bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Over-The-Counter Drugs and Its Health Implications in Awka South LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Onyedinefu Abraham , Osuagwu Gift Ogechi
Published: June 2024

This work examined the use of over-the-counter drugs and its health implications in Awka South LGA of Anambra State, Nigeria. The objective of the study is to empirically interrogate the prevalence of over-the-counter drug use in Awka South LGA of Anambra State, Nigeria; the factors influencing it, and its health implications. The study used a mixed methods research approach, with 204 respondents selected through a multistage sampling procedure. The structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interview (IDI) guide acted as data-gathering tools. The quantitative data were coded and processed with SPSS version 20. Frequency tables were utilized to evaluate, characterize, and show the data, whereas quantitative data were manually transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Two study hypotheses were developed and tested using chi-square inference statistics. This study revealed that various factors influence the use of OTC drugs in Awka South LGA. The study equally found that the use of OTC drugs is very prevalent in Awka South LGA. Moreover, the study also found that abusing OTC drugs has health implications. Based on these findings, this study recommended that the government should regulate the production, sale, and advertisement of OTC drugs. The study also recommended that sensitization and awareness programs should be carried out periodically to teach people when and when not to use OTC drugs.
Designing an Insurance Pricing Model using a Mathematical Approach
Authors: Osei James Adekorafo , Yooku Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Every time drivers take to the road, and with each mile that they drive, exposes themselves and others to the risk of an accident. Insurance premiums are only weakly linked to mileage, however, and have lump-sum characteristics largely. The result is too much driving, and too many accidents. The purpose of carrying out this research was to determine a model for calculating the premiums for Pay-As-You-Drive in automobile insurances.
Methodology: To price Pay-As-You-Drvie auto insurance, we define a discounted collective risk model while the total number of claim has non-homogeneous Poisson distribution. By applying non-homogeneous Poisson distribution we can enter the mileage to the discounted collective risk model to the premiums for Pay-As-You-Drive in Automobile insurances. We apply the double Double Stochastic Poisson Process for modeling the DCRM. The Double Stochastic Poisson Process provides flexibility by letting the intensity not only depend on time but also by allowing it to be a stochastic process.
Findings: By applying the doubly stochastic Poisson process to review the driver’s mileage in the model, the study found the distribution of discounted collective risk model and present the expected value of total loss for calculating the premiums.
Recommendation: The current auto insurance pricing systems are inequitable because low-mileage drivers subsidize insurance costs for high-mileage drivers, and low-income people drive fewer miles on average. The study recommends a more efficient pricing systems model to find a good model for calculating the fair auto insurance premium.
Keywords: Cox process, martingales, aggregate risk models, PAYD, actuarial mathematics.
Adaptation and Performance Evaluation of Layer (Bovan Brown) Chicken Breed in Peri-Urban Areas of Agro-Pastoralist, South Omo Zone, Ethiopia
Authors:   Poultry Researcher, Jinka Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 96, Jinka, Ethiopia.
Published: June 2024

An experiment targeted the adaptation and performance evaluation of the Bovan Brown chicken breed in peri-urban areas of Agro-pastoralist was conducted in the Malle district. One kebele and 25 households were selected purposively. Training was provided and 21 pullet chickens were distributed to each household. Vaccination was given for the common poultry diseases. The commercial feed was used for the first two months, and then home-prepared feed in addition to kitchen refusal, garden forages, insects, and worms. Mortality was the collective effect of disease, stress, predators, and injury. The average body weight of the breed was 1.5 Kg with an average age of sexual maturity of 6 months. On average the breed laid 237 eggs per hen per year with a relative egg weight of 48, 51, 53, and 57 g at 5%, 10%, 50%, and 95% lay periods, respectively. The breed was preferred due to its survival, egg production, feed conversion ability, and fast age of sexual maturity with some constraints such as feed shortage, absence of the breed, veterinary drugs, and vaccines in the district. The “Bovan Brown” breed was adapted, performed well, and was preferred by the users with the limitation of chicken feed and the awareness gap of keepers. Therefore, the chicken keepers should be trained for the preparation of the layers feed, especially, protein sources, and the distribution of the breed should be limited to urban, per-urban, and trained keepers with access to the road to buy inputs and sale outputs.
Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT LYMPHOMA) With Extensive Plasma Cell Differentiation and Localized Amyloid Deposition.
Authors:   2500 Dr. MetroHealth Medical Center. United States of America.
Published: June 2024

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a mature and clinically indolent B cell lymphoma composed of heterogeneous cell population. Plasma cell differentiation is commonly seen in MALT lymphomas. However, plasmacytic differentiation along with localized amyloid deposition in the lungs is an extremely rare. We encountered a unique case of Extranodal MALT lymphoma with extensive plasmacytic differentiation and amyloid deposition. A 78-year-old female with past history of Gastric MALT lymphoma, status post chemotherapy presented in outpatient clinic. PET scan revealed an incidental 9 mm nodule in left lung, and subsequently underwent biopsy. Histology showed sheets of heterogeneous neoplastic cells including small lymphocytes, monocytoid cells, and abundant number of plasma cells (Fig A) in the background of hyalinization (Fig B). Immunohistochemical (IHC) reveals lymphoma cells are positive for CD20 (Fig C) and CD43, and plasma cells showed lambda restriction (Fig D). Furthermore, Congo Red stain of eosinophilic background showed positive birefringence upon polarization, consistent with Amyloid. Great caution is required in differentiating these cases from lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma as the histologic and IHC features can significantly overlap, and studies have also suggested that plasmacytic differentiation in these cases represent precursor neoplasm of plasma cells. Amyloid depositions in MALT lymphomas are rare and organ confined but can lead to local complications and cause considerable morbidity. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of the association between MALT lymphoma with extensive plasma cell differentiation and amyloid deposition, as close clinical follow up is recommended.
Prevalnce of Anemia and Associated Factors in Jashore District of Bangladesh – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
Published: June 2024

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences on human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle but is more prevalent in pregnant women and young children. Anemia during pregnancy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of pregnant women in developing countries and has both maternal and fetal consequences. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in Bangladeshi human subjects, especially women. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was held on human subjects (N=528), of which 4% were children (n=27), 27% male (n=141), 33% non-pregnant female (n=173) and 36% pregnant female (n=187). The signs and symptoms of participants were also considered. The study participants for this study were people who were categorized as: children 6-59 months, children 5-11 years, children 12-14 years, men (15 years of age and above), non-pregnant women (15 years of age and above) and female (pregnant). The survey was held on 528 patients of children (27), male (141), non-pregnant female (173) and pregnant female (187). The questionnaire had been developed including the basic information about anemia associated with dietary habits and relevant factors in details. The questionnaire contained seven section: background information, personal information, history of patients, dietary information, signs and symptoms, diagnostic information and pregnancy status for females. Blood samples of the subjects had been tested for percentage value of hemoglobin. Results: The anemic children were affected by thalassemia genetically. Among the people, more than 50% were below 6 months of age. More than 80% of anemic patients had been found suffering from different diseases. Of them, 10% patients suffered from accidental blood loss. Among the female anemic patients, 63% had been habituated with excessive menstrual bleeding. Pregnant women had been found suffering from mild to moderate anemia (characterized by hemoglobin concentration) but non-pregnant had been noticed with moderate anemia. This might be due to the undiagnosed mild anemic condition in non-pregnant female. Almost 65% of pregnant women had children and among them, 58% had previous pregnancy within last 2 years. In our observation, 25% of the anemic pregnant women had previous abortion history and 34% affected by bleeding during pregnancy. The education level was below secondary in 55% of anemic adult patient. Conclusion: Mild to moderate anemia prevails among the study subjects. Their lifestyle modification especially intake of iron rich food and suppliments seem apt in overcoming this crisis.
Implementasi Sistem Mulazamah dalam Pembelajaran Diniyyah di Madrasah Qur’aniyyah Al Husnayain Surakarta
Authors: Hanani Hanif , Pamungkas Maulana Al Bana , Azhari Pebri
Published: June 2024

This article discusses the application of the mulazamah system in islamic learning to follow the previous scholars' learning system in order to improve the achievement of educational goals. The purpose of this study is to observe the learning process in its application. This investigation uses qualitative descriptive methods with data collection techniques through observations, interviews and documentation. It is also one of the programmes of support of the vision and mission of the Madrasah Qur’aniyyah Al Husanayain Surakarta that expects the emergence of a generation of Qur’anists who have the right to the Quran and Sunnah as well as the knowledge of religion and the establishment of hearts and akhlaq guided in the truth.
Analysis of International Experience in the Introduction and Development of Mandatory Insurance Types
Authors: Hakobyan Gagik M.
Published: June 2024

In many countries of the world, several types of compulsory insurance are introduced and effectively operating. The types of mandatory insurance can vary depending on the country and the issues that the state and its society are dealing with. However, some types of compulsory insurance are more common.
Памятники армянской архитектуры и топонимики Италии. Часть 2 / The Monuments of Armenian Architectures and Toponymy in the Italy. Part 2
Authors: Poghosyan-Khaghbakyan Gagik H.
Published: June 2024

The article presents the chapter of the multi-volume atlas of the catalog "The Monuments of Armenian Architecture and Toponymy in the World". It provides an overview of the history and development of the Armenian community in Italy, the geography of its settlement, the state of the church, education and the Armenian media. The main part of the article is a table-a list of Armenian monuments of architecture and toponymy in Italy, followed by a list of references.
Психология стресса в промышленности на пространстве ЕАЭС. Пример «промышленной» гибкости / Industry stress psychology within the Eurasian Union. Example of industrial flexibility
Authors: Donchenko Anna V.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the issues of stress psychology in industrial sector within the Eurasian Union. One of the main article’s endpoints is that the Eurasian integration of nowadays can be focused on the congruent processed policy of all state-members of the Union. The flexibility of the integration block is highlighted.
The article describes the necessity and big potential of innovative and industrial integrity projects in the context of the ap-plicable policy, including compliance with the EAEU statements and national interests defense.
2. ABDÜLHAMİD’İN TÜRKÇE’NİN SADELEŞMESİ ÇAĞRISINA KATILAN BİLİNMEYEN BİR “ÖZ TÜRK DİLİ”Cİ: OSMAN RAHMÎ VE “ÖZ TÜRK DİLİ” İLE KALEME ALDIĞI ESERLERİ
Authors: Bayak Cemal
Published: June 2024

Osman Rahmî (ö. 1923 sonrası) günümüze yakın dönemde yaşamış olmakla beraber gerek edebî gerekse veterinerlikle ilgili biyografik kaynakların hiç birisinde yer almayan bir bilim adamı ve edebî şahsiyettir. Eserlerinde kendisi hakkında bir bilgi vermeyen Osman Rahmî ile ilgili bilgilerimiz son derece sınırlıdır. Bununla beraber yayınladığı eserlerin isimleri ve metinleri bilinmektedir. Yayınladığı eserlerden kendisinin askerî veteriner olduğunu öğrendiğimiz Osman Rahmî’nin 10 yayınlanmış ve 4 yayınlanmamış eserinin isimleri bilinmektedir. Yayınlanmış eserleri, meslekî/sağlıkla ilgili eserler ve edebî/fikrî eserler olmak üzere iki grupta toplanabilir. Bu eserlerin beş tanesinin meslekî/sağlıkla ilgili eserler ve diğer beş tanesinin de edebî/fikrî içerikte oldukları görülmektedir.
Osman Rahmî, ilk eserlerinde dönemin okur yazarlarında yaygın olarak görülen inşâ tarzında, terkipli bir dil kullanırken bir süre sonra bunu bırakarak kendi ifadesiyle

“öz Türk dili” olarak nitelediği, sade ve anlaşılır bir dil ile kaleme alınan anlatımı benimseyip savunduğu görülmektedir. Bu durum onun 20. yüzyılın başlarında görülen Türkçenin sadeleşmesi çalışmalarını desteklediğini ve bu dil ile kaleme aldığı üç eser ile de bu dilin gelişmesine katkı sağlamayı amaçladığını göstermektedir. Bununla beraber, yayınlanan eserlerinin kronolojisi göz önüne alındığında, yazarın bu iki anlatım dili arasında gidip geldiği görülmektedir.
Yazının ilk bölümünde Osman Rahmî’nin hayatı arşiv belgeleri ve veterinerlikle ilgili kaynaklardaki bilgilerle tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır ve eserlerinin isimleri verilecektir. Daha sonra da yazarın kendi ifadesiyle “öz Türk dili” ile ilgili düşünceleri ve bu anlayışla kaleme aldığı üç eseri üzerinde durulacaktır.
İSKEÇELİ MÎR-İ ʻALEM-ZÂDE RİFʻAT’İN BİLİNMEYEN BİR ESERİ: MANZUM AVÂMİL TERCÜMESİ
Authors: Koyuncu Fatih , Babaarslan Giyasi
Published: June 2024

İslam dinini kabul eden toplumların başta Kur’an’ı anlamak amacıyla Arapçayı öğrenme ihtiyacı zaruri hale gelmiştir. Hadis, tefsir, fıkıh ve kelam gibi ilimlerin ve dinî metinlerin daha iyi anlaşılması için Arapça gramer kaidelerinin anlatıldığı birçok eser kaleme alınmıştır. Arap gramerinin temel konularından olan nahiv ilminin içerisinde avâmil de yer almaktadır. Avâmil kitaplarında, Arapça kelimelerin sonunda bulunan harekelerin ve bazı harflerin cümledeki durumlarına göre değişikliğe uğraması konu edilmektedir. Osmanlı döneminde Abdülkâhir el-Cürcânî’nin el-Avâmil adlı eseri ile Birgivî Mehmed Efendi’nin el-Avâmilü’l-cedîd’i bu konudaki iki geleneği meydana getirmiştir. Birçok dile aktarılan bu eserler üzerine şerh, haşiye ve talikat türünden metinler yazılmıştır. Dilbilgisi metinlerinin daha kolay ezberlenmesi amacıyla bu eserlerin bazen manzum olarak tercüme edildiği bilinmektedir. Türk edebiyatında avâmil konusunda gerek manzum gerekse mensur birçok eser yazılmıştır. Manzum avâmil tercümesi kaleme alan müelliflerden biri de İskeçeli Mîr-i ʻAlem-zâde Rifʻat’tir. Kaynaklarda şairin bu eserinin varlığından bahsedilmemiştir. Manzumede mahlasın dışında bahsi geçen isimler ve düşürülen tarih gibi bazı veriler bu eserin ona ait olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu eser, Birgivî’nin meşhur eseri olan el-Avâmilü’l-cedîd’in manzum tercümesidir. 170 beyitten müteşekkil olan bu manzumenin bir nüshası İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesinde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada avâmil hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve eserin mütercimi kaynaklardaki bilgilere göre tanıtılmıştır. Daha sonra eserin muhtevası üzerinde durulduktan sonra tercümenin metni sunulmuştur.
Discovery of Astatine by Horia Hulubei
Authors:   Romanian Academy, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: June 2024

The search for new chemical elements was a prominent scientific endeavor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This era saw the discovery of several elements such as radium, polonium, and radon by prominent scientists such as Marie Curie and Ernest Rutherford. Astatine was one of the missing elements from the periodic table, and its existence was predicted due to the periodicity of the elements, with iodine as its nearest stable neighbor. Scientists have sought to confirm its existence and properties. The discovery of astatine by Horia Hulubei and his collaborator Yvette Cauchois at the beginning of the 20th century is recognized by many scientists, although the authorship of this discovery was ignored by the Austrian radiochemist Friedrich Paneth, who was responsible for setting priorities in the discovery of new chemical elements. This article will delve into the historical background and scientific endeavors that led to the discovery of astatine by Horia Hulubei.
The Impact of Patronage Dynamics in Government Employment on Service Delivery in Wajir County, Kenya
Authors: Omar Ahmed Guhad
Published: June 2024

Government performance and service delivery in the public sector is largely dependent on the quality of its service providers defined by the individuals employed in different departments of the sector. Nevertheless, the process through which governments recruit and select public employees is often marred by employment dynamics affecting the labor market as a whole.  This paper addresses the impact of patronage dynamics in government employment on service delivery in Wajir County Kenya. Adopting the attraction selection attrition theory, the author explores how patronage dynamics affect the hiring process in government employment assessing the consequences of the same in-service delivery. Through descriptive research design, the study used questionnaires and interviews to collect data from 169 respondents selected by stratified sampling technique. Descriptive statistics is used in the analysis of collected data which is further presented in tables. The findings of the study indicated that patronage dynamics significantly undermine both employment and service delivery in Wajir County, hence diminishing job opportunities for qualified individuals, further eroding public trust and social cohesion.  The study recommends implementation of transparent and merit-based recruitment and promotion practices across public institutions which is paramount to mitigating the influence of patronage on access to employment opportunities in government. This will eventually enhance the quality of service delivery.
Variation in Parameters of Complete Blood Count Using Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA), Sodium Citrate and Lithium Heparin: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sharaza Qadir Omer  , Rawezh Q. Salih  , Shvan Luqman Ezzat  , Dahat A. Hussein  , Ayman M. Mustafa  , Aga Khdir Hamad  , Hawnaz Salih Abdullah  , Bayan Aziz Saeed  , Shahid Salah Rashid  , Sangar Jum’a  , Mohammed Hassan Sofi
Published: June 2024

Introduction
The primary anticoagulants utilized in hematology are ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), lithium heparin, and citrate. Although various studies have investigated their impact on complete blood count (CBC) in various animals, limited data are available concerning humans. This study explores the differences in CBC parameters when using these anticoagulants.
Methods
This study was a cross-sectional study comprising 250 participants who underwent CBC tests with different anticoagulants. Blood samples were examined using the Medonic M51. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA, intra-class correlation coefficient, and concordance correlation coefficient, were employed as applicable, with significance level set at p-values <0.05.
Results
One hundred eight participants (43.2%) were male, and 142 (56.8%) were female, with a mean age of 40.88±17.06 years ranging from 7 to 91 years.  Comparing K2EDTA with lithium heparin, comparable values were found in 14 out of 23(60.87%) CBC parameters, while citrate showed similar results in 13(56.52%) parameters. Using K2EDTA as the standard, citrate showed perfect or substantial agreement in assessing 9 out of 23 CBC parameters (39.13%). Similarly, Lithium heparin showed perfect or substantial agreement in determining 9 out of 23(39.13%) parameters. Compared to K2EDTA, lithium heparin exhibited high precision and accuracy in estimating 13 out of 23(56.52%) CBC parameters. In contrast, citrate was accurate in 9 out of 23(39.13%) parameters.
Conclusion
Using citrate instead of K2EDTA for CBC estimation may yield inaccurate outcomes, whereas lithium heparin could serve as an alternative anticoagulant, requiring careful monitoring.
CaReL Guideline: A Consensus-Based Guideline on Case Reports and Literature Review (CaReL)
Authors: Sakshi Prasad  , Mahmoud Nassar  , Ahmed Y. Azzam  , Francisco García-Muro-San José  , Mahnaz Jamee  , Rim Kasem Ali Sliman  , Giuseppe Evola  , Ayman M. Mustafa  , Hiwa O. Abdullah  , Berun A. Abdalla  , Shvan H. Mohammed  , Fahmi H. Kakamad  , Abdulwahid M. Salih  , Nicola Tartaglia  , Giovanna Pavone  , Giuliano D’Onghia  , Silviu Daniel Preda  , Sofia Maraki  , Ivona Butorac Ahel  , Carlo Pietro Campobasso  , Jacek K. Szymański  , Andrea Bottari  , Laura Fortuna  , Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi  , Ilaria Mormile  , Gaetano Riemma  , Emmanuel Roilides  , Serena Xodo  , Nives Pecina-Slaus  , Matteo Paganini  , Giacomo Brisca  , Giorgia Perniola  , Matteo Frigerio  , Rok Civljak  , Salvatore Sardo  , Marco Colizzi  , Luminita Iliuta  , Eric Chun-Pu Chu  , Tummidi Santosh  , Ahmed El Shamarka  , Hossam Tharwat Ali  , Reşat Özaras  , Alparslan Dilsiz  , Baha’eddin A. Muhsen  , Maysa Al-Hussaini  , Ricardo Grillo  , G.V. Oliveira  , Neil H. Riordan  , Ishag Adam  , Abdulqadir J. Nashwan  , Nima Rezaei  , Rasoul Goli  , Abhigan Babu Shrestha  , Sajina Shrestha  , Jairo Corchuelo-Ojeda  , Imen Ben Ismail  , Umaharan Thamotharampillai
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Clinical case reports enrich medical literature by presenting rare medical issues. However, case reports that do not adhere to a standard template often lack rigor and limit their usefulness in clinical guidance. Several guidelines for reporting case reports have been structured, while further improvements are still required. The current guideline (CaReL) aims to enhance the comprehensiveness of case reports by integrating a detailed literature review.
Methods
In total, 56 researchers were selected based on specific publication criteria for structuring the guidelines. The guideline development was based on a two-step consensus process, including a literature review and survey distribution. Responses underwent scrutiny to ensure reliability and validity. Content validity was assessed, with revisions made to achieve a content validity index exceeding 0.78.  The guideline's feasibility and effectiveness were evaluated by pilot testing, with feedback incorporated for finalization, ensuring the robustness and practicality of the guideline.
Results
The CaReL guidelines can improve the quality of case reports through a comprehensive checklist with an increased emphasis on literature review. In addition to traditional sections with their subsections discussed in previous guidelines, the checklist also focuses on literature review in the abstract and discussion.
Conclusion
The CaReL guidelines offer a comprehensive structure for documenting case reports. They highlight the importance of incorporating a literature review to better introduce medical issues to readers and scholars and embedding reported cases into the current scientific state of the art. Implementing these guidelines can promote knowledge sharing and improve patient care
Optoelektronik Uygulamalar için Grafen
Authors: Köç Bakacak Pınar , Levet Aytaç
Published: June 2024

ÖZ
Grafen ilk izolasyonunun gerçekleştirildiği 2004 yılından beri iki-boyutlu nano materyaller arasında bir yıldız olarak araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Özellikle yeni keşfedilen 2D boyutlu materyal ailesi boyutsallıklarına bağlı olarak esneklik özelliğinin oluşumuna olanak sağlamaktadır. Bilinen ilk iki-boyutlu nano materyal olan grafenin sahip olduğu mükemmel termal, elektronik, optik ve mekaniksel özelliklerinin zenginliğinin yanı sıra, eşsiz 2D yapısından dolayı esnek optoelektronik aygıt uygulamalarında sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Bu sayede insan arayüzlü cihazlar, robotik cilt, giyilebilir optoelektronik cihazlar, dokunmatik ekranlar, ultra hızı lazerler ve ışık yayan aygıtlar gibi esnek ya da gerilebilir cihazlara duyulan büyük ilginin oluşmasına ve bu alanda yürütülen çalışmaların hız kazanmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu incelemede, grafen tabanlı optoelektronik aygıtların geliştirilmesindeki son gelişmelere kapsamlı bir genel bakış açısı sunmanın yanı sıra bu alana ilişkin gelecek perspektifleri de tartışılmaktadır.
Literature review of Alzheimer’s disease aetiology
Authors: AL-MOMANI Hafez
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The most prevalent neurodegenerative illness and kind of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It shows up as a reduction in short-term memory and cognitive function that affects day-to-day functioning. The majority of Alzheimer’s cases are idiopathic, but a tiny percentage of hereditary instances provide gene identification, which when combined with neuropathology provides crucial hints regarding the broader causes. The development and course of the illness are influenced by metabolic and environmental risk factors, such as vascular impairment and inflammation. We still don’t fully grasp how neuronal shrinkage and synaptic loss occur across the cerebral cortex. The aim of this review paper is to give a concise overview of AD and its pathogenesis. Methods: Relevant terms were applied to several databases (including CENTRAL; CINAHL; EMBASE; Medline Ovid; and PubMed NCBI) to search for studies exploring aetiology of AD. Result and discussion: Eight etiological theories have been identified based our database search. These include: 1) The aging process; 2) The deterioration of cholinergic and cortical anatomic channels; 3) Environmental factors; 4) Genetic causes; 5) Metabolic malfunction resulting from defects in the mitochondria; 6) Blood/brain barrier impairments; 7) Immune and viral aetiology. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, aetiology, Theory of Aging, Cholinergic hypothesis.
INVESTMENT IN A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: TARGETING INCLUSIVE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT WITH FISCAL ALLOCATION IN EDUCATION IN SOUTH-ASIA
Authors: Mahmud Khaled , Ahmed Mushtaque , Zahid Jawad R.
Published: June 2024

We examine the impact of public expenditure on education on human development measured by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Index (HDI) in South Asia. Using country-level data for 32 years from 1991 to 2022 on ten South Asian nations, we estimate fixed effect panel data regression. We find that a 1 percentage point increase in government expenditure in education– measured as a % of GDP– is associated with a 0.01515 increase in HDI for the ten countries during the study period. Considering HDI on a scale from 0 to 1, this is indeed substantial. Additionally, we find a statistically significant and positive association between the number of primary and secondary educators and higher HDI scores. This positive association is also found for training of teachers. Results are stronger for primary level in case of number of teachers. In secondary level, results are stronger for training of teachers. Although the literature explores the topic in detail, empirical evidence in South Asia, particularly for Bangladesh, is inadequate. We believe our findings will inform better fiscal resource allocation in education in Bangladesh.
CROSS-SECTIONAL HERDING BEHAVIOR IN DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE : A CASE OF BEHAVIORAL FINANCE
Authors: Afrin Tasneema
Published: June 2024

This paper aims at exploring the herding behavior in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) Ltd. Cross Sectional Standard Deviation (CSSD) and Cross Sectional Absolute Deviation(CSAD) approaches proposed by Christie and Huang (1995) and Chang et al. (2000) were undertaken to identify herding behavior or individual irrationality in investment decision making process in DSE. Exploring the models proposed by Christie and Huang (1995) and Chang et al. (2000), the author proposed the use of an alternative non-linear model which can better reflect the market volatility and uncertainty of Bangladesh stock market. Daily closing price data of DSE 30 has been used for the study period of 2013-2023. DSE 30 was used as the market portfolio measure as this index includes the most liquid, active and investable stocks. Daily closing price data of DSE 20 was used for 2007-2012 period as DSE 30 was launched in 2013. The daily closing price data of individual stocks of DSE 30 index were taken after adjusting for right offerings, cash dividends and stock dividends. The test results broadly found herding behavior in different cross sectional analysis and different market conditions in different time phases. Herding behaviors were evident during 2007-2023 period during phases of large price movements, pre-crash period from 2007-2010, stock market crash period from 2010-2011, pre-COVID period from 2012-2019, COVID period from 2020-2021 and post-COVID period from November 2021-June 2023. From the test results, it can also be concluded that herding behavior is more prominent in small and medium capitalized portfolio, high and moderate trading volume scenario and in bullish and bearish market whereas the herding behavior is not evident in large capitalized portfolio, low trading volume scenario. These tests gave better results with the non-linear models as market does not necessarily maintain a linear correlation with individual or portfolio return dispersion. This paper contributes to the behavioral finance literature by applying an alternative non-linear model to detect irrational behavior of investors of emerging and frontier market like Bangladesh.
Peningkatan Derajat Kesehatan Masyarakat di Kampung Ifar Besar Papua Melalui Penyuluhan Malaria, Stunting, Scabies, Asam Urat, dan TB
Authors: Apay Frengky , Manangsang Frans , Purba Ellen Rosawita Veronica , Gentidatu Sofietje , Swastika I Ketut , Rophi Kristiyani Herda , Rumaseb Ester , Muspitha Fitri Diah , Rahayu Gemi , Mebri Elisabeth
Published: June 2024

Malaria dan Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit menular yang masih menjadi tantangan besar, sementara stunting dan asam urat berhubungan dengan gizi dan pola hidup yang perlu diperbaiki. Scabies sebagai penyakit kulit akibat kebersihan yang kurang optimal dan membutuhkan perhatian khusus. Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penyuluhan merupakan strategi dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat di Kampung Ifar Besar, Papua. kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang komprehensif kepada warga mengenai gejala, penyebab, dan pencegahan berbagai penyakit didaerah Kampung Ifar Besar, Papua. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan dengan metode pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penyuluhan yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan partisipatif dan terstruktur. Kegiatan ini dimulai dengan melakukan survei awal untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat pengetahuan dan kebutuhan kesehatan masyarakat setempat. Selanjutnya, diadakan sesi penyuluhan melalui ceramah, diskusi kelompok, dan demonstrasi praktik hidup bersih dan sehat yang melibatkan tenaga kesehatan, kader desa, dan tokoh masyarakat. Kegiatan di ikuti oleh 34 kepala keluarga di Kampung Ifar Besar. Evaluasi dan pemantauan dilakukan secara berkala untuk menilai efektivitas kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa PKL Poltekes Kemenkes Jayapura. Setelah serangkaian sesi penyuluhan, masyarakat menjadi lebih memahami gejala, penyebab, dan cara pencegahan berbagai penyakit tersebut. Terjadi peningkatan dalam praktik hidup bersih dan sehat, seperti kebiasaan mencuci tangan dan penerapan pola makan seimbang untuk mencegah stunting dan asam urat
Pentingnya Edukasi Tentang Bullying Untuk Mencegah Kejahatan Di Sekolah SMP Negeri 29 Medan
Authors: Fatimah Ulfa , Rachma Alya , Balaqis Tifany Laura , Gaol Riski Sakti Lumban , Taufik Taslima Amelia , Bara Abdinur Batu
Published: June 2024

Bullying adalah tindakan intimidasi yang dapat berbentuk fisik, verbal, emosional, atau elektronik yang merugikan korbannya baik secara fisik maupun mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pentingnya edukasi tentang bullying sebagai langkah pencegahan kejahatan di SMP Negeri 29 Medan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, yang menguraikan informasi terkait fenomena bullying di sekolah tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bullying di SMP Negeri 29 Medan muncul dalam berbagai bentuk, termasuk bullying verbal, fisik, dan sosial, dengan dampak negatif yang signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan fisik, emosional, dan akademik siswa. Faktor-faktor seperti pengaruh teman sebaya, pola asuh keluarga, dan kebijakan sekolah yang kurang tegas turut berkontribusi terhadap tingginya insiden bullying. Oleh karena itu, strategi pencegahan yang komprehensif diperlukan, termasuk pendidikan karakter yang menekankan empati, toleransi, dan penghargaan terhadap perbedaan, serta dukungan emosional melalui konseling. Implementasi program anti-bullying yang melibatkan seluruh komunitas sekolah, serta kerjasama antara sekolah dan orang tua, diharapkan dapat menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang lebih aman dan kondusif bagi perkembangan siswa
Efforts to Improve Service Quality at Skenario Kopi Cafe Based on Consumer Needs Using Quality Function Deployment
Authors: Amalia Fariza , Cahya Handy Nur , Waluyo Dwi Eko , Zakaria Fakhmi
Published: June 2024

Faced with fierce competition, coffee shops need to stay in tune with evolving customer preferences. This research was conducted the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, specifically the House of Quality (HoQ) tool, to analyze feedback from subject consist of 100 customers of Skenario Kopi Cafe. The HoQ is a structured approach that translates customer desires (Voice of Customer or VoC) into actionable technical improvements. The sampling technique is based on purposive sampling technique. Analysis of Validity Test and Reliability Test data using SPSS 24 software. The research identified 15 key customer needs, categorized by their level of importance. They then compared these needs to 5 potential technical responses that Skenario Kopi Cafe could implement. Based on this analysis, the result showed such as prioritizing communication training for staff, followed by facility upgrades, and lastly, implementing regular performance evaluations. By analyzing the relationships between these factors, the researchers were able to prioritize the actions that would have the greatest impact on customer satisfaction.
Lembang Fault Deformation Study Using Sentinel-1A Image with Ps-Insar Method
Authors: Nurtyawan Rian , Sigiro Rizky Berzata
Published: June 2024

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) states that the earthquakes that have occurred in the territory of Indonesia during 2018 were 11,418. Nearly 95 percent of earthquakes occur in fault areas and plate boundaries. In West Java, especially in the Bandung area there is a fault structure called the Lembang Fault which is mostly occupied by community settlements. The Lembang Fault is an active fault, therefore it is necessary to conduct research related to monitoring the Lembang Fault for disaster mitigation purposes. One of parameter to determine the level of activity of a fault is deformation. The amount of deformation can be analyzed through the remote sensing methods, one of them is the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) method. In this study the main data used is Sentinel-1A image data consist of eight scenes with acquisition time from January 2018 to March 2019. The results of the study concluded that the average deformation that occurred along the Lembang Fault was 2,485 mm with a graph that tends to rise. The area most affected by deformation is Cisarua Subdistrict with Line-of-Sight velocity of deformation of 28.4 - 48.9 mm / year. While the smallest deformation occurred in Lembang District with Line-of-Sight velocity of deformation of -2.3 - 19.2 mm / year.
Analysis of Information Technology Strategy in Multifinance Companies Based on Digital Present Information Website
Authors: Kalbuadi Harias
Published: June 2024

Technology is needed both in the process of collecting data, information and activities to reduce the use of paper or paperless. According to OJK, a Financing Institution is a business entity that carries out financing activities in the form of providing funds or capital goods. Some of the benefits of IT strategy Making a roadmap for IT development and development both related to infrastructure, application systems, services and information security. With the data and information that can be collected, it can be managed and used in decision making through an analysis that can be used in looking at the policies and strategic decisions of the organization. With the IT strategy, companies can have strategies in securing data and system management in the organization, in particular, with the IT strategy, it can be used to segment the market and determine business focus to increase added value that can be provided to consumers or debtors. From making a checklist using the websites of 26 finance companies, it can be seen that the company's strategy in digitalization and information technology such as having applications, ISO 270001 standards, using marketing and payment channels as well as the use of financing glorification forms and financing applications shows that multifinance companies have begun to move to digitalization. If a multifinance company has an aggressive vision for asset development and digital present, digital channels are enhanced to increase the number of potential new customers entering through digital channels and of course by improving and maintaining data quality by using third party data and increasing payment channel cooperation to ensure more choice of debtor payments. With a moderate vision, the use of third party data to improve credit quality to improve or improve the quality of the asset portfolio of multifinance companies.
Decision Support System in Employee Admissions Using Simple Additive Weighting Algorithm at Cv.Sumber Solusi Bersama
Authors: Abdillah Fadli Syahrul Rofiq , Hartanti Dwi , Srirahayu Agustina
Published: June 2024

This research aims to design and implement a decision support system (SPK) in the employee admission process at CV. Sumber Solusi Bersana using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) algorithm. CV. Sumber Solusi Bersama faces the challenge of selecting the best candidates from several qualified applicants based on various criteria, such as education, work experience, skills, and interviews. The SAW method was chosen because of its ability to provide an objective and measurable assessment based on the weight given to each criterion. This study uses a quantitative approach by collecting qualitative data from the recruitment process in CV. Furthermore, calculations are carried out using the SAW algorithm to determine the total score of each applicant.
Comparison of the K Nearest Neighbor Algorithm with Apriori Algorithm to Analyze Lifestyle Patterns in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Steven Steven , Wijaya Ricky , Yawin Helbert
Published: June 2024

Hypertension is one of the most influential cardiovascular diseases that can result in organ disorders such as heart dysfunction or stroke, and hypertension is often found by chance. Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure increases drastically to above-normal limits and forces the heart to work harder in pumping blood to meet the body's oxygen needs. This disease can interfere with the work of other organs if left untreated, especially the heart and kidneys. Not paying attention to diet, exercise, stress, smoking, and drinking alcohol can all be responsible for an increased risk of hypertension. An a priori algorithm was used in the Sei Semayang Health Center case study to predict hypertensive patients and compare their behavioural patterns and lifestyles. So, the results of rapid-miner using a priori algorithm to analyse the Comparison of the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm with the Apriori Algorithm to Analyze Lifestyle Patterns in Hypertensive Patients the results obtained U1, which means that there are hypertensive patients aged 25-38 years who have more hypertension. The result is H2, which means that the community has but does not control the doctor with a pattern style such as consuming alcohol, smoking, lack of exercise, consumption of sugar, consumption of saturated fats and foods that contain much salt and rarely consuming vegetables or fruits and foods that contain mucin, so more. More people have hypertension by way of an unhealthy lifestyle.
Knowledge Management Strategy of Advance Manufacturing Study Case in Automotive Component Industry
Authors: Az Zurqi Ayyasy , Imam Suroso Arif , Taryana Asep
Published: June 2024

Advanced manufacturing enterprises are typically have implemented automation and digital technology, Just in Time production and system, and advanced product development. But all those advanced manufacturing implementations did not instantly give result as expected, because people within enterprise was not ready as important actors. Effective knowledge management strategy was needed to face this constraint. This research was show us the priority strategy of knowledge management at a manufacturing enterprise in which has implemented advanced manufacturing.  This research involved 4 internal experts to formulate knowledge management strategy and then decide the most priority one. APO knowledge management assessment tool was used combined with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).  There were 4 alternatives of knowledge management strategy as the result, i.e (1) integrating knowledge management with performance management, (2) optimize information technology to support knowledge management process, (3) develop community of practice trough expert track career path, and (4) Implement learning review during project. The by using AHP, integrating knowledge management with performance management was decided as first priority strategy.
The Role of SKP Application In Improving Employee Performance
Authors: Febrian Jaya Aldi , Fadillah Alfandi , Khumayah Siti , Imawan Khaerudin
Published: June 2024

Civil Servants (PNS) are in front of all government activities to meet the needs of the community and become the driving force of government processes in Indonesia. The government's human resources agency (BKPSDM) in Majalengka Regency has started carrying out their work procedures online as everyone can now access the Internet. processes and obstacles and how to overcome these obstacles This study uses qualitative research with descriptive methods, the selection of this method is in accordance with the opinions of Miles and Huberman Punch (1992), namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Data was collected from various sources through interviews. Observations were also made at the place of Employee Performance Target (SKP). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the SKP assessment at the Human Resources Personnel and Development Agency (BKPSDM) of Majalengka Regency performance standards assessed and evaluated by the sirancage system are considered quite effective. This is because for filling out SKP related to online attendance with the sirancage application itself, this ASN management independently has the ability to describe and identify ASNs that function effectively and not. ASN itself uses SKP components and work behavior.
Penatalaksanaan Pseudokista Aurikula Unilateral Menggunakan Teknik Kompresi dengan Dental Elastomer
Authors: Putra A.A. Gede Indra Pramana , Utari I Gusti Ayu Oka Sri
Published: June 2024

Pendahuluan: Pseudokista aurikula bukan merupakan suatu keganasan, namun apabila tidak dilakukan perawatan dapat menyebabkan deformitas daun telinga. Terdapat beberapa metode penatalaksanaan kasus pseudokista aurikula. Pada laporan kasus ini akan dijelaskan mengenai perawatan pseudokista aurikula minimal invasif dengan menggunakan injeksi steroid intralesi dan kompresi dengan dental elastomer. Laporan kasus: Seorang laki- laki usia 51 tahun datang ke poli THT-KL RSUD Bangli dengan keluhan terdapat benjolan pada telinga kanan sejak 1 minggu yang lalu.  Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan klinis ditemukan benjolan pada telinga kanan dengan ukuran 2x1 cm dengan konsistensi lunak dan tidak ada  tanda inflamasi. Hasil aspirasi didapatkan cairan bening dengan konsistensi kental berwarna kuning kecoklatan sebanyak 1 cc. Diagnosis klinis pada kasus ini adalah pseudokista aurikula dextra. Penatalaksanaan kasus: Pada kunjungan awal dilakukan injeksi steroid intralesi, namun tidak ditemukan perbaikan kondisi yang signifikan. Dilakukan perawatan kompresi dengan dental elastomer sebagai perawatan lanjutan. Tidak ditemukan kekambuhan setelah kontrol selama 2 minggu. Kesimpulan: Penatalaksanaan kasus pseudokista aurikula dengan teknik kompresi dengan dental elastomer dinyatakan berhasil tanpa ditemukan kekambuhan selama 2 minggu kontrol.
Viral Marketing: Utilizing Digital Content Digitization to Enhance Brand Awareness, Brand Trust, and Customer Loyalty in Coffee Shops
Authors: Wibisana Sudarta Ida Bagus , Mahyuni Luh Putu
Published: June 2024

This study delves further into the use of viral marketing to boost customer loyalty, brand awareness, and brand trust in coffee shops. By looking at two case studies of coffee businesses that use influencer engagement and organic viral marketing tactics, a qualitative approach is used. By using two case studies with distinct approaches, we hope to shed light on how viral marketing can be successfully applied in a variety of situations. Eleven informants' interview data are evaluated through the use of coding and theming techniques. The study concludes that while the Story, Hype, Actionable, Relevant, and Emotional (SHARE) strategy is applied in both circumstances, the first case, which takes an organic approach, achieves higher levels of trust in the generated content than the influencer-involved case. Furthermore, the study reveals that the utilization of viral marketing tactics in conjunction with the SHARE concept has the potential to enhance consumer awareness, trust, and loyalty. This study makes a valuable contribution by providing in-depth understandings of the ways in which viral marketing can be utilized to improve consumer loyalty, brand awareness, and brand trust. It also closes a gap in the literature by explaining how Viral Marketing strategies can be strengthened through the application of the SHARE concept.