bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socializing relations in the everyday lives of children: Comparing domestic texts from Norway and China
Authors: Wærdahl Randi , Haldar Marit
Published: May 2012

The text material analysed in this article consists of 20 teddy-diaries that circulated between the families of 6-year-old children in Beijing, China and in Oslo, Norway. The circulation process makes teddy-diaries highly normatively saturated domestic stories from families with 6-year-old children. A quantitative analysis of these texts inspired by Membership Categorization Analysis (MCA) developed by Harvey Sacks (1972) reveals what is deemed significant relations for children in each culture. By identifying actions and contexts that are described as relevant and appropriate for these significant relations, the researcher can also achieve a better understanding of how these relations are constructed as socializing relations in the everyday lives of children. The article finds that the learning styles and positioning of the child in everyday lives is participatory, play and peer oriented in Norway and instructional, encouraging and progress oriented in China.
The sustainable shape recovery of polyurethane copolymer grafted with pendant anthryl group under extremely low temperature conditions
Authors: Chung Yong-Chan , Chung Hyang Mi , Choi Jae Won , Chun Byoung Chul
Published: May 2012

The impact of the pendant anthryl group on the low temperature flexibility and tensile properties of a polyurethane block copolymer was investigated. The pendant anthryl group was designed to interrupt molecular interactions and to disturb the close contact between polyurethane (PU) chains through its rigid aromatic rings; thus, to improve the flexibility at extremely low temperatures, while maintaining high and reproducible tensile properties and the shape recovery at ambient temperatures. The attachment of the anthryl group was confirmed using the infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. Increasing the anthryl content led to an unusual increase in the crosslink density due to partial crosslinking by the grafting reagent. The shape recovery and retention results were reproducible after performing repeated shape memory tests. Finally, the effect of the anthryl group on the shape recovery at −30 °C was compared with that of linear PU, and the reason for the remarkable flexibility at low temperature is discussed.
Influence of ultrasonic dual mode mixing on morphology and mechanical properties of ZrO2-epoxy nanocomposite
Authors: Halder Sudipta , Ghosh Prakriti K. , Goyat Manjeet S.
Published: May 2012

Dispersion of nanoparticles and its effect on the mechanical properties were investigated by fabricating nanocomposites via mechanical mixing (MM) and ultrasonic dual mode mixing (UDMM) methods. The mechanical mixing of ZrO2 nanoparticles in epoxy resin was employed using glass rod stirring and the ultrasonic dual mode mixing was employed by ultrasonic vibration along with magnetic stirring to produce ZrO2-epoxy nanocomposite. Micrographs obtained using a field emission scanning electron microscope revealed an improved dispersion quality of ZrO2 nanoparticles especially for the UDMM method. The improvement in dispersion was reflected in much improved tensile and fracture properties of the nanocomposite.
Manufacturing paradigms: the role of standards in the past, the present and the future paradigm of sustainable manufacturing
Authors: Griffiths Brian
Published: May 2012

This article suggests that standards are the key enablers of past, present and future manufacturing paradigm shifts. A brief historical review describes the development of manufacturing and the pivotal role standards played. Manufacture was craft-based until national standards had been developed and enabled mass production. Standards played a similar role in the shift to lean manufacture. Lately, there has been a growing environmental/sustainability emphasis. Hence, new manufacturing technologies have been, and indeed are being, developed for end-of-life-processing. We are approaching, if not in, a new ‘un-manufacturing’ paradigm, driven by sustainability. Standards are enabling this shift. Typically, there are environmental management standards, e.g. the ISO 14000, and eco-design initiatives, e.g. the energy-using products (EuP) directive. Specific to product design is the suite of BS 8887 standards with the acronym ‘MADE’ (manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-life processing).
Managing avalanches using cost–benefit–risk analysis
Authors: Larsson-Kråik Per-Olof
Published: May 2012

Malmbanan, the Swedish Iron Ore Line, runs through rough terrain including high mountains, peat, terraces situated on fjords, and numerous short bridges and culverts. The area is sub-arctic and mountainous, with a sharp gradient between the part with a maritime climate and that with a continental climate. Global warming and new climate conditions are increasing the risk of slab and snow avalanches. A cost–benefit–risk analysis, dealing with slab and snow avalanches, high spring temperatures with fast snow melting, high water levels and heavy rainfalls, was performed in 2001. A number of at-risk sections along the track were identified and some of the risks were later addressed with changes in the infrastructure and changes in train operation during bad weather conditions. During the past 10 years, the various actions taken have been continuously improved. An evaluation based on operational data shows a lower risk of trains running into hazard areas and better control of slab and snow avalanches. Other improvements are better control and monitoring of rock falls and a lowered risk for trains operating during bad weather conditions. The technical systems in use consist of instrumented arrays of poles placed along the track to indicate avalanches. Bridges have been built to permit avalanches to pass under the railway and artificial tunnels have been designed and constructed to allow avalanches to pass over the railway. Rock fall nets have been put into service and professional avalanche inspection teams have been used for risk evaluation during high-risk weather conditions.
Structural optimization technique of a T-tail
Authors: Qiu Ju , Sun Qin
Published: May 2012

A T-tail’s structural design is a complex engineering problem, and multiple factors are often taken into consideration, especially flutter failure. This approach combining sequential quadratic programming and multi-island genetic algorithm handles this design problem. In the first stage, the use of sequential quadratic programming can rapidly assist in initial design by obtaining a proper model for the next optimization, with the weight as an optimization goal, subjected to constraints in conventional performance. In the second stage, multi-island genetic algorithm is used to optimize the previous result model with special requirements, mainly referring to flutter speed. The optimization-analysis results are compared and discussed with insight into the use of sequential quadratic programming and multi-island genetic algorithm. In light of the second optimization, the special flutter performance of the T-tail is illustrated, again. Improving the torsional stiffness of the horizontal tail increases the flutter speed.
A theory of Tesla disc turbines
Authors: Sengupta Sayantan , Guha Abhijit
Published: May 2012

In the present article, a mathematical theory for the flow field within a Tesla disc turbine has been formulated in the appropriate cylindrical co-ordinate system. The basis of the theory is the Navier–Stokes equations simplified by a systematic order of magnitude analysis. The presented theory can compute three-dimensional variation of the radial velocity, tangential velocity and pressure of the fluid in the flow passages within the rotating discs. Differential equations as well as closed-form analytical relations are derived. The present mathematical theory can predict torque, power output and efficiency over a wide range of rotational speed of the rotor, in good agreement with recently published experimental data. The performance of the turbine is characterized by conceptualizing the variation of load through the non-dimensional ratio of the absolute tangential velocity of the jet and the peripheral speed of the rotor. The mathematical model developed here is a simple but effective method of predicting the performance of a Tesla disc turbine along with the three-dimensional flowfield within its range of applicability. A hypothesis is also presented that it may be possible to exploit the effects of intelligently designed and manufactured surface roughness elements to enhance the performance of a Tesla disc turbine.
Missense polymorphisms within IL-10R1 exons are not associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese
Authors: Cui H , Xue H , Yang L , Liu D , Qi L , Zhang N
Published: May 2012

Objective: Studies have suggested that interleukin-10 receptor1 (IL-10R1) is involved in genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in animal models and Caucasians. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine whether the IL-10R1 gene plays a role in the pathogenesis of human SLE in the Chinese Han population. Methods: The seven exons of the IL-10R1 gene were amplified and sequenced using a BigDye Terminator v1.1 Cycle Sequencing kit and an ABI 3100 DNA Analyzer. A missense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus with a minor allele frequency of at least 0.1 was chosen to evaluate the correlation with the incidence of SLE. Results: Seven SNPs were found to reside in the exons of the IL-10R1 gene. Among the SNPs, A744G was evaluated for a correlation with the incidence of SLE because A744G was the only missense SNP with a minor allele frequency of at least 0.1. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the A and G alleles between the SLE patient group and the healthy control group ( P = 0.693). Furthermore, the genotype frequencies of A744A, A744G and G744G did not differ significantly between the two groups ( P = 0.906). Conclusion: In the Chinese Han population, missense SNPs within the exons of the IL-10R1 gene do not contribute to the development of SLE.
The linguistic, visual and multimodal representation of two-Mum and two-Dad families in children’s picturebooks
Authors: Sunderland Jane , McGlashan Mark
Published: May 2012

Gender representation in children’s literature is an established area of research, and the representation of sexuality increasingly so. Less established, however, is work on sexuality in picturebooks, in particular (a) the representation of gay co-parents, and (b) work with a linguistic or multimodal focus. Using a dataset of 25 picturebooks featuring two-Mum and two-Dad families, and focusing on ‘explicitness’ about their sexuality, we explore differences in the representation of the gay Mums and gay Dads. We look first at the book titles and co-parents’ names, using van Leeuwen’s Social Actor Network (1996, 2008) categories of Nomination and Categorization. Secondly, we look at the indexing of gay sexuality through the linguistic, visual and multimodal representation of physical contact, starting with van Leeuwen’s (2008) Visual Social Actor Network. Although the co-parents’ sexuality was shown in positive and diverse ways, Mums were more frequently constructed than Dads as co-parents, and Dads more frequently constructed than Mums as partners. Gender appears to interact with sexuality to produce these gendered representations of the gay Mums and Dads.
Re-bordering the neighbourhood: Europe’s emerging geographies of non-accession integration
Authors: Casas-Cortes Maribel , Cobarrubias Sebastian , Pickles John
Published: May 2012

This paper highlights the ways in which the emerging models of migration management are producing new geographies of the European Union’s borders that complicate notions of a tightly bounded and easily delineated ‘Schengen space’ or ‘Fortress Europe’. Under policy frameworks such as the European Neighbourhood Policy and the EU’s Global Approach to Migration, a process of economic and political regional integration is under way that is beginning to transform the ways in which non-accession neighbours and neighbours of neighbours in North Africa and beyond are articulated with the EU. Central to these changes are programmes, institutions and practices of both regional economic development and border routes management. This changing geopolitical and geo-economic approach to regional integration and the nature of European borderlands has at its heart a series of new spatial imaginaries, institutional actors and cartographic experiments that point to a project in process in which the relationships between territory, state and population are being reconfigured to produce new notions of sovereignty across more complex and multiple borders and, in some cases, beyond borders.
From places to flows? Planning for the new ‘regional world’ in Germany
Authors: Harrison John , Growe Anna
Published: May 2012

Recent decades have been dominated by discourses describing a resurgence of regions. Yet despite its prominence the region remains a largely Delphian concept. In the period of new regionalist orthodoxy, for example, while it was recognized that regions take various forms, the normative claim that we were living in a ‘regional world’ became narrowly focused on regions as subnational political units. Nevertheless, the emergence of city-regions, cross-border regions, and European Metropolitan Regions is leading some scholars to suggest the formation in this century of a brave new ‘regional world’. With economic, social and political activity increasingly orchestrated through regional spaces that cross-cut the territorial map that prevailed through much of the twentieth century, the literature is adorned with accounts advancing the theoretical and policy rationale for relational approaches to regions and regionalism. Yet far less has been written on the struggle to construct these spaces politically, thereby neglecting questions of territory and territorial politics. With this in mind, our paper draws on the experience of Germany to consider the political struggle to overcome the contradictions, overlaps, and competing tendencies that result from new regional spaces appearing alongside, rather than replacing, existing forms of state scalar organization. In particular, we observe how the Federal State is using the ambiguity of the regional concept to present territorial and relational approaches as complementary alternatives. The paper concludes by relating these findings to ongoing debates on how we, as ‘regional’ researchers, should approach the analysis of regions and regionalism; speculates on the degree to which they form progressive and effective spatial policies; and asks what lessons can be learnt about contemporary state spatiality more generally.
The experience turn of the Danish periphery: The downscaling of new spatial strategies
Authors: Lorentzen Anne B
Published: May 2012

This article discusses the new wave of spatial development strategies in small, peripheral municipalities, based on the notion of the experience economy as a local response to the challenges of globalization and industrial restructuring. The notion of the experience economy, originally derived from strategic management, is more encompassing than the related notion of cultural economy, and its application in urban strategies aims to promote (1) new forms of business innovation, (2) the development of new industries and (3) the development of place as a factor of attraction. The article proceeds to describe the extent to which this perception has been integrated into urban strategies in North Denmark, and the associated local discourses and institutional practices. One municipality, Frederikshavn, is described and analysed in more detail. In this municipality the experience economy has been constructed by the initiatives of public, private and civic actors over more than a decade, until it finally became institutionalized in official municipal policy and organizations. The many initiatives materialized in a considerable enhancement of the local cultural and leisure supply, urban refurbishment, business innovation and a change of urban image from industrial city to experience city. The experience economy mainly became institutionalized as a reinterpretation and development of welfare services from a consumer perspective. As a municipal strategy the experience economy concept is faced with two problems: the municipal scale is not adequate to change the economic and demographic fate of peripheral localities, and enhancing the quality of place and image can be only part of the response to the serious challenges facing them.
Exploring the ‘New Rural Paradigm’ in Europe: Eco-economic strategies as a counterforce to the global competitiveness agenda
Authors: Horlings Lummina G. , Marsden Terry K.
Published: May 2012

Rural regions in Europe are facing diverging pathways of development. On the one hand, the influence of urbanisation and the intensification and continued up-scaling of agriculture make it more difficult for many regions to remain distinctive and increase sustainability. Places, as well as goods and services, have become increasingly interchangeable. For many regions an obvious choice is to compete with other regions for global mobile capital and labour. On the other hand, and as a counterforce to these global logics, new strategies, which are more place-based, are being developed, such as the construction of identities or images around new agricultural goods and services. These strategies can be seen in the context of the ‘New Rural Paradigm’ for European rural regions. In the search for new trajectories for sustainable development, different models can be identified: the bio-economy paradigm and the eco-economy. Each model has its own sustainability claim and can be analysed in the context of the overarching development theory of ecological modernisation. The central question in this article is what types of strategies and pathways for eco-economic development can be witnessed in rural regions in Europe? The empirical analysis is based on 62 European cases. Three key eco-economic strategies that show a shift from an agricultural-based development to a more integrative rural and regionally based development are identified. The article concludes with some consistent parameters for understanding the dynamic complexity of rural regional development.
Sequencing-independent method for the differentiation of the main phylogenetic lineages of Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Sellyei Boglárka , Wehmann Enikő , Magyar Tibor
Published: May 2012

A rapid, easy method involving a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was developed to differentiate the 2 phylogenetic lineages of Pasteurella multocida. The PCR targeted the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, and the RFLP involved separate digestions with HindIII, EarI, and MlsI. The method was applied to 16 isolates of P. multocida from different hosts and the isolates were clearly assigned to 1 of the 2 lineages. The phylogenetic lineages did not match with the phenotypic-based identification at the subspecies level.
Bovine herpesvirus 1 abortion
Authors: Crook Tara , Benavides Julio , Russell George , Gilray Janice , Maley Maddy , Willoughby Kim
Published: May 2012

While Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) has been known as a cause of bovine abortion for nearly 50 years, information is limited on the current prevalence of BoHV-1 abortion in the United Kingdom, or about the mode of virus dissemination to cause infection of the fetus. The present study aimed to investigate these issues by surveying the prevalence of BoHV-1 in abortion cases in the United Kingdom, and comparing diagnostic methods to determine which are most efficient in BoHV-1–induced abortion. Where BoHV-1 DNA was detected, viral load was compared in fetal tissues, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), supported by histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to investigate virus dissemination in bovine abortions. A total of 400 U.K. bovine abortion cases were studied; PCR detected BoHV-1 nucleic acids in 10 cases, suggestive histopathological lesions were observed in 8, and positive IHC staining was observed in 9. In routine diagnosis, BoHV-1 was identified in 2 of these cases, highlighting the utility of using molecular diagnostic tests such as real-time PCR to achieve high sensitivity in potentially autolyzed tissues. The study of different fetal samples showed the highest viral load in the liver, along with severe multifocal necrotic hepatitis, suggesting either a clear tropism of the virus for this organ or that it is the first location to be reached in the fetus. Presence of viral antigen in endothelial cells of the placenta, brain, or heart suggest a hematogenous spread of virus from placenta to the liver, through the umbilical vein, and then to the rest of the organs via fetal blood vessels.
A novel papillomavirus isolated from proliferative skin lesions of a wild American beaver (Castor canadensis)
Authors: Rogovskyy Artem S. , Baszler Timothy V. , Bradway Daniel S. , Bruning Darren L. , Davitt Christine M. , Evermann James F. , Burk Robert D. , Chen Zigui , Mansfield Kristin G. , Haldorson Gary J.
Published: May 2012

Cutaneous papillomatosis was diagnosed in an adult American beaver ( Castor canadensis). Gross lesions included numerous exophytic, roughly circular, lightly pigmented lesions on hairless areas of fore and hind feet and the nose. The most significant histopathologic findings were multifocal papilliform hyperplasia of the superficial stratified squamous epithelium, with multifocal koilocytes, and multiple cells with large, darkly basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. A virus with properties consistent with papillomavirus (PV) was recovered by virus isolation of skin lesions, utilizing rabbit and feline kidney cell lines. The presence of the virus was confirmed by PV-specific polymerase chain reaction. The partial sequences of E1 and L1 genes did not closely match those of any PVs in GenBank, suggesting that this might be a new type of PV. Partial E1 and L1 nucleotide sequences of the beaver papillomavirus (hereafter, ARbeaver-PV1) were used to create a phylogenetic tree employing the complete E1 and L1 open reading frame nucleotide sequences of 68 PVs. The phylogenetic tree placed the ARbeaver-PV1 in a clade that included the Mupapillomavirus (HPV1 and HPV63) and Kappapapillomavirus (OcPV1 and SfPV1) genera. The present article confirms the papillomaviral etiology of cutaneous exophytic lesions in the beaver.
Task-Relevant Sound and User Experience in Computer-Mediated Firefighter Training
Authors: Houtkamp Joske M. , Toet Alexander , Bos Frank A.
Published: May 2012

The authors added task-relevant sounds to a computer-mediated instructor in-the-loop virtual training for firefighter commanders in an attempt to raise the engagement and arousal of the users. Computer-mediated training for crew commanders should provide a sensory experience that is sufficiently intense to make the training viable and effective. In practice, sound is an important source of information for firefighters. During an evaluation of a soundless computer-mediated and instructor in-the-loop virtual training, both trainees and instructors frequently remarked that the lack of sound made the simulation less convincing and engaging. Research on entertainment games has shown that users may experience higher levels of presence, engagement, and arousal when sound is included in the simulations. The authors therefore hypothesized that the addition of task-relevant (informative) sounds to a virtual training would raise the engagement and arousal of the users, and the overall convincingness of the simulation. In this study, they included verisimilar and task-relevant sounds in an instructor in-the-loop computer-mediated firefighter training and assessed how these sounds affect user experience. In contrast to the common belief of trainees and instructors, the authors find that merely adding task-relevant sounds does not necessarily increase the engagement and arousal of the users. The authors conclude that the physical presence of (and verbal communication with) the instructor probably distracted from the simulation, and an integral sound design involving mediated communication with a remotely present instructor may be required to resolve this problem.
Tumor-Infiltrating Mast Cells in Colorectal Cancer as a Poor Prognostic Factor
Authors: Wu Xianrui , Zou Yifeng , He Xiaosheng , Yuan Ruixue , Chen Yufeng , Lan Nan , Lian Lei , Wang Fengwei , Fan Xinjuan , Zeng Yang , Ke Jia , Wu Xiaojian , Lan Ping
Published: May 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical/prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating mast cells (TIMs) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). TIM infiltration in 325 stage I to III CRC specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry. The optimal cutpoint of TIM density was assessed by the X-tile program. TIM infiltration in CRC was significantly higher than in normal colorectal tissues. According to the X-tile program, the cutpoint for high TIM infiltration in CRC was determined when TIM density was more than 8.0 per high-power field. Correlation analysis between TIM density and clinicopathological variables demonstrated that TIM infiltration was significantly associated with gender, nodal status, and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high TIM infiltration was a risk factor for both overall survival and disease-free survival. Taken together, high TIM infiltration can be an independent and useful biomarker for predicting the poor survival of patients with CRC.
Analysis of a history-dependent frictionless contact problem
Authors: Sofonea Mircea , Pătrulescu Flavius
Published: May 2012

We consider a mathematical model which describes the quasistatic contact between a viscoelastic body and an obstacle, the so-called foundation. The contact is frictionless and is modeled with a new and nonstandard condition which involves both normal compliance, unilateral constraint and memory effects. We derive a variational formulation of the problem which is the form of a history-dependent variational inequality for the displacement field. Then, using a recent result obtained by Sofonea and Matei, we prove the unique weak solvability of the problem. Next, we study the continuous dependence of the weak solution with respect the data and prove a first convergence result. Finally, we prove that the weak solution of the problem represents the limit of the weak solution of a contact problem with normal compliance and memory term, as the stiffness coefficient of the foundation converges to infinity.
An Open Trial of a Metacognitive Executive Function Training for Young Children With ADHD
Authors: Tamm Leanne , Nakonezny Paul A. , Hughes Carroll W.
Published: May 2012

Objective: Executive functioning is impaired in children with ADHD and putatively related to the pathogenesis of ADHD. The authors developed an innovative treatment teaching parents to administer a metacognitive executive function training intervention with children, promoting positive interactions during activities designed to improve attention and self-regulation. Method: A total of 24 young children with ADHD and their parents participated in an 8-week open trial of the intervention designed to assess feasibility and initial efficacy. Results: The intervention is feasible and accepted by parents as shown by high attendance/adherence, low attrition, and satisfaction ratings. Improvements in executive functions (visual/auditory attention, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) with corresponding improvements in parent ratings of executive functioning were observed. Reduced inattention symptoms were reported. Conclusion: Executive functioning training is a promising approach to treating young children with ADHD and holds promise for generalizability because parents are trained to be interventionists and coached to apply the strategies to alternative domains.
Psychosocial Treatments for ADHD
Authors: Watson Silvana Maria Russo , Richels Corrin , Michalek Anne Perrotti , Raymer Anastasia
Published: May 2012

Objective: Children with learning disabilities often experience comorbid ADHD, impacting on the effectiveness of interventions for those children. In addition to pharmacologic intervention, clinicians and educators employ a variety of psychosocial methods to address the behavioral and social issues that arise in children with ADHD, including those with co-occurring learning disabilities. Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted examining treatment studies using psychosocial interventions for children with ADHD. Because of the importance of such reviews to evidence based clinical and educational practice, it is essential that reviews be conducted with rigorous methodologies to avoid bias in conclusions (Schlosser, Wendt, & Sigafoos, 2007). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses conducted for psychosocial treatments of ADHD in children. Method: Electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed, English language studies of psychosocial treatments for ADHD in children up to 18-years-old from 1998 to 2010. Twenty-one studies were identified that met inclusion criteria (13 systematic reviews, 8 meta-analyses). Independent examiners used the quality rating scale proposed by Auperin, Pignon, and Pynard (1997) to rate the characteristics of good systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: Results indicated that certain methodological characteristics were common across trials reviewed, yet shortcomings were common among most reviews, including inadequate descriptions of data extraction methods and lack of quality ratings for trials included in the reviews. Conclusion: Synthesis of findings from the five top-rated reviews and the literature on ADHD suggest that psychosocial treatments contribute to improvements on behavioral and social outcomes. How ADHD and LD interplay in treatment outcomes is largely unexplored.
Profound organizational change, psychological distress and burnout symptoms: The mediator role of collective relative deprivation
Authors: Sablonnière Roxane de la , Tougas Francine , Sablonnière Édith de la , Debrosse Régine
Published: May 2012

The reasons underlying some individuals’ negative reactions to profound societal and organizational changes are still unclear. We argue that collective relative deprivation (i.e., feelings of discontent arising from group-based threat) mediates the relationship between perceptions of change and employees’ psychological reactions. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that when employees perceive organizational change to be negative and rapid, they are more likely to sense collective relative deprivation. This sense of collective relative deprivation, in turn, leads to higher levels of psychological distress and burnout symptoms. We tested the mediator role of collective relative deprivation among a group of nurses, and confirmed these hypotheses through a path analysis and a bootstrap procedure. The discussion underlines both theoretical and applied contributions, particularly in the modern context of vast and profound organizational changes.
Values and the planning school
Authors: Thomas Huw
Published: May 2012

This paper discusses the nature of the contemporary planning school in the global ‘North’. It argues that every education, including planning education, inculcates values; a necessary condition for doing this rigorously in planning is to have a school which coheres around a set of values about planning (and hence around an understanding of the social world of which it is a part); trends in higher education make meeting this necessary condition increasingly difficult. This paper illustrates the approach it advocates with examples from university education within and outside planning schools.
Public Justification of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Waltermaurer Eve
Published: May 2012

Understanding the extent to which the general public justifies intimate partner violence (IPV) is necessarily to explain perpetration, victimization, and response to this behavior. This article provides a literature review of quantitative studies measuring IPV justification among the general population. Key word searching of two databases plus bibliographies, and the web yielded 23 studies that provided comparable measures of IPV justification. Results are summarized for the prevalence of IPV justification identified for each country including differences in justification based on the initiating event (e.g., burning food and infidelity), sociodemographic differences in justification and differences across countries. No study identified a zero prevalence of IPV justification and percentages varied considerably across and within countries. Females tended to report a higher rate of IPV justification than males and younger respondents tended to report a higher rate IPV justification than their older counterparts. Further research is needed to understand IPV justification within and across nations as well as to explore the impact this has on IPV prevalence and policy.
Parent and Teacher Ratings of Communication Among Children With Severe Disabilities and Visual Impairment/Blindness
Authors: Cascella Paul W. , Trief Ellen , Bruce Susan M.
Published: May 2012

Three trends emerged from independent parent and teacher ratings of receptive communication and expressive forms and functions among students with severe disabilities and visual impairment/blindness. Parents had higher ratings than teachers, receptive communication was rated the highest, and no skills occurred often. Implications are discussed for ecologically sensitive communication scales.
State Policy Innovativeness Revisited
Authors: Boehmke Frederick J. , Skinner Paul
Published: May 2012

How do the American states vary in their propensity for innovativeness, or their willingness to adopt new policies sooner or later relative to other states? Most studies today use event history analysis (EHA) to focus almost exclusively on one policy area at a time at the expense of a broader understanding of innovativeness as a characteristic of states. To return to the concept of innovativeness more broadly, our study revisits and updates the original approach taken by Walker by updating his average innovation scores with new data covering more than 180 different policies. We use these data to construct a new, dynamic measure of innovativeness that addresses biases and shortcomings in the original measure and we provide measures of uncertainty for both. These new scores build on the logic of EHA to address issues such as right-censoring and to facilitate measuring changes in innovativeness over time. We then compare the two measures of innovativeness and evaluate differences across states, spatial patterns, and changes in innovativeness over time.
Environmental Free Riding in State Water Pollution Enforcement
Authors: Konisky David M. , Woods Neal D.
Published: May 2012

Interjurisdictional pollution spillovers are a critical issue in U.S. environmental policy. When policy responsibility is decentralized, state governmental agencies have incentives to promote these externalities in order to capture the benefits of economic activity within their borders while compelling neighbors to shoulder the resultant environmental costs. To test this free riding hypothesis, prior studies have relied on crude proxies to delineate a regulated entity's proximity to a neighboring state. In this article, we develop a more refined set of measures using newly available data on facility location to isolate the conditions under which free riding is theoretically more likely to occur. We then assess state enforcement of the federal Clean Water Act directed at major water polluters under these conditions to determine the extent to which U.S. states engage in environmental free riding behavior. Our empirical results are mixed, but in general they fail to support theoretical expectations generated by the free rider argument.
Vein Mapping Prior to Endovenous Catheter Ablation of the Great Saphenous Vein Predicts Risk of Endovenous Heat-Induced Thrombosis
Authors: Lin Judith C. , Peterson Edward L. , Rivera Melinda L. , Smith Jennifer J. , Weaver Mitchell R.
Published: May 2012

Objective: We investigate the value of vein mapping for predicting the risk of endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) after endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the great saphenous vein (GSV). Methods: In all, 355 consecutive vein mappings were retrospectively analyzed. A generalized estimating equations approach to linear logistic regression was used to evaluate the variables. Results: Among the 312 vein ablation of the GSV, 10 (3.2%) developed EHIT. When comparing the group of patients who developed EHIT versus no EHIT, the mean GSV diameter was 13.05 ± 5.59 mm versus 8.39 ± 3.38 mm (odds ratio [OR]: 1.25, P = .001), the presence of valvular incompetence at the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) was 10.71% versus 0.44% (OR: 27.75, P =.001), and 3.09% in RFA versus 3.33% in EVLT (OR: 1.09, P = .89). Conclusions: Patients with valvular insufficiency of the SFJ and a large proximal GSV diameter had a significantly higher risk of developing heat-induced thrombosis after endovenous catheter ablation.
Movement Kinematics During a Drinking Task Are Associated With the Activity Capacity Level After Stroke
Authors: Alt Murphy Margit , Willén Carin , Sunnerhagen Katharina S.
Published: May 2012

Background. Kinematic analysis is a powerful method for an objective assessment of movements and is increasingly used as an outcome measure after stroke. Little is known about how the actual movement performance measured with kinematics is related to the common traditional assessment scales. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between movement kinematics from a drinking task and the impairment or activity limitation level after stroke. Methods. Kinematic analysis of movement performance in a drinking task was used to measure movement time, smoothness, and angular velocity of elbow and trunk displacement (TD) in 30 individuals with stroke. Sensorimotor impairment was assessed with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), activity capacity limitation with the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and self-perceived activity difficulties with the ABILHAND questionnaire. Results. Backward multiple regression revealed that the movement smoothness (similarly to movement time) and TD together explain 67% of the total variance in ARAT. Both variables uniquely contributed 37% and 11%, respectively. The TD alone explained 20% of the variance in the FMA, and movement smoothness explained 6% of the variance in the ABILHAND. Conclusions. The kinematic movement performance measures obtained during a drinking task are more strongly associated with activity capacity than with impairment. The movement smoothness and time, possibly together with compensatory movement of the trunk, are valid measures of activity capacity and can be considered as key variables in the evaluation of upper-extremity function after stroke. This increased knowledge is of great value for better interpretation and application of kinematic data in clinical studies.
Comparison of the potency of a variety of β-glucans to induce cytokine production in human whole blood
Authors: Noss Ilka , Doekes Gert , Thorne Peter S , Heederik Dick JJ , Wouters Inge M
Published: May 2012

β-Glucans are components of fungal cell walls and potent stimulants of innate immunity. The majority of research on biological activities of glucans has focused on β-(1→3)-glucans, which have been implicated in relation to fungal exposure-associated respiratory symptoms and as important stimulatory agents in anti-fungal immune responses. Fungi—and bacteria and plants—produce a wide variety of glucans with vast differences in the proportion and arrangement of their β-(1→3)-, -(1→4)- and -(1→6)-glycosidic linkages. Thus far, the pro-inflammatory potential of different β-glucans has not been studied within the same experimental model. Therefore, we compared the potency of 13 different glucan preparations to induce in vitro production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in human, whole blood cultures. The strongest inducers of all cytokines were pustulan [β-(1→6)-glucan], lichenan [β-(1→3)-(1→4)-glucan], xyloglucan [β-(1→4)-glucan] and pullulan [α-(1→4)-(1→6)-glucan]. Moderate-to-strong cytokine production was observed for curdlan [β-(1→3)-glucan], baker’s yeast glucan [β-(1→3)-(1→6)-glucan] and barley glucan [β-(1→3)-(1→4)-glucan], while all other glucan preparations induced very low, or no, detectable levels of cytokines. We therefore conclude that innate immunity reactions are not exclusively induced by β-(1→3)-glucans, but also by β-(1→6)- and β-(1→4)-structures. Thus, not only β-(1→3)-glucan, but also other β-glucans and particularly β-(1→6)-glucans should be considered in future research.
HES1 opposes a PTEN-dependent check on survival, differentiation, and proliferation of TCRβ-selected mouse thymocytes
Authors: Wong Gladys W. , Knowles Gisele C. , Mak Tak W. , Ferrando Adolfo A. , Zúñiga-Pflücker Juan Carlos
Published: May 2012

The developmental progression of immature thymocytes requires cooperative input from several pathways, with Notch signals playing an indispensable role at the T-cell receptor (TCR)–β selection checkpoint. Notch signals affect the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is required for pTα/TCRβ (pre-TCR)–induced survival, differentiation, and proliferation of developing αβ-lineage thymocytes. However, the molecular players responsible for the interaction between the Notch and PI3K pathways at this critical developmental stage are unknown. Here, we show that Notch induction of Hes1 is necessary to repress the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), which in turn facilitates pre-TCR–induced differentiation. In support of this mechanism, deletion or down-regulation of Pten overcomes the Notch signaling requirement for survival and differentiation during β-selection. In addition, c-Myc is a critical target of Notch at this stage, as c-Myc expression overcomes the Notch signaling requirement for proliferation during β-selection. Collectively, our results point to HES1, via repression of PTEN, and c-Myc as critical mediators of Notch function at the β-selection checkpoint.
How I treat prolymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Dearden Claire
Published: May 2012

T- and B-cell subtypes of prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) are rare, aggressive lymphoid malignancies with characteristic morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular features. Recent studies have highlighted the role of specific oncogenes, such as TCL-1, MTCP-1, and ATM in the case of T-cell and TP53 mutations in the case of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Despite the advances in the understanding of the biology of these conditions, the prognosis for these patients remains poor with short survival and no curative therapy. The advent of monoclonal antibodies has improved treatment options. Currently, the best treatment for T-PLL is intravenous alemtuzumab, which has resulted in very high response rates of more than 90% when given as first-line treatment and a significant improvement in survival. Consolidation of remissions with autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation further prolongs survival, and the latter may offer potential cure. In B-PLL, rituximab-based combination chemo-immunotherapy is effective in fitter patients. TP53 abnormalities are common and, as for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, these patients should be managed using an alemtuzumab-based therapy. The role of allogeneic transplant with nonmyeloablative conditioning needs to be explored further in both T- and B-cell PLL to broaden the patient eligibility for what may be a curative treatment.
CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase-controlled phosphoinositide availability limits VEGFA signaling and vascular morphogenesis
Authors: Pan Weijun , Pham Van N. , Stratman Amber N. , Castranova Daniel , Kamei Makoto , Kidd Kameha R. , Lo Brigid D. , Shaw Kenna M. , Torres-Vazquez Jesus , Mikelis Constantinos M. , Gutkind J. Silvio , Davis George E. , Weinstein Brant M.
Published: May 2012

Understanding the mechanisms that regulate angiogenesis and translating these into effective therapies are of enormous scientific and clinical interests. In this report, we demonstrate the central role of CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase (CDS) in the regulation of VEGFA signaling and angiogenesis. CDS activity maintains phosphoinositide 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) availability through resynthesis of phosphoinositides, whereas VEGFA, mainly through phospholipase Cγ1, consumes PIP2 for signal transduction. Loss of CDS2, 1 of 2 vertebrate CDS enzymes, results in vascular-specific defects in zebrafish in vivo and failure of VEGFA-induced angiogenesis in endothelial cells in vitro. Absence of CDS2 also results in reduced arterial differentiation and reduced angiogenic signaling. CDS2 deficit-caused phenotypes can be successfully rescued by artificial elevation of PIP2 levels, and excess PIP2 or increased CDS2 activity can promote excess angiogenesis. These results suggest that availability of CDS-controlled resynthesis of phosphoinositides is essential for angiogenesis.
SNPs and GVHD prediction: where to next?
Authors: Dickinson Anne M.
Published: May 2012

The article by Chien at al in this issue of Blood uses a novel approach to assess the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) employing an Affymetrix GeneChip Genome-Wide Human 500 000 SNP array, they screened 1298 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant donors and recipients and tested whether the results from 40 previously reported candidate SNPs could be replicated. They also used a novel approach to impute data using IMPUTE software (http://nathgen.stats-ox.ac.uk/impute/impute.html) where the genotyping data were not available.1
Do not super-excess me!
Authors: Rivella Stefano
Published: May 2012

I have always been puzzled by the ability of normal erythroid cells to produce a stoichiometric amount of α- and β-globin chains in the absence of cross-talk mechanisms that would control and normalize the relative rate of expression of the genes encoding these proteins.
Novel treatment for congenital FXIII deficiency
Authors: Kohler Hans P.
Published: May 2012

Congenital Factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease leading to severe bleeding diathesis. In this issue of Blood, Inbal and colleagues report on a safe and novel treatment of this rare disorder with recombinant FXIII (rFXIII).1
On the growth of solutions of second order complex differential equation with meromorphic coefficients
Authors: Wu Pengcheng , Wu Shengjian , Zhu Jun
Published: May 2012

We consider the differential equationf''+Af'+Bf= 0 whereA(z) andB(z) ≢ 0 are mero-morphic functions. Assume thatA(z) belongs to the Edrei-Fuchs class andB(z) has a deficient value ∞, iff≢ 0 is a meromorphic solution of the equation, thenfmust have infinite order.

Mathematical Subject Classification 2000:34M10; 30D35.