bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of Rejection-Associated Transcripts in Early Protocol Renal Transplant Biopsies Are Associated with Tacrolimus Exposure and Graft Outcome
Authors: Chamoun Betty , Torres Irina B. , Gabaldon Alejandra , Jouvé Thomas , Meneghini Maria , Zuñiga José M , Sellares Joana , Perello Manel , Serón Daniel , Bestard Oriol , Moreso Francesc
Published: January 2024

Subclinical inflammation in protocol biopsies relates to tacrolimus exposure and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching. We aimed to characterize transcripts associated with rejection and tacrolimus exposure and its association with transplant outcome. We tested whether gene expression is associated with rejection using strictly normal protocol biopsies (n = 17) and biopsies with TCMR or ABMR according to Banff criteria (n = 12). Subsequently, we analyzed these transcripts in a set of 4-month protocol biopsies (n = 137) to assess their association with donor and recipient characteristics, the intensity of immunosuppression, and graft outcome. Differential expression (FDR>3) between normal and rejection biopsies yielded a set of 111 genes. Nineteen out of these 111 genes were correlated with tacrolimus trough levels (TAC-C0) at the time of biopsy in the protocol biopsy cohort (n=137) and allowed us to define 2 clusters of biopsies. The 2 clusters differed in donor age and tacrolimus levels. Subclinical rejection, including borderline lesions, tended to occur in the same cluster. Logistic regression analysis indicated that TAC-C0 at the time of biopsy (OR: 0.83, 95%CI:0.72-0.06, p=0.0117) was associated with cluster 2. In a follow-up averaging 70±30 months, this patient group displayed a significant decline in renal function (p=0.0135). The expression of rejection-associated transcripts in early protocol biopsies is associated with tacrolimus exposure and a faster decline in renal function.
Third-Generation Antipsychotics and Lurasidone in The Treatment of Substance-Induced Psychoses: A Narrative Review
Authors: RICCI VALERIO , De Berardis Domenico , Maina Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

This paper provides an exhaustive narrative review of third-generation antipsychotics (TGAs), focusing on aripiprazole, cariprazine, brexpiprazole, and lurasidone for managing substance-induced psychosis. It includes a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of these medications. The paper emphasizes the distinct challenges in treating substance-induced psychosis, which is a psychiatric condition triggered by the misuse or withdrawal of various substances, leading to symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, and is distinct from primary psychotic disorders. It underscores the potential of TGAs in addressing both psychotic symptoms and substance-related issues, while highlighting the need for more research on long-term effects and advocating for an integrated approach combining pharmacological and psychological interventions
Deciphering Double-Walled Corrugated Board Geometry Using Image Analysis and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Rogalka Maciej , Grabski Jakub Krzysztof , Garbowski Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Corrugated board, widely used in the packing industry, is a recyclable and durable material. Its strength and cushioning, influenced by geometry, environmental conditions like humidity and temperature, and paper quality, make it versatile. Double-walled (or five-ply) corrugated board, comprising two flutes and three liners, enhances these properties. This study introduces a novel approach to analyze 5-layered corrugated board, extending a previously published algorithm for single-walled boards. Our method focuses on measuring layer and overall board thickness, flute height, and center lines of each layer. Integrating image processing and genetic algorithms, the research successfully developed an algorithm for precise geometric feature identification of double-walled boards. Images were recorded using a special device with a sophisticated camera and image sensor for detailed corrugated board cross-sections. Demonstrating high accuracy, the method faced limitations only with very deformed or damaged samples. This research contributes significantly to quality control in the packaging industry and paves the way for further automated material analysis using advanced machine learning and image sensors. It emphasizes the importance of sample quality and suggests areas for algorithm refinement to enhance robustness and accuracy.
A Computational Model for Analysing the Wear Behaviour of Polymer Gears
Authors: Ignatijev Aljaž , Borovinšek Matej , Glodež Srečko
Published: January 2024

This study presents the computational model to determine the wear behaviour of polymer gears. Using PrePoMax finite element numerical calculation software, a proposed computational model was built to predict wear behaviour based on Archard's wear model. This allows the calculation of the wear depth in each loading cycle with constant mesh updating. The developed computational model has been evaluated on the spur gear pair, where the pinion made of POM has meshed with a support gear made of steel. The computational results that were obtained were compared with the analytical results according to the VDI 2736 guidelines. Based on this comparison, it was concluded that the proposed computational model could be used to simulate the wear behaviour of contacting mechanical elements like gears, bearings, etc. The main advantage of the model, if compared to the standardised procedure according to the VDI 2736 guidelines, is the geometry updating after a chosen number of loading cycles, which enables a more accurate prediction of wear behaviour under rolling/sliding loading conditions.
Immigrant Perspectives of Social Connection in a Nontraditional Migration Area (Formally “Socioecological Connectedness: Exploring Social and Community Foundations of Immigrant Health and Wellness”)
Authors: Jacquez Farrah , Vaughn Lisa M. , Hardy-Besaw Jamie
Published: January 2024

Social connectedness connection is a core dimension of health and wellness among all populations, yet the experience of moving to, and living in, a new country makes social and community-level influences particularly salient for immigrants. We interviewed 38 Latino immigrants living in a nontraditional migration area to explore the social and community foundations of health and wellness. Illustrated in a model of socioecological connectednesssocial connection, Using hybrid (inductive/deductive) qualitative analysis, we identified seven themesdomains of social connection from the perspective of the interviewed participants: 1) Lens of the individual is a filter for the social world; 2) Immigrant experience colors everything; 3) Interpersonal support enhances quality of life; 4) Community belonging fosters a sense of connectedness; 5) Community capital boosts security; 6) Community navigation promotes integration; and 7) Social acceptance strengthens inclusion. In the healthcare field, we lack conceptual clarity of the distinct connectedness domains that drive positive health outcomes in immigrant populations. Social connection domains generated by participants are consistent with the scientific literature, but this study identifies the specific social factors that immigrants describe as most salient to their own health and wellness. Our community-generated understanding of socioecological connectednesssocial connection can be used by healthcare providers to reduce risks and build on assets that will improve the health of immigrants living in nontraditional migration areas. health. Additionally, our model of socioecological connectednessthese results might serve as a foundation for a quantitative measure that can be used by providers to more accurately and comprehensively assess connectedness social connection of their patients and by researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of community-level interventions for immigrants.
In-situ Stereo-DIC with Thermal Imaging as a Process Monitoring Method in Vacuum-Assisted Thermoforming
Authors: Varedi Rasoul , Buffel Bart , Desplentere Frederik
Published: January 2024

This experimental study probes the dynamic behaviour of a 3mm ABS sheet during positive mould vacuum-assisted thermoforming. In this process, the sheet undergoes large and fast deformations, caused by the applied vacuum and mechanical stretching by the mould. The objective is to elucidate the complexities of these large, rapid and non-isothermal deformations. The non-isothermal conditions are caused by the radiative heating of the sheet, convective heat loss to the surrounding air and conductive heat transfer from the sheet to the mould. Utilizing stereo Digital Image Correlation (DIC) in tandem with thermal imaging, the present study accurately maps the occurring displacement, strain and strain rate field in relation to real-time temperature variation of the material. The study progresses to observe the ABS material from the moment it contacts the mould until it conforms to a positive 250mm diameter semi-sphere cast aluminium mould. The DIC methods are validated by comparing thickness values derived from DIC’s principal strain directions to ultrasonic thickness gauge readings. This knowledge not only broadens the understanding of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the material but also aids in optimizing process parameters for improved thickness uniformity in thermoformed products.
The Possible Bulk Superconductivity in Bi Doped BaFe2As2 Single Crystals
Authors: Si Jiabin , Zhao Jianfa , Liu Ying , Liu Ying , Jin Changqing , Liu Jibing , Xing Lingyi
Published: January 2024

We have successfully synthesized a series of Bi doped BaFe2As2 high quality single crystals for the first time. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show an expansion of lattice parameter c with Bi doping, indicating a negative pressure effect. By investigating the resistivity, a Fermi liquid (FL) to non-Fermi liquid (NFL) crossover is observed from normal state to antiferromagnetic order state, accompanied by three superconducting transitions labeled as SC I, SC II and SC III which are supposed to be induced from three superconducting realms with various Bi concentration. Thus, the NFL behavior is proposed to be closely related with the presence of superconductivity. The magnetic susceptibility measurements further speculates that the SC I and SC III phases should be filamentary superconductivity while the SC II be a possible bulk superconductivity with TC 7 K.
Targeting ATR Pathway in Solid Tumors: Evidence of Improving Therapeutic Outcomes
Authors: Mavroeidi Dimitra , Georganta Anastasia , Panagiotou Emmanouil , Syrigos Konstantinos , Souliotis Vassilis L.
Published: January 2024

The DNA damage response (DDR) system is a complicated network of signaling pathways that detects and repairs DNA damage or induces apoptosis. Critical regulators of the DDR network include the DNA damage kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). The ATR pathway coordinates processes such as replication stress response, stabilization of replication forks, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. ATR inhibition disrupts these functions, causing reduction of DNA repair, accumulation of DNA damage, replication fork collapse, inappropriate mitotic entry and mitotic catastrophe. Recent data have shown that the inhibition of ATR can lead to synthetic lethality in ATM-deficient malignancies. In addition, ATR inhibition plays a significant role in the activation of the immune system by increasing the tumor mutational burden and neoantigen load as well as by triggering the accumulation of cytosolic DNA and subsequently inducing the cGAS-STING pathway and the type I IFN response. Taken together, we review stimulating data showing that ATR kinase inhibition can alter the DDR network, the immune system and their interplay and therefore potentially provide a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapy, using ATR inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with genotoxic drugs and/or immunomodulators.
Minimally Invasive Oblique Retroperitoneal Approach for Extraforaminal Lumbar Schwannoma: Technical Challenges and Literature Review
Authors: Kramer Dallas E. , Elhamdani Shahed , Zaki Peter , Herr Sanjeev , Yu Alexander , Shepard Matthew J.
Published: January 2024

Traditional surgical techniques for extradural lumbar schwannomas are associated with considerable morbidity, including spinal instability and injury to the viscera and lumbar plexus. Minimally invasive approaches decrease soft tissue damage, blood loss, and postoperative length of stay. For select extraforaminal schwannomas, a minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach affords a direct surgical corridor. A 53-year-old obese female presented with 1 year of left iliopsoas weakness and L3 radiculopathy refractory to conservative management. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contrast-enhancing mass within the left psoas muscle consistent with an extraforaminal L3 schwannoma. The patient underwent minimally invasive oblique retroperitoneal surgical resection. Intraoperatively, the nerve root was splayed over the superior-lateral portion of the tumor limiting us to subtotal resection with nerve root preservation. The patient had improvement of pain and weakness that persisted at a 3-month follow-up. A minimally invasive lateral/oblique transpsoas approach provides a direct surgical approach for extraforaminal schwannoma. Patient body habitus and the nerve root relationship to the tumor may present limitations for the safe extent of resection.
Partial Vertebrectomy in Neglected Spondyloptosis at the T10–11 Level: A Case Report
Authors: Priambodo Radityo , Dahlan Rully Hanafi , Ompusunggu Sevline Estethia
Published: January 2024

Our objective was to document the surgical results from a case and conduct a retrospective analysis of partial vertebrectomy in neglected spondyloptosis at the T10–11 level. Traumatic spondyloptosis is a severe and rare spinal cord injury. In spondyloptosis, there is a traumatic subluxation of adjacent vertebral bodies that exceeds the normal anatomical limits. The thoracic vertebrae possess a rigid skeleton, and the sternum also contributes to maintaining stability in the upper-middle chest area. Therefore, instances of spondyloptosis in the thoracic spine are exceedingly rare. Thoracic spondyloptosis typically results in neurological deficits. A 45-year-old man presented to the neurosurgery outpatient clinic complaining of weakness of lower extremities, back pain, headache, and vomiting. The patient was hospitalized for 7 days, and he was diagnosed with neglected spondyloptosis based on a computed tomography scan. The patient was treated using laminectomy decompression, bilateral facetectomy, partial vertebrectomy, and posterior stabilization. Management in cases of spondyloptosis has the aim of reduction, alignment, and stabilization. Early surgery with reduction and rigid stabilization is preferable to conservative treatment in most cases. The surgical approach can be anterior, posterior, or combined, without significant differences. Vertebrectomy is performed to remove part of the vertebral body to reduce spinal cord pressure. Thoracic spondyloptosis is a very rare but severe type of spinal cord injury. Neurological deficits are common in patients with this condition. Early management involving reduction and stabilization is generally recommended to obtain a better outcome.
Apparel value chain analysis in Ethiopia: a multiple case study
Authors: Shimelis Tesfaye , Hailemariam Shalemu Sharew
Published: January 2024

Apparel manufacturers create value and ensure customer satisfaction for market competitiveness. This study analyses the apparel value chain in Ethiopia. The study focuses on apparel manufacturing industries around Addis Ababa using a multiple-case study approach. Data were collected using questionnaires, checklists, observations, and focus group discussions. A judgmental sampling technique was employed to select 115 respondents from prescreened case companies. Porter’s value chain model using qualitative techniques and descriptive statistics was used for analysis. The study reveals that operations, technology, inbound and outbound logistics showed high impact on firms’ performance. Marketing and sales, services, firm infrastructure, human resource management, and stakeholders have less impact. Hence, apparel industries should focus on internal activities to improve business performance. In addition, government institutions should support technology and infrastructure.
Reliability, usability and safety of a novel inertial sensor-based system to test craniocervical flexion movement control
Authors: Bocos-Corredor Elena , Moggioli Filippo , Pérez-Fernández Tomás , Armijo-Olivo Susan , Liébana Sonia , Martín-Pintado-Zugasti Aitor
Published: January 2024

Background
Neck pain has a significant global impact, ranking as the fourth leading cause of disability. Recurrent neck pain often leads to impaired sensorimotor control, particularly in craniocervical flexion (CFF). The Craniocervical Flexion Test (CCFT) has been widely investigated to assess the performance of deep cervical flexor muscles. However, its use requires skilled assessors who need to subjectively detect compensations, progressive increases in range of motion (ROM) or excessive superficial flexor activation during the test. The aim of this study was to design and develop a novel Craniocervical Flexion Movement Control Test (CFMCT) based on inertial sensor technology and real-time computer feedback and to evaluate its safety and, usability, as well as inter and intra-rater reliability in both healthy individuals and patients with neck pain.
Methods
We used inertial sensor technology associated with new software that provides real-time computer feedback to assess CCF movement control through two independent test protocols, the progressive consecutive stages protocol (including progressive incremental stages of ROM) and the random stages protocol (providing dynamic and less predictable movement patterns). We determined intra and inter-rater reliability and standard error of the measurement for both protocols. The participants rated their usability was analysed through the System Usability Scale (SUS) and possible secondary effects associated with the tests were registered.
Results
The progressive consecutive stages protocol and the random stages protocol were safe and easy to use (SUS scores of 82.00 ± 11.55 in the pain group and 79.56 ± 13.36 in the asymptomatic group). The progressive consecutive stages protocol demonstrated good inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ 0.75) and moderate to good intra-rater reliability (ICC 0.62–0.80). However, the random stages protocol exhibited lower intra-rater reliability, especially in the neck pain group, where the reliability values were poor in some cases (ICC 0.48–0.72).
Conclusion
The CFMCT (progressive consecutive stages protocol) is a promising instrument to evaluate CCF motor control in patients with chronic neck pain. It has potential for telehealth assessment and easy adherence for exercise prescription and proved to be a safe and usable tool for patients with pain and asymptomatic individuals. Its use as a test or for exercise needs to be further investigated to facilitate its transfer to clinical practice.
A Standard Area Diagram Set for Assessing Dragon Fruit (Hylocerus Spp.) Stem Canker Severity Caused by Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum
Authors: Dutra Pamela Suellen Salvador , Rocha Maria Gabriela de Carlos da , Duarte Henrique da Silva Silveira , Zhang Shouan
Published: January 2024

Dragon fruit canker (DFC) disease caused by the fungus Neoscytalidium dimidiatum poses a significant threat to yield and fruit quality in cultivating dragon fruit (Hylocerus spp.). Accurate assessment of canker severity is crucial for determining the effectiveness of the management strategies for controlling this disease. We developed a standard area diagram set (SADs) consisting of nine levels of disease severity (0.3 to 60%) and subsequently validated based on the patterns and distribution of the symptoms. For the validation, eighteen raters with no prior experience in disease assessment were recruited to estimate the severity of canker symptoms on 50 stems/cladodes of dragon fruit before and after the use of SADs. Both accuracy and precision were improved when they used the SADs. Statistical parameters for the 18 raters were as follows: bias coefficient factor (Cb) without SADs = 0.791, with SADs = 0.982; correlation coefficient (r) without SADs = 0.884, with SADs = 0.918; Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) without SADs = 0.702, with SADs = 0.902. Estimates were also more reliable by using the SADs: inter-rater coefficient of determination (R2) without SADs = 0.749, with SADs = 0.810. The newly developed SADs provide a practical, standardized tool for assessing dragon fruit canker severity, aiding researchers and growers in more accurate disease monitoring, yield loss estimation, intervention planning, and control measure evaluation.
Investigation of Microstructural and Mechanical behaviour of ZA27/Al 2 O 3 /MoS 2 Metal Matrix hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Kumar Shiva , V Vasu , N Narasaiah
Published: January 2024

Metal matrix hybrid nanocomposites are widely used due to their good strength and wear resistance properties. Because of its light weight and excellent mechanical properties, the ZA-27 alloy is used in industrial and automobile applications. The research article is focused on manufacturing of ZA-27 matrix material reinforced by 1.5 wt. % of Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) and 0.5 wt.% of Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) hybrid micro and nanocomposites by using stir casting followed by ultrasonic assisted technique. The hybrid micro and nanocomposite samples were studied for chemical composition by using EDS analysis. Microstructure investigation of ZA27/Al2O3/MoS2 nanocomposites was carried out with help of SEM. The hardness, tensile strength and yield strength are mechanical properties of ZA27/Al2O3/MoS2 hybrid micro and nanocomposites samples were tested. The uniform dispersion of Al2O3 and MoS2 nanoparticles in matrix alloy were observed in the microstructural analysis of hybrid micro and nanocomposites. From results it is observed that hardness of hybrid nanocomposites was increased 20% and 8% equated to base alloy and hybrid composites. The tensile properties were increased 19.4% and 7.1% related to ZA-27 alloy and hybrid composites.
GDF15 mediates inflammation-associated bone loss through a brain-bone axis
Authors: Elewaut Dirk , Cruyssen Renee Van der , Devan Jan , Heggli irina , Burri Dominik , Gaublomme Djoere , Josipovic Ivan , Dumas Emilie , Vlieghe Carolien , Raimondo Maria , Zakharov Pavel , Jacques Peggy , De Mits Sophie , Lukasik Zuzanna , Vuylsteke Marnik , Renson Thomas , Schots Lisa , Planckaert Guillaume , Stappers Flore , Decruy Tine , Coudenys Julie , Manuello Teddy , Vereecke Lars , Dmitriev Ruslan , Lambrecht Stijn , Hoorebeke Luc Van , Lambert Jo , Ravichandran Kodi , Ramming Andreas , Dudli Stefan , Schett Georg , Gracey Eric
Published: January 2024

Metabolic mediators play an important role in regulating inflammation(1). Rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis are common inflammatory diseases of the joint, aggravated in context of obesity(2). These patients experience systemic bone loss(3,4), which is not sufficiently controlled by disease-modifying therapeutics, despite adequate control of inflammation(5,6). Here we report an unexpected role for GDF15 (Growth Differentiation Factor 15), a central mediator of food intake(7–10), in inflammation-associated bone loss. Serum GDF15 levels were found to be elevated in arthritis patients and inversely correlated with bone density. However, GDF15 itself does not appear to promote arthritis. Rather, GDF15 mediates trabecular bone loss through its receptor GFRAL, which is expressed exclusively in the hindbrain(7–10). GDF15-GFRAL binding results in β-adrenergic activation of bone Marrow Adipogenic Lineage Precursors (MALPs), mesenchymal cells which are known to stimulate osteoclasts and trigger bone loss(11–14). These data demonstrate how a metabolic mediator controls bone loss through a brain-bone axis in inflammatory diseases. These findings may lead to more specific therapeutic interventions to protect bone through targeting GDF15 or MALPs.
High rheumatoid factor does not diminish efficacy of TNF inhibitors in seropositive JIA
Authors: Hugle Boris , Haas Johannes-Peter
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Rheumatoid factor (RF) binds to the immunoglobulin Fc portion, which might influence the efficacy of Fc-carrying TNF inhibitors (TNFi). This has been shown in studies of adults with RF-positive RA, but not yet in children.
The aim of this study was to determine efficacy of TNFi in children with seropositive polyarthritis according to rheumatoid factor levels.
Methods: A database was searched for patients with JIA/seropositive polyarthritis, admitted between January 2019 and March 2023. Data collected were demographic data, treatment with antirheumatic medications and JADAS and cJADAS prior to and after start of TNFi treatment. Changes in JADAS and cJADAS on TNFi were compared between patients with RF < 150 U/ml and RF ≥ 150 U/ml using repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: 17 patients were included, 8 with RF < 150 U/ml at diagnosis, and 9 with RF ≥ 150 U/ml. 16 patients (94%) were treated with etanercept, and one with golimumab, 15 patients were additionally treated with methotrexate. Mean JADAS (cJADAS) at treatment start was 26.0 ± 16.9 (24.4±13.7), and 5.5 ± 6.0 (5.1±5.7) at assessment after starting TNFi. A repeated-measures ANOVA determined that mean JADAS and cJADAS scores did not differ significantly across the two time points.
Conclusions: Unlike in adults, efficacy of TNFi was not diminished by elevated levels of RF in this cohort of pediatric patients with seropositive polyarthritis. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
A Prospective Randomized Study of Sequential Boost vs Simultaneous Integrated Boost Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy with Concurrent Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: SIKDAR DEBANJAN , Joseph Deepa M , Sharma Nidhi , Rout Sagar N , Ahuja Rachit , Krishnan Ajay S , TS Aathira , Charavarty Abhishek , Gupta Sweety , Pasricha Rajesh , Gupta Manoj
Published: January 2024

Background:
In modern radiotherapy era of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), boost of locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) can be delivered as a sequential or simultaneous integrated boost. Whether they differ in improving locoregional control or toxicity is largely unknown. In the current study, we prospectively compared two types of IMRT for non-nasopharyngeal LAHNC: sequential intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SEQ-IMRT) and simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT).
Materials and Methods:
Random assignment placed 66 patients with LAHNC into one of two treatment groups: SEQ-IMRT or SIB-IMRT. Patients in the SEQ-IMRT arm received a total radiotherapy (RT) dose of 70 Gy in 35 fractions over seven weeks, and the SIB-IMRT arm received 66 Gy in 30 fractions over six weeks. Concurrent weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2 chemotherapy was given to all. Acute toxicity was evaluated in each patient once a week, and follow-up was done every three months to assess response.
Results:
SIB-IMRT showed a higher grade 3 or more dysphagia (45.5 percent vs. 24.2 percent, p 0.001) and higher nasogastric tube dependency. The rest of the acute toxicity profiles of both treatment arms did not show any significant difference. After a long-term follow-up of 4 years, both research arms exhibited identical progression-free (p = 0.717) and overall survival (p = 0.978) rates.
Conclusion:
Reduced overall treatment time and convenience in RT planning are significant advantages of SIB, especially in high-volume centers. Anticipation of higher grades of dysphagia and management of the same is necessary.
Economic and financial crisis: a causal relationship analysis
Authors: MTIRAOUI Abderraouf Ahmed , HAMDAOUI Mekki , Aroussi zohra , Smida Mounir
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to assess the nature of the link between financial and economic crises. To do this, we develop a continuous measure for crisis probability. The methodology employed distinguishes short- from long-term relationships, enhancing the analysis's depth and fortifying the results for autoregressive processes. The study addresses endogeneity and potential simultaneity between different crises using a sample of 49 developed and emerging countries spanning 1984-2016. The empirical investigation incorporates a simultaneous equation, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) approach, a Panel Autoregressive Vector (P-VECM), an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique, as well as Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) and Dynamic OLS (DOLS) methods. Findings indicate that while all crisis types may stem from unfavorable conditions, there exists a time lag in triggering and duration. Specifically, economic crises tend to be more persistent and are typically preceded by financial crises. Granger-causality test results support a robust bidirectional causality between financial and real difficulties, with the financial sector influencing the real economy more significantly. Moreover, the study reveals that the impact of economic volatility on financial stability is transient and lacks long-term significance. Conversely, the effect of a financial crisis on the real economy is enduring and remains significant in the long run. Additionally, exchange market volatility emerges as a crucial determinant for both financial and economic crises.
A novel nanocomposite as a corrosion inhibitor in Halfaya Oilfield
Authors: Basheer Naeem A. , Allawi Raed Hameed , Mashaf Abdulateef A.
Published: January 2024

The oil industry faces several challenges, like corrosion. The cost of erosion reaches billions of dollars in the global economy annually. So, this work aims to prepare a new nanocomposite (ZrO2.B2O3-[BIT]) and study its effectiveness in preventing corrosion. In addition, the analysis and surface morphology techniques will be used to study the prepared nanocomposite. The Halfaya oilfield in southern Iraq and the industrial facilities included in this oil field, including oil tanks, transport pipelines, and various equipment, were chosen to study the inhibition efficiency of the ZrO2.B2O3-[BIT] for a variety of reasons, including environmental and technical. The corrosion inhibition activity of the prepared nanocomposite on carbon steel (CS.45) alloys and the corrosion medium was a solution of hydrochloric acid (1M) was tested in this study. Several tools were used to evaluate, including XRD, EDX, AFM, FESEM, TEM, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectra. The results obtained by the electrochemical corrosion test cell (Tafel plots) showed a very high inhibition efficiency ZrO2.B2O3-[BIT] reached 99.4% at a concentration of 100 ppm, and the prepared nanocomposite inhibitor type was a mixed inhibitor. This compound is an effective tool in preventing corrosion and an important cost factor.
Life stress and mental health of Chinese college students in the post-epidemic era: the multiple mediating effects of core and potential psychological capital
Authors: Yang Xianhua , Pu Linjie , Shen Sha
Published: January 2024

Although the threat of COVID-19 has dramatically diminished, its far-reaching impact on college students cannot be ignored. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of how life stress affects the mental health of college students in the post-epidemic era and the underlying mechanism, this study measured the life stress, core psychological capital, potential psychological capital, and mental health of 1497 college students in western China. The results show that life stress is essential in predicting college students' mental health; the core psychological capital and potential psychological capital mediated the relationship between life stress and mental health. These findings enrich the stress theory and reveal the mechanisms by which life stress hurts the mental health of college students, filling a gap in the previous literature. In practical application, this study provides important implications for school administrators to take adequate measures to improve college students' mental health.
Nursing students’ approaches to learning in selected Malawian nursing schools: a cross- sectional study
Authors: Chitokoto Dalitso Zolowere , Mbirimtengerenji Noel Dzinnenani , Kululanga Lucy Ida
Published: January 2024

Background
- Students’ approaches to learning are of essence in nursing education. This is because nursing is a profession where classroom learning leads to clinical performance. Although the literature recognizes student’s approaches to learning as a significant aspect affecting the quality of students’ learning, studies suggest that quality of learning has not been highly achieved in Malawian nursing colleges. Currently, there is a scarcity of empirical data on the learning approaches that Malawian nursing and midwifery technician students in nursing colleges employ. This study assessed the different approaches to learning among nursing and midwifery technician students in selected Malawian nursing colleges.
Methods
– This was a cross- sectional study that employed quantitative methods. The target population was nursing and midwifery technician students from Nkhoma College of Nursing, Ekwendeni College of Health Sciences and Malawi College of Health Sciences. A total of 251 students were sampled randomly from the three nursing colleges. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) by Biggs. The data was analyzed using chi-square and binary logistic regression. In this study Cronbach’s alpha was 0.6.
Results
- Most students had used a deep approach to learning (M = 3.201, SD = 0.623) than the surface approach (M = 2.757, SD = 0.732). Being in the age category of 16–20 had more likelihood of adopting a surface approach to learning compared to other age categories (X2 = 7.669, DF 2, P = .02). Students from Malawi College of Health Sciences were more likely to adopt a surface approach to learning compared to students from Nkhoma Nursing College and Ekwendeni College of Health Sciences (X2 = 12.388, df = 2, P = .002).
Conclusion
A deep approach to learning emerged as the most preferred approach to learning which indirectly implies that most students attain meaningful learning. Age and environment are some of the key determinants associated with different learning approaches. More attention should be given to younger students during teaching and learning to promote deep learning.
Clinical outcomes and optical performance of a new segmental refractive extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens
Authors: Amaro David Rua , Bertelmann Eckart , von Sonnleithner Christoph
Published: January 2024

Background
The visual performance and the optical quality of a segmental refractive extended depth-of-focus (EDoF) intraocular lens (IOL) were evaluated in a prospective, single-arm, single-center study.
Methods
A total of 20 patients (40 eyes) after bilateral implantation of the refractive segmental EDoF Acunex Vario AN6V were included. Assessment procedure: refraction outcome, monocular and binocular uncorrected (UCVA) and distance-corrected visual acuity (DCVA), defocus curve, contrast sensitivity (CS), higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and patient satisfaction were evaluated 1 and 3 months after surgery.
Results
At 3-month follow-up, mean spherical equivalent was − 0.23 ± 0.32 D. Binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (VA) at distance, intermediate and near was − 0.08 ± 0.06 logMAR at 4 m, -0.03 ± 0.06 logMAR at 66 cm and 0.16 ± 0.06 logMAR at 40 cm, respectively. The binocular defocus curve showed a VA better than 0.20 logMAR over a range from + 1.50 to − 2.45 D. Contrast sensitivity aligned with monofocal lenses, highlighting the lens's clinical value. Aberrometry showed minimal changes in corneal aberrations. NEI-RQL-42-Questionnaire showed a high patient satisfaction for daily activities and revealed reduced dependence on glasses, particularly for near and intermediate vision. The Acunex Vario AN6V demonstrated minimal dysphotopsias, making it a promising option for those seeking spectacle independence.
Conclusion
This segmental refractive EDoF IOL provides a high degree of spectacle independence for far and intermediate distances with functional near VA. Although inducing residual coma aberrations, it showed subjectively good results with little dysphotopsias.
Trial registration
This study protocol was reviewed and approved by ethics committee of Charité University, Berlin, Germany, with approval number EA4/126/20.
The effect of sexual behavior on HIV-1 seroconversion is mediated by the gut microbiome and proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Peddada Shyamal , Lin Huang , Chen Yue , Arbor Grace , Price Meaghan , Morris Alison , Sun Jing , Palella Frank , Chew Kara , Brown Todd , Rinaldo Charles
Published: January 2024

The association between HIV-1 seroconversion and gut dysbiosis is well documented, and its association with sexual activity is also widely recognized. However, it is not known whether the gut dysbiosis mediates the effects of high-risk sexual behavior on HIV-1 seroconversion. In this report we focused on men who engaged in high-risk sexual behavior where they had receptive anal intercourse with multiple men. We demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines, sCD14 and sCD163, and gut microbiota mediate the effects of this high-risk sexual behavior on subsequent HIV seroconversion. We discovered changes in the gut microbial ecology, prior to seroconversion, both in terms of the composition as well as inter-relationships among the commensal species. Furthermore, these changes correlate with future HIV seroconversion. Specifically, as the number of sexual partners increased, we discovered in a “dose-response” manner, a decrease in the abundance of commensal and short-chain fatty acid-producing species, A. muciniphila, B. caccae, B. fragilis, B. uniformis, Bacteroides spp., Butyricimonas spp., and Odoribacter spp, and an increase in proinflammatory species Dehalobacterium spp. and Methanobrevibacter spp. These changes were also observed among subsequent HIV seroconverters. Interestingly, we also discovered a reduction in correlations among these commensal and short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria in a “dose-response” manner with the number of sexual partners. Our mediation analysis not only provides a conceptual model for the disease process but also provides clues for future clinical interventions that will manipulate the gut microbiota to treat high-risk subjects to prevent HIV seroconversion.
Ezrin Thr567 phosphorylation participates in mouse oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development
Authors: Xie Huihui , Xia Tiandong , Zhang Bochao , Cui Jiankun , Pan Fuqiang , Qian Wei , Yi Qing , Han Mengdi , Jia Yuke , Liao Hongyan , Cao Meng , Li Yanqiuhong , Li Yunsheng , Fang Fugui , Zhang Yunhai , Ling Yinghui , Liu Ya
Published: January 2024

Background
Ezrin is a membrane-cytoskeleton linker, involved in cell polarization, cell migration, cell division, signal transduction and some other cellular activities that play an important role in oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development. The phosphorylation of Thr567 is an important way to activate ezrin, it has been proved that p-ezrin Thr567 is expressed in oocytes and pre-implantation embryos in mouse. However, little is known about the impact of inhibiting ezrin Thr567 phosphorylation on oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development.
Methods
NSC668394 is a small molecule that specifically inhibits the phosphorylation of ezrin Thr567. Here, we investigated the effects of inhibiting ezrin Thr567 phosphorylation with NSC668394 on the mouse oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development.
Conclusion
The results show that adding NSC668394 to the in vitro culture medium significantly lowed mouse embryos development competence after 8-cell stage (P < 0.05). Further experiments revealed that inhibiting ezrin Thr567 phosphorylation during in vitro maturation or in vitro fertilization not only decreased the maturation rate and fertilization rate of mouse oocytes, but also reduced early embryos development competence after 8-cell stage. Microinjection of mRNA encoding ezrin T567D mutant partially rescued the developmental defects of mouse oocytes, fertilization, and early embryonic development caused by NSC668394. These results indicate that ezrin Thr567 phosphorylation plays an important role in mouse oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryo development.
Characteristics, Management and Outcomes of Primary Hyperparathyroidism from 2009 to 2021: a single centre report from South Africa.
Authors: Govind Kamal , Paruk Imran M. , Motala Ayesha A.
Published: January 2024

Background: There has been a notable shift towards the diagnosis of less severe and asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in developed countries. However, there is a paucity of recent data from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and also, no reported data from SSA on the utility of intra-operative parathyroid hormone (IO-PTH) monitoring. In an earlier study from Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH), Durban, South Africa (2003–2009), majority of patients (92.9%) had symptomatic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical profile and management outcomes of patients presenting with PHPT at IALCH.Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with PHPT attending the Endocrinology clinic at IALCH between July 2009 and December 2021. Clinical presentation, laboratory results, radiologic findings, surgical notes and histology were recorded.Results: Analysis included 110 patients (87% female) with PHPT. Median age at presentation was 57 (44; 67.5) years. Symptomatic disease was present in 62.7% (n:69); 20.9% (n:23) had a history of nephrolithiasis and 7.3% (n:8) presented with previous fragility fractures. Mean serum calcium was 2.87 ± 0.34 mmol/l; median serum-PTH was 23.3 (15.59;45.38) pmol/l, alkaline phosphatase 117.5 (89;145.5) U/l and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D 42.9 (33.26;62.92) nmol/l. Sestamibi scan (n:106 patients) identified an adenoma in 83.02%. Parathyroidectomy was performed on 84 patients with a cure rate of 95.2%. Reasons for conservative management (n:26) included: no current surgical indication (n:7), refusal (n:5) or deferral of surgery (n:5), loss to follow-up (n:5) and assessed as high anaesthetic risk (n:4). IO-PTH measurements performed on 28 patients indicated surgical success in 100%, based on Miami criteria. Histology confirmed adenoma in 88.1%, hyperplasia in 7.1% and carcinoma in 4.8%. Post-operative hypocalcaemia developed in 30 patients (35.7%), of whom, 14 developed hungry bone syndrome (HBS). In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors associated with HBS included male sex (OR 7.01; 95% CI 1.28, 38.39; p 0.025) and elevated pre-operative PTH (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00, 1.02; p 0.008)Conclusions: The proportion of asymptomatic PHPT has increased at this centre over the past decade but symptomatic disease remains the dominant presentation. Parathyroidectomy is curative in the majority of patients. IO-PTH monitoring is valuable in ensuring successful surgery.
High histone crotonylation modification in bovine fibroblasts promotes cell proliferation and the developmental efficiency of preimplantation nuclear transfer embryos
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Du Mengxin , Wu Shanshan , Du Zhiwen , Liu Shuqin , Yang Lei , Ma Haoran , Zhang Liguo , Song Lishuang , Bai Chunling , Su Guanghua , Li Guangpeng
Published: January 2024

Lysin crotonylation (Kcr), a recently discovered histone acylation modification, is intricately related to gene expression, cell proliferation, maintenance of stem cell pluripotency, and regulation of various biological processes, symbolizing gene transcriptional activity. During cell culture, the introduction of exogenous croconic acid disodium salt (Nacr) has been shown to modulate intracellular Kcr levels. While research on Kcr has proliferated, its role in cell growth and proliferation and potential regulatory mechanisms remains elusive compared to histone methylation and acetylation. Our investigation indicated that addition of 5 mM Nacr to cultured bovine fibroblasts improved the expression of genes associated with Kcr modification, ultimately promoting cell growth and stimulating cell proliferation. Donor cells cultured in 5 mM Nacr resulted in 38.1% blastocyst development of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos, which was significantly higher than the control group (25.2%). This study is of great significance to reveal the crotonylation modification mechanism in fibroblast proliferation, so as to enhance the efficiency of somatic cell transfer.
Design of a circular tapered dielectric rod antenna for sub-THz applications
Authors: Adjeroud Faiza Mayouf , Laib Salah Eddine , Grid Hadjer , Mayouf Abdelhalim , Ayad Mouloud , Devers Thierry , Aittou Rania , Souissi Zahra
Published: January 2024

This article describes the design of a circular tapered dielectric rod antenna in the sub-terahertz (sub-THz) frequency range. The antenna is designed on a Taconic TLT-8 substrate with dimensions of 0.563mm x 0.563mm x 4.948mm. The advantages of this antenna include compactness, low loss characteristics, and ultra-wide bandwidth. The design considerations for sub-THz dielectric antennas, specifically addressing substrate selection and dielectric properties, geometric design parameters, feeding techniques, and polarization considerations. These design considerations have a significant impact on the performance and radiation characteristics of the antenna. The results obtained clearly show that the designed antenna meets all the requirements over the entire frequency band.
Oral antivirals for COVID-19 among patients with cancer
Authors: Guermazi Dorra , Arvanitis Panos , Vieira Kendra , Warner Jeremy L. , Farmakiotis Dimitrios
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
Immunocompromised individuals, such as those diagnosed with cancer, are at a significantly higher risk for severe illness and mortality when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) than the general population. Two oral antiviral treatments are approved for COVID-19: Paxlovid® (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) and Lagevrio® (molnupiravir). There is a paucity of data regarding the benefit from these antivirals among immunocompromised patients with cancer, and recent studies have questioned their efficacy among vaccinated patients, even those with risk factors for severe COVID-19.
Methods:
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir in preventing severe illness and death using our database of 457 patients with cancer and COVID-19 from Brown University-affiliated hospitals. 67 patients received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or molnupiravir and were compared to 56 concurrent controls who received no antiviral treatment despite being eligible to receive it.
Results:
Administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or molnupiravir was associated with improved survival and lower 90-day all-cause and COVID-19-attributed mortality (p<0.05) and with lower peak O2 requirements (ordinal odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92-2.56).
Conclusion:
Acknowledging the small size of our sample as a limitation, we concluded that early antiviral treatment might be beneficial to immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with cancer, when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Larger-scale, well-stratified studies are needed in this patient population.