bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injuries and diseases in top professional watersports athletes
Authors: Takhavieva F V
Published: April 2015

On the eve of the World Swimming Championship in 2015, which will be held in Russia, a review of literature analyzing injuries and diseases in top professional watersports athletes that may be acquired at competitions is presented. Modern professional sport is characterized by an intense training process, is highly competitive on the international level. Setting each new sports record becomes more and more complex. Top professional sport is associated with risk of injury, and the proper organization of biomedical support of training and competitive process is the key to reducing the incidence of injuries in sports. Literature review allowed making the following conclusions. Firstly, insufficient attention was paid to the registration of injuries in specific sports and their classification if occurred not only during competitions, but also during the training period. Secondly, during competitions the number of injuries increases in all watersports except synchronized swimming. Thirdly, the most traumatic sport is water polo, where most injuries occur during competitive activities. Fourthly, Watersports World Championships are associated with increased risk for diseases, although already implemented preventive measures reduced the incidence of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Fifthly, there is a need for further thorough study of the injuries and diseases frequencies to create preventive and rehabilitation measures in athletes involved in water sports. Thus, injuries and diseases are a significant risk for the health of athletes involved in water sports. All medical professionals involved in providing medical aid at the sporting competitions should know the specific features of injuries and diseases common for the certain sporting competitions, and develop the preventive measures.
Using modern information technologies for sanitary and epidemiologic well-being maintenance during mass events with international participation
Authors: Patyashina M A , Yuzlibaeva L R
Published: April 2015

Aim. To assess the system for registration and account of infectious and parasitic diseases in Republic of Tatarstan useing software products for epidemiological situation managing, sanitary-and-epidemiologic emergencies prevention, hazards of infectious diseases onset and spreading that might be potentially dangerous for participants, visitors and local residents during XXVII Worldwide Universiade 2013 in Kazan.Methods. Statistical forms №1 and №2 «Data on infectious and parasitic diseases» in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period of 2004 to 2013, 058/у forms (emergency notifications), «Infectious diseases registry» (journal №60) were used for data gaining. To analyze the prevalence of the diseases, software products («Population disease prevalence analysis»), «Social and hygienic monitoring» - «Krista» automated system, «Automated information system of epidemiological survey and emergencies prevention in the sphere of public healthcare during the 2013 Universiade» («Epidemiological safety» automated information system) software were used. Methods of epidemiological diagnosis and common methods of variance analysis (calculations of relative and mean values, statistical series analysis and statistical significance assessment) were used.Results. Retrospective epidemiological analysis of infectious and parasitic diseases in Republic of Tatarstan and in Kazan city, monitoring of background epidemiological conditions in Kazan city using the «Population disease prevalence analysis» software products and «Krista» automated system, as well as on-stream epidemiological analysis of infectious and parasitic diseases prevalence among participants, visitors of the 2013 Kazan Universiade by introducing the «Epidemiological safety» automated information system increased the epidemiological diagnosis quality, allowed to timely identify epidemiological deviations, provide targeted sanitary and anti-epidemic measures and to assess their effect. Continuous interaction between the Tatarstan Regional Agency of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Russian scientific and research institute for fighting plaque «Mikrob», Hygiene and epidemiology Center of the Republic of Tatarstan and healthcare institutions was provided during the 2013 Universiade.Conclusion. Complex use of modern information technologies and introduction of «Epidemiological safety» automated information system while carrying out the 2013 Universiade allowed to completely implement the targeted management and technologic tasks for infective and parasitic diseases prevalence monitoring.
Revista nº 15
Authors: Direito Revista
Published: April 2015

Revista Direito, Estado e Sociedade
Revista nº 21
Authors: Direito Revista
Published: April 2015

Revista Direito, Estado e Sociedade
Versão Completa - 25
Authors: Direito Revista
Published: April 2015

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Revisão da doutrina dos limites ao poder de reforma na Constituição de 1988 (reflexões a partir do estudo de dois casos)
Authors: Leite Fabio Carvalho
Published: April 2015

A doutrina constitucional brasileira tem apresentado um rol exaustivo de limites ao poder de reforma da Constituição de 1988, o que permitiria concluir, contrario sensu, que qualquer emenda que não violasse nenhum destes limites seria necessariamente constitucional. O presente trabalho dirige uma crítica a esta premissa, ou seja, ao caráter exaustivo deste rol de limites tal como apresentado pela doutrina, a partir da análise de situações de alteração constitucional que, embora não contrariem tais limites, seriam, no mínimo, de constitucionalidade duvidosa.
NOTÍCIAS E INFORMAÇÕES
Authors: Direito Revista
Published: April 2015

Resumos das dissertações e teses defendidas no 1º semestre de 2007 no âmbito dos Programas de Pós-Graduação (Mestrado e Doutorado) em Teoria do Estado e Direito Constitucional do Departamento de Direito da PUC-Rio.
Filosofia do direito, modernidade e religião
Authors: Oliveira Maria Lúcia Paula
Published: April 2015

O artigo pretende investigar a correlação entre filosofia do direito, modernidade e religião no pensamento contemporâneo. Para tanto, inicia-se com o enfoque do pensamento pós-moderno, apresentando, de forma sintética, as concepções de Rawls, Habermas, Ricoeur e Taylor. Apresentar-se-á ainda a posição da Igreja Católica, a partir da última Encíclica Papal. Vislumbra-se que a modernidade filosófica não é incompatível com a religião e a forma como a questão repercute na filosofia do direito.
Sustentabilidade empresarial: a questão socioambiental sob a ótica da análise econômica do direito
Authors: Machado Martins André Luis Agner , Razuk Nahima Peron Coelho
Published: April 2015

O atual contexto econômico apresenta um dos grandes paradoxos contemporâneos. Diante da expectativa e necessidade de um crescimento econômico, aliado aos necessários investimentos alocados junto aos setores produtivos, a sociedade depara-se com um sistema jurídico de proteção socioambiental. O desafio dos agentes econômicos, público ou privados, está na promoção de suas atividades empresariais e estabelecimento de um mercado preferencialmente concorrencial, o qual, simultaneamente deverá enfrentar as novas demandas socioambientais. O presente artigo pretende compreender este conflito, verificar seus efeitos e a possibilidade de enfrentá-lo através da chamada Análise Econômica do Direito. Trata-se de método que encontra raízes na ciência econômica como uma resposta à abstração e subjetividade verificada nas correntes teóricas jusnaturalistas e juspositivistas, as quais nem sempre consideraram o elemento da eficácia quando da compreensão do universo jurídico. Este enfrentamento demonstrará que o viés puro econômico deverá perceber e recepcionar a chamada demanda socioambiental moderna, tradicionalmente registrada no cenário empresarial como tradeoff; uma externalidade ocasionadora de aumento dos custos de transação, capaz de afastar parte dos agentes econômicos, os quais tendem a maximizar seus lucros.
Can polar bears use terrestrial foods to offset lost ice‐based hunting opportunities?
Authors: Rode Karyn D , Robbins Charles T , Nelson Lynne , Amstrup Steven C
Published: April 2015

Increased land use by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) due to climate‐change‐induced reduction of their sea‐ice habitat illustrates the impact of climate change on species distributions and the difficulty of conserving a large, highly specialized carnivore in the face of this global threat. Some authors have suggested that terrestrial food consumption by polar bears will help them withstand sea‐ice loss as they are forced to spend increasing amounts of time on land. Here, we evaluate the nutritional needs of polar bears as well as the physiological and environmental constraints that shape their use of terrestrial ecosystems. Only small numbers of polar bears have been documented consuming terrestrial foods even in modest quantities. Over much of the polar bear's range, limited terrestrial food availability supports only low densities of much smaller, resident brown bears (Ursus arctos), which use low‐quality resources more efficiently and may compete with polar bears in these areas. Where consumption of terrestrial foods has been documented, polar bear body condition and survival rates have declined even as land use has increased. Thus far, observed consumption of terrestrial food by polar bears has been insufficient to offset lost ice‐based hunting opportunities but can have ecological consequences for other species. Warming‐induced loss of sea ice remains the primary threat faced by polar bears.
Extensional tectonics in the Hercynian Armorican belt (France). An overview
Authors: Gapais Denis , Brun Jean-Pierre , Gumiaux Charles , Cagnard Florence , Ruffet Gilles , Le Carlier De Veslud Christian
Published: April 2015

A synthesis of existing geological, structural and geophysical data shows that the south Armorican Hercynian belt was marked by syn-convergence crustal thinning and dextral wrenching that were in part coeval in late Carboniferous times. Our kinematic model is further supported by new structural data and 40Ar/39Ar ages on synkinematic leucogranites. Extension and strike-slip followed earlier crustal thickening and exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic units in late Devonian-early Carboniferous times. Crustal extension led to the development of core complexes cored by migmatites and crust-derived granite laccoliths. At this time, the South Armorican shear zone acted as a transfer zone separating the extending domain of South Brittany from the non-extending domain of Central Brittany submitted to dextral wrenching. The overall structural pattern and attached kinematics are compared with recent numerical models and illustrated by a 3D interpretative model that integrates geological and deep seismic reflection data (ARMOR 2 profile).
Structure of the Paleozoic basement in the Senegalo-Mauritanian basin (West Africa)
Authors: Villeneuve Michel , Fournier François , Cirilli Simonetta , Spina Amalia , Ndiaye Matar , Zamba Juste , Viseur Sophie , Borgomano Jean , Ngom Papa Malik
Published: April 2015

The interpretation of 2D seismic surveys from the Senegalo-Mauritanian basement and the reappraisal of rock-samples from oil exploration drillings provide new insights into the structure of the Appalachian-Mauritanian belts and the overlying Carboniferous and Permian basins. Two different units have been evidenced below the Mesozoic sedimentary cover : a lower unit (Unit 1 : basement) and an upper unit (Unit 2 : Late Palaeozoic basins). Unit 1 shows two distinct tectonic areas : the northern area with two different belts evidenced on both sides of the Senegalese block and the southern area exhibiting various tilted blocks making part of the Palaeozoic (Ordovician to Devonian) Bové basin. In the northern area the Western Thrust Belt is thrust over the Senegalese block while to the east, the so-called Mauritanian belt is thrusted over the West African craton. In the Mauritanian belt area, the youngest deformed sediments belonging to the outcropping Bove basin are Famennian in age. The Mauritanian inner belt underwent two tectono-metamorphic events (circa 330 and 270 Ma). Unit 2 which is unconformably capping both the Western Thrust Belt and the southern tilted blocks of the Paleozoic Bové basin (Casamance basin) is locally affected by eastward and westward-verging thrusts. Unit 2 is dated to the Early Permian by palynomorphs, and could have formed between the early (340–320 Ma) and late (270 Ma) Variscan tectonic events.

The subsurface Late Palaeozoic basins from Senegal and Mauritania are interpreted as intra Variscan belt basins, similar to those suspected by seismic investigations off shore Guinea and Mauritania.
Pressure-Transient Tests and Flow Regimes in Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Kuchuk Fikri , Biryukov Denis
Published: April 2015

Fractures are common features in many well-known reservoirs. Naturally fractured reservoirs include fractured igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks (matrix). Faults in many naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs often have high-permeability zones, and are connected to numerous fractures that have varying conductivities. Furthermore, in many naturally fractured reservoirs, faults and fractures can be discrete (rather than connected-network dual-porosity systems).

In this paper, we investigate the pressure-transient behavior of continuously and discretely naturally fractured reservoirs with semianalytical solutions. These fractured reservoirs can contain periodically or arbitrarily distributed finite- and/or infinite-conductivity fractures with different lengths and orientations. Unlike the single-derivative shape of the Warren and Root (1963) model, fractured reservoirs exhibit diverse pressure behaviors as well as more than 10 flow regimes. There are seven important factors that dominate the pressure-transient test as well as flow-regime behaviors of fractured reservoirs: (1) fractures intersect the wellbore parallel to its axis, with a dipping angle of 90° (vertical fractures), including hydraulic fractures; (2) fractures intersect the wellbore with dipping angles from 0° to less than 90°; (3) fractures are in the vicinity of the wellbore; (4) fractures have extremely high or low fracture and fault conductivities; (5) fractures have various sizes and distributions; (6) fractures have high and low matrix block permeabilities; and (7) fractures are damaged (skin zone) as a result of drilling and completion operations and fluids. All flow regimes associated with these factors are shown for a number of continuously and discretely fractured reservoirs with different well and fracture configurations. For a few cases, these flow regimes were compared with those from the field data. We performed history matching of the pressure-transient data generated from our discretely and continuously fractured reservoir models with the Warren and Root (1963) dual-porosity-type models, and it is shown that they yield incorrect reservoir parameters.
Protecting Quality and Integrity of Turfgrass Surfaces During Non‐Sporting Events with Portable Roadways
Authors: Tencza Brian , Henderson Jason , Guillard Karl
Published: April 2015

Many current sports venues routinely host non‐sporting events that require vehicular traffic over playing surfaces. These events often occur during the season of play and are a challenge to sports turf managers to protect the playing surface. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of portable roadways on: (i) turfgrass performance (percent cover, color, and quality), (ii) playing surface characteristics (surface hardness and rotational traction), (iii) soil physical properties (volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, total porosity), and (iv) soil displacement. Six protection systems were evaluated for multiple cover periods (three, six, and nine days): (i) 0.75 inch plywood (two layers), (ii) Enkamat Plus and plywood (two layers), (iii) Enkamat Flatback and plywood (two layers), (iv) Supa‐Trac, (v) Terratrak Plus, and (vi) none. An untrafficked uncovered control was also included. This study was conducted on a mixed stand of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during year 1 and on a monostand of Kentucky bluegrass during year 2. Vehicular traffic was imposed using a truck that would be similar in weight to those used in preparing for a non‐sporting event (gross vehicle weight rating [GVWR] of 20,000 lbs). Minimal differences in percent cover were observed after the three day cover period. As the cover duration increased, Terratrak Plus and Supa‐Trac retained better color and cover than all the plywood treatments. Terratrak Plus retained the best color after six and nine days. The plywood treatments provided the best protection against displacement and compaction given the load range tested.
3D DWT-DCT and Logistic MAP Based Robust Watermarking for Medical Volume Data
Authors: Li Jingbing , Liu Yaoli , Zhong Jiling
Published: April 2015

Applying digital watermarking technique for the security protection of medical information systems is a hotspot of research in recent years. In this paper, we present a robust watermarking algorithm for medical volume data using 3D DWT-DCT and Logistic Map. After applying Logistic Map to enhance the security of watermarking, the visual feature vector of medical volume data is obtained using 3D DWT-DCT. Combining the feature vector, the third party concept and Hash function, a zero-watermarking scheme can be achieved. The proposed algorithm can mitigate the illogicality between robustness and invisibility. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to common and geometrical attacks.
Initiatives in South Africa to enhance the prescribing of generic proton pump inhibitors: findings and implications
Authors: Truter Ilse , Shankar Sushma , Bennie Marion , Woerkom Menno van , Godman Brian
Published: April 2015

Background:
There have been multiple reforms in South Africa to conserve resources including policies to enhance generic use, such as compulsory generic substitution and copayments. However, there are concerns with the limited knowledge of their impact.
Objective:
The objective was to determine utilization and expenditure of different proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).
Methodology:
A retrospective drug utilization study was conducted on a prescription database of a medical aid administrator in 2010.
Results:
The limited prescribing of single-sourced PPIs accounted for 21.5% of total prescriptions. The limited use of originators omeprazole and lansoprazole accounted for 1.8 and 1.4% of total prescriptions for the molecule, respectively. Generic prices accounted for 36–68% of the originator in 2010. Patients received on average 2.91 PPI prescriptions during the year.
Conclusion:
Policies to enhance prescribing of generics appear working. Opportunities exist to further lower generic prices given low prices in some European countries.
EORTC QLQ-BR23 and FACT-B for the assessment of quality of life in patients with breast cancer: a literature review
Authors: Nguyen Jasmine , Popovic Marko , Chow Edward , Cella David , Beaumont Jennifer L , Chu Dominic , DiGiovanni Julia , Lam Henry , Pulenzas Natalie , Bottomley Andrew
Published: April 2015

Background:
This study aims to compare the development, characteristics and validity of two widely used tools in the breast cancer population, the EORTC QLQ-BR23 and the FACT-B.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE, Embase, Embase Classic and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify relevant studies.
Results:
Both tools were found to be reliable and valid. The QLQ-BR23 focuses on physical function, whereas the FACT-B emphasizes emotional well-being. Scoring, item format, organization and response options differ between questionnaires.
Conclusion:
Overall, both questionnaires are effective in assessing breast cancer-specific quality of life. Clear similarities and differences between the two tools exist. Decision-making between the questionnaires should be based on the purpose and design of the study.
Evaluating patient and stakeholder engagement in research: moving from theory to practice
Authors: Esmail Laura , Moore Emily , Rein Alison
Published: April 2015

Despite the growing demand for research that engages stakeholders, there is limited evidence in the literature to demonstrate its value – or return on investment. This gap indicates a general lack of evaluation of engagement activities. To adequately inform engagement activities, we need to further investigate the dividends of engaged research, and how to evaluate these effects. This paper synthesizes the literature on hypothesized impacts of engagement, shares what has been evaluated and identifies steps needed to reduce the gap between engagement's promises and the underlying evidence supporting its practice. This assessment provides explicit guidance for better alignment of engagement's promised benefits with evaluation efforts and identifies specific areas for development of evaluative measures and better reporting processes.
Histological alterations under metal exposure in gills of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) from Topolnitsa Reservoir (Bulgaria)
Authors: Georgieva Еlenka , Yancheva Vesela , Velcheva Iliana , Becheva Maria , Stoyanova Stela
Published: April 2015

Topolnitsa Reservoir is located in a region of Bulgaria rich in copper mines
where intensive mining has been ongoing for several decades. General data on
the ecological status of the reservoir and the effects of metal on fish is
relatively scarce. The first aim of the study was to measure the
concentrations of six metals (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in water samples and
in the gills of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). The second objective
was to examine gill structure and determine the severity of histological
alteration as a result of metal exposure. Surface water and fish gill samples
were collected in spring, summer and autumn in 2012 and metal and
histological analyses were performed. Metal concentrations in the water
samples varied, but only Cu concentrations were determined in all three
seasons and they were higher than the maximum permissible levels. The gill
metal concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) than in the water.
Examination of gill structure revealed the presence of proliferative and
degenerative changes, as well as changes in the blood vessels. Histological
lesions were similar in their severity in all three seasons. This study
provides the first information about metal effects on the morphology of
European perch gills from Topolnitsa Reservoir. It can be concluded that the
metal contamination of the Topolnitsa Reservoir and fish is chronic and that
it can negatively affect the structure and function of fish gills. As metals
display a tendency to accumulate in fish gills, their effects are expected to
become more severe with time, as they affect gill functions.

 This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/ABS1801215E
Construction of consent: Everyday life and spatial strategies of neoliberalism
Authors: Marinkovic Dusan , Ristic Dusan
Published: April 2015

In this paper the authors analyze the neoliberalism through its spatial
strategies in daily life. We assume that, despite the fact that it is
impossible to find a consistent theoretical determination of neoliberalism
and that there is no unique strategy of the application of neoliberal
practices, hegemonic discourse of neoliberalism is articulated through the
urban practices which in daily life are imposed as something ?natural?, as a
?normalizing? discourse - as hegemonic common sense. Furthermore, the authors
provide evidence for the hypothesis that global presence of gentrification as
a key spatial strategy of neoliberalism is a strategy for the renewal of the
urban geography of class power as well as the presupposition for future class
conflicts. Neoliberalism signifies radicalization of theoretical assumptions
of classical liberalism and reproduction of them in everyday life, through
the strategies and practices of established social relations. In conclusion,
it is stated that this self-reproduction of neoliberalism has simultaneously
influenced the erosion of class subjectiveness as well as other forms of
traditional collective subjectivenesses and contributed to the possibility of
the formation of new subjectivities of resistance.
Observation as a method within the context of the debate about quantitative and qualitative approach
Authors: Ilic Vladimir
Published: April 2015

Quantitative and qualitative orientations, as dominant in contemporary
methodology of social sciences, are based on different forms, parts and
types, data. They have their own epistemological specificity. They
disintegrate classical sociological methods, such as observation, reducing
their penetration and thus reducing the cognitive potential of sociology,
while increasing the possibility of its use for ideological purposes.
Observation methodologically disintegrates through a normal binding of its
participatory forms for qualitative methodology, and structured observation,
systematic observation and quantification in the application of observation
solely for the quantitative methodology. This article analyzes the degree of
justification of such methodological views. Moreover, it examines the efforts
to implement diverse mixed or combined strategies with quantitative and
qualitative strategy, with particular reference to their impact on
observation as a method. The article also points to the relationship of
induction, supposedly inherent to qualitative orientation, and deduction,
that the literature associates with a quantitative orientation, the
possibility of application of observations in social sciences.
Characteristics of Norovirus infection in Serbia
Authors: Relic Tijana , Begovic-Lazarevic Ivana , Pavlovic Nevenka , Ilic Nevenka , Kacarevic Hranislav , Jovanovic Dara , Kostic Gordana , Lazarevic Ivana
Published: April 2015

Background/Aim. Norovirus (NoV), formerly Norwalk-like virus is the most
common cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans of all ages. It is known that
90% of viral gastroenteritis and about 60-85% of all outbreaks of
gastroenteritis, especially in the territory of United States of America,
Europe and Japan are caused by this virus. For the countries of the northern
hemisphere, individual cases and outbreaks of acute NoV gastroenteritis
appear in seasonal pattern, mainly during the winter months. The aim of this
study was to describe characteristics of acute gastroenteritis with the
established NoV etiology in Serbia. Methods. The study group included 88
patients with the symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, throughout the year 2010
and 2011. From all the patients, stool samples were taken less than three
days from the onset of symptoms. Detection of NoV in stool samples was
performed by commercial qualitative immuno-chromatography assay. Statistical
analysis included application of ?2 test, Mann-Whitney U-test,
Kruskal-Wallis's test, Spearman?s rank correlation test and logistic
regression analysis. Results. Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis caused by
NoV were recorded to be the most common in children with the incidence of
infection of 50% in the age group 0-15 years. Analysis of individual symptoms
in the NoV proven infection, showed that diarrhea was the most common
symptom, followed by vomiting especially in small children, while abdominal
pain was most common in elderly (? 65 years). The presence of frequent
vomiting, more than 4 times/day, indicated NoV infection in the women, while
for men the infection was always presented with diarrhea. Conclusion. The
obtained results confirmed that small children and elderly are the most
susceptible to NoV infection and that out-breaks are more frequent in the
winter months. Those who consumed food in restaurants and other public
facilities were not at higher risk for NoV infection.
Treatment of a large radicular cyst - enucleation or decompression?
Authors: Matijevic Stevo , Jovicic Bojan , Bubalo Marija , Dukic Smiljka , Cutovic Tatjana
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Radicular cysts treatment involves surgical approach, more or
less aggressive. However, treatment of large cystic lesions, including
radicular cysts, causes some of dilemmas concerning the choice of the
surgical method, especially the degree of radicalism. Case report. We
presented a 65-year-old male patient with large radicular cyst in the
mandible. A large elliptical multilocular radiolucency, located in the left
side of the mandible, being in close vicinity to the mandibular canal, was
registered at the orthopantomographic radiography. There was a risk of
pathological fracture of the mandible. However, the cyst was completely
removed by enucleation without intraoperative and postoperative
complications. Conclusion. The presented case support the opinion that
careful enucleation of large mandibular cysts may be done without
complications, such as damages of surrounding anatomical structures or
mandibular fracture. The authors indicate reasons for strong support of the
undertaken surgical approach of treating large radicular cysts in the
mandible.
Maximum principal strain as a criterion for prediction of orthodontic mini-implants failure in subject-specific finite element models
Authors: Albogha Mhd Hassan , Kitahara Toru , Todo Mitsugu , Hyakutake Hiroto , Takahashi Ichiro
Published: April 2015

Objective: 

To investigate the most reliable stress or strain parameters in subject-specific finite element (FE) models to predict success or failure of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs).

Materials and Methods: 

Subject-specific FE analysis was applied to 28 OMIs used for anchorage. Each model was developed using two computed tomography data sets, the first taken before OMI placement and the second taken immediately after placement. Of the 28 OMIs, 6 failed during the first 5 months, and 22 were successful. The bone compartment was divided into four zones in the FE models, and peak stress and strain parameters were calculated for each. Logistic regression of the failure (vs success) of OMIs on the stress and strain parameters in the models was conducted to verify the ability of these parameters to predict OMI failure.

Results: 

Failure was significantly dependent on principal strain parameters rather than stress parameters. Peak maximum principal strain in the bone 0.5 to 1 mm from the OMI surface was the best predictor of failure (R2 = 0.8151).

Conclusions: 

We propose the use of the maximum principal strain as a criterion for predicting OMI failure in FE models.
Glucose Tolerance Is Improved in Mice Invalidated for the Nuclear Receptor HNF-4γ: A Critical Role for Enteroendocrine Cell Lineage
Authors: Baraille Floriane , Ayari Sami , Carrière Véronique , Osinski Céline , Garbin Kevin , Blondeau Bertrand , Guillemain Ghislaine , Serradas Patricia , Rousset Monique , Lacasa Michel , Cardot Philippe , Ribeiro Agnès
Published: April 2015

Intestine contributes to energy homeostasis through the absorption, metabolism, and transfer of nutrients to the organism. We demonstrated previously that hepatocyte nuclear receptor-4α (HNF-4α) controls intestinal epithelium homeostasis and intestinal absorption of dietary lipids. HNF-4γ, the other HNF-4 form highly expressed in intestine, is much less studied. In HNF-4γ knockout mice, we detect an exaggerated insulin peak and improvement in glucose tolerance during oral but not intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, highlighting the involvement of intestine. Moreover, the enteroendocrine L-type cell lineage is modified, as assessed by the increased expression of transcription factors Isl1, Foxa1/2, and Hnf4a, leading to an increase of both GLP-1–positive cell number and basal and stimulated GLP-1 plasma levels potentiating the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Using the GLP-1 antagonist exendin (9-39), we demonstrate a direct effect of GLP-1 on improved glucose tolerance. GLP-1 exerts a trophic effect on pancreatic β-cells, and we report an increase of the β-cell fraction correlated with an augmented number of proliferative islet cells and with resistance to streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In conclusion, the loss of HNF-4γ improves glucose homeostasis through a modulation of the enteroendocrine cell lineage.
Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Coping Inventory for Adults for Stressful Situations in Healthy People
Authors: Watanabe K. , Yokoyama K. , Furukawa T. A.
Published: April 2015

The present study examined the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-2nd Edition™ (CISS; hereafter the CISS–J). The participants were 1,268 healthy Japanese individuals. The factor analyses yielded three major scales (task-, emotion-, and avoidance-oriented coping) corresponding to the original version. In addition, the avoidance-oriented scale of the CISS–J contained two subscales (Distraction and Social diversion), as in the original version. Cronbach's α coefficient was found to be .75–.89 for the three scales and two subscales. Results show that the CISS–J is useful for assessing the coping strategies among this sample of Japanese individuals.
April 2015 Book Reviews
Authors: Neumann Donald
Published: April 2015

JOSPT offers invited reviews of current titles. The April 2015 column includes 5 reviews of the following books: Orthopedic Manual Therapy: Assessment and Management; Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System, Second Edition; Why Pelvic Pain Hurts: Neuroscience Education for Patients With Pelvic Pain; Therapeutic Neuroscience Education: Teaching Patients About Pain: A Guide for Clinicians; and The Adult Hip: Hip Preservation Surgery.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(4):324–328. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.45.4.324
A Systematic Review of the Measurement Properties of the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation
Authors: Mehta Saurabh P. , MacDermid Joy C. , Richardson Julie , MacIntyre Norma J. , Grewal Ruby
Published: April 2015

Study Design

Systematic review of measurement properties.

Objectives

To summarize the measurement properties of the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire.

Background

The PRWE is a region-specific outcome measure initially developed for assessing pain and function in individuals with distal radius fracture. However, subsequent research has expanded its use to other wrist/hand conditions. A systematic review of the measurement properties of the PRWE can enhance the understanding of its clinical applicability across different wrist/hand pathologies.

Methods

The MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched using predefined search terms. A hand search of the bibliography of the primary studies was performed. Studies assessing at least 1 measurement property of the PRWE, either in the English version or versions in other languages, were included in this review. Two raters performed data extraction and critical appraisal of the primary studies using standardized instruments.

Results

A total of 22 primary studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall quality of the 22 studies ranged from 38% to 88%, with 9 scoring greater than 70%. Agreement between the raters who determined the quality of the studies was 0.75 (unweighted kappa). The measurement properties of the PRWE were summarized for different wrist/hand conditions.

Conclusion

The PRWE is reliable, valid, and responsive across many wrist/hand conditions. Future studies should focus on determining values for the minimal detectable change and clinically important differences for the PRWE across different patient populations. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(4):289–298. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5236
Does Small High School Reform Lift Urban Districts? Evidence From New York City
Authors: Stiefel Leanna , Schwartz Amy Ellen , Wiswall Matthew
Published: April 2015

Research finds that small high schools deliver better outcomes than large high schools for urban students. An important outstanding question is whether this better performance is gained at the expense of losses elsewhere: Does small school reform lift the whole district? We explore New York City’s small high school reform in which hundreds of new small high schools were built in less than a decade. We use rich individual student data on four cohorts of New York City high school students and estimate effects of schools on student outcomes. Our results suggest that the introduction of small schools improved outcomes for students in all types of schools: large, small, continuously operating, and new. Small school reform lifted all boats.
The memory effect in polyolefinic products: A tool for confirming the steam sterilization process
Authors: Bajer Kamila , Braun Ulrike , Hintersteiner Ingrid
Published: April 2015

The goal of this investigation is to understand a distinctive feature observed in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of steam sterilized medical polymer products, the formation of a peak upon the first DSC heating, known as the “memory effect”. The observed phenomenon could be used to provide evidence for steam sterilization. For the investigations, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) samples were steam sterilized or thermally treated in an oven applying different conditions. Afterwards, the samples were measured by DSC. The influences of thermal treatment and mechanical stress were analyzed. In addition, various polyolefin reference materials (PE and PP) were investigated to address the influence of composition. Furthermore, the durability of the signal with respect to time and temperature effects were examined. The investigation shows that it is possible to produce a stable memory effect.
Ultraschallprüfung von Betonbauteilen – laufzeitgesteuerte Gruppenstrahler mit Punktkontaktprüfköpfen
Authors: Mielentz Frank , Feller Viktor , Krause Martin , Orglmeister Reinhold
Published: April 2015

Kurzfassung

In den letzten Jahren werden vermehrt trocken ankoppelbare Ultraschall-Punktkontaktprüfköpfe erfolgreich für Prüfaufgaben im Bauwesen angewendet. Oft werden mehrere Punktkontaktprüfköpfe in einem Gehäuse zu einer Strahlergruppe kombiniert, um die Schallbündelung zu verbessern oder um einzelne Prüfköpfe nacheinander als Sender und Empfänger zu betreiben und die Messsignale nach der Messung einer SAFT-Auswertung zuzuführen. Alternativ können die einzelnen Prüfköpfe einer solchen Gruppe laufzeitgesteuert angeregt und dadurch schon während der Messung das Prüfkopfschallfeld beeinflusst werden. Für diese Technik sind die Bezeichnungen laufzeitgesteuerte Ultraschall-Gruppenstrahler oder „Phased Array“ gebräuchlich. Mit den präsentierten Untersuchungen sollen die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Gruppenstrahlertechnik im Niederfrequenzbereich durch den Einsatz von Punktkontaktprüfköpfen verbessert werden. Dazu werden verschiedene Wellenarten eingesetzt und der Einfluss der Anordnung der Strahlerelemente im Array untersucht.
Magnetic resonance imaging of traumatic injury to the craniovertebral junction: a case-based review
Authors: Roy Anil K. , _ _ , Miller Brandon A. , Holland Christopher M. , Fountain Arthur J. , Pradilla Gustavo , Ahmad Faiz U.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is unique in the spinal column regarding the degree of multiplanar mobility allowed by its bony articulations. A network of ligamentous attachments provides stability to this junction. Although ligamentous injury can be inferred on CT scans through the utilization of craniometric measurements, the disruption of these ligaments can only be visualized directly with MRI. Here, the authors review the current literature on MRI evaluation of the CVJ following trauma and present several illustrative cases to highlight the utility and limitations of craniometric measures in the context of ligamentous injury at the CVJ.

METHODS

A retrospective case review was conducted to identify patients with cervical spine trauma who underwent cervical MRI and subsequently required occipitocervical or atlantoaxial fusion. Craniometric measurements were performed on the CT images in these cases. An extensive PubMed/MEDLINE literature search was conducted to identify publications regarding the use of MRI in the evaluation of patients with CVJ trauma.

RESULTS

The authors identified 8 cases in which cervical MRI was performed prior to operative stabilization of the CVJ. Craniometric measures did not reliably rule out ligamentous injury, and there was significant heterogeneity in the reliability of different craniometric measurements. A review of the literature revealed several case series and descriptive studies addressing MRI in CVJ trauma. Three papers reported the inadequacy of the historical Traynelis system for identifying atlantooccipital dislocation and presented 3 alternative classification schemes with emphasis on MRI findings.

CONCLUSIONS

Recognition of ligamentous instability at the CVJ is critical in directing clinical decision making regarding surgical stabilization. Craniometric measures appear unreliable, and CT alone is unable to provide direct visualization of ligamentous injury. Therefore, while the decision to obtain MR images in CVJ trauma is largely based on clinical judgment with craniometric measures used as an adjunct, a high degree of suspicion is warranted in the care of these patients as a missed ligamentous injury can have devastating consequences.
Unilateral fixation for treatment of occipitocervical instability in children with congenital vertebral anomalies of the craniocervical junction
Authors: Mazur Marcus D. , Ravindra Vijay M. , Brockmeyer Douglas L.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Patients with occipitocervical (OC) instability from congenital vertebral anomalies (CVAs) of the craniocervical junction (CCJ) often have bony abnormalities that make instrumentation placement difficult. Within this patient population, some bilateral instrumentation constructs either fail or are not feasible, and a unilateral construct must be used. The authors describe the surgical management and outcomes of this disorder in patients in whom unilateral fixation constructs were used to treat OC instability.

METHODS

From a database of OC fusion procedures, the authors identified patients who underwent unilateral fixation for the management of OC instability. Patient characteristics, surgical details, and radiographic outcomes were reviewed. In each patient, CT scans were performed at least 4 months after surgery to evaluate for fusion.

RESULTS

Eight patients with CVAs of the CCJ underwent unilateral fixation for the treatment of OC instability. For 4 patients, the procedure occurred after a bilateral OC construct failed or infection forced hardware removal. For the remainder, it was the primary procedure. Two patients required reoperation for hardware revision and 1 developed nonunion requiring revision of the bone graft. Ultimately, 7 patients demonstrated osseous fusion on CT scans and 1 had a stable fibrous union.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings demonstrate that a unilateral OC fixation is effective for the treatment of OC instability in children with CVAs of the CCJ in whom bilateral screw placement fails or is not feasible.
National trends of incidence, treatment, and hospital charges of isolated C-2 fractures in three different age groups
Authors: Kukreja Sunil , Kalakoti Piyush , Murray Richard , Nixon Menarvia , Missios Symeon , Guthikonda Bharat , Nanda Anil
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Incidence of C-2 fracture is increasing in elderly patients. Patient age also influences decision making in the management of these fractures. There are very limited data on the national trends of incidence, treatment interventions, and resource utilization in patients in different age groups with isolated C-2 fractures. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence, treatment, complications, length of stay, and hospital charges of isolated C-2 fracture in patients in 3 different age groups by using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. methods The data were obtained from NIS from 2002 to 2011. Data on patients with closed fractures of C-2 without spinal cord injury were extracted using ICD-9-CM diagnosis code 805.02. Patients with isolated C-2 fractures were identified by excluding patients with other associated injuries. The cohort was divided into 3 age groups: < 65 years, 65–80 years, and > 80 years. Incidence, treatment characteristics, inpatient/postoperative complications, and hospital charges (mean and total annual charges) were compared between the 3 age groups.

RESULTS

A total of 10,336 patients with isolated C-2 fractures were identified. The majority of the patients were in the very elderly age group (> 80 years; 42.3%) followed by 29.7% in the 65- to 80-year age group and 28% in < 65-year age group. From 2002 to 2011, the incidence of hospitalization significantly increased in the 65- to 80-year and > 80-year age groups (p < 0.001). However, the incidence did not change substantially in the < 65-year age group (p = 0.287). Overall, 21% of the patients were treated surgically, and 12.2% of the patients underwent nonoperative interventions (halo and spinal traction). The rate of nonoperative interventions significantly decreased over time in all age groups (p < 0.001). Regardless of treatment given, patients in older age groups had a greater risk of inpatient/postoperative complications, nonroutine discharges, and longer hospitalization. The mean hospital charges were significantly higher in older age groups (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of hospitalization for isolated C-2 fractures is progressively increasing in older age groups. Simultaneously, there has been a steadily decreasing trend in the preference for nonoperative interventions. Due to more complicated hospital stay, longer hospitalizations, and higher rates of nonroutine discharges, the patients in older age groups seem to have a higher propensity for greater health care resource utilization.
“Lazy” far-lateral approach to the anterior foramen magnum and lower clivus
Authors: Moscovici Samuel , Umansky Felix , Spektor Sergey
Published: April 2015

The far-lateral approach (FLA) has become a mainstay for skull base surgeries involving the anterior foramen magnum and lower clivus. The authors present a surgical technique using the FLA for the management of lesions of the anterior/ anterolateral foramen magnum and lower clivus. The authors consider this modification a “lazy” FLA. The vertebral artery (VA) is both a critical anatomical structure and a barrier that limits access to this region. The most important nuance of this FLA technique is the management of this critical vessel. When the lazy FLA is used, the VA is reflected laterally, encased in its periosteal sheath and wrapped in the dura, greatly minimizing the risk for vertebral injury while preserving a wide working space. To accomplish this step, drilling is performed lateral to the point where the VA pierces the dura. The dura is incised medial to the VA entry point by using a slightly curved longitudinal cut. Drilling of the condyle and the C-1 lateral mass is performed in a manner that preserves craniocervical stability. The lazy FLA is a true FLA that is based on manipulation of the VA and lateral bone removal to obtain excellent exposure ventral to the spinal cord and medulla, yet it is among the most conservative FLA techniques for management of the VA and provides a safer window for bone work and lesion management. Among 44 patients for whom this technique was used to resect 42 neoplasms and clip 2 posterior inferior cerebral artery aneurysms, there was no surgical mortality and no injury to the VA.