bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Picking Force Studies on Pickling Cucumbers1
Authors: Burnham Milo , Peterson Clinton E.
Published: August 2022

An instrument for determining the force required to pull the peduncle from a cucumber fruit is described. Picking force was studied using the pickling cucumber cultivars Wisconsin SMR-15, Ohio MR-17, and Wisconsin SMR-12 in 3 positions in the picking force instrument on 3 harvest dates. Picking force was more highly correlated with fruit length than fruit weight or diameter. Regression coefficients of picking force on fruit length were homogeneous for cultivars, stem positions, and harvest dates. Significant differences in mean picking forces were detected for cultivars, position of the fruit in the picking force instrument, and harvest dates. The cultivar sequence of increasing picking force was ‘Wisconsin SMR-12’, ‘Wisconsin SMR-15’, and ‘Ohio MR-17’.
Storage of Mature-Green Tomatoes in Controlled Atmospheres1
Authors: Parsons C. S. , Anderson R. E. , Penney R. W.
Published: August 2022

Tomato fruits, initially mature-green and held at 55° F for 6 weeks, kept significantly better in 3% O2 and zero CO2 than in air. Three or 5% CO2 combined with the low-O2 atmosphere did not materially affect the amount of decay, and sometimes resulted in CO2 injury. Mature-green tomatoes ripened to a full red when held in air for 6 weeks at 55°. When stored in an atmosphere containing 3% O2, tomatoes ripened to pink. Red color development was further retarded in a low-O2 atmosphere supplemented with 3 or 5% CO2.

Exposing mature-green tomatoes to air for 16 hours midway in a 6-week holding period in low-O2 did not affect the decay or color of the fruits while in storage as compared to a continuous holding in low-O2. After ripening, however, the tomatoes from the interrupted treatment did not keep as well as those from the continuous treatment.

Mature-green tomatoes stored at CO2 levels of 3 or 5% tended to be more acid after ripening than tomatoes held in CO2-free atmospheres.
Effect of Three Soil Moisture Regimes on the Growth and Anatomy of Pelargonium bortorum1,2
Authors: Metwally A. W. , Struckmeyer B. Esther , Beck G. E.
Published: August 2022

‘Dark Red Irene’ and ‘Princess Irene’ geraniums were subjected to low, medium, and high soil moisture regimes in the greenhouse for 10 weeks. A system was devised to maintain 3 moisture levels. Plant height, leaf area, and dry weight increased as soil moisture increased. Diameter of petioles and stems and thickness of leaves also increased as soil moisture increased. Number of xylem elements per unit area increased considerably in stems and petioles of plants grown in the high moisture regime, while phloem tissue was greater in plants grown in medium moisture. More vascular bundles were differentiated in leaves per unit as soil moisture decreased. ‘Princess Irene’ had fewer xylem and more phloem elements than ‘Dark Red Irene’, especially in plants grown in high soil moisture.
Comparison of Factors Influencing Fruit Size in Large-Fruited and Small-Fruited Clones of Strawberry1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Brown G. R. , Brown E. D.
Published: August 2022

The relative decline in fruit size from primary to secondary to tertiary positions on the inflorescence of large-fruited clones was much greater than for small-fruited clones. Large-fruited clones produced fruit with more achenes and larger achenes than did small-fruited clones. Fruit weight was positively correlated with total achenes per fruit, developed achenes per fruit, mean weight of total and developed achenes, and fruit weight per developed achene. These results lead to the conclusion that fruit size differences among strawberry clones are due to the combined effects of developed achene number, developed achene size, differential activity of achenes in producing growth hormones and differential sensitivity of receptacular tissue in responding to growth hormones.
Factors Affecting Pollination of Onions in Idaho During 19691
Authors: Nye W. P. , Waller G. D. , Waters Norman D.
Published: August 2022

The ratio of pollen-fertile to pollen-sterile rows was more than twice the recommended ratio. The activity of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., was largely limited to pollen collecting on the pollen parent rows; there was an average of 100 bees per 100 ft of row on the pollen-parent as compared with a maximum of 40 bees per 100 ft of row on the male-steriles. Bee activity and seed yields (which were generally unsatisfactory) decreased as the distance from the pollen rows increased. About half of the bees sampled at the hive entrances had pollen loads and about 8 percent of these were onion pollen. Samples from the pollen traps contained 6 percent onion pollen. Onion as a source of pollen is less attractive to honey bees than other sources in the area. The viability of onion pollen from flowers in the morning was 2 to 3 times greater than in the afternoon. Onion pollen taken from pollen traps did not germinate.
The Fate of Carbon and Nitrogen from Urea Applied to Foliage of Senescing Apple Trees1
Authors: Shim Kyung-Ku , Titus J. S. , Splittstoesser W. E.
Published: August 2022

Urea was applied to the foliage of 1-year-old apple Malus pumila Rehd., cv. Mailing Merton 106 (MM 106) trees during senescence and the fate of the urea C and N determined. The urea C was readily released as CO2, but abscised leaves still contained 18% of the total. Only 5% of the urea C was found in storage tissues (shoot bark and wood, stem bark and wood, and roots). By the time the leaves abscised, this C was found primarily in protein, sugars, and amino acids of storage tissues. Small amounts of urea were still present. The urea N was translocated from the leaves as amino acids or urea. At leaf abscission, 30% of the initial N was still present in the leaves. During senescence, storage tissues from untreated trees increased 1.5-fold in N while similar tissues from urea-treated trees increased 3-fold. This additional N was found primarily in stem and shoot bark and in the roots. Small amounts of N were stored as amino acids but the bulk of the urea N was stored as protein.
Effects of Mowing on Three Species of Wild Flowers1
Authors: Salac S. S. , Hesse J. F. , Young J. O.
Published: August 2022

Blooming of sweet rocket (Hesperis matronalis Linn.), butterfly milkweed (Ascelpias tuberosa Linn.), and Gray goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis Ait.) was delayed by mowing and extended for as much as 1 ½ months by using an appropriate mowing date. Compared to the unmowed plants of any 1 species, height of the lateral buds forced was reduced among the mowed plants regardless of the date when mowing was performed. Mowing resulted in the reduction of number of flowers in sweet rocket, reduced number of flowers, but increased number of inflorescences in Gray goldenrod, and had no effect on flowers of butterfly milkweed. All mowed and unmowed plants survived during the first growing season.
KARAÇAY-MALKAR TÜRKLERİNİN SÜRGÜN DÖNEMİNDEKİ EDEBÎ FAALİYETLERİ
Authors: ADİLOĞLU Adilhan
Published: August 2022

Bu makalede, Sovyet yönetimi tarafından İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Almanlarla işbirliği yaptıkları ithamıyla 2 Kasım 1943 ve 8 Mart 1944 tarihlerinde ata yurtları Kafkasya’dan Orta Asya’nın muhtelif bölgelerine topyekûn sürgün edilen Karaçay-Malkar Türklerinin yaklaşık 14 yıl kadar devam eden sürgün döneminin son iki yılında gerçekleştirdikleri edebî faaliyetleri ele alınmıştır. Bu süre içerisinde Karaçay-Malkar Türkçesiyle ancak beş şiir antolojisi ve dört müstakil şiir kitabı yayınlayabilmişlerdir. Çalışmamızda söz konusu bu eserler sayıca az olmaları sebebiyle ayrıntılı bir şekilde tek tek ele alınmış; eserlerde yer alan şair ve yazarların hayatı hakkında kısa bilgiler sunulmuş, muhteva bakımından dikkat çeken şiirlerinden örnekler verilmiştir. Çalışmamızın sonuç kısmında bütün eserleri kapsayacak şekilde tematik bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bugüne kadar üzerinde pek fazla durulmayan ve bu kadar kapsamlı bir şekilde ilk defa çalışmamızda ele alınan söz konusu bu edebî eserlerin muhtevası o dönemde büyük sıkıntılar yaşayan Karaçay-Malkar Türklerinin hâletiruhiyesini aksettirmesi bakımından oldukça önemlidir.
AKSARAYLI ÂŞIK TÜRYAN GÖZÜM’ÜN SANAT ANLAYIŞI VE DESTANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: PEKER Selçuk
Published: August 2022

Âşıklık geleneği içerisinde destan türüyle üretilen şiirlerin geleneğin diğer ürünlerinden farklı birtakım görevleri vardır. Bu görevlerden birisi destanların toplumun haber alma ihtiyacını karşılayan metinler olması bir diğeri de âşıklar tarafından bastırılıp satılarak geçim temininde kullanılmasıdır. Âşıklık geleneği Türk toplum hayatında bir bütün olarak kabul görmüş, geleneğin sosyal zeminde gördüğü bu kabul, âşıklık istidadı taşıyan gençleri etkilemiş ve gençler, -gelenek ortamında bulunmuyor olsalar bile- geleneğin gücü ile şiirler üreterek çevrelerinde kabul görmüşlerdir. Aksaray, âşıklık geleneğinin güçlü olmadığı bir ilimizdir. Ozan Türyan, geleneğin etkisiyle şiirler üreten ve şiirleri içerisinde destanları sayıca daha fazla olan bir isimdir. Bu çalışma Aksaray âşıklık geleneği hakkında kısa bilgi vermeyi, geleneğin gelenek ortamından uzak kişileri bile âşık tarzı şiir üretmeye sevk ettiğini göstermeyi, Türyan’ın destanları üzerinde birtakım değerlendirmeler yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın kapsamı sadece Ozan Türyan’ın şiirleri ile sınırlıdır ve âşığın sağlığında tespit edilen şiirleri ilk kez bir çalışmanın değerlendirme konusu olmuştur. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman incelemesi sonucu oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmayla, âşığın destanlarında sosyal olayları kaleme aldığı, adam öldürmeden kan davasına, kız kaçırmadan iki evlilik yapmaya kadar pek çok konuyu destanlarına taşıdığı; bunları yaparken “âşık” unvanını kazanmak suretiyle toplumsal statüsünü yükselttiği görülmüştür.
İRAN’DA İNCU HANEDANI (ÂL-İ İNCÛ / İNCÛLULAR) (1325-1357
Authors: ALIÇ Samet
Published: August 2022

İlhanlı Devleti’nin son dönemlerinde yerel kuvvetler, bağımsız olarak hareket etmeye başlamış ve İlhanlı topraklarında yerel hanedanlar kurmuşlardır. Bu yerel hanedanlardan biri olan İncûlular, Şerefüddin Mahmud İncû tarafından kurulmuştur. Şerefüddin Mahmud, İlhanlı hükümdarı Olcaytu tarafından Fars bölgesine incû olarak tayin edilmiştir. Kısa sürede hem ekonomik hem de siyasi olarak güç kazanan Şerefüddin Mahmud, Fars eyaletinin idaresini ele geçirerek 1325 yılında bağımsızlığını ilan etmiştir. Onun bu faaliyetleri İlhanlı hükümdarı Ebu Said Bahadır Han ile arasının açılmasına neden olmuştur. Şerefüddin Mahmud; Ebu Said Bahadır Han’dan sonra İlhanlı tahtına çıkan Arpa Han’ın emri ile 1336 yılında katledilmiştir. Onun vefatından sonra oğulları Celaleddin Mesud Şah, Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev, Şemsedin Muhammed ve Ebu İshak arasında taht mücadeleleri yaşanmıştır. Şerefüddin Mahmud’dan sonra İncûluların idaresini sırasıyla Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev, Celaledin Mesud ve Ebu İshak İncû üstlenmiştir.İncûlular, yaklaşık yirmi iki yıllık bağımsızlık süreçlerinde İlhanlılar, Çobanoğulları, Celayirlier ve Muzafferiler ile çeşitli mücadele ve münasebetlerde bulunmuşlardır. En çok mücadele ettikleri siyasi teşekkül sınır komşuları olan ve aynı coğrafya üzerinde hâkimiyet mücadelesi yaptıkları Muzafferîler olmuştur. İncûluların son hükümdarı Ebu İshak döneminde Muzafferiler ile olan mücadeleler hat safhaya ulaşmış ve bu mücadele sonunda İncûlular, 1357 yılında Muzafferîler tarafından yıkılmıştır. İncûluların kısa siyasi hayatı Fars eyaletinin siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyo- kültürel tarihinde iz bırakmıştır.
The application of seismic parameters conversion among different structure design codes
Authors: Xie Qi
Published: August 2022

The main goal for structure engineer is to do safety design and make sure structures can resist seismic forces by adopting proper construction materials and structure systems. The seismic design parameters are the key factors to control the structure seismic design procedures and results. These parameters covered several items, such as seismic spectral response acceleration in 1 second (S1) and short period (SS), site classification(A~E), sites importance (Ie,), strong motion files with their pseudo-acceleration and displacement, etc. Around these parameters, different countries and regions also issued the domestic design principles correspondence. For international projects, no matter which area or country projects located in, every structure engineer should take more care about the proper seismic parameters to deploy seismic design, and the issues of seismic parameter conversion among various codes appeared a few decades ago. In this article, author focused on multiple stories hotel (RC) structure design with GB and ASCE seismic parameters controlling, demonstrate the difference of structure design principles between GB and ASCE, and applied specified seismic parameters conversion method, then deploy structure analysis based on these parameters, got series structure analysis results. In the end, author provided a few practical advice about developing strategies and decisions from consultant view. These conclusions not only can benefit developers, also strengthen the support from consultant agency, besides, the parameter screen procedures enhanced the structure designer’s driving ability on various structures which locate in different regions and countries.
Máquinas detonantes de hilvanar historias
Authors: Villamizar Ceballos Adriana
Published: August 2022

En el libro Máquinas detonantes de hilvanar historias, la docente y autora Adriana Villamizar Ceballos aspira motivar reflexiones y debates alrededor de la creación narrativa literaria y audiovisual. Su estructura es también una travesía por esos entresijos que requiere la inventiva, por ello en el primer capítulo, “El hombre y sus máquinas detonantes”, expone el origen y razón de la escritura del texto, con la recopilación de los diversos artilugios creados por el también docente y script doctor chileno Julio César Rojas. En el segundo, “La máquina detonante”, se amplían diversas teorías y ayudas pedagógicas en la escritura creativa, y en el tercero, “The mind blowing machine o 135 Disparadores Creativos de guion”, se presenta el mecanismo que propicia la investigación y creación que da origen al libro. Al final, y de manera arriesgada, revela un resultado del uso del artefacto y expone un particular juego de invención al extraer al azar cinco de esas 135 frases para usarlas como columnas estructurales dramáticas y crear con ellas veintisiete nuevos argumentos de ficción. Y, además, como cierre del libro pedagógico, plantea una invitación para que el lector se sumerja en la experiencia creativa y adquiera sus propias destrezas.
Socio-cultural and Biomedical Beliefs for Causalities and Healing of Diabetic
Mellitus Around the Globe: Systematic Review 2021
Authors: Simegn Wudneh
Published: August 2022

Background:

Diabetic mellitus is the main public health problems now days in the world and the burden is higher in developing countries. Different anthropologic literatures were published to integrate socio cultural beliefs and biomedical practice for the management of diabetes mellites. The current study review anthropology perspectives of diabetic mellitus by using literatures conducted in the Globe and the relationship between health, socio cultural beliefs and biomedicine.

Methods:

This review included published studies in Electronic databases such as Pub Med, World Wide Science and Google scholar. Published studies from the search data base were exported to reference manager software, Endnote version 7 to remove duplicate studies. We screened the title and abstract, then the full-text as per settled inclusion criteria followed by full-text review to find eligible studies. Studies without abstract and/ or full text, unspecified reports, viewpoints and any systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. The protocol for this review was sent for registration on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] registration number CRD 237899.

Result:

The search have been collected a total of 72 studies in the world. Five articles were excluded due to duplication in each data base. About 47 articles and 15 articles were excluded based on the title and abstract screen respectively. After full-text reviews assessed one article was removed due to that comparative study and finally we have approved only 4 articles for systematic review.

Conclusion:

The review identified those beliefs about socio cultural, spiritual and biomedical aspects of the causalities, symptoms, and treatment. As there were limited studies in the world, we extracted data from few countries including Ethiopia. Almost all studies identified the socio-cultural causalities of diabetes mellitus as “hereditary, uncertainty, feeding habit and GOD”. The socio-cultural beliefs of healing also summarized as “GOD allows, holly water in Ethiopia only by orthodox Christians, traditional plants like Shiferaw or moringa also believed only in Ethiopia study, exercise, diet selection” were explained. All studies had brought that biomedical regimen were believed to bring healing in congruent with socio cultural beliefs.
Primary Epiploic Appendagitis of the Appendix Vermiformis
Authors: Kahveci Servet , Zitouni Soubhi , Abubakar Abdul Razak , Ikizceli Turkan , Ozturk Mehmet , Aksu Yusuf
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Introduction: Primary epiploic appendagitis, a relatively rare and self-limiting disease, often clinically mimics conditions of acute abdomen such as acute appendicitis and acute diverticulitis. It is important to make accurate diagnoses because its treatment is conservative. Ultrasonography and computed tomographic studies enable a reliable diagnosis to prevent unnecessary invasive procedures. Here-in, we report a case of primary epiploic appendagitis of the appendix vermiformis with clinical, laboratory and CT findings in order to improve awareness of this condition.

Case Presentation:

A 29-year-old female presented with acute abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Her medical history was not significant for surgery. She had no nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or fever. On physical examination she had right lower quadrant tenderness with mild defense and rebound upon palpation. The leukocyte count (6300 mm-3) and other laboratory parameters including urine tests were unremarkable. With these findings the provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made and CT examination (Mx 8000 IDT 16, Philips, USA) was done upon the request of the referring physicians. The abdominal CT showed normal appendix vermiformis. However, a fat density lesion surrounding a hyperdense rim was seen adjacent to the appendix vermiformis (Fig. 1). The diagnosis of PEA was thus established based on the characteristic radiologic findings. The patient was managed conservative treatment with pain medication as outpatient. After a one week follow-up the patient was observed to be symptom-free and concluded to has recovered fully by their physician..

Conclusion:

To conclude, PEA needs to be considered by emergency clinicians and radiologists in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. With this in mind it becomes easier for a substantive diagnosis to be made by ultrasound alone or in combination with CT to prevent unnecessary surgical interventions, antibiotherapy and hospitalizatio
Acid-Fast Staining Revisited, a Dated but Versatile Means of Diagnosis
Authors: Prakoeswa Flora Ramona Sigit , Rumondor Bayu Bijaksana , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit
Published: August 2022

Acid-fast staining has been utilized in the field of medicine since the late 1800s. It was, for a while, considered the gold standard for diagnosing leprosy and tuberculosis. Principally it uses 1 primary staining agent, carbol fuchsin; and methylene blue as a counter stain. The emergence of molecular-based diagnostic tests makes some of us question the relevance of acid-fast staining in daily practice. This literature review aimed to revisit the acid-fast staining method, its uses, and the modification that occurred throughout the years.
Modeling of Austenite Grain Growth Behavior for AISI 302 Stainless Steel
Authors: Lenda Omar Ben , Benmaziane Sara , Saissi Soukaina , Zerrouk Latifa , Saad Elmadani
Published: August 2022

Background:

Among the metals used in foundry, we find the austenitic stainless steels,
which are used in several fields because of their mechanical properties, which can change during the
heat treatments; for that, it is important to understand and control the growth of the austenite grains

Objective:

Modeling austenite grain growth by considering the effects of heating temperature, holding
time, and initial austenite grain size on austenite grain growth.

Methods:

In this paper, the austenite grain growth process of AISI 302 steel was studied in a temperature range of 900 to 1000 °C and a holding time of up to 360 minutes. Based on the experimental results
and a combination of Arrhenius and Sellars type equations, a mathematical model of austenite grain
growth was developed

Results:

From the experimental part, it was found that the increase in heating temperature caused the
dissolution of carbides; therefore, the size of austenite grains grew faster, implying a higher growth rate.
The prolongation of the holding time also led to the increase in the size of the austenite grains.

Conclusion:

Based on statistical indicators and a comparison between experimental and predicted results, the ability of the model to predict austenite grain growth was confirmed.
The Right to Freedom of Worship as Used in the European Convention on Human Rights: Analysis of Legal Norms Prohibiting Wearing Hijab in Public Places
Authors:   Higher School of Economics National Research University, Kuliev Dzhamali Tofikovich
Published: August 2022

The author considers the question of the legality of the prohibition on Muslim hijab wearing in a non-Muslim society and views it as an opportunity to understand how Western and Islamic cul-tures interact not only from a scientific or theoretic perspective, but also from a practical one, be-cause a lot of Muslims either live in or visit Western countries. The aim of the article is to determine through analysing current legislation of different countries and their court rulings how the two en-tirely opposed legal traditions relate to each other. Methodologically, the author clearly distinguishes between such concepts as Sharia, fiqh and Islamic law. Applying the method of comparative analy-sis, the author takes two approaches of comparative law: the dogmatic (related to theory) one, and the cultural one, since it is known that Islamic law derives from religious precepts. The author con-cludes that the hijab ban, which appears to be an indispensable part of the globalisation process, is contrary to the first part of Article 9 and to Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. However, the latter is only advisory by its nature, while the rulings of ECHR in which the Court does not consider the prohibition on hijab wearing a violation of the right to the freedom of worship, are grounded by vague wordings.
Properties of fire-retardant vermiculite-concrete composite and fine-grained concrete for two-layer reinforced cement structures
Authors: Khezhev T. A. , Khadzhishalapov G. N. , Shogenova F. M. , Artabaev A. Kh. , Mashukova M. Kh.
Published: August 2022

Objective. Development of compositions of fire-retardant vermiculite-concrete composites for reinforced cement structures. Investigation of the properties of fire-retardant vermiculite-concrete composite and fine-grained concrete for two-layer reinforced cement structures.

Method. Methods for increasing the fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures are considered. Research is focused on the development of fire-retardant composites using expanded vermiculite and volcanic ash. To improve the physical and mechanical properties of the fire-retardant composite, a mixture of Portland cement, gypsum, lime, basalt fiber, saponified wood resin, volcanic ash and expanded vermiculite has been developed. For the study of vermiculite concretes reinforced with basalt fiber, a second-order rotatable plan of the regular hexagon type was used.

Result. Fiber-vermiculite concretes are proposed, which have improved fire-retardant properties compared to known compositions. This is due to the better preservation of the fiber-vermiculite-concrete layer when heated as a result of fiber reinforcement. Also, thanks to the addition of SDO, the fire-retardant properties of the composite increase due to the additional porosity of the fiber-vermiculite-concrete. The parameters of the "stress-strain" diagram of a vermiculite-concrete composite and fine-grained concrete have been obtained.

Conclusion. Vermiculite concretes with an average density of 480-560 kg/m3 have the best fire-retardant properties. The developed two-layer reinforced cement structures have high fire resistance.
Influence of the span on the operation of large-span structures
Authors: Yusupov A. K. , Musеlеmov H. M. , Gapparov H. M.
Published: August 2022

Objective. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of a span on the operation of large-span structures; the features of the work of large-span coatings, which are widely used in the design and construction of modern buildings and structures, are considered and analyzed.

Method. Designs and design techniques are given that allow designing buildings and structures with a large span. Examples of the calculation of a large-span frame are considered, the corresponding drawings are made, nodes and other details are given that can serve as a visual aid in the design of the relevant buildings and structures. Large-span beam trusses and frame systems are considered.

Result. The main methods for reducing long-span bending moments, as well as design techniques that reduce span displacements, are proposed and tested.

Conclusion. The developed design schemes of frames and trusses provide minimal metal costs, and also allow determining the influence of the parameters and geometry of frames and trusses on metal consumption.
An algorithm for using a cross-platform mobile application to protect information in cloud storage
Authors: Gazizov A. R.
Published: August 2022

Objective. A high-quality "cloud storage" of data should ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information in the "storage". The use of "cloud storage" for storing information in backups is associated with their possible loss. Ensuring the confidentiality of information in the "cloud storage" implies that by "uploading" data to the "cloud storage", the user must be sure that an attacker will not be able to obtain information from the storage. The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for using a cross-platform mobile application to protect information in the "cloud storage" of IS.

Method. The study is based on the use of a cross-platform approach to creating applications.

Result. The analysis of existing approaches and frameworks for the development of crossplatform mobile applications was carried out. It is proposed to create an application based on the Xamarin framework. To ensure the confidentiality of information, it is proposed to encrypt them before uploading data and backup copies of files. Encryption involves hiding the original type of the file from unauthorized use using crypto-algorithms, when the owner of the encryption key is the authorized user. To implement the function of encrypting data and backup copies of files uploaded to the "cloud storage", it is proposed to use the Rijndael symmetric block encryption algorithm, adopted as an encryption standard according to the results of the Advanced Encryption Standard (USA) competition.

Conclusion. A cross-platform mobile application can be compiled and run efficiently under iOS and Android operating systems, encrypt files and upload them to the "cloud storage" with the possibility of subsequent decryption.
Implementation of a Digital Health Tool for Patients Awaiting Input From a Specialist Weight Management Team: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hanson Petra , Summers Charlotte , Panesar Arjun , Liarakos Alexandros Leonidas , Oduro-Donkor Dominic , Whyte Oshodi Danniella , Hailston Luke , Randeva Harpal , Menon Vinod , de la Fosse Michaela , Kaura Amit , Shuttlewood Emma , Loveder Mark , Poole Donna , Barber Thomas M
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Digital tools are increasingly used on a population level as a weight loss strategy for people living with overweight and obesity. Evidence supports the feasibility of digital tools for the management of obesity in a community setting, but there is only emerging evidence for the feasibility of such tools in specialist weight management services. No study has assessed the uptake of digital tools among patients awaiting their first appointment with a specialist weight management service.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to understand interest, acceptance, and engagement with a digital behavioral change platform to support specialist weight management.

METHODS

This was an observational study registered as a service innovation. All patients on the waiting list for a first appointment in the tier 3 weight management service at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service (NHS) Trust were eligible to access the NHS-approved digital tool. Data on interest and engagement with the digital tool were collected. Routine clinical data were used to describe patient demographics. Focus groups were held to explore patients’ views on the use of digital tools as part of a specialist weight management service.

RESULTS

A total of 199 patients on the waiting list were informed about the available digital tool. Just over a half (n=102, 51.3%) of patients were interested in using the app, with over one-third (n=68, 34%) of all patients engaging with the app. Overall, a third of patients on the waiting list (n=63, 32%) did not respond to the invite and 34 (17%) of patients expressed no interest in the app. Emotional eating and higher BMI was associated with interest in the Gro Health app. Male gender was associated with reduced engagement with the app. There were no differences in interest in the Gro Health app according to age, ethnicity, metabolic measures of glycemia, and lipid profile.

CONCLUSIONS

It is feasible to offer digital tools such as Gro Health to patients awaiting their first appointment with specialist weight management services. Future research should explore barriers and facilitators of engagement with digital tools. Additionally, there is a need to further evaluate the effectiveness of such tools in specialist weight management services.
Use and Acceptance of Smart Elderly Care Apps Among Chinese Medical Staff and Older Individuals: Web-Based Hybrid Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhu Jieting , Weng Huiting , Ou Peng , Li Lezhi
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

With the advent of China’s aging population and the popularization of smartphones, there is a huge demand for smart elderly care apps. Along with older adults and their dependents, medical staff also need to use a health management platform to manage the health of patients. However, the development of health apps and the large and growing app market pose a problem of declining quality; in fact, important differences can be observed between apps, and patients currently do not have adequate information and formal evidence to discriminate among them.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the cognition and usage status of smart elderly care apps among older individuals and medical staff in China.

METHODS

From March 1, 2022, to March 30, 2022, we used the web survey tool Sojump to conduct snowball sampling through WeChat. The survey links were initially sent to communities in 23 representative major cities in China. We asked the medical staff of community clinics to post the survey link on their WeChat Moments. From April 1 to May 10, 2022, we contacted those who selected “Have used a smart elderly care app” in the questionnaire through WeChat for a request to participate in semistructured interviews. Participants provided informed consent in advance and interviews were scheduled. After the interviews, the audio recordings were transcribed into text and the emerging themes were analyzed and summarized.

RESULTS

A total of 810 individuals participated in this study, 54.8% (n=444) of whom were medical staff, 33.1% (n=268) were older people, and the remaining participants were certified nursing assistants (CNAs) and community workers. Overall, 60.5% (490/810) of the participants had used a smart elderly care app on their smartphone. Among the 444 medical staff who participated in the study, the vast majority (n=313, 70.5%) had never used a smart elderly care app, although 34.7% of them recommended elderly care–related apps to patients. Among the 542 medical staff, CNAs, and community workers that completed the questionnaire, only 68 (12.6%) had used a smart elderly care app. We further interviewed 23 people about their feelings and opinions about smart elderly care apps. Three themes emerged with eight subthemes, including functional design, operation interface, and data security.

CONCLUSIONS

In this survey, there was a huge difference in the usage rate and demand for smart elderly care apps by the participants. Respondents are mainly concerned with app function settings, interface simplicity, and data security.
Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): Analysis of the Knowledge of Direct Users
Authors: Lima Alexandre Bezerra , Barbosa Anderson Tadeu , Ribeiro Heloísa Marques , Oliveira Edenis Cesar de
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to verify the level of knowledge of users regarding the waste of electrical and electronic products generated by them. Therefore, a qualitative research was implemented, with an exploratory-descriptive objective. 150 questionnaires were sent to users residing in four Brazilian capitals, with a response rate of 91.33%. Overall, 30% of users “infrequently” (PF) segregate waste; 6.57% “very often” (MF) have already looked for an appropriate point of disposal of electronic waste. The city of Maceió-AL has 52.78% of users who “never” (N) disposed of their waste at an appropriate collection point against the same percentage for São Paulo-SP who “often” (F) did so; 29.20% “infrequently” (PF) thought of somehow reducing the amount of waste generated; 91.97% of users “never” (N) have heard about or have unsatisfactory knowledge about the existence of the National Solid Waste Policy – NSWP. Regarding this last question, there was no significant difference between the respondent users with high school and higher education levels.
Из истории внешнеполитических отношений Калмыцкого ханства. Лоузанг-Шоно
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Batmaev Maksim M. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The article examines a significant early-to-mid 18th-century episode of Kalmyk-Chinese and Kalmyk-Dzungar relations to have been controlled by the Russian Government. This very period was witnessing deepest processes across Central Asia that would subsequently result in dramatic ethnic and political transformations in the region. Goals. The work aims at revealing plans and intentions of the involved governments and groups, outlining the actual sequence of events under the observed conditions, showing efforts of certain individuals had been initially determined by their personal wishes that made them seek for opportunities to orchestrate the events towards their own benefits. However, the latter had to finally accept the real state of affairs as they were. Results. So, the Kalmyk rulers were involved in China-Dzungar relations, both the sides having been eager to take advantage of Kalmyk military power. But it became evident that external policies of the Kalmyk Khanate were largely dependent on Russia’s foreign affairs strategy which implied no interest in the participation of Kalmyks in Chinese-Dzungar struggle. This resulted in that Kalmyks never joined the confrontation between the Qing Empire and Dzungar Khanate to have ended up with a defeat and collapse of the latter.
Школы в Калмыцкой степи Астраханской губернии во второй половине XIX в.
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Komandzhaev Alexandr N. , Komandzhaev Evgeniy A.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The topic remains understudied and is thus relevant enough to historical science. Despite the over a century has witnessed a dozen of publications examining schooling in prerevolutionary Kalmykia in various perspectives and detail, the bulk of them only partly approach the issue as a background phenomenon within wider insights into history of culture and education on broader timescapes. And only two related articles have been published in recent times. Furthermore, the problem is being actualized in connection with contemporary contexts: present-day Russian society utterly needs a new national educational trajectory of its own. In this regard, a historical review of schooling formation and development in sparsely inhabited specific regions with a nomadic population may be useful enough. Goals. The article aims to characterize the school system of Kalmyk Steppe (Astrakhan Governorate) at its initial stages. So, the paper primarily seeks to introduce newly discovered archival sources into scientific circulation. Materials and Methods. The work employs a complex of general scientific and special historical research methods, of which the principle of historicism, system-oriented analysis and interdisciplinary approach are of paramount importance, the three to identify actual conditions and development trends of Kalmyk Steppe’s school system and determine the latter’s place in the structure of value-based orientations inherent to Kalmyk nomadic society. The study focuses on documentary materials contained in the Collection of the Kalmyk People’s Executive Department (National Archive of Kalmykia), the former to largely include annual reports of the Astrakhan Governor on respective conditions in Kalmyk Steppe. Results. The article characterizes Kalmyk schools by numbers of students, teachers’ staffing levels, and disciplines taught. Conclusions. Initially, Kalmyk schools were meant to train translators for administrative structures. Hence, largest numbers of students were registered in the 1860s–1870s. At the same time, the Central Kalmyk College was educating future teachers for the few ulus schools. This acconts for both the set of required disciplines taught and the teaching staff employed.
К истории монастыря Гандантегченлин
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Vanchikova Tsymzhit P. , Tsyrenova Nomin D.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The article summarizes the history of the Gandantegchinlen Monastery (Mongolia). Goals. It aims at revealing the latter’s place and role in the history of Buddhism nationwide. Insights into the history and functioning structures of the Gandantegchinlen Monastery reveal certain historical links between Buddhist centers of Mongolia and Buryatia. Being a stronghold of Buddhist education, Gandantegchenlin has made (and still does) its essential impacts on the shaping and development of religious and philosophical educational systems among Mongolic peoples — and contributed to the dissemination of Tibetan Buddhist culture. Methods. The study employs tools of factor analysis (characterizing the place and role in historical reality), the historical/genetic and retrospective research methods. Results. The retrospective analysis reveals key stages in the development of the monastery — from its earliest activities, closure, and restoration in the 1940s–1960s to present days witnessing a gradual revival of Buddhist traditions in Russia and Mongolia.
Народные знания калмыков о традиционных способах лечения: фактология фольклорно-этнографических экспедиций (2012–2017 гг.)
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Khabunova Evdokia E.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The work introduces field data on traditional treatment methods recorded from ethnic Kalmyks during the 2012–2017 folklore and ethnographic expeditions across Kalmykia arranged by the Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University. Goals. The paper seeks to introduce authentic materials (and Russian translations) dealing with folk medicine for further interdisciplinary research. Materials. The study examines oral narratives recorded in 2012 to 2017 across rural Kalmykia and describing folk tools and techniques once used against various illnesses — by Kalmyk ‘emchi’ healers, ‘otchi’ bonesetters, ‘medlgchi’ sorcerers, ‘bärächi’ masseurs, and other specialists. Results. The oral narratives about folk means to handle different health problems are accompanied by Russian translations. The article briefly reviews techniques employed to orally transmit ancient empirical knowledge of Kalmyks about traditional methods of treating different diseases. The to be introduced authentic materials contain little-known data and provide new opportunities for scholarly interpretations of folklore and ethnographic facts about Kalmyk traditional medicine, healing practices to have been orally transmitted across generations. The variety of ancient empirical techniques related to human health and folk healing methods set forth can be well used to support contemporary academic medical arrangements.
Жанр харал в калмыцкой поэзии ХХ в.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Khaninova Rimma M.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. In Kalmyk folklore, the genres of yöräl (well-wishing) and kharal (curse) cluster with magic poetry characterized by ritual and communicative functions. The latter genre remains understudied since informants had avoided uttering such narratives fearing their negative impacts, therefore the available records of kharals are much fewer than those containing yöräls. This affected essentials of kharals authored by 20th-century Kalmyk poets, including the former’s peripheral position in the genre system of Kalmyk lyrics and a small number of such poetic examples. The article discusses the genre of kharal in works by Mukebyun Basangov (1878–1944) and Bosya Sangadzhieva (1921–2001). Goals. The article seeks to examine three texts of the mentioned poets in the aspect of the folklore tradition. Materials and methods. The paper studies works of Kalmyk folklorists, ethnographers and historians. The to be investigated sources are one poem by Mukebyun Basangov and two poems by Bosya Sangadzhieva — the three titled ‘Kharal’ (‘Curse’) — created in Kalmyk in different years (1942 and 1966, 1991), including R. Khaninova’s artistic translation of B. Sangadzhieva’s text. The key research methods used are the historical/literary, historical/functional, comparative, quantitative ones, and that of descriptive poetics. Results. The study, firstly, reveals a connection between M. Basangov’s Kharal (1942) and the time of its creation (Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945) which determined its topic and problems raised, folk elements; secondly, two texts by B. Sangadzhieva are compared in ethnocultural and axiological perspectives; thirdly, it shows impacts of the folklore genre on poetic analogues; and finally, the work stresses a synthesis of yöräl and kharal genres observed in Kh. Syan-Belgin’s Satire on Yöräl and Kharal (1929). Conclusions. In Kalmyk poetry, the genre of kharal remained somewhat undeveloped only to stay in a periphery of the 20th-century genre system, which most likely resulted from specifics of the folklore source. So, the rare appeals of Kalmyk poets to this genre attest to the surviving tradition of avoiding negative impacts of the verbal component inherent to magic poetry of ancestors, and following the postulates of axiology and folk pedagogy.
Enthesis: not the same in each localisation – a molecular, histological and biomechanical study
Authors:   MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands, Peniche Silva CJ , Müller SA , Quirk N , De la Vega RE , Coenen MJ , Evans CH , Balmayor ER , van Griensven M
Published: August 2022

The interphase between tendon and bone consists of a highly specialised tissue called enthesis. Typically, the enthesis is described as a succession of four different zones: tendon, non-mineralised fibrocartilage, mineralised fibrocartilage and bone. However, the microstructure of the entheses, cellular composition and mechanical properties vary depending on their anatomical location. The present study aimed to characterise three of the most relevant sites of enthesis injury in a rat model: the patellar tendon, the Achilles tendon and the supraspinatus enthesis, in terms of biomechanics, histology and genetic expression. The patellar enthesis presented the highest ultimate load and lowest stiffness of the three, while the supraspinatus was the weakest and stiffest. The histological characterisation revealed key differences at the insertion site for each enthesis. The patellar enthesis showed a large cartilaginous area at the tendon-to-bone interphase whilst this interphase was smaller in the supraspinatus entheses samples. Furthermore, the Achilles tendon enthesis displayed a more abrupt transition from tendon to bone. Additionally, each enthesis exhibited a particular and distinct pattern of expression of tenogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic markers. This study provided valuable insights for a better understanding of the three entheses at relevant anatomical sites. Moreover, the larger cross-sectional area of the patellar enthesis, the strong mechanical properties and the easier surgical access to this location led to the conclusion that the patellar tendon enthesis site could be most suitable for the development of a preclinical model for general enthesis regeneration studies in rats.
Linezolid-resistance Staphylococcus aureus – Prevalence, Emerging Resistance Mechanisms, Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Rafique Hassan , Hussain Nazim , Saeed Muhammad Usama , Iqbal Hafiz M.N. , Azim Gulfam , Bilal Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Staphylococcus aureus, an opportunistic pathogen, can root several infections viz skin and tissue infections, bacteraemia, food poisoning, pneumonia, and many other clinical conditions with some variations of virulence factors. In treatment of infections, caused by this Gram-positive pathogen, several antibiotics are being used importantly Methicillin and Vancomycin. This pathogen has high capability of antibiotic resistance development and had evolved new strains such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). Meta-analysis in Ethiopia showed that pooled prevalence of MRSA in environment, food, animal, and human was 54%, 77%, 15%, and 38% respectively (2022). Risk of MRSA isolates from burn ICU was 55 % higher (2018). In Bangladesh, 37.1% isolates from frozen meat chicken (2021) were identified as MRSA. This problem is being dealt with a novel drug called Linezolid which has been proved effective against both MRSA and VRSA. Exacerbating the situation, this pathogen has shown resistance against this unprecedented drug by means of a number of drug resistance mechanisms. Its prevalence has been reporting since the adoption of the drug, but with a minute ratio at one time/place to the very high percentage at another time/place. This inconsistent prevalence must not be ignored, and its surveillance should be augmented as antibiotic treatment is critical for fighting against microbial infections. This review highlights the worldwide reports in which Staphylococcus aureus of either wildtype or Methicillin or Vancomycin resistance that have shown resistance to Linezolid drug for the past 2 decades. At the same time where incidences of Linezolid Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LRSA) indications are reporting, there is a call for comprehensive strategies to overcome this challenge of antibiotic resistance.