bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landslides and railways in the Thompson River Valley, British Columbia
Authors: Huntley D H
Published: November 2015

Landslides in the mountain valleys of western Canada have challenged the development and operation of railways since the late 19th Century. In the 21st Century, pronounced economic and environmental repercussions occur when rail service is disrupted by landslide
activity. In the section of the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific railway corridor that runs through the Thompson River valley in southern British Columbia there is a unique combination of complex glacial geology and active slope processes. To better understand and manage geological hazards and
risks along this section of the transportation corridor, a small slow-moving landslide that is adversely impacting critical railway infrastructure and operation is now under collaborative investigation by the national railway companies, federal government agencies and universities through the
Railway Ground Hazard Research Program http://www.carrl.ca/RGHRP. Radar satellite imagery, global positioning, borehole monitoring, fiber optical measurement of slope deformation, geological mapping, geophysical surveys and field observations provide information on the distribution of earth
materials, landforms and deformation processes involved in the landslide. All techniques confirm movement across the main landslide body, with the greatest displacement at the south end in the vicinity of a lock-block retaining wall. Mapping and geophysical surveys indicate a high relief bedrock
surface overlain by up to 80 metres of clay, till and gravel with saline groundwater in the main body and landslide toe. Planar sub-surface features revealed in geophysical profiles include tabular bedding and earth material contacts. Profiles also show discrete curvilinear features interpreted as
retrogressive translational failure planes in clay-rich layers beneath the retaining wall and rail ballast that extend below the Thompson River. Innovative research and development at this site provides national railway companies, governments and local communities with better information to predict
landslide movement and reduce risks to the environment, economy, natural resources and public safety. The painting is a southward view of the Thompson River valley showing bedrock, glacial deposits, scattered boulders, landslide scarps, radar satellite monitoring prisms and global positioning
stations flanking the rail tracks and retaining wall at the Ripley Landslide, near Ashcroft in south-central British Columbia. About the artist: Dr. David Huntley is a research scientist with the Geological Survey of Canada.
Report of activities for predictive surficial geology mapping derived from LANDSAT 7, Wecho River, NTS 85-O, Northwest Territories, GEM2 Mackenzie Project
Authors: Morse P D , Kerr D E , Wolfe S A
Published: November 2015

The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program lays the foundation for sustainable economic development in the North, and the Mackenzie Corridor region of interest represents the largest unmapped (bedrock and surficial geology) area of Northwest
Territories. The lack of geologic knowledge in this area is a significant detriment to the economic potential of the region. The Wecho River map (NTS 85-O) identifies surficial geology and associated landforms left by the retreat of the last glaciers which covered the area about 9500 years ago. This
preliminary map of surficial geology is based on remote predictive mapping, airphoto interpretation and fieldwork. The goal is to develop a timely first-version map, validated in selected areas and reviewed by geological experts, which reasonably depicts the distribution of surficial sediments for
northern industry exploration and development purposes.
Mineralization potential in volcanic rocks of the Strand Fiord Formation and associated intrusions, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Williamson M -C , MacRae R A
Published: November 2015

Foreword
This report describes a research proposal on the Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization potential of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) in the Canadian Arctic Islands. The report focused on a comparison between the lava flows in the Strand Fiord Formation and the Siberian Traps in the Norils'k region,
Russia. The report was distributed to several mining companies in 2001 to receive feedback on the scientific objectives, methodology and timelines of the proposed study. Although the project was not initially funded by the Geological Survey of Canada, it led to (1) several B.Sc. Honours thesis
projects (Lyon, 2005; Jones, 2006; Hachkowski, 2011); (2) geochronological studies on HALIP rocks (Villeneuve and Williamson, 2006); (3) renewed interest in the interaction between evaporites and igneous rocks (Jones et al., 2007; Zentilli et al., 2008); (4) and a 4-year multidisciplinary project on
gossans (Williamson et al., 2014, 2015). The report was an incentive for renewed field investigations on Axel Heiberg Island1 and for an evaluation of the Ni-Cu-PGE potential of HALIP rocks based on geochemical signatures (Ernst and Buchan, 2010; Jowitt et al., 2014). Ultimately, the unpublished
report was cited as the driver for an exploration campaign by Vale Inco Ltd. that led to the discovery of a massive sulphide showing in the region of interest (Goddard, 2010). In August 2014, an activity focused on the Ni-Cu-PGE potential of HALIP rocks was approved as part of the GEM 2 research
program2 in collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, northerners and their institutions, academia and the private sector (Figure 1). The activity was formulated in response to renewed interest in magmatic sulphide deposits associated with LIPs on a global scale (e.g. Begg et al.,
2010; Lightfoot and Evans-Lamswood, 2015; Barnes et al., in press). Publication of this legacy report will provide GEM 2 participants and collaborators with access to research that underpins the current state of knowledge on the Canadian portion of the HALIP. Field and laboratory studies that are
underway continue to build upon and refine the interpretations presented here (Dewing, 2015).
Accessibility and availability of the Female Condom2: Healthcare provider’s perspective
Authors: Phiri Seepaneng S. , Rikhotso Richard , Moagi Miriam M. , Bhana Varshika M. , Jiyane Priscilla M.
Published: November 2015

Background: Despite the acceptability of the Female Condom2 (FC2) as a contraceptive method by some women, it remains inaccessible and unavailable to the majority of women because of affordability, training, distribution and marketing strategies. The FC2 affords women dual protection and the option to negotiate safe sex.Objective: This paper explores and describes the perspective of the healthcare providers regarding accessibility and availability of the FC2 as a contraceptive method in the Tshwane district.Method: The study used an explorative, descriptive, and qualitative design. Data were collected from 26 healthcare providers who were purposively selected. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with these healthcare providers in the Tshwane district. Tesch’s method of open coding was used for data analysis.Results: Two main themes emerged, namely, the availability of the FC2 and the knowledge o fthe healthcare providers. The findings of this study indicated that the availability of the FC2 remains a challenge because of factors such as lack of affordability, inefficient procurement and lack of distribution measures. The condoms are also not available at strategic points so as to ensure accessibility. Insufficient knowledge amongst healthcare providers was described as a barrier which affects the quality of training of the service users.Conclusions: It is evident that the FC2 is not yet available in all healthcare settings, therefore strategies to safeguard accessibility and availability of the FC2 as a contraceptive method are recommended.
Total Character of a Group G with (G, Z(G)) as a Generalized Camina Pair
Authors: Prajapati S. K. , Sarma R.
Published: November 2015

We investigate whether the total character of a finite group G is a polynomial in a suitable irreducible character of G. When (G, Z(G)) is a generalized Camina pair, we show that the total character is a polynomial in a faithful irreducible character of G if and only if Z(G) is cyclic.
Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Based Isogeometric Analysis for Allen-Cahn Equations on Surfaces
Authors: Zhang Futao , Xu Yan , Chen Falai , Guo Ruihan
Published: November 2015

We propose a method that combines Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) with the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin (IPDG) method for solving the Allen-Cahn equation, arising from phase transition in materials science, on three-dimensional (3D) surfaces consisting of multiple patches. DG ideology is adopted at patch level, i.e., we employ the standard IGA within each patch, and employ the IPDG method across the patch interfaces. IGA is very suitable for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on (3D) surfaces and the IPDG method is used to glue the multiple patches together to get the right solution. Our method takes advantage of both IGA and the IPDG method, which allows us to design a superior semi-discrete (in time) IPDG scheme. First and most importantly, the time-consuming mesh generation process in traditional Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is no longer necessary and refinements, includingh-refinement andp-refinement which both maintain the original geometry, can be easily performed at any level. Moreover, the flexibility of the IPDG method makes our method very easy to handle cases with non-conforming patches and different degrees across the patch interfaces. Additionally, the geometrical error is eliminated (for all conic sections) or significantly reduced at the beginning due to the geometric flexibility of IGA basis functions, especially the use of multiple patches. Finally, this method can be easily formulated and implemented. We present our semi-discrete IPDG scheme after generally describe the problem, and then briefly introduce the time marching method employed in this paper. Theoretical analysis is carried out to show that our method satisfies a discrete energy law, and achieves the optimal convergence rate with respect to theL2norm. Furthermore, we propose an elliptic projection operator on (3D) surfaces and prove an approximation error estimate which are vital for us to obtain the error estimate in theL2norm. Numerical tests are given to validate the theory and gauge the good performance of our method.
A Minimum Action Method with Optimal Linear Time Scaling
Authors: Wan Xiaoliang
Published: November 2015

In this work, we develop a minimum action method (MAM) with optimal linear time scaling, called tMAM for short. The main idea is to relax the integration time as a functional of the transition path through optimal linear time scaling such that a direct optimization of the integration time is not required. The Feidlin-Wentzell action functional is discretized by finite elements, based on whichh-type adaptivity is introduced to tMAM. The adaptive tMAM does not require reparametrization for the transition path. It can be applied to deal with quasi-potential: 1) When the minimal action path is subject to an infinite integration time due to critical points, tMAM with a uniform mesh converges algebraically at a lower rate than the optimal one. However, the adaptive tMAM can recover the optimal convergence rate. 2) When the minimal action path is subject to a finite integration time, tMAM with a uniform mesh converges at the optimal rate since the problem is not singular, and the optimal integration time can be obtained directly from the minimal action path. Numerical experiments have been implemented for both SODE and SPDE examples.
An Adaptive Combined Preconditioner with Applications in Radiation Diffusion Equations
Authors: Yue Xiaoqiang , Shu Shi , Xu Xiao wen , Zhou Zhiyang
Published: November 2015

The paper aims to develop an effective preconditioner and conduct the convergence analysis of the corresponding preconditioned GMRES for the solution of discrete problems originating from multi-group radiation diffusion equations. We firstly investigate the performances of the most widely used preconditioners (ILU(k) and AMG) and their combinations (Bco and Bco), and provide drawbacks on their feasibilities. Secondly, we reveal the underlying complementarity of ILU(k) and AMG by analyzing the features suitable for AMG using more detailed measurements on multiscale nature of matrices and the effect of ILU(k) on multiscale nature. Moreover, we present an adaptive combined preconditioner Bcoα involving an improved ILU(0) along with its convergence constraints. Numerical results demonstrate that Bcoα-GMRES holds the best robustness and efficiency. At last, we analyze the convergence of GMRES with combined preconditioning which not only provides a persuasive support for our proposed algorithms, but also updates the existing estimation theory on condition numbers of combined preconditioned systems.
High Order Numerical Simulation of Detonation Wave Propagation Through Complex Obstacles with the Inverse Lax-Wendroff Treatment
Authors: Wang Cheng , Ding Jianxu , Tan Sirui , Han Wenhu
Published: November 2015

The high order inverse Lax-Wendroff (ILW) procedure is extended to boundary treatment involving complex geometries on a Cartesian mesh. Our method ensures that the numerical resolution at the vicinity of the boundary and the inner domain keeps the fifth order accuracy for the system of the reactive Euler equations with the two-step reaction model. Shock wave propagation in a tube with an array of rectangular grooves is first numerically simulated by combining a fifth order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme and the ILW boundary treatment. Compared with the experimental results, the ILW treatment accurately captures the evolution of shock wave during the interactions of the shock waves with the complex obstacles. Excellent agreement between our numerical results and the experimental ones further demonstrates the reliability and accuracy of the ILW treatment. Compared with the immersed boundary method (IBM), it is clear that the influence on pressure peaks in the reflected zone is obviously bigger than that in the diffracted zone. Furthermore, we also simulate the propagation process of detonation wave in a tube with three different widths of wall-mounted rectangular obstacles located on the lower wall. It is shown that the shock pressure along a horizontal line near the rectangular obstacles gradually decreases, and the detonation cellular size become large and irregular with the decrease of the obstacle width.
A Polynomial Chaos Method for Dispersive Electromagnetics
Authors: Gibson Nathan L.
Published: November 2015

Electromagnetic wave propagation in complex dispersive media is governed by the time dependent Maxwell's equations coupled to equations that describe the evolution of the induced macroscopic polarization. We consider “polydispersive” materials represented by distributions of dielectric parameters in a polarization model. The work focuses on a novel computational framework for such problems involving Polynomial Chaos Expansions as a method to improve the modeling accuracy of the Debye model and allow for easy simulation using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Stability and dispersion analyzes are performed for the approach utilizing the second order Yee scheme in two spatial dimensions.
Heat Jet Approach for Atomic Simulations at Finite Temperature
Authors: Tang Shaoqiang , Liu Baiyili
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we propose a heat jet approach for atomic simulations at finite
temperature. Thermal fluctuations are injected into an atomic subsystem from its
boundaries, without modifying the governing equations for the interior domain.
More precisely, we design a two way local boundary condition, and take the
incoming part of a phonon representation for thermal fluctuation input. In this
way, nonthermal wave propagation simulations are effectively performed at finite
temperature. We further apply this approach to nonlinear chains with the Morse
potential. Chains with model parameters fitted to carbon and gold are simulated
at room temperature with fidelity.
Highest extent of lateral and medial heads of triceps brachii muscle
Authors: Lovesh S. , Kaur D. , Jain M. , Pandey S.
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Various studies have been done on triceps brachii muscle but the description of the highest extent of lateral and medial head of triceps brachii muscle remained unexplored that is why this study was undertaken to know the extent of their proximal attachments in relation to anatomical neck of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint. Materials and Methods: The shoulder region of 50 formalin fixed upper limbs were dissected to explore the capsule of shoulder joint to reach the highest extent of lateral & medial head of triceps brachii muscle where the nature of fibres, fleshy or tendinous was noted. Oblique and vertical distances of proximal attachment of lateral & medial head of triceps brachii muscle to the anatomical neck of humerous was measured with the help of a sliding caliper. Results: Medial head of triceps brachii muscle in all the cases was fleshy in origin while that of lateral head; fibres were fleshy and tendinous in 82% & 18% of cases, respectively. Fibres of lateral and medial head were blending with the capsule of shoulder joint in 28% & 6% of cases respectively. Maximum cases of lateral head were having their oblique and vertical distances between 21-40 mm (64% & 58% respectively) while those for medial head were >40 mm (68% & 74% respectively). Conclusion: Accurate knowledge of these anatomical patterns of triceps brachii muscle are of considerable clinical importance in the conduct of reparative open access and arthroscpic surgeries around the shoulder and the fracture management of the upper end of humerus.
Remobilization in aquatic medium of rat soleus immobilized in lengthening
Authors: Meireles A. , Rocha B. , Silva L. , Ribeiro L. , Brancalhão R. , Bertolini G.
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate histomorphometrically two protocols of aquatic exercise on soleus of rats immobilized in dorsiflexion. Material and Methods: It was used 30 Wistar rats, randomly distributed in five groups: G1 - right hindlimb immobilized in maximum dorsiflexion, for 15 consecutive days, after this the animals were euthanized; G2 - also immobilized in maximum dorsiflexion, for 15 consecutive days, then the animals were freely remobilized; G3 - submitted to remobilization by free swim; G4 - submitted to remobilization with overload of 10% of body weight; G5 - remobilization by jumping in water with overload of 50% of body weight. The immobilization model used was made by plaster cast directly in the lower right limb of each animal. After removing the immobilization, the animals were submitted to remobilization for 10 days according to the group. At the end of the remobilization, the right and left soleus muscles were isolated, cleaned and weighed on an analytical balance, each muscle was sectioned longitudinally, and the medial part was used to evaluation of longitudinal parameters and the medial for cross-sectional assessment. Results: for the estimate of sarcomeres in series, muscular and sarcomere length there were not signiicant differences. For the muscle mass and fibers diameter there were difference between right and left soleus, but not for the groups. Conclusion: the used protocol of immobilization/remobilization was insufficient to cause changes in the overall longitudinal soleus, but the immobilization produced reduced mass and diameter of the ibers, which are not reversed with remobilization protocols.
The effects of topical treatment with 5-fluorouracil on potentially malignant lesions of mice oral mucosa
Authors: Costa G. , Almeida E. , Cavalcanti F. , Castro J.
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) discloses a cure rate greater than 90 percent in potentially malignant lesions of skin. In the oral cavity, these lesions are treat in most cases with practice surgery, which reduces the number of patient involvement by malignant lesions, not being usual treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil in orabase® in potentially malignant lesions of the lingual mucosa in mice. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) were submitted to carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), 100 μg/ml in drinking water for 8 weeks, and on developing potentially malignant lesions on the tongue, were treated daily, with topical 5-FU in orabase® at concentrations of 0.5% and 5%, for 3 weeks. The tongues were processed for analysis by light microscopy. Results: Treatment with 5-FU in orabase® was shown to be effective in the histological degree of involution of the epithelial lesions of the tongue in the treated animals (p<0.05). However, when compared, there was no statistically significant difference between the two concentrations (p>0.05). Conclusions: The 5-FU in orabase® was shown to be a feasible therapy in potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity.
Morphological evaluation of cartilage development in the distal femoral epiphysis of human fetuses
Authors: Cal Rosa J. , Liberti E.
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The epiphysis cartilage in the knee joint has been widely studied in recent decades due to the joint complexity and its clinical importance. However, there is little information about morphological and ultrastructural aspects of normal cartilage development of the knee joint, particularly in human fetuses of different age, which could contribute to a better understanding of diseases and malformations during development. Materials and Methods: This research was performed with 20 human fetuses covering the age range 16 to 31 weeks of intrauterine life, which were divided into 4 groups (n = 5). Morphometric analysis of the distal femoral epiphysis cartilage were realized for the parameters: chondrocytes area, percent density of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as qualitative analysis of the distribution, organization and characterization of collagen fibers making use of Picrosirius staining under analysis with polarized light. Results: It was verified that the chondrocytes area and density of ECM increased with advancing age, while the density of chondrocytes decreased. Also in the epiphyseal region, immature cartilage of younger fetuses, initially with characteristics of a proliferation zone starts to present, in older age fetuses, characteristics of a maturation zone, with larger chondrocytes and more distant from each other. In the epiphysis surface the organization and orientation of the collagen ibers changed in different groups, from an irregular orientation in the younger fetuses group, to a pantograph organization in the most developed fetuses group. Conclusion: During fetal development, the maturation of cartilage combines increasing ECM percent density and changes in the collagen fibers organization and orientation, contributing to the required cartilage properties for each stage of its development.
Men and women do not have the same relation between body composition and postural sway
Authors: Alonso A. , Mochizuki L. , Luna N. , Canonica A. , Souza R. , Maifrino L. , Figueira Junior A. , Bocalini D. , Greve J.
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of body composition on the postural sway during quiet standing. Our hypothesis is that men and women do not have the same relation between body composition and postural sway during quiet standing. Materials and Methods: Participated in the study 50 men and 50 women; age range: 20-40 years old. The main outcome measures were: Body composition (bone densitometry), percentage of fat (% fat) tissue (g), fat (g), lean mass (g), bone mineral content (g) and bone mineral density (g/cm2); Anthropometry: body mass (kg), height (cm), length of the trunk-head (cm), length of lower limbs (cm). The following indices were calculated: body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and Postural balance test - center ofpressure displacement. Results: The correlation analysis showed low correlations between postural sway and anthropometric variables. The multiple linear regression model showed that the body composition and the anthropometry were able to explain only men's postural sway. Conclusion: The postural sway is sex type dependent. Men and women have different relations between body composition and postural sway. Only male's body composition affected the body sway.
Sensitivity of remotely sensed trace gas concentrations to polarisation
Authors: O'Brien D. M. , Polonsky I. N. , Kumer J. B.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Current and proposed space missions estimate column-averaged concentrations of trace gases (CO2, CH4 and CO) from high resolution spectra of reflected sunlight in absorption bands of the gases. The radiance leaving the top of the atmosphere is partially polarised by both reflection at the surface and scattering within the atmosphere. Generally, the polarisation state is unknown and could degrade the accuracy of the concentration measurements. The sensitivity to polarisation is modelled for the proposed geoCARB instrument, which will include neither polarisers nor polarisation scramblers to select particular polarisation states from the incident radiation. The radiometric and polarimetric calibrations proposed for geoCARB are outlined, and a model is developed for the polarisation properties of the geoCARB spectrographs. This model depends principally upon the efficiencies of the gratings to polarisations parallel and perpendicular to the rulings of the gratings. Next, an ensemble of polarised spectra is simulated for geoCARB observing targets in India, China and Australia from geostationary orbit at longitude 110° E. The spectra are analysed to recover the trace gas concentrations in two modes, the first denied access to the polarimetric calibration and the second with access. The retrieved concentrations using the calibration data are almost identical to those that would be obtained with polarisation scramblers, while the retrievals without calibration data contain outliers that do not meet the accuracies demanded by the mission.
Integrated radar and lidar analysis reveals extensive loss of remaining intact forest on Sumatra 2007–2010
Authors: Collins M. B. , Mitchard E. T. A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Forests with high above-ground biomass (AGB), including those growing on peat swamps, have historically not been thought suitable for biomass mapping and change detection using synthetic aperture radar (SAR). However, by integrating L-band (λ = 0.23 m) SAR from the ALOS and lidar from the ICESat Earth-Observing satellites with 56 field plots, we were able to create a forest biomass and change map for a 10.7 Mha section of eastern Sumatra that still contains high AGB peat swamp forest. Using a time series of SAR data we estimated changes in both forest area and AGB. We estimate that there was 274 ± 68 Tg AGB remaining in natural forest (≥ 20 m height) in the study area in 2007, with this stock reducing by approximately 11.4 % over the subsequent 3 years. A total of 137.4 kha of the study area was deforested between 2007 and 2010, an average rate of 3.8 % yr−1. The ability to attribute forest loss to different initial biomass values allows for far more effective monitoring and baseline modelling for avoided deforestation projects than traditional, optical-based remote sensing. Furthermore, given SAR's ability to penetrate the smoke and cloud which normally obscure land cover change in this region, SAR-based forest monitoring can be relied on to provide frequent imagery. This study demonstrates that, even at L-band, which typically saturates at medium biomass levels (ca. 150 Mg ha−1), in conjunction with lidar data, it is possible to make reliable estimates of not just the area but also the carbon emissions resulting from land use change.
From runoff to rainfall: inverse rainfall–runoff modelling in a high temporal resolution
Authors: Herrnegger M. , Nachtnebel H. P. , Schulz K.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Rainfall exhibits a large spatio-temporal variability, especially in complex alpine terrain. Additionally, the density of the monitoring network in mountainous regions is low and measurements are subjected to major errors, which lead to significant uncertainties in areal rainfall estimates. In contrast, the most reliable hydrological information available refers to runoff, which in the presented work is used as input for an inverted HBV-type rainfall–runoff model that is embedded in a root finding algorithm. For every time step a rainfall value is determined, which results in a simulated runoff value closely matching the observed runoff. The inverse model is applied and tested to the Schliefau and Krems catchments, situated in the northern Austrian Alpine foothills. The correlations between inferred rainfall and station observations in the proximity of the catchments are of similar magnitude compared to the correlations between station observations and independent INCA (Integrated Nowcasting through Comprehensive Analysis) rainfall analyses provided by the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG). The cumulative precipitation sums also show similar dynamics. The application of the inverse model is a promising approach to obtain additional information on mean areal rainfall. This additional information is not solely limited to the simulated hourly data but also includes the aggregated daily rainfall rates, which show a significantly higher correlation to the observed values. Potential applications of the inverse model include gaining additional information on catchment rainfall for interpolation purposes, flood forecasting or the estimation of snowmelt contribution. The application is limited to (smaller) catchments, which can be represented with a lumped model setup, and to the estimation of liquid rainfall.
Influence of operation temperature variations on NO measurements in low concentrations when applying the pulsed polarization technique to thimble-type lambda probes
Authors: Fischer S. , Schönauer-Kamin D. , Pohle R. , Fleischer M. , Moos R.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. By applying the pulsed polarization technique, a thimble-type lambda probe can be used as a NOx sensor in the low ppm range. Due to the robustness of the sensor in harsh exhaust gas environments, this approach has many opportunities for application. The temperature operating range for best NO sensing properties is a crucial parameter. The sensor temperature changes with the ambient gas temperature, but can be stabilized actively by internal heating in a certain temperature range. This study evaluates in detail the temperature influence on NO sensitivity, so that an optimum operating point can be derived from these results using a dynamic measurement technique. Stepwise NO concentration changes between 0 and 12.5 ppm in synthetic exhausts demonstrate the potential of the concept.
Imprint of external climate forcing on coastal upwelling in past and future climate
Authors: Tim N. , Zorita E. , Hünicke B. , Yi X. , Emeis K.-C.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems are the major coastal upwelling regions. The trade winds are driving these upwelling regimes located in the subtropics at the eastern boundary of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. Here we analyse the impact of the external climate forcing, e.g. the greenhouse gas concentration, solar activity and volcano eruptions, on these upwelling systems in simulations of ensembles of two Earth System Models. The ensembles contain three simulations for each time period which cover the past millennium (900–1850), the 20th century (1850–2005) and the near future (2006–2100). Using a set of simulations, differing only in their initial conditions, enables us to detect whether the variability is driven internally or externally. Our analysis shows that the variability of the simulated upwelling is to the most driven internally and that there are no significant trends except for the scenario with the most dramatic increase of greenhouse gas concentrations.
Dog's Best Friend?
Authors: Guzman Matthew
Published: November 2015

“A Dog's Tale” encapsulates the duality that the domesticated dog as both loyal “friend” and dependable scientific “instrument” denotes. Twain paints a dark portrait of man's association with “beast.” Additionally, the story presents much more than a simple anthropomorphic tale. Although the nonhuman narrator has humanlike characteristics, one is always aware that Aileen Mavourneen is a dog. Nowhere is this divide more apparent than in the narrator's failed attempts to “understand” the language and behavior of the human characters. The tale epitomizes the dogma of man's rule over “lower” creatures, but it does not fully reaffirm these accepted beliefs. Rather, the story problematizes our position relative to these “lower creatures,” most notably through the inconsistencies between language, interpretation, and physical response; the story also forces readers to confront the inconsistent treatment of “man's best friend” as well as humanity's privileged locus as reasoning animals.
“Young” Walter F. Brown
Authors: Effgen Alex Brink
Published: November 2015

This paper explores the work of artist Walter Frances Brown (1853–1929), a primary illustrator for Mark Twain's A Tramp Abroad (1880). Examining Brown's work from the start of his career through A Tramp Abroad reveals parallels in the careers of both men. Brown and Twain shared a regard for irreverence of expression, even when subject to higher authorities of taste and propriety. Both men also relished an inside joke, or personal reference, in their media. Expanding on Beverly David's research, this paper examines the greater context of Brown's contribution to A Tramp Abroad, revealing the precedent of artistic allusion within examples of his illustration.
Concentric Failures
Authors: Martinez Leonard
Published: November 2015

This article compares the narrative endings of Herman Melville's “Benito Cereno” and Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson, which represent a fundamental change in the nation's anxiety toward representation and multi-discourse. Comparing the narrative failures to confront fully the race issue in both texts reveals that the introduction of racialized science for Twain represented a shift that prevented the repression and deferral that is seen in Melville's purely social anxieties. Twain's chaotic text represents not the fear of nascent medical technologies that reinscribe or strengthen racial systems, but rather an evolution from Melville's fear of mono-readings to an anxiety of multiple readings which must be individually navigated.
Life at Quarry Farm Today: Guests and “Ghosts”
Authors: Bush Harold K.
Published: November 2015

This narrative is about my weeklong stay at Quarry Farm in 2009. I try to indicate some of the ways this place was special for Twain as a writer, a nature lover, and a family man.
Shooting Fish in a Barrel:
Authors: Wonham Henry B.
Published: November 2015

Henry B. Wonham visited Quarry Farm for two weeks in September of 2014. His research there included work on several projects, including a history of Mark Twain's experiences in the Adirondack Mountains.
Privacy and Society in a Manner Conjoined
Authors: Driscoll Kerry
Published: November 2015

A personal reflection on the unique resource of Quarry Farm for all members of the Mark Twain community
The Tradition on Jihad of the Sword, Counter-Narratives, and Policy
Authors: Johnson James Turner
Published: November 2015

This article addresses two sets of issues, one historical and thematic, the other contemporary. The first is the normative tradition on jihad of the sword and its expression in different contexts. The second is the relation of religion to the formation of policy, where historical Muslim doctrine and practice has produced a significantly different perspective on this relationship from that in the West. This complicates efforts at mutual understanding and conceptions of present-day radical Islamist militant discourses and practices. My aim will be to identify the main issues at stake so as to provide a meaningful outline for possible engagement.
Breaking Down the Ethnic Albanian Foreign Fighters Phenomenon
Authors: Shtuni Adrian
Published: November 2015

This essay examines the involvement of ethnic Albanian foreign fighters in the conflict in Syria and Iraq with a particular focus on Kosovo Albanians, given their higher participation rate in the conflict. It explores regional historical and contextual conditions conducive to religious radicalization among ethnic Albanians, assesses the scale of the foreign fighter problem and possible structural drivers of radicalization, and provides an overview of the fighters' backgrounds, affiliations, motivations, and narratives. The study ultimately concludes that effective counter-narrative campaigns and broader government responses must be informed by a comprehensive understanding of the underlying conditions of and reasons for radicalization.
Educar para la virtualidad y la virtualidad para educar
Authors: Soriano Rodríguez Ana María
Published: November 2015

El desarrollo constante de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) ha hecho que los contextos en tiempo y espacio real sean trasladados a contextos virtuales en constante conectividad, ya sincrónicos o asincrónicos. Los roles del educador y estudiante han adoptado nuevas dimensiones y los procesos educativos-comunicativos han adquirido nuevas características dado los ambientes, escenarios y formas de interacción que han proporcionado las TIC. Este ensayo se plantea la necesidad de diferenciar el uso que se hace de la virtualidad con propósitos educativos y la educación que se requiere para ser usuario responsable y creativo de la virtualidad.Diá-logos 13, 19-31.
Centro de escritura en la Escuela de Idiomas de la Universidad Don Bosco
Authors: Pérez de Cabrera Lorena Beatriz
Published: November 2015

Este artículo narra la experiencia educativa exitosa de la implementación de un Centro de Escritura en la Escuela de Idiomas de la Universidad Don Bosco en El Salvador durante el ciclo uno del año 2013. Primeramente, se examina el concepto de escritura académica por parte de los docentes de idiomas y como este concepto, por su naturaleza, no facilita el desarrollo de esta habilidad. A continuación se relata cómo el Centro de Escritura se integró como un proyecto de la cátedra Composición en Inglés 2 y brindó más de 100 asesorías a estudiantes de diversas asignaturas en inglés y español. Finalmente, la experiencia permite señalar aspectos puntuales que de ser apoyados se trasladarían en una mejora significativa de los niveles de alfabetización académica de los estudiantes de idiomas en la UDB.Diá-logos 13, 33-40.
Ijtihad in Quranic Exegesis
Authors: Haftador Hasan Rezaee , Khodaparast Azam
Published: November 2015

The ijtihadi method of Quranic exegesis is one of the popular and proper methods of interpretation of religious texts. It is superior to the methods of subjective opinion (tafsīr bi al-raʾy) and narrative exegesis, and possesses many positive features and applications. These features, which are results of the evolution and comprehensiveness of ijtihadi exegesis as well as the multidisciplinary approach, have led to favourable reception of this method among Muslim exegetes. With a focus on the exegesis by Shaykh Ṭūsī, founder of the ijtihadi approach, exegetes have developed necessary conditions for using the method. These include jurisprudential, ethical, academic, and, most importantly in this approach, rational conditions. Muslim exegetes have provided valid reasons for ijtihadi tafsir including Quranic, narrative, and conventional rationales as well as the argument for the necessity of ijtihadi tafsir and the fact that it was an early method utilised by exegetes. Each of these rationales differ in their manner of presentation. However, all exegetes are unanimous that ijtihadi tafsir is permissible.
A Delphi Study to Determine Innovation Orientation Survey Items for Undergraduates in Malaysian Public University
Authors: Nordin Norfarah , Md. Zain Ahmad Nurulazam , Samsudin Mohd Ali
Published: November 2015

This research aims to produce innovation orientation survey items for quantitative research use in the context of undergraduates in Malaysia. The hypothesized model of innovation orientation consists of creativity, innovation motivation, entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy constructs. These five constructs was established employing comprehensive literature reviews. 24 items was adapted and three rounds of Delphi study were conducted to validate them. Participants were 20 Malaysian higher education institutions’ academicians. The initial 24 items to measure the five constructs went through refinement and contextualization to conceive innovation orientation for undergraduates’ survey. Consensus achieved after three rounds of Delphi study. The qualitative comments written by the participants was collected, coded and changes made were translated into the 24 items until the quantitative result for all items received moderate and high level of agreement.
Market Concentration, Market Share, and Profitability (Study at Indonesian Commercial Banking in the Period of 2001-2012)
Authors: Jumono Sapto , Achsani Noer A. , Hakim Dedi B. , Fidaus Muhamad
Published: November 2015

The objective of this research is to examine the influence of market structure on Indonesian commercial banking performance by using concentration ratio and individual market share through deposits market channel and credits market channel. There were 101 banks chosen from 120 banks in a period of 2001-2012 as sampling of research by using purposive sampling. This research uses data panel that combines data cross section and data time series, therefore panel data regression is used in this research. The result of panel data analysis has allowed us to conclude that concentration ratio of deposits market has a significant and positive influence on ROA, meanwhile concentration ratio of credits market, individual market share of deposits, and individual market share of credits market have no significant effects on ROA.
The Myth of Formalistic Aesthetics --Shostakovich’s Early Vocal Cycle and Principles of Formal beauty
Authors: Lin Mizhong
Published: November 2015

As one of the most “mysterious” and “complex” composer in 20th century, Shostakovich’s creative ideas hidden and suggested in the complicated musical appearance have always been indulged in elaborating. In the present paper, rhythm, pitch and dynamics ect. as the entry point to be dissected for Shostakovich’s early vocal cycle. I will prove that the musical aesthetics idea of Shostakovich’s early creation according to music analytics data. The results showed that his early vocal cycle was significantly affected by the aesthetics of formalism. Several aesthetic principles, such as symmetry, golden section, unity of variety, have been used very frequently in his works. Due to that the formal beauty of music can be highly emphasized, the “formal beauty as the pure beauty” concept comes clear.
Do Strategic Leadership and Self Efficacy Among School Leaders Make a Difference?
Authors: Mohd Ali Hairuddin Bin , Ali Aniyath
Published: November 2015

The main purpose of the study is to investigate if there is any significant relationship between Strategic Leadership Characteristics of Maldivian school leaders and their Leadership Self-efficacy. The study employed a survey approach and the data were collected using an adapted seven point Likert scale survey questionnaire. Data were collected from 23 schools in the capital city Male’, Republic of Maldives. A total of 200 school leaders (45 males and 155 females) participated in the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation and Structural Equation Modeling. The findings of the study revealed that the school leaders in Male’ possessed all nine characteristics of strategic leadership. It also indicated that school leaders’ in Male’ have quite a bit of control in their roles as school leaders, revealing a high perception level of self-efficacy. Moreover, the results of the correlation analysis and examination of path analysis indicated that there was statistically significant and positive relationship between Strategic Leadership Characteristics of Maldivian school leaders and their Leadership Self-efficacy. The present study provides a starting-point for further exploring the strategic leadership qualities and self-efficacy of school leaders which are vital to bring a positive reform in schools. This study highlights that executing strategic leadership is essential to deal with both the need for sustainable change. It further indicates that both self-efficacy and strategic leadership are important to school leaders’ as they affect performance of the leaders through different mechanisms.

 

Keywords: Strategic leadership; leadership self efficacy; Maldives school leaders; structural equation modeling.
The Use of ‘World Wide Web in Students’ Learning of Tarbiyah and Teacher Faculty of IAIN Kendari
Authors: Zulkifli M.
Published: November 2015

This Study aims at understanding what extent of the use of World Wide Web (WWW) in learning for students of Tarbiyah and Teacher Faculty of State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Kendari improve the students’ learning achievement. The scope of the study is the use of WWW in learning for all subject of Tarbiyah Faculty students at IAIN Kendari. The Technique of Data Collection uses observation and Interview which are analyzed qualitatively. The subjects are the students of Tarbiyah and Teacher Faculty at IAIN Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The finding shows that the use of WWW in Students learning of Tarbiyah Faculty tend to use the Web Mail and Search Engine Service where the most access are Google and Yahoo. Various information needed in learning whether cognitive, affective, social integration or personal integration, can be accessed by WWW. But, the students cannot access the WWW maximally because of the limitation of Wi-Fi Connection service in campus.
Relationship between the Belief System and Emotional Well-Being of Single Mothers
Authors: Abd Ghani Faizah , Ibrahim Farah Adibah , Abd Aziz Azian , Mahfar Mastura
Published: November 2015

This study aimed to identify the relationship between the belief system and emotional well-being of single mothers in Kluang, Johor. This study involved 58 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to identify the emotional well-being and respondents' belief system. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS 19.0). Descriptive statistics in the form of percentage, mean, and inferential statistics, namely, ‘Pearson r’ correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between single mothers’ emotions and their belief system. Results of the study found the single mothers’ emotional well-being to be moderate (M = 23:56, S.D = 6.62) and their belief system to be high (M = 37.55, S.D = 8.22). In addition, the study also showed a significant difference between the single mothers’ age, reason for becoming single mothers, occupation, number of dependent children and family members, in relation to the single mothers’ belief system and emotional well-being. However, there was no significant difference in the relationship between their level of education and belief system. The study also showed a moderate correlation between the two variables (r = 0.665, p = 0.000). Implications of the study are discussed and further research can be carried out on samples who have recently experienced a separation or divorce, to assess the short term and long term impact. 