bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1,3‐Acetonedicarboxylic Acid as a Simple Stimulus for Reversible Time‐Controlled pH Modulation
Authors: Verdoot Vincent , Quintard Adrien
Published: October 2023

Implementation of new activated carboxylic acids is crucial to switch reversibly chemical systems over time in a safer manner. By applying cheap 1,3‐acetonedicarboxylic acid, the pH of aqueous solutions can be decreased before autonomously evolving over time back again to a higher value upon diacid decarboxylation. This decarboxylation can be catalysed by different species such as simple amines or simple metals such as iron and copper salts. This process generates 2 molecules of CO2 and acetone as single waste, considerably decreasing the toxicity associated with such activated acids. The potential of this weak diacid was confirmed by reversibly disrupting a strong gel upon diacid addition and opens the way to the application in complex chemically fuelled systems.
Report of the Special‐purpose Committee on DNA Sequences as Types, established at the XIX International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Lehtonen Samuli , Thiele Kevin R.
Published: October 2023

A Special‐purpose Committee on DNA Sequences as Types was established at the XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Shenzhen, China in 2017, with a mandate to report to the XX IBC with recommendations on a preferred course of action with respect to DNA sequences as potential types under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. This report provides a synthesis of the deliberations from the Special‐purpose Committee on this issue. We discuss two potential options for dealing with the problem that many species, especially of microfungi and microalgae, can be discovered and delimited using eDNA sequencing but cannot currently be formally named due to the requirement in the Code that either a specimen or illustration be nominated as holotype. One option is to expand the definition of “type” to include DNA sequences, while a second option would allow some taxa to be named without types, the application of their names instead being determined using a DNA sequence. This report should be read in concert with two formal proposals for potential amendments to effect these options, published in this issue of Taxon.
Report of the General Committee: 27
Authors: Wilson Karen L.
Published: October 2023

Decisions of the General Committee are reported on the second half of the proposals and requests in Report 73 of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants. Proposal (2402) on Chenopodium is noted as being unnecessary.
Reradiation Interference Suppression of Power Transmission Lines Based on Characteristic Mode Theory
Authors: Tang Bo , Wang Feng , Zhang Jiangong , Liu Ren , Zhao Zhibin
Published: October 2023

In order to decrease the reradiation interference (RRI) of power transmission lines, aiming at the defects that the existing RRI suppression methods cannot be applied to the constructed power transmission lines, and cannot suppress all the RRI extreme values in the frequency band, this paper innovatively proposes a RRI suppression method based on characteristic mode (CM) theory. Firstly, we briefly introduce the CM theory and decompose the total scattering field into the superposition of the characteristic electric fields; secondly, the influence of inductance and capacitance characteristics of the reactive loads on radiation behavior of the CMs is analyzed, and the ideal position for reactive loading is also discussed to reduce the contribution of CM to the total RRI; finally, a simulation experiment is carried out in AM broadcasting band, and the modal weighting coefficients of main CMs affecting the RRI is greatly reduced in the frequency band by reactive loading. Simulation results show that compared with the existing method, the proposed method can reduce the peak value of RRI by 43.9% and the overall RRI by 29.7%. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Co-production of Knowledge on Climate Change Adaptation in Reindeer Sámi Culture: Research Methodology and Ethics
Authors: Näkkäläjärvi Klemetti , Juntunen Suvi
Published: October 2023

This paper presents part of the results of the “Feasibility study on co-production of knowledge between researchers and Indigenous communities for climate change adaptation” project. The research hypothesis was that academia and Sámi communities could find ways for culturally sustainable adaptation with the ethical and systematic co-production of knowledge. The research material comprises six workshops organized in the Finnish Sámi homeland with Sámi reindeer herders. Traditional knowledge and expertise of the Sámi people were considered equal alongside academic knowledge. The workshops conveyed distrust of researchers but considered future collaboration with the academia important. Participants identified critical prerequisites for research collaboration with the academia: the projects need to support the reindeer herding culture, and Sámi participation has to be included in the projects from the beginning. The chapter provides a procedure for the ethical co-production of knowledge in the reindeer Sámi context. Effects of climate change are widespread in Sámi reindeer herding culture. Workshops concluded that climate adaptation requires, among other things, action from the administration; collaboration with reindeer herders, authorities, and researchers; and the development of the status of reindeer herding.
Reindeer Husbandry Trends: Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Western Finnmark
Authors: Degteva Anna , Okotetto Elvira , Slepushkin Igor , Romanenko Tatyana , Borodina Alexandra , Mathiesen Svein Disch
Published: October 2023

Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Nenets AO) in Russia and Western Finnmark in Norway are two large reindeer husbandry regions in the circumpolar North. The Soviet Union pioneered the industrialization and collectivization of reindeer husbandry in Nenets AO in the 1930s, while structural and rational practices of Sámi pastoralism in Western Finnmark started in the 1970s. Both regions aimed to increase meat production by manipulating the herd size and structure, seasonal calf slaughtering, changing reindeer ownership, and introducing novel labor standards such as shift working, housing programs, and mobile cabins for the herders. Experimental science of rational reindeer husbandry in the Soviet Union might have inspired reforms and a new model for reindeer husbandry established in Norway in 1976. This paper analyzes trends in reindeer husbandry in Nenets AO and Western Finnmark in light of these structural changes. An increase followed the expanded proportions of females during these periods of change in the total number of reindeer in both regions. However, we observed significant differences between trends in reindeer husbandry in Nenets AO and Western Finnmark. We conclude that while Norway implemented an adjusted version of the Soviet model with as much as 90–95% females in the herd and started slaughtering calves instead of adult females and 1.5 years old males, Soviet structural and rational practices never encompassed more than 65% females. Before this reform, 45% of the herd in Norway were traditionally females. Trend analyses in Western Finnmark and Nenets AO indicate that Norway’s extreme implementation of the new reindeer husbandry model increased the variability of calf production in Western Finnmark compared to calf production in Nenets AO. Despite Norwegian subsidies and policies encouraging high female percentages, a regression analysis based on data from 1981–2018 showed a negative correlation between the percentage of productive females and calf productivity in Western Finnmark. The rationale for the change in the management model in Norway in the 1970s was based on the assumption that reindeer herders in the North did not fully utilize the potential of the favorable climate conditions in Finnmark. However, in the past years, winters in Western Finnmark have changed. Increased winter air temperatures and changing snow conditions affect female reindeer. We conclude that Norway’s modernization program for Sámi reindeer husbandry in Western Finnmark resulted in a highly volatile production of reindeer calves that negatively affected reindeer herders’ food security and herding economy. The top-down productivity policy model for reindeer husbandry in Norway was weakly nested within Sámi herders’ traditional cultures and knowledge.
Resilience Thinking in Reindeer Husbandry
Authors: Tonkopeeva Marina , Skum Eli R. , Krarup-Hansen Kia , Sundset Monica Alterskjær , Romanenko Tatyana , Griffiths David , Moe Lars , Mathiesen Svein Disch
Published: October 2023

Resilience expresses the capacity of a social-ecological system to adapt to, absorb, or withstand perturbations and other stressors so that the system remains. Reindeer nomadic husbandry is a coupled social-ecological system that sustains resilience by interacting with the animals and environment: either the herders adjust their actions to animal behavior or change this behavior in ways that suit the herd and pastures. Stressors and shocks affecting Sámi reindeer husbandry are, for instance, sudden warm air temperatures with subsequent snow melting and freezing in winter, bad grazing conditions, loss of grazing lands, and even socio-economic reforms. All these are sudden, unprepared, or forced changes. Climate change resilience includes using reindeer herders’ Indigenous knowledge of selective breeding by maintaining different phenotypes of reindeer such as non-productive and castrated animals in the herd. Nevertheless, in Sámi reindeer husbandry in Norway today, low numbers of male reindeer and the absence of castrated animals challenge the herders’ resilience coping strategies. This chapter discusses factors that constrain resilience in herding societies, contribute to the transformation of reindeer husbandry and the erosion of resilience in the herding society.
Orientierungen und Bewältigungsstrategien der einzelnen Teams – eine sinngenetische Typenbildung
Authors: Wittfeld Meike
Published: October 2023

Ein wesentliches Ergebnis dieser Forschungsarbeit ist, dass pädagogisch alltägliche Situationen der emotionalen und körperlichen Nähe vor dem Hintergrund sexueller Gewalt für die pädagogischen Fachkräfte zu einer Herausforderung werden.
Der Gegenstand: Sexuelle Gewalt durch pädagogische Fachkräfte in Institutionen – Mediale Thematisierung und professionelle Herausforderungen
Authors: Wittfeld Meike
Published: October 2023

Seit dem Jahr 2010 hat sich die öffentliche Thematisierung von sexueller Gewalt im Allgemeinen und gegen Kinder und Jugendliche in Institutionen im Besonderen stark ausgeweitet. Bundesweit wurde von pädagogischen Organisationen berichtet, in denen Kinder und Jugendliche in der Vergangenheit massiv sexuelle Gewalt erlebt hatten. Dies hatte und hat politische, juristische, disziplinäre und professionelle Folgen.
Familialität als erstes Tertium Comparationis und Vorstellung der untersuchten Teams: „wir versuchen schon n stück dieses, (.) n stückchen familie zu leben“
Authors: Wittfeld Meike
Published: October 2023

Dieses erste empirische Kapitel beginnt mit der Darstellung des theoretical Sampling, also der theoriegeleiteten Zusammenstellung der Teams, mit denen Gruppendiskussionen durchgeführt wurden. Anschließend werden diese Teams vorgestellt.
Mediale Berichterstattung als Anlass der Thematisierung von sexueller Gewalt in Institutionen: „es gab auch so ein reformhaus im schwarzwald“
Authors: Wittfeld Meike
Published: October 2023

Die vielen medial besprochenen Fälle sexueller Gewalt in pädagogischen Einrichtungen im Jahr 2010 waren Anlass für die Idee zu diesem Forschungsprojekt. Es stellte sich die Frage, wie das Thema sexuelle Gewalt durch Kolleg*innen in Einrichtungen der stationären Kinder- und Jugendhilfe wahrgenommen und ob es durch den medialen Diskurs beeinflusst wird. In Stimulus I wurde die mediale Berichterstattung nicht explizit aufgerufen.
Entanglement entropy in conformal quantum mechanics
Authors: Arzano Michele , D’Alise Alessandra , Frattulillo Domenico
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We consider sets of states in conformal quantum mechanics associated to generators of time evolution whose orbits cover different regions of the time domain. States labelled by a continuous global time variable define the two-point correlation functions of the theory seen as a one-dimensional conformal field theory. Such states exhibit the structure of a thermofield double built on bipartite eigenstates of generators of non-global time evolution. In terms of the correspondence between radial conformal symmetries in Minkowski space-time and time evolution in conformal quantum mechanics proposed in [1, 2] these generators coincide with conformal Killing vectors tangent to worldlines of Milne and diamond observers at constant radius. The temperature of the thermofield double states in conformal quantum mechanics reproduces the temperatures perceived by such diamond and Milne observers. We calculate the entanglement entropy associated to the thermofield double states and obtain a UV divergent logarithmic behaviour analogous to known results in two-dimensional conformal field theory in which the entangling boundary is point-like.
Remplissage reduced sense of apprehension and increased the rate of return to sports at preinjury level of elite overhead athletes with on‐track anterior shoulder instability
Authors: Kirac Muge , Ergun Selim , Gamli Alper , Bayram Berhan , Kocaoglu Baris
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the results of arthroscopic isolated Bankart repair (B) with Bankart repair plus Remplissage (B + R) procedure in contact overhead athletes with on‐track anterior shoulder instability.

Methods

A total of 64 athletes playing basketball, volleyball and handball in elite professional level who underwent arthroscopic isolated Bankart repair (34 patients) or Bankart repair plus Remplissage procedure (30 patients) with the diagnosis of recurrent anterior shoulder instability between 2017 and 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Radiologically all patients had on‐track Hill‐Sachs defects and minimal or subcritical glenoid bone loss (< 13.5%). Patients were evaluated using pre‐ and postoperative pVAS, SANE, ASES, ROWE, WOSI scores and postoperative active ROM assessment. Patients were also asked for the frequency of any subjective apprehension and satisfaction with the surgery in four grades.

Results

The mean ages of the groups B and B + R were 26.8 and 26 years (SD = 3.22), respectively; the mean follow‐up times were 37.8 and 36.2 months (SD = 11.19). Compared with the preoperative status, there was a statistically significant improvement of all 5 postoperative outcome scores in both groups (P < 0.001). However, significant difference between the improvement of the groups were only found for the SANE (B: 22.3 ± 4.1, B + R: 26.3 ± 4.3; P = 0.0004), ASES (B: 26.1 ± 2.6, B + R: 30.2 ± 3.6; P < 0.001) and ROWE (B: 42 ± 3.7, B + R: 47.7 ± 2.8; P < 0.001) scores in favor of the group B + R. The loss of internal and external rotation of the adducted arm in group B + R was found to be approximately 5 degrees compared to the group B (P < 0.001). More than 80% of group B + R showed no apprehension in sports activities and almost completely returned to pre‐injury athletic level, depicting statistically significant improvement compared to group B athletes (P = 0.002 and 0.036, respectively). 3 patients developed re‐dislocation after isolated Bankart repair, whereas no re‐dislocation occurred in the B + R group.

Conclusion

Adding Remplissage procedure to the Bankart repair provided an advantage in terms of both return to sport at preinjury level and the frequency of apprehension sensation during sports activity.

Level of evidence

III.
Longitudinal changes in magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of the gluteal muscle groups and functional ability in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a 12-month cohort study
Authors: Song Yu , Xu Ke , Xu Hua-yan , Guo Ying-kun , Xu Rong , Fu Hang , Yuan Wei-feng , Zhou Zi-qi , Xu Ting , Chen Xi-jian , Wang Yi-lei , Fu Chuan , Zhou Hui , Cai Xiao-tang , Li Xue-sheng
Published: October 2023

Background

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered an objective biomarker of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but the longitudinal progression of MRI biomarkers in gluteal muscle groups and their predictive value for future motor function have not been described.

Objective

To explore MRI biomarkers of the gluteal muscle groups as predictors of motor function decline in DMD by characterizing the progression over 12 months.

Materials and methods

A total of 112 participants with DMD were enrolled and underwent MRI examination of the gluteal muscles to determine fat fraction and longitudinal relaxation time (T1). Investigations were based on gluteal muscle groups including flexors, extensors, adductors, and abductors. The North Star Ambulatory Assessment and timed functional tests were performed. All participants returned for follow-up at an average of 12 months and were divided into two subgroups (functional stability/decline groups) based on changes in timed functional tests. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to explore the risk factors associated with future motor function decline.

Results

For the functional decline group, all T1 values decreased, while fat fraction values increased significantly over 12 months (P<0.05). For the functional stability group, only the fat fraction of the flexors and abductors increased significantly over 12 months (P<0.05). The baseline T1 value was positively correlated with North Star Ambulatory Assessment and negatively correlated with timed functional tests at the 12-month follow-up (P<0.001), while the baseline fat fraction value was negatively correlated with North Star Ambulatory Assessment and positively correlated with timed functional tests at the 12-month follow-up (P<0.001). Multivariate regression showed that increased fat fraction of the abductors was associated with future motor function decline (model 1: odds ratio [OR]=1.104, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026~1.187, P=0.008; model 2: OR=1.085, 95% CI: 1.013~1.161, P=0.019), with an area under the curve of 0.874.

Conclusion

Fat fraction of the abductors is a powerful predictor of future motor functional decline in DMD patients at 12 months, underscoring the importance of focusing early on this parameter in patients with DMD.
Genetic confirmation of Tridacna noae (Röding 1798) in the Cook Islands
Authors: Morejohn Kirby , Ainley Lara , Williamson Jane , Nevatte Ryan , Liggins Libby , Cumbo Vivian R. , Gillings Michael
Published: October 2023

Giant clams are common across a broad geographic range and contribute important ecological functions within coral reef environments. However, giant clams are subject to considerable harvest pressure and require careful management that is underpinned by accurate data collection. The taxonomy of giant clams has undergone many changes, and recently, Tridacna noae (Röding 1798) has been resurrected as a valid species, distinct from the morphologically similar Tridacna maxima (Röding 1798). Using genetic analysis, this research confirms the presence of T. noae for the first time in the Cook Islands, extending the currently known distribution of the species by 1340 km south-east. This confirmation highlights that T. noae was possibly previously misidentified, causing overestimations of the abundance of other giant clam species. This new record improves the accuracy of identification and stock assessments, and ongoing management in the Cook Islands.
Ordinal utility differences
Authors: Baccelli Jean
Published: October 2023

It is widely held that under ordinal utility, utility differences are ill-defined. Allegedly, for these to be well-defined (without turning to choice under risk or the like), one should adopt as a new kind of primitive quaternary relations, instead of the traditional binary relations underlying ordinal utility functions. Correlatively, it is also widely held that the key structural properties of quaternary relations are entirely arbitrary from an ordinal point of view. These properties would be, in a nutshell, the hallmark of cardinal utility. While much is obviously true in these two tenets, this note explains why, as stated, they should be abandoned. Any ordinal utility function induces a rich quaternary relation. There is such a thing as ordinal utility differences. Furthermore, this induced quaternary relation respects, apart from completeness, the most standard structural properties of quaternary relations. These properties are, from an ordinal point of view, anything but arbitrary; from a quaternary perspective only completeness should be considered the hallmark—if any—of cardinal utility. These facts are explained to be especially relevant to the critical appreciation of the ordinalist methodology.
Comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of episignatures for diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs)
Authors: Giuili Edoardo , Grolaux Robin , Macedo Catarina Z. N. M. , Desmyter Laurence , Pichon Bruno , Neuens Sebastian , Vilain Catheline , Olsen Catharina , Van Dooren Sonia , Smits Guillaume , Defrance Matthieu
Published: October 2023

Episignatures are popular tools for the diagnosis of rare neurodevelopmental disorders. They are commonly based on a set of differentially methylated CpGs used in combination with a support vector machine model. DNA methylation (DNAm) data often include missing values due to changes in data generation technology and batch effects. While many normalization methods exist for DNAm data, their impact on episignature performance have never been assessed. In addition, technologies to quantify DNAm evolve quickly and this may lead to poor transposition of existing episignatures generated on deprecated array versions to new ones. Indeed, probe removal between array versions, technologies or during preprocessing leads to missing values. Thus, the effect of missing data on episignature performance must also be carefully evaluated and addressed through imputation or an innovative approach to episignatures design. In this paper, we used data from patients suffering from Kabuki and Sotos syndrome to evaluate the influence of normalization methods, classification models and missing data on the prediction performances of two existing episignatures. We compare how six popular normalization methods for methylarray data affect episignature classification performances in Kabuki and Sotos syndromes and provide best practice suggestions when building new episignatures. In this setting, we show that Illumina, Noob or Funnorm normalization methods achieved higher classification performances on the testing sets compared to Quantile, Raw and Swan normalization methods. We further show that penalized logistic regression and support vector machines perform best in the classification of Kabuki and Sotos syndrome patients. Then, we describe a new paradigm to build episignatures based on the detection of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and evaluate their performance compared to classical differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs)-based episignatures in the presence of missing data. We show that the performance of classical DMC-based episignatures suffers from the presence of missing data more than the DMR-based approach. We present a comprehensive evaluation of how the normalization of DNA methylation data affects episignature performance, using three popular classification models. We further evaluate how missing data affect those models’ predictions. Finally, we propose a novel methodology to develop episignatures based on differentially methylated regions identification and show how this method slightly outperforms classical episignatures in the presence of missing data.
A comparative study of the “superior mesenteric artery first” approach versus the conventional approach in short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiang , Luo Qilan , Li Shizhen , Wu Yi , Zhen Tingting , Zhu Feng , Wang Min , Pan Shutao , Qin Renyi
Published: October 2023

Background

The use of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) in pancreatic head cancer remains controversial, and an appropriate surgical approach can help improve perioperative safety and oncological outcomes. This study aimed to assess the short-term outcomes and long-term survival of the superior mesenteric artery first (SMA-first) approach in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) undergoing LPD.

Methods

The data of 91 consecutive PDAC patients who underwent LPD from June 2014 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups, the modified SMA-first approach group, using a combined posterior and anterior approach, and the conventional approach group. Perioperative outcomes, pathologic results, and overall survival (OS) were compared between groups, and propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis was performed.

Results

The number of lymph nodes harvested was greater in the SMA-first approach group (19 vs. 15, P = 0.021), as did the results in the matched cohort (21 vs. 15, P = 0.046). No significant difference was observed in the R0 resection rate (93.3% vs. 82.6%, P = 0.197), but the involvement of the SMA margin was indeed lower in the SMA-first approach group (0 vs. 13%). There were no obvious variances between the two groups in terms of intraoperative bleeding, operative time, overall and major postoperative complication rates, and mortality in either the original cohort or matched cohort. The median OS was 21.8 months in the SMA-first group, whereas it was 19.8 months in the conventional group (P = 0.900). Survival also did not differ in the matched cohort (P = 0.558). TNM stage, resection margin, overall complications, and adjuvant therapy were independent risk factors affecting OS.

Conclusion

The modified SMA-first approach is safe and feasible for PDAC patients undergoing LPD. It had a slight advantage in specimen quality, but OS was not significantly prolonged.

Graphical abstract
A comparative study between staple line reinforcement during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and no reinforcement: an Egyptian experience
Authors: El Masry Mohamed Abdul Moneim Amin , Attia Mohamed Sabry
Published: October 2023

Background

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become an increasingly popular bariatric procedure. LSG still conveys some risks, including early staple line complications such as bleeding and leaks. It has been proposed that staple line complications can be reduced by staple line reinforcement (SLR). This study aimed to compare the short-term efficacy and safety of the SLR during LSG by oversewing versus no SLR in an Egyptian cohort over a period of 11 years.

Patients and methods

This is a retrospective study that analyzed data from patients undergoing LSG by the same surgeon over a period of 11 years. The patients’ early postoperative complications were compared according to performing SLR.

Results

The SLR group showed significantly longer surgery time (p = 0.021) and a lower rate of postoperative bleeding (p = 0.027). All leakage cases occurred in the non-SLR group (0.7% vs. 0.0%) without statistical significance (p = 0.212). The two mortality cases occurred in the non-SLR group. The LOS was comparable in the two groups (p = 0.289).

Conclusion

This study confirms the short-term benefits of SLR by oversewing during LSG in terms of a lower incidence of 30-day morbidity, particularly bleeding, and lower rates of reoperation, with a clinically questionable longer operation time.
Untersuchung der Performance eines fluorfreien Gießpulvers auf einer Pilotanlage
Authors: Riedler Selina , Gruber Nathalie , Marschall Irmtraud , Ilie Viorel-Sergiu , Klösch Gerald
Published: October 2023

Herkömmliche Gießpulver für den Strangguss enthalten Netzwerkbildner (SiO2), Netzwerkwandler (CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O), Zwischenoxide (Al2O3) und Kohlenstoff. Um die Viskosität der Schlacke zu verringern, enthalten Gießpulver normalerweise Fluor. Ein hoher Fluorgehalt führt jedoch zu übermäßigem Verschleiß der Eintauchausgüsse (ETA). Zusätzlich sind Fluoremissionen schädlich für die Umwelt und stellen ein Gesundheitsrisiko dar. Zur Entwicklung neuer fluor(F)-freier Gießpulver wurden daher FactSage®-Berechnungen und Labortests durchgeführt. Bei der Auswahl der am besten geeigneten Zusammensetzung wurden der Schmelzpunkt, die Viskosität und das Kristallisationsverhalten berücksichtigt. Das neu designte F‑freie Gießpulver und das Standard-Gießpulver wurden in einer Pilotanlage eingesetzt und bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine zufriedenstellende Performance des F‑freien Gießpulvers mit einem gleichmäßigen Aufschmelzverhalten, einer ausreichenden Schmierung des Stranges und einem qualitativ hochwertigen Produkt.
Establishment of a novel classification system for alveolar morphology in infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate
Authors: Li Haizhen , Hou Yuxia , Mou Qingnan , Ren Zhanping , Tao Yongwei , Jiao Yuhua , Huang Huimei , Zhao Huaxiang
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCCLP) is one of the most severe clinical subtypes among cleft lip and palate (CLP), making repair surgery and subsequent orthodontic treatment particularly challenging. Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) has shown conflicting and heterogeneous results in the treatment of UCCLP patients, raising questions about whether the diversity in alveolar anatomical morphology among these patients plays a role in the effectiveness of PNAM treatment.

Materials and methods

We collected 90 digital maxillary models of infants with UCCLP and performed mathematical clustering analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA), decision tree modeling, and area under the ROC Curve (AUC) analysis, to classify alveolar morphology and identify key measurements. We also conducted clinical evaluations to assess the association between the alveolar morphology and CLP treatment outcomes.

Results

Using mathematical clustering analysis, we classified the alveolar morphology into three distinct types: average form, horizontal form, and longitudinal form. The decision tree model, AUC analysis, and comparison analysis revealed that four measurements (Trans ACG-ACL, ML length, MG length and Inc length) were essential for clustering the alveolar morphology of infants with UCCLP. Furthermore, the blinded clinical evaluation indicated that UCCLP patients with alveolar segments of horizontal form had the lowest treatment outcomes.

Conclusion

Overall, our findings establish a novel quantitative classification system for the morphology of alveolar bone in infants with UCCLP and suggest that this classification may be associated with the outcomes of CLP treatment.

Clinical relevance

The multidisciplinary CLP team should thoroughly evaluate and classify the specific alveolar morphology when administering PNAM to infants with UCCLP.
Führung und Lagedarstellung durch den Einsatz des Windmühlenmodells während der Corona Pandemie – eine retrospektive Datenanalyse
Authors: Wurmb Thomas , Klüpfel Marina , Leßnau Philipp , Meybohm Patrick , Hahn Niklas , Kraus Martin , Kippnich Maximilian
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Ohne Lagedarstellung und Lagebewertung ist eine übergeordnete und zielgerichtete Führung in Großschadenslagen und Katastrophen nicht möglich. Während der SARS-CoV-2(Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus type 2)-Pandemie wurde das Windmühlenmodell als Führungs- und Lagedarstellungswerkzeug entwickelt und erfolgreich eingesetzt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den bayernweiten Einsatz des Windmühlenmodells zu evaluieren.

Studiendesign und Untersuchungsmethode

Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Datenanalyse für den Zeitraum 21. November 2021 bis 20. Februar 2022. Hierbei wurden die Anwendungshäufigkeit, die Lagemeldungen, die überregionalen Patientenverlegungen und die Korrelation aus Lagemeldung und 7‑Tage-Inzidenz untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Die Anwendungshäufigkeit war insgesamt mit über 90 % hoch. Die Lagemeldungen geben die Situation an den bayerischen Krankenhäusern sehr realistisch wieder, auch die Konsequenzen aus den Lagemeldungen können gut dargestellt werden. Während der Infektionswelle November und Dezember 2021 zeigte sich eine deutliche Korrelation zwischen der 7‑Tage-Inzidenz und den im Modell dargestellten sehr angespannten Versorgungslagen auf den Intensivstationen. Diese Korrelation war während der Infektionswelle Januar und Februar 2022 aufgehoben.

Schlussfolgerung

Das Windmühlenmodell ist ein einfach und schnell anwendbares Lagedarstellungs- und Führungswerkzeug. Die Lagemeldungen geben nicht nur den Überblick über die aktuelle Situation der medizinischen Versorgungslage, es werden auch der Zusammenhang des allgemeinen Infektionsgeschehens und seine Auswirkung auf die Krankenhäuser dargestellt. Insgesamt zeigen die Daten, dass der Einsatz dieses Führungswerkzeugs im Rahmen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie im untersuchten Zeitraum erfolgreich war. Für den Einsatz bei zukünftigen Schadenslagen ist das Modell adaptierbar und einsetzbar.

Graphic abstract
Left and right corticobasal syndrome: comparison of cognitive profiles between metabolic imaging - matched groups
Authors: Isella Valeria , Licciardo Daniele , Ferri Francesca , Crivellaro Cinzia , Morzenti Sabrina , Appollonio Ildebrando Marco , Ferrarese Carlo
Published: October 2023

Background

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is typically asymmetric. Case reports suggest that left-hemisphere CBS (lhCBS) is associated with major language impairment, and right-hemisphere CBS (rhCBS) is associated with major visuospatial deficits, but no group study has ever verified these observations. In our study, we enrolled 49 patients with CBS, classified them as lhCBS or rhCBS based on asymmetry of hypometabolism on brain FDG-PET and compared their cognitive and behavioural profiles.

Methods

We defined asymmetry of hypometabolism upon visual inspection of qualitative PET images and confirmed it through paired comparison of left- and right-hemisphere FDG uptake values. The two groups were also matched for severity of hypometabolism within the more affected and more preserved hemispheres, to unravel differences in the cognitive profiles ascribable specifically to each hemisphere’s functional specializations. All patients were assessed for memory, language, executive and visuospatial deficits, apraxia, neglect, dyscalculia, agraphia and behavioural disturbances.

Results

LhCBS (n. 26) and rhCBS (n. 23) patients did not differ for demographics, disease duration and severity of global cognitive impairment. The two cognitive profiles were largely overlapping, with two exceptions: Digit span forward was poorer in lhCBS, and visual neglect was more frequent in rhCBS.

Conclusions

After balancing out patients for hemispheric hypometabolism, we did not confirm worse language or visuospatial deficits in, respectively, lhCBS and rhCBS. However, verbal short-term memory was more impaired in lhCBS, and spatial attention was more impaired in rhCBS. Both of these functions reflect the functional specialization of the left and right fronto-parietal pathways, i.e. of the main loci of neurodegeneration in CBS.
Cyber threat assessment and management for securing healthcare ecosystems using natural language processing
Authors: Silvestri Stefano , Islam Shareful , Amelin Dmitry , Weiler Gabriele , Papastergiou Spyridon , Ciampi Mario
Published: October 2023

The healthcare sectors have constantly faced significant challenge due to the rapid rise of cyber threats. These threats can pose any potential risk within the system context and disrupt the critical healthcare service delivery. It is therefore necessary for the healthcare organisations to understand and tackle the threats to ensure overall security and resilience. However, threats are continuously evolved and there is large amount of unstructured security-related textual information is available. This makes the threat assessment and management task very challenging. There are a number of existing works that consider Machine Learning models for detection and prediction of cyber attack but they lack of focus on the Natural Language Processing (NLP) to extract the threat information from unstructured security-related text. To this end, this work proposes a novel method to assess and manage threats by adopting natural language processing. The proposed method has been tailored for the healthcare ecosystem and allows to identify and assess the possible threats within healthcare information infrastructure so that appropriate control and mitigation actions can be taken into consideration to tackle the threat. In detail, NLP techniques are used to extract the useful threat information related to specific assets of the healthcare ecosystems from the largely available security-related information on Internet (e.g. cyber security news), to evaluate the level of the identified threats and to select the required mitigation actions. We have performed experiments on real healthcare ecosystems in Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, considering in particular three different healthcare scenarios, namely implantable medical devices, wearables, and biobank, with the purpose of demonstrating the feasibility of our approach, which is able to provide a realistic manner to identify and assess the threats, evaluate the threat level and suggest the required mitigation actions.
A counterexample to $$L^{\infty }$$-gradient type estimates for Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operators
Authors: Dolera Emanuele , Priola Enrico
Published: October 2023

Let$$(\lambda _k)$$(λk)be a strictly increasing sequence of positive numbers such that$${\sum _{k=1}^{\infty } \frac{1}{\lambda _k} < \infty }$$∑k=1∞1λk<∞. Letfbe a bounded smooth function and denote by$$u= u^f$$u=ufthe bounded classical solution to$$\begin{aligned} u(x) - \frac{1}{2}\sum _{k=1}^m D^2_{kk} u(x) + \sum _{k =1}^m \lambda _k x_k D_k u(x) = f(x),\quad x \in {{\mathbb {R}}}^m . \end{aligned}$$u(x)-12∑k=1mDkk2u(x)+∑k=1mλkxkDku(x)=f(x),x∈Rm.It is known that the following dimension-free estimate holds:$$\begin{aligned} \displaystyle \int _{{{\mathbb {R}}}^m}\! \left[ \sum _{k=1}^m \lambda _k \, (D_k u (y))^2 \right] ^{p/2} \!\! \!\!\!\! \mu _m (\textrm{d}y) \le (c_p)^p \!\! \int _{{{\mathbb {R}}}^m} \!\! |f( y)|^p \mu _m (\textrm{d}y),\;\;\; 1< p < \infty \end{aligned}$$∫Rm∑k=1mλk(Dku(y))2p/2μm(dy)≤(cp)p∫Rm|f(y)|pμm(dy),1
 0$$cp>0is independent offandm. This is a consequence of generalized Meyer’s inequalities [4]. We show that, if$$\lambda _k \sim k^2$$λk∼k2, then such estimate does not hold when$$p= \infty $$p=∞. Indeed we prove$$\begin{aligned} \sup _{\begin{array}{c} f \in C^{ 2}_b({{\mathbb {R}}}^m),\;\;\; \Vert f\Vert _{\infty } \le 1 \end{array}} \left\{ \sum _{k=1}^m \lambda _k \, (D_k u^f (0))^2 \right\} \rightarrow \infty \;\; \text{ as } \; m \rightarrow \infty . \end{aligned}$$supf∈Cb2(Rm),‖f‖∞≤1∑k=1mλk(Dkuf(0))2→∞asm→∞.This is in contrast to the case of$$\lambda _k = \lambda >0$$λk=λ>0,$$k \ge 1$$k≥1, where a dimension-free bound holds for$$p =\infty $$p=∞.
Antiretroviral Treatment Gaps and Adherence Among People with HIV in the U.S. Medicare Program
Authors: Li Pengxiang , Prajapati Girish , Geng Zhi , Ladage Vrushabh P. , Arduino Jean Marie , Watson Dovie L. , Gross Robert , Doshi Jalpa A.
Published: October 2023

Approximately one-quarter of people with HIV (PWH) in the U.S. receive coverage through the Medicare program; however, no prior real-world study has examined antiretroviral therapy (ART) gaps and adherence and associated factors in this population. This retrospective cohort analysis used 2013–2018 national Medicare fee-for-service claims data to identify all PWH initiated on a new ART regimen including protease inhibitors [PI], non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NNRTIs], or integrase strand transfer inhibitors [INSTIs] between 1/1/2014 and 12/31/2017. Study outcomes included ART adherence (based on proportion of days covered [PDC]), continuous treatment gaps ranging from 1 to 6 days to ≥ 180 days, and discontinuation (continuous gap ≥ 90 days) in the 12-month follow-up period. Multivariable regressions were used to assess factors associated with ART adherence and discontinuation. The final sample included 48,627 PWH (mean age: 54.5 years, 74.4% male, 47.5% White, 89.8% disabled). Approximately 53.0% of PWH had a PDC ≥ 0.95, 30.2% had a PDC between 0.70 and < 0.95, and 16.8% had PDC < 0.70. Treatment gaps of at least ≥ 7-days (55.2%) and ≥ 30-days (26.2%) were common and 10.1% PWH discontinued treatment. Younger age, female sex, Black race, higher comorbidity score, mental health conditions, and substance use disorder were associated with higher odds of lower adherence and discontinuation (all p-values < 0.05). In conclusion, suboptimal adherence and treatment gaps in ART use were commonly observed among PWH in Medicare. Interventions and policies to mitigate barriers to adherence are urgently needed in this population to both improve their survival and increase the potential for ending the HIV epidemic in the US.
Cryptocurrency market microstructure: a systematic literature review
Authors: Almeida José , Gonçalves Tiago Cruz
Published: October 2023

This study contributes to the unconsolidated cryptocurrency literature, with a systematic literature review focused on cryptocurrency market microstructure. We searched Web of Science database and focused only on journals listed on 2021 ABS list. Our final sample comprises 138 research papers. We employed a quantitative and an integrative analysis, and revealed complex network associations, and a detailed research trending analysis. Our study provides a robust and systematic contribution to cryptocurrency literature by making use of a powerful and accurate methodology—the bibliographic coupling, also by only considering ABS academic journals, using a wider keyword scope, and not enforcing any restrictions regarding areas of knowledge, thus enhancing the contribution of extant literature by allowing the insights of more high-quality peripheral studies on the subject. The conclusions of this study are of extreme importance for researchers, investors, regulators, and the academic community in general. Our study provides high structured networking and clear information for research outlets and literature strands, for future studies on cryptocurrency investment, it also presents valuable insights to better understand the cryptocurrency market microstructure and deliver helpful information for regulators to effectively regulate cryptocurrencies.
Multiple-input neural networks for time series forecasting incorporating historical and prospective context
Authors: Palet João , Manquinho Vasco , Henriques Rui
Published: October 2023

Individual and societal systems are open systems continuously affected by their situational context. In recent years, context sources have been increasingly considered in different domains to aid short and long-term forecasts of systems’ behavior. Nevertheless, available research generally disregards the role of prospective context, such as calendrical planning or weather forecasts. This work proposes a multiple-input neural architecture consisting of a sequential composition of long short-term memory units or temporal convolutional networks able to incorporate both historical and prospective sources of situational context to aid time series forecasting tasks. Considering urban case studies, we further assess the impact that different sources of external context have on medical emergency and mobility forecasts. Results show that the incorporation of external context variables, including calendrical and weather variables, can significantly reduce forecasting errors against state-of-the-art forecasters. In particular, the incorporation of prospective context, generally neglected in related work, mitigates error increases along the forecasting horizon.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficacy of pemigatinib (a selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1–3) monotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase i clinical trial
Authors: Deng Ting , Zhang Le , Shi Yehui , Bai Guiying , Pan Yueyin , Shen Aizong , Han Xinghua , Yang Zhaoyi , Chen Mingxia , Zhou Hui , Luo Yang , Zheng Shirui , Ba Yi
Published: October 2023

Pemigatinib is a selective fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)1–3 inhibitor and has demonstrated acceptable tolerability and clinical activity in advanced solid tumors in Western population. This phase I trial evaluated pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) characteristics, preliminary safety and efficacy of pemigatinib in Chinese patients with advanced, solid tumors. Patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic solid tumors bearing FGF/FGFR1-3 alterations received oral pemigatinib at 13.5 mg once daily (QD) on a 2-weeks-on/1-week-off schedule. The primary endpoint was PK/PD characteristics; secondary endpoints were safety and efficacy. Twelve patients were enrolled (median age: 61 years, 58.3% males). PK data demonstrated pemigatinib (13.5 mg QD) was rapidly absorbed with a geometric mean elimination half-life of 11.3 h. The geometric mean values of maximum serum concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 24 h at steady state were 215.1 nmol/L and 2636.9 h·nmol/L, respectively. The mean clearance adjusted by bioavailability at steady state was low (11.8 L/h), and the apparent oral volume of distribution was moderate (170.5 L). The PD marker, serum phosphate level, increased on days 8 and 15 of cycle 1 (mean: 2.25 mg/dL, CV% [percent coefficient of variation]: 31.3%) and decreased to baseline post 1 week off. Three (25.0%) patients experienced grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events. Partial response was confirmed in one patient with FGFR1-mutant esophageal carcinoma and one with FGFR2-mutant cholagiocarcinoma. Pemigatinib had similar PK/PD characteristics to Western population and demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and potential anti-cancer benefit in Chinese patients with FGF/FGFR1-3 altered, advanced, solid tumor. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04258527 [prospectively registered February 6, 2020]).
Personality Disorders and Attachment Trauma in Adolescent Patients with Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Gander Manuela , Buchheim Anna , Sevecke Kathrin
Published: October 2023

This study examined how personality disorders (PD) differ with respect to gender, attachment status and traumatic childhood experiences in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. In particular, we investigated attachment-related traumatic material underlying adolescent PD. Our sample consisted of 175 inpatient adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (77% female, Mage = 15.13, SD = 1.35; 23% male, Mage =14.85, SD = 1.41). Thirty-nine patients (22%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for a PD according to the SCID-II PD: 51% avoidant, 13% obsessive-compulsive, 13% antisocial, 19% borderline, 2% paranoid and 2% histrionic. In the total sample, eighty-three (47%) of our inpatients were classified with an unresolved attachment status using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). We did not find any significant gender differences for patients with and without a PD. Our results revealed a higher percentage of unresolved attachment status in patients with a PD. The in-depth analysis of the total sample showed that patients with a PD demonstrated more traumatic material in their attachment interviews indicating a greater severity of attachment trauma. Furthermore, patients with a PD reported higher scores on emotional and physical neglect. Intervention strategies targeting traumatic attachment-related themes might be useful to treat adolescents with PD.
Zero-Temperature Stochastic Ising Model on Planar Quasi-Transitive Graphs
Authors: De Santis Emilio , Lelli Leonardo
Published: October 2023

We study the zero-temperature stochastic Ising model on some connected planar quasi-transitive graphs, which are invariant under rotations and translations. The initial spin configuration is distributed according to a Bernoulli product measure with parameter $$ p\in (0,1) $$

p
∈
(
0
,
1
)

. In particular, we prove that if $$ p=1/2 $$

p
=
1
/
2

and the graph underlying the model satisfies the planar shrink property then all vertices flip infinitely often almost surely.