bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced graphene oxide / epoxy nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric, mechanical, thermomechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Akkalamattam Maitheenkunju Rahnamol , Gopalakrishnan Jayalatha
Published: November 2021

Epoxy/conducting filler nanocomposites with high dielectric performance have emanated as a promising material in electronic and electrical industry. In this work, a facile and low-cost method, that is, thermal reduction at 400°C was adopted for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from graphene oxide (GO). The rGO was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. Epoxy nanocomposite presented a dielectric permittivity of 35 at 1.8 vol.% loading of rGO (Ep/G-1.8) at 103 Hz, which was 5 times higher than neat epoxy and with a low dielectric loss. With the addition of 0.3 vol.% of rGO (Ep/G-0.3), the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus and impact strength were enhanced by 34%, 56% and 54%, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that in comparison to epoxy, there was a tremendous enhancement of storage modulus (55%) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) exhibited a remarkable shift of 39°C towards higher temperature for Ep/G-0.3. Cross-link density and coefficient of effectiveness (C-factor) estimated from the storage modulus improved significantlyfor Ep/G-0.3. Theoretical modelling was done on the viscoelastic properties of the composites. SEM studies indicated the uniform dispersion of rGO throughout in the epoxy matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that inclusion of rGO improved the thermal stability of epoxy nanocomposites.
Subordinates’ Quest for Recognition in Hierarchy
Authors: El Taki Karim
Published: November 2021

The scholarship on hierarchy held the promise of exposing conditions of systemic inequality in world politics. However, a significant strand of it approached the international order from above, privileging the perspective of dominant actors. I make the case for a from-below approach to hierarchical orders, recognising and accounting for understudied experiences in world politics, but also developing a more accurate understanding of hierarchy. Through a relational-sociological approach, I conceptualise hierarchy as a socially differentiated system predicated on recognition. The experience of misrecognition by way of normative and material constraints constitutes actors as subordinates. I propose a framework for subordinate actors’ navigation of hierarchy in quest of social recognition. I identify three strategies that subordinates employ, depending on the misrecognising constraints they counter (normative/material) and the recognition they seek (internal/external). Subordinates may engage in norm appropriation, alternative leveraging, and salvation from victimhood. I demonstrate the applicability of the framework by examining Egypt’s quest for recognition in the aftermath of the 2013 military coup.
Green Organizational Culture: An Exploration of Dimensions
Authors: Aggarwal Priyanka , Agarwala Tanuja
Published: November 2021

Awareness of environmental issues and stakeholder expectations has led organizations to be concerned about the impact of their products, processes and packaging on the natural environment. Environmental sustainability has become an essential tool for the competitive advantage of firms. Organizations need to bring about cultural transformation to sustain competitive advantage. This orientation has brought green organizational culture to centre stage as firms seek to institutionalize and incorporate environmental focus throughout the organization. The belief that integrating environmental concerns with organizational culture should result in sustainable competitive advantage mandates that firms measure the extent of ‘greening’ of the culture. Literature review reveals that ‘green organizational culture’ has begun to receive attention in recent years. However, a standardized and empirically validated instrument is not available for measuring the extent to which green values are internalized throughout the firm. The present study aims to fill this gap by developing a questionnaire to study green organizational culture (GOC). The model proposed by Harris and Crane (2002 , Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 15, pp. 214–234) is used as a basis for questionnaire development. A two-stage method of structural equation modelling in AMOS 23 is employed for data analysis. Exploratory factor analysis in SPSS reveals three dimensions of the construct measured by two items. Confirmatory factor analysis confirms the factor structure. The instrument satisfies the conditions of convergent and discriminant validity and the model fulfils the criteria for model fitness. Measurement of green organizational culture has important implications for creating and reinforcing greening through human resource policies and practices.
Media Systems and Attention Cycles: Volume and Topics of News Coverage on COVID-19 in the United States and China
Authors: Wirz Christopher D. , Shao Anqi , Bao Luye , Howell Emily L. , Monroe Hannah , Chen Kaiping
Published: November 2021

We examined initial newspaper coverage of the COVID-19 outbreak (January–May 2020) in the United States and China, countries with contrasting media systems and pandemic experiences. We join the context-rich media systems literature and the longitudinal nature of the issue-attention literature to expand each by providing more system-level context for explaining how media cover an issue over time. U.S. coverage peaked later and stayed consistently high, while Chinese coverage was more variable. The most prominent topics in Chinese coverage were related to domestic outbreak response, while U.S. coverage focused on politics, highlighting how issue-attention cycles differ across countries.
Adaptive Behavior of College Students With Autism
Authors: Viezel Kathleen D. , Freer Benjamin , Morgan Chelsea D.
Published: November 2021

As an increasing number of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) matriculate on college campuses, all stakeholders should be prepared to meet their needs. Despite a body of literature describing adaptive behavior deficits of individuals with ASD, there is a paucity of research examining these skills among those who are college-ready. The present study investigated the adaptive behavior of a diverse group ( N = 27) of incoming college students with ASD and examined to what extent these skills could predict initial academic success. Despite average intelligence and good academic indicators, deficits in communication, socialization, and daily living skills were found. No models, even those that included intelligence quotient (IQ) and SAT scores, were predictive of first-semester or first-year grade point average (GPA). Importantly, freshman-to-sophomore retention appeared higher than the university average. Findings suggest that practitioners and families should consider adaptive behavior in addition to intellectual and academic capabilities when considering postsecondary opportunities and available supports.
Evaluation of a nutritional supplement for the alleviation of pain associated with feline degenerative joint disease: a prospective, randomized, stratified, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Cunningham Rachael , Gruen Margaret E , Thomson Andrea , Lascelles B Duncan X
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pain-alleviating and activity-enhancing effects of glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate (Dasuquin) in cats that had degenerative joint disease (DJD) and owner-noted mobility/activity impairment. We hypothesized that the nutritional supplement would produce pain-relieving and activity-enhancing effects in cats with painful DJD.

Methods

In this prospective, randomized, stratified, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 59 cats with DJD pain were assigned to receive a placebo (n = 30) or supplement (n = 29) for 6 weeks after 2 weeks of placebo. Outcome measures (at-home accelerometry and client-specific outcome measures [feline (CSOMf); Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI); quality of life (QoL)]; and veterinarian examination) were collected at days 14, 28, 42 and 56.

Results

Twenty-seven cats in the treatment group and 30 in the placebo group completed the trial. Within the first 2 weeks (placebo administration to all cats), 78% of all cats had an improvement in CSOMf scores. Both groups showed significant improvement at most time points in CSOMf, FMPI, QoL and pain scores, with the placebo group showing greater improvement than the supplement group (significant for CSOMf [ P = 0.01]). Overall, no differences in activity were seen between the groups. Cumulative distribution function analysis indicated that for most levels of activity, the placebo-treated cats were more active; however, the least active cats were more active on the supplement ( P = 0.013).

Conclusions and relevance

This study showed a strong placebo effect. The glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate supplement did not show pain-relieving effects when compared with placebo.
Differential DNA Methylation and Cardiometabolic Risk in African American Mother-Adolescent Dyads
Authors: Gentry Amanda Elswick , Robins Jo , Makowski Mat , Kliewer Wendy
Published: November 2021

Background:

Cardiovascular disease disproportionately affects African Americans as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Among African Americans, compared to other racial groups, cardiovascular disease onset occurs at an earlier age due to a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that heritable epigenetic processes are related to increased cardiovascular disease risk, but this is largely unexplored in adolescents or across generations.

Materials and Methods:

In a cross-sectional descriptive pilot study in low-income African American mother-adolescent dyads, we examined associations between DNA methylation and the cardiometabolic indicators of body mass index, waist circumference, and insulin resistance.

Results:

Four adjacent cytosine and guanine nucleotides (CpG) sites were significantly differentially methylated and associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), 62 with waist circumference, and none to insulin resistance in models for both mothers and adolescents.

Conclusion:

Further study of the relations among psychological and environmental stressors, indicators of cardiovascular disease, risk, and epigenetic factors will improve understanding of cardiovascular disease risk so that preventive measures can be instituted earlier and more effectively. To our knowledge this work is the first to examine DNA methylation and cardiometabolic risk outcomes in mother-adolescent dyads.
Effect of Exercise Training on Spexin Level, Appetite, Lipid Accumulation Product, Visceral Adiposity Index, and Body Composition in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mohammadi Arash , Bijeh Nahid , Moazzami Mahtab , Kazem khodaei  , Rahimi Najmeh
Published: November 2021

Objective

To compare the effects of resistance and aerobic training (RT and AT) on spexin (SPX), appetite, lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body composition in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six T2DM men were randomized to receive RT ( n = 12), AT ( n = 12), or to act as a non-exercise control (CON, n = 12) 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Results: SPX was increased after both RT and AT (66.2% and 46.5%, respectively). VAI, LAP, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were reduced in both groups, while quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (Quicki) and McAuley’s indexes were increased following both interventions. However, the increases of both hunger and PFC in the RT group were greater than those of the AT. Moreover, the improvement of upper-body strength (41% vs. 10.3%) and lower-body strength (42.2% vs. 20.5%) in the RT group was greater than those of the AT. Conclusion: Our investigation shows that regardless of the modes of the regimen, a 12-week exercise intervention with RT and AT can effectively induce a significant improvement in SPX levels, appetite, LAP, VAI, and body composition in adults with T2DM.
The ontological turn revisited: Theoretical decline. Why cannot ontologists fulfil their promise?
Authors: Palecek Martin
Published: November 2021

Holbraad and Pedersen have revisited the ontological turn, suggesting that it is strictly concerned with methodology only. Holbraad goes even further, accepting an aesthetic criterion for ethnography only. This is a sign of theoretical decline. In my paper, I claim that ontologists’ tendency to overestimate the significance of ethnographic experience causes theoretical confusion. I claim that neo-pragmatic analysis can eliminate this confusion. I also argue that there is only one remaining issue from the ontological turn that is not entirely lost. A careful evaluation of all folk categories, with all its possible consequences, can boost the robustness of all competitive theories, Cognitive Evolutionary Science included.
Eyes on the Screen: Digital Interclass Coalitions against Crime in a Gentrifying Rural Town
Authors: Villamizar-Santamaría Sebastián F.
Published: November 2021

According to the theories of social disorganization and collective efficacy, population heterogeneity contributes to the erosion of social ties and the increase in crime. I test that assumption through an in-person and digital ethnography in La Calera, a rural area in Colombia undergoing population change through gentrification and facing increasing burglaries, cattle theft, and other crimes. I argue that the use of social media in this socially mixed community for a common goal—safety—enables coalitions among residents that reach across social divisions. By participating in community meetings but especially through social media, residents monitor the area to look after homes and each other, highlighting feelings of “unity” and “cohesion” that strengthen social ties among them and the police despite the heterogeneity in class composition. This case examines when social organization can occur despite class polarization, even in a country with a long civil war history and high class inequality.
Pitfalls in EEG Analysis in Patients With Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wang Ying , Zibrandtsen Ivan C. , Lazeron Richard H. C. , van Dijk Johannes P. , Long Xi , Aarts Ronald M. , Wang Lei , Arends Johan B. A. M.
Published: November 2021

Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) interpretations through visual (by human raters) and automated (by computer technology) analysis were still not reliable for the diagnosis of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). This study aimed to identify typical pitfalls in the EEG analysis and make suggestions as to how those pitfalls might be avoided. Methods: We analyzed the EEG recordings of individuals who had clinically confirmed or suspected NCSE. Epileptiform EEG activity during seizures (ictal discharges) was visually analyzed by 2 independent raters. We investigated whether unreliable EEG visual interpretations quantified by low interrater agreement can be predicted by the characteristics of ictal discharges and individuals’ clinical data. In addition, the EEG recordings were automatically analyzed by in-house algorithms. To further explore the causes of unreliable EEG interpretations, 2 epileptologists analyzed EEG patterns most likely misinterpreted as ictal discharges based on the differences between the EEG interpretations through the visual and automated analysis. Results: Short ictal discharges with a gradual onset (developing over 3 s in length) were liable to be misinterpreted. An extra 2 min of ictal discharges contributed to an increase in the kappa statistics of >0.1. Other problems were the misinterpretation of abnormal background activity (slow-wave activities, other abnormal brain activity, and the ictal-like movement artifacts), continuous interictal discharges, and continuous short ictal discharges. Conclusion: A longer duration criterion for NCSE-EEGs than 10 s that is commonly used in NCSE working criteria is recommended. Using knowledge of historical EEGs, individualized algorithms, and context-dependent alarm thresholds may also avoid the pitfalls.
Use of Social Media as a Platform for Education and Support for People With Diabetes During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Thomas Rebecca L. , Alabraba Victoria , Barnard Sam , Beba Hannah , Brake Julie , Cox Alison , Bowker Rachael , Edwards Donna , Epps Amanda , Fletcher-Salt Tamsin , Holmes Patrick , Kar Partha S. , Kausar Nusrat , Kelly Bethany , Leveridge Maria , Newland-Jones Phillip , Ng Sze May , Puttana Amar , Stewart Rose
Published: November 2021

Background:

Patient education is a fundamental aspect of self-management of diabetes. The aim of this study was to understand whether a social media platform is a viable method to deliver education to people with diabetes and understand if people would engage and interact with it.

Methods:

Education sessions were provided via 3 platforms in a variety of formats. “Tweetorials” and quizzes were delivered on the diabetes101 Twitter account, a virtual conference via Zoom and video presentations uploaded to YouTube. Audience engagement during and after the sessions were analyzed using social media metrics including impressions and engagement rate using Twitter analytics, Tweepsmap, and YouTube Studio.

Results:

A total of 22 “tweetorial” sessions and 5 quizzes with a total of 151 polls (both in tweetorial and quiz sessions) receiving a total of 21,269 votes took place. Overall, the 1-h tweetorial sessions gained 1,821,088 impressions with an engagement rate of 6.3%. The sessions received a total of 2,341 retweets, 2,467 replies and 10,060 likes. The quiz days included 113 polls receiving 16,069 votes. The conference covered 8 topics and was attended live by over 100 people on the day. The video presentations on YouTube have received a total of 2,916 views with a watch time of 281 h and 8,847 impressions.

Conclusion:

Despite the limitations of social media, it can be harnessed to provide relevant reliable information and education about diabetes allowing people the time and space to learn at their own pace.
‘We are All Interdependent’. A Study of Relationships Between Migrant Live-In Carers and Employers in Taiwan
Authors: Munkejord Mai Camilla , Ness Tove Mentsen , Silan Wasiq
Published: November 2021

For the past three decades, to meet the increasing need for long-term care, the Taiwanese government’s primary approach has been to import migrant care workers. In this article, we analyse qualitative interview data produced in an Indigenous community. Drawing on Kittay’s feminist dependency theory, we explore the interrelationships and collaborative efforts between live-in carers and their employers. Three types of relationships were identified: ‘unsupportive relationships’, where the live-in carer was treated as a servant; ‘supportive relationships’, where the live-in carer was treated as a care worker; and ‘semi-supportive relationships’, where the live-in carer was treated as a carer-servant. In conclusion, the article sheds light on how the live-in carer arrangement could be practised in ways that allow live-in carers and thereby their care recipients to thrive.
Evidence for extensive hybridisation and past introgression events in feather grasses using genome-wide SNP genotyping
Authors: Baiakhmetov Evgenii , Ryzhakova Daria , Gudkova Polina D. , Nobis Marcin
Published: November 2021

Background

The proper identification of feather grasses in nature is often limited due to phenotypic variability and high morphological similarity between many species. Among plausible factors influencing this issue are hybridisation and introgression recently detected in the genus. Nonetheless, to date, only a bounded set of taxa have been investigated using integrative taxonomy combining morphological and molecular data. Here, we report the first large-scale study on five feather grass species across several hybrid zones in Russia and Central Asia. In total, 302 specimens were sampled in the field and classified based on the current descriptions of these taxa. They were then genotyped with high density genome-wide markers and measured based on a set of morphological characters to delimitate species and assess levels of hybridisation and introgression. Moreover, we tested species for past introgression and estimated divergence times between them.

Results

Our findings demonstrated that 250 specimens represent five distinct species:S. baicalensis,S. capillata,S. glareosa,S. grandisandS. krylovii. The remaining 52 individuals provided evidence for extensive hybridisation betweenS. capillataandS. baicalensis,S. capillataandS. krylovii,S. baicalensisandS. krylovii, as well as to a lesser extent betweenS. grandisandS. krylovii,S. grandisandS. baicalensis. We detected past reticulation events betweenS. baicalensis,S. krylovii,S. grandisand inferred that diversification within speciesS. capillata,S. baicalensis,S. kryloviiandS. grandisstarted ca. 130–96 kya. In addition, the assessment of genetic population structure revealed signs of contemporary gene flow between populations across species from the sectionLeiostipa, despite significant geographical distances between some of them. Lastly, we concluded that only 5 out of 52 hybrid taxa were properly identified solely based on morphology.

Conclusions

Our results support the hypothesis that hybridisation is an important mechanism driving evolution inStipa. As an outcome, this phenomenon complicates identification of hybrid taxa in the field using morphological characters alone. Thus, integrative taxonomy seems to be the only reliable way to properly resolve the phylogenetic issue ofStipa. Moreover, we believe that feather grasses may be a suitable genus to study hybridisation and introgression events in nature.
The association between maternal cytomegalovirus urinary excretion and congenital infection rate
Authors: Zlatkin Rita , Bilavsky Efraim , Pardo Joseph , Salman Lina , Bardin Ron , Hadar Eran , Shmueli Anat
Published: November 2021

Background

In utero Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vertical transmission occurs predominantly during primary maternal infection. There are no known non-invasive methods for diagnosis of fetal infection before delivery, however some risk factors have been suggested. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal CMV urinary excretion and congenital CMV infection.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of all women who were diagnosed with primary CMV infection during pregnancy in a single university affiliated tertiary medical center, between 2012 and 2016. We examined congenital CMV infection and disease rates among infants born to women with and without CMV urinary excretion.

Results

Overall, 126 women were included, 77 in the positive urinary excretion group, and 49 in the negative urinary excretion group. There was no difference in maternal symptoms between the groups. We found no difference in congenital CMV infection and disease rates between infants born to women with and without urinary excretion of CMV (congenital infection rate 37.1% vs. 24.4%,p = 0.209, congenital disease rate of 18.2% vs. 22.4%,p = 0.648). Women with positive urinary CMV excretion had lower IgG avidity values (36.7% vs 54.6%,p = 0.007), with no additional difference in serology pattern. Compared to asymptomatic women, those with CMV related symptoms did not have significantly higher rates of urinary excretion of CMV (70% vs. 60.5%,p = 0.38) or congenital infection rates (40.7% vs. 31.2%,p = 0.48).

Conclusion

Among infants of women with primary CMV infection in pregnancy, we did not find an association between urinary excretion of CMV and congenital CMV infection.
Identifying factors associated with the hospital readmission rate among patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Parami Sharareh , Tapak Leili , Poorolajal Jalal , Moghimbeigi Abbas , Ghaleiha Ali
Published: November 2021

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common recurrent mental disorder and one of the leading causes of disability in the world. The recurrence of MDD is associated with increased psychological and social burden, limitations for the patient, family, and society; therefore, action to reduce and prevent the recurrence of this disorder or hospital readmissions for depression among the patients is essential.

Methods

The data of this retrospective cohort study were extracted from records of 1005 patients with MDD hospitalized in Farshchian hospital in Hamadan city, Iran (2011–2018). The hospital readmissions rate due to depression episodes was modeled using generalized Poisson regression (GPR). Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were considered as explanatory variables. SAS v9.4 was used (P < 0.05).

Results

A majority of the patients were male (66.37%). The mean (standard deviation) of age at onset of MDD and the average number of hospital readmissions were 32.39 (13.03) years and 0.53 (1.84), respectively (most patients (74.3%) did not experience hospital readmissions). According to the results of the GPR, the lower age at the onset of the disease (IRR = 1.02;P = 0.008), illiteracy (IRR = 2.06;P = 0.003), living in urban areas (IRR = 1.56;P = 0.015), history of psychiatric illnesses in the family (IRR = 1.75;P = 0.004), history of emotional problems (IRR = 1.42;P = 0.028) and having medical disorders (IRR = 1.44;P = 0.035) were positively associated with the number of hospitalizations.

Conclusion

According to our findings, urbanization, early onset of the disease, illiteracy, family history of mental illness, emotional problems, and medical disorders are among major risk factors associated with an increased number of hospital readmissions of MDD.
Fundamental nursing care in patients with the SARS-CoV-2 virus: results from the ‘COVID-NURSE’ mixed methods survey into nurses’ experiences of missed care and barriers to care
Authors: Sugg Holly V. R. , Russell Anne-Marie , Morgan Leila M. , Iles-Smith Heather , Richards David A. , Morley Naomi , Burnett Sarah , Cockcroft Emma J. , Thompson Coon Jo , Cruickshank Susanne , Doris Faye E. , Hunt Harriet A. , Kent Merryn , Logan Philippa A. , Rafferty Anne Marie , Shepherd Maggie H. , Singh Sally J. , Tooze Susannah J. , Whear Rebecca
Published: November 2021

Background

Patient experience of nursing care is associated with safety, care quality, treatment outcomes, costs and service use. Effective nursing care includes meeting patients’ fundamental physical, relational and psychosocial needs, which may be compromised by the challenges of SARS-CoV-2. No evidence-based nursing guidelines exist for patients with SARS-CoV-2. We report work to develop such a guideline. Our aim was to identify views and experiences of nursing staff on necessary nursing care for inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 (not invasively ventilated) that is omitted or delayed (missed care) and any barriers to this care.

Methods

We conducted an online mixed methods survey structured according to the Fundamentals of Care Framework. We recruited a convenience sample of UK-based nursing staff who had nursed inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 not invasively ventilated. We asked respondents to rate how well they were able to meet the needs of SARS-CoV-2 patients, compared to non-SARS-CoV-2 patients, in 15 care categories; select from a list of barriers to care; and describe examples of missed care and barriers to care. We analysed quantitative data descriptively and qualitative data using Framework Analysis, integrating data in side-by-side comparison tables.

Results

Of 1062 respondents, the majority rated mobility, talking and listening, non-verbal communication, communicating with significant others, and emotional wellbeing as worse for patients with SARS-CoV-2. Eight barriers were ranked within the top five in at least one of the three care areas. These were (in rank order): wearing Personal Protective Equipment, the severity of patients’ conditions, inability to take items in and out of isolation rooms without donning and doffing Personal Protective Equipment, lack of time to spend with patients, lack of presence from specialised services e.g. physiotherapists, lack of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, insufficient stock, and reluctance to spend time with patients for fear of catching SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions

Our respondents identified nursing care areas likely to be missed for patients with SARS-CoV-2, and barriers to delivering care. We are currently evaluating a guideline of nursing strategies to address these barriers, which are unlikely to be exclusive to this pandemic or the environments represented by our respondents. Our results should, therefore, be incorporated into global pandemic planning.
Autoantibody screening in Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Lleixà Cinta , Martín-Aguilar Lorena , Pascual-Goñi Elba , Franco Teresa , Caballero Marta , de Luna Noemí , Gallardo Eduard , Suárez-Calvet Xavier , Martínez-Martínez Laura , Diaz-Manera Jordi , Rojas-García Ricard , Cortés-Vicente Elena , Turón Joana , Casasnovas Carlos , Homedes Christian , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Gerardo , Jimeno-Montero María Concepción , Berciano José , Sedano-Tous Maria José , García-Sobrino Tania , Pardo-Fernández Julio , Márquez-Infante Celedonio , Rojas-Marcos Iñigo , Jericó-Pascual Ivonne , Martínez-Hernández Eugenia , Morís de la Tassa Germán , Domínguez-González Cristina , Juárez Cándido , Illa Isabel , Querol Luis
Published: November 2021

Background

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory neuropathy with a heterogeneous presentation. Although some evidences support the role of autoantibodies in its pathogenesis, the target antigens remain unknown in a substantial proportion of GBS patients. The objective of this study is to screen for autoantibodies targeting peripheral nerve components in Guillain–Barré syndrome.

Methods

Autoantibody screening was performed in serum samples from all GBS patients included in the International GBS Outcome study by 11 different Spanish centres. The screening included testing for anti-ganglioside antibodies, anti-nodo/paranodal antibodies, immunocytochemistry on neuroblastoma-derived human motor neurons and murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, and immunohistochemistry on monkey peripheral nerve sections. We analysed the staining patterns of patients and controls. The prognostic value of anti-ganglioside antibodies was also analysed.

Results

None of the GBS patients (n = 100) reacted against the nodo/paranodal proteins tested, and 61 (61%) were positive for, at least, one anti-ganglioside antibody. GBS sera reacted strongly against DRG neurons more frequently than controls both with IgG (6% vs 0%; p = 0.03) and IgM (11% vs 2.2%; p = 0.02) immunodetection. No differences were observed in the proportion of patients reacting against neuroblastoma-derived human motor neurons. Reactivity against monkey nerve tissue was frequently detected both in patients and controls, but specific patterns were only detected in GBS patients: IgG from 13 (13%) patients reacted strongly against Schwann cells. Finally, we confirmed that IgG anti-GM1 antibodies are associated with poorer outcomes independently of other known prognostic factors.

Conclusion

Our study confirms that (1) GBS patients display a heterogeneous repertoire of autoantibodies targeting nerve cells and structures; (2) gangliosides are the most frequent antigens in GBS patients and have a prognostic value; (3) further antigen-discovery experiments may elucidate other potential antigens in GBS.
The obesity paradox and hypoglycemia in critically ill patients
Authors: Plečko Drago , Bennett Nicolas , Mårtensson Johan , Bellomo Rinaldo
Published: November 2021

Background

A high body mass index (BMI) has been associated with decreased mortality in critically ill patients. This association may, in part, relate to the impact of BMI on glycemia. We aimed to study the relationship between BMI, glycemia and hospital mortality.

Methods

We included all patients with a recorded BMI from four large international clinical databases (n = 259,177). We investigated the unadjusted association of BMI with average glucose levels, mortality and hypoglycemia rate. We applied multivariate analysis to investigate the impact of BMI on hypoglycemia rate, after adjusting for glycemia-relevant treatments (insulin, dextrose, corticosteroids, enteral and parenteral nutrition) and key physiological parameters (previous blood glucose level, blood lactate, shock state, SOFA score).

Results

We analyzed 5,544,366 glucose measurements. On unadjusted analysis, increasing BMI was associated with increasing glucose levels (average increase of 5 and 10 mg/dL for the 25–30, 30–35 kg/m2BMI groups compared to normal BMI (18.5–25 kg/m2) patients). Despite greater hyperglycemia, increasing BMI was associated with lower hospital mortality (average decrease of 2% and 3.25% for the 25–30, 30–35 kg/m2groups compared to normal BMI patients) and lower hypoglycemia rate (average decrease of 2.5% and 3.5% for the 25–30, 30–35 kg/m2groups compared to normal BMI patients). Increasing BMI was significantly independently associated with reduced hypoglycemia rate, with odds ratio (OR) 0.72 and 0.65, respectively (95% CIs 0.67–0.77 and 0.60–0.71, bothp < 0.001) when compared with normal BMI. Low BMI patients showed greater hypoglycemia rate, with OR 1.6 (CI 1.43–1.79,p < 0.001). The association of high BMI and decreased mortality did not apply to diabetic patients. Although diabetic patients had higher rates of hypoglycemia overall and higher glucose variability (p < 0.001), they also had a reduced risk of hypoglycemia with higher BMI levels (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Increasing BMI is independently associated with decreased risk of hypoglycemia. It is also associated with increasing hyperglycemia and yet with lower mortality. Lower risk of hypoglycemia might contribute to decreased mortality and might partly explain the obesity paradox. These associations, however, were markedly modified by the presence of diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture treatment in the prevention of negative moods in healthy young men after 30 h of total sleep deprivation: study protocol for a single-center, single-blind, parallel-arm, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yan Bing , Wang Fu-chun , Ma Tian-shu , Liu Yan-ze , Liu Wu , Cheng Lei , Wang Zi-yuan , Wang Zhong-ke , Liu Cheng-yu
Published: November 2021

Background

Sleep deprivation (SD) among young adults is a major public health concern. In humans, it has adverse effects on mood and results in serious health problems. Faced with SD, persons may take precautionary measures to try and reduce their risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) for the prevention of negative moods after SD. In addition, we will do a comparison of the effects of EA on mood after SD at different time points.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine in China. The Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture 2010 will be strictly adhered to. Forty-two healthy male volunteers will be distributed into acupoints electroacupuncture (AE) group, non-acupoints electroacupuncture (NAE) control group, or blank control group. This trial will comprise 1-week baseline (baseline sleep), 1-week preventative treatment, 30-h total sleep deprivation (TSD), and 24-h after waking follow-up period. Participants in the AE group and the NAE control group during the preventative treatment period will be administered with EA treatment once daily for 1 week. Participants in the blank control group will not be administered with any treatment. The primary outcome will be the Profile of Mood States (POMS) Scale. Secondary outcome measures will include changes in the Noldus FaceReader (a tool for automatic analysis of facial expressions) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) Scale. Total sleep deprivation will be 30 h. During the 30-h TSD period, participants will be subjected to 11 sessions of assessment. Adverse events will be recorded.

Discussion

This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EA for the prevention of negative moods after SD. The results of this trial will allow us to compare the effects of EA on mood after SD at different time points. Moreover, the findings from this trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Chi2000039713. Registered on 06 November 2020
The Wikipedia Diversity Observatory: helping communities to bridge content gaps through interactive interfaces
Authors: Miquel-Ribé Marc , Laniado David
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we present the Wikipedia Diversity Observatory, a project aimed to increase diversity within Wikipedia content. The project provides dashboards with visualizations and tools which show content gaps in terms of imbalances in the coverage of topics, and of concepts that are not shared across Wikipedia language editions. The dashboards are built on datasets generated for each of the more than 300 existing language editions, with features that label each article according to geography, gender and other categories relevant to overall content diversity. Through various examples, we show how the tools encourage and help editors to bridge the gaps in Wikipedia content. Finally, we discuss the project’s impact on the communities and implications for the Wikimedia movement in a moment in which covering diversity is considered strategic.
Prognostic models of diabetic microvascular complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Saputro Sigit Ari , Pattanaprateep Oraluck , Pattanateepapon Anuchate , Karmacharya Swekshya , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: November 2021

Background

Many prognostic models of diabetic microvascular complications have been developed, but their performances still varies. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the performances of the existing models.

Methods

Prognostic models of diabetic microvascular complications were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus up to 31 December 2020. Studies were selected, if they developed or internally/externally validated models of any microvascular complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Results

In total, 71 studies were eligible, of which 32, 30 and 18 studies initially developed prognostic model for diabetic retinopathy (DR), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) with the number of derived equations of 84, 96 and 51, respectively. Most models were derived-phases, some were internal and external validations. Common predictors were age, sex, HbA1c, diabetic duration, SBP and BMI. Traditional statistical models (i.e. Cox and logit regression) were mostly applied, otherwise machine learning. In cohorts, the discriminative performance in derived-logit was pooled with C statistics of 0.82 (0.73‑0.92) for DR and 0.78 (0.74‑0.83) for CKD. Pooled Cox regression yielded 0.75 (0.74‑0.77), 0.78 (0.74‑0.82) and 0.87 (0.84‑0.89) for DR, CKD and ESRD, respectively. External validation performances were sufficiently pooled with 0.81 (0.78‑0.83), 0.75 (0.67‑0.84) and 0.87 (0.85‑0.88) for DR, CKD and ESRD, respectively.

Conclusions

Several prognostic models were developed, but less were externally validated. A few studies derived the models by using appropriate methods and were satisfactory reported. More external validations and impact analyses are required before applying these models in clinical practice.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42018105287
The effect of motivation on employee engagement in public sectors: in the case of North Wollo zone
Authors: Engidaw Abriham Ebabu
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employee engagement in public sectors. To meet this purpose, a quantitative and qualitative study survey was conducted and the researcher used an explanatory survey research design. The study was used both primary and secondary sources of data. The target population for this study was selected four city administrative office employees including all kebeles office employees and as a sample size, 349 questionnaires were filled and collected from these employees. The study used proportionately stratified with simple random sampling because to collect the relevant data and to give equal chance for all employees. Later on, statistical package for social science (SPSS) was used to the required test of inferential statistics; including reliability analysis, bivariate correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and multiple regression analysis. The finding of the study revealed that extrinsic motivation was considered more significant than intrinsic and there was a positive significant relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations with employee engagement. From the results, it was also concluded that the relationship and effect of extrinsic motivation were stronger on employee engagement as compared to intrinsic motivation. As a recommendation, the organizations should find which ways are able to motivate employees, what drives them, then making sure they utilize appropriate motivational techniques with each employee. Managers should also endeavor to communicate the organization’s purpose to employees. Finally, the organizations should take steps to incorporate the vision of employees for the organization with its own vision.
Plekhh1, a partner of myosin 1 and an effector of EphB2, controls the cortical actin network during cell repulsion
Authors: Prospéri Marie-Thérèse , Pernier Julien , Lachuer Hugo , Coudrier Evelyne
Published: November 2021

EphB2–ephrinB signalling, which plays a major role in cell segregation during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, induces an important reorganization of the cortical actin network. We have previously reported that myosin 1b contributes to reorganization of the cortical actin network upon EphB2 signalling. In this report, we identify Plekhh1 as a new partner of members of the myosin 1 family and EphB2 receptors. Plekhh1 interacts with myosin 1b via its N-terminal domain and with EphB2 via its C-terminal domain. Furthermore, Plekhh1 is tyrosine phosphorylated, and this depends on EphB2 kinase activity. Similar to the effects of manipulating levels of myosin 1b and myosin 1c, manipulation of Plekhh1 expression levels alters the formation of filopodia, the length of focal adhesions and the formation of blebs. Furthermore, binding of the Plekhh1 interacting domain to myosin 1b increases the motor activity of myosin 1b in vitro. Taken together, our data show that Plekhh1 is an effector of EphB2 and suggest that Plekhh1 regulates the cortical actin network via the interaction of its N-terminal domain with myosin 1 upon EphB2–ephrinB signalling.
Interobserver variability in target volume delineation for CT/MRI simulation and MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy in rectal cancer
Authors: White Ingrid , Hunt Arabella , Bird Thomas , Settatree Sarah , Soliman Heba , Mcquaid Dualta , Dearnaley David , Lalondrelle Susan , Bhide Shree
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

Quantify target volume delineation uncertainty for CT/MRI simulation and MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy in rectal cancer. Define optimal imaging sequences for target delineation.

Methods:

Six experienced radiation oncologists delineated clinical target volumes (CTVs) on CT and 2D and 3D-MRI in three patients with rectal cancer, using consensus contouring guidelines. Tumour GTV (GTVp) was also contoured on MRI acquired week 0 and 3 of radiotherapy. A STAPLE contour was created and volume and interobserver variability metrics were analysed.

Results:

There were statistically significant differences in volume between observers for CT and 2D-MRI-defined CTVs (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between observers on 3D-MRI. Significant differences in volume were seen between observers for both 2D and 3D-MRI-defined GTVp at weeks 0 and 3 (p < 0.05). Good interobserver agreement (IOA) was seen for CTVs delineated on all imaging modalities with best IOA on 3D-MRI; median Conformity index (CI) 0.74 for CT, 0.75 for 2D-MRI and 0.77 for 3D-MRI. IOA of MRI-defined GTVp week 0 was better compared to CT; CI 0.58 for CT, 0.62 for 2D-MRI and 0.7 for 3D-MRI. MRI-defined GTVp IOA week three was worse compared to week 0.

Conclusion:

Delineation on MRI results in smaller volumes and better IOA week 0 compared to CT. 3D-MRI provides the best IOA in CTV and GTVp. MRI-defined GTVp on images acquired week 3 showed worse IOA compared to week 0. This highlights the need for consensus guidelines in GTVp delineation on MRI during treatment course in the context of dose escalation MRI-guided rectal boost studies.

Advances in knowledge:

Optimal MRI sequences for CT/MRI simulation and MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy in rectal cancer have been defined.
The role of Tis11 family in the pathophysiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Μπάου Μαρία
Published: November 2021

Σε αυτή την μελέτη χρησιμοποιήθηκαν κύτταρα Χρόνιας Λεμφοκυτταρικής Λευχαιμίας και μελετήθηκε η ρύθμιση των πρωτεϊνών της οικογένειας Tis11 πριν και μετά από χρήση φαρμάκων που προάγουν την απόπτωση (Rituximab ή Mabthera, crosslinked Rituximab) και παραγόντων που αναστέλλουν την απόπτωση (IL-4, CD40L, anti-CD40, anti-CD40+IL-4, PMA). Η οικογένεια Tis11 αποτελείται από πρωτεΐνες που προσκολώνται σε περιοχές του 3’ UTR πλούσιες σε AU ακολουθίες νουκλεοτιδίων. Η οικογένεια Tis11 αποτελείται από τις Tis11 (ή ZFP36), Tis11b (ή ZFP36L1), Tis11d (ή ZFP36L2) πρωτεΐνες που όταν εκφραστούν με διαμόλυνση προάγουν τη απόπτωση σε διάφορα κύτταρα όπως οι ινοβλάστες, τα επιθηλιακά κύτταρα και τα κύτταρα του οστεοσαρκώματος. Βρέθηκε ότι το Tis11 mRNA εκφράζεται πιο ισχυρά από το Tis11b mRNA σε μη διεγερμένα κύτταρα και δεν άλλαξε η έκφρασή του στις 3 ώρες μετά τη διέγερση σχεδόν με όλους τους παράγοντες και τα φάρμακα που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. Αντίθετα το Tis11b mRNA είχε μηδαμινή έκφραση σε μη διεγερμένα κύτταρα και η έκφρασή του αυξήθηκε σημαντικά με τη χρήση του Rituximab, crosslinked Rituximab, CD40L, anti-CD40 και PMA στις 3 ώρες μετά την διέγερση. Το ίδιο βρέθηκε και για την πρωτεΐνη Tis11b. Η αύξηση στα επίπεδα Tis11b mRNA και πρωτεΐνης βρέθηκε από αυτή την μελέτη να ελέγχεται από το p38 και το JNK μονοπάτια μεταγωγής σήματος μετά από χρήση του crosslinked Rituximab ενώ μετά από χρήση των παραγόντων anti-CD40 και PMA η αύξηση του Tis11b mRNA και πρωτεΐνης βρέθηκε να ελέγχεται από το NF-κB μονοπάτι μεταγωγής σήματος. Όσο αφορά το Tis11d mRNA αυτό βρέθηκε να εκφράζεται ισχυρά σε μη διεγερμένα κύτταρα στους περισσότερους ασθενείς που μελετήθηκαν και η έκφρασή του αυτή δεν αυξήθηκε περαιτέρω μετά από χρήση του Rituximab και του crosslinked Rituximab στους περισσότερους από τους ασθενείς που μελετήθηκαν. Όταν χρησιμοποιήθηκε στη μελέτη αυτή η τεχνολογία της siRNA διαμόλυνσης η οποία επέδειξε ότι όταν αποτρέπεται η αύξηση του Tis11b mRNA και πρωτεΐνης μετά από την χρήση crosslinked Rituximab μέσω της χρήσης siRNA τότε το crosslinked Rituximab έχει πάρα πολύ μειωμένη ικανότητα στο να προάγει την απόπτωση στα κύτταρα της Χρόνιας Λεμφοκυτταρικής Λευχαιμίας. Επίσης μελετήθηκε και βρέθηκε οτι η έκφραση των Tis11, Tis11b,Tis11d διαφέρει σε διάφορες κυτταρικές σειρές που εκπροσωπούν διάφορα στάδια της διαφοροποίησης των Β λεμφοκυττάρων.