bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired passive variable recruitment of fluidic artificial muscles
Authors: Chapman Edward M , Bryant Matthew
Published: July 2018

This article presents a novel, passive approach to creating variable actuator recruitment in bundles of fluidic artificial muscles. The passive recruitment control approach is inspired by the functionality of mammalian muscle tissues, in which a single activation signal from the nervous system sequentially triggers contraction of progressively larger actuation elements until the required force is generated. Biologically, this behavior is encoded by differences in electrical resistance properties between smaller and larger muscle-fiber groups. The approach presented here produces analogous behavior using a uniform applied pressure to all fluidic artificial muscles while creating differential pressure responses and threshold pressures among the fluidic artificial muscles via tailored bladder elasticity parameters. A model for using elastic bladder stiffness to control an artificial muscle bundle with a single valve is explored and used to compare a bundle of fluidic artificial muscles with both low and high threshold pressure units to a single fluidic artificial muscle of equivalent displacement and force capability. The results of this analysis indicate the efficacy of using this control method; it is advantageous in cases where a wide range of displacements and forces are necessary and can increase efficiency when the system primarily operates in a low-force regime but requires occasional bursts of high-force capability.
Experiences of Self-Monitoring in Self-Directed Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Hartmann-Boyce Jamie , Boylan Anne-Marie , Jebb Susan A. , Aveyard Paul
Published: July 2018

The experience and role of self-monitoring in self-directed weight loss attempts may be distinctly different from that within formal interventions, and has yet to be fully explored. We systematically reviewed qualitative studies to examine experiences of self-monitoring as an aid to self-directed weight loss. Thematic synthesis was used to construct descriptive and analytical themes from the available data. In all, 22 studies (681 participants) were included, in which the uses of self-monitoring ranged from an aid to increase adherence to a tool for facilitating analysis. Self-monitoring also influenced and was influenced by self-perception and emotions. Feelings of shame were linked with abandonment of efforts. Findings highlight the centrality of interpretation of self-monitored data, the implications this interpretation has on sense of self, and the impact of broader discourses. Explicitly framing self-monitoring as a positive tool with which to aid analysis may encourage helpful use of this technique.
Exploring Single, Stay-at-Home, and Gay Fathers’ Perspectives of Masculinity and the Influence These Have on Their Understandings of Their 4- to 12-Year-Old Children’s Outdoor Risky Play
Authors: Bauer Michelle E. E. , Giles Audrey R.
Published: July 2018

Fathers’ perspectives on masculinity can influence their perspectives on their children’s outdoor risky play. This study makes a novel contribution to bridging a gap in knowledge that exists between the fields of sexuality, family dynamics, and child injury prevention by exploring single, stay-at-home, and gay fathers’ perspectives on masculinity and the influence that these have on their perspectives of their 4- to 12-year-old children’s outdoor risky play practices. Through the use of semistructured interviews and critical discourse analysis, three discourses were identified: Masculinity and fatherhood are being redefined, fathers play an important role in their children’s experiences of outdoor risky play, and fathers should enforce limits during their children’s outdoor risky play.
Emotions and the Right Hemisphere: Can New Data Clarify Old Models?
Authors: Gainotti Guido
Published: July 2018

Models advanced to explain hemispheric asymmetries in representation of emotions will be discussed following their historical progression. First, the clinical observations that have suggested a general dominance of the right hemisphere for all kinds of emotions will be reviewed. Then the experimental investigations that have led to proposal of a different hemispheric specialization for positive versus negative emotions (valence hypothesis) or, alternatively, for approach versus avoidance tendencies (motivational hypothesis) will be surveyed. The discussion of these general models will be followed by a review of recent studies which have documented laterality effects within specific brain structures, known to play a critical role in different components of emotions, namely the amygdata in the computation of emotionally laden stimuli, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the integration between cognition and emotion and in the control of impulsive reactions and the anterior insula in the conscious experience of emotion. Results of these recent investigations support and provide an updated integrated version of early models assuming a general right hemisphere dominance for all kinds of emotions.
Purkinje Cell Representations of Behavior: Diary of a Busy Neuron
Authors: Popa Laurentiu S. , Streng Martha L. , Ebner Timothy J.
Published: July 2018

Fundamental for understanding cerebellar function is determining the representations in Purkinje cell activity, the sole output of the cerebellar cortex. Up to the present, the most accurate descriptions of the information encoded by Purkinje cells were obtained in the context of motor behavior and reveal a high degree of heterogeneity of kinematic and performance error signals encoded. The most productive framework for organizing Purkinje cell firing representations is provided by the forward internal model hypothesis. Direct tests of this hypothesis show that individual Purkinje cells encode two different forward models simultaneously, one for effector kinematics and one for task performance. Newer results demonstrate that the timing of simple spike encoding of motor parameters spans an extend interval of up to ±2 seconds. Furthermore, complex spike discharge is not limited to signaling errors, can be predictive, and dynamically controls the information in the simple spike firing to meet the demands of upcoming behavior. These rich, diverse, and changing representations highlight the integrative aspects of cerebellar function and offer the opportunity to generalize the cerebellar computational framework over both motor and non-motor domains.
Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology in Spain: A snapshot of current situation
Authors: Sosa Barrios R Haridian , Ibeas Jose , Roca Tey Ramon , Ceballos Guerrero Manuel , Betriu Bars Angels , Cornago Delgado Ignacio , Lanuza Luengo Manuel , Paraíso Cuevas Vicente , Quirós Ganga Pedro L , Rivera Gorrín Maite E
Published: July 2018

Background:

Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology has been a rising field in recent years worldwide. Catheter insertion, renal biopsy, renal ultrasound, and peritoneal dialysis catheter or permanent dialysis catheter insertion are vital to our specialty. At present, many of these procedures are delegated to other specialties, generating long waiting lists and limiting diagnosis and treatment.

Methods:

An online survey was emailed to all Nephrology departments in Spain. One survey response was allowed per center.

Results:

Of 195 Nephrology departments, 70 responded (35.8%). Of them, 72.3% (52) had ultrasound equipment, 77.1% insert temporary jugular catheters, and 92.8% femoral. Up to 75.7% (53 centers) perform native renal biopsies, of which 35.8% (19) are real-time ultrasound guided by nephrologists. Transplant kidney biopsies are done in 26 centers, of which 46.1% (12) by nephrologists. Tunneled hemodialysis catheters are inserted in 27 centers (38.5%), peritoneal catheter insertion in 18 (31.6%), and only 2 centers (2.8%) perform arteriovenous fistulae angioplasty. In terms of ultrasound imaging, 20 centers (28.5%) do native renal ultrasound and 16 (22.8%) transplanted kidneys. Of all units 71.4% offer carotid ultrasound to evaluate cardiovascular risk, only in 15 centers (21%) by nephrologists. AVF ultrasound scanning is done in 55.7% (39).

Conclusion:

Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology is slowly spreading in Spain. It includes basic techniques to our specialty, allowing nephrologists to be more independent, efficient, and reducing waiting times and costs, overall improving patient care. Nowadays, more nephrologists aim to perform them. Therefore, appropriate training on different techniques should be warranted, implementing an official certification and teaching programs.
Description of a New Genus and New Species of Soft Scale Insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Cuba
Authors: Mestre-Novoa Nereida , Kondo Takumasa
Published: July 2018

A new neotropical genus and species of soft scale insect from Cuba, Hamonicoccus Mestre and Kondo gen. nov. is described and Hamonicoccus alayoi Mestre and Kondo sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) is described and illustrated based on the adult female. The species was collected in Cayos de las Cinco Leguas, Matanzas Province, on Capparis cynophallophora (Capparaceae), and in Surgidero de Batabanó, Mayabeque Province, on Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae). The affinities of H alayoi sp. nov. with closely related species is discussed based on published literature. An updated list of soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) known from Cuba is provided.
Entrepreneurial decision-making in a microcosm
Authors: Chang Jane , Rieple Alison
Published: July 2018

This study investigates when, how and why students use opportunity management behaviours (causation, effectuation and bricolage) within a fundraising project that acted as a microcosm of the entrepreneur’s world. Such a pedagogical device reveals students’ use of different opportunity management behaviours over the different stages of entrepreneurship. Although research has confirmed the use of these behaviours by entrepreneurs, how student entrepreneurs learn, and practice, them, remains underexplored. Causation is the predominant focus for university teaching, yet our data reveal that students adopted all three behaviours at different stages of the fundraising project as they responded to different contextual forces. Our findings suggest that opportunity management theories should take a more prominent role in the higher education entrepreneurship curriculum. Educators also need to provide a better means of facilitating students to learn about, and practice, a greater repertoire of opportunity management behaviours than is currently the case.
The photograph as archive: Crafting contemporary Koorie culture
Authors: Thorner Sabra G
Published: July 2018

In 2008, an Aboriginal Australian artist based in Melbourne, Australia, created a kangaroo-teeth necklace, revivifying an art/cultural practice for the first time in over a century. She was inspired to do so after viewing an 1880 photograph of an ancestor wearing such adornment. In this article, I bring the necklace and the photograph into the same analytical frame, arguing for the photograph as an archive itself. I consider the trajectories through which the 19th-century image has been replicated and circulated in various productions of knowledge about Aboriginal people, and how a 21st-century artist is mobilizing it not just as a repository of visual information, but also as an impetus to creative production. She produces objects of value and is making culture anew, in a context in which Aboriginality has long/often been presumed absent, extinct or elsewhere.
The Council’s REACH? National governments’ influence in the European Parliament
Authors: Willumsen David M
Published: July 2018

The presence of cross-institutional partisan links between the Council and the European Parliament is a key feature of bicameral law-making in the European Union. However, assessing the conditions under which national parties can and do influence ‘their’ Members of the European Parliament is complicated by a lack of measurements of the national interest at stake. Analysing the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals regulation, this article shows that national parties represented in the Council only seek to influence ‘their’ Members of the European Parliament when the national interest at stake is sufficiently large and, more importantly, when a legislative deal has been struck. These findings have implications for our understanding of legislative politics in the European Union and the relationship between Members of the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Groups and the Council.
Denial of the Kurdish question in the personal narratives of lay people
Authors: Uzun Avci Emel
Published: July 2018

For at least the past 30 years, the Kurdish question has been the most urgent agenda concern for Turkey. Denial of the Kurdish question is a state narrative and an administrative strategy in Turkey that was produced by the founders of the Republic and disseminated by its leadership using the state apparatus. However, we know very little about how denial operates within lay person accounts of the Kurdish question. Learning about the narrative forms that lay people produce in their accounts on the Kurdish question is necessary to understand the micro-level appearance of the question. Denial appears to be a foundational strategy employed by lay Kurds and Turks in different forms, through numerous arguments, and from different motivations, as evidenced in their personal accounts. This study investigates the arguments, forms, and functions of this denial in the personal accounts of lay Turks and Kurds in Turkey.
Latina Adolescent Becomings: Interrupting (Un)Silenced Spaces Into Entangled Modes of Resistance
Authors: Elfreich Alycia
Published: July 2018

This research project focuses on embodied and engendered liminal experiences of Latina adolescents through ontologies of becoming as a space to generatively and critically expand notions of resistance and activism. Specifically, this article seeks to reconceptualize Latinas’ identities and subjectivities outside current (and silenced) understandings of their border-crossing journeys and the subsequent trauma of living in the United States as undocumented immigrants. Finally, a Chicana/Latina Feminist Cultural Studies (FCS) framework creates “parallel genealogies of thought” that disrupts methodological Eurocentric perspectives and entangles postcolonial agentive thought.
Recovery From Rheumatoid Arthritis Following 15 Months of Therapy With Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation: A Case Report
Authors: Kojima Shuji , Thukimoto Mitsutoshi , Cuttler Jerry M. , Inoguchi Kiyomi , Ootaki Takahiro , Shimura Noriko , Koga Hironobu , Murata Akihisa
Published: July 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that occurs commonly in old people. Hot spring radon therapy is widely practiced in Central Europe and Japan for relief from the painful symptoms. The usual duration of a spa treatment is a week or two, and the relief is temporary. This article reports on the near-complete recovery of a patient who had been suffering from RA for 10 years. The patient received 15 months of low-dose radon and γ-radiation therapy in a room that reproduced the conditions of a radon spa. The daily 40-minute exposure in the therapy room was supplemented by ten 6-minute radio-nebulizer treatments. The inflammation markers C-reactive protein and matrix metalloproteinase 3 declined strongly to the normal level of 0.07 mg/dL and the near-normal level of 48.9 ng/mL, respectively. After the patient's return to good health, the frequency of the visits was reduced to twice each month. The patient’s protection systems appear to have adapted to stimulated conditions, sufficiently to sustain the recovery from RA. Such a long-term course of treatments and follow-up maintenance could be carried out in any hospital that has these low-dose radiation therapy rooms. The therapy could be scheduled to suit patient availability.
Optimal randomized path planning for redundant manipulators based on Memory-Goal-Biasing
Authors: Han Dong , Nie Hong , Chen Jinbao , Chen Meng
Published: July 2018

Planning path rapidly and optimally is one of the key technologies for industrial manipulators. A novel method based on Memory-Goal-Biasing–Rapidly-exploring Random Tree is proposed to solve high-dimensional manipulation planning more rapidly and optimally. The tree extension of Memory-Goal-Biasing–Rapidly-exploring Random Tree can be divided into random extension and goal extension. In the goal extension, the nodes extended to the goal are recorded in a memory, and then the node closest to the goal is selected in the search tree excepting the nodes in the memory for overcoming the local minimum. In order to check collisions efficiently, the manipulator is simplified into several key points, and the obstacle area is appropriately enlarged for safety. Taking the redundant manipulator of Baxter robot as an example, the proposed algorithm is verified through MoveIt! software. The results show that Memory-Goal-Biasing–Rapidly-exploring Random Tree only takes a few seconds for the path planning of the redundant manipulator in some complex environments, and within an acceptable time, its optimization performance is better than that of traditional optimal method in terms of the obtained path costs and the corresponding standard deviation.
Reflections on Research: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Berg Margaret Haefner
Published: July 2018

This paper was presented upon receiving the Outstanding String Researcher Award at the 2017 National American String Teachers Association (ASTA) Conference in Pittsburgh. The author traces significant experiences and people who shaped her interest in conducting research, followed by a confessional tale of the affective experience of engaging in, and teaching others how to initially engage in, the research process. The author then invites readers to consider various questions we might explore in our collective future research, pointing to the connections between and vital roles of making music and doing research.
The Status of Strings and Orchestra Programs in U.S. Schools
Authors: Smith Bret P. , Mick James P. , Alexander Michael L.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to monitor the status of school string and orchestra programs in the United States and to gather descriptive information in the areas of program characteristics, curriculum, support, and student/teacher demographics. A second purpose was to document trends observed when compared with results of previous studies. Based on the review of literature, specific variables were identified as potential for trends: string student enrollment, symphonic orchestra offerings, enhancement offerings, private lesson enrollment, string teacher shortages, and student/teacher demographic information. All members of the American String Teachers Association indicating K-12 string teaching as part of their duties were contacted to complete a web-based survey ( N = 2,232). After follow-up contact, 369 respondents participated (16.5%). Although teachers indicated growth in both number and size of programs, increased utilization of approved curricula, and representative racial demographics among students, analysis revealed the following concerns: a decline in the offering of symphonic orchestra and other enhancements, a decline in student participation in private instruction, unrepresentative gender and racial demographics of string teachers, and factors that indicate a continuing string teacher shortage.
The uneven terrain of dialogical encounters and the spatial politics of listening
Authors: Rose-Redwood Reuben , Kitchin Rob , Rickards Lauren , Rossi Ugo , Datta Ayona , Crampton Jeremy
Published: July 2018

The contributions to this forum have highlighted how the limits to scholarly dialogue are multiple and have had serious consequences for the ways in which knowledges are produced and debated in the academy, the media, and wider society. In this rejoinder to the commentaries on our article, ‘The Possibilities and Limits to Dialogue’, we embrace the stance of affirmative critique in order to constructively engage with the important issues that our interlocutors raised. In particular, we consider questions of dialogical recognition, refusal, and the politics of listening as well as the need to strive not only to engage in dialogue but also to work toward changing the terms and terrain of dialogical engagement in order to produce a more equitable and just space of dialogical encounters in the academy.
U.S. Empire and the “Adaptive Education” Model: The Global Production of Race
Authors: Bates Julia
Published: July 2018

Following World War I, the U.S. Department of Labor worked with a large-scale commercial philanthropic endeavor called the Phelps Stokes Fund to transfer educational policies designed for African Americans to West Africa and South Africa. They specifically promoted the “adaptive education” model used at Tuskegee and the Hampton institutes for African American education. This model emphasized manual labor, Christian character formation, and political passivity as a form of racial uplift. They relied upon the sociologist and educational director of the Phelps Stokes Fund, Thomas Jesse Jones, to advocate for the transnational development of the model. Juxtaposing Jones’s advocacy for the adaptive education model in Education in Africa and W.E.B. Du Bois’s critique of the model in The Crisis and Darkwater, the author finds that two different conceptions of the U.S. racial state emerge. According to Jones and Du Bois, why did the U.S. racial state decide to link African Americans and Africans as similar objects of political intervention? Furthermore, can this dynamic be conceptualized within a theory of race that conceptualizes the U.S. racial state as a nation-state?
Novel agents for primary central nervous system lymphoma: evidence and perspectives
Authors: Illerhaus Gerald , Schorb Elisabeth , Kasenda Benjamin
Published: July 2018

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare aggressive extranodal non- Hodgkin lymphoma. Although high remission rates can be achieved with high-dose methotrexate–based immunochemotherapy, risk of relapse and associated death is still substantial in at least a third of patients. Novel agents for treating lymphoid malignancies have substantially enriched treatment options for PCNSL. We herein systematically review the existing clinical evidence of novel agents in treatment of PCNSL, summarize ongoing studies, and discuss perspectives. The body of evidence for novel agents is still limited to noncomparative studies, but the most promising approaches include Bruton kinase inhibition with ibrutinib and immunomodulatory treatment (eg, with lenalidomide). Targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway does not seem to have a meaningful clinical benefit, and evidence of checkpoint inhibition with nivolumab is limited to anecdotal evidence. Future studies should embrace the concept of induction and maintenance therapy as well as the combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action. Selection of patients based on molecular profiling and relapse patterns should be another aspect informing future comparative trials, which are urgently needed to improve prognosis for patients with PCNSL.
Impact of lithofacies variations and structural changes on natural fracture distributions
Authors: Milad Benmadi , Slatt Roger
Published: July 2018

Understanding and predicting the impact of lithofacies changes and structural effects on fracture distributions is vitally important to optimize a drilling location and orientation. To evaluate and model fracture intensity of the Late Ordovician-Silurian-Early Devonian Hunton Group carbonates in Oklahoma, natural fractures were studied at different scales using borehole images, three outcrops (two horizontally bedded outcrops and one anticline outcrop), and seismic data. Natural fractures identified from eight horizontal well borehole images include conductive (open), partially open, mineralized (closed), and induced fractures. Four fracture sets were identified from borehole images and from the two horizontally bedded outcrops. A 3D fracture intensity model was populated, from the fracture intensity logs at the boreholes, and compared with a 3D lithofacies model. Principal component analysis from lithology logs produced input to a self-organizing map to classify and cluster electrofacies. Thin sections and borehole images corroborate the electrofacies around the wellbores, whereas 3D seismic data were used as constraints to build a 3D lithofacies model. A 3D lithofacies model resulted from the extrapolation of the lithofacies from the well scale to the regional seismic scale. In this study area, lithofacies and structure are interrelated and control fracture distributions. Lithofacies is the primary control, whereas structure is the secondary control. Three lithofacies (wackestone, mudstone, and mud-dominated wackestone) were identified. A positive relationship between the fracture intensity and the presence of wackestone was observed at well locations and in the mapped subsurface area. The other two lithofacies do not exhibit high fracture abundance. Structural effects influence fracture distributions near faults and positive curvature areas in the subsurface measured on the 3D seismic data. For the Hunton Anticline outcrop exposure, there was a positive linear relationship between fracture intensity and changes in curvature for the mudstone and mud-dominated wackestone and an exponential relationship for the wackestone textures. The integration of lithology and structure from multidisciplinary, multiscalar data (i.e., outcrops, image logs, and 3D seismic) helps to identify and predict the fractured zones in the Hunton carbonates and can be used for horizontal well planning as well as stimulation programs. More importantly, this study proposes a generic model to predict the variability of fractures at different scales of curvatures combined with lithology changes and can be used for other carbonate reservoirs.
ΣΤΑΤΙΣΤΙΚΑ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΧΝΟΤΗΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΝΟΣΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΔΙΩΝ ΠΤΗΝΩΝ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΑ ΕΤΗ 1955-1960
Authors: ΑΫΦΑΝΤΗΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΙΟΣ
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΟΙ ΤΥΠΟΙ ΤΩΝ ΚΟΝΣΕΡΒΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΩΝ ΤΡΟΦΙΜΩΝ ΑΠΟ ΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗΣ ΑΠΟΨΕΩΣ
Authors: ΓΑΛΑΝΗΣ ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΠΑΡΑΓΟΝΤΕΣ ΕΠΗΡΕΑΖΟΝΤΕΣ ΤΗΝ ΚΑΤΑΝΑΛΩΣΙΝ ΤΗΣ ΤΡΟΦΗΣ ΕΙΣ ΤΑΣ ΟΡΝΙΘΑΣ
Authors: ΚΑΛΑΪΣΑΚΗΣ Π.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΑΝΕΥΡΕΣΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΚΩΛΗΚΟΣ MESOCESTOIDES LINEÀTUS ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΝΥΜΦΗΣ ΑΥΤΟΥ TETRATHYRIDIUM BAILLETI ΕΠΙ ΚΥΝΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΓΑΛΗΣ ΑΝΤΙΣΤΟΙΧΩΣ
Authors: ΒΕΛΤΣΟΣ Α. Γ.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
A tiling array-based comparative genomic hybridization approach to predict copy number variations between Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from the Indian Sub-continent
Authors: Pandey Isha , Kaur Ramandeep , Subudhi Amit Kumar , Boopathi P.A , Mugasimangalam Raja C. , Rao Sudha N. , Aiyaz Mohammed , Kochar Sanjay , Kochar Dhanpat , Das Ashis
Published: July 2018

Background: There are several techniques to analyse copy number variation in both research and clinical settings, such as whole genome amplification (sWGA), SNP arrays and one of the most commonly used techniques, array based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). In the latter, copy number comparison is obtained between differentially labelled target and reference DNAs by measuring ratio of fluorescence intensity of probes indicating loss or gain in the chromosomal region.

Methods: Here we carry out a comparative analysis between two Plasmodium falciparum parasite isolates (Pf-isolate-2 and Pf-isolate-1) causing malaria using array CGH. The array contains approximately 418,577, 60mer custom-designed probes with an average probe spacing of 56 bp. The significant major variations (amplifications and deletions) copy number variations (CNV) in Pf-isolate-2 (Pf-2) in comparison with Pf-isolate-1 (Pf-1), are reported.

Results: CNVs have been seen in all the chromosomes in Pf-2, most of the deletions have been seen mostly in sub-telomeric and telomeric regions of the chromosomes that comprises of variant surface antigen family genes. Apart from the subtelomeric regions other parts of the chromosomes have also shown CNVs. Novel variations ,  like continuous amplification of 28kb region (249817-278491) of chromosome-8, which covers for 3 genes two of which codes for conserved Plasmodium proteins with unknown function (MAL8P1.139, PF08_0122) and tRNA pseudouridine synthase, putative (PF08_0123). Amplifications in regions harboring genes like GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH-1, PFL1155W) and ribosomal protein, L24, putative (PFL1150C) of chromosome 12 were seen.

Conclusion: Other than known variations reported earlier, some novel variations have also been seen in the chromosomes of Pf-2. This is an experimental case study reporting major amplifications and deletions in Pf-isolate-2 in comparison with Pf-isolate-1 using a tiling array based comparative genomic hybridization approach.
Chemical characterization of bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa albociliata and Dracaena surculosa) by sodium hydroxide treatment
Authors: Ameram Nadiah , Afiq Che Agoh Muhammad , Idris Wan Farhana W. , Ali Arlina
Published: July 2018

Background: Dracaena surculosa and Gigantochloa albociliata leaves are different in morphology and appearance. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is widely used in pulping of wood for making paper or regenerated fibers. NaOH is used to separate lignin from cellulose fibers, and this treatment is needed to identify the characteristics of leaves.  This study was conducted in order to investigate the characteristics of D. surculosa and G.albociliata species under NaOH treatment.  

Methods: NaOH was applied to the leaves for 8 hours.  Treated and untreated bamboo leaves were analysed using FTIR analysis, in order to identify the presence of functional groups in the leaves.

Results: It was observed that these two species not only differ physically, but also chemically. The presence of OH, CH and alkynes functional groups in the leaf sample indicates that the species share similar properties but have a slight difference in the molecular bonds. From the morphological observation of D. surculosa and G. albociliata leaves, they are slightly different in terms of leaf appearance and characteristics. G. albociliata have thicker leaves compared to D. surculosa, and NaOH treatment shows that D. surculosa leaves are harder to dissolve into the solvent. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of these two species shows the initial structure of fibres in the leaves are intact but after NaOH treatment, the fibres are ruptured and appear in non-uniform shapes.

Conclusions: The initial morphology of G. albociliata and D.surculosa is different in color and appearance. However after NaOH treatment, the color becomes almost the same. Regarding SEM analysis, after NaOH treatment the morphology of the bamboo leaves completely changes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the process of hemicellulose removal had occurred during treatment. The results show that lignin has been removed by NaOH treatment to enhance the characteristics of the bamboo leaves from different species.
The inhibition of checkpoint activation by telomeres does not involve exclusion of dimethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me2)
Authors: Audry Julien , Wang Jinyu , Eisenstatt Jessica R. , Berkner Kathleen L. , Runge Kurt W.
Published: July 2018

DNA double-strand (DSBs) breaks activate the DNA damage checkpoint machinery to pause or halt the cell cycle.  Telomeres, the specific DNA-protein complexes at linear eukaryotic chromosome ends, are capped DSBs that do not activate DNA damage checkpoints.  This “checkpoint privileged” status of telomeres was previously investigated in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe lacking the major double-stranded telomere DNA binding protein Taz1.  Telomeric DNA repeats in cells lacking Taz1 are 10 times longer than normal and contain single-stranded DNA regions.  DNA damage checkpoint proteins associate with these damaged telomeres, but the DNA damage checkpoint is not activated.  This severing of the DNA damage checkpoint signaling pathway was reported to stem from exclusion of histone H4 lysine 20 dimethylation (H4K20me2) from telomeric nucleosomes in both wild type cells and cells lacking Taz1.  However, experiments to identify the mechanism of this exclusion failed, prompting our re-evaluation of H4K20me2 levels at telomeric chromatin.  In this short report, we used an extensive series of controls to identify an antibody specific for the H4K20me2 modification and show that the level of this modification is the same at telomeres and internal loci in both wild type cells and those lacking Taz1.  Consequently, telomeres must block activation of the DNA Damage Response by another mechanism that remains to be determined.
A revised genus­level taxonomy for Trimezieae (Iridaceae) based on expanded molecular and morphological analyses
Authors: Lovo Juliana , Winkworth Richard C. , Santos Bragança Gil André dos , Amaral Maria do Carmo E. , Bittrich Volker , Mello-Silva Renato
Published: July 2018

Trimezieae is a Neotropical tribe of Iridaceae. It is widely distributed in Central and South America with species diversity centered on Brazil. Previous studies have consistently found that although the tribe itself is monophyletic, as currently recognized three of the four genera within it are not. Using an enlarged sampling of taxa, molecular markers and morphological characters, the present study further improves our understanding. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the broad­scale relationships observed in earlier studies. That is, four principal clades are well supported but links between them remain uncertain. A broad morphological survey identified diagnostic characters for several clades; these were primarily vegetative, including features of the underground stems, leaves and flowering stems. Based on these findings we present a new genericlevel classification that recognizes groups that were well supported in phylogenetic analyses and are clearly distinguished on morphological grounds. This framework requires new circumscriptions for three of the existing generic­level taxa, as well as the recognition of a new genus within the tribe.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO MATEMÁTICO DE FUTURAS MAESTRAS DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL
Authors: Sámuel Marjorie , Vanegas Yuly , Giménez Joaquín
Published: July 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN. Actualmente, la formación del profesorado en todos los niveles es objeto de estudio permanente. Sin embargo, en el caso de la Educación Infantil, se han realizado pocas investigaciones para analizar el conocimiento matemático de futuros docentes. En este estudio se busca caracterizar el conocimiento matemático inicial de futuras maestras de educación infantil, cuando se enfrentan al análisis de tareas escolares sobre simetría. MÉTODO. Se realiza un estudio de caso etnográfico con un grupo de futuras maestras. Se diseña una tarea profesional en la que se pide reflexionar sobre situaciones de simetría y sobre las respuestas de niños y niñas a dichas situaciones. Se analizan las producciones escritas de futuras maestras desde la perspectiva de la competencia docente “mirar profesionalmente”, focalizando el análisis en la destreza identificar los elementos matemáticos de la noción de simetría. RESULTADOS. Se identifican tres niveles de la comprensión de la simetría. Las futuras maestras que se encuentran en el nivel alto reconocen al menos tres propiedades de la simetría. En el nivel medio (donde se ubican la mayoría de las futuras maestras del estudio), se identifican una o dos propiedades, justificando fundamentalmente la idea de simetría como patrón de repetición visual y el cambio de orientación de las figuras. En el nivel bajo las futuras maestras reconocen la simetría como una repetición de la forma y el color. CONCLUSIONES. En relación a la identificación de los elementos matemáticos relevantes en la tarea profesional planteada, se observa que muy pocas futuras maestras identifican la simetría como transformación punto a punto, confundiendo la simetría axial con central y evidenciando dificultades para reconocer en su totalidad las propiedades que definen a la simetría. En particular no identifican el eje de simetría como invariante de la transformación ni como movimiento involutivo.
Volatile Component Analysis of Michelia alba Leaves and Their Effect on Fumigation Activity and Worker Behavior of Solenopsis invicta
Authors: Qin Deqiang , Huang Rilin , Li Zihao , Wang Shiying , Cheng Dongmei , Zhang Zhixiang
Published: July 2018

Volatile compounds from mashed (fresh, fallen, and dried) leaves ofMichelia alba were collected via solid-phase microextraction and werethen identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The resultsshowed that linalool was the dominant component in different leaves,together with caryophyllene, β-elemene, and selinene, the contents ofwhich vary across the samples. The fumigation bioassay results showedthat the volatiles from M. alba leaves exhibited insecticidal activity againstred imported fire ant workers, and the mortality of workers could reachup to 100% after the fallen leaves were treated for 16 h. Mashed freshleaves could effectively reduce the aggregation and drinking ability ofworkers. The volatile substances released from the mashed leaves mightkill the ants, or affect their behavior and weaken the activity by interferingtransmit information between ants. A comprehensive consideration ofthe economic and ecological value of M. alba shows that fallen leavesmight be a good resource to control red imported fire ant.
Hylomyrma villemantae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a New Ant Species from Mountain Rainforests of the Atlantic Forest Biome
Authors: Da Silva Neves Marilha , Jahyny Benoit Jean Bernard , De Souza Ramos Lacau Lucimeire , Silva D'Esquivel Michele , Lima de Oliveira Muriel , Delabie Jacques Hubert Charles , Lacau Sébastien
Published: July 2018

A new species of Myrmicinae, Hylomyrma villemantae Neves and Lacau (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is described after the morphology of the worker. This species is easily distinguished from any other ones in the genus by a unique combination of characters, including the fourth abdominal tergite wholly smooth and shining. This ant is probably endemic from southern Bahia in Brazil. It was collected in a forest remnant of Tropical Mountain Rainforests in the Atlantic Forest biome.
Fortificación del siglo XX: sistema, arquitectura y patrimonio. El dispositivo de la orilla norte del estrecho de Gibraltar
Authors: Atanasio Guisado Alberto , Arévalo Rodríguez Federico
Published: July 2018

La fortificación ejecutada al finalizar la Guerra Civil Española en la orilla norte del estrecho de Gibraltar, en una franja litoral de más de cien kilómetros entre Conil de la Frontera y San Roque, tenía por objetivos controlar la navegación entre el Atlántico y el Mediterráneo, bloquear el Peñón de Gibraltar, y defenderse de un posible desembarco enemigo. Dada la capacidad de destrucción y el alcance de la artillería, la progresiva dispersión de los elementos convierte a la fortificación en un verdadero sistema fortificado, un conjunto compuesto por diversas redes o subsistemas con una importante componente territorial.En este artículo se pone el acento en esos subsistemas,  entendiendo que tanto ellos como las arquitecturas que los componen se vinculan con lo patrimonial y muestran una sugerente relación con el paisaje.
Sistemas de impermeabilización y control de masas. Características arquitectónicas de la frontera en tiempos de excepción.
Authors: Giráldez López Antonio
Published: July 2018

La frontera se ha convertido un elemento central a la construcción del territorio. Debe entenderse como un dispositivo transescalar, donde diferentes funciones convergen en una materialización aparentemente simple. Desvelemos las condiciones espaciales específicas que genera, alejándonos de formulaciones históricas para entender su funcionamiento operativo. Se ha seleccionado la excepción para desarrollar las profundas implicaciones espaciales que ésta produce sobre el territorio y la arquitectura. Es necesario cuestionarse qué configuraciones espaciales son propias de un modelo territorial que ya no es representado por la norma, sino por la excepción. A través de dos casos situados en la frontera de Ceuta se analizan las condiciones espaciales relacionadas directamente con la excepción para obtener características de este dispositivo arquitectónico. El primer caso, el retorno de un migrante en la frontera del Benzú introduce una serie de mecanismos en relación a la construcción de la frontera operativa: la importancia adquirida por los cuerpos en la construcción de ensamblajes móviles y el cuestionamiento de la línea soberana. El segundo, el cruce del paso del Tarajal en 2014 evidencia como dicha frontera operativa genera arquitectónicas de la excepción que involucran agentes dispersos, dotándolos de nuevas funciones. Ambos acontecimientos evidencian la capacidad de generar espacialidades instantáneas cuyos límites no poseen la precisión de las fronteras históricas. Además, muestran la capacidad de conexión e inclusión entre diferentes elementos para asegurar la efectividad del sistema.  Si la arquitectura que materializa la ley requiere la fisicidad del muro, la arquitectónica de la excepción necesita estos mecanismos para configurarla.
11 años de arquitectos y arquitectas por la Universidad de Alicante. Estudio sobre la situación laboral de los/as egresados/as entre 2003 y 2013.
Authors: Gutiérrez Mozo María Elia , Carbayo Herencia Julio Antonio , Moles Segovia Ana
Published: July 2018

La titulación de Arquitectura en la Universidad de Alicante (UA) arrancó en el curso 1996-1997, coincidiendo casi con el inicio, en nuestro país, de la década prodigiosa 1997-2006 y produciendo sus primeros arquitectos en el curso 2002-2003. La Escuela no fue ajena a ese período de euforia como no lo ha sido a la crisis de 2008. El presente estudio tiene como principal objetivo conocer qué están haciendo, y cómo, los arquitectos de las primeras once promociones de la Escuela, tratando de dilucidar salidas profesionales, nuevas y tradicionales, y condiciones laborales de los egresados de la UA, buscando, si existe, un diferencial que pueda caracterizarlos respecto al resto. La investigación parte de una triple inquietud: la propia de los estudiantes de Proyecto Fin de Carrera ante la incertidumbre que la crisis plantea; la curiosidad por entender y explicar cómo se está transformando, ante ella, la profesión; y la responsabilidad institucional para que los planes de estudios sean capaces de atender las demandas de los nuevos perfiles. Para ello, se ha efectuado una encuesta on-line a un porcentaje representativo del colectivo (135 sobre 497 personas); se han procesado estadísticamente sus resultados; se han plasmado, en crudo, en las correspondientes tablas y figuras; y se han discutido, concluyendo que existe al menos una actividad, el diseño, que caracteriza a los arquitectos de la UA en su quehacer profesional; que su satisfacción es más que suficiente y que el reconocimiento público de su trabajo alcanza a más de la mitad de los encuestados.
Los Ángeles: Hardware and Software. Una lectura contemporánea de las cuatro ecologías de Reyner Banham
Authors: Olivares López Andrea
Published: July 2018

Durante buena parte del siglo XX, Los Ángeles fue para muchos el prototipo de ciudad del futuro, de un futuro inmediato: un gigantesco sistema de infraestructuras territoriales; una ciudad pensada por y para el transporte, construida desde la escala del automóvil. Pero también una superciudad forjada por las fantasías de generaciones de inmigrantes que llegaban a California con la promesa de una vida mejor, una ilusión que alentaban sus dos principales industrias: la de la especulación inmobiliaria y la de los sueños de Hollywood. Su imaginario se nutre de todas las visiones que ella misma proyecta, miradas que se debaten entre la seducción utópica del paraíso y el horror distópico y a las que han contribuido escritores, cineastas, críticos y tantos y tantos personajes mediáticos. Probablemente, una de las visiones más seductoras sea la de Reyner Banham quien, en su afán por intentar explicarla como ciudad, terminó contribuyendo decisivamente al mito de Los Ángeles. Ante la dificultad material de visitar físicamente la ciudad, la posibilidad de descubrir Los Ángeles mediante un viaje imaginario guiado por Banham es el punto de partida de este TFG. El trabajo que se explica a continuación consiste, pues, en una  aproximación a Los Ángeles desde la distancia, tomando la figura de Reyner Banham y, por supuesto, su libro Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies, como guías para este viaje imaginario. En definitiva, no se trataría tanto de un trabajo de crítica de su teoría urbana sino, más bien, de una personal exploración de la complejidad de esta metrópolis mediante el análisis de un fragmento de la misma. Concretamente, de Wilshire Boulevard, una de las calles más representativas de la ciudad y que este trabajo recorre a través de su historia, la visión que el cine nos ofrece del célebre bulevar y, por supuesto, de la propia imaginación de esta autora.
La desvisión del otro en la construcción de la utopía posturbana. Cuerpos sensibles/sensitive bodies ii.
Authors: Ruiz Sánchez Javier , Martínez Sánchez María José
Published: July 2018

La arquitectura moderna se configura como una utopía no sólo posible sino, en la práctica, efectiva. La utopía posturbana se ha materializado a lo largo del siglo XX a través de un complejo entramado de operaciones tanto de orientación conductista como de simplificación sistémica. Todas estas operaciones actúan de manera específica sobre los cuerpos, cuerpos en movimiento, cuerpos que interaccionan, cuerpos que observan y son observados, en una seminal operación cibernética de construcción del sistema urbano. La utopía urbana reciente se sustenta, no obstante, en una progresiva desvisión del otro, sustituyendo los ideales de transparencia de la arquitectura moderna original por una práctica opacidad comunicativa. Desarrollamos la idea del cuerpo sensible/sensitive body como método de investigación, conocimiento/reconocimiento y representación de hechos y procesos urbanos, incluso ocultos o velados. Nuestra hipótesis es que a través de cuerpos entrenados en la representación de emociones, experiencias llevadas a cabo en artes performativas, performance o teatro callejero (street performances) es posible acceder a la información velada o desvista o simplemente explicitar el sistema de relaciones sociales que tiene lugar en el espacio público.
Edificio España. Ciudad de Vacaciones
Authors: González Garrán Aurora Andrea
Published: July 2018

El área levantinista parece ser capaz de materializar las mitologías, los sueños y delirios de los que modifican las relaciones entre las personas y de las personas con la arquitectura, los usos del espacio urbano convencionales [...] El levantinismo es optimista, salvaje, desprejuiciado. El levantinismo produce innovación.
«Rationale Trennung» or «Marriage d’Amour»? History and Philosophy of Educational Research
Authors: Priem Karin , Fendler Lynn
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on disciplinary interrelationships between philosophy and history within the framework of educational sciences. It deals with the epistemological, material, political, and categorical conditions of permeability, some of which initiate a separation of historical science from philosophy, whereas others allow, on the one hand, for history to profit from philosophy and, on the other, for philosophy to profit from history. The article illustrates how both history and philosophy benefit through reciprocal openness within education as an academic field. Permeability between history and philosophy in educational research may draw attention to lacunae on both sides and challenge methodological stereotypes and seemingly unavoidable dispositions of reasoning, the recognition of which may contribute to an enrichment of educational research.