bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of echinoderm assemblages from Bathonian ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn (Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland)
Authors: Boczarowski Andrzej
Published: February 2013

Boczarowski A. 2012. Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of echinoderm assemblages from Bathonian ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn (Krakow-Silesia Homocline, Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica, 62(3), 351-366. Warszawa.

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the variability of echinoderm assemblages from Bathonian ore-bearing clays from Gnaszyn. Remains of Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea have been studied from 38 rock samples. The most common echinoderms represented are the crinoids Balanocrinusberchteni and Chariocrinus andreae and a few species of the holothurian genera Priscopedatus, Calclamna, Staurocaudina, Eocaudina, Achistrum, Theelia and Hemisphaeranthos. The echinoderms from Gnaszyn show various life strategies: benthic or epibenthic forms, sessile sestonophages (Crinoidea), motile macrophages (Asteroidea) and detritivores (Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea), infaunal and epifaunal detritus feeders, sediment feeders or rake-feeders (Holothuroidea). Their presence suggests well oxygenated and presumably relatively cold bottom marine waters. The parts of the Gnaszyn section around concretion horizons and characterized by the ubiquitous occurrence of the holothurian Theelia and echinoids were deposited during phases of optimal living conditions with sufficient influx of plant detritus and good oxygenation of the sea bottom. These parts commonly host echinoderm associations dominated by crinoid remains, which occasionally are still articulated (or disarticulated but remaining intact) - this points to a quiet environment with normal oxygenation of the bottom waters but anaerobic/dysaerobic conditions in the sediment.
Impact of Surface and Volume Modification of Nickel Superalloys IN-713C and MAR-247 on High Temperature Creep Resistance
Authors: Cieśla M. , Binczyk F. , Mańka M.
Published: February 2013

Impact of surface and volume modification and double filtration during pouring the moulds on basic mechanical properties and creep resistance of nickel superalloys IN-713C and MAR-247 in conditions of accelerated creep of castings made of post-production scrap of these alloys is evaluated in this paper. The conditions of initiation and propagation of cracks in the specimens were analysed with consideration of stereological properties of material macro- and microstructure. It has been proven that in the conditions of hightemperature creep at 980°C and at stress σ = 150 MPa, creep resistance of superalloy MAR-247 is more than 10 times higher than the creep resistance of IN-713C alloy. In case of IN-713C alloy, the creep resistance negligibly depends on macrograin sizes. But, the macrograin size considerably affects the time to failure of specimens made of alloy MAR-247. Creep resistance of specimens made of coarse grain material was 20% higher than the resistance of fine grain materials.
Wide – Ranging Influence of Mischmetal on Properties of GP240GH Cast Steel
Authors: Kasińska J. , Gajewski M.
Published: February 2013

This paper presents influence of rare earth metals (REM) on the properties of GP240GH cast carbon steel. The research has been performed on successive industrial melts. Each time ca 2000 kg of liquid metal was modified. The rare earth metals were put into the ladle during tapping of heat melt from the furnace. Because of this the amount of sulphur in the cast steel was decreased and the non-metallic inclusion morphology was significantly changed. It was found that non metallic inclusions the cracking mechanism of Charpy specimens and the impact strength were all changed. The following properties were tested: mechanical properties (σy, σUTS), plastic properties (necking, elongation) and impact strength (SCI). In the three-point bend test the KJC stress intensity factor was evaluated.
The Influence of the Basic Styrofoam Patterns Final Shaping Parameters on the Resistance Properties
Authors: Pacyniak T. , Buczkowska K.
Published: February 2013

This work presents the analysis of the final shaping process of the patterns aimed at determining the influence of the pressure and the time of sintering on the resistance to bending. The analysis of the research results proved that when the pressure of the sintering rises and reaches Ps=2.1 bar the resistance to bending increases, above this level of the pressure the resistance value starts decreasing. The time of styrofoam sintering at which the highest bending resistance values were obtained is ts=90s. When the sintering pressure is less than 2 bar prolongation of the time of sintering over 90 s causes a slight increase in the resistance, however, at higher pressures prolongation of the time of sintering causes submelting of the styrofoam pattern.
Studies of Gas Atmosphere Near the Metalmould Interface During Casting and Solidification of Ductile Iron
Authors: Mocek J. , Chojecki A.
Published: February 2013

In sand moulds, at a distance of 3 mm from the metal- mould interface, the sensors of temperature, and of oxygen and hydrogen content were installed. Temperature and the evolution of partial gas pressure have been analysed in moulds bonded with bentonite with or without the addition of seacoal, water glass or furan resin. Moulds were poured with ductile iron. For comparison, also tests with the grey iron have been executed. It was found that the gas atmosphere near the interface depends mainly on the content of a carbonaceous substance in the mould. In the green sand moulds with 5% of seacoal or bonded with furan resin, after the mould filling, a sudden increase in the hydrogen content and the drop of oxygen is observed. This gas evolution results from the oxidation of carbon and reduction of water vapour in the mould material, and also from the reduction of water vapour and alloy reoxidation. In carbon-free sand, the evolution in the gas composition is slower because water vapour is reduced only at the interface. Changes of oxygen and hydrogen content in the controlled zone are determined by the transport phenomena.
New possibility of objective evaluation of yarn appearance
Authors: Mouèková Eva , Jirásková Petra
Published: February 2013

The possibility of new and objective evaluation of yarn appearance wound on the board is described. A statistical method which has previously been used for the evaluation of surface unevenness of flat textile - semivariograms is used. The yarn board appearance is converted into a grey-scale image and the fluctuation in degrees of greyness between square fields in the image is evaluated by semivariogram. This method was applied on standard yarn boards from the standard CSN 80 0704 in addition to real yarn boards. The results of semivariograms constructed from a simulated ideal appearance of yarn on the board are discussed with the aim of introducing an ideal case behaviour of semivariograms. The possibility of using this function for the objective evaluation of yarn board appearance is also discussed.
New DC/DC Converter for Electrolyser Interfacing with Stand-Alone Renewable Energy System
Authors: Blinov Andrei , Andrijanovits Anna
Published: February 2013

This paper presents findings of a R&D project targeted to the development of a galvanically isolated step-down DC/DC converter for electrolyzer integration with renewable energy systems. The presented converter with an improved control algorithm for the full-bridge active rectifier features reduced energy circulation and switching losses. The performance can be improved under wide input voltage and load variations. The advantages of the converter were verified with a 1 kW converter prototype and the test results were in full agreement with the expected waveforms. The presented steadystate operation principle and mathematical analysis of the converter based on the simulation and experimental results can be used as design guidelines for component and parameter estimation in practical applications.
Upping the Ante of Text Complexity in the Common Core State Standards
Authors: Hiebert Elfrieda H. , Mesmer Heidi Anne E.
Published: February 2013

The Common Core Standards for the English Language Arts (CCSS) provide explicit guidelines matching grade-level bands (e.g., 2–3, 4–5) with targeted text complexity levels. The CCSS staircase accelerates text expectations for students across Grades 2–12 in order to close a gap in the complexity of texts typically used in high school and those of college and career. The first step of the band at second and third grades is examined because it marks the entry into the staircase and a critical developmental juncture. In this article, we examine the theoretical and empirical support for three assumptions that underlie the acceleration of text complexity in Grades 2–3. Then we identify patterns in American reading achievement and instruction to illustrate the potential and far-reaching consequences of an increase in the first step of the CCSS staircase.
Tafel Slopes and Corrosion Rates from Polarization Resistance Measurements
Authors: MANSFELD FLORIAN
Published: February 2013

A new analysis of polarization curves in the non-Tafel region in the vicinity of the corrosion potential is described which allows calculation of the polarization resistance (Rp) and the Tafel slopes (ba and bc). From these data instantaneous corrosion rates are calculated. Experimental data for the system Fe/1N H2SO4 are analyzed by the proposed method and by computer least square analysis. The good agreement observed suggests that all important corrosion parameters (corrosion potential, corrosion current, Tafel slopes) can be obtained by the proposed analysis. These parameters are used for mechanistic considerations which explain the observation time dependence of corrosion potential and corrosion current.
Earthquake dynamic response of large flexible multibody systems
Authors: Zahariev E. V.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. In the paper dynamics of large flexible structures imposed on earthquakes and high amplitude vibrations is regarded. Precise dynamic equations of flexible systems are the basis for reliable motion simulation and analysis of loading of the design scheme elements. Generalized Newton–Euler dynamic equations for rigid and flexible bodies are applied. The basement compulsory motion realized because of earthquake or wave propagation is presented in the dynamic equations as reonomic constraints. The dynamic equations, algebraic equations and reonomic constraints compile a system of differential algebraic equations which are transformed to a system of ordinary differential equations with respect to the generalized coordinates and the reactions due to the reonomic constraints. Examples of large flexible structures and wind power generator dynamic analysis are presented.
Effects of Surface Tension and General Rotation on the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability of Three-Layer Flow
Authors: Hoshoudy G. A.
Published: February 2013

The stability of two interfaces separating three fluids, where the fluids are assumed to be incompressible, inviscid, and of constant density, has been investigated for a system that is acted upon by a general rotation. The effect of surface tension at the two interfaces is taken into account. A general dispersion relation for the system is obtained analytically by formulating the problem in terms of complex variables. Numerical calculations were performed for a hexane-NaCl-CCl4 system to investigate stable case, and special cases that isolate the effect of various parameters on the growth rate of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability are discussed. It is found that the two cutoff wave numbers for the system with surface tension are unchanged by the addition of a general rotation, and that for the system considered, all growth rates are reduced in the presence of a general rotation.
Key Obama officials leave administration
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: February 2013

Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar is one of the latest members of the Obama administration to announce that he is leaving his position near the start of President Obama's second term in office. Salazar, who has served as interior secretary since January 2009, intends to leave the department by the end of March, the department noted on 16 January. Salazar joins a number of other key officials who are planning to leave the administration. They include Environmental Protection Agency administrator Lisa Jackson, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration administrator Jane Lubchenco, and U.S. Geological Survey director Marcia McNutt.
Focusing on the human factor in environmental disasters
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: February 2013

“When I wake up in the morning, I'm wondering, Is this going to be the day for the ‘aha,’ when leaders around the country will come to grips with the problems that are there in front of them and be responsive to the information they already have?” Gerald Galloway, an expert in water resource policy and civil engineering, said during a 16 January discussion about human factors in disasters. The discussion was part of the 13th National Conference on Science, Policy and the Environment, held in Washington, D. C.
John Beavan (1950–2012)
Authors: Wallace Laura , Bilham Roger , Darby Desmond
Published: February 2013

John Beavan passed away peacefully in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, on 19 November 2012 after having been diagnosed with cancer one year earlier. John's contributions to crustal deformation science, geodesy, and New Zealand's active tectonics were immense and form a legacy that will last many years. He is survived by his wife, Catherine (Cashy); his daughter Rhiannon; two step‐daughters, Elli and Rosa; and his sister Sue. John also leaves a huge network of friends and colleagues around the world, all of whom will miss him greatly.
Applying Information Theory in the Geosciences to Quantify Process Uncertainty, Feedback, Scale
Authors: Ruddell Benjamin L. , Brunsell Nathaniel A. , Stoy Paul
Published: February 2013

The geosciences are increasingly utilizing a systems approach to quantify spatial and temporal dynamics among multiple subsystems, their couplings, and their feedbacks. This systems approach demands novel strategies for experimentation and observation in the “natural laboratory” rather than in simple controlled experiments and thus relies heavily on Earth system observations and observation networks. Current and forthcoming examples of Earth system observatories include the Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs), the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), EarthScope, FLUXNET, National Water Information System/National Water‐Quality Assessment (NWIS/NAWQA), and others. These networks are designed to observe complex processes across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales to synthesize scientific understanding of the fundamental interactions across the interfaces of society, hydrology, ecology, atmospheric sciences, and geosciences.
Drilling reaches Antarctic subglacial Lake Whillans
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: February 2013

A decade‐long planning effort to drill through 800 meters of ice to directly and cleanly sample the waters and sediments of subglacial Lake Whillans in West Antarctica succeeded at 5:00 A.M. local time on 28 January. The effort “marks the first successful retrieval of clean whole samples from an Antarctic subglacial lake,” according to a 28 January statement from the Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) project team.
Low‐frequency radio emissions from high‐altitude sprite discharge
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: February 2013

When lightning strikes from a towering cumulonimbus cloud down to the ground, the electrical discharge can perturb the atmosphere's electric field, potentially triggering a second event—sprite discharge. This more elusive type of electrical discharge, which produces lightning that is red in color, initiates from high altitudes, with streamers propagating down toward the top of the cumulonimbus cloud. Coincident with the dramatic displays, researchers have previously identified low‐frequency radio emissions, which they suggest may be produced in association with the sprite discharge. Investigating this hypothesis, Qin et al. used a two‐dimensional plasma model to calculate the radio emissions that should be produced by a single sprite streamer.
Obama Calls for More Action on Climate Change During State of the Union Address
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: February 2013

President Barack Obama called for “meaningful progress” on climate change during his State of the Union address on 12 February, saying that “for the sake of our children and our future, we must do more to combat climate change.” Noting that “the 12 hottest years on record have all come in the last 15,” he said that there could be meaningful progress on the issue while also driving economic growth.
New satellite record of sea surface temperature
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: February 2013

Sea surface temperature is one of the key variables scientists track in studying climate changes; it is also important to meteorology and oceanography. Merchant et al. describe a new 20‐year record of sea surface temperature. The record was created using infrared imagery from the Along‐Track Scanning Radiometers (ATSR) as part of the ATSR Reprocessing for Climate (ARC) project.
Do humans have conceptual models about geographic objects? A user study
Authors: Aker Ahmet , Plaza Laura , Lloret Elena , Gaizauskas Robert
Published: February 2013

In this article, we investigate what sorts of information humans request about geographical objects of the same type. For example, Edinburgh Castle and Bodiam Castle are two objects of the same type: “castle.” The question is whether specific information is requested for the object type “castle” and how this information differs for objects of other types (e.g., church, museum, or lake). We aim to answer this question using an online survey. In the survey, we showed 184 participants 200 images pertaining to urban and rural objects and asked them to write questions for which they would like to know the answers when seeing those objects. Our analysis of the 6,169 questions collected in the survey shows that humans have shared ideas of what to ask about geographical objects. When the object types resemble each other (e.g., church and temple), the requested information is similar for the objects of these types. Otherwise, the information is specific to an object type. Our results may be very useful in guiding Natural Language Processing tasks involving automatic generation of templates for image descriptions and their assessment, as well as image indexing and organization.
Chromatography process development in the quality by design paradigm I: Establishing a high‐throughput process development platform as a tool for estimating “characterization space” for an ion exchange chromatography step
Authors: Bhambure R. , Rathore A. S.
Published: February 2013

This article describes the development of a high‐throughput process development (HTPD) platform for developing chromatography steps. An assessment of the platform as a tool for establishing the “characterization space” for an ion exchange chromatography step has been performed by using design of experiments. Case studies involving use of a biotech therapeutic, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor have been used to demonstrate the performance of the platform. We discuss the various challenges that arise when working at such small volumes along with the solutions that we propose to alleviate these challenges to make the HTPD data suitable for empirical modeling. Further, we have also validated the scalability of this platform by comparing the results from the HTPD platform (2 and 6 μL resin volumes) against those obtained at the traditional laboratory scale (resin volume, 0.5 mL). We find that after integration of the proposed correction factors, the HTPD platform is capable of performing the process optimization studies at 170‐fold higher productivity. The platform is capable of providing semi‐quantitative assessment of the effects of the various input parameters under consideration. We think that platform such as the one presented is an excellent tool for examining the “characterization space” and reducing the extensive experimentation at the traditional lab scale that is otherwise required for establishing the “design space.” Thus, this platform will specifically aid in successful implementation of quality by design in biotech process development. This is especially significant in view of the constraints with respect to time and resources that the biopharma industry faces today. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29: 403–414, 2013
Cell‐free protein synthesis and purification of human dopamine D2 receptor long isoform
Authors: Basu Dipannita , Castellano Jessica M. , Thomas Nancy , Mishra Ram K.
Published: February 2013

The human dopamine D2 receptor long isoform (D2L) has significant implications in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Detailed structural knowledge of this receptor is limited owing to its highly hydrophobic nature, which leads to protein aggregation and host toxicity when expressed in cellular systems. The newly emerging field of cell‐free protein expression presents numerous advantages to overcome these challenges. This system utilizes protein synthesis machinery and exogenous DNA to synthesize functional proteins outside of intact cells. This study utilizes two different cell‐free systems for the synthesis of human dopamine D2L receptor. These include the Escherichia coli lysate‐based system and the wheat‐germ lysate‐based system. The bacterial cell‐free method used pET 100/D‐TOPO vector to synthesize hexa‐histidine‐tagged D2L receptor using a dialysis bag system; the resulting protein was purified using nickel‐nitrilotriacetic acid affinity resin. The wheat germ system used pEU–glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) vector to synthesize GST‐tagged D2L receptor using a bilayer translation method; the resulting protein was purified using a GST affinity resin. The presence and binding capacity of the synthesized D2L receptor was confirmed by immunoblotting and radioligand competition assays, respectively. Additionally, in‐gel protein sequencing via Nano LC‐MS/MS was used to confirm protein synthesis via the wheat germ system. The results showed both systems to synthesize microgram quantities of the receptor. Improved expression of this highly challenging protein can improve research and understanding of the human dopamine D2L receptor. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:601–608, 2013
ChemInform Abstract: Mo‐Substituted Lanthanum Tungstate La28‐yW4+yO54+δ: A Competitive Mixed Electron—Proton Conductor for Gas Separation Membrane Applications.
Authors: Amsif M. , Magraso A. , Marrero‐Lopez D. , Ruiz‐Morales J. C. , Canales‐Vazquez J. , Nunez P.
Published: February 2013

Molybdenum substituted lanthanum tungstate samples, La28‐y (W1‐xMox)4+yO54+δ (x = 0—1; y = 0.923) synthesized by the freeze‐drying precursor method show cubic structure for x ≤ 0.4 and a rhombohedral superstructure for x ≥ 0.6.
ChemInform Abstract: Energetics of Dysprosia‐Stabilized Bismuth Oxide Electrolytes.
Authors: Tran Tien B. , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: February 2013

Dysprosia‐stabilized bismuth oxides DyxBi1‐xO1.5 (x = 0.11—0.45) are prepared by solid state reaction of appropriate amounts of BiO1.5 and DyO1.5 (alumina crucible, 850—950 °C, 12 h) and their energetics are characterized by drop solution calorimetry in molten 3Na2O·4MoO3 at 702 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Spin Glass Behavior in Ln2Fe4Sb5 (Ln: La—Nd and Sm).
Authors: Phelan W. Adam , Nguyen Giang V. , Wang Jiakui K. , McCandless Gregory T. , Morosan Emilia , DiTusa John F. , Chan Julia Y.
Published: February 2013

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared from the elements using an inert Bi flux.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlling the Assembly of Chalcogenide Anions in Ionic Liquids: From Binary Ge/Se Through Ternary Ge/Sn/Se to Binary Sn/Se Frameworks.
Authors: Lin Yumei , Massa Werner , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: February 2013

Compounds (III), (V), and (VI)—(VIII) are obtained by subtly varying the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Synthesis of a Chiral Salen Mn(III) Complex Immobilized onto Zirconium Aminophosphonates and Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of α‐Methylstyrene.
Authors: Zhou Liang
Published: February 2013

Chiral salen Mn(III) complexes anchored in the mesopores of zirconium aminophosphonates exhibit high catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric epoxidation of α‐methylstyrene.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Esterifications of Primary Alcohols in a Water‐Containing Solvent.
Authors: Wang Yong , Aleiwi Bilal A. , Wang Qinghui , Kurosu Michio
Published: February 2013

The reaction proceeds exclusively with primary alcohols and phenols in the presence of Oxyma and its derivative GAOX.
ChemInform Abstract: C—O Cross‐Coupling of Activated Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides with Aliphatic Alcohols.
Authors: Maligres Peter E. , Li Jing , Krska Shane W. , Schreier John D. , Raheem Izzat T.
Published: February 2013

The title reaction is performed with palladium/Josiphos‐type ligand catalyst systems and primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols without the need for an excess of either coupling partner and preformation of the catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: B‐(3,3‐Difluoroallyl)diisopinocampheylborane for the Enantioselective Fluoroallylboration of Aldehydes.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Tafelska‐Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Chatterjee Anamitra
Published: February 2013

Treatment of difluoroallene (I) with HB(Ipc)2 provides the allylborane (II) whose reaction with various aldehydes allows highly enantioselective access to 2,2‐difluorinated homoallylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloisomerization of Dienes and Enynes Catalyzed by a Modified Ruthenium Carbene Species.
Authors: Mallagaray Alvaro , Mohammadiannejad‐Abbasabadi Kazem , Medina Sandra , Dominguez Gema , Perez‐Castells Javier
Published: February 2013

Studies suggest that the active catalytic species is a non‐carbenic ruthenium complex that has lost the phosphine.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Regioselectivity of Diarylalkynes in Cobalt‐Mediated Pauson—Khand Reaction: An Experimental and Computational Study with Para‐ and Meta‐Substituted Diarylalkynes and Norbornene.
Authors: Fager‐Jokela Erika , Muuronen Mikko , Patzschke Michael , Helaja Juho
Published: February 2013

Polarization of the alkyne bond dictates the regioselectivity of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Axially Chiral Dicarboxylic Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Semipinacol Rearrangement of Cyclic β‐Hydroxy‐α‐diazo Esters.
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Isobe Shingo , Callens Cedric K. A. , Maruoka Keiji
Published: February 2013

Treatment of the intermediate β‐keto esters according to B) causes decarboxylation to produce cycloheptanone systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—H Arylation of Arenes Using Tosylates and Mesylates as Electrophiles.
Authors: Nervig Christine S. , Waller Peter J. , Kalyani Dipannita
Published: February 2013

Most products are readily available from the tosylate substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Intermolecular Ene Reactions: Synthesis of 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles.
Authors: Watson Lynsey J. , Harrington Ross W. , Clegg William , Hall Michael J.
Published: February 2013

Starting materials (I) and (X) are prepared by Diels—Alder reaction of the corresponding vinyl‐imidazole precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of 2′‐Arenesulfonyloxy‐5‐benzylidene‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Chen Emily M. , Lu Pei‐Jung , Shaw Arthur Y.
Published: February 2013

Two synthetic pathways for the synthesis of the title compounds (V), (VIII) are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Michael Additions of Azaarylacetates and Acetamides to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Fallan Charlene , Lam Hon Wai
Published: February 2013

Azaarylacetamides are reacting with the aromatic nitroalkenes with mostly high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 3,6‐Disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazolo‐[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles via Oxidative Cyclization of n‐Heteroaryl‐Substituted Hydrazones and Their Biological Activity.
Authors: Himaja M. , Prathap K. Jagadeesh , Mali Sunil V.
Published: February 2013

All the title triazolothiadiazoles (IV) (9 examples) and their hydrazone precursors (III) show good antitubercular activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Methyl 1‐Bromocyclopentanecarboxylate with Zinc and 1‐Aryl‐5‐phenylpenta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐ones.
Authors: Kirillov N. F. , Slepukhin P. A. , Gorbunov A. A. , Gavrilov A. G. , Vakhrin M. I.
Published: February 2013

The reaction of dienones (I) with cyclopentane derivative (II) gives rise to the formation of a mixture of regioisomeric spiro compounds (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxoheterocycles. Part 87. [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Alkyl Vinyl Ethers and 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyran to 4,5‐Diaroyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,3‐diones.
Authors: Silaichev P. S. , Kudrevatykh N. V. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: February 2013

The reactions of pyrrolediones (I) and (IV) with alkyl vinyl ethers (II) and dihydropyran (V) are studied, aiming at the investigation of the effect of the aroyl fragment in 1H‐pyrrole‐2,3‐diones.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives by PYBOX‐DIPH‐Zn(II) Complex Catalyzed Michael Reaction.
Authors: Ray Sumit K. , Singh Pradeep K. , Molleti Nagaraju , Singh Vinod K.
Published: February 2013

In the presence of the title complex, 4‐hydroxycoumarins smoothly react with the pyridine oxide (II) to afford 3‐substituted derivatives like (III) and (IX) with good to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis and Photoinduced DNA Cleavage Studies of 2‐Chloro‐3‐(5‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazol‐3‐yl)quinolines.
Authors: Bindu P. J. , Mahadevan K. M. , Naik T. R. Ravikumar
Published: February 2013

Quinolinyl chalcones (I), obtained by Claisen—Schmidt condensation, undergo cyclization upon treatment with hydroxylamine in the presence of a base to afford the title quinolines (II) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Domino Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triaroylindolizines from Methyl Ketones and Pyridines via Self‐Division of Labor Strategy.
Authors: Yang Yan , Gao Meng , Zhang Dong‐Xue , Wu Liu‐Ming , Shu Wen‐Ming , Wu An‐Xin
Published: February 2013

The reaction tolerates a wide range of aromatic and heteroaromatic substituents in methyl ketones, but no product is observed when and α,β‐unsaturated analogue is applied [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic N‐Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 71. Synthesis and Bronchodilator Evaluation of 5‐Substituted 1,2‐Dihydrofuro[3,2‐f][1,7]naphthyridines and Related Compounds.
Authors: Okuda Kensuke , Matsushita Tetsuo , Hirota Takashi , Sasaki Kenji
Published: February 2013

A variety of 5‐substituted dihydrofuronaphthyridines as well as related tetracyclic compounds (IV), (VII) is synthesized and evaluated for their bronchodilatory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Utility of Enaminonitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of Some New Pyrazole, Pyridine, and Pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Fadda Ahmed A. , Etman Hassan A. , El‐Seidy Mohamed Y. , Elattar Khaled M.
Published: February 2013

The scope and applicability of dicyanide (I) as a unique precursor for the synthesis of some enaminonitriles and their behavior toward various reagents in which an antipyrine ring is incorporated is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Heterocyclic System, Pyrido[3,2‐e][1,3]thiazine by Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Dyachenko V. D. , Nikishin A. A. , Dyachenko A. D.
Published: February 2013

Aminomethylation of tetrahydropyridine thiolate (I) with primary amines (II) and formaldehyde (III) under Mannich reaction conditions leads to formation of the new heterocyclic system (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Heterocyclic Systems with s‐Triazine Ring. Part 18. Synthesis and Structure of 3,4‐Dihydropyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazin‐2‐amines.
Authors: Dolzhenko Anton V. , Bai Shiqi , Dolzhenko Anna V. , Chui Wai Keung
Published: February 2013

1H‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐ylguanidine (IV) is synthesized as a new convenient synthon for heterocyclic chemistry by selective guanylation of amine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Heterocyclic Derivatives of 2‐Quinolinone Associated with Antibacterial and Antitumor Potencies.
Authors: Hassanin Hany M. , El‐edfawy Somaya M.
Published: February 2013

Quinolinone derivative (II) is subjected to reactions with 1,3‐binucleophiles, 1,4‐binucleophiles, and 1,4‐N,N‐binucleophiles to obtain new quinolinones bearing imidazole, c.f.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Heterocyclic Systems with s‐Triazine Ring. Part 21. Synthesis of Novel Trichloromethyl Substituted Azolo[1,3,5]triazines.
Authors: Kalinin Dmitrii V. , Kalinina Svetlana A. , Dolzhenko Anton V.
Published: February 2013

The reaction of azoles (I) with trichloroacetonitrile (II) proceeds smoothly and regioselectively at the primary amino group of (I) to yield the trichloroacetamidines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazepine and 1,2,5‐Triazocine Derivatives from the Reaction of 2‐Aminobenzohydrazide with π‐Acceptors.
Authors: El‐Shaieb Kamal M. , Ameen Mohamed A. , Abdel‐Latif Fathy F. , Mohamed Asmaa H.
Published: February 2013

A convenient, one‐pot method for the preparation of 1,2,4‐triazepine and 1,2,5‐triazocine derivatives is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dihydrodibenzo[b,f]furo[2,3‐d]oxepins and Related Reactions.
Authors: Maemura Yasunobu , Tanoue Yuka , Nishino Hiroshi
Published: February 2013

The annulation of dibenzoxepins (I) is based on Mn(III)‐initiated oxidative radical cyclization yielding the lactone‐ and dihydrofuran‐fused dibenzoxepin derivatives (III),(V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides Utilizing Tetrakis(dimethylamino)diboron: One Step Greener.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Trice Sarah L. J. , Kennedy Steven M.
Published: February 2013

The novel borylating reagent, a synthetic precursor of bis(pinacolato)diboron and bis‐boronic acid (BBA), can be used for a broad spectrum of substrates where only iodides are less efficient.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Chromanone Derivatives from the Roots and Stems of Nicotiana tabacum and Their Cytotoxicity.
Authors: Mou Dingrong , Zhao Wei , Zhang Tao , Wan Lan , Yang Guangyu , Chen Yongkuan , Hu Qiufen , Miao Mingming
Published: February 2013

Tabchromones A(Ia) and B(Ib) are isolated from the title plant together with four known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Perovskite Based Anode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application: A Review
Authors: Rahman I. Z. , Raza M. A. , Rahman M. A.
Published: February 2013

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Biologically Important Flavones
Authors: Verma Alok K. , Pratap Ram
Published: February 2013

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Studies of Reactions of Carbon Dioxide Mediated and Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Fan Ting , Chen Xihan , Lin Zhenyang
Published: February 2013

Review: 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Insights into the Elementary Steps in Negishi Coupling Through Kinetic Investigations
Authors: Jin Liqun , Lei Aiwen
Published: February 2013

Review: 96 refs.
Preference for color‐enhanced images assessed by color deficiencies
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chun , Guan Yunge , Ishikawa Tomoharu , Eto Hiroaki , Nakatsue Takehiro , Chao Jinhui , Ayama Miyoshi
Published: February 2013

In this study, we propose color images with color enhancement for congenital red–green color deficiency on the basis of the model proposed by Mochizuki et al. [In Terrassa, Spain: Proceedings for CGIV, Springfield VA: IS&T 2008;208–213] with the aim of facilitating color customization in displays used by color‐deficient observers. Three types of color enhancements for deficiency were addressed in this study: colors were enhanced along the protan confusion line (i.e., P‐enhancement), deutan confusion line (i.e., D‐enhancement), and a line between the protan and deutan confusion lines (i.e., mix‐enhancement). We investigated the color‐enhanced image that is most preferred by each group of protan, deutan, and normal observers. Protan and deutan in this study indicate observers that are both dichromats and anomalous trichromats. Nine protan, nine deutan, and six normal observers participated in the experiment. The results showed that among the three types of color enhancements, the D‐enhancement provided the best performance for protan observers. For deutan observers, all three types provided effective enhancement, although the P‐ and mix‐enhancements were slightly better than the D‐enhancement. Our results indicated that color enhancement increases the preference evaluations of protan and deutan observers.  © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 234–251, 2014; Published Online 20 February 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/col.21795
Molecular Switching Behavior in Isosteric DNA Base Pairs
Authors: Jissy A. K. , Konar Sukanya , Datta Ayan
Published: February 2013

The structures and proton‐coupled behavior of adenine–thymine (A‐T) and a modified base pair containing a thymine isostere, adenine–difluorotoluene (A‐F), are studied in different solvents by dispersion‐corrected density functional theory. The stability of the canonical Watson–Crick base pair and the mismatched pair in various solvents with low and high dielectric constants is analyzed. It is demonstrated that A‐F base pairing is favored in solvents with low dielectric constant. The stabilization and conformational changes induced by protonation are also analyzed for the natural as well as the mismatched base pair. DNA sequences capable of changing their sequence conformation on protonation are used in the construction of pH‐based molecular switches. An acidic medium has a profound influence in stabilizing the isostere base pair. Such a large gain in stability on protonation leads to an interesting pH‐controlled molecular switch, which can be incorporated in a natural DNA tract.
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization‐based Recyclable Magnetic Acylation Reagents
Authors: Kainz Quirin M. , Linhardt Roland , Maity Pradip K. , Hanson Paul R. , Reiser Oliver
Published: February 2013

An operationally simple method for the acylation of amines utilizing carbon‐coated metal nanoparticles as recyclable supports is reported. Highly magnetic carbon‐coated cobalt (Co/C) and iron (Fe/C) nanobeads were functionalized with a norbornene tag (Nb‐tag) through a “click” reaction followed by surface activation employing Grubbs‐II catalyst and subsequent grafting of acylated N‐hydroxysuccinimide ROMPgels (ROMP=ring‐opening metathesis polymerization). The high loading (up to 2.6 mmol g−1) hybrid material was applied in the acylation of various primary and secondary amines. The products were isolated in high yields (86–99%) and excellent purities (all >95 % by NMR spectroscopy) after rapid magnetic decantation and simple evaporation of the solvents. The spent resins were successfully re‐acylated by acid chlorides, anhydrides, and carboxylic acids and reused for up to five consecutive cycles without considerable loss of activity.
Cellulose Conversion with Tungstated‐Alumina‐Based Catalysts: Influence of the Presence of Platinum and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Chambon Flora , Rataboul Franck , Pinel Catherine , Cabiac Amandine , Guillon Emmanuelle , Essayem Nadine
Published: February 2013

The performances of platinum supported on tungstated alumina (Pt/AlW) in the hydrothermal conversion of cellulose at 190 °C under H2 pressure were evaluated and compared to that of Pt‐free tungstated alumina (AlW). We show that the presence of Pt significantly increased the extent of conversion and led to a different product distribution with the formation of acetol and propylene glycol as the main products and a global yield of up to 40 %. Based on previous reports, we propose the formation of pyruvaldehyde on the Lewis acid sites of the tungstated alumina as a key intermediate. Pyruvaldehyde can then be transformed to acetol and propylene glycol or lactic acid depending on the presence or absence of supported Pt.
Mechanistic Studies on Water‐Exchange Reactions in [Zn(H2O)4L]2+·2H2O for L = sp2, sp3 Oxygen‐Donor Ligands: A DFT Approach
Authors: Alzoubi Basam M. , Walther Markus , Puchta Ralph , van Eldik Rudi
Published: February 2013

Water‐exchange reactions on the five‐coordinate complex [Zn(H2O)4(L)]2+·2H2O (L = water, methanol, ethanol, propan‐1‐ol, butan‐1‐ol, dimethyl ether, propan‐2‐ol, fluorophosgene, phosgene, formaldehyde, acetyl chloride, acetaldehyde, acetone and acetamide) were studied by quantum‐chemical calculations (B3LYP/6‐311+G**). The reactions follow an associative pathway that involves the formation of a six‐coordinate intermediate [Zn(H2O)5(L)]2+·H2O, followed by the dissociation of a water molecule to form the product [Zn(H2O)4(L)]2+·2H2O. The water‐exchange process involves isoenergetic cis‐ and trans‐oriented transition states to form the product state that is similar to the reactant state. Of the studied ligands L, acetamide, which has the highest basicity, exhibited the highest activation energy and energy gap between the reactant and intermediate states. Electronic and steric effects of the coordinated ligands influence the activation barrier and the efficiency of the water‐exchange process.
Oxidation of Carbene‐Derived Selenium Diiodide with Silver Tetrafluoroborate – Isolation of Iodonium Ion Complexes with Selones
Authors: Manjare Sudesh T. , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J.
Published: February 2013

The oxidation reactions of diiodoselones 10a and 10b with silver tetrafluoroborate afford linear complexes of iodonium ions with selones 13a and 13b. The decomposition of the tellurium tetraiodide adduct with benzimidazolin‐2‐selone (12) in chloroform also affords a similar iodonium ion complex 13c. Crystal structure analysis of 13a–13c shows interesting supramolecular formation by C–H···F, C–H···Br, C–H···I, Se···π, and I···π interactions.
Continuing Issues with Lead: Recent Advances in Detection
Authors: Deibler Kristine , Basu Partha
Published: February 2013

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Partha Basu at Duquesne University. The cover image shows the various sources of contamination of water by lead and the detection of Pb2+ by a fluorescent sensor called Leadglow.
A Concise and Divergent Approach to Hydroxylated Piperidine Alkaloids and Azasugar Lactams
Authors: Guo Lian‐Dong , Liang Pan , Zheng Jian‐Feng , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: February 2013

The vinylogous Mannich reaction (VMR) between 2‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy)furan (TBSOF) and (RS)‐t‐BS‐imine 12a and the application of the VMR adduct butenolide 13a as a versatile chiral building block for the synthesis of hydroxylated piperidine alkaloids and azasugars were investigated. Firstly, both the anti diastereoselectivity and the chemical yield of the asymmetric VMR between TBSOF and (RS)‐t‐BS‐imine 12a were improved by the use of Sm(OTf)3/H2O (1.5 equiv.) as the promoter. Similar diastereoselectivities were also obtained with Yb(OTf)3/H2O, Cu(OTf)2/H2O, Zn(OTf)2/H2O, or the Brønsted acids TfOH or MsOH as the promotors. Secondly, an efficient four‐step procedure for the elaboration of butenolide 13a into piperidine alkaloid (–)‐deoxoprosophylline (2) was established. Thirdly, by taking advantage of the olefin functionality in the butenolide 13a, polyhydroxylated δ‐lactams 23 and 21, which are ready precursors of azasugars L‐deoxyallonojirimycin (ent‐7) and L‐3‐epi‐fagomine (ent‐6), were obtained in two and three steps, respectively, via dihydroxylated lactone 17. The easily available synthetic intermediate 17 can also serve as a key intermediate for the synthesis of the glycosyl nucleoside amino acid cores of polyoxins and nikkomycins.
Interactive effects of contaminants and climate-related stressors: High temperature increases sensitivity to cadmium
Authors: Kimberly David A. , Salice Christopher J.
Published: February 2013

An emerging issue in environmental toxicology is in understanding how climate change will alter responses of organisms to chemical contaminants. The objective of the present study was to characterize the interactive effects of cadmium and elevated temperature on life-stage-specific responses in the freshwater snail Physa pomilia. We exposed developing eggs, juveniles, and adults to Cd (5 µg/L, 15 µg/L, and 25 µg/L for eggs, and 250 µg/L for juveniles and adults) and 2 temperatures of 25 °C (control) and 35 °C (upper range of tolerance). In the absence of Cd, time to hatch was shorter at 35 °C compared with 25 °C, demonstrating a stimulatory effect of the higher temperature. However, when egg masses were reared at 35 °C and exposed to Cd, hatching success was significantly lower, and time-to-hatching was significantly longer. The effects of the higher temperature and Cd on newly hatched neonate survival were additive, except at the highest Cd concentration, at which effects of the 2 stressors were greater than additive. Overall, within the combined stressor treatments, adult snails generally survived significantly longer than did juvenile snails, and both were more tolerant than developing snails. Many climate projection models predict future increases in global temperatures. The present study shows that combined stressors may produce greater-than-additive effects, challenging predictive power. More studies are needed to better characterize the interactive effects of chemical contaminants and stressors related to climate change. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1337–1343. © 2013 SETAC
Composition of plume‐influenced mid‐ocean ridge lavas and glasses from the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, East Pacific Rise, Galápagos Spreading Center, and Gulf of Aden
Authors: Kelley Katherine A. , Kingsley Richard , Schilling Jean‐Guy
Published: February 2013

The global mid‐ocean ridge system is peppered with localities where mantle plumes impinge on oceanic spreading centers. Here, we present new, high resolution and high precision data for 40 trace elements in 573 samples of variably plume‐influenced mid‐ocean ridge basalts from the Mid‐Atlantic ridge, the Easter Microplate and Salas y Gomez seamounts, the Galápagos spreading center, and the Gulf of Aden, in addition to previously unpublished major element and isotopic data for these regions. Included in the data set are the unconventional trace elements Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, W, and Tl, which are not commonly reported by most geochemical studies. We show variations in the ratios Mo/Ce, Cd/Dy, Sn/Sm, Sb/Ce, W/U, and Rb/Tl, which are expected not to fractionate significantly during melting or crystallization, as a function of proximity to plume‐related features on these ridges. The Cd/Dy and Sn/Sm ratios show little variation with plume proximity, although higher Cd/Dy may signal increases in the role of garnet in the mantle source beneath some plumes. Globally, the Rb/Tl ratio closely approximates the La/SmNratio, and thus provides a sensitive tracer of enriched mantle domains. The W/U ratio is not elevated at plume centers, but we find significant enrichments in W/U, and to a lesser extent the Mo/Ce and Sb/Ce ratios, at mid‐ocean ridges proximal to plumes. Such enrichments may provide evidence of far‐field entrainment of lower mantle material that has interacted with the core by deeply‐rooted, upwelling mantle plumes.