bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Maternal Education Decrease Female Genital Cutting?
Authors: De Cao Elisabetta , La Mattina Giulia
Published: May 2019

Female genital cutting (FGC) affects more than 200 million women globally. Education is often depicted as an effective instrument for abandoning the practice, but causal evidence is scant. This paper considers the introduction of the Universal Primary Education program as a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of maternal education on the probability that their daughters are cut. Using the 1999 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, we find no significant impact of the reform on the probability that their daughters undergo circumcision, which can be explained by a no significant effect of the reform on maternal support for FGC.
The genus Campylobacter: detection and isolation methods, species identification & typing techniques
Authors: NATSOS G. , MOUTTOTOU N. K. , AHMAD S. , KAMRAN Z. , IOANNIDIS A. , KOUTOULIS K. C.
Published: May 2019

Campylobacter is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide; while, poultry has been identified as a significant cause of campylobacter infection in humans. The C. jejuni has been found to be the predominant species isolated from poultry samples and, yet, responsible for the majority of human campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter spp. are small, oxidase positive, microaerophilic, curved gram-negative rods exhibiting corkscrew motility and colonize the intestinal tract of most mammalian and avian species. From its very first description in late 19th century by Theodor Escherich until nowadays, a lot of research has been carried out providing a wealth of information regarding its microbiological properties. Since novel technologies constantly emerge, increasingly advanced methods for detection, identification and typing of Campylobacter spp. are becoming available. The aim of this article is to review the recent bibliography on Campylobacter focusing, especially, on its survival and growth characteristics, the laboratory methods used for its detection and isolation from clinical, animal, environmental, and food samples, the reported methods applied for its speciation, as well as the typing systems developed for subtyping of Campylobacter.
Effects of diet supplementation with different level of Celmanax® in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss)
Authors: KHODADADI A. , HAGHIGHI A. , MALEKINEJADH H. , TUKMECHI A. , AFSHARNASAB M.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a prebiotic (Celmanax®) containing yeast cell wall with mannan oligosaccharides on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout. Three levels of prebiotic (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 %) were mixed into pellets. Fish (19.08±1.45 g) were fed a supplemented commercial diet for 60 days. Blood samples were colected from the onset and on days 30 and 60 of the trial to measure the haematological and serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout. The results showed significant differences in haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume,mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cells and neutrophil count between control and all test groups (p<0.05). The highest and the lowest white blood cells and neutrophil count (on day 60) were observed in the 0.1 %, prebiotic-received and control groups, respectively. Also, the result showed significant differences in Alkaline phosphatase enzymes, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, between the test and control groups(p<0.05) while non-significant elevation of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and total protein levels was found in the Celmanax®-received groups (p>0.05). These results suggest that the Celmanax® supplementation enhances white blood cells and neutrophil count, and changes some biochemical parameters in rainbow trout.
Factors affecting the prevalence of ticks in cattle and acaricidal activity of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
Authors: ULLAH N. , AKHTAR R. , LATEEF M. , JAN S. U. , ZAHID B. , DURRANI U. F.
Published: May 2019

The present study was designed to determine factors affecting the prevalence of ticks (Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus) in cattle in district Loralai of Balochistan and to evaluate the acaricidal activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). A total of 670 cattle of different breeds, age and gender were examined for tick infestation with overall prevalence of 21.49% in Loralai. Friesian was more infected (26.15%) as compare to non-descriptive (22%) and Sahiwal (12.80%) breeds. Similarly, cattle less than one year old were most infected (27.90%) followed by those between 1-2 year (26.88%); the least prevalence was in cattle more than 2 years of age (19.34%). Higher prevalence was noticed in female cattle (21.98%) as compare to male cattle (16.92%). Three concentrations of (Nicotiana tabacum) (12.5mg/mL, 25mg/mL and 50mg/mL) were prepared in chloroform and methanol. The acaricidal activity of these extracts was determined by egg laying index and percentage inhibition of egg laying. The decline in egg laying index was significantly more by chloroform extract (10.048%, 17.378% and 25.143%) as compare to methanol extract (6.367%, 13.152% and 20.827%). Hatchability of eggs in chloroform extract was less than that in methanol extract (67.5%, 43.5% 17% and 77.5%, 47.5% and 23%) respectively. We concluded that the prevalence of ticks in cattle is affected by their age, breed and gender and that chloroform extract of Nicotiana tabacum is more acaricidal as compared to the methanol extract.
Bilateral primary eyelid meibomian gland epithelioma in a dog: a case report
Authors: KOMNENOU A. , CHARALAMBIDOU G. , MAKROGKIKAS S. , PAPAIOANNOU N.
Published: May 2019

In this paper an extremely rare case of primary bilateral eyelid meibomian gland epithelioma in a dog is presented. Meibomian tumors arise from the meibomian (tarsal) glands on the inner aspect of the eyelid, and meibomian gland adenomas and adenocarcinomas are the most frequent neoplasia arising from those glands. A 10-year-old male dog was admitted, with ophthalmic signs of periorbital swelling of the right eye. During the last two years, the dog had a progressive engorgement of the upper eyelid of the right eye, and during the past few months, strabismus and exophthalmos were also noticed, as well as a slighter enlargement on the lower eyelid of the left eye. Upon ophthalmic examination strabismus and periorbital swelling at the lateral canthus of the right eye, accompanied by mild exophthalmos and lagophthalmos, were recorded. Also, deep ulcerative keratitis with corneal oedema and neovascularization were noticed. Intense chemosis, epiphora and a small pinkish mass arising from the palpebral conjunctiva of the left lower eyelid were also seen. Neoplasia of both eyelids was suspected, and a series of diagnostic examinations were carried out. Orbital exenteration of the right eye was performed in the first place, followed by surgical removal of the mass of the left eyelid one month later. Based on clinical and histopathological findings, meibomian gland epithelioma was diagnosed. No relapse or metastases (local or distant) were observed in re-examinations within 18 months after the surgery. This study shows that although meibomian gland epithelioma is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases of orbital and eyelid tumors. Even though this tumor shows low malignancy, prompt surgical intervention and extended excision is the treatment of choice, in order to preserve vision in some cases. To the authors’ knowledge, the present case is the first report of bilateral meibomian gland epithelioma in the veterinary literature.
Development and assessment of the feasibility of a Zika family support programme: a study protocol
Authors: Duttine Antony , Smythe Tracey , Calheiro de Sá Miriam Ribiero , Ferrite Silvia , Moreira Maria Elisabeth , Kuper Hannah
Published: May 2019

The Zika virus outbreak in Brazil in 2015 affected thousands of people. Zika is now known to cause congenital malformations leading to impairments and developmental delays in affected children, including Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Children with CZS have complex care needs. Caregivers require significant levels of support to meet these needs, and there are large gaps in healthcare services.

This study aims to develop, pilot and assess the feasibility and scalability of a community-based Family Support Programme for caregivers of children with CZS. The programme is adapted from the Getting to Know Cerebral Palsy (GTKCP) programme for the context of CZS in Brazil. GTKCP is a 10-session programme held with 6-10 caregivers in the local community. It includes practical, educational, peer-support and psychosocial aspects, which aim to improve confidence and capacity to care for a child with CP, and quality of life and empowerment of caregivers.

The research project contains four components:

Ascertaining need for the caregiver programme: a mixed-methods approach that included two literature reviews, interviews with key stakeholders in country, and incorporation of findings from the Social and Economic Impact of Zika study.

Adapting GTKCP for the context of CZS and Brazil: undertaken with guidance from technical experts.

Pilot testing the intervention: deliver the 10-session programme to one group of caregivers of children with CZS in Rio de Janeiro and another in Greater Salvador.

Update the manual through fast-track learning from participant and facilitator feedback. Assessing the feasibility of the intervention for scale up: deliver the updated programme to two groups each in Rio de Janeiro and Greater Salvador, and evaluate the acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, adaptation, integration, expansion, and limited efficacy, through questionnaires, direct observation, semi-structured interviews and cost calculation. The project has ethics approval in both the UK and Brazil.
Stage 2 Registered Report: There is no appreciable relationship between strength of hand preference and language ability in 6- to 7-year-old children
Authors: Pritchard Verena E. , Malone Stephanie A. , Burgoyne Kelly , Heron-Delaney Michelle , Bishop Dorothy V.M. , Hulme Charles
Published: May 2019

Background:Weak or inconsistent hand preference has been postulated to be a risk factor for developmental language delay. Following on from our Registered Stage 1 report this study assessed the extent to which variations in language skills are associated with the strength of hand preference.

Methods:Data are drawn from a large sample (N= 569) of 6- to 7-year-old children unselected for ability, assessed at two time points, 6 months apart. Hand preference was assessed using the Quantitative Hand Preference (QHP) task and five uni-manual motor tasks. Language skills (expressive and receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar, and morphological awareness) were assessed with standardized measures.

Results:We found QHP scores did not distinguish children with weaker language skills from those with stronger language skills and the correlation between QHP scores and language ability was negligible in this study. Hand preference on the QHP task was significantly stronger among right-handed than left-handed children and left-handed children were typically inconsistent in the hand used across different tasks. 

Conclusions:The findings presented here fail to provide any support for the theory that weak cerebral lateralisation (as assessed here by the QHP task) places children at risk of language difficulties.

Stage 1 report: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15077.1
Does Price Fixing Benefit Corporate Managers?
Authors: González Tanja Artiga , Schmid Markus , Yermack David
Published: May 2019

We study the effects of cartel participation on top corporate managers. Although a strong public interest exists in regulating price fixing, we find little evidence that either corporate governance or the legal system holds managers of cartel firms accountable. Instead, managers of cartel firms enjoy greater job security, receive higher cash bonuses, and more aggressively take profits from appreciated stock option awards. Legal sanctions against individual managers are infrequent, with enforcement actions focused on corporations rather than their officers. Managers seem to use concealment strategies actively to limit detection of cartel membership by their boards and auditors.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Endoscopic Bariatric Therapy: A Guide to the Intragastric Balloon
Authors: Bazerbachi Fateh , Vargas Eric J. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K.
Published: May 2019

Intragastric balloons (IGBs) are the most widely available endoscopic bariatric therapy for class I and II obesity in the United States. Although simple in application and reversible by nature, these devices may help patients initiate the important first steps in weight loss maintenance, provided that parallel efforts are in motion to prevent weight recidivism. Too often, therapeutic nihilism stems from unrealistic expectations of a given therapy. In the case of IGBs, this sentiment may occur when these interventions are applied in a vacuum and not within the purview of a multidisciplinary program that actively involves dieticians, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons. There is a clear and present need to apply different tactics in the remissive strategy to control the obesity pandemic, more so in a struggling landscape of an ever-widening gap in bridging interventions. With such demand, the IGB is an available tool that could be helpful when correctly implemented. In this exposition, we summarize the current state of IGBs available worldwide, discuss their mechanism of action, relay evidence for their short- and long-term efficacy, address safety profile concerns, and suggest procedural considerations in the real-world quotidian application.
Role of Fatty Liver Index and Metabolic Factors in the Prediction of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Lean Population Receiving Health Checkup
Authors: Hsu Chiao-Lin , Wu Fu-Zong , Lin Kung-Hung , Chen Yu-Hsun , Wu Pin-Chieh , Chen Yan-Hua , Chen Chi-Shen , Wang Wen-Hwa , Mar Guang-Yuan , Yu Hsien-Chung
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Some metabolic factors and noninvasive markers, including fatty liver index (FLI), are used to predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese patients. Despite the increasing prevalence of NAFLD in lean patients (lean-NAFLD), the risk factors and predictors are not well determined in this population. We investigated factors associated with lean-NAFLD and validated their predictive ability.

METHODS:

From 9,293 examinees who underwent routine health checkups, we enrolled 4,000, aged ≥20 years, with a body mass index <24 kg/m2 in our lean-NAFLD study population. NAFLD diagnoses were made according to the patients' histories, laboratory values, and sonographic criteria. Clinical variables, serum sugar, lipid, and liver profiles were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. The predictive ability and optimal cutoff values for NAFLD were determined according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

RESULTS:

Overall, 18.5% (n = 740) of the lean population had NAFLD. Male sex, body mass index, body fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, and FLI values were associated with NAFLD. FLI had the best discriminative ability to predict lean-NAFLD compared to the other biochemical markers. We further used the Youden index test and found an optimum cut-off value for FLI of 15 with the highest discriminant ability than other values.

DISCUSSION:

The prevalence of lean-NAFLD was not low. FLI was superior to other predictors including sex, liver function, and other metabolic factors, in the prediction of lean-NAFLD. FLI may be considered an easy to use, noninvasive marker to screen for lean-NAFLD.
Effects of NiO content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AgSnO2NiO composites
Authors: Zhou Xiaolong , Chen Li , Liu Manmen , Yu Jie , Xiong Damin , Zheng Zhong , Wang Lihui
Published: May 2019

The AgSnO2NiO composites were prepared by internal oxidation method. The effects of different NiO content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AgSnO2NiO composites were studied. The phase structure and surface morphology of the prepared AgSnO2NiO materials were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Metallographic Microscopy (MM). The results showed that the AgSnO2NiO composites with different NiO content can be obtained by the process of preoxidation of AgSn alloy powder and internal oxidation of ingot containing Ni. The agglomeration phenomenon of Ni in the silver matrix was serious, which led to the agglomeration of in-situ generated NiO particles after internal oxidation. After the multi-pass drawing, the SnO2 particles dispersedly distributed in the AgSnO2NiO composites and the NiO particles gradually dispersed from the agglomerated state of the sintered ingot billet. The hardness of the prepared AgSnO2NiO composites increased slightly with the increase of NiO content. The mechanical properties test showed that the introduction of NiO particles significantly improved the tensile strength and elongation of AgSnO2 materials to a certain degree. Adding proper amount of NiO is beneficial to improve the overall performance of AgSnO2 materials.
Consideraciones generales sobre la Compactación de especímenes de mezcla asfáltica en caliente (MAC) en el Compactador Giratorio Superpave®
Authors: Jiménez Acuña Mónica
Published: May 2019

La compactación de especímenes de mezcla asfáltica en caliente (MAC) en el Compactador Giratorio Superpave® es uno de los desarrollos tecnológicos se diseñó con el objetivo de simular la densificación que se produce en el sitio durante la construcción y durante la vida útil. Otro objetivo fue determinar la “trabajabilidad” de la mezcla, dicho de otra manera, que tan fácil o que tan difícil resulta compactar la mezcla asfáltica. También, permitió utilizar agregados de mayor tamaño. Finalmente, el equipo debía ser lo suficientemente práctico para ser utilizado en los ensayos de aseguramiento y control de calidad. En este artículo se resumen la historia, funcionamiento del equipo, factores que afectan la uniformidad de los resultados, método de ensayo, resultados que se obtienen y finalmente, las conclusiones y recomendaciones basados en la experiencia adquirida a lo largo de los años en el LanammeUCR utilizando este equipo
Overlay Tester: Equipo de laboratorio para evaluar la resistencia al agrietamiento en mezclas asfálticas
Authors: Jiménez Acuña Mónica
Published: May 2019

La resistencia al agrietamiento debe ser un tema a tomar en cuenta en el desempeño de la mezcla asfáltica, la cual tiene que resistir la deformación permanente, fatiga y el daño por humedad. Las grietas aparecen en los pavimentos flexibles a través de dos mecanismos de falla: fatiga y reflejo de grietas.Las grietas por reflejo son un tipo de falla que ha recibido menos atención que el agrietamiento por fatiga. El agrietamiento por reflejo debe ser tomado en cuenta cuando se selecciona la mezcla asfáltica como sobrecapa a colocar sobre pavimentos rígidos, bases estabilizadas o simplemente cuando la capa existente está muy agrietada. Es bien sabido que las grietas existentes se propagan a la capa superior provocando que el agua se infiltre causando un rápido deterioro de la estructura del pavimento.Este artículo se enfoca en la implementación del ensayo de overlay, el cual es un ensayo muy práctico que da suficiente información de las características de agrietamiento de las mezclas asfálticas desde la formación de la grieta hasta su comportamiento de propagación, además es lo suficientemente sensible a los cambios en los contenidos y tipo de asfalto para discriminar entre distintos tipos de mezclas
PSICOPOLÍTICA SURREALISTA: MARXISMO, PSICOANÁLISIS, VANGUARDISMO ARTÍSTICO Y CRÍTICA DE LA PSICOLOGÍA
Authors: Pavón Cuellar David
Published: May 2019

La psicología moderna, como especialidad científica-profesional y como saber general popularizado y difundido en el dominio social, se basa en varios supuestos, entre ellos, la distinción de su objeto con respecto a todo lo demás, como el cuerpo y el mundo externo. El presente artículo mostrará cómo esta distinción y otros supuestos psicológicos fueron implícita o explícitamente desafiados, en los años 20 y 30, por ciertas concepcionesde inspiración marxista y freudiana que se encuentran en las vanguardias artísticas del surrealismo francés, la corriente poetista-surrealista checa, la antropofagia brasileña y el surrealismo latinoamericano.
UTOPÍA Y REALIDAD DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL HUMANITARIO EN COSME DE LA TORRIENTE Y PERAZA ENTRE 1917 Y 1920
Authors: Sarmiento Blanco Paul , Góngora Cruz Leidiedis
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo dilucidar la huella dejada por el destacado jurista internacionalista cubano Cosme de la Torriente y Peraza en los marcos del Senado cubano durante el contexto de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Desde diferentes dimensiones del Derecho Internacional Humanitario (dih) de aquella época, de la Torriente y Peraza actuó dentro del legislativo cubano en el contexto adverso de franco dominio imperialista sobre Cuba y guerra imperialista. Por otro lado, se dan a conocer sus concepciones y acciones acerca la cooperación internacional como parte del dih en ese periodo, sustentadas en la doctrina de la gratitud hacia los Estados Unidos y en la intención de buscar la consolidación de la personalidad internacional de la república cubana.
CRÓNICA DE UNA MOVILIZACIÓN ANUNCIADA: TODOSSOMOSAYOTZINAPA
Authors: Fernández Poncela Anna María
Published: May 2019

Este texto se centra en analizar los logros del movimiento por Ayotzinapa desde la mirada social. Tras los hechos en la ciudad de Iguala en el Estado de Guerrero en el año 2014, donde 6 personas resultaron asesinadas y 43 estudiantes desaparecidos, se levantó un movimiento en todo México. Desde la academia se suele estudiar los orígenes y las causas de los movimientos, pero en este caso se pretende analizar sus consecuencias y logros. Para esto, se realizaron entrevistas a los participantes y una encuesta a la ciudadanía, adicional a la revisión bibliográfica general y la reflexión propia. Como conclusión se trató de un movimiento que movió y conmovió a amplios sectores de la población, siendo valorado positivamente.
LA POLÍTICA CRIMINAL Y EL DAÑO SOCIAL EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Sibaja López Irina
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo busca dar cuenta de la relación que existe entre la escasa aplicación de la figura del daño social y la política criminal costarricense, a través de sus caracterizaciones,partiendo de la concepción teórica real objetiva donde se comprenden como dos fenómenoscomplejos. De ahí que se buscó dar respuesta a la pregunta ¿qué lugar ocupa el daño social en la política criminal del país? Lo anterior en el marco de la teoría de daños, y de las posibles afectaciones a la colectividad y al bienestar social.
DINÁMICAS CAPITALISTAS PARA LA ACUMULACIÓN POR DESPOJO
Authors: Vilchis Onofre Adrián , Zizumbo Villarreal Lilia , Monterroso Salvatierra Neptalí , Arriaga Álvarez Emilio , Palafox Muñoz Alejandro
Published: May 2019

El capitalismo se ha valido históricamente de transformaciones para salir de las crisis inmanentes a su lógica, lo cual ha requerido refuncionalizar elementos de modo que le permitan expandirse. La naturaleza es clave en este proceso de maximizar ganancias y encontrar nuevas formas de acumulación, convirtiéndola en una mercancía. En este artículo se analiza el proceso que da origen y reproduce dichas formas de acumulación. El abordaje se da a través de la propuesta de tres dinámicas: penetración, subsunción y cercamientos. Mediante estas dinámicas se muestra la capacidad del sistema capitalista de adaptarse y expandirse para la obtención de ganancias incluso en época de crisis.----Capitalism has used historically of transformations to emerge from the crisis immanent to its logic, which has required re use elements that will enable it to expand. Nature is key in this process of maximizing profits and find new forms of accumulation, turning it into a commodity. This article discusses the process that gives rise and reproduces these forms of accumulation. The approach is given through the proposal of three dynamics: penetration,subsumption, and enclosures. Through these dynamics demonstrates the ability of the capitalist system adapt and expand to obtain profits even in times of crisis.
UNA APROXIMACIÓN ELSTERIANA DEL TERRORISMO RACIONAL
Authors: Vázquez Parra José Carlos , Amézquita Zamora Juan Alberto
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo busca hacer un análisis de la racionalidad del acto de terror, señalando las razones que pueden motivar este tipo de atentados. Para llegar a esto, se pretende hacer una aproximación, desde la teoría de la racionalidad elsteriana, la cual recalca la necesidad de hacer un estudio mucho más profundo de la elección misma del actuar, más allá del acto aislado o sus consecuencias. El artículo concluye, entre otros aspectos, que las creencias que respaldan el comportamiento deben ser la pieza central de cualquier aproximación a los actos terroristas y que el sesgo en estos elementos y sus evidencias son determinantes al momento de juzgar la racionalidad o irracionalidad de un acto de terror.
A bélflóra hematológiai vonatkozásai
Authors: Szerafin László , Jakó János
Published: May 2019

Abstract:

The relationship between the gut flora and various diseases (obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, allergic and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, liver failure, infections, certain neuropsychiatric disorders, tumors) has been highlighted in recent years. Depletion of microbiotics inhibits bone marrow healing. Infections and their antibiotic treatment may also affect hematopoiesis. Intestinal flora may also affect the severity of the graft-versus-host disease and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of immunthrombocytopenia through the T-regulator cells. The study summarizes the features of the gut flora, the effects of microbiotics on bone marrow healing, the course of infections, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, graft-versus-host disease, lymphoma and the results of related research and therapeutic options. The authors briefly discuss the possible linkage between intestinal flora and immunthrombocytopenia and the effectiveness of the immunotherapy of tumors and its effect on the von Willebrand-factor synthesis. They draw attention on the importance of maintaining microbiotics diversity. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(20): 774–779.
Slow Time
Authors: Sachs Jonathan
Published: May 2019

This essay identifies a tension between speed and slowness that emerged circa 1800, when a self-conscious awareness of seemingly rapid social change intersected with the enhanced understanding of slowness developing in geological theory. Focusing on Charles Lyell, William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Charlotte Smith, the essay shows how Romantic poetry and geology think together about slow time and incongruous temporality. Slow time raises formal problems about how to represent temporal processes that operate below the level of the visual and the tangible. he slow time of geology ultimately offered Romantic poetry a new sense of how an apparent lack of eventfulness can be understood as eventful when placed on a longer timeline. Romantic poetry, in turn, drew in fine detail on geology's expanded scales of temporality to offer an imaginative understanding of the infinitesimal rates of change and the gradual processes central to slow time.
“Look No More”: Jonson'sCatilineand the Politics ofEnargeia
Authors: Mansky Joseph
Published: May 2019

In his playCatiline His Conspiracy,Ben Jonson allegorizes Cicero's fight to save the Roman Republic as a battle against the kind of spectacular drama that, Jonson claimed, his audiences so enjoyed. This metatheatrical polemic hinges on the rhetorical technique ofenargeia:the power of language to conjure an image. For the early moderns,enargeiaresolved the “paradox of representation”—the contradiction between “making present” and “standing for”—by subordinating visual presence to verbal illusionism. Jonson, aligning neoclassical poetics with humanist historiography, dramatizes this hierarchy of representation. InCatiline,Cicero's rhetoric puts visions of violence before his audience's eyes only to prevent their realization onstage. The play thus seeks to exorcise the specter of political violence that haunted early modern England and the Roman Republic alike. Yet the rhetoric of Jonson's Cicero proves just as coercive as the spectacular violence that it has replaced. From Jonson's time to ours, separating rhetoric from violence has remained the challenge of republicanism.
Siblings, Disability, Genre in Jennifer Egan's Manhattan Beach
Authors: Adams Rachel
Published: May 2019

Jennifer Egan is known for her formal and thematic virtuosity, a constant reinvention that makes each of her novels feel fresh and surprising. “If I've read it or done it before then I'm not interested,” she claims, describing an “aesthetic … guided by curiosity and desire” (Julavitz). But this isn't the whole story; an exacting reader will find familiar threads running through Egan's fiction. Among the most consistent is an interest in siblings (or cousins, in The Keep): how their relationships evolve over time, as they develop horizontal intimacies apart from the world of parents, and how they negotiate various forms of inequality—for instance, how a more typical sibling contends with a beloved other who is ill or disabled. These themes carry over into Egan's most recent novel, Manhattan Beach. Although many reviewers described it as an abrupt departure (Franklin; O'Rourke; Charles), the novel is consistent with Egan's previous work in featuring a disabled sibling and in being concerned with how genre—whether mystery, romance, PowerPoint presentation, or text message—shapes family dynamics. But where earlier projects are marked by unexpected generic combinations, Manhattan Beach hews closely to the contours of two interrelated forms: the historical novel and literary sentimentalism. At the heart of its thick portrait of a particular time and place is a sibling relationship that becomes an occasion for exploring the possibilities and limitations of genre.
Using Photographs as Memory Prompt Objects: Influencing Pre-Service Language Teachers To Recognise Reading as a Driver of Social Change
Authors: Campbell Bridget , Mhlongo Bonakele
Published: May 2019

The power of literacy is such that it has the ability to drive social change. This narrative inquiry study, which is informed by sociocultural theory, was inspired by the 2016 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study report. The report, which indicated that 80% of South African Grade 4 children cannot read for meaning, encouraged two teacher educators to investigate our literacy journeys. We selected objects that represent our literate life histories and wrote about our individual visual representations before discussing our objects. The objects selected were photographs of a father and his daughter and of a pile of books. Through our objects, this article identifies what shaped our reading proficiencies, and explores ways in which we can influence pre-service language teachers to recognise reading as a driver of social change. Our interactions with our chosen objects brought us to the realisation that, in spite of our multifarious backgrounds, our common literacy experiences enabled us to become proficient readers through which we gained access to higher education and academic success.
Enriching Teaching Through Artefacts: An Early Childhood Mathematics Teacher Educator's Self-Study Project
Authors: Kortjass Makie
Published: May 2019

This paper reports on what I learned in a self-study research project, using artefacts for teaching foundation phase (FP) pre-service (student) teachers in the module, Numeracy in the Early Years. The study focused on the merits of an integrated learning approach (ILA). As a teacher educator, the self-study concept has inspired me to continually attempt to improve my educational practices with the aim of supporting pre-service teachers' learning and, consequently, their teaching. ILA requires critical awareness of how mathematical relationships are used in social, environmental, and cultural relations. I adopted a sociocultural theoretical perspective that highlights the fundamental requirement of working together in educational contexts in order to make sense of collective and personal experiences. In the artefact activity I employed, students discussed and presented self-selected cultural artefacts such as beadwork, jewellery, and clothing. This interactive activity demonstrated that pre-service teachers require ample opportunities to utilise objects from their sociocultural environments whilst gaining practical experience of the content of early childhood mathematics in order to learn about and appreciate mathematics in a meaningful way. By engaging in innovative self-study methods to support pre-service teachers, teacher educators can improve the quality of their own practice, and improve student learning.
The Agentic Capacities of Mundane Objects for Educational Equity: Narratives of Material Entanglements in a Culturally Diverse Urban Classroom
Authors: Martin Adrian D.
Published: May 2019

Research on teachers' professional practices to facilitate equity and social justice has often focused on pedagogical approaches or dispositions aligned with this aim. Less attention has been given to how interactions with material contexts, tools, or resources can also contribute towards such a purpose. This article reports on a study that sought to investigate the ways material resources served as a vehicle to promote social change and educational equity in a culturally and linguistically diverse early childhood classroom. The study reports on objects from the classroom of Valentina, a mid-career Latina preschool teacher in an urban context. Data sources were multiple observations of Valentina's teaching, audio-recorded and transcribed interviews, lesson plans, and reflections on her practice. Employing a new materialist theoretical lens, analysis suggests that the micro-politics of classroom activity reflect inter/intra-actions with myriad tools (i.e., objects) with the agentic capacities to advance educational equity. Classroom objects were chiefly employed to promote student learning. Nonetheless, they were also repurposed, both by Valentina and by her students, in ways that highlighted the objects' agentic capacities. Recommendations for future research on objects are provided.
Curating Provocative Engagements with Assessment in Education: A Mysterious Thing
Authors: Agosto Vonzell , Wolgemuth Jennifer R. , Green Stephanie , Frier Aimee , Sabnis Sujay , Riley Michael W. , Romano Jeanine , Kearbey Jessica
Published: May 2019

This study intervenes in commonsensical ways of exploring and understanding educational assessment within an audit culture of measurement. Drawing on sociomateriality and methodological approaches associated with material culture and narrative inquiry, we curated an exhibition based on interviews with 13 informants and the things they brought to convey their assessment experiences. Based on analysis of their narratives, we clustered our findings and organised them into a gallery of two thing-centred installations: "Assessment and Tools," and "Assessment and Arts/Crafts." Curating the gallery led us to a creative way of articulating concerns about excessive assessment into a thing-interview protocol to be used in future inquiry, involving interviews with people and things. We showcase these installations, along with interview prompts, as an online exhibition. The aim is to continue the conversation on the future of assessment in connection to purposeful, equity-oriented education.
A review on physicochemical measurements by headspace gas chromatography. Studies of vapour-liquid equilibria.
Authors: Lewandowski Andrzej , Szymczyk Katarzyna
Published: May 2019

Headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) is a powerful technique for the analysis of volatile compounds. It has found broad applications for quantitative and qualitative analyses of various samples as well as for physicochemical measurements. This paper briefly reviews the basic physicochemical applications of HS-GC including vapour pressure measurements and studies of vapour-liquid equilibria in multicomponent systems. A special attention is paid to methodological aspects of these measurements. The advantages and limitations of HS-GC in this field as well as typical applications are also pointed out.
Thermal and spectroscopic studies of polymer protective coatings used in optical fibers technology
Authors: Gil Małgorzata , Kuklińska Małgorzata , Czyżewska Lidia , Wójcik Grzegorz , Mergo Paweł
Published: May 2019

An important factor determining the quality of optical fibers is their mechanical reliability. The control of the mechanical reliability allows define the lifetime of a fiber, which was under the stress during the work. Decisive influences on the mechanical and optical properties of the optical fibers have the protective coatings. Optical fiber technology requires that the coatings were applied on them on-line, directly after they have been drawn. So far, little attention has been paid to optimizing the conditions of coatings curing. In this work, the comparison of a thermoanalytical and spectroscopic analysis of coatings that were cured in an UV oven in which the power of the UV lamps was changed will be shown. As part of the research tasks, completed mechanical strength measurements were made with a silica fiber of 0.125 mm diameter.
Music Playlist Generation using Facial Expression Analysis and Task Extraction
Authors: Sen Arnaja , Popat Dhaval , Shah Hardik , Kuwor Priyanka , Johri Era
Published: May 2019

In day to day stressful environment of IT Industry, there is a truancy for the appropriate relaxation time for all working professionals. To keep a person stress free, various technical or non-technical stress releasing methods are now being adopted. We can categorize the people working on computers as administrators, programmers, etc. each of whom require varied ways in order to ease themselves. The work pressure and the vexation of any kind for a person can be depicted by their emotions. Facial expressions are the key to analyze the current psychology of the person. In this paper, we discuss a user intuitive smart music player. This player will capture the facial expressions of a person working on the computer and identify the current emotion. Intuitively the music will be played for the user to relax them. The music player will take into account the foreground processes which the person is executing on the computer. Since various sort of music is available to boost one's enthusiasm, taking into consideration the tasks executed on the system by the user and the current emotions they carry, an ideal playlist of songs will be created and played for the person. The person can browse the playlist and modify it to make the system more flexible. This music player will thus allow the working professionals to stay relaxed in spite of their workloads.
Elemente der Magdeburger Stadtverfassung und ihr Transfer in die ostmitteleuropäische Rechtskultur
Authors: Gönczi Katalin
Published: May 2019

Prawo miejskie Magdeburga odegrało ogromną rolę w formowaniu najstarszych organizacji samorządów miast Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Heiner Lück podkreśla zwłaszcza jego rolę w kształtowaniu swoistej równowagi pomiędzy różnymi organami samorządu. Tekst wskazuje charakter takich ważnych elementów samorządu miejskiego w średniowiecznym Magdeburgu, jak zgromadzenie mieszczan, rady miasta i ławy sądowej. Autorka podkreśla, że przykład statusu miejskich ławników i rajców dowodzi, iż początki współczesnego państwa mają związek ze średniowiecznymi instytucjami prawnymi miasta. Wyróżnia tu trwającą do śmierci służbę ławników i ich niezależność finansową, odpowiadającą w niektórych aspektach konstytucyjnej doktrynie niezawisłości sędziowskiej. Ponadto przywołuje kilka wpisów z różnych ksiąg miejskich z terenu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, które – jej zdaniem – pokazują podobieństwa charakteru dostojników miejskich w różnych czasach, na różnych ziemiach i w różnych systemach władzy. Zjawisko to można, jak uważa autorka opracowania, określić mianem translacji założeń prawa magdeburskiego, co dokumentuje ta sama tradycja prawnicza określająca charakter wyborów rady miejskiej i ławników w źródłach zapisanych na obszarze Czech, Węgier i Polski. Wspólną podstawą dla zasad prawa magdeburskiego było przypuszczalnie tzw. zwierciadło saskie. W niniejszym tekście przyjrzano się bliżej szczególnie dwóm instytucjom prawnym: radzie miejskiej oraz zgromadzeniu obywateli, których działanie dokumentowane było zapisami ksiąg miejskich z terenu Królestwa Węgier.
Multiethnizität, Stadtrecht, Stadt. Lemberg im späten Mittelalter
Authors: Heyde Jürgen
Published: May 2019

Artykuł dotyczy roli czynników etnicznych dla pozyskiwania przywilejów według prawa magdeburskiego w późnośredniowiecznych miastach ruskich, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przywileju przyznanego Lwowowi w 1356 r. Znaczenie czynników etnicznych dla życia politycznego i społecznego miasta w XIV i XV stuleciu omówiono na przykładzie relacji między społecznościami mieszczan i Ormian.
L’étude contrastive dans la perspective de la didactique de l’écrit en L2 : les trois axes de la rhétorique
Authors: Jin Lihua
Published: May 2019

Powszechnie się przyjmuje, że akty mowy, będące przedmiotem badań językoznawczych, są wyraźnie nacechowane kulturowo, o czym świadczy szereg prac inspirowanych pojęciem ste­reotypu, grzeczności itp., a także poświęconych różnorodnym zagadnieniom: od wzoru zdania do dyskursywnej skali sekwencyjnej lub od materiałów werbalnych po materiały niewerbalne. W ten sposób językoznawstwo kontrastywne otwiera możliwość wyjaśnienia podobieństw i różnic w re­alizacji aktów mowy dokonywanych przez nadawców wywodzących się z różnych kultur.
W dziedzinie nauczania języków obcych kontrastywna perspektywa badawcza umożliwiła rozszerzenie modeli analizy, które dzięki temu pozwalają lepiej zrozumieć porównywane języki i pisemne zachowania językowe nadawców wywodzących się z różnych kultur.
Niniejszy artykuł proponuje klasyfikację dzieł odnoszących się do retoryki kontrastywnej, które dotyczą głównie tekstów pisanych osób uczących się języka obcego oraz rodzimych pisarzy, w celu podkreślenia różnic pomiędzy „stylem, argumentacją i organizacją” (Purves, 1986), cha­rakteryzujących teksty pisane przez autorów różnych kultur. Te trzy aspekty uznajemy za główne zagadnienia badawcze retoryki kontrastywnej, mającej na celu uporządkowanie różnych elementów i zjawisk dyskursywnych dotychczas opisywanych i analizowanych. Uważamy, że takie podejście pozwoli uwzględnić wyniki badań rozmaicie zatytułowanych i obierających sobie za przedmiot badawczy różne zjawiska retoryczne, jak np.: łączniki, metody rozumowania, organizacja tekstowa, struktura argumentacyjna, styl, konwencja wypowiedzi, spójność tekstu (kohezja/koherencja) itp.
Les modifications des locutions dans les commentaires sous les articles de presse en ligne (approche contrastive)
Authors: Filipiuk-Kusz Aneta
Published: May 2019

W artykule przeanalizowano pod różnym kątem przykłady modyfikacji związków frazeolo­gicznych, pochodzące z komentarzy i wypowiedzi do tekstów prasowych w polskich i francuskich wydaniach internetowych. Głównym zadaniem było pokazanie różnorodności użytych środków oraz porównanie sposobu ich funkcjonowania w obu językach. Analiza przykładów innowacji frazeologicznych dowodzi, że istnieją operacje zarówno wspólne, jak i odmienne dla obu systemów językowych. W niektórych modyfikacjach występuje gra słów, w której aktualne staje się znaczenie dosłowne związku lub w odpowiednim kontekście pojawia się nowe znaczenie.
Marqueurs métadiscursifs du sens tropique en français et en polonais
Authors: Wołowska Katarzyna
Published: May 2019

Celem artykułu jest opisanie użycia znaczników sensu tropicznego w językach francuskim i polskim. Uwzględnione zostały znaczniki używane w obu językach w celu zasygnalizowania odbiorcy obecności tropu, zwłaszcza metafory, hiperboli i ironii; analiza skupia się na znacznikach eksplicytnych (np. mówiąc metaforycznie, używając metafory itp.), których funkcją jest zwrócenie uwagi odbiorcy przez zakwestionowanie dosłownego znaczenia i skierowanie interpretacji w kie­runku znaczenia tropicznego. Analizy opierają się na przykładach zaczerpniętych głównie z witryn internetowych, ilustrujących użycie tego typu znaczników w obu językach.
The Public Procurement and Innovativeness of Economy. The Perspective of Buying Agencies in Poland
Authors: Starzyńska Wacława
Published: May 2019

Polska wystartowała z zamówieniami publicznymi wprowadzając w 1995 r. Ustawę o zamówieniach publicznych. Od tego czasu w tym ustawodawstwie pojawiło się wiele zmian mających na celu poprawienie funkcjonowania systemu zamówień publicznych oraz doprowadzenie do zgodności tego systemu z dyrektywami Unii Europejskiej. W 2004 r. Polska, stając się członkiem UE, opublikowała ustawę Prawo zamówień publicznych, która po szeregu nowelizacji obowiązuje do chwili obecnej. W nowych dyrektywach unijnych, uwzględnionych również w polskim Prawie zamówień publicznych, akcent położono na uwarunkowania sprzyjające innowacyjności poprzez zamówienia publiczne. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba oceny tych uwarunkowań prawnych w odniesieniu do innowacyjnych zamówień publicznych. Ponadto opisano rezultaty badania empirycznego, polegającego na przeprowadzeniu wywiadów ankietowych wśród podmiotów zamawiających w Polsce na temat oceny potencjalnego wpływu zamówień publicznych na poprawę innowacyjności ofert.
Zmiany kultury emocjonalnej pracowników socjalnych w Polsce
Authors: Kanasz Tatiana
Published: May 2019

Ramą teoretyczną niniejszego tekstu jest koncepcja kultury emocjonalnej Stevena Gordona. Obejmuje ona słowniki emocji, normy i przekonania wobec emocji. Interesują mnie aspekty kultury emocjonalnej profesjonalistów w sektorze pomocy społecznej. Uzyskane wyniki mają służyć dalszym dyskusjom na temat przemian kultury emocjonalnej w sferze pomocy.
Comparative Analysis of the Identity and Practices of Post-war Representatives and the Contemporary Wave of Ukrainian Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Rovenchak Olha , Volodko Viktoriya
Published: May 2019

W artykule omówiono szczególne cechy narodowe, etniczne i kulturowe ukraińskich imigrantów w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Podstawę stanowiły wywiady przeprowadzone wśród Ukraińców mieszkających w USA i reprezentujących dwie fale imigracji ukraińskiej w XX w.: falę powojenną i współczesną. Opracowanie wskazuje podobieństwa i różnice ich tożsamości oraz odpowiadające im praktyki. Stosując metodę dyskursu i analizy porównawczej, autorki pokazują, że podobieństwa przeważają na poziomie etnicznej i narodowej tożsamości oraz praktyk amerykańskich imigrantów z Ukrainy, podczas gdy znaczące kontrowersje dotyczą ich poziomu kulturowego i językowego.
Praktyki językowe na Ukrainie: (nie)zrównoważone współistnienie
Authors: Скокова Людмила
Published: May 2019

Artykuł porusza takie problemy, jak: socjalizacja języka; kompetencje językowe i praktyki językowe ludności zamieszkującej różne regiony Ukrainy (w odniesieniu do języka ukraińskiego i rosyjskiego, ponieważ są one używane w tym kraju); jednojęzyczność/dwujęzyczność w życiu codziennym i komunikacji publicznej; konsumpcja dóbr kultury; dynamika produkcji kultury w języku ukraińskim lub rosyjskim w literaturze i środkach masowego przekazu. Autorka podkreśla, że dwujęzyczność, używanie różnych kodów językowych oraz wysoki poziom kompetencji językowych Ukraińców świadczą o ich międzykulturowej otwartości. W opracowaniu zostały przeanalizowane sposoby mające na celu wzmocnienie pozycji języka ukraińskiego w życiu społecznym, wskazano też potrzebę opracowania zrównoważonej polityki językowej.