bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sujeitos sem história, prática calada e marcas apagadas: a sodomia imperfeita ante o Santo Ofício do México
Authors: Saldarriaga Gregório
Published: September 2015

Resumo:Entre 1576 e 1662, a Inquisição mexicana recebeu apenas quatro acusações contra sodomitas imperfeitos (homens que praticavam sexo anal com mulheres). Como a Inquisição espanhola não considerava tal prática crime contra a fé, com exceção no tribunal de Aragão, restavam apenas testemunhos coletados pelos comissários da inquisição, e o julgamento não teve prosseguimento. Por meio destes poucos testemunhos, tenta-se mostrar como práticas íntimas tornaram-se, por diversos meios, públicas e como as idéias de sexualidade permitida e proibida encontravam-se em permanente tensão sob o sacramento do matrimônio, e como os mecanismos de controle social eram moralizados através da verbalização do inominável e do nefando.
Alguns aspectos da questão sanitária das cidades de Portugal e suas colônias: dos saberes olfativos medievais à emergência de uma ciência da salubridade iluminista
Authors: Pereira Magnus Roberto de Mello
Published: September 2015

O reino da podridão foi instaurado nos espaços urbanos medievais pelos detritos das atividades econômicas e pelos excrementos produzidos pelos moradores. Simultaneamente, instalou-se o reino da peste, o que os levaria a estabelecer uma interconexão de causa e efeito entre ambas as coisas. A secular convivência com monturos e esterqueiras resultaria numa arte sanitária de cunho olfativo, baseada na correlação entre maus cheiros e doenças. Essas noções estiveram na base dos cuidados sanitários adotados nas cidades de Portugal, e, mais tarde, nas de suas colônias. O iluminismo pretendeu substituir esta arte olfativa por uma ciência da salubridade urbana. Todavia, no universo português, esta nova ciência permaneceu presa aos limites dos saberes olfativos medievais, sem produzir uma nova efetividade. Gerou, entretanto, entre os funcionários coloniais, uma verdadeira obsessão pelo nauseabundo. Ao findar o século XVIII, os médicos e naturalistas formados pela recémreformada Universidade de Coimbra tornaram-se exímios cheiradores que se dedicariam com paixão ao judicioso exame do nauseabundo e à sua descrição. Não houve cloaca, pântano, poço, monturo ou maloca que não fosse cheirado na insaciável busca das partículas mefíticas que supunham contaminar a tudo e a todos.
Sob as bênçãos da Igreja: o casamento de escravos na legislação brasileira
Authors: Campos Adriana Pereira , Merlo Patrícia M. da Silva
Published: September 2015

O presente artigo tem como propósito discutir a legislação a respeito de casamentos entre escravos e entre escravos e livres no Brasil do período colonial ao Império. Para tanto, levantou-se o ordenamento legal em vigor até a instauração da República, procedendo-se à leitura da legislação civil que, até 1916, obedecia ainda às ordenações portuguesas intituladas de Filipinas. Como aquela normatização lusitana fora precedida por duas outras, a Afonsina e a Manuelina, buscou-se fazer uma comparação entre esses vários diplomas legais. Além disso, procedeu-se a uma investigação a respeito do assunto nas normas eclesiásticas, sobretudo nas decisões emanadas do Concílio de Trento e nas Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia. Tais documentos canônicos concorriam com as disposições civis contidas nas ordenações que disciplinavam o matrimônio no Brasil desde os tempos coloniais e permaneceram influentes mesmo após a Independência. A meta foi conseguir o maior subsídio possível para esclarecer alguns aspectos importantes da instituição matrimonial envolvendo cativos vigente no Brasil até o Império.
A estimação neural de tempos de viagens de ônibus sob regime de fretamento usando-se de dados de posicionamento por satélites (GPS)
Authors: Jales Antonio Wagner Lopes , Silva Carlos Augusto Uchôa da
Published: September 2015

ResumoO trabalho teve o objeto o desenvolvimento de um modelo de previsão de chegada de ônibus que fazem o transporte de empregados sob o regime de fretamento. Para tanto, utilizou-se um modelo matemático baseado em Redes Neurais Artificiais. As experiências anteriores de aplicação de RNA's para modelagem desse tipo de problema consideraram como dados de entrada, informações "estáticas" do percurso, como por exemplo, a posição dos pontos de paradas pré-estabelecidos, a distância entre os mesmos, a velocidade média de percurso previamente analisada. A contribuição do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo de aprendizado considerando como dados de entrada, qualquer localização do veículo (longitude e latitude) ao longo do percurso bem como a hora em que o mesmo passou pela mesma coordenada, tornando o modelo mais dinâmico e simplificado para ser reproduzido e incorporado às ferramentas de rastreamento veicular que utilizam posicionamento global (GPS). Outra contribuição metodológica foi a estruturação de uma "árvore de testes" que considerou variações na tipologia, nos valores para Taxa de Aprendizagem e "Momentum". O resultado alcançado chegou a um modelo de previsão com erro relativo médio de menos de 1%.
IDENTIFICATION OF SANDFLIES (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) BLOOD MEALS IN AN ENDEMIC LEISHMANIASIS AREA IN BRAZIL
Authors: TANURE Aline , PEIXOTO Jennifer Cunha , AFONSO Margarete Martins dos Santos , DUARTE Rosemere , PINHEIRO Aimara da Costa , COELHO Suedali Villas Bôas , BARATA Ricardo Andrade
Published: September 2015

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to identify blood meals of female sandflies captured in the municipality of Governador Valadares, an endemic area of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. From May 2011 to January 2012, captures were performed using HP light traps in four districts. There were 2,614 specimens (2,090 males and 524 females) captured; 97 engorged females were identified belonging to the species Lutzomyia longipalpis (82.1%) and Lutzomyia cortelezzii (17.9%). Considering simple and mixed feeding, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed a predominance of chicken blood (43.6%) in Lutzomyia longipalpis, showing the important role that chickens exert around the residential areas of Governador Valadares. This finding increases the chances of sandflies contact with other vertebrates and consequently the risk of leishmaniasis transmission.
DIARRHEA OUTBREAK IN PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL, ASSOCIATED WITH A HEAT-STABLE CYTOTOXIC ENTEROTOXIN PRODUCED BY Aeromonas caviae
Authors: LOPES Ana Carolina Amaral , MARTINS Luciano Moura , GATTI Maria Silvia Viccari , FALAVINA DOS REIS Cristhiane Moura , HOFER Ernesto , YANO Tomomasa
Published: September 2015

SUMMARY In the present study enterotoxic and cytotoxic activities of twenty Aeromonas caviaestrains were examined. They originated from fecal specimens of patients with acute diarrhea during an outbreak in Brazil in 2004. Culture supernatants of fourteen strains (70%) caused fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal intestinal loops and in suckling mice assays, and also showed a cytotoxic activity in Vero and Caco-2 cells. The enterotoxic and cytotoxic factors were heat-stable after culture supernatants treatment at 100 ºC. The results revealed that A. caviaestrains produce a putative diarrheagenic virulence factor, a heat-stable cytotoxic enterotoxin that could be linked to the diarrhea outbreak that took place in Brazil.
Degradabilidade ruminal in situ de silagens de capim-elefante aditivadas com farelo de milho e inoculante da microbiota autóctone
Authors: BEZERRA Higor Fábio Carvalho , SANTOS Edson Mauro , OLIVEIRA Juliana Silva de , CARVALHO Gleidson Giordano Pinto de , CASSUCE Meiry Rodrigues , PERAZZO Alexandre Fernandes , FREITAS Douglas de Souza Souto , SANTOS Vinicius da Silva
Published: September 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal in situda matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro de silagens de capim-elefante aditivadas com farelo de milho e inoculante da microbiota autóctone. Para as silagens foi utilizado esquema fatorial 4x2 (quatro níveis de farelo de milho - 0, 5, 10 e 20 dag/kgx com e sem inoculante) e cinco repetições, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. No ensaio de degradabilidade, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, no qual os três animais representaram os blocos; as silagens representam os sete tempos de incubação dos alimentos no rúmen (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 e 144 horas), as subparcelas. Houve acréscimo da fração solúvel nas silagens com adição do farelo de milho, sendo que no tratamento com 20dag/kg proporcionou o maior resultado, com 31,49 e 29,02%, para os tratamentos sem e com inoculante, respectivamente. A fração insolúvel potencialmente degradável, da matéria seca, foi maior nas silagens com 20dag/kg de farelo de milho. Na fibra em detergente neutro, os maiores valores fração insolúvel potencialmente degradável foram observados nas silagens sem farelo de milho, 56,52 e 57,19%, respectivamente, nas silagens de capim sem e com inoculante da microbiota autóctone. A adição de farelo de milho em silagens de capim-elefante melhora a degradabilidade da matéria seca das silagens e diminui a da fibra em detergente neutro.
Zinco e vitamina E em dietas para frangos de corte criados em estresse calórico
Authors: LOPES Jackelline Cristina Ost , FIGUEIRÊDO Agustinho Valente de , LOPES João Batista , LIMA Daniela Cristina Pereira , RIBEIRO Mabell Nery , LIMA Vânia Batista de Sousa
Published: September 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar o uso do zinco e da vitamina E em dietas para frangos de corte mantidos em cama reutilizada, no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade, sobre o desempenho, peso dos órgãos linfoides, digestivos e coração. Setecentos pintos distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x3+1, sendo dois níveis de zinco (0,0 e 120mg/kg da dieta) associados a três níveis de vitamina E (0,0; 300 e 600mg/kg da dieta), uma dieta controle e cinco repetições, foram criados em galpões de alvenaria coberto de telhas de cerâmica e piso cimentado. No período de 1 a 21 dias, o ganho de peso é maior, sem a suplementação de zinco e vitamina E, quando as aves são mantidas em cama reutilizada em relação àquelas criadas em cama nova. A suplementação isolada de 300mg de vitamina E/kg e a associação de 120mg de zinco/kg com 600mg de vitamina E/kg conferem maior ganho de peso aos frangos de corte criados em cama reutilizada em comparação às aves alimentadas com dieta controle mantidas em cama nova. Conclui-se que os níveis de zinco e de vitamina E avaliados não melhoram os parâmetros de desempenho de frangos de corte mantidos em cama reutilizada de 1 a 21 dias de idade. O peso do intestino aumenta e o do baço diminui à medida que a vitamina E é suplementada na dietas desses animais.
USING SURFACE FITTING AND BUFFER ANALYSIS TO ESTIMATE REGIONAL GEOIDAL UNDULATION
Authors: NING FANG-SHII
Published: September 2015

Abstract:Geoidal undulation is the distance from the surface of an ellipsoid to the surface of a geoid measured along a line that is perpendicular to the ellipsoid. This paper describes how the geoidal undulation can be derived from the orthometric height, Global Navigation Satellite System geodetic height, and a surface model. Various surfaces fitting using the plane coordinates of the reference points and analysis with different buffers were used to determine the geoid undulation Taiwan. The results show that the quadratic surface model outperformed other surface models, yielding a buffer radius ranging from 15 to 25 km. According to the results, the accuracy of regional geoid undulation (city or state) can be improved through this process of surface fitting
Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild rodents and marsupials from the Atlantic Forest, state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Gennari Solange Maria , Ogrzewalska Maria Halina , Soares Herbert Sousa , Saraiva Danilo Gonçalves , Pinter Adriano , Nieri-Bastos Fernanda Aparecida , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Szabó Matias Pablo Juan , Dubey Jitender Prakash
Published: September 2015

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects a large spectrum of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Small rodents and marsupials play an important role in the epidemiology of T. gondii because they are sources of infection for domestic and feral cats. Serum samples from 151 rodents and 48 marsupials, captured in the Atlantic Forest, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, were analyzed for the presence of T. gondii antibodies. Antibodies detected by the modified agglutination test (MAT ≥ 25) were found in 8.6% (13/151) of the rodents and 10.4% (5/48) of the marsupials, with titers ranging from 25 to 6400 and from 25 to 3200, respectively for the rodents and marsupials. Three of the eight species of rodents (Akodon spp., Oligoryzomys nigripesand Rattus norvegicus), and one from the four marsupial species (Didelphis aurita) presented positive animals. T. gondii was described for the first time in the rodent Oligoryzomys nigripes.
Ectocommensal and ectoparasites in goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) in farmed in the State of São Paulo
Authors: Moyses Carla Renata Serantoni , Spadacci-Morena Diva Denelle , Xavier José Guilherme , Antonucci Antonio Mataresio , Lallo Maria Anete
Published: September 2015

Concomitant infections by several parasitic genera are rare, very debilitating and often lethal to fish reared under commercial breeding conditions. Were describe a multiple and concurrent parasite infestation in cultured goldfish Carassius auratus with skin damage (nodules and/or ulceration). Fish with skin lesions underwent necropsy, and the skin and gills were scraped and examined. Histopathological examination with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Giemsa stain, and an ultrastructure study using transmission and scanning electron microscopy were conducted. In the skin, we identified multiple-parasite infestations by Gyrodactylidae, Epistylis sp., Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tetrahymena sp. and Ichthyobodo necator,associated with epithelial cell hyperplasia and epidermal sloughing. Although no gross lesions were observed, were identified a large number of parasites in the gills (Epistylis sp., Piscinoodinium sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina sp., Apiosoma sp., Hexamitasp. and cysts of a trematode digenean). The observed trematodes were not identified. The associated microscopic lesions were epithelial hypertrophic and hyperplasic and exhibited fusion of secondary lamellae and epithelial cell detachment. This is the first description of a protozoan Vorticella sp. parasitizing goldfish in Brazil. Multiple ectoparasitism by protozoa and Platyhelminthes, with or without apparent tissue damage, can be fatal for goldfish raised on farms with poor management.
New records of three species of nematodes in Cerdocyon thous from the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands
Authors: Gomes Ana Paula Nascimento , Olifiers Natalie , Santos Michele Maria dos , Simões Raquel de Oliveira , Maldonado Júnior Arnaldo
Published: September 2015

We report the occurrence of nematodes collected from the gut of roadkilled crab-eating foxes (two adult males and one juvenile female), Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), found on the BR 262 highway in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil in 2011. Three helminth species were identified: Ancylostoma buckleyi, Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) pluripectinata, and Ascaridia galli. These nematodes are reported for the first time to infect C. thous from the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands, thereby expanding their geographical distribution.
Development and health status of Centropomus undecimalisparasitized by Rhabdosynochus rhabdosynochus (Monogenea) under different salinity and temperature conditions
Authors: Mello Giovanni Lemos de , Jerônimo Gabriela Tomas , Tancredo Karen Roberta , Brol Jéssica , Almeida Evelyn Jacques de , Martins Maurício Laterça , Tsuzuki Mônica Yumi
Published: September 2015

This study evaluated the correlation of hematological parameters with the mean abundance of the monogenean helminth Rhabdosynochus rhabdosynochus in Centropomus undecimalis reared at different temperatures and salinities. The experimental conditions were: 28 °C/0 ppt (parts per thousand); 28 °C/15 ppt; 28 °C/32 ppt; 25 °C/0 ppt; 25 °C/15 ppt; and 25 °C/32 ppt. The prevalence was 100.0% in fish at 28 °C/15 ppt, 28 °C/32 ppt and 25 °C/15 ppt, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) from those at 25 °C/32 ppt. The red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit and total leukocyte (WBC) count were significantly higher in fish at 28 °C/15 ppt and 28 °C/32 ppt. The mean abundance of R. rhabdosynochus, hematocrit and RBC showed positive correlations (P < 0.05) with temperature (ρ= 0.3908; ρ= 0.4771 and ρ = 0.2812). Mean abundance showed negative correlations with hemoglobin (ρ= -0.3567) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (ρ = -0.2684). No correlation between abundance and salinity was detected among the experimental conditions (ρ = -0.0204). The low numbers of monogeneans recorded (min -1 and max -33) explain the few changes to fish health. This suggests that these experimental conditions may be recommended for development of rearing of C. undecimalis in Brazil, without any influence or economic losses from R. rhabdosynochus.
No-Risk Mobility: Through College to University
Authors: Alexandrov Daniil , Tenisheva Ksenia , Savelyeva Svetlana
Published: September 2015

The vocational college system is regarded as a social mobility channel providing the highest profit with minimal risk. We analyze the specific features and trends of the institutional context that has developed in Russia over the last 15 years, which promote development of such channel. We discriminate between three types of colleges that have emerged after reorganization of this education level in Russia. Colleges of the three types differ in their legal status and in the way they interact with universities. We describe a social group using the “through college to university” educational trajectory. Its members fall in between those reproducing the qualified worker status and those reproducing the highly qualified professional status. Such people usually perform averagely at school. Having surveyed nine-graders in Saint Petersburg and in one of the districts in Leningrad region, we analyze the motives for choosing the “through college to university” educational trajectory and the ideas students with their parents had about benefits, costs, and risks of this pathway. It appears that geographical location plays a key role in choosing this trajectory. Opting for an alternative educational pathway is less typical of rural students dealing with much more structural constrains than their urban counterparts. Unlike in large cities, only more informed and higher-status groups make this choice in the countryside. A comparison of college systems in several countries allows to conclude that colleges in Russia represent an upward social mobility channel, just like in USA and unlike in Germany, where colleges ensure social reproduction.
Online Learning: How It Affects the University Structure and Economics. Panel discussion
Authors: Carnoy Martin , Kuzminov Yaroslav
Published: September 2015

A panel discussion on online learning was held at National Research University—Higher School of Economics on June 16, 2015. The scenario included three main topical units: how online learning affects the education structure; incurred changes to tuition fees and cash flows; promising areas of online learning research. Particularly, the agenda embraced the following questions: How efficient is online learning? What benefits does it provide to its players (institution, teachers, and students)? What risks are there for online learning players (institution, students)? Who has a demand for online learning? How does distribution of online learning affect the global and national education systems and organization of universities? Will Russian universities introduce the practice of replacing conventional courses with massive open online courses (MOOC)? Will there be any limitations to such practice (e. g. will students only be able to choose MOOC for general subjects but not for field-specific disciplines? will they be able to choose from OpenEdX courses only)? How introduction of this practice will affect the organization of the learning process and the level of teaching load? Will replacement of conventional courses with MOOC result in job cuts? Can the MOOC phenomenon give rise to discrimination between cheap online and elite classroom education? How do MOOC change the education market? Is MOOC distribution increasing the ternational competition between universities? How will tuition fees be affected?
Roma Identity as an Expert-Political Construction
Authors: Surdu Mihai , Kovats Martin
Published: September 2015

The creation of an EU Framework for national Roma integration strategies (2011) marks a significant step in the politicisation of Roma identity by ensuring a further increase in the number of initiatives, projects and programmes explicitly targeting Roma. The Framework itself is part of a process that began with postcommunist transition and which has produced historically unprecedented levels of Roma political activism along with a proliferation of national and transnational policy initiatives focussed on Roma identity. In seeking to explain this contemporary political phenomenon, the article argues that Roma is an identity constructed at the intersection of political and expert knowledge by various actors, such as policymakers, Romani activists, international organizations and scholars. This political-expert identity is applied to groups that are not bounded by a common language, religion, cultural practice, geographic location, occupation, physical appearance or lifestyle. The article explores how this collation of disparate populations into a notional political community builds upon a centuries-old Gypsy legacy. It scrutinizes five strands of identification practices that have contributed to the longue durée development of today’s Roma as an epistemic object and policy target: police profiling of particular communities; administrative surveys; Romani activism; Roma targeted policies; quantitative scientific research. The article argues that the contemporary economic and political conditions amidst which the politicisation of Roma identity is occurring explain how the ideological and institutional construction of the ethnic frame tends toward the reinforcement of the exclusion of those categorised as Roma, thus increasing the perceived need for Roma policy initiatives. A self-sustaining cycle has been created where Roma knowledge identifies Roma problems requiring a policy response, which produces more Roma knowledge, more needs and more policy responses. Yet, there are consequences to racialising public discourse by presenting Roma as both problematic and essentially different from everyone else. Hostility towards Roma has increased in many states indicating that the expert framing of Roma groupness affects social solidarity by disconnecting and distancing Roma from their fellow citizens.
The Prolonged Inclusion of Roma Groups in Swedish Society
Authors: Montesino Norma , Ohlsson Al Fakir Ida
Published: September 2015

Inclusion policies focusing on Roma groups started in Sweden during the 1950s, when the Swedish government recognized the formal citizen status of the so called “Swedish Gypsies”, a group consisting of approximately 740 people. As the Roma were perceived as people living outside the boundaries of normal society, the challenge facing the Swedish authorities was how to outline and organize the new policies. In our analyses we focus on the taken-for-granted premises of these policies. We discuss the “entry process” of these Roma into Swedish society. People-processing organizations classified Roma as “socially disabled” in different administrative contexts. In the early 1960s adult male Roma were classified as socially disabled on the labor market. Later during the same decade, experts and professionals increasingly focused attention on the Roma family as a problematic institution. In this context, Roma adults were classified as disabled in relation to the normative representations of parental capacities during that time, while Roma children of school age were defined as children with difficulties and put in special groups for children with problems. The related interventions were justified by a discourse on social inclusion, but in reality produced a web of measures, practices and yet further interventions, which in the long run have contributed to perpetuate the social marginality of Roma groups.
Educating the Roma: The Struggle for Cultural Autonomy in a Seminomadic Group in Norway
Authors: Engebrigtsen Ada I.
Published: September 2015

This paper will discuss the rationale of a group of Norwegian Roma who have resisted the government’s attempts to educate them since the early 1960s. Behind the scenes these Roma claim that a school education is irrelevant for their children yet, when faced with school authorities, they comply. The authorities have used different approaches to promote education for Rom children however, their success is questionable. So what is at stake here? What is wrong with education from the Roma’s point of view and how do the authorities respond? This article opens with a presentation of the history and background of the Norwegian Roma. It then presents the Norwegian system of public primary and lower secondary education and their attempts to accommodate Rom children. It critically examines the concept of education and the unquestioned and self-evident understanding of schooling as a liberating force per se. It further makes use of Bourdieu’s analysis of symbolic capital and habitus and discusses the Roma’s resistance to education and why symbolic capital developed through public school education is not converted to the Rom field.
I Met Lucky People: The Story of the Romani Gypsies. By Yaron Matras. London: Allen Lane, Penguin Books, 2014, 276 pp.; ISBN 978-1-846-14481-3.
Authors: Friedman Victor A
Published: September 2015

This is a book review of I met lucky people: The story of the Romani Gypsies, by Yaron Matras. The work is oriented for a general reading public, but it can be highly recommended for academics and policy makers as well.
Introduction to the Special Issue “Talking about Roma: Implications for Social Inclusion”
Authors: Friedman Eben
Published: September 2015

By the last decade of the twentieth century, official discourse calling for the elimination of Roma had been largely replaced by approaches aimed at inclusion. Contemporary approaches of this kind can be roughly divided into those which emphasize human rights as a basis for measures to improve the Roma’s situation and those rooted in the proposition that improvements in the situation of Roma can be expected to provide economic benefits for the general populations of the countries in which Roma live. The contributions to this special issue critically examine public discourses from throughout Europe which are ostensibly aimed at promoting the social inclusion of Roma. While the fact that the discourses treated fit broadly within human rights and/or economic paradigms allows the articles to speak to one another in various ways, the articles also exhibit a wide range of variation in approach as well as geographical focus. Whereas the first four articles deal directly with issues of definition in relation to Roma, a second group of contributions compares developments across multiple countries or institutions. The last four articles each treat a single country, with the final article narrowing the focus further to a single city.
Learning Race through Place and Time: Critical Geographic Approaches to Antiracist Collaborative Ethnography
Authors: Hall Billy , Santoro Daniella
Published: September 2015

In the summer of 2013, as part of an ethnographic methods training program in Tallahassee, Florida, field school students were critically engaged in collaborative participatory research on experiences of race and racism. This article reflects on some of the many connections between race, space, place, and time we saw unfold in Tallahassee and advances a methodology that melds participatory ethnography with critical geographic approaches. Here, we present two cartographic practices through which an ethnographic space was articulated for understanding how social archives of racial histories accumulate over time and are mapped onto urban space. In attending to a palimpsest of racial relations in space and time, we see new potentials for a critical geographic approach to antiracist ethnography. We suggest ethnographers can better research, rewrite, and redress the uneven productions of space by rescaling our investigations into the material and remembered worlds lived by those bound up in racial struggles.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Szurek Sarah M. , Gravlee Clarence C.
Published: September 2015

This issue of Practicing Anthropology presents work that emerged from the 2013 season of the Health Equity Alliance of Tallahassee (HEAT) Ethnographic Field School (EFS), an ongoing NSF-supported program and community-academic partnership in Tallahassee, Florida. Most of the papers in this special issue directly examine field school experiences; others represent the broader reach of community-academic partnerships. The HEAT Field School plays a unique role in the discipline as a structured learning center where Ph.D. students from a range of graduate departments can come year after year to receive formal training in field methods of data collection. Graduate students, university faculty, and local experts and activists in Tallahassee continue to be committed to projects related to community empowerment, health equity, and building upon community strengths to advance social justice.
ESTUDO DA ACEITAÇÃO DE PALMITOS
Authors: Coletti Luana Yoneda , Verruma-Bernardi Marta Regina
Published: September 2015

O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a aceitação de quatro variedades de palmitos (açaí, juçara, palmeira real, pupunha). Para análise da aceitação, foi realizado um teste com 120 consumidores, utilizando uma escala hedônica de sete pontos. Os resultados foram analisados por análise de variância e posterior teste Tukey, para checar diferença entre as médias (p≤0,05). De um modo geral, as médias foram mais altas para o palmito de açaí e as inferiores para o palmito de pupunha para cor e sabor, porém todos os palmitos foram aceitos, uma vez que apresentaram notas próximas a 5, em uma escala de 7 pontos.
A PREVALÊNCIA DE INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA EM MULHERES NA PÓS-MENOPAUSA
Authors: Souza Juliana de Oliveira , Mascarenhas Celso da Silva , Nascimento Adriana Cristina Pereira do , Gonçalves Arlan da Silva , Pereira Luciana Carvalho , Kuraiem Marilza Alves Porto , Cruz Ariela Torres
Published: September 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de incontinência urinária em mulheres no período pós-menopausa e traçar o perfil epidemiológico dessa população. Foram entrevistadas quarenta mulheres com idade entre 50 e 82 anos, com um período mínimo de um ano de amenorreia. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando um questionário elaborado pelos próprios autores, que buscavam informações referentes a fatores de risco para a incontinência urinária e suas características clínicas. Dentre as mulheres entrevistadas, 20 apresentavam incontinência urinária, sendo que 70% das mulheres incontinentes eram caucasianas e 80% apresentavam alterações no Índice de Massa Corporal e não faziam uso de Terapia de Reposição Hormonal. Quanto ao histórico gineco-obstétrico, a maioria vivenciou 5 ou mais partos normais e foi submetida à histerectomia. Muitas mulheres entrevistadas relataram perda de urina em mais de uma situação da vida diária. Quando questionadas sobre o tratamento, 80% delas referiram nunca ter procurado ajuda médica e nenhuma delas fazia tratamento para a doença. Sendo assim, na assistência à saúde da mulher, mostra-se necessária a identificação do problema e de seus fatores de risco, assim como estratégias de intervenções para prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento relacionados à perda urinária feminina.
SYSTEM OF DIRECT COMPOSITE VENEERS COMPONEER. WORK DIFFICULTIES AND WAYS OF OVERCOMING THEM
Authors: Шумилович Богдан , Shumilovich Bogdan , Сущенко Андрей , Sushchenko Andrew , Морозов Алексей , Morozov Aleksey
Published: September 2015

A system of finished Componeer composite veneers is a unique and having no analogy in the world elaboration of the Swiss company Coltene/Whaledent, an outcome of almost half a century experience of the company working in a field of composite materials. It combines the best features of direct and indirect restoration methods. The system is fulfilled of nano-composite Synergy D6 that has high mechanical strength, convenience for workable consistency, color stability and a system of halftone shades, which facilitates color matching. All this allows achieving excellent aesthetic results in minimal time. Application of an original standard scale gives possibility effectively assess optical properties of dental hard tissues and develop an implementation strategy of restoration before work started. Formation of Componeer form, polymerization and polishing at factory allow a practitioner fully utilize effect of "fluorescence" inherent to the material. All this allows us to position the Componeer system as a serious alternative to non-direct methods of restoration with the possibility of both high aesthetic and cosmetic reconstruction reliability.
FROM UNITY TO THE VARIETY OF FORMS IN NATURE
Authors: Ломиашвили Лариса , Lomiashvili Larisa , Сидельников В. , Sedelnikov V. , Постолаки А. , Postolaki A.
Published: September 2015

The questions of unity and variety of forms in nature are discussed In the presentpaper. Refers to the process of shaping the teeth, structural and functional unit of the tooth is determined: canine module – odontomer. The common structure of the tooth, hand and foot is demonstrated, moreover the morphological similarity is manifested at the stage of human embryo – histogenesis. Thus, at the stage of bookmarks, formation, growth and development of certain organs of a human embryo (hands, feet and teeth) one can see some similarity of their structure, the internal order of the morphological units (fingers, enameldentinal rollers), which describes the universal law of creation – "the golden proportion" . Dentists have to know the anatomy of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity very well when restoring the teeth. Also dentists should study their phylogeny, anthropogeny,ontogeny in order to reconstruct the missing tissue in their original form, in harmony. The stages of dental restorations made of composite materials based on modular technology are shown.

We have proposed a matrix model for shaping the crown of a tooth. At the base of a tooth crown several modules – odontometrs are laid, which are directed to the fissure of the first order. A doctor deliberately puts missing edges, filling empty spaces with composite material, thus performing a specific algorithm of a tooth construction. While restoration the missing tissue you operate with the canine tooth module and composite material and fill a tooth crown.

Thus, we consider a canine tooth as the initial unit, fractal part of ontogenesis of dento-facial system of a person in accordance with the set laws which are typical for the modular (fractal) structural organization.
Design gráfico cambiante para marcas hipermodernas
Authors: Kopp Rudinei
Published: September 2015

Neste artigo são analisados os logotipos da marcas Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Nordkyn e MIT Media Lab. Esses trabalhos revelam uma nova face do “design gráfico cambiante” (AUTOR, 2002) e estão identificados com um momento caracterizado, nos termos por Gilles Liposvetsky, como hipermodernidade. As marcas analisadas revelam as potencialidades e riscos dessa época, servindo como dispositivos para a excitação do hiperconsumo e da hiper-individualidade.
A mídia e a representação do corpo: leitura crítica dos meios de comunicação
Authors: Andrelo Roseane , Almeida Ligia Beatriz Carvalho de
Published: September 2015

Neste texto são oferecidas referências teórico-práticas para o desenvolvimento de ações de mídia-educação com jovens. O objetivo é elevar a criticidade na relação do jovem com a mídia, principalmente quando há entrelaçamento entre a estetização do corpo e os temas pautados pelos meios de comunicação. Assim, expõe-se um relato de experiência desenvolvida em escola de ensino médio e apresenta-se uma sugestão de atividade a ser aplicada em ambientes educativos, ambas com foco na construção da imagem feminina.
História em quadrinhos e a função poética na publicidade
Authors: Santos Roberto Elísio dos , Urbinati Daniela , Santos Iêda Lima dos
Published: September 2015

A relação entre a publicidade e as histórias em quadrinhos remonta ao início do século XX, quando as tiras publicadas em jornais atraíam a atenção crescente dos leitores. Partindoda função poética da linguagem, conforme a classificação feita pelo linguista russo Roman Jakobson, e seuuso na publicidade, este texto pretende categorizar as principais formas em que os quadrinhos atendem às necessidades de campanhas publicitárias. Por meio de elementos característicos da função poética da linguagem, os anúncios podem trazer informações úteis e manterem-se interessantes e vendáveis.
El estilo de negociación entre los paí­ses de Asia y México: diferencias y similitudes
Authors: Arredondo Hidalgo Dra. Marí­a Guadalupe , Pantoja Aguilar Mtro. Martí­n P.
Published: September 2015

El presente trabajo es una investigación documental con el objetivo de identificar las condiciones actuales en el ámbito de las negociaciones, sus tratados y la balanza comercial, como antecedentes de la negociación entre los paí­ses de Asia y México. Recopila también los estilos de negociación de los diferentes paí­ses asiáticos y así­ mismo el estilo en México, todos identificados por diversos autores, para con base en las propuestas de Benoliel (Asia) y Chamoun Nicolás (México) elaborar una comparativa directa de los estilos de negociación entre México y los paí­ses asiáticos. Los resultados permiten reconocer que los procesos de negociación son en la mayorí­a de los casos diferentes para ambas partes, pero coincidentes en algunas. Concluyendo que las negociaciones internacionales implican un complejo proceso de preparación y un profundo análisis para que sean exitosas.
Biochemical Markers for Differential Diagnosis of Stroke: A Biochemical Markers Study of S100B Protein, Neuron Spesific Enolase (NSE), Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), and Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP)
Authors: Liswati Evy , Wijaya Andi , Ranakusuma Teguh A. S.
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: Differential diagnosis between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, which determine how to treat the patients, was performed by CT-Scan. CT-Scan is not always available in all Indonesian health care facility. Other alternative using biochemical markers needed to be studied.METHODS: In total of 44 stroke patients consist of 25 ischemic and 19 hemorrhagic strokes according to CTScan, participated in this study. S100B Protein, NSE, MBP and H-FABP concentration in the blood of each stroke patient was determined.RESULTS: Among the biochemical markers used, only MBP at cut off point 0,712 ng/ml could be used for diagnosing hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke for serum samples obtained until 72 hours after onset of the stroke. If samples could be obtained within 24 hours, S100B Protein and MBP could be used for diagnosing hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke. If both markers increased (S100B Protein >7.55 pg/ml and MBP >0.109 ng/ml) sensitivity and specificity would be 77.8% and 84.6% respectively.CONCLUSIONS: MBP and S100B Protein are promising markers for differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke. Using serum samples obtained within 24 hours after onset and multiple markers (MBP and S100B Protein) will improved diagnostic performance of the test.KEYWORDS: Stroke, S100B Protein, Neuron Specific Enolase, Myelin Basic Protein, and Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein
¿País de emigración, inmigración, tránsito y retorno? La formación de un sistema de migración colombiano
Authors: Palma Mauricio
Published: September 2015

A partir de la teoría de los sistemas de migración formulada por Oliver Bakewell (2010, 2013), el artículo argumenta la existencia de un sistema de migración colombiano. Este se estructura con base en la configuración histórica de tres elementos: a) flujos, de personas, ideas y bienes; b) instituciones, en el sentido de discursos y prácticas asociadas; y (c) estrategias, que responden tanto a dinámicas normativas como derivadas del entorno en el que se gesta el fenómeno migratorio contemporáneo. En su configuración se toman en cuenta lógicas económicas y políticas, pero también prácticas culturales, en medio del proceso de transición de Colombia como una sociedad de emigración pura, a ser un país de inmigración, tránsito y retorno.
El transnacionalismo político de los migrantes colombianos en Nueva York y Nueva Jersey (1990-2010): su comprensión desde la óptica de las heridas identitarias y la búsqueda de reconocimiento
Authors: Amézquita Quintana Constanza
Published: September 2015

Este artículo pretende abordar las dinámicas del transnacionalismo político de los migrantes colombianos en la ciudad de Nueva York y en el área norte de Nueva Jersey durante el periodo 1990-2010, a partir de los procesos de desprecio y sufrimiento moral (estigmatización social) que experimentaron, las implicaciones de estos procesos en la identidad / autonomía de los migrantes (en tanto generadores de heridas identitarias) y su búsqueda de reconocimiento social. El artículo inicia con una caracterización general de la migración colombiana a dicho contexto. Posteriormente, aborda las experiencias de desprecio moral afrontadas por los migrantes en los contextos de origen y destino para la época en mención. Mientras que en el contexto de origen tales experiencias estuvieron vinculadas a la polarización social y política, las violencias, la inequidad y a fuertes impedimentos para la movilidad social ascendente, en el contexto de destino dichas experiencias estuvieron relacionadas con el estigma del narcotráfico, las dinámicas de racismo cultural, la discriminación por escaso manejo del inglés y por la ausencia de un estatus migratorio legal. Por último, el artículo aborda la participación y la movilización (principalmente a nivel informal y colectivo) de los migrantes en relación con su búsqueda de reconocimiento social.
Changes in expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells during early pregnancy
Authors: YANG Ling , WANG Yongxiang , MA Xingshu , WANG Songping , ZHANG Leying
Published: September 2015

Conceptus-derived signals are involved in the maternal systemic immune regulation through blood circulation and lymph circulation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in cattle. There exists a Th2-biased response in maternal uterus during early pregnancy in cattle. However, it is unclear that the changes in expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in PBMC during early pregnancy in cows. At present study, the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in PBMC were explored at day 18 non-pregnant cows, day 18 and day 30 pregnant cows. Our results showed that IFN-?, was attenuated in PBMC, but TNF-a and IL-4 in PBMC were up-regulated during early pregnancy in cows. However, the member of the Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13, was augmented in day 30 pregnant PBMC. In conclusion, there existed a Th2-biased response in PBMC during early pregnancy, which was essential for successful pregnancy in cattle.
Voluntary Intake and Palatability Indices of Pedi Goats fed Different Levels of Acacia karroo Leaf Meal by Cafeteria Method
Authors: Brown David , Ng'ambi Jones W. , Norris David
Published: September 2015

A study was conducted to determine preference intake and relative palatability indices of tanniniferous Acacia karroo fed to 5 growing male Pedi goats with an average body weight of 19.81 ± 1.83kg. Five feeding troughs were provided to each goat and each animal was exposed to all the experimental diets. A cafeteria feeding approach was used, thus, permitting goats free access to the diet of their choice. Acacia karroo (K) was offered in a mixture with Setaria verticillata (S) hay at five different levels: Diet 1: S80K20, Diet 2: S75K25, Diet 3: S70K30, Diet 4: S60K40 and Diet 5: S50K50. The daily relative palatability indexes (RPI) obtained for each diet were subjected to analysis of variance with feeds as treatments and individual animals as replicates in a completely randomized design. Significant differences (P Diet 4> Diet 3> Diet 2> Diet 1. Diet 5 appeared to be the most preferred by goats with an RPI of 96.91%. Palatability indices were positively and significantly (Pand tannin contents. Results of this study indicate that tannin-rich Acacia karroo leaves when fed in a mixed diet can influence preference and intake by Pedi goats. Palatability studies could be used in designing supplemental feeding programs for ruminant livestock in the tropics.
Effects of different doses of probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the duodenal mucosa in rabbits
Authors: Seyidoglu Nilay , Peker Sabire
Published: September 2015

Probiotics and their components have been used to improve growth performance and immunity, as well as intestinal health. This study evaluated the effect of different doses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the morphological properties of duodenums of rabbits. Twenty 6-7 weeks old male New Zealand White Rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups for 90 days. The first group (control group) received the basal diet, the second group received basal diet supplemented with S.cerevisiae at a level of 2g/kg of feed, and the third group was fed with S.cerevisiae live yeast culture added at 4.0 g/kg. At the end of the experiment duodenum segments were taken, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histological examination. In this study, the total thickness of the mucosa, the height of the villi and depth of the crypts and depth of the glands of the duodenum were found to be longer with the increased yeast doses. However, there was no significant difference among the villus crypt ratio of the groups. In conclusion, the total thickness of the mucosa, villus heights, crypt depths and gland depths were increased significantly in both of the yeast groups of rabbits. Therefore, it may be proposed that administration of S.cerevisiae in either low or high doses may be used for intestinal health.
Blood clotting response test for detecting resistance to second generation anticoagulant bromadiolone in house rat (Rattus rattus)
Authors: Garg Nancy , Singla Neena
Published: September 2015

Blood clotting response (BCR) test is a faster method with fewer ethical constraints than feed-testing and is widely used to monitor resistance. The second-generation anticoagulant, bromadiolone is being used to control rodents all over India for the last several years. To investigate whether its use has resulted in development of resistance in house rat, Rattus rattus, BCR test was standardized. Plasma samples of 15 rats of both the sexes were pooled separately and diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4). Ten different dilutions of plasma i.e. 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100% were tested for Prothrombin Time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR) using rabbit brain thromboplastin reagent in coagulation analyzer. Time to clotting was converted into percent clotting activity (PCA) relative to plasma dilutions, to plot a standard curve. The PT of 15.7 and 17.6 sec for 100% plasma corresponded to INR of 0.8 and 0.9 in male and female rats, respectively. PCA of 22.3% corresponded with PT and INR of 70.3 sec and 3.8, respectively in male rats and PCA of 27.6% corresponded with PT and INR of 63.6 sec and 3.5, respectively in female rats. Data for PT and INR and standard curve for PCA vs PT prepared during present study can be further used to determine current status of bromadiolone resistance in R. rattus populations based on discriminating dose of bromadiolone.