bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissolved organic matter composition and photoreactivity in prairie lakes of the U.S. Great Plains
Authors: Osburn Christopher L. , Wigdahl Courtney R. , Fritz Sherilyn C. , Saros Jasmine E.
Published: October 2011

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) of 27 prairie saline lake ecosystems was investigated in the Northern and Central Great Plains of the United States using absorbance, fluorescence, lignin concentration, and stable C isotope values. The majority of variation in DOM fluorescence among lakes was due to humic (peak C) and microbially formed (peak M) fluorescent components, which appear to be derived from autochthonous primary production. Strong correlations between peak M and nutrients allow us to model total phosphorus (TP) concentration using peak M fluorescence and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption. The rate of primary production (PP) was positively correlated with peak M fluorescence and negatively with lignin concentration. Lignin phenol yields in the DOM were generally smaller than those of most freshwater systems. δ13C values of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from −25.0‰ to −20.1‰ and were generally enriched relative to typical freshwaters (ca. −27‰). Terrestrial DOM is degraded in prairie lakes, spanning a gradient from mixotrophic to eutrophic, as determined by a color–nutrient model. The photodegradation of autochthonous DOM was significant: CO2 fluxes from these prairie lakes, modeled from peak M fluorescence, ranged from 5 to 228 mmol C m−2 d−1 (median, 37 mmol C m−2 d−1) and was similar to community respiration estimated from protein fluorescence (median, 50 mmol C m−2 d−1). The combined estimates were about 50% of the global mean total C release previously reported for saline lake ecosystems. The implication of these new results is that the global C release from saline lake ecosystems is likely underestimated.
Distinct bacterial groups contribute to carbon cycling during a naturally iron fertilized phytoplankton bloom in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Obernosterer Ingrid , Catala Philippe , Lebaron Philippe , West Nyree J.
Published: October 2011

We investigated the contribution of distinct bacterial groups to bulk abundance and leucine incorporation during a spring phytoplankton bloom induced by natural iron fertilization in the Southern Ocean (Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau Compared Study, January–February 2005). Oligonucleotide probes were designed to target five operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a narrow phylogenetic level (≥ 99% identity of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid [rRNA] gene). During the peak of the phytoplankton bloom, the Roseobacter groups NAC11‐7 and RCA, the OTUs SAR92 belonging to Gammaproteobacteria, and the Bacteroidetes OTU Agg58 dominated bulk abundance and leucine incorporation. These four OTUs disappeared with the decline of the bloom, when the cosmopolitan groups SAR11 and SAR86 became dominant. In high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll waters and at a site characterized by transient high phytoplankton biomass, the SAR11 and SAR86 clusters and a Polaribacter OTU dominated abundance and leucine incorporation in the upper 100 m. Our results demonstrate that a few distinct bacterial groups identified on a relatively narrow phylogenetic level account for 47% to 82% of bulk abundance and leucine incorporation during the spring phytoplankton bloom in the naturally fertilized region off Kerguelen. The major role of these bacterial groups in carbon cycling in response to natural iron fertilization in the Southern Ocean suggests they could play an important role in the coupling of the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and iron.
Suppression of the 2010 Alexandrium fundyense bloom by changes in physical, biological, and chemical properties of the Gulf of Maine
Authors: McGillicuddy D. J., Jr. , Townsend D. W. , He R. , Keafer B. A. , Kleindinst J. L. , Li Y. , Manning J. P. , Mountain D. G. , Thomas M. A. , Anderson D. M.
Published: October 2011

For the period 2005–2009, the abundance of resting cysts in bottom sediments from the preceding autumn was a first‐order predictor of the overall severity of spring–summer blooms of Alexandrium fundyense in the western Gulf of Maine and southern New England. Cyst abundance off mid‐coast Maine was significantly higher in autumn 2009 than it was preceding a major regional bloom in 2005. A seasonal ensemble forecast was computed using a range of forcing conditions for the period 2004–2009, suggesting that a large bloom was likely in the western Gulf of Maine in 2010. This did not materialize, perhaps because environmental conditions in spring–summer 2010 were not favorable for growth of A. fundyense. Water mass anomalies indicate a regional‐scale change in circulation with direct influence on A. fundyense's niche. Specifically, near‐surface waters were warmer, fresher, more stratified, and had lower nutrients than during the period of observations used to construct the ensemble forecast. Moreover, a weaker‐than‐normal coastal current lessened A. fundyense transport into the western Gulf of Maine and Massachusetts Bay. Satellite ocean color observations indicate the 2010 spring phytoplankton bloom was more intense than usual. Early season nutrient depletion may have caused a temporal mismatch with A. fundyense's endogenous clock that regulates the timing of cyst germination. These findings highlight the difficulties of ecological forecasting in a changing oceanographic environment, and underscore the need for a sustained observational network to drive such forecasts.
Technical Note: Simple analytical relationships between Ångström coefficients of aerosol extinction, scattering, absorption, and single scattering albedo
Authors: Moosmüller H. , Chakrabarty R. K.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Ångström coefficients are commonly used to parameterize the slow wavelength dependence of aerosol scattering, absorption, and extinction coefficients and single scattering albedo. Here we introduce simple analytical relationships between these coefficients that establish a framework for intercomparison between theory and experimental results from different instruments and platforms and allow for closure studies and improved physical understanding.
On the segregation of chemical species in a clear boundary layer over heterogeneous land surfaces
Authors: Ouwersloot H. G. , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J. , van Heerwaarden C. C. , Ganzeveld L. N. , Krol M. C. , Lelieveld J.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Using a Large-Eddy Simulation model, we have systematically studied the inability of boundary layer turbulence to efficiently mix reactive species. This creates regions where the species are accumulated in a correlated or anti-correlated way, thereby modifying the mean reactivity. We quantify this modification by the intensity of segregation, IS, and analyse the driving mechanisms: heterogeneity of the surface moisture and heat fluxes, various background wind patterns and non-uniform isoprene emissions. The heterogeneous surface conditions are characterized by cool and wet forested patches with high isoprene emissions, alternated with warm and dry patches that represents pasture with relatively low isoprene emissions. For typical conditions in the Amazon rain forest, applying homogeneous surface forcings and in the absence of free tropospheric NOx, the isoprene-OH reaction rate is altered by less than 10%. This is substantially smaller than the previously assumed IS of 50% in recent large-scale model analyses of tropical rain forest chemistry. Spatial heterogeneous surface emissions enhance the segregation of species, leading to alterations of the chemical reaction rates up to 20%. The intensities of segregation are enhanced when the background wind direction is parallel to the borders between the patches and reduced in the case of a perpendicular wind direction. The effects of segregation on trace gas concentrations vary per species. For the highly reactive OH, the differences in concentration averaged over the boundary layer are less than 2% compared to homogeneous surface conditions, while the isoprene concentration is increased by as much as 12% due to the reduced chemical reaction rates. These processes take place at the sub-grid scale of chemistry transport models and therefore need to be parameterized.
A fast and precise chemiluminescence ozone detector for eddy flux and airborne application
Authors: Zahn A. , Weppner J. , Widmann H. , Schlote-Holubek K. , Burger B. , Kühner T. , Franke H.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. A commercially available dry chemiluminescence (CI) instrument for fast and precise measurement of ozone (O3) is specified. The sensitivity is ~9000 counts s−1 per ppbv of ozone. Its precision is entirely determined by the number of photons reaching the detector (being a photomultiplier), i.e. is quantum-noise limited. The relative precision (ΔO3/O3 in %) thus follows Poisson statistics and scales with the square root of the measurement frequency f and with the inverse O3 mixing ratio: ΔO3/O3 ∝ f0.5 · O3−0.5. At typical O3 mixing ratios between 10 and 100 ppbv, the precision is 0.3–1.0% at f = 10 Hz. The maximum measurement frequency is 50 Hz. The mechanical and electronic set-up as well as the instrument performance is described. Recommendations on the adequate inlet tube configuration (inlet tube length, sampling flow) and on the way of calibration at stationary ground-based platforms and onboard aircraft are given.
On the characteristics of 150-km echoes observed in the Brazilian longitude sector by the 30 MHz São Luís radar
Authors: Rodrigues F. S. , de Paula E. R. , Chau J. L.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. We present long-overdue details about the intensity and spectral characteristics of 150-km echoes observed by the São Luís radar in Brazil. The São Luís observations show that the echoes usually come from multiple scattering layers that descend in altitude before local noon, and ascend during afternoon hours, similar to what has been found in observations made in other longitude sectors. The layers are usually 3–5 km thick and located, mostly, between 130 and 170 km altitude. The measurements also show variations in echo intensity that are similar to observations made at other equatorial and off-equatorial sites. Analysis of observations made during 2008 shows significant (>37%) monthly occurrence rates for every month. Reduced occurrence rates were observed around March Equinox. We associate this reduction in occurrence rate, however, to a non-geophysical factor. An increase in the daytime sky noise in the months around March Equinox causes a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the echoes, which makes them less distinguishable in our analysis. A higher occurrence of weaker echoes around March Equinox was confirmed by an statistical analysis of the seasonal variation of echo intensities. Strong, long-lasting and, therefore, more noticeable echoing layers, however, were observed between June and early September compared to other months in 2008. Spectral analyses show that most of the echoes have negative mean Doppler shifts indicating upward velocities. The echoes also have narrow spectral widths of only a few m s−1. Finally, we also found that the mean Doppler shift of the observed echoes can vary noticeably with altitude at times. Using spaced antenna measurements we show that this is caused by the wide field-of-view of the radar and the spatial distribution of the scatterers within the radar beam.
Volcanic synchronisation of the EPICA-DC and TALDICE ice cores for the last 42 kyr BP
Authors: Severi M. , Udisti R. , Becagli S. , Stenni B. , Traversi R.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The age scale synchronisation between the Talos Dome and the EPICA Dome C ice cores was carried on through the identification of several common volcanic signatures. This paper describes the rigorous method, using the signature of volcanic sulphate, which was employed for the last 42 kyr of the record. Using this tight stratigraphic link we transferred the EDC age scale to the Talos Dome ice core producing a new age scale for the last 42 kyr. We estimated the discrepancies between the modeled TALDICE-1 age scale and the new one during the studied period, by evaluating the ratio R of the apparent duration of temporal intervals between pairs of isochrones. Except for a very few cases, R ranges between 0.8 and 1.2 corresponding to an uncertainty of up to 20% in the estimate of the time duration in at least one of the two ice cores. At this stage our approach does not allow us unequivocally to find out which of the models is affected by errors, but, taking into account only the historically known volcanic events, we found that discrepancies up to 200 yr appears in the last two millennia in the TALDICE-1 model, while our new age scale shows a much better agreement with the volcanic absolute horizons. Thus, we propose for the Talos Dome ice core a new age scale (covering the whole Holocene) obtained by a direct transfer, via our stratigraphic link, from the EDC modelled age scale.
Recent developments in predictive uncertainty assessment based on the model conditional processor approach
Authors: Coccia G. , Todini E.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The work aims at discussing the role of predictive uncertainty in flood forecasting and flood emergency management, its relevance to improve the decision making process and the techniques to be used for its assessment. Real time flood forecasting requires taking into account predictive uncertainty for a number of reasons. Deterministic hydrological/hydraulic forecasts give useful information about real future events, but their predictions, as usually done in practice, cannot be taken and used as real future occurrences but rather used as pseudo-measurements of future occurrences in order to reduce the uncertainty of decision makers. Predictive Uncertainty (PU) is in fact defined as the probability of occurrence of a future value of a predictand (such as water level, discharge or water volume) conditional upon prior observations and knowledge as well as on all the information we can obtain on that specific future value from model forecasts. When dealing with commensurable quantities, as in the case of floods, PU must be quantified in terms of a probability distribution function which will be used by the emergency managers in their decision process in order to improve the quality and reliability of their decisions. After introducing the concept of PU, the presently available processors are introduced and discussed in terms of their benefits and limitations. In this work the Model Conditional Processor (MCP) has been extended to the possibility of using two joint Truncated Normal Distributions (TNDs), in order to improve adaptation to low and high flows. The paper concludes by showing the results of the application of the MCP on two case studies, the Po river in Italy and the Baron Fork river, OK, USA. In the Po river case the data provided by the Civil Protection of the Emilia Romagna region have been used to implement an operational example, where the predicted variable is the observed water level. In the Baron Fork River example, the data set provided by the NOAA's National Weather Service, within the DMIP 2 Project, allowed two physically based models, the TOPKAPI model and TETIS model, to be calibrated and a data driven model to be implemented using the Artificial Neural Network. The three model forecasts have been combined with the aim of reducing the PU and improving the probabilistic forecast taking advantage of the different capabilities of each model approach.
Floodplain conflicts: regulation and negotiation
Authors: Pardoe J. , Penning-Rowsell E. , Tunstall S.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. In the continuing shift from engineered solutions towards more holistic methods of managing flood risk, spatial planning has become the primary focus of a conflict between land and water, water and people. In attempting to strike a balance between making space for water and making space for people, compromises are required. Through five case studies in the UK, this paper analyses the effectiveness of Planning Policy Statement 25 (PPS 25) and the processes of negotiation that it promotes. This assessment allows us to draw conclusions on the nature of the compromises this kind of negotiation can achieve and the implications of this for flood risk management. What emerges is that the beneficial impacts of decisions to develop floodplain areas are given a proper hearing and sensible conditions imposed, rather than arguments to prevent such development remaining unchallenged.
Towards an improved description of ocean uncertainties: effect of local anamorphic transformations on spatial correlations
Authors: Brankart J.-M. , Testut C.-E. , Béal D. , Doron M. , Fontana C. , Meinvielle M. , Brasseur P. , Verron J.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to investigate if the description of ocean uncertainties can be significantly improved by applying a local anamorphic transformation to each model variable, and by making the assumption of joint Gaussianity for the transformed variables, rather than for the original variables. For that purpose, it is first argued that a significant improvement can already be obtained by deriving the local transformations from a simple histogram description of the marginal distributions. Two distinctive advantages of this solution for large size applications are the conciseness and the numerical efficiency of the description. Second, various oceanographic examples are used to evaluate the effect of the resulting piecewise linear local anamorphic transformations on the spatial correlation structure. These examples include (i) stochastic ensemble descriptions of the effect of atmospheric uncertainties on the ocean mixed layer, and of wind uncertainties or parameter uncertainties on the ecosystem, and (ii) non-stochastic ensemble descriptions of forecast uncertainties in current sea ice and ecosystem pre-operational developments. The results indicate that (i) the transformation is accurate enough to faithfully preserve the correlation structure if the joint distribution is already close to Gaussian, and (ii) the transformation has the general tendency of increasing the correlation radius as soon as the spatial dependence between random variables becomes nonlinear, with the important consequence of reducing the number of degrees of freedom in the uncertainties, and thus increasing the benefit that can be expected from a given observation network.
Novel FBN1 Mutation Causes Marfan Syndrome with Bilateral Ectopia Lentis and Refractory Glaucoma
Authors: Milla Elena , Leszczynska Ania , Rey Amanda , Navarro Manuel , Larena Concepcion
Published: October 2011

Purpose

We report the case of a 41-year-old woman with bilateral lens subluxation and medically uncontrolled glaucoma in whom Marfan syndrome (MFS) was diagnosed.

Methods

The patient underwent complete clinical eye and systemic examinations and blood samples were drawn for mutational screening of fibrillin 1 gene (FBN1).

Results

The patient was diagnosed with MFS on a clinical basis and according to the Ghent criteria and the genetic testing revealed a novel heterozygous mutation in the FBN1 gene. The patient required pars plana vitrectomy with lensectomy and Ahmed valve implantation in the vitreous cavity to control her severe glaucoma.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of a bilateral lens luxation must be followed by complete systemic examination and genetic analysis of the FBN1 gene in order to discard MFS due to its severe systemic complications. Frequently, the condition causes an aggressive secondary glaucoma that requires surgical treatment with lensectomy, vitrectomy, and drainage device implantation in order to avoid its devastating progression toward glaucomatous optic atrophy.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography in Gluteal Tendon Tears -A Systematic Review
Authors: Westacott Daniel J. , Minns Jonathon I. , Foguet Pedro
Published: October 2011

Gluteal tendon tears are one of the many pathologies causing pain around the greater trochanter that are often labelled as trochanteric bursitis. We systematically reviewed the peer-reviewed literature to establish the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gluteal tendon tears in patients with persistent lateral hip pain or Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS).

7 studies met the inclusion criteria, comparing either imaging modality with a reference standard of surgical findings. Included studies were assessed for methodological quality using the QUADAS checklist. MRI had sensitivity of 33–100%, specificity of 92–100%, positive predictive value of 71–100% and negative predictive value of 50%. False-positives were common. High signal located superior to the trochanter had a stronger association with tears. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 79–100% and positive predictive value of 95–100%.

The amount and quality of literature on the subject is limited and further well-designed studies are required to establish the optimum diagnostic strategy in this condition. Ultrasonography may prove to be the investigation of choice, despite requiring a skilled practitioner. The orthopaedic surgeon should liaise with an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist to best investigate and diagnose gluteal tendon tears in the clinical picture of GTPS.
Prophylactic Decompression and Bone Grafting for Small Asymptomatic Osteonecrotic Lesions of the Femoral Head
Authors: Hsu Jason E. , Wihbey Tristan , Shah Roshan P. , Garino Jonathan P. , Lee Gwo-Chin
Published: October 2011

Core decompression and grafting has been shown to relieve pain and possibly prevent disease progression in patients with symptomatic osteonecrosis (ON) of the hip. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the management of the asymptomatic hip with femoral head ON. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of core decompression in the asymptomatic hip with ON. We prospectively followed 37 consecutive patients with MRI confirmed ON of the hips that underwent simultaneous bilateral core decompression and bone grafting. Prior to surgery, only one of the hips was symptomatic, and the main indication for surgical decompression of the asymptomatic side was to prevent disease progression. No hip on the asymptomatic side was staged greater than Steinberg IIB classification. Serial radiographs were followed for evidence of disease progression. Six patients were lost to follow-up prior to two years. The remaining 31 patients were followed for an average of 32.6 months. There were 20 men and 11 women with an average age of 40.6 years. Ten patients with asymptomatic hips at the time of surgical decompression had disease progression requiring THA. The mean time to arthroplasty in this group was 15.1 months. Meanwhile, 13 symptomatic hips at the initial surgery progressed to THA at an average of 12.9 months following core decompression. The proportion of hips requiring conversion to THA was similar between the two groups (p=0.30), and the rate of progression to THA was not significantly faster compared to patients with symptomatic hips who subsequently required THA (p=0.18). Core decompression for asymptomatic ON of the femoral head is unpredictable. Based on our results, asymptomatic ON lesions particularly in the setting of bilateral disease should be closely observed and surgery reserved for when symptoms arise.
The Politics of innocence: Soviet and Post-Soviet Animation on Folklore topics
Authors: kononenko Natalie
Published: October 2011

Disney did not have a monopoly on using animated folklore films for marketing purposes. During the heyday of Soviet animation in the 1970s and 1980s, cartoons that seemed to follow folktales were altered slightly to convey messages in keeping with Soviet ideology. They not only criticized capitalism, but also depicted women as sexless and selfsacrificing, and urged cooperation, neighborliness, and non violence. National minorities within the Soviet Union were portrayed as backward and in need of the guidance of Russia, the leading Soviet republic. Ukrainians, for example, were shown as cute and quaint, living in a bucolic land. Colorful clothing and tasty foods were attributed to them, as well as the ability to sing and dance. However, they were also seen as a people who believed in spirits and did not un derstand modern life. The fall of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence have not changed the situation, at least when it comes to animation produced in Russia. Folklore films still show Ukrainians as bucolic and musical. Women still sacrifice for the sake of others. Any animation critical of Russia, even if based on folklore, quickly disappears from the market.
Medicaid Policy Change and Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: Rodriguez Maria I. , Meath Thomas H. A. , Watson Kelsey , Daly Ashley , McConnell K. John , Kim Hyunjee
Published: June 2024

Importance

Improving access to the choice of postpartum contraceptive methods is a national public health priority, and the need is particularly acute within the Medicaid population. One strategy to ensure individuals have access to the full range of contraceptive methods is the provision of a method prior to hospital discharge following a birth episode. Beginning in 2016, some states changed their Medicaid billing policy, allowing separate reimbursement for intrauterine devices and contraceptive implants to increase the provision of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods immediately postpartum (IPP).

Objective

To assess the association of a change in Medicaid billing policy with use of IPP LARC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The cohort study of postpartum Medicaid recipients in 9 treatment and 6 comparison states was conducted from January 2016 to October 2019. Data were analyzed from August 2023 to January 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was use of IPP LARC.

Results

The final sample included 1 378 885 delivery encounters for 1 197 287 Medicaid enrollees occurring in 15 states. Mean age of beneficiaries at delivery was 27 years. The IPP LARC billing policy was associated with a mean increase of 0.74 percentage points (95% CI, 0.30-1.18 percentage points) in the immediate receipt of IPP LARC, with a prepolicy baseline rate of 0.54%. The IPP LARC billing policy was also associated with an overall increase of 1.48 percentage points (95% CI, 0.43-2.73 percentage points) in LARC use by 60 days post partum.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, changing Medicaid billing policy to allow for separate reimbursement of LARC devices from the global fee was associated with increased use of IPP LARC, suggesting that this may be a strategy to improve access to the full range of postpartum contraceptive methods.
Beneficiary Experience of Care by Level of Integration in Dual Eligible Special Needs Plans
Authors: Mellor Jennifer M. , Cunningham Peter J. , Britton Erin , Behrens Matthew , Urmi Atika Farzana , Vega Valentina
Published: June 2024

Importance

Dual Eligible Special Needs Plans (D-SNPs) are private managed care plans designed to promote Medicare and Medicaid integration for full-benefit, dually eligible beneficiaries. Currently, the highest level of D-SNP integration occurs in plans with exclusively aligned enrollment (EAE).

Objective

To compare patient experience of care, out-of-pocket spending, and satisfaction among dually enrolled Medicaid beneficiaries in D-SNPs with EAE, those in D-SNPs without EAE, and those with traditional Medicare.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study included respondents to a mail survey fielded to a stratified random sample of full-benefit, community-dwelling, dual-eligible Medicaid beneficiaries who qualified for receipt of home and community-based services in the Virginia Medicaid Commonwealth Coordinated Care Plus program between March and October 2022.

Exposure

Enrollment in a D-SNP with EAE or a D-SNP without EAE vs traditional Medicare.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were self-reported measures of access and delays in receiving plan approvals, out-of-pocket spending, and satisfaction with health plans’ customer service and choice of primary care and specialist physicians.

Results

Of 7200 surveys sent, 2226 were completed (response rate, 30.9%). The analytic sample consisted of 1913 Medicaid beneficiaries with nonmissing data on covariates (mean [SD] age, 70.8 [15.6] years; 1367 [71.5%] female). Of these, 583 (30.5%) were enrolled in D-SNPs with EAE, 757 (39.6%) in D-SNPs without EAE, and 573 (30.0%) in traditional Medicare. Compared with respondents enrolled in D-SNPs without EAE, those in D-SNPs with the highest level of integration (EAE) were 6.77 percentage points (95% CI, 8.81-12.66 percentage points) more likely to report being treated with courtesy and respect and 5.83 percentage points (95% CI, 0.21-11.46 percentage points) more likely to know who to call when they had a health problem. No statistically significant differences were found between members in either type of D-SNP and between those in D-SNPs and traditional Medicare in terms of their difficulty accessing care, delays in care, and satisfaction with care coordination and physician choice.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found some benefits of integrating administrative processes under Medicare and Medicaid but suggests that care coordination and access improvements under full integration require additional time and/or efforts to achieve.
New Federal Program to Address Child Hunger Begins This Summer
Authors: Bleich Sara N. , Orona Kaitlyn Camacho , Turner Lindsey
Published: June 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses a new summer nutrition program to address child hunger, the evidence on the effects of this and other summer programs, the role for health professionals, and the policy considerations for participation by individual states.
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Using 3 Definitions Among Women in the US and Canada
Authors: Barton James C. , Wiener Howard W. , Barton Jackson C. , Acton Ronald T.
Published: June 2024

Importance

The prevalence of iron deficiency varies widely according to how it is defined.

Objective

To compare the prevalence of iron deficiency among women using 3 different definitions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The cross-sectional Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study (HEIRS; 2000-2006) evaluated the prevalence, determinants, and outcomes of hemochromatosis and other iron-related disorders. Multiethnic, primary care–based screening (2001-2003) was performed at 5 field centers (4 in the US and 1 in Canada). Volunteer women aged 25 years and older were recruited at primary care venues associated with the field centers. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Measures included transferrin saturation, serum ferritin level, and self-reported age, pregnancy, and race and ethnicity. Three iron deficiency definitions were studied: (1) combined transferrin saturation less than 10% and serum ferritin less than 15 ng/mL (HEIRS), (2) serum ferritin less than 15 ng/mL (World Health Organization [WHO]), and (3) serum ferritin less than 25 ng/mL (a threshold for iron-deficient erythropoiesis [IDE]).

Results

Among 62 685 women (mean [SD] age, 49.58 [14.27] years), 1957 women (3.12%) had iron deficiency according to the HEIRS definition, 4659 women (7.43%) had iron deficiency according to the WHO definition, and 9611 women (15.33%) had iron deficiency according to the IDE definition. Among 40 381 women aged 25 to 54 years, 1801 women (4.46%) had iron deficiency according to HEIRS, 4267 women (10.57%) had iron deficiency according to WHO, and 8573 women (21.23%) had iron deficiency according to IDE. Prevalence rates of iron deficiency among 2039 women aged 25 to 44 years who reported pregnancy were 5.44% (111 women) according to HEIRS, 18.05% (368 women) according to WHO, and 36.10% (736 women) according to IDE. Iron deficiency prevalence by the 3 respective definitions increased significantly in each racial and ethnic group and was significantly higher among Black and Hispanic participants than Asian and White participants. The relative iron deficiency prevalence among the 62 685 women increased 2.4-fold (95% CI, 2.3-2.5; P < .001) using the WHO definition and increased 4.9-fold (95% CI, 4.7-5.2; P < .001) using the IDE definition.

Conclusions and Relevance

Three definitions of iron deficiency were associated with significantly different prevalence of iron deficiency in women, regardless of self-reported age, pregnancy, or race and ethnicity. Using higher serum ferritin thresholds to define iron deficiency could lead to diagnosis and treatment of more women with iron deficiency and greater reduction of related morbidity.
Naloxone ineffective on medetomidine, vet drug
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

It's the kind of thing that terrifies first responders, public health officials, and friends and family members of drug users: a street drug that causes overdoses that can't be reversed by naloxone.
Childhood maltreatment linked to subsequent mental disorders, substance use and suicides
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

A recent study looked at the causal connection between childhood maltreatment and mental health, using a meta‐analysis of quasi‐experimental studies. The study, conducted in Australia, accounted for genetic and environmental confounding. The “population attributable fraction” was derived from combining the prevalence of maltreatment with the meta‐analysis. Maltreatment was defined as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or neglect before the age of 18. The results found that childhood maltreatment accounted for 21% of depression and 41% of suicide attempts. The study, “Burden of mental disorders and suicide attributable to childhood maltreatment,” was published online May 8 in JAMA Psychiatry, by L. Grummit and colleagues, concluded that more than 1.8 million cases of depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders could be prevented if there were no childhood maltreatment.
Vaping posts on Instagram violate federal and online policies, research finds
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

Vaping and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are “advertised” on Instagram via influencer posts in violation of federal law and Instagram policies, new research has found. “Youth exposure to content about e‐cigarettes and other ENDS must be curtailed by effective age restrictions and diligent enforcement of regulatory policies,” said Jessica Tran, who presented the results of the work she and her colleagues did in a poster last spring at the American Psychiatric Association annual meeting. “Even more importantly, ENDS‐related content must evolve to educate consumers about the potential health effects of e‐cigarette usage.” The violations include omitting age‐restricted content tags on Instagram, and neglecting to address the addictive potential of these products. Previous studies have found that social media exposure to e‐cigarettes is correlated to increased use. For the study, the researchers examined ENDS‐related Instagram posts in December 2023, using a simulated 14‐year‐old female's profile to search hashtags such as #vapelife, #vapecommunity, and #ecig. Of the 51 posts reviewed, 34 portrayed e‐cigarette use in a positive light; only 12 took a negative tone towards ENDS. Two‐thirds did not contain warnings regarding age restriction of the addictive potential of nicotine, which is in violation of FDA regulations. Thirty of the posts were created for promotional purposes. In addition to Tran, study authors included Lily Nguyen and Joseph Shotwell, M.D., of the University of Texas Medical Branch John Sealy School of Medicine in Galveston.
Voltage‐Driven Fluorine Motion for Novel Organic Spintronic Memristor
Authors: Nachawaty Abir , Chen Tongxin , Ibrahim Fatima , Wang Yuchen , Hao Yafei , Dalla Francesca Kevin , Tyagi Priyanka , Da Costa Antonio , Ferri Anthony , Liu Chuanchuan , Li Xiaoguang , Chshiev Mairbek , Migot Sylvie , Badie Laurent , Jahjah Walaa , Desfeux Rachel , Le Breton Jean‐Christophe , Schieffer Philippe , Le Pottier Arnaud , Gries Thomas , Devaux Xavier , Lu Yuan
Published: June 2024

Integrating tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in memristors is a long‐term aspiration because it allows to realize multifunctional devices, such as multi‐state memory and tunable plasticity for synaptic function. However, the reported TMR in different multiferroic tunnel junctions is limited to 100%. This work demonstrates a giant TMR of −266% in La0.6Sr0.4MnO3(LSMO)/poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)/Co memristor with thin organic barrier. Different from the ferroelectricity‐based memristors, this work discovers that the voltage‐driven florine (F) motion in the junction generates a huge reversible resistivity change up to 106% with nanosecond (ns) timescale. Removing F from PVDF layer suppresses the dipole field in the tunneling barrier, thereby significantly enhances the TMR. Furthermore, the TMR can be tuned by different polarizing voltage due to the strong modification of spin‐polarization at the LSMO/PVDF interface upon F doping. Combining of high TMR in the organic memristor paves the way to develop high‐performance multifunctional devices for storage and neuromorphic applications.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Jiang Yu‐Kun , Tian Yong‐Le , Feng Jia , Zhang Huan , Wang Lei , Yang Wei‐Ao , Xu Xing‐Dong , Liu Ren‐Rong
Published: June 2024

Inherently chiral calix[4]arenes are an excellent structural scaffold for enantioselective synthesis, chiral recognition, sensing, and circularly polarized luminescence. However, their catalytic enantioselective synthesis remains challenging. Herein, we report an efficient synthesis of inherently chiral calix[4]arene derivatives via cascade enantioselective cyclization and oxidation reactions. The three‐component reaction features a broad substrate scope (33 examples), high efficiency (up to 90 % yield), and excellent enantioselectivity (>95 % ee on average). The potential applications of calix[4]arene derivatives are highlighted by their synthetic transformation and a detailed investigation of their photophysical and chiroptical properties.
Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (XOFs) Based on N⋅⋅⋅Br+⋅⋅⋅N Bonds: Robust Organic Networks Constructed by Fragile Bonds
Authors: Bai Xuguan , Tian Zhennan , Dong Hongqiang , Xia Ning , Zhao Jiahao , Sun Penghao , Gong Guanfei , Wang Jike , Wang Lu , Li Haohu , Chen Shigui
Published: June 2024

Organic frameworks face a trade‐off between the framework stability and the bond dynamics, which necessitates the development of innovative linkages that can generate stable frameworks without hindering efficient synthesis. Although iodine(I)‐based halogen‐bonded organic frameworks (XOFs) have been developed, constructing XOFs based on bromine(I) is desirable yet challenging due to the high sensitivity of bromine(I) species. In this work, we present the inaugural construction of stable bromine(I)‐bridged two‐dimensional (2D) halogen‐bonded organic frameworks, XOF(Br)−TPy−BF4/OTf, based on sensitive [N⋅⋅⋅Br⋅⋅⋅N]+ halogen bonds. The formation of XOF(Br)−TPy−BF4/OTf was monitored by 1H NMR, XPS, IR, SEM, TEM, HR‐TEM, SEAD. Their framework structures were established by the results from PXRD, theoretical simulations and SAXS. More importantly, XOF(Br) displayed excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. They exhibited stable two‐dimensional framework structures in various organic solvents and aqueous media, even over a wide pH range (pH 3–12), while the corresponding model compounds BrPy2BF4/OTf decomposed quickly even in the presence of minimal water. Furthermore, the influence of the counterions were investigated by replacing BF4 with OTf, which improved the stability of XOF(Br). This characteristic enabled XOF(Br) to serve as an efficient oxidizing reagent in aqueous environments, in contrast with the sensitivity of BrPy2BF4/OTf, which performed well only in organic media. This study not only deepens our fundamental understanding of organic frameworks but also opens new avenues for the development and application of multifunctional XOFs.
Sex differences in correlates of suicide attempts in Chinese Han first‐episode and drug‐naïve major depressive disorder with comorbid subclinical hypothyroidism: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tian Xue , Liu Xiao‐En , Bai Fengfeng , Li Meijuan , Qiu Yuying , Jiao Qingyan , Li Jie , Zhang Xiang‐Yang
Published: June 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate sex differences in risk factors for suicide attempts in first‐episode and drug naive (FEDN) major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).

Methods

A total of 1034 FEDN MDD patients with comorbid SCH were enrolled. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale were used to assess patients’ symptoms. Thyroid hormone levels and metabolic parameters were measured.

Results

MDD patients with SCH had a significantly higher risk of suicide attempts than those without SCH (25.4% vs. 12.2%). Logistic regression showed that HAMA score, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels were significantly associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts in both male and female MDD patients comorbid SCH, while low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) was significantly associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts only in male patients, HAMD score and systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts only in female patients.

Conclusion

SCH comorbidities may increase suicide attempts in MDD patients. Our results showed significant sex differences in clinical and metabolic factors associated with suicide attempts among FEDN MDD patients with comorbid SCH, highlighting appropriate sex‐based preventive interventions are needed.
Anatomical evaluation of the superficial medial collateral ligament distal tibial attachment of the knee
Authors: Kikuchi Keishiro , Tabuchi Kosuke , Inoue Seiichi , Yamashita Akihiro , Kinouchi Shotaro , Hashida Ryuki , Iwanaga Joe , Watanabe Koichi , Tubbs R. Shane , Okawa Takahiro , Hiraoka Koji
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the superficial medial collateral ligament distal tibial attachment (sMCL‐dTA) morphologically and morphometrically. Seventeen unpaired formalin‐fixed cadaveric knees were used. The sMCL was divided into anterior and posterior sections in the paracoronal plane along the midline of the sMCL. The distance from the medial edge of the tibial plateau and the joint line to the proximal margin, center, and distal margin of the sMCL‐dTA and the length of the sMCL‐dTA were measured in the anterior section, respectively. The sMCL‐dTA was histologically observed in the posterior section with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The distance from the medial edge of the tibial plateauto the proximal margin, center, and distal margin of the sMCL‐dTA were 38.1 ± 4.2, 49.7 ± 4.4, and 61.5 ± 5.1 mm, respectively. The perpendicular distance from the joint line to the proximal margin, center, and distal margin of the sMCL‐dTA were 36.1 ± 4.0, 47.4 ± 4.2, and 59.1 ± 4.8 mm, respectively. The length of the sMCL‐dTA was 23.6 ± 3.2 mm. Histologically, the sMCL‐dTA was formed by two layers of collagen fibers: the unidirectional fibrous layer and the multidirectional fibrous layer. The respective thicknesses of the two layers both decreased distally. The anatomical location, the length, and the attachment morphology of sMCL‐dTA have been clarified using human cadaveric knees. Anatomical data in the present study contribute to the quality of surgery associated with sMCL‐dTA.
Iminosugar‐Dihydroazulenes as Mutant L444P Glucocerebrosidase Enhancers
Authors: Davighi Maria Giulia , Clemente Francesca , Andreasen Emilie Sperling , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Matassini Camilla , Goti Andrea , Morrone Amelia , Paoli Paolo , Cardona Francesca , Cacciarini Martina
Published: June 2024

A remarkable enhancer of human glucocerebrosidase enzyme (GCase) was identified among a set of dihydroazulene‐tagged iminosugars. An unprecedented 3.9‐fold increase in GCase activity was detected on fibroblasts bearing the homozygous L444P mutation, which is frequently associated with neuronopathic Gaucher forms, and which commonly results refractory to chaperone‐induced refolding.
Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Thioethers to Sulfoxides Mediated by a Carbon Nanotube‐Porphyrin Nanohybrid
Authors: Tchuiteng Kouatchou Joël Armel , Farah Joseph , Malloggi Florent , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric
Published: June 2024

A heterogeneous photocatalyst was assembled through electrostatic immobilization of a cationic porphyrin at the surface of functionalized carbon nanotubes. The supra‐molecular nanohybrid catalyst was valorized in the aerobic photo‐oxidation of sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides. The process operated selectively under visible light, with low catalytic loading, in water as the solvent, and the catalyst was readily recycled and reused.
Electrospun carbon nanofiber‐supported V2O3 with enriched oxygen vacancies as a free‐standing high‐rate anode for an all‐vanadium‐based full battery
Authors: Lai Qi , Yin Bincen , Dou Yu , Zhang Qing , Zhu Yunhai , Yang Yingkui
Published: June 2024

Synergistic regulation of hierarchical nanostructures and defect engineering is effective in accelerating electron and ion transport for metal oxide electrodes. Herein, carbon nanofiber‐supported V2O3 with enriched oxygen vacancies (OV‐V2O3@CNF) was fabricated using the facile electrospinning method, followed by thermal reduction. Differing from the traditional particles embedded within carbon nanofibers or irregularly distributed between carbon nanofibers, the free‐standing OV‐V2O3@CNF allows for V2O3 nanosheets to grow vertically on one‐dimensional (1D) carbon nanofibers, enabling abundant active sites, shortened ion diffusion pathway, continuous electron transport, and robust structural stability. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculations confirmed that the oxygen vacancies can promote intrinsic electron conductivity and reduce ion diffusion energy barrier. Consequently, the OV‐V2O3@CNF anode delivers a large reversible capacity of 812 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, superior rate capability (405 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and long cycle life (378 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles). Moreover, an all‐vanadium full battery (V2O5//OV‐V2O3@CNF) was assembled using an OV‐V2O3@CNF anode and a V2O5 cathode, which outputs a working voltage of 2.5 V with high energy density and power density, suggesting promising practical application. This work offers fresh perspectives on constructing hierarchical 1D nanofiber electrodes by combining defect engineering and electrospinning technology.