bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved bathymetry leads to 4000 new seamount predictions in the global ocean
Authors: Yesson Chris , Letessier Tom , Nimmo-Smith Alex , Hosegood Phil , Brierley Andrew , Hardouin Marie , Proud Roland
Published: April 2021

Seamounts are important marine habitats that are hotpots of species diversity. Relatively shallow peaks, increased productivity and offshore locations make seamounts vulnerable to human impact and difficult to protect. Present estimates of seamount numbers vary from anywhere between 10000 to more than 60000. Seamount locations can be estimated by extracting conical shaped features from bathymetry grids. These predicted seamounts are a useful reference for marine researchers and can help direct exploratory surveys. However, these predictions are dependent on the quality of the surveys underpinning the bathymetry. Historically, quality has been patchy, but is improving as mapping efforts step up towards the target of complete seabed coverage by 2030. This study presents an update of seamount predictions based on SRTM30 global bathymetry version 11. This update was prompted by a seamount survey in the British Indian Ocean Territory in 2016, where locations of two putative seamounts were visited. These ‘seamounts’ were targeted based on previous predictions, but these features were not detected during echosounder surveys. An examination of UK hydrographic office navigational (Admiralty) charts for the area showed that the summits of these putative features had soundings reporting “no bottom detected at this depth” where “this depth” was similar to the seabed reported from the bathymetry grids: we suspect that these features likely resulted from an initial misreading of the charts. We show that 15 phantom seamount features, derived from a misinterpretation of no-bottom sounding data, persist in current global bathymetry grids and updated seamount predictions. Overall, we predict 37,889 seamounts, an increase of 4,437 from the previous predictions derived from an older global bathymetry grid (SRTM30 v. 6). This increase is due to greater detail in newer bathymetry grids as acoustic mapping of the seabed expands. The new seamount predictions are available at
https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.921688.
Myostatin Gene as a Genetic Marker for Growth and Carcass Traits in Beef Cattle
Authors: Prihandini Peni Wahyu , Hariyono D N H , Tribudi Y A
Published: April 2021

Growth and carcass traits are of economic importances in livestock breeding, because they affect the profitability of animal production. The phenotypic expression of these traits is controlled by multiple genes (polygenes), such as myostatin (MSTN) gene. This paper aims to discuss the expression, polymorphism and potential application of MSTN gene as a marker-assisted selection (MAS) for growth and carcass traits in beef cattle based on data from published studies. MSTN gene or known as growth and differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, which acts as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass deposition. Several published studies showed that mutations in the MSTN gene can inhibit the activation of myostatin, which leads to an increased muscle mass (hypertrophy). Several MSTN gene polymorphisms were reported to be associated with growth and carcass traits in local cattle in several countries, including Indonesia, namely Bali cattle. Based on several assumptions: 1) there is MTSN gene polymorphisms in a population, 2) there is a significant association between MSTN gene polymorphisms and growth and carcass traits, as reported in several beef cattle populations and 3) those cattle with superior genotype have better growth performances, we expect that there will be improvement in growth performances in the future if those cattle are selected. Understanding MSTN gene polymorphisms would be useful to make strategies for the genetic improvement for growth and carcass traits of local cattle.
The Role of Catechin Compounds and Its Derivates to Mitigate Methane Gas Production in the Rumen Fermentation
Authors: Aprilliza AM Mozart Nuzul , Anggraeny Yenny Nur , Wina Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Enteric fermentation and its corresponding to methane emissions take place in many wild and domestic ruminant species, such as deer, buffalo, cattle, goats, sheep. Ruminant animals are different from other animals in that they have a rumen, a large fore-stomach with a complex microbial environment. A resulting of this process is methane (CH4), which has a global warming potential (25 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2)). Because the digestion process is not 100% efficient, some of the energy intake is lost in the form of methane. Recently, natural plant products, such as tea leaves which are often inexpensive and environmentally safe have been introduced in methane mitigation strategies. Tea leaves have potential for use as an additives in ruminant diets. The adding of catechin 10-40 g/Kg DM were able to declined methane emission 7.4–13.5%. Furthermore, catechin could decrease the methane production. Catechin decreased CH4 production both in vitro and in vivo. Catechin causes direct inhibition of methanogens as well as may act as hydrogen sinks during degradation by rumen microbes via cleavage of ring structures and reductive dehydroxylation reactions. The objective of this paper is to review existing knowledge related to discuss how catechins can act as methane-lowering agents from rumen fermentation on ruminants.
Análisis perceptual del proceso de transferencia de conocimiento en maderas a instituciones en Costa Rica
Authors: Vargas-Fonseca Lupita , Valverde-Otárola Juan Carlos , Camacho-Cornejo Diego , Salas-Garita Cinthya , Berrocal-Jiménez Alexander
Published: April 2021

Se analizó de forma perceptual la transferencia de conocimiento en tecnología de la madera en instituciones educativas estatales de Costa Rica. Se realizaron capacitaciones activo-pasivas en temas de secado, preservado y calidad de la madera, llevando a cabo tres evaluaciones de aprendizaje (precurso, postcurso y 30 semanas luego del postcurso). Con estas se valuó la percepción, conocimiento adquirido y limitaciones de los sistemas empleados. Se obtuvo una gran similitud entre las temáticas de secado y preservado con conocimientos previos superiores al 65 %, aprendizajes del 85 % y retenciones de conocimiento del 75 %; caso contrario se evidenció con la temática de calidad, la cual presentó un conocimiento previo del 20 %, aprendizaje del 83.5 % y retención del 75.6 %; los temas de secado y preservado mostraron la mejor percepción, considerados como simples, aplicables, útiles y entendibles; mientras que el tema de calidad se consideró complicado, complejo, inaplicable pero útil. Finalmente, se encontró que el aprendizaje de secado y preservado debe ser una combinación de 50 %-50 % entre teoría-práctica; mientras la calidad debería ser 25 %-75 % teoría-práctica.
Evaluación de la trayectoria de la restauración en un bosque andino a través de redes mutualistas de dispersión de semillas
Authors: Ramírez Castro Astrid Viviana , Parrado Rosselli Angela
Published: April 2021

Con el fin de evaluar la restauración desde un enfoque funcional se compararon las interacciones de dispersión de semillas por aves entre un bosque restaurado y el de referencia. Se registró la abundancia y riqueza de aves frugívoras y plantas ornitócoras; del mismo modo, se generaron matrices de interacción con base en el consumo de frutos y el solapamiento morfológico entre el tamaño del fruto y la comisura de las aves. Los resultados mostraron que el número de enlaces por especie y anidamiento fueron mayores en el bosque de referencia; mientras que en el restaurado se presentó mayor variación mensual del número de interacciones. Además, la especie más conectada en los dos bosques fue Diglossa cyanea. Se discute que, aunque se restablecieron algunas interacciones, aún hay diferencias entre bosques y por ello se debe hacer gestión forestal como enriquecimiento con plantas ornitócoras que permita aumentar las interacciones y el banco de semillas.
The Connection between MicroRNAs from Visceral Adipose Tissue and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Zubáňová Veronika , Červinková Zuzana , Kučera Otto , Palička Vladimír
Published: April 2021

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the most important causes of liver disease worldwide leading the foreground cause of liver transplantation. Recently miRNAs, small non-coding molecules were identified as an important player in the negative translational regulation of many protein-coding genes involved in hepatic metabolism. Visceral adipose tissue was found to take part in lipid and glucose metabolism and to release many inflammatory mediators that may contribute to progression of NAFLD from simple steatosis to Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis. Since visceral adipose tissue enlargement and dysregulated levels of miRNAs were observed in patients with NAFLD, the aim of this paper is to reflect the current knowledge of the role of miRNAs released from visceral adipose tissue and NAFLD.
Horseshoe Kidney Complicated by Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis in a Young Girl: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Musayev Jamal , Sholan Rashad , Hasanov Adalat , Rustamov Rizvan
Published: April 2021

The cases of horseshoe kidney presented by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are very rare. In this study, the case of XGP developing in HSK in a young female patient was presented due to its rare incidence and the previously reported cases were reviewed, as well. The patient, who has end-stage renal disease and was under treatment, admitted to the clinic for preemptive kidney transplantation. Bilateral open en bloc nephrectomy was performed before the kidney transplantation. The histopathological examination of the specimen was reported as XGP. Eight months later, living-donor organ transplantation was performed to the patient with the kidney obtained from her father. XGP can present as a complication of HSK. Moreover, HSK may rarely be manifested by end-stage renal disease in young patients. In such cases, who would undergo kidney transplantation, it is important to examine the HSK in detail and perform bilateral nephrectomy to prevent complications after transplantation.
Diagnostic Value of Narrow Band Imaging in Visualization of Pathological Lesions in Larynx and Hypopharynx
Authors: Šatanková Jana , Staníková Lucia , Švejdová Anna , Černý Michal , Laco Jan , Chrobok Viktor
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) is an endoscopic optical imaging enhancement technology that improves the contrast of mucosal surface texture and enhances visualization of mucosal and submucosal vasculature. Due to its properties, it can visualize suspected malignant or precancerous lesions earlier than conventional white light endoscopy. The aim of this study was to analyze the benefit of NBI in visualization of precancerous and malignant lesions in preoperative and intraoperative diagnostics and correlation with histopathologic results. Methods: A total of 589 patients with suspicious laryngeal or hypopharyngeal lesion were investigated using conventional white light endoscopy (WLE) and NBI endoscopy with high-definition TV (HDTV NBI) from 10/2013 to 12/2019. Patients were divided into two groups based on pre-operative NBI examination (group A, 345 patients) and intraoperative NBI examination (group B, 244 patients). All suspicious lesions were graded to 5 types of Ni classification and correlated with histopathologic results. The SPSS version 8.0.4 statistical software package was used for statistical analysis. In diagnosing premalignant and malignant lesions sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. Results: The agreement between NBI endoscopy and histopathological analysis in group A was statistically significant (Қ = 0.76, p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 86.2% (95% IS: 65.4–95.2) and specificity of 90.9% (95% IS: 70.6–94.1). Moreover, in group B was proven almost perfect agreement between NBI and histopathological analysis (Қ = 0.8461, p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 84.0% (95% IS: 60.2–92.4) and specificity of 96.0% (95% IS: 87.0–99.2). Conclusions: Based on our results, NBI using the Ni classification has great potential in improving diagnosis of precancerous and malignant lesions and correlates strongly with histopathologic results. It serves as a useful adjunct to white light endoscopy in the diagnosis of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal lesions, especially using HDTV NBI.
Wniosek o zezwolenie na zatrudnienie dziecka – zagadnienia teoretyczne i empiryczne
Authors: Szuba Marzena
Published: April 2021

Wniosek o zezwolenie na podjęcie pracy lub innych zajęć zarobkowych przez dziecko jest instytucją umożliwiającą zgodne z prawem zatrudnienie osoby, która nie ukończyła lat 16. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiona została analiza zagadnień teoretycznych i empirycznych dotyczących wspomnianego wniosku. Najpierw omówiono związanie inspektora pracy dołączonymi do wniosku dokumentami jako najbardziej kontrowersyjną kwestię związaną z analizowaną tematyką. Następnie przeanalizowano oddzielnie każdy z elementów na płaszczyźnie teoretycznej i odniesiono do nich empirycznie uzyskane dane. Na koniec przedstawiono ocenę sposobu uregulowania wymagań, jakie powinien spełniać wniosek o zezwolenie na zatrudnienie dziecka.
Redaktor Naczelny Profesor Maciej Zieliński (1940–2020)
Authors: Smolak Marek
Published: April 2021

Redaktor Naczelny Profesor Maciej Zieliński (1940–2020)
Problematyka wyznaczania rynku właściwego w przypadku rynków wielostronnych na przykładzie platform cyfrowych funkcjonujących w ramach rynków dwustronnych
Authors: Anusz Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

Artykuł analizuje problematykę wyznaczania rynku właściwego na przykładzie przedsiębiorców cyfrowych funkcjonujących w ramach rynków dwustronnych. W artykule zostały przedstawiona charakterystyka rynku dwustronnego, w tym jego elementów charakterystycznych, takich jak efekt sieci i struktura cenowa rynku, które następne zostały przeanalizowane w kontekście trzech aspektów wyznaczania rynku właściwego. Artykuł prowadzi do wniosku, że ujęcie czasowe rynku właściwego powinno być brane pod uwagę zasadniczo każdorazowo w procesie wyznaczania rynku właściwego w odniesieniu do rynków wielostronnych funkcjonujących online. W artykule zwrócono również uwagę na pozycję rynkową przedsiębiorców cyfrowych, określanych mianem gatekeepers, tzn. takich którzy tworzą rynki i kształtują na nich warunki konkurencji, nie zawsze konkurując z podmiotami działającymi na ukształtowanych w ten sposób rynkach. W odniesieniu do tego typu przedsiębiorców artykuł stoi na stanowisku, że w odniesieniu do praktyk rynkowych konstrukcja prawna nadużywania pozycji dominującej wydaje się być wystarczająca, jednak nie można wykluczyć konieczności dalej idących regulacji.
Szacunki mnożników fiskalnego, inwestycyjnego i eksportowego w gospodarce Polski w latach 2005–2020
Authors: Derkacz Arkadiusz
Published: April 2021

Mechanizm mnożników wydatków autonomicznych we współczesnej ekonomii jest jednym z ważniejszych zagadnień. Przyczyną tego jest fakt, iż ujawnia on o ile zmienia się PKB na skutek zmian wydatków autonomicznych. W tym kontekście głównym celem pracy jest próba rewizji metody szacowania mnożników fiskalnego, inwestycyjnego i eksportowego. Ponadto autor podjął próbę oszacowania mnożników wydatków autonomicznych dla polskiej gospodarki w okresie 2005–2020 roku. Dla realizacji celu autor wykorzystuje klasyczną metodę bazującą na teorii łącznego popytu. Ponadto przyjęto podstawowe założenia ekonomicznego modelu keynesowskiego. Główną przyczyną powstania tej pracy jest częste twierdzenie o trudności szacowania poziomów importochłonności zgodnie z przyjętą koncepcją łącznego popytu. Dlatego autor podjął próbę przedstawienia nowej koncepcji podziału importu. To pozwoliło na kalkulację mnożników wydatków autonomicznych w krótkim okresie. Na podstawie opisanej metody autor dokonał szczegółowych szacunków mnożników fiskalnego, inwestycyjnego i eksportowego dla Polski w analizowanych okresie. Okazało się, że zaproponowana metoda podziału importu pozwala na oszacowanie mnożników wydatków autonomicznych w krótkim okresie. Dzięki temu udało się uzyskać obraz zmian wartości mnożników w cyklach kwartalnych. Na tej podstawie wyciągnięto wniosek, iż wydatki rządowe i eksport są tymi wydatkami autonomicznymi, które w polskiej gospodarce najsilniej oddziałują na zmiany PKB w krótkim okresie.
Gospodarka społeczna – nieodkryty potencjał rynku pracy
Authors: Reichel Janusz , Rudnicka Agata , Socha Błażej
Published: April 2021

Celem opracowania była ocena znajomości koncepcji przedsiębiorczości społecznej wśród osób mających rozpocząć aktywność zawodową. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Część pierwsza wprowadza zagadnienie gospodarki społecznej jako elementu gospodarki rynkowej. Część druga poświęcona została zaprezentowaniu wyników badań własnych zrealizowanych z wykorzystaniem ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród studentów trzeciego roku studiów licencjackich i drugiego roku uzupełniających studiów magisterskich z kierunków ekonomicznych oraz pozaekonomicznych studiujących na Uniwersytecie Łódzkim. W ostatniej części przedstawiono rekomendacje związane z potencjałem rozwoju gospodarki społecznej jako miejsca rozwoju zawodowego. Wyniki badań oraz przeprowadzony przegląd piśmiennictwa wskazują na słabą rozpoznawalność przedsiębiorczości społecznej wśród respondentów. W związku z tym powinny zostać podjęte działania mające na celu dotarcie do młodych ludzi z informacjami o możliwościach tkwiących w tym sektorze a także zmianę postrzegania gospodarki społecznej jako elementu rynku pracy i aktywności gospodarczej.
Legitimizing pre-emptive data surveillance under the EU law: the case of the PNR Directive
Authors: Wojnowska-Radzińska Julia
Published: April 2021

The paper analyses the PNR Directive as pre-emptive data surveillance practice. The 2016/681 Directive regulates the use of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data in the EU for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime. It obliges airlines to hand national authorities passengers’ data for all flights from third countries to the EU and vice versa, but Member States can also extend it to ‘intra-EU’ ones (i.e. from an EU country to one or more other EU countries), provided that they notify the EU Commission. Thus, PNR Directive affects all passengers who arrive in the territory of one Member State originating from a third country, or who depart from a Member State’s territory to a non-EU country, including any transfer or transit ﬂights. Using PNR data, the individual is profiled and encoded in terms of degrees of risk.
„Wielka rzecz umieć czekać…”. Analiza sposobów realizacji polityki migracyjnej w doświadczeniach tymczasowych migrantów zarobkowych z Ukrainy w Polsce w perspektywie neoinstytucjonalnej
Authors: Szaban Dorota , Michalak Piotr
Published: April 2021

Sukces wdrożenia polityki migracyjnej zależy od wielu czynników, ale kluczową rolę w tym procesie odgrywają urzędnicy. Decyzje i projekcie migrantów dotyczące dalszego pobytu w Polsce zależą od interpretacji przepisów prawnych, reguł instytucjonalnych i formalnych w tym aspekcie. Celem artykułu jest analiza subiektywnych doświadczeń ukraińskich migrantów zarobkowych z polskimi instytucjami i reprezentującymi ich pracownikami. Nasze rozważania zostały umieszczone w paradygmacie neoinstytucjonalnym. Badanie subiektywnych interpretacji doświadczeń migrantów jest ważnym elementem analizy, który pozwoli nam sprawdzić, jak elementy polityki migracyjnej są wdrażane w praktyce. Biorąc pod uwagę ustalenia wynikające z badania, można założyć, że funkcjonowanie sprawnej administracji nie powinno ograniczać się tylko do zgodności z przepisami prawa, ale przekraczać je w granicach moralnie dozwolonych, w celu zwiększenia skuteczności realizowanych działań w wielu wymiarach.
Enzyme-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from murucizeiro leaves (Byrsonima crassifolia)
Authors: Oliveira Johnatt Allan Rocha , Komesu Andrea , Martins Luiza Helena Da Silva , Rogez Hervé , Pena Rosinelson da Silva
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work was to evaluate the enzyme-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from murucizeiro leaves (Byrsonima crassifolia) employing response surface methodology (RSM), in order to determine the best extraction conditions. The chemical composition of the leaves and characteristics of the enzymes were determined. The independent variables were temperature (19 to 70°C), pH (2.4 to 7.5) and reaction time (19 to 220 minutes). A conventional and optimized triple extraction with organic solvents was used as control. As result to solvent extraction was observed 73.28 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g-1 DM, while under the best condition for enzyme-assisted extraction (temperature: 60°C; pH: 4.5; and time: 220 min), the concentration was 90.65 mg GAE g-1. The independent variables significant were: temperature, pH and log time at the linear level and temperature at the quadratic level. A similar methodology could be encouraged for other natural products rich in phenolic compounds.
Survival, growth and regeneration of forest species in mining areas in the Eastern Amazonia
Authors: Martins Walmer Bruno Rocha , Barros Welton dos Santos , Dionisio Luiz Fernandes Silva , Bezerra Talita Godinho , Santos Mario Lima dos , Ferreira Gracialda Costa , Barbosa Victor Moreira , Oliveira Francisco de Assis
Published: April 2021

Planting forest saplings is the most usual method for restoring areas degraded by mining. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the survival growth of planted forest species and spontaneous regeneration in post-bauxite mining areas. For this purpose, we sampled plots in recovery areas with ages ranging from five to nine years, in which the establishment, recruitment, mean annual increase in diameter and total height of the species were evaluated. The species were further classified for conservation status and origin. Of the 156 species found, 18 presented less than 25% of survival and were therefore not recommended for use in the areas, while another 22 planted species showed more than 55% survival, indicating that they can be used. Five species were registered with some threat level, another nine species were registered as exotic to Brazil and four to the Amazon. In general, 35 species were classified as suitable for planting, with an acceptable mortality rate and satisfactory growth. Thus, it was possible to select those most suitable for planting the post mining area through an evaluation of the survival rate and growth of the species.
Initial development of watermelon in fuction of substrates and irrigation with saline water
Authors: Carreiro Daniel de Almeida , Silva Igor Marcos Almeida da , Lobo Jackson Teixeira , Lino Jaynne de Oliveira Siqueira , Fatima Reynaldo Teodoro de , Sanches Luciana Guimarães , Santos Alana Juliete da Silva , Mudo Laiane Eugênia Delmondes
Published: April 2021

We evaluated the initial development of watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet seedlings grown in different organic substrates and electrical conductivity of irrigation water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse between January and March of 2017. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with factorial arrangement 3 x 5. The treatments were combinations of three substrates: soil + bovine manure (SBM) (1:1); soil + sheep manure (SSM) (1:1) and commercial substrate Basaplant® (CS), and five electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECiw): C1 – 0.3 dS m-1; C2 – 1.5 dS m-1; C3 – 2.7 dS m-1; C4 – 3.9 dS m-1 and C5 – 5.1 dS m-1. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, root fresh mass, stem fresh mass, leaf fresh mass, root dry mass, stem dry mass, and leaf dry mass were evaluated at 37 days after sowing (DAS). The interaction between substrate x ECiw significantly affected the variables plant height, number of leaves, stem fresh mass and leaf fresh mass; all the analyzed variables were affected by substrate factor, while plant height, number of leaves, root dry mass, stem dry mass, and leaf dry mass were affected by ECiw. It is possible to produce watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet seedlings using water with electrical conductivity up to 2.86 dS m-1 associated with commercial substrate and up to 2.67 dS m-1 associated with sheep manure. It can be inferred that the use of commercial substrate is more suitable for the production of watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet seedlings.
Validação de um modelo viscoelástico para análise de estruturas de concreto submetidas a cargas de longa duração
Authors: Pinheiro Leandro Candido de Lemos , Real Mauro de Vasconcellos , Magalhães Fábio Costa , Scherer Mailson
Published: April 2021

O concreto de Cimento Portland, por ser o material de construção mais utilizado no mundo, tem o comportamento, das suas mais diversas propriedades, estudado de forma cada vez mais aprofundada. Muitos estudos sobre estruturas de concreto têm sido realizados ao longo das últimas décadas, porém, a consideração dos efeitos decorrentes da aplicação de cargas de longa duração ainda carece de melhor previsão. Os efeitos diferidos são caracterizados por deformações contínuas no elemento de concreto ao longo do tempo, podendo ocorrer devido à retração e à fluência, fenômenos que aumentam a dificuldade de representação do comportamento do material. Neste trabalho é apresentada a validação de um modelo viscoelástico para o concreto, que leva em consideração os efeitos gerados por cargas de longa duração. Os efeitos diferidos foram considerados com base no que foi apresentado no CEB-FIB Model Code 90 adaptado à teoria da solidificação. A validação do modelo é feita através de comparações com resultados experimentais. A reprodução dos experimentos é feita através do Método dos Elementos Finitos utilizando-se o software ANSYS, sendo o modelo representativo do concreto inserido através da rotina USERMAT. Os resultados mostram uma boa capacidade de representação dos resultados experimentais por parte do modelo proposto.
Quality of life in tai chi chuan practitioners in regions of Brazil
Authors: Almeida Júnior Heleno , Karasawa Edgar Koji , Rodrigues Tânia Maria de Andrade , Da Silva Alisson Gomes , Bastos Afrânio de Andrade , De Almeida Marcos Bezerra , De Bragança Martha Maria Viana , Do Nascimento Randeantony da Conceição , Haiachi Marcelo de Castro
Published: April 2021

In Brazil, the supportive scientific evidence along with the increasing Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) popularity has contributed to its current insertion in the complementary integrative practices of the Brazilian Unified Health System. This study aimed to analyze the quality of life in TCC practitioners in several Brazilian cities, to compare the quality of life among cities and between genders, and to investigate if the TCC practice time interferes with the quality of life. The sample consisted of 104 individuals (69 women) who reported regular practice of Yang style TCC at least twice a week for a minimum period of three months. The sample was 50.3 ± 15.4 years old, with practice time of 74.8 ± 50.3 months. We classified the participants as beginners (3-12 months; n = 42), intermediate (12-24 months; n = 17), and advanced (> 24 months; n = 45). The participants answered the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire (Portuguese version) to obtain a measure of quality of life. Based on the results, the practitioners were classified in the SF-36 as “good” and “very good”, with higher scores found in men vs women. Quality of life scores observed were similar among all levels and cities. The health domain that obtained the highest overall score was functional capacity with 89.42 ± 12.21, and the lowest one was the general health status with 66.94 ± 18.08. This is corroborated by international scientific literature, with emphasis on the regular practitioners’ quality of life.
Yeast isolation and identification during on-farm cocoa natural fermentation in a highly producer region in northern Brazil
Authors: Chagas Junior Gilson Celso Albuquerque , Espírito-Santo Julio Cézar Araújo do , Ferreira Nelson Rosa , Marques-da-Silva Silvia Helena , Oliveira Guilherme , Vasconcelos Santelmo , Almeida Silvana de Fátima Oliveira de , Silva Letícia Ribeiro Carvalho , Gobira Rubens Menezes , Figueiredo Hamilton Mendes de , Lopes Alessandra Santos
Published: April 2021

The cocoa seeds from Brazilian Amazon are recognized for the high international market value in addition to the desirable aroma and taste. We aimed to identify yeast cultures in a natural cocoa fermentation process in one of the Amazonian regions of great importance in the cocoa beans market. Natural fermentation was carried out for seven days according to the methodologies of the producer and at 24 h intervals, seed samples were collected and physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed. The contents of lipids, proteins, ash and moisture did not differ (p ≥ 0.05) differently from temperature, pH and total titratable acidity (p ≤ 0.05). We identified three species in the fermentation: Pichia kudriavzevii, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most common being during the process. We can verify the importance of knowing the microbiota active in cocoa fermentation to propose improvements during this process of great economic importance for the Amazon region.
Modelo computacional de predição de dias trabalháveis para semeadura da soja em municípios de Mato Grosso
Authors: Barboza Gabriel Vergilio , Vieira Vitor Alfeu Guedes Moreira , Tieppo Rafael Cesar , Dallacort Rivanildo , Andrea Maria Carolina da Silva
Published: April 2021

Atualmente, na agricultura, a grande competitividade exige que os agricultores elaborem estratégias para maximizar lucros e aumentar a eficiência produtiva. Assim, é fundamental no planejamento que o produtor estime o tempo disponível para realizar suas operações levando em consideração, como fator principal, as variáveis climáticas. Neste trabalho, analisou-se as probabilidades de ocorrência de dias trabalháveis e o número de conjuntos mecanizados necessários para operações de semeadura da soja nos municípios de Diamantino e Sinop do estado do Mato Grosso. Para isso obteve-se dados meteorológicos dos referidos municípios e identificou-se os dias favoráveis a semeadura através dos critérios de precipitação < 5 mm e o armazenamento de água no solo (ARM) entre 40 e 90% da capacidade de água disponível (CAD). Simulou-se o número de dias trabalháveis através de três diferentes critérios, sendo de 40%, 50% e 60% do dia ser favorável a semeadura, em seguida estimou-se o número de conjuntos mecanizados necessários para semeadura em uma determinada área. Para ambos os municípios, os valores da probabilidade do dia ser favorável a semeadura P(F) aumentaram após o início das chuvas. Já a demanda de maquinários variou conforme o critério adotado sendo menor quando se considerou o critério de 40% de P(F).
Análise de parâmetros π-híbridos de um MOSFET com encapsulamento TO-220 sob feixes de raios X para diagnóstico médico
Authors: Monte David Soares , Pereira dos Santos Luiz Antônio
Published: April 2021

Nas últimas décadas o MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) tem sido utilizado como detector de radiação ionizante, principalmente em aplicações dosimétricas em radioterapia. A base do método de funcionamento de tal dispositivo eletrônico em radioterapia consiste em mensurar a variação da tensão de limiar do MOSFET, pois este parâmetro elétrico é proporcional à dose de radiação ionizante depositada no dispositivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um método inovador de medição da dose de radiação ionizante por meio da medição da variação de alguns parâmetros π-híbridos de um MOSFET. Foram analisados apenas transistores com encapsulamento TO-220 e dois tipos de polaridades distintas: canal n e canal p. Os dispositivos foram submetidos aos feixes de raios X cuja energia está na faixa aplicada ao diagnóstico médico. Os resultados mostraram que os parâmetros π-híbridos transcondutância e uma capacitância variam com a dose acumulada de radiação até o limite de 100 Gy.
A Democratization Model for East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Yap O. Fiona
Published: April 2021

We adopt a game theory approach that considers democratization as the result of strategic interactions between government and nongovernment actors in East and Southeast Asia, and test the implications systematically with data from South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Indonesia. This makes three contributions to scholarship. First, the synergy of a game theory framework based on area studies information draws attention to the conditions under which players’ threats or actions are credible, to support inclusive theory-building. Second, the consistent findings across East and Southeast Asian countries often cited as critical cases on opposite sides of larger debates in the discipline, and across different operationalizations of democratization, support the idea that democratization occurs under weak economic conditions. Third, our rigorous tests beyond regime change-over, and across empirically derived heuristics of time span, fill theoretical and empirical lapses in order to adjudicate democratization in the region and provide a clear theoretical and empirical lens for current and future analyses.
Why Are Developed Countries Giving Aid to India?
Authors: Kim Youngwan , Connolly Daniel
Published: April 2021

India is the recipient of substantial aid flows but also a nuclear-armed power and an emerging donor. Why have developed countries provided aid to one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world? Answering this question requires understanding the underlying determinants of these aid flows. Using data from 1960 to 2015, the domestic conditions of India and the external conditions of donors are empirically explored with time-series analysis and panel-data analysis. We find that during the Cold War India received more foreign aid from donors with a larger volume of trade and arms transfers, but from 2000 to 2015 the effect of arms transfers declined while countries with high trade volumes continued to give more aid. Although these findings broadly support the realist interpretation of aid, we conclude that post–Cold War structural shifts in the international aid regime and defense industries need to be considered by future researchers.
A Roman Military Prison at Lambaesis
Authors: Letteney Mark , Larsen Matthew D. C.
Published: April 2021

This article identifies a military prison (carcer castrensis) in the Roman legionary fortress at Lambaesis (Tazoult, Algeria) and contextualizes the space among North African carceral practices evidenced in epigraphic, papyrological, and literary sources of the first through fourth centuries CE. The identification is made on the basis of architectural comparanda and previously unnoticed inscriptional evidence which demonstrate that the space under the Sanctuary of the Standards in the principia was both built as a prison and used that way in antiquity. The broader discussion highlights the ubiquity of carceral spaces and practices in the ancient and late ancient Mediterranean, and elucidates some of the underlying practices and ideologies of ancient incarceration.
Significance of intestinal microbiota in implementing metabolic effects of bariatric surgery
Authors: Berkovskaya Marina A. , Sych Yulia P. , Gurova Olesya Yu. , Fadeev Valentin V.
Published: April 2021

Bariatric surgery is among successful methods of obesity treatment, with effects going beyond weight reduction alone, but rather involving improved glucose tolerance, along with control or remission of the type 2 diabetes mellitus. The precise mechanisms causing metabolic effects of bariatric surgery are not fully elucidated, even though substantial evidence suggest that they include changes in the gut microbiota, bile acid homeostasis, and the close interactions of these factors.
Intestinal microflora is directly involved in the energy metabolism of a host human. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with certain changes in the species composition and diversity of intestinal microflora, which are considered important factors in the development and progression of these ailments. Bariatric surgery leads to significant and persistent changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, often bringing it closer to the characteristics of the microbiota of an average person with a normal weight. An important role in implementing the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery, primarily in the improvement of glucose metabolism, belongs to postoperative changes in homeostasis of bile acids. These changes imply close metabolism. Moreover, changes in the bile acid metabolism after bariatric surgery affect the microbiota of the host. Further study of these relationships would clarify the mechanisms underlying metabolic surgery, make it more predictable, targeted and controlled, as well as open new therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity and associated conditions.
Effectiveness of various endodontic systems in treating teeth with C-shaped root canals
Authors: Firsova Irina V. , Trigolos Natalia N. , Yaroshenko Nikolay N. , Temkin Eduard S. , Kabytova Maria V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction — C-shaped configuration is amongst the most complicated root canal varieties requiring additional effort for successful endodontic treatment. The goal of this study was the laboratory comparison of the endodontic treatment efficiencies via XP-endo vs. Gentlefile systems for the teeth with C-shaped root canals. Material and Methods — In laboratory settings, 36 teeth with established C-shaped configuration, extracted for medical reasons (24 mandibular premolars and 12 mandibular second molars), underwent the root canal treatment by XP-endo (XP) and Gentlefile (GF) systems. Treatment quality was evaluated on the basis of dye penetration tests and examination of root dentinal surface with a scanning electron microscope. The significance of differences between the groups was assessed via Mann-Whitney U test. Results — For GF instruments, the average size of stained area in the apical third of teeth was 3.33±2.73%, while in the coronal third it amounted to 13.49±13.58%. The results of using the XP instruments demonstrated the average size of stained area in the apical third equal to 15.45±12.48%, while in the coronal third it was 37.30±14.06%. The scanning electron microscopy revealed a rougher surface of dentin and the remnants of stained layer in root canals treated with GF system. Conclusion — Thus, XP instruments exhibited a better treatment quality compared with GF system. The obtained data may justify the choice of instruments for endodontic teeth treatment in case of an intricate root canal system.
The effect of ultrasound for algae growth control on zooplankton
Authors: Klemenčič Pija , Krivograd Klemenčič Aleksandra
Published: April 2021

The use of ultrasound (US) to control algal growth in natural water bodies raises concern about the undesirable effects of US on non-target organisms. In this study a lab-scale experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of low-power US to counteract algal growth on adult and juvenile Daphnia magna. The 48-hour experiment was conducted in a 200 L glass aquarium with three fish nets, each filled with five D. magna. Each net was inspected for immobilized D. magna on different times during ultrasonication; additionally, basic physical-chemical parameters were measured. The results showed that tested low-power US device had no acute effect on the mobility of adult or juvenile D. magna, since after 48 h of ultrasonication 87% and 82% of adult and juvenile organisms remained mobile, with the same or higher percentage of mobile D. magna in the control groups. Additionally, no statistically significant effects were noticed on the measured physico-chemical parameters. However, when applied for algae control in field conditions, US is in operation constantly or at least for a long period of time (several weeks or months); therefore, the effect of long-term exposure to ultrasonication on zooplankton should be tested to ensure that US devices are safe for zooplankton.
Features of the clinical course and motorsecretory disorders in gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight patients
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Oparin O.A. , Maliar O.M. ,   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Fedchenko Yu.G. ,   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
Published: April 2021

Objective: To study the mechanisms of motor-secretory disorders in young patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease with concomitant obesity. Materials and results. The study involved 55 patients. The first group included patients with GERD with concomitant obesity, the second group included patients with GERD without concomitant pathology, the control group – 20 healthy people. The survey was conducted using the GERDQ questionnaire. The results showed that complaints of regurgitation, belching and dysphagia were more pronounced in obese GERD patients. Motor-secretory disturbances were examined by ultrasound and pH-metry, with indicators of the diameter of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm, dilation of the lower third of the esophagus, reflux volume, acidity of gastric contents significantly higher in patients with GERD with concomitant obesity. The correlation between body mass index, severity of complaints and indicators of motor-secretory disorders was revealed.
Soporte circunferencial posterior en fracturas de platillo tibial
Authors: De Cicco Franco Luis , Verbner Jonathan Maximiliano , Abrego Mariano O. , Taype Danilo Roger , Carabelli Guido Sebastián , Barla Jorge Daniel , Sancineto Carlos Federico
Published: April 2021

Las técnicas quirúrgicas que más se utilizan en la actualidad para fracturas de platillo tibial no contemplan correctamente la conminución ósea multiplanar ni la presencia de fragmentos óseos posteriores. Nos hemos enfrentado con esta problemática al tratar a un paciente con fractura de platillo tibial tipo Schatzker VI, en la cual se suplementó la osteosíntesis habitualmente utilizada con una placa horizontal circunferencial posterior. Se logró la consolidación ósea y los resultados funcionales a corto plazo fueron buenos. Del análisis de la bibliografía citada, se concluye en que se han desarrollado varias técnicas de contención posterior de los platillos tibiales, y la osteosíntesis circunferencial es una técnica por considerar.
Artrosis rápidamente progresiva de cadera secundaria a una fractura por insuficiencia subcondral del acetábulo. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Lucero Carlos Martín , Díaz Dilernia Fernando , Zanotti Gerardo , Comba Fernando , Piccaluga Francisco , Buttaro Martín
Published: April 2021

Las fracturas por insuficiencia subcondral son una causa poco frecuente de cadera dolorosa. A diferencia de las fracturas traumáticas agudas, las fracturas por insuficiencia del acetábulo son menos frecuentes que las femorales. Ocurren habitualmente en mujeres posmenopáusicas con comorbilidades. Su diagnóstico inicial suele ser dificultoso y la sospecha clínica es de gran importancia. La resonancia magnética es una herramienta fundamental para detectar este cuadro. Subestimar estas lesiones puede llevar al desarrollo de una artrosis rápidamente progresiva y al reemplazo articular como desenlace. Se presenta el casode una paciente de 68 años con una fractura por insuficiencia subcondral del acetábulo a quien se le indicó una artroplastia total de cadera no cementada.
Análisis tomográfico de la alineación del retropié en pacientes con coaliciones tarsianas
Authors: Masquijo Julio Javier , Carabajal Matar Miguel , Allende Felicitas , Torres Gomez Armando , Tourn Diego
Published: April 2021

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es describir la morfología del retropié mediante cortes coronales con tomografía computarizada en pacientes con coaliciones tarsianas.
Materiales y Métodos: Se incluyeron 85 pies de 78 pacientes de entre 9 y 17 años. Fueron divididos en 3 grupos: 1) grupo de control (n = 29), 2) con coaliciones calcáneo-escafoideas (CCE) (n = 31) y 3) con coaliciones astrágalo-calcáneas (CAC) (n = 25). Dos observadores valoraron cinco medidas: Inftal-Suptal, Inftal-Hor, Inftal-Supcal, Suptal-Infcal y el ángulo astrágalo-calcáneo (AAC).
Resultados: Los grupos no presentaron diferencias en la distribución por edad y sexo. Los pacientes con coaliciones tarsianas tuvieron valores significativamente superiores en todas las mediciones comparados con el grupo de control (p <0,05 Kruskall-Wallis/ANOVA). Las mediciones del AAC en los pacientes con CCE y CAC fueron significativamente superiores a las del grupo de control (10,09 ± 4,60; 17,77 ± 11,28 y 28,66 ± 8,89, respectivamente, p <0,0001). La distribución del AAC fue muy variable en los pacientes con CCE, mientras que, en la mayoría del grupo CAC, tuvo un patrón de alineación en valgo. No hubo una correlación directa entre los valores del AAC e Inftal-Hor (Spearman 0,27013; p = 0,1916).
Conclusiones: En los pacientes con coaliciones tarsianas, la orientación del valgo del retropié suele estar aumentada. La magnitud de esta deformidad es mayor en pacientes con coaliciones CAC, mientras que, en aquellos con CCE pueden manifestarse con una gran variabilidad. El aumento del valgo del retropié no implica necesariamente un aumento de la inclinación de la articulación subastragalina, por lo que esta última debe evaluarse por separado en la planificación preoperatoria.
Nivel de Evidencia: III
Improving Inpatient Consult Communication Through a Standardized Tool
Authors: Pavitt Sara , McHugh Anne , Chi Kevin , Hoang Kim , Lippner Elizabeth , Tsai Jennifer , Goldstein Rachel , Bassett Hannah , Srinivas Nivedita S.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:

To increase the number of essential consult elements (ECEs) included in initial inpatient consultation requests between pediatric residents and fellows through implementation of a novel consult communication tool.

METHODS:

Literature review and previous needs assessment of pediatric residents and fellows were used to identify 4 specific ECEs. From February to June 2018, fellows audited verbal consult requests at a medium-sized, quaternary care children’s hospital to determine the baseline percentage of ECE components within consults. A novel consult communication tool containing all ECEs was then developed by using a modified situation-background-assessment-recommendation (SBAR) format. The SBAR tool was implemented over 3 plan-do-study-act cycles. Adherence to SBAR, inclusion of ECEs, and consult question clarity were tracked via audits of consult requests. A pre- and postintervention survey of residents and fellows was used to examine perceived miscommunication and patient care errors and overall satisfaction.

RESULTS:

The median percentage of consults containing ≥3 ECEs increased from 50% preintervention to 100% postintervention with consult question clarity increasing from 52% to 92% (P < .001). Overall perception of consult miscommunication frequency decreased (52% vs 18%; P < .01), although there was no significant change in resident- or fellow-reported patient errors. SBAR maintained residents’ already high consult satisfaction (96% vs 92%; P = .39) and increased fellows’ consult satisfaction (51% vs 91%; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation of a standardized consult communication tool resulted in increased inclusion of ECEs. Use of the tool led to greater consult question clarity, decreased perceived miscommunication, and improved overall consult satisfaction.