bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desigualdades sociais e os desafios à estratégia de eliminação da tuberculose no Brasil
Authors: Fiorati Regina Célia , De Assis Cândido Fernanda Carla , Barros de Souza Larissa , Paschoal Popolin Marcela , Vieira Ramos Antônio Carlos , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: identificar o impacto das desigualdades sociais na cadeia de progressão da tuberculose no Brasil visando à identificação dos nós críticos à eliminação da doença. Método: realizada revisão de literatura dos artigos disponíveis nas bases de dados Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Como critério de inclusão, selecionou-se artigos publicados na íntegra cujo cenário de investigação é o Brasil, no período de 2005 a 2015. Utilizou-se os descritores do Medical Subject Headings, de acordo com as combinações: Access or accessibility and Tuberculosis; social determinants of health and tuberculosis; social vulnerability and tuberculosis; social inequity or social inequality and tuberculosis. A análise dos estudos selecionados pautou-se no referencial de Melnyk, Fineout-Overholt por meio da análise da qualidade do nível de evidência científica dos artigos selecionados com base na Classificação dos Níveis de Evidências Científicas. Resultados: foram analisados 45 artigos, os quais mostraram os principais determinantes sociais da saúde que representam barreiras à meta End TB, sendo eles: as condições econômicas, seguida pela acessibilidade a serviços, violação de direitos e estilos de vida, fatores estes que impactam na cadeia de progressão da tuberculose. Conclusão: desigualdades sociais são barreiras consideráveis à eliminação da doença, portanto intervenções de amplo espectro devem ser consideradas. Os desafios à sociedade brasileira ainda são substanciais e devem envolver para além do setor da saúde, os setores ligados à gestão pública nas várias esferas governamentais.

Palavras-chave: Tuberculose; Determinantes Sociais; Vulnerabilidade Social; Desigualdade Social; Iniquidade Social.
PL-009 Not just a one HIIT wonder: two popular HIIT protocols elicit similar health benefits in a controlled but real world environment
Authors: Hesketh Katie , Cocks Latthew , Shepherd Sam , Wagenmakers Anton , Strauss Juliette
Published: October 2018

Objective Currently 40% of the UK do not meet the physical activity guidelines with a ‘lack of time’ the most commonly cited barrier to sufficient physical activity. In laboratory based training interventions, high intensity interval training (HIT) offers a time-efficient alternative to moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) but its success requires expensive specialised cycle ergometers and vigorous encouragement from the researchers. To investigate whether two popular HIT protocols, performed using readily available cycle ergometers and without encouragement, can improve aerobic exercise capacity, arterial stiffness and body composition.

Methods Eighty-two sedentary males (n=26) and females (n=56) aged 18-65 participated in the study (28±1 y, BMI 25±0.4 kg.m-2). In a randomised cross-over design, participants completed either 6 weeks of 30HIT (4-8x30s sprint with 120s active recovery) or 60HIT (6-10x60s sprint with 60s active recovery). Training sessions were completed on a Wattbike, 3 times per week. VO2peak, body composition (DXA scan), blood glucose (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)) and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity (PWV)) were assessed pre and post each 6-week training phase, with 4-6 weeks washout period between interventions.

Results VO2peakincreased post intervention in 30HIT (36±1 to 39±1 ml.min-1.kg-1) and 60HIT (36±1 to 39±1 ml.min-1.kg-1) (P<0.001), with no difference between intervention group (P=0.208). Body fat percentage decreased pre to post training in both conditions (P=0.001). PWV decreased in 30HIT (2%) and 60HIT (4%) (P<0.005). During the OGTT, there was a trend towards decreasing area under the curve pre to post (P=0.083). When normalized to Watt maxthe participants producing a higher mean power output improved their VO2peakmore than those producing a low MPO (P<0.05). Following further analysis this was only true in 60HIT (P<0.05).

Conclusions Both 30HIT and 60HIT could be effective real world strategies to improve aerobic capacity, body composition, arterial stiffness and insulin sensitivity. Improvements were seen even though the time spent sprinting was less in 30HIT (4mins compared to 10mins in 60HIT). In addition, how the 30HIT protocol is executed does not seem to have an effect on physiological outcomes. This suggests 30HIT may be a more applicable training intervention in the real world.
PL-010 Chronic mild stress improves glucose homeostasis via myonectin-mediated suppression of sympathetic activity in high-fat diet-fed mice
Authors: Qi Zhengtang , Xia Jie , Xue Xiangli , Li Xingtian , Cui Zhiming , Zhang Xue , Cao Lu , Weina Liu , Shuzhe Ding
Published: October 2018

Objective Recent studies suggest that chronic stress exposure can ameliorate the progression of diet-induced prediabetic disease, by inhibiting an increase in weight gain, caloric intake and efficiency and insulin resistance. To determine the underlying mechanism by which chronic stress improves the progression of type 2 diabetes, we developed a model of chronic mild stress in high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice which are resistant to obesity and exhibit a healthy-like metabolic phenotype.

Methods High-fat diet (HFD): 45% kcal derived from fat (Research Diets, Inc.).Mice experienced one stressor during the day and a different stressor during the night. Stressors were randomly chosen from the following list : cage tilt on a 45° angle for 1 to 16 h; food deprivation for 12 to 16 h; white noise for 1 to 16 h; strobe light illumination for 1 to 16 h; crowded housing; light cycle (continuous illumination) for 24 to 36 h; dark cycle (continuous darkness) for 24 to 36 h; water deprivation for 12 to 16 h; damp bedding (200 ml water poured into sawdust bedding) for 12 to 16 h.Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV): AAV9 vectors encoding myonectin under the control of the ubiquitous CMV promoter (AAV9-CMV-Vip) or an equal dose of the AAV9-CMV-null vector were delivered to C57BL/6 mice by the tail vein. Mice were deprived of food for 16 h and then subjected to test 7 days after AAV injection.

Results Chronic stress improved glucose intolerance and sympathetic overactivity in HFD-fed mice. Chronic stress attenuated epinephrine(EPI)-stimulated glycerol release into blood in vivo and accelerated glycerol release from white adipose tissue followed by in vitro incubation with EPI. Chronic stress reduced plasma triglyceride but increased the levels of plasma insulin and myonectin. We further found that adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated myonectin overexpression improved glucose homeostasis and reduced epinephrine sensitivity. Myonectin overexpression reduced plasma norepinephrine, EPI and leptin levels, and increased insulin sensitivity in brown and white adipose tissue. Intense sympathetic activity with high-intensity running inhibited myonectin expression in skeletal muscle, whereas medium and low-intensity exercise running increased myonectin expression.

Conclusions These findings suggest that chronic mild stress can improve glucose homeostasis via myonectin-mediated suppression of sympathetic activity in high-fat diet-fed mice.
PL-020 Establishment of skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression model via in vivo local transfection
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Zhang Ziyi , Bo Hai , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2018

Objective To establish a skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression mouse model via in vivo local transfection.

Methods For the PGC-1α in vivo transfection study, the Male FVB/N mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: subject to green fluorescent protein (GFP) transfection (Con-GFP), and subject to PGC-1α in vivo transfection (Con-PGC-1α). Plasmid DNA solution (2.5 mg/ml GFP or 2.7 mg/ml Flag-PGC-1α) were injected into the proximal (6 ml) and distal (6 ml) ends of the muscle belly. Following the injections, electric pulses were applied through 2 stainless steel pin electrodes laid on top of the proximal and distal myotendinous junctions. Then skeletal muscle and myocardium were isolated, and PGC-1α, mtTFA, NF-κB, MnSOD, FNDC5 protein expression were measured with Western blot.

Results n skeletal muscle, compared with con-GFP group, the expression of PGC-1α (+125%, p<0.01), mtTFA (+210%, p<0.01), and FNDC5 (+47%, p<0.05) were significantly increased in con-PGC-1α group. However, NF-κB and MnSOD protein level had no change in con-PGC-1α group. In myocardium, compared with con-GFP group, the expression of mtTFA (+130%, p<0.01) and FNDC5 (+55%, p<0.05) were significantly increased in con-PGC-1α group.

Conclusions Skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression model via in vivo local transfection was established, which was supported by elevated expression of PGC-1α and its downstream FNDC5 and mtTFA. Furthermore, skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression induced increase in myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis, while relative mechanism remains to be determined.
PL - 021 The research of High temperature exercise under different humidity environment effect on the body of water and salt metabolism
Authors: Feng Wenping , Zhang Junfen , Shang Wenyuan , Qiu Pingxue , Yu Aiqi
Published: October 2018

Objective Objective: This study was to investigate the body under high temperature (33 ℃) with different relative humidity (80%, 50%, 20%) combination of environment, respectively for 20 min 60% VO2max individual strength of quiet before and after the exposure of movement and under the same conditions, by measuring the participants within the body weight, serum sex hormone of blood, blood Na+、K+, Na+、K+ concentration in the urine of change, to explore in the sports stress and thermal stress of two kinds of stimulating the body water and salt metabolism characteristics, and to explore the effects of environmental humidity on the body's homeostasis.

Methods Methods: This study selected 12 students of sports training major from Beijing sports university as subjects, with themselves as the control. The experiment is divided into six categories, respectively: high temperature 33℃ and 20% RH exposure group, the high temperature 33℃ and 20% RH campaign group, high temperature 33℃and 50% RH exposure group, the high temperature 33℃ and 50% RH campaign group, high temperature 33℃ and 80% RH exposure group and high temperature 33℃ and 80% RH. In this study all the environmental temperature are set up to 33℃, exercise intensity level of 60% VO2max selection for individual participants. Before every experiment, all participants were asked to quiet sit for 20 min and then measure the subjects' body weight, charge the subjects' vein blood and urine, take the same operation immediately after the experiment. Blood samples were stored at room temperature for 1 h, and 3000r/min was centrifuged for 20min. Serums were gathered through centrifugation, The urine and Serums were partial shipments in tube to be indicators of measurement. Serum Renin、ANGII、ALD、ADH、ANP、Na+、K+ concentration of serum and urine were tested

Results Results:  (1)The subjects' weight loss percentage of exercise group was obviously higher than that of quiet exposure group, the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01); In 80% RH environment weight loss percentage is significantly higher than that of 50% RH and 20% RH values (P < 0.01).There is no difference between 20%RH and 50%RH. (2) The exercise group of Renin, ANGII, ALD, ADH, concentration is significantly higher than the value of exposed group (P < 0.01), but the ANP concentrations were significantly lower than pure quiet exposure levels (P < 0.01).

Conclusions Conclusions: (1) The body sweat more after exercise than just quiet exposed in high temperature, weight loss phenomenon more obvious; And with the increase of relative humidity environment,  dehydration will more serious. (2) Exercise factors can significantly promote the release of blood Renin, ANGII, ALD, ADH and   inhibit the release of ANP in the blood. By the way of strengthening the absorption process of water and ions, it can maintain the body's balance of water and ions.
PL - 024 The characteristics for the primary school students’ physical activity
Authors: Gu Hong , Tang Qiang
Published: October 2018

Objective This thesis provides a theoretical basis for improving children’s physical activity levels and promoting the healthy development of primary school children.

Methods Measuring the height, shape index of children which are in 3-5 grades of primary school in Nanjing and taking the BMI cut-off point of the Cole as the object of this study BMI evaluation criteria. Applying the ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer to measure the physical activity of children in seven consecutive days which includes five school days and two weekend days. By counting the physical activity in a 60s interval, children’s physical activity can be evaluated. Besides, using 100cm as the cut-off point, the number of students’ sedentary breaks can be calculated. And the relationship between the results and students’ BMI characteristics can be discussed.

Results  (1) For the male students, the average sedentary breaks, LPA and MVPA time is 849.47min, 297.01min and 37.99 min respectively. And for the female students, the sedentary breaks, LPA and MVPA time is 874.12min, 272.33min, and 32.55min respectively. The male students’ MVPA time is significant higher than the female students (P<0.05), but for both of them, the MVPA time cannot achieve the international children’s physical activity daily recommended amount which is 60min. Besides, there is no difference between different grades(P>0.05). (2) Students’ daily MVPA time was significantly higher than the weekend MVPA time (P <0.05). Male students’ MVPA time in the school days is higher than the MVPA time in the weekend(P<0.01). For the children in different body shape, the MVPA time in the school days is higher than that in the weekend(P<0.05). In the school days, the male students’ MVPA time is significant higher than that of female. (P<0.05). In the weekend, the normal group’s MVPA time is much higher than that of overweight and obese groups(P<0.05).(3) The sedentary breaks of normal group is less than that of overweight and obese groups(P<0.05). There is no significant difference between different gender, grades and BMI(P>0.05).

Conclusions （1）Male students’ MVPA time is higher than the female students.（2）The MVPA time in the school days is much higher than in the weekend. In terms of the sedentary breaks, there is no difference between different gender, grade and body shape.（3）Students with more sedentary breaks get lower BMI,and the change of LPA will be the primary cause of MVPA changing.
PL - 028 Aerobic exercise inhibits tau hyperphosphorylation through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Fang Guoliang , Zhao Jiexiu , Zhang Li , Li Pengfei
Published: October 2018

Objective Many studies suggest that regular physical exercise can reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and slow its onset and progression. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. Clinically, Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, which are associated with amyloid-β and tau hyperphosphorylation respectively. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway regulates tau phosphorylation and plays a pivotal role in the development of pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. Here we investigated the effects of aerobic exercise on tau phosphorylation and examined whether these effects were mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Methods 40 male APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary group (T-SE; n=10), exercise group (T-EX; n=10), sedentary with GNE-317 treatment group (T-SEG; n=10) and exercise with GNE-317 treatment group (T-EXG; n=10). GNE-317 is a potent and selective PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier and show effective suppression of Akt phosphorylation in the mice brain. The mice in the T-EX and T-EXG groups were given exercise training on a treadmill for 5 days/week for 8 weeks with 0% grade, and progressively ran from 30 min/day at 12 m/min, up to 60 min/day at 15 m/min. The mice in the T-SE and T-SEG groups were placed individually on another treadmill at 0 m/min for the same duration. 48 hours after the last exercise bout, all mice were intraperitoneally injected an anesthetic for inducing anesthesia, and the hippocampus were rapidly extracted. The protein and phosphorylation levels of tau, PI3K, Akt and GSK3β were assayed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The cognitive function were tested by morris water maze.

Results We found out that 8 weeks of aerobic exercise reduced tau phosphorylation at multiple sites including Ser202, Thr231 and Ser396, and increased phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 and Ser473 and of GSK3β at Ser9. Furthermore, in the morris water maze test, the exercise group showed a reduced escape time and distance compared with those of the sedentary group, suggesting that aerobic exercise improved learning and cognitive ability. While the above-mentioned results were attenuated in the PI3K/Akt inhibitor GNE-317 treatment groups.

Conclusions Our study demonstrated that aerobic exercise could inhibit tau hyperphosphorylation and improve cognitive funtion through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.
OR-006 Effect of Moderate-intensity Exercise on the Expression of Hypothalamic KiSS-1 and GPR54 mRNA in Diet Induced Obesity Rats
Authors: Yan Yi , Liang Chunyu , Xu Rui
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the effect of high fat diet on the hypothalamic expression of KiSS-1and the G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 54 mRNA and explore the modulatory role of moderate-intensity exercise in the diet induced obesity male rats.

Methods After 8 weeks high fat feeding, 20 obesity 11-weeks SD rats were randomly assigned to high-fat diet sedentary (FS, n=8) and high-fat diet exercise (FE, n=8) groups, 20 normal diet 11-weeks SD rats also were randomly assigned to sedentary (SS, n=8) and exercise (SE, n=8) groups. During the following 8 weeks, obesity rats were continued expose to high-fat-diet. SE and FE groups did the 60%-70%V(•)O2max treadmill training (5 days/week, 1 hour/day). The V(•)O2 max of exercise groups were remeasured every two weeks. The hypothalamic expression of KiSS-1 and GPR54 mRNA were tested in each group.

Results

After the first 8-weeks high fat feeding, the obesity rats were heavier than normal diet group (491.74±26.19g vs. 410.05±45.77g, p<0.01). After 8-weeks training, the FE group was lighter than FS group (590.23±35.74g vs. 681±52.56, p<0.01). The FS group had higher hypothalamic expression of KiSS-1 mRNA (1.51±0.66 vs 0.75±0.27, p<0.05) and GPR54 mRNA (2.45±0.38 vs 0.61±0.15, p<0.01) than SS group. The FE group had lower hypothalamic expression of KiSS-1 mRNA (0.69±0.13, p>0.05) and GPR54 mRNA (0.58±0.10, p<0.01) than FS group.

Conclusions

There is stimulating effect of high-fat diet induced obesity on hypothalamic expression of KiSS-1and GPR54 mRNA. 8-weeks 60%-70%V (•) O2max treadmill training could cure this effect.
OR-022 Effects of aerobic exercise on the hemodynamics and structure of the common carotid artery in obese adolescents
Authors: Shi Wenxia , Cao Ling , Xu Xianzhe
Published: October 2018

Objective With the population of obese adolescents increases dramatically, a series of cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerotic, are triggered by obese which seriously threatens the life and health of teenagers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise intervention on the hemodynamics and structure of the common carotid artery in obese adolescents.

Methods  Forty obese adolescents (18 ± 2years) were randomly assigned into the experimental group (EG; n = 20) and control group (CG; n = 20). EG undertook 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training (AET), CG had not any exercise intervention. The carotid artery of both CG and EG were examined and compared. Carotid artery responses were assessed in both groups. Color doppler ultrasound was used to determine the tube diameter and axial flow of the common carotid before and after exercise intervention. The heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were simultaneously measured on the left brachial artery by a sphygmomanometer.

Results Compared with CG, there were improvements of EG in peripheral resistance (22.90±6.70 VS 29.58±8.71. p＜0.01) and Systolic blood pressure (123.57±7.36 VS 130.25±6.79. p＜0.05) were verified after AET, except diastolic blood pressure. Following AET, blood flow velocity (0.28±0.05 VS 0.21±0.05. p＜0.01) and wall shear stress (6.25±0.90 VS 4.97±1.54. p＜0.05) increased prominently, which were also significant differences only in EG. In contrast, the vascular diameter demonstrated consistently upper compared with CG, but no differences between EG and CG.

Conclusions  Regular aerobic exercise lasting 12 weeks could effectively change the dynamic parameters of the common carotid artery in obese adolescents, but no changes in arterial diameter. These findings indicated that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise can induce some changes of the common carotid artery blood flow within the circulation function in a short time. But the changing in common carotid arteries structure is needed after a long-term blood flow to the stimulation.
OR-034 The parvalbumin positive neuron involved the regulation of motor cortex excitability in the exercise-induced fatigue
Authors: Cui Shuqiang , Qiao Decai , Liu Xiaoli
Published: October 2018

Objective Objective:Cortical parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons(PV) control the activity of excitatory neurons and regulate their spike output. The present experiment is to determine the role of PV neuron in the reglution of excitability of primary motor cortex (M1) during the exercise-induced fatigue and possible molecular mechanism.

Methods Methods: Male Wistar rats randomly divided into control group(C),exhaustive exercise group(E) and repeated exhaustive exercise group(RE). The gradually increasing load treadmill exercise-induced fatigue model was employed in the Group E and RE.The in vivo multi-channel recording methods was used for recording the neuronal electrophysiological activities of primary motor cortex.To observe the neuron firing rate changes during the rest state,immediately after exhausted exercise and after repeated exhaustive exercise.We also detected the expression of PV positive neurons in the primary motor cortex by the immunofluorescence method. The western blot method was used to determine the expression of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)、phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II( pCaMKII) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) in the primary motor cortex.

Results Results：The electrophysioligical results indicated that the neuron firing rate after repeated exhausted excise the neuron firing rate significantly decreased compared with the rest state (P<0.05),but have no significantly changes as compared with exhausted excise;The expression of PV positive neurons in the group of E and RE significantly increased compared with the group C(P<0.01);The western blot results indicated that the protein expression of ERK in group REsignificantly decreased compared with group C, the pCaMKII expression of group RE decreased,but have no statistical difference.

Conclusions Conclusion: After exercise-indued fatigue ,the increase of PV positive neuron maybe one reason for the excitability changes in primary motor cortex.the alteraions in the electrical signal may be participate in the regluation of exercise-induced fatigue. pCaMKII and ERK signal pathway may invloved in the molecular mechanism of exercise-induced fatigue.
OR-045 Comparative Study on Physical Fitness in Female College Students between Different BFP Grades
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Chognlin , Ding Xiaomin , Liu Shaosheng
Published: October 2018

Objective  Through testing the body fat percentage (BFP) and physical fitness by laboratory methods in female college students, the relationship between physical fitness and body morphology of female college students was revealed. 

Methods BFP and fat free mass were measured among 633 healthy female college students randomly selected. All subjects were divided into five groups by their BFP: low, normal, high body fat, grade I obesity and grade II/III obesity. Grip Strength, Leg Strength, Back Strength, Vital Capacity, Maximal Oxygen Uptake, Reaction Time, Sit And Reach, Back Scratch and Standing On One Foot With Closed Eyes were tested. 

Results There were significant differences between all groups in Grip Strength, Back Strength, Vital Capacity, the absolute and relative value of VO2max, Back Scratch on both sides and Standing on One Foot with Closed Eyes. The difference in Grip Strength and Back Strength showed significantly (P < 0.05), and the others showed very significant difference (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in Resting Heart Rate, Reaction Time, Sit And Reach and Leg Strength. The results of multiple comparison showed that compared with 4 group,there were significant differences in Vital Capacity, relative value of Maximum Oxygen Uptake, Back Scratch in both sides in 2 group and 3 group. Moreover, compared with 5 group, there were significant differences in all the indicators in 2 group and 3 group. And there were significant differences in all the indicators except Back Strength and the relative value of Maximum Oxygen Uptake between 5 group and 4 group.

Conclusions The results showed that the physical fitness of female college students with normal BFP was significantly better than that of obese ones. The major influence of exceeding 30 percent in BFP was the cardiopulmonary endurance fitness and upper limb flexibility fitness. In the group of BFP higher than 35%, these influences were more significant, meanwhile, balance fitness declined.
OR-048 Effects and Mechanism of myokines in exercise mediated improving obesity rats skeletal muscle remodeling
Authors: Zhang Liang , Yang Hongtao , Ma Jin , Li Linjie
Published: October 2018

Objective Aims From the year 2000, many experimental research data have indicated that skeletal muscle could express, synthesis and secrete multiple cytokines and polypeptides. The cytokines and polypeptides, not only regulate skeletal muscle growth, metabolism and motor function by paracrine/autocrine pathway, but also regulate functions of peripheral tissue and organs by endocrine pathway. Further researches proposed muscle as a secretory organ played a key role in mediating the health-promoting effects of physical activity and proteins expressed and released by skeletal muscle have been termed as myokines. Disorders of skeletal muscle endocrine function have related to the occurrence and development of multiple metabolic diseases, and myokines participate in obesity skeletal muscle remodeling. This study aims to investigate the expression changes of myokines and its effects in exercise mediated improving skeletal muscle remodeling on obesity mice, and explore the underlying mechanism of its functions.

Methods Methods Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group of 8 and a high-fat diet（HFD）group of 16. The control group was given normal food，while the HFD group were provided with high-fat diet for eight weeks and further divided into a sedentary HFD group and a treadmill running HFD group，each of 8. The exercise mice underwent 60 min treadmill running at 26 m/min each day，5 days/week for 8 weeks. Biochemical analyses, immune-histochemical, ELISA, RT-PCR and Western Blot methods were used to investigate multiple myokines expression changes and its mechanism.

Results Results 1) Exercise significantly upregulated the expression of IL-15 in soleus and gastrocnemius muscle of obesity rats, indicating IL-15 could inhibit skeletal muscle endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve insulin sensitivity. 2) Exercise significantly inhibited the expression of myostatin (MSTN) in gastrocnemius muscle and mediated the changes of muscle fiber types. 3) Exercise markedly promoted the expression of apelin/APJ and angiogenesis function in obesity skeletal muscle. 4) Exercise upregulated skeletal muscle vascular endothelial growth factor B receptor expression and improved skeletal muscle ectopic lipid accumulation.

Conclusions Conclusion Exercise regulates skeletal muscle myokines expression and secretion and have the effects on skeletal muscle fiber type changes, myofiber capillary density, glucose and lipid metabolism, thus improves the skeletal muscle remodeling and maintain body homeostasis.
PO-037 Validation Of Capillary Blood Gas Analysis For The Assessment Of Training Load In Track Cycling
Authors: Ma Guoqiang , Tang Qi , Ni Dahai , Parsons Brentan
Published: October 2018

Objective The energy supply of daily training of track cycling should be mainly by anaerobic metabolism, which can make the blood buffer capacity facing huge Challenge and being improved. The arterialized capillary blood gas analysis can be a reliable method to evaluate the blood status of base-acid balance, which may reflect the effect of exercise intensity on blood buffer system. The paper validate the blood gas analysis as a reliable method for evaluating the total periodical training load of track cyclists.

Methods Five male and five female elite track cyclists performed two phases (four weeks per phase) of training respectively. The content included the track specific, strength and aerobic training. The Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale (0-11) was recorded in the ten minutes after each session and calculated the session RPE (sRPE). The total inertial load (TIL) was calculated by sRPE sum from Monday to Thursday. The arterialized capillary blood gas analysis was performed at 7:00 AM on Monday and Friday. The delta value (ΔPH, ΔPCO2, ΔTCO2, ΔHCO3-, ΔBE, ΔPO2, ΔSO2) were calculated by Friday minus Monday. Pearson's linear correlation was applied to calculate the correlation between TIL and delta value. Independent t test was used to test the differences between two genders.

Results There was the moderate correlation between TIL with ΔPH and ΔHCO3- (Correlation Coefficient= 0.712 and 0.642 respectively, P<0.01). But other blood gas indexes didn’t show the obvious relationship with TIL (Correlation Coefficient < 0.5). There was no differences for TIL between male and female (3870.1±788.4 vs. 4130.2±716.7, P>.05). Moreover, ΔHCO3- of male was significant more than female by 95.1% (P<0.01). There were significant correlation between TIL and ΔPH for both male and female (Correlation Coefficient= 0.785 and 0.812 respectively, P<0.01), and between TIL and ΔPH for both male and female (Correlation Coefficient= 0.662  and 0.658 respectively, P<0.01).

Conclusions The PH value and bicarbonate radical of blood should be sensitive to the high intensity track cycling training, which can be the valid to evaluate the inertial load. However, gender has no influence on evaluating. The oxygen partial pressure and oxygen saturation of blood can not reflect the training load accurately.
PO-039 Influence of Physical Activity on Aerobic Endurance Capacity on Primary School Students
Authors: Chen Mengjiao , Jin Nannan , Fan Fangzheng , Bi Yan , Ding Tiancui , Hou Lijuan
Published: October 2018

Objective The physical fitness of primary school students is not optimistic in recent years. The obesity rate and myopia rate have continuously increased, and the aerobic endurance capacity has insistently declined. The aerobic endurance capacity is an important indicator to evaluate the physical fitness of students. This article explores the effects of physical activity(PA) designed by NSPEL on the improvement of aerobic endurance by intervening in the fourth grade students of Shifoying Primary School in Chaoyang District in Beijing, and provides a reference for students' physical fitness promotion.

Methods 155 fourth-grade students from Shifoying primary School in Beijing were selected as subjects. They were subjected to PA intervention for 16 weeks and their physical fitness related indicators were evaluated. PA intervention includes in-class and extracurricular sports activities. Physical education was guided by the syllabus. Extracurricular sports activities were mainly activities in break and after-school sports interest classes. The final analysis of the physical fitness assessment scores, BMI, 50m run, 50-meter shuttle run, skipping and sit-up were performed before and after the intervention.

Results The average score of physical fitness assessment of students was 79.79 before PA intervention, and the score was significantly increased and increased to 88.12 (10.43%) after the intervention. Physical shape of the students changed significantly after PA intervention. The mean of BMI was within the normal range before and after intervention, and the obesity rate was reduced by 1.29%. The student's speed capacity improved significantly after the intervention, the average score of the 50-meter race increased from 10.22 seconds to 7.90 seconds, the difference was very significant, with an increase of 2.32 seconds after the intervention. The student's aerobic endurance capacity was significantly improved before and after PA intervention. The average score of the 50 meter shuttle run was increased from 2.01 min to 1.74 min, and the result was significantly improved by 13.43%. The average score of sit-up was 21.64, and it increased to 42.30 after the intervention, with an average increase of 20.66.

Conclusions Students' physical fitness assessment scores improved significantly after PA in and out of class, suggesting that PA effectively improved the physical fitness status of 11-year-old pupils. Students' 50-meter run, 50 meter shuttle run, skipping, and sit-ups were all significantly improved after PA interventions, suggesting that PA is of great significance for improving aerobic endurance. The combination of activities inside and outside class can be used as a reference mode to improve students' physical fitness (NSFC31401018, SKXJX2014014, Corresponding_houlj@bnu.edu.cn).
PO-040 IDEEA Estimation of Daily Behavior Energy Consumption: Verified by Metabolic Chamber
Authors: Lu Qi , Zhu Xiaomei , AI Lei , Chen Junfei , Liu Ling
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the accuracy of Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA) in the measurement of energy consumption in the evening of adults in Nanjing.

Methods  120 subjects were selected, and worn IDEEA into the metabolic chamber for 11 hours of energy consumption test.Body composition by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Sleep metabolic rate（SMR）,Rest metabolic rate （RMR）and Basal metabolic rate（BMR）by metabolic chamber.

Results  The energy consumption results were paired with sample T test. The results showed significant difference between MC and IDEEA, but the effect size was between 0.004 and 0.042. The correlation between MC and IDEEA was 0.85 to 0 .96. The absolute error rate of energy consumption measurement was from 6.16 % to 7.92 %, of which the measurement error of sleep energy consumption was 6.16 %±4.16 %, and that of Internet energy consumption was 7.92 %±5.99 %.

Conclusions Energy measurement of IDEEA absolute error rate is within acceptable range, and it provides a high-precision alternative method for estimating energy consumption. The immediate and cumulative energy consumption data can be used to estimate the energy consumption for human physical activities over a period of time.
PO-51 Status of Relationship of Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Physical Activity intervention
Authors: Guo Xian , Wang Yi
Published: October 2018

Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus is the first time or any degree of glucose tolerance abnormalities discovered during the pregnancy. In the global the incidence of GDM can reach 15%. In China also reached 6.6%. Numerous studies have demonstrated that lifestyle intervention for the pregnant woman, especially to increase physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of GDM. Our research aims to search and analyze researches about the relationship of risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and physical activity intervention. Then we clear the effect of physical activity intervention and provide some advices for the future in this field. 

Methods The literature data were used though Pubmed, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI et al. database and we searched with the keywords of “physical activity”, “exercise”, “exercise intervention”, “gestational diabetes mellitus”, “glucose tolerance”, “postpartum diabetes prevention” in all these database. Finally we reviewed researches on physical activity interventions in GDM patients, discussed the relationship of before pregnancy, during pregnancy and postpartum physical activity intervention between the GDM risk. And we used the comparative analysis to get the corresponding conclusions.

Results 1. Women of European and American countries during pregnancy who participated in physical activity and achieve the recommended amount was common, but only about 1/5 of Chinese women can achieve the physical activity amount which was recommended. 2. Join in regular physical activity before, during and after pregnancy, women could reduce the risk of GDM. 3. Aerobic training and/or resistance training could effectively improve glucose metabolism and insulin in patients with GDM and the recommended exercise prescription was moderate intensity, 3 to 5 days a week, last longer than 6 weeks.

Conclusions The incidence of GDM is closely connected with pregnancy lifestyle changes. Women take part in regular physical activity before, during and after pregnancy could reduce the risk of GDM. But this kind of research is rare and behindhand in China. In the future, we should put forward the corresponding suggestions for our country to make pregnancy physical activity guidelines. In the other hand, researchers should verify the effect of health of pregnant women after the exercise intervention.
PO-052 Study on the Expression of Inflammatory Factor, chemotactic factor in the Repair of Skeletal Muscle Contusion in Mic
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Xiao Weihua , Xu Xin
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the regulation of muscle inflammatory factors and chemotactic factors during the repair of skeletal muscle contusion in mice.

Methods Forty C57 male mice were needed. Eight for control group (C, n=8) and thirty-tow for muscle contusion group (S, n=32). Subsequently, their gastrocnemius muscles were harvested at 0d, 1d, 3d, 7d, 14d after injury. Hematoxylinand eosin (HE) stain were used to assess the changes of muscle morphology. In addition, the gene expression of inflammatory factors and chemotactic factors was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results 1、Morphology of skeletal muscles showed signs of regeneration at 3d post injury. The maximumamount of regeneration muscle fibers appeared during one week post contusion. Two weeks post-injury morphology of myofibers nearly recovered to normal. 2、After skeletal muscle injury, macrophage markers (CD68, CD163, CD206), a variety of inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10) were up-regulated. 3、chemotactic factors (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12, mRNA) were up-regulated。

Conclusions After skeletal muscle contusion, the expression of a variety of chemotactic factors is up-regulated, which promotes macrophage infiltration and produces a variety of inflammatory factors. They may be involved in the inflammatory response and regeneration process after skeletal muscle contusion.
PO-055 Changes of trace elements in skeletal muscle and serum of rats after exercise-induced injury
Authors: Liu Jingyun , Zuo Qun
Published: October 2018

Objective This study is to investigate the changes of trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Se, Mg) in serum and skeletal muscle of rats after skeletal muscle injury induced by downhill running, and to find out the change regularity of trace elements in the body after exercise injury. To provide experimental basis for how to use trace elements supplements reasonably.

Methods Fifty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: control group (C, N=6) and exercise group (E, N=48, include: 0 h group, 6 h group, 12 h group, 24 h group, 48 h group, 72 h group, 1- week group and 2- week group). The rats in exercise groups run down a 16°incline at 16m/min for 90 minutes. At the end of the exercise, the rats were killed at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 1 week and 2 weeks, respectively. The serum was got from the inferior vena cava blood and diluted by 1% nitric acid. The muscle was got from the right side of the rat's sural which were digested by concentrated nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide in 75℃water bath for 20mins. The content of trace elements in muscle and serum were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS). All the data are analyzed and processed by SPSS22.0 statistical software.

Results (1) The contents of trace elements in serum showed: Cu, Zn, Mg, Se decreased immediately after exercise, but the Cu still increased to reach a peak at 24h after decreasing, and after 2 weeks the content of Cu was slightly lower than pre-exercise level. However, the content of Zn did not elevate again, it continued declined to the lowest at 24h which was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05). And after 2 weeks, Zn did not return to the pre-exercise level. The changes of Mg, Se in serum was not statistically significant. There is no difference between 0h and control groups in content of Fe, after that Fe decreased continually and appeared the least value at 24h, the differences between immediate group and control group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Fe returned to the pre-exercise level after 2 weeks. (2) The contents of trace elements in muscle showed: Most of trace elements increased to the maximum level at 6 h, after that Mg, Fe, Cu decreased to the lowest value at 72 h which were significant lower than 0h group or 6h group (P < 0. 05). ALL the trace elements were lower than pre-exercise level. There was no statistical difference in the content of Se in muscle.

Conclusions (1) The different changes of trace elements in skeletal muscle and serum after exercise injury may be due to the redistribution of trace elements caused by the body adaptability. (2) The most obviously changes of trace element in serum and muscle are Cu and Zn. Both of them did not return to the pre-exercise level after 2 weeks, it suggests that the supplement include Cu and Zn may play an important role in recovering after exercise-induced injury.
PO-060 Changes of Cardiovascular Function during Exercise Tolerance Testing in Sedentary Postmenopausal Women after Exercise Intervention
Authors: Zhang Peizhen
Published: October 2018

Objective Previous studies suggested that being postmenopausal could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD). If we can master the change characteristics of postmenopausal women’ cardiovascular function when they doing exercise, we may prevent or reduce the risk of CVD which induced by exercise. To get a more accurate tolerant judgment of the intensity of exercise, we discussed the change of cardiovascular function in sedentary postmenopausal women during exercise tolerance testing after exercise intervention, wish to provide more reliable theory basis in preventing exercise emergence and make an appropriate exercise prescription.

Methods Thirty postmenopausal women participated the study. PAR-Q questionnaires and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Forms were used to screen participants. They were randomly divided into control group(n=15) and experimental group (n=15). The experimental group had an exercise intervention with 3 months walking while the control group lived as usual. Using an exercise tolerance testing by cycle ergometer, let participants do one-time maximal graded exercise test to exhaustion, get the indicators of heart rate, blood pressure, VO2max, then analyzed the changes of cardiovascular function indexes before and after exercise intervention in experimental group, compared with control group in the same age categories, explored the similarities and differences between index variation.

Results (1) After 3 months of exercise intervention, the rest systolic blood pressure in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). (2) With the increase of exercise intensity, heart rate tend to rise in both two groups (P<0.05). After 3 months of exercise intervention, the amplitude of heart rate variation between two intensities got smaller in the experimental group. (3) With the enlargement of exercise intensity, systolic blood pressure tend to increase in both two groups (P<0.05). After 3 months of exercise intervention, the amplitude of systolic blood pressure variation between two grades got smaller in the experimental group. (4) The exercise intervention can effectively improve the cardiac functional capacity of postmenopausal women (P<0.05).

Conclusions Exercise for 3 month can efficiently increase the ability of postmenopausal women’s cardiovascular system in the quiet state, increase the reaction and adaptability of intensity stimulation of heart.
PO-065 The Role and Mechanism of Endocannabinoid System in Exercise-induced Antinociception
Authors: Xu Guoqin , Zhao Hong
Published: October 2018

Objective As we all know, exercise can enhance the will, improve the mood, and counteract the bad feelings of the body, but the cause and mechanism of action have not been clear. The endocannabinoid system is an important regulatory system in the central nervous system that regulates cognition, mood and behavior. Endocannabinoids can exert physiological regulation through cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). Cannabinoid receptors are widely distributed in the body and participate in the regulation of anti-nociceptive signals at multiple levels. This study will explore the role and mechanism of the endocannabinoid system in exercise-induced antinociception by literature research methods.

Methods Using endocannabinoid, exercise/sports and antinociception or emotion as keywords, using Pubmed, Medline, and Embase databases to search for nearly 15 years of research literature and the literatures from cross-references of journals, after excluding the literature that is not relevant to the research content, the 12 articles included were analyzed.

Results Exercise can activate the endocannabinoid system, the degree of activation is related to exercise intensity, and high-intensity exercise significantly increases endocannabinoid levels in the human body. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) are widely distributed in the nervous system including the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. When exercise activates the endocannabinoid system, the increased endocannabinoid in the circulatory system activates CB1 and CB2 receptors, promotes hyperpolarization of the nervous system cells, reduces the rate of excitable cell release, and inhibits neurotransmitters, and reduce nociceptive impulses, thereby the body produces anti-nociception. Pretreatment with endocannabinoid metabolic enzyme inhibitors (MAFP, JZL184) and endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitors (VDM11) can be extended and enhanced the antinociceptive effect of exercise. Pretreatment with endocannabinoid receptor antagonists (AM251 and AM630) will inhibit the antinociception induced by aerobic exercise in mechanical and thermal nociceptive tests.

Conclusions Exercise can enhance the level of circulating endocannabinoids, activate the endocannabinoid system through endocannabinoid receptors, and then induce the body to produce anti-nociceptive effects. The degree of activation is related to exercise intensity. Studying the role and mechanism of the endocannabinoid system in exercise-induced antinociception can provide a theoretical basis for exercise to improve depression, anxiety and other emotions, improve the sense of life and prevent mental disorders.