bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los servicios sociales para la infancia y la familia: aproximación y propuestas desde el Trabajo Social y la intervención familiar
Authors: Moral Astola María , Carbonero Muñoz Domingo
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se aborda el sistema de protección a menores y su relación con aquellos declarados en desamparo, tratando aspectos relativos a la figura del trabajador social y a la metodología de intervención empleada. En primer lugar, se aborda el enfoque de necesidades y su relación con la etapa de la infancia. En particular se estudian en aquellos aspectos relativos a la protección y la desprotección en la infancia. En segundo lugar, se establecen tres bloques de objetivos e hipótesis relativas a la metodología de intervención social empleada, la diferente organización en su atención en un estado autonómico y aquellos aspectos relativos a la cobertura en un período de crisis socioeconómica. En tercer lugar, el apartado metodológico se componente de tres partes: revisión crítica de las fuentes de información, entrevistas exploratorias dirigidas a expertos y análisis documental comparando la cartera de servicios en la atención a la infancia. Finalmente, las conclusiones de este trabajo inciden en tres aspectos: 1) la relevancia del acompañamiento social con familias; 2) las divergencias autonómicas en la gestión problemáticas de intervención familiar y menores en situación desamparo, y 3) el crecimiento de las necesidades y límites en la cobertura autonómica en el período 2008-2014. Asimismo, otros aspectos de interés hacen referencia a los límites del trabajo y a las posibles propuestas en intervención social con familias desde los servicios sociales de atención primaria.
La Administración de Justicia en Soria durante la II República Española (1931-1936)
Authors: Gómez Tierno Jesús
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo analiza la organización de tribunales en Soria y su actividad judicial a lo largo de la II República española (1931-1936). Se estudian en profundidad las principales reformas normativas republicanas sobre Justicia y su implicación en la organización de tribunales sorianos y en los distintos procedimientos judiciales según su concreta jurisdicción (penal, contencioso-administrativa y civil), tanto desde el ámbito provincial (Audiencia Provincial de Soria) como también desde el de los distintos partidos judiciales y municipios (Juzgados de Primera Instancia e Instrucción y Juzgados Municipales). El trabajo constata una razonable normalidad en el funcionamiento habitual de la Administración de Justicia en Soria durante el régimen republicano, tanto a nivel organizativo y de personal como desde el punto de vista judicial y administrativo.
ïndice Internacional de compromiso con el Sistema Multilateral de Derechos Humanos (ICDH)©
Authors: Nuño García Pablo
Published: March 2021

Aunque existen numerosos índices sobre distintos aspectos de los Derechos Humanos, ninguno se ha parado a medir el compromiso de los Estados respecto del sistema multilateral. A través del Índice Internacional de Compromiso de Derechos Humanos que se propone en el presente trabajo, se llevará a cabo una clasificación de Estados en virtud de su apertura (entendida como la cantidad de obligaciones contraidas), y la confianza en el sistema (entendida como la calidad de dichas obligaciones). El objeto del trabajo es una parcela del Derecho Internacional Público, esto es las Convenciones multilaterales de Derechos Humanos; utiliza una metodología estadística, y su propósito es de carácter político-diplomático. Como podrá comprobarse, España tiene un papel de liderazgo en el seno de este sistema, y los países europeos, excluidas las excepciones de Portugal, Italia y España, no son precisamente los mejores parados.
Uma análise dos resultados educacionais dos estados brasileiros
Authors: Alves Pedro Jorge Holanda , Araújo Jevuks Matheus , Frio Gustavo Saraiva , Cordeiro Lyvia Cabral
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os indicadores da qualidade educacional dos estados brasileiros entre os anos de 2007 e 2017, bem como apresentar uma medida de eficiência técnica para eles. Utilizou-se o método de fronteira estocástica para os anos finais do ensino fundamental e o ensino médio, encontrando evidências que favorecem a importância da qualificação do docente e do tamanho da turma para melhores desempenhos no Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica. O estudo também mostra que a estrutura escolar obteve resultados negativos para o desempenho no ensino médio e que as escolas responsáveis pelos anos finais do ensino fundamental foram eficientes na realização do gasto, enquanto o ensino médio apresentou ineficiência dos gastos públicos estaduais em educação.
Ultrasound guided quadratus lumborum block and transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia after lower segment caesarean section under spinal anesthesia: A prospective observational study
Authors: Benazir Kouser , Parihar Anju , Ashraf Shazia , Rafiq Wasim
Published: March 2021

Caesarean section being a major surgical procedure is associated with substantial postoperative discomfort and moderate to severe pain for 48 hours postoperatively. This prospective study was undertaken to observe the ultrasound guided quadratus lumborum block and transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia after lower segment caesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Hundred patients belonging to ASA class I & II and a normal singleton pregnancy with a gestation of at least 37 weeks posted for elective caesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were selected. The patients who had received either TAP block or QL block were assigned two groups. The patients who had received TAP block were assigned group A and the patients who had received QL block were assigned group B.

: The overall VAS score in group B was lower than in group A. The duration of analgesia in Group A ranged from 6-12 hours with a mean duration of 8.5±1.998 hours. In Group B the duration ranged from 9-24 hours with a mean duration of 16.5±3.096 hours. The difference in duration of analgesia between the two groups was statistically significant. In group A the mean analgesic consumption dose was 1.07±0.264 grams at 12 hours, 2.11±0.317 grams at 24 hours and 2.67±0.673 at 48 hours. In group B it was 0.43±0.501 grams at 12 hours, 1.35±0.567 grams at 24 hours and 1.65±0.604 grams at 48 hours. The difference was statistically significant

It can be concluded that Ultrasound Guided nerve blocks (TAP block and QL block) can be used as a part of multimodal analgesia for better postoperative pain relief in lower abdominal surgeries like LSCS especially when given before the resolution of spinal anaesthesia. Further it was observed that QLB was superior to TAP block in terms of better pain control (duration and quality) as shown by lower VAS score, demand for the first rescue analgesia which was delayed and total consumption of rescue analgesia was less in the first 48 hours.
Differentiating transudative and exudative pleural effusion by pleural fluid cholesterol
Authors: A Shilpa , Ambresh Ayyali
Published: March 2021

Pleural effusion is one of the common condition encountered in day to day practise. A correct diagnosis of the underlying disease is essential to rational management. Today there are a number of laboratory tests available to differentiate exudates and transudates which are considered cost effective to the patients, so this study was designed for the measurement of pleural fluid cholesterol to differentiate transudative and exudative pleural effusions (sensitivity-97.8%, specificity-100%) with the advantage that a contemporary blood sample is not required, thereby lowering cost of diagnostic procedure.

To study the diagnostic value of Pleural fluid Cholesterol in differentiating transudative and exudative pleural effusions.

This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on patients of pleural effusion (n=60) age >18 years patients with definitive clinical diagnosis and evidenced by radiological diagnosis of pleural effusion were taken as inclusion criteria.

The results showed majority of the patients were males (63.3%) and females (36.7%). According to lights criteria 46 patients were exudates and 14 patients were transudates and according to Pleural fluid Cholesterol criteria 45 patients were exudates and 15 patients were transudates with sensitivity of 97.8% and specificity of 100% and accuracy of 98.3%.

The pleural fluid cholesterol criteria were found to be the most efficient criteria. Since this parameter involves the measurement of only pleural fluid values of cholesterol, it has following advantages-Economically it reduces number of biochemical tests and Simpler as there is no need to take simultaneous blood sample at the time of thoracocentesis.
Water jet injury to larynx & hypopharynx - A rare case report
Authors: J S Arunkumar , R Shah Vidit , S Garag Santosh , Pai Shraddha
Published: March 2021

High pressure injuries to the oral cavity and oropharynx, like water jets, are surgical emergencies. Such injuries are commonly reported while cleaning clogged pipes. This is a report of an adult male with water jet injury to larynx and hypopharynx. Based on the results of flexible laryngoscopy and contrast-enhanced CT, this case was managed with suspension microlaryngoscopy and extensive debridement of the necrosed tissue under general anesthesia. Following this, the patient recovered with minimal residual hoarseness which eventually resolvedover six months.
Early onset ataxia with Marfanoid features a new varient of Friedreich s ataxia
Authors: Khichar Shubhakaran
Published: March 2021

A young male with ataxia since early childhood with Marfanoid features, normal intellect and no biochemical abnormality is reported. The syndrome has partial resemblance with previously described syndrome of arachnodactyle, cerebellar ataxia and other features, what has been named as "Bhaskar Syndrome". The documentation of such rare entities is worth for future research.
Relationship of MMP-2 and TGF-β2 levels in human vitreous with axial length
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China, Zhao Ting-Ting , Jin Jing ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China, Xie Shu-Nong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China, Fan Ying ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
Published: March 2021

AIM: To investigate the relationship of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) levels in human vitreous with axial length (AL) of patients with high myopia.
METHODS: The concentrations of MMP-2 and TGF-β2 levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA). Fifty-five human vitreous samples of 55 patients were collected during vitrectomy surgery, and were divided into two groups according to their spherical equivalent (SE) and AL. High myopia group (25 cases): AL≥26.00 mm, and control group or non-high myopia group (30 cases): AL<26.00 mm.
RESULTS: The MMP-2 levels in vitreous of high myopia group (96.87±55.95 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that of control group (77.24±41.81 ng/mL, P<0.05), but not correlated with AL (r=0.088, P=0.544). While the vitreous TGF-β2 concentration was negatively correlated with AL (r=-0.344, P=0.014), and there was significant difference of TGF-β2 vitreous levels between high myopia group (3729.08±1890.88 pg/mL) and control group (3926.00± 1333.88 pg/mL, P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: MMP-2 and TGF-β2 in human vitreous may play a critical role in human high myopia development, and the TGF-β2 appears to be associated with AL.
Basic and clinical application progression of invigorating blood and dissolving stasis Chinese medicine in ophthalmology
Authors:   Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China, Wang Ying , Qin Gen-Yan ,   Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China, Xiang Yu ,   Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China, Liu Jia-Qi ,   Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China, Chen Xiang-Dong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China, Zhou Ya-Sha ,   Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China, Peng Qing-Hua ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
Published: March 2021

Invigorating blood and dissolving stasis method is a kind of unique therapy of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, which efficacy has become increasingly prominent in the treatment of ophthalmology, with the further studies of blood stasis and invigorating blood and dissolving stasis therapy, it is widely used in clinical ophthalmology, and get good effects beyond thought, especially when western medicine has no curative effects, which improve the cure rate of fundus oculi disease from the eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, vitreous body to the choroid and retina, optic nerve and macula lutea, from surface to fundus. Pathological changes related to inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, atrophy, hyperplasia of fibrous tissue hyperplasia. This paper is aim to explain the definition of invigorating blood and dissolving stasis and make a summary of basic research and clinical application about it in several diseases.
COVID-19 Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Al-Umairi Rashid S. , Al-Kalbani Joukha , Al-Tai Saqar , Al-Abri Ahmed , Al-Kindi Faiza , Kamona Atheel
Published: March 2021

Medical imaging, including chest radiography and computed tomography, plays a major role in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia. This review aims to summarise current information on this topic based on the existing literature. A search of the Google Scholar (Google LLC, Mountain View, California, USA) and MEDLINE® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA) databases was conducted for articles published until April 2020. A total of 30 articles involving 4,002 patients were identified. The most frequently reported imaging findings were bilateral ground glass and consolidative pulmonary opacities with a predominant lower lobe and peripheral subpleural distribution.
 
KEYWORDS
COVID-19; Viral Pneumonia; Diagnostic Imaging; X-Ray Computed Tomography; Radiography;Review.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Abdul Razzak Hira , Ghader Nariman , Qureshi Ateeq A. , Zafar Mehnaz , Shaijan Jeena F. , Al Kuwari Muna
Published: March 2021

This article presents a comprehensive review of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the evaluation and/or diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. A systematic review was undertaken to summarise the recommendations reported in CPGs. MEDLINE® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature® (EBSCO Information Services, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA) and other databases were searched to retrieve CPGs. A total of five guidelines were included for analysis. The selected CPGs were appraised independently by five reviewers using the AGREE II instrument. The highest total score was achieved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines (91.4%) followed by the CPGs from the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Canadian Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Resource Alliance, British Association of Psychopharmacology and the American Academy of Paediatrics. By appraising current ADHD guidelines, clinicians cannot only identify CPGs related to ADHD but can also determine which guidelines should be considered of high quality and trustworthy to follow during clinical practice. The researchers recommend using the AGREE II instrument for CPG appraisal in healthcare professional education and training. Improvements in the applicability of guidelines are warranted in the future to enhance its clinical use and relevance.
 
KEYWORDS
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Practice Guidelines; Adolescents; Children; Diagnosis.
Emerging and Novel Therapies for Keloids
Authors: Memariani Hamed , Memariani Mojtaba , Moravvej Hamideh , Shahidi-Dadras Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Keloids are abnormal fibroproliferative scars with aggressive dermal growth expanding beyond the borders of the original injury. Different therapeutic modalities, such as corticosteroids, surgical excision, topical silicone gel sheeting, laser therapy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy, have been used to treat keloids; however, none of these modalities has proven completely effective. Recently, researchers have devised several promising anti-keloid therapies including anti-hypertensive pharmaceuticals, calcineurin inhibitors, electrical stimulation, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, microneedle physical contact and ribonucleic acid-based therapies. The present review summarises emerging and novel treatments for keloids. PubMed® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), EMBASE (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands) and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) were searched for relevant literature published between January 1987 to June 2020. A total of 118 articles were included in this review. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying keloid scarring pathogenesis would open further avenues for developing innovative treatments.
 
KEYWORDS
Keloid; Treatment; Fibroblast; Scar; Dermatology.
Changes in Self-Efficacy and Social Support after an Intervention to Increase Physical Activity Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Oman
Authors: Al-Ghafri Thamra S. , Al-Harthi Suad , Al-Farsi Yahya , Craigie Angela M. , Bannerman Elaine , Anderson Annie S.
Published: March 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to describe changes in self-efficacy (SE) and social support (SS) 12 months after the MOVEdiabetes trial, an intervention designed to increase physical activity (PA) among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Oman. Methods: The original MOVEdiabetes trial was conducted between April 2016 and June 2017 in Muscat, Oman. The intervention group (IG) received personalised PA consultations, pedometers and monthly messages using a web-based application, while the comparison group received usual care. Self-reported SE and SS from family and friends were assessed using validated psychosocial scales. Results: Of the 232 original participants in the trial, a total of 174 completed the 12 months follow-up study period (response rate: 75%). However, based on intention-to-treat analysis with several imputation procedures for missing data at 3 and/or 12 months, there was a significant increase in SE scores in the IG (+10.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.1–13.5; P <0.001); however, the correlation with PA levels was weak (+4.2, 95% CI: 2.7–5.7; P <0.001). Higher SE scores were noted in those without comorbidities (+12.2, 95% CI: 6.8–17.6; P <0.001) and with high income levels (+9.7, 95% CI: 5.2–14.2; P <0.001). Additionally, SS scores increased significantly among those in the IG who received support from friends (+2.3, 95% CI: 1.1–3.7; P <0.001), but not family (+1.2, 95% CI: −0.4–2.8; P = 0.110). The reliability of the scales was acceptable for SE and SS from family, but poor for SS from friends (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients = 0.82, 0.82 and 0.40, respectively). Conclusion: The PA intervention was associated with positive changes in SE and SS from friends. However, further tools for assessing psychosocial influences on PA are needed in Arab countries.
 
KEYWORDS
Physical Activity; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Self-Management; Health Behaviors; Social Support, Self-Efficacy; Primary Healthcare; Oman.
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Combined with Aerobic Training on Anxiety Symptoms, Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Moghaddam Dizaj Herik Nader , Moheb Naimeh , Banaeifar Abdol Ali , Agha Mohammadzadeh Nasser
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) combined with aerobic exercise (AE) on anxiety symptoms, insulin resistance (IR) and lipid profile in women with T2DMmellitus (T2DM).
Materials and Methods: In the present study, 60 T2DM women with a mean age of 33.5 (± 3.52) years were selected from the patients who were referred to the specialized clinic Petroleum Industry in summer 2020. They were randomly divided into four groups of ACT (n=15), AE (n=15), ACT combined with AE (n=15), and the control group (n=15). Intervention programs were performed for 10 weeks, and then indices were collected before and after the intervention using blood tests and Beck Depression Inventory.
 Results: ACT led to a significant decrease in anxiety and LDL (P-value: 0.001). Moreover, AE significantly reduced the anxiety index and increased HDL (P-value: 0.001). In addition, the effect of ACT and exercise significantly reduced anxiety (P-value: 0.001) and LDL index (P-value: 0.03) and also increased HDL (P-value: 0.03). However, indices of blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, and triglycerides did not indicate any significant changes in the intervention groups as compared with the control group (P-value<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the obtained findings, the use of psychological intervention along with AE could lead to a significant change in the symptoms of anxiety and some lipid indices in T2DM women. Also caused a non-significant improvement in glycemic index and can be regarded as a solution for diabetics.
The Effect of Combined Exercise Course and Aloe-Vera Supplementation on Renal Function and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahmadi Nasab Ghasem , Delavar Reza , Taheri Hamed
Published: March 2021

Objective: Renal failure is a complication of diabetes. It can be the risk factor of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise course and Aloe-Vera supplementation on renal function and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Materials and Methods: This is a clinical trial double blind with pre-test and post hoc test analyses with a control group. The studied population included a group of T2DM diagnosed patients among whom 24 men (40-60years) were selected voluntarily and purposefully and were classified into three groups by balanced block randomization method, exercise(E), exercise + supplement (E+S), and control (C), (n=8/group). Combined exercise was planned in two 12-minute repetitive sets with 70% 1RM. Then the participants ran for two 10- minute sets with 70-75% maximum heart rate intensity on treadmill. E+S participants consumed 500 mg/day Aloe Vera for 6 weeks. Obtained data by SPSS-19 software were analyzed using co-variance analysis method with Bonferroni post hoc test (P-value<0/05).
Results: Results showed that E and E+S significantly improved GFR (P-value=0.011) and E with or without Aloe-Vera consumption decreased creatinine levels (P-value=0.042) and increased HDL levels (P-value˂0.001). The results demonstrated that LDL and TG levels showed no significant difference in reaction to the combined exercise and supplementation.
Conclusion: Combined exercise along with Aloe-Vera supplementation has had significant effect on improving renal factors and lipid profile of T2DM diagnosed patients.
Changes in Mitochondrial Dynamic Factors (mfn2 and drp1) Following High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training in Obese Male Rats
Authors: Hashemi Taklimi Maryamalsadat , Shadmehri Saeedeh
Published: March 2021

Objective: Mitochondrial content and function are important determinants of oxidative capacity and metabolic efficiency of skeletal muscle tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in mitochondrial dynamic factors (mfn2 and drp1) following high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) in obese male rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male wistar rats after inducing obesity with high fat diet (for 10 weeks), eight rats from the high-fat diet group (O) and eight rats of the standard dietary group (C) were sacrificed and other obese rats were randomly divided into three groups: obesity control (OC), MICT and HIIT groups. The HIIT protocol includes 10 bouts of 4-minute activity with intensity of 85-90% vo2max and 2-minute active rest periods and MICT protocol with intensity of 65-70% VO2max with covered distance was matched to that of HIT protocol for 12 weeks and 5 sessions per week. Protein levels of mfn2 and drp1 soleus muscle were measured by Western blot. For analyzing the data, One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc with SPSS–23 and the significance level was P-value≤ 0.05.
Results: Induction of obesity was associated with a significant decrease in soleus muscle mfn2 and drp1 (P-value= 0.001). The intervention of HIIT and MICT significantly increased of mfn2 and drp1 compared to control group (P-value= 0.001). Also, mfn2 and drp1 were significantly higher in HIIT compared to MICT group (P-value= 0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and MICT increase the mitochondrial dynamic factors in skeletal muscle, and the effects of HIIT are significantly higher.
Commentary: Lithium in Drinking Water and Suicide Mortality
Authors: Rajabi Abdolhalim , Shahryari Ali
Published: March 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Ranking and Clustering Iranian Provinces Based on COVID-19 Spread: K-Means Cluster Analysis
Authors: Madadizadeh Farzan , Sefidkar Reyhane
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The Coronavirus has crossed geographical borders. This study was performed to rank and cluster Iranian provinces based on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recorded cases from February 19 to March 22, 2020.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 31 provinces of Iran using the daily number of confirmed cases. Cumulative Frequency (CF) and Adjusted CF (ACF) of new cases for each province were calculated. Characteristics of provinces like population density, area, distance from the original epicenter (Qom province), altitude from sea level, and Human Development Index (HDI) were used to investigate their correlation with ACF values. Spearman correlation coefficient and K-Means Cluster Analysis (KMCA) were used for data analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted in RStudio. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: There were 21,638 infected cases with COVID-19 in Iran during the study period. Significant correlations between ACF values and province HDI (r = 0.46) and distance from the original epicenter (r = -0.66) was observed. KMCA, based on both CF and ACF values, classified provinces into 10 clusters. In terms of ACF, the highest level of spreading belonged to cluster 1 (Semnan and Qom provinces), and the lowest one belonged to cluster 10 (Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Busher provinces).
Conclusion: This study showed that ACF gives a real picture of each province's spreading status. KMCA results based on ACF identify the provinces that have critical conditions and need attention. Therefore, using this accurate model to identify hot spots to perform quarantine is recommended.
Dietary Food Groups and Nutrient Intake in Association with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Fallah Yakhdani Monire , Mohammadi Mohammad , Salehi Abargouei Amin , Mirzaei Masuod , Rahimdel Abolghasem , Abaszadeh Fathabadi Zeynab , Dolatabadi Maryam , Entezari Maryam , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar
Published: March 2021

Introduction: It has been proposed that dietary intake is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). The present case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between intake of different food groups and occurrence of MS among the recently diagnosed adult patients in Yazd City, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In the current study, a group of 45 patients who have recently been diagnosed with MS and 100 healthy controls were investigated in this research. Participants were matched regarding their gender. Dietary intakes were assessed using a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Participants also completed a demographic questionnaire including information such as age, gender, marital status, job, education, sun exposure, smoking, sunscreen, body mass index (BMI), economic status, as well as their spouses' occupations and education. Logistic regressions in crude and multivariable-adjusted models were used to investigate the relationship between food groups and the odds of developing MS.
Results:  The findings showed that participants with high consumption of fruits, potatoes, refined grains, pickles, and fibers had a significantly lower chance for developing MS after adjustment for the maximum possible confounding variables (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The present study revealed that several food groups or nutrients are associated with the development of MS.  Further multi-central prospective studies including more participants are needed to confirm these results
Heavy Metals Tolerance Potential of Fungi Species Isolated from Gold Mine Tailings in Ghana
Authors: Sey Emmanuel , D. Belford Ebenezer J.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Heavy metal contamination has necessitated a less expensive and non-destructive clean-up technique such as mycoremediation. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the tolerance of fungi species in different concentrations of heavy metals for their potential use in bioremediation.
Materials and Methods: Fungi were isolated by serial dilution and spread plate techniques from gold tailings and their tolerance to different concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn (as potential bioremediation candidates) was evaluated. Fungal radial growths were recorded daily over a 14 days’ incubation period to establish their tolerance levels using the Tolerance Index.
Results: Five isolated fungi species belonged to the genera Aspergillus, Trichophyton, Rhizopus, Trametes, and Trichoderma. Except for Trichophyton rubrum, the other fungi species were tolerant to all Cr concentrations (0 – 100ppm), but no significant difference was observed in mycelia growth compared to their controls. With high tolerance index ranging from 0.91 to 1.02, Trichoderma viride and Rhizopus oryzae were tolerant to all Cu concentrations (0 – 125ppm). High tolerance was exhibited by Trametes versicolor to Cd at 25 and 50 ppm, and by Rhizopus oryzae at 25 ppm, but no significant difference was found in mycelia growth. Rhizopus oryzae tolerated all As and Pb concentrations with high tolerance index ranging from 0.81 to 1.00. It also tolerated   Zn at 200-600ppm concentration with a tolerance index from 0.80 to 0.91.
Conclusion: The selective nature of these fungi species for specific heavy metal tolerance indicates their potential for selective use as effective bioremediative clean up agent of heavy metals contaminated sites.
Effects of Feedback and Education on Nurses’ Clinical Competence in Mechanical Ventilation and Accurate Tidal Volume Setting
Authors: Norouzrajabi Samira , Ghiyasvandian Shahrzad , Jeddian Alireza , Karimi Rozveh Ali , Sayadi Leila
Published: March 2021

Background: Patients under mechanical ventilation are at risk of ventilator-associated complications. One of these complications is lung injury due to high tidal volume. Nurses’ competence in mechanical ventilation is critical for preventing ventilator-associated complications. This study assessed the effects of feedback and education on nurses’ clinical competence in mechanical ventilation and accurate tidal volume setting.
Methods: This single arm pretest-post-test interventional study was conducted in 2019 at Shariati hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Participants were 75 conveniently selected nurses. Initially, nurses’ clinical competence in mechanical ventilation and ventilator parameters of 250 patients were assessed. A mechanical ventilation -based feedback and education intervention was implemented for nurses. Finally, mechanical ventilation clinical competence of nurses and ventilator parameters of 250 new patients were assessed. Moreover, patients’ height was estimated based on their ulna length and then, their predicted body weight was calculated using their estimated height. Accurate tidal volume was determined per predicted body weight. 
Results: The mean score of nurses’ clinical competence increased from 8.27±3.09 at pretest to 10.07±3.34 at post-test (p<0.001). The mean values of both total tidal volume and tidal volume per kilogram of predicted body weight were significantly reduced respectively from 529.84±69.11 and 9.11±1.73 (ml) at pretest to 476.30±31.01 and 7.79±1.14 (ml) at post-test (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The feedback and education intervention is effective in promoting nurses’ clinical competence in mechanical ventilation and reducing tidal volume. Thereby, it can reduce lung injuries associated with high tidal volume and ensure patient safety.
Factors Analysis Related to the Response Time of Nursing Services Based on the ATS II Category in the Emergency Installation
Authors: Sumbara . , Fadli . , Safruddin .
Published: March 2021

The response time for nursing refers to the time required to provide emergency nursing care to patients following the triage assessment. This study seeks to analyze the factors associated with the response time of nursing services based on the ATS II category in the emergency department and the magnitude of the influence of age, knowledge, education, and length of work on response time. The method used in this research was correlational, with a cross sectional method and a questionnaire sheet. The research sample was comprised of 20 nurses. Data analysis was used the Pearson correlation test. The results showed that there was a relationship between age, education, length of work and knowledge with response time, with the value of each variable as follows: age with a p-value of 0.015 and r 0.533; education with a p-value of 0.005 and r 0.601; length of work with a p-value of 0.000 and r 0.739; and knowledge with a p-value of 0.002 and r 0.638. From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the strongest determinant factors for response time are length of work and level of knowledge. This study concludes that improving nurse education and training related to handling emergency patients should be prioritised.
 
Keywords: length of work; knowledge; education, response time; age
The Effect of Hypnotherapy on the Reduction of Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Type-2
Authors: Hasymi Yusran , Suwanto .
Published: March 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, which occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Most cases of diabetes mellitus are diabetes mellitus type-2. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hypnotherapy on reducing blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type-2. The research used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. Purposive sampling was used, and 30 respondents selected. The instrument in this study was a single stick tool. The intervention group was given standard therapy treatment in the form of bio-energy therapy and hypnotherapy, while the control group was only given standard therapy treatment in the form of bio-energy therapy. Univariate analysis of the results indicates that the average blood glucose level before treatment was 234.67 mg/dl and after treatment was 194.67 mg / dl. Bivariate analysis based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test obtained a p-value of 0.002 (p-value <0.05). This means that hypnotherapy reduced blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus type-2 sufferers. This study recommends the nursing profession apply hypnotherapy as an alternative or non-pharmacological complementary therapy that can be used to reduce blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus type 2.
 
Keywords: Hypnotherapy, diabetes mellitus type 2, blood glucose levels
Integration of Therapy in Reducing the Onset of Depression in Older Adults: Case Report
Authors: Pradana Anung Ahadi , Sahar Junaiti , Permatasari Henny
Published: March 2021

Depression in older adults is known to have a high impact on their quality of life. Depressive conditions experienced by older adults require the implementation of therapies that can reduce depression levels. The purpose of this report is to provide an evidence-based practice of integrated therapies programs to reduce depression levels in nursing care involving 10 elderly people. The integration program consists of cognitive restructuring therapy, deep breathing relaxation and Benson relaxation interventions, guided autogenic, and behavior modification with laughter therapy. The implementation was carried out for 8 months, consisting of 2 sessions with each implementation for 4 months. The measurement results using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-15 showed a change in the depression level of older adults between preand post-treatment by 2.4 points. The results of this study are expected to be applied in community health services.
 
Keywords: Case study, Depression, Older adults, Therapy
A Pilot study of Seven-Day Education Program “door-to-door” to Improve Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards 2019-nCoV During Stay at Home in Indonesia
Authors: Amaliyah Eli , Aminah .
Published: March 2021

Because of the 2019-nCoV shutdown, there is a need for creative ways to spread the information to those without internet access. The aim of this study to test the feasibility of a ‘Seven-Day Education Program to Improve Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices’ in Indonesia. This research involves a quasi-experimental study with one group pre-test and post-test design, and was carried out from April to May 2020 in Serang, Banten Province, Indonesia. The education program was developed in seven days providing information door-to-door and direct consultation via a social media group for studied participants. The topics consisted of 7 themes, namely: (1) general information of 2019-nCoV; (2) transmission of 2019-nCoV; (3) signs and symptoms of 2019-nCoV; (4) what should I do if they have symptoms of COVID-19 and when should they seek medical help; (5) self-isolation; (6) how to use a mask correctly; (7) prevention of 2019-nCoV. The study had a total of 140 respondents. Knowledge of transmission routes and prevention and control for clinical presentation was enhanced after seven days experiencing the educational program. Following the intervention, the trust of the participants in winning the fight against 2019-nCoV increased. There has been a decline in the last few days before people who go to a crowded place and a rise in the proportion of people wearing masks as they go out (p<0.05). Probably this approach could be applied to reach more people in Indonesia’s rural area during this condition. A future study involving more comprehensive methods and more innovation is required in Indonesia to improve awareness, attitudes, and practices towards 2019-nCoV.
 
Keywords: Education Program, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, 2019-nCoV
Analysis of the Management Information System Application Related with Service Data at Hajj Regional General Hospital of Makassar
Authors: Thabran Talib Muhammad , Meilany Lilik , Sukawan Ari
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes the information system at the Hajj Regional General Hospital of Makassar as a service that is needed for both professional health workers and the served community. The information is about service achievement targets, managerial strategic planning, efficiency and effectiveness of health services.This study aims to obtain information service data that will be utilized by a Management Information System (MIS) which includes computerization needs, information personnel, usage of computers and information system support. The research design is a descriptive survey which was conducted from July to August 2019 and data collection was performed by using questionnaires, observation and document review. The results of the study from 50 respondents showed that 29 respondents (58%) filled in basic data as service data information was very high and very complete (79.87%.) Application of the hospital MIS based on the need for computerization and MIS personnel is very high, which are 88.87% and 89.96%. MIS has a great position and is more important in the hospital business industry due to service information is an indication of health service standards. Hospital MIS is an information system that performs all transaction management therefore information management has results in decision making by providing an indicator for the appearance of health services.One of its functions is to handle the recording of service costs, both for action and medication starting from outpatient care until the patient is discharged from the hospital. This research focuses on inpatient service data information that will be used as MIS, which includes computerization needs, information personnel, and the usage of computers and supporting information systems. Our study revealed that the application of MIS at Hajj Regional General Hospital of Makassar must be supported by the media of communication devices, application programs and human resources who have the profession in information systems and advice, the leadership and administrators that will improve the efforts of MIS which can be handled professionally to create an orderly administration, management and advance the quality of health services.
 
Keywords: Information Systems, Management, Service Data
Pre- and Post-Conference Practices Amongst Nursing Students During Clinical Practice: A Literature Review
Authors: Sudrajat Diwa Agus , Rizki Nopia
Published: March 2021

A conference is a team meeting which is undertaken by nursing staff at every shift change. The conference is conducted before (pre-conference) or after (post-conference) handover. The implementation of this conference has an impact on student skills in reporting plans and results of nursing care during shift changes. This study seeks to acquire an overview of the implementation of pre-conference and post-conference practices by nursing students in clinical practice. This research is a literature review study with five articles. Article ratings are measured using the JBI (The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools) format. The literature review was conducted using one database (Google Scholar) for previous studies published in the last 10 years (2010–2020). Of the five articles included in this study, one concluded the discussion pre-conference badly, two concluded the pre-conference was not optimal, and two articles concluded the pre-conference processes were acceptable. For the results obtained in post-conference research, one article did not explain explicitly about the implementation of the post-conference procedures, one concluded that the implementation of the post-conference was not optimal, one concluded that the implementation of the post-conference was quite optimal, and two articles concluded that the post-conference procedures were quite good. It is hoped that the results of this literature review can provide education and information for students, science, educational institutions related to the implementation of the method conference. Nursing students are advised to hold conferences accordingly with standard operating procedures (SOP) for good implementation results
 
Keywords: Nursing Student, conference, clinical practice
Systematic Review of Spiritual Experiences in HIV Patients
Authors: Alawiyah Wiwi , Lindayani Linlin , Herdiman .
Published: March 2021

One of the consequences caused by problems that occur in HIV patients is a change in the quality of life, particularly that relating to spirituality. This article offers a systematic review of previous studies regarding the spiritual safety of HIV patients. Inclusion criteria for article searches were studies conducted on patients with HIV, over 18 years of age, diagnosed with HIV for more than 6 months, qualitative studies, and exploring spiritual experiences. The quality assessment of each article was carried out using the standard format of the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Study. The results of this study include eight articles matching the criteria, and produce four themes that can represent all the articles analyzed: getting closer to God; having hope and life goals; needing support; and finding meaning in life. By identifying and classifying the spiritual experiences of HIV patients, it is hoped that their families will be able to provide motivation in dealing with the problems that occur. It is also hoped that practitioners will be able to use the results of this study as material in collecting assessment data on HIV patients.
 
Keywords: Spiritual Experience, HIV, Qualitative and Literature Review
Correlation Between Consumption of Protein and Vitamin C Among Children Aged 12-24 Months with Anemia in the South Sumedang District
Authors: Elba Fardila , Daryant Eneng , Gumilang Lani , Nurjannah Triastika Ayu , Effendy Nurlaela
Published: March 2021

Anemia commonly occurs in infants aged 12-24 months. One of the causes of anemia in infants is a lack of vitamin C and protein. This study aimed to determine the correlation between protein intake and vitamin C on the incidence of anemia in children under 12-24 months. This research uses an analytic study design with a cross-sectional design. Randomization was conducted to obtain a study sample consisting of 96 toddlers aged 12-24 months. The instrument uses FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) with bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) analysis. The univariate study results showed that out of 96 toddlers, 42 had anemia 42 (43.8%) and 54 did not (56.3%). Based on the bivariate test results, it was found that protein intake of the fulfilled hemoglobin levels had anemia 14.8% and those that were fulfilled did not experience anemia 85.2% with the result p = 0.000. Based on the fulfilled vitamin C intake, 18.9% anemia was fulfilled but 81.1% did not experience anemia with the result p = 0.001. Based on the multivariate test, protein intake was not fulfilled and had anemia p = 0.001, OR = 15.01. This study concludes that there is a relationship between protein and vitamin C intake on the incidence of anemia in infants, and protein intake that is not met will experience a 15x more significant influence on the incidence of anemia in infants
 
Keywords: Children under five, Anemia, Protein intake, Vitamin C intake
Relationship Spirituality and Quality of Life in HIV Patients: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nurfitria Fahira , Lindayani Linlin
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe the relationship between spirituality and quality of life in HIV patients, where spirituality is understood as experience and religiosity as religious rituals of religious groups. This approach emphasizes the wholeness and multidimensional needs of HIV patients, besides reviewing their lives, interpreting what they find, and applying what they have learned to their new lives with HIV. The type of research used is Literature Review. A sample of 45 people was taken from 1,595 HIV patients. There are four articles stating the relationship between spirituality and quality of life considered in this article, that is, the value obtained (p-value: p <.01.)
 
Keywords: spirituality, quality of life, HIV, Systematic Literature Review