bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of ocular disorders presumed to be inherited in three small Italian dog breeds in Italy
Authors: Guandalini Adolfo , Di Girolamo Nicola , Corvi Roberta , Santillo Daniele , Andreani Valentina , Pinzo Barbara
Published: December 2017

Objective

To describe the prevalence and the types of eye disorders that are known or presumed to be inherited (KP‐HED) in three small Italian dog breeds.

Animals

Three small Italian dog breeds: Maltese, Bolognese, and Italian Greyhound.

Procedures

All dogs of the breeds selected for this prospective observational study that underwent a complete ophthalmic examination between 1994 and 2015 were included. General and proportional KP‐HED prevalence with 95% confidence intervals were reported.

Results

Three hundred and six of 462 dogs were affected by at least one KP‐HED (66.2%; 95% CI: 61.8%–70.4%). In the entire population, the five most common KP‐HED were cataract (n = 122; rate on the total number of KP‐HED: 31.4%), entropion (n = 56; 14.4%), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (n = 33; 8.5%), retinal dysplasia (n = 24; 6.2%), and persistent pupillary membrane (iris to iris) (n = 21; 5.4%). The most common KP‐HED in each breed were cataracts in the Maltese (35.1%) and in the Bolognese (24.2%), and presentation of vitreous in the anterior chamber in the Italian Greyhound (46.7%).

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware of KP‐HED that commonly affect three small Italian dog breeds. Breed standards should be reconsidered, and breeding programs should be directed at limiting such disorders.
A Mathematical Theory of Language
Authors: Gua Hans
Published: December 2017

Modern linguistics cannot define and identify the best or standard pronunciations, writing and grammar. The choice and decision of sole human unified standard official or common language cannot be solved by modern linguistics generally. The current linguistics is no longer met the human developments because it can’t answer what the best language is. The sole unified standard official global English cannot appear because of English linguistic level and shortcoming mainly. English linguistics comes to predominate in the contemporary era. Negating and improving the current linguistics must be negated and improved English linguistics first. The finite numerals are expressed infinite quantities in the mathematics. The finite sounds are represented the infinite meanings in the language. The theory and method are almost same in the mathematics and linguistics generally. The linguistics is a branch or concrete application of information theory (IT). IT is based on the probability theory and statistics generally. A meaning is often certain code, string of codes or mathematical value in the language. Defining or explaining certain meaning of language is measured and calculated a mathematical value actually. A subsystem or subtopic such as language teaching is often based on the general linguistics.
Optimization of the Heat Transfer Rate of Energy Systems of Conductive Bodies Confined to the Center of a Cavity
Authors: Habbachi Fatma , Oueslati Fakhreddine S. , Bennacer Rachid , Elcafsi Afif
Published: December 2017

This paper is a numerical study conducted to investigate the conjugate flow and heat transfer occurring in three-dimensional (3D) natural convection. A cubical enclosure partially filled with porous block (central cubic) and considered in local thermal equilibrium with the fluid. The physical case considered concerns the existence of a horizontal temperature difference across the enclosure, between the left and the right wall, with the other external surfaces being adiabatic. Under these conditions, flow inside the enclosure is generated by the density (temperature) difference across the enclosure and the interaction between the solid porous blocks and the fluid. The Nusselt number on the hot and cold walls is presented to illustrate the overall characteristics of heat transfer consequence of the constrained flow inside the enclosure. The study focuses on the fluid flow and heat transfer evolution versus the dimensionless thickness of the inserted porous layer (0% ≤ η ≤ 100%) and the relative thermal conductivity of the solid matrix to that of the fluid (10−3≤λ̃≤103). The obtained complex flow structure and the corresponding heat transfer (velocity, temperature profiles) are discussed in a steady-state situation. The numerical results are illustrated in terms of isotherms, velocity, streamlines fields, and averaged Nusselt number. Thus, the results of this work can help developing new tools and to optimize the overall heat transfer rate, which is important in many electronic energy components and other energy recovering systems.
Development of Reliable NARX Models of Gas Turbine Cold, Warm, and Hot Start-Up
Authors: Bahlawan Hilal , Morini Mirko , Pinelli Michele , Ruggero Spina Pier , Venturini Mauro
Published: December 2017

This paper documents the setup and validation of nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) models of a heavy-duty single-shaft gas turbine (GT). The data used for model training are time series datasets of several different maneuvers taken experimentally on a GT General Electric PG 9351FA during the start-up procedure and refer to cold, warm, and hot start-up. The trained NARX models are used to predict other experimental datasets, and comparisons are made among the outputs of the models and the corresponding measured data. Therefore, this paper addresses the challenge of setting up robust and reliable NARX models, by means of a sound selection of training datasets and a sensitivity analysis on the number of neurons. Moreover, a new performance function for the training process is defined to weigh more the most rapid transients. The final aim of this paper is the setup of a powerful, easy-to-build and very accurate simulation tool, which can be used for both control logic tuning and GT diagnostics, characterized by good generalization capability.
The detailed shapes of equal-loudness-level contours at low frequencies
Authors: Jurado Carlos , Gallegos Pablo , Gordillo Darío , Moore Brian C. J.
Published: December 2017

High-resolution equal-loudness-level contours (ELCs) were measured over the frequency range 10–250 Hz using 19 normal-hearing subjects. Three levels of the 50-Hz reference sound were used, corresponding to the levels at 50 Hz of the 30-, 50-, and 70-phon standardized ELCs given in ISO-226:2003. The dynamic range of the contours generally decreased with increasing reference level, and the slope was shallow between 10 and 20 Hz, consistent with previous studies. For the lowest level, the ELCs were sometimes but not always smooth and on average followed the standardized 30-phon contour for frequencies above 40 Hz. For the two higher levels, the individual ELCs showed a distinct non-monotonic feature in a “transition region” between about 40 and 100 Hz, where the slope could reach near-zero or even positive values. The pattern of the non-monotonic feature was similar across levels for the subjects for whom it was observed, but the pattern varied across subjects. Below 40 Hz, the slopes of the ELCs increased markedly for all loudness levels, and the levels exceeded those of the standardized ELCs. Systematic deviations from the standardized ELCs were largest for frequencies below 40 Hz for all levels and within the transition region for the two higher levels.
Intracyclic Variation of Force and Swimming Performance
Authors: Morouço Pedro G. , Barbosa Tiago M. , Arellano Raul , Vilas-Boas João P.
Published: December 2017

Context: In front-crawl swimming, the upper limbs perform alternating movements with the aim of achieving a continuous application of force in the water, leading to lower intracyclic velocity variation (dv). This parameter has been identified as a crucial criterion for swimmers’ evaluation. Purpose: To examine the assessment of intracyclic force variation (dF) and to analyze its relationship with dv and swimming performance. Methods: A total of 22 high-level male swimmers performed a maximal-effort 50-m front-crawl time trial and a 30-s maximal-effort fully tethered swimming test, which were randomly assigned. Instantaneous velocity was obtained by a speedometer and force by a strain-gauge system. Results: Similarity was observed between the tests, with dF attaining much higher magnitudes than dv (P < .001; d = 8.89). There were no differences in stroke rate or in physiological responses between tethered and free swimming, with a high level of agreement for the stroke rate and blood lactate increase. Swimming velocity presented a strong negative linear relationship with dF (r = −.826, P < .001) and a moderate negative nonlinear relationship with dv (r = .734, P < .01). With the addition of the maximum impulse to dF, multiple-regression analysis explained 83% of the free-swimming performance. Conclusions: Assessing dF is a promising approach for evaluating a swimmer’s performance. From the experiments, this new parameter showed that swimmers with higher dF also present higher dv, leading to a decrease in performance.
Effect of the PreBind Engagement Process on Scrum Timing and Stability in the 2013–16 Six Nations
Authors: Bradley Edward J. , Hogg Bob , Archer David T.
Published: December 2017

This study examined whether changes in scrum engagement laws from the “crouch-touch-set” in 2013 to the “PreBind” engagement from 2014 onward have led to changes in scrum characteristics, specifically timing, in international rugby union. Duration and outcomes were identified for all scrums occurring in the 2013–16 Six Nations (N = 60 games) using video analysis. Scrum duration increased after the introduction of the PreBind engagement from 59 s in 2013 to 69 s in 2016 (P = .024, effect size = 0.93). A significant increase in mean contact duration per scrum occurred when prebinding was adopted (P < .05), moving from 7.5 s under the crouch-touch-set process to 8.5, 10.0, and 10.8 s with PreBind in 2014, 2015, and 2016 (effect size = 0.71, 2.05, and 3.0, respectively). The number of scrum resets and collapsed scrums, along with early engagement and pulling down infringements, was lower under the PreBind process. Overall, the PreBind engagement resulted in longer scrums with significant increases observed in overall and contact durations, with improved stability-related characteristics. The longer contact time is a consequence of increased stability with a shift from high-energy impact to a sustained push phase with a lower force that is a benefit to player welfare.
Core Temperature Responses to Cold-Water Immersion Recovery: A Pooled-Data Analysis
Authors: Stephens Jessica M. , Sharpe Ken , Gore Christopher , Miller Joanna , Slater Gary J. , Versey Nathan , Peiffer Jeremiah , Duffield Rob , Minett Geoffrey M. , Crampton David , Dunne Alan , Askew Christopher D. , Halson Shona L.
Published: December 2017

Purpose:To examine the effect of postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) protocols, compared with control (CON), on the magnitude and time course of core temperature (Tc) responses.Methods:Pooled-data analyses were used to examine theTcresponses of 157 subjects from previous postexercise CWI trials in the authors’ laboratories. CWI protocols varied with different combinations of temperature, duration, immersion depth, and mode (continuous vs intermittent).Tcwas examined as a double difference (ΔΔTc), calculated as the change inTcin CWI condition minus the corresponding change in CON. The effect of CWI on ΔΔTcwas assessed using separate linear mixed models across 2 time components (component 1, immersion; component 2, postintervention).Results:Intermittent CWI resulted in a mean decrease in ΔΔTcthat was 0.25°C (0.10°C) (estimate [SE]) greater than continuous CWI during the immersion component (P = .02). There was a significant effect of CWI temperature during the immersion component (P = .05), where reductions in water temperature of 1°C resulted in decreases in ΔΔTcof 0.03°C (0.01°C). Similarly, the effect of CWI duration was significant during the immersion component (P = .01), where every 1 min of immersion resulted in a decrease in ΔΔTcof 0.02°C (0.01°C). The peak difference inTcbetween the CWI and CON interventions during the postimmersion component occurred at 60 min postintervention.Conclusions:Variations in CWI mode, duration, and temperature may have a significant effect on the extent of change inTc. Careful consideration should be given to determine the optimal amount of core cooling before deciding which combination of protocol factors to prescribe.
Weight Loss Strategies in Combat Sports and Concerning Habits in Mixed Martial Arts
Authors: Barley Oliver R. , Chapman Dale W. , Abbiss Chris R.
Published: December 2017

Context: Combat sports are typically divided into weight classes, and body-mass manipulation to reach a weight class is commonplace. Previous research suggests that weight loss practices in mixed martial arts (MMA) may be more extreme than in other combat sports. Purpose: To investigate the magnitude of weight loss and the prevalence of weight loss strategies in different combat sports. Methods: Competitors (N = 637) from Brazilian jiu-jitsu, boxing, judo, MMA, Muay Thai/kickboxing, taekwondo, and wrestling completed an online questionnaire seeking information regarding their weight loss practices. Results: Body-mass manipulation was commonly undertaken by all combat-sport athletes, with a particularly high incidence of gradual dieting, increased exercise, and fluid restriction. Skipping meals was higher in taekwondo and wrestling (84%) compared with the other combat sports (∼58%), whereas training in heated rooms and forced oral fluid loss (spitting) was higher in wrestling (83% and 47%, respectively) compared with other combat sports (∼45% and ∼19%, respectively). MMA athletes reported the highest usage of sauna (76%) and water loading (67%) while also reporting the second-highest use of training in rubber/plastic suits (63%). Conclusions: Body-mass manipulation was present in all combat sports, with the prevalence and magnitude of acute weight loss greater in MMA. The incidence of and practices reported will help support staff be fully aware of the variety of methods these athletes and coaches may use to achieve weight loss. Additionally, the results could aid regulatory bodies in the further development of policies on weight cutting.
Femoral Neck Stress in Older Adults During Stair Ascent and Descent
Authors: Deng Chen , Gillette Jason C. , Derrick Timothy R.
Published: December 2017

A detailed understanding of the hip loading environment is needed to help prevent hip fractures, minimize hip pain, rehabilitate hip injuries, and design osteogenic exercises for the hip. The purpose of this study was to compare femoral neck stress during stair ascent and descent and to identify the contribution of muscles and reaction forces to the stress environment in mature adult subjects (n = 17; age: 50–65 y). Motion analysis and inverse dynamics were combined with musculoskeletal modeling and optimization, then used as input to an elliptical femoral neck cross-sectional model to estimate femoral neck stress. Peak stress values at the 2 peaks of the bimodal stress curves (stress vs time plot) were compared between stair ascent and descent. Stair ascent had greater compressive stress than descent during the first peak at the anterior (ascent: −18.0 [7.9] MPa, descent: −12.9 [5.4] MPa, P < .001) and posterior (ascent: −34.4 [10.9] MPa, descent: −27.8 [10.1] MPa, P < .001) aspects of the femoral neck cross section. Stair descent had greater tensile stress during both peaks at the superior aspect (ascent: 1.3 [7.0] MPa, descent: 24.8 [9.7] MPa, peak 1: P < .001; ascent: 15.7 [6.1] MPa, descent: 18.0 [8.4] MPa, peak 2: P = .03) and greater compressive stress during the second peak at the inferior aspect (ascent: −43.8 [9.7] MPa, descent: −51.1 [14.3] MPa, P = .004). Understanding this information can provide a more comprehensive view of bone loading at the femoral neck for older population.
Cohort profile: Study of Transition, Outcomes and Gender (STRONG) to assess health status of transgender people
Authors: Quinn Virginia P , Nash Rebecca , Hunkeler Enid , Contreras Richard , Cromwell Lee , Becerra-Culqui Tracy A , Getahun Darios , Giammattei Shawn , Lash Timothy L , Millman Andrea , Robinson Brandi , Roblin Douglas , Silverberg Michael J , Slovis Jennifer , Tangpricha Vin , Tolsma Dennis , Valentine Cadence , Ward Kevin , Winter Savannah , Goodman Michael
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The Study of Transition, Outcomes and Gender (STRONG) was initiated to assess the health status of transgender people in general and following gender-affirming treatments at Kaiser Permanente health plans in Georgia, Northern California and Southern California. The objectives of this communication are to describe methods of cohort ascertainment and data collection and to characterise the study population.

Participants

A stepwise methodology involving computerised searches of electronic medical records and free-text validation of eligibility and gender identity was used to identify a cohort of 6456 members with first evidence of transgender status (index date) between 2006 and 2014. The cohort included 3475 (54%) transfeminine (TF), 2892 (45%) transmasculine (TM) and 89 (1%) members whose natal sex and gender identity remained undetermined from the records. The cohort was matched to 127 608 enrollees with no transgender evidence (63 825 women and 63 783 men) on year of birth, race/ethnicity, study site and membership year of the index date. Cohort follow-up extends through the end of 2016.

Findings to date

About 58% of TF and 52% of TM cohort members received hormonal therapy at Kaiser Permanente. Chest surgery was more common among TM participants (12% vs 0.3%). The proportions of transgender participants who underwent genital reconstruction surgeries were similar (4%–5%) in the two transgender groups. Results indicate that there are sufficient numbers of events in the TF and TM cohorts to further examine mental health status, cardiovascular events, diabetes, HIV and most common cancers.

Future plans

STRONG is well positioned to fill existing knowledge gaps through comparisons of transgender and reference populations and through analyses of health status before and after gender affirmation treatment. Analyses will include incidence of cardiovascular disease, mental health, HIV and diabetes, as well as changes in laboratory-based endpoints (eg, polycythemia and bone density), overall and in relation to gender affirmation therapy.
Cross-sectional analyses of participation in cancer screening and use of hormone replacement therapy and medications in meat eaters and vegetarians: the EPIC-Oxford study
Authors: Tong Tammy Y N , Appleby Paul N , Bradbury Kathryn E , Key Timothy J
Published: December 2017

Objectives

To examine differences in health-related behaviours such as screening or testing for cancer, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and use of other medications in different diet groups.

Design

We studied 31 260 participants across four diet groups (18 155 meat eaters, 5012 fish eaters, 7179 vegetarians, 914 vegans) in the UK EPIC-Oxford cohort. Information was collected in 5-year (around 2000–2003) or 10-year (around 2007) follow-up questionnaires regarding participation in breast screening, cervical screening, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, use of HRT and use of medications for the past 4 weeks. Using Poisson regression, we estimated the prevalence ratios (PR) for each behaviour across people of different diet groups, using meat eaters as the reference group.

Results

Compared with meat eaters, vegetarian (PR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98) and vegan (PR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.95) women reported lower participation in breast screening, and vegetarian men were less likely to report PSA testing (PR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.96). No differences were observed among women for cervical screening. In women, all non-meat-eating groups reported lower use of HRT compared with meat eaters (P heterogeneity <0.0001). Lower reported use of any medication was observed for participants in all non-meat-eating groups with no (P<0.0001) or one (P=0.0002) self-reported illness. No heterogeneity was observed across the diet groups for the reported use of specific medication for high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, asthma, diabetes and thyroid disease.

Conclusions

Differences in self-reported breast screening, PSA testing, HRT use and overall medication use were observed across the diet groups. Whether such differences contribute to differential long-term disease risks requires further study.
Comprehensive overview of computer-based health information tailoring: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ghalibaf Azadeh Kamel , Nazari Elham , Gholian-Aval Mahdi , Tabesh Hamed , Tara Mahmood
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Tailoring health information to the needs of individuals has become an important part of modern health communications. Tailoring has been addressed by researchers from different disciplines leading to the emergence of a wide range of approaches, making the newcomers confused. In order to address this, a comprehensive overview of the field with the indications of research gaps, tendencies and trends will be helpful. As a result, a systematic protocol was outlined to conduct a scoping review within the field of computer-based health information tailoring.

Methods and analysis

This protocol is based on the York’s five-stage framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. A field-specific structure was defined as a basis for undertaking each stage. The structure comprised three main aspects:system design,information communicationandevaluation. Five leading databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCO and IEEE and a broad search strategy was used with less strict inclusion criteria to cover the breadth of evidence. Theoretical frameworks were used to develop the data extraction form and a rigorous approach was introduced to identify the categories from data. Several explanatory-descriptive methods were considered to analyse the data, from which some were proposed to be employed for the first time in scoping studies.

Ethics and dissemination

This study investigates the breadth and depth of existing literature on computer-tailoring and as a secondary analysis, does not require ethics approval. We anticipate that the results will identify research gaps and novel ideas for future studies and provide direction to combine methods from different disciplines. The research findings will be submitted for publication to relevant peer-reviewed journals and conferences targeting health promotion and patient education.
Revising existing instruments for measuring bystander intervention opportunity and frequency of prosocial response for the prevention of sexual violence
Authors: Hoxmeier Jill C
Published: December 2017

Institutions of higher education increasingly offer training programmes to engage students’ as pro-social bystanders who can intervene in situations related to sexual violence. The purpose of this study was to assess the usage of a bystander behaviour measurement tool that captures both students’ intervention opportunities and frequency of prosocial response. University undergraduate students in the Northwestern USA (n=474) completed online surveys in the Fall of 2016. Results show that students have opportunities to intervene in a variety of situations at the three levels of prevention for campus sexual violence and they do not always intervene. The frequency of students’ prosocial bystander response ranged, for those with the opportunity, from ‘never’ to ‘always’; students reported varying degrees of intervention frequency depending on the situation. A bystander intervention behaviour instrument measuring opportunity and frequency of response can be a valuable tool for assessing the effectiveness of bystander training programmes.
Holographic reconstruction of scalar fields in extended Kaluza–Klein cosmology
Authors: Korunur Murat
Published: December 2017

In recent years, many studies have been conducted to reconstruct the physical properties of scalar fields by establishing a connection between some energy densities and a scalar field of dark energies. In this paper, using the extended five-dimensional (5D) Kaluza–Klein model, we establish a correspondence among modified holographic dark energy and the tachyon, K-essence and dilaton scalar-field models. We also graphically illustrate the evolution of the equation-of-state parameter versus time.
Multifunctional logic gates based on silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides
Authors: Cui Luna , Yu Li
Published: December 2017

Nano-scale Multifunctional Logic Gates based on Si hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWGs) are designed by utilizing the multimode interference (MMI) effect. The proposed device is composed of three input waveguides, three output waveguides and an MMI waveguide. The functional size of the device is only 1000 nm × 3200 nm, which is much smaller than traditional Si-based all-optical logic gates. By setting different input signals and selecting suitable threshold value, OR, AND, XOR and NOT gates are achieved simultaneously or individually in a single device. This may provide a way for ultrahigh speed signal processing and future nanophotonic integrated circuits.
String Theory Explanation of Large-Scale Anisotropy and Anomalous Alignment
Authors: Sha Zhi Gang , Xiu Rulin
Published: December 2017

The discovery of anomalies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) indicates large-scale anisotropies, non-Gaussian distributions, and anomalous alignments of the quadrupole and octupole modes of the anisotropy with each other and with both the ecliptic and equinoxes. Further analysis indicates that the statistical anisotropy and non-Gaussian temperature fluctuations are mainly due to long-range correlations. However, the source of the large-scale correlation and the cause of the anomalous alignment in CMB remains unknown. In this work, we show a new development in string theory, the universal wave function interpretation of string theory (UWFIST) indicates the existence of large-scale quantum vibrations. These large-scale quantum vibrations can cause the large-scale correlation and anomalous alignment observed in the background field. They can explain the observed large-scale anisotropies, non-Gaussian distributions, and anomalous alignments of the quadrupole and octupole modes in the microwave background.
Metastatic Recurrence of Typical Pulmonary Carcinoid Accompanied by Carcinoid Syndrome, Successfully Treated with Octreotide LAR
Authors: Yanagisawa Asako , Hirano Satoshi , Shimizu Shinichiro , Hiroishi Takuma , Shikano Kohei , Hayama Noriko , Fujita Tetsuo , Amano Hiroyuki , Nakamura Makoto , Nakamura Sukeyuki , Tabeta Hiroshi
Published: December 2017

We present a case of metastatic recurrence of carcinoid tumor accompanied by carcinoid syndrome in a 68-year-old Japanese man, 12 years after resection of typical pulmonary carcinoid. Histopathologic examination from percutaneous liver biopsy revealed metastatic typical carcinoid. Clinical symptoms gradually improved after administration of octreotide LAR. Two years after starting treatment, the disease remains well controlled. This case report illustrates the possibility of antiproliferative effects of octreotide LAR on typical pulmonary carcinoid.
A Novel L-Shape Ultra Wideband Chipless Radio-Frequency Identification Tag
Authors: Issa Khaled , Ashraf Muhammad A. , AlShareef Mohammed R. , Behairy Hatim , Alshebeili Saleh , Fathallah Habib
Published: December 2017

A novel compact dual-polarized-spectral-signature-based chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented. Specifically, an L-shape resonator-based structure is optimized to have different spectral signatures in both horizontal and vertical polarizations, in order to double the encoding capacity. Resonators’ slot width and the space between closely placed resonators are also optimized to enhance the mutual coupling, thereby helping in achieving high-data encoding density. The proposed RFID tag operates over 5 GHz to 10 GHz frequency band. As a proof of concept, three different 18-bit dual-polarized RFID tags are simulated, fabricated, and tested in an anechoic chamber environment. The measurement data show reasonable agreement with the simulation results, with respect to resonators’ frequency positions, null depth, and their bandwidth over the operational spectrum.
A Hybrid Lumped Parameters/Finite Element/Boundary Element Model to Predict the Vibroacoustic Characteristics of an Axial Piston Pump
Authors: Ye Shaogan , Zhang Junhui , Xu Bing , Song Wei , Zhu Shiqiang
Published: December 2017

Low noise axial piston pumps become the rapid increasing demand in modern hydraulic fluid power systems. This paper proposes a systematic approach to simulate the vibroacoustic characteristics of an axial piston pump using a hybrid lumped parameters/finite element/boundary element (LP/FE/BE) model, and large amount of experimental work was performed to validate the model. The LP model was developed to calculate the excitation forces and was validated by a comparison of outlet flow ripples. The FE model was developed to calculate the vibration of the pump, in which the modeling of main friction pairs using different spring elements was presented in detail, and the FE model was validated using experimental modal analysis and measured vibrations. The BE model was used to calculate the noise emitted from the pump, and a measurement of sound pressure level at representative field points in a hemianechoic chamber was conducted to validate the BE model. Comparisons between the simulated and measured results show that the developed LP/FE/BE model is effective in capturing the vibroacoustic characteristics of the pump. The presented approach can be extended to other types of fluid power components and contributes to the development of quieter fluid power systems.
Allogenic Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Acute Hepatic Injury in Dogs
Authors: Teshima Takahiro , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Michishita Masaki , Matsuoka Akito , Shiba Maika , Nagashima Tomokazu , Koyama Hidekazu
Published: December 2017

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) are an attractive source for cell-based therapy of some diseases, including acute and chronic liver failure, in not only human medicine but also veterinary medicine. However, in veterinary medicine, no studies have reported the effects of AT-MSCs on liver injury in dogs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of allogenic AT-MSCs on acute liver injury by carbon tetrachloride in dogs and to compare the therapeutic effects of AT-MSCs transplanted via the peripheral vein (PV) or splenic vein (SV). After transplantation of AT-MSCs through the PV or SV, serum liver enzymes were decreased significantly, and SV injection was more effective compared with PV injection. By comparing the number of engrafted AT-MSCs in the liver, SV injection was significantly more effective than PV injection. mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IFNγ, in the liver were decreased significantly, but those of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, HGF, and VEGFA, were significantly increased after the first AT-MSC injection. These findings suggest that allogenic AT-MSCs injected via the PV or SV ameliorate acute hepatic injury in dogs, and AT-MSCs injected via the SV provide more effective improvement.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and Factors Associated with Each of Them in a Cohort Followed Up between 2010 and 2014
Authors: Cardoso Mayara A. , Brasil Pedro Emmanuel A. A. do , Schmaltz Carolina Arana Stanis , Sant’Anna Flavia M. , Rolla Valeria C.
Published: December 2017

Tuberculosis treatment has undergone recent changes in Brazil. Objective. To assess whether favorable outcomes on tuberculosis therapy improved in recent years. Methods. Retrospective observational study, based on primary data of tuberculosis patients, followed at INI-FIOCRUZ, from January 2012 to December 2014. Results. The outcomes observed were as follows: cure (80%), default (14%), treatment failure (5%), and death (1%). HIV infection without antiretroviral therapy [OR 0.34 (0.15–0.79)], tuberculosis diagnosis based on sputum smear [OR 0.22 (0.07–0.74)], drug use [OR 0.22 (0.11–0.46)], and/or treatment interruption due to adverse reactions [OR 0.23 (0.08–0.67)] decreased the chance of cure. Predictors of default, that is, use of noninjecting drugs [OR 3.00 (95% CL 1.31–6.88)], treatment interruption due to adverse reactions [OR 6.30 (1.81–21.95)], low schooling [OR 2.59 (2.15–5.82)], higher age [OR 0.44 (0.23–0.82)], and female gender [OR 0.28 (0.11–0.71)], reduced the chance of treatment default. Tuberculosis diagnosis based on sputum smear [OR 7.77 (1.94–31.09)] and/or arterial hypertension [OR 4.07 (1.25–13.18)] was associated with treatment failure. Conclusion. Mortality and default were low considering the prevalence of HIV infection; however cure was not significantly increased.
Antifungal Compounds againstCandidaInfections from Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Liu Xin , Ma Zhiming , Zhang Jingxiao , Yang Longfei
Published: December 2017

Infections caused byCandida albicans, often refractory and with high morbidity and mortality, cause a heavy burden on the public health while the current antifungal drugs are limited and are associated with toxicity and resistance. Many plant-derived molecules including compounds isolated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are reported to have antifungal activity through different targets such as cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, and virulence factors. Here, we review the recent progress in the anti-Candidacompounds from TCM, as well as their antifungal mechanisms. Considering the diverse targets and structures, compounds from TCM might be a potential library for antifungal drug development.
Community-Acquired Cavitary Pseudomonas Pneumonia Linked to Use of a Home Humidifier
Authors: Woods Eric , Cohen Gabriel , Bressman Eric , Lin David , Zeitouni Nathalie E. , Beckford Colleen , Hamula Camille , van Bakel Harm , Sullivan Mitchell , Altman Deena R. , Caplivski Daniel
Published: December 2017

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that rarely causes pneumonia in otherwise healthy patients. We describe a case of community-acquired P. aeruginosa pneumonia in a previously healthy individual who likely acquired the infection from a home humidifier.
Effects of Water Inrush from Tunnel Excavation Face on the Deformation and Mechanical Performance of Shield Tunnel Segment Joints
Authors: Zhao Tingsheng , Liu Wen , Ye Zhi
Published: December 2017

Water inrush from the excavation face often occurs in the current shield construction of metro tunnels. In this study, the discontinuity of shield tunnel lining and the interaction between the tunnel segments, the grouting layer, and the surrounding rock are considered. Based on the 3D nonlinear contact theory, a hybrid model of the shield tunnel is constructed. Considering the fluid-solid coupling effect of water and soil, the influences of different water head differences on the mechanical performance and deformation of segments and joints in the shield tunnel are studied. The water gushing from the excavation face leads to vertical convergence of the cross-sectional area of the shield tunnel, and joint opening and dislocation result in sharp decrease of the waterproof capacity of joints. Meanwhile, the stress in the vicinity of segment joints increases sharply, and local cracks occur in the segment lining. The axial force, shear force, and bending moment in the joint bolt are also significantly increased. Based on the current metro standard and the computational results in this study, an emergency control criterion is put forward by means of controlling the discharge of water: the water head difference over the excavation face is required less than 4.6 M.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organics by Using Nanocrystalline Titania
Authors: Ahmad Sana , Nazir Anam , Hussain Tousif
Published: December 2017

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were prepared by a modified sol-gel route. Titanium butoxide was used as precursor and nebulizer was used for a fine spray of particles. The prepared powders were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and TGA-DTA methods. The results indicated that nanoparticles with small size and high surface area were synthesized. XRD result indicated that TiO2nanoparticles were obtained in pure anatase crystalline form with a crystallite size of 40 nm. The catalytic activity of as-synthesized nanoparticles was tested for the degradation of formic acid and toluene.
Benign Recurrent Sixth Nerve Palsy in a Child
Authors: Gonçalves Rita , Coelho Pedro , Menezes Carlos , Ribeiro Isabel
Published: December 2017

Benign recurrent sixth nerve palsy in children is rare. It typically occurs following viral illness or immunization, and prognosis is usually excellent. However, it is always a diagnosis of exclusion given the more serious alternative causes. Therefore, a thorough examination with brain imaging is recommended. The authors report a child with six recurrent episodes of isolated benign sixth nerve palsy.
Fault Diagnosis Method of Check Valve Based on Multikernel Cost-Sensitive Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Ma Jun , Wu Jiande , Wang Xiaodong
Published: December 2017

Check valve is one of the most important components and most easily damaged parts in high pressure diaphragm pump, which is a typical representative of reciprocating machinery. In order to ensure the normal operation of the pump, it is necessary to monitor its running state and diagnose fault. However, in the fault diagnosis of check valve, the classification models with single kernel function can not fully interpret the classification decision function, and meanwhile unreasonable assumption of diagnostic cost equalization has a significant impact on classification results. Therefore, the multikernel function and cost-sensitive mechanism are introduced to construct the fault diagnosis model of check valve based on the multikernel cost-sensitive extreme learning machine (MKL-CS-ELM) in this paper. The comparative test results of check valve for high pressure diaphragm pump show that MKL-CS-ELM can obtain fairly or slightly better performance than ELM, CS-ELM, MKL-ELM, and multikernel cost-sensitive support vector learning machine (MKL-CS-SVM). At the same time, the presented method can obtain very high accuracy under imbalance datasets condition and effectively overcome the weakness of diagnostic cost equalization and improve the interpretability and reliability of the decision function of classification model. It, therefore, is more suitable for the practical application.
Familial and Somatic BAP1 Mutations Inactivate ASXL1/2-Mediated Allosteric Regulation of BAP1 Deubiquitinase by Targeting Multiple Independent Domains
Authors: Peng Hongzhuang , Prokop Jeremy , Karar Jayashree , Park Kyewon , Cao Li , Harbour J. William , Bowcock Anne M. , Malkowicz S. Bruce , Cheung Mitchell , Testa Joseph R. , Rauscher Frank J.
Published: December 2017

Deleterious mutations of the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase BAP1 found in cancers are predicted to encode inactive truncated proteins, suggesting that loss of enzyme function is a primary tumorigenic mechanism. However, many tumors exhibit missense mutations or in-frame deletions or insertions, often outside the functionally critical UCH domain in this tumor suppressor protein. Thus, precisely how these mutations inactivate BAP1 is unknown. Here, we show how these mutations affect BAP1 interactions with the Polycomb group-like protein, ASXL2, using combinations of computational modeling technology, molecular biology, and in vitro reconstitution biochemistry. We found that the BAP1–ASXL2 interaction is direct and high affinity, occurring through the ASXH domain of ASXL2, an obligate partner for BAP1 enzymatic activity. The ASXH domain was the minimal domain for binding the BAP1 ULD domain, and mutations on the surfaces of predicted helices of ASXH abolished BAP1 association and stimulation of BAP1 enzymatic activity. The BAP1-UCH, BAP1-ULD, and ASXH domains formed a cooperative stable ternary complex required for deubiquitination. We defined four classes of alterations in BAP1 outside the UCH domain, each failing to productively recruit ASXH to the wild-type BAP1 catalytic site via the ULD, resulting in loss of BAP1 ubiquitin hydrolase activity. Our results indicate that many BAP1 mutations act allosterically to inhibit ASXH binding, thereby leading to loss of enzyme activity. Small-molecule approaches to reactivate latent wild-type UCH activity of these mutants might be therapeutically viable.

Significance: Combined computational and biochemical approaches demonstrate that the BAP1–ASXL2 interaction is direct and high affinity and that many BAP1 mutations act allosterically to inhibit BAP1–ASXL2 binding. Cancer Res; 78(5); 1200–13. ©2017 AACR.
An Anti-GDNF Family Receptor Alpha 1 (GFRA1) Antibody–Drug Conjugate for the Treatment of Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Bhakta Sunil , Crocker Lisa M. , Chen Yvonne , Hazen Meredith , Schutten Melissa M. , Li Dongwei , Kuijl Coenraad , Ohri Rachana , Zhong Fiona , Poon Kirsten A. , Go Mary Ann T. , Cheng Eric , Piskol Robert , Firestein Ron , Fourie-O'Donohue Aimee , Kozak Katherine R. , Raab Helga , Hongo Jo-Anne , Sampath Deepak , Dennis Mark S. , Scheller Richard H. , Polakis Paul , Junutula Jagath R.
Published: December 2017

Luminal A (hormone receptor-positive) breast cancer constitutes 70% of total breast cancer patients. In an attempt to develop a targeted therapeutic for this cancer indication, we have identified and characterized Glial cell line–Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) Family Receptor Alpha 1 (GFRA1) antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) using a cleavable valine-citrulline-MMAE (vcMMAE) linker-payload. RNAseq and IHC analysis confirmed the abundant expression of GFRA1 in luminal A breast cancer tissues, whereas minimal or no expression was observed in most normal tissues. Anti–GFRA-vcMMAE ADC internalized to the lysosomes and exhibited target-dependent killing of GFRA1-expressing cells both in vitro and in vivo. The ADCs using humanized anti-GFRA1 antibodies displayed robust therapeutic activity in clinically relevant cell line–derived (MCF7 and KPL-1) tumor xenograft models. The lead anti-GFRA1 ADC cross-reacts with rodent and cynomolgus monkey GFRA1 antigen and showed optimal pharmacokinetic properties in both species. These properties subsequently enabled a target-dependent toxicity study in rats. Anti-GFRA1 ADC is well tolerated in rats, as seen with other vcMMAE linker–payload based ADCs. Overall, these data suggest that anti–GFRA1-vcMMAE ADC may provide a targeted therapeutic opportunity for luminal A breast cancer patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 638–49. ©2017 AACR.
Weight Loss and Exercise Alter the High-Density Lipoprotein Lipidome and Improve High-Density Lipoprotein Functionality in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Khan Anmar A. , Mundra Piyushkumar A. , Straznicky Nora E. , Nestel Paul J. , Wong Gerard , Tan Ricardo , Huynh Kevin , Ng Theodore W. , Mellett Natalie A. , Weir Jacquelyn M. , Barlow Christopher K. , Alshehry Zahir H. , Lambert Gavin W. , Kingwell Bronwyn A. , Meikle Peter J.
Published: December 2017

Objective—

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) lipid composition and function may better reflect cardiovascular risk than HDL cholesterol concentration. This study characterized the relationships between HDL composition, metabolism, and function in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients and how changes in composition after weight loss (WL) and exercise treatments are related to function.

Approach and Results—

Plasma samples from MetS patients (n=95) and healthy individuals (n=40) were used in this study. Subsets of the MetS group underwent 12 weeks of no treatment (n=17), WL (n=19), or WL plus exercise (WLEX; n=17). HDL was isolated using density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The HDL lipidome was analyzed by mass spectrometry, and particle size determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and ex vivo HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) were assessed. The HDL lipidome in the MetS patients was substantially different from that in healthy individuals, mean particle size was smaller, and CEC was lower. Several HDL phospholipid and sphingolipid species were associated with HDL diameter and CEC. The HDL lipidome and particle size were modified toward the healthy individuals after WL and WLEX treatments, with greater effects observed in the latter group. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity was reduced after WL and WLEX, and CEC was improved after WLEX.

Conclusions—

WLEX treatment in MetS patients normalizes the HDL lipidome and particle size profile and enhances CEC. HDL lipids associated with diminished CEC may represent novel biomarkers for early prediction of HDL dysfunction and disease risk and may represent potential therapeutic targets for future HDL therapies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00163943
Efficacy and Safety of Individualized Coaching After Stroke: the LAST Study (Life After Stroke)
Authors: Askim Torunn , Langhammer Birgitta , Ihle-Hansen Hege , Gunnes Mari , Lydersen Stian , Indredavik Bent , Engstad Torgeir , Magnussen Jon , Hansen Anne , Schjørlien Rune , Engen Stian , Osmundnes Randi Moxnes , Olerud Anne-Britt , Knudsen Camilla , Hansen Trine , Schroeter Walburga , Fjelldal Gro Stensrud , Hovde Kristin , Reneflot Kristine Helen , Wennberg Lisa , Norvang Ole Petter , Phan Ailan , Storvoll John Bjørn , Ørjaset Brede , Syvertsen Marianne , Berger Ingvild , Dahl Anne Eitrem , Sandø Christine Lundemo , Kjølstad Veronica , Hansen Alexander , Vileid Helene Kværne , Giddal Maren Hjelle , Bernhardt Julie , Langhorne Peter
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—

The evidence for interventions to prevent functional decline in the long term after stroke is lacking. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an 18-month follow-up program of individualized regular coaching on physical activity and exercise.

Methods—

This was a multicentre, pragmatic, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Adults (age ≥18 years) with first-ever or recurrent stroke, community dwelling, with modified Rankin Scale <5, and no serious comorbidities were included 10 to 16 weeks poststroke. The intervention group received individualized regular coaching on physical activity and exercise every month for 18 consecutive months. The control group received standard care. Primary outcome was the Motor Assessment Scale at end of intervention (18-month follow-up). Secondary measures were Barthel index, modified Rankin Scale, item 14 from Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, 6-minute walk test, and Stroke Impact Scale. Other outcomes were adverse events and compliance to the intervention assessed by training diaries and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Results—

Three hundred and eighty consenting participants were randomly assigned to individualized coaching (n=186) or standard care (n=194). The mean estimated difference on Motor Assessment Scale in favor of control group was −0.70 points (95% confidence interval, −2.80, 1.39),
P
=0.512. There were no differences between the groups on Barthel index, modified Rankin Scale, or Berg Balance Scale. The frequency of adverse events was low in both groups. Results from International Physical Activity Questionnaire and training diaries showed increased activity levels but low intensity of the exercise in the intervention group.

Conclusions—

The regular individualized coaching did not improve maintenance of motor function or the secondary outcomes compared with standard care. The intervention should be regarded as safe. Despite the neutral results, the health costs related to the intervention should be investigated.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01467206.