bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Attitude of Small Business in the Kursk Region to the Digital Economy: a Sociological Analysis
Authors:   Southwest State University, Podgorny Boris B. , Oboznaya Mariya V.
Published: May 2022

The relevance of the study lies in the need to clarify the attitude of small businesses to the digital economy and to determine the most significant characteristics that this attitude. The results of expert interviews showed that some experts - representatives of small businesses - do not support the development of the digital economy. The purpose is clarification of the attitude of small business in the Kursk region to the digital economy. Objectives: determination of the attitude of small business to the development of the digital economy; determination of general, digital and habitual characteristics of small business in the region and study of their impact on attitudes towards the digital economy. Methodology. To accomplish the assigned tasks, the following methods were used: analysis of statistical information; small business questionnaire. The definition of the habitual structure of small business was made by comparing the orientation of the main disposition of the respondents and their effective capital. Results. 26 percent of entrepreneurs have a positive attitude towards the digitalization process, 50 percent chose the answer "rather positively than negatively", 16 percent have a more negative than positive attitude, 4 percent have a negative attitude to the digital economy. The reference habitual structure of small business in the Kursk region shows that about 90 percent of small businesses can support the development of the digital economy and have a positive attitude towards the digitalization process. Conclusions. The results of the study allow us to assert that general and digital characteristics can have only a slight effect on the attitude of small businesses to the digital economy, the main influence on the attitude of small businesses to the digital economy is exerted by habitual characteristics. At the same time, the majority of respondents who expressed a negative attitude to the digitalization process have a “preservation” disposition orientation, and it is practically impossible to change their opinion. However, there are also a number of respondents whose expressed opinion may change when creating the necessary conditions for this, aimed at implementing habitual practices, which can be expressed in real events related to increasing digital indicators and awareness of the opportunities and support provided by the state for the development of the digital economy.
Trends in the Technological Transformation of the Industrial Sector of the Economy at the Present Stage
Authors:   Southwest State University, Charochkina Ekaterina Yu.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. In the aspect of digital transformations of countries, regions and the world community, an important area of research in theory and practice is the problem of the growth and development of industrial production and the formation of the industrial potential of the economies of countries. The digital transformation of the industrial sector of the economy is largely determined by the sequence of global political and economic trends, as a result of which a new model of the socio-economic structure of social and economic life and mechanisms for the formation of competitive advantages and growth opportunities for economic sectors, including the industrial sector, are being formed. In these conditions, an urgent problem is the study of trends in the technological transformation of sectors of the national economy, in particular the industrial sector, the search for opportunities for growth and reproduction of industrial potential. The purpose of the study is to determine the main trends in the technological transformation of the sectors of the national economy, in particular the industrial sector, to assess the level of technological development of the industrial sector and the growth and reproduction opportunities of the industrial potential of the Russian economy at the present stage. Objectives: to assess the current situation of the level of technological transformation of the industrial sector of the Russian economy; to identify the opportunities and threats of technological development of industry at the present stage; based on the analysis to identify the main directions in the formation of approaches to state support of technological transformation of industrial sectors, taking into account the specifics of each of them. Methodology. The research is based on the general scientific methodology of literature review, system and logical analysis, methods of data collection, induction, description and processing of research results. Results. An assessment of the possibilities and threats of technological transformation of the industrial sector of the Russian economy is given. Conclusions. The directions of development and increasing the level of technological transformation of various industries, taking into account the specifics of each of them.
Correction: Health Literacy, Equity, and Communication in the COVID-19 Era of Misinformation: Emergence of Health Information Professionals in Infodemic Management (Preprint)
Authors: Kyabaggu Ramona , Marshall Deneice , Ebuwei Patience , Ikenyei Uche
Published: May 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a corrigendum for ms #35014.
Designing an app for parents and caregivers to promote cognitive and socio-emotional development and wellbeing among children aged 0-5 in diverse cultural settings: Scientific framework (Preprint)
Authors: Crouse Jacob J , LaMonica Haley M , Song Yun Ju (Christine) , Boulton Kelsie A , Rohleder Cathrin , De Mayo Marilena M , Wilson Chloe E , Loblay Victoria , Hindmarsh Gabrielle , Stratigos Tina , Krausz Michael , Foo Nathanael , Teo Melissa , Hunter Andrew , Guastella Adam J , Banati Richard B , Troy Jakelin , Hickie Ian B
Published: May 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Recent years have seen remarkable progress in our scientific understanding of early childhood social, emotional, and cognitive development, as well as our capacity to widely disseminate health information using digital technologies. Together, these scientific and technological advances offer exciting opportunities to deliver high-quality information about early childhood development (ECD) to parents and families globally, which may ultimately lead to greater knowledge and confidence among parents and better outcomes among children (particularly in lower-and-middle income countries). With these potential benefits in mind, we set out to design, develop, implement, and evaluate a new parenting app – “Thrive by Five” – that will be available in 30 countries, providing caregivers and families with evidence-based and culturally appropriate information about ECD, accompanied by sets of “collective actions” that go beyond mere “tips” for parenting practices. Here, we describe this ongoing global project and discuss the components of our scientific framework for developing and prototyping the app’s content. Specifically, we describe: (1) five domains used to organise the content and goals of the app’s information and associated practices; (2) five neurobiological systems that are relevant to ECD and can be “targeted” behaviourally to potentially influence social, emotional, and cognitive development; (3) our anthropological and cultural framework to learn about local contexts and appreciate decolonisation perspectives; and (4) our approach to tailor the app’s content to local contexts, involving collaboration with in-country partner organisations and local and international subject-matter experts in ECD, education, medicine, psychology, and anthropology, among others. Finally, we provide examples of content that has been incorporated in Thrive by Five’s global launch in Indonesia.
Long term Weight Loss in a Primary Care-Anchored eHealth Lifestyle Coaching Program in Denmark: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Hesseldal Laura , Christensen Jeanette Reffstrup , Olesen Thomas Bastholm , Olsen Michael Hecht , Jakobsen Pernille Ravn , Laursen Ditte Hjorth , Lauridsen Jørgen T. , Nielsen Jesper Bo , Søndergaard Jens , Brandt Carl Joakim
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Long-term weight loss among subjects with obesity can reduce the risk and progression of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Observational studies suggest that digital coaching can lead to long-term weight loss.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated whether an eHealth lifestyle coaching program (LIVA) for subjects with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D) leads to significant long-term (more than 6 months) weight loss compared to usual care.

METHODS

In a randomized controlled trial that took place in 50 municipalities in Denmark, 340 subjects with obesity with or without T2D were enrolled from April 16, 2018, to April 1, 2019, and randomized via an automated computer algorithm to an intervention (200) or a control (140) group. Patients were recruited via their general practitioners, the Danish diabetes organization, and social media. The digital coaching intervention comprised of an initial one-hour face-to-face motivational interview followed by digital coaching using behavioral change techniques enabled by individual live monitoring. Primary outcome was change in body weight from baseline to 6 and 12 months.

RESULTS

Data were assessed for 235 participants, 149 from the intervention group and 86 from the control group who completed 6 and/or 12 months follow-up. After 12 months mean body weight and body mass index were reduced significantly in both groups but significantly more in the intervention group (–4.6 (-5.7; -3.4) kg vs. -1.4 (-2.6; -0.1) kg, P<.001 and -1.5 (-1.9; -1.2) kg/m2 vs. -0.5 (-0.9; -0.1) kg/m2, P<.001). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was significantly reduced in both the intervention (-6.0 (-7.7; -4.3) mmol/mol) and the control group (-4.9 (-7.4; -2.4) mmol/mol) without significant group difference.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared to usual care, digital lifestyle coaching can induce significant weight loss in obese subjects both with and without T2D after 12 months.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03788915; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03788915
Implementation of a Hardware-Assisted Bluetooth-Based COVID-19 Tracking Device in a High School: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Li Dan , Shelby Tyler , Brault Marie , Manohar Rajit , Vermund Sten , Hagaman Ashley , Forastiere Laura , Caruthers Tyler , Egger Emilie , Wang Yizhou , Manohar Nathan , Manohar Peter , Davis J Lucian , Zhou Xin
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Contact tracing is a vital public health tool used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. However, traditional interview-format contact tracing (TCT) is labor-intensive and time-consuming and may be unsustainable for large-scale pandemics such as COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aimed to address the limitations of TCT. The Yale School of Engineering developed a Hardware-Assisted Bluetooth-based Infection Tracking (HABIT) device. Following the successful implementation of HABIT in a university setting, this study sought to evaluate the performance and implementation of HABIT in a high school setting using an embedded mixed methods design.

METHODS

In this pilot implementation study, we first assessed the performance of HABIT using mock case simulations in which we compared contact tracing data collected from mock case interviews (TCT) versus Bluetooth devices (HABIT). For each method, we compared the number of close contacts identified and identification of unique contacts. We then conducted an embedded mixed methods evaluation of the implementation outcomes of HABIT devices using pre- and postimplementation quantitative surveys and qualitative focus group discussions with users and implementers according to the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework.

RESULTS

In total, 17 students and staff completed mock case simulations in which 161 close contact interactions were detected by interview or Bluetooth devices. We detected significant differences in the number of close contacts detected by interview versus Bluetooth devices (P<.001), with most (127/161, 78.9%) contacts being reported by interview only. However, a significant number (26/161, 16.1%; P<.001) of contacts were uniquely identified by Bluetooth devices. The interface, ease of use, coherence, and appropriateness were highly rated by both faculty and students. HABIT provided emotional security to users. However, the prototype design and technical difficulties presented barriers to the uptake and sustained use of HABIT.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of HABIT in a high school was impeded by technical difficulties leading to decreased engagement and adherence. Nonetheless, HABIT identified a significant number of unique contacts not reported by interview, indicating that electronic technologies may augment traditional contact tracing once user preferences are accommodated and technical glitches are overcome. Participants indicated a high degree of acceptance, citing emotional reassurance and a sense of security with the device.
Design, Develop, and Pilot-Test a Digital Platform to Enhance Student Well-Being: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Joshi Ashish , Kaur Kamalpreet , Bhatt Ashruti , Surapaneni Krishna Mohan , Grover Ashoo , Pandya Apurva Kumar
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Well-being is a multidimensional concept and has been extended to many areas. Student well-being has garnered attention over the last decade due to concerns that have been raised. Digital health interventions have the potential to enhance and improve student well-being.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study is to design, develop, and pilot-test a digital health platform to enhance student well-being.

METHODS

A sample size of 5000 participants will be recruited across Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, India. Students will be enrolled from Parul University in Vadodara, Gujarat, as well as Panimalar Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Panimalar Engineering College, Panimalar Institute of Technology, and Panimalar College of Nursing in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Current undergraduate and graduate students consenting to participate will be recruited using convenience sampling from these institutes. The study will collect baseline data to construct the student well-being index. Based on the risk profile, a random subset of the population will be provided access to the digital health intervention, which will deliver tailored interactive messages addressing the various dimensions of well-being among undergraduate and graduate students. The eligible study participants will be aged 18 years and older, enrolled in these institutes, and willing to give their consent to participate in the study.

RESULTS

The proposed research is an unfunded study. The enrollment of the individuals in the study began in October 2022. Data gathered will be analyzed using SAS (version 9.3; SAS Institute) and results will be reported as 95% CIs and P values.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed study will help to determine the factors affecting well-being among college students and help in designing digital health interventions to improve the well-being of undergraduate and graduate students.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/39779
Identifying the Privacy Risks of Semi-Anonymous Online Medical Forums: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Sangari Ayush , Sood Aditya , Horinek Maddison , Sangari Anish , Sood Nitish , Siddiqui Sulaimaan , Soni Aakriti
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Online medical forums, such as Breastcancer.org, allow individuals to come together in a safe space to share personal details about themselves, diagnoses, and treatment plans. Such a space is meant to be anonymous in order to protect the identities of all patients involved. However, the information shared is anonymized only by the chosen username, and usernames on these forums can be used again by patients on other public social media websites. In addition, content posted by patients often contains sensitive information that can be used to uncover their identities. This threatens the privacy of patients by offering the opportunity to link their public-facing social media profiles with their private-facing profiles on online medical support groups.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to design a methodology that could analyze the dual privacy threat derived from username linkage and from disclosure of personal identifiable information (PII) or protected health information (PHI) for semi-anonymous medical forums.

METHODS

12,000 usernames on Breastcancer.org were randomly selected and then cross-referenced with Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Reddit using an online tool called socialscan. The entropy of each username was then calculated as a proxy for username uniqueness using Dropbox’s zxcvbn tool. Using the username uniqueness probabilities, the expected number of profiles that could be linked to a public-facing social media profile was subsequently determined. Analysis was further conducted on the nature of PII and PHI being shared on these forums on a randomly chosen message board using Microsoft Presidio, a tool designed for scrubbing sensitive text.

RESULTS

Substantial reuse of usernames was detected between Breastcancer.org and any of the four social media sites. Out of these 12,000 sampled users, 169 patients on Breastcancer.org were expected to be linked to at least one other social media website. 66 patients were expected to be linked to Facebook, 96 to Twitter, 102 to Instagram, and 66 to Reddit. This analysis suggests that of Breastcancer.org’s 227,862 users, approximately 3,190 users in total can be linked to at least one of the four social media websites examined in this study solely based on username. In addition, when content from a randomly chosen thread was analyzed, each of the 2,781 posts from 64 patients contained an average of 9.5 pieces of PII.

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrate a substantial risk to patients on semi-anonymous medical forums with regards to medical privacy and the need to add warnings for patients when they are creating usernames. This tool, or a similar one, could be used by online medical support groups to warn patients when signing up for the platform to use different usernames for their public-facing and private-facing profiles. Such a warning would strengthen patient privacy.
The Mandatory 4 Years Desludging Frequency of Underground Septic Tanks in Residential Areas: A Case Study in Sibu Sarawak, East Malaysia
Authors: Wen Kam Leong  , Alex Lung Keat Ngo  , Alvin Choon Hsien Wong  , Jen Hua Ling  , How Teck Sia
Published: May 2022

Underground septic tanks are the most common and conventional primary black water treatment adopted by local households in Sarawak. To ensure its usefulness, periodic mandatory desludging or emptying of the various types of rateable holdings was enforced from 1998. The current mandatory desludging frequency is 4 years for residential households, although its effectiveness is still not clear, substantial annual finance and subsidies are being allocated by the Sarawak State Government. In this study, the underground septic tanks in Sibu located in residential areas in Sarawak, East Malaysia, were evaluated quantitatively based on the measured faecal sludge with a known retention time in respect to the regulated desludging frequency. Furthermore, various problems were encountered during the initial measurement carried out by sludge judge which typically used by the wastewater treatment and chemical plants. A modified PVC pipe was proposed to overcome these observed problems. This has greatly improved the measurement time and substantially reduced unwanted impediments for the contractor during desludging. The back analysis results showed that the recommended desludging frequency based on the ratio of total sludge and scum to the effective working volume in 30% and 50% thresholds for residential areas were 3.82 and 6.36 years, respectively. Furthermore, it was discovered that there was a potential to adjust the existing mandatory 4 years desludging frequency to a longer period for cost-effective consideration. This study is strictly on the physical quantity measurement of sludge and scum volumes for the known retention times. The complex influences of microbiological activities, micro-environmental factors and sizes or geometries of septic tanks for faecal sludge production were not considered.
Clarification of Watershed Recharge in Cisadane River Basin through Ground Test
Authors: Dina P.A Hidayat  , Sri Legowo W. D  , Mohammad Farid
Published: May 2022

KARDAS is an area used to protect groundwater from its usage as a water source. Meanwhile, the recharge zone is normally determined in Indonesia through the Regulation of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Permen PUPR) Number 10/2015 with the focus on certain physical parameters such as soil texture, land use/land cover, annual rainfall, and slope provided with relative potency values from 1 which represents very low to 5 which is very high. This system was used to review four parameters in a small grid unit of 1 km2 each in the Cisadane River Basin with a 1,545.47 km2 area divided into 1,710 units and the most dominant grid placed at the middle part while the rest are at the edge of the basin. This research focused on the clarification methods to determine the potential recharge variables for this river basin in order to serve as a reference for the potential recharge zone in Indonesia. The KARDAS map obtained showed a very high potential with a score of 17-20 covering 183 km2 (10.45%), high potential with a score of 13-16 involving 943 km2 (56.96%), medium potential with 584 km2 (32.59%), and 0 small potential. Moreover, KARDAS desk study results were clarified using the field or ground test to ensure accuracy and this involved using 14 units as samples to represent the five potentials through temporary quantitative cumulative scores. The desk study or secondary data results were found to be only 50% accurate with a limited point survey but the application of qualitative perception showed that only 1 point does not match with the medium and high potentials this indicates the accuracy was 93% which is categorized to be good.
Construct a Multi-Modal English Learning Pattern
Authors: Muqiu Xue , Luxue Wang
Published: May 2022

The construction of multi-modal English learning needs to create an intelligent environment for students to acquire English learning information adequately. This study will explore the psychological basis of English multi-modal learning as well as the channels and related integration of English multi-modal learning.
A Complex and Intercultural thinking for Countryside Education
Authors: Bernardo Izabela do Nascimento , Ramos João Batista Santiago
Published: May 2022

Some studies that are simplified in schools in the educational field are based on a pedagogical ideal associated with technical rationality, which also has a thought, for using a model/standard of education centered on the reproduction of knowledge and teachings as Universal truths, linked to cultural matrices “Eurocentric”. Educational practices from this perspective are brought as marks of an authoritarian and colonizing pedagogy, insofar as they ignore and/or silence the knowledge and cultural experiences of these peoples. In this, the present study aims to contest the importance of complex and intercultural thinking in rural schools, through the debate on teaching practices and projects that are guided by the offer of a transformative education, which involves the context and the multidimensions of education. local community to the teaching-learning process of rural schools. From there, the methodology used involves a bibliographic review, developed from a reading, complementary interpretation and other publications on the subject.
Organic molecules visualizable by crystal data in introductory chemistry
Authors: Noguchi Daisuke
Published: May 2022

Generating checklists could provide new insights into the teaching strategies. Thus, the crystal struc-tures’ data of organic compounds learned in secondary chemical education were collected from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) database. It has revealed that almost all the crystal data of these organic molecules are available, contrarily to an anticipation that liquid or gaseous ones at room temperature have few data. This index data would be fundamental for further studies hereafter.
Understanding the mangrove-associated avifauna and their conservation status in the Gorai Creek, Western Mumbai, Maharashtra, India: A Recent Study
Authors: Padmakumar Vidya , P Joseph Shine
Published: May 2022

The research was conducted from June 2017 to June 2019 to better understand the diversity and current state of the avifauna in the Gorai Creek region. 96 species belonging to 39 families from 16 orders, including terrestrial and aquatic birds, were identified as surviving near the stream over the two-year research period, including residents, migratory, common, uncommon, and unusual species. 64 species were permanent birds, 28 were winter migrants, 4 were summer migrants, 23 were uncommon, 57 were common, and 16 were rare. Anatidae, Ardeidae, Cuculidae, Accipitridae, Sturnidae, Strigidae, Laridae, Charadridae, Scolopacidae, and Rallidae were the most regularly observed bird families. The extensive mangrove cover around the creek provided food for all the birds. The ferry system to Gorai village, as well as the Essel World Park, has been seen to mildly impair the birds' breeding and foraging. Seasonal changes have a significant impact on bird numbers. Except for the ferry system, anthropogenic disturbances are quite minimal in the area, therefore the creek has less pollution and dense mangrove foliage, which shelters the avifauna that thrives in the zone.
Assessment of the Status of Health and Fitness of Students of Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Vietnam
Authors: Tam MSc. Nguyen Thanh
Published: May 2022

A study on the current state of health and fitness of students at Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports, and Tourism has provided scientific and practical evaluation data according to 3 health contents, physical fitness, and physical education subject scores. The research results have proved that the health and fitness status of students majoring in Culture and Tourism at Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism is at an average level, ensuring the requirements for studying. ; However, the fitness test results of many male and female students are still weak when compared with the regulations on physical fitness standards of the Ministry of Education and Training and the physical standards of Vietnamese people.
Leucocoprinus rhodolepis (Agaricaceae: Basidiomycota), a new species from Brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: Ferretti-Cisneros Nathália U. , Silva-Filho Alexandre G. S. , Wartchow Felipe
Published: May 2022

A novel Leucocoprinus species was collected from the semi-arid region of Brazil in the Caatinga domain.Leucocoprinus rhodolepis is described based on morphological data. It is well characterized by its white pileus with distinct orange-pink pileal squamules at the center, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 6.9-7.8 × 4.9-5.9 μm lacking an apical germ pore, and clavate to broadly clavate rarely ventricose-capitate cheilocystidia. Detailed macro- and micro-morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided, as well as a comparison with related species and a brief discussion about its conservation status.
La comunidad de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares en diferentes usos de suelo del bosque tropical perennifolio de Veracruz, México
Authors: Baleón-Sepúlveda América , Rodríguez-Galicia Viviana , Hudler Carla , Sánchez-Gallen Irene , Casariego-Martínez Manuel , Barajas-Guzmán Guadalupe , Álvarez-Sánchez Javier
Published: May 2022

El cambio de uso de suelo afecta la permanencia de los bosques tropicales perennifolios (BTP) y provoca laalteración de las propiedades químicas, físicas y biológicas del suelo. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar los cambios en la comunidad de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) asociados a sistemas manejados (cultivos y potreros) en Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. Se seleccionaron 5 sitios por uso de suelo. Para esporas se recolectaron 5 muestras de suelo por sitio y de éstas se seleccionaron al azar 3 para cuantificar las estructuras extrarradicales, el ácido graso 16:1ω5 y la respiración fúngica; estas variables se asociaron a los cambios en las propiedades edáficas mediante un análisis de correspondencia canónica. La diversidad y riqueza de HMA fueron menores en el BTP con respecto al potrero y al cultivo. La tasa de respiración fúngica y la concentración del marcador de HMA de ácidos grasos fueron menores en los sistemas manejados, contrario a la producción del micelio extrarradical. Hubo un decremento de la concentración de nutrientes y pH en cultivos y potreros. Estos resultados muestran que los cambios en la comunidad de HMA en los sitios modificados pueden detectarse mediante variables funcionales y estructurales de estos simbiontes.
Riqueza y distribución del género Asclepias (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) en México
Authors: Juárez-Jaimes Verónica , Rodríguez-Morales Luisa O. , Paniagua-Ibáñez Maribel , Hernández-Barón Gerald Matus , Fishbein Mark
Published: May 2022

Asclepias (algodoncillos) es un género con 132 especies en América que se distribuyen desde Canadá hasta Argentina. Algunas especies tienen gran importancia en el estudio de procesos biológicos, así como en la medicina tradicional y alópata. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre su diversidad y distribución en México no ha sido bien documentado. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar la distribución geográfica y evaluar el estado de conservación de cada especie encontrada en México. Se compiló una base de datos de 3,195 registros de herbarios. Las distribuciones fueron analizadas utilizando un sistema de información geográfica. La riqueza de especies fue estimada por estados, tipos de vegetación, provincias biogeográficas y una cuadrícula con celdas de 90 × 90 km. Asclepias cuenta con 75 especies en México, de las cuales 34 son endémicas. Sonora fue el estado más diverso con 31 especies. Los bosques de coníferas y encinos, y el matorral xerófilo tuvieron el mayor número de especies, 57 y 36, respectivamente. De las provincias biogeográficas, el Desierto Chihuahuense tuvo la más alta diversidad con 45 especies. Las celdas con el mayor número de especies se encontraron en el Cinturón Volcánico Transmexicano y sus alrededores, con 20 a 24 especies.
¿En Colombia se protege la dignidad humana de quienes están privados de su libertad?
Authors: Sepúlveda Patiño Héctor Alonso
Published: May 2022

La dignidad humana, como fundamento y principio del Estado Social de Derecho, no es fruto del azar, sino que es el resultado del desarrollo conceptual filosófico, teológico y de revoluciones sociales y liberales que hicieron de ella un reconocimiento inherente a la persona humana, llegando a concretarse en el sistema normativo positivo en instrumentos internacionales obligatorios para los Estados parte y a los que Colombia se integra. Sin embargo, el reconocimiento a la dignidad inherente a la persona humana y su positivización en distintas normas, hoy día, en el Estado Colombiano, no es garantía para su protección integral, en especial con las personas que están privadas de la libertad, quienes, por este solo hecho, crean un vínculo jurídico con el Estado, donde este se obliga a la protección en virtud de su dignidad. Frente a este incumplimiento, la Corte Constitucional se ha visto en la obligación de declarar en varias ocasiones el estado de cosas inconstitucionales en relación con el sistema penitenciario y carcelario, y ha determinado que el Estado tiene la obligación de proteger a toda persona privada de la libertad en virtud de la dignidad humana que le es inherente.
Quality Assurance in HECA Colleges During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Analysis through the lens of QQI’s Core Criteria
Authors:   Higher Education College's Association (HECA)
Published: May 2022

The National Forum’s 2020 Network and Discipline Fund was launched in November 2020 and focuses on Shared Solutions to Common Challenges. Its overarching aim is to support networks and discipline groups to work together to respond proactively to identified challenges in teaching and learning in higher education, including those that have come to light through the sudden move to online/remote teaching and learning. The National Forum’s 2020 Network and Discipline Fund, drawing on the Higher Education Colleges’ Association (HECA) members’ experience, provided the HECA Academic Quality Enhancement Forum(HAQEF) with opportunities to strengthen its networks and discipline group, support their efforts to enhance teaching and learning, and produce useful insights and resources into the application of quality assurance of blended and online learning. In the pandemic period, many colleges were forced to change from a face-to-face delivery model of education and training to an online format of delivery. This disruption meant that assumptions about and plans for how the courses were to be delivered and managed had to be rapidly reviewed. With government pronouncements advising all staff to work from home where possible, the majority of internal roles and processes of colleges were also affected. The quality assurance (QA) policies, processes and procedures that were developed by colleges had to be modified to reflect this change in circumstances. This document reports on the results of a mixed methods study of QA developments that came about as a result of the initial changes enforced by the pandemic and the move to working from home. It also looked at what was learned about the management of quality in this sector during this time. Data was collected by HAQEF via a survey of QA personnel from the member colleges of HECA and follow up interviews. The survey consisted of 11 questions, one for each Core Area of Quality, as set out in the QQI Core QA Guidelines (2016). The questions asked for reflections on each provider’s experience of managing this aspect of QA, what resources or instances of good practice they could share with practitioners and which stakeholders were involved in this adaptation. The interviews asked about the measures that were undertaken to adapt QA processes in the pandemic period and what challenges could be reported from this adaptation. The report is divided into 11 chapters, with each chapter centred on a discussion of one Core Area of Quality as set out in the QQI Core QA Guidelines. An overview of the core area is developed, followed by a commentary on common experiences of the group in this area. Most sections conclude with resources, volunteered by member colleges of HECA, that was rated as useful in how the cohort navigated the management of QA in this core area.
historia representada en la dramaturgia
Authors: Peña Vielma Juan José
Published: May 2022

La Guerra Federal en Venezuela (1858-1863) representa un hito en la historia política del país y ha sido comprendida en gran medida como la continuación de una profunda crisis social engendrada desde la propia fundación de la sociedad colonial, generada por las contradicciones entre los di- versos grupos sociales, la cual eclosiona desde la Guerra de Independencia y se mantiene durante el siglo XIX. En este contexto, la dramaturgia y el teatro como expresión artística construyen en su discurso una representación de la realidad que da cuenta de elementos del imaginario de su temporalidad y del propio hecho histórico. En particular la obra dramatúrgica El Recluta, de la autoría de José Ignacio Lares, la cual, al versar sobre eventualidades de la mencionada Guerra Federal, constituye una fuente desde la que se puede discurrir sobre el evento histórico. En atención ello, el siguiente artículo intentará realizar un acercamiento al conflicto de la Guerra Federal en Venezuela representada en la dramaturgia y el teatro, con lo cual, se lograrán percibir elementos interesantes al análisis histórico.
¿Se puede escribir la historia del presente?
Authors: Abarzúa Victoriano Fabrizzio
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una defensa a la posibilidad de una historiografía de la historia del presente a través del desarrollo de una evaluación crítica a los cuestionamientos a dicha posibilidad, a saber, las tesis sintetizadas en la noción “distancia histórica”. Los argumentos desarrollados consisten en sostener que no existe una diferencia cualitativa entre la explicación de un hecho histórico pasado y presente; por lo tanto, la integración de la historia del tiempo presente a la ciencia histórica es posible si se modifica el criterio de histórico, a saber, sustituir el criterio de relevancia causal por un criterio no epistémico de la ciencia histórica, a saber, la ideología.
Balance historiográfico sobre el federalismo en Colombia desde 1810 a 1886
Authors: Pacheco Rodríguez Angie
Published: May 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar un breve balance de la historiografía colombiana que ha estudiado el federalismo del siglo XIX (entre 1810 a 1886), a partir de 1960, con la profesionalización de la Historia. Los textos aquí tratados hacen referencia no sólo a la aplicación de este modelo a nivel global, sino también a algunos casos particulares, por otro lado a las diversas discusiones políticas que se dieron en torno al tema. Textos como los de Gilberto Gilmore, Rodrigo Llano Isaza, Ricardo Zuluaga Gil, e incluso el trabajo estudio elaborado por el Grupo de Iberconceptos tendrán cabida en este análisis. En este sentido el artículo busca analizar los puntos en común y diferentes de estos trabajos, tratando de evidenciar aportes y constantes que estos contienen.
De cimarrones y vicios: entre la libertad y la abolición 1789-1850
Authors: Suárez Garzón Andrés
Published: May 2022

Los vicios fueron comprendidos como un grave problema social tanto en la época colonial como en la época republicana. Estos afectaban directamente el desarrollo de la sociedad, haciendo necesaria su eliminación. A pesar de que los vicios no eran exclusivos a un grupo social, en el caso de los esclavos, la marginalización creada por los prejuicios con base a sus vicios, generó problemas en la adquisición de la libertad. Este trabajo hace un análisis de la imagen creada de los cimarrones, que imposibilitó su liberación y que fue usada como argumento para prolongar la esclavitud. Para ello se hace un estudio de casos en los cuales los esclavos son acusados de diversos vicios, en dos etapas diferentes: la colonial y la republicana; en el período de tiempo de 1789 a 1850. También se estudia el debate que generó la ley de abolición de la esclavitud, para denotar la continuidad del pensamiento alrededor de los vicios de los esclavos.
Referencias intelectuales en la construcción de un discurso anti-abolicionista: la memoria sobre la necesidad de reformar la ley del Congreso Constituyente de Joaquín Mosquera en 1825
Authors: Pineda Castañeda Nataly
Published: May 2022

En este artículo se realizará un análisis de la Memoria sobre la necesidad de reformar la ley del Congreso Constituyente de Colombia del 21 de junio de 1821 que sanciona la libertad de los partos, manumisión y abolición del tráfico de esclavos publicada por el político payanés Joaquín Mosquera en 1825, para oponerse a algunas de las cláusulas de la Ley de manumisión de los esclavos de la República. El análisis tendrá como objetivo contextualizar el pensamiento de Mosquera en una tradición intelectual influida por conceptos como los de derecho natural, derecho de gentes, civilización y barbarie; así como en las ideologías propias de la élite de Popayán en el siglo XIX.
Objective predictors of delayed neurological sequelae in patients with altered mental status after carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea, Kim Han Bit , Nah Sangun ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea, Choi Sung Woo ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea, Kim Gi Woom ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea, Lee Young Hwan ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea, Moon Ji Eun ,   Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Center, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea, Han Sangsoo ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
Published: May 2022

Background and Purpose: Following carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, altered mental status is an important predictor of poor neurological prognosis, including delayed neurological sequelae (DNS). However, it is difficult to interview CO-poisoned patients accurately about exposure intervals and loss of consciousness (LOC). Thus, we investigated whether DNS can be predicted using objective factors such as laboratory results and brain imaging in patients suffering CO poisoning with altered mental status. Methods: This was a prospective observational study involving all CO-poisoned patients who visited the university hospital emergency department (ED) in Bucheon, South Korea, between January 2019 and April 2020. All were registered in the CO registry. We excluded patients who were under 18 years of age, had no change in mental status, were lost to follow-up, had neurological deficits persisting at discharge from the ED, and/or were transferred from another hospital 24 hours after exposure. Results: A total of 21 (25.3%) of 82 patients had DNS with a median onset of 21 (12 to 30) days. Creatinine kinase (CK) (odds ratio 1.0002, 95% confidence interval 2.734-105.231) and brain imaging (odds ratio 3.206, 95% confidence interval 1.008-10.199) were independent prognostic factors of DNS. Conclusions: A high level of serum CK and abnormal brain-imaging results were significant predictors of the occurrence of DNS in CO-poisoned patients with altered mental status. Critically, these are objective rather than subjective factors such as CO exposure interval.
Effect of hyperbaric exposure on pulmonary functions in hyperbaric chamber inside attendants
Authors:   Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Private Health Hospital, Denizli, Turkey, Demir Levent , Avci Mustafa ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
Published: May 2022

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare pulmonary function tests results of hyperbaric chamber inside attendants (HCIAs) working in a hyperbaric chamber before and after sessions. Methods: A total of 68 health care personnel working as HCIAs in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy unit between June 2019 and September 2019 were included in the study. All participants experienced the pressure chamber for the first time. In spirometric evaluation, we measured forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 25%-75% of FVC (FEF25-75) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). In addition, FEV1/FVC ratio (FEV1%) was also calculated. Results: The mean FVC was found as 3.56 ± 0.66 (min-max: 2.17-5.63) before hyperbaric exposure and 3.44 ± 0.62 (min-max: 2.30-5.28) after the exposure (3.4%) (p<0.05). The mean FEV1 was found as 3.37 ± 0.63 (2.13-5.39) before the session and 3.24 ± 0.59 (min-max: 2.3-5.28) after the session (3.9%) (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF and FEF25-75 measured before and after hyperbaric exposure. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that among pulmonary function test parameters, decreases were found in FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75, PEF, but clinical significance has not been established.
Post-decompression bubble and inflammation interactions: a non-extensive dynamical system model
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Schirato Sérgio Rhein , Silva Vitor ,   Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Iadocicco Kátia ,   Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Marroni Alessandro ,   DAN Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy, Pieri Massimo ,   DAN Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy, Cialoni Danilo ,   DAN Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy,   Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Chaui-Berlinck José Guilherme ,   Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo
Published: May 2022

Inert gas bubbles in tissues and in blood have been historically considered as the only triggering factors for DCS, but now many other factors are considered to affect the final outcome of a decompression profile for a certain individual. In this sense, inflammation seems to play a relevant role, not only due to the physical damage of tissues by the bubbles, but as a potentiator of the process as a whole. The present study aims to put forward a mathematical model of bubble formation associated with an inflammatory process related to decompression. The model comprises four state-variables (inert gas pressure, inert gas bubbles, proinflammatory and inflammatory factors) in a set of non-linear differential equations. The model is non-extensive: inert gas transitions between liquid and gaseous phases do not change the concentration of the dissolved gas. The relationship between bubbles and inflammation is given through parameters that form a positive feedback loop. The results of the model were compared with the experimental results of echocardiography from volunteers in two dive/decompression profiles; the model shows a very good agreement with the empirical data and previews different inflammatory outcomes for different experimental profiles. We suggest that slight changes in the parameters’ values might turn the simulations from a non-inflammatory to an inflammatory profile for a given individual. Therefore, the present model might help address the problem of DCS on a particular basis.
Swim performance with and without snorkel and the underlying energetic differences
Authors:   Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Schellart N.A.M. ,   Foundation for Dive Research (SDR), Aerdenhout, The Netherlands
Published: May 2022

Swimming requires frequent lifting and rotating of the head to inhale. A snorkeler saves energy by avoiding this maneuver, but the snorkel adds breathing work due to air flow resistance. The needed power of these head movements has never been examined, although the extra power of breathing through a snorkel was studied recently. This study aimed: 1) to model the work of vertically lifting and rotating in comparison with the breathing work added by a snorkel; 2) to compare heart rate (HR) and velocity (v) while swimming under both conditions; 3) to evaluate the results for surface-swimming divers. Presumably the power when using a snorkel is less, and the difference in power predicts the difference in swimming velocity. Kinematics of head lifting and rotation, and the difference between the hydrodynamics were modeled. A swim test lasting 12 minutes at maximum speed (Cooper swim test) was performed in a pool by nine recreational divers in the front crawl style, with face mask but without fins. All subjects performed the test both with and without snorkel. The average velocity with a snorkel, 0.72±0.09 m∙s-1, was 4.4±3.9% higher than without (p=0.008), but HR (144±16 bpm) showed no difference (0.8±3.4%). The model based on our subjects’ performance showed that 7.5% of the total power is spent in the inhaling maneuver while crawling and 2.7% while snorkeling. Theoretically this would allow the snorkeler to swim 5.2% faster. It is concluded that snorkeling is energetically advantageous as well as for divers swimming on the surface.