bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the Pancharatnam–Berry phase in two-beam interference
Authors: Hannonen Antti , Partanen Henri , Leinonen Aleksi , Heikkinen Janne , Hakala Tommi K. , Friberg Ari T. , Setälä Tero
Published: September 2020

Young’s dual-pinhole interference experiment with arbitrary fully correlated and polarized vector light fields leads to a Pancharatnam–Berry geometric phase that is related to the associated dynamical phase. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally how the dynamical phase across the interference pattern can be deciphered from the total phase, thereby leaving only the geometric phase. Our results constitute the first genuine interferometric phase measurements that yield the Pancharatnam–Berry geometric phase in Young’s two-beam interference setup.
De caos sistêmico e de crise civilizatória: tensões territoriais em curso
Authors: Porto-Gonçalves Carlos Walter
Published: September 2020

Nesse artigo refletimos sobre o atual momento histórico-civilizatório que vivemos. Trata-se de um período histórico em crise, mas de uma crise que vai além da crise do capitalismo enquanto crise civilizatória. Trata-se de um período de caos sistêmico ou de crise de um padrão de poder/saber que nos governa há 500 anos. Portanto de uma crise de larga duração. As bases em que se sustentavam esse padrão de poder/saber – a dominação da natureza e de todos os grupos sociais que à natureza são assimilados – os indígenas/selvagens, os negros, as mulheres, os que operam com as mãos sejam proletários ou camponeses – começam a ser abertamente questionados por aqueles que, apesar de lutarem a mais de 500 anos, só agora pós 1950/1960 começam a ter voz. Reinventam, assim, suas relações com a natureza e a cultura, com o conceito de território desnaturalizando-o. Assim, diante de um dos mais intensos processos expropriatórios que a humanidade jamais viveu, como nos últimos 50 anos, emergem outras referências teórico-políticas sinalizando que estamos diante de outros horizontes de sentido não eurocêntricos.
O risco climático na agricultura do Brasil no contexto de ferramentas de busca (big data)
Authors: Rudge Ramos Ribeiro Rodrigo , Nascimento Sulaiman Samia
Published: September 2020

Este artigo analisa a visibilidade do tema de risco climático, ligado à agricultura, no Brasil através de ferramenta de busca do big data, uma área do conhecimento que estuda grandes conjuntos de dados, com amplo uso nas redes virtuais. Foi realizado levantamento quantitativo de publicações gerais e científicas, com um recorte temporal de 10 anos (entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2018), a partir da ferramenta de busca online do Google (Google Trends, Google Busca Brasil e Google Acadêmico Brasil) e palavras-chave, isoladas e combinadas (“clima”, “agrícola”, “rural”, “urbano” e “cidade”). Os resultados indicaram que, apesar de os impactos e os prognósticos do risco climático na agricultura terem fortes consequências sobre a economia brasileira, não foi encontrado volume considerável de publicações com esse enfoque, ainda mais se comparado ao volume gerado com enfoque no urbano, que demonstrou ter maior pertinência social e científica do campo ligado aos riscos climáticos. O uso de big data como uma ferramenta de diagnóstico sobre a produção e a busca de informações de relevância social nas redes virtuais mostrou-se ser uma oportunidade para identificar lacunas de pertinência social e orientar melhor estratégias de sensibilização e conscientização para o enfrentamento dos desafios das mudanças climáticas. Contudo, são necessários estudos complementares, comparando com outros buscadores de informação.
Principal component analysis of C-SAR images for flood mapping – Santa Fé province, Argentina
Authors: Zamboni Graosque Jones , Guasselli Laurindo Antônio
Published: September 2020

Flood events are phenomena associated with heavy rainfall. In Argentina, floods have high economic and social costs, including loss of human life. In this paper, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to map flood-prone areas along the Paraná river in Santa Fe, Argentina. The Sentinel-1B (S1B) images, sensor C-SAR with VH polarisation Interferometric type (IW) Ground Range Detected (GRD) with spatial resolution of 10 m, from 2016, were referenced and the PCA method was used to extract the four first principal components. The flood-affected images make it possible to accurately define the flooded area. In targets with dense vegetation, however, there is no pixel backscatter pattern. PC2 better highlighted the threshold of pixel intensity, with an accuracy of 70%, and 93% of the mapped area was shown to be flood-prone. Procedures to map floods remotely are pivotal because they can quickly obtain precise data on flood areas that may not be accessible for fieldwork or that have not yet been mapped in great detail.
Reconstrução de dados e deteção de ondas de calor e de frio no Porto e concelhos vizinhos – Portugal
Authors: Alves Maikon Passos Amilton , Silveira Rafael Brito , Monteiro Ana , Bitencourt Daniel Pires , Sousa Carlos Miguel
Published: September 2020

Efetuou-se a reconstrução das séries históricas por meio da análise de regressão linear simples (RLS) e, depois, transformaram-se os dados existentes das estações meteorológicas clássicas (EMC) e automáticas (EMA) de cada uma em séries únicas e contínuas. As ondas de calor (OdC) e as ondas de frio (OdF) foram detectadas a partir de dados diários de temperatura obtidos entre 1970 e 2017. A RLS para a temperatura máxima e para a temperatura mínima, entre as quatro estações, foram significativas (p < 0,0001). As correlações (rs) entre as séries reconstruídas para as estações dos mesmos sítios foram muito fortes (p < 0,01), variando entre 0,93 e 0,99. Com base no teste de Mann-Kendall (α = 5%), as OdC em Pedras Rubras tendem a ser mais frequentes e mais duradouras. Já para as OdC na estação da Serra do Pilar, todos os parâmetros apresentaram tendência significativa de aumento. Quanto às OdF em Pedras Rubras, há tendência para eventos menos frequentes, menos duradouros e mais intensos. As OdF na Serra do Pilar apresentaram-se menos frequentes, menos duradouras e menos severas.
Zoneamento de incêndios florestais na estação ecológica Águas Emendadas, Distrito Federal (Brasil)
Authors: Camelo Ana Paula Silva , Sanches Keila , Nakagomi Bruno
Published: September 2020

O aumento no número de ocorrências de incêndios florestais no bioma Cerrado é considerado uma ameaça à sua conservação. Dessa forma, as áreas protegidas por meio das Unidades de Conservação (UC) são fundamentais para a proteção dos biomas brasileiros. No entanto, mesmo essas áreas são acometidas por incêndios que comprometem suas integridades. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar o zoneamento do risco de incêndio florestal da UC Estação Ecológica Águas Emendadas por meio do método multicritério aditivo, validá-lo com as cicatrizes dos incêndios ocorridos entre os anos de 2011 a 2015 e avaliar a espacialidade do risco a incêndios florestais. Foi observado que nenhuma área da UC estudada foi classificada como zona de risco Extremo, no entanto mais de 60% da UC foi classificada em zonas de Alto ou Muito Alto risco a incêndios. A validação mostrou que 80% dos incêndios ocorreram sobre áreas com risco mediano a incêndios florestais como formações savânicas ou campestres. Foi obtido um Índice Global de Moran para o risco de incêndios florestais no valor de 0.83 indicando uma elevada autorrelação espacial, além disso, o Índice Local de Moran identificou como regiões mais críticas as áreas de interface de vegetação nativa e áreas urbanas.
Risco associado ao transporte metroferroviário urbano: estudo na região metropolitana de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Samara Sayonara Candida , De Almeida Lutiane Queiroz
Published: September 2020

O transporte de passageiros sobre trilhos faz parte do cotidiano brasileiro desde o século XIX, no entanto a dimensão geográfica no que concerne à análise dos riscos associados a este modal ainda é pouco explorada. O Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, localizado no Nordeste do Brasil, possui um trecho ativo de via férrea correspondente a 56,2 quilômetros de extensão, grande parte em interação com áreas urbanas e de fluxo intenso de pessoas, fato que suscita várias problemáticas socioespaciais, entre elas a do risco de acidentes envolvendo as locomotivas durante sua circulação. Diante desta realidade, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os padrões espaciais associados aos acidentes metroferroviários na região metropolitana de Natal, sob um olhar geográfico e estatístico, com o intuito de discutir a noção de risco associado a este modal, além de quantificar e espacializar os acidentes. Através da espacialização do fenômeno e posterior análise, chegou-se à conclusão que as áreas com maior fluxo de pessoas e veículos em circulação sobre a via férrea (como as passagens de nível), somado a outras circunstâncias espaciais, são fatores determinantes para a efetivação dos acidentes no território dominado pelo modal ferroviário.
Videla en Venezuela: participación civil y diplomacia cultural. Estrategias internacionales para refutar la “campaña antiargentina”
Authors: Schenquer Laura , Dios Alicia
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo analiza la visita en 1977 del presidente argentino de facto Videla a Venezuela. Se estudian peculiaridades de la gira, en la que por primera vez el dictador fue recibido por un gobierno democrático y para la ocasión había sido preparada una comitiva integrada por funcionarios y por personalidades destacadas. Se propone reconstruir la estrategia gubernamental que buscó difundir los logros del régimen para evitar que se conocieran los conflictos que tuvieron lugar en Venezuela.
PENGEMBANGAN SELF-CONCEPT KHAIRA UMMAH SANTRI PEREMPUAN MENYONGSONG ERA SOCIETY 5.0 PERSPEKTIF PENGEMBANGAN KARIER
Authors: Arifin Samsul
Published: September 2020

Masyarakat 5.0 akan mengarahkan penggunaan teknologi 4.0 yang berpusat kepada manusia sehingga kehidupan manusia menjadi lebih makmur dan bermakna. Untuk itu, diperlukan pemahaman tentang diri. Diri termasuk sesuatu yang paling penting dan mendasar dalam kajian psikologi; karena mengungkap bagaimana individu berpikir dan berperilaku dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangan  konsep diri ideal santri putri dari  Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo Situbondo. Metode pendekatan service-learning (SL); yang bertitik tolak dari aplikasi ilmu pengetahuan yang dipelajari di dalam kelas untuk diterapkan dalam dunia nyata dan dirancang bersama komunitas santri. Hasil: pengembangan konsep diri ideal santri adalah sebagai generasi khaira ummah yang berkarakter ”Pelopor” (pemimpin di jalan Allah dan pemimpin bersama umat untuk membangun peradaban). Untuk mengimplementasi generasi khaira ummah, santri mengembangkan skema diri yaitu bagaimana santri berpikir tentang kualitas personalnya yang menyeimbangkan kualitas keterampilan (shalahiyyah) dengan integritas (shalih). Di antaranya: alim (menguasai dan mengamalkan ilmu); jujur dan giat (as-shidq); kasih sayang (rahmah); mampu mengendalikan diri (wara, zuhud, dan sabar); sederhana dan bersahaja (qonaah, ridha, dan ikhlas); tawadhu’ dan wawas diri (jaga penampilan, ucapan, dan hati); dan komunikatif. Self-concept santri yang bermuatan ibadah dan membangun peradaban, termasuk memikirkan perekonomian umat; sejalan dengan developmental self-concept theory.
LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DALAM MOTIVASI BELAJAR BAGI SISWA SMK N 3 KASIHAN BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hidayati Isna Wahyu
Published: September 2020

Low learning motivation is very influential on school achievement. Motivation is a factor for students because it can support the spirit of learning. The benefits of learning motivation are very much like enthusiasm in completing schoolwork, student achievement increases, and fosters confidence. This study aims to determine counseling guindance services in learning motivation for students of SMK N 3 Kasihan Bantul. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this study resulted in the services provided by BK teacher including all students both students with special needs or not, because the scholl of SMK N Kasihan accepts students with special needss, there are 4 classifications of children with special needs in SMK N Kasihan namely slow learners, autistic, deaf, tunadaksa. The counseling guidance for students of SMK N 3 Kasihan is first, at the beginning of the semester the guidance teacher chooses and sorts and looks for students who have decreased learning, can be seen from the daily grades or report cards. Second, provide special hours when there are empty subjects because the teacher does not have special hours to enter the class because there are too many subjects that require a lot of time such as the practice of drawing, painting and photographing. Third, BK teachers work together with the homeroom teacher or other teachers to find out the problems experienced by students.whereas counseling guindance service at SMK N 3 Kasihan, BK teacher guidance service condacted by BK teacher are orientation services, information service, indicidual counseling services, group guidance services, and group counseling services.
INTERVENSI PENURUNAN TINGKAT DEPRESI MELALUI EMPATHIC LOVE THERAPY
Authors: Widiasari Eka
Published: September 2020

Depression is the one global significant problem in the world. The prevalence of depression in Indonesia is higher than the prevalence in other countries. The risk of first developing depression increase in late adolescence and early adulthood, eventualy peaking in the middle age range (age 45-55). Empathic love therapy emphasizes on how individuals accept and love all aspects of him/herself.  This research  aimed to test the effectivity of empathic love in decreasing depression. This therapy was applied to 3 clients, who pass the inclusive criteria for selected participant, in 8 sessions of individual setting therapy. Clients was selected using Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). BDI-II was given before and after therapy, and one in the follow up session after therapy. BDI-II showed significant decrease in 3 clients depression from mild to normal in the end of therapy. Narrative analysis of conversation transcript showed decreases level of depression. The conclusion is empathic love therapy can decreas level of depression. Further research is needed to be held to find out effective contribution of therapy techniques to its succes and therapy’s reliability.
Pengembangan Komoditas Pertanian Unggulan di Wilayah Perbatasan Bengkayang Mendukung Pengembangan Lumbung Pangan
Authors: Mulyono Joko
Published: September 2020

Agricultural productivity in the border region of Bengkayang Regency is low, on one side the area of agricultural land is quite extensive (89.23%) coupled with a population density of only 44 people/km2. The research objective was to determine the leading agricultural commodities in the border region of Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province to support the development of a national food barn. This study uses secondary data covering data on crops harvest area, horticulture crop production, plantation production, and livestock populations in 2011-2015 obtained from the Bengkayang Regency Central Statistics Agency (BPS), West Kalimantan. The data is analyzed by analysis of Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis (SSA). The results of the study showed that oil palm was the plantation’s leading commodities in the border region of Jagoi Babang Subdistrict and pepper in Siding SubDistrict. Cows, pigs, and ducks are the leading commodities of livestock in the border region of Jagoi Babang Subdistrict and ducks in Siding Subdistrict.
Accelerated Life Testing of Pyrowear 675 Material at 218°C (425°F) Using a Ball-on-Rod Rolling Contact Fatigue Tester
Authors: Trivedi Hitesh K. , Rosado Lewis
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life performance of martensitic stainless steel Pyrowear 675 (P675). Two heat treatment versions of P675 were evaluated for RCF life in a hybrid configuration (silicon nitride rolling elements). The results are compared to AISI M50 steel in an all-metal and hybrid configuration. RCF life testing was conducted using a ball-on-rod tester at maximum Hertzian contact stress values of 5.5 GPa (hybrid) and 4.8 GPa (all-metal). Hybrid P675 showed a significant improvement in fatigue life and rolling wear resistance compared to all-metal M50 and hybrid M50. Posttest analysis showed the formation of white etching regions (WERs)/dark etching regions (DERs) and white etching cracks (WECs) in all materials tested. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling showed the presence of a phosphorus-rich film, suggesting material surface reactions with the antiwear additive present in the lubricant.
The Secreted Glycoprotein Reelin Suppresses the Proliferation and Regulates the Distribution of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells in the Embryonic Neocortex
Authors: Ogino Himari , Nakajima Tsuzumi , Hirota Yuki , Toriuchi Kohki , Aoyama Mineyoshi , Nakajima Kazunori , Hattori Mitsuharu
Published: September 2020

Oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) are generated, proliferate, migrate, and differentiate in the developing brain. Although the development of OPCs is prerequisite for normal brain function, the molecular mechanisms regulating their development in the neocortex are not fully understood. Several molecules regulate the tangential distribution of OPCs in the developing neocortex, but the cue molecule(s) that regulate their radial distribution remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the secreted glycoprotein Reelin suppresses the proliferation of OPCs and acts as a repellent for their migrationin vitro. These functions rely on the binding of Reelin to its receptors and on the signal transduction involving the intracellular protein Dab1. In the late embryonic neocortex of mice with attenuated Reelin signaling [i.e., Reelin heterozygote-deficient, Dab1 heterozygote-deficient mutant, or very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR)-deficient mice], the number of OPCs increased and their distribution shifted toward the superficial layers. In contrast, the number of OPCs decreased and they tended to distribute in the deep layers in the neocortex of mice with abrogated inactivation of Reelin by proteolytic cleavage, namely a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs 3 (ADAMTS-3)-deficient mice and cleavage-resistant Reelin knock-in mice. Both male and female animals were used. These data indicate that Reelin–Dab1 signaling regulates the proliferation and radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic neocortex and that the regulation of Reelin function by its specific proteolysis is required for the normal development of OPCs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we report that Reelin–Dab1 signaling regulates the proliferation and radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic mouse neocortex. Oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) express Reelin signaling molecules and respond to Reelin stimulation. Reelin–Dab1 signaling suppresses the proliferation of OPCs bothin vitroandin vivo. Reelin repels OPCsin vitro, and the radial distribution of OPCs is altered in mice with either attenuated or augmented Reelin–Dab1 signaling. This is the first report identifying the secreted molecule that plays a role in the radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic neocortex. Our results also show that the regulation of Reelin function by its specific proteolysis is important for the normal development of OPCs.
Circuit-Specific Plasticity of Callosal Inputs Underlies Cortical Takeover
Authors: Petrus Emily , Dembling Sarah , Usdin Ted , Isaac John T.R. , Koretsky Alan P.
Published: September 2020

Injury induces synaptic, circuit, and systems reorganization. After unilateral amputation or stroke, this functional loss disrupts the interhemispheric interaction between intact and deprived somatomotor cortices to recruit deprived cortex in response to intact limb stimulation. This recruitment has been implicated in enhanced intact sensory function. In other patients, maladaptive consequences such as phantom limb pain can occur. We used unilateral whisker denervation in male and female mice to detect circuitry alterations underlying interhemispheric cortical reorganization. Enhanced synaptic strength from the intact cortex via the corpus callosum (CC) onto deep neurons in deprived primary somatosensory barrel cortex (S1BC) has previously been detected. It was hypothesized that specificity in this plasticity may depend on to which area these neurons projected. Increased connectivity to somatomotor areas such as contralateral S1BC, primary motor cortex (M1) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) may underlie beneficial adaptations, while increased connectivity to pain areas like anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) might underlie maladaptive pain phenotypes. Neurons from the deprived S1BC that project to intact S1BC were hyperexcitable, had stronger responses and reduced inhibitory input to CC stimulation. M1-projecting neurons also showed increases in excitability and CC input strength that was offset with enhanced inhibition. S2 and ACC-projecting neurons showed no changes in excitability or CC input. These results demonstrate that subgroups of output neurons undergo dramatic and specific plasticity after peripheral injury. The changes in S1BC-projecting neurons likely underlie enhanced reciprocal connectivity of S1BC after unilateral deprivation consistent with the model that interhemispheric takeover supports intact whisker processing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAmputation, peripheral injury, and stroke patients experience widespread alterations in neural activity after sensory loss. A hallmark of this reorganization is the recruitment of deprived cortical space which likely aids processing and thus enhances performance on intact sensory systems. Conversely, this recruitment of deprived cortical space has been hypothesized to underlie phenotypes like phantom limb pain and hinder recovery. A mouse model of unilateral denervation detected remarkable specificity in alterations in the somatomotor circuit. These changes underlie increased reciprocal connectivity between intact and deprived cortical hemispheres. This increased connectivity may help explain the enhanced intact sensory processing detected in humans.
An Upper-Level Biology Course Designed to Develop Science Communication in STEM Majors by Examining the Biotechnology Industry
Authors: Laranjo Laura T. , Greppi Chloe C. , Kosinski-Collins Melissa S.
Published: September 2020

Many undergraduate students pursuing life science majors are not aware of job options outside of medicine and academic research, because many departments stress these as the only primary career pathways. In addition, biology students often do not have many opportunities to develop their science communication and presentation skills due to the rigorous course requirements inherent in these fields that would make them more competitive for careers in biotechnology. We developed a course using diverse pedagogies designed to introduce students to new careers in biotechnology, to help them understand the role of ethics in the drug development pipeline, and to incorporate more communication assignments, such as student presentations and journal-club-style paper discussions to more effectively prepare them for many STEM-based career possibilities. By the end of the course, students had broader knowledge of previously unknown science careers, had improved their scientific communication skills, and reported a greater understanding of course material as a result of the science communication assignments.
Trapping Fruit Flies: A Guided-Inquiry Lab Approach to Teaching Biology to Nonmajors
Authors: Angra Aakanksha , Ng Siu Lung , Onstine Alison , Spencer Chrissy
Published: September 2020

Current trends in education include offering students authentic experiences that generate broad interest, develop their cognitive flexibility, and prepare them to be scientifically literate members of society. We present a three-part guided-inquiry lab that gives students practice applying the scientific method to control fruit fly outbreaks and reinforces concepts related to behavioral and sensory biology. This activity was designed and tested at a four-year university but can be modified for high school courses. Students are “employed” by the fictional Fruit Fly Trap Company to design a device to maximize capture of female fruit flies using environmentally friendly lures. During this lab, students collaborate to conduct literature searches, ask research questions, develop hypotheses, design experiments, collect and analyze data, and present findings in a short oral presentation. In our implementation of this module in a biology class for nonmajors in fall 2017, over 50% of students reported that the literature research, scent experiments, trap construction, trap testing, and PowerPoint presentation were extremely effective in teaching science process and biological problem-solving skills. Over 70% of our students rated the practical, hands-on elements of the activity as enjoyable. Overall, students generally enjoyed the lab and reported positive impacts on their learning.
Tips to Minimize the Likelihood of Fainting in a Cadaveric Dissection Lab
Authors: Monson Sarah , Tufte Mary Jo , Forshee Jay Lance
Published: September 2020

Many biology courses include a dissection lab. Whether students are dissecting a frog or a cadaver, it is important for them to be comfortable with their surroundings and the dissections. However, many students are uneasy around dissections, which could lead to several issues within a lab. To combat this, we feel it is important that faculty are aware of the various ways of preparing themselves and students to prevent fainting and other dangerous issues in lab. How one prepares for lab can have a huge impact on the students' lab experience. This article presents 10 tips and tricks we have employed to aid students in having a positive cadaver dissection experience, including informing students of the dissection and what will be covered in lab, requiring proper attire, recommending that students eat before lab to prevent nausea, and several other ideas.
Marcas de la Pandemia: El Derecho a la Educación Afectado
Authors: Ruiz Guillermo Ramón
Published: September 2020

En este trabajo se analizan algunas de las implicancias que ha tenido la pandemia del Covid-19 sobre el ejercicio del derecho a la educación. Se realiza un encuadre que considera el contexto global a través de algunos indicadores recientes sobre los efectos que ha tenido la pandemia en la escolarización, y a partir de ello se intenta elucidar algunas consecuencias sobre el derecho a la educación en función de su contenido en términos pedagógicos, o sea, en la formación y el aprendizaje. En primer lugar, se define el contenido del derecho a la educación desde el enfoque de los derechos humanos y las obligaciones estatales en la materia. En segundo lugar, se realiza un doble análisis del impacto de la pandemia sobre la escolarización masiva, tanto desde una perspectiva macro (al considerar los datos globales) como también desde una perspectiva micro (al contemplar los efectos en los sistemas y en las instituciones de todos los niveles educativos). Se problematizan algunas de las decisiones tomadas por los gobiernos, referidas a la celeridad con que se implementaron programas educación a distancia a través de plataformas digitales, y que han afectado la formación de las personas. Finalmente, se plantean algunos de los escenarios generados y los desafíos que en ellos se evidencian para garantizar el ejercicio de este derecho humano fundamental.
Covid-19, Pobreza y Educación en Chiapas: Análisis a los Programas Educativos Emergentes
Authors: Mérida Martínez Yliana , Acuña Gamboa Luis Alan
Published: September 2020

El evidente cambio en la vida socioeducativa que trajo consigo la pandemia por Covid-19 en Chiapas, México, ha expuesto los escollos con los que las instituciones gubernamentales nacional y estatal hacen frente con emergencia a las necesidades y demandas de la población escolar. En este artículo se evidencian y confrontan los obstáculos regionales –en términos de niveles de pobreza, acceso a bienes y rezago educativo– que imposibilitan la óptima implementación de los programas ‘Aprende en Casa’ y ‘Mi Escuela en Casa’ en el estado. La investigación se realizó a partir de la revisión y sistematización de los datos estadísticos proporcionados por el INEGI y la SEP de 2015 al 2019, así mismo se emplearon los Sistemas de Información Geográfica para la representación espacial de los datos más representativos. Uno de los hallazgos más importantes muestra que los niveles altos de pobreza y rezago educativo, son el común denominador en tres regiones de Chiapas (Altos Tsotsil-Tseltal, De los Llanos y Tulijá Tseltal-Chol) las cuales, a su vez, cuentan con menores acceso a bienes necesarios para el trabajo escolar en casa bajo la educación multimodal por la pandemia. Se concluye que estos programas educativos emergentes, no fueron diseñados para las diversas realidades sociales en las que se constituye el país; por ello, la amenaza es latente en cuanto al incremento de las brechas educativas entre las regiones de Chiapas, como entre los estados de México.
Políticas Educativas en Tiempos de Coronavirus: La Confrontación Ideológica en España
Authors: Díez Gutiérrez Enrique Javier , Gajardo Espinoza Katherine
Published: September 2020

Las Administraciones Educativas han establecido instrucciones y normativas para regular el fin de curso escolar, su evaluación y el inicio del nuevo curso, ante la situación de suspensión de clases durante el tercer trimestre y el confinamiento en el domicilio de la población, decretado por la pandemia del Covid-19. Estos 20 documentos y 369 páginas permiten investigar las distintas políticas educativas adoptadas por las Comunidades Autónomas en España. Se ha utilizado para ello un análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados indican que las normativas se encuadran entre dos grandes enfoques: uno más “progresista” centrado en asentar los aprendizajes básicos y relevantes, el apoyo emocional y la evaluación formativa, donde la tercera evaluación no presencial se consideraba “no calificable”. Otro más “conservador” que, apuesta por seguir avanzando contenidos, evaluarlos, estableciendo no promocionar ni titular con asignaturas suspensas. No obstante, hay una serie de medidas que han generado un consenso pedagógico muy positivo de cara a las futuras políticas educativas en este país, en torno a “no dejar a nadie atrás”, la flexibilización del proceso educativo, la evaluación como mejora, la potenciación del uso didáctico de las tecnologías o el apoyo y refuerzo.
Reflexiones Educativas para el posCovid-19. Recordando el Futuro
Authors: López Martín Ramón
Published: September 2020

La crisis sanitaria de la Covid-19 que asola el mundo de la actualidad va a traer consecuencias irreversibles para el ámbito de la educación. Es inexcusable, por tanto, que la comunidad educativa, en general, y los profesionales de la educación, en particular, afronten un profundo análisis sobre el cambio de relato pedagógico con el que vamos a tener que construir el futuro. El carácter de primera reflexión, a la que -sin duda- seguirán muchas otras, nos lleva a encuadrar la reflexión en torno a tres ejes básicos de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje: qué enseñamos o qué deberíamos enseñar, cómo lo enseñamos, y lo que nos parece más importante, si cabe, para qué debemos enseñar o cuál debería ser el objetivo preciso de nuestra educación. Apostamos por transitar de un modelo centrado en los resultados, en la acumulación de contenidos y en la memorización de cara a una evaluación estrictamente académica, hacia otro donde el centro se sitúe en el aprendizaje competencial de los estudiantes, en la adquisición de habilidades y capacitación de recursos, sociales y personales, que nos permitan afrontar las adversidades de la vida. Transmitir el saber y enseñar para “ganarse la vida”, sin duda, pero educar para “entender la vida” en un mundo en permanente cambio, también. Ciudadanía, convivencia, equidad, justicia social, integración de lo digital, gestión emocional, resiliencia, cercanía afectiva, o esperanza, serán los vectores necesarios para ganar el futuro de la educación.
Manifiesto en Tiempos de Pandemia: Por una Educación Crítica, Intergeneracional, Sostenible y Comunitaria
Authors: Iglesias Vidal Edgar , González-Patiño Javier , Lalueza José Luis , Esteban-Guitart Moisés
Published: September 2020

La actual emergencia derivada de la pandemia del coronavirus nos recuerda que compartimos un mismo desafío en tanto que seres humanos. Recientemente, se ha considerado la pandemia Covid-19 una experiencia colectiva y traumática (“world perezhivanie”), caracterizada por una crisis sistémica que impacta no solo en nuestra salud, sino también en nuestra economía, política, orden social y, por supuesto, en la educación. Esta situación nos impide postergar más la necesidad aún pendiente de (re)imaginar críticamente el sentido de la educación en el siglo XXI. En este artículo teórico, de carácter propositivo y deliberativo, proponemos dos principios para superar tres sesgos habituales en nuestra compresión del aprendizaje y del hecho educativo. A partir de dichas consideraciones, se describe e ilustra lo que para nosotros significa una educación intergeneracional, personalizada, compartida, conectada y sostenible, basada en una cultura y práctica de los afectos y el acompañamiento, que permita consolidar procesos de mejora y transformación educativa.
Circulating microRNA-194 and microRNA-1228 Could Predict Colon Cancer Proliferation via Phospho S6 Modulation
Authors: Pasca Sergiu , Ionescu Calin , Andras David , Eniu Dan , Muresan Mihai Andrei , Magdo Lorand , Jurj Ancuta , Raduly Lajos , Cojocneanu Roxana , Petrushev Bobe , Zaharie Florin , Irimie Alexandru , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Muresan Mihai Stefan
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims: Although colon cancer has a decreasing incidence trend in Europe, because of its still high frequency and not fully understood pathogenesis, this malignancy still remains a subject of intense research. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microRNA-194 and microRNA-1228 in colon cancer proliferation.

Methods: RNA was extracted from patients with colon cancer with or without advanced disease and microRNA expression levels were determined through qRT-PCR. Assays were performed on HCT116 cell line and included qRT-PCR, western blotting and cell counting.

Results: We observed that both microRNAs 194 and 1228 were altered in patients with colon cancer compared with healthy individuals. We observed a lower expression of both microRNA-194 and microRNA-1228 in patients with advanced colon cancer. To validate their pathogenetic role we performed viability and invasion assays on HCT116 cell line transfected with mimics or inhibitors of the mentioned microRNAs, with observable changes in viability and invasion. Furthermore, to determine the altered signaling induced by these microRNAs, we performed western blotting for phospho S6 on HCT116 cells transfected with mimic and inhibitor of the above-mentioned microRNAs with observable differences.

Conclusion: In the current study we have shown that both microRNA-194 and microRNA-1228 alteration was correlated with the presence of advanced colon cancer, a fact that was further validated in vitro through an invasion assay. Moreover, we have also shown that their effect might be mediated through phospho S6 expression.
Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Functional Dyspepsia and their Overlap in Bulgaria: a Population-Based Study
Authors: Nakov Radislav , Dimitrova-Yurukova Desislava , Snegarova Violeta , Uzunova Milena , Lyutakov Ivan , Ivanova Monika , Madzharova Katerina , Valkov Hristo , Hristova Rumiana , Ivanov Krasen , Kosturkov Ilko , Valcheva Gergana , Nakov Nikolas , Nakov Ventsislav
Published: September 2020

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), and their overlap syndrome (OS) in the Bulgarian population and to assess the risk factors associated with these disorders.

Methods: We sent an internet-based survey to Bulgarian adults. The survey collected data on socio- demographic, behavioral and lifestyle characteristics, and diagnostic questions following the Rome IV criteria to assess IBS, FD and their overlap occurrence.

Results: Data was collected from 1,896 individuals (mean age = 35.5 years, 18-65, SD=11.7), 73.1% females. The prevalence of IBS was 20% (14% were with predominant constipation, 32% with predominant diarrhea, 52% had IBS with mixed bowel habits, and 2% unclassified IBS). Gender (p=0.005), age (p<0.001), marital status (p=0.009), occupation (p=0.001), alcohol consumption (p=0.013), sexual problems (p<0.001), FD (p<0.001), and milk intolerance (p<0.001) were significantly associated with IBS. Females (p=0.032; OR: 1.50), patients with FD (p<0.001; OR: 104.98), sexual problems (p= 0.001; ОR: 1.55 ), and milk intolerance (p<0.001; OR: 2.22) are at a higher risk of having IBS. The prevalence of FD was 12.7% (39% had postprandial distress syndrome, 33% epigastric pain syndrome, and 28% had the overlapping variant). Patients with IBS (p<0.001; OR: 127.88) and milk intolerance (p<0.001) were significantly associated with FD prevalence. The prevalence of OS was 11.7%. Gender (p=0.013), milk intolerance (p<0.001, OR: 1.65), urinary (p=0.035) and sexual problems (p<0.001, ОR: 1.80) were associated with OS prevalence.

Conclusion: This is the first study to estimate the prevalence of IBS, FD, and their OS and assess the behavioral and demographic risk factors associated with these disorders in the Bulgarian population. Our results are valuable in filling in the epidemiological data gap regarding IBS, FD, and OS in Eastern Europe.
Autoimmune Hepatitis: a Review of Established and Evolving Treatments
Authors: Bischoff Sebastian , Yesmembetov Kakharman , Antoni Christoph , Sollors Janina , Evert Matthias , Ebert Matthias , Teufel Andreas
Published: September 2020

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a necroinflammatory liver disease commonly presenting with a fluctuating course of activity, presence of circulating autoantibodies, hyperglobulinemia of IgG, and/or response to immunosuppressive drugs. However, the disease displays a considerable heterogeneity. No single clinical or biochemical test may establish diagnosis of AIH. Thus, diagnosis still requires extensive clinical evaluation and experience. Prednisolone and azathioprine are considered standard treatment leading to remission in most patients. However, this standard treatment may not be effective in some patients or not be feasible due to one of these drugs. Over the past two decades additional immunosuppressant drugs for the treatment of AIH have been evaluated and have significantly extended the therapeutic spectrum. Among those novel drugs are mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, everolimus, 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, rituximab and several others. In this review we summarize the current standard of therapy but also efforts of providing novel therapeutic strategies to AIH patients.
POEM: Five Years of Experience in a Single East European Center
Authors: Tefas Cristian , Boroș Carina , Ciobanu Lidia , Surdea-Blaga Teodora , Tanțău Alina , Tanțău Marcel
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims: Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder with many available therapies. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a therapeutic alternative to surgical myotomy, harboring significant potential short term advantages. Our aim was to analyze a single-series POEM’s learning curve, safety and efficiency over short, medium and long-terms in an East European Center.

Methods: This observational, prospective study was carried out in the Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Patients with symptomatic achalasia (Eckardt score>3) and pre-op evaluations consistent with the diagnosis of achalasia were included. All POEMs were performed by a highly skilled endoscopist. All patients were allowed to eat 48 hours after POEM. An esophagography was performed in all patients to exclude any leakage. The patients were asked to return for follow-up at established intervals: 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter.

Results: 136 patients were included with an average duration of symptomatology of 36.75 months. The procedure was technically successful in all patients, while a clinical success rate was achieved in 87.5% (n=119) of patients after one POEM session. The success rate was 92.64% after 6 months, 91.17% after one year, 88.9% after 2 years, and 87.5% after 3 years or more; 12.5% of patients required additional treatment. Eighteen patients (13.23%) presented major early complications. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was encountered in 16 patients immediately after POEM and in 22 patients at subsequent follow-ups.

Conclusion: POEM is a safe and effective minimally invasive therapeutic option which can substitute surgical myotomy, having a high success rate and a low rate of adverse events in short, medium and long-term.
Predictors of Cognitive Defects and Its Prevention Capabilities in Premature Infants
Authors: Belyaeva Irina A. , Baranov Alexander A. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Efendieva Kamilla E. , Arimova Polina S. , Molodchenkov Alexey I. , Bombardirova Elena P. , Karkashadze Georgiy A. , Turti Tatiana V. , Vishnyova Elena A.
Published: September 2020

The article summarizes the materials of modern publications on cognitive development of premature infants in connection with perinatal factors and parenting conditions. Leading risk predictors of cognitive defects in premature infants are severe dysmaturity by the time of birth (gestational age <27 weeks) and need for intensive care during the first weeks of life. The data of longitudinal researches of the premature infants’ development until reaching their adulthood is presented. The structure of cognitive defects in this population is studied. The most common problems were revealed in learning mathematics, operational memory and purposeful behavior and activity. Frequency of these cognitive defects is associated with both: stage of prematurity social problems of the family. Modern neurovisualization methods (diffusion weighted imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain) allows to identify the defects in child nervous system (Connectome) development already at the age of 18 months. It can be the substrate of cognitive defects, and it will allow to predict individual development pathway and implement direct corrections and interventions.
Ecological Aspects of Children Health in Astrakhan Region: Review
Authors: Dzhumagaziev Anvar A. , Bezrukova Dina A.
Published: September 2020

The review of the literature is mostly based on its own research and is devoted to the influence of natural (bottomland, 28 m below sea level, climate conditions with severe changes in temperature during the year, biogeochemical province with moderate iodine deficiency) and anthropogenic (increased air, water and soil pollution) environmental factors on children’s health in the Astrakhan region. The impact of the Astrakhan gas condensate field on the health condition is shown: growing number of children with physical and psychomotor disorders, imbalance in cellular and humoral immunity factors, growing number of frequently ill children with problems in adaptation to kindergartens and schools. The influence of vehicles on environmental pollution, frequency of allergic diseases among children (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis), and degraded quality of life was noted. There is the negative situation with water sources: samples from main Volga riverbed show both non-organic and organic contamination. Contamination of drinking water is considered as serious factor increasing the incidence of atopic pathology. The correlation between the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and soil contamination with benzapyrene on the territory of these children residence was revealed. Complex influence of iodine deficiency and adverse anthropogenic factors leads to abnormal children’s blood composition: development of erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, inhibition of hemoglobin synthesis function, lymphopenia. The incidence of diffusenodular endemic goiter, subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroiditis can increase as well. It is necessary to develop prevention and rehabilitation measures for children diseases associated with combined adverse effect of natural and anthropogenic factors in the Astrakhan region.
Clinical Case of Unilateral Laterothoracic Exanthem
Authors: Vedyashkina Mariya S. , Dubrovsky Anna M. , Lopatina Olga V. , Aslamazyan Lianna K. , Dubonosova Ekaterina Yu. , Pankova Alina R.
Published: September 2020

Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (ULE) is relatively rare self-limited pediatric skin inflammatory disease; its etiology still remains unknown. The diagnosis can be established due to specific clinical findings: presence of spotted and papular rash on one side of the body, more often in the axillary or inguinal area with possible generalization. This article presents the clinical case of ULE in the girl (4 years 8 months), it shows the dynamics of exanthematous syndrome at this pathology on different stages of the disease course.
Late Neonatal Sepsis with Acute Haematogenous Osteomyelitis Foci: Clinical Case
Authors: Manucharyan Marietta V. , Turti Tatiana V. , Belyaeva Irina A. , Privalova Tatiana E. , Makarova Ludmila M. , Ovsyannikova Marina A.
Published: September 2020

Background. The incidence of sepsis among newborns ranges from 1–12 to 38 per 1,000 live births in the world according to scientific literature [1, 2]. The clinical case demonstrates the features of the newborn organism sensitivity and the therapeutic and diagnostic process difficulties.

Clinical case description. The boy was born on the 37th week of gestation, 1st of twins, with body weight 3330 g, height 51 cm, APGAR score 8/9 points. He was on breastfeeding. His condition has deteriorated rapidly on the 9th day of life. The condition was severe due to intoxication syndrome, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) manifestation, further development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Severe pain syndrome and movement restraint in limbs have appeared on the 20th day of life. X-ray imaging: NEC signs, multiple osteomyelitis foci in the limbs.

Conclusion. Modern adequate diagnosis and justified treatment tactics have led to positive outcome: child’s condition has improved, body weight has increased, pain syndrome has been managed, the volume of movements in the limbs has increased, inflammatory markers have stabilised. The child was discharged from hospital in satisfactory condition at the age of 2 months.
«Pandora» on the Russian throne. Fashion and Russian Empresse. Part 1
Authors: Alimova Natalia , Uvarova Yulia
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to a retrospective analysis of mutual relations between the Russian empresses and a such nontrivial social phenomenon like a fashion. In many European countries, in the XVIII century the royal or imperial courts revolved around the zeitgeists of costume, and fashion was born in the Monarch’s residency. He and his entourage became the role models in clothes, accessories, shoes and hairstyles, as well as in behavioral pattern, even in dance and plastique. Compliance with this pattern was a way to express the loyal feelings. The ceremonial court-dress basically followed fashion trends and developed in line with the dominant style of art. Based on the analysis of historical documents, scientific literature and rich illustrative material the authors show the attitude of each Russian Empress towards costume, mode of dress and influence on fashion.
The first part presents the Empresses of the XVIII century — Catherine I, Anne of Russia, Elizaveta Petrovna and Catherine II.
The article was framed in the imago-graphic format, in which the text — illustrative material ratio is about equivalent. All portraits are as nearly attributed and attached to the place of their current exposure.
Authors’ contributions: the text — Yu.N. Uvarova, selection of illustrative material — N.K. Alimova