bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cucurbit[n]urils Based Molecular Recognition with Fluorescence Signalling
Authors: Liju R. , Rajkumar E.
Published: August 2022

The development of fluorescence based supramolecules offering selectivity,

sensitivity and detection in real time applications are of great interest. Cucurbit[n]urils

(CB[n]), a macrocyclic synthetic host molecule consists of a varying number of

glycoluril units bridged by methylene groups. CB[n]s easily forms host-guest

complexes (inclusion complexes) with a wide range of analytes. The recognition of

analytes in the presence of host molecules using fluorescence techniques received

greater attention due to its rapid response, high sensitivity to the environment and

robust adaptability. Exploiting the fluorescence properties of CB[n] based

supramolecules by enhancing or quenching the fluorescence intensity in the presence of

guest molecules by spectrofluorometric methods is discussed. A brief outlook on the

development of fluorescence properties of CB[n] based supramolecules used for

imaging and photodynamic therapy is presented and discussed.
Recent Developments in the Dynamics of Fluorescently Labelled Macromolecules
Authors: Murugan Kandhasamy Durai , Muthirulan Pandi , Chandrasekaran Vijayanand
Published: August 2022

There is considerable interest in the photophysics and photochemistry of

water-soluble macromolecules functionalized as pendant or copolymerized on the

macromolecular backbone itself. A promising feature of functionalized

macromolecules is that a large variety of chemical modifications based on molecular

design is possible as compared to conventional organized assemblies such as micelles

and vesicles. Photoactive macromolecules have important applications in photoresists,

xerography, photocuring of paints and resins, and solar energy conversion systems.

These macromolecular systems are broadly classified into two categories: (1) in which

chromophores are directly attached to the backbone of the macromolecule as a pendant

and (2) in which the macromolecule acts as a host to the photosensitizing molecules.

Various aspects of photochemical and photophysical processes in polymers are

discussed earlier in detail. Time resolved fluorescence techniques have been

extensively used to study the dynamics of natural and synthetic macromolecules. This

book chapter covers the investigations on the dynamics polymers in solution using a

variety of time resolved techniques ranging from a few femtoseconds to several seconds.
Text Mining
Authors: Mittal Mamta , Battineni Gopi , Usharani ​Bhimavarapu , Goyal Lalit Mohan
Published: August 2022

This chapter presents text mining and its importance, different open-source
libraries for natural language processing, data collection, preprocessing concepts,
feature selection, and feature extraction techniques, along with visualization
techniques.
A economia criativa e a geração millennials no contexto da indústria cinematográfica das histórias em quadrinhos: um estudo empírico
Authors: Gomes Jeane Rosa , Almeida Francisco Alberto Severo de , Porto Marcelo Duarte
Published: August 2022

his research aimed to learn about the comic books cinematic industry in aspects of the creative economy focused on social and cultural movements, as well as the perception of the millenials generation for being the generation that best accompanied this transition from comic book sheets to movie screens. The research is of exploratory and descriptive characteristics, based on bibliographic, documentary and field research. The field research instrument, applied to 50 (fifty) people from the millenials generation, was organized and structured to measure the profile of the participants, as well as to contextualize the conditioning paradigms of the Creative Economy variables and the millennials generation indicators. Finally, it concludes that this new culture of transforming comic book pages into cinematic adaptations is a niche market that will require a great demand from the entertainment industry in the coming decades, to continue making history in the cinema and achieving box office and public records
Negacionismo Científico análise da repercussão no Twitter acerca da vacina do COVID-19
Authors: Fernandes Carla MontuorI , Oliveira Luiz Ademir de , Gomes Vinícius Borges , Chaves Fernando de Resende
Published: August 2022

On August 31, 2020, the President of the Republic of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro (without a party), declared to thepress that the government could not compel citizens to take any immunization vaccine against COVID-19. The speech generated great repercussion in the press and on the networks. The article seeks to analyze, through Content Analysis (Bardin, 2011), how thespeech reverberated on Twitter and how it was linked to aspects of scientific negationism. The corpus was collected using software that listed the posts with the greatest impact on the network in the days following the declaration. It discusses, therefore, the fragility of the social field of science and the way in which political communication is inserted in a debate maximized by a mediatized society, where information and content pass through new circuits of sociability.
As tecnologias digitais e o ensino de ciência desafios curriculares
Authors: Rodrigues Olira Saraiva , Tavares Cleide Sandra , Cardoso Romualdo
Published: August 2022

This article is about the current scenario, changes and desires for a new education, in the need for the development of scientific and technological culture in educational institutions. The objective of this research lies in the perspective of building moments of reflection on the scientific and technological training of the teacher. As for the objectives, research is explanatory, as for the procedures,bibliographic and documental, of qualitative approach, in an inductive method of investigation. Writing builds a path of appropriation of digital culture, with the curricular proposal of some curricular documents, from the perspective of scientific literacy. Therefore, the epistemological analysis is based on Vigotski (2010), Piaget (2014), Moran (2013) (2015) (2019), Saviani (1999), Libâneo (2013) (2001), Santos (2007), Lemos (2003), Santaella (2013), among others.
An investigation of predictive factors of the orphanages' psychological well-being in Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors:   Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, et al. Dagang
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the predictor factors (e.g., life satisfaction, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem) on psychological well-being among orphans. This survey used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale. This study uses a sampling method to involve 103 orphans in PERKAYA Orphanage, Marang aged 18 years and below. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 using descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the psychological well-being of orphans is at a high level. Also, the study found that there was a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological well-being. Besides that, life satisfaction and self-esteem were not significantly related to psychological well-being. Multiple regression analysis showed that emotional intelligence and self-esteem were predictor factors of psychological well-being among orphans. In conclusion, the findings of this study can serve as a starting point for developing programs or module that emphasizes aspects of emotional intelligence and self-esteem in strengthening the psychological well-being of orphanage.
National Development and Regional Differences in eHealth Maturity in Finnish Public Health Care: Survey Study
Authors: Haverinen Jari , Keränen Niina , Tuovinen Timo , Ruotanen Ronja , Reponen Jarmo
Published: August 2022

Background

eHealth increasingly affects the delivery of health care around the world and the quest for more efficient health systems. In Finland, the development of eHealth maturity has been systematically studied since 2003, through surveys conducted every 3 years. It has also been monitored in several international studies. The indicators used in these studies examined the availability of the electronic patient record, picture archiving and communication system, health information exchange, and other key eHealth functionalities.

Objective

The first aim is to study the national development in the maturity level of eHealth in primary health care and specialized care between 2011 and 2020 in Finland. The second aim is to clarify the regional differences in the maturity level of eHealth among Finnish hospital districts in 2020.

Methods

Data for this study were collected in 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2020, using web-based questionnaires from the Use of information and communication technology surveys in Finnish health care project. In total, 16 indicators were selected to describe the status of eHealth, and they were based on international eHealth studies and Finnish eHealth surveys in 3 areas: applications, regional integration, and data security and information and communications technology skills. The indicators remain the same in all the study years; therefore, the results are comparable.

Results

All the specialized care organizations (21/21, 100%) in 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2020 participated in the study. The response rate among primary health care organizations was 86.3% (139/161) in 2011, 88.2% (135/153) in 2014, 85.8% (121/141) in 2017, and 95.6% (130/136) in 2020. At the national level, the biggest developments in eHealth maturity occurred between 2011 and 2014. The development has since continued, and some indicators have been saturated. Primary health care lags behind specialized care organizations, as measured by all the indicators and throughout the period under review. Regionally, there are differences among different types of organizations.

Conclusions

eHealth maturity has steadily progressed in Finland nationally, and its implementation has also been promoted through various national strategies and legislative changes. Some eHealth indicators have already been saturated and achieved an intensity of use rate of 100%. However, the scope for development remains, especially in primary health care. As Finland has long been a pioneer in the digitalization of health care, the results of this study show that the functionalities of eHealth will be adopted in stages, and deployment will take time; therefore, national eHealth strategies and legislative changes need to be implemented in a timely manner. The comprehensive sample size used in this study allows a regional comparison in the country, compared with previous country-specific international studies.
Potensi Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum Linn) sebagai Penangkal Radikal Bebas DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-l-pycrylhidrazil radical)
Authors: Widyawati Paini Sri
Published: August 2022

The commercial development of plants as sources of natural antioxidant to enhance health and food preservation is of current interest. It is related to phenolic compounds containing in foods and beverages to prevent many diseases. The natural antioxidant is more safety than the synthetic antioxidant such as TBHQ (tether butylated hydroxyquinone), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole). Basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn) contains a wide range of essential oils and is rich in phenolic compounds. These can be extracted by two methods i.e. soxhlet and hydrodistilation. The ethanolic extracts are resulted by soxhlet and essential oils are extracted by hydrodistilation. The oils are analyzed by gas chromatography to know the phenolic compound contents. The spectra are identified by standard compounds i.e. eugenol and linalool. These compounds are used because these are the dominant phenolic compounds in basil. The result showed that linalool spectrum is found in peak number 7 with 6,5 time retention. Total phenolics analysis showed that the highest concentration of them in the ethanolic extracts is 0,25 mg/g sample and in the essential oil is 5,20 mg/g essential oil. The DPPH (2,2-Dipheny1-1-pycrylhidrazil radical) free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extracts and the essential oil is tested and compared with I3-carotene and TBHQ. The result showed that the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of these antioxidant is in the order of [1-carotene > essential oil > ethanolic extracts > TBHQ respectively
Karakteristik Trypsin Inhibitor dan Penjajagan Sebagai Komponen Makanan Fungsional Penderita Diabetes (IIDM)
Authors: Kanetro Bayu , Noor Zuheid , Sutardi Sutardi , Indrati Retno
Published: August 2022

Trypsin inhibitors (TI) are substances which, when added to a mixture of a trypsin and a subtrate, bind to the enzyme and render it to decrease in the rate of substrate cleavage. These inhibitors are nonglycosylated, water-soluble (albumin) that account for about 0,2-2 % of the total soluble protein of the legume seeds. Two major families of trypsin inhibitors have been described in legumes: the Bowmen-Brix-type (BBI) and the Kunitz-type inhibitors (KTI). They are distinct families of proteins, as evidenced by their molecular weights, compositions, and amino acid sequences. Because of their unique pharmacological properties, these inhibitors hold considerable promise in clinical applications in their field of medicine. At least one inhibitor in soybeans, the BM, has been shown to have clear anticarcinogenic activity in both in vitro and in vivo carcinogenic Trypsin inhbitors (TI) are substances which, when added to a mixture of a trypsin and a substrate, bind to the enzyme and render it to decrease in the rate of substrate cleavage. These inhibitors are nonglycosylated, water-soluble (albumin) that account for about 0,2 â€“2 % of the total soluble protein of the legume seeds. Two major families of trypsin inhibitors have been described in legumes: the Bowmen-Birk-type (BBI) and the Kunitz-type inhibitors (K7'I). They are distinct families of proteins, as evidenced by their molecular weights, compositions, and amino acid sequences. Because of their unique pharmacological assay systems. increasing need and awareness for functional food has motivated food scientists and industries to search functional food components and ingredients for certain target group, including functional food for diabetes. Soy TI may enhance the production of more trypsin and probably insulin as well. The dietary 77evokes pancreatic enzyme secretion by forming inactive trypsinT1 complex. As the level of trypsin goes below a threshold level, the pancreas is induced to produce more enzymes. The mediating agent between the enzymes and the pancreas is cholecystokinin (CCK), which is released from the jejunul endocrine cells when the level of trypsin in the intestine becomes depleted. CCK is intestinal hormone which stimulate insulin secretion. Ti regenerated 13-cells which indicate the beneficial effect of TI on the insulin production of the pancreas. These novel findings provide evidence to support the potential utility of TI in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (11DM/ Insulin-Independent Diabetic Mellitus). However, TI are also known as anti nutrient substances and to cause pancreatic hypertrophy.
Evaluasi Sensoris Odor Bubuk Merica Hitam (Pipernigrum L) selama Penyimpanan dengan Olfaktometer Statik
Authors: Utami Indyah Sulistya , Tranggono Tranggono , Hastuti Pudji
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the study was to enhance objectivity of sensory evaluation by static olfactometry of black pepper powder odor. Five trained assessors evaluate periodically the odor of black pepper powder stored at 50Â°C during 30 days by test tube and static olfactometry.. Individual repeatability of assessors was higher by static olfactometry than by the test tube. The group perfomed better in discriminating odor character changes using static olfactometry than test tube. They were able to detect an unfamiliar odor but unable to describe it as indicated by the low reproducibility. It follows that static olfactometry can be use as a tool to discriminate black pepper powder character odor changes.
Perancangan Pengolahan Sampah Kota Berwawasan Lingkungan Berbasis Teknologi Asap Cair
Authors: Darmadji Purnama
Published: August 2022

Sampah kota merupakan problem regional di daerah tingkat satu maupun tingkat dua yang sangat genius dikarenakan jumlahnya per hari yang sangat besar dan potensiya sebagai pencemar lingkungan yang cukup be rat. Jumlah sampah perhari pada tahun 1981, 1986, 1989 dan 2004 berturut-turut sebesar 700, 1.100, 1.500 dan 3484 M3 per hari. Adapun sampah tersebut berasal dari rumah tangga sebesar 73%, hotel 14, pasar 5% dan 8% berasal dari pusat perbelanjaan, stasion, terminal, rumah sakit, rumah makan, kantor dan lain sebagainya. Penanganan sampah kota sampai saat ini dengan cara komposisasi, serta pembakaran atau incenerator. Kedua cara tersebut sangat berpotensi menghasilkan limbah bau, pencemaran air tanah serta pencemaran udara, sehingga teknologi ini tidak ramah lingkungan. Teknologi asap cair merupakan teknologi pirolisa atau pembakaran tidak sempurna terhadap biomasa sampah mengandung selulosa, hemiselulosa serta lignin yang dalam proses pirolisa akan dikonversi menjadi asap Cain yang komposisinya terdiri dari asam, fenol dan karbonil serta bahan sisa berupa arang dan tan Asap catr dapat dimanfaatkan lebih lanjut sebagai minyak bakar pengganti bahan bakar minyak yang tak terbarukan, Arang dapat juga digunakan sebagai bahan bakar dan arang aktif serta tar dapat digunakan untuk pengawet kayu dan bahan baku lem untuk industri playwood. Industri pengolahan sampah dengan teknologi ini secara keseluruhan akan menghasilkan minyak bakar untuk pembangkit listrik arang dan arang aktif untuk industri pemurnian minyak makan dan air, pengawet kayu ramah lingkungan sebagai pengganti pengawet akayu kimia yang banyak mengandung arsen.
Pengaruh Pemanasan pada Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Beberapa Varietas Ubi Jalar (Ipomea batatas L)
Authors: Santoso Umar , Setyaningsih Ellik , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur
Published: August 2022

The objectives of the study were to examine antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of different varieties of sweet potato and the effect of heating on the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The varieties of sweet potato used were Cilembu, Tambakromo, and Gunung Kawi. After the peel was separated from its flesh, each fraction was dried, grounded and extracted with ethanol. Total phenol was analyzed with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as a standard. Sweet potato ethanolic extracts were made into three concentrations at 100, 150, and 200 ppm in ethanol. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging method. Ethanolic extracts of sweet potato flesh and peel were heated at 100 °C for 20, 30, and 40 minutes to examine the effect of heating on the antioxidant activity. All ethanolic extracts of sweet potato exhibited antioxidant activity. There was no difference in antioxidant activity between ethanolic extracts of Cilembu, Tambakromo and Gunung Kawi varieties. Antioxidant activity of the peel extract was higher than that of the flesh for all varieties. In general, antioxidant activity increased as the concentration of the peel extract increased. Heating at 100 °C for 20 and 30 minutes increased the antioxidant activity of the extract, but decreased after heating for 40 minutes.
Degradasi Biksin Selama Pemanasan dan Pencahayaan
Authors: Pranata Ardiyanto , Raharjo Sri , Santoso Umar , Haryadi Haryadi
Published: August 2022

The kinetics of thermal and light induced degradation of natural bixin in a mixture of ethanol and 2 % acetic acid (80 : 20) was studied as a function of temperatures 80, 98, and 125 OC for 120 minutes. Illumination was carried out either under fluorescent or incandescent lights, both at 4000 lux for 300 minutes. The bixin concentration during heating and illumination was analysed using HPLC. The method to determine the degradation rate constant for the decay of the products from bixin was obtained using a linear regression according to first order reaction.  The results indicated that the degradation rates of bixin at 125 OC were 5.5 and 3.8 times faster than that of 80 OC and 98 OC, respectively. The energy activation of bixin was 9.82 kcal/mol. The photodegradation rate constants of bixin under incandescent or fluorescent illumination was 2.8 x 10-3 and 3.3 x 10-3 minutes-l, respectively.
Perbandingan Karakteristik Kimia Trypsin Inhbibitor Biji dan Kecambah Kedelai
Authors: Kanetro Bayu , Noor Zuheid , Sutardi Sutardi , Indrati Retno
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the changes in trypsin inhibitor (TI) activity, amino acid composition and protein patterns after 36 hours germination of soybeans. TI was extracted by a combination of pH precipitation and centrifugation. TI activity of seeds and germinated soybean were 1.64 and 1.68 IU/mg seeds (db) respectively. Heating of crude TI decreased heat stability of TI. The decrease of TI activity of germinated soybeans due to heating was lower than seeds. The amino acid composition and protein patterns of soybeans changed after 36 hours germination. Thr, Ala, Trp, Met and Lys decreased significantly, while Asp, Glu, Val, Phe, and Ile  increased significantly. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the seeds contain high-molecular weight of proteins which were degraded after 36 hours germination result in smaller molecular weight of proteins.
Model Perpindahan Panas dan Massa selama Penggorengan Buah pada Keadaan Vakum
Authors: Jamalludin Jamalludin , Rahardjo Budi , Hastuti Pudji , Rohmadi Rohmadi
Published: August 2022

Recently, vacuum frying flaky products have been popularly consumed by people as they have spesific characteristics, good taste, crispy, and crunchy. During vacuum frying process, heat and mass transfer simultanously occur. Heat transfer takes place from hot frying oil to the fruit, and water in the fruit comes out. At the same time, the fruit absobes oil. The objective of is this research to develop mathematical model of simultant heat and mass transfer during vacuum fruit frying. Sample of the research is jack fruit vacuumly fried in the temperature of 70-100 oC, duration of 15-60 minutes, and pressure of 13-23 kPa. The model includes changes of water, oil, extract, sukrose, reduction glucosa, and β-karoten content in product. The developed model is based on the one order simultan ordinary differential equation solved by Runge-Kutta numerical method. Simulation result showed that increasing temperature, decreasing water content, and oil absorbtion during the vacuum frying process describe that the developed mathematical model is good enough to explain simultanously heat and mass transfer phenomena during the process of vacuum fruit frying.ABSTRAKSaat ini produk keripik buah hasil proses penggorengan vakum sudah populer dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat, karena produk keripik buah mempunyai sifat yang khas, enak, gurih dan renyah jika dimakan. Selama proses penggorengan buah pada keadaan vakum, perpindahan panas dan massa terjadi secara simultan. Pepindahan panas dari minyak panas ke permukaan kemudian merambat ke dalam buah dan kandungan air di dalam buah keluar ke permukaan, pada saat yang bersamaan buah menyerap minyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model matematik perpindahan panas dan massa secara simultan pada penggorengan buah pada keadaan vakum. Sampel penelitian adalah buah nangka digoreng pada suhu 70-100 oC, lama penggorengan 15-60 menit dan tekanan vakum 13-23 kPa. Model meliputi perubahan kadar air, kadar minyak, kadar pati, kadar sukrosa, kadar gula reduksi dan kadar β-karoten di dalam padatan. Penyusunan model didasarkan pada konsep persamaan diferensial ordiner order satu simultan yang diselesaikan dengan metode numerik Runge-Kutta. Hasil simulasi kenaikan suhu, penurunan kadar air dan penyerapan minyak selama proses penggorengan secara vakum menggambarkan bahwa model matematik yang dikembangkan cukup baik untuk menjelaskan fenomena perpindahan panas dan massa secara simultan selama proses penggorengan buah pada keadaan vakum.
Karakteristik Morfologi, Termal, Fisik-Mekanik, dan Barrier Plastik Biodegradabel Berbahan Baku Komposit Pati Termoplastik-LLDPE/HDPE
Authors: Waryat Waryat , Romli Muhammad , Suryani Ani , Yuliasih Indah , Johan Syah
Published: August 2022

Plastics have been used widely for packaging material. However, plastic wastes can pollute environment because of its persistency to be biodegraded by microorganism. Efforts have been conducted to develop environmental friendly plastic from renewable resources. Problems encountered in the manufacture of biodegradable plastic are poor physical-mechanical properties and incompatibility between hydrophilic/polar and hydrophobic/non-polar materials. The modification of raw materials and use of compatibilizer were applied to improve the compatibility between two material blends. The purpose of this study was to design a process of making biodegradable plastic by modifing the raw material and the use of compatibilizer. This study consisted of three steps, namely preparation of thermoplastic starch, preparation of compatibilizer MA-g-LLDPE/HDPE and manufacturing process of biodegradable plastic. The plastic properties observed included morphological structure, melt flow rate, density, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties. The results showed that increasing thermoplastic starch content decreased melt flow rate, mechanical, oxygen transmition rate properties and increased water vapor transmition rate. The presence of MA-g-LLDPE/HDPE compatibilizer resulted in better physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic.ABSTRAKPlastik sebagai kemasan suatu produk sudah banyak dipakai dan digunakan dalam kurun waktu lama. Namun, limbah plastik tersebut dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan dikarenakan plastik sulit untuk terdegradasi oleh mikroorganisme. Usaha untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap plastik salah satunya adalah penggunaan plastik ramah lingkungan dari bahan baku yang dapat diperbaruhi dengan metode pencampuran/blending. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pembuatan plastik biodegradabel berbahan baku campuran antara bahan alami dan sintetis adalah tidak kompatibel antara kedua bahan tersebut karena bahan alami bersifat hidrofilik/polar dan bahan sintetis bersifat hidrofobik/non polar. Untuk meningkatkan kompatibilitas antara kedua campuran itu perlu ditambahkan bahan seperti compatibilizer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi permukaan plastik, kecepatan alir, densitas, suhu leleh, sifat mekanik, dan barrier pastik biodegradabel berbahan baku campuran pati termoplastik-LLDPE/HDPE. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu pembuatan pati termoplastik, pembuatan compatibilizer LLDPE/HDPE-g-MA dan pembuatan plastik biodegradabel. Karakteristik sifat aliran, kekuatan tarik, perpanjangan putus, dan permeabilitas oksigen plastik biodegradabel berbahan baku pati termoplastik-LLDPE/HDPE cenderung menurun, sedangkan karakteristik permeabilitas terhadap uap air cenderung meningkat dengan semakin meningkatnya kandungan pati termoplastik. Adanya compatibilizer LLDPE/HDPE-g-MA menghasilkan sifat mekanik lebih baik pada plastik biodegradabel.
Pemanfaatan Karaginan dan Gum Arabic Sebagai Edible Film Berbasis Hidrokoloid
Authors: Santoso Budi , Herpandi Herpandi , Pitayati Puspa Ayu , Pambayun Rindit
Published: August 2022

The objective of this research was to study the characteristic of edible film from carrageenan and gum Arabic with different concentration. The experiment was arranged in factorial randomized block design with carrageenan concentration and gum Arabic concentration as the treatment factors and was done in triplicates. The treatments consisted of carrageenan concentration (2%, 2,5%, and 3%) and gum Arabic concentration (0,2%, 0,4%, and 0,6%). The results showed that carrageenan concentration, gum Arabic concentration, and interaction between the two treatments significantly affected (p<5%) the thickness, tensile strength, percentage of elongation, water vapor transmission rate, and water activity. The best edible film characteristics were 0.,050 mm of thickness, 19.61 x 106 N/m2 of tensile strength, 14.095% of percentage of elongation, 7.368 g/m2.24 h of water vapor transmission rate, and 0.3028 of water activity got from interaction between 2% of carrageenan concentration and 0.2% gum Arabic concentration.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperlajari karakteristik edible film yang terbuat dari karagenan dan gum Arabic. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor perlakuan tersebut adalah konsentrasi karagenan (2%, 2,5%, dan 3%) dan konsentrasi gum Arabic (0,2%, 0,4%, dan 0,6%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi karagenan, gum arabik, dan interaksi berpengaruh nyata (p<5%) terhadap ketebalan, kuat tusuk, kuat tarik, persen pemanjangan, laju transmisi uap air, dan aktivitas air. Karakteristik edible film terbaik yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini adalah ketebalan 0,050 mm, kuat tarik 19,61 x 106 N/m2, persen pemanjangan 14,095%, laju transmisi uap air 7,368 g/m2.24 h, dan aktivitas air 0,3028 pada perlakuan 2% karagenan dan 0,2% gum arabik.
Efek pH dan Konsentrasi Butirat Anhidrida selama Butirilisasi Pati Garut
Authors: Damat Damat , Haryadi Haryadi , Marsono Y. , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur
Published: August 2022

Several characteristics of native starch have limited utilizations. Chemical modification improves the physical, chemi- cal, and functional properties of starch and therefore it extends the utilization. The aim of this research was to inves- tigate the effect of the dispersion of pH (8, 10 and 12) and butyrate anhydride concentration (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 %) on the butyrilization process of arrowroot starch.  The modified (butyrated)  starch was analyzed for its butyril group, degree of substitution (DS), swelling power, solubility, amylography, and transmittance. The result indicated that the maximum butyriilation was achieved at pH 10 and addition of 20 % butyrate anhydride. The higher DS resulted in more transparent starch paste, the more stable viscosity and the higher swelling power.ABSTRAKPati garut, sebagaimana jenis pati alami lainnya diketahui memiliki kelemahan sifat fisik dan kimia yang menyebabkan penggunaan pati garut pada industri pangan relatif terbatas. Untuk itu maka perlu dilakukan perbaikan sifat fisik dan kimianya dengan cara melakukan modifikasi pati garut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan pengaruh pH dispersi (8, 10 dan 12) dan konsentrasi butirat anhidrida (5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25 %) pada proses butirilisasi pati garut.   Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pati-garut butirat, yang meli- puti persen butiril, derajat substitusi, daya mengembang, kelarutan, sifat amilografi dan kejernihan pasta pati-garut butirat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa butirilisasi maksimum dicapai pada pH 10 dengan konsentrasi butirat anhidrida 20 %. Pati butirat derajat substitusi yang tinggi memiliki kejernihan pasta, daya mengembang yang lebih tinggi dan viskositas yang lebih stabil, sedangkan kelarutan lebih rendah.
Synthesis, Sunscreen, and Toxicity In Vitro Test of C-Styrylcalix[4]resorcinaryl Octacinnamate and C-Phenylcalix[4]resorcinaryl Dodecacinnamate
Authors: Ngurah Budiana I Gusti Made , Taek Paulus
Published: August 2022

The need for qualified sunscreen materials has increased from year to year. This prompt researchers to find new sunscreen ingredients that have good activity. In this study, new C-styrylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octacinnamate 1 and C-phenylcalix[4]resorcinaryl dodecacinnamate 2 have been synthesized via esterification reaction. The target molecules were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and LC-MS spectrometers. The sunscreen activity was evaluated using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and the cytotoxicity assay was tested on kidney Vero cells using the cell culture method. Compound 1 was obtained as light brown solid in 68% yield with the melting point of 247 °C. Compound 2 was obtained as light yellow solid in 69% yield with melting point of 268°C. The sunscreen test shows that 1 and 2 can absorb UV-B radiation with the SPF values of 67.45 and 70.85, respectively. The cytotoxicity assay shows that the IC50 values of 1, 2, and parasol are 1468.2, 676.1 and 758.7 μg/mL, respectively. Based on the sunscreen activity test and toxicity assay, it can be said that calix[4]resorcinarenes 1 and 2 have potential to be developed as sunscreen ingredients.
Impact of Anode Materials on Electrochemical Degradation of Carbamazepine: A Case Study of Producing the Main By-Product 10,11-Epoxycarbamazepine after Electrochemical Degradation of Carbamazepine
Authors: Mussa Zainab Haider , Al-Qaim Fouad Fadhil
Published: August 2022

Copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), and graphite (G)” have been applied to the electrochemical degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) from its aqueous solution. The optimum results were observed with graphite anode as follows: fully complete removal of CBZ, 0.0758 min−1 rates constant, and 0.59 Wh/mg consumption energy under these conditions: 5 V, 0.5 g NaCl, and a graphite anode. Kinetics was also considered in the present study, in which rate constants ranged between 0.0023 and 0.0886 min−1. It was observed that applied voltage has an effect on consumption energy giving 0.34, 0.59, and 1.08 Wh/mg using 3, 5, and 7 V, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) were used to characterize the organo-metallic precipitates which were formed using Ni and Cu anodes. The main by-product of 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine (EPX-CBZ) was elucidated and monitored using liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry (LC-ToF/MS). Therefore, graphite is suggested to be a promising electrode in which it is exhibited good performance compared to other electrodes in terms of removal and consumption of energy.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Toxicity and Anticancer Activity of a New Azetidinone, Thiazolidinone and Selenazolidinone Derivatives Based on Sulfonamide
Authors: Al-Khazragie Zainab Kadhim , Al-Salami Bushra Kamel , Al-Fartosy ِAdnan Jassim Mohammed
Published: August 2022

A new series of azetidinone (Z2a-Z2e, Z2g), thiazolidinone and selenazolidinone derivatives (Z2B, Z2E, Z2B', Z2E') based on sulfonamide have been synthesized and characterized by different instrumental techniques, such as elemental analyses, FTIR, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C) and mass spectrometry. The tested compound containing selenium (Z2E') was less toxic than its analogs containing sulfur (Z2E) based on the LD50 value determined by Dixon's up and down method. All compounds showed antibacterial properties, however, Z2E' was more active against Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Gram-positive ones: Streptococcus aureus and Bacillus, with the lowest MIC value of 5 mg/mL. All compounds showed good antioxidant activity at a lower rate than the standard compound BHT (82%). More precisely, Z2b was the main compound that possess strong activity as an antioxidant (73%). MTT viability assay showed that all tested compounds had cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells after 72 h of treatment. Our results revealed that Z2E' and Z2E compounds possessed strong activity (IC50 = 24.8 and 90.9 µg/mL, respectively) against MCF-7 cells at a higher rate than the standard compound 5-FU (IC50 = 97.47 µg/mL). Our results indicated that Z2E' had a promising bioactive scaffold of great medicinal interest due to their numerous pharmacological and biological activities.
Traditional Handicraft Village in Thanh Hoa Today
Authors: Buoi MSc. Le Thi
Published: August 2022

Thanh Hoa is a land with a rich history and culture, with many long-standing traditional handicraft villages, which have been lost over time, now gradually been restored and promoted their values ​​in modern life. In the spirit of Decree No. 52 dated April 12, 2018, of the Government on the development of rural industries, Thanh Hoa province has issued many mechanisms and policies to encourage the development of traditional handicrafts. The article focuses on clarifying the system of traditional craft villages in Xu Thanh (The Land of Thanh), the size, characteristics and guidelines, and policies of Thanh Hoa province to maintain and develop handicraft villages to serve the economy - social sustainability.
Unravelling the Distinctive Virulence Traits and Clonal Relationship among the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Diabetic Patients
Authors: Suresh Sarika , Prithvisagar Kattapuni Suresh , Kumar Ballamoole Krishna , Premanath Ramya
Published: August 2022

Infections with P. aeruginosa are three times more common in people with diabetes than in non-diabetic individuals. Investigations disclosing the distinguishing traits of P. aeruginosa strains to cause respiratory and wound infection in diabetics is limited. Wound swab and sputum from infected diabetic patients were used for the isolation of P. aeruginosa. The confirmed isolates were evaluated for their virulence factor production, antibiotic susceptibility, and clonal relationship. The study confirmed the increased virulence of sputum isolates characterized by their multidrug resistant nature, strong biofilm formation at 72h [(p<0.05) =0.003)] and 96h [(p<0.05) =0.002)] and elaboration of proteolytic enzymes (40.0%). Albeit the fact that wound isolates were less virulent than the sputum isolates, there was an increased siderophore production (77.0%). Nearly 90.0% of the isolates including sputum and wound were resistant to colistin. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis showed no distinct lineages of wound and sputum isolates. The study disclosed the higher prevalence of virulent P. aeruginosa in causing infection in the diabetics. No distinct lineages of the wound and sputum isolates indicated their ability to adapt to different host environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show the difference in virulence traits among the P. aeruginosa strains isolated from sputum and wound of diabetic patients. Our study distinctly reveals the significance of periodic examination of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa in order to recognize the possible co-regulatory mechanism involved in their expression.
The Microbial Community in the Abscess Underneath the Skin of Goats
Authors: Cheng Darong , Cheng Cheng , Chen Xiaofang , Zhu Shengmin , Tao Jianping
Published: August 2022

The abscess underneath the skin is a common disease, which seriously affects the quality and yield of goat breeding. The main pathogens that cause abscesses are well understood, but the microbial community yet remains relatively unexplored. To determine the population and diversity of the microorganisms in the abscess underneath the skin of goats, in this work, 5 pus samples randomly collected from different goat farms (Jiangsu Province, China) were subjected to metagenomics sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The test data show that the microbial communities of each sample contain about 79~82 kinds of microorganisms. Interestingly, each sample contained similar microbial species, including 53~59 kinds of bacteria, 5~6 fungi, 3 viruses, and 16~18 parasites. The top 5 dominant bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, Lactococcus garvieae, Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with an average abundance value of 29.88 %, 8.2%, 6.16%, 3.5%, and 3.26%, respectively. The remaining microbial abundances ranged from 0.01% to 3%. Although each of these frequent microorganisms is a tiny part of the total community, they constitute a major portion of individual reads (~1/2). In the conclusion, Staphylococcus aureus is the most dominant but nonunique bacterium responsible for the abscess underneath the skin of the goat, and the microbial community in the subcutaneous abscess is highly diverse. Bacterial coinfection should play an important role.
Chronic Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Korke Vijay Kumar , Chowdhary Vaibhav , Keri Sagar M , Patil Pallavi , Nandyal Dr Suvarna
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Technological advancement, including machine learning, has a significant impact on health by allowing for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of various chronic diseases. Accurate prediction is critical in the biomedical and healthcare communities for determining the risk of disease in patients. The only way to overcome chronic disease mortality is to predict it earlier so that disease prevention can be implemented. Such a model is a Patient's requirement for which Machine Learning is highly recommended. However, a doctor finds it difficult to make an exact forecast based just on symptoms. The most challenging task is making an accurate diagnosis of a disease. Data mining is crucial in helping to predict the sickness and solve this issue. Based on a dataset for chronic diseases from the UCI machine learning data warehouse, this study assesses chronic diseases using machine learning techniques. In order to create accurate prediction models for various chronic diseases using data mining approaches, we employ datasets for heart disease, kidney disease, cancer disease, and diabetes disease. To increase accuracy and shorten training time, the dataset's most pertinent features are chosen. The system evaluates the user's symptoms as input and outputs the likelihood that the disease will occur. The implementation of Logistic Regression is used to predict disease. Prediction of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and kidney disease using logistic regression, random forest, and decision trees are performed. Different models, methodologies, and algorithms are utilized to forecast and analyses each chronic disease. The study includes a conceptual model that includes the prediction of the majority of chronic diseases.
Crop Yield Prediction Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Malviya Akash , Solanki Prof. Dilip Singh
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Agriculture is undergoing a metamorphosis due to several environmantal and scoal factors. Due to challenges such as global warming, intermittent rainfall patterns and eroding nutrient values of soil, crop yileds have become more upredictable in the last decade. This has resulted in famines, armer suicides and deaths due to hunger. Thus, one of the key objectives of the world health organization is to provide food security globally and also help the agriculture community as a whole whith special emhpasis on low income group countries. This has made crop yield forecasting extremely important. As the crop yield depends on several factors which are highly uncorrelated in nature, hence machine learing based appraoches have been employed for the purpose. In this paper a deep neural network approach has been proposed along with the discrete wavelet transfrom to forecast crop yields. The wavelet transform has been used as a filtering techniques to remove local disturbances from the data, and deep neural networks have been used for pattern recognition and forecasting. The evaluation of the proposed system has been evaluated in terms of the mean absolute percentage error, accuracy and regression. It has been found that the proposed work outperforms existing baseline techniques in terms of the accuracy of forecasting.
Peran Greenpeace Dalam Mengatasi Illegal Logging di Indonesia
Authors: Rerung Ovalda Mega
Published: August 2022

Isu lingkungan akibat aktivitas illegal logging merupakan salah satu isu yang perlu untuk diatasi di sektor kehutanan Indonesia. Kondisi hutan Indonesia yang terus berkurang akibat illegal logging pun mendorong peningkatan partisipasi organisasi non pemerintah (NGO) seperti Greenpeace. Penelitian ini selanjutnya berupaya untuk mengidentifikasi peran Greenpeace dalam mengatasi permasalahan kerusakan hutan di Indonesia pada tahun 2013-2015. Untuk menganalisis topik penelitian, digunakan teori Organisasi Non Pemerintah, pendekatan Struktural Fungsional, dan Strategi NGO Lingkungan. Di samping itu, digunakan pula data sekunder yang bersumber dari studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Greenpeace berperan dalam mengendalikan isu kerusakan hutan di Indonesia melalui lima cara, yaitu pelaksanaan kampanye anti kerusakan hutan, menerapkan politik informasi, mengedukasi masyarakat umum, advokasi dengan pemerintah, dan kerja sama dengan NGO lingkungan lain.
Contribuições do Pibid Uesb para a formação do professor de matemática
Authors: Costa Leia Barbosa , Freire Inês Angélica Andrade , Gonçalves Maria de Cássia Passos Brandão
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada com professores iniciantes de matemática, ex-bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (Uesb), campus de Jequié, que teve como objetivo compreender as ações do Pibid Uesb e suas contribuições para a formação inicial de professores de matemática, em efetivo exercício da docência, a partir das seguintes questões de pesquisa: Quais as contribuições do subprojeto de matemática Pibid Uesb para a formação de professores de matemática? Como os professores de matemática, ex-bolsistas de iniciação à docência, avaliam as oportunidades de aprendizagem no contexto do subprojeto de matemática para o exercício de sua profissão? A metodologia adotada foi de natureza qualitativa, utilizando como dispositivos de pesquisa a análise documental e a entrevista semiestruturada. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado com base na análise de conteúdos. Os resultados revelam que as ações desenvolvidas na Microrrede Ensino-Aprendizagem-Formação juntamente com o subprojeto de matemática contribuíram para a (re)significação de crenças, concepções e práticas dos professores iniciantes de matemática, ao oportunizarem a vivência no ambiente escolar, integrando ensino e pesquisa, e desenvolvendo um trabalho conjunto entre todos os integrantes do Pibid Uesb.
Tensões e resistências: análise da abordagem de corpo, gênero e sexualidade nas aulas de ciências
Authors: Batista Iorana Raiane Costa , Silva Valdecy Margarida da
Published: August 2022

As relações de gênero e diversidades sexuais sempre fizeram parte das práticas e discursos no contexto escolar, mesmo silenciadas nesses espaços. Devido a urgência emergida acerca dessa temática, nos propusemos analisar os atravessamentos entre a abordagem de gênero, corpo e sexualidade e o ensino de Ciências, identificando quais tipos de discursos são propagados pelos/as professores/as. O presente estudo é resultado de um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, de caráter exploratório e qualitativo, desenvolvido com sete professores/as de Ciências da rede pública e privada da cidade de Campina Grande - PB, do período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2022, por meio de um questionário online. A pesquisa está fundamentada em estudos pós-estruturais. Identificamos que se repercute uma abordagem biologicista nas salas de aula referentes as temáticas de sexualidade e gênero, tendo como principais desafios questões de preconceito, de cunho polêmico ou constrangedor. Concluímos que não só o exercício docente, mas também os cursos de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, necessitam considerar as dimensões históricas, sociais e culturais da sexualidade e relações de gênero, renovando-se e transformando-se.