bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LIMITATION: THE IMPACT OF THE 1986 LATENT DAMAGE ACT
Authors: Hatfield Boodle
Published: February 2008

This article aims to provide both a broad introduction to the law regarding ‘limitation’ and in particular to assess the impact of The Latent Damage Act 1986. Limitation is, broadly speaking, the area of law concerned with the time limits imposed upon those wishing to bring a legal action. The Act was passed to remedy certain injustices that occurred in situations where damage suffered was not immediately apparent or identifiable: in other words, where the damage that occurred was ‘latent’ and not ‘patent’. Before the Act came into force a plaintiff could have rights of action against a negligent builder, contractor or adviser, before he even knew of these rights. Equally, there was uncertainty as to the period for which a defendant could be held liable for negligence.
NEOCON 21: PERSONAL CONTROLS AND WOOD DOMINATE
Authors: Kleeman Walt
Published: February 2008

The Merchandise Mart was crowded and regular elevator service was slow as usual as more than 55 000 people attended NEOCON 21 in Chicago.
BRIEFING FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS PART 1: UNDERSTANDING POWER SUPPLY
Authors: Dukes Bernard
Published: February 2008

This pair of articles will examine the decision making process in establishing the brief for the electrical installation for an electronic office. In my own working lifetime the office electrical installation has changed from a tungsten lamp in an opal glass bowl in the centre of the room and a two or five or occasionally 15 amp power point, to the single most expensive item in equipping an office building intelligently.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND THE OFFICE OF THE FUTURE
Authors: Southwood W.A.
Published: February 2008

Superconductivity has been around for most of this century. In 1911 Kamerlingh Onnes, a Dutch physicist, discovered that the resistance of mercury to electric current dropped effectively to zero at 4° Kelvin. This extremely low temperature — 452°F below zero — was able to be achieved by his production, three years earlier, of liquid helium.
SUCCESSFUL STAFF CONSULTATIONS
Authors: Leaman Adrian
Published: February 2008

The workforce of a large British company — surviving at the time on government subsidy (it was the mid‐1970s) — was being consulted over the design of a new warehouse. The session had started badly. The staff wanted to talk about inefficiencies in the new computerised system of ordering which — as it was pointed out to them — was beyond the remit of the consultation as it involved operations, not the building. The architect, on the other hand, was anxious to hear their views on whether the hot and cold taps in the washroom should be separate or mixed — a matter which aroused not a flicker of interest. The message was clear: management did not want the staff to interfere with how the warehouse worked and the architect did not want them to interfere with how it was designed. Nothing much came of the exercise and soon traditional hostilities were resumed.
CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS DIRECTIVE
Authors: Hatfield Boodle
Published: February 2008

The Construction Products Directive of 21 December 1988 — on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states relating to construction products — provides for free trade in construction products throughout the European Economic Community. Implementation must be achieved by 27 June 1991. The directive has been made under a 1985 resolution of the Council of Ministers on the New Approach to Technical Harmonisation and Standards (‘the new approach’) which allows directives concerning harmonisation of product standards to be issued on a majority vote.
ADAPTABLE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Authors: Dukes Bernard
Published: February 2008

Table 1 represents a preliminary summary of the installed electrical load for a building. Such figures could well be found in a building with a reasonably high technology usage and a size of about 100 000 sq ft net usable space. It has been assumed that the occupancy rate would be 1:120 sq ft but the design could be in accordance with such other formulae that the brief indicated. Other loads would have been obtained by discussion with the important players such as the dataprocessing (DP) manager or director of technology. The loads would have been projected over the time‐scale that was the basis of the company's current planning programme.
LISTED BUILDINGS — PROBLEMS FOR THE COMMERCIAL USER
Authors: Slater Lucy
Published: February 2008

Generally, a building may be listed if it is considered to be of special architectural and/or historic interest. This means that it is included in a list of like buildings prepared by the secretary of state for the environment. Listing is not carried out by local government.
RAISED ACCESS FLOORS ROLLING LOADS: DO THEY CONSTITUTE A PROBLEM?
Authors: Hodgkinson Robert
Published: February 2008

If facilities managers are to have an impact on the performance of buildings it is vitally important that they appreciate the links between day‐to‐day use of a building component or element and its durability. Facilities managers play an important role in providing a body of expertise and feedback to design professionals who frequently only have a limited association with the building in use. This article examines the impact of dynamic loads on raised access floors located in general office areas. In particular it highlights and discusses rolling loads, an area surrounded by controversy.
REPAIRS AND DILAPIDATIONS — THE TENANT'S VIEW
Authors: Hindle Andrew
Published: February 2008

For the manager of business premises, the need to keep them in good repair is one of the principal and most expensive responsibilities. Not only does it involve satisfying the demands of the occupants of the building, but in the majority of cases it involves satisfying the requirements of the landlord as well. The lease of most business premises impose on the tenant an obligation to keep at least the interior in repair; for those who occupy the whole of a building the obligation in many cases extends to the outside as well. An attempt by the landlord to enforce what he sees as his rights under a tenant's covenant to repair will almost always involve the tenant in some expense and a degree of confusion. The purpose of this article is to attempt to shed a little light on this complex area of the law.
LIFE‐CYCLE COSTING FOR LIFTS
Authors: Honey Gerald
Published: February 2008

Twenty‐five years ago lift installations were almost invariably serviced by the manufacturing company that installed them and although, as is always the case, comprised a mixture of electro‐mechanical as well as electrical components, the electrical systems were relatively straightforward and within the scope of the servicing engineer.
Lethargy
Authors: Leaman Adrian
Published: February 2008

During a survey of a single sick building carried out in the summer of 1988 respondents were asked to fill in a diary of their symptoms on a day‐to‐day basis. Here are some of the results for the lethargy symptom. Nine other symptoms were also included in the study.
CHURN RATES
Authors: Leaman Adrian
Published: February 2008

Here are rates of churn — the number of times people move between work areas — in a survey of six office buildings carried out in 1988. The graph shows both the percentage number of staff who moved desks (shaded) and the number who moved between buildings in the 12‐month period prior to the survey.
Depth of Space and Windows
Authors: Leaman Adrian
Published: February 2008

Office staff were asked whether or not they sit next to a window. Then the depth of space of the building was measured from glass to glass, or from glass to building core.
A Checklist for Improving Service Delivery
Authors: Leaman Adrian
Published: February 2008

Service delivery and customer awareness are the watchwords of modern management. Optimizing these is never easy. Practising building managers may perhaps benefit from a reminder of the way in which one of the most respected management theorists summarizes the nature of management. I have therefore modified the above list from Drucker to illustrate how generic management roles can provide a template for facilities managers to develop high quality service delivery.
Response Times
Authors: Leaman Adrian
Published: February 2008

Providing people with sufficient control over their local environment is now acknowledged to be an important part of office design. Good control design is related to response times: the better the controls, the faster the benefits for the occupants. Fast response can also be achieved through excellent management, so deficiencies in the controls environment can sometimes be compensated for by management skills.
Complexity in Buildings
Authors: Leaman Adrian
Published: February 2008

This table comes from a study of energy efficiency and occupant comfort in office buildings. We were examining how the building's control environment relates to the services systems and occupancy and behaviour patterns.
Quality and Efficiency in Educational Building
Authors: Leaman Adrian
Published: February 2008

Many organizations in higher education are now having to cope with rapidly increasing student numbers, but only have a finite supply of accomodation to meet the new demand. Often their resources for maintenance and facilities management are decreasing as a proportion of their total budgets. Although space utlization and occupancy levels may appear low (rooms may often be empty or half‐full), these use levels are often dictated by invisible factors such as bottlenecks in timetabling.
Accommodation Planning Definitions
Authors: Leaman Adrian
Published: February 2008

This table shows similarities and differences between definitions used for space planning in office and educational buildings. Common features are the areas used for mechanical plant and services, lifts, ducts, structure and WCs called core in offices and balance areas in educational buildings, and areas used for circulation called primary circulation in offices, to distinguish them from areas around desks, called secondary circulation.
Portfolio management and renegotiation of lease terms
Authors: Jarvis BSc ARICS Paul
Published: February 2008

Since the early 1960s institutional investment in property, both direct and indirect, has increased from several hundred million pounds to over £2,200m in 1981. The consistently good performance of prime property, which has generally outpaced inflation and most other forms of investment, and its limited supply and resilience in recession has maintained properties' position a major investment outlet for the institutions (accounting for some 16.7 per cent of new money accruing in 1981). The substantial sums which have been invested over the last two decades have resulted in the creation of huge portfolios. With long‐term double figure inflation and the increased accountability of fund managers and their advisors a greater emphasis has been placed on active management of the existing portfolio. No longer is it acceptable to assume that a portfolio is correctly managed if there are no arrears of rent and all the tenants' covenants are complied with.
Interpretation of tenants' accounts
Authors: Milnes G.A.
Published: February 2008

For the property owner, the insolvency of a tenant brings the problems of finding a replacement and of recovery of arrears of rent, insurance and other unpaid charges and of ensuring that dilapidations are cleared. Landlords have certain powers to protect themselves in the event of defaulting tenants but such powers may be eroded in the event of the tenant's insolvency. And what of the next tenant to whom the existing lease is assigned or a new lease granted — is this tenant any more financially stable?
Rates and the Property Manager — Part I
Authors: Bassett FRICS PPRVA J.C.
Published: February 2008

It is essential to any understanding of rates and the problem they pose to appreciate the essential nature of the tax. It is first of all a local tax and as such is the main independent source of income for our democratically elected local authorities. It is not, as some people seem to assume, a direct payment for services, but is essentially a way of distributing between the more permanent community within a local authority area a share of the communal costs of providing local government services. It is thus essentially a tax on occupiers using as its yardstick the annual value of the property they respectively occupy. It operates on the philosophy that land and property being immovable (and owners and occupiers not) the annual or rental value of the properties within an area is the most convenient common yardstick by which ability to contribute to the common local purse can be assessed.
Energy audits
Authors: Banyard ARICS Colin R.
Published: February 2008

There has been much said, written and published about the pressing need for energy conservation. Indeed it is a subject which has received considerable support and attention from the property industry in general. There is an anticipated short‐fall or energy gap, expected at the end of this century and quite naturally the Government are putting in a considerable effort into encouraging the nation to use energy more effectively.
Problems with mixed user lettings
Authors: Freedman Philip
Published: February 2008

A recent case in the House of Lords under the Leasehold Reform Act 1967 has drawn attention to one particular problem that may be faced by landlords who have let under a single lease premises which are partly residential and partly for business use. The purpose of this article is to consider briefly that particular problem together with other difficulties that arise under that type of letting.
Property management computer systems — what is available?
Authors: Kock Egmont
Published: February 2008

Readers of the previous article in this series may have been surprised at the wide range of system costs mentioned — under £10,000 for a microcomputer to more than £100,000 for a multi‐terminal mainframe system. This is inevitable in a fragmented market which spans high street estate agents to multi‐national property giants. Given this diversity, the ‘best value for money’ package is not so obvious. Property managers do have different expectations and assign different priorities to facilities offered. There is therefore no perfect solution to what is initially an administrative practice, covering the collection of rent, rent reviews, the calculation of service charges, maintenance work, credit control and reporting to clients. Processing requirements also vary considerably depending on the size of the portfolio and the level of sophistication desired. In the final analysis it is a matter of achieving the right balance between requirements and cost.
Interim schedules of dilapidation — how effective are they?
Authors: Debere David
Published: February 2008

Almost every landlord will know from his own experience how difficult it can be to recover damages for breach of the repairing covenants contained in a lease at the end of the term of the lease. This is not simply because the tenant may disappear without trace or have insufficient assets with which to meet his landlord's claim. These may be practical considerations but in the legal sense the problem frequently arises because of the difficulty in quantifying the claim as s. 18 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1927 provides that a landlord's damages shall not exceed the diminution in the value of his reversion. That being so, it is clearly more difficult for a landlord to pursue a claim for damages during the currency of the lease at a time when his reversion may not fall in for a number of years. However, a claim for damages is only one of the remedies available to a landlord during the currency of a lease as he may wish to forfeit the lease and commence proceedings for possession. How, then, does he set about enforcing his remedies and what obstacles are in his way?
Business premises — obtaining possession for redevelopment
Authors: Freedman Philip
Published: February 2008

The continuing lack of vacant sites for development in prime city areas has meant that property owners are looking increasingly at their existing property stocks with a view to redevelopment or refurbishment. The purpose of this article is to examine in some detail the forward planning needed, and the obstacles that have to be overcome, by property owners wishing to obtain possession from tenants protected by the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 Part II, so that such schemes can be carried out. Distinction will be drawn between major redevelopment involving total demolition or very substantial reconstruction of existing buildings, and less comprehensive schemes such as internal refurbishments. The 1954 Act effectively distinguishes between these two types of redevelopment and this can give rise to a number of problems for property owners.
Property management in a local authority
Authors: Roberts ARICS Barry
Published: February 2008

Perhaps the first question this title raises is why local authorities should concern themselves with property management at all, with the exception of such specialised activities as the management of council houses. Certainly the question was asked during the 1960s when relatively few authorities boasted an estates department. Although these multiplied during the 1970s it might be thought that with the current pressure to cut back on local authority services, the question was again pertinent.
Capital allowances on plant and machinery in buildings
Authors: Maas FCA ATII Robert
Published: February 2008

So much has been written in recent years about industrial buildings allowance that it would be a rare thing if anyone involved in property overlooked them. It is less widely realised, however, that a significant part of the expenditure on most modern buildings, both industrial and commercial, qualifies for capital allowances on plant and machinery. 1982 saw two important decisions of the House of Lords — Cole Brothers Ltd v Phillips and CIR v Scottish & Newcastle Breweries Ltd — in which the scope of what is included in the term ‘plant’ was reviewed (reports of these cases appear in this issue) and these and other interpretations by the courts will be considered here.
England v America The FRI Lease: an alternative
Authors: McLeod G.R.
Published: February 2008

The purpose of this article is to compare the effectiveness of arrangements in the United Kingdom for ensuring the long‐term value of commercial property investments with the results achieved by methods employed in the United States. Perhaps the traditional methods for protecting real estate investments in England need to be improved to avoid the effects of depreciation.
When rent should not be accepted
Authors: Freedman Philip
Published: February 2008

Demanding or accepting rent under the wrong circumstances can give rise to numerous problems. It may amount to the creation of a new tenancy, an affirmation that an old tenancy is being extended, or a waiver of a right of forfeiture due to breaches of covenant. It may also involve rent reviews and lease renewals.
Management quality 2001‐style
Authors: Redhead Peter
Published: February 2008

Aztec West is making the term ‘industrial estate’ out of date. It is one of the largest commercial/industrial projects currently under way in Europe and Britain's first major private enterprise development aimed at the high technology growth area of the next millenium.
Aspects of Scottish property law — 1 Land Tenure
Authors: McFarlane T.
Published: February 2008

It is frequently assumed — if any thought is given to the matter — that the rules of English law apply throughout Great Britain with only minor variations so far as Scotland and Northern Ireland are concerned. Such an assumption, at least so far as Scotland is concerned, while understandable, is nonetheless incorrect; and it is one of which, I dare say, many an English property manager has been more or less rudely disabused depending on the degree of nationalistic pride felt by his company's Scottish solicitor.
Can furnished lettings constitute a trade for tax purposes?
Authors: Maas Robert
Published: February 2008

The decision of Warner J last December in the twin tax cases of Griffiths v Jackson and Griffiths re Pearman has given rise to much confusion and not a little consternation, particularly coming so soon after that of Gittos v Barclay a few months earlier. All of these cases are concerned with the perennial question of whether furnished lettings can constitute a trade for tax purposes.
The Right to Buy provision reconsidered
Authors: Richards Stephen
Published: February 2008

The Housing Act 1980 brought into legislative focus an aspect of the housing market which had for many years occupied a minor and relatively uncontroversial place in the activities of public housing authorities. The sale of council dwellings to sitting tenants had been carried out by many authorities long before discussion of a Tenants' Charter, but it had remained on a small scale. Not until the inflationary spiral of the early 1970s did it become widely apparent that there were potential investment benefits, and opportunities for making political capital, from the promotion of the idea. When such sales became a basic tenet of Conservative Party policy prior to the 1979 election, the projected scale of activity, which proposed legislation and its public debate made possible, resulted in sides being taken. Whether you were for or against, an implication of party political loyalties was often associated with your choice, and it was foreseen by many that, for better or for worse, this development would result in a large‐scale erosion of public sector housing.
Property indices and the interpretation of property investment performance
Authors: Patrick Michael
Published: February 2008

In an increasingly competitive world the practice of comparing achievement in any particular area of activity with some norm or yardstick has become increasingly widespread. Comparison with a norm, or with what others are achieving, in itself often provides the driving force for improvements in the way that an activity is conducted.
Aspects of technological change and its impact on demand for industrial accommodation
Authors: Henneberry John
Published: February 2008

Do science parks and high‐technology industrial estates have anything other than a semantic link with the process of technological change in industry? The paper considers this question by examining some aspects of technological change and comparing them with the initial results of a survey of British science parks and high‐technology developments.
Influences on office development in Belfast
Authors: Adair Alastair
Published: February 2008

Introduction Belfast in the 1970s became synonymous with terrorism, violence and civil disturbance. Yet, as the capital of Northern Ireland, it is the regional centre for shopping and office development. The city centre has traditionally been the focus of the capital's commercial and administrative activities. Yet recent office developments in suburban locations have begun to challenge this focus.
The nature of investment problems in energy conservation
Authors: Jackson Bruce
Published: February 2008

Synopsis This paper reviews the nature of investment problems in energy conservation and presents two broad propositions:
Cleaning services: how to make the most of a bargain
Authors: Kemp Chris
Published: February 2008

Old timers in the contract cleaning industry have traditionally told commercial building owners that they are likely to spend, each year, an amount equivalent to around one‐twentieth of their construction costs on cleaning. If this was ever true, it is no more; if it was an analogy to boost the importance of what is generally a non‐considered industry, it was a perverse misrepresentation. In fact, contractors can today clean most new office buildings for an annual charge of no more than half of one per cent of the capital cost. Contracted‐out cleaning is one of the great unrecognised bargains of commercial life in the UK today.
Managing the corporate estate of Leicester City Council
Authors: Roberts Barry
Published: February 2008

Introduction Many local authorities hold some ‘corporate land’ — that is land held other than for the purposes of carrying out the statutory functions of the authority. Such land is often part of a corporate heritage, dated in some cases from the days of Elizabeth I. More recently, it may have been augmented by land bought ‘for the benefit, improvement or development of the area’, under s. 120 of the Local Government Act, 1972, or similar provisions in earlier acts.
Positive property management — a new prospectus (part 2)
Authors: Arnison C.J.
Published: February 2008

I suggested in the first part of this paper that the key issue which has inhibited property managers from functioning in a positive and creative way is their traditional role as agent for the landlord. It will be helpful to examine the form and extent of the inhibitions deriving from such a relationship before considering what changes are desirable.
An introduction to insurances in property management
Authors: Graham Williams V.
Published: February 2008

What should be insured, what can be insured, how best to insure it are things which are forever changing. ‘What if’ situations are limitless so I shall be concerned here only with insurance against damage to property and ignore consequential loss, liabilities, construction risks, obligations under leases and other aspects.
Opportunities for changes of use or renewal of buildings
Authors: Faulkner ARICS FBIM Anthony J.
Published: February 2008

Quietly, almost unnoticed, technological progress is having a significant effect on the property market. Buildings, constructed with a specific purpose in mind, and with an anticipated life of at least 60–100 years, are becoming redundant relatively early in their life. The results for property owners can be devastating; as assets, which have been regarded as good long term investments become almost valueless empty hulks.
British and American Science Parks: a comparison
Authors: Henneberry J.M.
Published: February 2008

Introduction Science parks were first developed in the USA in the 1950s, 20 years before such schemes were proposed in Britain. To what extent can American experience of science park development act as a pointer to the likely performance of British schemes? The paper considers this question by describing science park surveys undertaken in the two countries and comparing the results.
Positive Property Management — a new prospectus (concluded)
Authors: Arnison Chris
Published: February 2008

In the two previous parts of this paper it has been stated that ‘conventional’ property management is passive, inflexible and uneconomic. In general terms I have suggested that if property managers were to redefine their relationships with both lessors and lessees and to re‐allocate the activities necessary for efficient use of property, everyone would benefit.
Energy management services
Authors: Tinson R.
Published: February 2008

For 25 years following the Second World War, the western world prospered on cheap energy. The end had to come and it was triggered by the Yom Kippu War of 1973. Ever since, a process of readjustment has been taking place, often with dramatic consequences. For industry and private users, brought up to consider energy as a minor percentage of total outgoings, the world changed in 1973.
Apportionment of the service charge in shopping centres
Authors: Cotmore William
Published: February 2008

Introduction The advent of the shopping centre created the need to develop more sophisticated techniques in order to apportion the service charge invariably reserved under the lease. Unlike the occupants of residential flats or office suites, individual retailers do not necessarily derive equal benefit from the services provided. For example, a jeweller's shop will derive more benefit from the security measures, than a green‐grocer's, whilst insurance apportionments are clouded by the inter‐effect of the use of one unit of accommodation upon another.1 Another complicating factor is that whilst it is the retailers that cover the cost of the services, many of the services are provided for the benefit of their customers.
Private sheltered housing — the market
Authors: Bannister Nigel
Published: February 2008

Much has been written about the boom in sheltered housing for sale to the elderly, and housebuilders are becoming increasingly aware of the potential of this market. Studies by learned groups have put the annual demand for sheltered units at approximately 20,000 with an estimated maximum potential of some 250,000 to 400,000.
Saving energy in buildings
Authors: Reeve A.W.A. , Hofmann W.M. , Bachofner W.
Published: February 2008

In recent years, many different claims have been made about reducing the cost of running an office building by installing some proprietary energy‐saving system or another. Yet, even where these claims have been advanced in good faith, they have usually been based solely upon theoretical calculations. Very rarely have they been based upon practical measurements of alternative systems in a full‐scale model which would satisfy the very demanding standards of a truly scientific experiment. Therefore the results drawn from Sulzer Brother's experimental building in Winter‐thur, Switzerland, are of particular importance to anyone concerned with building design and property management. For, one of the objects of constructing this building was to test in a real life example whether energy could be saved by integrating the design of the building with its services in a particular manner. Also, it was to provide a practical model in which alternative methods could be measured and evaluated.
A guide to keeping buildings dry and timbers sound
Authors: Howson David
Published: February 2008

Attempts to maintain the inside of a building in good condition are often thwarted by dampness problems, which can cause unpleasant staining of decorations and a dank, unhealthy atmosphere. This may further result in extensive damage particularly to timberwork, as wet or dry rot attacks appear.
The Rights of Local Authority Tenants to Buy their Home
Authors: Mollart R.
Published: February 2008

The passing of the Housing and Building Control Act 1984 amended the ‘right to buy’ provisions for many public sector tenants. This article takes a brief look at the background to this legislation and then summarises the major provisions currently on the statute book.
Legal Liabilities and the Impact of the Building Act 1984
Authors: Ross M.
Published: February 2008

The scheme of private certification of building work envisaged by ss. 39–57 of the Housing and Building Control Act 1984 has now been transferred with other provisions to the Building Act 1984, which received the Royal Assent in October 1984. This article identifies the main areas of legal controversy which the Act will encounter. Some issues, such as the final version of insurance schemes., still await resolution and will not be dealt with in detail here. The position of councils and private inspectors/certifiers will largely be shaped by existing case‐law on local authority liability. One key factor upon which the 1984 Act is silent is the question of the limitation periods within which plaintiffs must bring their legal actions. This has been the subject of a recent official report, and it is likely that any definitive enactment regarding private certification will have to incorporate those proposals. The discussion below concentrates upon three aspects of legal liability: the rapid changes in the scope of the duty of care imposed upon local authorities in recent years; the standard of care expected of participants in building control; and the starting date for the running of limitation periods in negligence.
The UK Property Market and the Design of Office Buildings
Authors: McIntosh A.P.J.
Published: February 2008

The purpose of this paper is to examine some aspects of the office property investment market in the UK with an emphasis on building design and the management implications.
The Trustee's Role in Service Management
Authors: Tonkin C.B.
Published: February 2008

Innovations in housing which depart radically from existing norms may well leave behind them a wake of confusion.
Throwing light on the sun
Authors: Anstey John
Published: February 2008

How should we decide how much sunlight ought to be enjoyed by existing properties when considering prospective developments? I fear that all too many local authority planning officers are going to stick their arms in the air and yell ‘Please teacher, I know that one. Three hours on 1st March because that's the DoE guideline.’ That is not the answer. In the first place it is not the answer to the question, which was ‘How should we decide?’, but in the second place it is not even the correct answer to the question they will have incorrectly asked themselves, which is ‘How much sunlight should remain to residential buildings after development has taken place on neighbouring sites?’
Duties of commercial property managing agents
Authors: Dant M.J. , Lavers A.P.
Published: February 2008

The origin of the General Practice Surveyor can be traced directly to the needs of landowners from medieval times to have their real estate holdings properly managed. With the Industrial Revolution and the increasing complexity of legislation affecting landed property, and diversification of the ownership of land and interests in land, the role of the Management Surveyor has become increasingly more important and complex.
Shop property‐a dynamic market
Authors: Evans Peter , Plumb Craig
Published: February 2008

‘Retailing, one of the most important sectors of the economy, has undergone a massive transformation over the past 10 years. Changing patterns of lifestyle and consumer demands, the impact of technology and the influence of economic conditions have all combined to bring about a number of fundamental changes in the patterns of retailing, the size, format and locations of stores.’
Remedying industrial building obsolescence: The options
Authors: Williams BSc(Hons Anna
Published: February 2008

Urban renewal is proclaimed one of the foremost priorities of the present Government. As such it constitutes an important part of the overall programme of economic regeneration, since it provides the physical matrix within which this is to take place.
Ventilation and air pollution in buildings
Authors: Burberry MSc Dip Arch RIBA FCIOB Peter
Published: February 2008

Pure air to breathe is a fundamental human need. The critical aspect is not oxygen content, which is hardly ever inadequate in buildings, but the presence in the air of various substances which affect health. The adverse effects of some pollution were recognised in antiquity and in classical times many buildings enjoyed excellent ventilation.
Tenanted refurbishment: The community way
Authors: Wallace P.
Published: February 2008

Rehabilitating local authority housing estates is always a complicated business. Which ever way it is carried out it is inherently difficult and often stressful because it involves people's hearths and homes. That major human factor — rather than the fact that it is complicated — needs to be the primary basis for making decisions about rehabilitation.
‘Practical Property Problems 1986’
Authors: Beaman FRICS Michael
Published: February 2008

A wide range of topics was discussed at a recent seminar for clients organised by Chartered Surveyors Gerald Eve & Co under the title ‘Practical Property Problems 1986’. Three of the papers are reproduced here. The first looks at the investment market, the other two considering in detail the problems arising at review and on renewal. Whilst believing the information given to be correct, the firm wishes to disclaim any responsibility for its accuracy.
‘Practical Property Problems 1986’
Authors: Haddock BSc FRICS P.W.
Published: February 2008

The steady stream of cases on landlord and tenant matters has continued unabated during 1985 and the early part of this year. Amost every week, reports on decisions of the High Court and the Court of Appeal appear in property journals. Decisions often seem to conflict with one another and it is becoming increasingly difficult to keep up to date. Advisers to clients — both landlords and tenants — are constantly seeking fresh nuances of which to take advantage.
‘Practical Property Problems 1986’
Authors: Ovenden MA ARICS R.G.
Published: February 2008

The occasion of the expiry of a lease is an important time. It brings to an end a lease which may have run for 10, 20 or many more years and it provides a mutual opportunity for landlord and tenant to concentrate their minds on the appropriate action to take. I propose to limit my comments to business tenancies.
Housing clearance and redevelopment: A research agenda
Authors: Brindley Tim , Stoker Gerry
Published: February 2008

It is now widely recognised that gradual renewal policies have failed to keep pace with the deterioration of the older housing stock. Commentators and critics are now calling for an increase in clearance and redevelopment. A policy debate is developing around a range of technical, resource, social and political issues. While it is generally agreed that a return to the slum clearance programmes of the 1960s would be unacceptable the future direction of clearance policies is unsettled. The paper considers three broad approaches to clearance which reflect divergent assumptions and political positions.
Marketing and the estate agent — 1
Authors: Gilligan Colin
Published: February 2008

In the first of two papers, Colin Gilligan examines the nature and implications of the changes currently affecting residential estate agency. In the second, which will appear in the next issue of Property Management, he will explore the various marketing strategies open to firms.
Refurbishment feasibility
Authors: Finn FRICS ACIArb Michael D.
Published: February 2008

Asset management Asset Management is a term which has become ‘common use’ in the financial sector, largely due to the growing body of individuals known as Fund Managers whose job it is to place and move investments to best advantage.
An introduction to industrial property in Northern Ireland
Authors: Caldwell John
Published: February 2008

Northern Ireland was one of the first countries to offer incentives to attract industrial investment when in 1932 a measure was introduced enabling a grant to be made towards the purchase of sites for industrial development. Between that time and 1981, when the Northern Ireland Industrial Development Board was established, there has been a significant and widening enhancement of industrial incentives. It no longer provides grants towards the acquisition of sites, in recognition of the fact that, in an environment of continuing assistance to industry, such a policy could result over a period of time, in the same site being grant‐aided on a number of occasions. The additional measures and the need for industrial investment in Northern Ireland has however resulted in an industrial property market heavily dominated by Government‐owned property and factories which have been built with Government grant assistance.
Property in Fiji
Authors: Greenwood D.W. , Miller S.
Published: February 2008

Fiji is a land of islands: about 840 of them, ranging in size from 390 sq. km to about 1 sq. km. Viti Levu is the biggest, on which lives the majority of the population. Of all the island states in the South Pacific, Fiji is unusual in that the majority of the population is not indigenous — at the last census which gave a total population of 690,000, only 48 per cent were found to be indigenous Fijians, yet these people own 84 per cent of the total land area on the customary land tenure system. The remaining land is either Crown land (nine per cent of the total) or freehold land (seven per cent of the total).
Using information technology to improve property maintenance management
Authors: Pitt MSc FRICS T.J.
Published: February 2008

Introduction The objective of most property maintenance management operations is to preserve the stock and quality of the property portfolio by providing a responsive and efficient repair service which represents value for money. The two key words are probably responsive and efficient — responsive in that any system must react to maintenance demands as identified by users, inspection and/or policy, and efficient by providing the optimum information to the right person at the right time.
Some effects of Health and Safety legislation on costs for flat‐dwellers
Authors: Oakey FRICS Robert
Published: February 2008

Residents of mansion blocks in London probably did not pay much attention to the Health and Safety at Work Act when it went through Parliament, over ten years ago.
Marketing and the estate agent — 2
Authors: Gilligan Colin
Published: February 2008

My previous paper focused upon the increasing pressures being faced by residential agencies and argued that the need to adopt a proactive marketing stance is now greater than ever before. Within this paper, I consider the implications for methods of competition and discuss some of the ways in which residential agencies might possibly develop.
Intelligent security systems
Authors: Stapley Gerry
Published: February 2008

Security systems have evolved in parallel with advances in electronic technology. Until now development has largely been substitution engineering — using modern techniques to achieve the same thing, but in a smaller or less costly way — rather than addressing the fundamental problems of the industry. This is changing with the introduction of ‘intelligent systems’, such as ‘Genesis’, launched recently by Securicor Granley, and other similar systems being introduced over the next two or three years.
The maintenance of business park landscape
Authors: Holden BA DipLD ALI Robert
Published: February 2008

An attractive landscape is one of the main features which distinguish the business parks of the 1980s from the trading estates of the 1940s. Indeed it is arguable that location, landscape and effective site security/management are the three main selling points in a successful business park. Certainly private sector developers have in the last five or six years been placing an increasing emphasis on landscape architecture as a way of improving the appearance and facilities of their developments. Landscape is featured in marketing brochures, it aids letting and it ought to enhance property values.
BUILDING KNOWLEDGE AND THE ROLE OF THE GENERAL PRACTICE SURVEYOR
Authors: Bryson Jonathan
Published: February 2008

This research was inspired, to some extent, by the growth in negligence claims against general practice chartered surveyors in recent years and the concern expressed in the various property journals over the level of building knowledge in the profession. The aim of this two‐part paper is to examine the requirements of general practitioners in the subject area and to attempt to draw some conclusions about the ability required, necessary changes in education and possible future changes in the profession's activities. A general practice surveyor is involved in many fields of work demanding an awareness of building. The activities of members of the profession can vary greatly and a clear definition of the knowledge necessary may be difficult to achieve. This paper will consider the range of activities in which a surveyor may become involved with respect to building. A questionnaire survey of the profession was conducted giving views about the range of building knowledge required in practice. This survey also allowed the respondents to add their opinions on the problem of the necessary ability required to undertake structural surveys.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR PROPERTY MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL AUTHORITIES
Authors: Fielden John
Published: February 2008

This paper is written from the perspective not of a computer expert but from that of the public sector property manager. It reviews the changing information needs of this function and then discusses how these are best met. As we shall see, there are no absolute answers, only some valuable common principles and a growing amount of good practice on which we can build.
PROPERTY MARKET DEFINITION: A FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM
Authors: Henneberry John
Published: February 2008

Increasingly, rigorous market research is being seen as a necessary prerequisite to the successful and profitable construction and disposal of property developments. Norton, for example, stresses that, with the demand for accommodation in most market sectors being already reasonably well met, only a thorough and detailed understanding of the market will ensure that new schemes compete with and complement existing developments rather than merely duplicating them. The penalties of inadequate market research are heavy: projects are difficult to finance because funders remain to be convinced that there is a demand for the floorspace proposed; completed developments stand vacant because the accommodation provided does not meet the design, site or location requirements of potential occupiers. Even in areas, such as Berkshire, with relatively healthy local economies and continuing demand for premises, record levels of vacant floorspace, much of it modern, exist alongside record rental levels. The property industry appears not to have absorbed this lesson. Cadman and Cleaveley suggest that too many development decisions have been taken on the basis of ‘hunches’ or ‘gut feeling’ or because a similar project has been successfully developed elsewhere, rather than being taken in the light of adequate market analysis. Consequently, it is suggested that the surveying profession needs to show much greater interest in property market research and analysis and this paper has been written in an attempt to widen discussion on the subject. The vehicle chosen is a consideration of the high technology market and, more specifically, the difficulties encountered in trying to define that market. It is hoped that a detailed rather than a generalised approach will better illustrate the practical advantages and limitations of market research. The particular market sector was chosen because science parks and high technology developments are cited by Cleaveley as specific examples of projects which have been built without the benefit of adequate market research.
FIRE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE ? AN INCREASED AWARENESS
Authors: Stilgoe Ray
Published: February 2008

MANY PROPERTY owners, often responsible for the safety of hundreds of employees in addition to their organisations' success and profitability, are turning their attention to ensuring that the safety and protection systems at their place of work are ready to function in an emergency.
ENERGY INITIATIVES IN MILTON KEYNES
Authors: Horton Alan
Published: February 2008

The Energy World exhibition of low energy houses held at Milton Keynes towards the end of summer 1986 focussed much attention on the subject of energy‐efficient design in housing both in terms of what is considered technically and economically viable now, and what may become so in the future. Organised by Milton Keynes Development Corporation (MKDC) and sponsored by Anglian Building Society, Energy World formed the biggest single event in Energy Efficiency year, attracting over 70,000 visitors from the UK and abroad. A total of 53 energy‐efficient houses was exhibited by 33 private developers, ranging from small local firms to nationally‐known volume builders, with a further five house types exhibited by MKDC as part of its shared ownership programme. (Shared ownership houses are those where the occupier purchases a portion of the equity and rents the remainder.) The exhibition was not an isolated event however. It has followed several years of experience with low‐energy housing projects in Milton Keynes, and formed the launch‐pad for the much larger Energy Park development currently under construction. This seven‐year project will combine the experience gained to date with further innovative techniques and procedures to apply the principles of energy‐efficient design on a community‐wide basis. The 300‐acre site will comprise employment areas, housing parkland and a range of community facilities. It will eventually house 3,000 people and provide employment for 2,000.