bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesticide management practices among rural market gardening farmers near Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Zimba Moses , Zimudz Clemence
Published: September 2016

In 2014, we carried out a survey in Chinamhora and Chihota communal lands on the outskirts of Harare city, with the aim of understanding pesticide management practices among market gardening farmers. The farmers grew vegetables that mostly included tomatoes, cabbages, rape, cucumbers, onions and carrots, and they used mainly organophosphates and pyrethroids to control pests. A questionnaire was administered to 119 male heads of households across both study areas. The questionnaire contained 13 closed-ended questions in three sections: source and quality of pesticides, handling and use, and storage and disposal of pesticides used to protect crops. The study identified numerous gaps related to the handling of pesticides. Although the quality of labelling and packaging can largely identify the quality of pesticide, most of the farmers (77.3%) could not distinguish between genuine and counterfeit pesticides; approximately half (47.9%) of the farmers were not concerned about expiry dates; 27% did not observe post-spray periods; and 63% did not take precautions according to colour-coding of the pesticides. Also of concern were the large numbers of farmers who were not using protective coveralls (54.3%); a substantial number who were not using knapsacks for spraying (21.8%); poor storage of the pesticides, as shown by the variation in storage facilities; the use of empty pesticide containers for domestic purposes (20.2%); and lack of strict adherence to recommended dose levels, with some farmers (28.6%) merely estimating the dilution of pesticides. Training through outreach programmes is recommended.

Significance: 

Identifies gaps in the way pesticides are used and stored by rural market gardening farmers.
Highlights the need for government agricultural extension workers to hold regular workshops for farmers.
Indicates the need for government ministries to monitor counterfeit pesticides.
College Student Academic Motivation and Engagement in the College English Course
Authors: Li Ming , Yu Lingyun , Qin Yu , Lu Peng , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: September 2016

This research examined the relationship between student academic motivation and engagement in the college English course. Based on the current study on communicative language teaching, student academic motivation, and engagement, we hypothesized that student motivation in the English course could predict their engagement. We used the MUSIC model of academic motivation inventory (Jones, 2016b) to explore students’ course perceptions, and we added engagement items to the survey. The participants were 101 first-year college students who were enrolled in this English course. The descriptive statistics data presented the main problems the course in terms of empowerment, success, and interest. The stepwise regression results indicated that the components of empowerment and success in the MUSIC model predicted student engagement. The findings revealed that it is possible for Chinese college EFL teachers to use the strategies in the MUSIC model to redesign their instruction to motivate and engage their students in the English coursework.
The Effect of Contextual Visual Aids on High School Students' Reading Comprehension
Authors: Majidi Nahid , Aydinlu Nader Assadi
Published: September 2016

The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of contextual visual aids on Iranian high school students’ reading comprehension. To do so, a thorough review of the related literature was done and a quasi-experimental study was designed in which the participants were 96 female EFL learners at the intermediate level. These participants were chosen out of 140 learners through a homogeneity test. The selected participants were assigned to four groups; three experimental groups (pre-thematic, thematic and post-thematic) and one control group. The participants went through the procedure of pretest, treatment, and posttest. The data was collected by means of three tests: a PET test, a pretest and a posttest of reading comprehension. A one-way ANOVA was run to probe the research questions posed in this study. The findings revealed that contextual visual aids had a statistically significant effect on Iranian high school students' reading comprehension. The study findings also revealed that among the Contextual Visual Aids, pre-thematic aids had the highest effect on high school students’ reading comprehension. This was followed by thematic visual aids which had a moderate effect on this process. However, the post-thematic visual aids had slightly significant effect on high school students' reading comprehension.
Backward Pragmatic Transfer: An Empirical Study on Compliment Responses among Chinese EFL Learners
Authors: Cao Min
Published: September 2016

This present study aims at investigating compliment response strategies used by different groups of Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in order to find out the evidence of the existence of backward transfer from foreign language (FL) or second language (L2) English to their first language (L1) Chinese at pragmatic level. The data is collected through a written Discourse Complete Task (DCT) among four levels of EFL learners in a university in China. The data suggests that backward transfer occurs in their L1 Chinese compliment response. Moreover, backward pragmatic transfer is enhanced by EFL learners’ L2 proficiency. The results of this study are compared with those of Qu & Wang (2005) to see the great changes in the past ten years. The results of this study point to the complexity of language transfer and its interaction with L2 proficiency.
Chemical Composition and Fatty Acids of Glodok Fish by High Thermal Processing
Authors: Purwaningsih Sri , Salamah Ella , Dewantoro Reza
Published: September 2016

Glodok is an economically underrated fish with a high nutrient content. The research aims to study the changes on chemical composition, fatty acids, omega-6 and omega-3 ratio in glodok muscle after processing with different methods of boiling, steaming, and boiling with addition of salt (3%). The results showed that the treatment (boiling, steaming, and boiling with addition of salt) gives a significant effect (α=0.05) in water content, ash, lipid content, nervonat acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA. The best processing method was steaming. The ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 in fresh glodok fish was 2,1:1, which is higher than WHO recommendation of 0,6:1,7.
Keywords: chemical composition, fatty acid, glodok fish, processing
The Use of Fresh Cogongrass as Transportation Media with Level Dry System for Broodstock of Crayfish on Various Old Time
Authors: Taqwa Ferdinand Hukama , - Yulisman - , Yulian I. S.
Published: September 2016

The research was to determine the effect of the use of fresh cogongrass as media packaging filler on survival rate of broodstock of crayfish that transported with level dry system for 24, 48, dan 72 hours which randomized completely design experiment. The research preparation were media preparation of pond water, preparation of filler material and preparation of experimental animal (3 days adaptation after arrived from producer and starvation for 24 hours). The major research were anestetion of broodstock of crayfish with direct sock of low temperature at 12oC for ±5 minutes, transportation experiment of broodstock with fresh cogongrass as material filler. The result showed that the use of fresh cogongrass on various old time of dry level system has a significantly different to time of recovery and survival rate of broodstock of crayfish after tranforted. The fastest time of recovery was 89.55 seconds for 24 hours transportation and significantly different with time of transportation for 48 hours and 72 hours. The survival rate after tranported the highest was 98.89% for 24 hours transportation and significantly different with time of transportation for 48 hours and 72 hours. This research showed that the use of fresh cogongrass as material packaging filler of dry level system was still effective until 48 hours.
Keywords: afresh cogongrass, broodstock of crayfish, various old time transportation, level dry system
Changesin Myoglobin of Big Eye Tuna During Chilling Storage
Authors: Murniati Wodi Stevi Imelda , Trilaksani Wini - , Nurilmala Mala -
Published: September 2016

Big eye tuna (Thunnus obesus) is one of the species of tuna which is have some value added such as have potential to improve animal protein sources, have high economic values as well as an export commodity.Mishandling and misapplication of high temparatures on the tuna handling at the tropics and sub tropics climate was significantly decreasing the value of myoglobin and affecting the solubility of protein. Myoglobin is a globular protein that have small molecular weight size and it was an important factor for determining the quality of meat and influencing factors of purchasing power by the consumer. The purpose of this experiments is to determining the changes of myoglobin content and the water soluble proteins content at some parts of big eye tuna in 9 days chilling temperatures. The portion which is analized was the ventral area, dorsal area and tail area. Myoglobin content in all portion above, both light and dark meat was analized. The results shows the decreased value of myoglobin content from first handling (day zero) until day ninth (days 9th) experiment. Each myoglobin contentfrom white meat at at ventral, dorsal and tail meat was decreased from 121.68 mg/100 into 41.35 mg/100, 148.2 mg/100g into 52.01 mg/100g, 105.16 mg/100g into 31.34 gr/100gram, after day ninth. The myoglobin content from dark meat at ventral, dorsal and tail meat, was decreased, too ; from 418.64 mg/100 gr into 121.01 mg/100 g, 446.21 mg/100 g into 58.34 mg/100 r and 145.65 mg/100 gr into 87.98 mg/100g after day ninth.Water soluble protein was derived into protein bands with molecular weight 15,4 kDa and 14 kDa. Its suspected as the myoglobin protein. The molecular weight difference was caused from degradation of protein during the storage.
Keywords: Big eye tuna, meat, storage, myoglobin
Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Compounds from Sea Urchin
Authors: Akerina Febrina Olivia , Nurhayati Tati , Suwandi Ruddy
Published: September 2016

Sea urchin is highly valued seafood. Its bioactive compound also has a potential as natural antibacterial agent. The aim of this research was to screen the antibacterial activity using cup-plate method, toxicity potential using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method, bioactive compound using phytochemical method, and proximate composition by AOAC. This research was devided into two phases, the preliminary research was to determine the best body part of sea urchin showing antibacterial activity. Sea urchins were collected from Pramuka Island and extracted by meseration method. For the preliminary research, gonad extract showed the high antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus at 1.83 ± 0.74 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively. The main research includes the determination of proximate composition, toxicity, bioactive compound, and antibacterial activity from the best body part of sea urchin. The proximate composition from gonad of sea urchin showed that water content 64.97 ± 0.08%; ash 2.72 ± 0.13%; lipid 19.73 ± 0.04%; protein 12.26 ± 0.3%, and 0.33 ± 0.17%, respectively. The detected bioactive compounds from the three different solvents of gonads extracts were steroid, triterpenoid and saponin. The result of lethal toxicity (LC50) from the three gonads extract was 471.861 ppm (n-hexane), 563.226 ppm (ethyl acetate) and 577.531 ppm (methanolic), respectively. Gonads ethyl acetate extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity than n-hexane and methanolic extract, its inhibition zone was 2.71 mm against S. aureus and 4.13 against E. coli. Keyword : Antibacteria, bioactive compound, D. setosum, sea urchin
Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Composition, and Tissues Description of Fresh and Fried Red Snapper Fillet
Authors: Jacoeb Agoes Mardiono , Suptijah Pipih , Kristantina Widyana Ayu
Published: September 2016

Red Snapper is a widely consumed fish. The aim of this research was to determine the fatty acid and the cholesterol composition and to observe the tissues description of fresh and fried red snapper fillet. The fatty acid composition was tested using Gas Chromatography (GC) and the cholesterol with Bohac test. Fresh red snapper had moisture and protein content about 79.31% and 16.30%, respectively. Meanwhile fried red snapper contained mosture and protein about 1.98% and 28.40%, respectively.The highest compound of saturated fatty acid on red snapper were myristic acid; while of monounsaturated fatty acid were palmitoleat acid (C16:1). Of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (C18:2) was found dominantly. Frying increased the cholesterol content from 20 mg/100 g to 60 mg/100 g of tissue. Tissue structure of fresh red snapper was found in not compact form because of low quality meat, however more compact structure was found on fried flesh of red snapper. Keywords: Cholesterol, fatty acids, meat tissue, proximate, red snapper (L. argentimaculatus)
Composite chondro-perichondrial clip myringoplasty: our experience
Authors: B. H. Shrikrishna , A. C. Jyothi
Published: September 2016

Background: There are several studies on the efficacy of the commonly used temporalis fascia for myringoplasty where the temporalis fascia is placed by underlay method after incising external canal wall skin. This study was conducted assess the success rate and efficacy of use of a composite chondro-perichondrial graft in a combined overlay-underlay fashion where the external canal wall is not incised.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted where 30 cases of non-marginal perforation of tympanic membrane were properly selected based on the inclusion criteria. All the 30 cases underwent myringoplasty using composite chondro-perichondrial graft harvested from tragal cartilage and placed in a combined overlay-underlay fashion.  

Results: There was complete closure of the perforation in 27 of the total 30 cases. Also there was reduction in the air-bone gap post-operatively in all the 27 cases with complete closure of the tympanic membrane perforations.

Conclusions: Composite chondro-perichondrial clip myringoplasty is an effective method of closing non-marginal perforations of the tympanic membrane.
Conflicto, Violencia y Paz: Un acercamiento científico, filosófico y bioético
Authors: Osorio García Sergio Néstor
Published: September 2016

Además de la pluralidad de significados y de sentidos que se les da en el uso corriente del lenguaje a los términos conflicto, violencia y paz, existen también, en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales y de la filosofía política contemporánea, un variado significado para estos términos que dependen en gran medida de los enfoques teóricos, como de los niveles de la realidad a los que ellos hacen referencia. La forma como cada una de estas perspectivas científicas y filosóficas enfocan los problemas presuponen una visión del hombre, de la vida en sociedad y del mundo que necesariamente se deben cuestionar. La siguiente reflexión hace una presentación del conflicto, la violencia y la paz desde tres grandes enfoques: el biológico-instintivista, el psico-sociológico o ambientalista y el estructural o histórico. El trabajo finaliza con un análisis desde la filosofía política y la Bioética con la intención de ofrecer algunas precisiones conceptuales para una nueva comprensión del conflicto, la violencia y la paz.
Van Rensselaer Potter y Edgar Morin:cambios en el pensamiento ético contemporáneo
Authors: González López Ingrid
Published: September 2016

Estudio de los aportes de la Bioética global de Van R. Potter y la ética compleja de Edgar Morin al pensamiento ético contemporáneo, desde una perspectiva interpretativa con base en tres procedimientos analíticos. En él se reconoce, tras las diferencias terminológicas y conceptuales entre Potter y Morin, una comunidad esencial, legible, mediante la producción de un diálogo de saberes que apela a los fundamentos de ambas teorías. Se identifican nueve elementos que delimitan dicha comu­nidad esencial: 1) La oposición a la concepción dicotómica clásica que separa conocimiento y moralidad, ciencias naturales y sociales; 2) El reconocimiento de la responsabilidad como principio moral y cognitivo básico; 3) La identificación de la relatividad de la moral en relación con la complejidad moral y la diversidad moral; 4) La centralidad de la relación ciencia-ética-política en la comprensión contemporánea de los asuntos humanos; 5) La comprensión contextulizada del sujeto del conocimiento (obser­vador) y del sujeto moral; 6) La identificación de las bases no sociales de la moralidad; 7) La ampliación del círculo de la moralidad; 8) La oposición a la moralina; 9) La superación a los «ismos». Esta comunidad esencial manifiesta de forma enriquecida importantes elementos de cambio en el pensamiento ético contemporáneo.
Ética y estética:Una relación ineludible
Authors: Castro Rodríguez Sixto José
Published: September 2016

La relación entre ética y estética es constante a lo largo de la historia, si bien la concreción de la misma ha tomado diver­sas formas y depende, en buena medida, de las teorías del arte y de los sistemas éticos que se manejen. El estudio de la relación entre ambas arroja luz no sólo sobre su analogía o diferencia, sino sobre el mismo ser de la estética y de la ética en cuanto tales y su relación con otras maneras de comprender lo real, como la política, la teología o la biología.
Propuesta de reformulación del “Listado de derechos del paciente mental en Cuba”
Authors: Ribot Reyes Victoria De la Caridad
Published: September 2016

El trabajo realizado responde a una estrategia cualitativa, en la que se emplea como tipo de investigación un estudio descriptivo, transversal y de desarrollo con el objetivo de proponer una reformulación al "Listado de Derechos de Paciente Mental en Cuba" vigente, a partir de los aportes realizados por el pensamiento bioético en este campo. Fueron encuestados 37 médicos vinculados a la práctica de la Psiquiatría como especialistas o residentes. De éstos, sólo 6 desconocían el mencionado código deontológico y 30 lo consideraron inadecuado para el contexto social y ético actual (22 parcial y 8 totalmente). Los principales señalamientos se refirieron al uso de consentimiento informado, la discriminación, la definición de libertades y el acceso a recursos diagnóstico-terapéutico-rehabilitatorios. Por último, a partir del marco teórico y de los criterios recogidos, se precisan las modificaciones pertinentes y se elabora una propuesta de listado de Derechos del Enfermo Mental.
Assessment of Online Information Literacy Learning Objects For First Year Community College English Composition
Authors: Bordignon Mara , Strachan Gail , Peters Jennifer , Muller Joy , Otis Alana , Georgievski Adele , Tamim Rana
Published: September 2016

Objective – The main objective was to determine whether information literacy (IL) learning objects (LOs) impact student IL competency, specifically in a foundational first year English composition course. The primary research question was: What is the effectiveness of IL LOs compared to face-to-face instruction in terms of students’ skill acquisition?

Methods – The methods involved testing student IL competency through a multiple-choice test given pre- and post-IL intervention. Effectiveness was measured by assessing whether IL competency improves after exposure to one of two interventions: online IL LOs or face-to-face librarian-led workshop. Over two semesters, equal sections of the course were tested for each of these interventions. For the IL LOs group, students first completed a pre-test, then they worked independently through three online IL LOs. The three IL LOs were videos comprised of animation, screen casting, and video capture on these topics: Finding Articles at Seneca Libraries (hereafter referred to as Finding Articles), Finding Articles on Current Issues, and Popular and Scholarly Sources. The students were then given the same test again. For the face-to-face group, the pre- and post-tests were also required for the same number of sections. This study was conducted under institutional ethics approval.

Results – Descriptive analysis revealed student test scores increased for both interventions, IL LOs and face-to-face. Test scores increased, on average, between 14 to 37%. In comparing post-tests, results revealed a statistically significant difference only with the first topic, Finding Articles. In this case, the IL LOs (video) group outperformed the face-to-face group by at least 10%. No significance, in terms of performance from pre- and post-test scores, was found for the other two topics.

Conclusion – Both IL LO and face-to-face library led workshop interventions had a positive impact on students’ IL skill acquisition as evidenced by an overall increase in average test scores. One IL LO on Finding Articles significantly outperformed the face-to-face class equivalent. Further study is needed to track individual student performance.
Practice and Repetition during Exam Preparation in Blended Learning Courses: Correlations with Learning Results
Authors: Andergassen Monika , Mödritscher Felix , Neumann Gustaf
Published: September 2016

Learner-centric research on factors influencing learning results has focused, among other things, on student characteristics, demographic data, and usage patterns in learning management systems (LMSs). This paper complements the existing research by investigating potential correlations between learning results and LMS usage during exam preparation, focusing on practice and repetition. Based on 250 million log-file entries used to analyze student interactions within specific courses and overall in the LMS, results show positive, albeit modest, correlations between usage variables and final exam grades. Regarding practice, the number of learning days and the number of days between the first and the last learning sessions correlate better than the coverage of different learning materials. The findings for repetition indicate that it is more beneficial to transfer learning to new tasks than to repeat the same items many times. The study not only looks at single usage variables but also examines the distribution of the descriptive and dependent variables and uses visualization techniques and quantiles to deal with outliers. This paper describes the largest empirical study of learner interactions in blended learning courses conducted so far (at least according to the authors’ knowledge) and including techniques for processing and analyzing large datasets about LMS usage.
A Review of Psychometric Data Analysis and Applications in Modelling of Academic Achievement in Tertiary Education
Authors: Gray Geraldine
Published: September 2016

Increasing college participation rates, and diversity in student population, is posing a challenge to colleges in their attempts to facilitate learners achieve their full academic potential. Learning analytics is an evolving discipline with capability for educational data analysis that could enable better understanding of learning process, and therefore mitigate these challenges. The outcome from such data analysis will be dependent on the range, type, and quality of available data and the type of analysis performed. This study reviewed factors that could be used to predict academic performance, but which are currently not systematically measured in tertiary education. It focused on psychometric factors of ability, personality, motivation, and learning strategies. Their respective relationships with academic performance are enumerated and discussed. A case is made for their increased use in learning analytics to enhance the performance of existing student models. It is noted that lack of independence, linear additivity, and constant variance in the relationships between psychometric factors and academic performance suggests increasing relevance of data mining techniques, which could be used to provide useful insights on the role of such factors in the modelling of learning process.
Affective States and State Tests: Investigating How Affect and Engagement during the School Year Predict End-of-Year Learning Outcomes
Authors: Pardos Zach A , Baker Ryan S.J.D , San Pedro Maria , Gowda Sujith M , Gowda Supreeth M
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we investigate the correspondence between student affect and behavioural engagement in a web-based tutoring platform throughout the school year and learning outcomes at the end of the year on a high-stakes mathematics exam in a manner that is both longitudinal and fine-grained. Affect and behaviour detectors are used to estimate student affective states and behaviour based on post-hoc analysis of tutor log-data. For every student action in the tutor, the detectors give us an estimated probability that the student is in a state of boredom, engaged concentration, confusion, or frustration, and estimates of the probability that the student is exhibiting off-task or gaming behaviours. We used data from the ASSISTments math tutoring system and found that boredom during problem solving is negatively correlated with performance, as expected; however, boredom is positively correlated with performance when exhibited during scaffolded tutoring. A similar pattern is unexpectedly seen for confusion. Engaged concentration and, surprisingly, frustration are both associated with positive learning outcomes. In a second analysis, we build a unified model that predicts student standardized examination scores from a combination of student affect, disengaged behaviour, and performance within the learning system. This model achieves high overall correlation to standardized exam score, showing that these types of features can effectively infer longer-term learning outcomes.
A Resource-Constrained Approach to Implementing Analytics in an Institution of Higher Education: An Experience Report
Authors: Buerck John P
Published: September 2016

Academic analytics and learning analytics have been increasingly adopted by academic institutions of higher learning for improving student performance and retention. While several studies have reported the implementation details and the successes of specific analytics initiatives, relatively fewer studies exist in literature that describe the possible constraints that can preclude an academic or learning analytics initiative from succeeding fully, meeting the criteria of success as defined by the stakeholders affected by such initiatives. Our aim in this article is to describe the constraints that precluded a successful completion of our analytics initiative and how we re-envisioned our approach and scope to achieve our primary goals while operating within the constraints and tools associated with our academic environment.
Contemporary Privacy Theory Contributions to Learning Analytics
Authors: Heath Jennifer
Published: September 2016

With the continued adoption of learning analytics in higher education institutions, vast volumes of data are generated and “big data” related issues, including privacy, emerge. Privacy is an ill-defined concept and subject to various interpretations and perspectives, including those of philosophers, lawyers, and information systems specialists. This paper provides an overview of privacy and considers the potential contribution contemporary privacy theories can make to learning analytics. Conclusions reflect on the suitability of these theories towards the advancement of learning analytics and future research considers the importance of hearing the student voice in this space.
Productivity of Rice-Wheat System in Response to Climate Change and Its Mitigation Stratigies
Authors: Singh1* Jagdish , Kaul2 Amit , Singh2 Mandeep , Talwar3 Dilpreet
Published: September 2016

The concentration of greenhouse gases has increased as a result of anthropogenic activities, which resulted in the warming of the earth atmosphere. The agriculture sector also contributes to emission of greenhouse gases and is also worst affect from the warming. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide may have fertilization effect on the productivity of rice-wheat system, but this effect will be negated by the simultaneous increase of temperature. The rise in the day-time maximum temperature has positive effect on the rice yield but negatively affect the wheat yield. While rise in the night-time minimum temperature the yield of rice decreases. Our goal here is to discuss the possible effects of shift in the climatic variables on the productivity of rice-wheat system that will provide important insights for adapting to it. Various options to mitigate the negative impacts of climatic shift on the productivity of rice-wheat system has been discussed.
RNA interference (RNAi): Application in crop improvement: A review
Authors: Pathak Khanini , Gogoi Bhabesh
Published: September 2016

Among those various recent biotechnological tools, RNA Interference (RNAi) has been playing important role in crop improvement. RNAi can be defined as the ability of exogenous or endogenous double stranded RNA to suppress the expression of the gene which corresponds to the sequence of double stranded RNA. RNAi has been extensively used in various species to suppress gene function and is a novel approach to modify the gene expression for better quality traits and nutritional improvement in different crops. If judiciously used, this technology may go a long way to narrow the gap through production of disease, insect and virus resistant, nutritionally rich and toxic-free crops. The technology that has been developed by the developed countries will be available to any lab including those in the developing countries, where work utilizing RNAi technology is either in progress or going to be launched shortly. Ultimately this kind of technology can be important to global food security and also to maintain sustainability.
Economic analysis of yield gap of Arhar (Cajnus cajan) inVidarbha region of India
Authors: Patil Rachana , Nemade Devyanee
Published: September 2016

Yield gap is an important aspect as it affects production. There is a need to take up in depth analysis of yield gap for narrowing down the yield gap between the farmers fields and demonstration plots. It may not always possible for the farmers to raise the crop productivity on their farm to the level of research station. However, it would be realizable to aim at demonstration plot yield. Hence in this study more emphasis is given to yield gap II. i.e. difference between demonstration plot yield and farmers field. The study was based on the secondery data collected from Agricultural Prices Scheme, Dr. PDKV, Akola for the year 2014 -15. In all 120 Arhar growing farmers from Akola, Buldhana and Amaravati district were selected. It is observed that total Yield gap was highest in low adopter (6.81 qt/ha) and less in high adopter (1.87 qt)/ha.
La formación de los hipocorísticos en el español de México
Authors: Estrada Juan Bernardo
Published: September 2016

Los hipocorísticos son un tipo de fenómeno perteneciente a los truncamientosque se puede encontrar en casi todas las lenguas. En el español, dicho fenómenoda pie a que un nombre propio derive en uno o más hipocorísticos que, pesea lo que se había manejado tradicionalmente, son originados por mecanismosbien específicos y no son meras deformaciones arbitrarias. Pueden ser éstos detipo prosódico, silábico, segmental o morfológico. En el presente trabajo se hizouna recopilación de algunos de los hipocorísticos más comunes en México yse analizaron los mecanismos presentes en ellos. Posteriormente se ordenaronestadísticamente para poder encontrar patrones en los mismos y observar sivariables como la edad o el sexo pueden establecer diferencias en la selección deun determinado mecanismo.
Influence de la temperature de fermentation sur la composition d'un vin blanc sec *
Authors: Bisson Jean , Daulny Bertrand , Bertrand Alain
Published: September 2016

Au cours d'une expérimentation dans laquelle seules variaient les températures de fermentation, un vin banc sec élaboré à 13 °C s'est révélé gustativement le meilleur. Une température plus basse (7 °C) n'a pas apporté d'amélioration; la qualité du vin était très nettement diminuée par fermentation à température élevée (30 °C).

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During an experiment in which the fermentation temperatures were the only variable, dry white wine treated at 13 °C was found to have the best flavour. A lower temperature (7 °C) brought about no improvement; the wines quality was very clearly diminished by fermentation at a high temperature (30 °C).

 

* Travail effectué avec la collaboration de M. Laporte
Variabilité de la microflore levurienne de quelques terroirs viticoles du Pays nantais
Authors: Poulard Alain , Simon L. , Cuinier Claude
Published: September 2016

Les auteurs ont étudié la microflore fermentaire et oxydative du sol et des moûts de raisin dans différents terroirs du vignoble nantais. Ils montrent que, si la microflore est homogène d'un point de vue qualitatif et quantitatif à l'intérieur d'un terroir donné, elle présente par contre une certaine hétérogénéité entre terroir différents. Ils confirment le rôle du sulfitage sur la microflore des moûts de raisin.

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The authors studied fermentative and oxydative micro-organisms of soil and of grape musts in different soils of the Nantes region. They showed that if the micro-organisms are quantitatively and qualitatively homogenous with a given type of soil, to the contrary there exists a certain heterogeneity among the micro-organisms of different soils. The authors confirm the role of sulphiting on the micro-organisms of grape-musts.
Dégradation enzymatique du glucane de Botrytis cinerea. Application à l'amélioration de la clarification des vins issus de raisins pourris
Authors: Dubourdieu Denis , Villettaz Jean-Claude , Desplanques Caroline , Pascal Ribéreau-Gayon
Published: September 2016

Botrytis cinerea secrète dans les baies de raisins parasitées un β-glucane responsable des difficultés de clarification des vins issus de vendanges pourries.

Une préparation enzymatique (glucanase NOVOZYM 116) susceptible d'hydrolyser ce polysaccharide dans les vins est proposée. L'incidence de différents facteurs (température, pH, SO2, éthanol) sur l'activité et la stabilité de la préparation enzymatique, ainsi que son mode d'action, sont examinés. Les essais effectués au laboratoire montrent que la dégradation enzymatique du glucane, en cours de fermentation, permet d'améliorer considérablement la clarification spontanée et la filtrabilité des vins.

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Botrytis cinerea secretes a β-glucane in the grapes that it infests that is responsible for clarification problems in wines made from spoiled harvests.

An enzymatic preparation (Glucanase NOVOZYM 116) capable of hydrolysing this polysaccharide in wines is proposed. The influence of different factors (temperature, pH, SO2, ethanol) on the activity and stability of the enzymatic preparation are examined. The laboratory tests show that the enzymatic decay of glucane during fermentation brings about a great improvement in the spontaneous clarification and filterabiiity of wines.
Influence du traitement à l'acide gibbérellique sur la teneur en gibbérellines et en acide abscissique des fleurs et des baies de cépages androstériles et hermaphrodites ***
Authors: Scienza A. , Visai C. , Zamboli M. , Boselli M.
Published: September 2016

Dans les fleurs femelles de Picolit on a observé, pendant les phases finales de la différenciation des niveaux de substances analogues aux gibbérellines plus élevés que dans les fleurs hermaphrodites de Malvoisie de Candie aromatique.

Le traitement à l'acide gibbérellique de Picolit en post-floraison augmente considérablement la teneur des baies en substances analogues aux gibbérellines, sans toutefois modifier leur croissance de manière proportionnelle.

Par contre, aucune différence significative n'apparaît dans les teneurs en acide abscissique des fleurs et des baies des deux cépages.

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ln the Picolit female flowers, it has been observed that, during the final differentiation phases, the level of substances ressembling gibberellines is greater than in the hermaphrodite flowers of Malvoisie de Candie aromatique.

The gibberellic acid treatment of Picolit in the post-floral phase considerably increases the level of substances ressembling gibberellines in the grapes, without proportionally modifying their growth.

On the other hand, no significative difference appears in the abscissic acid level in the flowers and grapes of two varieties.

 

*** Travail conduit dans le cadre du Projet Finalisé du C.N.R. « Biologie de la reproduction ».
Etude de quelques facteurs influençant la couleur des vins rouges helléniques
Authors: Harvalia Antigone , Bena-Tzourou Irène
Published: September 2016

Les auteurs donnent les teneurs en anthocyanes et en composés phénoliques totaux des raisins de nombreux cépages cultivés en Grèce. Le rôle du cépage, de la maturité de la vendange et de certains facteurs pédoclimatiques sur la formation et l'évolution de ces constituants sont discutés. Les auteurs montrent l'importance de la concentration en anthocyanes, de l'indice d'ionisation, du pourcentage de polymérisation, de ces molécules pour l'interprétation de la couleur des vins rouges jeunes.

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The anthocyanins and total phenol compounds content in grapes of numerous varietals cultivated in Greece are given. The influence of the grape varietal, the harvest ripeness and certain pedoclimatic factors on the formation and evolution of these constituents are discussed. The authors show the importance of anthocyanins concentration, the ionization index, the percentage of polymerized molecules for the evaluation of the color of young red wines.
La photosynthèse nette chez la vigne (V. vinifera L.) et les facteurs écologiques
Authors: Stoev K. , Slavtcheva T.
Published: September 2016

Les auteurs étudient l'influence des facteurs écologiques les plus importants sur l'intensité de la photosynthèse, et la marche journalière et saisonnière de ce phénomène chez la vigne (Vitis vinifera L.). Les valeurs optimales des différents facteurs sont déterminées; elles ne sont pas absolues mais elles reflètent les capacités d'adaptation de la vigne. L'influence de chacun des facteurs est modifiée par les autres conditions de l'expérimentation.

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ln this work, the influence of the most important ecological factors concerning the intensity and the development of photosynthesis along the day and the season for the vine (Vitis vinefera L.) is studied. The optimal values of different factor are determined: they are not absolute but they are in connection with the adaptive capacities of the vine. The influence of each factor is modified by the other conditions of the experiment.
Etude de quelques conditions influençant la filtration des vins sur membrane
Authors: Salgues M. , Dumont C. , Maris Françoise
Published: September 2016

Les coûts de la filtration sur membrane en oenologie peuvent être réduits en améliorant la filtrabilité des vins et la régénération des membranes après colmatage.

Le test de filtrabilité proposé par Gaillard permet d'estimer les volumes de vin filtrables au chai, de contrôler et d'optimiser la chaîne de préparation des vins. Différentes applications sont étudiées. Le test de débit en eau permet de contrôler le colmatage et la régénération des membranes. Des techniques de régénération par trempage dans des solutions détergentes sont étudiées et proposées.

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The cost of filtering through a membrane in enology can be reduced by improving the filterability of wines and the regeneration of clogged membranes.

The filterability test proposed by Gaillard helps to estimate the volume of wine that can be filtered by a winery, to control and optimise the assembly line preparation of wines. Different applications are studied. The water flowrate test allows a better control of clopping and of membrane regeneration. Regeneration technics by soaking in detergent solutions are studied and proposed.
Influence des teneurs en acide malique des moûts sur le dosage de l'acide tartrique par analyse en flux continu par colorimétrie avec le métavanadate
Authors: Trossais J. , Asselin Christian
Published: September 2016

Les auteurs ont constaté que la méthode en flux continu, qu'ils utilisent pour doser l'acide tartrique dans les moûts et les vins basée sur la réaction colorée avec le métavanadate et dérivée de la méthode rapide de BLOUIN-VIDAL ne donne pas satisfaction, Ils constatent des écarts inférieurs à 20 p. 100 par rapport à la méthode de REBELEIN qui repose sur le même principe. Ces écarts sont dûs à l'interférence des autres acides organiques du moût et du vin, notamment l'acide malique, interférence corrigée dans la méthode de REBELEIN. La comparaison des trois méthodes précitées les conduit à proposer pour la méthode en flux continu l'application d'un facteur correctif pour tenir compte de la présence de l'acide malique en concentration importante dans les moûts du Val de Loire.

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The authors noted that the continuous flow method based on the colorimetric method with metavanadate, derived from the method of BLOUIN-VIDAL, for the tartaric acid determination was not satisfactory. They noted variations, by 20 p. 100 lower, compared with the method of REBELEIN based on the same principe. These variations are due to the interference with the other organic acids of musts and wines, especially malic acid, which is limited in the method of REBELEIN. The comparison of the three methods induce the authors to propose for the continous flow method the utilisation of a factor to correct for the presence of malic acid at large concentration in the musts of Val de Loire.
Meteorological conditions determine the thermal-temporal position of the annual Botrytis bunch rot epidemic on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling grapes
Authors: Molitor Daniel , Baus Ottmar , Hoffmann Lucien , Beyer Marco
Published: September 2016

Aims:

Under Central European climatic conditions, bunch rot caused by Botrytis cinerea occurs virtually every season on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling grapes. Statistical investigations based on at least three annual disease severity assessments in 7 seasons (2007-2013) aimed at (i) simulating the disease progress and (ii) identifying meteorological conditions with predictive value for epidemics.

Methods and results:

Sigmoidal regression models were used to describe the disease progress as function of thermal time. Coefficients of determination were > 0.97. The thermal time adjusted pace of the epidemic was almost constant in all seasons while the point of time when 5% disease severity was reached varied among years. Window pane analyses showed that relatively low temperatures and wet conditions during bloom as well as relatively high temperatures and low precipitation sums around/after veraison were associated with thermal-temporally late epidemics.

Conclusions:

Environmental conditions determine the timing of annual bunch rot epidemics. Analyses indicate a strong link between meteorological conditions around grape bloom (probably affecting fruit set and cluster structure) and the predisposition of the grape clusters to bunch rot.

Significance and impact of the study:

The enhanced understanding of the effect of environmental conditions on the bunch rot epidemics supports growers to optimize control measures and is supposed to result in a Botrytis bunch rot model.
Design and Evaluation of Novel Textile Wearable Systems for the Surveillance of Vital Signals
Authors: Trindade Isabel G. , Machado da Silva José , Miguel Rui , Pereira Madalena , Lucas José , Oliveira Luís , Valentim Bruno , Barreto Jorge , Santos Silva Manuel
Published: September 2016

In this article we present the design and development of T-Shirt prototypes that embed novel textile sensors for the capture of cardio and respiratory signals. The sensors are connected through textile interconnects to either an embedded custom designed data acquisition and transmission unit or to snap fastener terminals for connection to external monitoring devices. Prototypes with diverse approaches of integration are presented. The performance of the wearable systems is addressed in terms of signal-to-noise ratio amplitude and signal interference caused by baseline wander and motion artifacts, through laboratorial tests with subjects in standing and walking conditions. Performance tests were also conducted in Hospital environment using a T-Shirt prototype connected to a commercial 3-channel Holter monitoring device. The textile sensors and interconnects were realized with the assistance of an industrial 6-needle digital embroidery tool and their resistance to wear addressed with normalized tests of laundering and abrasion. The main aspects of the system´s design leading to major improvements and failure factors are discussed. Pathways and methods for the overall system´s optimization are highlighted.
Comparison of Cluster Validity Measures Basedx-Means
Authors: Hamasuna Yukihiro ,   Department of Informatics, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Kinoshita Naohiko , Endo Yasunori ,   Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS),   Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba
Published: September 2016

Thex-means determines the suitable number of clusters automatically by executingk-means recursively. The Bayesian Information Criterion is applied to evaluate a cluster partition in thex-means. A novel type ofx-means clustering is proposed by introducing cluster validity measures that are used to evaluate the cluster partition and determine the number of clusters instead of the information criterion. The proposedx-means uses cluster validity measures in the evaluation step, and an estimation of the particular probabilistic model is therefore not required. The performances of a conventionalx-means and the proposed method are compared for crisp and fuzzy partitions using eight datasets. The comparison shows that the proposed method obtains better results than the conventional method, and that the cluster validity measures for a fuzzy partition are effective in the proposed method.
Studies on nitrogen and phosphorus management in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.emend Fiori & Paol) under rainfed conditions of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Panotra Narinder , Gupta Vinod , Sharma Vishal , Kumar Ashwani
Published: September 2016

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three levels each of nitrogen (0, 60 and 120 kg/ha) and phosphorus (0, 40 & 80 Kg/ha) on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.emend Fiori & Paol) cultivar ‘VL 907’ during Rabi 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Regional Agricultural Research Station Rajouri, SKUAST-Jammu under rainfed conditions of Jammu and Kashmir. Application of graded levels of nitrogen and phosphorus progressively improved growth and yield attributes but in a decreasing order. There was a progressive increase in grain yield of wheat with each increment from 60 to 120 kg N ha-1 from the crop fertilized being maximum from 120 kg P ha-1. Similarly, application of 80 kg/ha resulted higher grain yield than the yield obtained in control. Lowest plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length, dry matter per plant, number of grains per panicle, weight of grains per panicle, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield was observed in 0 and 50 per cent nitrogen and phosphours. Various crop traits such as number of fertile tillers, 1000-grain weight and number of grains per spike were significantly influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus application. Similarly, fertilization with at 120 kg N ha-1 and 80 kg P ha-1 maximally improved all these traits in both the years.