bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evolving landscape of children's librarians' use of new media with young children and their caregivers: A longitudinal study
Authors: Mills J. Elizabeth , Campana Katie , Martens Marianne , Haines Claudia
Published: February 2019

Technology is an integral part of our society and has taken root in various aspects of young children's lives. A 2014 nationwide survey of children's librarians' use of new media with young children and their caregivers established baseline results. An expanded version of this survey will be administered in August 2018 to provide a longitudinal view of children's librarians' use of new media with young children and their caregivers as well as insight into their role as media mentors–guiding families and modeling effective practices in working towards a balanced media diet for today's youth. This poster will provide the 2018 survey design and findings that will speak to change in practices and prevalence of technology from 2014 and provide selections from the emergent data regarding various new areas of inquiry around diversity, attitudes, and evaluation.
Wandering as information behavior in new environments
Authors: Oh Chiyoung , Butler Brian S. , Jean Beth St.
Published: February 2019

Today, more and more people migrate to different parts of the world. Previous studies showed that these newcomers use various online and social sources to acquire information in new countries, but a few recent studies have indicated that “wandering” is a type of information behavior that newcomers use to become familiar with their new environments. This paper extends our knowledge of wandering behavior by examining international newcomer students' wandering and information acquisition based on findings from a study of international students' information behavior. Also, we add to the existing literature on information behavior (IB) models and theoretical concepts by analyzing wandering through the lenses of Wilson's information behavior model and Erdelez's concept of information encountering.
Information porter: A study on intangible cultural heritage databases of provincial public libraries in china
Authors: Runhao Chen
Published: February 2019

Interest in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) from UNESCO and other groups has grown in recent years, precipitating the need for greater attention to digital ICH and ICH databases in this area. This research aims to measures the ICH databases, and to explore the role of public libraries in the protection of ICH. [Methodology] According to accessing the websites of 31 provincial public libraries in China, the study collects and analyses the names, copyright, metadata of the ICH databases. [Finding] The research finds that more than 60% provincial public libraries have ICH database, and there are three kinds of ICH database's name, the copyright of databases belongs to provincial public libraries, the National Cultural Information Resources Sharing Project, and Superstar Co., Ltd. The metadata used by each database is not uniform. [Conclusion] Those databases are still in the record stage, mainly for publicity and display ICH projects, can't reaching the goal of digital inheritance. The lack of national uniform standards also leads to disunity of naming and metadata on databases. Libraries just play the role of information porters without more innovations.
Computational social science using topic modeling: Analyzing patients' values using a large hospital survey
Authors: Shovkun Mariia , Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Xie Bo
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we explore new approaches for combining manual and automatic content analysis. We compare three approaches to topic modelling: Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP). We applied all three approaches to study a corpus of 21,085 free‐response answers to questions from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey. We built topic models using the algorithms. Our preliminary results indicate that LSA and LDA yielded more useful results than HDP. We thematically analyzed the topic models and found similarities and differences in the factors that influenced patients' satisfaction with doctors and nurses.
Augmented reality for library literacy: Collaborating for innovative instruction and content development
Authors: Traas Wendy , Kuskowski Alexandra , Meyers Eric M.
Published: February 2019

Although it is most often employed in informal settings, augmented reality (AR) is emerging as an exciting way to bring playful, engaging mobile technologies into formal learning environments, such as the academic library. In this poster we document a multi‐year design‐based exploration of augmented reality employed to enhance library‐based information literacy instruction. In a scholar‐practitioner partnership between an academic library and faculty and students in an MLIS program, the project team developed an iterative approach to designing, creating, and evaluating AR materials and an app that were integrated with the existing information literacy program at two branch libraries. The emphasis on learning outcomes, both for the participants of information literacy instruction sessions, as well as the MLIS students, differentiate this work from other AR projects that emphasize playful engagement over explicit skill development. We reflect on the affordances and constraints of using AR in academic libraries, as well as the value of scholar‐practitioner partnerships for enhancing library‐based instruction.
iWords: Exploring the interdisciplinary vocabularies of information research
Authors: Tulloch Bonnie , Shankar Saguna , Kaczmarek Michelle , Hoff Andrea , Nathan Lisa P.
Published: February 2019

Language presents an insightful lens through which to consider issues of identity and interdisciplinarity within the field of information science. Through a multiphase research project, we seek to facilitate discussion among practitioners, graduate students and faculty about the way words shape our conceptualizations of information research. This work reports on the theoretical underpinnings of our inquiry and provides preliminary results from the first phase of our project, which included a workshop with 22 members of the iSchool community. During this arts‐based workshop, participants created keyword cards and word dice to generate dialogues about the role of language in the field of information research. Moving forward, we will adopt a Social Interactional Approach (De Fina & Georgakopoulou, 2008) to the narrative analysis of these artefacts, exploring the ways scholars used them to frame their research and construct their professional identities.
Fake it to make it, media literacy, and persuasive design: Using the functional triad as a tool for investigating persuasive elements in a fake news simulator
Authors: Urban Alex , Hewitt Carl , Moore Joi
Published: February 2019

How can we motivate social media users to critically analyze potential misinformation? Video games may be one way. This project presents research on a social‐impact game, Fake It to Make It, which positions players as for‐profit misinformation disseminators. Drawing upon the BJ Fogg's Functional Triad for Persuasive Computers and paying particular attention to the usability and perceived credibility of Fake It to Make It, this research analyzed the game from a persuasive design lens using player‐participant data. This was accomplished through screen‐captured gameplay as well as interviews and retrospective think‐alouds. Additionally, to determine if the game affects abilities to assess claims on social media, pre‐ and post‐intervention media literacy assessments were utilized. With this data, the researchers provide design recommendations to increase usability, influence procedural knowledge on social media, and promote continued gameplay and greater emotional/behavioral impact.
Water insecurity and mental health in the Amazon: Economic and ecological drivers of distress
Authors: Tallman Paula Skye
Published: February 2019

Despite the abundance of water in the Amazon rainforest, people living in Awajún communities in northern Peru express concern over their water security. In this article, I employ a critical biocultural approach to examine how shifts from subsistence to market‐based livelihoods have created threats to water security that can “get under the skin” to influence the mental health of Awajún community members. Specifically, I show how highway construction, colonization, resource extraction, market integration, and overall transitions in settlement patterns have polluted rivers with sewage, refuse, and hazardous waste. I connect this broader context to ethnographic data from Awajún communities documenting struggles with water security in the form of contamination and accessibility. Finally, I quantitatively examine whether water insecurity scores are associated with psychological distress. Data drawn from 225 Awajún men and women from four communities in the province of Amazonas, Peru, revealed that higher water insecurity scores were associated with higher levels of perceived stress (β = 0.35, p < .01), depressive symptoms (OR = 1.32, p < .01), and somatic symptoms (OR = 1.51, p < .01). This study adds a critical political–economic perspective to anthropological literature focused on water insecurity and distress and advocates for future subdisciplinary collaborations to address growing concerns with the contamination and accessibility of local water sources.
Fe(OTf)3: An Efficient Catalyst for Michael Addition Reactions of Homoaromatic C‐H Nucleophiles with Nitrostyrenes under Microwave Irradiation in Solvent‐Free Condition
Authors: Bhuyan Pubanita , Bhuyan Amar J. , Nyodu Mimik , Chelleng Nilamoni , Saikia Lakhinath
Published: February 2019

Available procedures for Michael addition reaction of homoaromatic C−H nucleophiles (N,N‐dialkylanilines and their cyclic analogues) with nitrostyrenes are observed to be very time consuming (18‐72 h). So, a gentle effort has been made to reduce the time requirement, which is reported herein. Our developed methodology makes use of commercially available Fe(OTf)3 as an efficient catalyst (5 mol%) under microwave irradiation (700 W, 120 °C) and solvent‐free condition and found to be capable of furnishing the Michael adducts in 40–98% yields within 10–20 minutes (19 examples). The regioselectivity of addition of N,N‐dialkylanilines and their cyclic analogues to nitrostyrene derivatives is observed to be exclusively para. The methodology can be extended to the use of cinnamaldehyde as Michael acceptor (2 examples). Three of our Michael addition products are denitrohydrogenated to achieve their corresponding alkylated arenes which paves an effective two‐step synthetic route for p‐alkylated N,N‐dilalkylanilines. Ability to reduce the time requirement by a huge margin (from days to minutes), exclusion of solvent system, exclusive para addition of the homoaromatics to nitrostyrenes are the features of attraction of the developed methodology. The proposed two‐step procedure for regioselective synthesis of p‐alkylated N,N‐dialkylanilines should attract readers’ attention.
The Impact of a Dynamic Two‐Step Solution Process on Film Formation of Cs0.15(MA0.7FA0.3)0.85PbI3 Perovskite and Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Bing Jueming , Kim Jincheol , Zhang Meng , Zheng Jianghui , Lee Da Seul , Cho Yongyoon , Deng Xiaofan , Lau Cho Fai Jonathan , Li Yong , Green Martin A. , Huang Shujuan , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y.
Published: February 2019

This paper provides deep understanding of the formation mechanism of perovskite film fabricated by sequential solution‐based methods. It compares two sequential spin‐coating methods for Cs0.15(MA0.7FA0.3)0.85PbI3 perovskite. First is the “static process,” with a stoppage between the two spin‐coating steps (1st PbI2‐CsI‐dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and 2nd methylammonium iodide (MAI)‐formamidinium iodide (FAI)‐isopropyl alcohol). Second is the “dynamic process,” where the 2nd precursor is dispensed while the substrate is still spinning from the 1st step. For the first time, such a dynamic process is used for Cs0.15(MA0.7FA0.3)0.85PbI3 perovskite. Characterizations reveal improved film formation with the dynamic process due to the “retainment” of DMSO‐complex necessary for the intermediate phase which i) promotes intercalation between precursors and ii) slows down perovskite crystallization for full conversion. The comparison on as‐deposited perovskite before annealing indicates a more ordered film using this dynamic process. This results in a thicker, more uniform film with higher degree of preferred crystal orientation and higher carrier lifetime after annealing. Therefore, dynamic‐processed devices present better performance repeatability, achieving a higher average efficiency of 17.0% compared to static ones (15.0%). The new insights provided by this work are important for perovskite solar cells processed sequentially as the process has greater flexibility in resolving solvent incompatibility, allowing separate optimizations and allowing different deposition methods.
Volume‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Viruses
Authors: Zhang Xingang , Zhang Xiaolei , Luo Changliang , Liu Zhengqi , Chen Yiyun , Dong Shilian , Jiang Changzhong , Yang Shikuan , Wang Fubing , Xiao Xiangheng
Published: February 2019

Virus detection and analysis are of critical importance in biological fields and medicine. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has shown great promise in small molecule and even single molecule detection, and can provide fingerprint signals of molecules. Despite the powerful detection capabilities of SERS, the size discrepancy between the SERS “hot spots” (generally, <10 nm) and viruses (usually, sub‐100 nm) yields poor detection reliability of viruses. Inspired by the concept of molecular imprinting, a volume‐enhanced Raman scattering (VERS) substrate composed of hollow nanocones at the bottom of microbowls (HNCMB) is developed. The hollow nanocones of the resulting VERS substrates serve a twofold purpose: 1) extending the region of Raman signal enhancement from the nanocone surface (e.g., surface “hot spots”) to the hollow area within the cone (e.g., volume “hot spots”)—a novel method of Raman signal enhancement, and 2) directing analyte such as viruses of a wide range of sizes to those VERS “hot spots” while simultaneously increasing the surface area contributing to SERS. Using HNCMB VERS substrates, greatly improved Raman signals of single viruses are demonstrated, an achievement with important implications in disease diagnostics and monitoring, biomedical fields, as well as in clinical treatment.
Tuning the performance of a computational persistent homology package
Authors: Hylton Alan , Henselman‐Petrusek Gregory , Sang Janche , Short Robert
Published: February 2019

In recent years, persistent homology has become an attractive method for data analysis. It captures topological features, such as connected components, holes, and voids, from point cloud data and summarizes the way in which these features appear and disappear in a filtration sequence. In this project, we focus on improving the performance of Eirene, a computational package for persistent homology. Eirene is a 5000‐line open‐source software library implemented in the dynamic programming language Julia. We use the Julia profiling tools to identify performance bottlenecks and develop novel methods to manage them, including the parallelization of some time‐consuming functions on multicore/manycore hardware. Empirical results show that performance can be greatly improved.
Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes in the Synthesis of Carbocycles
Authors: Ivanova Olga A. , Trushkov Igor V.
Published: February 2019

Donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes not only participate in a broad range of ring openings with nucleophiles, electrophiles, radical and red‐ox agents, but also are excellent substrates for various (3+n)‐cycloaddition and (3+n)‐annulation processes. Moreover, under treatment with Lewis acid donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes can produce new ring systems via isomerization or cyclodimerization. Authors’ contribution to the synthesis of diverse carbocycles from donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes is summarized in this account.
Analytical and finite element solution of the sliding frictional contact problem for a homogeneous orthotropic coating‐isotropic substrate system
Authors: Yilmaz K. B. , Çömez İ. , Güler M. A. , Yildirim B.
Published: February 2019

In this study, the contact problem for a homogeneous orthotropic coating‐isotropic substrate system is considered. The rigid stamp slides over the orthotropic coating whose bottom surface is bonded to a homogeneous isotropic substrate. The bottom surface of the substrate is fixed to the ground. By using Fourier integral transforms, the partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The displacement components for coating and substrate are obtained by solving the corresponding ODEs. A numerical study based on finite element analysis (FEA) is also conducted. The results from the analytical formulation are directly compared with the FEA results. The effects of orthotropic and isotropic material properties, coefficient of friction between the sliding surfaces, geometrical properties on the contact stresses and contact widths are presented. The results of this study may help tribology engineers to understand the deformation characteristics of the coating‐substrate systems and enhance their knowledge on friction and wear mechanisms of sliding surfaces.
COUGAR CREEK: QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF OBSIDIAN USE IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM
Authors: MacDonald Douglas H. , Horton Elizabeth A. , Surovell Todd A.
Published: February 2019

With more than 15 sources of obsidian and other lithic materials, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem of Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho is one of the richest toolstone regions in northwestern North America. This article introduces a quantitative assessment technique to compare attributes of seven Yellowstone obsidians used by Native Americans over at least 11,000 years. The proposed assessment technique is replicable and adaptable to other regions. This article also analyzes the procurement, use, and distribution of the poorly studied Cougar Creek obsidian. Archaeological research documented Cougar Creek obsidian outcrops, procurement areas, and secondary processing sites. Native Americans acquired the material at surface exposures, as well as occasional trench and pit excavations. There is a significant distance decay reduction in its use, especially when compared with Obsidian Cliff obsidian. Using a weighted z-score analysis, the material attributes of Cougar Creek were compared with those of six regional obsidians to determine the factors involved in their differential use. Based on these rankings, Cougar Creek obsidian experienced low demand and usage due to poor quality and availability. In contrast, due to their high quality, abundance, and aesthetics, Obsidian Cliff and Bear Gulch obsidians were preferred for stone tool production.
THE BIRCH CREEK CANIDS AND DOGS AS TRANSPORT LABOR IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST
Authors: Welker Martin H. , Byers David A.
Published: February 2019

Historically, domestic dogs(Canis familiaris)have been documented as central features of Intermountain West and Great Plains Native American camps. Some of these dogs were bred specifically for largeness and stamina to haultravoisand to carry pannier-style packs. Ethnographic accounts frequently highlight the importance of dogs in moving through the Intermountain West and the plains, reporting loads as heavy as 45 kg (100 lbs). We calculated body mass from skeletal morphometric data and used these to estimate prehistoric and historic dog load capacities for travois and pannier-style packs in the Intermountain West, Great Plains, and Great Basin. Specimens of large dogs recovered from sites in the Birch Creek Valley in Idaho and on the Great Plains indicate the animals could carry weights comparable to ethnographically recorded loads. Further, direct dating of the Birch Creek dog specimens indicated that dogs of this size have been present in the Intermountain West for more than 3,000 years. These data have important implications for our understanding of prehistoric mobility in the Intermountain West and the plains and suggest that the use of dogs in transporting cargo may have begun as early as 5,000 years ago.
An asymmetric St. Petersburg game with trimming
Authors: Gut Allan , Martin-Löf Anders
Published: February 2019

Let Sn,n≥1, be the successive sums of the payoffs in the classical St. Petersburg game. The celebrated Feller weak law states that Sn∕(nlog2n)→ℙ1 as n→∞. In this paper we review some earlier results of ours and extend some of them as we consider an asymmetric St. Petersburg game, in which the distribution of the payoff X is given by ℙ(X=srk-1)=pqk-1,k=1,2,…, where p+q=1 and s,r>0. Two main results are extensions of the Feller weak law and the convergence in distribution theorem of Martin-Löf (1985). Moreover, it is well known that almost-sure convergence fails, though Csörgő and Simons (1996) showed that almost-sure convergence holds for trimmed sums and also for sums trimmed by an arbitrary fixed number of maxima. In view of the discreteness of the distribution we focus on `max-trimmed sums', that is, on the sums trimmed by the random number of observations that are equal to the largest one, and prove limit theorems for simply trimmed sums, for max-trimmed sums, as well as for the `total maximum'. Analogues with respect to the random number of summands equal to the minimum are also obtained and, finally, for joint trimming.
Asymptotics of fluctuations in Crump‒Mode‒Jagers processes: the lattice case
Authors: Janson Svante
Published: February 2019

Consider a supercritical Crump‒Jagers process in which all births are at integer times (the lattice case). Let μ̂(z) be the generating function of the intensity of the offspring process, and consider the complex roots of μ̂(z)=1. The root of smallest absolute value is e-α=1∕m, where α>0 is the Malthusian parameter; let γ* be the root of second smallest absolute value. Subject to some technical conditions, the second-order fluctuations of the age distribution exhibit one of three types of behaviour: (i) when γ*>e-α∕2=m-1∕2, they are asymptotically normal; (ii) when γ*=e-α∕2, they are still asymptotically normal, but with a larger variance; and (iii) when γ*<e-α∕2, the fluctuations are in general oscillatory and (degenerate cases excluded) do not converge in distribution. This trichotomy is similar to what has been observed in related situations, such as some other branching processes and for Pólya urns. The results lead to a symbolic calculus describing the limits. The asymptotic results also apply to the total of other (random) characteristics of the population.
The time to absorption in Λ-coalescents
Authors: Kersting Götz , Wakolbinger Anton
Published: February 2019

We present a law of large numbers and a central limit theorem for the time to absorption of Λ-coalescents with dust started from n blocks, as n→∞. The proofs rely on an approximation of the logarithm of the block-counting process by means of a drifted subordinator.
Rank-dependent Galton‒Watson processes and their pathwise duals
Authors: Sagitov Serik , Jagers Jonas
Published: February 2019

We introduce a modified Galton‒Watson process using the framework of an infinite system of particles labelled by (x,t), wherexis the rank of the particle born at timet. The key assumption concerning the offspring numbers of different particles is that they are independent, but their distributions may depend on the particle label (x,t). For the associated system of coupled monotone Markov chains, we address the issue of pathwise duality elucidated by a remarkable graphical representation in which the trajectories of the primary Markov chains and their duals coalesce to form forest graphs on a two-dimensional grid.
The weak law of large numbers for nonnegative summands
Authors: Seneta Eugene
Published: February 2019

Khintchine's (necessary and sufficient) slowly varying function condition for the weak law of large numbers (WLLN) for the sum of n nonnegative, independent and identically distributed random variables is used as an overarching (sufficient) condition for the case that the number of summands is more generally [cn],cn→∞. Either the norming sequence {an},an→∞, or the number of summands sequence {cn}, can be chosen arbitrarily. This theorem generalizes results from a motivating branching process setting in which Khintchine's sufficient condition is automatically satisfied. A second theorem shows that Khintchine's condition is necessary for the generalized WLLN when it holds with cn→∞ and an→∞. Theorem 3, which is known, gives a necessary and sufficient condition for Khintchine's WLLN to hold with cn=n and an a specific function of n; it is extended to general cn subject to a growth restriction in Theorem 4. Section 6 returns to the branching process setting.
Sensitivity analysis and passive control of the secondary instability in the wake of a cylinder
Authors: Giannetti F. , Camarri S. , Citro V.
Published: February 2019

The stability properties of selected flow configurations, usually denoted as base flows, can be significantly altered by small modifications of the flow, which can be caused, for instance, by a non-intrusive passive control. This aspect is amply demonstrated in the literature by ad hoc sensitivity studies which, however, focus on configurations characterised by a steady base flow. Nevertheless, several flow configurations of interest are characterised by a time-periodic base flow. To this purpose, we propose here an original theoretical framework suitable to quantify the effects of base-flow variations in the stability properties of saturated time-periodic limit cycles. In particular, starting from a Floquet analysis of the linearised Navier–Stokes equations and using adjoint methods, it is possible to estimate the variation of a selected Floquet exponent caused by a generic structural perturbation of the base-flow equations. This link is expressed concisely using the adjoint operators coming from the analysis, and the final result, when applied to spatially localised disturbances, is used to build spatial sensitivity and control maps. These maps identify the regions of the flow where the placement of a infinitesimal small object produces the largest effect on the Floquet exponent and may also provide a quantification of this effect. Such analysis brings useful insights both for passive control strategies and for further characterising the investigated instability. As an example of application, the proposed analysis is applied here to the three-dimensional flow instabilities in the wake past a circular cylinder. This is a classical problem which has been widely studied in the literature. Nevertheless, by applying the proposed analysis we derive original results comprising a further characterisation of the instability and related control maps. We finally show that the control maps obtained here are in very good agreement with control experiments documented in the literature.
Axisymmetric flows in the exterior of a cylinder
Authors: Abe K. , Seregin G.
Published: February 2019

We study an initial-boundary value problem of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in the exterior of a cylinder$\Pi =\{x=(x_{h}, x_3)\ \vert \vert x_{h} \vert \gt 1\}$, subject to the slip boundary condition. We construct unique global solutions for axisymmetric initial data$u_0\in L^{3}\cap L^{2}(\Pi )$satisfying the decay condition of the swirl component$ru^{\theta }_{0}\in L^{\infty }(\Pi )$.
Preventative and medical treatment of ear disease in remote or resource-constrained environments
Authors: Brophy-Williams S , Jarosz K , Sommer J , Leach A J , Morris P S
Published: February 2019

Background

Important ear problems can affect the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. Globally, the greatest burden of disease is due to ear conditions that are associated with otorrhoea and hearing loss.

Methods

This study reviewed the literature on the prevention and treatment of common ear conditions that are most relevant to settings with high rates of ear disease and limited resources. The grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (‘GRADE’) approach was utilised to assess interventions.

Results

Accurate diagnosis of ear disease is challenging. Much of the preventable burden of ear disease is associated with otitis media. Nine otitis media interventions for which there is moderate to high certainty of effect were identified. While most interventions only provide modest benefit, the impact of treatment is more substantial in children with acute otitis media with perforation and chronic suppurative otitis media.

Conclusion

Disease prevention through good hygiene practices, breastfeeding, reducing smoke exposure, immunisation and limiting noise exposure is recommended. Children with acute otitis media with perforation, chronic suppurative otitis media, complications of otitis media, and significant hearing loss should be prioritised for medical treatment.
Controlling active ageing: a study of social imaginaries of older people in Chile
Authors: Meersohn Schmidt Cynthia , Yang Keming
Published: February 2019

A key issue in understanding the social lives of older people is how active they are in coping with the demands of ageing. Often the ‘successfulness’ of ageing is measured with medical and biological criteria. While the notion of ‘active ageing’ is more appealing and neutral, its meaning is often obscured, fragmented or inconsistent. Our aims in this study were to establish ‘active ageing’ as a process in which older people try to take control of their lives by conforming to or resisting different social imaginaries of later life, and to explore individuals’ strategies for making the best use of available resources and fending off potential risks of social exclusion. We adopted a two-stage research design. First, we produced artistic images that corresponded to social imaginaries of tensions in ageing in three social domains (politics, mass media and older people). Then, we used these images as stimuli in interviews with a balanced sample of 32 middle-aged and older residents of Santiago, Chile, to discover their strategies for coping with these tensions. Although imaginaries of ageing tended to describe ageing in terms of restrictions and stereotypes, we found diverse and increasingly flexible life projects and expectations of activity in later life.
PROCESSING INSTRUCTION AND THE EFFECTS OF INPUT MODALITY AND VOICE FAMILIARITY ON THE ACQUISITION OF THE FRENCH CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Ito Kiwako , Wong Wynne
Published: February 2019

Two eye-tracking experiments tested (a) whether L2 learners benefit from the consistency of input modality (auditory instead of written processing instruction [PI] training) and (b) whether they benefit from training using the same voice as the test voice. Results confirmed a robust effect of PI training on picture-selection accuracy, yet the improvement did not differ between training modalities. Eye-tracking data revealed resilient looks to the incorrect (first noun = agent) picture even after training, demonstrating the challenge in tuning to the grammatical forms while processing auditory L2 input. The effect of voice familiarity was larger for the male voice, which had longer duration for the later cue (à Marie/Pierre) than the female voice. Auditory PI training can be as effective as written PI training, but it does not immediately enhance learners’ sensitivity to grammatical cues. However, learners may benefit from hearing a salient grammatical cue toward the end of the sentence.
Editorial
Authors: BRINTON LAUREL J. , HONEYBONE PATRICK , KORTMANN BERND , SEOANE ELENA
Published: February 2019

English Language and Linguistics is going from strength to strength. The journal is now in its twenty-third year, and the number of submissions to ELL is steadily increasing. This has led to two developments (both very welcome) which we thought we should let readers know about in this short editorial. We first set out a little background.
Analysis of Natural Rutile (TiO2) by Laser-assisted Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Verberne Rick , Saxey David W. , Reddy Steven M. , Rickard William D. A. , Fougerouse Denis , Clark Chris
Published: February 2019

Since the introduction of laser-assisted atom probe, analysis of nonconductive materials by atom probe tomography (APT) has become more routine. To obtain high-quality data, a number of acquisition variables needs to be optimized for the material of interest, and for the specific question being addressed. Here, the rutile (TiO2) reference material ‘Windmill Hill Quartzite,’ used for secondary ion mass spectrometry U–Pb dating and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, was analyzed by laser-assisted APT to constrain optimal running conditions. Changes in acquisition parameters such as laser energy and detection rate are evaluated in terms of their effect on background noise, ionization state, hit-multiplicity, and thermal tails. Higher laser energy results in the formation of more complex molecular ions and affects the ionization charge state. At lower energies, background noise and hit-multiplicity increase, but thermal tails shorten. There are also correlations between the acquisition voltage and several of these metrics, which remain to be fully understood. The results observed when varying the acquisition parameters will be discussed in detail in the context of utilizing APT analysis of rutile within geology.
SMOOTH VALUES OF POLYNOMIALS
Authors: BOBER J. W. , FRETWELL D. , MARTIN G. , WOOLEY T. D.
Published: February 2019

Given $f\in \mathbb{Z}[t]$ of positive degree, we investigate the existence of auxiliary polynomials $g\in \mathbb{Z}[t]$ for which $f(g(t))$ factors as a product of polynomials of small relative degree. One consequence of this work shows that for any quadratic polynomial $f\in \mathbb{Z}[t]$ and any $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}>0$, there are infinitely many $n\in \mathbb{N}$ for which the largest prime factor of $f(n)$ is no larger than $n^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}}$.
A MODULAR PROOF OF TWO OF RAMANUJAN’S FORMULAE FOR
Authors: ZHAO YUE
Published: February 2019

In this article, we give new proofs of two of Ramanujan’s $1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$ formulae $$\begin{eqnarray}\frac{1}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}}=\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{99^{2}}\mathop{\sum }_{m=0}^{\infty }(26390m+1103)\frac{(4m)!}{396^{4m}(m!)^{4}}\end{eqnarray}$$ and $$\begin{eqnarray}\frac{1}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}}=\frac{2}{84^{2}}\mathop{\sum }_{m=0}^{\infty }(21460m+1123)\frac{(-1)^{m}(4m)!}{(84\sqrt{2})^{4m}(m!)^{4}}\end{eqnarray}$$ using the theory of modular forms. The method can also be used to prove other classical $1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$ formulae.
ON THE NUMBER OF SUBSEMIGROUPS OF DIRECT PRODUCTS INVOLVING THE FREE MONOGENIC SEMIGROUP
Authors: CLAYTON ASHLEY , RUŠKUC NIK
Published: February 2019

The direct product$\mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}$of two free monogenic semigroups contains uncountably many pairwise nonisomorphic subdirect products. Furthermore, the following hold for$\mathbb{N}\times S$, where$S$is a finite semigroup. It contains only countably many pairwise nonisomorphic subsemigroups if and only if$S$is a union of groups. And it contains only countably many pairwise nonisomorphic subdirect products if and only if every element of$S$has a relative left or right identity element.
Libraries at Work: Exploring the Relationship Between Libraries and Work
Authors: John Gemma
Published: February 2019

This paper, written by Gemma John and based on her keynote address at BIALL's 49th Annual Study Conference held in Birmingham in June 2018, explores the value of offices and libraries as spaces for meeting, sharing and learning in a moment when new technology enables individuals to access information anywhere, anytime, at the click of a mouse. Drawing on first-hand material from research, policy and projects, it explores the transformation of offices and libraries as workspaces, and the place of offices in the library and of libraries in the office. It focuses on how both offices and libraries are being designed for productivity as the boundary between work and home begins to blur in the United Kingdom.
Reaching and Teaching Millennials: Designing the Future of Student Services
Authors: Detweiler Brian , Mattioli Kimberly , Martinez Mike
Published: February 2019

Today's students have come to expect library services that are quite different from their predecessors and law librarians must evolve to meet their needs. As law libraries in the United States face the realities of declining enrolment and decreasing budgets, it is imperative that we find new and creative ways to build positive relationships with our students while also preparing them for the realities of practicing law in an environment driven by rapid technological change. Three law librarians from the United States, Brian Detweiler, Kimberly Mattioli, and Mike Martinez, Jr., discuss their successes and failures in reaching out to their student populations, creating and evaluating various student-centred instructional programmes, and in establishing a strategic plan to meet the needs of millennial law students.
The Legal Career (R)Evolution and Mentoring Through Technology
Authors: Hemming Ann , Wilkinson James
Published: February 2019

Technology is transforming the way legal work is being delivered. It is influencing what law firms, clients and legal departments are expecting of their employees and what employees are expecting of their employers. It is reshaping legal education and careers; lawyers are becoming legal knowledge engineers, information professionals and knowledge managers are working closer than ever with IT teams. In this article, Ann Hemming and James Wilkinson will be considering lawyers’ training and BIALL members’ role in the landscape being reshaped by legal technology.
InfoTrack: the Rise and Rise of Disruption
Authors: Vickery Barry
Published: February 2019

In this article, Barry Vickery explains the history of InfoTrack during his tenure as General Manager of Corporate Services, and outlines the reasons for their success. Barry will discuss the world of technology and how, by understanding the blend of law firms’ needs, customer insight and technology, InfoTrack are disrupting the legal market.
Revisiting Anglicanism’s Vocation to Disappear
Authors: Schlesinger Eugene R.
Published: February 2019

In face of uncertainty about the Anglican Communion’s future, this article attempts to rearticulate a vision of Anglicanism’s vocation in terms of its incompleteness and provisionality. Drawing from the thought of Michael Ramsey, Ephraim Radner and Paul Avis, I suggest that Anglicanism’s vocation, like that of any church, is to disappear. At the same time, it is a vocation tempered by the knowledge that, even in its incompleteness and provisionality, Anglicanism has a pastoral responsibility to provide care for the Christians within the Communion. Finally, this is a penitent vocation, and one which is held out as an invitation to all Christian churches.
Der Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire
Authors: Hartmann Andrea Sabrina
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Eine Körperbildstörung ist ein Symptom unterschiedlicher psychischer Störungen. Im deutschen Sprachraum fehlt ein Instrument, das die Körperbildstörung transdiagnostisch, global und unter Einbezug des Ausmaßes des Leidens und der Beeinträchtigung erfasst. Der aus dem Englischen übersetzte Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) wurde in mehreren Teilstudien zusammen mit inhaltlich verwandten Instrumenten bei erwachsenen Männern und Frauen eingesetzt ( N = 997). In einer Studie wurde der BIDQ erneut nach 4 Wochen von einem Anteil der Teilnehmenden ( n = 68) ausgefüllt. Die bestätigte einfaktorielle Struktur des BIDQ zeigte eine exzellente interne Konsistenz (α = .92) und kurzfristige Stabilität ( r = .89, p < .001). Er korrelierte signifikant mit spezifischen Körperbildkomponenten, körperbildassoziierter Psychopathologie und psychosozialem Wohlbefinden (BMI: .16 ≤  r ≤ .70; Essstörungspsychopathologie: alle p < .001). Der deutsche BIDQ erfasst erfolgreich transdiagnostisch die Schwere einer Körperbildstörung. Nach erwiesener Veränderungssensitivität kann er auch im Rahmen der Verlaufsdiagnostik bei der Behandlung unterschiedlicher psychischer Störungen eingesetzt werden.
Wind Synoptic Activity Increases Oxygen Levels in the Tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Duteil Olaf
Published: February 2019

The mechanisms controlling the variability of oxygen levels in the ocean are poorly quantified. I focus here on the impact of wind synoptic variability associated with tropical convective regions and extratropical storms. Removing the wind higher frequencies of variability (2 days to 1 month) in an atmosphere reanalysis used to force an ocean model decreases wind stress by up to 20% in the tropics and 50% in the midlatitudes, weakening wind‐driven ocean circulation by 20%. Oxygen levels decrease by up to 10 mmol/m3 in tropical oceans and 30 mmol/m3 in subtropical gyres mainly due to changes in advective processes. While a large part of the tropical oxygen anomaly has local origins, changes in oxygen levels in the subtropical gyres modulate tropical oxygen distribution. This study suggests that the “storminess” of the ocean is an important parameter that could determine the future evolution of poorly oxygenated regions.
Abnormal Gravity Wave Activity in the Stratosphere Prior to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes
Authors: Yang Shih‐Sian , Asano Tomokazu , Hayakawa Masashi
Published: February 2019

Earthquake (EQ) prediction is an essential topic in recent geophysics and disaster management. In order to explain EQ precursory phenomena, especially the ionospheric perturbations, a few hypotheses have been proposed as the mechanism of lithosphere‐atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling. The most reliable seems to be the atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) hypothesis, because a lot of subionospheric very low frequency (VLF) observations and also ground surface measurements support this hypothesis. However, no direct signature of AGW activity in the middle atmosphere has been yet obtained. So in this study, we have used the ERA5 reanalysis data to investigate the tempo‐spatial evolution of stratospheric AGW activity before a recent huge seismic event of the 2016 Kumamoto EQ on 15 April (Mw7.2). It was found that the AGW potential energy is enhanced significantly during about 1 week before the EQ. The enhancement was mainly distributed around the EQ epicenter and expanded toward eastern Japan. The AGW activity was highest around 11 April, then it calmed down and returned to the background level right before the EQ. These results were compared with the subionospheric VLF observations during the same period, and then the tempo‐spatial evolutions of the lower ionospheric perturbation are found to be very consistent with the stratospheric behavior. The present paper reports on the first finding that the abnormal AGW activity in the stratosphere is detected before a major EQ, and the coincidence of stratospheric AGW activity with VLF subionospheric perturbations provides further support to the AGW hypothesis of the lithosphere‐atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling process.
Thermal Conductivity Anomaly in (Fe0.78Mg0.22)CO3 Siderite Across Spin Transition of Iron
Authors: Chao Keng‐Hsien , Hsieh Wen‐Pin
Published: February 2019

Siderite was proposed to be an important mantle carbon‐hosting mineral in Earth's deep carbon cycle. It undergoes a pressure‐induced spin transition of iron around 40–55 GPa, through which many physical properties change drastically. Thermal conductivity of mantle minerals is key to control temperature profiles and thermal evolution in the mantle and subducting slabs. However, the lattice thermal conductivity of iron‐bearing carbonates under relevant mantle conditions has never been investigated. Here we combined high‐pressure diamond‐anvil cell, Raman spectroscopy, and ultrafast optical pump‐probe method to measure the lattice thermal conductivity of siderite to 67 GPa at room temperature. We found that during the spin transition the thermal conductivity varies significantly with the extent of low‐spin state, which is largely different from that of the lower‐mantle ferropericlase. Our results further suggest that when the siderite is transported to depths of 1,400–1,800 km, such thermal conductivity anomaly within a narrow pressure range may induce anomalies in local thermochemical profiles and alter the distribution fields of subducting minerals, which in turn would influence the fate of carbonates in global carbon cycle.
Climate Modeling Pioneer Leads as Role Model Too
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: February 2019

For 60 years atmospheric scientist Warren�M. Washington has conducted groundbreaking climate modeling—and launched brilliant careers.
Risk gene-set and pathways in 22q11.2 deletion-related schizophrenia: a genealogical molecular approach
Authors: Michaelovsky Elena , Carmel Miri , Frisch Amos , Salmon-Divon Mali , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Weizman Abraham , Gothelf Doron
Published: February 2019

The 22q11.2 deletion is a strong, but insufficient, “first hit” genetic risk factor for schizophrenia (SZ). We attempted to identify “second hits” from the entire genome in a unique multiplex 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) family. Bioinformatic analysis of whole-exome sequencing and comparative-genomic hybridization array identified de novo and inherited, rare and damaging variants, including copy number variations, outside the 22q11.2 region. A specific 22q11.2-haplotype was associated with psychosis. The interaction of the identified “second hits” with the 22q11.2 haploinsufficiency may affect neurodevelopmental processes, including neuron projection, cytoskeleton activity, and histone modification in 22q11.2DS-ralated psychosis. A larger load of variants, involved in neurodevelopment, in combination with additional molecular events that affect sensory perception, olfactory transduction and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling may account for the development of 22q11.2DS-related SZ. Comprehensive analysis of multiplex families is a promising approach to the elucidation of the molecular pathophysiology of 22q11.2DS-related SZ with potential relevance to treatment.
Virus and bacteria inactivation by CO2 bubbles in solution
Authors: Garrido Sanchis Adrian , Pashley Richard , Ninham Barry
Published: February 2019

The availability of clean water is a major problem facing the world. In particular, the cost and destruction caused by viruses in water remains an unresolved challenge and poses a major limitation on the use of recycled water. Here, we develop an environmentally friendly technology for sterilising water. The technology bubbles heated un-pressurised carbon dioxide or exhaust gases through wastewater in a bubble column, effectively destroying both bacteria and viruses. The process is extremely cost effective, with no concerning by-products, and has already been successfully scaled-up industrially.