bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A miniaturized feedstocks-to-fuels pipeline for screening the efficiency of deconstruction and microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Pidatala Venkataramana R. , Lei Mengziang , Choudhary Hemant , Petzold Christopher J. , Garcia Martin Hector , Simmons Blake A. , Gladden John M. , Rodriguez Alberto
Published: October 2024

Sustainably grown biomass is a promising alternative to produce fuels and chemicals and reduce the dependency on fossil energy sources. However, the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and bioproducts often requires extensive testing of components and reaction conditions used in the pretreatment, saccharification, and bioconversion steps. This restriction can result in a significant and unwieldy number of combinations of biomass types, solvents, microbial strains, and operational parameters that need to be characterized, turning these efforts into a daunting and time-consuming task. Here we developed a high-throughput feedstocks-to-fuels screening platform to address these challenges. The result is a miniaturized semi-automated platform that leverages the capabilities of a solid handling robot, a liquid handling robot, analytical instruments, and a centralized data repository, adapted to operate as an ionic-liquid-based biomass conversion pipeline. The pipeline was tested by using sorghum as feedstock, the biocompatible ionic liquid cholinium phosphate as pretreatment solvent, a “one-pot” process configuration that does not require ionic liquid removal after pretreatment, and an engineered strain of the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides that produces the jet-fuel precursor bisabolene as a conversion microbe. By the simultaneous processing of 48 samples, we show that this configuration and reaction conditions result in sugar yields (~70%) and bisabolene titers (~1500 mg/L) that are comparable to the efficiencies observed at larger scales but require only a fraction of the time. We expect that this Feedstocks-to-Fuels pipeline will become an effective tool to screen thousands of bioenergy crop and feedstock samples and assist process optimization efforts and the development of predictive deconstruction approaches.
Characterization of somatic mutations in sporadic uveal melanoma and uveal melanoma in patients with germline BAP1 pathogenic variants
Authors: Wadt Karin A. W. , Harbst Katja , Sjøl Mette M. B. , Rosengren Frida , Yde Christina Westmose , Rohrberg Kristoffer Staal , Jensen Marlene Richter , Heegaard Steffen , Kiilgaard Jens Folke , Gerdes Anne-Marie , Hayward Nicholas , Jönsson Göran B.
Published: October 2024

Genetic analyses were conducted on tumor samples from 88 patients with uveal melanoma (UM), 6 of whom carry pathogenic germline variants in BAP1. We assessed the frequency, pattern, and prognostic significance of somatic aberrations, and investigated differences between germline BAP1 variant carriers compared to sporadic cases. The frequency of the main oncogenic driver mutations was not significantly different between these groups. Patients with germline BAP1 variants did not have significantly different overall survival compared to the wildtype or somatic BAP1 mutation groups. Patients with a somatic BAP1 mutation (n = 24) had a significantly worse prognosis compared to wildtype (n = 58). All patients with stage III tumors and a somatic BAP1 mutation (n = 7) developed metastasis, however four of 28 stage I-II tumors without metastasis had somatic BAP1 mutations, with observation time >5 years. The tumor from one germline BAP1 carrier (stage IIIC) with a somatic EIF1AX splice variant, has not developed metastasis within a 22-year observation time.
A computational and machine learning approach to identify GPR40-targeting agonists for neurodegenerative disease treatment
Authors: Siddiqui Arif Jamal , Badraoui Riadh , Alshahrani Mohammed Merae , Snoussi Mejdi , Jahan Sadaf , Siddiqui Maqsood Ahmed , Khan Andleeb , Sulieman Abdel Moneim E. , Adnan Mohd
Published: October 2024

The G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is known to exert a significant influence on neurogenesis and neurodevelopment within the central nervous system of both humans and rodents. Research findings indicate that the activation of GPR40 by an agonist has been observed to promote the proliferation and viability of hypothalamus cells in the human body. The objective of the present study is to discover new agonist compounds for the GPR40 protein through the utilization of machine learning and pharmacophore-based screening techniques, in conjunction with other computational methodologies such as docking, molecular dynamics simulations, free energy calculations, and investigations of the free energy landscape. In the course of our investigation, we successfully identified five unreported agonist compounds that exhibit robust docking score, displayed stability in ligand RMSD and consistent hydrogen bonding with the receptor in the MD trajectories. Free energy calculations were observed to be higher than control molecule. The measured binding affinities of compounds namely 1, 3, 4, 6 and 10 were -13.9, -13.5, -13.4, -12.9, and -12.1 Kcal/mol, respectively. The identified molecular agonist that has been found can be assessed in terms of its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of neurological diseases.
Unveiling the synergy: Green finance, technological innovation, green energy, and carbon neutrality
Authors: Qamruzzaman Md. , Karim Salma
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the pivotal role of green strategies in achieving carbon neutrality by exploring the synergistic contributions of green finance, green technological innovation, and green energy adoption. The study has implemented several panel data estimation techniques including second generation panel unit root test commonly known as CADF and CIPS, an error correction-based panel cointegration test, for documenting the elasticities of GF, GTI, and GE on carbon neutrality through Continuously-Update Fully Modified[CUP-FM], Continuously-Update Bias-Corrected [CUP-BC], and Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression [DSUR]. The asymmetric coefficients have exploded with the implementation of a nonlinear framework, which is well known as NARDL. Our findings underscore the significance of green finance mechanisms in mobilizing resources for sustainable initiatives, including renewable energy projects and energy-efficient technologies. Study shed light on the catalytic impact of green Technological innovation in driving technological advancements, reducing emissions, and fostering economic growth. Furthermore, our study delves into the transformative potential of clean energy adoption, elucidating how it can substantially reduce carbon footprints and bolster the transition to a low-carbon economy. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the critical nexus of green strategies and carbon neutrality, offering a roadmap for a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future. In a world grappling with the pressing challenges of climate change, our research offers valuable insights into the strategies that institutions, policymakers, and businesses can employ to facilitate the transition toward carbon neutrality.
Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of enteroendocrine cells along the murine gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Smith Christopher A. , O’Flaherty Elisabeth A. A. , Guccio Nunzio , Punnoose Austin , Darwish Tamana , Lewis Jo E. , Foreman Rachel E. , Li Joyce , Kay Richard G. , Adriaenssens Alice E. , Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) produce over 20 gut hormones which contribute to intestinal physiology, nutrient metabolism and the regulation of food intake. The objective of this study was to generate a comprehensive transcriptomic map of mouse EECs from the stomach to the rectum.

Methods

EECs were purified by flow-cytometry from the stomach, upper small intestine, lower small intestine, caecum and large intestine of NeuroD1-Cre mice, and analysed by single cell RNA sequencing. Regional datasets were analysed bioinformatically and combined into a large cluster map. Findings were validated by L-cell calcium imaging and measurements of CCK secretion in vitro.

Results

20,006 EECs across the full gastrointestinal tract could be subdivided based on their full transcriptome into 10 major clusters, each exhibiting a different pattern of gut hormone expression. EECs from the stomach were largely distinct from those found more distally, even when expressing the same hormone. Cell clustering was also observed when performed only using genes related to GPCR cell signalling, revealing GPCRs predominating in different EEC populations. Mc4r was expressed in 55% of Cck-expressing cells in the upper small intestine, where MC4R agonism was found to stimulate CCK release in primary cultures. Many individual EECs expressed more than one hormone as well as machinery for activation by multiple nutrients, which was supported by the finding that the majority of L-cells exhibited calcium responses to multiple stimuli.

Conclusions

This comprehensive transcriptomic map of mouse EECs reveals patterns of GPCR and hormone co-expression that should be helpful in predicting the effects of nutritional and pharmacological stimuli on EECs from different regions of the gut. The finding that MC4R agonism stimulates CCK secretion adds to our understanding of the melanocortin system.
Genotype by environment interaction across water regimes in relation to cropping season response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
Authors: Nguyen Van Loc , Luu Hue Nhan , Phan Thi Hong Nhung , Nguyen Viet Long , Chu Duc Ha , Bertero Daniel , Curti Néstor , McKeown Peter C. , Spillane Charles
Published: October 2024

Genotype × environment (GxE) interaction effects are one of the major challenges in identifying cultivars with stable performance across agri-environments. In this study we analysed GE interactions to identify quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) cultivars with high and stable yields under different soil moisture regimes, representing control conditions, waterlogging and drought. Waterlogging and drought treatments were artificially induced using normoxia, a combination of hypoxia-normoxia, and 10% PEG (Polyethylene glycol) under hydroponic growth conditions, respectively. Both waterlogging and drought conditions significantly reduced the plant height (PH), number of leaves (NoL) and number of branches (NoB), stem diameter (SD), leaf area (LA) and dry weight (DW) of quinoa genotypes. The genotype, water regime, and genotype by water regime effects all significantly affected the measured quinoa traits. Based on the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model for DW, the genotypes G18, Puno, Q4, 2-Want, Puno, Real1 x Ruy937 and Titicaca were found to exhibit tolerance and were stable across water regimes. A second-stage evaluation was conducted to test genotype × environment interaction effects in crop production field trials, selecting two contrasting seasons based on soil moisture conditions involving a diverse set of genotypes (58 varieties in total). Our results demonstrate significant variations in both growth and yield among the quinoa genotypes across the cropping seasons. The GGE analysis for grain yield indicate that field conditions matched to G × E under hydroponic experimental conditions and the cultivars G18, Q1, Q4, NL-3, G28, 42-Test, Atlas and 59-ALC were classified within a range of high productivity. Our findings provide a basis for understanding the mechanisms of wide adaptation, while identifying germplasm that enhances the water stress tolerance of quinoa cultivars at early growth stages.
Effects of climate variability on the spatio-temporal distribution of Dengue in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, from 2001 to 2019
Authors: Ortega-Lenis Delia , Arango-Londoño David , Hernández Freddy , Moraga Paula
Published: October 2024

Dengue is a vector-borne disease that has increased over the past two decades, becoming a global public health emergency. The transmission of dengue is contingent upon various factors, among which climate variability plays a significant role. However, there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the underlying mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of dengue risk and to quantify the associated risk factors in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, from 2001 to 2019. To achieve this, a spatio-temporal Bayesian hierarchical model was developed, integrating delayed and non-linear effects of climate variables, socio-economic factors, along with spatio-temporal random effects to account for unexplained variability. The results indicate that average temperature is positively associated with dengue risk 0-2 months later, showing a 35% increase in the risk. Similarly, high precipitation levels lead to increased risk approximately 2-3 months later, while relative humidity showed a constant risk within a 6 months-lag. These findings could be valuable for local health authorities interested in developing early warning systems to predict future risks in advance.
La fe mueve votos: uso de la subalternidad de Jesús en los discursos de Hugo Chávez
Authors: Fernández-Ulloa Teresa
Published: October 2024

En este artículo se mostrará el uso de la religión como recurso persuasivo del discurso de Hugo Chávez, quien alude a Jesús/Cristo en forma de metáforas, símbolos, citas bíblicas…, comparándose con él y presentándolo, y a sí mismo, como líder moral y espiritual, redentor ejemplo de sacrificio, amor y reconciliación. También, se acude a la figura de Jesús como ejemplo de subalternidad. Los primeros cristianos tenían una posición marginal en la sociedad, al pertenecer a las clases bajas y al seguir una religión nueva, desafiando con ella a las estructuras dominantes establecidas en aquel momento. Jesús es descrito por el líder venezolano como el “primer socialista”, con lo que está alineando su proyecto político con los valores cristianos, legitimando así sus políticas socialistas y presentándolas como moralmente superiores y espiritualmente guiadas. Se verán aquí varios ejemplos, junto con los recursos retóricos empleados por el difunto presidente.
A Comprehensive Review of Diffusing Alpha-Emitters Radiation Therapy (DaRT): From Dosimetry to Its Biological Effectiveness
Authors: Kim Seohan , Sung Wonmo
Published: October 2024

Diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy (DaRT) represents a groundbreaking development in cancer therapy, offering a solution to the limitations of conventional radiation therapy. By deploying 224Ra embedded seeds, DaRT achieves targeted delivery of high-dose alpha particles directly to tumor sites, showing considerable efficacy in tumor control and minimal damage to adjacent healthy tissues. This comprehensive review analyzes the published literature regarding mechanisms, seed production, dose calculation, measurement, and biological experiments related to DaRT. It includes in-depth discussions on mathematical models, Monte Carlo simulations for dose distribution, real-time in vivo dosimetry developments, and biological experiments both in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trial outcomes are also examined to evaluate the therapy’s effectiveness in various cancer types. DaRT utilizes 224Ra-labeled seeds, using the decay chain of 224Ra to deliver alpha particles effectively within a tumor. Several asymptotic diffusion-leakage models were developed to calculate the alpha dose distribution of DaRT. In vivo dosimetry techniques have been developed for real-time monitoring. Biological experiments demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of DaRT across various cancer cells, with varying radiosensitivity. Additionally, the enhanced effects of combined therapy with chemotherapy and immunotherapy were suggested by many in vivo studies. Clinical trials have shown high complete response rate in squamous cell carcinoma, with minimal side effects, suggesting DaRT’s feasibility and safety. DaRT emerges as a highly localized cancer treatment method with minimal side effects compared to traditional radiation therapy. It directly ablates tumors and potentially enhances immune responses, indicating a significant advance in cancer therapy. Future research and ongoing clinical trials will further elucidate its efficacy across different cancer types and in combination with other treatments.
Role of Oxytocin/Oxytocin Receptor System in Regulation of Cell Growth and Neoplastic Processes
Authors: Strunecká A. , Hynie S. , Klenerová Věra
Published: October 2024

Novel sites of oxytocin receptor expression have recently been detected in central nervous system, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, various carcinoma cells, etc. These and other discoveries have greatly expanded the classical biological roles of oxytocin, which are stimulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction at parturition and milk ejection during lactation. It is becoming clear that the great diversity of oxytocin actions in the brain and peripheral organs is paralleled by activation of a diversity of signalling pathways. On the other hand, until now only one single oxytocin receptor type has been detected. This receptor belongs to G protein-coupled receptors and in dependence on cell conditions it binds to different G proteins; this phenomenon is called receptor-G protein promiscuity. Thus, in the same cells oxytocin can activate multiple responses at the same time. Recently, the oxytocinergic system has also been implicated in the growth modulation of various neoplastic cells, where it may inhibit or stimulate cell proliferation in dependence on cell type and activated metabolic pathways. The discovery of novel oxytocin receptor-linked signalling cascades brings interesting knowledge opening new avenues for research in oncology and molecular pharmacology with perspectives of finding new therapeutic agents.
Diuretic responses to Ringer's solution and 20% albumin at different arterial pressures
Authors: Hahn Robert G. , Zdolsek Markus , Gunnström Michaela , Hasselgren Emma , Zdolsek Joachim H.
Published: October 2024

Intravenous volume loading is a common treatment when hypovolemia is a potential cause of oliguria. We studied whether the effectiveness of Ringer's solution and 20% albumin in inducing diuresis differs depending on the mean arterial pressure (MAP). For this purpose, volume kinetic analysis was performed based on urine output and hemoglobin‐derived plasma dilution obtained during and after 136 infusions of Ringer and 85 infusions of 20% albumin. Covariance analysis quantified the diuretic response at different arterial pressures. The results show that the diuretic response to a known plasma volume expansion was greater for Ringer's solution above a MAP of 70 mmHg, while 20% albumin was significantly more effective at lower pressures (p < 0.03). Simulations of the urinary output in response to infusion of a predefined fluid volume yielded superior efficacy for 20% albumin when the MAP was low, while Ringer's was similarly effective when the MAP averaged 100 mmHg. In conclusion, urine output in response to plasma volume expansion with 20% albumin was similar to, or even stronger, than that of Ringer's solution when the MAP was below 70 mmHg.
Entwicklung eines OER-Repositoriums für die Hochschullandschaft der Schweiz
Authors: Flühler Roger , Krüger Nicole
Published: October 2024

Unter Federführung der Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW) wurde eine zentrale Plattform für Open Educational Resources (OER) für die Schweizer Hochschullandschaft entwickelt, um die Verbreitung von offenen Lehrmaterialien zu erleichtern. Die Plattform basiert auf der Software Edu-Sharing und wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Schweizer Hochschulen und dem IT-Dienstleister Switch realisiert. Wichtige Funktionen wie die DOI-Vergabe, Benutzerfreundlichkeit und einfache Upload-Prozesse wurden integriert, um die Nutzung und Verbreitung von OER zu fördern. Nach dem Go-Live im Juli 2024 ermöglicht die Plattform den freien Zugang zu einer breiten Vielfalt an Lehrressourcen.
Around the 1990s: A “Wende” for Research Libraries
Authors: Vitiello Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper is three-fold. First, it describes the situation of libraries in the years around 1990 from the perspective of international organisations, namely the Council of Europe and the European Commission. Second, it intends to show that this healthy situation already held the seeds of the future frailty of academic libraries. Third, it compares key debates in the Nineties with today’s challenges for research libraries and shows how key decisions taken in the Nineties had a long-term impact on future library trends.
Integrating ethics and democratic principles in chemistry education: a case study
Authors: Stojanovska Marina
Published: October 2024

This study presents a novel approach to integrating ethics and core values into chemistry education through the module “Culture of Democracy Through the Didactics of Chemistry.” Developed as part of a broader initiative aimed at educating future teachers for democracy and human rights, this module explores the ethical dimensions of chemical knowledge and its social and environmental impact. Utilizing the Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture, it introduces pre-service teachers to concepts such as responsibility, human dignity, and the rule of law. The module involved six pre-service teachers and two schoolteacher-mentors. Key activities included student-led discussions, such as exploring personal responsibility and moral dilemmas in chemistry, exemplified by the Heinz dilemma, and engaging in discourse on the possibility of breaking a law for morally justifiable reasons to comprehend the delicate balance between legal duties and moral responsibilities. Through reflective exercises and collaborative learning, pre-service teachers engage critically with the ethical implications of their future profession. Initial feedback highlights the value of integrating ethical discussions into chemistry education, fostering deeper reflection and a sense of responsibility among pre-service teachers. The study provides a valuable framework for educators integrating ethics into science curricula, fostering responsible chemistry practice aligned with social values.
On Vegetal Geography: Perspectives on Critical Plant Studies, Placism, and Resilience
Authors: Rivas Virgilio Aquino , Biana Hazel T.
Published: October 2024

This study contributes to the emerging subdiscipline of geography, defined as vegetal geography, expanding beyond Critical Plant Studies’ focus on place-based interactions with and adaptations to human systems and ecologies. In this sense, vegetal geography covers political and cultural ecologies and psychogeography of events, highlighted by the recent pandemic, the ongoing threat of anthropogenic climate change, and the re-emergence of global diseases in recent years amid unrestrained consumerism and human niche constructions. These so-called Anthropocene proliferations tend to ramify the relation of place to organic entanglement with the non-organic, human with the nonhuman, which implicates species trade-offs, uncanny alliances, and affinities, via a series of differential synthesis, borrowing from Deleuze and Guattari, amid increasing climate anomalies. In the process, they engender emergent ecologies where vegetal life, a key Deleuzean concept, provides a critical pivot to interspecies relations in times of crisis and emergency.
Whither the Walking Dead? The Consequences of Artificial Intelligence for Zombie Firms
Authors: Banerjee Ryan , Doerr Sebastian , Hofmann Boris
Published: October 2024

Zombie firms have been a prominent yet controversial subject of academic and policy debates in recent years. In this article, we first revisit the economic consequences and driving factors of zombie companies and then, based on this assessment, discuss the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) for zombie firms. We document that the share of zombie firms in advanced economies has risen considerably over the past three decades, and that this increase has been a significant drag on productivity growth. We further find that persistently low interest rates are a significant causal factor underlying the rise of zombie companies. Turning to AI, we argue that an AI-induced productivity boom may counteract the drag from zombie firms and improve firm performance, mitigating corporate zombification. Moreover, by leading to higher interest rates that force zombie firms to exit markets, AI may boost productivity further in the longer run – a so far overlooked channel in the debate on the economic implications of AI.
Mode of delivery and behavioral and neuropsychological outcomes in children at 10 years of age
Authors: Massa Andrew , Yang Zhixin , Tamashiro Ryan , Isik Oliver , Landau Ruth , Miles Caleb H. , Von Ungern-Sternberg Britta S. , Whitehouse Andrew , Li Guohua , Pennell Craig E. , Ing Caleb
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Previous studies have reported that mode of delivery, particularly cesarean delivery (CD), is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. This study evaluates behavioral and neuropsychological test scores in children based on mode of delivery.

Methods

Children enrolled in the Raine Study from Western Australia, born between 1989 and 1992 by instrumental vaginal delivery (IVD), elective CD, and non-elective CD, were compared to those with spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD). The primary outcome was the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) administered at age 10. Secondary outcomes included evaluations of language, motor function, cognition, and autistic traits. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate score differences by mode of delivery adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and Poisson regression was used to evaluate for increased risk of clinical deficit.

Results

Of 2,855 children, 1770 (62.0 %) were delivered via SVD, 480 (16.8 %) via IVD, 346 (12.1 %) via elective CD, and 259 (9.1 %) via non-elective CD. Non-elective CD was associated with higher (worse) CBCL Internalizing (+2.09; 95 % CI 0.49, 3.96; p=0.01) scores, and elective CD was associated with lower (worse) McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND) (−3.48; 95 % CI −5.61, −1.35; p=0.001) scores. Differences were not seen in other outcomes, and increased risk of clinical deficit was not observed with either the CBCL Internalizing or MAND scores.

Conclusions

Differences in behavior and motor function were observed in children delivered by CD, but given that score differences were not associated with increased incidence of clinical deficit, clinical significance may be limited.
Properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences. Part XXVIII. NPU codes for characterizing subpopulations of the hematopoietic lineage, described from their clusters of differentiation molecules (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Lindholm Evita Maria , Taraldsrud Eli , Bay Jakob Thaning , Bemark Mats , Bernth Jensen Jens Magnus , Ceder Rebecca , Abrahamsen Elisabeth , Yilmaz Fatma Meric , Devaraj Sridevi , van der Hagen Eline , Johannessen Helle Møller
Published: October 2024

This document describes how the Nomenclature for Properties and Units (NPU) terminology can be applied to differentiate between cell subpopulations of the hematopoietic lineage. The clusters of differentiation molecules are included in the NPU syntax, together with its correct affiliations to indicate their presence or absence. This allows for identification and isolation of cell populations, subsets, and differentiation stages, which is essential for correct diagnosis and treatment of several malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
Separation of no-carrier-added Bi and stable Bi from thallium
Authors: Naskar Nabanita , Mitra Sayantani , Lahiri Susanta
Published: October 2024

No carrier added 204,206Bi radioisotopes were produced by alpha induced reaction on Tl2CO3 target. Liquid liquid extraction method using 18-crown-6 dissolved in nitrobenzene and HClO4 was developed for the separation of NCA 204,206Bi from bulk Tl target. Bulk Tl was observed to be extracted by the organic phase at higher HClO4 concentrations leaving NCA Bi radioisotopes in the aqueous phase. At 0.01 M 18-crown-6 concentration with 2 M HClO4, separation factor (S
Tl/Bi) as high as 3.7 × 103 was achieved. The separation experiment was repeated with stable isotopes of Bi and Tl. The extent of separation was monitored by ICP-OES and the results corroborated with radiometric methods.
A spectral cavalcade: Early Iron Age horse sacrifice at a royal tomb in southern Siberia
Authors: Sadykov Timur , Blochin Jegor , Taylor William , Fomicheva Daria , Kasparov Alexey , Khavrin Sergey , Malyutina Anna , Szidat Sönke , Caspari Gino
Published: October 2024

Horses began to feature prominently in funerary contexts in southern Siberia in the mid-second millennium BC, yet little is known about the use of these animals prior to the emergence of vibrant horse-riding groups in the first millennium BC. Here, the authors present the results of excavations at the late-ninth-century BC tomb of Tunnug 1 in Tuva, where the deposition of the remains of at least 18 horses and one human is reminiscent of sacrificial spectral riders described in fifth-century Scythian funerary rituals by Herodotus. The discovery of items of tack further reveals connections to the earliest horse cultures of Mongolia.
A Dynamic Link between Respiration and Arousal
Authors: Kluger Daniel S. , Gross Joachim , Keitel Christian
Published: October 2024

Viewing brain function through the lens of other physiological processes has critically added to our understanding of human cognition. Further advances though may need a closer look at the interactions between these physiological processes themselves. Here we characterize the interplay of the highly periodic, and metabolically vital respiratory process and fluctuations in arousal neuromodulation, a process classically seen as nonperiodic. In the data from three experiments (N = 56 / 27 / 25 women and men), we tested for covariations in respiratory and pupil size (arousal) dynamics. After substantiating a robust coupling in the largest dataset, we further show that coupling strength decreases during task performance compared with rest and that it mirrors a decreased respiratory rate when participants take deeper breaths. Taken together, these findings suggest a stronger link between respiratory and arousal processes than previously thought. Moreover, these links imply a stronger coupling during periods of rest, and the effect of respiratory rate on the coupling suggests a driving role. As a consequence, studying the role of neuromodulatory arousal on cortical function may also need to consider respiratory influences.
Different Subregions of Monkey Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Respond to Abstract Sequences and Their Components
Authors: Yusif Rodriguez Nadira , Ahuja Aarit , Basu Debaleena , McKim Theresa H. , Desrochers Theresa M.
Published: October 2024

Sequential information permeates daily activities, such as when watching for the correct series of buildings to determine when to get off the bus or train. These sequences include periodicity (the spacing of the buildings), the identity of the stimuli (the kind of house), and higher-order more abstract rules that may not depend on the exact stimulus (e.g., house, house, house, business). Previously, we found that the posterior fundus of area 46 in the monkey lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) responds to rule changes in such abstract visual sequences. However, it is unknown if this region responds to other components of the sequence, i.e., image periodicity and identity, in isolation. Further, it is unknown if this region dissociates from other, more ventral LPFC subregions that have been associated with sequences and their components. To address these questions, we used awake functional magnetic resonance imaging in three male macaque monkeys during two no-report visual tasks. One task contained abstract visual sequences, and the other contained no visual sequences but maintained the same image periodicity and identities. We found the fundus of area 46 responded only to abstract sequence rule violations. In contrast, the ventral bank of area 46 responded to changes in image periodicity and identity, but not changes in the abstract sequence. These results suggest a functional specialization within anatomical substructures of LPFC to signal different kinds of stimulus regularities. This specialization may provide key scaffolding to identify abstract patterns and construct complex models of the world for daily living.
Glutamine Oxidation in Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia Regulates Pain Resolution and Chronification
Authors: Haque Md Mamunul , Kuppusamy Panjamurthy , Melemedjian Ohannes K.
Published: October 2024

Chronic pain remains a significant health challenge with limited effective treatments. This study investigates the metabolic changes underlying pain progression and resolution, uncovering a novel compensatory mechanism in sensory neurons. Using the hyperalgesic priming model in male mice, we demonstrate that nerve growth factor (NGF) initially disrupted mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, leading to acute allodynia. Surprisingly, this metabolic disruption persisted even after the apparent resolution of allodynia. We discovered that during the resolution phase, sensory neurons exhibit increased glutamine oxidation and upregulation of the major glutamine transporter ASCT2 in dorsal root ganglia. This compensatory response plays a crucial role in pain resolution, as demonstrated by our experiments. Knockdown of ASCT2 prevents the resolution of NGF-induced allodynia and precipitates the transition to a chronic state. Furthermore, we show that the glutamine catabolite α-ketoglutarate attenuated glycolytic flux and alleviated allodynia in both acute and chronic phases of the hyperalgesic priming model. The importance of ASCT2 is further confirmed in a translational model, where its knockdown prevented the resolution of allodynia following plantar incision. These findings highlight the pivotal role of metabolic changes in pain resolution and identify ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain. Understanding these endogenous mechanisms that promote pain resolution can guide the development of novel interventions to prevent the transition pain from acute to chronic.
Manifestation of Anxiety in People with an Addictive (Alcoholic) Form of Behavior
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Gudkova Tatiana V.
Published: October 2024

The focus of this article is on the problem of addictive behavior, namely, the psychological characteristics of a person with alcohol dependence. The aim is to analyze and generalize the factors that contribute to the formation of addictive behavior and to highlight the socio-psychological nature of this dependence in relation to anxiety. A number of important psychological and pedagogical issues regarding the factors contributing to the formation of this form of behavior are considered. The features that help to understand and uncover the mechanisms of their action are also considered. It is pointed out that in the study of the personality of people with alcohol dependence, one of the dominant points of view is the phenomenon of anxiety. The researchers' interest is focused on understanding the nature of anxiety as a trigger. The psychology of anxiety is considered as an individually psychological feature of a person who is in one or another difficult situation for him. Recognizing the complexity of studying the personality of people with alcohol dependence, it emphasizes such characteristic features for the majority as short temper, lack of compromise, intolerance to the opinions of others, resentment, a tendency to revenge, a high level of conflict. It is impossible not to pay attention to the fact that there is a contradictory character in the conclusions about the ratio of primary and secondary anxiety and alcohol consumption as two mutually determining factors. An attempt is made to explain this discrepancy based on research. The different types of work significantly enrich our understanding of this phenomenon. Studies have shown that this category of people has a higher level of situational and personal anxiety. The revealed nature of the relationship indicates the peculiarities of conflict in this category. The data obtained show an example of traits that are interrelated with it.
Approaches to the Development of Student Groups in a Modern University: Team or Collective
Authors:   Siberian State University of Water Transport, Volodina Oksana A.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of forming student groups in universities in modern conditions of the influence on young people of two opposing ideological trends: collectivism and individualism. The positive effects of collective education in the field of higher education are listed. Differences in the understanding of the terms “small group”, “work collective”, “team” and “team”, which have developed in the academic and business environment, are identified, from the point of view of value bases and group dynamics. The results of a diagnostic study of the adaptation of first-year students are presented, which allows us to draw a conclusion about the influence of the individualistic and collectivist strategy of integration into the group on the results of students’ adaptation. Options for scenarios for the formation of a group as a “collective” or as a “team” are proposed, which make it possible to differentiate approaches to pedagogical support for the development of student groups depending on the prevailing value systems of its members and the degree of readiness for collective action.
Development of Teaching Modules for Strategic Management Courses Based on Problem-Based Learning to Increase Students' Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Saeroji Ahmad , Muhsin  , Kharismaputra Aulia Prima
Published: October 2024

This research aims to develop and test whether the problem-based learning (PBL) teaching module that the author created in the strategic management course can increase students' cognitive flexibility. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which includes the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The sample in this study was students of the Office Administration Education Study Program, Semarang State University, class of 2021, with 109 students divided into three classes.  Furthermore, the results of the module that has been developed are tested regarding the increase in the average cognitive flexibility score after carrying out the pre-test and post-test. Based on research results, the experimental class that used the PBL module showed an average increase in cognitive flexibility score of 17.3 points, while the control class only increased by 4.4 points. Statistical tests showed a significant increase in the experimental class (p < 0.001), while the control class did not show a significant increase (p = 0.065). Meanwhile, student activities in the experimental class showed active participation in the learning process, problem-solving involvement, and better teamwork than in the control class. Student feedback indicates that PBL makes learning more enjoyable, helps students think critically, and is relevant to the real world.
Improving Management Through Capital Budget in Preparation for Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Expansion in Pekalongan Batik MSMEs
Authors: Witiastuti Rini Setyo , Ardiansari Anindya , Fafurida Fafurida
Published: October 2024

Pemulihan ekonomi dunia sebagai dampak dari pandemic Covid-19 masih terus berjalan, meski di bayang-bayangi isu resesi di tahun depan. Hal ini semakin menegaskan perlunya perhatian khusus dalam. pengelolaan keuangan mikro bagi para pelaku UMKM di Indonesia. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan pada UMKM di Kampung Batik Wiradesa, pasca pandemic Covid 19, UMKM Kampung Batik selama ini mencoba terus bertahan dan berusaha untuk bangkit dari keterpurukan ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh pandemic berkepanjangan. Melihat hal tersebut, maka penting untuk melakukan pelatihan restrukturisasi anggaran modal pada UMKM di Kampung Batik Wiradesa, agar mereka mampu bangkit dan berekspansi di tengah melemahnya perekonomian pasca Covid-19. Selain itu diharapkan dengan pemahaman restrukturisasi anggaran modal yang baik, para pelaku UMKM disana dapat mempersiapkan apa saja yang dibutuhkan dalam melakukan ekspansi untuk bangkit dari keterpurukan bisnis. Metode yang digunakan adalah Workshop Pengabdian masyarakat pada Masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan, pada hari Sabtu, 23-24 Juli 2022. Narasumber kegiatan adalah Tim Pengabdian masyarakat yang menyampaikan materi “Identifikasi Strategi Kebangkitan Ekonomi dan Penghitungan Anggaran Modal untuk Persiapan Kelayakan Ekspansi UMKM Batik”. Peserta kegiatan sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan ini. Hal ini tampak pada partisipasi peserta saat narasumber mengajak dialog langsung dengan peserta. Peserta juga sangat antusias pada sesi tanya jawab.
The world's economic recovery due to the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, even though the issue of a recession next year overshadows it. This further emphasises the need for special attention in microfinance management for MSME actors in Indonesia. Based on observations made on MSMEs in Wiradesa Batik Village, after the COVID-19 pandemic, Batik Village MSMEs have been trying to survive and rise from the economic downturn caused by the prolonged pandemic. Seeing this, it is crucial to conduct training on restructuring the capital budget for MSMEs in Batik Wiradesa Village so that they can rise and expand amid the weakening economy after COVID-19. In addition, with a good understanding of the restructuring of the capital budget, MSME actors can prepare whatever is needed to expand to rise from business adversity. The method used is a Community Service Workshop. Service activities are carried out on Saturday, 23-24 July 2022. The resource person for the activity was the Service Team, who delivered the material "Identification of Economic Awakening Strategies and Calculation of Capital Budgets for Feasibility Preparation for Batik MSME Expansion". The participants were very enthusiastic about participating in this activity. This can be seen in the participation of participants when the resource person invites direct dialogue with the participants. Participants were also very enthusiastic about the question-and-answer session.
High expression of COL8A1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes EMT in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Liang Weiwei , Chen Junxin , Li Hai , Zhang Pengyuan , Guan Hongyu , Li Yanbing
Published: October 2024

Background

Collagen type VIII α 1 chain (COL8A1), a collagen type VIII protein, has been suggested to exert various functions in progression of multiple cancers. However, the effect of COL8A1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been elucidated.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were applied to investigate the COL8A1 expression and its clinical significance in PTC. The COL8A1 expression level was further validated using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data and clinical paired PTC tissues. Additionally, the Kaplan–Meier curve was used to analyze the prognosis. The cell’s migrative and invasive abilities were evaluated by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. CCK8 assays were used to evaluate the proliferation of PTC cells. Western blotting was conducted to explore the potential mechanisms involved in the pro-tumor role of COL8A1. The correlation between immune cell infiltration and COL8A1 was analyzed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and the single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) method.

Results

We found that COL8A1 was upregulated in PTC (P < 0.05). High COL8A1 expression level was significantly associated with advanced T stage (P < 0.01), N stage (P < 0.001) and poor prognosis (P = 0.0142) in PTC. Furthermore, cell migration and invasion were significantly reduced following COL8A1 knockdown (P < 0.001). Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins (FN1, MMP9, MMP7, ZEB2 and Twist1) and phosphorylation of AKT and ERK were obviously down-regulated after COL8A1 knockdown (P < 0.01). Moreover, COL8A1 expression was correlated with immune cell infiltration.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that COL8A1 may function as an oncogene and a potential prognostic biomarker for PTC patients.
Absence of sex differences in diabetes-induced suppression of KNDy neurons in rats
Authors: Otsuka Mai , Iwata Kinuyo , Otsuka Yuki , Uenoyama Yoshihisa , Ozawa Hitoshi , Ishii Hirotaka
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus disturbs kisspeptin–neurokinin B–dynorphin A (KNDy) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), which regulate pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in both sexes. However, it remains unclear whether a sex-specific association with the negative effects of diabetes on KNDy neurons exists. Therefore, we examined mRNA expression in KNDy neurons of diabetic male and female rats 7 weeks after streptozotocin (STZ) injection using histochemistry. In gonad-intact rats, the numbers of Kiss1 and Pdyn mRNA-expressing cells in the ARC decreased in an STZ-dose-dependent manner; moreover, no sex-dependent association with STZ treatment was observed. In males, plasma LH and sex steroid levels decreased in diabetic rats. Conversely, those of females did not vary significantly between the control and diabetic rats. Kiss1 expression in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus was slightly affected in diabetic animals but did not exhibit sex-dependent differences. In gonadectomized rats, the numbers of KNDy mRNA-expressing cells in the ARC and plasma LH levels decreased in diabetic male and female rats; however, sex-dependent differences did not exist. These results demonstrated that a sex-specific association with the negative effects of diabetes on KNDy neurons did not exist. Therefore, the stage of diabetes that induces the suppression of the hypothalamus may not vary according to sex.
Optimization of the enzymatic clarification process of glucose syrups derived from agro-industrial residues
Authors: Morales-González Alejandro , Acosta-Pavas Juan Camilo , Ruiz-Colorado Angela Adriana
Published: October 2024

In this work, the application of pectinase enzymes to clarify glucose syrups produced from corn fiber was studied. The enzymatic activity and kinetic parameters of the pectinase enzyme used were quantified. A specific activity of 5,528 U/mg protein, a maximum rate of 19151 U/mL, and a Michaelis-Menten constant of 1,656 mg/mL were obtained. The syrup was prepared by hydrolyzing corn fiber at 50°C and 180 rpm, and a central composite design was performed for the clarification step to find the optimal conditions of enzyme-substrate ratio and agitation. The syrup was heated to a temperature of 50°C, and an enzyme substrate ratio between 2.5 to 4.5 U/mL of syrup and agitation, varying between 215 to 285 rpm, was applied. The conditions to maximize the clarification of corn fiber syrup were determined to be an enzyme substrate ratio of 3.716 U/mL syrup and agitation of 267 rpm. These conditions were validated by taking the syrup from clarity of 65.8% to 88.1%, demonstrating that the methodology used presents advantages in the syrup clarification process. A physicochemical characterization of the corn fiber used to prepare the syrups was carried out, which presented a content of 12.90%, 23.33%, 13.4%, and 0.36% of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin, respectively.