bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Butterfly‐Inspired Hierarchical Hybrid Composites for Lightweight Structural Thermal Management Applications
Authors: Sansone Nello D. , Aguiar Rafaela , Embabi Mahmoud , Cheung Nichole , Tuccitto Anthony V. , Chang Nathan R. S. , Leroux Matthew , Lee Patrick C.
Published: January 2025

Stringent environmental policies and sustainability targets are driving the adoption of lightweight materials in high‐performance transportation and defense sectors. Inspired by nature's unparalleled engineering, this work introduces butterfly‐inspired hybrid composites that emulate the multifunctional performance of natural architectures. Specifically, these composites are reinforced with hierarchical fibrous assemblies comprised of nano‐sized graphene nanoplatelets covalently bonded onto micro‐sized glass fibers, emulating the hierarchical architecture of butterfly legs. Additionally, sandwich‐structured composites are designed to mimic the alternating rigid and porous layered scales of butterfly wings, featuring a foamed composite core sandwiched between solid composite skins, leading to superior mechanical and thermal management performance. Compared to the current industrial composite substitute for metallic structural components, these hybrid composites are tailorable to achieve improvements up to 32%, 36%, and 116% in specific tensile strength, specific flexural strength, and impact strength, respectively, as well as 66% in thermal insulation and 62% in thermal management performance, with a 38% weight reduction. These advancements stem from the detailed structure‐property designs, spanning across multiple length‐scales, formulating a fundamental understanding of how to tune performance to meet stringent requirements. Ultimately, these cost‐effective, industry‐ready butterfly‐inspired materials produce lightweight, multifunctional components that showcase the potential of biomimicry in advancing sustainable engineering solutions.
Viscous Fluid Dissipation for Filtering Poor Bandgaps and Achieving Low‐Frequency Bandgaps in Metamaterials
Authors: Yuan Wenhan , Yang Xiongwei , Ripamonti Francesco , Chai Yijun , Li Yueming
Published: January 2025

Embedding viscous fluids in soft elastic metamaterials offers transformative potential for engineering applications, particularly in vibration control and acoustic filtering. Despite this promise, effectively leveraging fluid viscosity to achieve low‐frequency, high‐quality bandgaps remains a significant challenge. Specifically, fluid viscosity shifts local resonance modes to lower frequencies while mitigating negative dynamic effective properties, resulting in smoother transmission spectra. By incorporating viscous liquids as resonant units, it is demonstrated how vibrational acoustic coupling and viscous dissipation can be harnessed to engineer superior bandgap properties. The bandgap characteristics of locally resonant metamaterials with viscous liquid fillings are systematically investigated through theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental validation. The bandgap shifted to lower frequencies by up to 5.6% within the concerned viscosity range, accompanied by a 4.1% bandwidth expansion. This overturns the conventional notion that viscous dissipation reduces system performance, showcasing its positive impact on bandgaps. This work redefines viscous dissipation, usually considered a limitation, as a key enabler for achieving broadband, high‐performance low‐frequency bandgaps, unlocking new possibilities for advanced acoustic and vibration isolation technologies.
Integrative Enhancement of Energy‐Level Alignment and Defect Passivation for High‐Performance Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Tingxue , Huang Xin , Yao Ruijia , Zhang Diao , Liu Wei , Li Xing'ao
Published: January 2025

CsGeI2Br‐based perovskites with a favorable bandgap and high absorption coefficient, show great promise as candidates for efficient lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the significant defect recombination and energy alignment mismatch at the perovskite‐transport layer interface limit both the device's performance and long‐term stability. To overcome these challenges, the photovoltaic potential of the device is unlocked by optimizing the optical and electronic parameters through a rigorous numerical simulation, including the transport layer materials, doping density, bulk/interface defect density, and carrier mobility. As a result, the optimized device achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 28.00%. To further elucidate the inherent physical behavior, the activator energy of carrier recombination, along with the conduction and valence band offsets, are also investigated. Additionally, different types of device structures, including p‐i‐n and HTL‐free structures, are briefly examined. Finally, a detailed roadmap for enhancing the efficiency of the device is proposed, offering valuable insights for improving inorganic lead‐free CsGeI2Br perovskite solar cells in optoelectronic applications.
Effects of Environmental and Health Information on Willingness to Pay for Local and Organic Foods in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chiu‐Lin , Jaenicke Edward C. , Vecchi Martina , Sheu Sheng‐Jang
Published: January 2025

Using a lab‐in‐the‐field experiment, we investigate how providing information about food miles and pesticide residue influences willingness to pay (WTP) for potatoes among 407 shoppers in Taiwan, split between a supermarket and a farmers market. Initially, local organic potatoes have the highest average WTP at NTD73, followed by imported organic at NTD67, local non‐organic at NTD48, and imported non‐organic at NTD42. When we introduce information about food miles, the WTP for imported organic potatoes decreases by NTD10.2, without significantly impacting other varieties. A different information treatment featuring pesticide residue information boosts the WTP for local organic potatoes by NTD8.3 but has no significant effect on the other categories. Providing both types of information diminishes the local premium for non‐organic potatoes while enhancing it for local organic varieties. The influence of the information varies by shopping venue: farmers market shoppers give more weight to food miles information, whereas supermarket patrons are more responsive to pesticide residue information.
Adverse Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Increased Diurnal Salivary Cortisol in Girls With Turner Syndrome: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Jones Lily , Park Julie , Dliso Silothabo , Hawcutt Daniel B. , Shantsila Alena , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Blair Joanne
Published: January 2025

Patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) and those exposed to high concentrations of glucocorticoids have a number of characteristics in common, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Pediatric TS patients underwent studies of salivary cortisol (SC) and cortisone (SCn), body composition, continuous glucose monitoring, vascular function, and ambulatory blood pressure (BP). Biochemical indicators of cardiovascular risk were also measured. Data were compared to matched healthy controls (HCs) or interpreted according to reference populations. Ten patients, aged 14.1 ± 2.3 years participated. Mean SC was higher in girls with TS, although the early morning measurement was lower resulting in a flatter diurnal profile. Body mass index was > 1.0 SDS in five and muscle‐to‐fat ratio was low (< 0.8) in six participants. Four had proatherogenic lipid profiles and six had raised clotting and/or inflammatory markers. Mean glucose concentration was higher in TS than in HCs (109.8 vs. 102.6 mg/dL, p = 0.003). Loss of nocturnal dipping in BP was universal, and hypertension was present in three patients. TS participants had an adverse cardiovascular profile. The same cohort also exhibited increased cortisol exposure and the clinical significance of these dual findings warrants further investigation.
An Oxidative Stress Nanoamplifier to Enhance the Efficacy of Cisplatin in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Liu Qiaolin , Wang Guorong , Bai Ru , Li Shengmin , Liu Tao , Wang Qingzhen , Peng Yufeng , Teng Fei , Zhou Huige , Xian Junfang , Chen Chunying
Published: January 2025

Cisplatin (CP) is a first‐line platinum‐based drug used for the treatment of head and neck cancer. However, tumor cells can diminish the therapeutic effects of CP through the detoxification system mediated by glutathione (GSH) and the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Herein, we present a light‐activable and pH‐responsive oxidative stress nanoamplifier (FPLC@IR OSNA), comprising an amphiphilic compound (FPLC) with Fmoc‐lysine acting as a connector between a nitroimidazole derivative and a pH‐responsive cinnamaldehyde (CA) derivative, loaded with photosensitizer IR780. The acidic microenvironment of lysosome can trigger the release of CA to produce H2O2, which breaks down into oxygen, further improving the phototherapy efficacy mediated by IR780 irradiation. The consumption of oxygen during the phototherapy process induces hypoxia, prompting the reduction of nitroimidazole to aminoimidazole and leading to reduced GSH synthesis, enhancing tumor cell death induced by CP. Meanwhile, the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) during phototherapy attenuates the nuclear NER pathway, further augmenting the therapy effect of CP. This strategy, by combining FPLC@IR OSNA with laser and CP, significantly promotes the therapeutic effect in vitro,  and notably inhibits tumor growth in both Cal27 cell line‐derived xenograft models and patient‐derived xenograft models.
Emergence, Transmission, and Containment of Candida auris in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Curless Melanie S. , Hodges Chiquacta A. , Rock Clare
Published: January 2025

Candida auris is an emerging, multidrug‐resistant fungus that poses a threat in health care settings because of its persistence on surfaces and ability to cause severe infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. First identified in Japan in 2009, C auris has since spread globally, leading to numerous outbreaks. Its unique virulence factors, such as biofilm formation and immune evasion, contribute to its resilience and resistance to eradication. The most vulnerable populations include those with underlying conditions and those undergoing operative or other invasive procedures, highlighting the importance of this topic for perioperative personnel. Effective infection prevention strategies, including strict hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, are essential to prevent the spread of C auris. Early detection, accurate identification, and prompt isolation of infected patients are critical to mitigating outbreaks. Continued research and education are vital to developing more effective prevention and treatment protocols.
Anomalous Swelling Behavior of Graded Rubber
Authors: Do Quoc‐Viet , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Doan Vu Anh
Published: January 2025

This study demonstrated the anomalous swelling behavior of graded rubber in toluene at 25°C. Ethylene‐propylene rubber with a graded crosslink density in the thickness direction was prepared using a compression molding machine, under a temperature gradient (upper temperature: 200°C, lower temperature: 150°C). The crosslink densities of each surface of graded rubber corresponded to those of the homogeneous samples, which were 3.39 × 10−6 mol/cm3 and 3.74 × 10−7 mol/cm3 for samples crosslinked at 200°C and 150°C, respectively. The swelling behavior of graded rubber occurred in two distinct states: (1) after 20 min (short period), the rubber bent concavely toward the low‐crosslink side, and (2) after 540 min (long period), it bent toward the high‐crosslink side. According to Flory–Rehner's theory, the low‐crosslink side is expected to be on the outer side. However, in the state (1), the high‐crosslink side became the outer side. The possible mechanism can be explained by the theory of gel under constrained swelling. The unswollen region restricts in‐plane expansion of the low‐crosslink region, causing inhomogeneous stress that bent graded rubber toward the low‐crosslink side in state (1). These findings introduce a novel method for developing soft robotic actuators and self‐shaping materials.
LCST‐UCST Hybrid Phase Diagram of Poly(ɛ‐Caprolactone)/Poly(Styrene‐co‐Acrylonitrile) Blends Through Thermal and Rheological Approaches: Effects of PCL Molecular Weight and Cooling Ramp Rate
Authors: Soltanian Parisa , Jahanmardi Reza , Hemmati Farkhondeh , Shabanian Meisam , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: January 2025

The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase diagram of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (PCL/SAN) blend was obtained through temperature sweep rheological tests. The effect of the cooling rate of the temperature sweep test and the increased molecular weight of PCL on the phase separation points of PCL/SAN blends was studied. The phase transition boundary of PCL/SAN blends was investigated using the changes in the slope of the storage modulus curve in terms of temperature as well as the spinodal temperatures based on Ajji and Choplin's theory. The LCST diagram obtained through the temperature sweep test for PCL/SAN blends moved to higher points with the increase in the molecular weight of PCL, and the phase diagram was moved to lower points by increasing the cooling rate of the temperature sweep tests. With the increase in the molecular weight of faster PCL phase in the blend, the viscoelastic difference of the two phases decreased and the compatibility window expanded.
A novel sea surface evaporation scheme assessed by the thermal rotating shallow water model
Authors: Rostami Masoud , Petri Stefan , Fallah Bijan , Fazel‐Rastgar Farahnaz
Published: January 2025

In this study, a novel sea surface evaporation scheme, along with its corresponding bulk aerodynamic formulation, is proposed to estimate sea surface evaporation, columnar humidity, and precipitation distribution within the atmosphere. The scheme is based on three distinct functions, each dependent on a single variable: zonal wind velocity, tropospheric (potential) temperature, and free convection. It is shown that the normalized Clausius–Clapeyron formula requires an adjustable scaling factor for real‐world applications, calibrated using empirical fitness curves. To validate the proposed approach, we employ a model based on the pseudo‐spectral moist‐convective thermal rotating shallow water model, with minimal parameterization over the entire sphere. ECMWF Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) reanalysis data are used to compare the model's results with observations. The model is tested across different seasons to assess its reliability under various weather conditions. The Dedalus algorithm, which handles spin‐weighted spherical harmonics, is employed to address the pseudo‐spectral problem‐solving tasks of the model.
Competitive assessment of biofuel strategies for a case study in eastern Canada: techno‐economic and multi‐criteria decision‐making analysis
Authors: Pimenta Marina Stella Silva , Desilets Francis Lebreux , Mariano Adriano Pinto , Chambost Virginie , Boutet Alain , Stuart Paul R.
Published: January 2025

Decarbonizing the energy sector through biomass use entails risks and uncertainties linked to implementing early stage technologies. To address this issue, this work presents a panel‐based multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM) framework for a corn‐ethanol plant seeking to reduce its carbon footprint while investing in new bioenergy products. Six technology pathways were considered including gasification technologies, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and alcohol to jet, with products such as renewable natural gas (RNG), biochar, green diesel, green marine, and biojet. The alternatives were assessed based on a set of six criteria classified into three categories: economic performance, technology and commercial risks, and competitive advantages. The MCDM framework was based on the multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) for which an in‐person panel of decision‐making stakeholders set the criteria weights. Internal rate of return (IRR) was considered the most important criterion, followed by technology readiness level (TRL) and total installed capital cost (TICC). Surprisingly, the commercial readiness level was allocated a low weight. Finally, the potential for a fossil‐free site (PFFS) criterion was perceived by the panel members more as a desirable attribute rather than a requirement. Among the alternatives considered, the flexible production of synthetic natural gas (FlexSNG) gasification‐methanation process was found to be preferred. The panel‐based MCDM framework proved to be a practical and effective tool for assessing early‐stage biofuel strategies, encouraging alignment with technological innovation, sustainable development, and the company's values and future ambitions.
Chemotaxonomy and Bioactive Potential of High‐Mountain Plantago atrata
Authors: Zhiponova Miroslava , Yordanova Zhenya , Ivanov Georgi , Gašić Uroš , Mišić Danijela , Alipieva Kalina , Mantovska Desislava , Cholakova Ginka , Kapogianni Alexandra , Tsacheva Ivanka , Bogoeva Vanya , Rusanova Mila , Rusanov Krasimir , Bonchev Georgi , Petrova Milena , Petrova Detelina , Koleva Dimitrina , Hristova Viktoria , Tsenov Boris , Tosheva Anita , Mihaylova Nikolina , Raycheva Aneliya , Danchev Dimitar , Rogova Mariya , Anev Svetoslav , Vassileva Valya , Hristova Petya , Chaneva Ganka
Published: January 2025

Plantago atrata Hoppe is a high‐altitude mountain plant exposed to harsh environmental factors. This study aims to elucidate the ecological, phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of this lesser‐known plantain. Despite nutrient‐poor peat soil, the leaves of P. atrata contained increased levels of phosphorus, potassium and calcium, and the anatomy revealed an isobilateral mesophyll. Molecular taxonomic identification and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the classification of the studied plant as P. atrata and its clustering with narrow‐leaved plantains growing in extreme conditions. Detailed phytochemical profiles revealed primary and secondary metabolites that can be used as taxonomic identifiers and for bioactivity studies. The methanol fraction enriched in phenolic compounds appeared biologically active—by displaying limited antimicrobial activity, however, it possessed significant radical‐scavenging and anti‐inflammatory capacity. The data demonstrate that P. atrata’s leaf parameters and phytochemical arsenal assure plant survival and reveal the plantain's pharmaceutical potential in inhibiting inflammation via the classical pathway of Complement activation.
Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Curcumin and Blue Light for Recurrent Herpes Labialis: A Case Report
Authors: Khalil Marwa , Hamadah Omar
Published: January 2025

This study is the first to use photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by curcumin and blue light for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis. According to our study, PDT effectively accelerated lesion healing and reduced its recurrence. PDT may represent a promising, safe, and cost‐effective treatment option for this challenging disease.
Strategies for Enhancing the Electrocatalytic Performance of Transition Metal Thin Films Deposited via Chemical Vapor Process for Hydrogen Cells and Electrolysers
Authors: Sharifirad Alireza , Michel Marc , Roge Vincent , Lunca‐Popa Petru
Published: January 2025

Electrocatalysis is essential for facilitating reactions that convert electrical energy into chemical energy or vice versa. This is particularly relevant in the context of renewable energy sources, where efficient hydrogen production through water splitting is critical for energy storage and utilization. This review examines the replacement of platinum group metal (PGM) electrocatalysts with transition metal (TM) thin films synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). TM like nickel, cobalt, and iron have emerged as promising candidates due to their abundance, lower cost, and tunable electronic properties. These materials can achieve comparable or superior performance to PGMs for specific reactions, such as the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). CVD and ALD offer precise control over film thickness, composition, and uniformity, critical factors influencing the electrocatalytic performance. The ability to dope or alloy transition metal thin films further optimizes their catalytic properties for specific applications. This review covers key concepts related to hydrogen technology, electrocatalytic performance, and deposition processes. It identifies trends in TM electrocatalyst development, proposes future strategies for enhancing performance, and draws conclusions on the potential of these materials to revolutionize electrocatalysis for renewable energy applications.
Overexpression of DrosophilaNUAK or Constitutively‐Active Formin‐Like Promotes the Formation of Aberrant Myofibrils
Authors: Tiwari Prabhat , Brooks David , Geisbrecht Erika R.
Published: January 2025

Muscle development and maintenance is central to the normal functioning of animals. Muscle tissues exhibit high levels of activity and require the dynamic turnover of proteins. An actomyosin scaffold functions with additional proteins comprising the basic contractile subunit of striated muscle, known as the sarcomere. Drosophila muscles are similar to vertebrate muscles in composition and they share a similar mechanism of development. Drosophila NUAK (NUAK) is the homolog of NUAK1 and NUAK2 in vertebrates. NUAK belongs to the family of AMP‐activated protein kinases (AMPKs), a group of proteins with broad and overlapping cellular targets. Here we confirm that NUAK dynamically modulates larval muscle sarcomere size as upregulation of NUAK produces longer sarcomeres, including increased thin filament lengths. Furthermore, NUAK overexpression results in aberrant myofibers above the nuclei plane, upregulation of Formin‐like (Frl), and an increase in newly synthesized proteins at sites consistent with actin filament assembly. Expression of constitutively‐active Frl also produces aberrant myofibers similar to NUAK overexpression. These results taken together strongly suggest a functional link between NUAK and Frl in myofibril formation in an in vivo setting.
Toxicological Effects of Metal‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Mishra Jyotsna , Suryawanshi Tejas , Redkar Neha , Kumar Das Rahul , Saxena Sumit , Majumder Abhijit , Kondabagil Kiran , Shukla Shobha
Published: January 2025

Multi‐domain biological and environmental research highlights the efficacy of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as a safer alternative to toxic metal‐based quantum dots (QDs) and expensive conventional organic dyes, particularly in biomedical applications. CQDs are often functionalized by metal heteroatoms to improve their electron‐donating properties and modify charge density, thereby enhancing their physicochemical characteristics. However, metal doping may re‐introduce toxicity concerns similar to traditional QDs and further increase environmental risks. Thus, detailed ecotoxicology studies are necessary to understand the environmental impact of these CQDs in different organisms. To address this, we synthesized metal‐doped CQDs (Mn, Fe, Cu and Ag) using microwave‐assisted technique and conducted in‐vitro experiments on diverse biological models belonging to different trophic levels, including bacteria (E. coli and B. subtilis), plants (Vigna radiata) and mammalian cells (mouse myoblast cells‐ C2C12). Results revealed that among all the CQDs explored, Ag‐CQDs exhibited highest toxicity causing ~85% bacterial and 100% mammalian cell death even at 10 μg mL−1 and ~60% radicle growth inhibition after 5 days of exposure at 50 μg mL−1, whereas Mn‐CQD showed the least toxicity. These findings contribute significantly to the critical need for determining optimal concentration ranges for metal‐doped CQDs and enhance our understanding of their environmental implications.
Cytology to More Clearly Distinguish Solitary Plasmacytoma at the Skull Base
Authors: Welsh Cynthia T. , Baker Tiffany G. , Allen Christopher D. , Roberts Donna R. , Vandergrift William A.
Published: January 2025

Solitary plasmacytomas are localized single tumors of monoclonal plasma cells that occur in two variants: solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extraosseous plasmacytoma. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone accounts for only 1%–2% of plasma cell lesions, and extraosseous plasmacytoma is also approximately 1%. These are both very uncommon at the skull base. We report two cases of plasmacytic neoplasms at the skull base where the differential diagnosis included pituitary adenoma when the tumor was sellar/suprasellar, or other bone‐related tumors such as chordoma/chondrosarcoma when clivus/sphenoid bones were involved. Intraoperative diagnosis was facilitated by the use of cytologic preparations.
Herons in Aquafarms Are More Fearful of Humans
Authors: Yang Shuang , Lin Sidan , Liang Wei
Published: January 2025

Herons (Ardeidae), an important group in wetland ecosystems, have a particularly strong relationship with humans. However, their predation on farmed fish and shrimp in aquafarms can lead to economic losses for local fish farmers. Consequently, notable conflicts arise between fish farmers and herons. Fish farmers adopt various measures to deter herons from “stealing” their fish; however, there is limited research on the behavioral responses of herons under such pressures of human disturbance. Flight initiation distance (FID) is an important manifestation of avian anti‐predation behavior and serves as an indicator of birds' tolerance to human disturbance. This study investigated the potential variations in tolerance to human disturbance between the little egret (Egretta garzetta) and the Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus) in “stealing” environments (aquafarm environments) and non‐aquafarm environments in Hainan and Guangdong Provinces, south China, using FID as an indicator. Herons in aquafarm environments were less tolerant (having longer FIDs) to human disturbance compared to herons in non‐aquafarm environments. The main cause of this phenomenon could be the harsh deterrents used by humans to prevent herons from “stealing” fish. These deterrents increase the predation risk for herons when “stealing” in aquafarms, causing them to exhibit less tolerance to human disturbance. Our study increases understanding of the behavioral response patterns of herons in human–wildlife conflicts and provides valuable insights for more scientific and rational management and protection of Ardeidae species.
Winter Roost Preferences of Crows in Beijing City
Authors: Feng Junyang , Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Qianyi , Xia Canwei
Published: January 2025

During the winter season, an extensive population of crows (predominantly the carrion crow Corvus corone) seek refuge in Beijing's urban landscapes for roosting, subsequently generating noise and droppings that adversely affect the quality of life of residents. This study elucidates the selection criteria employed by crows in Beijing's urban areas for roosting sites. Drawing upon historical records and the outcomes of our survey, we observed a remarkable consistency in the selection of roosting locations by crows over time, with the same locations being preferentially chosen across different years. We also conducted a quantitative analysis of the habitat characteristics associated with the crow roosting sites. We discovered that crows demonstrate a preference for roosting sites situated in proximity to human structures, particularly towering buildings, which are often adjacent to broad roads. By understanding the factors that influence the selection of roosting sites by crows, policy‐makers and urban planners can devise targeted interventions aimed at mitigating conflicts between humans and crows.
Rationale and design of the FAIR‐HF2‐DZHK05 trial: Ferric carboxymaltose assessment of morbidity and mortality in patients with iron deficiency and chronic heart failure
Authors: Anker Stefan D. , Friede Tim , Butler Javed , Talha Khawaja M. , Diek Monika , Nosko Anna , Placzek Marius , Hasenfuß Gerd , Ponikowski Piotr , Karakas Mahir
Published: January 2025

Aims

While it is widely accepted that intravenous (IV) iron improves functional capacity, symptoms, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) diagnosed with iron deficiency (ID), three recently published cardiovascular outcome trials (AFFIRM‐AHF, IRONMAN and HEART‐FID) of IV iron supplementation in HF failed to demonstrate a significant benefit on their respective primary endpoints. Dosing of IV iron after the initial correction of baseline ID – by design or as a result of trial circumstances – was relatively low (i.e. <500 mg/year). The primary objective of the FAIR‐HF2 trial is to evaluate the treatment effect of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) compared with placebo in ambulatory patients with HFrEF using a higher dose of IV iron during follow‐up (i.e. >1000 mg/year). The second objective of the study is to create prospective evidence for patients fulfilling the new definition of ID for patients with HF, i.e. for those with a transferrin saturation <20%.

Methods

FAIR‐HF2 is an investigator‐initiated, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial that has recruited 1105 patients with chronic HF with a left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤45% and concomitant ID, defined as serum ferritin <100 ng/ml or serum ferritin 100–299 ng/ml with a transferrin saturation <20%. Patients were consented and randomized to receive either IV FCM (treatment) or saline (placebo). During an estimated median follow‐up of over 2 years, patients underwent a placebo‐controlled repletion and maintenance phase, with an initial iron supplementation of up to 2000 mg, followed by 500 mg every 4 months unless stop criteria of haemoglobin >16 mg/dl or serum ferritin >800 ng/ml are met on repeat visits. The trial will evaluate three primary hypotheses: (i) time to first event of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF, (ii) the rate of total (first and recurrent) HF hospitalizations (both analysed in the full study population), and (iii) the time to first event of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF in patients with a transferrin saturation <20% at baseline. The familywise type I error rate across the three primary endpoint hypotheses will be controlled using the Hochberg procedure (alpha 0.05).

Conclusion

The FAIR‐HF2 will evaluate the efficacy of FCM in patients with HFrEF in improving cardiovascular outcomes by utilizing a more aggressive approach towards iron supplementation ensuring prevention of transitional ID after initial repletion targets have been met.
Examining the Antecedents, Prevalence and Trajectories of Reactionary Collective Action Intentions Among Europeans Over Time
Authors: Lilly Kieren J. , González Roberto , Houkamau Carla A. , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny
Published: January 2025

Reactionary movements—movements that effectively increase inequality by advancing the rights of structurally advantaged groups—are of increasing concern in contemporary politics. Yet few studies assess support for these movements over time. We address this oversight in two studies examining reactionary collective action intentions over 9 years in a nationwide sample of New Zealand Europeans (Ntotal = 54,561). Random intercept cross‐lagged panel modelling (Study 1) and latent class growth analysis (Study 2) reveal that high ethnic identification, social dominance orientation and conservatism, but low system justification, predict both within‐person increases in, and class trajectories of, reactionary collective action intentions over time. Although most Europeans (86.62%) reported low and declining reactionary collective action intentions, a subgroup of Reactionaries (13.38%) emerged whose intentions increased over time. Collectively, these results highlight how and when reactionary collective action intentions emerge over time and illustrate the need to monitor social movements seeking to promote inequality.
Technological Innovation and Trade Orientation as Drivers of Renewable Energy Consumption: Panel Evidence from G7 Economies
Authors: Yu Minyan , Farooq Umar , Tabash Mosab I. , Aljughaiman Abdullah A. , Almulhim Abdulateif A.
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in industrialization have sparked substantial interest among the academic community and policymakers regarding energy consumption. The consumption patterns of distinct energy types seem to be influenced by many national and international factors. In this essence, this study investigates the effects of technological innovation and trade orientation on renewable energy consumption (REC). Using panel data from G‐7 economies from 2000 to 2019, Panel EGLS (estimated generalized least square) and ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) models are employed to check the regression. The analysis reveals that both technological innovation and export orientation have a significant and positive impact on REC. In contrast, import orientation negatively affects REC. The results highlight that technological advancements and a focus on export‐oriented trade strategies can significantly boost REC. Policymakers are encouraged to invest in research and development to advance renewable energy technologies and provide incentives for their adoption. These measures are crucial for achieving environmental sustainability and reducing pollution. The study provides valuable insights into how national and international trade dynamics influence renewable energy usage.
The level of emotional resilience among emergency medicine physicians in the western region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Taj Ahad M. , Alsulimani Loui K. , Qattan Murooj M. , Saadi Sufana M. , Jawhari Abdulkarim A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Resilience is crucial for healthcare professionals to resume work effectively after experiencing work stress. Studies conducted in Saudi Arabia have found that burnout is common among healthcare physicians.

Objectives

To assess the level of emotional resilience among emergency medicine physicians in Western Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted with emergency medicine physicians at all levels in Western Saudi Arabia. Participants completed an electronically distributed questionnaire on demographics and the level of practice. The Connor–Davidson Resilience scale (CD‐RISC‐25) was used to assess the participants' resilience.

Results

Of the 212 included participants, 58% of the group were 30 years and older, whereas 48% were below 30. The mean age was 32.04 ± 5.92 years, 67% were men. 29.7% were senior residents, 24.2% were consultants, 19.3% were specialists, 17.5% were junior residents, and 9.4% were general physicians. The mean total CD‐RISC score was 72.39 ± 15.74. The item that had the highest mean score in the CD‐RISC‐25 scale was “Good or bad, I believe that most things happen for a reason” (3.27 ± 0.9) and the item with the lowest mean score was “In dealing with life problems, sometimes you have to act on a hunch without knowing why” (2.6 ± 0.93). The CD‐RISC total score was significantly higher among participants who aged 30 years and above and among consultants. A significant positive correlation was found between the CD‐RISC total score and participants' age and level of practice and between participants' age and the mean scores of all seven components of the CD‐RISC‐25.

Conclusion

Resilience of emergency medicine physicians was proportionally correlated with their age and level of practice. Future research with larger samples is necessary to assess additional sociodemographic and employment‐related resilience characteristics.
Green preparation of metal–organic frameworks in deep eutectic systems with boosted photocatalytic activity
Authors: Jiang Wenqian , Chen Yumei , Ding Xinru , Bi Wentao
Published: January 2025

Background

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are known for their extensive specific surface area, robust stability, and diverse active sites, which make them highly effective for applications in photocatalysis. The deep eutectic system (DESys) offers a green alternative to traditional toxic organic solvents and can impart novel, eco‐friendly properties to synthesized materials. This study investigates DESys/MIL‐100(Fe), a MOF synthesized within a DESys, and its application for the photocatalytic decomposition of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC‐HCl). Compared to conventional synthesis methods, the DESys‐based approach avoids the use of toxic hydrofluoric acid and high‐pressure reaction equipment, making it more environmentally friendly and potentially suitable for large‐scale industrial production of MOFs.

Results

The results showed that DESys/MIL‐100(Fe) demonstrated significantly better photocatalytic performance for TC‐HCl degradation than the traditional MIL‐100(Fe) synthesized by conventional methods. After 2 h of visible‐light exposure, the decomposition efficiency of TC‐HCl reached 91.20% with DESys/MIL‐100(Fe), while it was only 38.74% with MIL‐100(Fe) under identical conditions. The improved performance of DESys/MIL‐100(Fe) can be attributed to its enhanced adsorption capabilities, increased number of active sites, greater absorption of visible light, and higher carrier density. These factors contribute to its superior catalytic efficiency.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that DESys/MIL‐100(Fe) not only exhibits outstanding stability and catalytic performance in the degradation of pollutants but also highlights the potential of using DESys for the green synthesis of high‐performance MOFs. This approach offers a sustainable pathway for the large‐scale production of MOFs with superior photocatalytic properties for environmental applications. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Mental health and treatment use in undergraduate engineering students: A comparative analysis to students in other academic fields of study
Authors: Whitwer Matthew D. , Wilson Sarah A. , Hammer Joseph H. , Gomer Brenna
Published: January 2025

Background

Engineering students experience high levels of distress and low rates of mental health treatment seeking, yet there is a gap in knowledge around how this compares with that of students in other fields of study. Given the influence of social identity (e.g., gender identity, race/ethnicity) on mental health and treatment seeking, it is important to account for sociodemographic variation across fields when performing such comparisons.

Purpose

This study used Andersen's Behavioral Model to compare mental health distress and treatment use between students in engineering and other fields while controlling for sociodemographic factors.

Methods

Survey data came from the 2021–2022 Healthy Minds Study (N > 50,000). Measures related to mental health, treatment use, and diagnosis were examined. Descriptive statistics were determined for each field of study, and regression analyses were used to assess differences across fields while accounting for covariates.

Results

Compared to students from other fields, engineering students were among the least likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, 44.4% of undergraduate engineering students screened positive for current depression and/or anxiety. Of those who screened positive, only 40.4% had received therapy/counseling in the past year. Further, they were the least likely to have received a depression or anxiety diagnosis when compared to students from other fields.

Conclusion

When controlling for sociodemographic factors, undergraduate engineering students reported lower rates of mental health distress and treatment use compared to students in other fields. This study highlights the need for considering engineering culture in the interpretation of student mental health and treatment.
Protocol for Oligonucleotides Characterization Using Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography
Authors: Guillarme Davy , Fekete Szabolcs , Studzińska Sylwia
Published: January 2025

Oligonucleotides (ONs) are an increasingly popular category of molecules in the pharmaceutical landscape, particularly attractive for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases. However, analyzing these molecules presents significant challenges, due to their highly hydrophilic nature, multiple negative charges, and the presence of closely related impurities resulting from the complex solid‐phase synthesis process. Ion pairing reverse‐phase liquid chromatography (IP‐RPLC) is the preferred technique for ONs analysis but is not ideal for mass spectrometry (MS) coupling. Consequently, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative strategies with hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) emerging as one of the most promising options. As HILIC is not yet fully established for the analysis of ONs, we have prepared this protocol paper to facilitate entry into this field. It not only provides best practices, opportunities, and potential advantages but also caveats and other important considerations for using HILIC to characterize ONs. The paper addresses the selection of stationary and mobile phases, optimization of gradient conditions, MS coupling, and key aspects to consider when manipulating ON samples. We hope this protocol will help establish HILIC as a more universal solution for ONs analysis.
Combined Deep Plane Facelift/Necklift and Inspire Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Surgery
Authors: Dodhia Sonam , Taylor Cullen , Barrera José E.
Published: January 2025

A 63 year old female patient presented to our office with two chief complaints, (1) severe OSA with CPAP intolerance and (2) cosmetic face and neck concerns regarding facial rhytids, jowls, and neck laxity. She was evaluated for Inspire candidacy and found to be an appropriate candidate. She underwent a combined Inspire hypoglossal nerve stimulator implant and deep plane facelift and necklift surgery to address her sleep apnea and her cosmetic concerns. Through the combined approach, we were able to provide appropriate exposure for the hypoglossal nerve implant and achieve excellent cosmetic results. Techniques utilized that contributed to her superior cosmetic results include gonion augmentation, partial submandibular gland resection, anterior belly of the digastric resection, and extended platysmal myotomy and plication. We demonstrate through this case that deep plane facelift/necklift and Inspire hypoglossal nerve stimulator implant can be performed together safely and with successful sleep and cosmetic outcomes. Laryngoscope, 2025
Lingual Artery Identification for Ligation in Neck Dissection and Transoral Surgery for Oropharyngeal Tumors
Authors: Chia Clemente , Sharp Samuel , Zhang Henry , Magarey Matthew J.R.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and transoral laser microsurgery (TOLM) plus neck dissection are viable alternatives to radiotherapy as a treatment modality in select cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Many centers advocate for elective ligation of the feeding arteries at index neck dissection prior to TORS/TOLM to mitigate the risk of catastrophic perioperative hemorrhage. Although there are multiple cadaveric studies in the literature to identify the lingual artery at multiple points throughout its course, there are no studies on the intraoperative identification of the lingual artery for elective ligation prior to TORS/TOLM.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients undergoing neck dissection with vessel ligation prior to TORS. Lingual artery was identified at its origin, and relation to hypoglossal nerve was recorded. Patient demographics, intraoperative findings including the relation between lingual artery and hypoglossal nerve measured in millimeters, and postoperative complications were extracted from medical records.

Results

Of the 33 cases eligible for this study, the lingual artery was identified directly deep to the hypoglossal nerve in 21 cases (63.6%). Of the remaining cases, seven were within 5 mm inferior to the hypoglossal nerve (21.2%), and only two cases (6.1%) were identified superior to the hypoglossal nerve.

Conclusion

The hypoglossal nerve is a useful landmark for the intraoperative identification of the lingual nerve in elective neck dissection prior to TORS. The lingual artery can be identified either immediately deep to or within 5 mm inferior to the hypoglossal nerve in majority of cases.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2025
Conductive Open‐Cell Silicone Foam for Tunable Damping and Impact Sensing Application
Authors: Preuer Rene , Sleichrt Jan , Kytyr Daniel , Lindner Philip , Cakmak Umut , Graz Ingrid
Published: January 2025

Nature has long served as a source of inspiration for the development of new materials, with foam‐like structures in citrus fruits such as oranges and pomelos serving as examples of efficient energy dissipation. Inspired by the internal structure of citrus fruit, soft conductive silicone foams are fabricated. The foams are made from a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by mold casting using sugar templates. Addition of silicone oil and carbon black to the silicone allows creation of extremely soft foams that serve as resistive sensor. Completed by a pneumatic radial compression actuator (PRCA) surrounding the foams like a ring in analogy to citrus fruit peel, smart tunable dampers with sensing capabilities are demonstrated. The foams are evaluated for their electrical and mechanical properties alone as well as in conjunction with the PRCA. When pressurized, the PRCA radially compresses the smart foams, allowing to tune their stiffness and thus damping properties. Tunability of this system is evaluated by means of ball drop tests with respect to damping as well as the sensor performance regarding its sensitivity and stability. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the behavior of conductive silicone foams and their potential as cushioning and impact sensing material.
Professional Learning in a Web‐Based Community of Practice Of, By, and For Chinese Primary Science Teachers: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Jin Xiaowan , Tang Xiaowei , Yu Bojun , Li Zuomin , Chen Jianqiu , Zhu Zuanbiao , Zhu Bin , Chen Meijuan , Ding Bangping
Published: January 2025

This study examines Chinese primary science teachers' professional learning experience in a web‐based community of practice established and run by practitioners, with support from teacher researchers. Over time, it has grown into a preferred knowledge‐sharing base for primary science teachers of the region and gradually gained national recognition. Through narrative inquiry, we reconstruct a story that shows how the community emerged and developed into a way of empowering Chinese primary science teachers in their own professional development. Adopting the community of practice framework (Wenger 1998) and with attention guided by the metaphorical space of temporality, sociality, and place, our analysis brings out how the external contexts, the organizational features, and the teachers' learning practices intertwined and contribute to the long‐lasting success of this community. Some of the key organizational features we identify go beyond the ones stressed by the existing literature. More importantly, we show the critical role external contexts can play in the working mechanism of a web‐based community. On that basis, we suggested the need to enrich the methodological choices and broaden the scope of this line of research.