bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards an interdisciplinary science of the subjective experience of remembering
Authors: Simons Jon , Mitrenga Kaja Julia , Fernyhough Charles
Published: November 2019

Some of the most interesting advances in the study of episodic memory have come from considering different levels of analysis. In this article, we focus on how insights from multiple disciplines can inform understanding of the subjective experience of remembering. For example, we highlight how inspiration from the arts and humanities can generate novel research questions that can elucidate the cognitive and brain mechanisms responsible for what it feels like to remember a previous experience. We also consider how a multi-level perspective can help to address some confusions in the literature, such as between reconsolidation and reconstruction, and how a full understanding of memory requires appreciation of social and cultural factors.
Further evidence that only children are not more narcissistic than individuals with siblings
Authors: Foster Joshua D. , Raley Jennifer , Isen Joshua D.
Published: November 2019

Are only children more narcissistic than individuals with siblings? Prior research on the topic has produced conflicting and/or inconclusive results. Dufner et al., 2019 published a recent and widely reported empirical test of this hypothesis and concluded that only children are not more narcissistic than non-only children. One of their acknowledged limitations was that their study was limited to the German population. They called for additional tests in other countries. In this paper, we report results from a high-powered test of this hypothesis using multiple measures of narcissism (i.e., two full-scale and 10 facet-level measures) and a large sample (N = 8,689) of American college students. Despite this study possessing extraordinary statistical power, we likewise fail to observe any notable differences in narcissism between only children and non-only children. Follow up equivalence and Bayesian testing suggested generally strong to very strong support for the null hypothesis that only children and non-only children are equivalent in terms of narcissism.
The Generalizability Crisis
Authors: Yarkoni Tal
Published: November 2019

Most theories and hypotheses in psychology are verbal in nature, yet their evaluation overwhelmingly relies on inferential statistical procedures. The validity of the move from qualitative to quantitative analysis depends on the verbal and statistical expressions of a hypothesis being closely aligned—that is, that the two must refer to roughly the same set of hypothetical observations. Here I argue that many applications of statistical inference in psychology fail to meet this basic condition. Focusing on the most widely used class of model in psychology—the linear mixed model—I explore the consequences of failing to statistically operationalize verbal hypotheses in a way that respects researchers' actual generalization intentions. I demonstrate that whereas the "random effect" formalism is used pervasively in psychology to model inter-subject variability, few researchers accord the same treatment to other variables they clearly intend to generalize over (e.g., stimuli, tasks, or research sites). The under-specification of random effects imposes far stronger constraints on the generalizability of results than most researchers appreciate. Ignoring these constraints can dramatically inflate false positive rates, and often leads researchers to draw sweeping verbal generalizations that lack a meaningful connection to the statistical quantities they are putatively based on. I argue that the failure to problems many of psychology's ongoing problems (e.g., the replication crisis), and conclude with a discussion of several potential avenues for improvement.
Young Children use Supply and Demand to Infer Desirability
Authors: Huh Michelle , Friedman Ori
Published: November 2019

In 4 experiments, we show that young children (total N = 290) use information about supply and demand to infer the desirability of resources. In each experiment, children saw scenarios about sandwiches from different shops, which varied in supply (number of sandwiches produced for the day) and demand (number of customers attracted). In Experiments 1 and 2, 5- to 6-year-olds gave higher desirability ratings for sandwiches from shops with greater than lesser demand when supply was held constant. In Experiment 3, 5- to 7-year-olds gave higher desirability ratings for sandwiches from shops with less than more supply when demand was held constant. Finally, in Experiment 4, 5- to 6-year-olds were more likely to judge that sandwiches came from a good shop (rather than from a bad one) when demand exceeded supply than when supply exceeded demand. Together, the findings reveal a way that children can infer how desirable resources are, without needing to incur the costs that would normally be required to obtain and sample the resources themselves.
Measuring Founding Strategy
Authors: Guzman Jorge , Li Aishen
Published: November 2019

We introduce a novel approach to measure the founding strategic differentiation of startups and its relationship to follow-on performance. We use natural language processing and historical websites to estimate the similarity between the founding website of an individual startup, the historical website of public firms at the startup's founding year, and the founding website of other startups founded in the same year. We propose that distance in the value proposition stated in these websites represents differentiation in the market. Startup differentiation is estimated as the average text-based distance from the five closest incumbents (public firms). We implement this approach using a large sample of startups from Crunchbase. Our measure predicts a meaningful increase in early stage financing and equity outcomes, unconditionally and controlling for cohort and industry fixed effects. The positive benefits of equity outcomes only evidence themselves after year 6 of age, suggesting more differentiated firms may take longer to prove themselves. Using out-of-sample tests, we also demonstrate that our measure is economically important, predicting 30% of the total variation in the receipt of early stage financing and 20% of variation in equity outcomes. Public datasets of our differentiation score and scraped website data are provided, together with open source code to replicate our approach in other settings.
Designing Assessment Instrument for Environmental Learning that is Scientific Literacy-Oriented
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi , Saputri Wahyu Eka
Published: November 2019

The goal of this cross-sectional survey research was to find the validity and reliability of assessment instrument for environmental topics learning that is scientific literacy-oriented. To reveal validity is assessed based on obtain judgement expert and reliability measured by internal consistency. It was gained that the validity is 8 items very feasible and 2item quite feasible with reliability’s value is 0.763. It shows that all items can be used to analyzing difficulties of students for designing environmental topics learning that is scientific literacy-oriented’s lesson plan.
Rheumatic Heart Disease in school going children: A cross-sectional epidemiological profile of Jajarkot, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Prakash Raj , Shakya Urmila , Adhikaree Ajay , Paudyal Jigyasa Regmi
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is the most common heart disease among children and young adults in Nepal. Identifying the prevalence of RHD is important in planning RHD prevention program. There are few studies on RHD conducted among children of unreached population of Nepal. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological status of RHD among school going children living in rural and underdeveloped community of Jajarkot, Nepal.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 6,147 school going children of age group 5 to 16 years from 24 randomly selected schools of Jajarkot in the month of May, 2018. A team of cardiologists from Nepal Heart Foundation examined the children. Diagnosis of RHD was confirmed by echocardiography. Selected socio-demographic data were collected. All positive cases were reviewed by senior cardiologist. Information obtained were analyzed. Frequency and percentage for the categorical data were calculated. Prevalence was reported as cases per thousand school children.

Results: The overall prevalence of RHD was 7.32 per 1000 schoolchildren. Borderline RHD was 1.30 per 1000 and definite RHD 6.02 per 1000. On severity scale, mild RHD was 6.18, moderate RHD 0.81 and severe RHD 0.33 per 1000 respectively. Prevalence of RHD varied with age, sex, ethnicity, and severity. RHD was found higher among males, 10-16 years age group and underprivileged children.

Conclusion: Jajarkot is found to be a RHD endemic zone in Nepal where prevention efforts should be initiated urgently.
Study of clinical profile and outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST Elevation Myocardial Infraction
Authors: Koirala Parash , Gajurel Ratna Mani , Poudel Chandra Mani , Shrestha Hemant , Devkota Surya , Thapa Sanjeev , Thapa Shovit , Pathak Surya
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the preferred method of revascularization in Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Our aim was to study the clinical profile and outcomes of patients who underwent PCI for STEMI at tertiary cardiac centre of Nepal.

Methods: It is a retrospective, single centre study, performed at Tribhuvan University, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal. All patients who underwent PCI for STEMI from November 2015 to July 2018 were enrolled in this study. All the data were collected from hospital registry and cath lab records.

Results: The Study showed that out of 232 patients who presented with STEMI, 74.5% were male with average age of 57.39 years. The mean time of presentation after onset of symptom/s was 17.5 hours. About 66% patients presented in less than 12 hours of symptoms onset, 21% presented at 12-24 hours of symptoms onset and 13% patients presented late. Primary PCI was done in 87% of patients. Almost all patients (98.2%) underwent coronary artery stenting with drug eluting stents. Multivessel PCI during index procedure was done in 7 patients. TIMI III flow following PCI was achieved in 97% cases. Average LVEF at discharge was 44.73%. There were 8 deaths, all after Primary PCI. In-hospital mortality rates for patients presenting with and without cardiogenic shock were 38.46% and 1.59% respectively. The overall mortality rate was 3.98%.

Conclusion: This study has reemphasized that PCI is effective in the management of STEMI cases in Nepal with improving mortality rates and decreasing complications. Minimizing the delayed presentation after the onset of symptoms should be one of the prime focuses for effective management of STEMI.
Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent School Girls of Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Rajbhandari Ajay Kumar , Sagtani R.A. , GC K. , Dhaubanjar R.
Published: November 2019

Adolescence is a transition phase from childhood to womanhood and is marked by onset of menstruation. But, it is still viewed as a religiously impure occurrence in Nepalese society due to social stigma and taboo attached to it. Menstruating females are susceptible to infections and thus, are required to maintain additional hygiene and sanitation. This study tried to explore the existing knowledge and practices on menstrual hygiene among adolescents in Bhaktapur, Nepal.The study included 168 adolescent girls studying in grade nine and ten from four different schools of Bhaktapur Municipality. A self-administered questionnaire developed in local language was used for data collection. These data were entered and analyzed using SPSS-17. Menstruation was considered as a natural physiological phenomenon by 94.6% of the adolescent school girls. Most (93.5%) of the girls used commercially available sanitary pads. The primary source of information on menstruation was their mother however, 35.1% of them reported that they had no prior knowledge on menarche. The major reasons for school absenteeism were discomfort, lack of continuous water supply and shame or fear of staining. Correct knowledge and practice score was not associated with paternal or maternal education while it was negatively correlated with age of adolescents. This study highlights the need to strengthen existing menstruation hygiene management programs in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Emphasis should be laid on providing information to girls who have not experienced menarche and also reinforce it among those who are becoming mature.
Perception of Pain resulting from Orthodontic Separators in Orthodontic Patients Visiting Dental Department at a Private Hospital
Authors: Piya Anshu , Shrestha B.V. , Acharya J.
Published: November 2019

Pain is a response, which varies from one individual to another. Factors such as age, gender, magnitude of force applied, emotional status, individual pain threshold, etc., might affect pain. Patients who desire for orthodontic treatment are often afraid of having pain and discomfort during various stages of orthodontic treatment. This has become one of the most commonly reported complaint and reason for discontinuing orthodontic treatment. This study aims at examining the intensity of pain in orthodontic patients’ experience following the insertion of separators attending Department of Orthodontics in Nepal Medical College. Eighty six patients (26 males and 60 females) who came to department of orthodontics for fixed orthodontic treatment were selected with age range of 15-26 years. Elastomeric separators were placed mesially and distally to the upper and lower first permanent molars in all patients. Following placement of separator, the patients were given self‑administrated questionnaires and they were properly instructed on how to answer the questions. Descriptive statistics of different factors for pain perception were assessed using SPSS 16. Most of the patients had pain on second day of separator placement and among them females experienced more pain than males. Then pain slowly decreased after day 3 and disappeared after day 5. More females experienced continuous type of pain and took analgesics compared to males. Results showed that pain began a few hours after application of orthodontic force and lasted for around 5 days. Most of the patients reported pain during eating and chewing on second day and had to change their food habits into softer one. Younger age group patients experienced more pain compared to older age groups.
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Sharma Sita , Shakya U. , Gorkhali B. , Neupane S.
Published: November 2019

Anxiety and depression are very common comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study was aimed at documenting the prevalence anxiety and depression in COPD patient attending tertiary level hospital. A quantitative cross sectional analytical study was carried out in 221 patients with previously diagnosed COPD. Participants were recruited from respiratory OPD at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Anxiety and depression were screened using previously validated Nepalese version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and dyspnea was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC). COPD Assessment Test (CAT) was used to measure the impact of COPD on daily life. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Out of 221, 140 patients (63.3%) had anxiety and 153 patients (69.2%) had depression and 133 (60.2%) had both psychiatric symptoms. Factors associated with anxiety and depression in COPD patients were age, ethnicity, educational status, marital status, current working status, duration of illness, history of previous hospitalization, number of hospitalization in previous year, domiciliary oxygen therapy comorbidities along with dyspnea, CAT score. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in COPD patients.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ram Prasad , Shrestha S. , Barakoti A. , Rai J.R. , Amatya R.
Published: November 2019

Resistance to vancomycin and high level aminoglycosides are common among Enterococcus spp. and are being increasingly reported from different parts of the world. These resistance phenomena in enterococci have limited the therapeutic options to treat the infections caused by them. The objective of our study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. (n=60) isolated over a year from clinical specimens received from patients visiting Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. All enterococci were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, high level gentamicin resistance testing by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin by agar dilution method. Prevalence of high level gentamicin resistance among enterococci was 55%. None of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin by both disc diffusion and agar dilution method. However 8.3% of them were intermediate to vancomycin. All of these vancomycin intermediate isolates were from samples from hospital admitted patients and resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and high level gentamicin. Present findings were suggestive of possible emergence of vancomycin resistant enterococci in the hospital if immediate and adequate control measures are not implemented.
Demographic Window of Opportunity in Nepal
Authors: Chalise Hom Nath
Published: November 2019

The demographic dividend (or window of opportunity) is the period during which a country's population experiences age structures that are highly favourable for development. Greater proportion of population becomes young and working age group. This cuts spending on dependents and spurring economic growth. Demographic dividend has importance in the national development if it is understood well and planned well for the national development. Nepal has already entered in demographic window of opportunity and this dividend phase ends around 2045. Government is lacking to utilize this dividend in the absence of stable government and proper policy requirements.
Challenges of Tourism Marketing In Nepal: Global and Regional Perspective
Authors: Basnet Bagala
Published: November 2019

Tourism is very popular due to its growing importance in every sphere of human life. It is considered as a smokeless industry and has grown up very fasten the last few decades. It is a service industry and most sectors of it are labor-intensive and require relatively short training for most of the jobs. It is supported by hotels, airlines, travel and tour and handicrafts industries. The study of marketing helps to fulfill the needs and wants of the consumer or users in a better way. It also helps the service providers to earn sufficient profit through customer satisfaction. In the past, product oriented marketing has helped to increase visitor’s arrival. But in recent years, attention has been shifted from product destination to potential destination visitors. Nepal is a land of natural wonderland cultural mosaic. This small country in South Asia has unlimited possibilities of promoting various kinds of tourism. The only thing lacking is a will and enthusiasm on our part. Looking at the global trend, the competition towards getting the highest share of ever growing tourism industry, it is becoming fiercer and challenging. Now the time has come to improve the socio-economic condition of Nepal through the sustainable development of tourism and categorizing Nepal as one of the best destinations in the world.
Study on the Prospects of Promoting Dhaka Cloth Production in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Erene
Published: November 2019

Research Study on the prospects of promoting Dhaka cloth production in Nepal is aimed to explore the present situation and the future prospects of the expansion of Dhaka industry in Nepal. Dhaka cloth is swivel woven through handloom traditional cloth. Its manufacturing is concentrated mainly in Kahtmandu valley, Pokhara and Palpa and in recent years in the hills of eastern Nepal Therathum etc. The research is conducted taking interviews with the owners of Palpali Dhaka Udyog, The rathume Dhaka Udyog Dhaka weaves, Mahaguthi, Dhanakuta sisters entrepreneurs in Kupondole and visiting and interviewing in Gharelu Udyog in Tripureswar and visiting some of the retail shops of Kathmandu valley, where different types of Dhaka are sold from different parts of the countries. A questionnaire is developed to be answered by the retail sellers and another questionnaire was developed by the Dhaka factory owners. The questionnaire include mostly with their production purchases, sales, weaving techniques, yarn used dyeing methods etc. Secondary literature and information are hardly used in this research paper.

Possibilities of prospects for the expansion of exports lie in modernization in certain segment of the sectors to ensure the right quality of fabrics used in the garments extension of technical assistance, training and modern techniques and designs. Dhaka weaves export the products in Norvey, Switzerland, Japan, America etc. In the past, it also used to supply in royal family. There is also a good prospect for selling of efficient manufacturing units in the form of export oriented joint ventures in response to the condisreable opportunities available in dynamic export market. Handloom units of the country substituted by the big mills and factories can be organized and modernized for export oriented handloom cloth production if well planned improvement in loom yarn consumption, methods and designs are made.
Utilization and Conservation Of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: A Case Study from Mwdr, Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Kabi Prasad
Published: November 2019

Mid Western Development Region (MWDR), a part of Nepali Himalayas, the globally significant and biologically diverse ecosystems, is remarkably rich in medicinal and aromatic plants, and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Government recorded data shows that about 700 species of herbal shrubs and NTFPs are found in the region and they are very important natural resources for human beings and for environmental balance. However, these vital and life supporting plants are in threats from deforestation, degradation, overuse and misuse. Unsustainable harvesting, improper storing, unfair trading, common property mismanagement, and policy environments have combined caused such valuable plants to vanish rapidly. The present paper based on empirical evidences points out that without people's participation in resource development, conservation and management it is difficult to enhance the production of locally available resources on one hand, and not possible to reduce the rate of poverty and environmental deterioration on the other. Moreover, the findings of the study emphasize on the need of integrated conservation and development activities through watershed management in order to promote the sustainable livelihoods of people in the region.
Socio Economic Conditions of the Tharu Community in Patihani VDC, Chitwan
Authors: Khaniya Prem Raj
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with the socio- economic conditions of the Tharu community in the Patihani VDC in Chitwan district. The paper is based on primary data for which a field survey was conducted in 2009. Questionnaire has been used as the major instrument for data collection. The total number of households covered in this study was 45. The heads of households were the respondents of this study. The study indicates that socio- economic conditions of the Tharus is gradually deteriorating.
An Exploration of the Career Motivations Stated by Early-Career Veterinarians in Australia
Authors: Cake Martin A. , Mansfield Caroline F. , McArthur Michelle L. , Zaki Sanaa , Matthew Susan M.
Published: November 2019

Despite the critical influence of motivation on education and work outcomes, little is known about the motivations driving people to become and remain veterinarians. This qualitative study explored the career motivations stated by Australian veterinary graduates ( n = 43) using a free-response Ten Statements Test (TST) at graduation, with follow-up interviews 6–8 months later ( n = 10). TST responses were coded using an alternate inductive-deductive approach that tested their fit against existing theories of motivation. Results showed that the stated motivations were predominantly oriented to perceived value, rather than self-beliefs such as expectancy of success. About a quarter of the statements were animal-related, principally themed around intrinsic animal orientation (e.g., I like animals) or extrinsic animal-related purpose (e.g., I want to help animals). However, many non-animal themes also emerged, including both intrinsic (e.g., love of learning, challenge/problem solving, variety, social relatedness) and extrinsic (e.g., helping people, social contribution, career opportunity) motivations. Interview data revealed a motivational narrative of early formative influences, with some interviewees describing a later transition toward more people- or goal-oriented motivations. This exploratory study, outlining a broad taxonomy of veterinary career motivations and their alignment to self-determination theory in particular, may provide a useful framework for exploring career motivations in veterinary education.
The Peculiarities of Oil Displacement in the Process of Oscillating Injection of Polymer Solution into the Bed with Layered Heterogeneity
Authors: Pogrebnyak V. G. , Perkun І. V.
Published: November 2019

The authors study the filtration flow of polyethylene oxide (PEO) water solutions of molecular weights 4∙106 and 6∙106 within the concentration range from 0 to 0.05% when exposed to an oscillating hydrodynamic field. Photographs characterizing the displacement of oil (with a viscosity of 10 to 50 mPa. s) with PEO water solutions from model porous formations with layered heterogeneity have been obtained. They have made it possible to specify the effectiveness of different oil displacement modes.  It is shown that pumping a polymer solution into porous heterogeneous strata, while exposing it to oscillating hydrodynamic field, proved to yield a higher oil displacement ratio, as compared with a stationary oil displacement mode. The authors find out the conditions providing the positive influence on elastic deformations effects in the process of enhanced oil recovery by using polymer solutions. If elastic deformations take place, the filtration flow of polymer solutions should be carried out in the oscillating mode, whereas the frequency of the oscillating effect on the filtration flow should correspond to the dissipative function maximum. The stated results of the polymer solution flow research, under model conditions of a porous bed, have confirmed the nonlinearity mechanism of the polymer solutions filtration flow. In essence, the molecular and macromolecular non-linearity mechanism of the polymer solutions filtration flow means that in a porous medium under the influence of quasi-regular longitudinal velocity gradients, there arise self-sustained oscillations of reversible macromolecular deployment; the deployed macromolecules, in turn, influence the structure of the filtration flow, both on the molecular and macromolecular levels. Deformation oscillations of macromolecules and dissolubility of dynamic macromolecular structures formed under the influence of tensile currents result in the energy dissipation increase and the filtration flow nonlinearity. The nonlinearity of polymer solutions filtration flow ensures the alignment of the frontal advance of the polymer solutions within a porous bed with a layered heterogeneity and, consequently, higher oil displacement efficiency.
The Prospects of Using the Mechanical Activation Method in the Technological Processes of Oil and Gas Production
Authors: Orfanova M. M.
Published: November 2019

The need to improve the technological processes of raw fuel resources processing, to search for new technologies and to involve oil and gas waste production wastes as anthropogenic resources becomes urgent. The main directions of using the effects of the mechanical activation of substances in the technological processes of oil and gas production are analyzed.  A brief description of the method of mechanical activation is provided. The prospect of using the method of mechanical activation to solve the problem of waste disposal is shown. The author analyzes the main directions of mechanical activation influence used for changing the composition and properties of hydrocarbons and considers the possibilities of mechanical activation of a substance as an efficient way for accelerating the mechano-chemical processes that occur in hydrocarbons due to intense mechanical loads. The article generalizes the research results concerning the effect of mechanical activation on changes in the physical-chemical properties of oil, fuel oil, bottoms and sludge. The results of using mechanical activation for the preparation of plug-back mixtures based on silica sand and quartziferous waste are summarized. The laboratory research was carried out at a centrifugal-planetary mill. It is established that under the conditions of mechanical activation of hydrocarbons their destruction occurs. The process of transformations is a chain nature. The areas of mechanical and chemical transformations, change of fraction content in residual fuel oil, bottom products, and natural gasoline have been investigated. It has been established that destruction of hydrocarbon fractions takes place. The author demonstrates that processing modes, time and mechanical loads affect the course of hydrocarbon destruction, and its results depend on the type of substance. The researcher proves that it is promising to use the method of mechanical activation to control the properties of mineral flour obtained on the basis of oil sludge. The results of the research indicate clearly that it is possible to get different volume of the light cuts yield by regulating the modes of hydrocarbons processing. The author shows the possibility of increasing the depth of oil refining, as well as the possibility of obtaining a cement mixture with the addition of up to 30% of mechanically activated quartziferous additive without deteriorating the characteristics of cement stone achieved. The method of mechanical activation is promising for the utilization of the wastes of oil and gas complex, as these wastes can be considered the anthropogenic raw materials.
Life Cycle Assessment as a Tool of Eco-Efficiency of Oil And Gas Production Facilities
Authors: Yatsyshyn T. M.
Published: November 2019

Aiming at improving the eco-efficiency of the oil and gas industry, the author suggests the use of life cycle assessment methodology to study oil and gas production facilities as illustrated by the oil-and-gas well. The peculiarities of the research object are the complexity of technological processes and equipment and the multifactorial effects on the environment. The basic principles of the methodology of life cycle assessment have been analyzed. The author specifies the boundaries of the investigated system which includes all stages of the life cycle of an oil-and-gas well: site preparation, rigging up, well drilling, testing, rigging down, assembly of production equipment, well development, well operation, closing-in, well decommissioning. The inventory of single processes of the production system was carried out. It gives a possibility to identify incoming and outgoing elementary flows at each stage. The histograms to determine the power and diversity of incoming and outgoing flows have been built. The approximate duration of each stage is given. This duration makes it possible to estimate the exposure time of single processes and to identify the potential effects on the environment. The most resource-consuming stages have been established. They are drilling, rigging up, rigging down, and decommissioning of wells. Based on to the results of analytical studies of the outgoing flows, the stages with the greatest diversity and flow capacity are established. The potential risk of hazardous environmental emergencies during the life cycle of the investigated facility is determined. The obtained data give a possibility to start researching those processes and / or equipment with which there is intense movement of flows with significant effects on the environment, as well as to develop innovative technical solutions and improve technological processes to reduce the harmful effects on the environment. The conducted research determines a number of advantages of the life cycle assessment methodology for improving the indicators of eco-efficiency. The advantages include a systematic study of the effects of the activities, the multivariate analysis, the identification of the potential for the reduction of impacts and constant improvement throughout the life cycle.
À mesa com Marcel Proust
Authors: Jacob Michelle Cristine Medeiros , Silva Josimey Costa da
Published: November 2019

A literatura e a comida são produtos de significação cultural. A análise do componente alimentar de textos literários, portanto, pode se constituir em um profícuo campo de investigação nas Humanidades. Compreendendo o texto literário como o produto de inter-relações entre o sentido atribuído pelo leitor, a voz ficcional e o seu contexto de produção, o objetivo deste artigo, apresentar um recorte da alimentação na vida de Marcel Proust, autor de Em busca do tempo perdido.
VISI ISLAM DALAM AGAMA DAN PERADABAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF MARSHALL G.S HODGSON
Authors: Na’imah Farida Ulvi
Published: November 2019

This study describes Marshall G. Hodgson's thinking about the study of Islamic history studies in his work entitled The Venture of Islam. The research used in this study is analytical descriptive, which is a study that examines Marshall G.S Hodgson's thinking about Islamic history studies then parses and identifies the patterns of thought. According to Marshall G. S. Hodgson the history of Islam is the result of the ever-changing setting shaped by the Islamic tradition. In addition, it is also the result of a process of accomodation or acculturation from other pre-existing cultural traditions. Based on this view, and in the context of conversations about Islamic civilization, Marshall G. S. Hodgson emphasized the importance of seeing cultural continuity occurring at the level of religion, expressed by Muslims. Marshall G.S. Hudgson in seeing the reality of Islam in the world classifies in three forms of Islamic phenomena as the object of study. First, the phenomenon of Islam as a doctrine (Islamic), second, the phenomenon when the doctrine enters and processes in a cultural society (Islamicate) and manifests itself in a particular social and historical context. And thirdly, when Islam became a phenomenon of the political "world" in state institutions (Islamdom).
ZAKAT DALAM MENDORONG PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN
Authors: Sundari Sundari
Published: November 2019

This study aims to analyze empirically whether zakat has an impact on efforts to reduce the level of poverty. As the main problem faced by the Indonesian people is the problem of poverty. From several analysis results show that zakat can reduce the number and percentage of poor families, and reduce the depth and severity of poverty. The results revealed that the provision of productive zakat capital in the form of business capital has a positive impact and can reduce the poverty rate. Therefore, the provision of productive zakat in the form of venture capital can be continued and upgraded.In addition to the need to develop the distribution of zakat to micro small medium enterprises (SMEs) or group of joint ventures (KUBE) so that there is collaboration and synergy between individuals. Based on the results of the study there is a positive influence between the utilization of productive zakat programs LAZ An-Naafi 'Boyolali to income mustahiq. That income mustahiq influenced by the utilization of productive zakat with a large contribution of influence is 30.5%. This can be seen from the development of income and fulfillment needs mustahiq after following the program of productive zakat empowerment LAZ An-Naafi 'Boyolali which can also be used for venture capital.
Health Utility Scores of Hearing-Impaired Thais
Authors: Pitathawatchai Pittayapon , Wannaro Wirawan , Pongprawat Patchanok , Tunthanathip Thara , Lourencone Luiz
Published: November 2019

Objective: To assess the health utility scores of Thais with hearing loss, which can be used as a reference value for assessing health-related quality of life and economic evaluations in any interventions among hearing-impaired persons in Thailand. Material and Methods: All hearing-impaired persons who visited Songklanagarind Hospital between January and June 2019 were recruited for the study. The demographic and clinical data of the participants including gender, age, and type and degree of hearing loss were collected. A health-related quality of life interview was conducted using the EuroQoL five-dimensional questionnaire, Thai version. Independent t-test and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to assess which factors were associated independently with the health utility scores. Results: One hundred and eleven participants, 46 males and 65 females, ranging in age from 22 to 92 years, were recruited for the study. The average health utility scores were 0.81 and 0.86 for subjects not using and using hearing aids, respectively, similar to the results from other nations. The average health utility score of subjects with underlying diseases (0.79) was lower than the average health utility score of subjects without underlying diseases (0.87) with statistical significance (p-value=0.038). Additionally, the pure tone average in the better ear was the only variable significantly associated with the health utility scores (regression coefficient: -0.004, p-value=0.002). Conclusion: The average health utility scores among hearing-impaired Thais were 0.81 and 0.86 for subjects not using and using hearing aids, respectively.
Water Pump Management Using Photovoltaic Plates in Santa Fe - Amazonas Community
Authors: Sabino da Silva Antônio Jackson , Da Silva Oliveira Livia , Barbosa de Alencar David , Estanislau Sanches Antônio
Published: November 2019

Electricity in today's world is one of the biggest concerns. Through clean sources, photovoltaic systems emerge as an alternative to this kind of problem.This work proposes the development of a photovoltaic system that will be applied to water pumping using a pump. Through the presented data, it will be possible to analyze if the photovoltaic energy is reliable and to propose solutions to the problem of residential water supply in the communities that do not have access to the electricity grid.
Administrative Empowerment as an Approach to Total Quality Management in Kindergarten
Authors: Abdelkareem Enas Ragab , Sherif Elsayed Abdelkader , Ahmed Somia Ali
Published: November 2019

The current research aimed to diagnose the current reality of administrative empowerment in kindergarten, to diagnose the current reality of total quality management as well, in addition to identify the nature of the relationship between the level of administrative empowerment and the level of practicing total quality management in Kindergarten, and finally to monitor the obstacles facing administrative empowerment in kindergarten so as to develop some recommendations to overcome these obstacles and to achieve total quality management in kindergarten. Data collection tools were two questionnaires - prepared by the researcher -. The research sample consisted of (110) kindergarten leaders of Directors, Deputy Directors and Head teachers from kindergarten, Minia Educational Administrations, from the nine centers of Minia Governorate. Findings of the study revealed the following: administrative empowerment in kindergarten was achieved at a low level and total quality management was achieved at a low level as well; in addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between administrative empowerment and total quality management in kindergarten; moreover, the research sample mentioned a set of obstacles facing administrative empowerment in kindergarten. Then the research sample suggested a number of suggestions to overcome these obstacles in order to achieve total quality management and a number of suggestions to activate total quality management in kindergarten.
Hallazgos clínicos y electrocardiográficos en pacientes pediátricos con comunicación interauricular
Authors: Chin Suh Dong , Greco Junior , Romero Fátima , Spinzi Lorena , Real Chantal , Vargas-Peña Milagros , Jarolín Jorge
Published: November 2019

Introducción: La comunicación interauricular (CIA) es una cardiopatía congénita frecuente, cuyo diagnóstico es difícil en pacientes paucisintomáticos. Sin tratamiento, puede complicarse con insuficiencia cardiaca, arritmias e hipertensión pulmonar. El electrocardiograma puede proporcionar indicios de esta cardiopatía. Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos clínicos y electrocardiográficos de pacientes portadores de CIA. Materiales y Métodos: Trabajo retrospectivo, de pacientes menores de 18 años, evaluados cardiológicamente de enero 2008 a diciembre de 2013. Se describen las variables electrocardiográficas y semiológicas sugestivas de CIA.  Resultados: Hubo 77 pacientes con CIA. Los motivos de consulta más frecuentes entre los pacientes con CIA fueron el soplo cardiaco, el síndrome de Down y la disnea. En el examen físico de los pacientes con CIA: soplo sistólico en 69% y R2 desdoblado en 56%. En el electrocardiograma, los pacientes tuvieron QRS de 79 ms, eje eléctrico desviado hacia la derecha, BIRD y notch. Los criterios de sobrecarga ventricular derecha (SVD) más frecuentes fueron la onda S profunda en V6 y la onda R alta en V1. La auscultación de un R2 desdoblado en el examen físico, así como la SVD y el patrón notch fueron los hallazgos más frecuentes en pacientes con CIA. Conclusión: el electrocardiograma constituye una herramienta válida en la evaluación de pacientes con sospecha de CIA pero precisa de la combinación de hallazgos clínicos para llegar al diagnóstico.
Tumores cardíacos de resorte quirúrgico. Serie de Casos
Authors: Garay Nancy , Alvarez Soledad , Melgarejo Marcos , Verón Carlos , Meza Maria Esther , Bellasai José
Published: November 2019

Introducción: Los tumores cardiacos son infrecuentes en la edad pediátrica, en su mayoría son primarios y benignos (90%), siendo los más frecuentes los Rabdomiomas, Fibromas y Mixomas.  Las indicaciones quirúrgicas están relacionadas al efecto hemodinámico o mecánico, arritmias y/o disfunción ventricular que ocasionan, más que a su origen anatomopatológico de benignidad o tamaño tumoral. En los tumores malignos o metastásicos la conducta a seguir la determina el origen primario del tumor, así como el estadio en que se encuentra cada paciente. Objetivos: Presentar la casuística y conducta médica de pacientes con Tumor Cardiaco sometidos a exéresis quirúrgica, así como su evolución inmediata y a mediano plazo. Material y Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo, observacional, mediante la revisión de datos de historias clínicas de niños diagnosticados con tumores cardiacos por ecocardiografía transtorácica. Resultados: En nuestra casuística, 4 de los 5 tumores fueron benignos (80%) y 1 maligno (20%); hubo 100% de coincidencia del hallazgo por Ecocardiografía bidimensional transtorácico de imagen de masa tumoral con el hallazgo quirúrgico; el diagnóstico histopatológico informó Mixoma en 3 casos (60%), 1 paciente (20%) Rabdomioma gigante y 1 paciente (20%) Carcionoma Mucoepidermoide de Timo. Encontramos correlación positiva entre el diagnóstico clínico-imageneológico y los resultados histopatológicos. Discusión: Los tumores cardiacos primarios benignos, tuvieron indicación de exéresis quirúrgica basados en su localización y repercusión hemodinámica obstructiva a las vías de entrada ventriculares. En el caso del carcinoma mucoepidermoide de timo de bajo grado de malignidad, el diagnóstico y resección quirúrgica precoz permitió la exéresis total, no requiriendo terapia adicional. La evolución posoperatoria sin complicaciones a excepción de un caso (20%) que requirió asistencia con ECMO. Todos fueron dados de alta y permanecen asintomáticos y sin regresión tumoral a 5 años del primer caso y 18 del ultimo. La ecocardiografía transtorácica bidimensional continúa siendo un método diagnóstico de elección para estos casos.
Readmission after spinal epidural abscess management in urban populations: a bi-institutional study
Authors: Longo Michael , Pennington Zach , Gelfand Yaroslav , De la Garza Ramos Rafael , Echt Murray , Ahmed A. Karim , Yanamadala Vijay , Sciubba Daniel M. , Yassari Reza
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

The incidence of spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is rising, yet there are few reports discussing readmission rates or predisposing factors for readmission after treatment. The aims of the present study were to determine the rate of 90-day readmission following medical or surgical treatment of SEA in an urban population, identify patients at increased risk for readmission, and delineate the principal causes of readmission.

METHODS

Neurosurgery records from two large urban institutions were reviewed to identify patients who were treated for SEA. Patients who died during admission or were discharged to hospice were excluded. Univariate analysis was performed using chi-square and Student t-tests to identify potential predictors of readmission. A multivariate logistic regression model, controlled for age, body mass index, sex, and institution, was used to determine significant predictors of readmission.

RESULTS

Of 103 patients with identified SEA, 97 met the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 57.1 years, and 56 patients (57.7%) were male. The all-cause 90-day readmission rate was 37.1%. Infection (sepsis, osteomyelitis, persistent abscess, bacteremia) was the most common cause of readmission, accounting for 36.1% of all readmissions. Neither pretreatment neurological deficit (p = 0.16) nor use of surgical versus medical management (p = 0.33) was significantly associated with readmission. Multivariate analysis identified immunocompromised status (p = 0.036; OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.5) and hepatic disease (chronic hepatitis or alcohol abuse) (p = 0.033; OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.7) as positive predictors of 90-day readmission.

CONCLUSIONS

The most common indication for readmission was persistent infection. Readmission was unrelated to baseline neurological status or management strategy. However, both hepatic disease and baseline immunosuppression significantly increased the odds of 90-day readmission after SEA treatment. Patients with these conditions may require closer follow-up upon discharge to reduce overall morbidity and hospital costs associated with SEA.