bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis morfométrico y batimétrico del lago Pomacochas (Perú)
Authors: Barboza Castillo Elgar , Maicelo Quintana Jorge Luis , Vigo Mestanza Carmen Natividad , Castro Silupú Jorge , Oliva Manuel
Published: April 2023

En este artículo, se presenta la morfometría del lago Pomacochas, localizado en el distrito de Florida, provincia de Bongará de la región Amazonas. Para llevar a cabo el estudio se utilizó una lancha de motor fuera de borda y se establecieron 25 líneas de oeste a este, separadas a una distancia de aproximadamente 100 m. Estas mediciones fueron realizadas en el mes de julio del 2015. En total, se tomaron datos en 427 puntos a lo largo de todo el espejo de agua. Para  la caracterización del lago se realizó la batimetría y se calcularon los parámetros morfométricos primarios (volumen, área del lago, perímetro, longitud máxima, amplitud máxima y profundidad máxima) y secundarios (profundidad media, profundidad relativa, desarrollo del volumen, desarrollo del perímetro, amplitud media, pendiente media y la relación de profundidad). Posteriormente, para la confección del mapa batimétrico, se utilizó el Programa Surfer v.10.1 (Surface Mapping System) y los datos fueron procesados para elaborar modelos tridimensionales, y modelos de curvas a nivel del lecho del lago Pomacochas. Asimismo, se estimó  el volumen de agua en 137 282 483,64 m³ y el área del espejo de agua en 4 245 834,95 m2 , los cuales tienden a cambiar según la época del año y el uso del agua.
Editorial
Authors: Zvi Savit Aaron
Published: April 2023

El Comité  Editor  de la revista  INDES,  perteneciente    al Instituto  de Investigación   para el  Desarrollo  Sustentable   de Ceja de Selva, tiene   el  agrado  de presentar  el primer  número   del volumen Nº 2 de la revista.   Esta edición  pone  gran  relevancia  en el  tema de Biodiversidad   y Medio  Ambiente,   mostrando  investigaciones   realizadas   por científicos   de reconocida  trayectoria  nacional  e internacional.   Las  investigaciones    son la expresión  de los trabajos  realizados  en distintas  áreas, tanto  dentro  de la  región  Amazonas   como  fuera  de ella.  Todas  estas  investigaciones   se realizan en  concordancia   de los objetivos  de su Institución,    que consiste  en  generar  investigaciones   inter- disciplinarias   referidas  a Biodiversidad   y Medio Ambiente.Muchas  de las  investigaciones    tienen   como  eje principal  la  necesidad   de conocer  y preservar  el medio  ambiente  saludable  para  las  futuras  generaciones.    Trazado  este objetivo,   los  investigado- res  de esta revista  ponen   de manifiesto   la riqueza  de la Biodiversidad    y la  realidad   ambiental   de las  distintas   regiones  de nuestro  país.  Mucha  de esta biodivcrsidad    viene siendo  afectada  por una serie de problemáticas   ambientales,  que rompen  las  relaciones  de armonía  entre el  ser humano  y la  naturaleza.    En tal  sentido,   estas  investigaciones    corroboran  dicha  situación,   poniendo  de ma- nifiesto  el trabajo  realizado  durante  este periodo.Esperamos que esta revista.  sea el punto  de partida para  la toma  de decisiones    en el ámbito  me- dioambicntalista. Poniendo   de manifiesto   nuestro  deseo  de aportar  de manera  significativa    en esta decisiones.Agradecemos  a todos los investigadores  que participaron  en la producción  de la presente   revista.  Sa- bemos que realizaron   un arduo esfuerzo  para  concretar  dichos  trabajos.   Esperamos puedan  seguir aportando en el campo de la investigación,   para lograr  un mayor  conocimiento   sobre estos temas por parte de nuestros lectores.
Efecto de los sistemas de producción sobre las características físico-químicas de los suelos del distrito de Molinopampa, provincia de Chachapoyas, región Amazonas
Authors: Oliva Manuel , Vásquez Pérez Hector Vladimir , Vigo Mestanza Carmen Natividad
Published: April 2023

El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes sistemas de producción en las características físico-químicas del suelo en el distrito de Molinopampa, considerándose para ello sistemas de pastoreo a campo abierto (SCA), sistemas silvopastoriles con Pinus patula  (SSP pino), sistemas silvopastoriles con Alnus acuminata (SSP aliso), y un bosque natural (BN) como testigo absoluto.  Se seleccionaron dos fincas por cada sistema de pastoreo, dentro de las cuales se aperturaron ocho calicatas para cada sistema, extrayéndose las muestras de suelo a una profundidad de 30 cm, haciendo un total de 64 calicatas e igual número de muestras de suelo. Posteriormente estas muestras fueron llevadas al laboratorio de Investigación de Suelos y Aguas de la UNTRM para determinar clase textural, pH, conductividad eléctrica, materia orgánica, carbono orgánico, fósforo, nitrógeno, y la densidad aparente respectiva; además se realizaron mediciones de compactación con la ayuda de un penetómetro digital. Como resultado se pudo observar que los SSP pino y SSP aliso albergan en mayor proporción materia orgánica, carbono orgánico, nitrógeno y fósforo, en comparación con un SCA (Tukey p>0,05); además los SSP pino y SSP aliso son los que más se asemejan al sistema de BN en términos de características fisicoquímicas del suelo.
Registro del género Vaccimum en el norte del Perú
Authors: Mejía Coico Freddy , De La Cruz Castillo Jordan , Mostacero León José , López Medina Eloy , Gonza Carnero Aracely
Published: April 2023

El género Vaccinium abarca una amplia gama de especies frutales de gran demanda en el mercado externo, y que hasta hace poco se creía como único centro geográfico de este frutal al Hemisferio Norte, especialmente Norteamérica y Europa. Hoy en día se sabe que Perú presenta una gran diversidad de especies endémicas de este género, así como muchas otras que crecen en nuestros climas y que aún no han sido estudiadas, pero son consumidas y/o utilizadas por el poblador local como alimento o medicina. Además, las especies originarias del Perú pueden superar por mucho, en cuanto a la concentración en principios activos, a sus homologas del Hemisferio Norte. Por ello se planteó como objetivo realizar un registro del género Vaccinium en el norte del Perú. Se llevó a cabo una revisión crítica de libros, folletos científicos, trabajos de investigación y visitas a diferentes Herbarios del Norte del país. Se reportaron 10 especies para este género, de las cuales seis son endémicas; en este sentido los hábitats ocupados por estas especies se sitúan en bosques de árboles y arbustos, laderas empinadas rocosas, jaleas graminosas, y bosques montanos húmedos, creciendo a una altitud de entre 2000 y 4000 m s. n. m.
Evaluación de la calidad ecológica del agua en la microcuenca El Chido e intermicrocuenca Allpachaca - Lindapa, Amazonas, Perú
Authors: Gamarra Torres Oscar Andrés , Yalta Meza Jeimis Royler , Salas López Rolando , Alvarado Chuquizuta Lleydy , Oliva Cruz Segundo Manuel
Published: April 2023

Se realizó la valoración de la calidad ecológica del agua en la microcuenca El Chido e intermicrocuenca Allpachaca-Lindapa, mediante el establecimiento de 12 estaciones de muestreo en la microcuenca Chido, tres en la quebrada Allpachaca y dos en la quebrada Lindapa. Se emplearon índices biológicos tales como el Índice Biótico Andino (ABI) y el Índice Biological Monitoring Working Party modificado para Colombia (BMWP/Col), e índices de entorno como el Índice de Hábitat Fluvial (IHF) y el Índice de Calidad de Bosque de Ribera Andino (QBR-And).Los resultados de la evaluación determinaron que la calidad ecológica de la quebrada El Chido y la quebrada Allpachaca es buena, mientras que en la quebrada Lindapa disminuye a la categoría de regular. La calidad biológica determinó que las fuentes de agua en las tres quebradas son buenas o muy buenas, encontrándose en la microcuenca El Chido un total de 10 539 individuos representados en 45 familias y 10 órdenes, 969 individuos en la quebrada Allpachaca representados en 26 familias y 9 órdenes, y 851 individuos distribuidos en 25 familias y 7 órdenes en la quebrada Lindapa.
Detección de conexiones clandestinas de agua potable con métodos acústicos – un nuevo método y su aplicación en campo
Authors: Ziemendorff Stefan
Published: April 2023

Uno de los principales problemas que enfrentan las Entidades Prestadoras de Servicios de Saneamiento (EPS) tanto en el Perú como en otros países es el hurto de agua potable, comúnmente denominado clandestinaje. El clandestinaje de agua se da de muchas formas y por varios motivos, por lo cual las maneras de combatirlo deben ser igual de diversas. Un método totalmente novedoso se ha probado exitosamente en la ciudad de Moquegua, Perú, en 2016: la detección acústica de tuberías enterradas – incluyendo conexiones clandestinas – mediante el sistema COMBIPHON. El artículo describe en forma pormenorizada el proyecto piloto, así como las limitaciones y potencialidades de este novedoso método.
Efecto de dos enmiendas cálcicas y dos abonos orgánicos en el rendimiento de la especie forrajera Setaria sphacelata “Nicarion”, Molinopampa – Chachapoyas – Amazonas
Authors: Juárez Contreras Lily del Pilar , Collazos Silva Roicer , Oliva Manuel , Leiva Espinoza Santos , Vásquez Héctor , Bardales William
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de dos enmiendas cálcicas y dos abonos orgánicos en el rendimiento de la especie forrajera Setaria sphacelata “Nicarion”, Molinopampa – Chachapoyas - Amazonas. Setaria sphacelata “Nicarion” es una gramínea forrajera, apetecible y de rendimiento elevado para pastoreo, forraje verde y ensilado. Se puede encontrar en suelos con valores de pH extremos. Se utilizó el diseño experimental DCA con 15 tratamientos y dos repeticiones utilizando dos enmiendas cálcicas (Dolomita y Cal Agrícola) y dos abonos orgánicos (Guano de Islas y Humus) en diferentes dosis. El procesamiento de la información se realizó mediante el análisis de varianza y la prueba de Tukey (α = 0,05 %) para la comparación de medias. Como resultado se obtuvo que en todos los tratamientos existieron diferencias signiﬁcativas en comparación con el testigo absoluto (p<0,05), siendo el más destacado el T8 con diferencias altamente signiﬁcativas (p<0,01).  En el T1 se obtuvo un rendimiento de 19 Tn/Ha de forraje verde y 4 Tn/Ha de materia seca, con un 8,5 % de proteína y aprovechado a los 95 días, en comparación con el T8 donde se incorporó la mejor dosis tanto en enmiendas como en abonos orgánicos dando como resultado un rendimiento de 43 Tn/Ha de forraje verde y 15 Tn/Ha de materia seca, con un 9,5 % de proteína y se aprovechó en 83 días.
Determinación de la concentración de material particulado menor a 10 micras (PM10) en vías urbanas de la ciudad de Tarapoto, Perú
Authors: Rodríguez Calampa Nelson Yohel
Published: April 2023

En la presente investigación se evaluó la concentración de material particulado menor a 10 micras (PM10) en vías urbanas de la ciudad de Tarapoto (Perú), producto de la emisión de gases del parque automotor y otras actividades que generan agentes atmosféricos contaminantes. Para realizar la evaluación se seleccionaron dos estaciones de monitoreo; la ubicación de las estaciones, el muestreo de material particulado y el procesamiento de datos se realizó teniendo en cuenta la metodología establecida en el protocolo nacional de monitoreo de calidad de aire propuesto por la Dirección General de Salud Ambiental (DIGESA). Los resultados obtenidos se compararon con los Estándares Nacionales de Calidad Ambiental del Aire (ECAs) y el Índice de Calidad del Aire (INCA). Los resultados registrados en las Estaciones 1 y 2 fueron de 33,99 y 37,88 μg/m3, respectivamente, los cuales demuestran que no se han excedido las concentraciones del contaminante de PM10 establecidas en los ECAs de 150 μg/m3. Finalmente, al comparar con el INCA se establece que la calidad del aire se encuentra dentro del rango establecido como “BUENA”.
Criminological characteristics of thefts committed with illegal entry into a dwelling in the Republic of Tyva
Authors: Ondar Aldyn-Kherel Ezir-oolovich , Mongush Aziyana Saryg-Oolovna
Published: April 2023

This article presents the characteristic features of thefts committed with illegal entry into the homes of citizens in the Republic of Tuva. In particular, regional peculiarities of the commission of thefts involving illegal entry into the home are noted. The methods of penetration into the dwelling are considered: by breaking the door, locking devices, door lock, penetration through the window, by exposing or breaking glass, selecting a key, etc. In the course of scientific research, general scientific methods, formal legal methods, and special research methods were used. Content analysis of documents, empirical research methods, questionnaires, interviewing, analysis, synthesis, etc.   In the first scientific article, an attempt was made to analyze the criminological characteristics of thefts committed with illegal entry into a dwelling in the Republic of Tyva. The main reasons and conditions under which thefts involving illegal entry into a dwelling in the Republic of Tyva are committed are listed. The peculiarities of the personality of a criminal encroaching on someone else's property in the Republic of Tyva are studied. Conclusions are drawn based on the results of an empirical study, in particular on the basis of a survey conducted in the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Republic of Tyva. The authors refer to statistical data from open sources of information.
"Our Grand Inquisitor is a very good Man": to the Scientific Biography of Naum Abramovich Bortnik (1911-1977)
Authors: Kapsalykova Karina Ramazanovna
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the scientific biography of the Soviet medievalist, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Nahum Abramovich Bortnik (1911-1977). The author pays special attention to the period of the Great Patriotic War. Letters addressed to N. A. Bortnik are introduced into scientific circulation. The letter of the writer Isaac Sadykov, who worked a lot in Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic War, sheds light on the literary life of the city. Special attention is paid to the discussions, sometimes acute, emotional, devoid of academic chic, which flared up between M. Ja. Sjuzjumov and N. A. Bortnik. The article publishes the minutes of the meeting of the Department of General History of the Ural State University. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to reconstruct the scientific biographies of Soviet historians. This work is important for the preservation of the scientific heritage of our country. The publication of sources, in this case, is the only antidote against the tenets of "cathedral historiography" and empty references "separated by commas" in the notes for the next anniversary date. The article is a continuation of the study of the biographies of historians who were part of M. Ja. Sjuzjumov's "inner circle" and represents an independent scientific problem. The complete opposite of M. Ja. Sjuzjumov was undoubtedly N. A. Bortnik (1911-1977). They were separated by many things. Thus, M. Ja. Sjuzjumov belonged to the last generation of pre-revolutionary historians. Naum Abramovich Bortnik was a representative of the first generation of Soviet scientists. Professor Sjuzjumov has been developing the theory of dialectical continuity all his life; Professor Bortnik followed the "romantic school", highly appreciating the role of the masses of the people. M. Ja. Sjuzjumov saw echoes of political struggle in heretical movements; N. A. Bortnik insisted on the most important role of the leaders of the masses.
Structural bases of the Terrorist State in Latin America
Authors: Cañón Voirin Julio Lisandro
Published: April 2023

In this study, we historicize the processes that allow us to understand or establish regimes of state terrorism outside the American continent. For isso, in each of the sections that make up this work, we make a review of the most structural conditions and the counter-revolutionary tendencies that have been implemented since the second goal of the XX century. The adoption of terrorist practices by States does not mean just a change in its legal nature, it is limited to a question of repressive techniques, a specific political phenomenon, an extreme form of capitalist State.
Programa Pacto Pela Vida de Pernambuco
Authors: Rocha Glauciene Farias , Souza Marco Antonio Mondaini de , Fernandes Maria Nilvane
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo problematizar os impactos do Programa Pacto Pela Vida no sistema socioeducativo de Pernambuco. A proposta em questão está ancorada nos pressupostos do materialismo histórico-dialético, tendo como fonte de coleta de dados a pesquisa documental. A análise de documentos governamentais de fonte primária evidenciou que o avanço identificado no marco legal não acompanhou a realidade dos adolescentes privados de liberdade que historicamente vivenciam situações de negligência e violação de direitos humanos. O estudo concluiu que a implantação do Programa significou um maior encarceramento do público adolescente; maior apreensão de jovens acusados de tráfico de drogas; e ainda, um aumento do orçamento destinado às Unidades socioeducativas. Tais resultados evidenciam que o estado de Pernambuco seguiu a receita estadunidense na estratégia de criminalização da pobreza.
Low-memory shape coils for intracranial aneurysm coiling: Initial and single-center experience with the i-ED coil
Authors: Bazil Maximilian Jeremy , Fifi Johanna T. , Yaeger Kurt A. , Leacy Reade A. De , Kellner Christopher Paul , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi
Published: April 2023

Background:

Endovascular aneurysmal coiling is a preventative alternative to clipping to avoid aneurysmal rupture. In the literature and our own experience, some common coiling challenges which arise include: (1) microcatheter kickback, (2) detachment zone rigidity, (3) intrasaccular compartmentalization of coils on deployment, and (4) attainability of high-density and effective packing with as few coils as possible.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive case series of 15 intracranial aneurysm patients who received Kaneka i-ED Coils since their initial use in our practice (December 2020) till May 2022.

Results:

Of the 14 saccular aneurysm patients treated with i-ED coils, 2/14 (14.3%) achieved a Raymond-Roy (RR) score of 3A (internal remnant), 4/14 (28.6%) achieved RR 2 (slight neck remnant) and 8/14 (57.1%) achieved RR 1. One MoyaMoya patient (5.9%) with a fusiform aneurysm also achieved a complete occlusion by parent artery takedown in this series. Aneurysm volumes ranged from 8.15 mm 3 to 315.5 mm 3 with an average packing density of 36.23% and a standard deviation 8.87%. At 30 days, most of our cohort scored a 0 on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) (11/15), with two patients scoring at an mRS score of 1, one at an mRS score of 4, and one at an mRS score of 6. Low-memory shape, coil cases achieved a significantly higher packing density (P < 0.01) and PD/Coils-used ratio (P < 0.05) than other cases in our practice.

Conclusion:

Our initial experience with i-ED coils has shown that they are a feasible strategy in a number of differently sized and shaped aneurysms. While fewer coils overall were not a statistically significant finding in this study, the future studies with larger cohorts are necessary and in progress.
Middle fossa triangles – A step-by-step dissection
Authors: Rosa Magno Rocha Freitas , Nigri Flavio , Zimpel Vanessa Milanese Holanda , Neto Mateus Reghin
Published: April 2023

Background:

The anatomy and surgical approach to the cavernous sinus and the middle fossa can constitute a considerable challenge, specially for young surgeons. Although their surgical explorations have gone through a popular phase in the past, to this date, they remain an uncomfortable subject for many neurosurgeons. The aim of this paper is to systematically review its anatomy and multiple corridors through a step-by-step dissection of the middle fossa triangles, providing a roadmap for surgeons.

Methods:

A step-by-step dissection of the cavernous sinus was performed in two fresh-frozen cadavers aiming to describe the anatomy of ten different middle fossa triangles, demonstrating the feasibility of the use of their spaces while surgically approaching this area.

Results:

The intradural opening of the roof of the cavernous sinus was obtained by dissection of clinoidal, carotid-oculomotor, supratrochlear, optic-carotideal, and oculomotor triangles, allowing an expanded superior view. On the counterpart, the extradural exploration of the lateral wall through the middle fossa floor peeling exposed the infratrochlear, anteromedial, and anterolateral triangles. The middle fossa floor itself was the door to approaching posterior fossa through anterior petrosectomy. The dissection of each individual triangle can be amplified exponentially with exploration of its adjacents, providing broader surgical corridors.

Conclusion:

The cavernous sinus still remains far from an “every man’s land,” but its systematic study based on direct approaches can ease the challenges of its surgical exploration, allowing surgeons to feel more comfortable with its navigation, with consequently benefit in the treatment of patients.
The biochemical basis of neurodegenerative disease: The role of immunoexcitoxicity and ways to possibly attenuate it
Authors: Blaylock Russell L.
Published: April 2023

There is growing evidence that inflammation secondary to immune activation is intimately connected to excitotoxicity. We now know that most peripheral tissues contain fully operational glutamate receptors. While most of the available research deals with excitotoxicity in central nervous system (CNS) tissues, this is no longer true. Even plant has been found to contain glutamate receptors. Most of the immune cells, including mask cells, contain glutamate receptors. The receptors are altered by inflammation, both chemokine and cytokines. A host of new diseases have been found that are caused by immunity to certain glutamate receptors, as we see with Rasmussen’s encephalitis. In this paper, I try to explain this connection and possible ways to reduce or even stop the reaction.
Angiomatous meningioma associated with rapidly aggravated peritumoral leptomeningitis: A case report
Authors: Nakajima Hideki , Tsuchiya Takuro , Shimizu Shigetoshi , Murata Tetsuya , Suzuki Hidenori
Published: April 2023

Background:

A special type of meningioma is known to have infiltrated inflammatory cells within the tumor, associated with peritumoral inflammation. However, there have been no reports of meningioma with inflammatory response only around the tumor, without inflammatory cells within the tumor itself.

Case Description:

A 70-year-old woman presented with transient right hemiparesis due to an extra-axial tumor on the left frontal convexity. The tumor appeared hypointense on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images without peritumoral edema, and was homogenously enhanced associated with the peritumoral leptomeningeal enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed an increase in the number of inflammatory cells with a predominance of mononuclear cells. During the following 1 month, the tumor size was unchanged, but the peritumoral leptomeningeal enhancement was remarkably enlarged with uncontrolled focal seizures. The tumor was subtotally removed and semisolid substances in the subarachnoid space were biopsied. Pathological examination with immunostaining revealed angiomatous meningioma: the tumor had no inflammatory cell infiltration within it, but was associated with the infiltration of immunoglobulin G4-negative lymphocytes into the border zone between the tumor and the dura mater, as well as numerous neutrophils and fibrinous exudates in the peritumoral subarachnoid space. The tumor removal rapidly improved the leptomeningeal enhancement and inflammatory reactions.

Conclusion:

The authors reported the first case of angiomatous meningioma associated with massive peritumoral inflammation without inflammatory infiltrates within the tumor itself.
Transition Metal Azahemiporphycenes as Singlet Oxygen Sensitizers
Authors: Alemayehu Abraham , Gagnon Kevin J. , Rousselin Yoann , Schmallegger Max , Borisov Sergey , Ghosh Abhik
Published: April 2023

Using free-base tris(p-X-phenyl)corrole (X = H, Me, OMe) as starting materials and 4-aminotriazole as the nitrogen source, we used a DDQ-mediated, room-temperature strategy for generating isocorrole synthesis to obtain the corresponding 6-azahemiporphycenes, H2[X-AHP], one of which was structurally characterized with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The free-base ligands were readily derivatized to their Pd(II), Pt(II), and Mn(II) complexes; of these, one Pd(II) complex was structurally characterized. Three of the complexes, M[Me-AHP] (M = Pd, Pt, Mn), were singled out for photophysical and singlet oxygen sensitization studies. Although none of the new complexes proved luminescent, Pd[Me-AHP] was found to be an excellent singlet oxygen sensitizer, with a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 84% in 9:1 v/v ethanol:tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The corresponding value for Pt[Me-AHP] was found to be only 11% and that for Mn[Me-AHP] essentially 0%. These singlet oxygen quantum yields were consonant with triplet lifetimes accessed via transition absorption spectroscopy. Combined with their strong absorption in the red, these findings suggest that palladium 6-azahemiporphycenes are worthy of exploration as a new class of triplet photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer and other diseases.
Mechanistic Studies on Rh-Catalyzed Ligand-Controlled Chemoselective Hydrothiolation of Cyclopropenes
Authors: Tang Dingyi , Chen Zhizheng , Su Xiaoxi , Qu Shuanglin
Published: April 2023

Recently, it has been reported that Rh-catalyzed ligand-controlled hydrothiolation of cyclopropenes leads to cyclopropyl or allylic sulfides with high regiocontrol. However, there has yet to be any previous research investigating the detailed mechanism of this reaction. Therefore, density functional theory calculations were performed to provide mechanistic insight into the hydrothiolation of cyclopropenes. The study results show that when L5 is the ligand, cyclopropyl sulfide 3 is the main product, and reductive elimination is the rate-determining step. However, allylic sulfide 4 becomes the primary product when L8 is employed. The reaction follows the carbene formation pathway instead of the initially proposed cyclopropene π bond activation pathway. The chemoselectivity is determined by the competition with Rh−Cγ insertion and reductive elimination. When L5 as the ligand, the origin of the chemoselectivity can be attributed to the electronic effect, steric hindrance effect, and C–H…π interaction. Additionally, the distortion/interaction analysis shows that the allylic sulfide originated predominantly due to the lower distortion energy of the substrate fragment in the reductive elimination transition state under the L8 ligand.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid Using Sea Urchin-like Tungsten Oxide Nanostructure Modified SPCE
Authors: Oğuz Merve , Aykaç Ahmet , Şen Mustafa
Published: April 2023

Here, screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) were modified with ultrafine and mainly monodisperse sea urchin-like tungsten oxide (SUWO3) nanostructures synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method for highly sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). Sea urchin-like nanostructures were clearly observed in scanning electron microscope images and WO3 composition was confirmed with XRD, FTIR and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Modification SPCEs with SUWO3 nanostructures via the drop-casting method clearly reduced the R𝑐𝑡 value of the electrodes, lowered the ΔEp and enhanced the DA oxidation current due to high electrocatalytic activity. As a result, SUWO3/SPCEs enabled highly sensitive detection of DA (LOD: 51.4 nM and sensitivity: 127 μAmM−1cm−2) and UA (LOD: 253 nM and sensitivity: 55.9 μAmM−1cm−2) at low concentration. Lastly, SUWO3/SPCEs were tested with artificial urine, in which acceptable recoveries for both molecules were obtained. Given the high selectivity, the sensor has the potential to be used for highly sensitive simultaneous detection of DA and UA in real biological samples
Rac1 inhibition protect against platelet induced organ injury in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil ,Iraq, Jawdat Sabri Helen , Ahmad Hwaiz Rundk
Published: April 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the common causes for activation of platelet. Inflammation-induced abnormal platelet function contributes to chronic complications, which are consider the leading causes of death and morbidity among diabetics. Objective: Rac1, a 21kD G-protein has been shown to regulate a variety of platelet functions; we predicted that Rac1 could regulate platelet release of CXCL4 and CCL5, which may leads to organ injury in Diabetes Mellitus. Patients and Methods: Diabetes Mellitus' effect on Rac1 activation implicated in platelet activation, was investigated as platelet-induced inflammation and organ injuries. Swiss albino male mice were pretreated with 5 mg/kg of a specific Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 and injected with (45 mg/kg body wt.) streptozotocin, twice for five days. Moreover, the concentration of serum chemokines CXCL4 and CCL5 were assayed using ELISA, and histology scores for kidney and pancreas was examined. Results: Our results show that Diabetes Mellitus was induced in mice by streptozotocin. In addition, platelet chemokines (CXCL4, CCL5) were markedly higher in diabetic mice when compared to the sham group. Moreover, pretreatment of diabetic mice induced by STZ, with NSC23766 decreased kidney and pancreatic injuries assessed by histology score, P-value <0.05. Conclusion: Our study reveals that Rac1 has a critical role in platelet chemokines secretion due to diabetes-induced inflammation in the kidneys and pancreas, and targeting Rac1 could be a target for innovative treatment to control inflammation in a diabetic individual. Targeting platelets involved in inflammatory pathways could be part of a strategy in order to control and manage diabetes consequences
Doubt flap technique in pterygium surgery
Authors:   College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq, Abdulgani Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Background: A pterygium is a triangular fibrovascular sub-epithelial ingrowth of degenerative bulbar conjunctival tissue over the limbus onto the cornea. The mainstay of treatment is surgery with more measures to decrease the recurrence rate. Pterygium doesn’t need intervention unless there is an extension of the lesion towards the center of the cornea and it encroaches on the visual axis, or is symptomatic in terms of redness and discomfort. Objective: To present a new surgical technique for managing primary pterygium. We aim to find a more effective method than the one previously used. We wanted to demonstrate and prove that this technique has low recurrence rates. Patients and Methods: A Hospital-based interventional case series study, sampling done by simple random sampling from the outpatient departments. The study was conducted in the ophthalmology department of Erbil teaching hospital in Erbil city for eight months from August 2021-April 2022. In the current study 40 patients with pterygium were operated that they were attending the ophthalmology department in this hospital. Results: The result revealed 3 cases of recurrence of 7.5% out of 40 cases using a dual flap technique as a new approach for treating pterygium in the follow-up of 3 months, in which the mean ± SD of age was 46.3 ± 10.537 years. Twenty four cases were female, and 16 were male; all of the lesions were nasally located pterygium. In the sample we used in the study 5 patients had had pterygium excision using other techniques in the past at least once, and neither of them recurred utilizing this approach. Conclusion: The double flap is a proper alternative technique in pterygium surgery; this new procedure, dual conjunctival flap with 7.5% recurrence rates and provides safe and comparable results to current methods.
CORRUPTION AS A THREAT TO ECONOMIC SECURITY
Authors: Shumilina Vera , Shabelnikov Evgeny
Published: April 2023

Today, one of the serious problems of economic security of both the state and individual regions is corruption, which has long been a threat to Russian society, the state and the economy. Therefore, one of the priority tasks facing the state and each subject of the Russian Federation is the implementation of an effective fight against corruption and its consequences.
TERRORISM IN THE ECONOMY
Authors: Shumilina Vera , Bondarev Nikita
Published: April 2023

This article examines terrorism as a distinct form of crime, operating not only within a single state but also globally. The sources of funding for terrorist organisations and their movements have been analysed. The opinion that the economic component and various economic factors form the basis for terrorism was considered. The article also highlighted the methods of money laundering and the key factors of the chosen country for money laundering
THE IMPACT OF THE SANCTIONS FACTOR ON THE ECONOMY OF RUSSIA
Authors: Scherbakova Tat'yana , Kochetov Alexander
Published: April 2023

The paper assesses the degree of impact of anti-Russian sanctions on the national economy, classifies sanctions by spheres and branches of the economy, assesses the effectiveness of the anti-sanctions policy of the government of the Russian Federation in 2022. The author examines the principles and approaches to the formation of a new paradigm of economic development of Russia in the medium term.
Field Observation and Quasi-3D Numerical Modeling of Coastal Hydrodynamic Response to Submerged Structures
Authors: Hwang Yejin , Do Kideok , Kim Inho , Chang Sungyeol
Published: April 2023

Even though submerged breakwater reduces incident wave energy, it redistributes the coastal area's wave-induced current, sediment transport, and morphological change. This study examines the coastal hydrodynamics and the morphological response of a wave-dominated beach with submerged breakwaters installed through field observation and quasi-3D numerical modeling. The pre-and post-storm bathymetry, water level, and offshore wave under storm forcing were collected in Bongpo Beach on the East coast of Korea and used to analyze the coastal hydrodynamic response. Four vertically equidistant layers were used in the numerical simulation, and the wave-induced current was examined using quasi-3D numerical modeling. The shore normal incident wave (east-northeast) generated strong cross-shore and longshore currents toward the hinterland of the submerged breakwater. However, the oblique incident wave (east-southeast) induced the southeastward longshore current and the sedimentation in the northeast area of the beach. The results suggested that the incident wave direction is a significant factor in determining the current and sediment transport patterns in the presence of the submerged breakwaters. Moreover, the quasi-3D numerical modeling is more appropriate for estimating the wave transformation, current, and sediment transport pattern in the coastal area with the submerged breakwater.
La stampa dei Salmi del Balì Redi: tra accordi tipografici e corrispondenze
Authors: Boffa Elisa
Published: April 2023

El artículo presenta la figura de Gregorio Redi, sobrino del más célebre Francesco, quien en los años de su actividad como autor y erudito del siglo xviii estuvo en contacto con numerosos intelectuales de la época. Gracias a estos contactos pudo imprimir su traducción de los Salmos de David en la imprenta florentina de Bernardo Paperini en 1734. Se conserva en el Archivo de Estado de Arezzo el contrato que Redi estipuló con el impresor para definir las características del libro y de su publicación.
The influence of inter-limb asymmetries in muscle strength and power on athletic performance: a review
Authors:   Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia, Ličen Urška , Kozinc Žiga ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia,   Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
Published: April 2023

The aim of this review was to examine the available literature on inter-limb strength and power asymmetries and their effect on sports performance. In total, 31 studies were included. The findings indicate a negative effect of strength asymmetries on change of direction, sprinting, cycling and kicking performance. They may also be detrimental to jumping performance, however, more research is needed to confirm this. The findings on power asymmetries are more inconsistent and indicate that asymmetries measured with various power tests may affect some performance measures. For example, jumping performance is affected by the power asymmetries measured with jumps, but not by those measured with change of direction tests. Furthermore, the correlation between asymmetry tests and performance outcomes can be affected by the type of sport, training period and the magnitude of the asymmetry. To better understand the effects of strength and power asymmetries on athletic performance, further research is needed, particularly on the effects on sport-specific performance tests.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ И ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ МОНОКРИСТАЛЛОВ (Pb0.86Sr0.14)5Ge3O11 ПРИ ОБЛУЧЕНИИ ВЫСОКО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИМИ ЭЛЕКТРОНАМИ
Authors: Сташ А.И. , Иванов С.А. , Буш А.А. , Козлов В.И. , Бойко В.М.
Published: April 2023

Путем медленного охлаждения расплавов получены монокристаллы (Pb0.86Sr0.14)5Ge3O11. Изучено влияние облучения высокоэнергетическими электронами флюенсами до 6.2×1018э/cм2 на структурные и диэлектрические свойства этих кристаллов. Изучена зависимость параметров кристаллической структуры от величины флюенсов, установлен структурный механизм избирательного замещения Pb на Sr. Найдено, что позиции свинца с неподеленной парой электронов остаются свободными от замещения катионами стронция. Вплоть до флюэнса 6.2×1018э/cм2 структура (Pb0.86Sr0.14)5Ge3O11 сохраняет совершенство. Показано, что облучение данными флюенсами сохраняет параэлектрическую структуру при 293К (пр. гр. P) и приводит лишь к незначительным изменениям атомных смещений. Характер температурных зависимостей диэлектрических проницаемости и потерь (в интервалах 5-300 K и 1-1000 кГц) указывает, что облучение сопровождается как смещением ТС от 158 K до 145 K, так и усилением размытия сегнетоэлектрического фазового перехода.
Медь-марганцевый катализатор для низкотемпературного окисления СО на основе смешанного оксида CuMnO2
Authors: Соковиков Н.А. , Свинцицкий Д.А. , Метальникова В.М. , Черепанова С.В. , Боронин А.И.
Published: April 2023

В работе изучены условия синтеза рентгенографически однофазного смешанного оксида CuMnO2 со структурой креднерит типа. Проведены каталитические испытания в реакции окисления СО для полученных образцов в зависимости от температуры их синтеза и величины pH исходного раствора. Структурные особенности, состав и состояние поверхности, а также термическая стабильность образцов медь-марганцевых смешанных оксидов изучены с помощью методов рентгеновской дифракции (РФА), рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии (РФЭС) и термогравиметрии (ТГА), соответственно. Установлено, что образцы смешанного оксида CuMnO2 со структурой креднерита демонстрируют заметную каталитическую активность при температуре реакции выше 40°С. Из данных РФА и ТГА следует, что нагрев медь-марганцевого катализатора в реакционной смеси СО+О2 до 350°С вызывает фазовый переход с формированием частиц со структурой шпинели CuyMn3-yO4, характеризующихся наибольшей каталитической активностью. По данным метода РФЭС формирование шпинельной структуры на поверхности активных частиц сопровождается появлением характерного пика Cu 2p3/2 с энергией связи ~930.7 эВ. На основании проведенной корреляции структура-активность показано, что частицы CuMnO2 со структурой креднерит типа могут выступать в качестве предшественника для получения высоко эффективного медь-марганцевого катализатора для низкотемпературного окисления СО.
Lack of seroprotection against diphtheria in the Austrian population, in light of reported diphtheria cases in Europe, 2022
Authors: Wagner Angelika , Jasinska Joanna , Schmid Daniela , Kundi Michael , Wiedermann Ursula
Published: April 2023

Following an increase in diphtheria cases in Europe since 2022, we retrospectively estimated the prevalence of seroprotection against diphtheria and tetanus in 10,247 Austrian residents (population: 8,978,929) voluntarily tested between 2018 and 2022. Lack of seroprotection against diphtheria was found in 36% compared with 4% against tetanus. The geometric mean antibody concentration against tetanus was 7.9-fold higher compared with that for diphtheria. Raising awareness of regular booster vaccinations against diphtheria in combination with tetanus and pertussis is urgently needed.
To Publication History of Nikolai I. Kareev’s Brochure “Southern Slavs and Italy on the Adriatic”
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bogomolov Igor K.
Published: April 2023

The article publishes correspondence concerning publication of a pamphlet by the famous Russian historian, Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev (1850–1931) “Southern Slavs and Italy on the Adriatic.” It was to be published in the series “World War and Slavic Questions.” The compilers intended the series to increase the knowledge in the Russian society about the “Slavic question” and its prospects after the war. In particular, they supported the idea of uniting the Czechs and Slovaks into a Czechoslovak state and expanding the borders of Serbia, both at the expense of Austro-Hungarian territories. Kareev held to a similar point of view in his brochure, based primarily on historical facts. Written in the summer of 1916, this work reflected his views on the course of the war and the future post-war world order. In the question of the fate of Austrian Istria and Dalmatia, Kareev actually supported the Serbian side, seeing no reason for Italy to acquire these lands after the victory over the Central Powers. At the stage of censoring, the essay encountered some obstacles. According to the existing procedure, the Petrograd Committee for Press Affairs (which also dealt with military censorship) sent essays on foreign policy topics to the Press and Information Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for review. In August 1916, Kareev’s manuscript was received there. After reviewing it, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Anatoly Neratov advised to postpone the publication of the brochure, as it raised difficult questions and might have caused discontent of Italian allies of Russia. The manuscript was “stuck” in the censorship committee for two months, and Kareev tried to solve the problem by contacting the head of the Second Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, baron Boris Nolde, who, in his turn, advised him to write a personal letter to Neratov. In his letter, Kareev assured Neratov that there was nothing “offensive” in the brochure; it was written in “objectively scientific” language; the facts had been published and discussed not only in England and France, but also in Italy. Kareev also asked Neratov for a personal meeting to convey his arguments. It is possible that the meeting actually took place, because a week later the director of the Press and Information Department, Alexander Lysakovsky, informed the chairman of the Petrograd Press Committee, Nikolai Levitsky, that the Foreign Ministry no longer had any complaints against Kareev’s brochure and it could be published. The published documents show the mechanism of censoring essays on foreign policy topics in Russia during the First World War. In addition, N.I. Kareev’s letter is now introduced into scientific use, supplementing his extensive epistolary legacy.
Oil Scientist F. A. Trebin’s Letter to L. P. Beria on the State of Oil Industry in Venezuela (1949)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shevyakova Kseniia S.
Published: April 2023

The article is accompanied by publication of the report of oil scientist Foma Andreevich Trebin written during his tenure as Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the USSR in Venezuela (1946–49) and addressed to the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR L.P. Beria. Appointment of F. A. Trebin to the post was connected to the "oil" factor, which became more significant in the foreign policy of the USSR with growing rivalry with the United States and the beginning Cold War. The Soviet government considered it strategically necessary to achieve a leading position in the oil industry, so one of the important tasks of the Soviet foreign policy was to study the experience of large oil-producing countries; especially attractive in this regard was Latin American region and, in particular, Venezuela, zone of geopolitical presence of England and the USA. The document found in the fond of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) in the file “On organization of geological exploration for oil and ... on changes in the oil industry of Venezuela in the first half of 1949” reflects main features of this foreign policy period. In addition to the published letter, there has been found F. A. Trebin’s report for 1948, based mostly on information taken from periodicals and thus of lesser information value than the letter. Dating identified documents allows the author to assess the delivery time of F. A. Trebin's reports to the secretariat of L. P. Beria. The reports are written in free form and differ in content: the 1948 document contains data on the export of Venezuelan oil and petroleum products to various countries, while the analytical report of 1949 is devoted to the changes in the Venezuelan oil industry in the first half of 1949. The documents differ in their informative value and style (of varying degrees of formality). After working with documents, the publisher concludes that the sources met the challenges of their time; they testify to well-established coordinating practices of the period. Thematically, the published source lies at the intersection of several topical problematic fields: history of science and technology in its "engineering" dimension and history of international relations in the period of intense competition between the USSR and "bourgeois" countries in the Latin American region in the late 1940s.