bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsteady critical liquid sheet flows
Authors: Girfoglio M. , De Rosa F. , Coppola G. , de Luca L.
Published: May 2017

The unsteady global dynamics of a gravitational liquid sheet interacting with a one-sided adjacent air enclosure (commonly referred to as nappe oscillation configuration) is addressed under the assumptions of potential flow and the presence of surface tension effects. From a theoretical viewpoint the problem is challenging, because from previous literature it is known that the equation governing the evolution of small disturbances exhibits a singularity at the vertical station where the local flow velocity equals the capillary wave velocity (local critical condition), although the solution to the problem has not yet been found. The equation governing the local dynamics resembles one featuring the forced vibrations of a string of finite length, formulated in the reference frame moving with the flow velocity, and exhibits both slow and fast characteristic curves. From the global system perspective the nappe behaves as a driven damped spring–mass oscillator, where the inertial effects are linked to the liquid sheet mass and the spring is represented by the equivalent stiffness of the air enclosure acting on the displacement of the compliant nappe centreline. A suited procedure is developed to remove the singularity of the integro-differential operator for Weber numbers less than unity. The investigation is carried out by means of a modal (i.e. time asymptotic) linear approach, which is corroborated by numerical simulations of the governing equation and supported by systematic comparisons with experimental data from the literature, available in the supercritical regime only. As regards the critical regime for the unit Weber number, the major theoretical result is a sharp increase in oscillation frequency as the flow Weber number is gradually reduced from supercritical to subcritical values due to the shift of the prevailing mode from the slow one to the fast one.
Closed-form solution for the edge vortex of a revolving plate
Authors: Chen Di , Kolomenskiy Dmitry , Liu Hao
Published: May 2017

Flapping and revolving wings can produce attached leading-edge vortices when the angle of attack is large. In this work, a low-order model is proposed for the edge vortices that develop on a revolving plate at$90^{\circ }$angle of attack, which is the simplest limiting case, yet shows remarkable similarity with the generally known leading-edge vortices. The problem is solved analytically, providing short closed-form expressions for the circulation and the position of the vortex. The good agreement with the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations suggests that, for the conditions examined, the vorticity production at the sharp edge and its subsequent three-dimensional transport are the main effects that shape the edge vortex.
‘Io so’: the absence of resolution as resolution in contemporary Italian cinema about the ‘years of lead’
Authors: Lichtner Giacomo
Published: May 2017

This article analyses three fantasy sequences in contemporary Italian cinema about political terrorism in the period known as theanni di piombo(‘years of lead’). It argues that, faced with divided memories, ideologically-charged narratives of the past, political interference and the so-called Italian anomalies, film-makers have reacted by making the absence of resolution a question in its own right. The article identifies and analyses three specific approaches, each linked to a sequence from each film.  The first sequence, ‘uno sfondo di verità’, focuses on Marco Tullio Giordana’sRomanzo di una strage, which navigates the absence of resolution, lamenting it but also exploiting it to force a particular version of events. The second sequence, ‘vado a dormire’, focuses on Marco Bellocchio’sBuongiorno, notte, which uses a dream sequence to fabricate a different resolution, but simultaneously underscore reality. The third sequence, ‘mea culpa’, analyses the invented confession scene in Paolo Sorrentino’sIl Divo, arguing that it employs ambiguity to find closure in imagination itself, rather than in an imagined truth. Through the micro-analyses of these texts, this article seeks to highlight a broader question about cinema’s relationship with ambiguity and mystery in modern Italian history.
Emerging Agenda of Chinese Innovation and Entrepreneurship Research
Authors: Lei Wei
Published: May 2017

The Second MOR Research Frontiers Conference explored knowledge creation and innovation capacity of SMEs on the economic development of transforming economies. The theme echoed the new trend in China that the economy has entered the ‘new normal’ (xinchangtai) stage and entrepreneurship and innovation have been regarded as the ‘twin engines’ for future growth. The majority of the conference papers paid attention to the entrepreneurial potential and innovation capacity of China's rising private sector, and pointed out for me an emerging research agenda on innovation and entrepreneurship studies in China.
A systematic review of the prevalence and predictors of the double burden of malnutrition within households
Authors: Kosaka Satoko , Umezaki Masahiro
Published: May 2017

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the emergence of the double burden of malnutrition within households. We provide an overview of the literature regarding this phenomenon by reviewing previous studies of the prevalence of double-burden households and associated factors together with the research methods used. Studies were identified from the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science, using the same search terms for both. A total of thirty-five articles met the eligibility criteria, and 367 sets of prevalence data were extracted. In all, thirty-four articles were published in 2000 or later; twenty-four used secondary data and twenty-five focused on mother–child pairs. The ages of children varied from 0 to 19 years. All the studies used BMI as a nutritional indicator for adults. For children, height-for-age was most frequently used, whereas weight-for-age, weight-for-height and BMI-for-age were also used in multiple studies. The reported national prevalence of double-burden households varied from 0·0 to 26·8 % by country and year; however, few studies were directly comparable, because of differences in the combinations of undernourished and overweight persons, age ranges, nutritional indicators and cut-off points. Whereas many focused on African countries, a few involved Asian countries. Although urban residence, income and education were frequently assessed, the role of intermediate factors in nutritional status, such as diet and physical activity, remains unclear. It is recommended that future studies use comparable indicators and cut-off points, involve Asian countries, and investigate individual diet and physical activity.
Calcium sensing receptor protects high glucose-induced energy metabolism disorder via blocking gp78-ubiquitin proteasome pathway
Authors: Wang Yuehong , Gao Ping , Wei Can , Li Hongzhu , Zhang Li , Zhao Yajun , Wu Bo , Tian Ye , Zhang Weihua , Wu Lingyun , Wang Rui , Xu Changqing
Published: May 2017

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication and fatal cause of the patients with diabetes. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor, which is involved in maintaining calcium homeostasis, regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, and so on. In our previous study, we found that CaSR expression, intracellular calcium levels and cardiac function were all significantly decreased in DCM rats; however, the exact mechanism are not clear yet. The present study revealed the protective role of CaSR in myocardial energy metabolism disorder induced by high glucose (HG) as well as the underlying mechanism. Here, we demonstrated that HG decreased the expression of CaSR, mitochondrial fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2), cell gap junction related proteins (Cx43, β-catenin, N-cadherin), and intracellular ATP concentration. In contrast, HG increased extracellular ATP concentration, the expression of gp78, mitochondrial fission proteins (Fis1, Drp1), and the ubiquitination levels of Mfn1, Mfn2 and Cx43. Moreover, CaSR agonist and gp78-siRNA significantly reduced the above changes. Taken together, these results suggest that HG induces myocardial energy metabolism disorder via decrease of CaSR expression, and activation of gp78-ubiquitin proteasome system. In turn, these effects disrupt the structure and function of the mitochondria and the cell gap junction, result in the reduced ATP synthesis and the increased ATP leakage. Stimulation of CaSR significantly attenuates HG-induced abnormal myocardial energy metabolism, suggesting CaSR would be a promising potential therapeutic target for DCM.
Continuum understanding of twin formation near grain boundaries of FCC metals with low stacking fault energy
Authors: Jung Jaimyun , Yoon Jae Ik , Kim Jung Gi , Latypov Marat I. , Kim Jin You , Kim Hyoung Seop
Published: May 2017

Deformation twinning from grain boundaries is often observed in face-centered cubic metals with low stacking fault energy. One of the possible factors that contribute to twinning origination from grain boundaries is the intergranular interactions during deformation. Nonetheless, the influence of mechanical interaction among grains on twin evolution has not been fully understood. In spite of extensive experimental and modeling efforts on correlating microstructural features with their twinning behavior, a clear relation among the large aggregate of grains is still lacking. In this work, we characterize the micromechanics of grain-to-grain interactions that contribute to twin evolution by investigating the mechanical twins near grain boundaries using a full-field crystal plasticity simulation of a twinning-induced plasticity steel deformed in uniaxial tension at room temperature. Microstructures are first observed through electron backscatter diffraction technique to obtain data to reconstruct a statistically equivalent microstructure through synthetic microstructure building. Grain-to-grain micromechanical response is analyzed to assess the collective twinning behavior of the microstructural volume element under tensile deformation. Examination of the simulated results reveal that grain interactions are capable of changing the local mechanical behavior near grain boundaries by transferring strain across grain boundary or localizing strain near grain boundary.
Characteristics of IL-9 induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection in C57BL/6 mouse liver
Authors: Li Lu , Xie Hongyan , Wang Mei , Qu Jiale , Cha Hefei , Yang Quan , Feng Yuanfa , Qi Yanwei , Qiu Huaina , Dong Nuo , Huang Jun
Published: May 2017

Liver granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis were the primary pathological changes observed duringSchistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum)infection. In the present study, the characteristics of IL-9 were investigated in the liver ofS. japonicuminfection C57BL/6 mice. Immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and ELISA results demonstrated that the expression of IL-9 significantly increased after infection (P < 0.01). FACS results indicated that the peak of IL-9+Th9 cells in the liver mononuclear cells appeared at the early phase of infection (week 5), except that Th9 cells, CD8+Tc cells, NKT and γδT cells could secrete IL-9 in this model. Although IL-9 neutralization has a limited effect on liver granulomatous inflammation, it could decrease the level of fibrosis-associated factor, PC-III, in the serum of infected mice (P < 0.05). Taken together, our results indicated that IL-9 was an important type of cytokine involved in the progression ofS. japonicuminfection-induced hepatic damage.
Tropospheric Warming Over The Past Two Decades
Authors: Santer Benjamin D. , Solomon Susan , Wentz Frank J. , Fu Qiang , Po-Chedley Stephen , Mears Carl , Painter Jeffrey F. , Bonfils Céline
Published: May 2017

Satellite temperature measurements do not support the recent claim of a “leveling off of warming” over the past two decades. Tropospheric warming trends over recent 20-year periods are always significantly larger (at the 10% level or better) than model estimates of 20-year trends arising from natural internal variability. Over the full 38-year period of the satellite record, the separation between observed warming and internal variability estimates is even clearer. In two out of three recent satellite datasets, the tropospheric warming from 1979 to 2016 is unprecedented relative to internally generated temperature trends on the 38-year timescale.
Effect of Kidney Dysfunction on Cerebral Cortical Thinning in Elderly Population
Authors: Chen Chih-Hao , Chen Ya-Fang , Chiu Ming-Jang , Chen Ta-Fu , Tsai Ping-Huan , Chen Jen-Hau , Yen Chung-Jen , Tang Sung-Chun , Yeh Shin-Joe , Chen Yen-Ching
Published: May 2017

Chronic kidney disease has been linked to cognitive impairment and morphological brain change. However, less is known about the impact of kidney functions on cerebral cortical thickness. This study investigated the relationship between kidney functions and global or lobar cerebral cortical thickness (CTh) in 259 non-demented elderly persons. Forty-three participants (16.7%) had kidney dysfunction, which was defined as either a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or presence of proteinuria. Kidney dysfunction was associated with lower global (β = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.08 to −0.01) as well as frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular lobar CTh. In the stratified analysis, the associations were more pronounced in women, APOEε4 non-carriers, and participants with a lower cognitive score. Besides, kidney dysfunction significantly increased the risk of cortical thinning, defined as being the lowest CTh tertile, in the insular lobe (adjusted odds ratio = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.31−5.74). Our results suggested that kidney dysfunction should be closely monitored and managed in elderly population to prevent neurodegeneration.
Interspecies Interactions Reverse the Hazard of Antibiotics Exposure: A Plankton Community Study on Responses to Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
Authors: Wang Changyou , Wang Ziyang , Zhang Yong , Su Rongguo
Published: May 2017

The ecotoxicological effects of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) were tested on population densities of plankton assemblages consisting of two algae (Isochrysis galbana and Platymonas subcordiformis) and a rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis). The I. galbana showed a significant decrease in densities when concentrations of CIP were above 2.0 mg L−1 in single-species tests, while P. subcordiformis and B. plicatilis were stable in densities when CIP were less than10.0 mg L−1. The equilibrium densities of I. galbana in community test increased with CIP concentrations after falling to a trough at 5.0 mg L−1, showed a completely different pattern of P. subcordiformis which decreased with CIP concentrations after reaching a peak at 30.0 mg L−1. The observed beneficial effect was a result of interspecies interactions of trophic cascade that buffered for more severe direct effects of toxicants. The community test-based NOEC of CIP (2.0 mg L−1), embodying the indirect effects, was different from the extrapolated one derived by single-species tests (0.5 mg L−1), but all lacked confidence interval. A CIP threshold concentration of obvious relevance to ecological interaction was calculated with a simplified plankton ecological model, achieving a value of 1.26 mg L−1 with a 95% bootstrapping confidence interval from 1.18 to 1.31 mg L−1.
Controllable design of tunable nanostructures inside metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Chen Liyu , Luque Rafael , Li Yingwei
Published: May 2017

This review focuses on recent progress in the design of tunable nanoentities encapsulated by metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with special emphasis on the preparation and synergistic properties of such composites.
System analysis identifies distinct and common functional networks governed by transcription factor ASCL1, in glioma and small cell lung cancer
Authors: Donakonda Sainitin , Sinha Swati , Dighe Shrinivas Nivrutti , Rao Manchanahalli R Satyanarayana
Published: May 2017

Systematic functional network analysis of ASCL1 revealed that it regulates mitosis and cell proliferation pathways and has distinct functions in glioma and SCLC.
A novel two-photon fluorescent probe with a long Stokes shift and a high signal-to-background ratio for human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (hNQO1) detection and imaging in living cells and tissues
Authors: Pan Dan , Luo Fengyan , Liu Xianjun , Liu Wei , Chen Wen , Liu Feng , Kuang Yong-Qing , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: May 2017

We have developed a novel TPE fluorescent probe (Q3CA-P), with a long Stokes shift and a high signal-to-background ratio, for hNQO1 detection and imaging.
A micellar cisplatin prodrug simultaneously eliminates both cancer cells and cancer stem cells in lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Yan-Hua , Sun Chun-Yang , Shen Song , Khan Malik I. U. , Zhao Yang-Yang , Liu Yang , Wang Yu-Cai , Wang Jun
Published: May 2017

Cancer stem cells and bulk cancer cells can be simultaneously targeted when using nanomedicine.
Acid–base directed supramolecular isomers of isophthalate based MOFs for CO2 adsorption and transformation
Authors: Perman Jason A. , Chen Meng , Mikhail Antony A. , Niu Zheng , Ma Shengqian
Published: May 2017

Directing supramolecular isomers using an acid versus a base, two MOFs with the same composition yet different topologies show differences in their catalytic efficacy to transform CO2 and epoxides into cyclic carbonates.
Further insights into the kinetics of thermal decomposition during continuous cooling
Authors: Liavitskaya Tatsiana , Guigo Nathanaël , Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas , Vyazovkin Sergey
Published: May 2017

Multi-step kinetics of thermal decomposition measured upon cooling and heating demonstrate significant differences in the variations of the isoconversional activation energy,Eα. The differences can be either quantitative or qualitative.
Comprehensive theoretical study of all 1812 C60 isomers
Authors: Sure Rebecca , Hansen Andreas , Schwerdtfeger Peter , Grimme Stefan
Published: May 2017

All 1812 C60 isomers are investigated with high-level quantum chemical methods to benchmark semiempirical approaches and find appropriate stability criteria.
Laser desorption single-conformation UV and IR spectroscopy of the sulfonamide drug sulfanilamide, the sulfanilamide–water complex, and the sulfanilamide dimer
Authors: Uhlemann Thomas , Seidel Sebastian , Müller Christian W.
Published: May 2017

We elucidate sulfanilamide's conformational preference and the noncovalent interactions of the sulfonamide group with single-conformation IR spectroscopy.
Time-resolved X-ray scattering by electronic wave packets: analytic solutions to the hydrogen atom
Authors: Simmermacher Mats , Henriksen Niels E. , Møller Klaus B.
Published: May 2017

This paper demonstrates how the time-dependent scattering signal of electronic wave packets in the hydrogen atom can be expressed analytically.
Rovibrational quantum dynamical computations for deuterated isotopologues of the methane–water dimer
Authors: Sarka János , Császár Attila G. , Mátyus Edit
Published: May 2017

Rovibrational states of methane–water isotopologues are computed in a variational procedure and the wave functions are analyzed in terms of the rigid-rotor and coupled-rotors models.
The influence of hydrogen bonds on NIAD-4 for use in the optical imaging of amyloid fibrils
Authors: Li Donglin , Yang Yonggang , Li Chaozheng , Liu Yufang
Published: May 2017

The fast and accurate detection of amyloid fibrils, which are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, is important for their early diagnosis.
Molecular dynamics study of solvated aniline and ethylene glycol monomers confined in calcium silicate nanochannels: a case study of tobermorite
Authors: Zhou Yang , Hou Dongshuai , Jiang Jinyang , She Wei , Li Jiaqi
Published: May 2017

The combination of organic and inorganic materials can result in materials with extraordinary performance.
Improved reactivity of a cyclic 13/15 compound by increased steric demand
Authors: Balmer Markus , Kapitein Manuel , von Hänisch Carsten
Published: May 2017

The reactivity of a masked flp was investigated for the sterically overloaded group 13/15 ring compound [tBu2GaP(H)tBu2Ph]2, as can be seen from its reaction with phenyl-isocyanate.
A facile method to fabricate hydrogels from DMSO polymer gels via solvent exchange
Authors: Choi Heekyoung , Go Misun , Cha Yubin , Choi Yeonweon , Kwon Ki-Young , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: May 2017

A mixture of the bipyridine, phenyl and/or cyclohexanediamine-based building blocks 1, 2, and/or 3, having hydrazide, aldehyde or amine moieties, respectively, formed DMSO polymer gels by the hydrazone reaction under acidic conditions.
A greener and efficient access to substituted four- and six-membered sulfur-bearing heterocycles
Authors: Parisi Giovanna , Degennaro Leonardo , Carlucci Claudia , de Candia Modesto , Mastrorilli Piero , Roller Alexander , Holzer Wolfgang , Altomare Cosimo Damiano , Pace Vittorio , Luisi Renzo
Published: May 2017

The regioselective functionalization of four- and six-membered cyclic sulfones was investigated using a lithiation/functionalization strategy.
Photo-controlled cell-specific metabolic labeling of RNA
Authors: Feng C. , Li Y. , Spitale R. C.
Published: May 2017

A method for photo-controlled cell-specific metabolic labeling is presented.
Regulation of cerebral arterial BKCa channels by angiotensin II signaling in adult offspring exposed to prenatal high sucrose diets
Authors: Gu Xiuxia , He Axin , Fan Xiaorong , Shi Ruixiu , Feng Xueqin , Bo Le , Jiang Lin , Li Na , Wu Jue , Yang Yuxian , Gao Qinqin , Xu Zhice
Published: May 2017

Prenatal insults have been shown to affect vascular functions, leading to increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in offspring. The present study determined whether high sucrose (HS) intake in pregnancy affected central vascular functions in middle cerebral artery (MCA) of offspring. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard food and tap water with normal or high (20%) sucrose content during pregnancy. Offspring were maintained with normal diets and tap water. Central vascular functions and related ion channels were assessed in male offspring at 5 months old. Compared with the control, angiotensin II (AII)-induced vasoconstrictions were significantly higher in the MCA of the offspring exposed to prenatal HS. In the MCA, large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) currents were decreased with a reduction of opening frequency, sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+/membrane voltage, and BKβ1 expression. mRNA levels of AT1α and AT2, as well as AT1/AT2 ratio, were significantly increased in the MCA of offspring following exposure to prenatal HS diets. The data suggested that prenatal HS diets could alter microvascular activities in the MCA, probably via changes of BKCa channels in the brain.
FPGA‐based real‐time implementation for direction‐of‐arrival estimation
Authors: Alhamed Abdulrahman , Tayem Nizar , Alshawi Tariq , Alshebeili Saleh , Alsuwailem Abdullah , Hussain Ahmed
Published: May 2017

Direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation of radio signals is of utmost importance in many commercial and military applications. In this study, the authors propose an efficient field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture for implementing a recently published DOA estimation algorithm. This algorithm estimates DOAs by making use of QR decomposition of the received data matrix of four‐ and eight‐element uniform linear antenna arrays. The hardware implementation has been thoroughly analysed and experimentally validated by building a real‐time prototype of the DOA estimation algorithm. The experimental results show good agreement between DOA estimates obtained by the prototype and true values.
In situ Generation and Utilization of CO: An Efficient Route
towards N-Substituted Saccharin via Carbonylative Cyclization of 2-Iodosulfonamides
Authors: Bhanage Bhalchandra , Chavan Sujit , K. Adithyaraj
Published: May 2017

The present protocol demonstrates the synthesis of N-substituted saccharines via carbonylative cyclization of 2-iodosulfonamides using a Pd(OAc)2/Xantphos catalyst system and phenyl formate as a CO source. A variety of saccharin derivatives is synthesized under milder reaction conditions.
Some Aspects of Reductive Amination in the Presence of Carbon Monoxide: Cyclopropyl Ketones as Bifunctional Electrophiles
Authors: Afanasyev Oleg , Tsygankov Alexey , Usanov Dmitry , Perekalin Dmitry , Samoylova Alexandra , Chusov Denis
Published: May 2017

We conducted detailed studies on CO-assisted reductive chemistry with cyclopropyl ketones as a special type of substrate. Multiple factors influencing the outcome of the reaction have been studied for both ruthenium and rhodium catalysis. An unusual rearrangement of aminomethylcyclopropanes was found. We showed that some reductive reactions, which were believed to proceed through a water–gas shift reaction pathway, can nonetheless take place even without an external or internal water source, indicating a more interesting reaction mechanism. Cyclopropylketones were employed as bifunctional electrophiles and, depending on the conditions, the reaction with an amine can lead to a number of products, including aminoketones, cyclopropyl methylamines, pyrrolidines or 1,4-diaminopentanes.
Knochenmineraldichtemessung in der klinischen Routine
Authors: Pfeil Alexander , Lehmann Gabriele , Böttcher Joachim , Reinhardt Lisa , Oelzner Peter , Wolf Gunter , Renz Diane
Published: May 2017

Die Osteoporose ist durch den Verlust an Knochenmineraldichte mit einem konsekutiv erhöhten Frakturrisiko gekennzeichnet. Zur Beurteilung des Frakturrisikos und der Einleitung einer medikamentösen Therapie sollte eine Knochenmineraldichtemessung durchgeführt werden. Die Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometrie (DXA) stellt das nach den aktuellen Leitlinien empfohlene Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Knochenmineraldichte dar. Anhand des T-Scores, welcher durch eine DXA-Knochenmineraldichtemessung ermittelt wird, erfolgt die Abschätzung des Frakturrisikos, um die Notwendigkeit zur Durchführung einer medikamentösen Therapie individuell festzulegen. Die DXA bietet zudem die Möglichkeit, eine Beurteilung der Knochenstruktur unter Verwendung des Trabecular Bone Score vorzunehmen. Das Vorliegen von Wirbelkörperfrakturen kann mit dem „sogenannten“ Vertebral Fracture Assessment durch die DXA ebenfalls visualisiert werden. Als weitere Knochenmineraldichtemessverfahren konkurrieren die Quantitative Computertomografie und der Quantitative Ultraschall. Entsprechend der S3-Leitlinie „Osteoporose“ können diese Knochenmineraldichtemessverfahren allerdings die DXA-Technik nicht ersetzen und sollten nicht regelhaft zum Einsatz kommen.
Checkliste zur Erstellung und Bewertung von Krankheitskostenstudien
Authors: Müller Dirk , Stock Stephanie , Dintsios Charalabos-Markos , Chernyak Nadja , Gerber-Grote Andreas , Gloede Tristan , Hermann Benita , Huppertz Eduard , Jülich Fabian , Mostardt Sarah , Köberlein-Neu Juliane , Prenzler Anne , Salize Hans-Joachim , Santos Sara , Scheckel Benjamin , Seidl Astrid , Wahlers Katharina , Icks Andrea
Published: May 2017

Hintergrund Krankheitskostenstudien sind wichtige Instrumente, um die sozioökonomische Krankheitslast für definierte Erkrankungen abzuschätzen. Sie liefern der Versorgungsforschung sowie der Gesundheitspolitik wichtige Informationen zur Kostenstruktur einer Erkrankung, dem sich daraus ableitenden Forschungsbedarf, Ansätze zur Versorgungsoptimierung sowie zu den monetären Auswirkungen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven. Aufgrund der Heterogenität verfügbarer Krankheitskostenstudien entwickelte die Arbeitsgemeinschaft (AG) Gesundheitsökonomie des Deutschen Netzwerks Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) e.V. in Abstimmung mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ) e.V. für Deutschland ein Instrument zur Planung/Durchführung und Beurteilung von Krankheitskostenstudien.

Methodik Aufbau und Inhalt der generischen Checkliste wurden von der AG konzipiert, konsentiert und nachfolgend in einem Pretest überprüft. Die Checkliste basiert auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zu nationalen und bereits vorliegenden internationalen Checklisten sowie Leitlinien und Empfehlungen für die Erstellung und Bewertung von Krankheitskostenstudien und gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluationen.

Ergebnis Aus der Literaturrecherche (N=2 454) konnten 58 Referenzen zur Identifizierung und Begründung von Kriterien für die Erstellung der Checkliste genutzt werden. Nach Durchführung und Auswertung des Pretests wurden 6 Dimensionen in die Checkliste einbezogen: (i) Allgemeine Aspekte, (ii) Identifikation der Ressourcen, (iii) Beschreibung und Quantifizierung der Ressourcenverbräuche, (iv) Bewertung der Ressourcen (v) Auswertung und Ergebnisdarstellung sowie (vi) Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung. Insgesamt werden die einzelnen Dimensionen über 37 Kriterien operationalisiert.

Schlussfolgerung Die Checkliste ist ein erster Ansatz, die transparente Darstellung und das Verständnis von Krankheitskostenstudien im Hinblick auf Ausmaß, Zusammensetzung und Entwicklung der sozioökonomischen Krankheitslast ausgewählter Erkrankungen zu verbessern. Sie unterstützt die Vergleichbarkeit verschiedener Analysen und erleichtert die Studienkonzeption.
An iterative forward analysis technique to determine the equation of state of dynamically compressed materials
Authors: Ali S. J. , Kraus R. G. , Fratanduono D. E. , Swift D. C. , Eggert J. H.
Published: May 2017

We developed an iterative forward analysis (IFA) technique with the ability to use hydrocode simulations as a fitting function for analysis of dynamic compression experiments. The IFA method optimizes over parameterized quantities in the hydrocode simulations, breaking the degeneracy of contributions to the measured material response. Velocity profiles from synthetic data generated using a hydrocode simulation are analyzed as a first-order validation of the technique. We also analyze multiple magnetically driven ramp compression experiments on copper and compare with more conventional techniques. Excellent agreement is obtained in both cases.
Highly sensitive graphene biosensor by monomolecular self-assembly of receptors on graphene surface
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , No Young Hyun , Kim Joo Nam , Shin Yong Seon , Kang Won Tae , Kim Young Rae , Kim Kun Nyun , Kim Yong Ho , Yu Woo Jong
Published: May 2017

Graphene has attracted a great deal of interest for applications in bio-sensing devices because of its ultra-thin structure, which enables strong electrostatic coupling with target molecules, and its excellent electrical mobility promising for ultra-fast sensing speeds. However, thickly stacked receptors on the graphene's surface interrupts electrostatic coupling between graphene and charged biomolecules, which can reduce the sensitivity of graphene biosensors. Here, we report a highly sensitive graphene biosensor by the monomolecular self-assembly of designed peptide protein receptors. The graphene channel was non-covalently functionalized using peptide protein receptors via the π-π interaction along the graphene's Bravais lattice, allowing ultra-thin monomolecular self-assembly through the graphene lattice. In thickness dependent characterization, a graphene sensor with a monomolecular receptor (thickness less than 3 nm) showed five times higher sensitivity and three times higher voltage shifts than graphene sensors with thick receptor stacks (thicknesses greater than 20 nm), which is attributed to excellent gate coupling between graphene and streptavidin via an ultrathin receptor insulator. In addition to having a fast-inherent response time (less than 0.6 s) based on fast binding speed between biotin and streptavidin, our graphene biosensor is a promising platform for highly sensitive real-time monitoring of biomolecules with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Choosing the filter for catenary image enhancement method based on the non-subsampled contourlet transform
Authors: Wu Changdong , Liu Zhigang , Jiang Hua
Published: May 2017

The quality of image enhancement plays an important role in the catenary fault diagnosis system based on the image processing technique. It is necessary to enhance the low contrast image of catenary for better detecting the state of catenary part. The Non-subsampled Contourlet transform (NSCT) is the improved Contourlet transform (CT), which can effectively solve the problem of artifact phenomenon in the enhanced catenary image. Besides, choosing the enhancement function and the filter of the NSCT will directly influence the image enhancement effect. In this paper, the proposed method is implemented by combining the NSCT with the nonlinear enhancement function to enhance the catenary image. First, how to choose the filter of the NSCT is discussed. Second, the NSCT is used to decompose the image. Then, the chosen nonlinear enhancement function is used to process the decomposed coefficient of the NSCT. Finally, the NSCT is inversed to obtain the enhanced image. In this paper, we evaluate our algorithm using the lifting wavelet transform, retinex enhancement method, dark channel enhancement method, curvelet transform, and CT method as a comparison to enhance a group of randomly selected low contrast catenary images, respectively. The results of comparative experiments conducted show that the proposed method can effectively enhance the catenary image, the contrast of image is improved, the catenary parts are obvious, and the artifact phenomenon is effectively eliminated, where image details (edges, textures, or smooth areas) are also well preserved. Besides, the values (detail variance–background variance, signal-to-noise ratio, and edge preservation index) of measuring the image enhancement capacity are improved, while the mean squared error value is decreased when compared to the CT method. These indicate that the proposed method is an excellent catenary image enhancement approach.
Generalized Grassmann variables for quantum kit (k-level) systems and Barut–Girardello coherent states for su(r + 1) algebras
Authors: Daoud M. , Gouba L.
Published: May 2017

This paper concerns the construction of su(r + 1) Barut–Girardello coherent states in terms of generalized Grassmann variables. We first introduce a generalized Weyl–Heisenberg algebra A(r) (r≥1) generated by r pairs of creation and annihilation operators. This algebra provides a useful framework to describe qubit and qukit (k-level) systems. It includes the usual Weyl–Heisenberg and su(2) algebras. We investigate the corresponding Fock representation space. The generalized Grassmann variables are introduced as variables spanning the Fock-Bargmann space associated with the algebra A(r). The Barut–Girardello coherent states for su(r + 1) algebras are explicitly derived and their over-completion properties are discussed.
Spectrally selective solar absorber with sharp and temperature dependent cut-off based on semiconductor nanowire arrays
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhou Lin , Zheng Qinghui , Lu Hong , Gan Qiaoqiang , Yu Zongfu , Zhu Jia
Published: May 2017

Spectrally selective absorbers (SSA) with high selectivity of absorption and sharp cut-off between high absorptivity and low emissivity are critical for efficient solar energy conversion. Here, we report the semiconductor nanowire enabled SSA with not only high absorption selectivity but also temperature dependent sharp absorption cut-off. By taking advantage of the temperature dependent bandgap of semiconductors, we systematically demonstrate that the absorption cut-off profile of the semiconductor-nanowire-based SSA can be flexibly tuned, which is quite different from most of the other SSA reported so far. As an example, silicon nanowire based selective absorbers are fabricated, with the measured absorption efficiency above (below) bandgap ∼97% (15%) combined with an extremely sharp absorption cut-off (transition region ∼200 nm), the sharpest SSA demonstrated so far. The demonstrated semiconductor-nanowire-based SSA can enable a high solar thermal efficiency of ≳86% under a wide range of operating conditions, which would be competitive candidates for the concentrated solar energy utilizations.
The effect of device electrode geometry on performance after hot-carrier stress in amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin film transistors with different via-contact structures
Authors: Liao Po-Yung , Chang Ting-Chang , Chen Yu-Jia , Su Wan-Ching , Chen Bo-Wei , Chen Li-Hui , Hsieh Tien-Yu , Yang Chung-Yi , Chang Kuan-Chang , Zhang Sheng-Dong , Huang Yen-Yu , Chang Hsi-Ming , Chiang Shin-Chuan
Published: May 2017

In this letter, the effects of hot carriers on amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin film transistors (TFTs) of different geometric structures were investigated. Three types of via-contact structure TFTs are used in this experiment, defined as source-drain large (SD large), source-drain normal (SD normal), and fork-shaped. After hot-carrier stress, the I-V curves of both SD normal and fork-shaped TFTs with U-shaped drains show a threshold voltage shift along with the parasitic transistor characteristic in the reverse-operation mode. Asymmetrical degradation is exhibited in an ISE-TCAD simulation of the electric field, which shows the distribution of hot electrons injected into the etch-stop layer below the redundant drain electrode.
Gallium vacancies in β-Ga2O3 crystals
Authors: Kananen B. E. , Halliburton L. E. , Stevens K. T. , Foundos G. K. , Giles N. C.
Published: May 2017

The gallium vacancy, an intrinsic acceptor, is identified in β-Ga2O3 using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Spectra from doubly ionized (VGa2−) and singly ionized (VGa−) gallium vacancies are observed at room temperature, without photoexcitation, after an irradiation with high-energy neutrons. The VGa2− centers (with S = 1/2) have a slight angular variation due to a small anisotropy in the g matrix (principal values are 2.0034, 2.0097, and 2.0322). The VGa2− centers also exhibit a resolved hyperfine structure due to equal and nearly isotropic interactions with the 69,71Ga nuclei at two Ga sites (the hyperfine parameters are 1.28 and 1.63 mT for the 69Ga and 71Ga nuclei, respectively, when the field is along the a direction). Based on these g-matrix and hyperfine results, the model for the ground state of the doubly ionized vacancy (VGa2−) has a hole localized on one threefold-coordinated oxygen ion. The vacancy is located at one of the three neighboring gallium sites, and the remaining two gallium neighbors are responsible for the equal hyperfine interactions. The singly ionized (VGa−) gallium vacancies are also paramagnetic. In this latter acceptor, the two holes are localized on separate oxygen ions adjacent to one gallium vacancy. Their spins align parallel to give a triplet S = 1 EPR spectrum with resolved hyperfine structure from interactions with gallium neighbors.
Pressure-induced phase transition and electronic properties of MgB2C2
Authors: Zheng Baobing
Published: May 2017

Two thermodynamically stable new high-pressure phases of MgB2C2 with P-3m1 and I4 cm structure were uncovered through first principles crystal structure search based on unbiased evolutionary simulations. Compared with oC80-MgB2C2 and oP10-MgB2C2 phases, the theoretically predicted hP5-MgB2C2 and tI20-MgB2C2 phases show an intriguing three-dimensional (3D) sp3 B-C bonded network, instead of original 2D sp2 B-C layers, which has been confirmed with the analysis of their structures and partial densities of states. The phase transitions of oC80-MgB2C2 → oP10-MgB2C2, oP10-MgB2C2 → hP5-MgB2C2, and hP5-MgB2C2 → tI20-MgB2C2 occur at 4.6 GPa, 18.9 GPa, and 247.5 GPa, respectively, which have been determined according to the examination of enthalpy differences curves. Electronic band structure calculations suggest that the oC80-MgB2C2, oP10-MgB2C2 and hP5-MgB2C2 phases are indirect band gap semiconductor, while the tI20-MgB2C2 phase changes to direct band gap semiconductor.
Morphological and chemical instabilities of nitrogen delta-doped GaAs/(Al, Ga)As quantum wells
Authors: Luna E. , Gargallo-Caballero R. , Ishikawa F. , Trampert A.
Published: May 2017

The microstructure and the element distribution across tensile-strained nitrogen δ-doped GaAs/(Al,Ga)As quantum wells (QW) are investigated by transmission electron microscopy. We find that the nitrogen sub-monolayer insertion results in a several monolayer thick Ga(As,N) layer with thickness and lateral composition fluctuations. The thickness and composition fluctuations are not arbitrary, but they are anticorrelated, i.e., the Ga(As,N) layer is thinner in areas of higher nitrogen content and vice versa. Thus, regardless of the specific position along the QW, the amount of incorporated nitrogen remains constant and close to its nominal value. The increase in the nitrogen content at the insertion promotes an anisotropic shape transition towards highly faceted three-dimensional structures. Our experimental observations indicate that the two-dimensional to three-dimensional morphological transition is determined by intrinsic factors associated with the different Ga-N and Ga-As bonds and hence occurs regardless of the epitaxial strain state of the layers.
Pregnant young women’s attitudes about microbicides: the anticipated influence of the grandmother and father of the baby on microbicide use
Authors: Francis Jenny K. R. , Fraiz Lauren Dapena , Catallozzi Marina , deRoche Ariel M. , Mauro Christine , Rosenthal Susan L.
Published: May 2017

Grandmothers and fathers of the baby may influence pregnant women’s microbicide use. Pregnant young women’s attitudes about grandmothers’ and fathers’ role in decision-making and their involvement in microbicide use were assessed. Participants (n = 108) had a mean age of 20.2 years. The majority anticipated that the grandmother, father or both would have a decision-making role. Greater grandmother involvement in microbicide use was significantly associated with being younger, having no reproductive tract infection or contraceptive-ring-use history. Greater father involvement in use was associated with being in a relationship with him. Strategies for engaging grandmothers and fathers in microbicide use should be developed.
Pericarditis Associated With Acute Zika Virus Infection in a Returning Traveler
Authors: Waggoner Jesse J. , Rouphael Nadine , Xu Yongxian , Natrajan Muktha , Lai Lilin , Patel Shital M. , Levit Rebeca D. , Edupuganti Srilatha , Mulligan Mark J.
Published: May 2017

Despite the widespread outbreak, few cases of Zika virus associated with cardiac manifestations have been described. We present a case of pericarditis in the setting of an acute, symptomatic Zika virus infection in a traveler returning from St. Thomas. Clinicians should be alert for this potential complication of Zika virus infection.
A Novel Approach of Navigation-Assisted Flexible Neuroendoscopy
Authors: Torres-Corzo Jaime G , Rangel-Castilla Leonardo , Islas-Aguilar Mario Alberto , Vecchia Roberto Rodríguez-Della
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE

Neuronavigation-assisted endoscopy is commonly used for skull base and intraventricular surgery. Flexible neuroendoscopy offers certain advantages over rigid endoscopy; however, a major disadvantage of the flexible endoscope has been easy disorientation in the flexed position. Neuronavigation-assisted flexible neuroendoscopy was not available until now. This is the first report of the use of navigation-assisted flexible neuroendoscopy in a patient with hydrocephalus.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

A 10-mo-old girl presented with irritability and vomiting to the emergency department and was found to have severe hydrocephalus. The patient underwent successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy and exploration of the ventricles (lateral, third, cerebral aqueduct, fourth) and basal cisterns with the flexible neuroendoscopy assisted with electromagnetic neuronavigation.

CONCLUSION

As demonstrated by this initial experience, neuronavigation-assisted flexible neuroendoscopy is a feasible and safe tool, endoscopic procedures with the flexible endoscope may be possible in a safer manner. We report the first use of neuronavigation-assisted flexible neuroendoscopy to perform an ETV and exploration of the entire ventricular system. Further evaluation will be necessary to define and expand its applications in neurosurgery.
Calcaneus Exostectomy and Achilles Tendon Reattachment for the Treatment of Haglund Deformity
Authors: Phisitkul Phinit , Rungprai Chamnanni
Published: May 2017

Insertional Achilles tendinosis with Haglund deformity is a common cause of posterior heel pain and the diagnosis can be established by history, physical examination, and imaging. Operative treatment may be required if the conservative treatment has failed. A common surgical procedure usually includes open debridement of Achilles tendon and retrocalcaneal bursa, exostectomy of posterior superior aspect of the calcaneus, and reattachment of the Achilles tendon using a double-row suture anchors. The results of these procedures demonstrated significant improvement of functional outcomes and pain relief with minimal complications.

Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. Expert Opinions.
Mothers, Fathers, Sons, and Human Papillomavirus Immunization Practices
Authors: Thomas Tami Lynn , Strickland Ora L. , Higgins Melinda
Published: May 2017

Despite the fact that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-related cancers are on the rise in men, male HPV vaccine series completion is less than 10% in many areas. This study examined parental knowledge of the HPV vaccine and intent to vaccinate their sons. A cross-sectional study of 341 parents of boys was conducted in school settings in rural southeastern Georgia. Mothers were 2.07 times more likely than fathers to vaccinate their sons. Future research directions should include strategies to increase HPV vaccination in both genders and focus on parents' perceived severity and vulnerability of their sons to HPV infection.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile and Readiness to Change in Blue- and White-Collar Workers
Authors: Aginsky Kerith D. , Constantinou Demitri , Delport Maretha , Watson Estelle D.
Published: May 2017

This study provides a health and risk profile of blue- (BCWs) and white-collar workers (WCWs). Health screening data (n = 603; age 38.2 ± 9.7 years) included cholesterol and glucose finger-prick test, blood pressure, body mass index, and self-reported stress levels and readiness to change. Blue-collar workers were significantly older and had higher blood pressure readings and were more likely to develop hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-2.81; P = .03), but less likely to present with hypercholesterolemia (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.31-0.81; P = .01) and overweight/obesity (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42-0.99; P = .047). White-collar workers showed significantly higher cholesterol and stress levels. This study highlights the importance of occupation type in workplace health screening and intervention planning.
Training Village Health Workers in Detection and Monitoring of Noncommunicable Diseases
Authors: Raithatha Shyamsundar J. , Kumar Dinesh , Amin Amee A.
Published: May 2017

Noncommunicable diseases account for 53% of deaths and 44% of disability-adjusted life years lost in India. Village health workers (VHWs) were trained in blood pressure (BP) and blood sugar (BS) measurement and assessed using a checklist. A total of 38 VHWs with a mean age of 44.8 years, schooling of 9.9 years, scored 10.0 (76.9%) for BP and 9.74 (69.6%) for BS. There was no difference in scores for education and age. It is possible to train VHWs in BP and BS measurement and utilize them for screening and monitoring of hypertension and diabetes in a noncommunicable disease care program.
Screen Hours and Sleep Symptoms
Authors: Lewis O'Dene , Odeyemi Yewande , Joseph Vladimir , Mehari Alem , Gillum Richard F.
Published: May 2017

Few studies have examined the relationship between television viewing, computer use, and sleep symptoms. We hypothesized that television and computer time was associated with sleep symptoms. Screen hours were the sum of daily TV hours and computer hours. A total of 4342 participants 20 years and older had data on screen hours. After adjusting for confounders, 4 or more screen hours were significantly associated with increased odds of reporting long sleep latency, nighttime awakening, high sleep hours, and snoring (P < .05). These findings suggest that increased screen/TV time is an important risk factor for sleep symptoms.