bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Joint Toxicity of Multi-component Mixtures of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Authors: Jin Y. , Mo L.Y. , Qin L.T. , Dai J.F.
Published: December 2021

Pollutants generally exist as mixtures in the environment. Their cumulative toxicity and toxicity interactions are potential risks. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the variation of joint toxicity of a multi-component mixture system, which consisted of six common quaternary ammonium salt surfactants in the environment, on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 (Q67). Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. -Q67 (Vqin-Q67) is a freshwater luminescent bacterium that continuously emits blue-green light (485 nm). The bacterium has been widely used for detecting toxic contaminants. In the mixture system, the luminescent toxicity of each component of the mixture to Q67 was determined by the microplate toxicity analysis method, and the toxicity interaction of the mixture was determined by the toxicity unit method (TU). The combined toxicity of the mixture system was investigated from four aspects, including the number of components, key components, concentration (toxicity) ratio, and exposure time. The results showed that the combined toxic effect of the same mixture system tends to be an additive effect with the increase of the number of components. The combined toxicity of the mixture system was close to that of the key components. Antagonism was presented in the equal toxicity mixture, while synergism was presented in the non-equal toxicity mixture. The combined toxic effect of the multi-component mixture system was not only related to the concentration of the pollutant but also related to the exposure time of the pollutant.
RASAYANA AND DEGENERATIVE EYE DISORDERS
Authors: Singh Rajput Sangram , Mishra Shiromani , Sharma Ravindra
Published: December 2021

As eyes are in continuous exposure to the light and face both anatomical as well as functional deterioration with increasing age, there is a high incidence of issues in visual functioning of the eye that affects day to day activities of the individual and has a great impact on the physical, social and mental state of a person. As with today's world, the intake of unhealthy food and improper lifestyle is the main cause of to produce Ama, which is the ma- jor cause of development of all the diseases including ocular disorders. Rasayana Chikitsa is well known for its effective and potential role in degenerative disorders.
An Insight into the Mucormycosis
Authors: Kokate Kishori , Kokate Kishori , Kokate Kishori , Kokate Kishori , Kokate Kishori
Published: December 2021

Mucormycosis is a fungus borne atypical angio invasive infection mainly recognized in immune weakened patients which occurs due to the fungi mucorales. It is a rare fungal infection can be classified into various types like rhino-orbitocerebral, cutaneous, disseminated, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary. Due to small number of diagnostic tools and therapeutic drugs availability still today mucormycoses were difficult to detect as well as to manage. The objective of this review is to briefly collect, assemble & providing with details about mucormycoses regarding its Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms & treatment with recent advances in diagnostic and treatment methods.
NVH Analysis of Acoustic Materials by Using Aluminum and Steel metals
Authors: . Vijaykumar , V. Kuppast Vinay , N Chalwa Vinay , N Chalwa Vinay
Published: December 2021

Sound quality evaluation has turned into a standard idea in the structure in the field of vehicle acoustic performance optimization in an endeavor to determine the issue active noise control (ANC) techniques were created where auxiliary sources were proposed to lessen the noise inside the cabin. Therefore an endeavor has been made in this paper to audit the advancements so far did in the field of optimization thinks about on decrease of noise in the truck cabins by using acoustic materials. In light of this, it is to investigate the possibility of acoustic materials as aluminum and steel metals an option with plan to improve the cabin noise by NVH analysis can be carried out by using Ansys and Hypermesh software’s. By finding the analysis values of frequency, sound and weighted sound can be concluded the acoustic materials are good for quieter applications.
LESBOFOBIA, RACISMO E SOLIDÃO. DOS ATRAVESSAMENTOS DE SER UMA MULHER NEGRA LÉSBICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Martins Liliane Cristina
Published: December 2021

Esse artigo pretende discutir a partir da experiência de uma mulher negra lésbica, que tem a vivência do que é ser uma mulher negra lésbica no Brasil. Caminho esse que de uma forma ou de outra perpassa ou perpassou pelos caminhos da lesbofobia, do racismo e da solidão.
EDUCAR PARA O ORGULHO: NOTAS SOBRE FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Takara Samiro , Hilário Rosângela Aparecida , de Souza Santos Vinícius
Published: December 2021

A proposta do texto é dialogar sobre o entendimento da necessidade de compreensão do significado do orgulho e visibilidade lgbtqi+, tendo como pontos para reflexão a formação docente, o recorte racial e o significado de orgulho para além da etimologia. Insere-se na produção de estudos culturais sobre gênero e sexualidade e, também, nas referências do feminismo negro e suas teóricas em função da abrangência e inclusão como Guacira Lopes Louros e bell hooks, entre outras. Conclui-se constatando que o entendimento ainda é restrito e a opressão em face da desobediência de gênero uma constante na escola.
PERCURSOS (PSIC)ANALÍTICOS E DISCURSIVOS SOBRE A CONDIÇÃO DOS CORPOS NEGROS LGBTIQAP+ NA ORDEM POLÍTICA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Belladonna Travesti Florence , Alves da Silva Júnior Jonas , Carioca de Oliveira Jairo , Rodrigues Nascimento da Silva Leandro
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem por finalidade desenvolver uma intercrítica, por meio da visão teórica e social dos/as autores/as envolvidos/as, sobre as relações de gênero, étnico-raciais, discursivas, filosóficas e temporais da condição em que se encontra corpos negros LGBTQIAP+ que pendem para diversas instâncias periféricas: quando não geográficas, econômicas; ou estéticas, ou religiosas. Lançar luz sobre essa condição faz com que os/as autores/as implicados/as nesta escrita produzam, técnica e livremente, uma prosa contestatória que esgarça narrativas políticas brasileiras instituidoras de relações de poder. A proposta metodológica deste texto é que os/as autores/as recorram aos seus diários mentais de vivências para relatar a si mesmos/as em experiências.
Causes of Rural-Urban Migration and Its Effect on Quality of Life
Authors:   The University of Lahore, Rehman Riffat
Published: December 2021

The important theme of the current research is to investigate the causes of migration and its effect on quality of life. The main objective of the study was to see the effect of migration on household income in rural areas of Punjab-Pakistan especially in district vehari. A total of 322 sampled respondents were purposively interviewed. The study indicates that about 71% of the total respondents migrated with their families during the period (2008-2017). The study revealed that, quality of education, and employment and family conflict were observed as major causes of rural-urban migration. Due to non-parametric distribution of data Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to see before and after effect of migration on household income and expenditures. To check the hypothesis regression analysis has been conducted. The Moreover, after migration the monthly income and expenditure of the respondents increased. The earning members of 66.8% of the respondents increased after migration. The joint families were scattered in to nuclear family. Before migration business were the main occupation of about 42% of the respondents while after migration most of them were engaged with private jobs and some have their own business. The education ratio of 85.3% of the respondents increased with migration. Positive changes have been observed in pre and post facilities under consideration. It is concluded from the result that education was the major cause that enhance the quality of life. It is recommended that basic facilities like education, health and creation of off-farm jobs, improved training opportunities and development programs should be provided to rural peoples. It also depicts several empirical studies conducted in different countries.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ İLE EKONOMİK KALKINMA ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ARDL SINIR TESTİ YAKLAŞIMIYLA ANALİZİ
Authors: AKDAĞ İlham
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Son yılarda turizm sektörü dünya genelinde özellikle Türkiye’de ekonomik kalkınma sürecinde öncü sektörlerden biri durumundadır. Bu bakımdan çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki turizm sektörü ile ekonomik kalkınma arasındaki ilişkinin hem uzun hem de kısa dönmede analiz edilmesidir.

Yöntem: Turizm sektörü ile ekonomik kalkınma arasındaki İlişkinin araştırılmasında ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı ve Granger nedensellik analizi yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada, bağımlı değişken olarak turizm geliri kullanılırken, bağımsız değişken olarak reel GSYH, turist sayısı, insani gelişmişlik indeksi, hukuk üstünlüğü indeksi ve ekonomik kriz etkisi değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Değişkenlere dair 1995-2019 dönemi verileri esas alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgulara göre; turizm sektörü ile ekonomik kalkınma arasında kısa ve uzun dönemli ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Nedensellik analizine göre, turizm gelirinden ve turist sayısından reel GSYH’ye doğru tek yönlü, hukuk üstünlüğü indeksinden turizm gelirine doğru tek yönlü Granger nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.

Özgünlük: Literatürde son yılarda turizm ve ekonomik kalkınma arasında çok sayıda çalışma görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak hukukun üstünlüğü indeksi ve insani gelişmiş indeksi değişkenlerin kullanılmasıdır. Ayrıca bu değişkenlerin turizm sektörü üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmiş olması da çalışmayı farklı kılan özelliklerden biri olarak söylenebilir.
THE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE MEASUREMENT SCALE
Authors: TAVŞAN Nihat , ERDEM Yusuf Can
Published: December 2021

By the beginning of the second millennium, the customer experience (CX) concept has emerged to enable companies to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. This concept has been embraced by both academicians and practitioners but the absence of a reliable and representative measurement instrument in this domain has been as a major concern. The aim of this study is to sift through the available literature, conduct inductive and deductive studies and then present a valid and reliable customer experience scale to academicians and researchers to be further evaluated. The development phase started with literature review, followed by focus group interviews and in-depth interviews. The inductive studies went on through content validity and face validity studies. Following the completion of four inductive studies, a total of five deductive studies referring to the experiences of 4229 in eight different industries were employed.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the current scientific literature and to present a workable Customer Experience scale that can be used by academics and practitioners.

Method/Design/Methodology/Approach: The development phase started with literature review, followed by focus group interviews and in-depth interviews. The inductive studies went on through content validity and face validity studies.

Findings: As a result of the battery of research a valid and reliable scale is developed.

Originality: The study sets forth a scale that can be used in both by academics and pracititioners.
HEMŞİRELERİN İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİNİN COVID-19 TANILI YOĞUN BAKIM HASTASININ ANKSİYETE DÜZEYİNE ETKİSİ: OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: ERMAN Yonca , ÇAVUŞOĞLU Figen
Published: December 2021

İletişim kavramı, hemşire-insan ilişkilerinin temelini oluşturmaktadır. İletişimin hastanın anksiyete düzeyinin azaltılması ve nedenlerinin anlaşılmasında etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Covid-19 salgını, hastaların %20’sinde yoğun bakım ihtiyacı gerektirmektedir. Hastalığın semptomlarının neden olduğu anksiyetenin önlenmesi hemşirenin görevleri arasındadır. Çalışma, hemşirelerin iletişim becerilerinin Covid-19 tanılı yoğun bakım hastalarının anksiyete düzeyine etkilerini olgu sunumu ile ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Covid-19 tanısı alan 41 yaşındaki kadın hasta yoğun bakıma yatırılmıştır. Nabzı 124/dk, solunumu 30/dk, SpO2 değeri %80 belirlenmiştir. Hastanın solunum sıkıntısı nedeniyle gergin olduğu gözlemlenerek Richmond Ajitasyon Ölçeği uygulanmış, +2 (ajite) değerlendirilmiştir. İhtiyaçlarını bağımsız olarak karşılayamayan hastaya yapılacak işlemler anlatılmış, solunum desteği sağlanmış, ilaçları düzenli olarak verilmiş, beslenme ihtiyacı karşılanmıştır. Hastanın odasına her girişte “merhaba, günaydın” gibi ifadelerle iletişim başlatılmış, solunum sıkıntısı nedeniyle çok fazla iletişim kurulamayan hastayla çoğunlukla beden dili kullanılarak iletişim kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Her karşılaşmada selam verilerek, samimi, güler yüzlü, empatik bir yaklaşımla yapılan işlemler açıklanmış ve genel durumu hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Hastanın talepleri ve kendini nasıl hissettiği sorgulanmış, bu sırada onu dinlediğimizi gösteren ifadeler kullanılmıştır. Yatış sürecinde hastaya yüksek basınçlı oksijen tedavisi uygulanmıştır. Yedinci günün sonunda hastanın Richmond değeri 0 (sakin), nabzı 80-90/dk, solunumu 20-24/dk, SpO2 değeri %94 ölçülmüş, hastanın oksijen maskesi ile yoğun bakımdan servise transferi sağlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak hemşirenin Covid-19 hastası ile iletişim becerilerini etkin bir şekilde kurması sonucu yoğun bakım yatış süresi boyunca hastanın anksiyete düzeyi azalmış ve bu durum hastalığın yönetimine olumlu bir şekilde yansımıştır.
La hibridación de los modelos pedagógicos de aprendizaje cooperativo y educación aventura como estrategia didáctica para la mejora de la convivencia y la gestión de conflictos en el aula: una experiencia práctica desde las clases de educación física y tu
Authors: García-Merino Rafael , Lizandra Jorge
Published: December 2021

El presente estudio adopta un enfoque cualitativo para profundizar en la mejora de la convivencia y la gestión de conflictos desde el área de Educación Física y la tutoría. A partir de una evaluación diagnóstica, se diseñó una Unidad Didáctica innovadora en la que se hibridaron los modelos pedagógicos de Educación aventura y Aprendizaje cooperativo, introduciendo el contenido de educación emocional en una clase de 1º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. De forma paralela, se realizó un proceso de investigación basada en un estudio de caso en el que se recogieron las percepciones y valoraciones de la experiencia de innovación del alumnado, del docente especialista de la asignatura y se triangularon con el registro anecdótico observacional del investigador. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian una contribución positiva en la formación de un alumnado que mostraba carencias en la convivencia y la resolución de conflictos, observándose mejoras en su educación emocional. Además, la hibridación de modelos pedagógicos se ha mostrado como una buena contribución a la didáctica de la Educación Física, en la medida en la que permite la integración de contenidos transversales y propios de la asignatura de Educación Física. 
Abstract. The present study adopts a qualitative approach to deepen the enhance of coexistence and conflict management from the area of Physical Education and tutoring. Based on a diagnostic evaluation, an innovative Didactic Unit was designed in which the pedagogical models of Adventure Education and Cooperative Learning were hybridized, introducing the content of social and emotional learning in a 1st Obligatory Secondary Education curse. In parallel, a research process based on as a case study was carried out in which the perceptions and appreciations of the innovation experience of the students, the specialist teacher of the subject were collected and triangulated with the observational anecdotal record of the researcher. The results show a positive contribution in the behavioural training of a student body that showed deficiencies in coexistence and conflict resolution, observing improvements in their emotional education. In addition, the hybridization of pedagogical models has been shown as a good contribution to the didactics of Physical Education, insofar as it allows the integration of both, cross-sectional and own contents of the Physical Education subject.
Competencias digitales en estudiantes y docentes universitarios del área de la educación física y el deporte (Digital competences in university students and teachers in the area of Physical Education and Sports)
Authors: Perea Rodríguez Ricardo Leonardo , Abello Avila Claudia Marcela
Published: December 2021

Hace apenas unas décadas, el uso de herramientas digitales en la enseñanza de la educación física y el deporte era un asunto de escaso interés.  No obstante, la acelerada incursión de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en la sociedad actual, ha venido convirtiendo en una necesidad imperiosa la adquisición de las denominadas competencias digitales. Este estudio se realizó con la participación de cuatro programas profesionales del ámbito de la educación física y el deporte de la ciudad de Bogotá, con el objetivo de determinar si existen diferencias significativas entre la percepción de estudiantes y docentes sobre el desarrollo de sus competencias digitales en dependencia de variables como la modalidad de estudio, el enfoque académico, el género, la edad, y para el caso de los docentes, también la experiencia profesional y su formación académica. A partir de los resultados hallados a través de las pruebas no paramétricas de Kruskal Wallis, con un nivel de significancia de .05, se determinó que tanto estudiantes como docentes perciben el desarrollo de sus habilidades TIC en un nivel medio alto y se desestimaron diferencias con relación al género y la edad. De otra parte, se concluyó que los estudiantes que hacen parte de programas de formación a distancia, y de línea pedagógica tienen una mejor percepción de estas habilidades a la vez que aquellos docentes con más experiencia y un nivel de formación superior. 
Abstract. Just a few decades ago, the use of digital tools in the teaching of Physical Education and Sports was a matter of little interest. However, the expedited incursion of information and communication technologies (ICT) in today's society has made the acquisition of the so-called digital skills an imperative. This study was carried out with the cooperation of four professional programs in the field of Physical Education and Sports in Bogota, with the aim of determining whether there are significant differences between the perception of students and teachers about the development of their digital skills in dependence on variables such as study modality, academic approach, gender, age, and in the case of teachers, also professional experience and academic training. From the results found through the Kruskall Wallis non-parametric tests, with a significance level of .05, it was determined that both students and teachers perceive the development of their ICT skills at a medium-high level, and differences in relation to gender and age were ruled out. On the other hand, it was concluded that students who are part of distance learning programs, and from pedagogical line, have a better perception of these skills, as well as those teachers with more experience and a higher level of training.
Study on the relationship between active ageing activities and the degree of satisfaction in older adults during Covid-19 (Estudio sobre la relación entre las actividades de envejecimiento activo y el grado de satisfacción en los adultos mayores durante e
Authors: Flores Tena María José , Sousa Reis Carlos
Published: December 2021

This research aimed to study the relationship between the frequency of participation of older adults in active ageing programs and the satisfaction they obtain from this experience. The research was quantitative, cross-sectional, and relational; and an intentional non-probability sampling was applied to select 800 persons over 65, corresponding to users of various senior centres located in four districts of Madrid, Spain. The data collection instrument consisted of 29 easy-to-understand questions grouped into six dimensions. Results of the questionnaire indicate that users are satisfied with the activities and services offered by the centres since they manage to establish new relationships and learn new skills through group workshops that contribute to their personal enrichment. According to 78% of the respondents, participation in workshops and other group activities contribute to a better quality of life in the elderly, and no statistically significant differences were found between the users’ degree of satisfaction and gender. This research provides possible improvements in areas that will contribute to preventing dependence; for example, those in which there is a greater demand from users. As proposals for improvement, we suggest designing specific strategies to obtain more male participation in senior centre workshops.
Resumen. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar la relación entre la frecuencia de participación de los adultos mayores en programas de envejecimiento activo y la satisfacción que obtienen de esta experiencia. La investigación fue cuantitativa, transversal y relacional; y se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional para seleccionar a 800 personas mayores de 65 años, correspondientes a usuarios de varios centros de mayores ubicados en cuatro distritos de Madrid, España. El instrumento de recogida de datos consistió en 29 preguntas de fácil comprensión agrupadas en seis dimensiones. Los resultados del cuestionario indican que los usuarios están satisfechos con las actividades y servicios que ofrecen los centros ya que consiguen establecer nuevas relaciones y aprender nuevas habilidades a través de talleres grupales que contribuyen a su enriquecimiento personal. Según el 78% de los encuestados, la participación en talleres y otras actividades grupales contribuyen a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores, y no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios y el género. Esta investigación aporta posibles mejoras en áreas que contribuirán a prevenir la dependencia; por ejemplo, aquellas en las que existe una mayor demanda por parte de los usuarios. Como propuestas de mejora, se sugiere diseñar estrategias específicas para conseguir una mayor participación masculina en los talleres de los centros de mayores.
La ciudad deportiva: un modelo integrador y movilizador (The sports city: an integrating and mobilizing model)
Authors: Diago Alzate Carlos Alberto , Piedrahita Diana , Santos Segura Jhon Yeimer , Zapata Fuscaldo Juan Luiz
Published: December 2021

Las denominadas ciudades deportivas se configuran como una especialización inteligente que va más allá de la capacidad de la localidad para realizar grandes eventos y megaeventos deportivos. Ser una ciudad deportiva implica la unión de diferentes stakeholders del deporte a través de diversas políticas públicas encaminadas a potencializar la transversalidad del deporte como herramienta que promueve el bienestar de los ciudadanos. Para los efectos de este propósito, se ha desarrollado una investigación cualitativa basada en la teoría fundamentada, proceso de carácter inductivo donde son los datos y su profundización los que orientan el desarrollo de la perspectiva teórica. Los resultados permitieron conceptualizar la  ciudad deportiva y la aproximación hacia un modelo integrador el cual está compuesto por: pilares, sistema, actores, impacto y como eje central el deporsistema donde interactúan y se interrelacionan cinco componentes bióticos/abióticos, materiales o conceptuales que cumplen un propósito y como en la Gestalt “el todo es más que la suma de las partes”. A través de este modelo de ciudad, se pretende generar un instrumento proyectivo, facilitador del aseguramiento de estrategias que guiarán a la gobernanza del  deporte en el diseño de un modelo propio adaptado al entorno, oportunidades,  retos, fortalezas, necesidades y prioridades de la población. Ratificando la relevancia del deporte en la planificación a largo plazo de la ciudad contemporánea. 
Abstract. The purpose of this article is to highlight how the so-called sports cities have managed to become an intelligent specialization that goes beyond the disposition of the city to carry out large sports events and mega-events. Being a sports city implies the union of different sports stakeholders through various strategies and public policies aimed at strengthening the mainstreaming of sport as a tool that promotes the well-being of citizens. For the purposes of this purpose, a qualitative research based on grounded theory has been developed, an inductive process where the data and its deepening are the ones that guide the development of the theoretical perspective. The results allowed the definition of a sports city and the approach towards an integrating model which is composed of: pillars, system, actors, impact and as the central axis the deporsystem where five biotic / abiotic, material or conceptual components interact and interrelate. they serve a purpose and as in Gestalt “the whole is more than the sum of the parts”. Through this city model, it is intended to generate a projective instrument, facilitating the assurance of strategies that will guide sport stakeholders, in the design of their own model adapted to their context, needs and desires of the population, in addition to the forward-looking governance planning. Ratifying the importance of sport in the future planning of the contemporary city.
Most effective mean for lactate clearance in Olympic wrestling (Medio más eficaz en el aclaramiento de lactato en luchadores olímpicos)
Authors: Mazuera-Quiceno César Augusto , Dávila-Grisalez Albeiro Antonio , Calderón-González Juan Carlos , Palacios-Ruales Yamir Mauricio , Tobar-Gutiérrez Alexander
Published: December 2021

This research project determined the most effective training mean for lactate clearance using the subaerobic functional area in Olympic wrestling athletes of the freestyle modality. Eight Olympic wrestlers participated (age: 20.1±2.74 years), using a four-phase crossover study design, in which the athlete performed active recovery alternating each of the training means (Elliptical machine, treadmill, crank ergometer and stationary bicycle); lactate samples were taken 5 minutes after each bout and 15 minutes after finishing the active recovery. The elliptical machine presented the highest average efficiency, with 56.6%, followed by the treadmill with a 54.1% efficiency average; the repeated measures ANOVA F test evidenced differences among the means (p = .001). Likewise, differences were found when performing the post hoc comparisons of minimal significant difference, between the elliptical machine with respect to the crank ergometer (p = .001) and the stationary bicycle (p = .007), but they were not registered between the elliptical machine and the treadmill (p = .737). Of the means analyzed in this study, the highest efficiency in the process of blood lactate clearance during active recovery was evidenced by the elliptical machine and treadmill.  
Resumen. La presente investigación determinó el medio de entrenamiento más eficaz en el aclaramiento de lactato utilizando el área funcional subaeróbica en deportistas de lucha olímpica de la modalidad de libre. Participaron ocho luchadores olímpicos (edad: 20.1±2.74 años), utilizando un diseño de estudio cruzado de cuatro fases, en el que el deportista realizó la recuperación activa alternando cada uno de los medios de entrenamiento (Elíptica, banda trotadora, ergómetro de manivela y cicla estática); las muestras de lactato fueron tomadas a los 5 min finalizado cada combate y a los 15 min de terminar la recuperación activa. La elíptica presentó el mayor promedio de eficacia, con un 56.6%, seguido de la banda trotadora con un 54.1%; la prueba F de ANOVA de medidas repetidas evidenció diferencias entre los medios (p = .001). Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias al realizar las comparaciones post hoc de diferencia mínima significativa, entre la elíptica con respecto al ergómetro de manivela (p = .001) y la cicla estática (p = .007), pero no se registraron entre la elíptica y la banda trotadora (p = .737). De los medios analizados en este estudio, la mayor eficacia en el proceso de aclaramiento de lactato sanguíneo durante la recuperación activa, lo evidenciaron la elíptica y la banda trotadora.
Análisis de la contribución segmentaria en el rendimiento de las salidas de velocidad. (Analysis of the segmental contribution in sprint start performance)
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cruz Carmen , Gutiérrez-Dávila Marcos , Campos-Granell Jose
Published: December 2021

En este estudio se ha aplicado un sistema de cálculo para examinar la contribución de cinco grupos de segmentos corporales al desplazamiento horizontal del CM en las salidas de tacos y explorar su relación con la velocidad horizontal del CM al final de 0.1s y 0.312s de la fase de aceleración. Han participado 20 velocistas con récord personal en 100 m de 11,05±0,31s. Se registraron las fuerzas horizontales de reacción mediante dos plataformas de fuerzas sincronizadas a una cámara de vídeo que registraba el plano sagital del movimiento. La contribución de las piernas al final de la fase de aceleración fue del 91.2±2.4 % y la pierna libre del 8.1±1.0 %. El tronco+cabeza es el primer grupo de segmentos que comienza a contribuir al desplazamiento horizontal del CM, alcanzando el 39.3 ± 24.3 % en los primeros 0.1s. Su rápida contribución hacia delante provoca una fuerza reactiva hacia atrás que podría estar relacionada con una dorsiflexión de los tobillos de 8º±3º y 9º±3º, pierna retrasada y adelantada, respectivamente. La contribución temprana de la cabeza+tronco se ha correlacionado positivamente con la velocidad horizontal al final de la fase de aceleración (r=0.622, p=0.003), lo que confirma su importancia como indicador de rendimiento en las salidas de tacos.
Abstract. In this study, a calculation system has been applied to examine the contribution of five groups of body segments to the horizontal displacement of the Center of Mass (CM) in block starts and to explore their relationship with the horizontal velocity of the CM at the end of 0.1s and 0.312s of the acceleration phase. Twenty sprinters with a personal record in 100 m of 11.05 ± 0.31s have participated. The horizontal reaction forces were recorded using two force platforms synchronized to a video camera that recorded the sagittal plane of motion. The contribution of the legs at the end of the acceleration phase was 91.2 ± 2.4% and the free leg was 8.1 ± 1.0%. The trunk + head is the first group of segments that begins to contribute to the horizontal displacement of the CM, reaching 39.3 ± 24.3% in the first 0.1s. His quick forward contribution causes a reactive backward force that could be related to an ankle dorsiflexion of 8º ± 3º and 9º ± 3º, back and front leg, respectively. The early contribution of the head + trunk has been positively correlated with the horizontal velocity at the end of the acceleration phase (r = 0.622, p = 0.003), which confirms its importance as a performance indicator in block starts.
Analysis of physical and leisure practices carried out by scholars during lockdown (Actividad física y entretenimiento realizado por escolares durante el confinamiento)
Authors: Borges Hernández Pablo José , Hernández Sánchez Judith , Iglesias López Gabriela , Hernández Álvarez Adelto
Published: December 2021

The decrease in physical activity among adolescents has become a global health problem. From the educational point of view, preventing sedentarism is of uttermost importance to avoid repercussions on economic and social levels. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and time dedicated to physical and leisure activities by adolescent during the lockdown caused by COVID-19 (2019, April 1 to May 1). The Minnesota Lesuire Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was used telematically on 4070 Canarian high school students (M=15.01; SD=3.53 years) during lockdown. 83.13% of the sample did not follow the WHO recommendations regarding physical activity, 63.64% did not keep ACSM recommendations to passive leisure, and 37% did not respect those regarding sleeping time. Likewise, as age increased there was a decrease in the amount of time dedicated to physical activity and thus failure to follow the recommendations of the relevant institutions. Also the time allotted to passive leisure was M=3.55 (SD=2.75) hours per day. It is concluded that the time dedicated to physical activity is insufficient according to the official bodies like as the use of screens acquires great predominance in the employment of adolescents’ free time, causing the need to consider future interventions to mitigate the sedentarism level and its consequences. 
Resumen. La disminución de los hábitos de práctica física entre adolescentes se ha convertido en un problema de salud mundial. Desde el punto de vista educativo, la prevención del sedentarismo es de vital importancia por sus repercusiones tanto a nivel económico, social, como para la salud en general. Este estudio describe y analiza las características y el tiempo dedicado por escolares a actividad física y entretenimiento, durante el período de confinamiento por Covid-19 (1 de abril a 1 de mayo de 2019). Mediante el Minnesota Lesuire Time Physical Activity Questionnaire administrado de manera telemática a 4070 escolares (M=15,01; DT=3,53 años), se encontró que el 83,13% de la muestra no cumplieron las recomendaciones respecto a actividades físicas, el 63,64% las del tiempo de pantallas, y el 37% las horas de sueño. Asimismo, a medida que aumentaba la edad disminuían las horas de práctica física y por ende el incumplimiento de las recomendaciones de los organismos pertinentes. El tiempo destinado a ocio pasivo durante el confinamiento fue de 3,55 (DT=2,75) horas al día. Se concluye que el tiempo de actividad física es insuficiente según los parámetros establecidos, predominando el uso de pantallas en la ocupación del tiempo libre de los adolescentes, por tanto urge plantear intervenciones para mitigar los elevados niveles de sedentarismo.
Comparación de pruebas para medir la fatiga muscular en el entrenamiento de atletas hombres de CrossFit: una revisión sistemática (Comparison of tests to measure muscle fatigue in training of male CrossFit athlete: a systematic review)
Authors: Cervantes Hernández Natanael , Hernandez Nájera Norma , Carrasco Legleu Claudia Esther
Published: December 2021

El CrossFit es un entrenamiento sumamente practicado por diversos atletas alrededor del mundo, los cuales se preparan cada año para ser mejores y ser seleccionados para competir en los CrossFit Games. Actualmente se conoce muy poco acerca de las pruebas que valoran la fatiga muscular en atletas que practique este tipo de entrenamiento. La fatiga muscular tiene un papel fundamental en el rendimiento de los atletas para su preparación y competición. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar las diferentes pruebas que se utilizan para medir la fatiga muscular en atletas hombre de CrossFit. Por ellos se realizó una búsqueda sistemática siguiendo las pautas de PRISMA y en los artículos se incluyeron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos originales, atletas hombres de CrossFit y evaluación de la fatiga muscular. Estudios publicados en los últimos 10 años (desde el año 2011 hasta el 31 de marzo del 2021), los artículos no se limitaron a un idioma en específico, encontrando en su mayoría inglés y español. La selección principal fue por medio del título, después por medio del resumen y lectura del documento completo en estudios potenciales. Finalmente, se encontraron cinco artículos en los cuales se identificaron diversas pruebas para medir la fatiga muscular en los atletas de CrossFit. Como conclusión dada la amplia variedad de entrenamientos (WOD), tipos de ejercicios e intensidades en CrossFit es necesario valorar pruebas físicas y marcadores bioquímicos. 
Abstract. CrossFit is training highly practiced by various athletes around the world, who prepare each year to be better and be selected to compete in the CrossFit Games. Currently very little known about the tests that assess muscle fatigue in athletes who practice this type of training. Muscle fatigue plays a fundamental role in the performance of athletes for their preparation and competition. The purpose of this study was to compare the different tests used to measure muscle fatigue in male CrossFit athletes. For them, a systematic search was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines, and the following inclusion criteria were included in the articles: original articles, CrossFit male athletes, and evaluation of muscle fatigue. Studies published in the last 10 years (from 2011 to March 31, 2021) the articles were not limited to a specific language, finding mostly English and Spanish. The main selection was by title, then by abstracting and reading the entire document in potential studies. Finally, five articles were found in which various tests were found to measure muscle fatigue in CrossFit athletes. In conclusion, given the wide variety of workouts (WOD) types of exercises and intensities in CrossFit, it is necessary to assess physical tests and biochemical markers.
Adquisición de competencias multimodales del docente en formación a través del diseño y elaboración de cuentos motores. Una experiencia en el contexto universitario (Acquisition of multimodal skills of training teachers through the design and preparation
Authors: Martínez Díaz Inmaculada Concepción , Páez Luis Carrasco
Published: December 2021

La adquisición de competencias multimodales del futuro docente a través del diseño y elaboración de cuentos motores surge con el propósito de ofrecer al alumnado universitario la posibilidad de crear herramientas que, además de resultar de utilidad en su futura praxis gracias al desarrollo de competencias profesionales, facilitarán la mejora de habilidades sociales y personales próximas a generar respuestas eficientes ante las exigencias socio-educativas actuales. En esta experiencia educativa participaron 184 estudiantes universitarios que, organizados en 30 grupos de trabajo, tuvieron que diseñar 2 cuentos motores bajo un proceso metodológico activo y autodidacta donde las funciones docentes se focalizaron en la tutorización de los trabajos en horario lectivo, así como en la puesta en común de los aspectos esenciales para el desempeño de la temática planteada. Las puntuaciones obtenidas en los procesos de coevaluación no mostraron resultados significativos con respecto a la evaluación docente sin embargo, cada una de ellas si fueron significativas cuando fueron comparadas con las autoevaluaciones de cada uno de los grupos. Los resultados mostraron efectos positivos tanto en la adquisición de competencias del futuro docente como en el grado de satisfacción por la metodología empleada, lo que convierte a esta experiencia en una estrategia de utilidad en la docencia universitaria. 
Abstract. The acquisition of multimodal competences of the teacher through the design and elaboration of motor stories arises with the purpose of offering university students the possibility of creating tools that, in addition to being useful in their future practice thanks to the development of professional competencies, will facilitate the improvement of social and personal skills close to generating efficient responses to current socio-educational demands. In this educational experience, 184 university students participated who, organized into 30 work groups, had to design 2 motor stories under an active and self-taught methodological process where the teaching functions were focused on the tutoring of the work during school hours, as well as the Putting in common the essential aspects for the performance of the proposed theme. The scores obtained in the co-evaluation processes were not significant results with respect to the teacher, however, each of them was significant when compared with the self-evaluations of each of the groups. The results have positive effects on the acquisition of competencies of the future teacher as well as on the degree of satisfaction with the methodology used, which makes this experience a useful strategy in university teaching.
Executive Functions Training and Giftedness (Capacitatión en funciones ejecutivas y superdotación)
Authors: Kontostavlou Eirini Zoi , Drigas Athanasios
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to clarify the relationship between Executive Functions (EF) training and giftedness. In this paper we provide a literature review of condemnatory literature. Executive Functions are a set of cognitive skills considered as necessary for the cognitive control of behavior and they are important for self- regulation and adaptation. The proper functioning of the executive functions is associated with high IQ. Moreover, executive function training can be achieved by brain training programs, that aim to improve basic brain functions. Through education, various tasks are improved. Techniques that improve cognitive skills can benefit individuals with superior mental abilities and can be used as intervention techniques to improve and develop giftedness. The training of executive functions can be achieved through brain training. Brain training is a scientific field that has highly progressed over the last years and has offered extremely interesting results that lead to new developments in the field of giftedness. After analyzing what brain training is, we refer to the executive functions that can improve through brain training. Afterwards, we refer to brain training programs, which have had positive effects on the training of executive functions.
Resumen: El propósito de este artículo es aclarar la relaciόn entre la formaciόn de funciones ejecutivas y la superdotación. En este artículo proporcionamos una revisión de la literatura condenatoria. Las funciones ejecutivas son un conjunto de habilidades cognitivas consideradas necesarias para el control cognitivo de la conducta y son importantes para la autorregulación y adaptación. El buen funcionamiento de las funciones ejecutivas está asociado a un alto coeficiente intelectual. Además, el entrenamiento de la función ejecutiva se puede lograr con programas de entrenamiento cerebral, que tienen como objetivo mejorar las funciones cerebrales básicas. A través de la educación, se mejoran varias tareas. Las técnicas que mejoran las habilidades cognitivas pueden beneficiar a las personas con capacidades mentales superiores y pueden utilizarse como técnicas de intervención para mejorar y desarrollar la superdotación. El entrenamiento de las funciones ejecutivas se puede lograr mediante el entrenamiento del cerebro. El Brain Training es un campo científico que ha avanzado mucho en los últimos años y ha ofrecido resultados sumamente interesantes que conducen a nuevos desarrollos en el campo de la superdotación. Tras analizar qué es el entrenamiento cerebral, nos referimos a las funciones ejecutivas que pueden mejorar mediante el entrenamiento cerebral. Posteriormente, nos referimos a los programas de entrenamiento cerebral, que han tenido efectos positivos en el entrenamiento de las funciones ejecutivas.
Gestión e impacto del Covid-19 en el deporte escolar guipuzcoano (Impact and management of school sports during Covid-19 in Gipuzkoa)
Authors: Martinez-Merino Nagore , Langarika-Rocafort Argia , Sistiaga Lopetegi Juan José , Amenabar-Perurena Beñat
Published: December 2021

Desde el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19 en marzo de 2020, el mundo del deporte, así como la sociedad en general, se ha visto afectada y ha tenido que adaptarse a esta nueva realidad. En este sentido, el deporte escolar ha sufrido numerosos cambios, desde la suspensión de todas las actividades, pasando por diferentes situaciones en función de la comunidad, provincia o municipio. Esto ha generado diversos escenarios que, en el caso de Guipúzcoa, han tenido que gestionar las personas coordinadoras de deporte escolar (CDE), cuyo impacto todavía es desconocido. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer, describir y comprender la gestión del deporte escolar guipuzcoano desde marzo de 2020 hasta finales del año 2020, dividida en tres fases en función de la situación sanitaria en Guipúzcoa. Para ello se diseñó un cuestionario que se envió a los y las CDE durante el mes de enero. Los resultados muestran que se realizaron propuestas online durante la primera fase de la pandemia, y propuestas en el medio natural durante la desescalada. Igualmente, se observa un descenso de las actividades de un 75,4% a 34,6% así como de la participación de los escolares desde septiembre hasta diciembre (1,68/5). Curiosamente, al tener que adaptarse a un nuevo contexto, las iniciativas han supuesto una ruptura con el modelo tradicional de deporte escolar, aproximándose hacia un paradigma más educativo y menos competitivo. Con todo, parece que el confinamiento ha traído consigo una reflexión acerca del enfoque y la misión de la oferta deportiva para escolares.
Abstract. Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, society and consequently sports-world has had to adapt to this new reality. Specifically, school sports has undergone many changes which generated various settings. In the case of Gipuzkoa, the school sports coordinators (SSC) have had to managed these settings. The objective of this study was to know, describe and understand the management of school sports in Gipuzkoa from March 2020 to the end of 2020 divided into the three phases of the pandemic situation in the region. For this aim, a questionnaire was designed and answered by SSC. The results showed that various online proposals were made online during the lockdown. After it, activities in nature were proposed having great success. Likewise, there was showed a decreased in the number of proposals from 75,4% to 34,6%  and also on children´s participation in activities since the beginning of the pandemic (1,68/5). On the other hand, having to adapt to a new context, the initiatives proposed during the pandemic have broken with the traditional model of school sports moving towards a more educational and less competitive paradigm. All in all, it seems that the confinement has brought with it a reflection on the focus and mission of the sports offer for schoolchildren.