bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radio Udaan: Empowering India’s Visually Challenged through Sound
Authors: . Ritika , Gupta Saurabh
Published: September 2024

Cmmunity radio provides a non-commercial forum for local communities to exchange ideas and express themselves. It has the potential to be a strong tool for social growth and empowerment, particularly for groups that are already at a disadvantage, such as people who are physically disabled. Particularly beneficial for marginalised groups, like the physically disabled, it promotes social empowerment and growth. People who are physically challenged have the opportunity to express their stories, experiences, and points of view through the use of this platform. In addition to this, it can be utilized to increase awareness of topics that are relevant to people who are physically challenged, such as accessibility, employment, and educational opportunities. This paper investigates how community radio may empower people with physical disabilities, as well as the obstacles and possibilities that these stations confront. Through a case study of Radio Udaan, founded by Danish Mahajan, we delve into how community radio supports human rights, facilitates expression, and disseminates information globally via www.radioudaan.com. Using a qualitative approach, primary data was gathered via interviews with radio founders and physically disabled participants. Secondary data was collected with the help of existing literature available through websites, research papers and documentaries. The findings highlight benefits such as information access, an expressive platform, social connection, and skill development for those with disabilities. However, obstacles exist, including accessibility concerns. Addressing these obstacles is critical for community radio to empower the physically disadvantaged and promote their social involvement.
Violence in Bollywood Films: A Critical Analysis of ‘Animal’
Authors: Mahima Bhardwaj  , Ghosh Ritwik
Published: September 2024

The cinematic portrayal of violence has long been a subject of controversy. This study delves into the aspects of the film ‘Animal’, where the portrayal of violence and gore is evaluated for its impact on the audience mind-set and society. With the objective to analyse some critical aspects related to audience reactions, response to stimuli and societal implications of the portrayal of violence in this film, this study attempts to propose certain recommendations. A mixed method approach has been used in this study. Quantitative data was collected through survey method using snowball sampling technique and analysed. A qualitative analysis of the film’s reviews, personal observation and focused group discussion was done. For the final outcome of the study the findings were triangulated. The study revealed that females were more in-disagreement to violent films made, released and watched by masses, such as ‘Animal’. They were of the opinion that such films probably would have a very negative impact especially on the children, other than the society at large. On the other hand the male respondents showed their thrill, interest and liking towards these violent films as per the findings. Also the findings revealed that the male respondents had a mixed reaction in terms of favouring the making of these violent films. The study attempts to establish the complex relationships between entertainment, censorship and societal well-being, with an aim to put forth recommendations before the cinema industry stakeholders and policymakers
Reading the Preamble to the Constitution of India from an Environmental Perspective
Authors: Ranjan Aditya
Published: September 2024

The Preamble to the Constitution of India declares the constitution to be a people’s document and it also sets basic objectives sought through the constitution. Even the apex court of India has stated that preamble is a key to open the minds of the framers of the constitution1. In such a scenario, the preamble to the Constitution of India holds an important place as the guide to the legislators. But the preamble to the Indian Constitution has no mention of ‘Environment’ which needs to be interpreted in the light of other philosophical aspects including Justice (social, economic and political), Liberty (of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship), Equality (of Status and opportunity); and Fraternity (assuring the dignity of individual and the unity and integrity of nation). The environment is one of the basic elements which contributes to the growth of human being2 and in such conditions the requirement of a clean and unpolluted environment is necessary for an individual’s growth, therefore, the equal access to clean environment becomes a right on part of individuals and a duty\ on state to provide every individual with a clean environment. This paper will attempt to elaborate the different perspectives of the Environment under the head Justice; and a further investigation regarding the religious aspects of environment and their contribution to the environmental pollution will also be done.
Laws related to use of Drone in India - A Critical Analysis
Authors: Singh Pragati , Shahi Vaibhav
Published: September 2024

There has been tremendous development in India where unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have been applied in various industries, mainly because of the advancement in technology & increased employment opportunities in respectively agriculture, defence, healthcare, e-commerce etc. This spike in drones in the use has set the need to develop and update the legal systems so that people can get safe, private and secure in the country. With the advancements in technology renewed legal framework guiding drone utility are shaped to keep pace with technological advancements and their implications. This paper critically assesses the existing laws in India as they pertain to the operations with drones. It delves into their broadness and implications, with a particular focus on their effectiveness in tackling the multifaceted issues raised by drone technology. It covers CAR (Civil Aviation Requirements) guidelines which DGCA (Directorate General of Civil Aviation) published for speaking about violation of operational restrictions, document requirement and for directional zones. The paper examines the problem in relation to tractability, safety, and national security regarding the drone usage that reveals the main nuances in the law-making and executive mechanisms against the drone operation. Taking a critical look closely, the paper is meant to parse the effectiveness of current regulations in tackling technological developments in a balanced way of ensuring people’s security and private life. Along with this, it has emerged with the proposition of some regulations to be made to the current regulatory framework, which is the plan towards a robust, flexible, and more comprehensive governance of drone technology in India
Gendered Realities: Reforming Juvenile Justice in India
Authors: Vasishta Shikha
Published: September 2024

For the past few decades, the juvenile justice system in India has shifted from a rehabilitative to a retributive paradigm, leading researchers to become increasingly interested in the gendered implications of paradigm change that may exacerbate problems of young offenders, especially females. The current article explores the question of how social attitudes, institutional prejudices, and intersectional identities affect the ways in which female offenders are perceived and treated in India. The framework for the current study includes theoretical concepts of rehabilitation, retribution, and feminist theory. The use of secondary analysis and the description of policy changes and historical context studies are included in the research. Employing a data-driven analysis based on a combination of case studies, quantitative data, and inter-state comparison, the research reveals that female offenders face systemicinstitutional and individual problems, including re-victimization, trauma, and inadequate access to quality rehabilitation services. This article argues for genderresponsive and intersectional juvenile justice policies and redirects attention to rehabilitation available results for future policy and research initiatives
The Disaster Management Act, 2005: A Critical Review
Authors: Hanspal Manindra Singh , Behera Bijayananda
Published: September 2024

India has faced numerous devastating natural and man-made catastrophes during the last four to five decades, resulting in significant loss of life, resources, property, and trauma. Until 2005, India had no system or policy for disaster management, leading to a response-based conscious attitude, and there was no structure for prevention or pro-activeness. Policymakers recognised the need for a formalised disaster management strategy after the 2004 tsunami, leading to the adoption of the Disaster Management Act, 2005. This paper aims to examine the key features of the Disaster Management Act 2005 of India and identify its key limitations in order to provide appropriate recommendations.Methods: This study is based on a comprehensive review of secondary data and a detailed analysis of India’s Disaster Management Act, 2005. The analysis includes a critical examination of the Act’s sections, institutional frameworks, and implementation mechanisms, ensuring a thorough understanding of the Act’s strengths and weaknesses.Discussion: A meticulous and comprehensive review of the 2005 Disaster Management Act reveals that while it has established a structured framework for disaster management, it has several limitations. The Act does not appear to put enough emphasis on proactive steps to reduce disaster risk, making it seem reactive. Besides, there are no clear accountability procedures in place, which may result in implementation-related inefficiencies and non-compliance. The Act also lacks financial allocations for disaster management authorities at lower administrative levels (district, block, and village), affecting the preparedness and responsiveness of local responders. Political and economic constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and corruption further undermine the Act’s effectiveness. Given these issues, an urgent revision of the Act is imperative to establish a more robust and effective disaster management framework in India
In Re Rohit Arora v. Zomato (P.) Ltd. (CCI Case No. 54 of 2020)
Authors: Singh Nituja
Published: September 2024

Competition law which is also known as ‘Anti-Trust’ law is comparatively a new set of legislation. It enables corporate laws across the globe and endeavour to protect the interest of consumers as well as small business class and traders. The Competition Act, 2002 [hereafter referred as ‘the Act’] upholds the spirit of Indian Constitution. The Constitution of India under Part IV, Article 39(c) says that the State has to make such an economic policy and principle that the process of the economic system may not yield into concentration of assets as well as means of production to the handful capitalist or industrialist causing common detriment to nation and its economy.
Exploring Climate Finance Initiatives: A Case Study of Indian Banks’ Role in Climate Development
Authors: Sengupta Ashok
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the realm of climate finance initiatives, focusing particularly on the role of Indian banks in fostering Climate development. With climate change posing significant challenges globally, financial institutions have been increasingly pressured to align their strategies with Climate practices. Through a comprehensive analysis of Indian banks’ approaches to climate finance, this research examines the extent to which these institutions are contributing to mitigating environmental risks and promoting Climate development goals. By employing a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative interviews and quantitative data analysis, the study provides insights into the strategies, challenges, and impacts of climate finance initiatives within the Indian banking sector. The findings underscore the importance of proactive engagement by banks in Climate finance practices to address climate change and support long-term economic and environmental sustainability.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence In Business Activation: Legal and IPR Perspectives
Authors: Bhagra Lavanya , Singh Tushar
Published: September 2024

This paper delves into the burgeoning intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and business activation, scrutinizing the legal and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) perspectives that govern this integration. The research adopts a doctrinal methodology, drawing insights from contemporary literature including books, journals, and papers. It aims to comprehensively understand AI’s role in business processes and the ensuing legal implications. The study commences with an exploration of AI’s escalating influence on business operations and proceeds to dissect the legal frameworks and IPR issues pertinent to AI inventions. A proposed conceptual model for AI integration addresses data privacy, security, and transparency concerns. The paper further investigates the patentability of AI algorithms and inventions, copyright ramifications for AI-generated content, and confidentiality challenges associated with AI models. Authorship and ownership debates are also examined, particularly concerning AI-generated work and employee-created AI within employer rights. The paper highlights ethical dilemmas surrounding AI ownership and accountability, underscored by challenges safeguarding AI-related IP. Real-world case studies provide a pragmatic lens through which the paper discusses how businesses navigate these legalities. The culmination of this inquiry offers pragmatic recommendations for businesses contemplating AI adoption. The paper acknowledges limitations due to the rapid evolution of technology potentially outdating legislative measures. Hence, it advocates for ongoing legislative updates to remain congruent with technological advancements.
Analysing work from home after COVID-19 as the new normal
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar
Published: September 2024

To understand more about the experiences of employers and employees after more than two years of COVID-19, a SWOT analysis is conducted and primary data is gathered. A paper explains why people in Patna are unproductive and why working from home is unacceptable. Data is collected from 347 respondents working from home in Patna district through an online survey with the help of Google Forms, Gmail, WhatsApp, and different social media sites from July 1 to September 30. SWOT analysis is used to identify the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats associated with working from home. While working from home, the company begins aperformance evaluation on a new weight. Watch out for phoney websites that purport to provide jobs that can be done from home. Prospective employees worldwide can work remotely without worrying about obtaining a passport or visa. Software as a Service emerges as a new market to provide businesses with all services provided while working from home. To set up a home office, most employees spend money on furniture, with most of them spending RS 10,000 on furnishings. Working from home increases internet bills by Rs. 1000. We accepted technological innovation when we adopted the work-from-home paradigm. Employees with higher technological expertise are valued more highly than those with experience. Moonlighting is a crucial\ idea about which employers need to exercise caution when their staff members work from home.
A critical appraisal of occurrence data in OBIS and GBIF databases: a case study on true mangrove species
Authors: Cheung Cheuk Yiu , Helfer Véronique
Published: September 2024

In the context of the biodiversity and climate crises, reliably documenting past and current species distributions is of paramount importance for deciphering the main drivers of species occurrences and range shifts and forecasting those under various global change scenarios. For that purpose, species observation records are essential and, according to the FAIR data principles, should be shared with a broad community of researchers and other stakeholders. Various databases have been created to compile and centralize information about biodiversity in recent years, among which the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS), dedicated to the marine realm, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) are the most renowned ones. Here we evaluated how 38 selected “true mangrove” species are represented in those databases and assessed the quality and reliability of the information on geographical location of those observations. While OBIS and GBIF are extremely valuable databases, they still contain erroneous information, highlighting the need for closer communication among scientific experts and database managers together with the implementation of automated validation processes (e.g., using ecosystem distribution maps) to improve the data curation and data quality assurance processes. Further, we showed clear data deficiencies in many regions, including biodiversity hotspots. Many valuable observations are either hidden in publications or in private repositories but not shared with the global community, a practice that should change for the benefit of mangrove conservation and management. We encourage mangrove researchers to be proactive in correcting those data deficiencies by systematically submitting their observations, following the FAIR data principles.
Creating a Diversified Sustainable Food System through Nutri-Garden for addressing Micronutrient Deficiencies
Authors: Das Mamoni , Das Daisy , Gogoi Mousumi , Mahapatra Deeptimayee , Baro Jwngsar
Published: September 2024

Modern agricultural technology has not only made farming less labor-intensive but also aided to increase earnings. The use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and seedlings with high yields has improved and favored monoculture. Traditional or native food crops are hence slowly approaching extinction. Growing ethnic or traditional crops is becoming less common, despite their nutritional and therapeutic benefits. These crops are abundant in micronutrients and can be very helpful in treating the nation’s micronutrient deficiencies. The NFHS-5 figures make it clear that there is a double burden of malnutrition in India. Thus, the goal of this case study was to encourage homes to adopt nutri-gardens in certain villages of Assam. The results showed that malnutrition is common in the research area, and that only 26% of the individuals reached the minimum dietary diversity level (more than or equal to 5 food groups). A total of 15 farm households that were willing to develop nutri-gardens were chosen, and the average Dietary Diversity Score was discovered to be 4.08. The households that adopted nutri-gardens consumed more GLVs, roots, tubers, and other vegetables which resulted in increased dietary diversity score (5.71) for them. Furthermore the physical signs of anemia among children and adult women were improved. Thus, it was determined that the implementation of nutri-gardens can contribute to household food and nutritional security as well as aid in the preservation of traditional food crops.
Char Dwellers’ Plight: An Ethnographic Study of Erosion Induced Displacement in Nalbari, Assam, India
Authors: Barman Anindita , Bokth Humayun
Published: September 2024

This research paper presents an in-depth ethnographic study into the plight of communities residing in the riverine char areas of Nalbari district of Assam, where erosion-induced displacement has left inhabitants in a state of precarious homelessness within their own homes. The study employs highly a qualitative approach, combining participant observation, interviews, and oral history to comprehend the socio-cultural and economic impact of erosion on livelihoods and vulnerabilities of char dwellers. The study reveals how climate change exacerbates these challenges, leaving char dwellers vulnerable to environmental hazards. The study reveals that a significant proportion of char dwellers of Nalbari district are illiterate, influencing their perception of hazards and climate change as acts of God. Displacement disrupts homes and vital communication links, such as boat terminals, essential for their mobility. Findings underscore the disproportionate impact on women and structural inequalities perpetuated by gender disparities. Gender inequality further exacerbates their hardships, with women often marginalized and denied property rights, amplifying vulnerability during crises. Furthermore, inadequate education and healthcare infrastructure exacerbate vulnerabilities, leaving char dwellers reliant on makeshift solutions during crises. The study also highlights the pressing issue of land encroachment and illegal sand mining, exacerbating erosion and intensifying challenges faced by char dwellers. The research underscores the need for holistic approaches prioritizing equity, sustainable development, and community resilience in char areas. Through ethnographic methodology, this study aims to shed light on the relationship between erosion patterns, livelihoods, and vulnerability among the char dwellers, filling a crucial gap in the existing literature on this topic. The study also shows how people living in the char areas deal with hazardous situations and manage to survive in this difficult environment. By examining the socio-economic challenges faced by the char dwellers in Nalbari district, this research seeks to inform policy interventions aimed at enhancing the resilience and well-being of vulnerable communities in riverine areas.
Brown Rust (Puccinia melanocephala) Development in Sugarcane in Relation to Weather Parameters in Western Maharashtra
Authors: Nalawade S.V. , Bhilare R.L. , Ghodake S.K. , Bhoite K.D. , Thorvae D.S.
Published: September 2024

The intensity of brown rust disease (Puccinia melanocephala) on sugarcane variety CoC 671 was recorded at D Block, Central Sugarcane Research Station Padegaon, Dist. Satara in Maharashtra for consecutive eight years. Based on the data on different weather parameters and the intensity of common rust on sugarcane, following multiple linear regression equation was developed for effective prediction of the occurrence and intensity of common rust on sugarcane. PDI (%) = -162.67 + 0.109 x Tmax – 0.068 x Tmin + 1.776 x RH-I – 0.088 x RH-II – 0.035 x RF [Where, PDI=Percent disease index, Tmax = Maximum temperature (o C), Tmin = Minimum temperature (o C), RH-I = Morning relative humidity (%), RH-II = Afternoon relative humidity (%) and RF = Rainfall (mm)]. The studies revealed that the maximum temperature of 28.3 to 31.7 o C, minimum temperature of 11.2 to 23.0 oC, morning relative humidity of 95 to 98 % and afternoon relative humidity of 52 to 87 % coupled with intermittent rainfall contributed significantly for the disease incidence and its further build-up. The data were subjected to step down regression analysis by eliminating the non-significantly related factors for predicting common rust on sugarcane using linear model. By employing this equation, the incidence of common rust on sugarcane could be predicted with an accuracy of 78.4 %. The actual observed (2014-15) and predicted values of PDI of common rust on sugarcane were compared. The standard residuals of PDI of common rust of sugarcane lied between -2.12 to +2.03 indicating high degree of accuracy of the model in predicting PDI of common rust of sugarcane. The linear regression equation developed was also validated with the disease data of the year 2015-16. The observed and predicted values of PDI of common rust of sugarcane were compared with Chi-square test for goodness of fit. The 2 Cal was less than 2 Tab for linear model indicating the best fitness of the equation. The standard residuals of PDI of common rust of sugarcane lied between -1.84 to +1.97 indicating high degree of accuracy of the model. Forecasting the incidence and spread of common rust of sugarcane helps in adopting effective fungicidal spray schedule. Hence, this model can be utilized in Agro-Advisories for predicting the occurrence of the common rust disease of sugarcane.
Assessment of Urban Expansion in the Jorhat Municipality Area using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Gogoi Pixi , Gogoi Princi
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the phenomenon of urban sprawl, particularly focusing on Jorhat, the secondlargest city in Assam, India, which has experienced significant growth and expansion. Urban sprawl, defined as the unplanned expansion of a city into surrounding regions, is characterized by the outward growth of residential, commercial, and industrial infrastructure, leading to the conversion of agricultural or natural spaces into urban land. This expansion results in increased land use, the development of low-density communities, and significant challenges including traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and inefficient land use. Jorhat has witnessed exponential population growth and urban expansion, with the urban area increasing from 4.95 sq. km in 1961 to 72.58 sq. km in 2001. This rapid development has led to environmental issues such as pollution, water logging, and traffic congestion, particularly in sub-urban areas where encroachment has resulted in habitat loss and community fragmentation. The existing research on Jorhat has primarily focused on broader landscape transformations, with a gap in studies specifically analysing urban growth dynamics within the district. This study aims to bridge this gap by evaluating the extent of urban area expansion in Jorhat district, utilizing GIS and RS to quantify urban sprawl through parameters such as land cover changes and urban area expansion. By providing a detailed analysis of Jorhat’s urban growth, this research contributes to the understanding of urban sprawl’s impacts and offers valuable insights for informed decision-making in urban planning and sustainability efforts. The findings underscore the need for integrated planning and management strategies to address the challenges of urban sprawl, aiming to achieve a balance between development and environmental conservation.
Population dynamics of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gen.) and its natural enemies on cotton cultivars
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Rolania Krishna , Yadav Ankit , Kalkal Deepika
Published: September 2024

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a most notorious pest of many agricultural and horticultural crops. The present investigation was carried out to understand the occurrence of whitefly and its natural enemies during Kharif 2021 at, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana). Three cotton cultivars Desi (HD 432), American (H1098i), Bt cotton (RCH773BGII) were sown. The population of whitefly (adults/4 leaves) remained below ETL in June-July and crossed the ETL in the month of August. In all cotton cultivars, the highest population of whitefly adults was observed during 34th SMW (3rd week of August) in Bt (3.98 adults/leaf), American (2.78 adults/leaf) and Desi cotton (2.37 adults/ leaf). Similarly, the highest population of nymphs was observed during 35th SMW (4th week of August) in Bt (33.04 nymphs/leaf) followed by American (30.69 nymphs/leaf) and Desi cotton(27.41nymphs/leaf). Among natural enemies,predators like spiders and coccinellids were the dominant. Maximum parasitization of whitefly nymphs was observed in Bt (32.13%) followed by American (20.21%) and minimum in Desi cotton (16.34%). Our study recorded that the population of whitefly was maximum on Bt cotton followed by American and then Desi cotton. The weather parameters such as temperature (maximum and minimum) and average wind velocity influenced the buildup of whitefly and its natural enemies population in all three cotton cultivars.
Unveiling the Effect of EDTA and SA in Mustard under Cd and Pb Stress
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Yadav Neha , Sawariya Mamta , Kumar Naveen , Mehra Himanshu , Kumar Sunil , Arya Sunder Singh
Published: September 2024

Phytoremediation, particularly phytoextraction, shows promise in addressing this issue. Phytoextraction involves plants absorbing contaminants from the soil through their roots and transferring them to their shoots and leaves. However, in polluted environments, certain metals like lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) may have limited bioavailability, posing significant challenges to the phytoextraction process. One way to overcome this limitation is by applying chelators. The experiment conducted in a randomized block design to investigate the effects of two chelators, EDTA and salicylic acid (SA), in enhancing the anthocyanin, flavanoid and yield attributing parameters of Brassica juncea L. The seeds were sown in pots and subjected to various treatments of Cd and Pb of concentrations 10 and 20 mM, either alone and in combination with 0.5 mM EDTA and SA. The toxicity induced by Pb and Cd in B. juncea was recorded through increased levels of flavonoid and anthocyanin content and decreased value of yield parameters. Additionally, various yield parameters including 100 seed test weight, number of flower plant-1, number of pod plant-1, number of seeds plant-1 were highly affected by stress. Conversely, the supplementation of EDTA and SA to Cd, Pbtreated plants effectively mitigated negative impact of heavy metal stress by increasing flavonoid and anthocyanin content, along with yield parameter. Notably EDTA and SA also led to a significant increase in Pb and Cd accumulation.
Soil-site suitability evaluation for major crops grown in part of Vedurukuppammandal in Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: V. Swetha  , Naidu M.V.S. , D. Vasu  , Ramu Y. Reddi , Y. Vamsi
Published: September 2024

Seven typical pedons in semi-arid region of Vedurukuppammandal in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh were studied for their morphological, physico-chemical and chemical characteristics to evaluate the suitability of soils for growing rice, groundnut and sugarcane. The soil belongs to Entisols, Inceptisols and Alfisols. Pedons (P1, P2 and P4) were marginally suitable (S3) for rice and moderately suitable (S2) for groundnut and sugarcane, whereas pedons (P3, P6 and P7) were not suitable for rice and moderately suitable (S2) for groundnut and sugarcane and pedon (P5) was moderately suitable (S2) for rice and highly suitable (S1) for groundnut and sugarcane. The soil suitability criterion varies from crop to crop and soil to soil. The soils in the study area exhibited major limitations viz., steep slope, wetness (excessive drainage), physical soil characteristics like texture, depth and soil fertility characteristics such as pH, organic carbon and CaCO3. Suitable conservation practices and remedial measures were suggested to improve the soil productivity on sustainable basis without deteriorating the soil quality. Potential land suitability classes were also suggested based on the possible improvement measures for these soils.
Investigating Benzene and Derivatives in Edible Oils: Impact of Heating Duration Analysed through VOC Examination
Authors: Pyare Krishna , Rani Ruby , Shubhankar Basant , Tyagi Suchitra , Kumari Kavita , Kumari Annapurna
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in various edible oils and their behaviour when subjected to heat. Building on the limited data available on the effects of heating on these compounds, the research provides a comprehensive analysis of benzene and its derivatives in fresh and heated edible oils. Utilizing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a UV detector at 254 nm wavelength. Our findings demonstrate that fresh mustard, cottonseed, rice bran, and palm oils possess higher initial concentrations of benzene and substituted benzenes. These concentrations decrease significantly upon heating, which is likely due to the volatilization of low-boiling organic compounds. Furthermore, the study explores the emissions of VOC during deep frying with edible oils, which is a significant concern given their mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. The vapours captured 2, 4, 6 hours of heating were analysed, revealing high levels of benzene and its derivatives, particularly from mustard oil. The intense emissions from frying mustard oil suggest potential health risks for individuals exposed to these fumes, especially cooks.
Identification of Mutants in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) induced through Sodium Azide
Authors: Shiva Bacham , Parveen Shama , Muttepawar Suraj
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was carried out to determine the mutagenic effect of Sodium Azide on morphological traits of Kadiri-6, Gujarat Gold, Haritha Andhra and Kadiri Amaravati (Arachis hypogaea L.) in M2 generation. Pre-soaked seeds were treated with different concentrations w/v (0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.40) of sodium azide for 17 hrs at room temperature. The experiment was carried out with four doses of mutagen (sodium azide) for four different varieties along with their respective controls in the Randomized block design with three replications. The observation of growth parameters of both M1 & M2 mutants of Kadiri-6, Gujarat gold, Haritha Andhra and Kadiri Amaravati showed a significant variation in different traits such as germination percentage, survival percentage, seedling height, days to maturity, days to flowering, number of sterile plants, plant height at maturity, number of pods per plant, sound mature kernels and kernel yield per plant. Most of the traits decreased with an increase in the concentration dosage of sodium azide. The result of the study shows that sodium azide majorly affected the above-mentioned traits, it has significant influence on all the traits under study.
Traditional Knowledge and Practices for Water Harvesting and Conservation in the Northwestern Himalaya, India
Authors: Chand Bhim , E. Gosavi Vaibhav , Shashni Sarla
Published: September 2024

In the present study, we assess the importance of traditional knowledge for water harvesting and conservation. Traditional technologies and practices of water harvesting have met the needs of local people since ages. The Traditional technologies and practices of water harvesting at remote areas of northwestern Himalaya is very helpful to provide drinking and irrigation water even in today’s. Water is the basis of life that’s why it is said that if there is water, there is tomorrow. The Himalaya, also refer as a ‘Third Pole’, is a huge storage tower of fresh water resources; however, at present the communities residing over there faces problems of water scarcity due to many anthropogenic activities and climate change. The water sources are under huge pressure in terms of their quality and quantity. People of ancient times considered nature as mother and used the resources available from nature in a restrained manner. Traditional Khuls, Baories, Jayroo, Nauns and Maggaru were used for water harvesting. As per the age-old water conservation perspective the natural springs were linked with some deity so that people would not pollute that source and protect them. Water springs of Yangrang village of Lahul Spiti district are called the water spring of Nag Devta, the Kaudimurti water spring of Udaipur have been associated with the famous Lama with the belief that this water has been revealed by Lama. Similarly, in Kullu, the famous Raje Ra Jairu water spring has been protected by boundary wall from all sides and developed a small Shivling of lord Shiva near it.
Identification Sources of Resistance from rice Germplasm Against Sheath Rot Disease under Artificial Epiphytotic Conditions
Authors: Nalawade S.V. , Patel P.R. , Patil V.A. , Bhilare R.L. , Bhoite K.D.
Published: September 2024

Twenty nine entries along with three checks were screened against sheath rot disease under artificial epiphytotic conditions during Kharif 2018 and 2019 to identify sources of disease resistance under field condition. Four entries designated viz., NVSR-317, NVSR-411, NVSR-405 and Sambha mahsuri exhibited resistant reaction whereas, 23 entries viz., NVSR-348, NVSR-350, NVSR-355, NVSR-2101, NVSR-2103, NVSR328, NVSR-329, NVSR-2528, NVSR-2565, NVSR-2566, NVSR-330, NVSR-331, NVSR-335, NVSR-338, NVSR360, NVSR-364, NVSR-365, NVSR-370, NVSR-374, NVSR-384, NVSR-389, NVSR-2435 and NVSR-406 showed the moderately resistant reaction and rest of the entries were recorded moderately susceptible and susceptible in their reactions against the sheath rot disease under artificial inoculation. Both susceptible checks GR-11 and TN-1 had scale-7 indicated much disease pressure with susceptible reaction. These resistant germplasm may be further utilized as donor for further breeding programs to evolve new resistant variety against sheath rot.
Effect of various media compositions on Culantro (Eryngium foetidum) under pot cultivation in Sikkim
Authors: Pradhan Adharsika , Upadhyay Sujata , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Laxuman
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was carried out at the Dept. of Horticulture, Sikkim University, Gangtok during 2021-2022 with an objective to observe the effect of different media compositions in culantro (Eryngium foetidum) under pot cultivation in Sikkim. Although cultivation of culantro has plentiful returns, commercial cultivation on a large scale is limited in Sikkim, therefore an effort was made to evaluate pot cultivation of culantro under different media combinations. The experiment was conducted in CRD with 14 treatments i.e. media combinations of cocopeat, vermiculite, vermicompost, organic manure along with soil as potting media. Maximum growth parameters such as plant height (18.6 cm), leaf area (40.6 cm2 ) and fresh weight (10.4 g) were observed highest in potting media of treatment T5 [Soil + Farm Yard Manure + Vermicompost (1:1:1)]. Highest number of leaves (12.0 per plant) was recorded from potting media of Soil + Cocopeat (1:1). Further, utmost flower stalk length (11.1 cm) and diameter (55 mm) was recorded from media combination Soil + FYM (1:1). The outcome of media compositions has observed considerable water holding capacity, aeration and supplementary uptake of nutrients ensuring higher vegetative growth. The shrink wrapping of culantro leaves for storage under the refrigerated condition of 7±20 C and R.H.90–95% was observed to extend the shelf of culantro leaves up to 25 days without deterioration in the quality of leaves. The organoleptic scoring of culantro chutney prepared from culantro leaves after 25 days of storage (shrink wrapped, 7±2 0 C, 90% R.H.) on Hedonic 9-point scale was acceptable in terms of color, flavor, texture, appearance, taste and aroma for all 14 treatments including control (non-packed, non-refrigerated).
Isolation, Identification and Optimization of Tyrosinase enzyme from newly identified Fusarium species
Authors: M.P. Chethan , Bhavana D.  , Shivarudraswamy D.  , Shree K.R. Soundarya , J.R. Kumar , Kumar D. Guru , Prasad Nagalambika
Published: September 2024

Tyrosinases (monophenol, di-phenol oxygen oxidoreductase, EC (1.14.18.1) are the copper- containing enzymes which catalyze the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and even subsequent oxidation of di-phenols to quinones. These enzymes are involved in pigmentation and are the important factors in wound mending and primary immune response. Tyrosinases are found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, in invertebrates, mammals and plants. Fusarium are included in the Nectriaceae family and represents one among the most important genus of the Hypocreales order ascribable to its impactful number of species and their practical part. In fungi, tyrosinases are basically associated with the formation and stability of spores, in defense and acridity mechanisms, and in browning and saturation. First characterized from the comestible mushroom Agaricus bisporus because of undesirable enzymatic browning problems during postharvest storage, tyrosinases were introduced, more recently, in several other fungi with relative insights into molecular and inheritable characteristics and into reaction mechanisms, pointing their veritably promising properties for biotechnological operations.
Invasive fish species and their detrimental effects on the sustainability of endemic Indian fish species
Authors: Lad Devdatta
Published: September 2024

Invasive species are “non-indigenous species that spread from the point of introduction and become abundant.” The invasive species cause damage to the endemic species in the ecosystem. The invasive fish species cause direct and indirect harm to the native species. The direct harm includes the predation of the native species, competing with the native species for food and other resources, causing or carrying diseases, and preventing native species from reproducing or killing the young ones. The indirect threat of invasive species includes changing the food web in an ecosystem by destroying or replacing native food sources. Invasive species can also alter the abundance or diversity of species that are important in the habitat for native wildlife. The Zoological Survey of India reported that inland wetlands alone support 1027 species of fish with more biological, nutritional, and economic value. The National Biodiversity Authority of India has recognised 14 freshwater invasive species in Indian freshwater ecosystems. The invasive fish species are Clarias gariepinus, Cyprinus carpio, Gambusia affinis, Gambusia holbrooki, Mylopharyngodon piceus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis niloticus, Poecillia reticulata, Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus, Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus, Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi, Pygocentrus nattereri, Aristichthys nobilis. These 14 freshwater invasive species recognised by the National Biodiversity Authority of India in Indian freshwater ecosystems are exhibiting invasiveness elsewhere, rapid multiplication and spread in different ecosystems, multiple modes of reproduction, and multiple modes of dispersion. These are leading to effects on ecosystem functions and services, biodiversity loss, economic loss, health hazards, and also range extension. Looking into the seriousness of the issues, control and remedial measures should be implemented. Regulation must be brought on unauthorised culture. Aquaculturists and aquarists should take measures so that cultivable exotic food fish cannot enter the open water body. For the same, awareness programmes to educate aquaculturists and aquarists need to be conducted to educate them about not releasing the cultivable exotic food fish into natural waterbodies. Proper quarantine is urgently needed before introducing new species for any purpose, like aquaculture, ornamental, sports, or to control mosquito populations. These control measures will surely protect the Indian freshwater fish biodiversity against the detrimental effects of invasive freshwater fish species.
Mitigation of Cu with Copper tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in marigold (Tagetes erecta) plant growth
Authors: Humbarwadi S.V. , Patil R.P.
Published: September 2024

Heavy metal poisoning is mostly caused by the emission of hazardous pollutants through various natural and anthropogenic activities. Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants; it is required in relatively small amounts for proper growth and development. However, like many elements, copper also has negative effects on plants at its high concentration. Soil testing and proper agricultural practices can help prevent copper toxicity issues. In the present research, a PPL bioinoculant was prepared from three previously isolated and identified Cu-tolerant Providentia, Paenibacillus, and Lysinibacillus PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) strains. In vitro testing of prepared PPL bioinoculant was done for its plant promotion activity and its effect on Cu accumulation by marigold (Tagetus erecta) plant using pot assay. Activities promoting plant growth, such as production of siderophores, indole acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and phosphate solubilization were measured in vitro. PPL bioinoculant influenced the growth of marigold plant both directly and indirectly. The introduction of a PPL bioinoculant under Cu stress led to a decrease in Cu phytotoxicity, while the root length, shootlength, fresh weight and dry weight of the marigold plant increased in comparison to the uninoculated control. In addition, compared to uninoculated control plants, the total Cu accumulation was also increased in marigold plant inoculated with PPL bioinoculant. According to our findings, metal tolerant PGPR are a very promising resource that could provide great bio-inoculants to increase the effectiveness of phytoremediation.
Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Plant, Michelia champaca (L) in Polar Solvents: GC- MS and Antibacterial properties
Authors: E. Anusha  , Manogem E.M.
Published: September 2024

For thousands of years, medicinal plants were used to cure many common infectious diseases and health issues. An extremely important medicinal plant called Michelia champaca L.(Magnoliaceae) has long been used to treat various ailments, including inflammatory ones. The current study was designated to explore the antibacterial properties of the alcoholic and methanolic extract of Magnolia champaca leaves and its different fractions. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against a panel of gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Salmonella paratyphi) bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. According to the results, methanolic extract showed slightly higher antibacterial activity than acetone extract. The highest zone of inhibition in the methanolic extract was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Proteus mirabilis. The acetone extract shows significant efficiency in gram-positive strains such as Staphylococcus spp. The FTIR spectroscopic studies revealed the presence of various functional compounds such as alkanes, carboxylic acid, aromatic compounds, esters, amines, nitro, alkyl halide, and phenols. Acetone and methanol extracts showed the presence of halo compounds, anhydride, isothiocyanate, alcohol, and phenol. GCMS analysis of both extracts shares five biocomponents: Alpha copaene, beta-elemene, beta-caryophyllene, and phytol showed antibacterial activity. This investigation showed that M. champaca leaf extracts had prospective therapeutic properties in terms of their antibacterial properties.
Enhancement and Evolution of Anti-Bacterial activity of ZnO NPs by doping with Silver
Authors: Ampolu Satheesh , Kothakota Naga Jogayya , Sekhar Rao J.Chandra , Kanakala Venkata Kalyan , Hanumanthu Usha , Vataparthi Pravallika
Published: September 2024

In recent decades nanotechnology received a great importance because of its multidisciplinary role in various fields. Nano ZnO is one of most emerging nano metal oxide has been using in various applications such as fire retard, anti-microbe and anti-wrinkle etc. and showing good performance when doped with Silver. The Pure and Ag doped nano ZnO synthesized were subjected to characterization to know the morphology and physical properties. FTIR analysis was employed for the identification of functional group, X-Ray Diffraction is to identify the crystalline structure, SEM-EDX Analysis employed to know the morphological structure and size of the synthesized nanoparticles and elemental confirmation, and Transmission Electron Microscopy to determine the particle size and shape of synthesized nano particles. The synthesized Pure and Ag doped nano ZnO was screened for their anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis by disc diffusion method.