bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lajonquierea koshkini sp. nov. from lowland rainforests of northern Borneo, Malaysia (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Spitsyn Vitaly M. , Bezborodov Vitaly G. , Spitsyna Elizaveta A.
Published: February 2024

In the present paper, we describe Lajonquierea koshkini sp. nov., a new species from lowland rainforests of northern Borneo. This species is a sister species to Lajonquierea mediofasciata (Grunberg, 1913) distributed in montane rainforests of Borneo. The new species can easily be distinguished by its wing coloration and forewing pattern. Additionally, the male genitalia of Lajonquierea koshkini sp. nov. differ from those of Lajonquierea mediofasciata by the thin and curved valves with the small spine-like basal processes, as well as by the wide finger-like terminal processes at the cubile arms (they are spine-like in Lajonquierea mediofasciata). The new species is dedicated to Evgeny S. Koshkin, a Russian entomologist.
Early-onset neonatal sepsis with Haemophilus influenzae in a premature low birth weight newborn – case report
Authors:   Department of Neonatology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania, Toth Andrea-Noemi , Santa Reka ,   Department of Neonatology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania,   Department of Neonatology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania, Gall Zsuzsanna ,   Department of Neonatology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania, Cucerea Manuela ,   Department of Neonatology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania,   Department of Neonatology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania, Simon Marta ,   Department of Neonatology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania,   Department of Neonatology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
Published: February 2024

Prior to routine active immunization, Haemophilus influenzae was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis and other invasive bacterial disease among children. Although it is listed as one of the pathogenic causes of early-onset neonatal sepsis, it’s a relatively infrequent cause of it. The onset of a clinical syndrome along with isolation of the bacteria in the first 72 hours of life defines neonatal sepsis and often presents as bacteremia, pneumonia or meningitis. We present the case of a preterm low birth weight infant with Haemophilus influenzae sepsis. Considering the high neonatal mortality and morbidity of these infections, cultures should be reconsidered. Prompt antibiotic therapy may not be enough in positive outcome of these patients.
Comprehensive analysis of fibula free flap reconstruction: A retrospective study on limb defects and vascular considerations
Authors:   Zetta Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Muraru Iulia , Zamfirescu Dragos ,   Zetta Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Muraru Dragos ,   Zetta Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Clinic of Plastic Surgery, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Grosu-Bularda Andreea ,   Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Hariga Cristian Sorin ,   Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Lascar Ioan ,   Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: February 2024

The clinical applications of the fibula flap for reconstructing bone defects in the limbs have been widely studied. This study aims to investigate the use of the fibula flap in the treatment of bone defects resulting from trauma, infections, or oncological pathology. Additionally, the study focuses on analyzing preoperative experiences, including imaging and intraoperative aspects, to optimize preoperative planning. The study includes a retrospective analysis of adult patients who underwent surgical treatment for extensive bone defects from 2014 to 2020. Demographic data, surgical interventions, and postoperative complications were collected. Specific anatomical elements of the fibula flap, such as vascularization and dimensions, were also studied. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the clinical applications and optimization of the fibula flap for reconstructive surgery.
Bayesian Simultaneous Credible Intervals for the Differences of Coefficients of Variation of Weibull Distributions with Application to Wind Speed Data in Thailand
Authors: Manussaya La-ongkaew  , Sa-Aat Niwitpong  , Suparat Niwitpong
Published: February 2024

The Weibull distribution serves as a versatile tool for modelling various types of data, including reliability analysis, failure rates, survival analysis, and extreme value analysis. Specifically, in weather forecasting, the Weibull distribution is frequently used to represent variables such as wind speed. To examine differences in wind speed dispersion across different areas, the coefficient of variation proves optimal. However, when comparing variations across multiple areas simultaneously, the focus shifts to simultaneous confidence intervals (SCIs). Therefore, this paper focuses on the problem of constructing the SCIs for the differences of coefficients of variation derived from Weibull distributions. The proposed methods in this study are Bayesian approaches that utilize gamma and uniform prior distributions, namely the generalized confidence interval (GCI) and the method of variance estimate recovery (MOVER) based on the Hendricks and Robey interval. To assess the performance of these methods, their coverage probability, expected length, and standard errors were evaluated through a simulation study. The simulation results show that the Bayesian credible interval based on the gamma prior performs satisfactorily in most cases. Finally, to illustrate the SCIs, we present an example concerning wind speed dispersion data in Southern Thailand.
Comparison of Thermochemical and Physical Properties of Some Indonesian Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Untoro Budi Surono  , Subeni  , Muhammad Fazri  , Renaldi Azis
Published: February 2024

Indonesia is one of the largest agricultural countries in the world. Two main agricultural sub-sectors in Indonesia are food crops and estate crops. Agricultural waste is one of the biomass energy sources that has the potential to replace fossil energy sources. The weakness of energy sources from different types of agricultural waste is their heterogeneous thermochemical and physical properties. The objective of the experimental study is to compare the thermochemical and physical properties of fourteen selected agricultural wastes in Indonesia. The thermochemical properties that were compared are high heating value (HHV), percentage of lignocellulosic components, and ultimate analysis, while that of physical properties are the grindability, hydrophilicity, and proximate analysis. A material with high fixed carbon, low moisture, and low ash contents is preferred as a solid fuel source. Based on the experimental results of proximate analysis, coffee husk has the highest fixed carbon content (20.85%). Empty fruit bunch has the lowest moisture content (7.04%). Palm kernel shell has the lowest ash content (1.82%). Based on the results of the ultimate analysis, the palm kernel shell is the sample with the highest carbon content (49.42%), while the empty fruit bunch has the highest hydrogen content (6.69%). The coconut shell was identified as containing the lowest nitrogen (0.14%) and sulfur 0.052%). Peanut shell is the easiest to grind, while empty fruit bunch is the hardest to grind materials. The hydrophilicity of sugarcane trash is lower than other samples (9.34%). Coconut shell has the highest percentage of cellulose (47.21%). Several pairs of agricultural waste have similar properties that can be used as considerations for handling management and co-utilization.
The Effect of Pressure and Heating on Biocoke Fuel from Empty Fruit Bunches
Authors: Erdiwansyah  , Asri Gani  , Edi Munawar  , Mahidin  , Hera Desvita  , Muhammad Nizar  , Yeggi Darnas
Published: February 2024

Bio-coke, derived from renewable biomass sources has gained significant interest as a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Understanding the influence of pressure and heating on bio-coke properties and combustion characteristics is crucial for optimizing its production and utilization. This study investigates the impact of pressure and heating on the biocoke fuel obtained from empty fruit bunches of biomass waste. Biomass waste, a byproduct of the palm oil industry, offers a potential feedstock for biocoke production, thus addressing waste management and promoting circular economy principles. The experimental approach involved subjecting biomass waste to different pressure levels and heating conditions during biocoke production. The results show that applying pressure during the biocoke production can reduce the water content significantly. The carbon content recorded in biocoke reached 45.87% compared to 43.70% in raw EFB. The proximate and ultimate analysis results show that biocoke fuel shows better results. Thus, biocoke produced using EFB biomass waste is very suitable as an alternative energy to reduce dependence on fossil energy.
Optimum Design on Integration Biogas into Fuel Cell System in Malaysia: Economic and Environmental Aspect
Authors: Shafini Mohd Shafie  , A Harits Nu’man  , Nik Nurul Anis Nik Yusuf
Published: February 2024

Transition to renewable energy in electricity generation need a serious study in variety of issues. Environment and economic perspective become the vital issue that need to study in local condition for penetration new concept of energy resources. Feeding a biogas into the fuel cell system seems an attractive way to less dependent on fossil fuel-based electricity generation. This study aims to optimize the plant location based on two aspect environment and economic. Capacitated Plant Location Model (CAPLOC MODEL) were used in determine the optimized location of the plant. The optimum design of power plant in Sarawak solely generated 847.91 MW and Pahang about 604.26 MW. Hopefully, the outcome of the study can provide the information for stakeholder in choosing the location for future energy system in Malaysia.
Zno Loaded Singgora Roof Tiles as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Authors: Amiera Husna Abdul Halim  , Mahanum Mohd Zamberi  , Mohd Haizal Mohd Husin  , Nor Faizah Haminudin  , Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rasid  , Norfadhilah Hamzah  , Zulfiqar Ali Bhatti  , Syed Muhammad Farhan Syed Mohamad
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to utilize the waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel using a novel waste Singgora roof tiles wet impregnated with zinc oxide (ZnO) as a heterogeneous catalyst. The motivation behind this choice stems from the non-recyclable nature of Singgora roof tiles and their potential applicability in biodiesel synthesis. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometer (EDX). A two-step transesterification method was employed to reduce the concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) in the WCO. The process started by treating the WCO with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to diminish the levels of free fatty acid (FFA), followed by the utilization of the Singgora roof tiles catalyst in the subsequent step. A maximum yield of 96.96% biodiesel was obtained under the optimal conditions, which included a methanol-to- oil ratio of 12:1, a catalyst concentration of 1 wt.%, a reaction temperature of 65 °C, and a 2-hour reaction time. The quality of the biodiesel produced was analyzed according to biodiesel standards specified in the ASTM D6751, EN 14214, and AOCS, and were within the ranges. The study demonstrates the potential of using Singgora roof tiles as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production, offering a promising approach to repurposing non-recyclable materials and advancing sustainable biodiesel production methods.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA EKOROKA MELALUI KULIAH KERJA NYATA (KKN) PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Fono Delfina S. , Menge Fransiska , Sabe Kristina , Nembo Letisia , Endang Lusia S. , Danuk Margareta , Rapu Maria Y. , Lasa Maria W.D. , Nggai Martina M. S. , Mau Marsela L. , Fono Yasinta Maria , Oka Gde Putu Arya
Published: February 2024

COVID -19 merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkaan oleh korona virus baru yaitu sarh-COV-2 yang dilaporkan pertama kali di Wuhan, Tiongkok. Indonesia sendiri telah mengumumkan adanya kasus COVID-19 pada Maret 2020. Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam memutus rantai penyebaran COVID-19 adalah dengan diberlakukannnya sekolah dari rumah. Hal tersebut membuat perlunya dukungan dari orang tua dengan mendampingi anak-anaknya belajar di rumah, baik dalam menjelaskan materi pelajaran maupun dalam membagi waktu dengan pekerjaan. Selain itu, sekolah dari rumah juga membuat anak-anak mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar dan menjadi mudah bosan di rumah. STKIP sebagai salah satu kampus yang menyelenggarakan program KKN yaitu pengabdian mahasiswa di daerah domisili masing-masing sebagai wujud untuk mendukung pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19. Salah satu kegiatan pengabdian adalah pendampingan bimbingan belajar di sekolah, pembutatan media (pohon angka dan stik abjad), pembuatan sabun cair, kerja bakti di lingkungan masyarakat Ekoroka, pembuatan papan struktur organiasai, penggalian tempat sampah, pembuatan letter ketua RT, pembuatan letter nama kantor desa. Metode kegiatan pengabdian dilakasanakan melalui metode demonstrasi secara langsung (tatap muka dengan mengikuti prokes) sebanyak satu kali dalam satu minggu selama kegiatan KKN berlangsung. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah adanya peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat desa terhadap upaya pencegahan dan penanganan penyebaran COVID-19.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN TAS RAJUT DARI BENANG WOL DI DUSUN KAMPUNG BARU DESA LABUHAN LOMBOK
Authors: Hafizin Muhammad , Letasado Muhamad Rusadi , Wildasari Novi , Apriliana Zakiya , Muhsam Julhidayat
Published: February 2024

Masyarakat di dusun kampung baru memiliki karakteristik yang sangat unik, dimana warganya sangat jarang di temukan di siang hari karna warganya jarang keluar rumah kecuali ada hal yang sangat penting. Selain itu, warga yang perempuan lebih banyak kerja di dalam rumah, dan bisa dikatakan hal ini sudah menjadi ciri khas masyarakatnya. Warga di dusun ini bisa dikatakan sudah maju baik dari segi pemikiran dan finansial. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat pelatihan tas rajut bernahan benang wol di Dusun kampung baru Desa Labuhan Lombok ini dilaksanakan dilaksanakan selama tiga minggu tepatnya pada tanggal 6–20 september 2023 dimana setiap minggu terdapat dua kali pertemuan. Dari kegiatan Pelatihan Pembuatan Tas Rajut Dari Benang Wol Di Dusun Kampung Baru Desa Labuhan Lombok dapat disimpulkan bahwa program pengabdian masyarakat yang telah dilakukan di dusun Kampung Baru ini berhasil dan sesuai dengan tujuan pelaksanaan program pengabdian pada masyarakat ini. Pelatihan merajut tas dari benang wol di dusun kampung baru mendapat respon yang sangat positif oleh warga kampung baru Desa Labuhan Lombok karena selain memili keterampilan baru dalam merajut tas berbahan benang wol, masyarakat kampung baru terutama ibu-ibu rumah tangga merasa senang dengan hasil tas rajutan benang wol yang bagus.
PEMANFAATAN LAHAN SEMPIT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE VERTIKULTUR DI DESA UA
Authors: Uge Lawe Yosefina , Awe Ermelinda Yosefa , Wau Maria Patrisia , Bate Dopo Ferdinandus , Basan Mario Antonius , Tangi Marsianus Aristo , Menge Rolince , Azi Vinsensius Meo , Teku To Maria Lidwina , Longa Ana Fortunata , Bhoko Paula Maria , Soli Yuliana , Mau Theresia Yasintha , Baghe Martina Simplisia , Dua Marselina , Yona Maria Dela
Published: February 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di desa Ua, Kecamatan Mauponggo, Kabupaten Nagekeo mengenai pemanfaatan lahan sempit dengan sistem Vertikultur. Vertikultur merupakan pemanfaatan lahan sempit dalam proses penanaman sayur-sayuran di desa Ua yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi dan proses pertumbuhannya lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan tanaman umum pada lainnya. Tujuan dilakukannya kegiatan ini yaitu memberikan motivasi dan ajakan kepada masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan lahan sempit. Hal ini sangat didukung dari kondisi geografis di desa Ua  yang kondisinya berada dilereng bukit. Kegiatan pendampingan ini dilaksanakan oleh mahasiswa yang bekerja sama dengan aparatur desa. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini berupa pendampingan. Oleh karena itu pemanfaatan lahan sempit dengan sistem vertikultur ini menjadi solusi alternatif yang efektif sebab penanaman dapat dilakukan dengan susunan bertingkat keatas untuk mengefisiensikan lahan.sasaran dari kegiatan tersebut yakni masyarakat desa Ua.
BINA DESA: KKN TEMATIK DI DESA UITIUH TUAN KECAMATAN SEMAU SELATAN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Holbala Dervino I. P. , Buchari Abu Saman , Taneo Noniansi T , Tanau Vebi Elisabet , Ramadiansyah  , Selan Debora , Ambu Valentina Inya , Tausbele Martensi B , Uslan
Published: February 2024

KKN Tematik Univesitas Muhammadiyah Kupang tahun 2023 di Desa Uitiuh Tuan telah terlaksana dengan lancar dan sesuai dengan harapan. Adapun program yang telah dilaksanakan terdiri dari kegiatan inti selama  ± 82 hari yaitu meliputi: (a) Mengetahui kearifan lokal di Desa Uitiuh Tuan (anyaman topi), (b) Pemberian Makanan Tambahan dan sosialisasi penyadartahuan masyarakat terkait Stuting di Desa Uitiuh Tuan, (c) Penanaman bumbu dapur di lokasi kantor desa Uitiuh Tuan, dan (d) Melaksanakan kegiatan pembersihan lingkungan (bakti amal) di sekitaran lokasi kantor desa Uitiuh Tuan. Partisipasi dan dukungan masyarakat cukup tinggi, dimana masyarakat turut aktif dalam pelaksanaan program. Hal ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat dalam mengembangan potensi yang dimiliki baik untuk dirinya maupun untuk daerahnya. Program KKNdik Tematik 2023 yang berjalan dengan lancar, tentu tidak luput dari kendala dan hambatan dalam pelaksanaan program, seperti sulitnya mengumpulkan masyarakat untuk mengikuti berbagai kegiatan. Padatnya aktivitas pekerjaan masyarakat, terlebih yang berprofesi sebagai petani membuat partisipasinya dalam berbagai kegiatan terlihat kurang konsisten.
PENDAMPINGAN BELAJAR MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA KARTU HURUF DAN KANTONG BILANGAN SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN LITERASI DAN NUMERASI SISWA KELAS RENDAH DI SDI NGABHEO
Authors: Kugu Yustina Paulina , Teku Maria Selviana , Nae Rikardus Ferinius , Bajo Yohanes , Kua Maria Yuliana , Dinatha Ngurah Mahendra , Ngura Elisabeth Tantiana , Kaka Pelipus Wungo
Published: February 2024

Pelaksanaan pendampingan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan yang ditemukan di SDI Ngabheo dimana siswa-siswi mengalami kesulitan dalam pemahaman literasi dan numerasi terutama dalam membaca, menulis dan berhitung. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan literasi dan numerasi siswa terutama siswa di kelas rendah. Kegiatan pendampingan ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan metode yaitu metode pengamatan serta pendampingan kelompok belajar siswa secara langsung oleh tim abdimas. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan bantuan media berupa kartu huruf dan kantong bilangan.  Pada kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) yang dilakukan di desa Ngabheo kecamatan Soa, mahasiswa melakukan kegiatan pendampingan kepada siswa di sekolah maupun diluar jam sekolah diawali dengan melakukan proses pengamatan. Sasaran utama pada kegiatan ini adalah siswa kelas rendah yang berjumlah 5 orang. Kegiatan pendampingan di sekolah dan di luar sekolah melalui proses pengamatan terhadap siswa di dalam kelas untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap pelajaran yang diberikan guru dan meningkatkan kemampuan nalar siswa terhadap pelajaran yang telah didapat di sekolah terutama dalam bidang literasi dan numerasi. Hasil dari kegiatan pendampingan ini memberikan dampak positif bagi siswa di SDI Ngabheo dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi dan numerasi siswa serta motivasi belajar siswa yang semakin meningkat terutama dalam membaca, menulis dan berhitung.
EMPOWERING COMMUNITIES: HEALTH LITERACY ASSESSMENT AMONGST AN INDIGENOUS AFRICAN POPULATION
Authors: Reid Marianne , Nel Mariette , Pienaar Melanie
Published: February 2024

Tailored health dialogue empowers communities to partake in health decision-making, improving health outcomes. Regular health literacy screening may assist healthcare workers in tailoring health dialogue according to the health literacy levels of communities. It is problematic that health literacy does not receive the necessary attention in Africa, which is known to have a high illiteracy rate. The study presents the development, validation, and implementation of the Sesotho Health Literacy Test (SHLT). The Integrated Model of Health Literacy underpinned the development of the SHLT. The objectives related to the development of the test were structured according to the MEASURE approach. Validation followed a phased approach according to the generic methodology of Tsai and colleagues. The SHLT was implemented during a multi-center cross-sectional study of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (n=263) and patients with chronic conditions (n=264). The SHLT comprises ten items with good internal reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.77). Structural equation modeling showed an acceptable fit (SRMR=0.04) with good convergent and predictive validity. Patients with ESRD mostly presented with low (n = 34, 12.9%) and moderate (n = 130, 49.4%) health literacy levels, with patients with chronic conditions presenting with low (n=55, 20.8%), moderate (n=115; 43.6%) and high (n=94; 35.6%) health literacy levels. Health literacy assessment may sensitize healthcare workers to engage in tailored health dialogue, empowering communities to partake in their health care
The 3D Kinematics of the Orion Nebula Cluster. II. Mass-dependent Kinematics of the Inner Cluster
Authors: Wei 魏 Lingfeng 凌枫 , Theissen Christopher A. , Konopacky Quinn M. , Lu Jessica R. , Hsu Chih-Chun , Kim Dongwon
Published: February 2024

We present the kinematic analysis of 246 stars within

4
′

from the center of Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), the closest massive star cluster with active star formation across the full mass range, which provides valuable insights in the formation and evolution of star cluster on an individual-star basis. High-precision radial velocities and surface temperatures are retrieved from spectra acquired by the NIRSPEC instrument used with adaptive optics (NIRSPAO) on the Keck II 10 m telescope. A 3D kinematic map is then constructed by combining with the proper motions previously measured by the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys/WFPC2/WFC3IR and Keck II NIRC2. The measured root-mean-squared velocity dispersion is 2.26 ± 0.08 km s−1, significantly higher than the virial equilibrium’s requirement of 1.73 km s−1, suggesting that the ONC core is supervirial, consistent with previous findings. Energy equipartition is not detected in the cluster. Most notably, the velocity of each star relative to its neighbors is found to be negatively correlated with stellar mass. Low-mass stars moving faster than their surrounding stars in a supervirial cluster suggests that the initial masses of forming stars may be related to their initial kinematic states. Additionally, a clockwise rotation preference is detected. A weak sign of inverse mass segregation is also identified among stars excluding the Trapezium stars, although it could be a sample bias. Finally, this study reports the discovery of four new candidate spectroscopic binary systems.
A Robust Study of High-redshift Galaxies: Unsupervised Machine Learning for Characterizing Morphology with JWST up to z ∼ 8
Authors: Tohill C. , Bamford S. P. , Conselice C. J. , Ferreira L. , Harvey T. , Adams N. , Austin D.
Published: February 2024

Galaxy morphologies provide valuable insights into their formation processes, tracing the spatial distribution of ongoing star formation and encoding signatures of dynamical interactions. While such information has been extensively investigated at low redshift, it is crucial to develop a robust system for characterizing galaxy morphologies at earlier cosmic epochs. Relying solely on nomenclature established for low-redshift galaxies risks introducing biases that hinder our understanding of this new regime. In this paper, we employ variational autoencoders to perform feature extraction on galaxies at z > 2 using JWST/NIRCam data. Our sample comprises 6869 galaxies at z > 2, including 255 galaxies at z > 5, which have been detected in both the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Hubble Space Telescope fields and the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey done with JWST, ensuring reliable measurements of redshift, mass, and star formation rates. To address potential biases, we eliminate galaxy orientation and background sources prior to encoding the galaxy features, thereby constructing a physically meaningful feature space. We identify 11 distinct morphological classes that exhibit clear separation in various structural parameters, such as the concentration, asymmetry, and smoothness (CAS) metric and M
20, Sérsic indices, specific star formation rates, and axis ratios. We observe a decline in the presence of spheroidal-type galaxies with increasing redshift, indicating the dominance of disk-like galaxies in the early Universe. We demonstrate that conventional visual classification systems are inadequate for high-redshift morphology classification and advocate the need for a more detailed and refined classification scheme. Leveraging machine-extracted features, we propose a solution to this challenge and illustrate how our extracted clusters align with measured parameters, offering greater physical relevance compared to traditional methods.
Hemispheric Distribution of Halo Coronal Mass Ejection Source Locations
Authors: Zhang XiaoJuan , Deng LinHua , Deng Hui , Mei Ying , Wang Feng
Published: February 2024

The hemispheric asymmetry of solar activity is one of the essential physical consequences of the interior dynamo process. However, the hemispheric distribution of halo coronal mass ejection (HCME) source locations has not been investigated in detail. Based on the HCME catalog identified from the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, we perform a hemispheric distribution analysis of the HCME source locations from 1996 April to 2022 June. The main results are as follows. (1) The HCME source locations are confined to the active region belt, and there is no “rush to the poles” phenomenon that is unique to large-scale magnetic activity. (2) The HCME source locations exhibit a general hemispheric asymmetry, and autoregressive moving-average model results show that the asymmetry of HCME source locations is significantly different from that of sunspot activity. (3) The hemispheric distribution of cycle 24 is different from that of cycle 23, potentially as a result of the heliospheric dynamic pressure having noticeably decreased after the polarity reversal of cycle 23. Our results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the hemispheric asymmetry of energetic magnetic structures and give a new perspective on understanding the geoeffectiveness of HCMEs.
First Insights into the Applicability and Importance of Different 3D Magnetic Field Extrapolation Approaches for Studying the Preeruptive Conditions of Solar Active Regions
Authors: Korsós Marianna B. , Jarolim Robert , Erdélyi Robertus , Veronig Astrid M. , Morgan Huw , Zuccarello Francesca
Published: February 2024

The three-dimensional (3D) coronal magnetic field has not yet been directly observed. However, for a better understanding and prediction of magnetically driven solar eruptions, 3D models of solar active regions are required. This work aims to provide insight into the significance of different extrapolation models for analyzing the preeruptive conditions of active regions with morphological parameters in 3D. Here, we employed potential field (PF), linear force-free field (LFFF), and nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) models and a neural network-based method integrating observational data and NLFFF physics (NF2). The 3D coronal magnetic field structure of a “flaring” (AR11166) and “flare-quiet” (AR12645) active region, in terms of their flare productivity, is constructed via the four extrapolation methods. To analyze the evolution of the field, six prediction parameters were employed throughout, from the photosphere up to the base of the lower corona. First, we find that the evolution of the adopted morphological parameters exhibits similarity across the investigated time period when considering the four types of extrapolations. Second, all the parameters exhibited preeruptive conditions not only at the photosphere but also at higher altitudes in the case of active region (AR) 11166, while three out of the six proxies also exhibited preeruptive conditions in the case of AR12645. We conclude that: (i) the combined application of several different precursor parameters is important in the lower solar atmosphere to improve eruption predictions, and (ii) to gain a quick yet reliable insight into the preflare evolution of active regions in 3D, the PF and LFFF are acceptable; however, the NF2 method is likely the more suitable option.
An X-Ray Synchrotron Shell and a Pulsar: The Peculiar Supernova Remnant G32.4+0.1
Authors: Reynolds Stephen P. , Borkowski Kazimierz J.
Published: February 2024

We present a deep Chandra observation of the shell supernova remnant (SNR) G32.4+0.1, whose featureless X-ray spectrum has led to its classification as an X-ray synchrotron-dominated SNR. We find a partial shell morphology whose outline is quite circular, with a radius of about 11 pc at an assumed distance of 11 kpc. Thermal and power-law spectral models for three relatively bright regions provided equally good fits, but the absence of spectral lines required ionization timescales from thermal fits that are inconsistent with the mean densities derived from emission measures. We thus confirm the nonthermal, i.e., synchrotron, origin of X-rays from G32.4+0.1. Shock velocities needed to accelerate electrons to the required TeV energies are ≳1000 km s−1, giving a remnant age ≲ 5000–9000 yr. There is no obvious X-ray counterpart to the radio pulsar PSR J1850−0026, but its position adjoins a region of X-ray emission whose spectrum is somewhat harder than that of other regions of the shell, and which may be a pulsar-wind nebula (PWN), though its spectrum is steeper than almost all known X-ray PWNe. The distance of the pulsar from the center of symmetry of the shell disfavors a birth in a supernova event at that location only a few thousand years before; either the pulsar (and putative PWN) are not associated with the shell SNR, requiring a coincidence of both position and (roughly) absorbing column density, or the SNR is much older, making the origin of nonthermal emission problematic.
Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of human herpesvirus 6B encephalitis following transplantation for severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Zhang Kaile , Xu Jianli , Chen Gang , Yang Ruixue , Jiang Ming , Yuan Hailong
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) encephalitis is common in immunosuppressed patients and presents a diagnostic challenge for physicians. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) may facilitate early diagnosis of HHV-6B encephalitis. Herein, we described a case of HHV-6B encephalitis following transplantation for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) diagnosed by mNGS.
Case summary: A 31-year-old male underwent myeloablative haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of SAA. On day + 21 after transplantation, the patient developed symptoms such as sudden epilepsy, drowsiness, memory dislocation, and memory loss. HHV-6B encephalitis was confirmed based on cranial MRI and mNGS of cerebrospinal fluid. Following antiviral therapy with sodium foscarnet, the symptoms improved and HHV-6B was negative by mNGS. There were no serious sequelae. Currently, the patient is in good health and is still under follow-up.
Conclusions: A case of HHV-6B encephalitis after SAA transplantation was diagnosed by mNGS of cerebrospinal fluid in time and was effectively treated with sodium foscarnet.
Prevalence and antibiogram of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from burns and wounds in Duhok City, Iraq
Authors: Ali Samir , Assafi Mahde
Published: February 2024

Introduction: this study aimed to isolate P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, investigate the antimicrobial resistance of collected isolates, and investigate the distribution of exoU and mecA genes in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolates.
Methodology: Out of 150 samples, 32 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa, 48 isolates were identified as S. aureus. All isolates were checked for AST. Then, a PCR was applied to detect exoU and mecA genes in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
Results: 12.0% and 29.3% of the samples showed co-isolates and single isolates of studied pathogens, respectively. Regarding burn samples, S. aureus was the most prevalent pathogen (38.0%, 38/100) among males (41.8%, 23/55), followed by P. aeruginosa (27.0%, 27/100) among females (28.9%, 13/45). The highest burn infection rates of S. aureus (50.0%) and P. aeruginosa (32.7%) were recorded among age groups (≥ 50) and (18-49), respectively. Comparatively, wound samples were less infected with these pathogens. P. aeruginosa isolates usually exhibited high resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin, whereas, imipenem showed low resistance at 46.87%. S. aureus isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and rifampin. 56.25% of P. aeruginosa isolates were exoU positive and 37.5% of S. aureus isolates were mecA positive. Results of the cefoxitin inhibition zone with mecA gene amplification, 33.3% isolates were MRSA, 4.2% isolates were nmrMRSA, and 62.5% isolates were MSSA. Most of the resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa carried the exoU gene, 80% resistant isolates to imipenem were exoU positive.
Conclusions: S. aureus was more predominant than P. aeruginosa in burns and wounds infections.
Clinical and virological profile of locally acquired acute hepatitis E in South Bulgaria
Authors: Komitova Radka , Kevorkyan Ani , Golkocheva-Markova Elitsa , Atanasova Mariya , Rangelova Vanya , Raycheva Ralitsa , Ismailova Chyidem , Stoyanova Asya , Tenev Tencho
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is recognized as a zoonosis in several European countries. We describe the characteristics and outcomes of locally acquired acute HEV hepatitis.
Methodology: A prospective study was conducted among adult patients with acute HEV hepatitis at the University Hospital in Plovdiv, South Bulgaria between January 2020 and May 2022. An acute HEV infection case was a patient with acute hepatitis and laboratory-confirmed anti-HEV IgM antibodies and/or HEV RNA in serum. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, and outcomes were recorded.
Results: A total of 46 patients were selected. Median age of 65 years (interquartile range [IQR] 50.8-74.3). 28 (60.87%) were male. 22 (47.83%) had comorbidities such as diabetes (15), liver cirrhosis (3), hepatitis B virus infection (2), and malignancies (2). Of the 46, 18 (39.13%) patients were viremic and, HEV genotype 3 was detected. The median (IQR) serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, platelet, and international normalized ratio levels were 992 (495.8-1714.3) U/L, 715 (262.5-1259.3) U/L, 204 (132.3-235.5) µmol/L, 204 (132.3-235.5) ×109 L, and 1.0 (0.89-1.19), respectively. Six patients with underlying liver diseases had severe hepatitis. A young patient with osteoarthritis progressed to acute liver failure and died. The persistent HEV infection was ruled out in 2 malignant patients who tested HEV RNA negative three months after discharge.
Conclusions: Acute HEV hepatitis is a diagnosis to consider after excluding other causes of acute viral hepatitis. A diagnostic workup should include timely testing for HEV to identify the most vulnerable to severe consequences.
Metagenomic sequencing expedites diagnosis of disseminated BCG in an infant with BRAFV600E mutation
Authors: Yang Que , Wu Baojing , Wang Wenxia , Tan Ni , Huang Huarong
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) disease is a rare but serious BCG complication in children. Early diagnosis and timely interventions are essential to improve prognosis. However, its manifestations can closely mimic those of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), which usually leads to a high rate of misdiagnoses. Herein we report the first case of successful application of biopsy tissue metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the differential diagnosis of disseminated BCG disease and LCH.
Case study: A 5-month-old female infant was transferred to our center for the treatment of paroxysmal cough, intermittent hematochezia and trunk rash. Examination on admission showed moderate anemia, erythropenia, thrombocytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. The immunohistochemistry of her intestinal biopsy samples showed CD1a (+) and Langerin (+). Genetic testing of both peripheral blood and bone marrow samples suggested BRAFV600E mutation. Hence, she was initially diagnosed with LCH. However, no improvement was observed after a course of systemic chemotherapy. The left axillary lymph node and colonic mucosal biopsy specimens were sent for mNGS which resulted in sequence reads of Mycobacterium bovis-BCG. Triple antimycobacterial therapy was started according to the diagnosis.
Results: The diagnosis of this case was corrected as disseminated BCG disease by mNGS. Currently, she is doing well clinically and continues to follow-up at our outpatient clinic.
Conclusions: This case suggests that mNGS is a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis of disseminated BCG disease and LCH, which can improve the early diagnosis rate of disseminated BCG disease.
Workshop report: Workshop on psychiatric prescribing and psychology testing and intervention in children and adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Bouquillon Linda , Bindman Dot , Hendriksen Jos , Collin Phillipe , Hoskin Janet , Conn Rory , Geagan Chloe , Quinlivan Ros
Published: February 2024

This workshop aimed at summarising knowledge and key issues in psychiatric prescribing and psychological testing in children and adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). It comprised clinicians and patient representatives from the UK and the Netherlands. The following topics were discussed: a model for capturing the range of non-motor problems in the domains of cognition, learning, emotion and behaviour; psychosocial screening tools for use with children and adults; assessing neurocognitive functioning in children and adults; parent and teacher perspectives on psychosocial needs; and psychopharmacological treatment for affective disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and insomnia. Some key considerations included: the need for tools used to assess behavioural and psychosocial functioning to consider motor aspects in DMD; to understand more about working memory performance; the need for early interventions for automatisation problems, which affect reading and arithmetic; appropriate selection of tests for neuropsychology assessments; in schools, acknowledging the range of psychosocial risks and gathering evidence of psychosocial needs; the suitability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for mood and anxiety disorders; the use of stimulant medications for ADHD; melatonin use for insomnia; the cautious use of benzodiazepines; and the need for improving pathways for psychosocial care.
Pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from French Polynesia with first species records and description of new species
Authors: Krajčovičová Katarína , Ramage Thibault , Jacq Frédéric A. , Christophoryová Jana
Published: February 2024

A new species Olpium caputisp. nov. from Tahiti is described here based on external characters. This is the first record of the family Olpiidae Banks, 1895 from French Polynesia. Additionally, the genus Paratemnoides Harvey, 1991 is recorded from French Polynesia for the first time with the full description of new-found specimens of Paratemnoides assimilis (Beier, 1932). New localities of Geogarypus longidigitatus (Rainbow, 1897) are added. An identification key to pseudoscorpions of French Polynesia is provided.
Regulatory role of excitatory interneurons by combining electrical stimulation for absence seizures in the coupled thalamocortical model
Authors: Wu Quanjun , Zhang Zhu , Li Ranran , Liu Yufan , Chai Yuan
Published: February 2024

The role of excitatory interneurons (EINs) in the cortical has received increasing attention in the discussion of absence seizures. Numerous physiological experiments have confirmed the correlation between EIN and absence seizures. However, the dynamic mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood, and there are some challenges in selecting appropriate stimulation strategies for pyramidal clusters. In this study, we incorporated EIN into the previous Taylor model and developed an improved thalamocortical coupled model consisting of ten neuronal populations. Initially, we investigated the excitatory induction effect of EIN to pyramidal clusters and the external input of EIN. Then, four different targeted treatment approaches (deep brain stimulation (DBS), current balanced biphasic pulse (CBBP), 1:0 coordinated resetting stimulation (1:0 CRS), and 3:2 CRS) were applied to the pyramidal clusters. Moreover, we established two quantitative indices to evaluate the stimulation effects. The results showed that modifying the external input of EIN and the coupling strength projected onto the pyramidal clusters can effectively transition the system from an absence seizure state to other normal states. Additionally, inputs from the left compartment were found to reduce the generation of abnormal discharge regions in the right compartment. Furthermore, considering the treatment effects and current consumption, the 3:2 CRS stimulation strategy appeared to be the most suitable treatment approach for the pyramidal clusters. This work introduces a novel coupled model containing EIN, which contributes new theoretical foundations and insights for the future treatment of absence seizures.
Dynamics and density function for a stochastic anthrax epidemic model
Authors: Zhao Bing , Lyu Shuting , Zhang Qimin
Published: February 2024

In response to the pressing need to understand anthrax biology, this paper focused on the dynamical behavior of the anthrax model under environmental influence. We defined the threshold parameter $ R^s $, when $ R^s > 1 $; the disease was almost certainly present and the model exists a unique ergodic stationary distribution. Subsequently, statistical features were employed to analyze the dynamic behavior of the disease. The exact representation of the probability density function in the vicinity of the quasi-equilibrium point was determined by the Fokker-Planck equation. Finally, some numerical simulations validated our theoretical results.
Traveling wave solution of (3+1)-dimensional negative-order KdV-Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation
Authors: Gu Musong , Peng Chen , Li Zhao
Published: February 2024

We explored the (3+1)-dimensional negative-order Korteweg-de Vries-alogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff (KdV-CBS) equation, which develops the classical Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and extends the contents of nonlinear partial differential equations. A traveling wave transformation is employed to transform the partial differential equation into a system of ordinary differential equations linked with a cubic polynomial. Utilizing the complete discriminant system for polynomial method, the roots of the cubic polynomial were classified. Through this approach, a series of exact solutions for the KdV-CBS equation were derived, encompassing rational function solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions, hyperbolic function solutions, and trigonometric function solutions. These solutions not only simplified and expedited the process of solving the equation but also provide concrete and insightful expressions for phenomena such as optical solitons. Presenting these obtained solutions through 3D, 2D, and contour plots offers researchers a deeper understanding of the properties of the model and allows them to better grasp the physical characteristics associated with the studied model. This research not only provides a new perspective for the in-depth exploration of theoretical aspects but also offers valuable guidance for the practical application and advancement of related technologies.
Integrating Ebola optimization search algorithm for enhanced deep learning-based ransomware detection in Internet of Things security
Authors: Alzahrani Ibrahim R. , Allafi Randa
Published: February 2024

With the widespread use of Internet, Internet of Things (IoT) devices have exponentially increased. These devices become vulnerable to malware attacks with the enormous amount of data on IoT devices; as a result, malware detection becomes a major problem in IoT devices. A reliable and effective mechanism is essential for malware detection. In recent years, research workers have developed various techniques for the complex detection of malware, but accurate detection continues to be a problem. Ransomware attacks pose major security risks to corporate and personal information and data. The owners of computer-based resources can be influenced by monetary losses, reputational damage, and privacy and verification violations due to successful assaults of ransomware. Therefore, there is a need to swiftly and accurately detect the ransomware. With this motivation, the study designs an Ebola optimization search algorithm for enhanced deep learning-based ransomware detection (EBSAEDL-RD) technique in IoT security. The purpose of the EBSAEDL-RD method is to recognize and classify the ransomware to achieve security in the IoT platform. To accomplish this, the EBSAEDL-RD technique employs min-max normalization to scale the input data into a useful format. Also, the EBSAEDL-RD technique makes use of the EBSA technique to select an optimum set of features. Meanwhile, the classification of ransomware takes place using the bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) model. Then, the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) can be applied for optimum hyperparameter selection of the BiGRU model. The wide-ranging experiments of the EBSAEDL-RD approach are performed on benchmark data. The obtained results highlighted that the EBSAEDL-RD algorithm reaches better performance over other models on IoT security.
On solvability of some inverse problems for a nonlocal fourth-order parabolic equation with multiple involution
Authors: Turmetov Batirkhan , Karachik Valery
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the solvability of some inverse problems for a nonlocal analogue of a fourth-order parabolic equation was studied. For this purpose, a nonlocal analogue of the biharmonic operator was introduced. When defining this operator, transformations of the involution type were used. In a parallelepiped, the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Dirichlet type problem for a nonlocal biharmonic operator were studied. The eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for this problem were constructed explicitly and the completeness of the system of eigenfunctions was proved. Two types of inverse problems on finding a solution to the equation and its righthand side were studied. In the two problems, both of the righthand terms depending on the spatial variable and the temporal variable were obtained by using the Fourier variable separation method or reducing it to an integral equation. The theorems for the existence and uniqueness of the solution were proved.