bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the mid-Piacenzian warm climate using the water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2)
Authors: Sun Yong , Ding Lin , Su Baohuang , Dowsett Harry , Wu Haibin , Ramstein Gilles
Published: January 2023

The mid-Piacenzian warm period (MPWP, ~3.264–3.025 Ma, previously referred to as the mid-Pliocene warm period), is the most recent geological period with atmospheric CO2concentrations (400ppmv) close to today, but global surface temperatures were higher than today and in equilibrium with the CO2 concentrations. Therefore, the mid-Piacenzian equilibrated climate is often compared to the modern transient climate. In this study, we conduct a water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2) simulation to study the large-scale features of the MPWP following the protocols of Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2). This MPWP simulation exhibits considerable warming in the high latitudes comparable to high-latitude MPWP surface warming evidenced in proxy records (i.e., polar amplification) that has been often underestimated in previous simulations. The improved performance of iCESM1.2over the PlioMIP2 models is due to a larger contribution of iCESM1.2-simulated downward clear-sky surface long wave radiation fluxes affecting polar amplification. Compared to the PI period, the total precipitation simulated by iCESM1.2 is generally wetter than the PlioMIP2 multi-model ensemble mean (MME) except for the opposite performance between iCESM1.2 and PlioMIP2 MME over the regions [~30S°–10N]. A heavier δ18Op during the MPWP mainly occurred in the tropical Indian ocean and surrounding Asian-African-Australian monsoon regions. There are contrasting changes in the tropical meridional and zonal atmospheric circulations (Hadley and Walker cells) during the MPWP. A weakened and expanded Hadley circulation (toward the poles) led to a reduction in tropical precipitation [~30S°–10N] and a poleward shift of the edge of the northern subtropical arid zone. In contrast, the tropical zonal atmospheric overturning circulation (Walker cell) and the global ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are generally enhanced during the MPWP compared to the PI period.
DHX9 strengthens atherosclerosis progression by promoting inflammation in macrophages
Authors: Huangfu Ning , Ma Hongchuang , Tian Mengyun , Zhang Jie , Wang Yong , Li Zhenwei , Chen Xiaomin , Cui Hanbin
Published: January 2023

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cerebrovascular diseases, and macrophages play important roles in atherosclerosis. DExH-Box helicase 9 (DHX9), as a member of DExD/H-box RNA helicase superfamily II, is identified as an autoantigen in the sera of systemic lupus erythematosus patients to trigger inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DHX9 is involved in AS development, especially in macrophages-mediated-inflammatory responses. We find that DHX9 expression is significantly increased in oxLDL or interferon-γ-treated macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Knockdown of DHX9 inhibits lipid uptake and pro-inflammatory factors expression in macrophages, and ameliorates TNF-α-mediated monocyte adhesion capacity. Furthermore, we find that oxLDL stimulation promotes DHX9 interacting with p65 in macrophages, and further enhances the transcriptional activity of DHX9-p65-RNA Polymerase II complex to produce inflammatory factors. Moreover, using ApoE -/- mice fed with western diet to establish AS model, we find that knockdown of DHX9 medicated by adeno-associated virus-Sh-DHX9 through tail vein injection evidently alleviates AS progression in vivo. Finally, we also find that knockdown of DHX9 inhibits p65 activation, inflammatory factors expression, and the transcriptional activity of p65-RNA Polymerase II complex in PBMCs from patients with CAD. Overall, these results indicate that DHX9 promotes AS progression by enhancing inflammation in macrophages, and suggest DHX9 as a potential target for developing therapeutic drug.
A Lightweight Cross-Layer Intrusion Detection System on Jamming, Spoofing, and Mixed Attacks in Vehicular Communication
Authors: Fathi Mohammad , Sobhani Seyed naeim
Published: January 2023

A vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is among the communication networks classified as a subset of the Internet of things (IoT). In fact, it is considered as an effective solution to smartification of transportation systems and prevention of traffic collisions. The pervasiveness and wireless nature of communications in a VANET can provide a good opportunity for the presence of intruders and malicious users. However, the slightest disruption in the performance of this network can jeopardize people’s lives. This study aims to propose an intrusion detection system based on the cross-layer approach through supervised machine learning techniques to confront jamming and spoofing attacks in VANETs. For this purpose, 31 detection systems are developed and analyzed by combining five features (i.e., SINR, RSSI, speed, distance, and network congestion) and decision systems including decision tree, SVM, and K-NN algorithms. The proposed detection system can correctly classify and detect test data through the decision tree, SVM, and K-NN algorithms with approximate accuracies of 98%, 97%, and 96.67%, respectively. Moreover, considering the detection time, decision tree is selected as the fastest detection algorithm. Finally, this study proposes a lightweight intrusion detection system with an approximate accuracy of 98% by integrating three features of speed, distance and network congestion to detect jamming and spoofing attacks in a VANET.
Hybrid model outperformed individual models in predicting droughts in a semi-arid region of Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Shahed , Shahriar Shihab A. , Hossain Md. Lokman , Islam Rashik , Das Ashim C. , Salam Mohammed Abdus
Published: January 2023

Drought is one of the most significant repercussions of climate change. Worldwide droughts affect food security and ecological productivity. Bangladesh has faced a series of droughts over the past few decades, with significant economic and environmental consequences. The north-western region of Bangladesh is the most affected by drought because of its geographical location and semi-arid climate. With the increasing frequency and severity of droughts, rapid and reliable drought information is essential for agro-ecological production and food security. Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and three models (Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA), PROPHET, and ARMA-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARMA-GARCH)), we assessed the trends of drought in the five meteorological stations (Bogra, Dinajpur, Ishwardi, Rajshahi, and Rangpur) in the north-western region of Bangladesh for the period 1980–2019. Results show that the SPI trends were significant for Dinajpur and Ishwardi stations but insignificant for the other three stations (Bogra, Rajshahi, and Rangpur). Among the three models, the hybrid model (ARMA-GARCH) outperformed the individual models (ARMA and PROPHET), which suggests that the ARMA-GARCH model could be utilized to predict droughts as it showed higher accuracy than that of individual models. This study provides empirical evidence of (i) the intensification of drier climates in the north-western region of Bangladesh over the 40 years, which has practical implications for introducing climate adaptive practices in agriculture and other livelihood sectors, and (ii) the better performance of a hybrid model compared to individual models in predicting drought, which is of great significance for government decision-making.
Açaí palm intensification and the reorganization of woody plant assemblages at multiple spatial scales in an Amazonian estuarine forest
Authors: Barros¹ Maria Fabíola , Jardim Mário Augusto Gonçalves , Soares³ Victor Fernando Silva , Menezes Paula Maria Melo , Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães , Tabarelli Marcelo
Published: January 2023

The exploitation of non-timber forest products has been proposed as a sustainable way to exploit tropical forests, but such an opportunity remains to examined case-by-case. We examine the impact by the intensification of the açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea) management for fruit production via increments on palm clumps/stems density on the woody plant assemblages (adult and regenerating) in an estuarine forest landscape in the eastern Amazon region, Brazil. Across 30 forest stands açaí clumps density correlated negatively with stem density and taxonomic diversity considering both adult and regenerating woody plant assemblages, but it posed a positive effect on beta diversity via species turnover. Soil fertility and forest stand accessibility played a complementary role. Moreover, açaí clump density affected the abundance of particular woody plant species, including a set of species declining before the 400-açaí clump density threshold imposed by current regulation. Accordingly, açaí clump density influenced the taxonomic organization of woody plant assemblages at landscape spatial level. Finally, it is worth mention a group of 105 species, which were recorded across the regenerating assemblages but not in the adult assemblages. Among them, a large number of small-statured woody plant species typical from the forest understory (i.e., the shade-tolerant flora) such as those from Miconia, Piper, Bactris, Anonna and Geonoma genus among many. As intensification is still spreading it can be considered a threat to the integrity of the Amazon estuarine forest. It questions the ecological sustainability the current Amazonian “black gold” is produced.
A class of optimal frequency hopping sequences based on the decimated m-sequences
Authors: Qin Qingru , Su Wei , Wang Jianpeng
Published: January 2023

In frequency hopping communication system, the correlation characteristic of frequency hopping sequence is an important standard to measure the system performance. Therefore, the design of new frequency hopping sequences with low correlation property has always been one of the important topics in frequency hopping systems. In this paper, we present a class of frequency hopping sequences with respect to the Lempel-Greenberger bound, which is based on the character sums over finite fields and the decimation of m-sequences. The parameters of this frequency hopping sequences are new.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 11B50, 11B65, 11B83.
High expression of PPIA associates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Jichao , Wang Yanjun , Zhao Zhiwei , Ge Yanhui
Published: January 2023

Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence rate and mortality. Due to the lack of effective diagnostic indicators, most patients are diagnosed in late stage and have a poor prognosis. An increasing number of studies have proved that PPIA can play an oncogene role in various cancer types. However, the precise mechanism of PPIA in GC is still unclear. Methods The mRNA levels of PPIA in pan-cancer and the prognostic value of PPIA on GC was evaluated using multiple databases. Additionally, the relationship between PPIA expression and clinical factors in GC was also examined. Moreover, the genetic alteration and DNA methylation analysis was conducted. Furthermore, the upstream regulator miRNA and lncRNA of PPIA were identified. Finally, the relationship between PPIA expression and immune checkpoint expression, immune cell biomarkers, and immune cell infiltration in GC were also performed by TIMER database. Results PPIA was upregulated in most tumor tissues compared to the corresponding normal tissues including GC and PPIA expression had a close relationship with GC patients. However, the abnormal expression of PPIA was not affected by genetic alteration and DNA methylation. We confirmed that PPIA was regulated by upstream ncRNAs and the upstream regulator miRNA and lncRNA of PPIA were identified. Finally, this study revealed that PPIA was negatively correlated with immune checkpoint expression, immune cell biomarkers, and immune cell infiltration in GC. Conclusions lnc01232/miRNA-204-5p/PPIA axis might act as a potential biological pathway in GC and negatively related to immune cell infiltration in GC.
Test Case Reduction and SWOA Optimization for Distributed Agile Software Development Using Regression Testing
Authors: Singh Madan , Chauhan Naresh , Popli Rashmi
Published: January 2023

Regression testing is a well-established practice in software development, but its position and importance have shifted in recent years as agile approaches have grown in popularity, emphasizing the fundamental role of regression testing in preserving software quality. In previous techniques, the challenge to address is determining the number and size of clusters and optimization to stability the cost and efficacy of the strategy. To overcome all the existing drawbacks; this research study proposes Test Case Reduction and SWOA Optimization for Distributed Agile Software Development Using Regression Testing. The purpose of this research study is to look into regression testing strategies in agile development teams and to find out what they are optimum clustered test cases. The proposed strategy is divided into two stages that are prioritization as well as selection. Prioritization and selection are carried out once the test instances have been retrieved and grouped. The test clusters are sorted and prioritized in this stage to ensure that the most critical instances are chosen first. Second, the Support-based Whale Optimization Algorithm (SWOA) is used to choose test cases with a greater frequency of failure or coverage criterion. The results of the assessment metrics show that the proposed approach outperforms other current regression testing strategies substantially. Our suggested technique outperforms current methods in terms of information, according to the findings of the trials.
Association between Antibiotic Use and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea
Authors: Park Sun Jae , Hong Jaeyi , Park Young Jun , Jeong Seogsong , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Oh Yun Hwan , Han Minjung , Ko Ahryoung , Kim Sugyeong , Cho Yoosun , Kim Ji Soo , Son Joung Sik , Park Sang Min
Published: January 2023

Background
Several studies suggest that antibiotic use may affect overall cancer incidence, but the association between antibiotics and prostate cancer is still unclear.
Methods
A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. 1,032,397 individuals were followed up from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019. Multivariate Cox hazards regression was utilized to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of prostate cancer according to accumulative days of antibiotic use and the number of antibiotic classes used.
Results
Individuals who used antibiotics for 180 or more days had a higher risk of prostate cancer (aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.91) than those who did not use antibiotics. Also, individuals who used four or more kinds of antibiotics had a higher risk of prostate cancer (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.30) than antibiotic non-users. A similar trend was observed among participants who underwent health examinations.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that long-term use of antibiotics may affect prostate cancer incidence. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the association between antibiotic use and prostate cancer incidence.
Correlation between the Thyroid Image and Reporting Data System (TIRADS) and the Bethesda System for Reporting the Thyroid Cytopathology in Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Ghazi Faiz Najmuddin , Zain Wan Zainira Wan , Yahya Maya Mazuwin , Haron Juhara , Rahman Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul , Zakaria Zaidi , Mokhter Wan Mokhzani Wan , Mamat Ahmad Zuhdi , Has Mohd Nizam Md , Ramely Rosnelifaizur , Wong Michael Pak-Kai
Published: January 2023

Background: The thyroid imaging and reporting data system (TIRADS) has been routinely used to report thyroid nodules since its introduction in 2017. Similarly, the Bethesda system is a well-validated method used to report the cytopathology of thyroid lesions for over a decade. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between these two systems.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised patients who underwent ultrasound assessments of the thyroid gland followed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid nodules at a teaching hospital. The variables were categorised into ultrasound and cytological findings, and the outcomes measured from the two systems (validity of the system and risk of malignancy in each group of thyroid nodules) were correlated. Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the correlation, and the Kappa test was used to determine the agreement between the systems.
Results: A total of 295 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were identified during the study period. Females represented 82.7% of the study population, and the majority of the patients presented with multiple thyroid nodules (74.2%) and bilateral diseases (60.7%). The number of patients with TIRADS 3 and 4 nodules was 102 and 132, respectively, whereas the highest number of patients (n = 231) presented with the Bethesda II subcategory. Only 31.5% of the patients underwent thyroidectomy, and 18.3% had a final histological diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. The Spearman’s correlation value (ρ) between TIRADS and Bethesda was 0.464 (p < 0.001), and the linear-weighted kappa was 0.203 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.153–0.253), indicating a good correlation between the two systems. Both systems showed good diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve [AUC], 85.8% and 85.6%, respectively). The malignancy risks for TIRADS 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 0%, 2.9%, 18.2% and 93.1%, respectively.
Conclusions: Good correlations were observed between the TIRADS and Bethesda systems. Thus, they can be used to predict the cytological results of FNAC, which will aid in achieving more accurate decisions for both biopsy and surgical interventions while managing the thyroid nodule.
Maternal diet enriched with African walnuts confers neurodevelopmental resilience to MnCl2-induced neurotoxic cascades in rats
Authors: Arogundade Tolulope Timothy , Gbadamosi Ismail , Atoyebi Aminat , Bamisi Olawande , Lewu Folasade Susan , Tokunbo Olorunfemi , Yawson Emmanuel , Lambe Ezra , Arogundade Olutayo , Olajide Olayemi Joseph , Enaibe Bernard
Published: January 2023

Background: Early experiences at critical milestones significantly impact neurocognitive outcomes by altering brain development. Such issues can affect children’s academic achievement, disturb their behaviour, lower their quality of life, and raise their risk of derangement in adulthood. These problems are linked to many possible neurotoxicants, including high ambient manganese (Mn) exposure. Walnuts possess high levels of ω-3 fatty acids and a high content of potent phytochemicals, all of which play an essential role in brain health. This present study explored the ability of a maternal walnut-enriched diet (WED) to protect against MnCl2-induced developmental neurotoxicity in utero vis-à-vis early postnatal stages in rats. Dams were exposed to diet and Mn treatment during gestation and/or preweaning periods. At the onset of adolescence (~postnatal day 28), offspring of dams were examined on the Y-maze and elevated-plus maze to evaluate working memory and anxiety levels. After euthanasia, cortical and hippocampal tissues were harvested for subsequent analyses by histology, histochemistry, PCR, and spectrophotometry methods. All data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. Significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: Offspring of dams treated with MnCl2 exhibited a significant reduction in working memory and a loss of emotional stability, which was restored by WED; Mn aberrations in histomorphology of the PFC and hippocampus were abated by WED; dysregulation in gene expression of DNMT3A, H2Ax, BDNF, and OPA1 was prevented by developmental WED; upregulated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines which correlated with MnCl2 exposure was significantly reduced by walnut supplementation and; finally, accompanied perturbation of the cholinergic system (AChE) by MnCl2 was significantly counteracted by WED.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that WED intervened and forestalled deficits in behaviour, structural alterations, and functional dysregulation arising from manganese neurotoxicity in developing rats.
The response predictive and prognostic values of systemic inflammation response index in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zuo Ran , Zhu Fuyi , Zhang Cuicui , Ma Jincheng , Chen Jinliang , Yue Ping , Cui Jinfang , Wang Yu , Chen Peng
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the response predictive and prognostic values of different peripheral blood cell biomarkers in patients receiving first-line therapy for advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).
Methods: Patients diagnosed with advanced LUAD as well as healthy controls and patients with benign pulmonary diseases were collected in this retrospective study. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the prognostic factors.
Results: Compared with control groups, the level of peripheral blood leucocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, platele, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were higher in LUAD patients (all p＜0.001). Partial inflammatory markers decreased at the time of optimal response and then increased again as the disease progressed. Multivariate analysis revealed that gene mutation status (p=0.001)，treatment options (p=0.003), optimal response (p＜0.001), mode of disease progression (p=0.003), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (p=0.001), and LDH (p=0.016)were independent prognostic factors. The area under the curve of SIRI and LDH to distinguish prognosis of LUAD patients was 0.625( p＜0.001) and 0.596( p=0.008). When SIRI and LDH were combined, it increased to 0.649 ( p＜0.001).
Conclusions: Pretreatment SIRI was a prognostic factor of PFS in advanced LUAD patients. Dynamic monitoring of changes in inflammatory index could help predict therapeutic efficacy. The combination of SIRI and LDH present its capability to be a clinically accessible biomarker for predicting LUAD patients’ prognosis.
A new analytical strategy based on a wavelet computing technique for solving Fokker-Plank equation arises in stochastic phenomena
Authors: Rajaraman R , Hariharan G
Published: January 2023

A relatively recent method called the Hermite Wavelet Method (HWM) is used to design a simple strategy for solving the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) for a given pair of drift and diffusion functions in stochastic phenomena. The Fokker-Plank equation is analyzed for Morse, Hulthen and logarithmic potentials. The joint and marginal probability density functions of FPE are obtained. The strategy is efficient to apply to many linear and nonlinear problems and can significantly reduce computing labour. To demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the approach and to obtain the probability distribution functions of FPE, illustrative examples are provided.
Mathematical subject classification: 35K20
An overview of Study on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh: Area of Rangpur Division
Authors: Akash Md. , Jahid Md. Jahidul Islam , Habib Md Ahsan
Published: January 2023

Several bank in Bangladesh offer their financial services using mobile technology. Mobile transactions are simple and economical for clients. Mobile banking is performing of the finance of the finance related functions on a mobile device such as smartphone or tablet. This paper provides a picture of how mobile banking now operates and what it could look like in the future. The future of the banking industry will get brighter every day as a result of the study’s conclusion that clients are happy with the services provided by the new banking system. This article will significantly benefit Bangladeshi banks by improving service delivery and raising consumer awareness of available options.
A Survey of Verbena xutha Lehm. (Gulf Vervain) Morphological and Cytological Characteristics
Authors: Parrish S. Brooks , Qian Renjuan , Wilson Sandra B. , Knox Gary W. , Deng Zhanao
Published: January 2023

Gulf vervain (Verbena xutha) is a herbaceous perennial native to the southern United States. The species produces attractive spike inflorescences that provide a source of food for many pollinators. Besides botanical classifications, pollen morphology and cytological traits of this species have not been documented until now. Gulf vervain was found to have 2n = 42 chromosomes, with the first report of 2C nuclear DNA content of 2.95 pg. Convex-triangular pollen grains averaged 37.18 μm in diameter, with 84% stainability after cotton blue staining to estimate pollen viability. This information brings light to the genetic makeup of gulf vervain and may aid in future breeding programs.
Survey of Pest Management Practices on US Golf Courses
Authors: Shaddox Travis W. , Unruh J. Bryan , Johnson Mark E. , Brown Clark D. , Stacey Greg
Published: January 2023

Integrated pest management (IPM) is an important component of golf course maintenance and includes conventional chemical pesticide use as well as nonchemical cultural management practices. Determining how frequent pest management practices are used on golf courses is critical when developing educational and outreach programs. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of pest management practices and pesticide mixing and storage facilities on US golf courses. A survey was sent to 14,033 operational US golf facilities with 10% responding. Reliance on all conventional chemical pesticides increased from 2015 to 2021. The reliance on biological control products declined to 14% and reliance on the nonpesticide practice of using plant growth regulators remained equivalent to 2015. The most common pest management practices included monitoring weather patterns and scouting for pests, with 93% of golf facilities reporting the use of both. The use of written IPM and pesticide application plans increased from 44% to 63% of golf facilities between 2015 and 2021, respectively. Generally, mixing and storage facilities remained unchanged from 2015 to 2021. US golf facilities continue to use nonchemical pest management practices, but reliance on chemical pesticides has increased.
Reducing Powdery Mildew in High-tunnel Tomato Production in Oregon with Ultra Violet-C Lighting
Authors: Buckland Kristine R. , Ocamb Cynthia M. , Rasmussen Ann L. , Nackley Lloyd L.
Published: January 2023

Widespread outbreaks of tomato powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica and Oidium neolycopersici) are problematic in fresh market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops in western Oregon, USA. In western Oregon, fresh market tomatoes are frequently grown in greenhouses or high tunnels where conditions can promote diseases such as powdery mildew. Heightened concerns about worker safety limit the pesticides available for use in enclosed systems. We studied the efficacy of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light applications under high-tunnel conditions compared with a standard fungicide program. Plants treated with UV-C had zero incidence of powdery mildew on all sample dates in the first trial. In trial 2, disease incidence was lower on UV-C treated plants than both grower standard and nontreated control early in the study while disease severity remained lower in UV-C than nontreated control and similar to grower standard treatment. Additional research is needed to optimize UV-C treatment intervals to minimize negative effects on plant growth and maximize powdery mildew control.
Time-course RNA-sequencing and Co-expression Modules Revealed a Critical Salt Response Regulatory Network in Apple
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Meiling , Wang Liping , Zhang Xuyao , Wu Ruigang , Shen Fei
Published: January 2023

As one of the most important fruit tree crops, apple (Malus ×domestica), is faced with the serious impact of soil salinization. However, the underlying genetic and regulatory network remains elusive. Here, we adopted time-course RNA sequencing to decipher the genetic basis and regulatory module of apple in response to salt stress. Among a series of intense changes in genes at each time point, the critical genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway were highly consistent with the duration of the stress treatment. Moreover, Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) genes were identified and predicted to play important roles in the response process. We constructed coexpression modules and explored modules significantly associated with stress. SOS genes were identified in the hub genes, suggesting a critical role. Interestingly, transcription factors were also identified and predicted to cointeract with SOS genes in the hub genes of the coexpression module [e.g., HB7 (MD01G1226600), WRKY33 (MD12G1181000), and ERF106 (MD07G1248700)]. Collectively, our exploration and findings provide a reference and data resource for the study of genetic and salt regulatory networks in apple.
Türkiye’de TR21 Bölgesinin (Trakya) Biyogaz Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KAYKIOĞLU Gül , CANTEKİN Elif
Published: January 2023

Hızlı nüfus artışına paralel olarak, oluşan atık miktarı da artmaktadır. Günümüzde atıkların bertarafı için kullanılan konvansiyonel yöntemler, bu atıkların çevreye zarar vermeyecek şekilde tekrar kullanımına ya da enerji elde edilmesine uygun olamamaktadır. Son yıllarda, çevrede olumsuz etkilere sebep olabilecek atıkların enerji değerleri dikkate alınmaya başlanmış ve enerji elde edilebilecek bertaraf yöntemlerine olan yönelim artış göstermiştir. Trakya Bölgesi, nüfusun yoğun olduğu, sanayi, tarım ve hayvancılık faaliyetlerinin iç içe yürütüldüğü, Türkiye için önemli bir coğrafik bölgede yer almakta olup, enerji potansiyeli yüksek katı atık üretimi de fazladır. Bu çalışmada, Trakya Bölgesindeki biyogaz potansiyeli, hayvansal atıklar, bitkisel atıklar, arıtma çamurları ve mutfak atıkları dikkate alınarak belirlenmiştir. Trakya Bölgesinin biyogaz potansiyeli belirlenirken yıl bazındaki Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 2010, 2015 ve 2020 yıllarına ait toplam biyogaz potansiyelinin sırasıyla 281.452 m3/gün, 341.228 m3/gün ve 358.153 m3/gün olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tükenmekte olan fosil yakıtların yerine, atıkların hem ekonomik hem de ekolojik olarak bertaraf edilmesiyle elde edilen biyogaz enerjisinin kullanılması hem Trakya Bölgesi hem de ülkemiz için önerilmektedir.
On the sustainable development of the energy theory of natural stone diamond-abrasive destruction
Authors:   OOO Kompleksnoe proektirovanie, Mikhail Gurov , Vladimir Velikanov ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: January 2023

Research objective is to review the history of the energy theory based on works under Professor Pershin G. D, DSc. Introduction. Modern technology of solid minerals machine mining is implemented using a rock cutting tool. The mechanical impact on the rock is carried out by various winning and heading machines, as well as borehole and well drilling equipment. The tool’s contacting with rock causes dulling and wearing out. The intensity of work tool dulling affects mining machines performance, power and energy consumption, which, in turn, decisively influences performance indicators of mining. It should be noted that work tool wearing out and dulling affect the consumption of drilling steel and hard alloys. It has been established that the mean specific consumption of drilling steel is about 200 g/m3 . Until now, researchers have evaluated rock abrasiveness experimentally through special laboratory and bench tests. Three main stages of sustainable development of the energy theory of natural stone diamond-abrasive destruction have been identified. Indicators and criteria for the diamond cutting tool performance have been established. It is logically substantiated that as a transition from macro-destruction criteria to the micro-level of diamond grain and sawn rock interaction, more accurate quantitative indicators of diamond destruction are realized. Methods of research. An integrated approach was used that includes the scientific analysis and generalization of previously published studies, analytical dependencies and system analysis. Scope of research. This energy theory makes it possible to implement a versatile approach that is supposed to be used when studying the performance of a diamond cutting tool and also allows the most complete and accurate assessment of a particular factor effect on the outcome of natural stone diamond-abrasive destruction. The research results make it possible to compile a unified universal classification of rock resistance to surface destruction by a diamond-abrasive tool when sawing natural stone.
Neotectonics and seismicity of the Urals
Authors:   Institute of Geophysics UB RAS, Aleksandr Guliaev
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The Ural submeridional mountain belt is an epipaleozoic orogen rejuvenated in the contemporary period (in the Neogene-Quaternary period in the last 20–30 million years). In the pre-Paleozoic era, the Urals developed as a submeridional upland, presumably as a result of the interaction (clash) between the East European and West Siberian plates. In the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, the Urals developed as a submeridional upland. As a result, the Ural Paleozoic orogen was largely (almost completely) destroyed by weathering, but in the second half of the Cenozoic time it was rejuvenated and experienced some growth again. The reason for the rejuvenation of the Urals could be the subhorizontal compression of the Urals crust between the East European (EEP) and West Siberian (WSP) plates, which occurred in the contemporary period (in the last 20–30 million years). The epicenters of contemporary Ural sensible earthquakes are localized in the East European Craton bordering the Urals along the boundaries of the Ufa obduction of the EEP. The intensity of Ural earthquakes ranges from 3–4 to 5–6 according to MSK-64 scale, and their magnitude is estimated in the range from 2.0 to 6.0–6.5. Research objective is to assess the seismicity and seismic activity of the Urals in the contemporary period and the relationship between Ural sensible earthquake epicenters and its rejuvenated tectonic structures. Methods of research. The spacing of sensible earthquake epicenters in the Urals relative to tectonic structures of different age was estimated by comparing the corresponding geological and tectonic schemes of the Urals. Results. The analysis showed that the epicenters of sensible earthquakes are located mainly along the periphery of the Ufa obduction of the EEP, which interacts with the Ural orogen. Most of the epicenters are located in the northeastern boundary of the Ufa obduction of the EEP. Earthquake epicenters are located both within the Ural orogen (in the zone of geodynamic influence of the Serov-Mauk regional submeridional fault), and within the eastern edge of the East European Craton, in the trough of the western piedmont of the Ural Mountains and adjacent areas.
Usaha guru dalam meningkatkan belajar Bahasa arab di pondok pesantren Mujahidin Samarinda
Authors: Mustamin Mustamin , Syarifaturrahmatullah Syarifaturrahmatullah , Masitah Masitah
Published: January 2023

Bahasa Arab termasuk pada mata pelajaran yang terdapat dalam kurikulum pendidikan. Walaupun mata pelajaran bahasa Arab terdapat di dalam kurikulum pendidikan tetapi masih banyak siswa yang kurang berminat pada mata pelajaran bahasa Arab. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya serius untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor yang menjadi penyebab rendahnya minat siswa dalam belajar bahasa Arab. Maka dari itu, peneliti pada skripsi ini akan membahas tentang Upaya Guru dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Bahasa Arab kelas VIII MTs. Al-Mujahidin Samarinda. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya guru dalam meningkatkan minat belajar bahasa Arab siswa kelas VIII di MTs. Al-Mujahidin Samarinda.  2) untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran minat belajar bahasa Arab siswa kelas VIII di MTs. Al-Mujahidin Samarinda. 3) untuk mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam meningkatkan minat belajar bahasa Arab siswa kelas VIII di MTs. Al-Mujahidin Samarinda. Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dalam penelitian ini dengan metode deskriptif yaitu studi lapangan. Dan teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu: Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumen tertulis.Dan hasil dari penelitian yang telah di dapat oleh peneliti adalah beberapa upaya guru dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa kelas VIII MTs. Al-Mujahidin Samarinda yakni : 1) menyajikan materi-materi pembelajaran bahasa Arab yang relevan dengan kehidupan peserta didik. 2) memberikan tanggung jawab kepada peserta didik yang memiliki minat belajar bahasa Arab yang tinggi untuk melakukan pendampingan-pendampingan kepada peserta didik yang memiliki minat belajar bahasa Arab yang rendah. 3) membangun komunikasi yang santai dengan peserta didik baik di dalam kelas ataupun di luar kelas. 4) mengelola kegiatan pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan metode pembelajaran yang menyenangkan. 5) meningkatkan minat belajar bahasa Arab siswa dengan memberikan teladan menggunakan bahasa Arab melalui berbagai ungkapan populer. 6) persiapan mengajar seperti adanya RPP, media dan sumber materi pembelajaran yang relevan dengan materi yang disampaikan.
Numerical calculation of sediment transport capacity of land flow on slopes: method investigation and improvement
Authors: Li Yan , Yuan Weijun , Zhang Kuandi , Li ZiYan
Published: January 2023

To determine the response between the onshore sediment transport capacity (Tc) and various hydraulic parameters, a variable-slope, fixed-bed flume experiment was conducted to investigate Tc for five slopes and six flow rates by comparing five levels of sediment, and a total of 150 experiments were conducted. The results show that among the response relationships between each hydraulic parameter and Tc, the relationships between flow power, unit flow power, and average flow velocity and Tc is significant. In predicting Tc under different soil conditions, the shear stress produced divergence, which should be further explored. The reliability of using slope and flow rate as a single parameter to predict Tc is questionable. As a kinetic index, flow power can be used to predict Tc. The average flow velocity and unit flow power can predict Tc well and are closely related to the soil used in the experiments. The shear stress of water flow can express the evolution of Tc, which is mainly influenced by the median particle size of sediment particles in predicting Tc. The results of the study provide a new method for establishing a prediction model for soil erosion in the loess hilly gully area.
Water commons as a socioenvironmental project for the 21st century in Chile
Authors: Torres-Salinas Robinson , Alvez Marin Amaya
Published: January 2023

We describe how the water commons agenda has been mobilized by different social groups of Chilean society, including water social movements and indigenous people, and the way it was included in the constitutional debate (2021–2022). Although the draft for the new Constitution was rejected in September 2022, we argue that the water commons agenda is still being mobilized as a socioenvironmental project for the 21st century. Simply put, the water commons agenda does not disappear with the defeat of the proposed new Constitution. It continues to challenge the neoliberalization of nature and water imposed during the Pinochet dictatorship, proposing to create new ways to sustain the territories of life.
Decision-making for the hazard ranking of water distribution networks using the TOPSIS method
Authors: Park HaeKeum , Kim KiBum , Hyung JinSeok , Kim TaeHyeon , Koo JaYong
Published: January 2023

Owing to the consecutive occurrence of water quality incidents, such as the black and red water situation in Incheon, Mullae (Seoul), and Pohang, as well as the tap water larval events in Incheon and Jeju in 2020, South Korea's Ministry of Environment announced the new addition of Article 12-2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Water Supply and Waterworks Installation Act 2021. Additionally, the importance of intensive management for vulnerable areas where water quality incidents and complaints may occur repeatedly was specified. Therefore, this study suggests the hazard ranking of district-metered areas in the study area using the deterioration of the water distribution network, complaints (water quality, leakage), and modeling results (water pressure, residual chlorine concentration) to support the establishment of a reasonable water distribution network maintenance plan. The effective and sustainable maintenance of the water distribution network is possible if the hazard ranking is regularly determined using the suggested methodology proposed herein and the water distribution network intensive management area is managed.
Research on leakage area detection method in water distribution network based on gray wolf optimization
Authors: Fang QianSheng , Chen Jie , Xie ChenLei
Published: January 2023

Leakage in a water distribution network (WDN) leads to a large amount of water loss and water pipe pollution and affects residents’ domestic water supply. Therefore, network leakage detection significantly saves water resources. The traditional model approach has ample search space in solving large distribution network applications, a challenging and complex leakage detection process and a low detection accuracy. For the above problems, this study proposes a new method of leakage area detection based on gray wolf optimization (GWO). First, the extensive WDN is divided into several virtual areas. Then, the leakage is simulated by the additional water demand of nodes, and the node demand of the distribution network is calibrated based on the GWO algorithm. Finally, the leakage area is identified, and the size of the leakage in that area is estimated. The method was experimented on in two cases, simulating single-point leakage and multi-point simultaneous leakage, respectively. The results show that the method estimates the size of leakage in the corresponding area based on accurate identification of leakage areas, and the detection error of leakage is within 17.14%. The method provides water workers with guidance on leak detection, significantly reducing staff time to repair pipes.
Comparing machine-learning-based black box techniques and white box models to predict rainfall-runoff in a northern area of Iraq, the Little Khabur River
Authors: Sayed Biju Theruvil , Al-Mohair Hani Kaid , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Ramírez-Coronel Andrés Alexis , Elsahabi Mohamed
Published: January 2023

The rainfall-runoff process is one of the most complex hydrological phenomena. Estimating runoff in the basin is one of the main conditions for planning and optimal use of rainfall. Using machine learning models in various sciences to investigate phenomena for which statistical information is available is a helpful tool. This study investigates and compares the abilities of HEC-HMS and TOPMODEL as white box models and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and gene expression programming (GEP) as black box models in rainfall-runoff simulation using 5-year statistical data. Using the inputs of rainfall and temperature of the previous day and discharge in the steps of the previous 2 days reduced the prediction error of both models. Examining the role of different parameters in improving the accuracy of simulations showed that the temperature as an effective parameter in cold months reduces the amount of prediction error. A comparison of R2, RMSE, and MBE showed that black box models are more effective forecasting tools. Among the black box models, the ANFIS model with R2 = 0.82 has performed better than the GEP model with R2 = 0.76. For white box models, the HEC-HMS and TOPMODEL had R2 equal to 0.3 and 0.25, respectively.
Study on the ozonation degradation of methylene blue enhanced by microchannel and ultrasound
Authors: Liu Huiyang , Yu Jianfeng , Liu Xiangyu
Published: January 2023

Azo dye-containing wastewater poses serious risks of environmental pollution because it is generally biologically toxic and resistant to conventional wastewater treatment methods. A novel degradation system integrating ozone, microchannel, and ultrasound was designed to effectively degrade azo dye-contaminated wastewater. The effects of discharge voltage of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, liquid flow rate, microchannel width, ultrasonic power, initial pH, and reaction temperature on methylene blue (MB) decolorization were studied. A maximum MB decolorization efficiency of 92.7% was obtained in the ozone/microchannel/ultrasound (O3/MC/US) system with 14 min of treatment. In addition, the 14-min decolorization efficiency and TOC removal efficiency obtained in O3/MC/US system were increased by 12.6 and 6.5%, respectively, compared to those obtained in the pure O3 system. Based on the results of scavenging experiments, the combined effects of microchannel and ultrasound were proved to improve the contribution rate of hydroxyl radicals, thus improving the decolorization efficiency. The present work clearly illustrates that ozonation degradation can be effectively enhanced by microchannel and ultrasound, and also provides a feasible method for the treatment of organic wastewater.
All-optical Logic Gate Using Photonic Crystals for Ultra-Fast Telecommunication Applications
Authors: Michael Margarat , Caroline B. Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

Most major high-speed applications, such as communications, environmental monitoring, transportation, smart homes, industries and gadgets are enabled by
recent photonic technology. Basic all-optical logic gates are used in the development of
image sensors, ultra-fast optical devices, and positioning equipment in high-speed
applications. Among different technologies proposed for all-optical implementation,
Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA) have been widely adopted. They have
attractive features such as wide gain bandwidth, low power consumption, compactness
and strong non-linearity. SOA still has a limitation that its spontaneous emission noise
restricts the performance. The semiconductor optical amplifiers with quantum dots
exhibit higher saturation output power, lower current density threshold, wider gain
bandwidth, and low noise figure than conventional SOA. Quantum Dot Semiconductor
Optical Amplifiers (QDSOAs) also have limitations like large size, high power
consumption and spontaneous emission of noise. Photonic Crystal (PhC) is an artificial
material that is suitable to overcome all drawbacks of SOA and QDSOA due to its
simple structure and compactness, high speed, low power consumption, and low loss.
PhC-based structures allow propagation of light in a controlled manner with its
periodic crystal arrangements having dissimilar diffraction index. PhCs are considered
to be a suitable structure for designing all-optical devices with compactness. In this
chapter, an all-optical XOR is designed. Initially, the XOR gate is designed and
simulated by using the FDTD method. The proposed XOR logic is achieved without
nano-resonators and then with nanoresonators to get enhanced performance metrics in
the form of high contrast ratio. The contrast ratio is 260 dB for the XOR gate with a
delay time of 0.19 ps. The proposed XOR logic gate has potential practical applications
for high speed applications of telecommunication systems.