bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endogenous and exogeneous stimuli-triggered reactive oxygen species evoke long-lived carbon monoxide to fight against lung cancer
Authors: Fang Yujia , Yang Jianjun , Liang Xiayi , Wu Jing , Xie Mengqing , Zhang Kun , Su Chunxia
Published: July 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated anticancer approaches usually suffer from two limitations, i.e., insufficient ROS level and short ROS half-life. Nevertheless, no report has synchronously addressed both concerns yet. Herein, a multichannel actions-enabled nanotherapeutic platform using hollow manganese dioxide (H-MnO2) carriers to load chlorin e6 (Ce6) sonosensitizer and CO donor (e.g., Mn2(CO)10) has been constructed to maximumly elevate ROS level and trigger cascade catalysis to produce CO. Therein, intratumoral H2O2 and ultrasound as endogenous and exogeneous triggers stimulate H-MnO2 and Ce6 to produce •OH and 1O2, respectively. The further cascade reaction between ROS and Mn2(CO)10 proceeds to release CO, converting short-lived ROS into long-lived CO. Contributed by them, such a maximumly-elevated ROS accumulation and long-lived CO release successfully suppresses the progression, recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer with a prolonged survival rate. More significantly, proteomic and genomic investigations uncover that the CO-induced activation of AKT signaling pathway, NRF-2 phosphorylation and HMOX-1 overexpression induce mitochondrial dysfunction to boost anti-tumor consequences. Thus, this cascade catalysis strategy can behave as a general means to enrich ROS and trigger CO release against refractory cancers.

Graphic Abstract
Optimization of micelle-encapsulated extremely small sized iron oxide nanoparticles as a T1 contrast imaging agent: biodistribution and safety profile
Authors: Suh Minseok , Park Ji Yong , Ko Guen Bae , Kim Ji Yoon , Hwang Do Won , Rees Louis , Conway Gillian E , Doak Shareen H , Kang Hyelim , Lee Nohyun , Hyeon Taeghwan , Lee Yun-Sang , Lee Dong Soo
Published: July 2024

Background

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for various clinical applications, such as tumor-targeted imaging, hyperthermia therapy, drug delivery, and live-cell tracking. However, the application of IONPs as T1 contrast agents has been restricted due to their high r2 values and r2/r1 ratios, which limit their effectiveness in T1 contrast enhancement. Notably, IONPs with diameters smaller than 5 nm, referred to as extremely small-sized IONPs (ESIONs), have demonstrated potential in overcoming these limitations. To advance the clinical application of ESIONs as T1 contrast agents, we have refined a scale-up process for micelle encapsulation aimed at improving the hydrophilization of ESIONs, and have carried out comprehensive in vivo biodistribution and preclinical toxicity assessments.

Results

The optimization of the scale-up micelle-encapsulation process, specifically employing Tween60 at a concentration of 10% v/v, resulted in ESIONs that were uniformly hydrophilized, with an average size of 9.35 nm and a high purification yield. Stability tests showed that these ESIONs maintained consistent size over extended storage periods and dispersed effectively in blood and serum-mimicking environments. Relaxivity measurements indicated an r1 value of 3.43 mM− 1s− 1 and a favorable r2/r1 ratio of 5.36, suggesting their potential as T1 contrast agents. Biodistribution studies revealed that the ESIONs had extended circulation times in the bloodstream and were primarily cleared via the hepatobiliary route, with negligible renal excretion. We monitored blood clearance and organ distribution using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additionally, MRI signal variations in a dose-dependent manner highlighted different behaviors at varying ESIONs concentrations, implying that optimal dosages might be specific to the intended imaging application. Preclinical safety evaluations indicated that ESIONs were tolerable in rats at doses up to 25 mg/kg.

Conclusions

This study effectively optimized a scale-up process for the micelle encapsulation of ESIONs, leading to the production of hydrophilic ESIONs at gram-scale levels. These optimized ESIONs showcased properties conducive to T1 contrast imaging, such as elevated r1 relaxivity and a reduced r2/r1 ratio. Biodistribution study underscored their prolonged bloodstream presence and efficient clearance through the liver and bile, without significant renal involvement. The preclinical toxicity tests affirmed the safety of the ESIONs, supporting their potential use as T1 contrast agent with versatile clinical application.
Strategies to prevent blood loss and reduce transfusion in emergency general surgery, WSES-AAST consensus paper
Authors: Coccolini Federico , Shander Aryeh , Ceresoli Marco , Moore Ernest , Tian Brian , Parini Dario , Sartelli Massimo , Sakakushev Boris , Doklestich Krstina , Abu-Zidan Fikri , Horer Tal , Shelat Vishal , Hardcastle Timothy , Bignami Elena , Kirkpatrick Andrew , Weber Dieter , Kryvoruchko Igor , Leppaniemi Ari , Tan Edward , Kessel Boris , Isik Arda , Cremonini Camilla , Forfori Francesco , Ghiadoni Lorenzo , Chiarugi Massimo , Ball Chad , Ottolino Pablo , Hecker Andreas , Mariani Diego , Melai Ettore , Malbrain Manu , Agostini Vanessa , Podda Mauro , Picetti Edoardo , Kluger Yoram , Rizoli Sandro , Litvin Andrey , Maier Ron , Beka Solomon Gurmu , De Simone Belinda , Bala Miklosh , Perez Aleix Martinez , Ordonez Carlos , Bodnaruk Zenon , Cui Yunfeng , Calatayud Augusto Perez , de Angelis Nicola , Amico Francesco , Pikoulis Emmanouil , Damaskos Dimitris , Coimbra Raul , Chirica Mircea , Biffl Walter L. , Catena Fausto
Published: July 2024

Emergency general surgeons often provide care to severely ill patients requiring surgical interventions and intensive support. One of the primary drivers of morbidity and mortality is perioperative bleeding. In general, when addressing life threatening haemorrhage, blood transfusion can become an essential part of overall resuscitation. However, under all circumstances, indications for blood transfusion must be accurately evaluated. When patients decline blood transfusions, regardless of the reason, surgeons should aim to provide optimal care and respect and accommodate each patient’s values and target the best outcome possible given the patient’s desires and his/her clinical condition. The aim of this position paper was to perform a review of the existing literature and to provide comprehensive recommendations on organizational, surgical, anaesthetic, and haemostatic strategies that can be used to provide optimal peri-operative blood management, reduce, or avoid blood transfusions and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Analysis of cardiac arrest after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Yang Tengjiao , Tiemuerniyazi Xieraili , Hu Zhan , Feng Wei , Xu Fei
Published: July 2024

Background

Cardiac arrest after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a serious complication with low survival rate. The prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest in the general ward is worse than that in the intensive care unit (ICU) because of the delayed and poor rescue conditions.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who experienced cardiac arrest after CABG surgery between January 2010 and December 2019 at the Fuwai Hospital. Differences in cardiac arrest between the ICU and the general ward were compared. The patients were divided into shockable and non-shockable rhythm groups, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Finally, we proposed a management protocol for cardiac arrest in the general ward.

Results

We retrospectively analyzed 41,450 patients who underwent CABG only, of whom 231 (0.56%) experienced cardiac arrest post-surgery in the ICU (185/231) or in the general ward (46/231). The rescue success rate and 30-day survival rate of the patients with cardiac arrest in the general ward were 76.1% (35/46) and 58.7% (27/46), respectively. The incidence of the different arrhythmia types of cardiac arrest in the general ward compared with that in the ICU was different (P = 0.010). The 30-day survival rate of the non-shockable rhythm group was 31.8% (7/22), which was worse than that of the shockable rhythm group (83.3% [20/24]; P = 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the prognosis of the non-shockable group was poor (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The incidence of cardiac arrest after CABG was low. The prognosis of patients in the general ward was worse than that of those in the ICU. The proportion of non-shockable rhythm type cardiac arrest was higher in the general ward than in the ICU, and patients in this group had a worse early prognosis.
circPTP4A2 knockdown suppresses NSCLC progression via regulating proliferation and activating anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Wang Chun , Xu Bin , Tao Chengzhi , Lin Huan , Liu Dan , Zhang Haitao
Published: July 2024

Background

With a considerable variety of cancer subtypes, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) poses a substantial threat to public health, affecting a large number of individuals and resulting in a high mortality rate. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been applied in various diseases, including cancers. This study aims to investigate the clinial significance and functional role of circPTP4A2 in NSCLC.

Methods

The serum and tissue samples were collected for detecting circPTP4A2 expression in NSCLC using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Actinomycin D was used to treat NSCLC cells to detect circPTP4A2 stability. The CCK-8 and Transwell assays were utilized to assess the effects of circPTP4A2 in NSCLC cells. The ELISA assay and cytotoxicity analysis were used to detect the roles of circPTP4A2 in immune escape.

Results

The serum and tissue circPTP4A2 expression was upregulated in NSCLC. The high circPTP4A2 had a relatively high value in differentiating NSCLC patients from healthy individuals. The proliferation, invasion, and immune escape were repressed by circPTP4A2 knockdown.

Conclusions

High circPTP4A2 has the potential to be a diagnostic biomarker in NSCLC. Silencing of circPTP4A2 receded the progression of NSCLC and enhanced antitumor immunity, which might provide potential targets and new ideas for improving the diagnosis and effect of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.
Deciphering the genetic landscape of enhanced poly-3-hydroxybutyrate production in Synechocystis sp. B12
Authors: Santin Anna , Collura Flavio , Singh Garima , Morlino Maria Silvia , Bizzotto Edoardo , Bellan Alessandra , Gupte Ameya Pankaj , Favaro Lorenzo , Campanaro Stefano , Treu Laura , Morosinotto Tomas
Published: July 2024

Background

Microbial biopolymers such as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) are emerging as promising alternatives for sustainable production of biodegradable bioplastics. Their promise is heightened by the potential utilisation of photosynthetic organisms, thus exploiting sunlight and carbon dioxide as source of energy and carbon, respectively. The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. B12 is an attractive candidate for its superior ability to accumulate high amounts of PHB as well as for its high-light tolerance, which makes it extremely suitable for large-scale cultivation. Beyond its practical applications, B12 serves as an intriguing model for unravelling the molecular mechanisms behind PHB accumulation.

Results

Through a multifaceted approach, integrating physiological, genomic and transcriptomic analyses, this work identified genes involved in the upregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and phycobilisome degradation as the possible candidates providing Synechocystis sp. B12 an advantage in growth under high-light conditions. Gene expression differences in pentose phosphate pathway and acetyl-CoA metabolism were instead recognised as mainly responsible for the increased Synechocystis sp. B12 PHB production during nitrogen starvation. In both response to strong illumination and PHB accumulation, Synechocystis sp. B12 showed a metabolic modulation similar but more pronounced than the reference strain, yielding in better performances.

Conclusions

Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms of PHB biosynthesis, providing valuable insights for optimising the use of Synechocystis in economically viable and sustainable PHB production. In addition, this work supplies crucial knowledge about the metabolic processes involved in production and accumulation of these molecules, which can be seminal for the application to other microorganisms as well.
SARS-CoV-2 population dynamics in immunocompetent individuals in a closed transmission chain shows genomic diversity over the course of infection
Authors: Goldswain Hannah , Penrice-Randal Rebekah , Donovan-Banfield I’ah , Duffy Craig W. , Dong Xiaofeng , Randle Nadine , Ryan Yan , Rzeszutek Aleksandra M. , Pilgrim Jack , Keyser Emma , Weller Simon A. , Hutley Emma J. , Hartley Catherine , Prince Tessa , Darby Alistair C. , Aye Maung Niall , Nwume Henry , Hiscox Julian A. , Emmett Stevan R.
Published: July 2024

Background

SARS-CoV-2 remains rapidly evolving, and many biologically important genomic substitutions/indels have characterised novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages, which have emerged during successive global waves of the pandemic. Worldwide genomic sequencing has been able to monitor these waves, track transmission clusters, and examine viral evolution in real time to help inform healthcare policy. One school of thought is that an apparent greater than average divergence in an emerging lineage from contemporary variants may require persistent infection, for example in an immunocompromised host. Due to the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and sampling, there were few studies that examined the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 in healthy individuals.

Methods

We investigated viral evolutionary trends and participant symptomatology within a cluster of 16 SARS-CoV-2 infected, immunocompetent individuals with no co-morbidities in a closed transmission chain. Longitudinal nasopharyngeal swab sampling allowed characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 intra-host variation over time at both the dominant and minor genomic variant levels through Nimagen-Illumina sequencing.

Results

A change in viral lineage assignment was observed in individual infections; however, there was only one indel and no evidence of recombination over the period of an acute infection. Minor and dominant genomic modifications varied between participants, with some minor genomic modifications increasing in abundance to become the dominant viral sequence during infection.

Conclusions

Data from this cohort of SARS-CoV-2-infected participants demonstrated that long-term persistent infection in an immunocompromised host was not necessarily a prerequisite for generating a greater than average frequency of amino acid substitutions. Amino acid substitutions at both the dominant and minor genomic sequence level were observed in immunocompetent individuals during infection showing that viral lineage changes can occur generating viral diversity.
A novel method to monitor rheumatoid arthritis prevalence using hospital and medication databases
Authors: Koller-Smith Louise , Mehdi Ahmed , March Lyn , Tooth Leigh , Mishra Gita D. , Thomas Ranjeny
Published: July 2024

Background

Most estimates of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prevalence, including all official figures in Australia and many other countries, are based on self-report. Self-report has been shown to overestimate RA, but the ‘gold standard’ of reviewing individual medical records is costly, time-consuming and impractical for large-scale research and population monitoring. This study provides an algorithm to estimate RA cases using administrative data that can be adjusted for use in multiple contexts to provide the first approximate RA cohort in Australia that does not rely on self-report.

Methods

Survey data on self-reported RA and medications from 25 467 respondents of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) were linked with data from the national medication reimbursement database, hospital and emergency department (ED) episodes, and Medicare Benefits codes. RA prevalence was calculated for self-reported RA, self-reported RA medications, dispensed RA medications, and hospital/ED RA presentations. Linked data were used to exclude individuals with confounding autoimmune conditions.

Results

Of 25 467 survey respondents, 1367 (5·4%) women self-reported disease. Of the 26 840 women with hospital or ED presentations, 292 (1·1%) received ICD-10 codes for RA. There were 1038 (2·8%) cases by the medication database definition, and 294 cases (1·5%) by the self-reported medication definition. After excluding individuals with other rheumatic conditions, prevalence was 3·9% for self-reported RA, 1·9% based on the medication database definition and 0·5% by self-reported medication definition. This confirms the overestimation of RA based on self-reporting.

Conclusions

We provide an algorithm for identifying individuals with RA, which could be used for population studies and monitoring RA in Australia and, with adjustments, internationally. Its balance of accuracy and practicality will be useful for health service planning using relatively easily accessible input data.
Clinical relevance of positively determined myositis antibodies in rheumatology: a retrospective monocentric analysis
Authors: Schumacher Falk , Zimmermann Maximilian , Kanbach Malte , Schulze Wigbert , Wollsching-Strobel Maximilian , Kroppen Doreen , Stanzel Sarah Bettina , Majorski Daniel , Windisch Wolfram , Strunk Johannes , Berger Melanie
Published: July 2024

Background

The increased availability of myositis autoantibodies represents new possibilities and challenges in clinical practice (Lundberg IE, Tjärnlund A, Bottai M, Werth VP, Pilkington C, de Visser M, et al. 2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:1955–64. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211468.). The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective data analysis of patient cases with positive myositis autoantibodies to analyse their significance in routine rheumatology practice.

Methods

A monocentric analysis of all the orders used to determine myositis autoantibodies from July 2019 to May 2022 in the Department of Rheumatology, Krankenhaus Porz am Rhein, Cologne, Germany, was carried out.

Results

In the defined time interval, a total of 71,597 laboratory values for the antibodies mentioned above were obtained. A total of 238 different positive autoantibodies ​​were detected in 209 patients. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy was diagnosed in 37 patients (18%), and inflammatory rheumatic diseases other than idiopathic inflammatory myopathy were diagnosed in 90 patients (43%). No inflammatory rheumatic disease was diagnosed in 82 patients (39%). General clusters of clinical manifestations were observed.

Conclusions

In our cohort, we were able to show that a relevant proportion of patients with positive myositis antibodies did not have idiopathic inflammatory myopathies or inflammatory rheumatic diseases. This finding indicates the importance of myositis autoantibodies in this group of patients. However, further studies on the course of symptoms and examination results in patients without inflammatory rheumatic diseases and with positive myositis antibodies are necessary.
A unified stochastic SIR model driven by Lévy noise with time-dependency
Authors: Easlick Terry , Sun Wei
Published: July 2024

We propose a unified stochastic SIR model driven by Lévy noise. The model is structural enough to allow for time-dependency, nonlinearity, discontinuity, demography, and environmental disturbances. We present concise results on the existence and uniqueness of positive global solutions and investigate the extinction and persistence of the novel model. Examples and simulations are provided to illustrate the main results.
Egyptian youth and eating disorders: a cross-sectional study on prevalence and contributing factors
Authors: Ahmed Hebatalla Abdelmaksoud Abdelmonsef , Yousef Ahmed , Mohamed Shadi Tharwat , Yousef Shahd Tamer , Elbeih Alaa Mohey Eldein , Tolba Alaa Mostafa , Shiba Hoda Ali Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Background

Eating disorders (EDs) are complex mental health conditions with significant implications for the physical and psychological well-being of youth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of eating disorders among a sample of Egyptian youth and explore the association between anxiety, social support, and sociodemographic characteristics with eating disorder behaviors.

Results

The findings revealed a significant prevalence of eating disorders among the youth participants, with 13.3% meeting the diagnostic criteria. Bulimia Nervosa was the most commonly diagnosed eating disorder, affecting 8.4% of the participants, followed by 1.4% experiencing Binge Eating Disorder. No cases of Anorexia Nervosa were reported. There were no statistically significant sex differences in the prevalence of different types of eating disorders. Higher body mass index (BMI) values and greater anxiety levels were associated with an increased likelihood of having an eating disorder.

Conclusions

This study highlights a significant prevalence of eating disorders among Egyptian youth, with Bulimia Nervosa being the most common type. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and support systems to address the mental health challenges faced by Egyptian youth and promote healthy relationships with food and body image.
Microbial-assisted remediation approach for neonicotinoids from polluted environment
Authors: Randhawa Jatinder Singh
Published: July 2024

Background

Neonicotinoids are a group of synthetic insecticides that are highly effective and have a wide range of insecticidal activities. This group includes acetamiprid, dinotefuran, clothianidin, imidacloprid, sulfoxaflor, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, and thiacloprid. They are extensively used worldwide, both in rural and urban environments. However, the widespread use of neonicotinoids has led to their accumulation and biomagnification in the environment due to their long half-life. This has resulted in the emergence of toxicological and hazardous pollutants, posing significant risks to humans and non-target animals. Neonicotinoids are a type of insecticides that bind to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This mechanism allows them to effectively activate insect nAChRs while having minimal impact on vertebrate nAChRs. This reduces the risk of toxicity and makes them safer for non-target species. However, the presence of neonicotinoids in the environment can still increase the risk of toxicity and exposure. Although they have low affinity for mammalian nAChRs, concerns arise due to the abundance, diversity, and widespread presence of these receptors, as well as their various functions. These factors raise concerns about the potential impact of these pesticides on unintended species. Therefore, it is crucial to remove neonicotinoids from the environment in a sustainable and methodical manner.

Main body of the abstract

Various techniques can be employed to eliminate neonicotinoid residues in soil and aquatic habitats. These techniques include physiochemical remediation methods such as advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, oxidation, Fenton technology, photocatalysis, and activated persulfate-based oxidation. Additionally, microbial remediation techniques involving bacteria, fungi, and microalgae can also be utilized. This review aims to focus on the scientific foundation, advancements, and key topics related to microbial remediation technologies for neonicotinoids. Proper implementation of bioremediation techniques can significantly reduce the harmful effects of neonicotinoids on the environment and human health.

Short conclusion

The main focus of this review is the new studies on the bioremediation of neonicotinoids by bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, and the role of their enzymes. This topic is gaining importance as pesticide bioremediation techniques become increasingly significant.
Human metabolic effects of BPA and the application of a hybrid photocatalytic membrane for BPA contaminated water
Authors: Kamaludin Roziana , Rasdi Zatilfarihiah , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , Sheikh Abdul Kadir Siti Hamimah
Published: July 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in manufacturing various consumer products and detected in various water sources. Epidemiological studies reveal a correlation between BPA exposure and metabolic system disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular issues. Experimental studies further support these findings by demonstrating the adverse impact of BPA on physiological processes, contributing to the onset of metabolic disorders. Despite its detrimental health effects, removal of BPA poses a formidable challenge due to its intricate molecular structure, resistant to conventional water treatment methods. To address this, our review comprehensively summarizes human BPA exposure data and in vivo/in vitro mammalian studies, offering a comparative analysis of treatment technologies with a focus on documented health impacts. Biological treatment removes BPA efficiently, however, maintaining ideal bacterial populations and controlling biomass concentration provide difficulties that affect operational stability and scalability. In the meantime, despite the high removal rate of physiochemical treatment such as absorption and membrane technology, they consume significant amounts of energy and generate chemical residues that could retain toxicity. In this regard, a hybrid photocatalytic membrane emerges as a promising solution, forming the basis for our comparative evaluation in wastewater treatment and water purification. By effectively degrading BPA and mitigating the BPA toxicity, the photocatalytic membrane helps reduce human exposure to this harmful compound. This technology presents a viable approach to tackle BPA-related environmental challenges while shedding light on its intricate metabolic effects on human health.
Maroon Anti-necropolitics
Authors: Strange Stuart Earle
Published: July 2024

This article describes Maroon anti-necropolitics and its implications for multispecies justice to aid in creating a genuinely decolonial Caribbean ecological theory. Ndyuka Maroons, the descendants of one nation of self-liberated formerly enslaved Black Surinamese peoples, have created a cosmopolitical order based on the refusal of necropolitics (which is the assumption that politics must be predicated on the sovereign human appropriation of the right to kill or let die). In its place, Ndyukas practice an ethics of sociality premised on the shared collective vulnerability of present and future generations to the consequences of acts of killing. This Maroon anti-necropolitics has three primary principles: (1) death always relates specific deaths to future collective harm; (2) humans do not have a sovereign right to death over the lives of others; and (3) death does not rupture relations between the living and the dead, or the community and its enemies, but intensifies them by imposing ineradicable connections of tragic loss between perpetrators and victims. Ndyukas accordingly articulate a theory of relational justice that rejects human sovereignty while emphasizing human responsibility. This article illustrates how Maroons have imagined a world beyond necropolitics and why this helps confront the ways in which necropolitical assumptions inflect how multispecies justice is imagined.
Tar Remedies
Authors: Angus Siobhan , Cariou Warren
Published: July 2024

This two-part essay turns to the landscapes of bitumen mining in the Athabasca tar sands in western Canada. Despite the environmental costs of the tar sands mining process, the Canadian state remains invested in oil extraction in the tar sands. Starting from the premise that the extraction and burning of this bitumen was and is not inevitable, this dialogue locates hazardous hope in the landscapes of the Athabasca region. To do so, the first section is an analysis of Warren Cariou’s photographic practice, situating his work within themes of toxicity and hope. Written by an art historian, it argues that we can read the petrographs through a mode of critical spectatorship that generates questions about how extraction makes our world and how these processes are historically contingent choices based in what society has chosen to value. The second part is a short reflection by Warren Cariou on his practice and how he theorizes hope in the context of pollution.
Narrating Extinctions for Survivance
Authors: Mankun Liu
Published: July 2024

This article navigates the obligatory relationship between extinction narratives and future imaginaries through the lens of an artist’s films. Taking Chinese artist Mao Chenyu’s works as case studies, the first part examines the notion of extinction that his video essay Becoming Father (2021) complicates through the perspective of rice (Oryza sativa) and humans in Dongting Lake. It reveals adaptive evolution, hetero-reproduction, and geontopower as three political regimes where extinctive pressures accumulate through the erosion of biocultural inheritability. The second part engages with this tripartite politics by questing for alternative models of inheritance from Mao’s ethnographic films. It centers on how the artist invests in shamanist, geomantic, and animist practices to envision alternative modes of inheritance. Based on this, the article argues that the conception of extinction beyond mass death demands counterextinction measures to aim for more than survival. This volition can be summarized by the term survivance, an ethical way of living in end-times. It concludes by contextualizing Mao’s work in post–Green Revolution China, where a logic of survival has driven mass extinction. On this basis, it proposes that extinction studies could benefit from cultivating a historical consciousness, especially regarding how extinctions are connected to the ideological underpinning of specific Anthropocene processes.
SupraPetrous InfraTemporal Approach: A Supplemental Approach to Supracerebellar Infratentorial for Inferior Amygdala and Hippocampal Head Access—A Cadaveric Study With Case Illustrations
Authors: Shinya Yuki , Leonel Luciano César P. C. , Hong Sukwoo , Moussalem Charbel K. , Serioli Simona , De Bonis Alessandro , Nizzola Mariagrazia , Meyer Jenna H. , Bauman Megan M. J. , Saez-Alegre Miguel , Kin Taichi , Peris-Celda Maria , Van Gompel Jamie J.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Access to the amygdala and hippocampus (A/H) is complex. To address the limitations and invasiveness of traditional approaches, including the Transsylvian, Subtemporal, and Supracerebellar infratentorial approaches, we developed the suprapetrous infratemporal (SPIT) approach. This study describes the nuances of this approach in both cadaveric studies and clinical cases.

METHODS:

Three unilateral exposures were performed using microscopic and endoscopic methodologies in the SPIT approach. After cadaveric investigation, this approach was successfully implemented in representative clinical cases.

RESULTS:

The SPIT approach enabled direct access to the inferior A/H, circumventing the requirement for temporal lobe retraction and detachment of the temporal lobe from the dura through a subtemporal route by drilling the upper part of the mastoid, consequently mitigating tension on the vein of Labbé. This enabled a bottom-up view because one would gain with a zygomatic osteotomy and forward projection like a mini-posterior petrosal view by using a transmastoid view, without cutting down the zygomatic arch and opening the dura subtemporally, limiting patient pain and preventing case comorbidity. The SPIT approach was performed in 2 cases of mesial temporal cavernoma presenting with seizures. The lesion was visualized intraoperatively and was successfully removed in these cases. The postoperative course was excellent with no complications, and gross total resection was radiographically confirmed with Engel Class 1a seizure freedom.

CONCLUSION:

The SPIT approach is a complementary approach for inferior A/H disease, combining the combined middle fossa approach modified for intradural pathology. Limited drilling of the upper aspect of the mastoid with a medial dural opening at the level of the arcuate eminence provides a direct trajectory with minimal brain retraction. Additional research encompassing a larger patient cohort and extended follow-up periods is required to substantiate the advantages of SPIT in the management of inferior A/H lesions.
Εκτίμηση της επίπτωσης της συγγενούς τοξοπλάσμωσης στην Ελλάδα με αναδρομική έρευνα και ενεργητική επιδημιολογική επιτήρηση
Authors: Απτουραμάνη Μαρία
Published: July 2024

Η Τοξοπλάσμωση είναι μία κοινή παρασιτική λοίμωξη που οφείλεται στο Toxoplasma gondii.Όταν η λοίμωξη συμβεί για πρώτη φορά κατά τη διάρκεια της εγκυμοσύνης, η μετάδοση του παρασίτου από τη μητέρα στο παιδί μπορεί να προκαλέσει Συγγενή Λοίμωξη. Ένα δίκτυο 30 κλινικών ιατρών δημιουργήθηκε για την ενεργητική επιδημιολογική επιτήρηση και αναφορά περιστατικών Συγγενούς Τοξοπλάσμωσης από νοσοκομεία σε όλη την Ελλάδα. Οι ύποπτες περιπτώσεις Συγγενούς Τοξοπλάσμωσης δηλώνονταν σε μηνιαία βάση σε κάρτα αναφοράς (ακόμη και μηδενικού αποτελέσματος) και στη συνέχεια σε ερωτηματολόγιο αναφοράς περιστατικού κατά τη διάρκεια της μελέτης για το χρονικό διάστημα Απριλίου 2006-Δεκεμβρίου 2009. Η επίπτωση της νόσου υπολογίστηκε σε 0.45,0.51 και 0.51 περιστατικά ανά 10000 γεννήσεις για τα έτη 2007,2008 και 2009 αντίστοιχα. Η επίπτωση της συμπτωματικής Συγγενούς Τοξοπλάσμωσης υπολογίστηκε σε 0,10 περιστατικά ανά 10000 γεννήσεις στην Ελλάδα για το ίδιο διάστημα. Το dedicated surveillance system (DSN) για τη συγγενή τοξοπλάσμωση αποδείχθηκε περισσότερο ευαίσθητο από το κλασσικό σύστημα παθητικής αναφοράς ,εύκολο στην εφαρμογή και πολύ αποτελεσματικό στην αναφορά σπανίων νοσημάτων.
Introducing DigiCAT: A digital tool to promote the principled use of counterfactual analysis for identifying potential active ingredients in mental health
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , Wright Helen , Casey Hannah , Yang Yi , Zhu Xinxin , Obsuth Ingrid , Allitt Marie , Mirman Dan , Errington Patrick , King Josiah
Published: July 2024

Background Given the challenges and resources involved in mental health intervention development and evaluation, it is valuable to obtain early evidence on which intervention targets represent the most promising investments. Observational datasets provide a rich resource for exploring these types of questions; however, the lack of randomisation to treatments in these data means they are vulnerable to confounding issues. Counterfactual analysis refers to a family of techniques within the potential outcomes framework that can help address confounding. In doing so, they can help differentiate potential intervention targets that may reflect genuine active ingredients in mental health from those that are only associated with mental health outcomes due to their common dependence on ‘third variables’. However, counterfactual analysis is rarely used for this purpose and where it is used in health research it is often implemented in a suboptimal fashion. One key reason may be a lack of accessible tutorials and software that embeds best practices. Methods To help promote the principled use of counterfactual analysis we developed DigiCAT. DigiCAT is an open digital tool built in R and Shiny that implements a range of counterfactual analysis methods. It is accompanied by accessible tutorials. The tool has been designed to handle real data, with capabilities for missing data, non-binary treatment effects, and complex survey designs. Results The current article describes the development of DigiCAT, drawing on user and lived experience expert input and provides an overview of its features and examples of its uses. Conclusions Counterfactual analysis could help prioritise intervention targets by establishing which ones remain associated with mental health outcomes after accounting for potential confounding. Accessible digital tools supported by clear guidance may help promote the uptake and principled use of these techniques.
Improving infant Neurocognitive Development and Growth Outcomes with micronutrients (INDiGO): A protocol for an efficacy trial in rural Gambia
Authors: Moore Sophie E. , McCann Samantha , Jarjou Ousman , Danjo Muhammed A. , Sonko Bakary , Sise Ebrima , Beaton Samuel , Tod Daniel , Fegan Greg , Prentice Andrew M.
Published: July 2024

Background Undernutrition during the early years of life has a harmful and irreversible impact on child growth and cognitive development. Many of the interventions tested to improve outcomes across infancy have had disappointing or inconsistent impact, a common feature being the absence of any attempt to provide nutritional supplements to infants during the first six months. With increasing evidence of micronutrient deficiencies in this age group, alongside strong evidence that growth and developmental deficits begin before six months, a renewed focus on the micronutrient status of infants is required. Methods This study is a five-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised efficacy trial of micronutrient supplementation to mothers (during pregnancy or pregnancy and lactation) and infants (Day 8 to six months of age) in rural Gambia, where rates of micronutrient deficiencies are high. 600 pregnant women (<20 weeks gestation) will be enrolled into one of five trial arms and followed to 12 months post-partum. The primary outcome will be infant brain development at six months, with micronutrient status, growth and neurocognitive development to 12 months as secondary outcomes. Discussion This novel research will identify the most efficacious way of improving micronutrient status in infancy, and assess impact on infant developmental outcomes, providing an evidence base for future effectiveness trials and policy recommendations. Trial registration ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN15063705, 09/07/2021); Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202201552774601, 21/01/2022).
Key kinematic measures of sensorimotor control identified via data reduction techniques in a population study (Born in Bradford)
Authors: Wood Megan , Waterman Amanda , Mon-Williams Mark , Hill Liam
Published: July 2024

Background Sensorimotor processes underpin skilled human behaviour and can thus act as an important marker of neurological status. Kinematic assessments offer objective measures of sensorimotor control but can generate countless output variables. This study sought to guide future analyses of such data by determining the key variables that capture children’s sensorimotor control on a standardised assessment battery deployed in cohort studies. Methods The Born in Bradford (BiB) longitudinal cohort study has collected sensorimotor data from 22,266 children aged 4–11 years via a computerised kinematic assessment battery (“CKAT”). CKAT measures three sensorimotor processing tasks (Tracking, Aiming, Steering). The BiB CKAT data were analysed using a “train then test” approach with two independent samples. Independent models were constructed for Tracking, Aiming, and Steering. The data were analysed using Principal Components Analysis followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results The kinematic data could be reduced to 4-7 principal components per task (decreased from >600 individual data points). These components reflect a wide range of core sensorimotor competencies including measures of both spatial and temporal accuracy. Further analyses using the derived variables showed these components capture the age-related differences reported in the literature (via a range of measures selected previously in a necessarily arbitrary way by study authors). Conclusions We identified the key variables of interest within the rich kinematic measures generated by a standardised tool for assessing sensorimotor control processes (CKAT). This work can guide future use of such data by providing a principled framework for the selection of the appropriate variables for analysis (where otherwise high levels of redundancy cause researchers to make arbitrary decisions). These methods could and should be applied in any form of kinematic assessment.
Enhancing Service Innovation Performance of Hotels: The Role of Organizational Learning Culture and Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: Pande Bhawana , Pande Sushil
Published: July 2024

Organizations are beleaguered by stiff competition, a dynamic market environment, and rapid technological changes that threaten the survival of businesses rambling to gain a competitive advantage. Past studies bring forth the role of innovation in services, crucial in driving tremendous growth in terms of economic activity. But, what contributes to innovation in services remains a sparsely researched area. The present study proposes a research model to examine the impact of organizational learning culture on service innovation performance in hotels with dynamic capabilities as a mediating variable. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used for assessing the relationship between variables and validates the research model. The unit of analysis comprised individual employees working in four-star and five-star rated hotels located in the tourist-bound cities of Lucknow, Agra, and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh (India). Empirical evidences support the positive role of dynamic capabilities in the relationship between organizational learning culture and service innovation performance thereby asserting the importance of developing distinctive capabilities for enhancing service innovation performance in hotels.
Economics and entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality
Authors: Anisimov Timur , Enova Alena , Ignat'eva Irina , Musakin Aleksey , Chernenok Mariya , Churilina Irina , Troickaya Anna
Published: July 2024

The textbook contains the basic concepts and topics that make it possible to create an integral system of knowledge about the economy and entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality, to form competencies in accordance with the requirements of Federal State Educational Standards of these areas.
The course was prepared by the teaching staff of the Department of Tourism, Service and Hospitality of the A.I. Herzen RSPU together with entrepreneurs from the hotel business.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the areas of training 43.03.03 "Hotel business", 43.03.02 "Tourism", 43.03.01 "Service".
The Impact of Physical Activity on Depression Treatment: A Literature Review
Authors: Sieniawska Daria , Sieniawska Julia , Proszowska Patrycja
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Engaging in physical exercise can have a significant impact on the treatment of mild-to-moderate mental health conditions, including depression. Existing antidepressant medications have limited clinical effectiveness as they fail to achieve a complete response in around 30% of depressed patients and do not induce remission in these individuals. Physical exercise can enhance the effects of antidepressant therapy in individuals with depression by boosting the health of neurons and improving the responsiveness to medication.
Aim of the study
The aim of the study is to investigate the role of physical activity in in the management of mental health diseases, especially depression.
Materials and methods
This study represents the current state of knowledge about the antidepressant effects of physical activity, particularly in the context of depressive disorders. It presents a comprehensive overview of how regular exercise can serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for managing depressive symptoms. PubMed and Google Scholar database was searched for articles written in English. The search included the keywords.
Results
Regular exercise significantly alleviates depressive symptoms through various mechanisms. Exercise enhances the production of endorphins, which improve mood and reduce anxiety. It also influences neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which are crucial in regulating mood and emotion. Additionally, physical activity stimulates the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), both of which support neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, contributing to improved cognitive function and mood stabilization.
Innovative Approaches and Comprehensive Strategies in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris. A Multi Faceted Review
Authors: Maj Adrian , Warno Martyna
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Acne vulgaris, widely recognized as one of the most prevalent skin disorders, presents numerous diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. It affects not only adolescents during puberty but also adults, constituting a multifaceted phenomenon that influences both the physical condition of the skin and the psychological well-being of individuals. Acne's impact extends to overall well-being and social life. Given the complexity of this condition, a thorough understanding of its etiologies and the pursuit of effective therapeutic methods are essential. This review aims to evaluate fractional laser therapy as a potentially effective and safe treatment for acne vulgaris, emphasizing its potential to improve the quality of life and comfort for individuals suffering from this condition.  
 
Aim of the Study
The objective of this review is to delineate the causes of common acne occurrence and explore solutions in its treatment process. The primary aim is to present fractional laser therapy as an effective treatment modality for acne vulgaris.
 
Material and Method
This article synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding acne vulgaris, drawing on various scientific articles.
 
Conclusions
The path to eliminating skin lesions necessitates a multifaceted and holistic approach, with essential guidance from a dermatologist. Effective acne treatment requires an individualized strategy that considers multiple factors. In practice, a combination of different treatment modalities often yields the best results.
Effect of physical activity on the severity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms
Authors: Machała-Ćwikła Ewelina , Łapińska Urszula , Zdziebło Piotr , Ćwikła Piotr , Machała Kamila , Szeląg Kacper , Machala Dominika , Kujawski Antoni , Zuzak Andrzej Paweł , Zdziebło Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic gastrointestinal disease whose symptoms affect patients' daily lives. Exacerbation of symptoms can worsen patients' quality of life and lead to depressive-anxiety and somatoform disorders. The associated costs burden not only the patients, but also those around them. The etiology of IBS is multifactorial and not fully understood. The brain-gut axis remains a subject of research, which may involve the development of new, effective therapies for the treatment of IBS in the future. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to treat IBS. In order to provide the patient with the best possible treatment results in the absence of significant side effects, research is being conducted on the possibilities of non-pharmacological patient management. Currently, there are numerous studies on the effect of physical activity on the severity of symptoms in IBS patients. The results show that the introduction of moderate-intensity physical activity has positive effects in terms of alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms, reducing the severity of psychological and somatoform symptoms, and improving patients' well-being as well as quality of life. Appropriate physical activity is acceptable to patients and rated by them as positive and having a beneficial effect on IBS symptoms. The lack of patient-reported significant side effects is important. Given the results of the study, it seems beneficial to recommend that IBS patients perform moderate physical activity to alleviate and control symptoms. It is necessary to educate patients and individualize physical activity recommendations to match the type of activity to patients' abilities and needs.