bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles Synthesis Through Reactions of Nucleophiles with Acrylonitriles. Part 5. Synthesis of Several New Thiazole and Thiazolo(2,3‐a)pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: ABDEL‐LATIF F. F. , SHAKER R. M.
Published: May 2016

The 4‐thiazolone (III), obtained by coupling of α‐cyano‐2‐ethylacetanilide (I) with thioglycolic acid (II), undergoes cycloaddition reaction with the acrylonitriles (IV), (VI), (VIII), and (X) to form either the thiazolo(2,3‐a)pyridines (V), the α‐ylidene thiazolylacetamides (VII) and (XI), or the thiazolinylpyridines (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrazolyl Peptides and the Tetrazole Analogue of 3‐Aminonocardicinic Acid.
Authors: ANDERSON D. W. , CAMPBELL M. M. , MALIK M.
Published: May 2016

The general method of converting the arylglycine derivative (I) into chiral tetrazolylbenzyllactams, e.g. (XII), is outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,5‐Dihydro‐1,2,3,5‐thiatriazole 1‐Oxides, 2H‐1,2,3,5‐Thiatriazol‐1‐ium Salts, and 2,5‐Dihydro‐1,2,3,5‐thiatriazol‐5‐yl Radicals. X‐Ray Molecular Structure of 2,5‐Dihydro‐2,4‐diphenyl‐1,2,3,5‐thiatriazole 1‐Oxide and 2,4‐Diphenyl‐2H‐1,2,3,5‐thiatriazol‐1‐ium Bromide.
Authors: NEUGEBAUER F. A. , FISCHER H. , CROCKETT R. , KRIEGER C.
Published: May 2016

Title compounds (III) are prepared from amidrazones (I) (and some labeled isotopomers) and transformed to radicals (V) via salts (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Mercapto‐3‐nitrocoumarins.
Authors: MOZHAEVA T. YA. , DROZD V. N. , KNYAZEV V. N. , SAVEL'EV V. L. , LEZINA V. P.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (IV) are prepared by a novel procedure starting from the known spirodithiolanes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Pyridines by Metallation of 2‐Chloropyridine: A Convenient Route to Fused Polyheterocycles.
Authors: TRECOURT F. , MARSAIS F. , GUENGOER T. + , QUEGUINER G.
Published: May 2016

Disubstituted pyridines such as (III) and (VII) are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Cardiotonic ′C′ Ring Modified Isomazole Analogues.
Authors: BARRACLOUGH P. , BLACK J. W. , CAMBRIDGE D. , DEMAINE D. , GERSKOWITCH V. P. , GILES H. , HILL A. P. , HULL R. A. D. , LYER R. , KING W. R. , LIVINGSTONE D. J. , NOBBS M. S. , RANDALL P. , SHAH G. , WHITING M. V.
Published: May 2016

The 2‐methoxybenzoic acids (VI) and (XI), prepared as outlined in the reaction scheme, are coupled with the diaminopyridine (VII) to form the corresponding imidazopyridines (VIII) and (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Substituting Stannylation of Some Element‐Containing Acetylenes.
Authors: BOGORADOVSKII E. T. , ZAVGORODNII V. S. , PETROV A. A.
Published: May 2016

The 1,3‐disubstituted propynes (I) are coupled with the aminostannane (II) to give mixtures of the propynes (III) and the allenes (IV) or the tetrasubstituted allenes (V) depending on the molar ratio of the educts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions at Co‐CH2 and CC Bonds of Cobalt‐Propargyl Complexes.
Authors: UNGVARY F. , WOJCICKI A.
Published: May 2016

The first Co‐propargyl complexes (III) and the first Co‐acylpropargyl complexes (VI) are synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: The Coordination Chemistry of Iminooxosulfuranes. Part 7. Coordinative Activation of Tolyliminooxosulfurane Towards Electrophiles.
Authors: HERBERHOLD M. , HILL A. F.
Published: May 2016

Reactions of p‐tolyliminooxosulfurane complexes of the type (I) and (VIII) with a range of electrophiles are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of an Aqua trans‐Diphosphine Complex of Ruthenium: Crystal Structure of trans‐(Ru(H2O)(PEt3)2(trpy))(ClO4)2·3 H2O.
Authors: LAWSON H. J. , JANIK T. S. , CHURCHILL M. R. , TAKEUCHI K. J.
Published: May 2016

The stepwise synthesis of the title complex (IX) (space group P21/c, Z=4) occurs starting with trichloro(2,2',2''‐terpyridine)‐Ru(III).
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry of Iminooxosulfuranes. Part 9. Insertion Reactions of Tosyliminooxosulfurane with Coordinatively Unsaturated Ruthenium and Osmium Aryl Complexes.
Authors: HERBERHOLD M. , HILL A. F.
Published: May 2016

The 16‐electron compounds (I) react with the iminooxo‐λ4‐sulfurane (II) to give the sulfinimidato‐S complexes (III) which are presumably stabilized by weak coordination of the sulfimide N atom.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligomeric Flavanoids. Part 15. Base‐Catalyzed Pyran Rearrangements of Procyanidin B‐2 and Evidence for the Oxidative Transformation of B‐ to A‐Type Procyanidins.
Authors: BURGER J. F. W. , KOLODZIEJ H. , HEMINGWAY R. W. , STEYNBERG J. P. , YOUNG D. A. , FERREIRA D.
Published: May 2016

Facile C‐ring isomerization of (I) leads to a novel series of pyranochromenes (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Secondary Metabolites by Chemical Screening. Part 6. Cleavage of Elaiophylin and Transformation into a Spiroketal Building Block.
Authors: HAMMANN P. , KRETZSCHMAR G.
Published: May 2016

A novel methodology is developed for the controlled basic cleavage of (I) into the seco‐acid ester (II) (one‐pot synthesis possible) and further transformation into the spiroketal building blocks (III) (using a hydrogenation catalyst of Merck) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Ageliferins, Potent Actomyosin ATPase Activators from the Okinawan Marine Sponge Agelas sp.
Authors: KOBAYASHI J. , TSUDA M. , MURAYAMA T. , NAKAMURA H. , OHIZUMI Y. , ISHIBASHI M. , IWAMURA M. , OHTA T. , NOZOE S.
Published: May 2016

Ageliferin (Ia), bromo‐ (Ib), and dibromoageliferin (Ic) are isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Flux‐Mediated Syntheses, Structural Characterization and Low‐Temperature Polymorphism of the P‐Type Semiconductor Cu2Ta4O11.
Authors: King Nacole , Sullivan Ian , Watkins‐Curry Pilanda , Chan Julia Y. , Maggard Paul A.
Published: May 2016

α‐Cu2Ta4O11 is prepared in a molten CuCl‐flux by the reaction of nanocrystalline Cu2O and Ta2O5 in the molar ratio of 2:1 (evacuated silica tubes, 665 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ba4Ga2Se8: A Ternary Selenide Containing Chains and Discrete Se2‐2 Units.
Authors: Yin Wenlong , Iyer Abishek K. , Lin Xinsong , Mar Arthur
Published: May 2016

Ba4Ga2Se8 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of BaSe, Ga2Se3, and Se (evacuated silica tube, 1023 K, 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New High Pressure Form of Ba3NiSb2O9.
Authors: Darie Celine , Lepoittevin Christophe , Klein Holger , Kodjikian Stephanie , Bordet Pierre , Colin Claire V. , Lebedev Oleg I. , Deudon Catherine , Payen Christophe
Published: May 2016

Polycrystalline samples of 6H‐B Ba3NiSb2O9 are obtained from the ambient pressure 6H‐A modification by hot‐press sintering (anvil cell, 2—4 GPa, 400—680 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Li2OHCl Crystalline Electrolyte for Stable Metallic Lithium Anodes.
Authors: Hood Zachary D. , Wang Hui , Samuthira Pandian Amaresh , Keum Jong Kahk , Liang Chengdu
Published: May 2016

Li2OHCl is prepared through mild heating of LiOH and LiCl mixtures in various ratios from 1:2 to 2:1 under Ar (Ni crucible in autoclave, 350 °C; cooling to 250 °C at a rate of 8 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Sultam‐Cored N,N‐Ligands in the Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Rast Slavko , Modec Barbara , Stephan Michel , Mohar Barbara
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of new enantiopure syn and anti sultam‐cored ligands and their application in the title reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Propargyl Acetals and Alkynes.
Authors: Siah Huey‐San Melanie , Hogsnes Morten Christian , Iqbal Naseem , Fiksdahl Anne
Published: May 2016

Functionalized bicyclic pentalene tandem products with four new stereocenters are obtained via subsequent [2 + 2] and [2 + 3] cycloadditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,2‐Azido and 1,2‐Amino Alcohols via Regio‐ and Stereoselective Ring‐Opening of Enantiopure Epoxides by Sodium Azide in Hot Water.
Authors: Wang Hai‐Yang , Huang Kun , De Jesus Melvin , Espinosa Sandraliz , Pinero‐Santiago Luis E. , Barnes Charles L. , Ortiz‐Marciales Margarita
Published: May 2016

The ring‐opening of enantiopure aryl epoxides by azide anion takes place preferentially at the internal position to produce 2‐azido ethanols with high regio‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Attractive Aerobic Access to the α,β‐Unsaturated Acyl Azolium Intermediate: Oxidative NHC Catalysis via Multistep Electron Transfer.
Authors: Ta L. , Axelsson A. , Sunden H.
Published: May 2016

Oxidative esterification and oxidative Michael addition are accomplished using air as oxidative agent and oxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis together with several additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable and Reusable Binaphthyl‐Supported Palladium Catalyst for Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: May 2016

A recently reported heterogeneous binaphthyl‐supported palladium catalyst is applied for the aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides using primary and secondary amines to give the corresponding amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Sequential Reaction Towards α‐Aminonitriles from Secondary Amines, Primary Alcohols and Trimethylsilyl Cyanide.
Authors: Shen Hang , Hu Liangzhen , Liu Qing , Hussain Muhammad Ijaz , Pan Jing , Huang Mingming , Xiong Yan
Published: May 2016

A novel and one‐pot iron‐catalyzed sequential reaction of secondary amines with primary alcohols, trimethylsilyl cyanide, and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Alcoholysis of Malonyl Peroxides to Give Peracids.
Authors: Lapitskaya Margarita A. , Vil' Vera A. , Daeva Elena D. , Terent'ev Alexander O. , Pivnitsky Kasimir K.
Published: May 2016

The alcoholysis of malonyl peroxides of type (I) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Synthesis of Unprotected 2‐Amino‐1‐Phenylethanols from Alkenes by Using Iron(II) Phthalocyanine.
Authors: Legnani Luca , Morandi Bill
Published: May 2016

The method is applied to the synthesis of bioactive compounds, such as (.+‐.)‐aegoline‐methylether and (.+‐.)‐phenylephrine, and can be extended to aminoetherifications.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Direct α‐Arylation of Cyclopentanones by Palladium/Enamine Cooperative Catalysis.
Authors: Xu Yan , Su Tianshun , Huang Zhongxing , Dong Guangbin
Published: May 2016

Direct mono‐α‐C—H arylation of cyclopentanones with a variety of aryl bromides is achieved using a palladium/amine catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Mediated Isocyanide‐Based Three‐Component Reactions: Divergent Synthesis of Spiro‐Substituted Furans and Pyrroles.
Authors: Wang Hai‐Ying , Bao Ming , Jiang Bo , Li Liang
Published: May 2016

Cycloadditions of malononitriles (I), (V), and (VIII), acetylenedicarboxylates, and isocyanides give either furans or pyrroles under different reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Spirocyclization: A One‐Pot Approach to Functionalized Pyrazolidines.
Authors: Wagner Bernd , Hiller Wolf , Ohno Hiroaki , Krause Norbert
Published: May 2016

The efficient approach involves the coupling of alkynols, hydrazines and various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes/ketones via cycloisomerization of the alkynol to an exocyclic enol ether and subsequent [3+2]cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Triazole‐Containing Spiro Dilactones.
Authors: Ghochikyan Tariel V. , Muzalevskiy Vasily M. , Samvelyan Melanya A. , Galstyan Armen S. , Nenajdenko Valentine G.
Published: May 2016

9 Title compounds are prepared using (I) as starting compound.
ChemInform Abstract: RhIII‐Catalyzed C—H Olefination of Benzoic Acids under Mild Conditions Using Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant.
Authors: Jiang Quandi , Zhu Changlei , Zhao Huaiqing , Su Weiping
Published: May 2016

Aromatic acids with various functional groups react with a range of alkenes affording cyclized lactones or uncyclized alkenylarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Nitrene Triggered Annulation of α‐Acyl Cinnamides: Access to Isoxazol‐3(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Yu Mangfei , Zhang Qian , Li Gong , Yuan Jingwen , Zhang Ning , Zhang Rui , Liang Yongjiu , Dong Dewen
Published: May 2016

Isoxazol‐3(2H)‐ones are prepared starting from α‐acyl cinnamides and tosyliminophenyliodinane catalyzed by Cu(OAc)2 under very mild conditions via a tandem aza‐Michael addition and intramolecular cyclization sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 2,3‐Dihydro‐4‐pyranones Using Phosphine Oxide as Catalyst.
Authors: Kotani Shunsuke , Miyazaki Shiki , Kawahara Kazuya , Shimoda Yasushi , Sugiura Masaharu , Nakajima Makoto
Published: May 2016

The asymmetric synthesis of the title pyranones involves the double aldol reaction of butenone (I) with various aldehydes and subsequent cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonic Acid‐Functionalized MIL‐101(Cr) as a Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromenes in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Saikia Mrinal , Saikia Lakshi
Published: May 2016

The title chromenes are prepared by three‐component cyclocondensation of resorcinol, malononitrile, and various aromatic aldehydes with good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Some 2‐Amino‐4H‐benzo[g]chromenes.
Authors: Maleki Behrooz
Published: May 2016

The title compounds are synthesized via a three‐component condensation reaction in the presence of o‐benzenedisulfonimide (OBS) as a catalyst under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Alkenylation of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyridones.
Authors: Katsina Tania , Anagnostaki Elissavet E. , Mitsa Foteini , Sarli Vasiliki , Zografos Alexandros L.
Published: May 2016

The protocol enables the preparation of functionalized furopyridones when terminal alkynes are utilized.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free Minisci Reaction Promoted by NCS, and TBHP: Acylation of Heteroarenes.
Authors: Siddaraju Yogesh , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: May 2016

Isoquinoline derivatives [(I), (VI), and (IX)], quinoline (XI) and other nitrogen‐containing heteroarenes are efficiently acylated by reaction with a variety of aryl and alkyl aldehydes under mild metal‐free conditions using NCS as catalyst and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Protoberberine Alkaloids by Rh‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation as the Key Step.
Authors: Jayakumar Jayachandran , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: May 2016

A one‐pot reaction of substituted benzaldehydes with alkyne—amines by Rh‐catalyzed C—H activation and annulation to afford various natural and unnatural protoberberine alkaloids is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of New Cinnoline Diones by Ru‐Catalyzed Regioselective Unexpected Deoxygenation‐Oxidative Annulation of Propargyl Alcohols with Phthalazinones and Pyridazinones.
Authors: Rajkumar Subramani , Antony Savarimuthu S. , Senthil Kumaran Rajendran , Nagaraja C. M. , Gandhi Thirumanavelan
Published: May 2016

The bond selectivity is caused by the traceless directing nature of the hydroxyl group of propargyl alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Insertion of 1,3‐Diphenylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐one into Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines in the Presence of Water: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐b][1,4]diazocin‐9‐ones.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Nikitina Lina P. , Belyaeva Kseniya V. , Andriyankova Ludmila V. , Mal'kina Anastasiya G. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Afonin Andrei V. , Ushakov Igor A.
Published: May 2016

1,3‐Diphenylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐one (II) is inserted into imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines(I) in the presence of equimolar amounts of water.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Phosphonation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Gao Ming , Li Yi , Xie Lijuan , Chauvin Remi , Cui Xiuling
Published: May 2016

The selective phosphonation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with H‐phosphonates, H‐phosphinates or H‐phosphine oxides under transition‐metal‐free conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylselanyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carbonitriles: Synthesis, Antioxidant Properties and Use as Precursors to Highly Functionalized Tetrazoles.
Authors: Savegnago Lucielli , do Sacramento Manoela , Brod Lucimar M. P. , Fronza Mariana G. , Seus Natalia , Lenardao Eder J. , Paixao Marcio W. , Alves Diego
Published: May 2016

The reaction of azidophenyl phenylselenides with α‐ketonitriles furnishes the title compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Pyrrolidines from Sugar‐Derived Bromonitriles Through a Cascade Addition of Allylmagnesium Bromide/Cyclization/Reduction.
Authors: Malik Michal , Jarosz Stawomir
Published: May 2016

The reaction of bromonitriles with allylmagnesium bromide in the presence of Zn(BH4)2 gives rise to 2‐allylpyrrolidines such as (III), (V), and (VIII), whilst the reaction with excess amounts of allylmagnesium bromide in THF and DMPU leads to 2,2‐diallylpyrrolidines (VI) and (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: Marine AChE Inhibitors Isolated from Geodia barretti: Natural Compounds and Their Synthetic Analogues.
Authors: Olsen Elisabeth K. , Hansen Espen , W. K. Moodie Lindon , Isaksson Johan , Sepcic Kristina , Cergolj Marija , Svenson Johan , Andersen Jeanette H.
Published: May 2016

A novel brominated marine indole (I) is isolated along with the known marine AChE inhibitors barettin, 8,9‐dihydrobarettin, and 6‐bromoconicamin from the title sponge.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of (+)‐ and (‐)‐Perhexiline.
Authors: Tseng Chih‐Chung , Greig Iain R. , Harrison William T. A. , Zanda Matteo
Published: May 2016

A scalable, chiral auxiliary‐based asymmetric synthesis of (‐)‐(S)‐perhexiline (I) is developed which is applied to the preparation of the opposite enantiomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Activity of the Metallo‐β‐lactamase Inhibitor Aspergillomarasmine A.
Authors: Koteva Kalinka , King Andrew M. , Capretta Alfredo , Wright Gerard D.
Published: May 2016

Diastereomers (I)—(IV) of aspergillomarasmine A are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Layered Metal Chalcogenides as Superconductors and Thermoelectric Materials: Fe‐Based and Bi‐Based Chalcogenides
Authors: Mizuguchi Yoshikazu
Published: May 2016

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of the Asymmetric Hydrogenation Step for Multikilogram Production of Etamicastat
Authors: Beliaev Alexandre
Published: May 2016

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning Crystal Ordering, Electronic Structure, and Morphology in Organic Semiconductors: Tetrathiafulvalenes as a Model Case
Authors: Pfattner Raphael , Bromley Stefan T. , Rovira Concepcio , Mas‐Torrent Marta
Published: May 2016

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Aromatic Imides as a Potential Class of Molecules for Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Nath Jayanta K. , Baruah Jubaraj B.
Published: May 2016

Review: 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiophenes
Authors: Joule John Arthur
Published: May 2016

Review: structure and principal chemical reactivities; 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Applications of Hydrophilic C60 Derivatives (hC60s) — A Structural Perspective
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Sollogoub Matthieu , Zhang Yongmin
Published: May 2016

Review: 146 refs.
NeuronCyto II: An automatic and quantitative solution for crossover neural cells in high throughput screening
Authors: Ong Kok Haur , De Jaydeep , Cheng Li , Ahmed Sohail , Yu Weimiao
Published: May 2016

Microscopy is a fundamental technology driving new biological discoveries. Today microscopy allows a large number of images to be acquired using, for example, High Throughput Screening (HTS) and 4D imaging. It is essential to be able to interrogate these images and extract quantitative information in an automated fashion. In the context of neurobiology, it is important to automatically quantify the morphology of neurons in terms of neurite number, length, branching and complexity, etc. One major issue in quantification of neuronal morphology is the “crossover” problem where neurites cross and it is difficult to assign which neurite belongs to which cell body. In the present study, we provide a solution to the “crossover” problem, the software package NeuronCyto II. NeuronCyto II is an interactive and user‐friendly software package for automatic neurite quantification. It has a well‐designed graphical user interface (GUI) with only a few free parameters allowing users to optimize the software by themselves and extract relevant quantitative information routinely. Users are able to interact with the images and the numerical features through the Result Inspector. The processing of neurites without crossover was presented in our previous work. Our solution for the “crossover” problem is developed based on our recently published work with directed graph theory. Both methods are implemented in NeuronCyto II. The results show that our solution is able to significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of the neurons displaying “crossover.” NeuronCyto II is freely available at the website: https://sites.google.com/site/neuroncyto/, which includes user support and where software upgrades will also be placed in the future. © 2016 The Authors. Cytometry Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual plant in the Canary Islands: a single recent colonization event or a more complex phylogeographic pattern?
Authors: Valtueña Francisco Javier , López Josefa , Álvarez Juan , Rodríguez‐Riaño Tomás , Ortega‐Olivencia Ana
Published: May 2016

Many studies have addressed evolution and phylogeography of plant taxa in oceanic islands, but have primarily focused on endemics because of the assumption that in widespread taxa the absence of morphological differentiation between island and mainland populations is due to recent colonization. In this paper, we studied the phylogeography of Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual species, in an attempt to determine the number and spatiotemporal origins of dispersal events to Canary Islands. Four different regions, ITS and ETS from nDNA and psbA‐trnH and psbJ‐petA from cpDNA, were used to date divergence events within S. arguta lineages and determine the phylogenetic relationships among populations. A haplotype network was obtained to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes. Our results support an ancient origin of S. arguta (Miocene) with expansion and genetic differentiation in the Pliocene coinciding with the aridification of northern Africa and the formation of the Mediterranean climate. Indeed, results indicate for Canary Islands three different events of colonization, including two ancient events that probably happened in the Pliocene and have originated the genetically most divergent populations into this species and, interestingly, a recent third event of colonization of Gran Canaria from mainland instead from the closest islands (Tenerife or Fuerteventura). In spite of the great genetic divergence among populations, it has not implied any morphological variation. Our work highlights the importance of nonendemic species to the genetic richness and conservation of island flora and the significance of the island populations of widespread taxa in the global biodiversity.
Oxalyl Chloride and Hydrazide Based Energetic Polynitro Derivatives
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Scharf Regina
Published: May 2016

Several new compounds as potential high‐energy dense oxidizers (HEDOs) were synthesized from the nitro alcohols 2,2,2‐trinitroethanol and 3,3,3‐trinitropropanol with oxalyl chloride and hydrazide. The materials were characterized thoroughly by spectroscopic methods, and some of their crystal structures were determined through X‐ray diffraction. The energetic properties, thermal stabilities, and sensitivities of the oxalates, carbonyl azides, and imidodicarboxylate were determined. Furthermore, the enthalpies of all compounds were calculated, and their energetic performances were explored with the EXPLO5 code.
Hydrologic Evaluation of River Basin Scale Tillage Effects on Non‐Point Source Loads from Upland Crop Areas†
Authors: Ahn So Ra , Choi Joong Dae , Kim Seong Joon
Published: May 2016

This study used the Hydrological Simulation Program—Fortran (HSPF) model to evaluate the river basin scale effects of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution loads caused by tillage and no‐tillage applications to upland crop areas. The study site was the Byulmi‐cheon river basin (1.21 km2) of South Korea. Hourly rainfall, discharge and stream water quality data for 2 years (2012–2013) were collected at the river basin outlet. The HSPF model under tillage conditions was calibrated using 23 rainfall events with an average Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency value for runoff of 0.61 and determination coefficients for sediment, total nitrogen (T‐N) and total phosphorus (T–P) of 0.58, 0.61 and 0.62 respectively. The field experiment results from the no‐tillage plots with slopes of 3 and 8% under radish and sesame cultivation showed decreases in the runoff ratio, sediment, T‐N and T–P of 10.8, 81.7, 11.9 and 17.1% respectively. The HSPF model parameters soil bulk density (BD) and soil infiltration capacity (INFILT) were controlled for the upland crop areas during the evaluation of the no‐tillage effects. By increasing the parameter values from 1.33 Mg m−3 BD and 4.1 mm h−1 INFILT for the tillage condition to 1.90 Mg m−3 BD and 8.9 mm h−1 INFILT for the no‐tillage condition, the river basin runoff ratio and sediment, T‐N and T–P values were reduced by 10.3, 56.7, 18.3 and 35.9% respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhinovirus species and clinical characteristics in the first wheezing episode in children
Authors: Turunen Riitta , Jartti Tuomas , Bochkov Yury A. , Gern James E. , Vuorinen Tytti
Published: May 2016

The clinical data on the first wheezing episodes induced by different rhinovirus (RV) species are still limited. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of RV genotypes, sensitization status, and clinical characteristics of patients having a respiratory infection caused by either different RV species or other respiratory viruses. The study enrolled 111 patients (aged 3–23 months, 79% hospitalized, 76% with RV infection) with the first wheezing episode. RV‐specific sequences were identified by partial sequencing of VP4/VP2 and 5′ non‐coding regions with 80% success rate. The investigated clinical and laboratory variables included atopic characteristics and illness severity, parental atopic illnesses, and parental smoking. Of the study children, 56% percent had >1 atopic characteristic (atopy, eczema and/or blood eosinophil count >0.4 × 109/L) and 23% were sensitised to allergens. RV‐C was detected in 58% of RV positive samples, followed by RV‐A (20%) and RV‐B (1.2%). Children with RV‐A and RV‐C induced wheezing were older (P = 0.014) and had more atopic characteristics (P = 0.001) than those with non‐RV. RV‐A and RV‐C illnesses had shorter duration of preadmission symptoms and required more bronchodilator use at the ward than non‐RV illnesses (both P < 0.05, respectively). RV‐C is the most common cause of severe early wheezing. Atopic and illness severity features are associated with children having RV‐A or RV‐C induced first wheezing episode rather than with children having a non‐RV induced wheezing. J. Med. Virol. 88:2059–2068, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasmon‐driven catalysis in aqueous solutions probed by SERS spectroscopy
Authors: Cui Lin , Ren Xin , Yang Xianzhong , Wang Peijie , Qu Yingqi , Liang Wenjie , Sun Mengtao
Published: May 2016

Since 2010, the plasmon‐driven catalysis using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in atmospheric environment has been experimentally reported. Recent experimental results since 2014 revealed that catalysis under aqueous condition is much better than that in atmospheric environment. In this paper, we review plasmon‐driven catalysis using SERS under aqueous condition. First, the experimental apparatus developed by ourselves is introduced in detail. Second, we demonstrate the advantages of plasmon‐driven catalysis using SERS under aqueous condition compared to that in atmospheric environment. Third, we review recent experimental results using this measurement method in different experimental settings under aqueous condition. The manipulation of reaction environment effectively provided the possibility to reveal the mechanism of surface plasmon catalysis for different reactions. This method has great potential to apply on ultrasensitive spectral analysis for SERS, catalysis, sensor and biology system under aqueous condition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of the Costs of Desertification in China: A Critical Review
Authors: Cheng Leilei , Lu Qi , Wu Bo , Yin Changbin , Bao Yingshuang , Gong Liyan
Published: May 2016

A preliminary conceptual framework is proposed for the estimation of the costs of desertification. This framework consists of assessment of the extent and severity of desertification, identification of various impacts and valuation of the direct and indirect costs of desertification. Based on this framework, three well‐cited studies of the costs of desertification in China were critically reviewed. Limitations in these studies include double counting, confusion of short‐term and long‐term costs and the lack of necessary adjustment of price parameters. Refinement of the estimates indicates that these limitations have caused serious overestimation or underestimation of the costs of desertification. To achieve more reliable and useful estimates, future studies need to overcome the limitations mentioned in the preceding texts and use the latest available data on desertification and its various impacts. A more comprehensive conceptual framework that includes the valuation of dryland ecosystem services could also be developed to guide future studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival of Prochlorococcus in extended darkness
Authors: Coe Allison , Ghizzoni Julie , LeGault Kristen , Biller Steven , Roggensack Sara E. , Chisholm Sallie W.
Published: May 2016

Prochlorococcus is the smallest oxygenic phototroph in the ocean, where it can be found in great abundance throughout the euphotic zone in mid‐latitude waters. Populations of this picocyanobacterium have been observed below the euphotic zone, but the viability of these cells is unclear. To explore the tolerance of Prochlorococcus to extended light‐deprivation, we subjected multiple strains of Prochlorococcus to varying periods of darkness and examined their ability to recover when placed back in the light. Some strains recovered after 35 h of darkness while others could not; this variability was not related to whether the strains were members of high‐ or low‐ light adapted ecotypes. The presence of a marine heterotroph, Alteromonas macleodii MIT1002, in the cultures extended their ability to survive prolonged darkness, in the most extreme case by 11 d. This could be attributed at least in part to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide in co‐cultures, consistent with known roles of “helper bacteria” in detoxifying hydrogen peroxide, and this effect could be mimicked to some degree by the addition of a known hydrogen peroxide quencher, sodium pyruvate. The addition of glucose alone to the cultures provided marginal enhancement, but when both pyruvate and glucose were added together, all strains were able to survive longer in darkness than they were with only the heterotroph added. Thus, it appears that Prochlorococcus dark‐survival depends on a multitude of factors. Limited analyses of Synechococcus suggest that its dark‐survival capacity is longer than that of Prochlorococcus, for reasons that are not yet clear.
A new method for exact solutions of variant types of time‐fractional Korteweg‐de Vries equations in shallow water waves
Authors: Sahoo S. , Ray S. Saha
Published: May 2016

The current article devoted on the new method for finding the exact solutions of some time‐fractional Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) type equations appearing in shallow water waves. We employ the new method here for time‐fractional equations viz. time‐fractional KdV‐Burgers and KdV‐mKdV equations for finding the exact solutions. We use here the fractional complex transform accompanied by properties of local fractional calculus for reduction of fractional partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. The obtained results are demonstrated by graphs for the new solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of planar strongly coupled wireless power transfer system for biomedical applications
Authors: Reza Khan Sadeque , Choi GoangSeog
Published: May 2016

Strongly coupled four‐coil wireless power transfer (WPT) system is presented in this letter. Conformal architecture is used for both transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) coils. Thus, a high mutual coupling coefficient is achieved between the coplanar coils. Furthermore, the quality factors of primary and secondary coils are improved. The proposed WPT system features a compact structure for biomedical applications and provides a measured efficiency greater than 79% when the distance between the TX and RX is 10 mm at a resonance frequency of 13.56 MHz. The designed system is also simulated for 10 mm human tissue medium using HFSS, which generates a power transfer efficiency of 55.1%. The simulated results are also verified by experimentation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1861–1866, 2016
Low‐cost software‐defined wireless cognitive network based on real‐time multi‐sector spectrum sensing and reconfigurable antenna array
Authors: Mazzer D. , Bontempo M. M. , Alberti A. M. , Cerqueira Sodré Arismar
Published: May 2016

This article presents the development of an electrically controlled reconfigurable antenna array and its implementation in a low‐cost embedded wireless cognitive network with a real‐time multi‐sector spectrum sensing. The proposed approach has been implemented in the unlicensed 2.4GHz ISM band with the purpose of independently performing spatial and spectrum sensing over different sectors of the wireless coverage area in real time. This novel network functionality is ensured by the use of an antenna array that is able to provide a reconfigurable radiation pattern. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1929–1934, 2016
Compact millimeter‐wave switched‐beam antenna arrays for short range communications
Authors: Alreshaid A. T. , Sharawi M. S. , Podilchak S. , Sarabandi K.
Published: May 2016

The need for more data throughput is a requirement that will keep growing in future wireless standards, and during the past few years, millimeter‐wave technology has generated much excitement in the mobile and wireless communications sectors due to the large bandwidth it can offer. In this letter two different travelling‐wave, slot antenna arrays are proposed which can offer tunable switched‐beam capability at millimeter‐wave frequencies. The antenna systems are built on a single layer PCB with top‐ and bottom‐side etching for operation at 28 GHz with at least 0.7 GHz of measured impedance bandwidth. For the first design, a planar 2 × 4 slot antenna array is proposed while the second design is implemented using a 4 × 4 slot array to demonstrate improved beam directivity. A Butler matrix for simple beam switching in the far‐field is also integrated within the compact antenna structure to provide the needed phased array operation. The total size of the two proposed systems with their feed networks are 55.2 × 55 × 0.13 mm3 and 53.7 × 61.2 × 0.13 mm3, respectively. These new travelling‐wave switched beam arrays can be placed within current handheld mobile devices for high bandwidth short range communications enabling 5G technologies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1917–1921, 2016
Compact single‐layer depolarizing chipless RFID tag
Authors: Martinez Marcos , van der Weide Daniel
Published: May 2016

We present the first single layer depolarizing chipless RFID tag. The tag is formed by a set of asymmetric hairpin resonators, improving the tag's coding density when compared with previous depolarizing tags. The single layer characteristics of the tags make it possible to print them directly on items or embed them in low profile objects like documents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1897–1900, 2016
A two port UWB‐dual narrowband antenna for cognitive radios
Authors: Pahadsingh Sasmita , Sahu Sudhakar
Published: May 2016

A two port ultra wideband(UWB) and dual narrowband antenna for cognitive radio(CR) applications is reported. In this letter an elliptical patch is used as an UWB sensing antenna which is coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed transmission line with elliptically tapered ground plane. A rectangular slot is etched from the radiating patch to integrate the narrow band communication antenna where basically the surface current density is effectively low. Within the slot a triangular monopole with meander line LC (inductance–capacitance) resonator in the feed helps to realize dual narrowband (NB) communication antenna. This proposed antenna is a potential candidate for cognitive radio application where the elliptical patch antenna covers the UWB frequency range (3.1–10.6 GHz) with stable radiation patterns for spectrum sensing and the triangular monopole with meander lines LC resonator in the feed behaves as dual band communication antenna with first band operating at WLAN 5.04 GHz (4.48–5.4 GHz) and second band operating at X band satellite communication at 7.6 GHz (7.4–7.76 GHz) with isolation less than −10 dB in the whole operating band between the two antenna ports. The prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and its S‐parameters in terms of S11, S22, S21 as well as radiation patterns were measured that shows good agreement with simulated results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1973–1978, 2016
A novel single‐layer frequency selective surface for gain enhancement of SWB antennas
Authors: Tahir Farooq A.
Published: May 2016

A novel frequency selective surface (FSS) and its application for gain enhancement of super‐wideband antennas are demonstrated in this article. The FSS is single layer; still it reflects quite in‐phase over the entire operating bandwidth (2–20 GHz) providing fractional bandwidth more than 163%. The proposed FSS is successfully simulated, fabricated and measured. It has excellent radiation characteristics with the antenna. Measured results show a significant gain improvement (4–5dBi) over 2–20GHz frequency range. The compact single‐layer configuration of the designed FSS provides more flexibility for its mounting close to a radiator making it an attractive candidate for modern applications in C‐band, X‐band, Ku‐band, and K‐band. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2030–2035, 2016
Modeling 3D thermal fracture propagation by transient cooling using virtual multidimensional internal bonds
Authors: Huang K. , Ghassemi A.
Published: May 2016

Thermal fracturing can play an important role in development of unconventional petroleum and geothermal resources. Thermal fractures can result from the nonlinear deformation of the rock in response to thermal stress related to cold water injection as well as heating. Before the rock reaches the final failure stage, material softening and bulk modulus degradation can cause changes in the thermo‐mechanical properties of the solid. In order to capture this aspect of the rock fracture, a virtual multidimensional internal bond‐based thermo‐mechanical model is derived to track elastic, softening, and the failure stages of the rock in response to the temporal changes of its temperature field. The variations in thermo‐mechanical properties of the rock are derived from a nonlinear constitutive model. To represent the thermo‐mechanical behavior of pre‐existing fractures, the element partition method is employed. Using the model, numerical simulation of 3D thermal fracture propagation in brittle rock is carried out. Results of numerical simulations provide evidence of model verification and illustrate nonlinear thermal response and fracture development in rock under uniform cooling. In addition, fracture coalescence in a cluster of fractures under thermal stress is illustrated, and the process of thermal fracturing from a wellbore is captured. Results underscore the importance of thermal stress in reservoir stimulation and show the effectiveness of the model to predict 3D thermal fracturing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a patient with MonoMAC syndrome/GATA2 haploinsufficiency
Authors: Koegel Ashley K. , Hofmann Inga , Moffitt Kristin , Degar Barbara , Duncan Christine , Tubman Venée N.
Published: May 2016

Patients with GATA2 haploinsufficiency have a significant predisposition to developing cytopenias, unique infectious manifestations, and myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML). We report a unique case of a patient who presented with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) and was subsequently diagnosed with monocytopenia and mycobacterium avium complex (MonoMAC) syndrome/GATA2 haploinsufficiency. The development of MDS/AML in patients with GATA2 haploinsufficiency is well described, however, the development of ALL has not been reported in the literature. ALL may be associated with GATA2 haploinsufficiency. Clinicians should be attuned to the features of the MonoMAC syndrome in patients with ALL that would prompt additional testing and alter treatment.
Defining and estimating causal direct and indirect effects when setting the mediator to specific values is not feasible
Authors: Lok Judith J.
Published: May 2016

Natural direct and indirect effects decompose the effect of a treatment into the part that is mediated by a covariate (the mediator) and the part that is not. Their definitions rely on the concept of outcomes under treatment with the mediator ‘set’ to its value without treatment. Typically, the mechanism through which the mediator is set to this value is left unspecified, and in many applications, it may be challenging to fix the mediator to particular values for each unit or patient. Moreover, how one sets the mediator may affect the distribution of the outcome. This article introduces ‘organic’ direct and indirect effects, which can be defined and estimated without relying on setting the mediator to specific values. Organic direct and indirect effects can be applied, for example, to estimate how much of the effect of some treatments for HIV/AIDS on mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV infection is mediated by the effect of the treatment on the HIV viral load in the blood of the mother. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic guidelines for captive breeding and reintroductions of the endangered Black‐fronted Piping Guan, Aburria jacutinga (galliformes, cracidae), an Atlantic Forest endemic
Authors: Oliveira‐Jr. Paulo R.R. , Costa Mariellen C. , Silveira Luis F. , Francisco Mercival R.
Published: May 2016

The survival of a number of birds rely on captive breeding and reintroduction into the wild, but captive populations are often small and can be exposed to the negative effects of inbreeding and genetic drift. Then, managers are concerned not only with producing as much offspring as possible, but also with the retention of the maximum genetic variability within and between populations. The Black‐fronted Piping Guan, Aburria jacutinga, is an endangered cracid endemic to the Atlantic Forest of southeastern South America. Because of its conservation status and functional importance, a captive breeding program started independently, mainly in three aviaries, in the decade of 1980. Although they have supplied animals for reintroductions, genetic variability aspects have never been considered. Here we addressed levels of genetic variability within and between these aviaries. Bayesian clustering analyses revealed two lineages. Inbreeding was not detected, although we found evidences for a recent bottleneck in one of the aviaries. Then, our main management recommendations are: i) reintroducing the species in areas where it has been extinct is more prudent than supplementing natural populations, as it could involve risks of disrupting local adaptive complexes; ii) as far as inbreeding can be avoided, the captive groups should be managed separately to minimize adaptation to captivity; iii) crossbreedings in pre‐release generations could improve reintroduction success; and iv) a studbook should be implemented. As populations of Black‐fronted Piping Guan from conservation units are progressively declining, these captive genetic repositories may gain importance in a near future. Zoo Biol. 35:313–318, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Origen via Rufinus on the New Testament Canon
Authors: Gallagher Edmon L.
Published: May 2016

Around the turn of the fifth century Rufinus of Aquileia translated many important Greek theological works, especially by Origen and Eusebius. These translations have received a great deal of criticism for their lack of fidelity to their Vorlagen, a criticism that extends to their statements on the New Testament canon. Several scholars now assume that the list of New Testament books to be found in Origen's Homilies on Joshua 7.1 (available only in Rufinus' Latin translation) should be attributed to the translator rather than to Origen himself. This paper calls this assumption into question by comparing Eusebius’ statements on the books of the New Testament to Rufinus' translation of those statements. We will find that Rufinus does, in fact, alter his text in some subtle ways so that the statements on the canon correspond more closely to the increasingly stabilised canon of the late-fourth and early-fifth centuries, but such subtle alterations do not overturn the translator's basic fidelity when reporting earlier views. This analysis suggests that Origen did produce a list of books in the mid-third century that closely – though not exactly – resembled the list of New Testament books published by Athanasius in 367.
Pyrrolidine-Acridine hybrid in Artemisinin-based combination: a pharmacodynamic study
Authors: PANDEY SWAROOP KUMAR , BISWAS SUBHASISH , GUNJAN SARIKA , CHAUHAN BHAVANA SINGH , SINGH SUNIL KUMAR , SRIVASTAVA KUMKUM , SINGH SARIKA , BATRA SANJAY , TRIPATHI RENU
Published: May 2016

Aiming to develop new artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for malaria, antimalarial effect of a new series of pyrrolidine-acridine hybrid in combination with artemisinin derivatives was investigated. Synthesis, antimalarial and cytotoxic evaluation of a series of hybrid of 2-(3-(substitutedbenzyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)alkanamines and acridine were performed and mode of action of the lead compound was investigated. In vivo pharmacodynamic properties (parasite clearance time, parasite reduction ratio, dose and regimen determination) against multidrug resistant (MDR) rodent malaria parasite and toxicological parameters (median lethal dose, liver function test, kidney function test) were also investigated. 6-Chloro-N-(4-(3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)butyl)-2-methoxyacridin-9-amine (15c) has shown a dose dependent haem bio-mineralization inhibition and was found to be the most effective and safe compound against MDR malaria parasite in Swiss mice model. It displayed best antimalarial potential with artemether (AM) in vitro as well as in vivo. The combination also showed favourable pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic response in mice with established MDR malaria infection and all mice were cured at the determined doses. The combination did not show toxicity at the doses administered to the Swiss mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that compound 15c is a potential partner with AM for the ACT and could be explored for further development.