bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESO‐based output‐feedback regulation control of nonlinear systems with SiISS inverse dynamics
Authors: Wang Chunxiao , Gao Yang , Sun Yuliang , Wu Yuqiang
Published: July 2022

This paper considers the output‐feedback controller for a class of stochastic cascade nonlinear systems with stochastic integral input‐to‐state stable inverse dynamics, unknown control coefficients, and matching disturbances. By augmenting the existing disturbance as an extended state, a novel extended state observer (ESO) is constructed based on the Riccati differential equation. Based on the techniques of Nussbaum function and backstepping, an adaptive output feedback controller is proposed to guarantee that all system states of the resulting closed‐loop system are globally asymptotically stable in probability. Meanwhile, the other signals are almost surely bounded. Additionally, the validity of the proposed control method is verified by simulation examples.
Low‐complexity, energy‐efficient fully parallel split‐radix FFT architecture
Authors: Hazarika Jinti , Ahamed Shaik Rafi , Nemade Harshal B.
Published: July 2022

Fully parallel pipelined fast Fourier transform offers the highest throughput but requires high area and power. In this work, an efficient fast Fourier transform processor based on the split‐radix algorithm is presented to reduce the hardware complexity of fully parallel fast Fourier transforms. In fully parallel pipelined implementations, split‐radix fast Fourier transform requires considerably more registers compared to other fast Fourier transform algorithms leading to more power consumption and high latency in spite of having the least number of multiplications among all fast Fourier transforms. To address this issue, the authors present a new data‐flow graph with no non‐trivial twiddle factors in the odd stages of the split‐radix fast Fourier transform. This facilitates significant reduction in the number of pipelining registers and a lower latency is achieved. Further, an efficient shift‐add twiddle factor multiplier is proposed based on architectural analysis and substructure sharing. A comparison of the proposed design with existing fully parallel fast Fourier transforms is carried out and it is found that the proposed method outperforms other designs. Synthesis results show that the proposed design offers 45–57% area savings and 67–74% energy savings compared to the best existing fully parallel fast Fourier transform design.
Opportunities to support the restoration of electrical grids with little numbers of large power plants through converter‐connected generation and storages
Authors: Becker Holger , Schütt Jonathan , Schürmann Gregor , Spanel Udo , Holicki Lukas , Malekian Kaveh
Published: July 2022

The nuclear phase‐out in Germany and the decarbonization of the energy supply are accompanied by a profound upheaval of the generation fleet. The decommissioning of large power plants and their replacement by decentralized, renewable generation plants (DG) as well as storage facilities leads to a shift in generation output from power plants connected to the transmission grid to a large number of renewable and decentralized plants connected to the distribution grids. This significantly impacts the approach to restore the interconnected system after a large‐scale blackout. In order to be able to plan and instruct the dispatch of generating power from the network operator's control centres when restoring the grid after a large‐scale blackout, two aggregation and forecasting methods differentiated by voltage level are presented. For larger farms connected to the high‐voltage grid, a structure‐based node approach is chosen; for the multitude of small and microunits connected to the medium‐ and low‐voltage grids, an area‐based approach is used. These methods do provide the network operator with active power/frequency management in the medium and long‐term range. The provision of fast frequency response (FFR) by inverter‐coupled units or storage systems stabilizes the frequency in the short‐term range. In this way, the frequency nadir following a load connection can be mitigated during network restoration, which accelerates the process. This is particularly relevant against the background of the nuclear and coal phase‐out, as it can compensate for the reduction in inertia and controllable feed‐in power caused by power plant shutdowns. In a case study, it is shown that in a grid island typical for the early phase of network restoration, the inertia of a 500 MW coal‐fired power plant can almost be replaced by a battery storage system of 50 MW which provides FFR.
Perspectives for multimessenger astronomy with the next generation of gravitational-wave detectors and high-energy satellites
Authors: Ronchini S. , Branchesi M. , Oganesyan G. , Banerjee B. , Dupletsa U. , Ghirlanda G. , Harms J. , Mapelli M. , Santoliquido F.
Published: July 2022

The Einstein Telescope (ET) is going to bring a revolution for the future of multimessenger astrophysics. In order to detect the counterparts of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers at high redshift, the high-energy observations will play a crucial role. Here, we explore the perspectives of ET, as a single observatory and in a network of gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, operating in synergy with future γ-ray and X-ray satellites. We predict the high-energy emission of BNS mergers and its detectability in a theoretical framework which is able to reproduce the properties of the current sample of observed short GRBs (SGRBs). We estimate the joint GW and high-energy detection rate for both the prompt and afterglow emissions, testing several combinations of instruments and observational strategies. We find that the vast majority of SGRBs detected in γ-rays have a detectable GW counterpart; the joint detection efficiency approaches 100% considering a network of third-generation GW observatories. The probability of identifying the electromagnetic counterpart of BNS mergers is significantly enhanced if the sky localization provided by GW instruments is observed by wide-field X-ray monitors. We emphasize that the role of the future X-ray observatories will be very crucial for the detection of the fainter emission outside the jet core, which will allow us to explore the population of low-luminosity SGRBs in the nearby Universe, as well as to unveil the nature of the jet structure and the connections with the progenitor properties.
Predicting binding energies of astrochemically relevant molecules via machine learning
Authors: Villadsen T. , Ligterink N. F. W. , Andersen M.
Published: July 2022

Context. The behaviour of molecules in space is to a large extent governed by where they freeze out or sublimate. The molecular binding energy is therefore an important parameter for many astrochemical studies. This parameter is usually determined with time-consuming experiments, computationally expensive quantum chemical calculations, or the inexpensive yet relatively inaccurate linear addition method.

Aims. In this work, we propose a new method for predicting binding energies (BEs) based on machine learning that is accurate, yet computationally inexpensive.

Methods. We created a machine-learning (ML) model based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) and trained it on a database of BEs of molecules collected from laboratory experiments presented in the literature. The molecules in the database are categorised by their features, such as mono- or multilayer coverage, binding surface, functional groups, valence electrons, and H-bond acceptors and donors.

Results. We assessed the performance of the model with five-fold and leave-one-molecule-out cross validation. Predictions are generally accurate, with differences between predicted binding energies and values from the literature of less than ±20%. We used the validated model to predict the binding energies of 21 molecules that were recently detected in the interstellar medium, but for which binding energy values are unknown. We used a simplified model to visualise where the snow lines of these molecules would be located in a protoplanetary disk.

Conclusions. This work demonstrates that ML can be employed to accurately and rapidly predict BEs of molecules. Machine learning complements current laboratory experiments and quantum chemical computational studies. The predicted BEs will find use in the modelling of astrochemical and planet-forming environments.
Discovery of fulvenallene in TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey
Authors: Cernicharo J. , Fuentetaja R. , Agúndez M. , Kaiser R. I. , Cabezas C. , Marcelino N. , Tercero B. , Pardo J. R. , de Vicente P.
Published: July 2022

We report the detection of fulvenallene (c-C5H4CCH2) in the direction of TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE1line survey. Thirty rotational transitions withKa = 0,1,2,3 andJ = 9−15 were detected. The best rotational temperature fitting of the data is 9 K and a derived column density is (2.7 ± 0.3) × 1012cm−2, which is only a factor of 4.4 below that of its potential precursor cyclopentadiene (c-C5H6), and 1.4–1.9 times higher than that of the ethynyl derivatives of cyclopentadiene. We searched for fulvene (c-C5H4CH2), a CH2derivative of cyclopentadiene, for which we derive a 3σupper limit to its column density of (3.5 ± 0.5) × 1012cm−2. Upper limits were also obtained for toluene (C6H5CH3) and styrene (C6H5C2H3), the methyl and vinyl derivatives of benzene. Fulvenallene and ethynyl cyclopentadiene are likely formed in the reaction between cyclopentadiene (c-C5H6) and the ehtynyl radical (CCH). However, the bottom-up gas-phase synthesis of cycles in TMC-1 underestimates the abundance of cyclopentadiene by two orders of magnitude, which strengthens the need to study all possible chemical pathways to cyclisation in cold dark cloud environments, such as TMC-1. However, the inclusion of the reaction between C3H3+and C2H4produces a good agreement between model and observed abundances.
The isoperimetric problemviadirect method in noncompact metric measure spaces with lower Ricci bounds
Authors: Antonelli Gioacchino , Nardulli Stefano , Pozzetta Marco
Published: July 2022

We establish a structure theorem for minimizing sequences for the isoperimetric problem on noncompact RCD(K, N) spaces (X, d, ℋN). Under the sole (necessary) assumption that the measure of unit balls is uniformly bounded away from zero, we prove that the limit of such a sequence is identified by a finite collection of isoperimetric regions possibly contained in pointed Gromov-Hausdorff limits of the ambient spaceXalong diverging sequences of points. The number of such regions is bounded linearly in terms of the measure of the minimizing sequence. The result follows from a new generalized compactness theorem, which identifies the limit of a sequence of setsEi⊂Xiwith uniformly bounded measure and perimeter, where (Xi,di, ℋN) is an arbitrary sequence of RCD(K,N) spaces. An abstract criterion for a minimizing sequence to converge without losing mass at infinity to an isoperimetric set is also discussed. The latter criterion is new also for smooth Riemannian spaces.
Independence number and connectivity for fractional (a, b, k)-critical covered graphs
Authors: Zhou Sizhong , Wu Jiancheng , Liu Hongxia
Published: July 2022

A graphGis a fractional (a, b, k)-critical covered graph ifG − Uis a fractional [a, b]-covered graph for everyU ⊆ V(G) with |U| = k, which is first defined by (Zhou, Xu and Sun,Inf. Process. Lett.152(2019) 105838). Furthermore, they derived a degree condition for a graph to be a fractional (a, b, k)-critical covered graph. In this paper, we gain an independence number and connectivity condition for a graph to be a fractional (a, b, k)-critical covered graph and verify thatGis a fractional (a, b, k)-critical covered graph if

k(G) ≥ max {2b(a+1)(b+1)+4bk+5/4b,(a+1)2𝛼(G)+4bk+5/4b}.
Phytotherapie bei psychischen Erkrankungen in medizinischen
Leitlinien
Authors: Bittel Miriam , Rakoczy Tobias , Fröhlich Antje , Langhorst Jost
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund Phytotherapeutika werden aufgrund ihrer Beliebtheit bei
PatientInnen und ihrer langen traditionellen Verwendung zunehmend in
medizinische Leitlinien aufgenommen.

Methode Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit gibt einen systematischen
Überblick über phytotherapeutische Empfehlungen und Inhalte in
deutschen (AWMF) und internationalen (WFSBP, CANMAT) medizinischen Leitlinien
für psychische Erkrankungen.

Ergebnisse Phytotherapeutika können bei leichten bis
mittelschweren psychischen Störungen wie folgt empfohlen werden:
Depressionen [(+++): Johanniskraut (Hypericum
perforatum L.), (++ ): Safran (Crocus
sativus L.) und Curcuma (Curcuma longa L.), (+): Lavendel
(Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) und (+/–):
Rosenwurz (Rhodiola rosea L.)], Angststörungen
[(++ ): Lavendel und Ashwagandha (Withania
somnifera (L.) Dunal), (+): Galphimia (Galphimia glauca
Cav.), (+/–): Kamille (Matricaria spp.);
„nicht empfohlen“ (–) wird Kava-Kava (Piper
methysticum G. Forst.) wegen möglicher Lebertoxizität],
Schlafstörungen [(+/–): Baldrian (Valeriana
officinalis L.)] und Demenz [(+++): Ginkgo
(Ginkgo biloba L.) zur Verbesserung der Kognition]. Sicherheit und
Verträglichkeit wurden überwiegend als sehr gut bis tolerabel
bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung Internationale Leitlinien zeigen die mögliche
Vielfalt an empfehlenswerten Phytotherapeutika für die Behandlung von
psychischen Erkrankungen auf. Die derzeitige Überarbeitung einer
Vielzahl nationaler Leitlinien zu psychischen Erkrankungen bietet die Chance,
bestehende Empfehlungen für Phytotherapeutika systematisch zu
aktualisieren und neue zu integrieren, um TherapeutInnen eine evidenzbasierte
Nutzen-Risiko-Bewertung für ihre PatientInnen zu
ermöglichen.
Origanum dictamnus L., Kretischer Diptam
Authors: Latté KlausPeter
Published: July 2022

Origanum dictamnus L., der Kretische Diptam, wuchs ursprünglich nur
auf Kreta. Die Krautdroge wird seit der Antike zu arzneilichen Zwecken verwendet,
u.a. zur Wundbehandlung, bei gastrointestinalen und gynäkologischen
Beschwerden sowie bei Erkältungskrankheiten. In zahlreichen phytochemischen
Arbeiten wurde eine Vielzahl an Flavonoiden, Zimtsäuren und einfachen
organischen Säuren, Depsiden, Triterpenen und ein ätherisches
Öl beschrieben. Das ätherische Öl besteht
hauptsächlich aus Carvacrol, p-Cymen und γ-Terpinen. Moderne
In-vitro-Untersuchungen belegen antimikrobielle, antioxidative, antiinflammatorische
und antiparasitäre Wirkungen für die Krautdroge, d.h. für
Extrakte und das ätherische Öl. Der HMPC erkannte in einer
Monografie der Krautdroge aufgrund der langjährigen Verwendung den Status
des sog. „traditional use“ zu. Bisher liegen noch keine klinischen
Studien zur Wirksamkeit der Krautdroge und/oder zu Zubereitungen daraus vor.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Stange Rainer
Published: July 2022

Zwischenzeitlich haben viele von uns sich anlässlich des Tetranationalen
Kongresses für Phytotherapie in Zürich 16.–18. Juni 2022 von
der Lebendigkeit des Fachgebietes am zumindest vorläufigen Ende der
Corona-Krise überzeugen können. Also kein Anlass zu irgendwelchen
Befürchtungen?
Johanniskrautextrakte zur antidepressiven
Pharmakotherapie
Authors: Volz Hans-Peter
Published: July 2022

Johanniskrautextrakte enthalten eine Vielzahl von Stoffen, die einzelnen Extrakte
können sich beträchtlich unterscheiden, was bei ihrer Auswahl
und Beurteilung berücksichtigt werden muss. Mittlerweile liegen robuste
Daten zum Wirkmechanismus vor, die sowohl einen direkten Einfluss auf die
Verfügbarkeit von Neurotransmittern (v. a. Noradrenalin,
Serotonin) zeigen, aber auch die β-down-Regulation an der Postsynapse.
Daneben zeigten sich Effekte auf die Regulation der HPA-Achse, auf
entzündliche Prozesse und auch auf die Neuroneogenese. Eine
große Zahl randomisierter, kontrollierter Studien (RCT) konnte
gegenüber Placebo eine bessere Wirksamkeit zeigen, gegenüber
Standardantidepressiva wurde eine Gleichwirksamkeit bzw. Nichtunterlegenheit bei
besserer Verträglichkeit nachgewiesen. Die meisten dieser RCTs wurde im
Bereich leichter bis mittelgradiger Depressionen durchgeführt.
Für einzelne Extrakte wurde auch die Langzeitwirksamkeit
placebokontrolliert gezeigt. Interaktionsgesichtspunkte müssen bei
Kombinationstherapien berücksichtigt werden.
Muskuloskelettaler Ultraschall in der Diagnostik und Therapie von Tendinopathien
Authors: Müller Moritz
Published: July 2022

Lohnt sich der Einsatz von Ultraschall, um Tendinopathien zu diagnostizieren und zu behandeln? Um dies entscheiden zu können, ist es sinnvoll, die Stärken und Schwächen der einzelnen Verfahren und neueste Ultraschall-basierte Therapien zu kennen. Erfahren Sie daher mehr über CEUS, SMI, ASE, Speckle Tracking und was mit Nadeln und Ultraschall möglich ist.
Der vergessliche Clown – Demenz mit Humor begegnen
Authors: Kurz Oliver
Published: July 2022

Als Clown in einer pflegerischen Einrichtung auf Menschen mit Demenz zu treffen, ist eine Begegnung im Moment: offen, echt und unbefangen, voller Wertschätzung und Empathie. Warum der Clown für diese Art der Begegnung besonders geeignet ist und wie er die Freude am Sein (wieder-)erweckt, schildert unser Autor, der bei seinen Clown-Visiten selbst schon viele Herzen berührt hat.
Lavendel bei Angststörungen – Schwerpunkt Lavendelöl
Authors: Volz Hans-Peter
Published: July 2022

Angststörungen sind als Gruppe betrachtet die häufigsten
psychiatrischen Erkrankungen überhaupt, die Ein-Jahres-Prävalenz
beträgt 14%. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst
die wichtigsten klinischen Charakteristika dieser Erkrankungen vorgestellt und
wie zu einer differentialdiagnostischen Einschätzung gelangt werden
kann. Die wichtigsten Behandlungsmethoden für diese Störungen
sind Psychotherapie und Pharmakotherapie. Bei letzterer Option besitzt das
Phytopharmakon Silexan einen besonderen Stellenwert, da dessen
Effektivität und Verträglichkeit in einer Reihe von
doppelblinden, meist placebokontrollierten Studien im Indikationsbereich
subsyndromale Angststörungen und generalisierte Angststörung
gezeigt werden konnten; auch Metaanalysen über diese Studien
bestätigten diese günstigen Ergebnisse. Zudem liegen
Interaktionsstudien und spezielle Studien zur Fahrfähigkeit und zu dem
Fehlen von Absetzeffekten vor. Insofern stellt Lavendelöl eine wertvolle
Alternative zur Pharmakotherapie der Angststörungen dar.
Induction Chemotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue—Still a Slippery Role?
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , Susikar Sujay , Bharanidharan T , Veerappan Venkatachalam
Published: July 2022

Background Tongue cancers are more common in the Indian subcontinent and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among oral cavity cancers. Induction chemotherapy has been considered an intriguing and smart option for many reasons, but even after years of studies and debates, its role has not been fully established in the management of tongue cancers.

Materials and Methods In this study, we evaluated 17 patients with oral tongue carcinomas with locally advanced stage, enrolled into a protocol of three drug (docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) induction chemotherapy for three cycles. After completion of the three cycles, patients were clinically and radiologically re-evaluated and surgery was done if locally operable.

Results At the completion of three cycles, five patients were partial responders, four patients were complete responders, and five patients had progressive disease after three cycles. Those patients with response underwent surgery. There were no significant morbid intraoperative or postoperative complications observed in seven out of nine patients. At the end of treatment completion, five out of nine patients had tumor residue/high-risk features and were planned for adjuvant radiotherapy.

Conclusion For locally advanced oral tongue carcinomas, the role of induction chemotherapy before surgery has been fruitful and its impact on function preservation with acceptable oncological clearance is an emerging alternative. Spacing chemotherapy and radiotherapy reduce the incidence of adverse effects of combined treatment.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Factors Associated with Low Gradient Severe Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Soesanto Amiliana M. , Roeswita Dina , Atmosudigdo Indriwanto S. , Adiarto Suko , Sahara Elen
Published: July 2022

Discrepancy between narrowed mitral valve area and transmitral gradient is not uncommon, suggesting the presence of low gradient (LG)-severe mitral stenosis (MS). Some clinical and hemodynamic factors are believed to associate with LG-severe MS. Transthoracic echocardiography reports were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the association of all clinical and hemodynamic parameters with LG-severe MS. A 36% of total 322 patients was in the LG-severe MS group. In multivariate analysis, atrial fibrillation (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.60–16.71, odds ratio [OR] 8.77), net atrioventricular compliance > 4 mL/mm Hg (95% CI 3.96–14.25, OR 7.51), tricuspid regurgitation maximal velocity (TR Vmax) > 3.4 m/s (95% CI 0.13–0.48, OR 0.25), stroke volume index ≤ 35 mL/m2 (95% CI 1.49–6.25, OR 3.05), female gender (95% CI 1.30–5.33, OR 2.63), and severe tricuspid regurgitation (95% CI 1.04–5.50, OR 2.39) were found to be associated with LG-severe MS. Atrial fibrillation, net atrioventricular compliance, TR Vmax, stroke volume index, female gender, and severe TR were associated with low transmitral gradient in patients with severe MS.
Low-Risk Antenatal Care Enhanced by Telemedicine: A Practical Guideline Model
Authors: Colombo Talita , Todeschini Lorenza Bridi , Orlandini Mariana , Nascimento Hallana do , Gabriel Franciele Cordeiro , Alves Rafael José Vargas , Stein Airton Tetelbom
Published: July 2022

Objective To develop a protocol for hybrid low-risk prenatal care adapted to Brazilian guidelines, merging reduced face-to-face consultations and remote monitoring.

Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched on telemedicine and antenatal care perspectives and adaptation of the low-risk prenatal care protocols recommended by the Ministry of Health and by the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations.

Results Five relevant articles and three manuals were included in the review, for presented criteria to develop this clinical guideline. We identified, in these studies, that the schedule of consultations is unevenly distributed among the gestational trimesters, and ranges from 7 to 14 appointments. In general, the authors propose one to two appointments in the first trimester, two to three appointments in the second trimester, and two to six appointments in the third trimester. Only three studies included puerperal evaluations. The routine exams recommended show minimal variations among authors. To date, there are no validated Brazilian protocols for prenatal care by telemedicine. The included studies showed that pregnant women were satisfied with this form of care, and the outcomes of interest, except for hypertensive diseases, were similar between the groups exposed to traditional and hybrid prenatal care.

Conclusion The presented guideline comprises the Ministry of Health recommendations for low-risk prenatal care and reduces exposure to the hospital environment and care costs. A randomized clinical trial, to be developed by this group, will provide real-world data on safety, effectiveness, satisfaction, and costs.
Increasing model vertical resolution may not necessarily lead to improved atmospheric predictability
Authors: Moon Sungju , Baik Jong-Jin , Song Hyo-Jong , Han Ji-Young
Published: July 2022

The widely accepted existence of an inherent limit of atmospheric predictability is usually attributed to weather’s sensitive dependence on initial conditions. This signature feature of chaos was first discovered in the Lorenz system, initially derived as a simplified model of thermal convection. In a recent study of a high-dimensional generalization of the Lorenz system, it was reported that the predictability of its chaotic solutions exhibits a non-monotonic dimensional dependence. Since raising the dimension of the Lorenz system is analogous to refining the model vertical resolution when viewed as a thermal convection model, it is questioned whether this non-monotonicity is also found in numerical weather prediction models. Predictability in the sense of sensitive dependence on initial conditions can be measured based on deviation time, that is, the time of threshold-exceeding deviations between the solutions with minute differences in initial conditions. Through ensemble experiments involving both the high-dimensional generalizations of the Lorenz system and real-case simulations by a numerical weather prediction model, this study demonstrates that predictability can depend non-monotonically on model vertical resolution. Further analysis shows that the spatial distribution of deviation time strongly contributes to this non-monotonicity. It is suggested that chaos, or sensitive dependence on initial conditions, leads to non-monotonic dependence on model vertical resolution of deviation time and, by extension, atmospheric predictability.
Novel fractal acoustic metamaterials (FAMs) for multiple narrow-band near-perfect absorption
Authors: Singh Sanjeet Kumar , Prakash Om , Bhattacharya Shantanu
Published: July 2022

In this work, we introduce fractal acoustic metamaterials (FAMs), in thicknesses ranging from 5 (λ/69) to 25 mm (λ/18), which are observed to provide multiple narrow-band low-frequency absorptions of acoustic signals. The fractal structures used in this work are carefully designed and fabricated using a side branch Helmholtz resonator design, making these structures easily tunable to multiple frequencies. Using different sizes of the side branches distributed in a fractally oriented configuration onto a plane rigid baseplate, the propagation velocity of acoustic waves is slowed down considerably. There is also a shifting resonating response of the structures toward lower frequencies (<1600 Hz). These FAM structures exhibit no dependence on the acoustic traverse length, as is otherwise commonly seen in coiled meta-structures and others. In order to achieve a near-perfect sound absorption behavior, the geometry of the structure is theoretically ascertained and validated numerically and experimentally. Significant emphasis has been placed on the associated physical mechanism modulating the loss of intensity of the incident acoustic signals. Moreover, with regression analysis performed on a response surface-based optimization scheme (using Design Expert 11 software), the geometric parameters are determined in a way that the absorption demonstrates a narrow-band characteristic at a frequency of 1 K Hz. We have shown in this work the tunability aspect of the various absorption frequency bands through appropriate designs of the FAM. It opens up wide application possibilities of multiple frequency sound absorptions (acoustic cloaking).
A minireview on 2D materials-enabled optoelectronic artificial synaptic devices
Authors: Yoo Changhyeon , Ko Tae-Jun , Kaium Md Golam , Martinez Ricardo , Islam Molla Manjurul , Li Hao , Kim Jung Han , Cao Justin , Acharya Marconi , Roy Tania , Jung Yeonwoong
Published: July 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials exhibit many unique properties, such as near-atomic thickness, electrical tunability, optical tunability, and mechanical deformability, which are characteristically distinct from conventional materials. They are particularly promising for next-generation biologically inspired optoelectronic artificial synapses, offering unprecedented opportunities beyond the current complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-based computing device technologies. This Research update article introduces the recent exploration of various 2D materials for optoelectronic artificial synapses, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorous, hexagonal boron nitride, MXenes, and metal oxides. Material property suitability and advantages of these 2D materials in implementing optoelectronic artificial synapses are discussed in detail. In addition, recent progress demonstrating 2D materials-enabled optoelectronic artificial synaptic devices is reviewed along with their device operation principles. Finally, pending challenges and forward-looking outlooks on this emerging research area are suggested.
Analytical model for viscous and elastic Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities in convergent geometries at static interfaces
Authors: Gou J. N. , Zeng R. H. , Wang C. , Sun Y. B.
Published: July 2022

Great attention has been attracted to study the viscous and elastic Rayleigh–Taylor instability in convergent geometries, especially for their low mode asymmetries that behave distinctively from the planar counterparts. However, most analyses have focused on the instability at static interfaces that excludes the studies of the Bell–Plesset effects and the elastic–plastic transition since they involve too complex mathematics. Herein, we perform detailed analyses on the dispersion relations by applying the viscous and elastic potential flow method to obtain their approximate growth rates compared with the exact ones to demonstrate: (i) The approximate growth rates based on potential flow method generally coincide with the exact ones. (ii) An alternative expression is proposed to overcome the discrepancy for the low mode asymmetries at fluid/fluid interface. (iii) Extra care must be taken in solids since the maximum discrepancies occur at the n = 1 mode and at the mode proximate to the cutoff. This analytical method of great simplicity is essential to describe the dynamic interface by including the overall motion of the interface based on the static construction, while the exact analysis involves too complex mathematics to be extended by including the Bell–Plesset effects and the elastic–plastic properties. To sum up, the approximate analytical dispersion relations derived in convergent geometries, have the potential for dealing with dynamic interfaces where Bell–Plesset effects are combined with elastic–plastic transition.
Flow completion network: Inferring the fluid dynamics from incomplete flow information using graph neural networks
Authors: He Xiaodong , Wang Yinan , Li Juan
Published: July 2022

This paper introduces a novel neural network—a flow completion network (FCN)—to infer the fluid dynamics, including the flow field and the force acting on the body, from the incomplete data based on a graph convolution attention network. The FCN is composed of several graph convolution layers and spatial attention layers. It is designed to infer the velocity field and the vortex force contribution of the flow field when combined with the vortex force map method. Compared with other neural networks adopted in fluid dynamics, the FCN is capable of dealing with both structured data and unstructured data. The performance of the proposed FCN is assessed by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data on the flow field around a circular cylinder. The force coefficients predicted by our model are validated against those obtained directly from CFD. Moreover, it is shown that our model effectively utilizes the existing flow field information and the gradient information simultaneously, giving better performance than the traditional convolution neural network (CNN)-based and deep neural network (DNN)-based models. Specifically, among all the cases of different Reynolds numbers and different proportions of the training dataset, the results show that the proposed FCN achieves a maximum norm mean square error of 5.86% in the test dataset, which is much lower than those of the traditional CNN-based and DNN-based models (42.32% and 15.63%, respectively).
Accurate estimation of thermal properties for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on diamond
Authors: Li Yao , Chen Yulong , Zhang Chao , Wang Xi , Pu Hongbin
Published: July 2022

For accurate estimation of the thermal characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors on diamond, the anisotropic thermal conductivities of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and GaN with their thickness dependences are included in the finite element simulation model, of which the PCD thermal conductivity kPCD is calculated through detailed analyses of the grain sizes in the directions parallel and vertical to the interface and relative phonon-grain boundary scatterings. In addition, the GaN thermal conductivity kGaN is the result of an approximate solution of the phonon Boltzmann transport equation. To investigate the effects of anisotropic GaN and PCD thermal conductivity, four cases of thermal conductivity models are compared: anisotropic kGaN and kPCD, anisotropic kGaN with constant kPCD, constant kGaN with anisotropic kPCD, and constant kGaN and kPCD. Then the maximum channel temperature simulated from the four above-mentioned models and the errors relative to the case of anisotropic kGaN and kPCD are investigated with respect to thermal boundary resistance, GaN layer thickness, gate pitch, heat source width, and power dissipation. The results show that the combination of anisotropic kPCD and constant kGaN overestimates the maximum channel temperature rise, and using constant kPCD and anisotropic kGaN underestimates the maximum channel temperature rise for almost all the simulations in the text. However, the channel temperature stemming from constant kPCD and kGaN is generally closer to the case with anisotropic PCD and GaN thermal conductivity.
From domestication syndrome to breeding objective: insights into unwanted breakup in common beans to improve shattering
Authors: Sofi Parvaze A. , Mir Rakeeb Ahmad , Bhat Kaisar Ahmad , Mir R. R. , Fatima Samreen , Rani Sujeela , Mahajan Reetika , Shafi Sadiah , Zaffar Aaqif , Ahmad Rayees , Bhat M. Ashraf , Zargar Sajad Majeed
Published: July 2022

Context Agronomical traits like loss of seed dispersal targeted by ancient human selection are an important milestone of crop domestication. Evolution in plant species is a result of natural and human selection at the time of domestication. Evolution leads to continued improvement of adaptive traits in almost all plant species. Aims Pod shattering, one of the examples of convergent evolution, is defined as breaking up of the pod shell enabling the successful dispersal of seeds mainly in wild species. Since the available climate change models predict an increase in aridity, it is expected that the losses on account of shattering will be aggravated, especially in dry areas. Methods Histological studies and biochemical parameters are increasingly used as surrogates for pod shattering response as they provide key inputs for selecting contrasting genotypes based on differential lignification, role of pectin, fibre, cellulose and total carbohydrate content as well as enzymes such as endopolygalacturonase and β-glucanase and hormones. Key results There is diversity for level of shattering, with race Nueva Granada showing higher rates of pod shattering as compared to the Durango and Jalisco races. Genomics has helped identify several genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) such as PDH-1, St-1, SHAT-1, WRKY1 and MYB26 that are implicated in various traits related to pod shattering. Conclusions Plant breeders need to introgress shattering resistance into commercial varieties to mitigate the imminent yield losses. Implications This requires an in-depth knowledge of mechanistic, physiological, biochemical and the underlying genetic basis of pod shattering resistance.
Seroprevalence of
Authors: McKay Philippa A. , Hufschmid Jasmin , Meredith Anna L. , Zendejas-Heredia Patsy A. , Moseby Katherine E.
Published: July 2022

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan transmitted by felids and infection, morbidity, and mortality occur in numerous marsupial species. This study explores the relationship between cat exposure and Toxoplasma in burrowing bettongs (Bettongia lesueur) in the Arid Recovery Reserve (ARR), South Australia. We estimated seroprevalence, using a modified agglutination test for T. gondii-specific immunoglobulins, in cat-free and cat-exposed bettong populations. Tissue samples collected opportunistically from bettong carcasses and from cats within and around the reserve were screened for T. gondii DNA using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (M-qPCR). Two cats trapped inside the ARR tested positive (50.0%; 95% CI: 15.0–85.0%). All bettongs tested from the cat-free (n = 48) and cat-exposed (n = 19) exclosures were seronegative (95% CI: 0–7.41% and 0–16.82% respectively). We found no evidence of fatal toxoplasmosis, with all bettong carcasses negative on M-qPCR (n = 11). We propose that T. gondii was not detected in bettongs coexisting with cats primarily due to low exposure of bettongs at the time of sampling, possibly due to poor oocyst viability in arid conditions or low shedding by cats. Ongoing screening throughout high and low rainfall years should be conducted to better establish the risk of Toxoplasma to bettongs in the ARR.
cAMP and voltage modulate rat auditory mechanotransduction by decreasing the stiffness of gating springs
Authors: Mecca Andrew A. , Caprara Giusy A. , Peng Anthony W.
Published: July 2022

Hair cells of the auditory and vestibular systems transform mechanical input into electrical potentials through the mechanoelectrical transduction process (MET). Deflection of the mechanosensory hair bundle increases tension in the gating springs that open MET channels. Regulation of MET channel sensitivity contributes to the auditory system’s precision, wide dynamic range and, potentially, protection from overexcitation. Modulating the stiffness of the gating spring modulates the sensitivity of the MET process. Here, we investigated the role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in rat outer hair cell MET and found that cAMP up-regulation lowers the sensitivity of the channel in a manner consistent with decreasing gating spring stiffness. Direct measurements of the mechanical properties of the hair bundle confirmed a decrease in gating spring stiffness with cAMP up-regulation. In parallel, we found that prolonged depolarization mirrored the effects of cAMP. Finally, a limited number of experiments implicate that cAMP activates the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP to mediate the changes in MET sensitivity. These results reveal that cAMP signaling modulates gating spring stiffness to affect auditory sensitivity.
Pain hypersensitivity in a pharmacological mouse model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Bouchatta Otmane , Aby Franck , Sifeddine Wahiba , Bouali-Benazzouz Rabia , Brochoire Louison , Manouze Houria , Fossat Pascal , Ba M’Hamed Saadia , Bennis Mohamed , Landry Marc
Published: July 2022

Clinical evidence suggests that pain hypersensitivity develops in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the mechanisms and neural circuits involved in these interactions remain unknown because of the paucity of studies in animal models. We previously validated a mouse model of ADHD obtained by neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection. Here, we have demonstrated that 6-OHDA mice exhibit a marked sensitization to thermal and mechanical stimuli, suggesting that phenotypes associated with ADHD include increased nociception. Moreover, sensitization to pathological inflammatory stimulus is amplified in 6-OHDA mice as compared to shams. In this ADHD model, spinal dorsal horn neuron hyperexcitability was observed. Furthermore, ADHD-related hyperactivity and anxiety, but not inattention and impulsivity, are worsened in persistent inflammatory conditions. By combining in vivo electrophysiology, optogenetics, and behavioral analyses, we demonstrated that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) hyperactivity alters the ACC–posterior insula circuit and triggers changes in spinal networks that underlie nociceptive sensitization. Altogether, our results point to shared mechanisms underlying the comorbidity between ADHD and nociceptive sensitization. This interaction reinforces nociceptive sensitization and hyperactivity, suggesting that overlapping ACC circuits may be targeted to develop better treatments.
Organellar transcripts dominate the cellular mRNA pool across plants of varying ploidy levels
Authors: Forsythe Evan S. , Grover Corrinne E. , Miller Emma R. , Conover Justin L. , Arick Mark A. , Chavarro M. Carolina F. , Leal-Bertioli Soraya C. M. , Peterson Daniel G. , Sharbrough Joel , Wendel Jonathan F. , Sloan Daniel B.
Published: July 2022

Mitochondrial and plastid functions depend on coordinated expression of proteins encoded by genomic compartments that have radical differences in copy number of organellar and nuclear genomes. In polyploids, doubling of the nuclear genome may add challenges to maintaining balanced expression of proteins involved in cytonuclear interactions. Here, we use ribo-depleted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze transcript abundance for nuclear and organellar genomes in leaf tissue from four different polyploid angiosperms and their close diploid relatives. We find that even though plastid genomes contain <1% of the number of genes in the nuclear genome, they generate the majority (69.9 to 82.3%) of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts in the cell. Mitochondrial genes are responsible for a much smaller percentage (1.3 to 3.7%) of the leaf mRNA pool but still produce much higher transcript abundances per gene compared to nuclear genome. Nuclear genes encoding proteins that functionally interact with mitochondrial or plastid gene products exhibit mRNA expression levels that are consistently more than 10-fold lower than their organellar counterparts, indicating an extreme cytonuclear imbalance at the RNA level despite the predominance of equimolar interactions at the protein level. Nevertheless, interacting nuclear and organellar genes show strongly correlated transcript abundances across functional categories, suggesting that the observed mRNA stoichiometric imbalance does not preclude coordination of cytonuclear expression. Finally, we show that nuclear genome doubling does not alter the cytonuclear expression ratios observed in diploid relatives in consistent or systematic ways, indicating that successful polyploid plants are able to compensate for cytonuclear perturbations associated with nuclear genome doubling.
Motor learning without movement
Authors: Kim Olivia A. , Forrence Alexander D. , McDougle Samuel D.
Published: July 2022

Prediction errors guide many forms of learning, providing teaching signals that help us improve our performance. Implicit motor adaptation, for instance, is thought to be driven by sensory prediction errors (SPEs), which occur when the expected and observed consequences of a movement differ. Traditionally, SPE computation is thought to require movement execution. However, recent work suggesting that the brain can generate sensory predictions based on motor imagery or planning alone calls this assumption into question. Here, by measuring implicit motor adaptation during a visuomotor task, we tested whether motor planning and well-timed sensory feedback are sufficient for adaptation. Human participants were cued to reach to a target and were, on a subset of trials, rapidly cued to withhold these movements. Errors displayed both on trials with and without movements induced single-trial adaptation. Learning following trials without movements persisted even when movement trials had never been paired with errors and when the direction of movement and sensory feedback trajectories were decoupled. These observations indicate that the brain can compute errors that drive implicit adaptation without generating overt movements, leading to the adaptation of motor commands that are not overtly produced.
Film song translation: Verbal, vocal, and visual dimensions
Authors: Cui Ying , Wang Hui
Published: July 2022

As films are distributed across the globe, film song translation has become a subject of study, which entails considering multi-modal factors. This paper aims to explore the major dimensions and parameters involved in film song translation. Based on previous research on music and translation, this paper proposes a framework for studying film song translation from verbal, vocal, and visual dimensions. The verbal dimension involves semantic meaning, metaphors, images, mood, and emotion. The vocal dimension includes the number of syllables and musical notes, the length of musical notes, rhyme and parallelism, the rise and fall of the melody, and the segmentation of a line. The visual dimension covers the plot, characters, and background pictures. This paper uses this framework to analyze the Chinese translation ofAmazing Gracein the filmForever Youngto demonstrate how film song translation can be flexible in tackling verbal, vocal, and visual restrictions and possibilities.
How do translators select among competing (near-)synonyms in translation?
Authors: de Baets Pauline , de Sutter Gert
Published: July 2022

This article investigates how translators choose between multiple competing onomasiological variants to express (verbal) inchoativity in English-to-Dutch translations. Using a corpus-based multifactorial research design, we measure the impact of three well-known socio-cognitive mechanisms on the actual choice, namely the complexity principle, risk aversion, and cognate exposure. We apply the behavioural profile method, which allows us to operationalise these three explanatory mechanisms via ID-tags, and we then use conditional random forest modelling to determine the impact of each mechanism on the choice between four competing verbs of inchoativity. The results of our analyses show that the complexity principle plays a clear role in translated texts, as there is a significant preference for the active construction and for prototypical verbs in passive constructions. Genre-specific risk-averse behaviour as well as cognate avoidance were not observed.
Corrosion behaviour induced by crystal structure transformation of Mg alloy with AlTiB
Authors: Tang Yan , Nong Zhisheng , Zhang Hongliang , Le Qichi , Wu Baolin
Published: July 2022

The microstructural evolution and corrosion behaviour of three kinds of Mg alloy containing AlTiB (α, α + β, β) were investigated. The result showed that changing Li content can transform the matrix of Mg alloy from α-Mg to β-Li. Except for β-Li, the microstructural morphology of α-Mg is refined by TiB2, In the study of corrosion behaviour, a structure of multiple layers is formed on corrosion surfaces, and the α + β alloy has a poor corrosion resistance which results from a mechanism of the dynamic galvanic couple between α-Mg and β-Li. However, the β-Li alloy with high Li content has relatively good corrosion resistance.
A method for producing ceramic/stainless steel composites by laser welding with calculation optimisation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen YanKun , Yu DeShui , Sun DaQian , Li HongMei
Published: July 2022

In this work, SS/ceramic composite material was produced by laser welding with active filler (AgCuTi). The presence of the AgCuTi filler was determined by ensuring that crack-free welds were obtained, and no brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were observed. Unmelted SS was retained by laser offset to the SS side to achieve heat transfer to the filler. The AgCuTi filler was not melted but the eutectic reaction with low melting point still occurred by atomic diffusion. In accordance with the characteristics of laser brazing, a mathematical model for calculating the transient heat transfer of laser brazing was established via finite element method. The simulation results showed that the interface temperature could be directly controlled by controlling the welding power.