bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convenção 169: a espacialidade como resposta política emancipatória aos ataques contra povos e comunidades tradicionais
Authors: Rebouças Fádia
Published: July 2023

Em 27 de abril de 2021, foi apresentado – na Câmara dos Deputados – o Projeto de Decreto Legislativo (PDL) nº 177/2021, cujo objetivo é autorizar a renúncia da Convenção nº 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) pelo Brasil. A proposta de renúncia suscita um debate amplo no que tange à necessidade de afirmação e consolidação dos avanços – também simbólicos – que representam a ratificação pelo Brasil desse importante tratado internacional de direitos humanos. Trata-se, pois, de um debate tanto político quanto espacial, que evoca saberes transdisciplinares e desemboca na esfera do conhecimento, do saber e do viver tradicional. O texto que segue apresenta um debate sobre as justificativas presentes no documento mal elaborado e fragilmente fundamentado que compõe o referido PDL e traz luz à argumentação oculta, que coaduna com o atual projeto político orquestrado pelo governo federal e acompanhado pelo poder legislativo, representado por retrocessos no reconhecimento e garantia de direitos e violência sobre Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais (PCTs). Acompanha o debate o aporte conceitual que desemboca na emergência da questão espacial e emancipatória como política e na construção de política pública a partir das espacialidades.
“Lá no alto se canta o tempo inteiro”: canto, escuta e ressonância no modo de vida Guarani Mbya.
Authors: Abel Renata Andriolo
Published: July 2023

Este artigo tem como eixo a percepção dos kyringue mborai, cantos das crianças Guarani Mbya, como uma chave dos processos de ensinar, aprender e conhecer e, portanto, da (trans)formação da pessoa guarani. Isso reverbera em uma atenção especial ao corpo e, igualmente, aos processos de sensibilização que o constituem, perspectivados a partir da noção de aprender a escutar/sentir (-endu). O aprimoramento do campo sensível parece ocorrer conforme os cantos reverberam/ressoam no corpo, o que leva à compreensão de que fazer sentido é, antes que entender racionalmente um significado, fazer sentir. Por fim, o cantar (para ser escutado) surge como um modo particular de fazer durar tanto a vida na Terra quanto a Terra mesma.
Tanga: imagologia literária de uma cidade africana
Authors: Correa Silvio Marcus de Souza
Published: July 2023

A partir de uma abordagem multidisciplinar da obra literária Cidade Cruel, do escritor Mongo Beti, a morfologia urbana de uma África colonial sugere uma análise comparativa entre os seus aspectos etno-históricos e sociológicos com “imago-tipos” de uma cidade ficcional. Com base na imagologia literária de Tanga, busca-se demonstrar como aportes dos estudos culturais e da crítica literária podem dialogar com teorias das ciências sociais coetâneas do romance publicado em 1954. Em termos metodológicos, partiu-se de “imago-tipos” da sociedade urbana de Tanga para analisá-los de acordo com o imaginário ocidental e o contexto africano dos meados do século XX. Textos de etnologia (Leiris, 1951), sociologia (Balandier, 1951) e psicologia (Mannoni, 1950) foram imprescindíveis para aproximar literatura africana e ciências sociais francesas da época e perceber o balbuciar de uma mirada anticolonial tanto na narrativa ficcional quanto no discurso científico.
Lições de deslocamentos: ensinando política indígena e colonialismo de ocupação na ciência política
Authors: Soares Leonardo Barros , Moita Yasmin Nascimento , Nancy D. Wadsworth
Published: July 2023

A história e a política indígena são cruciais e entrelaçadas com a história e a política de várias, senão a vasta maioria, das nações contemporâneas. No entanto, o tópico da política indígena e do colonialismo de ocupação raramente são lecionadas nos cursos de graduação em ciências políticas. Este artigo sublinha a utilidade pedagógica de um curso no nível de graduação focado na política e história indígenas, abordadas por meio de um esquema comparativo de políticas raciais. O curso no qual este artigo é baseado aborda o poder estatal e os direitos indígenas nos Estados Unidos, Austrália e América Latina em seus contextos históricos; no entanto, diversas outras variações são possíveis. O artigo revisita o contexto para o desenvolvimento do curso, os desafios relacionados ao ensino desta disciplina, e meus principais objetivos como docente. Depois, sublinha três estratégias pedagógicas aplicáveis em outras estruturas curriculares e discute consequências positivas do aprendizado observados enquanto eu refino esta área de ensino.
Trânsitos, utopias e subversões antropológicas
Authors: Varjão João Victtor Gomes , Gómez Mateus Diana Paola
Published: July 2023

O primeiro número do volume 32 da Revista Cadernos de Campo, a revista de alunas, alunos e alunes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade de São Paulo (PPGAS/USP), reúne um importante conjunto de produções antropológicas contemporâneas. Neste volume, apresentamos o dossiê Imagens Urbanas em Contextos Africanos organizado por Bruna Triana, Inácio Dias de Andrade e João Pedro Rangel Gomes da Silva (2023).  Neste dossiê, os organizadores buscaram agregar trabalhos que reimaginassem práticas e representações imagéticas e urbanas do continente africano. Por meio da articulação entre dois campos principais - o visual e o urbano -, o objetivo foi o de reunir pesquisas que tensionem discursos, imaginários, representações, figurações e políticas sensoriais em torno de diferentes cidades africanas. Nesse sentido, como afirmam os organizadores na apresentação do dossiê (2023), buscou-se (re)imaginar e problematizar a vida social, a arte, a política e a cidade colonial e pós-colonial, bem como seus trânsitos, suas utopias e suas subversões, em dimensões práticas, políticas, estéticas e sensoriais. O dossiê reúne artigos, ensaios fotográficos e traduções.
Dr. Congo
Authors: Souza Maicon Melito de
Published: July 2023

Este conto trata de um causo relacionado ao campus de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo.
Entre formigas e cigarras: manifestações do trabalho e a forma do romance urbano em Caminhos cruzados, de Erico Verissimo
Authors: Gonçalves Giovana Proença
Published: July 2023

Este artigo visa focalizar o trabalho como aspecto essencial do romance Caminhos cruzados (1935), de Erico Verissimo. As relações trabalhistas atuam tanto como temática, evidente no primeiro plano da obra, quanto como elemento formal unificador da narrativa. Em termos estéticos, as relações de trabalho e suas tensões amarram os personagens da trama em uma intrincada teia, representativa dos estratos sociais presentes na Porto Alegre em ascensão urbana. Com isso, buscamos também analisar os papéis sociais da pequena burguesia e de seus dependentes da classe trabalhadora dentro do cenário urbano, intrínseco à realidade de uma jovem nação periférica. Para isso, empregamos a fortuna crítica sobre Erico Verissimo, além dos numerosos depoimentos do autor acerca de seu projeto literário. Buscamos também comparar Caminhos cruzados a outras obras do período, como Parque Industrial (1932), de Patrícia Galvão e os romances norte-americanos, admirados pelo autor por se concentrarem nos problemas de seu local e tempo histórico. Nossa análise pretende, a partir da leitura cerrada de trechos, evidenciar a alienação e as irreconciliáveis relações de classe e trabalho presentes no livro, em constante tensão com a tentativa de unificação do romance e com os caminhos que insistem em se cruzar.
A arte de desperdiçar oportunidades
Authors: Fuente Jenifer Ianof de la
Published: July 2023

Conto de Jenifer Ianof.
A leitura e a figura do leitor na literatura de Machado de Assis: pontes para o letramento literário
Authors: Anunciação Everton Alexandre Carneiro , Barros Flávia Aninger de
Published: July 2023

O presente trabalho visa analisar a figura do leitor em contos de Machado de Assis, com o intuito de compreender como o leitor é entendido na literatura machadiana e, assim, pensar possíveis caminhos para o letramento literário de estudantes da Educação Básica. Inicialmente, realizamos uma breve análise sobre a formação leitora no Brasil. Em seguida, refletimos sobre a relação texto, autor e leitor, a formação subjetiva dos leitores e analisamos diferentes perfis de leitores presentes em três contos machadianos: Miss Dollar; Linha reta, linha curva; Ex Cathedra. Por fim, fizemos algumas considerações críticas sobre a formação do leitor literário em sala de aula e o processo de letramento literário. Como base teórica para a compreensão do leitor e do letramento literário, recorremos a Jouve (2002), Cosson (2021), Rouxel (2013) e Langlade (2013). Para os estudos do leitor nos contos machadianos nos apoiamos em Guimarães (2012) e Zilberman (1996). Assim, foi possível perceber a consciência do escritor no que diz respeito à participação ativa do leitor no processo de leitura, como construtor dos sentidos da obra; o caráter subjetivo da atividade leitora; as muitas facetas dos sujeitos leitores; e a leitura como instrumento de construção dos indivíduos.
Nossa literatura é a literatura mais influente do mundo
Authors: Górki Maksím , Villaça Davi
Published: July 2023

Tradução do discurso de Maksím Górki no Segundo Plenário do Conselho da União dos Escritores Soviéticos, em 7 de março de 1935.
Loss of the Atrial Fibrillation-Related Gene,
Zfhx3
, Results in Atrial Dilation and Arrhythmias
Authors: Jameson Heather S. , Hanley Alan , Hill Matthew C. , Xiao Ling , Ye Jiangchuan , Bapat Aneesh , Ronzier Elsa , Hall Amelia Weber , Hucker William J. , Clauss Sebastian , Barazza Miranda , Silber Elizabeth , Mina Julie A. , Tucker Nathan R. , Mills Robert W. , Dong Jin-Tang , Milan David J. , Ellinor Patrick T.
Published: July 2023

Background:

ZFHX3
(zinc finger homeobox 3), a gene that encodes a large transcription factor, is at the second-most significantly associated locus with atrial fibrillation (AF), but its function in the heart is unknown. This study aims to identify causative genetic variation related to AF at the
ZFHX3
locus and examine the impact of
Zfhx3
loss on cardiac function in mice.

Methods:

CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase assays in pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes were used to identify causative genetic variation related to AF at the
ZFHX3
locus. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, electrophysiology studies, calcium imaging, and RNA sequencing in mice with heterozygous and homozygous cardiomyocyte-restricted
Zfhx3
loss (
Zfhx3
Het and knockout, respectively). Human cardiac single-nucleus ATAC (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin)-sequencing data was analyzed to determine which genes in atrial cardiomyocytes are directly regulated by
ZFHX3
.

Results:

We found single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12931021 modulates an enhancer regulating
ZFHX3
expression, and the AF risk allele is associated with decreased
ZFHX3
transcription. We observed a gene-dose response in AF susceptibility with Zfhx3 knockout mice having higher incidence, frequency, and burden of AF than
Zfhx3
Het and wild-type mice, with alterations in conduction velocity, atrial action potential duration, calcium handling and the development of atrial enlargement and thrombus, and dilated cardiomyopathy.
Zfhx3
loss results in atrial-specific differential effects on genes and signaling pathways involved in cardiac pathophysiology and AF.

Conclusions:

Our findings implicate
ZFHX3
as the causative gene at the 16q22 locus for AF, and cardiac abnormalities caused by loss of cardiac
Zfhx3
are due to atrial-specific dysregulation of pathways involved in AF susceptibility. Together, these data reveal a novel and important role for
Zfhx3
in the control of cardiac genes and signaling pathways essential for normal atrial function.
Insights Into the Role of Angiotensin-II AT
1
Receptor-Dependent β-Arrestin Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Mathieu Natalia M. , Nakagawa Pablo , Grobe Justin L. , Sigmund Curt D.
Published: July 2023

β-arrestins are a family of intracellular signaling proteins that play a key role in regulating the activity of G protein-coupled receptors. The angiotensin-II type 1 receptor is an important G protein-coupled receptor involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function and has been implicated in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. In addition to canonical G protein signaling, G protein-coupled receptors including the angiotensin-II type 1 receptor can signal via β-arrestin. Dysregulation of β-arrestin signaling has been linked to several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Understanding the role of β-arrestins in these conditions is critical to provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will discuss the beneficial and maladaptive physiological outcomes of angiotensin-II type 1 receptor-dependent β-arrestin activation in different cardiovascular diseases.
Isoflurane Conditioning‐Induced Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Protection in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage—Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Liu Meizi , Jayaraman Keshav , Norris Aaron J. , Hussein Ahmed , Nelson James W. , Mehla Jogender , Diwan Deepti , Vellimana Ananth , Abu‐Amer Yousef , Zipfel Gregory J. , Athiraman Umeshkumar
Published: July 2023

Background

Recent evidence implicates inflammation as a key driver in delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of the known major mediators of inflammation. We previously showed that an inhalational anesthetic, isoflurane, provides strong protection against delayed cerebral ischemia after SAH. Our current study aims to define the role of iNOS in isoflurane conditioning‐induced protection against delayed cerebral ischemia in a mouse model of SAH.

Methods and Results

The experiments used 10‐ to 14‐week‐old male wild‐type (C57BL/6) and iNOS global knockout mice. Anesthetic conditioning was initiated 1 hour after SAH with isoflurane 2% for 1 hour. Isoflurane‐induced changes in iNOS expression were measured. N‐(3‐(aminomethyl) benzyl) acetamidine, a highly selective iNOS inhibitor, was injected intraperitoneally immediately after SAH and then daily. Vasospasm, microvessel thrombosis, and neurological assessment was performed. Data were analyzed by 1‐way ANOVA and 2‐way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Student Newman Keuls comparison test. Statistical significance was set at
P
<0.05. Isoflurane conditioning downregulated iNOS expression in naïve and SAH mice. N‐(3‐(aminomethyl) benzyl) acetamidine attenuated large artery vasospasm and microvessel thrombosis and improved neurological deficits in wild‐type animals. iNOS knockout mice were significantly resistant to vasospasm, microvessel thrombosis, and neurological deficits induced by SAH. Combining isoflurane with N‐(3‐(aminomethyl) benzyl) acetamidine did not offer extra protection, nor did treating iNOS knockout mice with isoflurane.

Conclusions

Isoflurane conditioning‐induced delayed cerebral ischemia protection appears to be mediated by downregulating iNOS. iNOS is a potential therapeutic target to improve outcomes after SAH.
The Optional Protocol to the icescr, Homelessness and Moral Hazard: The Alternative Adequate Housing Requirement in the cescr’s Jurisprudence – an Incentive Not to Pay for Housing?
Authors: Vols Michel
Published: July 2023

Over 75 per cent of the jurisprudence under the op-icescr deals with the right to housing as laid down in Article 11 of the icescr. States parties should provide adequate alternative housing after evictions. However, this far-reaching requirement may lead to moral hazard. The study presents a new understanding of the adverse effects of extensive protection, such as universal eviction protection, which may cause strategic defaults. The study suggests that a restrictive and reasonable interpretation of Article 11 icescr may reduce the incentive for defaults but may not prevent land-grabbing or squatting.
General comment No. 26 (2022) on Land and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Authors: _ _
Published: July 2023

Secure and equitable access to, use of and control over land can have direct and indirect implications for the enjoyment of a range of rights enshrined in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (the Covenant or icescr). The present general comment is aimed at clarifying States’ obligations relating to the impact of access to, use of and control over land on the enjoyment of the rights enshrined in the Covenant, especially for the most disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups. Thus, it is aimed at clarifying the specific obligations contained in the Covenant that relate to land, particularly in the context of the rights enshrined in articles 1–3, 11, 12 and 15.
2. Varieties of Performing
Authors: Haring Lee
Published: July 2023

Chapter 2 benefits from a larger corpus collected over several years by Noël J. Gueunier and his collaborator Madjidhoubi Said. Numerous versions of Africa’s most widespread folktale, the defiant girl who marries a monster in human disguise, reinforce the importance of making a proper marriage. The popularity of the tale, in many versions in a small island, show performers varying it in tone and borrowing elements from other tales. One version is totally politicized. Other adaptations change the wife from victim into a potent folktale heroine. Narrators also tell about the trickster Bwanawasi (note his Swahili name), use semi-autobiography or familiar names and places to keep their hearers engaged, perform a classic French fairytale, or create stories of their own parodying traditional models or even cinema thrillers. In such a dominated society, parody is a prime tool for reappropriating inherited or borrowed materials. That is the style of creolization, the process whereby people in situations of unequal power renegotiate language and culture and create new art, music, and literature.
5. Having It All
Authors: Auspos Patricia
Published: July 2023

Among these five couples, Lucy Sprague Mitchell (1878-1967) and Wesley Clair Mitchell (1874-1948) most successfully combined professional accomplishments with a fulfilling marriage and a rich family life. When they married in 1912, they left their jobs at the University of California at Berkeley, and moved to New York City, which offered more professional opportunities for Lucy. A brilliant teacher and gifted administrator, Lucy became a pioneering force in the progressive education movement. She founded and led the organization that became the celebrated Bank Street College of Education. Wesley, one of the foremost economists of his generation, helped to develop the science of national statistics and launched and directed the National Bureau of Economic Research. They had four children, two of whom were adopted.

Finding the right balance of marriage, work, and family involved much trial and error and frequent recalibration on both Lucy’s and Wesley’s part. Lucy did most of the childcare (with the help of many servants), but Wesley did more than most men of his era, and decided not to take one particular job because he felt it would take too great a toll on his family. Eager to show that wives and mothers can have careers when their husbands support their efforts and help to raise their children, Lucy published Two Lives, The Story of Wesley Clair Mitchell and Myself, in 1953, five years after Wesley’s death. Her message – as relevant today as it was in the 1950s – was that both wives and husbands need to adopt new behaviors to make such marriages work.

Determined to have careers, both Lucy and Beatrice rejected prevalent stereotypes of masculinity and romantic love and made calculated, “rational” choices about whom to marry. Like Beatrice, Lucy came from a privileged background, married a man outside her social class, and used her inherited wealth to support their lifestyle. Like Beatrice, it took her years to appreciate that the man she initially found too weak and passive was a tower of quiet strength and a model husband for an ambitious woman.

Like Sidney, Wesley supported his wife’s career with ongoing, ungrudging, unambiguous enthusiasm. As a result, neither Lucy nor Beatrice suffered the marital pressure – or the guilt – that made it so difficult for Alice and Grace to maintain their independent careers. Nor did they experience the intellectual and emotional isolation that undermined Elsie’s marriage. In the end, both Beatrice and Lucy felt richly rewarded for the unconventional choices they made.
An Appreciation of a Giant in Orofacial Sciences Research—John Greenspan
Authors: Challacombe S.J. , Klein O.D.
Published: July 2023

Professor John S. Greenspan died on March 31, 2023. He was a renowned and accomplished academic, dentist/scientist, pathologist, and administrator who made sustained and significant international impacts on numerous fields over half a century. John was arguably best known for his work with his wife, Dr. Deborah Greenspan, on the oral aspects of AIDS and the role of viruses in oral epithelial and salivary gland lesions. He had a lifelong interest in Sjögren’s syndrome, culminating in the leadership of the Sjögren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance. He was also widely recognized as one of the leading investigators into the understanding of oral mucosal diseases, including recurrent aphthous stomatitis. He and his colleagues’ major contributions to HIV research and care included the discovery of the oral lesion “hairy leukoplakia,” its etiological association with Epstein–Barr virus, and other oral lesions in the natural history of HIV disease. In recent years, John turned his attention to global oral health inequalities, helping to establish the International Association for Dental Research’s Global Oral Health Inequalities Research Network and serving as its first president. He led many organizations with humble authority, knowledge, wit, and wisdom and mentored colleagues from all over the world, especially from lower- and middle-income countries. John leaves a very special legacy based on example and scientific curiosity, and his work has not only made a lasting impact on his colleagues but also translated to abiding benefit for patients.
Fibulin-1 Regulates Initiation of Successional Dental Lamina
Authors: Li G. , Li Q. , Shen Z. , Lin X. , Li X. , Wang J. , Zhao B. , Feng Y. , Feng L. , Guo W. , Hu L. , Wang J. , Zhang C. , Fan Z. , Wang S. , Wu X.
Published: July 2023

In humans, teeth are replaced only once, and the successional dental lamina (SDL) of the permanent tooth is maintained in a quiescent state until adolescence. Recently, we showed that biomechanical stress generated by the rapid growth of the deciduous tooth inhibits SDL development via integrin β1–RUNX2 signaling at embryonic day 60 (E60) in miniature pigs. However, the mechanism by which RUNX2 regulates SDL initiation within the SDL stem cell niche remains unclear. In the current study, we transcriptionally profiled single cells from SDL and surrounding mesenchyme at E60 and identified the landscape of cellular heterogeneity. We then identified a specific fibroblast subtype in the dental follicle mesenchyme between the deciduous tooth and the SDL of the permanent tooth (DFDP), which constitutes the inner part of the niche (deciduous tooth side). Compared with traditional dental follicle cells, the specific expression profile of DFDP was identified and found to be related to biomechanical stress. Subsequently, we found that RUNX2 could bind to the enhancer regions of Fbln1 (gene of fibulin-1), one of the marker genes for DFDP. Through gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we proved that the biomechanical stress–mediated RUNX2–fibulin-1 axis inhibits the initiation of SDL by maintaining SDL niche homeostasis.
The Impact of Negative Reviews on Online Search and Purchase Decisions
Authors: Varga Marton , Albuquerque Paulo
Published: July 2023

Despite evidence indicating the significant influence of online reviews on purchase decisions, even after considering a product's average rating ( Vana and Lambrecht 2021 ), the underlying factors behind this effect and the broader impact of reviews on consumer decision making remain uncertain. This study uses clickstream data from a major online retailer to explore how negative reviews affect consumer search and purchase decisions. Leveraging exogenous variation created by the display of online reviews sorted by recency, the authors find that negative reviews significantly reduce a product's purchase probability because they (1) contrast with the often-high average product rating, (2) decrease the probability that consumers continue browsing for information about the focal product, (3) increase the probability of visiting the page of substitute products, and (4) increase the probability of viewing reviews about substitute products. Importantly, these effects apply to utilitarian products but not hedonic products and when reviews pertain to product functionality or customer service but not to taste-related factors. The authors estimate a product's vulnerability to negative reviews along two dimensions—purchase and search probability for substitutes—and display these effects on a two-dimensional map.
Limited Tools for Emancipation? Human Rights and Border Abolition
Authors: Perolini Marco
Published: July 2023

Human rights often fall short of challenging oppression because they are enmeshed with conservative institutions, such as the law and the state. Despite these shortcomings, grassroots organisations contesting border regimes in Berlin often make use of human rights in their everyday mobilisation. They engage in autonomous forms of mobilisation outside the state and construct non-legal notions of human rights that are emancipatory for racialised migrants. However, these same organisations also address demands to state authorities by using legal notions of human rights. In this article, I draw on the framework focusing on abolition and non-reformist reforms, which have been developed by activists and scholars in their resistance to policing and the Prison-Industrial Complex. I innovatively extend its use to propose a nuanced understanding of grassroots approaches to human rights. Specifically, I argue that these approaches entail the concurrent pursuit of short-term reformist reforms and border abolition.
Writing the Latin American city: Trajectories of urban scholarship
Authors: Ortiz Catalina
Published: July 2023

Scholarship on urban Latin America is prolific and multifaceted. The region not only is the most urbanised in the world but also the most unequal. This distinctive feature makes it rich and relevant for urban theory-making. This essay introduces a Virtual Special Issue (VSI) on urban studies in Latin America that showcases a selection of articles from the journal’s archives from the mid-1970s to the present. It aims to locate urban studies scholarship in/about the region in the context of democratisation struggles and their urban implications. On the one hand, it traces the intellectual trajectories of some key urban debates bringing attention to their disciplinary, methodological and theoretical underpinnings. The VSI identifies four well-established strands: (1) Disputes around local governance; (2) Anatomy of uneven urbanisation; (3) Housing provision landscapes and infrastructural assemblages; and (4) Economic geographies and variegated gentrifications. On the other hand, it delineates a broad picture of the emergent debates and thematic, methodological and geographical absences in the pages of this journal. Through this analysis, the editorial concludes by identifying some potentially productive future directions for research.
The “Multimodal Spiral”: Rethinking the Communication Curriculum at an English as a Medium of Instruction Institution
Authors: Overstreet Matthew , Carbonell Curtis , Akhmedjanova Diana
Published: July 2023

The rise of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) threatens to upend traditional teaching and learning practices. Writing, speaking, and communication instruction will all need to evolve. This article presents a case study of one institution's efforts to design and implement a communication curriculum responsive to the unique demands of the EMI environment. The curriculum proposed enacts an interdisciplinary, multimodal approach to the teaching of communication. We discuss the specifics of the curriculum, the process of its creation, the principles underlying it, and how these principles play out in practice. In doing so, we hope to provide a model both for global communication instruction and future curricular design efforts.
Herbaria as manuscripts: Philology, ethnobotany, and the textual–visual mesh of early modern botany
Authors: Dietz Bettina
Published: July 2023

While interest in early modern herbaria has so far mainly concentrated on the dried plants stored in them, this paper addresses another of their qualities – their role as manuscripts. In the 1670s, the German botanist Paul Hermann (1646–95) spent several years in Ceylon (today Sri Lanka) as a medical officer in the service of the Dutch East India Company. During his stay he put together four herbaria, two of which contain a wealth of handwritten notes by himself and several later owners. First, it will be shown that these notes provide information on the linguistic skills and interests of those who collected plants in an overseas trading settlement. Hermann’s botanical practice demanded and, at the same time, generated knowledge of Sinhalese (an Indo-Aryan language that is spoken by the largest ethnic group on the island) and its script. In his herbarium, observations on the semantics, morphology, and pronunciation of Sinhalese are inextricably intertwined with those of botanical nature. Second, on the basis of these voluminous notes, the character of early modern herbaria as manuscripts will be highlighted. And third, Hermann’s herbaria will be integrated into an investigation of scribal practices and publication strategies of eighteenth-century botany. Along with field notes, letters, manuscripts, illustrations, and printed books, herbaria were knots in the textual–visual mesh of early modern botany.
Perceptions of causes and treatment of mental illness among traditional health practitioners in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Galvin Michael , Chiwaye Lesley , Moolla Aneesa
Published: July 2023

Mental disorders are among the most poorly treated illnesses in sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that 70%–80% of South Africans consult traditional health practitioners for the treatment of psychological ailments. As traditional health practitioners maintain a strong role in assessing and treating patients with mental illness in this context, this study contributes to the burgeoning research literature on the topic. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 traditional health practitioners in Johannesburg, South Africa, between January and May 2022. Interviews were transcribed and translated into English. The data were managed using NVivo 12 software and thematically analysed. Traditional health practitioners interviewed generally perceived mental illness to be of supernatural causation, either as a result of bewitchment, a calling for patients to become THPs themselves, due to displeased ancestors, or due to natural causes. Traditional health practitioners identified eight primary treatments that they use for treating mental illness. Among these were throwing of bones ( tinhlolo) to start communicating with ancestors, steaming ( ukufutha) to start a cleansing process, sneezing ( umbhemiso) to forcefully dispel the spirit causing the illness, induced vomiting ( phalaza), and the administration of laxatives ( mahlabekufeni) to remove the spirits poisoning the body as well as animal sacrifice to purge spirits and communicate with ancestors. This is all followed by cutting ( ukucaba), which is the final part of the treatment and ensures that the evil spirit cannot return. Due to the ubiquity of traditional health practitioner usage for mental illness in sub-Saharan Africa, it is essential to understand what conceptions traditional health practitioners have of the aetiology of these disorders as well as their modalities for administering treatment.
Prevalence and correlates of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among women aged 18-25 in Turkey
Authors: Turan Ayşenur , Güler Kaya İffet , Çakır Hilal Başak , Topaloğlu Seçil
Published: July 2023

Objective

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are experienced in the luteal phase among women of reproductive age and are known to affect quality of life. This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of PMS and PMDD in women aged 18‐25 in Turkey.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and May 2023, which recruited 1125 female college students. A personal information form, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) were administered. Participants who met criteria for PMS during three consecutive menstrual cycles based on the ACOG and PMSS scores were diagnosed as having PMS. Participants who met the criteria for PMDD during three consecutive menstrual cycles based on the DSM-V were diagnosed as having PMDD. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine correlates of PMS and PMDD.

Findings

PMS was found in 49.2% and PMDD in 48.0% of the participants. Women having a blood group type B compared to those with blood group type A were more likely to have PMS (OR = 151.8, 95% CI = 54.5-422.6). In addition, women with PMS were less likely to be physically active based on the metabolic equivalent of task score (OR = 0.99, 95% CI= 0.98-0.99). Menstrual cycle duration was also longer among those with PMDD (OR = 1.47, 95% CI= 1.25-1.72), as was daily caffeine intake (OR = 1.01, 95% CI= 1.00-1.01). PMDD score was also found to be associated with major depressive disorder (OR = 1.06,95% = 1.05-1.07).

Conclusions

PMS and PMDD among young women in Turkey were associated with blood groups, MET scores, and other clinical characteristics that may help clinicians to identify these conditions.
The effects of community interventions on unplanned healthcare use in patients with multimorbidity: a systematic review
Authors: Wasan Tavleen , Hayhoe Benedict , Cicek Meryem , Lammila-Escalera Elena , Nicholls Dasha , Majeed Azeem , Greenfield Geva
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To summarise the impact of community-based interventions for multimorbid patients on unplanned healthcare use. The prevalence of multimorbidity (co-existence of multiple chronic conditions) is rapidly increasing and affects one-third of the global population. Patients with multimorbidity have complex healthcare needs and greater unplanned healthcare usage. Community-based interventions allow for continued care of patients outside hospitals, but few studies have explored the effects of these interventions on unplanned healthcare usage.

Design

A systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library online databases were searched. Studies were screened and underwent risk of bias assessment. Data were synthesised using narrative synthesis.

Setting

Community-based interventions.

Participants

Patients with multimorbidity.

Main outcome measures

Unplanned healthcare usage.

Results

Thirteen studies, including a total of 6148 participants, were included. All included studies came from high-income settings and had elderly populations. All studies measured emergency department attendances as their primary outcome. Risk of bias was generally low. Most community interventions were multifaceted with emphasis on education, self-monitoring of symptoms and regular follow-ups. Four studies looked at improved care coordination, advance care planning and palliative care. All 13 studies found a decrease in emergency department visits post-intervention with risk reduction ranging from 0 (95% confidencec interval [CI]: –0.37 to 0.37) to 0.735 (95% CI: 0.688–0.785).

Conclusions

Community-based interventions have potential to reduce emergency department visits in patients with multimorbidity. Identification of specific successful components of interventions was challenging given the overlaps between interventions. Policymakers should recognise the importance of community interventions and aim to integrate aspects of these into existing healthcare structures. Future research should investigate the impact of such interventions with broader participant characteristics.
Behavior Management Training for Newly Graduated Teachers: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
Authors: McGuire Stacy N. , Meadan Hedda , Xia Yan
Published: July 2023

Students who engage in challenging behavior should receive preventive and intervening supports and services in general education settings based on their individual needs. These supports are necessary for students to be successful in school, yet preservice teachers receive limited education and training in both classroom and behavior management. As such, the purposes of this study were to identify the effects of an online behavior management training on newly graduated elementary education teachers immediately after completing their teacher preparation programs and to explore their perceptions regarding the training. A randomized-controlled trial was used, with 39 participants in the intervention group and 44 participants in the waitlist-control group. Results indicated participants in the intervention group showed a statistically significant increase in both knowledge and self-efficacy compared with participants in the waitlist-control group, and insignificant gains in their ability to analyze the use of behavior management strategies. Participants reported feeling the training was highly effective and were eager to implement the strategies with their future students.
Smallpox Under the Raj: Resistance Policies and the Indigenous Response in Colonial Malabar, 1800–1900
Authors: Palanki Satheesh
Published: July 2023

This paper explores British efforts to combat smallpox in Malabar from 1800 to 1900 ce. Despite intense efforts, smallpox persisted due to fractured state policies, native resistance and public apathy. Epidemics such as smallpox, cholera, malaria and fevers posed serious threats to British colonial efforts in the Indian subcontinent, hindering colonial expansion. Smallpox, in particular, was prevalent throughout much of the region, including South India, for centuries. In Malabar, which was part of the Madras Presidency, the prevalence of smallpox presented significant challenges to the British during their colonial expedition, lasting well into the twentieth century. To sustain their rule, the British were compelled to implement several policies to combat the epidemic. British Malabar, one of the districts of Madras Presidency located on India’s western coast, had been rocked by the persistence of contagious diseases in the region. 1 Smallpox caused millions of deaths and was considered one of the most severe and virulent of the diseases, responsible for more victims than all other diseases combined. Survivors often experienced disfigurement, therefore, it held a unique place in Indian and British attitudes towards disease, treatment and prevention. 2 It was intertwined with religious beliefs and rituals. However, scholarly works on smallpox are limited in Malabar during the British colonial period. 3 Vaccination was considered the most benevolent part of the European medicine under the civilizing mission in India.
The association between intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass power and complications after cardiac surgery
Authors: Hui Victor , Ho Kwok M , Hahn Rebecca , Wright Brian , Larbalestier Robert , Pavey Warren
Published: July 2023

Background

Low cardiac power (product of flow and pressure) has been shown to be associated with mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction, but has not been studied in cardiac surgical patients. This study’s hypothesis was that cardiac power during cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery would have a greater association with adverse events than either flow or MAP (mean arterial pressure) alone.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective observational study using patient data from February 2015 to March 2022 undergoing cardiac surgery at Fiona Stanley Hospital in Perth Australia. Excluded were patient age less than 18 years old, patients undergoing thoracic transplantation, ventricular assist devices, off pump cardiac surgery and aortic surgery. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of 30-days mortality, stroke or new-onset renal insufficiency.

Results

Overall, 1984 cardiac surgeries were included in the analysis. Neither duration nor area below thresholds tested for power, MAP or flow was associated with the primary composite outcome. However, we found that an area below MAP thresholds 35–50 mmHg was associated with new renal insufficiency (adjusted odds ratio 1.17 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.35] for patients spending 10 min at 10 mmHg below 50 mmHg MAP compared to those who did not).

Conclusions

This study suggests that MAP during cardiopulmonary bypass, but not power or flow, was an independent risk factor for adverse renal outcomes for cardiac surgical patients.
Perceived Income Inequality, Trust, and Consumers’ Ethical Judgments
Authors: Chowdhury Rafi M. M. I.
Published: July 2023

Research related to consumers’ ethical judgments has generally neglected the effects of psycho-social variables (variables with both social and personal psychological components), e.g., perceived income inequality and subjective socio-economic status. In order to address this gap, an online survey of 373 US consumers was conducted to examine relationships between perceived income inequality and judgments regarding unethical and prosocial consumer actions. The mediating role of trust (general distrust of others and distrust of corporations) and moderating role of subjective socio-economic status were examined. Moderated mediation analyses demonstrated that the effects of perceived income inequality on consumers’ ethical judgments were mediated by distrust of corporations (but not by general distrust of others), for consumers who had higher subjective socio-economic status. These novel findings related to the effects of distrust of corporations highlight that, in order to explain consumers’ ethical judgments, it is essential to focus on trust relationships between consumers and other participants in the marketing system. Perceived income inequality erodes trust within marketing systems leading to negative effects on consumers’ ethical judgments. These effects are paradoxically only evident among consumers with higher subjective socio-economic status. Findings contribute to the macromarketing literature on marketing systems, marketing ethics, sustainable consumption, and distributive justice.
The Role of Corporate Workplace Inclusivity Policies, Brand Equity, and Innovation Intensity in Firm Profitability: A Moderated Mediational Approach
Authors: Rahman Mahabubur , Rodríguez-Serrano M. Ángeles , Shimul Anwar Sadat , Faroque Anisur R.
Published: July 2023

Firms are increasingly adopting pro-lesbian, -gay, -bisexual, -transgender, inclusivity and diversity (LGBT-ID) policies for workforce management. This study develops a parsimonious, albeit complex, moderated-mediated framework by employing a panel dataset combining data from archival sources and involving a sample of predominantly large and publicly held firms from the USA between 2002 and 2018. The number of observations varied across variables with a minimum of 414 observations (corporate brand equity) and a maximum of 3,566 observations (self-reported LGBT-ID policy). This treatise demonstrates that adopting LGBT-ID policies positively impacts firms’ profitability. Moreover, pro-LGBT-ID policies during this specific period have a positive effect on corporate brand equity, which in turn affects firm profitability, indicating that brand equity plays a mediating role in the nexus between pro-LGBT-ID policies and firms’ financial performance. Furthermore, innovation intensity strengthens the relationship between pro-LGBT-ID policies and brand equity during the sample period of the study.
Fuzzy Inference Model for Railway Track Buckling Prediction
Authors: Słodczyk Iwo , Fletcher David , Gitman Inna , Whitney Brian
Published: July 2023

The application of rail buckling models is often limited by uncertain information with respect to track properties, and many conventional models are poorly suited to network-wide or even regional application. Here, a methodology using fuzzy sets is presented that, when trained using buckling data can use inputs of track properties to predict the minimum buckling temperature increase for a particular track. An investigation of the impact of the size of training data and the influence of key track parameters on the minimum buckling temperature increase was conducted, and it was found that a high level of influence stems from the sleeper spacing and fastener torsional resistance parameters. The model was shown to give a low prediction error even for small dataset sizes of training data. The results of this work show the efficacy of a fuzzy sets based model when applied to track buckling prediction data, giving both a low error and rapid calculation times. The approach has potential for application for a wider array of variables, such as track geometry and vehicle dynamics, and is not limited to the study of track buckling owing to the flexibility of the fuzzy inference methodology.