bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Quality Nursing Care Scale (QNCS-T)
Authors: Mukadder MOLLAOĞLU , Gülden BASİT , Serpil SU , Yasemin BOY
Published: October 2024

Objective Nursing care is a unique and indispensable concept for nursing that includes helping to meet the needs of an individual or a group of individuals offered by nurses. This study is aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Quality Nursing Care Scale (QNCS-T). Materials and Methods The methodological approach employed in this study spanned from April 25, 2021, to May 5, 2021, and enlisted the participation of 347 nurses. Data collection was executed utilizing a “Personal Information Form” and the “Quality Nursing Care Scale (QNCS).” The research comprised two phases: Phase 1 involved the adaptation of the scale, while Phase 2 focused on determining construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed through measures of internal consistency and item-total correlation coefficients. Results and Discussion The adaptation phase yielded affirmative outcomes, affirming the linguistic and content validation of the Turkish version of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a highly favorable fit for a sixfactor model. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the entire scale was determined to be 0.93, attesting to its strong internal consistency. Conclusion The Turkish version of the Quality Nursing Scale showed consistently good psychometric properties of reliability and validity.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 1075-1082
Analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in lower respiratory tract samples at a university hospital: 5 year data
Authors: DAVARCI İsmail , ALDI Feza İrem , ELMASLAR MERT Habibe Tülin
Published: October 2024

Objectives Patients with reported Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) growth in lower respiratory tract samples were investigated. The results of these patients were assessed by clinicians as either infection or colonization. The data of patients considered to have S. maltophilia infection were compared to those considered to have colonization to explore factors associated with infection. Methods Parameters including as age, length of hospital stay, duration of S. maltophilia growth after hospital admission, sex, unit, department, specimen type, mechanical ventilation treatment status, antimicrobial susceptibility results, comorbidities, survival, and antimicrobials used during the period from hospital admission to S. maltophilia growth were investigated. Additionally, some biochemical parameters that were examined include the day of hospital admission, the day of sample collection when the bacterium was isolated (±1 day), and the day of discharge/died. Results The infection group had a significantly higher rate of admissions to internal medical departments and more cases of discharge/died. The infection group showed a lower amount of aminoglycoside antibiotic usage and significantly higher levels of BUN, creatinine, neutrophils, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on their day of discharge/died. Conclusion Being admitted to internal medical departments and receiving aminoglycoside treatment were identified to be factors associated with S. maltophilia infection. These patients should be monitored for infection markers such as CRP and neutrophil count, as well as renal function tests. It should be noted that being infected with S. maltophilia is an independent risk factor for mortality.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 1095-1103
Characteristics and Treatment Outcome of Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Mekong Delta, Vietnam: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc Sang , Nguyen Phuong Minh , Nguyen Hieu Minh , Le Phuc Hoang , Nguyen Vinh The , Tran Duc Long , Le Khoa Van , Kim Le Thu Thi , Tran Ly Cong
Published: October 2024

Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a critical and potentially fatal complication resulting from a lack of insulin, presents with elevated blood sugar, acid-base imbalance, and increased ketone bodies. Objectives Our research was designed to assess the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and outcomes of treatment in children diagnosed with DKA over a span of five years in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed pediatric cases of diabetic ketoacidosis treated at a major pediatric center in the Mekong Delta between 2017 and 2021. Results Diabetic ketoacidosis was more common in older children aged 11 – 16 years (66.7%), and females (70%). The majority of cases had not been diagnosed with previous diabetes (60%) and no history of diabetic ketoacidosis (90%). In univariate analysis, female gender (OR, 13.0; 95% CI, 1.4 – 124.3; p=0.026), previous diabetes diagnosis (OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 1.5 – 41.2; p=0.016), precipitating factors (OR, 10.1; 95% CI, 1.1 – 97.0; p=0.045), tachypnea (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.1 – 26.4; p=0.033), Kussmaul breathing (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.1 – 26.0; p=0.036), serum potassium level (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2 – 10.4; p=0.027), and anion gap (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.8 – 2.3; p=0.003) were associated factors with severe DKA. All cases in our study had a 100% survival rate. Anion gap was an independent factor associated with severe diabetic ketoacidosis after adjustment multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Female, younger age, precipitating factors, tachypnea, Kussmaul’s breathing, and relevant laboratory findings, including increased anion gap, should be considered to ensure successful management in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 1112-1119
Predictors Affecting the Attitude Towards Homosexuality Among Health Sciences University Students in East Coast Malaysia
Authors: Che Kamarudin Nurul Shahida , Bakar Raishan Shafini , Ab Halim Ahmad Shahril , Syed Jaapar Sharifah Zubaidiah , Yaacob Najib Majdi
Published: October 2024

Introduction As a minority group homosexuality poses the risk of various mental illnesses and medical comorbidities. In Malaysia, homosexuality is prohibited according to culture, law, and religion. Thus, this group is reluctant to seek help due to the negative attitude of certain healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals’ negative attitudes towards this group may negatively impact patient care quality. This study aimed to identify predictors of health sciences students’ attitudes toward homosexuality. Materials and methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 307 undergraduate clinical students at a university on the east coast of Malaysia from December 2020 to February 2021. The instruments consisted of the Homosexual Attitude Scale Malay Version (HASMV), Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS), and Duke University Religion Index (DUREL). Results The mean (SD) age of participants was 22.91 (0.78) years old. The majority are female, Malay, and Muslim. Mean (SD) scores of attitudes towards homosexuality among health sciences students were 61.53 (17.06). Non-Muslims, final-year students, and those with higher self-reflection scores in central and southern Peninsular Malaysia displayed a more positive attitude towards homosexuality, as did students with a history of contact with homosexuals. Students with higher intrinsic religiosity scores were shown to be more negative towards homosexuality. Conclusion The attitude towards homosexuality of Malaysian future health practitioners leaned mostly towards the positive attitude towards homosexuality. These findings shall aid the relevant authorities in revising the curriculum to raise awareness about homosexual health, as well as arranging training programs.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 1120-1128
Epidemiological and Histological Profile of Breast Cancer in the Ghrab Chrarda Bni Hsein Region, Morocco
Authors: Aboulhoda Fatiha , Hadrya Fatine , Bejja Fadia , Dahou Badreddine , Erefai Ouassima , Soulaymani Abdelmajid , Hami Hinde
Published: October 2024

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer, accounting for 38.9% of all cancers diagnosed, it is also the most fatal among Moroccan women. The aims of this study were to draw up an epidemiological profile of breast cancer and to establish the link between patient characteristics and the histological types of cancer observed. Methods This was a retrospective study including 877 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer. The study was conducted at the Reproductive Health Reference Center in the province of Kénitra (Morocco). It covered the period 2013 - 2018. Results The median age of patients at diagnosis was 50 years (Q1-Q3: 42 - 58 years). Most patients were aged 40 years or older (84.04%) and married (67.32%). They were nulliparous in 18.61% of cases. The average number of live children (LVC) was 3.5 LVC (Q1- Q3: 2 - 5 LVC). Approximately 10.22% of patients had a family history of invasive carcinoma (96.58%). The median tumour size was 25 mm (Q1 - Q3: 20 - 36 mm). The predominant histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma. The most common Scarff- Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade was SBR II (63.64%). High histological grade correlated with large tumour size. Histological type showed a significant association with time to consultation (p<0.05) and age at first pregnancy (p<0.05). Conclusion All the contextual factors need to be taken into account to improve the assessment of the risk of developing breast cancer, and even of dying from it. Research, awareness-raising and ongoing education are essential if we are to develop more effective prevention strategies and treatments.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 1129-1136
Effect of Listerine and Chlorhexidine mouthwashes with antidiscoloration system on the colour change of CAD/CAM conventional and novel lithium disilicate ceramics
Authors: Sultan Sherif Elsayed
Published: October 2024

Background It has been reported that using mouthwashes can discolour the surface of teeth. Their effect on the stainability of newly introduced lithium disilicate ceramics is, however, unknown. Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate how mouth washes affected the color change of new and conventional lithium disilicate (LS2) ceramics that were finished using various techniques. Materials and Methods A total of 56 ceramic slices were produced from conventional LS2 (E Max CAD, Ivoclar) and a novel virgilite based LS2 (Cerec Tessera, Dentsply Sirona). According to the finishing method, the specimens were divided into glazed and polished subgroups. Each subgroup was further subdivided into two based on immersion in chlorhexidine (CHXD) or Listerine (LIST) mouth washes. A handheld spectrophotometer was used to measure the color attributes, and color differences (ΔE00) were then counted using specific equation. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests. Results Significant differences in color change (ΔE00) values were observed between conventional and novel LS2 ceramics, as well as between different finishing methods and mouth-rinse solutions. Chlorhexidine induced higher color differences than Listerine, with average ΔE00 values of 0.959 and 0.885, respectively (p < 0.001). The polished specimens generally exhibited higher ΔE00 values than the glazed specimens, with average values of 1.071 and 0.792 for conventional LS2, and 0.836 and 0.786 for novel LS2 (p < 0.001). However, most color changes did not exceed the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. Conclusion Using CHXD and LIST mouth washes affected the color change of polished or glazed conventional and novel lithium disilicate ceramics. In general, the stainability of polished specimens was higher than that of glazed ones. There was more discoloration on specimens immersed in CHXD than those immersed in LIST.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 1178-1184
Diffuse Enlargement of the Thyroid Gland as a Result of the Impact of Adverse Factors on the Pituitary-thyroid Cystem of Children
Authors: Bekenov Nurlan , Kemelbekov Kanatzhan , Bektenova Gulmira , Datkayeva Gulmira , Ospanov Kadyr , Ospanova Elmira , Doltaeva Bibigul , Assanova Galiya
Published: October 2024

The problem of diffuse goiter has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. The main reason for the formation of endemic goiter is iodine deficiency in the environment. Epidemiological studies conducted in recent years have shown that almost all regions of Kazakhstan are regions of endemic goiter with natural iodine deficiency. Some of them are characterized by an increase in the severity of endemic goiter. The reasons contributing to the progression of goiter endemicity are the cessation of iodine prophylaxis, the deterioration of the environmental situation and the social situation of a significant part of the population. The purpose of this work was to study the features of thyroid status in children with diffuse goiter. Material and methods There were 38 children under our supervision, 20 (main group) had diffuse (endemic) goiter (5 boys and 15 girls), 18 children (control group) - 5 boys and 13 girls, children in the control group were considered healthy. Results As a result of comparing indicators of the functional state of the pituitary-thyroid system in patients with diffuse goiter, a relatively increased level of thyroid-stimulating hormone is noted, which indicates the negative impact of diffuse goiter on the thyroid status of children. Conclusions As a result of the manifestation of diffuse goiter in children, metabolic disorders of the pituitary-thyroid system occur. Signs of thyroid deficiency are most often observed in children living in iodine-deficient areas.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 1213-1218
Scalp defect associated with extensive fibrosis of artificial dura requiring modified closure
Authors: Sirsat Janhavi , Al Chalabi Muath , Halim Ahmad Sukari , Izaini Ghani Abdul Rahman
Published: October 2024

Background A variety of methods are available for scalp defect closure and necessitate extensive planning. Superficial temporal artery (STA) based local flaps are widely used in the field of scalp and face reconstruction because of their flexibility and rich vascularity. Rotation and transposition techniques are commonly used in the area, however at times result in excessive tension. V-Y advancement allows tension-free closure with reduced post-operative complications. Case presentation A case of scalp defect post multiple craniectomies for a traumatic head injury complicated with subgaleal collection and poor wound healing in a 29-year-old male, is reported. Due to the nature of defect, with underlying fibrosis and previous artificial duraplasty, along with location in the frontotemporal region, a local STA based flap closed in a rotation, transposition and unilateral V-Y advancement pattern was used. Conclusion The challenges encountered in wound closure of complicated post-traumatic and multiple craniectomy cases can be overcome with a modified combined approach which achieves optimal wound closure.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 1227-1232
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a paediatric patient: A case report
Authors: Shamsuddin Syaza , Yaacob Lili Husniati , Mohd Yusoff Siti Suhaila
Published: October 2024

A rare autoimmune disease called anti-NMDAR encephalitis usually affects young people and frequently manifests as cognitive deterioration, seizures, and psychiatric symptoms. The diagnostic challenge and the importance in recognizing the clinical features and employing appropriate laboratory and imaging techniques for accurate and timely diagnosis will be discussed. We describe the example of an 8-year-old girl who suddenly began exhibiting strange behavioral and speech problems. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis was diagnosed after further investigation. This casee illustrates how different clinical presentations can lead to a delay in the disorder’s diagnosis. Healthcare practitioners continue to have difficulties in diagnosing heterogeneous clinical manifestations of anti- NMDAR encephalitis, particularly in the juvenile age range.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 1233-1237
Molecular identification of ecologically relevant hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) from eastern India
Authors: Kar Oishik , Ghosh Debjani , Mukherjee Arka , Mukherjee Koustav , Pramanik Debdeep , Sarkar Saikat , Sengupta Jayita , Naskar Atanu , Banerjee Dhriti
Published: October 2024

Syrphid identification keys that cover all life cycle stages of the taxonomy are insufficient, and there are problems with the morphological identification of these flies. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) is widely used for molecular identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. The study examined the effectiveness of COI in identifying 18 specimens containing 13 agriculturally important species of syrphids collected from different geo-climatic regions of West Bengal. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BA) trees, which were almost congruent. Barcodes were generated for Dasysyrphus orsua and Eristalinus polychromata for the first time. This is the first study to use the COI for barcoding ecologically and agriculturally relevant syrphid flies from eastern India and their phylogeny. The findings contribute to the basic understanding of the diversity of syrphids across West Bengal and the molecular characterization of hoverflies, promoting their conservation and thus leading to the augmentation of crops.
Description of nine new species of the genus Sycophila Walker (Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) from Kerala, India
Authors: Satheesan Shilpa K. , Santhosh Shreevihar
Published: October 2024

Nine new species viz., Sycophila drupacea sp. nov., S. arnottiana sp. nov., S. religiosa sp.nov., S. virens sp. nov., S. infectoria sp. nov., S. wayanadensis sp. nov., S. batheri sp. nov., S. tinctoria sp. nov. and S. gibbose sp. nov. were described and reported from five different fig species, Ficus drupacea, F.arnottiana, F. religiosa, F. virens and F, tinctoria, from Wayanad regions of Kerala, India.
Ant-treehopper mutualism affecting biocontrol of Parthenium hysterophorus by Mexican beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister
Authors: Harshana Anand , Dey Debjani
Published: October 2024

Infestation of a treehopper, Gargara malabarica Ananthasubramanian and Ananthakrishnan (Membracidae, Homoptera) on Parthenium hysterophorus L. and also a myrmicine ant, Lophomyrmex quadrispinosus (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) tending these treehoppers is reported for the first time. The ant-treehopper association interferes with the biological control of P. hysterophorus by Mexican beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). The Parthenium plants with ants supported significantly lesser number of grubs and adults of Mexican beetle compared to plants without ants. Mean number of Mexican beetle eggs was low on plants with ants, but it was non-significant. Further, the ants were observed to be disturbing the adult Mexican beetles from settling on the Parthenium plants, and this presumably led to the less Mexican beetle population.
Description of a new species of potter wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from Northeast India
Authors: Femi E. Benny , Ranjith A.P. , Priyadarsanan D.R.
Published: October 2024

Pseumenes Giordani Soika, 1935 is a small genus of potter wasps occurring in Oriental, Australian and Palearctic Regions. Only one species, Pseumenes depressus (de Saussure, 1855) is known so far from India. A new species, Pseumenes siangensis sp. nov. from Arunachal Pradesh, is described. The morphological affinities of the new species are discussed. The new species is compared with the closely related P. depressus as well as P. laboriosus. Since P. depressus is similar to P. laboriosus, comparisons were made between P. laboriosus and P. siangensis sp. nov. The apical teeth of the propodeum are medium sized and blunt in P. siangensis sp. nov. (long and sharp in P. laboriosus); the posterior part of the first tergite is densely punctate in the middle P. siangensis sp. nov. (almost impunctate in P. laboriosus). The clypeus without a median black spot in P. siangensis sp. nov. (with median black spot in P. laboriosus).
USP29 alleviates the progression of MASLD by stabilizing ACSL5 through K48 deubiquitination
Authors: Hu Sha , Wang Zhouxiang , Zhu Kun , Shi Hongjie , Qin Fang , Zhang Tuo , tian Song , Ji Yanxiao , Zhang Jianqing , Qin Juanjuan , She Zhigang , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhang Peng , Li Hongliang
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims: Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis. Ubiquitin-specific protease 29 (USP29) plays pivotal roles in hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury and hepatocellular carcinoma, but its role in MASLD remains unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the effects and underlying mechanisms of USP29 in MASLD progression.Methods: USP29 expression was assessed in liver samples from MASLD patients and mice. The role and molecular mechanism of USP29 in MASLD were assessed in high-fat diet-fed and high-fat/high-cholesterol diet-fed mice and palmitic acid and oleic acid treated hepatocytes.Results: USP29 protein levels were significantly reduced in mice and humans with MASLD. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis were significantly exacerbated by USP29 deletion and relieved by USP29 overexpression. Mechanistically, USP29 significantly activated the expression of genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) under metabolic stimulation, directly interacted with long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 5 (ACSL5) and repressed ACSL5 degradation by increasing ACSL5 K48-linked deubiquitination. Moreover, the effect of USP29 on hepatocyte lipid accumulation and MASLD was dependent on ACSL5.Conclusions: USP29 functions as a novel negative regulator of MASLD by stabilizing ACSL5 to promote FAO. The activation of the USP29-ACSL5 axis may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for MASLD.
Sinusoidal communication in chronic liver disease
Authors: Gibert-Ramos Albert , Andrés-Rozas María , Pastó Raül , Alfaro-Retamero Pablo , Guixé-Muntet Sergi , Gracia-Sancho Jordi
Published: October 2024

The liver sinusoid, mainly composed of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic macrophages and hepatic stellate cells, shapes the hepatic vasculature and is key to maintaining liver homeostasis and function. During chronic liver disease (CLD), the function of sinusoidal cells is impaired, being directly involved in the progression of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and main clinical complications including portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition to their roles in liver diseases pathobiology, sinusoidal cells’ paracrine communication or cross-talk is being studied as a mechanism of disease but also as a remarkable target for treatment. The aim of this review is to gather current knowledge of intercellular signalling in the hepatic sinusoid during the progression of liver disease. We summarise studies developed in pre-clinical models of CLD, especially emphasizing those pathways characterized in human-based clinically relevant models. Finally, we describe pharmacological treatments targeting sinusoidal communication as promising options to treat CLD and its clinical complications.
Structuring and Self-Assembly of Gold based Nanorods for High Temperature Raman Sensing
Authors:   , Gurunarayanan Harith
Published: October 2024

This thesis explores the potential of gold nanorods for enhanced sensing applications at elevated temperatures. By modulating their structure and composition, we aimed to optimize their plasmonic properties for Raman scattering enhancement. Through systematic investigations, we elucidated the mechanisms governing self-assembly dynamics and the influence of nanorod structure on SERS performance.

We successfully synthesized gold nanorods with a silica shell containing mesopores, providing a versatile platform for further structural engineering. We explored the impact of supraparticle formation and interparticle distance on Raman signal enhancement, demonstrating that carefully optimized structures significantly boost SERS sensitivity. Additionally, we employed advanced electron microscopy techniques to investigate the formation of hotspots within these nanostructures, revealing the relationship between structural-electronic properties and SERS performance.

To expand the applicability of gold nanorods to high-temperature Raman sensing, we introduced bimetallic nanorods composed of a gold core and a palladium shell. By controlling the shell thickness and composition, we achieved precise tuning of their plasmonic properties and thermal stability. Self-assembly of these bimetallic nanorods into supraparticles further enhanced their SERS performance, paving the way for novel high-temperature sensing applications.

Overall, this thesis provides valuable insights into the structural engineering of gold nanorods for enhanced sensing applications. Our findings highlight the potential of these nanomaterials for developing advanced sensors capable of operating under challenging conditions.
From Stress to Strength
Authors:   , Martinmäki Saara Elina
Published: October 2024

We investigated iHAWs’ mental health before, right after, and two months after their field assignments. While most workers maintained stable mental health, some experienced worsening symptoms over time, while others began their assignment with elevated levels of distress. Our findings indicate that factors such as a strong sense of coherence (SOC)—the ability to make sense of life’s challenges—act as protective factors. At the same time, longer assignments and being female were linked to a greater risk of worsening symptoms in common mental health conditions.
Additionally, we examined various stressor types faced by iHAWs. Organisational stressors — such as high workload, unclear communications, or team conflicts — and general harassment were found to have a stronger link with mental health and work-related well-being than exposure to potentially traumatic events. Sexual harassment was also a significant contributor to poor mental health outcomes among female iHAWs. We found that when aid workers are exposed to multiple types of stressors, these stressors tend to have an additive effect, with each additional stressor further burdening their mental health.
Finally, we studied the treatment of work-related trauma in a separate high-risk group: police officers. We found that an intensified trauma-focused treatment was effective for many treatment-resistant police officers with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), though involvement in compensation procedures was associated with poorer treatment outcomes.
Our research offers practical and policy-oriented recommendations for humanitarian organisations to enhance and protect the mental health of their staff.
Identificación de variables relacionadas a la seguridad informática a partir de tendencias investigativas de la tecnología Blockchain
Authors: Rueda-Castañeda John Edward , Gallego-Gómez Natalia , Estanling-Cárdenas Edward , Tello Jerson Samuel , García-Pineda Vanessa
Published: October 2024

La protección de los datos y la información se ha convertido en pilar fundamental tanto para personas como para organizaciones. Con la difusión, apropiación y alfabetización cada vez mayor respecto al uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, así como la necesidad que surge respecto al uso de estas en diferentes contextos los datos están cada vez más a disposición de la comunidad. Esto, se ha convertido en un aspecto de discusión debido a la fragilidad en los diferentes sistemas de información que pueden permitir la exposición de información delicada y personal. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las variables relacionadas a la seguridad informática desde la aplicación de blockchain por medio de una revisión sistemática de literatura. Entre los principales resultados, se encuentra la aplicación de diferentes técnicas de inteligencia artificial y la Automatización Robótica de Procesos (RPA) en el ecosistema blockchain.
The protection of data and information has become a fundamental pillar for both people and organizations. With the increasing dissemination, appropriation and literacy regarding the use of information and communication technologies, as well as the need that arises regarding their use in different contexts, data are increasingly available to community. This has become an aspect of discussion due to the fragility of the different information systems that can allow the exposure of sensitive and personal information. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify the variables related to computer security from the application of blockchain through a systematic literature review. Among the main results is the application of different artificial intelligence techniques and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the blockchain ecosystem.
Diseño e implementación en la plataforma Arduino de estimadores de estado para convertidores electrónicos DC/DC
Authors: Botero-Castro Héctor , Dimnet Alexandre
Published: October 2024

En este trabajo se realiza la implementación de observadores de estado en una plataforma integrada que combina Matlab®, Simulink® y Arduino®, mediante la cual se logra estimar con precisión las variables de estado de un convertidor electrónico. La planta es emulada en Matlab - Simulink, mientras que los observadores son implementados en Arduino. Para ello, se diseñan tres tipos de observadores: el observador de Luenberger, el filtro de Kalman y el observador por modos deslizantes, para un convertidor DC-DC boost. Los resultados son evaluados, permitiendo resaltar sus ventajas y desventajas para la obtención de las variables de estado del convertidor. La metodología utilizada ha demostrado ser fácilmente reproducible, lo que abre la posibilidad de futuras investigaciones y aplicaciones prácticas en el campo de la electrónica de potencia y el control}
n this work, the implementation of state observers in an integrated platform combining Matlab, Simulink and Arduino is carried out, by means of which the state variables of an electronic converter can be accurately estimated. For this purpose, three types of estimators are designed: the Luenberger observer, the Kalman filter and the sliding mode observer, for a DC/DC boost converter. The estimators are evaluated, allowing to highlight their advantages and disadvantages for obtaining the state variables of the converter. The methodology used has proved to be easily reproducible, which opens the possibility of future research and practical applications in the field of power electronics and control.
Informe de Evento 2023. Fiebre Tifoidea y Paratifoidea
Authors: Aparicio Fuentes Sandra Milena
Published: October 2024

En el presente informe se propone analizar las características epidemiológicas, sociales y demográficas de los casos ocurridos de fiebre tifoidea en 2023 y establecer zonas y áreas geográficas de riesgo para la ocurrencia del evento en el país.
Informe de Evento 2023. Intoxicaciones Agudas por Sustancias Químicas
Authors: Díaz Gómez Alejandra del Pilar
Published: October 2024

La notificación de casos de intoxicaciones agudas por sustancias químicas en el país ha tenido un aumento progresivo desde el inicio de la vigilancia del evento, con excepción de 2020 y 2021, en donde se observó disminución de la notificación de casos; este informe tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de las intoxicaciones por sustancias químicas notificadas al Sivigila durante el año 2023 en Colombia.
Study of 𝝎-Based Reynolds Stress Model with Two-Component Limit for Predicting Complex Flows
Authors:   Research Institute of Aero- Engine, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Luo Pengzhong , Tang Yumeng ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Liu Yangwei ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University
Published: October 2024

The turbulence flow and boundary layer transition occurring in turbomachinery pose significant challenges in accurately predicting aerodynamic characteristics by the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes approach. The Reynolds stress model (RSM) operates at the second-moment level, providing potential improvements in predicting strong anisotropy and non-equilibrium turbulence. In this study, a new specific dissipation rate 𝜔-based RSM is developed, inspired by the Speziale-Sarkar-Gatski/Launder-Reece-Rodi (SSG/LRR-𝜔) RSM, which is widely used in the aviation industry. Utilizing a new blending function, a transition between the pressure-strain terms proposed by Launder, Reece, and Rodi (1975), and those incorporating the two-component limit (TCL) proposed by Fu et al. (1987) is implemented from the near-wall to the mainstream regions, resulting in the TCL/LRR-𝜔 model. The newly devised blending function shares similarities with the one in the shear stress transport (SST) 𝑘-𝜔 model, but with an enhanced sensitivity to the effect of the three-dimensional (3D) vortex stretching. In addition, the Yap correction is introduced to address the unphysical backbending of the streamlines near the reattachment point. Validation conducted across the zero-pressure gradient flat plate and NASA hump indicates comparable predictive accuracy in characterizing the mean flow and superior predictive accuracy in the separation flows when compared to the shear stress transport (SST) 𝑘-𝜔 and SSG/LRR-𝜔 models. Furthermore, the blending of the TCL/LRR-𝜔 model with the intermittency 𝛾 transition model proposed by Menter et al. (2015) is investigated based on the NACA65 K48 compressor cascade, suggesting promising potential for further development.
Numerical Study of GAS method with γ Transition Model
Authors:   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Liu Yangwei , Xia Jinxia ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Tang Yumeng ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University
Published: October 2024

Developing a predictive method that accounts for boundary layer transition and massive separation is crucial for the design of aerospace vehicles. The Grid-Adaptive Simulation (GAS) model, proposed by our previous study based on the Kolmogorov energy spectrum, modifies the turbulence viscosity equations using the ratio of the grid length scale to the turbulent integral length scale, achieving high accuracy in turbulent flow simulations across different grid resolutions. When implemented in ANSYS CFX, the GAS model exhibited commendable performance in simulations of backwardfacing step flows. However, the GAS model, based on turbulence models, tends to delay separation in laminar separation predictions. This paper introduces the RANS-LES-Tr method, the GAS-γ model, based on the γ transition model. The GAS- γ model is validated in cylinder flow with laminar separation, and compared with the GAS model in ANSYS fluent. The GAS-γ model demonstrates notable improvements over the turbulence model-based GAS approach. The grid-adaptive model with transition consideration shows great potential in aerospace design computations, striking a balance between high predictive accuracy and computational efficiency.
Deep Learning-Aided Active Subspace Exploration for Free Stream Optimization in Fan-Shaped Film Cooling
Authors:   Tsinghua University, Cai Feixue , Zhou Hua ,   Tsinghua University, Yao Min ,   Tsinghua University, Ren Zhuyin ,   Tsinghua University
Published: October 2024

In gas turbine engineering, film cooling is critical for protecting engine components from high temperatures that can compromise safety and performance. However, the process is fraught with uncertainties due to complex inflow conditions and geometrical configurations, significantly affecting cooling efficiency, and it’s important to pinpoint the dominant factors in a quantified way. Traditional methods, such as the Monte Carlo (MC) approach, struggle with the ‘curse of dimensionality’, rendering them computationally intensive as variable counts increase. This study addresses these challenges by implementing a deep learning strategy using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to efficiently predict film cooling effectiveness, reducing computational loads compared to traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, which can surrogate the CFD model and also provide the gradient information utilizing by subsequent works. Additionally, the study employs Active Subspace (AS) analysis for dimensionality reduction, identifying dominant parameters based on the trained CNN model. This approach not only enhances the speed of simulations, but also provide an effective way to analyse dominant parameters and carry out optimizations. Results show a strong correlation between the CNN predictions and detailed CFD simulations, validating the model’s efficacy in capturing complex cooling dynamics. And the dominant analysis based on AS method gives the most important factors: blowing ratio, mainstream Mach number. Subsequent optimizations are done by an inverse network which treated with low-dimensional active inputs, and the results show an improvement compared to the maximum results in all samples.
A Rapid Predicting Model for Aerodynamic Instability in Aero-Engine
Authors:   Institute for Aero Engine Tsinghua University, Ding Zechen , Wang Baotong ,   Institute for Aero Engine Tsinghua University, Zeng Hanxuan ,   Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, Kong Weihan ,   Institute for Aero Engine Tsinghua University, Li Jiaan ,   School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua University, Zheng Xinqian ,   School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua University
Published: October 2024

Aerodynamic instability would lead to performance degradation and even cause structural damage in an aero-engine. Past researches have mainly focused on the instability of simple compression system model with pipe, plenum and valve downstream of the compressor. However, the influence on the instability boundaries and characteristics has not been fully understood for a compressor working in an aero-engine. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method that can quickly predict the instability boundary of the aero-engine, accounting for the differences between the environments of the component test-rig and aero-engine, to further clarify the instability mechanism in engine. In this paper, a rapid predicting model for the aerodynamic instability boundary of the aero-engine is developed by integrating the low order model of different aero-engine components, such as the compressor, combustor, turbine, afterburner and nozzle. With the compressor performance characteristics as input, this model can rapidly predict the instability boundary for an aero engine with time consuming the order of seconds. Compared with the experimental results, the discrepancy between the model and test results of the instability boundary falls within 5%, which proves that the model is capable of predicting the instability boundary to a certain accuracy. Furthermore, based on the developed model, the influence of the changed engine characteristic parameters related to the upstream and downstream flow passage and combustor volume design on the instability boundaries is carefully analyzed.
Gas Turbine Engine Control and Management using Adaptive Model Predictive Control
Authors:   Technology Innovation Institute, Al-Younes Younes , Alshehhi Maryam ,   Technology Innovation Institute, Cen Zhaohui ,   Technology Innovation Institute, Tsoutsanis Elias ,   Technology Innovation Institute
Published: October 2024

Safe operation of Gas Turbine Engines (GTEs) is one of the paramount missions in the GTE industry. Ensuring reliable operation and control performance is a challenging task that involves optimizing engine performance across various operating points. The Model Predictive Control (MPC) technique is a powerful approach that provides an optimization framework to meet the management and control requirements of GTEs during their operation. This work presents a systematic control framework to efficiently control a GTE. The proposed control algorithm employs an adaptive MPC methodology that ensures both safe and efficient engine operation. The MPC structure is adapted across varying operating points, and its parameters are optimized to provide control inputs that ensure best engine performance during both transient and steadystate engine operation. To enhance control reliability, the MPC is systematically coupled with min-max limiters to maintain critical variables within allowable bounds, ultimately to prevent engine surge, flame-out, and exceeding unsafe variable limits. Through this approach, the aim is to achieve a superior level of safety and operability for GTE control and management. Simulation results on a generic commercial turbofan engine with a 40,000-pound thrust show that the proposed algorithm outperforms a gain-scheduled PI controller with min-max limiters, and demonstrate enhanced performance in engine management and control.
Impact of Shape-Adaptive Fan Blading on the Performance of a Turbofan Engine
Authors:   IFAS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Seidler Marcel , Lück Sebastian ,   IFAS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Bień Maximilian ,   IFAS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Friedrichs Jens ,   IFAS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Göing Jan ,   IFAS, Technische Universität Braunschweig
Published: October 2024

Within the Cluster of Excellence for Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Aviation (SE²A), technological advances to reduce carbon emissions of current propulsion architectures are investigated. In order to enhance the efficiency of the fan and compressor components of a turbofan engine during off-design operation, shape-adaptive fan and compressor blading is considered. This investigation introduces shape-adaptive blading for the fan stage of a V2500-A1 high-bypass turbofan engine, operated on Airbus A320 single-isle civil transport aircraft. Integrating piezoelectric actuators into the fan rotor blading allows varying the rotor twist and camber upon actuation. Special emphasis lies on an improvement of part-load operation, where lower efficiencies are expected and the surge-margin becomes more critical. During flight phases where the fan operates well outside its aerodynamic design point, a variable fan rotor shape allows reducing flow incidence and deviation. Especially during climb, where atmospheric conditions and engine thrust change with altitude, an improvement is shown. To assess the shape-morphing effects on the chosen aircraft configuration, previous morphing results are generalised and applied to the performance maps of the fan of the V2500-A1 turbofan engine. Within this investigation, two morphing configurations are considered and analysed on a whole mission-basis for three different flight scenarios. The morphing effect on the turbofan engine performance is quantified by combining structural morphing simulations with CFD simulations and a thermodynamic turbofan engine performance calculation tool. Special emphasis thereby lies on the mission specific fuel consumption (SFC) and the feasible fuel saving through introducing shape-adaptive fan blading. Results indicate, that small variations in blade angle already show an effect in SFC and motivate for future investigation of flight-phase optimised morphing strategies and application of the method to modern turbofan engines.
Design maps for axial turbines operating with non-ideal organic compounds
Authors:   Propulsion & Power, TU Delft, Galieti Lorenzo , De Servi Carlo ,   Propulsion & Power, TU Delft, Colonna Piero ,   Propulsion & Power, TU Delft, Pini Matteo ,   Propulsion & Power, TU Delft
Published: October 2024

Axial turbines are arguably the most common configuration of expanders employed in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plants of large power capacity. In most of these power plants, the working fluid enters the turbine with a few degrees of superheating, and its thermodynamic properties do not obey the ideal gas law in the first part of the expansion. To date, there is a lack of fast but reliable methods to perform the preliminary design of the first turbine stage while taking into account non-ideal thermodynamic effects. For this reason, an extensive database of efficiency maps as a function of the typical stage design parameters has been derived in the present study. The idea is to use the maps to quickly identify the optimal stage configuration in the preliminary design phase of the ORC system. Results demonstrate that nonideal thermodynamic effects can be quantified for an extensive range of compounds by solely relying on the compressibility factor and fluid molecular complexity. It is also found that, depending on the stage configuration, non-ideal thermodynamic effects can increase or decrease the stage efficiency compared to the stage operating with the same fluid in ideal thermodynamic conditions.
Investigation of transonic buffet on a civil aero-engine fan blade
Authors:   Imperial College London, Gong Jiayi , Stapelfeldt Sina ,   Imperial College London, Llano Luis ,   Imperial College London
Published: October 2024

The drive towards efficient and light-weight turbofans with very high bypass ratio leads to long and flexible fan blades which are more susceptible to aero-mechanically induced vibration. One potential problem is caused by transonic buffet, a phenomenon where unsteady shock-wave boundary layer interactions lead to large scale shock movements. This results in time-varying unsteady aerodynamic loads which, when coupling with a vibration mode, can cause high vibration amplitudes and mechanical failure. This research aims to investigate transonic buffet and its interaction with blade vibration on a civil fan blade using an in-house unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) solver with fluid-structure coupling capabilities. Firstly, the computational approach is validated on the fixed OAT15 aerofoil, a common benchmark for buffet. The onset of transonic buffet and buffet frequency from the numerical simulations are compared with experimental data from wind tunnel experiments and found to be in good agreement. In the next step, the same computational methodology is applied to investigate transonic buffet of a civil fan blade at a high-speed off-design operating point. The time-varying pressure fluctuations on the blade suction side are analysed to investigate the driving mechanism of transonic buffet on fan blades. It is shown that unsteady shock movement creates large forcing amplitudes, and that the third harmonic of the fundamental frequency associated with the shock movement is in resonance with the first flap vibration mode. Furthermore, blade vibration is shown to alter shock movement frequency and amplitude leading to a lock-in between the aerodynamic frequency and the blade vibration frequency. The results confirm that transonic buffet and associated vibrations (buffeting) are a potential cause of fan non-integral vibrations.