bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A faunal inventory of methane seeps on the Pacific margin of Costa Rica
Authors: Seid Charlotte A. , Hiley Avery S. , McCowin Marina F. , Carvajal José I. , Cha Harim , Ahyong Shane T. , Ashford Oliver S. , Breedy Odalisca , Eernisse Douglas J. , Goffredi Shana K. , Hendrickx Michel E. , Kocot Kevin M. , Mah Christopher L. , Miller Allison K. , Mongiardino Koch Nicolás , Mooi Rich , O'Hara Timothy D. , Pleijel Fredrik , Stiller Josefin , Tilic Ekin , Valentich-Scott Paul , Warén Anders , Wicksten Mary K. , Wilson Nerida G. , Cordes Erik E. , Levin Lisa A. , Cortés Jorge , Rouse Greg W.
Published: January 2025

The methane seeps on the Pacific margin of Costa Rica support extensive animal diversity and offer insights into deep-sea biogeography. During five expeditions between 2009 and 2019, we conducted intensive faunal sampling via 63 submersible dives to 11 localities at depths of 300–3600 m. Based on these expeditions and published literature, we compiled voucher specimens, images, and 274 newly published DNA sequences to present a taxonomic inventory of macrofaunal and megafaunal diversity with a focus on invertebrates. In total 488 morphospecies were identified, representing the highest number of distinct morphospecies published from a single seep or vent region to date. Of these, 131 are described species, at least 58 are undescribed species, and the remainder include some degree of taxonomic uncertainty, likely representing additional undescribed species. Of the described species, 38 are known only from the Costa Rica seeps and their vicinity. Fifteen range extensions are also reported for species known from Mexico, the Galápagos seamounts, Chile, and the western Pacific; as well as 16 new depth records and three new seep records for species known to occur at vents or organic falls. No single evolutionary narrative explains the patterns of biodiversity at these seeps, as even morphologically indistinguishable species can show different biogeographic affinities, biogeographic ranges, or depth ranges. The value of careful molecular taxonomy and comprehensive specimen-based regional inventories is emphasized for biodiversity research and monitoring.
Faire attention
Authors: Thine Sylvain , Caveng Rémy
Published: January 2025

La consommation d’énergie se déploie dans l’ensemble des activités quotidiennes et résulte de déterminants multiples et entremêlés. Cette dépendance s’accompagne d’un discours et de dispositifs encourageant la sobriété et faisant appel à la responsabilité individuelle. Interroger ces prescriptions permet de les confronter aux systèmes de préférences, de besoins et de positionnement éthique en matière de confort et de propreté, liés aux propriétés sociales des individus ainsi qu’à leur distance à la nécessité. Cet article se penche sur les habitudes les plus banales, sur ces gestes accomplis sans y penser réellement – s’éclairer, se chauffer, se laver, repasser son linge, etc. – pour rendre compte des principes à l’origine des normes et des habitudes de vie en matière de consommation d’énergie. Pour cela, nous examinons les conditions sociales de possibilité de l’acquisition de dispositions portant à construire des habitudes d’attention aux consommations énergétiques et à leurs conséquences. Dans une première partie, nous montrons que les pratiques de consommation d’énergie s’ancrent dans des contextes socioéconomiques déterminés. Dans une seconde partie, par la construction d’un espace social des pratiques de consommation, nous caractérisons les différentes classes ou fractions de classes par leurs usages de l’énergie et les conditions dans lesquelles ils ont été générés. Se dessine ainsi une double opposition entre, d’une part, faire attention ou non et, d’autre part, entre apprentissage par cœur et apprentissage par corps des usages de l’énergie.
Le compromis dans un groupe-projet pluraliste : les activités du courtier de Mondes dans l’élaboration de convention de compromis
Authors: Dutrieux Christine , Grenier Corinne
Published: January 2025

Notre recherche examine un groupe-projet d’un établissement de formation en travail social (EFTS), qui se saisit d’une nouvelle démarche d’intervention sociale pour initier des actions novatrices. Le contexte pluraliste de l’EFTS et sa difficulté à embrasser de nouveaux Mondes qui le pénètrent, nous amènent à mobiliser la littérature sur les Économies de la Grandeur. La perspective conventionnaliste développe la notion d’acteur compétent, capable d’élaborer des compromis, mais qui reste encore très peu étudiée par la littérature. Nous entendons répondre à ce « research gap » en nous intéressant aux activités déployées par la pilote du groupe-projet en formulant la question de recherche suivante : « Quelles sont les activités du pilote d’un groupe-projet en contexte pluraliste, enchâssé dans des mondes différents, qui conduisent les acteurs qui le composent à élaborer une convention de compromis pour lancer des initiatives novatrices ? ». Pour appréhender cet acteur, nous mobilisons les travaux sur le courtier de connaissances et les objets frontières. Le dispositif méthodologique s’appuie sur une observation-participante de l’un des auteurs, salariée de l’EFTS étudié. Le matériau ainsi collecté est complété par deux vagues d’entretien, sur la période 2018- 2022. Les données sont codées à partir d’un plan issu du cadre théorique d’analyse et de codes émergents. Nos résultats nous permettent de définir la pilote du groupe-projet comme un « Courtier de Mondes » que nous définissons comme « un courtier de connaissances qui parvient dans un collectif pluraliste à générer une convention de compromis grâce à ses activités de circulation et d’enrichissement de la connaissance, de mise en relation et de socialisation des acteurs, de développement des compétences des acteurs, et par une activité de réflexivité sur les Mondes » (inspiré de Dutrieux, 2021). Nous répondons à notre question de recherche de deux manières. Tout d’abord nous avons mis en évidence les activités constitutives du courtier de Mondes (en complément de la littérature) par l’importance de l’activité de socialisation et de communication entre les membres du groupe-projet en contexte pluraliste ; nous montrons également que le courtier de Mondes adopte une posture de « user push » pour ne pas imposer sa vision, mais encourager, par une activité de soutien à une réflexivité amenant les membres du groupe à faire sens des connaissances et pratiques au regard des différents Mondes, et à reconnaître leur altérité. Notre seconde contribution est d’identifier deux types de conventions de compromis, que nous appelons épistémique et pragmatique, la première offrant les éléments de langage pour soutenir les échanges et la communication nécessaires à la seconde. La formulation des compromis a été soutenue par l’échange autour d’objet-frontière.
Unraveling the dynamics of single-vehicle versus multi-vehicle crashes: a comparative analysis through binary classification
Authors: Zhen Hao , Lares Oscar , Fortson Jeffrey Cooper , Yang Jidong J. , Li Wei , Conklin Eric
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a comprehensive study aimed at understanding the dynamics of single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes through a binary classification approach. By harnessing high-resolution, multi-source data, including high-resolution traffic profile data captured by weigh-in-motion stations, weather conditions, roadway attributes, and pavement properties, we delved into distinctive characteristics of the two crash types. Particularly, a meticulous data fusion approach was applied to integrate the diverse data sources, enabling a holistic investigation of influential factors. Framing it as a classification task, key factors differentiating between single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes were identified. The results of the study provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of the two distinct crash types, supporting the development of targeted safety measures.
On trees with a given number of segments and their maximum general $ Z $-type index
Authors: Saber Hicham , Raza Zahid , Alanazi Abdulaziz M. , Attiya Adel A. , Ali Akbar
Published: January 2025

The general $ Z $-type index is a molecular descriptor, introduced recently by Chen and Lin [Discrete Optim., 50 (2023), 100808], which generalizes several well-known molecular descriptors, including the (general) sum-connectivity index and (general) Platt index. The primary objective of the current paper is to study the largest value of the general $ Z $-type index of graphs in the class of all fixed-order trees (and chemical trees) with a particular number of segments.
A-MSTM: ATTEMPTED CATCH ESCAPE-OPTIMIZED MIXED ATTENTION-ENABLED BILSTM MODEL FOR BRAIN TUMOR CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Kumari Divya , Anoop B. K.
Published: January 2025

A brain tumor is a disorder that originates from the abnormal development of brain cells. Due to their low incidence and diversity in appearance, tumors can have a tough time being diagnosed with a patient’s survival rate. The traditional approaches for brain tumor classification have certain limitations including adaptability, availability of data, interpretability, and the ability for generalization. The research proposed an Attempted Catch escape Optimizer-based mixed attentional Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (A-MSTM), to improve the efficiency of brain tumor classification. The utilization of mixed attention mechanisms in the A-MSTM facilitates improved information processing, enabling the model to focus on relevant regions while preserving contextual information. The SCPA-Net architecture is optimized to upgrade the model’s ability to reconstruct images and learn meaningful representations, contributing to more accurate tumor segmentation. To extract discriminative features, the VGG-16 model is employed, which harnesses the ability of the model to capture hierarchical representations of input images. The integration of GLCM and statistical features enriches the overall model’s understanding of complex patterns associated with brain tumors. The A-MSTM model and the SCPA-Net’s adjustable parameters are optimized using the bio-inspired ACEO algorithm, which also improves the segmentation and classification results. The experimental evaluation of the proposed A-MSTM method involves a comprehensive analysis of BraTS 2017 and BraTS 2020 datasets, demonstrating superior performance compared to existing approaches in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and balanced error rate of attaining 93.56%, 94.58%, 94.65%, and 5.45, respectively, for TP 90 analysis.
“How Would You Know? You Don't Have Kids”
Authors: Muskin Melanie
Published: January 2025

This chapter delves into challenges faced by a child-free school leader in early childhood education. Through personal narrative and scholarly analysis, it explores how being child-free influenced interactions with families, exposing societal biases that equate womanhood with motherhood. The author examines how gendered assumptions about caregiving affect perceptions of professional expertise in early childhood education. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these biases intensified, with families questioning the author's ability to make informed decisions due to her child-free status. This chapter highlights implications for child-free and marginalized early childhood educators, including people who identify as men and LGBTQIA+. This chapter calls for embracing diverse educators to provide young children with pluralistic visions of how to live a joyful life.
Childless in Appalachia
Authors: Broughman Katrina
Published: January 2025

In Appalachian VA, practically everyone my age, not just other teachers, are married with kids. I deviate as childless, unmarried, polyamorous, and LGBTQ. Generally more educated and cultured than others where I grew up, I am often misunderstood or misjudged despite my accomplishments and career success. I ultimately discuss the unspoken rite of passage behind having kids and marriage that, by not doing so, has kept me from being treated with the same respect and candor, along with its benefits.
Challenging the Ideal
Authors: Caulk Michelle
Published: January 2025

This book chapter delves into the experiences and perspectives of higher education staff and faculty who have intentionally chosen to remain childfree. Through personal narratives and research, it examines the motivations behind their choice andimpacts on their personal and professional lives.Those in academia face rigorous demands: extensive teaching responsibilities, long hours, institutional financial constraints, administrative duties, and high expectations for research and writing. Professionally, being childfree can offer advantages such as increased productivity, capacity to pursue demanding roles and smoother promotion paths. However, societal expectations and workplace norms can create barriers or stigmatize childfree individuals. Misconceptions about their dedication and the assumption of greater work availability can lead to additional pressures and risk of burnout. Despite these challenges, the insights and alternative paths to fulfillment provided by childfree academics contribute to a more inclusive and understanding discourse within the academic community.
5G Communication Technologies in Business
Authors: Suram Swetha , Miryala Raam Sai Bharadwaj , Miryala Ramesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

Mobile Communication technology is no longer serving the needs of Smart Phone users, rather it has made it smart in meeting the needs of Enterprises. With the advent of 5G Cellular network, Enterprise Automation and transformative opportunities across the managerial functions in various sectors has been seen. This chapter gives a brief overview of evolution of 5G and highlights the usage and applications of 5G technology. Further, this chapter explores the impact of 5G Technologies through real times cases studies. By examining the deployments in diverse settings like Health Care, Manufacturing, Logistics and Transportation, this chapter highlights the unique challenges and innovative solutions encountered with 5G Technology implementation. This synthesis of real time experiences offers a crucial resource for policymakers, industry leaders, and technology managers navigating the complexities of 5G deployment in business.
Evaluating the Economic Impact of 5G-6G Implementations Across Diverse Industry Sectors
Authors: Vetrivel S. C. , Vidhyapriya P. , Arun V. P.
Published: January 2025

The advent of 5G and the prospective rollout of 6G technologies represent transformative milestones in the telecommunications industry, promising to revolutionize connectivity and digital interaction across various sectors. This chapter aims to evaluate the economic impact of implementing 5G and 6G networks on diverse industry sectors, including healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, and entertainment. By leveraging quantitative data analysis and qualitative case studies, the research explores how these advanced networks enhance operational efficiencies, drive innovation, and create new business opportunities. The chapter highlight significant productivity gains, cost reductions, and the emergence of new revenue streams, alongside challenges such as the need for substantial infrastructure investments and the potential for digital inequality.
Developing and Deploying a Recommendation System for Predicting Trends in Users
Authors: Sathiyamoorthi V. , Gopal Vidhya , Kalipindi Murali , Prakash B. S. , Somasekar J.
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, online shopping trend is gradually increasing and becoming buyer's primary choice when shopping a product, as it is very much useful and convenient for buying a product through online based on reviews given by consumers. For each product category, there exists thousands of reviews and are being posted on e-commerce websites regularly. So, collecting and managing such a large volume of data from customers through online can be considered as a big challenging task for both online businesses partners and consumers. So, it is tedious and time consuming task for buyers to go through all these reviews to make a correct decision. Hence, this research work focuses on developing a prediction model based on machine learning technique which can help in suggesting valuable products to buyers based on the real-world data. As a result, buyers can make effective decision while purchasing products and helps businesses organization to improvise their business process and their websites.
Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Tourism and Hospitality Industry
Authors: Sharma Swati , Bhatt Deepti , Kumar Narendra , Karadağ Levent
Published: January 2025

This study explores the effect of Chatbots & Virtual Assistants (CVA) on Guest satisfaction (GS). Although several studies have been published that investigate guest satisfaction in Jordan, only a few have reported on how AI influences Guest satisfaction in Delhi NCR. Therefore, this study addresses the gap. It uses a structured questionnaire to collect data from 155 employees working in five-star hotels. The data is analysed using structure equation modelling (SEM). Smart-PLS is applied to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent factors- Chatbots & Virtual Assistants, Fraud Detection & Security, Operational Efficiency, Personalised Experience, Predictive Maintenance, Revenue Management. This study finds that Fraud Detection & Security significantly impacts Guest satisfaction of employees. These findings can assist five-star hotels in devising effective AI strategies that maintain guest satisfaction, ultimately ensuring positive financial implications for them.
Revolutionizing Tourism and Hospitality Industry
Authors: Yadav Prashant Kumar , Jayaprakashnarayana G. , Agnihotri Shambhavi , Rajadurai S.
Published: January 2025

The study adopts a quantitative approach, gathering data from respondents in selected tourist destinations. The primary focus is on assessing the potential of 5G/6G to enhance the tourist experience through immersive technology applications, improve operational efficiencies with IoT integrations, and boost safety protocols through advanced, real-time monitoring systems. The findings revealed that 5G/6G technology had the most potential to enhance the tourist experience. It significantly boosts data transfer efficiency, supports a higher density of connected devices, and allows for ultra-reliable, low-latency communications. These capabilities are enhancing guest services through personalised and context-aware systems and revolutionise backend operations, from maintenance through smart sensors to dynamic pricing algorithms powered by real-time data analytics. The research also considers the challenges of implementing these advanced technologies, such as the need for substantial infrastructure investment and concerns over data privacy and cybersecurity.
Smart Cities Practices Applied in the Selected City of Slovak Republic
Authors: Mazurek Marica
Published: January 2025

The book chapter is focused on the specific cases of smart city applications in the selected Slovakian city, which were implemented to improve the competitiveness as well as to create better co-operation of the chosen city representatives (municipalities) with the city users (citizens, entrepreneurs) and the main focus will be the principle of co-creation and new forms of communication among these entities, which were influenced by new technologies and smart decisions. The digitalization has enormously influenced the new trends of communication and the process of co-creation has been fully applied in the contemporary municipal managerial practices. The specific case study will be focused on the city of Banska Bystrica and the primary and secondary research in this city will be a base of our research and discussion.
AI-Powered Breakthroughs
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is improving neuropsychological practice and how AI tools can be used to diagnose treat and rehabilitate cognitive disorders. Through a critical analysis of recent research and developing patterns the chapter emphasizes AIs potential for neuropsychology real-time interventions personalized care and early detection. It explores how artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced to create tools like virtual assistants chatbots and machine learning algorithms that have greatly enhanced neuropsychological testing and treatment. AI in neurorehabilitation shows encouraging results improving the precision and effectiveness of treatment regimens particularly for patients with brain injuries or cognitive decline. The chapter also examines the effects of AI on neuropsychological training and education with a focus on preparing the next generation of neuropsychologists for practice settings enhanced by AI.
Development of AI- and NLP-Driven Chatbots and Virtual Assistants for Mental Health Support
Authors: Punia Aanchal , Bhakuni Pawan , Sharma Nitin
Published: January 2025

The chapter explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) technologies in enhancing mental health care. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of AI and NLP applications in mental health, detailing the mechanisms through which chatbots and virtual assistants operate. It discusses the various types of chatbots, their advantages in promoting early intervention and reducing stigma. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the methodologies of fine-tuning and prompt engineering that optimize these digital tools for specific therapeutic contexts. By integrating empirical research findings and theoretical insights, this chapter elucidates how AI and NLP-driven solutions can bridge gaps in traditional mental health services, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes for individuals and communities. The findings underscore the importance of ongoing research and development in this field, advocating for the continued integration of technology in mental health support systems
Predictive Analytics in Clinical Psychology
Authors: Prasad Anjali
Published: January 2025

Predictive analytics, powered by advancements in machine learning (ML), is reshaping the landscape of clinical psychology and mental health care. This paper explores the transformative potential of ML algorithms in early diagnosis, personalized treatment planning, and predictive risk assessments for mental health disorders. By analysing complex datasets, including behavioural, genetic, and environmental variables, ML models provide unprecedented accuracy in identifying patterns and risk factors associated with conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The study highlights the integration of natural language processing (NLP) for analysing patient interactions, wearable technologies for real-time monitoring, and reinforcement learning for adaptive therapeutic interventions. The paper concludes by emphasizing a collaborative approach involving clinicians, data scientists, and policymakers to ensure equitable and effective implementation.
Aligning Sustainable Consumer Behaviour and Profitability of Listed Indigenous Small Businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Olubiyi Timilehin Olasoji
Published: January 2025

Small businesses play a vital role in the increasing emphasis on sustainability and the growing demands of environmentally conscious consumers; these efforts frequently fall short, as indicated by the rise of unsustainable practices within the small business ecosystem. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the impact of sustainable consumer behaviour on the profitability of selected listed indigenous small businesses in Nigeria, the most populous and biggest consumer market in Africa. The study population consists of staff of the selected small businesses in Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential (linear regression) statistics at 5% significance level. The study found that sustainable consumer behaviour has no positive and significant effect on the profitability of selected small businesses in Nigeria. The study highlights and recommends that small businesses should continue to leverage various sustainable marketing strategies and awareness to reconcile consumer behaviour and environmental responsibility and align this with the economic goals of the businesses.
Fabrication of a Potential Difference Measuring Instrument Using a Capacitive Sensor Based on ATmega328 Microcontroller
Authors: Mahendra Putra Anak Agung Ngurah Surya , Rupiasih Ni Nyoman , Supardi I. Wayan , Vidyasagar Pandit Bhalchandra
Published: January 2025

A potential difference-measuring instrument using a capacitive sensor based on ATmega328 microcontroller has been successfully designed and implemented. The instrument consists of 2 (two) silver plates as electrodes, INA219 module, Arduino Nano module, LM 2596 module, Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED), and 9V 1A (DC) adapter. The electrolyte solution used was KCl solution. The basic principle of the instrument is that the adapter is the input, the electrolyte solution is the source of electrical energy, and the capacitive sensor is the electrode, namely the anode and cathode. The input data is processed by Arduino Nano ATmega328, and the output data is displayed on OLED and automatically saved with format .xlsx. The instrument has been calibrated with a standard electrode, namely the Hanna HI 5414 reference electrode, with an accuracy of 99.82%. The result indicates that the instrument can be used to measure membrane potential, which replaced the measurement manually.
Study on Flexural Performance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars and Steel Rebars
Authors: Hemalatha Karri , Prasad Darapureddi Ravi
Published: January 2025

Traditionally, reinforced concrete structures are constructed using steel rebars as reinforcement which is more susceptible to reinforcement corrosion in severe exposure conditions. This leads to many disadvantages, like deterioration of concrete, reduction in strength, and increase in maintenance costs, which leads to a decrease in the serviceability of critical infrastructure. Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars are often used as alternative materials for steel bars because they are anti-corrosive, exhibit an excellent strength-to-weight ratio and are easy to handle but the main disadvantage is its brittle nature. Hence, the combination of steel and FRP bars was effectively used to augment both flexural capacity and ductility. As the ductility performance of hybrid Reinforcement is lower than conventional reinforced beams, Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers in volume fraction were added in this investigation.The present investigation aims to determine the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beams using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars and Steel bars. The optimum dosage of PVA fibers while evaluating compressive and split tensile strength is observed at 0.25% in volume fraction. Total six types of concrete beam specimens with and without PVA fibers were experimentally under four-point bending test tested such as beams reinforced with only steel bars, only GFRP bars, GFRP and steel bars. From the experimental results, it is observed that inclusion of PVA fibers in proposed beams with hybrid reinforcement enhanced the crack resistance by 80% and ultimate load capacity by 39% when compared with conventional beam.
The Impact of Non-Sugar Sweetener on Health Outcomes in the General Population and Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Moon Shinje , Kim Soo Kyoung , Choi Jong Han , Song Yoonju , Lim Jeong Hyun , Cho Jae Won , Kim Sang Soo
Published: January 2025

Non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) are low in calories and can be used in very small amounts. Both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety have stated that consuming NSS within the recommended dosage is not harmful to human health. Nonetheless, the World Health Organization in its 2023 guidelines on NSS use advised the general population against the consumption of NSS as a means of controlling weight and reducing the risk of chronic diseases, including diabetes. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the health benefits and potential risks of NSS for patients with diabetes. Given the ongoing debate about the efficacy of NSS, the 2023 clinical guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association recommend minimizing beverages containing sugar or NSS, although NSS may help reduce sugar intake in the short term. This review aims to explore the latest research on the benefits and risks of NSS for the general population and patients with diabetes.
High-Intensity Interval Training and Diabetes
Authors: Cho Yunjung , Kim Eun Sook
Published: January 2025

High-intensity interval training (HIIT), characterized by alternating intense exercise with short recovery periods, has emerged as an effective and time-efficient approach for diabetes management. HIIT is particularly recommended for individuals who are physically capable and have limited time, as per guidelines from the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Studies indicate that HIIT can enhance aerobic capacity, reduce insulin resistance, and improve glycemic control while potentially decreasing cardiovascular risks, such as high blood pressure and lipid imbalances. Moreover, HIIT may help mitigate diabetes-related complications by improving vascular function and insulin sensitivity. However, HIIT carries certain risks, such as episodes of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury, particularly in older adults or those with lower fitness levels. Therefore, it is crucial that HIIT regimens be individualized and guided by healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective integration into diabetes management.
Social determinants of cardiovascular disease outcomes in Indians
Authors: Jeemon Panniyammakal , Reddy K.S.
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and disability in both developed and developing countries. In developed countries socio-economic mortality differentials have been studied extensively showing that the low socio-economic group suffers the highest mortality. As the epidemiological transition is taking place against a background of economic globalization, CVD risk factors among the urban poor and middle class are rapidly increasing in India. Recent evidences from India also suggest reversal of social gradient with excess burden of CVD morbidity in the low socio-economic group. Understanding the social determinants of environmental and behavioural exposures, in determining the risk factors for cardiovascular disease is an important challenge for public health professionals as well as communities. Socio-economic disadvantage is not simply a proxy for poor cardiovascular risk factor status, but also an indication of the likely trajectory that an individual or a community may follow in the course of their life. The paucity of intervention research seeking to address the role of social determinants in shaping lifestyle practices among individuals in culturally and socially diverse population groups within India is definitely a measure of inadequacy in public health research. This review article provides an overview of the role of social determinants of CVD and its possible conceptual pathways with special focus on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) outcomes among Indians.
Strategies for initial management of hypertension
Authors: Gupta Rajeev , Guptha Soneil
Published: January 2025

High blood pressure (BP) is a major public health problem in India and its prevalence is rapidly increasing among urban and rural populations. Reducing systolic and diastolic BP can decrease cardiovascular risk and this can be achieved by non-pharmacological (lifestyle measures) as well as pharmacological means. Lifestyle changes should be the initial approach to hypertension management and include dietary interventions (reducing salt, increasing potassium, alcohol avoidance, and multifactorial diet control), weight reduction, tobacco cessation, physical exercise, and stress management. A number of pharmaceutical agents, well evidenced by large randomized clinical trials, are available for initial treatment of high BP. These include older molecules such as thiazide diuretics and beta-blocking agents and newer molecules, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCB), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). In view of the recent clinical trials data, some international guidelines suggest that CCB, ACE inhibitors or ARB and not beta-blockers or diuretics should be the initial therapy in hypertension management. Comprehensive hypertension management focuses on reducing overall cardiovascular risk by lifestyle measures, BP lowering and lipid management and should be the preferred initial treatment approach.
Genomic approaches to coronary artery disease
Authors: Padmanabhan Sandosh , Hastie Claire , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Dominczak Anna F.
Published: January 2025

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In addition to lifestyle and environmental factors which are major aetiologic determinants, there is considerable familial clustering of the disease indicating a genetic component in its causation. Although the total genetic contribution to CAD risk can be quantified, the determination of the size and number of contributing effects is impossible without identifying all CAD susceptibility genes. However, despite extensive studies, strong evidence of a molecular genetic association with coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction remains elusive. Genome wide association studies have been successful in identifying robust associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with CAD. Identifying the causal variant and dissecting pathways linking these variants to disease process is a major challenge. Technologies from whole genome sequencing, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics are now available to extend analysis to a more complete range of potential susceptibility variants, and to support more explicit modelling of the joint effects of genes and environment. The availability of these high throughput technologies does not diminish the importance of rigorous phenotyping and appropriate study designs in all the endeavours to understand the aetiopathogenesis of CAD. Combining classical epidemiology with modern genomics will require collaborative efforts within the cardiovascular disease community at both bench and bedside and this will have the potential to expand our understanding of CAD and translate discoveries into clinically useful applications that will have a major impact on public health.
Effect of integrated naturopathy, yoga and acupuncture therapy in improving balance and gait in a rare case of cortico-basal ganglionic degeneration with atypical Parkinsonism
Authors: Shukla Deepa , Rao Raghavendra , Patel Tarang
Published: January 2025

Cortico-basal degeneration (CBD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder described by unilateral rigidity and apraxia. The clinical presentation may include dystonia, myoclonus and tremor along with motor speech disorders and cortical sensory loss. At present, no definite approved treatment is available for alleviating the symptoms. Hence, the use of non-pharmacological therapies assumes significance. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the role of yoga, naturopathy and acupuncture in the case of CBD. The case study was a 61-year-old female who presented with complaints of difficulty in walking, weakness of left upper and lower limbs along with abnormal speech and vision. Later, she was diagnosed with CBD and managed with integrated naturopathy, yoga therapy, acupuncture therapy, physiotherapy and dietary modifications along with conventional medicine. With an integrated approach given for 15 days, the patient demonstrated an increase in the gait and balance score. The patient was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale and Tinetti Gait and Balance Assessment Tool. The presented case report indicates the role of alternative therapy in CBD.
Effect of naturopathic treatment on teachers with varicose veins: A case series
Authors: Thrisha Shivakumar , Avanthika Balu , Swathi Paetaehalli Shivappa , Bhavana Mandara , Saoji Apar Avinash
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective:

In the subcutaneous tissue, varicose veins are visible as swollen, convoluted veins. Since there are no scientific studies on the use of naturopathic modalities for varicose veins.

Materials and Methods:

we observed seven female teachers with working experience more than five years, they underwent naturopathic modalities (cabbage paste and neutral leg pack) for eight weeks on an alternate basis later they were followed up for 2 weeks during which they were asked to continue the intervention.

Results:

In comparison to the Aberdeen’s Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) scores following intervention each of them reported less discomfort, ankle swelling, discoloration, itching and interference with leisure and work. In regard to venous Doppler their Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) scores remarkably reduced. Throughout the intervention and follow up no negative occurrences were observed.

Conclusion:

The current case series thus suggests a potential role for naturopathic treatments in treating teachers with varicose veins.
Use of Tamoxifen in Treatment of Pubertal Gynecomastia, Data from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Acharya Shrikrishna V.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Pubertal gynecomastia is the most common breast swelling seen in adolescent males. It may affect up to 70% of male adolescents, with a peak age of appearance around 14 years. However, it may cause significant psychological disturbance, depression, and also mastalgia. Hence, we decided to analyze our data of tamoxifen treatment in pubertal gynecomastia.

Methods:

We did a retrospective study of all adolescent boys who presented to us with a history of unilateral or bilateral breast enlargement. We collected the data of all patients who were treated with tamoxifen 10 mg twice daily.

Results:

We included 45 patients in this study. The mean age of presentations was 14.2 years (standard deviation –3.8 years). Of these, 28 patients (62.2%) had bilateral gynecomastia and 17 patients (37.8%) had unilateral gynecomastia. The majority of them complained of mastalgia, i.e., 41 patients (91.1%). Of these 45 patients, 36 (80%) patients had complete response with disappearance of breast swelling with tamoxifen treatment. Five patients had considerable reduction in the size of swelling. Only four patients did not respond to the treatment, although they had mild reduction in size. Subsequently, these four patients underwent surgical resection since they had significant breast enlargement even after therapy. All patients with mastalgia responded to tamoxifen therapy with disappearance of pain within 3 months of treatment.

Conclusion:

Tamoxifen is safe for the treatment of pubertal gynecomastia. It is useful in not only in decreasing the pain but also causes complete disappearance of swelling in the significant number of patients if treatment is started early.
Knowledge and Awareness about Preventive Measures in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in College Level Athletes: A Scoping Review and Recommendations
Authors: Risaldar Prasad Bindumadhao , Panda Sougata
Published: January 2025

The principal restraint to the anterior translation of the tibia with regard to the femur is thought to be the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Most ACL injuries (up to 70%) occur without any or slight impaction, particularly in females. As many as 80% of ACL damages, according to studies, are produced by low-velocity, noncontact trauma. Regardless of regular postoperative role of knee, fear of re-injury is linked to stopping sporting activity after ACL surgeries. There is not enough information in the available literature about the causes of athletes quitting sports after ACL reconstruction. Despite having high knee function ratings, some athletes choose not to return to competition. To review and synthesize what is known about knowledge and awareness about preventive measures in ACL injuries among college-level athletes, different databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and PEDro were searched using MeSH terms ACL, return to sport, knowledge, and awareness. It was discovered that the participants lacked sufficient knowledge regarding the definition and consequences of ACL injuries, risk factors, and techniques for prevention. To lessen the disease and cure it properly, awareness is necessary.
Salivary Glucose as a Chairside Screening Tool for Diabetes and Periodontal Disease in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Subjects-A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Kapoor Shalini , Bhardwaj Amit
Published: January 2025

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is conceivably among the most ancient diseases recognized by humankind. Periodontal disease is the inflammation of the periodontal tissues surrounding the tooth. Periodontitis and diabetes mellitus are two medical conditions that closely correlate with overt inflammatory processes. The most common method for estimating average glucose levels in a diabetic individual is through blood analysis. Blood glucose estimation is often invasive, uncomfortable, and painful. Considering this, it seems imperative to develop a painless, noninvasive technique for tracking a diabetic patient’s sugar levels.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was planned on 289 subjects wherein the parameters recorded were random blood glucose, salivary glucose levels, and periodontal pocket depth. Random blood glucose was recorded using a capillary prick test. A lancet was used to prick the finger and record the random blood glucose with a glucometer. An unstimulated saliva sample was collected and placed on the test strip connected to a glucometer. The readings thus obtained were recorded. The periodontal pocket depth was calculated using a calibrated periodontal probe (UNC-15).

Results:

The findings of this study show a positive relationship between random blood glucose, salivary glucose, and periodontal pocket depth. Salivary glucose can provide insight into the plasma glucose level of diabetic individuals, making it a valuable, noninvasive tool for regular glucose monitoring.

Conclusion:

Overall, the results imply that salivary glucose estimation is a safe, noninvasive, and painless method to determine glycemic control in a diabetic individual. An association between salivary glucose, blood glucose, and periodontal pocket depth indicates that comprehensive oral and periodontal care could potentially be useful in regulating glycemic control and lowering the risk of complications associated with diabetes.
Beliefs, Cultural, and Religious Aspects of Organ Donation: A Focus Group Study among College Students in South India
Authors: Joseph Thresiamma , Aranha Priya Reshma
Published: January 2025

Background:

Although thousands of lifesaving organ transplants are performed every year, there remains an unmet need for organ donation (OD) worldwide. Many factors such as values, beliefs, culture, and religion inhibit the donation of organs. This study elicited the beliefs, cultural, and religious aspects of OD among college students.

Materials and Methods:

Eleven focus groups were conducted in 7 colleges, where 79 students aged 21–23 years pursuing the final year of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Commerce, Bachelor of Computer Application, and Bachelor of Business Administration were interviewed. Students’ responses related to the opinions, ideas, and perceptions regarding beliefs, cultural, and religious aspects of OD were recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Ten themes (with subthemes) emerged from the focus groups: a noble act to be encouraged, strong family opposition, psychological dimensions, myths, ethical dilemmas, knowledge deficits, strong religious conviction, reciprocal benefit, cultural facet, and moral considerations.

Conclusion:

Students and youth could be change agents in OD. Although OD is considered a generous, lifesaving gift, making positive decisions about OD is an individual choice. Our findings suggest that the beliefs and cultural and religious values affect the donation consent system and must be addressed.
Health-related quality of life after prosthodontic rehabilitation in patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: A systematic review
Authors: Chouksey Gunjan , Choure Rupali , Singhal Kritika
Published: January 2025

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures an individual’s ability to function optimally in various aspects of life and their subjective sense of well-being across the physical, mental, and social dimensions of health. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis often necessitates aggressive surgical removal of infected tissues and restoration of the defect. Evaluating patient satisfaction and HRQOL following prosthodontic rehabilitation is essential for assessing the effectiveness of interventions on individuals dealing with their condition. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of prosthodontic rehabilitation on the HRQOL of individuals affected by COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. The research strictly adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO 2023CRD42023495778). Comprehensive searches across databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar were done to include studies after the year 2020, written in English language, regardless of geographic location, which presented data on prosthodontic interventions for individuals affected by COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Independently, the three authors conducted a comprehensive quality assessment of the selected studies using the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) study quality assessment tool to gauge the risk of bias specifically for before–after (pre–post) studies lacking a control group. A total of 116 records were screened, out of which 109 records were excluded. Eight studies were included in the study. HRQOL assessment after prosthodontic intervention included functional, physical, social, and psychological limitations. Questionnaires that were included in the studies were the Obturator Functioning Scale, Appearance Anxiety Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, auditory perception analysis, Oral Health Impact Profile, and the Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire. The HRQOL was reported compositely in 2 out of 8 studies. There was an improvement after prosthodontic rehabilitation in all the studies. HRQOL in patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis shows improvement after prosthodontic rehabilitation. Obturators and zygomatic implant-supported prostheses are preferred options for rehabilitation in patients who have undergone maxillectomy due to COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Prosthodontic rehabilitation has a positive impact on the HRQOL of individuals affected by COVID-19-associated mucormycosis improving their functional, physical, social, and psychological well-being.