bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The conditional altruist and the Samaritan’s dilemma
Authors: Sescon Joselito
Published: August 2021

The Samaritan’s dilemma refers to any situation in which an actual or expected altruistic behavior of one actor generates an incentive for exploitation on the recipient, such that the altruist suffers a welfare loss beyond the cost of the originally intended transfer. This study hypothesized that the Samaritan’s dilemma condition does (not) apply when the help given is a substitute for (complement to) the effort of the beneficiary to help herself. Using static and sequential game analyses, it is proven that either substitution or complementary condition could arise in the act of giving and receiving help. It is in the substitution condition only that the Samaritan dilemma arises. The players in a sequential game, with the first-mover advantage, can transform the game’s payoffs by setting assistance or work effort at the outset that forces the other player to adjust. Thus, Buchanan’s Samaritan’s dilemma is not a universally strategic outcome in the altruistic acts of giving. The empirical part tested if the Samaritan’s dilemma pervades or not in Philippine households by investigating the effects of expenditures of gifts on work hours. Household total transfers (consumption gifts plus remittances) and household members’ work effort are found substitutes. Thus, the Samaritan’s dilemma equilibrium is implied. However, there is also an implied equilibrium outside that of the Samaritan’s dilemma among high-effort workers: for these theoretically "altruist" workers, the gifts and income transfers are complementary to work hours.
EARNINGS AND FIRM VALUE: THE MODERATING IMPACT OF LARGE DEFERRED TAXES AND LARGE ACCRUALS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sutopo Bambang , Adiati Arum Kusumaningdyah , Siddi Purnama
Published: August 2021

Deferred tax and accruals have the characteristic of causing reported earnings to be above or below normal. Both are permitted to be used by companies in financial reporting. This study examines whether large deferred taxes and large accruals have an impact on the relationship between earnings and firm value. Using a sample that includes 1938 company-year observations for the 2007−2017 periods listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), this study found that large positive deferred taxes with large positive accruals had weakened the relationship between earnings and firm value. In contrast to these results, a large negative deferred tax with a large negative accrual does not have an impact on the relationship between earnings and the firm value. This finding suggests that “liberal” accounting policies that cause reported “above normal” earnings have a negative effect on the association between earnings and firm value. However, “below normal” earnings resulting from “conservative” accounting policies do not affect the association between earnings and firm value. The uniqueness of this study is the incorporation of deferred taxes with accruals with variations in the form of positive versus negative and large versus small. The findings imply that the presentation of financial information with small deferred taxes and small accruals is more beneficial for investors compared to financial information with large positive deferred taxes and large positive accruals. However, results of this study indicate that large negative deferred taxes and large negative accruals, indicating conservative accounting, are not responded differently by investors.
Fe xvii 2p–3s Line Ratio Diagnostic of Shock Formation Radius in O Stars
Authors: Grell Gabriel J. , Leutenegger Maurice A. , Shah Chintan
Published: August 2021

The 2p–3s lines of Fe xvii in the X-ray spectrum of the O-type star ζ Puppis exhibit an anomalous (3G + M2)/(3F) line ratio of ∼1.4, in comparison with ∼2.4 for almost all other collisionally excited astrophysical spectra. Based on the work of Mauche et al., we conjectured that the strong UV field of ζ Puppis produces the observed ratio by depopulation of metastable 3s excited states, and that the ratio can potentially be used as an independent diagnostic of plasma formation radius. We used the Flexible Atomic Code collisional-radiative model to model the effect of UV photoexcitation from O stars on the Fe xvii lines. We compared our model calculations to archival spectra of coronal and hot stars from the Chandra HETGS and XMM-Newton RGS to benchmark our calculations for various electron densities and UV field intensities. Our calculations show that UV photoexcitation does not produce a sufficiently large dynamic range in the 3F / (3F + 3G + M2) fraction to explain the difference in the observed ratio between coronal stars and ζ Pup. Thus, this effect likely cannot explain the observed line ratio of ζ Pup, and its origin is still unexplained.
Physical Conditions in the LMC’s Quiescent Molecular Ridge: Fitting Non-LTE Models to CO Emission
Authors: Finn Molly K. , Indebetouw Remy , Johnson Kelsey E. , Costa Allison H. , Chen C.-H. Rosie , Kawamura Akiko , Onishi Toshikazu , Ott Jürgen , Tokuda Kazuki , Wong Tony , Zahorecz Sarolta
Published: August 2021

The Molecular Ridge in the LMC extends several kiloparsecs south from 30 Doradus, and it contains ∼30% of the molecular gas in the entire galaxy. However, the southern end of the Molecular Ridge is quiescent—it contains almost no massive star formation, which is a dramatic decrease from the very active massive-star-forming regions 30 Doradus, N159, and N160. We present new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment observations of the Molecular Ridge at a resolution as high as ∼16″ (∼3.9 pc) with molecular lines 12CO(1-0), 13CO(1-0), 12CO(2-1), 13CO(2-1), and CS(2-1). We analyze these emission lines with our new multiline non-LTE fitting tool to produce maps of T
kin,

n

H

2

, and N
CO across the region based on models from RADEX. Using simulated data for a range of parameter space for each of these variables, we evaluate how well our fitting method can recover these physical parameters for the given set of molecular lines. We then compare the results of this fitting with LTE and X
CO methods of obtaining mass estimates and how line ratios correspond with physical conditions. We find that this fitting tool allows us to more directly probe the physical conditions of the gas and estimate values of T
kin,

n

H

2

, and N
CO that are less subject to the effects of optical depth and line-of-sight projection than previous methods. The fitted

n

H

2

values show a strong correlation with the presence of young stellar objects (YSOs), and with the total and average mass of the associated YSOs. Typical star formation diagnostics, such as mean density, dense gas fraction, and virial parameter do not show a strong correlation with YSO properties.
Strong Correlation between Fe ii/Mg ii Ratio and Eddington Ratio of Type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Shin Jaejin , Woo Jong-Hak , Nagao Tohru , Kim Minjin , Bahk Hyeonguk
Published: August 2021

The Fe ii/Mg ii line flux ratio has been used as an indicator of the Fe/Mg abundance ratio in the broad-line region (BLR) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). On the basis of archival rest-frame UV spectra obtained via the Hubble Space Telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we investigate the Fe ii/Mg ii ratios of type 1 AGNs at z < 2. Over wide dynamic ranges of AGN properties (i.e., black hole mass, AGN luminosity, and Eddington ratio), we confirm that the Fe ii/Mg ii ratio strongly correlates with Eddington ratio but not with black hole mass, AGN luminosity, or redshift. Our results suggest that the metallicity in the BLR are physically related to the accretion activity of AGNs, but not to the global properties of galaxies (i.e., galaxy mass and luminosity). With regard to the relation between the BLR metallicity and the accretion rate of AGNs, we discuss that metal cooling may play an important role in enhancing the gas inflow into the central region of host galaxies, resulting in the high accretion rate of AGNs.
On the Nature of Organic Dust in Novae
Authors: Endo Izumi , Sakon Itsuki , Onaka Takashi , Kimura Yuki , Kimura Seiji , Wada Setsuko , Helton L. Andrew , Lau Ryan M. , Kebukawa Yoko , Muramatsu Yasuji , Ogawa Nanako O. , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Nakamura Masato , Kwok Sun
Published: August 2021

Recent astronomical observations and planetary missions have found that complex organics are prevalent throughout the universe, from the solar system to distant galaxies. However, the detailed chemical composition and the synthesis pathway of these organics are still unclear. Circumstellar envelopes represent excellent laboratories to study the abiological synthesis of extraterrestrial organics. Novae, having very short dynamical lifetimes, can put severe constraints on the chemical pathway of organic synthesis. Here, we report a laboratory simulation of carbonaceous dust with inclusion of Nitrogen in the form of Quenched Nitrogen-included Carbonaceous Composite (QNCC). QNCC is produced by the quenched condensation of plasma gas generated from the nitrogen gas, and aromatic and/or aliphatic hydrocarbon solids by applying microwave discharge (2.45 GHz, 300 W). We have shown that the spectra of QNCC have a close resemblance to the observed infrared spectra of novae. The results of the infrared and X-ray analyses suggest that the nitrogen inclusion in the form of amine plays an important role in the origin of the broad 8 μm feature of dusty novae. We conclude that QNCC is at present the best laboratory analog of organic dust formed in the circumstellar medium of dusty classical novae, which carries the unidentified infrared bands in novae via thermal emission process.
Virtual Meetings: Reflecting on Lessons Learned From the Past Year to Create a Systematic Approach to More Effective Meetings
Authors: Davis Rodnita K. , Chunta Kristy S. , Gerwick Michele
Published: August 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic caused tremendous disruption to health care operations across the United States in 2020. The enormous number of people living under some form of government restriction or lockdown required organizations to shift processes, and employees had to embrace a culture of working from home. Unsurprisingly, the demand for videoconferencing surged as a result. However, because of the abrupt pivot to facilitating many business processes, such as meetings, remotely, leaders needed to accept virtual conferencing as the “new normal” for the foreseeable future. This article uses the nursing process to assist nurse leaders in planning and implementing virtual meetings and addresses lessons learned during the past year of using videoconferencing.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(9):423–428.]
Intervention Studies on the Enhancement of Self-Concept Among Adolescent Mothers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bang Kyung-Sook , Kim Sungjae , Lee Gumhee , Jeong Yeseul , Shin Da-ae , Kim Misook
Published: August 2021

Self-concept affects the overall process of pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting among adolescent mothers. The current systematic review explores intervention studies on the enhancement of self-concept among adolescent mothers, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. English and Korean literature published within the past 10 years was searched and five articles met the inclusion criteria. To improve self-concept among adolescent mothers, especially self-esteem, it was deemed necessary to strengthen a balanced capacity of physiological, psychological, sociocultural, and developmental aspects, based on a comprehensive assessment. To provide effective intervention, it was essential to reflect the cultural characteristics of adolescent mothers' native countries. Lectures were confirmed as a representative method of enhancing self-concept and participatory learning methods, such as group discussions, group activities, practical skills training, and supervision, were considered effective for enhancing self-esteem by strengthening not only knowledge but also the motivation of adolescent mothers. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60
(3), 31–39.]
An LSTM-Based Approach to Predict Stock Price Movement for IT Sector Companies
Authors: Rammurthy Shruthi Komarla , Patil Sagar B.
Published: August 2021

A stock market is an aggregation of buyers and sellers where issuance, buying, and selling of stocks happen. Predicting stock price is a significant concern due to volatility. Historical stock price and historical price data reveal the effect of such factors. Since stock data is time series and prediction can be made accurately with time series forecasting model. LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) model, a particular kind of RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), based on time series forecasting used to predict stock price. LSTM doesn’t have long term dependencies because of its distinctive structure. The study focuses on major IT firms considering the company’s low and high prices. But, mid-price, which is a mean of the low and close price, is considered for the prediction. LSTM based methodology employing mid-price is effective in predicting values compared to other attributes and accuracy of prediction using the LSTM model. We conclude with the present model is more efficient in stock price prediction with a decrease in mean square error.
Game the Oretic Approach for Cloud Service Negotiation
Authors: Ramesh C.  , Santhiya K.  , Rakesh Kumar S.  , Patan Rizwan
Published: August 2021

Cloud computing is a booming technology in the area of digital markets. Tackling the nonfunctional characteristics is a big challenge between service consumers (SC) and service providers (SP). Without proper negotiation between the participants specifying their quality of service (QoS) requirements, service level agreement (SLA) cannot be achieved. Two strategies that are commonly prevalent in the negotiation process are concession model and trade off model. The concession model assures the service consumer (SC) receiving the services on time without any deferment. But service consumer has only limited utility. To balance the utility and achievement rates, the authors propose a mixed negotiation approach for cloud service negotiation, which is based on “Game of Chicken.” Extensive results show that a mixed negotiation approach brings equal amount of satisfaction to both service consumer and service provider in terms of achieving higher utility and outperforms the concession approach, while taking fewer time delays than that of a tradeoff approach.
Selectin Dependence of Allergic Skin Inflammation Is Diminished by Maternal Atopy
Authors: Khan Ibrahim M , Ulrich Benjamin J , Nelson Andrew S , Sehra Sarita , Kansas Geoffrey S , Kaplan Mark H
Published: August 2021

Allergic skin inflammation requires the influx of inflammatory cells into the skin. Extravasation of leukocytes into the skin requires interactions between endothelial selectins and their glycan ligands on the surface of leukocytes. Selectin-ligand formation requires the activity of several glycosyltransferases, including Fut7. In this report, we tested the importance of Fut7 for the development of allergic skin inflammation in the Stat6VT transgenic mouse model. We observed that Fut7 deficiency was protective but did not eliminate disease. Segregation of the data by gender of the parent that transmitted the Stat6VT transgene, but not by gender of the pups, which were analyzed for disease, revealed that the protective effects of Fut7 deficiency were significantly greater when dams were Stat6VT negative. In contrast, in mice from litters of Stat6VT+ dams, Fut7 deficiency resulted in only modest protection. These findings indicate that pups from atopic dams exhibit a greater propensity for allergic disease, similar to observations in humans, and that the effect of maternal atopy is due to enhanced selectin-independent mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment in their offspring. Together, these results demonstrate that Fut7 deficiency can be protective in a model of atopic dermatitis but that maternal atopy diminishes these protective effects, suggesting alternative pathways for leukocyte recruitment in the absence of Fut7 enzyme activity. These observations have implications for understanding how the environment in utero predisposes for the development of allergic disease.
Metabolic Adaptation of Macrophages as Mechanism of Defense against Crystalline Silica
Authors: Marrocco Antonella , Frawley Krystin , Pearce Linda L , Peterson James , O’Brien James P , Mullett Steven J , Wendell Stacy G , St Croix Claudette M , Mischler Steven E , Ortiz Luis A
Published: August 2021

Silicosis is a lethal pneumoconiosis for which no therapy is available. Silicosis is a global threat, and more than 2.2 million people per year are exposed to silica in the United States. The initial response to silica is mediated by innate immunity. Phagocytosis of silica particles by macrophages is followed by recruitment of mitochondria to phagosomes, generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-β) release. In contrast with LPS, the metabolic remodeling of silica-exposed macrophages is unclear. This study contrasts mitochondrial and metabolic alterations induced by LPS and silica on macrophages and correlates them with macrophage viability and cytokine production, which are central to the pathogenesis of silicosis. Using high-resolution respirometer and liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, we determined the effects of silica and LPS on mitochondrial respiration and determined changes in central carbon metabolism of murine macrophage cell lines RAW 264.7 and IC-21. We show that silica induces metabolic reprogramming of macrophages. Silica, as well as LPS, enhances glucose uptake and increases aerobic glycolysis in macrophages. In contrast with LPS, silica affects mitochondria respiration, reducing complex I and enhancing complex II activity, to sustain cell viability. These mitochondrial alterations are associated in silica, but not in LPS-exposed macrophages, with reductions of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, including succinate, itaconate, glutamate, and glutamine. Furthermore, in contrast with LPS, these silica-induced metabolic adaptations do not correlate with IL-1β or TNF-α production, but with the suppressed release of IFN-β. Our data highlight the importance of complex II activity and tricarboxylic acid cycle remodeling to macrophage survival and cytokine-mediated inflammation in silicosis.
Rheumatic immune-related adverse events from checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a case series
Authors: Laria Antonella , Lurati Alfredomaria , Castelnovo Laura , Tamburello Antonio , Faggioli Paola Maria , Mazzone Antonino
Published: August 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), and its ligand PD-L1 are established cancer immunotherapies for solid tumor and hematologic malignancies. These therapies are involved in immune-related adverse events (irAE), both general and rheumatic ones. In general, immune-related adverse events (irAE) management includes drug-holding, tapering doses of corticosteroids, and specific immunosuppression for clinically severe cases, such as infliximab or mycophenolate.
Knowledge, beliefs, and practices of people with Type 2 diabetes toward self-management and diabetic foot
Authors: Naguib Hani , Raman Shiju , Pinto Avinash , Al Mehrezi Aisha , Al Hinaii Aziza
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Diabetic foot syndrome is one of the most common and devastating preventable complications of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge and awareness about the disease can have a positive influence on attitude and practices of patients. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs, and practices (KBPs) regarding diabetes and diabetic foot syndrome among Omani type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: We studied 150 participants from the diabetes clinic, Bausher Polyclinic, Muscat. A questionnaire was used to determine KBPs around diabetic foot care. Results: There were 90 females and 60 males, 67.9% were older than 50 years, 42.7% were illiterate, and 72% of them were not working or retired. Only 38% checked their feet regularly; 5.6% had diabetic foot syndrome. Over half of the respondents (55.3%) did not know the causes of diabetic foot syndrome and half of the respondents did not know symptoms of the same. Just over one-third (37.3%) thought that their doctor alone was responsible for foot examination. Only 32.7% thought that they should examine their own feet. The majority believed that walking barefoot and diabetic foot syndrome are “big” problems (84% and 80%, respectively). More than three-quarters (78%) reported checking water temperature before use, 38.7% use warm water for washing feet, and 39.3% reported drying their feet after washing. Only 38% check their feet regularly. Finally, only one-third confirmed checking their blood sugar regularly. Conclusions: The KBP triad must be interconnected in order to achieve successful preventive foot care.
Conference highlights: The 81st Annual (Virtual) conference of the American diabetes association: June 25–29, 2021
Authors: Suliman Mohamed , Mohammed Nagi
Published: August 2021

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) annual conference is the most notable annual event in diabetes. Like many conferences in 2020 and 2021, it was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this highlights summary, we selected the sections that we felt are particularly relevant to practicing clinicians. The results of several long-awaited studies were released. These include the GRADE study, SURPASS, and STEP studies. The first ADA-European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus on the management of type 1 diabetes was also aired during the conference. Besides, the AMPLITUDE-O study with new data on the cardiovascular and renal effects of Efpeglenatide was published. The role of Teplizumab for the prevention of type 1 diabetes and Volagidemab in patients with type 1 diabetes were discussed. Furthermore, the PROMISE study on the safety and accuracy of next-generation 180 days implantable continuous glucose monitoring systems was published. New news included advancing the role of glucagon in treating and preventing severe hypoglycemia. Furthermore, the Effects on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from a pooled analysis of SOLOIST and SCORED studies were presented. Finally, data on Dapagliflozin in COVID-19 (DARE-19) and the STRENGTH versus REDUCE-IT studies were compared and contrasted. We hope to present a concise summary of the conference highlights for those who missed the live event.
Приближение функций дискретными суммами Фурье по полиномам,
ортогональным на неравномерной сетке с весом Якоби
Authors: Sultanakhmedov Murad Salikhovich
Published: August 2021

Пусть задано разбиение отрезка $[-1,1]$
произвольными узлами $\{\eta_j\}_{j=0}^N$,
где $\lambda_N=\max_{0\leqslant j \leqslant N-1}
(\eta_{j+1}-\eta_{j})$. Для непрерывной функции $f(t)$,
заданной на произвольной сетке $\Omega_N=\{t_j \mid
\eta_{j} \leqslant t_j \leqslant \eta_{j+1}\}_{j=0}^{N-1}$,
исследованы аппроксимативные свойства
дискретных сумм Фурье $\Lambda^{\alpha,\beta}_{n,N}(f,t)$
по полиномам $\widehat P^{\alpha,\beta}_{n,N}(t)$,
ортогональным на $\Omega_N$ с весом Якоби
$\kappa^{\alpha,\beta}(t)=(1-t)^{\alpha}(1+t)^{\beta}$
в случае целых неотрицательных параметров $\alpha$, $\beta$.
При ограничении $n=O(\lambda_N^{-1/3})$
на порядок рассматриваемых сумм Фурье получена поточечная оценка
функции Лебега $L^{\alpha,\beta}_{n,N}(t)$, зависящая от $n$ и
положения точки $t \in [-1,1]$:
$$
L^{\alpha,\beta}_{n,N}(t)=O[\ln{(n+1)}+
|\widehat P^{\alpha,\beta}_{n,N}(t)|+
|\widehat P^{\alpha,\beta}_{n+1,N}(t)|].
$$
Библиография: 19 названий.
Верхние границы средних максимумов независимых случайных
величин при известных четырех первых моментах
Authors: Ivanov Daniil Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

Работа посвящена изучению условных границ математического
ожидания максимума независимых одинаково распределенных
стандартизованных случайных величин, для которых известны
значения коэффициентов асимметрии и эксцесса. С помощью
неравенства Гeльдера получена оценка сверху (в виде нижней
грани некоторого выражения с параметрами) и сформулирован
критерий достижимости этой оценки. Также найдена нижняя
оценка для верхней границы математического ожидания максимума.
Приведена более простая и грубая оценка сверху в явном виде.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Алгоритм Висковатова для полиномов Эрмита-Паде
Authors: Ikonomov Nikolay Rumenov , Suetin Sergey Pavlovich
Published: August 2021

Предлагается и обосновывается алгоритм нахождения полиномов Эрмита-Паде 1-го типа для произвольного набора из $m+1$ формальных степенных рядов $[f_0,…,f_m]$, $m\geqslant1$, заданных в точке $z=0$ ($f_j\in\mathbb C[[z]]$) в предположении, что эти ряды обладают определенным свойством невырожденности (находятся "в общем положении"). Предложенный алгоритм является непосредственным обобщением классического алгоритма Висковатова для нахождения полиномов Паде (т.е. при $m=1$ совпадает с этим алгоритмом).
Алгоритм основан на рекуррентных соотношениях, и к моменту нахождения полиномов Эрмита-Паде, соответствующих мультииндексу $(k+1,k+1,k+1,…,k+1,k+1)$, оказываются найденными все полиномы Эрмита-Паде, соответствующие мультиндексам $(k,k,k,…,k,k)$, $(k+1,k,k,…,k,k)$, $(k+1,k+1,k,…,k,k)$, …, $(k+1,k+1,k+1,…,k+1,k)$.
Показано, каким образом можно, изменив начальные условия, вычислять с помощью этого алгоритма рекуррентным образом и полиномы Эрмита-Паде, соответствующие мультииндексам другого вида.
Алгоритм устроен таким образом, что на каждом $n$-м шаге итерации вычисления могут быть распараллелены на $m+1$ независимых вычислений.
Библиография: 30 названий.
О двух игровых задачах о сближении
Authors: Ershov Aleksandr Anatol'evich , Ushakov Andrei Vladimirovich , Ushakov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: August 2021

Рассматривается нелинейная конфликтно управляемая система в конечномерном евклидовом пространстве и на конечном промежутке времени. Изучаются две взаимосвязанные игровые задачи о сближении системы с компактами в фиксированный момент времени. Представлен подход к конструированию приближенных решений игровых задач о сближении. В основном рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с конструированием в фазовом пространстве аппроксимаций множеств разрешимости игровых задач.
Библиография: 35 названий.
Interspecies Reconstructed Embryonic Cell Interaction between Campbell Hamster (Phodopus campbelli) and Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Haq Noer Muhammad Dliyaul , Pristihadi Diah , Budiariati Vista , Budiono Dwi , Fikri Al Mukhlas , Fahrudin Mokhamad , Sumantri Cece , Boediono Arief
Published: August 2021

Interspecies embryo transfer is a seldom-used method to increase the successful conservation of endangered species. The study aimed to determine the potential development of interspecies reconstructed embryos. The present study used two animal models, Campbell hamsters (Phodopus campbelli) and mice (Mus musculus). The isolated inner cell mass (ICM) of hamster embryos were injected into the mice embryos. The embryos were transferred to the pseudopregnant mice using non-surgery embryos transfer methods. The fetuses were collected at day 13.5 of gestation for morphometric measurement and cytochrome b (Cyt b) analysis which used to determine the species of obtained fetuses. The results showed that the viability, pregnancy rate, and embryonic implantation ability of the interpecies reconstructed embryos did not differ significantly (p>0.05) compared to non-reconstructed embryos. Morphometric measurement showed that the crown-rump (CR) and the weight of fetuses in the reconstructed group were significantly higher than non-reconstructed group (p<0.05). According to Cytb analysis, the species of obtained fetuses were mice, while the population of hamster cells were found only in the blighted ovum (resorption). Therefore, it can be concluded that interspecies reconstructed embryos are able to implant. However, the population of mice cells are only found to develop.
Antihyperglycemic Activity of Java Tea-Based Functional Drink-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Rekasih Monita , Muhandri Tjahja , Safithri Mega , Wijaya Christofora Hanny
Published: August 2021

Functional drinks containing the leaves of Java tea has been shown to offer many health functionalities, particularly to lower blood glucose levels, due to its bioactive compounds. Nanoencapsulation technology was reported being able to protect these bioactive compounds and also enhance their bioavailability. This study examined the use of nanoencapsulation techniques to improve the bioavailability of Java tea-based functional effervescent drink and enhance its antihyperglycemic activity. Three versions were prepared in this study: ready to drink (RTD) as the control, microencapsulated, and nanoencapsulated. They were all measured for their total phenolic content (TPC) before being tested for their antihyperglycemic activity. The TPC of RTD, microencapsulated, and nanoencapsulated Java tea-based functional drinks (JTFD) were 998,425, 735,433, and 663,517 ppm, respectively. The antihyperglycemic activities were evaluated by feeding each beverage to streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats for fourteen days. Nanoencapsulated JTFD was found to be more superior than the other two formulations to decrease the blood glucose level (7.98%), maintain the feed intake, body weight, improve the viability of Langerhans and beta-cells by 49.09%, 32.50%, respectively.
Comparison of reproductive organs structure in various genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris grown under the same conditions in Mersin, Turkey
Authors: Tekdal Dilek , Shawuti Can Shalima , Küçükrecep Aslı
Published: August 2021

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a plant having hermaphroditic flowers, which are self-fertilizing. Common bean is a important commercial crop and one of Turkey’s most valuable grain legumes for human consumption. Genetic variation exists within and between bean populations. These variations can have an impact on the plants morphology, including reproductive organs. Variations in size and length of reproductive organs may cause different cell numbers and various fertilization successes. In this study, the response of four determinate common bean genotypes (Akman, Bitlis 117, Göksun, and Karacaşehir) to reproductive organ structure was studied. Plants were grown at 21/16 °C (day/night) and 12 h photoperiod in a greenhouse in Mersin, Turkey. Besides focusing mainly on pollen development, fertilization success factors such as pod and seed set were also assessed. Pod and seed set were evaluated numerically for each genotype. For pollen morphology, flower buds of the equal growth stage of all four bean genotypes were collected, and these samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The species have distinct morphological characteristics concerning pollen size, ornamentation patterns of the exine, and endoaperture type. It is also crucial to examine pollen dispersion in the pollinated flowers, as it may influence reproductive success. However, pollen wall architecture was similar in all genotypes tested. Despite general morphological similarity, differences in pollen viability and pod and seed number were observed. Although Akman genotype had the largest flowers, the Karacaşehir genotype was found to be the most productive one. The findings presented here can be helpful for researchers studying bean breeding and those investigating the morphological variation in different Phaseolus genotypes.
Perfil metodológico del docente de matemática y su relación con la informática
Authors: Tovar Ensony José
Published: August 2021

Esta investigación establece las discrepancias en la aplicación de la Didáctica y Metodología empleada por el docente de matemática, relacionada con la unidad programática Computación e Informática de la E.B.V. Está ubicada en el contexto de la investigación evaluativa y el procedimiento metodológico aplicado está centrado en el método descriptivo-exploratorio, para lo cual se diseñó un instrumento conformado por 36 ítems referido, por una parte, a lo real (ES) y por la otra, a lo ideal (DEBERÍA SER). Su aplicación a los docentes de matemática que laboran en la III Etapa, facilitó el acopio de la información, cuyo análisis derivó entre otros, los siguientes resultados: .-Existe, en general, una alta discrepancia entre el "ES" y el "DEBERIA SER" del perfil metodológico de los docentes. .- Los docentes manifiestan, la no inclusión y desarrollo de la unidad programática Computación e Informática en su planificación anual.
Implantación de la educación básica, auge y crisis del proyecto 1979-1989
Authors: Rojas de Chirinos Blanca , Reyes Leal Carmen Yaquelina
Published: August 2021

Este artículo resume los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como propósito comprender bajo un criterio de aproximación sobre la base de tres variables: Estado, Ideología y Educación, los cambios en el sistema educativo venezolano como producto de la reforma educativa fundamentada en el concepto de Estado Promotor, que se sustentaba según Urbaneja D (1985) en: un principio socialcristiano llamado el principio de subsidiariedad, según el cual el Estado debe dejar que las sociedades intermedias lleven a cabo lo que puedan realizar por sí mismas. En atención a la estrategia de recolección de información, el estudio se inscribe en la modalidad de investigación documental que en atención a la disciplina corresponde a una investigación histórica de carácter interpretativo que se ubica en la perspectiva sociohistórica de la educación. El proceso de investigación se inició  con un arqueo de fuentes con la finalidad de precisar información  referente al tiempo y espacio en el cual se dio la Reforma Educativa. En la medida que se recopiló la información, se levantó una matriz de análisis donde se registraron los datos sobre el contexto sociopolítico; los fundamentos ideológicos-políticos de la Escuela, los cambios curriculares más significativos y la evolución histórico-legal de la supervisión educativa en Venezuela correspondiente a la tercera década de la Democracia Venezolana comprendida entre 1979 y 1989. Los resultados de la investigación evidencian que esta etapa culmina con el planteamiento de una propuesta de descentralización limitada y progresiva, dirigida en un primer momento sólo al nivel preescolar y básico, con énfasis en una transferencia futura en primero a los municipios y de segundo a los estados.
Programa para la formulación de líneas de investigación bajo el enfoque holístico en el IUTAJS
Authors: Cabrera Ninoska , Gómez V. Luis J.
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio consistió en la presentación de un programa para la formulación de líneas de investigación bajo el enfoque holístico, que  permita  la vinculación de los trabajos de grado con las necesidades del sector productivo regional en el Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Antonio José de Sucre (IUTAJS), Extensión Barquisimeto. La investigación fue desarrollada bajo la modalidad de  Proyecto Especial, sustentada en un estudio de campo de carácter descriptivo. Se concluye que la necesidad institucional de diseñar líneas de investigación bajo el enfoque holístico, se deriva del rol socializador que desempeña la investigación en las instituciones de educación superior, como elemento vinculante de las funciones académicas de docencia, investigación y extensión, recomendándose para ello la aplicación de la propuesta en el proceso de gestión y transferencia de activos de conocimiento del IUTAJS.
Enseñanza desde el enfoque conductual de Skinner
Authors: Oviedo G Yajaira del Carmen , Castillo R Nellys Marisol
Published: August 2021

El enfoque conductual de Skinner constituye un tema controversial en el ámbito educativo. Es a partir de sus ideas y principios centrados en el método experimental que se construye la presente reflexión documental. La misma sirve como contribución significativa para maestros, psicólogos, psicopedagogos y futuros docentes en formación inicial, ya que difunde una concepción de aprendizaje que tiene su repercusión al ámbito de la enseñanza. La trascendencia de los programas de reforzamiento y el moldeamiento de conductas por aproximaciones sucesivas, es crucial para explicar los fundamentos de la Instrucción Programada tan valorada como herramienta útil en la pedagogía, producto de las ideas de este teórico conductual. El ensayo expresa una introducción al tópico que explica el contexto en el cual se gesta el enfoque, posteriormente su implicación en la enseñanza hasta abordar la trascendencia a la connotación social del aprendizaje.
Perspectiva etnográfica de la calidad del desempeño gerencial en el aula de los docentes de postgrado de la Universidad Yacambú, ubicada en Barquisimeto, estado Lara
Authors: Prado Zaida , Mejías de Pichardo Liee
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio se enmarca en la metodología cualitativa. Su propósito es interpretar los significados de los informantes claves, en relación a los criterios de calidad que mejoran el desempeño gerencial en el aula de los docentes de postgrado de la Universidad Yacambú (UNY). Se realizó bajo el método etnográfico, utilizándose la técnica de la entrevista a profundidad, dirigida a los docentes de postgrado que laboran en la UNY y estudiantes con la carga académica concluida en la Maestria Gerencia Educacional. La información obtenida fue categorizada en los elementos que contribuyen a elevar la calidad del desempeño gerencial. Se concluye que el desempeño gerencial en el aula de los docentes de postgrado es excelente en líneas generales, de acuerdo a lo expresado por los informantes claves. Sin embargo, existen docentes que poseen debilidades al respecto. Finalmente, se recomienda la actualización permanente de los docentes en relación a estrategias innovadoras de aprendizaje.
Danza de emociones y sentidos al ritmo de un concierto de imágenes
Authors: Parra Víctor
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo es un conjunto de reflexiones registradas y sistematizadas a través de una investigación naturalista, desde una epistemología subjetivista, interpretativa y fenomenológica. El propósito principal fue interpretar los significados atribuidos por los actores sociales (estudiantes de doctorado) a sus experiencias de enseñanza aprendizaje en el Seminario "Análisis Cultural y Registro Visual, de la III cohorte del Programa lnterinstitucional Doctorado en Educación (PIDE)", desarrollado en Barquisimeto Edo. Lara, en el año del 2005; y con ello alcanzar una aproximación a la comprensión de los fenómenos sociales construidos en el aula. El análisis se basó en la selección de un conjunto de fotografias y de las mismas se hizo una serie de observaciones y descripciones, basadas en las subjetividades generadas por cada actor. Simultáneamente a través de la teoría fundamentada, con su método de comparación constante, se codificó, categorizó y relacionaron las estructuras y procesos que representan de manera conceptual el fenómeno en cuestión (GIaser y Strauss, 1967).
Cuestionario sobre clima organizacional universitario. Cualidades psicométricas
Authors: Mujica de González Marialida , Pérez de Maldonado Isabel
Published: August 2021

Con el propósito de proveer a gerentes de las universidades con una medida del clima organizacional, válida, confiable y oportuna para la toma de decisiones, este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas de un cuestionario de clima organizacional universitario (CCLIOU). Éste fue respondido por 271 profesores de la Universidad Centroccidental "Lisandro Alvarado". El CCLIOU en su primera versión estuvo conformado por 118 ítemes. El análisis del CCLIOU reportó: (a) validez de contenido según juicio de expertos (12 profesionales lo validaron) y coeficiente de Kendall (W = 0,90); (b) poder discriminativo en los ítemes; (c) una estructura bifactorial para cada uno de los componentes del clima: Imagen Gerencial, Relaciones Sociales, Toma de Decisiones y Tarea; y (d) confiabilidad de 0,97. En el proceso de análisis se excluyeron 54 ítemes. Las propiedades psicométricas corresponden a una versión de 64 ítemes. Se concluye que el cuestionario es adecuado para medir el clima organizacional universitario.
Nuevas unidades léxicas en textos académicos y dificultades para su comprensión lectora
Authors: Arrieta de Meza Beatriz , Meza Cepeda Rafael D. , Batista  Ojeda Judith
Published: August 2021

La investigación presentada en este artículo se planteó como objetivo analizar las dificultades de comprensión lectora y las estrategias que aplican para su solución los  estudiantes universitarios cuando encuentran, en sus textos académicos, nuevas adquisiciones lexicales incorporadas al idioma castellano. En base a referencias fue diseñado un instrumento de recolección de datos aplicado a una muestra conformada por cinco grupos de estudiantes, pertenecientes a las áreas de matemática, ingeniería, idiomas, letras hispánicas y pedagogía. Entre las conclusiones más relevantes se encuentran: incomprensión del significado de los términos nuevos debido a su introducción en el lenguaje académico escrito; carencia de diccionarios especializados actualizados que contribuyan a aclarar dudas neológicas; confusión  semántica cuando los neologismos provienen de préstamos de otros idiomas, y problemas de comprensión cuando las nuevas unidades léxicas no cumplen con las restricciones morfofonémicas del castellano para la formación de nuevas palabras.
La práctica evaluativa desde la perspectiva de los docentes. una experiencia de investigación acción colaborativa en el grupo escolar “Ciudad de Maturín”, Barquisimeto, estado Lara
Authors: Silva Elgis , Oviedo Yajaira
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo se abordó desde la perspectiva metodológica cualitativa de la investigación - acción en su modalidad colaborativa, con el propósito transformar la evaluación del aprendizaje a partir del diseño de acciones para la reflexión y el análisis de la práctica evaluativa de los docentes del grupo escolar Ciudad de Maturín, en el municipio Iribarren, Estado Lara, la investigación transcurrió durante el período escolar 2005-2006, abarcando cuatro fases: reconocimiento e interpretación de la problemática, la planificación de acciones tendentes a solventar la realidad evaluativa, ejecución de estas acciones y valoración de los hallazgos por los coinvestigadores del estudio. Las técnicas para la recolección de la información consistieron en la observación participante, los grupos de discusión y el testimonio focalizado, como instrumento los diarios de registro de campo. Las evidencias develadas por los docentes permitieron concluir que desde la reflexión - acción - reflexión emergieron significados y sentidos compartidos sobre el carácter pedagógico de la evaluación cualitativa para su comprensión como proceso complejo.
El proceso de autoevaluación del desempeño docente
Authors: Suárez Isabel , Mendoza Beatriz , Sánchez Carlos
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo refiere una investigación que tuvo como objetivos describir el desarrollo del  proceso de autoevaluación del desempeño docente en la Escuela Técnica Comercial "Dr. Ambrosio Perera" de Barquisimeto Estado Lara e identificar los criterios que deben formar parte de la autoevaluación. Es una investigación de campo de tipo descriptivo. La  población está conformada por  84 docentes y para determinar el tamaño de la muestra, se tomó  el criterio de Busot (1998), con un nivel de significancia  del 0,35 el cual implica que el investigador tiene el 90% de seguridad para generalizar, en este caso resultó una muestra de 29 docentes. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un  cuestionario cuyos procesamientos posteriores  se realizó en forma manual utilizando cuadros para presentar las frecuencias y los porcentajes que facilitaron el análisis de los resultados. Los datos aportados por los  informantes permitieron concluir  que es importante la evaluación y autoevaluación del desempeño, la autoevaluación la  realizan al finalizar de cada lapso, toman en cuenta la opinión de sus colegas y alumnos y  consideran que la autoevaluación debe contener los aspectos instrumentales, interpersonales, sistémicos, los criterios de autorreflexión, grabaciones en audio y videos, portafolios,  actuación del alumno  y elaboración de diarios.
Estrategias para la enseñanza de la célula aplicadas por docentes de Educación Básica
Authors: Tapia L. Fernando J. , Arteaga Q. Yannett J.
Published: August 2021

Las estrategias de enseñanza han sido definidas como los procedimientos utilizados para  promover el logro de aprendizajes significativos en los alumnos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue, identificar estrategias para la enseñanza de la célula aplicadas por docentes del 9no grado de la educación básica. Esta investigación con enfoque cualitativo siguió la modalidad de estudio de casos, participando dos docentes. Las técnicas de recolección de información fueron: la observación no participante, la entrevista y el análisis de artefactos. Las categorías de análisis se establecieron según las estrategias de enseñanza propuestas por Díaz y Hernández (2004). Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la triangulación metodológica. Como estrategia predominante se encontró que prevaleció el uso del discurso oral, predominando la utilización de preguntas intercaladas y señalizaciones. Los resultados, revelaron inconsistencias entre las estrategias propuestas por el currículo, las referidas por el docente en las entrevistas, y las observadas en el aula.
Evolución del proceso de enseñanza de la Geografía en la UPEL-IPB entre 1959 y 2007
Authors: Paradas Pérez Luis Alberto
Published: August 2021

Conocer la evolución del proceso de enseñanza de la geografía indujo al planteamiento y desarrollo de esta investigación, donde se estableció como objetivos: (a) Identificar las pautas curriculares que evidencian la evolución de los estudios de geografía en la UPEL-IPB desde 1959 hasta el año 2007 y (b) ‘Contextualizar el proceso, al considerar las condiciones del país y de la ciudad, las específicas de la institución y las referidas a la epistemología de la geografía. La investigación es de tipo documental descriptiva, no experimental, longitudinal. Los datos procesados se presentan  en cuadros con interpretación, para ello se combinó la descripción estadística y el análisis lógico. Los resultados logrados se concretan en planes de estudio, unidades de crédito, escalas de evaluación en la carrera, duración de los estudios de pregrado y un contexto que comprende: evolución interna de la institución, recursos humanos, programas, matrícula, egresados, influencia de la investigación y de los estudios de maestría, condiciones del país y  la ciudad. Es un aporte cuando Venezuela anuncia cambios en otros niveles y modalidades escolares.
3. La autoevaluación como proceso para la acreditación de postgrados: caso Doctorado en Educación - Universidad de Oriente
Authors: Ortega Marcano María Teresa , Salmasi Villarroel Nadima , Sánchez Carreño José
Published: August 2021

En este estudio se analizan las experiencias y perspectivas de los procesos de evaluación de postgrados en la universidad venezolana, con énfasis en la autoevaluación. La investigación es cualicuantitativa, focalizada en el Doctorado en Educación de la Universidad de Oriente. La información se obtuvo a través del análisis de la documentación institucional y la consulta a informantes clave. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, una buena valoración al programa, a través de su organización y adecuación a los lineamientos con respecto a los estudios de postgrado a nivel nacional; por el otro, un nivel de aceptación positivo por parte de los actores involucrados en su administración. Se concluye que la autoevaluación como proceso, impulsará cambios alejados de la evaluación institucional impuesta e incrementarán el compromiso de los actores en el proceso evaluativo, generando mayor identidad institucional y cohesión del grupo, tanto para enfrentar dificultades como para compartir logros.