bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of idiopathic granulomatous vasculitis with phlebitis and underlying subcutaneous necrotizing venulitis
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan, Chen Ko-Ron , Orikasa Reiko , Yamamoto Toshiyuki ,   Department of Dermatology, Ohta Nishinouchi General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan,   Meguro Chen Dermatology Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2023

Granulomatous vasculitis in skin lesions is rarely seen in non-infectious granulomatous diseases and other systemic disorders. Herein, we report a unique case of cutaneous vasculitis in which granulomatous phlebitis was observed in a muscular vein at the dermal–subcutaneous junction and necrotizing granulomatous venulitis in the underlying subcutaneous tissues.
Basosquamous cell carcinoma: A specific finding of a basaloid squamous cell transition
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan, Igaria Shohei , Miuraa Takako , Yamamotob Osamu , Yamamotoa Toshiyuki ,   Department of Dermatology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
Published: January 2023

Basosquamous cell carcinoma is a relatively rare tumor with unique histopathological features of both basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Herein, we report a case of basosquamous cell carcinoma on the face of an elderly male.
Severity of acne and quality of life of patients treated at Cameroonian hospitals (sub-Saharan Africa)
Authors:   Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon, Kouotou Emmanuel Armand ,   Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon,   University Teaching Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Ivory Coast,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Cotonou, Benin,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Bamenda, Cameroon,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Douala, Cameroon, Feungue Ulrich Nguena , Ngoune Madjoukeng Audrey Sandra , Nkoro Grâce Anita , Sigha Berline Odette , Ekambi R Kotto , Zoung-Kanyi Bissek Anne Cécile
Published: January 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the severity of acne and the impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients undergoing anti-acne treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2017 at three hospitals in Yaoundé. Patients suffering from acne and under treatment were consecutively included. Clinical severity and QoL were assessed with the ECLA and CADI scales, respectively. Data was analyzed with SPSS 23.0. We employed the ANOVA test and linear regression to search for associations between variables. The significance level was at 5%. Results: We recruited 113 patients, predominantly female (83%), with a mean age of 26.0 ± 6.4 years. Mild-to-moderate forms were predominant (74%). The mean ECLA score was 10.1 ± 4.6, with a majority of the participants 74.3% (84/113) having mild-to-moderate acne, while 25.7% (29/113) had severe acne. The majority of the patients found the treatment expensive (69%). Therapeutic education had been conducted in 46.9% of the patients, and 60.2% of them reported a relapse during treatment. An impairment in QoL was found in 99% of the patients. The mean global QoL score was 6.3 ± 3.4. The impairment in QoL was positively correlated with clinical severity (r = 0.40; p = 0.003). Conclusion: The study revealed a predominance of mild-to-moderate forms of acne, an alteration in the QoL of almost all patients studied, and a positive correlation between the clinical severity of acne and the impairment in QoL. Key words: Acne; Clinical severity; Quality of life; Treatment; Cameroon; Sub-Saharan Africa
Pregnancy and cutaneous changes
Authors:   Department Of Dermatology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Chengalpattu, Indi, Selvakumar Priya , Kumar Prabhalya , Shwetha Selvakumar ,   Vani Nursing Home, Chennai, India, 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,   PSP Medical College Hospital And Research Institute, Oragadam, India
Published: January 2023

Background: Pregnancy is associated with a number of changes in the skin. Some are directly related to pregnancy (dermatoses of pregnancy), some are modified by pregnancy, and yet others are referred to as physiological. We undertook a clinical study to determine the frequency and pattern of skin changes in pregnant females. Materials and Methods: A six-month, multi-centric, cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 250 pregnant females participated in the study. Detailed history taking and complete dermatological examination were performed. Results were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Physiological skin changes were the most common finding, with pigmentary changes in 98% of the cases. Specific dermatoses of pregnancy were observed in 6.8% of the cases, with atopic eruption of pregnancy being the most common (4.8%). The prevalence of fungal infections was 9.6%. One case of psoriasis was exacerbated by pregnancy. Conclusion: Pregnant females are more likely to experience cutaneous manifestations. In order to establish the diagnosis, thorough history taking and knowledge of the clinical presentation are necessary. Key words: Pregnancy-specific dermatoses; Pregnancy; Physiological changes; Skin
The Hidden Costs of Financing a National Football League Stadium with Municipal Bonds: The Case of Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas
Authors: Diosdado Leobardo , Lam Marco , Parrish Charlie
Published: January 2023

The development of professional sports stadiums in the United States typically relies on public funding in the form of municipal bonds. Prior research has identified several economic and noneconomic reasons local governments choose to direct public funds towards the construction of stadiums. The overall conclusion of this research suggests sport stadiums do not result in significant increases in economic activity and therefore subsidized stadium development projects lack economic justification. In this study, the process of issuing bonds is examined. The authors describe the bond issuance process and utilize data associated with the bonds for the development of Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas, Nevada to quantify the hidden costs associated with financing the venue. Findings demonstrate the financial consequences for taxpayers resulting from a lack of transparency in the municipal bond issuance process.
Políticas migratorias y de diversidad sexual en Chile: tensionando la retórica del consenso posdictatorial
Authors: Galaz Caterine , Stang María Fernanda , Lara Antonia
Published: January 2023

With the end of the civil-military dictatorship, Chile began a socio-political transition marked by a rhetoric of “consensus,” which resulted in the neutralization of differences, leading LGBTI+ and migrant experiences to situate themselves in a place of non-contradiction. This article aims to observe the tension in understanding citizenship in the post-dictatorship period based on the demands of LGTBI+ and migrants in the country. We present a critical documentary analysis —from a queer feminist approach— of sexuality and migration policies, which show a clear assimilationist slant based on an idea of “citizen” that does not disrupt transitional peace. Emphasis is placed on the contradictions between the grand narrative of the peace agreement and post-dictatorship cohesion and the invisibilizations that LGBTI+ and migrant collectives went through. Likewise, the generalist uses of diversity as a renewed form of assimilation are highlighted. The originality of this analysis lies in the fact that it provides an intersectional review of how policies are usually thought of under a single vector of difference —class, origin, or sexuality— without bringing to the forefront the articulation of differentiating social structures in which the new transitional process is structured. We conclude that, in the processes of differentiation that reified these norms, dissidents and migrants were labeled as a “problematic otherness,” over which government was exercised, mainly to avoid a deviation from the frameworks accepted as “normal” for the security of the recent Chilean democracy.
Las otras memorias de Gio Infante: repensar la homotransfobia y la violencia política en el Perú contemporáneo
Authors: Cornejo Giancarlo
Published: January 2023

Queer activist Gio Infante was one of the most lucid voices of the Peruvian social movements. At the age of 31, Infante’s early death stopped a political and intellectual becoming that deserves to be revisited. Cultivating Gio Infante’s memories is an effort to dispute the problematic desires for social normalization of some LGBTQ subjects and, more importantly, to dare to imagine queer horizons in which their lives are not socially and materially determined by violence. This article offers a close reading of Infante’s essay, “The Other Memories: Persecution, Torture, and Death of Homosexuals During the Internal Armed Conflict” (“Las otras memorias: persecución, tortura y muerte de homosexuales durante el conflicto armado interno”), published in 2013. Infante invites us to nurture painful and subversive memories that allow us to glimpse political and affective anti-racist, feminist and queer coalitions. For Infante, the material conditions for imagining a queer peace do not yet exist in the present. Instead, Infante mobilizes the other memories as an analytic that allows him to open the past’s virtualities, to try to repair political violence’s anonymizing effect. In opposition to homonormative articulations and right-wing political consensuses, Infante tirelessly argues for the need to think critically about the material conditions of production, reproduction, and reification of homotransphobia in the present.
Code for What?
Authors: Lee Clifford , Soep Elisabeth
Published: January 2023

Coding for a purpose: helping young people combine journalism, data, design, and code to make media that makes a difference.

Educators are urged to teach “code for all”—to make a specialized field accessible for students usually excluded from it. In this book, Clifford Lee and Elisabeth Soep instead ask the question, “Code for what?” What if coding were a justice-driven medium for storytelling rather than a narrow technical skill? What if “democratizing” computer science went beyond the usual one-off workshop and empowered youth to create digital products for social impact? Lee and Soep answer these questions with stories of a diverse group of young people in Oakland, California, who combine journalism, data, design, and code to create media that makes a difference.

These teenage and young adult producers created interactive projects that explored gendered and racialized dress code policies in schools; designed tools for LBGTQ+ youth experiencing discrimination; investigated facial recognition software and what can be done about it; and developed a mobile app to promote mental health through self-awareness and outreach for support, and more, for distribution to audiences that could reach into the millions. Working with educators and media professionals at YR Media, an award-winning organization that helps young people from underserved communities build skills in media, journalism, and the arts, these teens found their own vibrant answers to “why code?” They code for insight, connection and community, accountability, creative expression, joy, and hope.
EHD2 overexpression promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer by regulating store-operated calcium entry
Authors: Luan Haitao , Bielecki Timothy A , Mohapatra Bhopal C , Islam Namista , Mushtaq Insha , Bhat Aaqib M , Mirza Sameer , Chakraborty Sukanya , Raza Mohsin , Storck Matthew D , Toss Michael S , Meza Jane L , Thoreson Wallace B , Coulter Donald W , Rakha Emad A , Band Vimla , Band Hamid
Published: January 2023

With nearly all cancer deaths a result of metastasis, elucidating novel pro-metastatic cellular adaptations could provide new therapeutic targets. Here, we show that overexpression of the EPS15-Homology Domain-containing 2 (EHD2) protein in a large subset of breast cancers (BCs), especially the triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2+ subtypes, correlates with shorter patient survival. The mRNAs for EHD2 and Caveolin-1/2, structural components of caveolae, show co-overexpression across breast tumors, predicting shorter survival in basal-like BC. EHD2 shRNA knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout with mouse Ehd2 rescue, in TNBC cell line models demonstrate a major positive role of EHD2 in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis. Mechanistically, we link these roles of EHD2 to store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), with EHD2-dependent stabilization of plasma membrane caveolae ensuring high cell surface expression of the SOCE-linked calcium channel Orai1. The novel EHD2-SOCE oncogenic axis represents a potential therapeutic target in EHD2- and CAV1/2-overexpressing BC.
Application of deep learning for bronchial asthma diagnostics using respiratory sound recordings
Authors: Aptekarev Theodore , Sokolovsky Vladimir , Furman Evgeny , Kalinina Natalia , Furman Gregory
Published: January 2023

Methods of computer-assisted diagnostics that utilize deep learning techniques on recordings of respiratory sounds have been developed to diagnose bronchial asthma. In the course of the study an anonymous database containing audio files of respiratory sound recordings of patients suffering from different respiratory diseases and healthy volunteers has been accumulated and used to train the software and control its operation. The database consists of 1,238 records of respiratory sounds of patients and 133 records of volunteers. The age of tested persons was from 18 months to 47 years. The sound recordings were captured during calm breathing at four points: in the oral cavity, above the trachea, at the chest, the second intercostal space on the right side, and at the point on the back. The developed software provides binary classifications (diagnostics) of the type: “sick/healthy” and “asthmatic patient/non-asthmatic patient and healthy”. For small test samples of 50 (control group) to 50 records (comparison group), the diagnostic sensitivity metric of the first classifier was 88%, its specificity metric –86% and accuracy metric –87%. The metrics for the classifier “asthmatic patient/non-asthmatic patient and healthy” were 92%, 82%, and 87%, respectively. The last model applied to analyze 941 records in asthmatic patients indicated the correct asthma diagnosis in 93% of cases. The proposed method is distinguished by the fact that the trained model enables diagnostics of bronchial asthma (including differential diagnostics) with high accuracy irrespective of the patient gender and age, stage of the disease, as well as the point of sound recording. The proposed method can be used as an additional screening method for preclinical bronchial asthma diagnostics and serve as a basis for developing methods of computer assisted patient condition monitoring including remote monitoring and real-time estimation of treatment effectiveness.
BatTS: a hybrid method for optimizing deep feedforward neural network
Authors: Pan Sichen , Gupta Tarun Kumar , Raza Khalid
Published: January 2023

Deep feedforward neural networks (DFNNs) have attained remarkable success in almost every computational task. However, the selection of DFNN architecture is still based on handcraft or hit-and-trial methods. Therefore, an essential factor regarding DFNN is about designing its architecture. Unfortunately, creating architecture for DFNN is a very laborious and time-consuming task for performing state-of-art work. This article proposes a new hybrid methodology (BatTS) to optimize the DFNN architecture based on its performance. BatTS is a result of integrating the Bat algorithm, Tabu search (TS), and Gradient descent with a momentum backpropagation training algorithm (GDM). The main features of the BatTS are the following: a dynamic process of finding new architecture based on Bat, the skill to escape from local minima, and fast convergence in evaluating new architectures based on the Tabu search feature. The performance of BatTS is compared with the Tabu search based approach and random trials. The process goes through an empirical evaluation of four different benchmark datasets and shows that the proposed hybrid methodology has improved performance over existing techniques which are mainly random trials.
Isopsoralen suppresses receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling
Authors: Zhan Wanda , Ruan Binjia , Dong Hui , Wang Chaoyong , Wu Shuangshi , Yu Hang , Xu Xiaohang , Sun Hao , Cai Jun
Published: January 2023

Osteoporosis is a serious systemic metabolic bone system disease.This study aimed to identify the target genes of isopsoralen and the signaling pathways involved in the differential expression of the genes involved in osteoclast differentiation. We hypothesized that isopsoralen may inhibit osteoclast differentiation by blocking the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and verified our hypothesis through basic experiments. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect the effect of isopsoralen on the proliferation and viability of primary mouse bone marrow monocytes (BMMCs). The effect of isopsoralen on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation was determined by using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of the related genes and proteins. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of isopsoralen target genes were obtained through comprehensive analysis using the STITCH database, Cytoscape 3.8.2, and R-Studio software. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in osteoclasts induced by RANKL before and after 3 days using R-Studio, following which KEGG analysis was performed. Next, enrichment analysis was performed on the KEGG pathway shared by the target genes of isopsoralen and the differentially expressed genes during osteoclast differentiation to predict the signaling pathway underlying the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by isopsoralen. Finally, Western blot was used to detect the effect of isopsoralen on the activation of signaling pathways to verify the results of our bioinformatics analysis. Based on the enrichment analysis of isopsoralen target genes and differentially expressed genes during osteoclastogenesis, we believe that isopsoralen can inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Antioxidant Activity of Croton zambesicus Muell. Arg Seed Extract
Authors: Ibrahim Manal A. , Fadlalla Doha E. , Elkhalifa Hiba E. , Ahmed Malak E. , Ahmed Sahar Br
Published: January 2023

The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Croton zambesicus Muell. Arg seed extract and fractions (Family: Euphorbiaceae). The antioxidant property was assessed by testing for DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Potential antioxidant activity was presented by methanolic extract. C. zambesicus showed high DPPH value (83.21 ± 0.05). Crude extract was fractionated using separation funnel, the five fractions were obtained are hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water which represented antioxidant activities equal to 46.2 ± 0.1349, 45.1 ± 0.0116, 49.9 ± 0.0337, 40.45 ± 0.2290 and 62.7 ± 0.0006 respectively.
Spore Abundance and Morphology of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal under Conservation Agriculture
Authors: Singh Puja , Roy Aditi , Saha Niharendu
Published: January 2023

Soil is full of microbial diversity and microbes present in soil interact diversely with other living form present in soil e.g., soil microbes and plants. These interactions range from symbiosis to parasitic. Among these, the most predominating mutualistic symbiotic relation is mycorrhiza (associated with ∼80% of terrestrial plant species), formed between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and vascular plants. An experiment was conducted under three cropping system rice-maize-cowpea (RMCp), rice-wheat-green gram (RWGg) and rice-cauliflower-bororice cropping (RCfBr) to study influence of three different tillage intensities i.e., CT (conventional tillage), RT (reduced tillage), and ZT (zero tillage) with five different levels of fertilizer and residue application, R1 (0%Residue & 100%RDF), R2(100%Residue & 50%RDF), R3 (100%Residue & 75%RDF), R4 (50%Residue & 100%RDF), R5 (50%Residue & 75%RDF), on AMF spore load and diversity.The experimental design followed was split plot with tillage was main plot treatment and residue as sub plot treatment.  Result showed that AMF spores and diversity are significantly influenced of degree of soil disturbance under different tillage practices and cropping system in practice, however residue application imparted non-significant influence on AMF spore load and diversity. A significant lower spore count was observed under CT as degree of soil disturbance is excessive high under CT compared to RT and ZT. With respect to spore diversity, round (shape), brown (color) and free spores were predominating spore type. In reference to spore shape abundance sequence was round>spherical> oval while for spore color it was brown>yellow>hyaline and >90 % spore was free while attached spores were <5%. In case of AMF spore count influence of cropping system was more prominent compared to other factors (i.e., tillage and residue). In RMCp and RWGg, significant increase inspore count was observed compared to RCfBr cropping system. On second year of experimentation, in RCfBr cropping system a significant decline in spore number was detected due to inclusion of cauliflower which act as non-host of AMF.  Hence to attain benefits associated with AMF to arable crop we must reduce level of soil disturbance and avoid crucifer crops in cropping system.
Funding by the Stock Exchange: Alternative or Decoy for Cameroonian’s Companies
Authors: Bello .
Published: January 2023

The main objective of this study is to identify the factors that prevent Cameroonian companies from being listed on the Central African Stock Exchange (CASE), despite their difficulties in obtaining funding through bank loans. Based on semi-structured interviews conducted with six (06) managers of Cameroonian public companies, several factors blocking the listing of companies on the stock exchange were identified. Some of these factors are inherent to CASE itself and others are linked to the companies or public authorities.

By identifying these different factors that inhibit the willingness of companies to go public, this study makes a scientific contribution to the debate on corporate finance. It also fills a gap by shedding light on the contrast between the need to finance investments and the lack of interest in the financial market, even though these companies are faced with insufficient financial resources.

At the managerial level, the results obtained constitute a challenge for the Cameroonian public authorities, stock exchange authorities and business associations to work on supporting and encouraging companies to go public, but also to adapt the conditions of access to the stock exchange by taking into account local realities.
A Study of Online Learning Context Optimization Strategies under the Metaverse Perspective
Authors: Mo Juan , Mo Fan
Published: January 2023

The development of online learning depends on the development and progress of the Internet technology. Meanwhile, metaverse is considered to be a new generation of the Internet that will drive a new iteration of the Internet era. Integrating the metaverse concept into online learning will surely bring a profound revolution to the latter. In 2020, with the outbreak of the epidemic, online learning has become an important learning method for the majority of students studying in universities. However, the effectiveness of online learning is highly concerned and questioned. This study elaborates the connotation and spatial characteristics of metaverse technology, relies on its features and advantages, makes a specific analysis of the inner logic of metaverse integration into online learning, and creates an embodied learning context, immersive learning context, and interactive learning context for online learning according to the current situation of students' online learning, and proposes metaverse online learning context optimization strategies in terms of both classroom teaching optimization and policy optimization, with a view to improving students' online learning effectiveness.
Use of Recalled Devices in New Device Authorizations Under the US Food and Drug Administration’s 510(k) Pathway and Risk of Subsequent Recalls
Authors: Kadakia Kushal T. , Dhruva Sanket S. , Caraballo César , Ross Joseph S. , Krumholz Harlan M.
Published: January 2023

Importance

In the US, nearly all medical devices progress to market under the 510(k) pathway, which uses previously authorized devices (predicates) to support new authorizations. Current regulations permit manufacturers to use devices subject to a Class I recall—the FDA’s most serious designation indicating a high probability of adverse health consequences or death—as predicates for new devices. The consequences for patient safety are not known.

Objective

To determine the risk of a future Class I recall associated with using a recalled device as a predicate device in the 510(k) pathway.

Design and Setting

In this cross-sectional study, all 510(k) devices subject to Class I recalls from January 2017 through December 2021 (index devices) were identified from the FDA’s annual recall listings. Information about predicate devices was extracted from the Devices@FDA database. Devices authorized using index devices as predicates (descendants) were identified using a regulatory intelligence platform. A matched cohort of predicates was constructed to assess the future recall risk from using a predicate device with a Class I recall.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Devices were characterized by their regulatory history and recall history. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated to compare the risk of future Class I recalls between devices descended from predicates with matched controls.

Results

Of 156 index devices subject to Class I recall from 2017 through 2021, 44 (28.2%) had prior Class I recalls. Predicates were identified for 127 index devices, with 56 (44.1%) using predicates with a Class I recall. One hundred four index devices were also used as predicates to support the authorization of 265 descendant devices, with 50 index devices (48.1%) authorizing a descendant with a Class I recall. Compared with matched controls, devices authorized using predicates with Class I recalls had a higher risk of subsequent Class I recall (6.40 [95% CI, 3.59-11.40]; P<.001).

Conclusions and Relevance

Many 510(k) devices subjected to Class I recalls in the US use predicates with a known history of Class I recalls. These devices have substantially higher risk of a subsequent Class I recall. Safeguards for the 510(k) pathway are needed to prevent problematic predicate selection and ensure patient safety.
Integrated Microsystem Toward High‐Throughput Automated Green Synthesis and Raman Enhancement Performance Screening of Noble‐Metal@Cu‐MOF
Authors: Fan Chuan , Luo Yong , Tian Meng , Zhou Mengyun , Wang Lirong , Xu Tailin , Zhang Xueji
Published: January 2023

“Green Synthesis” has been broadly applied in drug synthesis and nanomaterial preparation. The integration of automated micro‐synthesis and high‐throughput screening systems is a key way to achieve the goal of green manufacturing. Here, a one‐click green synthesis platform is designed that integrates droplets arrays‐based micro‐synthesis for Raman enhancement performance high‐throughput screening of MNPs@Cu‐MOF (AuNPs@, AgNPs@, PtNPs@Cu‐MOF) under room temperature and normal pressure. The fully integrated ultrasound units can achieve rapid multi‐component mixing in the droplet array systems, and significantly accelerate materials growth as well as enhance encapsulation of noble metal nanoparticles into Cu‐MOF structures. Based on such integrated systems, structures with high Raman enhancement performance can be high‐throughput evaluation and easily screened out. The results indicated that the AgNPs@Cu‐MOF exhibited the best Raman enhancement performance, which is ≈8 times higher than pure AgNPs. Such a green and integrated platform provides a way for automated multi‐type composites fabrication, which can be expanded to multiple fields in the future via combined robotic platforms and artificial intelligence technology.
3D Printing a Low‐Cost Miniature Accommodating Optical Microscope
Authors: Hai Rihan , Shao Guangbin , Ware Henry Oliver T. , Jones Evan Hunter , Sun Cheng
Published: January 2023

This decade has witnessed the tremendous progress in miniaturizing optical imaging systems. Despite the advancements in 3D printing optical lenses at increasingly smaller dimensions, challenges remain in precisely manufacturing the dimensionally compatible optomechanical components and assembling them into a functional imaging system. To tackle this issue, the use of 3D printing to enable digitalized optomechanical component manufacturing, part‐count‐reduction design, and the inclusion of passive alignment features is reported here, all for the ease of system assembly. The key optomechanical components of a penny‐sized accommodating optical microscope are 3D printed in 50 min at a significantly reduced unit cost near $4. By actuating a built‐in voice‐coil motor, its accommodating capability is validated to focus on specimens located at different distances, and a focus‐stacking function is further utilized to greatly extend depth of field. The microscope can be readily customized and rapidly manufactured to respond to task‐specific needs in form factor and optical characteristics.
Stretchable Electrodes Based on Over‐Layered Liquid Metal Networks
Authors: Han Seungseok , Kim Kyungmin , Lee Sang Yeon , Moon Seongjun , Lee Jung‐Yong
Published: January 2023

Liquid metals are attractive materials for stretchable electronics owing to their high electrical conductivity and near‐zero Young's modulus. However, the high surface tension of liquid metals makes it difficult to form films. A novel stretchable film is proposed based on an over‐layered liquid‐metal network. An intentionally oxidized interfacial layer helps to construct uninterrupted indium and gallium nanoclusters and produces additional electrical pathways between the two metal networks under mechanical deformation. The films exhibit gigantic negative piezoresistivity (G‐NPR), which decreased the resistance up to 85% during the first 50% stretching. This G‐NPR property is due to the rupture of the metal oxides, which allows the formation of liquid eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) and the connection of the over‐layered networks to build new electrical paths. The electrodes exhibiting G‐NPR are complementarily combined with conventional electrodes to amplify their performance or achieve some unique operations.
Achieving Fast Charge Separation by Ferroelectric Ultrasonic Interfacial Engineering for Rapid Sonotherapy of Bacteria‐Infected Osteomyelitis
Authors: Li Jianfang , Liu Xiangmei , Zheng Yufeng , Cui Zhenduo , Jiang Hui , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Wu Shuilin
Published: January 2023

Bacteria‐infected osteomyelitis is life‐threatening without effective therapeutic methods clinically. Here, a rapid and effective therapeutic strategy to treat osteomyelitis through ferroelectric polarization interfacial engineering of BiFeO3/MXene (Ti3C2) triggered by ultrasound (US) is reported. Under US, the ferroelectric polarization induces the formation of the piezoelectric field. US cavitation effect induced sonoluminescence stimulates BiFeO3/Ti3C2 to produce photogenerated carriers. With synergistic action of the polarization electric field and Schottky junction, BiFeO3/Ti3C2 accelerates the separation of electrons and holes and simultaneously inhibits the backflow of electrons, thus improving the utilization of polarized charges and photogenerated charges and consequently enhancing the yield of reactive oxygen species under US. As a result, 99.87 ± 0.05% of Staphylococcus aureus are efficiently killed in 20 min with the assistance of ultrasonic heating. The theory of ferroelectric ultrasonic interfacial engineering is proposed, which brings new insight for developing ferroelectric ultrasonic responsive materials used for the diagnosis and therapy of deep tissue infection and other acoustoelectric devices.
Long‐Lived Emissive Hydrogen‐Bonded Macrocycles: Donors Regulating Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Ye Zecong , Lian Mingbing , Yang Zhiyao , Fu Yu , Wang Zhenwen , Mu Yingxiao , Ji Shaomin , Zhang Hao‐Li , Yuan Lihua , Chi Zhenguo , Huo Yanping
Published: January 2023

Despite vast applications of macrocycles in supramolecular chemistry, achieving long‐lived emissions including room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) for potential use still presents a great challenge. This work first reports hydrogen‐bonded (H‐bonded) macrocycles emitting RTP and TADF by introducing various donors onto the same aramide skeleton containing a rigid acceptor. The formation of charge transfer effectively enhances the photoluminescence efficiency. Aromatic carbonyl groups promote the intersystem crossing. The drastically reduced flexibility of chromophores fixed by the H‐bonded macrocyclic framework contributes to suppress the nonradiative decay to stabilize triplet excitons. Therefore, RTP and TADF are acquired by altering donors, and are systematically revealed by comparisons with control compounds and theoretical calculations. Finally, near white‐light emission (CIE, 0.30, 0.33) is realized via host–guest interactions.
Effect of titanium dioxide on the structural, thermal, and electrical properties of chlorinated natural rubber/poly (indole) blend nanocomposites for flexible nanoelectronic devices
Authors: Parvathi Krishnanivas , Ramesan Manammel Thankappan
Published: January 2023

The synthesis of highly flexible conductive rubber blend nanocomposites using a conductive polymer with metal oxide is a new and promising approach. In this work, the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on the performance of chlorinated natural rubber/polyindole (Cl‐NR/PIN) blend nanocomposites was systematically studied. Fourier‐transform infrared spectra revealed the successful incorporation of nanoparticles in the blend system. UV analysis assessed the increased absorption spectra of the nanocomposite compared to the pure blend. The X‐ray diffraction confirms the presence of TiO2 nanostructure in the blend. The high resolution transmission electron microscope results exhibited the uniform dispersion of TiO2 in the blend. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis show the increased glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the blend nanocomposite with an increase in TiO2 concentration. The linear low‐frequency AC conductivity demonstrated the occurrence of electrode polarization and the exponential increase in AC conductivity after a threshold frequency illustrated the semiconducting behavior of the composites. The maximum dielectric constant and AC conductivity were measured for the composite with 5 wt% filler loading, as the threshold level for the maximum interfacial contact. The hopping conduction, activation energy, improved conductivity and dielectric properties suggest that these blend nanocomposite films are promising candidates for the development of flexible energy storage devices.
Percutaneous heart valves demonstrating long‐term durability: A case series of Melody valves in the pulmonary position lasting up to 19 years
Authors: MacDonald Simon T. , Bhan Amit , Khambadkone Sachin , Mullen Michael
Published: January 2023

It is uncertain how long catheter delivered percutaneous heart valves may last. In congenital cardiology, stenosis and regurgitation of right ventricular to pulmonary artery conduits and valves is common, leading to repeated operations for young patients with concomitant mortality and morbidity. It has also been unclear whether percutaneous pulmonary valves last as long as surgical pulmonary valves. When the current generation of the percutaneous pulmonary valve was first implanted in the United Kingdom from 2003, randomized trials were initially not performed, decided on a case‐by‐case basis in congenital cardiology, nor long‐term registries kept. We describe three cases where such percutaneous heart valves have lasted up to 19 years. All valves were working without significant stenosis and minor degrees of regurgitation on long‐term echocardiographic follow‐up, patients being asymptomatic. This demonstrates that percutaneous pulmonary valves can achieve long‐term durability and may prevent the need for otherwise high‐risk surgery in congenital cardiac patients.
Biosurfactant Production by Acinetobacter venetianus and Its Application in Bioremediation
Authors: Portal D'Almeida Alan , de Albuquerque Tiago Lima , Melo Vânia Maria Maciel , Silveira Vieira Rodrigo , Ponte Rocha Maria Valderez
Published: January 2023

Oil spills in marine environments are common due to the intense flow of transport. One of the ways to reduce the effects caused by these spills is bioremediation. A biosurfactant produced by Acinetobacter venetianus AMO1502, a strain isolated from oil spilled off the Brazilian coast, was investigated as a bioremediation agent. The highest cell growth and biosurfactant production were obtained using a culture medium supplemented with NaCl. The biosurfactant had high emulsifying activity and reduced the surface tension of water by up to 41.7 %. This biomolecule showed high stability related to temperature, pH, and NaCl addition as petroderivate removal agent, reaching 25 % removal of the engine oil in sand and 12 % removal of the oil in an aqueous medium, also reducing oil stains adsorbed on contaminated stones.
Synthesis of cinchona urea polymers using Yamamoto coupling and their application to asymmetric reaction
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Farhadur , Fujisawa Ikuhide , Haraguchi Naoki , Itsuno Shinichi
Published: January 2023

Cinchona urea compounds having 3,5‐diiodophenyl moieties were subjected to Yamamoto coupling polymerization to afford the chiral urea polymers. These polymers showed high activities as heterogeneous catalysts in asymmetric Michael reactions comparable with those of the corresponding monomeric catalyst in solution systems. Furthermore, the polymeric catalysts are easily recovered from their reaction mixtures due to their insolubility and can be reused several times without loss of catalytic activity.
Diastereomeric multi‐chiral pendant groups: Their key role in stimuli‐responsive polymeric responses
Authors: Rodríguez Rafael , Rivadulla‐Cendal Elena , Quiñoá Emilio , Freire Félix
Published: January 2023

Chiral information transmission in helical polymers bearing multi‐chiral pendant groups is usually determined by the absolute configuration of the first chiral center. The second chiral residue usually has low‐to‐null influence in the macromolecular handedness of the polymer, due to its remote position respect to the polyene main chain. Here, we demonstrate how the stimuli responsive properties of diastereomeric polymers, obtained by changing the absolute configuration of the second chiral center, are different due to the unlike properties of diastereoisomers.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Polyaryl 2‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)phenol‐Based Four‐Coordinate Organoboron Complexes
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhou Jinlei , Zheng Huitao , Liu Jiali , Liu Zhihao , Ni Linying , Kong Xiangxi , Zhang Chen , Cao Hua
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A family of polyaryl 2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)phenol‐based four‐coordinate organoboron complexes were prepared in good yields via deconstructive cycloaromatization of indolizines, cyclopropenones, and boric acids. The photoluminescence measurements have revealed that these N,O π‐conjugated tetracoordinate boron complexes display bright fluorescence, large Stokes shifts, and good quantum yields (Φlum = 0.15—0.45). In addition, the DFT calculations were carried out to deepen the understanding of the electronic structures and optoelectronic properties of these structurally unprecedented tetracoordinate boron complexes.
PROTOCOL: Assessment of publication time in Campbell systematic reviews: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Pan Bei , Ge Long , Wei Zhipeng , Hou Liangying , Lai Honghao , Yang Kehu
Published: January 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. This study has three main objectives: (1) To examine the time duration from title registration to publication of the protocol for a Campbell systematic review and publication of the completed Campbell systematic review; (2) To describe publication times in accordance with the characteristics of the reviews, which include year of publication, type of review, number of authors, number of collaborative institutions, the time gap between the date the search was conducted and review publication, and the length and complexity of the included review (including the number of pages, the number of tables and figures, the number of studies included in the review, the number and type of analyses undertaken, and the number of references); (3) To describe the differences in publication times between Campbell Review Groups.
Post‐translocation dynamics of black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus): A successful conservation and human–wildlife conflict mitigation tool
Authors: Guernsey Noelle C. , Lendrum Patrick E. , Krank Lindsey Sterling , Grassel Shaun M.
Published: January 2023

Prairie dogs have declined by 98% throughout their range in the grasslands of North America. Translocations have been used as a conservation tool to reestablish colonies of this keystone species and to mitigate human–wildlife conflict. Understanding the behavioral responses of prairie dogs to translocation is of utmost importance to enhance the persistence of the species and for species that depend on them, including the critically endangered black‐footed ferret. In 2017 and 2018, we translocated 658 black‐tailed prairie dogs on the Lower Brule Indian Reservation in central South Dakota, USA, a black‐footed ferret recovery site. Here, we describe and evaluate the effectiveness of translocating prairie dogs into augered burrows and soft‐released within presumed coteries to reestablish colonies in previously occupied habitat. We released prairie dogs implanted with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) and conducted recapture events approximately 1‐month and 1‐year post‐release. We hypothesized that these methods would result in a successful translocation and that prairie dogs released as coteries would remain close to where they were released because of their highly social structure. In support of these methods leading to a successful translocation, 69% of marked individuals was captured 1‐month post‐release, and 39% was captured 1‐year post‐release. Furthermore, considerable recruitment was observed with 495 unmarked juveniles captured during the 1‐year post‐release trapping event, and the reestablished colony had more than doubled in the area by 2021. Contrary to our hypothesis, yet to our knowledge a novel finding, there was greater initial movement within the colony 1‐month post‐release than expected based on recapture locations compared with the published average territory size; however, 1 year after release, most recaptured individuals were captured within the expected territory size when compared to capture locations 1‐month post‐release. This research demonstrates that while translocating prairie dogs may be socially disruptive initially, it is an important conservation tool.
Characterization of the volatile compounds in white radishes under different organic fertilizer treatments by HS‐GC‐IMS with PCA
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhang Xuan , Wang Jian , Xing Weihai , Liu Yang , Wan Yuping , Li Na , Wang Jiying , Liu Guangyang , Wang Rui , Song Mengmeng , Wang Tianrui , Cao Jiayong , Wang Ruobing , Li Yunlong
Published: January 2023

Organic agriculture and organic produce are attracting increasing attention around the world. In order to explore the effects of different organic fertilizers on the volatile flavour compounds of white radishes, six experimental groups were designed as follows: no fertilizer group (CK) and conventional chemical fertilizer group (CF) as the control, pig manure organic fertilizer (PMOF), sheep manure organic fertilizer (SMOF), earthworm manure organic fertilizer (EMOF), and earthworm manure organic fertilizer with the microbial agent (EMOF+M) as the organic groups. Headspace–gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS) was used to detect the volatile flavour compounds of white radishes under six different planting conditions. A total of 26 volatile flavour compounds were identified qualitatively and the common characteristic flavour compounds of organic and conventional white radishes were determined, as well as the differences in the composition and content of volatile flavour compounds in different white radishes. The flavour fingerprint of white radish was established, and principal component analysis (PCA) clearly showed that the samples in a relatively separate space could be well‐distinguished. It provided a theoretical basis for the establishment and improvement of the evaluation system of volatile flavour substances of white radish, which was of great significance in the high‐quality production of white radish and the safe and sustainable development of organic vegetable industry.
Epigenetic aging in adult neurogenesis
Authors: Zocher Sara , Toda Tomohisa
Published: January 2023

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the hippocampus generate new neurons throughout life, which functionally contribute to cognitive flexibility and mood regulation. Yet adult hippocampal neurogenesis substantially declines with age and age‐related impairments in NSC activity underlie this reduction. Particularly, increased NSC quiescence and consequently reduced NSC proliferation are considered to be major drivers of the low neurogenesis levels in the aged brain. Epigenetic regulators control the gene expression programs underlying NSC quiescence, proliferation and differentiation and are hence critical to the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Epigenetic alterations have also emerged as central hallmarks of aging, and recent studies suggest the deterioration of the NSC‐specific epigenetic landscape as a driver of the age‐dependent decline in adult neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize the recently accumulating evidence for a role of epigenetic dysregulation in NSC aging and propose perspectives for future research directions.