bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluid Vibration Analysis of Large-Span Skeletal Membrane Structures under Pulsating Winds
Authors: Fu Wei , Yang Haixu , Jia Jie
Published: July 2023

To identify the location of the strongest vibration of skeletal membrane structures under pulsating wind and predict the response and damage of the structures. To guide engineering reinforcement, base on the platform of ANSYS Workbench as a platform, the complex skeleton membrane structure is first simplified using the modal fitting method, and the error of the 30th-order frequency of the membrane structure before and after the simplification is calculated to be less than 5% compared to the unsimplified model. Based on the simplified model, the unidirectional coupling and bidirectional coupling methods were compared using the surface averaging wind pressure distribution parameters of the membrane structure. The results show that the extreme value and extreme difference of the averaged wind pressure of the bidirectional coupling are larger than those of the unidirectional coupling under the same wind angle, which verifies the reliability of the vibration analysis of the large-span membrane structure under the bidirectional coupling. By analyzing the wind pressure coefficients at the key measure points, it can be seen that the structure is in unfavorable working condition at the wind angle of 0°–45°. Based on the bidirectional coupling method, the maximum displacement time variation curve, maximum acceleration time variation curve, and maximum equivalent force time variation curve for different wind direction angles are basically the same, and the membrane structure gradually equilibrates with time, and the maximum instantaneous displacement, maximum instantaneous acceleration, and maximum equivalent force all reach the maximum at wind direction angle 30° and the minimum at 90°.
Impacts of Daily Life and Job Satisfaction on Social Participation of Persons with Visual Impairment
Authors: Kim Hyeong-min , Son Sung-min
Published: July 2023

Objective. This study is aimed at providing baseline data for improving the social participation of persons with visual impairment by verifying the impacts of daily life satisfaction and job satisfaction on their social participation. Methods. This study utilized data from the 5th survey of the 2nd wave of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED) provided by the Korea Employment Agency for Persons with Disabilities (KEAD). Of the 511 persons with visual impairment who participated in the panel survey, 151 people who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the research subjects. This study compared social participation, job satisfaction, and daily life satisfaction, which were validated by experts’ review, consulting, and research at the KEAD. Results. Daily life satisfaction and job satisfaction of persons with visual impairment had positive correlations with social participation. Job satisfaction had a statistically significant impact on social participation. Additionally, the stability of employment and monthly income were the variables affecting social participation. Conclusion. The result drawn in this study can be applied as basic data related to the social participation of people with visual impairment.
Effects of Phosphatidic Acid on Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and Metabolic Pathways in Bivalve Mollusk Sinonovacula constricta
Authors: Liao Kai , Zhang Qian , Qiu Yangyang , Zhu Yuxiang , Liu Yang , Huang Hailong , Chen Deshui , Ma Bin , Zhang Lin , Ran Zhaoshou , Yan Xiaojun , Xu Jilin
Published: July 2023

It is of great significance for bivalve aquaculture to promote the growth through nutritional strategy. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a potential growth-promoting nutraceutical that targets for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in vertebrates, but its role in invertebrates remains largely unknown. Here, the effects of PA on mTOR and metabolic pathways in bivalve mollusk Sinonovacula constricta were determined by intramuscular injection with di-18 : 2 PA and di-16 : 0 PA. PA (both di-18 : 2 and di-16 : 0 PA) was found to increase the glycogen concentration in the muscle of S. constricta. Di-16 : 0 PA decreased the triglyceride concentration from 0.143 ± 0.04 mmol/g protein to 0.040 ± 0.018 mmol/g protein. The concentration of Asp, Glu, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe, Arg, and Pro was reduced by di-18 : 2 PA or/and di-16 : 0 PA. PA increased the mRNA level of mTOR and the phosphorylation levels of eIF4E binding protein 1 and p70S6 kinase 1. Furthermore, PA decreased the protein level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ and the mRNA level of AMP-activated protein kinase. The mRNA expressions of two key enzymes of glycolysis (pyruvate kinase and glucokinase) were also upregulated by both PA, while the mRNA level of glucose transporter 1 was increased by di-18 : 2 PA. Di-16 : 0 PA decreased the mRNA level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The mRNA levels of sterol responsive element binding protein, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were increased by both PA. The mRNA level of stearoyl-CoA desaturase was increased by di-18 : 2 PA. Both PA species increased the mRNA levels of key enzymes involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle (citrate synthase and NADP-isocltrate debydrogenase). Our results indicated that PA activated mTOR signaling pathway, subsequently leading to the increase of anabolism and the inhibition of catabolism in S. constricta.
Evaluation of Systemic Genotoxic/Oxidative and Proinflammatory Effects in Workers of a Titanium Dioxide Production Plant
Authors: Cavallo Delia , Fresegna Anna Maria , Ciervo Aureliano , Maiello Raffaele , Chiarella Pieranna , Buresti Giuliana , Del Frate Valentina , Di Basilio Marco , Iavicoli Sergio , Ursini Cinzia Lucia
Published: July 2023

This study is aimed at evaluating whether the occupational exposure to TiO2 during the industrial production process is able to induce genotoxic, oxidative, and inflammatory effects on blood, biomonitoring the same workers that showed micronucleus induction in the exfoliated buccal cells, as previous published. The final aim was to find sensitive and suitable biomarkers to evaluate potential early toxicity of occupational exposure to TiO2. On the same 40 workers involved in the manufacture of TiO2 pigment, 5 office workers, and 18 controls previously studied, we used formamidopyrimidine glycosylase‐ (Fpg‐) comet assay on lymphocytes to evaluate genotoxic/oxidative effects and detected cytokine (IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNFα) release by ELISA to evaluate proinflammation. Moreover, we studied the possible influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC1 and hOGG1 DNA repair genes and of GST metabolism‐related genes (GSTT1 and GSTM1) on the evaluated effects. We did not find statistically significant differences in the mean values of the analysed Fpg‐comet assay parameters; only the percentage of DNA damaged cells appearing in the test as comets (% comets) resulted higher in the exposed workers compared to controls. Also, the data analysed taking into account the specific task (bagging, industrial cleaning, mobile operations, maintaining, and production) showed differences only for % comets which resulted higher in industrial cleaners compared to controls. We found variations of IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels in the exposed workers with concentrations that were lower for IL‐6 and higher for IL‐8 compared to the control group. XRCC1, hOGG1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms did not influence neither comet parameters nor cytokine release. These findings demonstrate that TiO2 production process is able to induce slight proinflammatory effects in terms of IL‐8 increased release but not significant genotoxic/oxidative effects on lymphocytes, which do not seem to be a target of TiO2, prevalently inhalable particles, generated in the studied production site.
Innovative Life-Cycle Inspection Strategy of Civil Infrastructure: Smartphone-Based Public Participation
Authors: Chen Xixian , Wang Bowen , Chen Jiaxin , Zhang Xue , Liu Shenglan , Zhou Guangyi , Li Peng , Zhao Xuefeng
Published: July 2023

The life-cycle inspection of civil infrastructure can guide decisions on structural safety and reliability. This paper proposes a strategy for smartphone-based public participation in the life-cycle inspection of civil infrastructure (SPIC). The SPIC strategy consists of three parts: participants, Urban Brain, and Global View. Next, the feasibility of this strategy is verified by simulation experiments implemented in Unity3D. Civil infrastructure inspection modes include routine inspection, focus inspection, and emergency inspection. The activation and transition of the three inspection modes are tested. Test results show that routine inspection with public participation could timely identify pre-set damaged civil infrastructures. All abnormal civil infrastructures are observed by the Urban Brain. The focus inspection mode is activated when an abnormal civil infrastructure is detected, and the focus inspection provides a detailed and professional assessment of the abnormal civil infrastructure. Then, the inspection of all civil infrastructures in emergency inspection mode is completed in the test. Furthermore, this paper carries out a factor sensitivity analysis of this strategy. The proposed strategy establishes the mechanism for the assign-accept-feedback inspection task. In addition, the simulation performed in Unity3D is one of the next alternatives for large-scale urban disaster prevention and mitigation experiments in the real world. The SPIC strategy can effectively enhance the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of civil infrastructure.
Cesarean Delivery of a Parturient with Lumboperitoneal Shunt under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Ziani Hicham , Lahbabi Med Yassir , Elachhab Nabil , Elcaidi Nawfel , Slaoui Aziz , Lazhar Hanaa , Lahbabi Sophia , Baidada Aziz , Oudghiri Nezha , Tachinante Rajae
Published: July 2023

Lumboperitoneal shunt may be indicated as a treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension aiming to facilitate the dynamic flow of cerebrospinal fluid into the peritoneum for patients. Parturients with lumboperitoneal shunt are a few, making it difficult to choose the analgesic or anesthetic technique for delivery. We present the case of a successful spinal anesthesia for a cesarean delivery in a parturient who was diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension that was treated by lumboperitoneal shunt.
An Experimental Exploration of Quotidian Framing
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Matsumoto Yoshiko
Published: July 2023

Quotidian framing is a pragmatic strategy originally observed in studies of conversations among older women in Japan (Matsumoto, 2011). In the observed conversations, when recounting a painful event such as the death of a husband, the narrator included trivial details from the perspective of ordinary life, thereby reframing the extraordinary event into the “quotidian” with the apparent effect of lightening the atmosphere and regaining a normal life.

In the current paper, we investigate to what extent this strategy is also acceptable in other languages and in situations with other participants, and we aim to gather empirical evidence on the functions of this strategy. The languages investigated are Japanese and US English.

Our procedure was to first identify two representative examples from the original data set and to condense the original story told in conversational interaction into more coherent stories that can be told in one multi-turn unit. Then, we had native speakers of the respective target languages perform the narrations, using a technique that has been shown to produce prosodic realizations with very similar characteristics as authentic conversational speech. The audio files thus created were then combined with videos of a small, humanoid robot speaking to a female listener, who was portrayed from the back. We chose a female voice for the robot and a female listener since the original conversations were carried out among female speakers.

The videos were then played to 50 US and 50 Japanese participants in an online questionnaire. The results confirm the suspected pragmatic effects of quotidian framing for a larger age group, for different genders and across cultures. Furthermore, the study provides another example of the usefulness of human-robot interactions as testbed for cross-cultural research.
Entropy Generation of Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamics Nanofluid Flow Over a Porous Inclined Stretching Surface with Velocity Slip and Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Oluwaseun Folarin , Goqo Sicelo , Mondal Hiranmoy
Published: July 2023

The numerical investigation of the effects of inclined variable magnetic field, velocity slip, thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on the entropy generation of an unsteady MHD nanofluid flow over an inclined stretching sheet in a porous medium has been carried out here. The non-dimensional
non-linear governing ordinary differential equations obtained after suitable similarity transformations are solved by SQLM. Effects of important factors of the model on the flow characteristics were numerically analysed and discussed in details with tables and graphs. Important physical quantities
of skin friction, Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number were calculated and illustrated on tables. The aligned angle of the variable magnetic field between 0° and 90° was found to significantly influence the fluid flow rate, temperature, mass flux and entropy generation through
the Bejan number. The velocity slip slip was found to have no signicant effects on the mass flux, however it influenced significantly the fluid flow rate and temperature. The inclination of the stretching sheet and the porosity of the medium were also found to influence the fluid flow rate,
temperature and mass flux.
Dual Solutions and Stability Analysis for Buongiorno Model of Magnetohydrodynamics Nanofluid Flow Past a Heated Shrinking Slippery Surface
Authors: Tshivhi Khodani Sherrif , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the combined effects of magnetic field, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion towards a convectively heated shrinking and slippery surface on a stagnation point flow of nanofluid is theoretically examined. The modified Buongiorno
model for nanofluid flow is employed and numerically solved using a shooting technique together with the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration scheme. It is found that dual solutions appear in certain range of shrinking surface parameter. The temporal stability analysis of the dual solutions to
small disturbances was performed and the upper solution branch is found to be a stable and physically realistic solution to the problem. Appropriate results showing the influence of magnetic field, Surface slipperiness, Eckert number, Biot number, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis parameters
on the nanofluid temperature, velocity, nanoparticles concentration, Nusselt number, skin friction, and Sherwood number are quantitatively discussed, and depicted graphically and in tables.
Non-Newtonian Casson Fluid Behaviour in the Presence of Nanofluid Particles During MHD Flow Through a Vertical Cone Filled With Porous Material
Authors: Sathyanarayana M. , Goud T. Ramakrishna
Published: July 2023

The flow of nanofluids around a vertical cone with porous media and Casson fluid characteristics is being looked at in this study. Thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and chemical reactions are also looked at. There are some ways to change the connected partial differential equations into a set of third-order ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients. This is called a similarity transformation. The Runge-Kutta method is used to solve third-order boundary layer equations. Physical processes, such as Epidermis slippage, velocity, temperature, but instead fluid density, mass transfer, heat transference coefficients, besides rate of heat handover coefficients, may be studied in this research. These processes may be looked at in this study. There are graphs that show a lot of different physical processes. Current numerical results are compared to results that have been published in the past to make sure computer programmes work. The resultant velocity profiles are decreasing utilising an increasing trendy captivating field as a result of Lorentz potency. Species concentration of Casson-When the oxidizing agent factor is increased, the microspheres decrease. Temperature profile areas a result of the rise in Thermo Scattering movements but instead heat conduction and Brownian motion parameters. Also, roles about increasing values of Biot number and this same criterion of radiant heat would be to surge the room’s temperature hybrid Nanofluid flow as well as rate of heat flows so at exterior. Concentration profiles remain rising with increasing the morals of Thermo migration limitation and contrary effect occurs as a consequence of Brownian motion parameter.
Thermal Diffusion and Diffusion Thermo Effects on Chemically Reacting Nanofluid Flow Towards A Vertical Cone Filled by Porous Medium
Authors: Sathyanarayana M. , Goud T. Ramakrishna
Published: July 2023

Nano particles, chemical reactions, and porous media are all used in this study to look at how thermal diffusion in addition diffusion thermo work together to affect liquid that is immiscible, slurries, but instead conducts electricity flow toward a vertical cone. There is a concentration
equation and an energy equation for this question. There are thermal diffusion and chemical reaction effects in both of these equations. It is done by making use of correspondence transformations make governing dynamic system with optimization algorithms of the flow into Algebraic calculations
that are quasi, which then statistically solved by means of the Rung-Kutta method, there are graphs in the findings and discussion section that show how different engineering factors can affect speed, features of temperature moreover concentration. Furthermore, consequences about these factors
Nu and Sh statistics for skin friction quantity also discussed and as seen in tables. By comparing present results to data that has already been published, we can see that they are very accurate. Increases with in Brownian motion attribute as well as thermal diffusion attribute
significantly raise its density boundary layer. It is indeed worth noting that as solute concentration as the condensation variable is increased, the penetration depth declines. That’s for the reason that the compound genomic dispersion decreases as the temperature rises. Kr as
a result, values pertaining to Dufour numeral rise, Temperature profiles are similarly rises. Expansion Enhanced Nano fluid intensity dispersion as well as expanded the Thermal diffusion attribute reverse effect in the situation of Brownian locomotion effect, can be seen. These concentration
profiles are increasing with rising values of Soret number parameter.
Joint Effects of Heat Source and Magnetic Field on Unsteady Chemically Reacting Fluid Flow Towards A Vertically Inclined Plate in Addition of Cu-Nanoparticles
Authors: Brahma Chary S. , Reddy K. Jayarami , Kumar G. Charan
Published: July 2023

The primary goal of this evaluation task is to research the mathematical analysis for unstable, free convective incompressible viscous heat also mass transfer fluid movement across an inclined a plate that is vertically positioned in the occurrence of copper nanoparticles, Magnetism,
thermal generator & chemical reaction in porous media. For this investigation, we assumed the effects of Cu-nanoparticles and Angle of inclination effects in the governing equations. Additionally, the effects of fluctuating temperature & concentration are studied. We established a
set of basic equations for this fluid flow and translated nonlinear partial difference equations into linear incomplete comparisons, which were then answered using the implicit limited alteration technique. The impacts of several engineering fluid variables on flow variables such as velocity,
temperature, & concentration profiles were explored in this research study via the use of graphs to show the findings. Along with the other findings, the mathematical standards of skin friction, heat transmission rate, & mass transmission constants are calculated and reported in tabular
form. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the mathematical consequences of the code validation programme are related to previously publish analytical results. In the instance of pure and nanofluids, the velocity profiles are shown to increase with rising values of the Heat transfer using
the Grashof number, the mass movement Grashof number, the parameter for permeability, and the passage of time Increases in magnetic field component, the Schmidt number and the Prandtl number, the parameter for the heat source, the component of the chemical reaction, and the degree of inclination
all result in a drop in the velocity profiles. With respect to temperature profiles, they have been on the rise with passing time, in contrast to the Prandtl number and the heat source parameter, for which the opposite trend has been seen. We discovered that the temperature and velocity profiles
are both steeper for nanofluids than for pure fluids when the parameters are increased. The concentration profiles rise with increasing times, but the opposite is true for the Schmidt number. Moreover, increasing Chemical reaction parameter values result in decreasing profiles of concentrations.
Melting Heat Transfer on Magnetohydrodynamics-Nanofluid Boundary Layer Flow Past a Stretching Sheet: Thermal Radiation and Viscous Dissipation Effects
Authors: Narender P. , Goud T. Ramakrishna
Published: July 2023

The effects of melting heat transfer, thermal radiation, and porous medium on steady, 2-D, viscous, incompressible, magneto hydrodynamic nano-fluid flow concluded a linearly extending sheet in the occurrence of viscous dissipation, as well as first and subsequent order slip effects,
were always considered in this numerical research. In this research, appropriate similarity variables were employed to turn the controlling nonlinear partial differentiated equations hooked on a system of linked nonlinear ordinary differential comparisons that are mathematically explained
using the Runge-Kutta approach with a firing scheme. The consequence of several pertinent limitations on rapidity profiles, temperature profiles, and attentiveness profiles is graphically explored also thoroughly interpreted. In this work, images and tables were utilized to represent various
progressive values of non-dimensionalized parameters, while numerical data was employed to examine variations in skin-friction, heat, and mass transmission charges. The present study of my observation compared with previous studies in a limiting case. A reliable agreement between the numeric
values is achieved here. The velocity profiles in this issue decrease as the values of the Suction/Injection fluid parameter as well as the Magnetic field limitation growth. Temperature profiles rise as the impacts of thermophoresis and Brownian motion become stronger. When the value of the
Dufour number rises, so do the temperature profiles. Thermophoresis parameter expansions results in enhanced nanoparticle volume concentration distributions, whereas Brownian motion effects produces the opposite effects. As the Soret number parameter increases, so do the concentration profiles.
This melting heat transfer study work includes numerous industrial applications, including casting, welding, and magma solidification, permafrost melting and ground thawing, and so on.
Natural Convection Cooling of a Heat Source Placed at the Bottom of a Square Cavity Filled with Water-Based Nanofluid
Authors: Horimek Abderrahmane , Gharbi Malika , Oueld-M’Barek Aicha
Published: July 2023

The present work deals with the cooling process of a heat source, placed in the center of the bottom wall of a square cavity. A numerical resolution using finite volume method was carried out. The cavity is filled with a water-based Nanofluid, where four different types have been assumed.
The vertical and top walls are under low temperature TC. Two thermal conditions were assumed at the source (q-imposed or T-imposed), while the remaining parts of the same wall are isolated. The effects of Rayleigh number (Ranf), source length (SL),
volume concentration of nanoparticles (Φ) and their types were analyzed. The case of pure water (Φ = 0%), studied first, served as a reference case. The results obtained for this case, showed the increase of disturbances in the dynamic and thermal fields, in addition
to the average rate of heat transfer (Nu) when Ra increases and SL decreases. SL = 1.0 case showed exception. These effects are more important for the T-imposed case than the other. Subsequently, the Al2O3-Water Nanofluid is considered with
0 <Φ≤ 10%. An increase in circulation intensity with improvement of local (Nu) and average (Nu) heat exchange rates have been recorded when Φ increases, although mentioning that its effect is significantly stronger for the q-imposed case. In the
last part of the work, three other types of Nanofluids were assumed, where the obtained results showed the main improving effect of higher thermal conductivity on the heat transfer intensity. An important result which can be summed up in the great rapprochement of the heat exchange intensities
for strong Ranf and Φ for SL close to 1.0, for the two heating types. In other words, the condition on the source loses its importance for such considerations.
Assessing Effectiveness and Efficiency of Need for Trauma Intervention (NFTI) and Modified NFTI in Identifying Overtriage and Undertriage Rates and Associated Outcomes
Authors: Chin Brian , Alter Noah , Wright D-Dre , Arif Hassan , Haddadi Minna , OLeary Joseph , Elkbuli Adel
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Limited research has assessed the effectiveness of Need for Trauma Intervention (NFTI) and Modified NFTI (MNFTI) criteria in accurately identifying triage rates in major trauma. We aim to evaluate the predictive capability of NFTI/MNFTI in determining rates of overtriage and undertriage, as well as associated outcomes.

Methods

A literature search was conducted utilizing PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Cochrane from conception to April 13th, 2023. Studies assessing the utilization of NFTI/MNFTI in identifying over and undertriage rates were included. Additional outcomes including mortality, ICU LOS, and resource allocation were evaluated. Outcomes were compared between NFTI/MNFTI and other triage metrics.

Results

A total of 8 articles, including 175,650 trauma patients, were evaluated. NFTI utilization was associated with reduced overtriage rates compared to numerous tools including trauma triage matrix (TTM) and need for emergent intervention within 6 h (NEI-6) (NFTI 32.15%, TTM 44.5%, NEI-6 42.23%). Regarding undertriage, NFTI had lower rates than the secondary triage assessment tool (STAT) and TTM (NFTI 14.0%, STAT, 22.3%, TTM 14.3%) as well as Cribari Matrix Method (CMM) (NFTI .8%, CMM 7.6%, P < .0003). Additionally, the utilization of NFTI in combination with CMM yielded a significant reduction in undertriage rates compared to either tool alone (CMM/NFTI 2.7%, NFTI 4.6%, CMM 8.2%).

Conclusion

Implementation of NFTI/MNFTI resulted in more accurately capturing over and undertriage rates. Similar trends were identified when NFTI was used in combination with CMM. When compared to other triage tools, NFTI outperformed CMM, TTM, STAT, and NEI-6 in overtriage and/or undertriage rates.
Pilot rapid assessment of cultural and linguistic appropriateness of COVID-19 educational materials
Authors: Rubio Bianca , Briseño Lisa , Kukucka Claudia , Liggett Langdon , Medina Mauricio , Rodriguez Betsy , Dicent Taillepierre Julio , Rodriguez Lainz Alfonso
Published: July 2023

Background:

Health education materials translated for limited English proficiency audiences should be clear and easy to understand. They should be reviewed by fluent and culturally competent reviewers using a standardised and validated assessment tool.

Design/Setting:

A total of 139 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19-translated health education materials were reviewed for cultural and linguistic appropriateness.

Method:

Reviewers were trained to collect data using a standardised assessment tool, and recorded issues found in translated materials by issue, material and media type. Reviewers were selected for their fluency in the language being reviewed as well as their cultural knowledge of the intended audience.

Results:

Reviewers identified 150 issues related to words, phrases and images that were confusing, difficult to interpret or held multiple possible interpretations. Reviewers took an average completion time of 16 minutes per material across all media types.

Conclusion:

This assessment demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of conducting reviews with culturally and linguistically competent in-house reviewers using a quality assessment protocol that includes a review for cultural and linguistic accuracy. Despite mainly using certified translators, critical issues with the text and images contained in the COVID-19-translated health education materials were identified. Similar forms of assessment could provide high-quality translated materials without undergoing major document revision.
Acceptance of political restrictions and societal polarization during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study of Austria and Hungary
Authors: Susanszky Pal , Kittel Bernhard , Kopper Akos
Published: July 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, some governments took measures to restrict political liberties, claiming that these restrictions were necessary to contain the spread of the virus. In this study, we scrutinize differences in citizens’ willingness to accept three types of political restrictions: restricting the media, banning protests, and introducing extensive state surveillance. We focus on two European countries: Austria and Hungary. While we find that perceived health threats, political values, ideological orientation, and political trust are important predictors of accepting political restrictions, we also find that citizens differ in their willingness to support the three types of restrictions depending on whether the given measure affects them directly. We also find differences between Austria and Hungary concerning the way political trust and political values affect the acceptance of restrictions, which may be rooted in the larger polarization of Hungarian society. Furthermore, we observe that perceived health threats, political values, ideological orientation, and political trust are important predictors of accepting political restrictions.
Europe’s internal migration and public support for income redistribution: The role of social protection
Authors: Jeannet Anne-Marie
Published: July 2023

Mass immigration is transforming the politics of income redistribution in European welfare states. Some scholars argue that immigration erodes public support for redistribution, while others argue it could have the opposite effect. Until now, the literature has attempted to isolate a generic role of immigration without distinguishing between different immigration categories. This article analyzes the relationship between internal European migration and public support for income redistribution in 17 Western European countries using the European Social Survey’s seven rounds (2002–2014). It finds that some forms of internal migration, namely, migration from new Central and Eastern European countries, are positively related to Western European support for income redistribution. The study also sheds light on the crucial role of the welfare state, finding that the compensation effect is stronger in countries with higher social protection. The results support group-specific understandings of the relationship between immigration and income redistribution. In sum, the relationship varies by immigrant group and depends on the generosity of social protection.
Developing the Sugar Valley: Missing Linkages Between Farming and Industrial Capacity of Sugar Processing in Kilombero, Tanzania
Authors: Winghton Mtechura Brighton , Chuhila Maxmillian Julius
Published: July 2023

Despite the initiatives that have been taken by the government and different stakeholders, the availability of sugar is uncertain in Tanzania for years. It is on that basis that this article uses a historical approach to analyse the mismatch between sugarcane farming and industrial processing capacity in the Kilombero valley. The shortage of sugar indicates the missing link between sugarcane farming and industrial processing capacity that is coupled with business interest of sugar dealers. We indicate that the sugar industry has been webbed in divided interests of promoting farmers on one hand and maintaining business profits on the other.
Elementary Teachers’ Perceptions and Reported Enactment of Autonomy From Prescribed Pacing Guides
Authors: Hemmler Vonna L. , Kenney Allison W. , Dulong Langley Susan , Gubbins E. Jean , Callahan Carolyn M. , Siegle Del
Published: July 2023

Pacing guides are commonplace yet controversial in American public schools. For teachers who question their usefulness, one means to circumvent them is to exercise autonomy in pedagogical decision-making, though doing so comes with challenges. Through interviews, we examined how 87 gifted and general education 4th and 5th grade math and reading/language arts teachers in one large, diverse public school district expressed their autonomy and reported enacting it in their classrooms. Findings indicated teachers’ perceptions of autonomy differed, and their reported pacing guide deviations also differed accordingly. We discuss implications for those in environments where use of pacing guides is mandated.
Transcending the Limitations of Abraham Maslow
Authors: Oseas Dylan H.
Published: July 2023

The following is my reaction to Abraham Maslow’s article, “Toward a Humanistic Biology.” This reflection follows my initial excitement about the opportunity to learn more about Maslow, who is a central figure in humanistic psychology. The article then illustrates the dissonance and disillusion I experienced after reading a passage discrepant with Maslow’s wisdom and values while using a social justice lens to reconcile my concerns. The commentary concludes with a community-oriented solution as a call to update and transcend the limitations of Maslow’s contributions to reflect modern humanistic values and practices.
Symbolically Simple: How Simple Packaging Design Influences Willingness to Pay for Consumable Products
Authors: Ton Lan Anh N. , Smith Rosanna K. , Sevilla Julio
Published: July 2023

Although consumers often value minimalist aesthetics, little work has examined why and when simple packaging designs of consumable products enhance consumer outcomes. The authors theorize that simple packaging evokes a symbolic association whereby minimizing design complexity signals that the product contains few ingredients, which increases perceived product purity and willingness to pay (WTP). A field study examining a supermarket chain's product packages (N = 1,353) provided preliminary support for this increase in WTP and two boundary conditions. Six preregistered studies replicated these effects and tested the underlying process. Studies 1a and 1b showed that the increase in WTP for simple packaging is driven by few-ingredients inferences increasing perceived product purity. Study 2 demonstrated the increase in WTP using an incentive-compatible design. Study 3 reinforced the proposed process via moderated mediation. Lastly, Studies 4 and 5 tested the boundary conditions in the field study, showing that WTP for simple packaging decreases when the product is from a store (vs. nonstore) brand and when consumers have an indulgence (vs. health) goal. These findings offer theoretical and managerial insight into minimalist aesthetics.
Hepatitis C Virus–HIV Coinfection in the United States Among People Who Inject Drugs: Data Needed for Ending Dual Epidemics
Authors: Moorman Anne C. , Bixler Danae , Teshale Eyasu H. , Hofmeister Megan , Roberts Henry , Chapin-Bardales Johanna , Gupta Neil
Published: July 2023

The overlapping epidemics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infection stem from underlying behaviors and health disparities among disproportionately affected populations, especially people who inject drugs (PWID). Characterizing the prevalence of HCV–HIV coinfection offers improved data to address these underlying determinants of health. We performed a literature search for articles that describe US populations, were published during 2005-2021, and summarized evidence of the prevalence of HCV infection in recent HIV clusters and outbreaks among PWID. In population- and community-based studies, HCV antibody prevalence among PWID with HIV ranged from 10.7% to 71.4%, depending on the setting and study design. HCV–HIV coinfection ranged from 70% to 94% among 5 larger HIV clusters or outbreaks among PWID during 2014-2021; where characterized, HCV diagnosis preceded HIV detection by a median of 4 to 5 years. Robust modernized surveillance is needed to support and measure the progress of city, state, and national activities for ending the HIV epidemic and eliminating hepatitis C. Developing and leveraging surveillance systems can identify missed opportunities for prevention, evaluate care, and build capacity for outbreak investigation. In addition, improved data on injection drug use are crucial to inform efforts for improved HCV and HIV testing, prevention, and treatment in settings that serve PWID. By providing data in a wholistic, integrated manner, public health surveillance programs can support efforts to overcome inefficiencies of disease-specific silos, accelerate delivery of preventive and clinical services, and address the excess disease burden and health disparities associated with HCV–HIV coinfection.
Congenital Arhinia: A Neonatal Case Report
Authors: Kolsi Nadia , Mekki K. , Regaieg Ch. , Ben Hamed A. , Charfi M. , Bouraoui A. , Gargouri A. , BenThabet A. , Hentati N.
Published: July 2023

Congenital arhinia or nasal absence is a rare condition, with only less than 100 cases published in the literature to date. It is a rare condition that causes respiratory distress during the neonatal period. Although stabilization of the airway is the priority, management is not clearly defined, given the rarity of the malformation. We report a case of arhinia in a female newborn and briefly review the literature.
Semantics-aware query expansion using pseudo-relevance feedback
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Bhowmick Plaban Kumar
Published: July 2023

In this article, a pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF)–based framework is presented for effective query expansion (QE). As candidate expansion terms, the proposed PRF framework considers the terms that are different morphological variants of the original query terms and are semantically close to them. This strategy of selecting expansion terms is expected to preserve the query intent after expansion. While judging the suitability of an expansion term with respect to a base query, two aspects of relation of the term with the query are considered. The first aspect probes to what extent the candidate term is semantically linked to the original query and the second one checks the extent to which the candidate term can supplement the base query terms. The semantic relationship between a query and expansion terms is modelled using bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). The degree of similarity is used to estimate the relative importance of the expansion terms with respect to the query. The quantified relative importance is used to assign weights of the expansion terms in the final query. Finally, the expansion terms are grouped into semantic clusters to strengthen the original query intent. A set of experiments was performed on three different Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) collections to experimentally validate the effectiveness of the proposed QE algorithm. The results show that the proposed QE approach yields competitive retrieval effectiveness over the existing state-of-the-art PRF methods in terms of the mean average precision (MAP) and precision P at position 10 (P@10).
Music education instructors’ perceptions about pre-service music teacher education in Spain
Authors: Aróstegui José Luis , Fernández-Jiménez Antonio
Published: July 2023

In this paper we report the results of a questionnaire administered to university faculty members in charge of the initial training of music teachers in Spain at both primary and secondary levels. For this purpose, an ad hoc questionnaire was used to collect information on issues such as access to the degree, programme design and evaluation, students, faculty members, as well as teaching conditions and availability of resources. By means of a descriptive statistical analysis, the results obtained show, in general, the programmes to be rated ‘acceptable’. An inferential study was also carried out on the basis of various demographics, and very few differences were found, which indicates a homogeneous perception of programmes. The article concludes with a reflection on what the results indicate about the poor role that research plays in programmes development, as well as the subtle but evident differences found among male and female faculty members, and other topics.
From the screens to the streets? Social media use and participation in the Yellow Vests protests
Authors: Froio Caterina , Romero-Vidal Xavier
Published: July 2023

This article takes the Yellow Vests (YVs, Gilets Jaunes) movement as a case in point to study the mechanisms by which social media can enhance protest participation. Building on the literature on social media and protest behaviour, we study the association between different political experiences on social media and protest engagement. We rely on novel survey data from the project YELLOWPOL collected in France in 2019 during a period characterised by the mobilisation of the YVs. We find that individuals’ experiences on social media play a role in connecting general social media use with their participation in protests. Specifically, we show that simply using social media cannot predict protest behaviour, but seeking content from the accounts of decision-makers and activists and using social media to express opinions contributes to protest participation. These findings enhance the understanding of the individual-level mechanisms linking social media use and protest behaviour in first-wave democracies, expanding existing knowledge on the use and consequences of Internet-mediated technology on political participation and political change.
Camp Abilities – an educational sports camp for children and youth with visual impairment: A systematic review
Authors: Caron Valerie , Allegranza Lara , Lieberman Lauren , Haibach-Beach Pamela
Published: July 2023

Camp Abilities (CA) is an educational summer camp for children and youth with visual impairment (VI), developed in 1996 by Dr Lauren Lieberman at The State University of New York at Brockport and implemented internationally. The uniqueness of the program is that it provides opportunities for sports exposure and motor development, teaching physical education (PE) and adapted physical education (APE) for undergraduate and graduate students and research. CA has contributed to numerous publications but, to date, no systematic review has been published. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of quantitative studies conducted in CA, to document the themes investigated, to analyze the characteristics of the studies and the effects of interventions delivered, and to synthesize the results. This process identified 24 articles that examined 11 research themes. It identified several key findings, research gaps to guide future research, as well as practical implications for practitioners.
Digital inclusion: Lived experiences of students with visual impairment accessibility to web-based information in higher education institutions of Ethiopia
Authors: Dabi Gezie Ketema , Golga Dawit Negassa
Published: July 2023

This study sought to explore the web-based information accessibility experiences of students with visual impairment (SVIs) enrolled in two senior universities in Ethiopia. To achieve this, the study used a descriptive phenomenological design. A total of 11 undergraduate fourth-year SVIs, 5 from Haramaya University and 6 from Addis Ababa University, were purposively chosen for the study. Using semi-structured interviews and Colaizzi’s method of data analysis, four overarching themes were generated inductively: web capability experience, social connection, venue of academic achievement, and disabling web environment. Accordingly, the study came with variations in the capability to access web-based information among SVIs observed due to differences in foreknowledge on basic computers and exposure to web interfaces. Routine use of social media, technical, and material support, and follow-up improves the SVIs’ website browsing ability, resulting in a sense of academic agency, social competence, and persistent ingenuity to academic success. However, complex web designs, incompatible assistive technologies (ATs), inaccessible document formats, poor infrastructure, and undifferentiated information flux on the website create a disabling web environment for SVIs, promoting inequality in web-based information access and hence academic achievement. Thus, findings from this inquiry necessitate universities to work to make web designs accessible and compatible with ATs, provide technical and material support to SVIs based on the severity of their impairment, improve infrastructure, and encourage them to regularly practice website use for academic purposes.
Remote rehabilitation (telerehabilitation) in the sight loss sector: Reflections on challenges and opportunities from service providers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jones Lee , Lee Matthew , Gomes Renata SM
Published: July 2023

Background:

Vision rehabilitation services are increasingly being delivered remotely (i.e., telerehabilitation); yet, limited research has explored practitioners’ attitudes towards this approach or considered the wider implications of re-designing services. This qualitative study investigates perspectives on delivering telerehabilitation among sight loss support organisations.

Methods:

Twelve participants from 9 sight loss charities in the United Kingdom took part in a semi-structured interview. Participants were professionals from large national rehabilitation service providers ( n = 5), regional charities ( n = 3), or local community organisations ( n = 4). Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Four themes were identified (1) Delivery of telerehabilitation; (2) Opportunities associated with telerehabilitation; (3) challenges associated with telerehabilitation; and (4) wider challenges in the vision rehabilitation sector. Greater utilisation of telerehabilitation was viewed positively; however, questions arose regarding cost-effectiveness and the appropriateness of this method of service delivery. Factors such as workforce decline, access to training, and understanding of vision rehabilitation were identified as wider problems affecting the future landscape of vision rehabilitation.

Conclusion:

Digital innovation has facilitated local and national organisations to provide largely successful and accessible telerehabilitation services. Wider challenges call for investment in strategies and policies to ensure people with visual impairment can continue to benefit from vision rehabilitation services.