bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rise of Proterozoic Diagenetic Spheroids Formed by Chemically Oscillating Reactions and Stimulated by Environmental Redox Changes
Authors: Buma-At Princess Aira , Papineau Dominic
Published: August 2024

Diagenetic spheroids are rounded mineralised structures in sedimentary rocks that span several orders of size dimensions. These objects include rosettes spanning tens of micrometres, millimetre-sized granules, and centimetre- to metre-scale botryoids, nodules and concretions. Connections between diagenetic spheroids and chemically oscillating reactions (COR) have been established based on chemical and pattern similarities. Nevertheless, it is unknown if there are variations in their occurrences throughout geological time, especially during periods of global environmental change. This is because COR are pattern-forming reactions where carboxylic acids are decarboxylated by strong oxidants like sulphuric acid, bromate, or iodate. The hypothesis is that there should be a greater number of diagenetic spheroids at periods of increased atmospheric-oceanic oxygenation levels. Hence, this work presents the first compilation of occurrences of diagenetic spheroids between 0.541 to 1.8 billion years ago (Ga). The compiled patterned objects are those with concentric laminations and radially aligned crystals, which are patterns akin to equidistant circularly concentric waves that radially propagate in COR. Another characteristic of diagenetic spheroids, such as in botryoidal minerals, is the destructive interfere that forms circular twins; this is identical to the COR pattern formed when circular waves meet. The timeline of Proterozoic diagenetic spheroids produced in this work reveals a significant increase of occurrences across the Ediacaran, which is attributed to increased environmental oxidation state. During this interval, seawater is known to have become richer in sulphate and iodate, which create ideal conditions for the abiotic and diagenetic oxidation of biomass. Therefore, increased occurrences of diagenetic spheroids in the Neoproterozoic possibly represents sedimentological evidence for abiotic decarboxylation reactions and widespread COR in productive environments. The distribution of diagenetic spheroids observed during the Proterozoic may also be more broadly applicable to other epochs of Earth history.
Finite Element-based Simulation for Bending Behavior of Corrugated Package
Authors: Park Jong Min , Kim Jong Soon , Sim Jae Min , Jung Hyun Mo
Published: August 2024

Corrugated boards are used for packaging because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, recyclability, and biodegradability. They have an orthotropic sandwich structure with unique characteristics for each direction owing to their flute shape. In this study, the bending behavior was qualitatively analyzed for various variables through an FE-based simulation, and the possibility of an alternative test method for the four-point bending test on a corrugated board was examined through a similarity analysis with the experimental results. The cross-machine direction (CD) bending stiffness through finite element analysis (FEA) simulation was closely related to the thickness of the corrugated board. In AB-flute-double-wall (AB/F-DW), the difference in CD bending stiffness based on the bending direction was approximately 17.2% in the FEA simulation and approximately 10.5% in the experiment. However, the differences in the bending behavior (bending force vs. deflection plot) and bending stiffness based on the phase shift between the two flutes constituting BB-flute-double-wall (BB/F-DW) were insignificant. Overall, the CD bending behavior of the corrugated board was simulated relatively well through FEA simulation. However, it was impossible to simulate the machine-direction (MD) bending behavior through FE-based simulation because of a decrease in convergence and a large error caused by the variability of the contact condition of the modeled test specimen with a non-uniform MD cross-section.
Impaired PARylation Turnover in Radiation- Damaged Tissue
Authors: Mayer Felicitas , Kemnitz Ivonne , Geyer Peter , Kotzerke Jörg , Fitze Guido , Haase Michael Günter
Published: August 2024

PARP inhibitors are used in tumor therapy exploiting their inhibitory role in DNA repair. Radiation therapy leads to DNA damage in the affected region comprising both tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue. In addition, radiotherapy has long-standing effects on DNA integrity. The mechanisms for this are not well understood. We studied normal tissue damage of the lung after application of ionizing radiation (IR) in two well established rat models comprising both external (eIR) and internal (iIR) ionizing radiation. We found a nearly complete (~350-fold) loss of PARP-1 in the irradiated tissue in both models but no change in PARylated protein. This may be explained by the strong decrease in both ARH3 and PARG, both deparylating enzymes. We demonstrate, that of all these proteins are expressed in type II pneumocytes, but also in type I pneumocytes and the bronchiolar epithelium. The data suggest a severe disturbance of PARylation in these cells which may affect their major functions such as maintenance of the integrity of the alveolar wall. It is likely that the application of PARP inhibitors could have cumulative effects in radiation-damaged normal tissue.
The Protective Role of Intermedin in Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Enhancing Peritubular Capillary Endothelial Cell Adhesion and Integrity through the cAMP/Rac1 Pathway
Authors: Gao Tingting , Gu Ruiyuan , Wang Heng , Li Lizheng , Hu Jie , Zhang Bojin , Tian Qinqin , Chang Runze , Yan Sheng , Zhang Ruijing , Zheng Guoping , Dong Honglin
Published: August 2024

Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is a common complication in hospital-acquired renal conditions, yet its pathogenesis remains unclear and effective treatments are limited. Intermedin (IMD), a peptide related to the calcitonin gene, exhibits vasodilatory and endothelial barrier-stabilizing effects via the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). However, the potential of IMD in mitigating CIAKI has not been thoroughly investigated.
Aims: This study aimed to delineate the protective role of IMD in CIAKI through both in vitro and in vivo models, with a particular focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms, specifically the cAMP/Rac1 signaling pathway.
Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with iohexol to simulate kidney injury in vitro. The protective effects of IMD were evaluated using the CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, and western blotting. A CIAKI rat model was developed to assess renal peritubular capillary endothelial cell injury and renal function using a range of techniques, including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy.
Results: In vitro, IMD significantly enhanced HUVEC viability and mitigated iohexol-induced toxicity by preserving intercellular adhesion junctions and activating the cAMP/Rac1 pathway. The protective effects of IMD were attenuated by Rac1 inhibition. In vivo, CIAKI caused considerable damage to peritubular capillary endothelial cell junctions, leading to impaired renal function. IMD treatment markedly improved renal function, an effect that was abolished by Rac1 inhibition.
Conclusion: IMD protects against renal injury in CIAKI by activating the cAMP/Rac1 pathway, thereby preserving the integrity of peritubular capillary endothelial cells and mitigating acute renal injury induced by contrast media. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of IMD in CIAKI and emphasize the critical role of the cAMP/Rac1 pathway in renal protection.
Possibility of Total Cholesterol/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio as a Prognostic Indicator through Correlation Analysis with Hyperlipidemia Related Diseases in Dogs
Authors: Choi Kyuhyung
Published: August 2024

In veterinary medicine, the significance of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) measurements is not well-documented than it is in humans. The HDL level can be measured in dogs, and through referring to the normal range, it is possible to find out what this means for various endocrine diseases and hyperlipidemia diseases. Aim of this study is to measure the HDL levels in dogs with various conditions and to evaluate whether the Total Cholesterol (TC), HDL ratio is effective as a prognostic indicator in various hyperlipidemia and endocrine diseases. Through prospective clinical trial, sixteen client-owned dogs and cats visiting a local private practice were divided into three groups; five dogs without hyperlipidemia or metabolic disease (Group 1); eight animals with Cushing's, hypothyroidism, and gallbladder sludge (Group 2) and three diabetics, urinary disorders, and healthy cats (Group 3).
In two dogs, the TC/HDL values were between 2 and 3; in two dogs, the values were between 3 and 4; in two dogs, the values were between 4 and 5. In three dogs, the TC/HDL values were between 5 and 6 and in three dogs, the ratio values were between 6 and 7. The other value was higher than 8. Except two dogs which showed lower value than 3, all dogs had concurrent endocrine disease including Cushing’s disease, hypothyroidism, gall bladder mucocele, hyperlipidemia. There was a difference in each group in terms of the TC/HDL value compared to the group with underlying disease. This means that TC/HDL values can be an excellent indicator of endocrine disease in dogs as well. In cats, although this is a very small sample, a high TC/HDL value of 9 points are shown in the cat which had diabetes mellitus. However, for more statistically significant results, a larger sample group for further investigation is needed.
A Comparative Study of Metaheuristic Feature Selection Algorithms for Respiratory Disease Classification
Authors: Gürkan Kuntalp Damla , Özcan Nermin , Düzyel Okan , Kababulut Yasin , Kuntalp Mehmet
Published: August 2024

Correct diagnosis and early treatment of respiratory diseases can significantly improve the health status of patients, reduce healthcare expences, and enhance quality of life. Therefore, there has been extensive interest in developing automatic respiratory disease detection systems. Most of these methods have recently been using machine and deep learning algorithms. The success of machine learning methods depends heavily on the selection of proper features to be used in the classifier. Although metaheuristic-based feature selection methods have been successful in addressing difficulties presented by high-dimensional medical data in various biomedical classification tasks, there is not much research on the utilization of metaheuristic methods in respiratory disease classification. This paper aims to conduct a detailed and comparative analysis of six widely used metaheuristic optimization methods using eight different transfer functions in respiratory disease classification. For this purpose, two different classification cases were examined: binary and multi-class. The findings demonstrate that metaheuristic algorithms using correct transfer functions could effectively reduce data dimensionality while enhancing classification accuracy.
Endovascular Aortic Repair in Traumatic Descending Thoracic Aortic Transection: A Case Report with Short Literature Review
Authors: Changlani Nikita , Panjiyar Binay , Khan Sanam Wasim , Kaushal Akshita , Cherukuru Sreeja , Mahendru Diksha , Sharma Grishma , Shadan Safa Kaleem
Published: August 2024

Aortic transection, a near-complete tear through the layers of the aorta, is a critical condition often resulting from trauma such as motor vehicle collisions. The urgency of managing aortic transection underscores the critical need for effective interventions. We report the case of a male in his early 50’s with no significant medical history who presented to the emergency department following a motor vehicle collision, sustaining multiple injuries including a descending thoracic aortic transection. Rapid diagnostic assessment confirmed the severity of the injury, necessitating immediate intervention. Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) was successfully employed, highlighting its efficacy in managing acute aortic injuries. The patient responded well to treatment, underscoring the importance of timely intervention in improving patient outcomes. This case emphasizes the critical role of rapid diagnostic assessment and endovascular intervention in managing life-threatening thoracic aortic injuries, particularly in the acute setting.
Effect of Ultra High Pressure Homogenisation (UHPH) on the Co-inoculation of Lachancea thermotolerans and Metschnikowia pulcherrima in Tempranillo Must with the Use of Different Nutrients and Inoculum Concentrations
Authors: VAQUERO Cristian , ESCOTT Carlos , Loira Iris , López Carmen , González Carmen , Fresno Juan Manuel del , Guamis Buenaventura , Morata Antonio
Published: August 2024

The utilisation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in co-inoculation and non-thermal technologies for must sterilisation is becoming increasingly prevalent due to its notable utility and potential. This approach optimises the fermentation process, facilitates the production of wines with distinctive characteristics and enhances their stability. Two trials were conducted concurrently, designated as A and B. The same red must was utilized in both trials, with one undergoing UHPH treatment and the other serving as the control. The non-Saccharomyces yeasts were identical in both trials. In Trial A, different percentages of initial inoculum were employed with respect to the total volume of must to be fermented, with the objective of evaluating the influence and competitiveness between yeasts. Trial B was designed to investigate the impact of two nutrients that provide vitamins, energy and protection from oxidative stress on the development of these yeasts and their metabolic expression. A microbiological analysis was conducted, along with oenological parameter measurements, acidification assessments, volatile compound analyses, and spectrophotometric evaluations. It was observed in both trials that the prevalence of Lachancea thermotolerans (Lt) was longer than that of Metschnikowia pulcherrima (Mp), and that the use of quercetin + thiamine had a positive effect on yeast growth. Furthermore, the combination of Lt and Mp yeasts demonstrated remarkable synergy, resulting in the production of a substantial quantity of lactic acid (>5 g/L). With regard to aroma compounds, the UHPH must exhibited a nearly twofold increase in ethyl lactate. Additionally, the TPI was observed to be 8-10% higher in wines derived from UHPH musts, indicating that this technology may potentially safeguard against oxidation.
An Android Based Internet Of Medical Things Adaptive User Authentication And Authorisation Model For The Elderly
Authors: Mavhemwa Prudence M , Zennaro Marco , Nsengiyumva Philibert , Nzanywayingoma Frederic
Published: August 2024

Globally, 77\% of the elderly aged 65 and above suffer from multiple chronic ailments, according to recent research. However, several barriers within the healthcare system in the developing world hinder the adoption of home-based patient management. IoMT is beneficial for healthcare personnel, but its application raises security concerns, particularly in authentication. Several authentication techniques have been proposed which, however, lack a balance of security and usability. By analyzing the shortcomings of the existing authentication methods and the available sensors on smartphones, this paper proposes to explore the possibility of using a smartphone’s embedded sensors for elderly user identification process in IoMT. We proposed an adaptive authentication technique for the elderly patients using the MAPE-K$_{\text{HMT}}$ framework by developing an android application that takes as input, the user’s contextual information including device fingerprint, location, network, and user data to monitor the user and estimate the risk associated with a user using the Naïve Bayes algorithm. The risk score was then used as input to the rule-based module that assigned authenticators according to user age, health condition and available authenticators. The model demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing between authorized and unauthorized access attempts and supported the usable security goal for the elderly users.
Deep Learning Method Applied to Autonomous Image Diagnosis for Prick Test
Authors: Gomes Ramon Hernany Martins , Perger Edson Luiz Pontes , Vasques Lucas Hecker , Silva Elaine Gagete Miranda Da , Simões Rafael Plana
Published: August 2024

Background: The skin prick test (SPT) is used to diagnose sensitization to antigens. This study proposes a deep learning approach to infer wheal dimensions, aiming to reduce dependence on human interpretation. Methods: A dataset of SPT images (n=5844) was used to infer a convolutional neural network for wheal segmentation (ML model). Three methods for inferring wheal dimensions were evaluated: the ML model; the standard protocol (MA1); and approximation of the area as an ellipse using diameters measured by an allergist (MA2). The results were compared with assisted image segmentation (AIS), the most accurate method. Bland-Altman, distribution analyses, and correlation tests were applied to compare the methods. The study also compared the percentage deviation among these methods in determining the area of wheals with regular geometric shapes (n = 150) and with irregular shapes (n=150). Results: The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the difference between methods was not correlated with the absolute area. The ML model achieved a segmentation accuracy of 85.88% and a strong correlation with the AIS method (ρ=0.88), outperforming all other methods. Additionally, MA1 showed significant error (13.44±13.95%) for pseudopods. Conclusions: The ML protocol can potentially automate the reading of SPT, offering greater accuracy than the standard protocol.
Evaluation of an Infinite-Level Inverter Operation Powered by a DC-DC Converter in Open and Closed Loop
Authors: Pavón Nataly Gabriela Valencia , Téllez Alexander Aguila , Urbano Javier Rojas , Taramuel Victor , Guanga Edwin
Published: August 2024

This paper evaluates the open and closed loop DC-DC converter operation within a DC coupling multilevel inverter architecture to obtain an infinite level stepped sinusoidal voltage. Adding a cascade controller to the DC-DC converter should reduce the settling time and increase the number of levels in the output voltage waveform, it could decrease the speed error and phase shift concerning the sinusoidal reference signal. The proposed methodology consists of implementing an experimental multilevel inverter with DC coupling, through a single-phase bridge inverter energized from a BUCK converter, trigger signals for the two converters are obtained from a control circuit based in an ATMEGA644P microcontroller, and a digital controller is also implemented to evaluate the operation of the BUCK converter in open and closed loop and observe its influence in the stepped sinusoidal output voltage. The evaluation is performed to energize a resistive load with common output voltage in multilevel inverters, that is 3, 5, 7, 11, and infinity levels. Results show that during the design stage, fast dynamic elements, like the storage capacitor, can be used to obtain a minimum THD because the settling time is sufficiently fast and the speed error remains small and there isn’t a need for a controller. A digital controller requires processing time and although in theory, it can reduce the settling time to a minimum, the processor introduces latency in the control signals generation, producing the opposite effect. Controller complexity of the digital controller must be considered because it increases processing time and influences the efficiency of the closed-loop operation.
Overcoming Therapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: Targeting Rac1 Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Anselmino Luciano E , Malizia Florencia , Avila Aylén , Cesatti Laluce Nahuel , Mamberto Macarena , Zanotti Lucía C , Farré Cecilia , Menacho Márquez Mauricio
Published: August 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer worldwide and is responsible for numerous deaths. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective chemotherapy drug commonly used in the treatment of CRC, either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. However, half of CRC cases are resistant to 5-FU-based therapies. To contribute to the understanding the mechanisms underlying CRC resistance or recurrence after 5-FU-based therapies, we performed a comprehensive study integrating in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. We identified differentially expressed genes and enrichment of pathways associated with recurrence after 5-FU-based therapies. Using these bioinformatic data as a starting point, we selected a group of drugs that restored 5-FU sensitivity to 5-FU resistant cells. Interestingly, treatment with the novel Rac1 inhibitor, 1A-116, reversed morphological changes associated with 5-FU resistance back to a control-like status. Moreover, our in vivo studies have shown that 1A-116 affected tumor growth and the development of metastasis. All our data allowed us to postulate that targeting Rac1 represents a promising avenue for the development of new therapies for patients with CRC resistant to 5-FU-based therapies.
Cosmological Models within $f(T, B)$ Gravity in a Holographic Framework
Authors: Chokyi Khandro K , Chattopadhyay Surajit
Published: August 2024

We investigate the cosmological evolution of the universe for a spatially flat FLRW background space within the context of $f(T,B)$ gravity, which is a recently formulated teleparallel theory that connects both $f(T)$ and $f(R)$ gravity under suitable limits. The analysis has been done by focusing on four different $f(T,B)$ cosmological models corresponding to various choices of scale factor, namely emergent, logamediate, and intermediate. In addition to this, we also assume a power-law-like function of $f(T,B)$ gravity. The reconstruction of $f(T,B)$ gravity has been done by considering the Holographic Ricci Dark Energy(HRDE) (a particular case of a highly generalized holographic dark energy given in Nojiri et al. in General Relativity and Gravitation, 38, pp.1285-1304,2006) as the background fluid. We analyze the equation of state parameters and the squared speed of sound for the reconstructed models. Finally, we conducted the thermodynamical analysis for each reconstructed model. The generalised second law of thermodynamics(GSLT) is valid for the four different $f(T,B)$ cosmological models.
Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some New Thiopyrimidin-Benzenesulfonamide Compounds
Authors: Khalifa Abdalrahman , Anwar Manal M. , Alshareef Walaa A. , El Gebaly Eman Abd Elaziz , Elseginy Samia A. , Abdelwahed Sameh H.
Published: August 2024

Bacterial infection poses a serious threat to human life due to its rapidly growing resistance to antibacterial drugs, which is a significant public health issue. This study was focused on the design and synthesis of a new series of 25 analogues bearing 5-cyano-6-oxo-4-substituted phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine scaffold hybridized with different substituted benzene-sulfonamides through thioacetamide linker M1-25 via the treatment of the key intermediates 2-mercapto-6-oxo-4-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitriles 1a-c with different 2-chloro-N-substituted benzene-sulfonamide derivatives 4a-e overnight at room temperature. The spectroscopic data of all the new compounds (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass) was studied in detail to confirm their molecular structures. The antimicrobial activity of the new molecules was studied against various Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal strains. All the tested compounds showed promising broad spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, especially against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, with ZOI values ranging from 15 to 30 mm. Furthermore, the most promising compounds M6, M19,M 20, and M25 were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. In addition, the anti-virulence activity of the compounds was also examined using multiple biofilm assays. The new compounds revealed promising suppressing activity of microbial biofilm formation in the examined K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa microbial isolates. Additional in silico ADMET studies were conducted to represent their oral bioavailability, drug-likeness characteristics, and human toxicity risks. The obtained data suggest the newly prepared pyrimidine-benzene-sulfonamide derivatives may serve as model compounds amenable for further optimization and development of new antimicrobial and antisepsis candidates.
miR-10a/b-5p-NCOR2 Regulates Insulin-Resistant Diabetes in Female Mice
Authors: Ha Se Eun , Singh Rajan , Jin Byungchang , Baek Gain , Jorgensen Brian G. , Zogg Hannah , Debnath Sushmita , Park Hahn Sung , Cho Hayeong , Watkins Claudia Marie , Cho Sumin , Kim Min-Seob , Lee Moon Young , Yu Tae Yang , Jeong Jin Woo , Ro Seungil
Published: August 2024

Gender and biological sex have distinct impacts on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Estrogen deficiency is known to predispose female mice to T2D. In our previous study, we found that high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) induces T2D in male mice through the miR-10b-5p/KLF11/KIT pathway, but not in females, highlighting hormonal disparities in T2D susceptibility. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this hormonal protection in females remain elusive. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized ovariectomized, estrogen-deficient female mice, fed them a HFHSD to induce T2D, and investigated the molecular mechanisms pathway in estrogen-deficient diabetic female mice, cell lines, and patients with T2D in female. Initially, female mice fed a HFHSD exhibited delayed onset of T2D, but ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency promptly precipitated T2D without delay. Intriguingly, insulin (INS) was upregulated, while insulin receptor (INSR) and protein kinase B (AKT) were downregulated in these estrogen-deficient diabetic female mice, indicating insulin-resistant T2D. These dysregulations of INS, INSR, and AKT were mediated by a miR-10a/b-5p-NCOR2 axis. Treatment of miR-10a/b-5p effectively alleviated hyperglycemia in estrogen-deficient T2D female mice, while β-estradiol temporarily reduced hyperglycemia. Consistent with the murine findings, plasma samples from female T2D patients exhibited significant reductions in miR-10a/b-5p, estrogen, and INSR, but increased insulin levels. Our findings suggest that estrogen protect against insulin-resistant T2D in females through miR-10a/b-5p/NCOR2 pathway, indicating the potential therapeutic benefits of miR-10a/b-5p restoration in female T2D management.
Manufacturing and Functional Characterization of Graphite/Metal Composite Materials for High Voltage Electric Motors
Authors: Mirea Radu , Ene Razvan , Ene Dragoș
Published: August 2024

Current paper is aiming to show the obtained results in manufacturing and characterization of graphite-based and metal composite materials suitable to be used in high voltage applications of automotive and/or aviation field. Thus, 4 types of materials have been processed and tested in order to assess their suitability to be used as current collector material for electric engines. The novelty of this work is the presentation of the new innovative technological process for obtaining the carbon/metal composite material used in the manufacture of sliding contacts for current collector heads, as well as the characteristics obtained for this material. All 4 obtained materials have been characterized from structural, mechanical and functional point of view and the most suitable of them has been chosen to be further developed by the end beneficiary.
Predictive Modelling of Land Cover Changes in the Greater Amanzule Peatlands Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Amoakoh Alex Owusu , Aplin Paul , Rodríguez-Veiga Pedro , Moses Cherith , Alonso Carolina Peña , Cortés Joaquín A. , Delgado-Fernandez Irene , Kankam Stephen , Mensah Justice Camillus , Nortey Daniel Doku Nii
Published: August 2024

The Greater Amanzule Peatland (GAP) in Ghana represents an important ecosystem facing dynamic land cover changes as a result of both natural and anthropogenic factors. This study integrates multispectral and radar remote sensing data from Landsat-7 and -8, L-band SAR, and SRTM to conduct a machine learning-based analysis of these changes from 2010 to 2020 and to predict future scenarios up to 2040. Findings reveal a 12% expansion in peatland cover, equivalent to approximately 6,570 ± 308.59 hectares, despite declines in specific peatland types. Concurrently, anthropogenic land uses have increased, evidenced by an 85% rise in rubber plantations (from 30,530 ± 110.96 hectares to 56,617 ± 220.90 hectares) and a 6% reduction in natural forest cover (5,965 ± 353.72 hectares). Sparse vegetation, including smallholder farms, decreased by 35% from 45,064 ± 163.79 hectares to 29,424 ± 114.81 hectares. Projections for 2030 and 2040 indicate minimal changes based on current trends; however, these do not consider potential impacts from climate change, large-scale development projects, and demographic shifts, necessitating cautious interpretation. The results highlight areas of stability and vulnerability within the GAP and offer critical insights for the development of targeted conservation strategies. Additionally, the methodological framework presented provides a robust approach for accurate and detailed landscape-scale monitoring of tropical peatlands, applicable to other regions facing similar environmental challenges.
Symptom Burden in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: Prevalence and Severity 17 Years Apart
Authors: Bossola Maurizio , Mariani Ilaria , Piccinini Carlo Pasquale , Spoliti Claudia , Di Stasio Enrico
Published: August 2024

Aim. The aim of this study is to compare data from two cohorts separated by a 17-year interval. We assessed the prevalence and severity of symptoms with the “dialysis symptom index” in these two groups recruited in 2007 and 2024 to determine how advancements in dialysis therapy have influenced symptom burden’s prevalence and severityMethods. We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients receiving thrice weekly, in-center hemodialysis. The population, recruited between February and March 2007, was comprised of patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis at the outpatient dialysis unit of our hospital. This dialysis facility is staffed by academic nephrologists. In May 2024, in the same unit, another population sample was recruited and studied as in 2007. Study coordinators administered the Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI) during the dialysis treatment. The DSI is made up of 30 questions, each of which addresses a specific physical or emotional symptom. Patients were asked to report symptoms that had been present at any time during the previous week by responding “yes” or “no”. For symptoms that were present, the patient was then asked to describe the symptom severity on a five-point Likert scale (1= not bothersome to 5=bothers very much). We generated a total symptom burden score that represents the total number of symptoms reported as being present, as well as a total symptom severity score that represents the sum of individual severity scores assigning a severity score of zero for symptoms that were not present. Results. We studied 71 patients in 2007 and 61 patients in 2024. The demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the two study populations did not differ significantly. The total symptom burden score did not differ significantly between 2007 and 2024. The prevalence of most symptoms was similar in the two groups. The prevalence of constipation, decreased interest in sex and difficulty becoming sex aroused was higher in 2024 than in 2007. The total symptom severity was similar in the two periods. The severity of most symptoms was similar in the two groups. The severity of decreased interest in sex and difficulty becoming sex aroused was higher in 2024 than in 2007. Conclusion. The present study shows that, 17 years apart, the prevalence and severity of the symptom burden in patients on maintenance hemodialysis has not changed significantly. These results suggest that effort should be made to design adequate studies on the causes and pathogenesis of physical and emotional symptoms of patients on chronic hemodialysis and, once the underlying mechanisms are identified, it is amenable that high-quality studies on possible therapeutic pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions will be performed.
AgNPs: An Adaptive Methodology in Malignant Growth Treatment, Disclosing Upgraded Radiotherapy and Beyond
Authors: ALMAYAHI BASIM
Published: August 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have arisen as promising specialists in malignant growth treatment, especially in further developing radiotherapy results. In vitro examinations feature AgNPs' capacity to increment radiosensitivity in disease cell lines, prompting uplifted cell demise and decreased clonogenic endurance. Outstandingly, AgNPs display insignificant poisonousness to ordinary cells, recommending potential for specific focusing of disease cells during radiotherapy. The blend of AgNPs with cisplatin shows huge cytotoxicity and oxidative pressure, particularly in tumoral cells, underscoring the requirement for additional investigation of this therapeutic methodology. AgNPs likewise show guarantee in prompting oxidative pressure in pancreatic disease cells, recommending an expected application in pancreatic malignant growth treatment. In co-openness situations, AgNPs, when joined with cadmium, prompt metabolic variation, showing compromised cell safeguard systems. Moreover, AgNPs display potential in tweaking ABC carrier action, offering a procedure to defeat multidrug obstruction in disease cells. While featuring the significant capability of AgNPs in disease treatment, the rundown highlights the need for continuous exploration to clarify their components, well-being profiles, and clinical applications. Combining AgNPs with radiotherapy presents a promising road, tending to limits in ordinary disease therapies and underlining their multifunctionality in forming the eventual fate of malignant growth therapeutics.
Hubungan Karakteristik Petani dengan Tingkat Adopsi Inovasi OPIP Padi 400 di Kecamatan Bendosari Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Authors: Puspita Yulia Hernan , Sugihardjo Sugihardjo , Suwarto Suwarto
Published: August 2024

The implementation of the Optimization of Rice Land Index Improvement 400 (commonly called OPIP Padi 400) in Bendosari Sub-district has yet to be fully realized. Some of farmers still unsure, are in the process of implementing, or have not and not implemented the program. This is because the rate of innovation adoption is influenced by the characteristics of the adoptees. This study aimed to determine factors forming characteristic of farmers, farmer adoption rate in the program, examines relationships between farmer characteristics with their adoption Rate, the difference in OPIP Padi 400 adoption rate between farmers on paddy fields and dry land. Quantitative research design was used. In this research Mulur, Mojorejo, Cabeyan, and Puhgogor Villages of Bendosari Sub-district were purposively selected. Disproportionate random sampling was used to sample 68 farmers. Quantitative data were analyzed using rank spearman and Mann Whitney with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between farmer characteristics with adoption rate of OPIP Padi 400 innovations, such as age, non-formal education, land ownership, farmer group membership, and farming experience. Formal education, number of household members, and farmland size are not significantly related. A comparison of the adoption rate of OPIP Padi 400 between farmers in paddy fields and dry land obtained Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) of 0.058, which means that there is no significant difference at the 95% confidence level (α = 0.05).
Analysis of Changes in Non-Taxable Entrepreneurs to Taxable Entrepreneurs: Case Study on CV ABC
Authors: Wibowo Brigitha Maura Adelia , Juliati  , Triatmoko Hanung , Suranta Sri
Published: August 2024

This study seeks to gain insights into the company in question by examining the factors involved in confirming its status as a Taxable Entrepreneur (TE), specifically about Value-Added Tax (VAT) and the responsibilities that must be fulfilled by VAT-Registered Persons. Moreover, there are consequences of officially confirming a taxable company for taxpayers officially confirmed by the Director General of Taxes. The author utilized a descriptive qualitative research method to analyze data obtained from CV ABC. The data were processed using interviews and data documentation. The analysis technique included data presentation and conclusion. The results are based on the author's research and analysis, indicating that CV ABC did not immediately confirm its status as a Taxable Entrepreneur independently. The researcher provided a calculation of Taxable Entrepreneur assumptions. CV ABC experienced a decline in sales, leading to losses caused by VAT collection, as the company did not increase selling prices. Due to indications of being confirmed as a Taxable Entrepreneur by authorities, CV ABC must comply with all the consequences and obligations of being a Taxable Entrepreneur as required by the authorities.
Deskripsi Korban Dicurigai Bunuh Diri yang Diperiksa Visum di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Tahun 2019-2023
Authors: Agustin Rahmawati Theresia Trivika Millenia , Nugroho Novianto Adi , Suwandono Adji
Published: August 2024

Pendahuluan: Bunuh diri masih menjadi satu di antara penyebab utama kematian di dunia dengan 703.000 orang melakukan bunuh diri setiap tahunnya. Kepolisian Indonesia mencatat terjadi 451 kematian akibat bunuh diri pada Januari hingga Oktober 2023, namun data terkait jenis kelamin dan metode bunuh diri yang banyak di lakukan pada tingkat nasional maupun provinsi tidak mudah didapatkan. Saat ini, belum ada data terbuka yang menggambarkan korban bunuh diri di Surakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui deskripsi korban dicurigai bunuh diri yang diperiksa visum di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta pada tahun 2019 hingga 2023.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan teknik total sampling dari berkas Visum et Repertum korban dicurigai bunuh diri yang diperiksa visum di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta tahun 2019-2023
Hasil: Didapatkan 19 korban dicurigai bunuh diri yang diperiksa visum di RSUD Dr. Moewardi tahun 2019-2023. Jumlah korban tertinggi pada usia dewasa diikuti usia lansia lalu usia remaja. Korban laki-laki lebih banyak dibanding perempuan. Kelompok bekerja menjadi kelompok terbanyak dicurigai melakukan bunuh diri dibanding kelompok pelajar/mahasiswa dan tidak bekerja. Korban dengan trauma lebih banyak daripada korban tanpa trauma, dengan jenis trauma tertinggi adalah trauma tumpul diikuti trauma tajam, serta tidak ada korban dengan trauma tembak dan trauma termal.
Kesimpulan: Korban dicurigai bunuh diri paling banyak berusia dewasa, berjenis kelamin laki-laki, pada kelompok bekerja, disebabkan oleh trauma dengan jenis trauma tumpul.
Evaluating County Health Department Infrastructure Changes Intended to Improve Access to Federal Funding for Community-Based Organizations, Maricopa County, Arizona
Authors: Johnson Emily Peterson , Cargill Jessica , Appelt Erin , Arlak Alexis , Chiang Rachelle Johnsson
Published: August 2024

In 2021, the Maricopa County Department of Public Health in Maricopa County, Arizona, modified its subcontracting process to engage more community-based organizations that serve populations disproportionately affected by COVID-19. The change allowed subrecipients to receive 40% of grant funding up front. An evaluation found that providing up-front funding engaged smaller-budget organizations. However, factors such as administrative requirements and formal policies associated with government partnerships limited the perceived benefits of up-front funding. These findings are relevant for entities seeking to improve access to federal funding. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S7):S562–S565. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307740 )
Interventions to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 Among People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness: Chicago, Illinois, March 1, 2020–May 11, 2023
Authors: Tietje Lauren , Ghinai Isaac , Cooper Antea , Tung Elizabeth L. , Borah Brian , Funk Michelle , Ramachandran Divya , Gerber Ben , Man Bernice , Singer Rebecca , Bell Elizabeth , Moss Angela , Weidemiller Andrew , Chaudhry Mehreen , Lendacki Frances , Bernard Rachel , Gretsch Stephanie , English Kayla , Huggett Thomas D. , Tornabene Mary , Cool Caroline , Detmer Wayne M. , Schroeter Mary Kate , Mayer Stockton , Davis Elizabeth , Boegner Josh , Glenn Erik Elias , Phillips Gregory , Falck Suzanne , Barranco Lindsay , Toews Karrie-Ann
Published: August 2024

Objectives. To compare the incidence, case-hospitalization rates, and vaccination rates of COVID-19 between people experiencing sheltered homelessness (PESH) and the broader community in Chicago, Illinois, and describe the impact of a whole community approach to disease mitigation during the public health emergency.

Methods. Incidence of COVID-19 among PESH was compared with community-wide incidence using case-based surveillance data from March 1, 2020, to May 11, 2023. Seven-day rolling means of COVID-19 incidence were assessed for the overall study period and for each of 6 distinct waves of COVID-19 transmission.

Results. A total of 774 009 cases of COVID-19 were detected: 2579 among PESH and 771 430 in the broader community. Incidence and hospitalization rates per 100 000 in PESH were more than 5 times higher (99.84 vs 13.94 and 16.88 vs 2.14) than the community at large in wave 1 (March 1, 2020–October 3, 2020). This difference decreased through wave 3 (March 7, 2021–June 26, 2021), with PESH having a lower incidence rate per 100 000 than the wider community (8.02 vs 13.03). Incidence and hospitalization of PESH rose again to rates higher than the broader community in waves 4 through 6 but never returned to wave 1 levels. Throughout the study period, COVID-19 incidence among PESH was 2.88 times higher than that of the community (70.90 vs 24.65), and hospitalization was 4.56 times higher among PESH (7.51 vs 1.65).

Conclusions. Our findings suggest that whole-community approaches can minimize disparities in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission between vulnerable populations and the broader community, and reinforce the benefits of a shared approach that include multiple partners when addressing public health emergencies in special populations. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S7):S590–S598. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307801 )
Weight gain during pregnancy and the probability of macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes
Authors: Parra-Cabrera María Socorro , Delgado-Ramírez Jose Zaim , Ángeles–Llerenas Angélica Rocío , Hurtado-Salgado Erika , Méndez Gómez-Humarán Ignacio
Published: August 2024

Objective. To analyze the association between gestational weight gain in women with gestational diabetes and an increased risk of macrosomia. Materials and methods. Cohort study with 139 pregnant women screened by a single-step oral glucose tolerance curve between 24-28 weeks of gestation were confirmed with gestational diabetes and sent to a hospital. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was calculated from pre-pregnancy weight. Weight was measured at each prenatal consultation. The reference category was women with normal prenatal BMI who gained appropriate weight during pregnancy. At each visit, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) consisted of nutritional counseling, physical activity plan, and insulin therapy. Compliance with MNT was measured by capillary glucose measurements taken by each participant at home. Results. 74.8% were primiparous, and 28.8% had normal pre-pregnancy BMI. The no linear logistic regression model showed women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI had twice (OR= 2.08, 95%CI: 1.07,4.05) the possibility of macrosomia, compared to mothers with overweight or obesity, adjusting for Capurro index, number of children in the family, and percent of compliance MNT. Macrosomia was the most prevalent childhood complication (12.3%). Conclusion. Women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI who gained more weight during pregnancy were at higher risk of having macrosomic infants.
MENELUSURI SUMBER ARKEOLOGI DALAM HISTORIOGRAFI SEJARAH ISLAMISASI DI WILAYAH MADIUN ABAD XIV-XVII
Authors: Akhlis Syamsal Qomar  , Muchlis Daroini  , A’yun Efrida Qurotul
Published: August 2024

Salah satu episode penting dalam perjalanan sejarah Madiun adalah masa penyebaran Islam. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai beberapa tinggalan arkeologis di wilayah Madiun yang mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh dan persebaran Islam di wilayah tersebut serta bersifat eksploratif, yaitu menjajagi potensi arkeologi yang terdapat di suatu tempat untuk mengetahui sesuatu yang belum diungkap. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara survei tinggalan-tinggalan yang bercorak Islam, peneliti memfokuskan pada tipologi nisan. Objek tinggalan kemudian didata dan dianalisis berdasarkan jenis temuan dan kesejarahannya. Hasil temuan penelitian berupa nisan di salah satu punden di Desa Palur Kecamatan Kebonsari Kabupaten Madiun mengindikasikan bahwa periode awal Islam masuk Madiun tepatnya pada abad XIV dengan tipe nisan Demak-Troloyo. Temuan nisan di Palur yang bertahun 1380 M meruntuhkan pendapat dan temuan beberapa peneliti sebelumnya terkait awal periode Islam di Madiun yang sejauh ini diamini baru masuk pada abad XVI
Pandangan Quraish Shihab Terhadap Akhlak Guru Dalam Pemebentukan Karakter Murid (Telaah Kitab Tafsir Al-Misbah Karya Quraish Shihab)
Authors: Naza Alfiatun , Kalsum Umi
Published: August 2024

Guru dalam pendidikan Islam mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting karena merupakan figur utama yang mempunyai pengaruh dalam proses pembentukan karakter murid. Namun, beberapa guru yang seharusnya digugu dan ditiru dari beberapa kasus sekarang ini banyak guru yang kurang berkompeten dan hanya mengandalkan selembar ijazah kebanggaannya. Sedikit yang menyadari akan tujuannya mengajar dan mendidik seorang murid, sehingga banyak yang menyeleweng dari ketentuan menjadi seorang guru yang seharusnya menjadi panutan dan teladan bagi muridnya. Maka dari itu, penulis perlu meneliti hal ini lebih lanjut yang merujuk kepada pemikiran Quraish Shihab yang merupakan seorang mufassir kontemporer yang menjelaskan nilai-nilai Al-Quran sejalan dengan perkembangan masyarakat yang sekarang ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitiannya library ressearch yaitu usaha untuk memperoleh data dalam kepustakaan. Dengan mengkaji buku-buku karya Quraish Shihab. Analisis datanya menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analisis yang sumber-sumbernya didata, dikumpulkan, dianalisis dan kemudian diinterpretasikan secara kritis sebelum dituangkan dan diimplementasikan dalam sebuah gagasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) M. Quraish Shihab mengkategorisasikan peran guru dalam membentuk karakter murid di antaranya, sebagai pengajar, sebagai sebagai mediator dan fasilitatator, serta sebagai evaluasi atau penilai hasil. Selain itu guru mempunyai beberapa istilah: mu’allim, murabbi>y, mu’addib, murshid, dan mudarris. (2) Penafsiran Quraish Shihab tentang ayat-ayat guru dalam membentuk karakter murid di antarnya Berdasarkan pada Q.S.2:31-32 guru harus mengajarkan ilmu yang dimilikinya, Q.S.3:79 guru sebagai pelindung, Q.S.16:125 memiliki pendekatan atau metode dalam pembelajaran, Q.S.41:34-35 anjuran untuk memiliki sifat sabar, Q.S.55:1-4, guru sebagai mu’allim, dan Q.S.96:1-5 sebagai penuntun dan pemberi arahan.
Kata Kunci: Akhlak Guru, Karakter Murid, Quraish Shihab