bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best Practices for Building a Bimodal/Bilingual Child Language Corpus
Authors: Pichler Deborah Chen , Hochgesang Julie A. , Lillo-Martin Diane , de Quadros Ronice Müller , Reynolds Wanette
Published: May 2016

This article addresses the special challenges associated with collecting longitudinal samples of the spontaneous sign language and spoken language production by young bimodal bilingual children. We discuss the methods used in our study of children in the United States and Brazil. Since one of our goals is to observe both sign language and speech, as well as any language mixing, it is important for us to address issues of language choice and techniques for directing the child participant toward primary use of the target language in each session. Suggestions and guidelines for achieving this in effective yet respectful ways are presented. We are especially dependent on the participation, flexibility, and direction of our participant children’s parents, who work with us to elicit samples that are genuinely representative of their children’s linguistic abilities. We illustrate our procedures for training parents and other interlocutors in data-collection sessions. In return for their generous participation in our research, we address parents’ questions and concerns about language development, especially in bimodal bilingual contexts. We take very seriously the need to negotiate with participants regarding their expectations for the use of the data they provide, and we abide by their wishes in this matter. The strategies presented here improve the quality of the investigations we can conduct by making the experiences of the participant families as pleasant as possible.
The Expression of the Location Event-Structure Metaphor in American Sign Language
Authors: Roush Daniel R.
Published: May 2016

Conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) proposes that there is a large system of conceptual metaphors in our cognition known as event-structure metaphors (ESMs). Through ESMs, we understand the conceptual domains of actions, causes, changes, states, purposes, and so forth in terms of the aspects of the domain of motion in space. ESMs are largely organized under two systems, or branches—the location and object branches. Earlier studies present linguistic evidence that these ESM conceptual systems are expressed in unrelated spoken languages (English, Hungarian, Chinese, and Arabic) thus supporting the claim that ESMs are universal. In this article, I explore the question of whether the location branch of event-structure metaphors (location ESM) is exhibited in American Sign Language (ASL). The article begins with a brief review of the conceptual metaphor theory and its application to signed languages. This is followed by a summary of the location ESM and references to studies that support its cross-linguistic universality. A description of data and methods used in this investigation is given. I then define each of the eleven submappings of the location ESM system. For each respective submapping, I reference English examples from the CMT literature. I then analyze evidence selected from ASL corpora suggesting that each of the submappings in the location ESM system is exhibited in ASL. This study is the first systematic investigation in a signed language that supports the claim of universality of each main submapping in the location ESM system.
Notes from the Editors, May 2016
Authors: The Editors -
Published: May 2016

buy this issueA little less than two years ago, in July-August 2014, Monthly Review published a special summer issue under the title Surveillance Capitalism, edited by John Mage.… The lead article by Foster and McChesney was itself entitled "Surveillance Capitalism: Monopoly-Finance Capital, the Military-Industrial Complex, and the Digital Age." In Foster and McChesney's analysis, the problem of surplus absorption under monopoly capital was seen as having led to the development over the last seven decades of a massive surveillance network, extending across the sales effort, finance, and the military, and integral to the entire information economy.… We were therefore pleased to discover that the concept of "surveillance capitalism" has now entered the mainstream and is drawing considerable attention, through the work of Shoshana Zuboff, emeritus professor at the Harvard Business School.… " She failed, however, to mention the prior treatment of "surveillance capitalism" in Monthly Review, despite the fact that her analysis was written in November 2014—judging by her accessing of numerous articles on the Internet on that date—four months after the MR issue was published and posted online.…Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Nature
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: May 2016

This article is adapted from John Bellamy Foster, "Nature," in Kelly Fritsch, Clare O'Connor, and AK Thompson, ed., Keywords for Radicals: The Contested Vocabulary of Late-Capitalist Struggle (Chico, CA: AK Press, 2016), 279-86, http://akpress.org/keywords-for-radicals.html."Nature," wrote Raymond Williams in Keywords, "is perhaps the most complex word in the language." It is derived from the Latin natura, as exemplified by Lucretius's great didactic poem De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things) from the first century BCE. The word "nature" has three primary, interrelated meanings: (1) the intrinsic properties or essence of things or processes; (2) an inherent force that directs or determines the world; and (3) the material world or universe, the object of our sense perceptions—both in its entirety and variously understood as including or excluding God, spirit, mind, human beings, society, history, culture, etc.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Voices, Not Numbers: Towards a Greater Democracy in Education
Authors: Grant Carl A.
Published: May 2016

U.S. educational policy and practice adhere to the old proverb that "children should be seen and not heard."… Arguments for children—often made by children themselves—having voice and taking action on matters that affect their lives are rarely taken seriously.… Nevertheless, protecting children's welfare need not exclude inviting them to speak on education issues. In some countries, such as Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, and the United Kingdom, children's voices and opinions are considered vital…. In the United States, children's voices are not sought out. They are most often the "objects of inquiry,"… [seen]…"as either a window onto universal psychological laws or as indicators of treatment effects. In both cases, the children themselves are simply instruments…vehicles for measuring outcomes."… Black and brown children in particular are made into "objects of inquiry," and are accordingly more watched, restricted, and disciplined.… Further, black and brown children, especially in poor and urban communities, have had their humanity devalued against that of children in whiter, wealthier schools.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Caminhos da Política Nacional de Formação de Professores na Modalidade a Distância
Authors: Sousa Santos Camila Silva , Bernardino de Campos Gilda Helena
Published: May 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar os caminhos percorridos pelas políticas públicas de formação de professores na modalidade a distância, através da rede pública de educação superior, a partir de três seções: a escolha do Estado brasileiro pela modalidade a distância na formação inicial e continuada de professores, apoiando-se em Kingdon (2007) para explicitar a eleição de tal política; a criação da UAB e a formação de professores como sinônimo de democratização do acesso ao ensino superior brasileiro pela rede pública de educação a distância (EaD); e a escolha da Capes para a operacionalização das políticas de formação de professores no país. O trabalho teve como procedimento metodológico a análise documental de leis e decretos que nos levaram a afirmar que as políticas nacionais de formação docente, através da UAB e da Parfor, movimentaram a EaD da periferia para o centro das políticas do MEC e, desde 2009, buscam novos caminhos com a operacionalização pela Nova Capes.Palavras-chave: Políticas de formação de professores; UAB; Nova Capes. Paths of National Teacher Education Policy in Distance Learning Mode AbstractThis paper aims to examine public policies related to teachers formation in distance learning courses in three areas: the Brazilian state choice for undergraduate and continuing education for teachers, based in Kingdon (2007) to explain this selection; the creation of the Brazilian Open University: UAB: and teachers formation as a synonym for democratization of distance learning education; and the election of CAPES to operate these policies. As for methodology, this work has made use of documental analyzes of laws and decrees, and it can be concluded that, through UAB and PARFOR, the national policies for teachers formation have put distance learning education in the centre of the Ministry of Education agenda and since 2009 have been searching for new ways to operate with the New CAPES.Keywords: Public policies related to teachers formation; Brazilian Open University: UAB; New CAPES.
Contribuição do Ensino a Distância em uma Unidade Curricular do Curso de Enfermagem
Authors: Alves Stenio Nunes , Tilelli Cristiane Queixa , Lima Eduardo Henrique de Matos , Soares Luis Fernando
Published: May 2016

A realização de aulas viabilizadas por meio de recursos digitais em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVAs) em cursos presenciais é uma estratégia pertinente diante do atual contexto sociotécnico, que pode contribuir com o processo pedagógico e promover maior aproximação de aluno, professor e tutor. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi estruturar e desenvolver os conteúdos de Biologia Celular, por meio do AVA Moodle, como estratégia pedagógica para os alunos do primeiro período do curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ). Durante um semestre letivo, todos os estudantes do primeiro período tiveram acesso aos conteúdos on-line. As atividades mais acessadas foram os questionários sobre os componentes celulares e a bioquímica celular, seguidas por tarefas com pontuação e a visualização dos demais conteúdos do curso. Assim, diante de um cenário com ampla inserção das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC) nos espaços individuais, sociais e profissionais, as universidades precisam repensar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento de propostas pedagógicas a partir de modelos de aprendizagem híbridos, ou seja, que combinam estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem on-line e presencial, conferindo maior flexibilidade e autonomia aos estudantes.Palavras-chave: Moodle; Enfermagem; Biologia celular.  Contribution of the Distance Education on a Curricular Unit of Nursing Course AbstractThe realization of lectures supported by digital resources in digital learning environments (DLE) in traditional classroom courses is an appropriate strategy given the current technical-social context of the student. DLEs can contribute to the educational process and promote approximation of student, teacher and tutor. The objective of this study was to structure and develop Cell Biology content through the VLE Moodle, as a pedagogical strategy for students of the first period of the Nursing DLE Moodle, as a pedagogical strategy for students in the first contact with the undergraduate nursing course or the Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ). During one semester, all students had access to the online content of the course. The most accessed activities were questionnaires on cell components and biochemistry, followed by scored exercises and visualization of other resources of the course. Faced with a scenario with broad integration of digital information and communication technologies (DICT) in individual, social and professional spaces, universities need to rethink the possibilities of development of education projects based on hybrid learning models, that is, combine teaching strategies, e-learning techiniques and traditional lectures providing greater flexibility and autonomy to students.Keywords: Moodle; Nursing; Cell biology.
Produção de Microvídeos para Dispositivos Móveis na Temática do Código Florestal Brasileiro
Authors: Souza Marcia Izabel Fugisawa , Torres Tércia Zavaglia , Silva João dos Santos Vila , Apolinário Daniel Rodrigo de Freitas
Published: May 2016

Os dispositivos móveis (DM), em especial, o celular e tablet, vêm se constituindo em ferramentas poderosas de transmissão, disseminação e comunicação de conteúdos educacionais a qualquer hora e em qualquer lugar. No entanto, essa realidade requer esforços de pesquisa, sobretudo, no tocante à produção de microconteúdos, particularmente em relação aos fundamentos teóricos, conceituais e metodológicos, concernentes aos aspectos pedagógicos, comunicacionais e de design. Este artigo descreve ação de pesquisa que retrata o processo de produção de microvídeos para DM, dotados de intencionalidade pedagógica para informar, disseminar e comunicar com objetividade novos conceitos e práticas aos proprietários e empreendedores rurais, no que concerne ao Código Florestal recentemente instituído no Brasil. Entende-se que conteúdos de informação na forma de microvídeos para DM, em linguagem comunicacional apropriada e didaticamente trabalhados, podem se tornar recursos educacionais facilitadores da implementação desta legislação, cuja ênfase reside nos cuidados e procedimentos necessários à proteção da vegetação nativa, à conservação e preservação dos recursos naturais. Para a produção dos microvídeos foi adotada uma metodologia desenvolvida junto à Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas para criação de microconteúdos, a qual orienta sobre as restrições e especificidades inerentes aos DM, no tocante a tamanho de tela e tempo de duração, bem como na observância aos aspectos pedagógicos, comunicacionais e semióticos. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram: identificação/seleção de software para edição e produção de vídeos; roteirização de conteúdos; criação de ilustrações (infográfico, desenho, quadros, personagens etc.); e produção e edição de microvídeos, em conformidade com padrões de identidade visual e de design. Na produção dos vídeos foram utilizados os softwares VideoScribe e MovieMaker. Os roteiros procuraram valorizar aspectos da linguagem visual e da percepção humana, numa sequência lógica e dinâmica para favorecer a compreensão e assimilação de informações e conhecimentos. Os microvídeos produzidos foram submetidos à avaliação de usuários, que responderam satisfatoriamente, em especial, aos aspectos da retenção da atenção, compreensão da mensagem, ampliação do conhecimento e motivação para conhecer mais sobre o tema.
Transboundary river basin organizations in Africa: assessing the secretariat
Authors: Saruchera Davison , Lautze Jonathan
Published: May 2016

Secretariats are an increasingly common feature in Africa's transboundary river basin organizations (RBOs). Non-secretariat-based forms of transboundary RBOs nonetheless also exist, and such forms of cooperation have often functioned effectively. These realities drive questions about the rationale and role for secretariats. This paper employs two approaches to compare secretariat-based RBOs vis-à-vis RBOs without secretariats in Africa. First, we compared the degree to which five governance instruments, determined to enable effective transboundary water management, are contained in treaties creating secretariat-based RBOs versus treaties creating non-secretariat-based RBOs. Second, the costs and benefits of six African transboundary RBOs – three with secretariat and three without – were compared based on a survey of regular costs and volume and number of projects. Key findings are that RBOs with secretariats have achieved stronger governance and secured more investment than RBOs without secretariats. Costs associated with operating secretariats appear justified by their benefits. These findings help to lay an improved basis for selecting desired models of RBOs in Africa's transboundary basins.
Impact of Radius Malunion on Wrist Contact Mechanics
Authors: Lalone Emily A. , Grewal Ruby , MacDermid Joy C.
Published: May 2016

The patient was a 15-year-old adolescent girl with a chief complaint of intermittent pain and clicking at her right distal radioulnar joint, after having fractured her forearm 5 months previously. Radiographs of the patient's forearm indicated a midshaft radial deformity. Given the patient's pain and limited range of motion, computed tomography imaging was requested to assess whether the midshaft malunion resulted in distal radioulnar joint instability and to plan the corrective osteotomy.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(5):399. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0406
Metastatic Hip Tumor in a Middle-Aged Woman
Authors: Callan Brad
Published: May 2016

A 44-year-old woman was referred to physical therapy by a podiatrist for “iliotibial band syndrome.” No imaging had been done, and she denied all constitutional symptoms, but reported having breast cancer 5 years earlier. Following an increase in pain, radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, and biopsy confirmed a metastatic breast cancer tumor.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(5):400. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0407
Are Small Effects for Back Pain Interventions Really Surprising?
Authors: Hancock Mark J. , Hill Jonathan C.
Published: May 2016

There is reasonably strong evidence that some physical therapy interventions are effective (compared to minimal or no intervention) for patients with low back pain (LBP); however, the effect sizes are typically small. Many clinicians argue that this evidence is at odds with their daily clinical experience. There are several reasons that likely contribute to small effects in clinical trials of LBP and other musculoskeletal conditions. In this Viewpoint, the authors look at which of these reasons are beyond our control as clinicians and simply need to be acknowledged and understood, and which may provide insights into improving the design of future clinical trials of LBP and ultimately delivering better care to our patients.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(5):317–319. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0604
Radiation-induced brain injury: low-hanging fruit for neuroregeneration
Authors: Burns Terry C. , Awad Ahmed J. , Li Matthew D. , Grant Gerald A.
Published: May 2016

Brain radiation is a fundamental tool in neurooncology to improve local tumor control, but it leads to profound and progressive impairments in cognitive function. Increased attention to quality of life in neurooncology has accelerated efforts to understand and ameliorate radiation-induced cognitive sequelae. Such progress has coincided with a new understanding of the role of CNS progenitor cell populations in normal cognition and in their potential utility for the treatment of neurological diseases. The irradiated brain exhibits a host of biochemical and cellular derangements, including loss of endogenous neurogenesis, demyelination, and ablation of endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. These changes, in combination with a state of chronic neuroinflammation, underlie impairments in memory, attention, executive function, and acquisition of motor and language skills. Animal models of radiation-induced brain injury have demonstrated a robust capacity of both neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to restore cognitive function after brain irradiation, likely through a combination of cell replacement and trophic effects. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells exhibit a remarkable capacity to migrate, integrate, and functionally remyelinate damaged white matter tracts in a variety of preclinical models. The authors here critically address the opportunities and challenges in translating regenerative cell therapies from rodents to humans. Although valiant attempts to translate neuroprotective therapies in recent decades have almost uniformly failed, the authors make the case that harnessing human radiation-induced brain injury as a scientific tool represents a unique opportunity to both successfully translate a neuroregenerative therapy and to acquire tools to facilitate future restorative therapies for human traumatic and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system.
Neuromodulation for restoring memory
Authors: Bick Sarah K. B. , Eskandar Emad N.
Published: May 2016

Disorders of learning and memory have a large social and economic impact in today's society. Unfortunately, existing medical treatments have shown limited clinical efficacy or potential for modification of the disease course. Deep brain stimulation is a successful treatment for movement disorders and has shown promise in a variety of other diseases including psychiatric disorders. The authors review the potential of neuromodulation for the treatment of disorders of learning and memory. They briefly discuss learning circuitry and its involvement in Alzheimer disease and traumatic brain injury. They then review the literature supporting various targets for neuromodulation to improve memory in animals and humans. Multiple targets including entorhinal cortex, fornix, nucleus basalis of Meynert, basal ganglia, and pedunculopontine nucleus have shown a promising potential for improving dysfunctional memory by mechanisms such as altering firing patterns in neuronal networks underlying memory and increasing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Significant work remains to be done to translate these findings into durable clinical therapies.
New MAX Phase Compound Mo2TiAlC2: First-principles Study
Authors: Ali M. S. , Rayhan M. A. , Ali M. A. , Parvin R. , Islam A. K. M. A.
Published: May 2016

A theoretical study of the Mo2TiAlC2 compound belonging to the MAX phases has been performed by using the first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We have calculated the structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of Mo2TiAlC2. To confirm mechanical stability, the elastic constants Cij are calculated. Other elastic parameters such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, compressibility, Young modulus, anisotropic factor, Pugh ratio, Poissons ratio are also calculated. The energy band structure and density of states are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the electrical conductivity is metallic with a high density of states at the Fermi level in which Mo 4d states dominate. Furthermore, the optical properties such as dielectric function, refractive index, photoconductivity, absorption coefficients, loss function and reflectivity are also calculated. Its reflectance spectrum shows that it has the potential to be used as a promising shielding material to avoid solar heating.
Palynological Zonations and Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of Sediments in Benin West-1, Anambra Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Odedede O. , Ogala J. E. , Ugbe F. C.
Published: May 2016

Palynoflora analyses from Benin west -1, Anambra Basin has unfold three palynozones based on abundance, composition of palynoflora and cluster analysis. Palynozone-1 has been dated as Late Maastrichtian age and belong to the lowermost Imo Shale, palynozone-2; Middle Eocene and palynozone -3  is  dated Lutetian to Bartonian age. Sediments between   depth intervals of 2649-2560 m is marked a sequence boundary, 1650-2560 m, and 970-1190 m is delineated as high stand system tract. Shaly intervals from the depth of 1644 m, and 1234 m recorded  acme of palynoflora (Zonocostites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, Verrucatosporites spinosus, Botryococcus braunii) and probably fingerprints a condensed section. The condensed section intervals (1644 m and 1234 m) may depict   good source rock and exploration targets.
Simulation of the Structure and Track of the Tropical Cyclone Sidr using Numerical Models
Authors: Akhter M. A. E. , Alam M. M. , Mallik M. A. K.
Published: May 2016

Tropical cyclone (TC), one of the most devastating and deadly weather phenomena,is a result of organized intense convective activities over warm tropical oceans. In the recent years, mesoscale models are extensively used for simulation of genesis, intensification and movement of tropical cyclones. During 09-16 November, 2007, a severe cyclonic storm named, Sidr was active in the Bay of Bengal part of the Indian Ocean. At 16 UTC on 15 November 2007, the system crossed Bangladesh coast near at long. 89.8 °E. In the present study, two state-of-the-art mesoscale models, MM5 and WRF, have been used to simulate the structure and track of TC Sidr. Horizontal resolution of 90 km and 30 km respectively for mother and nested domain were used in both the models. Various meteorological fields viz. central pressure, winds, vorticity, temperature anomaly etc. obtained from the simulations are verified against those observed to test their performance. The simulated tracks are also compared with those obtained from JTWC. The results indicate that MM5 model has better forecast skill in terms of intensity prediction but WRF model has better forecast skill in terms of track prediction of the cyclonic storm.
Unsteady MHD Flow of a Dusty Visco-elastic Fluid between Parallel Plates with Exponentially Decaying Pressure Gradient in an Inclined Magnetic Field
Authors: Kuiry D. R. , Bahadur S.
Published: May 2016

The present paper deals with the unsteady laminar flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting dusty visco-elastic fluid between two parallel stationary plates. The flow is caused by an exponentially decaying pressure gradient .A uniform magnetic field is applied on the lower plate at different inclinations. We observe that the motions of the fluid and dust particles are affected by the variation of some significant physical parameters of the visco-elastic fluid. Mass concentration number, time-relaxation parameter, visco-elastic parameter, intensity of the applied magnetic field and time are some of indispensable physical parameters of fluid flow. The governing equations of motion have been solved by analytical method and the results have been discussed with the help of graphs. The velocity is observed to be symmetrical with the centre of the channel of fluid flow as well as of dust particles. The velocity of the fluid particles and that of the dust particles go on decreasing with an increase in the values of mass concentration number, magnetic field intensity, visco-elastic parameter and time whereas the velocity profiles of fluid and dust particles are observed to be increasing with an increase in the time- relaxation parameter.
Investigation on Spectroscopic, Thermal and Antimicrobial Activity of Newly Synthesized Binuclear Cr(III) Metal Ion Complex
Authors: Islam M. R. , Shampa J. A. , Kudrat-E-Zahan M. , Haque M. M. , Reza Y
Published: May 2016

Binuclear Cr(III) metal ion complex was synthesized using diphenylacetic acid as primary ligand and 2-methyl pyridine (2-picoline) as secondary ligand. The synthesized complex was characterized by conductivity, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, magnetic moment and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR spectra indicated the coordination of deprotonated diphenylacetic acid and 2-picoline through nitrogen and oxygen. The presence of water molecules inside the coordination sphere of the complex was confirmed from IR spectrum and TGA analysis. Binuclear and octahedral structure of the Cr(III) complex confirmed by TGA, UV-Vis spectroscopy and magnetic moment measurement. The complex showed moderate antibacterial activity with no antifungal activity.
Associations of the Levels of C4d-bearing Reticulocytes and High-avidity Anti-dsDNA Antibodies with Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Mora Claudia , Medina-Rosas Jorge , Santos Ana Maria , Jaimes Diego A. , Arbeláez Ana M. , Romero Consuelo , Cortes Annie , Londono John
Published: May 2016

Objective.

There are no laboratory tools that detect early flares in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was to validate in our population the previous findings of the association of C4d-bearing reticulocytes (R-C4d) compared to anti-dsDNA antibodies, with disease activity assessed by the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment–Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) and the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004 scales.

Methods.

All patients who met the 1987 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and were seen consecutively in 2013 at a specialized SLE care clinic were included. Disease activity was established by the SELENA-SLEDAI and BILAG 2004. Anti-dsDNA and R-C4d were quantified in peripheral blood. Comparisons were made between values of active and inactive patients, and the correlations between the SELENA-SLEDAI and serum levels of anti-dsDNA and R-C4d were measured.

Results.

Sixty-two patients (83.9% women) were included. A total of 32.3% had active disease according to the SELENA-SLEDAI. There was a significant statistical difference (p = 0.0001) in the distribution of R-C4d between disease activity groups. The correlation coefficient between R-C4d and the SELENA-SLEDAI score was rs = 0.738 (p = 0.0001). R-C4d differed between patients with and without activity in the BILAG 2004 constitutional, mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal, renal, and hematological domains.

Conclusion.

R-C4d showed a higher correlation with SLE activity measured by the SELENA-SLEDAI and BILAG 2004 than anti-dsDNA did, suggesting a possible involvement in diagnosing disease activity. Prospective studies that confirm these findings and evaluate its involvement in followup are needed.
Disparities in Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment for Youth with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Analysis of a National US Medicaid Sample
Authors: Knight Andrea M. , Xie Ming , Mandell David S.
Published: May 2016

Objective.

To estimate the national prevalence and racial/ethnic differences in psychiatric diagnoses and pharmacologic treatment in a US Medicaid beneficiary population of youth with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods.

We included youth aged 10 to 18 years with a diagnosis of SLE (defined as ≥ 3 outpatient visit claims with an International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed. code of 710.0, each > 30 days apart) in the US Medicaid Analytic Extract database from 2006 and 2007. This database contains all inpatient and outpatient Medicaid claims from 49 states and the District of Columbia. We calculated the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and treatment, and used logistic regression to compare depression and anxiety diagnoses, antidepressant, and anxiolytic use among racial/ethnic groups.

Results.

Of 970 youth with SLE, 15% were white, 42% were African American, 27% were Latino, and 16% were of other races/ethnicities. Diagnoses of depression were present for 19%, anxiety for 7%, acute stress/adjustment for 6%, and other psychiatric disorders for 18%. Twenty percent were prescribed antidepressants, 7% were prescribed anxiolytics, 6% were prescribed antipsychotics, and 5% were prescribed stimulants. In adjusted analyses, African Americans were less likely than whites to be diagnosed with depression (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.90) or anxiety (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.98), or to be prescribed anxiolytics (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11–0.48).

Conclusion.

We present population-level estimates showing high psychiatric morbidity in youth with SLE, but less prevalent diagnosis and treatment in African Americans. Mental health interventions should address potential racial/ethnic disparities in care.
Effect of Autoantibodies to Erythropoietin Receptor in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Biopsy-proven Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Hara Akinori , Furuichi Kengo , Yamahana Junya , Yasuda Haruka , Iwata Yasunori , Sakai Norihiko , Shimizu Miho , Kaneko Shuichi , Wada Takashi
Published: May 2016

Objective.

We examined the clinical significance of autoantibodies to the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods.

Forty-six Japanese patients with SLE with LN who had undergone renal biopsy during 1993–2014 were enrolled in this study and followed for a mean of 83 months. Sera from those patients were screened for anti-EPOR antibodies using ELISA.

Results.

Anti-EPOR antibodies were detected in 18 (39%) of the 46 patients with SLE with anemia. Anti-EPOR antibodies were associated with low hemoglobin concentrations and reticulocytopenia. In addition, anti-EPOR antibodies were positively correlated with SLE disease activity, even though serum levels of the complement factors 3 and 4 did not differ between the 2 groups. In patients with International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society 2003 class IV LN, anti-EPOR antibodies were associated with active lesions including cellular crescents in glomeruli. Decrease in renal function was more frequently observed in patients without complete or partial renal response than in patients with it, and serum levels of the antibodies as well as renal response to treatment were significant risk factors for progression of renal dysfunction.

Conclusion.

The present study suggests that anti-EPOR antibodies might be involved in overall disease activity and active renal lesions, as well as in the impaired erythropoiesis in patients with SLE with LN. Further, the levels of anti-EPOR antibodies may be an additional predictor for renal injury.
Prologue: 2015 Annual Meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA)
Authors: Boehncke Wolf-Henning , Gladman Dafna D. , Helliwell Philip S.
Published: May 2016

The 2015 Annual Meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) was held in Stockholm, Sweden, and attended by rheumatologists, dermatologists, and representatives of biopharmaceutical companies and patient groups. In this prologue, we introduce the articles that summarize that meeting. As in previous years, GRAPPA members held a Trainees Symposium, providing an opportunity for trainees to discuss their research in psoriatic disease with experts in the field. Two dermatology sessions were held: an update on the International Dermatology Outcome Measures group; and a description of a new tool, the Comprehensive Assessment of the Psoriasis Patient, to more accurately assess the full burden of plaque psoriasis and its subtypes. Four distinct plenary sessions were held to update members on the status of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) initiative. GRAPPA’s patient research partners discussed their 2 years of involvement in GRAPPA activities and were active in several sessions before and during the 2015 annual meeting. New work was presented toward developing a patient-reported instrument to measure flare in psoriatic disease, and the status of GRAPPA’s multiple research and continuing education programs in psoriasis and PsA was summarized. Finally, a Presidential Round Table was held in which the past, current, and incoming presidents reflected on GRAPPA’s history and provided insights about its future.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Psoriasis Patient (CAPP): A Report from the GRAPPA 2015 Annual Meeting
Authors: Paek So Yeon , Thompson Jordan M. , Qureshi Abrar A. , Merola Joseph F. , Husni M. Elaine
Published: May 2016

Outcome measures for psoriasis severity are complex because of the heterogeneous presentation of the disease. At the 2015 annual meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA), members introduced the Comprehensive Assessment of the Psoriasis Patient (CAPP), a novel disease severity measure to more accurately assess the full burden of plaque psoriasis and subtypes, including inverse, scalp, nail, palmoplantar, and genital psoriasis. The CAPP is based on a 5-point physician’s global assessment for 7 psoriasis phenotypes and incorporates visual analog scale–based, patient-derived, patient-reported outcomes. By quantifying disease effects of plaque psoriasis, 6 other psoriasis subtypes, as well as quality of life and daily function, the CAPP survey identifies a subset of psoriasis patients with moderate to severe psoriasis that would not be considered moderate to severe when assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. The current version of CAPP is focused entirely on psoriasis. Feedback from our industry colleagues and collaborators has suggested that a psoriatic arthritis (PsA) measure may be important to include in the CAPP. At the 2015 GRAPPA meeting, we administered a survey to 106 GRAPPA members to determine whether a PsA measure should be included. A majority (74%) of respondents across all professions agreed that the CAPP should include a measure of PsA. Although responses varied widely on how PsA should be measured, a majority of the respondents reported that presence of PsA in both peripheral and axial joint assessment was important.
Report of the GRAPPA-OMERACT Psoriatic Arthritis Working Group from the GRAPPA 2015 Annual Meeting
Authors: Orbai Ana-Maria , Mease Philip J. , de Wit Maarten , Kalyoncu Umut , Campbell Willemina , Tillett William , Eder Lihi , Elmamoun Musaab , FitzGerald Oliver , Gladman Dafna D. , Goel Niti , Gossec Laure , Lindsay Chris A. , Steinkoenig Ingrid , Helliwell Philip S. , McHugh Neil J. , Strand Vibeke , Ogdie Alexis
Published: May 2016

The GRAPPA-OMERACT psoriatic arthritis (PsA) working group is in the process of updating the PsA core domain set to improve and standardize the measurement of PsA outcomes. Work streams comprise literature reviews of domains and outcome measurement instruments, an international qualitative research project with PsA patients to generate domains important to patients, outcome measurement instrument assessment, conduct of domain consensus panels with patients and physicians, and evidence-based selection of instruments. Patient research partners are involved in each of the projects. The working group will present findings and seek endorsement for the new PsA core domain set, outcome measurement set, and research agenda at the OMERACT meeting in May 2016.
Let’s Talk about Inclusion: A Report on Patient Research Partner Involvement in the GRAPPA 2015 Annual Meeting
Authors: de Wit Maarten , Campbell Willemina , Coates Laura C. , Gladman Dafna D. , James Jana , Lindsay Chris A. , MacDonald Roland , Moverley Anna R. , Ogdie Alexis , Orbai Ana-Maria , O’Sullivan Denis , Parkinson Andrew , Steinkoenig Ingrid , Tillett William , Goel Niti
Published: May 2016

Members of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) have worked since 2012 to include the patient perspective in their psoriatic arthritis (PsA) research as well as in their annual meetings. Herein, patient research partners (PRP) report the progress made in their experience at these GRAPPA meetings and discuss their perception of the challenges that remain in ensuring that patients have a voice in PsA outcome research.
From Fear to Avoidance: Factors Associated with the Onset of Avoidance in People who Fear Social Situations
Authors: Sunderland Matthew , Crome Erica , Stapinski Lexine , Baillie Andrew J , Rapee Ronald M
Published: May 2016

Avoidance of social situations is a key factor in the maintenance of social anxiety disorder, with overt avoidance an important clinical indicator. This paper examines predictors of the transition from the initial experience of social fears to the development of overt avoidance behaviours. Using the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, age, gender, DSM-IV diagnoses of other mental disorders and substance use were examined in discrete time survival models (n = 1,359). A majority of the sample reported overt avoidance within a year of initial social fears. Predictors of faster transitions to overt avoidance included fear of attending parties, entering a room or an older onset age. Predictors of slower transitions to overt avoidance included public performance fears and regular alcohol use. This study provides initial support for factors that may influence the transition from initial fear to overt avoidance in social anxiety disorder.
A Historical Perspective of the Maasai - African Wild Dog Conflict in the Serengeti Ecosystem
Authors: Lyamuya Richard D , Masenga Emmanuel H , Fyumagwa Robert D , Mwita Machoke N , Jackson Craig R , Roskaft Eivin
Published: May 2016

This study discusses the conflict between Maasai pastoralists and African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) over livestock before and after the Maasai were evicted from the Serengeti National Park (SNP) in 1959. We surveyed 181 randomly selected households from six villages in the eastern Serengeti ecosystem. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to acquire the required information from the respondents. We found that males had a greater awareness of local wild dog presence and livestock-derived conflict than females, and reported more frequently to have chased and killed wild dogs that attacked their livestock. Moreover, the conflict existed before 1959, decreased during the 1990s, but increased from 2000 onwards. This increase is attributed to the growth in human, livestock and wild dog populations in the area. This study recommends that to foster their coexistence, the continued escalation in livestock numbers needs to cease while simultaneously protecting the region’s wild prey populations.
MicroRNA‐140‐5p impairs zebrafish embryonic bone development via targeting BMP‐2
Authors: Gan Shiquan , Huang Zhaoqin , Liu Ning , Su Renxiang , Xie Guie , Zhong Beibei , Zhang Kai , Wang Shang , Hu Xiang , Zhang Jian , Xiang Shuanglin
Published: May 2016

MicroRNA‐140‐5p (miRNA‐140‐5p) is important for embryonic bone development. In this study, we found that miRNA‐140‐5p and its binding site in the 3′UTR of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) are highly conserved among vertebrates, and miRNA‐140‐5p negatively regulates both zebrafish and human BMP‐2 genes. Microinjection of miRNA‐140‐5p or BMP‐2b morpholino into zebrafish embryos led to a similar phenotype, including shortened tails, curved trunks, and defects in cranial cartilage. Moreover, miRNA‐140‐5p injection induced zebrafish embryo malformation that could be significantly rescued by microinjection of BMP‐2 mRNA. In conclusion, our results indicated that miRNA‐140‐5p regulates zebrafish embryonic bone development via targeting BMP‐2.
Subcellular modulation of protein VlsE stability and folding kinetics
Authors: Tai Jonathan , Dave Kapil , Hahn Vincent , Guzman Irisbel , Gruebele Martin
Published: May 2016

The interior of a cell interacts differently with proteins than a dilute buffer because of a wide variety of macromolecules, chaperones, and osmolytes that crowd and interact with polypeptide chains. We compare folding of fluorescent constructs of protein VlsE among three environments inside cells. The nucleus increases the stability of VlsE relative to the cytoplasm, but slows down folding kinetics. VlsE is also more stable in the endoplasmic reticulum, but unlike PGK, tends to aggregate there. Although fluorescent‐tagged VlsE and PGK show opposite stability trends from in vitro to the cytoplasm, their trends from cytoplasm to nucleus are similar.
Site‐specific cleavage of acetoacetyl‐CoA synthetase by legumain
Authors: Hasegawa Shinya , Inoue Daiki , Yamasaki Masahiro , Li Chuan , Imai Masahiko , Takahashi Noriko , Fukui Tetsuya
Published: May 2016

Acetoacetyl‐CoA synthetase (AACS) is a ketone body‐utilizing enzyme and is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. We have previously shown that AACS is cleaved by legumain, a lysosomal asparaginyl endopeptidase. In this study, we attempted to determine the cleavage site of AACS. Mutagenesis analysis of AACS revealed that Asn547 is the specific cleavage site of AACS in mouse livers. The cleaved form of AACS (1–547) lost the ability to convert acetoacetate to acetoacetyl‐CoA. Moreover, hydrodynamics‐based gene transduction showed that overexpression of AACS (1–547) increases the protein expression of caveolin‐1, the principal component of the caveolae. These results suggest that cleavage of AACS by legumain is critical for the regulation of enzymatic activity and results in gain‐of‐function changes.
Heavy silicon isotopic composition of silicic acid and biogenic silica in Arctic waters over the Beaufort shelf and the Canada Basin
Authors: Varela D. E. , Brzezinski M. A. , Beucher C. P. , Jones J. L. , Giesbrecht K. E. , Lansard B. , Mucci A.
Published: May 2016

The silicon isotopic composition of silicic acid (δ30Si(OH)4) and biogenic silica (δ30Si‐bSiO2) were measured for the first time in marine Arctic waters from the Mackenzie River delta to the deep Canada Basin in the late summer of 2009. In the upper 100 m of the water column, δ30Si(OH)4 signals (+1.82‰ to +3.08‰) were negatively correlated with the relative contribution of Mackenzie River water. The biogenic Si isotope fractionation factor estimated using an open system model, 30ε = −0.97 ± 0.17‰, agrees well with laboratory and global‐ocean estimates. Nevertheless, the δ30Si dynamics of this region may be better represented by closed system isotope models that yield lower values of 30ε, between −0.33‰ and −0.41‰, depending on how the contribution of sea‐ice diatoms is incorporated. In the upper 400 m, δ30Si‐bSiO2 values were among the heaviest ever measured in marine suspended bSiO2 (+2.03‰ to +3.51‰). A positive correlation between δ30Si‐bSiO2 and sea‐ice cover implies that heavy signals can result from isotopically heavy sea‐ice diatoms introduced to pelagic assemblages. Below the surface bSiO2 production zone, the δ30Si(OH)4 distribution followed that of major water masses. Vertical δ30Si(OH)4 profiles showed a minimum (average of +1.84 ± 0.10‰) in the upper halocline (125–200 m) composed of modified Pacific water and heavier average values (+2.04 ± 0.11‰) in Atlantic water (300–500 m deep). In the Canada Basin Deep Water (below 2000 m), δ30Si(OH)4 averaged +1.88 ± 0.12‰, which represents the most positive value ever measured anywhere in the deep ocean. Since most Si(OH)4 enters the Arctic from shallow depths in the Atlantic Ocean, heavy deep Arctic δ30Si(OH)4 signals likely reflect the influx of relatively heavy intermediate Atlantic waters. A box model simulation of the global marine δ30Si(OH)4 distribution successfully reproduced the observed patterns, with the δ30Si(OH)4 of the simulated deep Arctic Ocean being the heaviest of all deep‐ocean basins.
Intrusion dynamics of particle plumes in stratified water with weak crossflow: Application to deep ocean blowouts
Authors: Wang Dayang , Adams E. Eric
Published: May 2016

We present an experimental study of particle plumes in ambient stratification and a mild current. In an inverted framework, the results describe the fate of oil droplets released from a deep ocean blowout. A continuous stream of dense glass beads was released from a carriage towed in a salt‐stratified tank. Nondimensional particle slip velocity UN ranged from 0.1 to 1.9, and particles with UN ≤ 0.5 were observed to enter the intrusion layer. The spatial distributions of beads, collected on a bottom sled towed with the source, present a Gaussian distribution in the transverse direction and a skewed distribution in the along‐current direction. Dimensions of the distributions increase with decreasing UN. The spreading relations can be used as input to far‐field models describing subsequent transport of particles or, in an inverted framework, oil droplets. The average particle settling velocity, Uave, was found to exceed the individual particle slip velocity, Us, which is attributed to the initial plume velocity near the point of release. Additionally, smaller particles exhibit a “group” or “secondary plume” effect as they exit the intrusion as a swarm. The secondary effect becomes more prominent as UN decreases, and might help explain observations from the 2000 Deep Spill field experiment where oil was found to surface more rapidly than predicted based on Us. An analytical model predicting the particle deposition patterns was validated against experimental measurements, and used to estimate near‐field oil transport under the Deepwater Horizon spill conditions, with/without chemical dispersants.