bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wood Mountain Walkand the Possibilities of Decolonization through Relationships with People and Land in Solo Walking Performance
Authors: Wilson Ken
Published: April 2020

In August 2018, Ken Wilson completed Wood Mountain Walk, the first in a series of walking performances he intends to conduct—some solo, some with other people—in Treaty 4 territory in southern Saskatchewan over the next two years. “ Wood Mountain Walk and the Possibilities of Decolonization through Relationships with People and Land in Solo Walking Performance” examines the possibility that walking performance could open possibilities for decolonization by helping settlers begin developing non-extractive relationships with the land.
THE PIPELINE PROJECT
Authors: Loring Kevin , Sparrow Quelemia , Archibald Sebastien
Published: April 2020

A provocative and personal account of the ongoing cultural battles over pipelines in BC. Three actor writers—two Indigenous and one white—come together to create a play about the political conflicts surrounding Canada’s oil industry. This project sends each of them on a journey of self-reflection and discovery. They confront prejudices while wrestling with their own fossil fuel dependency, cultural heritage, and first world privilege.
Soundings: An Exhibition in Five Acts and the Ka’tarohkwi Festival as Participatory Calls for Decolonization
Authors: Jacobson Kelsey
Published: April 2020

Kelsey Jacobson describes her experience as a spectator at the Ka’tarohkwi Festival of Indigenous Arts and the Soundings exhibition, both held at Queen’s University in March 2019. Reflecting on her own settler positionality, Jacobson considers how the performances and exhibitions employed defamiliarization, immersion, and participation to challenge audience members to consider what decolonization means to them, in the specific context of the traditional lands of the Haudenosaunee and the Anishinaabe.
Factores de riesgo y prevención de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico
Authors: Rodríguez Nájera Geovanna Fabiola , Camacho Barquero Fabián Alberto , Umaña Bermúdez Carlos Andrés
Published: April 2020

Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico son las infecciones más frecuentes en los pacientes operados. Las infecciones de sitio quirúrgico aumentan la morbimortalidad de los pacientes y los costos de atención. Su génesis es un proceso complejo en el que los factores ambientales del huésped, de la sala de operaciones, de la propia cirugía y de los microorganismos involucrados interactúan de tal forma que permiten su desarrollo. Algunos factores de riesgo que predisponen una infección de sitio quirúrgico son: las enfermedades crónicas concomitantes, envejecimiento, fumado, uso crónico de esteroides, malnutrición. La profilaxis antimicrobiana perioperatoria adecuada, la normotermia, la preparación adecuada de la piel y una buena técnica quirúrgica constituyen, entre otras medidas de prevención esenciales.
Neuropatía periférica diabética en el Ambulatorio Urbano Tipo II Dr. Gualdrón de Barquisimeto, Venezuela
Authors: Agobian Georges , Traviezo Valles Luis Eduardo
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La neuropatía periférica diabética fue caracterizada en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, del Ambulatorio Urbano Tipo II Dr. Gualdrón de Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Método: Estudio descriptivo observacional, la muestra fue no probabilística, accidental, conformada por los primeros 60 pacientes que otorgaron su consentimiento informado, se aplicó The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Resultados: Se detectó neuropatía periférica diabética en el 60% de los pacientes, de estos el 33,3% mostraba síntomas, 83,3% presentaban alteración en la apariencia de los pies, 11,1% ulceración en los pies, 55,6% reflejos aquilianos reforzados y 19,4% ausencia de los mismo. La percepción vibratoria del Hallux 13,9% estaba reducida y en 47,2% ausente. La sensibilidad al monofilamento en 38,9% estaba reducida y en 19,4% ausente. Asimismo el 78,3% correspondieron al sexo masculino, el 88,9% al grupo ≥ 70 años, el 63,6% señalan 10 o más años como diabéticos y el 63% no tenían adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico. Conclusiones: Se evidencia que la frecuencia de neuropatía periférica diabética es elevada, siendo mayor en hombres y en el grupo ≥ de 70 años, las principales lesiones identificadas fueron anormalidad en el aspecto de los pies y alteraciones de la sensibilidad. Ante  tal  problema  de  salud  es  necesario  establecer  acciones  preventivas  encaminadas  a  evitar el deterioro en la calidad de vida del paciente. Por ello es importante este tipo de valoración para evitar complicaciones.
Professional Traning of Civil Servants (On the Example of the UK, Germany, France and the US)
Authors: Litvinenko Natalia Kimovna
Published: April 2020

The paper presents the experience of professional training of civil servants in developed countries. Master's programs for training civil servants are described. The effective impact of the training plan for civil servants on their professional development is determined.
Caracterização da superfície de absorção do ruminoretíulo e omaso de bubalinos
Authors: Lima RONALDO , Souza Araújo Hilacy , Santos Cabral Icaro , Santos Cursino Wériko , Souza Pantoja Diego
Published: April 2020

The absorption of volatile fatty acids by the reticulorumen and omasum in buffaloes is poorly understood. In order to evaluate the absorption capacity of the proventriculus in buffaloes, five adult animals had their stomachs removed after slaughter, the compartments of the stomachs were dissected, and the rumen, reticulum, and omasum were separated; the rumen was separated into its several bags. Thereafter, these were digitized in a scanner and the images processed using software (UTHSCSA software Image Tool version 3.00) to determine their surface areas. In addition, a fragment of the various rumen sacs was removed to determine the area and the correlation with the total area of the compartments. The ventral sac of the rumen exhibited the largest absorption surface area, not differing from the omasum. There was no difference between the ventral, cranial, blind caudoventral, caudodorsal, and dorsal cavities of the rumen. Thus, our results confirm that the absorptive surface areaof the compartments of the proventriculus can be estimated via a biopsy of the cranial sac of the rumen.
The Wall, the Ban, and the Objectification of Women
Authors: Othman Amani , Darrow William W.
Published: April 2020

Discrimination against women and other vulnerable groups prevailed throughout the twentieth century; it persists today. This historical case study analyzes the life and times of “Typhoid Mary,” an unmarried, Irish Catholic, immigrant woman who was persecuted as an intransigent carrier of a deadly infectious disease. Being a Mexican immigrant, Muslim, or unattractive woman could condemn someone for similar mistreatment today. The failure to overcome prejudice impedes the effectiveness of public health to protect infected patients and susceptible persons from harm and to interrupt disease transmission in communities; it jeopardizes the realization of social quality. Social justice, solidarity, equal valuation, and human dignity will be achieved through resistance to the human rights violations of the Trump administration and the resilience of strong women like Mary Mallon.
The Socio-analytical Approach
Authors: Hepp Rolf-Dieter
Published: April 2020

The debate on precarization in Germany is, on the one hand, based on the French discussion, it is, on the other hand, oriented toward German models of discourse, which leads to different focuses and objectives. Even if in German contexts the poverty situation and unqualified workers are the main topics of discussion, the French debate on precarization with or following Pierre Bourdieu, Robert Castel, and Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello focuses on precarization as a restructuring of labor relations. In this respect, a change of vectors is taking place here, which sets different priorities. Differences in the classifications result from the different “theoretical localizations,” which are investigated based on the German-French understanding of sociology and are concretized in relation to the problem of precarization.
James M. Pitsula. New World Dawning: The Sixties at Regina Campus.
Authors: Johnston Hugh
Published: April 2020

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Female Education in Ireland 1700–1900: Minerva or Madonna.
Authors: Titley E. Brian
Published: April 2020

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The Salaries of Teachers in English Canada, 1900-1940: A Reappraisal
Authors: Gidney R. D. , Millar W. P.J.
Published: April 2020

Any student of Canadian education during the first half of the twentieth century has encountered the belief, common among those engaged in the educational enterprise and sometimes shared by others, that teachers were badly paid for their work. Though not a universal assessment, a similar view has also dominated the historiography. This interpretation, we think, is overdue for revision. In this article we address two central questions. One focuses more narrowly on teachers' salaries per se: how much, on average, did teachers earn, and how did this change over time? The other asks, just how good or bad were their salaries compared to those of other people in the Canadian workforce? We tackle these questions on a Canada-wide basis, excluding only the province of Quebec, and over an extended period, covering the first four decades of the century.

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Parmi les chercheurs et les étudiants intéressés par l’histoire de l’éducation canadienne pour la première moitié du vingtième siècle, un lieu commun persiste, à savoir, que les enseignants étaient très mal payés pour leur travail. Bien que cette assertion ne soit pas partagée par tous, ce point de vue domine dans l’historiographie de cette période. Nous croyons qu’il est temps de repenser cette interprétation. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à deux questions fondamentales. La première porte spécifiquement sur la rémunération des enseignants: combien gagnaient-ils en moyenne et comment leurs salaires ont-ils évolué dans le temps? La deuxième compare les salaires des enseignants à ceux versés aux autres travailleurs canadiens: étaient-ils pires ou meilleurs? Notre étude s’intéresse aux enseignants canadiens, à l’exception de ceux du Québec, et couvre les quatre premières décennies du vingtième siècle.
Industrious, but Formal and Mechanical: The Sisters of Charity of Providence in Residential School Classrooms
Authors: Titley E Brian
Published: April 2020

During the 1940s and 1950s the classrooms at St. Martin's (Wabasca) and St. Bruno's (Joussard) residential schools for First Nations' children in northern Alberta were staffed by the Sisters of Charity of Providence, a religious community that specialized in caring for the sick and elderly. In this essay the effectiveness of the sisters as teachers is examined in the context of a missionary/reformatory model of schooling that was rapidly falling into disfavour. A picture emerges of a hard-working group of women whose lack of education and teacher training hampered their ability to meet the needs of their students.
Interview with Christina Rahme: A Fashion Photographer Based in Beirut
Authors: Nachabe Taan Yasmine
Published: April 2020

Christina Rahme holds an M.A. in photography from Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik (USEK) and is currently teaching photography at LAU. Yasmine Nashabe Taan interviewed her for this issue of alraida.
Is Mary Important for Herself or for Being the Mother of Christ in the Holy Qur’an?
Authors: Abboud Hosn
Published: April 2020

Christian interest in the exalted place of Mary in the Holy Qur’an derives from its resonance with discourse on women issues on the one hand and the centrality of Mary in the great encounter between Islam and Christianity on the other. Discourse on women issues – especially its feminist current – deals with the religious notion of women’s liberation (Ahmad, 1992). It undertakes a re-reading of the central foundational texts (the Bible in its two testaments and the Holy Qur’an), especially those that valorize women and their human, social, and political roles. This feminist discourse criticizes evaluating women only by their relationship to men as wives, to children as mothers and to parents as daughters, that is, by their relationships to the family structure instead of by who they are in themselves.
The Islamic Conception of Women’s Liberation
Authors: Rahman Aisha Abdul
Published: April 2020

I cannot but express thanks and deep gratitude to the Um Derman Islamic University which made this gathering possible. To me, the invitation to this honorable event at the start of its culture season is a tribute to the Arab woman. While lecturing on “The Islamic Conception of Women’s Liberation”, I genuinely hope to add something new to the outcry of earlier advocates of women’s liberation. They were pioneers in calling for an awakening in the darkest of times, for our Arab East to free its daughters from the bondage of ignorance and exclusion so that they can set out to build a free life for this very East, and provide it with human ammunition.
Women’s Marian Devotions in a Melkite Greek Catholic Village in Lebanon Nancy W.
Authors: Jabbra Nancy W.
Published: April 2020

This article will focus on two important devotions, May (which is dedicated to Mary),1 and Corpus Christi (the Body of Christ) (which locally includes substantial devotion to Mary) in a village in Lebanon’s Biqa’ Valley. Both of these devotions came from Western Europe, but the Corpus Christi celebration appears to be exclusive to the Zahleh area where the village is located. Women are deeply involved in both of these devotions, thus creating a spiritual space for themselves in an otherwise patriarchal church.
Salima Ghezali: The Quintessence of Subversive Creativity
Authors: Chered Abdelkader
Published: April 2020

“Salima Ghezali is a subversive woman”. This is how the Algerian regime considers this teacher-turned-journalist, women’s rights activist and novelist, and a winner of a string of human rights awards. In her works of fiction and non-fiction as well as her radio shows, this Francophone writer has questioned the legitimacy of the Algerian postcolonial state and has reacted to the current state of political violence by taking up the pen in order to bear witness to the affliction of the Algerian people. Her ultimate intention is to depict the Algerian civil crisis (1992-1999) to a French-language reading public both at home and abroad, as well as to document, for future generations, the impact of this civil war on women in post-independence Algeria.
No Place Like Home: Domestic Space and Women’s Sense of Self in North African Cinema
Authors: Assa Sonia
Published: April 2020

In his 1987 article on Arab cinema, Férid Boughédir argued that after the wave of political films of the 1970s which denounced a whole range of ills besetting Arab societies – the corruption of the ruling classes, social inequality, the rural exodus, the endurance of pernicious traditions, the condition of women, etc. – the “new” Arab cinema of the 1980s had turned inwards. In order to understand who they were, filmmakers revisited their own childhood. Henceforth their central theme would be the identity and struggles of a male character caught between his own desires and the will of the community, crushed by forces beyond his control. In this inward turn towards the family, repressive forces were invariably represented by a feudal, tyrannical father, while the mother inspired ambivalent emotions: “mother courage” or “mater dolorosa” on the one hand, castrating matriarch on the other.
Confessions of the Mad Wife: A Study of the Role of the Madwoman in Assad Fouladkar’s film Lamma Hikyit Maryam
Authors: Hodeib-Eido Dana
Published: April 2020

She is desperate and bitter, she believes in superstition, she is an outcast gone mad,and above all she is dead: Maryam, the narrator of Assad Fouladkar’s 2001 feature film Lamma Hikyit Maryam, is yet the only source of information available to theviewers. From her small empty room in the clinic where she has been kept and where she is receiving her psychiatric treatment, Maryam breaks her silence to tell the story of her failing marriage and her gradual breakdown, which eventually lead to her death. Using the Lebanese local dialect as its main language, Lamma Hikyit Maryam or When Maryam Spoke Out tells the story of the struggle and suffering of Maryam, a young woman who is rejected by her beloved husband and condemned by the rest of her society only because she is infertile.
Women and Media in the Middle East: Power through Self-Expression
Authors: Wilson-Goldie Kaelen
Published: April 2020

Four public service announcements promoting literacy in the rural Egyptian village of Kafr Masoud; eight women’s magazines published between the Constitutional Revolution and the Pahlavi era in Iran; ten Egyptian melodramas constructing the woman-as-nation metaphor between the Arab-Israeli conflict and the politics of Islamic fundamentalism; the struggle for women’s right to vote in Kuwait between liberal and religious newspapers; seven Lebanese journalists in conversation about their craft. In eleven chapters, Women and Media in the Middle East: Power through Self-Expression spans a region stretching from Morocco to Iran and material including feature films, government-sponsored television spots, newspapers, internet penetration, non-governmental organizations, documentaries produced by media institutes and the television industry.
The “New Woman” of the Interwar Period: Performance, Identity, and Performative Act of Everyday Life in Egypt and Iran
Authors: Hagghani Fakhri
Published: April 2020

This article is about visual culture, identity, and women in interwar Egypt and Iran. I use a transnational feminist approach to connect the histories of Egypt and Iran, in their differences and commonalities, during the interwar period. By emphasizing women’s education as the source of advancement of the society, the late nineteenth century Egyptian thinkers, Qasim Amin and Mohammad Abduh, and Iranian intellectuals Jamal al-Din Asadabadi (al-Afghani), Abdolhossein Khan Kermani, and Yusef Ashtiyani, invoked a male representation of a “feminist” discourse. During the 1906-1911 Iranian Constitutional Revolution and the 1919 Egyptian anti-British Revolution, the discourse of education was translated into women’s first quest for legal and political rights. National modernization policies, as diverse as they were in each country, translated the “woman question,” both as a discursive and a practice, into the question of women’s appearance in public.
Finding ‘a now’ to Inhabit: Between the Performative in life and Professional Practice
Authors: Issa Lina
Published: April 2020

In Italo Calvino’s (1874) Invisible Cities, the emperor Kublai Khan asked his guest, the traveller Marco Polo, whether his understanding of himself, of the world, and of his place within it is inevitably predicated on his own history. Polo replied that “the more he was lost in unfamiliar quarters of distant cities, the more he understood the other cities he had crossed to arrive at” (Tan, 1999). Kublai Khan interrupted him with the question: “You advance always with your head turned back? Is what you see always behind you? Does your journey take place only in the past?” (Tan, 1999). Polo replied that what he sought was always lying ahead of him, even if it was a matter of the past. Arriving at each new city, the traveler again finds a past that he did not know he had. The foreignness of what he no longer is or no longer possesses waits for him in foreign places.
Obituary: Farewell Rita
Authors: Hourani Guita
Published: April 2020

Dr. Rita G. Sabat, Assistant Professor of International Affairs at the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Notre Dame University (NDU)- Louaizé, Lebanon passed away peacefully on December 29, 2013, after a long battle with breast cancer. Dr. Sabat is survived by her daughter Samira Haymen, her husband Jad Fadel-Hassan, her father George, her mother Yolande Saber, her brothers Toni and Gilbert, and their families.
Lebanese Women Demand Parliamentary Quota - September 23, 2008
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: April 2020

As a gender expert/consultant, Dr. Dabbous-Sensenig was invited by MP Gilberte Zouein, chair of the parliamentary subcommittee for the Woman and Child, along with other experts, to discuss the issue of parliamentary quota for women, and to draft a proposal to introduce the women quota in the Lebanese election law.
Winning Undergraduate Essay: The Freedom She Never Had
Authors: Hassan Leanne Abou
Published: April 2020

Winning Undergraduate Essay: The Freedom She Never Had
Race, Gender, and Work: Syrian-Lebanese Women in Turn-of-the Century Sao Paulo
Authors: Najar José D.
Published: April 2020

Recently the study of the Syrian-Lebanese communities in Latin America has attracted much attention from scholars across a variety of disciplines (Klich & Lesser, 1998; Zobel, 2006; Akmir, 2009). Although the impact of this emerging body of scholarship has greatly contributed to our understanding of non-European immigrants to Latin America and their contribution to their adoptive countries, less attention has been paid to the roles and experiences of Syrian-Lebanese women or women of Syrian-Lebanese descent. Even less attention has been paid to their transnational experiences.Syrian-Lebanese women are often referenced only in passing and are typicallydepicted as homebound, or as women of leisure engaged in charitable work. Many of these trivial and anecdotal glimpses into the lives of Syrian-Lebanese women in Brazil reflect and reinforce the constant reproduction of gender and color hierarchies inBrazilian nationalist ideology. There has been even less focus on questions pertaining to the privileged white status the Syrian-Lebanese immigrants enjoyed upon their arrival in Brazil.
Awareness Guide for Female Domestic Workers in Lebanon. What Should I Know?
Authors: Lebanese American University IWSAW
Published: April 2020

This guide was prepared by the Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World at the Lebanese American University in 2010. It was funded by a grant from the Foundation to Promote Open Society. The content of the guide is based on information compiled by IWSAW and on an ILO publication titled Did You Know? Frequently Asked Questions And Answers About Live-in Domestic Workers In Lebanon (August, 2009).
The Case of Samira Soueidan
Authors: Mahdawi Dalila
Published: April 2020

When Samira Soueidan fell in love with an Egyptian man and decided to marry him, she thought little of the consequences. She had no idea that the marriagewould ostracize her future children from their friends. She did not know that Lebanese women who married non-Lebanese men were all but abandoned by their government and viewed as second-class citizens.
Talk and Adult Lebanese Female Friends
Authors: Stouhi Missan Laysy
Published: April 2020

Hardly any research on language and gender in general, and women’s talk in particular, has been conducted in the Arab or the Lebanese context (see Haeiri, 1997; Sadiqi, 2003; Nelson, Al-Batal, & Echols, 1996). Outside the Arab world, major studies on female friends’ talk focused on conversations between children and teenagers (Goodwin, 1982; Goodwin, 1983; Goodwin, 1998; Goodwin, 2002; Hunt, 2005) or married women with children (Coates, 1996; Holmes, 1995; Tannen, 1990). This research study aims at further exploring potential competition for social power by examining levels of support and competition in the talk of adult (unmarried) Lebanesewomen best friends’ gossip, narratives, and discussions. The study examines the levels of support in these best friends’ responses to each other in conversations. It also investigates the extent to which these adult women friends recognize or admit that they disagree or compete for popularity or knowledge in their interactions with their best friends.
Women’s Work in the Field of Care and Rehabilitation in Jordan
Authors: Ammam South-North Center for Dialogue
Published: April 2020

In the last few decades, Arab society has witnessed remarkable changes at the social, economic, and demographic levels. These changes have left their mark on the size of the family, its function, role, and interrelations among its members. As a result, fertility rates among women have dropped, late marriages have become common, and the percentage of women and young girls seeking education has sharply increased. In addition, more women have joined the labor market.
BECOMING
Authors: (Reprinted with permission) Meem
Published: April 2020

I was born in 1982. Growing up in a Maronite family, I was a very religious teenager. I read the Bible three times a day. In the morning, I would read inspiring verses from the Psalms. After school, before doing my homework, I would read a passage from the Gospels, and before I went to bed, a passage from the Letters. I loved the Bible. It gave me strength, hope and joy. I wanted to be a missionary when I grew up, and even at a young age, I was a passionate preacher.
Women’s Resistance to Hostile Spaces
Authors: Kazzaz Mona
Published: April 2020

Civil war in Lebanon has lasted for fifteen years and has claimed a large number of victims between dead and wounded. War’s victims are not only individuals involved in the battlefield to fight for a cause they believe in, but also women who usually do not participate in face to face battles. In times of war, men who are not soldiers refrain from going out owing to the military situation outside. Home is thus transformed from a place where a woman can achieve partial freedom, to a space where she is monitored by the male gaze continuously. She thus becomes a double victim: victim of an outside patriarchal society which dictates rules of behavior she should abide by, and a victim of the power her husband, father, and brother exert on her inside her home. According to Blunt and Rose (1994), space is “central both to masculinist power and to feminist resistance” (p. 1) since men impose rules that women try to resist.
Post-War Anglophone Lebanese Fiction: Home Matters in the Diaspora
Authors: Nikro Norman Saadi
Published: April 2020

The remarkable production of fiction in Lebanon emerging from the long years of civil violence (1975-1990) and an ongoing restless aftermath is by no means confined to the Arabic language. Proliferating in a number of other languages, English has arguably become the preeminent non-Arab language in which contemporary diasporic Lebanese fiction is composed.
The effectiveness of the acidifier on the productivity of broiler chickens
Authors: Apaleyeva M.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. One of the urgent tasks in modern poultry farming is the search and testing of new, cheap and at the same time environmentally friendly feed additives that positively affect the productivity and health of poultry [1, p. 105]. Such additives include acidifiers, consisting of complexes of organic acids and their salts. The range of organic acids used in our country is large: formic, propionic, acetic, benzoic, butyric, sorbic, fumaric, succinic, citric, ascorbic, tartaric acids and others, as well as their salts [2, p. 81. 3, p. 28. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of the “Amur Broiler” poultry farm, studies were conducted on the effectiveness of using the Acidomyx AFG organic acid. The aim of the research was to determine the rational dosage of the medication based on Acidomyx AFG organic acids, as well as to assess its effect on meat productivity and the livability of broiler chickens. Methodology and research methods. The productive effect of Acidomyx AFG was assessed by the following indicators: live weight at the age of 7, 15, 25, 35, and 41 days old; daily average increase in chickens; livestock livability, feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain. Results. Studies have shown that the most productive was the use of the studied medication at a dosage of 0.3 % in the starter period, 0.2 % in periods of growth and finish. The effectiveness of the medication turned out to be the best in comparison with the control in terms of live weight by 15.8 %, average daily gain in chickens by 16.1 %, in terms of livestock livability by 8.9 %, and in feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain by 0.03 kg.
Traditional methods of the Kyrgyz people for the diagnosis and treatment of horse colic
Authors: Tulobaev A.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The purpose of research is the collection and analysis of traditional methods of the Kyrgyz people for the diagnosis and treatment of horse colic from the point of view of scientific veterinary medicine. In the study, methods of observation, interrogation of veterinary specialists and horse breeders were used. A total of 55 carriers of traditional veterinary knowledge were interviewed. The studies were conducted in the pastoral areas of the Kyrgyz Republic, where horse breeding in conditions of year-round grazing, with the preferential using of productive herd technology is mainly used. According to the data of the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic as of 01.01.2020, the total number of horses is 522.6 thousand heads. Results. It has been established that: in the traditional veterinary medicine of the Kyrgyz people, horses were diagnosed with urinary colic – tuttukma (in Kyrgyz), overfeeding – zhem zhatalak (in Kyrgyz), blockage – zhin zhatalak (in Kyrgyz), colic from cold water – suu zhatalak (in Kyrgyz), mechanical intestinal obstruction – sezgenich zhatalak (in Kyrgyz), intestinal flatulence – tүynөk zhatalak (in Kyrgyz); in the diagnosis of horse colic, anamnesis collection methods, observation, rectal examination and auscultation of the abdominal cavity were used. When treating horse colic, Kyrgyz folk veterinary medicine used mechanotherapy methods and medicinal plants, as well as diet and exercise. Our results and their comparison with the data of scientific veterinary medicine confirm that Kyrgyz folk methods for diagnosing and treating colic in horses are in tune with modern algorithms and tactics for diagnosing and treating diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in horses, accompanied by a symptom complex of colic. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of year-round grazing of horses in the Kyrgyz Republic, types of colic were determined, methods for diagnosing and treating diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in horses, accompanied by a symptom complex of colic, were clarified.
Bonded warehouses: modern infrastructure for trading agricultural products
Authors: KARASchUK O.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Bonded warehouses are the most important infrastructure link in the distribution systems of the leading countries in international trade. The largest transnational companies of such States, having a piece number of bond structures, provide huge supplies of their products to the domestic and international markets. The purpose of the study was to justify the need to develop bonded warehouses and bonded zones in Russia in order to create infrastructure conditions for the development of production and trade in agricultural products. Research methods included observations, groupings, comparisons, and statistical evaluations. According to the results of the study, it was determined that bond structures in Russia are regulated by legal documents applicable to temporary storage warehouses, adopted within the framework of the common economic space of the member States of the Eurasian economic Union. The procedure for temporary storage in bonded warehouses allows avoiding tax and other duties, obtaining licenses, permits, etc., entering products into the customs regime and filing a Declaration during the storage period. In addition, bonded warehouses provide users of their services with economic benefits due to lower prices for services, comprehensive maintenance, and faster product movement. The analysis showed that in Russia, bonded warehouses and zones have a low level of development: their number and capacity are insufficient, and the services offered are limited to transport, warehouse, and customs. At the same time, warehouse activity in Russia is highly profitable: the profitability of assets is 2.3 times higher than the indicator for the economy as a whole. For further development of bonded warehouses in Russia, it is recommended to increase their capacity in the regions that are key in the production and trade of agricultural products, expand the services provided, and integrate with agricultural producers. The scientific novelty of the work consists in substantiating the theoretical foundations of the role and necessary characteristics of bonded warehouses as an infrastructure basis for the development of trade in agricultural goods in Russia.
Lógica y génesis de un pronunciamiento: “los jesuitas se ponen verdes”
Authors: Sequeiros San Román Leandro
Published: April 2020

Sanar un mundo herido: Secretariado para la Justicia Social y la Ecología, de la Compañía de Jesús

Este informe ha aparecido íntegro en la versión electrónica de la revista Promotio iustititae nº 106 (2011/2). Aquí ofrecemos un extracto de la parte introductoria, precedido de dos comentarios introductorios debidos a Mayte Vizcaino y a Leandro Sequeiros que ayudan a contextualizar el documento.
Ultrasonography Findings of Breast Microcalcifications without Accompanying Mass and Evaluation of Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy Results
Authors: Durhan Gamze , Önder Ömer , Azizova Aynur , Karakaya Jale , Kösemehmetoğlu Kemal , Akpınar Meltem , Demirkazık Figen
Published: April 2020

Objective: Ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy is a real-time, inexpensive method with higher patient comfort. The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrasonography findings of microcalcifications without accompanying mass and also to investigate the accuracy of ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy results.

Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 54 patients, with microcalcifications observed on mammography and no accompanying mass, who underwent ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy and surgical excision. Core needle biopsy specimen x-rays were obtained from 23 patients. In 11 patients, the location of microcalcification was confirmed by mammography following the administration of contrast agent under ultrasonography guidance. Ultrasonography findings of microcalcifications were identified. The results of ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy were compared with the excisional pathology results.

Results: The microcalcifications without accompanying mass were presented with punctate echogenous foci, hypoechoic area, small distortion, ductal abnormality or fibrocystic changes on ultrasonography. Hypoechoic area and distortion were seen more in malignant lesions, and fibrocystic changes and ductal abnormalities in benign lesions but the difference was not statistically significant. The agreement between ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy and the excisional pathology results was high (Kappa = 0.781). When a specimen x-ray was obtained or core needle biopsy was performed after confirming the location of the microcalcifications with the use of contrast agent, Kappa values were even higher (0.87 and 1, respectively).

Conclusions: Microcalcifications can be seen with targeted ultrasonography imaging and ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy has high accuracy. Taking a specimen x-ray, or biopsy performed after identifying of the location of microcalcifications with a trace amount of contrast agent, can increase the accuracy of ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy.
F18-FDG Cardiac PET/CT: An alternative tool for myocardial viability determination prior to coronary revascularization decision in severe ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Talay Süreyya , Talay Nahide Belgit
Published: April 2020

Purposes: The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical value and accuracy of Fludeoxyglucose Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography Computerized Tomography (FDG C-PET/CT) as an alternative tool for myocardial viability determination prior to coronary revascularization decision in lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) patients. We accepted lower LVEF as 35% or less for the study. FDG C-PET/CT is reported to be the gold standart for myocardial viability detection among other techniques such as thallium-201 rest-redistribution scintigraphy myocardial perfusion imaging and dobutamine stress echocardiography.

Materials and Methods: Between the dates of 01.01.2010 and 10.07.2019, 191 consecutive patients (mean age 64±9.1 years) underwent CABG operations with severe LVEF dysfunction with 35% or less. These impaired LVEF patients were calculated as the 4.4%  total CABG cases. Myocardial viability was also studied and elaborated by F18-FDG C-PET/CT for all cases. Elaboration was detailed as viable myocardial tissue, hibernated myocardial tissue or necrosis areas (scars, nonviable tissue) via segmentally images of the heart. Final surgical decision was primarily depended on F18-FDG C-PET/CT for the majority of cases.

Results: 191 CABG operations were performed. Perioperative deaths occured in 18 (9.4%) cases. Mortality reasons were prolonged CPB in 4 (2%) cases, severe and unmanageable ventricular arrhytmias in 5 (2.6%) cases, MOD with prolonged intubation in 6 (3.1%) cases and major neurological complication in 2 (1%) cases. Our mean coronary graft number was 3.5±0.8. LIMA was used in the majority of cases (n=176, 92.1%). LIMA was anastomosed to LAD for each case. IABP insertions were applied in 81(42.4%, 43 cases intraoperatively, 38 cases at ICU) patients. 236 patients with impaired LVEF and severe coronary artery disease were evaluated by F18-FDG C-PET/CT prior to operation. 191 cases (80.9%) were accepted as canditates for revascularization with multiple viable segments.45 cases (19.1%) presented transmural scar tissue (non-viable) images by FDG uptake analysis. This group cases were considered to be with non-beneficial results from revascularization. Thus, these patients were referred to medical treatments. Mean number of viable segments on F18-FDG C-PET/CT were calculated as 5.2±1.4 for each patient.

Conclusions: The presence of myocardial viability is crucial to define reasonable canditates for revascularization in cases with lower LVEF. Among other preoperative viability detection techniques such as dobutamin echocardiography and myocardial perfusion scintigraphies, F18 FDG cardiac PET/CT is accepted as the ‘Gold Standart’ for segmental analysis on basis of distinguishing scar tissue from viable components. We strongly advocate F18-FDG cardiac PET/CT to be a suitable and effective tool to evaluate CABG indications in severe ventricular dysfunction.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Tenofovir in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Ecin Seval Müzeyyen , Çalık Başaran Nursel , Aladağ Murat
Published: April 2020

Introductıon: HBV infection is a global public health problem. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) that are used for the treatment of CHB infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment response and efficacy of TDF, which was a new treatment regimen in Turkey Materials and Methods: This descriptive, retrospective study was conducted between January 2009 and January 2011 at Inonu University Faculty, Turgut Ozal Medicine Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology Outpatient Clinic. We included hepatitis B positive patients who started to use Tenofovir (TDF). We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical files of Hepatitis B patients. HBsAg, Hepatit B surface antibody (Anti-HBsAb), HBeAg, Hepatit B e antibody (Anti-HBeAb), HBV-DNA, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were evaluated in the 1, 3., 6., 9., and 12. months. Result:  None of the patients under TDF treatment were “primary resistant”. ALT normalization at 12th month was seen in 80.4% of study population. HBsAg seroconversion were detected only in one patient (0.85%) at 9 months and HBeAg seroconversion were observed in 9 (8.3%) under TDF treatment. At the sixth month of TDF treatment, complete response were found in 77 (65.8%), partial response in 21 (18%) and inadequate response were in 19 (16.2%). Among HBeAg positive patients, 44 (80 %) patients had undetectable HBV DNA levels at the end of 12th month and among HBeAg negative patients, 52 (91.2%) patients had undetectable HBV DNA levels at the end of 12th month (p<0.01).

Discussion and Conclusion: among patients with chronic HBV infection, Tenofovir had satisfying  antiviral efficacy. There is no primary resistance in patients treated with Tenofovir. Patients had statistically significant improvement in AST, ALT, HBV DNA levels
Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation Syndrome: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Ozden Onder , Kılıc Seref Selcuk , Alkan Murat , Tumgor Gokhan , Tuncer Recep
Published: April 2020

Abstract:

Introduction: The cause of biliary atresia (BA) is not understood exactly as well as biliary atresia splenic malformation (BASM) syndrome. BA is destructive biliary fibrosis; the etiology may be multifactorial. Association of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BA have been shown in many reports but CMV and BASM have not been mentioned in the literature. So we aimed to report BASM experiences, an association of CMV infection and need of duodenoduodenostomy if preduodenal portal vein exists.

Materials and Methods:  The data were collected retrospectively from Cukurova University which is one of the largest tertiary hospitals in Turkey between 2005-2017. The patients of sex, age, blood chemistry counts, TORCH infections blood parameters, BA types, operational findings and mortality were noted.

Results: In total, 59 BA patients were diagnosed between 2005- 2017. Seven of them were classified as BASM.  The median age of them was 60 days (45-90 days). Three of them were girl and 4 of them were male in gender. The main complaint of whole patients was jaundice. The jaundice of 6 patients began since birth. One of them began at 20 days-age. Median total / direct blood bilirubin levels were 9.6 / 5.4 mg/dl. Median values of liver function tests; ALT, AST and GGT were 77 IU/L, 201 IU/L and 607 IU/L respectively.

Five of the patients showed positive results for anti-CMV immunoglobulin M. All had positive anti-CMV Ig G and anti-toxoplasmosis Ig G.

Evaluation of the types of BA revealed that one patient had type 2, while all others had type 3. Four of BASM patients had polysplenia and one had asplenia. Five of them had a preduodenal portal vein. All of them had midgut malrotation. One had inferior vena cava interruption. One had hepatic artery anomaly which was originated from SMA.

The median time of follow-up was 4 years (1-5 years). All of them are alive and 1 required liver transplantation.

Conclusion: BASM should be kept in mind by the surgeon for the requirement of additional surgical procedures such as Ladd procedure, duodenoduodenostomy with Kasai Porto-enterostomy.

Duodenoduodenostomy may be performed when the existence of preduodenal portal vein.

Further research is recommended for CMV infection and BASM.
Dynapenic obesity: A disregarded disease that affects functionality and nutrition of the older patients
Authors: Evranos Berna , Atmis Volkan
Published: April 2020

Objective: Dynapenia is the age-associated loss of muscle strength without neurological or muscular disease. It is associated with physical dependence, low physical performance, falls, cognitive impairment and increased mortality in the elderly. Obesity incidence increases rapidly in the elderly, but in the literature, there are limited studies on dynapenic obesity and its complications. We aimed to determine the frequency of dynapenia in elderly obese patients, examine the effect of dynapenic obesity on the functionality and the nutritional state and increase awareness of dynapenic obesity.

Materials and Methods:177 obese elderly admitted to geriatrics and endocrinology clinics divided into two groups as dynapenic or non-dynapenic according to last diagnostic criteria, depending on handgrip strength. Demographic and laboratory data, Activities of daily living, Instrumental Activities of Daily-Living, Mini-Nutritional Assessment, body mass index, and handgrip strength were also investigated. Differences between the two groups were analysed by the SPSS 20.0 program.

Results: 17.5% of the subjects had dynapenia. Dynapenic elderly were older (p=0.028), had lower mini-nutritional test scores (p= 0.009), activities of daily living (p=0.007), instrumental activities of daily living (p <0.001), creatinine levels (p=0.023), and albumin levels (p=0.049).

Conclusion: Dynapenic obese patients have a higher risk of disability and malnutrition than obese patients. Realising the natural history of patients with dynapenia and obesity is critically needed.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Special focus on suggestive imaging findings in head and neck involvement
Authors: Bulut Elif Gunay
Published: April 2020

Objective: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune disease with frequent upper respiratory tract involvement. Early diagnosis is crucial for early initiation of effective treatment, which improves outcome. Imaging plays an important role for confirming clinically suspected cases. The aim of our study is to reveal the frequencies of imaging findings previously defined as suggestive for GPA (i.e. osseous erosions or destructions, neoosteogenesis, subglottic stenosis) and to investigate frequency and characteristics of previously under-recognized nasopharyngeal involvement in GPA.

Materials and Methods: We retrospectively examined paranasal, nasopharynx/neck, temporal CTs (n=51) and MRIs (n=14) of 48 patients with GPA. The evaluated imaging findings include mucosal ulcerations in nasal cavity, sinonasal and temporal opacifications/inflammatory signal changes, presence and locations of osseous erosions and neoosteogenesis, periantral soft tissue infiltration, septal perforation, presence and characteristics of nasopharyngeal involvement, and subglottic stenosis. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean ± SD; categorical variables were presented as count and percentage.

Results: Forty patients (87%) had sinonasal and fourteen (29%) patients had tympanic cavity±mastoid opacifications. Three patients (23%) had signal and diffusion characteristics suggesting a sinonasal granulomatous inflammation. Mucosal ulcerations were detected in 32% of patients. Osseous erosions/destruction (40%) was common in disease onset and frequently affected mid-line sinonasal structures. Neoosteogenesis of paranasal sinuses (21%) was more common in follow-up studies and invariably affected maxillary sinuses. Septal perforation (6%), periantral infiltration (4%) and subglottic stenosis (10%) were relatively infrequent findings. Nasopharyngeal involvement (23%) was not infrequent; predominantly presented with wall thickening, ulcerations, low T2-weigted signal changes and restricted diffusion in MRI.

Conclusion: Sinonasal osseous erosion/destruction is a relatively common and highly suggestive finding especially when co-existent with nasal mucosal ulcerations, neoosteogenesis and nasopharyngeal thickening in a suspected case. Nasopharyngeal involvement is not infrequent and imaging could overlap with other entities such as nasopharyngeal cancer, lymphoma or sarcoma.
EVALUATION OF LEARNING AND MEMORY IN RATS THROUGH ELEVATED PLUS MAZE MODEL
Authors: Manju Gari  , Manisha Varshney
Published: April 2020

The understanding of dementia has evolved over 2500 years, from a vague notion of unavoidable age-related memory loss, to a present understanding of its characteristic clinical and pathologic features. Alzheimer disease (AD) symptoms include decline in cognitive function and it is most common form of dementia. In this pharmacological study two drugs Metformin and Bacopa monnieri have been tested to evaluate their efficacy in treatment of AD using Elevated Plus Maze model by evaluating effect of these drugs on learning and memory in rats. The results shown during experiments are promising by both these drugs in improvement of learning and memory in rats, and therefore could be the potential therapy in treatment of AD as well.