bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
دور الإدارة الجامعية في تفعيل التعليم الإلكتروني في ظل جائحة كورونا " الجامعات الصومالية بمقديشو نموذجًا"
Authors: إسحاق محمد آدم , جوليد آدم شدني
Published: December 2023

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور الإدارة الجامعية في تفعيل التعليم الإلكتروني في ظل جائحة كورونا في الجامعات الصومالية بمقديشو. المنهجية: اعتمدت هذه الدراسة في منهجيتها على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وطبقت هذه الدراسة على عينة عشوائية مكونة من (130) مدرس من أعضاء هيئة التدريس في خمسة عشر جامعة من الجامعات الصومالية بمقديشو الذين مارسوا التعليم الإلكتروني خلال أزمة انتشار فيروس كورونا، واستخدم الباحثان البرنامج الإحصائي "SPSS "لتحليل البيانات التي تمّ جمعها من عينة الدراسة. النتائج: قد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن فعالية التعليم الإلكتروني في الجامعات الصومالية بمقديشو أثناء توظيف التعليم الإلكتروني خلال جائحة كورونا عامة جاءت بدرجة عالية، فقد حصلت على متوسط حسابي (3.68) وبانحراف معياري قدره (1.203). وأما بالنسبة لكل متغير، فإن الدراسة أظهرت أن متغير ردّ الفعل ورضا أعضاء هيئة التدريس جاء بالمرتبة الأولى بدرجة عالية بمتوسط حسابي قدره (3.717) وبانحراف معياري (1.185)، وجاء متغير مشاركة هيئة التدريس وتفاعل أعضائها مع التعليم الإلكتروني بدرجة عالية بمتوسط حسابي (3.694) وبانحراف معياري (1.208)، وجاء متغير إنجازات أعضاء هيئة التدريس بدرجة عالية بمتوسط حسابي (3.638) وبانحراف معياري (1.197)، وجاء متغيّر الإلمام بتكنولوجيا التعلم عبر الإنترنت بدرجة عالية بمتوسط حسابي (3.686) وبانحراف معياري (1.222). الخلاصة: تفيد نتائج هذه الدراسة مؤسسات التعليم العالي في الصومال في تحسين أداء نظام التعليم الإلكتروني، وتساهم في عملية إعداد الخطط المستقبلية المناسبة التي ينطلق منها المخططون للتعليم الإلكتروني في وزارة التربية والتعليم العالي والثقافة بالصومال. وتوصي هذه الدراسة بضرورة إنشاء الوزارة لوائح وقوانين معايير تطبيق التعليم الإلكتروني لضمان التزام جميع مقدمي الخدمة باللوائح وتشجيع أعضاء هيئة التدريس بالجامعات على الاتصال الإلكتروني بالطلبة لرفع مستوى التفاعل بينهم وبين الطلبة مما يؤدي إلى تحسن جودة التعليم الإلكتروني.
Experience in assessing the abundance and spatial distribution of geese on the Taimyr Peninsula using the aerial survey method
Authors: Rozenfeld S.B. , Popovkina A.B. , Soloviev M.Yu. , Kirtaev G.V. , Rogova N.V.
Published: December 2023

The Taimyr Peninsula is a key region for reproduction of waterfowl of European and Asian wintering populations. The uniqueness of Taimyr is that birds migrate there from both the west and the east, following five out of eight global flyways: East Atlantic, Black Sea/Mediterranean, West Asian/East African, Central Asian, and East Asian/Australasian. The study develops the topic of conservation ornithology and sustainable use of biological resources raised at the First All-Russian Ornithological Congress by Dr. Evgeny Syroechkovsky. Russia lacks the system of state monitoring and assessment of waterfowl populations, in particular with the use of aerial survey methods. In 2019, counts of geese in the tundra zone of the Taimyr Peninsula were carried out from the board of an ultralight aircraft specially designed for aerial surveys. New data on the abundance and spatial distribution of geese were obtained. We substantiated the methodology for the survey flight routing with no transects and the use of GIS, remote sensing, and generalized additive models (GAM) for interpreting the results and extrapolating estimates of goose abundance. A database of the results of aerial surveys was compiled (http://rggsurveys.ru). According to our estimate, for the first time made by statistical modeling for the tundra zone of the Taimyr Peninsula, more than 1.5 million White-fronted geese, about 450000 Bean geese, 78400 Red-breasted geese, and 43000 Lesser White-fronted geese nest and moult on Taimyr. Comparison of these figures with modern estimates of the world populations of these species demonstrates the key role of the Taimyr Peninsula in maintaining populations of rare and economically important Anseriformes.
Карбонологія: фармакохімічний аспект, перспективи досліджень
Authors: Chekman I. S. , Syrova H. O. , Nebesna T. Yu. , Shapoval L. G. , Shapoval O. V.
Published: December 2023

The paper is devoted to the new direction of science – carbonology. Carbon is the base of organic compounds. Compounds of carbon with metals are known. The article gives a brief description of the three allotropic forms of carbon (soot, graphite, diamond), and various types of hybridization in organic structures, describes the role of biogenic carbon. At the end of the twentieth century new carbon nanostructures were discovered: fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. Scientists all over the world study physical, chemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of the allotropes of carbon structures, which are promising for nanochemistry, nanopharmacology and nanotoxicology. The main characteristics of fullerenes are the high electrical conductivity, antiviral, antioxidant properties and possible use for targeted drug delivery. Carbon nanotubes have strong adsorption properties, high electrical conductivity, strength, are used for targeted drug delivery and the production of biosensors. In order to introduce carbon nanoparticles in the practical medicine it is necessary to intensify research to biosafety.
Лімфангіолейоміоматоз легень і спонтанний пневмохілоторакс
Authors: Duzhyi I. D. , Golubnychyi S. O. , Reshtanenko V. A.
Published: December 2023

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis occupies a special place among rare systemic diseases of lungs, which are manifested by respiratory failure and the gradual development of pulmonary heart. Manifestations of the pleural cavity in the form of pneumothorax and pleural effusion syndrome are characteristic for the disease. In order to verify the process, the authors recommend a study of pleural punctate with Sudan-III for detection of lymph and a CT-scanning after removal of the contents of the pleural cavity. “Cell” pattern of lungs in combination with chylothorax confirm the diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. In particularly complex cases, in their opinion, the lung and pleura bi-opsy is required.
Медицина в символах і емблемах
Authors: Radysh Ya. F.
Published: December 2023

Medical emblems and symbols of medicine are considered in a lecture.
Роль дисбалансу цинку та міді у перебігу негоспітальної пневмонії у дітей шкільного віку
Authors: Smiyan О. І. , Gorbas V. А. , Bynda Т. P. , Moshchih O. P. , Sichnenko P. І. , Romaniyk О. К. , Vasyliyva О. G. , Potapova А. О.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzed 60 patients with community-aquired pneumonia from ages 6 to 18 years. The dependences of trace levels of zinc and copper in the serum of these children on the activity of the inflammatory process. Analysis of survey results showed that in children with community-aquired pneumonia was observed imbalance of trace elements Zn, Cu. Severity of such violations depended mainly on severity disease and to a lesser extent on age. Normalization of detected metabolic microelement content in a period of convalescence practically advancing. In children at acute stage of community-aquired pneumonia inflammation was observed with pronounced zinc deficiency (Р < 0,001), and its content in blood serum is directly dependent on the acuity and severity of inflammation. Use of the drug, which contains zinc as part of adjuvant therapy in community-aquired pneumonia in children led to more rapid normalization of serum microelement parameters, apparently due to modulating effects on microelement status and immune status. To increase the effectiveness of treatment of community-aquired pneumonia in school-age children, its recommended to use zinc containing drug.
Маркери активного запалення у хворих на хронічний бронхіт у поєднанні з інсулінорезистентністю
Authors: Loskutov А. L. , Loskutova I. V. , Ivanova L. M.
Published: December 2023

By us for diagnostics of activity of inflammatory process for patients by a chronic bronchitis (CB) in combination with insulintolerance the necessity of leadthrough of study of gemogramme and concentration of C-reactive protein was set for the whey of blood. Information of integral indexes of activity of inflammation (IAI) for patients with CB at presence of insulintolerance in the pe riod of intensifying, and also and period of remission at majority inspected remained higher than norm in relation to healthy people. Quantitative determination of C-reactive protein in the whey of blood for the patients of CB with insulintolerance along with determination of level of leucocytes and indexes of leukogramme is the laboratory marker of activity of inflammation in the period of intensifying in the bronkholegochnoy system.
Ендоскопічні ознаки передракових змін шлунка у хворих з ерозіями шлунка при захворюваннях жовчовивідних шляхів
Authors: Solovyova G. A.
Published: December 2023

Frequency of the precancer changes of the stomach, diagnosed by using zoom-endoscopy, NBI, chromoscopy, in the three groups of patients: with gastric erosions and biliary tract diseases, with gastric erosions and duodenal ulcer disease, with gastric erosions and chronic gastritis is compared in the article. It is shown, that patients with gastric erosions and biliary tract diseases are characterized by bigger spreading of precancer changes: atrophy, intestinal metaplasia with predominant small intestine in gastric body, intestine metaplasia in antral part of the stomach is revealed more frequently in these category of patients. A strong correlation between endoscopical and morphological methods of investigation was demonstrated.
Эффективность энтеросорбента Белый Уголь® в лечении больных хроническим вирусным гепатитом С и его влияние на маркёры липопероксидации и эндогенной интоксикации
Authors: Frolov V. M. , Sotska Ya. A. , Kruglova O. V.
Published: December 2023

Efficiency of enterosorbent White Сoal® (aerosil) at the treatment of the patients with chronic viral hepatitis С (CVHC) was investigated. It was set that including of enterosorbent White Сoal® (aerosil) to the complex treatment of the patients with CVHC provided more fast liqudation clinical symptoms and provided archievment of clinical-biochemical remission and at pathogenetic plan – decrease of concentration “average molecules” and lipoperoxidation’s products in the serum that testified about liqudation “metabolic intoxication” and oxidative stress syndromes.
НейроСПИД: диагностика, лечение профилактика
Authors: Kustkova A. S.
Published: December 2023

Kliniko-epidemiologу description of problem of neyroSPIDа is Given. Recommendations are presented after a diagnostician, tactician of conduct and treatment of basic forms of neyroSPIDа. The necessity of early diagnostics of neurological violations is grounded at Vich-infekcii with the purpose of establishment of etiology of pathological process and timely leadthrough of specific therapy.
Нейропатическая боль: тактика лечения
Authors: Murashko N. K.
Published: December 2023

Diagnostics of neuropathy pain is presented in the article, where most essential are methods of clinical estimation with the use of questionnaires and scales for verification and quantitative estimation of pain. The neurological inspection of patients with suspicion on neuropathy pain must plug in itself of the motive, sensory and vegetative phenomena with the purpose of authentication of all signs of neurological dysfunction. If on a background immunotherapy it is not succeeded fully a pain syndrome preparations of the first row, setting of combined pharmacotherapy allows to promote efficiency of treatment at the less dosages of preparations and reduce the risk of development of by-effects.
Фактори ризику ішемічного інсульту
Authors: Shklyaeva O. P.
Published: December 2023

The article contains data on modern methods of ischemic stroke diagnosis. Instrumental tests and their diagnostic yield in determining the pathogenetic mechanism of stroke especially in patients with atrial fibrillation have been analysed. Holter monitoring of electrocardiography and blood pressure has specific significance in patients with rhythm disorders in acute period of ischemic stroke for determining pathogenesis of dysrhythmias and disturbances of central and cerebral hemodynamics.
Wybrane koncepcje architektoniczno-wystawiennicze pawilonów narodowych krajów Europy Wschodniej na targach World Expo 2000-2020 w kontekście kreacji wizerunku narodowego
Authors: Bizio Krzysztof
Published: December 2023

This article examines the architectural and exhibition concepts of the national pavilions of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus and Ukraine, which were created for the purposes of the World Expo exhibitions in the years 2000-2020 in the context of the promoted national image. After 1991 and the collapse of the USSR, the countries of Eastern Europe began the process of creating their own national images, in which the World Expo exhibitions became one of the most important platforms for international presentations. The article discusses selected exhibition strategies presented by these countries at six exhibitions: World Expo 2000 in Hanover, World Expo 2005 in Aichi, World Expo 2010 in Shanghai, World Expo 2015 in Milan and World Expo in Dubai 2020. The analysis of solutions was carried out from the perspective of searching for unique forms that distinguish the concepts of individual pavilions. The result of the research was the specification of the tendencies that distinguish pavilions of Eastern European countries from other solutions.
ВПЛИВ ЗАНЯТЬ ПЛАВАННЯМ З ЕЛЕМЕНТАМИ АКВАФІТНЕСУ НА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНУ ПІДГОТОВЛЕНІСТЬ ДІТЕЙ 11-15 РОКІВ З НАСЛІДКАМИ БРОНХО-ЛЕГЕНЕВИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ
Authors: Сальникова Світлана , Головкіна Вікторія , Пуздимір Микола , Гончарук Яна
Published: December 2023

Taking into account the rapid increase on a global scale of viral diseases that cause complications of the respiratory system in patients, the increase in the number of such patients and, as a result, the overloading of medical institutions that provide full rehabilitation, there is a need to develop alternative rehabilitation programs for people with the consequences of bronchopulmonary diseases , which would contribute to the acceleration of adaptation and the return of all body systems to the physiological norm.
Design, Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Clotrimazole Chewing Gum
Authors: Aslani Abolfazl , Karbasizadeh Esfahani Shekofeh
Published: December 2023

Background: Oral candidiasis is widespread in the patients with immunodeficiency diseases. Chewing gums are considered as mobile drug delivery systems that affected locally or systemically via the oral cavity. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the formulation of clotrimazole chewing gums for patients having oral candidiasis. Materials and Methods: Fourteen formulations (F) were designed by Design-Expert, version 7. These formulations were different in the amount of gum bases and sweeteners. Gum bases of elvasti, 487, stick, and fruit C were heated up to 70Â°C. Clotrimazole powder, sugar, liquid glucose, glycerin, mannitol, xylitol, and maltitol as well as different flavoring agents were added to the gum bases at 40Â°C. Content and weight uniformity, organoleptic properties evaluation, releasing the active ingredient in the phosphate buffer pH, 6.8, and taste evaluation were analyzed by Latin square analysis. Also, the mechanical test was done on F13 and F14 formulations. Results: F14 was the best formulation in terms of organoleptic properties. This formulation had suitable size, hardness, softness, and lack of adhesion to teeth. F14 formulation released 89% and 97% of clotrimazole after 30 and 45 minutes, respectively. F14 content uniformity and weight variations were 9.83Â±0.086 mg and 1.14Â±0.09 g, respectively. F14 evaluation of mechanical properties showed Youngâ€™s modulus about 0.32 MPa, and yield point occurred at the stress of 0.599 MPa and strain of 4.1%. Conclusion: F14 was chosen according to its physicochemical and organoleptic properties. F14 had adequate hardness, lack of adhesion to the teeth, suitable size, and best drug release. Tutti Frutti was a proper flavoring agent for clotrimazole gum formulations.[GMJ.2021;10:e1084]
Anticipation of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Effect on Post Myocardial Infarction Depression Disorder
Authors: Alizadeh Parichehr , Bahramali Ehsan , Hedayati Arvin , Dehghan Azizallah
Published: December 2023

Background: The natural history of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as the most prevalent public health issue in Iran has changed with the introduction of novel therapeutic strategies that have reduced its mortality significantly. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and disabling psychiatric disorder and frequently co-exist with AMI. There are proposed pathophysiological links between the two diseases among which inflammation is the most important. With more patients surviving a myocardial infarction (MI) event, post-MI depression has become an important determinant of disability and mortality. Materials and Methods: In this study we defined a 1-month post-MI depressive scale of 200 patients using Beckâ€™s inventory questionnaire II and measured serum high Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) to look for the association between inflammatory state and atherosclerosis in different depression score categories. Results: Minimum and maximum Beck scores were 1 and 43, respectively with a mean of 13Â±8. The mean CIMT was 0.77Â±0.26 mm. Serum hs-CRP level was measured with a mean of 1.51Â±1.6 mg/L. According to BDI-II scores, 44.2% of patients 1-month post-MI suffered from more than mild depression. Being affected was not correlated with either the level of hs-CRP or CIMT. Nearly 44 percent of patients suffered more than mild depression. There was a negative association between serum hs-CRP level and CIMT as a measure of atherosclerosis in groups of depressed versus non-depressed patients. This may indicate that the extent of atherosclerosis is not correlated with the inflammatory state after MI in depressed versus non-depressed patients. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the extent of atherosclerosis is not correlated with the inflammatory state after MI in depressed versus non-depressed patients. Nonetheless, the prognostic indications of increased hs-CRP and depression after AMI remains to be investigated further. [GMJ.2021;10:e1512]
Impact of Jollab on Blood Parameters in Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ahadi Ghazaleh Heydarirad , Ahadi Bahareh , Pasalar Mehdi , Mirzaei Hamid Reza , Gharehgozlou Reyhaneh , Tavakoli Ali
Published: December 2023

Background: In cancer patients, a prominent side effect of chemotherapy drugs is bone marrow suppression, which leads to decreased blood cell production. Herbal remedies and natural substances such as honey may fulfill a role in relieving this complication. The present study aimed to determine the efficiency of Jollab (a honey-based syrup) in the prevention of pancytopenia in female patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: In a pilot double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 70 patients were examined in terms of leukocyte count, platelet count, and hemoglobin level at the Shohaday-e Tajrish Cancer Clinic (Tehran, Iran) in 2020. The intervention group consumed 10 ml of Jollab syrup three times a day for four weeks, while the control group took a placebo with the same prescription. The independent sample t-test and chi-squared test were used for data analysis in this trial. Results: Our data revealed that the total number of leukocytes, hemoglobin levels, and platelet counts have no significant differences between the two groups at the end of the study, but significant changes were discovered for hemoglobin and platelet levels in intragroup analysis for both intervention and placebo groups. Conclusion: Although the use of Jollab was not found to be effective in augmenting the levels of blood cell parameters in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, future studies of higher quality may demonstrate its supportive role provided the present limitations are addressed. [GMJ.2021;10:e1972]
Nrf2 Dysregulation in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Hashemi Mehrdad , Ghanbarirad Maryam , Saberi Seyed Mehdi , Majd Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are two of the most important mental disorders that greatly impact different aspects of life. These conditions imply heavy health and economic burden and are heterogeneous in nature. Inflammation is reported as the etiology of mental disorders. Nrf2 transcription factor plays a key role in the defense mechanisms against inflammation and oxidative stress. So, this study aimed to evaluate the expression level of Nrf2 in MDD and BPD patients and compared it with healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: In this study, real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression level of Nrf2 in 100 MDD and 100 BPD patients compared to 100 healthy control subjects. Statistical analysis conducted on GraphPad Prism 8 and SPSS21 included ANOVA, Tukeyâ€™s test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and odds ratio. Results: Results suggest a significant downregulation of Nrf2 in these conditions compared to the control group. ROC curve analysis demonstrates Nrf2 as a biomarker of these psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: The elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and downregulation of detoxifying enzymes were observed in MDD and BPD, which can be associated with the downregulation of Nrf2. Concerning its role in inflammatory response pathways, alternation of Nrf2 expression can be associated with the pathology of these conditions.
Association Between Permanent Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation with Microalbuminuria and C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Darban Mahboubeh , Eskandarian Rahimeh , Niknahad Maryam , Ghorbani Raheb
Published: December 2023

Background: An understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF) mechanisms, as the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is essential for primary and secondary prevention. Some studies indicated an association between microalbuminuria and C-reactive protein (CRP) protein, with the incidence and prevalence of AF. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between permanent non-valvular AF with microalbuminuria and reactive protein C. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 40 permanent non-valvular AF patients and 40 non-AF patients (control group) were studied. Demographic data and measurements of albumin, urine creatinine, CRP, and microalbuminuria were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results: In patients with permanent non-valvular atrial fibrillation, CRP level (P<0.001) and microalbuminuria (P=0.012) were significantly higher than the control group. Also, in patients with permanent non-valvular AF, the CRP positive (P = 0.014) and microalbuminuria (P = 0.003) were significantly higher than controls. The results showed that elevated chance of permanent non-valvular AF with abnormal CRP was 4.25 (odds ratio [OR]= 4.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.28; P= 0.026), and with microalbuminuria was 6.54 (OR= 6.54, 95% CI: 1.65-25.89; P=0.007). Conclusion: An elevated CRP level and microalbuminuria were significantly associated with permanent non-valvular atrial fibrillation. A longitudinal study is necessary. [GMJ.2021;10:e2106]
Review of Stroke: The 2nd International and the 8th National Iranian Stroke Congress : Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Borhani-Haghighi Afshin
Published: December 2023

Dear reader,

Stroke is a major health problem in Iran as other developing countries.Â  Meanwhile, epidemiological characteristics of stroke in Iranian population are different with other countries.Â  Both Â  population-based and hospital-based studies showed that Â  incidence and mortality of stroke in Iran is higher than most western countries [1,2]. Higher rates of patients with young-adult stroke in Iranian population are a prominent feature too [3]. In the same time, prevalence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is higher than western populations [4] but the frequency of the intracranial stenosis is more or less same as Europeans [5]. The high prevalence of atherosclerotic disease in Iran can be attributed to social and economic factors, including increased life span, changes in dietary habits and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle [6]. In the light of these changes, Iranian health policymakers should consider concerted primary and secondary preventive measures to reduce the impact of this increasingly problematic public health issue.

Iranians who have had a stroke consider their social, financial and rehabilitative support to be inadequate. Moreover, awareness of the manifestations of stroke is poor in the Iranian general population [7]. Consequently, the clinical status of stroke patients by the time they are transferred to the referral center may be worse than it could have been. There is an urgent need for Iranian hospitals to develop better measures to manage acute stroke patients.

The second international Iranian stroke congress was held from 23-25 September 2015 in Shiraz, Iran. This Conference was a joint effort of the Clinical Neurology Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Stroke Association.

Here we presented Â  some selected reviews from outstanding platforms of this congress. Ghandehari presented the epidemiology of stroke in Iran [8]. Safari et al presented a comprehensive review about immunology of stroke [9]. Abolhasani-Foroughi andÂ  Nazeri Â  summarized the role of Computed topographyÂ  scan for diagnosis and treatment planning of stroke patients [10].

Lotfi discussed about pearls and pitfalls of color doppler sonography of cervical arteries [11]. We also have three reviews about clinical and radiologic aspects of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis [12-14]. Two reviews focused on importance of rehabilitation in new stroke era [15,16].

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Cessation or Continuation of Aspirin in Patients Undergoing 20-gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy due to Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Khosravi Mohammad Hossein , Ajudani Reza , Ramezani-Binabaj Mahdi , Rezaee-Zavareh Mohammad Saeid , Alishiri Ali agha
Published: December 2023

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of ocular hemorrhages in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) undergoing 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) taking aspirin as an antiplatelet agent versus those who did not take any aspirin. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 patients (mean age of 60.5 Â± 9.9 years) with PDR referred to Baqiyatallah University Hospital in 2016 were enrolled in aspirin and control groups each group containing 90 patients. All participants underwent a standard 20-gauge diabetic PPV. Laboratory data, including fasting blood sugar, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin, bleeding time, and platelets count, and intraoperative data, including bleeding and its type (retinal, subretinal, vitreous, conjunctival, sub-conjunctival, and hyphema), were collected and analyzed using SPSS16 software. Results: Bleeding occurred in 56 patients. There were no significant differences in the incidence of bleeding between aspirin (33 patients) and control groups (23patients) (P= 0.1). Likewise, no significant differences were observed in the type of bleeding between the two groups (P= 0.11). Age, gender, hypertension, type of operation, and laboratory findings were not significant between patients with and without bleeding. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that taking aspirin is not associated with a higher risk of post-PPV surgery bleeding in comparison with the control group. Additionally, the type of bleeding did not significantly differ between the two groups. Hence, there is no urgent need for discontinuation of this medication in diabetic patients undergoing PPV.[GMJ.2017;6(2):95-101]
Patient Retention in Antiretroviral Therapy Programs; A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Triangular HIV Clinic
Authors: Safari Saeed , Khalatbari Limaki Azadeh , Farhoudi Behnam , Rasoolinejad Mehrnaz , Rasoolinejad Mehrnaz
Published: December 2023

Background: High rate of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for the optimized outcome. The present study aimed to determine the rate of retention in ART programs and itsâ€™ associated factors in a triangular clinic. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective cohort study was conducted on people living with HIV receiving care in a triangular clinic affiliated with Iranian research center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran, Iran, from 2003 to 2008. Baseline variables, duration of ART, and cause of treatment discontinuation were gathered using patientsâ€™ profile and analyzed by SPSS 21 and STATA 11. Results: Three hundred and seventeen cases with the mean age of 37.69 Â± 10.63 (2â€“76) years were included (83.9% male). Treatment discontinuation had happened in 142 (45.2%) cases. Cause of treatment discontinuation was death in 20 (13.7%) cases and personal preference in 126 (86.3%) individuals. 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 60 months retention rates were 81.1%, 58.4%, 48.3%, 35.6%, 22.9%, and 6.3%, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between treatment retention and female sex (OR: 4.10; 95% CI: 1.59â€“10.56, P=0.003), addiction/drug use (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21â€“ 0.77, P=0.007), and lamivudine+ zidovudine+ indinavir treatment regimen (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46 -0.87, P= 0.005). Conclusion: Based on the findings, male sex, addiction/drug use, and type of treatment regimen were among the most important risk factors for ART attrition in HIV-infected patients. [GMJ.2017;6(2):110-117]
Role of Optic Nerve Fenestration as an Effective Salvage Therapy in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Rahimi Abolfazl , Karimi Yarandi Kourosh , Aryan Hoda
Published: December 2023

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon, unrecognized type of stroke mostly affecting young people. Although a headache is the most common clinical manifestation of CVT, neurological focal signs like diplopia and papilledema are also frequently reported in the patients with such a problem. Currently, specific treatment for CVT involves anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy. Case Report: In this report, we described a 13-year-old female, who was referred to our clinic with a headache and progressive loss of vision due to increased intracranial pressure. Along with usual anticoagulant therapy, we performed the optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) to improve her vision. The patient visual acuity was improved, and after 11 monthsâ€™ follow-up, no complication was detected. Conclusion: The ONSF can be safe and beneficial in patients with CVT and who are in immediate danger of visual deterioration despite being treated by other means. [GMJ.2017;6(2):160-65]
Evaluation of Serum Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Cutaneous-Oral Lichen Planus and Psoriasis Patients
Authors: Heidari Gorji Ali Morad , Heydari Fatemeh , Rahmatpour Rokni Ghasem , Golpour Masoud , Yazdani Jamshid
Published: December 2023

Background: An elevated plasma homocysteine level is suggested to be a risk factor for reversible atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Psoriasis and lichen planus are two chronic inflammatory skin diseases associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: We conducted this descriptive analytical study in 2015 on 30 psoriatic patients and 30 patients with cutaneous-oral lichen planus (selected via a simple randomized method) who were referred to the outpatient department of dermatology at Bouali Sina training and therapeutic hospital in Sari, Iran. We evaluated the serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid levels in all patients. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and an independent t-test. Logistic regression was used for controlling confounding variables. Results: Nine (30%) patients in the psoriasis group and 11 (36.66%) in the cutaneous-oral lichen planus group had abnormally high blood homocysteine level (P = 0.001). Serum vitamin B12 level in the psoriatic group was significantly higher than in the cutaneous-oral lichen planus group (P = 0.034). Both mean and maximum serum folic acid levels in the psoriatic group were higher than in the cutaneous-oral lichen planus group, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.296). As psoriasis and cutaneous-oral lichen planus are chronic inflammatory skin diseases, in these groups, the serum homocysteine levels were higher than in healthy control subjects, but there was no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Further studies are recommended about the course of treatment in patients with psoriasis and lichen planus diseases before therapeutic intervention.Â [GMJ.2017;6(3):226-232] DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v0i0.749
Origanum majorana L. as an Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Apical Abscess: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Pasalar Mehdi , Mosaffa-Jahromi Maryam , Firouzmandi Maryam
Published: December 2023

Background: Acute apical abscess is a prevalent complication in dentistry on the basis of root canal infection. Diagnosis and treatment plan depend on the level of dental involvement. Case Report: A 28-year-old female patient presented with preapical abscess. She received a herbal preparation of oregano for two days. The abscess removed finally without any surgical intervention or post-treatment complication. Conclusion: Using complementary and alternative methods as a noninvasive choice for dental problems could offer a noteworthy opportunity for patients. [GMJ.2017;6(3):258-260] DOI:10.22086/gmj.v6i3.859
Comparative Bioinformatics Characteristic of Bladder Cancer Stage 2 from Stage 4 Expression Profile: A Network-Based Study
Authors: Zamanian Azodi Mona , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Rezaei-Tavirani Majid
Published: December 2023

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) has remained as one of the most challenging issues in medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential network analysis of stages 2 and 4 of BC to better understand the molecular pathology of these states. Materials and Methods: We chose gene expression data of GSE52519 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database analyzed by the GEO2R online tool. Cytoscape version 3.6.1 and its algorithms are the methods applied for the network construction and investigation of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in these states. Result: Our result revealed that the analysis DEGs provides useful information about a common molecular feature of stages 2 and 4 of BC. Conclusion: Consequently, the network finding revealed that more investigation about stage 2 is required to achieve an effective therapeutic protocol to block the transition from stage 2 to stage 4.[GMJ.2018;7:e1279]

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Bronchospasm During Induction of Anesthesia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Vojdani Salman
Published: December 2023

Background: Bronchospasm (spasm of bronchial muscles) in general anesthesia caused by many reasons. Untreated bronchospasm can cause hypoxia, hypotension and increased morbidity and mortality. Case Report: A 28 years old female scheduled for tonsillectomy surgery. Immediately after induction of anesthesia patient developed with drop in oxygen saturation and difficulty in mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Bronchospasm should be considered in differential diagnosis of oxygen saturation drop during general anesthesia. This situation is more common in patients without specific respiratory disorder. Tracheal irritants like sputum and blood can cause bronchospasm. Other causes include histamine or serotonin release. [GMJ.2018;7:e846]

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Long-Term Survival of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma with Metastasis to Paranasal Sinuses: A Case Report and Literature Revie
Authors: Javadinia Seyed Alireza
Published: December 2023

Background: Malignant melanoma (MM) usually present with metastases to unexpected regions of the body. Metastatic MM is a highly lethal condition, and the median survival in this setting is 6 to 7.5 months; however, few reports rarely describe long-term after chemotherapy.Case Report: We describe a 31-year-old man with MM, which got metastatic (to paranasal sinuses) after local and systemic therapy showed complete responses with long-term survival after endonasal endoscopic metastasectomy and radiotherapy of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and base of the skull.Conclusion: Although long-term survival is rare, few reports describe cases after chemotherapy. MM could be associated with metastasis to any regions and clinicians should be aware of its behavior and perform complete investigation in the presence of any suspicious symptoms, and this should be reinforced periodically. However, the survival is poor in the metastatic setting, and the treatment of choice is debatable, some patients may benefit from metastasectomy and local radiotherapy. [GMJ.2018;7:e860]
Factors Associated With Delayed Menopause in Iran, Based On Fasa Cohort Study, A Branch Of Persian Cohort Study
Authors: Sharafi Mehdi , Farjam Mojtaba , Amiri Zahra , Bahramali Ehsan
Published: December 2023

Background: Investigation of middle-aged womenâ€™s mental and physical health measures should be focused on menopause that is a predictable physiological phenomenon in their lives, because the prevalence of the majority of chronic diseases increases after this period. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of delayed menopause (climacterium tardum). Material and Methods: The current cross-sectional research was conducted on 1930 menopausal women who had referred to the cohort study of Fasa University of Medical Sciences during 2014-2015. The data were extracted from the database, and then, the variables were checked for accuracy. Finally, the data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: This study was conducted on menopausal women with the mean age of 57.98Â±5.8 years. Among the women, 1555 (80.6%) were married, and the rest were single and widowed. Besides, the mean age at menarche was 13.7Â±1.64 years. Additionally, 1726 women (89.4%) had experienced natural menopause, while the rest had experienced delayed menopause. The results of the multivariate analysis indicated that delayed menopause was associated with marital status, education level, age at menarche, occupation, abortion, and use of contraceptive methods. However, no significant relationship was found between delayed menopause and smoking, duration of lactation, duration of using contraceptive pills, and the number of childbirths. Conclusions: Considering the increased life expectancy among women, delayed menopause, and its risk factors should be taken into account. Although genetic factors play key roles in menopause age, the role of socio-demographic factors, such as marital status and pregnancy, should not be ignored. [GMJ.2018;7:e922]
Generation of a Transgenic Zebrafish Model for Pancreatic Beta Cell Regeneration
Authors: Pourghadamyari Hossein , Rezaei Mohammad , Basiri Mohsen , Tahamtani Yaser , Asgari Behrouz , Hassani Seyedeh-Nafiseh , Meshkani Reza , Golmohammadi Taghi , Baharvand Hossein
Published: December 2023

Background: Diabetes is a major worldwide health problem. It is widely accepted that the beta cell mass decreases in type I diabetes (T1D). Accordingly, beta cell regeneration is a promising approach to increase the beta cell mass in T1D patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of beta cell regeneration have yet to be elucidated. One promising avenue is to create a relevant animal model to explore the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of beta cell regeneration. The zebrafish can be considered a model in beta cell regeneration studies because the pancreas structure and gene expression pattern are highly conserved between human and zebrafish. Materials and Methods: In this study, the Tol2 transposase was exploited to generate a Tg(Ins:egfp-nfsB) zebrafish model that expressed a fusion protein composed of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and nitroreductase (NTR) under control of the Ins promoter. Results: Metronidazole (MTZ) treatment of Tg(ins:egfp-nfsB) zebrafish larvae led to selective ablation of beta cells. Proof-of-concept evidence for beta cell regeneration in the transgenic larvae was observed two days after withdrawal of MTZ. Conclusion: This study suggests that the Tg(ins:egfp-nfsB) zebrafish can be used as a disease model to study beta cell regeneration and elucidate underlying mechanisms during the regeneration process. [GMJ.2019;8:e1056]
Medicinal Plants for Management of Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies
Authors: Ayati Mohammad Hossein , Feizi Faezeh , Namazi Nazli , Rahimi Roja
Published: December 2023

Insomnia is one of the most troubling sleep disorders and can be characterized by an inability to fall asleep and/or inadequate sleep duration and/or waking up multiple times during the night. Herbal medicine has been used to treat a range of sleep disorders for centuries. This study aimed to review medicinal plants investigated experimentally or clinically for sleep disorders, as well as their potential mechanisms of action and active components. Electronic databases and literature were systematically investigated to assess all in vitro and in vivo trials and clinical evidence of the efficacy and potential mechanisms of actions playing major roles in sleep induction or insomnia treatment. Among many herbal studies and trials on insomnia, some showed no significant difference between herbal remedies and placebos. While others showed improvements in sleep parameters (sleep latency, total sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration, delta activity in NREM sleep, wakefulness anxiety-associated insomnia). In this study, in vitro, animal, and clinical studies investigating a variety of herbal treatments for insomnia were systematically reviewed. The mechanisms of action of herbal medicines in treating insomnia are mainly related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing and GABA-metabolizing enzymes that influenced sleep outcomes. Overall, herbal remedies were not associated with more benefits than non-benzodiazepines, although side effects were less. The results suggest that herbs have some benefits in improving the quantity and quality of sleep and could be a promising alternative therapy. [GMJ.2019;8:e1085]
Effects of Maternal Deprivation on Anxiety, Depression, and Empathy in Male and Female Offspring of Wistar Rats in the Face of Novel Objects
Authors: Khalifeh Solmaz , Khodagholi Fariba , Moghtadaei Mehrad , Behvarmanesh Ali , Kheradmand Afshin , Ghazvini Hamed
Published: December 2023

Background: Early life stress (ELS) models such as maternal deprivation (MD) are used to inÂ¬vestigate behavioral changes in rodents under stressful situations. MD is a situation in which rat pups are separated from the dam; MD has different paradigms. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of maternal deprivation on anxiety, depression, and empathy in adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: MD was applied to pups as per specifically designed protocol to compare rats of the control group with maternal deprivation rats and also the group, which faced novel objects. Each group consisted of eight rats. In this study, separation started from postnatal day (PND) 14 for various periods up to PND 60. EPM test was undertaken to measure anxiety; moreover, FST was used to indicate levels of depression. Also, changes in the empathy ratio were also demonstrated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukeyâ€™s post hoc analysis, and t-test were applied to analyze the results. Results: MD-treated rats showed a significant decrease in anxiety and empathy indexes compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). However, MD significantly increased depression in both male and female rats (P<0.05). FinalÂ¬ly, exposure to novel objects decreased depression but did not have any effect on anxiety and empathy levels in MD rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: ELS may lead to various states of mood and behavior in adulthood. According to the findings of this study, depression increases due to MD, though both anxiety and empathy decrease in both male and female Wistar rats. Moreover, exÂ¬posure to novel objects decreases depression, while anxiety and empathy do not change signifiÂ¬cantly with exposure to novel objects. [GMJ.2019;8:e1093]
Comparison of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Honey and Spirulina platensis with Sulfasalazine and Mesalazine on Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats
Authors: Rezaei Nadia , Eftekhari Mohammad Hassan , Tanideh Nader , Mokhtari Maral , Bagheri Zahra
Published: December 2023

Â Background: Antioxidant therapy has gained attention for the treatment of ulcerative coliÂ­tis (UC). The excessive generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in the gastrointestinal tract increases oxidative stress, thereby leading to antioxidant defense depletion, lipid peroxÂ­idation, inflammation, tissue damage, and ulceration. Spirulina platensis (SP) and honey are excellent sources of potent antioxidants such as polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. We aimed to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of honey and SP in comÂ­parison with sulfasalazine (SSZ) and mesalazine on acetic acid-induced colitis (AA-colitis) in rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Sprague Dawley male rats were allocated to sevÂ­en groups, with each group comprising eight rats. UC was induced, except in normal conÂ­trols (NC). All groups received oral treatments for seven days. The normal saline solution of 2 mL was intrarectally administered to the NC group. The AA-colitis and NC groups received 2 mL acetic acid intrarectally as a single dose and 2 mL normal saline for seven consecutive days orally. The mesalazine group received 100 mg/kg mesalazine, the SSZ group 360 mg/kg SSZ, the honey or H group 1 mL honey diluted with 1 mL distilled water, the SH group 1g/kg SP and 1 mL honey, and the SP group 1g/kg SP. After clinical activity score assessment, the rats were sacrificed. Colonic weight/length ratio, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1Î² (IL-1Î²), tumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±), interleukin-6 (IL-6), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Colonic histopathological changes were observed microscopically. Results: Treatment of UC with SP, honey, and combination regimen significantly reduced TNF-Î±, IL-1Î², IL-6, MDA, MPO, NO, and PGE2, and increased TAC, GSH, GPx, and SOD in interventional groups compared to the AA-colitis group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Honey and SP might be beneficial food suppleÂ­ments for medical nutrition therapy in UC. [GMJ.2019;8:e1095]