bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal Lesions Disrupt Posterior Alpha–Gamma Coordination of Visual Working Memory Representations
Authors: Davoudi Saeideh , Parto Dezfouli Mohsen , Knight Robert T. , Daliri Mohammad Reza , Johnson Elizabeth L.
Published: March 2021

How does the human brain prioritize different visual representations in working memory (WM)? Here, we define the oscillatory mechanisms supporting selection of “where” and “when” features from visual WM storage and investigate the role of pFC in feature selection. Fourteen individuals with lateral pFC damage and 20 healthy controls performed a visuospatial WM task while EEG was recorded. On each trial, two shapes were presented sequentially in a top/bottom spatial orientation. A retro-cue presented mid-delay prompted which of the two shapes had been in either the top/bottom spatial position or first/second temporal position. We found that cross-frequency coupling between parieto-occipital alpha (α; 8–12 Hz) oscillations and topographically distributed gamma (γ; 30–50 Hz) activity tracked selection of the distinct cued feature in controls. This signature of feature selection was disrupted in patients with pFC lesions, despite intact α–γ coupling independent of feature selection. These findings reveal a pFC-dependent parieto-occipital α–γ mechanism for the rapid selection of visual WM representations.
The Prospective Sleeping Brain: Age-Related Differences in Episodic Future Thinking and Frontal Sleep Spindles
Authors: Fillmore Paul , Gao Chenlu , Diaz Jose , Scullin Michael K.
Published: March 2021

Sleep spindles are a physiological marker of off-line memory consolidation. In young adults, sleep spindles are preferentially responsive to encoded information that is tagged as having future relevance. Older adults, on the other hand, show reduced capacity for future simulation and alterations in sleep physiology. Healthy young adults (n = 38) and older adults (n = 28) completed an adaptation night, followed by two in-laboratory polysomnography nights, in which they mentally simulated future events or remembered past events, recorded via written descriptions. We quantified the degree of future/past thinking using linguistic analysis of time orientation. In young adults, greater future thinking was linked to greater spindle density, even when controlling for gender, age, and word count (rp = .370, p = .028). The opposite was true for older adults, such that greater future thinking was associated with reduced spindle density (rp = −.431, p = .031). These patterns were selective to future thinking (not observed for past thinking). The collective findings implicate an impaired interaction between future relevance tagging and sleep physiology as a mechanism by which aging compromises sleep-dependent cognitive processing.
Movement in Aesthetic Experiences: What We Can Learn from Parkinson Disease
Authors: Humphries Stacey , Rick Jacqueline , Weintraub Daniel , Chatterjee Anjan
Published: March 2021

Visual art offers cognitive neuroscience an opportunity to study how subjective value is constructed from representations supported by multiple neural systems. A surprising finding in aesthetic judgment research is the functional activation of motor areas in response to static, abstract stimuli, like paintings, which has been hypothesized to reflect embodied simulations of artists' painting movements, or preparatory approach–avoidance responses to liked and disliked artworks. However, whether this motor involvement functionally contributes to aesthetic appreciation has not been addressed. Here, we examined the aesthetic experiences of patients with motor dysfunction. Forty-three people with Parkinson disease and 40 controls made motion and aesthetics judgments of high-motion Jackson Pollock paintings and low-motion Piet Mondrian paintings. People with Parkinson disease demonstrated stable and internally consistent preferences for abstract art, but their perception of movement in the paintings was significantly lower than controls in both conditions. The patients also demonstrated enhanced preferences for high-motion art and an altered relationship between motion and aesthetic appreciation. Our results do not accord well with a straightforward embodied simulation account of aesthetic experiences, because artworks that did not include visual traces of the artist's actions were still experienced as lower in motion by Parkinson patients. We suggest that the motor system may be involved in integrating low-level visual features to form abstract representations of movement rather than simulations of specific bodily actions. Overall, we find support for hypotheses linking motor responses and aesthetic appreciation and show that altered neural functioning changes the way art is perceived and valued.
Perceptual Grouping Reveals Distinct Roles for Sustained Slow Wave Activity and Alpha Oscillations in Working Memory
Authors: Diaz Gisella K. , Vogel Edward K. , Awh Edward
Published: March 2021

Multiple neural signals have been found to track the number of items stored in working memory (WM). These signals include oscillatory activity in the alpha band and slow-wave components in human EEG, both of which vary with storage loads and predict individual differences in WM capacity. However, recent evidence suggests that these two signals play distinct roles in spatial attention and item-based storage in WM. Here, we examine the hypothesis that sustained negative voltage deflections over parieto-occipital electrodes reflect the number of individuated items in WM, whereas oscillatory activity in the alpha frequency band (8–12 Hz) within the same electrodes tracks the attended positions in the visual display. We measured EEG activity while participants stored the orientation of visual elements that were either grouped by collinearity or not. This grouping manipulation altered the number of individuated items perceived while holding constant the number of locations occupied by visual stimuli. The negative slow wave tracked the number of items stored and was reduced in amplitude in the grouped condition. By contrast, oscillatory activity in the alpha frequency band tracked the number of positions occupied by the memoranda and was unaffected by perceptual grouping. Perceptual grouping, then, reduced the number of individuated representations stored in WM as reflected by the negative slow wave, whereas the location of each element was actively maintained as indicated by alpha power. These findings contribute to the emerging idea that distinct classes of EEG signals work in concert to successfully maintain on-line representations in WM.
Probing the Neural Systems Underlying Flexible Dimensional Attention
Authors: Buss Aaron T. , Magnotta Vincent , Hazeltine Eliot , Kinder Kaleb , Spencer John P.
Published: March 2021

Flexibly shifting attention between stimulus dimensions (e.g., shape and color) is a central component of regulating cognition for goal-based behavior. In the present report, we examine the functional roles of different cortical regions by manipulating two demands on task switching that have been confounded in previous studies—shifting attention between visual dimensions and resolving conflict between stimulus–response representations. Dimensional shifting was manipulated by having participants shift attention between dimensions (either shape or color; dimension shift) or keeping the task-relevant dimension the same (dimension same). Conflict between stimulus–response representations was manipulated by creating conflict between response-driven associations from the previous set of trials and the stimulus–response mappings on the current set of trials (e.g., making a leftward response to a red stimulus during the previous task, but being required to make a rightward response to a red stimulus in the current task; stimulus–response conflict), or eliminating conflict by altering the features of the dimension relevant to the sorting rule (stimulus–response no-conflict). These manipulations revealed activation along a network of frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Specifically, dimensional shifting selectively activated frontal and parietal regions. Stimulus–response conflict, on the other hand, produced decreased activation in temporal and occipital cortices. Occipital regions demonstrated a complex pattern of activation that was sensitive to both stimulus–response conflict and dimensional attention switching. These results provide novel information regarding the distinct role that frontal cortex plays in shifting dimensional attention and posterior cortices play in resolving conflict at the stimulus level.
Bordering Processes and Pony Wildness on Assateague Island
Authors: Britton Jennifer L. , Hunold Christian
Published: March 2021

This multispecies ethnography investigates how free-roaming ponies and humans participate in the production of “pony wildness” on Assateague Island, a barrier island located off the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. The bordering practices of ponies intersect with the bordering practices of people to generate a relational conception of pony wildness that incorporates in people-pony relations a desire for intimacy with respect for autonomy, in a multifunctional landscape managed both as wilderness and as a beach tourism destination. This notion of pony wildness includes nonhuman charisma, fluidity, and managing human visitors. We conclude by discussing how the fluidity of pony wildness can help us think more imaginatively about other contexts in which communities of free-roaming nonhuman animals share space with human communities.
On Levels and Categories
Authors: Jameson Fredric R.
Published: March 2021

This article is a response by the author to the contributions to the Historical Materialism symposium on Allegory and Ideology. The reply is framed in terms of the different theoretical strategies through which the articulation of ‘Marx’ and ‘Freud’ has been carried out, namely the precarious syntheses of Freudo-Marxism, the homological method pioneered by Lucien Goldmann, and the theory of allegorical levels and transcoding explored in Allegory and Ideology. It critically engages with the openings and challenges posed by the various contributions to the symposium, focusing in particular on matters of periodisation, and concluding with a reflection on how a theory of allegorical levels can be complemented by a materialist understanding of the ‘category’.
Transposing Metaphors and Poetics from Text to World
Authors: Takacs Axel Marc Oaks
Published: March 2021

This article examines the use of Sufi lexicons (iṣṭilāḥāt) through the relatively unknown Mystical Commentary of the Love Lyrics of Ḥāƒiẓ by Abū al-Ḥasan Khatamī Lāhūrī. It resituates the iṣṭilāḥāt within the context of the philosophical-Sufi tradition, engaging theories of metaphor, imagination, poetry, and imaginaries from Ricœur, Castoriadis, Lakoff and Johnson, and Caputo. Rather than employing the iṣṭilāḥāt to produce a static correspondence between poetic terms and metaphysical realities, Lāhūrī’s theo-poetics transposes the metaphors and poetics of the poems into metaphors and poetics of this phenomenal world. This reading challenges previous criticisms of Sufi commentaries, particularly on the dīvān-i Ḥāfiẓ. The critique that the application of iṣṭilāḥāt disembodies or allegorizes the poetic images is challenged when they are interpreted within the philosophical-Sufi tradition. Contrary to literary criticisms of iṣṭilāḥāt, the poem is not merely a formal suitcase for mystical meaning; rather, poetics, the poem’s content, and theology create a nexus of interpretation for Lāhūrī.
Why Completeness and Coherence Matter for the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Letwin Jeremy
Published: March 2021

The ECtHR has been much criticised for the lack of completeness and coherence of its judgments. Many of these critiques seem to presuppose an unarticulated theory about how complete and how coherent ECtHR judgments ought to be. My aim here is to articulate such a theory, in order to provide the foundations for a more principled critique of the jurisprudence of the ECtHR. I examine the nature of completeness and coherence in adjudication, and the reasons why the ECtHR should be particularly concerned with the completeness and coherence of its judgments. I identify instances in which ECtHR judgments have not been sufficiently complete and coherent, and I conclude by considering the implications this might have for making evaluations of the Court’s judgments in terms of legitimacy, justice, and desirability.
Notes on lichenicolous Pleosporales, with two new species, Didymocyrtis azorica and Pseudopyrenidium epipertusariae (Phaeosphaeriaceae)
Authors: ETAYO J. , PINO-BODAS R.
Published: March 2021

The identity and phylogenetic placement of some lichenicolous Pleosporales were studied using morphological and molecular data. Two new species are described, Didymocyrtis azorica on Hypotrachyna rockii, from the Azores, and Pseudopyrenidium epipertusariae on Pertusaria pertusa, from Spain in oceanic montane woods, with a Phoma-like asexual state. This is the second species of Pseudopyrenidium, and the morphological similarities with P. tartaricola are discussed. In addition, Evernia prunastri is a new host for Didymocyrtis ramalinae, and Heterodea muelleri is a new host for D. cladoniicola, which is newly reported for Australia.
Three new species of Erycibe (Convolvulaceae) from Malesia
Authors: KOCHAIPHAT PHONGSAKORN , TRAIPERM PAWEENA , UTTERIDGE TIMOTHY M.A.
Published: March 2021

As part of a comprehensive review of the genus Erycibe (Convolvulaceae) in South-East Asia, three new species are described and illustrated: E. sangiheensis Kochaiph. & Utteridge sp. nov. from Sangihe Island, North Sulawesi Province in Indonesia and two from Borneo (E. trichocarpa Kochaiph. & Utteridge sp. nov. and E. brunneopilosa Kochaiph. & Utteridge sp. nov.). A distribution map, line drawings and preliminary IUCN conservation assessments are provided for all three species.
Delairea aparadensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), the first native species of the genus in the Americas

Authors: FUNEZ LUÍS A. , HASSEMER GUSTAVO , PERONI NIVALDO , DRECHSLER-SANTOS ELISANDRO R.
Published: March 2021

We describe a narrowly endemic new species of Delairea from the highlands of southern Brazil. It is the second species described in this previously monospecific genus that was endemic to Africa, and the first record of a native species of Delairea in the Americas. Delairea aparadensis differs from D. odorata by its deltoid leaves and capitulescences composed by cymes of 2–6 capitula. Additionally, the new species is classified as critically endangered using the IUCN criteria.
Development of 177Lu-DN(C19)-CXCR4 Ligand Nanosystem for Combinatorial Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Trujillo-Nolasco Maydelid , Cruz-Nova Pedro , Ferro-Flores Guillermina , Gibbens-Bandala Brenda , Morales-Avila Enrique , Aranda-Lara Liliana , Vargas Miguel , Ocampo-García Blanca
Published: March 2021

Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal and has a poor prognosis. The most common alteration during the formation of pancreatic tumors is the activation of KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog) oncogene. As a new therapeutic strategy, the C19 molecule ((2S)-N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-methylamine]propanamide)
blocks the KRAS-membrane association in cancer cells. In addition, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. In this research, a new dendrimer-based nanoradiopharmaceutical (177Lu-DN(C19)-CXCR4L) encapsulating C19 and functionalized to target CXCR4 receptors
is proposed as both, a targeted radiotherapy system (lutetium-177) and an oncotherapeutic approach by the stabilization of KRAS4b-PDESδ complex to produce dual-specific therapy in pancreatic cancer. 177The Lu-DN(C19)-CXCR4L was synthesized and characterized, C19 was
encapsulated with 81% efficiency, the final nanosystem rendered a particle size of 67 nm and the specific uptake in pancreatic cell lines was demonstrated. The major cytotoxic effect was observed in the KRAS-dependent and radioresistant cell line Mia PaCa-2, which expresses a high density
of CXCR4 receptors. The radiation dose of 3 Gy/Bq decreased viability to 7%, and this effect was attributed to the presence of C19. A synergistic effect (radio and chemotherapy) capable of reducing viability in pancreatic cancer cells through apoptotic mechanisms was demonstrated. Thus, 177Lu-DN(C19)-CXCR4L
nanoradiopharmaceutical is efficacious in pancreatic cancer cell lines overexpressing the CXCR4 receptor.
Development of Gelatin-Silk Sericin Incorporated with Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel-Based Nanocomposite for Articular Cartilage Defects in Rat Knee Joint Repair
Authors: Zhao Ji-Jun , Liu Dong-Cheng , Yu Ying-Hao , Tang Hongtao
Published: March 2021

Sericin, a silk protein, has a high potential for use as an extracellular matrix in tissue engineering applications. In this study, novel gelatin (GEL) and silk sericin (SS) were incorporated with a polyvinyl alcohol) PVA hydrogel nanocomposite (GEL-SS-PVA) scaffold that can be applied to repair cartilage. Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linking agent, with hydrochloric acid acting as an initiator. The microstructure characteristics of the obtained GEL-SS and GEL-SS-PVA scaffolds were also examined using FTIR and XRD spectra and their enhanced thermal stability was assessed by TGA. The blended GEL-SS and GEL-SS-PVA scaffolds were confirmed by SEM analysis to be highly porous with optimum pore sizes of 172 and 58µm, respectively. Smaller pore sizes and improved uniformity were observed as the concentration of PVA in the GEL-SS-PVA scaffold increased. PVA decreased the tensile strength and elongation of the membranes but increased the modulus. Swelling studies showed high swellability and complete degradation in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline. Cytocompatibility of the GEL-SS-PVA scaffolds showed that these had the highest potential to promote cell proliferation as evaluated with standard microscopy using L929 fibroblasts. The prepared GEL-SS composite scaffold incorporated with the PVA hydrogel was implanted in full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rats. The repair effect of cartilage defects was observed and evaluated among the GEL-SS-PVA, GEL-SS, and control operation groups. The defects were almost completely repaired after 14 weeks in the GEL-SS-PVA group, thereby indicating that the GEL-SS-PVA composite had a favorable effect on articular cartilage defects in rat knee joint repair.
A Highly Cellular Uptake Ternary Nanocomposite Titanate Nano-Tubes/CuFe2O4/Zn–Fe Could Induce Intrinsic Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells: An Extended Study
Authors: El-Shahawy Ahmed A. G.
Published: March 2021

Our previously prepared ternary nanocomposite TNT/CuFe2O4/Zn-Fe was highly engulfed by PC-3 cells, activated cytotoxicity that was dosage and time-subordinated, and demonstrated morphological alteration, which is one of the common characteristics of apoptotic cells.
This prolonged study aimed to investigate other items. The study performed assays as Annexin V-FITC, flow cytometry, DNA ladder electrophoresis, and ROS assay for apoptosis detection, cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation, and ROS generation, respectively. In the PC-3-treated cells, the early
and late phases of apoptosis with different percentages and DNA fragmentation were determined. Besides, the PC-3 cell cycle revealed the three major cell distribution different phases of the cycle (G1, S, and G2/M), and the Sub G1, which corresponded to apoptotic cells. The results proved
the presence of ROS that triggered the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which was confirmed through a decrease in (Bcl-2), the release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9, and caspase-3. To conclude, the ternary nanocomposite TNT/CuFe2O4/Zn-Fe achieved biochemical features
alterations and could induce intrinsic apoptosis of PC-3 cells. The planned work of the current research will illuminate the arrested phase in the cell cycle through studying tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and Retinoblastoma RB, c-Myc oncogene, and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks)
as well as their regulators.
Quercetin Nanoparticle Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Triggered Renal Inflammatory Impairment by Regulation of Sirt1/NF-KB Pathway
Authors: Lu Shan , Zhou Shuai , Chen Juwu , Zheng Jian , Ren Jia , Qi Peiyi , Zhu Zhiqiang , Li Zhenzhen
Published: March 2021

As a conventional complication of sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by high incidence and mortality. Effective management methods are still lacking. Quercetin belongs to a kind of flavonoids that exerts many functions, for example anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis.
However, its function in sepsis AKI is uncertain. Our study therefore set out to assess the function of quercetin in AKI mice model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and human proximal tubular cells (HK-2), including the potential mechanisms. Quercetin was loaded onto a biodegradable polymer
carrier (nanoparticle) to enhance its bioavailability. The data showed that quercetin administration strikingly improved renal dysfunction and ameliorated tubular injury caused by LPS in mice. In mice model and in cultured cells, quercetin pretreatment obviously restrained LPS-triggered cell
apoptosis and inflammation, including generation of various cytokines. Moreover, the results from mice model and cell model showed that quercetin could diminish IκBα and p65 phosphorylation after LPS treatment. The most significant observation of this study was that
quercetin elevated the expression of Sirt1. Transfection of Sirt1 specific shRNA mitigated the suppression of quercetin on cell apoptosis, inflammation and of NF-κB activation triggered by LPS. Therefore, these sequels indicate that quercetin protects against sepsis-associated
AKI by upregulation Sirt1 expression through quenching NF-κB activation and may be an encouraging therapeutic agent for patients with sepsis-associated AKI.
Simple and rapid plaque assay for recombinant baculoviruses expressing influenza hemagglutinin
Authors: Basak Swarnendu , Kang Hae-Ji , Chu Ki-Back , Oh Judy , Quan Fu-Shi
Published: March 2021

Recombinant baculoviruses (rBVs) have been extensively used to generate virus-like particles, and baculoviruses expressing antigenic proteins have become efficient tools for inducing protective immunity. However, current methods for generating baculoviruses are costly and inefficient. Thus, the development of a simple, rapid, and accurate method of baculovirus titration is critically important. We established a method of plaque assay using an immunostaining method by which plaques can be easily visualized in Sf9 cells under a light microscope. Sf9 cells were infected with recombinant baculoviruses expressing influenza hemagglutinin surface proteins from H1N1 (A/California/04/09) or rH5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/04). The infected cells were incubated with anti-HA antibody and the plaques were visualized using the chromogen 3′3-diaminobenzidine (DAB). Plaques were observed from days 1 to 6 post-infection, and differences in Sf9 cell seeding densities resulted in variations in the final plaque quantification. Sf9 cells seeded at a concentration of 5.5 × 104 cells/well or 7.5 × 104 cells/well showed the higher plaque titers at days 3, 4, and 5 post-infection than those found at days 1, 2, and 6 post-infection. With 5.5 × 104 cells/well or 7.5 × 104 cells/well of cell concentrations, recombinant baculovirus for rBV-HA (H1N1) showed 6 × 107 pfu/ml of titer and rBVs for rBV-HA (rH5N1) showed 5.4 × 107 pfu/ml of titer. Three days of baculovirus incubation with a certain concentration of Sf9 cells seeded are required for a rapid, simple, and accurate plaque assay, which could significantly contribute to all baculovirus-related studies.
Sarcoidosis Causing Complete Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Mills Margaret K. , Sanders M. Melinda , Falcone Todd E.
Published: March 2021

Our case demonstrates the rare presentation of sinonasal sarcoidosis causing severe nasal obstruction. While the patient had a remote history of pulmonary sarcoidosis, she was in remission and had no prior history of sinonasal involvement. Sarcoidosis should be considered in a patient with nasal obstruction especially when there is a history of systemic sarcoid disease.
Correct identification of incomplete Kawasaki disease
Authors: Li Tianhua , Feng Jie , Li Na , Liu Tingting
Published: March 2021

Incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD) is characterized by a longer fever time, younger age of onset, and higher incidence of coronary artery disease compared with complete Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease is often difficult to diagnose early because of its incomplete clinical symptoms. This issue could delay treatment and harm the health of the child. This article reviews the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of IKD to help clinicians understand the symptoms of IKD, make the correct diagnosis, and provide timely treatment.
Limited Prosocial Emotions in a Clinical Population of Children and Adolescents: Proposal for Core and Ancillary Characteristics
Authors: de la Peña Francisco R. , Rosetti Marcos F. , Palacio Juan David , Palacios-Cruz Lino , Ulloa Rosa Elena
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Limited prosocial emotions (LPE) has been recently incorporated into international classifications as a specifier for conduct disorder in the DSM-5 and for all disruptive behavioural disorders in the ICD-11. The aims of the current work were to determine (a) the accuracy of each of the characteristics used to assess the LPE specifier and (b) whether the manner in which symptoms group together supports the idea of LPE having core characteristics.

Method:

Trained clinicians conducted interviews and determined LPE characteristics using responses from 74 parent/guardian and child/adolescent participants.

Results:

The distribution of LPE characteristics among those participants with LPE ( n = 13) was compared to those with only one LPE characteristic ( n = 11). The proposal of callous lack of empathy (CLE) and shallow deficient affect (SDA) as core characteristics was supported by strong associations with the presence of the LPE specifier, larger specificity, and sensitivity indices than those for unconcerned about performance and lack of remorse or guilt, as well as by a robust aggregation in a latent class analysis.

Conclusions:

CLE and SDA could be considered as core characteristics of LPE in children and adolescents.
The Development and Prototype Feedback of Digital Cancer 101 Videos to Enhance Cancer Education for Marginalized Communities With Limited Health Literacy
Authors: Valera Pamela , Acuna Nicholas , Alzate-Duque Luis , Liang Laura E. , Cupertino Paula , Merulla Jessica
Published: March 2021

Social media, in the form of digital videos targeted to people with limited health literacy, as well as disadvantaged or marginalized groups, may help reduce cancer health disparities and improve health outcomes in these populations. In this article, we document the process of adapting the content from the Cancer 101 curriculum to create animated scripts about the cancer care continuum that is clear, straightforward, and in plain language. The development of the Cancer 101 digital videos required a multidisciplinary collaboration from—public health, medicine, technology, and expertise in correctional health, smoking cessation, web development, video producers, and individuals directly impacted by cancer disparities. The Cancer 101 videos were showcased at a community health fair where the videos were viewed by attendants waiting to be seen by a medical provider. While waiting for their cancer screening, 13 individuals were selected and invited to watch all 11 videos totaling less than 60-minutes of viewing time. They included 3 Latina women, 2 Latino men, and 8 Haitian women. All participants were between the ages of 40-65 years old. Overall, participants agreed that they would recommend the videos to friends/family (M = 4.77, SD = 0.44) and that they plan to watch other video modules to learn more information about cancer (M = 4.72, SD = 0.47). Additionally, participants enjoyed the graphics and audio of the videos presented (M = 4.85, SD = 0.38). Furthermore, participants noted that Cancer 101 digital videos described cancer in plain language, leading to a better understanding of the disease. Future research is needed to implement Cancer 101 digital videos in healthcare clinics to increase cancer information and improve cancer screening rates in marginalized communities.
Peripheral intravenous catheters in hospitalized patients: Practice, Dwell times, and factors impacting the dwell times: A single center retrospective study
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep , Gladfelter Taylor
Published: March 2021

Background:

Despite being the most common hospital procedure, limited information is available on the peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheter insertion practices. This study was designed to evaluate the contemporary PIV insertion practice (all age groups), and to identify the patient and device-related factors influencing the dwell times (<18 years).

Methods:

Single Center Retrospective study. Patients of all age groups admitted to the hospital for >4 midnights, from 01/2015 to 12/2019. Data extracted by automated EMR audits. Variables included patient demographics, number of PIVs inserted, PIV size, location, dwell time, and length of stay. Standard comparative analysis, including multivariable linear regression for dwell time performed for patients <18 years.

Results:

A total of 44,198 (39,341 (89%) adults and 4857 (11%) children) PIVs on unique patients met study criteria, with mean duration of 2.8 ± 2.4 days in children and 2.6 ± 1.3 days in adults ( p < 0.001). Pediatric PIV had more dwell time variation, with a higher proportion lasting <1-day and also >2 SD of the age-specific mean, compared to adults. Adults had significantly higher number of PIVs placed/week compared to children. The failure rate for PIV was 56% in children and 76% in adults ( p < 0.001). 1 out of 5 adults required >5 PIV/admission. Forty-five percent of children requiring only one PIV versus 21.8% of seniors. Discharge department, body part, and PIV size were independently associated with the dwell duration in children. No PIV size, however, had an independent increase in dwell duration over the reference of the 24 Ga cannula in children. PIVs placed in ante cubital vein and upper arm had dwell duration 26% and 20% longer than PIVs placed in the hand.

Conclusions:

The failure rate of PIV is high, and patients are subjected to multiple insertions during hospitalization. Hospital unit, body part, and PIV size are associated with the dwell duration in children.
Refugee mental health and human rights: A challenge for global mental health
Authors: Kronick Rachel , Jarvis G. Eric , Kirmayer Laurence J.
Published: March 2021

This article introduces a thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry that presents recent work that deepens our understanding of the refugee experience—from the forces of displacement, through the trajectory of migration, to the challenges of resettlement. Mental health research on refugees and asylum seekers has burgeoned over the past two decades with epidemiological studies, accounts of the lived experience, new conceptual frameworks, and advances in understanding of effective treatment and intervention. However, there are substantial gaps in available research, and important ethical and methodological challenges. These include: the need to adopt decolonizing, participatory methods that amplify refugee voices; the further development of frameworks for studying the broad impacts of forced migration that go beyond posttraumatic stress disorder; and more translational research informed by longitudinal studies of the course of refugee adaptation. Keeping a human rights advocacy perspective front and center will allow researchers to work in collaborative ways with both refugee communities and receiving societies to develop innovative mental health policy and practice to meet the urgent need for a global response to the challenge of forced migration, which is likely to grow dramatically in the coming years as a result of the impacts of climate change.
National identity exploration attenuates the identification–prejudice link
Authors: Spiegler Olivia , Christ Oliver , Verkuyten Maykel
Published: March 2021

Social identity exploration is a process whereby individuals actively seek information about their group membership and show efforts to understand its meaning. Developmental theory argues that exploration-based ingroup commitment is the basis for outgroup positivity. We tested this notion in relation to national identity and attitudes towards immigrants. The results of five experimental studies among German adolescents and early adults ( N = 1,146; 16–25 years) and one internal meta-analysis suggest that the positive identification–prejudice link is weaker when participants are instructed to explore the meaning of their identity (Study 1). This is not mediated via self-uncertainty (Study 2), but via a reduction in intergroup threat (Study 3) and an increase in deprovincialization (Study 4). In addition, identity exploration enabled strong identifiers to oppose descriptive ingroup norms (Study 5). We conclude that identity exploration can contribute to a further understanding of the identification–prejudice link.
Women with COPD from biomass smoke have reduced serum levels of biomarkers of angiogenesis and cancer, with EGFR predominating, compared to women with COPD from smoking
Authors: Montaño Martha , Pérez-Bautista Oliver , Velasco-Torres Yadira , González-Ávila Georgina , Ramos Carlos
Published: March 2021

The main causes of COPD are smoking (COPD-TS) and exposure to biomass smoke (COPD-BS), considered as different phenotypes. The association of COPD-TS with lung cancer (LC) is well established, but not in COPD-BS. Thus, we studied the serum concentration of cytokines that participate in inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor progression, used frequently as LC biomarkers, in women with COPD-BS compared with COPD-TS (n = 70). Clinical and physiological characteristics and the serum concentration (multiplex immunoassay) of 16 cytokines were evaluated. The analysis revealed that women with COPD-BS were shorter and older, and had lower concentrations of 12 serum cytokines: 6 proinflammatory and angiogenic IL-6Rα, PECAM-1, leptin, osteopontin, prolactin, and follistatin; and 6 that participate in angiogenesis and in tumor progression FGF-2, HGF, sVEGFR-2, sHER2/neu, sTIE-2, G-CSF, and SCF. Notably, there was a significant increase in sEGFR in women with COPD-BS compared to women with COPD-TS. PDGF-AA/BB and sTIE-2 did not change. These findings suggest that women with COPD-BS have markedly decreased proinflammatory, angiogenic, and tumor progression potential, compared to women with COPD-TS, with sEGFR as the predominant mediator, which might reflect a differential pattern of inflammation in women exposed to BS, favoring the development of chronic bronchitis.
Abusive Supervision and Employee Empowerment: The Moderating Role of Resilience and Workplace Friendship
Authors: Arshad Ayesha , Sun Peter Y. T. , Desmarais Fabrice
Published: March 2021

Several studies have explored why employees leave their organization in the face of abusive supervision. However, there is a lack of research on what makes employees continue with employment despite being affected by abusive supervision. This study responds to the calls made to analyze multiple mechanisms that employees use to cope with abusive supervision. It addresses this gap by examining employees’ psychological and social resources that can mitigate the effects of abusive supervision. We specifically consider employee psychological and structural empowerment, as well as resilience and workplace friendship. This is a time-lagged study using a sample of 146 postgraduate students who have a minimum of 2 years of work experience. Utilizing the tenets of conservation of resources theory, we find that damage to psychological empowerment plays a significant role in diminishing the work engagement and creativity of employees, as compared to structural empowerment. We also find that workplace friendship plays a significant role in weakening the damaging effects of abusive supervision on structural empowerment. Future studies should consider other psychological and social mechanisms that can mitigate the effects of abusive supervision. Moreover, organizations should work toward developing a culture of sharing and support between coworkers.
The three-dimensional shape symmetry of the lunate and its implications
Authors: Tümer Nazlı , Hiemstra Olivier , Schreurs Yvonne , Kraan Gerald A. , van der Stok Johan , Zadpoor Amir A.
Published: March 2021

We studied the three-dimensional (3-D) shape variations and symmetry of the lunate to evaluate whether a contralateral shape-based approach to design patient-specific implants for treatment of Kienböck’s disease is accurate. A 3-D statistical shape model of the lunate was built using the computed tomography scans of 54 lunate pairs and shape symmetry was evaluated based on an intraclass correlation analysis. The lunate shape was not bilaterally symmetrical in (1) the angle scaphoid surface – radius-ulna surface, (2) the dorsal side and the length of the side adjacent to the triquetrum, (3) the orientation of the volar surface, (4) the width of the side adjacent to the scaphoid, (5) the skewness in the coronal plane and (6) the curvature of bone articulating with the hamate and capitate. These findings suggest that using the contralateral lunate to design patient-specific lunate implants may not be as accurate as it is intended.
Instagram and Spine Fusion: An Analysis of Social Media and Its Relationship to Patient Perception of Surgery
Authors: Rizkalla James M. , Holderread Brendan , Hotchkiss William , Clavenna Andrew , Dossett Andrew , Ogola Gerald , Syed Ishaq
Published: March 2021

Study Design:

Cross sectional study.

Objectives:

To analyze posts shared on Instagram referencing spinal fusion for tone, gender, activities of daily living (ADLs), rehabilitation, incision, pain, neurological injury, and content of post.

Methods:

Public instragram posts, which were isolated and evaluated using the hashtags “#spinefusion” and “#spinalfusion.” All posts were analyzed by the authors for the variables previously listed. In total, 264 posts were included for investigation and analysis of patient perception of spine fusion through social media.

Results:

Of all included posts, approximately 86% of posts had a positive tone. There was statistical significance between positive tone and activities of daily living (ADLs) ( P = 0.047), as well as negative tone and persistent pain ( P = 0.008). Adequate return to activities of daily living is perceived by patients as a positive outcome after surgery: odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of 2.11 (1.01-4.39). Persistent post operative pain results negatively on perceived outcomes after surgery OR = 0.38 (0.18-0.78).

Conclusions:

Reported outcomes after spine fusion has not been evaluated through social media avenues. This analysis of patients sharing their experience on social media after spinal fusion demonstrates that returning to activities of daily living is of the utmost importance to patients. Additionally, post-operative pain is a strong metric utilized by patients with their satisfaction after surgery.
CSR and corporate taxes: Substitutes or complements?
Authors: Timbate Lukas
Published: March 2021

There is a debate in academia and the business world on whether tax payments should be considered part of firms’ social responsibility. Existing literature provides conflicting evidence on the relationship between corporate tax payments and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Borrowing a concept from a behavioral theory of the firm (BTOF), this study attempts to present a more refined model on the relationship between the two. The results in this study reveal that as firms’ performance rises further above their aspiration level, they are less likely to show better CSR performances and are also less likely to avoid taxes. Firms performing just above their aspiration level show higher CSR performances and firms performing nearby (both below and above) their aspiration level avoid more taxes. In conclusion, firms’ CSR and tax payment decisions are related to the desire to meet or beat an aspiration level or sustain competitive advantage than being ethical or unethical.

JEL CLASSIFICATION M14; H26
Three-dimensional textural investigation of sulfide mineralisation from the Loolekop carbonatite–phoscorite polyphase intrusion in the Phalaborwa Igneous Complex (South Africa), with implications for ore-forming processes
Authors: Le Bras Loic Y. , Bolhar Robert , Bam Lunga , Guy Bradley M. , Bybee Grant M. , Nex Paul A.M.
Published: March 2021

Copper-sulfides within carbonatites and phoscorites of the Phalaborwa Igneous Complex, South Africa, have been investigated since the middle of the 20th Century. However, aspects of ore formation have remained unclear. This study examines the mechanisms involved in Cu-sulfide mineralisation by micro-focus X-ray computed tomography as applied to sulfide-rich drill core samples. Several texturally distinct assemblages of magmatic sulfides can be identified, including: (1) <500 μm rounded bornite and chalcopyrite grains disseminated within the gangue; (2) elongated mm-scale assemblages of chalcopyrite and bornite; and (3) mm-to-cm thick chalcopyrite cumulates. Chalcopyrite veins were also observed, as well as late-stage valleriite, documenting late-stage fluid circulation within the pipe, and alteration of magmatic and hydrothermal sulfides along fractures within the gangue, respectively. The results of micro-focus X-ray computed tomography indicate that magmatic sulfides are sub-vertically aligned. Spatial variability of the sulfide assemblages suggests that textural changes within sulfide layers reflect fluctuating magma flow rate during emplacement of carbonatite–phoscorite magmas, through coalescence or breakup of sulfide liquid droplets during ascent. Modal sulfide abundances, especially for disseminated assemblages, differ from one carbonatite–phoscorite layer to another, suggesting a strong control of the mechanical sorting in the formation of Cu-sulfide textures within the Loolekop carbonatite. The alternation of carbonatite and phoscorite within the intrusion suggest that the Loolekop Pipe was emplaced through a series of successive magma pulses, which differentiated into carbonatite and phoscorite by melt immiscibility/progressive fractional crystallisation and pressure drop. Three-dimensional textural analysis represents an effective tool for the characterisation of magma flow and is useful for the understanding of magmatic processes controlling sulfide liquid-bearing phoscorite–carbonatite magmas.
Acalabrutinib in treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Byrd John C. , Woyach Jennifer A. , Furman Richard R. , Martin Peter , O’Brien Susan , Brown Jennifer R. , Stephens Deborah M. , Barrientos Jacqueline C. , Devereux Stephen , Hillmen Peter , Pagel John M. , Hamdy Ahmed , Izumi Raquel , Patel Priti , Wang Min Hui , Jain Nitin , Wierda William G.
Published: March 2021

Acalabrutinib has demonstrated significant efficacy and safety in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Efficacy and safety of acalabrutinib monotherapy were evaluated in a treatment-naive CLL cohort of a single-arm phase 1/2 trial (ACE-CL-001). Adults were eligible for enrollment if chemotherapy was declined or deemed inappropriate due to comorbidities (N = 99). Patients had a median age of 64 years and 47% had Rai stage III/IV disease. Acalabrutinib was administered orally 200 mg once daily, or 100 mg twice daily until progression or intolerance. A total of 99 patients were treated; 57 (62%) had unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene, and 12 (18%) had TP53 aberrations. After median follow-up of 53 months, 85 patients remain on treatment; 14 discontinued treatment, mostly because of adverse events (AEs) (n = 6) or disease progression (n = 3). Overall response rate was 97% (90% partial response; 7% complete response), with similar outcomes among all prognostic subgroups. Because of improved trough BTK occupancy with twice-daily dosing, all patients were transitioned to 100 mg twice daily. Median duration of response (DOR) was not reached; 48-month DOR rate was 97% (95% confidence interval, 90-99). Serious AEs were reported in 38 patients (38%). AEs required discontinuation in 6 patients (6%) because of second primary cancers (n = 4) and infection (n = 2). Grade ≥3 events of special interest included infection (15%), hypertension (11%), bleeding events (3%), and atrial fibrillation (2%). Durable efficacy and long-term safety of acalabrutinib in this trial support its use in clinical management of symptomatic, untreated patients with CLL.
Microenvironment immune reconstitution patterns correlate with outcomes after autologous transplant in multiple myeloma
Authors: Parmar Harsh , Gertz Morie , Anderson Emilie Ingrid , Kumar Shaji , Kourelis Taxiarchis V.
Published: March 2021

The immediate postautologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) period in multiple myeloma represents a unique opportunity for long-term disease control because many patients have eradicated most of their disease but also a challenge because it is characterized by the increase of immune subsets detrimental to tumor immunosurveillance. The impact of the tumor immune microenvironment (iTME) in post-ASCT outcomes is not known. In this study, we included 58 patients undergoing upfront ASCT and evaluated their cellular and humoral iTME with cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) and luminex, respectively, at day +60 to 100 post-ASCT. We identified 2 cellular iTME patterns. Group 1 was enriched in T-cell subsets at the opposite ends of the spectrum of T-cell differentiation compared with the rest of the patients, that is, cells already terminally differentiated (immune senescent or exhausted) and naive T cells. This group had worse hematologic responses post-ASCT, inferior survival, and shorter time to hematologic progression independent of established risk factors. No differences in the humoral iTME were noted between the 2 groups. In addition, no differences in the cellular/humoral iTME were noted according to high-risk fluorescence in situ hybridization status, early or late relapse. Finally, males had higher levels of natural killer cells negative for CD16, a key receptor mediating antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, a major mechanism of antitumor efficacy by therapeutic antibodies such as elotuzumab. Our findings suggest that T-cell iTME dysfunction post-ASCT, some of which could be reversible (exhaustion), correlates with worse outcomes. These results could be used to guide rational selection of post-ASCT maintenance/consolidation approaches in these patients.
Precocious clonal hematopoiesis in Down syndrome is accompanied by immune dysregulation
Authors: Liggett L. Alexander , Galbraith Matthew D. , Smith Keith P. , Sullivan Kelly D. , Granrath Ross E. , Enriquez-Estrada Belinda , Kinning Kohl T. , Shaw Jessica R. , Rachubinski Angela L. , Espinosa Joaquin M. , DeGregori James
Published: March 2021

Key Points

Children with Down syndrome develop early signs of clonal evolution that resemble traditional clonal hematopoiesis. Children with trisomy 21 who exhibit clonal hematopoiesis display cytokine and gene expression profiles indicative of disrupted immunity.