bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additional information gained by positron emission tomography with 68Ga-DOTATOC for suspected unknown primary or recurrent neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Nakamoto Yuji , Sano Kohei , Ishimori Takayoshi , Ueda Masashi , Temma Takashi , Saji Hideo , Togashi Kaori
Published: April 2015

Objective

Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using 68Ga-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid-d-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC) has been used to detect neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of DOTATOC-PET/CT for detecting clinically suspected NETs when conventional imaging modalities were negative or inconclusive, in terms of additional value.

Methods

A total of 46 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 14 patients underwent a DOTATOC-PET/CT scan for detecting unknown primary tumors after histopathological confirmation of a NET at metastatic sites (group A): 7 patients for detecting metastasis or recurrence after surgery for NET because of their high hormone levels but with no recurrence detected by other imaging modalities (group B); the remaining 25 patients for detecting suspected NETs because their hormone levels were high with no history of histopathologically proven NET (group C). Additional information was assessed, according to each situation.

Results

In group A, unknown primary tumors were suspected by DOTATOC-PET/CT in 8 of 14 patients (gastrointestinal/pancreatic NET in 7 patients, prostatic cancer in 1 patient), but prostatic cancer was not confirmed by histopathology (i.e., false positive). In group B, DOTATOC-PET/CT depicted lesions in six of seven patients, including nodal metastasis (n = 5) and liver metastasis (n = 1). In group C, DOTATOC-PET/CT did not demonstrate any abnormal foci except in one case of pancreatic NET. Additional information was obtained in 50, 86, and 4 % of cases, in groups A, B, and C, respectively.

Conclusions

DOTATOC-PET/CT was useful for detecting NETs, especially when recurrence or metastases were suspected because of high hormone levels after surgery for a NET. It is unlikely, however, that additional information can be acquired in patients with no history of NET simply based on high hormone levels.
Hepatic cystic metastatic tumors from a locally controlled nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Kai‐Wen , Chen Hsuan‐Wei , Ou Tzu‐Ming , Tsai Wen‐Chiuan , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan
Published: April 2015

Liver cystic neoplasms are uncommon and vary from benign to overtly malignant. Liver cystic metastases are rare and mostly come from colon, pancreas, ovary, kidney, neuroendocrine, and prostate cancer. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with liver cystic metastasis has only been reported once. Here, we report a 52‐year‐old man with liver cystic metastasis from locally cured NPC. The patient received concurrent chemoradiotherapy for NPC 4 years ago and presented with a 6‐month history of upper abdominal fullness and pain. No evidence of local recurrence of NPC was found at his regular follow‐up examinations after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging showed a large, well‐defined, lobulated cystic lesion with poor contrast enhancement occupying both lobes of the liver. Hepatic cystic metastasis was suspected. Ultrasound‐guided liver tumor biopsy was performed. Histological examinations disclosed a pattern of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with focal sarcomatoid differentiation based on the P40 immunohistochemical stain. In situ hybridization for Epstein–Barr virus early RNAs confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic NPC. It is difficult to make a diagnosis in liver cystic neoplasms, especially from a rarely reported origin. In our case, we used clinical history and Epstein–Barr virus early RNAs as a specific marker to make an accurate diagnosis.
Daily life stress reactivity in remitted versus non-remitted depressed individuals
Authors: van Winkel M. , Nicolson N.A. , Wichers M. , Viechtbauer W. , Myin-Germeys I. , Peeters F.
Published: April 2015

Background:

Little is known about how daily life mood reactivity to minor stressors (stress reactivity) might change following major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment. We investigate whether (i) mood states and appraisals of daily stressors change after treatment; (ii) stress reactivity to event, activity, or social stress differs; (iii) stress reactivity depends on severity of residual depressive symptoms; and (iv) stress reactivity in individuals with remitted or non-remitted depression differ from that of never-depressed individuals.

Methods:

Thirty depressed individuals participated in an experience sampling study before and after a treatment period of 18 months; 39 healthy individuals formed a comparison group. Reactivity of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) to daily stressors were measured.

Results:

More residual symptoms were associated with larger NA responses to stress. Compared to healthy controls, participants with non-remitted MDD showed higher NA-reactivity to all stressors. In contrast, stress reactivity to event and activity stressors was normalized in remitted patients. However, they still showed heightened NA-reactivity to social stress.

Conclusions:

Greater stress reactivity to event and activity stress appears to be state-dependent. The heightened social stress reactivity in remitted patients suggests that sensitivity to social stress may reflect an underlying vulnerability in MDD.
Snail‐mediated Cripto‐1 repression regulates the cell cycle and epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐related gene expression
Authors: Pilli Vijaya S. , Gupta K. , Kotha Bhanu P. , Aradhyam Gopala Krishna
Published: April 2015

Transcription factor Snail mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT) by coordinate repression of epithelial markers, facilitating mass cell movement during germ layer formation. Aberrant reprogramming in its signaling pathways causes metastatic cancer. Snail's involvement in “fate‐changing” decisions is however not understood. Cripto‐1 shares a common temporal expression pattern with Snail during development. While Cripto‐1 is required for mammary morphogenesis and hematopoietic stem cell renewal, its unregulated expression causes metastatic cancers. Therefore, we suspected that Snail regulates the expression of Cripto‐1 controlling decisions such as motility, transformation and differentiation. We demonstrate that Snail represses Cripto‐1 gene by direct transcriptional interaction and propose a novel mechanism by which it co‐ordinately regulates cell fate decisions during development and could be causal of cancers.
Standalone cohesin as a molecular shuttle in cellulosome assembly
Authors: Voronov-Goldman Milana , Yaniv Oren , Gul Ozgur , Yoffe Hagar , Salama-Alber Orly , Slutzki Michal , Levy-Assaraf Maly , Jindou Sadanari , Shimon Linda J.W. , Borovok Ilya , Bayer Edward A. , Lamed Raphael , Frolow Felix
Published: April 2015

The cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens of the herbivore rumen produces an elaborate cellulosome system, anchored to the bacterial cell wall via the covalently bound scaffoldin ScaE. Dockerin‐bearing scaffoldins also bind to an autonomous cohesin of unknown function, called cohesin G (CohG). Here, we demonstrate that CohG binds to the scaffoldin‐borne dockerin in opposite orientation on a distinct site, relative to that of ScaE. Based on these structural data, we propose that the complexed dockerin is still available to bind ScaE on the cell surface. CohG may thus serve as a molecular shuttle for delivery of scaffoldins to the bacterial cell surface.
Women's right to health and Ireland's abortion laws
Authors: Taylor Maeve
Published: April 2015

The provision of the Irish Constitution that guarantees “the unborn” a right to life equal to that of a pregnant woman has consequences for access to abortion and the care of women in pregnancy generally. Long‐awaited legislation to give effect to the narrow constitutional right to abortion was enacted into law in 2013. In 2014, a guidance document for health professionals’ implementation of the legislation was published. However, the legislation and guidance document fall far short of international human rights bodies’ recommendations: they fail to deliver effective procedural rights to all of the women eligible for lawful abortion within the state and create new legal barriers to women's reproductive rights. At the same time, cases continue to highlight that the Irish Constitution imposes an unethical and rights‐violating legal regime in non‐abortion‐related contexts. Recent developments suggest that both the failure to put guidelines in place and the development of guidelines that are not centered on women or based on rights further reduce women's access to rights and set unacceptable limitations on women's reproductive autonomy. Nevertheless, public and parliamentary scrutiny of cases involving Ireland's abortion laws is increasingly focusing on the need for reform.
A competitive advantage from the implementation timing of ISO management standards
Authors: Su Hung‐Chung , Dhanorkar Suvrat , Linderman Kevin
Published: April 2015

With the rise of globalization, firms increasingly implement management standards developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to assure they can meet their customers’ expectations. ISO management standards reduce performance variability among suppliers and promote global trade. However, ISO standards also promote a certain degree of commonality or isomorphism between firms. If the very notion of ‘standards’ encourages a certain level of commonality between firms, then how can firms achieve a competitive advantage from implementing ISO standards? This research argues that thetimingof when a firm implements an ISO standard relative to their rivals has strategic benefits. Drawing on the competitive dynamics literature we argue that firms can achieve an early mover advantage when implementing ISO 14001. However, an early mover advantage depends on the level of a firm's absorptive capacity (prior experience with ISO 9001) and the competitive intensity of their industry. This study uses longitudinal data from firms that implemented ISO 14001 at varying points in time to examine the benefits of an early mover advantage. More broadly, this research sheds light onwhenfirms benefit the most from implementing new management standards. The results provide insights into implementing other emerging management standards.
Paradoxes of stratigraphy
Authors: Chernykh V.V.
Published: April 2015

Some contradictory propositions and concepts of the theory and practice of stratigraphy regarded as paradoxes are discussed. Attention is paid to the fundamental impossibility to associate the wide geographic distribution of a group of organisms with a high rate of speciation of these organisms. However, it is this feature that is commonly used as the basis for determining orthostratigrafic groups of fossil organisms. The dualism of time in stratigraphy, which led to the emergence of chronostratigraphy and the GSSP concept, is considered. The incompatibility of chronological and chronometric datings in stratigraphy is proved. Finally, the paradox of the smallest chronological unit is examined, which is related to the existence of not one but several smallest units (zones) in zonal chronology.
The Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in northern Siberia and Boreal–Tethyan correlation of the boundary beds
Authors: Shurygin B.N. , Dzyuba O.S.
Published: April 2015

There is no international consensus regarding the GSSP for the Berriasian, the basal stage of the Cretaceous System. Any of the events discussed by the international expert community can be regarded as a marker of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary: a phylogenetic change of taxa, paleomagnetic reversal, or isotopic excursion. However, the problem of identification of this level in Boreal sections can be solved only using a combination of data obtained by paleontological and nonpaleontological methods of stratigraphy (bio-, chemo-, magnetostratigraphy, etc.). With any of the accepted markers, the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in Siberian sections will be within the upper part of the regional Bazhenovo Horizon. The least interval of the uncertainty of the position of this boundary in Siberian sections will be ensured by the selection of one of two markers: biostratigraphic (base of the Pseudosubplanites grandis Subzone) or magnetostratigraphic (base of the M18r magnetozone).
High-resolution stratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic section (Laptev Sea coast)
Authors: Nikitenko B.L. , Knyazev V.G. , Peshchevitskaya E.B. , Glinskikh L.A. , Kutygin R.V. , Alifirov A.S.
Published: April 2015

Jurassic strata are widespread through Arctic Siberia and host oil and gas fields. However, in most cases, the geology of such vast areas still remains unexplored, and study of the Jurassic stratigraphy and reconstructions of geologic history are possible only through analysis of sediment cores. In this connection, there is a clear need for detailed studies of microfaunas (foraminifera, ostracods) and palynomorphs (dinocysts, spores, and pollen). The studied reference section of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous is located on the left side of Anabar Bay of the Laptev Sea (Nordvik Peninsula, Cape Urdyuk-Khaya). An uninterrupted and continuous section from the Upper Oxfordian to the Lower Valanginian is exposed in coastal cliffs and consists mainly of silty clay deposits with abundant macro- and microfossils. Integrated field studies (biostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, sedimentology) allow a more detailed characterization of the regional geologic framework. A detailed subdivision of the section is based on the systematic composition of ammonites from Upper Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian deposits. Several foraminiferal zones of the Upper Oxfordian and Lower Volgian are defined, and some of them are denfined for the first time. The distribution of ostracods in the section is analyzed for the first time. The section is also studied using palynological analysis, that results in its detailed subdivision on palynological data and recognition of two sequences of palynostratigraphic units. The integrated stratigraphy is used to establish the precise position of stage and substage boundaries. The continuity of the section is defined based on micropaleontological and palynological data.
The Quaternary System/Period and its major subdivisions
Authors: Gibbard P.L.
Published: April 2015

The Quaternary System/Period represents the past 2.58 million years and is officially subdivided into the Pleistocene and Holocene series/epochs, with the base of the Holocene assigned an age of 11,700 calendar years before AD 2000. The two lowest stages of the Pleistocene, the Gelasian (base 2.58 Ma) and the Calabrian (base 1.80 Ma), have been officially defined and these effectively constitute the Lower Pleistocene Subseries/Subepoch. The Middle and Upper Pleistocene have yet to be formally defined, representing an important future challenge, along with the subdivision of the Holocene, consideration of the ‘Anthropocene’, and fine-scale subdivision elsewhere within the Quaternary.
Duration of the first biozone in the Siberian hypostratotype of the Vendian
Authors: Rogov V.I. , Karlova G.A. , Marusin V.V. , Kochnev B.B. , Nagovitsin K.E. , Grazhdankin D.V.
Published: April 2015

The first biozone (Anabarites trisulcatus Assemblage Zone) in the Siberian hypostratotype of the Vendian (northwestern slope of the Olenek Uplift) is represented by the Turkut Formation of the Khorbusuonka Group and most of the Syhargalakh Formation of the Kessyusa Group. The lower part of the Kessyusa Group in some of the sections includes stratiform breccia coeval with the middle part of the Syhargalakh Formation. The breccia is shown to be the alteration product of tuff breccia, which is widely distributed in the region and occurs as diatremes. A U–Pb zircon date of 543.9 ± 0.24 Ma for tuff breccia provides the best constraint on the age of the boundary between the Anabarites trisulcatus and Purella antiqua Assemblage Zones. The first appearance of small skeletal fossils Cambrotubulus decurvatus (which define the base of the Anabarites trisulcatus Assemblage Zone) is 1.4 m above the lower boundary of the Turkut Formation. Ichnofabric in the underlying Khatyspyt Formation is globally distributed in the strata 553–551 million years old, always predating the first appearance of small skeletal fossils of the Anabarites trisulcatus Assemblage Zone. The base of the Anabarites trisulcatus Assemblage Zone is therefore younger than 553–551 Ma, whereas the duration of the assemblage zone does not exceed six million years.
Merging of a row of plumes or jets with an application to plume rise in a channel
Authors: Rooney G. G.
Published: April 2015

The physical interpretation of velocity potential is used to propose a model of the mean flow boundary of a row of plumes or jets. Generalised plume equations incorporating the plume area and net entrainment are closed with an entrainment assumption. The resulting model is shown to approach the appropriate limiting similarity solutions above and below the merging height in an unstratified environment. The virtual origin of the far-field flow is hence predicted. An application to plume rise in channels of varying aspect ratio shows that the model may be used to predict the depth of the outflow along the channel.
Generation of nonlinear Marangoni waves in a two-layer film by heating modulation
Authors: Nepomnyashchy Alexander , Simanovskii Ilya
Published: April 2015

Longwave Marangoni convection in two-layer films under the action of heating modulation is considered. The analysis is carried out in the lubrication approximation. The capillary forces are assumed to be sufficiently strong, and they are taken into account. Periodic or symmetric boundary conditions are applied on the boundaries of the computational region. Numerical simulations are performed by means of a finite-difference method. Two regions of parametric instabilities have been found. In the first region, one observes the competition or coexistence of standing waves parallel to the boundaries of the computational region. The multistability of the flow regimes is revealed. In the second region, the regimes found in the case of periodic boundary conditions are more diverse than in the case of symmetric boundary conditions.
Relationship-Focused Coping Patterns of Japanese Child-Rearing Couples
Authors: Kurosawa Tai , Kato Michiyo , Kamiya Tetsuji
Published: April 2015

This study elucidated the relationship-focused coping patterns of Japanese child-rearing couples. Participants were 101 Japanese couples with at least one pre-school child who was attending one of four daycare centres. Questionnaires included a Japanese version of the relationship-focused coping questionnaire, the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Cluster analysis revealed three relationship-focused coping patterns: ‘wife escapes/husband combines’, ‘mutual active relationship maintenance couples’, and ‘wife engages/husband combines’. Our study showed that relationship-focused coping has multidimensional aspects within couples. Furthermore, mutual active relationship maintenance after marital conflict within couples is important for their marital satisfaction.
Endothelial function, arterial stiffness and adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Sauder Katherine A. , Proctor David N. , Chow Mosuk , Troy Lisa M. , Wang Na , Vita Joseph A. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Mitchell Gary F. , Jacques Paul F. , Hamburg Naomi M. , West Sheila G.
Published: April 2015

Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are early predictors of CVD. Intervention studies have suggested that diet is related to vascular health, but most prior studies have tested individual foods or nutrients and relied on small samples of younger adults. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and vascular health in a large cross-sectional analysis. In 5887 adults in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Third Generation cohorts, diet quality was quantified with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index (DGAI-2010). Endothelial function was assessed via brachial artery ultrasound and arterial stiffness via arterial tonometry. In age-, sex- and cohort-adjusted analyses, a higher DGAI-2010 score (greater adherence) was modestly associated with a lower resting flow velocity, hyperaemic response, mean arterial pressure, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index, but not associated with resting arterial diameter or flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In multivariable models adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, only the association of a higher DGAI-2010 score with a lower baseline flow velocity and augmentation index persisted (β = − 0·002,P= 0·003 and β = − 0·05 ± 0·02,P< 0·001, respectively). Age-stratified multivariate-adjusted analyses suggested that the relationship of higher DGAI-2010 scores with lower mean arterial pressure, PWV and augmentation index was more pronounced among adults younger than 50 years. Better adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, particularly in younger adults, is associated with a lower peripheral blood flow velocity and arterial wave reflection, but not FMD. The present results suggest a link between adherence to the Dietary Guidelines and favourable vascular health.
Hydroxytyrosol improves mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress in the brain ofdb/dbmice: role of AMP-activated protein kinase activation
Authors: Zheng Adi , Li Hao , Xu Jie , Cao Ke , Li Hua , Pu Wenjun , Yang Ziqi , Peng Yunhua , Long Jiangang , Liu Jiankang , Feng Zhihui
Published: April 2015

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a major polyphenolic compound found in olive oil with reported anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the neuroprotective effect of HT on type 2 diabetes remains unknown. In the present study,db/dbmice and SH-SY-5Y neuroblastoma cells were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of HT. After 8 weeks of HT administration at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg, expression levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I/II/IV and the activity of complex I were significantly elevated in the brain ofdb/dbmice. Likewise, targets of the antioxidative transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 including p62 (sequestosome-1), haeme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutases 1 and 2 increased, and protein oxidation significantly decreased. HT treatment was also found to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 and PPARγ coactivator-1α, which constitute an energy-sensing protein network known to regulate mitochondrial function and oxidative stress responses. Meanwhile, neuronal survival indicated by neuron marker expression levels including activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein,N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and nerve growth factor was significantly improved by HT administration. Additionally, in a high glucose-induced neuronal cell damage model, HT effectively increased mitochondrial complex IV and HO-1 expression through activating AMPK pathway, followed by the prevention of high glucose-induced production of reactive oxygen species and declines of cell viability and VO2capacity. Our observations suggest that HT improves mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress potentially through activation of the AMPK pathway in the brain ofdb/dbmice.
Exploring cryptic diversity in publicly available strains of the model diatomThalassiosira pseudonana(Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: Rad-Menéndez Cecilia , Stanley Michele , Green David H. , Cox Eileen J. , Day John G.
Published: April 2015

The model diatomThalassiosira pseudonanais believed to be a single species with a global distribution, but it has not been confirmed previously whether isolates from different environmental and geographic origins are genotypically and phenotypically identical. In the present study, a polyphasic approach was employed to characterize nine clonal isolates, plus an additional replicate of one of the isolates, of the diatomT. pseudonanafrom culture collections to investigate whether there was any cryptic speciation in the publicly available strains of this species. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy concluded that the strains were indistinguishable. Furthermore, conventional DNA barcoding genes (SSU rDNA, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA and rbcL), revealed no nucleotide variation among the strains tested. On employing a whole genome fingerprinting technique, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), three clusters were revealed, although the level of variation between the clusters was surprisingly low. These findings indicate a low level of diversity among these culturedT. pseudonanastrains, despite their wide spatial and temporal distribution and the salinity range of their original habitats. Based on the limited number of available strains, this suggests thatT. pseudonanais a highly conserved diatom that nevertheless has an ability to tolerate wide ranges of salinity and populate varied geographic locations.
Lipid composition in response to temperature changes in blue musselsMytilus edulisL. from the White Sea
Authors: Fokina N.N. , Ruokolainen T.R. , Bakhmet I.N. , Nemova N.N.
Published: April 2015

Alterations of membrane lipid composition (cholesterol, phospholipids and their fatty acids) in response to various temperature changes were studied in blue musselsMytilus edulisL. from the White Sea. Lipid composition changes after acute temperature stress, especially a temperature drop, included a significant reduction of the membrane phospholipid content directly (1 h) after return to the initial temperature, which was presumably a consequence of a non-specific stress reaction in the mussels. A longer recovery period (24 h) as well as long-term temperature acclimation (14 days) induced changes in gill fatty acid composition (for instance, a rise in phospholipid unsaturated fatty acids under low temperature impact), indicating ‘homeoviscous adaptation’ to maintain the membranes in response to temperature fluctuations. Moreover, the gill cholesterol level in mussels varied especially at long-term temperature exposure.
PANTONALITY GENERALISED: BEN JOHNSTON'S ARTISTIC RESEARCHES IN EXTENDED JUST INTONATION
Authors: Sabat Marc
Published: April 2015

This article explores the use of innovatory tonal relations in the music of the American composer Ben Johnston (b. 1926). Johnston's use of a microtonal tuning system employing scales and intervals in extended just intonation is described, and passages from several of his compositions (especially String Quartets nos 2 and 5) are analysed to show the use of these pitch resources in practice. The article also situates Johnston's contribution in the context of older theories of harmony and the mechanics of pitch perception.
Philip Glass The Trial, Aberystwyth Arts Centre
Authors: Power Stephanie
Published: April 2015

Philip Glass is so prolific a composer that it is tempting to wonder whether he has become entrapped by his trademark restlessly repeating patterns. At the age of 77, there is no diminution of his prodigious energy; The Trial brings his tally of operas to some 30 since he first shot to fame – or notoriety – with Einstein on the Beach in 1976. Glass is, in effect, an iconoclast-turned-icon, and he is now by far the most performed contemporary composer of opera on the planet.
Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival: 21–23 November 2014
Authors: Hammond Matthew
Published: April 2015

hcmf// 2014 kicked off with a typically tough and knotty concert from Petr Kotik's chamber orchestra Ostravská banda, who performed a collection of UK premieres for small ensemble by Christian Wolff, three Czech composers and another American. The concert was billed as a tribute to Wolff, who was in attendance and who celebrates his eightieth birthday this year, and this acknowledgement of his status as one of the few remaining high modernists allowed the festival to begin with a celebration of the music with which it has been most closely associated. First up was Wolff's 37 Haiku, a setting of a poem (or 37 poems) by John Ashbery, sung by Thomas Buckner with an accompanying ensemble of oboe, horn, viola and cello. Like the poems, Wolff's settings are self-contained but accumulative, and, as the composer says in the programme notes, the ‘may form’ a whole. Variety is achieved through shifts within the accompanying instrumentation (some settings having none), line and fragmentation, instrumental technique, suggestions of common-practice harmony, flashes of word painting and spoken accompaniment from the instrumentalists (one haiku is spoken by the violinist, another is spoken in fragments across the ensemble). Coherence across these fragments is created simply through the presence of Wolff's mature and distinctive post-Webern sound world.
Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival: 28–30 November 2014
Authors: Kilbey Paul
Published: April 2015

Sunglasses forever raised, a slowly fading graffito of Igor Stravinsky looks out from an old wooden door into the streets of Huddersfield. This feels appropriate en route to an hcmf// event, but when coming home from a thoroughly un-Stravinskian concert at midnight, passing bars bursting with young clubbers, his harsh stare disconcerts.
Archaic and innovative Islamic prayer names around the Sahara
Authors: Souag Lameen
Published: April 2015

Berber in the Sahara and southern Morocco, and several West African languages including Soninké, Mandinka and Songhay, all refer to the five Islamic daily prayers using terms not derived from their usual Arabic names, and showing striking mutual similarities. The motivation behind these names has not hitherto been explained. An examination of Islamic sources reveals that many correspond to terms attested within Arabic from an early period but which have passed out of use elsewhere. Others, with a more limited distribution, reflect transfer from a time-keeping system widely attested among Berber-speaking oases of the northern Sahara. These results demonstrate that the variant prayer terminologies attested in theḥadithreflect popular usages that were still commonplace at the time when North Africa was conquered, and underscore the conservatism of non-Arabic Islamic religious terminology in and around the Sahara.
Stabilization of ion beam generation in a diode with self-magnetic insulation in double-pulse mode
Authors: Pushkarev A.I. , Isakova Y.I. , Khaylov I.P.
Published: April 2015

The paper presents the results of statistical studies of ion beam generation in different geometry diodes with explosive emission cathode in a mode of self-magnetic insulation. The experiments were carried out using the TEMP-4M pulsed ion beam accelerator during its operation in both unipolar pulse mode (100 ns, 250–300 kV) and bipolar-pulse mode with the first negative (300–600 ns, 100–150 kV) followed by a second positive (120 ns, 250–300 kV) pulse. It is found that the standard deviation of the total energy and energy density of the beam does not exceed 10–11%, while the same shot-to-shot variation in ion current density was found to be 20–30%. The mechanism of the energy density stabilization from pulse to pulse may be associated with the charge exchange between accelerated ions and stationary molecules and formation of accelerated neutrals. We observed a high correlation between the energy density (or total beam energy) and the duration of the first voltage pulse. We performed analysis of Blumlein statistical performance when the Blumlein was terminated with a resistive load and with a self-magnetically insulated ion diode. A characteristic feature of Blumlein operation in the double-pulse mode is an excellent reproducibility of breakdown of the preliminary spark gap, the variation in breakdown voltage is <2%. At the same time, the shot-to-shot variation in the breakdown voltage of the main spark gap in both bipolar- and unipolar pulse mode is 3–4 times higher than that for the preliminary spark gap. To improve the statistical performance of the main spark gap we used the first voltage pulse at the output of Blumlein to trigger the main spark gap. The new trigatron-type regime of the main spark gap operation showed a better reproducibility of the first pulse duration, with the time jitter not exceeding 10 ns in a set of 50 pulses.
Theoretical Research on Full Attitude Determination Using Geomagnetic Gradient Tensor
Authors: Huang Yu , Wu Lihua , Li Dequan
Published: April 2015

To solve the problem of attitude determination using magnetometers independently and uniquely, which is important for underwater vehicles, a type of full attitude determination method based on geomagnetic gradient tensor is proposed in this paper. In this method, a group of non-linear equations concerning geomagnetic gradient tensors is established, where a quaternion is selected to calculate three attitude angles of an underwater vehicle. The optimal quaternion is estimated using Newton Down-hill to optimise the object function. The detailed steps of the full attitude determination based on geomagnetic gradient tensor are given, and the effects of the initial angle error and the sensor noise on the attitude determination are investigated. Simulations show that the algorithm can identify precisely and quickly the attitudes even in the presence of larger initial angle error and sensor noise, which proves the attitude determination algorithm.
A Comparison of Marine Pilots' Planning and Manoeuvring Skills: Uncovering Mental Models to Assess Shiphandling and Explore Expertise
Authors: Orlandi Luca , Brooks Benjamin , Bowles Marcus
Published: April 2015

This paper introduces an assessment methodology that can underpin the objective measurement of shiphandling skills and permit comparative analysis of manoeuvring plans against their execution in a full mission bridge simulator. It was hypothesised that expert shiphandlers would have shown a strong consistency between the initial plan provided and the following execution. Ten marine pilots participated in the study. Their performance was evaluated across several variables using data gathered during the planning and objective measurements completed during the execution on a simulator. A significant capability to match execution against the plan was evidenced by the group of pilots. The mathematical analysis proposed represents an objective approach that can assure a valid and reliable assessment when applied across different contexts and needs such as: selection, training and certification of pilots, port development, optimisation of bridge procedures and improvement of equipment design.
A new standard of care for forensic mental health treatment: prioritizing forensic intervention
Authors: Warburton Katherine D.
Published: April 2015

Many forensic psychiatric settings serve unique populations who have, in addition to traditional psychiatric symptoms, diverse legal and criminogenic needs. A lack of clear treatment standards that address all aspects of forensic care can lead to inefficient or inappropriate interventions and contribute to institutional violence.
DIFFERENCE ALGEBRAIC RELATIONS AMONG SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Di Vizio Lucia , Hardouin Charlotte , Wibmer Michael
Published: April 2015

We extend and apply the Galois theory of linear differential equations equipped with the action of an endomorphism. The Galois groups in this Galois theory are difference algebraic groups, and we use structure theorems for these groups to characterize the possible difference algebraic relations among solutions of linear differential equations. This yields tools to show that certain special functions are difference transcendent. One of our main results is a characterization of discrete integrability of linear differential equations with almost simple usual Galois group, based on a structure theorem for the Zariski dense difference algebraic subgroups of almost simple algebraic groups, which is a schematic version, in characteristic zero, of a result due to Z. Chatzidakis, E. Hrushovski, and Y. Peterzil.
Schaeffer Receives 2014 Study of the Earth's Deep Interior Focus Group Graduate Research Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: April 2015

Andrew Schaeffer received the 2014 Study of the Earth's Deep Interior Focus Group Graduate Research Award at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, held 15–19 December in San Francisco, Calif.
Advancing Multinational Research in the Highest Mountain Regions
Authors: Joswiak Daniel , Joswiak Meri , Yao Tandong
Published: April 2015

5th Third Pole Environment Workshop; Berlin, Germany, 8–9 December 2014
Drug screen in patient cells suggests quinacrine to be repositioned for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Eriksson A , Österroos A , Hassan S , Gullbo J , Rickardson L , Jarvius M , Nygren P , Fryknäs M , Höglund M , Larsson R
Published: April 2015

To find drugs suitable for repositioning for use against leukemia, samples from patients with chronic lymphocytic, acute myeloid and lymphocytic leukemias as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were tested in response to 1266 compounds from the LOPAC1280 library (Sigma). Twenty-five compounds were defined as hits with activity in all leukemia subgroups (<50% cell survival compared with control) at 10 μM drug concentration. Only one of these compounds, quinacrine, showed low activity in normal PBMCs and was therefore selected for further preclinical evaluation. Mining the NCI-60 and the NextBio databases demonstrated leukemia sensitivity and the ability of quinacrine to reverse myeloid leukemia gene expression. Mechanistic exploration was performed using the NextBio bioinformatic software using gene expression analysis of drug exposed acute myeloid leukemia cultures (HL-60) in the database. Analysis of gene enrichment and drug correlations revealed strong connections to ribosomal biogenesis nucleoli and translation initiation. The highest drug–drug correlation was to ellipticine, a known RNA polymerase I inhibitor. These results were validated by additional gene expression analysis performed in-house. Quinacrine induced early inhibition of protein synthesis supporting these predictions. The results suggest that quinacrine have repositioning potential for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia by targeting of ribosomal biogenesis.
The coral core microbiome identifies rare bacterial taxa as ubiquitous endosymbionts
Authors: D Ainsworth Tracy , Krause Lutz , Bridge Thomas , Torda Gergely , Raina Jean-Baptise , Zakrzewski Martha , Gates Ruth D , Padilla-Gamiño Jacqueline L , Spalding Heather L , Smith Celia , Woolsey Erika S , Bourne David G , Bongaerts Pim , Hoegh-Guldberg Ove , Leggat William
Published: April 2015

Despite being one of the simplest metazoans, corals harbor some of the most highly diverse and abundant microbial communities. Differentiating core, symbiotic bacteria from this diverse host-associated consortium is essential for characterizing the functional contributions of bacteria but has not been possible yet. Here we characterize the coral core microbiome and demonstrate clear phylogenetic and functional divisions between the micro-scale, niche habitats within the coral host. In doing so, we discover seven distinct bacterial phylotypes that are universal to the core microbiome of coral species, separated by thousands of kilometres of oceans. The two most abundant phylotypes are co-localized specifically with the corals’ endosymbiotic algae and symbiont-containing host cells. These bacterial symbioses likely facilitate the success of the dinoflagellate endosymbiosis with corals in diverse environmental regimes.
In situ expression of eukaryotic ice-binding proteins in microbial communities of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Uhlig Christiane , Kilpert Fabian , Frickenhaus Stephan , Kegel Jessica U , Krell Andreas , Mock Thomas , Valentin Klaus , Beszteri Bánk
Published: April 2015

Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) have been isolated from various sea-ice organisms. Their characterisation points to a crucial role in protecting the organisms in sub-zero environments. However, their in situ abundance and diversity in natural sea-ice microbial communities is largely unknown. In this study, we analysed the expression and phylogenetic diversity of eukaryotic IBP transcripts from microbial communities of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. IBP transcripts were found in abundances similar to those of proteins involved in core cellular processes such as photosynthesis. Eighty-nine percent of the IBP transcripts grouped with known IBP sequences from diatoms, haptophytes and crustaceans, but the majority represented novel sequences not previously characterized in cultured organisms. The observed high eukaryotic IBP expression in natural eukaryotic sea ice communities underlines the essential role of IBPs for survival of many microorganisms in communities living under the extreme conditions of polar sea ice.
Temporal and spatial constraints on community assembly during microbial colonization of wood in seawater
Authors: Kalenitchenko Dimitri , Fagervold Sonja K , Pruski Audrey M , Vétion Gilles , Yücel Mustafa , Le Bris Nadine , Galand Pierre E
Published: April 2015

Wood falls on the ocean floor form chemosynthetic ecosystems that remain poorly studied compared with features such as hydrothermal vents or whale falls. In particular, the microbes forming the base of this unique ecosystem are not well characterized and the ecology of communities is not known. Here we use wood as a model to study microorganisms that establish and maintain a chemosynthetic ecosystem. We conducted both aquaria and in situ deep-sea experiments to test how different environmental constraints structure the assembly of bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities. We also measured changes in wood lipid concentrations and monitored sulfide production as a way to detect potential microbial activity. We show that wood falls are dynamic ecosystems with high spatial and temporal community turnover, and that the patterns of microbial colonization change depending on the scale of observation. The most illustrative example was the difference observed between pine and oak wood community dynamics. In pine, communities changed spatially, with strong differences in community composition between wood microhabitats, whereas in oak, communities changed more significantly with time of incubation. Changes in community assembly were reflected by changes in phylogenetic diversity that could be interpreted as shifts between assemblies ruled by species sorting to assemblies structured by competitive exclusion. These ecological interactions followed the dynamics of the potential microbial metabolisms accompanying wood degradation in the sea. Our work showed that wood is a good model for creating and manipulating chemosynthetic ecosystems in the laboratory, and attracting not only typical chemosynthetic microbes but also emblematic macrofaunal species.
A Time-Encoded Technique for fibre-based hyperspectral broadband stimulated Raman microscopy
Authors: Karpf Sebastian , Eibl Matthias , Wieser Wolfgang , Klein Thomas , Huber Robert
Published: April 2015

Raman sensing and microscopy are among the most specific optical technologies to identify the chemical compounds of unknown samples, and to enable label-free biomedical imaging. Here we present a method for stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy and imaging with a time-encoded (TICO) Raman concept. We use continuous wave, rapidly wavelength-swept probe lasers and combine them with a short-duty-cycle actively modulated pump laser. Hence, we achieve high stimulated Raman gain signal levels, while still benefitting from the narrow linewidth and low noise of continuous wave operation. Our all-fibre TICO-Raman setup uses a Fourier domain mode-locked laser source to achieve a unique combination of high speed, broad spectral coverage (750–3,150 cm−1) and high resolution (0.5 cm−1). The Raman information is directly encoded and acquired in time. We demonstrate quantitative chemical analysis of a solvent mixture and hyperspectral Raman microscopy with molecular contrast of plant cells.
Rab27A Regulates Transport of Cell Surface Receptors Modulating Multinucleation and Lysosome-Related Organelles in Osteoclasts
Authors: Shimada-Sugawara Megumi , Sakai Eiko , Okamoto Kuniaki , Fukuda Mitsunori , Izumi Tetsuro , Yoshida Noriaki , Tsukuba Takayuki
Published: April 2015

Rab27A regulates transport of lysosome-related organelles (LROs) and release of secretory granules in various types of cells. Here, we identified up-regulation of Rab27A during differentiation of osteoclasts (OCLs) from bone-marrow macrophages (BMMs), by DNA microarray analysis. Rab27A deficiency in OCLs, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown in RAW-D cell line or BMMs derived from ashen mice, which display genetic defects in Rab27A expression, induced multinucleated and giant cells. Upon stimulation with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), essential cytokines for OCL differentiation, phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (Src) and p-38 were slightly enhanced in ashen BMMs than in wild-type BMMs. The cell surface level of c-fms, an M-CSF receptor, was slightly higher in ashen BMMs than in wild-type BMMs and down-regulation of RANK, a RANKL receptor, was delayed. In addition to receptors, OCLs derived from ashen mice exhibited aberrant actin ring formation, abnormal subcellular localization of lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP2) and cathepsin K (CTSK) and marked reduction in resorbing activity. Thus, these findings suggest that Rab27A regulates normal transport of cell surface receptors modulating multinucleation and LROs in OCLs.
Psychomotor Impairment Detection via Finger Interactions with a Computer Keyboard During Natural Typing
Authors: Giancardo L. , Sánchez-Ferro A. , Butterworth I. , Mendoza C. S. , Hooker J. M.
Published: April 2015

Modern digital devices and appliances are capable of monitoring the timing of button presses, or finger interactions in general, with a sub-millisecond accuracy. However, the massive amount of high resolution temporal information that these devices could collect is currently being discarded. Multiple studies have shown that the act of pressing a button triggers well defined brain areas which are known to be affected by motor-compromised conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that the daily interaction with a computer keyboard can be employed as means to observe and potentially quantify psychomotor impairment. We induced a psychomotor impairment via a sleep inertia paradigm in 14 healthy subjects, which is detected by our classifier with an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.93/0.91. The detection relies on novel features derived from key-hold times acquired on standard computer keyboards during an uncontrolled typing task. These features correlate with the progression to psychomotor impairment (p < 0.001) regardless of the content and language of the text typed and perform consistently with different keyboards. The ability to acquire longitudinal measurements of subtle motor changes from a digital device without altering its functionality may allow for early screening and follow-up of motor-compromised neurodegenerative conditions, psychological disorders or intoxication at a negligible cost in the general population.
The asymmetric synthesis of CF3-containing spiro[pyrrolidin-3,2′-oxindole] through the organocatalytic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Ma Mingxia , Zhu Yuanyuan , Sun Quantao , Li Xiaoyuan , Su Jinhuan , Zhao Long , Zhao Yanyan , Qiu Shuai , Yan Wenjin , Wang Kairong , Wang Rui
Published: April 2015

A new strategy for the construction of optically active 5′-CF3spiro[pyrrolidin-3,2′-oxindole] was described by using CF3CH2NH2as a building block.
A new diluted magnetic semiconductor based on the expanded phase of ZnS: surmounting the random distribution of magnetic impurities
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Wang Xinqiang , Zhu Hengjiang
Published: April 2015

A new type of diluted magnetic semiconductor based on the cluster-assembled phase of ZnS was predicted by a first-principles study.