bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and performance study of grease spool-less relief valve
Authors: Gong Guoqing , Wang Youmin , Zhou Bin
Published: October 2022

The high resistance characteristic of the grease delivery process makes the centralized lubrication system easy to cause pipeline blockage during the grease supply process. The main objective of the present article is to design a non-spool relief valve device based on the round pipe. The plug shape characteristics of the grease flow in the tube are established by combining the hydrodynamic equation and the grease rheological model. The mathematical model, whose relationship between velocity and flow is derived, is established with the core pipe of the grease spool-less relief valve of flow resistance, so the factors affecting grease pipe flow are obtained. The numerical simulation method is used to simulate the lipid overflow process of the simplified model with different influence parameters. Tecplot 360 EX 2015 R1 is used as a post-processing software to derive velocity and pressure clouds for grease flow in a circular tube, to investigate the factors influencing the relief pressure and relief capacity of the relief valve, to derive general rules for grease relief pressure, grease relief capacity and grease flow pattern distribution, and to establish an evaluation model for the relief pressure and relief capacity of the relief valve. The performance research test platform of the grease spool-less relief valve is built, and NLGI1 lithium grease is selected to carry out the experimental study on the performance of the grease relief valve under different influence parameters. The safety, stability, and feasibility of the overflow valve working with the pumping system are verified.
A one-pot rotational DC-bipolar approach for fabricating artistic metallic carpets
Authors: Gholami Fereshte , Shamsipur Mojtaba , Pashabadi Afshin
Published: October 2022

This is a brief report on the fabrication of concentric multi-element metallic carpets through a one-pot rotational bipolar electro-engineering procedure. A suspended piece of nickel foam as a bipolar electrode (BPE) is rotated in an aqueous solution containing a ternary mixture of metal ions when sufficient DC potential is applied to driving electrodes. The customizable tools of this art are potential gradient, rotation, and concentration/kinetic polarizations. Creating the multi-element radial gradient is typically tested in a one-pot artistic jewelry electroplating.
Temperature and salinity preferences of endangered Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus, Actinopterygii, Osmeridae)
Authors: Hung Tien-Chieh , Hammock Bruce G. , Sandford Marade , Stillway Marie , Park Michael , Lindberg Joan C. , Teh Swee J.
Published: October 2022

Temperature and salinity often define the distributions of aquatic organisms. This is at least partially true for Delta Smelt, an imperiled species endemic to the upper San Francisco Estuary. While much is known about the tolerances and distribution of Delta Smelt in relation to these parameters, little is known regarding the temperature and salinity preferences of the species. Therefore, the temperature and salinity preferences of sub-adult Delta Smelt were investigated across a wide range of thermal (8–28 °C) and salinity (0–23 ppt) conditions. Replicates of ten fish were allowed to swim between two circular chambers with different temperature or salinity, and the distribution of fish between the chambers was recorded. We found that Delta Smelt showed no temperature preference below 15 °C, a modest aversion to the warmer tank from 15 to 28 °C, and a strong aversion to the warmer tank with elevated mortality at temperatures above 28 °C. Delta Smelt also preferred lower salinities, and this preference became more pronounced as salinity increased toward 23 ppt. These results indicate that Delta Smelt can tolerate high temperatures and salinities for a short time, and that their preferences for lower temperature and salinity strengthens as these variables increase.
Allostatic load predicts racial disparities in intracerebral hemorrhage cognitive outcomes
Authors: Harris Jennifer , Boehme Amelia , Chan Luisa , Moats Harmon , Dugue Rachelle , Izeogu Chigozirim , Pavol Marykay A. , Naqvi Imama A. , Williams Olajide , Marshall Randolph S.
Published: October 2022

A large portion of stroke disparities remains unexplained, even after adjusting for demographic, comorbidity, and health care access variables. There is a critical need to close this knowledge gap by investigating novel factors that may contribute to stroke disparities. Allostatic load (AL) is the lifetime adverse physiologic impact of needing to adjust to socially structured stressors such as racism. AL has been shown to increase health vulnerability and worsen outcomes in marginalized populations. We sought to assess the differential impact of AL on cognitive outcomes post intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) across race-ethnicity. The Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcomes Project (ICHOP) prospectively collected data from patients presenting to Columbia Medical Center with ICH from 3/2009 to 5/2016. Data included demographics, stroke scores, labs, complications, neuroimaging, medical history, and discharge data. Five markers of AL (HbA1c, WBC, SBP, HR, ALB) were obtained. An AL score was generated by summing the elements in each patient that fell outside normal ranges, with AL score ranging 0–5. A linear regression model, adjusted for stroke severity and ICH volumes, was used to evaluate the relationship between AL and Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m) at discharge, stratified by race-ethnicity. Among 248 white, 195 black, and 261 Hispanic ICH patients, neither mean AL nor mean TICS differed by race/ethnicity (p = 0.51, p = 0.79 respectively). In the overall cohort AL did not predict TICS at discharge (Beta -1.0, SE 1.1, p = 0.353). In Whites (beta 1.18, SE 2.5, p = 0.646) and Hispanics (beta -0.95, SE 1.6, p = 0.552) AL was not associated with TICS at discharge. In Black patients, higher AL was associated with a decrease in TICS at discharge (beta -3.2, SE 1.5, p = 0.049). AL is an important determinant of post ICH outcomes for certain minority populations. AL may explain some of the unexplained health disparities in stroke populations.
Avalanche photodiodes with multiple multiplication layers for coherent detection
Authors: Ahmad Zohauddin , Wang Po-Shun , Naseem  , Huang Yu-Cyuan , Chang Yan-Chieh , Chang You-Chia , Lee Yi-Shan , Shi Jin-Wei
Published: October 2022

We demonstrate a novel avalanche photodiode (APD) design which fundamentally relaxes the trade-off between responsivity and saturation-current performance at receiver end in coherent system. Our triple In0.52Al0.48As based multiplication (M-) layers with a stepped electric (E-) field inside has more pronounced avalanche process with significantly less effective critical-field than the dual M-layer. Reduced E-field in active M-layers ensures stronger E-field allocation to the thick absorption-layer with a smaller breakdown voltage (Vbr) resulting in less serious space-charge screening effect, less device heating at high output photocurrent. Compared to the dual M-layer reference sample, the demonstrated APD exhibits lower punch-through (− 9 vs. − 24 V)/breakdown voltages (− 43 vs. − 51 V), higher responsivity (19.6 vs. 13.5 A/W), higher maximum gain (230 vs. 130), and higher 1-dB saturation-current (> 5.6 vs. 2.5 mA) under 0.95 Vbr operation. Extremely high saturation-current (> 14.6 mA), high responsivity (7.3 A/W), and decent O-E bandwidth (1.4 GHz) can be simultaneously achieved using the demonstrated APD with a 200 µm active window diameter. In coherent FMCW LiDAR test bed, this novel APD exhibits a larger signal-to-noise ratio and high-quality 3-D images than the reference dual M-layer and high-performance commercial p-i-n PD modules, while requiring significantly less optical local-oscillator (LO) power (0.5 vs 4 mW).
Diesel exhaust particles induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells apoptosis by accumulation of autophagosomes and caspase-8 activation
Authors: Kim Geun-Young , Jung Inkyo , Park Minhan , Park Kihong , Lee Seung Hee , Kim Won-Ho
Published: October 2022

Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are risk factors for endothelial cells (ECs) dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which DEP induce ECs apoptosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated how DEP induce death of human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs), with a focus on the autophagy-mediated apoptotic pathway. DEP induced dose-dependent HUVECs death and exposure to the IC50 concentration of DEP (70 µg/ml) led to apoptosis. DEP phosphorylated Beclin-1 (Ser93) and increased protein levels of p62 and LC3BII and the number of LC3B puncta, indicating autophagy initiation. DEP increased expression of pro- and mature forms of cathepsin D, which increases lysosomal activity. However, DEP suppressed expression of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor proteins (STX17, VAMP8, SNAP29, YKT6, and STX7) to inhibit autolysosome formation, resulting in accumulation of autophagosomes. LC3B, p62, and caspase-8 form a tertiary complex in accumulated autophagosomes, which is known to serve as a platform for caspase-8 activation. Indeed, DEP activates caspase-8 and pretreatment with a caspase-8 inhibitor suppressed DEP-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, depletion of p62 decreased caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation and inhibited the DEP-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that DEP induced HUVECs apoptosis by inhibiting autophagosome maturation and identified caspase-8 as a novel mediator of DEP-induced ECs apoptosis.
Latitudinal and temporal variation in injury and its impacts in the invasive Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus
Authors: Griffen Blaine D. , Alder Jill , Anderson Lars , Asay Emily Gail , Blakeslee April , Bolander Mikayla , Cabrera Doreen , Carver Jade , Crane Laura C. , DiNuzzo Eleanor R. , Fletcher Laura S. , Luckett Johanna , Meidell Morgan , Pinkston Emily , Reese Tanner C. , Repetto Michele F. , Smith Nanette , Stancil Carter , Tepolt Carolyn K. , Toscano Benjamin J. , Vernier Ashley
Published: October 2022

Nonlethal injury is a pervasive stress on individual animals that can affect large portions of a population at any given time. Yet most studies examine snapshots of injury at a single place and time, making the implicit assumption that the impacts of nonlethal injury are constant. We sampled Asian shore crabs Hemigrapsus sanguineus throughout their invasive North American range and from the spring through fall of 2020. We then documented the prevalence of limb loss over this space and time. We further examined the impacts of limb loss and limb regeneration on food consumption, growth, reproduction, and energy storage. We show that injury differed substantially across sites and was most common towards the southern part of their invaded range on the East Coast of North America. Injury also varied idiosyncratically across sites and through time. It also had strong impacts on individuals via reduced growth and reproduction, despite increased food consumption in injured crabs. Given the high prevalence of nonlethal injury in this species, these negative impacts of injury on individual animals likely scale up to influence population level processes (e.g., population growth), and may be one factor acting against the widespread success of this invader.
Circularly polarized luminescence from Tb(iii) interacting with chiral polyether macrocycles
Authors: Homberg Alexandre , Navazio Federica , Le Tellier Antoine , Zinna Francesco , Fürstenberg Alexandre , Besnard Céline , Di Bari Lorenzo , Lacour Jérôme
Published: October 2022

Chiral amide-based bis-pyridine polyether macrocycles interact with lanthanides. In the case of luminescent Tb(iii), the host-guest interaction can be observed by the ligand-centered ECD and by Tb-centered CPL.
Antiproliferative potential of Physalis peruviana-derived magnolin against pancreatic cancer: a comprehensive in vitro and in silico study
Authors: Sayed Ahmed M. , El-Hawary Seham S. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Ghareeb Mosad A.
Published: October 2022

Physalis peruviana L. is a common edible fruit in Egypt and other regional countries.
An enantio- and diastereoselective approach to indoloquinolizidines in continuous flow
Authors: Chaudhari Moreshwar B. , Gupta Prachi , Llanes Patricia , Zhou Leijie , Zanda Nicola , Pericàs Miquel A.
Published: October 2022

A solvent-free enantioselective Michael addition mediated by a polymer-supported Jørgensen–Hayashi catalyst and a domino Pictet–Spengler plus lactamisation sequence has been reported in continuous flow.
Preparation and characterization of permeability and mechanical properties of three-dimensional porous stainless steel
Authors: Li Chaozhong , Zhou Zhaoyao
Published: October 2022

A new type of three-dimensional porous stainless steel (3DPSS) with a microporous structure of connected channels was fabricated. 3DPSS has excellent compressive strength in the axial direction, up to 1249 MPa.
Scalemic myrionsumamide A, tetracyclic skeleton alkaloids from Myrioneuron effusum
Authors: Zhang Jia-Hui , Cao Mingming , Zhang Yu , Li Xiao-Hui , Gu Yu-Cheng , Li Xiao-Nian , Di Ying-Tong , Hao Xiao-Jiang
Published: October 2022

Alkaloids isolated from Myrioneuron effusum with a novel ring construction manner and antibacterial activity.
Microfabrication of a micron-scale microbial-domestication pod for in situ cultivation of marine bacteria
Authors: Wheatley Sydney K. , Cartmell Christopher , Madadian Elias , Badr Sara , Haltli Bradley A. , Kerr Russell G. , Ahmadi Ali
Published: October 2022

Through the hyphenation of microfabrication, microfluidics and microbiology, we report the development of a μMicrobial-Domestication Pod (μMD Pod) for in situ cultivation of bacteria.
A double co-sensitization strategy using heteroleptic transition metal ferrocenyl dithiocarbamate phenanthrolene-dione for enhancing the performance of N719-based DSSCs
Authors: Singh Amita , Srivastava Devyani , Gosavi Suresh W. , Chauhan Ratna , Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Albalwi Awad Naseer , Muddassir Mohd. , Kumar Abhinav
Published: October 2022

Three new ferrocene appended heteroleptic dithiocarbamate complexes have been synthesized and used as sensitizers/co-sensitizers in DSSCs.
An error gradient and accumulation‐type event‐driven model predictive control with relative thresholds for perturbed nonlinear systems
Authors: He Ning , Xu Zhongxian , Shen Chao
Published: October 2022

This work investigates the event‐driven model predictive control problem for perturbed nonlinear systems with input and state constraints. Firstly, a new event‐driven triggering condition, considering the gradient and accumulation of the error between the optimal and actual states at adjacent moments with a state‐dependent relative threshold is designed with a guaranteed positive inter‐event time to avoid Zeno behaviour. Secondly, an error gradient and accumulation type event‐driven model predictive control framework is designed based on the new triggering condition and the dual‐mode strategy, for effectively reducing the calculation and communication burden of the model predictive control controller while ensuring desired control performance. Furthermore, the feasibility and the input‐to‐state practical stability (ISpS) of gradient and accumulation‐type event‐driven model predictive control are rigorously guaranteed theoretically. At last, the simulation results are provided to validate the this algorithm.
Velocity‐layer Zhang equivalency for time‐varying joint limits avoidance of redundant robot manipulator
Authors: Tang Zanyu , Tan Ning , Zhang Yunong
Published: October 2022

In the engineering field, a complex system or problem can be transformed into a relatively simple system or problem through equivalency. In this paper, the repetitive motion planning scheme of redundant robot manipulators with time‐varying physical limits are to be optimized via Zhang equivalency (ZE) approach, which includes Zhang equality equivalency (ZEE) approach and Zhang inequality equivalency (ZIE) approach. The ZE approach is presented, theoretically proved, and applied to optimize the control scheme of redundant robot manipulators at the velocity layer. After that, an enhanced repetitive motion planning scheme via ZE (ERMPS‐ZE) on the basis of quadratic programming is finally built up, which is subject to a ZEE constraint and a time‐varying unified ZIE constraint for the solution of RMP in redundant robot manipulator systems. The simulation results on UR10 robot manipulator substantiate superiorities of the proposed scheme with regard to practicality, validity, and completeness over the traditional scheme. In addition, the results of simulation experiments under different limit situations show the adjusting manners and characteristics of the redundant robot manipulator adopting ERMPS‐ZE when the manipulator encounters physical limits, which validate the correctness and efficacy of the ERMPS‐ZE. Finally, the physical experiment also substantiates the practicability of the ERMPS‐ZE.
Circular saw flatness on machine measurement using a point laser displacement sensor
Authors: Wang Qing , Jing Guochao
Published: October 2022

The flatness error is one of the critical parameters of a circular saw, which seriously affects the cutting performance. In this paper, the measurement of the circular saw flatness error based on a laser displacement sensor is proposed. For the tooth of a circular saw, the plane is discontinuous. According to the field detection demand of a circular saw, the authors collected Archimedean spiral three coordinate data of the circular saw using a laser displacement sensor. Considering the practical application of circular saw flatness detection, the authors have established an ideal plane model of the flatness based on the least‐squares method to evaluate the flatness error of circular saws. The system has a maximum detection area of 400 mm × 400 mm, the measurement time is 80 s, and the measurement absolution accuracy is 10 μm.
Line‐transient enhancement techniques for multi‐path hybrid DC–DC converter with <1% output overshoot/undershoot
Authors: Li Huihua , Ma Qiaobo , Jiang Yang , Law Man‐Kay , Mak Pui‐In , Martins Rui P.
Published: October 2022

This letter presents two transient enhancement techniques for multi‐path switched‐capacitor‐inductor (MP‐SCI) hybrid DC–DC converters to eliminate the line‐transient‐induced voltage coupling to the converter output. Since the existing input‐feedforward method is hard to apply to the MP‐SCI converter, the proposed techniques tackle the intrinsic hard‐charging property with the MP‐SCI topology, preventing the line‐coupling current through topology operation reconfiguration and power‐switch modulation. The proposed controller also achieves adaptive line‐transition detection and automatic flying‐capacitor voltage balancing, ensuring a fast line regulation feature. Implemented with an MP‐SCI topology for a 9 to 14 V‐input to 5 V‐output conversion, the proposed control techniques provide an output (VOUT) overshoot and undershoot as low as 0.5% of the output DC level under a 3‐V input voltage step. From the simulation, the corresponding output variation reduction can be more than 94% when compared with the existing MP‐SCI operations. Besides, the proposed controller is compatible with a voltage‐mode (VM) V2 pulse‐width modulation (PWM) function, achieving a fast load‐transient recovery in six switching cycles and a VOUT variation of 75 mV at a 5 V DC level under a 0‐to‐3 A load step. The peak conversion efficiency can be as high as 95.5%, and the targeted load current delivery is up to 3 A.
Area inertia estimation of power system containing wind power considering dispersion of frequency response based on measured area frequency
Authors: Li Dongdong , Dong Nan , Yao Yin , Xu Bo , Gao David Wenzhong
Published: October 2022

With the rapid increase of the penetration rate of renewable energy sources in power system, the decrease of system inertia will threaten the frequency stability, and the dispersion of frequency response cannot be ignored. This paper proposes a method to estimate area inertia of power system containing wind power considering dispersion of frequency response. Firstly, the impact of inertia distribution between areas on the frequency stability and the inter‐area oscillation are analysed. Secondly, the system is divided based on the spectral clustering algorithm and the frequency similarity index is defined according to the Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the measurement locations for area frequency. Thirdly, the measured tie‐line power and frequency deviation are used to estimate the area inertia based on the numerical integration method. Finally, the case study is conducted based on the modified IEEE 39‐bus system. The simulation results revealed that the proposed method is accurate and reliable in different scenarios.
Antenna array calibration methods based on simultaneous perturbation
Authors: Xing Huijuan , Zhang Yongwei , Fu Yanwei , Lv Xianyang , Xu Zhihuo , Shi Jiajia , Shi Quan , Temiz Murat , El‐Makadema Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Antenna arrays have gained significant interest in millimetre‐wave communication systems as an enabling technology to achieve higher capacity and mitigate the high propagation loss. Such arrays with a large bandwidth need to be efficiently calibrated to maximise their performance. An antenna array calibration method based on a stochastic approximation algorithm and simultaneous perturbation has been developed and the procedures to implement it in both frequency and time domains have been presented. The approaches to define objective functions and establish gradient approximations to fulfill a successful convergence for acquiring calibration coefficients in both domains have been explored. In the time domain implementation, only a fraction of the measurement time was required to calibrate an antenna array of ultrawide bandwidth compared with other methods using a perturbation technique. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated via numerical experiments in both domains.
Day‐ahead optimal scheduling of building energy microgrids based on time‐varying virtual energy storage
Authors: Mu Yunfei , Zhang Yaqing , Jia Hongjie , Yu Xiaodan , Zhang Jiarui , Jin Xiaolong , Deng Youjun
Published: October 2022

The thermal inertia of a building envelope endows a building with a heat storage capability, introducing scheduling flexibility to a building energy microgrid (BEM). The flexibility is usually modelled as virtual energy storage (VES) and used to optimize the operation of BEMs to reduce electricity costs. However, the VES capacity is impacted by and varies with variations in indoor/outdoor temperature. If only the building envelope's effect on heat transfer is considered, without proper quantification of scheduling flexibility provided by the building envelope, the scheduling scheme (especially VES charging/discharging schemes) will deviate from the actual VES operating conditions, which may affect the thermal comfort of individuals in buildings or bring high electricity costs. In this paper, a time‐varying building VES model (TVES) with three time‐varying parameters (virtual electric capacity (VEC), state of charge (SOC), and charge and discharge power) is proposed to quantify the electricity storage capability of the VES at different time periods for participating in operation of the BEM. Based on the TVES, a day‐ahead optimal scheduling strategy is developed for the BEM to simultaneously reduce the electricity cost and guarantee the user's thermal comfort, where the proposed time‐varying parameters of TVES are taken as constraints in the optimization. Numerical studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed TVES and optimal scheduling strategy.
Coordinated allocation of soft open point and converter‐based energy storage systems in PV penetrated active distribution networks
Authors: Zhou Niancheng , Tao Anqi , Wang Jian , Wang Qianggang
Published: October 2022

Soft open point‐based energy storage (SOP‐based ES) can realize the real‐time adjustment of transmission power in space and peak load shaving in time, further promoting the integration of distributed generations (DGs) and decreasing the allocation cost. This article proposed an optimal planning model for coordinated allocation of SOP‐based ES and conventional independent ES systems in PV penetrated Active Distribution Networks (ADN). First, the planning models of SOP‐based ES, battery of ES systems and its lifetime are established. Second, the proposed coordinated allocation model aims to minimize the total planning cost, including power exchange cost, investment cost, operation cost, battery degradation cost and loss cost. In order to solve the uncertainty of PV output and load demand, the stochastic optimization model is established with scenarios reduced by the K‐means clustering technique. Third, the linearization model of the battery degradation cost is derived to transform the optimization model into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. Finally, the presented model is implemented on an IEEE 33‐node distribution system to confirm its effectiveness. The case study results show that the coordinated allocation of SOP and converter‐based ES can effectively reduce the allocation cost of ES and promote the integration of DGs.
Quasi-stellar objects and galaxy mass density profiles derived using the submillimetre galaxies magnification bias
Authors: Crespo D. , González-Nuevo J. , Bonavera L. , Cueli M. M. , Casas J. M. , Goitia E.
Published: October 2022

Context. The magnification bias on the submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) is a gravitational lensing effect, where the SMGs are used as background lensed galaxies. This effect can be used to investigate the mass density profiles of different types of foreground lenses.

Aims. In this work, we want to exploit the magnification bias of the SMGs using two different foreground samples, quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) and galaxies. Our aim is to study and compare their mass density profiles and estimate their masses and concentrations.

Methods. The background SMG sample consists of objects observed by Herschel with 1.2 < z < 4.0 (mean redshift at ∼2.2). The foreground samples are QSOs with spectroscopic redshifts 0.2 < z < 1.0 (mean redshift at ∼0.7) and massive galaxies with also spectroscopic redshifts 0.2 < z < 1.0 (mean redshift at ∼0.3). The cross-correlation measurements are estimated with the Davis-Peebles estimator by stacking the SMG–QSO and SMG–galaxy pairs for the two analysed cases, respectively. The advantage of such an approach is that it allows us to study the mass density profile over a wide range of angular scales, from ∼2 to ∼250 arcsec, including the inner part of the dark-matter halo (≲100 kpc). Moreover, the analysis is carried out by combining two of the most common theoretical mass density profiles in order to fit the cross-correlation measurements.

Results. The measurements are correctly fitted after splitting the available angular scales into an inner and an outer part using two independent mass density profiles, one for each region. In particular, for the QSOs, we obtain masses of log10(M/M⊙) = 13.51 ± 0.04 and of log10(M/M⊙) = 13.44 ± 0.17 for the inner and outer parts, respectively. The estimated masses for the galaxy sample are log10(M/M⊙) = 13.32 ± 0.08 and log10(M/M⊙) = 12.78 ± 0.21 for the inner and outer parts, respectively. The concentrations for the inner part are much higher than those for the outer region for both samples: C = 6.85 ± 0.34 (inner) and C = 0.36 ± 0.18 (outer) for the QSOs and C = 8.23 ± 0.77 (inner) and C = 1.21 ± 1.01 (outer) for the galaxies.

Conclusions. In both samples, the inner part has an excess in the mass density profile with respect to the outer part for both QSOs and galaxy samples. We obtain similar values for the central mass with both samples, and they are also in agreement with those of galaxy clusters results. However, the estimated masses for the outer region and the concentrations of the inner region both vary with lens sample. We believe this to be related to the probability of galactic interactions and/or the different evolutionary stages.
Ventricular Catheter Insertion on the Occipital and Parietooccipital Bone: A Nonmetric Complementary Technique
Authors: Elarjani Turki , Alamer Othman Bin , Alhammad Othman
Published: October 2022

Background and Study Aim Hydrocephalus is a common disease of the pediatric population, with cerebrospinal fluid diversion as the management of choice. All current insertion techniques require craniometrics calculation that may not be applicable for pediatric patients, due to significant variation in head circumference. We describe a complementary method of inserting ventricular catheters, devoid of craniometrics.

Materials and Methods The insertion site is based on two imaginary lines on the sagittal plane (superior and inferior limits) and four imaginary lines on the axial plane of a computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. The insertion point is chosen based on the shortest location from the outer table of the bone to the ventricle. The length of catheter insertion is calculated based on the distance between the calvarial outer table and the foramen of Monro.

Results Two case examples of ventricular catheter insertions, in pediatric patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus, are described. External ventricular drain and ventriculoperitoneal shunt were inserted using this technique, with no required craniometrics measurements.

Conclusion This complementary method of inserting ventricular catheters can be easily tailored and implemented by junior neurosurgical residents to senior neurosurgeons as it precludes the measurement of the catheter insertion points.
Laser wireless power transfer and thermal regulation method driven by transient laser grating
Authors: Yao Dong , Gao Bo , Qiang Hongfu , Wang Xueren , Wen Keyao , Wang Di
Published: October 2022

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology uses non-conductive-wire methods to realize power transmission from the power-supply side to the load side, which is an advantageous energy supply method in long-distance, non-contact scenarios. Based on the photovoltaic (PV) effect, traditional laser WPT (LWPT) has the advantage of high transmission power. However, the cooling requirements of PV modules introduce additional structural composition and operating energy. In this paper, an LWPT (BeE-LWPT) technology based on the Seebeck effect is proposed, and a brand-new energy conversion mode is designed. Aiming at the limited hot area of the thermoelectric element periodically heated using the expanded beam laser, the improvement effect of the transient laser grating thermal regulation mechanism on BeE-LWPT is studied. Multiphysics simulations of the temperature response of the hot end of the copper plate modulated by the laser beam spot are carried out with commercial finite-element software. Compared with the traditional beam expansion method for temperature control, the proposed modulation method based on the transient laser grating has a more stable temperature response and a more uniform heating area, which means better thermal regulation effect.
Blogging for intercultural communicative competence in study abroad programs
Authors: Dressler Roswita , Crossman Katherine , Kawalilak Colleen
Published: October 2022

Participants in study abroad (SA) programs (sojourners) are often encouraged to blog as a form of reflective writing, yet little is known about this practice. Generally, reflection facilitates sojourners’ engagement in their personal and professional growth. Drawing from two different but complementary frameworks, we analyzed blogs from 51 sojourners in short-term SA volunteer teaching placements to examine the reflection that occurred through their writing. The two frameworks revealed different aspects of blogging practices: types of reflection (Maarof, 2007) were primarily descriptive, but intercultural communicative competence learning (Elola & Oskoz, 2008) examples were more numerous and varied, documenting sojourners’ navigation of culture in SA. Sojourners did not typically use their blogs for dialogic or critical reflection, instead chronicling experiences or representing reflection as completed actions. Although blogging can be useful for reflection in SA, the results from this study suggest that careful scaffolding may be necessary to encourage critical reflection.
Ultralight Nafion/Ag composite microfiber film actuator driven by low voltage
Authors: Li Xueying , Yang Jialong , Zou Kangkang , Feng Jiabao , Pu Wei , Wang Haolun
Published: October 2022

Electrothermal actuators (ETAs) have received great attention among soft actuators due to their simple structure and light weight. Since most of the application scenarios of ETAs are on soft robots, the current research on ETAs mainly focuses on the improvement of their max deformation. In fact, important application prospects of soft actuators lie in biological and medical aspects, such as smart wearable devices. This remind us to consider the issues of safety and comfort, which have been neglected for a long time. In this work, we report an ultralight, porous Nafion/Ag composite microfiber film actuator prepared by blow-spinning. Unlike most ETAs, it has porous fibrous structure and can achieve considerable deformation in a safe temperature range for the organisms (30 °C–67 °C). The film actuator, with a low density (about 0.45 g cm−3), can bend in a short time (within 15 s) to an angle of about 91° and achieve a displacement of 11.2 mm when applied a low voltage (2.4 V). Owing to the processing method of blow-spinning, the film actuator presents a series of excellent characteristics, including softness, light weight and porosity, etc. To summarize, the Nafion/Ag composite microfiber film actuator shows great potential in soft robots and smart wearable devices due to their properties of low driven voltage, low weight and moderate working temperature range.
Status of the upgrade project of the CMS Tracker for HL-LHC
Authors: Migliore E.
Published: October 2022

The CMS collaboration is currently preparing the upgrade of the tracking system for the High-Luminosity LHC operations (HL-LHC). The HL-LHC is scheduled to start in 2027 and it will bring the instantaneous luminosity up to 7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1, with an average of 200 interactions per beam crossing, and an integrated luminosity up to 4000 fb−1 over a decade. To operate efficiently in these challenging conditions, the new detector has to provide tracking information to the first level trigger stage and maintain good and efficient offline tracking. In this contribution, the layout of the new detector, the main technology choices together with highlights on the current status of the main detector components will be presented.
On finitely summable Fredholm modules from Smale spaces
Authors: Gerontogiannis Dimitris
Published: October 2022

We prove that all

K
K

-homology classes of the stable (and unstable) Ruelle algebra of a Smale space have explicit Fredholm module representatives that are finitely summable on the same smooth subalgebra and with the same degree of summability. The smooth subalgebra is induced by a metric on the underlying Smale space groupoid and fine transversality relations between stable and unstable sets. The degree of summability is related to the fractal dimension of the Smale space. Further, the Fredholm modules are obtained by taking Kasparov products with a fundamental class of the Spanier-Whitehead

K
K

-duality between the Ruelle algebras. Finally, we obtain general results on stability under holomorphic functional calculus and construct Lipschitz algebras on étale groupoids.
Role of Plasma Metanephrines in Predicting Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Essential Hypertension
Authors: Wang Hui-min , Yin Wen-jie , Ke Bing-bing , Tan Xin , Wang Xue , Wang Yuan , Zhang Yan-bo , Li Si-jin , Du Jie
Published: October 2022

Background

To investigate the role of plasma metanephrines (MN) and normetanephrines (NMN), in predicting cardiovascular events in essential hypertensive patients.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of 688 hospitalized patients diagnosed with essential hypertension at the Beijing Anzhen hospital from October 2016 to August 2018, with a median (interquartile range) follow-up time of 24 (20–29) months. The primary endpoint was defined as all-cause death and/or readmission for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. Patients were divided into event (n = 57) and nonevent (n = 631) groups. High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine plasma MN and NMN levels. According to the cutoff value of plasma NMN from receiver operating characteristic analysis, patients were further divided into NMN ≤125.75 ng/l and NMN >125.75 ng/l groups. The effects of NMN on the prognosis of hypertensive patients were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results

The plasma NMN levels of the event group were higher than those of the nonevent group [110.0 (74.0–135.0) vs. 88.5 (62.0–119.5) ng/l, P = 0.004]. The incidence of the primary endpoint event in NMN ≤125.75 ng/l and NMN >125.75 ng/l groups was 6.0% and 15.8%, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with higher baseline NMN levels were more likely to experience adverse events (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that patients in NMN >125.75 ng/l group had over twofold higher risk of the primary endpoint event than those in NMN ≤125.75 ng/l group (HR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.15–3.84, P = 0.015).

Conclusions

Elevated plasma NMN levels are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with essential hypertension.
The Correlation Between Obesity Phenotypes and High Normal Blood Pressure in Fuzhou Community Residents
Authors: Shi Lu-qian , Cai Ying-ying , Xu Xing-yan , Li Qiao-wei , Chen Rui-xin , Sun Yu , Shen Qian , Wei Dong-hong , Lin Shao-wei , Wu Si-ying
Published: October 2022

Background

To explore the correlation between obesity phenotypes and high normal blood pressure (BP) among residents residing in Fuzhou communities.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted and on-site questionnaire survey, physical examinations and laboratory tests were carried out on the residents aged over 18 years in communities of Fuzhou city from 2018 to 2019, in which 900 people with normal BP and 1,006 people with high normal BP were included for analysis. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were utilized to analyze the relationship between obesity phenotypes and high normal BP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive power of various obesity phenotypes for high normal BP in different genders.

Results

The rates of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity (28.4% vs. 16.0%, P < 0.001), and abnormal waist-to-height ratio (61.6% vs. 41.1%, P < 0.001) were higher in the high normal BP group than those in normal BP group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high normal BP was positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio. Furthermore, overweight (OR, 95% CI: 1.896, 1.390–2.587), obesity (2.489, 1.427–4.342), abdominal obesity (1.598, 1.152–2.215), and abnormal waist-to-height ratio (2.110, 1.579–2.821) were risk factors of high normal BP among females while abdominal obesity (1.649, 1.021–2.661) and abnormal waist-to-height ratio (1.504, 1.044–2.165) were risk factors of high normal BP among males. The ROC area under the curve was over 0.6 for all obesity types.

Conclusions

Overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and abnormal waist-to-height ratio are risk factors of high normal BP.
Consuming Ali Abdul: conditional acceptance in the context of Korean multiculturalism
Authors: Kim Seonah , Lee Jeehyun Jenny , Swan Anna Lee
Published: October 2022

This article examines the representation of Ali Abdul, the Pakistani character in the global Netflix hit Squid Game. While Ali has been celebrated for increasing South Asian representation in Korean media, we contextualize his portrayal through the lens of Korean multiculturalism. In doing so, we consider how the representation of Ali reflects the conditional acceptance of migrant men established by state-led Korean multicultural policies and politics. Through a close reading of the conditions that humanize Ali as both worthy of sympathy and unequal to his Korean counterparts, we argue that Ali’s acceptance hinges upon his relation to Korean protagonists in ways that further a vision of ethnocentric nation-building through the racialization of dark-skinned masculinity.
Anglican Evangelicalism
Authors: Carter Grayson
Published: October 2022

his chapter examines the rise and progress of Evangelicalism in the Church of England during the eighteenth century. While the movement began in relative isolation in Wales, it soon spread geographically, its teachings finding a receptive audience among many in the Church. Early on, Evangelicals faced numerous challenges, not least in overcoming opposition to their doctrines, evangelistic aims, and disregard of church order. By the end of the century, however, the influence of Evangelicalism had extended into many parts of the Church, the wider society, and even foreign lands, attracting men and women of abundant talent, energy, and spiritual commitment, and transforming the nature of Anglicanism in England and beyond. Especially noteworthy was the leading role the early Evangelicals played in the campaign for abolition, the formation of numerous voluntary societies, the support of women’s spirituality, and enacting various social reforms.
Itinerancy
Authors: Hall Timothy D.
Published: October 2022

This chapter discusses how eighteenth-century evangelical leaders adapted the practice of itinerant preaching to make it a primary method for spreading their message of New Birth through repentance and faith in Jesus. Itinerancy was a controversial category of preaching, provoking concerns about social disruption and ecclesiastical authority within local communities as well as questions concerning the authenticity of such preachers themselves. Nevertheless, itinerancy was readily adaptable to the more open, mobile, commercial society that the eighteenth-century British Empire was becoming. The Anglican itinerant George Whitefield and his associates learned to use it in concert with techniques in print and advertising to become a very powerful means of spreading their message. The growing practice of itinerancy in turn transformed the religious landscape of the empire into one more fluid, open, interdenominational, and egalitarian than had obtained under the parochial system that had served to structure both ecclesial and social order.
John Erskine and Transatlantic Correspondent Networks
Authors: Yeager Jonathan
Published: October 2022

This chapter examines eighteenth-century evangelical transatlantic letter writing as a means of communication. Early evangelicals developed networks in the 1730s and 1740s, at first as a way of exchanging information about the revivals that were taking place at this time throughout America, Britain, and Western Europe. After this period of revival diminished, evangelicals on both sides of the Atlantic continued to share news of the state of religion in their respective communities. Using the evangelical Scottish minister John Erskine as a case study helps us understand the nature of these networks, including the structure and content of their letters, as well as their greatest concerns. From examining Erskine and other eighteenth-century evangelicals, we learn that leaders of this movement were predominantly anti-Catholic and that Reformed ministers in particular used their letters and published works to combat perceived threats to their understanding of Protestantism, including views promulgated by those with Arminian, Arian, Socinian, and Universalist views.
Ann Bolton and Early Evangelical Women
Authors: Aalders Cynthia
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores the agency and religious activism of early evangelical women through the life-writings of one British Methodist woman, Ann Bolton. Considerable scholarly attention has been given to those rare opportunities when eighteenth-century religious women surmounted gendered barriers to use their voices in the pulpit and print, as well as their more usual influence in the domestic world of home and family. Aalders argues that critical attention to women’s life-writings reveals a far broader range of women’s religious activities—activities that often took place at the intersection of public and private worlds and included both teaching and evangelism. While traditional interpretations of the Bible, together with social mores that favored women’s silence and humility, presented tensions for early evangelical women who wished to take an active role in ministry, they were able to overcome such hinderances by claims to a divine calling. Ann Bolton’s substantial archive—which includes a diary kept for almost thirty years and hundreds of letters—complicates and enriches our understanding of the scope of eighteenth-century women’s religious worlds.
Hymnody
Authors: Noll Mark
Published: October 2022

Landmark hymn collections by George Whitefield (1753) and especially John Wesley (1780) broadcast the key emphases of the eighteenth-century evangelical movement. John’s brother Charles led in creating a new hymnody for the awakenings’ new sensibilities. Antecedents of evangelical hymnody included the High-Church Anglican societies of the late seventeenth century where psalm-singing played a large part. Continental hymnody, as developed by Lutherans, pietistic movements, and especially the Moravians, contributed more in both expressive content and creative forms. Puritanism was a third historical influence, mostly through the hymns of the Dissenter Isaac Watts who liberated English hymnody from exclusive psalmody. Fervent singing of newly composed hymns or the hymns of Isaac Watts marked evangelical movements throughout the Atlantic region: Methodist led by Charles Wesley in England; Welsh revivalists, among whom William Williams Pantycelyn played the key role; and Samuel Davies who pioneered the use of hymns and hymn-writing in the colonies. Evangelical hymnody linked evangelicals who were otherwise much divided. It innovated with an intense focus on Christ as redeemer, creative allusions to Scripture, and many new meters and rhyme schemes. Black evangelicals participated fully in the era’s new hymnody, as did women hymn-writers like Ann Steele of England and Ann Griffiths of Wales.
English Congregationalism
Authors: Strivens Robert
Published: October 2022

This chapter examines the English Congregationalism of the first half of the eighteenth century, with particular reference to Isaac Watts and Philip Doddridge. It focuses on issues concerning Trinitarian belief, attitudes to revival, and denominational identity. It argues that in, each of these areas, early eighteenth-century Congregationalism experienced considerable fluidity within a wider Dissent. Watts and Doddridge sought in this context to promote a vision for the spiritual renewal of Dissenting congregations based on a more flexible theological approach coupled with a church-based revival of spirituality influenced by aspects of German pietism.