bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ограниченность сублинейных операторов в весовых гранд-пространствах Морри
Authors: Kokilashvili Vakhtang Mikhailovich , Meskhi Alexander Nodarovich , Rafeiro Humberto
Published: October 2017

Доказана ограниченность сублинейных интегральных операторов в гранд-пространствах Морри, определенных мерами, порождаемыми весами Макенхаупта. Класс рассматриваемых операторов включает операторы гармонического анализа, такие как операторы Харди-Литтлвуда и дробные максимальные операторы, операторы Кальдерона-Зигмунда, потенциальные операторы, и некоторые другие. Библиография: 30 названий.
Competitive Chloride Chemisorption Disrupts Hydrogen Bonding Networks: DFT, Crystallography, Thermodynamics, and Morphological Consequences
Authors: Marks Laurence
Published: October 2017

The consequence for aqueous corrosion of chloride ions in an aqueous environment on the surface structure and thermodynamics of hydroxylated magnesia (001) and alpha-alumina (001) and (100) is analyzed using density functional methods. It is shown that there is competitive chemisorption between hydroxide and chloride, with the chloride disrupting the hydrogen bonding network on the surface. There is a significant crystallographic dependence, as well as dependencies upon the environment in terms of the pH and chloride molarity. An analysis of the results in terms of existing, competing models in the literature for the effect of chloride indicates that rather than the existing models being competitors, most are correct but incomplete. Rather than the different models being viewed as competitors, or each being rate determining for some specific set of conditions, the majority are simultaneously correct. Conventional oxide surface science extrapolation of the results yields qualitative conclusions for the effects of, for instance, alloy dopants which are consistent with existing experimental data. The analysis also indicates the existence of a number of new phenomena in corrosion, for instance local galvanic couples due to the work-function change with chloride chemisorption, as well as thermodynamic dewetting of the oxide film.
Spanish public hospital waiting lists: a theoretical and empirical approach
Authors: Rodríguez-Álvarez Ana , Rosete-Rivero Mayte
Published: October 2017

The main objective of this work is to study the effects that supply and demand factors have on waiting lists. With this aim in mind, the authors discuss a model which explains the factors that can affect the production of healthcare, demand for healthcare, and finally, the inequalities between healthcare supply and demand. This analysis proves that, due to imbalances between supply and demand, there is an excess of demand that is equal to waiting lists. This demand excess is called the waiting list function. Hence, the second part of this paper develops an empirical analysis which estimates the function for the waiting lists of Spanish Public Hospitals for the period 1996–2009. As a result of the estimation, the supply and demand factors influencing waiting lists, as well as their evolution, are determined and studied. An imbalance between supply and demand reduces the supply and increases demand resulting in the amount traded by the market being less than potential demand.
You Seize What Pops Up: A Qualitative Investigation of The Core Features of School-Based Agricultural Education Professional Development
Authors: Easterly III R.G. (Tre) , Myers Brian E.
Published: October 2017

Desimone’s core features of professional development (PD) guides the PD for teachers. The purpose of this study was to examine the PD practice of School-Based Agricultural Education (SBAE) teachers in the enthusiastic and growing career stage. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with five teachers from five different states. The transcriptions of the interviews were coded using content analysis to determine if Desimone’s core features were evident in the PD practice of enthusiastic and growing teachers. The codes for four teachers indicated that they were in the enthusiastic and growing career stage and were included in the content analysis. The respondents indicated PD for SBAE teachers included collective participation, content focus, and active learning. Discrepancy was found between Desimone’s core features of PD of coherence and duration. PD should be designed in SBAE to include the core features of PD. A Team Ag Ed. approach to planning and implementing PD is recommended to increase coherence and promote participation in PD offerings. Efforts should also be made to incorporate school district and subject-specific initiatives. Further investigation is needed to explore Desimone’s full model of PD for SBAE teachers.
Exploring Elementary Students' Scientific Knolwedge of Agriculture Using Evidence-Centered Design
Authors: Brandt Molly , Forbes Cory , Keshwani Jenny
Published: October 2017

The public is more disconnected from agriculture than ever. Americans are now two to four generations removed from the farm with a majority of Americans having no direct experience in agriculture. As a result, the public lacks the knowledge and appreciation of the food, fuel, and fiber it demands. The National Agricultural Learning Objectives (NALOs) were recently developed to describe students’ agricultural knowledge but have, as yet, not been used to guide research into students’ agricultural literacy. The purpose of this project is to further understand students’ agricultural literacy through NALO-based assessment of students’ knowledge. This study focused on the NALOs in the areas of agriculture and the environment (AgE) and the STEM dimensions of agriculture (STEM) using a sequential exploratory mixed methods design. Thirty-five students participated in semi-structured interviews surrounding the NALOs. Interview data were coded and analyzed while using the evidence-centered design process to create empirically grounded assessments that were administered to a sample (n=400) of elementary students. Results suggest that students are more knowledgeable about the STEM dimensions of agriculture than the agricultural and environmental topics. Recommendations are provided to guide future research and development around the NALOs.
Examining Thought Proceses to Understand the Impact of Water Conservation Messages on Attitude
Authors: Rumble Joy N. , Lamm Alexa J. , Martin Emmett T. , Warner Laura A.
Published: October 2017

Water availability issues have plagued many regions around the world and is viewed as the top issue facing the world. As a result, encouraging water conservation has become a priority for agricultural communicators. Previous research suggests strategically framed messages can impact attitudes about water conservation, but whether this change is a result of deep thoughts or simple cues has not been explored. This study used semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore the thought processes of individuals who irrigate their home landscape by presenting them with strategically framed messages. This audience was targeted due to the high volumes of water they use for irrigation. The interview process sought to understand how this group processed communication by asking participants to list their thoughts and verbalize their feelings toward a personal and a social message. The analysis was guided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model. The findings suggested participants processed the messages peripherally or retained their initial attitude. The findings implied this particular audience had more favorable thoughts toward the social benefits of water conservation than personal benefits. Future messages developed to promote water conservation should focus on the social benefits to promote increased change.
In situ temperature measurements in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere from 2 decades of IAGOS long-term routine observation
Authors: Berkes Florian , Neis Patrick , Schultz Martin G. , Bundke Ulrich , Rohs Susanne , Smit Herman G. J. , Wahner Andreas , Konopka Paul , Boulanger Damien , Nédélec Philippe , Thouret Valerie , Petzold Andreas
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Despite several studies on temperature trends in the tropopause region, a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of temperatures in this climate-sensitive region of the atmosphere remains elusive. Here we present a unique global-scale, long-term data set of high-resolution in situ temperature data measured aboard passenger aircraft within the European Research Infrastructure IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System; http://www.iagos.org). This data set is used to investigate temperature trends within the global upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UTLS,  <  13 km) for the period of 1995–2012 in different geographical regions and vertical layers of the UTLS. The largest number of observations is available over the North Atlantic. Here, a neutral temperature trend is found within the lowermost stratosphere. This contradicts the temperature trend in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis, in which a significant (95 % confidence) temperature increase of +0.56 K decade−1 is found. Differences between trends derived from observations and reanalysis data can be traced back to changes in the temperature difference between observation and model data over the period studied. This study underpins the value of the IAGOS temperature observations as an anchor point for the evaluation of reanalyses and its suitability for independent trend analyses.
Modelling organic aerosol concentrations and properties during ChArMEx summer campaigns of 2012 and 2013 in the western Mediterranean region
Authors: Chrit Mounir , Sartelet Karine , Sciare Jean , Pey Jorge , Marchand Nicolas , Couvidat Florian , Sellegri Karine , Beekmann Matthias
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In the framework of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment, a measurement site was set up at a remote site (Ersa) on Corsica Island in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Measurement campaigns performed during the summers of 2012 and 2013 showed high organic aerosol concentrations, mostly from biogenic origin. This work aims to represent the organic aerosol concentrations and properties (oxidation state and hydrophilicity) using the air-quality model Polyphemus with a surrogate approach for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Biogenic precursors are isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. In this work, the following model oxidation products of monoterpenes are added: (i) a carboxylic acid (MBTCA) to represent multi-generation oxidation products in the low-NOx regime, (ii) organic nitrate chemistry and (iii) extremely low-volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs) formed by ozonolysis. The model shows good agreement of measurements of organic concentrations for both 2012 and 2013 summer campaigns. The modelled oxidation property and hydrophilic organic carbon properties of the organic aerosols also agree reasonably well with the measurements. The influence of the different chemical processes added to the model on the oxidation level of organics is studied. Measured and simulated water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations show that even at a remote site next to the sea, about 64 % of the organic carbon is soluble. The concentrations of WSOC vary with the origins of the air masses and the composition of organic aerosols. The marine organic emissions only contribute to a few percent of the organic mass in PM1, with maxima above the sea.
Quantifying TOLNet ozone lidar accuracy during the 2014 DISCOVER-AQ and FRAPPÉ campaigns
Authors: Wang Lihua , Newchurch Michael J. , Alvarez II Raul J. , Berkoff Timothy A. , Brown Steven S. , Carrion William , De Young Russell J. , Johnson Bryan J. , Ganoe Rene , Gronoff Guillaume , Kirgis Guillaume , Kuang Shi , Langford Andrew O. , Leblanc Thierry , McDuffie Erin E. , McGee Thomas J. , Pliutau Denis , Senff Christoph J. , Sullivan John T. , Sumnicht Grant , Twigg Laurence W. , Weinheimer Andrew J.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) is a unique network of lidar systems that measure high-resolution atmospheric profiles of ozone. The accurate characterization of these lidars is necessary to determine the uniformity of the network calibration. From July to August 2014, three lidars, the TROPospheric OZone (TROPOZ) lidar, the Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) lidar, and the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL), of TOLNet participated in the Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) mission and the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) to measure ozone variations from the boundary layer to the top of the troposphere. This study presents the analysis of the intercomparison between the TROPOZ, TOPAZ, and LMOL lidars, along with comparisons between the lidars and other in situ ozone instruments including ozonesondes and a P-3B airborne chemiluminescence sensor. The TOLNet lidars measured vertical ozone structures with an accuracy generally better than ±15 % within the troposphere. Larger differences occur at some individual altitudes in both the near-field and far-field range of the lidar systems, largely as expected. In terms of column average, the TOLNet lidars measured ozone with an accuracy better than ±5 % for both the intercomparison between the lidars and between the lidars and other instruments. These results indicate that these three TOLNet lidars are suitable for use in air quality, satellite validation, and ozone modeling efforts.
A method for the spectral analysis and identification of Fog, Haze and Dust storm using MODIS data
Authors: Su Qinghua , Sun Lin , Di Mei , Liu Xinyan , Yang Yikun
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The three typical extreme weather of fog, haze and dust storm have occurred frequently in recent years in China. These events influence the transportation, the ecological environment, and the daily lives of people. Remote sensing is very important technology that can be used to monitor them due to its high temporal resolution and wide area of coverage. But because the spectral features of the three extreme weather conditions are very complex, the high accuracy identification of them is facing severe challenges. In this article, the spectra of these three weather conditions, as well as those of clouds and the background surface, are analyzed. A monitoring model is constructed to achieve the separation of fog, haze, dust storm, clouds and the underlying surface using satellite data. The monitoring results are tested based on their corresponding measurements obtained from ground stations, and indicate that the extraction of fog, haze and dust storm can reach a high accuracy.
Airborne Measurements of CO2 Column Concentrations made with a Pulsed IPDA Lidar using a Multiple-Wavelength-Locked Laser and HgCdTe APD Detector
Authors: Abshire James B. , Ramanathan Anand , Riris Haris , Allan Graham R. , Sun Xiaoli , Hasselbrack William E. , Mao Jianping , Wu Stewart , Chen Jeffrey , Numata Kenji , Kawa Stephan R. , Yang Mei Ying , DiGangi Joshua
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Here we report on measurements made with an improved CO2 Sounder lidar during the ASCENDS 2014 and 2016 airborne campaigns. The improvements made to the 2011 version of the lidar instrument included incorporating a rapidly wavelength tunable, step-locked seed laser in the transmitter, using a much more sensitive HgCdTe APD detector, and using an analog digitizer with faster readout time in the receiver. We also improved the lidar’s calibration approach and the XCO2 retrieval algorithm. The 2014 and 2016 flights were made over several types of topographic surfaces from 3–12 km aircraft altitudes in the continental US. The results are compared to the XCO2 values from an airborne in situ sensor during spiral-down maneuvers. The 2014 results show significantly improved performance including measurement of horizontal gradients in XCO2 made over the US Midwest that agree with chemistry transport models. The results from the 2016 airborne lidar retrievals show precisions of ~ 0.8 parts per million (ppm) with 1 second averaging over desert surfaces. Measurements in 2016 were also made over fresh snow surfaces with lower surface reflectance at the laser wavelengths. The results from both campaigns showed the mean values of XCO2 retrieved from the lidar consistently agreed with those based on the in situ sensor to within 1 ppm. The precision and accuracies demonstrated should benefit future airborne science campaigns and serve as feasibility demonstrations for a future space-based instrument.
Dissolved organic matter release by phytoplankton in the context of the Dynamic Energy Budget theory
Authors: Livanou Eleni , Lagaria Anna , Psarra Stella , Lika Konstadia
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Extracellular release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by phytoplankton is a significant process that drives the microbial loop, providing energy and nutrients to bacteria. In this paper, a dynamic energy budget model is proposed for describing DOM release by phytoplankton under nitrogen and phosphorus limiting conditions. The model allows for the distinction of the two major mechanisms of DOM release; passive diffusion related to growth and lysis of the cells and active exudation related to rejection of unprocessed substrates due to stoichiometric constraints. Model results suggest that phosphorus deficiency has less severe effect on phytoplankton growth and primary production (PP) rate than nitrogen deficiency, while co-limitation by both nutrients has the most severe effect. The dependence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release rate on the cellular carbohydrates concentration is also highlighted by the model. Furthermore, model predictions resolve the relationship between PP and DOC release under different nutrient availability scenarios, providing a possible explanation for the deviations from 1 : 1 linear relationship between PP and DOC release, often observed in oligotrophic systems. This deviation is a result of the prevalence of the active exudation mechanism and the reduction of the PP rate due to nutrient limitation. Conversely, passive diffusion is more important under nutrient-replete conditions. The different relative contributions of the two mechanisms result in different qualities of DOM produced by phytoplankton in terms of elemental and molecular composition and size fractions, with potential implications for the bioavailability of the produced DOM for bacteria and the coupling of phytoplankton-bacteria dynamics.
The World aerosol Optical depth Research and Calibration Center (WORCC), Quality assurance and quality control of GAW-PFR AOD measurements
Authors: Kazadzis Stelios , Kouremeti Natalia , Nyeki Stephan , Gröbner Julian , Wehrli Christoph
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The World Optical Depth Research Calibration Center (WORCC) is a section within the World Radiation Center at Physikalisches-Meteorologisches Observatorium (PMOD/WRC), Davos, Switzerland, established after the recommendations of WMO for calibration of AOD related sun-photometers. WORCC is mandated to develop new methods for instrument calibration, to initiate homogenization activities among different AOD networks and to run a network (GAW-PFR) of sun-photometers. In this work we describe: the calibration hierarchy and methods used under WORCC and the basic procedures, test and processing techniques in order to ensure the quality assurance and quality control of the AOD retrieved data.
ORCHILEAK (revision 3875): a new model branch to simulate carbon transfers along the terrestrial–aquatic continuum of the Amazon basin
Authors: Lauerwald Ronny , Regnier Pierre , Camino-Serrano Marta , Guenet Bertrand , Guimberteau Matthieu , Ducharne Agnès , Polcher Jan , Ciais Philippe
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Lateral transfer of carbon (C) from terrestrial ecosystems into the inland water network is an important component of the global C cycle, which sustains a large aquatic CO2 evasion flux fuelled by the decomposition of allochthonous C inputs. Globally, estimates of the total C exports through the terrestrial–aquatic interface range from 1.5 to 2.7 Pg C yr−1 (Cole et al., 2007; Battin et al., 2009; Tranvik et al., 2009), i.e. of the order of 2–5 % of the terrestrial NPP. Earth system models (ESMs) of the climate system ignore these lateral transfers of C, and thus likely overestimate the terrestrial C sink. In this study, we present the implementation of fluvial transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and CO2 into ORCHIDEE (Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems), the land surface scheme of the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace ESM. This new model branch, called ORCHILEAK, represents DOC production from canopy and soils, DOC and CO2 leaching from soils to streams, DOC decomposition, and CO2 evasion to the atmosphere during its lateral transport in rivers, as well as exchange with the soil carbon and litter stocks on floodplains and in swamps. We parameterized and validated ORCHILEAK for the Amazon basin, the world's largest river system with regard to discharge and one of the most productive ecosystems in the world. With ORCHILEAK, we are able to reproduce observed terrestrial and aquatic fluxes of DOC and CO2 in the Amazon basin, both in terms of mean values and seasonality. In addition, we are able to resolve the spatio-temporal variability in C fluxes along the canopy–soil–water continuum at high resolution (1°, daily) and to quantify the different terrestrial contributions to the aquatic C fluxes. We simulate that more than two-thirds of the Amazon's fluvial DOC export are contributed by the decomposition of submerged litter. Throughfall DOC fluxes from canopy to ground are about as high as the total DOC inputs to inland waters. The latter, however, are mainly sustained by litter decomposition. Decomposition of DOC and submerged plant litter contributes slightly more than half of the CO2 evasion from the water surface, while the remainder is contributed by soil respiration. Total CO2 evasion from the water surface equals about 5 % of the terrestrial NPP. Our results highlight that ORCHILEAK is well suited to simulate carbon transfers along the terrestrial–aquatic continuum of tropical forests. It also opens the perspective that provided parameterization, calibration and validation is performed for other biomes, the new model branch could improve the quantification of the global terrestrial C sink and help better constrain carbon cycle–climate feedbacks in future projections.
MODEL FOR SEMANTICALLY RICH POINT CLOUD DATA
Authors: Poux F. , Neuville R. , Hallot P. , Billen R.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. This paper proposes an interoperable model for managing high dimensional point clouds while integrating semantics. Point clouds from sensors are a direct source of information physically describing a 3D state of the recorded environment. As such, they are an exhaustive representation of the real world at every scale: 3D reality-based spatial data. Their generation is increasingly fast but processing routines and data models lack of knowledge to reason from information extraction rather than interpretation. The enhanced smart point cloud developed model allows to bring intelligence to point clouds via 3 connected meta-models while linking available knowledge and classification procedures that permits semantic injection. Interoperability drives the model adaptation to potentially many applications through specialized domain ontologies. A first prototype is implemented in Python and PostgreSQL database and allows to combine semantic and spatial concepts for basic hybrid queries on different point clouds.
USER REQUIREMENTS GATHERING FOR 3D GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Wong K. , Ellul C.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Despite significant developments, 3D technologies are still not fully exploited in practice due to the lack of awareness as well as the lack of understanding of who the users of 3D will be and what the user requirements are. From a National Mapping & Cadastral Agency and data acquisition perspective, each new 3D feature type and element within a feature added (such as doors, windows, chimneys, street lights) requires additional processing and cost to create. There is therefore a need to understand the importance of different 3D features and components for different applications. This will allow the direction of capture effort towards items that will be relevant to a wide range of users, as well as to understand the current status of, and interest in, 3D at a national level. This paper reports the results of an initial requirements gathering exercise for 3D geographic information in the United Kingdom (UK). It describes a user-centred design approach where usability and user needs are given extensive attention at each stage of the design process. Web-based questionnaires and semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used as complementary data collection methods to understand the user needs. The results from this initial study showed that while some applications lead the field with a high adoption of 3D, others are laggards, predominantly from organisational inertia. While individuals may be positive about the use of 3D, many struggle to justify the value and business case for 3D GI. Further work is required to identify the specific geometric and semantic requirements for different applications and to repeat the study with a larger sample.
ESTIMATING BUILDING AGE WITH 3D GIS
Authors: Biljecki F. , Sindram M.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Building datasets (e.g. footprints in OpenStreetMap and 3D city models) are becoming increasingly available worldwide. However, the thematic (attribute) aspect is not always given attention, as many of such datasets are lacking in completeness of attributes. A prominent attribute of buildings is the year of construction, which is useful for some applications, but its availability may be scarce. This paper explores the potential of estimating the year of construction (or age) of buildings from other attributes using random forest regression. The developed method has a two-fold benefit: enriching datasets and quality control (verification of existing attributes). Experiments are carried out on a semantically rich LOD1 dataset of Rotterdam in the Netherlands using 9 attributes. The results are mixed: the accuracy in the estimation of building age depends on the available information used in the regression model. In the best scenario we have achieved predictions with an RMSE of 11 years, but in more realistic situations with limited knowledge about buildings the error is much larger (RMSE = 26 years). Hence the main conclusion of the paper is that inferring building age with 3D city models is possible to a certain extent because it reveals the approximate period of construction, but precise estimations remain a difficult task.
EXPLORING BIM FOR OPERATIONAL INTEGRATED ASSET MANAGEMENT –
A PRELIMINARY STUDY UTILISING REAL-WORLD INFRASTRUCTURE DATA
Authors: Boyes G. A. , Ellul C. , Irwin D.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The use of 3D information models within collaborative working environments and the practice of Building Information Modelling (BIM) are becoming more commonplace within infrastructure projects. Currently used predominantly during the design and construction phase, the use of BIM is capable in theory of providing the information at handover that will satisfy the Asset Information Requirements (AIRs) of the future Infrastructure Manager (IM). One particular challenge is establishing a link between existing construction-centric information and the asset-centric information needed for future operations. Crossrail, a project to build a new high-frequency railway underneath London, is handling many such challenges as they prepare to handover their digital information to the future operator, in particular the need to provide a two-way link between a federated 3D CAD model and an object-relational Asset Information Management System (AIMS). This paper focusses on the potential for improved Asset Management (AM) by integrating BIM and GIS systems and practices, and makes a preliminary report on how 3D spatial queries can be used to establish a two-way relational link between two information systems (3D geometry and asset lists), as well as the challenges being overcome to transform the data to be suitable for AM.
COMPARISON OF 3D POINT CLOUDS FROM AERIAL STEREO IMAGES AND LIDAR FOR FOREST CHANGE DETECTION
Authors: Ali-Sisto D. , Packalen P.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. This study compares performance of aerial image based point clouds (IPCs) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) based point clouds in detection of thinnings and clear cuts in forests. IPCs are an appealing method to update forest resource data, because of their accuracy in forest height estimation and cost-efficiency of aerial image acquisition. We predicted forest changes over a period of three years by creating difference layers that displayed the difference in height or volume between the initial and subsequent time points. Both IPCs and LiDAR data were used in this process. The IPCs were constructed with the Semi-Global Matching (SGM) algorithm. Difference layers were constructed by calculating differences in fitted height or volume models or in canopy height models (CHMs) from both time points. The LiDAR-derived digital terrain model (DTM) was used to scale heights to above ground level. The study area was classified in logistic regression into the categories ClearCut, Thinning or NoChange with the values from the difference layers. We compared the predicted changes with the true changes verified in the field, and obtained at best a classification accuracy for clear cuts 93.1 % with IPCs and 91.7 % with LiDAR data. However, a classification accuracy for thinnings was only 8.0 % with IPCs. With LiDAR data 41.4 % of thinnings were detected. In conclusion, the LiDAR data proved to be more accurate method to predict the minor changes in forests than IPCs, but both methods are useful in detection of major changes.
GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION AND RADIOMETRIC CORRECTION OF THE MAIA MULTISPECTRAL CAMERA
Authors: Nocerino E. , Dubbini M. , Menna F. , Remondino F. , Gattelli M. , Covi D.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Multispectral imaging is a widely used remote sensing technique, whose applications range from agriculture to environmental monitoring, from food quality check to cultural heritage diagnostic. A variety of multispectral imaging sensors are available on the market, many of them designed to be mounted on different platform, especially small drones. This work focuses on the geometric and radiometric characterization of a brand-new, lightweight, low-cost multispectral camera, called MAIA. The MAIA camera is equipped with nine sensors, allowing for the acquisition of images in the visible and near infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Two versions are available, characterised by different set of band-pass filters, inspired by the sensors mounted on the WorlView-2 and Sentinel2 satellites, respectively. The camera details and the developed procedures for the geometric calibrations and radiometric correction are presented in the paper.
VISIBLE, VERY NEAR IR AND SHORT WAVE IR HYPERSPECTRAL DRONE IMAGING SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL WATER APPLICATIONS
Authors: Saari H. , Akujärvi A. , Holmlund C. , Ojanen H. , Kaivosoja J. , Nissinen A. , Niemeläinen O.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The accurate determination of the quality parameters of crops requires a spectral range from 400 nm to 2500 nm (Kawamura et al., 2010, Thenkabail et al., 2002). Presently the hyperspectral imaging systems that cover this wavelength range consist of several separate hyperspectral imagers and the system weight is from 5 to 15 kg. In addition the cost of the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) cameras is high (~ 50 k€). VTT has previously developed compact hyperspectral imagers for drones and Cubesats for Visible and Very near Infrared (VNIR) spectral ranges (Saari et al., 2013, Mannila et al., 2013, Näsilä et al., 2016). Recently VTT has started to develop a hyperspectral imaging system that will enable imaging simultaneously in the Visible, VNIR, and SWIR spectral bands. The system can be operated from a drone, on a camera stand, or attached to a tractor. The targeted main applications of the DroneKnowledge hyperspectral system are grass, peas, and cereals. In this paper the characteristics of the built system are shortly described. The system was used for spectral measurements of wheat, several grass species and pea plants fixed to the camera mount in the test fields in Southern Finland and in the green house. The wheat, grass and pea field measurements were also carried out using the system mounted on the tractor. The work is part of the Finnish nationally funded DroneKnowledge – Towards knowledge based export of small UAS remote sensing technology project.
DETECTING FORESTS DAMAGED BY PINE WILT DISEASE AT THE INDIVIDUAL TREE LEVEL USING AIRBORNE LASER DATA AND WORLDVIEW-2/3 IMAGES OVER TWO SEASONS
Authors: Takenaka Y. , Katoh M. , Deng S. , Cheung K.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Pine wilt disease is caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus). This study attempted to detect damaged pine trees at different levels using a combination of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data and high-resolution space-borne images. A canopy height model with a resolution of 50 cm derived from the ALS data was used for the delineation of tree crowns using the Individual Tree Detection method. Two pan-sharpened images were established using the ortho-rectified images. Next, we analyzed two kinds of intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) images and 18 remote sensing indices (RSI) derived from the pan-sharpened images. The mean and standard deviation of the 2 IHS images, 18 RSI, and 8 bands of the WV-2 and WV-3 images were extracted for each tree crown and were used to classify tree crowns using a support vector machine classifier. Individual tree crowns were assigned to one of nine classes: bare ground, Larix kaempferi, Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa, broadleaved trees, healthy pines, and damaged pines at slight, moderate, and heavy levels. The accuracy of the classifications using the WV-2 images ranged from 76.5 to 99.6 %, with an overall accuracy of 98.5 %. However, the accuracy of the classifications using the WV-3 images ranged from 40.4 to 95.4 %, with an overall accuracy of 72 %, which suggests poorer accuracy compared to those classes derived from the WV-2 images. This is because the WV-3 images were acquired in October 2016 from an area with low sun, at a low altitude.
POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS OF PHOTOMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION
THROUGH A FLOCK OF DOVE CUBESATS
Authors: Altena B. , Mousivand A. , Mascaro J. , Kääb A.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. When Earth observation satellite systems are designed, one typically prefers a sun-synchronous orbit. However, the first generations of cubesats from Planet were deployed out of the International Space Station (ISS) and therefore do not obey such an orbit. Their configuration samples at different local times within the mid-latitudes. Consequently, it is in theory possible to exploit photometric techniques and extract highly detailed topographic information. In this study we demonstrate and explore photometry based on Planet cubesat images for Tyndall glacier at the Southern Patagonian icefield, and Zhadang glacier situated on the Tibetan plateau.
CITYGML MODELLING FOR SINGAPORE 3D NATIONAL MAPPING
Authors: Soon K. H. , Khoo V. H. S.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Since 2014, the Land Survey Division of Singapore Land Authority (SLA) has spearheaded a Whole-of-Government (WOG) 3D mapping project to create and maintain a 3D national map for Singapore. The implementation of the project is divided into two phases. The first phase of the project, which was based on airborne data collection, has produced 3D models for Relief, Building, Vegetation and Waterbody. This part of the work was completed in 2016. To complement the first phase, the second phase used mobile imaging and scanning technique. This phase is targeted to be completed by the mid of 2017 and is creating 3D models for Transportation, CityFurniture, Bridge and Tunnel. The project has extensively adopted the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)'s CityGML standard. Out of 10 currently supported thematic modules in CityGML 2.0, the project has implemented 8. The paper describes the adoption of CityGML in the project, and discusses challenges, data validations and management of the models.
Regional snow-avalanche detection using object-based image analysis of near-infrared aerial imagery
Authors: Korzeniowska Karolina , Bühler Yves , Marty Mauro , Korup Oliver
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Snow avalanches are destructive mass movements in mountain regions that continue to claim lives and cause infrastructural damage and traffic detours. Given that avalanches often occur in remote and poorly accessible steep terrain, their detection and mapping is extensive and time consuming. Nonetheless, systematic avalanche detection over large areas could help to generate more complete and up-to-date inventories (cadastres) necessary for validating avalanche forecasting and hazard mapping. In this study, we focused on automatically detecting avalanches and classifying them into release zones, tracks, and run-out zones based on 0.25 m near-infrared (NIR) ADS80-SH92 aerial imagery using an object-based image analysis (OBIA) approach. Our algorithm takes into account the brightness, the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), the normalised difference water index (NDWI), and its standard deviation (SDNDWI) to distinguish avalanches from other land-surface elements. Using normalised parameters allows applying this method across large areas. We trained the method by analysing the properties of snow avalanches at three 4 km−2 areas near Davos, Switzerland. We compared the results with manually mapped avalanche polygons and obtained a user's accuracy of > 0.9 and a Cohen's kappa of 0.79–0.85. Testing the method for a larger area of 226.3 km−2, we estimated producer's and user's accuracies of 0.61 and 0.78, respectively, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.67. Detected avalanches that overlapped with reference data by > 80 % occurred randomly throughout the testing area, showing that our method avoids overfitting. Our method has potential for large-scale avalanche mapping, although further investigations into other regions are desirable to verify the robustness of our selected thresholds and the transferability of the method.
Sociedad del conocimiento, capital intelectual y educación musical en el siglo XXI
Authors: Bernabé Villodre María del Mar , Cremades Andreu Roberto
Published: October 2017

Los avances tecnológicos que hicieron su tímida aparición durante las últimas décadas del siglo XX y que continúan perfeccionándose a lo largo de este siglo XXI, han venido acompañados de un nuevo corpus teórico y de una nueva forma de ver la profesión docente. Conceptos como sociedad de la información y del conocimiento, economía del conocimiento y capital intelectual, han entrado a formar parte de la investigación educativa y, por tanto, de la práctica profesional. En este sentido, la educación musical ha presenciado cambios en la forma de entender su proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje para adaptarse a la Sociedad del Conocimiento.
Aportaciones de la educación musical a la educación para la paz: buscando la "transverdad" en la era de la "posverdad"
Authors: Ramirez-Hurtado Carmen
Published: October 2017

Una aportación que la educación musical hace a la sociedad es su contribución a la educación y la cultura de paz. En este trabajo se analizan los presupuestos teóricos que la investigación en  ambas áreas tiene en común a día de hoy y se propone un catálogo de categorías comunes cuyo desarrollo comporta un fortalecimiento de sus significados transversales, a la vez que se describe como la convergencia entre ambas constituye una línea emergente. Además, se propone una explicación de las implicaciones políticas que se descubren en la relegación  curricular que han sufrido en los últimos años merced a las políticas neoliberales, y una propuesta de empoderamiento desde los propios recursos.A contribution that music education provides society with is its making of education and culture of peace. In this paper we analyze the theoretical assumptions that research in both areas has in common nowadays. A catalog of shared categories is proposed; the development of them entails a strengthening of their transversal meanings, while describing how the convergence between the two subjects constitutes an emerging topic of research.Besides, an explanation of the political implications that are discovered in the curricular relegation that they have suffered in the last years thanks to the neoliberal policies is offered, together with a proposal of epowerment from their own resources.
Facies Analysis and Sequence Stratigraphy of Missole Outcrops: N’Kapa Formation of the South-Eastern Edge of Douala Sub-Basin (Cameroon)
Authors: Kwetche Paul Gustave Fowe , Ntamak-Nida Marie Joseph , Nitcheu Adrien Lamire Djomeni , Etame Jacques , Owono François Mvondo , Mbesse Cecile Olive , Kissaaka Joseph Bertrand Iboum , Ngon Gilbert Ngon , Bourquin Sylvie , Bilong Paul
Published: October 2017

Missole facies description and sequence stratigraphy analysis allow a new proposal of depositional environments of the Douala sub-basin eastern part. The sediments of Missole outcrops (N’kapa Formation) correspond to fluvial/tidal channel to shallow shelf deposits with in some place embayment deposits within a warm and semi-arid climate. Integrated sedimentologic, palynologic and mineralogical data document a comprehensive sequence stratigraphy of this part of the Douala sub-basin. Five facies associations occur: (1) facies association I is characterized by Floodplain deposits; (2) facies association II is Fluvial to mouth bar deposits; (3) facies association III characterise Shallow Shelf deposits; (4) facies association IV represents Distal bay or Lacustrine déposits; and (5) Facies association V is made of Fluvial channel deposits. Six depositional sequences were identified. These sequences are composed of four progradational sequences and two retrogradational sequences containing a fluvial channel portion represented by lag deposits at the base of retrogradational sequences. These deposits represent the outset of the relative sea level rise period. In the study area, the N’kapa Formation is composed of non-marine/coastal aggradational deposits representing the early stage of the regressive period. The occurrence of the estuarine/bay deposits with paleosols development is interpreted as evidence of climate change with significant relative base level fluctuation. The study of key minerals associated to sequence stratigraphy as well as palynology demonstrated that sequence architecture has been controlled mostly by climate evolution and outcrops are dated Paleocene – early Eocene.
Export Compliance: A Missing Component of International Entrepreneurship
Authors: Jafari Sadeghi Vahid , Biancone Paolo Pietro , Giacoma Charles , Secinaro Silvana
Published: October 2017

There is a consensus that firm’s corporate governance impacts their ability to export. Corporate governance relies on export compliance as a framework which supports enterprises in order to mitigate their risks associated with export and provides a safe platform for firms to upgrade their position in the world of trade. The aim of this paper is to widen concepts of export control and compliance framework. The paper outlines the general structure of export compliance and presents a comprehensive view of United States of America and the European Union as powers in the world. In this study, we explained the nature of the violations from the point of view of export compliance and reached to dual-use, money laundering violation and sanctions embargos or restrictive measures. The methodology of this study is documenting analysis with an inductive approach. Essential data for this study has been gathered from secondary resources including diverse scientific research articles, institutional guidance notes, guidelines, manuals and export compliance related web sites and legal provisions in legislations of different countries.
On The Two-Way Relationship between Corporate Reputation and Financial Performance in Microfinance: A Stakeholder Approach
Authors: Lusambo Lwanzo J.
Published: October 2017

This conceptual paper is grounded on three main observations. First, the lack of a theoretical framework on which a consistent model of the two-way relationship between corporate reputation and financial performance can be developed. Second, the lack of microfinance literature on the role played by corporate reputation as a social construct, and an intangible asset, in the strategic management of MFIs. Third, the impact of ethical issues and competitive challenges amplified by the commercialization of microfinance, and their threats to safeguarding the double-bottom (or triple-bottom) line of microfinance. Theoretical findings suggest that the Wu-Stuart Framework can be used as a benchmark to justify an embedded theory of firm underlying the circular link hypothesis into an institutional environment. Thus, the EP-SP-FP model highlights that MFI’s corporate reputation could act both as a moderating effect on the dynamic of MFI’s financial performance, and a mediating or balancing effect on the trade-off between social, environmental, and financial performance of MFI.
Managing Successful Overseas Assignments in Malaysia: Social Competencies, Emotional Competencies, Job Performance and Cultural Adjustment
Authors: Kartar Singh Jugindar Singh , Nik Mahmood Nik Hasnaa
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the impact of social and emotional competencies on job performance and the mediating role of cultural adjustment of expatriates engaged in the ICT sector in Malaysia. This was a quantitative research and using a survey method, data was collected from a sample of 301 expatriates. The AMOS software developed for analyzing the Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized. The findings revealed that social and emotional competencies have a significant impact towards job performance. The findings also supported the role of cultural adjustment as a mediator between competencies and job performance. The findings supported the results from some earlier studies and also bring out several new ideas such as the importance of competencies and cultural adjustment. The findings have significantly contributed to the advancement of knowledge in job performance and cultural adjustment and it is evident that expatriate social and emotional competencies facilitate job performance and cultural adjustment. The implications were in the areas of expatriate selection, training and support practices. It is recommended that organizations consider both social and emotional competencies and implement suitable HR policies to select the right candidate. The results of this study will add to the current body of knowledge as well as assist in creating foundational solutions to ensure success in expatriate global assignments in Malaysia.