bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual dysfunctions in inflammatory bowel disease: role of Mediterranean diet and quality of life
Authors: Romano Lorenzo , Fonticelli Mariano , Miranda Agnese , Priadko Kateryna , Napolitano Luigi , Crocetto Felice , Barone Biagio , Arcaniolo Davide , Spirito Lorenzo , Manfredi Celeste , Gravina Antonietta Gerarda , Sciorio Carmine , Compare Debora , Melina Raffaele , Sgambato Dolores , Orlando Ambrogio , Calderone Silvia , Nardone Olga Maria , Nardone Gerardo , Caruso Paola , Esposito Katherine , De Sio Marco , Romano Marco , Maiorino Maria Ida
Published: November 2024

Background

Dietary factors and chronic gastrointestinal diseases are frequent determinants of sexual dysfunctions (SD). Whether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with SD is not well known as well as the role of diet and quality of life (QoL).

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of SD in a cohort of IBD patients and assess the role of clinical‐demographic variables, adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) and QoL.

Materials and Methods

This is a cross‐sectional observational study involving 301 patients (134 females and 167 males); 119 had Crohn's Disease and 182 had ulcerative colitis. SD were assessed through the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Adherence to MD was evaluated by the MD Score. QoL was investigated by the 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐12) which yields summary scores of physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of SD.

Results

Prevalence of SD in females was 61.9%, while 52.1% of males had erectile dysfunction. No differences in the prevalence of SD were found between CD and UC in both males and females. IBD activity, as defined by patient‐reported outcomes, was significantly associated with SD in both sexes. In females, MD adherence score (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.653–0.974, p = 0.027), PCS (OR = 0.936, CI 95% = 0.891–0.983, p = 0.008), and MCS (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.906–0.985, p = 0.008) were protective against SD, whereas in males a higher PCS was associated with a lower probability of SD (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.891–0.978, p = 0.004)

Discussion

IBD patients had a significant prevalence of SD which occurred more frequently in females than in males. Disease activity is associated with a higher likelihood of SD in both sexes, whereas dietary factors are differentially associated with SD in males and females. A better QoL is associated with a lower risk of SD.

Conclusion

SD is prevalent among men and women with IBD. Adherence to MD, PCS and MCS in females as well as PCS in males were protective against SD. The assessment of sexual function in IBD patients could be relevant in order to reach an early diagnosis and a timely treatment.
Anti‐Imperial Autoethnographies of Family Separation: Feminist Solidarities Against Imperial Bordering in the UK
Authors: Murrey Amber , Hassan Wesam
Published: November 2024

Anti‐imperial autoethnography is an important practice for critiquing and reflecting upon encounters with imperial bordering and its junctions with the neoliberal‐corporate university. In this article, we analyse our children's visa rejections to the UK, where we work and study as immigrant academics. We argue that the Home Office's policy of what constitutes a child's “welfare” produces racialised, gendered, and classist processes through which children are legally estranged from their primary carer when they immigrate for work unaccompanied by the other parent. This heteropatriarchal policy disproportionately impacts working migrant mothers. Academic carers can be further impacted by corporate university practices that eschew institutional agency and responsibility, including by individualising interpretations of visa rejections or presuming to abstain wholesale from matters concerning migrant family welfare. We reflect on how transnational feminist friendships and solidarities challenge imperial bordering and the interfaces of border enforcement with academic institutions and spaces, and acknowledge the importance of ongoing activist work to abolish borders from within the university.
Rapid and high‐resolution handheld X‐ray backscatter subsurface imaging for field archaeology prediction
Authors: Shi Changrong , Dong Minghao , Xiao Yongshun , Xu Wenzhong , Lu Zhiyong , Zhang Yongjian , Hu Chunbo , Shi Yanxin , Wang Bo , Ding Xifeng
Published: November 2024

Rapid acquisition of millimeter‐resolution subterranean images can significantly improve the efficiency of archaeological excavation and facilitate the preservation of artifacts. For excavation sites with limited space, small and portable imaging equipment is necessary. Compton backscatter imaging (CBI) is a single‐sided non‐destructive testing technique, which typically requires a short scan time to obtain high‐resolution images. It has great potential in archaeological excavation, supporting archaeologists to make quick judgments. This research utilized a compact, easy‐to‐carry handheld backscatter system, making it particularly suitable and beneficial for on‐site archaeological excavation. Tests were performed in the framework of the excavation of a chariot pit at Dajuan Han Tomb in Xi'an (Shaanxi Province, China) to validate the applicability of this technique in imaging soil structure changes and detecting cultural artifacts. The experimental results show that CBI can clearly image bronze artifacts buried underground, which means practical value in archaeological excavation.
The Incidence of Postpartum Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder in Women Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zou Linli , Wang Shu , Chen Jingfen , Krewski Daniel , Wen Shi Wu , Lai Xiaolu , Xie Ri‐hua
Published: November 2024

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known contributors to lifelong mental health challenges. Despite studies linking ACEs to increased risk of adverse postpartum mental health outcomes, a systematic review on the occurrence of postpartum post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women with ACEs is lacking.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in seven databases to retrieve studies from inception to January 31, 2024. A random‐effects model was used to quantify weighted estimates of postpartum PTSD incidence. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software.

Results

Seven studies were included in the system review. One study was identified as an outlier and excluded from the meta‐analysis. Among the six remaining studies, 1186 women exposed to ACEs were identified, with 249 of them experiencing postpartum PTSD. The estimated incidence of postpartum PTSD among women exposed to ACEs was 22.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.1%–29.8%). Subgroup analysis revealed significant variations in incidence depending on study settings (p < 0.01) and PTSD assessment methods (p < 0.01). Due to multicollinearity among the primary variables, a meta‐regression to identify factors influencing study heterogeneity was not conducted.

Conclusion

The incidence of postpartum PTSD was 22.6% in women with ACEs, higher than that observed in the general obstetric population. This finding suggests the need to provide comprehensive postpartum care for these women.
Academic language use in middle school informational writing
Authors: Sarmiento Cherish M. , Truckenmiller Adrea J. , Cho Eunsoo , Wang Heqiao
Published: November 2024

Background

Learning to write the complex academic language (AL) associated with a discipline (like science) is a critical task in education, with middle school being a key developmental period. However, we need more research to guide how we assess students' learning to write AL, especially if we want to create assessment that guides more effective instruction.

Aims

We evaluated middle school students' informational writing for six different measures of AL to determine which ones were most strongly related to writing quality and were most indicative of the unique features of informational writing. We also examined which metrics were sensitive to growth across middle school.

Sample

Our sample consists of informational compositions from 285 students in Grade 5 (n = 175) and Grade 8 (n = 110) in a Midwestern state in the United States.

Methods

Path modelling was used to determine the degree to which the AL metrics are associated with writing quality and narrativity in each grade.

Results

Overall, the six measures of AL explained 70% of the variance in students' writing quality. We found that a new measure, number of long words, outperformed other more established measures at the word level and should be used in assessment of informational writing quality. We also found that automated scores at the sentence level better detected development across middle school grade levels than typical rubrics of writing quality.

Conclusion

Results provide promising avenues for the assessment of malleable aspects of AL in middle school informational writing.
Fibrocytes in tumor microenvironment: Identification of their fraction and novel therapeutic strategy
Authors: Mitsuhashi Atsushi , Nishioka Yasuhiko
Published: November 2024

Fibrocytes were identified as bone marrow‐derived myeloid cells that also have fibroblast‐like phenotypes, such as ECM production and differentiation to myofibroblasts. Although fibrocytes are known to contribute to various types of tissue fibrosis, their functions in the tumor microenvironment are unclear. We focused on fibrocytes as pivotal regulators of tumor progression. Our previous studies have indicated that fibrocytes induce angiogenesis and cancer stem cell‐like phenotypes by secreting various growth factors. In contrast, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐treated fibrocytes demonstrated antigen‐presenting capacity and enhanced antitumor T cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings indicate that fibrocytes have multiple effects on tumor progression. However, the detailed phenotypes of fibrocytes have not been fully elucidated because the isolation of distinct fibrocyte clusters has not been achieved without culturing in ECM‐coated conditions or intracellular staining of ECM. The development of single‐cell analyses partially resolves these problems. Single‐cell RNA sequences in CD45+ immune cells from tumor tissue identified ECM‐expressing myeloid‐like cells as distinct fibrocyte clusters. In addition, these findings enabled the isolation of tumor‐infiltrating fibrocytes as CD45+CD34+ cells. These tumor‐infiltrating fibrocytes demonstrated both antigen‐presenting ability and differentiation into myofibroblast‐like cancer‐associated fibroblasts. Considering these functions of fibrocytes in tumor progression, molecular‐targeting agents for the migration, activity, and differentiation of fibrocytes are promising therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, identification of specific cell surface markers and master regulators of fibrocytes will advance novel fibrocyte‐targeting therapies. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of tumor‐infiltrating fibrocytes and novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
Translation, Reliability and Development of a Calculator for the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Family Empowerment Scale (FES) in Caregivers of Individuals With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Santos Acsa Soares , Silva Luana Cristina da , Muniz Maria Eduarda , Farah Felipe , Souto Deisiane Oliveira , de Almeida Rithelly Barbosa , de Matos Mariana Aguiar , Chagas Paula Silva de Carvalho , Leite Hércules Ribeiro
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Care for patients with cerebral palsy (CP) poses significant challenges, with emphasis on the crucial role of family involvement in patients' well‐being. The Family Empowerment Scale (FES) assesses parents/caregivers' perception of their ability to promote and influence their children's development in three domains: family, service system and community.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to translate the FES into Brazilian Portuguese, to develop a calculator for data transformation and analysis and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale with Brazilian caregivers of children and adolescents with CP.

Methods

Translation occurred in four stages: translation, synthesis, back‐translation and review of the translated version. A calculator was then developed in the Excel program, to present data in absolute values and graphically for each subscale. Statistical analysis included Bland–Altman, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Internal Consistency, and Floor and Ceiling Effect.

Results

In total, 50 parents and caregivers participated to the measurement properties investigation, and the scale demonstrated good reliability for the family (ICC = 0.80) and services (ICC = 0.81) subscales, as well as for the overall scale (ICC = 0.88). The community subscale showed moderate reliability (ICC = 0.68), with an adequate Cronbach's alpha (0.89). The FES showed no ceiling or floor effects and a small limit of agreement. The data of all participants were analysed using the calculator.

Conclusion

The FES‐Brazilian Portuguese presented good reliability for assessing family empowerment in caregivers of children and adolescents with CP in Brazil, offering insights into this construct and guiding family‐centred interventions. In addition, the calculator could be viable for adequate management and dissemination of data.
Featured Cover
Authors: Luo Yuwen , Li Jun , Zheng Lv , Reyimjan Yizaitiguli , Ma Yan , Huang Shuaixiang , Liu Hongyu , Zhou Guizhen , Bai Jiachen , Zhu Yixiao , Sun Yidan , Zou Xinhua , Hou Yunpeng , Fu Xiangwei
Published: November 2024

The cover image is based on the article Procyanidin B2 improves developmental capacity of bovine oocytes via promoting PPARγ/UCP1‐mediated uncoupling lipid catabolism during in vitro maturation by Yuwen Luo et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.13687.

image
Melanoma Diagnosis in the Mihm Era—And Beyond
Authors: Elder David E.
Published: November 2024

During the illustrious career of Martin C. Mihm Jr., MD, the diagnosis of melanoma underwent significant changes, to which he made many contributions. In early descriptions, melanomas were fungating tumor masses that were obviously malignant, and highly lethal. In seminal work by Dr. Mihm and his mentor, Wallace H. Clark, Jr., MD, the early phases of development of these neoplasms were recognized and distinguished from the more advanced disease. It was generally believed that the early stage of melanoma, termed radial growth phase (RGP) and characterized by absence of vertical growth phase (VGP) and by favorable microstaging attributes could be recognized, excised, and cured, thus preventing the development of advanced disease. However, strenuous efforts in this direction over several decades have resulted in little or no change in mortality, leading to the recognition that many of these neoplasms, at least, may not be true biological malignancies, and to the conclusion that overdiagnosis commonly occurs in this disease, which is defined as representing diagnosis as melanoma of a neoplasm that would not have had the capacity to cause death or symptoms in the lifetime of the host. Although there may be other subsets of neoplasms in this category, an important category of overdiagnosis in melanomas is concentrated in T1a melanomas that lack VGP. If these neoplasms can be recognized with sensitive and specific criteria, which may already be available, changes in terminology may be appropriate, recognizing that some of them may have low malignant potential, whereas others may have no capacity at all for metastasis and may not warrant the use of the term “melanoma.”
Peroral digital cholangioscopy‐assisted removal of a migrated biliary plastic stent using a novel small dilating balloon
Authors: Hirakawa Noriyuki , Mukai Shuntaro , Itoi Takao
Published: November 2024

Watch a video of this article.
Non‐clinical and first‐in‐human characterization of ECC5004/AZD5004, a novel once‐daily, oral small‐molecule GLP‐1 receptor agonist
Authors: Haggag Amina Z. , Xu Jianfeng , Butcher Laurie , Pagnussat Sandra , Davies Graeme , Lundqvist Sara , Wang Wenyu , Van Zuydam Natalie , Nelander Karin , Jha Aruni , Yu Hongtao , Boianelli Alessandro , Lindmark Bosse , Ollerstam Anna , Sun Xuefeng , Wang Fan , Pan Xiaoliang , Liu Haihui , Chen Wengang , Xu Jianfeng , Wallenius Kristina , Zhou Jingye
Published: November 2024

Aims

GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are proven therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight or obesity. We performed non‐clinical and first‐in‐human (FIH) evaluation of ECC5004/AZD5004, an oral small‐molecule GLP‐1 RA.

Materials and Methods

ECC5004 was profiled in cell lines overexpressing human GLP‐1R, in glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays in a human β‐cell line and non‐human primates (NHPs). To evaluate safety, ECC5004 was orally administered to NHPs for 9 months and a phase I, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled FIH study was conducted. This study evaluated single doses of ECC5004 (1–300 mg) in healthy volunteers, and multiple daily doses (5, 10, 30 and 50 mg) in patients with T2DM for 28 days.

Results

ECC5004 bound to the hGLP‐1R (IC50 = 2.4 nM) augmented cAMP signalling without β‐arrestin‐2 recruitment or receptor internalization. ECC5004 potentiated GSIS in both EndoC‐βH5 cells (EC50 = 5.9 nM) and in vivo in NHPs (EC50 = 0.022 nM). Dose‐dependent body weight changes compared to control were seen in the 9‐month NHP toxicity study. In the first‐in‐human study, ECC5004 was well tolerated with no serious adverse events. Dose‐dependent reductions in glucose and body weight were observed with a dose‐proportional exposure at doses ≥25 mg.

Conclusion

ECC5004 engaged the GLP‐1R across the therapeutic dose range tested and had a safety and tolerability profile consistent with other GLP‐1 RAs, along with a pharmacokinetic profile compatible with once‐daily oral dosing. These data support continued development of ECC5004 as a potential therapy for T2DM and overweight or obesity. Clinical trial registration: NCT05654831.
Parental depressive symptoms and child psychopathology: Effects of parenting‐specific emotion regulation and emotion socialization
Authors: Rodriguez Violeta J. , Zegarac Miriam C. , Brumbaugh Taylor S. , La Barrie Dominique L. , Terry Jenna B. , Shaffer Anne
Published: November 2024

Objective

The study explores the associations among parental depressive symptoms, child symptoms of psychopathology, emotion socialization (ES), and parenting‐specific emotion regulation (ER) using a novel measure, the Regulating Emotions in Parenting Scale (REPS).

Background

There is a notable correlation between parental depressive symptoms and symptoms of psychopathology in children. Empirical studies have also observed a correlation in the intergenerational patterns of ER, as well as their relations to ES. Investigating these relations in nonclinical samples is vital for understanding these risk factors and how they relate to child mental health.

Method

The study sample was comprised of n = 315 mothers and fathers and used a cross‐sectional design. Assessments were conducted on parental depressive symptoms, child psychopathology, ES, and parenting‐specific ER (REPS).

Results

Our findings revealed that parental depressive symptoms were significantly associated with all ER strategies in the parenting context. These ER strategies, in turn, were related to unsupportive ES practices, which were further related to child psychopathology. Parenting‐specific ER strategies and parents' supportive ES had a significant indirect effect on the association between parental depressive symptoms and child psychopathology. However, only indirect effects through unsupportive ES and suppression and rumination were significant, not adaptive ER.

Conclusions

The study's cross‐sectional correlations provide support for the role of parenting‐specific ER as it relates to ES, parental, and child psychopathology.

Implications

Findings imply that how parents regulate their emotions during parenting significantly affects their ability to engage in supportive ES practices, but replication in a longitudinal framework is warranted.
Facilitating acculturation of internationally educated nurses: A meta‐synthesis of social integration strategies
Authors: Foo Huili Eugenia , Goh Yong Shian
Published: November 2024

Aim

To explore the social integration strategies adopted by internationally educated nurses during acculturation and to elucidate their role in facilitating successful adaptation to their host countries.

Background

With their remarkable resilience, internationally educated nurses navigate numerous challenges in their acculturation process in the host country.

Introduction

While the importance of effective social integration strategies in the acculturation and subsequent retention of internationally educated nurses is well known, the specific strategies adopted by these nurses have not been extensively explored. This study aims to fill this gap with its unique and significant focus on these strategies.

Methods

Eight electronic databases were searched for English articles from inception to October 2023 to ensure a comprehensive review. The quality of the included studies was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist. A meta‐synthesis was performed using Sandelowski and Barroso's two‐step approach, and a thematic analysis was performed according to Braun and Clarke's framework.

Findings

This review included experiences of 258 internationally educated nurses across 16 primary studies and has yielded the overarching theme of ‘fostering a sense of belonging’. The overarching theme is supported by three themes: (1) cultivating social capital, (2) employing effective communications, and (3) engaging with the community.

Discussion

Internationally educated nurses' social integration is a complex process that leverages support networks, establishing connections and overcoming communication barriers. However, the most crucial element is the active involvement of the host community, which plays a significant role in internationally educated nurses’ acculturation journey.

Conclusion and implications for nursing practice

This review has highlighted the importance of social integration in internationally educated nurses’ acculturation journey. Interventions such as having a supportive social network, providing a customised communication programme, organising engagement activities and granting overseas home leave are practical strategies that can enhance this journey.
Experiences of Nurses Speaking Up in Healthcare Settings: A Qualitative Metasynthesis
Authors: Lee Eunhee , De Gagne Jennie C. , Randall Paige S. , Tuttle Brandi , Kwon Hyunjeong
Published: November 2024

Aim

To systematically review and synthesise qualitative research on nurses' experiences of speaking up in various contexts and to identify factors facilitating or impeding such a behaviour.

Design

This review was conducted as a qualitative metasynthesis, utilising the qualitative meta‐ethnography approach.

Methods

A total of 6250 articles were screened. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full texts. A total of 15 studies were included in this review. Researchers conducted a quality appraisal using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. An a priori protocol was created and registered on the Open Science Framework.

Data Sources

Literature searches were conducted in five international bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) and five Korean databases (RISS, KISS, DBpia, KCI and NDSL).

Results

Three main themes were identified from the 15 studies used in the metasynthesis: (1) decisional complexity of speaking up, (2) motivators for speaking up and (3) barriers to speaking up. Nurses experienced challenges in speaking up. They were, and continue to be, concerned about negative responses. Hierarchy structure and poor work environment were identified as barriers to speaking up; professional responsibility and a supportive atmosphere were identified as facilitators for speaking up.

Conclusions

This review synthesised nurses' experiences of speaking up and influencing factors. Speaking up is crucial for nurses to improve patient safety, as frontline nurses are ideally positioned to observe early indicators of unsafe conditions in healthcare delivery.

Impact

Identified motivators and barriers of nurses' speaking‐up behaviour offer considerations and opportunities for healthcare leaders and managers. This could lead to improvement in patient safety through the establishment of a safety culture that facilitates nurses' speaking‐up behaviour.

Reporting Method

The review adhered to the ENTREQ guideline.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution has been made in this review.
Prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with early‐onset and late‐onset colorectal cancer with second primary malignancies
Authors: Chen Fan , Chen Jiayu , Luo Dakui , Zhang Ruijia , Yang Yufei , Li Qingguo , Li Xinxiang
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

The risk of developing a second primary malignancy differs among colorectal cancer patients in different age groups. This study aimed to investigate the differences in prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with early‐onset colorectal cancer and late‐onset colorectal cancer who developed second primary malignancies.

Methods

The study included 15 489 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between January 2008 and December 2018. Data pertaining to these patients were derived from the database.

Results

A total of 680 (4.5%) patients subsequently developed a second primary malignancy. Considering death as a competing event, the 10‐year cumulative risk of second primary malignancy for early‐onset colorectal cancer was 5.3%, compared with 7.3% for late‐onset colorectal cancer. Cox analysis showed that late‐onset colorectal cancer, colon cancer, smaller tumor size, and fewer tumor nodules without residual lymph node structure, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were independent risk factors for second primary malignancy. In our patient cohort, early‐onset colorectal cancer was associated with better prognosis compared to late‐onset colorectal cancer, for both overall survival and second primary malignancy‐free survival. In addition, there was insufficient evidence that early‐onset colorectal cancer also affected prognosis after the occurrence of second primary malignancies.

Conclusions

The risk of early‐onset colorectal cancer subsequently developing second primary malignancy was significantly lower than late‐onset colorectal cancer, and the second primary malignancies of early‐onset colorectal cancer were more likely to be colorectal cancer. Overall survival and second primary malignancy‐free survival of early‐onset colorectal cancer were consistently better than late‐onset colorectal cancer.
Does War Make States? Military Spending and the Italian State‐Building, 1861–1945
Authors: Pistoresi Barbara , Salsano Francesco , Incerpi Andrea
Published: November 2024

We present empirical evidence on the relationship between military spending and the expansion of other government budget items and tax revenues from the unification of Italy (1861) up to the end of World War II. Until 1922, investments in education and social transfers to families mainly moved in step with defence spending. This means that increases in defence spending imply an increase in both education spending and transfers. Moreover, transfers also play a compensatory role during recessions. Increases in defence spending do not crowd out investment in capital expenditure, while disinvestment in defence is associated with an increase in investment in capital. The pro‐cyclical behaviour of tax revenues is compatible with the debt‐financing dynamic of much government expenditure. Although our analytical narrative is not universally valid, it does support the persistent centrality of external wars in the discontinuous growth and expansion of central government in the Italian state, with some exceptions explained by historical events.
The Bidirectionality of Pragmatic Transfer in Chinese English Language Learners' Compliment Responses: The Effects of Second Language Proficiency
Authors: Zhang Ying
Published: November 2024

A handful of second language (L2) studies have explored bidirectional pragmatic transfer: forward pragmatic transfer—the influence of learners' first language (L1) on their L2—and reverse pragmatic transfer—the impact of learners' L2 on their L1. This explanatory sequential mixed‐methods study investigated how L2 proficiency influenced the bidirectionality of pragmatic transfer in compliment responses. Thirty‐four intermediate English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) learners and 34 advanced EFL learners were recruited from a university in China. The results of computer‐mediated communication via WeChat showed that, similar to L1 Chinese speakers, the intermediate learners tended to deny compliments in English, indicating forward pragmatic transfer. Like L1 English speakers, the advanced learners frequently accepted compliments in Chinese, suggesting reverse pragmatic transfer. Furthermore, when responding to compliments in Chinese or English, some advanced learners preferred to accept compliments first and then deny them. Findings from interviews revealed that identity and language prestige might affect bidirectional pragmatic transfer.
Epidemiology and Risk Determinants of Drug‐Induced Liver Injury: Current Knowledge and Future Research Needs
Authors: Suzuki Ayako , MinjunChen
Published: November 2024

Aims

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a major global health concern resulting from adverse reactions to medications, supplements or herbal medicines. The relevance of DILI has grown with an aging population, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the increased use of biologics, including checkpoint inhibitors. This article aims to summarise current knowledge on DILI epidemiology and risk factors.

Methods

This review critically appraises available evidence on DILI frequency, outcomes and risk determinants, focusing on drug properties and non‐genetic host factors that may influence susceptibility.

Results

DILI incidence varies across populations, with hospitalised patients experiencing notably higher rates than outpatients or the general population. Increased medication use, particularly among older adults and women, may partly explain age‐ and sex‐based disparities in DILI incidence and reporting. Physiological changes associated with aging likely increase susceptibility to DILI in older adults, though further exposure‐based studies are needed for definitive conclusions. Current evidence does not strongly support that women are inherently more susceptible to DILI than men; rather, susceptibility appears to depend on specific drugs. However, once DILI occurs, older age and female sex are associated with greater severity and poorer outcomes. Other less‐studied host‐related risk factors are also discussed based on available evidence.

Conclusions

This article summarises existing data on DILI frequency, outcomes, drug properties affecting hepatotoxicity and non‐genetic host risk factors while identifying critical knowledge gaps. Addressing these gaps through future research could enhance understanding and support preventive measures.
Pediatric Topical Steroid Withdrawal Syndrome: What Is Known, What Is Unknown
Authors: Ahuja Kripa , Lio Peter
Published: November 2024

Topical steroid withdrawal syndrome (TSW) is a debated condition marked by burning erythema, severe itching, and dry skin following the discontinuation of topical corticosteroids (TCS). This study reviewed reported pediatric TSW cases. With a total of 21 cases reported (inconsistent data provided), 60% (6/10) used TCS on the face; 69% (9/13) were associated with an escalation in potency of TCS and 75% (3/4) were the erythematoedematous variant. Overall, data on TSW in children is lacking and standardized diagnostic criteria are needed.
Physiological and transcriptomic characterization of cold acclimation in endodormant grapevine under different temperature regimes
Authors: Wang Hongrui , Kovaleski Al P. , Londo Jason P.
Published: November 2024

It is essential for the survival of grapevines in cool climate viticultural regions where vines properly acclimate in late fall and early winter and develop freezing tolerance. Climate change‐associated abnormities in temperature during the dormant season, including oscillations between prolonged warmth in late fall and extreme cold in midwinter, impact cold acclimation and threaten the sustainability of the grape and wine industry. We conducted two experiments in controlled environment to investigate the impacts of different temperature regimes on cold acclimation ability in endodormant grapevine buds through a combination of freezing tolerance‐based physiological and RNA‐seq‐based transcriptomic monitoring. Results show that exposure to a constant temperature, whether warm (22 and 11°C), moderate (7°C), or cool (4 and 2°C) was insufficient for triggering cold acclimation and increasing freezing tolerance in dormant buds. However, when the same buds were exposed to temperature cycling (7±5°C), acclimation occurred, and freezing tolerance was increased by 5°C. We characterized the transcriptomic response of endodormant buds to high and low temperatures and temperature cycling and identified new potential roles for the ethylene pathway, starch and sugar metabolism, phenylpropanoid regulation, and protein metabolism in the genetic control of endodormancy maintenance. Despite clear evidence of temperature‐responsive transcription in endodormant buds, our current understanding of the genetic control of cold acclimation remains a challenge when generalizing across grapevine tissues and phenological stages.
The capacity limitations of multiple‐template visual search during task preparation and target selection
Authors: Grubert Anna , Wang Ziyi , Williams Ella , Jimenez Mikel , Remington Roger , Eimer Martin
Published: November 2024

Visual search is guided by mental representations of target‐defining features (attentional templates) that are activated in a preparatory fashion. It remains unknown how many templates can be maintained concurrently, and what kind of costs are associated with multiple‐template versus single‐template search. Here, we compared the operation of attentional templates during three‐color and single‐color search tasks. Preparatory template activation processes were tracked by measuring N2pc components to task‐irrelevant singleton color probes that appeared in rapid succession during the interval between search displays. These probes attract attention (as indexed by an N2pc) if the corresponding color template is active at the time when the probe appears. In a three‐color search task where target identity was fully predictable (Experiment 1), only probes that matched the upcoming target color triggered N2pcs, demonstrating that only a single target template was activated. When three possible color targets appeared randomly and unpredictably (Experiment 2), probes that matched any of these colors triggered N2pcs, demonstrating that all three templates were activated concurrently. However, relative to a single‐color search task, clear costs emerged in this three‐color task for attentional guidance toward search targets and for search performance. These costs appear to be linked to inhibitory interactions between simultaneously active search templates. These findings show that while at least three target templates can be maintained in parallel, multiple‐template search is still subject to capacity limitations which affect both template‐guided attentional guidance and the subsequent selective processing of search targets.
On the Double Moore–Gibson–Thompson System of Thermoviscoelasticity
Authors: Dell'Oro Filippo , Liverani Lorenzo , Pata Vittorino , Quintanilla Ramon
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we address the system made by two coupled one‐dimensional Moore–Gibson–Thompson equations
arising in the description of thermoviscoelastic materials. Here, while . When both the MGT equations lie in the subcritical regime, that is,
we prove that the system generates an exponentially stable solution semigroup. This improves some recent results in the literature, where the exponential stability is attained only within either a stronger condition than subcriticality of both equations, or when and are sufficiently close. The key idea is to deduce the exponential stability from that of a related system, made by two coupled equations of the viscoelasticity type. The latter result has also an independent interest.
Understanding the influence of suicide bereavement on the cognitive availability of suicide: Qualitative interview study of UK adults
Authors: Jones Poppy , Quayle Katie E. , Kamboj Sunjeev K. , Di Simplicio Martina , Pitman Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Background

People bereaved by suicide are at increased risk of suicide. Potential explanations include changes in the cognitive availability of suicide after suicide bereavement, but this has been under‐investigated. This study aimed to investigate how suicide bereavement influences thoughts about suicide, including methods considered.

Method

We interviewed 20 UK‐based adultswho reported having been preoccupied by the suicide of a close contact, analyzing qualitative data using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

We identified four main themes: divergent changes in views about suicide as an option; impact of the method used on consideration of own potential method of suicide (including an aversion to the same method); experience of suicidal ideation as a means of understanding the deceased's state of mind; and thoughts related to reunion with the deceased.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the trauma of exposure to a close contact's suicide can modify the cognitive availability of suicide in divergent ways, including suicide being perceived as a more or less acceptable option, and a tension between the two. These insights assist clinicians in sensitive exploration of suicide bereavement and in risk mitigation. They suggest revisions to existing models of cognitive availability and the potential for psychological interventions that modify the cognitive availability of suicide.
A Scoping Review of Arthropod‐Borne Flavivirus Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Im Seohyeon , Altuame Fadie , Gonzalez‐Bocco Isabel H. , Martins de Oliveira Filho Cilomar , Shipper Andrea Goldstein , Malinis Maricar , Foppiano Palacios Carlo
Published: November 2024

Arthropod‐borne flaviviruses (ABFs), transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks, are increasing due to climate change and globalization. This scoping review examines the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostics, treatment, and outcomes of ABF infection in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). A database search up to January 25, 2024, focused on ABFs such as West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Powassan virus (POWV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV), limited to SOTRs.

We identified 173 WNV cases from 84 studies, with 28 donor‐derived infections (DDIs). Common clinical features included fever (78.5%), altered mental status (65.1%), and weakness or paralysis (45.6%). Treatment involved reducing immunosuppression (IS) in 93 cases, with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), interferon alfa‐2b, and ribavirin used in 75 cases. Seven cases involved graft loss or rejection post‐infection. WNV infection had a 23.7% mortality rate, with severe neurological complications in 43.9%

For DENV infection, 386 cases from 47 studies were identified, including 14 DDI cases. Symptoms included fever (85%), myalgias (56.4%), and headache or retro‐orbital pain (34.6%). Severe dengue occurred in 50 cases (13.0%). IVIG was administered in six cases. Reduction in IS was reported in 116 patients. DENV mortality rate was 4.9%.

Additionally, 26 cases of less common ABFs such as JEV, POWV, YFV, and ZIKV were described.

In summary, ABF infections among SOTRs are associated with higher morbidity and mortality compared to the general population, emphasizing the need for improved preventive strategies, timely diagnosis, and optimized management protocols.

image
Evaluation of cerebral autoregulation in dogs via transcranial color‐coded duplex sonography and transient hyperemia testing
Authors: Donati Pablo A. , Tarragona Lisa , Zaccagnini Andrea S. , Nigro Nestor M. , Díaz Alfredo J. , Fuensalida Santiago E. , Sández Cordero Ignacio , Espiñeira Ignacio M , Otero Pablo E
Published: November 2024

Objective

To evaluate the changes in flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery before and after a carotid compression maneuver using transcranial color‐coded duplex sonography (TCCD) in healthy anesthetized dogs under mechanical ventilation.

Design

Prospective study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Eleven healthy adult dogs.

Interventions

A 5‐second carotid occlusion maneuver was performed to evaluate cerebral autoregulation (CA).

Measurements and Main Results

After 10 minutes of stable anesthesia, the middle cerebral artery was evaluated by TCCD. Dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency with the head raised to the level of the phlebostatic axis. The systolic peak velocity (Vp) was measured using pulsed Doppler mode. CA was evaluated through the transient hyperemia test (THT), which assesses changes in the Vp after a 5‐second transient compression of the ipsilateral common carotid artery and is expressed as the ratio between the Vp flow before and after carotid compression. The Vp before and after carotid occlusion was compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The median Vp of the middle cerebral artery after the carotid compression maneuver was significantly higher than the median Vp before compression (median [interquartile range, IQR]: 47.7 cm/s [34.3] vs 64.1 cm/s [24.4]; P = 0.003). The median THT obtained was 1.20 (IQR: 0.37).

Conclusions

The current study demonstrated a significant increase in the Vp of the middle cerebral artery after a 5‐second temporary occlusion of the ipsilateral carotid artery in healthy anesthetized dogs under mechanical ventilation. These findings suggest that the noninvasive TCCD methodology could be valuable for assessing CA in dogs. Additional studies using this technique in neurocritical animals are required to confirm its usefulness.
Bicavitary septic effusion associated with staphylococcal cholecystitis in a dog
Authors: Mattavelli Clara , Simpson Matthew , Szladovits Balazs , de los Santos Laura , Meeson Richard , Tayler Sarah , Cole Laura
Published: November 2024

Objective

To describe a case of concurrent septic pyothorax, peritonitis, and cholecystitis due to Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a dog.

Case Summary

A 10‐year‐old neutered male, medium‐sized, mixed‐breed dog presented with an acute abdomen. Initial investigations found the presence of a septic pyothorax, septic peritonitis, and bacterial cholecystitis. Exploratory celiotomy did not identify the source of infection, and no macroscopic communication between pleural and peritoneal space was detected. An abdominal Jackson‐Pratt drain and bilateral small‐bore thoracostomy tubes were placed for further management, with the dog receiving antimicrobial therapy and intensive supportive care. Subsequently, microbiological cultures confirmed scant growth of S. pseudintermedius in bile, pleural, and peritoneal fluid. The dog was discharged after 1 week of hospitalization. Antimicrobial therapy was discontinued 4 weeks after discharge due to an improvement of clinical signs and normalization of C‐reactive protein concentration. A diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism was made 6 weeks after discharge, and appropriate therapy was initiated.

New or Unique Information Provided

Septic peritonitis and septic pyothorax are both common life‐threatening conditions in veterinary medicine. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report describing septic bicavitary effusion associated with a biliary staphylococcal infection in a dog. The exact mechanism by which the infection spread remains unclear, but hematogenous or lymphatic routes are considered the most probable. However, the presence of microscopic diaphragmatic defects and an anicteric gallbladder rupture cannot completely be excluded. The concurrent hyperadrenocorticism may have also contributed to an immunocompromised state, predisposing the dog to the development of infection.
Ultrasound radiomics in the assessment of breast cancer molecular subtypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Jianan , Wu Jialing , Zhu Changfu , An Qi
Published: November 2024

Aim: Accurate prediction of preoperative molecular subtypes of breast cancer is crucial for treatment planning and prognosis evaluation of patients. This systematic review aims to investigate the capacity of ultrasound radiomics in accurately identifying the molecular subtypes of breast cancer.Material and methods: We conducted a thorough search of  PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify relevant research up until May 2024. We pooled sensitivity, speciﬁcity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and the area under the curve (AUC) to summarize the ability of ultrasound radiomics to predict Luminal type and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) type in patient with breast cancer. Results: Our meta-analysis found that nine studies provided ultrasound radiomics predictions for TNBC. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.64, 0.89, and 0.86, respectively. Four studies have provided the ultrasound radiomics prediction of Luminal molecular subtype breast cancer. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.89, 0.79, and 0.90, respectively. There are two studies that predict Luminal A, Luminal B and Her 2+molecular subtype by ultrasound radiology, but they cannot be synthesized quantitatively because of the small number of studies.Conclusion: Ultrasound radiomics has a good diagnostic performance in predicting molecular subtypes in breast cancer.