bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Flood Reduction in Residential Urban Areas
Authors: Freni Gabriele , Liuzzo Lorena
Published: July 2019

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have many benefits being an effective alternative water supply solution, not only in arid and semi-arid regions. Also, these systems can be useful in the reduction of flood risk in urban areas. Nevertheless, most of the studies in literature focused on the potential of RWH in reducing water consumption, whereas few examples examined their efficiency in the retention of stormwater in flood-susceptible residential areas. The aim of this work was to investigate the reliability of RWH systems in terms of stormwater retention. Specifically, the performance of RWH tanks to supply water for toilet flushing, in more than 400 single-family houses in a residential area of Sicily (Southern Italy) was analyzed. The area of study was chosen due to its high susceptibility to flooding. A flushing water demand pattern was defined using water consumption data collected during a measurement campaign. The yield-after-spillage algorithm was used to simulate the daily water balance of the RWH tanks. The effect of the RWH implementation on flood volumes in the area of study was quantified using FLO-2D. Results point out that the potential of neighborhood RWH installation in the mitigation of flood risk is highly related to rainfall amount.
Biochar from A Freshwater Macroalga as A Potential Biosorbent for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Michalak Izabela , Baśladyńska Sylwia , Mokrzycki Jakub , Rutkowski Piotr
Published: July 2019

The multi-elemental composition, surface texture and morphology of biochar, produced by pyrolysis at 300, 350, 400 and 450 °C from freshwater macroalga Cladophora glomerata, as a biosorbent of toxic metals was examined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. It was found that the yield of pyrolysis was inversely proportional to temperature: for 300 °C it was 63%, whereas for 450 °C—47%. The proximate analysis revealed that also biochar’s moisture and volatile matter was inversely proportional to temperature. The content of ash increased with temperature. All biochars were characterized by a similar total pore area of about 20 m2 g−1. FT-IR analysis showed that all biochars peaked at 3500–3100 cm−1 which was attributed to O–H stretching of the hydroxyl groups, at 2850–2970 cm−1, stretching vibrations of C–H bonds in aliphatic CH2 and CH groups, at 1605 cm−1, stretching vibrations from C=C of aromatics, at 1420 cm−1, bending oscillations from CH2, at about 1111 cm−1, stretching vibrations of Si–O, at 618 cm−1, vibrations from Fe–O bonds, and at 475 cm−1—Si–O–Si deformation vibrations. The biosorption properties of biochar towards Cr(III) ions were examined in kinetic studies. The biosorption capacity of biochar increased with an increase of pyrolysis temperature: the highest was for biochar obtained at 450 °C—87.1 mg Cr(III) g−1 and the lowest at 300 °C—45.9 mg g−1. Cladophora biochar also demonstrated a good ability to simultaneously remove metal ions from a multi-metal system, e.g., wastewater. The removal efficiency for Cr(III) was 89.9%, for Cu(II) 97.1% and for Zn(II) 93.7%. The biochar derived from waste-freshwater macroalgae can be a potent and eco-friendly alternative adsorptive material.
Site Selection of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Systems in Shallow Groundwater Conditions
Authors: Al-Madhlom Qais , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Laue Jan , Nordell Bo , Hussain Hussain Musa
Published: July 2019

Underground thermal energy storage (UTES) systems are well known applications around the world, due to their relation to heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) applications. There are six kinds of UTES systems, they are tank, pit, aquifer, cavern, tubes, and borehole. Apart from the tank, all other kinds are site condition dependent (hydro-geologically and geologically). The aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system is a widespread and desirable system, due to its thermal features and feasibility. In spite of all the advantages which it possesses, it has not been adopted in very shallow groundwater (less than 2 m depth) regions, till now, due to the susceptibility of the storage efficiency of these systems to the in-site parameters. This paper aims to find a reliable method that can be used to find the best location to install ATES systems. The concept of the suggested method is based on integrating three methods. They are, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), the DRASTIC index method, and ArcMap/GIS software. The results from this method include a criterion that summarizes the best location to install an ATES system. This criterion is depicted by ArcMap/GIS software, producing raster maps that specify the best location for the storage system. The suggested method can be used to find the best location to install the thermal storage, especially in susceptible aquifers.
Dissolved Carbon Transport and Processing in North America’s Largest Swamp River Entering the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: DelDuco Emily M. , Xu Y. Jun
Published: July 2019

Transport and transformation of riverine dissolved carbon is an important component of global carbon cycling. The Atchafalaya River (AR) flows 189 kilometers through the largest bottomland swamp in North America and discharges ~25% of the flow of the Mississippi River into the Gulf of Mexico annually, providing a unique opportunity to study the floodplain/wetland impacts on dissolved carbon. The aim of this study is to determine how dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the AR change spatially and seasonally, and to elucidate which processes control the carbon cycling in this intricate swamp-river system. From May 2015 to May 2016, we conducted monthly river sampling from the river’s inflow to its outflow, analyzing samples for concentrations and δ13C stable isotope composition of DOC and DIC. We found that DIC concentrations in the AR were three times higher than the DOC concentrations on average, and showed more pronounced downstream changes than the DOC. During the study period, the river discharged a total of 5.35 Tg DIC and a total of 2.34 Tg DOC into the Gulf of Mexico. Based on the mass inflow–outflow balance, approximately 0.53 Tg (~10%) of the total DIC exported was produced within the floodplain/wetland system, while 0.24 Tg (~10%) of the DOC entering the basin was removed. The AR’s water was consistently oversaturated with CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) above the atmospheric pCO2 (with pCO2 varying from 551 µatm to 6922 µatm), indicating a large source of DIC from river waters to the atmosphere as well as to the coastal margins. Largest changes in carbon constituents occurred during periods of greatest inundation of the swamp-river basin and corresponded with shifts in isotopic composition. This effect was particularly pronounced during the initial flood stages, supporting the hypothesis that subtropical floodplains can act as effective enhancers of the biogeochemical cycling of dissolved carbon.
Columna lumbar y hernias discales
Authors: Bonilla Alvarado Francisco
Published: July 2019

El núcleo pulposo tiene la función de absorber la carga axial sobre la columna vertebral y transfiere la energía al anillo fibroso, de tal manera que dicha carga de convierte en una fuerza de compresión a estrés, permitiendo la transmisión de energía del núcleo pulposo al anillo, manteniendo la altura del disco, el contenido de agua y su función mecánica. Por tanto, el DIV funciona como un cojín hidráulico a presión, que trasmite y absorbe cargas. Su rotura o pérdida de la imbibición hidráulica hace perder esta propiedad biomecánica del DIV.
Indice
Authors: Tecnológicos Alcances
Published: July 2019

ARTÍCULOSEvaluación de dos híbridos de tomate Cherry(Lycopersicum sculentum Mill.) bajo ambiente protegidoen Puriscal, Costa Rica. Carlos Cordero Morales, JorgeRojas Madrigal ................................................................3Diferentes técnicas de manejo de pejibaye (Bactrisgasipaes K.) para palmito y sus efectos en la producción,incidencia de la ̈bacteriosis ̈ y del ̈picudo ̈. AntonioBogantes Arias ................................................................9Evaluación de leguminosas herbáceas forrajeras ensistemas de producción de leche de altura.María Mesén Villalobos, William Sánchez Ledezma .......19Comparación de la calidad del heno de pasto Transvala(Digitaria decumbens cv. Transvala) producido bajo riego,heno de pasto Transvala comercial y pacas de paja dearroz mediante la ganancia de peso de toretes estabulados.Jorge Morales González ...............................................27NOTA TÉCNICAProducción de almácigos de cebolla (Allium cepa) bajocobertura plástica en Cañas, Guanacaste. RobertoRamírez Matarrita, Jhonny Aguilar Rodríguez, Luis MezaRodríguez .............................................................................37ANÁLISIS Y COMENTARIOSGestión del conocimiento en el marco de la transferencia detecnología agropecuaria. Laura Ramírez Cartín , LeonardoE. Cordero Jenkins .............................................................47Normativa y procedimientos para la publicación de artículoscientíficos en la revista del INTA ............................................55
Globalisation
Authors: Rahim Sikander
Published: July 2019

The crisis in East Asia has tempered the loud enthusiasm of many
economists, magazines and multilateral institutions for unbridled
international flows of capital. Since its start some prominent economists and
financiers have expressed doubts that market mechanisms, left to
themselves, necessarily end with a desirable outcome. Perhaps this is the
first step to questioning whether free flows of capital between countries are
desirable at all.
Oddly enough, despite all that has been written in textbooks and
journals extolling international capital flows and all the romanticisation of
‘globalisation’ in television advertisements, there appears to be no systematic
examination of the gains and losses to be expected from them. One reason
may be that economic theory, as it stands now, is ill suited to carrying out
such an examination. International economic theory has two strands, the
one to explain how trade in finished products and raw materials is
determined by comparative advantages and the other, using quite separate
assumptions, to explain the balance of payments. In the former it is assumed
that capital flows are negligible, in the latter they do little more than
accommodate trade imbalances. Neither address the question of what
determines capital movements or what their effects might be.
Comment:
Census Problems in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Aziz-ud-Din
Published: July 2019

The fifth decennial population Census was held after 17 years and its
data is now being processed. Originally the Census was scheduled to be held
in March 1991. The exercise had been actually initiated that year from
Sindh but was soon abandoned when two major ethnic groups in the
province started accusing each other of resorting to false enumeration in
order to achieve a fake majority in the province. Some of the prominent
Punjabi politicians also objected that the head count figures in Sindh were
being engineered in order to stake claims to more resources for the
province at the expense of other federal units. The Census was postponed in
view of the objections and it was announced that the exercise would be
undertaken in October the same year. This time the Balochistan government
announced that it would reject the Census results if thousands of Afghan
refugees living in the province, many among whom had acquired fake
Pakistani identity cards, were not first repatriated to their own country. As
the federal government failed to do this, the Census had to be postponed
without any new date being fixed.
The Co-determinants of Capital Structure and Stock Returns:
Evidence from the Karachi Stock Exchange
Authors: Ahmad Hamid , A. Fida Bashir , Zakaria Muhammad
Published: July 2019

This study uses a structural model to analyze the co-determinants of
capital structure and stock returns. Applying a generalized method of moments
(GMM) model to a panel dataset for 100 nonfinancial firms for the period 2006–
10, our results indicate that both leverage and stock returns affect each other but
that the former has a dominant effect on the latter. The results illustrate that
profitability, growth, and liquidity are significant determinants of leverage and
stock returns. Profitability negatively affects leverage and positively affects stock
returns. Growth has a positive effect, while liquidity has a negative effect on
leverage and stock returns. Firm size does not have any significant effect on either
capital structure or stock returns.
On the (Ir)Relevance of Monetary Aggregate Targeting in
Pakistan: An Eclectic View
Authors: Haider Adnan , Jan Asad , Hyder Kalim
Published: July 2019

This study attempts to identify a stable money demand function for
Pakistan’s economy, where the monetary aggregate is considered the nominal
anchor. With evolving financial innovations and regulations, the stability of
money demand has been the focus of numerous debates. Where earlier studies have
provided conflicting explanations due to inadequate specifications and imprecise
estimations, we find that money demand in Pakistan is stable, if specified properly.
For developing countries such as Pakistan, it is important to target monetary
aggregates or respond to deviations from the desirable path if monetary policy is to
be effectively implemented and communicated; this should remain, if not a
primary, then an auxiliary target in the monetary policy framework.
Two Social Protection Programs in Pakistan
Authors: Nabi Ijaz
Published: July 2019

Pakistan has launched two far reaching social protection programs. The
federal government’s Benazir Income Support Program has, at its core, an
unconditional cash grant for the poorest households. Responding to the concern
that this runs the risk of creating a large pool of permanent government handout
recipients, the federal government has also launched an ambitious skills
development program. At the provincial level, the government of Punjab is
implementing skills development as social welfare in the four poorest Southern
Punjab districts. The paper discusses the structure of the two programs, their
success at reaching the poor and the monitoring challenges to assess their overall
effectiveness.
The Correlates of Educated Women’s Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: A Micro-Study
Authors: Zahir Faridi Muhammad , Rashid Ayesha
Published: July 2019

This study attempts to determine the factors that affect educated women’s decision to participate in the labor force. Based on a field survey conducted in the district of Multan, we find that a number of factors have a positive and significant impact on women’s decision to work. These include women who fall in the age groups 35–44 and 45–54, the coefficients of all levels of education, the presence of an educated husband, marital status, family structure, and family expenditure. The presence of an educated father, being an educated married woman, location, distance from the district headquarters, the husband’s employment status and income, and ownership of assets significantly reduces women’s labor force participation. The results of the earnings equation show that variables such as women who live in an urban area and their level of education and experience are associated with a substantial increase in earnings with each additional year. The number of children has a negative and significant impact on women’s earnings. The hours-of-work model shows that age and the number of completed years of education have a positive effect on working hours, while the number of dependents and the number of hours spent on household activities have a negative effect on working hours.
The Textiles and Garments Sector: Moving Up the Value Chain
Authors: Hamid Naved , Nabi Ijaz , Zafar Rafia
Published: July 2019

The textiles and garments (T&G) sector accounts for almost 50% of Pakistan’s exports and is the largest component of manufacturing. T&G sector, because of recent favorable developments for the industry in Pakistan and the expected future changes in the international trade structure for the sector, has the potential to play an important role in expanding Pakistan’s exports. In addition, garments manufacturing is the least energy and capital intensive industrial activity and thus resonates with Pakistan’s resource endowment to generate economic growth and employment.
Patterns of Export Diversification: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Hamna , Hamid Naved
Published: July 2019

This paper examines historical trends in the diversification of exports in Pakistan, using the Hirschman index to quantify the degree of export diversification. We analyze the structure of exports through the lens of ‘traditionality,’ for which we construct industry-specific, average cumulative export experience functions, i.e., a traditionality index of all 2-digit export industries in Pakistan from 1972 to 2012. This is useful in distinguishing between traditional and nontraditional export industries. We also study the degree of structural change in the export sector since 1972 by recalculating the traditionality index based on five-year interval periods. The cross-industry variance of this index is then used to calculate the structural change index. Periods for which the index values are low are interpreted as periods during which the export industries experienced uniform patterns of export growth (and thereby no structural change). Periods for which the index values are high are interpreted as periods during which the export industries experienced varied patterns of growth, thus undergoing structural change. Finally, we explore the determinants of structural change in exports by looking at variables such as GDP growth, export growth, the real exchange rate, the growth rate of world trade, trade liberalization, and the degree of product concentration in the country’s export base.
Should Pakistan Liberalize Trade With India Against the Backdrop of the FTA with China? A Comparative Advantage Analysis for the Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Memon Naheed , Rehman Faiza , Rabbi Fazal
Published: July 2019

Pakistan and India have not yet normalized trade relations and gained the full benefits of bilateral trade despite significant developments to this end since 2011. Pakistan has yet to reciprocate the most-favored-nation status granted by India. This study investigates the benefits of trade liberalization between the two countries by studying the global competitiveness of Pakistan’s industrial sector from a policy perspective. We construct a revealed comparative advantage index for manufacturing products (HS 2-digit level) for Pakistan, India, and China for the period 2003–12, and then identify the changing patterns of comparative advantage for Pakistan. We find that 18 industries should be protected upon liberalizing trade with India. These industries are termed ‘vulnerable’ as they have moved from either borderline competitiveness to becoming uncompetitive or vice versa. Additionally, the excessive concessions granted to China in its free trade agreement with Pakistan and the resistance to opening up trade with India may have resulted in inefficient trade, i.e., imports from a less competitive partner and exports to a less lucrative market. We aim to establish a direction for further research to determine the ex ante impact of trade with India on the economy via a change in the production levels of these vulnerable industries, given the impact of free trade with China and the availability of Chinese substitutes.
The WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement: Implications for Pakistan’s Domestic Trade Policy Formulation
Authors: Saeed Mohammad
Published: July 2019

Recognizing that trade facilitation has contributed significantly to reducing costs and time in cross-border trade, World Trade Organization (WTO) members adopted the new Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) at the last ministerial conference in Bali. WTO members are now gearing up to implement the commitments ensuing from the TFA in accordance with the special and differential treatment stipulated for developing countries. This paper assesses the impact of the TFA on Pakistan’s national trade policy and shows how the process of policy formulation in Pakistan should be adjusted so that the agreement can be promptly and correctly implemented on a sustainable basis.
From Fear of Floating to Benign Neglect: The Exchange Rate Regime Roller Coaster in Pakistan
Authors: Kumail Abbas Rizvi Syed , Naqvi Bushra , Mirza Nawazish
Published: July 2019

One of the most pressing issues concerning policymakers today is the choice of an exchange rate regime. Despite the intricacies of this problem, monetary authorities could narrow down their list of options if they were to focus on the following principles: full implementation to ensure credibility and synchronization with domestic realities and economic infrastructure. This paper proposes an optimal exchange rate regime for Pakistan based on a historical study of the outcomes and performance of different monetary stances adopted over the last 40 years.
TIC na prática docente
Authors: Siple Ivanete Zuchi , Lemke Raiane , Mulazani dos Santos Luciane , Mandler Marnei Luis
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho apresenta discussão sobre uma prática apoiada pelas tecnologias, realizada na disciplina de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral II, dos cursos de licenciatura em Matemática e Engenharia de Produção e Sistemas da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), que explorou objetos de aprendizagem desenvolvidos no software GeoGebra 3D para o ensino de derivadas parciais de funções de duas variáveis, visando a contribuir com o debate sobre a tecnologia no ensino de Cálculo. Utilizamos a realização e o tratamento de uma entrevista estruturada como procedimentos metodológicos para construirmos as narrativas de um professor do ensino superior, aqui apresentadas, que evidenciaram as práticas que ele emprega, registraram a relação que mantém com a tecnologia nas atividades docentes que desempenha na universidade, bem como apontaram perspectivas para a prática docente que podem ser discutidas no âmbito geral de debate sobre a utilização de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) no ensino superior.
Gamificação no ensino superior como estratégia para o desenvolvimento de competências
Authors: Menezes Aline Beckmann de Castro
Published: July 2019

Educação, a partir do conceito de competência, abrange conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes. Para o desenvolvimento de competências, pode-se utilizar a gamificação do ensino. Para tal, as práticas pedagógicas devem conciliar objetivos e regras claros, com prazer e engajamento. Poucos estudos foram desenvolvidos no Brasil sobre a gamificação do ensino, especialmente no ensino superior. É relatada aqui a experiência de aplicação da atividade “Trilhas de intervenção” no curso de graduação de Psicologia. A atividade envolveu interação em equipe, análise de situações, tomada de decisão, interpretação de papéis e proposição de soluções. Foi conduzida por três coordenadores em um dia, com duração de três horas. Participaram 27 alunos matriculados na disciplina em questão. Não havia consequência externa prevista para a participação. Pode-se perceber intenso engajamento; entretenimento; e aprimoramento de habilidades. Avalia-se a experiência como eficaz, podendo ser útil para o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias ativas pautadas na proposta de gamificação do ensino.
Práticas inovadoras no ensino de graduação na perspectiva de professores universitários
Authors: Cortela Beatriz S. C.
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho traz reflexões sobre as práticas de docentes universitários que atuam como formadores em cursos de licenciatura. Objetiva apontar o que um grupo deles, que ministra aulas em diferentes cursos de uma universidade pública, entende por práticas inovadoras no ensino de graduação a partir da descrição que fazem das atividades que realizam. Os dados foram levantados com base em resumos apresentados num evento científico e foram analisados dentro do referencial de análise de conteúdo, de Bardin. Os resultados apontam que a maioria dos autores considera que as atividades desenvolvidas por eles são uma nova forma de trabalho para si, mas não necessariamente original; apresentam potencial de melhoria no processo de aprendizagem; fazem menção ao uso de metodologias ativas e não associadas, necessariamente, ao uso de tecnologias. Estudos sobre essa temática auxiliam na elucidação dos fatores que envolvem o processo de construção de uma identidade docente no ensino superior.
Projetos pedagógicos de cursos de saúde e sua articulação com as políticas públicas para a formação em saúde no Brasil
Authors: Salvador Lucimar Daniel Simões , Sant'Anna Paulo Afrânio
Published: July 2019

Este estudo objetivou compreender como os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de saúde de uma instituição pública de ensino superior articulam, nas dimensões política e pedagógica, as orientações curriculares preconizadas nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais – DCNs (2001, 2002) e no Programa Nacional de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde – Pró-Saúde (2005). Trata-se de um estudo de caso, exploratório e de enfoque qualitativo, com uso da técnica da pesquisa documental e submissão dos dados à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram que os Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos (PPCs) articulam, na dimensão política, um ideário de formação coerente com as DCNs e o Pró-Saúde. Entretanto, na dimensão pedagógica, não alcançaram o grau proposto nessas políticas, devido à predominância de currículos disciplinares com dissociação entre os ciclos básico e profissional. Isso sinaliza a necessidade de investimento institucional na capacitação e no desenvolvimento docente para as mudanças propostas. A integração ensino/trabalho exige esforço político-gerencial para a transformação dos cenários de práticas da rede pública de serviços em campos de formação profissional.
Trabalho experimental e aprendizagem baseada na resolução de problemas
Authors: Figueiroa Alcina
Published: July 2019

Sendo a Aprendizagem Baseada na Resolução de Problemas uma abordagem didática que incentiva os alunos a pesquisar a solução para um problema, então, o trabalho experimental constitui uma ótima estratégia na implementação dessa nova metodologia. Este estudo desenvolveu-se em Portugal, numa escola superior de educação privada, e envolveu seis futuros professores de Ciências que, tendo em conta as aulas dadas na formação inicial, no âmbito da Didática das Ciências, planificaram onze atividades experimentais para implementação posterior, em contexto de estágio. Usaram, como suporte, a Carta de Planificação utilizada no Programa de Formação em Ensino das Ciências, promovido pelo Ministério da Educação. Os resultados revelam que os estudantes estruturaram corretamente essas atividades experimentais, ainda que evidenciassem algumas fragilidades nas etapas que requerem maior envolvimento conceitual por parte dos alunos. Assim, torna-se necessário o investimento na formação inicial de professores, preparando-os a lidar com atividades promotoras da resolução de problemas.
Uso do portfólio como ferramenta avaliativa em uma disciplina do curso de Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Authors: Viveiros Aline , Marques Rita de Cássia
Published: July 2019

No contexto da avaliação formativa, o portfólio se mostra como uma alternativa viável para a adoção de ferramentas que coloquem o aluno no centro do próprio processo de aprendizagem. Assim, a disciplina Alimentação e Cultura adota o portfólio como instrumento avaliativo, que deve partir de uma reflexão crítica sobre os assuntos abordados ao longo das atividades. A avaliação dos trabalhos é feita  pela leitura dos registros feitos pelos alunos sobre os  temas tratados na disciplina. Como ponto negativo sobre essa ferramenta, pode-se citar a dificuldade dos discentes em entender que a avaliação deve ser feita ao longo do semestre e que é necessária também a autoavaliação, fazendo os ajustes necessários para a melhora do processo de aprendizagem. Mesmo diante de algumas limitações, o uso do portfólio justifica-se  por possibilitar a criação de uma atitude reflexiva sobre o processo de aprendizagem por parte dos alunos.
TINJAUAN KASUS KEHAMILAN EKTOPIK DI BLU RSUP PROF. Dr. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE 1 JANUARI 2010 – 31 DESEMBER 2011
Authors: Logor Sri Cynthia D. , Wagey Freddy W. , Loho Maria F.T.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy with a fertilized ovum, implant and grow in a normal endometrial cavity in the uteri. When pregnancy is experiencing a process of termination (abortion) is called a rupture dectopic pregnancy (KET). This study aims to determine umtuk review cases of ectopic pregnancy in BLU Dr Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou period 1 January 2010 - 31 December 2011 in terms of age, parity,history of abortion ,historyofcontraceptive/familyplanningacceptors. This is a descriptive retrospective study. The population in this study were all patients who were treated at the department of Obstetrics Gynecology Prof. BLU. Dr. R. D. Kandou Period January 1, 2010 - December 31, 2011. The data has been processed and  then presented in the form of frequency distribution table and further discussed base don’t heresultsobtained. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the amount and presentation of the study variables based on the total number of cases. It is recommended that the mother has since given a case of ectopic pregnancy can be life-threatening emergency, then at the age of susceptible pregnant women ectopic pregnancy is recommended for early detection. Keywords: ectopic pregnancy Abstrak: Kehamilan ektopik adalah kehamilan dengan ovum yang dibuahi berimplantasi dan tumbuh tidak di tempat yang normal yakni dalam endometrium kavum uteri. Bila kehamilan tersebut mengalami proses pengakhiran (abortus) maka disebut dengan kehamilan ektopik terganggu (KET). Penelitian ini bertujuan umtuk mengetahui tinjauan kasus kehamilan ektopik di BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Periode 1 Januari 2010 – 31 Desember 2011 ditinjau dari umur, paritas, riwayat abortus, riwayat pemakaian kontrasepsi/akseptor KB. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang dirawat di bagian Obstetri Ginekologi BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Periode 1 Januari 2010 – 31 Desember 2011. Data yang diolah kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi dan selanjutnya di bahas berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh. Simpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan jumlah dan presentasi dari variabel penelitian berdasarkan jumlah keseluruhan kasus yang terjadi. Disarankan bagi para ibu karena mengingat kehamilan ektopik merupakan kasus darurat yang dapat mengancam nyawa, maka pada wanita hamil usia rentan kehamilan ektopik disarankan untuk melakukan deteksi dini. Kata Kunci: kehamilan ektopik
PERBEDAAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA PRIMIGRAVIDA DAN MULTIGRAVIDA DI RSIA KASIH IBU MANADO
Authors: Mandagi Debora V. V. , Pali Cicilia , Sinolungan Jehosua S. V.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Anxiety commonly happen in the time of growing, changing, facing new experiences, accompanies the discovery of self-identity and meaning of life. Pregnancy is growth and development of fetoes intrauterin since conception until the beginning of labour. Anxiety can interferre pregnancy individually. Pregnancy could be one of major stressor that increasing anxiety.The purpose of this study is to determine differences of anxiety in between primigravida and multigravida patient at Maternal and Child (RSIA) Kasih Ibu Hospital, Manado. This study was using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), total of sampel is 30 patients, consist of 15 primigravida and 15 multigravida. It was obtained that 20 persons from both groups were not had anxiety, in primigravida 30% and multigravida 36,7%. That nine persons had mild anxiety consist of 16,7% primigravida and 13,3% multigravida, and 1 had moderate anxiety. Conclusion:Use the statistic T-Test it was obtained there is no significance differences occured in between primigravida and multigravida patients at RSIA Kasih Ibu Manado. From primigravida respondences obtained some had moderate and mild anxiety, but most of the respondence did not experiencing anxiety (60%). Most of the Multigravida respondences in this study did not experiencing anxiety, only four of them had mild anxiety. Key Word : Anxiety, Primigravida, Multigravida     Abstrak: Kecemasan  adalah  sesuatu yang normal terjadi dalam pertumbuhan, perubahan, pengalaman  baru, dan dapat menyertai penemuan identitas diri dan arti hidup.Kehamilan merupakan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin intrauterin sejak konsepsi dan berakhir sampai permulaan persalinan. Secara individu cemas dapat mengganggu. Proses kehamilan, bisa menjadi salah satu stresor yang besar dalam meningkatkan kecemasan khususnya pada wanita hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kecemasan pada ibu hamil primigravida dan multigravida di RSIA kasih Ibu Manado. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS, dengan sampel penelitian 30 wanita (15 primigravida dan 15 multigravida). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 20 orang tidak mengalami cemas, 30% pada primigravida dan 36,7% pada multigravida. Sebanyak sembilan orang mengalami cemas ringan, 16,7% primigravida dan 13,3% multigravida. Sebanyak satu orang mengalami cemas sedang yaitu pada primigravida.Simpulan:Berdasarkan statistik dengan menggunakan Uji T tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kecemasan yang terjadi pada primigravida dan multigravida di RSIA Kasih Ibu Manado. Dari responden primigravida di RSIA Kasih Ibu Manado, ada yang mengalami kecemasan sedang, kecemasan ringan dan paling banyak tidak mengalami kecemasan (60.0%). Responden multigravida di RSIA Kasih Ibu Manado, didapat bahwa paling banyak tidak mengalami kecemasan, hanya ada empat responden mengalami kecemasan ringan. Kata kunci :   Kecemasan, Primigravida, Multigravida
PENGARUH KEBISINGAN MESIN LAS DISEL LISTRIK TERHADAP FUNGSI PENDENGARAN PADA PEKERJA BENGKEL LAS DI KECAMATAN MAPANGET KOTA MANADO
Authors: Koagouw Ivana Angelia , Supit Wenny , Rumampuk Jimmy F.
Published: July 2019

Abstrac: Noise is unwanted sound such  as noise that comes from. Noise at high intensity that long exposes to people  can cause interference both on auditory and also on non-auditory functions. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of noise diesel electric welding machine to the auditory function, both subjective and objective.This research is an analytic survey with a cross-sectional design. The Population samples are from 30 people that wasobtained through questionnaire. Then performedin the examinationofauditory function using audiometer in Prof. dr.R. DKandou General Hospital Manado. Previous measurement of  noise levels welding workshop conducted by measuring the Sound Level Meter. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution Program (SPSS) and using Fisher's Exact test.The results show that workers with exposure noise  > 90 dB, a total of  27 workers with a percentage (90%) have hearing loss and 3 workers with the percentage (10%) do not hearing loss. Analytical results obtained by Fisher’s Exact show that there is a significant relationship between the effect of noise on hearing function (p = 0,002). Conclusion: Based on these results it can be concluded, that there is a significant relationship between the effect of noise on significan hearing function. Key Words: Noise, Hearing Function   Abstrak: Kebisingan adalah suara yang tidak dikehendaki seperti  suara yang bersumber dari bising mesin las disel listrik. Kebisingan pada intensitas tinggi dan dipaparkan dengan jangka waktu yang lama pada orang  dapat menimbulkan gangguan fungsi pendengaran dan juga pada fungsi non pendengaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh kebisingan mesin las disel listrik terhadap fungsi pendengaran, baik subjektif dan objektif.Penelitian ini bersifat survey analitik dengan desain potong lintang.Populasi sebanyak 30 orang yang di peroleh melalui kuesioner.Kemudian dilakukan fungsi pendengaran di RSUP. Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado yaitu pemeriksaan audiometer. Sebelumnya pengukuran tingkat kebisingan bengkel las dilakukan dengan pengukuran Sound Level Meter. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Statistical  Program Product and Service Solution (SPSS) dan menggunakan uji Fisher Exact. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 27 pekerja mengalami paparan kebisingan  90 dB, dengan presentrase (90%) mengalami gangguan pendengaran dan 3 pekerja (10%) tidak mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Hasil analisis Fisher Exact menyatakan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengaruh kebisingan terhadap fungsi pendengaran (p = 0,002). Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengaruh kebisingan terhadap fungsi pendengaran. Kata Kunci : Kebisingan, Fungsi Pendengaran
HUBUNGAN KINERJA OTAK DENGAN SPIRITUALITAS MANUSIA DIUKUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN INDONESIA SPIRITUAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT PADA DOSEN STAIN MANADO
Authors: Dalili Fitria Angraini , Pasiak Taufiq F. , Wangko Sunny
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Neuroscience is a science about the nervous system especially the brain. According to Daniel Amen who used SPECT to watch brain activity that was associated with the soul, brain was  divided into five main systems: prefrontal cortex, limbic system, ganglia basalis, gyrus cingulatus, and temporal lobe. A person’s spirituality is related to the purpose and meaning of his/her life as a manifestation of one’s relationship with God. Spirituality has four dimensions, namely the meaning of life, positive emotions, spiritual experiences and rituals. In Indonesia, Indonesia Spiritual Health Assessment (ISHA) is used to assess a person’s spirituality. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of spirituality with the human brain among Manado STAIN lecturers. This was a descriptive analytic study with 30 respondents. The results were analyzed by using the Spearmen correlation analysis. There was a significant correlation between the performance of the human brain and spirituality, in this case the relationship was between the prefrontal cortex and the meaning of life. Conclusion: There was a strong relationship between the human brain and spirituality. Keywords: brain, ISHA, spirituality.  Abstrak: Neurosains adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang semua hal yang berkaitan dengan sistem saraf, dalam hal ini otak. Daniel Amen yang menggunakan SPECT dalam mengamati aktivitas otak yang berhubungan dengan jiwa, membagi otak ke dalam lima sistem utama: cortex prefrontalis, sistem limbik, ganglia basalis, gyrus cingulatus, dan lobus temporalis. Spiritualitas seseorang berkaitan dengan tujuan dan makna hidup kehidupan secara keseluruhan, sebagai manifestasi hubungannya dengan Tuhan. Spiritualitas mempunyai empat dimensi yaitu makna hidup, emosi positif, pengalaman spiritual, dan ritual. Di Indonesia, alat ukur spiritual yang digunakan yaitu Indonesia Spiritual Health Assessment (ISHA). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kinerja otak dengan spiritualitas manusia pada dosen STAIN Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan jumlah responden 30 orang. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi Spearmen yang menunjukkan adanya korelasi bermakna antara kinerja otak dan spiritualitas manusia, dalam hal ini hubungan antara cortex prefrontalis dan makna hidup. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kinerja otak dan spiritualitas manusia. Kata kunci: otak, ISHA, spiritualitas.
POLA BAKTERI DARI SPUTUM PENDERITA INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN DI PUSKESMAS BAHU
Authors: Serviyanti Imelda , Soeliongan Standy , Kountul Constantyn
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Respiratory tract infections are diseases that are common with mild to severe manifestations. Data From Bahu public health centers in 2009 there were 266 patients with respiratory tract infections and ranks first of five major diseases in Bahu public health centers and in 2011 is still the first order of 10 major diseases. This study aimed to determine the pattern of the bacteria that cause respiratory tract infections in Bahu public health centers. Research methods: The study used a prospective descriptive method through sputum culture studies in patients with respiratory tract infections Puskesmas Shoulder period November 2012 - January 2013. Results: From the results of the study found that gram-positive bacteria were more common in comparison with gram negative. Conclusion: The bacteria that cause respiratory tract infections are the most widely found is Streptoccocus sp. Keywords: Bacteria, Sputum, Respiratory Tract Infection.     Abstrak: Latar belakang dan Tujuan: Infeksi saluran pernafasan merupakan penyakit yang sering dijumpai dengan manifestasi ringan sampai berat. Data dari Puskesmas Bahu pada tahun 2009 terdapat 266 penderita infeksi saluran pernapasan dan menempati urutan pertama dari 5 penyakit utama di Puskesmas Bahu dan pada tahun 2011 masih merupakan urutan pertama dari 10 penyakit utama.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran pernapsan di Puskesmas Bahu. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif prospektif melalui penelitian kultur sputum penderita infeksi saluran pernapasan di Puskesmas Bahu periode November 2012 – Januari  2013. Hasil: Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa bakteri gram positif lebih banyak ditemukan di bandingkan dengan gram negatif. Kesimpulan: Bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran pernapasan yang paling banyak di temukan adalah Streptoccocus sp. Kata Kunci: Bakteri, Sputum, Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan.
PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG MENOPAUSE DI POLIKLINIK BLU RSU PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO
Authors: Batan Inri Suryani , Mewengkang Maya , Tendean Hermie M. M.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: The age of menopause in each women is different. When a women encounters the menopause, there will be a physiological and psychological change. If a women receive excellent information about menopause, the psychological change will appear minimal. The incidence of menopause and climacterium is often not considered by most women as important issue. This mindset mostly caused by the consideration that the menopause is a natural process, but some women consider that menopause is a horrible situation. This less attention in menopause is mostly caused by minimal knowledge of women about menopause. This research aims to find out how the mother's knowledge about menopause in Polyclinic BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Research using desciptive with survey method using the questionnaire. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. Research in was commited in Obstetric-Gynecologic Polyclinic in November 2012. The number of respondents are 50 subjects. The respondents with good knowledge about menopause are 30 subjects (60%), the respondents who encompass the age group of 35-39 years old are 11 subjects (78,6%), the respondents who work as PNS are 10 subjects (100%), the respondents who graduated in university are 11 subjects (100%) and the information resource of menopause from health care officer are 11 subject (84,6%). Conclusion: Respondents with good knowledge about menopause are 30 subjects (60%), and the respondents with minimal knowlegde of menopause are 20 subjects (20%). Keywords: knowledge, menopause.   Abstrak: Usia menopause pada tiap wanita berbeda-beda. Saat wanita mengalami menopause, terjadi perubahan fisiologik dan perubahan kejiwaan. Apabila wanita mendapat informasi yang baik maka perubahan kejiwaan menjadi minim. Peristiwa menopause dan klimakterium sering tidak menjadi perhatian bagi kebanyakan wanita karena dianggapnya sebagai peristiwa alami, namun sebagian kecil mengganggapnya sebagai sesuatu yang buruk. Hal ini dikarenakan dasar pengetahuan wanita tentang menopause masih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengetahuan ibu tentang menopause di Poliklinik BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif melalui metode survei menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di Poliklinik Obstetri-Ginekologi periode November 2012. Jumlah responden sebesar 50 orang. Responden yang memiliki pengetahuan baik tentang menopause sebanyak 30 orang (60%), tergolong dalam kelompok umur 35–39 tahun yaitu 11 orang (78,6%), pada pekerjaan PNS yaitu 10 orang (100%), pendidikan terakhir lulus perguruan tinggi yaitu 11 orang (100%), dan sumber informasi menopause dari petugas kesehatan sebanyak 11 orang (84,6%). Kesimpulan: Responden yang memiliki pengetahuan baik tentang menopause sebanyak 30 orang (60%), sedangkan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan tidak baik tentang menopause sebanyak 20 orang (40%). Kata kunci: pengetahuan, menopause
PENGARUH SINBIOTIK PADA ANAK DENGAN DIARE AKUT DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO
Authors: Khan Muh Akbar , Manoppo Christi , Mantik Max
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Diarrhea is one of the most frequent diseases of the babies and children in the world. many efforts were made to improve the absorption function of the small intestine, one of the providing of a combination of probiotics (live microorganisms) and prebiotics (substrate), which is known as synbiotic, synbiotic in vivo studies are still very few, especially its handling of non-infectious acute diarrhea is still not yet. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of synbiotic for acute diarrhea in children. This is an a randomized clinical trial double blind in 40 children aged 1-14 years in department of Pediatric, Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado General Hospital. Subjects were randomly allocated into 2 groups, synbiotic and control group. Based on a sample of 40 children study. More men (62.5%) than women (37.5%). Age group 1-5 years is the largest age group with 22 patients. There were no significant differences between treatment groups (sinbiotik) 2.9 days (SB 0.64) and controls 3.2 days (SB 0.61) p = 0.138. conclusion is There is no effect of synbiotic  in shortening long of acute diarrhea in children who were treated in the department of Prof. dr. R.D Kandou Manado general hospital. Keywords: acute diarrhea, synbiotic, long diarrhea.     Abstrak: Diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang paling sering mengenai bayi dan anak di dunia. banyak usaha yang dilakukan untuk memperbaiki fungsi absorbsi usus halus, salah satunya dengan pemberian kombinasi antara probiotik (mikroorganisme hidup) dan prebiotik (substrat) yang dikenal dengan istilah sinbiotik, penelitian tentang sinbiotik secara invivo masih sangat sedikit, terkhusus penanganan terhadap diare akut non infeksi masih belum ada. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh sinbiotik pada anak dengan diare akut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian uji klinis acak terkontrol buta ganda pada 40 anak berumur 1-14 tahun di RSUP Prof.dr.R.D Kandou Manado yang dibagi menjadi kelompok sinbiotik dan kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan 40 anak yang menjadi sampel penelitian. Laki-laki lebih banyak (62,5%) dari perempuan (37,5%). Kelompok umur 1 – 5 tahun merupakan kelompok umur terbanyak yaitu 22 pasien. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan (sinbiotik) 2,9 hari (SB 0,64) dan kontrol 3,2 hari (SB 0,61) p = 0,138. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini menunjukan tidak terdapat pengaruh sinbiotik dalam mempersingkat lama diare akut pada anak yang dirawat di RSUP Prof. dr. R.D Kandou Manado. Kata Kunci: diare akut, sinbiotik, lama diare.