bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soft-template induced synthesis of high-crystalline polymeric carbon nitride with boosted photocatalytic performance
Authors: Liang Zhiwei , Zhuang Xiaojia , Tang Zicheng , Li Haiping , Liu Lei , Kang Wenbing
Published: February 2021

A soft-template induction strategy is reported for the first time to synthesize polymeric carbon nitride with remarkably enhanced crystallinity and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Number Dissimilarity Effects in Object-Initial Sentence Comprehension by German-Speaking Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Stegenwallner-Schütz Maja , Adani Flavia
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This study examines the contribution of number morphology to language comprehension abilities among children with specific language impairment (SLI) and age-matched controls. It addresses the question of whether number agreement facilitates the comprehension accuracy of object-initial declarative sentences. According to the predictions of the structural intervention account for German, number agreement should assist the correct interpretation of object-initial sentences.

Method

This study examines German-speaking children with SLI and a control group of age-matched typically developing children on their sentence comprehension skills for auditory presented subject–verb–object and object–verb–subject (OVS) sentences. The sentences were manipulated with respect to the number properties of the noun phrases (e.g., one plural and one singular, or both singular) and the number agreement of the verb.

Results

The group of children with SLI demonstrated poorer comprehension accuracy in comparison to controls. Comprehension difficulty was limited to OVS sentences among children with SLI. In addition, children with SLI comprehended OVS sentences in which number agreement (with plural subject and verb inflection) indicated the noncanonical word order more accurately than OVS sentences with two singular noun phrases and therein did not differ from controls.

Conclusion

The study suggests that number agreement helps alleviate the difficulty with OVS sentences and enhances comprehension accuracy, despite the finding that children with SLI exhibit lower comprehension accuracy and more heterogeneous interindividual differences, relative to controls.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13718029
Speech Perception and Language Outcomes for Infants Receiving Cochlear Implants Before or After 9 Months of Age: Use of Category-Based Aggregation of Data in an Unselected Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Dettman Shani , Choo Dawn , Au Agnes , Luu Amy , Dowell Richard
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This retrospective study aimed to amass large data sets to enable statistical comparisons of communication outcomes for infants receiving cochlear implants (CIs) before 9 months of age compared to groups who received their first CI between 9 months and 3.5 years of age.

Method

Speech perception scores and experienced clinicians' observations were used to refine the Categories of Auditory Performance Index (CAPI), thus creating its revised version, namely, the CAPI-Revised (CAPI-R). Standardized and criterion-referenced language data were used to create the novel Categories of Linguistic Performance (CLIP). The association between CAPI-R and CLIP data at two time points post implant (at 2 years of device experience and at 5 years of age) was examined in a large unselected cohort stratified for age at first implant: before 9 months (Group 1), between 9 and 12 months (Group 2), between 13 and 18 months (Group 3), between 19 and 24 months (Group 4), between 25 and 30 months (Group 5), between 31 and 36 months (Group 6), and between 37 and 42 months (Group 7).

Results

CAPI-R medians were 5 at 2 years of device experience, and 6 at 5 years of age. At 2 years of device experience, there was no significant difference in CAPI-R medians for children who received their first CI before 9 months compared to all other age-at-implant groups. At 5 years of age, a significantly better CAPI-R median was demonstrated by Group 1 (CI before 9 months) compared to Groups 4, 5, 6, and 7. CLIP medians were 3 at 2 years of device experience, and at 5 years of age. At 2 years device experience, and at 5 years of age, the Group 1 CLIP medians were significantly better than later age-at-implant groups.

Conclusion

Median CAPI-R outcomes supported access to CIs before 18 months of age for speech perception, and median CLIP outcomes supported access to CIs before 9 months of age for optimum language development.
A scheduling algorithm based on downlink performance for full‐duplex MU‐MIMO systems
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Zou Ming , Ma Jinghuan , Wei Lai , Jiao Bingli
Published: February 2021

A full‐duplex (FD) multiuser multiple‐input multiple‐output (MU‐MIMO) system, where a FD base station (BS) with multiple antennas serves multiple half‐duplex (HD) user equipments (UEs) in both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) via the same time‐frequency resources, is considered. UE scheduling is in demand to manage the UL‐to‐DL interference (UDI) incurred by the FD operation. Existing scheduling algorithms require UDI channel state information between each pair of the candidate UEs, which incurs a significant amount of overhead as the number of UEs grows. To reduce the overhead, a new UE scheduling algorithm that uses channel reciprocity and UL‐DL duality to design a scheduling algorithm based on downlink performance was designed. By selecting UEs only based on their DL channels and received UDI strength, the proposed scheme no longer requires the massive UDI channel state information (CSI). Numerical results demonstrate the proposed algorithm can achieve a near optimal performance without knowing any UDI CSI.
Fault classifications of MV transmission lines connected to wind farms using non‐intrusive fault monitoring techniques on HV utility side
Authors: Chang Hsueh‐Hsien
Published: February 2021

The fault classification of medium‐voltage transmission lines consisting of wind farms connected to the high‐voltage (HV) transmission networks is carried out using the power‐spectrum‐based hyperbolic S‐transform (HST) powerful technique for analysing non‐linear and non‐stationary fault signals through the non‐intrusive monitoring systems. The HST technique extracts the useful features in the time‐frequency domain from measuring fault current waveforms of the HV utility side to discriminate the fault types. Parseval's theorem is applied to each HST coefficient to quantify the energy distribution of various fault types for reducing the size of inputs for recognition algorithms. Next, multiclass support vector machines achieve identification. The results have proved that the proposed classification technique is independent of fault resistance, source impedance, and fault inception angles. Extensive simulations are conducted using the electromagnetic transients program to show that the recognition accuracy of the fault classification for all types is up to 96.84%.
Microaneurysms segmentation and diabetic retinopathy detection by learning discriminative representations
Authors: Sarhan Mhd Hasan , Albarqouni Shadi , Yigitsoy Mehmet , Navab Nassir , Abouzar Eslami
Published: February 2021

Deep learning techniques are recently being used in fundus image analysis and diabetic retinopathy detection. Microaneurysms are important indicators of diabetic retinopathy progression. The authors introduce a two‐stage deep learning approach for microaneurysms segmentation using multiple scales of the input with selective sampling and embedding triplet loss. The proposed approach facilitates a region proposal fully convolutional neural network trained on segmented patches and a patch‐wise refinement network for improving the results suggested by the first stage hypothesis. To enhance the discriminative power of the second stage refinement network, the authors use triplet embedding loss with a selective sampling routine that dynamically assigns sampling probabilities to the oversampled class patches. This approach introduces a relative improvement over the vanilla fully convolutional neural network on the Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Data set segmentation data set. The proposed segmentation is incorporated in a classification model to solve two downstream tasks for diabetic retinopathy detection and referable diabetic retinopathy detection. The classification tasks are trained on the Kaggle diabetic retinopathy challenge data set and evaluated on the Messidor data. The authors show that adding the segmentation enhances the classification performance and achieves comparable performance to the state‐of‐the‐art models.
SIFT and HOG features for the retrieval of ancient Kannada epigraphs
Authors: Parashivamurthy Ravi , Naveena Chikkaguddaiah , Sharath Kumar Yeliyur Hanumathiah
Published: February 2021

In this work, the authors presented the indexing method for efficient retrieval of Kannada characters. Here the characters were segmented by the connected component method. Then features were extracted by scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) methods. These features were condensed by principal component analysis. They presented the indexing approach using K‐dimensional tree (K‐D tree) to improve the identification process. For the experiment, they used their own database. The results of the experiment show that the indexing prior is faster than conventional identification approaches in terms of time to script. From experimentation, they observe that fusion features achieve the maximum accuracy of 90% with varying principal component analysis features.
Joint detection and tracking of non‐ellipsoidal extended targets based on cubature Kalman‐CBMeMBer sub‐random matrices filter
Authors: Barbary Mohamed , Abd ElAzeem Mohamed H.
Published: February 2021

Joint detection and tracking of multiple extended targets (ETs) from image observations is a challenging radar technology; especially for extended stealth targets (ESTs). This work provides a new approach for the ESTs tracking under the non‐linear Gaussian system based on track‐before‐detect (TBD) approach. The sequential Monte Carlo cardinality‐balanced multi‐target multi‐Bernoulli (SMC‐CBMeMBer) filter provides a good framework to cope with TBD approach. However, this filter suffers from the particles’ degradation problem seriously; especially for ETs tracking. Recently, the cubature Kalman (CK)‐CBMeMBer filter which employs a third‐degree spherical‐radical cubature rule has been proposed to handle the non‐linear models, the CK‐CBMeMBer filter is more accurate and more principled in mathematical terms compared to SMC‐CBMeMBer filter. To this point, the authors address a TBD of ESTs with extended CK‐CBMeMBer filter based on random matrix model (RMM), which is an efficient way to track ellipsoidal ESTs. In RMM‐ESTs scenarios, although the extension ellipsoid is efficient, it may not be accurate enough because of lacking useful information, such as size, shape, and orientation. Therefore, they introduce a filter composed of sub‐ellipses; each one is represented by a RMM. The results confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed filter.
Control of grid‐forming application for fuel cell/electrolyser system
Authors: Quan Xiangjun , Hu Qinran , Dou Xiaobo , Wu Zaijun , Zhu Ling , Li Wei
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of renewable energy sources (RESs), adopting power‐to‐gas to improve the penetration of RESs is promising. This study designs a grid‐forming application for the fuel cell/electrolyser (FC/ELZ) system to supply the frequency support for the grid as well as the voltage source. The detailed control methods including the DC, AC voltage controls and the power synchronisation control are designed for the FC/ELZ system so that it can operate independently without any other energy sources. Several simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed grid‐forming application of the FC/ELZ system.
Molecular composition of comet 46P/Wirtanen from millimetre-wave spectroscopy
Authors: Biver N. , Bockelée-Morvan D. , Boissier J. , Moreno R. , Crovisier J. , Lis D. C. , Colom P. , Cordiner M. A. , Milam S. N. , Roth N. X. , Bonev B. P. , Dello Russo N. , Vervack R. J. , DiSanti M. A.
Published: February 2021

We present the results of a molecular survey of comet 46P/Wirtanen undertaken with the IRAM 30-m and NOEMA radio telescopes in December 2018. Observations at IRAM 30-m during the 12–18 December period comprise a 2 mm spectral survey covering 25 GHz and a 1 mm survey covering 62 GHz. The gas outflow velocity and kinetic temperature have been accurately constrained by the observations. We derive abundances of 11 molecules, some being identified remotely for the first time in a Jupiter-family comet, including complex organic molecules such as formamide, ethylene glycol, acetaldehyde, or ethanol. Sensitive upper limits on the abundances of 24 other molecules are obtained. The comet is found to be relatively rich in methanol (3.4% relative to water), but relatively depleted in CO, CS, HNC, HNCO, and HCOOH.
Estimation of portfolio efficiency considering social responsibility: evidence from the multi-horizon diversification DEA
Authors: Ren Tiantian , Zhou Zhongbao , Xiao Helu
Published: February 2021

With the introduction of the concept of social responsibility investment/green investment, more and more investors have realized the importance of such investment, which has prompted portfolio managers to more comprehensively consider both financial and non-financial performance of portfolios in different time horizons. DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), as a data-driven evaluation approach, has been widely used in performance evaluation of portfolios. However, the existing studies are mostly limited to single-horizon problems, and the evaluation indicators are mostly financial indicators, while ignoring the impact of non-financial indicators (e.g., social responsibility indicators). More importantly, the input-output process of portfolios in the multi-horizon framework also needs to be clarified. In this paper, we first define the input-output process of portfolios from the multi-horizon perspective, and then propose the corresponding stochastic output possibility sets based on portfolio returns and social responsibility indicators. We use the expectation and variance measures to derive the deterministic estimation of the above stochastic sets, where the expectations and variances of portfolio returns and social responsibility indicators are all regarded as outputs. We construct the multi-horizon diversification DEA models both with and without social responsibility constraints. Finally, we select the 20 component stocks of China ESG100 index to illustrate the difference between the multi-horizon models and the single-horizon models, and further discuss the impact of social responsibility on the portfolio efficiency and its ranking. The empirical results show that compared with the single-horizon models, the proposed models can provide portfolio managers with an improvement strategy to balance the performance of portfolio returns and social responsibility indicators in different time horizons. Further, we also find that the social responsibility has a greater impact on the portfolio efficiency and its ranking, especially when the portfolio managers pay more attention to the social responsibility performance.
Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: February 2021

Der reduzierte Östrogen- und Testosteronspiegel durch eine antiandrogene Therapie begünstigt einen beschleunigten Knochenmasseverlust über den physiologischen Alterungsprozess hinaus. Patienten mit einem Prostatakarzinom profitierten mit verlängerten Überlebenszeiten von Androgenrezeptor-Inhibitoren (ARI). Ein systematisches Review und die Meta-Analyse weisen jetzt auf eine erhöhte Inzidenz von Stürzen und Frakturen unter der Gabe von ARI hin. Die gepoolten Daten zeigen ein 1,8-fach höheres Sturzrisiko und 1,6-fach höheres Frakturrisiko. Mögliche zugrundeliegende Ursachen, darunter auch Begleitmedikationen und eine tumorinduzierte Fatigue werden diskutiert.
Patients Are Knowledge Workers in the Clinical Information Space
Authors: Papautsky Elizabeth Lerner , Patterson Emily S.
Published: February 2021

Background Limited research exists on patient knowledge/cognition or “getting inside patients' heads.” Because patients possess unique and privileged knowledge, clinicians need this information to make patient-centered and coordinated treatment planning decisions. To achieve patient-centered care, we characterize patient knowledge and contributions to the clinical information space.

Methods and Objectives In a theoretical overview, we explore the relevance of patient knowledge to care provision, apply historical perspectives of knowledge acquisition to patient knowledge, propose a representation of patient knowledge types across the continuum of care, and include illustrative vignettes about Mr. Jones. We highlight how the field of human factors (a core competency of health informatics) provides a perspective and methods for eliciting and characterizing patient knowledge.

Conclusion Patients play a vital role in the clinical information space by possessing and sharing unique knowledge relevant to the clinical picture. Without a patient's contributions, the clinical picture of the patient is incomplete. A human factors perspective informs patient-centered care and health information technology solutions to support clinical information sharing.
Extracting the transition network of epileptic seizure onset
Authors: Baier Gerold , Zhang Liyuan , Wang Qingyun , Moeller Friederike
Published: February 2021

In presurgical monitoring, focal seizure onset is visually assessed from intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG), typically based on the selection of channels that show the strongest changes in amplitude and frequency. As epileptic seizure dynamics is increasingly considered to reflect changes in potentially distributed neural networks, it becomes important to also assess the interrelationships between channels. We propose a workflow to quantitatively extract the nodes and edges contributing to the seizure onset using an across-seizure scoring. We propose a quantification of the consistency of EEG channel contributions to seizure onset within a patient. The workflow is exemplified using recordings from patients with different degrees of seizure-onset consistency.
Negative capacitance effects in ferroelectric heterostructures: A theoretical perspective
Authors: Saha Atanu K. , Gupta Sumeet K.
Published: February 2021

In a heterogeneous system, ferroelectric materials can exhibit negative capacitance (NC) behavior given that the overall capacitance of the system remains positive. Such NC effects may lead to differential amplification in local potential and can provide an enhanced charge and capacitance response for the whole system compared to their constituents. Such intriguing implications of NC phenomena have prompted the design and exploration of many ferroelectric-based electronic devices to not only achieve an improved performance but potentially also overcome some fundamental limits of standard transistors. However, the microscopic physical origin as well as the true nature of the NC effect, and direct experimental evidence remain elusive and debatable. To that end, in this article, we provide a comprehensive theoretical perspective on the current understanding of the underlying physical mechanism of the NC effect in the ferroelectric material. Based upon the fundamental physics of ferroelectric material, we discuss different assumptions, conditions, and distinct features of the quasi-static NC effect in the single-domain and multi-domain scenarios. While the quasi-static and hysteresis-free NC effect was initially propounded in the context of a single-domain scenario, we highlight that similar effects can be observed in multi-domain FEs with soft domain-wall (DW) displacement. Furthermore, to obtain the soft-DW, the gradient energy coefficient of the FE material is required to be higher as well as the ferroelectric thickness is required to be lower than some critical values. If those requirements are not met, then the DW becomes hard and their displacement would lead to hysteretic NC effects, which are adiabatically irreversible. In addition to the quasi-static NC, we discuss different mechanisms that can potentially lead to the transient NC effects. Furthermore, we discuss different existing experimental results by correlating their distinct features with different types of NC attributes and provide guidelines for new experiments that can potentially provide new insights on unveiling the real origin of NC phenomena.
A deep learning approach for the velocity field prediction in a scramjet isolator
Authors: Kong Chen , Chang Juntao , Li Yunfei , Wang Ziao
Published: February 2021

The accurate parameter prediction of a flow field is of practical significance to promote the development of hypersonic flight. Velocity field prediction using deep learning is a promising method to provide an accurate velocity field in a scramjet isolator. A new approach for the velocity field prediction in a scramjet isolator is developed in this study. A data-driven model is proposed for the prediction of the velocity field in a scramjet isolator by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using measurements of the pressure on the isolator. Numerical simulations of flow in a three-dimensional scramjet isolator at various Mach numbers and backpressures are carried out to establish the dataset capturing the flow mechanism over various operating conditions. A CNN architecture composed of multiple reconstruction modules and feature extraction modules is designed. The CNN is trained using the computational fluid dynamics dataset to establish the mapping relationship between the wall pressure on the isolator and the velocity field in the isolator. The trained model is then tested over various Mach numbers and backpressures. The data-driven model successfully learns the relationship between the velocity field and pressure experienced on the wall of the isolator, i.e., the trained CNN model successfully reconstructed the velocity field based on the wall pressure on the isolator with high accuracy.
Numerical study of virus transmission through droplets from sneezing in a cafeteria
Authors: Wu Liangyu , Liu Xiangdong , Yao Feng , Chen Yongping
Published: February 2021

To provide a comprehensive understanding of virus transmission inside small indoor spaces, numerical simulation of sneezing droplets spreading in a cafeteria is conducted through computational fluid dynamics. The numerical results show that dining face to face is extremely vulnerable to direct infection by others' respiratory droplets. Different heights of droplet sources are compared, which indicates that sneezing from a standing person results in a longer survival time of droplets in the air. Scenarios with fewer customers without face to face seating and turning off the horizontal supplying air conditioner are examined as well. Various surfaces are still detected with droplets in 300 s after sneezing. The horizontal supplying air conditioner causes increment in the velocities of the droplets and leads to further spreading of the droplets. It is essential to sanitize all surfaces in a cafeteria including the walls, floor, ceiling, and tables that are not occupied by any customer. Keeping a safe distance in small indoor spaces such as cafeterias does not offer sufficient protection for activities without wearing a face mask. It is recommended that cafeterias and canteens only accept take-away orders.
Tuning of the oxygen vacancies in LaCoO3 films at the atomic scale
Authors: An Qichang , Xu Zhe , Wang Zhenzhen , Meng Meng , Guan Mengxue , Meng Sheng , Zhu Xuetao , Guo Haizhong , Yang Fang , Guo Jiandong
Published: February 2021

Oxygen vacancies (Vo) play significant roles in determining the properties of transition-metal oxides. However, the concentration of Vo cannot be tuned quantitatively by optimizing the preparation conditions, and the precise control of Vo distribution at the atomic scale is even more challenging. Here, by controlling the reversible phase transitions between perovskite LaCoO3 (PV-LCO) and brownmillerite LaCoO2.5, we realize the tuning of Vo in PV-LCO, including the concentration with quantitative precision and the spatial distribution at the atomic scale. With the first principles calculations, we clarify that two thirds of Vo in PV-LCO can be eliminated after a cycle of the reversible phase transitions, and all the residual Vo are confined in specific lattice sites in PV-LCO. Such an ordered distribution of Vo can help to enhance the ferromagnetism of PV-LCO.
Rearing conditions of laying hens and welfare during the laying phase
Authors: Jongman Ellen C.
Published: February 2021

Conditions during rearing have a large influence on the development of behaviour of the laying hen. The early influence starts even before hatching and the first 2 weeks of life appear to be particularly sensitive for the development of future behaviour. It is recommended that birds are reared in an environment similar to where they are housed during the laying phase. Birds that are destined for multi-tier barns and aviaries benefit from navigating three-dimensional space early in life. There are additional benefits for bone and muscle strength for birds in this environment that may be beneficial later in life. Feather pecking during rearing is highly predictive of severe feather pecking in adult birds. High light intensity during rearing can result in increased feather pecking, so this should be avoided. The presence of litter and pecking strings can also reduce feather pecking. The effect of stocking density during rearing is less clear, although very high densities may increase feather damage due to pecking. Regardless of rearing environment, beak trimming is the most effective preventative treatment for the development of injurious feather pecking.
Distinct clinical characteristics of pediatric Behçet’s syndrome: A study from a referral center in China
Authors: Zou Jun , Luo Jian-feng , Shen Yan , Guan Jian-Long
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To describe the clinical features and patterns of phenotype aggregation in pediatric Behçet’s syndrome (BS) in a tertiary center in China.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive BS patients in Huadong Hospital, Fudan University between September 2012 and January 2020. Pediatric BS was defined as diagnosed before 16 years old. We compared clinical variables between pediatric and adult patients. We calculate relative risks (RRs) of clinical variables according to sex. Moreover, a hierarchical cluster analysis was undertaken according to 29 clinical variables to determine homogeneous subgroups.

Results

From 1596 consecutive BS cases, we identified 69 pediatric BS. Compared with adult-diagnosed BS, pediatric-diagnosed patients had a higher frequency of folliculitis [RR 1.57 (95% CI 1.12, 2.20)], a lower frequency of arthralgia [RR 0.15 (95% CI 0.02, 1.07)] and panuveitis [RR 0.43 (95% CI 0.18, 1.03)], no cardiac lesion. There was an association between male and arterial thrombosis or aneurysms (p = .006). A cluster analysis stratified three sub-clusters (C1–C3): C1 (n = 30) showed a disease type merely affecting skin and mucosa. C2 (n = 20) represented the gastrointestinal type; most patients presented with intestinal involvement, and two cases with esophageal ulcers. In C3 (n = 19), showing a mixture of uveitis, vascular and central nervous system (CNS) involvement, six patients presented with uveitis and nine had vascular lesions, and three cases had CNS lesions.

Conclusion

We conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis in a cohort of pediatric patients with BS in China. Less ocular involvement and no cardiac lesions were observed in childhood-diagnosed patients. For the first time, three distinct phenotype subgroups in pediatric-diagnosed patients were identified by cluster analysis.Key messagesThis study demonstrated the phenotype discrepancy between childhood and adult-diagnosed BS.Three distinct clusters were identified, with skin-mucosa, gastrointestinal, panuveitis, vascular and CNS subgroups.
Leisure‐time exercise is associated with lower depressive symptoms in community dwelling adults
Authors: Aguilar Beatriz A. S. , Tebar William R. , Silva Stefany C. B. , Gomes Leonardo Q. , Damato Tatiana M. M. , Mota Jorge , Werneck André O. , Christofaro Diego G. D.
Published: February 2021

Physical activity has been associated with enhanced mental health among adults. However, it is not clear in the literature which domains (occupational, transport and leisure‐time exercise) and intensities (moderate, vigorous and moderate‐to‐vigorous) of activity provide the greatest benefits. The aim of the present study was to describe the association of different domains and intensities of physical activity with depressive symptoms in adults. This was a cross‐sectional observational study conducted among 209 adults (≥18 years) in Brazil. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the HADS questionnaire (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Physical activity intensities (moderate, vigorous and moderate‐to‐vigorous) were device‐measured by accelerometry. Physical activity in different domains (occupational, transport, and leisure‐time exercise) was self‐reported using a questionnaire. Chronological age, ethnicity, body mass index, highest academic achievement, employment status, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, chronic morbidity and soft‐drink ingestion were adopted as adjustment confounding factors. Linear regression analysis revealed that total self‐reported physical activity [β = –0.100 (95%CI: –0.180 to –0.019)] and leisure‐time exercise [β = –0.311 (95%CI: –0.468 to –0.155)] were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, but only leisure‐time exercise remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors [β = –0.243 (95%CI: –0.409 to –0.076)]. Thus, leisure‐time exercise was cross‐sectionally associated with lower depressive symptoms in community‐dwelling adults.

Highlights

Leisure‐time physical activity was the only physical activity domain associated with lower depressive symptoms.

This association appears to be independent of potential confounders.

Potential interventions should focus on leisure‐time domain.
Electron dynamics in radio frequency magnetron sputtering argon discharges with a dielectric target
Authors: Zheng Bocong , Fu Yangyang , Wang Keliang , Schuelke Thomas , Fan Qi Hua
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate a self-consistent and complete description of electron dynamics in a typical electropositive radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) argon discharge with a dielectric target. The electron dynamics, including the electron power absorption dynamics in one radio frequency (RF) period, is studied via a fully kinetic 2d3v particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) electrostatic simulation. The interplay between the fundamental plasma parameters is analyzed through their spatiotemporal dynamics. Due to the influence of magnetic trap on the electron transport, a spatially dependent charging that perturbs the electric potential is observed on the dielectric target surface, resulting in a spatially dependent ion energy distribution along the target surface. The
E
×
B
drift-to-discharge current ratio is in approximate agreement with Bohm diffusion. The electron power absorption can be primarily decoupled into the positive Ohmic power absorption in the bulk plasma region and the negative pressure-induced power absorption near the target surface. Ohmic power absorption is the dominant electron power absorption mechanism, mostly contributed by the azimuthal electron current. The power absorption due to electron inertial effects is negligible on time-average. Both the maximum power absorption and dissipation of electrons appear in the bulk plasma region during the second half of the RF period, implying a strong electron trapping in magnetron discharges. The contribution of secondary electrons is negligible under typical RFMS discharge conditions.
Radiofrequency spectroscopy of one-dimensional trapped Bose polarons: crossover from the adiabatic to the diabatic regime
Authors: Mistakidis S I , Koutentakis G M , Grusdt F , Sadeghpour H R , Schmelcher P
Published: February 2021

We investigate the crossover of the impurity-induced dynamics, in trapped one-dimensional Bose polarons subject to radio frequency (RF) pulses of varying intensity, from an adiabatic to a diabatic regime. Utilizing adiabatic pulses for either weak repulsive or attractive impurity-medium interactions, a multitude of polaronic excitations or mode-couplings of the impurity-bath interaction with the collective breathing motion of the bosonic medium are spectrally resolved. We find that for strongly repulsive impurity-bath interactions, a temporal orthogonality catastrophe manifests in resonances in the excitation spectra where impurity coherence vanishes. When two impurities are introduced, impurity–impurity correlations, for either attractive or strong repulsive couplings, induce a spectral shift of the resonances with respect to the single impurity. For a heavy impurity, the polaronic peak is accompanied by a series of equidistant side-band resonances, related to interference of the impurity spin dynamics and the sound waves of the bath. In all cases, we enter the diabatic transfer regime for an increasing bare Rabi frequency of the RF field with a Lorentzian spectral shape featuring a single polaronic resonance. The findings in this work on the effects of external trap, RF pulse and impurity–impurity interaction should have implications for the new generations of cold-atom experiments.
Viscocapillary instability in cellular spheroids
Authors: Martin Matthieu , Risler Thomas
Published: February 2021

We describe a viscocapillary instability that can perturb the spherical symmetry of cellular aggregates in culture, also called multicellular spheroids. In the condition where the cells constituting the spheroid get their necessary metabolites from the immediate, outer microenvironment, a permanent cell flow exists within the spheroid from its outer rim where cells divide towards its core where they die. A perturbation of the spherical symmetry induces viscous shear stresses within the tissue that can destabilise the aggregate. The proposed instability is viscocapillary in nature and does not rely on external heterogeneities, such as a pre-existing pattern of blood vessels or the presence of a substrate on which the cells can exert pulling forces. It arises for sufficiently large cell–cell adhesion strengths, cell-renewal rates, and metabolite supplies, as described by our model parameters. Since multicellular spheroids in culture are good model systems of small, avascular tumours, mimicking the metabolite concentration gradients found in vivo, we can speculate that our description applies to microtumour instabilities in cancer progression.
Rotation and oscillation of gap vortex solitons in optically induced square photonic lattices with a self-focusing nonlinearity
Authors: Liu Xiaoxu , Qin Yali , Ji Kailai , Hu Yingtian , Ren Hongliang , Zheng Huan
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate the rotation and oscillation of the single-charged vortex (SCV) and double-charged vortex (DCV) in two-dimensional (2D) optically induced square photonic lattices under single-site excitation with appropriate self-focusing nonlinearity conditions. Numerical analysis shows that the SCV can self-trap into a localized gap vortex soliton mode that resides in the first Bragg reflection gap, for which a vortex is nested centrally in the rotating square-shaped optical envelope and four peaks always appear at four corners. Whereas DCV tends to evolve into a dynamical rotating quasi-vortex gap soliton formed in the second Bragg reflection gap, employing an out-of-phase quadrupole-like beam as a transition state to reverse the topological charge and the direction of rotation periodically. Our findings may provide insights into the experimental feasibility of observing such phenomena.
Hawking temperature of Kerr anti-de-Sitter black hole affected by Lorentz symmetry violating*
Authors: Liu Zhi-E , Tan Xia , Zhang Jie , Yang Shu-Zheng
Published: February 2021

We studied the correction of the quantum tunneling radiation of fermions with spin 1/2 in Kerr anti-de-Sitter black hole. First, the dynamic equation of spin 1/2 fermions was corrected using Lorentz’s violation theory. Second, the new expressions of the fermions quantum tunneling rate, the Hawking temperature of the black hole and the entropy of the black hole were obtained according to the corrected fermions dynamic equation. Our results show that Hawking temperature increases with the enhancement of both the coupling strength and the radial component of ether-like field, but is independent of non-radial components of ether-like field. At last, some comments are made on the results of our work.
Thermoelectric enhancement in triple-doped strontium titanate with multi-scale microstructure*
Authors: Cao Zheng , Fu Qing-Qiao , Gu Hui , Tian Zhen , Yaer Xinba , Xing Juan-Juan , Miao Lei , Wang Xiao-Huan , Liu Hui-Min , Wang Jun
Published: February 2021

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a thermoelectric material with large Seebeck coefficient that has potential applications in high-temperature power generators. To simultaneously achieve a low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity, polycrystalline SrTiO3 with a multi-scale architecture was designed by the co-doping with lanthanum, cerium, and niobium. High-quality nano-powders were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Nano-inclusions and a nano/micro-sized second phase precipitated during sintering to form mosaic crystal-like and epitaxial-like structures, which decreased the thermal conductivity. Substituting trivalent Ce and/or La with divalent Sr and substituting pentavalent Nb with tetravalent Ti enhanced the electrical conductivity without decreasing the Seebeck coefficient. By optimizing the dopant type and ratio, a low thermal conductivity of 2.77 W⋅m−1⋅K−1 and high PF of 1.1 mW⋅m−1⋅K−2 at 1000 K were obtained in the sample co-doped with 5-mol% La, 5-mol% Ce, and 5-mol% Nb, which induced a large ZT of 0.38 at 1000 K.
The Analysis of Banana Peels are used as Water Purifying Materials
Authors: Tjahjanti P H , Iswanto  , Luliafan M F , Fahruddin A , Ernanda R R
Published: February 2021

Banana peels are generally considered to be waste usually thrown away, but in fact it has important benefits to clear water. The purpose of this study is to use banana peels to clear dirty water from rivers. The process used is filtered coated water using gravel sand, charcoal, palm fiber and the final filter layer is banana peels that acts as a place to disinfect raw water against germs and bacteria still present in the water. The results obtained indicate that water purification using banana peels meets the criteria for physical testing, including water levels with a pH between 7.0 8.5, and does not interfere with the taste and smell of water. Rainwater and river water can be used as cleaning water because the pH meets all requirements but cannot be used as clean water because bacteriologically all samples do not meet the drinking water
A Disease Interaction Retrieval and Recommendation System based on NLP Technology
Authors: Yao Puyuan
Published: February 2021

There is a great request for a Chatbot system that uses natural language processing for disease retrieval and recommendation in medical treatment with interactive functions. This paper uses cMedQA2 data for training, developing and testing. The Chinese word segmentation tool jieba to reassemble the text data of consecutive words into the word sequences, and uses Bag of Words to count the frequency of keywords appearing in sentences, and uses N-gram method to predict whether the evaluation and prediction of a sentence is reasonable. This paper proposes an improved TextCNN network framework structure, which uses overlap technology to ensure the contextual coherence of information. The final experimental results show that there are 96.2% on the training dataset and 87.5% on the testing dataset.
Research on Hybrid Index Method of Double-Layer B+ Tree for Power Big Data Considering Knowledge Graph
Authors: Gao Ling Chao , Yao Li Ming , Yang ZhiWei , Zheng Fei
Published: February 2021

Efficient power data access can not only ensure the normal operation of power system, but also be one of the key supporting technologies to improve the operational efficiency of power grid enterprises. Aiming at the problem that traditional B+ tree does not take into account the relevance of power information fragments and cannot be indexed flexibly, a hybrid index structure and index method of power big data with knowledge graph is proposed, that is, the first layer uses B+ tree structure to store attributes, and the second layer uses knowledge graph to store attribute value, thus realizing the relevance index of power data. The simulation results show that the hybrid index structure can achieve the index of power big data with relevance information without affecting the index efficiency, which provides technical reference for efficient retrieval of multi-modal data in the future.
Study on the correlation between the fingerprint of Rosa rugosa and its formula granules
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Qin Ping , Lv Lijuan , Yang Xiaosong , Wu Hongmei , kong Juan , Wang Xiangpei
Published: February 2021

As one of the medicinal and food homologous plants, Rosa rugosa has great development potential. Rosa rugosa formula granules has the features of easy to dispensing, carry, store and no decocting and so on. However, there is a lack of effective quality standards and quality monitoring system. Therefore, high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) is used in this paper, taking the characteristic spectrum as the control, the correlation between the medicinal materials and the formula granules was evaluated. There were 8 common characteristic peaks in the characteristic spectrum of Rosa rugosa and formula granules, showing good correlation. Among the eight common peaks, rutin was identified. The fingerprint method established in this study has good precision, repeatability, stability, short analysis time and strong specificity, which can provide scientific basis for the quality evaluation and control of Rosa rugosa.
Development of algorithms for data transmission in sensor networks based on fully homomorphic encryption using symmetric Kuznyechik algorithm
Authors: Babenko L K , Tolomanenko E A
Published: February 2021

The article presents the development of algorithms for data transmission in wireless sensor networks based on fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) using a symmetric encryption algorithm Kuznyechik. During the study, the main points related to the use of modern sensor networks were considered: data transfer protocols, the most common vulnerabilities and various emulators of sensor networks. Approaches to the use of homomorphic encryption for data exchange are considered. An algorithm for the interaction of the base station and sensor nodes of the sensor network for data exchange based on FHE using the Kuznyechik algorithm has been developed. To use the encryption algorithm Kuznyechik as part of the FHE, an algorithm for constructing Zhegalkin polynomials for nonlinear cipher elements has been developed and implemented. For the encryption algorithm Kuznyechik, for the first time, Zhegalkin polynomials are obtained, which describe the operation of the replacement S-block. The use of the obtained Zhegalkin polynomials makes it possible to decrypt the data encrypted by the Kuznyechik algorithm and at the same time leave them in the encrypted form of the FHE.
Modelling size distributions of marine plastics under the influence of continuous cascading fragmentation
Authors: Kaandorp Mikael L A , Dijkstra Henk A , van Sebille Erik
Published: February 2021

Field studies in the global ocean have shown that plastic fragments make up the majority of plastic pollution in terms of abundance. It is not well understood how quickly plastics in the marine environmental fragment, however. Here, we study the fragmentation process in the oceanic environment by considering a model which captures continuous fragmentation of particles over time in a cascading fashion. With this cascading fragmentation model we simulate particle size distributions (PSDs), specifying the abundance or mass of particles for different size classes. The fragmentation model is coupled to an environmental box model, simulating the distributions of plastic particles in the ocean, coastal waters, and on the beach. We demonstrate the capabilities of the model by calibrating it to estimated plastic transport in the Mediterranean Sea, and compare the modelled PSDs to available observations in this region. Results are used to illustrate the effect of size-selective processes such as vertical mixing in the water column and resuspension of particles from the beach into coastal waters. The model quantifies the role of fragmentation on the marine plastic mass budget: while fragmentation is a major source of secondary plastic particles in terms of abundance, it seems to have a minor effect on the total mass of particles larger than 0.1 mm. Future comparison to observed PSD data allow us to understand size-selective plastic transport in the environment, and potentially inform us on plastic longevity.
Accounting for re-exports substantially reduces China’s virtual water demand through agricultural trade
Authors: Ali Tariq , Xie Wei , Zhu Anfeng , Davis Kyle Frankel
Published: February 2021

Traditional methods of assessing virtual water (VW) trade usually overestimate the foreign VW used by a country as the imported VW can also be re-exported and used by the countries other than the initial importer. Due to its ability to provide better estimates of transboundary resource use, the global value chain (GVC) method can provide more precise guidelines for the global policy debate over sustainable resource use. Here, we use GVC analysis based on multi-regional input-output tables to quantify the embodied trade of virtual blue and green water for China in the major agricultural sectors and agro-based industries. We find that China is a net importer of blue VW (2.9 billion m3) and green VW (57.9 billion m3) through agricultural commodities. Our results reveal that a large portion of imported blue (37%) and green (17%) VW is re-exported by China and consumed in other countries, representing the overestimated parts of China’s VW import use. These ratios are even higher for individual commodities, including 44% for blue VW for cotton and 22% for green VW for grains. This work demonstrates the importance of improved accounting in VW trade to achieve the sustainable use of global water resources and equitably share responsibility between producers, intermediates, and end-users.