bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The lost prewar collection of the Simferopol Art Gallery (1937–1941)
Authors:   Simferopol Art Museum, Kugusheva Alexandra Yu.
Published: September 2021

The article highlights the history of the prewar collection of the Simferopol Art Museum in 1937–1941 and notes the most important works of art lost. The events that accompanied the loss of the collection during the Great Patriotic War were repeatedly covered by the museum in publications. According to official data, during the evacuation in October 1941, the boxes with the exhibits and the museum archive were transported to Kerch where they were burnt during a fire in the port caused by the bombing of enemy aircraft. For many years, the museum’s employees Galina I. Fedotova, Natalya D. Dyachenko and Natalya F. Grishchenko studied documents in the Simferopol, Moscow and St. Petersburg archives to restore the list of exhibits from the prewar collection. The result of their work was an extensive “Catalog of the values of the Simferopol Art Museum, lost during the Second World War” (2002), which is presented in the documentary archive of the museum. The main sections of the permanent exhibition of the prewar collection of the Simferopol Art Gallery are marked in the catalog. This information is of great importance for Russian museum science: many items transferred in 1937–1941 to the Simferopol collection were previously included in the funds of the State Russian Museum, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Hermitage and other major museum collections.
Museum as the basis of the “school”: Dusseldorf Art Gallery and the Dusseldorf school of painting
Authors:   Saratov State Radishchev Art Museum, Savitskaya Tatyana E.
Published: September 2021

The article demonstrates the influence of the Dusseldorf Art Gallery (1714–1805) on the formation of the Dusseldorf school of painting — one of the leading European schools of the XIX century. The history of the establishment and formation of the collection is briefly considered, and the activities of the founder of the art gallery, Johann Wilhelm (1658–1716), as a reformer of the museum business are characterized. The collection is analyzed, and a significant predominance of works of the Dutch school is noted as its special feature. The author points out that the gallery was primarily a learning center for artists studying at the Dusseldorf Academy of Arts (1773). After Dusseldorf became a part of the Kingdom of Prussia, a new stage began and the gallery was transformed into the Royal Academy of Arts. This happened in 1819, which is officially considered the year when the Dusseldorf school of painting was born. It is noted that the influence of the Dusseldorf school extended far beyond European borders, including Russia and particularly Saratov where the artist A. P. Bogolyubov founded the Radishevsky Museum. He came up with the idea of creating a museum while studying in Dusseldorf. The example of the Dusseldorf Gallery demonstrates the importance of the museum as a collection of samples, the basis for the emergence of the “school” in two meanings — an educational institution and the development of an artistic tradition.
The museum space of the university as a socio-cultural factor in the development of the student community (the example of Irkutsk)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Sayaparova Ekaterina V.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the need for the formation of a museum space in universities. The university museum, functioning in the structure of an educational institution, acquires features of the traditionally established characteristics of cultural and educational institutions, which for centuries have been carrying out the process of transferring knowledge and skills, experience and elements of human culture. The revitalization of museum activities is one of the factors contributing to the development of the scientific, and cultural, creative potential of students. The study of domestic science, history, culture, and art on the basis of museums as well as museum and exhibition centers are not only of great educational and educational value, but also has a tremendous impact and emotional impact on the emerging personality of students. Being an integral component in the system of training students of any university, the museum is a center that brings together student interests. The university museum not only fulfills its traditional functions of preserving the historical and cultural heritage, but it is also the most important tool for the socialization of students. As a center for educational, scientific, and cultural work, the museum acts as a base for students to carry out various projects and other activities. Creative, research, educational groups and associations, conducting their work on the basis of the museum, allow students to fulfill their own potential in various fields of activity. The actualization of the museum in the role of forming a single student space is also facilitated by holding events of various profiles on the basis of museum expositions. Thus, the university museum is an important element not only of the learning process, but also of educational activity, contributing to the process of integrating students into the educational space of the university, and strengthening the student community.
The “living history” format as one of the most promising areas of museum development
Authors:   Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve named after E.D.Felitsyn, Velitchenko Vadim V.
Published: September 2021

What is the attraction of the “living history” format in the development of a modern museum? This article is devoted to this issue and an attempt is made to clarify the specific differences between living history museums and classical ones, focusing on the possibility of the former to “immerse” the visitor in the recreated cultural and historical space of a certain era. The experience of Russian living history museums shows that by implementing new programs aimed at interacting with visitors, museums perform not only their main function of collecting and preserving, but also contribute to the popularization and comprehensive study of historical and cultural heritage as well as solving educational tasks. The author of the article aims to acquaint the reader with the most effective and popular projects to activate museum activities in the Krasnodar territory and the Southern Urals. Master classes on various topics, traveling exhibitions, costumed performances, quests, and, finally, festivals of historical reconstruction are just some of the modern forms of interaction with visitors, which can serve as a basis for developing interactive educational programs. The relevance and prospects of the immersive format in museum activities are provided by the need to solve the problems of fostering the cultural and historical memory among young visitors, the most popular museum audience, and the younger generation’s interest in living history. The implementation of new forms of interaction with the audience will help museums not only attract a wide range of visitors, but also increase financial opportunities for development and become more competitive.
ASEMPTOMATİK KADINLARDA FARKLI KONTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİNİN PELVİK TABAN KAS FONKSİYONU ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÜNLÜ İdil Esin , ÖZENGİN Nuriye , SERİNDAĞ Sevinç , BAKAR Yeşim , ANKARALI Handan , TOPÇUOĞLU Mehmet Ata
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, asemptomatik kadınlarda farklı kontraksiyon yöntemlerinin pelvik taban kas fonksiyonu üzerine etkisini transabdominal ultrasonografi ile değerlendirmeyi amaçladı.

Yöntem: Araştırmaya asemptomatik olduğu Global Pelvik Taban Rahatsızlık Anketi ile belirlenen ve gönüllü olan 120 kadın dahil edildi. Kadınların fiziksel ve sosyodemografik özellikleri kaydedildikten sonra fizyoterapist tarafından 1 saatlik eğitim verildi. Bu eğitimde dört farklı kontraksiyon yöntemi (pelvik taban kas kontraksiyonu, Hollowing in manevrası, korseleme manevrası, anal kontraksiyon) teorik ve pratik olarak öğretildi. Kadınların pelvik taban kas fonksiyonu transabdominal ultrasonografi altında değerlendirildi. Ölçümler her bir kontraksiyon için 3 kez tekrarlandı ve 3 ölçümün ortalaması analize alındı. Kontraksiyonların sıralaması rastgele yöntemle belirlendi.

Sonuçlar: Kadınların kontraksiyon tipine göre pelvik taban kas fonksiyonu Tekrarlı Ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi testiyle karşılaştırıldığında fark olduğu bulundu (p=0,0001). Bu test sonuçlarına göre pelvik taban kas fonksiyonunun korseleme manevrasında en yüksek olduğu, bunu sırasıyla Hollowing in manevrası, pelvik taban kas kontraksiyonu ve anal kontraksiyonun takip ettiği saptandı.

Tartışma: Kadınların pelvik taban kas fonksiyonunun korseleme manevrasında en yüksek, anal kontraksiyon tipinde ise en düşük olduğu bulundu. Pelvik taban kas eğitimi verilirken korseleme manevrasını içeren egzersizlerin öğretilmesinin pelvik taban kas fonksiyonunu artırmada daha etkili olabileceği düşüncesindeyiz.
AŞİL TENDON TAMİRLİ BİREYLERDE CERRAHİ SONRASI UZUN DÖNEM FONKSİYONEL SONUÇLARIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TAN Fırat , GUNEY DENİZ Hande , ULUSOY Burak , HARPUT Gülcan , DÖNMEZ Gürhan , DORAL Mahmut
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı Aşil tendon tamiri (ATT) uygulanan bireylerde cerrahi taraf ile diğer taraf arasında uzun dönem fonksiyonel sonuçları karşılaştırmaktı.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya 20 ATT’li birey (yaş=40,15±7,32 yıl, vücut kitle indeksi=27,17±3,27 kg/m²) dahil edildi. Alt ekstremite fonksiyonel performansını belirlemek için Y denge testi, parmak ucuna yükselme testi ve ayak-ayak bileği araştırması (FAOS) anketi kullanıldı. İstatiksel analiz için cerrahi taraf ile diğer tarafı karşılaştırmada Eşleştirilmiş t testi kullanıldı.

Sonuçlar: ATT’li bireylerin cerrahi sonrası geçen süre ortalama 5,02±3,64 yıl (2,00-13,00) idi. ATT’li bireylerin cerrahi taraf Y denge testi öne (p=0,008), arka içe uzanma mesafeleri (p=0,014) ve parmak ucuna yükselme seviyesi cerrahi tarafta daha az bulundu (p
Ryanodine Receptor as Insecticide Target
Authors: Samurkas Arthur , Yao Li , Hadiatullah Hadiatullah , Ma Ruifang , Xie Yunxuan , Sundarraj Rajamanikandan , Zuilhof Han , Yuchi Zhiguang
Published: September 2021

:

The ryanodine receptor (RyR) is one of the primary targets of commercial insecticides. The diamide
insecticide family, including flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, etc., targets insect RyRs and
can be used to control a wide range of destructive agricultural pests. The diamide insecticides are highly selective
against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests with relatively low toxicity for non-target species, such as mammals,
fishes, and beneficial insects. However, recently mutations identified on insect RyRs have emerged and
caused resistance in several major agricultural pests throughout different continents. This review paper summarizes
the recent findings on the structure and function of insect RyRs as insecticide targets. Specifically, we
examine the structures of RyRs from target and non-target species, which reveals the molecular basis for insecticide
action and selectivity. We also examine the structural and functional changes of RyR caused by the resistance
mutations. Finally, we examine the progress in RyR structure-based insecticide design and discuss how
this might help the development of a new generation of green insecticides.
Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism and Chronic Thromboembolic
Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Papakonstantinou Nikolaos A. , Kampaktsis Polydoros N. , Rorris Filippos-Paschalis , Doulamis Ilias , Tzani Aspasia , Katsaridis Sotirios , Avgerinos Dimitrios
Published: September 2021

:

Venous thromboembolism clinically presents as deep venous thrombosis or acute pulmonary embolism
and is globally recognized as the third most frequent acute cardiovascular syndrome after myocardial infarction
and stroke. Although pulmonary embolism does not typically cause severe pulmonary hypertension in
the acute setting, thrombus organization and fibrosis can lead to stenosis or obliteration of pulmonary arteries in
a minority of patients, which in turn result in severe pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. This disease
is labeled chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and can occur after a single episode or multiple
ones of pulmonary embolism. The cornerstone of pulmonary embolism treatment is medical therapy,
whereas systemic thrombolytic therapy has to be considered for patients with hemodynamic instability. Given
the current acceptable short-term surgical mortality, the potential of first-line surgical embolectomy as an alternative
to medical thrombolysis has gained momentum as far as pulmonary embolism treatment is concerned. In
contrast to pulmonary embolism, bilateral complete pulmonary endarterectomy under short deep hypothermic
circulatory arrest intervals is the treatment of choice against chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,
given patients’ operability. Pulmonary endarterectomy is suggested in every operable patient when the operation
is offered by an experienced multidisciplinary team, including at least one experienced surgeon. Surgical
embolectomy should also be limited to large institutions since it also requires an experienced heart team. This
review concerns a thorough discussion regarding surgical treatment of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic
pulmonary hypertension. Eligibility criteria, operation-related complications and postoperative outcomes
are discussed in detail.
Optimal Homotopic Exploration of Features of Cattaneo-Christov Model
in Second Grade Nanofluid Flow via Darcy-Forchheimer Medium Subject
to Viscous Dissipation and Thermal Radiation
Authors: Shafiq Anum , Rasool Ghulam , Chu Yu-Ming , Bhutta Muhammad Shoaib , Ali Amjad
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

In this article, Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (oHAM) is used for
the exploration of the features of the Cattaneo-Christov model in viscous and chemically reactive
nanofluid flow through a porous medium with stretching velocity at the solid/sheet surface and free
stream velocity at the free surface.

Methods:

The two important aspects, Brownian motion and Thermophoresis, are considered.
Thermal radiation is also included in the present model. Based on the heat and mass flux, the Cattaneo-
Christov model is implemented on the Temperature and Concentration distributions. The
governing Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are converted into Ordinary Differential Equations
(ODEs) using similarity transformations. The results are achieved using the optimal homotopy
analysis method (oHAM). The optimal convergence and residual errors have been calculated to
preserve the validity of the model.

Results:

The results are plotted graphically to see the variations in three main profiles. i.e. momentum,
temperature and concentration profile.

Conclusion:

The outcomes indicate that skin friction enhances due to the implementation of the
Darcy medium. It is also noted that the relaxation time parameter results in enhancement of the
temperature distribution. Thermal radiation enhances the temperature distribution and so is the case
with skin friction.
Breast Cancer Transcriptional Regulatory Network Reprogramming by using the CRISPR/Cas9 System: An Oncogenetics Perspective
Authors: Singh Desh Deepak , Verma Ravi , Tripathi Subhash K. , Sahu Rajnish , Trivedi Poonam , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. BC develops
due to dysregulation of transcriptional profiles, substantial interpatient variations, genetic
mutations, and dysregulation of signaling pathways in breast cells. These events are regulated by
many genes such as BRCA1/2, PTEN, TP53, mTOR, TERT, AKT, PI3K and others genes. Treatment
options for BC remain a hurdle, which warrants a comprehensive understanding that establishes
an interlinking connection between these genes in BC tumorigenesis. Consequently, there is an
increasing demand for alternative treatment approaches and the design of more effective treatments.
In this regard, it is crucial to build the corresponding transcriptional regulatory networks
governing BC by using advanced genetic tools and techniques. In the past, several molecular editing
technologies have been used to edit genes with several limitations. Clustered Regularly Interspaced
Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR Associated Protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) recently
received wise attention due to its potential in biomedical and therapeutic applications. Here, we
review the role of various molecular signalling pathways dysregulated in BC development such as
PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR as well as BRCA1/BRCA2/TP53/TERT and their interplay between the
related gene networks in BC initiation, progression and development of resistance against available
targeted therapeutic agents. Use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate BC gene-specific
transgenic cell lines and animal models to decipher their role and interactions with other gene
products has been employed successfully. Moreover, the significance of using CRISPR/Cas9 technology
to develop early BC diagnostic tools and treatments is discussed here.
Cepharanthine Regulates Autophagy via Activating the p38 Signaling Pathway in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Gang , Qiao Kesen , Xu Xiaodan
Published: September 2021

Background:

Cepharanthine (CEP) is an alkaloid extracted from Stephania cepharantha Hayata. This compound
has been reported as a promising anti-tumor drug, although its potential molecular mechanism is not fully understood.
Here, we studied the anti-tumor effect of CEP on human lung cancer cells and evaluated its molecular
mechanism.

Methods:

The A549 cells were treated with CEP, the cell viability was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-
diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and formation of autophagosome was observed by acridine orange staining
under a fluorescence microscope. The cell migration and invasion were determined by wound healing and transwell
assay. The protein levels of autophagy-associated molecules, light chain 3 (LC3)、p38、and phospho-p38 in A549
cells, were determined by western blot analysis.

Result:

The results showed that CEP inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in A549 cells. Moreover, we
found that CEP resulted in significant increases in levels of the autophagy marker protein LC3 in A549 cells. The
number of intracellular acid dye follicular bright red fluorescence in A549 cells was significantly increased after CEP
treatment. At the molecular levels, CEP markedly increased the phosphorylation of p38 in A549 cells. The knockdown
of p38 expression by siRNA-p38 impaired the autophagy-regulating effect of CEP. Our results indicated that CEPregulated
autophagy was an anti-tumor effect and not a protective response to CEP.

Conclusion:

Taken together, these results demonstrated that CEP regulated autophagy by activating the p38 signaling
pathway, which could be provided a potential application for preventing lung cancer.
In Silico Docking of Novel Phytoalkaloid Camalexin in the Management of Benomyl Induced Parkinson's Disease and its In Vivo Evaluation by Zebrafish Model
Authors: Thamaraikani Tamilanban , Karnam Manasa , Velapandian Chitra
Published: September 2021

Background:

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) exhibits the extrapyramidal symptoms caused due to the dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra of the brain and depletion of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme.

Objective:

This study was designed to enlighten the importance of the Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme in protecting the dopamine levels in a living system. Camalexin, a potentially active compound, has been evaluated for its dopamine enhancing and aldehyde dehydrogenase protecting role in pesticide-induced Parkinson’s disease.

Methods:

AutoDock 4.2 software was employed to perform the docking simulations between the ligand camalexin and standard drugs Alda-1, Ropirinole with three proteins 4WJR, 3INL, 5AER. Consequently, the compound was evaluated for its in vivo neuroprotective role in the zebrafish model by attaining Institutional Animal Ethical Committee permission. The behavioral assessments and catecholamine analysis in zebrafish were performed.

Results:

The Autodock result shows that the ligand camalexin has a lower binding energy (-3.84) that indicates a higher affinity with the proteins when compared to the standard drug of proteins (-3.42). In the zebrafish model, behavioral studies provided evidence that camalexin helps in the improvement of motor functions and cognition. The catecholamine assay has proved that there is an enhancement in dopamine levels, as well as an improvement in aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme.

Conclusion:

The novel compound, camalexin, offers a protective role in Parkinson’s disease model by its interaction with neurochemical proteins and also in alternative in vivo model.
Immunotherapeutics for AD: A Work in Progress
Authors: Sharma Anuja , Anand Jaspreet Singh , Kumar Yatender
Published: September 2021

:

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), often called the 'Plague of the 21st Century,' is a progressive,
irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the degeneration and death of neurons. Multiple
factors, such as genetic defects, epigenetic regulations, environmental factors, or cerebrovascular
damage, are a manifestation of the neurodegenerative process that begins to occur decades before
the onset of disease. To date, no treatment or therapeutic strategy has proven to be potent in inhibiting
its progress or reversing the effects of the disease. The ever-increasing numbers and lack
of sufficient therapies that can control or reverse the effects of the disease have propelled research
in the direction of devising efficient therapeutic strategies for AD. This review comprehensively
discusses the active and passive immunotherapies against Amyloid-β and Tau protein, which remain
the popular choice of targets for AD therapeutics. Some of the prospective immunotherapies
against Aβ plaques have failed due to various reasons. Much of the research is focused on targeting
Tau, specifically, targeting the mid-region of extracellular Tau due to their potential to prevent
seeding and hence the spread of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Thus, there is a need to thoroughly
understand the disease onset mechanisms and discover effective therapeutic strategies.
Quality of Life of Older Adults with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma using
Bahasa Malaysia Version of Glaucoma Quality of Life 36 Questionnaire
Authors: Tharmathurai Sangeetha , Huwaina Abdul S. , Azhany Yaakub , Razak Asrenee A. , Che-Hamzah Jemaima , Fazilawati Qamaruddin , Tajudin Liza-Sharmini A.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is an age-related chronic optic
neuropathy causing progressive constriction of visual field, which compromised quality of life
(QoL) of older adults.

Objective :

The study aims to determine the QoL according to the severity of visual field using Bahasa
Malaysia version of the Glaucoma Quality of Life- 36 (Glau-QoL 36) in older adults with
POAG in Malaysia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in Malaysia: Hospital
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, and Hospital Selayang, Selangor. POAG patients who were ≥
60 years old at the time of recruitment had minimal cataract, underwent cataract or trabeculectomy
surgery at least 3 months prior and were on medical and surgical treatment. The severity of POAG
was based on the modified Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) score on two reliable
reproducible Humphrey visual field SITA program 24-2 analysis. Face to face, one-on-one interview
was conducted using validated Bahasa Malaysia version of GlauQol 36.

Results :

A total of 360 older adults with POAG were recruited. Majority were between ages 60-67
(38.3%) with 64 (17.8%) mild, 93 (25.8%) moderate, 115 (31.9%) severe POAG and 88 (24.4%)
end-stage severity of POAG. The majority of the recruited patients were not working (88.9%) and
live with their families (68.1%). There was a significant association between GlauQoL 36 score of
all domains: daily living, driving, physiological well-being, self-image, anxiety, burden of treatment
and confidence in healthcare with the severity of POAG (p<0.001). Increased severity of
POAG was associated with decreased QoL in all GlauQoL 36 domains except confidence in
healthcare. There was also a significant increase in dependency, with a majority of the end-stage
were living with their families (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

QoL and independency of older adults with POAG decrease with worsening of visual
field defect. Addressing the problem of visual-related activities in older adults with POAG may reduce
their dependency and improve QoL. Happy living is important to lead to healthy living among
older adults with POAG.
Thermal Energy Storage Property and Temperature Control Performance
of Phase Change Materials Eutectic Mixture Nanocomposite
Authors: Musavi Seyed Mostapha , Roudini Ghodratollah , Barahuie Farahnaz , Binti Masuri Siti Ujila
Published: September 2021

Background:

The utilization of high-performance Phase Change Materials (PCMs) that can
reversibly store thermal energy is of immense interest and strategy for effective energy conservation
and management.

Methods:

In this work, a new PCM nanocomposite, consisting of a eutectic mixture of stearic acid and
n-nonadecane as core and SiO2 as shell, was prepared by direct impregnation method. Additionally, a
laboratory scaled test room was designed to investigate the intelligent temperature control function of
the nanocomposite in building materials.

Results:

The optimized nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The DSC data demonstrated that the PCMs eutectic mixture content
in the stearic acid- n-nonadecane–SiO2 nanocomposite was 52.8 wt.% and the melting temperatures
and latent heats of stearic acid - n-nonadecane eutectic mixture and optimized nanocomposite were 45.1
and 44.0 °C, and 163.7 and 86.5 J/g, respectively. Furthermore, the accelerated thermal cycling test confirmed
the excellent thermal cycling stability of the nanocomposite after 500 heating-cooling cycles.
Moreover, the laboratory scaled test room results showed that the incorporation of the resulting nanocomposite
in the gypsum could reduce indoor temperature fluctuation, and the performance was improved
with the increase in the mass percentage of the nanocomposite in the gypsum composite.

Conclusion:

The obtained nanocomposite had good thermal reliability and temperature control performance
and thus can be a promising candidate for hi-tech applications in intelligent temperature control
and precise thermal management.
Research Progress of Alkali Doped Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Li Jiwen , Lei Jinkun , Wei Shizhong , Wang Nannan
Published: September 2021

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cell has the advantages of high efficiency, good
working stability and low manufacturing cost, which is the most promising thin film solar cell.
Currently, the efficiency of CIGS thin film cell has reached 23.35% by doping alkali elements.
This review summarized the current status of doping alkali elements on flexible CIGS thin film solar
cells with a focus on recent advancements intended for higher efficiency and novel applications.
First, the structure of CIGS thin film cell was introduced. According to the structural characteristics
of CIGS cells, different doping methods of alkali metals were summarized. Then, the recent developments
and trends of research in doping methods of alkali elements within the last years were reviewed,
and the effect of different alkali elements on CIGS efficiency was emphasized. Finally, the
challenges and opportunities of alkali doping CIGS solar cell were prospected.
Kinetics of the Catalytic Combustion of Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate with Estimation of Activation Energy and Rate Constants: An Analytical Study
Authors: Salomi R. Joy , Sylvia S. Vinolyn , Abukhaled Marwan , Rajendran L.
Published: September 2021

Background:

A mathematical model for the combustion of ethanol and ethyl acetate
mixtures using Mn9Cu1 (mixture of manganese and copper with a weight ratio of 9:1) catalyst is
discussed. The model’s kinetic mechanism is expressed in terms of nonlinear reaction-diffusion
equations with common initial and boundary conditions in a finite planar, cylindrical, and spherical
geometry.

:

A Taylor series approach is used to derive general approximate analytical expressions of ethanol,
acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate molar concentrations inside the particle and reactor phase for various
values of rate constants, diffusion, and kinetic parameters. The effect of shape factor for the
planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometry of dispersed particles was examined for the first time.
Activation energy and rate constant at the reference temperature of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and
ethyl acetate are also obtained from the rate equations. A direct comparison with numerical simulations
confirms the accuracy of the derived analytical results.

Objective:

Derive general approximate analytical expressions of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl
acetate molar concentrations inside the particle and reactor phase for various parameter values.

Methods:

We employ the simple and reliable Taylor series method.

Results:

Semi-analytic expressions of the concentration and bulk concentration of ethanol, ethyl
acetate, and acetaldehyde.

Conclusion:

Approximate analytical expressions of the concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde
and ethyl acetate were derived for arbitrary catalyst particle (planar, cylindrical and spherical) by
using a simple, reliable, and robust method. In addition, the concentration of the species in reactor
phase was also reported. The effects of the kinetic parameters, which are influenced by adsorption
equilibrium constant, effective diffusivity, activation energy, on concentration, were discussed.
The effect of carbonized rice straw levels on the dawet gel properties
Authors: Sofia Murtini Erni
Published: September 2021

Merang, part of rice straw, waste generated from rice harvesting process, is abundantly available in Indonesia. Incomplete burning of merang generates carbonized rice straw (CRS). This study is aimed to identify selected minerals (K,Ca, Na and Fe) contents of CRS using AAS, and to evaluate the effect of differentconcentrations (1.5-3%) of CRS addition on the pasting properties of rice:sago mixflour (55:45), and on the black color intensity, texture, and sensory properties of dawet gel. CRS contains potassium (20599.91±776.44 ppm), calcium (307.58±70.71), sodium (30.59±1.03ppm) and iron (1079.98±20.75 ppm). Despite the temperature similarity, pasting properties of mixed flour such as final viscosity and peak time are significantly decreased in response to CRS addition. Increase in CRS concentration results to significant increase of the black color intensity and texture of dawet gel. Sensory evaluation suggests that most of the panelists prefer the color and firmness showed by dawet gel with addition of 2.5% of carbonized rice straw. This result suggests that CRS could be an interesting new food ingredient for increasing black color intensity and texture of food product.
Ридберговские состояния радикала ОН
Authors: Корнев А.С. , Чернов В.Е. , Зон Б.А. , Дорофеев Д.Л. , Kubelik P. , Ferus M.
Published: September 2021

We study Rydberg states of radical in adiabatic (rotational Born–Oppenheimer) approximation as well as in the inverse limit. The needed value, d = 0.833, of the OH+cation’s dipole moment was calculated using the RCCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Zmethod. Our calculations show that a dipole moment of this magnitude influence weakly on the energies of the Rydberg states. The exception are the states originating from s-states in the central-symmetric field, which are influenced significantly by the cation dipole moment. In the inverse Born–Oppenheimer limit, we study in detail the dependence of the Rydberg spectrum upon the total angular momentum, J, of the molecule. This dependence substantially differs from the well-known dependence, ∼J(J + 1), of the rotating top energy on its total momentum.
Возможности формулы Морза при аппроксимации энергии колебательных уровней двухатомной молекулы
Authors: Денисов Г.С. , Тохадзе К.Г.
Published: September 2021

Рассмотрена задача аппроксимации потенциала двухатомной молекулы модельной функцией Морза с постоянной ангармоничностью ν x при использовании экстраполяции Берджа-Шпонер. Анализ приближений, использованных при выводе уравнения Морза, показывает, что решение этой задачи неоднозначно. Предложена схема оптимизации выбора исходных параметров, которая иллюстрирована примерами, взятыми из литературы. Продемонстрирована польза изучения поведения ангармоничности при возбуждении колебательных уровней по отклонениям величины ν x от постоянного значения по Морзу. Предпринята попытка использовать безразмерный параметр ангармоничности x* в качестве универсальной характеристики особенностей формы электронного терма молекулы. Ключевые слова: формула Морза, двухатомная молекула, экстраполяция Берджа-Шпонер, ангармоничность, электронные термы, колебательная структура.
Spatial Relation between Wind Stress and Storm Surge during Hurricanes Laura and Delta in 2020
Authors:   Coastal Studies Institute , Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA, Hsu Shih-Ang
Published: September 2021

Spatial relation between wind stress and storm surge during two hurricanes in 2020 is investigated. It is found that, during Laura’s landfall, the area inside of 65 knots (34 m s -1) isotach or line of equal wind speed can produce up to 18 ft (5.5 m) inundation and during Delta, the area inside of 50 knots (26 m s -1) up to 11 ft (3.3 m) high water level above the ground. The tropical cyclone (TC) surface analysis near landfall by the Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Branch (RAMMB) is recommended as a first approximation for coastal environmental and engineering applications during a TC.
High Work-Related Stress and Anxiety as a Response to COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers in South Korea: Cross-sectional Online Survey Study
Authors: Ahn Myung Hee , Shin Yong-Wook , Suh Sooyeon , Kim Jeong Hye , Kim Hwa Jung , Lee Kyoung-Uk , Chung Seockhoon
Published: September 2021

Background

The COVID-19 outbreak had a severe impact on health care workers' psychological health. It is important to establish a process for psychological assessment and intervention for health care workers during epidemics.

Objective

We investigated risk factors associated with psychological impacts for each health care worker group, to help optimize psychological interventions for health care workers in countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Respondents (n=1787) from 2 hospitals in Korea completed a web-based survey during the period from April 14 to 30, 2020. The web-based survey collected demographic information, psychiatric history, and responses to the 9-item Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics (SAVE-9), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales. We performed logistic regression to assess contributing factors as predictor variables, using health care workers’ depression as outcome variables.

Results

Among 1783 health care workers, nursing professionals had significantly higher levels of depression (PHQ-9 score: meannurse 5.5, SD 4.6; meanother 3.8, SD 4.2; P<.001), general anxiety (GAD-7 score: meannurse 4.0, SD 4.1; meanother 2.7, SD 3.6; P<.001), and virus-related anxiety symptoms (SAVE-9 score: meannurse 21.6, SD 5.9; meanother 18.6, SD 6.3; P<.001). Among nursing professionals, single workers reported more severe depressive symptoms than married workers (PHQ-9 score ≥10; meannurse 20.3%; meanother 14.1%; P=.02), and junior (<40 years) workers reported more anxiety about the viral epidemic (SAVE-9 anxiety score; meannurse 15.6, SD 4.1; meanother 14.7, SD 4.4; P=.002). Logistic regression revealed that hospital (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.06-1.99), nursing professionals (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.02-1.98), single workers (adjusted OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05-2.16), higher stress and anxiety to the viral infection (high SAVE-9 score, adjusted OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.17-1.24), and past psychiatric history (adjusted OR 3.26, 95% CI 2.15-4.96) were positively associated with depression.

Conclusions

Psychological support and interventions should be considered for health care workers, especially nursing professionals, those who are single, and those with high SAVE-9 scores.
Adoption of Preventive Measures During the Very Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: National Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Lau Joseph , Yu Yanqiu , Xin Meiqi , She Rui , Luo Sitong , Li Lijuan , Wang Suhua , Ma Le , Tao Fangbiao , Zhang Jianxin , Zhao Junfeng , Hu Dongsheng , Li Liping , Zhang Guohua , Gu Jing , Lin Danhua , Wang Hongmei , Cai Yong , Wang Zhaofen , You Hua , Hu Guoqing ,   COVID-19 University Student Research Group
Published: September 2021

Background

The outbreak of COVID-19 in China occurred around the Chinese New Year (January 25, 2020), and infections decreased continuously afterward. General adoption of preventive measures during the Chinese New Year period was crucial in driving the decline. It is imperative to investigate preventive behaviors among Chinese university students, who could have spread COVID-19 when travelling home during the Chinese New Year break.

Objective

In this study, we investigated levels of COVID-19–related personal measures undertaken during the 7-day Chinese New Year holidays by university students in China, and associated COVID-19–related cognitive factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional anonymous web-based survey was conducted during the period from February 1 to 10, 2020. Data from 23,863 students (from 26 universities, 16 cities, 13 provincial-level regions) about personal measures (frequent face-mask wearing, frequent handwashing, frequent home staying, and an indicator that combined the 3 behaviors) were analyzed (overall response rate 70%). Multilevel multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

Only 28.0% of respondents (6684/23,863) had left home for >4 hours, and 49.3% (11,757/23,863) had never left home during the 7-day Chinese New Year period; 79.7% (19,026/23,863) always used face-masks in public areas. The frequency of handwashing with soap was relatively low (6424/23,863, 26.9% for >5 times/day); 72.4% (17,282/23,863) had frequently undertaken ≥2 of these 3 measures. COVID-19–related cognitive factors (perceptions on modes of transmission, permanent bodily damage, efficacy of personal or governmental preventive measures, nonavailability of vaccines and treatments) were significantly associated with preventive measures. Associations with frequent face-mask wearing were stronger than those with frequent home staying.

Conclusions

University students had strong behavioral responses during the very early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. Levels of personal prevention, especially frequent home staying and face-mask wearing, were high. Health promotion may modify cognitive factors. Some structural factors (eg, social distancing policy) might explain why the frequency of home staying was higher than that of handwashing. Other populations might have behaved similarly; however, such data were not available to us.
Use of Deep Learning to Predict Acute Kidney Injury After Intravenous Contrast Media Administration: Prediction Model Development Study
Authors: Yun Donghwan , Cho Semin , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Han Seung Seok
Published: September 2021

Background

Precise prediction of contrast media–induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is an important issue because of its relationship with poor outcomes.

Objective

Herein, we examined whether a deep learning algorithm could predict the risk of intravenous CIAKI better than other machine learning and logistic regression models in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT).

Methods

A total of 14,185 patients who were administered intravenous contrast media for CT at the preventive and monitoring facility in Seoul National University Hospital were reviewed. CIAKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dL within 2 days or ≥50% within 7 days. Using both time-varying and time-invariant features, machine learning models, such as the recurrent neural network (RNN), light gradient boosting machine (LGM), extreme gradient boosting machine (XGB), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), κ-nearest neighbors, and logistic regression, were developed using a training set, and their performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) in a test set.

Results

CIAKI developed in 261 cases (1.8%). The RNN model had the highest AUROC of 0.755 (0.708-0.802) for predicting CIAKI, which was superior to that obtained from other machine learning models. Although CIAKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% within 3 days, the highest performance was achieved in the RNN model with an AUROC of 0.716 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.664-0.768). In feature ranking analysis, the albumin level was the most highly contributing factor to RNN performance, followed by time-varying kidney function.

Conclusions

Application of a deep learning algorithm improves the predictability of intravenous CIAKI after CT, representing a basis for future clinical alarming and preventive systems.
Using Co-design in Mobile Health System Development: A Qualitative Study With Experts in Co-design and Mobile Health System Development
Authors: Noorbergen Tyler J , Adam Marc T P , Teubner Timm , Collins Clare E
Published: September 2021

Background

The proliferation of mobile devices has enabled new ways of delivering health services through mobile health systems. Researchers and practitioners emphasize that the design of such systems is a complex endeavor with various pitfalls, including limited stakeholder involvement in design processes and the lack of integration into existing system landscapes. Co-design is an approach used to address these pitfalls. By recognizing users as experts of their own experience, co-design directly involves users in the design process and provides them an active role in knowledge development, idea generation, and concept development.

Objective

Despite the existence of a rich body of literature on co-design methodologies, limited research exists to guide the co-design of mobile health (mHealth) systems. This study aims to contextualize an existing co-design framework for mHealth applications and construct guidelines to address common challenges of co-designing mHealth systems.

Methods

Tapping into the knowledge and experience of experts in co-design and mHealth systems development, we conducted an exploratory qualitative study consisting of 16 semistructured interviews. Thereby, a constructivist ontological position was adopted while acknowledging the socially constructed nature of reality in mHealth system development. Purposive sampling across web-based platforms (eg, Google Scholar and ResearchGate) and publications by authors with co-design experience in mHealth were used to recruit co-design method experts (n=8) and mHealth system developers (n=8). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis along with our objectives of contextualizing the co-design framework and constructing guidelines for applying co-design to mHealth systems development.

Results

The contextualized framework captures important considerations of the mHealth context, including dedicated prototyping and implementation phases, and an emphasis on immersion in real-world contexts. In addition, 7 guidelines were constructed that directly pertain to mHealth: understanding stakeholder vulnerabilities and diversity, health behavior change, co-design facilitators, immersion in the mHealth ecosystem, postdesign advocates, health-specific evaluation criteria, and usage data and contextual research to understand impact.

Conclusions

System designers encounter unique challenges when engaging in mHealth systems development. The contextualized co-design framework and constructed guidelines have the potential to serve as a shared frame of reference to guide the co-design of mHealth systems and facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration at the nexus of information technology and health research.
An Advanced Nursing Directive for Children With Suspected Appendicitis: Protocol for a Quality Improvement Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chaudhari Hanu , Schneeweiss Michelle , Rebinsky Reid , Rullo Enrico , Eltorki Mohamed
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Pediatric appendicitis accounts for an estimated 7% to 10% of abdominal pain cases in the emergency department (ED). The diagnosis is time-consuming, and the investigative process depends on physician assessment, resulting in delays in diagnosis and therapeutic management. The utility of an advanced nursing directive (AND) to expedite this process is unclear and needs further exploration.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to describe key components of ED flow in patients with suspected appendicitis seen at a pediatric ED and pilot a directive that allows ED nurses to perform an order set that includes blood work, urine tests, analgesics, fluids, and an abdominal-pelvis ultrasound prior to physician assessment.

METHODS

This study involves conducting a retrospective chart review alongside a quality improvement initiative to compare key ED flow metrics before and after AND implementation. Primary outcome measures include median time from ED triage assessment to ultrasound completion, analgesia administration, blood work results, and time to disposition (consult or discharge), alongside other key ED flow metrics for suspected appendicitis. Secondary outcomes will involve patient and caretaker satisfaction surveys. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the data. For differences in proportions, a chi-square test will be used. The Student t test will be used for continuous variables. A variable-controlled run chart will be performed to assess impact on ED flow metrics. Patient and family satisfaction surveys are administered immediately after the directive encounter and 7 days afterward.

RESULTS

There are currently 3900 patients who have been screened, 344 patients who have been enrolled, and 90 patients who have received the medical directive since implementation in June 2020. Interim results on reduction of time to diagnostic and therapeutic ED flow parameters and satisfaction surveys are expected to be published in February 2022. The final study endpoint will be in June 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

This study proposes a novel protocol for improving the diagnosis and treatment of suspected pediatric appendicitis through implementation of an evidence-based AND. This model may provide a standardized, international pathway for management of common pediatric and adult emergencies.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR1-10.2196/33158