bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Phone Influence on Sexual Behaviour of Undergraduate Students: A Case Study of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
Authors: Machuki Ondicho , Mutua Joan
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The study sought to examine the influence of mobile phone use on sexual behaviour of university students: a case study of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya. The study specifically, sought to examine the effect of characteristics of mobile phones users, uses and gratification of mobile phones and the frequency of using mobile phones on sexual behaviour of university students in Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya.

Methodology: The research design that was adopted was descriptive in nature. The study also used both quantitative and qualitative data obtained from the respondents using questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) guides. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires while qualitative data was collected using Focus Group Discussions. The study adopted a stratified random sampling technique to select the sample size from the three strata, which are the various Faculties in JKUAT. The study then used Fisher’s formula to arrive at an adequate scientific sample size of 384 students who were targeted using convenient sampling, that is those that are ready to respond to the questionnaires and the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The quantitative data in this research was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS v22.0.

Results: It was concluded that male students are more likely to use protection consistently compared to female students. In addition, the findings imply that consistency in condom use is a factor that is dependent on the age of the individual. In addition, relationship status is a contributor to the behaviour of the students sexually. For those that are in serious relationships, their use of protection declines due to the build-up of emotional and intimate trust towards each other. The findings likewise indicate that the student’s usage of mobile phones correlates significantly with the consistent use of protection for safe sex. Those students who have had their phones since they joined Campus are more likely to practice safe sex. In addition, heavy users of mobile phones are likely to practice safe sex including those who browse the internet for news updates.

Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends the media practitioners need to step up the production of morally acceptable media content and offer a platform for advertising and campaigning for sexual conduct by encouraging and stressing the use of protection. The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education should actively involve the undergraduate students in reproductive information awareness campaigns for ensuring positive attitudes towards responsible sexual behaviour and promoting best sexual practices.
Retratos de caboclos e de cores
Authors: Freire Paulo Airton Maia
Published: August 2021

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Alteridad, lenguaje y ontología en la antropología perspectivista de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro:
Authors: Moszowski Van Loon Aäron
Published: August 2021

En este artículo adopto una mirada más serena y analítica para reexaminar algunos aspectos cruciales de la antropología perspectivista de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, que durante su reciente apogeo ha sido discutida en términos demasiado polarizados. Al rastrear el uso de “ontología” en el contexto de este controvertido proyecto, evalúo tanto su dimensión metodológica como su dimensión ontológica. Esto no sólo me obliga a enfrentar los problemas de la alteridad y el lenguaje, sino también me lleva a explorar sus vínculos con los llamados “giros ontológicos” en la antropología y en la filosofía contemporáneas. Paralelamente, esbozo algunas pistas prometedoras para guiar la antropología más allá de las dificultades encontradas: el pluralismo epistemológico de Paul Feyerabend y las reflexiones inconclusas de Michel Foucault sobre la práctica de la parrēsia en la antigua Grecia. De esta forma, espero iniciar un diálogo inter y transdisciplinario para tender puentes entre los seguidores y los detractores del proyecto, articulado alrededor del llamamiento esencialmente político de “tomar en serio” el pensamiento nativo.
Remote sensing of aerosol properties during intense smog events over Lahore (Pakistan)
Authors:   Dept. of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space ApplicationsLahore), Pakistan., Tariq Salman , Mehmood Sumayia ,   Dept. of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space ApplicationsLahore), Pakistan., Nisa Aiman ,   Dept. of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space ApplicationsLahore), Pakistan., ul-Haq Zia ,   Dept. of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space ApplicationsLahore), Pakistan., Mehmood Usman ,   2University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Published: August 2021

In recent years, smog has been one of the main concerns in heavily populated urban areas like Lahore (Pakistan) and Kanpur (India). Atmospheric pollutants like aerosols play an important role in smog. In this paper, aerosol types are identified in smog episodes, based on Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data, during 4-year period i.e., 2015-2018. Aerosols are classified based on fine mode fraction (FMF) and single scattering albedo (SSA). One of the main aerosol types which are abundant in every smog episode is Black Carbon (BC) aerosol while dust is present throughout the year. BC is responsible for radiation imbalance and is considered the main component in climate changes at regional and global levels. Furthermore, time series of aerosol optical depth (AOD) during smog episodes is used to identify the variability of aerosol burden in the atmosphere. Backward trajectories from the HYSPLIT model are used to trace the origin of aerosols during the days of maximum AOD.
Mapping Kuwait bathymetry using passive multispectral remote sensing
Authors:   Marine Monitoring Section, Water Quality Monitoring Department, Environmental Public Authority, Kuwait, Albanai Jasem A
Published: August 2021

Mapping bathymetry is essential for many fields, including science, engineering, and the military, among others. Bathymetry is extremely important in the scientific field because it is linked to many physical and environmental issues such as coastal erosion, sea-level rise, and water quality. Traditionally, conventional methods, such as pre-measured cable passage, were used to estimate depths. Lately, echo-sounder assessments were used on hydrograph ships. This method is effective, but it is very costly in both economic and time terms. Remote sensing technology provides modern methods for mapping bathymetry, such as the use of active and passive remote sensing. Many satellite sensors cover multispectral bands. Some are commercial, such as IKONOS and WorldView, while others are freely available, such as Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2. In this study, Landsat 8 (15 meters spatial resolution) was used to estimate the depths of the waters of Kuwait, an Arabian Gulf country located on the Northwestern side of the gulf. Ground truthing points (GTPs) were used to build a bathymetric model of Kuwaiti territorial water (KTW) using the ratio transform algorithm (RTA) applied on Landsat 8 data. The results showed a good ability of Landsat 8 and RTA to estimate the depths of Kuwait’s waters, where the relationship between the derived model from Landsat 8 and the GTPs was positive (r2 = 0.9634). Meanwhile, the accuracy of the derived bathymetric model was evaluated by computing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE = ± 1.66 meters) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE ± = 1.29).
Violencia, feminicidios y crimen organizado en Guanajuato, México
Authors: Rosas Vargas Rocío , León Andrade Marilu , Bustamante Lara Tzatzil Isela
Published: August 2021

Guanajuato es un estado con una economía pujante y, dice el gobierno del estado, creciente. Se han instalado varias armadoras de autos y sus proveedurías en el corredor industrial. Pero también Guanajuato es el estado donde ahora hay fosas clandestinas a donde van a tirar los cuerpos de las mujeres y de los hombres que cada día asesinan. Es el estado que niega el nivel tan alto de violencia general, organizada y no, y la violencia de femicida. Es el estado donde las mujeres han quedado atrapadas entre bandos del crimen y se cobra con sus vidas. De eso se trata este artículo de analizar el creciente aumento de asesinatos de mujeres dentro de esta violencia que no tiene para cuando acabar. Para realizar este trabajo se revisaron periódicos locales buscando los casos de asesinatos de mujeres, así como revisión documental. Hay una relación directa entre el auge de los enfrentamientos del crimen organizado en Guanajuato y los asesinatos de mujeres, ya que la situación social del estado no solamente provocan dichas muertes, sino que produce impunidad para estos y otros crímenes.
entrevista en la investigación narrativa
Authors: Madrigal Rubén
Published: August 2021

El escrito tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la entrevista narrativa como una posibilidad teórica de comprender el procedimiento adecuado para desarrollar una investigación biográfico narrativa en torno a las trayectorias académicas de unos profesores de tiempo completo que laboran en un programa doctoral a los que denomino académicos porque hacen las funciones sustantivas de investigación, docencia y difusión de sus investigaciones, además de gestión y vinculación como funciones adjetivas. La reflexión se tematiza a partir de participar en un seminario permanente sobre la Narrativa y subjetividad en investigación en educación. También se vincula con mi investigación en proceso denominada egresados del doctorado del ISCEEM. Relatos de trayectorias académicas, identidad y subjetividades. La reflexión se enmarca tratando de pensar con dos autores centrales Antonio Bolivar sobre la investigación biográfico narrativa y Hugo Zemelman sobre el sujeto social que deviene en sujeto académico.
¿Teología de la liberación en el post-socialismo?
Authors: Alvarado Rolando
Published: August 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 16, No. 47, 1999: 173-187.
Los mártires jesuánicos en el tercer mundo
Authors: Sobrino Jon
Published: August 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 16, No. 48, 1999: 237-255.
Persecución y muerte violenta de los profetas de Israel
Authors: Sivatte Rafael de
Published: August 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 16, No. 48, 1999: 257-276.
Significación teológica y eclesial de Medellín y Puebla. Desafíos a los cristianos del primer mundo en el siglo XXI
Authors: Tamayo Acosta Juan José
Published: August 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 17, No. 49, 2000: 37-50.
El evangelio de la fe y de la justicia
Authors: González Antonio
Published: August 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 17, No. 50, 2000: 167-190.
COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERS OF BHENDI ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (L.) MOENCH)
Authors: Kalaiselvan S. , Anuja S.
Published: August 2021

The present investigation consisted of 9 lines, 3 testers with their 27 F1 hybrids developed through line x tester mating fashion in randomized block design with three replications. Parents and hybrids differed significantly for gca and sca effects, respectively. Among the parents, maximum gca effect was found in EC 112241 and Aruna for inter node distance, EC 112241 and Arka Anamika for single fruit weight, EC 109454, EC 169344 and Arka Anamika for number of branches per plant, EC 169331 and Arka Anamika for number of fruits per plant, EC 109454 and Aruna for plant height at final harvest. The crosses exhibited maximum positive significant sca effect was observed in EC 112241 x Aruna, EC 109454 x Kashi Kranti and EC 112264 x Aruna were found as good specific combiners for single fruit weight, number of branches per plant and number of fruits per plant respectively. The hybrid EC 112264 x Aruna exhibited maximum significant negative sca effects for inter node distance and plant height at final harvest.
Determinants behind the happiness of residents in the Helsinki metropolitan area
Authors: Mustonen Pekka
Published: August 2021

This study examines the determinants behind the perceived happiness of residents in the five cities of the Helsinki metropolitan area. A set of variables based on Maslow’s hierarchy was chosen in order to explain the subjective perception of happiness. Maslow’s hierarchy as a theoretical framework worked relatively well. A great deal of the results were in line with expectations and there are structures that clearly distinguish the cities from each other. Some of these structures seem to be connected to stereotypes concerning the examined cities and actually affect happiness in a way that is contrary to these stereotypes. It can even be said that something that is taken for granted, does not actually affect happiness; but despite this, people consider these issues very important.
Personal and social shame among the recipients of charity food aid in Finland
Authors: Laihiala Tuomo , Kallio Johanna , Ohisalo Maria
Published: August 2021

In this article, we focus on shame among the recipients of charity food aid in Finland. We are interested in whether shame is explained by sociodemographic factors, frequent use of food aid or the persons for whom the charity food is obtained. Our analysis is based on survey data collected in 2012–2013 (N = 3474). Shame is measured using two indicators that are related to social and personal shame. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression are utilised. Nearly three of four respondents do not perceive receiving food aid as humiliating or socially harmful. Feelings of social shame are more common when charity food aid is needed to support an entire family rather than an individual recipient, and feelings of personal shame are more common when there are two or more children in the family. The highly educated, the elderly and those with the most insufficient perceived incomes are more socially and personally ashamed than others are. Women receiving charity food aid consider it more socially shameful than men do.
Policymaking through opposing ideas? Framing conditionality and unconditionality in Finnish parliamentary discourse
Authors: Varjonen Sampo
Published: August 2021

In the ideational branch of institutionalist literature, policy outcomes are often explained in terms of a single idea or a set of ideas prevailing over others. This article explores a unique case where the Finnish government simultaneously introduced policies grounded in the ideas of unconditionality – in the form of a basic income experiment – and conditionality, reinforced through reforms concerning unemployment benefits. The study focuses on the ways in which political actors, in their framing strategies, connected their arguments to cognitive paradigms and normative public sentiments located in the background of policy debates. Through a thematic analysis of documentary data, the study finds that the seemingly contradictory unconditional and conditional measures were made compatible by framing them in connection to the prevailing cognitive activation paradigm. However, the framing of stricter conditionality additionally made use of normative arguments, connecting to public sentiments on what may be considered appropriate.
Dissolution of expressive and instrumental voluntary associations: Four key dimensions in explaining organizational change
Authors: Sundblom Dan , Lagerspetz Mikko , Keedus Liisi , Rikmann Erle
Published: August 2021

This study inspects the reasons as for why voluntary associations end their activity and dissolve as legal entities. The empirical data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with former leaders of 30 organizations in Estonia and Finland. To appreciate the sector’s diversity, the analysis makes a distinction between associations with mainly expressive, and those with mainly instrumental functions. Causes for the associations’ dissolution fall into four different categories related to (1) the association as a social entity, (2) resources, (3) goals and (4) environment. Reasons belonging to the first category of internal, social reasons, such as problems of leadership, internal organization and membership recruitment were the most common ones. However, several reasons often intertwined. A comparison between associations of different types showed that expressive associations were most often threatened by causes in the first category, while they were surprisingly immune to the other ones. Instrumental associations are dependent on other actors and external circumstances, and the reasons for their dissolution are likely to be related to problems with resource acquisition, goals or environments.
The structural spectra of high dilutions and their unconventional application
Authors: Arora Saurav
Published: August 2021

Until few years, the so-called implausible science, homeopathy, was on the verge of being rejected on conventional physicochemical grounds. The mere selection of ultrahigh dilutions (UHD) (homeopathic potencies) for experimentation by mainstream scientists seemed impossible, but the curiosity to explore the science behind homeopathy kept igniting intellectual alma mater who subjected homeopathy to laboratories and test tubes, to know beyond its clinical application.

Still, there exist a huge gap and a challenge to convince a conventional scientist to go beyond his domains and look for something which is apparently invisible (beyond Avogadro). But gradually we are overcoming this dogma and exploring the finer aspects and applications of UHDs. Much research has been undertaken, at least, to protect the identity of UHDs, and we are now verge of proving the plausibility of homeopathy from every aspect.

This issue of International Journal of High Dilution Research features two interesting articles on nature of UHDs and their unconventional application.

The first article by NC Sukul et al aimed to decipher the nature of the water structure of UHDs of two commonly used homeopathic drugs Natrum muriaticum and Sulphur by Laser Raman Spectroscopy. This work is in the series undertaken by the group, who earlier experimented using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Electronic, Vibrational and Raman spectroscopy to shown differences in UHDs of various drugs. The present experiment could differentiate the intensities (potencies) of Nat-m and Sulph when compared to their controls, on the basis of hydrogen bond strength and free OH groups.

The second article by Nandy et al proposes a new dimension to the application of UHD. In an interesting manner, the author used UHDs of Ferrum metallicum and Zincum oxidatum to improve the electrical properties of the electroactive Poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). The PVDF-HFP composite films were synthesized in their usual way, but an incorporation of Ferrum and Zinc-o could make the film as homeo-PVDF-composite. This enhancement of the electrical properties and are possibly due to the presence of nanoparticle, as hypothesized by the group.

The nature and application of UHDs are promising but challenging areas, which can only be validated through extensive research and validation. The realm of UHDs is expanding, and the day is not far when plausibility of homeopathy would be proved from every aspect, but at the same time we should also keep the momentum of research at pace in clinical research too!
Biotherapic produced from serum of refractory to Trypanosoma cruzi animal increases survival in mice infected with the protozoan.
Authors: Ferreira Erika Cristina , Ciupa Larissa , Aleixo Denise Lessa , De AraÃºjo Silvana Marques
Published: August 2021

Trypanosoma cruzi infection affects approximately eight million people from the Southern United States to Southern Argentina1, with 1.5 million of them in Brazil. The lack of an effective medication for the causative treatment of this infection arouses the interest of many researchers. Considering the data obtained by our team regarding the effects of biotherapic in murine infection with T. cruzi2-7, the relationship of the effects of biotherapic with the biological material used and the species from which this material is collected, the resistance or susceptibility of this species against the pathology to be treated2-7, and the refractoriness of birds8 to T. cruzi, in this study we evaluated the effects of ultradiluted serum of Gallus gallus domesticus on the treatment of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Methodology: In a blind, controlled and randomized assay, 21 male Swiss mice, eight weeks-old, were allocated into three groups: CI: infected animals without treatment(n=7); Alcohol13cH: infected and treated with alcohol 13cH animals(n=7); Serum13cH: infected and treated with serum of Gallus gallus domesticus 13cH animals(n = 7).

The Infected animals were inoculated with 1400 blood trypomastigotes of T. cruzi-Y strain. Medications were prepared from uninfected serum of Gallus gallus domesticus according Brazilian Pharmacopoeia Homeopathy9 and administered two days before infection and on days 2, 5 and 8 after infection. The medication was diluted in the drinking water at concentration of 1% and offered ad libitum overnight. The groups were evaluated regarding survival period up to 161 days (endpoint). The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee CEUA NÂº 2401220716 . Results: Data are presented in Figure 1. The animals that received treatment with Gallus gallus domesticus serum 13cH(Serum 13cH) had higher survival rate(p
Enhancement of Quantum Efficiency of A Dye-Sensitized Electrochemical Cell by using Triturated Zinc Oxide Mixed with Two Organic Dyes, Azure C and Rose bengal
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Poonam , Basu Ruma , Das Sukhen , Bhar Durga Shankar , Manchanda Rajkumar , Nandy Papiya
Published: August 2021

For efficiently utilizing solar energy, when suitable nanoparticles are being engineered, triturated zinc oxide an eco-friendly, easily available, low cost material has been used as an agent for solar energy conversion. Two organic dyes Azure C and Rose bengal having absorption bands in two different spectral regions at 545 nm and 610 nm respectively, were chosen in order to overcome the band absorption limits of each dye and utilize the broad spectrum of solar radiation. The material was mixed with these two dyes in a specially devised electrochemical cell and photovoltage with significant efficiency was generated. The energy conversion efficiency of the cell using three different potencies 6C, 30C and 200C of triturated zinc oxide with same concentration of two dyes (0.5x10-5 M) in all cases are 0.39%, 0.43% and 0.35% respectively. The efficiency is only 0.15% for the mixed dye under similar conditions.
QUANTUM ELECTRO-DYNAMICS HELPS HOMOEOPATHY ACHIEVE ITS SCIENTIFIC BASIS (PAVING THE WAY FOR A GENERALIZED CONCEPT OF MEDICINE)
Authors: MAHATA CHITTA RANJAN
Published: August 2021

Background: Since its discovery by Samuel Hahnemann over two centuries ago homoeopathy has gifted us many incredible cures, apart from many more cures of simple diseases. Moreover, it offers cheapest medicines. Still, it lacks wide acceptability. Its main reason is lack of scientific explanation, particularly for higher potencies -- Where is their medicinal value and how do they work? In trying to throw some light on such mysteries of homoeopathy this article arrives at a new and unifying concept of medicine.

Method: Taking an earnest view of innumerable cures by homoeopathy many scientists from different fields are searching answers for the fundamental questions stated above. This article analyses logically sound and promising investigations.

Results and Discussion: Indication is obtained that water structure holds the key to unlock the mystery of homoeopathy. Action mechanism of some main-stream medicines also supports the structural model. Together they lead to a generalized concept of medicine.

Conclusion: The above analysis points to the conclusion that medicinal value of both homoeopathic and non-homoeopathic medicines lies in structures.

Key words: generalized concept of medicine, structure holds the key.
Rapid measurement of RH-dependent aerosol hygroscopic growth using a humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility spectrometer (HFIMS)
Authors: Zhang Jiaoshi , Spielman Steven , Wang Yang , Zheng Guangjie , Gong Xianda , Hering Susanne , Wang Jian
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The ability of aerosol particles to uptake water
(hygroscopic growth) is an important determinant of aerosol optical
properties and radiative effects. Aerosol hygroscopic growth is
traditionally measured by humidified tandem differential mobility analyzers
(HTDMA), in which size-selected dry particles are exposed to elevated
relative humidity (RH), and the size distribution of humidified particles
is subsequently measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer. As a
scanning mobility particle sizer can measure only one particle size at a
time, HTDMA measurements are time consuming, and ambient measurements are
often limited to a single RH level. Pinterich et al. (2017b) showed that
fast measurements of aerosol hygroscopic growth are possible using a
humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility spectrometer (HFIMS). In HFIMS,
the size distribution of humidified particles is rapidly captured by a
water-based fast integrated mobility spectrometer (WFIMS), leading to a
factor of ∼10 increase in measurement time resolution. In
this study we present a prototype HFIMS that extends fast hygroscopic growth
measurements to a wide range of atmospherically relevant RH values, allowing
for more comprehensive characterizations of aerosol hygroscopic growth. A
dual-channel humidifier consisting of two humidity conditioners in parallel
is employed such that aerosol RH can be quickly stepped among different RH
levels by sampling from alternating conditioners. The measurement sequence
is also optimized to minimize the transition time between different particle
sizes. The HFIMS is capable of measuring aerosol hygroscopic growth of six
particle diameters under five RH levels ranging from 20 % to 85 % (30
separate measurements) every 25 min. The performance of this HFIMS is
characterized and validated using laboratory-generated ammonium sulfate
aerosol standards. Measurements of ambient aerosols are shown to demonstrate
the capability of HFIMS to capture the rapid evolution of aerosol
hygroscopic growth and its dependence on both size and RH.
Blue carbon stocks and exchanges along the California coast
Authors: Ward Melissa A. , Hill Tessa M. , Souza Chelsey , Filipczyk Tessa , Ricart Aurora M. , Merolla Sarah , Capece Lena R. , O'Donnell Brady C , Elsmore Kristen , Oechel Walter C. , Beheshti Kathryn M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Salt marshes and seagrass meadows can sequester and store high
quantities of organic carbon (OC) in their sediments relative to other
marine and terrestrial habitats. Assessing carbon stocks, carbon sources,
and the transfer of carbon between habitats within coastal seascapes are
each integral in identifying the role of blue carbon habitats in coastal
carbon cycling. Here, we quantified carbon stocks, sources, and exchanges in
seagrass meadows, salt marshes, and unvegetated sediments in six bays along
the California coast. In the top 20 cm of sediment, the salt marshes
contained approximately twice as much OC as seagrass meadows did, 4.92 ± 0.36 kg OC m−2 compared to 2.20 ± 0.24 kg OC m−2,
respectively. Both salt marsh and seagrass sediment carbon stocks were
higher than previous estimates from this region but lower than global and
US-wide averages, respectively. Seagrass-derived carbon was deposited
annually into adjacent marshes during fall seagrass senescence. However,
isotope mixing models estimate that negligible amounts of this seagrass
material were ultimately buried in underlying sediment. Rather, the vast
majority of OC in sediment across sites was likely derived from
planktonic/benthic diatoms and/or C3 salt marsh plants.
Contrasting patterns of carbon cycling and DOM processing in two phytoplankton-bacteria communities
Authors: Elovaara Samu Markku , Eronen-Rasimus Eeva Liisa , Asmala Eero Jooseppi , Tamelander Tobias , Kaartokallio Hermanni Pekka
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Microbial consumption of phytoplankton-derived organic carbon in the pelagic food web is an important component of the global C cycle. We studied C cycling in two phytoplankton-bacteria systems (non-axenic cultures of a dinoflagellate Apocalathium malmogiense and a cryptophyte Rhodomonas marina) in two experiments. In the first experiment we grew phytoplankton and bacteria in nutrient replete conditions and followed C processing at early exponential growth phase and at two later phases. Primary production and total community respiration were up to 4 and 7 times higher, respectively, in the A. malmogiense treatments. Based on the optical signals, accumulating dissolved organic C (DOC) was degraded more in the R. marina treatments and the rate of bacterial production to primary production was higher. Thus, the flow of C from phytoplankton to bacteria was relatively higher in R. marina treatments than in A. malmogiense treatments which was further supported by faster 14C transfer from phytoplankton to bacterial biomass. In the second experiment we investigated consumption of the phytoplankton-derived DOC by bacteria. DOC consumption and transformation, bacterial production and bacterial respiration were all higher in R. marina treatments. In both experiments A. malmogiense supported a bacterial community predominated by bacteria specialized in the utilization of less labile DOC (class Bacteroidia) whereas R. marina supported a community predominated by copiotrophic Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. Our findings suggest that large dinoflagellates cycle relatively more C between phytoplankton biomass and the inorganic C pool whereas small cryptophytes direct relatively more C to the microbial loop.
Weakened impact of the Atlantic Niño on the future equatorial Atlantic and Guinean Coast rainfall
Authors: Worou Koffi , Goosse Hugues , Fichefet Thierry , Kucharski Fred
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The Guinea Coast is the southern part of the West African continent. Its summer rainfall variability mostly occurs on interannual timescales and is highly influenced by the sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the eastern equatorial Atlantic, which is known as the Atlantic Niño (ATL3). Using historical simulations from 31 General Circulation Models (GCMs) participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we first show that these models are able to simulate reasonably well the rainfall annual cycle in the Guinea Coast, with, however, a wet bias during boreal summer. This bias is associated with too high mean summer SSTs in the eastern equatorial and south Atlantic regions. Next, we analyze the near-term, mid-term and long-term changes of the Atlantic Niño mode relative to the present-day situation, in a climate with a high anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases. We find a gradual decrease of the equatorial Atlantic SST anomalies associated with the Atlantic Niño in the three periods of the future. This result reflects a possible reduction of the Atlantic Niño variability in the future due to a weakening of the Bjerkness feedback over the equatorial Atlantic. In a warmer climate, an oceanic extension of the Saharan Heat Low over the North Atlantic and an anomalous higher sea level pressure in the western equatorial Atlantic relative to the eastern equatorial Atlantic weaken the climatological trade winds over the equatorial Atlantic. As a result, the eastern equatorial Atlantic thermocline is deeper and responds less to Atlantic Niño events. Among the models that simulate a realistic rainfall pattern associated with ATL3 in the present-day climate, there are 15 GCMs which project a decrease of the Guinean Coast rainfall response related to ATL3, and 9 GCMs which show no substantial change in the patterns associated with ATL3. In these 15 models, the zonal wind response to the ATL3 over the equatorial Atlantic is strongly attenuated in the future climate. Similar results are found when the analysis is focused on the rainfall response to ATL3 over the equatorial Atlantic. There is a higher confidence in the reduction of the rainfall associated with ATL3 over the Atlantic Ocean than over the Guinea Coast. We also found a decrease of the convection associated with ATL3 in the majority of the models.
Mitigation of the double ITCZ syndrome in BCC-CSM2-MR through improving parameterizations of boundary-layer turbulence and shallow convection
Authors: Lu Yixiong , Wu Tongwen , Li Yubin , Yang Ben
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The spurious double Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
is one of the most prominent systematic biases in coupled atmosphere–ocean
general circulation models (CGCMs), and the underestimated marine stratus
over eastern subtropical oceans has been recognized as a possible
contributor. Rather than modifying the cloud scheme itself, this study
significantly ameliorates the marine stratus simulation through improving
parameterizations of boundary-layer turbulence and shallow convection in the
medium-resolution Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 2
(BCC-CSM2-MR). The University of Washington moist turbulence scheme is
implemented in BCC-CSM2-MR to better represent the stratocumulus, and a
decoupling criterion is also introduced to the shallow convection scheme
for improving the simulation of the stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition.
Results show that the simulated precipitation in the eastern Pacific south of the
Equator is largely reduced, alleviating the double ITCZ problem. The
tropical precipitation asymmetry index increases from −0.024 in the
original BCC-CSM2-MR to 0.147 in the revised BCC-CSM2-MR, which is much
closer to the observation. The study suggests that improving
parameterizations of boundary-layer turbulence and shallow convection is
effective for mitigating the double ITCZ syndrome in CGCMs.
Copula-based synthetic data augmentation for machine-learning emulators
Authors: Meyer David , Nagler Thomas , Hogan Robin J.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Can we improve machine-learning (ML) emulators with synthetic data? If data
are scarce or expensive to source and a physical model is available,
statistically generated data may be useful for augmenting training sets
cheaply. Here we explore the use of copula-based models for generating
synthetically augmented datasets in weather and climate by testing the
method on a toy physical model of downwelling longwave radiation and
corresponding neural network emulator. Results show that for
copula-augmented datasets, predictions are improved by up to 62 % for the mean absolute error (from 1.17 to 0.44 W m−2).
Developing the Swiss mid-infrared soil spectral library for local estimation and monitoring
Authors: Baumann Philipp , Helfenstein Anatol , Gubler Andreas , Keller Armin , Meuli Reto Giulio , Wächter Daniel , Lee Juhwan , Viscarra Rossel Raphael , Six Johan
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Information on soils' composition and physical, chemical and biological properties is paramount to elucidate agroecosystem functioning in space and over time. For this purpose, we developed a national Swiss soil spectral library (SSL; n=4374) in the mid-infrared (mid-IR), calibrating 16 properties from legacy measurements on soils from the Swiss Biodiversity Monitoring program (BDM; n=3778; 1094 sites) and the Swiss long-term Soil Monitoring Network (NABO; n=596; 71 sites). General models were trained with the interpretable rule-based learner CUBIST, testing combinations of {5,10,20,50, and 100} ensembles of rules (committees) and {2, 5, 7, and 9} nearest neighbors used for local averaging with repeated 10-fold cross-validation grouped by location. To evaluate the information in spectra to facilitate long-term soil monitoring at a plot level, we conducted 71 model transfers for the NABO sites to induce locally relevant information from the SSL, using the data-driven sample selection method RS-LOCAL. In total, 10 soil properties were estimated with discrimination capacity suitable for screening (R2≥0.72; ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ) ≥ 2.0), out of which total carbon (C), organic C (OC), total nitrogen (N), pH and clay showed accuracy eligible for accurate diagnostics (R2>0.8; RPIQ ≥ 3.0). CUBIST and the spectra estimated total C accurately with the root mean square error (RMSE) = 8.4 g kg−1 and the RPIQ = 4.3, while the measured range was 1–583 g kg−1 and OC with RMSE = 9.3 g kg−1 and RPIQ = 3.4 (measured range 0–583 g kg−1). Compared to the general statistical learning approach, the local transfer approach – using two respective training samples – on average reduced the RMSE of total C per site fourfold. We found that the selected SSL subsets were highly dissimilar compared to validation samples, in terms of both their spectral input space and the measured values. This suggests that data-driven selection with RS-LOCAL leverages chemical diversity in composition rather than similarity. Our results suggest that mid-IR soil estimates were sufficiently accurate to support many soil applications that require a large volume of input data, such as precision agriculture, soil C accounting and monitoring and digital soil mapping. This SSL can be updated continuously, for example, with samples from deeper profiles and organic soils, so that the measurement of key soil properties becomes even more accurate and efficient in the near future.
Synoptic control on snow avalanche activity in central Spitsbergen
Authors: Hancock Holt , Hendrikx Jordy , Eckerstorfer Markus , Wickström Siiri
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric circulation exerts an important control on a region's snow
avalanche activity by broadly determining the mountain weather patterns
that influence snowpack development and avalanche release. In central
Spitsbergen, the largest island in the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago,
avalanches are a common natural hazard throughout the winter months.
Previous work has identified a unique snow climate reflecting the region's
climatically dynamic environmental setting but has not specifically
addressed the synoptic-scale control of atmospheric circulation on avalanche
activity here. In this work, we investigate atmospheric circulation's
control on snow avalanching in the Nordenskiöld Land region of central
Spitsbergen by first constructing a four-season (2016/2017–2019/2020)
regional avalanche activity record using observations available on a
database used by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE).
We then analyze the synoptic atmospheric conditions on days with differing
avalanche activity situations. Our results show atmospheric circulation
conducive to elevated precipitation, wind speeds, and air temperatures near
Svalbard are associated with increased avalanche activity in
Nordenskiöld Land, but different synoptic signals exist for days
characterized by dry, mixed, and wet avalanche activity. Differing upwind
conditions help further explain differences in the frequency and nature of
avalanche activity resulting from these various atmospheric circulation
patterns. We further employ a daily atmospheric circulation calendar to help
contextualize our results in the growing body of literature related to
climate change in this location. This work helps expand our understanding of
snow avalanches in Svalbard to a broader spatial scale and provides a basis
for future work investigating the impacts of climate change on avalanche
activity in Svalbard and other locations where avalanche regimes are
impacted by changing climatic and synoptic conditions.
Comparison between Effect of Balloon Blowing Exercise (BBE) in Semi-Fowler (45 Degree), Upright & 90/90 Bridge with Ball Position on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Pawaskar Aditi Sanjay , Bisen Richa
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the Comparison between effects of balloon blowing exercise (BBE) in Semi Fowlers (45 degree), Upright & 90/90 Bridge with ball position on Peak expiratory flow rate in healthy individuals.
Participants & Method: Participants were randomly assigned in respective groups to perform the balloon blowing activity. The exercise programs were conducted 30 minutes per day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks, Peak expiratory flow rate was measured with mechanical equipment called Peak Expiratory Flow Meter before and after the exercise program period.
Results: Effectiveness of Semi fowlers position for Balloon blowing activity is significantly more than that of Upright and 90/90 Bridge Position with Ball on Peak expiratory flow rate pre and post values(p<0.005).
Conclusion: With accordance to objectives, Comparison of Peak expiratory flow rate values in pre & post exercise in three positions shows that there is improvement of group A(Semi fowlers position)> Group C(90/90 Bridge with ball position)>Group B(Upright position)

Keywords: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), Balloon blowing exercise (BBE), Semi fowlers position, Upright position, 90/90 Bridge will ball position.
The Effect of Online Customer Review and Promotion through E-Trust on the Purchase Decision of Bukalapakin Medan City
Authors: Regina Rimna , Rini Endang Sulistya , Sembiring Beby Karina Fawzeea
Published: August 2021

Technological developments have made a shift in customer behavior from purchasing through an offline shop to purchasing through an online shop or through e-commerce. People tend to use technology to support their needs. The development of e-commerce sites is increasingly intense with many e-commerce sites competing with each other to attract the attention of sellers and buyers. Currently in Indonesia, the online shop trend is on the rise. Many new online shops have started to appear, adding to the list of old online shops that have already been in this e-commerce business. One of the e-commerce sites originating from within the country, including Bukalapak. Bukalapak is a marketplace that was founded by Ahmad Zaky in 2010. Consumer decisions in making purchases at Bukalapak are influenced by several factors, namely online customer reviews, promotions and e-trust. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of online customer reviews and promotions through e-trust on Bukalapak's purchasing decisions in Medan City. The type of this research is associative research and the population in this study is Bukalapak users in Medan City whose number is unknown. The sampling method used is accidental sampling. Data analysis was carried out through PLS-SEM using the SmartPLS program. The results show that online customer reviews, promotions and e-trust directly have a positive and significant impact on Bukalapak's purchasing decisions in Medan City. then indirectly online customer review has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions through e-trust and promotions through e-trust have a positive and significant impact on Bukalapak's purchasing decisions in Medan City.

Keywords: Online Customer Review, Promotion, e-Trust, Purchase Decision.
Understanding the Concept of Tubal Blockage in Ayurveda
Authors: Acharya Trupti
Published: August 2021

Infertility is the failure to naturally conceive a child even after one or more years of regular unprotected coitus or to carry a pregnancy to full term. The situation gets gloomier as it is a problem often involving multiple factors, the diagnosis and treatment of which puts the family to physical and mental stress in addition to the financial expenses it involves. Tubal blockage is one of the important factors for infertility and it needs to be reviewed from the ancient texts. In this present article attempt has been made to review the tubal blockage in Ayurvedic texts.

Keywords: Infertility, Vandhyatva, Ayurveda, Tubal blockage.
Effect of Business Risk, Company Size, and Asset Structure on Capital Structure with Profitability as an Intervening Variable (Case Study on Manufacturing Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange)
Authors: Putra Robby Rahadi , Sari Maya , Astuty Widia
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of business risk, company size, and asset structure on capital structure with profitability as an intervening variable (case study on Manufacturing Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange). The population in this study are all Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 period. Based on the purposive sampling method, 71 companies were obtained as samples. The data analysis technique used the partial least square (PLS) approach. PLS is a component-based or variant-based structural equation model (SEM). The results of the analysis show that business risk, company size, and asset structure have a significant effect on profitability. Business risk, company size and asset structure have a significant effect on capital structure. Profitability has no significant effect on capital structure. Profitability cannot mediate the effect of business risk, company size, and asset structure on capital structure.

Keywords: Business Risk, Company Size, Asset Structure, Capital Structure, Profitability.
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation on the Whole Plant of Pavonia odorata Willd.
Authors: Krishnan .S. Neethu , Bhaskaran Meera , K K Mohammed Shihab
Published: August 2021

Pavonia odorata Willd. belonging to the family Malvaceae is well known for curing a variety of diseases. This study deals with the Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of whole plant of Pavonia odorata Willd. The plant is widely used as a cooling, diaphoretic, diuretic, and demulcent. It is also prescribed as an astringent and tonic for fever, inflammation and hemorrhage. Pharmacognostical studies include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical evaluation of the whole plant. The transverse section of root, stem and leaves were performed. Physicochemical constants showed the values of total ash (4.45%), acid insoluble ash (0.754%), water soluble ash (6%), sulphated ash (6. 5%), nitrated ash (1.65%), hot extraction(10.22%), water soluble extractive (9.2%), ethanol soluble extractive (4.8%), ether soluble extractive (1.2%), loss on drying (25%), swelling index(1) and mucilage content(0.25%) w/w. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the alcoholic extract showed presents of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, mucilage and flavonoids. The study helps in the development of standard parameters of the plant which help the identification and authentication of the plant.

Keywords: Pavonia odorata Willd., Pharmacognostical, phytochemical evaluation, Medicinal plant drugs, ethnomedicine.
PENGARUH ATRIBUT PRODUK DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENGINAP KONSUMEN PADA HOTEL SYARIAH NUSANTARA
Authors: Saodin
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek signifikan dari atribut produk dan kualitas layanan terhadap keputusan menginap di Hotel Syariah Nusantara di Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan populasi yang semuanya konsumen di Hotel Syariah Bandar Lampung, sedangkan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel atribut produk dan variabel kualitas layanan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan menginap di Hotel Syariah Bandar Lampung. Hasil tes F menunjukkan bahwa variabel atribut produk dan variabel kualitas layanan bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keputusan untuk menginap di Hotel Syariah di Bandar Lampung. Hasil koefisien determinasi(R2) yang diperoleh dalam analisis regresi berganda memperoleh koefisien determinasi dengan disesuaikan-R2 dari 0,655. Ini berarti bahwa 65,5% dari variasi variabel keputusan tinggal dapat dijelaskan oleh atribut produk dan variabel kualitas layanan, sedangkan 34,5% sisanya dijelaskan oleh faktor-faktor lain di luar model yang dipelajari.