bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlación entre indicadores antropométricos y niveles de leptina en madres e hijos. Cali, Colombia, 2012-2013
Authors: Echandía Álvarez Carlos Armando , Villegas Arenas Dolly , Echandía Connie Alejandra
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: la obesidad es un factor de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: explorar la relación entre indicadores antropométricos y niveles de leptina en un grupo de madres y en sus hijos. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal en 74 binomios madre-hijo de Cali, Colombia. Se realizó caracterización sociodemográfica, evaluaciones antropométricas y leptina sérica en 56 madres y 26 niños. Se usaron coeficientes de correlación entre los indicadores antropométricos y la leptina. Resultados: las madres presentaron 35,5 % de exceso de peso, elevada grasa corporal en un 80 % y niveles de leptina de 20,5 ng/mL. Los niños tenían 20,7±2,4 meses de edad; 8,2 % de exceso de peso; 4,1 % desnutrición aguda y niveles de leptina de 1,85 ng/mL. En madres e hijos las correlaciones entre indicadores antropométricos fueron significativas y positivas, lo mismo con leptina en las madres, pero en los niños solo correlacionó débilmente con peso/talla e IMC-edad. La leptina en las madres se correlacionó débilmente con indicadores antropométricos de los niños, pero no al contrario. Conclusión: la prevalencia de exceso de peso es alta en las madres y menor en los niños. La leptina en las madres se correlaciona débilmente con indicadores antropométricos de los niños, pero no al contrario.
Formación contable en Colombia: incidencia del contexto político, económico y social
Authors: Pulgarín García Laura Natalia , Sandoval Alarcón Julián David , Navarro Pérez Paula Andrea
Published: February 2021

A diferencia de los modelos contables empresariales implementados en Colombia a través de procesos de normalización, la formación contable todavía no está estandarizada e históricamente ha estado supeditada a demandas particulares del contexto donde operan los programas de formación. Consecuentemente, este estudio pretende analizar la formación contable en Colombia a la luz de la influencia que tienen los contextos económico, político y social en distintos niveles de formación superior y distintas categorías municipales. Para ello, se utiliza una metodología descriptiva y analítica, acompañada de un muestreo aleatorio simple que permita contrastar los programas de formación profesional, técnica y tecnológica en el área contable a la luz de la influencia que ejercen sus entornos. Se encontró que, los programas profesionales tienen mayor influencia del contexto en comparación a los técnicos y tecnológicos; además, de dicho contexto el aspecto que más influye es el político y el que menos es el social.
Structure proposed to deal with sensor-based data
Authors: Santos Leandro Colevati dos , Santos Filho Sebastião Gomes dos , Silva Maria Lucia Pereira da
Published: February 2021

The possibility of greater control over processes, with the increasing use of sensors, leads to the generation of a large amount of data and, consequently, inherent difficulties, also need care. Storage, processing, filtering, become more difficult and the use of cloud computing can be a solution, however, the cloud computing technology also has limitations regarding latency and availability that can be mitigated with the use of an intermediate layer, called fog computing. As the structuring of the fog computing layer is not yet standardized, one of the possibilities is the application of an enterprise service bus (ESB), a structure based on the availability and interconnection of targeted services, for processing, filtering or storage. From an ESB structure such as fog computing, proofs of concept were developed to validate the technology, the first proof of concept being an environment, whose temperature must be controlled, with distributed sensors and their values received, processed and stored by services in the ESB and the second proof of concept, based on soil contaminant data, obtained by sensors and made available in the literature, for which filtering and processing services, on the same bus, were used. The study presents, in its results, the applicability of the fog computing layer, minimizing the limitations of cloud computing.
Achievements of the department for development of new products, related technologies and materials of JSC RosNITI
Authors:   Russian Scientific and FResearch Institute of Tube Industry – RusNITI JSC (Chelyabinsk, Russia), Kuznetsov V. I.
Published: February 2021

The latest achievements of the department for new products, related technologies and materials are presented in the following areas: creation of anti-corrosion and conservation coatings; development of cylinders; development and testing of rolling tools, technological lubricants and coatings. Based on the results of the activities of the department employees, high-tech science-intensive types of new products with high added value, which are in demand in the market, have been developed and implemented, such as heat-insulated lift pipes, oil and gas pipes with a metal coating of the welded joint zone, pipes with threaded casing connections with GW coatings, pipes with deoxidized inner and outer surfaces, cylinders of new designs, original lubricants and deoxidizing materials.
Study of the structure and mechanical properties of samples obtained by the selective laser alloying technology from the Inconel 738 heat-resistant alloy powder
Authors:   Samara National Research University (Samara, Russia), Agapovichev A. V. , Kokareva V. V. ,   Samara National Research University (Samara, Russia), Alekseev V. P. ,   Samara National Research University (Samara, Russia), Smelov V. G. ,   Samara National Research University (Samara, Russia)
Published: February 2021

The technology of selective laser melting of heat-resistant alloys is of great interest in the aerospace industry, because it allows you to implement a more complex geometry of parts in comparison with traditional technologies. This paper presents the results of determining the rational technological parameters of scanning a metal powder of a heat-resistant alloy Inconel 738. By statistical processing of experimental data to determine the effect of technological parameters of scanning on the tensile strength of a material, rational technological parameters of scanning are established, namely, the laser radiation power is 325 W, the scanning step is 0,12 mm, scanning speed of 677 mm/s, which corresponds to a bulk energy density of 80 J/mm3. The results of tests of cylindrical samples manufactured at angles of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° to the uniaxial tension building platform are presented. A study of the microstructure of the samples was executed.
SOVIET FACTORIES OF ANGELS: THE SYSTEM OF FOSTERAGE BEFORE AND DURING THE HOLODOMOROF 1932–1933
Authors: Shugaloyva I.
Published: February 2021

The article reveals mechanisms of the fosterage system establishment and its organisation. Foster care used to mean a system of care for children to adjust them to society and labour activity. It is important to notice that fosterage discredited itself when the Communist authorities stopped paying over to families that took their children into foster care (during the imperial period, families with a foster child used to receive a regular pay-offs in an amount of 3 rubbles). Having lost government financial support, many foster parents began to dishouse children. In fact, among the population, fosterage was traditionally called as "angel factories".

In the article demonstrates the analysis of the reasons for the actualization of the fosterage practice by the communist authorities, different types of patronage, as well as the attitude of children and patrons to such a system of education is clarified. Furthermore, the authors studied the genesis of fosterage, identified the features of its activities during the years of artificial famine in the 1921 – 1923, as well as its transformation during the NEP and the late 1920s. Significant attention was paid to the characteristics of the fosterage during the Holodomor 1932 – 1933 and transforming them into the factories of angels. The authors conclude that the communist system of education tended to use fosterage to relieve shelters. The living conditions for children were not under control by the authorities. For the peasants exhausted by the norms of grain procurement, it was physically impossible to keep a foster child. As a result, the mortality rate of foster cared children used to be extremely high.

The republican social education authorities were aware enough of the difficult situation concerning the fosterage practice. In 1934 and 1936, numerous legislative attempts were made to improve the situation of foster children. However, the published guidelines remained only in the frameworks of the Soviet legislative myth-making. Therefore, the Soviet "factories of angels" never underwent any transformations, once again destroying the communist myth of a happy Soviet childhood.
ZEKA OYUNLARI İLE İLGİLİ YAPILAN ULUSAL BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMALARIN TEMATİK VE METODOLOJİK AÇIDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Dokumacı Sütçü Neşe
Published: February 2021

Türkiye’de zeka oyunları dersinin 2012-2013 eğitim-öğretim yılında ortaokullarda seçmeli bir ders olarak okutulmaya başlanması ile son yıllarda zeka oyunları ile ilgili birçok disiplinde araştırma yapılmış ve yapılmaya devam etmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’de zeka oyunları ile ilgili yapılmış olan bilimsel araştırmalar doküman analizi yöntemiyle tematik ve metodolojik açıdan incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamına giren çalışmalar ölçüt örnekleme ile belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, 26 lisansüstü tez ve bu tezlerden üretilmemiş 23 makale araştırma kapsamına dâhil edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Zeka oyunları ile ilgili yapılmış olan araştırmalar tematik açıdan incelendiğinde, araştırmaların 2017 yılı ve sonrasında artış gösterdiği, en fazla “Zeka oyunlarının bazı değişkenlere etkisi” temasının araştırıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmalar metodolojik açıdan incelendiğinde ise en fazla nicel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı, araştırma desenlerinden en fazla deneysel deseninin tercih edildiği; en çok ilkokul ve ortaokul öğrencileri ile çalışıldığı; genellikle basit tesadüfî örnekleme yönteminin kullanıldığı; 1-50 ve 51-100 kişilik örneklem büyüklüğünün daha fazla tercih edildiği; araştırmaların çoğunda tercih edilen veri toplama aracının test olduğu; en fazla tercih edilen veri analiz tekniğinin betimsel istatistikler, varsayım analizleri ve karşılaştırma testleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmalardan elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle, veri analiz tekniklerinin çeşitlendirilmesi ve ileri düzey istatistik ve analiz tekniklerinin kullanılması önerilebilir.
Ukraine’s Security Problem: in Search for a solution
Authors: Petyur Roman
Published: February 2021

Independent Ukraine will soon turn 30, but the country in the heart of Europe cannot boast a predictable and stable security position. The conflict with Russia after the regime change in 2014 proved, that a prolonged conventional war in Europe is still a probability. In order to install a durable peace, the all-European security arrangement shall have no low-profile security positions of those European countries, which do not enjoy membership in military unions. The Cold-war legacy of perception of security as a divisible notion is a contradiction to the idea of security for Europe. As long as there are divergences in the level of security, there would be a temptation to test the opponent’s readiness and strength on the territory of a weaker country. This is what happened in Georgia in 2008 and has been happening in Ukraine since 2014. In search for a solution, a special attention shall be paid to the issues of status and perception of security. For a small power, which is not a member of a military bloc, it is existential to follow an approach of collective security, not collective defence. Perception of security as indivisible supposes prioritising intensive engagement of the UN and the OSCE. Ukraine as a small power shall also enhance its security position through implementation of decent democratic procedures and true market reforms. These measures have a potential to create global economic linkages through integration of Ukraine’s economy to the global capitalist system not as a supplier of raw materials, but on parity basis.
Book review: Informacyjny wymiar wojny hybrydowej, red. Marek Wrzosek, Szymon Markiewicz, Zbigniew Modrzejewski, Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, Warszawa 2018, ss. 183
Authors: Skibińska Anna
Published: February 2021

A review of the monograph titled “The Information Dimension of Hybrid Warfare,” edited by scientific editors Marek Wrzosk, Szymon Markiewicz, and Zbigniew Modrzejewski, presents the most important issues discussed in this book. Attention was paid to the extensive request of the authors - both in foreign and domestic literature. Although it did not result in a universal, generally accepted definition of "hybrid war", it outlined the context of hybrid conflicts with a particular emphasis on informational actions (including propaganda, disinformation) that are used during this type of conflict. The review also provides an interesting case study. This concerns the course of the hybrid war on the example of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, which has been going on since 2014. Despite the difficulties associated with describing the existing conflict, the authors managed to identify several of the most important areas of action on both sides, and then outline three predictive scenarios, "events". The reviewer also recreates the military doctrine of the Russian Federation and the evolution that took place in the 21st century. The electronic and media dimension of hybrid warfare was also analyzed, which is related to technological development and globalization, which is an increasingly important aspect of this type of conflict. The review also highlights the practical implications of skillfully securing information transmitted over wireless networks and protecting the original information from being captured or lost. According to the reviewer, government agencies should strive to create the appropriate infrastructure necessary to counter potential hybrid conflicts.
Periodicals of integrated units of Ukrainian Galician Army in Czechoslovakia (the second part of 1917 – 1923): the current state of historical researches
Authors: Martianova Yana
Published: February 2021

The article considers a degree of knowledge and the current state of scientific researche in the problem of functioning in camps of integrated units of Ukrainian Galician Army in Czechoslovakia (Deutsch Gabel, Liberec, Josefov), of a number of magazines (including «Voice of the Camp», «Ukrainian Shooter», «Ukrainian Wanderer» and so on). The materials, published on the pages of the above mentioned camp periodicals, represent a special value as the primary sources of the history of UGA camps. Their study is absolutely necessary for understanding the informative-educational and organizational-mobilization functions of the camp press of interned Ukrainian soldiers in the second half of 1919 – 1923. The journalistic period in the camp of international relations of the UGA in Czechoslovakia has established itself as an effective tool for influencing the world outlook and value orientations of Ukrainian soldiers. The idea of a united fighting for the independence of Ukraine. At the same time, in accordance with these living circumstances, in different living conditions in the conditions of emigration, an adaptation of the interned military personnel took place. The publication of camp periodicals became one of the evidence of a clear understanding by their first colleagues of the tasks and prospects of the Ukrainian liberation movement. Thus, we can easily imagine the daily life of the interned soldiers of the UGA in the camp.
Evolution of Types of Democracy and the Threat of Populism for Transitive States: a Media Aspect
Authors: Danylenko Serhiy , Rodina Iryna
Published: February 2021

Drawing from the examples of newly formed and former democracies, the article examines the directions which the transformation of this political concept has taken in context of the expansion of the public sphere and changes in how the democratic process is implemented. Attention is drawn to how the transition of the forefront of political life from traditional centers of its “distribution”- governments, parliaments, and municipal authorities, to the “fatherland” of the public sphere and media of varying quality has become one of the reasons for the accelerated proliferation of politics of the populist variety. The rise of media in Ukraine, where it falls under complete ownership of centers of oligarchy, provides grounds for mentioning a special type of “oligarchic democracy”, which serendipitously exploits the opportunities offered by populism. At the same time, the examples of democratic crises in other nations have become widespread enough, so that they encourage casting doubt on crucial democratic processes, including elections: electoral democracy has formally taken place, although it hasn’t fulfilled its essential function of including the citizenry in making key social decisions. Researchers assert that media is not the only source that breathes life into populist politics as a means to seize power. This carries the threat of destroying the very institutions through which the democratic form of government is realized. Transitional democracies are also subjected to the erosion of populism through problems with asserting the supremacy of law and difficulties with establishing liberal market economics, which should have been synchronized with their political transformation. Authors refer to the fact, that populism is a problem shared by governments with diverse histories of democratic life. Behind democracy always lurks the threat of false self-rule, which can lead to the rise of new authoritarian regimes under the guise of populist conservative declarations and national protectionism. Russia could become an example of this, after its wholly democratic process of voting on amendments to its national constitution, which is expected during 2020. Controversy in equal or greater measure has also surrounded the future of Great Britain after Brexit.
EFL Speaking Fluency through Authentic Oral Production
Authors: Lopez Jairo Israel , Becerra Andres Paredes , Ramirez-Avila Maria Rossana
Published: February 2021

This article describes the development of speaking fluency through authentic oral production in a six-week action research study of a public high school in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The methodology included a pre-test and a post-test that measured quantitative aspects of student’s spoken fluency (speed, pauses, repetitions, and corrections), a survey with closed-ended questions that collected learners’ perspectives towards their own speaking fluency, and an interview that addressed students’ opinions towards the elements of this action research. Twenty-four students’ audio recordings were analyzed and the results indicated that there was a significant increase of students’ speaking fluency. Results also showed that student’s perspectives on the innovation were positive since it raised awareness of their mistakes, helped them feel more confident, and let them practice the target language with autonomy outside the school boundaries. However, some considered that time and the lack of equipment and technological skills were issues that made the activity look less pleasant. This paper affirms that authentic oral production, facilitated by vlogging, helps students develop speaking fluency. Other EFL teachers and professionals in this field who would like to improve the fluency of their students in their oral production may consider reading this paper.
The Application of a Two-Sample Dispersion Method for the Analysis of Electrochemical Noises
Authors:   Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Abaturov Mikhail A.
Published: February 2021

The methodological issues of noise research in electrochemical systems are considered. The problem of reducing the spread of statistical estimation of the noise signal is solved. The study was conducted using specific stationary noises of a lithium battery. The analysis was performed using the two-sample dispersion method. It is shown that if the stationary conditions are met, noise measurements of electrochemical systems can provide the quality of results of high precision.
Association between Gene Polymorphisms of T Cell Immunoglobulin Domain and Mucin Domain-3 and Risk of Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Wenping , Huang Jiaqi , Ma Yu , Hao Chuangli , Zhang Shengfei
Published: February 2021

Previous studies have reported that T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) 574T>G and 1516G>T are associated with the risk of asthma. However, the results are inconsistent due to the small sample size and varied age in studies. We performed this metaanalysis to systematically evaluated the effect of TIM-3 574T>G and 1516G>T genetic polymorphisms on asthma. Eligible articles that reported an association between TIM-3 574T>G and 1516G>T genetic polymorphisms and asthma were searched in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to April 2020. Random or fixed-effects models were used to calculate the summary of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to detect any potential associations between TIM-3 genetic polymorphisms and asthma. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the potential sources of heterogeneity and the robustness of the pooled estimation. Publication bias was analyzed using the Egger test. A total of 11 case-control studies including 2077 asthma patients and 2122 control subjects were finally analyzed (published data form 2004-2018). The pooled results indicated that TIM-3 574T>G genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma under the dominant model (GG vs. GT +TT: ORs=2.26, 95% CI 1.09-4.69) and allele model (G vs T: ORs=2.60, 95% CI 1.20-5.64). However, no significant associations between TIM-3 1516G>T genetic polymorphisms with asthma in any model was found. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Our study indicates that TIM-3 574T>G genetic polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of asthma and the TIM-3 1516G>T genetic polymorphisms may not be correlated with asthma.
Interpretation of Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings of COVID-19 Disease: Biomarkers Associated with Severity and Mortality
Authors: Ghazanfari Tooba , Salehi Mohammad Reza , Namaki Saeed , Arabkheradmand Jalil , Rostamian Abdolrahman , Rajabnia Chenary Maryam , Ghaffarpour Sara , Kaboudanian Ardestani Sussan , Edalatifard Maryam , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Mohammadi Saeed , Mahloujirad Maryam , Izadi Alireza , Ghanaati Hossein , Beigmohammadi Mohammad Taghi , Vodjgani Mohammad , Shirazi Bentolhoda Mohammad , Mirsharif Ensie Sadat , Abdollahi Alireza , Mohammadi Mostafa , Emadi Kouchak Hamid , Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Saber Zamani Mohammad , Mahmoodi Aliabadi Maedeh , Jamali Davoud , Khajavirad Nasim , Mohseni Majd Ali Mohammad , Nasiri Zahra , Faghihzadeh Soghrat
Published: February 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly all over the world in late 2019 and caused critical illness and death in some infected patients. This study aimed at examining several laboratory factors, especially inflammatory and immunological mediators, to identify severity and mortality associated biomarkers. Ninety-three hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were classified based on disease severity. The levels of biochemical, hematological, immunological, and inflammatory mediators were assessed, and their association with severity and mortality were evaluated. Hospitalized patients were mostly men (77.4%) with an average (standard deviation) age of 59.14 (14.81) years. The mortality rate was significantly higher in critical patients (85.7%). Increased serum levels of blood sugar, urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphorus, total bilirubin, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and procalcitonin were significantly prevalent (p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.014, p=0.047, p=0.003, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, P<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively) in COVID-19 patients. Decreased red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly prevalent among COVID-19 patients than healthy control subjects (p<0.001 for all). Troponin-I, interleukin-6, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), procalcitonin, and D-dimer showed a significant association with the mortality of patients with specificity and sensitivity more than 60%. Age, sex, underlying diseases, blood oxygen pressure, complete blood count along with C-reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 evaluation help to predict the severity and required management for COVID-19 patients. Further investigations are highly recommended in a larger cohort study for validation of the present findings.
Clinical Relevance of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles in Iranian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Rasouli-Saravani Ashkan , Tahamoli-Roudsari Ahmad , Behzad Mahdi , Hajilooi Mehrdad , Solgi Ghasem
Published: February 2021

Given the potential link between genetic risk factors and clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), this study aimed to explore the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1/DQB1 alleles and haplotypes and clinical sub-phenotypes of the disease in a group of Iranian SLE patients. HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles were determined by PCR-SSP in 127 SLE patients and 153 ethnically-matched healthy controls. The relationships between various clinical manifestations and HLA alleles/haplotypes were analyzed in the patients. We observed the positive associations of DRB1*07 and DRB1*07-DQB1*02 haplotypes with articular and pulmonary involvement (p=0.006 and p<0.001 respectively), DRB1*03 and DQB1*02 alleles, and DRB1*03-DQB1*02 haplotypes with cutaneous (p=0.03, p=0.004 and p=0.02 respectively) and renal involvement, and DRB1*13 as well as DRB1*13-DQB1*06 haplotypes with renal involvement. Conversely, negative associations of DRB1*13 with cutaneous and gastrointestinal disorders (p=0.004 and p=0.02 respectively) and DRB1*01 with renal involvement (p=0.03) were found in our patients. Patients carrying susceptible HLA-DRB1 alleles had a higher risk for expression of cutaneous involvement (p=0.03), anti-coagulant antibody development (p=0.01), and a lower risk for pulmonary disorders compared to patients' negatives for susceptible alleles (p=0.04). Our findings on associations between HLA risk allele (DRB1*03) as well as non-risk alleles with particular clinical manifestations and between the potentially protective allele (DRB1*01) and protection against renal involvement indicate the important role of HLA class II genes in predisposing of specific serological and clinical features of SLE disease which could be implicative for therapeutic applications and better management of SLE patients.
Gorsk ASSR and Problems of National Self-Determination of Kabardin and Balkar Districts (1921-1922)
Authors: Shereuzhev Asker Zh.
Published: February 2021

The factors that contributed to the secession of the Kabardin and Balkar districts from the Gorsk ASSR and the formation of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Region on January 16, 1922 are considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that during this period in the history of Kabardino-Balkaria important administrative-territorial transformations took place and the foundations of state building, the result of which was the gradual exit first of Kabarda on September 1, 1921, and then of Balkaria on January 9, 1922 from the Mountain ASSR and the formation of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Region on January 16, 1922. The article considers the formation of a unified autonomy of Kabardino-Balkaria against the background of the struggle of representatives of the Kabardian and Balkarian political elites for the right to secede from the Gorsk ASSR and subsequent unification.
The Russian Silver Age: Dionysianism Versus Principium Individuationis
Authors: Matveychev Oleg A.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the existence, development and historical fate of the famous Nietzschean antithesis “Apollonian and Dionysian” in Russian culture of the late 19th - early 20th century. The author considers reasons for the true triumph of Nietzsche in Russia during the Silver Age and the peculiarities of the reception of his ideas by the Russian intelligentsia. The emphasis in the work is on the ideas of V. Ivanov - the main guide, herald and living embodiment of the idea of Dionysianism in Russia (the works of almost all other authors who addressed this topic were written under his influence). The main stages of the formation of his original concept of the cult of Dionysus, perceived by Ivanov as a primarily a religious phenomenon, are analyzed (the thinker refuses to use the concepts “Apollonian” and “Dionysian” as metaphors to describe a particular cultural reality). Ivanov's most important idea was the presentation of the cult of Dionysus and the “religion of the suffering god” as a “preparation” for Christianity. In the "restoration" of the Dionysian cult, Ivanov sees the way to overcome the crisis of the modern world, based on the principium individuationis.
Science as a Conscious Activity
Authors: Sorokin Gennady V.
Published: February 2021

Science appears to be the main generator of innovations, and technology is their concentrator, tool and source of public goods. At the same time, every inhabitant of the planet Earth understands that scientific and technological progress (STC) brings not only positive results. The disciplinarity of scientific knowledge has positive and negative sides. The positive is usually the performance efficiency due to specialization. The negative side is the lack of understanding of the general meaning of the activity. In the Middle Ages, any activity was directed towards God, served the tasks of salvation. Reason appeared as the main transforming force in the era of modern times. Marxism viewed science as a force leading to the construction of an ideal society. Modern science, without the meaning of its activity, turns into one of the service institutions. And as part of the superstructure of society, it dulls and disorganizes society. The superstructure, according to Marx, “growsˮ out of concrete material relations and influences them, justifying and supporting. Is it possible to have a holistic objective view of human development now? How can social progress and science be measured and guided? The author proposes the doctrine of a holistic approach to nature and society instead of the development of “priority sectors”. Since science as a social institution is a part of society, the focus on the formation of a better society will lead to an increase in the effectiveness of science.
Food Contribution of the Rostov Region to the Great Victory
Authors: Zhevalov Sergey A.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of supplies of agricultural products of the Rostov region during the Great Patriotic war. The materials contained in the funds of the Russian state archive of Economics, which are first introduced into scientific circulation, formed the basis of this article. From documentary archival data, the total number of agricultural products of the Rostov region delivered to the state in 1941-1945 is determined. The author shows the dynamics of procurement of these food products. The relevance of the article is due to the constantly reviving discussions about the importance of the contribution to the Great Victory of domestic agricultural supplies. The author comes to the conclusion that the collective-state farm system of farming in rural areas managed to provide the Red Army and the Soviet people with the necessary amount of bread, potatoes, vegetables, meat, milk, eggs, etc.
Socio-Political Miscalculations of the Government and the Transformation of the “Sendero Luminoso” Strategy as the Main Factors of the Escalation of Tension in Peru in the Early 2000s
Authors: Magomedov Robert M.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of aggravation of the internal political situation in Peru in the early 2000s. During the research the author conducted in-depth analysis and review papers, presented in mono-graphs, statistical studies, materials, media and periodicals, in which they touched upon the domestic policy of the government of Peru, and the activity of rebel forces in the early 21st century. Considerable attention is paid to the issue of the failure of the social and economic policy of the Peruvian government, after the defeat of the left-wing organization “Sendero Luminosoˮ in 1992, as one of the main reasons for the aggravation of the internal political situation in the early 2000s. The author analyzes the structural changes that took place both in the “Sendero Luminosoˮ organization itself and in its tactics and strategy. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the importance of social programs inspired either by the state itself or by the efforts of international organizations in preventing social problems from escalating into a state of bloody internal political conflict.
Factor of Violence in Political and Socio-Cultural Communication in the North-Eastern Caucasus in the Late 18th - Early 19th Century
Authors: Markova Daria K.
Published: February 2021

The problem of the use of violence as an argument in communication in the North-East Caucasus before the start of Russian policy activation is considered. An assessment of the mountaineers' raiding practice to adjacent territories is given. That had the most painful effect on the situation in Georgia, which even had to buy off enemy invasions, which had acquired a regular, seasonal character. The influence of this factor on the specifics of Russian-North Caucasian relations is being clarified. After Russian settlements began to appear in the region, the vector of the mountain invasion moved from the south to the north. This could not but cause a response, a very harsh reaction from the empire. The question about the role of hunting trips in the socialization of mountain youthis raised. The circumstances of the use of raids to reduce social contradictions within local societies, their role in the selection of the nobility are examined. One of the consequences of such steps will be the spread of the slave trade. It is suggested that the ideology formed as a result of these actions will become the foundation for the teaching of Muridism in the future. An attempt of the Russian Empire to force the mountaineers to abandon such actions will cause a hostile reaction and result in fierce resistance.
Chronic sensorineural hearing impairment in the morbidity structure of the adult population of the Samara region
Authors:   Samara State Medical University,  Samara, 443079, Russia, Vladimirova T. Yu. , Baryshevskaya L. A. ,   Samara State Medical University,  Samara, 443079, Russia, Martynova A. B. ,   Samara State Medical University,  Samara, 443079, Russia
Published: February 2021

The article presents the materials of a retrospective analysis of the structure of diseases in the class of «ear and mastoid diseases» (according to the code ICD-10 H60-H95) in the adult population of the Samara region (SR) for the period from 2016 to 2019. The incidence and prevalence of chronic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (code ICD-10 H90.3), mixed form of hearing loss (code ICD-10 H90.6) and conductive hearing loss (code ICD-10 H90.0) are considered. The dynamics of the adult population in the SR generally repeats the trend characteristic of the Volga Federal District in terms of an increase in the proportion of people over working age. Despite the natural decline in the region’s population in recent years, there has been an increase in the proportion of people over working age, which amounted to 10.,01%. The changes were reflected in the prevalence in the class of «ear and mastoid diseases»: in persons of the older age group, the indicator increased by 7,12%, in persons of working age by 0,61%. In the adult population of the region, there is an increase in cases of hearing loss of a mixed and sound-perceiving character, with consistently low rates of conductive hearing loss. In both groups of the adult population of the Samara region in 2016–2019, an increase in the cases of SNHL and hearing loss of a mixed nature was revealed. Moreover, in persons older than working age, the number of SNHL cases during the analyzed period was on average 2,32 times higher, and the number of mixed hearing loss cases was 2.2 times higher. The data of the study must be taken into account for planning the timely detection and examination of adults with hearing loss when they turn to an otorhinolaryngologist-audiologist, as well as to general practitioners and geriatricians, which will maximize their ability to work and social activity.
3D visualization in otosurgery
Authors:   Mechnikov Northwest State Medical University,  Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia, Kuz’min D. M. , Fedotova A. A. ,   Mechnikov Northwest State Medical University,  Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia
Published: February 2021

The main priority of middle ear surgery is to create a safe and optimal view of the surgical field, as well as the most accurate visualization of anatomical structures, which is a driving factor in the evolution of otosurgery. The additional information provided by three-dimensional (3D) images has been proven to improve understanding of the temporal bone anatomy and improve the operator’s ability to assess associated diseases, thereby optimizing surgical management. In the presented experimental research work, a new technique for visualizing the surgical field is described, which improves the quality of the operator’s work and expands the possibilities of middle ear surgery. On the basis of the Chair of Otorhinolaryngology of the Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University a remote adapter for an endoscopic tube was created, which allows you to broadcast the video image received from its distal end to virtual reality glasses. For a detailed understanding of the principle of information transmission in a new three-dimensional reality, we used concepts such as disparity and stereopsis. All research results were evaluated according to the NASA Task Load Index scale. Analyzing the results of the experiment, in the conditions of three-dimensional visualization of the surgical field, a lower level of subjective workload was revealed, which was regarded as a positive effect of the realization of the phenomenon of stereopsis, when performing manipulations on the middle ear.
W poszukiwaniu odwróconego czasu awangardy. Próba odczytania fenomenu Debory Vogel w kontekście kryzysu nowoczesnego doświadczenia
Authors: Lorenc Iwona
Published: February 2021

Artykuł jest próbą rozważenia koncepcji artystycznej Debory Vogel w kontekście refleksji nad transformacjami doświadczenia późnej nowoczesności. Jedną z tych zmian, którą uważam za kluczową, jest odejście od narracyjnej linearności ku polifonicznej symultaniczności, związane z przeniesieniem akcentu z czasowych aspektów nowoczesnego doświadczenia na jego aspekty przestrzenne. Drugim kontekstem, w którym rozważam fenomen Vogel, są transformacje, które zaszły w sztuce pod wpływem awangardy – z takimi jej wiodącymi pojęciami jak symultaniczność, polifonia, zaburzenie hierarchii, brak centrum, zdarzenie, wykorzenienie, zatarcie granic między sztuką i życiem. Uważam, że pełne znaczenie wymienionych wątków staje się widoczne w sztuce neoawangardowej. Śledząc wątki sztuki neoawangardowej, wyodrębniam zmiany, które wydają się ważne z perspektywy konieczności powrotu do Vogel jako ich antycypatorki. Metoda, którą przyjmuję, zakłada szczególne rozumienie antycypacji, zgodnie z którym początek (awangarda) jest współtworzona przez jej kontynuację (neoawangardę).
„Pomiędzy izmami” – Jan Brzękowski jako krytyk i teoretyk nowej sztuki
Authors: Rejniak-Majewska Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Z końcem lat dwudziestych XX wieku w Europie nowe kierunki artystyczne wydawały się już czymś okrzepłym, częścią „awangardowej tradycji”. Wyrazem tej świadomości była m.in. książka Jeana Arpa i El Lissitzky’ego Kunstismen (1925) oraz Art. Bilan des arts modernes en France Ozenfanta (1928). Jan Brzękowski, polski poeta i krytyk, widział ten czas podobnie, jako okres „ustalania się pewnych wartości” raczej niż nowych przełomów.
W artykule śledzę poglądy Brzękowskiego dotyczące sztuk wizualnych oraz jego strategie jako rzecznika sztuki nowoczesnej, pośrednika między środowiskiem paryskim a polską awangardą, autora powiązanego z konstruktywizmem (członka grupy „a.r.”), a równocześnie z kręgami surrealistów w Paryżu. Głównym przedmiotem moich analiz jest wydawane przez Brzękowskiego pismo „Sztuka Współczesna – L’Art Contemporain” (1929–1930) i jego cykl artykułów Kilometraże, będący próbą podsumowania przemian nowej sztuki. Zdając sobie sprawę ze „zużywania się” awangardowych idei i zachowując krytycyzm wobec „kultu nowości”, Brzękowski bronił awangardowych pozycji w oparciu o ideę formalnego rygoru i twórczej „budowy”. Zgodnie z modernistycznym światopoglądem odrzucał mimetyczną koncepcję sztuki i opowiadał się za formą abstrakcyjną; zaznaczał jednak, że powinna być ona „zakotwiczona o dno życia” – w oryginalny sposób podkreślał dialektyczne napięcie między abstrakcją i figuracją.
Are treasury debt instruments still attractive to foreign investors? Poland – a case study based on ATM and ATR indicators
Authors: Uryszek Tomasz , Kłysik-Uryszek Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

The article’s primary goal is to investigate foreign investors’ activity on the Polish primary debt instruments market in light of the public debt management strategy. We wanted to check the scale of investors’ response to the authorities’ policy in the sovereign debt area. The article consists of five parts. We started with the introduction, followed by a literature review. We then described the research method and data, as well as the empirical discussion.We based our study mostly on the average time to maturity (ATM) and average time to refixing (ATR) indexes. The most important findings, concluding remarks, and policy implications are presented in the last part of the paper. The study’s general outcomes show that despite the deterioration of the State Treasury debt instruments’ overall characteristics targeted to foreign investors, Polish sovereign debt papers remained attractive to buy. It was mostly due to the still relatively low refinancing and interest rate risks for debt denominated in foreign currencies.
The Growing Importance of the Financial Sector in the Founding Countries of the European Union
Authors: Florczak Tomasz
Published: February 2021

The economies of the 21st century countries operate on the principle of connected vessels. A significant element of changes in economies is the growth of the financial sector. The process of financial sector growth is often referred as financialization. The significant impact of this sector on economic development was shown during the financial crisis of 2008. Financialization is more visible in highly developed countries. Undoubtedly the founding countries of the European Union belong to highly developed countries. It is possible that the financialization is higher in bigger countries like France, Germany, Italy or United Kingdom, which can also have bigger financial sectors. From the other side there is also country, which economy is based on banks. The aim of the article is to indicate the growth of the financial sector in the founding countries of the European Union. To determine the growth of the financial sector, the author used the indicators appearing in the literature of subject. There are indicators relating to functioning of the economy and banking sector. The second method helps to determine in which country financialization is higher. To made the research there was used zero unitarization method. The results of the study allows to determine in which of the subjects the financial sector is at a higher level of development. It is possible, that during researched period there were changes in financializiation of researched countries.
State Policy of Consumer Protection in the Digital Financial Services Market in Ukraine
Authors: Lobozynska Sophia , Skomorovych Iryna , Vladychyn Ulyana
Published: February 2021

The rapid development of digital financial technologies in Ukraine leads to the emergence of new risks and to significant consumers’ losses in the financial market. The aim of the study is to develop strategic directions of state policy of consumer protection in the digital financial services market considering the best world practices and features of the financial system of Ukraine.System scientific analysis was used to study the possibilities of implementing international quality standards for digital financial services in Ukrainian legislation. The method of statistical analysis of data was used to form the imperial basis of the study.Based on the global experience and taking into account the peculiarities of Ukrainian fintech market the state policy should consist of three strategic directions: 1) create a system of legal regulation of the mechanism of protection of consumers’ rights of digital financial services; 2)introducing a risk-oriented approach to regulating the digital financial services delivery processto consumers; 3) strengthening of digital financial literacy and public awareness. Such state policy will form a reliable system of consumer protection in the digital services market in Ukraine.
Wpływ raportowania danych niefinansowych na zmniejszenie luki wartości
Authors: Elmgasbi Alladyn
Published: February 2021

Różnice w postrzeganiu wartości od lat stanowią źródło konfliktu pomiędzy kierownictwem przedsiębiorstwa a inwestorami. Przyczyn rozbieżności upatrywano w danych pozafinansowych. Choć zagadnienie raportowania danych niefinansowych jest szeroko poruszanym tematem w literaturze przedmiotu, to początkowo nie istniały żadne wytyczne określające jak, i w jaki sposób te dane powinny być raportowane. Ponadto, publikacja tych danych miała jedynie na celu budowanie zaufania i tworzenie pozytywnego wizerunku. W niniejszym artykule przeanalizowano wpływ raportowania danych niefinansowych dotyczących ochrony środowiska na wartość przedsiębiorstwa. Za miernik wartości przedsiębiorstwa przyjęto wartość kapitalizacji rynkowej.
Dyrektywa o kredycie konsumenckim - uwagi de lege ferenda
Authors: Gałązka Piotr
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest omówienie Dyrektywy o kredycie konsumenckim oraz dokonanie oceny najważniejszych postulatów zmian w przepisach Dyrektywy w sytuacji dynamicznych zmian na rynku kredytów detalicznych. Podstawę rozważań artykułu stanowią uwagi i opinie przedstawicieli doktryny, zestawione z postulatami organizacji konsumenckich, nadzorców, a także analizami prowadzonymi przez Komisję Europejską jako instytucji wyposażonej w prawo inicjatywy ustawodawczej w UE.
Ocena zmian dochodów oraz wydatków polskich gospodarstw domowych w latach 2008–2018
Authors: Socha Paweł , Szynkaruk Paulina
Published: February 2021

W ostatnich latach sytuacja gospodarcza w Polsce podlegała dynamicznym zmianom. Zmiany te oddziaływały na poziom życia Polaków poprzez wpływ na ich sytuację finansową. Artykuł przedstawia oraz analizuje charakterystykę zmian w strukturze budżetów gospodarstw domowych w latach 2008–2018. Omówione zostały zagadnienia, takie jak poziom dochodów i wydatków, struktura wydatków, tendencja oraz dynamika zmian z uwzględnieniem czynników demograficznych i ekonomicznych. Oprócz przeanalizowania danych dotyczących struktury budżetów gospodarstw domowych, zidentyfikowane zostały również przyczyny odpowiadające za takie, a nie inne kierunki zmian.