bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical Study and Corresponding Evolution of Plasmaspheric Plumes under Different Levels of Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Li Haimeng , Fu Tongxing , Tang Rongxin , Yuan Zhigang , Ouyang Zhihai , Deng Xiaohua
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Using observations of Van Allen Probes, we present a statistical study of plasmaspheric plumes in the inner magnetosphere. Plasmaspheric plumes tend to occur during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms. Furthermore, the results imply that the occurrence rate of observed plasmaspheric plume in the inner magnetosphere is larger during stronger geomagnetic activity. This statistical result is different from the observations of the Cluster satellite with much higher L-shells in most orbital period, which suggest that the plasmaspheric plume near the magnetopause tends to be observed during moderate geomagnetic activity (Lee et al., 2016). In the following, the dynamic evolutions of plasmaspheric plumes during a moderate geomagnetic storm in February 2013 and a strong geomagnetic storm in May 2013 are simulated through group test particle simulation. It is obvious that the plasmaspheric particles drift out on open convection paths due to sunward convection during both geomagnetic storms. It seems that the outer plasmaspheric particles exhaust sooner and the plasmasphere shrinks faster during strong geomagnetic storms. As a result, the longitudinal width of the plume is narrower and the plume is limited to lower L-shells during the recovery phase of strong geomagnetic storm. The simulated evolution may provide a possible interpretation for the occurrence rates: Van Allen Probes tend to observe plumes during stronger geomagnetic storms, and the Cluster satellite with higher L-shells tends to observe plumes during moderate geomagnetic storms.
Observed and forecasted global warming pressure on coastal hypoxia
Authors: Whitney Michael M.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Coastal hypoxia is a major environmental problem of increasing severity. A global 40-year observational gridded climate data record and 21st century forecasts from the Community Earth System Model under RCP 8.5 forcing are analyzed for long-term linear trends with a focus on warming-related pressures on coastal oxygen conditions. The forecasted median trends along the global coast are 0.32 °C, −1.6 mmol m−3, and −1.2 mmol m−3 per decade for sea-surface temperature (SST), surface oxygen capacity, and vertical-minimum oxygen concentration, respectively. These trends point to more rapid deterioration in coastal conditions than experienced over the last four decades; the forecasted median coastal trends for SST and oxygen capacity are 48 % and 18 % faster than the corresponding observed rates. Median rates for the coast and documented hypoxic areas are higher than in the global ocean. Warming and oxygen declines tend to be fastest at high latitudes, one region where new hypoxic areas may emerge as oxygen conditions deteriorate. Over 19 % of the coast has extremely rapid forecasted change upwards of 0.60 °C per decade warming and −3.0 mmol m−3 per decade oxygen change. There is considerable pressure on current hypoxic areas since future oxygen declines of any magnitude will make hypoxia more severe. The coastal forecasts can inform coastal environmental management strategies to protect future water quality and ecosystem services.
Biological Nitrogen Fixation in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Davies-Barnard Taraka , Zaehle Sönke , Friedlingstein Pierre
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Biological nitrogen fixation is the main source of new nitrogen into natural terrestrial ecosystems and consequently in the nitrogen cycle in many earth system models. Representation of biological nitrogen fixation varies, and because of the tight coupling between the carbon and nitrogen cycles, previous studies have shown this affects net primary productivity. Here we present the first assessment of the performance of biological nitrogen fixation in models contributing to CMIP6 compared to observed and observation-constrained estimates of biological nitrogen fixation. We find that 9/10 models represent global total biological nitrogen fixation within the uncertainty of recent global estimates. However, 6/10 models overestimate the amount of fixation in the tropics, and therefore the extent of the latitudinal gradient in the global distribution. For the SSP3-7.0 scenario of future climate change, models project increases in fixation over the 21st century of up to 80 %. However, while the historical range of biological nitrogen fixation amongst models is large (up to 140 kg ha−1 yr−1 at the grid cell level and 43–208 TgN yr−1 globally) this does not have explanatory power for variations in net primary productivity or the coupled nitrogen-carbon cycle. Models with shared structures can have significant variations in both biological nitrogen fixation and other parts of the nitrogen cycle without differing in their net primary productivity. This points to systematic challenges in carbon-nitrogen model structures.
Observations of marine cold-air outbreaks: A comprehensive data set of airborne and dropsonde measurements from the Springtime Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (STABLE)
Authors: Michaelis Janosch , Schmitt Amelie U. , Lüpkes Christof , Hartmann Jörg , Birnbaum Gerit , Vihma Timo
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In March 2013, the Springtime Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (STABLE) was carried out in the region of Fram Strait and over Svalbard to investigate atmospheric convection and boundary layer modifications due to interactions between sea ice, atmosphere, and open water. A major goal was the observation of marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs), which are typically characterised by a transport of very cold air masses from the ice-covered ocean over a relatively warm water surface, and which often affect local and regional weather conditions. During STABLE, such MCAOs were observed on four days within a period of a strongly northward shifted sea ice edge north of Svalbard and thus with an unusually large Whaler's Bay Polynya. The observations mainly consisted of in situ measurements from airborne instruments and of measurements by dropsondes. Here, we present the corresponding data set from, in total, 15 aircraft vertical profiles and 22 dropsonde releases. Besides an overview on flight patterns and instrumentation, we provide a detailed presentation of the individual quality-processing mechanisms, which ensure that the data can be used, for example, for model validation. A few remarks are also given on data quality and on some characteristics of the MCAOs based on the quality-processed data. All 37 data series are published in the World Data Center PANGAEA (Lüpkes et al., 2021a, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.936635).
Patos Lagoon Estuary and Adjacent Marine Coastal Biodiversity Long-term data
Authors: Lemos Valéria M. , Lanari Marianna , Copertino Margareth , Secchi Eduardo R. , de Abreu Paulo Cesar O. V. , Muelbert José H. , Garcia Alexandre M. , Dumont Felipe C. , Muxagata Erik , Vieira João P. , Colling André , Odebrecht Clarisse
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Estuaries are among the most productive aquatic ecosystems and provide important ecological and economic services in coastal areas. However, estuarine systems have been threatened worldwide by natural and anthropogenic impacts acting on local, regional and global scales. Long-term ecological studies contribute to the understanding and management of estuarine functioning, and provide the baseline information for detection changes and modeling of predictive scenarios. Here, we describe long-term data on the biodiversity and physico-chemical parameters obtained from 1993 to 2016 for the Patos Lagoon estuary and adjacent marine coast, in southern Brazil. We report eight datasets containing 6,972 sampling events with the occurrence and abundance records of 275 species (Kingdoms: Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae and Animalia) of functional groups plankton, benthos and nekton. Datasets also include 22,190 abiotic records. Database is published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) repository (see Data availability in Sect 3). The present compendium represents one of the most comprehensive and longest datasets from primary producers to top predators in an estuarine-coastal system in South America and their availability will be an important contribution to the understanding and predictability of estuarine dynamics around the world.
Technical note: Quantifying Uranium-series disequilibrium in natural samples for dosimetric dating – Part 1: gamma spectrometry
Authors: Mauz Barbara , Nolan Paul J. , Appleby Peter G.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Dosimetric dating techniques rely on accurate and precise determination of environmental radioactivity. Gamma spectrometry is the method of choice for determining the activity of 238U, 232Th and 40K. With the aim to standardise gamma-spectrometric procedures for the purpose of determining accurate parent nuclide activities in natural samples, we outline here basics of gamma spectrometry and practical laboratory procedures. This includes gamma radiation and instrumentation, sample preparation, finding the suitable measurement geometry and sample size for a given detector and using the most suitable energy peaks in a gamma spectrum. The issue of correct efficiency calibration is highlighted. The procedures outlined are required for estimating contemporary parent nuclide activity. For estimating changing activities during burial specific data analyses are required and these are also highlighted.
Representing Low-Intensity Fire Sensible Heat Output in a Mesoscale Atmospheric Model with a Canopy Submodel: A Case Study with ARPS-CANOPY (version 5.2.12)
Authors: Kiefer Michael T. , Heilman Warren E. , Zhong Shiyuan , Charney Joseph J. , Bian Xindi , Skowronski Nicholas S. , Clark Kenneth L. , Gallagher Michael R. , Hom John L. , Patterson Matthew
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Mesoscale models are a class of atmospheric numerical model designed to simulate atmospheric phenomena with horizontal scales of about 2–200 km, although they are also applied to microscale phenomena, with horizontal scales less than about 2 km. Mesoscale models are capable of simulating wildland fire impacts on atmospheric flows if combustion by-products (e.g., heat, smoke) are properly represented in the model. One of the primary challenges encountered in applying a mesoscale model to studies of fire-perturbed flows is the representation of the fire sensible heat source in the model. Two primary methods have been implemented previously: turbulent sensible heat flux, either in the form of an exponentially-decaying vertical heat flux profile or surface heat flux; and soil temperature perturbation. In this study, the ARPS-CANOPY model, a version of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model with a canopy submodel, is utilized to simulate the turbulent atmosphere during a low-intensity operational prescribed fire in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. The study takes place in two phases: model assessment and model sensitivity. In the model assessment phase, analysis is limited to a single control simulation in which the fire sensible heat source is represented as an exponentially-decaying vertical profile of turbulent sensible heat flux. In the model sensitivity phase, a series of simulations are conducted to explore the sensitivity of model-observation agreement to (i) the method used to represent the fire sensible heat source in the model and (ii) parameters controlling the magnitude and vertical distribution of the sensible heat source. In both phases, momentum and scalar fields are compared between the model simulations and data obtained from six flux towers located within and adjacent to the burn unit. The multi-dimensional model assessment confirms that the model reproduces the background and fire-perturbed atmosphere as depicted by the tower observations, although the model underestimates the turbulent kinetic energy at the top of the canopy at several towers. The model sensitivity tests reveal that the best agreement with observations occurs when the fire sensible heat source is represented as a turbulent sensible heat flux profile, with surface heat flux magnitude corresponding to the peak 1-min mean observed heat flux averaged across the flux towers, and an e-folding extinction depth corresponding to the average canopy height in the burn unit. The study findings provide useful guidance for improving the representation of the sensible heat released from low-intensity prescribed fires in mesoscale models.
A socio-hydrologic framework for understanding conflict and cooperation in transboundary rivers
Authors: Wei Yongping , Wei Jing , Li Gen , Wu Shuanglei , Yu David , Tian Fuqiang , Sivapalan Murugesu
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Increasing hydrologic variability, accelerating population growth, and resurgence of water resources development projects have all indicated increasing tensions among the riparian countries of transboundary rivers. This article aims to review the existing knowledge on conflict and cooperation in transboundary rivers from a multidisciplinary perspective and propose a socio-hydrological framework that integrates the slow and less visible societal processes with existing hydrological-economic models, revealing the hidden feedbacks between changes in societal processes and hydrological changes. This framework contributes to understanding the mechanism that drives conflict and cooperation in transboundary river management.
Utilisation of probabilistic MT inversions to constrain magnetic data inversion: proof-of-concept and field application
Authors: Giraud Jeremie , Seillé Hoël , Lindsay Mark D. , Visser Gerhard , Ogarko Vitaliy , Jessell Mark W.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We propose, test and apply a methodology integrating 1D magnetotelluric (MT) and magnetic data inversion, with a focus on the characterization of the cover-basement interface. It consists of a cooperative inversion workflow relying on standalone inversion codes. Probabilistic information about the presence of rock units is derived from MT and passed on to magnetic inversion through constraints combining such structural constraints with petrophysical prior information. First, we perform the 1D probabilistic inversion of MT data for all sites and recover the respective probabilities of observing the cover-basement interface, which we interpolate to the rest of the study area. We then calculate the probabilities of observing the different rock units and partition the model into domains defined by combinations of rock units with non-zero probabilities. Third, we combine such domains with petrophysical information to apply spatially-varying, disjoint interval bound constraints to least-squares magnetic data inversion. We demonstrate the proof-of-concept using a realistic synthetic model reproducing features from the Mansfield area (Victoria, Australia) using a series of uncertainty indicators. We then apply the workflow to field data from the prospective mining region of Cloncurry (Queensland, Australia). Results indicate that our integration methodology efficiently leverages the complementarity between separate MT and magnetic data modelling approaches and can improve our capability to image the cover-basement interface. In the field application case, our findings also suggest that the proposed workflow may be useful to refine existing geological interpretations and to infer lateral variations within the basement.
Snow cover prediction in the Italian Central Apennines using weather forecast and snowpack numerical models
Authors: Raparelli Edoardo , Tuccella Paolo , Colaiuda Valentina , Marzano Frank Silvio
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Italy is a territory characterized by complex topography with the Apennines mountain range crossing the entire peninsula with its highest peaks in central Italy. Using the latter as area of interest and the winter season during 2018–2019, the goal of this study is to investigate the ability of snow cover models to reproduce the observed snow height, using forecast weather data as meteorological forcing. We here consider two well-known ground surface and soil models: i) Noah LSM, a single-layer Eulerian model; ii) Alpine3D, a multi-layer Lagrangian model. We adopt the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to produce the meteorological data to drive both Noah LSM and Alpine3D at regional scale with a spatial resolution of 3 km. While Noah LSM is already online coupled with the WRF model, we develop here a dedicated offline coupling between WRF and Alpine3D LSM. We validate the WRF simulations of surface meteorological variables in central Italy using a dense network of automatic weather stations, obtaining correlation coefficients of 0.84, 0.58, 0.4, 0.77 and 0.66 for air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, incoming shortwave radiation and daily precipitation, respectively. The performances of both WRF-Noah and WRF-Alpine3D, are evaluated by comparing simulated and measured snow heights, provided by a quality-controlled network of snow stations located in Central Apennines. We find that WRF-Noah and WRF-Alpine3D models present similar correlation coefficients equal to 0.77 and 0.71, respectively, but the WRF-Alpine3D model produces a lower bias (about 2.2 cm) compared to the WRF-Noah model (about −8.0 cm) in the snow height estimation. For the estimation of daily snow height variation WRF-Noah and WRF-Alpine3D present similar results with correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.71, respectively, but again WRF-Alpine3D showed a bias lower than WRF-Noah, about 0.09 cm and −0.22 cm respectively. The WRF-Noah model is slightly better than WRF-Alpine3D to reproduce the snow cover area observed with respect to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with the Jaccard spatial correlation index of 0.38 and 0.36 (optimal value equal 1), respectively, and Average Symmetric Surface Distance (ASSD) of 2.0 and 2.2 (optimal value equal 0), respectively, even though both models tend to overestimate it. We finally show that snow settlement rate in WRF-Alpine3D is mainly driven by densification, whereas in WRF-Noah there is also an important contribution of snow melting especially at high elevation. As a general conclusion, the snow cover extension and height in central Italy at moderate spatial resolution (3 km) are well reproduced by both WRF-Noah and WRF-Alpine3D, but with the latter exhibiting a lower bias likely due to its multi-layer more sophisticated numerical scheme.
STRENGTH AND JUMPING ASYMMETRIES IN GYMNAST AND THEIR NON-GYMNAST PEERS
Authors: Čeklić Urška , Šarabon Nejc
Published: November 2021

While many studies investigated inter-limb asymmetries (ILAs) in different athletes, little is known about ILAs in the population of gymnasts. The first aim of our study was to compare differences between gymnasts and their non-gymnast peers in isometric knee maximal and rapid strength parameters (peak torque - PT and rate of torque development - RTD) and countermovement jump (CMJ) parameters (height, maximal force), as well as in ILAs in all outcome measures. The second aim of the study was to assess the relationship between ILA of maximal force and the ILAs of the isometric knee strength parameters. 15 gymnasts (aged 11.19 ± 1.89 years) and 15 non-gymnasts (aged 10.92 ± 1.96 years) performed unilateral isometric maximal voluntary contractions of the knee flexors and extensors on a dynamometer and CMJ on a force plate. ILAs were calculated and compared between groups across all outcome measures. We found that gymnasts reached statistically significant better results than non-gymnasts in most isometric knee strength parameters and CMJ height, but not on RTD of left knee flexion and maximal force in the CMJ. Meanwhile, we did not find significant differences between groups in ILAs. Linear regression showed no correlations between the ILAs measures separately for the groups. Even though we did not find any differences between the groups in the ILAs, we should be aware of it to prevent injury in young girls.
Impacts of Sea Food Safety Standards and Common Language on Pakistan’s Sea Food Exports to European Union
Authors: Anila Sultana, Dr. Rizwana Jabeen, Qaiser Sharif
Published: November 2021

The study intends to see how food safety regulations introduced by the European Union affect Pakistani seafood exports to the EU. For the analysis time trend data of related variables has been taken into account from 1999-2017. The Gravity Model results indicate that imposition of food safety regulation deteriorates trade and sharing of common language (English) has a positive yet significant impact on seafood exports of Pakistan. The study provides imperative insights for policy makers to devise appropriate policies regarding enhancement of export potential of Pakistan.
Dilemma of National Narrative The Case for Building Domestic and Regional Narratives for CPEC
Authors: Dr. Uzma Siraj , Dr. Faisal Javaid
Published: November 2021

Building a national narrative on CPEC is appearing to be a daunting task for the government of Pakistan. Such a dilemma does not characterize Pakistan alone, but troubling policy issue peculiar to the BRI project as a whole. The Chinese-led mega projects have preyed on rival narratives since its initiation in 2013. Since the region is characterized by regional rivalries and interests of the major powers, it is plausible that such an ambitious project like BRI in general and particularly CPEC will continue to face the dilemma of narratives. To place the discussion in perspective, the paper is sectionalized into three parts. The first part theorizes narratives, it why, by who, for what, and whom. With the theoretical premise, the second part argues that Pakistan needs to strategize its CPEC narratives on two levels. Domestically, it requires a very cautious approach to define the national or state narrative. In the presence of multiple sub-nationalities, at the provincial level and relatively weaker broader national sentiment, it is crucial to develop a consensus with caution. At the external level, a regional narrative might be built with the help of like-minded states and by employing a strategy to bring most of the regional powers into the project of CPEC. The paper concludes that building narratives requires a joint effort by the ruling elite (political and intellectual), civil society, and media at the domestic level and also imperative for Pakistan to adopt a counter-narrative strategy through diplomatic channels, to generate mutually acceptable trans-regional counter-narratives against the propagandist agenda, bent at tarnishing CPEC.
Analyzing Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan and Turkey (2002-2018
Authors: Usman Khan,  Dr. Jamal Shah,  Dr. Bakhtiar Khan
Published: November 2021

Pakistan and Turkey have shared many commonalties in their patterns of civil-military relationship till 2002. In the post-independent Pakistan and post-republican Turkey, the civil-military relations have often remained imbalanced. The military of both the republics have remained entrenched in the respective states politics and have exercised a hegemonic role in the internal and external politics of the republics. However, after 2002, Turkey has experienced a different trajectory of civil-military relationship while Pakistan is still passing through the same pattern of imbalanced civil-military interaction. This paper sheds light on these different patterns by comparing the trajectories of civil-military relationship of the two states. It demonstrates that Turkey has been successful in the application of democratic control over her armed forces in recent years while Pakistan besides having shared a similar pattern of civil-military relationship with Turkey (till 2002) is lagging behind in the commencement of democratic control over military. The paper shows that Justice and Development Party’ performance (AKP), European Union (EU) criteria, lesser internal and external threats, Erdogan’s charisma, continuity in political processes, and factionalism inside the army have been the factors which have contributed to the civilian supremacy in Turkey.
Religionin the Information Society (Sociological Etude)
Authors: Berdzenishvili Amiran , Ketsbaia Kakha
Published: November 2021

The main central questions asked in the article are the following: Is the role of religion belittled in the contemporary information society? If culture turned into mass-culture, is it possible that the same fate awaits religion? If it is so and religion will lose its significance for and influence on society, then what final result will this process bring? Are we moving towards an areligious society? But if the processes go vice-versa,they can evoke an opposite reaction and traditional religions will fill with fresh energy and begin a full-blooded life. According to the authors of the article, an information space is simply a superficial cover of man’s spiritual life. That is why a virtual cyber-church will never replace a real temple. It is a parody and simulation of a real church. And the day will come when man escapes from the slavery of this simulation and virtual reality and will return to the eternal truth and genuine religious faith. It seems that man enfeebled by the illusion of pseudo-religion and pseudo faith has a serious exam to pass.It can be easily seen that pseudo-religion which is constructed in the artificial virtual space has no future and that any experiments in this sphere are, from the very beginning doomed to failure. Religious life means a live communication with the transcendent and it is lost in the case of virtualization. The internet can be a fine means for spreading the word of God, but it (Internet) has its own rules of speech that are not relevant for the language of the divine service. We think that a digital expression of religion is absurd and nothing more.
Competencias de Redacción en Estudiantes de Derecho de una Universidad Pública Peruana
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Ucayali, Alca Robles Wuilber Jorge , Chávez Epiquén Abdías , Bollet Ramírez Frank
Published: November 2021

The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between scientific writing competencies and legal argumentation in students of the eighth and ninth cycle and law graduates of the National University of San Martin in the year 2019 - 2020. We worked with a sample of 84 students from the ninth to the tenth cycle of the law career at the National University of San Martin; the data were obtained with the observation technique using the direct, valid and reliable observation guide. The study has a descriptive-level scope of cross-sectional correlational design. The scientific method, statistical method and inductive deductive method were applied, proceeding to observe the performance of the students for each variable. Spearman's rho coefficient was used for correlation, with the data of which the hypothesis test was performed. The conclusions were that there is no direct and significant relationship between scientific writing and legal argumentation rho 0.195 of rho de Spearman at 0.05 of significance.
Sistema de información geográfica para el registro de actos delictivos como soporte de las comisarías usando el API de ArcGis
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Ucayali, Jiménez Paz Pablo Alejandro , Rodríguez Zevallos Katherin Vanessa , Escobedo Bailón Frank Edmundo
Published: November 2021

Citizen insecurity is one of the biggest problems in the world, in search of a solution to address this problem, we found that a GIS is a tool worth evaluating for a possible solution. As an objective of this study, we seek to evaluate the feasibility of using a GIS to record criminal acts supported by police stations, for the development of this project we propose SCRUM as a development framework and for the methodology of data collection we will take articles, theses, newspapers and external statistics. Throughout some research, we will be able to make different comparisons about elements for our software, this goes from the effectiveness of using it to improve citizen security, the different perspectives that similar software can take (real time population, time period population, state entities), to the best way to get a better cost benefit for the development by evaluating the differences between the software. Finally, we were able to conclude that there is a high degree of effectiveness on the part of the GIS, in addition to the fact that it makes possible new methods of prevention for the improvement of citizen security.
Sistema de información para la gestión de los servicios de transporte utilizando la arquitectura REST en Lima-Perú
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Ucayali, Bautista Vilchez Hillary Karin , Castillo Camizán Esteban Fernando , Escobedo Bailón Frank Edmundo
Published: November 2021

The transportation services help people to move and move goods from one place to another, either for commercial reasons or to move house. In Peru, due to COVID 19, the government established measures to lessen the consequences of the virus, which left a large group of people without work, which affected the transportation sector whose service is mostly performed in a traditional way "not digitized or systematized", thus the different businesses or items were undergoing a forced technological transformation in order to continue surviving in the market. The main objective is to analyze the feasibility of developing an information system using REST architecture.for transportation services in Lima - Peru, taking into account that it is mainly applied to the movement of people and goods. During the course, the freight forwarding market, the quality management of the transport service, which has different stages and each of these has its own difficulties for both the customer and for those who perform the service, so for the development of the information system the business model must be taken into account, that is to cover one or more stages, on the other hand, the influence of information and communication technologies (TICs) in this sector is studied. Likewise, a comparison of the methodologies for software development is sought.
Analysis of gravity anomaly and seismicity in Bali region
Authors: Tobing Alfha Abrianto L. , Sukarasa I Ketut , Yusuf Mahmud
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the value of the gravity anomaly in the Bali region, identify the fault structure in the Bali region using gravity interpretation and analyze the relationship between gravity anomaly and seismicity in the Bali region. The data used is secondary data, namely satellite gravity anomaly data obtained from the topex website and earthquake data obtained from the Indonesian Agency for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysics (BMKG) catalog. Data processing in this study was done using gravity and Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) methods. We used Surfer15 software, Oasis Montaj, and the Generic Mapping Tool (GMT). The results of the complete Bouguer anomaly map show the anomalous value of the study area between 10-220 mGal, regional anomaly 40-190 mGal, and the residual anomaly between (-120)-60 mGal. Judging from the SVD contour map that has included earthquake data in the Bali region for the 2008-2020 period, the type of fault in the Seririt Fault, Tejakula Fault, and Fault around Mount Agung is a thrust fault. Judging from the value of the coefficient of determination, it shows that 99% of the seismicity value is influenced by gravity anomaly. The higher the value of the gravity anomaly, the higher the seismicity value.
On Readability
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: November 2021

Readability is the ease with which a reader can understand a written text. – Wikipedia Readability is obviously important for any kind of scholarly communication, from writing papers to blog posts.
Natural Preservatives
Authors: KULAKSIZ PİŞKİN Büşra , SEYHAN Gülsün Vildan
Published: November 2021

Preservatives are used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food and industrial products to prevent deterioration of the product and to prolong its use. Preservatives are classified into two groups as natural and synthetic according to their source. However, the interest in natural preservatives has increased due to the negative effects of synthetic preservatives on health and the increasing concerns about their safety. Plants have been used in many fields such as medicine, food, perfume and cosmetics since ancient times, and they are important as natural preservatives. There are studies in which the antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal effects of essential oils, extracts prepared from herbal drugs with various solvents, and herbal active substances purified and isolated from these extracts are investigated and significant results are revealed. For this reason, it is thought that they can be used as preservatives in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food industries due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. In this study, plants, drugs, and herbal active substances that are used or can be used as preservatives of herbal origin with regards to their antimicrobial effects were examined.
Etnografía de una organización de estudiantes indígenas en la amazonía peruana: las ambivalencias de la protesta
Authors: Buu-Sao Doris
Published: November 2021

La etnografía de una organización estudiantil indígena con sede en Iquitos, la ciudad más grande de la Amazonía peruana, permite examinar la experiencia de sus líderes. Sobre la base de las habilidades adquiridas a través del contacto con las escuelas y las organizaciones activistas, estos nuevos líderes se afirman a través de movilizaciones cada vez más visibles. El proceso de politización a través del cual los estudiantes aprenden a exigir sus derechos a causa de una identidad indígena se examina desde el punto de vista de su lugar en espacios urbanos de activismo. Es en tales espacios donde se desarrollan las definiciones de liderazgo indígena. Estos entran en conflicto con otras organizaciones más tradicionales y contribuyen a las tensiones internas dentro del "movimiento de los pueblos indígenas". Las redes de mediación en las que participan los estudiantes indígenas, redes que sirven como conductos para los mensajes que las autoridades locales, los activistas ecológicos y las compañías petroleras desean transmitir a las comunidades indígenas, subrayan la ambivalencia de este movimiento de protesta.

The ethnography of an indigenous student organization based in Iquitos, the largest town in Peruvian Amazonia, allows one to examine the experience ofi ts leaders. On the basis of skills acquired through contact with schools and activist organizations, these new leaders are asserting themselves via ever more visible mobilizations. The process of politicization through which students learn to demand their rights on account of an indigenous identity is examined from the point of view of their place in urban spaces of activism. It is in such spaces that definitions of indigenous leadership are developed. These come into conflict with other, more traditional, organizations and contribute to internal tensions within the “indigenous people’s movement.” The networks of mediation in which indigenous students participate —networks that serve as conduits for the messages that local authorities, ecological activists, and oil companies wish to pass on to indigenous communities— underscore the ambivalence of this protest movement.
Apoyo al sistema político y tolerancia política en el período gubernamental 2016 - 2020 a través de la identidad étnica
Authors: Cohaila Edwin
Published: November 2021

El Perú ha atravesado, en este período gubernamental que empezó el 2016, diferentes situaciones políticas, la renuncia del presidente Kucyznski, la asunción al mando por parte de su vicepresidente Martín Vizcarra, el cierre del Congreso, la prisión preventiva de muchos actores políticos; sin embargo, se continuó con el régimen democrático, lo que podría suponer que la población mantiene un apoyo al sistema político y una tolerancia política, puesto que todo se encauzó dentro del marco constitucional. Para averiguar esta situación, se analizará la data que provee el Barómetro de las Américas (LAPOP) para los años 2016/2017 y 2018/2019 para el caso peruano, pero haciendo notar si existe alguna diferencia entre ambos periodos según la identidad étnica. El análisis manifiesta que el apoyo al sistema político se ha mantenido sin variación, mientras que la tolerancia política se ha incrementado; no obstante, al interior de la identidad étnica no todos los grupos se han mantenido bajo esa misma línea, ya que se observan diferencias significativas en especial en el grupo étnico quechua y mestizo.

Peru has gone through this governmental period that began in 2016 with different political situations, resignation of President Kucyznski, assumption of command by his vice president Martín Vizcarra, closure of Congress, preventive detention of many political actors; however, the democratic regime continued, which could suppose that the population maintains support for the political system and political tolerance, since everything was channeled within the constitutional framework. To find out this situation, the data provided by the Latin American Public Opinion Project for the years 2016/2017 and 2018/2019 will be analyzed for the Peruvian case, but noting if there is any difference between the two periods according to ethnic identity. The analysis shows that support for the political system has remained unchanged, while political tolerance has increased, although within ethnic identity not all groups have remained along the same line, since there are significant differences especially in the quechua and mestizo ethnic group.
Empresa, crisis y educación universitaria en el Perú
Authors: Canales Peña Jenny
Published: November 2021

En el actual sistema universitario, existen más de cien universidades, mayoritariamente privadas, lo cual convierte al sistema en uno empresarial. Así, el interés por obtener una porción del mercado hace que se pierda de vista la esencia de la universidad, el lugar que ocupa el docente y la vida universitaria, y reducen las expectativas académicas a unas práctico-utilitarias. Se exige al docente que capte o mantenga al estudiantado, pero no se le permite la pertenencia a un centro ni al sistema en general. La crisis evidencia una despreocupación por aspectos antropológicos; la persona no tiene un espacio en el sistema liderado por la economía.

In the actual Peruvian university system, they exist more than one hundred universities, most lf them private, which turns it into a business system. That way, the interest for obtaining a piece of the market make the essence of the university get lost of sight, as well as the place that occupy the professor and the university life, and they reduce the academical expectations to practical utilitarian. It is required that the professors keep the students, but the membership to a center nor at the general system is not allowed. The crisis shows an unconcern for anthropological aspects; the people don’t have a space in the economy ruled system.
Conviviendo en guetos
Authors: Cárdenas Macher Luis Daniel
Published: November 2021

El presente ensayo libre y de naturaleza predominantemente filosófica busca explorar la importancia de las intuiciones morales y la resignificación de los paradigmas éticos en un contexto de reclusión social como el que se impone por la pandemia a causa de la COVID-19. A través de una aproximación por el terreno de la neurociencia social y la psicología social, y con la ayuda de excursos literarios, se profundiza en la reflexión filosófica sobre los límites de la empatía y la solidaridad al considerar cómo las situaciones inhumanas desestructuran el frágil sentido de nuestra subjetividad y resitúan la posición de aquello que consideramos radicalmente otro. Con ello, se ve también una oportunidad para reorientar el sentido de nuestra identidad y de nuestra acción moral en tanto nuestro sentido de justicia, cuidado, lealtad, respeto o pureza pueden verse profundamente interpelados.

This free essay and of predominantly philosophical nature try to explore the importance of the moral intuitions and the resignification of the ethical paradigm in a context of social reclusion like the one imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through an neuroscientific social and social-psychology approach, and with the help of literary digressions, it’s deepened in the philosophical reflection about the limits of the empathy and the solidarity to consider how the inhuman situations disestablish the fragile sense of our subjectivity and relocates the position of what we consider radically other. With it, there’s also a chance to redirect the sense of our identity and our moral action insofar our sense of justice, care, loyalty, respect, or purity can be deeply apprehended.
marginalidad, la vulnerabilidad y su implicancia en los problemas sociales y estructurales de una sociedad
Authors: Roncal Zolezzi Mario Phillip
Published: November 2021

El artículo muestra la falta de capacidades del Estado para entender, analizar, planificar y resolver problemas endémicos que generan la pobreza y cómo ellos nos llevan a situaciones de marginación, vulnerabilidad e informalidad. La relación que tiene el efecto que conlleva el no actuar apropiadamente para lograr un cambio en esta situación permite que personas que son parte de nuestra sociedad no puedan lograr tomar decisiones propias sobre su destino y dependan de las políticas de apoyo que el Estado determine y que siempre son limitadas, como sus vidas y anhelos.

The article shows the lack of capacities of the State to understand, analyze, plan, and solve endemic problems that generate poverty and how they lead us to situations of marginalization, vulnerability and informality. The relationship that has the effect of not acting appropriately to achieve a change in this situation, allows people who are part of our society to not be able to make their own decisions about their destiny and depend on the support policies that the State determines and that are always limited, like their lives and desires.
Buscando voz, voto y representación
Authors: Balbuena González Laura
Published: November 2021

El camino de las mujeres por una participación política paritaria y representativa comenzó a inicios de la vida republicana y continúa hasta el día de hoy. En el presente artículo, se analizarán dos componentes importantes de la participación política femenina: el voto y su presencia en las élites políticas, específicamente en el parlamento. Esta mirada se hará desde una perspectiva interseccional que busca ver a la mujer no solo desde su condición de género, sino unida a otros elementos de opresión que, interrelacionados, le han dado a diferentes mujeres mayor o menor participación política a lo largo de la vida republicana. Por lo tanto, las diferentes etapas del acceso al voto y a la representación parlamentaria serán analizadas.
El anticomunismo peruano
Authors: Moreno Montoya Gabriel
Published: November 2021

Este artículo reflexiona sobre las dinámicas de constitución de las identidades anticomunistas en la segunda vuelta electoral del 2021 en el Perú. Pone énfasis en las formas de anudamiento del lenguaje, los afectos y el cuerpo, así como en sus efectos problemáticos para pensar acciones políticas que dejen abierta la complejidad del mundo social. Para ello, establezco, en primer término, un diálogo entre Raymond Williams y Sara Ahmed que busca rastrear las coordenadas para un vínculo entre lenguaje, afectos, cuerpo y relaciones sociales. En segundo lugar, exploro algunas narrativas que dan cuenta de las formas de sentido del anticomunismo peruano. Al final, problematizo esta particular dinámica de significación afectiva.
Tras los pasos de la ciencia en el Perú virreinal
Authors: Egoavil Jean Christian
Published: November 2021

Este ensayo contextualiza y propone algunas anotaciones de un interesante y curioso opúsculo titulado Galileo Galilei, filósofo y matemático escrito por Juan Vásquez de Acuña y publicado en Lima el año 1650. Este escrito representa un testimonio científico interesante sobre las relaciones intelectuales entre los europeos y los americanos en una época álgida de interconexiones muy estrechas entre ambos continentes y en medio de la revolución científica. Asimismo, el texto es un testimonio curioso de una comunidad de peruanos atentos a los cambios científicos y capaces de comentar, criticar y proponer otras perspectivas científicas.
Rol de la familia en la educación virtual del nivel inicial
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica Indoamerica, Mayorga Núñez Verónica Giovanna
Published: November 2021

The pandemic severely widened the education gap worldwide and particularly in Ecuador. As is known, the educational institutions of the different levels were affected, they suspended the face-to-face modality and implemented virtuality. This situation led the families to assume the role of support and control to the students in a direct way. Hence, this work analyzes the integration strategies used institutionally to promote the participation of families in virtual education at the initial level. The information was collected through a broad theoretical study, considering that it is a qualitative research of descriptive level and; It was analyzed using the Atlas ti 9.0 software. The data reveal that parents have difficulties to adequately support the education of their children or represented. It is also found that a high number of schoolchildren remain alone in their homes during the day or accompanied by older adults and even siblings, due to the fact that adults are involved in work activities. What has been described, leads to conclude that the deficient support of parents to schoolchildren in virtual education processes significantly affects their learning and consequently their comprehensive training.
CHEMOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION FOR HPLC ANALYSIS OF SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF TENOFOVIR AND EMTRICITABINE IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Thomas S , Palani Shanmugasundram ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy, Melmaruvathur- 603 319, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: November 2021

This research paper dealt with chemometric optimization for HPLC analysis of simultaneous determination of the nucleotide tenofovir (TFV) and nucleoside emtricitabine (FTC) reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human plasma. Central composite design and Derringer’s desirability function were used for optimization. The ranges of independent variables used for the optimization were MeOH concentration (A) (50- 60%), phosphate buffer molarity (B) (pH 4.0) (18-22) and flow rate (C) (0.8-.2 mL/min). The influence of this independent variable on the output responses were the capacity factor for 1st peak i.e. Tenofovir (k1), the resolution between two pairs of lamivudine (IS), emtricitabine (Rs2, 3) and the retention time of last peak i.e. emtricitabine (tR3). Using this strategy, mathematical model were defined and response surface were derived for the separation. Optimum condition chosen for assay were methanol concentration 60% v/v, phosphate buffer molarity (pH 4.0)18.35 mM and flow rate 0.8 mL/min. Plasma samples were prepared by liquid liquid extraction of the analyte and lamivudine used as internal standard. Peak area ratio of the analyte and internal standard was used for the quantification of the plasma samples. The method was fully validated for its sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, recovery and stability. The method was found to be simple and hence it could be applied in bioavailability studies.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL SUBSTITUTED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS ANTICANCER AGENTS
Authors: Jadhav S. G , Pattan S. R , Magdum S. S. , Patil S. S ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVPM’s College of Pharmacy, Malegaon - 413115, Maharashtra, India.
Published: November 2021

A new series of substituted benzimidazole derivatives was synthesis and the structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectral data. The title compounds were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against MCF - 7 and NCI-H226 cell line. Some of these compounds have shown high anticancer activity.