bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Own-Source Revenue Generation at 22 Local Councils in Sierra Leone as a Driver of Local Development
Authors:   Belt and Road School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China & Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science & Technology, Sierra Leone., Conteh Alusine Boys , Pan Qingzhong ,   Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University, China.
Published: December 2024

Sierra Leone operates as a constitutional republic with a separation of powers among the executive, legislature, and judiciary. Local governance is managed through 22 local councils, consisting of six city councils, one municipal council, and 15 district councils. While there is no specific constitutional provision for local government, the Local Government Act of 2004 serves as the primary legal framework. The Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development is responsible for implementing decentralization and local governance reforms. Local councils are empowered to raise revenue through taxes, property rates, licenses, fees, charges, and mining revenues, while also receiving transfers from the national government in the form of grants for administrative functions, devolved services, and development initiatives. This study evaluates the effectiveness of own-source revenue generation across nine local councils: Port Loko City Council, Freetown City Council, Kenema City Council, Makeni City Council, Port Loko District Council, Western Area Rural District Council, Kambia District Council, Kailahun District Council, and Bombali District Council. The research focuses on nine key revenue streams common to these councils. The study reveals that while some local councils have effectively generated revenue from certain streams, others have struggled due to limitations in capacity and technical expertise. The nine revenue sources, including business licenses, property rates, and surface rent, are key but inconsistently effective across the councils. As a result, local councils are unable to leverage revenue generation fully to drive development in their communities. The study concludes that the ineffectiveness of own-source revenue generation, driven by systemic issues such as lack of capacity, insufficient technical know-how, and poor mobilization strategies, hampers local development. These challenges are prevalent across all councils included in the study.
Law Enforcement and the Role of Educational Institutions in Handling Cases of Sexual Harassment in Internships and the Workplace: Victim Perspectives and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Putri Sartika Mutia Ananda , Prasetyo Handoyo
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the victim's viewpoint about the efficiency of the judicial system as well as the function of offices and educational institutions in addressing sexual harassment instances that occur in internship and employment settings. using the normative juridical approach of legal study to examine how normative legal rules are applied in each unique legal situation that arises in society. As a result, the literature review and different approaches to comprehending the nation's positive laws serve as the study's main foci. The present research further delineates many obstacles encountered by victims while attempting to get justice and proposes multiple measures for policy enhancement to enhance safeguarding and assistance for sexual harassment victims. In order to avoid and address harassment instances more skilfully, the recommended policy changes include bolstering reporting procedures, providing victim rights counselling, and enhancing training for office managers and educational personnel. It is anticipated that the findings of this research will aid in the creation of more accommodating and sensitive regulations addressing the problem of sexual harassment in internship and employment settings.
Consumer Protection From Default Of Sharia Housing Developer Agreement
Authors: Utami Sekar Anindita Candra
Published: December 2024

Consumers frequently face issues with defaults on housing agreements, often driven by attractive low prices and developers leveraging sharia concepts. PT Fimadani Graha Mandiri (FGM), based in Bekasi, exemplifies this trend, utilizing Binding Sale and Purchase Agreements (Akad Istishna) and Sale and Purchase Agreements on Credit and Installments (Al-Bay' Bi Ad-Dayn Wa Bi At-Taqsith). These agreements delineate the rights and obligations of both developers and consumers. This study aims to analyze consumer protection within these agreements, focusing on safeguarding consumers against developer defaults and examining legal protections in consumer default lawsuits. Employing a doctrinal law method, the research synthesizes relevant rules, principles, and norms. Findings indicate that consumer protection mechanisms in these agreements include the right to accurate information, the ability to select products according to personal preferences, compensation for discrepancies in specifications, and timely delivery of housing. However, the effectiveness of consumer protection in judicial outcomes remains suboptimal. In several cases, PT FGM has denied compensation and refunds, citing a lack of funds and assets. Consequently, consumers face challenges in executing legal claims due to the inability to ascertain the company's assets. This analysis underscores the need for enhanced consumer protections and more effective judicial remedies to address defaults in housing agreements.
The Cultural Identity and Traditional Food in Timor Leste
Authors: Barreto Jose , Neto Mok Januario Maria , Guterres Antonio
Published: December 2024

The despite centuries of colonization and multiple occupations, along with the current white noise of popular culture, East Timor have to get back in touch with its heritage especially food – for the well-being of its people and a potential tourism bounty. The traditional food is needed to be set into the school curriculum. To facilitate the research team in this study, in order to run systematically, Bogdan was used in Sugiono, which is the process of finding and compiling systematically the data obtained from interviews, field notes, international conferences, seminars, and other materials, so that it can be easily understood and the findings can be informed to others, qualitative data analysis is inductive, namely analysis based on the data obtained. There has never been an established book-reading or textbook-learning tradition in Timor-Leste ). The youth are “active practitioners of popular culture” … and “not interested in having the traditional approach”. Survey data among Indian youth revealed that they were “astounded by Western culture”, and were influenced by it in several areas that included Western Culture (32% strongly agreed; 29% agreed), music (36%; 31%), trends (29%; 26%), behavior (23%; 17%), and ideology (23%; 14%).
Analyze The Marketing Mix Strategy In Enhancing The Competitiveness Of Bank Permata Community Channel Division
Authors: Massie Theresia Magdalena
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the marketing mix strategy in enhancing the competitiveness of Bank Permata's Community Channel Division. The marketing mix strategy, consisting of product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence (7P), is applied to understand how each element contributes to the bank's competitive advantage. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, involving in-depth interviews with managers and staff of the Community Channel Division, as well as analysis of internal bank documents and reports. The results of the study indicate that the effective implementation of the marketing mix strategy can enhance customer satisfaction, loyalty, and brand image, ultimately improving Bank Permata's competitiveness. These findings provide practical recommendations for Bank Permata's management to continuously optimize their marketing strategies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.
Quality Perception: Navigating Satisfaction and Review Credibility Pathways
Authors: Dewi Putu Tasya Villia , Muna Nilna
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of product quality on customer perceived value, cus-tomer satisfaction, and information review credibility, alongside the mediating role of cus-tomer satisfaction and information review credibility. The research employs the Infor-mation Adoption Model (IAM) to explore how these variables influence customer prefer-ences in the e-commerce sector, focusing on Somethinc skincare products in Denpasar City. Data from 126 respondents were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Results show that product quality positively affects customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and information review credibility. Information review credibility effectively mediates the relationship between product quality and cus-tomer perceived value, while customer satisfaction does not. These findings provide theo-retical contributions to IAM and practical insights for businesses to enhance customer trust and value perception through improved product quality and credible information dissemination.
Karakter Agronomi dan Fisiologi Berbeagai Varietas Tanaman Lobak (Raphanus Sativus L.) Dengan Penerapan Sonic Bloom di Dataran Rendah
Authors: Ramadhani Febryanti
Published: December 2024

Radish plants (Raphanus sativus L.) belong to the category of horticultural plants that are bushy with a taproot. The desire to develop this crop among farmers in Gandasuli Village, South Halmahera Regency is quite high. However, the main obstacle to developing radishes in lowland areas is the relatively high temperature, leading to concerns about crop failure. How to increase plant productivity using sonic bloom technology. This technology uses sound waves and high frequencies without disturbing the surrounding environment. This research aims to understand the agronomic and physiological development of various radish plant varieties that can thrive well without the application of sonic bloom and with the application of sonic bloom, as well as to observe the effect of sonic bloom on these various varieties in lowland areas. The research design is divided into two stages: stage 1, research without using sonic bloom, and stage 2, research using sonic bloom, which employs a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Different variety treatments are P1 = white radish, P2 = long red radish, and P3 = round red radish. The application of sonic bloom, which shows many significant effects on the observed variables, is demonstrated on white radish plants in the variables of plant height at 14 days after planting (HST), number of leaves at 14 and 21 HST, tuber length, fresh weight of the plant's upper part, fresh weight of the tuber, chlorophyll content, and number of stomata at 14 HST.
Penggunaan Pendekatan Problem Solving Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Mindarti Mindarti
Published: December 2024

This research aims to describe the application of a problem solving model to improve learning outcomes for flat shapes and space shapes in class VI students at SD Negeri 3 Jereweh. The problem formulation in this research is how to apply the problem solving model to improve Mathematics learning outcomes in plane figures and geometry in class VI students at SD Negeri 3 Jereweh. This research was conducted in class VI of SD Negeri 3 Jereweh. This research was carried out in two cycles and each cycle was held in two meetings. The subjects were 20 grade VI students at SD Negeri 3 Jereweh, with 9 male students and 11 female students. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, documentation and tests. Based on the research results, it was concluded that in cycle I it was still considered sufficient with an average of 74.66, so out of 20 students only 12 or 60% of students achieved completeness individually. Student learning outcomes in cycle II were in very good condition with an average of 88.00, and 18 students or 95% of them achieved completeness individually. It can be concluded that applying problem solving can improve the learning outcomes of flat shapes and space shapes in class VI students at SD Negeri 3 Jereweh.
Strategi Pengembangan dan Penataan Kawasan Permukiman Kumuh Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Zahidah Dela Lathifah A.R. Wirdatul
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the development strategy and arrangement of slum areas in Pekanbaru City. The problem of slums in this city is increasingly urgent due to rapid population growth and uncontrolled urbanization. The research method includes a qualitative approach with a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis technique to identify internal and external factors that affect the arrangement of slum areas. This research uses the development strategies theory of Richard Rumelt. The results show that effective strategies include empowering the community and strengthening the role of Government, optimizing land use, and improving access to basic infrastructure. It is expected that with these strategies, the quality of life of people in slum areas can improve and create a habitable, sustainable, and integrated settlement environment with overall city planning. This research provides policy recommendations relevant to the local Government to overcome the problems of slum areas in Pekanbaru, emphasizing the importance of community involvement.
Peran Kolaborasi Pemerintah dan Masyarakat pada Proses Pengambilan Keputusan Sektor Pelayanan Publik
Authors: Selvianti Sari Yuni
Published: December 2024

The importance of collaboration between the government and the community during the decision-making process in the public service sector using collaborative methods. The implementation of this collaboration is considered an effective strategy in order to improve public services as desired by the community. For this reason, the government needs to collaborate with the community in making public service policy decisions. By using the literature study method, this study obtained the result that collaboration is a form of innovation that has the same understanding between the parties involved. This same understanding can be in the form of vision, mission, and goals. Although there are still many challenges that need to be faced, most of them are that this government-community collaboration project has provided positive results and improved more effective public services.
Motivasi Belajar yang Rendah pada Anak Keluarga Broken Home
Authors: Pungki Ariska Sekar
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the causes of low learning motivation in children from broken homes. This study uses a qualitative research type with a case study method. This study was located in Cicau Village, Central Cikarang. The Selection of subjects used 3 informants, namely SD as an older sister, MD as a younger brother, and R as SD and MD is mother, data collection using interview and observation techniques with the result of the study, subjects SD and MD have low motivation due to parental factors who do not give enough attention to children and always fight in front of SD and MD. Research in Cicau Village, Central Cikarang shows that children from broken home families tend to receive less attention and encouragement in education, which has an impact on low motivation to learn, decreased achievement, and indifference to learning.
Distribution of equalization grants across the subjects of the Russian Federation and their role in changing interregional budget inequality
Authors: Zemlyanskii Dmitry Yurievich , Medvednikova Darina Mikhailovna , Kalinovskii Leonid Viktorovich , Prusikhin Oleg Evgenievich
Published: December 2024

The article presents an analysis of the distribution of equalizing grants across the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2008–2023 and assesses their role in reducing the level of interregional budgetary inequality, measured by various methods (using coefficients of variation and Gini, Theil and Atkinson indices). The study was carried out on the basis of open data from the Treasury, the Ministry of Finance and the Federal Tax Service of Russia, as well as information of the official web portal of the budget system of Russian Federation. It was revealed that most regions continuously received equalization grants during the period, and only 5 subjects were never among the recipients. An increase in the concentration of these grants in the regions which are the main recipients is observed, as well as a nominal increase of grants during the period in most regions, which is offset by the price inflation. It was also revealed that with the current configuration of the methodology for allocating equalizing grants, regions with identical budget situations show a different increase in the level of budgetary capacity after grants are provided, thus a number of regions receive poorly justified advantages over others. Despite this, it has been proven that equalization grants reduce interregional differences in indicators of fiscal capacity while measured by all metrics of interregional inequality, however, their contribution to reducing inequality is significantly lower than the contribution of tax redistribution and is comparable to the contribution of subsidies. At the same time, the leveling role of these grants remain unchanged during the whole period under review.
Is the modern South of Russia polyethnic?
Authors: Druzhinin Alexander Georgievich
Published: December 2024

The activation (and actualization) of transformational processes in Russian society against the background of significantly increased global turbulence initiates priority attention to spatial development, which, in turn, requires a more detailed and correct assessment of the ethnodemographic specifics of the territory. The article focuses on the modern features of the ethnic structure of the South of Russia (Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts), which is ethnogeographically the most “mosaic” macroregion of the Russian Federation, based on a multi-scale analysis of data from the All-Russian Population Census in 2020. It is shown that the idea of the South of Russia as a multiethnic territory rooted in scientific discourse is generally justified (for Russians in the census population – 60.4% with an average for Russia – 71.7), but should be adjusted for regional and municipal taxonomic levels. Thus, out of 15 federal subjects localized in the South of Russia, in 7 the proportion of the numerically predominant ethnic group exceeds 75%, which illustrates their predominant mono-ethnicity (these regions occupy 61% of the territory of Southern Russia, concentrating 67% of its population and 73% of the GRP). The situation is similar in 239 (out of 341) municipalities (urban districts, municipal districts and municipal districts), including such important urban centers as Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd, Stavropol, Sevastopol. The territorial, residential and economic structure of the South of Russia is shifted, as a result, in favor of regions and municipalities with a clear “ethnic coloring” (including “Russian” in 5 subjects of the Russian Federation and half of municipalities), which allows us to consider the South Russian macroregion as an asymmetric combination of mono- and multiethnic territories.
Social capital as a factor of the effectiveness of regional policy: European Union study
Authors: Akulenok Stepan Valentinovich
Published: December 2024

The concept of social capital is not widely used to determine the factors of effectiveness of the EU regional policy, the main attention of researchers is focused on the study of institutions. The author examines the social capital of regional communities in Europe from the point of view of influence on the regional policy of the EU, using data from the international sociological study European Values Studies in comparison with the index of the quality of public administration in European regions. The author also analyzes studies of the impact of social capital on regional policy in the EU countries to confirm his own conclusions. By means of correlation analysis and by comparing data on the quality of institutions, the effectiveness of regional policy, and the characteristics of social capital, it is proved that effective institutions are characteristic of regions with a predominance of binding social capital and that binding social capital reduces the effectiveness of regional policy even against the background of effective institutions, however, in some regions, binding social capital is the basis for the active involvement of economic agents in the activities of the EU regional policy. The predominance of one or another type of social capital determines the participants in regional policy projects, which must be taken into account by regional authorities when promoting events and selecting participants in EU regional policy. The EU’s regional policy, being a new public institution, can have an impact on the geography of social capital in foreign Europe.
The path from candidate to doctor in a scientometric mirror: the case of socio-economic geography
Authors: Treivish Andrey Ilyich
Published: December 2024

The analysis is carried out using the author’s database that includes 248 researchers in socio- economic geography (SEG) and some regionalists born in 1899-2085, who have the degrees of candidate (PhD) and doctor of sciences. Their age at both events, time between them, and productivity by the Hirsch index in e-library were studied. An interval between the two theses is closely related to the age of the second dissertation but not the first. The trend of rejuvenation is revealed for the first thesis. The doctor’s age and the ‘inter-thesis’ lag had been growing until about 1940 and then turned down. The annual doctoral yield ranged from 12 in 1949 to 0 since the 1970s, and the zero case becomes more frequent under a number of factors. Evaluations of the impact of generations and their professional growth rates on their h-indices have shown mixed results due to defects in the index proper and heterogeneous reasons that affect its level, evidently elevated among the scholars born in the 1940s and 1950s. The case of SEG illustrates the problems of all Russia’s science, its small and interdisciplinary groups. Ageing and attrition of high professionals, including those employed in councils, which work for reproduction of this stuff is the common problem. At the current rate, the list of live experts on SEG would lose a fifth of its membership during 15 years. Hardships of earning the academic degrees often transform the way from PhD to doctor into the way past the second level.
Ética médica y bioética en el desarrollo del proceso de formación de los estudiantes de medicina en el Ecuador
Authors: Delgado Ferrín Johanna Nathali , Falconi Loqui Álvaro Andrés
Published: December 2024

El propósito del artículo es analizar la ética médica y la bioética en la formación de los estudiantes de medicina en Ecuador, resaltando su importancia para abordar los dilemas éticos en la práctica médica. La obtención de resultados se basó en una revisión bibliográfica sobre un estudio propuesto por Veliz donde destaca la importancia de la enseñanza de la Bioética en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, se encontraron varias deficiencias en la formación ética. Aunque todos los encuestados consideran crucial la enseñanza de la bioética, la mayoría no ha recibido capacitación formal en este campo, y la asignatura ocupa una posición marginal en el currículo, representando solo el 1,89% del total de las materias del programa. Los resultados indican los estudiantes reconocen la necesidad de una formación más sólida en ética médica, el enfoque sigue siendo principalmente teórico y limitado, lo que impacta negativamente en su capacidad para aplicar los principios bioéticos en la práctica. Se concluye que es fundamental revisar y fortalecer los currículos académicos, integrando la bioética de manera transversal y promoviendo métodos de enseñanza más interactivos y prácticos para asegurar que los futuros médicos estén mejor preparados para enfrentar los desafíos éticos en la atención sanitaria.
Exploring the Impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Disease Progression and Psychological Well-Being in Lung Cancer Patients: A Review
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda, Jumba K. Kato
Published: December 2024

Lung cancer poses significant challenges not only in terms of physical health but also regarding psychological well-being, with many patients experiencing heightened anxiety and depression following diagnosis. This review explored the impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on disease progression and psychological well-being in lung cancer patients. MBSR, developed by Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn, combines mindfulness meditation and yoga to promote present-moment awareness and emotional regulation. Through a comprehensive literature review, we examined the mechanisms by which MBSR may influence stress levels, enhance emotional resilience, and potentially affect clinical outcomes, including immune function and survival rates. Findings suggested that MBSR can significantly reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms, improve overall quality of life, and foster a sense of community among participants. The integration of MBSR into standard cancer care is increasingly recognized as vital for addressing the psychological dimensions of treatment. Despite its promise, challenges remained in accessibility and implementation, highlighting the need for further research into personalized interventions and the long-term effects of mindfulness practices. This article underscored the importance of incorporating psychological support into lung cancer treatment regimens to enhance patient outcomes and overall well-being.

Keywords: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Lung Cancer, Psychological Well-Being, Disease Progression, Anxiety and Depression
Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy Kampala International University Uganda, David Bwanbale Geoffrey
Published: December 2024

The adaptive immune system plays a critical role in recognizing and responding to pathogens, and its responses can vary significantly among individuals. The ability to accurately predict adaptive immune responses is vital for developing effective vaccines, therapies, and diagnostics. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in immunology, offering innovative approaches to predict adaptive immune responses based on vast datasets of immunological information. This review explores the role of AI in predicting T cell and B cell responses, highlights various AI techniques used in immunology, discusses the challenges and limitations faced, and examines future directions in this promising field. The integration of AI with immunological research holds the potential to revolutionize our understanding of immune responses and enhance personalized medicine strategies.

Keywords: Adaptive immunity, artificial intelligence, immune response prediction, machine learning, immunoinformatics, T cells, B cells
The Role of the Complement System in Autoimmune Diseases and Therapeutic Targeting
Authors:   Faculty of Biological Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Rukundo T. Bizimana
Published: December 2024

The complement system, a critical component of the innate immune system, plays a dual role in immune defense and pathogenesis, particularly in autoimmune diseases. Comprising over 30 proteins, the complement system facilitates pathogen clearance, inflammation, and immune modulation. However, its dysregulation can lead to uncontrolled activation and contribute to the development and progression of various autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and vasculitis. In these diseases, excessive complement activation triggers inflammation, immune cell recruitment, and tissue damage, exacerbating the autoimmune response. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the complement system’s role in autoimmune diseases, exploring how its three activation pathways—classical, lectin, and alternative—contribute to disease pathogenesis. It also discusses key complement proteins such as C3, C5, and the membrane attack complex (MAC) in promoting inflammatory responses in these conditions. Moreover, the review highlights recent advances in therapeutic strategies targeting the complement system, including the development of C5 inhibitors like eculizumab and C3 inhibitors, which show promise in treating complement-mediated autoimmune diseases. These therapies aim to reduce inflammation and tissue destruction, offering new approaches for managing autoimmune disorders. Understanding complement dysregulation is crucial for the development of more effective treatments in the future.

Keywords: Complement system, Autoimmune diseases, Complement activation, Inflammation, Therapeutic targeting
Cross-reactivity in Adaptive Immunity: An Overview
Authors:   Faculty of Biological Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Rukundo T. Bizimana
Published: December 2024

Cross-reactivity in adaptive immunity refers to the ability of immune cells to recognize and respond to similar but distinct antigens. This phenomenon, while aiding in the recognition and defense against diverse pathogens, can also lead to unintended immune responses, including autoimmune reactions. The review explores key mechanisms underlying cross-reactivity, including molecular mimicry, T cell receptor degeneracy, and antibody cross-recognition. It discusses the dual role of cross-reactivity in infectious diseases, where it contributes to both protective immunity and potential disease enhancement, as seen in infections like dengue and Zika. Cross-reactivity is also implicated in autoimmunity, where immune responses to microbial antigens can mistakenly target self-tissues, potentially triggering conditions such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, the review addresses the implications of cross-reactivity in vaccine design, emphasizing the need to balance broad immune protection with safety, as well as challenges in immunotherapy where cross-reactivity may lead to off-target effects. Understanding cross-reactivity is essential to leveraging adaptive immunity effectively while minimizing potential adverse effects, with applications spanning infection control, vaccine development, and therapeutic interventions in immune-mediated diseases.

Keywords: Adaptive immunity, Cross-reactivity, Molecular mimicry, Autoimmunity, Vaccine development, Immunotherapy
Adaptive Immunity and Autoimmune Disease: Mechanisms, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda, Emmanuel K Mugisha .
Published: December 2024

Autoimmune diseases arise when the adaptive immune system mistakenly targets self-antigens, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. This review explores the mechanisms by which adaptive immunity, particularly T and B lymphocyte responses, contributes to the development and persistence of autoimmune diseases. It examines the underlying factors that influence autoreactivity, including genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and breakdowns in immune tolerance. Additionally, we discuss the role of T cells, B cells, and autoantibodies in various autoimmune diseases, with emphasis on rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Insights into the molecular and cellular pathways driving autoimmunity have informed current therapeutic strategies, including immune modulation and targeted biologics. This review highlights the challenges of restoring tolerance in autoimmune disease management and outlines future directions for research and therapeutic development.

Keywords: Adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, T cells, B cells, immune tolerance, autoimmune diseases
Language Preservation: Strategies for Indigenous Languages
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Kampala International University, Uganda, Annet Kakembo Aisha
Published: December 2024

Indigenous languages are critical to cultural identity, carrying unique worldviews, knowledge systems, and histories. However, these languages are rapidly disappearing due to factors like globalization, urbanization, and intergenerational transmission gaps. This paper discusses strategies for the preservation and revitalization of indigenous languages, emphasizing the importance of community involvement, educational initiatives, and the use of digital tools. By exploring successful language preservation models from Indigenous communities worldwide, the paper highlights how bottom-up approaches, immersive language programs, and technological innovations can support revitalization. Collaboration between communities, government bodies, and non-governmental organizations is essential to creating sustainable methods for language survival and adaptability in the modern world. Ultimately, preserving indigenous languages not only maintains cultural diversity but also reinforces social and psychological identity for present and future generations.

Keywords: Indigenous language preservation, language revitalization, cultural identity, community-based programs, digital tools in language preservation.
The Effects of Arts Education on Academic Achievement
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Kampala International University, Uganda, Annet Kakembo Aisha
Published: December 2024

Arts education plays an important role in enhancing academic performance by fostering creativity, cognitive development, and engagement in students. This study examines the impact of arts education on academic achievement, with a focus on integrating arts into the core curriculum. Drawing from theoretical frameworks such as Multiple Intelligences theory and empirical evidence, it emphasizes the positive correlation between participation in arts education and improved outcomes in reading, mathematics, language, and social skills. However, the debate on resource allocation and implementation challenges persists. Recommendations include advocating for comprehensive arts integration policies, professional development for educators, and equitable access to arts programs, ensuring that arts education becomes an essential component of holistic learning and educational reform.

Keywords: Arts education, Academic achievement, Curriculum integration, Creativity and cognition, Educational policy, Multiple Intelligences theory.
The Impact of Art-Based Learning on Curriculum Enhancement
Authors:   Faculty of Business, Kampala International University, Uganda, Kyomugisha T. Asiimwe
Published: December 2024

Art-based learning, which incorporates artistic media into educational practices, has emerged as a transformative approach to enhancing curriculum delivery. This paper examines how integrating art into various academic disciplines fosters creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence while enriching student engagement and learning outcomes. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as experiential learning and social-emotional development, the paper highlights research studies demonstrating the positive impacts of art on academic achievement and cognitive development. It examines practical strategies for art integration, including collaborative projects, interdisciplinary approaches, and leveraging technology. Additionally, the assessment and evaluation of art-based learning outcomes are discussed, emphasizing the challenges and opportunities in quantifying creativity and originality. The paper concludes with insights into future directions for professional development and systemic integration of art into curricula, advocating for its potential to prepare learners for 21st-century challenges.

Keywords: Art-based learning, curriculum enhancement, interdisciplinary education, creativity, experiential learning.
The Importance of Arts in Continuous Professional Development in Health
Authors:   Faculty of Business, Kampala International University, Uganda, Nabirye H. Kato
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the integral role of arts in continuous professional development (CPD) for healthcare professionals. The incorporation of arts such as visual arts, music, drama, and dance—into healthcare settings offers multidimensional benefits that transcend conventional training. These benefits include enhanced communication skills, empathy, emotional resilience, and creativity. By fostering these qualities, arts-based CPD initiatives support healthcare professionals in adapting to complex, emotionally charged, and ethically nuanced situations they encounter in practice. Furthermore, case studies illustrate how the arts have positively impacted clinical outcomes and healthcare team cohesion, indicating the potential of arts as an innovative tool in CPD. The paper also addresses challenges, including funding constraints and resistance to integration, and outlines future directions for establishing a robust framework to incorporate the arts into health education. The findings advocate for a broader adoption of arts-based methodologies to nurture a resilient, compassionate, and holistic healthcare workforce.

Keywords: Arts in Healthcare, Continuous Professional Development (CPD), Creativity in Medicine, Arts-based Training, Healthcare Professional Development.
The Influence of Body Language in Legal Settings
Authors:   Faculty of Business, Kampala International University, Uganda, Nabirye H. Kato
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the significant role of body language in legal environments and its implications for various courtroom participants, including jurors, judges, attorneys, and witnesses. While verbal communication remains the primary focus in courtrooms, non-verbal cues play a pivotal role in shaping perceptions of credibility, truth, and persuasion. The study reviews common body language signals and their interpretations, considering how these affect judgments, credibility assessments, and decision-making processes. By examining these dynamics, this research aims to highlight the importance of non-verbal communication in the legal field and propose strategies for legal professionals to utilize body language effectively to strengthen courtroom interactions and outcomes. Case studies provide real-world applications, demonstrating how an awareness of body language can impact trial outcomes and suggesting that training in non-verbal communication could be beneficial for legal professionals.

Keywords: Body Language, Legal Communication, Non-verbal Cues, Credibility, Persuasion.
Legal Communication in Multilingual Contexts
Authors:   Faculty of Business, Kampala International University, Uganda, Amina G. Kagaba
Published: December 2024

Legal communication in multilingual contexts is a growing concern in today’s interconnected world, where language diversity intersects with legal systems, cultural norms, and power dynamics. This paper examines the barriers and challenges posed by linguistic and cultural differences in legal proceedings, highlighting the complexities of translating legal terminologies and maintaining clarity for all parties. It examines the role of interpreters, translators, and cultural competence in facilitating effective communication, as well as the systemic shortcomings and risks of misinterpretation. Practical strategies for improving multilingual legal interactions, such as training in cultural competence and leveraging technology, are discussed. Future trends, including AI advancements and the integration of language technologies, offer promising opportunities to enhance multilingual legal services. The paper concludes with recommendations for bridging gaps between legal theory and practice to foster inclusive, fair, and effective communication in diverse legal settings.

Keywords: Multilingual Legal Communication, Legal Translation and Interpreting, Cultural Competence, Language and Legal System, Artificial Intelligence in Legal Contexts.
An Overview of Zingiber officinale as an Essence of Life and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Ashutosh Pathak*  , Aabhash shukla  , Ayush Tiwari  , Yash Giri  , Sanskar  , Khushi Verma  , Riya Vissen  , Kritika Shukla  , Pavan Kumar  , Anuj Yadav
Published: December 2024

Zingiber officinale or Ginger, an annual flower-patterned stem belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, gets utilize as, food, flavouring, as well as medicinal ingredient. Throughout more than two thousand years, ginger has been traditionally utilised for health purposes. It is among of the best-adapted plants with a wide-ranging of physiological functions and is frequently used as a seasoning for a range of beverages and food. Shogoals, Gingerol, Parasols, and other compounds give ginger its therapeutic qualities. Ginger has a high level of antioxidants which protect DNA from damage based on by stress and oxidation. They might promote youthfulness and help the body fight on going illnesses like hypertension coronary artery disease and breathing problems. They may also lower cancerous risk. Its pH ranges from 5.50 to 6.02, which is comparable to that of lettuce, figs, fennel, leeks, and parsnips. The newly harvested ginger should be stored at an average warmth of 19-28 °C and a relative humidity of roughly 70-90%. Numerous studies have demonstrated ginger's protective properties against a range of conditions, including cancer, diabetes mellitus, free radicals, inflammation, and nausea. It is thought that ginger is a safe herbal remedy with little side effects. This plant may be used to create herbal medicines in the near future, but further explore is essential to assess the efficacy and safety of any adverse effects produced by studies that involve human subjects.
PKM Sosialisasi dan Pendampingan K2 (Keselamatan Ketenagalistrikan) Pada Rumah Tambak di Desa Bonto Manai Kec. Labakkang, Kab.Pangkep
Authors: Iswal Burhan Muhammad , T Mangesa Riana , Ihsan Zulfikar Muh. , Makmur Elfira , Ana Laila Sari Dessy
Published: December 2024

Penelitian Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan keterampilan praktis mengenai Keselamatan Ketenagalistrikan (K2) di Desa Bonto Manai, Kabupaten Pangkep. Melalui pendekatan partisipatoris, 20 peserta yang terdiri dari warga dan pemilik rumah tambak dilibatkan dalam pelatihan yang mencakup penyuluhan, diskusi, dan pelatihan langsung dalam penerapan K2. Metode yang digunakan meliputi survei lapangan untuk memahami kondisi eksisting, perencanaan kegiatan dengan melibatkan pemerintah desa dan stakeholders lokal, serta implementasi selama enam bulan dengan evaluasi akhir untuk mengukur dampaknya. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pemahaman tentang risiko kecelakaan listrik dan keterampilan praktis dalam menerapkan standar Keselamatan Ketenagalistrikan. Peserta berhasil mengimplementasikan pengetahuan yang diperoleh pada instalasi kelistrikan rumah tambak, baik indoor maupun outdoor, yang sesuai dengan aturan K2. Kesuksesan pendekatan partisipatoris ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya kolaborasi aktif antara komunitas lokal, pemerintah desa, dan lembaga pendidikan dalam membangun kesadaran akan Keselamatan Ketenagalistrikan. Abstrak ini menegaskan relevansi pendekatan ini dalam konteks pengembangan masyarakat yang aman dan berkelanjutan, dengan harapan bahwa hasilnya dapat diadopsi sebagai model untuk kegiatan serupa di komunitas lain. Penelitian ini memberikan sumbangan baru dalam literatur mengenai pendekatan pengabdian masyarakat dalam bidang keselamatan listrik di lingkungan pedesaan Indonesia.
AS REPRESENTAÇÕES DO TRAUMA HISTÓRICO POR MEIO DA HISTÓRIA EM QUADRINHOS JEREMIAS: PELE EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Fernandes Dalmo Alexsander
Published: December 2024

Esse artigo se propõe a dialogar sobre o racismo no Brasil por meio dos estudos do trauma histórico, ou seja, buscando encontrar reverberações do racismo na população brasileira hoje, com o objetivo de compreender ecos desse passado em nosso presente. Através da leitura da obra Jeremias: Pele, busco compreender como estudantes da educação básica compreendem os traumas decorrentes da escravização, realizando uma conversa sobre as representações do quadrinho, as motivações históricas para que essas práticas ainda ocorram e como os(as) estudantes as percebem na atual estrutura social. O texto tem por objetivo auxiliar para que as escolas consigam avançar nos debates sobre ética, diversidade e relações raciais.
DEVELOPMENT OF MANDAILING NATAL FOLKLORE TEACHING MATERIALS BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM OF MARSALI WITH THE AID OF CANVA ONLINE COMICS
Authors: Hasibuan Nikmah Sari , Pulungan Husniah Ramadhani , Azelia Cindy , Hutabarat Anis Pitria , Nanda Nanda , Wahyudi Angga
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of digital comics based on the Marsali method as an interactive learning medium in introducing Mandailing Natal folklore to students. The Research and Development (R&D) method was used in this study, involving five main stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the study showed that the use of digital comics developed with the Canva application, as well as involving students in Marsali practices, successfully increased their interest and understanding of folklore. Of the 30 students who participated, 85% reported an increase in interest in folklore after studying the comics, and 90% felt that the comics helped them understand the material. In addition, the evaluation also showed an increase in active participation in class discussions. The use of digital comics based on Marsali has proven to be an effective medium in preserving local culture and enriching student learning through a visual and interactive approach that is relevant to the younger generation. This study concludes that digital comics based on local culture can be an effective tool in education, especially in maintaining the sustainability of folklore and cultural heritage in the digital era.
STUDENT'S SELF-ESTEEM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SPEAKING ABILITY AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN LAMPUNG
Authors: Rahma Eva Agustina , Wahyudin Achmad Yudi
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the relationship and influence between students' self-esteem and students' English ability. Speaking is an important language skill, especially in a global setting where English is required for success in many areas. The study's goal is to evaluate if self-esteem has a substantial influence on students' speaking ability, as well as to uncover variables that contribute to poor self-esteem. Data were collected from 10th graders at a public school in South Lampung using questionnaires, speaking exams, and interviews. Using Pearson's correlation in SPSS.26, a sample of 36 students yielded a correlation value of 0.446, demonstrating a modest positive association between self-esteem and speaking ability. Peer comparison, dependence on external validation, emotional responses to failure, family dynamics, social support, and instructor evaluation are all factors that influence one's self-esteem. Addressing these issues is critical for increasing students' resilience and cultivating a more positive self-image, which can lead to improved speaking ability.