bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growing and Drying Spirulina/Arthrospira for Producing Food and Nutraceuticals: A Review
Authors: Stunda-Zujeva Agnese , Ruģele Kristīne
Published: February 2018

Microalgae-cianobacteriaArthrospira(trade nameSpirulina) are cultivated worldwide due to its nutritional and therapeutic qualities. The aim of this review is to summary production parameters affecting quality ofArthrospira. The biochemical composition of microalgae foodstuff is mostly determined by growing conditions, e.g. growth media, light intensity, temperature as well as drying method and conditions. This review showed that prospective directions for optimization of costs to cultivateArthrospiraindoors are: effective use of light, e.g., using effective artificial light sources like light emitting diodes (LED) in color with regards to necessary component inArthrospira; mixotropic growth using growth media from food processing by-product/waste; and selection ofArthrospirastrain according to available temperature. Common methods of algae drying for food and nutraceuticals are solar drying, convective drying, spray drying, lyophilization. The drying method and regime can greatly affect the amount of biologically active compounds and organoleptic quality.
Preparation of Au, Pt, Pd and Ag Doped TiO2 Nanofibers and their Photocatalytic Properties under LED Illumination
Authors: Drunka Reinis , Grabis Jānis , Krūmiņa Aija
Published: February 2018

In the present work formation of active TiO2 nanofibers in microwave-assisted synthesis and their modification with Au, Pt, Pd and Ag nanoparticles were studied. Anatase nanopowder and 10M KOH solution were used as raw materials. Microwave-assisted synthesis permitted to obtain TiO2 nanofibers and nanowires with a diameter of 10nm and a specific surface area 158.5m2/g. Chemical deposition method were used to modify TiO2 nanofibers with precious metal nanoparticles. After modification, specific surface area decreased and were in range 73.1 – 74.7m2/g. Photocatalytic activity was determined by degradation of the methylene blue (MB) solution under visible light irradiation. High intensity LED lamp was used as light source. The obtained samples showed higher photocatalytic activity with respect to pure TiO2 nanofibers. The doped TiO2 nanofibers were appropriate for degradation of harmful organic compounds as well as for hydrogen production by water splitting.
Application of Additional Coating for Conductive Yarns Protection against Washing
Authors: Baribina Natalija , Baltina Ilze , Oks Alexander
Published: February 2018

The conductive yarn is an essential component of the smart textile making the product light and comfortable to wear. Nevertheless, one of the most common problems is care that limits the use of the product. Application of additional coating to the yarn renders it water-repellent properties and allows reduction of the negative impact of water on its performance. During the research additional coatings were applied to conductive yarns, with the aim of minimizing electrical resistivity changes caused by washing cycles. Two types of coatings were applied to the yarns, they were washed and tested. The article describes changes in the electrical resistance of different conductors depending on the linear density of the yarn, the type of coating applied and the number of washing cycles. The electrical resistance of electrically conductive yarns increases with washing until they become non-conductive. The electrical resistance of non-textured yarns increases more slowly and the smaller increase is observed in thick yarns. The water-repellent silicone coating applied to yarns reduces the electrical resistance increase rate and the yarns retain their conductivity over more washing cycles.
Dynamic characteristics of the west wing of East Block of Parliament Hill, Ottawa, Ontario from ambient noise recordings
Authors: Kolaj M , Hunter J , Adams J
Published: February 2018

To mitigate seismic risk, it is important to obtain a structure's natural frequencies and resonant amplification spectra. To this effect, ambient seismic noise data were collected at three sites of interest as well as two reference sites within the west wing of
East Block on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Canada due to the importance and historic value of these heritage buildings. The data were processed using the standard spectral ratio (SSR) and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) techniques. Processing of the ambient noise data for the South-West
Tower yielded approximately the same fundamental frequency (2.0 Hz) as did the analysis of the Mw 5.0 Val-des-Bois earthquake data (1.86 Hz). Several >3 Hz spectral peaks as well as broadband amplification (3 Hz - 8 Hz) were observed at room 219 and room 314 of the west wing at the
locations of previously installed three-component earthquake accelerometers. The SSR technique was found to be more reliable than the HVSR technique in identifying the dominant peaks in the spectra. This was likely due to the presence of vertical amplification at the sites which is hypothesized to
be caused by coupling between the horizontal vibrational modes with that of the floor which caused it to vibrate at a comparable frequency. An ambient noise survey such as the one performed in this work is a low-cost approach for documenting the dominant dynamic properties of a structure in the
linear domain.
Naive Bayes vs Logistic Regression: Theory, Implementation and Experimental Validation
Authors: Kumar Bhowmik Tapan
Published: February 2018

This article presents the theoretical derivation as well as practical steps for implementing Naive Bayes (NB) and Logistic Regression (LR) classifiers. A generative learning under Gaussian Naive Bayes assumption and two discriminative learning techniques based on gradient ascent and Newton-Raphson methods are described to estimate the parameters of LR. Some limitation of learning techniques and implementation issues are discussed as well. A set of experiments are performed for both the classifiers under different learning circumstances and their performances are compared. From the experiments, it is observed that LR learning with gradient ascent technique outperforms general NB classifier. However, under Gaussian Naive Bayes assumption, both classifiers NB and LR perform similar.
Melas-type bounds for the Heisenberg Laplacian on bounded domains
Authors: Kovařík Hynek , Ruszkowski Bartosch , Weidl Timo
Published: February 2018

We study Riesz means of the eigenvalues of the Heisenberg Laplacian with Dirichlet boundary conditions on bounded domains in

\mathbb R^3

. We obtain an inequality with a sharp leading term and an additional lower order term, improving the result of Hansson and Laptev [3].
Estimates for the Szegő projection on uniformly finite-type subdomains of $\mathbb C^2$
Authors: Peterson Aaron
Published: February 2018

We prove precise growth and cancellation estimates for the Szegő kernel of an unbounded model domain

\Omega\subset\mathbb{C}^2

under the assumption that b

\Omega

satisfies a uniform finite-type hypothesis. Such domains have smooth boundaries which are not algebraic varieties, and therefore admit no global homogeneities that allow one to use compactness arguments in order to obtain results. As an application of our estimates, we prove that the Szegő projection

\mathbb{S}

of

\Omega

is exactly regular on the non-isotropic Sobolev spaces

NL_k^p({\rm b}\Omega)

for

1 < p<{+\infty}

and

k=0,1,\ldots

, and also that

\mathbb{S}\colon \Gamma_\alpha (E)\rightarrow \Gamma_\alpha({\rm b}\Omega)

, for

E\Subset {\rm b}\Omega

and

0<\alpha<+\infty

, with a bound that depends only on

{\rm diam}(E)

, where

\Gamma_\alpha

are the non-isotropic Hölder spaces.
Global well-posedness of 3-D inhomogeneous Navier–Stokes system with ill-prepared initial data
Authors: Zhang Ping , Zhang Zhifei
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we investigate the global well-posedness of 3-D incompressible inhomogeneous Navier–Stokes system with ill-prepared initial data of the form

\bigl(1+\epsilon^{\beta}a_0(x_{\rm h},\epsilon x_3),(\epsilon^{1-\alpha}\,v^{\rm h}_0, \epsilon^{-\alpha}v_0^3)(x_{\rm h},\epsilon x_3)\bigr)

for any

\alpha \in ]0,1/3[, \beta > 2\alpha

, and

\epsilon

being sufficiently small. This result improves the global well-posedness result for so-called well-prepared initial data, which corresponds to the case of

\alpha=0

.
Composition operators on the Schwartz space
Authors: Galbis Antonio , Jordá Enrique
Published: February 2018

We study composition operators on the Schwartz space of rapidly decreasing functions. We prove that such a composition operator is never a compact operator and we obtain necessary or sufficient conditions for the range of the composition operator to be closed. These conditions are expressed in terms of multipliers for the Schwartz class and the closed range property of the corresponding operator considered in the space of smooth functions.
Prostorje kot kulturni proizvod – Refleksija na današnje prostorje japonskega avantgardnega gibanja v šestdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja
Authors: HRVATIN Klara
Published: February 2018

Eno ključnih dogajanj v široki paleti japonske avantgardne umetnosti v zgodnjih šestdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja je proizvedlo umetniško gibanje Sōgetsu (Sōgetsu geijutsu undō 草月芸術運動). To je od svojega začetka leta 1958 skoraj desetletje in pol ponujalo bogat eksperimentalni in inovativni prostor japonske umetnosti. Raziskovanje in arhiviranje fenomena tega gibanja in njegovega skupnega prostora (umetniškega centra Sōgetsu) sega v začetek enaindvajsetega stoletja, medtem kot je spletno mesto in participatorno spletno objavo dobilo šele leta 2013.S kvalitativno raziskovalnim pristopom (predvsem neformalnega in pol-strukturiranega intervjuja) članek ponazarja, kako lahko gledamo na prostorje umetniškega gibanja Sōgetsu in ga definiramo. Upošteva predvsem načine arhiviranja ter (re)produkcije nekaterih glavnih del, značilnih za gibanje. Članek prikaže, kako je to prostorje v konfliktu z osnovnimi koncepti gibanja v šestdesetih letih, med katerimi sta bila med glavnimi eksperimentalni duh in meddisciplinarno sodelovanje, in kako lahko to prostorje vidimo z vidika današnjega koncepta potrošništva.
PRECARIEDADE DO SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO BRASILEIRO COMO BASE TEMÁTICA PARA A PROIBIÇÃO OU LEGALIZAÇÃO DAS DROGAS
Authors: Lemos Rocha Lilian Rose , Cardozo José Eduardo
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo traz, em sua completude, descrições a respeito da eficiência do sistema penitenciário brasileiro, apresentando, por meio de perspectiva histórica, o surgimento das penas privativas de liberdade até a situação atual do país. Debate-se, ao decorrer do texto, a respeito da razão de existência das sanções penais e de sistemas prisionais, argumentando-se sobre as condições psicológicas e humanísticas dos integrantes da população carcerária. O Brasil encontra-se em um ciclo ininterrupto e crescente da cultura judicial de não adoção de meios alternativos de penalizações, especialmente, quando é nítida a adoção de preconceito racial e socioeconômico pelos magistrados. Os indicadores do sistema carcerário brasileiro apontam eminente colapso no arranjo penitenciário do país, ainda assim, seguindo uma marcha de insensatez, a corte não modifica a metodologia utilizada e as políticas adotadas, com o intuito de atrair aplausos da sociedade e de importante órgãos de comunicação, iludindo-se, e aos demais, com a ideologia de que a prisão é o remédio para todos os males. A metodologia utilizada é a descritiva, buscando-se analisar dados quantitativos e qualitativos para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Conclui-se que é indispensável a discussão de um novo modelo, debatido com o auxílio de uma análise global do problema, que não adote mascaramentos ou posturas hipócritas, mas sim, fundamentado em razoabilidade e energia intelectual suficiente para que se modifique o senso comum da sociedade.
CONSEQUENCIALISMO JUDICIAL NA MODULAÇÃO DE EFEITOS DAS DECISÕES DECLARATÓRIAS DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE NOS JULGAMENTOS DE DIREITO TRIBUTÁRIO
Authors: Leal Fernando Angelo Ribeiro
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho analisa o uso de argumentos consequencialistas na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal para a modulação dos efeitos temporais da decisão declaratória de inconstitucionalidade em julgamentos de direito tributário. No estudo, analisa-se o apelo a consequências na solução de casos concretos e se identificam potenciais problemas relativos à adoção deste tipo de argumento pelos ministros no STF.
A APLICAÇÃO DO DIREITO AO ESQUECIMENTO AOS AGENTES DELITIVOS: UMA ANÁLISE ACERCA DA PONDERAÇÃO ENTRE O DIREITO À IMAGEM E AS LIBERDADES DE EXPRESSÃO E DE INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Carmona Paulo Afonso Cavichioli , Nunes de Carvalho Cavichioli Carmona Flávia
Published: February 2018

O objetivo desse artigo é abordar a aplicação do direito ao esquecimento aos agentes delitivos partindo da análise da ponderação entre o direito a imagem e as liberdades de expressão e de informação, bem como propondo a utilização de critérios que auxiliem o julgador em sua decisão. Por meio de pesquisa dedutiva, doutrinária e jurisprudencial, o artigo, primeiro, analisa conceitualmente e historicamente o delineamento do direito ao esquecimento, assim como aborda as contribuições que os principais julgados, internacionais e pátrios, trazem sobre o tema. Discorre acerca do direito à imagem e das liberdades de expressão e de informação, que estariam em aparente colisão quando há interesse de um indivíduo, que cometeu um delito no passado, não ver este fato relembrado por tempo indeterminado. Conclui-se que a ponderação a ser realizada no caso em concreto pode se valer tanto dos critérios auxiliares apontados pela jurisprudência – temporal, historicidade, imprescindibilidade do sujeito e interesse público, quanto de critérios auxiliares objetivos – absolvição, reabilitação e prescrição. A indicação desses critérios objetivos como auxiliares na interpretação do julgador ao analisar o direito ao esquecimento aos agentes delitivos é a grande inovação acerca da temática proposta no artigo.
CIBERESPAÇO E CONTEÚDO OFENSIVO GERADO POR TERCEIROS: A PROTEÇÃO DOS DIREITOS DE PERSONALIDADE E A RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO CIVIL DOS PROVEDORES DE APLICAÇÃO, À LUZ DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DO SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA
Authors: Colombo Cristiano , Neto Eugênio Facchini
Published: February 2018

O estudo busca, em sua primeira parte, refletir sobre as características do ciberespaço, destacando sua enorme contribuição para a expansão do exercício da liberdade de expressão, aumentando os níveis da comunicação a patamares nunca antes visto. Diante da escassez de filtros a tal exercício, passou-se a perceber a ocorrência de danos a direitos de personalidade, especialmente honra, imagem e privacidade, em razão de postagens e manifestações nas plataformas virtuais, ofensivas a direitos de terceiros. Um dos objetivos do presente estudo é justamente analisar qual a resposta dos ordenamentos jurídicos para possibilitar a compatibilização do exercício da liberdade de expressão sem censura, com o resguardo dos direitos de terceiros eventualmente atingidos por tal exercício. Na segunda parte, foca-se mais especificamente sobre a aplicação ao tema do instituto da responsabilidade civil e da evolução que sofreu nesse contexto, passando de objetiva, para vicária, e, atualmente, subjetiva. Essa análise será feita principalmente a partir da análise de julgados do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, identificando-se cinco acórdãos paradigmáticos, envolvendo questões distintas, que contribuem para a construção do tratamento jurídico do tema em comento. Concluir-se-á que o STJ, com uma jurisprudência estável, vem conseguindo compatibilizar razoavelmente o exercício sem censura da liberdade de expressão no mundo virtual com o resguardo dos direitos de personalidade de eventuais prejudicados por tal exercício. Quanto à metodologia, a abordagem da pesquisa foi teórica, exploratória e descritiva. Como procedimento técnico, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, nacional e estrangeira, bem como jurisprudencial.
A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL PELOS ATOS AUTÔNOMOS DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL: NOTAS INICIAIS SOBRE A RESOLUÇÃO DO PARLAMENTO EUROPEU
Authors: Pires Thatiane Cristina Fontão , Peteffi da Silva Rafael
Published: February 2018

O desenvolvimento da tecnologia da Inteligência Artificial (IA) está conferindo a computadores a capacidade de aprender e atuar de forma autônoma, ou seja, independente de uma instrução específica de um ser humano. A partir desse cenário, apresenta-se o problema da imputação de responsabilidade por danos causados pelos atos autônomos da IA, através do método dedutivo e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Para tanto, delimita-se o conceito de IA, as suas principais características, bem como exemplos atuais da sua aplicação e dos possíveis riscos e danos que dela possam derivar. Na segunda parte do artigo, passa-se à análise do debate que vem sendo travado no cenário da União Europeia, registrado recentemente na Resolução do Parlamento Europeu, de 16 de fevereiro de 2017, com recomendações à Comissão de Direito Civil sobre Robótica (2015/2103(INL)). O exame terá como enfoque as disposições da resolução relacionadas com a responsabilidade civil pelos danos causados pelos atos autônomos da IA, contrapondo-se, quando possível, a abordagem conferida pela doutrina estrangeira, nas teorias da IA como ferramenta, com a consequente responsabilidade do usuário ou proprietário, da responsabilidade pelo produto e da responsabilidade objetiva pela gestão de riscos. O exame proposto permite concluir que a resolução europeia trata das teorias de forma complementar, com preponderância da intenção de se aplicar a responsabilidade objetiva daquele que está mais bem colocado para minimizar os riscos e oferecer garantias e de estabelecer a adoção de um seguro obrigatório para absorver os riscos.
MEDIDA PROVISÓRIA E CONTROLE DE CONSTITUCIONALIDADE: RELEVÂNCIA, URGÊNCIA E PERTINÊNCIA TEMÁTICA
Authors: Oliveira Clarice G. , Amaral Júnior José Levi Mello do
Published: February 2018

Este artigo aborda a medida provisória sob a ótica do controle de constitucionalidade, tratando dos principais julgados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal que definiram o entendimento jurisprudencial sobre dois pontos cruciais dessa espécie normativa: i) reconhecimento da faculdade precípua do Poder Executivo julgar a relevância e a urgência quando da edição da medida provisória, mas sem prejuízo da eventual revisão judicial; e ii) inconstitucionalidade das emendas sem pertinência temática com o texto original incorporadas no projeto de lei de conversão. A análise do posicionamento da Corte tem por base as declarações proferidas em Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade, com destaque para ADI 2.213-MC, ADI 2.150/DF, ADI 4.048/DF e ADI 5.127/DF, enfatizando os termos dos Acórdãos e os principais argumentos que embasam as decisões. A pesquisa não contempla análise minuciosa de cada ação que transita no Tribunal relacionada com edição de medida provisória, mas, sim, procede a uma seleção para destacar casos emblemáticos que estabeleceram um padrão para a consolidação da jurisprudência na matéria. A importância do tema justifica-se pelo impacto que a legiferação de urgência possui no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, sobretudo no que se refere ao respectivo volume, cenário que se mantém razoavelmente constante há décadas, e as implicações da jurisdição constitucional. Dessa forma, os esclarecimentos procedimentais que vem sendo feitos sobre a importância do cumprimento dos requisitos formais para a edição e a tramitação de medida provisória operam no sentido de limitar, de alguma forma, o uso do instituto em prol da preservação dos mandamentos constitucionais que orientam a democracia brasileira.
Rethinking Western perceptions of Indigenous knowledge and economy
Authors: Menyhart Alex
Published: February 2018

This paper argues that the preservation and reclamation of Indigenous Knowledge is essential to the economic advancement of Indigenous Australians.
Facing national historical guilt in teaching history: a comparison between Australia and Germany
Authors: Wortmann Hanna Rosalie
Published: February 2018

Both Australia and Germany look back on a poignant past full of unprecedented cruelty. However, the way of dealing with this past and with the national historical guilt associated with it seemingly differs. This difference becomes particularly apparent in the way their own history is taught in these two countries.
A quantitative approach to evaluating the GWP timescale through implicit discount rates
Authors: Sarofim Marcus C. , Giordano Michael R.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP) is the primary metric used to compare the climate impacts of different greenhouse gases (GHGs). The GWP relies on radiative forcing rather than damages, assumes constant future concentrations, and integrates over a timescale of 100 years without discounting: these choices lead to a metric which is transparent and simple to calculate, but have also been criticized. In this paper, we take a quantitative approach to evaluating the choice of time-horizon, accounting for many of these complicating factors. By calculating an equivalent GWP timescale based on discounted damages resulting from CH4 and CO2 pulses, we show that a 100-year timescale is consistent with a discount rate of 3.3 % (interquartile range of 2.7 % to 4.1 % in a sensitivity analysis). This range of discount rates is consistent with, or larger than, those usually considered for climate impact analyses. With increasing discount rates equivalent timescales decrease. We recognize the limitations of evaluating metrics by relying only on climate impact equivalencies without consideration of the economic and political implications of metric implementation.
Dynamic response of Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet to collapse of
Larsen C and George VI ice shelves
Authors: Schannwell Clemens , Cornford Stephen , Pollard David , Barrand Nicholas Edward
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Ice shelf break-up and disintegration events over the past several decades have led to speed-up, thinning, and retreat of upstream tributary glaciers and increases to rates of global sea-level rise. The southward progression of these episodes indicates a climatic cause, and in turn suggests that the larger Larsen C and George VI ice shelves may undergo similar collapse in future. However, the extent to which removal of Larsen C and George VI ice shelves will affect upstream tributary glaciers and add to global sea levels is unknown. Here we apply numerical ice-sheet models of varying complexity to show that the centennial sea-level commitment of Larsen C embayment glaciers following immediate shelf collapse is low (
La ideología de la inseguridad en la Argentina actual
Authors: Catanzaro Gisela , Seghezzo Gabriela , Elisalde Sebastian
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo aborda críticamente la construcción actual del problema de la(in)seguridad, a partir de los resultados arrojados por una encuesta realizada en elmarco de la investigación “Problemas de la democracia argentina en el período de lapost-convertibilidad. Transformaciones socio-económicas y reconfiguraciones ideológicas”,teniendo como trasfondo el horizonte más amplio de una interrogación sobrelos dilemas enfrentados por nuestras democracias en la contemporaneidad. De nuestralectura surge que la “inseguridad” constituye hoy menos el término con el cual sedescribe la realidad de un incremento del delito, que una figura ideológica cuyo sentidose estructura en, por y a través de las relaciones que mantiene con un conjuntode posiciones relativas a la valoración de la política, del orden y el conflicto, de lasjerarquías sociales y la autoridad. En esa línea, el trabajo indaga la manera en que laconfiguración actual de la (in)seguridad podría poner en jaque a una posible sociabilidaddemocrática hoy.
Cultura policial e adolescente suspeito – a normalização na Gerência de Polícia em Recife
Authors: Babini Lapa do Amaral Machado Érica , Sobral Neto Murilo , Lira Pires Iana
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho discute representações sociais das polícias no momento da lavraturado auto de prisão em flagrante de adolescentes em conflito com a lei. O produto foiobtido por observação etnográfica, a partir da problematização levantada por marcosteóricos da criminologia crítica e da sociologia criminal, em que se teve como hipótesea ideia de que, se a criminalização é um processo de rotulação e se as polícias, emgeral, são instituições desacreditadas jurídica e socialmente, mas que delas a populaçãodemanda segurança pública, outra conclusão não poderia ser extraída senão a de queos agentes dessas instituições não respeitam a legalidade e atuam de maneira arbitrária,no sentido de executar os padrões de normalidade que a sociedade estabelece e,consequentemente, reafirmar sua importância social. Neste sentido, estaria orientadaa construção social do adolescente suspeito.
Políticas públicas e linguagem: o papel das definições oficiais para a construção das capacidades estatais
Authors: Moretti Bruno , Bernardo Bandeira de Melo Elton
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho, de natureza teórica e metodológica, é demonstrar que a abordagem das capacidades estatais deve apreender o campo burocrático também em sua dimensão simbólica. Considera-se que os atos de Estado, segundo a teoria de Pierre Bourdieu, constroem princípios de visão e divisão universalmente reconhecidos, produzindo efeitos sobre a realidade social. Será mostrado que os agentes estatais concentram poder simbólico pelo qual elaboram a linguagem da ordem pública e produzem proposições universais que definem, em interação com outros agentes, um espaço de possíveis para as políticas públicas, com instrumentos que só existem baseados num corpo de definições reconhecidas do interesse comum. Conclui-se que as capacidades estatais dependem da distribuição de poderes entre os agentes para criar definições legítimas, articulando séries de representações sociais e instrumentos de ação socialmente autorizados como práticas públicas.
Porous Boundary and Power Politics: Contextual Constraints of Organisation Development Change Projects in United Nations Organisations
Authors: Saner Raymond , Yiu Lichia
Published: February 2018

Organization Development (OD) Practitioners working within the United Nations (UN) system encounter difficulties because of ill-defined organisational structures, multiple political interferences (external and internal), cross-cultural value differences of UN staff, and different management practices of UN Agency leadership best described as “porous boundaries.” This article introduces and defines porous boundaries, shows its relation to power politics frequently used in UN agencies, and discusses the role of the OD consultant who needs to adjust his consulting approach to match these environmental challenges.
Revising the Treatment of Anxiety
Authors: Shub Norman F.
Published: February 2018

This paper attempts to revisit the experiential treatment of anxiety issues. Positing the importance of “safety” as a fundamental life experience, the paper explores the development and defusion of the negative introjects that form when safety is either not developed or interfered with.
Regularity and Green's Relations for Generalized Semigroups of Transformations with Invariant Set
Authors: Sun Lei
Published: February 2018

Let ${\cal T}_X$ be the full transformation semigroup on a set $X$.For $Y\subseteq X$, the semigroup $S(X,Y) =\{ f\in {\cal T}_X: f(Y)\subseteq Y\}$ is a subsemigroup of ${\cal T}_ X $. Fix an element $\theta\in S(X,Y)$ and for $f,g\in S(X,Y)$, define a new operation $*$ on $S(X,Y)$ by $f* g=f\theta g$ where $f\theta g$ denotes the produce of $g,\theta$ and $f$ in the original sense. Under this operation, the semigroup $S(X,Y)$ forms a semigroup which is called generalized semigroup of $S(X,Y)$ with the sandwich function $\theta$ and denoted by $S(X,Y,*_\theta)$. In this paper we first characterize the regular elements and then describe Green's relations for the semigroup $S(X,Y,*_\theta)$.
SOME RESULTS OF THE STUDY ON SIBERIAN FIR (ABIES SIBIRICA LEDEB) GROWN IN THE NURSERY OPEN FIELD AND GREENHOUSE
Authors: Ch Oyun , J Bat-Erdene
Published: February 2018

The present study aims to investigate growth dynamics of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb) saplings and determine their development stages. Siberian fir seeds were planted in the open field and in the greenhouse at narrow-row spacing (10x5x15x5x15x5x15x5x15x5x10) with 1200 saplings selected as random samples. Climate of a given region is mainly affected by interrelated factors such as geographic location, ray of sunlight, atmospheric cycle and ground surface. Therefore, the study determines air temperature, precipitation, humidity, air heat and dynamics of saplings. The study also suggests that there are seven stages of growth of saplings and starting from the eighth stage, saplings reach 2 years old. Because this is the first study on growing Siberian firs directly from seeds in forest-steppe zone in Mongolia, it determines growth dynamics and development stages of 1-3 years old saplings and would serve as the basis for further studies on Siberian firs.
OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS OF FUNCTIONAL DURABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF ROAD TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
Authors: Krupska Joanna , Mytlewski Adam
Published: February 2018

Durability and efficiency are important conditions for long-term operation ofroad transport companies. In the operating aspect, the first parameter determines the quality of the manufacturing capacity and the ability to provide repetitive transport processes. The second parameter affects the long-term ability to use resources and the subsequent results of operations. The conducted study on stability and efficiency of the operating systems of road companies indicates the existence of, on the one hand, a large variation of approaches, and on the other, a clear dominance of intense and efficient behaviour in combination with ensuring the repetitiveness of processes.
Fine‐Tune System Operations for Lead and Copper Rule Compliance
Authors: Ghosh Amlan
Published: February 2018

Water systems can reduce lead and copper corrosion through corrosion control treatment and proper system operations, even ahead of large‐scale capital improvement projects such as lead service line replacements.
On Algorithms Employing Treewidth for $L$-bounded Cut Problems
Authors: Kolman Petr
Published: February 2018

Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ with two distinguished vertices $s,t\in V$ and an
integer parameter $L>0$, an $L$-bounded cut is a subset $F$ of edges
(vertices) such that the every path between $s$ and $t$ in $G\setminus F$ has
length more than $L$. The task is to find an $L$-bounded cut of minimum
cardinality.

Though the problem is very simple to state and has been studied since the
beginning of the 70's, it is not much understood yet. The problem is known to
be $\cal{NP}$-hard to approximate within a small constant factor even for
$L\geq 4$ (for $L\geq 5$ for the vertex-deletion version).
On the other hand, the best known approximation algorithm for general graphs has approximation ratio only
$\mathcal{O}({n^{2/3}})$ in the edge case, and $\mathcal{O}({\sqrt{n}})$ in the
vertex case, where $n$ denotes the number of vertices.

We show that for planar graphs, it is possible to solve both the edge- and the
vertex-deletion version of the problem optimally in $\mathcal{O}((L+2)^{3L}n)$
time. That is, the problem is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) with respect to
$L$ on planar graphs. Furthermore, we show that the problem remains FPT even
for bounded genus graphs, a super class of planar graphs.

Our second contribution deals with approximations of the vertex-deletion version of the
problem. We describe an algorithm that for a given graph $G$, its tree
decomposition of width $\tau$ and vertices $s$ and $t$ computes a
$\tau$-approximation of the minimum $L$-bounded $s-t$ vertex cut;
if the decomposition is not given, then the approximation ratio
is $\mathcal{O}(\tau \sqrt{\log \tau})$.
For graphs with treewidth bounded by $\mathcal{O}(n^{1/2-\epsilon})$ for any
$\epsilon>0$, but not by a constant, this is the best approximation in terms
of $n$ that we are aware of.
Déni et ignorance de l’historicité autochtone dans l’histoire de l’art occidentale
Authors: Uzel Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2018

Western art history long refused to recognize the historicity of Indigenous art, seeing it instead as a “primitive” mode of human expression. While the dynamism of Indigenous creation since the 1960s has made such an assertion impossible, the institutional recognition given contemporary Indigenous art in the art world is paradoxically accompanied by a lack of critical and theoretical analysis. Today, there is a genuine ignorance concerning Indigenous conceptions of history — their “regime of historicity”— on the part of Western art historians. This is all the more surprising given the recent “temporal turn” taken by the discipline, which emphasizes the question of mixed temporalities without acknowledging it as an essential dimension of Indigenous art. This paper revisits Western art history’s long-standing denial of the historicity of Indigenous art, and then considers its current disregard for the ways Indigenous art allows different forms of temporality to coexist. The underlying thesis of the essay is that today’s disinterest is, in fact, a prolongation of yesterday’s denial.
The last common ancestor of animals lacked the HIF pathway and respired in low-oxygen environments
Authors: Mills Daniel B , Francis Warren R , Vargas Sergio , Larsen Morten , Elemans Coen PH , Canfield Donald E , Wörheide Gert
Published: February 2018

Animals have a carefully orchestrated relationship with oxygen. When exposed to low environmental oxygen concentrations, and during periods of increased energy expenditure, animals maintain cellular oxygen homeostasis by enhancing internal oxygen delivery, and by enabling the anaerobic production of ATP. These low-oxygen responses are thought to be controlled universally across animals by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). We find, however, that sponge and ctenophore genomes lack key components of the HIF pathway. Since sponges and ctenophores are likely sister to all remaining animal phyla, the last common ancestor of extant animals likely lacked the HIF pathway as well. Laboratory experiments show that the marine sponge Tethya wilhelma maintains normal transcription under oxygen levels down to 0.25% of modern atmospheric saturation, the lowest levels we investigated, consistent with the predicted absence of HIF or any other HIF-like pathway. Thus, the last common ancestor of all living animals could have metabolized aerobically under very low environmental oxygen concentrations.
R-spondins can potentiate WNT signaling without LGRs
Authors: Lebensohn Andres M , Rohatgi Rajat
Published: February 2018

The WNT signaling pathway regulates patterning and morphogenesis during development and promotes tissue renewal and regeneration in adults. The R-spondin (RSPO) family of four secreted proteins, RSPO1-4, amplifies target cell sensitivity to WNT ligands by increasing WNT receptor levels. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptors (LGRs) 4-6 are considered obligate high-affinity receptors for RSPOs. We discovered that RSPO2 and RSPO3, but not RSPO1 or RSPO4, can potentiate WNT/β-catenin signaling in the absence of all three LGRs. By mapping the domains on RSPO3 that are necessary and sufficient for this activity, we show that the requirement for LGRs is dictated by the interaction between RSPOs and the ZNRF3/RNF43 E3 ubiquitin ligases and that LGR-independent signaling depends on heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). We propose that RSPOs can potentiate WNT signals through distinct mechanisms that differ in their use of either LGRs or HSPGs, with implications for understanding their biological functions.
Moving to 3D: relationships between coral planar area, surface area and volume
Authors: House Jenny E. , Brambilla Viviana , Bidaut Luc M. , Christie Alec P. , Pizarro Oscar , Madin Joshua S. , Dornelas Maria
Published: February 2018

Coral reefs are a valuable and vulnerable marine ecosystem. The structure of coral reefs influences their health and ability to fulfill ecosystem functions and services. However, monitoring reef corals largely relies on 1D or 2D estimates of coral cover and abundance that overlook change in ecologically significant aspects of the reefs because they do not incorporate vertical or volumetric information. This study explores the relationship between 2D and 3D metrics of coral size. We show that surface area and volume scale consistently with planar area, albeit with morphotype specific conversion parameters. We use a photogrammetric approach using open-source software to estimate the ability of photogrammetry to provide measurement estimates of corals in 3D. Technological developments have made photogrammetry a valid and practical technique for studying coral reefs. We anticipate that these techniques for moving coral research from 2D into 3D will facilitate answering ecological questions by incorporating the 3rd dimension into monitoring.
Snow Sublimation in Mountain Environments and Its Sensitivity to Forest Disturbance and Climate Warming
Authors: Sexstone Graham A. , Clow David W. , Fassnacht Steven R. , Liston Glen E. , Hiemstra Christopher A. , Knowles John F. , Penn Colin A.
Published: February 2018

Snow sublimation is an important component of the snow mass balance, but the spatial and temporal variability of this process is not well understood in mountain environments. This study combines a process‐based snow model (SnowModel) with eddy covariance (EC) measurements to investigate (1) the spatio‐temporal variability of simulated snow sublimation with respect to station observations, (2) the contribution of snow sublimation to the ablation of the snowpack, and (3) the sensitivity and response of snow sublimation to bark beetle‐induced forest mortality and climate warming across the north‐central Colorado Rocky Mountains. EC‐based observations of snow sublimation compared well with simulated snow sublimation at stations dominated by surface and canopy sublimation, but blowing snow sublimation in alpine areas was not well captured by the EC instrumentation. Water balance calculations provided an important validation of simulated sublimation at the watershed scale. Simulated snow sublimation across the study area was equivalent to 28% of winter precipitation on average, and the highest relative snow sublimation fluxes occurred during the lowest snow years. Snow sublimation from forested areas accounted for the majority of sublimation fluxes, highlighting the importance of canopy and sub‐canopy surface sublimation in this region. Simulations incorporating the effects of tree mortality due to bark‐beetle disturbance resulted in a 4% reduction in snow sublimation from forested areas. Snow sublimation rates corresponding to climate warming simulations remained unchanged or slightly increased, but total sublimation losses decreased by up to 6% because of a reduction in snow covered area and duration.
The Effect of Wettability Heterogeneity on Relative Permeability of Two‐Phase Flow in Porous Media: A Lattice Boltzmann Study
Authors: Zhao Jianlin , Kang Qinjun , Yao Jun , Viswanathan Hari , Pawar Rajesh , Zhang Lei , Sun Hai
Published: February 2018

Relative permeability is a critical parameter characterizing multiphase flow in porous media and it is strongly dependent on the wettability. In many situations, the porous media are nonuniformly wet. To investigate the effect of wettability heterogeneity on relative permeability of two‐phase flow in porous media, a multi‐relaxation‐time color‐gradient lattice Boltzmann model is adopted to simulate oil/water two‐phase flow in porous media with different oil‐wet solid fractions. For the water phase, when the water saturation is high, the relative permeability of water increases with the increase of oil‐wet solid fraction under a constant water saturation. However, as the water saturation decreases to an intermediate value (about 0.4–0.7), the relative permeability of water in fractionally wet porous media could be lower than that in purely water‐wet porous media, meaning additional flow resistance exists in the fractionally wet porous media. For the oil phase, similar phenomenon is observed. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the wettability‐related microscale fluid distribution. According to both our simulation results and theoretical analysis, it is found that the relative permeability of two‐phase flow in porous media is strongly related to three parameters: the fluid saturation, the specific interfacial length of fluid, and the fluid tortuosity in the flow direction. The relationship between the relative permeability and these parameters under different capillary numbers is explored in this paper.
Profiling expression of coding genes, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA in lung adenocarcinoma by ribosomal RNA‐depleted RNA sequencing
Authors: Ding Xiangxiang , Zhang Shuai , Li Xiao , Feng Changjiang , Huang Qi , Wang Shaodong , Wang Siwei , Xia Wenjia , Yang Fan , Yin Rong , Xu Lin , Qiu Mantang , Li Ming , Wang Jun
Published: February 2018

Noncoding RNA play important roles in various biological processes and diseases, including cancer. The expression profile of circular RNA (circRNA) has not been systematically investigated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In this study, we performed genomewide transcriptome profiling of coding genes, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and circRNA in paired LUAD and nontumor tissues by ribosomal RNA‐depleted RNA sequencing. The detected reads were first mapped to the human genome to analyze expression of coding genes and lncRNA, while the unmapped reads were subjected to a circRNA prediction algorithm to identify circRNA candidates. We identified 1282 differentially expressed coding genes in LUAD. Expression of 19 023 lncRNA was detected, of which 244 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in LUAD. AFAP1‐AS1, BLACAT1, LOC101928245, and FENDRR were most differentially expressed lncRNAs in LUAD. Also identified were 9340 circRNA candidates with ≥ 2 backspliced, including 3590 novel circRNA transcripts. The median length of circRNA was ~ 530 nt. CircRNA are often of low abundance, and more than half of circRNAs we identified had < 10 reads. Agarose electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm that four candidate circRNA were truly circular. Our results characterized the expression profile of coding genes, lncRNA, and circRNA in LUAD; 9340 circRNAs were detected, demonstrating that circRNA are widely expressed in LUAD.

Database

The raw RNA sequencing data have been submitted to Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and can be accessed with the ID GEO: GSE104854.
Solid‐State Light Emission Controlled by Tuning the Hierarchical Superstructure of Self‐Assembled Luminogens
Authors: Kim Dae‐Yoon , Koo Jahyeon , Lim Seok‐In , Jeong Kwang‐Un
Published: February 2018

Solid‐state luminescence is an important strategy for color generation via molecular self‐assembly. Here, a new luminogen (AT3EMIS) containing both a rigid chromophore and a flexible dendron is designed and synthesized for multicolor emission. The emission energy of the target material is precisely controlled by adjusting three different columnar arrays through thermal and mechanical stimulation. With well‐defined supramolecular organizations in different length scales, the luminescent properties of the light switch can be tuned.
A Plasmonic Sensor Array with Ultrahigh Figures of Merit and Resonance Linewidths down to 3 nm
Authors: Liu Bowen , Chen Shu , Zhang Jiancheng , Yao Xu , Zhong Jinhui , Lin Haixin , Huang Tengxiang , Yang Zhilin , Zhu Jinfeng , Liu Shou , Lienau Christoph , Wang Lei , Ren Bin
Published: February 2018

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are extremely sensitive to the surrounding refractive index and have found important applications in ultrasensitive label‐free sensing. Reducing the linewidth of an SPP mode is an effective way to improve the figure of merit (FOM) and hence the sensitivity of the plasmonic mode. Many efforts have been devoted to achieving a narrow linewidth by mode coupling, which inevitably results in an asymmetrical lineshape compromising the performance. Instead, the SPP modes are directly narrowed by elaborately engineering periodic plasmonic structures with minimized feature sizes to effectively reduce the radiative losses. A narrow linewidth smaller than 8 nm is achieved over a wide wavelength ranging from 600 to 960 nm and a minimum full width at half maximum of 3 nm at 960 nm. Benefiting from the almost perfect Lorentzian lineshape and the extremely narrow linewidth, a record FOM value of 730 is obtained. The sensor is capable of detecting bovine serum albumin with an ultralow concentration of 10−10m. The sensor has great potential for practical application for its ultrahigh FOM, broad working wavelength, and ease of high‐throughput fabrication.
Mixed Valence Perovskite Cs2Au2I6: A Potential Material for Thin‐Film Pb‐Free Photovoltaic Cells with Ultrahigh Efficiency
Authors: Debbichi Lamjed , Lee Songju , Cho Hyunyoung , Rappe Andrew M. , Hong Ki‐Ha , Jang Min Seok , Kim Hyungjun
Published: February 2018

New light is shed on the previously known perovskite material, Cs2Au2I6, as a potential active material for high‐efficiency thin‐film Pb‐free photovoltaic cells. First‐principles calculations demonstrate that Cs2Au2I6 has an optimal band gap that is close to the Shockley–Queisser value. The band gap size is governed by intermediate band formation. Charge disproportionation on Au makes Cs2Au2I6 a double‐perovskite material, although it is stoichiometrically a single perovskite. In contrast to most previously discussed double perovskites, Cs2Au2I6 has a direct‐band‐gap feature, and optical simulation predicts that a very thin layer of active material is sufficient to achieve a high photoconversion efficiency using a polycrystalline film layer. The already confirmed synthesizability of this material, coupled with the state‐of‐the‐art multiscale simulations connecting from the material to the device, strongly suggests that Cs2Au2I6 will serve as the active material in highly efficient, nontoxic, and thin‐film perovskite solar cells in the very near future.
Visible Light‐Mediated Coupling of Thioureas and 1,3‐Dicarbonyls: Towards a Leaving Group‐Free Synthesis of Aminothiazoles
Authors: Roslan Irwan Iskandar , Ng Kian‐Hong , Gondal Mohammed Ashraf , Basheer Chanbasha , Dastageer Mohamed A. , Jaenicke Stephan , Chuah Gaik‐Khuan
Published: February 2018

A synthesis of aminothiazoles from various 1,3‐dicarbonyls and thioureas without a leaving group has been developed. The reaction is photocatalyzed by tetraiodofluorescein, an organic dye. Under irradiation with green LEDs, a sulfur radical is generated in situ from thiourea, followed by addition to the enol tautomer, forming the aminothiazole backbone. This novel strategy provides a greener alternative to the traditional leaving group protocols, with excellent atom economy.

magnified image
Nanoceria‐Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Amides through the Reduction of an Unusual Class of α‐Keto Amides
Authors: Mishra Ashish A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: February 2018

Herein, we report the preparation of a heterogeneous, efficient, and recyclable ceria nanosphere (NS) catalyst, which was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis with oxalic acid as a capping agent. The morphology and thermal stability of the catalyst were studied by using SEM, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This nanoceria catalyst was used for the chemoselective hydrogenation of deactivated α‐keto amides by using NaBH4. This reaction did not work in the absence of the nanoceria catalyst. A series of substituted hydroxy amides were prepared in very good yields with low catalyst loading.