bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the energy-capturing characteristics of floats for point absorption wave energy generators
Authors: Li Yongguo , Qin Can , Du Jie , Zheng Dingjian , Zhu Qiuying
Published: September 2022

In this study, based on four common float shapes, the factors affecting the energy-capturing characteristics of floats are determined using mathematical models of floats moving in waves. By using the orthogonal experimental method and AQWA hydrodynamics simulations, the influence degrees of different factors on the float capture width ratio were determined through the range analysis. Based on the frequency-domain conditions, the variation trends in the float energy-capturing characteristics are summarized, and the relationships between the float energy-capturing characteristics and the resonance frequency and wave force are discussed. It was concluded that the energy-capturing characteristics of slender cylindrical floats were better at the resonance frequency, and the wave force acting on the float is not the most powerful basis to judge the energy-capturing characteristics of the float. This study’s conclusions provide some reference for the design and optimization of floats.

Graphical abstract

In this study, the energy-capturing characteristics of floats in a point absorption wave energy generator under the action of multiple factors are studied. At a higher draft depth, a “slender” float shape had a larger capture width ratio. The wave force received by the float could not be the basis for determining the float energy-capturing characteristics.
Rosa davurica inhibits skin photoaging via regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in UVB-irradiated HaCaTs
Authors: Fang Minzhe , Lee Hyun-Myung , Oh Sarang , Zheng Shengdao , Bellere A. D. , Kim Minseon , Choi Junhui , Kim Myeongju , Yu Duna , Yi Tae-Hoo
Published: September 2022

Rosa davurica is widely used to treat various kinds of diseases because of its high antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. This use of plant-based materials as medicine is called phytomedicine and has been widely practiced since time immemorial. However, the pharmacological mechanism of R. davurica in skin photoaging is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the recovery effects of R. davurica leaf extracts (RDE) in UVB-irradiated human skin keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and investigate whether RDE is a potential therapeutic agent against skin photoaging. The expression of aging-related markers including mitogen-activated protein kinases/activator protein 1 (MAPK/AP-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) was evaluated using Western blot analysis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also used by FACS in HaCaTs. Findings indicated that RDE is efficient in scavenging free radicals and dose-dependently reducing ROS generation. Furthermore, RDE notably decreased UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression through inhibition of MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways as well as induced blocking of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in UVB-irradiated HaCaTs. In addition, RDE improved Nrf2/HO-1 signaling that increases oxidative defense capacity and enhances transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling activation to promote procollagen type I synthesis, relieving UVB-induced skin cell damage. In conclusion, the protective effects of RDE on skin cellular components suggest that it has a high biological potential for skin protection from UVB-induced skin photoaging and is a good candidate for drug and cosmetic application.

Graphical abstract
A survey study on knowledge and attitude towards pain management and associated factors among emergency Nurses,2021. Multi-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Admassie Belete Muluadam , Ferede Yonas Admasu , Lema Girmay Fitiwi , Ayen Biresaw
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background

Poor knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding pain may contribute to inadequate pain management. Nurses, as the primary caregivers in the emergency department, should have adequate knowledge and a good attitude towards pain management. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitude towards pain management and other factors among emergency nurses.

Methods

A multi-center, institutional based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 153 nurses from May 01 to May 30, Ethiopia, 2021. Self–completed survey questionnaires were distributed using a modified and validated ‘Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP)’ tool and analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the characteristics of the participants, and the results were prepared using narrations, percentages, and tables. To demonstrate the strength of the association, the crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio with the corresponding 95% CI were calculated. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant after multivariate analysis.

Result

The mean percentage score of knowledge and attitude towards pain management was 52.8% (SD = 13). Prior pain management, training, and years of work experience as an emergency nurse were associated with good pain management knowledge and attitude.

Conclusion and recommendations

The level of knowledge and attitude of emergency nurses toward pain management were poor. So, we suggest all stakeholders who participate in nursing education work together to educate nurses to a higher level of education and deliver pain management training to enhance their knowledge and attitude towards pain management.

Highlights
On transonic boundary-layer receptivity over a vibrating flat plate coated with a thin liquid film
Authors: Khoshsepehr F. , Ruban A.I.
Published: September 2022

In this paper we study the generation of Tollmien–Schlichting waves initiated by vibrations of a wall where the wall is coated with a thin liquid film in a transonic flow regime. Motion of fluids are described by the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations assuming the Reynolds number is large. To find asymptotic solutions of the transonic boundary layer, we conduct an inspection analysis on the affine transformations of the triple-deck model for a subsonic flow and the unsteady full potential equations, with the intention of obtaining the order quantity of the free-stream Mach number in the transonic flow. We construct a modified triple-deck model for the transonic flow by considering the scalings of the perturbations that lead to the viscous–inviscid interaction problem for the flow in a subsonic regime. In particular, we are interested in the region where the subsonic scalings become invalid as the flow approaches transonic regime. We assume the wall oscillates in the vertical direction to the oncoming flow and these vibrations are periodic in time. We outline the process where the flow in the boundary layer converts the wall vibration perturbations into the instability modes which are measured by the receptivity coefficient. The viscous–inviscid interaction problem describes the stability of the boundary layer on the lower branch of the neutral curve. We show that the governing equations for the air viscous sublayer and the film flow are quasi-steady. The equation describing the inviscid layer of the airflow is unsteady and its referred to as the unsteady Kàrmàn–Guderley equation. The influence of the film surface tension is expressed through normal shear stress condition at the interface. We present an analytic formula for the amplitude of the Tollmien–Schlichting waves that are formed in the boundary layer. We analysed our model with different values of surface tension, initial film thickness and Kàrmàn–Guderley parameter. Depending on the value of these parameters, the initial amplitude of the instability waves may grow or decay.
Strong and weak tie homophily in adolescent friendship networks: An analysis of same-race and same-gender ties
Authors: McMillan Cassie
Published: September 2022

While we know that adolescents tend to befriend peers who share their race and gender, it is unclear whether patterns of homophily vary according to the strength, intimacy, or connectedness of these relationships. By applying valued exponential random graph models to a sample of 153 adolescent friendship networks, I test whether tendencies towards same-race and same-gender friendships differ for strong versus weak relational ties. In nondiverse, primarily white networks, weak ties are more likely to connect same-race peers, while racial homophily is not associated with the formation of stronger friendships. As racial diversity increases, however, strong ties become more likely to connect same-race peers, while weaker bonds are less apt to be defined by racial homophily. Gender homophily defines the patterns of all friendship ties, but these tendencies are more pronounced for weaker connections. My results highlight the empirical value of considering tie strength when examining social processes in adolescent networks.
A legislative view
Authors: Picken J.
Published: September 2022

One of my responsibilities is the day-to-day supervision of the various pilot examiner authorisations issued by CAA. These authorisations permit the holder to carry out various tests pursuant to Sch. 9 of the ANO. (For the benefit of those who think that Sch. 9 has something to do with income tax let me hasten to add that Sch. 9 lays down the requirements for licence certificates of test—aircraft type tests and instrument rating renewals.)

As you are aware ever increasing numbers of those Sch. 9 tests are conducted on simulators, or more correctly—simulators approved for that purpose. This creates two areas of input from CAA—approval of the device and authorisation of the examiner. The former is normally approved annually and the latter every three years.
Licensing and training
Authors: Lavery G. T.
Published: September 2022

When we talk of a flight simulator, we naturally contemplate something which is artificial, something which is inferior to the real thing—a substitute for the real aeroplane. There is a danger, therefore, that we might also think of the flight simulator instructor in the same terms —that he is someone who is inferior to the real thing, the flight instructor. Nothing could be farther from the truth.

The flight simulator instructor needs to be a flight instructor who is additionally qualified to instruct on the simulator. He is therefore someone who is superior to just a flight instructor.
Simulator training for public transport
Authors: Hollis R.
Published: September 2022

I am engaged in operating the B 737 mainly in Europe and my employer has utilised another operator's 737 flight simulator with three axis motion for some eight years for the purpose of training. Currently we are using a six-axis motion moving base 737 flight simulator with computer generated image visual attachment.

During this period the ratio of simulator to aircraft training for type conversion has changed progressively from 6 hours simulator and 12 hours aircraft initially, to approximately 32 hours simulator and 3 hours aircraft currently. Similarly the checking pattern has changed from using the simulator for the I/R and one competency check annually to the current practice of completing all refresher training, regulatory authority check requirements and some aspects of command training on the simulator.
The role of synthetic training in general aviation
Authors: Nicholl J.
Published: September 2022

Since the days of the first Link Trainer, flight trainers have played a small part in the initial training of most military and commercial pilots. The elementary types of trainer have been used successfully to teach new pilots the basics of instrument flying and subsequently how to fly instrument procedures on SBA, Radio Range, non-directional beacons, VOR and ILS.

Quite a lot of thought has been given from time to time to the possibility of extending the role of the trainer, for use as a pre-flight trainer perhaps, or to reduce the total amount of in-flight training and experience required for the issue of a licence.
An airline view
Authors: Cowell J.
Published: September 2022

In the beginning was the Link Trainer! It was from the Link Trainer that the simulator as we know it today descended. When the simulator was first introduced into airline service it was to some degree treated as a novelty. Instructors on the simulators fell into two categories—they were either in the minority, Link Trainer instructors, but in the main the fleet instructors from the aircraft types. They were ex-service RAF, Navy and CFS trained and they adapated themselves to the new form of aptitude tests. It is perhaps interesting that we look back over a quarter of a century to the time that BOAC, as it was, acquired its first simulator.
RAF flight simulator instructor selection and training
Authors: Richard D. M.
Published: September 2022

I propose to outline the Royal Air Force approach to flight simulator instructor training and indicate our intention regarding the pattern of pre-employment training of future simulator instructors. As you know the instructor task had its origins in the Link Trainer and perhaps there grew into being a ‘Link’ mentality which saw the ‘Box’ as suitable employment for aged or unfit aircrew who, through no fault of their own, had to be put out to pasture. This approach was accepted largely because simulators were regarded mainly as procedural trainers requiring only routine supervision and little originality in training methods.
Atmospheric turbulence loads on aircraft
Authors: Taylor J.
Published: September 2022

The problem of flying in rough air has been appreciated since aircraft were first produced and I can best lead up to the position from which I intend to start by selecting information from summary documents by Donely in 1950 and Zbrozek in 1964. Philip Donely was a leading figure in the field of atmospheric turbulence loads before the 1939–45 war and probably the one most highly regarded in the world when he gave the keynote address to the Royal Aeronautical Society Conference on Atmospheric Tubulence in 1971. George Zbrozek had been an international authority for many years when he presented his main lecture to the Royal Aeronautical Society in 1964 and but for his untimely death whilst on an international mission might still be a leading figure.
SECRET CUSTOMorTHE IMPACT OF JUDICIAL DELIBERATIONS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Lando Massimo
Published: September 2022

The literature on the identification of rules of customary international law is extensive. Commentators have focused on isolating the methodologies by which international courts and tribunals identify customary international law, with most of the debate revolving around the use of induction, or deduction and assertion as methods of custom identification. However, the existing literature has overlooked that the choice among custom identification methodologies takes place behind closed doors, during confidential deliberation processes. When all that scholars see may be deduction or assertion, international courts and tribunals may have ascertained the existence of customary rules by induction, but induction may not have made it into the final text of the decision. This article elaborates on the impact of judicial deliberations at the International Court of Justice on the choice among custom identification methodologies. It argues that individual-driven stages of deliberations favour custom identification by induction, while collegial stages promote custom identification by non-inductive methodologies.
The effects of surface electrical stimulation plus voice therapy in Parkinson's disease
Authors: van Hooren M R A , Baijens L W J , Dijkman R , Kremer B , Michou E , Pilz W , Vos R
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to assess the effects of surface electrical stimulation plus voice therapy on voice in dysphonic patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Method

Patients were assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 28 per group) and received daily treatment for 3 weeks on 5 days a week. All three groups received voice therapy (usual care). In addition, two groups received surface electrical stimulation, either motor-level or sensory-level stimulation. A standardised measurement protocol to evaluate therapeutic effects included the Voice Handicap Index and videolaryngostroboscopy.

Results

Voice Handicap Index and videolaryngostroboscopic assessment showed statistically significant differences between baseline and post-treatment across all groups, without any post-treatment differences between the three groups.

Conclusion

Intensive voice therapy (usual care) improved idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients' self-assessment of voice impairment and the videolaryngostroboscopic outcome score. However, surface electrical stimulation used as an add-on to usual care did not improve idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients’ self-assessment of voice impairment or the videolaryngostroboscopic outcome scores any further.
Clinically oriented ankle rehabilitation robot with a novel mechanism
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Zhou Yu , Dong Mingjie , Rong Xi , Jiao Ran
Published: September 2022

In order to make the designed ankle robotic system simpler, practical, and clinically oriented, we developed a novel$\underline{R}-2\underline{U}PS/RR$ankle rehabilitation robot with a variety of training functions covering all the required ranges of motion of the ankle joint complex (AJC), where$U$,$P$,$S$, and$R$denote universal, prismatic, spherical, and revolute joints, respectively, and the underlined letter denotes the actuated joint. The robot was designed with three degrees of freedom (DOFs), with a series$R$mechanism and a$2\underline{U}PS/RR$parallel mechanism. The main advantage is that the height of the robot is very low, which is convenient for clinical use by patients. At first, the mechanism design and inverse solution of positions were introduced in detail. Then, the patient-passive exercise based on the predefined trajectory tracking and patient-active exercise based on the spring model were developed to satisfy different rehabilitation stages. Finally, experiments with healthy subjects were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the developed patient-passive and patient-active exercises of the developed ankle rehabilitation robot, with results compared with the existing ankle robotic system showing good trajectory tracking performance and interactive performance.
How deep is your love? Patriotism, money and the people in Canton in the early phase of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1938
Authors: Ho Virgil Kit-yiu
Published: September 2022

This article studies how people, especially the business community, in the southern Chinese city of Canton, responded to the government's fund-raising campaigns in the early phase of the War of Resistance against Japan (1937–45). It challenges the conventional views that the whole city of Canton had wholeheartedly united together in the face of their encroaching enemy, and that people from all walks of life displayed a high degree of patriotism with their self-denying participation in the city's war efforts. Despite the common concern about the threat of looming attack on Canton by the Japanese, this commonality, however, did not help cement the populace into a nationalistic whole with great solidarity, as the state and its publicists hoped. This article also reveals the problem with interpreting socio-political events in this turbulent time through the narrow lens of Chinese nationalism.
‘A Collation of Badly Disguised, Well-Known Themes’: Shostakovich Symphonies in the Parisian Press, 1936–1946
Authors: ROYCROFT MADELINE
Published: September 2022

This article examines the reception of Shostakovich's symphonies in the Parisian press, from the late interwar period to the years immediately following the Second World War. In doing so, it continues the conversation around international responses to Shostakovich's music in the twentieth century, adding a consideration of the composer's symphonies in France from 1936 to 1946 to the existing literature on Shostakovich reception in the United States, Britain, and Germany. By interrogating the commentary of Parisian critics and music writers during this period, the article reveals how the reception of Shostakovich's symphonies in Paris reflects the rising and falling influence of the French Communist Party, and offers a novel way to view the shifts in Franco-Soviet relations either side of the Second World War.
Family functioning and psychosocial symptoms among Latinx patients coping with advanced cancer
Authors: Torres-Blasco Normarie , Castro-Figueroa Eida M. , Zamore Carolina , Claros Maria , Peña-Vargas Cristina , Rosario Lianel , Sanabria Gabriella , Breitbart William , Costas-Muñiz Rosario
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This brief report aims to describe and determine the association of family functioning (e.g., cohesion and expressiveness) with psychosocial needs among Spanish Latinx patients coping with advanced cancers.

Methods

Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed on data from 103 patients coping with advanced cancer (Stages III and IV). The measures used were the Family Relationships Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy: General.

Results

Results indicated that most of the participants had low family function (65%). Participants with higher family functioning (35%) had high levels of quality of life [r(103) .318, p < .002]. A higher level of quality of life was also strongly associated with lower levels of anxiety [r(95) −.653, p < .000], lower levels of depression [r(95) −.733, p < .000], and lower levels of hopelessness [r(95) −.585, p = .000]. A total of 22.3% of Latinx advanced cancer patients reported poor cohesiveness; those with low cohesiveness also had higher levels of depression [r(103) −.28, p = .004] and anxiety [r(103) −.27, p = .005]. Correlations between expressiveness and hopelessness were significant; namely, those with higher expressiveness had lower hopelessness [r(103) −.274, p = .005].

Significance of results

Findings present a high correlation between family functioning and psychosocial symptoms.
Chemical Etching Technique Makes Possible SEM Investigation Of Polyolefin Microstructures
Authors: Woo Sangsun , Park Jemyung , Eom Kyuyoung , Kwon Ohjun
Published: September 2022

Although scanning electron microscopes (SEM) have been used to study the polyolefin polymer morphology as it relates to the development and modification of the commercial products, it has seldom been used to study polyolefin microstructures such as spherulite and lamellae morphology. Rather, transmission electron microscopes (TEM) have been used for such morphology studies because they provide the resolution necessary for observation of polymer microstructures. Unfortunately, TEM studies require the microtomesectioning of the buik samples to produce suitable test samples after unloading. In contrast, we have shown that, if suitable sample preparation techniques are employed, the surface morphology of bulk polyolefin samples, such as the thick test pieces and commercial products, can be characterized using the SEM. In this article we introduce our chemical etching technique that is suitable for the investigation of the polyolefin microstructures.
Hyperkalzämie – Diagnose, Abklärung und Therapie
Authors: Koster Markus , Brändle Michael
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die Abklärung einer Hyperkalzämie bedarf einer genauen Anamnese, einer fokussierten klinischen Untersuchung, ergänzt durch eine stufenweise durchgeführte, primär laborchemische Diagnostik, um zielgerichtet die ätiologische Zuordnung zu ermöglichen. Zentral ist hierbei die korrekte Bestimmung der Kalzämie und der Korrelation mit der Konzentration von Parathormon (PTH). Der primäre Hyperparathyreoidismus oder Malignom-bedingte Hyperkalzämien stellen mit rund 90% die mit Abstand häufigsten Ursachen dar und sollten daher stets berücksichtigt werden. Die Therapie der Hyperkalzämie richtet sich grundlegend nach der Ätiologie sowie nach dem Schweregrad der Elektrolytstörung.
Disease-Drug Interactions Requiring Special Attention
Authors: Dongre Kanchan , Jungo Anja , Späni Selina , Zysset Yvonne , Leuppi-Taegtmeyer Anne
Published: September 2022

Abstract. This short review addresses disease-drug interactions requiring special attention, namely interactions between common conditions and over-the-counter medication and interactions between rare conditions and drugs that are absolutely contraindicated. We specifically examine over-the-counter analgesics, antiemetics and drugs used to treat allergy symptoms and underlying disease conditions they can exacerbate. Resources for avoiding disease-drug interactions in patients with rare conditions, such as myasthenia gravis, glucose-6-phosphate deficiency, mitochondriopathies and long QT-syndrome are given. We also discuss methods for avoiding disease-drug interactions in clinical practice. These include awareness, regular diagnosis- and drug-history taking, consulting the product information, good communication between healthcare providers and patient education. Furthermore, pharmacovigilance activities help in the early identification and characterization of adverse drug reactions resulting from disease-drug interactions.
Integrating Technology in Neuropsychological	Assessment
Authors: Marques-Costa Catarina , Simões Mário R. , Almiro Pedro A. , Prieto Gerardo , Salomé Pinho Maria
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Although neuropsychological assessments include some measures that are administered, scored, or interpreted using new technologies, most researchers in this area advocate that more technology should be integrated. The current situation in neuropsychological assessment may be conceptualized as triggering a crisis leading to a paradigm shift, as there is some resistance to adopting more technology. In this paper, the context of the present crisis in neuropsychological assessment, the main obstacles, and new developments will be discussed. An example of a new computerized assessment tool, the NIH Toolbox, is highlighted. Also addressed are potential issues: in the assessment with tablets illustrating it with the older adult population and how to ensure the compatibility of data collected through these devices within the framework of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Recommendations for research, test development, and clinical practice are also provided.
Synoptic 129I and CFC–SF6 Transit Time Distribution (TTD) Sections Across the Central Arctic Ocean From the 2015 GEOTRACES Cruises
Authors: Smith John N. , Smethie W. M. , Casacuberta Nuria
Published: September 2022

Measurements of the tracers, 129I, CFC‐11, and SF6 on water samples collected in the Arctic Ocean in 2015 have been used to calculate mean ages, Γ and mixing, Δ parameters using transit time distributions (TTDs) to constrain water circulation and mixing time scales. Values of Γ and Δ determined separately using the two tracer pairs, SF6‐CFC‐11, and 129I‐CFC‐11 are in good agreement for gas solubilities estimated for saturation levels of 0.90, but agreement decreases for other gas saturation levels. Both Γ and Δ increase rapidly with increasing depth below the base of the intermediate water layer (ca. 1,000 m), but maintaining a value of Δ/Γ ≅ 1 supporting the use of this proportionality in applications of TTDs to deep ocean transport of substances such as anthropogenic carbon. Isolines of Γ = 20 years deepening to depths below 1,000 m over the flank of the Mendeleyev Ridge near the North Pole outline the bathymetrically steered, return flow of recently ventilated Atlantic Water toward Fram Strait. Basin interior waters are significantly older with the Γ = 25 years mean age isoline shallowing upward to depths above 500 m in the Makarov, Canada, and Eurasian Basins. Values of Δ remain relatively constant in the 6–10 years range in upper intermediate water across all three basins indicating that flow is principally advective and that the mixing specified by Δ likely occurs upstream of the central basins in regions proximal to the outflow from the Santa Anna Trough.
Reply to Comment by Anand et al. on “Groundwater Affects the Geomorphic and Hydrologic Properties of Coevolved Landscapes”
Authors: Litwin David G. , Tucker Gregory E. , Barnhart Katherine R. , Harman Ciaran J.
Published: September 2022

Here we acknowledge an omission and offer a perspective on the importance of domain size for the simple landscape evolution model that appears in our original manuscript. For completeness, the domain size should have been included in the nondimensionalization. However, it can be shown to be of little consequence in the region of the parameter space that we examined. Furthermore, we show that our choice of nondimensionalization (with landscape evolution process rates rather than domain size) allows for a clearer view of controls on intrinsic features of the results, including valley spacing and channel head contributing areas, which were the focus of our original analysis.
Circular RNA circPGD contributes to gastric cancer progression via the sponging miR-16-5p/ABL2 axis and encodes a novel PGD-219aa protein
Authors: Liu Yun , Cao Jia , Zhu Linqi , Zhao Wenjun , Zhou Yong , Shao Chen , Shao Shihe
Published: September 2022

CircRNAs have critical effects on tumor development and progression. However, circPGD effect on gastric cancer (GC) is still elusive. Nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA fractionation, and RNA-FISH assay examined the localization of circPGD in MGC-803 cells. qRT-PCR was conducted to detect the expression and prognostic significance of circPGD, miR-16-5p, and ABL2 within GC tissues. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter assays, rescue, and western blotting assays confirmed the interactions between circPGD, miR-16-5p, and ABL2. Transwell, wound healing, and colony-formation assays, as well as CCK-8 and cell apoptosis assays, analyzed the functions of circPGD, miR-16-5p, ABL2, as well as PGD-219aa within GC cells. Western blotting and cell immunofluorescence experiments detected the differences in the expression of the related proteins. Finally, xenograft and metastatic mouse models were used to investigate circPGD function in vivo. Mass spectrometry was used to detect the existence of PGD-219aa in MGC-803 cells. CircPGD was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of MGC-803 cells. Compared with the control, circPGD and ABL2 expression increased within GC tissues and cells, and the miR-16-5p level was decreased. Functionally, circPGD promoted cell proliferation, migration and suppressed apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, circPGD sponged miR-16-5p for relieving miR-16-5p suppression on the corresponding target ABL2 via the SMAD2/3 and YAP signaling pathways. In addition, circPGD encodes a novel PGD-219aa protein that can enhance the growth and migration of GC cells, while inhibiting GC cells apoptosis via the SMAD2/3 and YAP signaling pathways. Furthermore, circPGD overexpression enhanced tumor aggressiveness, while circPGD knockdown inhibited tumor growth. Overall, circPGD has a novel oncogenic effect on GC cells, indicating the potential of circPGD as the tumorigenic factor and a promising diagnostic marker for GC.
Single-cell profiling reveals molecular basis of malignant phenotypes and tumor microenvironments in small bowel adenocarcinomas
Authors: Yang Jingwei , Zhou Xin , Dong Ji , Wang Wendong , Lu Yongqu , Gao Yuan , Zhang Yu , Mao Yunuo , Gao Junpeng , Wang Wei , Li Qingqing , Gao Shuai , Wen Lu , Fu Wei , Tang Fuchou
Published: September 2022

Small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs) are rare malignant tumors with a high mortality rate, and their molecular characteristics are still largely unexplored. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing for tumor samples from 12 SBA patients and predicted drug candidates for SBA. We identified four prevalent subtypes of malignant cells with distinct signatures including cell cycle program, mitochondria program, metabolism program and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. The progression relationships of these four subtypes of malignant cells were also revealed, which started from the cell cycle program, through the mitochondria program and then progressing into either the metabolism program or the EMT program. Importantly, ligand–receptor interaction pairs were found to be specifically enriched in pairs of EMT-program malignant cells and highly exhausted CD8+ T cells, suggesting that cancer cell subpopulations with EMT features may contribute most to the exhaustion of T cells. We also showed that the duodenal subtype of SBA exhibited molecular features more similar to gastric cancer whereas jejunal subtype of SBA more similar to colorectal cancer. Especially, we predicted specific drugs for SBA based on differential gene expression signatures between malignant cells and normal epithelial cells of SBA, and verified more potent inhibitory effects of volasertib and tozasertib for SBA cancer cells than conventional drugs of SBA at the same concentration, which provides new clues for treatments of SBA. In summary, our study provides a blueprint of the molecular signatures of both tumor cells and tumor microenvironment cells in SBA and reveals potential targets and drug candidates for its clinical treatments.
Exosome based analysis for Space Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome and health risks in space exploration
Authors: Chakrabortty Sudipto K. , Khodor Yevgenia L. , Kitchen Robert R. , Miller Dulaney L. , Babcock Kailey M. , Manning Kyle S. , Lang Steven P. , Tadigotla Vasisht , Yu Wei , Bershad Eric , Skog Johan , Zanello Susana
Published: September 2022

Molecular profiling to characterize the effects of environmental exposures is important from the human health and performance as well as the occupational medicine perspective in space exploration. We have developed a novel exosome-based platform that allows profiling of biological processes in the body from a variety of body fluids. The technology is suitable for diagnostic applications as well as studying the pathophysiology of the Space Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in astronauts and monitoring patients with chronically impaired cerebrospinal fluid drainage or elevated intracranial pressure. In this proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that: (a) exosomes from different biofluids contain a specific population of RNA transcripts; (b) urine collection hardware aboard the ISS is compatible with exosome gene expression technology; (c) cDNA libraries from exosomal RNA can be stored in dry form and at room temperature, representing an interesting option for the creation of longitudinal molecular catalogs that can be stored as a repository for retrospective analysis.
A hierarchical approach for building distributed quantum systems
Authors: Davarzani Zohreh , Zomorodi Mariam , Houshmand Mahboobeh
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a multi-layer hierarchical architecture is proposed for distributing quantum computation. In a distributed quantum computing (DQC), different units or subsystems communicate by teleportation in order to transfer quantum information. Quantum teleportation requires classical and quantum resources and hence, it is essential to minimize the number of communications among these subsystems. To this end, a two-level hierarchical optimization method is proposed to distribute the qubits among different parts. In Level I, an integer linear programming model is presented to distribute a monolithic quantum system into K balanced partitions which results in the minimum number of non-local gates. When a qubit is teleported to a destination part, it can be used optimally by other gates without being teleported back to the destination part. In Level II, a data structure is proposed for quantum circuit and a recursive function is applied to minimize the number of teleportations. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the previous ones.
3D multiple immunoimaging using whole male organs in rice
Authors: Araki Saori , Tamotsu Hinako , Komiya Reina
Published: September 2022

Spatiotemporal regulation of proteins and RNAs is essential for the precise development of reproductive tissues in many organisms. The anther, a prominent part of the male reproductive organ in plants, contains several somatic cell layers named the anther wall and, within it, the germ cells. Here, we successfully developed a simple 3D organ-immunoimaging technique for rice anthers, which distinguishes each individual cell from the four somatic cell layers and germ cells without the need for transformation, embedding, sectioning, or clearing. The 3D immunostaining method is also applicable to the intracellular localization of meiosis-specific proteins in meiocytes, as exemplified by MEL1, a germ cell-specific ARGONAUTE in the cytoplasm, and ZEP1, a pachytene marker on meiotic chromosomes. Our 3D multiple immunostaining method with single-cell and intracellular resolution will contribute to a comprehensive organ-level elucidation of molecular mechanisms and cellular connectivity.
Routine laboratory biomarkers used to predict Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria involved in bloodstream infections
Authors: Dambroso-Altafini Daniela , Menegucci Thatiany C. , Costa Bruno B. , Moreira Rafael R. B. , Nishiyama Sheila A. B. , Mazucheli Josmar , Tognim Maria C. B.
Published: September 2022

This study evaluated routine laboratory biomarkers (RLB) to predict the infectious bacterial group, Gram-positive (GP) or Gram-negative (GN) associated with bloodstream infection (BSI) before the result of blood culture (BC). A total of 13,574 BC of 6787 patients (217 BSI-GP and 238 BSI-GN) and 68 different RLB from these were analyzed. The logistic regression model was built considering BSI-GP or BSI-GN as response variable and RLB as covariates. After four filters applied total of 320 patients and 16 RLB remained in the Complete-Model-CM, and 4 RLB in the Reduced-Model-RM (RLB p > 0.05 excluded). In the RM, only platelets, creatinine, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and erythrocytes were used. The reproductivity of both models were applied to a test bank of 2019. The new model presented values to predict BSI-GN of the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 and 0.69 for CM and RM, respectively; with sensitivity of 0.62 and 0.61 (CM and RM) and specificity of 0.67 for both. These data confirm the discriminatory capacity of the new models for BSI-GN (p = 0.64). AUC of 0.69 using only 4 RLB, associated with the patient's clinical data could be useful for better targeted antimicrobial therapy in BSI.
Discrete-time survival analysis in the critically ill: a deep learning approach using heterogeneous data
Authors: Thorsen-Meyer Hans-Christian , Placido Davide , Kaas-Hansen Benjamin Skov , Nielsen Anna P. , Lange Theis , Nielsen Annelaura B. , Toft Palle , Schierbeck Jens , Strøm Thomas , Chmura Piotr J. , Heimann Marc , Belling Kirstine , Perner Anders , Brunak Søren
Published: September 2022

Prediction of survival for patients in intensive care units (ICUs) has been subject to intense research. However, no models exist that embrace the multiverse of data in ICUs. It is an open question whether deep learning methods using automated data integration with minimal pre-processing of mixed data domains such as free text, medical history and high-frequency data can provide discrete-time survival estimates for individual ICU patients. We trained a deep learning model on data from patients admitted to ten ICUs in the Capital Region of Denmark and the Region of Southern Denmark between 2011 and 2018. Inspired by natural language processing we mapped the electronic patient record data to an embedded representation and fed the data to a recurrent neural network with a multi-label output layer representing the chance of survival at different follow-up times. We evaluated the performance using the time-dependent concordance index. In addition, we quantified and visualized the drivers of survival predictions using the SHAP methodology. We included 37,355 admissions of 29,417 patients in our study. Our deep learning models outperformed traditional Cox proportional-hazard models with concordance index in the ranges 0.72–0.73, 0.71–0.72, 0.71, and 0.69–0.70, for models applied at baseline 0, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Deep learning models based on a combination of entity embeddings and survival modelling is a feasible approach to obtain individualized survival estimates in data-rich settings such as the ICU. The interpretable nature of the models enables us to understand the impact of the different data domains.
Disengaging spinal afferent nerve communication with the brain in live mice
Authors: Kyloh Melinda A. , Hibberd Timothy J. , Castro Joel , Harrington Andrea M. , Travis Lee , Dodds Kelsi N. , Wiklendt Lukasz , Brierley Stuart M. , Zagorodnyuk Vladimir P. , Spencer Nick J.
Published: September 2022

Our understanding of how abdominal organs (like the gut) communicate with the brain, via sensory nerves, has been limited by a lack of techniques to selectively activate or inhibit populations of spinal primary afferent neurons within dorsal root ganglia (DRG), of live animals. We report a survival surgery technique in mice, where select DRG are surgically removed (unilaterally or bilaterally), without interfering with other sensory or motor nerves. Using this approach, pain responses evoked by rectal distension were abolished by bilateral lumbosacral L5-S1 DRG removal, but not thoracolumbar T13-L1 DRG removal. However, animals lacking T13-L1 or L5-S1 DRG both showed reduced pain sensitivity to distal colonic distension. Removal of DRG led to selective loss of peripheral CGRP-expressing spinal afferent axons innervating visceral organs, arising from discrete spinal segments. This method thus allows spinal segment-specific determination of sensory pathway functions in conscious, free-to-move animals, without genetic modification.
Impairment of IgG Fc functions promotes tumor progression and suppresses NK cell antitumor actions
Authors: Fan Xuejun , Yuan Zihao , Zhao Yueshui , Xiong Wei , Hsiao Hao-Ching , Pare Rahmawati , Ding Jianmin , Almosa Ahmad , Sun Kai , Zhang Songlin , Jordan Robert E. , Lee Cheok Song , An Zhiqiang , Zhang Ningyan
Published: September 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells mediate antibody dependent cytotoxic killing of cancer cells via cross-linking FcγR on NK cells with IgG-Fc. Studies have shown that the single-hinge cleaved IgGs (scIgGs) have dysfunctional Fc and failed engagement with FcγRs on immune cells. However, little is known about how scIgGs impact on antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we revealed a significant association of tumor scIgGs with tumor progression and poor outcomes of breast cancer patients (n = 547). Using multiple mouse tumor models, we demonstrated that tumor scIgGs reduced NK cell cytotoxic activities and resulted in aggressive tumor progression. We further showed that an anti-hinge specific monoclonal antibody (AHA) rescued the dysfunctional Fc in scIgGs by providing a functional Fc and restored NK cell cytotoxic activity. These findings point to a novel immunotherapeutic strategy to enhance Fc engagement with FcγRs for activation of anticancer immunity.
Chemical exchange of labile protons by deuterium enables selective detection of pharmaceuticals in solid formulations
Authors: Welton Claire , Raval Parth , Trébosc Julien , Reddy G. N. Manjunatha
Published: September 2022

A solid-state 1H–2H isotope correlation NMR spectroscopy (iCOSY) approach is introduced to detect low concentrations of deuterated drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
Controlled isolation and stabilisation of pure metastable carbamazepine form IV by droplet-confinement via a continuous manufacturing route
Authors: Parkes Alice , Ziaee Ahmad , Walker Gavin , O'Reilly Emmet
Published: September 2022

This study outlines a systematic approach to control the polymorphism of carbamazepine (CBZ) and isolate the metastable polymorph CBZ form IV as a function of droplet size using spray drying as a continuous method of manufacture.
Probing disorder in 2CzPN using core and valence states
Authors: Fernando Nathalie K. , Stella Martina , Dawson William , Nakajima Takahito , Genovese Luigi , Regoutz Anna , Ratcliff Laura E.
Published: September 2022

Gas phase structures of 2CzPN extracted from molecular dynamics are used to investigate the effects of disorder on the core and valence states using density functional theory, and compared to experimental X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Effect of a monovalent salt on the energetics of an antimicrobial-peptide: micelle dissociation
Authors: Ghosh Suvankar , Chatterjee Sunanda , Satpati Priyadarshi
Published: September 2022

Steered molecular dynamics & umbrella sampling simulation.
An optimal molecule-matching co-sensitization system for the improvement of photovoltaic performances of DSSCs
Authors: Liu Yongliang , Zhu Shengbo , Li Wei , Su Yilin , Zhou Hongwei , Chen Ran , Chen Weixing , Zhang Wenzhi , Niu Xiaoling , Chen Xinbing , An Zhongwei
Published: September 2022

Three biphenyl co-sensitizers (4OBA, 8OBA and 12OBA) with different terminal oxyalkyl chains were synthesized and co-sensitized respectively with the main dye (NP-1) in co-sensitized solar cells (co-DSSCs).
Electron–phonon interaction effect on the photovoltaic parameters of indirect (direct) bandgap AlSb (GaSb) p–n junction solar cell devices: a density functional theoretical study
Authors: Mamindla Ramesh , Ghosh Arghya , Niranjan Manish K.
Published: September 2022

The phonon-influenced photovoltaic parameters are studied across the AlSb (GaSb) p–n junction solar cell.
The influence of anisotropy on the microstructure and magnetic properties of dipolar nanoplatelet suspensions
Authors: Rosenberg Margaret , Kantorovich Sofia
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates colloidal suspensions of anisometric dipolar magnetic nanoplatelets, showing that the particle distribution, clustering and initial static magnetic susceptibilities of platelets differ significantly from those of dipolar spheres.
Infrared multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy of cationized glycine: effects of alkali metal cation size on gas-phase conformation
Authors: Armentrout P. B. , Stevenson Brandon C. , Ghiassee Maryam , Boles Georgia C. , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos
Published: September 2022

The gas-phase structures of glycine (Gly) cationized with Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ are examined using infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy utilizing light generated by a free electron laser and with ab initio calculations.
First principles study on thickness dependent structural and electronic properties unveiling the growth and stability of 2D layered II–VI semiconducting compounds
Authors: Devi P. , Mahendiran D. , Murugan P.
Published: September 2022

This study demonstrated the possibility of existence of 2D layers from II–VI semiconductors and they can be synthesized due to having structural, elastic, and lattice dynamical stabilities. They also possess interesting optoelectronic properties.
Iron-doped novel Co-based metal–organic frameworks for preparation of bifunctional catalysts with an amorphous structure for OER/HER in alkaline solution
Authors: Dai Siyu , Liu Yuqi , Mei Yunjie , Hu Jue , Wang Kaiming , Li Yanghua , Jin Nanhao , Wang Xinying , Luo Huilong , Li Wei
Published: September 2022

We integrated amorphous phase into novel Co-MOF by mechanical grinding method to prepare excellent oxygen/hydrogen evolution bifunctional electrocatalytic materials.
Charge density studies of single and transient (single to double) boron–oxygen bonds in (NH4)2B4O5(OH)4·2H2O
Authors: Gajda Roman , Piekara Anna , Tchoń Daniel , Woźniak Krzysztof , Sławiński Wojciech A.
Published: September 2022

A H4B4O92− ion which makes up the (NH4)2B4O5(OH)4·2H2O crystal structure has two types of boron–oxygen bonds, i.e. single B–O bonds and an intermediate between single and double BO bonds.