bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IJCM_96A: Assessment of infant and young child feeding practices among Mothers attending maternal and child health clinic in Gulbarga Institute of medical Sciences, Kalaburagi - A Cross-sectional study
Authors: Panigrahi Sunaina , Ramesh  , Shedole Dayalaxmi T , Kumar Ajay
Published: April 2024

Background:

Infant and young child feeding is the foundation for a child’s growth and development. Over a third of the undernourished children in the world live in India. A thorough comparison between NFHS 5 and its previous report suggests that, exclusive breast-feeding among infants under 6 months of age in Kalaburagi has decreased to 45.1% from 52%, which is concerning. Furthermore, the total number of children aged 6 to 24 months receiving an adequate diet is mere 15.4%. Despite strong data supporting the advantages of breast-feeding, the rate of breast-feeding is not high enough, indicating significant gaps that require identification and attention.

Objectives:

(1) To assess infant and young child feeding practices among mothers attending MCH clinic. (2) To determine the morbidities associated with feeding practices.

Methodology:

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 mothers (by considering the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding as 45.1%) of children aged 0-24 months attending the MCH clinic at Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences using convenience sampling technique for a period of 2 months i.e., October and November 2023. Data was collected by using the WHO IYCF practices indicators questionnaire followed by interpretation in the MS Excel sheet. Data analysis will be done by using SPSS software (version 16). The results will be expressed in terms of percentages, tables and graphs using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:

The overall prevalence of early (within 1 h of delivery) initiation of breastfeeding was found to be 57.75%, and that of exclusive breastfeeding among 0-6 months infants was 49%. 64% of children received continued breastfeeding at one year old, Minimum dietary diversity, Minimum meal frequency, and Minimum acceptable diet were achieved by only 28.6%, 13.20%, 13.2%. Statistically significant association between exclusive breast feeding and diarrhoea(p=<0.0001) and ARTI(p=0.0001),Bottle feeding and Diarrhoea(p=<0.0008) and ARTI(<0.05), Minimum dietary diversity and Diarrhoea(p=0.02) were found.

Conclusion:

Poor feeding practices among children were found to have significant association with diarrhoea and ARTI. The factors influencing IYCF practices are multifaceted, hence appropriate measures must be taken at earliest.
IJCM_97A: Clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome of Severe Acute Malnutrition children admitted to the nutritional rehabilitation centre of a tertiary care hospital in Kalaburagi, Karnataka: a retrospective study
Authors: Sreeshyam K S , Gururaj N A , Ramesh  , Ajaykumar G.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Severe acute malnutrition is the major cause for under- five morbidity and mortality. According to NFHS 5 (2019-20), 7.7% of malnourished children under 5 years in India were severely wasted and in Karnataka it is 8.4 %. There is paucity of data on risk factors and clinical outcomes related to SAM children in North Karnataka, hence the present study was conducted.

Objectives:

1. To assess the clinico-epidemiological profile of SAM children. 2. To determine the risk factors of SAM children admitted in NRC. 3. To study outcomes of SAM children admitted in NRC.

Methodology:

Study setting: Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre of Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, a Tertiary care hospital in Kalaburagi. Study design: A retrospective record- based cross-sectional study Study population: All children under 5 years of age admitted with SAM in the NRC at GIMS, Kalaburagi. Study duration: December 2022- November 2023 Sample size: As per data from Medical Records Department, total number of SAM children admitted in NRC is 180 between December 2022 to November 2023. DATA COLLECTION METHOD: In all the admitted patients, a detailed history including socio demographic, clinical presentation, birth order, immunization and duration of stay in NRC, physical examination findings and investigations were collected from available records. Anthropometric measurements like weight, length /height, MUAC and weight for height were collected and analysed using WHO growth charts. The outcomes included whether the children completed duration of stay at NRC were cured with weight gain, no weight gain or succumbed to malnutrition. Inclusion criteria: All children under 5 years who were admitted and fulfilled the criteria of SAM by WHO. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Case sheets of admitted SAM children with incomplete data. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results:

Among 150 SAM children analysed,77 (51.7%) males and 73(48.3%) females had weight for height below - 3SD.

Conclusion:

Hospital-based management of SAM children in NRC with adherence to updated WHO standard guidelines has helped in reducing mortality and morbidity among undernourished children.
IJCM_98A: Prevalence of Non-Communicable disease in Geriatrics population of Kalaburagi District: A Cross-sectional Study in Rural Field Practice Area.
Authors: Telkar Aditya , Nigudgi SR , Reddy Srinivas
Published: April 2024

Background:

Worldwide total population of geriatric was 703 million (9%) in year 2019 according to United Nation report. The geriatric population is estimated to increase to 198 million by 2030 in India. With advancing years, the incidence of communicable and non-communicable disease (NCD) increases. Most of the available studies on morbidity in India are disease specific and fail to provide comprehensive knowledge about NCD. Objectives :1. To estimate prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) in elderly. 2. To assess the risk factor associated with non-communicable disease.

Methodology:

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among geriatric people in rural areas of Kalaburagi district, Karnataka. Study participants consisted of age =60 years were comprised in the study and a sample size of 193 was calculated. Pre-designed, pre-tested and semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect information on risk factor and morbidity status of study participants. Data was computed in Microsoft 2013 excel sheets and using SPSS version 25.0 for utilizing appropriate statistical method to calculate frequency and percentage, chi square test fisher extract test were used to find association.

Results:

Hypertension is the most prevalent morbidity NCD in the rural elderly population found to be 41.45% in Kalaburagi CHC Rajapur. Followed by diabetes 24.35% and other disease 1.62%. Alcohol and Chewing tobacco found to have significant associations in disease causation in the elderly population. Environment like Water Supply, Latrine, Socio-Economic Class found to be having significant association in disease causation in the elderly population.

Conclusion:

As age advances morbidity increases has been shown in the study. Lifestyle modification also show statistically significant association. Prevalence of NCD like Hypertension, Diabetes, MI, etc can be prevented by reduction of the high-risk factor such as Lifestyle changes, Diet Modification, and Changing Habits of alcohol and tobacco.
IJCM_99A: Risk Factors Associated with Polyhydramnios among Pregnant Women in Mangalore: A Case Control Study
Authors: Mithra Prasanna , Mathews Nikitha , Afaa Aminath , Hudha Mariyam , Thasneem Aishath , Das Anjali
Published: April 2024

Background:

The amniotic fluid volume is maintained by a balance between production (fetal urine and fetal lung fluid) and resorption (swallowing and intramembranous flow). Any imbalance in this process could lead to either oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios. The incidence of polyhydramnios varies from 1-2%. It is a significant obstetric condition, the etiology of which is still largely unknown. The underlying maternal factors include diabetes mellitus, pregnancy induced hypertension, twin pregnancy, negative Rh factor, cardiac and renal diseases. The study aims to study the risk factors associated with polyhydramnios among the women seeking maternal health care in the study hospitals and to assess the socio-demographic correlates of polyhydramnios among the study population.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the Government Lady Goschen Hospital and Kasturba Medical College Attavar, among 66 cases (Pregnant women admitted with polyhydramnios) and 132 controls(age matched pregnant women admitted to the study hospitals during the study period). Odds ratio was calculated, Chi square test was used to compare the groups.

Results:

Proportion of anemia among our cases was 20% and control was 25.6%. 7.6% of the cases were associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 0.8% of controls had hypertensive disorders. 12.1% of polyhydramnios cases with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Conclusion:

Majority of the polyhydramnios cases were in the age group 20-29 years. The proportion of Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, Rh negative pregnancies, malpresentation were higher among polyhydramnios cases. The association was significant for hypertension.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Pityriasis Rosea along with Dermoscopic Analysis and Histopathology Correlation
Authors: Shende Aditi A. , Chikhalkar Siddhi B.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Pityriasis Rosea (PR) is a common, yet enigmatic, dermatological condition characterized by a distinctive clinical presentation. Despite its prevalence, the aetiology and pathogenesis of PR remain elusive.

Aims:

To study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients with PR. To study dermoscopic findings and carry out histopathological correlation.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study of 50 patients was conducted. A detailed clinical history was taken and an examination was done followed by a dermoscopy. Quantitative data like age and duration of disease are presented with the help of standard deviation. Qualitative risk factors, like gender, age groups, symptomatology, site of lesion, findings or cutaneous examination, dermoscopy findings, and histopathology findings, are presented with the help of frequency and percentages.

Results:

PR shows male preponderance and mean age of occurrence being 30.8 ± 15.7 years. Forty per cent of patients had an atypical clinical presentation. The most frequently seen dermoscopy findings were diffuse red background (58%), peripheral collarette scale (62%), and peripheral dotted vessels (50%). On histopathology, the most common findings were spongiosis (44%), parakeratosis (38%), irregular acanthosis (34%), perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate (56%), and red blood cell extravasation (36%).

Limitations:

Sample size was less due to COVID. As this was a corss-sectional study follow up of patients could not be done.

Conclusion:

While the diagnosis of PR is clinical, it is difficult in atypical cases where dermoscopy comes to the aid. It also helps identify the age of lesions, thus helping decide the treatment strategy for patients. Biopsy remains the gold standard in ruling out other differentials of PR.
Comparative Study Between Tacrolimus 0.1% Ointment Versus Topical White Soft Petrolatum Jelly in the Treatment of Oral Retinoid-Induced Cheilitis
Authors: Kothari Rohit , Pol Devayani , Asnani Divya , Deoghare Shreya , Kumar Ajay , Buccha Yash
Published: April 2024

Retinoids are used topically as well as orally, and the most commonly used oral retinoids are isotretinoin and acitretin. Mucocutaneous adverse effects are frequently seen with the use of systemic retinoids, the most common being cheilitis, which is dose-dependent and seen in almost all patients using it. To study the comparative effect of topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment versus topical white soft petrolatum jelly in the treatment of cheilitis due to retinoids. A total of 26 patients with cheilitis post-treatment with isotretinoin were enrolled in this cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 6 months. They were randomized into two groups of 13 patients each to receive topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and soft petrolatum jelly twice daily, respectively. Patients were followed up weekly with clinical photographs. Resolution of cheilitis was assessed on the basis of photograph and ICGS score. About 84.6% of patients of group A and 53.8% of patients of group B showed resolution of symptoms within 1 week of treatment. A significant difference was seen in duration for complete cheilitis resolution and relapse rate in the two groups. Our study concludes that oral retinoid-induced cheilitis shows faster and more significant resolution with twice-daily topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment application compared to twice-daily topical petrolatum jelly.
Episodic Presentations of Pustular Pyoderma Gangrenosum in PLHIV: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Gokhale Vijayashree , Yadav Ponvijaya M. , Mishra Mahabir P. , Vineetha Giduturi Naga Lakshmi
Published: April 2024

We report a case of a 54-year-old female diagnosed with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the same. Seven years ago, she suffered from fever, cough and weight loss, was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and also seropositive for HIV. She suffered from Herpes Zoster infection, after which her ART regimen was changed to TLD (tenofovir, lamivudine and dolutegravir). The patient presented with two episodes of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), which were biopsy-proven, corresponding to a rise in CD4 counts above 500. She responded to glucocorticoids, both systemic and topical.
Severe Regurgitant Bicuspid Aortic Valve in a Patient with Overlapping Left Ventricular Noncompaction and Asymmetrical Septal Hypertrophy
Authors: Inoue Takehiro , Satsu Takuma , Kitayama Hitoshi
Published: April 2024

Overlapping of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the same patient is rare and is associated with a more severe clinical course and unfavorable prognosis. The present report describes the case of a severely regurgitant bicuspid aortic valve in a 68-year-old man with overlapping LVNC and asymmetrical septal hypertrophy. Aortic valve replacement controlled the left ventricular dilatation that occurred secondary to the volume overload induced by the valvular disease. However, even 3 years postoperatively, severe systolic dysfunction persisted due to the preexisting myocardial disease, requiring close and lifelong follow-up with special attention to life-threatening arrhythmias and thromboembolism.
Unusual Location of a Papillary Fibroelastoma Causing a Multi-territorial Stroke
Authors: Scully Timothy G. , Wong Edmond , Barton Timothy , Hayward Philip
Published: April 2024

A 56-year-old male presented with a multi-territorial stroke without traditional cerebrovascular risk factors. A transesophageal echocardiogram revealed an intracardiac lesion attached to the lateral wall of the left atria, consistent with an atrial myxoma. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed and revealed that lesion was in fact a papillary fibroelastoma with thrombus attached, which demonstrates a novel mechanism by which intracardiac masses can cause cerebral events.
Rates and Predictors of Structural Valve Degeneration and Failure of Trifecta Bioprosthetic Valve Over a 5-year Follow-up Period: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Hashem Anas Mohamad , Elkhapery Ahmed , Mohamed Amr , Buttar Rupinder , Khalouf Amani , Mohamed Mohamed Salah , Abbas Faiz , Rehman Saif ur , Eisa Mahmoud , Baibhav Bipul , Rai Devesh , Depta Jeremiah P.
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

The Trifecta bioprosthetic valve has been commonly used for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Multiple studies have been done to define the rate of structural valve degeneration (SVD) and failure (SVF), but the outcomes are still debatable. Therefore, we aim to conduct this single-center study to estimate the rate and predictors of SVD/SVF.

Methodology:

This retrospective observational cohort single-center study was conducted between 2014 and 2019 among Trifecta SAVR patients. Data were patient’s characteristics collected from electronic medical records at baseline and follow-up (3–5 years). Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

A total of 271 eligible patients were identified. Most of our sample were males (57.9%), with a mean age of 71.1 ± 10.6 years. The mean baseline preoperative ejection fraction (EF) was 53.0%, with no change (P = 0.88) in the immediate postoperative EF (53.6%). A most recent follow-up EF revealed a significant increase of EF (55.2%), P = 0.01. Furthermore, there was a significant increase from peak velocity to PVMRE (mean difference [MD] ± standard error of mean (SEM) [0.15 ± 0.04], P < 0.01), an increase in pressure gradient (PGIPE) to PGMRE (MD ± SEM [1.70 ± 0.49], P < 0.01), and a decrease in Doppler velocity index (DVIIPE) to DVIMRE (MD ± SEM [−0.037 ± 0.01], P = 0.01). Regarding the SVF rate, 13 (4.8%) patients had failed valves requiring replacement throughout the study period.

Conclusions:

Over a 5-year follow-up period, 4.8% had SVF with an SVD of 23.2%, with the majority of SVD not being clinically significant except in six patients. These results corroborate with a previously published study suggesting a bad clinical outcome of Trifecta valve placement.
A Case Report of an Unusual Acute Intramural Hematoma Disguise as Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Dell’Uomo Marco , Conti Serenella , Di Meo Federica , Dominici Marcello , Borghetti Valentino
Published: April 2024

Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is characterized by an aortic wall hematoma without intimal flap and it is a variant of acute aortic syndromes (AAS). This entity may represent 10%–25% of the AAS involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch (Stanford Type A) in 10%–30% of cases and the descending thoracic aorta (Stanford Type B) in 60%–70% of cases. IMH impairs the aortic wall and may progress to either inward disruption of the intima, which finally induces typical dissection or outward rupture of the aorta. The literature describes some clinical reports where Type A aortic dissection mimics a pulmonary embolism but is not described as a case provoked by IMH with outward rupture of the aorta.
Comparison of Global Longitudinal Strain in Dual-chamber versus Ventricular Pacemaker in Complete Heart Block
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Yuniadi Yoga , Soesanto Amiliana Mardiani , Raharjo Sunu Budhi , Lisnawati  , Bardosono Saptawati , Angkasa Irwan Surya , Hosanna Cliffian
Published: April 2024

Context:

Bradycardia caused by total atrioventricular block (TAVB) is treated by implantation of permanent pacemakers (PPMs) in either dual-chamber (DDD) versus ventricular (VVI) pacing modes. DDD is considered a more physiological pacing mode than VVI as it avoids atrioventricular dyssynchrony. However, previous trials have failed to demonstrate the superiority of DDD in improving quality of life and morbidity.

Aims:

This study aims to provide postpacemaker function of the left ventricle (LV) measured with global longitudinal strain (GLS), in TAVB patients.

Settings and Design:

This is a comparative study; samples included in the study are adult TAVB patients undergoing PPM implantation, without significant heart function, and structural abnormality. Echocardiographic parameters are obtained before, after 1 month, and after 3 months post-PPM.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 98 TAVB patients undergoes PPM implantation during the study period, 55 patients were excluded, and in the end, only 43 patients fulfill the inclusion criteria.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Baseline data between DDD and VVI are compared using unpaired t-test. Statistical significance 1 month post-PPM and 3 months post-PPM is analyzed using paired t-test.

Results:

There were no significant differences between both groups at baseline. However, significant GLS changes are observed 1 month after PPM in the VVI group (P = 0.002), but no significant change was observed in the DDD group even after 3 months (P = 0.055).

Conclusions:

In our study, we conclude that DDD is superior in maintaining LV function in the short term in TAVB patients after PPM implantation.
Three-dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in Infective Endocarditis: What Does It Add?
Authors: Sordelli Chiara , Weisz Sara Hana , Fele Nunzia , Verde Raffaele , Guarino Angela , Perrella Alessandro , Severino Laura , Severino Corrado , Severino Sergio
Published: April 2024

Infective endocarditis (IE) diagnosis is based on a clinical suspicion supported by consistent microbiological and instrumental data. Evidence of involvement of cardiac valves (native or prosthetic) or prosthetic intracardiac material is a major diagnostic criterion of IE. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the initial technique of choice for the diagnosis while transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is recommended in patients with an inconclusive or negative TTE, in patients with high suspicion of IE, as well as in patients with a positive TTE, in order to document local complications. Repeating TTE and/or TEE should be considered during follow-up of uncomplicated IE, in order to detect new silent complications and monitor vegetation size. In the setting of IE, the role of three-dimensional (3D) TEE is increasing; in fact, this technique has also been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of IE and its complications as it allows to obtain infinite planes and volumetric reconstructions. In this review, we will describe the usefulness of 3D-TEE and its added value in the management of IE.
Effectiveness of ozone in the management of chronic periodontitis: A clinico-microbiological study
Authors: Musalaiah S. V. V. S. , Kumar Pavuluri Aravind , Prabhudev P Harish , Reddy Joseph Kishore , Mandalapu Narendra , Patcha Haneesha
Published: April 2024

Aim:

To evaluate the efficacy of ozonated water with NSPT compared with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone in treating chronic periodontitis.

Settings and Design:

The current study is a double-masked, randomized clinical trial.

Methods and Material:

A total of 30 patients aged 25 to 55 years were divided randomly into two groups having probing pocket depths of ≥ 5 mm. Full mouth SRP were performed in group 1 followed by additional sub-gingival irrigation of ozonated water in group 2. Assessment of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment levels (CAL) was performed at baseline and six months. Microbiologic assessment with real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for Dialister pneumosintes and Micromonas micros by collecting plaque samples.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were subjected to statistical analysis with IBM SPSS Software version 21. The results were presented under the headings of various parameters considered for this study.

Results:

The results revealed that there was a reduction in PI, GI, PD, CAL, and microbiologic parameters in both groups following SRP; the results were more significant in group 2 treated by sub-gingival irrigation with ozonated water, when compared with SRP alone in group 1. Also, it was noted that there was a statistically significant reduction of M. micros compared to D. pneumosintes in the ozone-treated group.

Conclusions:

The Subgingival irrigation of ozonated water in conjunction with SRP has beneficial effects in treating patients with chronic periodontitis.
Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among doctors and nurse in a medical college hospital in Puducherry: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pravinraj S , Zala Darshana D. , Mani Mercy M , Dhasaram Premnath
Published: April 2024

Background:

Hypertension is one of the most important public health problems in the world. Especially among health workers, it is neglected to do a regular check-up on their blood pressure due to busy schedules. Studies from various countries show that there is an increase in blood pressure among doctors and nurses. The present study aimed to quantify the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among doctors and nurses working in a medical college.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors and nurses of a medical college in Pondicherry from May 1 to August 31, 2021. A total of 260 study participants were included in the study; among them 75 were doctors and 185 were nurses. Sampling was done based on a stratified sampling technique. Data was collected in pretested preformed questionnaire, and analysis was done with 2019 and SPSS Statistics version 21.0.

Results:

The prevalence of hypertension among doctors was 28% and nurses 16.8%. The overall prevalence was found to be 20%. It was found that age-group (p = 0.001), gender (p = 0.001), occupation (p = 0.040), hours of sleeping (p = 0.013), smoking (p = 0.001), and alcohol consumption (p = 0.001) are significantly associated with hypertension.

Conclusion:

Hypertension is seen among doctors and nurses which show that measures have to be taken to control them. Doing lifestyle modifications like cessation of smoking and alcohol is advisable. A minimum of 6 hours of sleep per night is recommended for doctors and nurses to function at their best.
Comparative antibiogram of annual antimicrobial susceptibility trend in a tertiary care institution in Telangana with ICMR annual AMR report for the year 2021
Authors: Karuppiah Yazhini
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Antibiogram data can improve hospital antibiotic formulary decisions and local protocols such as surgical prophylaxis or empirical treatment guidelines. This study aims to compare the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends observed in our institution with the national data published by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

Methods:

The annual antibiogram of all common clinical isolates received in the hospital in 2021 was constructed as per the consensus guidelines developed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and the antimicrobial susceptibility trends were compared with the Indian Council of Medical Research annual Antimicrobial Resistance Report for 2021.

Results:

A total of 719 first isolates (excluding duplicate isolates) of common organisms viz., Escherichia coli (n = 198), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 164), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 70), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (n = 174), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (n = 39), Enterococcus species (n = 74) were analyzed and described as in charts.

Discussion:

The percentage susceptibility of gram-positive isolates to vancomycin, linezolid, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin was comparable to the national ICMR AMR report, whereas there were differences in the susceptibility rates to other antimicrobial agents such as penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and co-trimoxazole. The percentage susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates was comparable to the national ICMR AMR report for all anti-pseudomonal agents tested and analyzed. The gram-negative isolates showed better susceptibility rates to the beta-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems in comparison to the national ICMR AMR report.

Conclusion:

Analysis of antibiograms from different regions of our country would show us the trends and patterns of antimicrobial resistance.
Comparison of Lichtenstein repair and mesh plug repair methods in the outcome of inguinal hernia
Authors: Popuri Krishna Vasist , Kaligotla Lakshmi Sowjanya , Chandana Kanuru , Mohammed Munilal R. , Yerram Sai Vihari , Bode Sasidhar
Published: April 2024

Background:

Over 20 million people have inguinal hernia repairs every year, making it one of the most frequent operations performed worldwide. The goal of a successful hernia repair is to minimize the rate of recurrence while enabling the patient to quickly and comfortably resume normal activities.

Aim:

To evaluate an improved and simple technique in inguinal hernia patients between mesh plug with patch repair and Lichtenstein repair techniques and to identify which technique is superior.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study was conducted on 96 patients (48 Group A, 48 Group B) who underwent inguinal hernia surgery in the Department of General Surgery at a tertiary care teaching hospital for a year (October 2018–September 2019). Before surgery, the two groups were assessed for study parameters, operated, and complications were compared between patients. Patients were monitored for 2 years.

Observation:

No statistically significant differences were found between the study parameters and complications (P > 0.05). This difference between the two groups with respect to the duration of surgery, mean duration of hospital stay in patients, and day 1 pain in both the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05) with a positive inclination toward the mesh plug system.

Conclusion:

Mesh plug repair was observed to be safe and easier. It shortens the duration of operation and hospitalization and is superior to Lichtenstein’s technique regarding postoperative pain and quality of life.
Knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among lactating mothers in AIIMS, Bhubaneswar – A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Ravichandran Mythry , Parida Swayam P. , Singh Arvind K. , Mishra Abhisek K. , Gopi Kumbha
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

44% of infants under 6 months of age worldwide are only adequately breastfed. It is also found that only 41.6% of women breastfeed their child within one hour of birth and less than 50% of women continue breastfeeding up to 2 years. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding practice, to explore the knowledge and practices about breastfeeding among lactating mothers, and to find the effect of breastfeeding on the nutritional status of the child.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A hospital-based study was conducted among 160 lactating mothers of infants below six months of age presenting to the immunization clinic at AIIMS Bhubaneswar. A semi-structured questionnaire based on the CDC breastfeeding questionnaire was administered to assess the knowledge and practice. The nutritional status of the infant was assessed by plotting the weight for age and length for age of the infant in the WHO growth charts.

RESULTS:

102 (75%) of mothers had initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of delivery. Adequate knowledge and practice of breastfeeding was present only in 4 (2.5%) and 3 (1.9%), respectively. It was found that 13.75% of women were using formula feed. The prevalence of underweight and less than normal length was 40% (n = 64) and 34.37% (n = 55) among infants, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

This study emphasizes the importance of awareness among lactating mothers about the hindmilk, appropriate practice, and to find its effect on the nourishment of the children.
Effective management of sedentary behavior among Indian university students: An empirical exploration into health-related behavior
Authors: Khatri Somya , Sharma Ritu
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The past few years have witnessed a notable rise in sedentary tendencies, unveiling a modern era of prolonged stillness and diminished physical engagement. This study sought to assess the feasibility of a digital health intervention (DHI) to reduce overall sedentary behavior among university students. The study also identifies distinct subgroups within Indian universities that exhibit a heightened propensity for engaging in unhealthy behaviors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The research design used was a quasi-experimental (pre–post) design. A total of 500 participants were selected using a simple randomized sampling method (250 belonging to the control group and 250 belonging to the experimental group). These participants actively engaged in the study for 2 weeks. The participants completed the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) before the intervention to evaluate their level of sedentary behavior. To evaluate the impact of the intervention on subjectively measured sedentary behavior, statistical analyses were conducted using the paired-samples t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the post
hoc Bonferroni test.

RESULTS:

The findings demonstrated a significant t-value of sedentary behavior for the entire group, with t(249) = 4.88, P < .05. Furthermore, the F-value of 28.787 indicated a statistically significant difference in the sedentary behavior between the experimental and control groups. When considering female university students specifically, the t-value for sedentary behavior was significant at t(105) = 3.22, P < .05, and for male university students, the t-value for sedentary behavior was found to be significant at t(143) = 3.69, P < .05.

CONCLUSION:

Smartphone-based health interventions targeting sedentary behavior reduction demonstrated promising outcomes in facilitating health behavior change among university students.
The role of maternal health beliefs in prevention of preschoolers’ obesity
Authors: Hatefnia Effat , Azizi Parvin , Qorbani Mostafa , Safari-Moradabadi Ali
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Childhood obesity is one of the most serious global public health challenges of the 21stcentury, affecting every country in the world. Mothers’ beliefs and perceptions about their children’s obesity and overweight are key to obesity prevention. Given the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to determine perceptions and beliefs of mothers’ nutritional behaviors related to overweight preschool children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 mothers of preschool children with health records who were referred to child health assessment centers. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the health belief model. SPSS19 was used for data analysis.P< 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:

The participants (350) included 52% 25–36 years old, and 57.3% live in rural areas. There was a significant difference in the mean perceived susceptibility between mothers with obese children and normal-weight children (P< 0.05). There was a significant positive relationship between severity and perceived benefits and a significant negative relationship with mothers’ knowledge. There was also a significant negative relationship between self-efficacy and perceived barriers (P> 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this study showed that maternal health beliefs were effective in the formation of obesity prevention behaviors in children. In this regard, educational interventions can play an important role in the proper practice of such behaviors.
Development and psychometric evaluation of a tool to assess oncology nurses’ occupational health needs
Authors: Soheili Mozhgan , Jokar Fariba , Eghbali-Babadi Maryam , Taleghani Fariba
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Oncology nurses are confronted with various occupational hazards; consequently, it is of great importance to identify and measure their occupational health needs. Due to the fact that standard tools are not available to assess these needs, this study was conducted to develop a tool for assessing oncology nurses’ occupational health needs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study consisted of two phases from 2020 to 2021. The first phase was item generation and tool design. The initial development of the item pool was based on the result of the qualitative study and literature search. The second phase was item reduction and psychometric evaluation of the formulated tool including, face, content, and construct validity and reliability. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity with the participation of 300 oncology nurses. The reliability of the tool was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test-retest (intra-cluster correlation coefficient).

RESULTS:

The mean content validity index (CVI) of the tool was 0.95. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that this tool consisted of 69 items and four factors, explaining 65.88% of the variance. The results of the convergent validity assessment showed a significant positive correlation between the mean scores of occupational health needs and occupational stress (P < 0.0001 and r = 0.40). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.98) and tool stability (0.98) confirmed the appropriate reliability of the tool.

CONCLUSION:

The developed tool is recommended as a valid and reliable tool for assessing oncology nurses’ occupational health needs that can be used both in practice and in future studies.
Radiographic Estimation of Association between Condylar Morphology, Ramal Height, and Mandibular Plane Angle in Various Growth Patterns in District Solan Population in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Aggarwal Isha , Bagal Shilpa , Mittal Sanjay , Goyal Merry , Vishavkarma Pallavi , Avasthi Avijit
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

In young adults, the mandibular condyle plays an essential role in the stability of long-term orthodontic and orthognathic treatments. Its morphology varies significantly between individuals and is associated with age, sex, facial type, occlusal force, functional load, malocclusion type, and right and left sides.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to estimate the association between morphology of condyle, ramus height, and mandibular plane (MP) angle in young adult patients with various vertical skeletal growth patterns.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted on 90 pretreatment panoramic radiographs of subjects aged between 17 and 21 year of age; the patients were divided into three groups as hypodivergent, normodiveregent, and hyperdivergent with 30 subjects in each group on the basis of Sella-Nasion-MP angle. Various parameters were measured to record the condyle morphology, ramus height, and mandibular angle for all the groups.

Results:

The intergroup comparisons showed that hypodivergent group has statistically significantly greater values compared to those in the hyperdivergent group. A statistically significant difference was detected between the normodivergent and hypodivergent groups only in the condylar area measurements

Conclusion:

The condylar height was greater in patient with Class I malocclusion. The condylar height width and other perimeters were greater in males than females.
Interdisciplinary Management of Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst
Authors: Guruprasad C. N. , Aravind A. , Ramadevi S.
Published: April 2024

Wright in 1981 identified orthokeratinized variant of the odontogenic keratocyst and named it as orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC). Due to its different histopathology and reduced likelihood to recur, he held it to be distinct from the parakeratotic type. It usually occurs in the mandible and after surgical removal, it showed rare recurrence. Numerous studies have shown that OOC has typical characteristic clinicopathologic features when compared to other developmental odontogenic lesions such as keratocystic odontogenic tumors and dentigerous cysts. This case report is a typical example of an odontogenic lesion diagnosed histopathologically as OOC in the maxilla having clinic-radiographic features similar to dentigerous cyst. Interdisciplinary management of OCC helps in proper diagnosis, plan treatment, and provide the best quality of care to the patient.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Status at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Uttarakhand: A Retrospective Record-Based Study
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Katre Rohit , Singh Mahendra , Saxena Vartika
Published: April 2024

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has proved its importance and effectiveness in the fight against COVID-19. India began the world’s largest vaccination campaign against COVID-19 on 16th January 2021 with two vaccines, namely, Covishield and Covaxin.

Aims:

The present study was conducted to understand the trend of COVID-19 vaccination during the 1st year of the vaccination drive at a COVID Vaccination Centre in a tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand.

Patients and Methods:

It was a retrospective record-based study conducted at a COVID-19 Vaccination Centre in a tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand. Vaccination-related data of 1-year period (16th January 2021–16th January 2022) had been collected from the CoWIN app and COVID-19 vaccination register and analysed.

Results:

The total dose administered was 63,015 over a time period of 1 year during 299 vaccination sessions that were conducted. Analysis of total doses administered in relation to vaccination sessions held during different months of 1-year study period shows that on average, 199 individuals per session were vaccinated. There was an overall declining trend in the COVID-19 vaccine wastage rate for 1-year period of COVID-19 vaccination.

Conclusion:

This study will help us to understand how this experience of the past 1 year can be utilised for further planning and policy making.
The Relationship of the Traumatic Birth Perception of Women with Birth Memories and Recall
Authors: Yilmaz NNK , Kiliç M
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

A traumatic childbirth experience can have both short- and long-term health and well-being consequences for the woman and her family. If a woman experiences traumatic childbirth and retains negative memories for a long time, this may impact her future childbirth experience, mother-infant bonding and breastfeeding problems, and her relationship with other family members.

Aim:

The research was conducted to evaluate the relationship between women’s traumatic birth perception and birth memory and recall.

Material and Method:

This descriptive study was conducted at Erzurum Research Hospital between August 16 and October 2021. Two hundred sixty women who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study sample. The personal information protocol, “Traumatic Childbirth Perception Scale,” and “Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire” were used to collect data.

Results:

The participants’ mean age was 30.13 ± 5.85, and 43.4% had their first birth. Of the participants, 45% had one living child, 72.9% had a planned pregnancy, and 62.8% had a normal birth. Whereas more than a third of women in the study perceived childbirth and childbirth processes as moderately traumatic, another third had a high and very high perception. The birth memories and recall mean scores of the mothers within the scope of the study were 81.09 ± 22.69. According to the study results, it was determined that women’s birth memories and recall were negatively affected as their traumatic childbirth perceptions increased.

Conclusion:

It is possible to reduce traumatic childbirth perception with the continuous care and support provided by midwives during childbirth. Improving women’s traumatic childbirth perception will also positively impact women’s long-term memories of childbirth experience.
Tranexamic Acid and Tourniquet: Which Combination Reduces Blood Loss Most Effectively?
Authors: Bayrak HC , Adiguzel IF , Demir M , Tarlacık AO
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Blood loss during and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can lead to substantial morbidity and the need for blood transfusions. There are several methods to minimize blood loss and decrease transfusion rates in patients undergoing TKA. Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent with known efficacy for achieving these goals, is combined with tourniquets to reduce bleeding in arthroplasty surgeries. Our study investigated the effects of various combinations of tranexamic acid and tourniquet use on bleeding in knee arthroplasty in 558 patients.

Aim:

We aimed to determine the method that would provide the least blood loss and transfusion need in knee arthroplasty surgery.

Methods:

Between January 2018 and December 2022, 558 patients aged between 55 and 85 years underwent TKA surgery for grade 4 gonarthrosis in our clinic, and their decrease in hemoglobin value and whether they were transfused or not were analyzed. The patients were divided into four groups based on use of tranexamic acid and tourniquet. Demographic variables and patient data (body mass index, INR values, and preoperative hemoglobin values) were recorded.

Results:

There were 558 patients with a mean age of 68.19 (67 ± 6.949) years. In group 1, tranexamic acid was not used in 128 patients and tourniquet was used only during cementation; in group 2, in 132 patients, tranexamic acid was not used and tourniquet was used throughout the surgery; in group 3, in 158 patients, tranexamic acid was used and tourniquet was used throughout the surgery; in group 4, in 140 patients, tranexamic acid was used and tourniquet was used only during cementation. The decrease in hemoglobin value and transfusion rate was lowest in group 3 and highest in group 1. Besides, there was a greater decrease in hemoglobin value in group 2 than in group 4 and the transfusion rate was similar.

Conclusions:

This clinical study showed that using tranexamic acid and a tourniquet throughout surgery significantly reduced the decrease in hemoglobin value and the need for transfusion.
Evaluation of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Iranian Smokers and Non-smokers
Authors: Shoorgashti R , Moshiri A , Lesan S
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Tobacco smoking statistics are alarming and the oral mucosa is the first human part of the body that is exposed to the toxic substances of smoking.

Aims:

Considering the high prevalence rate of tobacco-associated problems in the oral cavity and few studies on the Iranian population regarding the effects of smoking on the oral cavity, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between smoking and oral lesions in the Iranian population.

Materials and Methods:

Observational study. In this observational study, the oral cavities of 200 participants (smokers = 100 and non-smokers = 100) were examined by a trained dental student under the supervision of an oral and maxillofacial medicine expert, and the presence of coated tongue, leukoedema, leukoplakia, smoker’s palate, smoker’s melanosis, erythroplakia, frictional hyperkeratosis, acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, and erythematous candidiasis were recorded. Xerostomia was evaluated based on participants’ self-reporting through a questionnaire. All data were analyzed using T-test, Chi-square test, odd ratio, 95% confidence interval, Fisher’s exact test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

Results:

The results of this study showed smoking is significantly associated with an increased risk of coated tongue (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.32-3.54, P = 0.005), smoker’s melanosis (OR: 6.176, 95% CI: 3.28-11.62, P = 0.00002), and frictional hyperkeratosis (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.68-2.60, P = 0.005). However, no significant association was observed between smoking and leukoedema (OR: 1, 95% CI: 0.51-1.94, P = 1). None of the participants presented smoker’s palate, erythroplakia, and candidiasis.

Conclusions:

This study’s results showed that smokers exhibited a greater chance of developing oral lesions compared to non-smokers.