bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Metabolomics Study of Glucosinolates in Four Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Samples from Different Origins Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Deng Suchong , Ma Xiaoqing , Ding Qiang , Hou Xilin
Published: September 2024

Glucosinolates are important plant secondary metabolites that are involved in plant defense responses and have beneficial effects on human life and health. Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is an aquatic vegetable rich in glucosinolates. This study utilized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to compare and analyze four watercress samples from different origins. A total of 35 glucosinolates were identified, including 33 differential glucosinolates, and their relative content in different samples was determined. Differential metabolite screening revealed significant differences in the watercress from Guangdong, China (GD), compared with other samples. It contained two specific glucosinolates: 2(R)-Hydroxy-2-Phenylethyl glucosinolate and 4-Benzoyloxybutyl glucosinolate. The watercress from the United States of America (MG) had the highest total glucosinolate content. Genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis, such as NoCYP83A1 and NoSUR1, were also expressed differently in the four samples. This study provides a reference for further investigation of glucosinolate metabolites in the four watercress samples and the utilization of glucosinolates in watercress.
Norisoprenoid Accumulation under Genotype and Vintage Effects in Vitis vinifera L. Wine Varieties
Authors: Li Xiangyi , Ahmad Naveed , Gao Yuan , Wang Yachen , Meng Xiao , Duan Changqing , Lu Jiang , Pan Qiuhong
Published: September 2024

Norisoprenoids are important chemical compounds to grape and wine aroma, and their content in the grape berries can be greatly affected by varietal, terroir, and environmental factors. In this study, we investigate how major factors, such as genotype and climate conditions, influence the physicochemical properties of grape juice, volatile C13-norisoprenoid compounds, and gene expression profiles of three Vitis vinifera grape varieties: Muscat blanc à Petit grain, Muscat à petits grains rouges, and Gewürztraminer during the production period in 2010 and 2011. The total soluble solids (TSS) of both Muscat varieties were significantly higher in 2011 compared to 2010, reflecting interannual climatic variations, while Gewürztraminer showed no significant differences. At full maturity, total acid of all three cultivars was consistent between the years, indicating genetic determination. Thirteen norisoprenoids were identified, with Muscat varieties showing consistently higher levels than Gewürztraminer, irrespective of the production year. Varietal differences were significant for 13 out of 14 volatile compounds, and vintage effects were notable for 11 compounds, including key aroma contributors β-damascenone and β-ionone. OPLS-DA analysis highlighted distinct volatile profiles for each variety and vintage, influenced by climatic factors such as precipitation and sunlight hours. Gene expression analysis revealed strong correlations between VvCCD1, VvCCD4a, and VvCCD4b genes and C13-norisoprenoid accumulation, with these genes also implicated in the ABA biosynthesis pathway. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VvCCD1, VvCCD4a, and VvCCD4b were linked to variations in norisoprenoid content among the cultivars. Altogether, these findings revealed the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in shaping the physicochemical properties for the grape, volatile profiles, and gene expression patterns of grape berries, with significant implications for viticulture and the winemaking process.
Predicting Flood Inundation after a Dike Breach Using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network
Authors: Besseling Leon S. , Bomers Anouk , Hulscher Suzanne J. M. H.
Published: September 2024

Hydrodynamic models are often used to obtain insights into potential dike breaches, because dike breaches can have severe consequences. However, their high computational cost makes them unsuitable for real-time flood forecasting. Machine learning models are a promising alternative, as they offer reasonable accuracy at a significant reduction in computation time. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network in fast flood modelling for a dike breach in the Netherlands, using training data from a 1D–2D hydrodynamic model. The LSTM uses the outflow hydrograph of the dike breach as input and produces water depths on all grid cells in the hinterland for all time steps as output. The results show that the LSTM accurately reflects the behaviour of overland flow: from fast rising and high water depths near the breach to slowly rising and lower water depths further away. The water depth prediction is very accurate (MAE = 0.045 m, RMSE = 0.13 m), and the inundation extent closely matches that of the hydrodynamic model throughout the flood event (Critical Success Index = 94%). We conclude that machine learning techniques are suitable for fast modelling of the complex dynamics of dike breach floods.
Hypothermia for Cardioprotection in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Pyrpyris Nikolaos , Dimitriadis Kyriakos , Iliakis Panagiotis , Theofilis Panagiotis , Beneki Eirini , Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Sakalidis Athanasios , Antonopoulos Alexios , Aznaouridis Konstantinos , Tsioufis Konstantinos
Published: September 2024

Early revascularization for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is of outmost importance in limiting infarct size and associated complications, as well as for improving long-term survival and outcomes. However, reperfusion itself may further damage the myocardium and increase the infarct size, a condition commonly recognized as myocardial reperfusion injury. Several strategies have been developed for limiting the associated with reperfusion myocardial damage, including hypothermia. Hypothermia has been shown to limit the degree of infarct size increase, when started before reperfusion, in several animal models. Systemic hypothermia, however, failed to show any benefit, due to adverse events and potentially insufficient myocardial cooling. Recently, the novel technique of intracoronary selective hypothermia is being tested, with preclinical and clinical results being of particular interest. Therefore, in this review, we will describe the pathophysiology of myocardial reperfusion injury and the cardioprotective mechanics of hypothermia, report the animal and clinical evidence in both systemic and selective hypothermia and discuss the potential future directions and clinical perspectives in the context of cardioprotection for myocardial reperfusion injury.
The Collaborative Outcome Study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT): Results from Cyprus
Authors: Papatriantafyllou Evangelia , Efthymiou Dimitris , Felekkis Kyriakos , Solmi Marco , Correll Christoph U. , Thompson Trevor , Estradé Andrés , Tsokani Sofia , Kontouli Katerina-Maria , Seitidis Georgios , Koutsiouroumpa Ourania , Mavridis Dimitris , Christogiannis Christos , Vassilopoulou Emilia
Published: September 2024

Many studies have shown that COVID-19 caused many problems in mental health. This paper presents the results of the Cyprus sample, part of the global initiative named “The Collaborative Outcomes Study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times” (COH-FIT). Methods: The study took place from April 2019 to January 2022, using the Greek version of the online standard COH-FIT questionnaire on 917 Cypriot adults. Weighted t-tests were applied to test the differences between pre-pandemic and intra-pandemic scores using the anesrake package. Results: Participant responses indicated a significant negative impact of the pandemic on measures of mental health (−7.55; 95% CI: −9.01 to −6.07), with worsening in the scores for anxiety (12.05; 95% CI: 9.33 to 14.77), well-being (−11.06; 95% CI: −12.69 to −9.45) and depression (4.60; 95% CI: 2.06 to 7.14). Similar negative effects were observed for feelings of anger (12.92; 95% CI: 10.54 to 15.29), helplessness (9.66; 95% CI: 7.25 to 12.07), fear (22.25; 95% CI: 19.25 to 25.26), and loneliness (12.52; 95% CI: 9.94 to15.11). Increased use of social media (0.89; 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.09), internet (0.86; 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.04), and substance consumption (0.06; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.11) were reported, along with a significant decrease in physical health (−3.45; 95% CI: −4.59 to −2.32), self-care (−7.10; 95% CI: −9.00 to −5.20), and social function (−11.27; 95% CI: −13.19 to −9.35), including support (−0.72; 95% CI: −1.09 to −0.34) and family function (−7.97; 95% CI: −9.90 to −6.05). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the daily life and emotional well-being of Cypriots. Identifying factors that influence vulnerability and resilience is essential to prioritize mental health support and address the long-term effects of the pandemic.
Therapeutic Effect of Superficial Scalp Hypothermia on Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Mokbel Kefah , Kodresko Alevtina , Trembley Jon , Jouhara Hussam
Published: September 2024

Alopecia is a common adverse effect of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer. While hair typically regrows over time, more than 40% of patients continue to suffer from permanent partial alopecia, significantly affecting body image, psychological well-being, and quality of life. This concern is a recognized reason why some breast cancer patients decline life-saving chemotherapy. It is critical for healthcare professionals to consider the impact of this distressing side effect and adopt supportive measures to mitigate it. Among the various strategies investigated to reduce chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA), scalp cooling has emerged as the most effective. This article reviews the pathophysiology of CIA and examines the efficacy of different scalp cooling methods. Scalp cooling has been shown to reduce the incidence of CIA, defined as less than 50% hair loss, by 50% in patients receiving chemotherapy. It is associated with high patient satisfaction and does not significantly increase the risk of scalp metastasis or compromise overall survival. Promising new scalp cooling technologies, such as cryogenic nitrogen oxide cryotherapy, offer the potential to achieve and maintain lower scalp temperatures, potentially enhancing therapeutic effects. Further investigation into these approaches is warranted. Research on CIA is hindered by significant heterogeneity and the lack of standardised methods for assessing hair loss. To advance the field, further interdisciplinary research is crucial to develop preclinical models of CIA, establish a uniform, internationally accepted and standardised classification system, and establish an objective, personalised prognosis monitoring system.
Risk Factors for Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension and Post-Transplant Complications in Keratoconus: A Multivariable Analysis
Authors: Nandzik Magdalena , Wylęgała Adam , Szkodny Dominika , Wróblewska-Czajka Ewa , Wylęgała Edward , Orzechowska-Wylęgała Bogusława
Published: September 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for glaucoma in patients with keratoconus following keratoplasty and to identify potential factors that could affect post-transplant complications. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 192 keratoconus patients who underwent keratoplasty. Data on treatment history, perioperative information, tissue bank data, postoperative regimens, complications, and infections were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with glaucoma and transplant complications. Results: There was a 41.6% incidence of glaucoma (high IOP) (p < 0.001), with the median time to glaucoma development being 314 ± 67 days post-transplant. A significant number of patients required surgical intervention, accounting for 48.05%. Our analysis revealed a 14% graft failure rate. On univariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, the following factors demonstrated statistically significant associations with the risk of glaucoma after transplantation: donor endothelial cell density, the use of a single continuous suture type, and the surgeon (performing the surgery). For many variables, the only factor that remained significant was the surgeon. Among the factors analyzed for risks of failure post-transplantation, significant associations were observed for the donor age, the time from harvest to transplant, and the surgeon. In the multivariable analysis, donor age emerged as a significant predictor of post-transplant complications. Conclusions: Risk factors such as donor endothelial cell density, suture type, surgeon, host and donor size, and host gender were found to increase the risk of developing glaucoma post-keratoplasty. Surgeon type was identified as a significant risk factor, while donor age was predictive of post-transplant complications.
Von Willebrand Factor Antigen, Biomarkers of Inflammation, and Microvascular Flap Thrombosis in Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Rocans Rihards Peteris , Zarins Janis , Bine Evita , Mahauri Insana , Deksnis Renars , Citovica Margarita , Donina Simona , Vanags Indulis , Gravelsina Sabine , Vilmane Anda , Rasa-Dzelzkaleja Santa , Mamaja Biruta
Published: September 2024

Background: Microvascular flap surgery has become a routine option for defect correction. The role of von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) in the pathophysiology of flap complications is not fully understood. We aim to investigate the predictive value of VWF:Ag for microvascular flap complications and explore the relationship between chronic inflammation and VWF:Ag. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 88 adult patients undergoing elective microvascular flap surgery. Preoperative blood draws were collected on the day of surgery before initiation of crystalloids. The plasma concentration of VWF:Ag as well as albumin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), interleukin-6, and fibrinogen were determined. Results: The overall complication rate was 27.3%, and true flap loss occurred in 11.4%. VWF:Ag levels were higher in true flap loss when compared to patients without complications (217.94 IU/dL [137.27–298.45] vs. 114.14 [95.67–132.71], p = 0.001). Regression analysis revealed the association between VWF:Ag and true flap loss at the cutoff of 163.73 IU/dL (OR 70.22 [10.74–485.28], p = 0.043). Increased VWF:Ag concentrations were linked to increases in plasma fibrinogen (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), interleukin-6 (p = 0.032), and NLR (p = 0.019). Conclusions: Preoperative plasma VWF:Ag concentration is linked to biomarkers of inflammation and may be valuable in predicting complications in microvascular flap surgery.
Renal Outcome in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Total Coronary Revascularization via Anterior Minithoracotomy Compared to Full Median Sternotomy Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Sellin Christian , Laube Sarah , Demianenko Volodymyr , Balan Robert , Dörge Hilmar , Benoehr Peter
Published: September 2024

Objective: Renal dysfunction and acute renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are among the main causes of increased mortality and morbidity. A sternum-sparing concept of minimally invasive total coronary revascularization via anterior minithoracotomy (TCRAT) was introduced with promising early and midterm outcomes in multivessel coronary artery disease. There are limited data regarding renal complications in patients undergoing the TCRAT technique. The present study analyzed renal outcomes in TCRAT compared to CABG via full median sternotomy (FS). Methods: We analyzed the records of 227 consecutive TCRAT patients (from September 2021 to June 2023) and 228 consecutive FS patients (from January 2017 to December 2018) who underwent nonemergent CABG. Following propensity score matching, preoperative baseline characteristics—including age, sex, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction, EuroSCORE II, preoperative serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum urea, and pre-existing chronic renal insufficiency—were comparable between the TCRAT (n = 170) and the FS group (n = 170). The examined postoperative renal parameters and complications were serum creatinine, eGFR, and serum urea on the first postoperative day. Moreover, serum creatinine, eGFR and serum urea at the time of discharge, postoperative ARF, and hemodialysis were investigated. Additionally, the duration of operation, CPB time, aortic cross-clamp time, ICU and hospital stay, ECMO support, rethoracotomy and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. The parameters were compared between groups using a Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The duration of operation (332 ± 66 vs. 257 ± 61 min; p < 0.05), CPB time (161 ± 40 vs. 116 ± 38 min; p < 0.05), and aortic cross-clamp time (100 ± 31 vs. 76 ± 26; p < 0.05) were longer in the TCRAT group. ICU (1.8 ± 2.2 vs. 2.9 ± 3.6 days; p < 0.05) and hospital (10.4 ± 7.6 vs. 12.4 ± 7.5 days; p < 0.05) stays were shorter in the TCRAT group. There were no differences between groups with regard to the renal parameters examined. Conclusions: Despite a prolonged duration of operation, CPB time, and aortic cross-clamp time when using the TCRAT technique, no increase in renal complications were found. In addition, ICU and hospital stays in the TCRAT group were shorter compared to CABG via full median sternotomy.
Value of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Identifying Osteoarticular Septic Grafts in Suspected Infective Endocarditis: Results from a Large Monocentric Cohort
Authors: Luczak Cédric , Lerman Lionel , Pina Vegas Laura , Emsen Berivan , Hugues Benjamin , Lepeule Raphaël , Ternacle Julien , Huguet Raphaëlle , Lim Pascal , Decousser Jean-Winoc , Fiore Antonio , Itti Emmanuel , Chevalier Xavier , Abilizi Mukedaisi , Eymard Florent
Published: September 2024

Background: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–CT (FDG-PET/CT) is useful for identifying infective endocarditis (IE) but also the detection of other concomitant septic foci. Previously, we found that FDG-PET/CT identified an osteoarthritic septic graft (OASG) in 19.1% of IE patients, frequently asymptomatic. These preliminary results encouraged us to extend our analyses to a larger population, including all patients initially explored for suspected IE, to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and OASG locations brought out by FDG-PET/CT and to identify predictive factors. Methods: From a single-center cohort of patients referred for a clinical and/or biological suspicion of IE, we included all patients who underwent FDG-PET/CT, mainly performed to confirm a prosthesis heart valve or a foreign cardiac device infection. We excluded those who did not meet the 2015 modified Duke Criteria and those for whom another infectious diagnosis was finally retained or for whom all bacterial samples were negative. Demographic, clinical, bacteriological, imaging, and therapeutic data were collected. FDG-PET/CT images were retrospectively analyzed by three blinded nuclear medicine specialists to identify OASGs. Results: We identified 72 distinct OASG locations by FDG-PET/CT in 48 of 174 patients (27.6%), mainly located in the spine (21 OASGs in 20 patients); 14 patients (8.0%) had several OASG locations. In total, 43.8% of OASG locations were asymptomatic. In multivariate analysis, the presence of OASGs was associated with musculoskeletal pain (p < 0.001) and tricuspid valve involvement (p = 0.002). Conclusions: FDG-PET/CT is useful for identifying OASGs in patients with suspected IE, especially those with tricuspid IE or musculoskeletal pain. The identification of OASGs could impact antibiotic therapy and would allow adapted orthopedic management to be proposed.
Characteristics of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Trials Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: D’Andria Ursoleo Jacopo , Bugo Samuele , Losiggio Rosario , Bottussi Alice , Agosta Viviana Teresa , Monaco Fabrizio
Published: September 2024

Background/Objective: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) poses a substantial public health concern. A collective evaluation of clinical trials is crucial for understanding systemic trends and progress within a specific research area of interest, ultimately shaping future directions. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of trials in the adult OHCA population registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods: Aided by medical subject headings (MeSH), we systematically searched the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Trends over time were assessed with the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test. The association between publication year and annual number was assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Out of 152 trials spanning the 2003–2023 period, 29.6% were observational and 70.4% were interventional. Compared with the observational trials, interventional trials were more often randomized (RCT) and achieved full publication status in 84% of cases (p = 0.03). The primary focus of interventional trials was “procedures” (43%), “devices” (23%), and “drugs” (21%). Observational studies focused on “biomarkers” (16%) and “diagnostic test” (13%) (p < 0.001). A decrement in the number of interventional trials with a sample size ≥100 patients across three temporal study points was observed. Nevertheless, published studies predominantly had a sample size ≥100 patients (76%), in contrast to unpublished trials (p ≤ 0.001). An increase in the number of interventional studies funded by the “academic/university” sector was also recorded. Conclusions: Clinical trials on OHCA primarily involved interventions aimed at treatment and were more often randomized, single-center, with small (<100) sample sizes, and funded by the “academic/university” sector.
The Myosin-V Myo51 and Alpha-Actinin Ain1p Cooperate during Contractile Ring Assembly and Disassembly in Fission Yeast Cytokinesis
Authors: Tyree Zoe L. , Bellingham-Johnstun Kimberly , Martinez-Baird Jessica , Laplante Caroline
Published: September 2024

Cytokinesis is driven in part by the constriction of a ring of actin filaments, myosin motors and other proteins. In fission yeast, three myosins contribute to cytokinesis including a Myosin-V Myo51. As Myosin-Vs typically carry cargo along actin filaments, the role of Myo51 in cytokinesis remains unclear. The previous work suggests that Myo51 may crosslink actin filaments. We hypothesized that if Myo51 crosslinks actin filaments, cells carrying double deletions of ain1, which encodes the crosslinker alpha-actinin, and myo51 (∆ain1 ∆myo51 cells) will exhibit more severe cytokinesis phenotypes than cells with the single ∆ain1 mutation. Contrary to our expectations, we found that the loss of Myo51 in ∆ain1 cells partially rescued the severity of the node clumping phenotype measured in ∆ain1 cells. Furthermore, we describe a normal process of contractile ring “shedding”, the appearance of fragments of ring material extending away from the contractile ring along the ingressing septum that occurs in the second half of constriction. We measured that ∆ain1 ∆myo51 cells exhibit premature and exaggerated shedding. Our work suggests that Myo51 is not a simple actin filament crosslinker. Instead, a role in effective node motion better recapitulates its function during ring assembly and disassembly.
China’s Legal Practices Concerning Challenges of Artificial General Intelligence
Authors: Chen Bing , Chen Jiaying
Published: September 2024

The artificial general intelligence (AGI) industry, represented by ChatGPT, has impacted social order during its development, and also brought various risks and challenges, such as ethical concerns in science and technology, attribution of liability, intellectual property monopolies, data security, and algorithm manipulation. The development of AI is currently facing a crisis of trust. Therefore, the governance of the AGI industry must be prioritized, and the opportunity for the implementation of the Interim Administrative Measures for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services should be taken. It is necessary to enhance the norms for the supervision and management of scientific and technological ethics within the framework of the rule of law. Additionally, it is also essential to continuously improve the regulatory system for liability, balance the dual values of fair competition and innovation encouragement, and strengthen data-security protection systems in the field of AI. All of these will enable coordinated governance across multiple domains, stakeholders, systems, and tools.
The Mirror Theory: Parallels between Open Angle and Angle Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Potop Vasile , Dragosloveanu Christiana Diana Maria , Ciocâlteu Alina Mihaela , Burcel Miruna Gabriela , Marinescu Maria Cristina , Dăscălescu Dana Margareta Cornelia
Published: September 2024

Glaucoma is a widespread ophthalmological disease, with a high impact and frequent visual morbidity. While the physiopathology of the two types of primary glaucoma (open angle and angle closure) has been studied, there seems to be little relationship between the two. In this study, we gather clinical and preclinical data to support the idea that the two primary glaucomas are “mirrored” in terms of morphological parameters and disease physiopathology. In short, primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is associated with hyperopia and low axial length, and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is associated with myopia and high axial length. Moreover, in PACG and in primary angle closure or primary angle closure suspect cases, while there is extensive iridotrabecular contact, the intraocular pressure (IOP) is still maintained in the lower half of the normal range throughout the evolution of the disease, which suggests a baseline trabecular hyperfiltration in PACG. In the opposite case, myopic eyes with open angles and a higher risk of developing POAG often have a baseline IOP in the upper half of the normal range, suggesting a baseline trabecular hypofiltration. As we explore clinical, genetic and animal model data regarding these opposing aspects, we hypothesize the existence of a mirroring relationship between PACG and POAG. Defining the relationship between the two potentially blinding diseases, with a high prevalence worldwide, may aid in understanding the mechanisms better and refining diagnosis and treatment. Thus, our theory has been named the Mirror Theory of Primary Glaucomas.
Vaccination Rates in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases and Immunomodulatory Systemic Therapies—Vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus or Varicella Zoster Virus
Authors: Stephan Brigitte , Meineke Anna , Augustin Matthias , Sorbe Christina
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The national guidelines and the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) in Germany support preventive vaccinations for patients under immunomodulatory treatments. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of data from patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases from December 2021 to December 2022 with a focus on preventive vaccinations against influenza virus, varicella zoster virus, or SARS-CoV-2. Results: Patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases were referred to our university outpatient’s clinic for recommendations of systemic therapy. Vaccinations against influenza virus, varicella zoster virus, or SARS-CoV-2 were documented in 7365 analyzed patient files. A total of 79.7% were completely vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, 49.7% patients were vaccinated against the influenza virus, and only 9.2% were completely vaccinated against varicella zoster virus. Discussion: In our patients who came for counselling before or during systemic treatment, vaccination rates against SARS-CoV-2, varicella zoster virus, or influenza virus were low. Patients age 60 and above had higher rates than the average German population of the same age, but still no satisfying protection. Conclusions: We suggest informing patients about preventive vaccination before and during systemic immunomodulatory treatments and emphasize the need for active communication in this vulnerable patient group.
Strong Sandwich-Type Results for Fractional Integral of the Extended q-Analogue of Multiplier Transformation
Authors: Alb Lupaş Alina
Published: September 2024

In this research, we obtained several strong differential subordinations and strong differential superordinations, which gave sandwich-type results for the fractional integral of the extended q-analogue of multiplier transformation.
Identifiability and Parameter Estimation of Within-Host Model of HIV with Immune Response
Authors: Liyanage Yuganthi R. , Mirsaleh Kohan Leila , Martcheva Maia , Tuncer Necibe
Published: September 2024

This study examines the interactions between healthy target cells, infected target cells, virus particles, and immune cells within an HIV model. The model exhibits two equilibrium points: an infection-free equilibrium and an infection equilibrium. Stability analysis shows that the infection-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R0<1. Further, it is unstable when R0>1. The infection equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R0>1. The structural and practical identifiabilities of the within-host model for HIV infection dynamics were investigated using differential algebra techniques and Monte Carlo simulations. The HIV model was structurally identifiable by observing the total uninfected and infected target cells, immune cells, and viral load. Monte Carlo simulations assessed the practical identifiability of parameters. The production rate of target cells (λ), the death rate of healthy target cells (d), the death rate of infected target cells (δ), and the viral production rate by infected cells (π) were practically identifiable. The rate of infection of target cells by the virus (β), the death rate of infected cells by immune cells (Ψ), and antigen-driven proliferation rate of immune cells (b) were not practically identifiable. Practical identifiability was constrained by the noise and sparsity of the data. Analysis shows that increasing the frequency of data collection can significantly improve the identifiability of all parameters. This highlights the importance of optimal data sampling in HIV clinical studies, as it determines the best time points, frequency, and the number of sample points required to accurately capture the dynamics of the HIV infection within a host.
A Novel Method for Separating Full and Empty Adeno-Associated Viral Capsids Using Ultrafiltration
Authors: Sarmah Deepraj , Husson Scott M.
Published: September 2024

Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) are the predominant viral vectors used for gene therapy applications. A significant challenge in obtaining effective doses is removing non-therapeutic empty viral capsids lacking DNA cargo. Current methods for separating full (gene-containing) and empty capsids are challenging to scale, produce low product yields, are slow, and are difficult to operationalize for continuous biomanufacturing. This communication demonstrates the feasibility of separating full and empty capsids by ultrafiltration. Separation performance was quantified by measuring the sieving coefficients for full and empty capsids using ELISA, qPCR, and an infectivity assay based on the live cell imaging of green fluorescent protein expression. We demonstrated that polycarbonate track-etched membranes with a pore size of 30 nm selectively permeated empty capsids to full capsids, with a high recovery yield (89%) for full capsids. The average sieving coefficients of full and empty capsids obtained through ELISA/qPCR were calculated as 0.25 and 0.49, indicating that empty capsids were about twice as permeable as full capsids. Establishing ultrafiltration as a viable unit operation for separating full and empty AAV capsids has implications for developing the scale-free continuous purification of AAVs.
Petrogenesis of Eocene A-Type Granite Associated with the Yingpanshan–Damanbie Regolith-Hosted Ion-Adsorption Rare Earth Element Deposit in the Tengchong Block, Southwest China
Authors: Tang Zhong , Pan Zewei , Ming Tianxue , Li Rong , He Xiaohu , Wen Hanjie , Yu Wenxiu
Published: September 2024

The ion-adsorption-type rare earth element (iREE) deposits dominantly supply global resources of the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), which have a critical role in a variety of advanced technological applications. The initial enrichment of REEs in the parent granites controls the formation of iREE deposits. Many Mesozoic and Cenozoic granites are associated with iREE mineralization in the Tengchong block, Southwest China. However, it is unclear how vital the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of these granites are to the formation of iREE mineralization. We conducted geochronology, geochemistry, and Hf isotope analyses of the Yingpanshan–Damanbie granitoids associated with the iREE deposit in the Tengchong block with the aims to discuss their petrogenesis and illustrate the process of the initial REE enrichment in the granites. The results showed that the Yingpanshan–Damanbie pluton consists of syenogranite and monzogranite, containing REE-bearing accessory minerals such as monazite, xenotime, apatite, zircon, allanite, and titanite, with a high REE concentration (210–626 ppm, mean value is 402 ppm). The parent granites have Zr + Nb + Ce + Y (333–747 ppm) contents and a high FeOT/MgO ratio (5.89–11.4), and are enriched in Th (mean value of 43.6 ppm), U (mean value of 4.57 ppm), Zr (mean value of 305 ppm), Hf (mean value of 7.94 ppm), Rb (mean value of 198 ppm), K (mean value of 48,902 ppm), and have depletions of Sr (mean value of 188 ppm), Ba (mean value of 699 ppm), P (mean value of 586 ppm), Ti (mean value of 2757 ppm). The granites plot in the A-type area in FeOT/MgO vs. Zr + Nb + Ce + Y and Zr vs. 10,000 Ga/Al diagrams, suggesting that they are A2-type granites. These granites are believed to have formed through the partial melting of amphibolites at a post-collisional extension setting when the Tethys Ocean closed. REE-bearing minerals (e.g., apatite, titanite, allanite, and fluorite) and rock-forming minerals (e.g., potassium feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite) supply rare earth elements in weathering regolith for the Yingpanshan–Damanbie iREE deposit.
Occurrence of Uncultured Legionella spp. in Treated Wastewater Effluent and Its Impact on Human Health (SCA.Re.S Project)
Authors: De Giglio Osvalda , Diella Giusy , Bagordo Francesco , Savino Antonella Francesca , Calabrese Angelantonio , Campanale Mariavirginia , Triggiano Francesco , Apollonio Francesca , Spagnuolo Valentina , Lopuzzo Marco , Grassi Tiziana , Caputo Maria Clementina , Brigida Silvia , Valeriani Federica , Romano Spica Vincenzo , Montagna Maria Teresa
Published: September 2024

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provide optimal conditions for the environmental spread of Legionella. As part of the Evaluation of Sanitary Risk Related to the Discharge of Wastewater to the Ground (SCA.Re.S) project, this study was conducted to evaluate the presence of Legionella in WWTP effluent and in groundwater samples collected from two wells located downstream from the plant. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of Legionella spp using the standard culture-based method and molecular techniques, followed by genomic sequencing analysis. Legionella was detected only with the molecular methods (except in one sample of effluent positive for L. pneumophila serogroup 6), which showed viable Legionella pneumophila and L. non-pneumophila through the use of free DNA removal solution in both the effluent and groundwater, with concentrations that progressively decreased downstream from the plant. Viable L. pneumophila appeared to be slightly more concentrated in warm months. However, no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in concentrations between cold and warm months were observed. A genotypic analysis characterized the species present in the samples and found that uncultured Legionella spp, as yet undefined, constituted the prevalent species in all the samples (range 77.15–83.17%). WWTPs play an important role in the hygienic and sanitary quality of groundwater for different uses. The application of Legionella control systems during the purification of effluents is warranted to prevent possible outbreaks of legionellosis.
Evaluation of the In-Vitro Effects of Albendazole, Mebendazole, and Praziquantel Nanocapsules against Protoscolices of Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Soleymani Nooshinmehr , Sadr Soheil , Santucciu Cinzia , Rahdar Abbas , Masala Giovanna , Borji Hassan
Published: September 2024

Cystic echinococcosis still remains a serious health and economic problem worldwide. The etiologic agent is Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, giving origin to a fluid-filled cystic lesion. Therapy faces several challenges. Nanodrugs have shown promise as chemotherapeutics against hydatid cysts. The present study evaluated a highly safe lipid nano-polymeric capsule for its superior efficacy and ability to overcome drug resistance. Nanocapsule drugs were formulated into six groups: Albendazole, mebendazole, praziquantel, albendazole + mebendazole, albendazole + praziquantel, and praziquantel + mebendazole. The protoscolicidal effects of these six groups were assessed at 10, 60, and 120 min in three concentrations (1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/mL). Drug formulations were evaluated via zeta potential, droplet size, solubility, particle size analyzer (PSA), and scanning electron microscopy. According to the PSA results, the mean size of the albendazole nanocapsules was 193.01 nm, mebendazole was 170.40 nm, and praziquantel was 180.44 nm. Albendazole + mebendazole showed the greatest protoscolicidal activity at a concentration of 1 mg/mL after 120 min. In contrast, each drug’s 0.25 mg/mL single-dose times showed the least protoscolicidal activity after 120 min. With the right application of nanotechnology, it is possible to produce safe and effective drugs, such as the polymeric combination of albendazole and mebendazole, which has promising implications.
Role of Poly(A)-Binding Protein Cytoplasmic 1, a tRNA-Derived RNA Fragment-Bound Protein, in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Davis Devin V. , Choi Eun-Jin , Ismail Deena , Hernandez Miranda L. , Choi Jong Min , Zhang Ke , Khatkar Kashish , Jung Sung Yun , Wu Wenzhe , Bao Xiaoyong
Published: September 2024

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a significant cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) across all demographics, with increasing mortality and morbidity among high-risk groups such as infants under two years old, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Although newly approved vaccines and treatments have substantially reduced RSV hospitalizations, accessibility remains limited, and response to treatment varies. This underscores the importance of comprehensive studies on host–RSV interactions. tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) are recently discovered non-coding RNAs, notable for their regulatory roles in diseases, including viral infections. Our prior work demonstrated that RSV infection induces tRFs, primarily derived from the 5′-end of a limited subset of tRNAs (tRF5), to promote RSV replication by partially targeting the mRNA of antiviral genes. This study found that tRFs could also use their bound proteins to regulate replication. Our proteomics data identified that PABPC1 (poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 1) is associated with tRF5-GluCTC, an RSV-induced tRF. Western blot experimentally confirmed the presence of PABPC1 in the tRF5-GluCTC complex. In addition, tRF5-GluCTC is in the anti-PABPC1-precipitated immune complex. This study also discovered that suppressing PABPC1 with its specific siRNA increased RSV (-) genome copies without impacting viral gene transcription, but led to less infectious progeny viruses, suggesting the importance of PABPC1 in virus assembly, which was supported by its interaction with the RSV matrix protein. Additionally, PABPC1 knockdown decreased the production of the cytokines MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and TNF-α. This is the first observation suggesting that tRFs may regulate viral infection via their bound proteins.
Development of an Integrated Communication and Sensing System Using Spread Spectrum and Photonics Technologies
Authors: Alzamil Abdulrahman K. , Sharawy Mahmoud A. , Almohimmah Esam M. , Ragheb Amr M. , Almaiman Ahmed , Alshebeili Saleh A.
Published: September 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of modern technology, integrating communication and sensing systems has become increasingly essential for a wide range of applications, from military and defense to autonomous vehicles and beyond. The integration offers a convergence of capabilities that enhances operational efficiency and provides adaptability in complex environments. In this paper, we develop, in simulation and experiment, an integrated communication and sensing system, exploring the cutting-edge utilization of spread spectrum and radio-over-fiber (RoF) photonic technologies. RoF technology inherits the benefits of optical fibers, which include low attenuation and longer reach distance compared to other media. First, we consider the integration of communication and sensing functions using a spread spectrum–binary phase-shift keying waveform. In this integrated system, the sensing function is performed using a radar system. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated in terms of the peak-to-sidelobe ratio of the radar correlator output and the bit error rate for the communication system. The results are obtained through extensive MATLAB simulations. Next, we consider the realization of the proposed integrated communication and sensing system using photonics technology. This phase commences with the utilization of specialized photonics-based software for extensive simulations at different fiber lengths, which is an essential foundational step toward the practical implementation of the proposed system using photonics. Lab experiments are also presented to validate the simulation results.
The Effects of Auxin Transport Inhibition on the Formation of Various Leaf and Vein Patterns
Authors: Wenzel Carol L. , Holloway David M. , Mattsson Jim
Published: September 2024

Polar auxin transport (PAT) is a known component controlling leaf complexity and venation patterns in some model plant species. Evidence indicates that PAT generates auxin converge points (CPs) that in turn lead to local leaf formation and internally into major vein formation. However, the role of PAT in more diverse leaf arrangements and vein patterns is largely unknown. We used the pharmacological inhibition of PAT in developing pinnate tomato, trifoliate clover, palmate lupin, and bipinnate carrot leaves and observed dosage-dependent reduction to simple leaves in these eudicots. Leaf venation patterns changed from craspedodromous (clover, carrot), semi-craspedodromous (tomato), and brochidodromous (lupin) to more parallel patterning with PAT inhibition. The visualization of auxin responses in transgenic tomato plants showed that discrete and separate CPs in control plants were replaced by diffuse convergence areas near the margin. These effects indicate that PAT plays a universal role in the formation of different leaf and vein patterns in eudicot species via a mechanism that depends on the generation as well as the separation of auxin CPs. Computer simulations indicate that variations in PAT can alter the number of CPs, corresponding leaf lobe formation, and the position of major leaf veins along the leaf margin in support of experimental results.
Effect of Uniaxial Tension on the Permeability of Geotextile-Sand System under Different Water Flow Conditions
Authors: Man Xiaolei , Jin Depeng , Liu Xueli , Chen Yun , Qu Hao
Published: September 2024

To investigate the influence of uniaxial tension on the permeation characteristics of the Geotextile-sand system under different water flows, a self-developed multifunctional gradient ratio permeameter was used to conduct relevant permeation tests on three commonly used geotextiles in engineering. The study, respectively, explores the variations in seepage velocity and gradient ratio of the Geotextile-sand system under different uniaxial tension strains with unidirectional water flow and reciprocating water flow, as well as the effects of different water flows on the system under the same uniaxial tension strain. The test results indicate that the trends of gradient ratio and seepage velocity in geotextiles are consistent under different water flows; however, the gradient ratio under reciprocating flow is smaller, while the seepage velocity is greater compared to unidirectional flow.
Filling Process Optimization of a Fully Flexible Machine through Computer Simulation and Advanced Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Zhao Kai , Shi Qiuhua , Zhao Shuguang , Ye Fang , Badran Mohamed
Published: September 2024

It is possible to optimize the yogurt and flavor filling process through a fully flexible machine that can accommodate different types of yogurt and flavors, allowing for rapid adjustment of filling parameters such as volume, speed, and feed rate. Previously, researchers focused on developing a yogurt filling machine and presented their findings across varied machine configurations. The contribution of this study comprises two key elements: configuring the machine to achieve full flexibility, wherein yogurt and any flavor can be filled at any designated filling station, and devising a novel mathematical model to optimize the newly configured machine settings. A real-life problem within the context of yogurt filling has been solved using the proposed model and results have been compared with the previously published models. It has been found that the proposed model for the fully flexible machine settings outperformed the previously published models, achieving a significant margin of improvement.
Numerical Study on the Energy Harvesting Performance of a Flapping Foil with Attached Flaps
Authors: Wu Shihui , Wang Li
Published: September 2024

A flapping foil, which mimics the flapping wings of birds and the locomotion of aquatic organisms, is an alternative to a conventional turbine for the harvesting of renewable energy from ubiquitous flows in the atmosphere, oceans, and rivers. In this work, the energy harvesting performance of flapping foils with attached flaps at the trailing edge is numerically studied by using an immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) at a Reynolds number of 1100. Three different configurations are considered, namely, a clean NACA0015 foil, a NACA0015 foil with a single flap, and a NACA0015 foil with two symmetric flaps. The results show that the flap attached to the trailing edge is able to enhance the energy harvesting efficiency, and the two symmetric flaps can achieve more enhancements than its single-flap counterpart. The mechanism of such enhancements is attributed the separation of the interactions of vortexes generated at the upper and bottom surfaces of the foil. To further obtain the optimal configurations of the two symmetric flaps, the angle between the two flaps (α) and the length (lf) of the flap are systematically studied. The results show that the optimal energy harvesting performance is achieved at α=60∘ and lf=0.1c (c denotes the chord length of the foil). Compared with the baseline case, namely, the clean NACA foil, the optimal configuration can achieve an improvement of efficiency up to 19.94%. This study presents a strategy by adding two symmetric flaps at the trailing edge of the foil to enhance the energy harvesting performance of a flapping foil, which contributes to advancing the development of simple and efficient clean energy harvesting by using a flapping foil.