bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization method for multi-process energy consumption in iron and steel enterprises under the coordinated use of comprehensive energy
Authors: Zhao Pengxiang , Yang Jialin , Li Zhen , Zhou Bing
Published: March 2024

Sustainable development goals, such as energy conservation, emission reduction, cost reduction, and efficiency enhancement, present pressing challenges for the iron and steel industry. Process optimization technology for efficient production, energy conservation, and consumption reduction in the steel manufacturing process is based on the coordination of material and energy flow. Therefore, this article takes the production process of a converter steelmaking plant as the object, considers the regulatory requirements of multi-process and multi constraint operation optimization under the cooperation of production organization and energy conservation and consumption reduction, and it explores a production scheduling optimization method for steelmaking plants oriented towards material flow and energy flow synergy. Based on the characteristics of the problem space, this study suggests a hybrid genetic algorithm with local search (MOHGALS) that employs both standard and advanced evolution techniques. Tests on concrete problems demonstrate that the MOHGALS approach yields a superior set of multi-objective Pareto schemes. Additionally, random-generated test cases were used to evaluate the algorithm’s performance. The outcomes show that MOHGALS performs better than competing algorithms on multi-objective evaluation indicators, and that the suggested improved evolution approach may effectively boost the algorithm’s performance.
Modeling and Control Strategies for Flight Service Vehicle Queue Behavior in Non Cooperative Games
Authors: Wang Sibo , Hao Shougang , Zhang Ping , Ou Jian , Zhang Tao , Wen Tao
Published: March 2024

From the perspective of the running process for service vehicles, based on the analysis of the benefits maximization of the special needs vehicles joining the queue as the scheduling goal, and aiming at the shortcomings of traditional task scheduling strategies, methods and models, a non-cooperative game behavior optimization scheduling model with security, economy and environmental protection as the optimization goals was proposed by using game theory. At the same time, the vehicle service capability, service times and import Angle are limited to ensure that the model is more in line with the actual operation scenario. In order to judge the deviation between the game result and the actual operation, the game efficiency matrix is constructed, and Nash equilibrium is used to prove that the model has an equilibrium point. On the basis of the game model, the strategy layer, the game layer and the optimization layer are divided into queue behavior control strategy methods. Finally, this paper verifies the feasibility of the model by using the actual parameter changes to determine the best parameter combination suitable for the model.
Simulation Analysis of Metallic Particles Movement in Typical Structure of Oil-immersed Power Transformer
Authors: Zheng Shuyu , Zhao Jianeng , Shao Hongping , Cheng Chuanhui , Zhuo Ran , Huang Zhiming
Published: March 2024

The insulation performance of oil-immersed power transformers is closely involved with the movement of metal particle impurities, and the movement characteristics of metal particles are not only influenced by the electric field, but also by the oil flow. In this paper, a solid-liquid two-phase flow simulation model was constructed, and the effect of electric field on the motion of metal particles was considered. Firstly, the validity of the simulation model was verified by using the experimentally observed motion of metal particles in the horizontal oil channel between parallel flat plate electrodes, based on which the motion of metal particles in the typical oil channels of a 500kV power transformer was studied. It was found that when the metal particles passed through the oil flow inlet, the number of metal particles settling increased with the increase of particle size. All the metal particles with 1mm particle size sank in the oil flow inlet during the oil migration process, it was almost impossible to enter the low, medium and high voltage winding parts. Through the middle or upper end of the high voltage winding, the smaller particles (50μm, 150μm) would easily migrate with the oil flow and move faster; the larger particles (500μm) would move slower or be more easily deposited. This research holds significant practical implications in the engineering study of metal particle motion distribution within transformers.
Research on the Green Environmental Protection Method of Automatic Potentiometric Titration of Organic Heat Transfer Fluids Acid Number
Authors: Kong Dexin , Jin Dong , Zhou Yi , Jiang Lina , Guo Linyuan
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the concept and importance of acid number. Improvement method is based on the GB / T 7304-2014 “Standard test method for acid number of petroleum products by Potential Titration”. The detection and study of the acid number are obtained by halving sample volume in two categories—used and unused heat transfer fluids. This article studies and establishes a green and environmentally friendly method for automatic potentiometric titration of organic heat carrier acid value, which uses a smaller sample volume and titration solution volume to achieve fast, environmentally friendly, intelligent, and efficient results. The experimental results show that after halving the sample volume, the data reproducibility is relatively high, but still within the standard reproducibility range, and data of the heat transfer fluids is far less than the standard reproducibility range. Through this paper, the acid number of heat transfer fluids is able to be strictly controlled and timely monitored to ensure the safety, green environment development and operation of boilers and systems.
Lift System Design of Air Cushion Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Zongke , Fan Jingfeng , Chen Yuxi , Zhang Genquan , Wu Chengjie
Published: March 2024

Lift system plays key role to Air Cushion Vehcile overall performance, whose design includes cushion flow demanding analysis, lift fan design, airflow distribution and pressure control. The method to calculate cushion flow exit velocity variation with craft speed was firstly presented based on cushion induced wave. Through application development in CATIA, a full solution was presented to check if craft keeps in safety flight boundary at maximum calm water speed. Through analysis, current cushion flow demanding method based on statistic former ACVs seems conservative for particular ACV with super high cushion density, which was adviced to decrease by 10%∼15%. New double discharge lift fan for polar hovercraft was developed through CFD simulation, model test, full-scale utilizing. To reach designed bag-cushion pressure ratio, polar ACV model skirt feed holes was added by 1/3 more than simple geometrical scale. Larger bag feed holes and lower bag-cushion pressure ratio are effective means to lower lift power.
Role of Cl/F Ions Concentration, pH and Temperature on Pitting Corrosion Behavior of 2507 Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Liu Xuedong , Zhu Xianghong , Liu Zhenguang , Wang Yiming , Zhai Yangdong
Published: March 2024

In the chemical industry, 2507 duplex stainless steel is usually used for the pipes of absorption tower. The residual F− and Cl− in the tail gas could aggregate in the clean solution of ammonium hydroxide, which causes the risk of pitting corrosion. In this study, the role of Cl/F ions concentration, pH and temperature on the pitting corrosion of 2507 stainless steel is investigated by exposing to actual industrial ammonia desulfurization solution. The experimental results reveal that the 2507 stainless steel exposed the serious corrosion solution appears pitting corrosion problem. However, the 2507 stainless steel is free of pitting corrosion at the tested condition of pH value 3.59/5, temperature 80 °C/100 °C, and ion concentration 46375 ppm/80000 ppm. This study provides a fundamental data for the safety service of stainless steel used in chemical industry.
Electrical Characteristics of the Insulation Paper Modified by Nano-TiO2 under Electrical-Thermal Aging
Authors: Liu Daosheng , Lai Yongyao , Cui Chele , Noubissi Romaric Kammeugue
Published: March 2024

The research on the modified insulating paper by adding nano-materials has garnered increasing attentions. Scholars have investigated its performances under electrical aging or thermal aging, but there are few reports on its behaviors under electrical-thermal combined aging. In the laboratory, we prepared the modified insulating paper with different mass fractions of nano-TiO2, and subjected to 10-day accelerated electrical-thermal combined aging test. Samples were experimented at different aging stages to investigate the variations in AC breakdown field strength, relative permittivity and surface microstructure. The results demonstrate that the modified insulating paper samples exhibit better AC breakdown field strength, relative permittivity and other parameters compared to the unmodified samples. Among the modified samples, the one with 3% mass fraction of nano-TiO2 shows the best electrical properties and aging resistance under electrical-thermal combined aging. By adding an appropriate weight percentage of nano-TiO2, it was able to fill microscopic holes and gaps on the surface of the insulating paper, strengthen the connection between the cellulose fibers, and improve the electrical properties and aging resistance of the insulating paper.
Study on the Effect of Cleaning and Swelling Action of Cleaning and Repairing Agents on the Properties of Silicone Rubber
Authors: Xie Xiwei , Shi Jinbiao , Zhao Yueju , Chen Qiang , Deng Yu , Zhou Songsong , Liu Hui , Shen Hao
Published: March 2024

Silicone rubber composite materials are prone to fouling under outdoor conditions for a long time, leading to a decrease in hydrophobicity and even the occurrence of pollution flashover. Generally, the silicone rubber surface is cleaned and repaired with cleaning and repair agents, which can quickly restore its hydrophobicity to the factory state and even reach HC1. Under the action of cleaning and repairing agents, silicone rubber will undergo a certain swelling effect. This article conducts in-depth research on the impact of the cleaning and swelling effect of cleaning and repairing agents on the performance of silicone rubber. Research has found that this cleaning and repairing agent can significantly improve the surface hydrophobicity of silicone rubber. When silicone rubber is immersed in the cleaning and repairing agent for up to 10 hours, its surface undergoes swelling equilibrium, where the evaporation volume and swelling index remain unchanged. Through testing its mechanical properties, it was found that its tear resistance and fracture performance have been improved to a certain extent, with growth rates of 23.36% and 2.55%, respectively; Through electrical performance testing, it was found that its volume resistivity and dielectric strength were both improved to a certain extent, with volume resistivity and dielectric strength increased by 16.5% and 14.3%, respectively. Moreover, after reaching swelling equilibrium in the cleaning and repairing agent, the hydrophobicity of silicone rubber did not decrease, and it can still maintain HC1 for a long time, exhibiting good hydrophobicity.
Study on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure characteristics of Fly Ash Mixed Wet Shotcrete under Low Temperature Curing Environment
Authors: Liu Wei , Yin Shenghua , Hou Yongqiang , Zhang Minzhe
Published: March 2024

To systematically examine the mechanical properties and microstructure of fly ash-doped wet shotcrete under low-temperature curing conditions, experimental studies were conducted on the compressive strength. The investigations encompassed varying activator dosage, fly ash dosage, and curing temperature for a thorough examination of the material’s performance. The results show that the addition of activator can significantly improve the compressive strength of fly ash wet shotcrete under low temperature curing, but the optimal dosage of different activator types is not consistent. The selection of NaAlO2 as the activator has the most significant effect on the compressive strength of the samples. Under low temperature curing environment, the increase of curing age can also significantly improve the compressive strength of the sample, especially the early strength. The order of influence degree of three factors on compressive strength is that alkaline activator has the highest influence degree, curing temperature has the second, fly ash content has the least influence degree, and activator content is the significant influence factor of early compressive strength. A prediction model for the compressive strength of wet shotcrete doped with fly ash was established in the low temperature curing environment, and the effect of increasing the dosage of activator on the compressive strength of the sample increased with the decrease of curing temperature. With the increase of the content of activator and curing temperature, the size of the void structure in the sample is gradually reduced, which makes the density of the microstructure gradually increase, and thus improves the macroscopic compressive strength of the sample.
Preparation of Anti Mold Cleaning Agent and its Effect on the Performance of Insulation Materials
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Xie Xiwei , Shi Jinbiao , Zhao Yueju , Yang Xiaoyan , Xia Bing , Ma Huibo , Chen Qiang
Published: March 2024

A mold resistant cleaning agent with long-term cleaning function was prepared using hydroxyl silicone oil, mold inhibitors, and some additives as the main raw materials. The results show that the anti mold cleaning agent prepared by adding different proportions of anti mold agents not only ensures the cleaning and anti mold effects on the insulation material, but also has no significant impact on its mechanical properties, electrical properties, and surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, when the content of the anti mold cleaning agent is 2% to 3%, its comprehensive mechanical and electrical properties can maintain a good level. Through infrared analysis, it can be seen that during the mixing process of cleaning agent and anti mold agent, due to the consumption of some double bonds, the internal molecular structure of the cleaning agent has been changed, which not only has good cleaning effect but also excellent anti mold effect. When the amount of anti mold agent is 2%, the anti mold level of the insulation material is the best, reaching level 0, and the hydrophobicity can also reach HC1 after cleaning.
Furnace Tail Weld Failure Analysis of the B35.1-Pressure Vessel
Authors: Zhong Fengping , Yu Ting , Xu Weirong , Zhang Fang , Zhang Fangfang
Published: March 2024

Leakage failure is caused by cracks in the weld joint between the body and flange of a pressure vessel. The container body material is graded as P460NH according to the European standard. It operates at a working temperature of 750 °C and a work pressure of 1.5 MPa. It undergone heating once every half a month. The instrument has been in service for 12 years. The crack is located at the weld joint of the flange connection at the end of the pressure vessel with a significant accumulation of black deposits on the interior surface of the reaction kettle. The medium in the production process is nitrogen, coke steam and asphalt steam mixture (including “S”). Macroscopic analysis, physical metallographic inspection, mechanical property analysis and chemical composition inspection of the failure parts are carried out to determine the cause of fracture failure of the pressure vessel B35.1 furnace tail weld. The results show that there are no detailed corrosion thinning areas in the failure parts, there are corrosion products on the surface and the corrosion cracks are distributed in a spatial network, which has the characteristics of stress corrosion. The corrosion causes should be sulfide stress corrosion caused by environment.
Long term aging studies of the new PMTs used for the HL-LHC ATLAS hadron calorimeter upgrade
Authors: Chiarelli G. , Leone S. , Scuri F.
Published: March 2024

The central hadron calorimeter (TileCal) of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
is a sampling calorimeter
read out by
about 10,000 photomultipliers
(PMTs). Earlier studies of performance showed a degradation in PMTs response as a function of the
integrated anode charge. At the end of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) program, the expected
integrated anode charge for PMTs reading out the most exposed cells is 600 C, and their
projected response loss is 25%.
These PMTs (≈ 8% of the total TileCal PMTs) will
be replaced with a newer version PMT with the same geometry.
A test set-up is being used in the Pisa laboratory to study the
long term response of this new PMT model
and compare it to the
old PMT model currently installed in TileCal. For the first time this
new PMT has been tested after integrating more than 800 C of anode charge. Preliminary
results obtained from data collected in Pisa over a period exceeding two years are
shown in this paper. We also introduce a preliminary study aimed to disentangle the contribution to
the PMT response degradation due to the loss of quantum efficiency and to the change in absolute
gain.
Exact exponent for atypicality of random quantum states
Authors: Wakakuwa Eyuri
Published: March 2024

We study the properties of the random quantum states induced from the uniformly random pure states on a bipartite quantum system by taking the partial trace over the larger subsystem. Most of the previous studies have adopted a viewpoint of ‘concentration of measure’ and have focused on the behavior of the states close to the average. In contrast, we investigate the large deviation regime, where the states may be far from the average. We prove the following results: first, the probability that the induced random state is within a given set decreases no slower or faster than exponential in the dimension of the subsystem traced out. Second, the exponent is equal to the quantum relative entropy of the maximally mixed state and the given set, multiplied by the dimension of the remaining subsystem. Third, the total probability of a given set strongly concentrates around the element closest to the maximally mixed state, a property that we call conditional concentration. Along the same line, we also investigate an asymptotic behavior of coherence of random pure states in a single system with large dimensions.
Factors, variables, and aspects Sabo Dam modelling capacity based on the Purwantoro Sabo Dam index model
Authors: Rahadiansyah S
Published: March 2024

Volcanic disaster risk mitigation cannot be perceived as a separating part of disaster management. Sabo Dam technology applied as lahar controller infrastructure that is part of management disaster and widely used in Indonesia. Purwantoro Sabo Dam Performance Index Model estimates the general functionality of a sabo dam in one index number. The simple calculation steps had been made which is conveniently usable and answer further practical demand such as operation and maintenance necessity, rehabilitation – newly construction prioritization decision support system, or emergency inspection aspect. Purwantoro Formula composed variables and factors that can be developed into more practical usage in the outcome approach. Capacity estimation over the Purwantoro Index is used as a disaster management approach to create capacity functions. Reviews of the actual capacity of compatibility of the three hierarchical factors, variables, and aspects are needed. It is carried out using a structural equation model with the partial least square method. The compatibility among the structures and outcome of capacity generates twenty-five grouped by nine components that are under three aspects (physical, regulative, and social) that suit the sabo dam’s potential capacity. The three hierarchical structures of aspect, component, and indicator are valid and appropriate to fulfill the t-test.
Potential deformation assessment of Semantok Main Dam in North Nganjuk Region at East Java Indonesia
Authors: Suprijanto H , Sayekti R W , Pratama R R , Wiyata F A
Published: March 2024

Semantok Dam was constructed using a zone l embankment type and required safety measures for deformation control. This study aims to understand material specifications, geological conditions, and deformation behavior. The results of the material specifications indicate that the core material and fine filter material meet the design criteria. The geological conditions comprise sand, sandstone, and claystone. The rock’s bearing capacity and settlement in the core zone are considered safe. The elastic vertical deformation of the foundation, analyzed using a flexible foundation approach by Lord, is estimated to be between 4.36 and 6.10 cm. Dynamic analysis is also performed using the Plaxis 8.6 version software to estimate deformation. The software input includes soil properties from the borrow and quarry areas surrounding the dam site. Earthquake design criteria are based on the Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE) with a 100-year return period and the Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) with a 10,000-year return period. The dynamic analysis results indicate that the maximum deformation during a 100-year return period earthquake is 7.37 cm (horizontal deformation) and 12.68 cm (vertical deformation). In the case of a 10,000-year return period earthquake, the maximum deformation is 83.41 cm (horizontal deformation) and 175 cm (vertical deformation) during rapid drawdown.
Adsorption isotherm and kinetic study of Bengkulu Kaolinite in removing ferrous cation by continuous operation
Authors: Ratnaningsih W , Shabrina H M , Prayogo W , Rahmah N , Azizah R N
Published: March 2024

Iron is a chemical element that is found in groundwater that can be suspended in the form of ferrous cations. Iron presence that exceeds the threshold can cause detrimental effects such as piping corrosion, bad smells, and health problems. According to observations, groundwater in Sukarame, Bandar Lampung, has smells and colors that indicate iron metal contamination. Hence, it is necessary to research reducing the iron content. The method used in this research is the adsorption method using kaolin adsorbent that has been activated by physical activation at 700°C. The adsorption was conducted continuously with various reactor heights of 20 cm, 15 cm, and 10 cm. The results showed that the most significant reduction in efficiency was found in the adsorption using reactors with a height of 20 cm by 92%. The adsorption phenomenon using a reactor height of 20 cm followed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9255) with an adsorption capacity of 17.03 mg/g. The kinetic data correlated well with the pseudo-second-order equation (R2 = 0.9313). It can be concluded that kaolin adsorbent can reduce iron levels, in which the adsorption using reactors with a height of 20 cm is the most effective.
Water use optimization of Benel Reservoir in Jembrana Regency, Bali Province
Authors: Haditama I G N H R , Aryastana P , Yujana C A , Candrayana K W
Published: March 2024

Benel Reservoir has a storage capacity of 1.71 million cubic meters (MCM) and has been supplying water for irrigation purposes. In line with population growth, the Benel Reservoir is projected to be capable of meeting the domestic water demand in the Jembrana Regency. As a result, this research aimed to determine the optimal water use in the Benel Reservoir for irrigation and domestic uses. The irrigation water requirements are necessary for an area of 1,047.3 hectares, while the domestic water demands are 64 l/s. F.J Mock Method of rainfall-runoff model is used to calculate water availability using 10 years of daily rainfall data and has been calibrated using observed discharged data from the Benel water level gauge station. The optimization model is formulated using linear programming. During wet years, the optimization result for water utilization with inflow discharge yields a cropping intensity value of 300%. The cropping intensity value of 287.50% in the scenario of normal inflow discharge. Furthermore, the cropping intensity value is 275% in the case of dry-year inflow discharge. Irrigation and domestic water demand met the minimum value limit of 0.70 and 0.85 for the k-factor. The reliability in supplying irrigation and domestic water reached 100%.
Flood peak estimation for the keureuto watershed using the hydrological modeling system HEC-HMS
Authors: Rama B. , Fadhliani  , Khairullah Y. , Fasdarsyah  , Meutia S , Anugrah M.
Published: March 2024

The Keureuto watershed has been the water resource used mainly for irrigation and municipal use. Extreme rainfall along with changes in the system may trigger rainfall excess causing flood at downstream. The occurrences may impact the usability of the system that supports the water resources supply. Investigating the impact of the floods requires initial research on the rainfall-runoff process of the watershed system. Rainfall-runoff modeling is an approach widely used for estimating the discharge hydrograph of the river as the result of the processes. The HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model tool is applied in this study to estimate the peak flood discharge for the Keureto watershed located in the North Aceh region. The data used are satellite Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data and Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) data at the watershed outlet. The 302 km2 Keureuto Watershed is divided into 23 sub-basins for the HEC-HMS model. The SCS Curve Number is applied to the model. The simulated freturncompared to the observed flow using the Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency criteria which returns the NSE value of 0.38 for seven years simulation, based on data of year 2015 to 2021. At an event based on October 2020 to March 2021, the NSE value returns 0.52, satisfactory for the simulation data range. The highest peak of the event is captured by the model simulation in the timing and the magnitude which value lower 20% from the observed flow.
Performance index model of simple waterworks system
Authors: Hidayat M M , Andawayanti U
Published: March 2024

This research intends to build a performance index model of the simple waterworks system, in Indonesia known as Sistem Penyediaan Air Sedehana (SiPAS). This research used 25 SiPAS located across the Brantas River Area in East Java Province, Indonesia, to build the SiPAS performance index model. The Brantas River Area is vital for East Java Province to supply clean water for all inhabitants dwelling in urban and rural areas. The Brantas River Area is a regional unit of water resources management with an area of 1,410,300 hectares that consists of 220 watersheds, including the Brantas watershed as the most significant watershed, four small watersheds in the northern and the estuary in the Java Sea, and 215 small watersheds in the southern and the estuary in the Indian Ocean. Therefore, this research used the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) method to build the SiPAS performance index model using technical, social, and management variables. The results of this research derived the coefficients of technical, social, and management aspects through GRG data processing are 0.7833, 0.1011, and 0.1156, sequentially. The measurement with the SiPAS performance index model can evaluate performance and serve as a successful parameter in the operation and maintenance of SiPAS to provide clean water.
Numerical simulation and redesign of Kamar Kajang Levee against Mount Semeru lahar flood based on HEC-RAS 2D non-newtonian flow model
Authors: Satria H , Nurfaida W , Kurniawan A , Iswardoyo J , Sulaiman M
Published: March 2024

Mount Semeru is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia where the pyroclastic, debris, and mudflows from its activities have severely damaged its surrounding areas. On December 4, 2021, Mount Semeru erupted, followed by intense rainfall, and damaged the Kamar Kajang Levee after a lahar flood event. The collapsed Levee was located along the Leprak Lumajang River, one of the natural drainage systems for Mount Semeru. The dyke failure had led to severe economic loss. Thus, reconstruction of the training dyke is highly important. In response, this research aims to propose an improvement to the Kamar Kajang Levee. This study was done through field observation, numerical simulation, and levee design calculation. The Non-Newtonian algorithm in HEC-RAS 6.2 was employed to model the flood events. The 2D model has been verified using a Sentinel-2 image and has shown a 90.7% similarity of inundated area after flooded by at least 214 m3/s of flood discharge, equivalent to a 5-year design discharge. The engineering design analysis shows that an additional 3.5 m height is needed to anticipate future floods and mitigate events effectively.
Empirical design for the excavation method and support system at Budong-Budong Dam Diversion Tunnel, Central Mamuju, West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Hardwiyanto S , Setiawan H
Published: March 2024

Budong-Budong Dam, located in the West Sulawesi Province of Indonesia, was designed to use a tunnel to divert river flow during the dam construction. The Rock Mass Rating was used to examine the tunnel design with a less detailed drill core investigation. The rock strength parameter is only based on the field estimation. The entire diversion tunnel will pass through Breccia with weak strength. Evaluation is required using integrated and precise data to guarantee safety during and post-construction. The RMR classification was used to determine the excavation and preliminary tunnel support, while the Q-System was used to compare the support of the tunnel. Those classifications were used to anticipate the geological conditions uncertainty. Geological data were collected by geological mapping, evaluation of subsurface drilling, and laboratory analysis. The tunnel will pass through a Tuffaceous Breccia and Tuffaceous Sandstone insert of Tuffaceous Siltstone. In addition, a poor-quality rock was found around the inlet and outlet, and a fair-quality rock in the middle of the tunnel. Hence, drilling and blasting were recommended for the excavation. The tunnel’s proposed support system included shotcrete, wire mesh, and rock bolts in the middle of the tunnel. Steel sets are added around the inlet and outlet.
Identification of species composing the Bagik Batu mangrove ecosystem, Jerowaru, Indonesia
Authors: Irwansah  , Hadi Samsul , Aminuddin Muhammad , Mahariyanti Ermila
Published: March 2024

Preserving mangrove ecosystems is an important part of several global warming mitigation efforts. The latest information about the existence of mangrove ecosystems is important information for evaluating the current condition of mangrove forests. This research aims to examine the species that make up the Bagik Batu mangrove ecosystem in Jerowaru, Indonesia. Information related to the condition of the Bagik Batu mangrove ecosystem can be initial information for policy decisions by policymakers in formulating policies related to global warming mitigation. This research is descriptive (Survey). Area samples were taken using purposive sampling and the plot sampling method (random), and then many mangrove individuals were identified based on their morphological characteristics, starting from leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, stems, and roots. In addition, the data used in this study are data on the number of individuals per species and environmental parameter data such as pH, temperature, salinity, and substrate type. The research results show that the Bagik Batu mangrove ecosystem consists of several types of mangrove species, namely Avicennia alba, Calotropis gigantea, Lumnitzera racemosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia alba.
Assessing the impact and resilience of the community in the aftermath of a small-scale tornado: A field survey-based analysis
Authors: Hidayat Agung , Deristani Anggun , Khoiriyah Siti
Published: March 2024

Extreme weather can lead to the formation of small-scale tornadoes. Tornadoes are generated by cumulonimbus clouds resulting from convection or orographic lifting of an unstable air mass interacting with a relatively warm air mass within a frontal boundary. The village of Donohudan experienced a small-scale tornado event that resulted in damage to buildings, yards, power infrastructure, and injuries to individuals. This was the first time the community faced a small-scale tornado event, leading to a lack of understanding in handling the aftermath. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of and resilience to small-scale tornadoes among the population. The research methodology involves field surveys to determine the extent of damage based on the Beaufort scale. The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is employed as a measurement criterion to assess community resilience. The predominant damages were light structural damages and flying roofs caused by the small-scale tornado. Donohudan village demonstrated a moderate level of resilience to small-scale tornadoes, influenced by factors such as flexibility in adapting to changes and challenges, support from family and social networks, spiritual influence, and having a goal-oriented life.
Waste and Marble Waste Variations on the Compressive Strength and Permeability of Porous Concrete
Authors: Kurnianingsih Oktavia , Abid Muhammad , Putra Firdaus Haidar , Tri Ashari Hasan
Published: March 2024

Development in supporting an area causes many undeveloped areas to become built up, reducing the ability of the soil to absorb rainwater, so that it flows on the ground surface and causes flooding.Handling flooding due to reduced green open land is one of them by using porous concrete in built-up areas. Porous concrete can drain water from the surface into the ground. This study aims to determine the mixture variation on the compressive strength and permeability values of porous concrete. This research uses the ACI522R-10 method with several variations of added materials. The volume addition of additives was determined by experimental method. The test results show that the compressive strength value of porous concrete shows an increase with age. The average compressive strength in mixture 2 with 40% granite waste and 4% marble waste variation resulted in 11.58 MPa.Permeability testing results that meet the requirements of ACI-522R-10 in mixture 1 with a variation of 20% granite waste and 4% marble waste. The use of granite waste with a high percentage increases the compressive strength of concrete but for the permeability value obtained by the variation of marble waste with a small percentage. Research obtained variations that can be used in the manufacture of environmentally friendly beporous concrete by utilizing waste.
The relationship between healthy behavior and environmental sanitation with water quality in stunting occurrence work area of Sikabu Community Health Center Padang Pariaman
Authors: Yuniarti E , Raharini H
Published: March 2024

Stunting is a long-term nutritional deficiency from insufficient intake and recurrent infectious diseases. One of the factors that can influence stunting is the limited access to clean water. This research analyzes the relationship between healthy behavior and environmental sanitation with water quality in stunting occurrences. This is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The population includes all mothers with stunted toddlers in the working area of Sikabu Community Health Center, Padang Pariaman Regency, totaling 49 individuals. The sampling technique employed was total sampling. Behavior and sanitation assessments were conducted using a questionnaire. Data collection took place from September 14 to 18, 2023. Microbiological parameters were evaluated using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, while inorganic chemical parameters were assessed using spectrophotometry. Data processing involved Spearman rank statistical tests, where a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The research results indicate a significant relationship (p<0.05) between behavior and microbiological and inorganic chemical water quality parameters, with correlation coefficients of 0.745 and 0.604, respectively. There is a significant relationship (p<0.05) between sanitation and microbiological and inorganic chemical water quality parameters, with correlation coefficients of 0.658 and 0.520, respectively. This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between good behavior that has a positive impact on sanitation and drinking water quality on the level of stunting in the Sikabu Puskesmas working area of Padang Pariaman Regency with a correlation coefficient of (p<0.05).
Justification for mining overburden without the use of conveyor transport at the Pivnichnyi open pit of the Pokrovskyi mining and processing enterprise
Authors: Cherep Andrii , Pilova Daria
Published: March 2024

The current state of mining operations in the open pits of the Pokrovsky mining and processing enterprise has been analyzed, where the shortcomings of existing technological schemes have been identified. Technical and organizational criteria have been identified that must be met by technological schemes for overburden and mining operations for the open-pits of the Pokrovsky mining and processing enterprise, where conveyor transport is used. Five technological schemes have been proposed for the Pivnichnyi open-pit, which provide for the reallocation of the height of overburden benches and the movement of overburden only to internal dumps without the use of conveyors. The dependences of the height of the internal dump and its resulting angle of slope on the re-excavation factor for the proposed technological schemes were obtained. The indicators have been calculated at which the most operating efficiency of mining and transport equipment for the Pivnichnyi open-pit of the Pokrovsky mining and processing enterprise (MPE) will be achieved and complete extraction of overburden rocks with cross movement to the internal dump without the use of conveyor transport will be ensured, and the production capacity of the quarry is also given according to the demand for ore.
Justification the surface mining system parameters of amber pits with semi-mobile beneficiation plants
Authors: Lozhnikov Oleksii , Malook Oleksii
Published: March 2024

Research is aimed at establishing the dependence of the semi-mobile beneficiation plant productivity on the face width of the excavator at the developing amber deposits. Analytical research methods were used at the development of the methodology to determine the working time of excavator, taking into account the time for moving the enrichment plant. Appropriate calculation methods are relevant for determining the required amount of technical equipment that ensures the mining operation. The efficient parameters of the face width during the excavation of mining mass have been established, depending on the parameters of the excavator boom, taking into account its replacement. It was determined that the duration of the working cycle of working out the block with the corresponding face width of the pit is based on the time of loading and moving the semi-mobile beneficiation plant, as well as the time for reexcavation. The effective width of the working pit face was calculated with the appropriate choice of the excavator boom. The established parameters of the face width of the pit on the mining bench with the loading of mining mass to the semi-mobile concentrator were implemented in the pit at the development of the Galbin-24 amber deposit.
Scientific substantiation of complex extraction and processing of secondary resources for the development of alternative sources of energy
Authors: Medvedieva Olha , Slobodiannykova Inna
Published: March 2024

Scientific research on the integrated extraction and processing of secondary resources, such as mine water, technogenic waste, and others, in order to develop alternative energy sources in the diversification of coal mines is an urgent scientific task that will help solve the issues on the economic, social and environmental transformation of coal mining regions. In practice, it is necessary to consider several alternative options and assess the possibility of obtaining different end products from the targeted processing of secondary raw materials. The choice of a rational processing option to obtain the target product is very complicated due to the different composition of the feedstock, as well as a significant variety of primary processing methods and parameters of intermediate processes, which causes certain difficulties in forecasts and calculations. Developing a methodology for typifying actions when choosing options for integrated processing of recyclable materials of different states, defining the basic principles and its structure for comparative analysis of the input, intermediate, and output parameters in terms of composition, physical, chemical, and technological characteristics are urgent modern tasks.
To the selection of technology parameters for the use of renewable energy sources on man-made disturbed lands
Authors: Medvedieva O.O. , Larionov H.I. , Halchenko Z.C.
Published: March 2024

Renewable energy sources (RES) have become widely used in many developed countries of the world. In the article, the use of RES is considered using the example of wind energy installations (WEI). For industrial scale volumes of electricity produced, wind energy installations of large capacities and designs are used. To choose a rational design of windmills, a classification of windmills of existing designs is provided. Known foreign types of efficient wind generators are considered. Most often, wind energy installations are used in places with a strong wind flow. Wind energy installations with a horizontal axis of rotation are usually used in these areas. For example, information is given on one of the largest wind farms in Ukraine - the Botiivskyi wind farm, which consists of 65 wind energy installations with a horizontal axis of rotation. The practice of using windmills, despite the great benefits of their use, has significant drawbacks. This problem consists in deriving large plots of land for use and having an impact on the surrounding environment. This, in turn, leads to negative consequences for the ecology of these regions. In connection with this, there was a need to use wind energy installations on land plots that have been decommissioned in the conditions of Kryvbas. These include sparsely populated regions, wastelands, and decommissioned plots of land on which the facilities of mining enterprises are located. It has been proven that the placement of WEI with a vertical axis of rotation of medium power on overburden dumps has its own characteristics. For most of the territory of Ukraine, the average wind speed is 3-5 m/s, so the use of wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation is more appropriate. The starting speed of such wind energy installation is 0.5 m/s, and at a wind speed of 3 m/s, wind energy installations can reach their nominal power. The paper analyzes the possibility of using wind energy installations on man-made disturbed lands, namely on open rock dumps, and recommends their design features. The calculation of the wind energy potential for vertical and horizontal wind energy installations in the conditions of the city of Kryvyi Rih was made. A comparison of the use of vertical and horizontal wind energy installations was made. The effectiveness of the use of wind energy installations with a vertical axis of rotation in the conditions of Kryvbas is shown.
Effect on the adsorption performance and mechanism of antibiotics tetracyclines by the magnetic biochar used peanut shells as raw materials
Authors: Zhang Qingmin , Zhang Hongpei , Hua Qiong , Yuan Caifeng , Wang Xiaodan , Zhao Xiaohui , Zheng Binguo
Published: March 2024

Widespread environmental pollution caused by the misuse of tetracyclines (TCs) has become a global issue, necessitating the development of water treatment materials for antibiotic removal. Magnetic biochar (MBC) possesses several advantages, including a wide range of raw material sources and low cost, making it a potential adsorbent that overcomes the limitations of biochar (BC) regarding solid–liquid separation. In this study, peanut shell-derived magnetic biochar loaded with Fe3O4 (Fe3O4/BC) was prepared to study its adsorption performance and environmental factors for TCs. The adsorption mechanism was revealed using adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics. The results showed that the total pore volume was increased, and surface oxygen-containing functional groups were formed of that before BC modification. In a wide pH range, Fe3O4/BC showed high adsorption performance for TCs, with an adsorption rate of over 85%. Chemical adsorption was the main adsorption mechanism, including hydrogen bonding, as well as π-π interactions, electrostatic interactions, intrapore diffusion and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, reusability and obtaining cost of the material were analyzed, demonstrating its promising application prospects. This study will promote the application of Fe3O4/BC in the removal of antibiotics pollutants from water.
Influence of graphene dispersion on the photovoltaic performance of tandem solar cells with four-terminal perovskite–polycrystalline silicon configuration
Authors: Ramli Noor Fadhilah , Aznie Fahsyar Puteri Nor , Ahmad Ludin Norasikin , Yasir Ahmad Shah Hizam Md , Sepeai Suhaila
Published: March 2024

Silicon’s prominence in photovoltaic technology stems from its abundance and safety. While Si-based solar cells demonstrate high energy conversion efficiency and long-term stability, they encounter challenges such as high costs, intricate fabrication processes, and suboptimal efficiency. To address these issues, researchers have developed tandem solar cells that combine silicon with perovskite cells. This research specifically investigates the use of the spin coating technique with graphene dispersion solutions to deposit graphene layers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), providing a flexible and cost-effective alternative to conventional methods. By employing graphene as a protective sealant for the perovskite interlayer to prevent degradation, the study aims to enhance the overall performance and stability of tandem solar cells. Graphene was applied onto the hole transport layer at varying concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg ml−1) in isopropanol. Notably, the introduction of graphene resulted in decreased power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in PSC top cells over 60 h, with efficiency reductions of 43%, 24%, and 17% for different concentrations. Importantly, these efficiency declines were significantly lower compared to cells lacking a graphene layer, which experienced a sharp 93% decrease. This investigation underscores the critical role of graphene layers in improving the stability of PSC top cells while maintaining compatibility with the stability of poly-Si bottom cells.