bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Affect Supports Cognitive Control – A Working Memory Perspective
Authors: Kolańczyk Alina
Published: May 2016

The paper delineates a study of executive functions (EFs), construed as procedural working memory (WM), from a motivational perspective. Since WM theories and motivation theories are both concerned with purposive activity, the role of implicit evaluations (affects) observed in goal pursuit can be anticipated to arise also in the context of cognitive control, e.g., during the performance of the Stroop task. The role of positive and negative affect in goal pursuit consists in controlling attention resources according to the goal and situational requirements. Positive affect serves to maintain goals and means in the scope of attention (EF1), whereas negative affect activates the inhibition of non-functional contents, e.g., distractors and irrelevant objects (resulting in attention disengagement; EF2). Adaptation to conflict proceeds via sequential triggering of negative and positive affect (EF3). Moreover, it was demonstrated that the focus on action or reflection changes the scope of contents subjected to implicit (affective) control. Therefore, I suggest that the motivational system, to a large extent, plays the role of the Central Executive. The paper opens a discussion and proposes studies on affective mechanisms of cognitive control.
The effectiveness of working memory training – points to consider for future research
Authors: Szewczyk Rafal
Published: May 2016

Working memory training (WMT) has recently become one of the most debated issues in the field of cognitive psychology. Since working memory (WM) is considered a strong correlate of IQ, numerous researchers have been trying to increase the latter by training the former. Proven effectiveness of working memory training could lead to its application in the therapy of many cognitive impairments. WMT could be also used as a tool of improving cognitive functioning of healthy subjects. However, almost every publication claiming to provide evidence for achieving one of above mentioned objectives has been criticised, mostly because of methodological shortcomings.

The aim of my presentation is to extract potential sources of inconsistencies existing between the authors of meta-analysis and reviews of WMT research. For this reason I take a closer look at results and conclusions of several meta-analysis and reviews. As a result I point few indications that should be taken into consideration in future studies on WMT effectiveness.
Is working memory working against suggestion susceptibility? Results from extended version of DRM paradigm
Authors: Maciaszek Patrycja
Published: May 2016

The paper investigates relationship between working memory efficiency, defined as the result of its’ processing & storage capacity (Oberauer et al., 2003) and the tendency to (1) create assosiative memory distortions (false memories, FM); (2) yield under the influence of external, suggesting factors. Both issues were examined using extended version of Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure (1959, 1995), modified in order to meet the study demands. Suggestion was contained in an ostentatious feedback information the participants (N=88) received during the DRM procedure. Working memory (WM) was measured by standardized tasks (n-back, Jaeggi et al., 2010; automatic-ospan, Unsworth et al., 2005). Study included 3 conditions, differing in the quality of suggestion (positive, negative or neutral). Participants were assigned into 3 groups, depending on results they achieved completing the WM tasks. Obtained results alongside the previously set hypothesis, revealed that (1) WM impacts individuals’ tendency to create false memories in DRM and (2) that the individuals showing higher rates in WM tasks are less willing to yield to suggestion compared to those with lesser ones. It also showed that the greater amount to shift (Gudjonsson, 2003), emerges under the negative suggestion condition (collating positive). Notwithstanding that the interaction effect did not achieve saliency, both analyzed factors (WM and suggesting content) are considered as meaningful to explain memory suggestion susceptibility in presented study. Although, obtained results emphasize the crucial role of WM efficiency, that is believed to decide the magnitude of feedback that is influential in every subject. Therefore, issue demands further exploration.
Parent-Teacher Concordance in Rating Preschooler Difficulties in Behavioural and Cognitive Functioning and Their Dyadic Predicting of Fluid Intelligence
Authors: Orylska Anna , Brzezicka Aneta , Racicka-Pawlukiewicz Ewa , Albinski Rafał , Sedek Grzegorz
Published: May 2016

Objective: Present research examined children’s behavioural and cognitive functioning by using data from a screening study based on reports given by parents and teachers, and investigated the strongest predictors of children’s fluid intelligence.

Method: Scales: Conners Early Childhood Behaviour Scale (CEC BEH [S]) and Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P) were filled out by parents and teachers of preschool children. Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) was used to measure fluid intelligence among preschool children.

Results: Parent-teacher concordance was low to moderate. Working memory in BRIEF-P estimated by teachers and parents mediated the relationship between inattention/hyperactivity in CEC BEH [S] and fluid intelligence among preschoolers. The difficulties with working memory assessed by teachers and parents were significant predictors of Raven scores; however, predictions based on teachers’ assessments were stronger.

Conclusion: Clinicians should collect reports from various observers in order to implement prevention programs and optimize clinical diagnoses for children. Information from both parents and teachers give significant and complementary contribution to understanding difficulties with cognitive and behavioural functioning of preschoolers.
Where was it? Working memory as a predictor of passive vocabulary development in the third year of life
Authors: Białecka-Pikul Marta , Kosno Magdalena , Byczewska-Konieczny Karolina
Published: May 2016

The objective of the presented research was to test whether working memory, measured using the Spin the Pots task, is an important factor in passive vocabulary development in 2- and 3-year-old children. Two longitudinal studies were conducted. In the first, 135 children participated in the first study. At 18 months their responding to joint attention was measured, and then at 24 months their working memory and passive vocabulary was tested. It was demonstrated that responding to joint attention predicts the level of development of working memory, which in turn influences the extent of the passive vocabulary. In the second study, 113 children participated - at 30 months their working memory was measured, and at 24 months and then 36 months their passive vocabulary was tested. It was observed that at the age of 3 working memory is still a significant predictor of passive vocabulary. The usefulness of the Spin the Pots task for measuring the working memory of young children was shown and discussed in conclusions.
Three functional aspects of working memory as strong predictors of early school achievements: The review and illustrative evidence
Authors: Sedek Grzegorz , Krejtz Izabela , Rydzewska Klara , Kaczan Radoslaw , Rycielski Piotr
Published: May 2016

The paper presents an overview of research on working memory as a predictor of early school achievements. We contrast two main areas of research on the role of working memory in school achievements: the first concerns the structural model of working memory and the second focuses on executive functions. Then, we discuss the facet model of working memory as a promising approach merging the two research branches on working memory tasks as predictors of early school achievements. At the end we present exemplary results of the research conducted on a national sample of six- and seven-year-olds in Poland, which indicates strong relation of working memory functions with the measures of competences in mathematics, reading, and writing. Additionally, the mediation analyses, with parents’ education as a covariate, indicate that the influence of age on achievements in math, reading, and writing in six- and seven-year olds is mediated by working memory functions.
The role of executive processes in working memory deficits in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gruszka Aleksandra , Bor Daniel , Barker Roger R. , Necka Edward , Owen Adrian M.
Published: May 2016

Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) impairs working memory, but the exact nature of this deficit in terms of the underlying cognitive mechanisms is not well understood. In this study patients with mild clinical symptoms of PD were compared with matched healthy control subjects on a computerized battery of tests designed to assess spatial working memory and verbal working memory. In the spatial working memory task, subjects were required to recall a sequence of four locations. The verbal working memory task was methodologically identical except for the modality of the stimuli used, requiring subjects to orally recall a sequence of six digits. In either case, half of the sequences were structured in a way that allowed ‘chunking’, while others were unstructured. This manipulation was designed to dissociate the strategic component of task performance from the memory-load component. Mild medicated patients with PD were impaired only on the structured versions of the verbal working memory tasks. The analogous deficit in the spatial working memory was less pronounced. These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that working memory deficits in PD reflect mainly the executive component of the tasks and that the deficits may be at least partly modality-independent.
Positive Orientation and the Five-Factor Model
Authors: Miciuk Łukasz Roland , Jankowski Tomasz , Laskowska Agnieszka , Oleś Piotr
Published: May 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between positive orientation (PO) defined as a basic predisposition to perceive and evaluate positive aspects of life, the future and oneself and the Five-Factor Model of personality (FFM). Hypotheses postulated positive correlations between PO and extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness; a negative correlation was predicted between PO and neuroticism. Two hundred Polish students completed the following measures: SES (Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg), SWLS (The Satisfaction with Life Scale; Diener, Emmons, Larson & Griffin), LOT-R (The Life Orientation Test - Revised; Scheier, Carver & Bridges) and NEOFFI (NEO Five Factor Inventory, Costa & McCrae). The results confirmed correlations between PO and extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism; correlations with openness and agreeableness were not supported. According to canonical correlations, PO shows a clear affinity to the FFM.
Size and type of places, geographical region, satisfaction with life, age, sex and place attachment
Authors: Mandal Alan
Published: May 2016

The topic of the article concerns the issue of place attachment and its determinants. An analysis of place attachment was performed in terms of place identity and place dependence (Williams, Vaske, 2003). Moreover, links between place attachment and selected geographical (size and type of place, geographical region), demographic (age, sex) and psychological (satisfaction with life) variables were investigated.

The study group included 759 respondents: 398 women and 361 men, aged 18-83 years, residing in 74 places in the Silesian Province, a region in Poland: in 10 sub-regions in the Upper Silesian conurbation and outside the conurbation. The study used the Place Attachment Scale (Williams, Vaske, 2003), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, Griffin, 1985) and a personal information section containing questions regarding place of permanent residence, sex and age.

Results showed that subjects residing in smaller and non-industrial places had a stronger place attachment than those residing in larger and industrial cities. People living outside the Upper Silesian conurbation were more strongly attached to their place of residence in terms of place identity than those residing in the Upper Silesian conurbation. People living in the Zagłębie (industrial) sub-region were more strongly attached in terms of place dependence than those residing in the Bytom sub-region (devastated with high unemployment). Satisfaction with life was positively correlated with place attachment. Older subjects were more strongly attached to their place of residence. Men and women did not differ in the sense of place attachment and life satisfaction.
Marangoni effect in nonequilibrium multiphase system of material processing
Authors: Wang Ji-min , Liu Guo-hua , Fang Yun-long , Li Wen-ke
Published: May 2016

In a nonequilibrium multiphase system, the Marangoni effect has important influence on interphase heat and mass transfer induced by interfacial tension gradient associated with either solutal or thermal gradients in numerous applications. Although the basic knowledge of the Marangoni effect has made great progress, its mechanism is not yet fully recognized. An in-depth understanding of the basic principles of heat and mass transport induced by the Marangoni effect is important for better operation of interphase transfer units. This report aims to provide a systematic study of the mechanisms of the Marangoni effect. Special foci are concentrated on the field of material processing, which encompasses the process wherein the raw materials are transformed into useful engineering products. A series of experimental, theoretical, or simulated results are extracted from the literature to elucidate the mechanism of the Marangoni effect and to rationalize the interphase transport phenomena. We examine the major physical explanations and attempt to distinguish the working principle behind the process. Perspectives are also proposed to trigger further innovative thinking about the topics. This work provides new insight into material processing by taking advantage of the Marangoni effect and has far-reaching implications in the design of future nonequilibrium multiphase system.
Asbestos exposure and mesothelioma incidence and mortality in Bulgaria
Authors: Vangelova Katya , Dimitrova Irina
Published: May 2016

Bulgaria totally banned the import, production and use of asbestos in 2005, but produced and used asbestos products during the last 3–4 decades of the 20th century. The aim of this study was to follow the incidence and mortality of mesothelioma in Bulgaria in relation to past occupational exposures. A literature search between 1960 and 2014 was conducted to obtain information on asbestos consumption, occupational exposure and asbestos-related diseases (ARDs). Data on registered mesotheliomas were provided by the National Cancer Register and data for recognized occupational ARDs were provided by the National Social Security Institute. An increase in the incidence of mesothelioma from 5 to 58 from 1993 to 2013, with 666 cases in the 21-year period, was registered. Incidence, mortality rates, deaths and male-to-female ratios and were lower in comparison to industrialized countries. The increase in mesothelioma incidence is considered as a consequence of more recent production and use of asbestos and asbestos products and the high occupational exposure between 1977 and 1989, while the lower rate of mesothelioma deaths and male-to-female ratio need to be investigated further.
Glocal and food: On alimentary translation
Authors: Sedda Franciscu
Published: May 2016

The essay investigates the relation between glocal and food. As it engages the task, it touches upon three principal domains: (I) the first is the intimate and constitutive relation between the idea of farming and the rise of the term glocal; (II) the second, and more substantial domain concerns the exploration of the device of appropriation within the European semiosphere of the foods originating in the Americas – such as the tomato, the potato, turkey, chocolate, coffee; (III) the third domain engages the semiopolitical tensions centering around the symbolic dish of Sardinian cuisine, su porceddu (suckling pig), before and within the European context. More broadly, the essay draws a comparison between the unperceived glocality of past food exchanges and hybridizations with aspects of alimentary contemporaneity. By means of this comparison the essay will show how today’s explicit recognition of gastronomical-cultural diversity produces paradoxical effects of limitation of alimentary translatability. At the same time, the comparison underlines how and why contemporary food consumption can be described as a glocal production of the authentic.
Structural, Hirshfeld surface and theoretical analysis of two conformational polymorphs of N,N′-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)oxalamide
Authors: Jotani Mukesh M. , Zukerman-Schpector Julio , Madureira Lucas Sousa , Poplaukhin Pavel , Arman Hadi D. , Miller Tyler , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: May 2016

The common feature of two conformational polymorphs of N,N′-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)oxalamide is their crystallisation in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z=4. In low symmetry form 1, the central core is effectively planar and the terminal pyridyl rings adopt a syn-periplanar conformation. In the high symmetry form, 2, there are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit but each is located about a centre of inversion. The rings again are almost perpendicular to the central plane but, from symmetry are anti-periplanar. Computational chemistry shows that symmetric molecules with syn (two-fold) and anti (centrosymmetric) conformations have nearly identical energies. In the molecular packing of each of 1 and 2, supramolecular tapes based on amide-N–H···O(amide) hydrogen bonding are found. In 1, these are connected into layers by C–H···N(pyridyl) interactions, while in 2, the chains are linked into a three-dimensional architecture by C–H···N(pyridyl) interactions. The importance of hydrogen bonding is emphasised in the analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces.
Rank Order Coding: a Retinal Information Decoding Strategy Revealed by Large-Scale Multielectrode Array Retinal Recordings
Authors: Portelli Geoffrey , Barrett John M. , Hilgen Gerrit , Masquelier Timothée , Maccione Alessandro , Di Marco Stefano , Berdondini Luca , Kornprobst Pierre , Sernagor Evelyne
Published: May 2016

How a population of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) encodes the visual scene remains an open question. Going beyond individual RGC coding strategies, results in salamander suggest that the relative latencies of a RGC pair encode spatial information. Thus, a population code based on this concerted spiking could be a powerful mechanism to transmit visual information rapidly and efficiently. Here, we tested this hypothesis in mouse by recording simultaneous light-evoked responses from hundreds of RGCs, at pan-retinal level, using a new generation of large-scale, high-density multielectrode array consisting of 4096 electrodes. Interestingly, we did not find any RGCs exhibiting a clear latency tuning to the stimuli, suggesting that in mouse, individual RGC pairs may not provide sufficient information. We show that a significant amount of information is encoded synergistically in the concerted spiking of large RGC populations. Thus, the RGC population response described with relative activities, or ranks, provides more relevant information than classical independent spike count- or latency- based codes. In particular, we report for the first time that when considering the relative activities across the whole population, the wave of first stimulus-evoked spikes is an accurate indicator of stimulus content. We show that this coding strategy coexists with classical neural codes, and that it is more efficient and faster. Overall, these novel observations suggest that already at the level of the retina, concerted spiking provides a reliable and fast strategy to rapidly transmit new visual scenes.
Tristetraprolin binding site atlas in the macrophage transcriptome reveals a switch for inflammation resolution
Authors: Sedlyarov Vitaly , Fallmann Jörg , Ebner Florian , Huemer Jakob , Sneezum Lucy , Ivin Masa , Kreiner Kristina , Tanzer Andrea , Vogl Claus , Hofacker Ivo , Kovarik Pavel
Published: May 2016

Precise regulation of mRNA decay is fundamental for robust yet not exaggerated inflammatory responses to pathogens. However, a global model integrating regulation and functional consequences of inflammation‐associated mRNA decay remains to be established. Using time‐resolved high‐resolution RNA binding analysis of the mRNA‐destabilizing protein tristetraprolin (TTP), an inflammation‐limiting factor, we qualitatively and quantitatively characterize TTP binding positions in the transcriptome of immunostimulated macrophages. We identify pervasive destabilizing and non‐destabilizing TTP binding, including a robust intronic binding, showing that TTP binding is not sufficient for mRNA destabilization. A low degree of flanking RNA structuredness distinguishes occupied from silent binding motifs. By functionally relating TTP binding sites to mRNA stability and levels, we identify a TTP‐controlled switch for the transition from inflammatory into the resolution phase of the macrophage immune response. Mapping of binding positions of the mRNA‐stabilizing protein HuR reveals little target and functional overlap with TTP, implying a limited co‐regulation of inflammatory mRNA decay by these proteins. Our study establishes a functionally annotated and navigable transcriptome‐wide atlas (http://ttp-atlas.univie.ac.at) of cis‐acting elements controlling mRNA decay in inflammation.
Prenatal hyperandrogenism induces alterations that affect liver lipid metabolism
Authors: Abruzzese Giselle Adriana , Heber Maria Florencia , Ferreira Silvana Rocio , Velez Leandro Martin , Reynoso Roxana , Pignataro Omar Pedro , Motta Alicia Beatriz
Published: May 2016

Prenatal hyperandrogenism is hypothesized as one of the main factors contributing to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS patients have high risk of developing fatty liver and steatosis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of prenatal hyperandrogenism in liver lipid metabolism and fatty liver development. Pregnant rats were hyperandrogenized with testosterone. At pubertal age, the prenatally hyperandrogenized (PH) female offspring displayed both ovulatory (PHov) and anovulatory (PHanov) phenotypes that mimic human PCOS features. We evaluated hepatic transferases, liver lipid content, the balance between lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathway, oxidant/antioxidant balance and proinflammatory status. We also evaluated the general metabolic status through growth rate curve, basal glucose and insulin levels, glucose tolerance test, HOMA-IR index and serum lipid profile. Although neither PH group showed signs of liver lipid content, the lipogenesis and fatty oxidation pathways were altered. The PH groups also showed impaired oxidant/antioxidant balance, a decrease in the proinflammatory pathway (measured by prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 levels), decreased glucose tolerance, imbalance of circulating lipids and increased risk of metabolic syndrome. We conclude that prenatal hyperandrogenism generates both PHov and PHanov phenotypes with signs of liver alterations, imbalance in lipid metabolism and increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The anovulatory phenotype showed more alterations in liver lipogenesis and a more impaired balance of insulin and glucose metabolism, being more susceptible to the development of steatosis.
A myoma uteri diagnosztikája és kezelése
Authors: Török Péter , Póka Róbert
Published: May 2016

Uterine fibroid is the most common tumor in women of reproductive age. Depending on the size and location they can cause variety of symptoms. The clinical presentation may include bleeding disorders, infertility, pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea as well. Detection and precise evaluation of the number, size and location of myomas is possible due to advances in imaging and endoscopic methods. Treatment of fibroids depends on the severity and type of symptoms. There are medical, radiological and surgical options for treatment. Debates on fibroid management are widely published and are in focus recently, related to the “fibroid-scandal” occurred in the United States. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(21), 813–819.
A van Neck–Odelberg-betegség bemutatása két eset kapcsán
Authors: Nagy Örs , Zuh Sándor-György , Kovács Attila , Sólyom Árpád , Sólyom Réka , Gergely István
Published: May 2016

Osteochondritis ischiopubica or van Neck–Odelberg disease is characterized by atypical ossification of the ischiopubic synchondrosis. Clinical symptoms are usually pain, limping and limited range of motion of the hip joint. Radiologic images may be confused with the possibility of fracture, tumor or inflammation. In some cases it may be difficult to set up the accurate diagnosis, and during the diagnostic process it is essential that van Neck–Odelberg disease should be considered. In this paper the authors draw attention to this rare disorder and they present the history of two patients who posed diagnostic difficulties. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(21), 836–839.
What’s in a name? Problems, facts and controversies regarding neurological eponyms
Authors: Teive Hélio A. G. , Lima Plínio M. G. , Germiniani Francisco M. B. , Munhoz Renato P.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT The use of eponyms in neurology remains controversial, and important questions have been raised about their appropriateness. Different approaches have been taken, with some eponyms being excluded, others replaced, and new ones being created. An example is Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, which has been replaced by neurodegeneration with brain iron accuulatium (NBIA). Amiothoplic lateral sclerosys (ALS), for which the eponym is Charcot’s disease, has been replaced in the USA by Lou Gehrig’s disease. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an eponym that is still the subject of controversy, and various different names are associated with it. Finally,restless legs syndrome (RLS), which was for years known as Ekbom’s syndrome, has been rechristened as RLS/Willis-Ekbom syndrome.
3-D simulation of posterior fossa reduction in Chiari I
Authors: Fernandes Yvens Barbosa , Perestrelo Pedro Fábio Mendonça , Noritomi Pedro Yoshito , Mathias Roger Neves , Silva Jorge Vicente Lopes da , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT We proposed a 3D model to evaluate the role of platybasia and clivus length in the development of Chiari I (CI). Using a computer aided design software, two DICOM files of a normal CT scan and MR were used to simulate different clivus lengths (CL) and also different basal angles (BA). The final posterior fossa volume (PFV) was obtained for each variation and the percentage of the volumetric change was acquired with the same method. The initial normal values of CL and BA were 35.65 mm and 112.66º respectively, with a total PFV of 209 ml. Ranging the CL from 34.65 to 29.65 – 24.65 – 19.65, there was a PFV decrease of 0.47% – 1.12% – 1.69%, respectively. Ranging the BA from 122.66º to 127.66º – 142.66º, the PFV decreased 0.69% – 3.23%, respectively. Our model highlights the importance of the basal angle and clivus length to the development of CI.
Surgical outcomes of the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for large and giant pituitary adenomas: institutional experience with special attention to approach-related complications
Authors: Constantino Edson Rocha , Leal Rafael , Ferreira Christian Cândido , Acioly Marcus André , Landeiro José Alberto
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT Objective In this study, we investigate our institutional experience of patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for treatment of large and giant pituitary adenomas emphasizing the surgical results and approach-related complications. Method The authors reviewed 28 consecutive patients who underwent surgery between March, 2010 and March, 2014. Results The mean preoperative tumor diameter was 4.6 cm. Gross-total resection was achieved in 14.3%, near-total in 10.7%, subtotal in 39.3%, and partial in 35.7%. Nine patients experienced improvement in visual acuity, while one patient worsened. The most common complications were transient diabetes insipidus (53%), new pituitary deficit (35.7%), endonasal adhesions (21.4%), and cerebrospinal fluid leak (17.8%). Surgical mortality was 7.1%. Conclusions Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is a valuable treatment option for large or giant pituitary adenomas, which results in high rates of surgical decompression of cerebrovascular structures.
A histomorphometric study of unmyelinated fibers of the fibular nerve in Wistar rats
Authors: Tognon-Miguel Vânia , Nascimento-Elias Adriana Helena do , Schiavoni Maria Cristina Lopes , Barreira Amilton Antunes
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT There are few histomorphometric studies on the unmyelinated fibers of the fibular nerve in rats, and the number of experimental studies using this nerve has been increasing in the last years. Sixty-two percent of the endoneurial area from 10 fibular nerves of adult Wistar rats was scanned by electron microscopy, and digitized. The total number of unmyelinated axons (1.882 ± 271) was significantly lesser, and their axon diameters (0.2 µm to 2.8 µm) significantly higher than that determined in previous studies. The histogram peaked at 1 µm. The differences could be due to the nerve sampled area, the number and the age of the animals evaluated, and the laboratory techniques used. This study brings new and referential data to be used in experimental investigations involving histomorphometric evaluation of the rat fibular nerve.
Predictors of quality of life after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Weber Karina Tavares , Guimarães Viviane Assunção , Pontes Neto Octávio M , Leite João P. , Takayanagui Osvaldo Massaiti , Santos-Pontelli Taiza E. G.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT Objective To verify correlations between age, injury severity, length of stay (LOS), cognition, functional capacity and quality of life (QOL) six months after hospital discharge (HD) of victims of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method 50 patients consecutively treated in a Brazilian emergency hospital were assessed at admission, HD and six months after HD. The assessment protocol consisted in Abbreviated Injury Scale, Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Mini Mental Test, Barthel Index and World Health Organization QOL - Brief. Results Strong negative correlation was observed between LOS and GCS and LOS and RTS. An almost maximal correlation was found between RTS and GCS and functional capacity and GCS at HD. Age and LOS were considered independent predictors of QOL. Conclusion Age and LOS are independent predictors of QOL after moderate to severe TBI.
Consistent declining trends in stroke mortality in Brazil: mission accomplished?
Authors: Passos Valéria M. A. , Ishitani Lenice H. , Franco Glaura C. , Lana Gustavo C. , Abreu Daisy M. X. , Marinho Maria de Fatima , França Elisabeth B.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT Stroke mortality rates are declining in Brazil, but diferences among regions need to be better investigated. The age-adjusted stroke mortality trends among adults (30-69 years-old) from Brazilian regions were studied between 1996 and 2011. Method Data were analyzed after: 1) reallocation of deaths with non-registered sex or age; 2) redistribution of garbage codes and 3) underreporting correction. A linear regression model with autoregressive errors and a state space model were fitted to the data, aiming the estimation of annual trends at every point in time. Results Although there were high values, a steady decrease of rates was observed. The decreasing trends among all regions were statistically significant, with higher values of decline among the Northeast and Northern regions, where rates were the highest. Conclusion Standardized methodology use is mandatory for correct interpretation of mortality estimates. Although declining, rates are still extremely high and efforts must be made towards prevention of stroke incidence, reduction of case-fatality rates and prevention of sequelae.
In the choice between health and money, health comes first: an analysis of happiness among rural Chilean elderly
Authors: Lobos German , Lapo Maria del Carmen , Schnettler Berta
Published: May 2016

Abstract: We studied the relationship between happiness and individual socio-demographic context and health and dietary variables by interviewing 389 elderly individuals (age 60-90 years) living in rural areas in the Maule Region of Central Chile. The Lyubomirsky & Lepper (1999) subjective happiness scale was used. Ordinal logistic regression models were estimated. The discrete dependent variable was level of happiness. The following variables were significantly associated with happiness: (1) individual socio-demographic variables like age and satisfaction with the economic situation; (2) health variables like independence in activities of daily living, common activities, and self-rated health; and (3) dietary variables such as life satisfaction related to food and the frequency with which the elders shared dinner with others. The study results suggest more efficient efforts at healthy eating for the elderly in rural areas.
Os acertos de Descartes: implicações para a ciência, biomedicina e saúde coletiva
Authors: Mendonça André Luis de Oliveira , Camargo Jr Kenneth Rochel de
Published: May 2016

Resumo: A "visão recebida" acerca das ideias de Descartes contribuiu com a sedimentação da imagem de um pensador dualista que teria separado radicalmente mente e corpo, tendo sido responsável, consequentemente, por ter fornecido os alicerces da "modernidade cindida". Não faltam epítetos, que atualmente soam de modo depreciativo, para se referir ao pensamento cartesiano: mecanicismo, determinismo, reducionismo, entre outros. Neste artigo nós desenvolvemos o argumento de acordo com o qual Descartes não foi um dualista do tipo como normalmente se supõe. Com base em uma releitura de duas das suas principais obras (Discurso do Método e Meditações Metafísicas) e de uma discussão com a nova literatura sobre o tema, sustenta-se a tese de que a superação da referida "visão recebida" pode produzir uma nova luz - nas discussões no/do campo da saúde coletiva - que pode dar relevo ao chamado paradigma ampliado da saúde (a valorização de outros aspectos que não apenas o biológico ou fisiológico, tais como o psicológico, social, econômico, cultural, político).
Preditores do Comportamento Antissocial em Adolescentes
Authors: Nardi Fernanda Lüdke , Hauck Filho Nelson , Dell'Aglio Débora Dalbosco
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Este estudo investigou preditores do comportamento antissocial em 142 adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internação (G1) e 691 estudantes de escolas públicas (G2), que responderam a um questionário. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto ao comportamento antissocial, violência intra e extrafamiliar, uso de drogas e eventos estressores, com médias mais altas em G1. Dentre as variáveis investigadas, grupo, uso de drogas e eventos estressores, juntamente com a covariável sexo, explicaram 66,5% da variável dependente. Um modelo de path analysis demonstrou que as variáveis sexo e ambiente estressor, computado pelos eventos estressores, qualidade do relacionamento familiar e violência intra e extrafamiliar predizem o uso de drogas e comportamentos antissociais.
Análise Fatorial Exploratória do Questionário de Percepção de Doenças Versão Breve (Brief IPQ)
Authors: Nogueira Graziela Sousa , Seidl Eliane Maria Fleury , Tróccoli Bartholomeu Torres
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi proceder à análise fatorial exploratória da versão brasileira do Questionário de Percepção de Doenças Versão Breve (Brief IPQ). Participaram 325 pessoas adultas portadoras de enfermidades crônicas. A análise pelo método dos eixos principais, com rotação varimax, extraiu dois fatores: o Fator 1 (quatro itens; alfa de Cronbach = 0,80) denominado representação emocional e o Fator 2 (três itens; alfa de Cronbach = 0,52) nomeado representação cognitiva. Embora a solução fatorial encontrada no presente estudo tenha diferido, em parte, da proposta teórica do Modelo de Autorregulação de Leventhal, a versão brasileira do Brief IPQ pode ser considerada válida e confiável para avaliar a percepção de doenças no contexto de enfermidades crônicas.
Reflexões Teórico-Metodológicas acerca da Pesquisa em Compreensão de Textos com Crianças
Authors: Spinillo Alina Galvão , Hodges Luciana Vasconcelos dos Santos Dantas , Arruda Alberto Santos
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Dada sua natureza multifacetada, a compreensão de textos tem sido investigada a partir de uma grande variedade de recursos metodológicos. O presente artigo tece uma reflexão de natureza teórico-metodológica acerca dos principais métodos de investigação adotados nas pesquisas realizadas com crianças sobre esse tema. A análise recai sobre as principais características desses métodos, seus limites e possibilidades que apresentam ao examinar diferentes aspectos envolvidos na compreensão de textos. Dois parâmetros foram considerados: as unidades linguísticas investigadas e o momento em que a compreensão é avaliada. As análises e discussões conduzidas ilustram a estreita relação entre método e dado, contribuindo para que o pesquisador tenha uma visão mais clara daquilo que os métodos efetivamente permitem examinar sobre a compreensão de textos.
"Quero Entregar meu Bebê para Adoção": O Manejo de Profissionais da Saúde
Authors: Faraj Suane Pastoriza , Martins Bruna Maria Corazza , Santos Samara Silva dos , Arpini Dorian Mônica , Siqueira Aline Cardoso
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O presente estudo qualitativo objetivou compreender como profissionais da saúde de hospitais públicos manejam e conduzem os casos de mães que decidem entregar o filho para adoção. Entrevistas foram realizadas com sete profissionais da área de saúde. As profissionais relataram que a maioria das mulheres que entregaram seus filhos para adoção nessas instituições possuíam baixa condição socioeconômica e não tinham realizado um bom acompanhamento pré-natal durante a gestação. As entrevistas também demonstraram suas tentativas de convencer as mães a desistir de entregar seu filho, além de sua percepção de não possuírem preparo para lidar com esses casos. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário discutir esse tema junto às equipes de saúde, como também incluir na equipe profissionais da Psicologia e do Serviço Social que possam realizar o acompanhamento da gestante e da puérpera.
A desumanização Presente nos Estereótipos de Índios e Ciganos
Authors: Lima Marcus Eugênio Oliveira , Faro André , Santos Mayara Rodrigues dos
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Analisamos, em dois estudos realizados em Sergipe e Alagoas, a desumanização de duas minorias étnicas: índios e ciganos. Participaram 678 não indígenas de ambos os sexos. No primeiro estudo, foram 378 moradores de cinco cidades de Sergipe e uma de Alagoas, dos quais 104 viviam perto da única tribo indígena do estado de Sergipe. No segundo, participaram 300 não-ciganos, dos quais 153 viviam perto de comunidades ciganas. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais sobre as representações sociais e crenças coletivas acerca de ciganos e índios. Verificamos que os índios são representados como exóticos e invisíveis, predominando crenças coletivas neutras ou de exclusão moral. Quanto aos ciganos, o processo de desumanização foi mais flagrante, predominando a exclusão moral e a deslegitimação.
Representação social da indisciplina escolar
Authors: Ferreira Adriano Charles , Santos Edvanderson Ramalho dos , Rosso Ademir José
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O artigo analisa comentários de professores (n=414), em duas redes sociais, sobre a temática da indisciplina escolar. A abordagem é plurimetodológica, com caráter exploratório-descritivo e procedente análise de conteúdo. Para análise textual dos comentários, utilizou-se o software Alceste, que repartiu o corpus em três classes: classe 1, problemas disciplinares encontrados no cotidiano docente, em sala de aula; classe 2, causas extraescolares para indisciplina; classe 3, ações coercitivas para reprimir a indisciplina. Pelos comentários, conclui-se que há uma representação social dominante pautada em atitudes defensivas, compreensão heterônoma e explicação exógena ao ambiente escolar e pedagógico, e outra minoritária, de natureza relacional, que leva em consideração a interação dos fatores que a produzem.
Estereótipos sociais do idoso para diferentes grupos etários
Authors: Torres Tatiana de Lucena , Camargo Brigido Vizeu , Bousfield Andréa Barbará S.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar estereótipos de idosos para diferentes grupos etários. Foram realizados oito grupos focais com cinco integrantes cada. Foram utilizadas 12 fotografias de pessoas e 70 cartões com adjetivos atribuídos ao idoso. Os participantes (40) foram divididos por sexo e grupo etário. Destes, 30 relataram contato diário com idosos. Para os idosos, idade foi o principal critério de categorização, seguido de etnia. Para os outros grupos, o principal critério foi sexo, seguido de idade. Em média, cada grupo constituiu três categorias, todos evidenciaram a idade como critério utilizado. Categorias consensuais emergiram sobre "idosos": culto, depressivo, ranzinza, positivo e negativo. O efeito de homogeneidade do out-group ocorreu na maioria dos grupos, mas o favoritismo intergrupal não aconteceu.
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental para Compras Compulsivas: Um Estudo de Caso Sistemático
Authors: Brandtner Maríndia , Serralta Fernanda Barcellos
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O presente estudo de caso sistemático examinou o processo e os resultados da terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) de uma compradora compulsiva. A duração do tratamento foi pré-definida em 12 sessões. Todas as sessões foram codificadas com o Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS), um método empírico de avaliação do processo terapêutico. Medidas de resultados incluíram a avaliação de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e compras compulsivas, bem como do ajustamento social. Houve mudança clinicamente significativa e confiável nos sintomas e no ajustamento social, após o tratamento. A análise do processo indicou que fatores da terapeuta (empatia e responsividade), fatores da paciente (colaboração), fatores da relação (aliança terapêutica) e fatores técnicos (apoio e tarefas de casa) contribuíram para as mudanças observadas.
Concepções do Alcoolismo na Atualidade: Pesquisas Hegemônicas, Avanços e Contradições
Authors: Moraes Renata Jacintho Siqueira , Barroco Sonia Mari Shima
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O texto resulta de uma revisão da literatura a respeito das concepções e formulações hegemônicas atuais sobre o alcoolismo, com vistas a identificarmos as principais proposições em relação à sua etiologia. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados segundo as formulações da saúde mental com base na epidemiologia crítica marxista, com objetivo de historicizar as concepções encontradas. Identificou-se que a etiologia bio-psico-social, com prevalência na determinação biológica, apresentou-se como proposta recorrente para explicação do alcoolismo. Tal enfoque aponta a uma individualização do problema do abuso do álcool e a uma fragmentação das múltiplas determinações que compõem tal problema.
Evidências de validade e fidedignidade da Escala Internacional de Inteligência Leiter-R para crianças dos 6 aos 8 anos
Authors: Mecca Tatiana Pontrelli , Carvalho Lucas de Francisco , Simões Mário Rodrigues , Macedo Elizeu Coutinho
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Este estudo verificou os parâmetros psicométricos da escala não-verbal de inteligência Leiter-R. Esta foi administrada em 213 crianças com idade entre 6 e 8 anos. Análise fatorial exploratória e índices de ajustes confirmatórios mostraram adequação da estrutura interna para dois fatores conforme a versão original do instrumento. Foi verificada estabilidade temporal, com correlações de magnitude moderada a alta entre teste e re-teste. Coeficientes de Kuder-Richardson e Spearman-Brown variaram entre os subtestes em função das diferentes idades. Maiores valores foram observados nos subtestes Sequências e Padrões Repetidos para todas as idades. Aumento significativo dos escores ocorreu apenas dos 6 para os 7 e 8 anos. Foram verificadas evidências de validade convergente com a WISC-III e as Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven.
Estigmatização e Riscos no Trabalho dos Necrotomistas
Authors: Silva Frankleudo Luan de Lima , Souza Paulo Cesar Zambroni de , Araújo Anísio José da Silva , Pinto Francinaldo do Monte
Published: May 2016

RESUMO Este artigo objetivou compreender de que maneira a estigmatização é vivenciada por necrotomistas e a relação que eles desenvolvem com os riscos de sua atividade. Quanto à teoria, utilizaram-se os conceitos de estigma e risco, articulando-os com elementos da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Metodologicamente, combinaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e observações na sala de necropsias. Para a análise dos dados, a opção foi pela análise de conteúdo temática. Participaram deste estudo os necrotomistas do Departamento de Medicina Legal de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Evidenciou-se que a intensa estigmatização está associada ao desconhecimento popular sobre sua atividade e à natureza de seu trabalho. A relação dos necrotomistas com os riscos, inclusive aqueles produzidos pela vivência do estigma, está mediada por um uso intensivo de estratégias defensivas que podem não contribuir para transformar positivamente as situações de trabalho.
Resiliência e Justiça Organizacional como Antecedentes da Percepção de Desenvolvimento Profissional
Authors: Monteiro Ana Claudia , Mourão Luciana
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O mercado competitivo da atualidade tem exigido mais qualificação dos trabalhadores, o que aumenta a relevância do construto desenvolvimento profissional. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar um modelo de predição da percepção do desenvolvimento profissional. Participaram da pesquisa 320 trabalhadores de diferentes categorias profissionais de organizações públicas e privadas. O questionário continha três escalas, todas com bons indicadores psicométricos. Os resultados apontados a partir da regressão múltipla confirmaram que percepção de justiça organizacional e resiliência predizem positivamente a percepção de desenvolvimento profissional, sendo que esta demonstra maior poder preditivo. Os resultados foram discutidos de acordo com a teoria do desenvolvimento profissional.
A Referência a Marx no Ensino de Lacan
Authors: Cardoso Mauricio José d'Escragnolle , Darriba Vinicius Anciães
Published: May 2016

RESUMO A referência a Marx forma uma constante no ensino de Lacan. Rastreando o conjunto de tais referências, vemos Marx surgir, desaparecer, para, logo em seguida, ressurgir no interior do pensamento lacaniano. Tal diálogo manifesta a persistência de um núcleo central. Nesse sentido, consideramos que o interesse de Lacan em formalizar a relação existente entre os conceitos de sujeito do significante, de Outro e de gozo constitui o núcleo de tal diálogo do começo ao fim. Nosso artigo tratará da recorrência desse núcleo temático, percorrendo sucessivamente três diferentes momentos desse diálogo na obra de Lacan.
O que os adolescentes brasileiros e portugueses pensam quando pensam em comprar?
Authors: Lins Samuel Lincoln Bezerra , Poeschl Gabrielle
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O consumo e a aquisição de bens materiais desempenham um papel determinante na vida das pessoas e a exposição aos produtos através da mídia influencia principalmente o público adolescente. No intuito de identificar as representações sociais do ato de comprar dessa faixa etária, pedimos a 482 adolescentes brasileiros e a 238 adolescentes portugueses para se expressarem sobre a palavra "comprar" através de uma tarefa de associação de palavras. As respostas recolhidas foram analisadas por meio do programa de análise textual Alceste que extraiu seis classes relacionadas a produtos típicos do público adolescente, aos aspectos da compra (emocional e cognitivo) e ao ambiente de compra. Verificou-se um efeito do sexo de pertença e do contexto socioeconómico sobre as representações formadas.