bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First molecular evidence of hemotropic mycoplasmas in goats from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Livnjak Amela , imusi Nejra , Fuehrer Hans , Barogh Bita , upi Jovana , i Lejla
Published: February 2025

Background:
Hemoplasmas represent the type of bacteria that infect red blood cells, potentially leading to various health impacts, including changes in blood parameters. The close interaction between hemoplasma and red blood cells results in cell damage through immune-related and other unspecified mechanisms. Even with a strong immune response and antibiotic treatment, affected animals are likely to remain chronic carriers once clinical symptoms have subsided. These microorganisms were previously documented in sheep and other small ruminants worldwide.

Aim:
Since there is a lack of research on the link between Mycoplasma infection and blood parameters, our aim was to investigate how Mycoplasma infection affects these blood parameters. Also, the study conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina represents the first documented research of hemoplasma infection in goats within this region.

Methods:
In this research, twenty Alpine goats were sampled to investigate the presence of hemoplasma using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene fragments were identified subsequently. The effect of Mycoplasma ovis infection was observed on the following hematological parameters: Red Blood Cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Reticulocyte count (RETIC), White Blood Cell (WBC). Effect on white blood cell differentiation, absolute white blood cell counts, platelet count (PLT), and mean platelet volume (MPV) were also investigated.

Results:
PCR analysis confirmed the presence of Mycoplasma spp. in seven out of the twenty blood samples. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed that all positive samples were identified as Mycoplasma ovis. The research findings highlighted potential effects on blood parameters in infected goats. Goats infected with M. ovis exhibited higher mean levels of HGB and HCT compared to uninfected goats. However, there were no statistically significant differences in RBC counts between infected and uninfected groups. The study also noted significantly higher WBC counts in goats without M. ovis infection.

Conclusion:
35% of animals tested positive for Mycoplasma ovis. Our study's findings showed notable differences in hematological parameters between goats infected with M. ovis and those that were not infected.
Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic tree analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from sheep subclinical mastitis milk
Authors: Alalaf Alaa , Taha Ayman , Sheet Omar
Published: February 2025

Background:
Staphylococcus (S.) aureus describes the greatest common cause of mastitis in sheep. however, little information was available concerning methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in milk of mastitic sheep.

Aim:
The current study aimed to find exactly the incidence of S. aureus and MRSA in milk samples from sheep farmhouses in Mosul city, in addition to discover specific genes that encode virulence factors.

Methods:
Samples of sixty sheep's subclinical milk were gathered between October 2023 and February 2024 from various places around the Nineveh governorate. Standard methods which include selective media and biochemical testing were utilized in the current study. Furthermore, the nuc, mecA, clfA, clfB, and coa genes in the S. aureus were determined utilizing a PCR technique.

Results:
According to our findings, S. aureus was found in sheep subclinical mastitis at a rate of 23.3% (14/60) in sheep milk. Furthermore, all S. aureus isolates 100% appeared carrying of the nuc, mecA, clfA, and coa genes, while 92.9% isolates were positive for the clfB gene. The gene profiles of S. aureus isolates were divided into two primary categories. Based on of the clfA, clfB, and coa genes, nine unique strains of S. aureus sequences were submitted in the NCBI GenBank. The Phylogenetic tree analysis of all study isolates demonstrated its identity to various strains in the NCBI-BLAST.

Conclusion:
The incidence of S. aureus infections emphasized the presence of an issue in husbandry practices, insufficient adherence to basic hygiene protocols, and the random use of antibiotics.
Detection of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from duck cloacal swab in Jombang, Indonesia
Authors: Thesia Naomi , Khairullah Aswin , Effendi Mustofa , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Puspitasari Yulianna , Ahadini Susmitha , Moses Ikechukwu , Yanestria Sheila , Riwu Katty , Wasito Wasito , Baihaqi Zein , Ahmad Riza
Published: February 2025

Background:
Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria is one of the pathogens that are often found in poultry and can cause various diseases in animals and humans. Currently, there are many reports of increasing multidrug resistance (MDR) K. pneumoniae showing including carbapenems, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and fluoroquinolones.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and the presence of multidrug resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates isolated from duck cloacal swabs taken from duck farms in three different sub-districts, namely Paras sub-district, Karang Turi sub-district, and Tembelang sub-district, Jombang district.

Methods:
This study used 180 duck cloaca swab samples and analyzed for the presence of K. pneumoniae using standard microbiology techniques. Positive isolates of K. pneumoniae were then tested for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion test method.

Results:
This study showed that 21 (100%) isolates were resistant to antibiotics and 16 (76.19%) isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR).

Conclusion:
The presence of bacteria that are resistant to many types of antibiotics is a threat to public and animal health.
Computational insights in CD58 binding to ASFV CD2v and in silico optimization of nanobody designs against the interface
Authors: Dulay Albert , Padilla Richelle , Odchimar Nyzar , Orosco Fredmoore
Published: February 2025

Background:
African swine fever (ASF) continues to hamper pork production worldwide. In addition to vaccines, there is a need to develop curative therapeutics, such as highly-specific antibodies or nanobodies, against immunogenic proteins with important functions such as the viral CD2-like protein (CD2v). However, further characterization of CD2v, such as its binding with cellular partners, is needed for the rational development of such biologics.

Aim:
We aimed to analyze the binding interaction of CD2v from pandemic genotypes I and II and swine CD58 using molecular simulations and optimize the nanobodies to target the conserved epitope around the identified binding site using a computational pipeline.

Methods:
CD2v-CD58 complexes and equivalents from swine and humans were generated and simulated to characterize their binding. Mapping of residue contributions to binding, variability, epitope propensity, and epitope multiplicity allowed us to select a conserved region near the site. Optimized nanobodies were developed from sequences deposited in the NanoLAS repository, following screening for physicochemical and reactogenic parameters, docking, iterative optimization, and molecular dynamics simulations compared to controls.

Results:
Simulations report poor affinity of CD2v to CD58 in the “canonical” pose and present a novel pose backed by docking, simulation data, and recent observations. The new site might have developed due to immunological considerations and may reproduce observed lymphocyte non-proliferation by hijacking CD58-CD2 ruler functions in immunological synapse formation. Two nanobodies were also developed targeting genotype I and II CD2vs with stable binding and better affinity, solubility, allergenicity, and antigenicity than the controls NB22 and 18a3.

Conclusion:
Herein, we showcase the power of computational biology techniques to elucidate ASFV-host interactions and simultaneously design therapeutics to target the identified novel binding site. Further validation is needed to confirm these findings; however, future work on other relevant ASFV proteins may lead to potent cocktails with therapeutic potential.
Impact of Newcastle disease virus vaccines and genetic variations on interleukin-4 activation in broiler chicken
Authors: Edan Rand , Jumaa Rawaa
Published: February 2025

Background:
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a virus that causes a significant economic impact on the poultry industry and is primarily controlled through vaccination. Most of the vaccinations with the LaSota strain are either live attenuated or inactivated vaccines, both of which are from the Lentogenic pathotype.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the influence of vaccine type and genetic variations on Chicken Interleukin-4 (ChIL4) activation.

Methods:
Three groups were examined: Group K received killed vaccine, Group L received live vaccine, and Group C served as the control. Blood samples were collected on days 15, 25, and 35 post-vaccinations to assess ChIL4 levels using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and for molecular analysis using PCR.

Results:
Group K showed a gradual increase in ChIL4 levels from 11.19±0.17 to 13.70±0.38, while Group L exhibited an initial increase on day 15 followed by stabilization on days 25 and 35. In contrast, ChIL4 levels in Group C declined over time from 4.84±0.39 to 4.32±0.25. Molecular analysis revealed four genetic variations of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) type at locations (3044, 3132, 3261, 3499) bp, with the third SNP at location (3261bp) resulting in an amino acid change from valine to isoleucine. Analysis indicated that variants for most of these SNPs occur more likely in Group K compared to the other two groups.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that genetic variations, particularly SNPs, may play a significant role in ChIL4 activation, potentially impacting vaccine efficacy and immune response.
Restoration of sperm quality in lead acetate-induced rats via treatment with Moringa oleifera leaf extract
Authors: Wurlina Wurlina , Mustofa Imam , Meles Dewa , Khairullah Aswin , Akintunde Adeyinka , Rachmawati Kadek , Suwasanti Niluh , Putra Dewa , Mulyati Sri , Utama Suzanita , Khoiriyah Ulul , Defvyanto Baich , Heriana Sila , Riwu Katty , Ahmad Riza , Riwu Audrey
Published: February 2025

Background:
Lead intoxication triggers testicular toxicity via oxidative stress.

Aim:
This study aimed to explore the antioxidant potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) in enhancing the semen quality of rats exposed to lead acetate.

Methods:
Twenty-five healthy rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups. Group C served as the negative control, whereas group C+ was exposed to lead acetate at 50 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day without MOLE. The T1, T2, and T3 groups were exposed to lead acetate at 50 mg/kg BW and concurrently received MOLE at doses of 200, 316, and 500 mg/kg BW/day, respectively, for 20 days. On the 21st day, all rats were euthanized for blood collection and testicle harvesting.

Results:
The result showed that exposure to lead acetate at 50 mg/kg BW/day in group C+ led to significant decreases (p < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), Leydig and Sertoli cell counts, spermatozoa numbers, sperm motility, and live spermatozoa, as well as significant increases (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and apoptotic and necrotic sperm, compared with control group C–. The administration of MOLE to rats exposed to lead acetate resulted in improvement in all of these variables. However, SOD and testosterone levels, as well as spermatozoa numbers, viability, apoptosis, and necrosis, did not recover in group T3 (p < 0.05) compared with control group C–.

Conclusion:
MOLE effectively restores sperm quality in lead acetate–induced rats.
Molecular and serological detection of Leptospira interrogans among wild rats in flood-prone residential areas of Indonesia
Authors: Darlan Dewi , Mayasari Evita , Hutagalung Sunna , Kurniawan Ahadi , Sinaga Ledy , Pinem Alemina , Ambarita Bernike
Published: February 2025

Background:
Indonesia is a tropical country with heavy rainfall, mostly in low-lying areas. Floods are one of the most common natural disasters in Indonesia, with climate change causing continuous flooding in some regions. The spread of human pathogens as a severe consequence of flooding, such as Leptospira, which may cause Weil’s disease, is a concern for public health.

Aim:
In this cross-sectional study, we compared DNA from the rat kidney and serum samples to identify pathogenic Leptospira using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification to promote a less invasive method of collecting samples from the rat vectors.

Methods:
Fifty-nine rodents inhabiting highly populated, flood-prone suburban regions were captured inside and outside the houses. Following DNA extractions, we analyzed the quantity and quality of DNA concentration from the kidney and serum specimens using a nanophotometer. The lipL32 gene was amplified to detect the pathogenic Leptospira.

Results:
The mean value of kidney DNA was 151.67 ng/µl with an average A260/A280 value of 1.836, whereas the mean value of serum DNA was 22.08 ng/µl with an average A260/A280 value of 1.233. Twenty (33.9%) kidney DNA and 10 (16.9%) serum DNA samples showed the target DNA (lipl32). The multiple sequence alignment (MSA) analysis revealed the lipL32 sequences homology to L. interrogans ser. Copenhageni.

Conclusion:
Rat kidneys exhibited higher DNA amount and purity than the serum. Moreover, PCR detection of lipl32 revealed higher positive results in kidney DNA than serum DNA samples, with high similarity to L. interrogans lipl32 sequences. Therefore, the kidney remains a better DNA source than serum for the molecular analysis of Leptospira in rats.
A preliminary study on physiological dynamism of various serum cardiac biomarkers in apparently healthy Sipli sheep of Pakistan
Authors: Sharif Madiha , Lashari Mushtaq , Farooq Umer , Idris Musadiq , Mahmood Aisha , Khan Musarrat
Published: February 2025

Background:
For sheep in tropical/subtropical areas of the world, the reported mortality and morbidity rate regarding cardiomyopathies is quite less (1-2%), yet it has been elucidated that many sheep slaughtered for meat purposes in Pakistan have enlarged hearts with underlying cardiac abnormalities.

Aim:
The present preliminary work is the first record of deducing normal reference intervals (RIs) for various serum cardiac biomarkers namely cardiac troponin I (cTnI), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and total protein (TP), and their interrelationship in apparently healthy indigenous Sipli breed of sheep (n=141) from Pakistan.

Methods:
Apropos to aseptic blood collection and serum extraction, the attributes were deduced using commercially available kits. For the sake of analyses, the studied biomarkers were attributed as independent (Na+, K+, and TP) and dependent (LDH, ALT, AST, cTnI and CK-MB) variables. The RIs were determined through Reference Value Advisor Version 2.1 as per gender and age keeping in view the guidelines provided by American Society of Veterinary Pathology (ASVCP).

Results:
The RIs for cardiac serum biomarkers included in the present study were generally within the reference range provided for sheep with slight variations which might be attributed to physiological adaptation to harsh desert climate. The Na+ significantly (P≤0.05) predicted AST (adj. r-square= 0.976, 97% probability) and CK-MB (adj. r-square= 0.477, 47% probability). Similarly, K+ significantly (P≤0.05) predicted LDH (adj. r-square= 0.626, 62% probability) and ALT (adj. r-square= 0.897, 89% probability). The TP had highest adjusted r-square of 0.770 (77% probability) with AST however it was statistically non-significant (P≥0.05).

Conclusion:
The results of the study present a baseline data about these cardiac biomarkers which may be utilized for cardiac assessment of the sheep. It is recommended that the serum cardiac biomarkers ascertained in this study may be studied in perspective to electrophysiology and ultrasonography of sheep heart for confirmed diagnosis/prognosis of cardiomyopathies.
Rehabilitation of chronic pain and enhanced healing in feline femoral surgery: A case report on laser therapy
Authors: Alagi D , Balti Kenan , inac Sabina , imusi Nejra
Published: February 2025

Background:
Chronic pain and delayed bone healing are significant challenges in veterinary rehabilitation following orthopedic surgeries in cats. These issues necessitate advanced modalities for effective management. Laser therapy, also known as photobiomodulation, has shown promise in promoting tissue repair and alleviating pain but remains underutilized in feline cases. This case report aims to evaluate the efficacy of laser therapy in managing chronic pain and enhancing bone healing in a cat following femoral surgery complicated by orthopedic implant failure.

Case Description:
A 7-year-old cat presented with persistent lameness and discomfort three years post-femoral fracture surgery. Despite initial surgical stabilization, chronic pain and restricted mobility persisted, leading to implant removal. Following surgery, the cat underwent 25 sessions of laser therapy using an 810 nm infrared semiconductor laser at a dosage of 6J. Treatment sessions were conducted over two months, beginning four days post-surgery. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed to assess therapeutic outcomes. The cat demonstrated marked improvement in weight-bearing and mobility, with reduced signs of pain. Radiographic imaging revealed significant bone remodeling and consolidation. The owner reported enhanced activity levels and overall quality of life for the cat. These findings suggest that laser therapy effectively facilitated bone healing and chronic pain relief in this case.

Conclusion:
Laser therapy proved to be a valuable component of multimodal rehabilitation in this feline patient, addressing both chronic pain and delayed bone healing. This case underscores the importance of integrating advanced therapeutic modalities into veterinary practice, particularly for complex orthopedic cases. Further research is recommended to validate these findings in larger, controlled studies.
Determination of the morphology of Eimeria spp. in beef cattle in Bandung Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Haryadi Fathur , Nurcahyo Raden , Priyowidodo Dwi , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto , Ekawasti Fitrine , Ninditya Vika
Published: February 2025

Background:
Eimeria spp. include endoparasites that can infect the digestive tract of cattle. Coccidiosis can reduce productivity, cause economic losses, increase susceptibility to other diseases, and even cause death; therefore, the urgencyof the government's role in giving special attention to this case. A high potential case was found in farms with poor livestock management systems. Coccidiosis often does not show clinical symptoms; therefore, breeders and veterinarians have difficulty recognizing early symptoms in the field.

Aim:
The purpose of the research is to identify and characterization the morphology of Eimeria spp.

Methods:
Fresh fecal samples were obtained from 106 beef cattle from Bandung Regency. Examination of fecal samples using the floating method with saturated sugar. The shape of the oocyst was observed using an Optilab microscope and oocyst measurements were performed using Image Raster software.

Results:
The examination results showed that 51 stool samples out of the 106 samples tested positive for Eimeria spp. The samples revealed eight different species of Eimeria.

Conclusion:
Eight Eimeria spp. were identified from the samples taken from the Bandung regency and they were E. bovis, E. zuernii, E. alabamensis, E. cylindrica, E. aubernensis, E. wyomingensis, E. pellita, E. canadensis. The prevalence of beef cattle coccidiosis in Bandung Regency was 48.11%. Morphological determination can be used to diagnose Eimeria spp. based on shape, size, shape index and characteristics.
A Method for Constructing Concentration Boolean Matrix
Authors: Hu Jingdan
Published: February 2025

Attribute reduction is a significant problem in rough set theory. It has been widely applied in fields such as pattern recognition and data mining. The research on attribute reduction algorithms based on discernibility matrices has attracted continuous attention from scholars. This paper proposes a method for constructing concentration Boolean matrices. By investigating the row sums of Boolean matrices, multiple discernibility elements can be simultaneously removed. Through case studies, it is demonstrated that this method can identify all minimal discernibility elements without the need for element-by-element comparison.
Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Differences in the Efficiency of Rural Renewable Energy and Influencing Factors
Authors: Li Wentao
Published: February 2025

This paper takes the rural areas of 27 provinces in China from 2009 to 2020 as the research object. Based on the Super-SBM model and the GML index, the efficiency of rural renewable energy is calculated and analyzed from both static and dynamic perspectives. Subsequently, the spatial differences among regions and the sources of these differences are analyzed using the Dagum Gini coefficient method. Finally, the panel Tobit model is used for the analysis of influencing factors. The research results show: (1) Within the study range, the efficiency of renewable energy shows significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity; the GML index presents a U-shaped characteristic, with slight declines in 2015 and 2016, and stable growth in other periods. (2) Regional differences are the main source of overall differences, but they show a gradually decreasing trend, indicating that the imbalance in the development of renewable energy in various regions in China has improved. (3) Economic level, education level, and power infrastructure have significant positive effects on the efficiency of renewable energy, while urbanization level is significantly negatively correlated with the efficiency of rural renewable energy. The impact is complex, and the effect of green finance is not significant.
Research on the Detection Method of Crude Oil Leaking on Offshore Platform based on the Improved YOLOv5s Model
Authors: Wang Zhenghua
Published: February 2025

Aiming at the demand of crude oil leakage monitoring on offshore platforms, model optimisation and crude oil leakage target detection are studied based on the YOLOv5s model. The SE attention mechanism is introduced into the backbone network of the YOLOv5s model to enhance the model's learning of small crude oil leakage targets and suppress the background interference information. The deformable convolution module DCNv2 is introduced for controlling the sampling position of the convolution kernel to reduce the influence of irrelevant factors and further improve the detection accuracy of the model for small targets. The CIOU loss function of the original YOLOv5s is replaced with the EIOU loss function, which makes the model pay more attention to the difficult-to-detect targets and improves the detection accuracy of the model for crude oil spill targets. The longitudinal comparison experiments before and after the optimisation of the YOLOv5s model, as well as the cross-sectional comparison experiments between the optimised model and other typical models, confirm the superiority of the adopted optimisation method.
The effect of public tax service and Value Added Tax (VAT) rate increase on tax compliance with patriotism as a moderating factor
Authors: Murtanto Murtanto , Situmorang Septy Ananda
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine the impact of Public Tax Service on taxation and the effect of the Value Added Tax (VAT) rate increase on the compliance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) taxpayers registered at the Jakarta Tebet Primary Tax Office. The planned VAT rate adjustment in 2025 is anticipated to significantly affect tax compliance. Since the VAT rate increased to 11% in 2022, it has posed substantial challenges, particularly in terms of rising production costs and reduced consumer purchasing power. This has prompted researchers to investigate the potential impact of a further VAT rate increase to 12%, in relation to the public tax services provided and its influence on the tax compliance of MSME taxpayers. This study utilizes primary data collected through direct surveys using questionnaires distributed to individual taxpayer respondents via Google Forms. The research employs multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 24 for data processing. The results indicate that the variable of Public Tax Service, when moderated by patriotism, does not significantly affect tax compliance. However, the VAT rate increase, together with patriotism as a moderating factor, collectively influences taxpayer compliance.
The role of company size in moderating capital intensity and manager ability to tax avoidance
Authors: Qurrotulayni Nadia , Masripah Masripah
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to examine the effect of capital intensity and managerial ability on tax avoidance by adding company size as a moderating variable, and profitability and leverage as control variables. This study is a quantitative study with a random effect model. The sample selection used purposive sampling with a total of 252 samples from 84 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021 – 2023 period. The hypothesis test used was multiple linear regression using STATA 14. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it shows that (1) capital intensity has no effect on tax avoidance, (2) managerial ability has an effect on tax avoidance, (3) company size has no effect in strengthening the relationship between capital intensity and tax avoidance (4) company size has no effect in strengthening the relationship between managerial ability and tax avoidance.This indicates that tax avoidance efforts are influenced more by managerial skills than investments in fixed assets. This emphasizes the importance of the role of management in tax planning, so regulators need to focus more on increasing supervision of tax policies related to managerial ability.
A Rare Diagnostic Challenge of Retroperitoneal Unicentric Castleman Disease.
Authors: Daghistani Ghaida
Published: February 2025

1.  Brief medical history.
 
48-year-old lady post-menopausal lady, medically free, presented to the hospital with fatigue over the last
8 months, she recently felt a mass in her abdomen. An ultrasound of the abdomen was performed and showed a soft tissue mass in the left hemiabdomen
 
 
 
 
 
2.     Diagnostic hypothesis.
 
When formulating a differential diagnosis for a soft tissue mass in the retroperitoneal space, it is often helpful to
determine first, by radiographic examination, whether the enlargement originates primarily in retroperitoneal, organ, lymph node or vascular. Hence, an enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan was ordered.
 
 
 
 
 
3.     Radiological findings with clinical outcome.
 
A CT performed after the administration of intravenous contrast material showed a large heterogenous left retroperitoneal soft tissue mass with central area of low attenuation in keeping with necrosis and a few punctate calcifications.
 
Borderline enlarged mesenteric, and para-aortic lymph nodes reaching up to 1 cm in short axis are also noted.
 
 
 
 
 
4.  Differential diagnosis.
 
The differential diagnosis of a retroperitoneal lesion is broad and can include benign and neoplastic causes. Benign causes such as infection lymphadenopathy or abscess or benign neoplasm such as ganglioneuroma, angiomyolipoma, retroperitoneal fibrosis and hemangioma. Malignant neoplasm such as liposarcoma,
leiomyosarcoma and lymphoma.
 
Uncommon tumors of the retroperitoneal space include castleman disease, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, clear cell sarcoma and ewing sarcoma among others. Distinguishing these processes is essentially impossible with imaging criteria alone, and ultimately a diagnosis based on histopathologic findings is essential.
 
 
 
5.  Outcome, with definitive pathological diagnosis.
 
Based on radiology finding the pathway was leading toward retroperitoneal liposarcoma. The patient subsequently underwent surgical excision of the mass and the surgical specimen was sent to the pathology department.
 
Retroperitoneal microscopic mass examination showed Atretic germinal centers traversed by sclerotic penetrating vessels and hyalinization - lollipop follicles
 
 
On the basis of the histopathologic features castleman diseases was diagnosed.
Radiological and Histopathological Insights into Primary Breast Endocrine Carcinoma: A Case Study
Authors: Albaqali Samar
Published: February 2025

A 75-year-old woman with a medical history of hypothyroidism presented to the triple assessment breast clinic with a 2 weeks history of right sided breast lump, no history of pain or nipple discharge with no significant family history of breast cancer. Her clinical examination revealed 4 x 4 cm hard, nonmobile right upper outer quadrant (10 O’clock) breast mass with multiple enlarged right axillary lymph nodes. No evidence of skin or underlying muscle involvement. No nipple discharge was noted. Her radiological assessment with mammogram and ultrasound showed two supicious masses; occupying the right upper outer and central outer breast, one at 9 O’clock and the second at 11-12 O’clock (the largest), with suspicious pleomorphic microcalcification in mammogram. Multiple significant axillary lymphadenopathies are also detected.
Ultrasound-guided core biopsy was performed and the histopathology was in favor of a triple negative neuroendocrine carcinoma in keeping with small cell carcinoma with axillary metastasis. An extensive work-up was done for the patient to detect distant metastasis (PET/CT scan) versus other primary tumor. Her PET scan demonstrated multicenteric breast tumor with uptake in the splenic flexure, therefore gastrocolposcopy were performed and showed adenoma with low grade dysplasia on final histopathology.The tumor was staged as cT2N2M0.
The patient started on neoadjuvant chemotherapy and on further follow up the tumor size had regressed completely, and the patient will be scheduled for surgery upon finishing her chemotherapy.
Solar Power and Environmental Peacebuilding in South-central Somalia
Authors: Ann-Sophie Böhle , Tarif Kheira
Published: February 2025

In Somalia, the widespread energy poverty and a heavy reliance on conventional energy sources are deeply linked to ongoing conflict dynamics. Dependence on firewood and charcoal worsens environmental degradation and intensifies competition over natural resources. These challenges are further exacerbated by the effects of climate change and limited access to basic services. To address these interconnected challenges, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in Somalia is advancing rural electrification through solar power as part of a broader environmental peacebuilding strategy.

This SIPRI Policy Brief explores how the IOM’s approach to solar power and the facilitation of local public–private partnerships (PPPs) can support environmental peacebuilding at three levels: the community level, the local business level and the district council level. By creating local PPP agreements to implement solar power projects, the initiatives aim to foster cooperation, reduce resource-based tensions and strengthen government legitimacy in south-central Somalia. The brief shares learnings from early implementation stages and provides recommendations for donors and implementing organizations seeking to enhance the peacebuilding potential of solar energy projects.
论古典时期雅典的“通奸”
Authors:   华东政法大学, 周 礼杰
Published: February 2025

在古典时期的雅典，通奸被认为是一种破坏城邦公民身份认同和家庭财产关系的恶劣行径。雅典人对于通奸行为的仇视造就了雅典法律与现代法律针对该行为大相径庭的处理方式。这种情况在吕西阿斯的演说辞《关于谋杀埃拉托色尼案的辩护》中得到了更为具体的描述。但是通过对诉讼演说辞文本的深入分析，会发现这样的观点并不完全符合史实。雅典法律的确对于通奸者的惩罚力度更大，但是其在制裁措施上存在相当大的张力。这体现了古典时期雅典的刑事法律体系的独特性及其与雅典社会的密切联系。
Eclectic Blended CALL Application of Indonesian EFL College Students with Different Motivation Levels in Critical Reading Courses
Authors: Rukminingsih Rukminingsih
Published: February 2025

This study utilized an eclectic blended method with CALL application, combining
flipped, brain-targeted teaching, and Know-Want to Know-Learn (KWL) to cater to
diverse student learning styles. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the
eclectic method as a teaching strategy, the difference in students’ reading motivation
before and after using the eclectic blended method with the CALL application, the
difference between high and low motivation students taught by the eclectic blended
method with the CALL application, and the interaction between the eclectic method
as a teaching strategy and students’ reading motivation level toward students’ critical
reading achievement. A 2 x 2 factorial research design was conducted in some
colleges of English Education Department students in Indonesia. The data were
collected using motivation-level questionnaires and critical reading tests. The
experimental and control classes were conducted with 30 students in each class as
the sample. The study used two-way ANOVA to analyze data, revealing significant
differences between the experimental class taught using the eclectic blended with
CALL application and the control class taught using conventional methods. The
results also revealed differences in students’ reading motivation and the interaction between the teaching strategy and their reading motivation level toward critical
reading achievement. The Eclectic Blended Method with Computer-Assisted
Language Learning (CALL) Application is an innovative approach for Indonesian
EFL college students, combining multiple teaching strategies and technology to
cater to different motivation levels in a critical reading course. This approach is
inclusive, flexible, and allows personalized learning, boosting students’ motivation
and engagement in the course. The study suggests that educators can improve
students’ reading achievement and motivation through an eclectic blended method
and recommends further research on this combination with technology instruction.
Determinants of New Condominium Prices near MRT Orange Line Stations: Case study of Estimating Housing Affordability in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Pongprasert Pornraht
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze the factors influencing the pricing of condominium projects along the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Orange Line, an electric train expected to start operations in 2025. As the main heavy rail line connecting the Eastern Bangkok suburbs with the city’s New Central Business District (New CBD), the Orange Line has significant implications for urban development. To promote land development opportunities, Bangkok’s city plan has undergone changes along the Orange Line corridor, particularly on the Ramkhamhaeng Road, which is anticipated to drive up land prices.This study examines how condominium prices may fluctuate when various factors are considered, such as proximity to MRT stations, main roads, expressway access points, private facilities, operator reliability, and the cost of common areas. The research equips real estate developers with a comprehensive understanding of these determinants to guide project development and pricing strategies aligned with market conditions. Condominium buyers can leverage accurate pricing information to make informed decisions, while real estate investors can incorporate these insights into their investment strategies. Additionally, the Revenue Department could use the data to inform land tax policies. The hedonic price model was used to determine the factors influencing the prices of condominiums along the Orange Line. The research samples are 28 brand-new condominium properties that are located only one kilometer away from the MRT stations of the Orange Line, and most of them are new condominiums that were constructed in less than 5 years. A total of 17 factors, grouped into three categories—locational, physical, and neighborhood characteristics—were evaluated using regression analysis. The findings reveal that three key factors significantly impact the prices of condominium units: floor level, distance from the train station, and distance from department stores.
Het algemene bewijsbeslag: de Hoge Raad heeft gesproken
Authors: de Boer N.
Published: February 2025

Het algemene bewijsbeslag: de Hoge Raad heeft gesproken

De auteur bespreekt in haar bijdrage naar aanleiding van de beantwoording door de Hoge Raad van de prejudiciële vragen die werden gesteld over de (on)mogelijkheid van het leggen van bewijsbeslag in niet-IE-zaken het fenomeen ‘bewijsbeslag’. Zij schetst hierbij kort de voorgeschiedenis van de aan de Hoge Raad gestelde prejudiciële vragen. Vervolgens worden de door de Hoge Raad gegeven antwoorden besproken, waarbij de auteur vanuit de praktijk beschouwd af en toe een kritische aantekening plaatst. De auteur spreekt in haar conclusie de hoop uit dat de wetgever tot wetgeving zal overgaan.
Waar wringt het bij de wraking?
Authors: Smits P.
Published: February 2025

In dit artikel wordt het rechtsvergelijkend onderzoek naar de mogelijkheden tot herziening van de Nederlandse wrakingsprocedure van juli 2012 door wetenschappers van de universiteit Utrecht (Giesen e.a.) geanalyseerd voor zover het de civiele wrakingsregeling betreft. Na een beschrijving van de wrakingsregeling in artt. 36 e.v. Rv worden de voorstellen tot efficiëncyverhoging en tempering van oneigenlijk gebruik (het interne perspectief) besproken. Vervolgens worden de suggesties tot vergroting van het maatschappelijk draagvlak van het wrakingsinstrument (het externe perspectief) bezien . De conclusie is dat de voorstellen aangaande het interne perspectief zonder meer waardevol zijn, doch dat die aangaande het externe perspectief minder aanspreken.
Uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen
Authors: Luimes A.J.
Published: February 2025

Uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen

Het onderhavige artikel gaat over de uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen. Aan de hand van enkele recente uitspraken wordt inzicht geboden in de vraag wanneer een zuiver taalkundige uitleg van een uiterste wilsbeschikking wel of niet volstaat.
Machine Learning-Based Classification of Mental Health Status on Social Media: A Case Study of Kunduz, Afghanistan
Authors:   Department of Information Systems, Computer Science Faculty, Kunduz University, Afghanistan, Adeeb Rohullah , Hekmat Hekmatullah ,   Department of Information Systems, Computer Science Faculty, Kunduz University, Afghanistan, Zahirzada Abdullah ,   Department of Information Systems, Computer Science Faculty, Kunduz University, Afghanistan
Published: February 2025

The proliferation of user-generated content results from social media's rapid development. An interdisciplinary field called computational cyber-psychology uses machine learning techniques to investigate fundamental psychological tendencies. Our study uses social media usage patterns to infer users' mental health status. The emergence of social media platforms in Afghanistan has profoundly affected the country's young people. This study aims to implement a predictive model using three machine-learning algorithms. The three selected algorithms are Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). The dataset contained in this study was collected through a questionnaire from students at Kunduz public and private universities in 2024. Data preprocessing is done before implementing the predictive models. The dataset is prepared carefully to ensure well-balanced samples in each category. The study reveals that Random Forest is the best classifier, with an accuracy of 77%. The study directly benefits the other researchers and policy or decision-makers in Afghanistan.
Construções verbo-partícula: o que “as línguas românicas” têm a ver com isso?
Authors: Azevedo Joedson dos Santos , Sousa Valéria Viana
Published: February 2025

Este estudo investiga as construções verbo-partícula em línguas românicas, focalizando no italiano, espanhol e português. Através de uma metodologia qualitativa e contrastiva, o trabalho examina como essas construções variam entre os idiomas e como são utilizadas para expressar significados idiomáticos e culturais. Utilizando a Gramática de Construções e a Gramática de Construções Diassistêmica como quadros teóricos, o estudo destaca a natureza dinâmica dessas construções em contextos multilíngues. Os resultados indicam que, enquanto as línguas germânicas frequentemente usam partículas para modificar o significado dos verbos, as românicas tendem a conferir nuances mais complexas. A análise mostra que entender essas diferenças pode enriquecer as estratégias pedagógicas para o ensino de línguas adicionais, sugerindo que uma abordagem que reconheça a interligação entre construções de diferentes línguas pode facilitar a aprendizagem. Este estudo contribui para a linguística voltada ao ensino, oferecendo insights sobre como as construções verbo-partícula podem ser usadas como ferramentas eficazes no ensino multilíngue.
Antimicrobial and ADME properties of methoxylated, methylated and nitrated 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1 carboxanilides
Authors: Vrablova Lucia , Gonec Tomas , Kauerova Tereza , Oravec Michal , Jendrzejewska Izabela , Kollar Peter , Cizek Alois , Jampilek Josef
Published: February 2025

Background and purpose: Many new compounds are being prepared to overcome the problem of increasing microbial resistance and the increasing number of infections. Experimental approach: This study includes a series of twenty-seven mono-, di- and trisubstituted 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxanilides designed as multitarget agents. The compounds are substituted with methoxy, methyl, and nitro groups, as well as additionally with chlorine, bromine, and trifluoromethyl at various positions. All the compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria. Cytotoxicity on human cells was also tested. Key results: Three compounds showed activity comparable to clinically used drugs. N-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)-2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxamide (13) showed only anti¬sta¬phylococcal activity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 54.9 µM); 2-hydroxy-N-[2-methyl-5-(tri¬fluoro¬methyl)phenyl]naphthalene-1-carboxamide (22) and 2-hydroxy-N-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phe¬nyl]na¬phtha¬lene-1-carboxamide (27) were active across the entire spectrum of tested bacteria/mycobacteria, both against the sensitive set and against resistant isolates (MICs range 0.3 to 92.6 µM). Compound 22 was even active against E. coli (MIC = 23.2 µM). The active agents showed no in vitro cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 30 μM. Conclusion: Compounds with trifluoromethyl in the meta-anilide position, experimental lipophilicity expressed as log k (logarithm of the capacity factor) in the range of 0.31 to 0.34 and calculated electron σ parameter for the anilide substituent higher than 0.59 were effective. The investigated compounds meet the definition of Michael acceptors. Based on ADME screening, the investigated compounds 13, 22 and 27 should have suitable physico¬chemical parameters for good bioavailability in the organism. Therefore, these are promising agents for further study.
Análisis del perfil de turista: caso Cantón La Maná, provincia de Cotopaxi
Authors: Palta-Agila Edison Javier , Montenegro-Holguin Nancy Carolina
Published: February 2025

El turismo en Ecuador ha crecido considerablemente en las últimas décadas, destacándose el Cantón La Maná, en la provincia de Cotopaxi, como un destino emergente para el turismo rural. EL cantón ofrece a los visitantes la oportunidad de disfrutar de paisajes naturales y tradiciones ancestrales. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el perfil del turista en La Maná, utilizando una metodología cuantitativa descriptiva basada en encuestas estructuradas a 112 turistas, obtenidas a través de Google Forms. El instrumento utilizado recoge información sobre aspectos demográficos, motivaciones, presupuesto, tiempo de visita y valoraciones sobre los servicios turísticos en la región. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados y analizados con herramientas estadísticas como SPSS. Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los turistas son nacionales con el 60%, motivados principalmente por las actividades turísticas y la seguridad (25% y 24.1%, respectivamente). En cuanto al presupuesto, un 22.3% gastó entre 20-45 dólares y otro 22.3% entre 50-80 dólares. La mayoría planeó estancias de entre 10-15 días (32.1%) o 4-5 días (26.8%). En cuanto a la experiencia, la atención al cliente y el alojamiento fueron evaluados positivamente por algunos, pero también hubo críticas. Para mejorar la oferta turística, se proponen acciones como la capacitación a prestadores de servicios, promoción en redes sociales, e implementación de prácticas sostenibles que favorezcan la cultura local y la economía regional.
ROLE OF COMPENSATION IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE WORK PRODUCTIVITY AT PT. INFOMEDIA NUSANTARA, OCC DWS PROJECT DIVISION, SOUTH JAKARTA
Authors: Rahman Ana Septia , Permada Dewi Nari Ratih , Oktarini Riri
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the role of compensation in improving employee productivity at PT. Infomedia Nusantara, OCC DWS Project Division, South Jakarta. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study involves interviews, observations, and documentation, focusing on 80 employees. Compensation, both financial and non-financial, is examined for its impact on motivation and productivity. Financial compensation includes salaries, bonuses, and insurance, while non-financial aspects cover recognition and a positive work environment. Findings reveal that compensation significantly influences employee productivity. Financial compensation, such as timely salary payments and performance-based incentives, increases employee motivation and satisfaction, leading to improved task completion and efficiency. However, the suspension of annual leave during the pandemic negatively impacted morale and work-life balance, highlighting the importance of maintaining non-financial compensation for sustained productivity. The SWOT analysis underscores the strengths of robust infrastructure and certified employees but identifies challenges, such as limited training opportunities and reduced benefits. To address these, the study suggests enhancing financial rewards and reintroducing non-financial benefits, such as flexible leave policies. This research concludes that fair and consistent compensation enhances employee performance, benefiting both employees and the organization. PT. Infomedia Nusantara is encouraged to balance financial and non-financial compensation to maintain employee satisfaction and productivity.