bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational Versus Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Reducing Cardiovascular Risks and Mortality Among Ethnic Chinese Adults in Taiwan
Authors: Hu Gwo-Chi , Chien Kuo-Liong , Hsieh Shiau-Fu , Chen Chun-Yen , Tsai Wen-Hsiang , Su Ta-Chen
Published: January 2013

The aim of the study was to investigate the associations of occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Physical activity data from the Baeck questionnaire was available for 1706 participants. During a follow-up period, there were 215 cases of CVD and 438 deaths. With the lowest tertile as the reference, the hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD and mortality in the highest tertiles of LTPA were 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46-0.92) and 0.73 (95% CI = 0.58-0.92). In contrast, the HRs for CVD and mortality in the highest tertiles of OPA were 1.75 (95% CI = 1.10-2.80) and 1.53 (95% CI = 1.06-2.22). The association between OPA and the risk of CVD and mortality was significant in men but not in women. Our findings suggest that high OPA imposes harmful effects on the risk of CVD and mortality, particularly among men.
Spatial Analysis of Dengue Fever in Guangdong Province, China, 2001-2006
Authors: Liu Chunxiao , Liu Qiyong , Lin Hualiang , Xin Benqiang , Nie Jun
Published: January 2013

Guangdong Province is the area most seriously affected by dengue fever in China. In this study, we describe the spatial distribution of dengue fever in Guangdong Province from 2001 to 2006 with the objective of informing priority areas for public health planning and resource allocation. Annualized incidence at a county level was calculated and mapped to show crude incidence, excess hazard, and spatial smoothed incidence. Geographic information system–based spatial scan statistics was conducted to detect the spatial distribution pattern of dengue fever incidence at the county level. Spatial scan cluster analyses suggested that counties around Guangzhou City and Chaoshan Region were at increased risk for dengue fever ( P < .01). Some spatial clusters of dengue fever were found in Guangdong Province, which allowed intervention measures to be targeted for maximum effect.
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Help Evasion
Authors: Persson Roger , Cleal Bryan , Jakobsen Mette Øllgaard , Villadsen Ebbe , Andersen Lars L.
Published: January 2013

Objective. To examine the relationship between self-efficacy and not wanting help to change health behaviors. Method. All employees in the Danish police department were invited to respond to an electronic questionnaire. All respondents expressing a desire to change health behaviors in relation to smoking ( n = 845), alcohol ( n = 684), eating ( n = 4431), and physical activity ( n = 5179) and who subsequently responded to questions on self-efficacy were included. Results. Both the bivariate and multiple regression analyses showed that all four specific self-efficacy scores were positively related to reporting that one did not want help. Conclusion. A high belief in one’s own ability to change lifestyle behaviors in relation to smoking, alcohol, eating, and physical activity may lead to avoidance of help offers in a workplace setting.
The Roles of Habit, Self-Efficacy, and Satisfaction in Driving Continued Use of Self-Service Technologies
Authors: Wang Cheng , Harris Jennifer , Patterson Paul
Published: January 2013

Recent years have witnessed increased use of self-service technologies (SSTs) across the services sector, which has dramatically changed the nature of the service delivery process. Although an abundance of research has investigated how customers evaluate a new SST and what drives the initial adoption, little is known about how customers interact with, and adapt to, an SST after their first experience. Thus, this study focuses on the dynamic and complex process through which customers move from initial adoption to continued use, after repeated interactions with an SST. A three-wave longitudinal study examines how habit, self-efficacy, and satisfaction affect SST usage over time in a retailing context. The results indicate that as learning occurs and experience accumulates, customers’ continued use of an SST is initially largely rational driven (self-efficacy), then largely emotional driven (satisfaction), and, finally, habitual (habit). Over time, habit completely mediates the impact of intentions on future usage. The article concludes with a discussion of the managerial implications and directions for further research.
Producing children in the 21st century: A critical discourse analysis of the science and techniques of monitoring early child development
Authors: Einboden Rochelle , Rudge Trudy , Varcoe Colleen
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this article is to identify the implications of commonly held ideologies within theories of child development. Despite critiques to doing so, developmental theory assumes that children’s bodies are unitary, natural and material. The recent explosion of neuroscience illustrates the significance of historical, social and cultural contexts to portrayals of brain development, offering the opportunity for a critical departure in thinking. Instead, this neuroscience research has been taken up in ways that align with biomedical traditions and neoliberal values. This article uses a critical discursive approach, supported by Haraway’s ideas of technoscience, to analyse a population-based early child development research initiative. This initiative organises a large-scale surveillance of children’s development, operating from the premise that risks to development are best captured early to optimise children’s potential. The analysis in this article shows an intermingling of health and economic discourses and clarifies how the child is a figure of significant contemporary social and political interests. In a poignant example of technobiopolitics, the collusion between health research, technologies and the state enrols health professionals to participate in the production of children as subjects of social value, figured as human capital, investments in the future, or alternatively, as waste. The analysis shows how practices that participate in what has become a developmental enterprise also participate in the marginalisation of the very children they intend to serve. Hence, there is the need to rethink practices critically and move towards innovative conceptualisations of child development that hold possibilities to resist these figurations.
Drosophila MOF controls Checkpoint protein2 and regulates genomic stability during early embryogenesis
Authors: Pushpavalli Sreerangam NCVL , Sarkar Arpita , Ramaiah M Janaki , Chowdhury Debabani Roy , Bhadra Utpal , Pal-Bhadra Manika
Published: January 2013

Background

In Drosophila embryos, checkpoints maintain genome stability by delaying cell cycle progression that allows time for damage repair or to complete DNA synthesis. Drosophila MOF, a member of MYST histone acetyl transferase is an essential component of male X hyperactivation process. Until recently its involvement in G2/M cell cycle arrest and defects in ionizing radiation induced DNA damage pathways was not well established.

Results

Drosophila MOF is highly expressed during early embryogenesis. In the present study we show that haplo-insufficiency of maternal MOF leads to spontaneous mitotic defects like mitotic asynchrony, mitotic catastrophe and chromatid bridges in the syncytial embryos. Such abnormal nuclei are eliminated and digested in the yolk tissues by nuclear fall out mechanism. MOF negatively regulates Drosophila checkpoint kinase 2 tumor suppressor homologue. In response to DNA damage the checkpoint gene Chk2 (Drosophila mnk) is activated in the mof mutants, there by causing centrosomal inactivation suggesting its role in response to genotoxic stress. A drastic decrease in the fall out nuclei in the syncytial embryos derived from mof

1

/+; mnk

p6

/+ females further confirms the role of DNA damage response gene Chk2 to ensure the removal of abnormal nuclei from the embryonic precursor pool and maintain genome stability. The fact that mof mutants undergo DNA damage has been further elucidated by the increased number of single and double stranded DNA breaks.

Conclusion

mof mutants exhibited genomic instability as evidenced by the occurance of frequent mitotic bridges in anaphase, asynchronous nuclear divisions, disruption of cytoskeleton, inactivation of centrosomes finally leading to DNA damage. Our findings are consistent to what has been reported earlier in mammals that; reduced levels of MOF resulted in increased genomic instability while total loss resulted in lethality. The study can be further extended using Drosophila as model system and carry out the interaction of MOF with the known components of the DNA damage pathway.
Sensorial thought: cinema, perspective and Anthropology
Authors: Gonçalves Marco Antonio
Published: January 2013

The concept of 'sensorial thought' formulated by Eisenstein to explain the logic of film discourse prompted him to engage in a rich dialogue with the Anthropology of his time, in particular with Lévy-Bruhl's formulation of how 'primitive mentality' operates. Eisenstein attempted to draw a parallel between cinematic language and the way in which primitive thought is manifested, arguing that both based on the principle of non-contradiction, on the idea of a simultaneity between 'self' and 'other,' and on metonymization as a way of intensifying sensorial experience. This sensorial thought produces a particular 'perspective,' an engagement between spectator and screen character. By drawing together Cinema and Anthropology, Eisenstein produces a powerful reflection on the concepts of image, alterity, perspective and the senses.
Learning with Computer-Based Multimedia: Gender Effects on Efficiency
Authors: Pöhnl Sabine , Bogner Franz X.
Published: January 2013

Up to now, only a few studies in multimedia learning have focused on gender effects. While research has mostly focused on learning success, the effect of gender on instructional efficiency (IE) has not yet been considered. Consequently, we used a quasi-experimental design to examine possible gender differences in the learning success, mental effort, and IE of college preparatory school students ( N = 218, German 9th graders; 93 young men, 125 young women). We established three groups: a treatment group (computer-based learning unit, CBLU); a control group (textbook-based version, TBLU); and an external control group (no instruction). The subject taught was genetically produced insulin. We applied a pretest-posttest-retention test design. We used the long-term cognitive achievement and the mental effort invested during the retention test phase to examine the IE. Young women and young men differed in IE with a small effect size, with the young women achieving significantly higher long-term learning success. Our results indicate that the applied instructional design of the CBLU seems particularly beneficial for young women's cognitive achievement.
Next Generation Online: Advancing Learning through Dynamic Design, Virtual and Web 2.0 Technologies, and Instructor Attitude
Authors: O'Connor Eileen
Published: January 2013

With the advent of web 2.0 and virtual technologies and new understandings about learning within a global, networked environment, online course design has moved beyond the constraints of text readings, papers, and discussion boards. This next generation of online courses needs to dynamically and actively integrate the wide-ranging distribution of content knowledge: network learners, in new ways, while still addressing their unique qualities, assess the process as well as the products of learning and assimilate the rapidly-emerging technologies that are expanding communication and sharing. The acceleration of change in the communication process is requiring a flexibility in the course development process but also in the attitude of the instructor. Instructors must be open to new conceptions of learning and evidence of learning and must be willing to embrace challenge and uncertainty while establishing ongoing development, evaluation, and research goals. This article provides plentiful examples of ways that growth in online and technology-mediated environments can generate high levels of knowledge, learning, and engagement, and can allow for the open development of new learning resources.
Using an eTextbook and iPad: Results of a Pilot Program
Authors: Sloan Roberta H.
Published: January 2013

An eTextbook and iPad were used in a pilot program, and the impact on the course was assessed to guide the development of a college policy. Students in the course completed three questionnaires to provide feedback about their perceptions of the eTextbook and iPad. During the pilot program, students' perceptions of the usefulness, ease of use, and extent to which they enjoyed using the eTextbook increased. Students reported that the eTextbook made it easier for them to learn, and they preferred the eTextbook to a printed textbook. Students were neutral about the iPad's usefulness, but found it easy and enjoyable to use. Based on the students' feedback, it is recommended that an interactive eTextbook be used; that a course be redesigned to take advantage of eReader technology, especially if a tablet computer (iPad) is used; and that students be allowed to choose between an eTextbook and a printed textbook.
Physico-chemical parameters of Titrigachhi Daha
Authors: Chhetry Damodar Thapa , Pal Joydeb
Published: January 2013

This paper deals with the physico-chemical parameters of the Titrigachhi daha. The maximum air temperature was recorded in rainy season but the water temperature was maximum in summer and lowest in winter season. Transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness were maximum in winter season. Free carbondioxide, chloride and biological oxygen demand were maximum in summer season. The minimum transparency, total alkalinity, total hardness and chloride were recorded in rainy season. Dissolved oxygen and pH, was minimum in summer season. The minimum carbondioxide and BOD were recorded in winter season. Air temperature, water temperature, free carbondioxide, and biological oxygen demand showed positive and significant correlation with each other. Similarly, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, total hardness showed positive and significant correlation with each other. Total alkalinity showed positive and significant correlation with chloride. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7465 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 19-25 (2011)
Factors influencing mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: Bhagat Imdramani
Published: January 2013

Sclerotial blight of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the destructive diseases in tea growing areas of the world. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to know the optimum conditions for the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii. Factors influencing mycelial growth of S. rolfsii were studied with special reference to their growth in different media, variable pH and variable sources of carbon (viz., 6 types) as well as organic (viz., 4 types) and inorganic (viz., 4 types) nitrogen sources. Maximum growth of pathogen occurred after 8 days of inoculation at pH 6. Dextrose was the most effective carbon source and yeast extract (organic source) was found most optimum for growth of S. rolfsii. Organic nitrogen sources were found to be better than inorganic nitrogen sources. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7466 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 26-31 (2011)
A checklist of fishes of eastern Terai of Nepal
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Barma Shishir Kumar , Subba Bharat Raj
Published: January 2013

An attempt has been made to survey the existing fish species of the eastern Terai of Nepal. In three months duration, fifty three fish species belonging to twenty families were recorded. The anthropogenic activities were mostly found responsible for decline of fish species in this region. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7473 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 63-65 (2011)
Indigenous uses of some medicinal plants in Panchthar district, Nepal
Authors: Gautam Tilak Prasad
Published: January 2013

Plants have been used as a source of medicine since ancient times. These medicines are cheaper and safe. According to WHO about 80% of the world’s population depends on traditional medicine for their primary health care. These traditional knowledge systems have started to disappear with the passage of time due to scarcity of written documents and relatively low income in these traditions. The present paper reports 87 species of medicinal plants from Panchthar district. Medicinal values of the plants are based on concepts and consideration of the local people. The further scientific studies need to evaluate the medicinal value of these plants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7479 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 125-130 (2011)
Toxic effects of herbicides on transplanted paddy
Authors: Thapa Chandra Bahadur
Published: January 2013

The effectiveness of two herbicides viz., 2 4-D and butachlor for the control of weeds in transplanted paddy and improving the grain yield was studied. Slight toxic effect of herbicides on paddy plants was noticed at 21 days after transplanting of paddy seedlings. However, it didn’t persist for long and had no overall harmful effect on grain yield. Both the herbicides produced satisfactory control of the weed population and dry matter. This resulted in a significant increase in grain yield over un-weeded control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7483 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 5-9 (2012)
Effect of disturbance on fine root biomass in the Tropical moist forest of eastern Nepal
Authors: Gautam Tilak Prasad , Mandal Tej Narayan
Published: January 2013

Fine root biomass (<5 mm diameter) was estimated in 0-15 cm and 15- 30 cm soil depths of disturbed and undisturbed stands of tropical moist forest in eastern Nepal. The value of root mass was higher (4.28 t ha-1) in the undisturbed stand than the disturbed stand (2.04 t ha-1). The biomass of smaller fine roots (<2 mm diameter) was 1.51 and 3.2 t ha-1 in the disturbed and undisturbed stands respectively. Most of the fine roots were present in the surface soil layer (0-15 cm), in both the disturbed and undisturbed stands (67% in the disturbed and 64% in the undisturbed). The nitrogen stock in the fine roots was more (38.61 kg ha-1) in undisturbed stand than the disturbed stand (16.93 kg ha-1). More nitrogen was confined in the fine roots of <2 mm diameter in both undisturbed (28.8 kg ha-1) and disturbed (13.59 kg ha-1) stands. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7484 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 10-16 (2012)
General properties of water of Baidya fish pond, Tankisinwari, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Ganesh Bahadur , Pal Joydeb
Published: January 2013

In the present study, ranges and correlation among different physicochemical parameters viz., air temperature, water temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, conductivity, dissolved carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness and phosphate were taken into consideration. The water quality of Baidya fish pond was normal except high fluctuation of chloride 1±0.241 to 29.84±0.260 mg/l and ammonia 1.55±0.088 to 18.7±0.061 mg/l during manuaring period and casual addition of wastes like toilet cleaners, caustic potash etc. Outbreak of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) was observed at the periphery of Baidya fish farm during winter months when polluted cold water from Koshi canal was added. The affected fishes developed several lesions around the body and fin rot. Due to sudden fall in dissolve oxygen, less than 4 mg/l during April and May, 2010 mass mortality of fishes Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Hypothalamichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis occurred. When chicken droppings were added in pond, ammonia was raised up to 18.7 mg/l which led to mass mortality of fish (Pangasius) during August. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7490 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 55-63 (2012)
Redescription of Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) from India and Nepal
Authors: Thapa Ram Bahadur
Published: January 2013

Six new species of other stem flies infesting mostly legumes were also discovered under the genus Melanagromyza (stem flies) from Pantnagar, Northern India. These were: M. species new ex stems of Cassia sp. (proposed name M. pathaki new species); M. species new ex stems of Glycine max (Linn.) Merril. (proposed name M. glycini new species); M. species new ex stems of Medicago denticulata willd. (proposed name M. denticulata Willd. new species); M. species new ex stems of Pisum sativum Linn. (proposed name M. pisiphaga new species); M. species new ex stems of Trifolium pratense Linn,. (proposed name M. sehgali new species) and M. species new ex stems of Vicia faba Linn. (proposed name M. vicivora new species). New names have been proposed to them as per International rules of Zoological Nomenclature. Other stem flies redescribed by author include: Ophiomyia centrosematis de Meijere, Opmiormyia phaseoli (Tryon) and Ophiomyia cicerivora. More than one thousand male genitalia slides were prepared for this study. Variations in morphology and genitalia characters have been described between and within the species. Melanagromyza sojae (Zehtner) has been redescribed here. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7491 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 64-70 (2012)
Native fish conservation in Nepal: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Gurung Tek Bahadur
Published: January 2013

Habitat degradation and loss probably has been more responsible for the decline of native fish species. Nepalese fishes are one of main aquatic vertebrates which are yet to be studied for their occurrence, distribution and ecology, especially from western regions of the country. However, before complete understanding on native fishes, threat over their existence have been loomed by climate change, over fishing, pollution, alteration of natural habitats and poor understanding of fish ecology etc. Thus, publicizing the importance and knowledge of fish conservation has been one of the most important challenges. The other challenges are sustainability of quality and quantity of freshwaters which have been impacted. In such circumstance to overcome the problems, adoption of community or cooperative based conservation could be one of the best approaches for freshwaters and fish restoration. Optimistically, a national strategy on conservation of freshwater fish is desirable. Fish conservation has the opportunities to be used for multidimensional purposes. A success of single fish species might contribute substantially on local economy, if that could be used in aquaculture or angling for tourism industry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7492 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 71-79 (2012)
Soil microbial biomass in relation to fine root in Kiteni hill Sal forest of Ilam, eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Krishna Prasad , Mandal Tej Narayan
Published: January 2013

Soil microbial biomass in relation to fine root was studied in Kiteni hill Sal (Shorea robusta) forest of Ilam during summer season. The forest had sandy loam type of soil texture. Organic carbon was higher in 0-15 cm depth (2.09%) than in 15-30 cm depth (1.53%). Total nitrogen of 0- 15 cm depth was 0.173% and in 15-30 cm depth was 0.124%. Soil microbial biomass of carbon of Kiteni hill sal forest was (445.14 ?g g-1) and microbial biomass of nitrogen was (49.07 ?g g-1). Fine root biomass of this forest was 2.34 t ha-1 (<2 mm diameter) and 0.93 t ha-1 (2-5 mm diameter) in 0-15 cm depth and 0.73 t ha-1 (<2 mm diameter) and 0.46 t ha-1 (2-5 mm diameter) in 15-30 cm depth. Organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of upper layer soil were negatively correlated with fine root biomass of forest. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7493 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 80-87 (2012)
Macro-fungi of Karhiya Community Forest, western Terai, Nepal
Authors: Aryal Hari Prasad , Budathokio Usha
Published: January 2013

This is the preliminary report on mycological investigation carried out at Karhiya Community Forest, in Terai region of western Nepal. Phytogeographycally, the area lies within a narrow limit of altitude between 160 and 195 msl in tropical deciduous riverine forest, where major dominant species of macro fungi are Amanita chepangiana, A. caesrea, A. pantherina, Macrolepiota procera, M. rhacodes, Marasamius perforans, M. oreades, Termitomyces clypeatus and T. eurhizeus. The samples collected in the present study represented 26 genera of Basidiomycetes belonging to 18 families and 30 species. The dried specimens are housed in the Nepalese herbaria (TUCH, Kath). The area embraces the mycophagus ethnic communities like Tharu, Magar, Kumal, Majhi, Thakali, Gugung, Girel and Chhantal. The mycoelements prevailing in this area need sustainable utilization and conservation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7495 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 93-97 (2012)
Seed attributes, germination responses and seedling growth of silk cotton tree Bombax ceiba L.
Authors: Niroula Bhabindra , Pokhrel Dillli Ram , Jha Sasinath
Published: January 2013

In vitro Seed germination through different treatments, and seedling growth of Bombax ceiba were studied from April 2009 to January 2010. Fifty seven per cent seed germination at control condition was enhanced up to 63% by continuous tap water washing for 48 h duration. Freshly collected seeds in April did not germinate in May and June. Stem diameter and height of one and 6 months old seedlings were 0.3 cm, 1.2 cm and 1.2 cm, 87.1 cm, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7497 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 109-112 (2012)
Phenology, biomass and associated species of alligator weed at Biratnagar, Nepal
Authors: Niroula Bhabindra
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7502 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 148-150 (2012)
Comparison of populations of Melanagromyza sojae and Liriomyza sativae associated with Mung bean Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek grown in Biratnagar, eastern Nepal
Authors: Thapa Moon
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7504 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 154-155 (2012)
Nanobiosensors Based on Chemically Modified AFM Probes: A Useful Tool for Metsulfuron-Methyl Detection
Authors: Da Silva Aline , Deda Daiana , Da Róz Alessandra , Prado Rogilene , Carvalho Camila , Viviani Vadim , Leite Fabio
Published: January 2013

The use of agrochemicals has increased considerably in recent years, and consequently, there has been increased exposure of ecosystems and human populations to these highly toxic compounds. The study and development of methodologies to detect these substances with greater sensitivity has become extremely relevant. This article describes, for the first time, the use of atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) in the detection of enzyme-inhibiting herbicides. A nanobiosensor based on an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip functionalised with the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme was developed and characterised. The herbicide metsulfuron-methyl, an ALS inhibitor, was successfully detected through the acquisition of force curves using this biosensor. The adhesion force values were considerably higher when the biosensor was used. An increase of ~250% was achieved relative to the adhesion force using an unfunctionalised AFM tip. This considerable increase was the result of a specific interaction between the enzyme and the herbicide, which was primarily responsible for the efficiency of the nanobiosensor. These results indicate that this methodology is promising for the detection of herbicides, pesticides, and other environmental contaminants.
Low-Cost MEMS Sensors and Vision System for Motion and Position Estimation of a Scooter
Authors: Guarnieri Alberto , Pirotti Francesco , Vettore Antonio
Published: January 2013

The possibility to identify with significant accuracy the position of a vehicle in a mapping reference frame for driving directions and best-route analysis is a topic which is attracting a lot of interest from the research and development sector. To reach the objective of accurate vehicle positioning and integrate response events, it is necessary to estimate position, orientation and velocity of the system with high measurement rates. In this work we test a system which uses low-cost sensors, based on Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, coupled with information derived from a video camera placed on a two-wheel motor vehicle (scooter). In comparison to a four-wheel vehicle; the dynamics of a two-wheel vehicle feature a higher level of complexity given that more degrees of freedom must be taken into account. For example a motorcycle can twist sideways; thus generating a roll angle. A slight pitch angle has to be considered as well; since wheel suspensions have a higher degree of motion compared to four-wheel motor vehicles. In this paper we present a method for the accurate reconstruction of the trajectory of a “Vespa” scooter; which can be used as alternative to the “classical” approach based on GPS/INS sensor integration. Position and orientation of the scooter are obtained by integrating MEMS-based orientation sensor data with digital images through a cascade of a Kalman filter and a Bayesian particle filter.
Hyperbranched Polyglycerol is an Efficacious and Biocompatible Novel Osmotic Agent in a Rodent Model of Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Mendelson Asher A. , Guan Qiunong , Chafeeva Irina , da Roza Gerald A. , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. , Du Caigan
Published: January 2013

♦Objectives

To enhance the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis (PD), new biocompatible PD solutions may be needed. The present study was designed to test the efficacy and biocompatibility of hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG)—a nontoxic, nonimmunogenic water-soluble polyether polymer—in PD.

♦Methods

Adult Sprague–Dawley rats were instilled with 30 mL HPG solution (molecular weight 3 kDa; 2.5% – 15%) or control glucose PD solution (2.5% Dianeal: Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA), and intraperitoneal fluid was recovered after 4 hours. Peritoneal injury and cellular infiltration were determined by histologic and flow cytometric analysis. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells were assessed for viability in vitro after 3 hours of PD fluid exposure.

♦Results

The 15% HPG solution achieved a 4-hour dose-related ultrafiltration up to 43.33 ± 5.24 mL and a dose-related urea clearance up to 39.17 ± 5.21 mL, results that were superior to those with control PD solution ( p < 0.05). The dialysate-to-plasma (D/P) ratios of urea with 7.5% and 15% HPG solution were not statistically different from those with control PD solution. Compared with fluid recovered from the control group, fluid recovered from the HPG group contained proportionally fewer neutrophils (3.63% ± 0.87% vs 9.31% ± 2.89%, p < 0.0001). Detachment of mesothelial cells positive for human bone marrow endothelial protein 1 did not increase in the HPG group compared with the stain control ( p = 0.1832), but it was elevated in the control PD solution group (1.62% ± 0.68% vs 0.41% ± 0.31%, p = 0.0031). Peritoneal biopsies from animals in the HPG PD group, compared with those from control PD animals, demonstrated less neutrophilic infiltration and reduced thickness. Human peritoneal mesothelial cell survival after HPG exposure was superior in vitro ( p < 0.0001, 7.5% HPG vs control; p < 0.01, 15% HPG vs control). Exposure to glucose PD solution induced cytoplasmic vacuolation and caspase 3–independent necrotic cell death that was not seen with HPG solution.

♦Conclusions

Our novel HPG PD solution demonstrated effective ultrafiltration and waste removal with reduced peritoneal injury in a rodent model of PD.
Catch of pelagic hauls in Mediterranean acoustic surveys: Is it the same between day and night?
Authors: Machias Athanassios , Pyrounaki Myrto M. , Leonori Iole , Basilone Gualtiero , Iglesias Magdalena , De Felice Andrea , Bonanno Angelo , Giannoulaki Marianna
Published: January 2013

Fish sampling is a critical aspect of acoustic surveys, because it is directly related to the “transformation” of echo into species biomass and subsequently affects the accuracy of acoustic estimates. In the present study, we investigated the differences between day and night sampling in a) the catch composition through certain diversity indices and b) the length frequency distribution of anchovy and sardine using catch data of pelagic hauls collected from four different regions of the European Mediterranean waters. In addition, the possible bias in trawl efficiency due to sampling time and the possible error introduced in acoustic estimates were investigated. No statistically significant differences were found between day and night in any of the parameters examined. The results showed that a more flexible strategy can be adopted to reduce the duration and the cost of acoustic sampling for small pelagic species. The advantages and disadvantages of the two sampling strategies are discussed.
ECHAM5-wiso water vapour isotopologues simulation and its comparison with WS-CRDS measurements and retrievals from GOSAT and ground-based FTIR spectra in the atmosphere of Western Siberia
Authors: Gribanov K. , Jouzel J. , Bastrikov V. , Bonne J.-L. , Breon F.-M. , Butzin M. , Cattani O. , Masson-Delmotte V. , Rokotyan N. , Werner M. , Zakharov V.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Water stable isotopes provide integrated tracers of the atmospheric water cycle, affected by changes in air mass origin, non-convective and convective processes and continental recycling. Novel remote sensing and in situ measuring techniques have recently offered opportunities for monitoring atmospheric water vapour isotopic composition. Recently developed infrared laser spectrometers allow for continuous in situ measurements of surface water vapour δDv and δ18Ov. So far, very few intercomparison of measurements conducted using different techniques have been achieved at a given location, due to difficulties intrinsic to the comparison of integrated with local measurements. Nudged simulations conducted with high resolution isotopically enabled GCMs provide a consistent framework for comparison with the different types of observations. Here, we compare simulations conducted with the ECHAM5-wiso model with three types of water vapour isotopic data obtained during summer 2012 at the forest site of Kourovka, Western Siberia: daily mean GOSAT δDv soundings, hourly ground-based FTIR total atmospheric columnar δDv amounts, and in situ hourly Picarro δDv measurements. There is an excellent correlation between observed and predicted δDv at surface while the comparison between water column values derived from the model compares well with FTIR and GOSAT estimates. This research was supported by the grant of Russian government under the contract 11.G34.31.0064.
Composite Fuzzy Logic Control Approach to a Flexible Joint Manipulator
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Ashraf , Tumari Mohd Zaidi Mohd , Nasir Ahmad Nor Kasruddin
Published: January 2013

The raised complicatedness of the dynamics of a robot manipulator considering joint elasticity makes conventional model-based control strategies complex and hard to synthesize. This paper presents investigations into the development of hybrid intelligent control schemes for the trajectory tracking and vibration control of a flexible joint manipulator. To study the effectiveness of the controllers, a collocated proportional-derivative (PD)-type Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is first developed for the tip angular position control of a flexible joint manipulator. This is then extended to incorporate a non-collocated Fuzzy Logic Controller, a non-collocated proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and an input-shaping scheme for the vibration reduction of the flexible joint system. The positive zero-vibration-derivative-derivative (ZVDD) shaper is designed based on the properties of the system. The implementation results of the response of the flexible joint manipulator with the controllers are presented in time and frequency domains. The performances of the hybrid control schemes are examined in terms of input tracking capability, level of vibration reduction and time response specifications. Finally, a comparative assessment of the control techniques is presented and discussed.
A Fuzzy PID Approach for the Vibration Control of the FSPM
Authors: Shao Zhu-Feng , Tang Xiaoqiang , Wang Li-Ping , You Zheng
Published: January 2013

This paper focuses on the vibration control issue of a Flexibly Supported Parallel Manipulator (FSPM), which consists of a flexible support and a rigid parallel manipulator. The distinct characteristic of an FSPM is the dynamic coupling between the rigid and flexible parts, which challenges the vibration control implemented by the rigid parallel manipulator. The research object is a 40m scale model of the Feed Support System (FSS) for the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) project, which is composed of a cable-driven parallel manipulator, an A-B rotator and a rigid Stewart manipulator, assembled in series. The cable-driven parallel manipulator is sensitive to disturbances and could lead to system vibration with a large terminal error. The rigid Stewart manipulator is designed to carry out the vibration control. Considering the time-variability, nonlinearity and dynamic coupling of an FSPM, a fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is introduced. The fuzzy inference rules established on the terminal error and the error change are used to adjust the PID parameters to achieve better performance. Physical experiments are carried out and the results indicate that the fuzzy PID method can effectively promote the terminal precision and maintain system stability. The control methodology proposed in this paper is quite promising for the vibration control of an FSPM.
A Fast Object Tracking Approach Based on the Motion Vector in a Compressed Domain
Authors: Wang Hui-bin , Shen Jie , Chen Zhe , Shen Jun-lei
Published: January 2013

Particle set sampling and weighting are both at the core of particle filter-based object tracking methods. Aiming to optimally represent the object's motion state, a large amount of particles - in the classical particle method - is a prerequisite. The high-cost calculation of these particles significantly slows down the convergence of the algorithm. To this problem, a prior approach which originated from the process of video compressing and uncompressing is introduced to optimize the phase of particle sampling, making the collected particles centre on and cover the object region in the current image. This advantage dramatically reduces the number of particles required by the regularized particle sampling method, solving the problem of the high computational cost for tracking objects, while the performance of the algorithm is stable.
Intelligent Decision Making Technique for Marketing Using Hypothetical Database and Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Method
Authors: A. Fareed  , Ansar A. Khan  , B. Mahmood  , H. Shamsul
Published: January 2013

Marketing organizations use databases to locate potential customers and to generate sales lead. A number of software systems have been playing a key role in supporting the decision making activities in recent years but common problem in all that they cannot handle fuzzy data appropriately for "what-if" analysis. This paper proposes intelligent scenarios analysis system framework for marketing decision support which deals with crisp and fuzzy data like linguistic variable. Applying new approach "Hypothetical Database" for derived data that permits decision manager to manage views according to the need of organization and/or market environment. View in Hypothetical Database provides versatility in "What-If" analysis by using versions of "What-If" database and reduce data redundancy and data storage in updating. Using Fuzzy database will help to handle imprecise and uncertain information like "Linguistic variable" in a more human oriented process. Finally, the projected scenarios selected by decision manager will be aligned in a hierarchy according to the distance from "Ideal Vector" by using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making method.
Plasmonics: Future Outlook
Authors: Kawata Satoshi
Published: January 2013

Plasma resonance in metals exhibits some unique optical phenomena that occur on the surface of metal with nanostructures. The use of surface plasmons has been proposed in various fields, such as nanometer-resolution near-field optical microscopy, nanoscale optical circuits, single-molecule detection, molecular sensors, cancer treatment, solar cells, lasers, and holography. The study of plasma resonance is called “plasmonics” and is expected as a new field of nanophotonics. In this report, I review the principles and limits of plasmonics and give a future outlook.
Resist Materials and Processes for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography
Authors: Itani Toshiro , Kozawa Takahiro
Published: January 2013

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, the wavelength of which is 13.5 nm, is the most promising exposure source for next-generation semiconductor lithography. The development of EUV lithography has been pursued on a worldwide scale. Over the past decade, the development of EUV lithography has significantly progressed and approached its realization. In this paper, the resist materials and processes among the key technologies of EUV lithography are reviewed. Owing to its intensive development, the resist technology has already closely approached the requirements for the 22 nm node. The focus of the development has shifted to the 16 nm node and beyond. Despite the trade-off relationships among resolution, line edge roughness/line width roughness, and sensitivity, the capability of resist technology will go beyond the 16 nm node.
Fabrication and Surface Modification of Flat Lignocellulosic Carbon Materials
Authors: Funabashi Tsubasa , Sato Masamichi , Kitajima Masao , Shoji Shuichi , Mizuno Jun
Published: January 2013

Flat lignocellulosic carbon materials (FLCMs) with a honeycomb structure were successfully fabricated by carbonizing the softwoodPicea jezoensis(Ezomatsu, Japanese conifer) and the hardwoodCercidiphyllum japonicum(Katsura). Scanning electron microscopy images of the FLCMs showed distinct differences in the tracheid diameter distributions between the FLCMs made from the softwood and hardwood. High-temperature heating decreased the electrical resistivity of the FLCMs. Vacuum ultraviolet irradiation in an oxygen atmosphere (VUV/O3) helped in increasing the surface hydrophilicity and specific surface area of the materials while maintaining their low electrical resistivity. The surface-treated FLCMs were successfully used to fabricate self-supporting electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs).
Toward Online Nanoscale Diffusion Measurements Using Radioactive 8Li Tracer
Authors: Ishiyama Hironobu , Jeong Sun-Chan , Watanabe Yutaka , Hirayama Yoshikazu , Imai Nobuaki , Miyatake Hiroari , Oyaizu Michiharu , Katayama Ichiro , Sataka Masao , Osa Akihiko , Otokawa Yoshinori , Matsuda Makoto , Makii Hiroyuki
Published: January 2013

We have examined the feasibility of a new online nanoscale diffusion measurement method using a radioactive 8Li tracer by computer simulations. We have found that the detection limit of the lithium diffusion coefficient can be improved to a low value of 1×10-12 cm2/s by detecting α particles emitted at a small angle relative to a sample surface that is irradiated with a low-energy 8Li beam of about 8 keV.
Attempt to Suppress S-Shaped Kink in Current–Voltage Characteristics in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Oida Tatsuya , Harafuji Kenji
Published: January 2013

The physical mechanism of S-shaped kink formation in current–voltage characteristics is experimentally investigated in small molecular organic solar cells with the structure of indium–tin oxide (anode)/copper phthalocyanine (donor)/fullerene (acceptor)/bathocuproine (buffer)/Ag (cathode). It is demonstrated that the S-shaped kink is due to the high resistance to the injection current at the organic/electrode interface. A possible method is proposed for suppressing the S-shaped kink by inserting a set of thin Ag and pentacene layers between the anode electrode and the donor organic layer. In this case, a large hole injection current is generated at the Ag/pentacene interface owing to the tunneling effect under illumination, when the positive external bias voltage is applied to the anode.
Single-Layer Blue Electrophosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Small-Molecule Mixed Hosts: Comparison between the Solution and Vacuum Fabrication Processes
Authors: Liu Shun-Wei , Chang Yung-Ting , Lee Chih-Chien , Yuan Chih-Hsien , Liu Li-An , Chen Yu-San , Lin Chun-Feng , Wu Chih-I , Chen Chin-Ti
Published: January 2013

Single-layer and efficient blue phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) utilizing a small molecule host, bis[3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]diphenylsilane (SimCP2), as the host material were investigated. All active components including SimCP2, 1,3-bis[(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]phenylene (OXD-7), and iridium(III) bis[(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C
2] picolinate (FIrpic) were mixed in an organic solution for wet processing in the fabrication of single-layer PHOLEDs. The device's performance significantly exceeds other small-molecule-host, single-layer, blue PHOLEDs fabricated by the solution process. With minimum efficiency roll-off, a maximum current efficiency of 13.6 cd/A, power efficiency of 8 lm/W, external quantum efficiency of 4.71%, and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE
x,y
) coordinates of (0.15,0.36) at 600 cd/m2 have been achieved. In addition, the device performance of the solution-processed single-layer PHOLED is much greater than that of its vacuum-deposited counterparts.
Control of Refractive Index of Fluorinated Polyimide by Proton Beam Irradiation
Authors: Arai Yukitaka , Ohki Yoshimichi , Saito Keisuke , Nishikawa Hiroyuki
Published: January 2013

To clarify the feasibility of controlling the refractive index of a polymer by proton beam irradiation, we irradiated 1.0 MeV protons to a fluorinated polyimide film. Before and after the proton irradiation at a fluence between 1×1014 and 7×1016 cm-2, the film surface was scanned by a profilometer. It was found that the depth of a dent, which increases with fluence, was induced by the irradiation. The refractive index of the ion-irradiated region was calculated using the Lorentz–Lorenz equation, substituting the depth of the dent and the projected range of the protons. When the fluorinated polyimide was irradiated at a fluence of 7×1016 cm-2, the refractive index increased by about 3.3%, which agrees with the increment in refractive index measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The increment in refractive index (0.21%) induced by the irradiation of protons at the fluence of 1×1015 cm-2 is comparable to the value (0.35%) observed when protons were irradiated to SiO2 glass at a similar fluence. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the ion irradiation to a polymer can be a good method for fabricating a high-performance polymer-based optical waveguide.
Novel Silicon-on-Insulator Lateral Power Device with Partial Oxide Pillars in the Drift Region
Authors: Yao JiaFei , Guo Yufeng , Hua Tingting , Huang Shi , Zhang Changchun , Xia Xiaojuan , Sheu Gene
Published: January 2013

In this paper, a novel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) lateral power device with partial oxide pillars in the drift region is proposed and investigated using a three dimensional device simulator. The structure is characterized by the alternate doped silicon pillars and oxide pillars in the drift region, which can be fabricated by the dielectric isolation process without any additional mask. Owing to the modulation of the oxide pillars, a new additional electric field peak is introduced in the middle of the drift region, thus reducing the surface electric field peaks and transferring the breakdown location. Compared with the conventional reduced surface field (RESURF) device, a 21.5% increase in the breakdown voltage and a 50% increase in the figure of merit (FOM) are obtained in the novel device.