bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Reproductive Health: The Role Of Sex Education In Raising Awareness
Authors: Rohmawati Wiwin , Octamelia Mega , Masnila Masnila , Siregar Nurlama
Published: November 2024

The first stage of labor often takes a long time and causes discomfort for the mother, so methods are needed to accelerate it. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of microcontroller-based nipple stimulation in accelerating the labor process by stimulating the release of the hormone oxytocin which increases uterine contractions and accelerates cervical opening. Microcontroller technology is used to ensure the stimulation is done automatically and measured according to the mother's physiological needs. This study involved two groups, namely the group that received stimulation and the control group that did not receive stimulation. The results showed that the stimulated group experienced shorter labor times than the control group and were less likely to require medical interventions such as induction with drugs.  Close monitoring is still required to ensure safety, especially regarding the risk of uterine hyperstimulation that may affect the condition of the mother and fetus. Further research is needed to test the long-term effectiveness and safety of this method before it is widely applied in obstetric practice. Based on the total library, 600 were identified and as many as 100 additional articles were identified. A total of 630 studies failed to meet the inclusion criteria and 70 articles were read in their entirety, so that as many as 11 publications were used as references. Microcontroller-based nipple stimulation offers an innovative solution that can improve the efficiency of labor while providing a better quality of health care.
Legal Protection for Public Housing Loan Customers Under Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection in Housing Transactions
Authors: Mahardika Fazri Editiya , Guntara Deny , Abas Muhamad
Published: November 2024

Public housing credit is a program aimed at addressing the housing backlog in Indonesia, yet its implementation faces various challenges. This research focuses on two main issues: (1) What happens to public housing loans when banks go bankrupt? (2) How can consumer issues be resolved when housing loans default? The study uses a normative judicial method. The findings reveal that while the People's Housing Credit (KPR) helps people acquire homes, significant risks arise if credit institutions go bankrupt or debtors default. In cases of default or bank bankruptcy, debtors must still fulfill their credit obligations. Consumer protection is outlined in the 1999 Consumer Law, which includes exit clauses in credit agreements. The government, through the Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS), can rescue or liquidate banks according to Law No. 24 of 2004. Moreover, drafting fair contracts, offering credit restructuring, and providing insurance options can better protect debtors than asset auctions. Additionally, applying the principle of prudence in credit assessments, as per the Banking Law, is crucial to minimizing default risks. Stricter regulations and robust legal protections are essential for mortgages to effectively help people own homes while ensuring financial and legal stability.
Mental Health Management Strategies in Pregnant Women and The Impact on Infant Health
Authors: Wulansari Meinita , Hapsari Dina Carolina , Ramli Ramlah Milawati , Pakpahan Sulastry
Published: November 2024

The first stage of labor often takes a long time and causes discomfort for the mother, so methods are needed to accelerate it. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of microcontroller-based nipple stimulation in accelerating the labor process by stimulating the release of the hormone oxytocin which increases uterine contractions and accelerates cervical opening. Microcontroller technology is used to ensure the stimulation is done automatically and measured according to the mother's physiological needs. This study involved two groups, namely the group that received stimulation and the control group that did not receive stimulation. There are shortcomings in studies examining the effectiveness of interventions implemented at the organisational level in reducing stigma and improving mental health support. A variety of strategies can be used to address stigma, including proper education, awareness campaigns, and training for managers and employees on the importance of mental health. The development of inclusive policies and the provision of easy and non-discriminatory access to mental health services are essential. Consistent managerial support also plays a key role in creating a supportive work environment. Creating a positive and inclusive organizational culture will help companies improve employee mental health and well-being, while also increasing workforce productivity and retention. Reducing stigma and increasing support can create a healthier work environment, which ultimately supports individual development and the long-term success of the company.
Integrated Radiology and Radiation Protection: The Physics of Optimizing Safety in the Era of 3D and 4D Imaging
Authors: Samsun Samsun , Maryadi Maryadi
Published: November 2024

In the era of ever-evolving medical imaging technology, integrated radiology plays a vital role in improving diagnosis and therapy. The application of 3D and 4D technology in radiology has provided significant advances in terms of diagnostic accuracy and therapy planning. With the ability to produce clearer and more detailed images, doctors can make better decisions in patient care. However, the increasing use of radiation in medical imaging also raises serious concerns about the safety of both patients and medical personnel. This study aims to explore the importance of physics in optimizing radiation protection, as well as the challenges faced in integrating advanced technologies. We use a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to identify best practices and recommendations that can be implemented to improve safety in the use of radiation. Through an analysis of existing literature, this study aims to provide insights into effective strategies in protecting patients from radiation risks without compromising imaging quality. Thus, this study will not only contribute to academic knowledge but will also benefit future clinical practice, ensuring the safety of patients and medical personnel in the era of high technology.
Komunikasi Ko-Kreasional Program Sehat Sejahtera (SESERA) PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja dengan Masyarakat Pulau Kemaro
Authors: Rozalena Agustin , Dyanrini Alde
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the co-creative communication of the Sehat Sejahtera Program (Sesera) and to construct a collaborative model between corporate and community in the context of implementing ecotourism at the Kemaro Island tourist attraction in Palembang City. This study uses qualitative methodologies and a case study design to handle primary data based on interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation as secondary data. The data analysis employs the Miles and Huberman Interactive Model in three steps, beginning with data reduction and structured in a relationship pattern to facilitate interpretation and drawing or verifying results. Research findings show that co-creational communication referring to Co-Creation Theory is implemented through social responsibility strategies focussing on tourist experiences and interactive relationships with the surrounding community. The collaboration carried out is PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang's social and environmental responsibility (TJSL) approach to the Kemaro Island tourist destination.
Transformation Cultural Identity In The Global Era: A Study Of Globalization And Locality
Authors: Merung Arteurt Yoseph , Larisu Zulfiah , Bahriyah Euis Nurul , Ulhaq Muhammad Zia
Published: November 2024

Globalization brings significant changes to local cultural identities through the influence of media, technology, and migration. Global cultures often dominate local cultures, creating challenges for societies that previously had stable cultural identities. This transformation has an impact on the way people interpret their collective identity. Although many studies have addressed the impact of globalization on cultural identity, an in-depth understanding of this transformation process is still limited. This research aims to fill this gap by examining the interaction between global and local cultures and how they form new, more complex identities. Using a qualitative approach with case study methods in Yogyakarta, Bali, and Bandung, this study collects data through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The results show that the transformation of cultural identity is different in each region. In Yogyakarta, local culture remains dominant despite the influence of modern art; in Bali, globalization is seen in tourism that combines local and global cultures; while in Bandung, global pop culture is accepted by the millennial generation without leaving local identity. This research reveals that cultural adaptation creates a dynamic identity, where people choose relevant global elements, enriching cultural expression without losing local values
The Quality Of Family Card Making Services At The Population And Civil Registration Office Of The Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: Setyaguna Achmad Sholih Komara , Mustainah Mustainah , Nasrullah Nasrullah
Published: November 2024

This researcher sought to find out the quality of public service in the Civil Registration and Occupation Service of Central Sulawesi Province. The method used in this study is qualitatively descriptive of the number of informants of 5 people. This study uses data analysis techniques consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawings. The results of the research showed that, the quality of public service in the Department of Occupation and Civil Registration of Central Sulawesi Province is seen from the tangible dimension (physical evidence) has already met quality of service well and provide services to the community comfortably, the dimension Reliability (Reliability) officials have been running on time according to the provisions in force and have standard procedures in performing functions as a service to the society to go with structured, the responsiveness dimension (Responsiveness) that the staff has shown attitude to the public officers will respond well and quickly, the assurance dimension (Assurance) officers in responding to completion in service is on time based on the number of people will be served if little then will be on time, the last dimension is Empathy (Empathy) that staff have shown quality of the service is by providing a sincere service, being friendly, and not discriminatory (discriminatory) so that can provide satisfaction for the community that performs the service.
Pathogenesis, Symptoms and Diagnosis, and Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Adults
Authors: Rosmaini Rosmaini , Setiawati Erdanela
Published: November 2024

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus, characterized by symptoms such as fever, muscle or joint pain, leukopenia, rash, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhagic tendencies. In DHF, there is plasma leakage leading to fluid accumulation in body cavities, and in severe cases, it can progress to Dengue Shock Syndrome, characterized by shock. The illness is mainly spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, presenting a substantial worldwide health issue. The diagnosis of DHF requires the presence of several criteria: fever or recent history of acute fever lasting 2-7 days, often biphasic; at least one hemorrhagic manifestation such as positive tourniquet test, ecchymosis, mucosal bleeding, hematemesis, or thrombocytopenia; and evidence of plasma leakage. Young adults are particularly susceptible to dengue fever due to their frequent outdoor activities. In Padang City, West Sumatra Province, in 2020, the age group most affected by the disease was adults aged 15 to 44 years.
Relationship between healthy diet and prevalence of obesity among adults
Authors: Andriyani Annisa , Sabaruddin Erny Elviany , Andriani Fitri , Raule Jean Henry
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze the relationship between healthy eating and the prevalence of obesity in adults, with reference to various literature studies. Obesity has become a significant global health problem, which is linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, as well as some types of cancer. Further, obesity also contributes to physical and cognitive disabilities in adults, especially among older adults. Although weight loss can reduce these risks, there is concern among healthcare providers about the potential risks that can arise from weight loss, such as loss of muscle mass and bone density. Intentional weight loss has been shown to be effective in improving glycemic control, reducing cardiovascular risk factors, and improving physical function, but it should be done with close supervision. A healthy diet, including a balanced intake of macronutrients, as well as essential micronutrients such as vitamins D and B-12, is essential in reducing the prevalence of obesity and maintaining a healthy body. This study emphasizes the importance of health policies that strengthen access to nutritious food and educational programs that focus on dietary changes and increased physical activity
COMPLETE BOUGUER ANOMALY (SBA)
Authors: Power Sisco Simanjuntak
Published: November 2024

Metoda gaya berat (gravitasi) adalah metode pasif yang menggunakan metoda potensial dengan prinsip anomali yang berada di dekat permukaan, seperti anomali-anomali pengaruh dari benda-benda  luar  angkasa,  bentuk bumi, ketinggian, massa batuan, dan variasi topografi. Salah  satu  hasil  akhir dari metoda gaya berat yaitu menghasilkan anomali bouger lengkap yang nilainya sesuai dengan nilai kontras densitas yang datanya  berupa  variasi medan gravitasi sebagai indikator targetnya. Terdapat perbedaan  antara anomali bouger yang didapatkan dari hasil survey laut atau darat dengan melakukan suatu koreksi pada metode gravitasi. Metode ini melakukan koreksi pengolahan data tersebut menggunakan Microsoft excel, surfer 11, dan oasis montaj 8.3 sebagai perbandingan dari hasil yang didapat.
Analysis of Green Constitutions in Environmental Law Related to Spatial Planning and Balance of IKN Development in Indonesia
Authors: Mardiana  , Saputri Syabila
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes the implementation of the green constitution in environmental law concerning spatial planning and the development of the National Capital (IKN) in Indonesia. The Green Constitution emphasizes environmental protection as a human right, as stated in Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution. The research focuses on the challenges of IKN development in East Kalimantan, including the risks of environmental damage such as deforestation and ecosystem disruption. The Indonesian government is committed to maintaining 80% of the IKN area as green space, but effective implementation requires stricter law enforcement and greater involvement of local communities. The methodology used is a normative juridical approach through the analysis of applicable legal regulations. The results highlight the importance of applying environmentally friendly technologies and ecosystem restoration as efforts to maintain environmental sustainability amidst development. Collaboration between stakeholders, including the government, private sector, and community, is essential to achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental preservation. This study recommends strengthening environmental law enforcement, increasing local community involvement in the development process, and the use of technologies that support sustainable development.
Parenteral lipid nutrition in congenital gastrointestinal malformation operated cases
Authors: Brandibur Timea , Maria Aniko Maria , Boia Marioara , Nisulescu Daniel-Dumitru , Blidisel Alexandru , Kundnani Nilima Rajpal , Popoiu Marius Calin
Published: November 2024

Background: Congenital gastrointestinal malformation (CGIM) cases require immediate surgical correction after birth and proper nutrition to meet energy demands. Among the macronutrients, lipids are considered the major energy source, playing a vital role in parenteral nutrition. However, the time of their initiation remains unclear. We compared the data of CGIM cases where lipids were given from the first post-surgical day to those where parenteral lipids were initiated on the second or third day of surgery and then reevaluated them on the seventh day of parenteral nutrition.Methods: We collected the data of patients who had undergone surgical correction for CGIM and were kept on parenteral nutrition including lipids from day 1 of surgery labeling them as group 1. Group 2 comprised of neonates having lipid parenteral nutrition started from day 2 or 3 of surgery. Both groups were reevaluated on the 7th day of parenteral nutrition. Statistical analysis was performed.Results: Group 1 had higher total bilirubin (TB) statistically significant (p-value=0.0299), as well as lower lipase (p-value=0.0286), and lower total lipids (p-value=0.0365). The values were lower  of triglycerides (p-value=0.0365), and total lipids (p-value=0.0365), on day 1. Comparing both groups, all biochemical parameters were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion: Lipid deficiency and overload should be carefully evaluated, especially in neonates having undergone recent surgical interventions, which increase their nutritional demands. No adverse effects were seen in our study related to parenteral lipid emulsion administration in post-surgical congenital gastrointestinal malformation cases. Early initiation of parenteral lipid regimens can provide better outcomes.Keywords: Congenital gastrointestinal malformations; Intravenous lipid emulsions; Parenteral nutrition; Gestational age; Milk formula
Penerapan Model Kooperatif Tipe NHT Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS Materi Perkembangbiakan Tumbuhan Kelas IV
Authors: Yunita Eka Lestari  , Lusy Tunik Muharlisiani  , Mei Puspita Dewi
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini didasari oleh rendahnya hasil belajar IPAS pada materi perkembangbiakan tumbuhan di kelas IV SD Negeri Dukuh Kupang II/489 Surabaya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penggunaan metode ceramah oleh guru sehingga pembelajaran menjadi berpusat pada guru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT, hasil belajar yang diperoleh setelah penerapan model tersebut, serta kendala yang muncul selama penerapannya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus II, hasil observasi aktivitas siswa meningkat dari 84% menjadi 90%. Nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa meningkat dari 68,57 pada siklus I menjadi 81,25 pada siklus II. Data ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal, persentase siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan meningkat dari 57,14 persen pada siklus I menjadi 85,71 persen pada siklus II. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi pada siklus I dan II berhasil diatasi dengan baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPAS pada materi perkembangbiakan tumbuhan.
Penerapan Pendekatan TaRL Materi Siklus Makhluk Hidup untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kelas 3B
Authors: Nevie Ayu Pramita  , Selviari
Published: November 2024

Rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial (IPAS) pada materi siklus makhluk hidup, merupakan permasalahan yang sering dihadapi. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, penelitian menerapkan pendekatan Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) untuk meningkatkan pencapaian akademik siswa yang diterapkan pada kelas 3B di SDN Dukuh Kupang III Surabaya pada materi siklus makhluk hidup. Metode yang diterapkan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dan mencakup empat tahap: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini melibatkan 28 siswa sebagai subjek, yang terdiri dari 16 siswa laki-laki dan 12 siswa perempuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan acuan standar Kriteria Ketuntasan Tujuan Pembelajaran (KKTP) yang ditetapkan pada skor 75. Ketuntasan belajar meningkat dari 25% pada pra-siklus menjadi 64,3% pada siklus I, dan mencapai 85,7% pada siklus II. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan TaRL terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi siklus makhluk hidup di kelas 3B SDN Dukuh Kupang III Surabaya.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Stigma Towards Mental Health: Basis For Community-Based Program
Authors: Evangelista Angelica Jane
Published: November 2024

On a global scale, mental health is a significant and urgent concern at present. In the Philippines, mental health illness is one of the most common forms of disability that has been reported. Despite the need to address mental health and mental illness in the community, the Philippines faces persistent obstacles such as inadequate funding, a shortage of mental health experts, and underdeveloped community-based mental health services. Thus, this research aims to measure the knowledge, attitude and perceived stigma of the residents of Lucban, Quezon. The data suggests that the respondents possess a high degree of knowledge. Additionally, the participants displayed a generally favorable attitude towards mental illness and an average level of perceived stigma. The results implicate the need to sustain further the positive trend of having a high mental health knowledge and positive attitude towards the mentally ill. On the other hand, there is a need to address the perceived stigma of the respondents further. Thus, the result of the study will be used as a basis for creating a specialized community-based program by also factoring in the demographic characteristics of the respondents.
PRESTACIÓN Y GARANTÍA DE LOS SERVICIOS DE PROXIMIDAD CON UN CARÁCTER SOCIAL EN EL MEDIO RURAL DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN: MEDIDA IMPRESCINDIBLE FRENTE AL RETO DEMOGRÁFICO
Authors: Hortelano Mínguez Luis Alfonso
Published: November 2024

Desde que la cuestión del abandono de los territorios rurales se reintrodujo en la agenda de las políticas públicas nacionales y europeas, se han producido decisiones y normas que parecen caminar hacia un enquistamiento del conflicto entre los intereses de la población que permanece en las áreas olvidadas y los intereses de otras políticas fuertemente ancladas en las estrategias a largo plazo. Normas y decisiones estratégicas que colisionan con territorios y comunidades a las que se impone un decrecimiento o un conjunto normativo que hace imposible el desenvolvimiento de actividades tradicionales y su adaptación a los nuevos tiempos. En este contexto, los ciudadanos de las áreas lejanas (o, en terminología popular en España, «vacías») que observan cómo son otros intereses los que prevalentes frente a sus demandas, se enfrentan conflictivamente con una marea de normas «ajenas», impuestas, vividas como «imposiciones» que necesariamente generan conflicto, justamente cuando parecía que la discriminación positiva en favor de sus condiciones particulares se habría paso en el contexto de la «Estrategia Europea a largo plazo para las áreas rurales». Dar cuenta de estos conflictos, balancear los intereses particulares de los territorios con los grandes objetivos estratégicos y reivindicar la importancia de mantener la senda que aboga por la revitalización de las áreas rurales, es el objetivo de esta obra colectiva en la que el Observatorio de Derecho Rural de la Universidad de Salamanca pone de relieve una vez más su compromiso con la cuestión rural.
EL EMPLEO COMO PALANCA PARA LA SOSTENIBILIDAD EN LOS TERRITORIOS RURALES
Authors: Rodríguez Escanciano Susana
Published: November 2024

Desde que la cuestión del abandono de los territorios rurales se reintrodujo en la agenda de las políticas públicas nacionales y europeas, se han producido decisiones y normas que parecen caminar hacia un enquistamiento del conflicto entre los intereses de la población que permanece en las áreas olvidadas y los intereses de otras políticas fuertemente ancladas en las estrategias a largo plazo. Normas y decisiones estratégicas que colisionan con territorios y comunidades a las que se impone un decrecimiento o un conjunto normativo que hace imposible el desenvolvimiento de actividades tradicionales y su adaptación a los nuevos tiempos. En este contexto, los ciudadanos de las áreas lejanas (o, en terminología popular en España, «vacías») que observan cómo son otros intereses los que prevalentes frente a sus demandas, se enfrentan conflictivamente con una marea de normas «ajenas», impuestas, vividas como «imposiciones» que necesariamente generan conflicto, justamente cuando parecía que la discriminación positiva en favor de sus condiciones particulares se habría paso en el contexto de la «Estrategia Europea a largo plazo para las áreas rurales». Dar cuenta de estos conflictos, balancear los intereses particulares de los territorios con los grandes objetivos estratégicos y reivindicar la importancia de mantener la senda que aboga por la revitalización de las áreas rurales, es el objetivo de esta obra colectiva en la que el Observatorio de Derecho Rural de la Universidad de Salamanca pone de relieve una vez más su compromiso con la cuestión rural.
Herbal medicine use in patients seeking treatment in emergency departments
Authors: Tangnitipong Sunanta , Jiranusornkul Supat , Pipatsamut Piched , Wongrattanakamon Pathomwat
Published: November 2024

To ascertain the extent of toxicological profiles around their medical use, herbal medicine use problems need to be consistently traced for consumer safety. Medical information regarding botanical use in various diseases or disorders, as well as adverse/toxicological effects of the botanicals, was sourced from scientific databases. Patients who request medical care at hospitals may be using at least one formulation of botanicals at the time of the visit, and some of the used medicinal plant products possess the potential to be the cause of toxicity as well as herb–conventional drug interactions. Emergency healthcare providers must be aware of some potential adverse events that may be seen in admitted emergency department patients when the herbal medicine is used alone or concomitantly with conventional medicine. Moreover, emergency healthcare providers must be knowledgeable of herbal medicine practices to ensure that optimal treatments will be selected for these patients.
(RELTEC) PROPOSTA DE ARQUITETURA ECOEFICIENTE AUTOMATIZADA EM TORRE DE RESFRIAMENTO DE CICLO RANKINE Á CARVÃO
Authors: Souza Marcelo de Oliveira e , De Almeida Luis Fernando
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo, mostrar uma metodologia que possibilite o incremento no rendimento térmico de uma central termoelétrica a carvão mineral, reduzindo a pressão na seção de descarga da turbina, e aumentando a pressão no fornecimento de calor na caldeira. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa qualitativa, mediante estudo de caso, realizada em uma das maiores geradoras de energia elétrica no Brasil, Energia Pecém/EDP que gera 720 mW em ciclo térmico Rankine, por meio de duas turbinas a vapor com a capacidade de geração de 365 mW cada. Foi projetado um sistema de controle automatizado para as torres de resfriamento da água do condensador da turbina a vapor, possibilitando o controle também no modo automático, sendo possível ligar e desligar os ventiladores com a variação de velocidade das pás através de inversores de frequência referenciado pela temperatura da água de recirculação. Foi implementado o projeto em um dos ventiladores da torre de resfriamento e levantados os resultados, onde pode-se concluir que houve grandes reduções de custos, tais como no consumo interno de energia elétrica, água e emissão do CO2 para a atmosfera.
Dr Associate Professor
Authors: Mesfin Eyasu
Published: November 2024

Background: Most women do not desire pregnancy immediately after delivery and are highly motivated to accept family planning methods. The post partum intrauterine device is one of the family planning methods that can address this need. According to prior reports intrauterine device use has been very low from the contraceptive method mix.
Objective: To assess barriers to postpartum intra uterine device uptake among mothers who delivered at two public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Method: It is an institution based cross-sectional study.  Simple random sampling method was used to select study participants. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to determine the presence and strength of association between uptake of post partum intrauterine device and independent variables.
Result: In this study the uptake of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device was 11% (95%CI=8.0, 14). The stated barriers for the none uptake of post partum intrauterine device were fear and concern (61.6%), religions value for family planning (16.9%), husband and relative opinion (7%), culture norm (5%) and health provider related factor (5% (17/367)). Parity and mode of delivery were significantly associated post partum intrauterine device uptake. The odds of intrauterine contraceptive device utilization for mothers with previous number of deliveries of ?3 and 1-2 were 35 (AOR=34.8, 95%CI=7.33, 165.4) and 4 (AOR=4.2, 95%CI=1.47, 12.07) times higher than those with no previous delivery. In addition, assisted vaginal delivery had 11 (AOR=11.06, 95%CI=3.26, 37.5) times increased odds of intrauterine contraceptive device uptake than SVD.
Conclusion and recommendations: The uptake of post partum intrauterine device was low (11%). The main barriers identified for the low uptake were fear and concern to myth and misconceptions, religions value for family planning, husband and relative opinion, culture norm and health provider related factors. To identify and address reasons for gaps in knowledge and to clear public misconceptions and fears further large scale studies are recommended.
Key-words: PPIUD, Contraception, post partum, Ethiopia.
Predicting human elephant conflict
Authors: Thouless Chris
Published: November 2024

Reviews the establishment of AfESG's Human-Elephant Conflict Task Force (HETF) and its initial concerns and approaches to the problem. Looks at problems of predicting potential elephant-human conflict in nonagricultural as well as agricultural areas and suggests assessing maps using overlap between elephant range (excludng protected areas) and high densities of human population would be useful.
Tsavo - the legacy
Authors: Spinage Clive
Published: November 2024

This short article acts as review of the Tsavo story from the perspective of historical recall by a wildlife manager who was in the region but not directly involved in the specific area in the early 1970s. Spinage suggests that the management actions taken and not taken at that time continue to shadow wildlife management not just in Kenya but throughout the continent.
Twin elephants born in Addo
Authors: Woodd Anna
Published: November 2024

Founded in 1931 with 11 elephants, Addo's present population now stands, with no immigration, at over 285. (n - 286, February 1999) A record number of births in 1998 totalled 29 calves including the first recorded set of twins, two females. Both survived for almost two months, but the young 18 year old who had had only one calf prior to this was apparently unable to provide sufficient milk for two. The smaller of the two died.
African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG) / Group des Specialistes des Elephants Africians (GSEAf)
Authors: Dublin Holly
Published: November 2024

Reviews the ongoing work and commitments of the AfESG noting in particular: completion of the 'Strategy for the conservation of West African elephants' and the 'Strategy for the management of elephants in Mozambique; the formal approval and development of the operative phases of the monitoring system for the illegal killing of elephants (MIKE) and the Elephant trade information system (ETIS); the ongoing work of the taskforce on human-elephant conflict (HETF), and the forthcoming publication of AED 1998.
The value of captive breeding programmes to field conservation: elephants as an example
Authors: Smith Brandie , Hutchins Michael
Published: November 2024

Even if reintroduction is not the goal of a captive breeding programme, zoos can contribute to wildlife and habitat conservation in a number of ways, including public education, scientific research, development and transfer of relevant technologies, professional training, political action and involvement in field conservation. The AZA Elephant SSP is an example of a programme where captive breeding and exhibition programmes can be of great value to in situ conservation both directly and indirectly. Examples of the value of public education, scientific research into reproductive biology, the testing of relevant technology and the training of veterinarian and biological support staff area discuss. Zoos can and do raise funds for field conservation. The authors end the paper by outlining cooperative ventures and information exchange between AZA and IUCN/SSC.
African Elephant Specialist Group report/Rapport du Groupe des Specialistes des Elephants d'Afrique
Authors: Dublin Holly
Published: November 2024

Reviews AfESG activities, staff recruitment, and programme implementation during the first half of 2001. Remarks on the development of the website which will allow for increased dissemination of information, the development of formal guidelines for the translocation and/or reintroduction of African elephants, and the implementation of MIKE. Notes staff ing development, changes and ongoing workloads as well as meetings and other programme components handled.
Elephants as agents of seed dispersal in Aberdare and Tsavo National Parks, Kenya
Authors: Waithaka John
Published: November 2024

This study used two quite different habitats to illustrate the role of the elephant as an agent of seed dispersal: Aberdare NP, a mountainous forest region in central Kenya, and the Tsavo ecosystem which is largely comprised of arid bushland in south eastern part of the country. 18 plant species (15 herbs, 2 shrubs and 1 tree) belonging to 12 families germinated from elephant dung samples obtained in Tsavo. 36 species (27 herbs, 3 shrubs and 6 trees) belonging to 19 families germinated from samples obtained in the Aberdares. Results of the dung analysis and seed germination trials indicate that many plant species are dispersed by elephants, and for some of these species elephant may be the obligate agents of dispersal. Removing elephants from their natural ranges or restricting their movements using electric fences may result in serious implications with far reaching ecological impacts on species diversity in the long term.
Statut et tendances des effectifs d'éléphants dans les aires protegées de l'Est du Burkina Faso
Authors: Bouché Philippe , Lungren Clark , Ouedraogo Leonard
Published: November 2024

Discusses results of aerial surveys 26 April - 3 May 2000 in Arly NP and vicinity including the Pama Complex and the Singou, Ouamou areas and compares these to other surveys and population reviews undertaken over the past decade. The present estimate of a possibility of almost 2400 (1743 =/- 648 at 95% confidence) is sufficiently close to Barnes' 1999 estimate of about 2000 to be considered accurate. The distribution noted in this survey was similar to that noted by Barnes during the wet season. Between 1982 and 1992 there was a significant amount of poaching in this area, but within the past ten years the situation has improved. It is suggested that 200-300 animals came from Togo between 1990 and 1993. The relatively large and interconnected protected areas in this region bode well for maintainence of the savannah elephant population. Poaching in the region appears to be limited. The surveyed area in southwestern Burkina Faso in the vicinity of Arly NP probably supports the largest savannah elephant population in West Africa.
MIKE implementation in Botswana
Authors: Morule Thato
Published: November 2024

This article, based on a paper given at the Fifth AfESG Meeting at Shaba NR in Kenya, is a critical review of the implementation of the Monitoring of the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) in Botswana. The official MIKE site in Botswana is Chobe NP, but as more activities related to elephants are outside the Park the DWNP has extended MIKE activities to other elephant range areas including Chobe East and West adjacent to the Park, the Okavango area north of the buffalo fence, and the northern Tuli Block. The implemention of MIKE is important as Botswana currently holds Africa's largest elephant population: the present count of 120,000 is growing at 5% per year, most of these animals are in the northern region, but about 800 occur in the Tuli Block in the eastern area along the border with Zimbabwe. Botswana has appointed a MIKE National Coordinator based in Gaborone, and 3 site coordinators based in Kasane, Mathathane and Maun.Training workshops have been conducted for patrol teams. The four forms, namely the carcass report, ground control report, monthly report, and annual report are used with the information being forwarded to the southern African regional coordinator in Namibia. Only the Chobe NP material is being forwarded, information from the other areas will be kept in a database for local/national use. To date 24 carcasses have been reported, 13 resulting from natural causes. 11 elephants were poached from the Maikaelelo FR in April/May 2001. Reviews recommendations the MIKE director made on the implementation of the programme in Botswana, notes 7 problems faced in implementing MIKE, and 5 recommendations to facilitate its implementation.
Community-based methods to reduce crop loss to elephants: experiments in the communal lands of Zimbabwe
Authors: Osborn Ferrel , Parker Guy
Published: November 2024

This study compared an experimental community based strategy for protecting crops with current deterrent methods involved 7 villages in a high elephant population area in Guruve District in northern Zimbabwe. The experimental deterrents included warning systems, barriers and active deterrents and were designed to increase the capacity of the farmers to detect and repel elephants. Presently used methods of deterrence of raiding elephants problematic, traditional deterrents used by rural farmers become ineffective over time 'and interventions by NGOs or wildlife authorities tend to be expensive and unsuitable in remote locations'. Individual experimental methods were more effective at deterring elephants than current traditional methods and the 'integrated strategy' which combined two or more of the deterrent significatnly reduced the total crop damage in the study villages. Results suggest elephants can be deterred from crop raiding using relatively inexpensive materials that are locally available and that local communities can administer: buffer zones, watchtowers, fire, alarms and noise makers ( drums, firecrakers, cow bells) burning chilli pepper and dung bricks, rocks and other thrown objects.
Ecological basis of the new elephant management policy for Kruger National Park and expected outcomes
Authors: Whyte Ian
Published: November 2024

The maintenence of Kruger NP's indigenous biodiversity is the focus of the management policy which has evolved since the 1995 moratorium on culling the resident elephant population was put in place. This 'Managing for maximum biodiversity will be achieved through principles outlined in the 'intermediate disturbance hypothesis' and by inducting elephant populations fluctuations, which is is believed will also play an important role.' To implement the programme Kruger NP was divided into 6 zones which were based on research on elephant clan movements. Two small botanical reserves in which medium elephant densities will be maintained are located in the northern and southern extremes of the Park. The remainder is divided into four larger similar sized areas. Two are low-elephant-impact where elephant densities will be actively reduced through management, and the other two are high-elephant-impact zones where no population control will be conducted. At a point in future when the biodiversity monitoring programmes indicate that acceptable thresholds of change have been reached or exceeded the management option for the low and high elephant impact zones will be reversed. (Whyte, 2001;Whyte, et al., 1998, 1999, 2003)
The ivory industry in Botswana
Authors: Martin Esmond
Published: November 2024

Botswana's ivory manufacturing industry began in 1975 with Botswana Game Industries (BGI) as the first commercial company. A high percentage of the finished ivory products were exported. The trade led to increased elephant poaching especially in the northern part of the country forcing the animals to seek refuge in sanctuaries. The Chobe National Park and Moremi Wildlife Reserve attracted great numbers which have in turn caused large scale vegetation destruction. The effects of elephant predation was a concern to many and led to the commencement of a research project in 1983. In the meantime, all elephant hunting was stopped. The article addresses issues that the Department of Wildlife, National Parks and Tourism should take up to reduce poaching and bring to halt the illegal trade in ivory.
Southern Sudan elephant still suffer
Authors: Merz Gunter
Published: November 2024

Notes the ongoing poaching for ivory in southern Sudan and notes it has increased during the past two years. Suggests that the present range is about 23% of Watson's 1976 assessment, and that unless action is soon taken elephant populations will not last until turn of the century.
Assessment of habitat utilization pattern of rhinos (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Orang National Park, Assam, India
Authors: Sarma Pranjit , Mipun B , Talukdar Bibhab , Singha Hilloljyoti , Basumatary Ajit , Das Arup , Sarkar Ankita , Hazarika B.
Published: November 2024

The greater one-horned rhino is performing well in Orang National Park (NP), Assam, despite threats from poaching, which is regarded as one of the major threats to rhinos elsewhere. Orang NP has about 64 rhinos in an area of about 78.80 km2. Habitat assessment is important to support rhino conservation, especially considering the threats posed by the increasing spread of mimosa, a weed that retards the growth of grasses and destroys the grassland habitat that rhinos prefer. This paper deals with habitat utilization by rhinos in Orang NP, which shows the importance of wet grasslands that are dependent on hydrology and flooding dynamics.
Additional key words: habitat, threats, grassland
Le grand rhinocéros unicorne se porte bien dans le Parc National d’Orang dans l’Assam, malgré les menaces de braconnage, considéré comme l’une des principales menaces qui pèsent sur le rhinocéros ailleurs. Le PN d’Orang a environ 64 rhinocéros sur une superficie d’environ 78,80 km2. L’évaluation de l’habitat est importante pour appuyer la conservation des rhinocéros, surtout compte tenu des menaces posées par la propagation croissante de mimosa, une mauvaise herbe qui retarde la croissance des graminées et détruit l’habitat des herbages préférés par les rhinocéros. Ce document traite l’utilisation de l’habitat par les rhinocéros au PN d’Orang, ce qui montre l’importance des herbages humides qui dépendent de la dynamique de l’hydrologie et des inondations.
Mots clés supplémentaires : habitat, menaces, herbages
Crop damage done by elephants in Malebo Region, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Inogwabini Bila-Isia , Mbende Longwango , Bakanza Albert , Bokika Jean
Published: November 2024

Data on crop damage and crop raiding were collected from Malebo Region to document patterns of human–elephant conflict. Using interviews, field visits and market surveys, we found that raided fields had a mean size of 320 m 2 (75–600 m 2 ), 16.6% of which were intersected by permanent elephant trails leading to permanent water points. The most damaged plant species was manioc (damage index I = 60.1%). The mean number of monthly crop raiding incidents ranged between 0 (March and October) and 3 (July and August). Tree species eaten by elephants represented 23% of all trees surrounding fields. Mean annual financial loss caused by crop raiding in individual fields was USD 400 (USD 97–1,005). We argue that a broad community conservation scheme is essential. It must redraw the agricultural map of the region to account for habitat needs of elephants and other wildlife species to solve the human–elephant conflict. A condition for the success of such a programme is that communities are shown that elephants are part of their natural resources.
Additional key words: human–elephant conflict, key plant species, economic loss, community conservationLes données sur les dégâts et la maraude des cultures ont été recueillies dans la région de Malebo pour documenter des modèles du conflit homme–éléphant. Grâce à des interviews, des visites de terrain et des études de marché, il est apparu que les champs maraudés avaient une taille moyenne de 320 m 2 (75–600 m 2 ): 16,6 % des champs ont été recoupés par des pistes permanentes d’éléphants menant à des points d’eau permanents. L’espèce la plus endommagée était le manioc (I = 60,1 %). Les incidents mensuels de maraude des cultures variaient entre 0 (mars et octobre) et 3 (juillet et août). Les espèces d’arbres consommées par les éléphants représentaient 23% de tous les arbres des champs environnants. La perte financière annuelle causée par la maraude des cultures dans les différents champs était évaluée à 400 USD (97 à 1.005 USD). Nous affirmons qu’un programme plus large de conservation communautaire est essentiel et qu’il doit redessiner la carte agricole de la région pour tenir compte des besoins de l’habitat des éléphants et d’autres espèces sauvages pour résoudre le conflit homme-éléphant. Une condition pour le succès d’un tel programme est qu’on montre aux communautés que les éléphants font partie de leurs ressources naturelles.
Mots clés supplémentaires: conflit homme–éléphant, espèces de plante clés, perte économique, conservation communautaire