bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Dynamic Response of Prestressed Concrete Slab Subjected to Blast Loading
Authors: Bai Chongxi
Published: December 2019

The dynamic response of prestressed concrete slab under blast loading was analyzed based on LS-DYNA. The laws of influence of degree of prestress, combined reinforcement index, weight of explosives, thickness of slab on the dynamic response of prestressed concrete slab under blast loading were discussed, and the failure modes were given. The analysis results showed that the peak displacement at mid-span increased with increasing of degree of prestress and weight of explosives, and reduced with increasing of combined reinforcement index and thickness of slab. All the parameters, the influence of weight of explosives on displacement response of slab was significantly. Rationalization proposals were provided for blast resistant design of prestressed concrete slab.
Barriers to Implement Green Road Freight Transportation: A Case Study from Malaysia
Authors: Alagesan Subohthini , Daud Dazmin
Published: December 2019

Green road freight transportation is at maturity stage in European countries. Many researches have been made. However, South East Asian countries had lack of study that pave way for the knowledge and application of green practices that is very shallow. However, green practices are nowadays being heard in Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. Many initiatives are being taken in slow pace. This study is aimed to identify the barriers to implement green road freight transportation in Malaysia. The primary data is obtained through structured interview with professionals in the logistics industry particularly third-party logistics service providers. The primary data is collected through interviews which were held at the respondent’s office based on their convenience. There were five respondents selected for this study. The interviewees are approached used snowballing technique. A qualitative case study approach was undertaken, and the results yielded that vehicle routing, cost and technology and awareness level are the most significant inhibitors compared to policies and legislations in Malaysia.
Study on instability failure mode and monitoring early warning standard of surrounding rock in fully weathered argillaceous sandstone section of large section tunnel
Authors: Zhao Ming , Li Ke , Yan Guo Hong , Hua KaiCheng
Published: December 2019

Based on the special geological conditions of a tunnel in Qingyuan section of Huizhou-Zhanzhou Expressway, FLAC3d numerical simulation software is used to simulate the rheological properties and instability of surrounding rock in large-section fully weathered sandstone section, and the stability and loss of surrounding rock are analyzed. The deformation of the dome and the face at steady state is analyzed. It is found that: 1) when the surrounding rock is in a stable state, the deformation curve of the dome is smooth. When the surrounding rock of the face is unstable, the front of the face appears ahead. Deformation should be first strengthened on the surrounding rock in front of the face. 2) The arched foot is an important part of the instability of the surrounding rock. In order to prevent the expansion of the collapsed part, the arched part should be reinforced. 3) In order to obtain the limit state of surrounding rock stability, the strength of surrounding rock is reduced, and the strength reduction coefficient corresponding to the displacement sudden point is taken as the safety factor of rock stability around the hole, and the stability safety coefficients of surrounding rock of each construction step are greater than 1.2. 4) The dynamic standard values of deformation control in the whole construction stage are obtained by analyzing the deformation curves of each data monitoring point with time in the corresponding time period of each construction step.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Stress Distribution in Composite Foundation Reinforced by Rigid Pile with Thick Cushion
Authors: Su Chunhui , Cheng Feng , Chen Aijun
Published: December 2019

The method of mathematical simulation was adopted to get the stress distribution of composite foundation with thick cushion, rigid foundation and rigid piles. In this paper, 21 models were calculated and get the stress distribution of the pile and the soil around piles in the models with different pile lengths (9m, 12m,15m, 18m, 21m) and different pile spaces (3d, 4d, 5d, 6d (d is diameter)). The result turns out that the position where the minimum stress of soil around piles appear is 3 meters from the pile tip when the space is less than or equal to 4d, then the stress increases with increasing depth to the maximum at the position where is 3 meters under the pile tip, then the stress starts to decrease with the increasing depth till 0. The law on the change of additional stress of soil is the same as the natural ground without the processing when the space is greater than or equal to 5d. The axial stress of piles first increases with the depth and then decreases, and the position where maximum stress appears is L/3~L/4 under the pile top. The total influence depth of additional load increases and the influence depth under the pile tip of additional load decreases with increasing pile length, it decreases with increasing pile space.
Durability Evaluation and Rational Durability Analysis of Cables for Bridges in China
Authors: Xiaohong Sun
Published: December 2019

The cable bridges have developed in leaps and bounds in China. With the increase of service time, the diseases affecting the durability and safety of structures have also been exposed, and cables for some bridges have to be replaced in advance. Based on the investigation of the bridges which have replaced cables in our country, this paper analyses the durability of the cables for bridges and the rational durability of the common cables system in our country, so as to provide reference for the selection, application and maintenance management of the cables for bridges.
Optimization calculation of well function W (u, r/B) based on BP neural network
Authors: Yuxia Zhang
Published: December 2019

In order to obtain the calculation result of the well function W (u, r/B) in the groundwater more quickly and the obtained result is more accurate than the approximation obtained by the conventional interpolation. Based on the selection of BP neural network structure and the selection of parameters, the corresponding BP neural network model was established to study the well function W (u, r/B). The results show that the partial data of well function are trained by BP neural network, and the prediction result is faster and more accurate than the approximate solution obtained by the equal logarithmic distance trapezoidal segmentation method. It can be seen that using BP neural network to learn and train, the network model obtained is used for solving and calculation, which is a convenient, fast and accurate calculation method.
Research and Application of Transformer-User Identification Technology Based On Fault Diagnosis of Electrical Information Acquisition Equipment
Authors: Zhang Muxin , Kang Liyan , Cao Bing , Shang Ying , Wu Qiutong , Liu Xinran , Zhou Haishan , Liu Wenyu
Published: December 2019

The line loss rate of power supply enterprises is an important economic and technical index, which directly reflects the lean level of marketing professional management of power supply enterprises. At present, the confusion of transformer-user archives in transformer area is still widespread, which is a key issue in line loss management in power supply enterprises. As the downlink communication channel, low-voltage power line carrier can realize cross-station reading, which brings great difficulties to the identification of transformer-user relation. Because the data of calculating the line loss rate of the transformer area depends on the electrical information acquisition system, the running state of the electrical information acquisition equipment is also one of the important factors affecting the line loss rate of the transformer area. This paper will focus on the fault diagnosis technology of electrical information acquisition equipment, and use it to carry out the identification of transformer-user transformers.
Simulation analysis of temperature field of permafrost roadbed
Authors: Li B.
Published: December 2019

The finite element analysis model of roadbed temperature field in permafrost region is established with finite element software platform. By using this model, the temperature field of roadbed is compared and analysed, and the freezing-thawing depth and variation rule of roadbed are studied. The results showed that the actual freezing depth was 1.8m. With the increase of the climate warming temperature, the temperature field in the roadbed changes slowly, and the temperature at different depths increases. Due to the influence of climate warming, the roadbed was in a complete positive temperature state when the maximum freezing depth appeared after 20 years. The result shown that the time of the roadbed appeared in the maximum freezing depth was earlier, the time of the roadbed in the seasonal freezing area became shorter, and the maximum freezing depth decreased.
The Correlation Analysis of TOC and CODCr in Urban Sewage Treatment
Authors: Tian Xi , Zhao Chunling , Ji Xiaona , Feng Tiezhu , Liu Ying , Bian Dejun
Published: December 2019

Total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) are indicators of the degree of organic pollution in water. At present, CODCr is mainly used as an evaluation index in China, and the detection method of CODCr is more complicated and time-consuming than TOC. In this paper, it uses the Micro-Pressure Inner-Loop Bioreactor (MPR) to treat urban sewage, studies the treatment effect of MPR on organic pollutants, and further analyzes the correlation between TOC and CODCr. TOC and CODCr of municipal wastewater and MPR treated effluent were measured by total organic carbon analyzer and dichromate method respectively, and the degree of organic pollution of water samples was analyzed. The results showed that the average removal rates of TOC and CODCr in municipal wastewater were 83.54% and 90.81%, respectively. The theoretical correlation coefficient between TOC and CODCr in experimental raw water was only 0.7322. After MPR treatment, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.9534. For water samples with fixed contaminants and stable contents, TOC can be used to calculate water CODCr by linear fitting relationship.
Absorption of CO2 in DMAEE-DGA-DBU Aqueous Solution
Authors: Huang Xiayu , Fu Kun , FU Dong
Published: December 2019

39 sets of solutions were compounded from 2-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol (DMAEE), 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol (DGA) and 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). There solutions were tested relevant to the stirred reactor, at 303K~323K, 0.1MPa, to establish their absorption performance. An equation was utilized to model the absorption curve and the simulation results agreed well the experiments. The relevance of temperature and composition of solution with absorbed performance were revealed on the basis of comparison and analysis.
Removal of Low Concentration Phosphate in Phosphogypsum Leachate
Authors: Liu Zhixiang , Feng Juan , Min Chendi , Gan Lei , Shi Ying
Published: December 2019

In order to find a method for removing low-concentration phosphate from phosphogypsum leachate, modified quartz sand was used as adsorbent. The effects of adsorbent dosage, phosphate concentration and adsorption time on phosphate removal efficiency were investigated. The results show that the optimum dosage of modified quartz sand was 0.024g/mL. The effluent phosphate concentration was lower than 0.023g/mL, and the phosphate removal efficiency could reach up to 98%.
Research of total phosphorus concentration in Hefei Ring River based on landsat-8 satellite image data
Authors: Ding Kun , Yang Chen , Zhu Chuan-hua , Zhang Yong , Zhang Hui , Zhang Yi , Xu Yang
Published: December 2019

Total phosphorus (TP) in water is an important indicator reflecting water environment and water ecology. If the concentration exceeds the standard, it will directly lead to eutrophication. The daily monitoring of total phosphorus in water bodies has already mentioned the important agenda of environmental protection, while the routine testing has a large workload and heavy tasks. We used satellite remote sensing technology to extract image data and establish a mathematical models, what was used to invert the total phosphorus concentration in water. Taking the Ring River as an example, we selected different time nodes to sample and measure the TP value, and use the landsat-8 image data to establish a semi-empirical regression model. The model structure, the calculation results found that the error with the measured data is within the controllable range. The method is simple in operation, saves resources, manpower and financial resources, and can accurately reflect the actual situation of the water body TP.
Effects of nutrient addition on algae pigments during the early stages of phytoplankton bloom
Authors: Yu Li , Li Weihua , Wang Rong , Yuan Qiang
Published: December 2019

To clarify the effects of nutrient addition on algal growth during the early stages of phytoplankton bloom, an microcosm experiment was conducted in early spring; it included two groups of in situ samples: sediment plus lake water (S+W), representing the nominal “control”, and sediment plus 50% BG11 medium and 50% lake water (S+BW), representing the treatment of nutrient addition. The results demonstrated the recruitment biomass of non-cyanobacteria in the treatment group was about 46.7% of that in the control group, and the recruitment biomass of cyanobacteria in the treatment group was approximately 5 times than that in the control. After recruitment, nutrient addition generated remarkable stimulation of the growth of all algae, especially cyanobacteria. The results suggested that the stimulation by nutrient addition of algal growth after recruitment may be responsible for the occurrence of phytoplankton blooms, and the more pronounced promotion of cyanobacteria than non-cyanobacteria was explainable for the strengthening of the dominance of cyanobacteria during eutrophication.
The determination of reasonable number of soil infiltration test in farmland
Authors: Yang Xu , Yu Jiamin , Wang Yangren , Li Yanjie
Published: December 2019

At the experimental base of Tianjin Agricultural University, the infiltration process of water was measured by double - ring infiltration instrument at six points. Horton，Philip and Kostiakov-lewis (K-l) infiltration models were fitted with the infiltration data measured and the parameters were correspondingly obtained. Six sets of parameters of the corresponding infiltration model were obtained, and six sets of parameters were used for statistical analysis. The reasonable number of points of the corresponding model was obtained. Then, the statistical analysis of the cumulative infiltration amount was used to obtain the variation of the number of reasonable points in the three models with time. The results show that the imitative effect of accumulative infiltration water and time in K-l model is the best, and the curve of reasonable test points determined by K-l model with time is located under the other two models; The reasonable number of points determined by the parameter K in the K-l model is the least and most reasonable. In view of this, the number of reasonable points was determined by using the parameter K in the K-l model.
Preface
Authors: Degenkolb S. , Geltenbort P. , Jenke T. , Jentschel M. , Nesvizhevsky V.V. , Roccia S. , Soldner T. , Zimmer O. , Rebreyend D. , Stutz A.
Published: December 2019

This volume contains the written proceedings of PPNS-2018, the international workshop on “Particle Physics at Neutron Sources” hosted by the LPSC in Grenoble, France from May 24th–26th, 2018.
Dark decay channel analysis (n → χ + e+ e−) with the PERKEO II experiment
Authors: Klopf Michael , Jericha Erwin , Märkisch Bastian , Saul Heiko , Soldner Torsten , Abele Hartmut
Published: December 2019

Discrepancies from beam and bottle type experiments measuring the neutron lifetime are on the 4σ level. In recent publications Fornal and Grinstein proposed that the puzzle could be solved if the neutron would decay on the one percent level via a dark decay mode [1], one possible branch being n → χ + e+e−. With data from the Perkeo II experiment we set limits on the branching fraction and exclude a one percent contribution for 96% of the allowed mass range for the dark matter particle. With this publication, we give a detailed description of the experiment and some selected details of the analysis.
Neutron spin rotation effect at Laue diffraction in a weakly deformed and nonabsorbing crystal with no center of symmetry
Authors: Voronin Vladimir , Fedorov Valery , Semenikhin Sergey , Berdnikov Yaroslav
Published: December 2019

The effect of the neutron spin rotation at Laue diffraction in a weakly deformed noncentrosymmetric and transparent for the neutrons crystal has been theoretically described and experimentally investigated. This effect arises in the deformed crystal because of the curvature of the neutron trajectory in the crystal. A certain type of deformation leads to the escape outside the crystal of one of the two neutron waves excited at Laue diffraction. This two waves propagate in the crystal without a center of symmetry in electric fields with the opposite sign. In this case the spin of the remaining neutron wave will be rotating relative to the original direction due to the interaction of the magnetic moment of the moving neutron with the crystal's intracrystalline electric field. In a perfect undeformed crystal such spin rotation effect is absent. There is only a depolarization of the beam since both waves in opposite electric fields are present with the same amplitudes. A technique for controlled deformation of a perfect single crystal by creating a temperature gradient has been developed. Thus a new possibility to measure the electric fields which act on the neutron in noncentrosymmetric crystals has been realized. There also appeared a way to control these fields in experiments on the study of the neutron fundamental properties.
Measurement of the angular distribution of γ-rays after neutron capture by 139La for a T-violation search
Authors: Okudaira Takuya , Shimizu Hirohiko M. , Kitaguchi Masaaki , Hirota Katsuya , Haddock Christopher C. , Ito Ikuya , Yamamoto Tomoki , Endo Shunsuke , Ishizaki Kohei , Sato Takumi , Takada Shusuke , Koga Jun , Yoshioka Tamaki , Ino Takashi , Asahi Kouichiro , Momose Takamasa , Iwata Takahiro , Oku Takayuki , Sakai Kenji , Kimura Atsushi , Nakao Taro , Hino Masanori , Shima Tatsushi , Yamagata Yutaka
Published: December 2019

Parity violating effects enhanced by up to 106 times compared to proton-proton scattering have been observed in several neutron capture induced compound nuclei. This enhancement is explained as an interference between an s-wave and a p-wave amplitude (s-p mixing). Theory predicts that this mechanism can also enhance T-violating effects. For estimation of this enhancement in a promising candidate nucleus, we measured the angular distribution of γ-rays in the (n,γ) reaction induced in a 139La target. Experiments were performed at J-PARC, using a germanium detector array at an intense neutron beam. Analysis of the observed angular dependence around the 0.74 eV p-wave resonance allowed us to determine the ratio of the partial p-wave neutron width to the total neutron width in the entrance channel of the compound nucleus. We also report our development of a 3He spin filter needed as an epithermal-neutron polarizer for the T-violation search.
New composite material based on heavy concrete reinforced by basalt-boron fiber for radioactive waste management
Authors: Romanenko Iryna , Holiuk Maryna , Kutsyn Pavlo , Kutsyna Iryna , Odynokin Hennadii , Nosovskyi Anatolii , Pastsuk Vitalii , Kiisk Madis , Biland Alex , Chuvashov Yurii , Gulik Volodymyr
Published: December 2019

A new composite material with neutron radiation shielding properties is presented. This fiber reinforced concrete material incorporates basalt-boron fiber, with different concentrations of boron oxide in fiber, and is applicable to nuclear energy and nuclear waste management. The methodology for production of boron oxide (B2O3) infused basalt fiber has been developed. First experimental samples of basalt boron fiber containing 6% of B2O3 and 12% B2O3 have been produced in laboratory conditions. The concrete samples reinforced by two types of basalt-boron fiber with different dosages have been prepared for neutron experiment. The neutron experimental investigations on radiation shielding properties of concrete reinforced by basalt-boron fiber have been performed by means of Pu-Be neutron source. The prepared samples have been tested in the course of several series of tests. It is shown that basalt-boron fibers in concrete improve neutron radiation shielding properties for neutrons with different energies, but it appears to be most effective when it comes to thermal neutrons.
L’imagerie TEP pour une meilleure compréhension de la neurotransmission normale et pathologique
Authors: Zimmer Luc
Published: December 2019

La neuroimagerie des récepteurs cérébraux a commencé au début des années 1980. Aujourd’hui, quelque quarante ans plus tard, l’imagerie par tomographie d’émission de positons (TEP) est toujours un domaine en expansion dans les études précliniques et cliniques cherchant à explorer le cerveau et son fonctionnement normal et pathologique. Outre les améliorations apportées aux caméras TEP et à l’analyse d’images, la disponibilité de radiotraceurs est un facteur déterminant de cette expansion. De nombreux radiotraceurs (ou radiopharmaceutiques, lorsque injectés chez l’Homme) ont été mis au point par des équipes pluridisciplinaires pour visualiser et quantifier un nombre croissant de récepteurs, transporteurs, enzymes et autres cibles moléculaires du cerveau. Le développement de nouveaux radiotraceurs TEP représente un défi passionnant, du fait du grand nombre de cibles et de fonctions neurochimiques qui restent encore à explorer. Dans cet article, nous resituons le contexte de développement des premiers radiotraceurs précliniques et leur passage à l’Homme. Les principales contributions actuelles des radiotraceurs TEP sont décrites en termes d’imagerie du métabolisme neuronal, de quantification des récepteurs et des transporteurs, d’imagerie neurodégénérative et neuroinflammatoire. Les différentes approches d’imagerie fonctionnelle de la neurotransmission sont également abordées. Enfin, les apports de l’imagerie TEP à la recherche et au développement de nouveaux médicaments du cerveau sont décrits.
Übergewicht und Adipositas in der Praxis der Kinder- und Jugendärzte
Authors: Koch Gerhard
Published: December 2019

▪ Übergewicht und Adipositas zählen weltweit zum wichtigsten, vermeidbaren Gesundheitsrisiko.

▪ Sie verursachen eine hohe Zahl chronischer Erkrankungen mit Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität, Verkürzung der Lebensdauer und erheblichen Belastungen der Gesundheitsetats.

▪ Es mangelt an effizienten konventionellen therapeutischen Angeboten.

▪ Als Instrument und Träger dieser Interventionen eignen sich Netzwerke aus Fachleuten und Mitgliedern der Zivilgesellschaft vor Ort im Sinne eines qualifizierten Casemanagements.

▪ Ein behördliches Controlling der Teilnahme an den Vorsorgeuntersuchungen jenseits der Einschulung ist zu fordern.
Netherton-Syndrom
Authors: Müller C. S. L. , Vogt T.
Published: December 2019

Wir präsentieren einen didaktisch sehr wertvollen Kasus des klinischen Vollbildes eines Netherton-Syndroms. Klinisch präsentierte sich ein 9-jähriges Mädchen mit therapierefraktären ekzematösen Hautveränderungen, Trichorrhexis invaginata und dem histologisch nachweisbaren Verlust der Expression von LEKTI in läsionaler Haut. Klinische Befunde werden präsentiert und ein Überblick über die Erkrankung wird gegeben.
Potenzial von Physiotherapie bei ausgeprägten Strukturbefunden
Authors: Kühnemund Josephine , Bocker Barbara , Smolenski Ulrich Christian , Best Norman
Published: December 2019

Die Falldarstellung behandelt den Fall eines stark beeinträchtigten Patienten, der erst im Erwachsenenalter als Flüchtling nach Deutschland kam und bezüglich seiner kongenitalen Strukturerkrankungen behandelt wurde. Die Kasuistik verdeutlicht das Potenzial konservativer Therapieoptionen ergänzend zur chirurgischen Intervention und alleinig bei ausgeschöpften operativen Maßnahmen. Der Patient leidet unter einer ausgeprägten Kyphoskoliose, welche ausgedehnt operativ versorgt wurde. Weiterhin schränkt ihn eine massive Trichterbrust durch die verursachte restriktive Ventilationsstörung massiv in Leistungsfähigkeit und Mobilität ein. Eine operative Korrektur wurde seitens der Chirurgen erst dann als möglich angesehen, wenn eine ausreichende Hilfsmittel freie Gehstrecke erreicht wird. Des Weiteren leidet der Patient unter Hüftdysplasie bds. und infolge der ausgeprägten somatischen Befunde sowie psychischen Belastungsfaktoren unter einem chronischem Schmerzsyndrom. Durch die Kombination verschiedener physiotherapeutischer Maßnahmen, konnten Mobilität, Kraft, Atmung sowie Schmerz deutlich positiv beeinflusst werden, was das Potenzial einer konsequenten konservativen Therapie selbst bei ausgeprägten Strukturbefunden demonstriert..
Funktionskrankheiten – Einführung zu einem Denk- und Handlungskonzept
Authors: Seidel Egbert Johannes , Beyer Lothar
Published: December 2019

Soeben ist im Deutschen Ärzteblatt die S3-Leitlinie 1
2 „Funktionserkrankungen“ erschienen. Diese Leitlinie zeigt deutlich die Mängel der modernen apparativ-orientierten Medizin auf. Was in der Bildgebung oder durch paraklinische Untersuchungsmethoden (z. B. Labor, EKG, EMG, …) nicht nachweisbar ist, muss einer psychosomatischen Diagnostik und Therapie zugeführt werden.
Vernetzte Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Tonk Lisa
Published: December 2019

Gesundheitsförderung auf kommunaler Ebene ist eine besondere Herausforderung, da hier viele verschiedene Organisationen, Ressorts und Professionen an der Gesundheit der Kommune beteiligt werden können. Die Plattform Ernährung und Bewegung e. V. hat 2013 / 14 mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft im Rahmen des Nationalen Aktionsplans IN FORM eine Weiterbildung entwickelt, in der Angestellte aus der Kommunalverwaltung lernen Netzwerke zu gründen, um diesen Herausforderungen innerhalb der Kommune zu begegnen und gemeinsam mit den relevanten Akteuren an Gesundheitsthemen zu arbeiten. In der Weiterbildung „Kommunale Gesundheitsmoderation“ erhalten die Teilnehmenden in fünf Modulen das nötige Handwerkszeug in den Bereichen der Kommunikation und Moderation sowie den theoretischen Input zu Themen der Gesundheitsförderung und qualitätsgesicherter Arbeit vor Ort.
Psychometrische Überprüfung der Kurzversion der Skala
„Transpersonales Vertrauen“ in einer deutschlandweiten repräsentativen
Bevölkerungsstichprobe
Authors: Hampel Nicola Daniela , Brähler Elmar , Zenger Markus , Albani Cornelia , Heuft Gereon
Published: December 2019

Einleitung In dieser Arbeit wird die Entwicklung der deutschen Version der Skala
„Transpersonales Vertrauen“ in der revidierten und gekürzten 6 Item
Version (TPV-6R; 2017) vorgestellt und psychometrisch überprüft.

Material und Methoden Im Rahmen einer deutschlandweiten Repräsentativbefragung
wurde der Fragebogen 2513 Probanden vorgelegt. Insgesamt konnten die Daten von 2464 Probanden
ausgewertet werden. Explorative sowie konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen wurden
durchgeführt, um die Faktorenstruktur im Vergleich zum ursprünglichen
einfaktoriellen Modell von Belschner (2000) sowie der gefundenen 2-faktoriellen Struktur von
Albani et al. (2003) zu überprüfen. Messinvarianz wurde über
Multigruppenvergleiche, die konvergente und diskriminante Validität wurden
über Korrelationen mit anderen Items getestet.

Ergebnisse Nach der Entfernung von 2 Items aufgrund schlechter Skalenkennwerte ergeben
sich gute Item- und Skalenkennwerte sowie eine hervorragende Modellgüte. In der
4-Item-Version konnte die einfaktorielle Struktur der Ursprungsversion von Belschner et al.
(2000) repliziert werden. Die Variablen Geschlecht und Alter weisen metrische Invarianz auf,
nur für die Variable Geschlecht konnte partielle skalare Invarianz hergestellt werden.
Für Bundesland und Konfessionszugehörigkeit zeigte sich weder metrische noch
skalare Invarianz.

Diskussion Aufgrund der Güte der Kennwerte der TPV-4R erscheint es lohnend, die
TPV-4R in zukünftigen Untersuchungen mit anderen validierten vergleichbaren
Instrumenten zur religiösen bzw. spirituellen Einstellung weitergehend zu
untersuchen.

Fazit für die Praxis Mit dieser neuen deutschen Kurzversion TPV-4R liegt ein
ökonomisches, reliables und valides Instrument zur Erfassung spiritueller
Einstellungen vor.
Update Mammakarzinom 2019 Teil 4 – diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderungen neuer personalisierter Therapien für Patientinnen mit frühem Mammakarzinom
Authors: Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Welslau Manfred , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Wöckel Achim , Lux Michael P. , Janni Wolfgang , Ettl Johannes , Lüftner Diana , Belleville Erik , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Overkamp Friedrich , Taran Florin-Andrei , Brucker Sara Y. , Wallwiener Markus , Tesch Hans , Fehm Tanja N. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Müller Volkmar
Published: December 2019

Die Weiterentwicklung der Therapien für Frauen mit einem frühen Mammakarzinom schreitet deutlich langsamer voran als bei Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem Mammakarzinom und ist zudem zeitlich versetzt zu Entwicklungen beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom. Trotzdem konnten in letzter Zeit deutliche Fortschritte verzeichnet werden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die jüngsten Entwicklungen vor dem Hintergrund der neuesten Publikationen und Fachkongresse zusammen. Für hormonrezeptorpositive Patientinnen sind neue Aspekte für die Dauer der Antihormontherapie und in Bezug auf den Nutzen von Multigentests veröffentlicht worden. Bei HER2-positiven Patientinnen werden der Stellenwert einer post-neoadjuvanten Therapie und eine Deeskalation der Therapie diskutiert. Bei Patientinnen mit tripel-negativem Mammakarzinom stellt sich die Frage, ob das Wissen um den biologischen Hintergrund einer Defizienz der homologen Rekombination (HRD) dabei hilft, neue Therapien für diesen Subtyp zu entwickeln. Insbesondere die „Nutzung“ einer BRCA1/2-Mutation oder des biologischen Merkmals HRD als potenzielles Therapiemotiv spielen eine Rolle dabei, den Stellenwert der Platintherapie und einer Therapie mit PARP-Inhibitoren zu spezifizieren.
Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones from 2-Nitrobenzonitriles and Carbonyl Compounds Mediated by Diboronic Acid in Methanol–Water
Authors: Liu Qixing , Sui Yuebo , Zhang Yin , Zhang Kaili , Chen Yongsheng , Zhou Haifeng
Published: December 2019

A copper-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones with diboronic acid as a reductant in an aqueous medium is described. Various 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones were prepared with good functional-group tolerance in good yields under mild conditions from readily available 2-nitrobenzonitriles and various carbonyl compounds.
Regio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Novel Polycyclic Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines Bearing Indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline Moieties by a Three-Component [3+2]-Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Moafi Atiyeh , Jafari Behzad , Vilinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: December 2019

A regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-10b′H-spiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11,1′-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline]-2′,3′-diylbis(phenylmethanone) derivatives containing four contiguous chiral stereocenters was achieved through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isoquinolinium N-ylides in a one-pot three-component reaction. The desired products were obtained in short reaction times and in moderate to high yields (up to 92%) under relatively mild reaction conditions. The structure and relative stereochemistry of the desired product was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
A Prospective Observational Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Plantago Major in Reducing Craving for Tobacco
Authors: Shukla Indu
Published: December 2019

Background and Objectives Tobacco Dependence is a well acknowledged social and health evil. In India, 8–9 lakh persons die every year due to Tobacco related diseases Numerous studies show that tobacco cessation leads to considerable decrease in health risks posed by tobacco use. Therefore there is a need that homoeopathic medicines should be incorporated in the treatment of tobacco cessation, as it is very palatable and will have no such side effect. Moreover, there is not much documented research evidence about the usefulness of homoeopathic system of therapeutics in tobacco cessation. Main objective of the study is to ascertain the effects of Plantago major in modifying craving for Tobacco.

Methods Prospective study was conducted in randomly selected 30 patients attending the outpatient, inpatient of Bakson Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital. Adults of age group 15–60 who showed tobacco dependence were included in the study. In this study cases were reviewed in every 2 weeks. Outcome of study were measured by fagerstrom test score changes.

Result It was noted that out of 30 cases, 27(90%) cases showed change in Tobacco dependence, 3(10%) cases didn’t show any change. To assess this change in tobacco dependence fagerstrom test score of patients before and after treatment were taken into consideration. The statistical analysis was done using the paired t test. Significance was accepted at p value < 0.05 to assess differences before and after taking medicine. Baseline Mean ± SD FTND was 6.93 ± 1.41 which improved to 5.33 ± 1.32 after treatment. A paired student t test showed that the above changes were statistically significant (p < 0.005) which shows a significant reduction in patient’s tobacco dependence. p-Value is < 0.001 which is significant this shows that Plantago major has effect in reducing craving for tobacco.

Conclusion These results confirm the age old observations of homoeopathic stalwarts regarding the use of Plantago Major in reducing craving for tobacco especially in the present scenario when large number of tobacco users were planning or thinking of quitting tobacco use.
Clinical Spectrum of Chronic Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Sub-Himalayas: A Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India
Authors: Lakhanpal Vikas , Sharma Rajesh , Bodh Vishal , Thakur Surinder , Sharma Neetu , Sharma Brij
Published: December 2019

Background Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is fairly a common presentation in gastroenterology and medicine departments, and presents major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to explore the varied clinical spectrum of LGIB in our region.

Methods A total of 138 patients presented with chronic LGIB and were investigated using colonoscopy and relevant investigations.

Results The majority of patients were in the age group of 40 to 59 years, with a mean age of 49.5 years, slight male predominance, and male-to-female ratio of 1.19:1. The most common clinical presentation was hematochezia (97.8%). Overall, 15% patients had more than one comorbidity, and 39.13% patients were anemic, of which 7.24% received blood transfusions. Diagnostic yield of colonoscopy was 92.75%.

Major causes of LGIB were anorectal causes (19.56%), inflammatory bowel disease (19.56%), colorectal carcinoma (17.39%), radiation proctitis (9.42%), infective causes (11.59%), nonspecific colitis (7.24%), and benign growths (5.07%). However, in the elderly (age > 60 years), carcinoma colon, radiation proctitis, and hemorrhoids predominated the clinical picture.

Conclusion Colonoscopy is very useful in the evaluation of patients with LGIB. The predominant causes of LGIB vary according to age as well as geographical location, and mortality of LGIB is negligible as compared with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
“An Odyssey of Third Space Endoscopy”—from Entry into the Tunnel to Entry into the Peritoneal Cavity
Authors: Mandavdhare Harshal S. , Mishra Shubhra , Samanta Jayanta , Shah Jimil , Kochhar Rakesh
Published: December 2019

The last decade has seen the growth of a completely new and exciting entity called the third space endoscopy (TSE) that has brought about a paradigm shift in the way we manage various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The journey started with per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia cardia and within a decade the concept has been exploited to its best potential for disorders including submucosal tumor resection, pyloromyotomy for gastroparesis, complete division of septum without the risk of perforation in diverticular diseases of esophagus, restoration of esophageal lumen in long strictures, restoration of bowel movement in Hirschsprung’s disease, and then taking the concept to the next level of pure NOTES (natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery) by entering the peritoneal cavity and performing fundoplication. This review will discuss the history of TSE with brief discussion about the various applications and what has been achieved till present.
Enhancement of target normal sheath acceleration in laser multi-channel target interaction
Authors: Zou D. B. , Yu D. Y. , Jiang X. R. , Yu M. Y. , Chen Z. Y. , Deng Z. G. , Yu T. P. , Yin Y. , Shao F. Q. , Zhuo H. B. , Zhou C. T. , Ruan S. C.
Published: December 2019

Target-normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) of ions by >100-fs relativistic laser pulses irradiating a multichannel target consisting of a row of parallel long wires and a plane back foil is studied. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the laser light pulls out from the wires a large number of dense hot attosecond electron bunches, which are synergetically accelerated forward by the relativistic ponderomotive force of the laser as well as the longitudinal electric field of a transverse magnetic mode that is excited in the vacuum channels between the wires. These electrons are characterized by a distinct two-temperature energy spectrum, with the temperature of the more energetic electrons close to twice the ponderomotive potential energy. After penetrating through the foil, they induce behind its rear surface a sheath electric field that is both stronger and frontally more extended than that without the channels. As a result, the TNSA ions have much higher maximum energy and the laser-to-ion energy conversion efficiency is also much higher. It is found that a laser of intensity 1.37 × 1020 W/cm2, duration 165 fs, and energy 25.6 J can produce 85 MeV protons and 31 MeV/u carbon ions, at 30% laser-to-ion energy conversion efficiency. The effects of the channel size and laser polarization on the TNSA ions are also investigated.
Correction approach of detector backlighting in radiography
Authors: Al-Falahat Ala’a M. , Kupsch Andreas , Hentschel Manfred P. , Lange Axel , Kardjilov Nikolay , Markötter Henning , Manke Ingo
Published: December 2019

In various kinds of radiography, deficient transmission imaging may occur due to backlighting inside the detector itself arising from light or radiation scattering. The related intensity mismatches barely disturb the high resolution contrast, but its long range nature results in reduced attenuation levels which are often disregarded. Based on X-ray observations and an empirical formalism, a procedure is developed for a first order correction of detector backlighting. A backlighting factor is modeled as a function of the relative detector coverage by the sample projection. Different cases of sample transmission are regarded at different backlight factors and detector coverage. The additional intensity of backlighting may strongly affect the values of materials’ attenuation up to a few 10%. The presented scenario provides a comfortable procedure for corrections of X-ray or neutron transmission imaging data.
The Robin Laplacian—Spectral conjectures, rectangular theorems
Authors: Laugesen Richard S.
Published: December 2019

Shape optimization conjectures for the first two eigenvalues of the Robin Laplacian are developed and supported with new results for rectangular boxes. The square minimizes the first eigenvalue among rectangles under area normalization when the Robin parameter α∈R is scaled by perimeter; the square maximizes the second eigenvalue for a sharp range of α-values; the line segment minimizes the Robin spectral gap under diameter normalization for each α∈R; and the square maximizes the spectral ratio among rectangles when α > 0. Furthermore, the spectral gap of each fixed rectangle is an increasing function of α; the second eigenvalue is concave, and, except in the Neumann case, the shape of the rectangle can be heard from just its first two frequencies.
40 GHz-rate all-optical cross-modulation of core-guided near infrared light in single mode fiber by surface plasmons on gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Liu Fu , Albert Jacques
Published: December 2019

All-optical control of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) can switch light with high speed and a large signal to noise ratio. We demonstrate 25 ps-time scale switching of continuous wave light by pump pulses copropagating in the same single mode fiber at different wavelengths near 1550 nm. The switching is due to hot carriers from the SPPs in a 45 nm-thin gold coating on the fiber cladding. The SPPs are generated by pump pulses coupled from the core to cladding modes by a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG). Hot carriers modify the complex permittivity of the metal coating on a time scale of the order of picoseconds and hence the cladding mode resonance wavelengths of the TFBG. A probe light signal copropagating in the same fiber can therefore be modulated by the transmission resonance shifts. With 25 ps pulses at 1540.4 nm and 1 MHz and 50 mW average power, the modulation depth of a CW probe at 1543.4 nm copropagating in the core reached 4.5% ± 1% with a pulse width broadened to 56 ps. Under these conditions, the pump power density was 0.147 GW/cm2 in the metal layer, for a conversion efficiency as high as 30% ± 7% per GW/cm2. Since many other plasmonic and nonlinear active materials can be deposited on fiber claddings, we believe that this very simple all-fiber configuration to perform all-optical switching of core-guided light in single mode fibers by plasmon-modulated resonances has strong potential applications in studies of light-matter interactions over fast and ultrafast time scales.
Possible experimental realization of a basic Z2 topological semimetal in GaGeTe
Authors: Haubold Erik , Fedorov Alexander , Pielnhofer Florian , Rusinov Igor P. , Menshchikova Tatiana V. , Duppel Viola , Friedrich Daniel , Weihrich Richard , Pfitzner Arno , Zeugner Alexander , Isaeva Anna , Thirupathaiah Setti , Kushnirenko Yevhen , Rienks Emile , Kim Timur , Chulkov Evgueni V. , Büchner Bernd , Borisenko Sergey
Published: December 2019

We report experimental and theoretical evidence that GaGeTe is a basic Z2 topological semimetal with three types of charge carriers: bulk-originated electrons and holes as well as surface state electrons. This electronic situation is qualitatively similar to the classic 3D topological insulator Bi2Se3, but important differences account for an unprecedented transport scenario in GaGeTe. High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with advanced band structure calculations show a small indirect energy gap caused by a peculiar band inversion at the T-point of the Brillouin zone in GaGeTe. An energy overlap of the valence and conduction bands brings both electron and holelike carriers to the Fermi level, while the momentum gap between the corresponding dispersions remains finite. We argue that peculiarities of the electronic spectrum of GaGeTe have a fundamental importance for the physics of topological matter and may boost the material’s application potential.
Bayesian framework for simulation of dynamical systems from multidimensional data using recurrent neural network
Authors: Seleznev Aleksei , Mukhin Dmitry , Gavrilov Andrey , Loskutov Evgeny , Feigin Alexander
Published: December 2019

We suggest a new method for building data-driven dynamical models from observed multidimensional time series. The method is based on a recurrent neural network with specific structure, which allows for the joint reconstruction of both a low-dimensional embedding for dynamical components in the data and an evolution operator. The key link of the method is a Bayesian optimization of both model structure and the hypothesis about the data generating law, which is needed for constructing the cost function for model learning. First, the performance of the method is successfully tested in the situation when a signal from a low-dimensional dynamical system is hidden in noisy multidimensional observations. Second, the method is used for building the data-driven model of the low frequency variability (LFV) in the quasigeostrophic model of the Earth’s midlatitude atmosphere—a high-dimensional chaotic system. It is demonstrated that the key regimes of the atmospheric LFV are reproduced correctly in data simulations by means of the obtained model.
Near-ultraviolet photodetector based on hexagonal TmFeO3 ferroelectric semiconductor thin film with photovoltaic and pyroelectric effects
Authors: Jin Lichuan , He Yujie , Zhang Dainan , Zhang Huaiwu , Wei Miaoqing , Zhong Zhiyong
Published: December 2019

The switchable ferroelectric photovoltaic (FPV) effect facilitates application of multifunctional photoelectric devices. The drawback of the FPV effect is that it generates a very low photocurrent in highly insulated ferroelectric materials. In contrast, the light-induced pyroelectric effect enhances photoelectric performance. Both effects strongly depend on the ferroelectric polarization of the material. In this study, we fabricated and characterized a near-ultraviolet photodetector consisting of a Pt/hexagonal TmFeO3/Pt heterojunction. The switchable FPV and light-induced pyroelectric effects are both observed in a hexagonal TmFeO3 ferroelectric semiconductor film. An additional potential arises from the light-induced pyroelectric effect, which strongly depends on the light intensity. The Schottky barrier height can be modulated by both the poling electric field and light-induced pyroelectric potential. Increasing the power density above the threshold leads to switchable polarization via the light-induced pyroelectric potential. The coexistence of photovoltaic and pyroelectric effects in the hexagonal TmFeO3 ferroelectric semiconductor makes it possible to develop electronic, thermal, and optical sensors as well as energy conversion devices.
Investigation of fluctuating characteristics of wall shear stress in supersonic flow
Authors: Tian Ye , Han Yiyu , Yang Shunhua , Zhong Fuyu , Le Jialing
Published: December 2019

The characteristics of the flow structure and wall shear stress (WSS) in a hydrogen-fueled scramjet were investigated. A microelectromechanical system-based sensor was used for measuring the WSS. The flow structure was found to be stable in both nonreacting and reacting flows. The expansion waves near the cavity step that occurred in a nonreacting flow were transformed to oblique shock waves owing to hydrogen combustion, and the cavity shear layer was lifted into the core flow. The flame was in the cavity shear layer and the wall boundary layer near the top wall. The time-averaged value (TAV) of the WSS in the isolator was about 825.6 Pa, and the flow was turbulent. The intensity of WSS fluctuations was about 21.5%, and the probability density function of the WSS was negatively skewed in a nonreacting flow. The TAV of the WSS decreased from 370 Pa to 269.5 Pa in the combustor after combustion occurred. This was because the velocity gradient was decreased in the combustion flow. The intensity of WSS fluctuations was increased by the hydrogen combustion.