bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Open Label, Randomized, Multicenter Study of Elafibranor in Children With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Goyal Nidhi P. , Mencin Ali , Newton Kimberly P. , Durelle Janis , Carrier Carissa , Ugalde-Nicalo Patricia , Noel Benoit , Mouton Julie , Vargas Dawn , Magrez David , Tadde Bachirou , Birman Pascal , Best Brookie M. , Addy Carol , Schwimmer Jeffrey B.
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease in children. Elafibranor, a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/δ agonist, has been proposed as a treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aims were to (1) describe pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of oral elafibranor at 2 doses (80 and 120 mg) in children 8–17 years and (2) assess changes in aminotransferases.

Methods:

Children with NASH were randomized to open-label elafibranor 80 mg or 120 mg daily for 12 weeks. The intent-to-treat analysis included all participants who received at least 1 dose. Standard descriptive statistics and PK analyses were performed.

Results:

Ten males [mean 15.1 years, standard deviation (SD) 2.2] with NASH were randomized to 80 mg (n = 5) or 120 mg (n = 5). Baseline mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 82 U/L (SD 13) and 87 U/L (SD 20) for 80 mg and 120 mg groups, respectively. Elafibranor was rapidly absorbed and well tolerated. Elafibranor plasma exposure increased between the 80 mg and 120 mg dose with a 1.9- and 1.3-fold increase in median C
max and AUC0–24, respectively. End of treatment mean ALT was 52 U/L (SD 20) for the 120 mg group, with a relative mean ALT change from baseline of −37.4% (SD 23.8%) at 12 weeks.

Conclusions:

Once daily dosing of elafibranor was well tolerated in children with NASH. There was a 37.4% relative reduction from mean baseline ALT in the 120 mg group. Decreasing ALT may be associated with improvement in liver histology, thus could be considered a surrogate for histology in early phase trials. These results may support further exploration of elafibranor in children with NASH.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Infants With GERD-Like Symptoms: A New Paradigm
Authors: Fishbein Mark H. , Kronberg Jessica , Alvarado Stephanie , Bohm Diana , Ideran Patricia , Scarborough Donna R.
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

Infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-like symptoms have been classically defined as having a wide array of symptoms. In these instances, anti-reflux medications are ineffective and overprescribed. Rather these symptoms are more attributable to dysphagia and unsettledness/colic. To address these conditions at our center, both speech language pathologist (SLP) and/or occupational therapist (OT) have contributed to evaluation. We hypothesized that dysphagia and unsettledness/colic are highly prevalent, yet under recognized in this population.

Methods:

Full-term infants with typical development and under 6 months of age (N = 174) were included. Infants with suspected dysphagia and/or evident colic/unsettledness were evaluated by SLP and OT, respectively.

Results:

GERD-like symptoms were present in 109 infants with attributes of dysphagia in n = 46, unsettledness/colic in n = 37, and combined in n = 26.

Conclusion:

A multidisciplinary approach, including SLP and OT, is recommended for the evaluation of infants with GERD-like symptoms.
Is mirror therapy associated with progressive muscle relaxation more effective than mirror therapy alone in reducing phantom limb pain in patients with lower limb amputation?
Authors: Brunelli Stefano , D’Auria Lucia , Stefani Andrea , Giglioni Filippo , Mariani Giorgio , Ciccarello Marcello , Benedetti Maria Grazia
Published: April 2023

Mirror therapy is a widely used treatment for phantom limb pain (PLP) relief in patients with limb loss. Less common is progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), used mostly in other medical conditions (psychological, terminal cancer pain, etc). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a mirror therapy preceded by PMR intervention compared to mirror therapy preceded by unguided generic relaxation-mirror therapy in patients with lower limb amputation suffering from PLP. This pilot study was a single-blind, controlled, randomized trial. Thirty lower limb amputees suffering from PLP were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups respectively undergoing a PMR-mirror therapy rehabilitative intervention, generic relaxation-mirror therapy, and conventional physiotherapy (ConvPT). Selected items from Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) were used to test the pain features at the beginning and 1 week after 3 weeks of intervention.

A decrease of about 65% was found in the rate and duration of PLP at the PEQ in PMR-mirror therapy with respect to generic relaxation-mirror therapy (about 30%) and ConvPT (about 6%). A decrease of about 90% in intensity (worst and average) of PLP in PMR-mirror therapy when compared to generic relaxation-mirror therapy (about 45%) and ConvPT (about 20%) was found at the BPI.

We preliminary concluded, albeit with limitations due to the small sample of patients, that mirror therapy can improve PLP when associated with PMR. Further studies are required to confirm that PMR could be an effective technique for more successful PLP management.
Isolated pericardial hydatid cyst: a case report
Authors: Tlohi Imane , Karim Fatiha , Rhaichi Hind , Elamraoui Asmaa , Habbal Rachida
Published: April 2023

Introduction and importance:

Hydatid cysts are most commonly found in the liver and lungs but rarely in the heart. Most heart hydatid cysts are located in the left ventricle and the interventricular septum. Few cases of isolated pericardial hydatid cysts have been reported in the literature. Cardiac involvement can have serious consequences and can be fatal if the cyst perforates. Methods for diagnosing cardiac hydatid cysts include serological tests and noninvasive imaging tests such as transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imagery.

Case presentation:

Here we report a rare case of an isolated pericardial hydatid cyst in a young woman who complained of sternal chest pain, palpitations, and shortness of breath. The diagnosis of pericardial hydatic cyst in our case was confirmed by serologic tests for hydatidosis and the results of echocardiography and tomography. No other localizations were found after realizing a body scan. The patient was started on oral albendazole and then was referred to surgery for the resection of the cardiac mass.

Conclusion:

Cardiac hydatid cyst represents a rare disease, frequently associated with fatal complications, which makes its early diagnosis and treatment an urgent priority.
Management of floating arm: a case report
Authors: Biglari Farsad , Zameni Nadia , Sabaghzadeh Amir , Tadayon Niki , Kafiabadi Meisam J.
Published: April 2023

Introduction and importance:

The floating arm is a rare fracture, and so far there have been few cases reported. The treatment of this type of fracture is challenging and depends on several factors including age, underlying conditions, daily level of activity, fracture pattern, surgeon’s experience, and availability of devices.

Case presentation:

This study report a 59-year-old man with a rare humeral fracture and a severe crush injury of the forearm. There is a paucity of evidence regarding the management of concomitant floating arm and soft tissue injuries in the literature.

The patient was managed by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) followed by a split-thickness skin graft.

Clinical discussion:

The concurrent presence of the two pathologies exacerbated the patient’s condition and made the management challenging. In this case, the authors have used the MIPO approach to fix both fractures with minimal soft tissue injury. To manage the prominent soft tissue injury, we applied the VAC device. VAC has the advantages of reducing edema, controlling bacterial growth, and promoting granulation tissue formation, leading to faster cellular turnover and healing.

Conclusions:

In patients with floating arm, especially with concomitant soft tissue damage, the MIPO approach is a safe, minimally invasive, and quick method with minimal bleeding.
Effects of floods on the mental health of Pakistanis: a commentary
Authors: Yousuf Juvairia , Mehmood Hassan , Aquil Sakina , Rija Aiman , Syyeda Rahmat Zainab , Malikzai Abdullah
Published: April 2023

Over the years, worsening climate change has led to multiple spells of heavy rain and floods in Pakistan, with the 2022 floods ranked as the deadliest in world history. To top it off, decades of political instability, mental health stigma, and lack of psychological support have tipped the after-effects over the edge. These floods have taken a toll on more than 13 000 people, with inaccessibility to vital necessities leading to further deaths every week. Local and international support is imminent for better handling of the crisis and reducing the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorders and other mental health-related issues.
A reflection on the Marburg virus outbreak in Tanzania: the importance of preparedness and prevention in public health – a correspondence
Authors: Aderinto Nicholas
Published: April 2023

The recent Marburg virus outbreak in Tanzania has raised concerns about the need for effective public health measures to control the spread of infectious diseases. This correspondence reflects the outbreak, with a focus on the importance of preparedness and prevention in public health. The situation in Tanzania is discussed, including the number of reported cases and deaths, the transmission of the virus, and the effectiveness of screening and isolation centers in affected areas. Preparedness and prevention strategies in public health are examined, including the need for improved education and awareness campaigns, the importance of increasing resources for healthcare and disease control, and the role of timely response in preventing further spread. The global response to infectious disease outbreaks is also discussed, highlighting the significance of international cooperation in safeguarding public health. The outbreak of the Marburg virus in Tanzania serves as a reminder of the critical importance of preparedness and prevention in public health. Collaborative efforts are essential to control the spread of infectious diseases, and the global community must continue to work together to identify and respond to outbreaks.
Quality of life of breast cancer survivors: a comparison of breast conserving surgery versus total mastectomy with and without immediate reconstruction: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Vohra Lubna M. , Javed Saad Malik , Jabeen Dua , Abidi Syeda Sakina , Tahseen Muhammad Umair
Published: April 2023

Background:

Quality of life after breast cancer surgery is frequently ignored during and after treatment in many cancer survivors. To enhance this aspect of patient’s life should be the primary goal of every cancer treatment. Therefore, the present study aimed to highlight the quality of life and patients’ satisfaction with their breast cosmesis following breast conserving surgery (BCS), total mastectomy with and without reconstruction.

Material and methods:

Data were collected prospectively from cancer patients who had undergone breast surgery at our institution from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021. The validated Breast-Q questionnaires were utilized for conducting patient interviews and mean scores between three cohorts were compared using one-way ANOVA test / Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:

Overall, 210 patients were recruited in which 70 patients (33.3%) had undergone BCS, 71 patients (33.8%) had total mastectomy only and 69 (32.9%) patients had total mastectomy with reconstruction. Physical well-being scores were consistent between the three groups while patients operated with total mastectomy with reconstructive surgery scored higher in sexual and psychosocial health measures as compared to patients of total mastectomy. However, BCS patients were the most satisfied with their cosmetic outcome following patients of total mastectomy with reconstruction and without reconstruction.

Conclusion:

Reconstruction postmastectomy has a positive impact on sexual and psychosocial well-being of survivors; however, those who had breast conservation were more satisfied with cosmetic outcome post-surgery as compared with mastectomy with or without reconstruction.
Investigating the correlation between hip abductor muscle strength and width in anteroposterior pelvic radiographs in hip revision candidates following previous total hip arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shafiei Seyyed Hossein , Nourbakhsh Amir Salar , Siavashi Babak , Soleimani Mohammad , Talebian Parham
Published: April 2023

Background:

The changes in strength of hip abductor muscles after total hip arthroplasty may depend on its anatomical parameters. In the present study the correlation between the strength of the hip abductor muscles before hip revision surgery and the diameter of the abductor muscles in the pelvic anterior posterior X-ray was investigated.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included the patients underwent hip arthroplasty and were candidates for revision surgery. The diameter of the hip abductor muscles on the affected and unaffected sides were calculated based on plain radiography. Patients were also clinically examined and their abductor muscle strength on both sides were determined based on Medical Research Council Manual Muscle Testing scale.

Results:

A total of 51 patients were included in the study and after exiting 20 patients; finally 31 patients’ data were analyzed. Based on results there was a significant correlation between the ratios of muscle strength and muscle diameter in affected side to unaffected side (r=0.517, P=0.003). As indicated in Table 3, such significant association was revealed in men (r=0.719, P=0.001), but not in women (r=-0.092, P=0.754). Also, this relationship was found to be significant in patients older than 60 years (r=0.529, P=0.011), not in the younger.

Conclusion:

In patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty revision surgery, there is a strong association between the ratio of strength and diameter of the abductor muscles in the affected side to the unaffected side especially in men and older ages.
Twenty-year experience in liver surgery in metastatic colorectal patients: a case series study in Ukraine
Authors: Burlaka Anton , Ryzhov Anton , Ostapenko Yurii , Bankovska Natalia , Kopchak Kostiantyn , Zvirych Vitalii , Golovko Tetiana , Shypko Andriy , Lukashenko Andrii
Published: April 2023

Background:

For the last three decades, the world surgical community successfully adopted different surgical strategies for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with liver metastases (LM), however, we are still seeing the evolution of treatment guidelines. The purpose of the study was to analyze a 20-year evolution of CRC patients with LM being treated in a specialized state Ukrainian oncological center.

Materials and methods:

The retrospective analysis of 1118 CRC patient cases using prospectively collected patient data from the National Cancer Institute registry. The time ranges between 2000–2010 and 2011–2022 and the LM manifestation – metachronous (M0)/synchronous (M1) were the two main grouping criteria.

Results:

The overall survival 5-year survival of patients who had surgery between 2000–2011 and 2012–2022 was 51.3 and 58.2% (P=0.61) for the M0 cohort and 22.6 and 34.7% at M1 (P=0.002), respectively. The results of the multivariate analysis in 1118 cases revealed that liver re-resection and regional lymph node dissection ≥D2 were associated with better overall survival [hazard ratio (95% CI)=0.76 (0.58–0.99) P=0.04] in the M0 cohort and receiving at least 15 courses of chemotherapy had better recurrence-free survival rates [hazard ratio (95% CI)=0.97 (0.95–0.99), P=0.03] for both M0 and M1.

Conclusions:

It was shown the improvement of the oncological prognosis for CRC patients with synchronous LM who were treated after 2012. The adaptation of world experience algorithms and the surgical strategy evolution have become the root cause of the above.
Effect of intravenous tramadol versus pethidine on postspinal shivering control among mothers during cesarean section at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Mamo Mebratu , Zema Zewde , Abera Wogayehu , Tila Mebratu , Darma Bahiru , Suileman Mohammed , Gurmu Mesfin , Ayele Mitiku , Demeke Tsegaye , Sintayhu Ashagire , Dendir Getahun
Published: April 2023

Background:

Postspinal anesthesia shivering is a common complication during spinal anesthesia. It is very unpleasant and physiologically stressful for patients and challenging for healthcare providers. Shivering could be treated with tramadol or pethidine. However, the comparative effectiveness of one drug over the other drug has not been proven with a low-drug setup.

Objective:

To compare the effect of intravenous tramadol versus pethidine on postspinal shivering control among obstetric mothers who underwent cesarean section.

Methods and materials:

A prospective cohort study design was conducted on 180 ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) I and II obstetric mothers. A systematic random sampling method was employed. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and exported into SPSS version 25 for analysis. The independent sample t test was used to compare the difference of means between groups for normally distributed data, and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed data. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Data were presented by mean±standard deviation for normally distributed data and median and interquartile range for non-normally distributed data. Categorical data were presented as numbers and frequencies. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

One hundred eighty participants were used for analysis. The mean time of shivering disappearance was 5.5±1.75 min and 6.6±2.08 min in tramadol and pethidine groups, respectively (P<0.001). The hemodynamic changes were all comparable between the two groups. The difference in the recurrence of shivering after treatment was significant between the groups (P<0.001). Sedation was higher in the pethidine group, 9 (10%), than in the tramadol group, 2 (2.2%). Nausea and vomiting were found to be higher in the tramadol group, 10 (11.1%), than in the pethidine group, 5 (5.6%).

Conclusions:

Tramadol controlled shivering early, and recurrence of shivering and incidence of sedation were also low in the tramadol group. Therefore, tramadol is as effective as pethidine for the treatment of postspinal shivering in obstetric mothers who underwent cesarean delivery. So tramadol can be used as an alternative for postspinal shivering in obstetric mothers.
A 5-year retrospective study of intraocular pressure control after trabeculectomy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Orezime Atima Mayor , Idakwo Ugbede , Komolafe Oyeronke , Emmanuel Otomi Ogho , Eisuke Shimizu , Shintaro Nakayama , Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare , Dingwoke Emeka John , Jacob Orugun Ayodele , Melchizedek Munaje Ignatius , Douglas Pam Jah
Published: April 2023

Background:

Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damage the optic nerve in the eye, resulting in vision loss and, in severe cases, blindness. The prevalence of glaucoma and glaucoma blindness is highest in West Africans.

Objective:

The study presents a 5-year retrospective analysis of intraocular pressure (IOP) and complications after trabeculectomy.

Materials and methods:

Trabeculectomy was performed using 5 mg/ml of 5-fluorouracil. A gentle diathermy was performed to secure hemostasis. Using a blade fragment of the scleral thickness, a 4×3 mm rectangular scleral flap was dissected. The central part of the flap was dissected 1 mm into the clear cornea. Before being tailed down, the patient was given topical 0.05% dexamethasone qid, 1% atropine tid, and 0.3% ciprofloxacin qid for 4–6 weeks. Patients with pain were given pain relievers, and all patients with photophobia were given sun protection. A successful surgical outcome was defined as a postoperative IOP of 20 mmHg or less.

Results:

There were 161 patients over the 5-year period under review, with men constituting 70.2% of the total. Out of 275 eyes operated on, 82.9% were bilateral cases, while 17.1% were unilateral. Glaucoma was found in both children and adults aged 11–82 years. However, it was observed to predominate between the ages of 51 and 60, with males having the highest incidence. The average preoperative IOP was 24.37 mmHg, while it was 15.24 mmHg postoperatively. The complication with the highest ranking was shallow anterior chamber (24; 8.73%) due to overfiltration, followed by leaking bleb (8; 2.91%). The most common late complications were cataract (32; 11.64%) and fibrotic bleb (8; 2.91%). Bilateral cataracts developed at an average of 25 months after trabeculectomy. It was seen in patients aged 2–3 with a frequency of 9, whereas 5 years after, 77 patients had improved vision, with a postoperative visual acuity of 6/18-6/6.

Conclusion:

Postoperatively, the patients had satisfying surgical outcomes as a result of the decrease in preoperative IOP. Although postoperative complications occurred, they had no effect on the surgical outcomes because they were temporary and not optically threatening. In our experience, trabeculectomy is an effective and safe procedure for achieving IOP control.
Explore the reasons for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bereda Gudisa
Published: April 2023

Background:

Vaccine hesitancy is described by the WHO as “a delay in acceptance or refusal of safe immunizations notwithstanding the availability of vaccine services.” In Ethiopia, the cumulative acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccination was 57.8%. Ethiopia had a lower rate of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance than was required to create herd immunity. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine reluctance and its contributing factors. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made to the relevant bodies in order to reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination acceptability.

Objectives:

A cross-sectional online-based study was conducted to better understand the reasons for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.

Materials and methods:

A cross-sectional survey using an internet platform was conducted from 18 June 2021, to 29 June 2022. A multistage cluster sampling strategy was used to find participants, with each cluster representing a sampling unit made up of a set of population elements. Participants are then randomly chosen from those clusters. The data were entered in Epi Info 7.2.0.1, then exported to Microsoft Excel and imported into statistical programs for social sciences (26.0 version) for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was considered to be aPvalue of less than 0.05.

Results:

Four hundred twenty-two HCWs completed the online survey. The majority of the HCWs were male (n=234, 55.5%), urban residents (n=396, 93.8%), protestants (n=168, 39.8%), and married people (n=232, 55.0%). The prevalence of HCWs reluctant to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was 69.7% (n=294). Age from 19 to 34 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.48, 95% CI: 1.69–7.42,P=<0.001], female sex (AOR =3.68, 95% CI =1.370–6.413,P=0.002), income between 3501 and 8500 ETB (AOR =1.67, 95% CI =1.380–5.697,P=0.048), information from websites (AOR =1.79, 95% CI =1.720–31.179,P=0.013), vaccine skepticism (AOR =4.75, 95% CI =3.210–8.152,P=0.009), and potential adverse effects of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (AOR =2.18, 95% CI =1.732–5.248,P=0.043) were independent predictors of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among HCWs.

Conclusion and recommendations:

HCWs were reluctant to get the SARS-CoV-2 immunization at a high percentage overall. To reduce hesitancy to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among HCWs, the Oromia regional state health bureau should be required to increase HCWs’ knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine by providing proper training for all HCWs.
Acute neurogenic stunned myocardium in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome: case report
Authors: Bahouh Choukri , Arhoun El Haddad Inass , Elmouhib Amine , Laaribi Ilyass , El Adak Hanane , Hattab Oumaima , El Ouafi Nouha , Bkiyar Houssam , Housni Brahim
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Autonomic dysfunction is a prevalent symptom of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS); cardiovascular involvement in this scenario has been mentioned infrequently in the literature.

Case Presentation:

A 65-year-old man with GBS presented with reversible left ventricular systolic failure. On first presentation, our patient had no history or indications of heart malfunction. During the clinical manifestation of his autonomic dysfunction, he had electrocardiographic alterations, modestly increased cardiac enzymes, significant left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and segmental wall motion irregularity. Once the initial episode was over, these anomalies and his symptoms resolved quickly.

Discussion:

We believe the reversible left ventricular dysfunction was caused by the toxic impact of elevated catecholamines as well as transiently injured sympathetic nerve endings in the myocardium, which was apparently caused by GBS. We recommend that echocardiography be performed in patients who exhibit clinical signs of autonomic dysfunction, particularly if they are associated with abnormal electrocardiographic findings, cardiac enzyme elevation, or hemodynamic instability, so that appropriate medical therapy can be instituted as soon as possible.

Conclusion:

GBS is a not a very rare situation in our context. Thus, doctors are supposed to know the life-threatening complications such as neurogenic stunned myocardium and be prepared to dodge it.
Potential threats of cholera amidst COVID pandemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo; bridging the gaps: a review
Authors: Akilimali Aymar , Biamba Chrispin , Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Cakwira Hugues , Masimango Gaston , Banga Styves , Mufungizi Innocent , Mirindi Michel K. , Ramandizi Guillain , Balume Alain , Kena Louison , Aganze Adolphe , Muhoza Bonk , Rajabu Gentil , Basima Kennedy , Bisimwa Paterne
Published: April 2023

Cholera, being a global health issue has remarkably affected the wellness of the people, especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it could be more if no concrete Intervention is done to curtail the outbreak. The authors reviewed past and present literatures on cholera and COVID-19 from the year 2013–2023 in well renowned scientific journals such as PUBMED, ResearchGate, Google Scholar. Database servers of these journals were accessed based on their permissions. From this search the authors found that, cholera is at its peak amidst COVID in DRC. Between the 10 March 2020 to the 10 March 2022, DRC reported a total of 86 462 cases of COVID-19 in 314 health zones in all 26 provinces of the country, with 1335 deaths recorded. And since the beginning of 2022, 6692 suspected cholera cases including 107 deaths have been reported in 54 health zones in 11 provinces of DRC, compared with 3681 suspected cases and 91 deaths reported during the same period in 2021 in 67 health zones in 14 provinces in the country. The authors realized that despite all efforts to mitigate the spread of cholera in DRC by the Congolese government and the non-governmental organizations in the country, there are still some gaps required to be filled, such as; limited community mobilizations and awareness campaigns about the signs and symptoms of cholera and COVID-19, unavailability of free cholera and COVID-19 vaccines to all the Congolese populations as well as association of witchcraft to diseases. etc. Hence, to mitigate this menace, the authors urge the Congolese government to utilize research implementation strategies such as increase mass awareness campaigns on cholera and COVID among the Congolese populations as well as training workshops for the religious and traditional leaders as well as the healthcare providers in the country for a better diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
Treating thoracic-lumbar Andersson lesion in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: case series
Authors: Zhang Heng , Hu Jianhua , Zhang Chao , Yang Zhao , Gao Ming , Zhao Hongbin
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To study the diagnosis and surgical treatment of thoracic-lumbar Andersson lesions among patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Method:

We retrospectively collected data from all patients with spine Andersson lesions from 2010 to 2020 and follow-up patients who received surgical treatment. One of the patients was misdiagnosed as spinal tuberculosis but was diagnosed with Andersson lesion after reviewing the patient’s postoperative data.

Results:

There were 11 patients with Andersson lesions, three females and eight males. Four patients received conservative treatment, and six patients received posterior long-segment pedicle screw fixation, one patient received anterior lumbar fusion. One patient occurred neurologic impairment. All other patients recovered well and spine pain disappeared. There was no surgical infection.

Conclusion:

Andersson lesions among patients with ankylosing spondylitis could be treated with posterior long-segment pedicle screw fixation. And it should be differentiated between spine infection and spine tuberculosis.
Evaluating the utility of cystoscopy, distal colostography, and sonography for locating the fistula in patients with anorectal malformation: a case series
Authors: Shojaeian Reza , Hiradfar Mehran , Bahrami Taqanaki Pegah , Ameri Leila , Parvizi Mashhadi Mahdi
Published: April 2023

Background and purpose:

Anorectal malformations are congenital conditions ranging from a simple perianal fistula to a complex cloacal malformation. Since the precise determination of the location of the fistula is the central pillar in choosing the type of surgery, this study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of three techniques, transperineal ultrasound, distal colostography, and cystoscopy.

Materials and methods:

This study was performed on patients with anorectal abnormalities who had undergone decompressive colostomy and were planned for anorectoplasty in the period from September 2017 to March 2019 in a pediatric surgical center. To answer our question, all three mentioned methods were conducted before the surgery and were compared with the intraoperative findings.

Results:

Sonography, distal colostography, and the second cystoscopy findings were similar to intraoperative conclusions concerning the presence of a fistula in patients, whereas blind cystoscopy had 30% accuracy and similarity. Regarding the type of fistula sonography, distal colostography, and second cystoscopy each had 50, 37.5, and 10 inconsistency with the intraoperative findings. In all cases where a fistula was detected in blind cystoscopy, the location of the fistula was correctly determined by this modality. Data analysis on the pouch to perineum distance measurements obtained from sonography and colostography were significantly different from that of surgery.

Conclusion:

The results of this study emphasize the need to perform several diagnostic modalities to determine the location and type of fistula to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Does race influence the attainment of the principles of oncologic surgical resection in colon adenocarcinoma? A retrospective cohort analysis from the national cancer database
Authors: Pacheco Felipe , Luciano Emmanuel , Hebert Danielle , Serpa Eduardo , Solh Wael
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The standard operation for colon cancer resection should follow certain principles to ensure appropriate oncologic resection, such as retrieving 12 or more nodes with the specimen and adequate surgical margins. Although these principles are well documented, there is little evidence regarding the association of race and the attainment of an adequate oncologic resection.

Methods:

The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of all cases of resectable colon adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection in the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2018. The postoperative lymph node count and margins were grouped as ‘principles of oncologic surgical resection’. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess race and other demographic variables as independent factors influencing the attainment of the principles of oncologic resection.

Results:

A total of 456 746 cases were included. From this cohort, 377 344 (82.6%) achieved an adequate oncologic resection and 79 402 (17.4%) did not. On logistic regression, African American and Native American patients were less likely to attain an adequate oncologic resection. Similarly, patients with an elevated Charlson-Deyo score (2 or above), stage I cancer, and patients who underwent extended resection were less likely to achieve adequate oncologic resection. Resections performed in metropolitan areas, patients with private insurance, high-income quartiles, and patients diagnosed in more recent years were more likely to achieve adequate oncologic resection.

Conclusions:

There are significant racial disparities regarding the attainment of the principles of oncologic resection in colon cancer, which could be explained by unconscious biases, social discrepancies, and inadequate healthcare access. Early introduction and conscientization of unconscious biases are required in surgical training.
Resectability and prognosis of gallbladder cancer: a cross-sectional study of 100 cases from a tertiary care centre of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Pandit Narendra , Neupane Durga , Nalbo Dinesh , Bhattarai Sameer , Deo Kunal B. , Jaiswal Lokesh S. , Adhikary Shailesh
Published: April 2023

Background:

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the fifth most common neoplasm of the digestive tract and has an overall incidence of 3 per 100 000 people. Only 15–47% of the preoperatively known GBC are suitable for resection. The objective of the study was to investigate the resectability and prognosis of GBC patients.

Materials and methods:

It is a prospective observational study including all cases of primary cancers of the gallbladder in the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at a tertiary care center over the period from January 2014 to December 2019. The primary endpoint was resectability and overall survival.

Results:

During the study period, 100 patients with GBC were reported. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 52.5 years, with a female predominance (67%). The curative intent resection (radical cholecystectomy) was possible in 30 (30%) patients; while 18 (18%) required palliative surgical treatment. The overall survival of the entire group was 9 months; while those patients who underwent surgery with curative intent had a median overall survival of 28 months after a median follow-up of 42 months.

Conclusion:

This study found that only one-third of patients achieve radical surgery with curative intent. Overall, the prognosis of patients is poor with a median survival of less than a year due to the advanced stage disease. Multimodality treatment, screening ultrasound, and neo-/adjuvant therapy may improve survival.
Drug target of natural products and COVID-19: how far has science progressed?
Authors: Raman Kannan , Rajagopal Kalirajan , Ramesh B. , Nallasivan P. Kumar , Raja M. K. Mohan M. , Jupudi Srikanth , Byran Gowramma , Khan Sharuk L. , Bin Emran Talha
Published: April 2023

The new coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] that caused a viral disease with a high risk of mortality (coronavirus disease 2019) was found toward the end of 2019. This was a significant acute respiratory syndrome. In a brief period, this virus spread throughout the entire planet, causing tremendous loss of life and economic damage. The process of developing new treatments takes time, and there are presently no recognized specific treatments to treat this infection. The most promising participants, who subsequently developed into prospective leads, were dropped from the clinical research in their latter phases. Medication that has previously acquired permission may only be repurposed for use for various medical reasons following a thorough investigation for safety and effectiveness. Because there are now no effective treatments available, natural products are being used haphazardly as antiviral medications and immunity boosters. The fundamental statement that most natural compounds have powerful antiviral action does not apply to SARS-CoV-2. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections are inhibited by natural treatments. According to anin silicostudy, the virus’ nonstructural proteins, including PLpro, Mpro, and RdRp, as well as structural proteins like the spike (S) protein, have been shown to have a strong affinity for several natural products and to be inhibited by them. The virus also suggests that it is a valid candidate for therapeutic research since it utilizes the intracellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor of the host cell. In this study, interesting targets for SARS-CoV-2 medication development are explored, as well as the antiviral properties of some well-known natural compounds.
Slowly Expanding 18F-FDG PET-Positive Irregular Opacities in the Lung Due to Diffuse Lymphoid Hyperplasia Preceding Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sumitomo Kenya , Okamoto Taku , Arii Kaoru , Matumoto Manabu , Shinohara Tsutomu
Published: April 2023

Pulmonary diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia (DLH), a nonneoplastic lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), is extremely rare, and no PET/CT findings have been reported for pulmonary DLH. We observed slowly expanding irregular opacities with 18F-FDG accumulation (SUVmax, 3.64) in the right lower lobe of a 51-year-old asymptomatic man. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy on suspicion of malignant lesions. Histologically, no neoplastic cells were present, and the lesion was consistent with DLH. Six months later, the patient developed rheumatoid arthritis. DLH should be considered in the differentiation of PET-positive irregular opacities, even in the absence of known immune abnormalities.
Primary Pancreatic Choriocarcinoma With Hepatic Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Huang Wenpeng , Qiu Yongkang , Zhou Yuhan , Yang Qi , Kang Lei
Published: April 2023

Pancreatic choriocarcinoma is a rare disease, and concurrent hepatic metastases have not previously been reported. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with significantly elevated human chorionic gonadotropin β levels, and 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated FDG-avid lesions in the pancreatic head, liver, and lymph nodes. The initial diagnosis of pancreatic choriocarcinoma with metastases was made and further confirmed by PET/CT-guided biopsy. 125I seeds were then implanted to treat the pancreatic choriocarcinoma lesions, which effectively reduced the tumor size. New hepatic metastases have been observed after 5 months, and this case had an overall survival of 10 months.
Can PSMA-Targeting PET/CT Be a Valuable Instrument to Assess the Presence of Brain Metastases in Lung Cancer Patients?
Authors: Dall'Armellina Sara , Cauda Simona , Duca Sergio , Gasparro Martina , Racca Manuela
Published: April 2023

A 78-year-old man with synchronous diagnosis of prostate cancer and lung adenocarcinoma was referred to our institute for prostate cancer staging with [18F]F–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 1007 PET/CT. In addition to the previously known lesion of the right lung, PSMA-targeted PET/CT highlighted 2 areas of abnormal uptake in the brain, in the left frontal and temporal lobes. A subsequent MRI confirmed the lesions observed on PET/CT. Because PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals do not accumulate in healthy brain parenchyma, and recent literature reported promising performances of PSMA-targeted PET/CT in gliomas and metastases from tumors other than prostate cancer, this employment of PSMA radioligands needs to be further explored.
Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Cognitive Frailty
Authors: Ciolek Cathy H. , Ross Christine M.
Published: April 2023

Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome and cognitive frailty (CF) are relatively new predementia syndromes that represent changes from baseline cognition that may be reversible or nonprogressive. Rehabilitation therapists may be the first clinicians to identify the symptoms of MCR syndrome and CF, of subjective cognitive complaints with the associated gait or strength impairments. Adopting screening tools in clinical practice and health screening events may help to identify these syndromes early and provide the opportunity for medical and lifestyle interventions to potentially minimize progression.
Rehabilitation for Frail Patients With Hip Fracture
Authors: Auais Mohammad
Published: April 2023

With an aging population, hip fractures and recovery from hip fractures are becoming a growing public health concern. Recovery after hip fractures is particularly challenging in those who are frail. Typically, frail patients with hip fractures are seen in acute care settings and followed as they transition to inpatient and/or outpatient rehabilitation. This article first summarizes existing literature describing the relationship between frailty and hip fracture and then provides a review of evidence about caring for this population in various care settings with special consideration for frail patients. To conclude, it outlines recommendations for future clinical rehabilitation research for frail patients with hip fractures.
Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Casablanca
Authors: Djorwé Soulandi , Bousfiha Amale , Nzoyikorera Néhémie , Nkurunziza Victor , Ait Mouss Khadija , Kawthar Bellamine , Malki Abderrahim
Published: April 2023

This is an analytical cross-sectional study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on data collected between 1 November 2020 and 31 March 2021 in Casablanca focusing on the disease’s epidemiological status and risk factors. A total of 4569 samples were collected and analysed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); 967 patients were positive, representing a prevalence of 21.2 % for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The mean age was 47.5±18 years, and infection was more common in young adults (<60 years). However, all age groups were at risk of COVID-19, and in terms of disease severity, the elderly were at greater risk because of potential underlying health problems. Among the clinical signs reported in this study, loss of taste and/or smell, fever, cough and fatigue were highly significant predictors of a positive COVID-19 test result (P<0.001). An assessment of the reported symptoms revealed that 27 % of COVID-19-positive patients (n=261) experienced loss of taste and/or smell, whereas only 2 % (n=72) of COVID-19-negative patients did (P<0.001). This result was consistent between univariate (OR=18.125) and multivariate (adjusted OR=10.484) logistic regression analyses, indicating that loss of taste and/or smell is associated with a more than 10-fold higher multivariate adjusted probability of a positive COVID-19 test (adjusted OR=10.48; P<0.001). Binary logistic regression model analysis based on clinical signs revealed that loss of taste and/or smell had a performance index of 0.846 with a P<0.001, confirming the diagnostic utility of this symptom for the prediction of COVID-19-positive status. In conclusion, symptom evaluation and a RT-PCR [taking into account cycle threshold (C
t) values of the PCR proxy] test remain the most useful screening tools for diagnosing COVID-19. However, loss of taste/smell, fatigue, fever and cough remain the strongest independent predictors of a positive COVID-19 result.
Application of a sepsis flow chip (SFC) assay for the molecular diagnosis of paediatric sepsis
Authors: Prasetyo Dimas Seto , Karyanti Mulya Rahma , Yuniar Irene , Saharman Yulia Rosa , Holiwono Livya
Published: April 2023

A delay in detecting sepsis pathogens is a problematic issue for determining definitive antibiotic therapy for the causative pathogens. The gold standard method for sepsis is blood culture but this requires 3 days to detect the definitive pathogen. Molecular methods offer rapid identification of pathogens. We evaluated the use of sepsis flow chip (SFC) assay for identifying pathogens from children with sepsis. Blood samples from children with sepsis were collected and incubated in a culture device. Positive samples were subjected to amplification-hybridization using SFC assay and culture. A total of 94 samples from 47 patients were recovered, from which 25 isolates were recovered, including

Klebsiella pneumoniae

(11) and

Staphylococcus epidermidis

(6). From 25 positive blood culture bottles subjected to SFC assay, 24 genus/species and 18 resistance genes were detected. The sensitivity, specificity and conformity was 80, 94.2 and 94.68 % respectively. SFC assay offers promise to identify pathogens from positive blood culture in paediatric patients with sepsis and may support the antimicrobial stewardship programme in hospitals.
Mechanisms of bunyavirus morphogenesis and egress
Authors: Barker Jake , daSilva Luis L. P. , Crump Colin M.
Published: April 2023

Unlike many segmented negative-sense RNA viruses, most members of the Bunyavirales bud at Golgi membranes, as opposed to the plasma membrane. Central players in this assembly process are the envelope glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, which upon translation undergo proteolytic processing, glycosylation and trafficking to the Golgi, where they interact with ribonucleoprotein genome segments and bud into Golgi-derived compartments. The processes involved in genome packaging during virion assembly can lead to the generation of reassorted viruses, if a cell is co-infected with two different bunyaviruses, due to mismatching of viral genome segment packaging. This can lead to viruses with high pathogenic potential, as demonstrated by the emergence of Schmallenberg virus. This review focuses on the assembly pathways of tri-segmented bunyaviruses, highlighting some areas in need of further research to understand these important pathogens with zoonotic potential.
Scoary2:Rapid association of phenotypic multi-omics data with microbial pan-genomes
Authors: Roder Thomas , Pimentel Grégory , Fuchsmann Pascal , Stern Mireille Tena , von Ah Ueli , Vergères Guy , Peischl Stephan , Brynildsrud Ola , Bruggmann Rémy , Bär Cornelia
Published: April 2023

Genomic screening of bacteria is common practice to select strains with desired properties. However, 40-60% of all bacterial genes are still unknown, making capturing the phenotype an important part of the selection process. While omics-technologies collect high-dimensional phenotypic data, it remains challenging to link this information to genomic data to elucidate the impact of specific genes on phenotype. To this end, we present Scoary2, an ultra-fast software for microbial genome-wide association studies (mGWAS), enabling integrative data exploration. As proof of concept, we explore the metabolome of 44 yogurts with different strains ofPropionibacterium freudenreichii, discovering two genes affecting carnitine metabolism.