bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Acupoint Selection and Combination for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Treated with Acupuncture Based on Data Mining
Authors: Xu Jia , Lu Zhengyu , Zhang Hongjing , Shen Yan , Zhao Hong
Published: June 2022

Objective. The aim of the study was to explore the regularity of acupoints in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by means of data mining technology. Methods. Nine databases, including SinoMed, Chongqing VIP (CQVIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase, were comprehensively searched till December 2021. The published clinical literature testing acupuncture in the treatment of ALS was eligible for inclusion. Studies were organized to establish the prescription database. Modular data mining analysis, including acupoint frequency, complex network analysis, association rule analysis, and cluster analysis were used to conduct statistical analysis. Results. Forty-two literature studies on 141 acupoints were included, involving 626 times the total application frequency. The top 5 acupoints in application frequency were Hegu (LI 4, 67%), Zusanli (ST 36, 67%), Quchi (LI 11, 52%), Sanyinjiao (SP 6, 48%), and Yanglingquan (GB 34, 45%). The most involved meridian was the large intestine meridian of hand Yangming (90 times). The generally used acupoints were mainly distributed in the lower limbs. The top 5 combinations in application frequency were Hegu-Quchi (75 times), Quchi-Zusanli (66 times), Zusanli-Sanyinjiao (54 times), Hegu-Sanyinjiao (54 times), and Quchi-Sanyinjiao (49 times). The acupoint combinations with the strongest association were Quchi, Hegu, Zusanli, Sanyinjiao, and Shousanli (LI 10). There were 7 acupoint groups according to the cluster analysis. The core prescriptions were Hegu, Zusanli, Quchi, and Jiaji (EX-B 2). Conclusions. Hegu, Zusanli, Quchi, and Jiaji could be used as the main prescriptions in treating ALS. The combination of Quchi, Hegu, Zusanli, and Sanyinjiao should be selected with priority in acupuncture therapy.
Study on the Variation of Crude Oil and Flue Gas Components in Flue-Gas-Assisted Steam Flooding
Authors: Wei Yongzhou , He Xu , Liu Tingfeng , Liu Ming , Li Boliang , Wang Zhuangzhuang , Li Binfei
Published: June 2022

In heavy oil development, flue-gas-assisted steam flooding can not only improve oil recovery but also reduce carbon emissions and realize the resource utilization of flue gas. In this paper, the variation in crude oil components produced by steam flooding and flue-gas-assisted steam flooding was studied by indoor displacement experiments and component determination, and the production properties of different components in flue gas, and the influence of flue gas proportion on residual oil components was explored. The results indicate that flue gas can enhance distillation and the production of light components in the steam flooding process. When the ratio of flue gas to steam ranges from 1 : 1 to 3 : 1, the larger the proportion of flue gas injection is, the larger the scope of steam thermal sweep is, the stronger the steam distillation effect is, and the greater the content of light components in residual oil and the change value of each component at the outlet and inlet are. Due to the difference in the dissolution of N2 and CO2 in heavy oil, at the early stage of displacement, the retention rate of CO2 in the formation in the early stage of displacement was higher, and the proportion of CO2 output was lower than the initial injection proportion. With the progress of displacement, the proportion of CO2 gradually increased, and the proportion of N2 gradually decreased. After gas channeling occurs, the N2 proportion increases and gradually approaches the injection proportion. The dissolution and precipitation of flue gas contribute to the formation of foam oil and improve the flow and production of crude oil. The research results are helpful to further understand the mechanism of flue-gas-assisted steam flooding and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of this technology.
Pushing Pose Sensing of Underground Mobile Supporting Robot
Authors: Wang Nan , Liu Hao , Li Xiaobiao , Tian Meizi , Zhang Lin
Published: June 2022

The pushing pose of underground mobile supporting robot (MSR), i.e., hydraulic support, is a key factor to measure the straightness of the working face. Therefore, in order to independently complete the pushing process and ensure the straightness requirements of the pushing pose, by considering the pushing displacement of MSR and the pose of the middle groove of the scraper conveyor, this study proposes a fusion evaluation model combined with the least square straightness based on the pushing displacement and the straightness based on the pose of the middle groove. The pose sensing approach is established by estimating the pose of the middle groove and the displacement of MSR, analyzing, and extracting the data characteristics of acceleration signal; the OVR (one-versus-rest) method is used to realize the displacement state pattern recognition of hydraulic support based on SVM (support vector machine). The effectiveness of this approach is verified by building an experimental platform.
Insights into the Estimation of the Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Phase Change Material-Containing Oxide Nanoparticles using Gaussian Process Regression Method
Authors: Chen Tzu-Chia , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Ismael Aras Masood , Pouresmi Jamshid , Ahangari Danial , Noori Saja Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Thermal conductivity (TC) of a phase change material (PCM) may be enhanced by distributing nanostructured materials (NSMs) termed nano-PCM. It is critical to accurately estimate the TC of nano-PCM to assess heat transfer during phase transition processes, namely, solidification and melting. Here, we propose Gaussian process regression (GPR) strategies involving four various kernel functions (KFs) (including exponential (E), squared exponential (SE), rational quadratic (RQ), and matern (M)) to predict TC of n-octadecane as a PCM. The accessible computational techniques indicate the accuracy of our proposed GPR model compared to the previously proposed methods. In this research, the foremost forecasting strategy has been considered as a GPR method. This model consists of the matern KF whose R2 values of training and testing phases are 1 and 1, respectively. In the following, a sensitivity analysis (SA) is used to explore the effectiveness of variables in terms of outputs and shows that the temperature (T) of nanofluid (NF) is the most efficient input parameter. The work describes the physical properties of NFs and the parameters that should be determined to optimize their efficiency.
BA-CNN: Bat Algorithm-Based Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm for Ambulance Vehicle Routing in Smart Cities
Authors: Darwassh Hanawy Hussein Taha , Frikha Mondher , Ahmed Sulayman , Rahebi Javad
Published: June 2022

This article proposes an ambulance vehicle routing approach in smart cities. The approach is based on the bat algorithm and convolutional neural network (BA-CNN). It aims to take transfer the patients confidentially, accurately, and quickly. The type of CNN used in this research is a residual network (ResNet). The node method is responsible for creating the city map. In the beginning, information about the accident place is received by the control station and forwarded to both the hospital and the ambulance. The driver feeds the data that contain the ambulance vehicle’s node position and the accident location to the BA-CNN vehicle routing algorithm. The algorithm then obtains the shortest path to reach the location of the accident by the driver. When the vehicle arrives at the accident location, the driver updates the algorithm with hospital and accident positions. Then, the shortest path (which leads to the fast reach time) to the hospital is calculated. The bat algorithm provides offline data for a possible combination of different source and destination coordinates. The offline data are then trained by utilizing a neural network. The neural network is used for finding the shortest routes between source and destination. The performance evaluation of the BA-CNN algorithm is based on the following metrics: end-to-end delay (EED), throughput, and packet delivery fraction (PDF). This BA-CNN is compared with counterparts, including three different existing methods such as TBM, TVR, and SAODV. The experiments demonstrate that the PDF of our method is 0.90 for 10 malicious nodes, which is higher than in the TBM, TVR, and SAODV.
Research on Interactive Spatial Scheduling of VR Movie Based on Spatiotemporal Relational Narration
Authors: Tang Rui
Published: June 2022

The application of virtual reality (VR) technology has revolutionized the aesthetic concept of traditional movies, which especially causes the evolution of the concept and form of time and space in movies that the space-time structure and narrative form of traditional movies are no longer suitable for VR movies. Therefore, in this paper, the space-time of VR movies is deconstructed and reconstructed, and the space-time consciousness is taken as the research background. From the perspective of creative subject and audience experience, the space-time narrative characteristics, structure, and methods of virtual reality movies are discussed. At the same time, based on the dynamic scheduling principle of VR images, a multisource scheduling model is established with narrative space, intention space, aesthetic empathy, emotional identity, time deconstruction, and music expression as the original data sets, which is of guiding significance to the creative practice of VR movies.
Analysis of the Application Value of Ultrasound Imaging Diagnosis in the Clinical Staging of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zhang Fengying , Sun Yunxuan , Wu Xijiang , Meng Chunrong , Xiang Meiling , Huang Tingting , Duan Wenping , Wang Fangfang , Sun Zhaolan
Published: June 2022

Thyroid cancer affects 1.3 percent of the population, with rates of occurrence rising in recent years (approximately 2 percent per year). Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine cancer with an annual increase in occurrence. Although the general prognosis for differentiated subtypes is favorable, the rate of mortality linked with thyroid cancer has been steadily progressing. The presence of suspicious thyroid nodules necessitates more diagnostic testing, including laboratory evaluation, additional imaging, and biopsy. For clinical staging and appropriate patient therapy design, accurate diagnosis is necessary. In this paper, we examined the application value of ultrasound imaging diagnosis in the clinical staging of thyroid tumor in this research. The benefit of early diagnosis is determined in this article using ultrasonography reports from Chinese patients. Images of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were collected and annotated in this work, and deep learning-based image recognition and diagnostic system was built utilizing the adaptive wavelet transform-based AdaBoost algorithm (AWT-AA). The system’s efficacy in diagnosing thyroid nodules was assessed, and the use of ultrasound imaging in clinical practice was studied. The variables that had a significant impact on malignant nodules were studied using logistic multiple regression analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) categorization outcomes for benign and malignant tumors were also calculated.
Numerical Investigations on the Effect of Fracture Length Distribution on the Representative Elementary Volume of 3D Discrete Fracture Networks
Authors: Liu Ding , Pu Hai , Guo Shiru , Sha Ziheng , Li Chong
Published: June 2022

Determination of the representative elementary volume (REV) of fractured rock masses based on equivalent permeability (

K

) is significantly dependent on the geometric characteristics of fractures. In this work, a series of numerical simulations were performed to analyze the relationship between geometric characteristics of fractures and the REV size, in which fracture length follows a power-law distribution. A method to evaluate the

K

of a three-dimensional (3D) discrete fracture network (DFN) by extracting the equivalent pipe network (EPN) model from the DFN model was utilized and verified. The results show that

K

of the 3D DFN model has an exponential relationship with the power exponent (

a

) of fracture length distribution and the evaluation of

K

agrees well with that reported in previous studies, confirming the reliability of the EPN model for calculating seepage properties of complex 3D DFN models. When the side length of submodels (

L

n

) is small, the

K

varies significantly due to the influence of random number seeds used to generate fracture length, location, and orientation. The

K

holds a constant value after

L

n

exceeds some specific value. The critical model scale is determined as the REV size, and the corresponding volume of the 3D DFN model is represented by

V

REV

. The

V

REV

varies within a narrow range when

a
≤
4.0

. When

a
=
4.5

, the

V

REV

rapidly increases to more than 3.4 times than that when

a
=
4.0

. The fluid flow becomes more inhomogeneous due to the small nonpersistent fractures that dominate the preferential flow paths when

a

exceeds a certain value (i.e., 4.5). The

K

at the REV size decreases exponentially with the increment of

a

. This tendency can be explained by the decrease of the average intersection length (

L

i

) with the increment of

a

, which is a geometric parameter for reflecting the connectivity of the fracture network.
Influence of Early Predictive Nursing on Complications and Quality of Life in Patients after Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Gao Jing , Zhang Qiuyang , Zhao Xiaolin , Gao Wei
Published: June 2022

Objective. To analyze the effect of early predictive nursing on complications and quality of life in patients after colorectal cancer surgery. Methods. A total of 130 patients with colorectal cancer who were diagnosed and underwent surgical resection in our hospital from 2019 to 2021 were recruited and assigned via the random number table method (1 : 1) to receive either conventional nursing (routine group) or predictive nursing (study group). Outcome measures included the incidence of complications and the quality of life. Results. Predictive nursing was associated with shorter operation time and hospital stay and less blood loss (2.35 ± 0.41, 9.32 ± 1.86, and 70.52 ± 16.52) versus conventional nursing (3.02 ± 0.78, 11.20 ± 2.14, and 81.51 ± 17.74) (all

P
<
0.05

). Patients in the study group showed a lower incidence of complications than the control group (10.76% vs 35.38%) (all

P
<
0.05

). Predictive nursing resulted in better anxiety relief than conventional nursing (

P
<
0.05

). Predictive nursing was associated with higher emotional function, cognitive function, role function, and physical function scores (83.51 ± 12.56, 82.45 ± 9.15, 82.48 ± 10.46, 84.43 ± 13.48, and 82.73 ± 9.67) than conventional nursing (73.85 ± 13.54, 72.54 ± 12.74, 72.48 ± 10.45, 73.99 ± 14.51, and 72.45 ± 11.69) (all

P
<
0.05

). Patients receiving predictive nursing showed a significantly higher nursing satisfaction versus conventional nursing (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Early predictive nursing for patients receiving colorectal cancer surgery can lower the incidence of complications, effectively improve the quality of life of patients, shorten the hospital stay, reduce the amount of bleeding, and enhance the satisfaction of patients.
Pretreatment with Shenmai Injection Protects against Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
Authors: Zheng Zhaohai , Yu Zhangjie , Xu Buyun , Zhou Yan , Xing Yangbo , Li Qingsong , Tang Weiliang , Peng Fang
Published: June 2022

Background. The clinical treatment of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is mainly based on conventional medicine, but the mechanism of the medicine is single and the efficacy is different. Shenmai injection (SMI) has a variety of ingredients, but the effect of SMI on CMD has not been studied. This study investigated the effect of SMI on CMD and its possible mechanism. Methods. The protective effect of SMI on CMD was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo, forty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (sham group), CMD group (model group), and SMI group (treatment group). Two weeks after SMI intervention, laurate was injected into the left ventricle of rats to construct a CMD model. Blood samples were collected to detect myocardial enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors, and the hearts of rats were extracted for histopathological staining and western blot detection. In vitro, a hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial injury model was established in HUVECs. After pretreatment with SMI, cell viability, oxidative stress, vasodilative factors, and apoptosis were detected. Results. In vivo, pretreatment with SMI could effectively reduce the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of rats. Meanwhile, the expression of bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and caspase-3 protein in the myocardium of rats was decreased in the SMI group. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were higher in the SMI group than in the CMD group. Pathological staining results showed that SMI could effectively reduce inflammatory infiltration and the formation of collagen fibers and microthrombus in the rat myocardium. In vitro, intervention with SMI could improve endothelial function in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by increasing the activity of endothelial cells and the expression of NO, SOD, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and Bcl-2, while decreasing cell apoptosis and the levels of ET-1, MDA, Bax, and caspase-3. Conclusions. Pretreatment with SMI could improve CMD by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis and then improving vascular endothelial function and microvascular structure.
Cooperative RIS and Relaying IoV Networks: A Deep Study on Position Analysis
Authors: Zhu Jiaxing , Zhang Guoan , Jiang Yan , Duan Wei , Ou Jianghong , Fan Dahua
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a hybrid relay- and reconfigurable intelligent surface- (RIS-) assisted cooperative communication system is proposed. Considering the overall user position referring to the reflective RIS, the downlink propagation can be summarized as two cases: for the first case, the mobile user can only be assisted by the relay (on the back of RIS); for the second case, the mobile user will be assisted by both of the RIS and relay. In our proposed system, a novel concept named “balance position” is investigated, which can be used to resolve specific deployment issue of the RIS. Due to the difficulty of obtaining the closed-form expressions of the achievable capacity, we derive the tight upper bound for the channel gain through observing the central limit theorem (CLM) and Jensen’s inequality and determine its trend for the mobile user. Numerical results verify the correctness of our analysis and superiority of our proposed scheme. Moreover, for an increasing number of RIS elements, the system capacity will be significantly improved, and the balance position will be far away from RIS.
Research on the Training and Management of Industrializing Workers in Prefabricated Building with Machine Vision and Human Behaviour Modelling Based on Industry 4.0 Era
Authors: Wang Junwu , Song Yinghui , Yuan Chunbao , Guo Feng , Huangfu Yanru , Liu Yipeng
Published: June 2022

As countries around the world pay more and more attention to the sustainable development of the construction industry, the prefabricated building model has become the best construction type to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. However, the prefabricated building entails higher technical requirements, and the workers involved in the construction must be trained to reduce the risks. For China, where the demographic dividend is gradually disappearing, how to quickly promote the industrializing workers process has become an urgent issue. This research focuses on the training and management of industrializing workers in prefabricated building. First, the facial images of the participants were collected from the actual test data, and the changes of participants’ facial expressions were analyzed through multitask convolutional neural network-Lighten Facial Expression Recognition (MTCNN-LFER). The results of the analysis were plugged into the facial expression recognition and evaluation model for industrializing workers training in this research to calculate the weights, and then all the weights were clustered through the improved SWEM-SAM method. The results show the following: (1) the values of objective data were used to judge the participating workers’ mastery of each knowledge and to evaluate whether they are qualified. (2) The evaluation results were used to analyze the risk events that may be caused by participating workers.
Phagosomal Acidification Is Required to Kill Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Zebrafish Model
Authors: Prajsnar Tomasz K. , Michno Bartosz J. , Pooranachandran Niedharsan , Fenton Andrew K. , Mitchell Tim J. , Dockrell David H. , Renshaw Stephen A.
Published: June 2022

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen causing invasive disease, including community-acquired bacteraemia, and remains a leading cause of global mortality. Understanding the role of phagocytes in killing bacteria is still limited, especially in vivo. In this study, we established a zebrafish model to study the interaction between intravenously administered pneumococci and professional phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils, to unravel bacterial killing mechanisms employed by these immune cells. Our model confirmed the key role of polysaccharide capsule in promoting pneumococcal virulence through inhibition of phagocytosis. Conversely, we show pneumococci lacking a capsule are rapidly internalised by macrophages. Low doses of encapsulated S. pneumoniae cause near 100% mortality within 48 hours postinfection (hpi), while 50 times higher doses of unencapsulated pneumococci are easily cleared. Time course analysis of in vivo bacterial numbers reveals that while encapsulated pneumococcus proliferates to levels exceeding 105 CFU at the time of host death, unencapsulated bacteria are unable to grow and are cleared within 20 hpi. Using genetically induced macrophage depletion, we confirmed an essential role for macrophages in bacterial clearance. Additionally, we show that upon phagocytosis by macrophages, phagosomes undergo rapid acidification. Genetic and chemical inhibition of vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase) prevents intracellular bacterial killing and induces host death indicating a key role of phagosomal acidification in immunity to invading pneumococci. We also show that our model can be used to study the efficacy of antimicrobials against pneumococci in vivo. Collectively, our data confirm that larval zebrafish can be used to dissect killing mechanisms during pneumococcal infection in vivo and highlight key roles for phagosomal acidification in macrophages for pathogen clearance.
Study on the Interaction between the Characteristics of Retinal Microangiopathy and Risk Factors for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Tang Qian , Zhang Yanli , Yang Zhengfang , Li Siou , Wu Meini , Guo Yongming , Zhao Weina , Yin Changhao
Published: June 2022

Objective. This study was designed to explore the characteristics of retinal microangiopathy in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and clarify its interaction with the risk factors for CSVD. Methods. Sixty patients with CSVD and 15 healthy individuals were enrolled. Demographic data, risk factors, and medical history were recorded, and magnetic resonance imaging was performed to detect and analyze the characteristics of retinal microangiopathy in the two groups. The interaction among retinal microangiopathy, vascular risk factors, and total imaging load of CSVD was compared. Results. (1) Hypertension, standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (SBPSD), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were independent vascular risk factors for CSVD. (2) Statistically significant differences in hypertension, SBPSD, SDBG, and AIP were observed between the two groups in terms of the total imaging burden of CSVD (p < 0.05). (3) Multivariate logistic linear regression showed that CSVD was associated with a wider central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) (p = 0.015), a smaller arteriole‐to‐venule ratio (AVR) (p = 0.001), and a higher incidence of vessel tortuosity (p = 0.027). (4) When the total imaging burden of CSVD ranges from 0 to 4 points, the CRVE is larger, the AVR is smaller, and the incidence of vascular tortuosity is higher, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). (5) The characteristics of retinal microangiopathy were correlated with hypertension, SBPSD, SDBG, and AIP (p < 0.05). (6) An association was observed between the characteristics of retinal microangiopathy and vascular risk factors and the total imaging burden of CSVD (p < 0.05). Conclusions. (1) Hypertension, SBP variability, BG fluctuation, and AIP are independent vascular risk factors for CSVD. (2) Retinal microvessels are changed in patients with CSVD, and venous dilatation, decreased arteriovenous ratio, and vascular tortuosity are the main characteristics of the disease. (3) The characteristics of retinal microangiopathy are interactively correlated with the total imaging load and risk factors for CSVD and can be used as indicators of the severity of CSVD.
Joint Deployment and Power Optimization for UAV Relay in Multiuser Networks
Authors: Ji Ang , Wu Jianjun
Published: June 2022

Within the UAV network, the UAV first receives signals from multiple remote mobile devices (MDs) and then amplifies and forwards the transmitted signals to the base station (BS) with different amplification coefficients to form a UAV relay multiuser network. In this paper, we propose a new method to solve the problem of maximizing the throughput of the relay network. The proposed problem is decoupled into two subproblems, UAV deployment design and amplification coefficient optimization, to be solved iteratively, respectively. We solve the UAV deployment problem by adjusting its trajectory with a gradient descent-based method and solve the amplification coefficient subproblem with a convex optimization-based method iteratively. Simulation shows that the proposed UAV deployment and amplification coefficient of the UAV optimization design algorithm significantly improves the sum-rate compared with existing fixed relay and equal power allocation schemes. Finally, we discuss future potential performance enhancing methods including multiple UAV cooperation, massive multi-input multioutput (MIMO) communications, and nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communications.
Research on Modeling the Optimization of Power Load Combination for Power Sales Company
Authors: Liu Jiaxun , Li Kaixin , Yao Xingan , Wu Jinghui , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2022

The power sales company is an important component of the power trading market. It can be used not only as the primary body for purchasing power from market transactions but also as the primary body for transferring power to the market and consumers, altering the distribution network’s power flow distribution and having a significant impact on the distribution network’s power supply capacity. The fundamental goal of the power sales company is to maximize the benefits by adjusting the power load distribution in response to changes in the power consumption of users. Based on the consideration of users’ flexible power consumption, this paper studied the load combination optimization modeling method of the power sales company. The building users are taken as the research object and the flexible power consumption type is determined based on various power values. The demand response data is extracted by load characteristic index and power consumption index, and the flexible power consumption law is predicted by a standardized matrix. Furthermore, using Hansen threshold theory, the load rate is computed and the grading is changed, and three groups of load combination schemes are obtained from the simulation test. Results show that the load combination of user 03, user 05, and user 07 is optimized in scheme C and the power sales profit of the power sales company is 26.31% and 22% higher than those of scheme A and scheme B, respectively. The proposed method can reduce the power purchase cost and increase the revenue of the power company by increasing the revenue from power sales.
Novel High-Efficiency Nanocomposite Gate Design of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhu Yourun , Ren Senlin , Li Xiaolong
Published: June 2022

With the development of science and technology, the feature size of CMOS devices will always shrink to the limit. Therefore, some new nanodevices will eventually become substitutes for microelectronic devices. A new electronic revolution will break out. Nanoscience and technology is the high-tech frontier technology of the century and one of the main contents of scientific development in the new era. Its development will have a profound impact on other disciplines, industries, and society. Nanoelectronics is an important part of the discipline of nanoscience and technology, which represents the development trend of microelectronics and will become the foundation of the next generation of electronic science and technology. With the development of ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, the feature size of electronic devices is getting smaller and smaller and has entered the nanoscale from the microscale. When the size of the system is small enough to be compared with the wavelength of electrons, the quantum effect becomes the dominant current-carrying main factor in child behavior. While these new phenomena and new effects bring challenges to the original semiconductor devices, they also provide opportunities for the development of new devices. Evolutionary circuit design is based on cellular neural network and quantum-dot cells, designs combinational logic circuits through the evolutionary algorithm, uses the logic gate based on cellular neural network design as the population gene of evolutionary circuit design, enriches the diversity of the population, and improves the evolutionary algorithm at the same time, the success rate of the improved genetic algorithm for evolutionary circuits has been greatly improved, and the failure rate has been reduced from 14% to 2%, obtaining a faster evolution speed and improving the performance of the evolution circuit.
Reliability of the Nepali Version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure Self-Report
Authors: Khatri Prakriti , Prasertsukdee Saipin , Suttiwong Jatuporn
Published: June 2022

A self-report measure is considered a practical alternative tool for longitudinal monitoring and for community models of disability. Spinal Cord Independence Measure Self-Report (SCIM-SR) was developed to measure the functional independence of the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. For the application of this questionnaire in Nepali setting, the cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of the Nepali version of the SCIM-SR were also warranted. The aim of the study was to cross-culturally adapt the Nepali version of the SCIM-SR and determine its reliability. The English version of the SCIM-SR was translated into the Nepali language with cross-cultural adaptations following the Beaton guidelines. A total of 45 community-dwelling individuals with SCI administered the Nepali version of the SCIM-SR two times, with an interval of one week. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha (α) were used to assess the test-retest reliability and internal consistency, respectively. Cross-cultural equivalence was achieved between the English version and the Nepali version of the SCIM-SR. The test-retest reliability was excellent, with ICCs for the total score 0.968 (95% confidence interval 0.941–0.982), self-care subscale 0.964 (0.934–0.980), respiration and sphincter management subscale 0.941 (0.893–0.968), and mobility subscale 0.966 (0.938–0.981). The internal consistency reached an acceptable range for the total score and most of the subscales except for those of respiration and sphincter management. Cronbach’s α coefficients for the total score, self-care subscale, respiration and sphincter management subscale, and mobility subscale were 0.801, 0.959, 0.506, and 0.838, respectively. The Nepali version of the SCIM-SR was cross-culturally adapted and can be used as a reliable self-report instrument to assess functional independence among the community-dwelling SCI population in Nepal.
Iris Nevus (Cogan-Reese) Syndrome Presenting with Zonular Dehiscence during Cataract Extraction
Authors: Chhadva Priyanka , Del Valle Estopinal Maria , Farid Marjan
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to report a novel presentation of Cogan-Reese syndrome presenting with zonular dehiscence during cataract extraction with intraocular lens placement. A 49-year-old woman presented with worsening vision over 2 years. The examination was significant for bilateral pupil miosis, visually significant cataracts, and unilateral glaucoma. No iris nodules or corneal endothelial disease was observed through slit-lamp examination and specular microscopy bilaterally. Cataract extraction on the left eye was complicated by significant zonular dehiscence. An iris sample taken during the procedure demonstrated histopathologic findings consistent with an iris nodule composed of melanocytic nevoid cells. Cogan-Reese, or iris nevus syndrome, is a subset of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome that usually presents with iridic stromal matting and stromal loss, nodule formation, and secondary unilateral angle-closure glaucoma. Here, we describe a presentation of Cogan-Reese syndrome that presented with pupillary miosis and glaucoma preoperatively, and zonular dehiscence during cataract extraction with no underlying corneal pathology.
Crizotinib in MET Exon 14-Mutated or MET-Amplified in Advanced Disease Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective, Single Institution Experience
Authors: Shalata Walid , Yakobson Alexander , Weissmann Sarah , Oscar Elron , Iraqi Muhammed , Kian Waleed , Peled Nir , Agbarya Abed
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for most lung cancers and is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. Alterations in c-MET, a tyrosine kinase receptor, have been involved in many cases of NSCLC progression and metastasis. Crizotinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used in NSCLC treatment with limited success. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed data from patients diagnosed with lung cancer at Soroka University Medical Center between January 2015 and January 2020. We investigated patient characteristics, including disease-associated mutation type and median survival in response to different TKI treatments. Results: A total of 780 patients with lung cancer were included in the study, 134 of whom had small cell lung cancer and 646 had NSCLC. Of the NSCLC patients, 403 were diagnosed with advanced or metastatic disease, and 374 underwent molecular testing. We identified 16 patients with either c-MET mutations or amplifications who were treated with crizotinib. Of these patients, 7 expressed a c-MET exon 14 skipping mutation while the remaining 9 patients expressed c-MET amplification. Among the patients with a c-MET exon 14 skip mutation, the overall survival was 22.8 months and the median progression-free survival (PFS) on crizotinib treatment was 12.4 months. Of the patients with c-MET amplification, the median overall survival was 5.4 months and the median PFS with crizotinib treatment was 2.6 months. Discussion and Conclusions: We analyzed the data of a series of cases describing patients diagnosed with different stages of NSCLC, having either a c-MET exon 14 skipping mutation or an amplification mutation, and treated with various TKIs, including crizotinib. We investigated the characteristics of these patient groups in accordance with mutation types and compared median survival between patient groups. Crizotinib was found to be an optimal treatment for NSCLC harboring c-MET exon 14 skipping mutations.
REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY
Authors: Romaniuk T. V. , Moroz V. S. , Maslii S. M. , Vivchar Z. V.
Published: June 2022

Background. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are under a high risk of post-operative reductions in respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function as well as lowered functional capacity. In-hospital physical inactivity and inappropriate rehabilitation increases the chances for development of these complications and affects patients’ future independence in daily routine. Cardiac rehabilitation is crucial in preventing complications and assisting the early function recovery. However, despite the evidences for its benefits and strong guideline recommendations, the uptake of cardiac rehabilitation remains poor.
Objective. this study is aimed at promotion of cardiac rehabilitation and sharing successful experience of using it.
Methods. Post-surgical treatment and rehabilitation of 387 patients with cardiovascular pathology in the Department of Vascular and Cardiac Surgery of Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise “Ternopil Regional Clinical Hospital” of Ternopil Regional Council has been analysed.
Results. The experience of successful post-surgical treatment and rehabilitation allowed establishing the basic approaches to perioperative management of patients with cardiovascular surgical pathology. Key principles include minimized ICU stay and artificial ventilation time, early verticalization and beginning of physical activities, early removed drainage tubes, tracheobronchial tree drainage, nutritional balance, lymphatic drainage massage, application of elastic jersey on the lower extremities, early transferring to the surgery ward and returning to the regular daily activities, circumstantial health education, complex work of a multidisciplinary team.
Conclusions. This set of rehabilitation measures helps prevent complications after cardiac surgery as well as provide a faster patient’s daily routine.
Gut Microbiota, Plasma Metabolomic Profiles, and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection
Authors: Wang Zheng , Peters Brandilyn A. , Usyk Mykhaylo , Xing Jiaqian , Hanna David B. , Wang Tao , Post Wendy S. , Landay Alan L. , Hodis Howard N. , Weber Kathleen , French Audrey , Golub Elizabeth T. , Lazar Jason , Gustafson Deborah , Kassaye Seble , Aouizerat Bradley , Haberlen Sabina , Malvestutto Carlos , Budoff Matthew , Wolinsky Steven M. , Sharma Anjali , Anastos Kathryn , Clish Clary B. , Kaplan Robert C. , Burk Robert D. , Qi Qibin
Published: June 2022

Background:

Alterations in gut microbiota and blood metabolomic profiles have been implicated in HIV infection and cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether alterations in gut microbiota may contribute to disrupted host blood metabolomic profiles in relation to atherosclerosis, especially in the context of HIV infection.

Methods:

We analyzed cross-sectional associations between gut microbiota features and carotid artery plaque in 361 women with or at high risk of HIV (67% HIV+), and further integrated plaque-associated microbial features with plasma lipidomic/metabolomic profiles. Furthermore, in 737 women and men, we examined prospective associations of baseline gut bacteria-associated lipidomic and metabolomic profiles with incident carotid artery plaque over 7-year follow-up.

Results:

We found 2 potentially pathogenic bacteria,
Fusobacterium
and
Proteus
, were associated with carotid artery plaque; while the beneficial butyrate producer
Odoribacter
was inversely associated with plaque.
Fusobacterium
and
Proteus
were associated with multiple lipids/metabolites which were clustered into 8 modules in network. A module comprised of 9 lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylethanolamines and a module comprised of 9 diglycerides were associated with increased risk of carotid artery plaque (risk ratio [95% CI], 1.34 [1.09–1.64] and 1.24 [1.02–1.51] per SD increment, respectively). Functional analyses identified bacterial enzymes in lipid metabolism associated with these plasma lipids. In particular, phospholipase A1 and A2 are the key enzymes in the reactions producing lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylethanolamines.

Conclusions:

Among individuals with or at high risk of HIV infection, we identified altered gut microbiota and related functional capacities in the lipid metabolism associated with disrupted plasma lipidomic profiles and carotid artery atherosclerosis.
Animal Models of Atherosclerosis–Supportive Notes and Tricks of the Trade
Authors: Gisterå Anton , Ketelhuth Daniel F.J. , Malin Stephen G. , Hansson Göran K.
Published: June 2022

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death among humans. Animal models have shown that cholesterol and inflammation are causatively involved in the disease process. Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins elicit immune reactions and instigate inflammation in the vessel wall. Still, a treatment that is specific to vascular inflammation is lacking, which motivates continued in vivo investigations of the immune-vascular interactions that drive the disease. In this review, we distill old notions with emerging concepts into a contemporary understanding of vascular disease models. Pros and cons of different models are listed and the complex integrative interplay between cholesterol homeostasis, immune activation, and adaptations of the vascular system is discussed. Key limitations with atherosclerosis models are highlighted, and we suggest improvements that could accelerate progress in the field. However, excessively rigid experimental guidelines or limiting usage to certain animal models can be counterproductive. Continued work in improved models, as well as the development of new models, should be of great value in research and could aid the development of cardiovascular disease diagnostics and therapeutics of the future.
Cellular and Engineered Organoids for Cardiovascular Models
Authors: Thomas Dilip , Choi Suji , Alamana Christina , Parker Kevin Kit , Wu Joseph C.
Published: June 2022

An ensemble of in vitro cardiac tissue models has been developed over the past several decades to aid our understanding of complex cardiovascular disorders using a reductionist approach. These approaches often rely on recapitulating single or multiple clinically relevant end points in a dish indicative of the cardiac pathophysiology. The possibility to generate disease-relevant and patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells has further leveraged the utility of the cardiac models as screening tools at a large scale. To elucidate biological mechanisms in the cardiac models, it is critical to integrate physiological cues in form of biochemical, biophysical, and electromechanical stimuli to achieve desired tissue-like maturity for a robust phenotyping. Here, we review the latest advances in the directed stem cell differentiation approaches to derive a wide gamut of cardiovascular cell types, to allow customization in cardiac model systems, and to study diseased states in multiple cell types. We also highlight the recent progress in the development of several cardiovascular models, such as cardiac organoids, microtissues, engineered heart tissues, and microphysiological systems. We further expand our discussion on defining the context of use for the selection of currently available cardiac tissue models. Last, we discuss the limitations and challenges with the current state-of-the-art cardiac models and highlight future directions.
Biomedical Imaging in Experimental Models of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Sosnovik David E. , Scherrer-Crosbie Marielle
Published: June 2022

Major advances in biomedical imaging have occurred over the last 2 decades and now allow many physiological, cellular, and molecular processes to be imaged noninvasively in small animal models of cardiovascular disease. Many of these techniques can be also used in humans, providing pathophysiological context and helping to define the clinical relevance of the model. Ultrasound remains the most widely used approach, and dedicated high-frequency systems can obtain extremely detailed images in mice. Likewise, dedicated small animal tomographic systems have been developed for magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, fluorescence imaging, and computed tomography in mice. In this article, we review the use of ultrasound and positron emission tomography in small animal models, as well as emerging contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance such as diffusion tensor imaging, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, magnetic resonance elastography and strain, arterial spin labeling, and molecular imaging.
Animal Models of Dysregulated Cardiac Metabolism
Authors: Bugger Heiko , Byrne Nikole J. , Abel E. Dale
Published: June 2022

As a muscular pump that contracts incessantly throughout life, the heart must constantly generate cellular energy to support contractile function and fuel ionic pumps to maintain electrical homeostasis. Thus, mitochondrial metabolism of multiple metabolic substrates such as fatty acids, glucose, ketones, and lactate is essential to ensuring an uninterrupted supply of ATP. Multiple metabolic pathways converge to maintain myocardial energy homeostasis. The regulation of these cardiac metabolic pathways has been intensely studied for many decades. Rapid adaptation of these pathways is essential for mediating the myocardial adaptation to stress, and dysregulation of these pathways contributes to myocardial pathophysiology as occurs in heart failure and in metabolic disorders such as diabetes. The regulation of these pathways reflects the complex interactions of cell-specific regulatory pathways, neurohumoral signals, and changes in substrate availability in the circulation. Significant advances have been made in the ability to study metabolic regulation in the heart, and animal models have played a central role in contributing to this knowledge. This review will summarize metabolic pathways in the heart and describe their contribution to maintaining myocardial contractile function in health and disease. The review will summarize lessons learned from animal models with altered systemic metabolism and those in which specific metabolic regulatory pathways have been genetically altered within the heart. The relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of cardiac metabolism and the pathophysiology of heart failure and how these have been informed by animal models will be discussed.