bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence and mitigation of interference by LID and LETID in damp heat and thermal cycling tests on PV modules
Authors: Fokuhl E. , Mülhöfer G. , Wesselak V. , Mikolajick T. , Philipp D. , Gebhardt P.
Published: November 2022

Accelerated aging tests as defined in testing standards such as IEC 61215 are important to assure the quality and safety of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The test conditions often contain high temperatures and sometimes carrier injection, which can cause light induced degradation (LID) effects, such as boron-oxygen LID (BO LID) or light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LETID). These effects can interfere with the interpretation of results or produce false fails or passes in certification tests. To address the most severe cases, an option for a regeneration procedure for BO LID after damp heat was recently included in IEC 61215:2021. However, positive performance deviations due to BO LID, as well as the general influence of LETID, are still not excluded. Variations of damp heat and thermal cycling tests on mini-modules built from the monocrystalline passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC) are performed and combined with latest approaches for BO LID regeneration, BO degradation, and LETID temporary recovery. The results show that LETID can superimpose procedures applied for BO LID regeneration but can be easily temporary recovered by one additional step. A combined stabilization procedure, which can exclude influences from both BO LID and LETID on accelerated aging test results, is proposed.
Polariton condensates show their nonequilibrium side
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: November 2022

Although similar to ultracold atomic gases, fluids of quasiparticles in a solid have more in common with forest fires.
Assessing need for primary care services: analysis of New Zealand Health Survey data
Authors: Hau Kenny , Cumming Jacqueline , Iruzun Lopez Maite , Jeffreys Mona , Senior Tessa , Crampton Peter
Published: November 2022

Introduction The 2001 Primary Health Care Strategy provided significant new government funding for primary care (general practice and related services) via capitation funding formulas. However, there remain important unanswered questions about how capitation funding formulas should be redesigned to ensure equitable and sustainable service provision to all population groups. Aim To compare levels of chronic illness, utilisation, and unmet need in patients categorised as ‘high-need’ with those categorised as non-‘high-need’ using the definitions that are used in the current funding context, in order to inform primary care funding formula design. Methods Respondents of the New Zealand Health Survey (2018–19) were categorised into ‘high-need’ and non-‘high-need’, as defined in current funding formulas. We analysed: (i) presence, and number, of chronic diseases; (ii) self-reported primary care utilisation (previous 12 months); and (iii) self-reported unmet need for primary care (previous 12 months). Analyses used integrated survey weights to account for survey design. Results In total, 29% of respondents were ‘high-need’, of whom 50.2% reported one or more chronic conditions (vs 47.8% of non-‘high-need’ respondents). ‘High-need’ respondents were more likely than non-‘high-need’ respondents to: report three or more chronic conditions (14.4% vs 13.7%); visit a general practitioner more often (seven or more visits per year: 9.9% vs 6.6%); and report barriers to care. Discussion There is an urgent need for further quantification of the funding requirements of general practices serving high proportions of ‘high-need’ patients in order to ensure their viability, sustainability and the provision of quality of care.
Translation validity in metaphor theories
Authors: Zlatev Jordan , Moskaluk Kalina
Published: November 2022

Evaluating competing metaphor theories against
each other implies the need for theory-independent criteria of
comparison. We propose translation validity,
the closeness in which theoretical constructs and
operationalizations match one another, to be such a criterion.
Applying this to Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Deliberate
Metaphor Theory (DMT) we note that the translation validity of CMT
is low, given that its main constructs (“domain”, “cross-domain
mappings”) lack clear operationalizations. DMT fares better with a
procedure for distinguishing between deliberate and non-deliberate
metaphor, but we argue that it needs improvements in clarifying and
justifying its operationalizations. After summarizing the Motivation
& Sedimentation Model (MSM) of metaphor, we discuss its
translation validity in relation to two different studies, one on
metaphors for anxiety and stress in psychotherapy discourse, and the
other on pictorial and verbo-pictorial metaphors. We argue that
while the operationalizations in these studies differ, they both
show considerable correspondence to the constructs, and thus a high
degree of translation validity. Some weaknesses nevertheless show up
under scrutiny, suggesting ways to improve both the level of
translation validity and the higher of level construct
validity (mapping from phenomena to constructs) of the
model. In this process we anticipate a degree of convergence between
the DMT and MSM approaches.
Kinaesthetic embodied schemas in emotion language
Authors: Baicchi Annalisa
Published: November 2022

This chapter explores how culture and cognition
intertwine in the conceptualisation of emotive meaning through the
analysis of emotive factive constructions (e.g. afraid of
spiders; furious at the angry words;
delighted over his behaviour). It aims to
identify the embodied schemas that motivate the close-knit unit of
emotion adjective and prepositional phrase in the English-Italian
language pair. The differences that occur in the combination between
the open-class of emotion adjectives and the closed-class of
prepositions in the two languages appear to be motivated by embodied
cognition, but also by typological features being in close
connection to cultural preferences. The dataset, compiled by
querying the
British
National Corpus
and the Italian
La Repubblica
Corpus
, shows that English gives prominent
role to the manner of experiencing emotions, while Italian
foregrounds the cause that prompts emotions. The hypothesis is put
forward that the different type of verbalisation may be correlated
with Talmy’s dichotomy between manner-framed and path-framed
languages.
Beyond the limits
Authors: Gordejuela Adriana
Published: November 2022

Film flashbacks are rich multimodal devices that combine a stable pattern of retrospection with formal versatility that provides filmmakers with much space for being creative (Turim 1989; Gordejuela 2021). This chapter focuses on a particular kind of flashbacks where past and present are rendered simultaneously in two possible ways: either the past gets inserted into the present and is merged with it, or a character from the present appears as such in his or her own memories of the past. Through decompression of identity, these flashbacks simultaneously represent two different perspectives (viewpoint compression) and two separate moments in time (time compression) (cf. Dancygier 2012). The chapter illustrates the creative rendering of narrative time in a number of unconventional flashbacks.
The (limited) contribution of Catalan political science to Catalan sociolinguistics
Authors: Branchadell Albert
Published: November 2022

This paper provides an assessment of the contribution of local political scientists to the study of the relationship between language and society in the Catalan-speaking area in the last 25 years. First, the contribution of local political scientists is quite modest in quantitative terms. As a matter of fact, it can be reduced to six people, two of whom are no longer active in the field. Second, this contribution is rather restricted in scope. Only in the areas of political theory and public policies has there been any noteworthy activity. Third, political scientists’ endeavours have had limited influence on the Catalan scholarly milieu and, more specifically, among sociolinguists, who clearly dominate the study of the relationship between language and society in the Catalan-speaking area.
The economics of language
Authors: Alarcón Alarcón Amado
Published: November 2022

This article reviews the contributions made from the Catalan academia to the economy of the language. The economics of language comprises two subfields: (1) the study of the relationships between language and economic activity, and (2) the study of the social dimensions of language from the economic method in a strict sense. The production from the economy of the language in strict sense has few although original researches. Among the inquiries that have been made, stands out that is characterized by the emphasis on the value of the language itself, and not just in the exchange value of a given language. Also is remarkable the analysis of the economic and political competition between linguistic groups. In spite of the relevance of the problems dealt with, there has not been a specialization of researchers in the study of the relations between economy and language in the Catalan linguistic sphere. Lack of research brings us the problem that research is essentially replaced by untested dominant social representations about dimension of language speakers community as the only factor for market valuation and economic growth.
New speakers
Authors: Pujolar Cos Joan
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, I argue for the relevance and productivity of research on “new speakers” in sociolinguistics. To this end, I discuss the historical relationships of sociolinguistics with other social sciences in terms of an ongoing adoption of concepts and methods from other disciplines. Accordingly, the concept of new speakers brings up the debates about subjectivity raised by the works of Foucault, Butler, Bhabha and other authors. I illustrate the argument by drawing on data that shows how different profiles of speakers relate to the languages of their repertoires in different ways, and how these different investments shed light on the Catalan sociolinguistic situation and on how it is experienced. I finally argue that attention to subjectivity can help connect sociolinguistics with the scholarly debates taking place around contemporary social movements such as feminism, anti-racism, the LGBT movement and environmentalism.
The kaleidoscopic universe of the sociolinguistics of variation in the Catalan language
Authors: Pradilla Cardona Miquel Àngel
Published: November 2022

In the transition from autonomous linguistics, that is to say linguistics centred exclusively on the structural analysis of language, to a type of discipline with an inherent concern for the interaction between linguistics and socio-pragmatic variables, a good deal of proposals have been made, both theoretical and methodological.Without a doubt the sociolinguistic variation model is one of the most successful. This model has made it possible to advance in the social characterisation of language, as well as in the organisation and interpretation of linguistic diversity. This article deals with the various approaches that have been proposed within the field of Catalan variationist studies: from W. Labov’s orthodox proposals to the socialisation component in dialectal and geolinguistic approaches.
Revealing China’s diplomatic narratives of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Jiang Yuan
Published: November 2022

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a well-acknowledged central economic and diplomatic policy of the Chinese
government, which was proposed by President Xi Jinping in 2013. By using content analysis and interviews, this paper analyzes
Chinese President Xi’s speeches from 2013 to 2020 about the BRI, as well as official statements of the Chinese central government.
It identifies at least five competing diplomatic narratives of the BRI. Different from repetitive literature that explores either
the economic or political implications of the BRI, this paper contributes by exploring the original story that the Chinese
government tries to tell the world. It concludes that initially, the narrative of the BRI has not been portrayed well from the
Chinese side.
Motion metaphors in music criticism
Authors: Julich-Warpakowksi Nina
Published: November 2022

The book explores (1) the motivation of motion expressions in Western classical music criticism in terms of conceptual metaphors (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999) in two corpus studies, and (2) their perceived degree of metaphoricity among musicians and non-musicians in a rating study. The results show that while fundamental embodied conceptual metaphors like TIME IS MOTION certainly play a part in explaining why we speak of Western classical music as motion, it is the specific communicative setting of music criticism that determines the particular use of motion metaphors.
Furthermore, the perceived metaphoricity of musical motion metaphors varies with participants’ musical background: musicians perceive musical motion expressions as more literal compared to non-musicians, showing that there are individual differences in the perception of metaphoricity.
A Pragmatic Approach to Fluency and Disfluency in Learner Language
Authors: Frobenius Maximiliane
Published: November 2022

This monograph presents analyses of filled and unfilled pauses, cut-offs, repair, discourse markers and other phenomena often referred to as disfluencies in the context of advanced language learners' PowerPoint presentations. It adopts a multimodal perspective to demonstrate the functions of these elements in interaction. Paired with gaze shifts, pointing gestures and posture shifts, they act as facilitators of joint visual orientation, mutual understanding, and accountable actions. Therefore, this volume suggests the name cofluency to reflect their potential functionality. Cofluencies are essential elements of multimodal chunks and multimodal patterns, and these are building blocks of a multimodal turn-taking mechanism for presentations. These concepts are illustrated and discussed based on excerpts from naturally occurring classroom data.
Copula to negator
Authors: DeLancey Scott
Published: November 2022

Van der Auwera & Vossen (2017)identify an intriguing shift from a copula to a negative marker in the Tibeto-Burman Kiranti group, and discuss it as a possible example of Jespersen’s Cycle. This paper traces a fuller history of the copula#ni, and presents an account of its association with negation, which is attested in several other Tibeto-Burman languages besides Kiranti. In most Tibeto-Burman languages the equational copula is “optional”, occurring in affirmative sentences only with a contrastive or emphatic sense. For this reason copulas often develop into sentence-final stance markers. Since negation is morphologically marked on verbs, a negated equational sentence requires an overt copula which can be negated. This paper presents data showing how this association of the presence of a copula with negation has resulted in the negative sense becoming associated with and, in a few cases, becoming the direct meaning of the erstwhile copula.
Multi-retranslation and cultural variation
Authors: Erlin Matt , Knox Douglas , Pentecost Stephen
Published: November 2022

Using English and Spanish translations of Franz Kafka’sDie Verwandlung‘The metamorphosis’ as a case study, this article contributes to current discussions of retranslation, and of cross-linguistic approaches to retranslation in particular. Building on the work of such scholars as Matthew Reynolds and Tom Cheesman, the analysis uses computational methods to evaluate variance among translators across a range of English and Spanish translations. The aim is twofold: first, to evaluate whether we can link translator variation to specific linguistic and rhetorical features in the original; and second, to determine whether those features are stable across languages.
NMR Evidence for Universal Pseudogap Behavior in Quasi-Two-Dimensional FeSe-Based Superconductors
Authors: Kang B. L. , Shi M. Z. , Zhao D. , Li S. J. , Li J. , Zheng L. X. , Song D. W. , Nie L. P. , Wu T. , Chen X. H.
Published: November 2022

Recently, by intercalating organic ions into bulk FeSe superconductors, two kinds of layered FeSe-based superconductors [(TBA)
x
FeSe and (CTA)
x
FeSe] with superconducting transition temperatures (T
c) above 40 K have been discovered. Due to the large interlayer distance (∼ 15 Å), these new layered superconductors have a large resistivity anisotropy analogous to bismuth-based cuprate superconductors. Moreover, remarkable pseudogap behavior well above T
c is revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on 77Se nuclei, suggesting a preformed pairing scenario similar to that of cuprates. Here, we report another new kind of organic-ion-intercalated FeSe superconductor, (PY)
x
FeSe, with a reduced interlayer distance (∼ 10 Å) compared to (TBA)
x
FeSe and (CTA)
x
FeSe. By performing 77Se NMR and transport measurements, we observe a similar pseudogap behavior well above T
c of ∼ 40 K and a large resistivity anisotropy of ∼10
4
in (PY)
x
FeSe. All these facts strongly support a universal pseudogap behavior in these layered FeSe-based superconductors with quasi-two-dimensional electronic structures.
A ‘Dynamic Kibble’ mass balance for the undergraduate physics teaching laboratory
Authors: Glover Paul , Milner Conor , Rambabu Ashwin , Varley Deborah
Published: November 2022

Originally envisaged in 1975 to realise the SI unit of electrical current, the Ampere, the Kibble balance has since developed into a powerhouse of modern scientific measurement. By combining theoretical simplicity with precision of measurement, it has enabled the redefinition of Planck’s constant, and subsequently a practical method of defining the kilogram in terms of fundamental constants. This article introduces a novel version of this classic apparatus, the ‘Dynamic Kibble’ Balance. Dynamic in this case because the magnet velocity is now 3 orders of magnitude higher than the original, but the same theory applies. The apparatus is simple in approach, robust, easy to set up, and capable of a high level of precision using only electrical measurements (plus length and time). The importance of this measurement to metrology re-enforces the link between what is measured in the laboratory via calibration, measurement standards, and traceability. Using the apparatus and measurements described in this paper, the mass of the magnet assembly was measured as 19.4 ± 0.3 g, which lies within one SEM of the known value. This paper describes an uncomplicated method with a clear focus on the key physics and theory required. This experiment is intended for use in a first-year undergraduate physics laboratory. Further potential for both more advanced theory demonstration and experimental work is discussed.
Lagrange-mesh calculations of S-wave resonances in three-body atomic systems
Authors: Dohet-Eraly Jérémy , Servais Jean
Published: November 2022

The Lagrange-mesh method is known to be an efficient tool for evaluating the bound states of various three-body atomic and molecular systems. By combining it with the complex scaling method, resonances can also be studied. In this paper, this approach is used for evaluating several S-wave resonances of the helium atom and of the negative positronium ion in vacuum and in Debye plasmas. In spite of its simplicity, the Lagrange-mesh method provides resonance energies and widths more accurate than the best literature results.
First-principles study of the stability and migration of Xe and Cs in U3Si
Authors: Jin Ruoyan , Hu Jutao , Qiu Qihang , Li Menglu , Gong Hengfeng , Ren Qisen , Liao Yehong , Xiao Haiyan , Zu Xiaotao
Published: November 2022

In the past several years, the U3Si has been suggested as an alternative nuclear fuel for light water reactors due to its high uranium density and outstanding thermal conductivity. In order to gain fundamental insights into the behavior of fission products in U3Si, the trapping and migration behaviors of the fission products Xe and Cs in U3Si are investigated using density functional theory calculations in this work. Under U-rich and Si-rich conditions, both the Xe and Cs atoms prefer to substitute for Si and U atoms, respectively. Besides, both Xe and Cs tend to migrate through the vacancy-mechanism. It is noticeable that Xe diffuses faster and forms Xe bubbles more easily than Cs, which is mainly caused by the weaker interaction between Xe and its surrounding atoms.
Compensation of environmental parameters for optical detection of chemical oxygen demand
Authors: Yu Jianmin , Wu Jin , Yu Shengnan , Chen Shuyan , Wang Feng , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: November 2022

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) reflects the degree of water damage by organic pollutants, and is an important indicator for water environment protection and marine hydrological monitoring, so it is very important to accurately measure COD. However, changes in ambient temperature and atmospheric noise cause huge deviations in the precise measurement of COD by optical-based water quality detectors. The purpose of this research is to realize the accurate measurement of COD of the optical water quality detector by compensating the environmental parameters of the water quality detector. The compensation model established in this paper is a particle swarm optimization (PSO) back-propagation neural network (BPNN), which can compensate for temperature and filter out atmospheric noise, named back-propagation neural network of particle swarm optimization of filter out atmospheric noise (FAN-PSO-BPNN). FAN-PSO-BPNN reduced the maximum relative error by 92.51%, root mean square error by 91.64%, coefficient of variation by 91.74%, and the distance between the maximum and minimum prediction errors by 92.94% compared with BPNN in filtering out atmospheric noise interference and temperature compensation. The optimization scheme proposed in this paper for BPNN is crucial and effective, and the FAN-PSO-BPNN compensation model improves the anti-interference ability of the water quality detector, guarantees the accurate measurement of COD in seawater, and helps the water quality detector to monitor in seawater for a long time.
A transparent kaolinite-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposite sunscreen with UV shielding rate over 99% based on bidirectional dispersion
Authors: Wang Ling , Cui Xiaomei , Dong Qiuye , Liang Weicong , Jin Hejie
Published: November 2022

Nano-sized TiO2 and ZnO are the most efficient and widely used inorganic sunscreen, but they still have some drawbacks including agglomeration, delamination, clogging pores and high cost. In this study, a kaolinite-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposite sunscreen was prepared and the key technical problems in application of inorganic nano-sized sunscreens was solved. The synthesized kaolinite-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, XRF and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The SEM image of the nanocomposite suggests that agglomeration of nano-ZnO is avoided by bidirectional dispersion of superfine kaolinite powder and nano-ZnO. Nano-effect and UV shielding rate are enhanced and the nanocomposite sunscreen possesses UV shielding efficiency of 1 + 1 > 2. The UV shielding rate of the nanocomposite sunscreen is greater than 99%, only 10% addition of it endows ordinary skin care products with excellent UV protective efficacy. Moreover, the content of nano-ZnO is reduced by half through introduction of kaolinite, the cost of the sunscreen is lowered, delamination and pore clogging are avoided. This work provides a technical approach for producing stronger, safer and more economical popularized anti-UV skincare products.
Graphene delamination from chemical vapor deposited turbostratic multilayer graphene for TEM analysis
Authors: Hayashi Kenjiro , Fushimi Naoki , Kataoka Masako , Kondo Daiyu , Sato Shintaro
Published: November 2022

Turbostratic multilayer graphene (MLG) is of great interest due to its unique electronic properties resulting from a linear band dispersion at the K point, which is similar to that of single-layer graphene. The band structure is derived from the stacking structure of turbostratic MLG where graphene layers have random in-plane rotations with respect to each other. Although wafer-scale growth of turbostratic MLG has been demonstrated, the crystallinity of individual graphene layers is still challenging to investigate. In this study, we present a new approach to reveal the grain structure of turbostratic MLG by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. Mechanical delamination is demonstrated for the chemical vapor deposited MLG to peel off the topmost graphene layers by using a polydimethylsiloxane sheet. Micrometer-scale patterning of the MLG prior to the delamination is found to be effective to obtain graphene films with the designed shape and arrangement. Furthermore, the delaminated graphene films are successfully transferred onto a TEM grid, enabling us to estimate the grain size of the turbostratic MLG. This method is potentially applicable for not only preparing samples but also fabricating vertically stacked heterostructure devices using 2D materials.
Recovery of gold from e-waste via food waste byproducts
Authors: Cecchi Teresa , Gao Zhaojing , Clement Christophe , Camus Anthony , Karim Andrew , Girard Olivier , Santato Clara
Published: November 2022

Global materials’ and energy constraints and environmental issues call for a holistic approach to waste upcycling. We propose a chemically rational, cost-effective and environmentally friendly recovery of non-leaching gold from e-waste using aqueous chemistry with hydrogen peroxide, an environmentally benign oxidant, and lactic acid, a food chain byproduct. The oxidation of the base metals enables the release of gold in its metallic state in the form of flakes subsequently separated via filtration. Our main byproduct is a precursor of Cu2O, a relevant metal oxide for solar energy conversion applications. The recovered gold was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to gain insight into the morphology of the flakes and their chemical composition. Furthermore, recovered gold was used to successfully fabricate the source and drain electrodes in organic field-effect transistors.
Travelling wave solutions of the cubic nonlocal Fisher-KPP equation: I. General theory and the near local limit
Authors: Billingham J , Needham D J
Published: November 2022

We study non-negative travelling wave solutions, u ≡ U(x − ct) with constant wavespeed c > 0, of the cubic nonlocal Fisher-KPP equation in one spatial dimension, namely,

∂
u

∂
t

=

∂

2

u

∂

x

2

+

u

2

1
−

1

λ

∫

−
∞

∞

ϕ

y
−
x

λ

u

y
,
t

d
y

,

for

(

x
,
t

)

∈
R
×

R

+

, where u(x, t) is the population density. Here ϕ(y) is a prescribed, piecewise continuous, symmetric, nonnegative and nontrivial, integrable kernel, which is nonincreasing for y > 0, has a finite derivative as y → 0+ and is normalised so that

∫

−
∞

∞

ϕ

(

y

)

d
y
=
1

. The parameter λ is the ratio of the lengthscale of the kernel to the diffusion lengthscale. The quadratic version of the equation, with reaction term u(1 − ϕ*u), has a unique travelling wave solution (up to translation) for all c ⩾ c
min = 2. This minimum wavespeed is determined locally in the region where u ≪ 1, (Berestycki et al 2009 Nonlinearity
22 2813–44). For the cubic equation, we find that a minimum wavespeed also exists, but that the numerical value of the minimum wavespeed is determined globally, just as it is for the local version of the equation, (Billingham and Needham 1991 Dynam. Stabil. Syst.
6 33–49). We also consider the asymptotic solution in the limit of a spatially-localised kernel, λ ≪ 1, for which the travelling wave solutions are close to those of the cubic Fisher-KPP equation, u

t
= u

xx
+ u
2(1 − u). We find that when ϕ = o(y
−3) as y → ∞, the minimum wavespeed is

1

2

+
O

(

λ

4

)

, but that when ϕ = O(y
−n
) with 1 < n ⩽ 3, the minimum wavespeed is

1

2

+
O

(

λ

2

(

n
−
1

)

)

. In each case we determine the correction terms. We also compare these asymptotic solutions to numerical solutions and find excellent agreement for some specific choices of kernel.
Multi-modal fusion model for predicting adverse cardiovascular outcome post percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Bhattacharya Amartya , Sadasivuni Sudarsan , Chao Chieh-Ju , Agasthi Pradyumna , Ayoub Chadi , Holmes David R , Arsanjani Reza , Sanyal Arindam , Banerjee Imon
Published: November 2022

Background. Clinical medicine relies heavily on the synthesis of information and data from multiple sources. However, often simple feature concatenation is used as a strategy for developing a multimodal machine learning model in the cardiovascular domain, and thus the models are often limited by pre-selected features and moderate accuracy. Method. We proposed a two-branched joint fusion model for fusing the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signal data with clinical variables from the electronic medical record (EMR) in an end-to-end deep learning architecture. The model follows the joint fusion scheme and learns complementary information from ECG and EMR. Retrospective data from the Mayo Clinic Health Systems across four sites for patients that underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were obtained. Model performance was assessed by area under the receiver-operating characteristics (AUROC) and Delong’s test. Results. The final cohort included 17,356 unique patients with a mean age of 67.2 ± 12.6 year (mean ± std) and 9,163 (52.7%) were male. The joint fusion model outperformed the ECG time-domain model with statistical margin. The model with clinical data obtained the highest AUROC for all-cause mortality (0.91 at 6 months) but the joint fusion model outperformed for cardiovascular outcomes - heart failure hospitalization and ischemic stroke with a significant margin (Delong’s p < 0.05). Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that developed a deep learning model with joint fusion architecture for the prediction of post-PCI prognosis and outperformed machine learning models developed using traditional single-source features (clinical variables or ECG features). Adding ECG data with clinical variables did not improve prediction of all-cause mortality as may be expected, but the improved performance of related cardiac outcomes shows that the fusion of ECG generates additional value.
Superior dark-state cooling via nonreciprocal couplings in trapped atoms
Authors: Wang Chun-Che , Wang Yi-Cheng , Wang Chung-Hsien , Chen Chi-Chih , Jen H H
Published: November 2022

Cooling the trapped atoms toward their motional ground states is key to applications of quantum simulation and quantum computation. By utilizing nonreciprocal couplings between two atoms, we present an intriguing dark-state cooling scheme in Λ-type three-level structure, which is shown superior than the conventional electromagnetically-induced-transparency cooling in a single atom. The effective nonreciprocal couplings can be facilitated either by an atom–waveguide interface or a free-space photonic quantum link. By tailoring system parameters allowed in dark-state cooling, we identify the parameter regions of better cooling performance with an enhanced cooling rate. We further demonstrate a mapping to the dark-state sideband cooling under asymmetric laser driving fields, which shows a distinct heat transfer and promises an outperforming dark-state sideband cooling assisted by collective spin–exchange interactions.
Symmetries and symmetry reductions of the combined KP3 and KP4 equation
Authors: Wang Fa-ren , Lou S Y
Published: November 2022

To find symmetries, symmetry groups and group invariant solutions are fundamental and significant in nonlinear physics. In this paper, the finite point symmetry group of the combined KP3 and KP4 (CKP34) equation is found by means of a direct method. The related point symmetries can be obtained simply by taking the infinitesimal form of the finite point symmetry group. The point symmetries of the CKP34 equation constitute an infinite dimensional Kac-Moody–Virasoro algebra. The point symmetry invariant solutions of the CKP34 equation are obtained via the standard classical Lie point symmetry method.
Constructing unextendible product bases from multiqubit ones
Authors: Zhang Taiyu , Chen Lin
Published: November 2022

The construction of multipartite unextendible product bases (UPBs) is a basic problem in quantum information. We respectively construct two families of 2 × 2 × 4 and 2 × 2 × 2 × 4 UPBs of size eight by using the existing four-qubit and five-qubit UPBs. As an application, we construct novel families of multipartite positive-partial-transpose entangled states, as well as their entanglement properties in terms of the geometric measure of entanglement.
Integrated, reliable laser system for an 87Rb cold atom fountain clock
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Xiang Jing-Feng , Xu Bin , Feng Pan , Sun Guang-Wei , Meng Yi-Ming , Deng Si-Min-Da , Ren Wei , Wan Jin-Yin , Lü De-Sheng
Published: November 2022

We designed, assembled, and tested a reliable laser system for 87Rb cold atom fountain clocks. The laser system is divided into four modules according to function, which are convenient for installing, adjusting, maintaining, and replacing of the modules. In each functional module, all optical components are fixed on a baseplate with glue and screws, ensuring the system’s structural stability. Mechanical stability was verified in a 6.11g RMS randomvibration test, where the change in output power before and after vibration was less than 5%. Thermal stability was realized by optimizing of the structure and appropriate selection of component materials of the modules through thermal simulation. In the laser splitting and output module, the change in laser power was less than 20% for each fiber in thermal cycles from 5 °C to 43 °C. Finally, the functionality of the laser system was verified for a rubidium fountain clock.
Bottom-up design and assembly with superatomic building blocks
Authors: Yu Famin , Liu Zhonghua , Li Jiarui , Huang Wanrong , Yang Xinrui , Wang Zhigang
Published: November 2022

Constructing specific structures from the bottom up with artificial units is an important interdisciplinary topic involving physics, chemistry, materials, and so on. In this work, we theoretically demonstrated the feasibility of using superatoms as building blocks to assemble a complex at atomic-level precision. By using a series of actinide-based endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) superatoms that can form one, two, three and four chemical bonds, a planar complex with intra- and inter-molecular interactions was assembled on the Au(111) surface. This complex is composed of two parts, containing ten and eight superatoms, respectively. The electronic structure analysis shows that the electron density inside each part is connected and the closed-shell electronic arrangement system is designed. There is also an obvious van der Waals boundary by physical adsorption between the two parts, and a stable complex is formed. Since this complex is realized by the first-principles calculations of quantum mechanics, our results help not only achieve atomic-level precision construction with artificial superatomic units but also maintain atomic-level functional properties.
Cross-sections of the 238U (n, γ) 239U reaction in the 3.0–7.0 MeV energy region measured by relative activation method*
Authors: Wen Chun , Han Zheng , Luo Xiao-Bing
Published: November 2022

The reaction cross-sections of 238U (n, γ)239U have been experimentally determined at neutron energies of 6.117 ± 0.119 MeV, 4.626 ± 0.086 MeV, and 3.622 ± 0.348 MeV employing the relative activation approach along with the off-line γ-ray spectroscopy method. The D (d, n)3He reaction was utilized to obtain monoenergetic neutrons of the required energy, and the 197Au (n, γ)198Au reaction cross-sections were adopted as the referential standard to ascertain the neutron capture cross-sections of 238U. Furthermore, the effects of low-energy scattered neutrons, neutron fluence fluctuations, counting of geometric corrections when measuring γ-rays, and neutron and γ-ray self-absorption caused by the sample thickness have been considered and revised in the present work. For a comparison with experimental results, the cross-sections of the 238U (n, γ)239U reaction were calculated theoretically with the original parametric TALYS-1.9 program. The experimental measurements were in contrast to previous experimental results and the evaluation data available for ROSFOND-2010, CENDL-3.2 and ENDF/B-VIII.0.
Rapid Deformation Calculation for Large Reflector Antennas: A Surrogate Model Method
Authors: Zhang Zi-Han , Ye Qian , Fu Li , Wang Jin-Qing , Guo-Xiang Meng , Shen Zhi-Qiang
Published: November 2022

The surface accuracy of the large-aperture reflector antenna has a significant influence on the observation efficiency. Recent researchers have focused on using the finite element (FE) simulation to study the effect of gravity and heat on the deformation distribution of the main reflector. However, the temperature distribution of the antenna is challenging to obtain, and it takes a long time for the FE simulation to carry out FE modeling and post-processing. To address these limitations, this study presents a surrogate model based on Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to get the deformation distribution of the main reflector quickly. In the design of the surrogate model, using the XGBoost algorithm and sparse sampling to solve the difficulty of obtaining the entire temperature distribution is first proposed, and then a deep CNN is developed for estimating deformation. Based on the effect of dynamic loads on the antenna structure, a diverse data set is generated to train and test the surrogate model. The results show that the surrogate model reduces the calculating time dramatically and can obtain the indistinguishable deformation compared to the FE simulation. This technique provides a valuable tool for temperature and deformation calculation of large-aperture antennas.
Comparison of helium ion irradiation resistance between nanocrystalline and coarse grained 304 austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Xiong Yi , Wu Jiawei , Cheng Wenrui , Du Congcong , Jin Shuoxue , Sun Baoru , Shen Tongde
Published: November 2022

Improving the radiation resistance of structural materials in the presence of helium is significant for the development of advanced nuclear power systems. Nanostructured materials reduce the grain size and significantly increase the grain boundary density. Hence, it is considered to be an effective method to improve the radiation resistance of materials. In this work, we studied the radiation resistance of nanocrystalline (NC) and coarse grained (CG) 304 austenitic stainless steel (304-SS) by helium ion irradiations. The mean grain sizes of NC and CG 304-SS are ∼45 nm and ∼30 μm, respectively. The results of positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicate that NC 304-SS not only has better swelling resistance than CG 304-SS, but also has better helium effect resistance. And the swelling of NC 304-SS is reduced by a factor of ∼5.7 compared with CG 304-SS under the irradiation of 170 keV He+ to 2 × 1020 ions m−2 at 723 K. The mechanisms for the excellent swelling resistance of NC 304-SS are discussed.
Evaluation of ‘surgery-friendly’ bone scaffold characteristics: 3D printed ductile BG/PCL scaffold with high inorganic content to repair critical bone defects
Authors: Huang Pengren , Yang Peng , Liu Keming , Tao Wei , Tao Jun , Ai Fanrong
Published: November 2022

The repair of irregular and complex critical bone defects remains a challenge in clinical practice. The application of 3D-printed bioceramics particle/polymer composite scaffolds in bone tissue engineering has been widely studied. At present, the inorganic particle content of the composite scaffolds is generally low, resulting in poor osteogenic activity. However, scaffold with high inorganic content are highly brittle, difficult to operate during surgery, and cannot be in close contact with surrounding bones. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a ‘surgery-friendly’ scaffold with high bioceramic content and good ductility. In this study, we used the solvent method to add high concentration (wt% 70%) bioglass (BG) into polycaprolactone (PCL), and polyethylene glycol was used as plasticizer to prepare 70% BG/PCL composite scaffolds with high ductility using 3D printing technology. In vitro experiments showed that the scaffold had good mechanical properties: easy extension, easy folding and strong compressive resistance. It also showed good performance in biocompatibility and osteogenic activity. It was further observed that compared with pure BG or PCL implantation, the scaffold with higher BG content could have more new bone tissue appeared after 12 weeks. All these results indicate that 3D-printed 70% BG/PCL scaffolds have great potential for personalized repair of bone defects.
Changes in photovoltaic potential over China in a warmer future
Authors: Zhang Jintao , You Qinglong , Ullah Safi
Published: November 2022

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology offers a promising path for addressing energy demand and mitigating climate change. However, climatic conditions relevant to the productivity of solar power may be changed in a warmer future. Here, we quantify the impact of climate change on PV potential over China based on high-resolution climate projections within the framework of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). Our results indicate that the annual mean PV power potential (PV
POT) over China would decrease by several percent relative to the reference period (1986–2005) under a warmer climate, with the most pronounced decrease over the Tibetan Plateau, which is currently the most solar-rich region in China. However, beyond changes in the mean climate state, we demonstrate a substantial increase in events of extreme low PV power outputs (i.e. those falling below the 10th percentile of the probability distribution of the daily PV
POT anomalies). For instance, the frequency of extreme low PV events is projected to reach nearly three times the reference period level over the Tibetan Plateau under the scenario of 3 °C global warming (similar to late-century warming projected based on current mitigation policies). Future changes in PV
POT are dominated by changes in surface solar irradiance, while the warming condition further exacerbates the decrease in PV
POT. Our results highlight that both the mean and extreme conditions of solar inputs should be considered simultaneously when assessing the impacts of climate change on PV power outputs.
Has China’s pilot emission trading system promoted technological progress in industrial subsectors?
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Liu Yu , Choi Yongrok , Yang Lingyu , Li Xinbei
Published: November 2022

Under the ‘dual carbon’ goal, the key to environmental-friendly economic development is to increase total factor productivity (TFP) in a greener way. However, as a key market-based emission reduction mechanism, the exploration related to whether the emission trading system (ETS) promotes green TFP (GTFP) is not deep enough, especially for secondary decomposition of this technical index and for specific industrial subsectors. In this study, combining biennial Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index with multi-period difference in differences model, we assess the technological progress of China’s pilot ETS dynamically. The results show that the pilot ETS promoted GTFP significantly in the industrial subsectors, by 8.5%. The technology change index increased by 17.5%, which is the key action path to increasing GTFP. Furtherly, the mechanism test confirms that the policy works mainly through innovation channel. This study implied that the governance toward carbon-zero economies could be accelerated much more effectively by technological innovation of green.
Marked rebound of agricultural fire emissions in Asia after the outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Liu Mingxu , Yao Huan , Matsui Hitoshi
Published: November 2022

East and South Asia are major hotspots of crop straw burning worldwide, with profound impacts on air quality and climate change. The Northeast China Plain (NECP) and Punjab, India, are two of the most fertile areas for crop production, which have large-scale agricultural fires during post-harvest seasons. Leveraging established fire-emission databases and satellite-retrieved agricultural fire spots, we show that, while the years 2018 and 2019 recorded low agricultural fire emissions in both the NECP and Punjab, probably due to the implementation of crop straw sustainable management, fire emissions markedly rebounded in 2020, reaching about 190% and 150% of 2019 levels, respectively. The COVID-19 lockdown measures somewhat disrupted eco-friendly crop straw management through restrictions on labor and transportation availability, such that farmers may have had to burn off crop wastes to clear up the land. We further demonstrate that the increased fire emissions in the NECP resulted in serious particulate matter pollution during the fire season in spring 2020, as opposed to considerable decreases in particles from fossil fuel emissions caused by the COVID-19 lockdown. This study suggests the unintended impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the agricultural sector and human health.
Semiclassical roots of universality in many-body quantum chaos
Authors: Richter Klaus , Diego Urbina Juan , Tomsovic Steven
Published: November 2022

Quantum chaos of many-body (MB) systems has been swiftly developing into a vibrant research area at the interface between various disciplines, ranging from statistical physics to condensed matter to quantum information and to cosmology. In quantum systems with a classical limit, advanced semiclassical methods provide the crucial link between classically chaotic dynamics and corresponding universal features at the quantum level. Recently, single-particle (SP) techniques dealing with ergodic wave interference in the usual semiclassical limit

ℏ
→
0

have begun to be transformed into the field theoretical domain of N-particle systems in the analogous semiclassical limit

ℏ

e
f
f

=
1

/

N
→
0

, thereby accounting for genuine MB quantum interference. This semiclassical MB theory provides a unified framework for understanding random-matrix correlations of both SP and MB quantum chaotic systems. Certain braided bundles of classical orbits, and of mean field modes, govern interference, respectively, and provide the key to the foundation of universality. Case studies presented include an MB version of Gutzwiller’s trace formula for the spectral density and out-of-time-order correlators along with brief remarks on where further progress may be forthcoming.