bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water: Drought, Crisis and Governance in Australia and Brazil
Authors: Sousa Júnior Wilson , Baldwin Claudia , Camkin Jeff , Fidelman Pedro , Silva Osman , Neto Susana , Smith Timothy
Published: October 2016

Despite huge differences in population, household income and development levels, Australia and Brazil have some temporal convergences in their water governance systems. Over the last 20 years, both countries have significantly reformed their water policies and practices by introducing a legal foundation for more integrated and participatory catchment/basin management based on the best information available. A critical test of any water reform is how effective it is in meeting the challenges of extreme and unpredictable conditions of drought and floods, which are expected to increase under climate changes scenarios. This paper compared the contemporary water governance frameworks of Australia and Brazil in relation to three elements of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM): integration, participation, and information/knowledge. We focused on insights from Brazil’s recent drought and Australia’s fluctuating water crises to derive lessons and recommendations for future changes. Among the main recommendations, we stress the need for both systems to improve effective participation and to embrace a more comprehensive approach to cope with water scarcity in future scenarios. Furthermore, water related decisions should be based on a transparent and well informed process, and take into account the lessons from similar situations worldwide in order to avoid unnecessary or ineffective measures. As demonstrated in the Australian case during the Millennium Drought, the most effective initiatives were those involving government, the private sector and society to achieve a more sustainable consumption pattern in all sectors. There is much to learn from the Brazilian and Australia experiences in water reforms and crises, but it is imperative to understand the social, economic and environmental context within which these took place. Continuing to develop the capacity and willingness of researchers and policy makers to work together can make an important contribution towards meeting the growing and spreading challenges in water resource management around the world.
Techniques used for the isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles: results of a worldwide survey
Authors: Gardiner Chris , Di Vizio Dolores , Sahoo Susmita , Théry Clotilde , Witwer Kenneth W. , Wauben Marca , Hill Andrew F.
Published: October 2016

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important mode of intercellular communication. Research in this field has grown rapidly in the last few years, and there is a plethora of techniques for the isolation and characterization of EVs, many of which are poorly standardized. EVs are heterogeneous in size, origin and molecular constituents, with considerable overlap in size and phenotype between different populations of EVs. Little is known about current practices for the isolation, purification and characterization of EVs. We report here the first large, detailed survey of current worldwide practices for the isolation and characterization of EVs. Conditioned cell culture media was the most widely used material (83%). Ultracentrifugation remains the most commonly used isolation method (81%) with 59% of respondents use a combination of methods. Only 9% of respondents used only 1 characterization method, with others using 2 or more methods. Sample volume, sample type and downstream application all influenced the isolation and characterization techniques employed.
FILTERING METEOROID FLIGHTS USING MULTIPLE UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTERS
Authors: Sansom E. K. , Bland P. A. , Rutten M. G. , Paxman J. , Towner M. C.
Published: October 2016

Estimator algorithms are immensely versatile and powerful tools that can be applied to any problem where a dynamic system can be modeled by a set of equations and where observations are available. A well designed estimator enables system states to be optimally predicted and errors to be rigorously quantified. Unscented Kalman filters (UKFs) and interactive multiple models can be found in methods from satellite tracking to self-driving cars. The luminous trajectory of the Bunburra Rockhole fireball was observed by the Desert Fireball Network in mid-2007. The recorded data set is used in this paper to examine the application of these two techniques as a viable approach to characterizing fireball dynamics. The nonlinear, single-body system of equations, used to model meteoroid entry through the atmosphere, is challenged by gross fragmentation events that may occur. The incorporation of the UKF within an interactive multiple model smoother provides a likely solution for when fragmentation events may occur as well as providing a statistical analysis of the state uncertainties. In addition to these benefits, another advantage of this approach is its automatability for use within an image processing pipeline to facilitate large fireball data analyses and meteorite recoveries.
HIGH-MASS STAR FORMATION TOWARD SOUTHERN INFRARED BUBBLE S10
Authors: Das Swagat Ranjan , Tej Anandmayee , Vig Sarita , Ghosh Swarna K. , Ishwara Chandra C. H.
Published: October 2016

An investigation in radio and infrared wavelengths of two high-mass star-forming regions toward the southern Galactic bubble S10 is presented here. The two regions under study are associated with the broken bubble S10 and Extended Green Object, G345.99-0.02, respectively. Radio continuum emission mapped at 610 and 1280 MHz using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, India, is detected toward both of the regions. These regions are estimated to be ionized by early-B- to late-O-type stars. Spitzer GLIMPSE mid-infrared data is used to identify young stellar objects (YSOs) associated with these regions. A Class-I/II-type source, with an estimated mass of 6.2 M
⊙, lies ∼7″ from the radio peak. Pixel-wise, modified blackbody fits to the thermal dust emission using Herschel far-infrared data is performed to construct dust temperature and column density maps. Eight clumps are detected in the two regions using the 250 μm image. The masses and linear diameter of these range between ∼300–1600 M
⊙ and 0.2–1.1 pc, respectively, which qualifies them as high-mass star-forming clumps. Modeling of the spectral energy distribution of these clumps indicates the presence of high luminosity, high accretion rate, massive YSOs possibly in the accelerating accretion phase. Furthermore, based on the radio and MIR morphology, the occurrence of a possible bow wave toward the likely ionizing star is explored.
X-RAY FLARING ACTIVITY OF MRK 421 IN THE FIRST HALF OF 2013
Authors: Kapanadze B. , Dorner D. , Vercellone S. , Romano P. , Aller H. , Aller M. , Hughes P. , Reynolds M. , Kapanadze S. , Tabagari L.
Published: October 2016

We present the results of the Swift and NuSTAR observations of the nearby BL Lac object Mrk 421 during 2013 January–June. The source exhibited a strong long-term variability in the 0.3–10 keV and 3–79 keV bands with the maximum-to-minimum daily-binned flux ratios of 22 and 95, respectively, in about 3 months, mainly due to unprecedented strong X-ray outbursts by more than an order of magnitude in both bands within 2 weeks in 2013 April when the 0.3–10 keV count rate exceeded the level of 200 cts s−1 for the first time, and Mrk 421 became one of the brightest sources in the X-ray sky. The source was also very active on intra-day timescales, and it showed flux doubling and halving timescales of 1.16–7.20 hr and 1.04–3.54 hr, respectively. On some occasions, the flux varied by 4%–23% within 300–840 s. During this period, the source also exhibited some of the most extreme X-ray spectral variability ever reported for BL Lacs—the location of the synchrotron spectral energy distribution peak shifted from a few eV to ∼10 keV, and the photon index at 1 keV and curvature parameter varied on timescales from a few weeks down to intervals shorter than 1 ks. MAGIC and First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope observations also revealed a very strong very high energy (VHE) flare during April 11–17. The UV and HE γ-ray flares were much weaker compared to their X-ray counterparts, and they generally showed significantly stronger correlation with each other than with the X-ray fluxes.
RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ISM GAS-PHASE METALLICITY IN CLASH CLUSTERS AT z ∼ 0.35: A NEW OUTLOOK ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON GALAXY EVOLUTION
Authors: Gupta Anshu , Yuan Tiantian , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Martizzi Davide , Taylor Philip , Kewley Lisa J.
Published: October 2016

We present the first observation of cluster-scale radial metallicity gradients from star-forming galaxies. We use DEIMOS on the Keck II telescope to observe two CLASH clusters at z ∼ 0.35: MACS J1115+0129 and RX J1532+3021. Based on our measured interstellar medium properties of star-forming galaxies out to a radius of 2.5 Mpc from the cluster center, we find that the galaxy metallicity decreases as a function of projected cluster-centric distance (−0.15 ± 0.08 dex/Mpc) in MACS 1115+01. On the mass–metallicity relation (MZR), star-forming galaxies in MACS J1115+01 are offset to higher metallicity (∼0.2 dex) than the local Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies at a fixed mass range. In contrast, the MZR of RX J1532+30 is consistent with the local comparison sample. RX J1532+30 exhibits a bimodal radial metallicity distribution, with one branch showing a similar negative gradient to MACS J1115+01 (−0.14 ± 0.05 dex/Mpc) and the other branch showing a positive radial gradient. The positive gradient branch in RX J1532+30 is likely caused by either interloper galaxies or an in-plane merger, indicating that cluster-scale abundance gradients probe cluster substructures and thus the dynamical state of a cluster. Most strikingly, we discover that neither the radial metallicity gradient nor the offset from the MZR is driven by the stellar mass. We compare our observations with Rhapsody-G cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations of relaxed galaxy clusters and find that the simulated galaxy cluster also exhibits a negative abundance gradient, albeit with a shallower slope (−0.04 ± 0.03 dex/Mpc). Our observations suggest that the negative radial gradient originates from ram pressure stripping and/or strangulation processes in the cluster environments.
GLOBAL ENERGETICS OF SOLAR FLARES. IV. CORONAL MASS EJECTION ENERGETICS
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J.
Published: October 2016

This study entails the fourth part of a global flare energetics project, in which the mass m
cme, kinetic energy E
kin, and the gravitational potential energy E
grav of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is measured in 399 M and X-class flare events observed during the first 3.5 years of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission, using a new method based on the EUV dimming effect. EUV dimming is modeled in terms of a radial adiabatic expansion process, which is fitted to the observed evolution of the total emission measure of the CME source region. The model derives the evolution of the mean electron density, the emission measure, the bulk plasma expansion velocity, the mass, and the energy in the CME source region. The EUV dimming method is truly complementary to the Thomson scattering method in white light, which probes the CME evolution in the heliosphere at r ≳ 2 R
⊙, while the EUV dimming method tracks the CME launch in the corona. We compare the CME parameters obtained in white light with the LASCO/C2 coronagraph with those obtained from EUV dimming with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the SDO for all identical events in both data sets. We investigate correlations between CME parameters, the relative timing with flare parameters, frequency occurrence distributions, and the energy partition between magnetic, thermal, nonthermal, and CME energies. CME energies are found to be systematically lower than the dissipated magnetic energies, which is consistent with a magnetic origin of CMEs.
FERMI/LAT STUDY OF GAMMA-RAY EMISSION IN THE DIRECTION OF THE MONOCEROS LOOP SUPERNOVA REMNANT
Authors: Katagiri H. , Sugiyama S. , Ackermann M. , Ballet J. , Casandjian J. M. , Hanabata Y. , Hewitt J. W. , Kerr M. , Kubo H. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , Ray P. S.
Published: October 2016

We present an analysis of the gamma-ray measurements by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope in the region of the supernova remnant (SNR) Monoceros Loop (G205.5+0.5). The brightest gamma-ray peak is spatially correlated with the Rosette Nebula, which is a molecular cloud complex adjacent to the southeast edge of the SNR. After subtraction of this emission by spatial modeling, the gamma-ray emission from the SNR emerges, which is extended and fit by a Gaussian spatial template. The gamma-ray spectra are significantly better reproduced by a curved shape than a simple power law. The luminosities between 0.2 and 300 GeV are

erg s−1 for the SNR and

erg s−1 for the Rosette Nebula, respectively. We argue that the gamma-rays likely originate from the interactions of particles accelerated in the SNR. The decay of neutral pions produced in nucleon–nucleon interactions of accelerated hadrons with interstellar gas provides a reasonable explanation for the gamma-ray emission of both the Rosette Nebula and the Monoceros SNR.
BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF THERMONUCLEAR REACTION RATES
Authors: Iliadis C. , Anderson K. S. , Coc A. , Timmes F. X. , Starrfield S.
Published: October 2016

The problem of estimating non-resonant astrophysical S-factors and thermonuclear reaction rates, based on measured nuclear cross sections, is of major interest for nuclear energy generation, neutrino physics, and element synthesis. Many different methods have been applied to this problem in the past, almost all of them based on traditional statistics. Bayesian methods, on the other hand, are now in widespread use in the physical sciences. In astronomy, for example, Bayesian statistics is applied to the observation of extrasolar planets, gravitational waves, and Type Ia supernovae. However, nuclear physics, in particular, has been slow to adopt Bayesian methods. We present astrophysical S-factors and reaction rates based on Bayesian statistics. We develop a framework that incorporates robust parameter estimation, systematic effects, and non-Gaussian uncertainties in a consistent manner. The method is applied to the reactions d(p,γ)3He, 3He(3He,2p)4He, and 3He(α,γ)7Be, important for deuterium burning, solar neutrinos, and Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
GLOBULAR CLUSTERS, ULTRACOMPACT DWARFS, AND DWARF GALAXIES IN ABELL 2744 AT A REDSHIFT OF 0.308
Authors: Lee Myung Gyoon , Jang In Sung
Published: October 2016

We report a photometric study of globular clusters (GCs), ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs), and dwarf galaxies in the giant merging galaxy cluster Abell 2744 at z = 0.308. Color–magnitude diagrams of the point sources derived from deep F814W (rest frame r′) and F105W (rest frame I) images of Abell 2744 in the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Field show a rich population of point sources, which have colors that are similar to those of typical GCs. These sources are as bright as

(26.0 < F814W(Vega) ≤ 29.5) mag, being mostly UCDs and bright GCs in Abell 2744. The luminosity function (LF) of these sources shows a break at

(F814W ≈ 28.0) mag, indicating a boundary between UCDs and bright GCs. The numbers of GCs and UCDs are estimated to be 1,711,640+589,760
−430,500 and 147 ± 26, respectively. The clustercentric radial number density profiles of the UCDs and bright GCs show similar slopes, but these profiles are much steeper than those of the dwarf galaxies and the mass density profile based on gravitational lensing analysis. We derive an LF of the red sequence galaxies for

mag. The faint end of this LF is fit well by a flat power law with

, showing no faint upturn. These results support the galaxy-origin scenario for bright UCDs: they are the nuclei of dwarf galaxies that are stripped when they pass close to the center of massive galaxies or a galaxy cluster, while some of the faint UCDs are at the bright end of the GCs.
GRAPHITE REVISITED
Authors: Draine B. T.
Published: October 2016

Laboratory measurements are used to constrain the dielectric tensor for graphite, from microwave to X-ray frequencies. The dielectric tensor is strongly anisotropic even at X-ray energies. The discrete dipole approximation is employed for accurate calculations of absorption and scattering by single-crystal graphite spheres and spheroids. For randomly oriented single-crystal grains, the so-called

approximation for calculating absorption and scattering cross sections is exact in the limit

and provides better than ∼10% accuracy in the optical and UV even when

is not small, but becomes increasingly inaccurate at infrared wavelengths, with errors as large as ∼40% at

. For turbostratic graphite grains, the Bruggeman and Maxwell Garnett treatments yield similar cross sections in the optical and ultraviolet, but diverge in the infrared, with predicted cross sections differing by over an order of magnitude in the far-infrared. It is argued that the Maxwell Garnett estimate is likely to be more realistic, and is recommended. The out-of-plane lattice resonance of graphite near 11.5 μm may be observable in absorption with the MIRI spectrograph on James Webb Space Telescope. Aligned graphite grains, if present in the interstellar medium, could produce polarized X-ray absorption and polarized X-ray scattering near the carbon K edge.
MC2: DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MERGING GALAXY CLUSTER MACS J1149.5+2223
Authors: Golovich Nathan , Dawson William A. , Wittman David , Ogrean Georgiana , Weeren Reinout van , Bonafede Annalisa
Published: October 2016

We present an analysis of the merging cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 using archival imaging from Subaru/Suprime-Cam and multi-object spectroscopy from Keck/DEIMOS and Gemini/GMOS. We employ two- and three-dimensional substructure tests and determine that MACS J1149.5+2223 is composed of two separate mergers among three subclusters occurring ∼1 Gyr apart. The primary merger gives rise to elongated X-ray morphology and a radio relic in the southeast. The brightest cluster galaxy is a member of the northern subcluster of the primary merger. This subcluster is very massive (

). The southern subcluster is also very massive (

), yet it lacks an associated X-ray surface brightness peak, and it has been unidentified previously despite the detailed study of this Frontier Field cluster. A secondary merger is occurring in the north along the line of sight (LOS) with a third, less massive subcluster (

). We perform a Monte Carlo dynamical analysis on the main merger and estimate a collision speed at pericenter of

km s−1. We show the merger to be returning from apocenter with core passage occurring

Gyr before the observed state. We identify the LOS merging subcluster in a strong lensing analysis in the literature and show that it is likely bound to MACS J1149 despite having reached an extreme collision velocity of ∼4000 km s−1.
DEEP OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF UNUSUAL NEUTRON STAR CALVERA WITH THE GTC∗
Authors: Shibanov Yury , Danilenko Andrey , Zharikov Sergey , Shternin Peter , Zyuzin Dima
Published: October 2016

Calvera is an unusual, isolated neutron star with a pure thermal X-ray spectrum typical of central compact objects in supernova remnants. On the other hand, its rotation period and spin-down rate are typical of ordinary rotation-powered pulsars. It was discovered and studied through X-rays, and has not yet been detected in other spectral domains. We present deep optical imaging of the Calvera field, obtained with the Gran Telescopio Canarias, in the

and

bands. Within the vicinity of

of Calvera, we detected two point-like objects that were invisible at previous shallow observations. However, accurate astrometry showed that neither of them can be identified with the pulsar. We put new upper limits of

and

on its optical brightness. We also reanalyzed all available archival X-ray data on Calvera. Comparison of the Calvera thermal emission parameters and upper limits on optical and non-thermal X-ray emission with respective data on rotation-powered pulsars shows that Calvera might belong to the class of ordinary middle-aged pulsars, if we assume that its distance is in the range of 1.5–5 kpc.
In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Biswal Indu , Gaind Rajni , Kumar Neeraj , Mohanty Srujana , Manchanda Vikas , Khunger Niti , V Ramesh , Deb Monorama
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Propionibacterium acnes has been implicated in the development of acne vulgaris. Rampant use of topical and systemic antibiotics for acne vulgaris has led to resistance due to selective pressure. This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance of P. acnes. Methodology: A total of 102 samples were collected from acne lesions and cultured onto sheep’s blood agar and brain-heart infusion agar supplemented with 5 g/L glucose and 2 mg/L furazolidone) (BHIg) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Species identification was done by conventional methods and the VITEK2 Compact system. The isolates were tested for penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, nadifloxacin, and tetracycline by E-test, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of minocycline was determined by agar dilution on BHIg. MIC results were interpreted as per EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) and CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines. Results: P. acnes was the most common anaerobe (66%) isolated. Resistance rates using EUCAST and CLSI breakpoints were 10.6% and 6.1%, 7.6% and 0%, 7.8% and 0% for erythromycin, clindamycin, and minocycline, respectively. Tetracycline resistance was observed in 9.2% isolates irrespective of the interpretative criteria used. MIC50 and MIC90 values for nadifloxacin (0.25 and 1 µg/mL) were found to be twofold lower than those for ciprofloxacin (0.5 and 1 µg/mL). Similarly, MIC50 and MIC90 values for minocycline (0.125 and 0.5 µg/mL) were also two- to threefold lower than those for tetracycline (0.38 and 1 µg/mL). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on P. acnes resistance from India.
Impact of colistin-initiation delay on mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by A. baumannii
Authors: Samrah Shaher , Bashtawi Yazan , Hayajneh Wail , Almomani Basima , Momany Suleiman , Khader Yousef
Published: October 2016

Introduction: There has been increased incidence and high mortality in cases with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by colistin-only-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (COS-AB). Colistin has emerged as a therapeutic option for VAP caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms including COS-AB. A retrospective study was conducted to examine the impact of early versus late initiation of colistin on 30-day mortality of critically ill patients with VAP caused by COS-AB. Methodology: Critically ill patients with VAP caused by COS-AB who received colistin were enrolled. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the temporal breakpoint that maximized the difference in 30-day mortality. Results: A total of 56 patients (34 men and 22 women) were included in the study. About 86% of all cases were late-onset VAP. The 30-day mortality was 46.4%. The rate was higher among patients with admission Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score > 18 and patients with a delay of more than four days in initiating colistin treatment. The mortality rate was 26.9% among patients with treatment delay of four or fewer days and 63.3% for patients with a treatment delay of more than four days. Conclusions: A delay of four days or more in initiating colistin in patients with VAP caused by COS-AB significantly increases mortality. Colistin should be considered in the empirical protocols in late-onset VAP cases when COS-AB is highly suspected.
Prevalence and predictors of hepatitis B in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia: a population-based seroprevalence study
Authors: Al-Raddadi Rajaa M , Dashash Noha A , Alghamdi Hani A , Alzahrani Hanan S , Alsahafi Abdullah J , Algarni Abdullah M , AlRaddadi Zeyad M , Alghamdi Majed M , Hakim Raghad F , Al-Zalabani Abdulmohsen Hamdan
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Despite solid preventive strategies to reduce the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, recent reports about its prevalence and predictors are lacking in several Saudi cities at the community level. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HBV and to identify the most important predictors among the Saudi population in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5,584 Saudi people attending primary health-care centers in Jeddah city during 2012/2013. Sociodemographic and hepatitis-related data were collected. HBV was diagnosed by ELISA test. The seroprevalence of HBV was estimated, and appropriate statistical analyses were performed, including univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Results: The seroprevalence of HBV was 2.2% (95% CI = 1.82–2.58) in the studied participants. The prevalence was higher among non-governmental workers (3.5%), male participants (3.4%) and those aged ≥ 25 years (2.4%). The most important predictors for increasing the risk of HBV in this study were HBV contacts, male sex, history of dental procedures and blood transfusion. The significant positive risks associated with these predictors were 3.3, 2.5, 2.0 and 1.65, respectively. HBV vaccination, on the other hand, was associated with a significant risk reduction of 88% (OR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.03–0.51). Conclusions: The seroprevalence of HBV was relatively low among the Saudi population in Jeddah city reflecting the actions taken by health authorities to control HBV infection. However, more efforts, particularly in relation to health education programmes, strict control of blood banks and dental clinics, are still needed.
Risk factors for hospital infections caused by carbapanem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Djordjevic Zorana M , Folic Marko M , Folic Nevena D , Gajovic Nevena , Gajovic Olgica , Jankovic Slobodan M
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of major causative agents of severe, life-threatening hospital infections (HIs), especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Our aim was to discover the risk factors associated with the emergence of HIs caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), as well as those associated with death in patients who suffer from such infections. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted over a five-year period in the medical-surgical ICU of the Clinical Centre in Kragujevac, Serbia. The study group comprised patients who had HIs caused by CRAB, while the control group comprised patients infected with carbapenem-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii. Results: In total, 137 patients developed HIs caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. The mean age of the patients was 59.65 ± 16.08 years, and 99 (72.26%) of them were males. In 95 patients (69.35%), the infection was caused by CRAB. There were six independent risk factors for CRAB infections: use of mechanical ventilation, previous stay in another department, stay in ICU for more than a month, and previous use of carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and metronidazole. Three independent risk factors were found for death in patients with HIs caused by CRAB: use of mechanical ventilation, previous stay in another department, and previous use of carbapenems. Conclusions: The results of this study can be helpful when identifying patients with risk of HIs caused by CRAB and in planning preventive measures. Modification of known risk factors and appropriate institutional policy of antibiotic utilization are important measures that may decrease the incidence and mortality of such infections.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium high-resolution typing by core genome multilocus sequence typing
Authors: Santona Antonella , Taviani Elisa , Deligios Massimo , Al-Qahtani Ahmed A. , Al-Ahdal Mohammed N. , Rubino Salvatore , Paglietti Bianca
Published: October 2016

This item has no abstract. Follow the links below to access the full text.
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy and Hydrodissection in Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Subcapsular Leiomyosarcoma Metastasis Adjacent to the Gallbladder: Protective Effect.
Authors: Azevedo André Arantes Pereira de , Falsarella Priscila Mina , Rocha Rafael Dahmer , Junior Antí´nio Rahal , Garcia Rodrigo Gobbo
Published: October 2016

Uterine leiomyosarcoma is an uncommon pathology, predominantly found in aged population. Patients with metastatic disease have poor survival and therapy mainly consists of palliative systemic chemotherapy. However, more aggressive strategies such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may benefit patients with limited secondary disease. RFA is considered a simple and safe modality for treatment of hepatic lesions. The benefits related to RFA include low morbidity, short hospital stay and the possibility to repeat the procedure when necessary due to recurrences. However, minor and major complications related to mechanical and thermal damage may occur, especially in cases of tumors adjacent to extrahepatic organs and those at subcapsular position. This case report shows a successful RFA of two hepatic subcapsular leiomyosarcoma metastases neighbouring the gallbladder, without a safe cleavage plane from it. Combined hydrodissection, percutaneous cholecystostomy and continuous irrigation were performed as effective techniques to prevent thermal injury. Clinical and radiological follow up demonstrates no local complication.
La religión en la cultura castreña: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Llinares García Mar
Published: October 2016

La cultura castreña es una cultura del área noroeste de la península Ibérica que se desarrolla en la Edad del Hierro y se mantiene parcialmente en época romana. La religión de esta cultura ha sido estudiada a través de los datos arqueológicos y epigráfi cos y mediante los textos clásicos de los historiadores griegos y romanos. No hay textos ni inscripciones en las lenguas propias de estas culturas, ni tampoco tradiciones míticas iconográfi cas en la cerámica y la escultura de estos pueblos, y consecuentemente las reconstrucciones históricas de los ritos y los mitos de sus religiones solo pueden ser fragmentarias y han estado muy condicionadas por los presupuestos metodológicos de los historiadores y los arqueólogos. El artículo ofrece una síntesis de todos estos estudios que pueden servir como guía para investigaciones futuras.

[gl] A cultura castrexa é unha cultura da área noroeste da península Ibérica que se desenvolve na Idade do Ferro e se mantén parcialmente en época romana. A relixión desta cultura ten sido estudada a partir dos datos arqueolóxicos e epigráfi cos, e mediante os textos clásicos dos historiadores gregos e romanos. Non hai textos nin inscripcións na lingua ou linguas propias desta cultura, nin tampouco tradicións miticas iconográfi cas na cerámica e a escultura destes pobos, así que as reconstruccións históricas dos ritos e mitos da sua relixión só poden ser fragmentarias e estiveron moi condicionadas polos presupostos metodolóxicos de historiadpres e arqueólogos. Este artigo ofrece unha síntese que pode servir como guía para futuras investigacións.
Os synodi suevo-católicos: implicacións político-administrativas dunha bipartición metropolitana
Authors: Fernández Calo Martín
Published: October 2016

Como parte de un interés más amplio por reconocer la ordenación institucional galaica de época suevo-católica, el presente artículo analiza la singular institución de los synodi, dos circunscripciones que dividieron la provincia eclesiática de la Gallaecia durante la segunda mitad del siglo VI. A través de la documentación eclesiástica que los atestigua, se muestra su correspondencia metropolitana. Se incardinan los synodi en su contexto histórico, junto con otras modificaciones de la articulación metropolitana en determinadas iglesias provinciales y regionales, y se demuestra la constante influencia en ellas de un determinante factor político. Se sintetiza la valoración historiográfica de los synodi, que ha eludido en gran medida este factor. Evaluando finalmente en profundidad su influencia para el caso concreto de los synodi suevo-católicos, se identifican múltiples implicaciones político-administrativas subyacentes en los mismos.

[gl] Como parte dun interese máis amplo por enxergar o ordenamento institucional galaico de época suevo-católica, o presente artigo analiza a senlleira institución dos synodi, dúas circunscricións que dividiron a provincia eclesiástica da Gallaecia na segunda metade do século VI. A través da documentación eclesiástica que os testemuña, amósase a súa correspondencia metropolitana. Incardínanse os synodi no seu contexto histórico, canda outras modificacións do ordenamento metropolitano en determinadas igrexas provinciais e rexionais, e demóstrase a constante influencia nelas dun determinante factor político. Sintetízase a valoración historiográfi ca dos synodi, que en grande medida eludiu este factor. Avaliando finalmente en fondura a súa influencia para o caso concreto dos synodi suevo-católicos, identifícanse múltiples implicacións político-administrativas subxacentes nos mesmos.
La Emblemata de Alciato y el programa iconográfico de la capilla mayor de Santa Baia de Banga (O Carballiño, Ourense)
Authors: López  Vázquez José Manuel B.
Published: October 2016

La iglesia de Santa Baia de Banga, O Carballiño (Ourense) es un caso singular ya que tiene la bóveda de su capilla mayor decorada con emblemas inspirados en la Emblemata de Alciato, los cuales fueron cristianamente moralizados, conformando un relato sacro, acorde al decoro de su ubicación. En el presente estudio trataré de reconstruir “la prueba perdida” de su programa iconográfico, para lo que utilizaré las pistas que el propio autor del programa dejó para su interpretación reproduciendo los versículos de los profetas Jeremías, Isaías, Miqueas y Nahúm, en los que se sustancia un mensaje clave de la catequesis cristiana: aquellos que viven en el pecado serán castigados indefectiblemente, aunque podrán salvarse, merced a la misericordia de Dios, si se arrepienten y vuelven a él. Por el contrario, si persisten en su actitud, padecerán castigo eterno.

[gl] A igrexa de Santa Baia de Banga, O Carballiño (Ourense) é un caso singular xa que ten a bóveda da súa capela maior decorada con emblemas inspirados na Emblemata de Alciato, que foron cristiamente moralizados, conformando un relato sacro, acorde ao decoro da súa localización. No presente estudio tratarei de reconstruír “a proba perdida” do seu programa iconográfico, para o que utilizarei as pistas que o propio autor do programa deixou para a súa interpretación nos versículos que reproduce dos profetas Xeremías, Isaías, Miqueas y Nahúm, nos que se sustancia unha mensaxe clave da catequeses cristián: aqueles que viven no pecado serán castigados irremediablemente, aínda que poderán salvarse, grazas á misericordia de Deus, si se arrepinten e tornan a el. Pola contra, si persisten na súa actitude, sufrirán castigo eterno.
A Network Topology Control Algorithm Based on Mobile Nodes
Authors: Wu Huarui , Zhu Li
Published: October 2016

Topology control is of great significance to reduce energy consumption of wireless sensor network nodes and prolong network lifetime. Different tasks taken by nodes may lead to node failures and fractures of data transmission links, hence undermining the overall network performance. In response to such problems, this paper presents a network topology control algorithm based on mobile nodes that fully considers node energy, node degree and network connectivity. Furthermore, a topology control model is established to analyze weak network topology areas and carry out local topology refactoring. Finally, a simulation experiment demonstrates that the presented algorithm is advantageous in balanced network energy consumption and network connectivity.
Personalized Recommendation System Based on WSN
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Xu Gongwen , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Yongkang
Published: October 2016

Aiming at the limitation of the traditional user modeling technology in the personalized recommendation system, a new user modeling method based on wireless sensor network and ontology technology is introduced in this paper. In order to retrieve the tourist attractions conforming to the users' needs from a large amount of the tourist information, a personalized recommendation model based on the ontology technology and travel information is designed in this paper. Absorbing the context awareness research achievement, combining with the mobile Internet context sensitive features, the personalized recommendation algorithm based on ontology is discussed. The application research of the ontology technology applying in collaborative filtering recommendation system is analyzed deeply, and then the personalized and visual information push service delivery for users is realized. The experimental results show that the proposed WsnTRS recommendation system has a higher prediction accuracy comparing with the existing similar algorithms.
Who are the Specialists? Teaching and Learning Specialised Language in French Educational Contexts
Authors: Whyte Shona
Published: October 2016

This paper focuses on specialisation in language teaching and research in French educational settings by comparing and contrasting objects and goals of language education, scholarship and research, and approaches to language and content across modern foreign languages (MFL) scholars, applied linguists working in languages for specific purposes (LSP), and second language acquisition (SLA) researchers. It examines research domains, language teaching and learning, and language teacher education in French secondary and higher education contexts, and draws on this theoretical and pedagogical background to identify three intersections among MFL, LSP and SLA. These intersections involve the role of second language research in teacher preparation, tasks in language teaching methodology, and intercultural dimensions of language education. They correspond to common ground shared by the three approaches to language education and constitute promising areas for the development of LSP teaching and research.
Les enjeux de l’enseignement de l’anglais médical : visée académique, visée professionnelle et besoins du terrain
Authors: Carnet Anaïs
Published: October 2016

Le Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche régit les études de médecine en France et stipule la nécessité pour les étudiants de médecine de bénéficier d’un apprentissage de langue vivante tout en cloisonnant les apprentissages entre formation théorique et formation pratique. Cet article s’inscrit dans une démarche de réflexion didactique portant sur l’enseignement de l’anglais en faculté de médecine ; son objectif est de tenter de définir les enjeux qui découlent de cet enseignement. L’enseignement d’une langue vivante en milieu universitaire implique une analyse des besoins qui doit prendre en compte la visée académique et la visée professionnelle, le tout permettant à l’enseignant de répondre aux besoins réels des futurs professionnels qu’il forme.
L’autonomie comme facteur déterminant dans la réussite d’un enseignement Lansad en sciences historiques
Authors: Toffoli Denyze , Speranza Lauren
Published: October 2016

Eu égard de la demande d'une professionnalisation croissante des étudiants apprenant l'anglais, l’étude présentée a voulu analyser les effets d'une pédagogie de projet auto-dirigée en tant que moyen d'intégration de la langue de spécialité (LSP) pour un public Lansad. Cet article fait état d’une recherche-action dont l'objectif était de s'appuyer sur différents vecteurs de l'autonomie pour s'approcher de la langue de spécialité dans deux cours d’anglais, de niveau licence, en faculté des sciences historiques à l'université de Strasbourg. Les résultats, bien que s'appuyant exclusivement sur les représentations des étudiants et de leur enseignante, indiquent une évolution dans les apprentissages langagiers, notamment en termes de production communicative, de contenus spécialisés (LSP) liés au domaine d'études des étudiants, de leur autonomie langagière et de leur autonomie d'apprentissage.
Langue de spécialité et contenu disciplinaire dans les cours d'anglais en faculté de droit : quelques réflexions sur nos pratiques
Authors: Clément Guillaume , Thomas Guillaume
Published: October 2016

Cet article vise à entreprendre un état des lieux de l’enseignement en anglais dans les facultés de droit en France en partant de l’exemple des cours dispensés en Licence dans les universités de Rennes 1 et de Lyon 3. Après avoir évoqué les principaux enjeux de l’élaboration de cours d’anglais destinés à de futurs juristes, notamment la place à accorder au contenu disciplinaire, les auteurs présentent les programmes et les modalités d’enseignement dans les deux facultés comparées. Les similitudes observées témoignent d’une conscience croissante de la nécessité d’adapter l’enseignement de la langue aux communautés professionnelles dans lesquelles les étudiants seront amenés à évoluer, conformément à ce que préconisent les spécialistes de l’anglais de spécialité. Cet article montre également que les modalités d’enseignement varient sensiblement d'une faculté à l'autre, ce que les auteurs attribuent au fait que les choix pédagogiques sont étroitement liés au contexte socio-économique propre à chaque université.
L’apprentissage par problèmes : une méthode active d’enseignement des langues étrangères pour spécialistes d’autres disciplines
Authors: Tano Marcelo
Published: October 2016

Les méthodes actives (MA) se présentent comme une évolution actuellement perceptible en éducation, secteur dans lequel des courants convergent vers l’apparition d’un nouveau paradigme dans les pratiques pédagogiques où les visions du modèle conventionnel sont remplacées par celles d’un modèle émergent. Ces méthodes sont particulièrement adaptées pour proposer des activités interactives dans l’enseignement des langues pour spécialistes d’autres disciplines (Lansad). Mais il en existe une qui, bien qu’adaptée aux exigences d’apprentissage du milieu universitaire, n’est pas encore très implémentée. Il s’agit de l’enseignement des langues étrangères basé sur la résolution de problèmes connu sous le nom d’apprentissage par problèmes (APP). Les enseignants du secteur Lansad connaissent-ils cette méthode ? L’appliquent-ils ? Si oui, sous quelles conditions de mise en œuvre ? Cette contribution répondra, entre autres, à ces questions en fournissant des renseignements qualitatifs et quantitatifs issus d’une enquête ad hoc. Ces informations permettront de constater le niveau d’utilisation des MA dans l’enseignement des langues dans l’enseignement supérieur et d’analyser les exigences pratiques qui peuvent faciliter ou entraver la mise en place de l’APP dans les cours.
New Tools for Online Academic Dissemination
Authors: Mendez Margarita Cabrera , Lloret-Romero Nuria , Díez-Somavilla Rebeca
Published: October 2016

Many researchers are uncomfortable with the idea of promoting themselves or their work, but it is as important to report on it as it is to do it, no one will know about your latest work unless you tell them about it. It is very important to be able to describe what you are good at and what you are best at, not just to let others talk about you. As a career researcher, it is absolutely essential to promote yourself. In addition to your Google profile and your Google Scholar profile you are strongly advised to have your own web page or blog, where you can post your work history, latest developments, report on goals, projects, news and a lot more. Why wait until someone else talks about your news if you can do it yourself? In this chapter we offer an overview of new digital tools that can help to improve your online academic reputation.
Academic Community Manager
Authors: Espinoza Ariana Daniela Del Pino
Published: October 2016

The Academic environment is changing, especially with the nominated web 2.0 and science 2.0. The increase in new academic social network used for researchers to publicize their knowledge, research and contributions in science, can not take lightly. For this and everything that comes with being a researcher, the academic community manager comes to manage the social networks and academic social network, care workflow, generate networking and disseminate results, among others. Increasingly universities seeking to spread the results generated by their students, teachers, masters, doctors or research groups. This research is intended to show the important role that will have the academic community manager inside the group of researchers.
Utilising Content Marketing Metrics and Social Networks for Academic Visibility
Authors: Camilleri Mark Anthony
Published: October 2016

There are numerous assumptions on research evaluation in terms of quality and relevance of academic contributions. Researchers are becoming increasingly acquainted with bibliometric indicators, including; citation analysis, impact factor, h-index, webometrics and academic social networking sites. In this light, this chapter presents a review of these concepts as it considers relevant theoretical underpinnings that are related to the content marketing of scholars. Therefore, this contribution critically evaluates previous papers that revolve on the subject of academic reputation as it deliberates on the individual researchers' personal branding. It also explains how metrics are currently being used to rank the academic standing of journals as well as higher educational institutions. In a nutshell, this chapter implies that the scholarly impact depends on a number of factors including accessibility of publications, peer review of academic work as well as social networking among scholars.
The Effects of Prudential Supervision on Bank Resiliency and Profits in a Multi-Agent Setting
Authors: Monahov Alexandru
Published: October 2016

This chapter utilizes multi-agent modeling to study the effects of prudential supervision on bank resiliency and profitability within a simulated environment of persistent crisis conditions. It focuses on the stabilizing effect of prudential supervision introduced alongside three “traditional” regulatory instruments: a norm, a market-based CDS insurance mechanism and a tax in the form of a bail-in instrument. The results show that: (1) supervision enhances the regulatory instruments' efficiency, (2) the regulatory norm can postpone the bank's default, but not avoid it, (3) the CDS mechanism only produces positive results on resiliency and profitability if the regulator supervises, and (4) the tax bail-in instrument is the most powerful tool in the regulator's arsenal as it potentiates profitable bank operation under long-lasting crisis conditions.
Export-Led Recovery in Portugal
Authors: Carvalho Gonçalo , Simões Marta , Duarte António Portugal
Published: October 2016

The recent expansion of Portuguese exports can not only promote post crisis recovery but also accelerate economic growth if the theoretical predictions on the relationship between exports and growth are correct. The export-led growth hypothesis advocates that export expansion is key in promoting long run performance. However, controversies remain on the causal relationship between the variables. We investigate this nexus for Portugal over the period 1970-2012 by estimating a bivariate VAR model with output and exports and applying cointegration, Granger causality and impulse response analysis. The results show a long-run equilibrium relationship between exports and output supporting the export-led-growth hypothesis. We also investigated the growth impact of exports of manufactured and non-manufactured products. The findings point to the existence of a positive impact of manufactured exports on output and a “limiting” effect of non-manufactured exports supporting in this way the view that what a country exports matters for growth.