bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONGENITAL ARTERIO-VENOUS MALFORMATION OF OPTIC NERVE HEAD- A RARE CASE
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Tinna Ankuj , Ambiya Vikas , Singh Atul K , Waghray Ritesh
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Retinal arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) are rare, congenital, high-flow congenital developmental vascular anomalies without intervening capillary bed also known as racemose angioma, They are unilateral, nonhereditary lesions located anywhere in retina and may involve optic nerve.

Case report: A 55 year old male was found to have abnormal congenital arterio-venous malformation over optic nerve head in his left eye, as an incidental clinical finding. He had reported for his routine fundus examination due to diabetes. He had no other relevant systemic findings. Further follow up was advised to see the progression of the lesion and structural damage to optic nerve.

Discussion: The typical clinical picture, fluorescein angiogram findings, normal MRI brain and orbits, and normal base line blood investigations all points in favour of a congenital arterio-venous malformation.

Conclusion:  Arterio- venous malformations of Optic nerve head are very rare to find as compared to retinal malformations. This is the first such case report from India.
Prevalence of Advanced Diabetic Eye Disease among diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Y Ksheeraja , M Ramya
Published: July 2023

Introduction:To analyze the  Prevalence of advanced diabetic eye disease(ADED) among diabetic patients

Methods:This was a  prospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 1650 patients with a history of type 2 diabetes who visited ophthalmology department were enrolled in study. History regarding  socioeconomic status, literacy level, duration of diabetes, comorbidities, medications, HbA1c levels were analyzed. Visual acuity,Slit-lamp, fundus examination were done.Medical/surgical intervention was done to restore vision.

Results: A total of  1650 patients with a history of type 2 diabetes were analyzed. Among them 327 patients had fundus changes of diabetic retinopathy, hence the prevalence of DR among diabetics was 19.81%. Out of 327 patients, 53 patients had advanced diabetic eye disease and the prevalence of ADED among Diabetics was 3.20%. The mean age of the patients was 50.91+/- 9.06years.There were 42 (79.24%)males and 11 (20.7%)females.24 (45.28%)patients had vision of 6/6 - 6/60, 28 (52.83%|) patients had vision 5/60-CFCF.15(28.30%) patients had PDR with vitreous hemorrhage.12 patients (22.64%) had PDR with subhyaloid hemorrhage,11 patients (20.75%) had PDR with FVP sparing macula,13 patients(24.52%) had PDR with FVP involving the macula,2 patients(3.77 %) had  PDR with Neovascular glaucoma.34 patients (64.15%) underwent PRP,19 patients (35.84 %) needed surgical intervention.

Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients was 19.81%. The prevalence of Advanced Diabetic Eye Disease among diabetic patients was 3.2%. Hence Effective implementation of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies has the potential to significantly reduce blindness due to DR.
RETINAL IMPAIRMENT ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM USE OF RITONAVIR AMONG HIV PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FOR PRIMARY EYE CARE PRACTICE
Authors: Karunia Zakirunallah - , Alberta Ivana Beatrice , Rahmani Salsha Alyfa
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Ritonavir as part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a potent inhibitor of HIV protease that have been reported causing retinal impairment in the long term use. Primary eye care (PEC) is an integral part of primary health care that provides an early screening for drug induced retinal toxicity, by using a funduscopy examination. This study proposed to review and analyze some case reports conducted on long-term use of ritonavir that affects retinal impairment among HIV patients, in primary eye care practice.

Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were used to perform a systematic review of retinal impairment associated with long-term use of ritonavir among HIV patients. Using PRISMA 2020 Guidelines, nine case reports and one case series were included in this review.

Result: Funduscopy mainly showed bilateral Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) atrophy with hypertrophy or mottling. Two cases found bilateral crystalline deposits with pigment disruption. One case showed rounded hypopigmented lesion. Bilateral subtle annular pattern of RPE was found in one case. Bilateral retinitis pigmentosa-like appearance found in one case while another found unilateral hyperemic lesion at the left fovea.

Conclusion: Retinal impairment detected on funduscopy occurred in HIV patients on long-term use of ritonavir.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DURATION OF SILICONE OIL TAMPONADE AND RETINAL REDETACHMENT AFTER SILICONE OIL REMOVAL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Victor Andi Arus , Sapuandi Enzo , Pranata Raymond
Published: July 2023

Background: Silicone oil (SO) removal following vitrectomy and injection of silicone oil may cause retinal redetachments (re-RD), with duration of tamponade being considered as the risk factor. So, we wanted to evaluate the duration of silicone oil tamponade as a risk factor of retinal redetachments after silicone oil removal.

Result: Ten studies comprising of 2120 eyes were included in this review. Pooled analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the re-RD group and the non-re-RD group in terms of SO duration (mean difference -1.87 months; 95% CI, -3.87 to 0.13; p=0.07; I2=53.1%). The re-RD rate did not differ between the shorter and longer duration of SO tamponade (OR=1.44; 95% CI, 0.54 to 3.82; p=0.47; I2: 63.3%).

Conclusion: The duration of SO tamponade was not associated with re-RD after SO removal.
CLINICAL PROFILE AND VISUAL OUTCOME AFTER ERM REMOVAL- AN EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE REFERRAL CENTER IN NORTH INDIA
Authors: Var Shabnum Nabi , Handoo Perveiz Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Introduction: ERM is a cellular proliferation on the inner retinal surface and possesses contractile properties which leads to variable visual symptoms.

Method: Thirty-four patients affected with epiretinal membrane were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent standard three port pars plana vitrectomy using standard 23-gauge instruments. Both ERM and ILM peels were performed in a circumferential pattern around the fovea. Patients were followed for 6 months. The visual outcome measures included postoperative logMAR visual acuity. The anatomical outcome was measured as decrease in foveal thickness on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Perioperative factors including duration of symptoms, preoperative visual acuity, etiology, membrane type and leakage on fundus fluorescein angiogram were correlated with the final visual outcomes.

Results: The mean age of the patients in this study was 60.25  17.5 years with a range of 16 to 80 years. 19 patients (56%) were males. 33 patients had a unilateral ERM and 1 patient had an ERM in both eyes. Diminution of vision was the most common symptom in 34 patients, distortion of vision (metamorphopsia) was seen in 20 (58.8%) patients. The mean pre-operative log MAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.4±0.77 and the mean post-operative log MAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.9 ±0.63. Out of 34 patients in our study, 31 (91.2%) had improvement in VA, and the remaining 3 (8.82%) patients had no improvement and none of the patients had decreased vision. 16 patients had ≥2 lines of improvement in visual acuity. 15 patients had less than 2 lines of improvement.

Conclusion: ERMs pose a significant risk to compromise the vision and affect varied age groups. ERM removal through standard three port pars plana vitrectomy offers an effective and safe procedure with better post operative visual outcomes.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VITRECTOMY PATIENTS IN THE CASE OF RHEGMATOGEN RETINA DETACHMENT IN PROF DR R D KANDOU CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, MANADO
Authors: Nursalim Ade John , Sumual Vera , Sumanti Eugeni Jumilia Rachel , Rumampuk Irene , Komaling Christian Maramis , Loho Stevanus J
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachmet (RRD) is an ophthalmology urgency that can cause blindness if treated late. Incidence of RRD has increasing overtime. We describe the clinical characteristics of vitrectomy patients in RRD cases at prof dr R D Kandou hospital, north Sulawesi Province, Manado City, Indonesia.

Method

The study was conducted based on a retrospective search on the medical record data of 72 RRD patients who underwent vitrectomy in the period June 2018-2020.

result

The most gender was male as many as 43 patients (59.70%), the most age were in the 51-60 years range as many as 33 patients (45.83%), the eyes affected by RRD were mostly right eyes as many as 41 patients (56, 9%), the location of the break was mostly in the superotemporal area as many as 28 (38.9%), the status of the macula was mostly macular off as many as 44 patients (61.10%), the anesthesia used was local anesthesia in 69 patients (95.80 %), the time taken for the procedure was more than 1 month for all patients.

conclusion

The clinical characteristics of RRD patients at Prof dr R D Kandou Hospital are in line with trends in several places in the world. Time to do vitrectomy need to be evaluated and corrected to improve visual prognosis.
MANAGEMENT OF LARGE IDIOPATHIC MACULAR HOLE WITH PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AND MODIFIED MINIMAL ILM PEELING WITH SUPERIOR ILM FLAP
Authors: Syakirah Fatimah , Amin Ramzi , Ansyori Abdul Karim
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Idiopathic macular hole is an anatomic discontinuity of the neurosensory retina in the center of the macula or fovea resulted from tractional forces on the foveola at the vitreoretinal interface not associated with other causes. Diagnosis and management of this condition requires expertise, skills, and specialized examination to detect changes in the retina which is important for deciding the appropriate management.

Case Report: We report a case of 66-year-old man with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) in the right eye with initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 20/1200. Fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed the presence of large full thickness macular hole with mean linear diameter 673 µm and posterior hyaloid still attached to the optic nerve. The patient was managed with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery using modified minimal internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with superior ILM flap and SF6 gas tamponade. Two weeks after surgery OCT showed closure of the macular hole. BCVA at two and four weeks after surgery improved to 20/240 and 20/200 respectively.

Discussion: PPV with ILM peeling is one of the standardized procedures in IMH surgery. Failure of the vitrectomy surgery to close the macular hole or late reopening of initially successfully closed holes may occur without removal of the ILM due to ILM role as a scaffold for cellular proliferation or attachment of contractile tissue that may cause persistent vitreomacular traction. Variations of ILM peeling such as inverted ILM peeling has been used to improve closure rate for large IMH and has showed favorable results both anatomically and functionally. Nowadays, to avoid or minimize the damage of retinal microstructure by ILM peeling, some surgeons introduced new techniques aiming to preserve the ILM for IMH. Minimal ILM peeling with superior ILM flap technique in this case was done to obtain MH closure with less microstructural retinal abnormalities and better visual outcomes.

Conclusion The management of large IMH with PPV and modified minimal ILM peeling with superior ILM flap in this case showed good results in terms of anatomic and functional outcomes.
CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN A CASE OF CHORIORETINAL COLOBOMA TREATED WITH INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VEGF INJECTONS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Simanjuntak Dicky Budiman , Victor Andi Arus , Andayani Gitalisa
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Chorioretinal coloboma (CRC) results from abnormal closure of the embryonic fissure. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a rare complication that associated with coloboma of the choroid. VEGF is an important factor in the development of CNV.

Case Report: A 52-year-old woman with gradual blurred vision of the left eye since 4 months ago. Right eye was already blurred since she was a child with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.5/60. Her right iris showed coloboma in inferior and chorioretinal coloboma. UCVA of the left eye was 6/20. Her left iris showed inferior coloboma, chorioretinal coloboma and macular edema with soft drusen. Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed macular subretinal fluid, and indicated a CNV lesion of the left eye. She underwent a loading dose of three monthly intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections (bevacizumab) for the left eye. One month after completion of treatment, UCVA of the left eye improved to 6/12.

Discussion: CNV is a complication associated with CRC. Intravitreal Anti-VEGF treatment using loading dose regimen is shown to be effective in treating CNV. One month after completion of treatment, UCVA of the left eye improved.

Conclusion: Chorioretinal coloboma is a rare posterior segment congenital anomaly. Classical, bilateral coloboma of the choroid and iris indicates a deformation of the choroidal fissure closure. Coloboma of the choroid can have a complication such as choroidal neovascularization. Treatment with a loading dose of three monthly intravitreal anti-VEGF injections showed good anatomical and functional results.
Comparison of Amplitude and Implicit Time Between Jet Electrode, Dencott Electrode and Dawson-Trick-Litzkow Electrode in Multifocal Electroretinography Examination in Adult
Authors: Nusanti Syntia , Susanti Ika Citra , Sidik M. , Kekalih Aria
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Multifocal electroretinography (ERG) is an examination which measures retinal electrical activity as a response to lighting stimulus and allows simultaneous recording in many topographic locations. Various electrodes have been developed to balance examination accuracy and also patients’ comfort. The objective of this study is to establish normal values of multifocal ERG and to compare the values and the comfort level using Jet, Dencott and DTL electrode in Indonesian Adult.

Methods: Through convenient sampling 49 normal Indonesian subjects between 19 and 49 years old were selected. Multifocal ERG amplitudes and implicit time values were measured according to recommendation by the ISCEV. Evaluation consisted of N1 and P1 wave in ring 1 to 5. after the examination, all subjects filled in a questionnaire about comfort level, adopted from the visual analog scale.

Result: We observed a statistically significant difference in multifocal ERG normal values between electrode with higher wave amplitudes and longer implicit time in Jet and Dencott electrodes compared to DTL electrodes. Jet and DTL electrodes are more comfortable than Dencott electrodes for Indonesian adults in multifocal ERG.

Conclusion: DTL electrodes give the lowest wave amplitude and the shortest implicit time and are the most comfortable electrode compared to Jet and Dencott electrodes, in multifocal ERG in Indonesian adults.
Macular Edema as Unusual Presentation of Non-Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION)
Authors: Pintary Marsha Rayfa , Djatikusumo Ari , Dewiputri Salmarezka , Nusanti Syntia , Sidik Mohamad
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Non-arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy is the most common type of ischemic optic neuropathy. Nearly half of NAION patients presented with 20/30 or better visual acuity. Central vision is often preserved relative to the visual field loss. Macular edema in NAION patient is rare, and its occurrence may confuse to other disease and lead to unnecessary treatment.

Case Report: We identified three NAION patients presented with macular edema. The patients' age was above 40 and had diabetes mellitus (DM). Our patients had clinical findings consistent with NAION with poor visual acuity at the early presentation. Optical coherence tomography examination was performed, and all patients had prominent subretinal fluid. Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection was done on our first patient and no treatment was given to our second and third patient. All patients showed a significant improvement of macular edema.

Discussion: Macular edema is a rare clinical manifestation that may contribute a visual deterioration in NAION. The incidence of macular edema in NAION patients is difficult to measure since OCT of macula is not routinely performed. In our report, we encountered three cases of NAION complicated by macular edema that underwent a different approach in therapy. Spontaneous regression of subretinal fluid was seen during observation without any treatment given. Our patients achieved a stable visual acuity and visual field defect. This finding is under the literature that spontaneous recovery will be observed during the natural course of acute NAION.

Conclusion: Macular edema is an unusual but self-limiting presentation of NAION. Therefore, a comprehensive examination is needed to prevent any unnecessary treatment.
DIAGNOSING VON HIPPEL LINDAU DISEASE BY RETINAL CAPILLARY HAEMANGIOBLASTOMAS
Authors: Mandrasari Yurike , Vierlia Wino Vrieda , Yudistira Andhika , Dewi Nadia Artha
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is a disease characterized by the formation of tumors or cysts in many different parts of the body caused by germline. The prevalence of this autosomal dominant condition is very rare. Understanding of clinical manifestasion and diagnostic criteria is needed.

Case Report: Female, 22-year-old was reffered from orthopaedic department suffered from blurred and misalignment of the left eye since 3 months ago . Based on indirect funduscopy examination, we found  disc swelling with exudative retinal detachment on her left eye and orange-reddish retinal mass concluded as Retinal Capillary Hemangioblastoma (RCH) with tortuosity and dilatation of blood vessel on her right eye. The MRI showed multiple masses in cervical to lumbar vertebrae and multiple cyst on pancreatic gland.

Discussion: This patient had 1 ocular RCH, multiple spinal tumor and multiple pancreatic cysts with no confirmed family history, therefore almost fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of VHL. To further confirm the diagnosis, it was necessary to find other common comorbids of VHL such as gene testing of VHL heterozygous germline mutation. Interdisciplinary approach consists of not only diagnostic and treatment plans from one speciality department, but also the ones from other related divisions and departments.

Conclusion: Screening and interdiciplinary approach in managing Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome are required to be performed promptly.
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES AFTER ANTI-VEGF TREATMENT FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Permaisuari Nizma , Barliana Julie Dewi
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants who have undergone intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), either as monotherapy or in combination with laser therapy, for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Secondary, efficacy of anti-VEGF was also evaluated.

Methods: Literature search was conducted using 7 online databases (CENTRAL, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, EBSCO, ProQuest, and JSTOR). Studies were selected based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes were neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), severe NDI (sNDI), neurodevelopmental scores, and cerebral palsy (CP) incidence. Secondary outcomes included impairment and severe impairment of each domain (motor, cognitive, and language) and retreatment of ROP.

Result: Seventeen studies were included. Random-effects model meta-analysis showed no differences were observed between anti-VEGF compared to control group in NDI (unadjusted odds ratio (uOR) 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85 to 1.94), sNDI (uOR 1.33; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.93), and CP outcomes . Meta-analysis showed insignificant result with lower overall scores, motor, cognitive, and language domains associated with anti-VEGF treatment. Secondary outcomes showed inferior cognitive impairment (OR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.92) and higher retreatment rate (OR 47.55; 95% CI: 12.35 to 183.09) in anti-VEGF group.

Conclusion: There were no differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes between anti-VEGF and control group. Despite not causing any adverse neurodevelopmental effect, clinicians should carefully weigh the benefits and risks of anti-VEGF injection for treating infants with ROP, since it has higher retreatment rate.
IS 360° INTRAOPERATIVE LASER RETINOPEXY AFTER PRIMARY PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY WORTHWHILE TO PREVENT RECURRENT RETINAL DETACHMENT?
Authors: Maslik Marouane , Abaaqil Younes , Belghmaidi Sarah , Hajji Ibtissam , Moutaouakil Abdeljalil
Published: July 2023

Introduction: To determine if performing 360° laser retinopexy anterior to the equator during surgery is a viable option to prevent recurrent retinal detachment following a primary pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods: A consecutive case series of 142 patients with retinal detachment who underwent vitrectomy by a single surgeon in Mohammed VI university hospital Marrakech hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. A comparison was made between a group of consecutive patients who underwent 360° laser retinopexy and a control group of patients who did not receive the treatment (39). Patient demographic and clinical information was gathered from medical records. Both groups were analyzed and compared in terms of baseline characteristics and the risk of recurrent retinal detachment over time.

Result: Prophylactic intraoperative 360° laser treatment was performed on 103 RRD cases (52 years) and compared to a control group of 39 RRD cases (56.8 years). The rate of the incidence of recurrent retinal detachment at six months after surgery was 12.6%( 13/103 eyes) in the 360° laser group and 28.2%(11/ 39 eyes) in the control group.

Conclusion: Intraoperative 360° laser retinopexy performed after primary pars plana vitrectomy led to a substantial decrease in the rate of recurrent retinal detachment post-surgery.
POST-EVACUATION OF SILICONE OIL COMPLICATIONS IN RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AT TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN BALI, INDONESIA
Authors: Andayani Ari , Wibawa I Made Dwi Surya , Suryathi Ni Made Ari , Triningrat Anak Agung Mas Putrawati , Manuaba Ida Bagus Putra
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil injection has become a standard procedure to treat retinal detachment with complex cases. Considerations related to the use of silicone oil are the need for additional surgical procedures to remove silicone oil after the retinal condition is declared stable or because emulsification of silicone oil has occurred.

Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected retrospectively by collecting medical records of patients who underwent silicone oil evacuation in 2021.

Result: The research subjects were 23 people, where 52.2% of the subjects were women with a median age of 51 years. Most of the subjects (65.2%) had no complications, with the most complications occurring were secondary glaucoma (13%) and redetached retina (13%). There was no statistically significant difference between visual acuity before and after the evacuation of silicone oil with a P value of 0.202 and there was no statistically significant difference between IOP before and after evacuation of silicone oil with a P value of 0.132.

Conclusion: Evacuation of silicone oil is a follow-up action after PPV with SO tamponade. Complications which may arise are detach dan glaucoma. There was no significant difference in visual acuity and IOP before and after SO evacuation.
DAPSONE-INDUCED TOXIC MACULOPATHY IN LEPROSY PATIENT
Authors: Ayuningtyas Sita Paramita , Djatikusumo Ari , Nusanti Syntia , Dewiputri Salmarezka , Sidik Mohamad
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Dapsone has been widely used as a part of multidrug therapy for leprosy patients. Ocular side effects are rare. Ocular toxicity manifestations include retinal necrosis, optic atrophy, macular infarction, bilateral exudative retinal detachment, and choroidal detachment. We reported a rare case of dapsone-induced toxic maculopathy in a leprosy patient. Case Report: A 32-year-old male complained of blurred vision and a gray spot in central vision in the left eye (LE) for one month prior to admission. He had been treated with multidrug therapy (MDT) for leprosy for seven months. The MDT consists of dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampicin. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the right eye (RE) and the LE were 6/6 and 6/12, respectively. A funduscopy of the LE showed decreased macular reflex. A color vision defect following the tritan axis was found in the LE. The Humphrey visual field (HVF) test of the LE revealed a central scotoma. Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed intraretinal hyperreflectivity and subretinal fluid. Dapsone was then stopped in collaboration with a dermatologist. Two months after the discontinuation of Dapsone, the BCVA of the LE improved to 6/7.5, then 6/6 three months later. Color vision, macular OCT, and HVF tests revealed improvements. Multifocal ERG of both eyes (BE) also showed improvement in N1 and P1 wave amplitude in both eyes on 9-month follow-up after dapsone discontinuation. Discussion: Instead of direct drug toxicity, the mechanism of ocular side effects is thought to be ischemia caused by two distinct mechanisms. Macular ischemia is caused by acute, severe peripheral hypoxia and the physical effect of red cell fragmentation due to the hemolytic process. After discontinuation of dapsone, this case showed improvement in visual function and macular structure. Conclusion: Toxic maculopathy may be present in leprosy patients receiving dapsone treatment, although it is uncommon. Regular follow-up and evaluation of visual function and macular involvement are essential. Early detection of dapsone-induced toxic maculopathy and prompt discontinuation of dapsone may result in an improvement of visual functions.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (PDR) PATIENTS WITH VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE AT CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO HOSPITAL
Authors: Ali Reyno Satria , Victor Andi Arus , Djatikusumo Ari , Andayani Gitalisa , Yudanta Anggun Rama , Hutapea Mario Marbungaran
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Proliferative Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in adults. In the management of vitreous hemorrhage, vitrectomy is the main choice and also laser photocoagulation with or without anti-VEGF administration as additional therapy. This study aims to determine the number of patients, demographic characteristics, clinics, risk factors, distribution of treatment, and treatment outcomes for PDR patients with vitreous hemorrhage at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Methods: This study was retrospective descriptive study conducted from January 2020 to October 2022 who met the inclusion criteria. Population in this study were patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital with PDR accompanied by vitreous hemorrhage. Data shown in the table were mean (standard deviation) and number (percentage) based on the type of the data.

Result: A total of 146 patients with the diagnosis of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) with vitreous hemorrhage. Majority of subjects were men (60,9%), diagnosed with DM more than 10 years (63,0%) with another systemic risk factor. The most common clinical characteristics found visual acuity at the initial visit <3/60 (80,8%), diagnosed phakia (78,9%), retinal detachment (85,3%), grade 2 vitreous hemorrhage (80,8%). The majority of eyes underwent vitrectomy (90,44%), Anti-VEGF injections (22,92%), Laser PRP (11,46 %), Phacoemulsification pre and post- vitrectomy as adjuvant treatment. The condition of the vitreous was clear after vitrectomy (99,1%). Mean visual acuity before vitrectomy is 2.10 (1.80 – 2.50), while mean visual acuity after vitctomy was 1.00 (1.30 – 2.40), with a difference in initial and final visual acuity of -0.10 (-0.50 – 0.60).

Conclusion: Majority of study subjects were men with an age range of 25-77 years. Vitrectomy as the main treatment combined with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF, laser PRP as adjuvant treatment. In nearly all cases, vitreous hemorrhage was clear after vitrectomy treatment. Visual acuity after vitrectomy shows progress even though in some cases there was no improvement.
Od Redakcji
Authors: Burkiewicz Łukasz
Published: July 2023

W 2022 r. przypadała 800. rocznica utworzenia Uniwersytetu w Padwie, uczelni, którą od początku istnienia chętnie wybierali Polacy jako miejsce swojej edukacji, a która była jednym z najznakomitszych ośrodków intelektualnych Europy doby humanizmu. Od wielu lat polscy badacze zwracają uwagę na znaczenie padewskiej uczelni dla naszego kraju, jego kultury, nauki i wszechstronnego rozwoju. W jej murach wykształciły się elity polskie XV, XVI i początku XVII stulecia, m.in. Paweł Włodkowic, Mikołaj Kopernik, Jan Kochanowski i Jan Zamoyski, ale to tylko niektóre z licznych polskich nazwisk związanych z padewską uczelnią. W związku z istotnym znaczeniem „Padewczyków” dla kultury polskiej postanowiliśmy dział tematyczny niniejszego numeru „Perspektyw Kultury” poświęcić klasycznym inspiracjom i kulturowym aspiracjom promotorów kultury polskiej w Padwie oraz oddać go pod redakcję prof. dr. hab. Mirosława Lenarta i dr. Sławomira Marchela z Uniwersytetu Opolskiego. Swoje słowo wstępu w numerze zamieścił również Jego Magni­ficencja Ojciec Rektor Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie, ks. dr hab. Tomasz Homa SJ, prof. AIK.
Dalla redazione
Authors: Burkiewicz Łukasz
Published: July 2023

Nel 2022 è ricorso l’ottocentesimo anniversario dalla fondazione dell’Uni­versità di Padova, ateneo che fin dall’inizio della sua esistenza è stato volentieri scelto dai Polacchi come luogo della loro formazione e che è stato uno dei più eminenti centri intellettuali dell’Europa nell’epoca dell’Umanesimo. Da molti anni gli studiosi polacchi rivolgono la loro attenzione all’importanza dell’università padovana per il nostro paese, per la sua cultura, per la sua scienza e per il suo universale sviluppo. Tra le sue mura si sono formate le élite polacche del XV, del XVI e dell’inizio del XVII secolo, tra gli altri Paweł Włodkowic, Niccolò Copernico, Jan Kochanowski e Jan Zamoyski, solo alcuni tra i numerosi cognomi polacchi legati all’università padovana. In relazione all’importante significato dei “Padovani” per la cultura polacca abbiamo deciso di dedicare una sezione tematica del presente numero di Prospettive sulla cultura alle ispirazioni classiche e alle aspirazioni culturali dei promotori della cultura polacca a Padova e di affidarlo alla redazione del Professor Mirosław Lenart e del Dottor Sławomir Marchel dell’Università di Opole. Nell’introduzione al numero vi è inoltre la parola del Magnifico Rettore dell’Accademia Ignatianum di Cracovia, il Padre Gesuita, Professor Tomasz Homa.
Padova e i Polacchi
Authors: Homa Tomasz , Burkiewicz Łukasz
Published: July 2023

Padova è per i Polacchi un luogo di straordinaria importanza sulla mappa dell’Italia. Fin quasi dall’inizio dell’esistenza dell’università padovana, venivano a studiare in questa città giovani da tutta Europa e i Polacchi, subito dopo gli scolari provenienti dai paesi di lingua italiana e tedesca, erano la terza più numerosa nazione presente in questa celebre università. Vale la pena ricordare che a Padova studiarono, tra gli altri, Paweł Włodkowic, Niccolò Copernico, Maciej Miechowita, Klemens Janicki, Łukasz Górnicki, Jan Kochanowski e Jan Zamoyski, quest’ultimo prima studente e poi rettore dell’università negli anni 1563–1564. Il fondamentale ruolo di questa università è stato sottolineato dalle parole dell’eminente storico polacco Henryk Barycz, il quale ha scritto che l’antica presenza della nazione polacca presso l’Università di Padova è una delle più perfette e uniche testimonianze della storia della vita intellettuale polacca nel tardo Rinascimento e nel Barocco. Bisogna qui ricordare che nella lingua polacca, dal XVI secolo, esisteva la definizione “Padovano”, riferita ad un uomo che si distingueva per l’alta cultura intellettuale.
Antica tradizione, leggenda medievale e gloria del nome Polacco nella prima età moderna
Authors: Buszewicz Elwira
Published: July 2023

Lo scopo principale dell’articolo è quello di analizzare il discorso latino pubblicato a Padova nel 1642 e pronunciato davanti alla solenne assemblea della nazione polacca presso l’Università di Padova, nella chiesa di Sant’Antonio da Padova, il 7 maggio dell’anno precedente. L’autore del testo fu Stanisław Temberski, canonico e professore all’Università Jagellonica. L’autore dell’articolo presenta brevemente la sua biografia e la sua opera letteraria, quindi analizza il discorso. Evitando valutazioni di carattere letterario del lavoro in quanto tale cerca di presentare le idee in esso contenute e di mostrare come la cultura umanistica caratteristica della prima età moderna permetta all’autore di costruire formule e immagini eloquenti che glorificano il nome della sua patria lodando la gloria del suo santo. La lode della Polonia è inestricabilmente legata alla lode del suo patrono, San Stanislao, vescovo e martire. Nell’orazione di Temberski la tradizione antica e medioevale, la leggenda agio­grafica sono intrecciate e tutto è elaborato secondo la mentalità dell’autore e i concetti della retorica seicentesca. Il santo martire viene paragonato ad Ercole e il malvagio tiranno responsabile della sua morte viene ritratto come uno strumento di Satana, percepito come “Cerbero infernale”. L’uso che Temberski fa delle sue doti retoriche a fini propagandistici è degno di nota: da un lato manifesta la sua cultura umanistica e si presenta come cittadino della Respublica litteraria, dall’altro, inscrive lo Stato polacco nella lunga tradizione della Respublica Christiana. In questo contesto, mette in evidenza che un Paese che produce uomini così pii ed eroici come il santo vescovo è degno di apprezzamento tra le nazioni d’Europa.
Il panegiristico ‘arco trionfale’ di Jan Zamoyski quale immagine speculare del modello classico del ‘vir bonus’
Authors: Kucharczyk Olga
Published: July 2023

L’“Arco trionfale” inciso da Giacomo Lauro intorno al 1601–1603 è forse l’incisione dell’epoca più distinguibile associata a Jan Zamoyski (1542–1605), che presenta un’immagine del Cancelliere e Gran Etmano della Corona. Riferimenti all’incisione sono apparsi in quasi tutti gli studi dedicati all’arte moderna polacca, nei testi sul mecenatismo artistico del grande Cancelliere e negli studi sull’arte nei contesti della politica, della propaganda e della glorificazione. Nella maggior parte dei casi, un’analisi del concetto è stata superficiale, benché la lastra di rame presenti profondi contenuti, fino ad oggi tuttavia rimasti ignorati. Il suo programma iconografico estremamente erudito dovrebbe essere interpretato attraverso il prisma della cultura antica e della filosofia morale del ciceronismo, dell’aristotelismo o dell’interpretazione didattica e morale di Platone ed Isocrate. Nell’incisione possiamo trovare numerosi motivi che si riferiscono all’educazione morale civica basata sulla regola della virtù stoica, la necessità di esercitarsi nel servizio e nella difesa della patria, la dottrina della “guerra giusta” così come l’antico topos del pax et bellum. Sono inoltre evidenti nell’immagine gli elementi dell’etica, della scienza dello stato e della tradizione polacca della teoria giuridica. L’arco trionfale di Jan Zamoyski costituisce uno specchio parenetico della sua vita e delle sue virtù come “Cittadino esemplare” ed “ideale servo della stato”, semplicemente vir bonus.
Cultural, Class, or Scientific Aspirations?
Authors: Marchel Sławomir
Published: July 2023

Among the students of medicine in Padua from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in XVII and XVIII centuries, we can note a certain number of Jews. This article contains a short analysis of so far findings in the area of research on this aspect of Jewish history in the First Republic of Poland. Referring to more and less known facts, the Author paid particular attention to the motivations and aspirations of Jewish scholars who had come to City of Antenor from Polish-Lithuanian land. Following the careers of Jewish medical graduates, we can see, that for most of them having a Padua diploma was not only the way to gain a better status in the Jewish community but also a gateway to overcoming cultural barriers. According to the Author, this was possible due to the fact, that many of the representatives of polish nobility, who were called “Paduans,” had similar experiences of contact with the university environment and the culture of the Venetian Republic.
Le visite a Padova di Waleria Tarnowska
Authors: Zych Tadeusz
Published: July 2023

Nel 1803–1804 Waleria Tarnowska, nata Stroynowska, e suo marito Jan Feliks Tarnowski, viaggiarono attraverso l’Italia. Lo scopo del viaggio era quello di acquistare opere d’arte, che sarebbero dovute diventare la base per la creazione di una collezione nella loro dimora familiare di Dzików. Durante il viaggio, la coppia visitò le più importanti città, incontrando gli scienziati più in vista e artisti. Visitarono inoltre due volte Padova, con i suoi importanti monumenti. Tuttavia, fu la famosa università a impressionarli maggiormente. Parlarono con i professori del tempo e visitarono l’orto botanico dell’università. Durante il soggiorno, durante il quale acquistarono numerosi dipinti e sculture, Waleria Tarnowska tenne un giornale, conservato sino ad oggi, il quale testimonia delle sue impressioni ed emozioni.
Evangelization and Formation of Readers of the Niedziela Catholic Weekly in Its Local Edition: Niedziela. Kościół nad Odrą i Bałtykiem (2016–2020)
Authors: Maciaszek Paweł
Published: July 2023

The text is a result of a research project titled “The significance of parish-distributed press for the evangelization and formation activities of the Szczecin-Kamień Church (2016–2020).” The project was realized by members of the Department of Media Evangelism of the Institute of Journalism as part of the basic statutory activity of the Faculty of Philosophy of the Jesuit University Ignatianum in Cracow. Indicating the need for this research, it is worth noting that already several years ago, the Archdiocesan Archives in Szczecin planned a pastoral study on the topic of “Libraries and parish press in the Szczecin‑Kamień Archdiocese,” which was not implemented.

The purpose of this study is to find an answer to the question of whether evangelization and formation of the Niedziela Catholic weekly readers is carried out through the message. The presentation of the 2016–2020 editions of the Szczecin-Kamień Niedziela delivers a positive answer: yes, by learning the thoughts and facts provided, the faithful of the archdiocese were able to engage more consciously and with greater commitment in the works of evangelization and formation that applied to them. The first part of the study is an explanation of what evangelization and formation activities that are mandatory for Catholics consist of and the necessity of using the means of social communication to carry out these activities. The second part describes content filling the eight pages of the weekly message addressed to the Roman Catholic Church on the Oder and Baltic were filled. The message included the teaching of the diocesan bishop, descriptions of the ways in which the faithful engage liturgically, accounts of archdiocesan and parish activities, in addition to the social teaching of August Cardinal Hlond and Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński. The third part of the article juxtaposes elements that make up evangelization and formation activities with content directed to Catholics in the weekly paper distributed in parishes. In this way, it was shown that each reader could not only witness the process of evangelization and formation taking place in the Szczecin-Kamień Archdiocese, but also get involved in it.
Oficjalność i potoczność w języku homilii Jana Pawła II podczas I i II pielgrzymki do Polski
Authors: Jankosz Magdalena
Published: July 2023

Homilia to gatunek wypowiedzi, który realizowany jest w odmianie mówionej języka. Dla tego rodzaju języka typowe są dwa style: styl oficjalny i styl potoczny. Celem artykułu będzie odnalezienie elementów tych stylów w homiliach wygłoszonych przez Jana Pawła II podczas I i II pielgrzymki do Polski. Pytania badawcze brzmią: Czy Jan Paweł II w tych homiliach wykorzystywał zarówno styl potoczny, jak i oficjalny? Jakie cechy stylu oficjalnego, a jakie – potocznego można odnaleźć w tych wystąpieniach? Na czym polegają podobieństwa? Z czego mogły wnikać ewentualne różnice? Materiał badawczy stanowi 12 homilii z I pielgrzymki oraz 9 homilii z II pielgrzymki. Metodą badawczą jest analiza lingwistyczna.
Report on the scientific conference
Authors: Marchel Sławomir
Published: July 2023

The eight-hundredth anniversary of the founding of the University of Padua (1222–2022) provided an opportunity for many modern European nations to recall the presence of their representatives among the students of the Athenaeum, counted among the oldest and most distinguished, its contribution to the development of science and culture, and the importance that education in the city of Antenor had on the course of the careers of the graduates of the Gymnasium Patavinum.
Rights of Nations
Authors: Burkiewicz Łukasz
Published: July 2023

This issue of the journal is related to the contemporary topical issue of the rights of peoples in the era of cultural interaction. The assembly and editing of texts related to the aforementioned issues was undertaken by Professor of the Jagiellonian University, Leszek Korporowicz, PhD, a long-time collaborator of the Jesuit University Ignatianum in Cracow, including in the Social Dictionaries project, where, together with Dr. Łukasz Burkiewicz and Dr. Agnieszka Knap-Stefaniuk, he became co-editor of the Studia kulturowe collection (Krakow 2022). The leading issue in this journal will be presented in an introduction prepared by Prof. Korporowicz. I would like to mention that in this section there are seventeen texts written by authors from various scientific centers in Poland.
Prawa wspólnot w dobie wirtualnej interakcji kultur
Authors: Jaskuła Sylwia
Published: July 2023

Współczesny świat dzięki rozwojowi technologii został poszerzony o wymiar wirtualny, który wchodząc w relacje z wymiarem klasycznym, wygenerował rzeczywistość hybrydalną. Rozszerzenie rzeczywistości o wymiar wirtualny stworzyło nową przestrzeń formułowania i istnienia wspólnot, a nawet powstawania swoistych quasi-wspólnot, o odmiennych cechach i płynnej formie. Nie wyklucza to wspólnot, które powstają i są obecne w świecie hybrydalnym, a więc takich, które istnieją jednocześnie zarówno w przestrzeni realnej, jak i wirtualnej. We współczesnych rozważaniach zagadnienie przenoszenia wspólnot z realności do wirtualności i odwrotnie nie może być pomijane, bowiem coraz trudniej interpretować fenomeny kultury społeczeństw cywilizacji medialnej.

Powstanie nowej rozszerzonej rzeczywistości wytwarza potrzebę zmiany rozumienia i interpretacji procesów, które stymulują transgresje działań ludzkich. Ich konsekwencją są wytwory, które przekraczają obecne granice przestrzeni realnej, a zasięgiem i oddziaływaniem wykraczają również poza świat wirtualny. Nowa przestrzeń stworzyła odmienne, niespotykane dotąd konteksty działania człowieka. Problem praw kulturowych wspólnot ludzkich w rzeczywistości poszerzonej, o nowych regułach interakcji, nie zatraca, a nawet eksponuje swoje znaczenie ze względu na bardziej różnorodne formy komunikowania, tworzenia i doświadczania tożsamości oraz konieczność bardziej refleksyjnego, symbolicznie ukrytego definiowania swoich wartości.
Contemporary Ukrainian Visual Culture on the Way to the International Cultural Space
Authors: Bakirov Vil , Petrenko Dmytrii
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the visual culture of Ukraine since independence. It pays special attention to the trends and phenomena of contemporary Ukrainian visual culture that have entered the context of world culture through recognition on international cultural platforms (competitions, festivals, biennials, etc.). The considerations concern the development of various trends in contemporary Ukrainian art, which use various artistic media: photography, installation, performance and film. In particular, Ukrainian conceptual photography was the most interestingly represented by several generations of photographers of the Kharkiv School, who combined radical bodily imagery and social criticism. The Ukrainian installation is represented by the works of artists of the REP (Revolutionary Experimental Space) group, which is focused on the unity of art and politics and considers artistic creation as a political act. An interesting sub-direction of the installation is the video installation, which delivers an original combination of contemporary Ukrainian artists with site-specific art and artistic means of reflecting on the traumas inflicted on Ukrainian society by the war. The article pays special attention to the development of contemporary Ukrainian cinema. The author demonstrates the connection between the work of contemporary Ukrainian filmmakers and the traditions of Ukrainian poetic cinema. In addition, other trends in Ukrainian cinema are identified: the experimental search for a new film language, the development of documentary cinema, on top of the convergence of fiction and non-fiction artistic languages in the work of contemporary Ukrainian filmmakers. The dominant issues of contemporary Ukrainian films selected for screening at leading European film festivals are identified: inclusiveness, reflection on Ukrainian history, war trauma, psychological rehabilitation of combatants, etc.
Ukraina we współczesnych rosyjskich projektach imperialnych
Authors: Dudek Andrzej
Published: July 2023

Artykuł analizuje projekty odtworzenia/ zbudowania imperium, lansowane przez współczesne władze Federacji Rosyjskiej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem miejsca Ukrainy w tych zamysłach. W tekście zwrócono uwagę na widoczne w działaniach władz rosyjskich inspiracje ideologią nacjonalistyczną i imperialną – zwłaszcza w wariancie eurazjatyckim. Przywoływane są przykłady ujęć proponowanych przez Iwana Iljina, Lwa Gumilowa, Aleksandra Dugina i ich echa w wystąpieniach prezydenta Putina. Idąc śladem wspomnianych trzech ideologów, władze Federacji Rosyjskiej traktują Ukrainę jako niezbędny strukturalny element odtwarzanego imperium eurazjatyckiego, podkreślając historyczną jedność narodu ukraińskiego i rosyjskiego oraz negując prawo Ukrainy do samostanowienia o własnej drodze rozwoju cywilizacyjnego. Ten rodzaj oficjalnego przekazu legł u podstaw propagandowego uzasadniania inwazji Federacji Rosyjskiej na Ukrainę 24 lutego 2022 r. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na rolę Rosyjskiej Cerkwi Prawosławnej we wspieraniu decyzji władz rosyjskich o rozpoczęciu wojny na Ukrainie oraz na postawę społeczeństwa rosyjskiego w tej kwestii.
Prawa kulturowe w konstytucjach kantonalnych oraz konstytucji związkowej Konfederacji Szwajcarskiej
Authors: Porębski Andrzej
Published: July 2023

Celem tego artykułu jest skonfrontowanie elementów praw kulturowych zawartych w konstytucji Konfederacji Szwajcarskiej oraz w konstytucjach 26 kantonów tworzących to państwo, z kodyfikacją praw kulturowych zebranych w tzw. Deklaracji Fryburskiej z 2007 r. Chociaż niektóre prawa kulturowe znajdują się we wspomnianych konstytucjach, to raczej w formie fragmentarycznej i rozproszonej. Z drugiej strony poziom realizacji praw kulturowych w Szwajcarii jest bardzo wysoki. Uwrażliwienie na różnorodność, szacunek dla odmienności, ponoszenie trudu kształtowania swojej tożsamości czy poznawania innych kultur – to wartości, które dojrzewają długo i nie da się ich zadekretować.