bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Samarium-153 Oxide Nanoparticles Functionalized with iPSMA-Bombesin Heterodimeric Peptide
Authors: Trujillo-Benítez D. , Ferro-Flores G. , Morales-Avila E. , Jiménez-Mancilla N. , Ancira-Cortez A. , Ocampo-García B. , Santos-Cuevas C. , Escudero-Castellanos A. , Luna-Gutiérrez M. , Azorín-Vega E.
Published: September 2020

Developments in the design of lanthanide oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have unleashed a wide variety of biomedical applications. Several types of hepatic cancer cells overexpress two proteins: the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr), which specifically recognizes the bombesin (BN)
peptide, and the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which specifically binds to several peptides that inhibit its activity (iPSMA). This research synthesized and physicochemically characterized Sm2O3 nanoparticles functionalized with the iPSMA-BN heterodimeric
peptide and studied the effects on their structural, biochemical and preclinical properties after activation by neutron irradiation for possible use in molecular dual-targeted radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. The Sm2O3 NPs were synthesized by the precipitation-calcination
method and functionalized with iPSMA-BN peptide using the DOTA macrocycle as a linking agent. Analysis of physicochemical characterization via TEM, EDS, XRD, UV-Vis, FT-IR, DSL, and zeta potential results showed the formation of Sm2O3-iPSMA-BN NPs (94.23 ± 5.98
nm), and their physicochemical properties were not affected after neutron activation. The nanosystem showed a high affinity with respect to PSMA and GRPr in HepG2 cells ( Kd = 6.6 ± 1.6 nM) and GRPr in PC3 cells ( Kd = 10.6 ± 1.9 nM). 153Sm2O3-iPSMA-BN
NPs exhibited radioluminescent properties, making possible in vivo optical imaging of their biodistribution in mice. The results obtained from this research support further preclinical studies designed to evaluate the dosimetry and therapeutic efficacy of 153Sm2O3-iPSMA-BN
nanoparticles for in vivo imaging and molecular dual-targeted radiotherapy of liver tumors overexpressing PSMA and/or GRPr proteins.
Anticancer Efficacy of Oral Docetaxel Nanoformulation for Metronomic Chemotherapy in Metastatic Lung Cancer
Authors: Le Sophia , Chang Chun-Mien , Nguyen Tina , Liu Yuzhou , Chen Yu-An , Hernandez Elizabeth , Kapur Payal , Hsieh Jer-Tsong , Johnston Keith , Dong Xiaowei
Published: September 2020

Metronomic chemotherapy, giving low doses of chemotherapeutics (e.g., docetaxel) on a frequent schedule over a long time, may improve outcomes and reduce side effects for cancer patients. Oral medications are vital for applying metronomic chemotherapy. However, low solubility, low absorption,
low drug availability in the targeted tissue, and side effects limit the development of oral chemotherapeutics. Many chemotherapeutics are intravenously delivered. In this work, we developed a new docetaxel granule that produces docetaxel-loaded in situ self-assembled nanoparticle (180
nm) upon contact with water. The process of manufacturing docetaxel granules is scalable in industrial settings. The lung selectivity of docetaxel granule was observed in animals. The mechanistic studies demonstrated the nanoparticle bound with red blood cells, which selectively delivers docetaxel
to the lungs. Finally, docetaxel granule (5 mg/kg twice per week) can profoundly inhibit the tumor growth of lung-metastatic cancer xenograft model over 24 days. The material-based lungselective oral nanoformulation provides an opportunity for conventionally intravenous chemotherapy drugs
to be easily applied in oral administration for metronomic chemotherapy for cancer patients with lung cancers.
Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Reduces Sperm Concentration Involving Disorder of Meiosis and Signal Pathway
Authors: Hong Fashui , Li Wuyan , Ji Jianhui , Ze Xiao , Diao Enjie
Published: September 2020

Nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has been widely used in food and cosmetic industries, and the medical sector. However, nano-TiO2 is potentially toxic to the reproductive system. Previous research has shown that nano-TiO2 can reduce sperm concentration
but do not yet known whether this effect occurs because of dysfunctional meiosis in spermatogenic cells. In the present paper, we demonstrate that Nano-TiO2 can penetrate through the blood-testis barrier of a mouse model and enter the testicular tissue, thus causing damage to the
testis and epididymis. This reduced the number of developing sperm; we demonstrated that the mechanism underlying this effect was the inhibition or destruction of meiosis in spermatogenic cells, particularly during meiosis I. We also found that the inhibition of meiosis I caused by nano-TiO2
exposure was related to dysfunctional meiosis and that the abnormal expression of meiosis-related factors. Therefore, our data demonstrate that nano-TiO2 reduces sperm concentration by disrupting meiosis and related signaling pathways.
Controlled Gene Delivery Systems: Nanomaterials and Chemical Approaches
Authors: Ahmadi Sepideh , Rabiee Navid , Fatahi Yousef , Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Gachpazan Meysam , Baheiraei Nafiseh , Nasseri Behzad , Karimi Mahdi , Webster Thomas J. , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: September 2020

Successful gene therapy depends on the design of effective gene delivery systems. A gene delivery system is considered a powerful tool for the release of genetic material within cells resulting in a change in cell functions and protein production. The release of genes in a controlled
manner by using appropriate carriers facilitates their release without side effects and increases the expression of genes at the released site. It is expected that significant changes in the combination of several genes and drugs can be provided by developing treatment systems sensitive to
different stimuli such as redox potential, pH variations, temperature gradients, light irradiation, and enzyme activity. The most important advantages for the release of genes and stimuli-responsive therapeutics include delivering vectors locally, reducing side effects and causing no toxicity
to distant tissues while at the same time reducing the immune response to the vectors. In this review, we aim to discuss different types of gene carriers involved in the controlled transfer of nucleic acids (non-viral inorganic and organic nanoparticles (NPs) and virus-like particles (VLPs))
as well as the simultaneous transfer of several genes and/or drugs into cells or different tissues, providing for an efficient and safe treatment of numerous diseases.
A Review on Smart Grid Internet of Things
Authors: Maseleno Andino , Hashim Wahidah , Alicia Y. C. Tang , Moamin A. Mahmoud , Othman Marini
Published: September 2020

Smart electrical network or better known as Smart Grid is one form of transformation and technological reform in the electricity industry. Smart Grid is a modern electrical energy network that intelligently integrates power grids with communications devices that support electricity
generation and distribution networks to be more attractive, communicative and qualified. Smart Grid is also able to prevent and to isolate the interference quickly and present information on electrical data in real time. While the Internet of Thing (IoT) is a method that aims to maximize the
benefits of internet connectivity to transfer and to process data or information through an internet network wirelessly, virtual and autonomous. IoT technically can be encouraged in developing smart grid network by integrating main power system infrastructure from generating side to end consumer
through wireless sensor network automatically. With the utilization of IoT is expected to improve the reliability of information systems from the power grid as well as improve the efficiency of existing electrical infrastructure. This paper will present the concept of smart grid technology,
IoT and discuss the IoT design and application model in smart grid network.
U-Pb Isotope Geochronology and Granitic Gneisses Nanoparticles from the Xiaomei Shear Zone: Implication for Caledonian Tectonic in the Hainan Island, China
Authors: Yang Zhou , Baoyun Shen , Hailing Liu , Yi Yan , Yan Yan
Published: September 2020

U-Pb ages of zircons from the granitic gneisses in the Xiaomei shear zone, Hainan Island, provide constraints on the age of granitic gneisses and tectonic evolution of Caledonian orogeny in Hainan Island. Zircons extracted from granitic gneisses are rounded and subrounded and characterized
by oscillatory overgrowths enclosing inherited cores. The Early Devonian (414–411 Ma) ages of inherited zircons from the Xiaomei granitic gneisses are consistent with tectonic event that uplifted the Hainan island, resulting in the absence of Devonian strata. Meanwhile, nanoparticles
are found in the granitic gneisses, including agglomerated nanoparticles and spherical nanoparticles in the ductile shear zone. The spherical nanoparticles in the shear zone are believed to have experienced a two-stage formation, from the linear spherical nanoparticles to planar spherical
nanoparticles. With rise in temperature due to frictional heating during the shearing, spherical nanoparticles are deformed to agglomerated nanoparticles and the inherited zircons probably are recrystallized at 411 Ma.
Early Closure of Growth Plate Due to Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head After Displaced Fracture of the Femoral Neck in Children
Authors: Jiang Fei , Qiao Fei , Hu He , Hou Limin , Lv Dongpo
Published: September 2020

To investigate the effect of autogenous tissue engineering of growth plates in the treatment of growth plate injury. The growth plate chondrocytes were cultured from the iliac crest of 3-week-old rabbits by mechanical shearing and type II collagenase digestion. After in vitro
development, the chondrocytes were seeded on the allogeneic decalcified bone matrix. After being mixed in culture for one week, the chondrocytes were implanted into the defects of the medial growth plate at the upper end of the right tibia; the left tibia was not treated. Dynamic X-ray photography
was used to measure the shortening and angular changes in the lower extremity. The H & E and collagen1 immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the in vivo outcomes of the growth plate. There was a slight deformity in the right tibia of group A and group B on the 2nd and
3rd week after the operation, however, there was no significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05). After that, the right tibia of group B and group C had progressive severe shortening and angulation deformity, while the right tibia of group A had no significant increase
in deformity. There was a significant difference between group A, B and C at each time point (P < 0.05). In group A, the normal growth plate structure from collagen-1 immunohistochemical staining was recovered, while in group B and C the damaged area was repaired by new bone tissue.
Autogenous tissue engineering of the growth plate can effectively prevent limb deformity after acute growth plate injury. The implanted tissue engineered growth plate can produce a columnar structure; cells can express type II collagen.
Tumor Therapeutics via Highly Efficient miRNA Delivery to Human Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cells by Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Weimin , Chen Zhongwen , Li Xia , Wang Jianjun , Fan Lihong , Qi Lifeng
Published: September 2020

Efficient delivery of miRNA to target cells remains a significant challenge in clinical applications. In this research, we constructed a multifunctional miRNA (miR) delivery system composed of miRexpressing plasmids mediated by Fe3O4-polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanoparticles
(NPs). Fe3O4-PEImiR-expressing plasmid NPs targeting HIF-1 or Survivin gene were respectively constructed and transfected into human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE-II cells. The stability of Fe3O4 PEI-miR NPs was experimentally confirmed by serum
protection assay. The antitumor effects of Fe3O4-PEI-miR NPs on CNE-II cells proliferation, apoptosis, and radiosensitivity were studied by employing the Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8) experiment, flow cytometry (FCM) analysis and radiosensitivity test. The antitumor efficiency
of Fe3O4-PEI-miR NPs was investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The Fe3O4-PEI-miR-expressing plasmid NPs were shown to be successfully established with favorable stability, enhanced biocompatibility and lower cytotoxicity, compared with Lipofectamine
2000. In addition, down-regulation of HIF-1 or Survivin was validated to improve antitumor effects and radiosensitivity of NPC cells through proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Transfection of miR-HIF-1 /Survivin by Fe3O4-PEI NPs to CNE-II cells effectively inhibited
NPC cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and increased radiosensitivity. Fe3O4-PEI NPs were shown to be ideal gene carriers capable of novel gene therapy for treating human NPC.
Phytogenic Synthesis of Nano Silver from Madagascar Periwinkle Extracts and Their Angiogenic Activities in Zebrafish Embryos (ZFE)
Authors: Kathiravan Govindarajan , Yamini Kosuru Rekha , Rajagopal Kalyanaraman , Anandan Sambandam , Kim Kwang Jin , Jung Yun Seok , Song Hak Jin , Kim Hyung Joo , Kumaran Rangarajulu Senthil
Published: September 2020

Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles utilizing plant extracts is a simple, cost effective system of generating nanoparticles in an ecofriendly environment. In the present study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using different parts of Madagascar periwinkle
plant extracts. The production of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was detected visually by change in color of the reaction mixture from yellow to reddish brown in a 8 h treatment at 37 °C. Further, the AgNPs were analyzed by various standard characterization techniques such UV-Vis spectroscopy,
Electron Microscopy (TEM and SEM), FT-IR, and GC-MS analysis. The UV-Visible spectrum showed the plasmon resonance peak for AgNPs at 435 nm, indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles. FTIR analysis showed a good interaction between the plant extract and NPs. The morphology of the NPs
varied in shape has observed through TEM with the particle size less than 10 nm. The phytoformulated nanoparticles were found to be well dispersed in solution and stable due to capping molecules present in the reaction mixture. The chromatographic analysis (GC-MS) displayed a prominent fragmentation
pattern especially at the higher molecular weight in the range of 280 to 271. Angiogenesis is an important physiological process that plays a crucial role in several pathological conditions (tumor growth and metastasis). The green synthesized AgNPs were assessed for their angiogenic inhibition
properties using zebrafish embryos as a model system. The biogenic AgNPs treatment at the dose of 100 μl and 150 μl showed significant anti-angiogenesis (inhibitory effect on angiogenesis), which represents more effectiveness in controlling the vessel formation during pathological
conditions.
Graphene Oxide Synthesis: Optimizing the Hummers and Marcano Methods
Authors: Al-Ruqeishi Majid S. , Mohiuddin Tariq , Al-Moqbali Moza , Al-Shukaili Hamyar , Al-Mamari Said , Al-Rashdi Hashim , Al-Busaidi Rahma , Sreepal Vishnu , Nair Rahul R.
Published: September 2020

Fabricating graphene oxide (GO) in a cost-effective, efficient manner remains challenging. Some researchers manufacture GO that is comprised of a small number of layers by a modification of Hummers' method, as follows: (1) minimize use of NaNO3, a source of toxic gases; and
(2) use MnO2 as the oxidizer. Other researchers fabricate GO by Marcano's method, where KMnO4 substitutes for MnO2. Here, one uses a 9:1 volume ratio of H2SO4/H3PO4. The role of KMnO4 is to diffuse slowly
in the graphite interlayer and act as a peroxidation agent throughout the oxidation. For large-scale production, there is an explosion risk from using KMnO4 in H2SO4, and incomplete graphite oxidation. We overcame these challenges by growing GO sheets exhibiting
an average size thickness of ∼3.1 ± 0.2 μm by optimizing the quantity of KMnO4 and H2SO4/H3PO4 as oxidizer ion sources, in modifications of both the Hummers and Marcano methods, without using NaNO3. Optimizing
the reaction time and using small graphite flakes optimized oxidation to afford a high yield of GO sheets. X-ray diffraction showed an interlayer d-spacing of 5.7 Å for GO and 2.9 Å for the lesser quantity of remaining non-exfoliated graphite grains. Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy showed no peaks for stretching vibrations within the graphitic domains, especially for GO grown via the modified Hummers method. Ultraviolet-visible and Raman spectroscopy showed that the number of layers with sp2 domains of interconnected carbon atoms, and disorder
such as ripples and major defects at the edge planes, decreased compared to prior research. The Raman Id/Ig ratio of the GO sheets ranged from 1.21 to 1.75. The carbon/oxygen atomic ratio (RC/O), deduced from the C 1 s core level as per X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ranged
from 0.43 to 6.84.
Stiffness Measurement of Micro-Cantilever Based on Negative Electrostatic Stiffness
Authors: Dong Xianshan , Huang Qinwen , Huang Yun , Su Wei , Lai Ping
Published: September 2020

Micro-cantilever is basic structure of Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) sensor, and mechanical stiffness is the most important parameter of micro-cantilever. The mechanical stiffness can be affected by shape, size and material, and it should be experimentally measured for fabrication
variation. Yet, the micro scale of MEMS cantilever makes the measurement difficult, and the traditional method isn't suitable for the micro-cantilever. This study proposes a new method for measuring the mechanical stiffness of micro-cantilever, and measurement of MEMS accelerometer was also
experimentally carried out. The proposed method exploits the feature that the voltage applied on cantilever can lead to negative electrostatic stiffness, and this stiffness can change the deformation of cantilever. The mechanical stiffness can be obtained through analyzing the change of output.
Results from this study coincided with our theoretical model, and the difference between results obtained by this method and SEM was 2.2%. This work provides a new way to precisely obtain mechanical stiffness of micro-cantilever using non-destructive method, making it helpful for researchers
to design micro-cantilever and MEMS devices.
Applications of Truncated Cauchy Power Log-Logistic Model to Physical and Biomedical Data
Authors: Badr Majdah M.
Published: September 2020

In this article, we introduce a new three-parameter lifetime model, which is called truncated Cauchy power Log-Logistic (TCPLL) model. The TCPLL model has many applications in different sciences, such as physics and medicine, and we show that in the application section. We used two
real-life datasets related to physics and medicine to show the flexibility of the TCPLL model. The TCPLL distribution is more flexible than some well-known models. The TCPLL parameters are estimated using maximum likelihood method for estimation. The numerical study is displayed to show the
effectiveness of the estimates. At the end, we calculated some important properties like, quantile function, moments, order statistics and moment generating function of the proposed model.
Nanobiotechnology Model Arising from Coronavirus Interacting with the AQP Channels Along the Respiratory Regions and Estimating the Infectivity Rate of the COVID19 Outbreak Based on Temperature and Direct Contact Rate
Authors: Al Garalleh Hakim , Algarni Ali
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus (COVID19) is an infectious disease that attacks the human body, particularly within the respiratory regions, e.g., nasal and lung tissues. COVID19 infection is classified into three different stages: mild, moderate, and severe. Recovery from the first two stages can mostly
be achieved without special treatment, but these stages can lead to death for older people and those who have underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes, chronic-respiratory disease, HIV, and cardiovascular disease. COVID19 prefers to attack the tissues and membranes of the respiratory
system, especially those found in the nose, throat, and on the external surface of the lungs. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a large family of integral biomembranes that facilitate transport of water and small biomolecules between cells. The current work develops two scientific sub-models, i.e., biological
and statistical. The biological model is aimed at investigating the realistic mechanism of bio-interaction between the two types of COV and different AQP protein channels. This model is obtained mathematically by evaluating the magnitude of the potential energy arising from SARSCOV and COVID19
penetrating the cavity of the AQP protein channels located on the external surface of human cells. We use an exponential function to estimate the transmission rate of COVID19 with respect to time in different territories. Additionally, we observe that temperature and direct contact play major
roles in determining the number of infected cases, and consider relative humidity as a secondary factor. Our results show that AQP1, AQP3, and AQP4 are the most favorable tissues for COVID19 spread because their pH exceeds 6.5. A mathematical model is developed that describes the behavior
of the COVID19 outbreak in terms of temperature (μ) and direct contact (α) rate.
Plasma Etching-Assisted Stress Release for Fabricating Metallic Nanocoil Networks at Low Temperatures
Authors: Zhao Xu , Sakuraba Ryuma , Muraoka Mikio
Published: September 2020

This study reports a simple method for fabricating metallic nanocoil (NC) networks at low temperatures. The fabrication process is driven by the release of inhomogeneous intrinsic stress from thin metal coatings deposited on resin nanofibers. Plasma etching was employed to degrade the
resin nanofibers, thereby releasing the stress and spontaneously bending the metal coating into a helical shape through a permanent deformation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that uses plasma etching for inducing stress release to form 3D helical nanostructures. Herein,
Ag NCs, which are sensitive to thermal damage, were successfully fabricated. The NCs have unique structures with symmetrical left- and right-handed helical segments. The coil diameter can be controlled by adjusting the plasma etching time and power output of the plasma discharge. The proposed
method is versatile, controllable, and energy efficient. Most importantly, it can be conducted at low temperatures, which is crucial for fabricating NCs that are sensitive to thermal damage.
Some Properties on Soft Simply Star Open Sets in Soft Topological Space
Authors: Sayed M. El , Al Qubati Abdul Gawad A. Q.
Published: September 2020

The present study aimed at introducing new topological concepts at soft spaces based on a class of soft simply star open set namely, soft-simply star boundary, soft simply star exterior soft-simply star limit point, and soft simply star neighborhood of a point. The study investigated
some of their properties where notions can be applied in many applications in different fields, for example in medicine, engineering, and economics.
Truncated Cauchy Power Lomax Model and Its Application to Biomedical Data
Authors: Almarashi Abdullah M.
Published: September 2020

In this study, we propose a new lifetime model, named truncated Cauchy power Lomax (TCPL) distribution. The TCPL distribution has many applications in biomedical and physical sciences, and we illustrate that its application herein. We used bladder cancer dataset related to medicine
to illustrate the flexibility of the TCPL distribution. The new distribution is more flexible than some well-known models. We also calculated some fundamental properties like; moments, quantile function, moment generating function and order statistics for the TCPL model. The model parameters
were estimated using maximum likelihood method for estimation. At the end of the paper, the simulation study is performed to assess the effectiveness of the estimates.
3D Fractal Interpolation Functions
Authors: Al-Jawfi Rashad A.
Published: September 2020

For visualizing one, two- and/or three-dimensional data, reconstruction mechanism is generally considered. In the present study, I have examined the application of iterated function systems in interpolation. I have also presented new fractal interpolation derivations for three-dimensional
scalar data. The interpolations can indicate uncertainty of the data, allow tenability from the data, represent the data statistically at different scales, and may also more accurately facilitate data analysis.
Study on Mechanism for Preventing Thrombus Formation by Nano-Biological Catheter Pump
Authors: Tian Wanpeng , Xiong Yonggang
Published: September 2020

Based on prediction model for thrombus proposed by Grigioni and Danny Bluestein, the mechanism for preventing thrombus formation by a Nano-biological catheter pump was studied herein by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The shearing force and exposure time for platelets during
the movement of nano-biologic catheter pump were calculated, and the platelet activation state (PAS) was analyzed, so as to simulate thrombus formation of Nano-biologic catheter pump, predict the thrombus formation and prevent the occurrence of thrombus. Through calculation and analysis, it
was shown that the pump can meet the requirements for left ventricle pump when the flow rate of the Nano-biological catheter pump is 3.8 L/min, the rotation speed is 9800 r/min and the head is 14.798 kPa. PAS in the prediction model by Grigioni and Danny Bluestein were 6.39 × 10–6
and 7.68 × 10–4, respectively. Since the values were small, the thrombus almost never formed. To explore the mechanism for preventing thrombus formation, and prediction of hydraulic performance of the pump can provide theoretical basis for optimizing the structure of
the pump.
Bayesian Structural Time Series
Authors: Almarashi Abdullah M. , Khan Khushnoor
Published: September 2020

The current study focused on modeling times series using Bayesian Structural Time Series technique (BSTS) on a univariate data-set. Real-life secondary data from stock prices for flying cement covering a period of one year was used for analysis. Statistical results were based on simulation
procedures using Kalman filter and Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC). Though the current study involved stock prices data, the same approach can be applied to complex engineering process involving lead times. Results from the current study were compared with classical Autoregressive Integrated
Moving Average (ARIMA) technique. For working out the Bayesian posterior sampling distributions BSTS package run with R software was used. Four BSTS models were used on a real data set to demonstrate the working of BSTS technique. The predictive accuracy for competing models was assessed using
Forecasts plots and Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE). An easyto-follow approach was adopted so that both academicians and practitioners can easily replicate the mechanism. Findings from the study revealed that, for short-term forecasting, both ARIMA and BSTS are equally good but for long
term forecasting, BSTS with local level is the most plausible option.
Improving Opto-Electronic Performance of Mixed-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells Through Surface-Treatment Strategy
Authors: Khan Danish , Mateen Muhammad , Arain Zulqarnain , Panjwani Manoj Kumar , Kumar Jerry
Published: September 2020

Among thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells are receiving close review by the researchers due to rapid increase in efficiency during the last decade. Mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3) are easy
in fabrication as well as cost-effective but these solar cells are facing challenges of stability under normal environmental conditions. Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are polycrystalline in nature but still lacking the effective optical and electrical properties, and one of the big
reasons behind it is the less grain size. In this study, formamidinium lead iodide (FAI) treatment was applied along with deposition of MAPbI3. The grain size was increased which further decreased defects of film surface and grain boundary between the grains. The treatment also
helped improving the crystallinity of films, as well as opto-electronic characteristics of PSCs. The FAI treated PSCs showed more resilience stability than untreated PSCs in terms of aged power conversion efficiency (PCE). The complete investigation was done by comparing the scanning electron
microscope (SEM) images, atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, X-ray diffraction peaks, UV-Vis absorbance and mean grain size of the FAI treated and non-FAI treated films.
Open Circuit Voltage and Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (wt%) Dependency in Solid-State Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor-Compatible Glucose Fuel Cells
Authors: Islam Md. Zahidul , Arata Shigeki , Hayashi Kenya , Kobayashi Atsuki , Niitsu Kiichi
Published: September 2020

Solid-state complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible glucose fuel cells, with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films and different amounts of carbon nanotube (wt%) were investigated. Those with a SWCNT content of 3 wt% were found to develop the highest open circuit
voltage (OCV) of 400 mV, together with a high electrical conductivity, a power density of 0.53 μW/cm2 and current density of 1.31 μA/cm2. Measurements were performed by dipping the anode into a 30 mM glucose solution. The OCV and power density increased
together with the fuel cell concentration. The developed fuel cell uses materials that are biocompatible with the human body (single-walled carbon nanotube-glucose). As a result, it was possible to attain an OCV of 400 mV with a single-walled carbon nanotube content of 3 wt% while improvements
in the performance of the CMOS-compatible glucose fuel cell were obtained, and the parameters affecting the performance of the fuel cell were identified. This bio-fuel cell was fabricated using CMOS semiconductor processes on a silicon wafer. These findings are significant to realizing mobile
or implantable devices that can be used for biomedical applications.
An oblique osteotomy is better for subtrochanteric shortening in total hip arthroplasty for high hip dislocation: a mechanical comparison of four techniques
Authors: Atlihan Dogan , Yildirim Cem , Muratoglu Osman Gorkem , Muslu Duran Can , Tokgözoğlu Mazhar , Bayir Dilara , Bozdag Ergun
Published: September 2020

Background:

Subtrochanteric femoral shortening is used during total hip arthroplasty for high hip dislocation in developmental dysplasia of hip patients.

Methods:

We mechanically tested the stability of various commonly used subtrochanteric osteotomy techniques. As the equivalent of a femoral stem placed in a shortened femur without any stable fixation at the osteotomy line, 2 polyvinylchloride pipes were loosely intertwined. 4 different osteotomies (Z-subtrochanteric osteotomy, oblique-45° osteotomy, double Chevron-90° and 120° subtrochanteric osteotomy) were simulated. Torsional and axial loads were applied, and torsional stiffness was calculated for each test model.

Results:

Z, double Chevron-90° and 120° subtrochanteric osteotomy models demonstrated lower mean torsional stiffness than oblique-45° osteotomy. With the highest torsional stiffness oblique-45° provides the best stability for treatment of high dislocation hips when a subtrochanteric osteotomy is added.

Conclusions:

This matches our previous clinical experience. Oblique osteotomy may also provide higher contact surfaces in the osteotomy lines to promote bone healing.
Prostate volume and its relationship with anthropometric variables among different ethnic groups of South-Kivu, DR Congo
Authors: Mubenga L. E. , Hermans M. P. , Chimanuka D. , Muhindo L. , Bwenge E. , Tombal B.
Published: September 2020

Background

The prevalence of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) varies among individuals from different races or ethnic groups. South-Kivu province (DR Congo) has several morphologically different ethnic groups. Our aim was to compare prostate volume and assess its possible association with specific anthropometric measurements among major ethnic groups.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of male subjects, ≥ 40 year old, enrolled in 10 different sites of South-Kivu allowing both easy access and ethnic diversity. We compared urological features, anthropometric parameters, and body fat composition among 979 subjects who met study criteria: Shi (n: 233), Lega (n: 212), Havu (n: 204), Bembe–Fuliru (n: 172), and minority ethnic groups (n: 158).

Results

Prostate volume was statistically different among ethnic groups. Median (interquartile range) size of prostate gland was significantly larger in Lega: 55 (38–81) cc, and smaller in Havu, 20 (17, 24) cc;p < 0.001. Overall, an enlarged prostate (≥ 30 cc) was documented in 91% of Lega men, in 59% of intermediate class men (Shi, Bembe–Fuliru, others), and in a mere 11% of Havu men. In multivariate analysis, prostate volume was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001), ethnic group (p < 0.001), residence (p: 0.046), and fasting blood glucose (p: 0.001). Conversely, prostate volume was neither associated with anthropometric parameters, nor with body fat composition.

Conclusion

Prostatic size varies widely among men from different ethnic origins in South-Kivu. Different genetic determinants and cellular composition of prostatic gland could represent risk factors that need to be examined in forthcoming studies.
Initial-onset acute and chronic recurrent stages are two distinctive courses of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Urzua Cristhian A. , Herbort Carl , Valenzuela Rodrigo A. , Abu El-Asrar Ahmed M. , Arellanes-Garcia Lourdes , Schlaen Ariel , Yamamoto Joyce , Pavesio Carlos
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To describe distinctive stages of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease: initial-onset acute versus chronic recurrent disease.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review regarding stages and clinical presentations of VKH disease was conducted.

Results

Despite a list of signs that has been described as characteristic features of early or late phases of VKH disease, the current classification -developed by an international committee and published in 2001- does not consider a distinction regarding the time from onset of disease symptoms, and specific findings observed at certain time point from the symptoms presentation and outcomes related to the stage of VKH disease. In that sense, chronic recurrent VKH disease is more refractory to treatment and is associated with a higher rate of complications. Accordingly, this subset of VKH patients has poorer functional and anatomical outcomes than patients with an initial-onset acute disease.

Conclusions

An early clear distinction of VKH phenotype [Initial-onset acute versus chronic recurrent disease] should be considered in each clinical scenario, evaluating the delay in diagnosis and the clinical presentation, since it may help clinicians to perform a correct disease prognosis categorization and thus to make treatment decisions in terms of potential refractoriness or expected clinical outcomes.
Medical decision making among patients with heart failure – does migration background matter?
Authors: von dem Knesebeck Olaf , Scherer Martin , Marx Gabriella , Koens Sarah
Published: September 2020

Background

Some studies, mainly coming from the U.S., indicate disparities in heart failure (HF) treatment according to migration/ethnicity. However, respective results are inconsistent and cannot be transferred to other health care systems. Thus, we will address the following research question: Are there differences in the diagnosis and management of HF between patients with and without a Turkish migration background in Germany?

Methods

A factorial experimental design with video vignettes was applied. In the filmed simulated initial encounters, professional actors played patients, who consulted a primary care physician because of typical HF symptoms. While the dialog was identical in all videos, patients differed in terms of Turkish migration history (no/yes), sex (male/female), and age (55 years/75 years). After viewing the video, primary care physicians (N = 128) were asked standardized and open ended questions concerning their decisions on diagnosis and therapy.

Results

Analyses revealed no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), but a consistent tendency: Primary care doctors more often asked lifestyle and psychosocial questions, they more often diagnosed HF, they gave more advice to rest and how to behave in case of deterioration, they more often auscultated the lung, and more often referred to a specialist when the patient has a Turkish migration history compared to a non-migrant patient. Differences in the medical decisions between the two groups ranged between 1.6 and 15.8%. In 10 out of 12 comparisons, differences were below 10%.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that are no significant inequalities in diagnosis and management of HF according to a Turkish migration background in Germany. Primary care physicians’ behaviour and medical decision making do not seem to be influenced by the migration background of the patients. Future studies are needed to verify this result and to address inequalities in HF therapy in an advanced disease stage.
A molecular insight into the dissociable regulation of associative learning and motivation by the synaptic protein neuroligin-1
Authors: Luo Jiaqi , Tan Jessica M. , Nithianantharajah Jess
Published: September 2020

Background

In a changing environment, a challenge for the brain is to flexibly guide adaptive behavior towards survival. Complex behavior and the underlying neural computations emerge from the structural components of the brain across many levels: circuits, cells, and ultimately the signaling complex of proteins at synapses. In line with this logic, dynamic modification of synaptic strength or synaptic plasticity is widely considered the cellular level implementation for adaptive behavior such as learning and memory. Predominantly expressed at excitatory synapses, the postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecule neuroligin-1 (Nlgn1) forms trans-synaptic complexes with presynaptic neurexins. Extensive evidence supports that Nlgn1 is essential for NMDA receptor transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP), both of which are putative synaptic mechanisms underlying learning and memory. Here, employing a comprehensive battery of touchscreen-based cognitive assays, we asked whether impaired NMDA receptor transmission and LTP in mice lacking Nlgn1 does in fact disrupt decision-making. To this end, we addressed two key decision problems: (i) the ability to learn and exploit the associative structure of the environment and (ii) balancing the trade-off between potential rewards and costs, or positive and negative utilities of available actions.

Results

We found that the capacity to acquire complex associative structures and adjust learned associations was intact. However, loss of Nlgn1 alters motivation leading to a reduced willingness to overcome effort cost for reward and an increased willingness to exert effort to escape an aversive situation. We suggest Nlgn1 may be important for balancing the weighting on positive and negative utilities in reward-cost trade-off.

Conclusions

Our findings update canonical views of this key synaptic molecule in behavior and suggest Nlgn1 may be essential for regulating distinct cognitive processes underlying action selection. Our data demonstrate that learning and motivational computations can be dissociated within the same animal model, from a detailed behavioral dissection. Further, these results highlight the complexities in mapping synaptic mechanisms to their behavioral consequences, and the future challenge to elucidate how complex behavior emerges through different levels of neural hardware.
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery vs Thoracotomy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Greater Than 5 cm: Is VATS a feasible approach for large tumors?
Authors: Batihan Güntuğ , Ceylan Kenan Can , Usluer Ozan , Kaya Şeyda Örs
Published: September 2020

Background

VATS lobectomy is a recommended surgical approach for patients with early-stage lung cancer. However, it is still controversial in locally advance disease. This study was conducted to compare intraoperative and postoperative results of VATS and thoracotomy in patients with tumors greater than 5 cm.

Methods

From January 2014 to December 2018, 849 patients underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer at our center. The inclusion criterion of this study was patients who underwent anatomic lung resection for lung cancer with tumors larger than 5 cm((≥ T3). The patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (n = 24) and those who underwent thoracotomy (n = 36). Patient characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative results were evaluated by review of the hospital records.

Results

In the VATS group, mean drainage time and postoperative length of hospital stay were significantly shorter than the thoracotomy group. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that overall and recurrence-free survival was longer in the VATS group and this result was statistically significant.

Conclusions

According to the results of this study, we emphasize that VATS is a feasible surgical procedure for tumors larger than 5 cm.
Troxerutin protects against DHT-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats
Authors: Gao Zixuan , Ma Xiaochen , Liu Jing , Ge Yuhang , Wang Lei , Fu Ping , Liu Zhian , Yao Ruiqin , Yan Xiaonan
Published: September 2020

The exact pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common neuroendocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, has not been fully elucidated. Recent studies suggested that chronic inflammation and neurotransmitter disorder involved in the progress of PCOS. Troxerutin, a natural flavonoid, was reported to possess neuroprotective effect in several disease models by inhibiting inflammation or enhancing neurotrophic factor. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effect and mechanism of troxerutin in a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced rat model of PCOS. The PCOS rat models were treated with troxerutin at a dose of 150 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg for up to 4 weeks. Results showed that 300 mg/kg troxerutin significantly decreased the body weight gain and improved the pathological changes of ovary induced by DHT. Meanwhile, the elevated gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadotrophin and testosterone in the serum of PCOS rats were reduced with the treatment of troxerutin. The expression of kisspeptin and NKB in arcuate nucleus and their receptors kiss1r and NK3r in GnRH positive neurons of median eminence were markedly decreased in troxerutin-treated rats. Of note, the GnRH inhibitory regulator GABA and stimulatory regulator glutamate were also restored to the normal level by troxerutin. The present study indicated that troxerutin may exhibit a protective effect in PCOS rat model via regulating neurotransmitter release.
Neuroendocrine appendiceal tumor and endometriosis of the appendix: a case report
Authors: Parra Rogério Serafim , Feitosa Marley Ribeiro , Biagi Giovana Bachega Badiale , Brandão Daniel Ferracioli , Moraes Margarida Maria Fernandes da Silva , Silvestre Liliane , Zanardi José Vitor Cabral , Sato Junior Nelson Hitamo , Féres Omar , da Rocha José Joaquim Ribeiro
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Endometriosis of the appendix is very uncommon, accounting for only about 1% of all cases of endometriosis. However, endometriosis is found in the appendix in approximately 8–13% of patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis and is particularly common in patients with severe forms of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Neuroendocrine tumors are the most common neoplasms of the appendix and may be misdiagnosed when there are multiple endometriosis lesions in the pelvis.

Case presentation

We describe a case of a Caucasian patient with deep infiltrating endometriosis with rectal involvement, retrocervical lesions, and a right ovarian endometrioma with no suspected lesions in the appendix. She underwent laparoscopy and, after a systematic intraoperative evaluation, suspected involvement of the appendix was observed. The patient underwent ovarian cystectomy, excision of the pelvic endometriosis lesions, appendectomy, and anterior stapler discoid resection. Histopathological analysis of the appendix revealed endometriosis and a well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma at the appendix tip.

Discussion

Our patient’s case emphasizes the need to approach these lesions carefully and strengthens the indication for appendectomy when the appendix is affected in the setting of endometriosis. Despite the more likely diagnosis of appendiceal endometriosis, neuroendocrine tumors cannot be ruled out by imaging examinations, and both conditions can occur in the same patient.
Protocol for a systematic review of treatment adherence for HIV, hepatitis C and tuberculosis among homeless populations
Authors: Johnson Luke , Lewer Dan , Aldridge Robert W. , Hayward Andrew C. , Story Alistair
Published: September 2020

Background

Homelessness is a global issue and HIV, hepatitis C and tuberculosis are known to be prevalent in this group. Homeless populations face significant barriers to care. We aim to summarise evidence of treatment initiation and completion for homeless populations with these infections, and their associated factors, through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

We will search MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL for all study types and conference abstracts looking at either (1) treatment initiation in a cohort experiencing homelessness with at least one of HIV, hepatitis C, active tuberculosis and/or latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI); (2) treatment completion for those who initiated treatment. We will perform a meta-analysis of the proportion of those with each infection who initiate and complete treatment, as well as analysis of individual and health system factors that may affect adherence levels. We will evaluate the quality of research papers using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Discussion

Given the political emphasis on global elimination of these diseases, and the current lack of understanding of effective and equitable treatment adherence strategies in homeless populations, this review will provide insight to policy-makers and service providers aiming to improve homeless healthcare.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42019153150
Evaluating enhanced recovery after surgery: time to cover new ground and discover the missing patient voice
Authors: Nunns Michael , John Joseph B. , McGrath John S. , Shaw Liz , Briscoe Simon , Thompson Coon Jo , Hemsley Anthony , Lovegrove Christopher J. , Thomas David , Mythen Michael G. , Anderson Rob
Published: September 2020

Multicomponent peri-operative interventions offer to accelerate patient recovery and improve cost-effectiveness. The recent National Institute of Health Research-commissioned evidence synthesis review by Nunns et al. considers the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of all types of multicomponent interventions for older adults undergoing elective inpatient surgery. Enhanced recovery programmes (ERPs) were the most commonly evaluated intervention. An association between ERPs and decreased length of stay was observed, whilst complication rates and time to recovery were static or sometimes reduced. Important areas which lack research in the context of ERPs are patient-reported outcome measures, patients with complex needs and assessment of factors pertaining to successful ERP implementation. The next generation of ERP studies should seek to develop our understanding in these key areas.