bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Music Education as an Alternative Paradigm to Youth Empowerment: Evidence from Tertiary Institutions in South West of Nigeria
Authors: Olawole Fadipe, David
Published: November 2019

Music education has been an integral part of national economic empowerment and development strategies in industrialized and developed nations globally, due to its impact on productivity, sustainability and economic development. However, the harness of youth‘s potentials through music education has not accelerated economic development in Nigeria. The study, therefore, seeks to investigate the impact of music education on youth empowerment. Purposive sample technique was adopted to select 10 academic staff members each from the five tertiary institutions that offering music education, totaling 50 participants as a sample size for the study. A structured questionnaire designed for the study was used to collect relevant information from the study’s participants. Data analysis was performed with the aid of mean, standard deviation and linear regression. The study establishes that music education is a driving force of youth empowerment. The study also confirms that inadequate funding of education and the poor state of infrastructural facilities are the major challenges that crippled music education in Nigeria. Subsequently, the study recommends that government, non-government organizations, renowned professional musicians and private investors should invest especially in music education. This will go a long way to empower young graduates with an array of skills for sustainable development.
Population Dynamics of Five Important Commercial Fish Species in the Sundarbans Ecosystem of Bangladesh
Authors: Mustafa Md. Golam , Ahmed Imran , Ilyas Mohammod
Published: November 2019

Aims: To determine the population dynamics and assess the exploitation level of Mystus gulio, Acanthopagrus latus, Chelon parsia, Otolithoides pama and Lates calcarifer in the Sundarbans ecosystem of Bangladesh.

Study Design: Monthly length-frequency data of five fish species were collected from the Sundarbans ecosystem. The lengths of five fish species were recorded to the nearest one cm intervals in each month.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from January to December 2011 in the Sundarbans ecosystem in Bangladesh.

Methodology: The FAO-ICLARM Fish Stock Assessment Tools (FiSAT II) software was used to estimate the von Bertalanffy growth parameters (L∝ and K), mortality coefficients (Z, M and F), probability of capture, recruitment pattern and Yield/Biomass-per-recruit for five commercially important fish species caught by fishers in the Sundarbans ecosystem of Bangladesh.

Results: In the Sundarbans ecosystem of Bangladesh area the values of asymptotic length (L∝) for Mystus gulio, Acanthopagrus latus, Chelon parsia, Otolithoides pama and Lates calcarifer were found to be 23.0 cm, 33.6 cm, 30.0 cm, 32.5 cm and 55.0 cm respectively while the growth co-efficient (K) were 0.75, 0.85, 1.1, 0.8 and 0.5 respectively. The estimates for L∝ (23.00 – 55.0 cm) and K (0.5-1.1 year-1) obtained were consistent with those available in the literature. Relatively high K and low L∝ values, typical of short-lived tropical fishes, were obtained for Mystus gulio, Acanthopagrus latus, Chelon parsia and Otolithoides pama. The length growth performance index (ϕ’) of the Pauly and Munro’s function was in the range of 2.599 – 3.180. Natural mortality, fishing mortality and total mortality were in the range of 0.956-1.89, 0.55-1.58 and 1.52-3.3 respectively. Estimates for total mortality (Z) and natural mortality (M) imply low annual rates of survival and high turnover rates. The recruitment pattern suggested one main pulse of annual recruitment. The exploitation rate was estimated to be between 27% and 47% and the length at first capture was estimated to be approximately 19-54% of L∝. The exploitation rate obtained for five fish species are relatively lower compared to other available studies in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. The growth and exploitation rates obtained were compared with available estimates to evaluate the consistency of the results with current knowledge about the species in the region.

Conclusion: The study indicated that the length-at-first-capture/L∝ seem to be a simple parameter, which could be used to make a rapid assessment of the status of the stocks. All together, the present study reveals that the population of these five studied species attains acceptable sustainability levels in the Sundarbans ecosystem and scope for a slight increase in catch efforts.
A ANTROPOTOPONÍMIA DO CENTRO HISTÓRICO DE SÃO JOÃO DEL-REI – MG DO SÉC. XVIII AO SÉC. XXI | THE ANTHROPOTOPONYMY OF THE HISTORIC CENTER OF SÃO JOÃO DEL-REI – MG FROM THE 18TH CENTURY TO THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Macedo Celso Reis , Seabra Maria Cândida Trindade Costa de
Published: November 2019

Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma investigação dos antropotopônimos urbanos registrados no centro histórico da cidade de São João del-Rei – MG. Desse modo apresentam-se possíveis motivadores da mudança dos antropotopônimos a que se submeteram, ao longo de trezentos anos, algumas ruas da cidade. Como pressupostos teórico- metodológicos, adotamos o modelo toponímico de Dauzat (1939) e Dick (1990). Dessa forma, este recorte de estudo apresenta os primeiros resultados da pesquisa linguística, com enfoque no léxico antrotoponímico. Analisando e observando nesses nomes a motivação, a variação e a mudança, observou-se que os resultados foram positivos, uma vez que se conseguiu resgatar relevantes elementos informativos sobre o passado da histórica São João del-Rei - MG.

Abstract: This present work aims to present an investigation of urban anthropotoponyms registered in the historical center of the city of São João del-Rei - MG. In this way, there are possible motivators for the change of the anthropotoponyms that have undergone, for three hundred years, some streets of the city. As theoretical and methodological assumptions, we adopted the topological model of Dauzat (1939) and Dick (1990). In this way, this study resource presents the first results of linguistic research, focusing on anthropotonyme lexicon. Analyzing and observing in these names the motivation, the variation and the change it was observed that the results were positive, since it was possible to rescue relevant informative elements about the past of the historical of São João del-Rei - MG.

Keywords: Lexicon; Anthropotoponymy; Variation; São João del Rei. 
RELIGIÃO E CRENÇAS: UMA ANÁLISE LÉXICO-SEMÂNTICA DOS DADOS DO ALiB NO MARANHÃO | RELIGION AND BELIEFS: A LEXICO-SEMANTICS ANALYSIS OF THE ALiB DATA IN MARANHÃO
Authors: Santos Georgiana Márcia Oliveira
Published: November 2019

Resumo: Esta pesquisa a variação lexical do Questionário Semântico Lexical – QSL do ALiB. Para tanto, a análise dos dados deste estudo baseia-se nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Geossociolinguística, Cardoso (2010), Rasky e Sanches (2016), e considera o perfil de informantes estabelecido pelo ALiB. Como resultado tem-se, por exemplo, o fator dialetológico marcando a variação lexical para a pergunta 148: O que algumas pessoas dizem já ter visto, à noite, em cemitérios ou em casas, que se diz que é do outro mundo?. Assim, somente em Alto Parnaíba surgiu livozia em comparação às lexias assombração, visagem, alma, espírito, recorrentes nos demais municípios investigados.

Abstract: This research aims to investigate the geossociolinguistic factors that influenced the lexical variation from the Brazilian State of Maranhão in the semantic field religion and beliefs from the lexical semantic questionnaire – QSL from Atlas Linguístico do Brasil – ALiB. Therefore, the data analysis of this study is based in the theoretical-methodological assumptions of Geossociolinguistic as Cardoso (2010), Rasky and Lima (2017), and it also considers the profile of the informants established for the ALiB. As the result, it is presented, as an example, the dialectical factor that marks the lexical variation for the question 148: What some people say they have seen, at night, in cemeteries or in houses, that they say that is from another world?. So, just in the city of Alto Parnaíba emerged livozia in comparison to the lexias assombração, visagem, alma, espírito, that are recurrents in the other cities investigated.

Keywords: ALiB; Religion and beliefs; Maranhão State. 
CONCEITOS DE IDENTIDADE E MÉTODOS PARA SEU ESTUDO NA SOCIOLINGUÍSTICA | CONCEPTS OF IDENTITY AND METHODS FOR ITS STUDY IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Authors: Oushiro Livia
Published: November 2019

Resumo: Este artigo tem o objetivo de revisar algumas definições do conceito de identidade e estudos que dele se valem, com vistas a avaliar sua operacionalização e replicabilidade em pesquisas na área da Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 2008 [1972]). Os métodos para acessar as identidades dos falantes incluem, entre outros, a observação etnográfica, a formulação de perguntas específicas no roteiro da entrevista, a aplicação de questionários, a elaboração de índices, testes de percepção e a análise de posturas, cada qual com suas vantagens. Em última instância, deve-se reconhecer a natureza fluida e dinâmica das identidades, mas tal fato não impede o pesquisador de buscar métodos menos impressionísticos para o estudo de sua possível influência sobre os padrões de variação linguística.

Abstract: This article aims at reviewing definitions of the concept of identity as well as studies that explore it in order to evaluate its operationalization and replicability in sociolinguistic studies (LABOV, 2008 [1972]). Methods to access speakers’ identities include, among others, ethnographic observations, the formulation of specific questions within the interview schedule, the application of questionnaires, the development of indices, perception tests and the analysis of stance, each of which having their own advantages. Researchers ultimately ought to recognize the fluid and dynamic nature of identities, but this fact should not hinder them from searching and developing more objective methods to study the possible influence of identities on patterns of language variation.

Keywords: Identities; Methodologies; Language Variation. 
Loss of RDM1 enhances hepatocellular carcinoma progression via p53 and Ras/Raf/ERK pathways
Authors: Chen Shi‐Lu , Liu Li‐Li , Wang Chun‐Hua , Lu Shi‐Xun , Yang Xia , He Yang‐Fan , Zhang Chris Zhiyi , Yun Jing‐Ping
Published: October 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with its ineffective therapeutic options and poor prognosis, represents a global threat. In the present study, we show that RAD52 motif 1 (RDM1), a key regulator of DNA double‐strand break repair and recombination, is downregulated in HCC tissues and suppresses tumor growth. In clinical HCC samples, low expression of RDM1 correlates with larger tumor size, poor tumor differentiation, and unfavorable survival. In vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that knockdown of RDM1 increases HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell population at G2/M phase, whereas RDM1 overexpression results in the opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, RDM1 binds to the tumor suppressor p53 and enhances its protein stability. In the presence of p53, RDM1 suppresses the phosphorylation of Raf and ERK. Overexpression of p53 or treatment with ERK inhibitor significantly abolishes cell proliferation induced by the depletion of RDM1. In addition, overexpression of methyltransferase‐like 3 markedly induces N6‐methyladenosine modification of RDM1 mRNA and represses its expression. Taken together, our study indicates that RDM1 functions as a tumor suppressor and may be a potential prognostic and therapeutic factor for HCC.
TheOrphanofZhaoon the World Stage
Authors: Kwa Shiamin
Published: October 2019

Ji Junxiang'sThe Orphan of Zhaowas azajuplay written in China's Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). The play, about the series of sacrifices made and strategies devised in order to save the life of the last remaining member of the Zhao family, was preserved in a contemporary Yuan printing, and then later anthologized in the succeeding Ming dynasty. Adaptations of the play, or famous scenes from its plot, continued to be performed in China over the centuries and persist today. This chapter discusses the original play as well as its global spread once it became the first Chinese play to be translated into a European language in the early eighteenth century. Versions by Metastasio, Voltaire, and Arthur Murphy represent the influence of the Chinese play in Enlightenment Europe. The play continues to thrive in adaptations for film, book, and stage in the twenty‐first century.
Bridge Essay: Modern Drama: A Multidimensional Live Form of World Literature
Authors: Luckhurst Mary
Published: October 2019

This chapter explains the contexts for the rise of modern drama and its hybridities. The chapter asserts that the global spread of modern drama is connected to local struggles for social justice, freedom of expression, and women's emancipation, major features of modernity. The power of modern drama lies in its easy appropriation by playwrights to address topical events, advocate for social and political reform, and bring human rights issues to the fore. While the representation and treatment of women has been a feature of many canonical plays by men, the material production of theater is generally controlled by males, and female playwrights have been neglected, especially writers of color.
The effect of topical epinephrine 1:1000 with and without infiltration of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 on endoscopic surgical field visualization: a double‐blind randomized controlled study
Authors: Tangbumrungtham Navarat , Hwang Peter H. , Maul Ximena , Borchard Nicole A. , Dholakia Sachi S. , Patel Zara M. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Choby Garret
Published: October 2019

Background

The objective of this study is to determine whether the infiltration of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in addition to topical application of 1:1000 epinephrine significantly improves surgical field grading scale score over topical 1:1000 epinephrine alone.

Methods

A prospective, double‐blind, randomized, controlled study was performed of 40 patients undergoing bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive infiltration with 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine on 1 side of the nasal cavity vs plain saline on the other side in preparation for ESS. Both groups received topical application of 1:1000 epinephrine. Surgical videos were recorded and Wormald surgical field grading scale was assigned by 2 blinded reviewers. The number of extra 1:1000 epinephrine pledgets used during the surgery, estimated blood loss, and surgical duration were also recorded.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in Wormald surgical field grading scale, number of extra pledgets used, or estimated blood loss between the nasal cavity side infiltrated with 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in comparison to infiltration with saline. The side infiltrated with 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine had a reduced operative time compared to the side infiltrated with saline (p = 0.002). There were no differences in postoperative bleeding from questionnaire completed by patient at the first postoperative visit.

Conclusion

Addition of infiltration of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 to topical application of epinephrine 1:1000 for preparation of ESS does not significantly improve surgical field of view compared to topical epinephrine alone.
The characteristics of hDPP4 transgenic mice subjected to aerosol MERS coronavirus infection via an animal nose‐only exposure device
Authors: Hao Xin‐yan , Lv Qi , Li Feng‐di , Xu Yan‐feng , Gao Hong
Published: October 2019

Background

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), which is not fully understood in regard to certain transmission routes and pathogenesis and lacks specific therapeutics and vaccines, poses a global threat to public health.

Methods

To simulate the clinical aerosol transmission route, hDPP4 transgenic mice were infected with MERS‐CoV by an animal nose‐only exposure device and compared with instillation‐inoculated mice. The challenged mice were observed for 14 consecutive days and necropsied on days 3, 5, 7, and 9 to analyze viral load, histopathology, viral antigen distribution, and cytokines in tissues.

Results

MERS‐CoV aerosol‐infected mice with an incubation period of 5‐7 days showed weight loss on days 7‐11, obvious lung lesions on day 7, high viral loads in the lungs on days 3‐9 and in the brain on days 7‐9, and 60% survival. MERS‐CoV instillation‐inoculated mice exhibited clinical signs on day 1, obvious lung lesions on days 3‐5, continuous weight loss, 0% survival by day 5, and high viral loads in the lungs and brain on days 3‐5. Viral antigen and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were detected in the aerosol and instillation groups. Disease, lung lesion, and viral replication progressions were slower in the MERS‐CoV aerosol‐infected mice than in the MERS‐CoV instillation‐inoculated mice.

Conclusion

hDPP4 transgenic mice were successfully infected with MERS‐CoV aerosols via an animal nose‐only exposure device, and aerosol‐ and instillation‐infected mice simulated the clinical symptoms of moderate diffuse interstitial pneumonia. However, the transgenic mice exposed to aerosol MERS‐CoV developed disease and lung pathology progressions that more closely resembled those observed in humans.
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Antiperovskites
Authors: Shi Chao , Yu Hui , Wang Qin‐Wen , Ye Le , Gong Zhi‐Xin , Ma Jia‐Jun , Jiang Jia‐Ying , Hua Miao‐Miao , Shuai Cijun , Zhang Yi , Ye Heng‐Yun
Published: October 2019

Substitution of A‐site and/or X‐site ions of ABX3‐type perovskites with organic groups can give rise to hybrid perovskites, many of which display intriguing properties beyond their parent compounds. However, this method cannot be extended effectively to hybrid antiperovskites. Now, the design of hybrid antiperovskites under the guidance of the concept of Goldschmidt's tolerance factor is presented. Spherical anions were chosen for the A and B sites and spherical organic cations for the X site, and seven hybrid antiperovskites were obtained, including (F3(H2O)x)(AlF6)(H2dabco)3, ((Co(CN)6)(H2O)5)(MF6)(H2dabco)3 (M=Al3+, Cr3+, or In3+), (Co(CN)6)(MF6)(H2pip)3 (M=Al3+ or Cr3+), and (SbI6)(AlF6)(H2dabco)3. These new structures reveal that all ions at A, B, and X sites of inorganic antiperovskites can be replaced by molecular ions to form hybrid antiperovskites. This work will lead to the synthesis of a large family of hybrid antiperovskites.
Multicomponent Reductive Cross‐Coupling of an Inorganic Sulfur Dioxide Surrogate: Straightforward Construction of Diversely Functionalized Sulfones
Authors: Meng Yingying , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: October 2019

Conventionally, sulfones are prepared by oxidation of sulfides with strong oxidants. Now, a multicomponent reductive cross‐coupling involving an inorganic salt (sodium metabisulfite) for the straightforward construction of sulfones is disclosed. Both intramolecular and intermolecular reductive cross‐couplings were comprehensively explored, and diverse sulfones were accessible from the corresponding alkyl and aryl halides. Intramolecular cyclic sulfones were systematically obtained from five‐ to twelve‐membered rings. Naturally occurring aliphatic systems, such as steroids, saccharides, and amino acids, were highly compatible with the SO2‐insertion reductive cross‐coupling. Four clinically applied drug molecules, which include multiple heteroatoms and functional groups with active hydrogens, were successfully prepared via a late‐stage SO2 insertion. Mechanistic studies show that alkyl radicals and sulfonyl radicals were both involved as intermediates in this transformation.
Hydrazide‐Catalyzed Polyene Cyclization: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Synthesis of cis‐Decalins
Authors: Plamondon Samuel J. , Warnica Josephine M. , Kaldre Dainis , Gleason James L.
Published: October 2019

Polyene cyclizations offer rapid entry into terpenoid ring systems. Although enantioselective cyclizations of (E)‐polyenes to form trans‐decalin ring systems are well precedented, highly enantioselective cyclizations of (Z)‐polyenes to form the corresponding cis‐decalins have not been reported. Here, we describe the first application of iminium catalysis to the initiation of polyene cyclizations. Ethyl 1,2‐diazepane‐1‐carboxylate catalyzes the cyclization of polyenes bearing enal initiators. Moreover, chiral bicyclic hydrazides catalyze the cyclizations of (Z)‐polyene substrates to form cis‐decalins with enantioselectivities of up to 97:3 er. DFT calculations suggest the catalysts promote the reaction by stabilizing positive charge as it develops during the bicyclization.
Membrane‐Anchoring Photosensitizer with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics for Combating Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Chen Huan , Li Shengliang , Wu Min , Kenry  , Huang Zhongming , Lee Chun‐Sing , Liu Bin
Published: October 2019

Traditional photosensitizers (PSs) show reduced singlet oxygen (1O2) production and quenched fluorescence upon aggregation in aqueous media, which greatly affect their efficiency in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, non‐targeting PSs generally yield low efficiency in antibacterial performance due to their short lifetimes and small effective working radii. Herein, a water‐dispersible membrane anchor (TBD‐anchor) PS with aggregation‐induced emission is designed and synthesized to generate 1O2 on the bacterial membrane. TBD‐anchor showed efficient antibacterial performance towards both Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Over 99.8 % killing efficiency was obtained for methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) when they were exposed to 0.8 μm of TBD‐anchor at a low white light dose (25 mW cm−2) for 10 minutes. TBD‐anchor thus shows great promise as an effective antimicrobial agent to combat the menace of multidrug‐resistant bacteria.
Widely Adaptable Oil‐in‐Water Gel Emulsions Stabilized by an Amphiphilic Hydrogelator Derived from Dehydroabietic Acid
Authors: Yan Tingting , Song Binglei , Pei Xiaomei , Cui Zhenggang , Binks Bernard P. , Yang Hengquan
Published: October 2019

A surfactant, R‐6‐AO, derived from dehydroabietic acid has been synthesized. It behaves as a highly efficient low‐molecular‐weight hydrogelator with an extremely low critical gelation concentration (CGC) of 0.18 wt % (4 mm). R‐6‐AO not only stabilizes oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions at concentrations above its critical micelle concentration (cmc) of 0.6 mm, but also forms gel emulsions at concentrations beyond the CGC with the oil volume fraction freely adjustable between 2 % and 95 %. Cryo‐TEM images reveal that R‐6‐AO molecules self‐assemble into left‐handed helical fibers with cross‐sectional diameters of about 10 nm in pure water, which can be turned to very stable hydrogels at concentrations above the CGC. The gel emulsions stabilized by R‐6‐AO can be prepared with different oils (n‐dodecane, n‐decane, n‐octane, soybean oil, olive oil, tricaprylin) owing to the tricyclic diterpene hydrophobic structure in their molecules that enables them to adopt a unique arrangement in the fibers.
Chirality‐Embedded Nanographenes
Authors: Nishitani Shohei , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu
Published: October 2019

The development of chiral nanographenes has mostly been carried out by bottom‐up methods and examples of species developed by the post‐modification of nanographenes prepared by top‐down methods remain limited. We show that the attachment of chiral functional groups onto the edge of nanographenes generates chirality on the surface. X‐ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculations indicate that the chirality of the functional groups is transferred to the surface via steric interactions from the chiral center through the five‐membered cyclic imide to the nanographene edge. The exciton coupling between the p‐bromophenyl groups confirms that the functional groups are arranged on the armchair edges at distances that permit exciton coupling, which provides information about their relative orientation. These pieces of information help to elucidate the edge structure of nanographenes prepared by top‐down methods.
Metalla‐Assembled Electron‐Rich Tweezers: Redox‐Controlled Guest Release Through Supramolecular Dimerization
Authors: Krykun Serhii , Dekhtiarenko Maksym , Canevet David , Carré Vincent , Aubriet Frédéric , Levillain Eric , Allain Magali , Voitenko Zoia , Sallé Marc , Goeb Sébastien
Published: October 2019

Developing methodologies for on‐demand control of the release of a molecular guest requires the rational design of stimuli‐responsive hosts with functional cavities. While a substantial number of responsive metallacages have already been described, the case of coordination‐tweezers has been less explored. Herein, we report the first example of a redox‐triggered guest release from a metalla‐assembled tweezer. This tweezer incorporates two redox‐active panels constructed from the electron‐rich 9‐(1,3‐dithiol‐2‐ylidene)fluorene unit that are facing each other. It dimerizes spontaneously in solution and the resulting interpenetrated supramolecular structure can dissociate in the presence of an electron‐poor planar unit, forming a 1:1 host–guest complex. This complex dissociates upon tweezer oxidation/dimerization, offering an original redox‐triggered molecular delivery pathway.
Snapshots of Dynamic Adaptation: Two‐Dimensional Molecular Architectonics with Linear Bis‐Hydroxamic Acid Modules
Authors: Jing Chao , Zhang Bodong , Synkule Sabine , Ebrahimi Maryam , Riss Alexander , Auwärter Willi , Jiang Li , Médard Guillaume , Reichert Joachim , Barth Johannes V. , Papageorgiou Anthoula C.
Published: October 2019

Linear modules equipped with two terminal hydroxamic acid groups act as the building block of diverse two‐dimensional supramolecular motifs and patterns with room‐temperature stability on the close‐packed single‐crystal surfaces of silver and gold, revealing a complex self‐assembly scenario. By combining multiple investigation techniques (scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations), we analyze the characteristics of the ordered assemblies which range from close‐packed structures to polyporous networks featuring an exceptionally extended primitive unit cell with a side length exceeding 7 nm. The polyporous network shows potential for hosting and promoting the formation of chiral supramolecules, whereas a transition from 1D chiral randomness to an ordered racemate is discovered in a different porous phase. We correlate the observed structural changes to the adaptivity of the building block and surface‐induced changes in the chemical state of the hydroxamic acid functional group.
Covalent Organic Framework for Improving Near‐Infrared Light Induced Fluorescence Imaging through Two‐Photon Induction
Authors: Zeng Jin‐Yue , Wang Xiao‐Shuang , Xie Bo‐Ru , Li Min‐Jie , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: October 2019

Fluorescent materials exhibiting two‐photon induction (TPI) are used for nonlinear optics, bioimaging, and phototherapy. Polymerizations of molecular chromophores to form π‐conjugated structures were hindered by the lack of long‐range ordering in the structure and strong π–π stacking between the chromophores. Reported here is the rational design of a benzothiadiazole‐based covalent organic framework (COF) for promoting TPI and obtaining efficient two‐photon induced fluorescence emissions. Characterization and spectroscopic data revealed that the enhancement in TPI performance is attributed to the donor‐π‐acceptor‐π‐donor configuration and regular intervals of the chromophores, the large π‐conjugation domain, and the long‐range order of COF crystals. The crystalline structure of TPI‐COF attenuates the π–π stacking interactions between the layers, and overcomes aggregation‐caused emission quenching of the chromophores for improving near‐infrared two‐photon induced fluorescence imaging.
Parallel Homochiral and Anti‐Parallel Heterochiral Hydrogen‐Bonding Interfaces in Multi‐Helical Abiotic Foldamers
Authors: Mazzier Daniela , De Soumen , Wicher Barbara , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan
Published: October 2019

A hydrogen‐bonding interface between helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers has been designed to promote the folding of a helix‐turn‐helix motif with a head‐to‐tail arrangement of two helices of opposite handedness. This design complements an earlier helix‐turn‐helix motif with a head‐to‐head arrangement of two helices of identical handedness interface. The two motifs were shown to have comparable stability and were combined in a unimolecular tetra‐helix fold constituting the largest abiotic tertiary structure to date.
Comparative analysis of dsRNA‐induced lncRNAs in three kinds of insect species
Authors: Guan Ruobing , Li Haichao , Zhang Hao , An Shiheng
Published: October 2019

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have immune responses to various stimuli have been identified in some insects. One type of pathogen‐associated molecular pattern, double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), can trigger the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway and immune response. Interestingly, there has been no research into characterizing the relationship between lncRNA and dsRNA‐induced RNAi pathways. In this study, dsRNA‐induced lncRNAs were investigated in two species of lepidopteran insects, Helicoverpa armigera and Plutella xylostella, and one species of coleopteran insects, Tribolium castaneum. Between untreated group and dsRNA‐induced group; 3,463 H. armigera, 6,245 P. xylostella, and 3,067 T. castaneum differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified while 156 H. armigera, 247 P. xylostella, 415 T. castaneum lncRNAs and their putative target genes showed consistent changes in gene expression. In T. castaneum, most target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs are enriched in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway, ABC transporters, and Janus kinase–signal transducers and activators of the transcription signaling pathway. Conversely, in H. armigera and P. xylostella, the differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly enriched in the metabolic, digestive, and synthetic signaling pathways. This result indicates that dsRNA‐induced lncRNA is species‐dependent. We also found that both Dicer‐2 and the lncRNA that targets Dicer‐2 were significantly upregulated after dsRNA treatment in P. xylostella, indicating that some lncRNAs may be involved in the regulation of the core RNAi pathway in insects. Our results are the first to identify a relationship between lncRNAs and dsRNA in various insect species with different RNAi efficiencies. These results provide a reference for future study of the dsRNA‐induced RNAi pathway and different RNAi efficiencies among insect species.
Ambidextrous α,γ‐Hybrid Peptide Foldamers
Authors: Misra Rajkumar , George Gijo , Saseendran Abhijith , Raghothama Srinivasarao , Gopi Hosahudya N.
Published: October 2019

Molecular chirality is ubiquitous in nature. The natural biopolymers, proteins and DNA, preferred a right‐handed helical bias due to the inherent stereochemistry of the monomer building blocks. Here, we are reporting a rare co‐existence of left‐ and right‐handed helical conformations and helix‐terminating property at the C‐terminus within a single molecule of α,γ‐hybrid peptide foldamers composed of achiral Aib (α‐aminoisobutyric acid) and 3,3‐dimethyl‐substituted γ‐amino acid (Adb; 4‐amino‐3,3‐dimethylbutanoic acid). At the molecular level, the left‐ and right‐handed helical screw sense of α,γ‐hybrid peptides are representing a macroscopic tendril perversion. The pronounced helix‐terminating behaviour of C‐terminal Adb residues was further explored to design helix–Schellman loop mimetics and to study their conformations in solution and single crystals. The stereochemical constraints of dialkyl substitutions on γ‐amino acids showed a marked impact on the folding behaviour of α,γ‐hybrid peptides.
Berücksichtigung von Dauerstandseffekten im Nachrechnungswert der Betondruckfestigkeit
Authors: Weber Michael , Sefrin Rabea , Schnell Jürgen , Glock Christian
Published: October 2019

Prof. Hegger hat sich als deutscher Vertreter in dem Normengremium CEN/TC250/SC2/WG2 und als Obmann des zugehörigen Deutschen Spiegelausschusses mit unermüdlichem Einsatz herausragende Verdienste um die Weiterentwicklung des Eurocodes 2 erworben. Die nächste Generation dieses Normenwerks wird auch Regelungen zum Bauen im Bestand enthalten. In diesem Zusammenhang ist eine Vielzahl offener Fragen zu den Grundlagen der Stahlbetonbemessung zu beantworten.

Einem diesbezüglichen Aspekt geht der vorliegende Beitrag nach. Dabei soll geklärt werden, ob sich lang andauernde Beanspruchung auf Gebrauchsniveau in nennenswertem Umfang auf den anzusetzenden Dauerstandsbeiwert αcc auswirkt. Im Neubaufall (Bemessung) wird dieser Wert in Deutschland mit 0,85 angenommen. Bei der Nachweisführung für Bestandstragwerke (Nachrechnung), die auf der Entnahme von Bohrkernen basiert, die sowohl die Nacherhärtung des Betons als auch seine Vorbelastung „enthalten“, stellt sich grundsätzlich die Frage, ob der Dauerstandsbeiwert in gleicher Größe wie im Neubaufall anzusetzen ist.

Wenngleich die im Bestand typischerweise vorliegende große Streuung der Betondruckfestigkeit eine mit vertretbarem Aufwand erzielbare, wissenschaftlich voll befriedigende Nachweisführung verhindert, kann nachfolgend anhand durchgeführter eigener Versuche doch eine eindeutige Empfehlung zur Berücksichtigung von Dauerstandseffekten im Nachrechnungswert der Betondruckfestigkeit formuliert werden.
“Do human values matter for promoting brands on social media? How social media users' values influence valuable brand‐related activities such as sharing, content creation, and reviews”
Authors: Nikolinakou Angeliki , Phua Joe
Published: October 2019

Companies consider social media‐based consumer engagement behaviors such as sharing, content creation, and reviews for brands as more valuable than “liking” or consuming brand content. Studies show that branded content shared or created by consumers on social media may drive more brand awareness and loyalty than “likes” (Adweek, 2013). Global companies are increasingly focusing their efforts on motivating consumer‐driven content creation (e.g., Coca‐Cola #shareacoke and Apple #ShotoniPhone; Sprout Index, 2018). However, marketing practitioners are only recently beginning to understand social media audiences who engage in such activities (Adweek, 2018). This study posits that human values can be used to identify and segment audiences for social media‐based valuable brand activities. Three online surveys were conducted with Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram users (ages 18–34) on Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 491). The relationship between social media users' values and their reported social media activities was examined. Findings indicate that the human values examined (conservation, self‐enhancement, openness to change and self‐transcendence) are significant drivers of valuable brand‐related social media activities. Companies should address conservation‐driven users in order to elicit brand sharing and creation activities. Companies should target conservation‐driven users for sharing promotions, self‐enhancement‐driven users for sharing informational content and writing of product reviews, and openness to change‐driven users for user‐generated content. Bussinesses should further highlight their corporate social responsibility efforts as a negative relationship is found between users' self‐transcendence values and brand activities. Recommendations are provided on how brandscan address users' values in their social media marketing to motivate sharing of branded content and content creation.
Derlin‐1 exhibits oncogenic activities and indicates an unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Zeng Jinsheng , Tian Qiuhong , Zeng Zhimin , Cai Jing , Ye Meiyu , Liu Yaxiong , Liu Anwen
Published: October 2019

Derlin‐1 is involved in the elimination of misfolded proteins and has been implicated in the progression of human cancers. However, its prognostic value and biological function in breast cancer remain unknown. Here, we show that Derlin‐1 is overexpressed in breast cancer and exhibits oncogenic activities via interaction with UBE2C. Increased expression of Derlin‐1 is correlated with lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and unfavorable overall survival in two cohorts containing over 1,000 patients. Multivariate analyses by the Cox regression model suggest Derlin‐1 is an independent factor for poor prognosis. In vitro experiments demonstrate that Derlin‐1 expression is transcriptionally upregulated by c‐Myc. Ectopic expression of Derlin‐1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, whereas the knockdown of Derlin‐1 results in the opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, Derlin‐1 directly binds to UBE2C to increase the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. The treatment of UBE2C siRNA markedly attenuates Derlin‐1‐mediated cell growth and migration. Collectively, our data suggest Derlin‐1 is a potential prognostic factor and functions as an oncogene in breast cancer.
Patient‐rated impulsivity and aggression compared with clinician‐rated risk in a forensic psychiatric sample: Predicting inpatient incidents
Authors: Karsten Julie , Akkerman‐Bouwsema Gerjonne J. , Hagenauw Loes A. , Gerlsma Coby , Lancel Marike
Published: October 2019

Background

Measures of impulsivity and aggression help to indicate risk of future violence or rule‐breaking. Both clinician‐rated risk assessment and self‐report measures have been used but hardly ever compared in their ability to predict inpatient incidents.

Aims

To compare the self‐report on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11) and Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) with the clinician‐rated HKT‐30, a Dutch adaptation of the Historical Clinical Risk Management‐20, for their capacity to predict inpatient incidents.

Methods

All men newly admitted to a forensic psychiatric hospital were invited to participate in this study unless in intensive care. Tests of correlation were run between the BIS‐11 and BPAQ scale scores and the HKT‐30. Each was then tested separately for capacity to predict the number of aggressive and nonaggressive incidents while resident. Finally, scores of all rating scales were entered together into a negative binomial regression to compare their relative strengths in predicting later incidents.

Results

Patient and staff baseline impulsivity and aggression ratings correlated moderately well. All measures performed well in univariate analyses of relationship between baseline measures and later incidents. In final models, which included both patient and staff baseline ratings, the HKT‐30 generally outperformed the self‐report measures in the prediction of aggressive and nonaggressive incidents in both the first year and total length of stay.

Implications for clinical practice

Our findings suggest that some reliance may be placed on patient ratings of their own propensity for impulsive and/or violent acts, but, when used, they should remain combined with clinician‐rated risk assessment for the time being. Future research should explore their utility in dialogue about treatment, and also the relative strength of staff response to each.
Filling in the gaps: Implantable bronchial valves in pediatric patients with persistent leaks
Authors: Kuranga Abraham O. , Hysinger Erik B. , Caudell Stamper Danielle , Benzaquen Sadia
Published: October 2019

This series presents an adult procedure that benefits young patients with persistent air leaks. This less invasive procedure can be done outpatient with adult/pediatric bronchoscopists providing patients less invasive procedures with better outcomes.
Simultaneous Spin‐Crossover Transition and Conductivity Switching in a Dinuclear Iron(II) Coordination Compound Based on 7,7′,8,8′‐Tetracyano‐p‐quinodimethane
Authors: Ishikawa Ryuta , Ueno Shuya , Nifuku Shoei , Horii Yoji , Iguchi Hiroaki , Miyazaki Yuji , Nakano Motohiro , Hayami Shinya , Kumagai Shohei , Katoh Keiichi , Li Zhao‐Yang , Yamashita Masahiro , Kawata Satoshi
Published: October 2019

The reaction of Fe(OAc)2 and Hbpypz with neutral TCNQ results in the formation of [Fe2(bpypz)2(TCNQ)2](TCNQ)2 (1), in which Hbpypz=3,5‐bis(2‐pyridyl)pyrazole and TCNQ=7,7′,8,8′‐tetracyano‐p‐quinodimethane. Crystal packing of 1 with uncoordinated TCNQ and π–π stacking of bpypz− ligands produces an extended two‐dimensional supramolecular coordination assembly. Temperature dependence of the dc magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements indicate that 1 undergoes an abrupt spin crossover (SCO) with thermal spin transition temperatures of 339 and 337 K for the heating and cooling modes, respectively, resulting in a thermal hysteresis of 2 K. Remarkably, the temperature dependence of dc electrical transport exhibits a transition that coincides with thermal SCO, demonstrating the thermally induced magnetic and electrical bistability of 1, strongly correlating magnetism with electrical conductivity. This outstanding feature leads to thermally induced simultaneous switching of magnetism and electrical conductivity and a magnetoresistance effect.
Polymorphous Luminescent Materials Based on ′T′‐Shaped Molecules Bearing 4,7‐Diphenylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole Skeletons: Effect of Substituents on the Photophysical Properties
Authors: Qian Gaowei , Wang Xiangbing , Wang Shengyue , Zheng Yanqiong , Wang Song , Zhu Weiguo , Wang Yafei
Published: October 2019

Polymorphism, the intrinsic character of one chemical compound with at least two distinct phase arrangements, plays a very key role in the photophysical properties. In this contribution, four ′T′‐shaped molecules bearing the 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BTD) skeleton, named 5 a–5 d, were prepared and characterized. All compounds exhibited excellent thermal stability and polymorphism in the solid state, evident from thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized optical microscopy results. Intense emissions with high photoluminescent quantum yields were achieved both in solution (56–97 %) and neat films (33–98 %). All compounds possessed clearly pH‐dependent luminescence properties in solution. Additionally, compound 5 d showed useful mechanochromic luminescence owing to the transformation between the crystal and amorphous state. Employing compounds 5 a–5 d as the dopant, solution‐processable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated and presented a highest external quantum efficiency of 6.15 %, which is higher than the theoretical value of fluorescence‐based OLEDs (∼5 %). This research provided a novel strategy for designing high‐efficiency BTD‐based polymorphic luminescent materials.
The Nargenicin Family of Oxa‐Bridged Macrolide Antibiotics
Authors: Pidot Sacha J. , Rizzacasa Mark A.
Published: October 2019

The nargenicin family of antibiotic macrolides comprise a group of bacterial natural products with a rare ether bridged cis‐decalin moiety and a narrow spectrum of activity. Most family members were identified almost four decades ago and were placed on the shelf due to the numbers of broad‐spectrum compounds available at the time. However, in light of rising rates of antimicrobial resistance, there has been a renewed interest in the use of narrow‐spectrum antimicrobials. Here, we review the history of this family of compounds, including synthetic approaches, and highlight the recently uncovered genetic basis for nargenicin production. Given the renewed pharmaceutical interest in these compounds, we also investigate structure–activity relationships among these molecules, with a view to the future development of members of this unusual antibiotic family.
Untying the Photophysics of Quinolinium‐Based Molecular Knots and Links
Authors: Caprice Kenji , Aster Alexander , Cougnon Fabien B. L. , Kumpulainen Tatu
Published: October 2019

Complex molecular knots and links are still difficult to synthesize and the properties arising from their topology are mostly unknown. Here, we report on a comparative photophysical study carried out on a family of closely related quinolinium‐based knots and links to determine the impact exerted by topology on the molecular backbone. Our results indicate that topology has a negligible influence on the behavior of loosely braided molecules, which mostly behave like their unbraided equivalents. On the other hand, tightly braided molecules display distinct features. Their higher packing density results in a pronounced ability to resist deformation, a significant reduction in the solvent‐accessible surface area and favors close‐range π–π interactions between the quinolinium units and neighboring aromatics. Finally, the sharp alteration in behavior between loosely and tightly braided molecules sheds light on the factors contributing to braiding tightness.
Characteristics of as‐prepared biochar derived from catalytic pyrolysis within moderate‐temperature ionic liquid for CO2 uptake
Authors: Du Yarong , Fan Zeng , Guo Tianxiang , Xu Junpeng , Han Zhonghe , Pan Yuanfeng , Xiao Huining , Sun Yiming , Yan Qingqi
Published: October 2019

A promising biochar as solid adsorbent for CO2 uptake was prepared by the catalytic pyrolysis of coconut shell in moderate‐temperature ionic liquid (IL). Then, it was characterized by means of SEM, EDS, BPEA, BET, NLDFT, FTIR, and TG‐DSC, and a mechanism interpretation of the porous biochar formation was conducted. In addition, the adsorption characteristics of CO2 on the as‐prepared biochar, such as adsorption capacity, adsorption potential, isosteric heat, and static selectivity at different adsorption temperatures and pressures, were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that the as‐prepared biochar exhibited an adequate CO2 adsorption with a capacity of 4.5 mmol/g at 273 K and 100 kPa. Then, a significant number of slit‐like pores were revealed to exist on the as‐prepared biochar with a peak pore size between a range of 0.6 nm‐2 nm. The porous structure formation was ascribed to the release of carbon‐, hydrogen‐, oxygen‐, sulphur‐, and nitrogen‐containing compounds during biochar preparation. Meanwhile, both the adsorption potential and isosteric heat of the CO2 uptake under the tested conditions decreased with an increase in the adsorption capacity, which ranged from 33 kJ/mol‐21 kJ/mol and 23 kJ/mol‐7 kJ/mol, respectively. Therefore, the isosteric heat could be considered as a piecewise function of adsorption capacity. In addition, the molar ratios of CO2 over N2 adsorbed under the tested conditions were above 11 and were accompanied by molar ratio peaks of 26 at 273 K and 19 at 298 K, respectively. Moreover, an interesting phenomenon occurred: the static adsorptive selectivity of CO2 over N2 first increased and then decreased and there was an increase in the adsorption pressure at the tested adsorption temperatures.
The evaluation of customer experience using BP neural network‐taking catering O2O takeout
Authors: Pei Yi‐Lei , Li Dan‐Dan , Xue Wan‐Xin
Published: October 2019

In China, catering O2O takeout develops rapidly; thus, there is the fierce competition in the catering O2O industry. More and more catering O2O takeout platforms focus on customer experience, especially service experience in distribution link, so it is extremely necessary to evaluate customer experience of catering O2O takeout in China scientifically and reasonably. This paper establishes a customer experience evaluation index system from the perspectives of O2O takeout platform, delivery staff, and distribution process. This paper uses the BP Neural Network Model to evaluate customer experience of catering O2O takeout, uses Principal Component Analysis to extract principal components as the input of BP neural network model, and uses the model of MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox to conduct the training simulation with customer experience data. The results show that the model can evaluate customer experience of catering O2O takeout. The analysis in this paper provides a new evaluation method of customer experience for catering O2O takeout in China.