bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Influence of Water-cooled Stool During the Process of Unidirectional Solidification
Authors: Ao Guangwu , Shen Minggang , Zhang Zhenshan , Li Xiaodong
Published: October 2015

A mathematical model for a unidirectionally solidified ingot cooled with a multi-set water-cooling system was
established with ProCAST software. Temperature and heat flux fields in a 45 t ingot during solidification under the
influences of a traditional water-cooled stool and an improved one were predicted by using this model. The results of
temperature distribution and heat flux field show that the proposed chassis cooling system can improve the vertical
temperature gradient. Uniform columnar grains from the top to the bottom of the ingot were revealed by the modeling
results indicating that improved mechanical properties of the cast product could be achieved.
Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Around Iron Tailing Areas at Different Using
Status
Authors: Song Fengmin , Zhang Xingchang , Wang Yanmin , Li Chen
Published: October 2015

Heavy metal pollution was a dynamic changing process for a long period and on large spatial scale. The heavy
metal content in tailing soil varied with time changing. The distribution and cumulative characteristics of heavy metals in
different time and surrounding soil caused by ore dressing and smelting activities were different. The aim of this study
was to assess the geochemical characteristics and pollution status of heavy metals in soil around 2 iron tailing areas at different
using status. Samples were collected around the 2 different iron tailing and sieved through nylon sieves. Metals
were measured in digested solutions by a atomic emission spectrometer. The concentration of all heavy metals (Fe, Mn,
V, Cu, Ni) in the soil around using M tailing area exceeded local soil background value; however, the content of all metals
except Fe in soil around closed W tailing areas were lower than background value. BCR results showed that average exchangeable
fraction of Mn in soil around W and M accounted for 11.87%, 11.78% of the total concentration, respectively;
average exchangeable and reducible fractions of Ni accounted for 26.97% and 13.59%, respectively; average oxidizable
fraction of Cu accounted for 18.6%, 31.63% in soil around W and M, respectively, which were higher than other metals;
residual fraction of Fe, V accounted for more than 80% of the total concentration. The results indicate the soil was moderately
contaminated by heavy metal around M and unpolluted around W. However, the risk assessment results performed
that Mn showed moderate potential ecological risk and other metals showed low potential risk.
Stall Flutter Suppression for Absolutely Divergent Motions of Wind
Turbine Blade Base on H-Infinity Mixed-Sensitivity Synthesis Method
Authors: Liu Tingrui
Published: October 2015

This paper is devoted to solve the problem of stall flutter suppression for an absolutely divergent blade of small
scale wind turbine. The blade is specially designed with absolutely divergent motions for the purpose of determining the
most effective methods of active control for stall flutter suppression. A 2-DOF blade section is considered, with a
simplified stall nonlinear aerodynamic model being applied. H-infinity mixed-sensitivity synthesis method with a new
three-weight regulation is designed to control the time-domain instability of aeroelastic equations, with a third weight
being chosen to weight complementary sensitivity for tracking problems and noise attenuation to robust stabilization in H-infinity
control. Effects on flutter suppression are investigated based on different structural and external parameters.
Apparent effects of H-infinity mixed-sensitivity method are displayed in the paper, when the other common intelligent
control methods fail. The research provides a control way for absolutely divergent turbine blade motions.
Researches on the Observation on the Jetting of Liquid of High Viscosity
and Droplet Control
Authors: Zhan Hong-wu , Xu Fang , Lu Ling-feng
Published: October 2015

Valve regulated droplet jetting is an important method for the generation of liquid droplet of high viscosity.
Based on learning from piezoelectric micro-droplet jetting mechanism and researching methods, theoretical analysis and
simulation were conducted on the factors affecting the micro-droplet jetting volume, and the qualitative relationship between
the size of the jetted droplet and the feed pressure and striker stroke so as to guide the designing of the structure of
the pneumatic valve control type nozzle and design the droplet jetting system and observation experiment platform based
on stroboscopic techniques. Different jetting parameters was changed according to the results of the theoretical analysis
for the conduction of jetting experiment, and several glycerin solutions at different solutions were taken as the working
liquid for studying the effect of the several factors like feed pressure, pulse driving pressure, driving pulse width, and
striker stroke. The striker would not be lifted to an ultimate position through controlling the pulse air pressure or driving
pulse width so as to be able to jet extremely tiny droplet, but this is of rather bad stability. It is the most effective, stable
and optimized method to control the striker stroke so as to change the diameter and shapes of the droplets.
Diagnostic Value of Procalcitonin in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV) to Differentiate Between Disease Activity, Infection and Drug Hypersensitivity
Authors: Herrmann K , Schinke S , Csernok E , Moosig F , Holle J.U
Published: October 2015

Objective:

Procalcitonin (PCT) is considered to be a specific marker for severe bacterial infections and sepsis. Elevated PCT levels have been reported in active autoimmune diseases without infection.

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of PCT serum levels in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with respect to infection, disease activity and drug fever using a high sensitive PCT detection method.

Methods:

In 53 AAV patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) PCT was determined by the Thermo Scientific BRAHMS PCT sensitive KRYPTOR assay. Patients underwent standardized diagnostic procedures for evaluation of disease activity and infection.

Results:

53 patients with AAV and elevated CRP (7.7±6.9 mg/dl, PCT 0.34±1.02 ng/ml) were assessed, 10 had infection with elevated CRP levels of 11.2±10.2 mg/dl and PCT levels of 1.06±2.07 ng/dl. 43 patients had no evidence of infection, 36 of them were presented with AAV with normal or only slightly positive PCT levels in active disease (n=36) (PCT 0.06±0.06 ng/ml). 7 patients had increased PCT levels due to azathioprine hypersensitivity (0.76±1.01 ng/ml). For discrimination between infection and vasculitis activity PCT was more useful than CRP with the best cut-off at 0.1 ng/ml (sensitivity 60%, specificity 92%).

Conclusion:

In contrast to previous studies using semiquantitative PCT assays, the KRYPTOR performs better with respect to discrimination of infection from active AAV. In all patients assessed with active AAV (and without infection) PCT levels remained below the PCT reference limit (0.5 ng/ml) for infections. Drug hypersensitivity seems to be an important differential diagnosis in the setting of elevated CRP and PCT in patients who receive azathioprine.
Identification and characterization of genic microsatellites in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook (Taxodiaceae)
Authors: Xu Yang , Zheng Renhua , Wang Zhanjun , Wang Ying , Hong Zhou , Yang Liwei , Lu Ye , Zhao Yaqi , Chen Jinhui , Shi Jisen
Published: October 2015

Genomic resources for conventional breeding programs are extremely limited
for coniferous trees, and existing simple sequence repeat markers are usually
identified through the laborious process of hybridization screening.
Therefore, this study aimed to identify gene-based microsatellites in the
Chinese fir, Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook by screening transcript
data. We identified 5200 microsatellites. Trinucleotide motifs were most
common (47.94%) and were followed by tetranucleotide motifs (24.92%). The
AG/CT motif (43.93%) was the most abundant dinucleotide repeat, whereas
AAG/CTT (25.07%) was the most common trinucleotide repeat. A total of 411
microsatellite primer pairs were designed and 97 polymorphic loci were
identified by 8 genotypes. The number of alleles per locus (Na) in these
polymorphic loci ranged from 2 to 5 (mean, 2.640), the Ho values were
0.000-1.000 (mean, 0.479), and the HE values were 0.125-0.775 (mean, 0.462).
The polymorphic information content (PIC) values were 0.110-0.715 (mean,
0.383). Seventy-two of the 97 polymorphic markers (74.23%) were present
within genes with predicted functions. In addition, in genetic diversity and
segregation analyses of 16 genotypes, only 5.88% of the polymorphic loci
displayed segregation distortion at the p<0.05 level. Transferable
amplification of a randomly selected set of 30 genic microsatellites showed
that transferability decreased with increasing evolutionary distance between
C. lanceolata and target conifers. Thus, these 97 genic markers will be
useful for genetic diversity analysis, germplasm characterization, genome
mapping and marker-assisted breeding in C. lanceolata, and evolutionary
genetic analysis in Taxodiaceae.
S-TFRC: An efficient rate control scheme for multimedia handovers
Authors: Ullah Imdad , Shah Zawar , Baig Adeel
Published: October 2015

The integration of heterogeneous wireless access technologies has numerous
issues for multimedia applications, such as to smoothly continue over new
connections without any service disruption during vertical handovers. We
propose State-Aware Feedback extension to Datagram Congestion Control
Protocol (DCCP) that meets QoS requirements of multimedia applications
throughout the handover process. We consider movement of mobile subscribers
among heterogeneous access technologies from highly unstable to more stable
environment and model their mobility patterns as Uniform, Pareto, and
Exponentially distributed. We present detailed analysis on the performance of
proposed mechanism in terms of resuming transmissions during the handover
process. In particular, we propose Markov model of TFRC capturing TCP
timeouts, loss rates, and no-feedback timer expirations. We validate the
proposed analytical model through simulations and show that it accurately
predicts various congestion events that may happen during the handover
process. We then evaluate the performance of S-TFRC via both simulations and
analytical model and observe the sender rates and throughputs achieved. We
also consider transmission delays and transmission rates as performance
metrics and compare performance of S-TFRC with the standard TFRC. Our results
show that S-TFRC is capable of providing better QoS to multimedia
applications than standard TFRC by significantly reducing transmission delays
and provides better throughput to multimedia applications.
Temperature Dependence of Solution-Induced Weakening of Compacted Snow
Authors: Wåhlin Johan , Klein-Paste Alex
Published: October 2015

Snow that compacts on roads is difficult to remove and may become slippery at temperatures close to the melting point. To avoid snow compaction, chemicals are often applied before or during a snowstorm. Initially chemicals act by melting the snow. The solution that forms then reduces the ability of the snow to compact by weakening the bonds between individual snow crystals. Although the melting capacity of various chemicals has been thoroughly studied at different temperatures, the temperature dependence of the anticompactive effect that liquid solution has on snow is unknown. This anticompactive effect was studied in an experiment in which snow was mixed with a solution at equilibrium with ice and compacted to a constant dry density. The degree of compaction was indicated with a micropenetration hardness test. The experiment was performed at three temperatures: −2°C, −6°C, and −17°C (28°F, 21°F, and 1°F). The results showed that the liquid solution became less efficient at lower temperatures. To achieve the same snow hardness at −17°C, five and three times more solution was required than that required at −2°C and −6°C, respectively. At −6°C, approximately 1.7 times more solution was required than that required at −2°C. The combination of increased solution content at lower temperatures with the increased concentration required for a solution to remain liquid leads to a large increase in required salt application as the temperature decreases. This combination likely contributes to chemicals losing their practical effectiveness in winter maintenance at temperatures substantially higher than the eutectic temperature.
Winter Road Surface Condition Monitoring
Authors: Linton Michael A. , Fu Liping
Published: October 2015

This paper describes the field evaluation of a smartphone-based winter road surface condition (RSC) monitoring system. The system was deployed on eight maintenance and patrol vehicles and tested during the winter of 2013–2014 on a section of Highway 6 in Ontario, Canada. The study focused on data obtained from four of the vehicles. This paper details the evaluation of the system from three perspectives: spot-wise monitoring, route-level monitoring, and system reliability. The study compared the system's RSC monitoring results with manual classifications, patrol records, and the Traveller's Road Information Portal, a public-facing website. The system's consistency with current RSC monitoring methods was assessed, and it was found that the smartphone-based system was capable of providing reliable results in comparison with the current method of patrol reporting for route-level monitoring of winter road conditions. Key performance factors were investigated, and the paper presents recommendations for system improvement.
Ice Formation and the Effectiveness of Deicing Agent on Porous Asphalt and Stone Mastic Asphalt
Authors: Takahashi Naoto , Tanaka Shunsuke , Tokunaga Roberto A. , Tayu Fumimasa , Takeichi Kiyoshi , Kami Seiichi , Sakakibara Hitoshi
Published: October 2015

Porous asphalt (PA) and stone mastic asphalt (SMA) are widely used by many transportation agencies and public works officials. However, the best winter maintenance practices for PA and SMA are unclear and generally unquantified. In this study, laboratory tests under controlled, artificial wintry conditions were conducted to evaluate the winter performance of PA and SMA. The test results are summarized as follows: (a) PA was effective at reducing the amount of water that formed an ice layer on the pavement surface and the thickness of the ice layer. SMA had intermediate effects between those of dense-graded asphalt (DGA) and PA. (b) The rate of decrease in ice layer thickness was found to be the largest for PA; that for SMA was intermediate between those for DGA and PA. (c) The features described above were dependent on the temperature and the amount of water applied. Analysis of the experimental data found that the coefficient of friction had a strong correlation with ice layer thickness, and the ice layer thickness was predicted from mean profile depth, permeability, temperature, water dosage, deicer application amount, and number of wheel passes. Accordingly, the study suggests the possibility of determining the ice layer thickness at which friction-generating contact between the pavement and the tire is reduced and how much deicer is needed to maintain a certain level of service based on pavement type, weather conditions, and traffic volume.
Comparison of Rectangular and Circular Rapid-Flashing Beacons in an Open-Road Setting
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kay , Potts Ingrid B. , Brewer Marcus A. , Avelar Raul
Published: October 2015

Several methods, including one that supplements signage with beacons or embedded LEDs, have been used to emphasize the presence of a pedestrian crossing. A device that has received national attention is the rectangular rapid-flashing beacon (RRFB). A question that is being asked about the device is whether the beacons need to be rectangular. Could they be circular? For a comparison of the two devices, RRFBs and circular rapid-flashing beacons (CRFBs) were installed at 12 sites in four cities (i.e., Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Flagstaff, Arizona; Austin, Texas; and College Station, Texas). CRFBs were installed initially at half of the sites, while RRFBs were installed at the other half. The same flash pattern was used in all cases, regardless of beacon shape. A staged pedestrian protocol was used to collect driver yielding data to ensure that oncoming drivers received a consistent presentation of approaching pedestrians. The preliminary findings showed only minor, if any, differences between the CRFB and the RRFB (i.e., average daytime yielding rate with CRFB was 63%; it was 59% with RRFB). The results from the generalized linear mixed model indicated no significant differences between the two beacon shapes ( p-value = .4717). For a subset of the sites, the luminous intensity (also called brightness) of the beacons was measured. There was evidence of an increasing yielding rate with increasing intensity at night. In conclusion, the shape of the yellow rapid-flashing beacon did not have an impact on whether a driver decided to yield to waiting pedestrians.
Removal of Zn from Contaminated Sediment by FeCl3 in HCl Solution
Authors: Lee Sang-hun , Kwon Ohhyeok , Yoo Kyoungkeun , Alorro Richard
Published: October 2015

Harbor sediments contaminated with ZnS concentrate were treated by ferric chloride in HCl solution to remove Zn. The sediments were evaluated using Tessier’s sequential extraction method to determine the different metal phase associations of Zn. Leaching tests were performed to investigate the effects of experimental factors, such as agitation speed, ferric ion concentration, temperature, and pulp density, on the removal of Zn. The sequential extraction procedure revealed that about 17.7% of Zn in the sediment was associated with soluble carbonate and oxide phases. The results of the leaching tests indicated that higher ferric concentration and temperature increased the leaching efficiencies significantly, while the agitation speed has a negligible effect on the removal of Zn. The removal ratio increased to more than 99% within 120 min of treatment at 1 kmol·m−3 HCl solution with 1 kmol·m−3 Fe3+, 10% pulp density, and 400 rpm at 90 °C. The dissolution kinetics of Zn were discussed by comparing the two shrinking core models. It was determined that the kinetic data followed the diffusion controlled model well compared to the surface chemical reaction model. The activation energies were calculated to be 76.9 kJ/mol, 69.6 kJ/mol, and 58.5 kJ/mol for 0.25 kmol·m−3, 0.5 kmol·m−3, and 1 kmol·m−3 Fe3+, respectively.
Jacques Cauvin et la religion néolithique. Genèse d’une théorie
Authors: Aurenche Olivier
Published: October 2015

En reprenant l’ensemble des publications de Jacques Cauvin, on montre comment s’est progressivement dégagé le rôle de la « religion » ou plus exactement l’évolution du « milieu intérieur », comme moteur de la néolithisation du Proche-Orient. À l’époque, cette idée prenait alors le contre-pied des idées dominantes dans la communauté scientifique qui faisait de la néolithisation une réponse à des contraintes environnementales extérieures à l’homme. Les découvertes récentes semblent bien aller dans le sens d’un primat du symbolique sur le climatique ou l’économique dans le processus qui a abouti à la « révolution » néolithique.
Reflections on Neolithisation Processes. Jacques Cauvin: The right man for the season
Authors: Belfer-Cohen Anna , Goring-Morris A. Nigel
Published: October 2015

Les éléments du paradigme de Jacques Cauvin sur la Néolithisation au Levant sont examinés à la lumière des recherches récentes. Nous nous attachons en particulier à celles qui sont en rapport avec la terminologie concernant la géographie physique et culturelle du Levant ; la nécessité de considérer le processus de néolithisation dans la perspective de la longue durée, incluant l’Épipaléolithique, dans un contexte offrant différents développements sociaux-culturels de plus en plus complexes.
Gods and Monsters: Image and Cognition in Neolithic Societies
Authors: Wengrow David
Published: October 2015

Images have long been accorded a privileged role in the interpretation of prehistoric ritual and belief systems. For Jacques Cauvin, they formed the basis of an argument that the origins of agriculture in the Neolithic Near East were contingent upon a conceptual revolution in hunter-gatherer societies : the ‘ birth of the gods’. The present article considers more recent efforts to incorporate perspectives from cognitive psychology into the interpretation of Neolithic imagery, with particular emphasis upon the interpretation of composite fi gures, comprising incongruous elements of human and/ or animal anatomy. Was ‘ the birth of the gods’ also, in any sense, ‘ the birth of monsters’, and if not, then to what kind of ‘ cultural ecology’ do these strange composites belong ?
Contour Tones and Prosodic Structure in Medumba
Authors: Franich Kathryn H.
Published: October 2015

n/a
The Effect of Duration and Glottalization on the Perception of Rhythm
Authors: Kelly Niamh , Crowhurst Megan , Cobb Crystal
Published: October 2015

Not available.
Encoding Contrast, Inviting Disapproval: The Place of Ata in Belizean Kriol
Authors: Salmon William
Published: October 2015

n/a
Paychecks, Stress, and Variable-Free Semantics
Authors: Jacobson Pauline
Published: October 2015

n/a
On the Structure of Indefinite Possessives
Authors: Storto Gianluca
Published: October 2015

I present evidence that indefinite possessives display some peculiar semantic properties distinguishing them from other types of possessive DPs. In particular, indefinite possessives do not license contextual interpretations, which are instead available for the corresponding definite possessives and possessive partitives. This semantic asymmetry argues against existing theories according to which indefinite possessives are structurally equivalent to definite possessives (Kayne (1994)) or to possessive partitives (Barker (1998); Zamparelli (1998)).The unavailability of contextual interpretations for indefinite possessives is accounted for in Storto ([to appear]) in terms of the discourse semantics of these DPs: indefinite possessives cannot be interpreted as discourse-specific DPs. This semantic peculiarity is due to the interaction between their partitive structure and the indefiniteness of the nominal embedded under of The implementation of this idea proposed in Storto ([to appear]), however, is not compatible with the "classic" formulation of the Partitive Constraint. I show that this proposal can be maintained under a reformulation of the Partitive Constraint along the lines of de Hoop (1997), and draw some conclusions on the structural complxity of indefinite possessives in a crosslinguistic perspective.
Conjunction is Parallel Computation
Authors: Paperno Denis
Published: October 2015

This paper proposes a new, game theoretical, analysis of conjunction which provides a single logical translation of and in its sentential, predicate, and NP uses, including both Boolean and non-Boolean cases. In essence it analyzes conjunction as parallel composition, based on game-theoretic semantics and logical syntax by Abramsky (2007).
Two kinds of focus constructions in K’iche’
Authors: Yasavul Murat
Published: October 2015

Based on original fieldwork data, I argue for a difference in meaning between two focus constructions in K’iche’ (Mayan). In particular, I show that the interpretation of focus constructions with aree ‘FOC’ gives rise to existence and exhaustivity implications (the latter when they are used as answers), both of which do not necessarily arise from the interpretation of focus constructions without aree. I discuss how to analyze these implications and review previous approaches to similar phenomena. I also develop a dynamic account that captures the empirical generalizations I propose.
Sound Lets You See: A Phenomenology of Hearing Screen Media
Authors: Cook Russell J.
Published: October 2015

This phenomenological investigation of ocularcentrism in screen media proceeds deductively. First, the significance of screen media is demonstrated. Next, synaesthetic merging of human senses is shown to begin with the body and to produce ready substitutions of seeing and hearing. The final deduction explores apperception – “seeing with” – a foundation of the phenomenological method. Sounds emanating from beyond the screen edge stimulate an expanded experience – a window to a wider world. This marginal consciousness has surprising power to dictate the audiovisual impact. In summary, off-screen sounds, combined with visual closure of objects partially hidden by the frame edge, stimulate in screen sense the apperception of a co-extensive world beyond the picture frame. Sound lets you see.
L’autisme entre psychanalyse et neurosciences : une chance, une illusion ou une impasse ?
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: October 2015

Après avoir resitué les concepts d’inter­subjectivité et de subjectivation au regard de la pathologie autistique, l’auteur évoque l’intérêt et les limites d’une vision unifiée de l’autisme infantile qui se déploierait de manière rigide entre neurosciences et psychanalyse. Pour ce faire, il rappelle deux études princeps de 2004 en neuro-imagerie, qui avaient montré des anomalies du sillon temporal supérieur chez les enfants autistes. Ces découvertes ont l’intérêt de converger avec certains modèles psychanalytiques de l’accès à l’intersubjectivité, mais elles risquent aussi de déboucher sur une vision défectologique et quasi neurologique de l’autisme infantile. Il importe donc de respecter soigneusement les différences épistémologiques fondamentales entre le champ de la psychanalyse et le champ des neurosciences.
La science psychanalytique et l’art du psychanalyste
Authors: Pommier Gérard
Published: October 2015

Il existe une science psychanalytique avec ses axiomes, sa nosographie, ses formalisations. Pourtant, la pratique doit l’oublier au profit de la singularité du cas. Il faut déjouer le déjà-su au profit de l’insu. Il existe une disjonction extraordinaire entre science et technique, mais ni l’une ni l’autre n’y suffit. Le geste de l’analyste consiste à laisser place à l’inattendu au profit des associations libres, qui remontent sur les rails de la répétition jusqu’aux nœuds symptomatiques. Ce geste privilégie les assonances poétiques de la répétition, bien qu’il soit au service du dénouement du symptôme.
Tunisie : les lendemains d’une révolution
Authors: Bessis Sophie
Published: October 2015

Près de cinq années après la chute de la dictature en janvier 2011, la Tunisie continue de traverser une passe difficile. La multiplication des attentats a affaibli une économie et un Etat déjà fragiles, et le gouvernement de coalition formé au lendemain des élections législatives et présidentielles de décembre 2014 gère le court terme sans cohérence ni stratégie. Avec une population désenchantée, une classe politique dépourvue de vision, le chaos libyen qui menace ses frontières et sa sécurité et des partenaires européens incapables de mettre sur pied une véritable politique de coopération, le pays du « printemps arabe » aura bien du mal à surmonter une crise multiforme dans laquelle il semble pour l’heure englué.
Attentats de janvier 2015 : le séisme et ses répliques
Authors: Bistolfi Robert
Published: October 2015

Tout tremblement de terre s’accompagne de répliques, et celles générées par les deux attentats de janvier 2015 (contre Charlie Hebdo et le magasin cacher) pourraient se révéler aussi dangereuses – sinon plus – que les attentats eux-mêmes. Au-delà de toutes leurs attentes, les terroristes auraient-ils vaincu, avec des moyens dérisoires, en touchant la démocratie au cœur ? Un simple suivi au jour le jour, dans la presse, de ce qu’ont été les réponses gouvernementales et les réactions de certains responsables politiques conduit à additionner les interrogations préoccupantes. Elles portent davantage sur les fragilités d’ensemble de la société française que sur l’adhésion de sa composante de culture musulmane aux valeurs de la République. Sur fond d’islamophobie croissante, la nature des dispositions sécuritaires, l’abandon des quartiers sensibles, l’institution laïque dérivant en idéologie autoritaire... laissent mal augurer de l’avenir.
Chapitre 4. Circoncision et excision : vers un non-droit de la bioéthique ?
Authors: Delage Pierre-Jérôme
Published: October 2015

Après une définition et un aperçu des fondements prêtés à la circoncision et à l’excision, le présent article propose de s’arrêter sur quelques-uns des conflits (de droits, de lois et de cultures) qui sont inhérents à ces pratiques. Il est suggéré, in fine, que la solution à ces conflits pourrait résider, plutôt que dans la norme juridique, dans un non-droit de la bioéthique.
Chapitre 6. La procréation médicalement assistée et les couples homosexuels
Authors: Caire Anne-Blandine
Published: October 2015

À la suite de l’admission en droit français du mariage homosexuel, la question de la procréation médicalement assistée se pose. Aujourd’hui, le droit cherche à éviter l’artificialisation de la procréation. La procréation médicalement assistée concerne seulement les couples hétérosexuels inféconds. Les individus en situation d’infertilité sociale, tels les célibataires ou les couples homosexuels, n’y ont pas accès. Néanmoins, l’éventuel élargissement de la PMA fait l’objet de vives discussions auxquelles on peut s’intéresser.
Chapitre 12. Recherches sur l’embryon, risques de dérives eugéniques et brevetabilité du vivant
Authors: Gonçalves Barbara
Published: October 2015

Avec les avancées scientifiques, l’embryon autrefois assimilé au corps maternel a obtenu une existence propre notamment lors des procréations médicalement assistées. Il est alors devenu un véritable objet d’étude, observé tout au long de son développement, puis un objet de désir de la part des chercheurs souhaitant faire de lui, en raison des multiples possibilités qu’il offre, un matériau de recherche et d’expérience. Malgré leur appartenance à l’espèce humaine et bien qu’ils ne soient pas totalement assimilés à des choses, les embryons surnuméraires dénués de tout projet parental ont été progressivement réifiés pour devenir l’objet de tous les fantasmes, notamment eugéniques par la recherche de l’enfant parfait, dénué de toute malformation ou maladie. En dépit des précautions prises par le législateur et les instances européennes, l’élargissement progressif des diagnostics anténataux et des possibilités de breveter le vivant laissent craindre des dérives futures.
Chapitre 14. L’intérêt et la conservation des cellules souches du sang de cordon : approche comparative des droits anglais et français
Authors: Madanamoothoo Allane
Published: October 2015

Devenir parents est un des plus grands souhaits de beaucoup de couples. Lorsque leurs rêves se réalisent, préalablement à la naissance de l’enfant, les parents doivent se pencher sur plusieurs points : le choix du prénom, le lieu de l’accouchement, l’allaitement ou le biberon, etc. Depuis quelques années les enjeux des cellules souches du sang de cordon se posent à eux. Les chercheurs et les banques placentaires s’y intéressent également. Dans de nombreux pays beaucoup de publicités sont faites autour des cellules souches contenues dans le sang du cordon ombilical. En France comme en Angleterre, l’utilisation et la conservation du sang de cordon sont réglementées par les législateurs sans pour autant qu’ils aient des approches similaires. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter les approches des droits anglais et français sur les cellules souches du sang de cordon.
Les relations entre technologie et créativité dans l’analyse des musiques électroacoustiques : une étude comparative de Riverrun de Barry Truax et Imago de Trevor Wishart
Authors: Clarke Michael , Dufeu Frédéric , Manning Peter
Published: October 2015

Le projet TaCEM ( Technology and Creativity in Electroacoustic Music ), conduit par les trois auteurs de cet article et financé par l’AHRC ( Arts and Humanities Research Council ) du Royaume-Uni pour une période de 30 mois (2012-2015), explore les relations entre pratiques compositionnelles contemporaines et nouvelles ressources technologiques à partir de huit études de cas du répertoire électroacoustique. Les auteurs présentent une étude comparative de deux de ces cas : Riverrun (1986/2004) de Barry Truax et Imago (2002) de Trevor Wishart. Si les deux compositeurs sont profondément impliqués dans le développement d’outils numériques de création musicale, leurs esthétiques, méthodes compositionnelles et productions artistiques contrastent fortement. Riverrun a été composée avec un logiciel de synthèse granulaire fonctionnant en temps réel, permettant la génération d’amples textures et processus ; Imago est l’assemblage de plus d’un millier de fichiers sons, créés avec un logiciel temps différé incluant de nombreux traitements différents pour le son enregistré. Les deux œuvres ont un point commun : l’emploi d’un très bref fragment de son comme source primaire de la composition. Mais les objectifs compositionnels de Truax et de Wishart ont conduit à deux œuvres développant ces sources selon les cheminements créatifs et technologiques très différenciés détaillés à travers cet article.
Le renseignement européen, les coopérations bilatérales au secours d’une intégration introuvable ?
Authors: Chopin Olivier
Published: October 2015

Le renseignement en Europe pourrait-il être un autre exemple de l’hypothèse d’une « européanisation sans l’Union européenne » ? Le renseignement en général est l’endroit d’un paradoxe, qui s’accentue sans doute dans le contexte européen. Les pratiques du renseignement sont profondément enracinées dans le cœur même de l’intérêt national de chaque État, dans les tréfonds de la sécurité intérieure de chaque nation, dans les replis du secret d’État. Mais, pour être opérationnels et efficaces, les dispositifs nationaux de sécurité s’appuient largement sur des échanges, des collaborations, et les enjeux de coopération en matière de renseignement sont cruciaux et centraux. Dans le contexte des linéaments d’une institutionnalisation d’un renseignement européen au sein de l’Union, et en interrogeant la place réciproque des coopérations parfois pérennes et étroites entre États membres et le développement récent et fragile d’une capacité propre de l’Union en matière de renseignement le présent article propose d’élaborer l’hypothèse selon laquelle les coopérations et collaborations permettent de réguler concrètement un dispositif de sécurité collective en gestation, pris entre la nécessité et les bénéfices d’une convergence plus forte des politiques nationales de sécurité et des politiques étrangères d’une part, et d’autre part les résistances nationales liées à la persistance de l’intérêt national et de la sécurité nationale en Europe.
Geospatial Information Technology: An Adjunct to Service-Based Outreach and Education
Authors: Faruque Fazlay , Hewlett Peggy O. , Wyatt Sharon , Wilson Kaye , Lofton Susan , Frate Dennis , Gunn Jennie
Published: October 2015

This exemplar highlights how geospatial information technology was effective in supporting academic practice, faculty outreach, and education initiatives at the University of Mississippi School of Nursing. Using this cutting-edge technology created a community-based prototype for fully integrating point-of-service research, practice, and academics into a cohesive strategy to influence change within the health care delivery system. This exemplar discusses ways this knowledge benefits practice and curriculum development; informs critical decision making affecting the people we serve; underscores the vital role nurses play in linking this technology to practice; and develops community residents as partners in their own health and that of the community.
Developing the Academic Nursing Practice in the Midst of New Realities in Higher Education
Authors: Miller Karen L. , Bleich Michael R. , Hathaway Donna , Warren Carol
Published: October 2015

The academic nursing practice has a role in replenishing the diminished resources that confront higher education and, if well conceived and managed, is a viable option to support existing academic program stability and growth. An alternative model for defining the academic practice—beyond traditional nurse-managed centers—is presented in this article. The cohesive interconnection of the education, research, and practice missions is addressed with examples of how each contributes to a variety of communities of interest and expands professional nursing roles through innovative care model testing and development. With effective business planning and infrastructure support, faculty practice plans can evolve to a second generation, with heightened societal accountability for service, academic, and collaborative research outcomes.
Associate Degree Nursing in a Community-Based Health Center Network: Lessons in Collaboration
Authors: Connolly Charlene , Wilson Diane , Missett Regina , Dooley Wanda C. , Avent Pamela A. , Wright Ronda
Published: October 2015

This exemplar highlights the ability of community experiences to enhance nursing students’ understanding of the principles of community-based care: advocating self-care; focusing on prevention, family, culture, and community; providing continuity of care; and collaborating. An innovative teaching-practice model (i.e., a nurse-managed “network” of clinics), incorporating service-learning, was created. The Network’s purposes are to provide practice sites in community-based primary care settings for student clinical rotations, increasing the awareness of the civic and social responsibility to provide quality health care for disadvantaged populations; and to reduce health disparities by increasing access to free primary health care, including health promotion and disease prevention, for disadvantaged individuals. Network clients receive free health care, referrals, and guidance to effectively obtain additional health care resources for themselves and their families. The Network is a national pioneer in modeling the delivery of primary care services through a faculty-student practice plan, with leadership emanating from a community college.
Academic Nursing Centers: The Road From the Past, The Bridge to the Future
Authors: Barger Sara E.
Published: October 2015

This article explores the development of academic nursing centers within an environment of evolving health policy and changing priorities and resources within nursing education during the past 3 decades. Etheredge’s framework for this discussion identifies three health policy eras: the Age of Traditional Health Insurance (1965–1982); the Age of Regulated Prices for Government Programs (1983–1992); and the Age of Markets, Purchasing, and Managed Care (1993–2000). In this article, I suggest the current era is the Age of Uncertainty and Opportunity. Within each era, health policy changes are summarized, and changes in nursing education that influenced the evolution of academic nursing centers are identified.

The uncertainty and opportunity of the current era is explored within the context of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reports issued in 2000 and 2001. The new vision for clinical education in the health professions described in the 2001 report provides new opportunities for academic nursing centers. To take advantage of these opportunities, these centers must focus on quality issues as they continue to maintain a precarious balance between meeting the service needs of their clients and the academic needs of the nursing programs that own them. Centers that maintain this balance will be a bridge to the future for quality health professions education.
Academic Nursing Practice in Rural West Virginia
Authors: Persily Cynthia Armstrong
Published: October 2015

This exemplar highlights how a rural academic nursing practice has been effective in facilitating the integration of the tripartite academic role of education, research, and service for one university faculty member. The integration of students into the practice is described. The experience provided them with critical insights into rural academic practice during their delivery of prenatal care services to a vulnerable population of women in rural Appalachia.

This exemplar also describes the use of the academic nursing practice as a laboratory both for studying the specific problems of this vulnerable population of women and their families, and testing interventions tailored to the needs of the community. Finally, the other ways the academic nursing practice benefits faculty and students, including integration of educational technology into the practice setting and opportunities for faculty leadership in rural community development, are discussed.
Long-term Cosmetic Alignment Following Surgery for Esotropia Versus Exotropia in Childhood: A Comparison Using Survival Curves
Authors: Parrotta Jacqueline N. , Panganiban Marie Kristine , Feustel Paul E. , Dicenzo Alyse , Simon John W.
Published: October 2015

Purpose:

Although long-term results following repair of esotropia and exotropia in childhood have been reported, the two entities have never been directly compared.

Methods:

Records of all children younger than 18 years who underwent horizontal strabismus surgery from 2000 through 2012 were reviewed. Children with structural eye pathology, severe vision loss, neurologic disorders, and incomitant or combined horizontal and vertical deviations were excluded. Failure was defined by a second horizontal surgery or a primary position deviation greater than 20 prism diopters (PD) at any time during follow-up (as long as 10 years). A threshold of 20 PD was chosen because families often consider deviations important enough to warrant a first or second surgery if it is larger but not if it is smaller.

Results:

Of 317 children, 235 with esotropia had surgery at a mean age of 42 months and 82 with exotropia had surgery at a mean age of 60 months. Overall, surgery was successful in 78% of those with esotropia and 65% of those with exotropia. A second surgery was performed in 29 (12%) of those with esotropia and 15 (18%) of those with exotropia. The mean deviation at last follow-up, using absolute values, was 9 PD for esotropia and 10 PD for exotropia. Survival curve success was better for esotropia (
P
= .008).

Conclusion:

By survival curve analysis, success was more likely among children with esotropia. Many “failures” slipped beyond the 20 PD threshold only transiently and had deviations that were not noticeable to family or friends. Overall, children did reasonably well long-term following surgery for both esotropia and exotropia. Only 14% of the entire group required a second surgery during an average of 41 months of follow-up.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(6):339–342.]
Diseño de estribos abiertos en puentes de carretera obtenidos mediante optimización híbrida de escalada estocástica
Authors: Luz A. , Yepes V. , González-Vidosa F. , Martí J. V.
Published: October 2015

Este artículo se ocupa del diseño automático de estribos abiertos de hormigón armado en puentes de carretera de coste mínimo, empleando para ello dos algoritmos híbridos de escalada estocástica con operadores de mutación basados en los algoritmos genéticos. Los algoritmos empleados se basan en el recocido simulado (SAMO) y en la aceptación por umbrales (TAMO). Ambos algoritmos se aplican a un estribo definido por 40 variables discretas. Se han comprobado ahorros económicos superiores al 18 % respecto a un estribo de referencia de una altura de 9 m realmente construido, con diferencias pequeñas entre ambos algoritmos, del 0,5 % a favor de SAMO. Además, se ha realizado un estudio paramétrico para alturas de estribo entre 6 y 15 m para diferentes tensiones admisibles del terreno que ofrece criterios de predimensionamiento a los proyectistas. Se ha comprobado, además, que el ahorro económico se localiza fundamentalmente en la zapata de estas estructuras.
Are Adult Women or Men Who Use the Internet as a Health Information Resource More Health Literate?
Authors: Yildirim Filiz , Çakir Metin
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare health literacy of adult men and women who use the internet for health purposes. It was conducted on 229 adults, who live in Bursa, Turkey, aged 30-69. As data collecting tool, personal along with health information (seeking) forms and 14-item health literacy scale were used. The results showed that although statistically not significant, men used the internet for health purposes more when compared with women. However, it was also calculated that health literacy scores of women who used the internet as a health information resource were higher than those of men in the same category. It can be inferred in this study that women are more health literate compared to men.
Diversifying Clinical Research Participants
Authors: Akhtar Saliha , Israel Cynthia , D'Abundo Michelle Lee
Published: October 2015

The diversification of clinical trial participants to include women and minorities is one of the biggest challenges for the clinical research industry. The lack of diversity in clinical trials prevents the tailoring of healthcare interventions specifically for women and minorities. The purpose of this chapter is to explore how health information technology and online strategies can be applied in the clinical trial research process to increase the recruitment and retention of women and minorities in clinical trials. By examining this issue from both the individual (participant) and clinical stakeholder perspective, appropriate strategies utilizing available technology are proposed. In the health care environment, strategies to diversify clinical trial participants include the secondary use of Electronic Health Records, and disease registries, as well as e-learning to raise awareness and train health professionals and clinical trial staff. In order to recruit diverse participant populations, the use of online advertising, social media, e-newsletters, tablets, smartphones, and apps are detailed. Lessons from previous use of technology in recruitment are outlined as well as future trends. In summary, while there are recognized challenges to implementation, the current health information technology and online strategies available seem promising as methods of increasing the participation of women and minorities in clinical trials.
Health Information Technology and Change
Authors: Ruffin T. Ray
Published: October 2015

Even in in health healthcare and health information technology change will not vanish or disperse. Technology, civilization, and creative thought will drive this force increasingly forward. Health care managers will continue being judged on their ability to efficiently and effectively manage (Patton & James, 2000). The pace of change has significantly increased since the days of the cave dweller who walked the earth until the “technology convergence” of using the ox and horse as tools. This article is to investigate the background, controversies, and problems surrounding Health Information Technology and change, and will include an overview of current changes. This will be coupled with solutions and recommendations, further research, and conclusion.