bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using intra‐individual variation in shrub architecture to explain population cover
Authors: Charles‐Dominique Tristan , Edelin Claude , Bouchard André , Legendre Pierre , Brisson Jacques
Published: November 2014

Plant architecture is related to the performance of long‐lived plants; its role in promoting species coexistence and in successional patterns is now widely recognized. However, because plant architecture involves branching processes, it is highly variable at the intra‐specific level. In this paper, we address two questions: what is the best way to describe plant architecture to obtain meaningful information for explaining population cover: at the whole‐plant level, or at the level of its unitary constituent parts? Further, are there architectural designs related to populations’ success? We evaluated the relative impact of ontogeny and whole‐plant traits on the cover achieved by the populations of five shrub species developing on 25 abandoned farmlands in southwestern Québec (Canada). We compared four ways of analyzing plant architecture: 1–2) using morphological traits described at the scale of a module (an elementary architectural unit made up of all the different types of shoots), with or without taking into account the ontogeny of the whole organism, 3) using the rate of changes during ontogeny as traits, and 4) using whole‐plant traits describing branching processes at a scale larger than modules. We then used variation partitioning to discriminate the actual effects of these traits on percent cover of the species from hidden effects due to plant ontogenesis and population spatial structure. Our results suggest that the predominant variables that effectively describe population cover vary from one species to another. At the same time, whole‐plant architectural traits and the rate of change of morphological traits during ontogeny both have an important effect on population cover. These findings suggest that acknowledging the developmental pattern of woody species can clarify the impact of intra‐specific trait variation on population cover.
The underrated importance of predation in transmission ecology of direct lifecycle parasites
Authors: Strona Giovanni
Published: November 2014

Most parasites with complex life cycles exploit trophic webs to pass from host to host in order to develop and, eventually, reproduce. Thus predation constitutes the necessary route for transmission. Conversely, the transmission of parasites that use a single host to develop and reproduce should be, in principle, not particularly affected by host trophic ecology. Here I challenge this view, showing that predation may be relevant also for direct lifecycle parasites. I used a large dataset of fish trophic interactions to investigate if the degree of monogenean species overlap in predators and prey deviated from randomness. I demonstrated that predators and prey often share more monogenean parasite genera than explained by host habitat ecology, geographical distribution and phylogeny. This suggests that predation may play an important role in promoting monogenean host range expansion. In addition, a non‐negligible proportion of considered prey–predator pairs showed a significantly high overlap in their monogenean parasites at the species level. This may indicate a tendency of some monogenean parasites to evolve transmission strategies targeted towards host interactions. If this hypothesis is true, these monogenean parasites would be much more vulnerable to co‐extinction than previously thought.

Synthesis

Predation is not expected to play an important role in the ecology and evolution of simple life cycle parasites. Yet, several predator fish tend to share with their prey more monogenean parasites than one would expect predicted from their geographical distribution, habitat preference, and or phylogenetic relationships. This suggests that some monogenean parasites have evolved transmission strategies more targeted towards host interactions than towards species‐specific traits. If this hypothesis is supported, it would have strong implications on host–parasite evolutionary ecology, primarily, suggesting the existence of peculiar situations where some parasites have evolved high specialized host finding behaviors to expand their host range.
Sexual competition and N supply interactively affect the dimorphism and competiveness of opposite sexes in Populus cathayana
Authors: CHEN JUAN , DONG TINGFA , DUAN BAOLI , KORPELAINEN HELENA , NIINEMETS ÜLO , LI CHUNYANG
Published: November 2014

Several important dioecious species show sexual spatial segregation (SSS) along environmental gradients that have significant ecological effect on terrestrial ecosystem. However, little attention has been paid to understanding of how males and females respond to environmental gradients and sexual competition. We compared eco‐physiological parameters of males and females of Populus cathayana under different sexual competition patterns and nitrogen (N) supply levels. We found that males and females interacting with the same or opposite sex showed significant differences in biomass partition, photosynthetic capacity, carbon (C) and N metabolism, and leaf ultrastructure, and that the sexual differences to competition were importantly driven by N supply. The intersexual competition was enhanced under high N, while the intrasexual competition among females was amplified under low N. Under high N, the intersexual competition stimulated the growth of the females and negatively affected the males. In contrast, under low N, the males exposed to intrasexual competition had the highest tolerance, whereas females exposed to intrasexual competition showed the lowest adaptation among all competition patterns. Sexual competition patterns and N supply levels significantly affected the sexual dimorphism and competitiveness, which may play an important role in spatial segregation of P. cathayana populations.
The Elderly are Different: Initiating Dialysis in Frail Geriatric Patients
Authors: Beben Tomasz , Rifkin Dena E.
Published: November 2014

Decisions and discussions about the initiation of dialysis in the elderly are often challenging because of the high prevalence of comorbidities and frailty in this population. Mortality is high, functional decline is likely, and quality of life tends to be lower in the elderly on dialysis. It is thus important to counsel these patients on the risks, benefits, and burdens of dialysis to assist them in making an informed choice that is in line with their goals, preferences, and expectations. For some patients, dialysis may be a desirable choice. For others, the alternative of palliative care may provide a more favorable balance of benefits versus burdens. Elderly patients who choose to proceed with dialysis often benefit from an interdisciplinary team that helps to manage and monitor their health status, while maximizing the benefits of treatment and decreasing its potential harms. These goals can be promoted by effective communication and through individualized decisions about vascular access, medication choices, and dietary limitations. Finally, close monitoring of functional status will help to determine whether dialysis remains in a patient's best interest and when alternatives should be offered.
Soil P and cation availability and crop uptake in a forage rotation under conventional and reduced tillage
Authors: Gómez‐Rey M. X. , García‐Marco S. , González‐Prieto S. J.
Published: November 2014

Long‐term conservation tillage can modify vertical distribution of nutrients in soil profiles and alter nutrient availability and yields of crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 14 yr of conventional (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) on soil macronutrient availability (0–5, 5–15, 15–30 cm) and uptake by Italian ryegrass and maize in a forage rotation under a temperate–humid climate (NW Spain). Soil contents of total C, plant available Ca, Mg, Na, K and P and their uptake by plants were evaluated over 2 yr. The three‐way ANOVA showed that tillage and its interactions with soil depth and sampling date have little influence on soil C and macronutrients contents (<13% of variance explained). In the topsoil layer, all studied variables (except K) increased in RT compared with CT, but they remained unchanged (C, Ca and Na) or decreased (Mg, K and P) in deeper layers. Crop yields were greater with RT than CT during the year with soil‐water‐deficit periods, while limited tillage effect was found in the other year. Whereas no differences were obtained for maize, nutrient concentration (Mg, Na, K and P) in ryegrass increased under RT. Conservation tillage improved surface soil fertility, maize yield and ryegrass nutrient content.
Characterization of a new HLA‐B allele, B*15:179:02
Authors: Lv R. , Xin X. , Yu J. , Sheng Q.
Published: November 2014

A novel HLA‐B allele, B*15:179:02, has been identified during typing of donors in Anhui province, China.
Ex vivo expansion of human mobilized peripheral blood stem cells using epigenetic modifiers
Authors: Saraf Santosh , Araki Hiroto , Petro Benjamin , Park Youngmin , Taioli Simona , Yoshinaga Kazumi G. , Koca Emre , Rondelli Damiano , Mahmud Nadim
Published: November 2014

Background

Epigenetic modifications likely control the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The chromatin‐modifying agents (CMAs), 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5azaD) and trichostatin A (TSA), have previously been shown to expand HSCs from cord blood and marrow. Here we assessed whether CMA can also expand HSCs present in growth factor–mobilized human peripheral blood (MPB).

Study Design and Methods

5azaD and TSA were sequentially added to CD34+ MPB cells in the presence of cytokines, and the cells were cultured for 9 days.

Results

After culture, a 3.6 ± 0.5‐fold expansion of CD34+CD90+ cells, a 10.1 ± 0.5‐fold expansion of primitive colony‐forming unit (CFU)‐mix, and a 2.2 ± 0.5‐fold expansion of long‐term cobblestone‐area–forming cells (CAFCs) was observed in 5azaD/TSA‐expanded cells. By contrast, cells cultured in cytokines without 5azaD/TSA displayed no expansion; rather, a reduction in CD34+CD90+ cells (0.7 ± 0.1‐fold) and CAFCs (0.3 ± 0.1‐fold) from their initial numbers was observed. Global hypomethylation corresponding with increased transcript levels of several genes implicated in HSC self‐renewal, including HOXB4, GATA2, and EZH2, was observed in 5azaD/TSA‐expanded MPB cells in contrast to controls. 5azaD/TSA‐expanded MPB cells retained in vivo hematopoietic engraftment capacity.

Conclusion

MPB CD34+ cells from donors can be expanded using 5azaD/TSA, and these expanded cells retain in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution capacity. This strategy may prove to be potentially useful to augment HSC numbers for patients who fail to mobilize.
Constraint-Dependent J-R Curves of a Dissimilar Metal Welded Joint for Connecting Pipe-Nozzle of Nuclear Pressure Vessel
Authors: Wang J. , Wang G. Z. , Xuan F. Z. , Tu S. T.
Published: November 2014

In this paper, the J-R curves of two cracks (A508 HAZ crack 2 and A508/Alloy52Mb interface crack 3) located at the weakest region in an Alloy52M dissimilar metal welded joint (DMWJ) for connecting pipe-nozzle of nuclear pressure vessel have been measured by using single edge-notched bend (SENB) specimens with different crack depths a/W (different constraint). Based on the modified T-stress constraint parameter τ*, the equations of constraint-dependent J-R curves for the crack 2 and crack 3 were obtained. The predicted J-R curves using different constraint equations derived from the three pairs of crack growth amount all agree with the experimental J-R curves. The results show that the modified T-stress approach for obtaining constraint-dependent J-R curves of homogeneous materials can also be used for the DMWJs with highly heterogeneous mechanical properties (local strength mismatches) in nuclear power plants. The use of the constraint-dependent J-R curves may increase the accuracy of structural integrity design and assessment for the DMWJs of nuclear pressure vessels.
Utility of Computer-Assisted Approaches for Population Surveillance of Physical Activity
Authors: Creamer MeLisa , Bowles Heather R. , von Hofe Belinda , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Kohl Harold W. , Bauman Adrian
Published: November 2014

Background:

Computer-assisted techniques may be a useful way to enhance physical activity surveillance and increase accuracy of reported behaviors.

Purpose:

Evaluate the reliability and validity of a physical activity (PA) self-report instrument administered by telephone and internet.

Methods:

The telephone-administered Active Australia Survey was adapted into 2 forms for internet self-administration: survey questions only (internet-text) and with videos demonstrating intensity (internet-video). Data were collected from 158 adults (20–69 years, 61% female) assigned to telephone (telephone-interview) (n = 56), internet-text (n = 51), or internet-video (n = 51). Participants wore an accelerometer and completed a logbook for 7 days. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman correlations.

Results:

Strong test-retest reliability was observed for PA variables in the internet-text (ICC = 0.69 to 0.88), internet-video (ICC = 0.66 to 0.79), and telephone-interview (ICC = 0.69 to 0.92) groups (P-values < 0.001). For total PA, correlations (ρ) between the survey and Actigraph+logbook were ρ = 0.47 for the internet-text group, ρ = 0.57 for the internet-video group, and ρ = 0.65 for the telephone-interview group. For vigorous-intensity activity, the correlations between the survey and Actigraph+logbook were 0.52 for internet-text, 0.57 for internet-video, and 0.65 for telephone-interview (P < .05).

Conclusions:

Internet-video of the survey had similar test-retest reliability and convergent validity when compared with the telephone-interview, and should continue to be developed.
Sector Activities and Lessons Learned Around Initial Implementation of the United States National Physical Activity Plan
Authors: Evenson Kelly R. , Satinsky Sara B.
Published: November 2014

Background:

National plans are increasingly common but infrequently evaluated. The 2010 United States National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP) provided strategies to increase population levels of physical activity. This paper describes (i) the initial accomplishments of the NPAP sector teams, and (ii) results from a process evaluation to determine how the sectors operated, their cross-sector collaboration, challenges encountered, and positive experiences.

Methods:

During 2011, a quarterly reporting system was developed to capture sector-level activities. A year-end interview derived more detailed information. Interviews with 12 sector leads were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for common themes.

Results:

The 6 sectors worked on goals from the implementation plan that focused broadly on education, promotion, intervention, policy, collaboration, and evaluation. Through year-end interviews, themes were generated around operations, goal setting, and cross-sector collaboration. Challenges to the NPAP work included lack of funding and time, the need for marketing and promotion, and organizational support. Positive experiences included collaboration, efficiency of work, enhanced community dynamic, and accomplishments toward NPAP goals.

Conclusions:

These initial results on the NPAP sector teams can be used as a baseline assessment for future monitoring. The lessons learned may be useful to other practitioners developing evaluations around state- or national-level plans.
A Coordinated Comprehensive Professional Development Training’s Effect on Summer Day Camp Staff Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Promoting Behaviors
Authors: Weaver R. Glenn , Beets Michael W. , Saunders Ruth P. , Beighle Aaron
Published: November 2014

Background:

The YMCA of USA recently adopted Healthy Eating and Physical Activity (HEPA) Standards for their summerday- camps (SDCs). Standards call for staff to exhibit HEPA promoting behaviors while eliminating HEPA discouraging behaviors. No studies have evaluated training programs to influence policy specified staff behaviors and related changes in child activity in SDCs.

Method:

Four YMCA SDCs serving approximately 800 children/week participated in this no control group pre/post pilot study. Professional development training founded in the 5 Ms (Mission, Model, Manage, Monitor, Maximize) and LET US Play principles (lines; elimination; team size; uninvolved staff/kids; and space, equipment, and rules) was delivered to staff. Outcomes were staff promotion behaviors and child activity assessed via systematic observation instruments.

Results:

Twelve of 17 HEPA staff behaviors changed in the appropriate direction from baseline to postassessment with 5 behaviors reaching statistically significant changes. The percentage of girls and boys observed in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity increased from 15.3% to 18.3% (P > .05) and 17.9% to 21.2%, whereas sedentary behavior decreased from 66.8% to 59.8% and 62.3% to 53.6%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Evidence suggests that the professional development training designed to assist SDCs to meet the HEPA Standards can lead to important changes in staff behaviors and children’s physical activity.
A Replicating Adenovirus Capsid Display Recombinant Elicits Antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites in Aotus nancymaae Monkeys
Authors: Karen Kasey A. , Deal Cailin , Adams Robert J. , Nielsen Carolyn , Ward Cameron , Espinosa Diego A. , Xie Jane , Zavala Fidel , Ketner Gary
Published: November 2014

Decades of success with live adenovirus vaccines suggest that replication-competent recombinant adenoviruses (rAds) could serve as effective vectors for immunization against other pathogens. To explore the potential of a live rAd vaccine against malaria, we prepared a viable adenovirus 5 (Ad5) recombinant that displays a B-cell epitope from the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) ofPlasmodium falciparumon the virion surface. The recombinant inducedP. falciparumsporozoite-neutralizing antibodies in mice. Human adenoviruses do not replicate in mice. Therefore, to examine immunogenicity in a system in which, as in humans, the recombinant replicates, we constructed a similar recombinant in an adenovirus mutant that replicates in monkey cells and immunized fourAotus nancymaaemonkeys. The recombinant replicated in the monkeys after intratracheal instillation, the first demonstration of replication of human adenoviruses in New World monkeys. Immunization elicited antibodies both to thePlasmodiumepitope and the Ad5 vector. Antibodies from all four monkeys recognized CSP on intact parasites, and plasma from one monkey neutralized sporozoitesin vitroand conferred partial protection againstP. falciparumsporozoite infection after passive transfer to mice. Prior enteric inoculation of two animals with antigenically wild-type adenovirus primed a response to the subsequent intratracheal inoculation, suggesting a route to optimizing performance. A vaccine is not yet available againstP. falciparum, which induces the deadliest form of malaria and kills approximately one million children each year. The live capsid display recombinant described here may constitute an early step in a critically needed novel approach to malaria immunization.
The Vibrio cholerae Cpx Envelope Stress Response Senses and Mediates Adaptation to Low Iron
Authors: Acosta Nicole , Pukatzki Stefan , Raivio Tracy L.
Published: November 2014

The Cpx pathway, a two-component system that employs the sensor histidine kinase CpxA and the response regulator CpxR, regulates crucial envelope stress responses across bacterial species and affects antibiotic resistance. To characterize the CpxR regulon inVibrio cholerae, the transcriptional profile of the pandemicV. choleraeEl Tor C6706 strain was examined upon overexpression ofcpxR. Our data show that the Cpx regulon ofV. choleraeis enriched in genes encoding membrane-localized and transport proteins, including a large number of genes known or predicted to be iron regulated. Activation of the Cpx pathway further led to the expression of TolC, the major outer membrane pore, and of components of two RND efflux systems inV. cholerae. We show that iron chelation, toxic compounds, or deletion of specific RND efflux components leads to Cpx pathway activation. Furthermore, mutations that eliminate the Cpx response or members of its regulon result in growth phenotypes in the presence of these inducers that, together with Cpx pathway activation, are partially suppressed by iron. Cumulatively, our results suggest that a major function of the Cpx response inV. choleraeis to mediate adaptation to envelope perturbations caused by toxic compounds and the depletion of iron.
Multicenter clinical experience in over 125 patients with the Penumbra Separator 3D for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Behme Daniel , Kowoll Annika , Mpotsaris Anastasios , Hader Claudia , Hechelhammer Lukas , Weber Johannes , Weber Werner
Published: November 2014

Background

The aim of this study was to assess reperfusion and clinical outcome of treatment with the self-expanding retrievable Separator 3D in revascularization of acute ischemic stroke. The three-dimensional (3D) device secures thrombus with direct aspiration and supports debulking of the clot.

Methods

At two centers, 129 consecutive stroke patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores ≥5 were treated with mechanical thrombectomy using the Separator 3D as a component of the Penumbra System within 8 h of symptom onset; modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) revascularization scores, NIHSS score on admission and discharge, mortality rates, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) outcomes at 90 days were evaluated.

Results

A total of 129 vessels in 129 patients were treated. Occlusions were located in the middle cerebral artery (MCA, 48%), internal carotid artery (ICA, 33%), cervical ICA–MCA (3%), and vertebrobasilar arteries (16%). Intravenous thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was given to 78% of patients. Median NIHSS was 15 prior to treatment. Reperfusion to mTICI 2b or 3 was successful in 96/129 (74%) target arterial lesions, with more than half of cases (51%) achieving mTICI 3. The mean time from arterial puncture to revascularization was 65 min. At 90 days, the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate was 4%, all cause mortality was 32%, and 43/99 patients (43%) achieved functional independence with an mRS score of ≤2.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the Separator 3D enables safe and effective revascularization of occluded large arteries in acute stroke intervention, leading to a high rate of functional independence at 90 days.
Expression of polycystins and fibrocystin on primary cilia of lung cells
Authors: Hu Qiaolin , Wu Yuliang , Tang Jingfeng , Zheng Wang , Wang Qian , Nahirney Drew , Duszyk Marek , Wang Shaohua , Tu Jian-Cheng , Chen Xing-Zhen
Published: November 2014

Mutations in polycystin-1, polycystin-2, or fibrocystin account for autosomal dominant or recessive polycystic kidney disease. Renal cystogenesis is linked to abnormal localization and function of these cystoproteins in renal primary cilia. They are also expressed in extrarenal tissues in which their functions are unclear. Here we found that human type-II alveolar epithelial A549, airway submucosal Calu-3 cells, and rat bronchioles contain primary or multiple cilia in which we detected these cystoproteins. At sub-confluency, polycystin-1 was expressed on plasma membrane, while polycystin-2 was localized to the ER of resting cells. Both polycystins were detected on the spindle and mid-body of mitotic cells, while fibrocystin was on centrosome throughout cell cycle. Polycystins and fibrocystin may participate in regulating mucociliary sensing and transport within pulmonary airways.
The influence of water-table depth and pH on the spatial distribution of diatom species in peatlands of the Boreal Shield and Hudson Plains, Canada
Authors: Hargan Kathryn E. , Rühland Kathleen M. , Paterson Andrew M. , Finkelstein Sarah A. , Holmquist James R. , MacDonald Glen M. , Keller Wendel , Smol John P.
Published: November 2014

Diatoms collected from 113 surface peat samples from the Boreal Shield and Hudson Plains show taxonomic distributions that are associated with macro-vegetation type, pH, and position relative to the water table, the main environmental variables measured in this study. The overall goal of our research was to determine the ecological distribution and response of diatoms to microhabitat conditions, and to assess the potential for diatoms to be applied as indicators of long-term environmental change in northern peatlands. Our results indicate that diatom assemblage composition was determined by both the broader peatland type (i.e., bog, rich and poor fens) and microhabitats within peatland formations (e.g., hummock, hollow). The diatom assemblages were primarily influenced by pH with the sites divided at a critical pH of 5.5, and secondarily by the depth to the water table. Acidic bog hollow and hummock microhabitats were species-poor and dominated almost exclusively by Eunotia paludosa A.Grunow and (or) Eunotia mucophila (H.Lange-Bertalot, M.Nörpel-Schempp & E.Alles) H.Lange-Bertalot. These acidophilic and aerophilic diatom species were associated with the narrow pH optima of the dominant Sphagnum L. species (e.g., Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr., Sphagnum angustifolium (C.E.O.Jensen ex Russow) C.E.O.Jensen) found in these bog habitats. Rich and poor fen samples, which were less acidic, supported a more diverse diatom assemblage (>30 species) with greater variability in both diatom and bryophyte pH tolerances. The diatom assemblages recorded in the bogs and fens of our study are similar to those found in peatlands around the world, demonstrating that diatom species are very specialized to exist in these often harsh semi-aquatic environments. Diatoms from peatlands have great potential as biomonitors of environmental change in these important ecosystems.
Sequencing analysis and characterization of the plasmid pBIF10 isolated from Bifidobacterium longum
Authors: Ma Yongping , Xie Ting-ting , Hu Qiongwen , Qiu Zongyin , Song Fangzhou
Published: November 2014

A resident plasmid, pBIF10, was isolated from Bifidobacterium longum B200304, and the full-length sequence of pBIF10 was analyzed. In this sequence, we identified at least 17 major open reading frames longer than 200 bp. A tetracycline resistance gene, tetQ, was identified and verified to confer antibiotic resistance to tetracycline. The plasmid replicon with replication protein B gene (repB) and a typical iteron was identified in pBIF10. An artificial clone vector was constructed with the replicon of pBIF10; the results showed that repB controlled plasmid replication in other bifidobacteria host cells at low transformation frequency. Taken together, the analysis and characterization of pBIF10 provided necessary information for the understanding of antibiotic resistance mediated by a plasmid in a Bifidobacterium strain. GC% and repB sequence analyses indicated that pBIF10 was a molecular hybrid of at least 2 other bacterial genera plasmids.
Von Neumann algebras as complemented subspaces of $B({\mathscr{H}})$
Authors: Christensen Erik , Wang Liguang
Published: November 2014

Let [Formula: see text] be a von Neumann algebra of type II1 which is also a complemented subspace of [Formula: see text]. We establish an algebraic criterion, which ensures that [Formula: see text] is an injective von Neumann algebra. As a corollary we show that if [Formula: see text] is a complemented factor of type II1 on a Hilbert space [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is injective if its fundamental group is nontrivial.
Simulation of electromagnetic scattering with stationary or accelerating targets
Authors: Funaro Daniele , Kashdan Eugene
Published: November 2014

The scattering of electromagnetic waves by an obstacle is analyzed through a set of partial differential equations combining the Maxwell's model with the mechanics of fluids. Solitary type EM waves, having compact support, may easily be modeled in this context since they turn out to be explicit solutions. From the numerical viewpoint, the interaction of these waves with a material body is examined. Computations are carried out via a parallel high-order finite-differences code. Due to the presence of a gradient of pressure in the model equations, waves hitting the obstacle may impart acceleration to it. Some explicative 2D dynamical configurations are then studied, enabling the simulation of photon-particle iterations through classical arguments.
Conformance Checking and QoS Selection Based on CPN for Web Service Composition
Authors: Ha Weitao , Zhang Guojun , Chen Liping
Published: November 2014

The development of new services by composition of existing ones has gained considerable momentum as a means of integrating heterogeneous applications and realizing business collaborations. More and more Web services with similar function attributes but different QoS are available. The performance of the composed service is determined by the involved Web services. Therefore, QoS properties are crucial for selecting the Web services to take part in the composition, which can identify the best candidate Web services from a set of functionally-equivalent services. Web service composition enables seamless and dynamic integration of business applications on the web. Due to the inherent autonomy and heterogeneity of component Web services, it is difficult to predict the behavior of the overall composite service. Conformance checking identifies failure and conflict of execution of composite Web service that ensures reliable execution. In this paper we use skyline computation to select services for composition efficiently, reducing the number of candidate services to be considered. Then a novel color Petri net model of Web service composition is presented that combines QoS-based optimal service selection and consistence verification. In the model we define aggregation functions, and use a Multiple Attribute Decision Making approach for the utility function to achieve optimal services selection of QoS properties. We also propose a consistence verification approach to identify potential logical inconsistence of the semantic Web service process before the deployment. Proofs are also presented. We evaluate our approach experimentally using both real and synthetically generated datasets.
Equation of motion with gravitational radiation
Authors: Hammond Richard T.
Published: November 2014

A new approach to gravitational radiation reaction is developed which is generalized from a successful solution to the electrodynamic problem in Minkowski spacetime.
A quantum Rosetta Stone for the information paradox
Authors: Pando Zayas Leopoldo A.
Published: November 2014

The black hole information loss paradox epitomizes the contradictions between general relativity and quantum field theory. The AdS/conformal field theory (CFT) correspondence provides an implicit answer for the information loss paradox in black hole physics by equating a gravity theory with an explicitly unitary field theory. Gravitational collapse in asymptotically AdS spacetimes is generically turbulent. Given that the mechanism to read out the information about correlations functions in the field theory side is plagued by deterministic classical chaos, we argue that quantum chaos might provide the true Rosetta Stone for answering the information paradox in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Emergence of stringlike physics from Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity
Authors: Gambini Rodolfo , Pullin Jorge
Published: November 2014

We consider a quantum field theory on a spherically symmetric quantum spacetime described by loop quantum gravity. The spin network description of spacetime in such a theory leads to equations for the quantum field that are discrete. We show that to avoid significant violations of Lorentz invariance, one needs to consider specific nonlocal interactions in the quantum field theory similar to those that appear in string theory. This is the first sign that loop quantum gravity places restrictions on the type of matter considered, and points to a connection with string theory physics.
Global crystal bases and q-Schur algebras
Authors: Stokke Anna
Published: November 2014

We prove that the quantized Carter–Lusztig basis for a finite-dimensional irreducible Uq(𝔤𝔩n(ℂ))-module V(λ) is related to the global crystal basis for V(λ) by an upper triangular invertible matrix. We express the global crystal basis in terms of the q-Schur algebra and provide an algorithm for obtaining global crystal basis vectors for V(λ) using the q-Schur algebra.
On some orthogonal factorization systems
Authors: Echi Othman , Lazaar Sami , Abdallahi Mohamed Oueld
Published: November 2014

The orthogonality relation between arrows in the class of all morphisms of a given category C yields a "concrete" antitone Galois connection between the class of all subclasses of morphisms of C. For a class Σ of morphisms of C, we denote by ⊥Σ (resp., Σ⊥) the class of all morphisms f in C such that f ⊥ g (resp., g ⊥ f) for each morphism g in Σ. A couple (Σ, Γ) of classes of morphisms is said to be an (orthogonal) prefactorization system if If, in addition the pfs satisfies then it will be called a dense prefactorization system.

A pair [Formula: see text] of classes of morphisms in a category C is called an (orthogonal) factorization system if it is a prefactorization system and each morphism f in C has a factorization f = me, with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. This paper provides several examples of factorization systems and dense factorization systems in the category Top of topological spaces.
The p.p. property of trivial extensions
Authors: Koşan M. Tamer
Published: November 2014

In this note, a necessary and sufficient condition for a trivial extension to be a left p.p.-ring is obtained. As an application, we determine when a trivial Morita context is a left p.p.-ring, and a result of Xue [On p.p. rings, Kobe J. Math. 7 (1990) 77–80] characterizing triangular p.p.-rings follows immediately.
A quantum modification of relative cohomology
Authors: Zhang Dong , Chen Bohui , Du Cheng-Yong
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we give a quantum modification of the relative cup product on H*(X, S;ℝ) by using Gromov–Witten invariants when S is a compact codimension 2k symplectic submanifold of the compact symplectic manifold (X, ω).
Powers in products of terms of Pell's and Pell–Lucas Sequences
Authors: Bravo Jhon J. , Das Pranabesh , Guzmán Sergio , Laishram Shanta
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we consider the usual Pell and Pell–Lucas sequences. The Pell sequence [Formula: see text] is given by the recurrence un = 2un-1 + un-2 with initial condition u0 = 0, u1 = 1 and its associated Pell–Lucas sequence [Formula: see text] is given by the recurrence vn = 2vn-1 + vn-2 with initial condition v0 = 2, v1 = 2. Let n, d, k, y, m be positive integers with m ≥ 2, y ≥ 2 and gcd (n, d) = 1. We prove that the only solutions of the Diophantine equation unun+d⋯un+(k-1)d = ym are given by u7 = 132 and u1u7 = 132 and the equation vnvn+d⋯vn+(k-1)d = ym has no solution. In fact, we prove a more general result.
Is the Taiwanese Government in a Debt Crisis?
Authors: CHEN Chien-Hsun
Published: November 2014

The global financial crisis prompted the Taiwanese government to pursue demand-driven measures to bail out the economy, a painstaking task to balance the budget. The sustained budget deficits could reduce national savings and further impose a substantial negative effect on long-term economic growth. The growing government debt is a conundrum, which will be a tax burden for future generations if not dealt with decisively.
The China-Vietnam Clashes in the South China Sea: An Assessment
Authors: TSENG Katherine Hui-Yi
Published: November 2014

Confrontations between China and Vietnam reignited in early May 2014 due to an oil rig deployment in an area near the Paracel Islands. China has handled well the information flow to cultivate measured rational nationalism and to avoid a sudden spike in public attention. Vietnam is employing multiple measures to tackle China's growing prowess, its stagnating economic development and the potential subversive impact on its ruling regime. Both are working towards a resolution.
Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement: an Indonesian Perspective
Authors: HADI Syamsul
Published: November 2014

The Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) faces many obstacles to its full realisation, especially in manpower and capacity building cooperation. Japan's tariff reduction under the IJEPA does not necessarily lead to Indonesia's automatic market penetration as the real challenge is not on tariff, but non-tariff barriers. The investment sector on the other hand has shown relative good progress, especially on Japanese increasing interests as well as its actual investment in various sectors in Indonesia.
The Responsive Enterprise: Embracing the Hacker Way
Authors: Meijer Erik , Kapoor Vikram
Published: November 2014

As of July 2014, Facebook, founded in 2004, is in the top 20 of the most valuable companies in the S&P 500, putting the 10-year-old software company in the same league as IBM, Oracle, and Coca-Cola. Of the top five fastest-growing companies with regard to market capitalization in 2014 (table 1), three are software companies: Apple, Google, and Microsoft (in fact, one could argue that Intel is also driven by software, making it four out of five).
Design and Characteristic Analysis of a Novel Bearingless SRM considering Decoupling between Torque and Suspension Force
Authors: Yang Yan , Liu Zeyuan , Deng Zhiquan , Cao Xin
Published: November 2014

A Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor (BSRM) has a complicated character of nonlinear coupling; therefore, it is a hard work to operate BSRM stably. In this paper, a new type of BSRMs with novel rotor structure is proposed by analyzing relationships between motor structure and theoretical formulae of levitation force and torque. The stator structure of this new motor is same as that of traditional BSRM and each stator pole can coil one winding or two windings, while the pole arc of rotor is wider. In order to analyze the characteristics of the proposed BSRM, finite‐element (FE) models are used and a 12/4 one‐set‐winding BSRM and a 12/8 two‐sets‐windings BSRM are taken as examples. The analysis results indicate that the new scheme is effective for a stable levitation. It can realize decoupling control of torque and radial force, thus simplifying its control strategy and improving the use ratio of winding currents. A control system is designed for the 12/8 BSRM based on deducing its mathematical model. Compared with traditional BSRM, the proposed scheme is easier to be implemented.
Myeloperoxidase Oxidized LDL Interferes with Endothelial Cell Motility through miR-22 and Heme Oxygenase 1 Induction: Possible Involvement in Reendothelialization of Vascular Injuries
Authors: Daher Jalil , Martin Maud , Rousseau Alexandre , Nuyens Vincent , Fayyad-Kazan Hussein , Van Antwerpen Pierre , Courbebaisse Guy , Martiat Philippe , Badran Bassam , Dequiedt Frank , Zouaoui Boudjeltia Karim , Vanhamme Luc
Published: November 2014

Cardiovascular disease linked to atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is mainly linked to dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and subendothelial accumulation of oxidized forms of LDL. In the present study, we investigated the role of myeloperoxidase oxidized LDL (Mox-LDL) in endothelial cell dysfunction. We studied the effect of proinflammatory Mox-LDL treatment on endothelial cell motility, a parameter essential for normal vascular processes such as angiogenesis and blood vessel repair. This is particularly important in the context of an atheroma plaque, where vascular wall integrity is affected and interference with its repair could contribute to progression of the disease. We investigatedin vitrothe effect of Mox-LDL on endothelial cells angiogenic properties and we also studied the signalling pathways that could be affected by analysing Mox-LDL effect on the expression of angiogenesis-related genes. We report that Mox-LDL inhibits endothelial cell motility and tubulogenesis through an increase in miR-22 and heme oxygenase 1 expression. Ourin vitrodata indicate that Mox-LDL interferes with parameters associated with angiogenesis. They suggest that high LDL levels in patients would impair their endothelial cell capacity to cope with a damaged endothelium contributing negatively to the progression of the atheroma plaque.
Free Convection in Heat Transfer Flow over a Moving Sheet in Alumina Water Nanofluid
Authors: Singh Padam , Kumar Manoj
Published: November 2014

The present paper deals with study of free convection in two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of an incompressible, viscous, electrically conducting, and steady nanofluid. The governing equations representing fluid flow are transformed into a set of simultaneous ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformation. The equations thus obtained have been solved numerically using adaptive Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. The effects of physical parameters like magnetic parameter, temperature buoyancy parameter on relative velocity and temperature distribution profile, shear stress profile, and temperature gradient profile were depicted graphically and analyzed. Significant changes were observed due to these parameters in velocity and temperature profiles.
Acroparesthesia in a Female: Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Kelash Fnu , Kujtan Lara , Mallidi Padmaja V.
Published: November 2014

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient activity of a-galactosidase A (also known as ceramide trihexosidase) and resultant accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and related glycophospholipids. The disease affects nearly all major organ systems, with the primary sites damaged by Gb3 including renal glomeruli, myocardium, neurons of the dorsal ganglion and autonomic nervous system, and vascular endothelial and smooth muscle. Progressive deposition in these organ systems leads to renal and heart failure; debilitating pain as a result of nervous system involvement also occurs.
Management of a Large Internal Resorption Lesion with Metal Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Gill Gurdeep Singh , Bhuyan Atool Chandra , Arora Suraj , Sethi Kunal , Kaur Rajwinder , Kalra Tarun
Published: November 2014

Mineral trioxide aggregate is the mainstay of treatment of large internal resorption defects. But its cost may be a deterrent to its use in some patients. The present case report describes the successful endodontic management of an extensive internal resorptive lesion in a mandibular molar with metal reinforced glass ionomer cement.
Solution Theory of Ginzburg-Landau Theory on BCS-BEC Crossover
Authors: Chen Shuhong , Tan Zhong
Published: November 2014

We establish strong solution theory of time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) systems on BCS-BEC crossover. By the properties of Besov, Sobolev spaces, and Fourier functions and the method of bootstrapping argument, we deduce that the global existence of strong solutions to time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau systems on BCS-BEC crossover in various spatial dimensions.
Oncocytoma of Oral Cavity Mimicking as Jaw Tumor
Authors: Majumdar Aloke Bose , Paul Shib Shankar , Sarker Gautam , Ray Souradeep
Published: November 2014

Oncocytoma of major salivary gland is a fairly common benign tumour encountered, but its occurrence in oral minor salivary gland is a rare entity. Here we report a case of a giant minor salivary gland oncocytoma mimicking a jaw tumour which was successfully excised along with a review of literature.
Rapid and Accurate Detection of Bacteriophage Activity againstEscherichia coliO157:H7 by Propidium Monoazide Real-Time PCR
Authors: Liu Hui , Niu Yan D. , Li Jinquan , Stanford Kim , McAllister Tim A.
Published: November 2014

Conventional methods to determine the efficacy of bacteriophage (phage) for biocontrol ofE. colirequire several days, due to the need to culture bacteria. Furthermore, cell surface-attached phage particles may lyse bacterial cells during experiments, leading to an overestimation of phage activity. DNA-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a fast, sensitive, and highly specific means of enumerating pathogens. However, qPCR may underestimate phage activity due to its inability to distinguish viable from nonviable cells. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of propidium monoazide (PMA), a microbial membrane-impermeable dye that inhibits amplification of extracellular DNA and DNA within dead or membrane-compromised cells as a means of using qPCR to identify only intactE. colicells that survive phage exposure.Escherichia coliO157:H7 strain R508N and 4 phages (T5-like, T1-like, T4-like, and O1-like) were studied. Results compared PMA-qPCR and direct plating and confirmed that PMA could successfully inhibit amplification of DNA from compromised/damaged cellsE. coliO157:H7. Compared to PMA-qPCR, direct plating overestimated (P< 0.01) phage efficacy as cell surface-attached phage particles lysedE. coliO157:H7 during the plating process. Treatment of samples with PMA in combination with qPCR can therefore be considered beneficial when assessing the efficacy of bacteriophage for biocontrol ofE. coliO157:H7.
Spectropolarimetric Properties of a Gallium Nanoparticle Layer on a Sapphire Substrate
Authors: Raman Prashant , Fuller Kirk , Gregory Don A.
Published: November 2014

Gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs) are currently the subject of vigorous research as possible substrates in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) experiments in the ultraviolet spectral domain. Verification of any comprehensive model of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with Ga NPs requires that complete polarimetric measurements be made. These spectropolarimetric properties can be obtained using a Mueller matrix spectropolarimeter (MMSP). The position of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and spectral depolarization data of Ga NPs in the 300 to 1100 nm spectral region are presented. Spectral depolarization data may be of value in creating a better understanding of how light couples to individual nanoparticles, as well as the role played by interparticle coupling and the connection to phenomena such as SERS.
Comparative Studies of Oleaginous Fungal Strains (Mucor circinelloides and Trichoderma reesei) for Effective Wastewater Treatment and Bio-Oil Production
Authors: Bhanja Anshuman , Minde Gauri , Magdum Sandip , Kalyanraman V.
Published: November 2014

Biological wastewater treatment typically requires the use of bacteria for degradation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous compounds present in wastewater. The high lipid containing biomass can be used to extract oil and the contents can be termed as bio-oil (or biodiesel or myco-diesel after transesterification). The separate experiments were conducted on actual wastewater samples with 5% v/v inoculum of Mucor circinelloides MTCC1297 and Trichoderma reesei NCIM992 strains. The observed reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 88.72% and 86.75% in 96 hrs and the observed substrate based biomass yields were 0.21 mg VSS/mg COD and 0.22 mg VSS/mg COD for M. circinelloides reactor and for T. reesei reactor, respectively. The resulted bio-oil production from wastewater treatment by M. circinelloides and T. reesei reactors was 142.2 mg/L and 74.1 mg/L, whereas biomass containing bio-oil contents (%w/w) were 22.11% and 9.82%, respectively. In this experiment, the fungal wastewater treatment was also compared with conventional bacterial process with respect to specific growth rate, biomass production, and oil content. This study suggests that wastewater can be used as a potential feedstock for bio-oil production with the use of oleaginous fungal strains and which could be a possible route of waste to energy.