bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expected evolution of disk wind properties along an X-ray binary outburst
Authors: Petrucci P.-O. , Bianchi S. , Ponti G. , Ferreira J. , Marcel G. , Cangemi F. , Chakravorty S. , Clavel M. , Malzac J. , Rodriguez J. , Barnier S. , Belmont R. , Corbel S. , Coriat M. , Henri G.
Published: March 2021

Blueshifted X-ray absorption lines (preferentially from Fe XXV and Fe XXVI present in the 6–8 keV range) indicating the presence of massive hot disk winds in black hole (BH) X-ray binaries (XrB) are most generally observed during soft states. It has been recently suggested that the nondetection of such hot wind signatures in hard states could be due to the thermal instability of the wind in the ionization domain consistent with Fe XXV and Fe XXVI. Studying the wind thermal stability does require, however, a very good knowledge of the spectral shape of the ionizing spectral energy distribution (SED). In this paper, we discuss the expected evolution of the disk wind properties during an entire outburst by using the RXTE observations of GX 339-4 during its 2010–2011 outburst. While GX 339-4 never showed signatures of a hot wind in the X-rays, the dataset used is optimal for the analysis shown in this study. We computed the corresponding stability curves of the wind using the SED obtained with the jet-emitting disk model. We show that the disk wind can transit from stable to unstable states for Fe XXV and Fe XXVI ions on a day timescale. While the absence of wind absorption features in hard states could be explained by this instability, their presence in soft states seems to require changes in the wind properties (e.g., density) during the spectral transitions between hard and soft states. We propose that these changes could be partly due to the variation of the heating power release at the accretion disk surface through irradiation by the central X-ray source. The evolution of the disk wind properties discussed in this paper could be confirmed through the daily monitoring of the spectral transition of a high-inclination BH XrB.
Properties of gas phases around cosmic filaments atz= 0 in the IllustrisTNG simulation
Authors: Galárraga-Espinosa Daniela , Aghanim Nabila , Langer Mathieu , Tanimura Hideki
Published: March 2021

We present the study of gas phases around cosmic-web filaments detected in the TNG300-1 hydro-dynamical simulation at redshiftz = 0. We separate the gas into five different phases according to temperature and density. We show that filaments are essentially dominated by gas in the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), which accounts for more than 80% of the baryon budget atr ∼ 1 Mpc. Apart from WHIM gas, cores of filaments (r ≤ 1 Mpc) also host large contributions from other hotter and denser gas phases, whose fractions depend on the filament population. By building temperature and pressure profiles, we find that gas in filaments is isothermal up tor ∼ 1.5 Mpc, with average temperatures ofTcore = 4−13 × 105K, depending on the large-scale environment. Pressure at cores of filaments is on averagePcore = 4−12 × 10−7keV.cm−3, which is ∼1000 times lower than pressure measured in observed clusters. We also estimate that the observed Sunyaev-Zel’dovich signal from cores of filaments should range between 0.5 < y < 4.1 × 10−8, and these results are compared with recent observations. Our findings show that the state of the gas in filaments depends on the presence of haloes and on the large-scale environment.
Chandra and Magellan/FIRE follow-up observations of PSO167–13: An X-ray weak QSO at z = 6.515
Authors: Vito F. , Brandt W. N. , Ricci F. , Congiu E. , Connor T. , Bañados E. , Bauer F. E. , Gilli R. , Luo B. , Mazzucchelli C. , Mignoli M. , Shemmer O. , Vignali C. , Calura F. , Comastri A. , Decarli R. , Gallerani S. , Nanni R. , Brusa M. , Cappelluti N. , Civano F. , Zamorani G.
Published: March 2021

Context. The discovery of hundreds of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) in the first gigayear of the Universe powered by already grown supermassive black holes (SMBHs) challenges our knowledge of SMBH formation. In particular, investigations of z > 6 QSOs that present notable properties can provide unique information on the physics of fast SMBH growth in the early Universe.

Aims. We present the results of follow-up observations of the z = 6.515 radio-quiet QSO PSO167–13, which is interacting with a close companion galaxy. The PSO167–13 system has recently been proposed to host the first heavily obscured X-ray source at high redshift. The goals of these new observations are to confirm the existence of the X-ray source and to investigate the rest-frame UV properties of the QSO.

Methods. We observed the PSO167–13 system with Chandra/ACIS-S (177 ks) and obtained new spectroscopic observations (7.2 h) with Magellan/FIRE.

Results. No significant X-ray emission is detected from the PSO167–13 system, suggesting that the obscured X-ray source previously tentatively detected was either due to a strong background fluctuation or is highly variable. The upper limit (90% confidence level) on the X-ray emission of PSO167–13 (L2−10 keV < 8.3 × 1043 erg s−1) is the lowest available for a z > 6 QSO. The ratio between the X-ray and UV luminosity of αox < −1.95 makes PSO167–13 a strong outlier from the αox − LUV and LX − Lbol relations. In particular, its X-ray emission is more than six times weaker than the expectation based on its UV luminosity. The new Magellan/FIRE spectrum of PSO167–13 is strongly affected by unfavorable sky conditions, but the tentatively detected C IV and Mg II emission lines appear strongly blueshifted.

Conclusions. The most plausible explanations for the X-ray weakness of PSO167–13 are intrinsic weakness or small-scale absorption by Compton-thick material. The possible strong blueshift of its emission lines hints at the presence of nuclear winds, which could be related to its X-ray weakness.
Controllability Gramian and Kalman rank condition for mean-field control systems
Authors: Yu Zhiyong
Published: March 2021

This paper is concerned with the exact controllability of linear mean-field stochastic systems with deterministic coefficients. With the help of the theory of mean-field backward stochastic differential equations (MF-BSDEs, for short) and some delicate analysis, we obtain a mean-field version of the Gramian matrix criterion for the general time-variant case, and a mean-field version of the Kalman rank condition for the special time-invariant case.
Leitlinien in der Praxis: Sedierung in der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie
Authors: Tonner Peter H.
Published: March 2021

Ziel der Leitlinie „Sedierung in der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie“ ist die Definition struktureller, gerätetechnischer und personeller Anforderungen, die zur Risikominimierung der Sedierung bei Endoskopien beitragen. Dieser Artikel kommentiert wesentliche Aspekte der Leitlinie – insbesondere unter anästhesiologischen Gesichtspunkten. Eine Überarbeitung der Leitlinie steht bevor, dementsprechend wird auch auf neuere Entwicklungen eingegangen.
Wie häufig werden Diagnosen aus dem Bereich der sexuellen Funktionsstörungen an deutschen Hochschulambulanzen für Psychotherapie an psychologischen Instituten vergeben?
Authors: Velten Julia , Pantazidis Pierre , Benecke Andrea , Bräscher Anne-Kathrin , Fehm Lydia , Fladung Anne-Katharina , Fydrich Thomas , Heider Jens , Hamm Alfons , In-Albon Tina , Lange Julia , Lincoln Tania , Lutz Wolfgang , Margraf Jürgen , Schlarb Angelika , Schöttke Henning , Trösken Anne , Weinmann-Lutz Birgit , Hoyer Jürgen
Published: March 2021

Einleitung Sexuelle Funktionsstörungen gelten als häufig. Gleichzeitig fehlen epidemiologische Daten zur Behandlungsprävalenz sexueller Funktionsstörungen in der ambulanten Psychotherapie. Im Rahmen eines Projekts zur Koordination der Datenerhebung an den deutschen Hochschulambulanzen für Psychotherapie wird erstmals eine Schätzung für dieses Behandlungssegment möglich.

Forschungsziele Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Darstellung der festgestellten F52-Diagnosen an deutschen Hochschulambulanzen für Psychotherapie an psychologischen Instituten.

Methoden 16 Hochschulambulanzen für Erwachsene übermittelten ausgewählte Daten zur Eingangsdiagnostik ihrer Patient_innen (N = 4 504; M Alter = 37.87; SD = 13.47; Altersbereich = 15 bis 86 Jahre; 65.3 % weiblich) aus dem Jahr 2016. In der hier vorgestellten Studie wird spezifisch die Häufigkeit der Vergabe von Diagnosen aus dem ICD-Kapitel F52 analysiert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurde in 32 Fällen (0.7 %) die Diagnose einer sexuellen Funktionsstörung vergeben, in acht Fällen (0.2 %) als Hauptdiagnose. In 31 Fällen (96.9 %) waren auch komorbide Störungen gegeben, hauptsächlich Angststörungen (34.4 %) und affektive Störungen (53.1 %). Unter den Hauptdiagnosen war der nichtorganische Vaginismus (n = 3) der häufigste Grund, eine psychotherapeutische Hochschulambulanz eines psychologischen Instituts aufzusuchen. Die Häufigkeit von F52-Diagnosen in den 16 Ambulanzen schwankte zwischen 0 % und 1.2 %, und acht der 16 Ambulanzen vergaben überhaupt keine F52-Diagnosen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Werte in der vorliegenden Behandlungsstichprobe erscheinen vor dem Hintergrund der Prävalenzdaten aus Bevölkerungsstudien als auffällig niedrig. Hierfür können neben methodischen und studienspezifischen Gründen auch Aspekte der psychotherapeutischen Versorgung sowie Beurteilungsfehler bei der Diagnosevergabe verantwortlich sein.
Sexuelles und Nicht-Sexuelles
Authors: Berner Wolfgang
Published: March 2021

Die Nützlichkeit von Binswangers „Sexualität per se und in actu“ sowie der Unterscheidung von Sexuellem und Nicht-Sexuellem für therapeutische Zwecke wird in diesem Kommentar bezweifelt. Entgegengehalten wird ein in der psychodynamischen Psychotherapie bewährtes Begriffsinventarium: Erregung und Hemmung, Lust und Unlust, Angst, Schuld, Wiederholung und Wiederholungszwang. Nicht vergessen werden sollte, dass wir es in der Psychotherapie mit Psychosexualität und nicht mit dem rein physiologisch definierten Begriff der Sexualität zu tun haben. Bei Nutzung dieser beobachtungsnahen und leicht handhabbaren Begriffe bleibt man dem Erleben der Patient_innen deutlich näher verbunden als mit den abstrakteren Einordnungen in Libido, Aggression oder gar Perversion oder die medizinischen Termini gesund und krank.
Sexualbezogene Online-Fortbildung für Fachkräfte: Twitter
Authors: Döring Nicola
Published: March 2021

Der vorliegende Praxisbeitrag befasst sich mit sexualbezogenen Debatten und sexualpolitischem Aktivismus auf Twitter. Er greift dazu exemplarisch drei Themengebiete heraus, die auf Twitter stark präsent sind: Sexuelle Gewalt, Schwangerschaftsabbruch und Sexarbeit. Zudem werden Fachleute und Fachorganisationen vorgestellt, die sich an sexualbezogenen Debatten auf Twitter beteiligen.
Synthesis of Tetrasilatetrathia[8]circulenes through C–I and C–H Silylation
Authors: Miyake Yoshihiro , Akahori Shuhei , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Tsuji Yasushi , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

We have succeeded in the synthesis of various tetrasilatetrathia[8]circulenes with alkyl and aryl groups on the silicon atoms. We also disclosed the effect of phosphine ligands on palladium-catalyzed silylation of tetraiodotetrathienylene and rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular silylation of tetrasilyltetrathienylenes. Experimental and theoretical analysis revealed the effect of the substituents on the silicon atoms on their electronic property.
The Role of Preschool Peers in Children's Language Development
Authors: Purtell Kelly M. , Ansari Arya , Yang Qingqing , Bartholomew Caroline P.
Published: March 2021

Almost 5 million children attend preschool in the United States each year. Recent attention has been paid to the ways in which preschool classrooms shape children's early language development. In this article, we discuss the importance of peers and classroom composition through the lens of age and socioeconomic status and the implications for children's early learning and development. We also discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms through which classroom peers may shape each other's language development. As part of this discussion, we focus on exposure to peer language and engagement with peers, along with teachers' classroom practices. We conclude by discussing the ways in which teachers can ensure that children in classrooms of different compositions reap the maximum benefit, along with implications for research, policy, and practice.
Enhancing Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Features of Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs)
Authors: Tran Le M. , Lober Janet , Patton James R.
Published: March 2021

Individual education programs (IEPs) are the foundation for guiding speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to develop appropriate interventions for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students who qualify for speech-language services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. There is a growing number of CLD students with speech-language impairments who need special attention given to their culture and language. This article highlights key culturally and linguistically responsive features to aid SLPs in developing meaningful IEPs for this diverse group of students.
The Five W's Meet the Three R's: The Who, What, When, Where, and Why of Telepractice Service Delivery for School-Based Speech-Language Therapy Services
Authors: Grogan-Johnson Sue
Published: March 2021

School-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are implementing telecommunication technologies for service provision. Telepractice is one among an array of service delivery models that can be successfully implemented in the public-school setting. While many school-based SLPs have been plunged into telepractice with the recent pandemic, this temporary shift to emergency instruction is not the same as fully implementing a telepractice service delivery model. SLPs who recognize the potential application of telecommunications would profit from additional training and experience to take advantage of the benefits of this service delivery model. The purpose of this article is to explore the concept of telepractice as a service delivery model, and to answer the who, what, when, where, and why questions of school-based telepractice. Telepractice is one of several service delivery models that school-based SLPs can confidently utilize to provide effective speech and language therapy services to school-age students.
Is Early Traumatic Facial Nerve Surgery a Priority during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Faramarzi Mohammad , Faramarzi Ali , Hosseinialhashemi Milad
Published: March 2021

As otolaryngologists are exposed to high risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, logic and evidence-based prioritization for surgeries is essential to reduce the risk of infection amongst healthcare workers. Several clinical guidelines and surgery prioritizing recommendations have been published during the COVID-19 pandemic. They recommended the surgery in the setting of immediate facial nerve paralysis within 72 hours after trauma, but none of the previous studies in the literature suggests that the optimal timing of operation should be less than 2 weeks from injury.
Concise Update on Genomics of COVID-19: Approach to Its latest Mutations, Escalated Contagiousness, and Vaccine Resistance
Authors: Khodavirdipour Amir , Jabbari Sarvin , Keramat Fariba , Alikhani Mohammad Y.
Published: March 2021

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that started to invade the world from the Chinese fish market, causes an acute respiratory distress syndrome. COVID-19 is a dreadful infectious disease that surfaced only less than 8 months ago and caused the deadly COVID-19 pandemic. In this new species with a positive, single-strand RNA genome and a huge size, from the proteomics point view, there are no changes in sequences of amino acids in NSP7, 13, matrix, or envelope or other proteins including 8b and p6 and excluding NSP2 and NSP3. P6 is a multifunctional golgi–endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated protein. This complex has a key duty to increase the replication rate of the virus and also causes intrinsic immune system responses by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 1 (STAT 1) translocated to the nucleus. Palmitoylated proteins elevate hydrophobicity which helps in membrane connection. Inside the N-linked glycosylation, moieties oligosaccharide is adhering to Asn-X-Ser/Thr canonical sequence. This helps for exact enfolding and carrying viral proteins by industriously using host's chaperon proteins including calreticulin and calnexin. 2B proteins encourage the internalization of major histocompatibility complex, class-I (MHC-I) protein and meanwhile inhibit their transfer to the surface of the cell as a recognition side. The deubiquitination of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has precise modification apparatus in the posttranslational stage. In this article, we outlined the recent and up-to-date data on genomic and molecular structures, epidemiology, vaccine development, and, last but not least, the clinical features, diagnostics, and treatment of the novel coronavirus.
Single Incision, Dual Window Approach for a Comminuted Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Gianakos Arianna , Patel Priya , Athens Christian M. , Capo John T.
Published: March 2021

Introduction Complex distal radius fractures often involve a fragment of the volar-ulnar articular surface and the radial styloid. The volar ulnar corner of the distal radius is an important constraint to volar translation of the carpus and thus requires stable fixation to prevent wrist displacement. The traditional volar Henry approach often requires undue tension on the median nerve while retracting for access to the ulnar aspect of the radius. To protect the median nerve from iatrogenic injury and to improve exposure of the surgical site, we propose a single incision, dual window approach to the distal radius for complex bi-columnar fractures.

Methods This technique combines the trans-Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) approach with a subcutaneous dissection to the ulnar aspect of the wrist. This window utilizes the interval between the ulnar neurovascular bundle and the carpal tunnel contents.

Results This technique allows the surgeon to work through either window and thus visualize and directly fixate the various fracture fragments. We have treated complex articular distal radius fractures associated with ulnar communition with this novel technique and it has provided direct reduction with improved fragment access. The surgical technique, a case presentation and results are detailed in this report.

Conclusion This case report has demonstrated that complex bi-columnar fractures of the distal radius can be effectively approached and fixated with a single incision dual window approach.
Lymphangiography and Lymphatic Interventions
Authors: Yadav Ajit , Jain Yajush , Narkhede Amey , KM Mahendra , Gupta Arun
Published: March 2021

Compared with the traditional pedal lymphangiography, intranodal lymphangiography and MR lymphangiography have made imaging of the lymphatic system less challenging. Improvements in imaging and availability of newer catheters have allowed embolization of lymphatic system much more feasible that previously envisioned. In this article, we briefly review the anatomy, imaging, and current and future of lymphatic interventions.
The effects of strain and electric field in MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4 bilayers
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: March 2021

Researchers present ways to manipulate the band gap of the thin film material and its electrical and optical properties.
Ultrasonic shear wave propagation in soft tissues for microelastography
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: March 2021

Dispersion curve shows evidence of a cutoff frequency above which shear waves no longer propagate, which may assist microelastography researchers in choosing the best frequency for experiments.
Sloshing in a rotating liquid inside a closed sea cage for fish farming
Authors: Tsarau Andrei , Lugni Claudio , Lucarelli Alessia , Kristiansen David , Lader Pål
Published: March 2021

Sloshing in a sea cage with a slowly rotating liquid is investigated. The cage is axisymmetric, and the liquid is subjected to a nearly uniform angular velocity about the vertical axis of the cage. Both experimental and theoretical investigations are presented. It is shown that rotation modifies the sloshing regimes of a non-rotating liquid by splitting the natural frequencies. Therefore, resonant sloshing regimes can be manipulated by varying the rotation rate of the liquid.
A constriction channel analysis of astrocytoma stiffness and disease progression
Authors: Graybill P. M. , Bollineni R. K. , Sheng Z. , Davalos R. V. , Mirzaeifar R.
Published: March 2021

Studies have demonstrated that cancer cells tend to have reduced stiffness (Young's modulus) compared to their healthy counterparts. The mechanical properties of primary brain cancer cells, however, have remained largely unstudied. To investigate whether the stiffness of primary brain cancer cells decreases as malignancy increases, we used a microfluidic constriction channel device to deform healthy astrocytes and astrocytoma cells of grade II, III, and IV and measured the entry time, transit time, and elongation. Calculating cell stiffness directly from the experimental measurements is not possible. To overcome this challenge, finite element simulations of the cell entry into the constriction channel were used to train a neural network to calculate the stiffness of the analyzed cells based on their experimentally measured diameter, entry time, and elongation in the channel. Our study provides the first calculation of stiffness for grades II and III astrocytoma and is the first to apply a neural network analysis to determine cell mechanical properties from a constriction channel device. Our results suggest that the stiffness of astrocytoma cells is not well-correlated with the cell grade. Furthermore, while other non-central-nervous-system cell types typically show reduced stiffness of malignant cells, we found that most astrocytoma cell lines had increased stiffness compared to healthy astrocytes, with lower-grade astrocytoma having higher stiffness values than grade IV glioblastoma. Differences in nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio only partly explain differences in stiffness values. Although our study does have limitations, our results do not show a strong correlation of stiffness with cell grade, suggesting that other factors may play important roles in determining the invasive capability of astrocytoma. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate the mechanical properties of astrocytoma across various pathological grades.
COVID-19 second wave mortality in Europe and the United States
Authors: James Nick , Menzies Max , Radchenko Peter
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces new methods to analyze the changing progression of COVID-19 cases to deaths in different waves of the pandemic. First, an algorithmic approach partitions each country or state’s COVID-19 time series into a first wave and subsequent period. Next, offsets between case and death time series are learned for each country via a normalized inner product. Combining these with additional calculations, we can determine which countries have most substantially reduced the mortality rate of COVID-19. Finally, our paper identifies similarities in the trajectories of cases and deaths for European countries and U.S. states. Our analysis refines the popular conception that the mortality rate has greatly decreased throughout Europe during its second wave of COVID-19; instead, we demonstrate substantial heterogeneity throughout Europe and the U.S. The Netherlands exhibited the largest reduction of mortality, a factor of 16, followed by Denmark, France, Belgium, and other Western European countries, greater than both Eastern European countries and U.S. states. Some structural similarity is observed between Europe and the United States, in which Northeastern states have been the most successful in the country. Such analysis may help European countries learn from each other’s experiences and differing successes to develop the best policies to combat COVID-19 as a collective unit.
Transformation of digital to analog switching in TaOx-based memristor device for neuromorphic applications
Authors: Saleem Aftab , Simanjuntak Firman Mangasa , Chandrasekaran Sridhar , Rajasekaran Sailesh , Tseng Tseung-Yuen , Prodromakis Themis
Published: March 2021

An oxidizable metal diffusion barrier inserted between the active metal electrode and the switching layer decreases the electroforming voltage and enhances the switching stability and synaptic performances in TaOx-based conducting bridge memristor devices. The TiW barrier layer avoids an excessive metal ion diffusion into the switching layer, while the TiWOx interfacial layer is formed between the barrier and the switching layer. It modulates the oxygen vacancy distribution at the top interface and contributes to the formation and rupture of the metal ion-oxygen vacancy hybrid conducting bridge. We observe that the device that relies upon non-hybrid (metal ions only) conducting bridge suffers from poor analogous performance. Meanwhile, the device made with the barrier layer is capable of providing 2-bit memory and robust 50 stable epochs. TaOx also acts as resistance for suppressing and a thermal enhancement layer, which helps to minimize overshooting current. The enhanced analog device with high linear weight update shows multilevel cell characteristics and stable 50 epochs. To validate the neuromorphic characteristic of the devices, a simulated neural network of 100 synapses is used to recognize 10 × 10 pixel images.
The magnetic structure factor of the square ice: A phenomenological description
Authors: Rougemaille N. , Canals B.
Published: March 2021

We consider the sixteen vertex model, and we describe, phenomenologically, the main features of the square ice magnetic structure factor. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that in the high-temperature regime, the magnetic structure factor of the square ice can be seen as the superposition of two distinct magnetic structure factors associated with two other models. In particular, we provide empirical arguments to explain why intensity is present in some regions of reciprocal space and absent in other locations. We also tentatively explain why the so-called pinch points, evidencing the algebraic nature of the spin-spin correlations once the system is brought into its ground state manifold, appear for certain wavevectors only.
Achieving p-type conductivity in wide-bandgap SnO2 by a two-step process
Authors: Fu Wang , Li Mingkai , Li Jiashuai , Fang Guojia , Ye Pan , E Wentao , Xiao Xinglin , Wei Haoran , Liu Bohan , Lu Yinmei , He Yunbin
Published: March 2021

Wide bandgap SnO2 usually shows n-type conductivity due to intrinsic defects. Herein, we demonstrate the achievement of p-type conduction in SnO2 with a two-step process, in which 3.3 at. % Mg-doped SnO2 epitaxial films were first grown on c-Al2O3 by pulsed laser deposition and then annealed in an oxygen atmosphere at proper temperature and time. An activation energy of around 85 meV revealed by temperature-dependent resistance measurements verifies Mg as a shallow acceptor in the p-type doping of SnO2. The post-annealing treatment at suitable temperature and time was found to be crucial to greatly enhance the p-type conductivity of Mg-SnO2 by removing the interstitial Mg while maintaining the substitutional Mg in the SnO2 lattice. A hole concentration of 1.43 × 1017 cm−3 and a hole mobility of 4 cm2 V−1 s−1 as determined by Hall-effect measurements were achieved for a sample annealed at optimized conditions of 600 °C and 0.5 h. The achievement of high-quality p-type Mg-SnO2 epitaxial films demonstrates high potential in developing advanced optoelectronic devices based on p-n junctions of SnO2.
Local criteria for the unit equation and the asymptotic Fermat’s Last Theorem
Authors: Freitas Nuno , Kraus Alain , Siksek Samir
Published: March 2021

Significance

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, number theorists have intermittently attacked the Fermat equation over number fields, seeking extensions to Kummer’s approach. Nowadays, it is usual to follow in the footsteps of Frey, Serre, Ribet, and Wiles, whose efforts culminated in Wiles’ proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem. Until now, theorems giving a version of Fermat’s Last Theorem over a family of number fields have been marred by a restriction on the class group or the Galois group. In this paper, we prove the asymptotic Fermat’s Last Theorem for some number fields of odd degree, where the restrictions are much milder and local in nature.
The emancipation of gestures
Authors: Streeck Jürgen
Published: March 2021

Interactional linguists are interested in ways in which communicative resources emerge from interactional
practice. This paper defines a place for the study of gesture within interactional linguistics, conceived as ‘linguistics of time’
(Hopper, 2015). It shows how hand gestures of a certain kind – conceptual
gestures – emerge from ‘hands-on’ instrumental actions, are repeated and habitualized, and are taken to other communicative
contexts where they enable displaced reference and conceptual representation of experiences.

The data for this study is a video-recording of one work-day of an auto-shop owner (Streeck, 2017). The corpus includes auto-repair sequences in which he spontaneously improvises new
gestures in response to situated communication needs, and subsequent narrative sequences during which he re-enacts them as he
explains his prior actions. He also makes numerous ‘pre-fabricated’ gestures, gestures that circulate in the society at large and
that are acquired by copying other conversationalists. They are ready-made manual concepts. The paper explains the life-cycle of
conceptual gestures from spontaneous invention to social sedimentation and thereby sheds light on the ongoing emergence of
symbolic forms in corporeal practice and intercorporeal communication.
The Sultan's Life as a Tragedy? Zeyā al-Din Barani, Moʿezz al-Din Keyqobād, and the Performance ofTārikh
Authors: Trausch Tilmann
Published: March 2021

This article examines how Zeyā al-Din Barani may have imagined that contemporary audiences would consume his Tārikh-e Firuz Shāhi. Would it only be read visually or also read aloud (directed at the ear rather than the eye), and thus be received aurally, or would it even be performed in front of a larger audience? The plot and protagonists of Barani's story on Moʿezz al-Din Keyqobād present a tragedy that develops around a sultan doomed to fail. An examination of the set-up of Barani's narrative reveals that it contains numerous textual devices that would enable a storyteller to perform the story, using the text as a kind of tumār. As tragedies are written for the stage, not the study, these features of the text indicate that matters of orality, which are crucial for many genres of premodern Persianate courtly literature, are also relevant to the Tārikh-e Firuz Shāhi.
Knotting behaviour of polymer chains in the melt state for soft-core models with and without slip-springs
Authors: Wu Zhenghao , Alberti Simon A N , Schneider Jurek , Müller-Plathe Florian
Published: March 2021

We analyse the knotting behaviour of linear polymer melts in two types of soft-core models, namely dissipative-particle dynamics and hybrid-particle-field models, as well as their variants with slip-springs which are added to recover entangled polymer dynamics. The probability to form knots is found drastically higher in the hybrid-particle-field model compared to its parent hard-core molecular dynamics model. By comparing the knottedness in dissipative-particle dynamics and hybrid-particle-field models with and without slip-springs, we find the impact of slip-springs on the knotting properties to be negligible. As a dynamic property, we measure the characteristic time of knot formation and destruction, and find it to be (i) of the same order as single-monomer motion and (ii) independent of the chain length in all soft-core models. Knots are therefore formed and destroyed predominantly by the unphysical chain crossing. This work demonstrates that the addition of slip-springs does not alter the knotting behaviour, and it provides a general understanding of knotted structures in these two soft-core models of polymer melts.
Microheater-integrated zinc oxide nanowire microfluidic device for hybridization-based detection of target single-stranded DNA
Authors: Takahashi Hiromi , Yasui Takao , Kashida Hiromu , Makino Koki , Shinjo Keiko , Liu Quanli , Shimada Taisuke , Rahong Sakon , Kaji Noritada , Asanuma Hiroyuki , Baba Yoshinobu
Published: March 2021

Detection of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has an impact on DNA analysis in liquid biopsies. However, current strategies to detect cfDNA have limitations that should be overcome, such as having low sensitivity and requiring much time and a specialized instrument. Thus, non-invasive and rapid detection tools are needed for disease prevention and early-stage treatment. Here we developed a device having a microheater integrated with zinc oxide nanowires (microheater-ZnO-NWs) to detect target single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) based on DNA probe hybridization. We confirmed experimentally that our device realized in-situ annealed DNA probes by which we subsequently detected target ssDNAs. We envision that this device can be utilized for fundamental studies related to nanobiodevice-based DNA detection.
Novel core–shell nanocomposite as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazoles
Authors: Zheng Jianwei , Zhang Liying , Li Yang , Sun Hong-Bin , Zhang Gang , Sun Qi
Published: March 2021

Core–shell nanocomposites with a catalytic metal-organic framework (MOF) shell are more effective and stable than bare MOF. We have successfully designed an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazole by integrating acidic catalytic activity, and promoted the aerobic oxidation and magnetic recyclability of core–shell nanocomposite Fe3O4@SiO2@UiO-66. The Fe3O4@SiO2 core is encapsulated by the in situ-grown UiO-66 shell, and the UiO-66 shell retains the porous structure and crystallinity of UiO-66 with abundant exposed Lewis acid sites. It shows high catalytic ability for the synthesis of various benzimidazoles through the acid-catalyzed condensation and aerobic oxidation with in situ oxygen. The Fe3O4@SiO2 core provides magnetic recyclability of Fe3O4@SiO2@UiO-66, and maintains high catalytic ability and stability over six cycles.
Analysis of two-color photoelectron spectroscopy for attosecond metrology at seeded free-electron lasers
Authors: Maroju P K , Grazioli C , Di Fraia M , Moioli M , Ertel D , Ahmadi H , Plekan O , Finetti P , Allaria E , Giannessi L , De Ninno G , Spampinati S , Lutman A A , Squibb R J , Feifel R , Carpeggiani P , Reduzzi M , Mazza T , Meyer M , Bengtsson S , Ibrakovic N , Simpson E R , Mauritsson J , Csizmadia T , Dumergue M , Kühn S , Harshitha N G , You D , Ueda K , Labeye M , Bækhøj J E , Schafer K J , Gryzlova E V , Grum-Grzhimailo A N , Prince K C , Callegari C , Sansone G
Published: March 2021

The generation of attosecond pulse trains at free-electron lasers opens new opportunities in ultrafast science, as it gives access, for the first time, to reproducible, programmable, extreme ultraviolet (XUV) waveforms with high intensity. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the theoretical model underlying the temporal characterization of the attosecond pulse trains recently generated at the free-electron laser FERMI. In particular, the validity of the approximations used for the correlated analysis of the photoelectron spectra generated in the two-color photoionization experiments are thoroughly discussed. The ranges of validity of the assumptions, in connection with the main experimental parameters, are derived.
Gravitational waves from a universe filled with primordial black holes
Authors: Papanikolaou Theodoros , Vennin Vincent , Langlois David
Published: March 2021

Ultra-light primordial black holes, with masses m
PBH < 109g, evaporate before big-bang nucleosynthesis
and can therefore not be directly constrained. They can however be
so abundant that they dominate the universe content for a transient
period (before reheating the universe via Hawking evaporation). If
this happens, they support large cosmological fluctuations at small
scales, which in turn induce the production of gravitational waves
through second-order effects. Contrary to the primordial black
holes, those gravitational waves survive after evaporation, and can
therefore be used to constrain such scenarios. In this work, we show
that for induced gravitational waves not to lead to a backreaction
problem, the relative abundance of black holes at formation, denoted ΩPBH,f, should be such that ΩPBH,f < 10-4(m
PBH/109g)-1/4. In particular, scenarios
where primordial black holes dominate right upon their formation
time are all excluded (given that m
PBH > 10 g for
inflation to proceed at ρ1/4 < 1016 GeV). This sets
the first constraints on ultra-light primordial black holes.
A comparative study of the self-propelled jumping capabilities of coalesced droplets on RTV surfaces and superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Wang Sheng-Wu , Peng Lu , Chen Jun-Wu , Li Lee
Published: March 2021

Understanding the mechanism of coalescence-induced self-propelled jumping behavior provides distinct insights in designing and optimizing functional coatings with self-cleaning and anti-icing properties. However, to date self-propelled jumping phenomenon has only been observed and studied on superhydrophobic surfaces, other than those hydrophobic surfaces with weaker but fairish water-repellency, for instance, vulcanized silicon rubber (RTV) coatings. In this work, from the perspective of thermodynamic-based energy balance aspect, the reason that self-propelled jumping phenomenon does not happen on RTV coatings is studied. The apparent contact angles of droplets on RTV coatings can be less than the theoretical critical values therefore cannot promise energy surplus for the coalesced droplets onside. Besides, on RTV and superhydrophobic surfaces, the droplet-size dependent variation characteristics of the energy leftover from the coalescence process are opposite. For the droplets coalescing on RTV coatings, the magnitudes of energy dissipations are more sensitive to the increase in droplet size, compared to that of released surface energy. While for superhydrophobic coatings, the energy generated during the coalescence process can be more sensitive than the dissipations to the change in droplet size.
Anisotropic thermoelectric transport properties in polycrystalline SnSe2
*
Authors: Li Caiyun , He Wenke , Wang Dongyang , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: March 2021

It is reported that SnSe2 consisting of the same elements as SnSe, is a new promising thermoelectric material with advantageous layered structure. In this work, the thermoelectric performance of polycrystalline SnSe2 is improved through introducing SnSe phase and electron doping (Cl doped in Se sites). The anisotropic transport properties of SnSe2 are investigated. A great reduction of the thermal conductivity is achieved in SnSe2 through introducing SnSe phase, which mainly results from the strong SnSe2–SnSe inter-phase scattering. Then the carrier concentration is optimized via Cl doping, leading to a great enhancement of the electrical transport properties, thus an extraordinary power factor of ∼5.12 μW⋅cm−1⋅K−2 is achieved along the direction parallel to the spark plasma sintering (SPS) pressure direction (∥ P). Through the comprehensive consideration on the anisotropic thermoelectric transport properties, an enhanced figure of merit ZT is attained and reaches to ∼ 0.6 at 773 K in SnSe2-2% SnSe after 5% Cl doping along the ∥ P direction, which is much higher than ∼ 0.13 and ∼ 0.09 obtained in SnSe2-2% SnSe and pristine SnSe2 samples, respectively.
Device topological thermal management of β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes*
Authors: Yu Yang-Tong , Xiang Xue-Qiang , Zhou Xuan-Ze , Zhou Kai , Xu Guang-Wei , Zhao Xiao-Long , Long Shi-Bing
Published: March 2021

The ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor β gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) gives promise to low conduction loss and high power for electronic devices. However, due to the natural poor thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3, their power devices suffer from serious self-heating effect. To overcome this problem, we emphasize on the effect of device structure on peak temperature in β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) using TCAD simulation and experiment. The SBD topologies including crystal orientation of β-Ga2O3, work function of Schottky metal, anode area, and thickness, were simulated in TCAD, showing that the thickness of β-Ga2O3 plays a key role in reducing the peak temperature of diodes. Hence, we fabricated β-Ga2O3 SBDs with three different thickness epitaxial layers and five different thickness substrates. The surface temperature of the diodes was measured using an infrared thermal imaging camera. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. Thus, our results provide a new thermal management strategy for high power β-Ga2O3 diode.
Magnon bands in twisted bilayer honeycomb quantum magnets*
Authors: Zhu Xingchuan , Guo Huaiming , Feng Shiping
Published: March 2021

We study the magnon bands of twisted bilayer honeycomb quantum magnets using linear spin wave theory. Although the interlayer coupling can be ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic, we keep the intralayer one ferromagnetic to avoid possible frustration. For the interlayer ferromagnetic case, we find the magnon bands have similar features with the corresponding electronic energy spectrums. Although the linear dispersions near the Dirac points are preserved in the magnon bands of twisted bilayer magnets, their slopes are reduced with the decrease of the twist angles. On the other hand, the interlayer antiferromagnetic couplings generate quite different magnon spectra. The two single-layered magnon spectra are usually decoupled due to the opposite orientations of the spins in the two layers. We also develop a low-energy continuous theory for very small twist angles, which has been verified to fit well with the exact tight-binding calculations. Our results may be experimentally observed due to the rapid progress in two-dimensional magnetic materials.
The visualization of 3D radiation dose field in virtual environment
Authors: Chen Qiyi , Zhang Jiawan
Published: March 2021

Avoiding the harm caused by nuclear radiation is an important topic in the field of nuclear physics. For nuclear radiation protection, it is necessary to show the distribution of radiation dose in the power plants. In this paper, we propose the methods combining ray-casting volume rendering and geometry model fusion to visualize the 3D nuclear radiation dose field. We implement a nuclear radiation dose field virtual simulation system based on Unity3D, combined with virtual reality to help workers conduct nuclear radiation operations and training. Moreover, we plan the maintenance path of the workers based on the NEAT algorithm, thus providing necessary radiation protection measures. The experimental results and evaluation show the efficiency of our virtual radiation dose visualization and simulation system.
Research on Interactive Device Design of Anti-noise Pollution Based on Processing Programming Language
Authors: Jiaqi Li
Published: March 2021

The art design of interactive device is based on Arduino, an open-source technology and Processing, a programming language, whose application enriches the interactivity and expansibility of the device, and improves its visual effect and experience. With the rapid development of social economy, urban noise pollution has become increasingly severe, which has been yet to arouse enough public attention. Therefore, the research enables people to more intuitively experience the impact of urban noise through the interactive device, and realizes the interaction between the device and people through the communication between Arduino and Processing, so that people can deeply understand the severity and danger of urban noise pollution, thus calling for public’s higher awareness of noise prevention.
Design of Portable Universal Tester for Aircraft Pylon and Launcher Based on IPC
Authors: Dejun Zhang , Wei Zhang , Le Qi
Published: March 2021

To solve the problem of displacement survey fleet aircraft pylon and launcher, universal testing equipment is designed. The system is based on industrial computer architecture, the system through the software to control signal analog circuit with accuracy, emission, such as excitation signal, transmission device by signal feedback to complete various suspension test of the internal circuit. It has been proved by use that the test based on IPC is versatile, the operation interface is clear and easy to be used. The use of the test improved the test efficiency and the maintenance reliability, meet the requirement testing of the pylon/launcher.
A Computer Vision System for Missing Tablets Detection
Authors: Zhao Xuhan
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we established a computer vision system for missing tablets detection in pharmaceutical industry during the manufacturing process. The images of blister pack with tablets in RGB color format were acquired by using a CCD industrial color camera on the industrial assembly line in real time. In order to reduce the effect of environmental brightness, the obtained RGB format images were transformed into HSI color format. According to the threshold of the hue and saturation, the image segmentation was carried out. Then, the tablets could be identified and determined. The Canny edge detection and Hough circle detection was used to mark the locations of tablets. Based on the locations and number of circles, the location of the missing tablets was obtained. This computer vision system could boost efficiency, reduce the cost of labor, and guarantee the safety of drug consumers.
Modelling of Pilotage Service Portfolio for e-navigation and its application in approaching port
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Yingjun
Published: March 2021

Based on the objectives and requirements of the pilotage service portfolio, using the design standards of HGDM organization, the nodes, activities and certification modules of ships entering and leaving the port are analysed, and the S-100 standard model of pilotage data is established. According to the characteristics and actual needs of pilotage, the technical design mode of C/S (client/server) mode of pilotage service portfolio is determined; the application example of pilotage service portfolio is verified by the service mode of tide riding opportunity in Ningbo waters for large container pilotage.
Analysis of Maritime Traffic Safety Based on Intrinsic Safety Theory
Authors: Lili Jiang , Minglu Ma
Published: March 2021

Strengthening intrinsic safety of maritime traffic is essential for further modernization of the maritime traffic safety governance system and the governance capabilities. This paper studies the connotations of the intrinsic safety of maritime traffic, then analyzes the composition of the intrinsic safety system of maritime traffic and explores how to achieve intrinsic safety of the system factors such as crew, ships, navigation environment and safety management by referring to a typical case, and finally proposes maritime regulatory measures based on the intrinsic safety of maritime traffic and the long-term maritime management model for ensuring the intrinsic safety of maritime traffic.