bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Weld to S960MC High Strength Steel from Joining Process at Micro-Jet Cooling with Critical Parameters under Static and Fatigue Loading
Authors: Szymczak Tadeusz , Szczucka-Lasota Bożena , Węgrzyn Tomasz , Łazarz Bogusław , Jurek Adam
Published: May 2021

The paper is focused on testing the weld of the S960MC steel produced at the micro-jet cooling under static and fatigue loading at critical parameters. This kind of material was in the form of a sheet with a thickness equal to 2 mm. The joint was obtained using three different types of welding wires: EDFK 1000, Union NiMoCr and Union X96 at the same parameters of the process. The joints were examined using non-destructive and destructive tests. The results from non-destructive experiments enable us to assess the quality of the welds directly before the joining process. In contrast, the destructive one allows following welds behavior under different loading conditions with their critical parameters. The bending experiments confirmed the good plastic properties of the weld, expressed by no cracks in the region tested in many variants of the joint manufactured. The results from static tests indicated a significant reduction of mechanical parameters of the weld in comparison to the base metal, expressed by 50% differences. Fatigue data have enabled us to follow the welding behavior at the increasing amplitude of axial stress up to fracture at constant amplitude value covering the following values of stress 650 MPa–100 MPa. Variations of total energy are presented at different values of several cycles up to fracture. Fracture regions are collected for analysis of the joint region features under cyclic loading. They have indicated differences in weld cracking depended on the stress level. Finally, the Wöhler S-N curve of the weld was determined, indicating the value of the fatigue limit of the weld tested, i.e., 100 MPa. The weld at the Union NiMoCr welding wire was indicated as the joint having the highest resistance on static and fatigue loadings.
Structure Elucidation of Calyxoside B, a Bipolar Sphingolipid from a Marine Sponge Cladocroce sp. through the Use of Beckmann Rearrangement
Authors: Sugawara Kenji , Watarai Hiroshi , Ise Yuji , Yokose Hisayoshi , Morii Yasuhiro , Yamawaki Nobuhiro , Okada Shigeru , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: May 2021

Marine sponges are an excellent source of biologically active secondary metabolites. We focus on deep-sea sponges for our discovery study. A marine sponge Cladocroce sp. exhibited cytotoxic activity in the bioactivity screening. From this sponge a previously unreported cytotoxic glycosphingolipid, calyxoside B, was isolated and the structure of this compound was elucidated by analyses of MS and NMR spectra and chemical derivatization. We converted the ketone in the middle of a long aliphatic chain into an oxime to which was applied Beckmann rearrangement to afford two positional isomers of amides. The products were subjected to acidic hydrolysis followed by LC-MS analysis, permitting us to assign unequivocally the position of the ketone. Calyxoside B shows cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 31 µM and also weakly stimulated the production of cytokines in mice.
Total Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Bioactivity of (−)-Majusculoic Acid and Its Derivatives
Authors: Xiao Hong-Xiu , Yan Qing-Xiang , He Zhi-Hui , Zou Zheng-Biao , Le Qing-Qing , Chen Ting-Ting , Cai Bing , Yang Xian-Wen , Luo Su-Lan
Published: May 2021

The first total synthesis of marine natural product, (−)-majusculoic acid (1) and its seven analogs (9–15), was accomplished in three to ten steps with a yield of 3% to 28%. The strategy featured the application of the conformational controlled establishment of the trans-cyclopropane and stereochemical controlled bromo-olefination or olefination by Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reaction. The potential anti-inflammatory activity of the eight compounds (1 and 9–15) was evaluated by determining the nitric oxide (NO) production in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophages RAW264.7. (−)-Majusculoic acid (1), methyl majusculoate (9), and (1R,2R)-2-((3E,5Z)-6-bromonona-3,5-dien-1-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (12) showed significant effect with inhibition rates of 33.68%, 35.75%, and 43.01%, respectively. Moreover, they did not show cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 cells, indicating that they might be potential anti-inflammatory agents.
Glucose-Limited Fed-Batch Cultivation Strategy to Mimic Large-Scale Effects in Escherichia coli Linked to Accumulation of Non-Canonical Branched-Chain Amino Acids by Combination of Pyruvate Pulses and Dissolved Oxygen Limitation
Authors: García Ángel Córcoles , Hauptmann Peter , Neubauer Peter
Published: May 2021

Insufficient mixing in large-scale bioreactors provokes gradient zones of substrate, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and other parameters. E. coli responds to a high glucose, low oxygen feeding zone with the accumulation of mixed acid fermentation products, especially formate, but also with the synthesis of non-canonical amino acids, such as norvaline, norleucine and β-methylnorleucine. These amino acids can be mis-incorporated into recombinant products, which causes a problem for pharmaceutical production whose solution is not trivial. While these effects can also be observed in scale down bioreactor systems, these are challenging to operate. Especially the high-throughput screening of clone libraries is not easy, as fed-batch cultivations would need to be controlled via repeated glucose pulses with simultaneous oxygen limitation, as has been demonstrated in well controlled robotic systems. Here we show that not only glucose pulses in combination with oxygen limitation can provoke the synthesis of these non-canonical branched-chain amino acids (ncBCAA), but also that pyruvate pulses produce the same effect. Therefore, we combined the enzyme-based glucose delivery method Enbase® in a PALL24 mini-bioreactor system and combined repeated pyruvate pulses with simultaneous reduction of the aeration rate. These cultivation conditions produced an increase in the non-canonical branched chain amino acids norvaline and norleucine in both the intracellular soluble protein and inclusion body fractions with mini-proinsulin as an example product, and this effect was verified in a 15 L stirred tank bioreactor (STR). To our opinion this cultivation strategy is easy to apply for the screening of strain libraries under standard laboratory conditions if no complex robotic and well controlled parallel cultivation devices are available.
Azo-Dyes-Grafted Oligosaccharides—From Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Léonard Estelle , Fayeulle Antoine
Published: May 2021

Azobenzenes are photochromic molecules that possess a large range of applications. Their syntheses are usually simple and fast, and their purifications can be easy to perform. Oligosaccharide is also a wide family of biopolymer constituted of linear chain of saccharides. It can be extracted from biomass, as for cellulose, being the principal constituent of plant cell wall, or it can be enzymatically produced as for cyclodextrins, having properties not far from cellulose. Combining these two materials families can afford interesting applications such as controlled drug-release systems, photochromic liquid crystals, photoresponsive films or even fluorescent indicators. This review will compile the different syntheses of azo-dyes-grafted oligosaccharides, and will show their various applications.
Disproportionate Vitamin A Deficiency in Women of Specific Ethnicities Linked to Differences in Allele Frequencies of Vitamin A-Related Polymorphisms
Authors: Suzuki Masako , Wang Tao , Garretto Diana , Isasi Carmen R. , Cardoso Wellington V. , Greally John M. , Quadro Loredana
Published: May 2021

Background: While the current national prevalence rate of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is estimated to be less than 1%, it is suggested that it varies between different ethnic groups and races within the U.S. We assessed the prevalence of VAD in pregnant women of different ethnic groups and tested these prevalence rates for associations with the vitamin A-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies in each ethnic group. Methods: We analyzed two independent datasets of serum retinol levels with self-reported ethnicities and the differences of allele frequencies of the SNPs associated with vitamin A metabolism between groups in publicly available datasets. Results: Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic pregnant women showed high VAD prevalence in both datasets. Interestingly, the VAD prevalence for Hispanic pregnant women significantly differed between datasets (p = 1.973 × 10−10, 95%CI 0.04–0.22). Alleles known to confer the risk of low serum retinol (rs10882272 C and rs738409 G) showed higher frequencies in the race/ethnicity groups with more VAD. Moreover, minor allele frequencies of a set of 39 previously reported SNPs associated with vitamin A metabolism were significantly different between the populations of different ancestries than those of randomly selected SNPs (p = 0.030). Conclusions: Our analysis confirmed that VAD prevalence varies between different ethnic groups/races and may be causally associated with genetic variants conferring risk for low retinol levels. Assessing genetic variant information prior to performing an effective nutrient supplementation program will help us plan more effective food-based interventions.
Protective Role of Ice Barriers: How Reproductive Organs of Early Flowering and Mountain Plants Escape Frost Injuries
Authors: Bertel Clara , Hacker Jürgen , Neuner Gilbert
Published: May 2021

In the temperate zone of Europe, plants flowering in early spring or at high elevation risk that their reproductive organs are harmed by episodic frosts. Focusing on flowers of two mountain and three early-flowering colline to montane distributed species, vulnerability to ice formation and ice management strategies using infrared video thermography were investigated. Three species had ice susceptible flowers and structural ice barriers, between the vegetative and reproductive organs, that prevent ice entrance from the frozen stems. Structural ice barriers as found in Anemona nemorosa and Muscari sp. have not yet been described for herbaceous species that of Jasminum nudiflorum corroborates findings for woody species. Flowers of Galanthus nivalis and Scilla forbesii were ice tolerant. For all herbs, it became clear that the soil acts as a thermal insulator for frost susceptible below ground organs and as a thermal barrier against the spread of ice between individual flowers and leaves. Both ice barrier types presumably promote that the reproductive organs can remain supercooled, and can at least for a certain time-period escape from effects of ice formation. Both effects of ice barriers appear significant in the habitat of the tested species, where episodic freezing events potentially curtail the reproductive success.
Source–Sink Manipulation Affects Accumulation of Zinc and Other Nutrient Elements in Wheat Grains
Authors: Wang Lan , Xia Haiyong , Li Xiaojing , Qiao Yuetong , Xue Yanhui , Jiang Xilong , Yan Wei , Liu Yumin , Xue Yanfang , Kong Lingan
Published: May 2021

To better understand the source–sink flow and its relationships with zinc (Zn) and other nutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants for biofortification and improving grain nutritional quality, the effects of reducing the photoassimilate source (through the flag leaf removal and spike shading) or sink (through the removal of all spikelets from one side of the spike, i.e., 50% spikelets removal) in the field of the accumulation of Zn and other nutrients in grains of two wheat cultivars (Jimai 22 and Jimai 44) were investigated at two soil Zn application levels. The kernel number per spike (KNPS), single panicle weight (SPW), thousand kernel weight (TKW), total grain weight (TGW) sampled, concentrations and yields of various nutrient elements including Zn, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), phytate phosphorus (phytate-P), phytic acid (PA) and phytohormones (ABA: abscisic acid, and the ethylene precursor ACC: 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid), and carbon/N ratios were determined. Soil Zn application significantly increased the concentrations of grain Zn, N and K. Cultivars showing higher grain yields had lower grain protein and micronutrient nutritional quality. SPW, KNPS, TKW (with the exception of TKW in the removal of half of the spikelets), TGW, and nutrient yields in wheat grains were most severely reduced by half spikelet removal, secondly by spike shading, and slightly by flag leaf removal. Grain concentrations of Zn, N and Mg consistently showed negative correlations with SPW, KNPS and TGW, but positive correlations with TKW. There were general positive correlations among grain concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, N and Mg, and the bioavailability of Zn and Fe (estimated by molar ratios of PA/Zn, PA/Fe, PA × Ca/Zn, or PA × Ca/Fe). Although Zn and Fe concentrations were increased and Ca was decreased in treatments of half spikelet removal and spike shading, the treatments simultaneously increased PA and limited the increase in bioavailability of Zn and Fe. In general, different nutrient elements interact with each other and are affected to different degrees by source–sink manipulation. Elevated endogenous ABA levels and ABA/ACC ratios were associated with increased TKW and grain-filling of Zn, Mn, Ca and Mg, and inhibited K in wheat grains. However, the effects of ACC were diametrically opposite. These results provide a basis for wheat grain biofortification to alleviate human malnutrition.
GNSS Localization in Constraint Environment by Image Fusing Techniques
Authors: David Ciprian , Nafornita Corina , Gui Vasile , Campeanu Andrei , Carrie Guillaume , Monnerat Michel
Published: May 2021

Satellite localization often suffers in terms of accuracy due to various reasons. One possible source of errors is represented by the lack of means to eliminate Non-Line-of-Sight satellite-related data. We propose here a method for fusing existing data with new information, extracted by using roof-mounted cameras and adequate image processing algorithms. The roof-mounted camera is used to robustly segment the sky regions. The localization approach can benefit from this new information as it offers a way of excluding the Non-Line-of-Sight satellites. The output of the camera module is a probability map. One can easily decide which satellites should not be used for localization, by manipulating this probability map. Our approach is validated by extensive tests, which demonstrate the improvement of the localization itself (Horizontal Positioning Error reduction) and a moderate degradation of Horizontal Protection Level due to the Dilution of Precision phenomenon, which appears as a consequence of the reduction of the satellites’ number used for localization.
Ex Post Analysis of Water Supply Demand in an Agricultural Basin by Multi-Source Data Integration
Authors: Lillo-Saavedra Mario , Gavilán Viviana , García-Pedrero Angel , Gonzalo-Martín Consuelo , de la Hoz Felipe , Somos-Valenzuela Marcelo , Rivera Diego
Published: May 2021

In this work, we present a new methodology integrating data from multiple sources, such as observations from the Landsat-8 (L8) and Sentinel-2 (S2) satellites, with information gathered in field campaigns and information derived from different public databases, in order to characterize the water demand of crops (potential and estimated) in a spatially and temporally distributed manner. This methodology is applied to a case study corresponding to the basin of the Longaví River, located in south-central Chile. Potential and estimated demands, aggregated at different spatio-temporal scales, are compared to the streamflow of the Longaví River, as well as extractions from the groundwater system. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the availability of spatio-temporal information on the water availability and demand pairing allows us to close the water gap—i.e., the difference between supply and demand—allowing for better management of water resources in a watershed.
Data Delivery in a Disaster or Quarantined Area Divided into Triangles Using DTN-Based Algorithms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Udroiu Razvan , Deaconu Adrian Marius , Nanau Corina-Ştefania
Published: May 2021

The communication in quarantined areas, e.g., due to the new COVID-19 pandemic, between isolated areas and in areas with technical damage has resulted in a great deal of interest concerning the safety of the population. A new method for ensuring communication between different areas, using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks with a well-established mobility schedule is proposed. UAVs fly based on a mission plan using regular polygons covering an area from a map. The area is considered to be equidistantly covered with points, grouped in triangles which are further grouped into hexagons. In this paper, UAVs, including battery charging or battery swapping stations and light weight Wi-Fi boards, are used for the data transfer among drones and stations using delivery protocols. UAV network analysis and evaluation (lengths of the arcs in seconds) based on experimental preliminary flight tests are proposed. Multiple simulations are performed based on six DTN algorithms, single-copy, and multiple-copies algorithms, and the efficiency of data transmission (delivery rate and latency) is analyzed. A very good delivery rate of 0.973 is obtained using the newly introduced TD-UAV Dijkstra algorithm.
(Un)expected Learning Outcomes of Virtual School Garden Exchanges in the Field of Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Lochner Johanna , Rieckmann Marco , Robischon Marcel
Published: May 2021

Global solidarity is paramount in times of global crises and essential in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Virtual School Garden Exchanges (VSGEs) link local gardening with global thinking. In VSGEs, elementary and secondary school students in different parts of the world exchange information about their school gardens and related topics via digital media. Educators’ perspectives and the learning outcomes they observed in the participants of the VSGEs were the focus of this study, as there has been controversy about whether VSGEs are suitable for implementing ESD and whether VSGEs result in the learning outcomes that the educators expect them to. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with VSGE educators and analyzed them in an abductive and qualitative manner. The results showed substantial overlap with both the expected learning outcomes and the aims of ESD. Nevertheless, the data revealed different ways in which learners who engaged with their international peers were influenced by stereotypes and norms. On the one hand, VSGEs can lead to Othering, which is not congruent with either ESD or the expected learning outcomes. On the other hand, it can inspire Transformative Learning processes, which contribute to the aims of ESD. Therefore, depending on a complex interplay of various factors, there is potential for ESD in VSGEs, but VSGEs are not guaranteed to be a good ESD practice.
Leveraging COVID-19 Outbreak for Shaping a More Sustainable Consumer Behavior
Authors: Orîndaru Andreea , Popescu Maria-Floriana , Căescu Ștefan-Claudiu , Botezatu Florina , Florescu Margareta Stela , Runceanu-Albu Carmen-Cristina
Published: May 2021

Consumption has lately been under the microscope facing pressure from all stakeholders as principles of sustainability have gained more popularity. In this context, a new sustainable consumer model was born, referring to major shifts in buying and consumption habits. Nevertheless, these shifts were lagging as consumers resisted change in the comfort of old habits. This comfort was shaken up by the COVID-19 outbreak that forced us to rethink every aspect of our lives. Therefore, this crisis context seems the perfect opportunity to shift towards the sustainable consumer model. People’s openness towards embracing new consumption habits was evaluated in a quantitative study where data was collected in two different moments: May 2020 and December 2020. Major results of our research show that people’s lives were dominated in 2020 by uncertainty, especially when referring to their financial situation. Further on, consumers have already started to bring major shifts in their consumption habits because of this uncertainty. Among the most important shifts, there were more prudent purchase decisions, rising interest for discounted prices, increased likelihood of buying local and enhanced preference in buy fresh products instead of processed or semi-processed ones.
The Business Model in Sustainability Transitions: A Conceptualization
Authors: Hernández-Chea Roberto , Jain Akriti , Bocken Nancy M. P. , Gurtoo Anjula
Published: May 2021

Business models direct a firm’s activity to move in coherence with the objectives of the business. Current literature suggests business models can act as vital forces to facilitate sustainability transitions and highlights the urgent research call to understand the role of business model innovations in stimulating sustainability transitions. This paper addresses this research need by investigating how firms create business model innovations for system-level transformation towards sustainability. Through a systematic literature review and deductive content analysis methodology, we identify and categorize different combinations of innovative activities in a firm’s business model. Furthermore, two cases are illustrated to demonstrate the proposed conceptual model. The proposed conceptualization bridges a significant gap in the theme of sustainability and business and presents a defensible and researchable problem for transitions literature. Specifically, we find (1) shared vision and strategic dialogues among firms in different sectors as essential to develop value propositions and leverage business opportunities for sustainability in the long run; (2) companies ensure sustainable value creation and value delivery in the medium term through creation of an interdependent network of the green supply chain and collaboration with stakeholders; (3) in the short term, companies adopt sustainable practices, controlling daily operations, conducting awareness campaigns and experimenting with collaborations to deliver values based on sustainable practices.
The Coach–Athlete Relationship and Self-Talk in Turkish Athletes
Authors: Ada Elif Nilay , Comoutos Nikos , Ahmad Hasan , Yıldız Rabia , Jowett Sophia , Kazak Zişan
Published: May 2021

Background: The first purpose of the study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Automatic Self-Talk Questionnaire for Sports (ASTQS) in the Turkish language and the secondary purpose was to examine the relationship between the quality of the coach–athlete relationship and athletes’ self-talk. Methods: 477 athletes (females = 252, males = 225) completed the Turkish versions of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) and the ASTQS. Results: ASTQS showed good psychometric properties in the Turkish language. Findings on the construct validity of the scale were consistent with the original scale’s 8-factor structure. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.65 to 0.91. Furthermore, path analysis results showed that closeness had a direct effect on disengagement, psych-up, and anxiety control. The commitment had a direct effect on somatic fatigue, and complementarity had a direct effect on worry, confidence, and instruction. Conclusions: Finally, the results from the present study indicated that the Automatic Self-Talk Questionnaire provided a reliable and valid measure for Turkish athletes. The results revealed the importance of the coach–athlete relationship in sport and its’ role in shaping athletes’ self-talk.
Exploring the Use of Polyols, Corn, and Beet Juice for Decreasing the Freezing Point of Brine Solution for Deicing of Pavements
Authors: Abbas Tauqeer , Lavadiya Dayakar Naik , Kiran Ravi
Published: May 2021

Deicing of pavements is essential to ensure safe and timely movement of traffic in geographical locations where snow and ice events are anticipated. State and local municipalities employ brine solution with 23.3 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) available in the form of rock salt to deice the pavements. Unlike water, the brine solution does not freeze until the temperature falls below −21.0 °C, i.e., the freezing point of water is depressed by −21.0 °C with the addition of 23.3 wt% NaCl. The depressed freezing point of the brine solution plays a key role in deicing pavements. Unfortunately, a further increase in rock salt content does not lower the freezing point of the brine solution. In this study, different combinations of agricultural products such as polyols including sorbitol, maltitol, and mannitol in brine (23.3 wt% of NaCl in water), and NaCl-juice (corn and beet juice) were investigated to achieve freezing point depressions below −21.0 °C for potential deicing applications in extremely cold areas. Different weight fractions of polyols-brine solutions ranging from 7.14% to 27.77% were considered, and corresponding freezing points were determined. While the sorbitol-brine solution exhibited the lowest freezing point of −38.1 °C at a higher concentration, the maltitol-brine solution exhibited a freezing point of −35.6 °C at the same concentration. Based on the °Brix value, beet juice had almost three times more soluble solids and a lower freezing point compared to corn juice. Adding 23.3 wt% of NaCl in 70% corn juice lowered the freezing point up to −23.5 °C.
The Dynamic Impact of Agricultural Fiscal Expenditures and Gross Agricultural Output on Poverty Reduction: A VAR Model Analysis
Authors: Zeng Guanglu , Zhang Chenggang , Li Sanxi , Sun Hailin
Published: May 2021

China was the first developing country to achieve the poverty eradication target of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 10 years ahead of schedule. Its past approach has been, mainly, to allocate more fiscal spending to rural areas, while strengthening accountability for poverty alleviation. However, some literature suggests that poor rural areas still lack the endogenous dynamics for sustainable growth. Using a vector autoregression (VAR) model, based on data from 1990 to 2019, we find that fiscal spending plays a much more significant role in reducing the poverty ratio than agricultural development. When poverty alleviation is treated as an administrative task, each poor village must complete the spending of top-down poverty alleviation funds within a time frame that is usually shorter than that required for successful specialty agriculture. As a result, the greater the pressure of poverty eradication and the more funds allocated, the more poverty alleviation projects become an anchor for accountability, and the more local governments’ consideration of industry cycles and input–output analysis give way to formalism, homogeneity, and even complicity. We suggest using the leverage of fiscal funds to direct more resources to productive uses, thus guiding future rural revitalization in a more sustainable direction.
The Construction and Sustainability of Teachers’ Positive Emotions toward STEM Educational Work
Authors: Lian Yi , Tsang Kwok-Kuen , Zhang Ying
Published: May 2021

STEM education is an important approach for preparing students for a competitive workforce with essential skills in the 21st century. However, successfully implementing STEM education in primary and secondary schools presents a variety of challenges. The study suggests that a neglected challenge in the literature is how to sustain teachers’ positive emotions toward STEM educational work, which may cause teachers to be more engaged in, motived by, and committed to STEM education. Therefore, the study aims to contribute to the literature by investigating the mechanism of the construction and suitability of teachers’ emotions toward STEM educational work based on a single case study conducted in Hong Kong from the social constructionist perspective. The major findings of the study indicate that (1) positive emotions toward STEM educational work may be constructed by the teacher’s positive interpretation of the work, i.e., STEM educational work as the facilitator of students’ overall development and that (2) positive emotions toward STEM educational work may be sustained by enabling school institutions to have the elements of shared power, administrative support, and the value of a whole-person education.
PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF PERSONAL CHANGES IN PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
Authors: Shevchuk V.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the description of scientific research and theoretical generalization of modern ideas about the influence of psychological factors on personal changes in parents raising children with disabilities. The study outlines the urgency of this problem, as the number of such families is constantly growing and the fact of birth of a child with mental and physical disabilities can become a trauma for parents, which manifests itself in the form of despair, anger, irritability and more. The study of the personal characteristics of parents raising children with disabilities is important for the development of effective methods and programs of psychological support for such families. Common features of parents of children with disabilities are sensitivity, hypersocialization and protective behavior, they are characterized by feelings of isolation, depression, weakness and the need for compassion of others, and the main psychological reactions to a child with developmental disabilities are shock, denial, aggression, depression and acceptance. Parents with high levels of subjective stress have fewer adaptive resources to their child's special needs. In general, parents of children with disabilities are divided into neurotic, authoritarian and psychosomatic types (according to V. Tkachova) and schizophrenic, epileptoid, steroid and cycloid psychotypes (according to I. Ryzhenko).

The concept of experiencing heavy loss is highlighted by E. Kubler-Ross, OV Gnezdylov, K. Lucas and the constitutional-continuum concept of IV Boev and OO Akhverdov. In general, personality-typological constitutional variability determines the transformation of personality in the ranges of psychological norm-accentuation-borderline abnormal personality (MAO) – pathological mental constitution (psychopathy). The severity of variational personal variability, which is defined constitutionally, is responsible for the adaptability, tolerance and compensatory capabilities of the individual to pathogenic stresses, ie the result of the refraction of external factors through the internal (constitutional) content. Determining the level of constitutional determinism of personality-typological manifestations in parents contributes to a more accurate prediction of their reaction in extreme conditions.
La perspectiva de alfabetización freireana y el enfoque didáctico constructivista con base en las investigaciones psicogenéticas: continuidades y rupturas para pensar los procesos de alfabetización inicial en personas jóvenes y adultas
Authors: Kurlat Marcela
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo se propone analizar continuidades y rupturas entre la perspectiva de alfabetización freireana y el enfoque didáctico constructivista con base en las investigaciones psicogenéticas, a modo de insumo para pensar los procesos de alfabetización inicial en personas jóvenes y adultas. Desde un devenir de catorce años de investigación en los que hemos intentado conocer la especificidad de la construcción del sistema de escritura en dicha población, hemos entrado en diálogo y reflexión con los aportes freireanos a los procesos de alfabetización de personas jóvenes y adultas desde la educación popular, realizando desde la praxis de docencia e investigación procesos comparativos con el enfoque constructivista de base psicogenética. Sostenemos la convergencia de ambos enfoques desde una mirada político-pedagógica y la superación didáctica del enfoque constructivista, desde una enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura capaz de materializar con más potencia aun que los propios postulados del método freireano, una alfabetización liberadora y crítica.
La educación como práctica de la democracia: Paulo Freire antes del golpe cívico-militar de 1964 en Brasil
Authors: Araújo Taís
Published: May 2021

El objetivo del artículo es analizar textos de Paulo Freire escritos a principios de la década de 1960, antes de la publicación de sus primeros libros, La Educación como práctica de la libertad y Pedagogía del Oprimido. En aquel momento, el autor presentaba una concepción de la educación relacionada a propósitos más allá del acto pedagógico, en este caso, vinculada al desarrollo nacional y a la consolidación de la democracia en Brasil. De modo diferente de sus concepciones políticas del fin de de esa década, a principios de la misma Freire propuso un concepto de educación alineado con la idea del cambio dentro del orden, porque, en su opinión, se estaba llevando a cabo una transformación estructural en el país operada por gobiernos nacional-reformistas. Así, tratamos de entender cómo Freire articulaba una idea de lo Nacional Popular con los conceptos de la filosofía existencialista apropiados por el activismo católico, con los que el educador compartía, además de las afinidades, espacios de acción.
La formación en derechos humanos y desarrollo sostenible como educación liberadora
Authors: Vogelfanger Alan
Published: May 2021

Paulo Freire desarrolló a lo largo de su obra conceptos como emancipación, pedagogía crítica, empoderamiento, construcción mutua y colectiva del conocimiento, cambio social y transformación política. Estas ideas se corresponden con los objetivos que persigue la educación en derechos humanos. Asimismo, en la actualidad, para lograr una verdadera educación liberadora se hace necesario incorporar la educación para el desarrollo sostenible. A propósito del centenario del nacimiento del educador brasileño, este ensayo de reflexión teórica pretende conectar algunas de sus ideas principales con las tendencias actuales en materia de educación en derechos humanos y desarrollo sostenible. Finalmente, se concluirá en la necesidad, importancia y potencial de integrar este tipo de educación efectivamente en la formación de todo individuo, a través de todos los canales posibles. A fin de cuentas, se trata de un recurso fundamental para garantizar la dignidad de las personas. Solo así se podrá sostener e impulsar el legado de Freire.
Effect of Reactive and Non-Reactive Diluent on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin
Authors: ARAS Ömür , KAYA Yunus
Published: May 2021

Epoxy resins, which are frequently preferred among thermoset plastics in the industry, are materials with high viscosity, and good mechanical performance. The biggest disadvantage of epoxy resins is that they encounter difficulties in application alone due to their high viscosity. For this reason, various diluents are added to reduce their viscosity and applications are conducted. In this study, the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin, which is used in many fields, were observed with the addition of certain sizes of reactive and non-reactive diluents. Diglycidyl ether was used as the reactive diluents, and benzyl alcohol was used as the non-reactive diluent. In addition, ethylene diamine and diethylene triamine were used as curing agents. It was tried to determine the optimum modification of the hardened epoxy resin by measuring the mechanical strengths in the electromechanical test device. The results indicated the optimum composition that does not dramatically affect the mechanical performance of the epoxy resin is the composition containing 7.5% DE and 10% EDA, its tensile strength measured as 53.27 N/mm2.
Bir Mekanik Montaj Sisteminde Tolerans Yığılması ve Tolerans Alanının Genişletilmesi
Authors: SÖNMEZ Fikret , BADAY Şehmus
Published: May 2021

Birbiri ile beraber çalışan makine parçalarına tolerans verilmesi gerek fonksiyonellik gerekse maliyet açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Özellikle talaşlı imalat ile üretilen makine parçaların için dar tolerans aralıklarının belirlenmesi yüksek maliyet artışlarına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle birbiri ile çalışacak makine parçalarının montajının yapılabilmesi ve mümkün olan en geniş tolerans aralığı ile üretilebilmesi istenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir mil üzerine standart makine elemanlarının birleştirilmesi ile oluşan bir montaj sistemi analiz edilmiştir. Standart makine elemanları üreticiler tarafından belirli bir tolerans değeri aralığında üretilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, standart makine elemanlarının toleransları temel alınarak bir mil için toleranslandırma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu birleştirme işleme en kötü durum senaryosu ile başlanmış ve tolerans aralığının genişletilmesi için Monte Carlo simülasyonu ile devam edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda en kötü durum senaryosunda elde edilen ± 0,015 mm tolerans değeri Monte Carlo simülasyonu ile ± 0,27 mm değerine kadar genişletilmiştir. Böylelikle aynı montaj sisteminde çok daha geniş bir tolerans aralığının kullanılmasına ve aynı zamanda maliyetin azaltılması sağlanmıştır.
Simulation Data Acquisition and Control for LNG Custody Transfer Based on ISO 8943
Authors: Arman Muhammad , Mulyono Edi Wahyu Sri , Falahuddin Muhamad Anda , Ayu Wirenda Sekar
Published: May 2021

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a complex mixture of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons with nitrogen as a principal inert impurity. Nowadays, the instrumentation control tools are needed in LNG Commercialization to ensure the LNG is safely transported, while minimizing the energy losses across the network. This research was a preliminary design that used LNG custody transfer control tools referred the ISO 8943:2007 standard. The temperature was measured by thermocouple (Rosemount transmitter 3144 series), while the pressure was measured using pressure transmitter (Rosemount transmitter 3051 series). The simulated signal temperature was done by temperature control box, while the simulated pressure was represented by WIKA pressure calibrator. Data from transmitter was sent to the LabVolt 9063 series that has data acquisition for Software Development Kit (SDK) enabled. Previously, the LabVolt 9063 did not recognized the signal from the transmitter. The SDK software bridged the LabVolt hardware with the LabView software. In the simulated system, temperature alarm will be triggered when the temperature value exceeds 20oC. For simulated pressure, the alarm will respond if pressure value exceeds 30 psi. From the results of this research, the communication between hardware and software worked properly. The data acquisition system was stable during the data collection stage, processing and displaying. In addition, the alarm indicator for both temperature and pressure was met within the threshold value.
Adhesive bond strength between orthodontic resin and acrylic surfaces
Authors: Torres-Capetillo Evelyn Guadalupe , Capetillo-Hernández Guadalupe Rosalía , Roesch-Ramos Laura , Moreno-Marín Flora
Published: May 2021

The use of orthodontic treatments in patients with temporary prostheses has been increasing, the purpose of this in vitro research is to measure the adhesive bond strength between orthodontic resin and acrylic surfaces by applying different procedures. Objective. To compare the adhesive bonding strength between orthodontic resin and acrylic surfaces under different application protocols. Methodology. Transversal, experimental, prospective study. In vitro with acrylic provisions, was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad Veracruzana region of Veracruz. In the period of February-June of the year 2019. The sample was conformed by two control groups of specimens and four experimental ones, each group conformed by 20 specimens, in total 120 provisional ones were made in acrylic Nic Tone of quick self-cure. The tests performed by the ULTRATESTER machine were expressed in MPa. Later, the data obtained were processed in Excel tables (version) for statistical processing in SPSS version 24. Contribution. When comparing the pre-cutting protocol of acrylic surfaces with fine diamond bur and the protocol without pre-cutting, no statistically significant differences were found, therefore, this step could be omitted in clinical practice.
Use of cell phones in the transmission of preventive messages about COVID-19 to pregnant women in Yucatan, Mexico. Preliminary data
Authors: Rodríguez-Angulo Elsa , Rosado-Alcocer Ligia , Caballero-Canul Ricardo , Gómez-Castillo José
Published: May 2021

Objective. Present a strategy to rescue pregnant women from the pandemic through the use of mobile technology, to explore their health status and provide preventive information to limit damage. Methodology. Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Pregnant women from two municipalities of Yucatan participated. Based on national guidelines and direct questions to a sample of pregnant women, infographics were prepared on the main warning signs and most common questions about COVID-19, respectively. The infographics were sent to each pregnant woman's cell phone. Descriptive statistics were used and tables, graphs and figures were prepared to present the results. Contribution. 330 pregnant women were identified, of which 50 (15.1%) have already received infographics. The main doubts of a sample of 13 (3.9%) pregnant women about COVID-19 were: if something can happen to their baby if they get COVID-19, 13 (100%); if you can give COVID-19 to your baby in the hospital, 12 (92.3%); what measures to take and how to prevent COVID19, 12 (92.3%); risks in childbirth if you get COVID-19, 7 (53.8%). It is important to continue with preventive information through digital means to improve the knowledge of pregnant women and prevent the risk of contagion. This study contributes to reduce the maternal mortality.
Heat Islands in the city of San Francisco de Campeche: Detection and solution
Authors: Canul-Turriza Román Alejandro , Barrera-Lao Francisco Javier , Aldana Narváez Gabriela Patricia
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the identification of heat islands in the city of San Francisco de Campeche, period 1990 - 2020 and their relationship with changes in the vegetation cover areas. To identify the heat islands in the city, 6 Landsat 5 (TM), 7 (TM) and 8 (OIL) images were obtained from the USGS database (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/). In geographic information software, soil temperature was calculated from a mathematical algorithm applied to thermal infrared bands 6 and 10, in addition, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated, in order to find a relationship between changes in temperature and vegetation cover. It was found that the green areas have reduced their surface by more than 50% and the soil temperature has increased up to 7 ° C
Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using as a reducing agent plant extract of Dandelion (Taraxacun officianale)
Authors: Meléndez-Balbuena Lidia , Reyes-Cervantes Eric , Cabrera-Vivas Blanca Martha , Arroyo Maribel
Published: May 2021

The objective of this work was to synthesize the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using as a reducing agent of ionic silver the plant extract of Dandelion (Taraxacun officianale), vegetable of high availability and low cost, as an alternative to the processes conventional, based on the antioxidant capacity of plant extracts that reduce metals in solution. The nanoparticles prepared by this method were characterized by the golden yellow color characteristic of silver nanoparticle solutions. Measurements with UV-Vis spectroscopy of aqueous solutions of Ag1 + ions after coming into contact with plant extracts of Dandelion at different pHs showed an intense absorption band around 400-450 nm, characteristic of the resonance of the Plasmon of silver nanoparticles. Through the scanning of the samples by means of AFM (atomic force microscopy), morphological information of the nanoparticles is obtained, from 3D topographic images of them, such as distribution, size and shape of the silver nanoparticles. Finally, its antibacterial activity was tested against the Escherichia coli strain.
Mesterséges intelligencia a közigazgatásban - az érdemi ügyintézés támogatása
Authors: Fejes Erzsébet , Futó Iván
Published: May 2021

A mesterséges intelligencia (MI) egyre népszerűbb fogalom, bár gyakran csak marketingeszközként használják olyan tevékenységek megcímkézésére, amelyek igencsak távol állnak a MI-től. A cikk célja, hogy bemutassa, valójában milyen mesterségesintelligencia-eszközök - szakértői rendszerek - alkalmazhatók érdemi ügyintézésre a közigazgatásban. Az érdemi ügyintézés vége mindig valamilyen döntés, amelyet a törvényi előírások szerint részletesen indokolni kell. A szakértői rendszerek ezt megteszik. Az MI-eszközök másik nagy csoportja, a gépi tanuláson alapuló megoldások, fekete dobozként működnek, bemeneti adatokat képeznek le kimeneti adatokra, a megoldás indoka így nem ismert. Ezért ezek az eszközök közvetlenül érdemi ügyintézésre nem alkalmasak, de támogathatják a szakértői rendszerekkel történő ügyintézést. Szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet arra is, hogy a technológiák alkalmazásának komoly feltételei és hozadékai vannak.
Effects of Niger State Rice Investment Consortium on Income of Smallholder Rice Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: M. A. Ndanitsa , I. S. Umar , H. A. Alhassan , M. Dauda
Published: May 2021

The Niger State Rice Investment Consortium (NSRIC) project, Niger State Agricultural Policy, promotes the transformation of the predominantly subsistence Agricultural production system to a modernized and Commercial-oriented system. Total sample size of 234 (made up of 117 participants and 117 non-participants), drawn from twelve (12) localities in three (3) Local Government Areas (LGAs), were selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using well-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Ordinary Least Square Model and Henry Garrett Technique. The results showed that the respondents were in their productive age with mean age of 39 and 44 years for participants and non-participants respectively. It was observed that 80.34% and 81.22% of the participants and non-participants respectively were married. The mean farm sizes were 2.0ha and 1.84ha for participants and non-participants respectively. The regression estimates for income among the respondents showed that the coefficient of farm size, frequency of extension contact and capital were significant at 1 percent probability level and positive for the participants, non-participants, pooled data and pooled data with dummy. The result of Henry Garrett Ranking Technique revealed that poor access road was ranked first most pressing farmers’ constraint with a Garrett mean score of 52.27 and 53.09, and lack of government policy on commercialization was ranked the tenth farmers’ constraint.