bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Holocaust and Its Effects on Survivors: An Overview
Authors: Chodoff Paul
Published: March 2003

The Nazi Holocaust has had continuing and widely reverberating consequences not only for the Jewish survivors but for the world at large. These consequences are detailed, first through a personal account of an Auschwitz survivor, and then through a discussion of the adaptive measures of concentration camp inmates and the long‐term psychiatric and psychological effects on survivors and their families. The Survivor or Concentration Camp Syndrome and its relationship to the Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder is described. Indirect effects of the Holocaust have been manifested in various ways, particularly through various levels of psychologic denial displayed by Holocaust criminals and (at least during the early postwar period) by the German public. The Holocaust has had profound effects on the ways the Jewish people regard themselves and are seen by others. Finally, the Holocaust can be seen as offering a kind of paradigmatic signature to the worldview of the end of the 20th century, emphasizing the persistence of evil and the limitations of the idea of progress.
Revolutions, Samurai, and Reductons: The Parodoxes of Change and Continuity in Iran and Japan
Authors: Moghaddam Fathali M. , Crystal David S.
Published: March 2003

This paper assesses policies for managing cultural diversity in Iran and Japan, with particular focus on the treatment of women as a cultural minority. Following social reducton theory, the distinction between rates of cultural change at macro‐ and microlevels is highlighted. It is argued that macro political and economic changes have taken place fairly rapidly, but micro changes in everyday social practices have changed much more slowly. The latter, it is argued, are structured by social reducton systems, which can act to slow down societal change. This insight is used to cast light on the situation of women and other minorities in North America.
Tricking into the Position of the Outcast: A Case Study in the Emergency and Effects of Communist Power
Authors: Horvath Agnes
Published: March 2003

This paper is an experiment in understanding the logic of communism from the perspective of political psychology. In Hungary, communism became a means for transforming the entire psychical make‐up of a country in a moment of reduced intensity of consciousness, a transitory or liminal period, produced by the Second World War. In liminal conditions, unconscious impulses are set free that are channeled by the use of archetypical images. As an empirical case study, this paper discusses the speeches of the first post‐war Hungarian Communist Party leader, Matyas Rakosi, delivered in the years immediately after the devastations of the war, in an effort to discern the techniques and mechanisms by which the Communist Party managed to capture the allegiance of a large segment of the population. The analysis of these speeches and their effects indicates that communism was not merely a consequence of Soviet occupation, and therefore the withdrawal of the troops did not eliminate the lasting, mostly hidden but still predominant, effects of communism on the countries that were in its grip.
Gerry Adams and the Northern Ireland Peace Process
Authors: Mastors Elena
Published: March 2003

This research note uses Hermann's personality‐at‐a‐distance (PAD) method and applies it to negotiating behavior. Gerry Adams's personality and its effect upon his negotiating behavior in the current peace process in Northern Ireland is used as an illustration of the expanded application of PAD in a negotiating context.
The Psychodynamics of Australian Settler–Nationalism: Assimilating or Reconciling With the Aborigines?
Authors: Moran Anthony
Published: March 2003

Settler–nationalism is a form of nationalism that must face specific cultural dilemmas as a result of the dispossession of indigenous peoples. Since the Second World War, Australia has attempted to come to terms with its past of dispossession and to find ways to incorporate Aborigines within national imaginings, and within the nation itself. This paper argues that there are two modes of settler–nationalism—termed assimilationist and indigenizing—that compete to organize the national reality, including relations between the settler and indigenous populations. Kleinian object relations theory is drawn upon to delineate the emotional structures of the two modes of nationalism. Implications for indigenous rights, in particular for Aboriginal land rights, are examined.
Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Frey H. Christopher
Published: March 2003

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.
Chemical and Radiation Environmental Risk Management: Differences, Commonalities, and Challenges
Authors: Tran Nga L. , Locke Paul A. , Burke Thomas A.
Published: March 2003

Driven by differing statutory mandates and programmatic separation of regulatory responsibilities between federal, state, and tribal agencies, distinct chemical and radiation risk management strategies have evolved. In the field this separation poses real challenges since many of the major environmental risk management decisions we face today require the evaluation of both types of risks. Over the last decade, federal, state, and tribal agencies have continued to discuss their different approaches and explore areas where their activities could be harmonized. The current framework for managing public exposures to chemical carcinogens has been referred to as a ‘bottom up approach.’ Risk between 10−4 and 10−6 is established as an upper bound goal. In contrast, a ‘top down’ approach that sets an upper bound dose limit and couples with site specific As Low As Reasonably Achievable Principle (ALARA), is in place to manage individual exposure to radiation. While radiation risk are typically managed on a cumulative basis, exposure to chemicals is generally managed on a chemical‐by‐chemical, medium‐by‐medium basis. There are also differences in the nature and size of sites where chemical and radiation contamination is found. Such differences result in divergent management concerns. In spite of these differences, there are several common and practical concerns among radiation and chemical risk managers. They include 1) the issue of cost for site redevelopment and long‐term stewardship, 2) public acceptance and involvement, and 3) the need for flexible risk management framework to address the first two issues. This article attempts to synthesize key differences, opportunities for harmonization, and challenges ahead.
Generating Probabilistic Spatially‐Explicit Individual and Population Exposure Estimates for Ecological Risk Assessments
Authors: Hope Bruce K.
Published: March 2003

Exposure to chemical contaminants in various media must be estimated when performing ecological risk assessments. Exposure estimates are often based on the 95th‐percentile upper confidence limit on the mean concentration of all samples, calculated without regard to critical ecological and spatial information about the relative relationship of receptors, their habitats, and contaminants. This practice produces exposure estimates that are potentially unrepresentative of the ecology of the receptor. This article proposes a habitat area and quality‐conditioned exposure estimator, E[HQ], that requires consideration of these relationships. It describes a spatially explicit ecological exposure model to facilitate calculation of E[HQ]. The model provides (1) a flexible platform for investigating the effect of changes in habitat area, habitat quality, foraging area, and population size on exposure estimates, and (2) a tool for calculating E[HQ] for use in actual risk assessments. The inner loop of a Visual Basic® program randomly walks a receptor over a multicelled landscape—each cell of which contains values for cell area, habitat area, habitat quality, and concentration—accumulating an exposure estimate until the total area foraged is less than or equal to a given foraging area. An outer loop then steps through foraging areas of increasing size. This program is iterated by Monte Carlo software, with the number of iterations representing the population size. Results indicate that (1) any single estimator may over‐ or underestimate exposure, depending on foraging strategy and spatial relationships of habitat and contamination, and (2) changes in exposure estimates in response to changes in foraging and habitat area are not linear.
Are the Members of a Paving Crew Uniformly Exposed to Bitumen Fume, Organic Vapor, and Benzo(a)pyrene?
Authors: Burstyn Igor , Kromhout Hans
Published: March 2003

The goal of this investigation was to assess if and when a crew of paving workers is uniformly exposed to bitumen fume, organic vapor, and benzo(a)pyrene. Data on paving workers with up to six repeated exposure measurements were extracted from a database of exposure measurements developed within a study of the European asphalt industry (N = 591). The uniformity of exposures to bitumen fume, organic vapor, and benzo(a)pyrene was evaluated while grouping individuals by job title, primary tasks, crew membership, and use of coal tar (discontinued in Western Europe). The estimated ranges within which 95% of individual mean exposures were expected to fall (BWR0.95) were used to assess exposure uniformity. Variance components were estimated by constructing mixed‐effects models, with grouping variables as fixed effects and worker identity as random effect. The influence of duration of the sampling survey on estimates of exposure variability for a crew was also examined. There was a substantial variability in exposures between paving crews, as well as persons holding the same job or doing the same task, but each crew was uniformly exposed to bitumen fume and benzo(a)pyrene (BWR0.95 2 and 1, respectively). Workers within the same crew engaged in paving with coal tar – containing binders were not, however, uniformly exposed to benzo(a)pyrene. Also, organic vapor exposures were not uniform among the members of a paving crew (BWR0.95 = 15). Sampling campaigns of up to 7 months had little impact on the estimates of within‐ and between‐worker variability. These findings should assist investigators studying paving operations in optimizing their sampling, exposure assessment, and risk evaluation protocols. The results support the notion that only empirically determined predictors of exposure can yield optimal grouping, unlike a priori grouping strategies based on general descriptors such as jobs title or tasks performed.
Organizational Theory and the Stages of Risk Communication
Authors: Chess Caron
Published: March 2003

The evolution of risk communication has been described as a series of communication strategies. This article suggests that organizational theory provides another dimension to understanding the evolution of risk communication, and that risk communication can be seen as an organizational adaptation of chemical manufacturers to external pressure. Following the tragedy in Bhopal the chemical manufacturing sector's loss of legitimacy led to destabilization of its authority and to increased uncertainty in its external environment. Risk communication was one means to increase legitimacy, thereby decreasing uncertainty and potential impact on resources. However, although risk communication may evolve from crises of legitimacy, the concept of “isomorphism”—conformance to norms within a corporate sector—predicts this need not be the case.
Benchmarking Safety Climate in Hazardous Environments: A Longitudinal, Interorganizational Approach
Authors: Mearns Kathryn , Whitaker Sean M. , Flin Rhona
Published: March 2003

Safety climate is an important element of organizational reliability. This study applied benchmarking strategies for monitoring safety climate across nine North Sea oil and gas installations that were surveyed in consecutive years. Examination of absolute changes in safety climate complemented the benchmarking approach. Discriminant function analyses (DFA) identified the elements of safety climate predictive of self‐reported accidents; correlational analyses were applied to the scale scores and accident proportions across the year period. Absolute improvements were substantial, with safety climate profiles converging in the second year. Large relative improvements were also observed. DFA highlighted perceived management commitment to safety and willingness to report accidents as significant predictors of personal accident involvement. Changes in perceived management commitment to safety were closely associated with changes in safety behavior.
An Existential Approach to Risk Perception
Authors: Langford Ian H.
Published: March 2003

Existential, or existential‐phenomenological philosophical approaches to the social psychology of risk perception provide a novel framework for understanding issues that are common to all humanity, such as fear of death, freedom and responsibility, isolation and meaninglessness, as these anxieties are a function of existing, or being‐in‐the‐world. These fundamental anxieties can be related theoretically to the ways people perceive risks within social and cultural milieus, and can also be used practically within case studies, as demonstrated in the three examples presented, which examine perceptions of climate change, food‐related risks, and environmental awareness via a mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques. The discussion focuses on the possible insights that can be gained from taking an existential perspective on risk perception, and relates notions of contemporary technologically‐oriented societies to the existential challenges faced by individuals and societies in the contemporary world.
Local Government Tax Policy: Measuring the Efficiency of New York City's Tax Mix, FYs 1984‐1998
Authors: Berg Janine , Marlin John Tepper , Heydarpour Farid
Published: March 2003

This article applies the Markowitz portfolio model to New York City's tax mix to determine whether it is ‘mix‐efficient,’ in the sense that the portfolio minimizes volatility for given levels of growth. The results indicate that New York City's tax‐revenue portfolio is very close to being mix‐efficient. The analysis also extends the Markowitz portfolio model to consider the impact on growth and volatility of adopting a tax‐equity constraint.
Aquinas on Natural Law and the Virtues in Biblical Context
Authors: Rogers Jr. Eugene F.
Published: March 2003

Marriagelike homosexual relationships expose a division among ethicists following Aquinas. Those emphasizing natural law may call such relationships unnatural; those emphasizing the virtues may approve of relationships fostering love and justice. Natural law, the virtues, and homosexuality all show up in Aquinas's Commentary on Romans—untranslated and hardly cited. Romans 1:18 opens a discussion of justice. Verse 20 provides Aquinas's chief warrant for natural law. Verse 26 applies virtue and law to “the vice against nature.“ But Aquinas's account also depends on Paul as an exemplar of virtue and on Aquinas's high regard for the Bible. Aquinas deploys natural law as a mode of biblical exegesis, not an alternative to it. In the De potentia, Aquinas considers how to proceed when nature and Scripture seem to conflict. The account does not settle, but rather makes more room for, dispute.
Whose Evolution? Which Theology?
Authors: Peterson Gregory R.
Published: March 2003

The importance of scientific conflicts for theology andphilosophy is difficult to judge. In many disputes of significance, prominent scientists can be found on both sides. Profound philosophical and religious implications are sometimes said to be implied by the new theory as well. This article examines the dispute over natural selection between Richard Dawkins and Stephen Jay Gould as a contemporary instance of such a conflict. While both claim that profound philosophical conclusions flow from their own alternativeaccount of evolution, I suggest that the implication is not as great as is claimed and that the alleged implications have as much to do with their own perceptions of theology as with the actual theories themselves. Nevertheless, evolutionary theory is not irrelevant for theology. Theologians should be aware of the possible implications of evolutionary theory and at the same time theextent and limits of such implications.
Romance, Irony, and Solidarity
Authors: Jacobs Ronald N. , Smith Philip
Published: March 2003

Contemporary social theory has turned increasingly to concepts such as civil society, community, and the public sphere in order to theorize about the construction of vital, democratic and solidaristic political cultures. The dominant prescriptions for attaining this end invoke the need for institutional and procedural reform, but overlook the autonomous role of culture in shaping and defining the forms of social solidarity. This article proposes a model of solidarity based on the two genres of Romance and Irony, and argues that these narrative forms offer useful vocabularies for organizing public discourse within and between civil society and its constituent communities. Whilst unable to sustain fully-inclusive and solidaristic political cultures on their own, in combination the genres of Romance and Irony allow for solidaristic forms built around tolerance, reflexivity, and intersubjectivity.
Theory and Formalization: Some Reflections on Experience
Authors: Berger Joseph
Published: March 2003

I describe in this paper some of my efforts in developing formal theories of social processes. These include work on models of occupational mobility, on models to describe the emergence of expectations out of performance evaluations, and on the graph theory formulation of the Status Characteristics theory. Not all models have been equally significant in developing theory. However, the graph theory formulation has played a central role in the growth of the Expectation States program. It has been involved in the generalization of theories, the integration of theories, and in the construction of highly sensitive tests of theories that would be impossible without the inferential capacities of formalization.
Using Machine Learning, Neural Networks, and Statistics to Predict Corporate Bankruptcy
Authors: Pompe P. P. M. , Feelders A. J.
Published: March 2003

Recent literature strongly suggests that machine learning approaches to classification outperform “classical” statistical methods. We make a comparison between the performance of linear discriminant analysis, classification trees, and neural networks in predicting corporate bankruptcy. Linear discriminant analysis represents the “classical” statistical approach to classification, whereas classification trees and neural networks represent artificial intelligence approaches. A proper statistical design is used to be able to test whether observed differences in predictive performance are statistically significant. The data set consists of a collection of 576 annual reports from Belgian construction companies. We use stratified 10–fold cross–validation on the training set to choose “good” parameter values for the different learning methods. The test set is used to obtain an unbiased estimate of the true prediction error. Using rigorous statistical testing, we cannot conclude that in the case of the data set studied, one learning method clearly outperforms the other methods.
A Taxonomy for Communication Facets in Concurrent Life‐Cycle Design and Construction
Authors: Anumba C. J. , Evbuomwan N. F. O.
Published: March 2003

Effective communication is vital for the success of concurrent engineering in construction. This requires a clear understanding of the communication facets (or interfaces, such as those between project team members and between inter‐ and intradiscipline design tools) implicit in the implementation of concurrent engineering. This article presents a taxonomy (or classification framework) for these communication facets within the context of concurrent life‐cycle design and construction (CLDC). It identifies seven key facets of communication that need to be addressed and discusses how these facets change through the stages in the life cycle of a constructed facility. Other communication taxonomies are also briefly reviewed and related to the identified facets.
Iterative Equation Solver for Bridge Analysis Using Neural Networks
Authors: Consolazio Gary R.
Published: March 2003

A technique for enhancing finite‐element analysis equation solvers for particular problem domains, i.e., particular classes of structures such as highway bridges, is presented. The technique involves merging artificial neural networks, used as a domain knowledge‐encoding mechanism, together with a preconditioned conjugate gradient iterative equation‐solving algorithm. In the algorithm, neural networks are used to seed the initial solution vector and to precondition the matrix system using customizable and trainable neural networks. A case study is presented in which the technique is applied to the particular domain of flat‐slab highway bridge analysis. In the case study, neural networks are trained to encode the load‐displacement relationships for concrete flat‐slab highway bridges. Analytical load‐displacement data are generated using finite‐element analyses and subsequently used to train neural networks. Acting collectively, the neural networks predict approximate displacement patterns for flat‐slab bridges under arbitrary loading conditions.
Prevention and Intervention in Beginning Reading: Two Complex Systems
Authors: Coyne Michael D. , Kame'enui Edward J. , Simmons Deborah C.
Published: March 2003

This paper addresses two sets of organizing principles to guide prevention and intervention in beginning reading: (a) the complexity in our alphabetic writing system, and (b) the complexity in our schools. The first set is related to instructional design, while the second set is related to a schoolwide model.

Prevention and intervention efforts in beginning reading for students with learning disabilities must attend to 2 systems, our complex alphabetic writing system and our equally complex schools. In this article, we present 2 sets of organizing principles to guide prevention and intervention in beginning reading drawn from the substantial body of converging research evidence accumulated over the past 40 years. The first set consists of 6 instructional design principles focused on teaching reading in our alphabetic writing system. These principles include big ideas, mediated scaffolding, conspicuous strategies, strategic integration, primed background knowledge, and judicious review. The second set includes organizational principles designed to anchor effective reading practices at the school–building level. These principles are structured around 3 interrelated areas: (1) the schoolwide establishment of long–term reading goals and intermediate performance benchmarks, (2) the early identification and frequent monitoring of students experiencing reading difficulties, and (3) the development of coordinated and differentiated instructional interventions for the full range of learners.
The Realities of Translating Research into Classroom Practice
Authors: Gersten Russell , Dimino Joseph
Published: March 2003

This paper synthesizes key findings to facilitate the translation of research into classroom practice and provides guidelines for how effective instructional practices might be implemented, supported, and sustained in schools. Excerpts from a case study are presented to show how research–based instructional approach translates into classroom practices in a local school district that tailors the approach to the realities of the local situation.

In this paper, we review what the research suggests are the functions that allow a person in a leadership role to facilitate the translation of research into classroom practice. We describe how these functions were used to translate research into classroom practice in 2 school districts that are part of the Elementary and Middle School Technical Assistance Center (EMSTAC) project, a national research–to–practice effort. Examples of how these principles were put into practice and why different technical assistance approaches were used to implement research–based practices in a primary and middle school setting are discussed. We conclude with reflections on the intricate nature of effecting change at the local level, and the progress that can be made within those intricacies.
Inductive Game Theory: Discrimination and Prejudices
Authors: Kaneko Mamoru , Matsui Akihiko
Published: March 2003

This paper proposes a new theory, which we call inductive game theory. In this theory, the individual player does not have a priori knowledge of the structure of the game that he plays repeatedly. Instead, he accumulates experiences induced by occasional random trials in the repeated play. A stationary state is required to be stable against intentional deviations based on the player's experiences, and then it turns out to be a Nash equilibrium. The main part of the paper is the consideration of possible individual views of the society based on individual experiences. This view is defined to be a model of the society which the player builds from his experiences. Coherency with these experiences and a condition called rationalization are required for a model. As concrete objects of the theory, this paper analyzes the phenomena of discrimination and prejudice. The development of the new theory is undertaken by contrasting its observational and behavioral aspects with mental and judgmental aspects. The relationship between discrimination and prejudice will emerge in this dichotomous consideration.
Social Security, Optimality, and Equilibria in a Stochastic Overlapping Generations Economy
Authors: Demange Gabrielle , Laroque Guy
Published: March 2003

Social security institutions implement intergenerational transfers and distribute risks over time. To compare various social security designs, we study an overlapping generations model with demographic shocks. Production takes place through a neoclassical production function subject to productivity shocks. We give a near characterization of optimal allocations. We study rational expectations equilibria when contributions are mandatory, based on labor and capital income. We also describe the equilibria of an economy with a voluntary pay‐as‐you‐go social security fund, and show that they have a long‐run optimality property. An example with Cobb–Douglas production and utility functions illustrates the results.
Pigouvian Taxes in General Equilibrium with a Fixed Tax Redistribution Rule
Authors: Lange Andreas , Requate Till
Published: March 2003

This paper establishes existence of a first‐best emission tax in a general equilibrium model with pollution, when the redistribution rule of the tax income is chosen fixed and independently of the Pigouvian tax rate. It is known that under standard convexity assumptions each Pareto efficient allocation can be implemented by simultaneously choosing a Pigouvian tax rate and an appropriate lump sum redistribution of income. In real politics, however, tax redistribution schemes are often restricted to a small feasible set. Nonetheless we show that for any given lump sum redistribution rule, being continuous in overall tax income, an emission tax rate exists that leads to a Pareto efficient equilibrium.
Karl Barth on the Ascension: An Appreciation and Critique
Authors: Farrow Douglas
Published: March 2003

This exposition of Barth’s doctrine of the ascension in Volume IV of the Church Dogmatics–‘one of the major works of ascension theology’– begins by highlighting some central themes in representative patristic and modern discussions of the ascension and then provides a close and critical reading of the Dogmatics. Of special interest are questions regarding Barth’s understanding of the specificity of the Christ‐event, the structure of his doctrine of reconciliation, the relation of ontology and soteriology, and the function of the doctrine of the ascension in a thoroughly a posteriori theology.
The Self‐Organizing Power of the Gospel of Christ: Episcopacy and Community Formation
Authors: Webster John
Published: March 2003

This article addresses itself to the question: how may episcopal ministry be considered an ordered, institutional, implication of the gospel? The overarching argument is that a ministry of oversight is implicit of the gospel. The argument proceeds along three lines: first, a discussion of the relation of gospel and church; second, an outline of an evangelical account of ministerial order; third, a consideration of an evangelical theology of episcopacy. Underlining the entire discussion is the primary conviction that an evangelical theology is determined by and responsible to the gospel.
Family matters The descendants of Freud and Jung
Authors: Kirsch Thomas B.
Published: March 2003

A brief history of what it has meant to be a Jungian analyst and/or analytical psychologist in the United States and England is portrayed. At first the differences between psychoanalysis and analytical psychology were very great, and there was great animosity between the two schools. The conflict was much stronger in the United States than in England where Jungians developed a much better rapport with psychoanalysis. Recent theoretical developments within psychoanalysis, such as the development of self theory and intersubjectivity, as well as speaking about religious issues in a new way, have brought psychoanalysis closer to analytical psychology. On the other hand, analytical psychology has been enriched by an increased awareness of the importance of developmental issues and transference and countertransference. The implications for both psychoanalysis and analytical psychology are explored.
Complexities and paradoxes in our organizational life
Authors: Allphin Claire
Published: March 2003

This paper (a version of which was delivered at the North/South Conference of California Jungians in 1997) delineates some of the effects of the complex relationships that occur within and between analytic institutes, particularly when there are training programmes in the institutes. It notes how confidentiality is handled, discusses the pair structures within the institutes and focuses on developing awareness of organizational relationships and how colleagues treat one another.
Theatres of the psyche
Authors: McDougall Joyce
Published: March 2003

Fragments of the analytic voyage of a forty year old patient, haunted by the idea of her death since infancy when confronted with the anguish that accompanies the discovery of a potentially death dealing illness. In three years of intensive analytic work, her way of functioning psychically changed dramatically (her flight from imaginative life, total disaffectation of her emotional life, psychic deafness regarding her body and its messages ≡). These discoveries led to my analysand's resuming her psychoanalytic voyage in these words: ’Even if I am destined to die of this cancer, at least I shall have lived’.
Contemporary transference work and the analytic attitude: aims and methods – a clinical workshop
Authors: Proner Barry
Published: March 2003

There are various ways of working as an analyst, and there are various ways of utilizing the concept and the phenomena of transference‐countertransference. I hope to draw an adequate picture of a way of working that is called ‘working‐in‐the‐transference’ as distinct from ways of working that ‘analyse transference’. The former has long been practised by many Jungians as well as by many psychoanalysts. As a method, it has aroused controversy in both groups, and is frequently both misunderstood and imitated. It can arouse strong anxiety. It can appear narrow and restrictive. It famously precludes a gamut of activities in which many analysts engage. Is working‐in‐the‐transference old fashioned, or does it deserve to be increasingly appreciated? Can it offer support and validation whilst remaining true to its conception? It was hoped that these questions would be addressed in the clinical material brought to the workshop.

The emphasis in the workshop was on active participation and it was hoped that those attending would bring their clinical concerns for discussion.
Efficient Estimation Of Cointegrating Vectors and Testing for Causality in Vector Autoregressions
Authors: Pittis Nikitas
Published: March 2003

This paper surveys various methods of estimating cointegrating vectors and testing for causality in cointegrated VARs, and draws some implications for the applied researcher. In a single equation framework a number of estimators can be used, whose asymptotic efficiency depends on the extent to which they correct for possible endogeneity and serial correlation of the regressors. Such estimates are asymptotically equivalent to those obtained using full system methods, even if the cointegration space is multidimensional, provided there are no cross‐equation restrictions. Using the triangular representation proposed by Phillips (1988), we show that one can employ in the context of an ECM a least squares estimator if weak exogeneity holds. If not, the alternatives are augmenting it by the leads of the regressors as in Stock and Watson (1993), or using the fully modified (FM) estimator due to Phillips and Hansen (1990). Other possibilities are the nonparametric approach developed by Bierens (1997), or the ARDL formulation due to Pesaran and Shin (1995). As for causality testing, we argue that it should be conducted within an ECM rather than a VAR formulation, as the limit distributions are much more likely to be standard in the former case. Alternatively, one can carry out statistical tests in the context of a VAR in levels estimated either by using the FM‐VAR method as in Phillips (1995), or by augmenting the VAR as in Toda and Yamamoto (1995). Other, computationally easier tests have been introduced by Dolado and Lutkepohl (1996) and Saikkonen and Lütkepohl (1996).
Auction Theory: A Guide to the Literature
Authors: Klemperer Paul
Published: March 2003

This paper provides an elementary, non‐technical, survey of auction theory, by introducing and describing some of the critical papers in the subject. (The most important of these are reproduced in a companion book, The Economic Theory of Auctions, Paul Klemperer (ed.), Edward Elgar (pub.), forthcoming.); We begin with the most fundamental concepts, and then introduce the basic analysis of optimal auctions, the revenue equivalence theorem, and marginal revenues. Subsequent sections address risk‐aversion, affiliation, asymmetries, entry, collusion, multi‐unit auctions, double auctions, royalties, incentive contracts, and other topics. Appendices contain technical details, some simple worked examples, and a bibliography for each section.
Pricing of Forward and Futures Contracts
Authors: Chow Ying‐Foon , McAleer Michael , Sequeira John
Published: March 2003

There has long been substantial interest in understanding the relative pricing of forward and futures contracts. This has led to the development of two standard theories of forward and futures pricing, namely, the Cost‐of‐Carry and the Risk Premium (or Unbiased Expectations) hypotheses. These studies have modelled the relationship between spot and forward/futures prices either through a no‐arbitrage condition or a general equilibrium setting. Relatively few studies in this area have considered the impact of stochastic trends in the data. With the emergence of non‐stationarity and cointegration in recent years, more sophisticated models of futures/forward prices have been specified. This paper surveys the significant contributions made to the literature on the pricing of forward/futures contracts, and examines recent empirical studies pertaining to the estimation and testing of univariate and systems models of futures pricing.
Therapeutic Interaction and Dropout: Measuring Relational Communication in Solution‐focused Therapy
Authors: Beyebach Mark , Carranza Valentín Escudero
Published: March 2003

The relational communication of sixteen dropout versus sixteen continuation sessions of solution‐focused therapy was studied using two different coding schemes. On the Topic Initiation/Topic Following coding scheme (Tracey, 1986) no differences were found between dropout and continuation sessions, whereas the Family‐Relational Communication Control Coding Scheme (Heatherington and Friedlander, 1987) yielded a number of significant findings. Both in ‘successful’ and in ‘unsuccessful’ dropout sessions, therapeutic interaction was found to be more conflictive than in continuation cases, with clients showing more domineering behaviour in dropout than in continuation sessions. Markovian and lag sequential analysis are used to clarify some of these findings, and their implications are discussed.
Feminism, Psychoanalysis, and Family Therapy: Reflections on Telos
Authors: Luepnitz Deborah Anna
Published: March 2003

Two of the most significant developments in family therapy since 1980 are the emergence of the feminist critique, and the rediscovery of psychoanalysis as a conceptual source for family therapy. The author has been working to combine the contributions of both feminism and psychoanalysis (particularly object relations therapy) and offers case examples of her clinical work. Telos– an often overlooked aspect of theory – is argued to be the locus of the feminist difference. A call is made for dialogue between feminists and psychoanalytic thinkers within family therapy.
Observational couple assessment: a cross‐model comparison
Authors: Thomas Volker , Lewis Robert A.
Published: March 2003

This study compared the clinical rating scales from the Circumplex Model (CCRS), the McMaster Model of Family Functioning (MCRS) and the Family Health Scales (FHS). A central purpose was to investigate whether observational rating scales designed to measure family functioning can also be used to assess couple functioning. One hundred and sixty‐six drug abusing women, receiving primary drug treatment in two metropolitan drug agencies in the southwest of the US, and their partners were videotaped while engaged in three couple tasks prior to receiving any treatment. The main findings indicated that all three rating scales have: (1) sufficient interrater reliability; (2) good construct validity, as reflected in factor analyses; and (3) very good convergent validity. However, there was some concern about whether these scales are as discriminating when measuring couples as they are when assessing families.
The family therapy journals in 2000: a thematic review
Authors: Rivett Mark
Published: March 2003

This article reviews the principal English‐language (non‐British) family therapy journals for the year 2000. Articles are clustered around various common themes that include spirituality, creativity and inventiveness, therapy with gay and lesbian clients and ‘community practice’. It concludes with a resumé of the research reported in these journals for the review period.
Family meaning of self‐starvation: themes discerned in family treatment in Hong Kong
Authors: Ma Joyce L.C. , Chow Mina Y.M. , Lee Sing , Lai Kelly
Published: March 2003

This study aims to identify themes from the treatment of Chinese families with an adolescent or an adult member suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN), through a multiple case study. This study reveals that self‐starvation may be regarded as a cultural metaphor. Four major themes emerged at the family level: self‐starvation as an expression of love and control, coalition of the AN daughter with the mother, family loyalty, and the powerlessness and helplessness of the mother. The themes identified are narrative accounts of the Hong Kong Chinese families, rather than causal explanations proposed by Western literature. The emerging themes are believed to be constructed and legitimized by traditional Chinese cultural values, with females being subordinated to and dependent on males and the self being subjugated to or sacrificed for the collective. Treatment implications are discussed.
Changing the face of the organization: addressing the challenges of work in a multi‐ethnic society
Authors: Miller Ann C.
Published: March 2003

Institutionalized racism constrains therapy organizations in providing just, equitable and useful services for people from the non‐dominant groups within our society. While the will to change is often apparent in individuals, many organizations do not manage to do so. This paper maps a model of individual racial identity development (Cross, 1971, 1978, 1981) on to process within organizations, and illustrates organizational change with a case example.
The presence of the third party: systemic therapy and transference analysis
Authors: Bertrando Paolo
Published: March 2003

While today many therapists try to integrate different therapeutic models, it does not seem easy to define the specific clinical features of each model. In this article, the practice of systemic individual therapy is compared to the psychoanalytic practice of transference analysis. The relevant distinction is found in the different use of third parties within the therapeutic frame. In systemic therapy, the third party is ‘presentified’ within the therapeutic dialogue, which becomes centred on external relationships, while in transference analysis the third party is subsumed to the therapeutic (transferential) relationship, which is considered the core of therapy. The practical consequences of those two different ‘technologies of the self’ are discussed.
‘At the still point of the turning world’: a journey through the temporal dimensions of a father–son conflict
Authors: Katz Ellen
Published: March 2003

This paper will examine aspects of the permeability of time, with a view to exploring our perceptions of ourselves as present–focused distinct individuals. Permeability of time is defined as time’s fluidity, its ability to move across boundaries of past, present and future. Fluidity, in this sense, is our capacity to experience past, present and future simultaneously.

Time will be examined from both psychoanalytic and systemic viewpoints. Issues of time and timelessness, consciousness and memory will be raised and the usefulness of working from an affective base discussed. The case cited in the paper is one in which the family was in the stage of having an adolescent child. Adolescence will therefore be discussed as it relates to the issue of time. The clinical discussion will be based on an integration of the two theoretical perspectives as they relate to time and affect. In conclusion I will revisit the question of our perception of ourselves as present–focused distinct individuals within a family context.
Society and Housing Form: Home‐Centredness in England vs. Family‐Centredness in Japan
Authors: Ozaki Ritsuko
Published: March 2003

This paper demonstrates some of the ways in which culture affects house form by considering the premise that increased privatised living leads to increased demarcation of private living space. Historical data from England and Japan make it evident that Japanese privatised living was family‐centred as compared with English home‐centredness, and was reflected in observable differences in the evolution of house forms. While supporting the premise that cultural values influence house forms, the paper concludes that the original framework is too simple, but can be developed to accommodate data from different cultures.
Professions and the Identification of Mental Incapacity in Eighteenth‐Century Scotland
Authors: Houston R.A.
Published: March 2003

Eighteenth‐century Scottish legal procedures to investigate the mental capacity of an individual to manage his or her own affairs are examined to discover the relative significance of different professional and lay groups in identifying disabilities. The role of medical men, lawyers and non‐professionals is set in the context of contemporary social and political priorities in order to question simple models of medicalisation. A substantial body of empirical evidence is used to reveal the subtle gradations of power in different domestic, legal and institutional domains.
On the Determinants of Corporate Usage of Financial Derivatives
Authors: Goldberg Stephen R. , Godwin Joseph H. , Kim Myung‐Sun , Tritschler Charles A.
Published: March 2003

We analyze firm characteristics associated with adoption and then level of financial derivatives usage for U.S. non‐financial firms. Interest‐rate derivatives are disaggregated from foreign‐exchange derivatives. The analysis provides initial evidence on determinants of the level of derivatives usage. We find differences between characteristics of adopters and characteristics influencing level of derivative activity. We also find differences between characteristics of interest‐rate and foreign‐exchange derivatives users. Level of both interest‐rate and foreign‐exchange derivatives usage is positively associated with multinationality, variance of accounting return on assets, and growth opportunities (proxied by research and development expenditures), and size. Interest‐rate derivatives usage is also positively associated with debt levels. The findings on the adoption decision generally confirm other research. Our findings are consistent with extant theories.
The Persistence and Forecast Accuracy of Earnings Components in the USA and Japan
Authors: Herrmann Don , Inoue Tatsuo , Thomas Wayne B.
Published: March 2003

Not all components of earnings are expected to provide similar information regarding future earnings. For example, basic financial statement analysis indicates that the persistence of ordinary income should be greater than the persistence of special, extraordinary, or discontinued operations. Because the market assigns higher multiples to earnings components that are more persistent, differentiating earnings components on the basis of relative persistence would appear to be useful. A focus on relative predictive value is consistent with research findings and user recommendations on separating earnings components that are persistent or permanent from those that are transitory or temporary. This paper examines the persistence and forecast accuracy of earnings components for retail and manufacturing companies listed in the world's two largest equity markets; the USA and Japan. We find the forecast accuracy of earnings in both the USA and Japan increases with greater disaggregation of earnings components. The results further indicate that the improvements in forecast accuracy due to earnings disaggregation are greater in the USA than in Japan. The greater emphasis and more detailed guidelines for reporting earnings components in the USA produce a better differentiation in the persistence of earnings components resulting in greater forecast improvements from earnings disaggregation.