bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural idioms of distress among displaced populations: A scoping review
Authors: Cohen Flora
Published: August 2022

Background:

Armed conflicts and natural disasters can cause significant psychological and social challenges for affected populations. Displaced populations are extremely heterogeneous in terms of culture, language, and experiences of crises. Current diagnostic criteria is insufficient when evaluating the symptoms and treatment of mental health issues across contexts.

Aim:

This scoping review presents information about cultural idioms of distress across displaced populations. The review includes aspects of etiology, symptomology, and proposed intervention methods.

Methods:

I conducted a Boolean search of academic and grey literature for studies that described cultural idioms of distress among displaced populations. Results were analyzed using thematic analysis and grounded theory.

Results:

A shared sense of injustice, spirit possession, and karma are common etiologies for mental distress among displaced populations. Symptoms include somatic complaints, ‘thinking a lot’, and interpersonal challenges such as social isolation and a fear of others. Potential interventions are likely on a community-level, including the generation of community mechanisms for conflict-resolution, reconciliation, and culturally grounded healing rituals.

Conclusions:

It is vital to understand the ways displaced communities conceptualize their mental health in order to develop appropriate culturally grounded interventions. Understanding the etiology, symptoms, and proposed interventions can inform and improve humanitarian aid delivery of mental health and psychosocial support services.
Thermo-mechanical response of 3D braided composites with different braiding angles under high strain rate punch shear loading
Authors: Chen Zhimei , Yue Chengming , Zhang Yan , Wang Ping , Li Yuanyuan , Gu Zhiqi
Published: August 2022

Thermodynamic responses of three-dimensional (3D) braided composites with different braiding angles (25°/35°/45°) under high strain rate punch shear loading were studied through experiments and simulations. Plasticity criterion, shear criterion and interface damage criterion are introduced into the developed full-scale thermal-mechanical coupled finite element analysis model. Combined with macroscopic experiments and microscopic analysis, effects of braiding angle, strain rate and thermal-mechanical coupling on 3D braided composites were discussed from stress propagation and adiabatic temperature rise process. Peak stress and energy absorption increased with braiding angle or strain rate, which increased punch shear resistance of braided composites. Finally, complex thermal-mechanical coupling damage mechanism of composites was revealed through distribution of stress and temperature. Composites eventually appeared three main damage modes: interface debonding, fiber fracture and fiber extraction. Damage and energy absorption in critical loading region were also obtained. A low temperature and low stress area formed in the middle of shear band of composites. Plastic strain and thermal strain aggravated fracture of fibers.
Microstructural design and mechanical performance of epoxy/carbon nanotube fiber composite
Authors: Seraji Amir Abbas , Aghvami-Panah Mohammad , Zadhoush Ali , Salimian Saeed , Khoshnevis Hamed
Published: August 2022

In this paper, carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber is chemically modified through a post-spinning process with an acid treatment and epoxy infiltration. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy revealed that acid treatment reduced impurities of CNT fibers and induced the formation of carboxylic functional groups on the CNTs surface that positively affect the strength; however, some defects on the surface of the nanotubes were induced that negatively affect the elastic modulus. After the epoxy infiltration procedure, it was revealed that the pores of CNT fiber were filled with epoxy resulting in improved interfacial interaction between CNT bundles either through an interlocking of polymer chains wrapping around the tubes or even by creating covalent bonds between the carboxyl-functionalized nanotubes. Comparing the mechanical performance of epoxy/CNT fibers with and without acid treatment indicated that pre-treatment of the fibers with acid before epoxy infiltration caused a reduction in the final modulus. The modulus of epoxy/CNT fiber reaches 103 N/tex and is about 20% higher than the acid-treated counterpart. Acid treatment prior to epoxy resin infiltration generates functional groups on the CNTs surface that enhance the fiber’s strength through strong reactions between epoxy chains and CNTs. On the other hand, the structural defects on CNTs imposed by acid lead to a reduction in the elastic modulus.
The Extent of Integration of Community Health Worker Programs Into National Health Systems: Case Study of Botswana
Authors: Mupara Dr. Lucia M. , Mogaka Dr. John J. O. , Brieger Dr. William R. , Tsoka-Gwegweni Prof Joyce M.
Published: August 2022

Background

The paucity of Human Resources for Health (HRH) is a major global health challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes the potentials that Community Health Workers (CHWs) have in closing the gap of an inadequate supply of human resources for health (HRH). However, weak CHW integration into national health systems curtails effective implementation of CHW delivered high impact interventions in resource constrained settings. This study assessed the extent of integration of the CHW Recruitment, Education, and Certification (REC) component into the national health system’s HRH building block, using Botswana’s CHW program as a case study.

Methods

The study used mixed methods. Data collated from CHW training program documentary abstraction, five key informant interviews were analyzed thematically. Data collected through the survey with 123 CHWs were analyzed quantitatively. A recently developed Community Health Workers Program Integration Scorecard Metrics (CHWP-ISM) that comprises of the WHO building blocks and corresponding CHW integration metrics, with process, evidence, and status of integration parameters, was used to determine the extent of integration.

Results

An analysis of Botswana’s CHW REC component using the CHWP-ISM scale showed that the component was 80% integrated into the national HS. Whereas the CHW training program was fully government sponsored and accredited, some aspects of the program’s selection and recruitment criteria and training modalities were lacking integration. Although CHW training was exclusively offered at a local private training institute, findings from documentation reviews, interviewed KIIs and the survey show that the training accreditation, regulation and funding was the responsibility of the central government.

Conclusion

The application of the CHWP-ISM scale to assess extent of CHW program integration into HS identified important CHW human resource integration gaps in CHW selection criteria and recruitment process as well non-inclusion of CHWs post-training accreditation by national accreditation board in government policy documents.
Water imbibition and water sealing in water-driven gas reservoirs development
Authors: Xu Xuan , Li Jiangtao , Xu Yi , Liu Junfeng , Hu Yong , Jiao Chunyan , Guo Changmin
Published: August 2022

To improve the poor understanding of the mechanism of spontaneous water imbibition in water invasion in gas reservoirs and overcome the difficulty in quantifying imbibed water and its impact on reservoir development, a study is carried out based on development simulation experiments and theoretical analysis of fluid mechanics. Spontaneous water imbibition is an important mechanical mechanism for the formation of a water seal zone in a low-permeability matrix through water invasion in gas reservoirs. Water imbibition experiments into the reservoir were carried out to clarify the trends of the imbibed distance and imbibed fluid volume to establish the theoretical model of imbibition and to make experimental corrections. An application study was performed based on the understanding of water imbibition and water sealing mechanisms and the building of an imbibition model. The water seal zones formed by imbibition during exploitation are predicted, and the seal-breaking pressure and influx of imbibed water in the water seal zone are evaluated. The research findings fully revealed the large impact of water imbibition on the development of water-driven gas reservoirs, providing technical support for the assessment of water sealing and the establishment of water control measures in water-driven gas reservoirs.
Heterogeneity of alkaline lacustrine source rocks of the lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, northwestern China
Authors: Xiang Baoli , Ma Wanyun , He Dan , Pan Yueyang
Published: August 2022

The alkaline lacustrine source rocks in the lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, China, exhibit significant heterogeneity. However, most previous studies have focused on the vertical variability of the source rocks, and the lateral variability is poorly understood. This study investigated recently drilled samples of the Fengcheng Formation in the Manan area to assess the lateral variability of the source rocks. The geochemical characteristics of the Fengcheng Formation source rocks in the Manan area are variable, with low–high abundances of organic matter, which comprises types I–III kerogen that is mature to high-mature. These features differ from the typical Fengcheng Formation source rocks in the Wuxia–Fengcheng area, which have a high abundance of organic matter with substantial hydrocarbon and shale oil generation potential. Biomarker data show that the organic matter in the Fengcheng Formation source rocks in the Manan area is a mixture of higher plants, algae, and bacteria, which differs from the Wuxia–Fengcheng area where algae and bacteria are dominant. The Fengcheng Formation source rocks in the Manan area were deposited in an oxic to anoxic environment characterized by large variations in water salinity and stratification. Mudstones were deposited rather than carbonate rocks. This differs from the strongly reducing, hypersaline, and water-stratified depositional environment of the Fengcheng Formation source rocks in the Wuxia–Fengcheng area. These two areas are separated by the Dazhuluogou Fault, and there are no alkaline lacustrine deposits in the Manan area. The distribution of the alkaline lacustrine source rocks was controlled by the paleogeography and sedimentary environment, which was characterized by significant spatial heterogeneity.
Brazilian portuguese version of twin relationship questionnaire (TRQ-BR): Evidence of validity
Authors: Ferreira Isabella F , Lucci Tania K , David Vinicius F , Short Paula C Araújo , Crispim Ana C , Reali Thais , Marty Elisa S , Rocha Vanessa , Grinberg Andréia , Segal Nancy L , Segal Hila , Knafo-Noam Ariel , Otta Emma
Published: August 2022

Our aim was to adapt and validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Twin Relationship Questionnaire developed by Fortuna et al. (2010) and validated by H. Segal and Knafo-Noam (2019) in Israel. The respondents were 862 Brazilian mothers of twins ( N = 1724 twins) with mean age of 35 years (SD = 6.1). The majority of the sample lived in the Southeast (61.8%) or in the South (24.5%) of Brazil. We conducted a Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis with the pair of twins as second level variable, and the five-factor structure (closeness, dependence, conflict, dominance, and rivalry) proposed by the original validation study of H. Segal and Knafo-Noam (2019) was confirmed. The final model retained 15 items out of 22 proposed in the original version of the questionnaire. Although the TRQ-BR has fewer items, the accuracy compared to the original questionnaire was maintained. Mixed Model Analysis (LMM) of TRQ scores were used to investigate twins’ relationships as a function of zygosity, age groups, and sex in order to provide evidence of convergent validity of the instrument. As expected, mothers perceived monozygotic twins (MZ) as more depedent than dizygotic twins (DZ). Furthermore, male twin pairs were considered more conflictive when compared to female twins. The present study showed that TRQ-BR is an adequate instrument for research purposes in the Brazilian population. It can also be useful for applied areas such as clinical and educational fields.
‘We were not emotional enough’: Cultural liberalism and social contract imaginaries in the Colombian peace process
Authors: Burnyeat Gwen
Published: August 2022

The 2016 Peace Accord signed between the Colombian government and the FARC-EP guerrilla was narrowly rejected by the public in a polarising referendum. This article focusses on government officials in the Office of the High Commissioner for Peace, the government institution in charge of peace negotiations, and explaining the peace process to society in an innovative strategy called ‘peace pedagogy’. These officials resorted to rational communication about peace and repudiated the accord’s opponents, whom they perceived as right-wing populists. They then self-critically analysed the referendum loss as due to their strategy being ‘too rational’ and ‘not emotional enough’. Drawing on the anthropology of liberalism, this article characterises these officials as ‘culturally liberal’: liberal ideology was enmeshed in their cultural worldviews, including a perceived binary between rationality and emotions, and a contractarian imaginary of state-society relations as above politics. This both contributed to the loss of the referendum, and confounded their attempts to analyse the result. The normative model of the social contract, enmeshed in real-world interpretations of state-society relations, thus creates inexorably political effects.
Mobility–ethnicity nexus in the China–North Korea borderland of Yanbian: Migration infrastructure and multi-directional flows
Authors: Chen Shiwei
Published: August 2022

Chinese nationals who are classified as belonging to the Korean ethnic minority have become increasingly mobile since the 1980s in the China–North Korea borderland. Korean ethnicity plays a significant role in facilitating migration. This article unpacks the mobility–ethnicity nexus through the theoretical lens of ‘migration infrastructure’. To investigate how the borderland residents became mobile subjects as well as the processes intertwined with Korean ethnicity, the ensemble of technologies, institutions, and actors through which migration is reproduced and mediated are examined. Drawing on a multi-sited ethnographic study focusing on a rural community, this research analyses the multi-directional flows between the village, urban regions in China, and the two Koreas. Included are discussions on the changing state policies and regulations, diplomatic relationships between China and the two Koreas, growing migrant networks, brokers, family members, humanitarian organizations and other intermediaries that jointly organize and mediate mobilities, and the processes that are usually linked to evoking and redefining ‘Korean’ as an ethnic category. Ethnicity-mediated migration infrastructure enables villagers to move, but throughout the move they are continuously perceived as ethnically Korean. Mobility-sustained ethnicity calls for research to look at how ethnic categories gradually become relevant in everyday life, and ultimately institutionalized as people move between places.
A Relational Work Perspective on the Gig Economy: Doing Creative Work on Digital Labour Platforms
Authors: Alacovska Ana , Bucher Eliane , Fieseler Christian
Published: August 2022

Based on interviews with 49 visual artists, graphic designers and illustrators working on two leading global digital labour platforms, this article examines how creative workers perform relational work as a means of attenuating labour commodification, precarity, and algorithmic normativity. The article argues that creative work on online labour platforms, rather than being entirely controlled by depersonalised, anonymised and algorithm-driven labour market forces, is also infused in relational infrastructures whose upkeep, solidity and durability depends on the emotional efforts undertaken by workers to match economic transactions and their media of exchange to meaningful client relations. By applying a relational work perspective from economic sociology to the study of platform-mediated gig work, the article elucidates the micro-foundations of creative work in the digital gig economy, including how labour inequalities are produced and reproduced within and around micro-level interpersonal interactions.
Optimum swirl angle of natural gas combustion in domestic cooker burner with various output port
Authors: Deymi-Dashtebayaz Mahdi , Rezapour Mojtaba , Afshoun Hamid Reza , Sheikhani Hamideh , Barzanooni Vahid
Published: August 2022

Due to the wide spread use of household cooker burner, optimal design of these equipment can significantly reduce the natural gas consumption which consequently leads to energy consumption reduction, emissions reduction, and economic benefits. Shape of cooker-top and swirl angle are the most important effective factors on performance of domestic cooker burner. This paper investigates the impact of swirling the output port on performance of the burner, numerically. In this regard, four types of burners are three-dimensionally modeled and compared to determine the optimal port swirl angle based on burner temperature, heat transfer rate and pollutant emissions. Results show that the optimum swirl angle for output port is 20º where the maximum combustion temperature and desired heat transfer and pollutant emissions are obtained. The maximum burner head temperature for non-swirled burner is equal to 1610 K while for swirl angle of 20º, in addition to pollutant emissions reduction, the maximum burner head temperature of 1673 K is obtained. It is also concluded that the turbulence dissipation of flow increases by swirling the cooker-top burner.
Digital Interventions for the Mental Health and Well-Being of International Migrants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abtahi Zahra , Potocky Miriam , Eizadyar Zarin , Burke Shanna L. , Fava Nicole M.
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This systematic review examines the literature related to digital interventions and applies the findings to the mental health and well-being of international migrants. Method: A total of 1,854 articles were found during the initial search. Removing duplicates ( n = 95) produced a sample of 1,759 articles for review. Next, 1,750 articles were excluded based on inclusion criteria. The final sample was comprised of nine articles for review. Results: The final articles reviewed in this study were categorized according to the examined outcomes: 1) depression; 2) mental health literacy and stigma; 3) social connections; and 4) post-traumatic stress disorder. All but one of the studies reported positive effects ranging from small to large effect sizes. The majority of studies ( n = 6) can be rated as moderate in quality using established measures. Conclusion: A few digital interventions have been designed to address mental health and well-being of international migrants.
Prefabricated Trays Stock for Impression of Cleft lip and Palate Orthopedic Appliances: A Three-Dimensional Computational Analysis of Maxillary Jaws
Authors: Sabir Sara , Rokhssi Hasnaa , Famma Noureddine , Azhari Mohamed , Bentahar Oussama
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study aimed to propose digitally designed impression trays, for newborns with cleft lip and palate (CLP) defects, using the computer-assisted design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique, based on measurements of width, length, and height made on processed and scanned plaster models. Thus, we will describe the different software and concepts that can be used for the design of these impression trays.

Design

A total of 59 plaster casts of newborn patients with CLP were collected and then scanned. After that, digital dental casts were three-dimensional (3D) evaluated, using precise anatomical landmarks.

Setting

The Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Team at the Dental consultation and treatment center in Rabat, Morocco.

Patients and Participants

The study involved plaster casts of newborns with CLP, who had undergone presurgical neonatal treatment in the Maxillofacial Prosthodontics service in Rabat, Morocco.

Interventions

None,

Main Outcome Measure(s)

3D evaluation of 59 scanned plaster casts of newborn patients with CLP.

Results

This work allowed us to obtain digital impression trays for each anatomical variation of orofacial clefts. These trays will limit the problems linked to conventional techniques for making neonatal orthopedic plates. We also emphasized the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving several professionals in Morocco from various fields and specialties.

Conclusion

This original technique is advantageous for the practitioner as well as for the patients and their parents. It allows for precise recording, better adaptation, time-saving, and parental comfort.
Penile Myointimoma: A Clinicopathologic Study of 4 Tumors
Authors: Casa Daniel , Wang Lin , Tretiakova Maria , Cibull Thomas , Pease Garrison
Published: August 2022

Penile myointimoma is a rare, benign tumor occurring within the corpus spongiosum vasculature of the glans penis. Thus far, there have been twenty-three reported tumors in the literature. We present four additional tumors of this unique myointimal proliferation. Patients ranged in age from 20 to 68 years and presented with a firm mass on the glans penis. All four tumors displayed distinctive morphologic features consisting of a myointimal proliferation with plexiform architecture of bland myofibroblastic cells in a myxoid background in the corpus spongiosum vasculature. Characteristic cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of lesional cells with smooth muscle actin in addition to a desmin positive collarette of native vessel smooth muscle was seen in all four tumors. No disease was reported in any of the patients at last clinical follow-up (9 months to 15 years) after biopsy or excision. Myointimoma is part of a rare group of mesenchymal tumors that has been recently classified by its distinctive location, morphology, and immunohistochemical reactivity. For any nodular, spindle cell lesion of the corpus spongiosum, myointimoma should be included in the differential diagnosis given its unique characteristics and favorable clinical outcome.
Super twisting control of torsional vibration in non-minimum phase nonlinear drill string system
Authors: Aghadadi Kamal , Bakhtiari-Nejad Firooz , Taghvaeipour Afshin , Hosseinzadeh Ali
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a second order sliding mode control law for regulation of rotational speed in a non-minimum phase drill string system is proposed. In this regard, first, the nonlinear dynamic model of a drill string which is in contact with non-Newtonian mud is conducted. Next, a super twisting sliding mode control is designed that ensures the asymptotic regulation of output during sliding motion in a finite time and stable zero dynamics. It is shown that the proposed super twisting controller is capable of adjusting the output on a desired value by generating a proper sliding surface in a finite time. The convergence of the proposed controller for the dynamic model with a higher number of mode shapes is also investigated, and it is found that by increasing the number of obtained modes, the desired output needs less computation time with more accuracy.
Real-world analysis of tumor lysis syndrome in patients started on venetoclax combination for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Abernathy Karin M , Perciavalle Matthew A , Gatwood Katie S , Chen Heidi , Zakhari Matthew M , Byrne Michael
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Venetoclax is utilized with low-dose cytarabine or a hypomethylating agent for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Clinical trials report a risk of tumor lysis syndrome and the package insert recommends a venetoclax dose ramp-up at the initiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of tumor lysis syndrome in a large population of patients with acute myeloid leukemia outside of a clinical trial and evaluate the incidence of hospital-acquired complications during inpatient ramp-up.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving venetoclax with a hypomethylating agent or low-dose cytarabine. The primary outcome was the incidence of tumor lysis syndrome. Secondary outcomes included risk factors for tumor lysis syndrome, length of admission, and incidence of hospital-acquired complications.

Results

One hundred thirteen patients were included. Although all patients were given some form of prophylaxis, the incidence of tumor lysis syndrome was 8.8%. All were laboratory tumor lysis syndrome; one with hyperuricemia, nine with hypocalcemia, and ten with hyperphosphatemia. Six patients received sevelamer. Tumor lysis syndrome was resolved in all cases. No clinical tumor lysis syndrome occurred. Hepatic dysfunction, tumor lysis syndrome high-risk stratification, higher baseline white blood cell count, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were more common in the tumor lysis syndrome group. Hospital-acquired complications reached 13% in those directly admitted for dose ramp-up.

Conclusions

Tumor lysis syndrome was uncommon and manifested as minor lab abnormalities. White blood cell count continues to be an indicator of risk for tumor lysis syndrome. Those who present with an elevated white blood cell or are otherwise at high risk for tumor lysis syndrome should be admitted for ramp-up. Otherwise, initiation and monitoring of venetoclax are feasible in the outpatient setting.
Factors Associated With Utilization of Ecological Sanitation Technology in Burera District, Rwanda: A Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Banamwana Celestin , Musoke David , Ntakirutimana Theoneste , Buregyeya Esther , Ssempebwa John C , Maina Gakenia Wamuyu- , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona
Published: August 2022

Background:

The utilization of “on-site excreta decomposition technology” known as “Ecological sanitation (Ecosan)” has a rational use of human excreta. It is a resource-oriented sanitation mostly feasible in areas with rocky soil and prone to agriculture. This technology was implemented in Rwanda for more than a decade. However, little is known about Ecosan utilization in the process of scale-up in the community.

Aim:

The study was carried out to determine enablers and barriers associated with the utilization of Ecosan in Burera district, Rwanda.

Methods:

A mixed method study was surveyed in 374 households with Ecosan. A systematic random sampling was used to select respondents and a sample was drawn from the 3 administrative sectors of Burera district. We interviewed 20 key informants that included community leaders and sanitation actors. Bivariate, ordered logistic regression with thematic content analysis were used.

Results:

Ecosan users were unable to practice both urine diversion and the use of Ecosan by-products. Only 39.4% of households were better users. As by the survey results, primary and secondary educational status (AOR 2.60, 95% CI 1.11-6.08) and (AOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.02-11.9), frequency of fecal pit emptying (AOR 3.38, 95% CI (2.18-17.91), ash use (AOR 1.65, 95% CI (0.93-4.64) and concrete slab latrine (AOR 7.31, 95% CI (2.94-17.95) were found to be associated with better use of Ecosan. Qualitative findings suggested unaffordable cost, a touch of excreta taboos, and poor maintenance practices as key barriers to utilization.

Conclusion:

Overall utilization of Ecosan was poor and the majority of households was not able to use Ecosan for both dry separation of urine from feces and reuse in the gardens. Upgrading existing knowledge about Ecosan with greater emphasis on the use of by-products and adopting good maintenance practices through regular training can promote better utilization of Ecosan.
Language variation in a shifting community: Different patterns of noun incorporation in Modern Chukchi
Authors: Kantarovich Jessica
Published: August 2022

Research questions:

This study asks whether an interface phenomenon such as noun incorporation (NI) displays meaningful socially conditioned variation in the endangered polysynthetic language, Chukchi, by investigating whether speakers of all levels of experience or proficiency make use of NI in a consistent, rule-governed way.

Design and methodology:

This study compares production data from small groups of speakers of a moribund language. Study tasks include a controlled production task in which speakers are asked to construct sentences using provided lexical items. The lexical items were conditioned so as to trigger NI in certain stimuli (on the basis of verbal valency and argument animacy).

Data and analysis:

The production data was transcribed and coded for the occurrence and structural type of NI (compounding vs. syntactic incorporation). The results were compared across three groups of speakers: conservative older speakers, younger attriting speakers, and new speakers.

Findings/conclusions:

NI frequency and productivity clearly differ among the three groups. CSs use incorporation frequently and productively in the expected contexts, while ASs use productive incorporation only in familiar contexts, followed by NSs who make little to no use of incorporation. All speaker groups display knowledge of the appropriate circumstances in which to use incorporation.

Originality:

This study makes use of a novel experimental methodology in studying several under-researched areas: variation in traditional Chukchi, shift-induced variation in a polysynthetic language, and NI as a locus of variation.

Significance/implications:

This study contributes to our understanding of the behavior of non-normative speakers of endangered languages and demonstrates that they play a role in language preservation. The study shows that the diffuse nature of the Chukchi speech community is different from comparatively well-studied shift settings (especially in the North American and European contexts) in its lack of a community of use or practice, which presents unique challenges in language maintenance.
Path and rate of development in child heritage speakers: Evidence from Greek subject/object form and placement
Authors: Daskalaki Evangelia , Chondrogianni Vasiliki , Blom Elma
Published: August 2022

Aims:

We investigated: (1) whether differences in accuracy between heritage speakers (HS) and monolingual speakers (MS) signal differences in the path or merely in the rate of language development, and (2) whether, independently of these differences, HS become more accurate as they grow older.

Methods:

Using an elicitation task, we collected data from three groups of speakers of Greek: HS in the United States and Canada (78–226 months), MS of the same age (77–177 months), and younger MS (42–69 months). In terms of structures, we focused on two phenomena that are encoded differently in Greek and English: subject/object form in reference maintenance contexts and subject placement in embedded wh-dependencies.

Data and Analysis:

Data were analyzed with mixed-effects logistic regression models.

Findings:

We found that the heritage group had a lower accuracy and produced different error patterns than both monolingual groups. Specifically, only the heritage group produced non-felicitous lexical subjects/objects in reference maintenance contexts and ungrammatical preverbal subjects in embedded wh-structures. Accuracy, though, increased with age. Furthermore, current amount of heritage language (HL) input and generation, which were included as covariates, emerged as significant predictors in some or all of the conditions.

Originality:

The inclusion of a younger monolingual group helped us determine whether the different patterns observed in the language of HS are also attested in the language of MS at earlier developmental stages. The inclusion of a wide age range helped us determine whether, independently of differences in the path/rate of development, HS become more accurate as they grow older and accumulate the necessary amount of HL input.

Implications:

HS may go through developmental stages not attested in L1 acquisition. However, differences in developmental stages do not necessarily entail differences in the outcome of language acquisition. HS’ accuracy may continue to increase, provided that they continue using their HL.
Effect of friction time on heat distribution, material flow, and microstructure of friction welding of dissimilar steels
Authors: Ou Yangxin , Deng Yongfang , Zhang Weichao , Zhao Yuncai , Zeng Jincheng
Published: August 2022

In this paper, 1045 steel is joined to Q235 steel using continuous drive friction welding. The temperature distribution and material flow during the welding process were analyzed by numerical simulation and the flow behavior was further explained by grain distribution. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint were investigated experimentally. The results show that with the increase of friction time, the joint temperature first increases and remains in dynamic equilibrium. The joints were divided into a central region, a 0.5R region, and an edge region along the radial direction. The highest temperature of the joint first appears in the edge region, with a relatively low temperature in the central region. The material flow rate in the edge region is faster than that in the center and 0.5 R regions, and the maximum material flow rate increases and then decreases with increasing friction time. When the friction time is suitable, the heat distribution is uniform and sufficient, and the grains show a better refinement effect, which is beneficial to the improvement of the mechanical properties of the joint. Due to the grain refinement of the joint, the highest microhardness is obtained at the weld zone in all welding conditions. All joints fractured on the Q235 steel base material side, and the fracture form was ductile fracture.
Life and Death Sometimes Coincide, and Pastoral Response is Crucial to the Brokenhearted
Authors: Sergi Consolato M. , Mullur Tomy
Published: August 2022

Perinatal loss may remain unexplained, despite current technology, modern preventive care measures, and advanced diagnostic procedures. Culturally sensitive and competent discussions should be prioritized in medicine, but religious and spiritual feelings are often marginalized. Here we highlight our reflections on the importance of the spiritual and theological responses to parents grieving stillbirth. Chaplains are critical for the wellbeing of both families and physicians.
The effect of trepanning parameters on wear of tool and surface quality of titanium alloy
Authors: Feng Yazhou , Zheng Huan , Han Xiaolan , Liu Zhanfeng
Published: August 2022

There is a growing interest in developing an advanced technique to manufacture titanium alloy for larger holes in the aviation and marine industries. While the application of larger holes is limited due to the low machinability and high cost. The deep-hole trepanning is investigated to manufacture the titanium alloy in a high-efficient low-cost manner, and the technical challenges during the deep-hole trepanning process are studied in this article. Designs of the deep-hole trepanning tool and experiments under different cutting speeds and feed are carried out. Chip morphology, axial cutting force, and tool wear are analyzed. The optimal process parameters are achieved. This study provides a practical solution to process titanium alloy for potential industrial applications.
Study on the influencing factors in the development process of high-speed train wheel polygon
Authors: Song Zhi-kun , Ren Hai-xing , Liu Wei , Li Qiang , Hu Xiao-yi
Published: August 2022

High-level wheel polygon wear is common in high-speed EMUs. Wheel polygon wear causes high-frequency vibration of vehicles and track systems, which seriously affects the safe operation of vehicles. Some key influencing factors are of great significance for restraining wheel polygon wear. In this paper, a long-term wear iterative model is established by combining the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the Archard wear model, which is used to simulate the whole development process of high-speed train wheel polygon. The development process of wheel polygon is simulated when the vehicle runs at 300 km/h. The simulating results are consistent with the actual situation. It is found that changing the speed of the vehicle can prevent the rapid development of the wheel polygon of a fixed order, so as to slow down the development of the wheel polygon. As the wheel hardness increases, the roughness level gradually decreases. If there is corrugation in the rail, it will greatly accelerate the development of wheel polygon, especially when the wavelength of rail corrugation can divide the wheel circumference. In addition, with the increase of rail corrugation amplitude, the promoting effect will gradually increase.
Effects of moderate altitude on the physical performance of elite female soccer players during an official soccer tournament
Authors: Kobal Ronaldo , Loturco Irineu , do Carmo Everton C , Cal Abad Cesar Cavinato , Rossetti Marcelo , Saito Tiemi , Klosterhoff Rafael Roberto , Barroso Renato
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate altitude (2800 m) on neuromuscular performance, body-mass, rating of perceived exertion, total quality recovery, and global positioning system–motion variables (distance covered, sprint distance, number of accelerations, and top-speed) during soccer training and official matches. Seventeen professional female soccer players performed vertical jump tests and were weighed over seven days during the altitude acclimatization. Global positioning system–motion variables, rating of perceived exertion, and total quality recovery were assessed over two training sessions at 2800 m and compared to the metrics collected during two sessions at sea level. Global positioning system–motion variables were measured during six official matches played at 2800 m and compared to six matches at sea level. Vertical jump height and body-mass did not change during acclimatization ( p > 0.05). Rating of perceived exertion was higher and total quality recovery was lower after training sessions at altitude ( p < 0.05). Total distance covered ( p = 0.002), total sprint distance ( p = 0.016), and total distance covered per minute ( p = 0.02) decreased and rating of perceived exertion increased ( p = 0.012) in the matches at moderate altitude compared to sea level. No differences were observed for top-speed and acceleration ( p > 0.05). These findings suggest that moderate altitude can lead to substantial decreases in the physical performance (especially in total sprint distance), increased rating of perceived exertion, decreased total quality recovery in female players. These occurrences are critical to soccer performance.
Tensions in the ‘tent’: Civic engagement in Aotearoa New Zealand universities
Authors: Thomas Amanda , Stupples Polly , Kiddle Rebecca , Hall Meegan , Palomino-Schalscha Marcela
Published: August 2022

Discussions around civic engagement are now commonplace in Aotearoa New Zealand universities, albeit to varying degrees of intensity. The results of these discussions are realised in strategic plans, curricular development and the commitments of individual academics to engage with the world outside the university. This article explores the tensions of increasing civic engagement in Aotearoa New Zealand universities amidst the neo-liberal landscape in which universities find themselves. Three key tensions are explored: first, who benefits – communities, students, universities or a combination? Second, how can we ensure accountability to the social and community groups which are engaged? And, third, what are the impacts on engagement of a market-driven context that encourages fast-paced, output-oriented academic processes? These tensions are explored through local examples drawn from the authors’ own experiences, alongside a review of initiatives around Aotearoa New Zealand in general and the authors’ university in particular. Grounded in broader debates around civic engagement and the contemporary political context of universities, an analysis of these experiences highlights the ongoing need to clarify what civic engagement means and aims to achieve in different contexts, as well as some of the structures and processes that require consideration for civic engagement to be meaningful for all those involved, and positively sustained over time.
Network Pharmacology, Integrated Bioinformatics, and Molecular Docking Reveals the Anti-Ovarian Cancer Molecular Mechanisms of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl)
Authors: Chen Buze , Jin Xin , Wang Haihong , Zhou Qingmei , Li Guilin , Lu Xiaoyuan
Published: August 2022

Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl) is a popular natural spice with various pharmacological properties. This study was based on network pharmacology integrating bioinformatics and molecular docking to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of cinnamon in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC). The chemical composition of cinnamon was collected from the TCMSP database to predict its targets and construct a “cinnamon active component target” network. OC-related genes were retrieved from Genecards and DisGeNET databases. The “disease-target” network was established, and the drug targets were mapped to the disease targets, and the key targets obtained from the mapping were subjected to DAVID analysis to construct a “component-target-pathway” network diagram. The active ingredients of cinnamon were molecularly docked to the core targets to predict the molecular mechanism of cinnamon in the treatment of ovarian cancer. From cinnamon, 105 chemical components were screened and de-duplicated to obtain 15 active components and 74 drug target proteins, and 26 common targets were obtained after mapping drug targets to disease targets. 368 entries were identified by GO enrichment analysis, mainly including biological progresses such as regulation of smooth muscle contraction and regulation of tube diameter, and molecular functions such as antioxidant activity, and peroxidase activity. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 4 signaling pathways, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, HIF-1 signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and complement and coagulation cascades. Molecular docking analysis showed good affinity of these key targets with representative components of OC. There was a stable interaction between DIBP and ADRB2 and NR3C1. There is a stable interaction between oleic acid and C2K, EDN1, ERBB2, PLAU, PLG, PRSS3, PTGS1, PTGS2, SERPINE1 and SLC2A1. Cinnamon exerted its therapeutic effects on OC through multiple pathways and targets.
‘That’s enough!’ (But it wasn’t): The generative possibilities of attuning to what else a tantrum can do
Authors: Osgood Jayne , de Rijke Victoria
Published: August 2022

Often used in the plural, tantrum denotes an uncontrolled outburst of anger and frustration, typically in a young child. In this paper we attempt to enact a feminist project of reclamation and reconfiguration of ‘the toddler tantrum’. Drawing on a range of theoretical traditions, this paper investigates the complex yet generative possibilities inherent within the tantrum to argue that it can be encountered as more-than-human, as a worldly-becoming, and as a form of resistance to Anthropocentrism and childism. We propose that the tantrum might be reappraised as a generative form of (child) activism. By mobilising the potential of arts-based approaches to the study of childhood we seek to reach other, opened out and speculative accounts of what tantrum-ing is, what it makes possible, and what it might offer to stretch ideas about, and practices with very young children. We undertake a tentacular engagement with children’s literature to arrive at possibilities to resist smoothing out, extinguishing or demonising the uncomfortable affective ecologies that are agitated by child rage. This paper brings together a concern with affect, materialities and bodies as they coalesce in more-than-human relationalities captured within ‘the tantrum’. In doing so, the unthinkable, the unbearable, the uncomfortable and the unknowable are set in motion, in the hope of arriving at a (more) critically affirmative account of childhood in all its messy complexity.
Thinking time: Producing time and toddler’s time to think in ECEC
Authors: Moxnes Anna R. , Aslanian Teresa K
Published: August 2022

Toddlers contribute to early childhood education and care (ECEC) environments in unique ways in contrast to older children and adults. In this article, we explore early childhood teachers’ stories about toddlers, thinking, and time. We follow a moment with a toddler’s story told with his fingers, and discuss it through teachers’ stories. Our focus is on what ideas about toddlers, time, and thinking these stories produce, and how these ideas affect toddler’s possibilities to contribute to daily life in ECEC. We use Barad’s concepts spacetimematter and temporal diffraction; and Haraway’s concept Capitalocene and storying, to explore toddlers thinking and time in ECEC. We argue that the dominant concept of time in the Capitalocene can produce thoughtlessness, connected to children and children’s opportunities to participate. Through a process of “storying,” we hope to generate more and maybe different knowledge about toddlers, thinking, and time.
Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia presenting as a rectal mass
Authors: Goffart Laura M , Durand Alexane , Dettwiler Martina , Vincenti Simona
Published: August 2022

Case summary

A 9-year-old neutered male cat was referred owing to dyschezia and weight loss. Abdominal CT revealed a heterogeneous mass in the rectum and thickening of one caudal mesenteric lymph node. The mass induced a focal rectal obstruction. Cytological evaluation of fine-needle aspirates showed signs of mixed inflammation for the rectal mass and a reactive lymph node. Because a definite diagnosis was not achieved, complete resection of the mass via a dorsal approach to the rectum was attempted. Histopathology confirmed complete removal and diagnosed feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF). The cat was treated with psyllium husks and lactulose after surgery. In the postoperative year, the owner reported normal behaviour, food intake and defecation of the patient. Dyschezia reoccurred 14 months after surgery. Imaging revealed recurrence of a rectal mass. Owing to clinical deterioration, the owner elected for euthanasia.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first report of rectal FGESF with dyschezia and weight loss as the main clinical signs. The case demonstrates an acceptable outcome for more than 1 year without additional immunosuppressive therapy, and emphasises that FGESF must be considered as a differential diagnosis for rectal masses in cats.