bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Despite the Fear’: Emancipation Trajectories in Libya, 1890–1930
Authors: Montalbano Gabriele
Published: October 2022

Challenging the Eurocentric belief that abolitionism was a top-down process issued by colonial powers, this article explores the emergence of personal and group strategies for the emancipation of Black enslaved people in Libya. During the late Ottoman period, Italian antislavery activities operated in Libya and established a mission in Benghazi to host manumitted children referred to as ‘Moretti’ (‘little Moors’). The goal was to make these Moretti a group of local people close to the Catholic Church and the Italian government. The failures of the missionaries to accomplish these aims reveal the strategies and trajectories of Moretti as they negotiated their role in society, especially after Italian occupation in 1911. Historical sources reveal an informal web of solidarity using antislavery societies and creating forms of urban and social autonomy. This article details actions of solidarity among Black enslaved persons that took place in late Ottoman and Italian colonial Libya, which challenges Eurocentric antislavery narratives.
Modernist Continuities: Queer Jewish Dances, the Holocaust, and the AIDS Crisis
Authors: Kosstrin Hannah
Published: October 2022

During the height of the 1980s AIDS epidemic in the United States, LGBTQ+ Jewish choreographers agitated for gay rights by using Holocaust allusions to address the AIDS crisis. Modernist practices in their work generate a long modernist midcentury that reframes established historical binaries between modernist and postmodernist concert dance modalities. This article argues that choreographers who drew upon Holocaust memory to address the AIDS crisis engendered a queer Jewish imaginary by engaging Jewishness from ethnic Ashkenazi (European) Jewish American lineages of modernist dance as social justice, Jewish cyclical temporal logics, and histories of being scapegoated for societal ills. It demonstrates how Meredith Monk's Book of Days (1988), David Dorfman's Sleep Story (1987), and Arnie Zane's The Gift/No God Logic (1987) fostered Jewish queerness in modernist artistic practices during a time that LGBTQ+ American Jews developed a queer Jewish consciousness. These choreographers’ works connect queer Jewish modernisms to varied temporalities of global modernity.
The Anthropocene rupture in international relations: Future politics and international life
Authors: Lundborg Tom
Published: October 2022

The Anthropocene rupture refers to the beginning of our current geological epoch in which humans constitute a collective geological force that alters the trajectory of the Earth system. An increased engagement with this notion of a rupture has prompted a lively debate on the inherent anthropocentrism of International Relations (IR), and whether it is possible to transform it into something new that embraces diverse forms of existence, human as well as non-human. This article challenges that possibility. It shows how much of the current debate rests on the idea fulfilling future desirable ideals, which are pushed perpetually beyond a horizon of human thought, making them unreachable. As an alternative, the article turns to Jacques Derrida's understanding of the future to come (l'avenir), highlighting the significance of unpredictability and unexpected events. This understanding of the future shows how life within and of the international rests on encounters with the future as something radically other. On this basis, it is argued that responding to our current predicament should proceed not by seeking to fulfil future ideals but by encountering the future as incalculable and other, whose arrival represents an opportunity as much as a threat to established forms of international life.
Multilingualism and mentalizing abilities in adults
Authors: Chung-Fat-Yim Ashley , Lo Ronda F. , Mar Raymond A.
Published: October 2022

Bilingual children have better Theory-of-Mind compared to monolingual children, but comparatively little research has examined whether this advantage in social cognitive ability also applies to adults. The current study investigated whether multilingual status and/or number of known languages predicts performance on a mentalizing task in a large sample of adult participants. Multilingualism was decomposed based on whether English is the first language or not. All analyses controlled for well-known predictors of mentalizing, such as gender, same-race bias, and years of English fluency. We found a U-shaped trend, such that monolinguals and multilinguals did not differ much in their mentalizing ability, but bilinguals performed worse than monolinguals. Our study builds upon past work by examining a large sample of participants, measuring a crucial aspect of adult social cognition that has previously been unexplored, controlling for several nuisance variables, and investigating whether multilingualism leads to additional benefits in mentalizing abilities beyond bilingualism.
The value of additional calf–mother contact in milk choice: an analysis of US consumers
Authors: Boaitey Albert , Lai Yufeng , Kehoe Sylvia
Published: October 2022

In recent decades, there has been an increase in public concerns about the animal welfare impacts of many farm practices. The transition to systems that are perceived to increase animal welfare is however, hampered by the lack of transparency regarding farming practices, information gaps and poor value signaling. Using the case of milk choice, this study investigates US consumer (N= 1020) preferences for systems that allow for additional calf-dam (mother) contact, dehorning and the role of different formats of information (i.e., text and images). The study applies a multi-profile (Case 3) best-worst scoring approach. Data were analyzed using mixed logit and latent class models. The results indicate that consumers signal significantly higher values for production systems that allow for more calf-dam contact. These preferences differ by consumer segments. Consumers also expressed positive values for dehorning with pain mitigation. The results further show that a seemingly small addition to textual information treatment, i.e., providing consumers with pictures associated with calf-dam contact practices generates statistically significant premiums. Sensitivity to additional information was high amongst female and urban consumers. The findings of this study highlight the demand incentives for the creation of niche markets for calf management practices in the dairy industry.
Transcriptomic Differences Between Monozygotic Adolescent Twins Discordant For Metabolic Syndrome Following Weight Loss: A Case Study
Authors: Day Kaitlin , McCubbin Alan J. , Murgia Chiara , Southey Melissa C. , Brown Justin , Truby Helen
Published: October 2022

This case reports peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) transcriptomic changes in a pair of male monozygotic pediatric twins with metabolic syndrome (MetS) undertaking assisted weight loss. These 14-year-old boys presented with similar baseline biochemistry and body composition. After a 16-week weight-loss intervention, percent body weight loss was similar (Twin A 12%, and Twin B 13%). MetS resolved in Twin A but Twin B maintained elevated triglycerides after weight loss. Analysis of the PBMC transcriptome before and after weight loss revealed very different changes in gene expression including differences in the direction of expression of genes related to immune cell activation. 48.7% of genes that were downregulated in Twin A were upregulated in Twin B. This case highlights a novel approach to report the influence of chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysfunction on the PBMC transcriptome. It explores whether expression of genes related to immune functions may underlie the differences in response to weight loss or whether transcriptomic alterations in immune cells may precede more traditional biomarkers of chronic pro-inflammation. These monozygotic twins present an example of divergence of phenotypic outcomes despite identical genetic background and similar treatment response.
A Better Operational Lava Flow Model
Authors: Rehnberg Morgan
Published: October 2022

By segmenting the vertical structure of a lava flow, the Lava2d model provides more realism to operational lava forecasts.
Scientists Tune in to Blue Whale Feeding Rhythms
Authors: Morris Bill
Published: October 2022

New acoustic sensing technology is allowing scientists to track blue whale movements in real time, a breakthrough that could help save whales’ lives.
Comment on “The Cross‐Shore Component in the Vertical Structure of Wave‐Induced Currents and Resulting Offshore Transport” by Lu et al.
Authors: Wang Xiao Hua , Yang Gang
Published: October 2022

Understanding wave‐current interactions is crucial to coastal engineering projects and management. However, research gaps still exist in literature, especially on how tides can affect wave dynamics in shallow waters where depth is strongly affected by tidal height variation. This commentary highlights some of these unresolved issues, for an example, in the study of Lu et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jc017311). We argue that without applying a fully coupled wave‐current model, vertical and horizontal circulation in the surf zone and offshore of embayed beaches can be very different to wave‐driven currents without considering tidal forcing as Lu et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jc017311) appears to have done.
Cloud Phase Simulation at High Latitudes in EAMv2: Evaluation Using CALIPSO Observations and Comparison With EAMv1
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xie Shaocheng , Liu Xiaohong , Lin Wuyin , Zheng Xue , Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Zhang Yuying
Published: October 2022

This study performs a comprehensive evaluation of the simulated cloud phase in the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Exascale Earth System Model, atmosphere model version 2 (EAMv2), and version 1 (EAMv1). Enabled by the CALIPSO (Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) simulator, EAMv2 and EAMv1 predicted cloud phase is compared against the GCM‐Oriented CALIPSO Cloud Product (CALIPSO‐GOCCP) at high latitudes where mixed‐phase clouds are prevalent. Our results indicate that the underestimation of cloud ice in simulated high‐latitude mixed‐phase clouds in EAMv1 has been significantly reduced in EAMv2. The increased ice clouds in the Arctic mainly result from the modification on the WBF (Wegner‐Bergeron‐Findeisen) process in EAMv2. The impact of the modified WBF process is moderately compensated by the low limit of cloud droplet number concentration in cloud microphysics and the new dCAPE_ULL trigger used in deep convection in EAMv2. Moreover, it is found that the new trigger largely contributes to the better cloud phase simulation over the Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea in the Arctic and the Southern Ocean where large errors are found in EAMv1. However, errors in simulated cloud phase in EAMv1, such as the overestimation of supercooled liquid clouds near the surface in both hemispheres and the underestimation of ice clouds over Antarctica, persist in EAMv2. This study highlights the impact of deep convection parameterizations, which has received little attention, on high‐latitude mixed‐phase clouds, and the importance of continuous improvement of cloud microphysics in climate models for accurately representing mixed‐phase clouds.
MSIS‐UQ: Calibrated and Enhanced NRLMSIS 2.0 Model With Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Licata Richard J. , Mehta Piyush M. , Weimer Daniel R. , Tobiska W. Kent , Yoshii Jean
Published: October 2022

The Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter radar (MSIS) model family has been developed and improved since the early 1970's. The most recent version of MSIS is the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) MSIS 2.0 empirical atmospheric model. NRLMSIS 2.0 provides species density, mass density, and temperature estimates as function of location and space weather conditions. MSIS models have long been a popular choice of thermosphere model in the research and operations community alike, but—like many models—does not provide uncertainty estimates. In this work, we develop an exospheric temperature model based in machine learning that can be used with NRLMSIS 2.0 to calibrate it relative to high‐fidelity satellite density estimates directly through the exospheric temperature parameter. Instead of providing point estimates, our model (called MSIS‐UQ) outputs a distribution which is assessed using a metric called the calibration error score. We show that MSIS‐UQ debiases NRLMSIS 2.0 resulting in reduced differences between model and satellite density of 25% and is 11% closer to satellite density than the Space Force's High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model. We also show the model's uncertainty estimation capabilities by generating altitude profiles for species density, mass density, and temperature. This explicitly demonstrates how exospheric temperature probabilities affect density and temperature profiles within NRLMSIS 2.0. Another study displays improved post‐storm overcooling capabilities relative to NRLMSIS 2.0 alone, enhancing the phenomena that it can capture.
The oncogenic fusion protein DNAJB1-PRKACA can be specifically targeted by peptide-based immunotherapy in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bauer Jens , Köhler Natalie , Maringer Yacine , Bucher Philip , Bilich Tatjana , Zwick Melissa , Dicks Severin , Nelde Annika , Dubbelaar Marissa , Scheid Jonas , Wacker Marcel , Heitmann Jonas S. , Schroeder Sarah , Rieth Jonas , Denk Monika , Richter Marion , Klein Reinhild , Bonzheim Irina , Luibrand Julia , Holzer Ursula , Ebinger Martin , Brecht Ines B. , Bitzer Michael , Boerries Melanie , Feucht Judith , Salih Helmut R. , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Hailfinger Stephan , Walz Juliane S.
Published: October 2022

The DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion transcript is the oncogenic driver in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, a lethal disease lacking specific therapies. This study reports on the identification, characterization, and immunotherapeutic application of HLA-presented neoantigens specific for the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion transcript in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. DNAJB1-PRKACA-derived HLA class I and HLA class II ligands induce multifunctional cytotoxic CD8+ and T-helper 1 CD4+ T cells, and their cellular processing and presentation in DNAJB1-PRKACA expressing tumor cells is demonstrated by mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidome analysis. Single-cell RNA sequencing further identifies multiple T cell receptors from DNAJB1-PRKACA-specific T cells. Vaccination of a fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma patient, suffering from recurrent short interval disease relapses, with DNAJB1-PRKACA-derived peptides under continued Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy induces multifunctional CD4+ T cells, with an activated T-helper 1 phenotype and high T cell receptor clonality. Vaccine-induced DNAJB1-PRKACA-specific T cell responses persist over time and, in contrast to various previous treatments, are accompanied by durable relapse free survival of the patient for more than 21 months post vaccination. Our preclinical and clinical findings identify the DNAJB1-PRKACA protein as source for immunogenic neoepitopes and corresponding T cell receptors and provide efficacy in a single-patient study of T cell-based immunotherapy specifically targeting this oncogenic fusion.
Intramyocardial hemorrhage drives fatty degeneration of infarcted myocardium
Authors: Cokic Ivan , Chan Shing Fai , Guan Xingmin , Nair Anand R. , Yang Hsin-Jung , Liu Ting , Chen Yinyin , Hernando Diego , Sykes Jane , Tang Richard , Butler John , Dohnalkova Alice , Kovarik Libor , Finney Robert , Kali Avinash , Sharif Behzad , Bouchard Louis S. , Gupta Rajesh , Krishnam Mayil Singaram , Vora Keyur , Tamarappoo Balaji , Howarth Andrew G. , Kumar Andreas , Francis Joseph , Reeder Scott B. , Wood John C. , Prato Frank S. , Dharmakumar Rohan
Published: October 2022

Sudden blockage of arteries supplying the heart muscle contributes to millions of heart attacks (myocardial infarction, MI) around the world. Although re-opening these arteries (reperfusion) saves MI patients from immediate death, approximately 50% of these patients go on to develop chronic heart failure (CHF) and die within a 5-year period; however, why some patients accelerate towards CHF while others do not remains unclear. Here we show, using large animal models of reperfused MI, that intramyocardial hemorrhage - the most damaging form of reperfusion injury (evident in nearly 40% of reperfused ST-elevation MI patients) - drives delayed infarct healing and is centrally responsible for continuous fatty degeneration of the infarcted myocardium contributing to adverse remodeling of the heart. Specifically, we show that the fatty degeneration of the hemorrhagic MI zone stems from iron-induced macrophage activation, lipid peroxidation, foam cell formation, ceroid production, foam cell apoptosis and iron recycling. We also demonstrate that timely reduction of iron within the hemorrhagic MI zone reduces fatty infiltration and directs the heart towards favorable remodeling. Collectively, our findings elucidate why some, but not all, MIs are destined to CHF and help define a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate post-MI CHF independent of MI size.
Blue and green food webs respond differently to elevation and land use
Authors: Ho Hsi-Cheng , Brodersen Jakob , Gossner Martin M. , Graham Catherine H. , Kaeser Silvana , Reji Chacko Merin , Seehausen Ole , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pellissier Loïc , Altermatt Florian
Published: October 2022

While aquatic (blue) and terrestrial (green) food webs are parts of the same landscape, it remains unclear whether they respond similarly to shared environmental gradients. We use empirical community data from hundreds of sites across Switzerland and a synthesis of interaction information in the form of a metaweb to show that inferred blue and green food webs have different structural and ecological properties along elevation and among various land-use types. Specifically, in green food webs, their modular structure increases with elevation and the overlap of consumers’ diet niche decreases, while the opposite pattern is observed in blue food webs. Such differences between blue and green food webs are particularly pronounced in farmland-dominated habitats, indicating that anthropogenic habitat modification modulates the climatic effects on food webs but differently in blue versus green systems. These findings indicate general structural differences between blue and green food webs and suggest their potential divergent future alterations through land-use or climatic changes.
Arctic introgression and chromatin regulation facilitated rapid Qinghai-Tibet Plateau colonization by an avian predator
Authors: Hu Li , Long Juan , Lin Yi , Gu Zhongru , Su Han , Dong Xuemin , Lin Zhenzhen , Xiao Qian , Batbayar Nyambayar , Bold Batbayar , Deutschová Lucia , Ganusevich Sergey , Sokolov Vasiliy , Sokolov Aleksandr , Patel Hardip R. , Waters Paul D. , Graves Jennifer Ann Marshall , Dixon Andrew , Pan Shengkai , Zhan Xiangjiang
Published: October 2022

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), possesses a climate as cold as that of the Arctic, and also presents uniquely low oxygen concentrations and intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation. QTP animals have adapted to these extreme conditions, but whether they obtained genetic variations from the Arctic during cold adaptation, and how genomic mutations in non-coding regions regulate gene expression under hypoxia and intense UV environment, remain largely unknown. Here, we assemble a high-quality saker falcon genome and resequence populations across Eurasia. We identify female-biased hybridization with Arctic gyrfalcons in the last glacial maximum, that endowed eastern sakers with alleles conveying larger body size and changes in fat metabolism, predisposing their QTP cold adaptation. We discover that QTP hypoxia and UV adaptations mainly involve independent changes in non-coding genomic variants. Our study highlights key roles of gene flow from Arctic relatives during QTP hypothermia adaptation, andcis-regulatory elements during hypoxic response and UV protection.
Ablation of CD8+ T cell recognition of an immunodominant epitope in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3
Authors: Swaminathan Srividhya , Lineburg Katie E. , Panikkar Archana , Raju Jyothy , Murdolo Lawton D. , Szeto Christopher , Crooks Pauline , Le Texier Laetitia , Rehan Sweera , Dewar-Oldis Michael J. , Barnard Peter J. , Ambalathingal George R. , Neller Michelle A. , Short Kirsty R. , Gras Stephanie , Khanna Rajiv , Smith Corey
Published: October 2022

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised concerns of escape from vaccine-induced immunity. A number of studies have demonstrated a reduction in antibody-mediated neutralization of the Omicron variant in vaccinated individuals. Preliminary observations have suggested that T cells are less likely to be affected by changes in Omicron. However, the complexity of human leukocyte antigen genetics and its impact upon immunodominant T cell epitope selection suggests that the maintenance of T cell immunity may not be universal. In this study, we describe the impact that changes in Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 have on recognition by spike-specific T cells. These T cells constitute the immunodominant CD8+ T cell response in HLA-A*29:02+ COVID-19 convalescent and vaccinated individuals; however, they fail to recognize the Omicron-encoded sequence. These observations demonstrate that in addition to evasion of antibody-mediated immunity, changes in Omicron variants can also lead to evasion of recognition by immunodominant T cell responses.
Spin-orbital Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in single Kondo molecular magnet
Authors: Xia Hui-Nan , Minamitani Emi , Žitko Rok , Liu Zhen-Yu , Liao Xin , Cai Min , Ling Zi-Heng , Zhang Wen-Hao , Klyatskaya Svetlana , Ruben Mario , Fu Ying-Shuang
Published: October 2022

Studies of single-spin objects are essential for designing emergent quantum states. We investigate a molecular magnet Tb2Pc3 interacting with a superconducting Pb(111) substrate, which hosts unprecedented Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) subgap states, dubbed spin-orbital YSR states. Upon adsorption of the molecule on Pb, the degeneracy of its lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) is lifted, and the lower LUMO forms a radical spin via charge transfer. This leads to Kondo screening and subgap states. Intriguingly, the YSR states display two pairs of resonances with clearly distinct behavior. The energy of the inner pair exhibits prominent inter and intra molecular variation, and it strongly depends on the tip height. The outer pair, however, shifts only slightly. As is unveiled through theoretical calculations, the two pairs of YSR states originate from the ligand spin and charge-fluctuating higher LUMO, coexisting in a single molecule, but only weakly coupled presumably due to different spatial distribution. Our work paves the way for understanding complex many-body excitations and constructing molecule-based topological superconductivity.
Foldable three dimensional neural electrode arrays for simultaneous brain interfacing of cortical surface and intracortical multilayers
Authors: Lee Ju Young , Park Sang Hoon , Kim Yujin , Cho Young Uk , Park Jaejin , Hong Jung-Hoon , Kim Kyubeen , Shin Jongwoon , Ju Jeong Eun , Min In Sik , Sang Mingyu , Shin Hyogeun , Jeong Ui-Jin , Gao Yuyan , Li Bowen , Zhumbayeva Aizhan , Kim Kyung Yeun , Hong Eun-Bin , Nam Min-Ho , Jeon Hojeong , Jung Youngmee , Cheng Huanyu , Cho Il-Joo , Yu Ki Jun
Published: October 2022

Challenges in the understanding of three-dimensional (3D) brain networks by simultaneously recording both surface and intracortical areas of brain signals remain due to the difficulties of constructing mechanical design and spatial limitations of the implanted sites. Here, we present a foldable and flexible 3D neural prosthetic that facilitates the 3D mapping of complex neural circuits with high spatiotemporal dynamics from the intracortical to cortical region. This device is the tool to map the 3D neural transmission through sophisticatedly designed four flexible penetrating shanks and surface electrode arrays in one integrated system. We demonstrate the potential possibilities of identifying correlations of neural activities from the intracortical area to cortical regions through continuous monitoring of electrophysiological signals. We also exploited the structural properties of the device to record synchronized signals of single spikes evoked by unidirectional total whisker stimulation. This platform offers opportunities to clarify unpredictable 3D neural pathways and provides a next-generation neural interface.
Enhancing mechanical properties of flash-spun filaments by pressure-induced phase separation control in supercritical high-density polyethylene solution
Authors: Wee Jae-Hyung , Bae Younghwan , Cho Nam Pil , Kim Moo Sung , Lee Won Jun , Yeo Sang Young
Published: October 2022

Flash-spun nonwoven (FS-NW) is gaining attention in the PPE field due to its excellent barrier and mechanical properties resulting from its non-uniform diameter distribution and unique filament morphology. The unique network structure of flash-spun filaments (FSF) comprising the FS-NW can be controlled by phase separation behavior in the supercritical fluid (SCF) process. This study proposes a simple method to control the microstructure of FSFs by controlling the pressure-induced phase separation (PIPS) process in polymer/SCF solution. This phase separation behavior of an HDPE/SCF solution was confirmed by using a high-pressure view cell. A multistage nozzle allowing for phase-separated pressure to form different phases was also designed. HDPE-FSFs were synthesized by flash-spinning, and their morphology, crystallinity, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the filaments obtained by PSP control at 220 °C and with an HDPE concentration of 8 wt% showed a network structure composed of strands, wherein the diameters ranged from 1.39 to 40.9 μm. Optimal FSF was obtained at 76 bar, with a crystallinity of 64.0% and a tenacity of 2.88 g/d. The PIPS method can thus effectively control the microstructure more feasibly than temperature- or solvent-induced techniques and can allow the effective synthesis of various products.
The surgical management trends of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: 5-year experience in one institution
Authors: Qin Jie , Zhong Weiyang , Quan Zhengxue
Published: October 2022

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) have gradually become a health threat to elderly individuals. Treatment options are controversial, and many challenges remain. Our study aimed to investigate the management trends of OVCFs at a single institution, covering all cases of OVCFs between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. A total of 938 OVCF patients were reviewed, and OVCFs were most common in patients over 70 years old. The hospital stay, surgery haemorrhage rate and total cost decreased year by year. The number of patients with previous OVCFs varied from 123 in 2016 to 83 in 2020. The average bone mineral density (BMD) of the patients generally decreased year by year. In OVCF treatments, the rate of PV or PK increased from 93.86% in 2016 to 98.98% in 2020, while the rate of PV combined with pedicle fixation decreased from 6.14% in 2012 to 1.12% in 2020. Most patients were treated with bisphosphonates, and only 2 patients were treated with teriparatide. The visual analogue scale scores significantly improved at the final follow-up compared with the preoperative values. The rate of previous fractures was correlated with BMD, while there were no correlations with sex, age, or anti-osteoporosis treatment. In conclusion, the 5-year incidence of OVCFs increased and average patient BMD worsened by year. Although the total cost is continuously decreasing, poor adherence to anti-osteoporosis treatments and the prevention of refracture create more severe challenges.
Investigation of transverse crack spacing in an asphalt pavement with a semi-rigid base
Authors: Chen Jiangcai , Li Hengzhen , Zhao Zihong , Hou Xiangchen , Luo Junhui , Xie Cheng , Liu Haobin , Ren Tianzeng , Huang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2022

Transverse cracking is a serious problem for semi-rigid base asphalt pavement. The shrinkage of the base course and the surface course, as well as reflective cracks, are key factors for transverse cracking in asphalt pavement. Crack spacing can directly reflect the degree of transverse cracking in pavements. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the transverse crack spacing and discuss its affecting factors. To this end, a calculation model of transverse crack spacing for the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement was first established. Then, the transverse crack spacings of different composite structures were calculated, and the influences of the shrinkage coefficient, the structural layer thickness, and the pavement tensile strength on transverse crack spacing were expounded. Finally, the transverse crack spacing of the pavement after the appearance of the reflective was calculated. The results show that the lower lime and fly ash content and skeleton gap gradation can be adopted during the design of the base course. Meanwhile, the lower lime and fly ash content in the macadam base, the skeleton gap gradation and asphalt concrete with a larger particle size in the surface layer can be used during the design of surface layer. In addition, the transverse crack spacing of the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement could be increased by reducing the shrinkage coefficient, increasing the thicknesses of the surface course and the base course, and improving the tensile strength of the pavement. After the appearance of reflective cracks, the transverse crack spacing of the surface layer ranged between 32.8 m and 66.5 m. 15fp-AC25, 15fp-AC20, 15df-AC25, and 17fp-AC25 were found to be the best semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structures to reduce transverse cracking. Finally, transverse cracking in pavement composite structures under different bonding conditions needs to be analyzed in the follow-up work.
A novel anti-TNF-α drug ozoralizumab rapidly distributes to inflamed joint tissues in a mouse model of collagen induced arthritis
Authors: Oyama Shohei , Ebina Kosuke , Etani Yuki , Hirao Makoto , Kyuuma Masanao , Fujii Yasuyuki , Iwata Katsuya , Ogawa Bunichiro , Hasegawa Tomoya , Kawano Sasagu , Nakanishi Yutaka , Okada Seiji , Nakata Ken
Published: October 2022

In clinical studies, the next-generation anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) single domain antibody ozoralizumab showed high clinical efficacy shortly after the subcutaneous injection. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the rapid onset of the effects of ozoralizumab, we compared the biodistribution kinetics of ozoralizumab and adalimumab after subcutaneous injection in an animal model of arthritis. Alexa Fluor 680-labeled ozoralizumab and adalimumab were administered by subcutaneous injection once (2 mg/kg) at five weeks after induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in an animal arthritis model. The time-course of changes in the fluorescence intensities of the two compounds in the paws and serum were evaluated. The paws of the CIA mice were harvested at four and eight hours after the injection for fluorescence microscopy. Biofluorescence imaging revealed better distribution of ozoralizumab to the joint tissues than of adalimumab, as early as at four hours after the injection. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a greater fluorescence intensity of ozoralizumab in the joint tissues than that of adalimumab at eight hours after the injection. Ozoralizumab showed a significantly higher absorption rate constant as compared with adalimumab. These results indicate that ozoralizumab enters the systemic circulation more rapidly and is distributed to the target tissues earlier and at higher levels than conventional IgG antibodies. Our investigation provides new insight into the mechanism underlying the rapid onset of the effects of ozoralizumab in clinical practice.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is attenuated for replication in a polarized human lung epithelial cell model
Authors: Mache Christin , Schulze Jessica , Holland Gudrun , Bourquain Daniel , Gensch Jean-Marc , Oh Djin-Ye , Nitsche Andreas , Dürrwald Ralf , Laue Michael , Wolff Thorsten
Published: October 2022

SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants of concern remain a major threat for global health. Here we introduce an infection model based upon polarized human Alveolar Epithelial Lentivirus immortalized (hAELVi) cells grown at the air–liquid interface to estimate replication and epidemic potential of respiratory viruses in the human lower respiratory tract. hAELVI cultures are highly permissive for different human coronaviruses and seasonal influenza A virus and upregulate various mediators following virus infection. Our analysis revealed a significantly reduced capacity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants to propagate in this human model compared to earlier D614G and Delta variants, which extends early risk assessments from epidemiological and animal studies suggesting a reduced pathogenicity of Omicron.
Insensitive nitrogen-rich compounds with a planar 2D configuration based on an imidazole–tetrazole
Authors: Qin Yaqi , Yang Feng , Xu Yuangang , Wang Pengcheng , Lin Qiuhan , Lu Ming
Published: October 2022

A planar nitrogen rich energetic material, NABTI, with layered molecular stacking was synthesized by a simple method.
Halide-bridged tetranuclear organocopper(i) clusters supported by indolyl-based NCN pincer ligands and their catalytic activities towards the hydrophosphination of alkenes
Authors: Yuan Qingbing , Huang Zeming , Wu Weikang , Hong Dongjing , Zhu Shan , Wei Jieding , Zhou Shuangliu , Wang Shaowu
Published: October 2022

Well-defined tetranuclear Cu(i) clusters bearing indolyl-based NCN pincer ligands exhibited high catalytic activities towards the hydrophosphination of alkenes.
Exploring the hygroscopicity, water diffusivity, and viscosity of organic–inorganic aerosols – a case study on internally-mixed citric acid and ammonium sulfate particles
Authors: Sheldon Craig S. , Choczynski Jack M. , Morton Katie , Palacios Diaz Teresa , Davis Ryan D. , Davies James F.
Published: October 2022

Internally-mixed aerosol particles containing organic molecules and inorganic salts exhibit hygroscopic growth, viscosity and diffusion properties that have a non-linear dependence on composition.
High-efficiency and simple synthesis of Ti3C2Tx nanoscrolls by surface energy modulation and cryogenic freezing
Authors: Tan Ke , Liu Sen , Liu Yang , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou
Published: October 2022

Ti3C2Tx nanoscrolls are highly efficiently transformed from sheets by lyophilization with finely regulating the feed concentration and surface energy of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets dispersion.
Uniform-embeddable-distributed Ni3S2 cocatalyst inside and outside a sheet-like ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Lin Bo , Ren Xin , Chen Zihao , Xiao Hang , Xu Baorong , Chong Ben , Yang Guidong
Published: October 2022

Uniform-embeddable-distributed Ni3S2 cocatalyst introduces abundant exposed active sites and accelerates charge transfer for the ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst towards high-efficiency photocatalytic H2 evolution.
1,4-Dideoxy-1,4-imino-d- andl-lyxitol-based inhibitors bind to Golgi α-mannosidase II in different protonation forms
Authors: Kóňa Juraj , Šesták Sergej , Wilson Iain B. H. , Poláková Monika
Published: October 2022

A binding mechanism of selective inhibitors of Golgi α-mannosidase II was elucidated by pKaand FMO-PIEDA calculations. SyntheticN-substituted imino-d-lyxitol inhibitors were evaluated with four enzymes from the glycoside hydrolase GH38 family.
One-pot synthesis of dimerized arenes and heteroarenes under mild conditions using Co(i) as an active catalyst
Authors: Pal Adwitiya , Thakur Arunabha
Published: October 2022

A cheap and robust methodology for dimerization of arenes and heteroarenes with new Co(i) as an active catalyst at room temperature in a shorter time.
A dual-strategy of interface and reconstruction engineering to boost efficient alkaline water and seawater oxidation
Authors: Guo Dongxue , Zong Mengya , Zhao Zhe , Fan Cunzheng , Wang Danhong
Published: October 2022

Core–shell-structured NiMoO4@NiFe LDH was designed as a precatalyst efficiently for both water and seawater oxidation. Deep and rapid reconstruction was probed byin situRaman spectroscopy. Ni(Fe)OOH was determined as truly active species for the OER.
Two-dimensional materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Jun Sang Eon , Lee Jae Kwan , Jang Ho Won
Published: October 2022

This review summarizes the superiorities and utilizations of 2D materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting including transition metal dichalcogenides, graphene, graphdiyne, black phosphorus, layered double hydroxides, g-C3N4, and MXenes.
Graph convolutional reinforcement learning for resource allocation in hybrid overlay–underlay cognitive radio network with network slicing
Authors: Yuan Siyu , Zhang Yong , Ma Tengteng , Cheng Zhenjie , Da Guo
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, wireless communication system is facing the problems of spectrum resource shortage. Cognitive radio technology allows cognitive users to use the spectrums authorized to primary users to improve the spectrum utilization. In this paper, a cognitive network model based on hybrid overlay–underlay spectrum access mode is established. To solve the resource allocation problem, a multi‐agent resource allocation algorithm based on graph convolution reinforcement learning which combines deep Q network (DQN) and graph attention network is proposed. DQN is used for action selection and graph attention network is used to obtain the information about neighbours, so as to achieve local cooperation. The proposed algorithm can adaptively optimize cognitive network throughput, spectrum efficiency, or power efficiency by controlling the transmission power and channel selection of cognitive users. To improve the information interaction efficiency, the agent's states are divided into two categories, whether it needs to interact with neighbours or not, which shortens training time and improves convergence speed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the power efficiency of cognitive networks. Compared with Q‐learning, DQN and exiting graph convolutional reinforcement learning algorithm, the proposed algorithm has faster convergence speed and higher stability, and obtains higher network power efficiency.
Co‐planning of generation and transmission expansion planning for network resiliency improvement against extreme weather conditions and uncertainty of resiliency sources
Authors: Zare Ghaleh Seyyedi Abbas , Mahmoudi Rashid Sara , Akbari Ehsan , Nejati Seyed Ashkan , Khalafian Farshad , Siano Pierluigi
Published: October 2022

Generation and transmission expansion increase the flexibility of power systems and hence their ability to deal with contingency. This paper presents a resilient‐constrained generation and transmission expansion planning (RCGTEP) model considering the occurrence of earthquakes and floods. The proposed model minimizes the investment and operation costs of resiliency sources (RSs) and resiliency (blackout) costs arising from the outage of the network against the occurrence of extreme conditions. For further consideration, uncertainties of load and RSs availability are included as a Stochastic programming model. A hybrid solver of teaching‐learning‐based optimization (TLBO) and krill herd optimization (KHO) is used to solve the proposed problem and achieve the optimal solution, including a low standard deviation in the final optimal response. The model is tested using a modified version of the IEEE 6‐Bus and IEEE 89‐Bus transmission networks. Numerical results show the potential of the mentioned approach to improve indices of operation, economics, and resiliency in the transmission network.
The feasibility of continuous basalt fibre‐reinforced polymer application to composite cross‐arms
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Zhang Mingjia , Liu Hechen , Ma Yunfan , Wang Wanxian , Dai Xiaohan , Liu Jie
Published: October 2022

Composite cross‐arms have the advantages of high lightning resistance but impose onerous requirements on mechanical and insulation reliability. Traditional glass fibre composites fail to meet the needs of practical applications. Basalt fibre exhibits better mechanical properties and stability than glass fibre and has potential application value. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of its application to composite cross‐arms. The mechanical, electrical, and physical properties of basalt fibre‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) were investigated and compared with glass fibre‐reinforced polymer (GFRP). The results indicate that BFRP has better thermal stability and mechanical properties than GFRP. Among them, the temperature at the maximum weight loss rate of BFRP is 14°C higher than that of GFRP, and the tensile and flexural modulus of BFRP is 43% and 29% higher than those of GFRP. Furthermore, the dielectric losses of BFRP and GFRP at 50 Hz are 2%, and the breakdown field strength is 22 kV/mm, both of which have the same insulation properties. BFRP meets the requirements of composite cross‐arm for quality and reliability to ensure the safety and stability of transmission lines. However, the interlaminar shear test and SEM show weak interfacial bonding strength between basalt fibre and resin. Furthermore, micro‐computed tomography scanning of BFRP and GFRP and 3D construction of their internal microstructures indicate that the pore defect content of BFRP reaches 0.034%, which far exceeds that of GFRP. These findings show that the wettability and adhesion between basalt fibre and resin must be improved. Developing special sizing agents for basalt fibre is necessary further to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of BFRP.
Improvement of two grid power factor control methods for matrix converter open‐end‐winding drive with common‐mode voltage elimination supplied by unbalanced grid
Authors: Stanić Luka , Ristić Leposava , Bebić Milan , Rivera Marco
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates space‐vector‐modulation (SVM) technique that uses only rotating space vectors to drive a direct matrix converter (DMC) with zero common‐mode voltage (CMV). Two methods for controlling grid power factor have been proposed in the literature for such a drive. Until now, analysis has been limited to balanced grid conditions. However, total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid currents significantly increases under unbalanced conditions. Hence, the aims of this paper are: (1) derivation of DMC model consisting of general equations for output voltages and input currents, written in the complex form. (2) Analysis and comparison of two existing methods for grid power factor control under balanced grid conditions, by using the previously derived model. (3) Proposal of extended versions of both methods in order to improve converter's performance under unbalanced grid conditions. The proposed control strategy aims to achieve sinusoidal currents and maintain the same power factor on the grid side while completely compensating grid unbalance on the load side. (4) Determination of the maximum transfer ratio under balanced and unbalanced grid conditions. Experimental results with Hardware In the Loop (HIL) are provided to verify the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Properties of flare events based on light curves from the TESS survey
Authors: Yang Zilu , Zhang Liyun , Meng Gang , Han Xianming L. , Misra Prabhakar , Yang Jiawei , Pi Qingfeng
Published: October 2022

Aims. A stellar flare is a strong energy burst event. Understanding stellar flares is important for determining the properties of stellar magnetic activities. We aim to perform detailed statistical analyses on stellar flare characteristics in terms of the different stellar parameters using the light curves of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) survey from July 2018 to October 2020.

Methods. By using repeated fitting to differentiate stellar background light curves from flare events, we precisely detected 60 810 flare events on 13 478 stars from sectors 1–30 of the TESS data and determined the flare parameters. After cross-matching our samples with the Gaia survey, we obtained more stellar parameters to determine the relationship between flare parameters and stellar parameters.

Results. The fraction of flaring stars decreases as stellar temperatures increase in the region of 2500–6500 K and stellar mass increases from 0.08 to 1.4 M⊙. The flare energies increase as the stellar temperature and the stellar mass decrease. There is a weak relationship between flare amplitude and Ro. We also confirm that M-type stars produce flares more frequently than F-, G-, and K-type stars. We find that the proportion of flaring stars increases from M0 to M5, and decreases from M5 to M7. We obtain a power-law index of 1.83 ± 0.15 for the cumulative flare frequency distribution. The index shows a decreasing trend from F- to K-type stars, and M-type stars rise for dwarf samples. The fraction of flaring stars decreases as the vertical absolute height increases in the range 0–200 pc but this fraction is stable in the range 200–800 pc. We find that eclipsing binary stars show more frequent flares than single stars.
Economic Analysis of Two Heat Pumps to Recover Heat from Circulating Water
Authors: Zhang Hu , Lao Jinxu
Published: October 2022

The use of heat pump to recover the condensing heat of the unit can realize the cascade utilization of energy, improve the utilization efficiency of energy, not only can effectively increase the heating capacity of the unit, but also can improve the use efficiency of heating extraction steam, so as to improve the economy of the thermal power plant. Heat pumps suitable for use in power plants can be divided into absorption heat pumps and compression heat pumps. Which type of heat pump is more economical needs specific judgment for the specific application environment. In this paper, a specific example is used to compare the economy of the two heat pump systems. The calculation results show that the economy of the compressed heat pump is better than that of the absorption heat pump only when the COP of the compressed heat pump is greater than the critical value, and the waste heat recovery ability and water saving performance of the compressed heat pump are better.
Decoupling Energy Consumption from Economic Growth in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from 2005 to 2019
Authors: An Jingxin
Published: October 2022

As the capital economic circle in China, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has experienced rapid economic development depending on a large amount of fossil fuel energy consumption in decades. Based on Tapio decoupling index, this paper logically analyzes the nexus between economic growth and energy consumption in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2005 to 2019. An interesting result is obtained: except for the strong decoupling state in 2012-2013, the relationship between economy and energy consumption showed weak decoupling state for the rest of the research period. In addition, the decoupling elasticity coefficient of weak decoupling varies greatly in different years. The empirical results suggest that adjust economic development mode and transform energy consumption structure are the most necessary means for the future coordinated development of energy-economy-environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.