bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Operation of Animal Shelters to Minimize Unnecessary Euthanasia: A Case Study in the Seoul Capital Area
Authors: Kang Jun Hyeok , Han Jinil
Published: November 2019

To build a sustainable social system in the future, the promotion of animal welfare, as well as human welfare, is essential. In this study, we address the issues related to animal euthanasia that are commonly encountered in animal shelters. Many animals entering an animal shelter are euthanized in shelters due to the lack of physical facilities, and new strategies are needed to reduce such euthanasia. For this purpose, we show that it is possible to reduce euthanasia numbers by utilizing the space resources of the animal shelters efficiently and by sharing these space resources appropriately among shelters. To achieve this, we propose mathematical optimization models that determine operational schedules of given shelters with the objective of minimizing euthanasia rates. To demonstrate the superiority of our approaches, we conducted a case study at the animal shelters in the Seoul capital area. Through the case study, we show that operating schedules obtained from our model can reduce euthanasia significantly, 30% on average, due to the efficient utilization of facility space in the shelters. We demonstrate that our approaches can have a high impact on improving animal welfare in shelters if they are properly combined with strategies encouraging adoptions.
The Application of Passive Radiative Cooling in Greenhouses
Authors: Liu Chia-Hsin , Ay Chyung , Tsai Chun-Yu , Lee Maw-Tien
Published: November 2019

At present, greenhouses are used to grow a variety of crops around the world. However, with the change of climate, the increasingly harsh weather makes it more and more disadvantageous for people to work inside, and plants are difficult to grow. Previous research has illustrated that radiative cooling can be realized by using certain nonmetal oxide particles created for emission in an infrared atmospheric transparency window, which is an environmentally friendly cooling method due to reducing energy consumption. Polyethylene (PE)-based formulations with a UV stabilizer and nonmetal oxide particles (NOP) were first granulated and then formed a monolayer film by co-injection molding. The experimental results show that due to passive radiative cooling, under the environmental conditions of 35 °C, and only considering the natural convection heat transfer, the net cooling power of the greenhouse film developed in this study is 28 W·m−2 higher than that of the conventional PE film. The temperature inside the simulated greenhouse cladded with the new greenhouse covering was on average 2.2 °C less than that of the greenhouse with the conventional PE film.
Integrating Basic Urban Services for Better Sanitation Outcomes
Authors: Scott Rebecca , Scott Pippa , Hawkins Peter , Blackett Isabel , Cotton Andrew , Lerebours Alix
Published: November 2019

Rapid urbanization in developing countries demands better integration of planning and delivery of basic services if cities are to be sustainable, healthy and safe. Sanitation improvements are commonly overlooked as investments go towards more visible services such as water supplies and drainage networks. The Sustainable Development Goal for sanitation and hygiene currently remains severely off-track. This paper presents the findings of a Delphi method survey to identify expert consensus on both why and how to integrate sanitation, by which we mean both sewered and non-sewered sanitation services, into other basic urban services (including water supply, drainage, energy and roads) to achieve better sanitation and broader development outcomes, notably for poor citizens. Consensus on why integration is important highlights the physical interdependence of services, where neglect of one service can compromise gains from another investment or service. Consensus on how includes actions to address political priorities and leadership; governance and capacity constraints; clearer planning, procurement and financing mechanisms; and adopting incremental approaches matched to wider urban strategies. It was suggested that achieving these actions would improve accountability, monitoring and service level audits. Experience from previous integrated urban programmes should be incorporated into formulating new sanitation service agreements across all service types. Supported by better-informed dialogue and decision-making between those responsible for urban sanitation and for associated basic services, we suggest integrated and incremental approaches will enable more sustainable urban services planning to achieve ‘quality of life’ outcomes for poor urban residents.
Consumer Habits of Local Food: Perspectives from Northern Sweden
Authors: Nicolosi Agata , Laganà Valentina Rosa , Laven Daniel , Marcianò Claudio , Skoglund Wilhelm
Published: November 2019

International studies are dealing with the promotion of sustainable food systems more frequently. Additionally, places of purchase and sharing in the choice of food to be consumed have become a network system for families. The aim of this work is to analyse the preferences of Swedish consumers for local/artisanal cheeses and the purchase motivations that guide their choices. We also studied the role played by consumers’ favourite shopping locations (retail store, hypermarket, city market, supply chain). On the one hand, we examined the attractiveness and the power exercised by the various stores and on the other hand, we viewed the consumer in relation to the frequency of purchase, and the confidence with the sales points. We interviewed 200 people in the city of Östersund, highlighting habits, consumption preferences and reasons for purchasing. A multiple correspondence analysis explores the reasons behind the purchase preferences of the local ‘Källarlagrad getost’ artisan cheese from the Slow Food brand. The representations of social network analysis are used to show the complex articulations that influence the choices of consumers in terms of type of cheese purchased/consumed and places of purchase/consumption. The results showed that Swedish consumers, in the purchase of cheeses, have a loyalty point at the point of sale, follow the advice of the seller and are attentive to the reputation of the product. Those who buy Källarlagrad getost are sensitive to safety, appreciate artisan cheeses and choose them for their versatility, have a strong connection with the territory and wish to contribute to supporting the local economy. Knowing these characteristics and preferences of Swedish consumers living in a city in the north of the country is important for marketing activities and for promoting tourism and sustainable gastronomy.
Modeling and Prediction of the Uniformity of Spray Liquid Coverage from Flat Fan Spray Nozzles
Authors: Kluza Paweł A. , Kuna-Broniowska Izabela , Parafiniuk Stanisław
Published: November 2019

The effectiveness and quality of agricultural spraying largely depends on the technical efficiency of the nozzles installed in agricultural sprayers. The uniform spraying of plants results in a decrease in the amount of pesticides used in agricultural production and affects environmental safety. Both newly developed sprayers and those currently in use need quality control as well as an assessment of the performance of the spraying process, especially its uniformity. However, the models applied presently do not ensure accurate estimates or predictions of the spray liquid coverage uniformity of the treated surface. Generally, the distribution of the atomized liquid quantity is symmetrical and leptokurtic, which means that it does not fit well to the commonly used standard distribution. Therefore, there is a need to develop and design new tools for the evaluation, modeling, and prediction of such a process. The research problem studied in the present work was to find a new model for the distribution of atomized liquid quantity that could provide capabilities better than have been available so far to assess and predict the spraying process results. The research problem was solved through the formulation of a new function for the probability density distribution of sprayed liquid accumulation on the surface of the preset dimension size. The development of the new model was based on the results from a series of water atomization tests with an appropriate measurement device design based on the widely applied flat fan nozzles (AZ-MM type).
Food Rescue Intervention Evaluations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hecht Amelie A. , Neff Roni A.
Published: November 2019

Food rescue, the practice of gathering food that could otherwise be wasted and redirecting it for human consumption, represents a critical opportunity to improve food security and reduce waste. As global interest in reducing hunger and food waste grows, better insight is needed to assess and compare the effectiveness of different models of food rescue. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies evaluating food rescue interventions with the aim of synthesizing findings and comparing methodologies. We searched PubMed, Academic Search Ultimate, and Science Citation Index for studies published worldwide, in English, through June 2019. Studies were included that: a) evaluated an existing or proposed food rescue intervention and, b) quantitatively or qualitatively measured the intervention impact. All nineteen included studies were observational and the intervention types ranged widely. The most commonly reported metric was the weight of food recovered. Few studies reported client outcome measures. The included studies suggested promising effects of food rescue interventions, including positive return on investment, decreased environmental burden, large quantities of food rescued and clients served, and high stakeholder satisfaction. Comparison across studies was challenging, however, due to inconsistent metrics and insufficiently detailed methodology. This review documents a need for additional evaluation of food rescue interventions and recommends a standardized methodology. Additional dialogue among key stakeholders is warranted to develop consistent, meaningful metrics to assess food rescue.
Influences of Extreme Precipitation on China’s Mining Industry
Authors: Liu Yuanzhe , Song Wei
Published: November 2019

Global climate change is increasingly influencing the economic system. With the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, the influences of climate change on the economic system are no longer limited to the agricultural sector, but extend to the industrial system. However, there is little research on the influences of climate change on industrial economic systems. Among the different sectors of the industrial economic system, the mining industry is more sensitive to the influences of climate change. Here, taking the mining industry as an example, we analyzed the influences of extreme precipitation on the mining industry using the trans-logarithm production function. In addition, the marginal output elasticity analysis method was employed to analyze the main factors influencing the mining industry. It was found that the mining investment in fixed assets, labor input, and technical progress could promote the development of the mining economy, while the extreme precipitation suppressed the growth of the mining industry. The increase in fixed asset investment and the technical progress could enhance the resistance of the mining industry to extreme precipitation, while there was no indication that labor input can reduce the influences of extreme precipitation.
Toward Knowledge-Based Economy: Innovation and Transformational Leadership in Public Universities in Texas and Qatar
Authors: Al-Mansoori Reem S. , Koç Muammer
Published: November 2019

The essentiality of the universities’ roles in enhancing economies and transforming societies is a global mantra. However, when it comes to wealthy and oil-dependent states such as Texas in the United States and Qatar in the Middle East, the impact of universities on sustainable economic development is questionable. This article discusses the transformational efforts within engineering colleges at two public universities in Texas and in Qatar to support their states’ visions in moving toward innovative and knowledge-based economies. The study examined the innovation capacity building of both institutions through measuring the transformational leadership styles in engineering colleges and its impact on the faculty’s innovative production of technical articles, patents, and sustainable development-related courses. The cultural impact of the two contexts on the leader–follower relationship was addressed in the discussion using Hofstede’s cultural dimension framework. The results showed that leaders in both colleges possess a transformational leadership style, albeit lower than the norm. This study disclosed that, in the high-power distance contexts, the idealized image of the leader contributed positively toward higher satisfaction of the followers with their leaders and current governance systems, while acknowledgment and rewards were the sources of satisfaction in low-power distance societies. Followers in a low uncertainty avoidance, individualistic, and short-term-oriented context achieved higher technical production. Both public universities expressed the need for government involvement in supporting the culture of innovation.
The Negative Influence of Native-Speakerism on the Sustainability of Linguistic and Cultural Diversities of Localized Variants of English: A Study of Local and Expatriate Teachers in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Kumju , Yim Su Yon
Published: November 2019

This study explores teacher identities of native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) and non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs) based on interview data collected from twenty teachers who teach English to young learners in South Korean primary schools. The participants comprised ten NESTs and ten NNESTs. Bourdieu’s concept of three pillars was used to explore hegemonic relations between NESTs and NNESTs. The interview analysis showed that two different types of symbolic capital—one specified as native-speakerism and the other concretized as qualified tenured teacher positions—shape the dynamic nature of hegemonic relations that have constructed an antagonistic collective habitus between NESTs and NNESTs. This study revealed that power fluctuations and lack of institutional cultural capital shaped NESTs and NNESTs’ fragmented teacher identities which increased their dissatisfaction with their current roles. Bourdieu’s concepts provide a sociological vocabulary for understanding NESTs and NNESTs’ teacher identities and social status trajectories. This study provides an important theoretical and policy implication that English education practices and policies based on the ideology of native-speakerism fortify students’ preference for native English and negative attitudes towards localized variants of English which threatens the sustainability of linguistic and cultural diversities of localized variants of English.
Exploring the Environmental Performance of Urban Symbiosis for Vertical Hydroponic Farming
Authors: Martin Michael , Poulikidou Sofia , Molin Elvira
Published: November 2019

Vertical farming has emerged in urban areas as an approach to provide more resilient food production. However, a substantial share of the material requirements come from outside their urban environments. With urban environments producing a large share of residual and waste streams, extensive potential exists to employ these material and energy streams as inputs in urban farming systems to promote more circular economy approaches. The aim of this article is to assess the environmental performance of employing residual material flows for vertical hydroponic farming in urban environments in order to support more circular, resilient, and sustainable urban food supply. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to assess replacing conventional growing media and fertilizers with urban residual streams. Paper, compost, and brewers’ spent grains were assessed for replacements to conventional gardening soil employed in the studied system. Biogas digestate was also assessed as a replacement for conventional fertilizers used in the recirculating water bath. The results suggest that large environmental performance benefits are illustrated when conventional growing media is replaced. Although not as significant, employing fertilizers from residual urban streams also leads to large potential benefits, suggesting the two residual streams have the potential for more circular hydroponic systems.
Land Use Changes and Their Perception in the Hinterland of Barranquilla, Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Schubert Henry , Rauchecker Markus , Caballero Calvo Andrés , Schütt Brigitta
Published: November 2019

The coastal strip of the western peri-urban area of Barranquilla in the Atlántico Department (Colombia) is experiencing changes in human-environment interactions through infrastructure, residential, and tourism projects in a vulnerable landscape. In the hilly area, fragments of biodiverse tropical dry forest still exist in various states of conservation and degradation. To understand the interrelated social, economic, and ecological transformations in the area, we analyzed land use change on the local scale including the local community’s perception, because the local community is a key actor for sustainable land use. For the analysis of the interrelated social, economic, and ecological processes, we combined visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, on-site field land use mapping, and a spatial statistical analysis of the distribution of land use classes with in-depth interviews and a participatory GIS workshop, thus benefitting from the complementary methodological strengths of these approaches. The case study is the rural community of El Morro, which exhibits the typical social, economic, and ecological changes of the coastal strip of the western peri-urban area of Barranquilla. The local community perceives a continuous loss of forest area, but observations from on-site field mapping cannot confirm this linear trend. We observed a gradual replacement of traditional land uses such as smallholder agriculture, charcoal production, and cattle breeding by services for tourism, gated community projects for urban dwellers, and infrastructure projects; these spatial developments have several characteristics of rural gentrification. We conclude that the drivers of environmental degradation have changed and the degradation increased. The development projects of external companies have been rejected by the local community and have induced environmental consciousness among community members. Thus, the local community has become an advocate for sustainable land use in the study area.
Lifetime Analysis of Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Transportation
Authors: Haidl Peter , Buchroithner Armin , Schweighofer Bernhard , Bader Michael , Wegleiter Hannes
Published: November 2019

On the path to a low-carbon future, advancements in energy storage seem to be achieved on a nearly daily basis. However, for the use-case of sustainable transportation, only a handful of technologies can be considered, as these technologies must be reliable, economical, and suitable for transportation applications. This paper describes the characteristics and aging process of two well-established and commercially available technologies, namely Lithium-Ion batteries and supercaps, and one less known system, flywheel energy storage, in the context of public transit buses. Beyond the obvious use-case of onboard energy storage, stationary buffer storage inside the required fast-charging stations for the electric vehicles is also discussed. Calculations and considerations are based on actual zero-emission buses operating in Graz, Austria. The main influencing parameters and effects related to energy storage aging are analyzed in detail. Based on the discussed aging behavior, advantages, disadvantages, and a techno-economic analysis for both use-cases is presented. A final suitability assessment of each energy storage technology concludes the use-case analysis.
Institutional Innovation for Nature-Based Coastal Adaptation: Lessons from Salt Marsh Restoration in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Rahman H. M. Tuihedur , Sherren Kate , van Proosdij Danika
Published: November 2019

Sea-levels have been rising at a faster rate than expected. Because of the maladaptive outcomes of engineering-based hard coastal protection infrastructure, policy makers are looking for alternative adaptation approaches to buffer against coastal flooding—commonly known as nature-based coastal adaptation (NbCA). However, how to implement NbCA under an institutional structure demonstrating ‘inertia’ to alternative adaptation approaches is a question that seeks scientific attention. Building on a case study derived from a highly climate-vulnerable Canadian province, this study shows how the entrepreneurial use of scientific information and institutional opportunities helped institutional actors overcome the inertia. Drawing on secondary document analysis and primary qualitative data, this study offers five key lessons to institutional actors aiming at implementing NbCA: (i) develop knowledge networks to help avoid uncertainty; (ii) identify and utilize opportunities within existing institutions; (iii) distribute roles and responsibilities among actors based on their capacity to mobilize required resources; (iv) provide entrepreneurial actors with decision-making autonomy for developing agreed-upon rules and norms; and (v) facilitate repeated interactions among institutional actors to develop a collaborative network among them. This study, therefore, helps us to understand how to implement a relatively new adaptation option by building trust-based networks among diverse and relevant institutional actors.
On a Class of Functional Differential Equations with Symmetries
Authors: Dilna Nataliya , Fečkan Michal , Rontó András
Published: November 2019

It is shown that a class of symmetric solutions of scalar non-linear functional differential equations can be investigated by using the theory of boundary value problems. We reduce the question to a two-point boundary value problem on a bounded interval and present several conditions ensuring the existence of a unique symmetric solution.
HIV-1 Impairment via UBE3A and HIV-1 Nef Interactions Utilizing the Ubiquitin Proteasome System
Authors: Pyeon Dohun , Rojas Vivian , Price Lenore , Kim Seongcheol , Singh Meharvan , Park In-Woo
Published: November 2019

Molecular basis of HIV-1 life cycle regulation has thus far focused on viral gene stage-specificity, despite the quintessence of post-function protein elimination processes in the virus life cycle and consequent pathogenesis. Our studies demonstrated that a key pathogenic HIV-1 viral protein, Nef, interacted with ubiquitin (Ub)-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A/E6AP), suggesting that interaction between Nef and UBE3A is integral to regulation of viral and cellular protein decay and thereby the competing HIV-1 and host cell survivals. In fact, Nef and UBE3A degraded reciprocally, and UBE3A-mediated degradation of Nef was significantly more potent than Nef-triggered degradation of UBE3A. Further, UBE3A degraded not only Nef but also HIV-1 structural proteins, Gag, thus significantly inhibiting HIV-1 replication in Jurkat T cells only in the presence of Nef, indicating that interaction between Nef and UBE3Awas pivotal for UBE3A-mediated degradation of the viral proteins. Mechanistic study showed that Nef and UBE3A were specific and antagonistic to each other in regulating proteasome activity and ubiquitination of cellular proteins in general, wherein specific domains of Nef overlapping with the long terminal repeat (LTR) were essential for the observed actions. Further, Nef itself reduced the level of intracellular Gag by degrading a cardinal transcription regulator, Tat, demonstrating a broad role for Nef in the regulation of the HIV-1 life cycle. Taken together, these data demonstrated that the Nef and UBE3A complex plays a crucial role in coordinating viral protein degradation and hence HIV-1 replication, providing insights as to the nature of pathobiologic and defense strategies of HIV-1 and HIV-infected host cells.
Epstein–Barr Virus BALF0 and BALF1 Modulate Autophagy
Authors: Shao Zhouwulin , Borde Chloé , Quignon Frédérique , Escargueil Alexandre , Maréchal Vincent
Published: November 2019

Autophagy is an essential catabolic process that degrades cytoplasmic components within the lysosome, therefore ensuring cell survival and homeostasis. A growing number of viruses, including members of the Herpesviridae family, have been shown to manipulate autophagy to facilitate their persistence or optimize their replication. Previous works showed that the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a human transforming gammaherpesvirus, hijacked autophagy during the lytic phase of its cycle, possibly to favor the formation of viral particles. However, the viral proteins that are responsible for an EBV-mediated subversion of the autophagy pathways remain to be characterized. Here we provide the first evidence that the BALF0/1 open reading frame encodes for two conserved proteins of the Bcl-2 family, BALF0 and BALF1, that are expressed during the early phase of the lytic cycle and can modulate autophagy. A putative LC3-interacting region (LIR) has been identified that is required both for BALF1 colocalization with autophagosomes and for its ability to stimulate autophagy.
Permeability Coefficient of Low Permeable Soils as a Single-Variable Function of Soil Parameter
Authors: Kozlowski Tomasz , Ludynia Agata
Published: November 2019

Based on the results of experimental studies concerning the filtration coefficient, the Darcianity of the observed flows for eight cohesive soils at four hydraulic gradients was analyzed. It is observed that linear dependence of flow velocity on hydraulic gradient is an approximation only, and it is the worse the more cohesive a given soil is. Despite this, Darcy’s law can be a correct approximation of the empirical relationship between hydraulic gradient and the flow velocity, also in very cohesive soils. A statistical analysis was carried out to identify correlation between soil properties and permeability coefficient. For each soil, 109 parameters were analyzed, among others applying mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic image analysis, and laser diffraction. Ultimately, three single-variable models best fitted to the experimental data were found, using the plasticity index IP as the independent variable, the average pore diameter DP, and the convexity of silt fraction particles. All model parameters are statistically significant at p < 0.05. Comparison with reference multi-variable models showed that the best fit for experimental data is observed by the model with the plasticity index, while the results suggest low usability of single-variable models with structural parameters.
An Insight into Ingredients of Toxicological Interest in Personal Care Products and A Small–Scale Sampling Survey of the Greek Market: Delineating a Potential Contamination Source for Water Resources
Authors: Emmanouil C. , Bekyrou M. , Psomopoulos C. , Kungolos A.
Published: November 2019

Wastewater is not a waste but a valuable resource that should be reused. Nevertheless, it should be devoid of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters that can harm the consumer. Along with the multitude of possible pollutants found in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), emerging pollutants, such as Personal Care Products (PCPs), have arisen. The present research examines some of the main ingredients commonly found in PCPs, focusing on their toxicological profile on their occurrence in WWTPs influents and effluents worldwide and on their persistence and biodegradability. A small-scale market sampling of PCPs was performed in Athens, Greece, in June 2019, and their individual ingredients were recorded, coded according to their main activity, scanned for the presence of ingredients of important toxicological profile, and finally analyzed for the presence of other candidates of toxicological interest. Results show that some ingredients of concern (i.e., parabens and triclosan) are a decreasing trend. On the other hand, information on the presence of synthetic musks and perfume synthesis is scarce and encumbered by brand protection. Finally, UV filters are numerous, and they are used in various combinations, while other ingredients of toxicological interest are also present. Since the reclaimed water may well be used to cover irrigation needs in Greek areas with water deficiency or to enrich bodies of surface water, it is important to know what PCP ingredients are on the rise in the market, to monitor their presence in WWTPs influents and effluents and to extend research on their environmental fate and behavior.
Phosphorus Forms and Associated Properties along an Urban–Rural Gradient in Southern China
Authors: Qin Guobing , Wu Jianfu , Zheng Xiaomei , Zhou Rongwei , Wei Zongqiang
Published: November 2019

Urbanization is widely assumed to degrade soil ecosystem services, but the changes in the urban soil phosphorus (P) status due to urbanization and the associated environmental implications have rarely been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the P forms and associated soil properties in urban soils. Thirty sites were selected along an urban–rural gradient in Nanchang, China, to examine the effects of urbanization on soil P fractions. Residual P and NaOH-extractable P (NaOH-Pi and NaOHPo) were the major P forms in the 0–30 cm of urban soils, comprising on average 37% and 43% of the total P pool, respectively, similar to the suburban and rural soils. Compared with non-urban soils, urban soil had higher contents of total P and P fractions (i.e., PH2O, PKCl, NaOH-Pi, PHCl, and residual P), as well as higher contents of related soil P-retentive properties, especially soil pH and Mehlich 3-extractable Ca and Mg. Phosphorus enrichment in the urban soils may become a source of aquatic pollution because the soil labile P content (the sum of PH2O and PKCl) was positively related to total P, PHCl, NaOH-Pi, and residual P, which implied that the labile P can be replenished by these P pools. This study increased the understanding of P stabilization characteristics (e.g., the specific P forms) of urban soils and has further implications for urban environmental management.
Study on Propellers Distribution and Flow Field in the Oxidation Ditch Based on Two-Phase CFD Model
Authors: Zhang Yuquan , Li Chengyi , Xu Yanhe , Tang Qinghong , Zheng Yuan , Liu Huiwen , Fernandez-Rodriguez E.
Published: November 2019

The oxidation ditch (OD) plays an important role in wastewater treatment plants. With increasing demand and production costs, the energy consumption and sludge deposition occurring in the OD must be diminished to enhance its development. In this paper, a two-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of water and activated sludge examined the flow field characteristics of an OD, consisting of two side-by-side propellers. The system was studied under five configurations, where the spacing between the propellers was set equal to −0.2, −0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.2 times the length of the OD. The viscosity and settling rate of activated sludge was imported in the numerical simulation through a user defined function (UDF). The optimal scheme of the propeller’s power consumption, velocity distribution, and sludge concentration distribution was obtained. The result shows that sludge concentrations are linked with dead zone velocity but not necessarily with low velocities. Experiments confirmed the validity of the velocity flow field simulated by the two-phase CFD model. Overall, these findings form the basis for the propellers distribution optimization and allow a deeper insight into the flow field of OD systems.
Experiences of primary healthcare professionals and patients from an area of urban disadvantage: a qualitative study.
Authors: Reath Jennifer , King Marlee , Kmet Walter , O'Halloran Diana , Brooker Ronald , Aspinall Diana , Bittar Hani , Seelan Thava , Burke Michael , Usherwood Tim
Published: November 2019

Background

The health disadvantage in socioeconomically marginalised urban settings can be challenging for health professionals, but strong primary health care improves health equity and outcomes.

Aim

To understand challenges and identify needs in general practices in a socioeconomically marginalised Australian setting.

Design & setting

Qualitative methodology with general practices in a disadvantaged area of western Sydney.

Method

Semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals and their patients were transcribed and analysed thematically under the guidance of a reference group of stakeholder representatives.

Results

A total of 57 participants from 17 practices (comprising 16 GPs, five GP registrars [GPRs], 15 practice staff, 10 patients, and 11 allied health professionals [AHPs]), provided a rich description of local communities and patients, and highlighted areas of satisfaction and challenges of providing high quality health care in this setting. Interviewees identified issues with health systems impacting on patients and healthcare professionals, and recommended healthcare reform. Team-based, patient-centred models of primary health care with remuneration for quality of care rather than patient throughput were strongly advocated, along with strategies to improve patient access to specialist care.

Conclusion

The needs of healthcare professionals and patients working and living in urban areas of disadvantage are not adequately addressed by the Australian health system. The authors recommend the implementation of local trials aimed at improving primary health care in areas of need, and wider health system reform in order to improve the health of those at socioeconomic and health disadvantage.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MUTASI KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. ARVENA SEPAKAT KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HULU
Authors: Hairudin Abdul
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership and work mutations on employee job satisfaction. The study was conducted with quantitative methods, namely research that describes the influence of leadership and work mutations on employee job satisfaction at PT. Arvena Sepakat Indragiri Hulu. By analyzing the data using multiple regression, correlation coefficients, and hypothesis testing which will later be assisted by using SPSS version 21. From the results of the study with the regression equation Y = 0.744 + 1.386 X1 + 0.892 X2. a = constant of 0.744 means that employee job satisfaction is 0.744 if X1 (leadership) and X2 (work mutation) are equal to 0 (zero). b1 = leadership regression coefficient of 1.386 shows that every increase in leadership by one unit and other variables (work mutations) remain, then there will be an increase in employee job satisfaction of 1.386. b2 = regression coefficient of work mutation of 0.892 shows that every increase in work mutations by one unit and other variables (leadership) remains, then there will be an increase in employee job satisfaction of 0.892. The correlation coefficient is known that R is 0.826 meaning that it has a very strong and unidirectional relationship. and then tested with the multiple determination coefficient (R2) is 0.682. this shows that (X1) leadership and (X2) work mutations together can contribute to the variable (Y) employee job satisfaction of 68.2%. And the remaining 31.8% is contributed by other variables. Hypothesis testing on a significant level = 5% where F arithmetic (83.702)> F table (3.11) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that leadership variables and work mutations together have a significant influence on employee job satisfaction at PT. Arvena Sepakat Indragiri Hulu, and based on a partial test where t counts (5,786)> from t table (1,990), then Ho is rejected by Ha, it means that leadership has a significant influence on employee job satisfaction and t count (3,665)> than t table (1,990) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means work mutation has a significant influence on employee job satisfaction.
PENGARUH THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE WALKING TERHADAP KUALITAS TIDUR KLIEN DENGAN PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKSI KRONIK (PPOK) DI RS TK II PUTRI HIJAU MEDAN
Authors: Anggeria Elis
Published: November 2019

PPOK becomes the first rank in the group of lung diseases in Indonesia, followed by bronchial asthma, lung cancer and other lung diseases. Therapeutic exercise is an action of running regular walking with hands swayed to the rhythm of the road, this action is excellent for all age levels in order to improve the quality of sleeping. The research aims to find out the effect of therapeutic walking exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in TK II Putri Hijau Medan Hospital Medan.This research used an experimental desgin by the use of quasi experimental design through pre-test and post-test paired t-test group. The research population were 9 people, and the sampling technique used in this study is saturation sampling technique by taking the entire population as samples. There is the mean difference between pretest and posttest on sleep quality by 0.56, meaning that the average quality of sleep on posttest have a better category than the average quality of sleep on pretest, which means therapeutic exercise of  walking affects quality of sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with p-value of 0,013. There isa a significant effect of therapeutic exercise of walking on sleep quality. Therapeutic exercise of walking is form of therapy that is proven to improve sleep quality, therefore, is expected that patients can perform therapeutic exercise of walking guided by nurses.
PENGALAMAN PRESEPTOR DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PRECEPTORSHIP DI RUMAH SAKIT SAINT ELISABETH KOTA MEDAN 2018
Authors: Pujiastuti Maria
Published: November 2019

Preceptorship is a teaching and learning method to university students by involving nurses as the role model. The objective of preceptorship program in learning is to build the students’ role and responsibility to be professional nurses with wide knowledge. The major aim of this research was to study further preceptor’s experience in conducting preceptorship program in the hospitals in Medan. This is a descriptive phenomenological study. Questionnaires with demographic characteristics and guided interviews were used as the research instruments. The data were collected through in-depth interview and by using field-note. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the participants who met the inclusion criteria. The participants consist of 10 preceptors in Santa Elisabeth Hospital, Medan. The descriptions of the preceptors’ experience were analyzed by using Colaizzi approach. The results found out 5 themes reflecting the studied phenomena. The themes were maximally preparing themselves before conducting preceptorship program, the preceptors’, responsibilities in conducting counseling process, unpleasant experience during the student counseling, the preceptors’ expectation to the corrective process in the preceptorship counseling, and the preceptors are the students’ role model during the practice. According to the research results, it is suggested that nursing education is committed to follow the policies, standards, procedures, and regulations set forth in the guidebook, for nursing services to facilitate the preceptor by improving the knowledge of the preceptorship program up to date, and It is also expected that this nursing research can become the evidence-based data for the facility improvement to the future researchers.
Desain dan Implementasi Sistem Absensi Mahasiswa Berdasarkan Fitur Pengenalan Wajah dengan Menggunakan Metode Haar-Like Feature
Authors: Indra Evta , Batubara M Diarmansyah , Yasir Muhammad , Chau Sugandi
Published: November 2019

Absensi kehadiran mahasiswa adalah suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan mahasiswa untuk membuktikan dirinya hadir dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Salah satu cara untuk melakukan absensi kehadiran adalah dengan cara manual. Mahasiswa melakukan tanda tangan pada lembar kehadiran yang telah dipersiapkan. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan masalah, yaitu memungkinkan terjadinya kecurangan pada saat pengisian absensi. Solusi dari permasalahan ini adalah dengan melakukan proses absensi berbasis sistem. Pada penelitian ini akan diterapkan suatu sistem pengenalan wajah berbasis desktop dan website dengan menggunakan Raspberry Pi sebagai media akses kontrol terhadap absensi bagi mahasiswa untuk mengikuti perkuliahan. Sistem pengenalan wajah yang dirancang menggunakan metode Haar-Like Feature yang memberikan indikasi secara spesifik pada sebuah gambar atau image yang digunakan untuk mengenali objek berdasarkan nilai sederhana dari fitur. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dari aplikasi ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem absensi berbasis pengenalan wajah telah berhasil membatasi pihak yang tidak memiliki hak akses dan tidak terdata dalam database absensi. Selain itu pencatatan data kehadiran mahasiswa dapat terkomputerisasi sehingga pendataan yang dilakukan dalam waktu seminggu menjadi lebih cepat dimana sebelum sistem ini diimplementasikan proses absensi membutuhkan waktu 6-8 hari, menjadi 3-4 hari. Sistem yang dihasilkan juga memberikan proteksi terhadap penyalahgunaan.
On the influence of hydrodynamic environment on crystal growth
Authors: Prieto Manuel , Amorós Portolés José Luis
Published: November 2019

Dans le cas d'un cristal qui croît dans des conditions de convection, les caractéristiques de son entourage peuvent induire une anisotropie dans l'apport de matière sur des faces homologues. Cette situation se produit lorsque les faces ont des orientations différentes par rapport aux lignes de flux.

On vérifie expérimentalement cette hypothèse. On a utilisé un appareil de croissance cristalline en solution par convection artificielle. On obtient des données sur les vitesses de croissance de cristaux d'ADP et de KDP. Simultanément, au moyen d'un système qui permet d'observer les lignes de flux, on fait une étude hydrodynamique. En combinant les deux types de données, on élabore un modèle qui tient compte de l'influence de l'hydrodynamique sur la morphologie cristalline.
Natural and synthetic gem materials, a comparison
Authors: Sunagawa Ichiro
Published: November 2019

Properties of crystalline materials may vary to a considerable extent depending on their growth histories and growth conditions. This fact forms the basis on which a distinction between natural and synthetic gem materials is made. The differences do not appear on an atomic or a lattice scale, but can be detected on a larger scale in which changes occurred during growth processes are reflected. The latter includes external morphology of crystals, surface microtopography of crystal faces, growth bandings, sector structures, inclusions, dislocations, planar defects, like stacking faults and micro-twins, etc. Since growth mechanisms are different among crystals grown from different phases, and the environmental conditions are different among crystals grown from similar phases, the differences between natural and synthetic gem materials of different origins will be visualized if appropriate methods of detection are applied.

To demonstrate this, lattice images of natural and synthetic emeralds, X-ray topography and surface microtopography of natural and synthetic diamonds and emeralds are compared.
Recent trends in the crystal chemistry of rock forming silicates
Authors: Ghose Subrata
Published: November 2019

Cet article passe en revue les récents développements dans trois domaines de la cristallochimie des silicates formant les roches pour lesquels des progrès récents ont été faits ces cinq dernières années. Il s'agit :

(1) De la structure électronique et de la liaison chimique dans les silicates, (2) du comportement structural des silicates sous haute température et haute pression, et (3) de la structure exacte des silicates, en particulier biopyriboles.

(1) Le calcul de la structure de la bande du quartz α, déterminée par la méthode du pseudo potentiel self-consistant, montre un bon accord avec les résultats obtenus par des mesures de spectroscopic. Un calcul quantique ab initio sur H₄SiO₄ et H₆Si₂O₇ montre pour les liaisons Si — O une notable proportion d'orbitales de type (d-p)π. Dans le composé H₆Si₂O₇ les densités électroniques théoriques calculées pour les liaisons Si — O « bridging » et « non-bridging » sont en bon accord avec celles observées expérimentalement dans les chaînes de l'enstatite. Les mesures de la densité électronique sur le quartz α par diffraction des rayons X montrent l'existence de liaisons courbées, de paires non liées sur l'oxygène, et d'une densité électronique résiduelle maximum près des milieux de liaisons Si — O. De semblables maxima ont été observés pour les liaisons Si — O dans quelques olivines et pyroxènes. Ces améliorations théoriques et expérimentales nous fournissent une connaissance fondamentale de la liaison chimique dans les silicates.

(2) De récents perfectionnements dans la cellule haute pression à enclume de diamant et dans le chauffage de l'échantillon par rayon laser, permettent de reproduire maintenant les conditions de température et de pression régnant à la frontière noyau˗manteau dans la terre. La détermination d'un grand nombre de structure d'oxydes et de silicates en fonction de la température et de la pression nous permettent d'en déduire la dilatation thermique et la compressibilité des polyèdres d'oxygènes autour des cations. Ces grandeurs semblent être indépendantes du type de structure considéré et devraient nous conduire à des modèles du comportement structural des silicates et ainsi d'interpréter les transitions de phases se produisant dans le manteau terrestre.

(3) La découverte de nouveaux minéraux chimiquement et structuralement intermédiaires entre anthophyllite et talc, avec des triples chaînes silicate et des alternances double chaîne — triple chaîne, la mise en évidence de l'intercalation de n-tuple chaînes, ainsi que leurs défauts structuraux ou bien leur ordre-désordre, nous conduisent à une compréhension exacte des réactions chimiques mises en jeu dans les transformations de phases des biopyriboles lors de leurs développements géologiques.
A new investigation of correspondence between structure and crystal morphology of barite
Authors: Schwarz Harald , Follner Heinz
Published: November 2019

Des analyses morphologiques de barytine (Pnma) ont démontré que la maille morphologique est un réseau à faces centrées du type B. La liste des formes rangées selon la loi de Donnay-Harker ne correspond pas avec la hiérarchie proposée par Donnay et Donnay (1962). Les directions les plus courtes dans les projections ou dans l'espace tridimensionnel du réseau à faces centrées du type B correspondent avec les vecteurs P.B.C. qui ont été découverts par Hartman et Perdok (1955) et Tassoni et al. (1978). Sur l'exemple de la barytine, Schneer (1970) a montré que la densité électronique est une transformée de Fourier de la morphologie cristalline. Cette théorie et la signification des synthèses de Fourier sont discutées dans ce cas particulier.