bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tribological Evaluation on Various Formulation of Modified RBD Palm Olein as Sustainable Metalworking Fluids for Machining Process
Authors: Rahim E.A. , Talib Norfazillah , Abdul Sani Amiril Sahab , Syahrullail Samion , Mohid Zazuli
Published: January 2017

Sustainable manufacturing has become popular among manufacturers and industrialists due to the increase in environmental issues, health impacts and stringent law enforcement. The use of vegetable oils as metalworking fluids is one way to implement manufacturing sustainability. Palm oils are commonly used as cooking oils. Further, palm oil is also the main oil sources in Southeast Asia besides petroleum. Therefore, the potential use of palm oil as functional lubricant for future replacement of petroleum-based oil is indeed important. In this study, the refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein has been formulated into various properties of modified RBD palm oil (MRPO) by transesterification process at different molar ratio of RBD methyl ester (FAME) with trimethylolpropane (TMP). Next, the MRPOs are compared with synthetic ester on lubrication and tribology tests according to standard based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The results observed that MRPO have outstanding performance in lubrication and tribological behavior. MRPO2 recorded the highest viscosity index and the lowest coefficient of friction which are 496 and 0.06, respectively. MRPO2 showed to be an alternative biodegradable cutting fluid in promoting sustainable manufacturing activities by reducing the bad impact on environment and health.
The Effect of TiH2 Particle on Rheological Behaviour of NiTi for Metal Injection Moulding
Authors: Abdul Kadir Ros Atikah , Nor Nor Hafiez Mohamad , Subuki Istikamah , Ismail Muhammad Hussain
Published: January 2017

This paper highlights the influence of titanium hydride particle on the rheological behaviour of nickel-titanium feedstock used in the metal injection process. The ratio of 50at% nickel and 50at% titanium hydride with 2 different powder loadings (65.5vol% and 67.5vol%) were investigated. A Rosand RH2000 capillary rheometer was used to determine the flow behaviour of feedstocks. The feedstocks were characterized at different temperature ranging from 150°C and 170°C and shear rate ranging from 50/s and 4442.63/s. The results showed on pseudo-elastic behaviour flow of NiTi feedstock which is suitable for injection moulding process.
Parametric Investigation of Mooney-Rivlin Material Constants on Silicone Biocomposite
Authors: Kamarul Bahrain Siti Humairah , Mahmud Jamaluddin
Published: January 2017

Hyperelastic materials are unique materials that have high tendency to stretch and its highly non-linear behaviour is commonly investigated using hyperelastic constitutive models. The aim of this paper is to investigate the sensitivity of Mooney-Rivlin material constants; C1 and C2 values in order to observe the behavior and pattern of the stress-stretch graph for silicone-kenaf composite. There were no previous studies done in regards to assess the mechanical behaviour of the stress-stretch curve for silicone-kenaf biocomposite by varying the Mooney-Rivlin material constants. The material constant, C1 and C2 are varied into few cases and the patterns of stress-stretch curves are studied. It was found that variations of C1 and C2 material constants could contribute differently on the mechanical properties of silicone-kenaf composite. Thus, the results and findings of this study could be further enhanced by future study to gain deeper understanding on the hyperelastic materials behaviour and Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic constitutive model.
Influence of Alkali Treatment and Nanoclay Content on the Properties of Rice Husk Filled Polyester Composites
Authors: Nabinejad Omid , Debnath Sujan , Ying Teh J. , Liew Willey Y.H. , Davies Ian J.
Published: January 2017

The effect of alkali treatment and nanoclay addition on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of rice husk particle (RHP) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites was investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the alkali treatment removed most of the hemicellulose and impurities from the RHP with the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the resulting composites being improved by alkali treatment. The results indicated that the 5% sodium hydroxide concentration had the optimum performance on mechanical strength and water absorption resistance. Furthermore, the influence of nanoclay addition (1, 3 and 5 wt%) on the properties of optimum alkali treated RHP-UP composites was investigated with the lowest content (1 wt%) of nanoclay showing the highest mechanical performance. However, further addition of nanoclay improved the moisture absorption resistance of the composites. Good interface bonding between the filler and matrix was observed from scanning electron micrographs for the optimum RHP alkali treated and nanoclay dispersed RHP-UP composites.
Non-Pharmacologic Approach to Prevent Embolization in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Whom Anticoagulation Is Contraindicated
Authors: Sharma Munish , Khalighi Koroush
Published: January 2017

Ischemic stroke is the most common complication of atrial fibrillation (AF). Anticoagulation therapy reduces the risk of systemic embolization in almost all patients with AF irrespective of the type of AF (paroxysmal, persistent or permanent). But, all patients are not suitable candidates for systemic anticoagulation mainly due to the risk of bleeding. Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) devices have been found to be very effective non-pharmacologic alternative therapy for such patients. There are various types of LAAC devices but United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) have approved only Watchman device. Initially, bigger medical centers in the US had started the insertion of Watchman device but with improving procedural techniques and exciting outcomes, even the community-based hospitals have started to embrace this therapy. We have presented the first three cases of Watchman device placement performed in our hospital and discussed about the indications for placement of LAAC devices .We have also reviewed their efficacy individually.
Endodontics and forensic personal identification: An update
Authors: Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly
Published: January 2017

Dental identification of a deceased individual is a core task in forensic odontology. The accurate recording of clinical dental procedures has become more important over time because of the increasing trend of lawsuits worldwide. Previous reports have discussed the practical usefulness of endodontic evidence for human identification. Advances in endodontic imaging, root and root canal anatomy, and biomaterials have been consistently emerging in endodontic research and practice. This article provides an update on the interrelationship between endodontics and forensic personal identification.
Assessment of maxillary labial frenum morphology in primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions in Wardha district
Authors: Thosar Nilima , Murarka Priti , Baliga Sudhindra , Rathi Nilesh
Published: January 2017

Background: Frenal attachments are folds of mucous membrane enclosed with muscle fibers that attach the lips to the alveolar mucosa and underlying periosteum. They mostly go unnoticed by the dentist during the oral examination of the patient. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate maxillary labial frenum morphology in primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions among schoolchildren in Wardha district. Materials and Methods: Thousand healthy school children between 3 and 14 years of age were included in this study. The maxillary labial frenum was examined using direct visual method and classified according to Sewerin′s typology. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Chi-square test. Results: Simple frenum (88.3%) was found to be the most common maxillary labial frenum. No sex-wise or dentition-wise differences were found in frenum morphology. Statistically significant difference was seen with persistent tectolabial labial frenum (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Simple frenum was found to be the most prevalent maxillary labial frenum morphology. Dentists should give due importance for frenum assessment during oral examination of children.
Pattern of tooth discoloration and care-seeking behavior among adolescents in an underserved rural community in Nigeria
Authors: Ibiyemi Olushola , Ibiyemi Titilola Sarah , Taiwo Juliana Obontu
Published: January 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of tooth discoloration and care-seeking behavior among adolescents in a Nigerian community. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was carried out among 384 adolescents in Idere, Southwestern Nigeria. The questionnaire comprised questions on sociodemographic data, presence of tooth discoloration, and care-seeking behavior. Two calibrated examiners examined the labial and buccal surfaces of the teeth for the presence of tooth discoloration. Frequencies and bar charts were generated, and Chi-square test was used to test the association between categorical variables at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 14.7 ± 2.3 years, comprising 222 (57.8%) and 162 (42.2%) in junior and senior secondary schools, respectively. Intraoral examination revealed 167 (43.9%) had discolored teeth while 127 (33.1%) perceived that they had discolored teeth. Extrinsic stains were the major cause of tooth discoloration in both anterior and posterior teeth (18%-84%) except in upper anterior teeth where enamel hypoplasia was the major cause (20%-30%). Among participants who perceived that they had tooth discoloration, 81.9% mentioned that they did not know that the discoloration can be treated. Older participants had more discolored teeth than their counterparts (P = 0.01). Age group, sex, and class of participants were associated with frequency of tooth brushing (P < 0.05). Participants who had anterior or intrinsic tooth discoloration sought care more often than those with posterior or extrinsic tooth discoloration (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Extrinsic staining was the major cause of tooth discoloration. Many adolescents did not know that the discoloration can be treated.
The Oseen Type Finite Element Iterative Method for the Stationary Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Dong Xiaojing , He Yinnian
Published: January 2017

In this article, by applying the Stokes projection and an orthogonal projection with respect to curl and div operators, some new error estimates of finite element method (FEM) for the stationary incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are obtained. To our knowledge, it is the first time to establish the error bounds which are explicitly dependent on the Reynolds numbers, coupling number and mesh size. On the other hand, The uniform stability and convergence of an Oseen type finite element iterative method for MHD with respect to high hydrodynamic Reynolds numberReand magnetic Reynolds numberRm, or smallδ=1–σwith

(C0,C1are constants depending only on Ω andFis related to the source terms of equations) are analyzed under the condition that. Finally, some numerical tests are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm.
Structure-Preserving Wavelet Algorithms for the Nonlinear Dirac Model
Authors: Qian Xu , Fu Hao , Song Songhe
Published: January 2017

The nonlinear Dirac equation is an important model in quantum physics with a set of conservation laws and a multi-symplectic formulation. In this paper, we propose energy-preserving and multi-symplectic wavelet algorithms for this model. Meanwhile, we evidently improve the efficiency of these algorithms in computations via splitting technique and explicit strategy. Numerical experiments are conducted during long-term simulations to show the excellent performances of the proposed algorithms and verify our theoretical analysis.
Многомерный символ Конту-Каррера и непрерывные автоморфизмы
Authors: Gorchinskiy Sergey Olegovich , Osipov Denis Vasilievich
Published: January 2017

Мы доказываем, что многомерный символ Конту-Каррера инвариантен относительно непрерывных автоморфизмов алгебр итерированных рядов Лорана над произвольным кольцом. Применяя данное свойство, мы получаем новую явную формулу для многомерного символа Конту-Каррера. В отличие от известных раннее формул, эта формула задается над произвольным кольцом, не обязательно являющимся $\mathbb Q$-алгеброй, и ее вывод не использует алгебраическую $K$-теорию.
О классифицирующем свойстве регулярных представлений
Authors: Ageev Sergei Mikhailovich
Published: January 2017

Показано, что для связной компактной группы Ли $G$ гильбертово $G$-пространство $L_2(G)$ и банахово $G$-пространство $C(G;\mathbb{C})$ классифицируют $G$-пространства.
Интегрируемые Мeбиус-инвариантные эволюционные цепочки второго порядка
Authors: Adler Vsevolod Eduardovich
Published: January 2017

Решена задача классификации интегрируемых цепочек вида $u_{,t}=f(u_{-2},…,u_2)$ при дополнительном предположении об инвариантности относительно группы дробно-линейных преобразований. Полученный список состоит из 5 уравнений, 3 из них ранее не рассматривались. Найдены разностные подстановки типа Миуры, связывающие их с известными полиномиальными цепочками. Приведены также некоторые классификационные результаты для цепочек общего вида.
Усреднение гиперболических уравнений
Authors: Dorodnyi Mark Aleksandrovich , Suslina Tatiana Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2017

В $L_2({\mathbb R}^d;{\mathbb C}^n)$ рассматривается самосопряженный матричный эллиптический оператор $A_\varepsilon$, $\varepsilon>0$, порожденный дифференциальным выражением $b({\mathbf D})^*g({\mathbf x}/\varepsilon)b({\mathbf D})$.
Матрица-функция $g({\mathbf x})$ размера $m\times m$ ограничена, положительно определена и периодична относительно некоторой решетки; $b({\mathbf D})$ - матричный размера $m\times n$ дифференциальный оператор первого порядка, причем $m \ge n$, а символ $b(\boldsymbol{\xi})$ имеет максимальный ранг. Изучается операторный косинус $\cos(\tau A^{1/2}_\varepsilon)$, где $\tau\in {\mathbb R}$. Показано, что при $\varepsilon \to 0$ оператор $\cos( \tau A^{1/2}_\varepsilon)$ сходится к $\cos( \tau (A^0)^{1/2})$ по норме операторов, действующих из пространства Соболева $H^s({\mathbb R}^d;{\mathbb C}^n)$ (с подходящим $s$) в $L_2({\mathbb R}^d;{\mathbb C}^n)$. Здесь $A^0$ - эффективный оператор с постоянными коэффициентами. Получены точные по порядку оценки погрешности. Исследован вопрос о точности результатов в отношении типа операторной нормы. Аналогичные результаты получены для более общих операторов. Результаты применяются к вопросу о поведении решения задачи Коши для гиперболического уравнения
$\partial^2_\tau {\mathbf u}_\varepsilon({\mathbf x},\tau)=-A_\varepsilon{\mathbf u}_\varepsilon({\mathbf x},\tau)$.
Using Active Learning to Identify Health Information Technology Related Patient Safety Events
Authors: Fong Allan , Howe Jessica , Adams Katharine , Ratwani Raj
Published: January 2017

The widespread adoption of health information technology (HIT) has led to new patient safety hazards that are often difficult to identify. Patient safety event reports, which are self-reported descriptions of safety hazards, provide one view of potential HIT-related safety events. However, identifying HIT-related reports can be challenging as they are often categorized under other more predominate clinical categories. This challenge of identifying HIT-related reports is exacerbated by the increasing number and complexity of reports which pose challenges to human annotators that must manually review reports. In this paper, we apply active learning techniques to support classification of patient safety event reports as HIT-related. We evaluated different strategies and demonstrated a 30% increase in average precision of a confirmatory sampling strategy over a baseline no active learning approach after 10 learning iterations.
Retroperitoneal Spread of Fournier's Gangrene: A Rare but Fatal Presentation
Authors: Goel Apoorv , Bansal Roli
Published: January 2017

Fournier's gangrene is severe infective necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia predominantly in elderly males. It is usually associated with septic shock and multiorgan failure. A 55-yearold male presented with scrotal edema, pain, and redness over lower abdominal wall and both flanks with features of sepsis and ileus. Intraoperative findings were suggestive of extensive necrotizing fasciitis of scrotum spreading to both inguinal region, right lateral parietal wall, and right psoas muscle.

How to cite this article

Goel A, Bansal R. Retroperitoneal Spread of Fournier's Gangrene: A Rare but Fatal Presentation. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(3):166-168.
Tropical temperature variability and Kelvin-wave activity in the UTLS from GPS RO measurements
Authors: Scherllin-Pirscher Barbara , Randel William J. , Kim Joowan
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Tropical temperature variability over 10–30 km and associated Kelvin-wave activity are investigated using GPS radio occultation (RO) data from January 2002 to December 2014. RO data are a powerful tool for quantifying tropical temperature oscillations with short vertical wavelengths due to their high vertical resolution and high accuracy and precision. Gridded temperatures from GPS RO show the strongest variability in the tropical tropopause region (on average 3 K2). Large-scale zonal variability is dominated by transient sub-seasonal waves (2 K2), and about half of sub-seasonal variance is explained by eastward-traveling Kelvin waves with periods of 4 to 30 days (1 K2). Quasi-stationary waves associated with the annual cycle and interannual variability contribute about a third (1 K2) to total resolved zonal variance. Sub-seasonal waves, including Kelvin waves, are highly transient in time. Above 20 km, Kelvin waves are strongly modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in stratospheric zonal winds, with enhanced wave activity during the westerly shear phase of the QBO. In the tropical tropopause region, however, peaks of Kelvin-wave activity are irregularly distributed in time. Several peaks coincide with maxima of zonal variance in tropospheric deep convection, but other episodes are not evidently related. Further investigations of convective forcing and atmospheric background conditions are needed to better understand variability near the tropopause.
Observational evidence for the formation of ocean DMS-derived aerosols during Arctic phytoplankton blooms
Authors: Park Ki-Tae , Jang Sehyun , Lee Kitack , Yoon Young Jun , Kim Min-Seob , Park Kihong , Cho Hee-Joo , Kang Jung-Ho , Udisti Roberto , Lee Bang-Yong , Shin Kyung-Hoon
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The connection between marine biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and the formation of aerosol particles in the Arctic atmosphere was evaluated by analyzing atmospheric DMS mixing ratios, aerosol particle size distributions and aerosol chemical composition data that were concurrently collected at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78.5° N, 11.8° E) during April and May 2015. Measurements of aerosol sulfur (S) compounds showed distinct patterns during periods of Arctic haze (April) and phytoplankton blooms (May). Specifically, during the phytoplankton bloom period the contribution of DMS-derived SO42− to the total aerosol SO42− increased by 7-fold compared with that during the proceeding Arctic haze period, accounting for up to 70 % of fine SO42− particles (
Upper tropospheric CH4 and N2O retrievals from MetOp/IASI within the project MUSICA
Authors: García Omaira E. , Sepúlveda Eliezer , Schneider Matthias , Wiegele Andreas , Borger Christian , Hase Frank , Barthlott Sabine , Blumenstock Thomas , de Frutos Ángel M.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. This paper presents upper tropospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations retrieved from thermal infrared spectra as observed by the remote sensor IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) on-board the EUMETSAT/MetOp meteorological satellites. The CH4 and N2O mixing ratios are retrieved as side products of the MetOp/IASI retrieval developed for the European Research Council project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water). The MUSICA/IASI CH4 and N2O retrieval strategy is described in detail as well as their characterisation in terms of the vertical resolution and expected errors. Theoretically, we document that MUSICA/IASI products can capture the upper tropospheric CH4 and N2O variability (at ≈ 300–350 hPa) with a precision better than 2 %. We compare the remote sensing data to coincident high precision aircraft vertical profiles taken within the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) project and empirically estimate a precision of 2.1 % (38.2 ppbv) for each individual IASI CH4 observation. The precision is improved to 1.7 % (32.1 ppbv) for IASI data that have been averaged within 2° × 2° boxes. For N2O the empirically estimated precision is 2.7 % (8.7 ppbv) for each individual observation and 2.1 % (6.9 ppbv) for the 2° × 2° averages. The empirical study works with data from the missions HIPPO1 and HIPPO5, which cover latitudes between 67º S and 80º N during typical winter and summer conditions in both hemispheres, thus being reasonably representative for global observation during different seasons. In addition, we present a product that combines the CH4 and N2O retrieval estimates. The combination is made a-posteriori and we theoretically and empirically show that the combined product has a much better precision than the individual CH4 and N2O products. For the combined product the theoretical precision is 0.8 % and the comparison with HIPPO data gives an empirical precision estimate of 1.5 % (26.3 ppbv) when considering all individual IASI observations and of 1.2 % (21.8 ppbv) for the 2° ×2° averages. In the case that the horizontal, vertical and temporal variation of N2O can be robustly modeled, we can easily reconstruct CH4 from the combined product and generate high quality IASI CH4 data.
Species-specific temporal variation in photosynthesis as a moderator of peatland carbon sequestration
Authors: Korrensalo Aino , Alekseychik Pavel , Hájek Tomáš , Rinne Janne , Vesala Timo , Mehtätalo Lauri , Mammarella Ivan , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina
Published: January 2017

Abstract. In boreal bogs plant species are low in number, but they differ greatly in their growth forms and photosynthetic properties. We assessed how ecosystem carbon (C) sink dynamics were affected by seasonal variations in the photosynthetic rate and leaf area of different species. Photosynthetic properties (light response parameters), leaf area development and areal cover (abundance) of the species were used to quantify species-specific net and gross photosynthesis rates (PN and PG, respectively), which were summed to express ecosystem-level PN and PG. The ecosystem-level PG was compared with a gross primary production (GPP) estimate derived from eddy covariance (EC) measurements.Species areal cover, rather than differences in photosynthetic properties, determined the species with the highest PG of both vascular plants and Sphagna. Species-specific contributions to the ecosystem PG varied over the growing season, which, in turn, determined the seasonal variation in ecosystem PG. The upscaled growing season PG estimate, 230 g C m−2, agreed well with the GPP estimated by the EC (243 g C m−2).Sphagna were superior to vascular plants in ecosystem-level PG throughout the growing season but had a lower PN. PN results indicated that areal cover of the species, together with their differences in photosynthetic parameters, shape the ecosystem-level C balance. Species with low areal cover but high photosynthetic efficiency appear to be potentially important for the ecosystem C sink. Results imply that functional diversity, i.e., the presence of plant groups with different seasonal timing and efficiency of photosynthesis, may increase the stability of C sinks of boreal bogs.
High-amplitude lake-level changes in tectonically active Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan) revealed by high-resolution seismic reflection data
Authors: Gebhardt Andrea Catalina , Naudts Lieven , De Mol Lies , Klerkx Jan , Abdrakhmatov Kanatbek , Sobel Edward R. , De Batist Marc
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A total of 84 seismic profiles, mainly from the western and eastern deltas of Lake Issyk-Kul, were used to identify lake-level changes. Seven stratigraphic sequences were reconstructed, each containing a series of delta lobes that were formed during former lake-level stillstands or during slow lake-level increase or decrease. The lake level has experienced at least four cycles of stepwise rise and fall of 400 m or more. These fluctuations were mainly caused by past changes in the atmospheric circulation pattern. During periods of low lake levels, the Siberian High was likely to be strong, bringing dry air masses from the Mongolian steppe blocking the midlatitude Westerlies. During periods of high lake levels, the Siberian High must have been weaker or displaced, and the midlatitude Westerlies could bring moister air masses from the Mediterranean and North Atlantic regions.
Drought identification in the Eastern Baltic region using NDVI
Authors: Rimkus Egidijus , Stonevicius Edvinas , Kilpys Justinas , Maciulytė Viktorija , Valiukas Donatas
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The droughts are the phenomena which affect large areas. Remote sensing data covering large territory can be used to assess the droughts' impact and theirs extent. Drought effect on vegetation was determined using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the east Baltic Sea region located between 53–60 N and 20–30 E. The effect of precipitation deficit on vegetation in arable land, broad–leaved and coniferous forest was analysed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) calculated for 1 to 9 month time scales. The vegetation has strong seasonality in the analysed area. The beginning and the end of vegetation season depends on the distance to the Baltic Sea which affects temperature and precipitation patterns. The vegetation season duration in the south-eastern part of the region is 5–6 weeks longer than in the north-western part. The early spring air temperature, snowmelt water storage in the soil and precipitation has the largest influence on NDVI values in the first half of the growing season. The precipitation deficit in the first part of the vegetation season has a significant impact only on the vegetation in the arable land. The vegetation in the forests is less sensitive to moisture deficit. The positive correlation between 3 and 6 month SPI and vegetation condition was observed in the arable land and both types of forests in the second half of the vegetation season. The precipitation deficit is only one of the vegetation condition drivers and NDVI cannot be used universally to identify droughts, but it may be applied to better assess the effect of droughts on vegetation in the eastern Baltic Sea region.
Environmental controls on seasonal ecosystem evapotranspiration/potential evapotranspiration ratio as determined by the global eddy flux measurements
Authors: Liu Chunwei , Sun Ge , McNulty Steven G. , Noormets Asko , Fang Yuan
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The evapotranspiration / potential evapotranspiration (AET / PET) ratio is traditionally termed as the crop coefficient (Kc) and has been generally used as ecosystem evaporative stress index. In the current hydrology literature, Kc has been widely used as a parameter to estimate crop water demand by water managers but has not been well examined for other types of ecosystems such as forests and other perennial vegetation. Understanding the seasonal dynamics of this variable for all ecosystems is important for projecting the ecohydrological responses to climate change and accurately quantifying water use at watershed to global scales. This study aimed at deriving monthly Kc for multiple vegetation cover types and understanding its environmental controls by analyzing the accumulated global eddy flux (FLUXNET) data. We examined monthly Kc data for seven vegetation covers, including open shrubland (OS), cropland (CRO), grassland (GRA), deciduous broad leaf forest (DBF), evergreen needle leaf forest (ENF), evergreen broad leaf forest (EBF), and mixed forest (MF), across 81 sites. We found that, except for evergreen forests (EBF and ENF), Kc values had large seasonal variation across all land covers. The spatial variability of Kc was well explained by latitude, suggesting site factors are a major control on Kc. Seasonally, Kc increased significantly with precipitation in the summer months, except in EBF. Moreover, leaf area index (LAI) significantly influenced monthly Kc in all land covers, except in EBF. During the peak growing season, forests had the highest Kc values, while croplands (CRO) had the lowest. We developed a series of multivariate linear monthly regression models for Kc by land cover type and season using LAI, site latitude, and monthly precipitation as independent variables. The Kc models are useful for understanding water stress in different ecosystems under climate change and variability as well as for estimating seasonal ET for large areas with mixed land covers.
Structural and Seismic Monitoring of a Monumental Building: the Case Study of the Royal Castle of Racconigi
Authors: Niccolini Gianni , Manuello Amedeo , Marchis Elena , Carpinteri Alberto
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The stability of an arch as a structural element in the thermal bath of King Carlo Alberto in the Royal Castle of Racconigi (on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1997) was assessed by the Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring technique with application of classical inversion methods to recorded AE data. First, damage source location by means of triangulation techniques and signal frequency analysis were carried out. Then, the recently introduced method of natural time analysis was preliminarily applied to the AE time series in order to reveal possible entrance point to a critical state of the monitored structural element. Finally, possible influence of the local seismic and micro-seismic activity on the stability of the monitored structure was investigated. The criterion to select relevant earthquakes was based on the estimation of the size of earthquake preparation zones. The presented results suggest the use of AE technique as a tool for detecting both ongoing structural damage processes and micro-seismic activity during preparation stages of seismic events.
Brief communication: Thinning of debris-covered and debris-free glaciers in a warming climate
Authors: Banerjee Argha
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Recent geodetic mass-balance measurements reveal similar thinning rates on glaciers with or without debris cover in the Himalaya–Karakoram region. This comes as a surprise as a thick debris cover reduces the surface melting significantly due to its insulating effects. Here we present arguments, supported by results from numerical flowline model simulations of idealised glaciers, that a competition between the changes in the surface mass-balance forcing and that of the emergence/submergence velocities can lead to similar thinning rates on these two types of glaciers. As the climate starts warming, the thinning rate on a debris-covered glacier is initially smaller than that on a similar debris-free glacier. Subsequently, the rate on the debris-covered glacier becomes comparable to and then larger than that on the debris-free one. The time evolution of glacier-averaged thinning rates after an initial warming is strongly controlled by the time variation of the corresponding emergence velocity profile.
The Impact of Using Edmodo on Saudi University EFL Students' Motivation and Teacher-Student Communication
Authors: Alshawi Shatha Turki , Alhomoud Faisal Abdullah
Published: January 2017

Edmodo is a free educational networking site that provides a secure online learning platformfor both teachers and students. The current research explored the impact that Edmodo has onstudents' engagement in EFL learning as well as their motivation towards learning thatlanguage. The research was conducted on 255 female students at Princess Nourah bintAbdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia. The participants were involved in daily interactionswith their peers as well as their teachers via Edmodo features and applications, e.g. posingquestions, submitting assignments, discussions, and teachers' feedback. The present paperposed two research questions: 1. What is the impact of the educational networking siteEdmodo on students' motivation? 2. What is the impact of the educational networking siteEdmodo on teacher-student's communication? In order to explore the possible answers, a40-item questionnaire was administered to the participants. The first 21 items weredesignated to explore students' motivation for learning EFL through Edmodo, while theremaining items explored students' beliefs about the impact that Edmodo has on theircommunication with their teachers. All items were answered using a 4-point Likertscale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The results indicated statisticallysignificant motivation towards language learning due to the use of Edmodo. It also showedthat the teacher-student's interaction is highly significant via Edmodo. Furthermore, studentsmainly preferred quizzes and assignments on Edmodo when they are designed effectively. Theresults of this study may encourage teachers to integrate educational networks to create effective online learning classes for their students.
PRODUÇÃO DE BIOMASSA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR POR MEIO DO USO DE ORGANOMINERAIS EM CANA PLANTA E CANA SOCA
Authors: Souza Camila Andrea de , Vitti André César , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Gaitarossa Edilaine Cova
Published: January 2017

A área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) vem aumentando nos últimos anos, o que torna necessário realizar estudos para verticalizar a sua produção, em que o emprego de novas tecnologias pode proporcionar ganhos de produtividade nos canaviais. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar, tanto em cana planta como em cana soca (cultivar SP81-3250), com o uso dos produtos organominerais, associados ou não, comparados com o uso da torta de filtro. O experimento foi desenvolvido em vaso (cerca de 50 kg de solo de textura arenosa), em Piracicaba/SP, durante oito meses, cerca de 120 dias por ciclo. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com nove tratamentos e três repetições em cana planta, enquanto em cana soca foi utilizado esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com cinco tratamentos em dois níveis (com e sem aplicação de organomineral) e três repetições. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se averiguar que, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos com organomineral e a torta de filtro no acúmulo de fitomassa na parte aérea e no sistema radicular em cana planta, ao passo que a aplicação de organomineral mostrou-se vantajosa para o aumento de matéria seca do sistema radicular em cana soca.
COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E FITOGEOGRAFICA DE UMA FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA NO SUDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Cysneiros Vinicius Costa , Braz Denise Monte , Pelissari Allan Libanio , Santos Kênia Samara Mourão
Published: January 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a distribuição geográfica das espécies arbóreas e investigar a influência da proximidade entre florestas ombrófilas e estacionais na composição da flora local, por meio de análise de agrupamento e similaridade. Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae e Sapotaceae foram as famílias mais ricas em espécies. Contudo, o nível de endemismo encontrado foi de 36,5%, considerado baixo, quando comparado com outros estudos realizados na Mata Atlântica. A análise de similaridade evidenciou a existência de cinco grupos, formados por características ambientais e composição de espécies semelhantes, demonstrando que altitude e a pluviosidade são fatores determinantes na distribuição das espécies e na composição das floras.
Congenital cutaneous candidiasis and candidemia in a preterm infant: A case report
Authors: Oberhauser Sarah , Böhm Sebastian , Niederer Anita , Rogdo Bjarte
Published: January 2017

We report a case of congenital cutaneous candidiasis (CCC) progressing to candidemia in an extremely low birth weight infant. A high level of suspicion concerning candida sepsis as well as timely diagnostic work-up and treatment can be lifesaving when a preterm infant presents with lesions suggestive of congential cutaneous candidiasis.
Research on Shanghai-style Culture's Impact on the Development of Chinese Domestic Luxury Brands - From the Perspective of "Shanghai Tang"
Authors: Li Shuaishuai
Published: January 2017

"Shanghai-style culture", which was rooted in the traditional Chinese culture, produced the ,modern urban culture with unique Chinese characteristics after lasting collision and integration with the Western culture. It was inseparable from the development of Shanghai, which was China's first city to have a "capital market". Due to the unique historical background, Shanghai's economic development, social patterns and consumer attitudes contributed to the breeding of domestic luxury brands. As the earliest domestic luxury brand in Shanghai, "Shanghai Tang" has been affected by "Shanghai-style culture" since its creation. This paper attempts to illustrate the direct impact of "Shanghai-style culture" on the brands by analyzing the brand culture as well as the clothing design styles, which are characterized by revival of Chinese traditions and integration with current fashion.In this paper, through the introduction and the first part summarizes the origin and development of local culture, expounds the relationship between the Shanghai style culture and brand culture, through the brand culture influence to the product design style.The second part from the design of color and style reflects the idea of Shanghai style culture influence on design style, from the classical and modern combination of style, color change reflect the influence of the design to the brand.Finally come to the conclusion that the influence of the Shanghai style culture from the design style that extends to the company culture, to the generation of Chinese luxury brand laid a solid cultural foundation.
Remuneration Committees’ Gender Composition as a Determinant of Executive Board Compensation Structure
Authors: Borrenbergs Job , Vieira Rui , Georgakopoulos Georgios
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates the relationship between the gender composition of firms’ remuneration committees and the relative weight of variable monetary compensation in these firms’ top executives’ compensation packages. Previous archival research into executive compensation has mainly relied on agency theory, managerial power theory and tournament models to construct its theoretical frameworks. However, both psychological and corporate governance-related research concerning gender differences in, for instance, risk- and inequality-aversion, suggest that the gender variable should be included in the academic debate on executive compensation.Controlling for size, industry, and corporate governance variables, this paper uses simple least squares analysis to regress measures of the relative weight of variable compensation against measures of female presence in remuneration committees, in a sample of 25 806 fiscal year/executive combinations. This regression is repeated in a multilevel model that controls for firm fixed effects in a sample of 9048 fiscal year / executive combinations. The results indicate that a female presence in the remuneration committee is negatively associated with the relative weight of the annual bonus in top executives’ compensation contracts.
Analyzing Exclusion in Global Worker Health Policy
Authors: Hilgert Jeffrey
Published: January 2017

This article examines the development of the ILO’sGlobal Strategy on Occupational Safety and Healththrough the lens of social exclusion. Social exclusion is a transversal concept across the social sciences. The article integrates the study of exclusion as an essential element of institutional analysis in industrial relations. After discussing the treatment of the study of exclusion in labour and employment relations scholarship, it presents an analytic frame using four mechanisms of exclusion taken from sociology: 1- encoding; 2- framing pathways; 3- non-decision making; and 4- mining actualities.

Observations are presented from a qualitative study of 125 preparatory and legal texts created through the development of theGlobal Strategybetween 2000 and 2015. The method of analysis is a socio-historic interpretation following the principles of analysis of primary source documents outlined by Marc Trachtenberg in his bookThe Craft of International History: A Guide to Method. Exclusionary dynamics are observed in three areas: 1- managing the meaning of OSH policy integration; 2- shaping the role of collective labour rights in OSH policy; and 3- sidestepping the development of specific OSH hazard protections. Comparisons are made at key points with recent normative work by UN human rights bodies, including the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and theirGeneral Comment No. 23on the human right to just and favourable conditions of work. The result is aGlobal OSH Strategywith promotional strengths, but also neoliberal values interwoven in its policy framework.
RAGE deficiency predisposes mice to virus-induced paucigranulocytic asthma
Authors: Arikkatt Jaisy , Ullah Md Ashik , Short Kirsty Renfree , Zhang Vivan , Gan Wan Jun , Loh Zhixuan , Werder Rhiannon B , Simpson Jennifer , Sly Peter D , Mazzone Stuart B , Spann Kirsten M , Ferreira Manuel AR , Upham John W , Sukkar Maria B , Phipps Simon
Published: January 2017

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease. Although many patients with asthma develop type-2 dominated eosinophilic inflammation, a number of individuals develop paucigranulocytic asthma, which occurs in the absence of eosinophilia or neutrophilia. The aetiology of paucigranulocytic asthma is unknown. However, both respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and mutations in the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) are risk factors for asthma development. Here, we show that RAGE deficiency impairs anti-viral immunity during an early-life infection with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM; a murine analogue of RSV). The elevated viral load was associated with the release of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) which triggered airway smooth muscle remodelling in early-life. Re-infection with PVM in later-life induced many of the cardinal features of asthma in the absence of eosinophilic or neutrophilic inflammation. Anti-HMGB1 mitigated both early-life viral disease and asthma-like features, highlighting HMGB1 as a possible novel therapeutic target.
Length-dependent flagellar growth of Vibrio alginolyticus revealed by real time fluorescent imaging
Authors: Chen Meiting , Zhao Ziyi , Yang Jin , Peng Kai , Baker Matthew AB , Bai Fan , Lo Chien-Jung
Published: January 2017

Bacterial ﬂagella are extracellular ﬁlaments that drive swimming in bacteria. During motor assembly, ﬂagellins are transported unfolded through the central channel in the ﬂagellum to the growing tip. Here, we applied in vivo ﬂuorescent imaging to monitor in real time the Vibrio alginolyticus polar ﬂagella growth. The ﬂagellar growth rate is found to be highly length-dependent. Initially, the ﬂagellum grows at a constant rate (50 nm/min) when shorter than 1500 nm. The growth rate decays sharply when the ﬂagellum grows longer, which decreases to ~9 nm/min at 7500 nm. We modeled ﬂagellin transport inside the channel as a one-dimensional diffusive process with an injection force at its base. When the ﬂagellum is short, its growth rate is determined by the loading speed at the base. Only when the ﬂagellum grows longer does diffusion of ﬂagellin become the rate-limiting step, dramatically reducing the growth rate. Our results shed new light on the dynamic building process of this complex extracellular structure.
Comunicación y branding en los sitios web nacionales de turismo
Authors:   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España, Fernández-Cavia José , Castro Daniela ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
Published: January 2017

Los sitios web oficiales son herramientas básicas para la difusión de la imagen de los destinos y para la promoción de sus marcas. Las Organizaciones Nacionales de Turismo conocen la importancia de crear, gestionar y actualizar un sitio web oficial para comunicarse con sus visitantes reales y potenciales. Este artículo presenta un análisis de la calidad de los sitios web turísticos oficiales de cinco países –España, Brasil, Argentina, Chile y China–, mediante la aplicación del Índice de Calidad Web. Los resultados muestran que el sitio web turístico oficial de mayor calidad es el de España, seguido del de Argentina, Chile, Brasil y China. El estudio revela también que los sitios web turísticos nacionales necesitan mejorar especialmente en lo que respecta a interactividad, capacidad persuasiva y comercialización.
La comunicación científica para el desarrollo cultural y económico: el caso de las potencialidades astronómicas de la Región de Antofagasta en Chile
Authors:   Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile, Vernal Teresa
Published: January 2017

En este artículo se confrontan las opiniones de medios de comunicación y líderes científicos, sociales y políticos de la Región de Antofagasta, Chile, sobre la importancia de divulgar las potencialidades astronómicas de la región para su desarrollo cultural-económico. Con tal fin se aplicó cuestionarios Delphi a 27 expertos, quienes destacaron la falta de especialización de los medios chilenos en ciencia y tecnología, y la distancia entre los científicos y esos mismos medios. Se concluye que son muchos los aportes que podrían realizar, por ejemplo, los medios de comunicación, en cuanto a las desigualdades existentes en materia de alfabetización científica.
Burocratización de las rutinas profesionales de los periodistas en Chile (1975-2005)
Authors:   Instituto de la Comunicación e Imagen, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Stange Marcus Hans , Salinas Muñoz Claudio ,   Instituto de la Comunicación e Imagen, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Published: January 2017

El artículo describe las principales tendencias de la práctica profesional de los periodistas en Chile entre 1975 y 2005 en cuatro diarios de circulación nacional. Se propone que el periodismo chileno ha ido burocratizando crecientemente su labor, transformando el proceso de producción de noticias en una tarea mecanizada y automatizada, que responde fuertemente a las lógicas del mercado de medios. Esta tendencia contradice las exigencias políticas y éticas hacia el periodismo, en el sentido de ser una actividad objetiva, independiente y autónoma que colabore activamente con los procesos de formación de opinión pública y de fiscalización de los poderes políticos.
Isotopías del discurso político chileno: el caso de la Franja Presidencial 2013
Authors:   Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile, Matus Lobos Pablo
Published: January 2017

Este artículo muestra los avances de un estudio sobre la representación discursiva y los imaginarios de los principales grupos políticos en Chile –la Nueva Mayoría y la Alianza–, a partir de las isotopías presentes en sus spots para el balotaje de la elección presidencial 2013. Se concluye que mientras la campaña de Bachelet construye su discurso desde una isotopía de la inclusión (“Todos con Michelle”), la de Matthei lo hace desde una de la posibilidad (“Sí se puede”). Estos usos, respaldados por isotopías relativas a los programas de gobierno (derechos vs. elección) y a sus perfiles en cuanto mujeres (cuidado vs. autoridad), permiten reconocer los imaginarios tradicionales de cada sector: una centro-izquierda estatista y una derecha de inspiración neoliberal.