bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active teaching methods in ESL classes
Authors: Đorić Valentina , Petković Violeta
Published: February 2023

This article represents a methodological overview of how active teaching and learning meth ods by Ivić et al. (2001) can be applied in the ESL classes with the psychology students at the university level. Each element of the active teaching methodology will be placed in the context of the English Language class with the students of Psychology. These key elements include student interaction, student initiative, explorative talk, methods of revision and evaluation etc. The aim of the paper is to discuss possibilities of incorporation of various ESL class activities and resources that correspond to the active learning model which as a result can contribute to a higher level of learning and engagement of the students. Additionally, the emphasis will be on the main language skills which include reading, listening, writing and speaking that are developed in the setting of active teaching methodology.
Análisis de los datos obtenidos de la red social Twitter para la identificación precoz de la tendencia al suicidio de los usuarios
Authors: Mulas Camara Pedro Jose , Fernández-Calvillo Cáceres R. , Martínez Cabezali C. , Molina Cañizares ME.
Published: February 2023

Aunque no todo el mundo sea consciente todos los datos disponibles en la red son útiles y tienen un gran potencial de ayuda a nuestra sociedad. La plataforma digital Twitter es una red social donde en ocasiones las personas expresan sus sentimientos y emociones, y este proyecto surge de la idea de hacer un análisis de estos datos de que se pueda realizar a través de una herramienta de Machine Learning un perfil típico un cuadro psiquiátrico de depresión, y si es posible la tendencia al suicidio asociada. La herramienta para la extracción de datos de Twitter utilizada ha sido Tweepy, y con los usuarios obtenidos con ésta y las características definidas para ellos, se ha generado una base de datos en formato excel en la nube One Drive que recoge toda esta información. A continuación, con la herramienta de Machine Learning llamada UMAP, se ha realizado un análisis de forma no supervisada de la base de datos, gracias al cuál se han podido diferenciar tres grupos, con una distancia intercluster muy baja, lo que quiere decir que cada observación se parece mucho a sus vecinos. De estos tres grupos hay uno al que se asociaría una conducta o uso de esta plataforma de una forma normal o estándar, y otros dos de diferente dimensión que cumplen parte de las características asociadas al trastorno de depresión.
Kriminologisk læring af udviklingen i indbrud under pandemien
Authors: Kruize Peter , Kyvsgaard Britta
Published: February 2023

AbstractOur (work)lives have changed radically due to the Covid19-pandemic. This unique situation can be perceived as a natural experiment. What happens to the number of burglaries in private residences, businesses/companies, institutions, and holiday homes when many employees work from home and children receive online education? What are we to expect based on criminological theories and what happened in practice? Theory would predict a decrease in the number of burglaries in private homes and an increase in the number of burglaries in companies and institutions. In reality – at least in Denmark – there was a decline in all forms of burglary. The authors point to disruption of the market for stolen goods as a possible decisive factor in the explanation of this unexpected result.
Objektivitet og subjektivering i socialt arbejde
Authors: Nissen Morten
Published: February 2023

Artiklen  søger  at  bidrage  til  et  tvær-  og  “transvidenskabeligt”  forskningsprojekt  om  velfærdsstatens kultur. Først diskuteres overordnet  grænsefladerne  mellem  psykologi  og  kulturvidenskab,  sådan  som  de  tegner  sig  alment  i  vækstlaget  for  kritisk  psykologi.  Dernæst analyseres, med udgangspunkt i data fra  det sociale udviklingsprojekt “Vilde Læreprocesser”, måder hvorpå socialt arbejde fremstilles  ideologisk  som  humanistisk  værdibaseret  netværksarbejde,  og  hvordan  en  sådan  fremstilling kan overskrides kritisk ved at se på dets  objektivering i sproglige artefakter, i magtforhold, og i vidensformer. Den problematik, der  herved  bliver  ridset  op,  er  hvordan  subjektivering veksler med og realiseres igennem ob- jektivitet i forskellige former i velfærdsstatens  sociale arbejde. I hovedtræk argumenteres for,  at en dybere forståelse af det sociale arbejde  i  velfærdsstaten  må  overvinde  den  gængse  dikotomisering  (adskillelse  og  modstilling)  mellem subjektivitet og objektivitet – og derfor  mellem  hvad  jeg  kalder  det  “autentiske”  og  det “uautentiske” sociale arbejde – til fordel  for et begreb om socialt arbejde som en kritisk  proces,  der  realiserer  velfærdsstaten  som  en  selvoverskridende statsform.
Samspillet mellem fællesskab og vaner ved deltagelse i gymnasielivet
Authors: Ingholt Liselotte
Published: February 2023

Artiklen er en let revideret udgave af Ph.d.-for- svar d. 29. februar 2008 ‘Fællesskaber, vaner og deltagelse. Et studie af unge på to gymnasier’ ved Institut for Psykologi, Københavns Universitet. I Ph.d.-projektet blev samspillet mellem udviklingen af fællesskaber og udviklingen af vaner blandt unge i 1.g i gymnasiet undersøgt. Undersøgelsen fandt sted på to gymnasier i Københavnsområdet. Det var et praksisforskningsstudie med de unge og deres lærere som medforskere. Studiet byggede på deltagende observation gennem et helt skoleår, samt 33 kvalitative enkelt- og gruppeinterviews med de unge. Samspillet mellem udvikling af fællesskab og vaner blev undersøgt i tre af gymnasiets kontekster: i klasseværelset, i frikvartererne og ved festerne. Undersøgelsens resultater viser, at konteksterne medierer hinanden, og at det er i deres indbyrdes relation og formidlethed, at ligheder og forskelle mellem fællesskaber og vaner i hver af dem må forstås. Således er fællesskabet i klasseværelset karakteriseret ved et samspil mellem deltagelse i den faglige undervisning og sociale identifikationer. Disse sociale identifikationer medierer de unges anderledes måder at deltage på i fællesskaberne i gymnasiets øvrige kontekster. Hvordan man håndterer diskussioner og analyser af faglige emner har betydning for, hvordan man deltager i gymnasiets mere festligt orienterede sam- menhænge – og omvendt. I gymnasiet skal man kunne håndtere både faglighed og festlig- hed. Det er centralt, at både ikke-deltagelse i gymnasiets festliv og overdreven deltagelse i dette festliv – hvor især alkohol har en central betydning – undertiden betyder, at adgang til og deltagelse i de faglige sammenhænge vanskeliggøres. Analyserne af samspillet mellem fællesskaber og vaner implicerer et opgør med en tænkning om vaners natur som individuelle og statiske. De unges fællesskaber er det medie, deres vaner udvikles i. Vaner ændres og udvikles ved deltagelse i de fællesskaber, som man indgår i. Både de unges udvikling af fællesskaber og deres udvikling af vaner må forstås som konkrete, situerede sociale forandrings- processer.
Hvad der gør noget og hvilken etik det implicerer
Authors: Dupret Søndergaard Katia , Krøjer Jo
Published: February 2023

Med afsæt i ny-materialismen og aktør-net- værksteori diskuterer artiklen de forsknings- etiske implikationer af princippet om genera- liseret symmetri. Diskussionen omfatter dels spørgsmålet om hvilke etiske fordringer, der aktualiseres, når non-humane aktører inddra- ges i humanistisk og samfundsvidenskabelig forskning, og giver et bud på, hvordan de kan indfris. Det grundlæggende argument er at hverken forsker eller felt har almagt til at definere etiske fordringer, men at etik opstår i interaktion det undersøgte netværk og forske- rens netværk og pen. Denne identificering af en ny-materialistisk forskningsetik involverer en ny metodologi som i artiklen beskrives som heterogen opmærksomhed. Artiklen udfolder denne gennem en konceptualisering af risiko- villighed og langsommelighed som et bud på etiske forsknings-måder.
Problem kodeksów etyki w ochronie zdrowia widziany z perspektywy refleksyjnego praktyka zarządzania
Authors: Wojciechowska Nelosława
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this chapter was to critically analyze the codes of ethics of currently operating health care medical institutions in the state sector in Poland, as well as to identify appropriate solutions for their standardization in order to create a unified code of ethics that would combine the code of business ethics, the code of conduct for employees, the code of professional practice, the set of rights and duties into a whole, thus creating a basic mechanism to ensure full professionalism in their operation. This work analyzes, among other things, the existing rights and obligations of the patient, interpersonal staff/patient relations, standards of ethical behavior for management, and the issue of social responsibility. Unfortunately, the analysis is not detailed due to the small number of factual analyses and studies available, as well as the multifaceted nature of the subject matter, which requires effective communication-participation of all professional communities, a baseline analysis, knowledge of laws and regulations, estimation of risks, or knowledge of the industry and its market situation.
Przyczynek do wykorzystania perspektywy narracyjnej w zarządzaniu ochroną zdrowia. Analiza opieki nad pacjentką podczas cięcia cesarskiego
Authors:   Doktorantka Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Kacperczyk-Bartnik Joanna , Ochinowski Tomasz ,   Katedra Psychologii i Socjologii Zarządzania WZ UW; Warszawska Grupa Historiografii Organizacji afiliowana do Polskiego Oddziału Sieci Zarządzania Humanistycznego (Humanistic Management Network)
Published: February 2023

This chapter proposes the use of narrative medicine for the purposes of health care management. Narrative medicine enables the supplementation of clinical evidence based medicine with additional reflection and empathy, which contributes to achieving higher levels of professionalism. This part of the book presents the narrative perspective, established in four specific examples of stories on the Caesarean section. It addresses issues of teamwork, the role of information flow between team members, the hierarchy of positions, the assignment of tasks based on knowledge and skills, mutual control and an in-depth assessment of the current obstetric situation, as well as the affirmation of the continuity of care. The analysis based on examples allows us to accurately trace the events from the perspective of individual characters, along with the genesis of possible shortcomings and the formulation of universal conclusions. As a result, efforts can be made to achiev e the best use of the potential of the whole medical team, the optimal division of tasks according to competencies and the increase of the quality and efficiency of the provided work. High interpersonal skills assist in appropriate co-operation between team members representing various medical professions.
Human identification through advanced forensic mass spectrometry of blood and fingermarks
Authors:   , Heaton Cameron Edward Glenn
Published: February 2023

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) has been demonstrated in recent years to be an effective toolbox in the detection and identification of substances of forensic relevance. The goal of this PhD programme was to develop analytical protocols to obtain novel molecular information from two biological sample types; fingermarks and bloodstains. MALDI MS was employed to acquire mass spectrometry profiling (MSP) and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data from these two common evidence types to generate biological and chemical information towards a molecular ‗suspect profile‘. The use of MALDI MS to acquire data on the peptide and protein composition of fingermarks, in combination with advanced statistical processing was developed to investigate the determination of sex from fingermarks. A blind validation study was conducted for the robust, multifaceted identification of human and animal blood, other human biofluids and interferent substances from a large sample set of stains and fingermarks. MALDI MS was employed in combination with a ‗bottom-up‘ proteomic approach for the determination of biological matrices through the identification of proteotypic peptides. MALDI MS was also utilised for the determination of a subset of haemoglobin variants in human blood, through the detection of proteotypic peptides, employing a ‗bottom-up‘ proteomic approach. The detection of haemoglobin variants in blood encountered at a crime scene has implications towards associative evidence of the presence of an individual, which grows in significance the rarer (and less prevalent) the variant. The application of these three techniques towards these two biological matrices, and the validation data acquired for each, demonstrates their analytical capabilities. In all cases they have been demonstrated to be compatible with visualisation techniques (both fingermark enhancement techniques and blood enhancement techniques, respectively), showing potential for their integration into the current operational workflows for both fingermarks and blood. In conclusion, although only demonstrated under laboratory controlled conditions, MALDI MS shows promise towards the future analysis of these biological matrices within evidence recovery and investigative workflows, when specific molecular information may be sought.
Parenting styles, maladaptive coping styles, and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors: a multiple mediation analysis in patients with feeding and eating disorders
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Seyedi Asl Seyed Teymur , Nazari Anamag Alireza , SabzehAra Langaroudi Milad , Moharami Jafar , Ahmadi Sadegh , Ganjali Alireza , Ghiasi Zahra , Nafeli Mohammad , Kasaeiyan Rashya
Published: February 2023

Background

Although preliminary studies support the roles of unhealthy parenting styles and maladaptive coping styles in increasing rates of disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors (EAB) and clinically significant feeding and eating disorders (FED), underlying mechanisms have not been well-recognized. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with disturbed EAB and the mediating roles of overcompensation and avoidance coping styles in the relationship between different types of parenting styles and disturbed EAB among patients with FED.

Methods

A total of 102 patients with FED in Zahedan, Iran, participating in this cross-sectional study (from April to March 2022) completed a sociodemographic information form and self-report measures of parenting styles, maladaptive coping styles, and EAB. Model 4 of Hayes’ PROCESS macro in SPSS was employed to identify and explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between study variables.

Results

The results showed that authoritarian parenting style, overcompensation and avoidance coping styles, and female gender might be related to disturbed EAB. The overall hypothesis that overcompensation and avoidance coping styles mediated the effect of fathers’ and mothers’ authoritarian parenting styles on disturbed EAB was also supported.

Conclusions

Our findings highlighted the necessity of evaluating particular unhealthy parenting styles and maladaptive coping styles as the important possible risk factors in the development and maintenance of higher level of disturbance in EAB among patients with FED. However, more research is needed to explore individual, family, and peer risk factors for disturbed EAB among these patients.
Percepção dos gestores de micro e pequenas empresas em relação a informação contábil como um recurso que auxilie o processo decisório gerencial
Authors: Duda Edivaldo do Nascimento , Xavier Dênis Thadeu de Medeiros , De Araújo Salmo Batista , Silva Clara Monise , Valentim Maria do Socorro , Lagioia Umbelina Cravo Teixeira , de Queiroz Luziana Maria Nunes , Araujo César Augusto de Albuquerque
Published: February 2023

A partir de uma abordagem descritiva e qualitativa, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em evidenciar qual é a percepção de gestores de micro e pequenas empresas (MPE’S) que atuam no ramo de comércio de Caicó – RN, sobre a importância das informações contábeis como um recurso que auxilie no processo decisório gerencial de seus negócios. Para a realização da pesquisa, aplicou-se um questionário através da plataforma Google Forms que foi disponibilizado as MPE’S da cidade, compatíveis ao perfil da pesquisa, resultando em 35 respondentes. Entre outras constatações, os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos gestores percebem apenas as informações ligadas aos aspetos fiscais e trabalhistas, além da própria experiência adquirida nos negócios, como recursos mais úteis a gestão de suas empresas, muito em função de não possuírem conhecimento ou acesso a outros tipos de informações que auxiliem de fato, o processo decisório gerencial.
Quality of Saffron in Oman Markets
Authors: Al-Farsi M. , Al-Belushi S. , Al-Amri A. , Al-Hadhrami A. , Al-Alawi A.
Published: February 2023

Saffron is the most expensive spice in the world, it is highly valued as a culinary spice for its flavor and color properties. Since saffron is an expensive product, it is cheated by the dealers, therefore, quality control of saffron is important for the spice industries and also the consumers. This study aims to evaluate the saffron quality in Omani markets according to the ISO standard. A total of 21 saffron samples were examined; 2 in powder form and 19 in filaments. The samples of saffron were purchased from different hyper-markets and local markets in Muscat, Oman. Saffron’s commercial value is determined according to the ISO standard which include moisture, ash, acid insoluble ash, extract %, sulfuric test, artificial colors, spectrum, Flavor, aroma and color. The saffron samples were in line with standard in terms of moisture, ash, acid insoluble ash and extract %.  The two powder saffron samples failed in sulfuric, spectrum and flavor tests. From the 19 samples of saffron filament, three samples were failed to achieve the flavor and color limits required by the standard. This failure to standard quality could be due to poor processing condition such as drying and packaging or due to adulteration. The standard parameters could not distinguish between low quality and adulteration due to its limited and unspecific parameters. Therefore, we recommend improving the saffron standard with parameters targeting adulteration.
Improving Growth and Yield Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under the Effects of Soil Amendments and Planting Geometry
Authors: Issahaku Zakaria , Amenyogbe Mawuli Korsi , Gyamfi Raphael Adu , Assuman Samuel
Published: February 2023

A field study was carried out at the University for Development Studies Experimental Field, Nyankpala, Ghana, to evaluate the growth and yield of sesame under the influence of planting geometry and soil amendments. The trial was a split plot laid out in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design in Triplicate. The main plot treatments were three planting geometry (G1 = 45 x 15, G2 = 60 x 10, and G3 = 75 x 15 cm), and the sub-plot treatments were four soil amendments with a control [F0 = 0 t ha-1, F1 = 16 t ha-1 compost, F2 = 16 t ha-1 biochar, F3 = 16 t ha-1 (compost + biochar), and F4 = N− P2O5 −K2O (16−60−60 kg ha-1)]. The analysis of variance showed that all the planting geometry and soil amendments significantly (P < .05) affected growth and yield of sesame. The results indicated that the main effect of 45 x 15cm planting geometry, and the interaction effect between 75 x 15 cm planting geometry and compost application at 16 t ha-1 resulted in the maximum plant height (54.30 cm) and number of branches plant−1 (4.9), respectively at 42 DAP. However, planting geometry of 60 x 10 cm increased seed yield by 10 and 57%, compared to 45 x 15 and 75 x 15 cm planting geometry, respectively. Similarly, the application of compost at 16 t ha-1 promoted the highest capsule weight (1,719 kg ha-1), seed yield (1,115 kg ha-1) and 1000-seed weight (3.46 g). The percentage increase in various soil amendments over the control is shown in the following order: number of branches (B 22% < NPK 24%< B+C 27%< C32%); number of seeds per capsule (B+C 4% < B 5 % < NPK 7% < C 8%); and seed yield (B+C 75% < B 80%< NPK 137% < C157%).

Therefore, compost application at 16 t ha-1 and planting geometry of 60 x 10 cm is recommended for sesame production.
Microwave-assisted pre-milling treatments of chickpea (Cicer Arietinum) for higher recovery
Authors: Solanki Chandan , S. K. . Gupta , M. S. Alam M. S.
Published: February 2023

This research was undertaken to examine the result of microwave pre-treatment on chickpea dehulling. The experiments were conducted at three microwave power levels (PL), 50, 70, and 90, at different five exposers from 1 to 3 minutes at the time interval of 30 seconds to evaluate chickpea dehulling with the pre-milling treatment of microwave exposure for achieving maximum dehulling yield, dhal yield, good dehulled grains in terms of quality with minimum dehulling loss. It was noted that dehulling yield improved with microwave power and exposure period. The highest dehulling yield, 71.02%, was achieved 90 PL with 2.5 minutes exposure and found maximum dhal yields, i.e., 66.40%, and minimum dehulling loss, 10.25%. So, this requirement was correct and better to get a higher dhal yield. These findings are also valuable for the pulse processing industry and fabricators for designing a continuous type pulse pre-milling treater unit. Hence, it could be highlighted that the microwave pre-milling treatment is more suitable for pulse processing like chickpea. This also presents an improvised method for pre-milling treatments for commercial adoption.
Wheat nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield as affected by nitrogen management and environmental conditions
Authors: Ferreira Letícia Aparecida Ronqui , Silva Sérgio Ricardo , Lollato Rômulo Pisa , Ferreira Eric Batista , Kölln Oriel Tiago
Published: February 2023

Nitrogen (N) is the main nutrient for plant nutrition, however, its fertilization management is still very complex. To evaluate wheat N utilization efficiency (NUtE) and yield in response to N fertilization management considering the influence of environmental conditions, an experiment was carried out in three field conditions in Southern Brazil: Londrina in rainfed and irrigation conditions, and Ponta Grossa in rainfed. A complete (2 × 2 × 2) + 1 factorial arrangement evaluated two N rates (40 and 80 kg ha-1), two N sources (ammonium nitrate and urea), two N timings of fertilization (at sowing or at the beginning of plant tillering), and additional treatment without N fertilization. Agronomic characteristics related to wheat productivity and N plant nutrition were evaluated. Irrigation increased the density of fertile spikes and the N accumulated in the shoot dry matter at anthesis, which partially explained the better grain yield in the irrigated condition. The higher N accumulation in the shoot dry matter was essential for grain yield increase in the environments with lower water deficit, based on their higher NUtE for grain yield. Nitrogen fertilization reduced NUtE for grain yield in Londrina (in rainfed and irrigation conditions), and increased NUtE for shoot dry matter production in all environments. In a colder condition (i.e. Ponta Grossa), the use of a higher N rate at sowing provided greater grain yield, thousand-grain weight, and density of fertile spikes. Nitrogen rate can be reduced in warmer and wetter environmental conditions that favor the mineralization of soil organic matter and the decomposition of soybean straw. The choice for urea or ammonium nitrate can be based on economic criteria in environments with low water deficit and low potential for NH3 volatilization. Nitrogen fertilization carried out exclusively at wheat sowing may be suitable to supply spring wheat N requirements.
Green Flexible Electronics: Natural Materials, Fabrication, and Applications
Authors: Hui Zengyu , Zhang Linrong , Ren Guozhang , Sun Gengzhi , Yu Hai‐Dong , Huang Wei
Published: February 2023

The emergence of plastic electronics satisfies the increasing demand for flexible electronics. However, it has caused severe ecological problems. Flexible electronics based on natural materials are increasing to hopefully realize the “green” and eco‐friendly concept. Herein, recent advances in the design and fabrication of green flexible electronics are reviewed. First, this review comprehensively introduces various natural materials and derivatives, focusing particularly on fibroin and silk, wood and paper, plants, and biomass. Second, fabrication techniques for modifying natural materials, including physical and chemical methods, are presented, after which their merits and demerits are thoroughly discussed. Green flexible electronics based on natural materials, comprising electrical wires/electrodes, antennas, thermal management devices, transistors, memristors, sensors, energy‐harvesting devices, energy‐storage devices, displays, actuators, electromagnetic shielding, and integration systems, are described in detail. Finally, perspectives on the existing challenges and opportunities to employ natural materials in green flexible electronics are presented.
Unique 2D Face Topologies in Naphthyl‐Appended Naphtho[k]fluoranthene‐Based 3D Crystals for Optical Waveguide
Authors: Hino Yuto , Matsuo Takumi , Hayashi Shotaro
Published: February 2023

Molecular crystals exhibiting optical waveguiding are strongly dependent on total internal reflection, molecular stacking arrangements, spatial distributions of transition dipole moments, and topologies. Fluoranthene derivatives are popular fluorescent dyes that have not yet been engineered into crystalline optical materials. Here, a naphthyl‐appended naphtho[k]fluoranthene that exhibits efficient fluorescence in solution and in the solid state is newly synthesized through a one‐pot Pd‐catalyzed reaction of 1,8‐dibromonapthalene. It selectively gives two crystal topologies derived from direction‐specific crystal growth. Using spatially resolved photoluminescence analyses, the direction‐oriented light that propagates along these topologies (each face of the crystal) is investigated. There are different optical‐loss coefficients along the various directions on each face. Therefore, face‐specific waveguiding depends on molecular arrangements. Anisotropic waveguiding in each face is observed. Overall, these results suggest potential applications of fluoranthene crystals and their topological 2D planes as optical waveguides and integrated optical circuits.
Antibacterial Halloysite‐Modified Chitosan/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofibers for Ultrasensitive Self‐Powered Motion Monitoring
Authors: Wang Si , Liu Bohao , Feng Xingdong , Pan Rui , Cai Yuanlingyun , Zhang Renyan , Pu Mingbo , Ma Xiaoliang , Li Xiong , Tai Huiling , Luo Xiangang
Published: February 2023

High flexibility, porosity, and antibacterial activity are extremely desired for wearable health monitoring, which is beneficial to simultaneously promote wearing comfort and safety. In this study, an antibacterial nanofibers‐based triboelectric generator (AN‐TENG) composed of the flexible chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone modified with halloysite nanotubes (CTS/PVP/HNTs) nanofibers and cube‐arrays structured Ecoflex film is proposed for simultaneously energy harvesting and self‐powered human motion monitoring. The open‐circuit voltage (280 V), short‐circuit current (3.98 μA), and transferred charge (51 nC) of the CTS/PVP/HNTs nanofibers TENG at the optimal compound concentration are increased by 90.8%, 86.92%, and 96.2%, respectively, compared to the CTS/PVP nanofibers one (size: 3 cm × 3 cm, mechanical force: 10 N @1 Hz), revealing good real‐time monitoring ability for human wrist, elbow, and finger motion. An antibacterial test is carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the antibacterial rate of the nanofibers against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) based on the current national standard GB/T 31402–2015, indicating good antibacterial properties of the nanofibers. This research offers an ingenious strategy to establish an antibacterial nanofibers‐based TENG for self‐powered motion monitoring and energy harvesting and offers a new insight to improve the practical security of wearable electronic devices.
Binary Solvent System Used to Fabricate Fully Annealing‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cassella Elena J. , Spooner Emma L.K. , Smith Joel A. , Thornber Timothy , O'Kane Mary E. , Oliver Robert D.J. , Catley Thomas E. , Choudhary Saqlain , Wood Christopher J. , Hammond Deborah B. , Snaith Henry J. , Lidzey David G.
Published: February 2023

High temperature post‐deposition annealing of hybrid lead halide perovskite thin films—typically lasting at least 10 min—dramatically limits the maximum roll‐to‐roll coating speed, which determines solar module manufacturing costs. While several approaches for “annealing‐free” perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been demonstrated, many are of limited feasibility for scalable fabrication. Here, this work has solvent‐engineered a high vapor pressure solvent mixture of 2‐methoxy ethanol and tetrahydrofuran to deposit highly crystalline perovskite thin‐films at room temperature using gas‐quenching to remove the volatile solvents. Using this approach, this work demonstrates p‐i‐n devices with an annealing‐free MAPbI3 perovskite layer achieving stabilized power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 18.0%, compared to 18.4% for devices containing an annealed perovskite layer. This work then explores the deposition of self‐assembled molecules as the hole‐transporting layer without annealing. This work finally combines the methods to create fully annealing‐free devices having stabilized PCEs of up to 17.1%. This represents the state‐of‐the‐art for annealing‐free fabrication of PSCs with a process fully compatible with roll‐to‐roll manufacture.
A case report of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis and review of the literature
Authors: Lavaee Fatemeh , Nazhvani Ali Dehghani , Afshari Aylar
Published: February 2023

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an uncommon proliferative disease with an unknown cause. Its clinical manifestations vary and can involve a variety of organs. To diagnose LCH, radiographs, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings are essential. The gold standard for a definite diagnosis is positive CD1a/CD207 and S100 in the immunohistochemical results. Different treatment plans are available for patients struggling with LCH. To our knowledge, the LCH incidence rate is about 8.9 in one million children and 1–2 cases in one million adults. Our case shows the importance of early diagnosis of this rare condition for the prevention of any further spreading. This case report is about a 35‐year‐old male patient struggling with diabetes insipidus with a chief complaint of tooth mobility. Based on his X‐ray radiographs, osteolytic lesions were found. A biopsy was performed, and due to histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, it was diagnosed as a case of LCH in adults. This paper shows that although the incidence rate of LCH is rare in adults, dealing with a patient struggling with diabetes insipidus and osteolytic bone lesions with an unknown cause, LCH must be taken into consideration. Due to the fact that LCH's first manifestations are mostly first oral, its good prognosis in the early stages, and if it progresses, it can turn fatal, it is important that dentists are aware of this disease, its clinical manifestations, and patient management. In case of suspicion, X‐ray examination, biopsy, histopathological, and immunohistochemical exams must be performed.
Seed morphology, germination, and seedling vigor characteristics of fine fescue taxa and other cool‐season turfgrass species
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Courtney Lauren E. , Patton Aaron J.
Published: February 2023

Fine fescue taxa differ in their field establishment rate but it is unclear if this is due to differences in germination rate or seedling growth rate. Research at Purdue University quantified differences in seed morphology, germination vigor, and seedling vigor among 30 cultivars of fine fescue (FF) taxa (Festuca spp.). Strong creeping red fescue (STCRF) (Festuca rubra ssp. rubra), slender creeping red fescue (SLCRF) (F. rubra ssp. littoralis), Chewings fescue (F. rubra ssp. commutata), hard fescue (Festuca brevipila), and sheep fescue (Festuca ovina) were compared with tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus), Kentucky bluegrasses (Poa pratensis), and, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Seed morphological characteristics differed among FF cultivars and species; however, there was no strong relationship between morphological characteristics and germination vigor. Estimated number of days until 50% germination and mean germination time among the 30 FF cultivars varied, with sheep fescue and Chewings fescue consistently having the slowest germinating cultivars and STCRF cultivars generally the fastest. Species with the fastest to slowest germination ranked as follows: perennial ryegrass > STCRF ≥ SLCRF ≥ hard fescue ≥ Chewings fescue ≥ sheep fescue ≥ tall fescue > Kentucky bluegrass. Seedling vigor measurements among FF indicated the three F. rubra ssp. (STCRF, SLCRF, and Chewings fescue) exhibited faster seedling vigor and greater shoot mass than hard fescue or sheep fescue. Results indicate that past observations of reduced field establishment rates of hard fescue and sheep fescue is primarily due to their slow seedling growth and not reduced germination speed.
Voltage–current locus‐based stator winding inter‐turn fault detection in induction motors
Authors: Dongare Ujwala V. , Umre Bhimrao S. , Ballal Makarand S.
Published: February 2023

Monitoring the condition of induction motors requires continuous inspection of all motor components. The three‐phase stator windings forming the critical components of the motors and handling heavy currents as high as twice the blocked rotor current under inter‐turn short circuits necessitate a fault detection system that is efficient, appropriate, and worthwhile. The proposed algorithm takes measurements of the three‐phase supply voltages and phase currents and plots their loci for each cycle under various fault levels. The proposed simple, nonintrusive, less expensive, and fault‐sensitive voltage–current loci (£(v–i))‐based technique accurately identifies the faulty phase and detects stator inter‐turn faults (SITFs). In addition, the algorithm corrects supply voltage imbalances, winding asymmetries, and calibration errors of sensing elements. It contributes to examining the insulation condition of the stator windings at the onset and identifying the faulty phase of a motor. The experimental results for a 1 hp, 415 V squirrel‐cage induction motor (SCIM) in a laboratory investigation validate the competence of the proposed technique under various fault levels and load conditions.
Parasite detection and quantification in avian blood is dependent on storage medium and duration
Authors: Lynton‐Jenkins Joshua G. , Chaine Alexis S. , Russell Andrew F. , Bonneaud Camille
Published: February 2023

Studies of parasites in wild animal populations often rely on molecular methods to both detect and quantify infections. However, method accuracy is likely to be influenced by the sampling approach taken prior to nucleic acid extraction. Avian Haemosporidia are studied primarily through the screening of host blood, and a range of storage mediums are available for the short‐ to long‐term preservation of samples. Previous research has suggested that storage medium choice may impact the accuracy of PCR‐based parasite detection, however, this relationship has never been explicitly tested and may be exacerbated by the duration of sample storage. These considerations could also be especially critical for sensitive molecular methods used to quantify infection (qPCR). To test the effect of storage medium and duration on Plasmodium detection and quantification, we split blood samples collected from wild birds across three medium types (filter paper, Queen's lysis buffer, and 96% ethanol) and carried out DNA extractions at five time points (1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months post‐sampling). First, we found variation in DNA yield obtained from blood samples dependent on their storage medium which had subsequent negative impacts on both detection and estimates of Plasmodium copy number. Second, we found that detection accuracy (incidence of true positives) was highest for filter‐paper‐stored samples (97%), while accuracy for ethanol and Queen's lysis buffer‐stored samples was influenced by either storage duration or extraction yield, respectively. Lastly, longer storage durations were associated with decreased copy number estimates across all storage mediums; equating to a 58% reduction between the first‐ and third‐year post‐sampling for lysis‐stored samples. These results raise questions regarding the utility of standardizing samples by dilution, while also illustrating the critical importance of considering storage approaches in studies of Haemosporidia comparing samples subjected to different storage regimes and/or stored for varying lengths of time.
Theory amidst complexity – using process tracing in ex‐post evaluations
Authors: Krueger Kate , Wright Molly
Published: February 2023

Evaluators who take a complexity‐aware approach must consider tradeoffs related to theoretical parsimony, falsifiability, and measurement validity. These tradeoffs may be particularly pronounced with ex‐post evaluation designs in which program theory development and monitoring frameworks are often completed before the evaluator is engaged. In this chapter, we argue that theory‐based evaluation (TBE) approaches can address unique ex‐post evaluation challenges that complexity‐aware evaluation (CAE) alone cannot, and that these two sets of approaches are complimentary. We will outline strategies that evaluators may use to conduct rigorous ex‐post evaluations of democracy, human rights, and governance (DRG) interventions that merge CAE's inductive approaches with a theory‐testing structure. It will illustrate these strategies with two case studies of ex‐post evaluation using process tracing (PT).
Soot sheet characteristics of turbulent diffusion fire using equivalent ellipse method
Authors: Bi Yubo , Hu Yanghui , Lu Shouxiang , Cong Haiyong , Gao Wei , Bi Mingshu
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates the soot sheet characteristics of buoyant turbulent fires using laser‐induced incandescence technique. Experiments are carried out for four fires using propane and nitrogen hybrid gases as fuel with propane fractions of 1.0–0.4. An equivalent ellipse method in previous literature was employed to evaluate soot sheet characteristics. The results show that soot sheet mainly exists in two kinds of morphology: one is small piece and the other is narrow and long piece. Both the probability density functions of the length and width of the equivalent ellipse and soot volume fraction of soot sheet are strongly dependent on height. In addition, the effect of propane fraction on the probability density functions is always opposite in the lower and middle part of the fires, while no obvious effect can be found in the upper part of the fires. Soot sheet number is found to increase with height except when propane fraction is 0.4. The total soot sheet number increases linearly with height within the scope of this paper.
Study on the effect of different treatments on soy flour, and quality and sensory evaluation of prepared biscuits incorporated with oats and soy flour
Authors: Pokharel Anusha , Dangal Anish , Karki Sunita , Lamichhane Sujata , Timsina Prekshya , Bohara Anamika
Published: February 2023

This study analyzed the effect of various treatment methods on the nutritional quality of soybean flour, as well as the study on the impact of soy flour and oats on the physico‐chemical and sensory properties of the prepared biscuit containing oats and soy flour. Six formulations of biscuit were designed using a design expert, prepared with soy flour, wheat flour, and oats flour. Autoclaved and germination followed by roasted soy flour were used differently with wheat and oats flour to prepare six samples of biscuit each. The soy flour was varied from 5% to 20% and oats flour from 5% to 15%, respectively. Raw soybean had tannin content of 500 mgTAE kg−1 and phytic acid content of 13,280 μg kg−1. Tannin content of autoclaved, germinated, and germination followed by roasted soybean was reduced by 22%, 38%, and 52%, respectively. The phytic acid content of soybean autoclaved, germinated, and germination followed by roasted was reduced by 30.6%, 46.8%, and 59.3% respectively. Sample D was found to be the best (p < 0.05) of the two superior samples (i.e., D and D′). The best product had 1.6% moisture, 23.2% crude protein, 25.2% crude fat, 1.3% total ash, 5.6% crude fiber, 44.8% carbohydrate, 120 μg kg−1 phytic acid, and 50 mgTAE kg−1 tannin content. The biscuit prepared from germination followed by roasted soybean flour had less anti‐nutritional factor compared with biscuit prepared from autoclaved soybean flour. Thus, in a composite flour, flour prepared after processing of soybean can be used to prepare nutritious and consumer appealing biscuit, with significant reduction in the quantity of anti‐nutritional factors.
Two‐scale computational homogenization of calcified hydrogels
Authors: Aygün Serhat , Klinge Sandra
Published: February 2023

The development of new type of hydrogels featuring enhanced properties is a recent topic and of particular interest for a wide range of industrial applications, especially in biomedical sector. The present contribution focuses on the mutliscale modeling of hydrogels that are treated by the enzymatic mineralization and thus enriched with calcium phosphate. More specifically, the calcium phosphate forms spherical or honeycomb structures in the hydrogel matrix, which significantly improves effective material properties such as stiffness and strength. The chosen multiscale finite element method (FEM) homogenization strategy uses the Hill–Mandel macrohomogeneity condition for bridging two scales: the macroscopic boundary value problem (BVP) simulates the specimen behavior, whereas the microscopic BVP investigates the representative volume element (RVE) depicting the heterogeneous multiphase microstructure. The approach proposed uses the Ogden model to simulate the hydrogel and the neo‐Hooke model for the calcium phosphate phase. It varies the RVE type and the macroscopic tests in order to study the influence of the microstructure on the effective behavior and uses experimental data to determine missing microscopic material parameters. Chosen numerical examples demonstrate the applicability of the numerical tool for the estimation of the optimal microscopic arrangement of phases.
MP‐RAVE:IR‐Prepared T1‐WeightedRadialStack‐of‐Stars 3D GREimaging with retrospective motion correction
Authors: Solomon Eddy , Lotan Eyal , Zan Elcin , Sodickson Daniel K. , Block Kai Tobias , Chandarana Hersh
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To describe an inversion‐recovery T1‐weighted radial stack‐of‐stars 3D gradient echo (GRE) sequence with comparable image quality to conventional MP‐RAGE and to demonstrate how the radial acquisition scheme can be utilized for additional retrospective motion correction to improve robustness to head motion.

Methods

The proposed sequence, named MP‐RAVE, has been derived from a previously described radial stack‐of‐stars 3D GRE sequence (RAVE) and includes a 180° inversion recovery pulse that is generated once for every stack of radial views. The sequence is combined with retrospective 3D motion correction to improve robustness. The effectiveness has been evaluated in phantoms and healthy volunteers and compared to conventional MP‐RAGE acquisition.

Results

MP‐RAGE and MP‐RAVE anatomical images were rated “good” to “excellent” in overall image quality, with artifact level between “mild” and “no artifacts”, and with no statistically significant difference between methods. During head motion, MP‐RAVE showed higher inherent robustness with artifacts confined to local brain regions. In combination with motion correction, MP‐RAVE provided noticeably improved image quality during different head motion and showed statistically significant improvement in image sharpness.

Conclusion

MP‐RAVE provides comparable image quality and contrast to conventional MP‐RAGE with improved robustness to head motion. In combination with retrospective 3D motion correction, MP‐RAVE can be a useful alternative to MP‐RAGE, especially in non‐cooperative or pediatric patients.
Effect of Seasonality for Optimization of Germ Cell Extraction from Mature Blue Catfish
Authors: Hettiarachchi Darshika Udari , Alston Veronica N. , Gurbatow Jeremy , Hess Hana N. , Su Baofeng , Johnson Andrew , Coogan Michael P. , Wang Jinhai , Xing De , Li Shangjia , Creamer David , Zadmajid Vahid , Butts Ian A.E. , Dunham Rex A.
Published: February 2023

Xenogenesis is an innovative tool for hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus × male Blue Catfish I. furcatus) seed production, accomplished by transplanting undifferentiated germ cells derived from a donor diploid fish into a sterile recipient, which then enables recipient fish to produce donor-derived gametes. There is potential to collect donor-derived germ cells from mature fish during certain times of the year depending upon seasonal temperature and serum sex steroid hormonal fluctuations. The objective of this study was to evaluate seasonal variations in germ cell counts and serum sex steroid hormonal profiles in mature Blue Catfish. Mature fish were collected monthly over the full annual cycle to quantify the number of live germ cells (spermatogonia A, oogonia), viability of germ cells, and levels of serum sex steroid hormones, including testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and 17β estradiol. Extracted spermatogonia A counts were highest from April to June, whereas a significant decline was detected from July to November. Extracted live oogonia counts were highest in April and gradually decreased to zero over the months of May to August. Seasonal variations in serum testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and 17β estradiol followed a similar pattern as the live spermatogonia A and oogonia counts. Even though spermatogonia A counts were relatively lower in mature than in immature Blue Catfish males, extracting spermatogonia A from mature Blue Catfish males during April to June provides an added advantage to the process of artificial fertilization, as it is required to sacrifice these fish to collect sperm.
Single‐stage chemical recycling of plastic waste to yield durable composites via a tandem transesterification‐thiocracking process
Authors: Maladeniya Charini P. , Tennyson Andrew G. , Smith Rhett C.
Published: February 2023

Environmental contamination by plastic waste is a growing threat to the environment and human health. Unfortunately, most post‐consumer plastics are still disposed of in landfills, even plastics that could be easily recycled via simple chemical processes. This disconnect between technology and implementation is partly due to the economic barrier posed by multi‐step processes that convert plastic waste into commodity goods. There is an urgent need for green methods to convert plastic waste directly into marketable commodities via simple processes. Herein we report a simple, single‐stage process to chemically recycle poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to yield composites having thermal and mechanical properties that are competitive with commercial structural materials like Portland cement. In this protocol, a mixture of PET and geraniol are heated with elemental sulfur. In this process, transesterification between geraniol and PET with concomitant thiocracking of the PET backbone leads to the formation of a highly‐crosslinked sulfur–PET–geraniol (SPG) network composite. The composite exhibited compressive strength (23.1 MPa) greater than that required for Portland cement to be used in building foundations. This new, single‐stage chemical recycling strategy thus employs a bio‐olefin and waste sulfur to convert PET waste into a durable composite that could serve as a sustainable alternative to traditional cements.