bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impulsivity v2
Authors: Norbury Ray
Published: October 2018

The ability to respond quickly in a flexible and changing environment is advantageous in many settings (Dalley & Robbins, 2017). However, if such impulsive behaviours are chronically expressed they become maladaptive and salient to a number of brain disorders and damaging behaviours such as smoking and binge eating. Emerging evidence suggests that chronotype, which is an individual’s preference for waking and sleeping with morning types preferring to rise and go to bed early and evening-types preferring to go to bed late and rise late, is related to impulsivity. For example, Kang and colleagues (2015) observed a significant association between subjective trait impulsivity (as measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS 11, Patton, Stanford, & Barratt, 1995) and chronotype in healthy young adults (Kang et al., 2015). Similarly, Hwang et al., (2016) reported that morningness-eveningness was related to both impulsivity and anger (Hwang, Kang, Gwak, Park, & Lee, 2016). Limited data, therefore, point to a link between eveningness and impulsivity (Hwang et al., 2016; Kang et al., 2015). However, although self-report questionnaires are often structured according to different subtypes of impulsivity (e.g. the BIS includes measures of attentional, motor and non-planning impulsivity) impulsivity if often condensed to a single metric (Hwang et al., 2016; Kang et al., 2015). In addition, few studies have supplemented subjective outcomes with objective laboratory-based measures and related these to chronotype. One study, Berdynaj et al., (2016) found no difference between early/intermediate chronotypes and late chronotypes using a computer-based delay discounting task (Berdynaj et al., 2016). However, the modest sample size (n = 86) and the collapsing of early and intermediate chronotypes into a single group limits the interpretation these data (Berdynaj et al., 2016). The aim of the current study, therefore, is to extend previous findings (Berdynaj et al., 2016; Hwang et al., 2016; Kang et al., 2015) to include both subjective and objective metrics of impulsivity. Decisional impulsivity can be objectively measured using: 1) Delay discounting, which is the preference for small, immediate rewards versus larger but delayed rewards. An impulsive choice in a temporal discounting task is reflected as a preference for smaller, more-immediate outcomes and follows a delay-dependent hyperbolic function. And 2) The jumping to conclusions task (as measure of reflection impulsivity) which assays the tendency to make rapid decisions without adequate accumulation and consideration of the available evidence. Motor impulsivity can be assessed using the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) which measures the ability to inhibit a response after it has been initiated (please see below for experimental details). Based on the extant literature, it is expected that later chronotype will be associated with increased self-report impulsivity. The proposed work also provides a unique opportunity to assess (in an exploratory manner) the relationship between chronotype and objective-measures of impulsivity.
Micropropagation protocol for the wild Brazilian greenberry (Rubus erythroclados)
Authors: Bueno Paulo Mauricio Centenaro , Biasi Luiz Antonio , Tofanelli Mauro Brasil Dias
Published: October 2018

This study presents the first micropropagation protocol for greenberry (Rubus erythroclados), a wild Brazilian species with edible green fruits. In the in vitro multiplication stage, three concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) were tested (0, 5 and 10 μM), combined with three concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) (0, 3 and 6 μM) in two subsequent subcultures. In the rooting stage, in and ex vitro rooting were compared after pulse treatment of the microcutting for 10 seconds in IBA (0, 2.46, 4.92 and 7.38 mM). For the in vitro trial, the microcuttings were maintained in glass bottles with an MS medium under controlled conditions inside a growth room. For the ex vitro trial, the microcuttings were planted in styrofoam containers with vermiculite and maintained inside a greenhouse with an intermittent mist system. R. erythroclados multiplication was obtained with the addition of BA to the culture medium, while IBA reduced the shoot proliferation and increased mortality. The ex vitro rooting showed the best results, reaching 95.8% for rooted and acclimatizated plants without IBA. An efficient and simple protocol can be used for R. erythroclados micropropagation with 5 μM BA for in vitro shoot proliferation and ex vitro rooting of microcuttings with intermittent misting.
Sistema Integrado de Diagnóstico y Recomendación (DRIS) para piña (Ananas comosus), variedad Oro Miel (MD-2)
Authors: López-Montoya Jennifer , Fernández-Paz Jéssica Alejandra , Vásquez Herney Darío , Menjivar-Flores Juan Carlos
Published: October 2018

La piña (Ananas comosus), es la tercera especie tropical más importante, se cultiva en países tropicales y subtropicales, en ese orden de ideas y dada la importancia del cultivo, se hace necesario contar con una herramienta para un adecuado diagnóstico nutricional, es así como la presente investigación buscó determinar las normas DRIS (Sistema Integrado de Diagnóstico y Recomendación) para el cultivo de piña, esta es una metodología de interpretación de análisis foliares, basada principalmente en el establecimiento de poblaciones de referencia para la obtención de normas o relaciones ideales de nutrientes, las cuales sirven para la interpretación del contenido nutricional de una determinada especie. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar, con seis tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones basados en diferentes planes de fertilización muestreando cuatros etapas del cultivo. Se usó un suelo con pH de 3. Los resultados mostraron deficiencias de B, S y Zn, elementos como el Cu y Na presentaron limitaciones por excesos seguido del Fe solo para la primera etapa y el P fue uno de los elementos minerales que presentó un equilibrio durante toda la etapa del cultivo. El orden decreciente de las limitantes por deficiencia para concentraciones en tejido foliar en piña se dividió en cuatro etapas de desarrollo del cultivo, la primera etapa de 3 meses después de la siembra, se encontró Mn>B>S>Ca>K>Mg>Cu>N>P>Zn> Na>Fe, la segunda etapa de 6 meses después de la siembra Zn>B>Na>Ca>Mn>Mg>K>N>P>S>Cu, la tercera etapa de 9 meses después de la siembra B>Zn>S>Mn>Ca>N>K>P>Mg>Na>Cu, y la última etapa de 12 meses después de la siembra B>Zn>Mn>Ca>Mg>N>K>S>Na>P>Cu.
Estimación de la concentración de clorofila mediante métodos no destructivos en vid (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Riesling Becker
Authors: Castañeda Cristian Santiago , Almanza-Merchán Pedro José , Pinzón Elberth Hernando , Cely German Eduardo , Serrano Pablo Antonio
Published: October 2018

El análisis de pigmentos en plantas es un procedimiento de laboratorio y comúnmente no es una medida inmediata que se realice in situ. El SPAD 502 y CCM-200 son equipos para estimar de modo indirecto, no destructivo y rápido el contenido de clorofila. La concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos se relaciona con la concentración foliar de nitrógeno, por lo que de forma indirecta se puede conocer la deficiencia o exceso del elemento, puede servir como fundamento técnico para sugerir el manejo adecuado del cultivo, en busca de potencializar la eficiencia fotosintética, calidad y el rendimiento de un viñedo. La investigación buscó comparar las mediciones entre el medidor portátil de clorofila SPAD-502 y CCM-200, en la variedad de uva Riesling Becker, bajo condiciones de clima frío tropical, y con ello determinar el comportamiento de clorofila durante el crecimiento de las hojas 4, 5 y 6, desde floración hasta vendimia. La relación entre las mediciones con el SPAD- 502 y el CCM-200 se ajustaron a un polinomio de segundo grado determinado por la ecuación, para el Índice de Concentración de Clorofila, como ICC = 0,014SPAD2-0,2396SPAD+5,8021. Con un valor de R2=0,9343 (n=96; P≤0,0001), el cual indica que existe una alta correlación entre los equipos portátiles empleados en el presente estudio para determinar la clorofila de forma no destructiva. Las evaluaciones realizadas con los equipos permitieron obtener medidas rápidas y confiables. Siendo importante la elección del momento de medición de acuerdo con el estadio fenológico de la planta debido a la alta variabilidad en los contenidos de clorofila que se presentan en relación a la filotaxia.
Productive and qualitative performance of tomato plants as a function of the application of plant growth regulators and mineral nutrients
Authors: Caixeta Sousa Marília , Rodrigues Luan Fernando Ormond Sobreira , Silva Mônica Bartira da , Cruz Janaina Oliveira , Diamante Marla Silvia , Martins Bruno Novaes Menezes , Simonetti Lilian Massaro , Rodrigues João Domingos
Published: October 2018

The tomato fruit is rich in antioxidant compounds and has great nutritional and economic importance, annually promoting research on the nutritional and productive characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate whether foliar application of commercial products based on growth regulators [auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin (Ax+CK+GA)], micronutrients [cobalt and molybdenum (Mi)] and mixtures of macro and micronutrients [nitrogen, boron, copper, molybdenum and zinc (Ma+Mi)], isolated and in combination, increase productivity and improve the post-harvest quality of tomato fruits (Predador F1). The experiment design used randomized blocks, with seven treatments and four repetitions, which were (T1) control; (T2) Ax+CK+GA; (T3) Ma+Mi; (T4) Mi; (T5) Ax+CK+GA + (Ma+Mi); (T6) Ax+CK+GA + Mi; and (T7) Ax+CK+GA + Mi + (Ma+Mi). The variables production, precocity, soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA), pH, total soluble sugars, ascorbic acid and weight loss were evaluated. The Ax+CK+GA application, isolated or in combination with Ma+Mi, promoted the precocity, and the use of isolated Ax+CK+GA and Mi improved the tomato plant productivity. The growth regulators, macro and micronutrients, isolated or in combination, increased the ascorbic acid content in the fruits.
Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings
Authors: Gomes Erik Nunes , Machado Marília Pereira , Miola José , Deschamps Cícero
Published: October 2018

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a plant with economic importance due to its use in the brewing industry. The cones produced by the species contain the main substances responsible for the beer’s bitterness and aroma. Hop plants cultivation in Brazil is still incipient and information on efficient methods for its propagation in this context are scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different leaf areas (two whole leaves, two leaves in half, one whole leaf, one leaf in half and without leaves) in herbaceous stem cuttings planted in environments with and without intermittent misting. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Curitiba-PR, Brazil (25º25’40 “S and 49º16’23” W). After 30 days of planting, the survival, rooting, sprouting and leaf retention percentages, roots number, average roots length and roots and sprouts dry mass were evaluated. Cuttings with one or two whole leaves and two leaves in half in the misting environment showed the highest rooting percentages (between 90.0 and 97.5%). In the without misting environment, the highest values were observed in cuttings with one or two leaves in half and one whole leaf (between 62.5 and 72.5%). Leafless cuttings had low survival percentages (2.5% in both environments). Under intermittent misting conditions it is recommended to prepare stem cuttings with one or two whole leaves and, in the absence of control over the environment humidity, cuttings with one whole leaf are recommended.
Efecto de cuatro inhibidores de etileno en la maduración del fruto de café (Coffea arabica L.) durante precosecha
Authors: Unigarro Carlos Andrés , Flórez Claudia Patricia , Oliveros Carlos Eugenio , Cañón Myriam
Published: October 2018

En el proceso natural de maduración de los frutos climatéricos, se puede modificar e intervenir los mecanismos de acción del etileno durante precosecha y poscosecha. En algunos frutos los inhibidores del etileno han permitido retardar su desarrollo. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de cuatro inhibidores de etileno en el desarrollo de frutos de café durante precosecha. En la Estación Experimental Paraguaicito de Cenicafé (04°23´ N y 75°44´ W, Quindío, Colombia) en un cultivo de café variedad Castillo® Paraguaicito, se instalaron bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar 13 tratamientos correspondientes a cuatro inhibidores de etileno que fueron acetato de potasio (0,5; 1,0 y 2,0% P/V), ácido aminooxiacético (1, 5 y 10 mg L-1), ácido salicílico (1, 5 y 10 mM) y aminoetoxi-vinil-glicina (25, 50 y 100 μg L-1) en tres diferentes dosis, además de un testigo absoluto. Los inhibidores se aplicaron 1 semana antes del pico de cosecha y 4 semanas después. Se evaluaron las variables producción de café cereza, peso de un fruto, frutos caídos y el porcentaje de frutos inmaduros, pintones, maduros y sobremaduros. Esto se realizó en la cosecha principal de 2016 y la cosecha secundaria de 2017. En la cosecha principal, los tratamientos aminoetoxi-vinil-glicina (100 μg L-1) y ácido salicílico (1 mM) retardaron el proceso de maduración al reducir entre 16,0 y 16,6% el porcentaje de frutos sobremaduros y aumentar entre 12,8 y 14,3% el porcentaje de frutos maduros, respecto al testigo absoluto. En la cosecha secundaria, los tratamientos y el testigo no difirieron significativamente en ninguna de las variables evaluadas.
Identificación y caracterización molecular del genoma completo de tres virus en cultivos de lulo (Solanum quitoense) de Antioquia (Colombia)
Authors: Gallo Yuliana , Toro Luisa Fernanda , Jaramillo Helena , Gutiérrez Pablo Andrés , Marín Mauricio
Published: October 2018

El lulo es uno de los renglones agrícolas más promisorios para la región andina de Colombia, gracias a sus excelentes características organolépticas y a su potencial para el procesamiento industrial. En Antioquia, se ha observado en los últimos años la presencia de plantas con síntomas de enfermedades virales, que incluyen amarillamientos intervenales, mosaicos y deformación de brotes. En este trabajo, se evaluó dicha situación en un grupo (bulk) de muestras foliares de plantas sintomáticas de lulo obtenidas en municipios del Oriente Antioqueño, utilizando la metodología molecular de secuenciación de nueva generación (NGS), y la confirmación posterior por RT-PCR. Los análisis bioinformáticos de las secuencias obtenidas (10.777.822 de reads) indicaron la presencia de tres virus de RNA en el transcriptoma evaluado; el Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) se encontró en mayores niveles de infección (40,4% del total de reads), mientras que los otros virus correspondieron al Potato yellow vein virus (PYVV) (0,09%) y Alstroemeria necrotic streak virus (ANSV) (0,06%), siendo posible obtener sus genomas completos. La ocurrencia de los tres virus fue confirmada en plantas individuales de lulo mediante pruebas de RT-PCR/secuenciación Sanger con cebadores específicos diseñados a partir de los datos de NGS (ANSV y CMV), o con cebadores reportados previamente (PYVV). En el futuro será necesario evaluar los efectos de estos virus sobre los rendimientos, longevidad de plantas y calidad de semilla en los cultivos de lulo en el país, así como sus métodos de transmisión, rango de hospedantes y sintomatología específica.
Comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de mandarina (Citrus reticulata Blanco) var. Arrayana: efecto de diferentes tratamientos térmicos
Authors: Balaguera-López Helber Enrique , Palacios O. Edgar Alfonso
Published: October 2018

La mandarina (Citrus reticulata Blanco) ‘Arrayana’ es una de las variedades más importantes en el país, sin embargo, las pérdidas en poscosecha son altas por la alta perecibilidad del fruto. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes tratamientos térmicos sobre el comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de mandarina var. Arrayana almacenados a 2ºC durante 40 días. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, donde se evaluaron los siguientes tratamientos térmicos: (T1) frutos testigo, (T2) frutos tratados con agua caliente a 50°C durante 5 minutos, (T3) frutos tratados con agua caliente a 53°C durante 3 minutos, (T4) frutos sometidos a calentamiento intermitente con ciclos de 8 días a 2°C + 1 día a 18°C y (T5) frutos sometidos a calentamiento intermitente con ciclos de 12 días a 2°C + 1 día a 18°C. Durante el almacenamiento no se presentaron síntomas de daños por frío visibles. Al final de almacenamiento, no hubo diferencias estadísticas en los azúcares sacarosa, fructosa y glucosa, la acidez total titulable, los ácidos cítrico, málico y ascórbico ni los sólidos solubles totales. El calentamiento intermitente se caracterizó por aumentar las pérdidas de peso de los frutos y la tasa respiratoria, pero generó mejor coloración de los frutos porque indujo mayor cambio de color de la epidermis al presentar mayor acumulación de carotenoides totales y una baja concentración de clorofilas.
Efecto parasítico de Trichogramma y del depredador Chrysoperla sobre huevos de Compsus viridivittatus, plaga de Vitis vinifera, en laboratorio
Authors: Pinzón-Hamón Diego Alonso , Martínez-Osorio John Wilson , Castro-López Mayerly Alejandra
Published: October 2018

Se evaluaron los potenciales parasíticos de Trichogramma exiguum y Trichogramma pretiosum y del depredador Chrysoperla carnea sobre huevos del picudo Compsus viridivittatus, plaga presente en cultivos de vid en Boyacá, Colombia. En ensayos con T. exiguum y T. pretiosum, se emplearon grupos de 240 huevos del picudo expuestos a densidades de 0, 15, 30 y 45 parasitoides. En el ensayo con C. carnea se empleó una larva de segundo instar del depredador y densidades de presa de 80, 160 y 240 huevos de C. viridivittatus. Los ensayos se establecieron en condiciones de laboratorio (18±2°C y 60±5% HR) con un diseño experimental completamente al azar. En los ensayos con T. exiguum y T. pretiosum el mayor porcentaje de parasitismo se obtuvo con una densidad de 45 parasitoides (69,4 y 82,5%, respectivamente). Se estableció que T. pretiosum fue más efectivo, parasitando huevos de C. viridivittatus que T. exiguum, originando una emergencia de larvas inferior al 13% y parasitismo superior al 70%. El ensayo con C. carnea evidenció que el mayor nivel de consumo (85,8%) se obtuvo con una cantidad de presas de 80 huevos de C. viridivittatus. No se presentó emergencia de los parasitoides tanto en los huevos expuestos a T. exiguum como T. pretiosum, atribuible a las condiciones ambientales y/o características intrínsecas del huésped C. viridivittatus. Los entomófagos evaluados originaron porcentajes de mortalidad en huevos del picudo, superiores al 50%, sugiriendo su posterior evaluación en campo para establecer un posible uso en programas de control biológico de C. viridivittatus en vid en Boyacá.
TRATAMENTO DO DEJETO DE SUÍNO POR BIODIGESTÃO ANAERÓBIA
Authors: Costa Adriano Adelson , Soto Francisco Rafael Martins
Published: October 2018

A suinocultura é uma atividade econômica de destaque no agronegócio brasileiro. Entretanto, a geração de efluentes em grande quantidade com potencial de poluição elevado caracteriza um obstáculo para o crescimento desta atividade. Diante deste cenário, este trabalho objetivou contextualizar a importância ambiental, econômica e sanitária do tratamento das dejeções suinícolas e descrever a tecnologia da biodigestão anaeróbia aplicada neste âmbito. A adoção da biodigestão anaeróbia se apresenta como uma alternativa eficiente para o tratamento destes dejetos. O uso de biodigestores promove um ambiente com condições anaeróbias que possibilita o desenvolvimento de bactérias hidrolíticas, acidogênicas, acetogênicas e metanogênicas que promovem a degradação da matéria orgânica e a reciclagem de nutrientes culminando na geração de subprodutos de valor agregado: biogás e biofertilizante, com desdobramentos ambientais, sanitários, econômicos e sociais positivos.
GESTÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE NO CULTIVO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Regina Bezerra , Silva Fabiana Ferreira , Meireles Yasmim Silva , Melo Felipe Lins de , Rodrigues Rayanne de Paffer
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar práticas de gestão sustentáveis no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. A questão-problema que motivou o estudo foi: que práticas gerenciais podem ser desenvolvidas visando à sustentabilidade no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar? Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa compreendendo a análise de um caso na região Nordeste do Brasil. No estudo analisado, buscou-se: identificar práticas gerenciais que visam à melhoria no processo produtivo do açúcar; evidenciar os impactos ambientais e sociais provenientes do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar; e apresentar os ganhos obtidos com a mecanização do processo de colheita. Dentre os principais resultados, observou-se que houve uma evolução histórica na extração da cana e na busca por uma produção mais sustentável. A pesquisa ainda constatou que o investimento em sustentabilidade é alto, porém válido, possibilitando ganhos de produtividade, reconhecimento dos clientes e abertura a mercados internacionais.
SISTEMAS E SUCESSÕES DE CULTIVOS NA FERTILIDADE DE UM SOLO DA REGIÃO DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Henrique Nirvani Schroeder , Schlindwein Jairo André , Pereira Elaine Cosma Fiorelli
Published: October 2018

O manejo do solo, com técnicas que possibilitem maior sustentabilidade, visa a sustentabilidade e recuperação do solo, maiores produtividades e maior retorno econômico ao produtor. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a fertilidade do solo (fósforo, potássio, matéria orgânica e pH) em função das profundidades de amostragem e sistemas de preparo do solo e cultivo. O experimento foi instalado em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Foi utilizado um esquema de parcela subsubdividida. Os preparos de solo foram: 1 - PRT - preparo tradicional (uma grade aradora e duas grades niveladoras), 2 - PRA - preparo alternativo (subsolagem), 3 - PDA - plantio direto com um preparo alternativo a cada quatro anos e 4 - PDC - plantio direto contínuo. O segundo fator utilizado foi a sequência de culturas, sendo estas: 1) SF: soja - feijão; 2) MF: milho - feijão; 3) SM: soja - milho; 4) MM: milho - milho. O PRT e PDC apresentaram menor fertilidade e na camada superficial do solo. O PRT apresentou menores quantidades de fósforo, potássio e matéria orgânica e o pH foi menor no PDC e no PRT.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE AMÔNIA EM INSTALAÇÕES DE PRODUÇÃO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE EM CLIMA QUENTE
Authors: Sousa Fernanda Campos , Tinôco Ilda Fátima Ferreira , Baptista Fátima , Cruz Vasco Fitas , Souza Cecília Fátima , Silva Alex Lopes
Published: October 2018

A qualidade do ar é um dos fatores mais importantes na produção avícola, uma vez que os poluentes aéreos podem alterar as características ideais do ar, favorecendo a susceptibilidade a doenças, além de causar prejuízos na produção. Apesar da grande diversidade de métodos existentes para quantificar a amônia, nem sempre eles podem ser aplicados nas instalações dos países de climas quentes. Assim, ainda são necessários estudos de comparação, adaptação e aplicação de métodos utilizados para quantificar a amônia. Com isso objetivou-se com essa revisão apresentar os métodos mais comumente utilizados para determinar a concentração e a emissão de amônia em instalações de produção animal em todo o mundo e ao mesmo tempo avaliar a sua aplicação nos aviários abertos utilizados nos países de climas quentes. A escolha do método mais adequado deve ser baseada considerando-se os fatores relevantes para a determinação da amônia. Diante da maior dificuldade na determinação da taxa de ventilação nos aviários abertos, as metodologias para avaliação da emissão de amônia que não dependam desse parâmetro são as mais indicadas.
PANORAMA MUNDIAL DO DESPERDÍCIO E PERDA DE ALIMENTOS NO CONTEXTO DE CADEIAS DE SUPRIMENTOS AGROALIMENTARES
Authors: Moraes Camila Colombo de , Souza Thiago Alves de
Published: October 2018

O desperdício e a perda de alimentos vêm criando uma necessidade de investigação, principalmente no contexto de cadeias agroalimentares, assim, o objetivo desse artigo foi fornecer um panorama do desperdício e da perda de alimentos em cadeias de suprimentos agroalimentares, tais como a de carnes, frutas, legumes e verduras e de cereais e grãos em um contexto mundial, apontando como ocorre o desperdício e a perda em cada cadeia, além de seus principais impactos e desafios. Através de uma revisão da literatura em bases de dados e em órgãos representativos à pesquisa, foi possível observar que a cadeia que mais se destaca com relação ao desperdício e a perda é a de frutas, legumes e verduras, embora seu impacto ambiental não seja tão representativo como a de carnes, que utiliza um grande número de recursos em seus processos, o volume perdido é expressivo. Com relação aos elos da cadeia, os que sofrem mais impacto com relação à perda são os de produção, pós-colheita, processamento e transporte, sendo mais representativos em países em desenvolvimento. Já os países desenvolvidos, os elos que mais se destacam com relação ao desperdício são o de distribuição (varejo) e consumo. É de extrema importância que haja o estabelecimento de uma abordagem holística entre todos os elos da cadeia, através de estudos mais aprofundados será possível entender os problemas encontrados por cada elo da cadeia, bem como criar estratégias e recursos mais adequados para a realidade encontrada em cada país.
Проблема воспитания в условиях глобальных угроз и рисков
Authors: Ильинский Игорь Михайлович
Published: October 2018

Проблемы воспитания предлагается рассматривать на фоне широких социальных угроз, геополитических рисков и глобальных вызовов для России, ее общества, экономики и системы образования.

Текст доклада на XIV Международной научной конференции «Высшее образование для XXI века: проблемы воспитания», которая прошла в Московском гуманитарном университете 14–16 декабря 2017 г.
Интеграционный потенциал этнокультурного неотрадиционализма
Authors: Мадюкова Светлана Александровна , Попков Юрий Владимирович
Published: October 2018

В статье развиваются сформулированные ранее авторами идеи о феномене этнокультурного неотрадиционализма, исследование которого базируется на последовательном применении социокультурного и системно-генетического методологических подходов. Традиция интерпретируется как устойчивое, но одновременно динамическое явление. Изменяясь под влиянием разного рода новаций в процессе актуальных межэтнических отношений, она, сохраняя связь с прошлым, существует в виде неотрадиции. Неотрадиционализм представляет собой не только определенное мировоззрение, концептуальное видение действительности, но и организацию самой жизни, устройство мира этнокультурного сообщества. Этнокультурный неотрадиционализм имеет двойственную природу: с одной стороны, он связан с автохтонной этнокультурой, с другой — стимулирован реальными межэтническими взаимодействиями.

В отличие от существующего в научном и политическом дискурсе представления о дифференцирующей роли традиции, авторы делают акцент на исследовании интеграционного потенциала этнокультурной неотрадиции и этнокультурного неотрадиционализма, раскрывая следующие его основные проявления. Во-первых, с позиции диахронного аспекта системно-генетического анализа неотрадиционализм представляет собой устойчивую связь, интеграцию прошлого и настоящего этнической культуры. Во-вторых, с позиций диахронного аспекта системно-генетического анализа он выражает интеграцию традиции и новации, определенный уровень межэтнической интеграции, поскольку реализуется в сети межэтнических взаимодействий. В-третьих, этнокультурный неотрадиционализм способствует «сборке» этноса, объединяя вариационное множество его субкультур и традиций. Этнос восстанавливается и реконструируется в результате пространственно-временной интеграции в процессе осознания его представителями дифференцированной целостности и развивающейся этнической идентичности. В-четвертых, аналогичные процессы происходят при формировании общенациональной идентичности, где в ходе «сборки» гражданской нации участвуют уже не этнические субкультуры, а полноценно сформированные на основе этнокультурного неотрадиционализма этнические общности. Локальный этнокультурный неотрадиционализм может приобретать общероссийскую перспективу, поскольку ориентирует общество на актуализацию и освоение традиции как наиболее глубокой основы единства государства и взаимопонимания его народов. Такая установка соответствует современным представлениям о роли традиций в общественном развитии, восприятию их не в качестве препятствия для модернизации, а как необходимого условия успешных социокультурных преобразований.
Стимулы к изучению русского языка у иранцев
Authors: Могаддам Хадеми Мохсен
Published: October 2018

В настоящей статье перечисляются стимулы к изучению русского языка у иранцев. В число этих стимулов входят увлечение произведениями русской классической литературы; посещение туристических достопримечательностей России, желание знакомства с русской культурой, ее достижениями в разных областях, интерес к прибыльным инвестиционным возможностям России; знакомство с русским образом жизни, привычками и менталитетом, значение русского языка как глобального; интерес к истории России; образование в России. Изучение русского языка как обязательного второго иностранного (после английского) в школах Ирана, предложенное руководством Ирана, может представлять собой значительный шаг по распространению русского языка среди иранцев. Безусловно, вклад национальной культуры, основанной на этом языке, в современную мировую культуру также имеет большое значение. Значительную роль в распространении лингвистического и культурного влияния по-прежнему будут играть объемы торговли с промышленно развитыми и густонаселенными странами и масштабы международного туризма.
Московское отделение Императорского Русского музыкального общества в сотрудничестве с Концертной дирекцией Германа Вольфа (1906-1913)
Authors: Шабшаевич Елена Марковна
Published: October 2018

В статье рассматриваются вопросы формирования концертного менеджмента в России на примере устройства русских гастролей зарубежных музыкантов в начале XX в., которые были организованы Московским отделением Императорского Русского музыкального общества через посредничество знаменитого берлинского концертного агентства Вольфа.

Деятельность Германа Вольфа является образцом последовательного выстраивания системы концертного менеджмента, основные принципы которого установились как образцовые во многом именно благодаря успешной работе этой дирекции. Агентство Вольфа сотрудничало не только с именитыми артистами (Софи Ментер, Ганс фон Бюлов, Йозеф Иоахим, Камиль Сен-Санс, Эжен д’Альбер, Эмиль Зауэр), но и с начинающими музыкантами, внеся заметный вклад в их будущую славу (Артур Никиш, Вильгельм Фуртвенглер, Иосиф Гофман и другие). Взаимодействие агентства Вольфа с русскими музыкантами имело прочные корни, оно связано с именами А. Г. Рубинштейна, П. И. Чайковского, С. В. Рахманинова. Установление деловых отношений концертного агентства Вольфа с Русским музыкальным обществом способствовало интенсификации концертной жизни России начала XX в. В статье это прослеживается на примере организации гастролей в Москве и Петербурге Эжена Изаи, Артура Шнабеля, Готфрида Гальстона, Хуго Беккера, Хуана Манена в течение 1906–1913 гг. Переписка Концертной дирекции Вольфа и Дирекции Московского отделения Императорского Русского музыкального общества, сохранившаяся в фондах Всероссийского национального музея музыки имени М. И. Глинки, позволяет проследить детали договоренностей: от согласования времени и даты, содержания концертных программ до размера гонораров.

Сотрудничество с таким опытным концертным агентством, как Концертная дирекция Вольфа, способствовало наращиванию опыта Московского отделения Русского музыкального общества как концертной организации, стимулировало взаимообмен русских и западных музыкантов.
Спорт в мире технологий: этос и биополитика
Authors: Попова Ольга Владимировна
Published: October 2018

В статье рассмотрено влияние современных технологий на формирование современной биополитики в отношении физической культуры и спорта и дано представление о развитии этоса поведения спортсмена в новых условиях технологической среды.

Констатируется, что ситуацию, которую мы наблюдаем в развитии современного спорта, можно условно назвать экспансией в мир социальных отношений парадигмы большого спорта, носящего в современных условиях развития экономических отношений прежде всего зрелищный характер. Современный спорт, кроме того, неразрывно связан с коммерциализацией современной культуры и распространением общего процесса технологизации всех сфер социальной жизни.

Показано, что следствием развития данных процессов становится превращение человеческого тела в товар (коммодификация телесности) и формирование особой биополитики, которая манипулирует биотехнологическими средствами, улучшающими физические возможности человека, и направлена на производство спортсмена-победителя. Современное общество имеет дело со стратегией действий в режиме цейтнота. Спорт вырабатывает особую форму эффективной темпоральности, в рамках которой получение результатов должно происходить в строго определенный промежуток времени, где каждая секунда способна изменить социальный и онтологический статус спортсмена. В то же время особая зона неопределенности современного спорта связана с пониманием пределов возможностей человека, со своеобразной прочностью его природы, имеющей вполне измеримые параметры, нарушение которых приводит к ее сопротивлению. Физическая выносливость спортсмена, его контроль собственного тела имеют определенные границы, и попытки их преодоления — вызов, который бросает спортсмену общество, тренерский состав и, что немаловажно, он сам. И это фактически означает вызов самой природе, испытание на прочность естественного порядка вещей.

Большой спорт создается в пространстве реализации силы человеческого духа и сопротивления слабой человеческой природы, которую закаляют, улучшают, совершенствуют и которая в каждодневных аскетических практиках модификации демонстрирует границы, прохождение которых ставит человека перед лицом идеального Я, с одной стороны, и перед лицом истощения и смерти — с другой.
EFFECT OF DEMAND UNCERTAINTY ON COST STRUCTURE OF TURKISH MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Authors: ÖZKAYA Hakan , UYAR Umut
Published: October 2018

Cost rigidity defines the characteristics of cost structure which is defined as the proportion of fixed costs to variable costs of firms. When the proportion of fixed costs are higher than the variable costs, then the cost structure is defined as a rigid cost structure. The structure of operating costs of Turkish manufacturing firms between years 1995 and 2014 is tested in terms of their “rigidity” in this paper. Moreover, the effect of demand uncertainty, as measured by the standard deviation of net sales, on the cost structure of operating costs is also tested. Findings support that higher levels of demand uncertainty are associated with higher portions of fixed costs in the cost structure (i.e., more rigid cost structure). That result contradicts the common wisdom that firms tend to lower the fixed costs in their cost structure as they are confronted with uncertainty.
Current Trends in the Development of Drugs for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and their Clinical Trials
Authors: Bachurin S.O. , Bovina E.V. , Ustyugov A.A.
Published: October 2018

Intracellular and extracellular accumulation of fibrillary proteins, beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated Tau, in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) leads to chronic and progressive neurodegenerative process. Overaccumulation of aggregates results in synaptic dysfunction and inevitable neuronal loss. Although the exact molecular pathways of the AD still require better understanding, it is clear this neuropathology is a multifactorial disorder where the advanced age is the main risk factor. Lately, several dozens of drug candidates have succeeded to phase II clinical trials; however, none has passed phase III. In this review we summarize existing data on anti-AD therapeutic agents currently undergoing clinical trials and included in the public websites www.clinicaltrials.gov and Alzforum.org as well as the Thomson Reuters «Integrity» database. We revealed three major trends in AD drug discovery. First, developing of “disease-modifying agents” could potentially slow the progression of structural and functional abnormalities in the central nervous system providing sustainable improvements of cognitive functions, which persist even after drug withdrawal. Secondly, the focused design of multitargeted drugs acting on multiple key molecular pathways. Finally, the repositioning of drugs that are already available on the market for the novel (anti-AD) application provides a promising strategy for finishing clinical trials and re-marketing.
QSAR Modeling of Acute Neurotoxicity of Some Organic Solvents with Respect to Rodents
Authors: Grigorev V.Yu. , Raevskaya O.E. , Yarkov A.V. , Raevsky O.A.
Published: October 2018

Using literature data analysis, the regression models of acute sublethal neurotoxicity of 47 organic solvents with respect to rats and mice have been developed. To construct the models, we used linear regression, random forest and support vector machines approaches. The linear regression equations were selected as the best models. They are designed on the basis of four molecular descriptors: polarizability, sum of positive atom charges, sum of proton acceptor descriptors and dipole moment. The developed models have good descriptive and predictive ability and clear physicochemical interpretation.
Luminescent Properties of Composite Systems Based on Polystyrene and Erbium(III) Phthalocyaninates in Near IR Spectral Region
Authors: Belogorokhov I.A. , Belogorokhova L.I. , Ryabchikov Yu.V. , Pushkarev V.E.
Published: October 2018

Composite materials based on polystyrene and ErIII phthalocyaninates of single-, double- and triple-decker structure were obtained, and their spectral luminescent characteristics in the near-IR (NIR) range were studied. All the ErIII complexes in these composites reveal 4f photoluminescence (PL), which is observed at 1550 nm for mono- and tris(phthalocyaninate), whereas in the case of bis(phthalocyaninate), the PL maximum is shifted to the short-wavelength region and appears at 1440 nm. A comparative analysis of the properties of composites and individual phthalocyanine compounds in films and solutions was carried out. In the case of a single-decker complex, this emission was detected for the first time in the polystyrene matrix, while for individual ErIII mono(phthalocyaninates), this process was not observed earlier.
Fluorinated α-aminoalkylphosphoryl Compounds. Synthesis, Chemical Properties and Biological Activitiy
Authors: Aksinenko A.Yu. , Sokolov V.B.
Published: October 2018

The review reports data on the synthesis of fluorine-containing α-aminophosphonates based on available organophosphorus and fluoroorganic compounds, some of their chemical properties and biological activity.
Assessment of the Adaptation Capacities of the Body Based on the Determination of the Natural Antibodies to the Endogenous Bioregulators
Authors: Myagkova M.A. , Petrochenko S.N. , Levashova A.I.
Published: October 2018

A comparative analysis of natural antibodies to bioregulators of the excitation and inhibition nervous system (glutamate and GABA) was performed in serum of people with different types of physical activity. Immunological monitoring was done in three stages: on day 1 (stage 1), on day 14 (stage 2) and on day 28 of examination (stage 3). The study included individuals who were intensively engaged in certain kinds of sports (Greco-Roman wrestling, hockey) and volunteers, who normally practiced a set of health physical exercises. A significant increase in the level of natural antibodies to GABA and glutamate was found with an increase in the duration of exercise in the training process compared with the control group. For individuals involved in various sports activities, the relationship between the intensity of the loads and the immunological parameters was established. Practical recommendation for the application of the developed method for an estimation of adaptation possibilities of the organism at changing physical loadings is given.
Pharmacokinetic Studies of New Stimulator of Brain Cognitive Functions OSPL-502
Authors: Pukhov S.A. , Grigoriev V.V. , Kozlovskiy V.I. , Romanova A.A. , Shishko G.D. , Neganova M.E. , Klochkov S.G.
Published: October 2018

The main pharmacokinetic parameters of a new stimulator of cognitive brain functions, OSPL – 502 have been determined: area under the concentration-time curve, elimination rate constant, half-elimination period, time to reach the maximum concentration, maximum concentration, volume distribution, total clearance and bioavailability of the dosage form. The main metabolites of the active substance of the dosage form of the new stimulator of cognitive functions OSPL – 502 have been analyzed. The data obtained predict the effects of the drug in humans relevant for further clinical investigation.
Bioisosteric Analogues of Cinnamic Acid as Effective Neuroprotectors
Authors: Neganova M.E. , Semenov V. , Semenova M. , Redkozubova O.M. , Aleksandrova Yu.R. , Lysova E.A. , Klochkov S.G. , Shevtsova E.F.
Published: October 2018

Compounds that act on mitochondrial functions are considered as promising drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and age-related dementias. As a basis for the creation of such potential drugs, bioisosteric cinnamic acid analogs and polymethoxybenzene derivatives were selected. Derivatives of cinnamic acid have a wide range of biological activities, which can be important for drugs aimed at the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer′s disease. In this work, the neuroprotective activity of bioisosteric cinnamic acid analogs and polymethoxybenzene derivatives was studied. Among the compounds studied, lead substances 3, 4, and 7 have been identified. These compounds show no intrinsic toxicity and have a neuroprotective effect on the cellular model of neurodegeneration associated with calcium stress. The mechanism of their cytoprotective activity is probably due to the influence on mitochondrial functions, because these compounds effectively suppress the calcium-induced process of mitochondrial permeability jump. In addition, one of the substances investigated (7) has antioxidant properties, showing the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation (LPO) of rat brain homogenate, which may be an additional mechanism of neuroprotective effect. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the investigated substances as a basis for the creation of effective neuroprotective drugs capable of influencing early stages of the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Mitochondria are an Important Target in the Search for new Drugs for the Treatment of Alzheimer′s Disease and Senile Dementia
Authors: Shevtsova E.F. , Vinogradova D.V. , Neganova M.E. , Shevtsov P.N. , Lednev B.V. , Bachurin S.O.
Published: October 2018

The review and summarizes own and literature data about the role of mitochondria as the important target in the search for drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Aging is a major risk factor for sporadic forms of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer′s disease. One of the most argued and currently accepted theories is the Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging. Mitochondrial hypotheses of the development of sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases particularly Alzheimer′s disease, are closely connected with it. Impairments of mitochondrial functions lead to a decrease in their ability to regulate calcium homeostasis in the cell and to a decrease in the threshold for the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pores. MPT inhibitors can be considered as a promising approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since these drugs can not only exhibit the properties of neuroprotectors, but also can provide normalization of synaptic activity due to increased calcium capacity of mitochondria. The review presents data on the number of MPT inhibitors, including endogenous compounds melatonin and N-acetylserotonin, their bioisosteric analogue Dimebon and a number of other compounds. The use of mitochondria as a basis for the formation of screening strategy for the search for compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is of particular interest – both as a test of their potential toxicity, and as a basis for the creation of metabolic stimulants and drugs with neuroprotective and cognitive-stimulating effect.
The HYBOT 3D MF Application and it Integration with CoMFA
Authors: Skvortsov V.S. , Mikurova A.V. , Raevsky O.A.
Published: October 2018

The program “HYBOT 3D MF” based on the potential “6-8” modified by using HYBOT hydrogen bonding factors has been developed. An integration with “QSAR and Advanced CoMFA” module of the SYBYL-X is performed by set of macros written in SPL. A full working version of the program is available at http://www.ibmc.msk.ru/HYBOT3D. For a number of sets of chemical compounds having pronounced differences in groups with the hydrogen bonding potential, the use of HYBOT 3D MF fields makes it possible to improve the predictive power of models created by the CoMFA technology.
Impact of otorrhoea and ossicular status on the effect of tympanoplasty
Authors: Rama Sridhar M.
Published: October 2018

Background: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of otorrhoea, osscicular and middle ear status on anatomical and functional results in patients undergoing tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy for chronic otitis media mucosal disease

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 100 patients with otological complaints (otorrhoea, hearing loss) attending the out-patient Department of ENT, at Mamata Medical College and Research Hospital, Khammam Telangana state during the period from December 2015 to July 2017. All the patients underwent a detailed general physical, otoneurological evaluation, hearing assessment by pure-tone audiometry prior to surgery. As per MERI the patients were evaluated for factors preoperatively and intraoperatively. Postoperatively the patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months to ascertain the structural (graft take up) and functional (hearing improvement) success.

Results: Otorrhoea was the most common complaint observed (48%). As per Belluci's classification of otorrhoea, maximum number of patients (52%) had a dry ear, wet ears (48%) and persistently wet ears (8%). According to Austin-Kartush classification 50 patients had an intact ossicular chain, defects of the incus in 36 patients, defects in both malleus and incus, stapes and incus was seen in 7 patients each. Majority of the patients 79% had normal middle ear status while 21% of them had middle ear effusion present. Majority of the patients belonged to the group of mild risk MERI (l-3) (n=69) patients, moderate risk category MERI (4-6) (n=26) severe risk (7-12) (n=5). Graft uptake was successful in 78 patients and failure in 22 patients. Hearing Improvement was noticed in 78 patients.

Conclusion: Otorrhoea and middle ear cleft status have an impact on the success of the tympanoplasty, while ossicular status did not have a significant effect on the outcome.
 CATEQUISTAS, ARTISTAS OU SOCIALMENTE ENGAJADOS: AS FORMAS DE INSERÇÃO POLÍTICA DO CATOLICISMO CARISMÁTICO
Authors: Procópio Carlos Eduardo Pinto
Published: October 2018

Este artigo analisa as formas de recrutamento e engajamento na Renovação Carismática Católica. Para tanto, olha para três linhas de atuação onde políticos em potencial são selecionados: catequético-conversionista, artístico-midiático e socialmente-engajado. Cada uma dessas linhas marca a maneira como os carismáticos católicos fazem política. Essas formas ajudam a entender alguns aspectos do ativismo católico hoje.