bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gal-3 (Galectin-3) and K
Ca
3.1 Mediate Heterogeneous Cell Coupling and Myocardial Fibrogenesis Driven by βAR (β-Adrenoceptor) Activation
Authors: She Gang , Hou Meng-Chen , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yi , Wang Yan , Wang Hui-Fang , Lai Bao-Chang , Zhao Wei-Bo , Du Xiao-Jun , Deng Xiu-Ling
Published: December 2019

Heart failure is associated with sympatho-βAR (β-adrenoceptor) activation and cardiac fibrosis. Gal-3 (galectin-3) and K
Ca
3.1 channels that are upregulated in diverse cells of diseased heart are implicated in mediating myocardial inflammation and fibrosis. It remains unclear whether Gal-3 interacts with K
Ca
3.1 leading to cardiac fibrosis in the setting of βAR activation. We tested the effect of K
Ca
3.1 blocker TRAM-34 on cardiac fibrosis and inflammation in cardiac-restricted β
2
-TG (β
2
AR overexpressed transgenic) mice and determined K
Ca
3.1 expression in β
2
-TG×Gal-3
−/−
mouse hearts. Mechanisms of K
Ca
3.1 in mediating Gal-3 induced fibroblast activation were studied ex vivo. Expression of Gal-3 and K
Ca
3.1 was elevated in β
2
-TG hearts.
Gal-3
gene deletion in β
2
-TG mice decreased K
Ca
3.1 expression in inflammatory cells but not in fibroblasts. Treatment of β
2
-TG mice with TRAM-34 for 1 or 2 months significantly ameliorated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis and reduced Gal-3 level. In cultured fibroblasts, Gal-3 upregulated K
Ca
3.1 expression and channel currents with enhanced membrane potential and Ca
2+
entry through TRPV4 (transient receptor potential V4) and TRPC6 (transient receptor potential C6) channels leading to fibroblast activation. In conclusion, βAR stimulation promotes Gal-3 production that upregulates K
Ca
3.1 channels in noncardiomyocyte cells and activates K
Ca
3.1 channels in fibroblasts leading to hyperpolarization of membrane potential and Ca
2+
entry via TRP channels. Gal-3–K
Ca
3.1 signaling mobilizes diverse cells facilitating regional inflammation and fibroblast activation and hence myocardial fibrosis.
KENTLİLİK BİLİNCİNİN OLUŞUMU VE KENTE ENTEGRASYON SÜRECİNDE HEMŞEHRİ DERNEKLERİNİN ETKİSİ
Authors: ŞAHNAGİL Sinem , GÜLER Tahsin
Published: December 2019

Sosyal, siyasal ve
kültürel birçok alanı etkisi altına alan küreselleşme, tarih boyunca insan ilişkilerini
merkezine alan kentleri de kaçınılmaz olarak etkilemiştir. Kentleşme sürecinde
yoğun bir göç dalgasıyla karşılaşan kentler, artan nüfus baskısı sonucunda
birçok sorunla baş etmek durumunda kalmıştır. Hem kentsel mekânların fiziksel
yapısını hem de bu mekânlardaki toplumsal yaşamı etkileyen sorunlardan biri de
kente göç eden bireylerin kentle bütünleşme durumudur. Kırdan kente gelen
bireyler, bir yandan sosyal ve ekonomik yapıya uyum sağlamakta zorluk çekerken
diğer yandan kentte yaşayanlar tarafından kabul görme endişesi taşımaktadırlar.
Buna karşın bireyin kenti sahiplenme, kendisini kentin bir parçası olarak
hissetme, kent yaşamına uyum sağlama ve sahip olduğu kentlilik bilinci seviyesi
kentlerin mevcut sorunlarının çözümünde önemli bir unsuru oluşturmaktadır.
Buradan hareketle kente göç eden bireylerin uyum sorunlarını hafifletmek için
dayanışma olgusunu temel alan ve tampon mekanizmalar olarak nitelendirilen
“hemşehri dernekleri” kurulmaktadır.

Temel olarak
hemşehriler arasında yardımlaşmayı sağlamak, onları bir araya getirmek ve
maddi-manevi destekte bulunmak gibi amaçlarla kurulan derneklerde, hemşehri
kavramı aynı memleketten göç edenleri tanımlamaktadır. Kente göç edenlerin
kırsal alanda edindikleri cemaat ilişkilerini kentte sürdürmelerine ve
geldikleri yöreye ait kültürel değerleri korumalarına hizmet eden hemşehri
derneklerinin, tam da bu noktada kente uyum konusunda ne derece işlevsel
oldukları tartışma konusudur. Zira dernekler söz konusu özellikleri ile
bireylerin kırsaldan getirdikleri yaşam örüntüleri içerisinde kalmalarına sebep
olabilmekte, dolayısıyla kentlilik bilincinin edinilmesini
geciktirebilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra derneklerin “hemşehri” tanımını
mevzuatımızla uyumlu olarak “o yörede ikamet edenleri” kapsayacak şekilde ele almak
yerine, “aynı yerde doğmuş olma” anlayışına dayandırmaları göç edenlerin
kaynaşma sürecini uzatan bir unsur olarak görülebilir.

Bu kapsamda
çalışmanın amacı, hemşehri derneklerinin göçün ilk dönemlerinde kente uyumu
destekleyici bir mekanizma olma özelliği taşımasına karşın sonraki dönemlerde
kentlilik bilincinin oluşturulmasını yavaşlatıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu tezi
ile hemşehri derneklerinin kentlilik bilinci üzerindeki etkisini açıklamaktır.
Bu doğrultuda yöntem olarak metin analizi kullanılmış, literatür taraması ile
çalışmanın temelini oluşturan kavramlar açıklanmış, yapılan alan araştırmaları
değerlendirilmiş ve konuyla ilgili mevcut durum tespit edilerek
gerçekleştirilmiş çalışmalara ilaveten yapılması önerilen hususlar ortaya
konulmuştur.
Questions and controversies in the study of time-varying functional connectivity in resting fMRI
Authors: Lurie Daniel J. , Kessler Daniel , Bassett Danielle S. , Betzel Richard F. , Breakspear Michael , Kheilholz Shella , Kucyi Aaron , Liégeois Raphaël , Lindquist Martin A. , McIntosh Anthony Randal , Poldrack Russell A. , Shine James M. , Thompson William Hedley , Bielczyk Natalia Z. , Douw Linda , Kraft Dominik , Miller Robyn L. , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Pasquini Lorenzo , Razi Adeel , Vidaurre Diego , Xie Hua , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: December 2019

The brain is a complex, multiscale dynamical system composed of many interacting regions. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal organization of these interactions is critical for establishing a solid understanding of the brain’s functional architecture and the relationship between neural dynamics and cognition in health and disease. The possibility of studying these dynamics through careful analysis of neuroimaging data has catalyzed substantial interest in methods that estimate time-resolved fluctuations in functional connectivity (often referred to as “dynamic” or time-varying functional connectivity; TVFC). At the same time, debates have emerged regarding the application of TVFC analyses to resting fMRI data, and about the statistical validity, physiological origins, and cognitive and behavioral relevance of resting TVFC. These and other unresolved issues complicate interpretation of resting TVFC findings and limit the insights that can be gained from this promising new research area. This article brings together scientists with a variety of perspectives on resting TVFC to review the current literature in light of these issues. We introduce core concepts, define key terms, summarize controversies and open questions, and present a forward-looking perspective on how resting TVFC analyses can be rigorously and productively applied to investigate a wide range of questions in cognitive and systems neuroscience.
The Wild Bootstrap with a “Small” Number of “Large” Clusters
Authors: Canay Ivan A. , Santos Andres , Shaikh Azeem M.
Published: December 2019

This paper studies the wild bootstrap–based test proposed in Cameron, Gelbach, and Miller (2008). Existing analyses of its properties require that number of clusters is “large.” In an asymptotic framework in which the number of clusters is “small,” we provide conditions under which an unstudentized version of the test is valid. These conditions include homogeneity-like restrictions on the distribution of covariates. We further establish that a studentized version of the test may only overreject the null hypothesis by a “small” amount that decreases exponentially with the number of clusters. We obtain a qualitatively similar result for “score” bootstrap-based tests, which permit testing in nonlinear models.
Breaking the Reputation of Female Rule in China: Daoism and the Rewriting of the History of the Reign of Wu Zhao (624-705)
Authors: Barrett T.H.
Published: December 2019

Usurpation by a woman made the reign of Wu Zhao a problem in the history writing of the restored Tang dynasty (618-907; interregnum 690-705) and thereafter that has often attracted the epithet ‘Confucian’. An examination of the rewriting of history to change the meaning of two miracles reported during her reign – the appearance of a new (though small) mountain and of Laozi, supposed ancestor of the Tang imperial line – shows that among those keen to repurpose these events were later Daoists, who were engaged in a long term struggle with the Buddhists, the main beneficiaries of her rule. This suggests that we need a more nuanced approach than simply designating all retrospective criticism of her as ‘Confucian’, even if the ultimate origins of the attempts at historical revision are as yet hard to discern.
Reptiles traded in markets for medicinal purposes in contemporary Morocco
Authors: Nijman Vincent , Bergin Daniel
Published: December 2019

Reptiles are traded globally for medicinal purposes. Historic qualitative accounts of reptiles used as medicine in Morocco are numerous, but contemporary quantitative data are rare. In 2013- 2014, we surveyed 49 wildlife markets in 20 towns throughout Morocco, plus the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. We recorded 1,586 specimens of at least nine species for sale in 14 of the Moroccan markets with a combined value of about US $100,000. The most prominent markets were those in Marrakesh, Meknes, Casablanca, and Fez, with the former two cites trading equal quantities of dried and live specimens and the latter two trading mainly dried specimens. Common species were the Mediterranean chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) with 720 specimens (506 dried, 214 alive) and the Bell’s Dabb lizard (Uromastyx acanthinura) with 428 specimens (247 dried, 181 alive), both traded in 10 markets, and spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca; 57 carapaces), for sale in eight cities. Over 200 African rock python (Python sebae) skins were identified and may have been illicitly imported from other parts of Africa. The turnover of Mediterranean chameleon and Bell’s Dabb lizard specimens after four weeks as measured by repeat surveys was 66% for both species, resulting in an estimated annual turnover of 1,520 chameleons (range 921–2,303) and 775 lizards (range 364–1,174). Despite legal protection and regulations locally within Morocco and internationally through CITES, reptiles are commonly and openly traded for medicinal purposes throughout Morocco. However, traders are not forthcoming in conveying the legal status of these species and restrictions on trade to potential buyers. Increased enforcement of existing wildlife protection legislation is needed to prevent this exploitation from the illegal wildlife trade that could negatively impacts imperiled species.
Sarcoglottis neillii (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae), a new species from the Andean Tepui Region of Ecuador and Peru

Authors: SALAZAR GERARDO A. , TOBAR FRANCISCO , JIMÉNEZ-MACHORRO ROLANDO , FREIRE EFRAÍN , PEÑAFIEL CEVALLOS MARCIA
Published: December 2019

Recent exploration of the foothills of the Cordillera del Cóndor, southeastern Ecuador, led to the discovery of an unknown species of Sarcoglottis, and subsequent study in Peruvian herbaria permitted to record it in Peru. Here we describe it as Sarcoglottis neillii and provide a detailed drawing and color photographs taken from live plants. We compare its morphology with that of similar members of Sarcoglottis and conduct a preliminary assessment of its conservation status. Sarcoglottis neillii belongs to a small group of species including S. metallica, S. maroaënsis and S. stergiosii, differing from the former two species in leaf coloration and from the latter in flower size and labellum morphology. The single known Ecuadorian location of S. neillii was destroyed by extensive open pit-mining activities, but the several records from Peru suggest that the species is widespread; three locations occur within the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park, but information on its actual range and potential threats is lacking and we suggest for it the category of Data Deficient (DD) until further field studies permit a better-informed assessment of its risk status.
Revision of the Australian bee fly genus Sisyromyia White, 1916 (Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae, Acrophthalmydini)
Authors: LI XUANKUN , YEATES DAVID K.
Published: December 2019

We review Sisyromyia White (Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae), a remarkable Australian endemic bee fly genus, which includes 11 species, including six species we describe as new here: Sisyromyia albisquama sp. nov., Sisyromyia angustivitta sp. nov., Sisyromyia elongata sp. nov., Sisyromyia maculipennis sp. nov., Sisyromyia umbra sp. nov., Sisyromyia vittata sp. nov. The genus can be easily distinguished from other Australian genera in the subfamily by having a one-segmented antennal flagellum, subapex of flagellum with some long hairs; a pale median stripe present on the abdomen consisting of dense, decumbent short scales, cell r5 open; cell br nearly as long as cell bm, crossvein m-m located on base of cell dm; crossvein m-m long, nearly as long as crossvein r-m. We also recognized one new synonym, and propose a new combination for Sisyromyia binghi Evenhuis. A key to species of Sisyromyia is provided, and we extensively illustrate their internal and external morphology.
Taxonomy of the rivorum species-group of Leucania Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: DOLIBAINA DIEGO RODRIGO , CASAGRANDE MIRNA MARTINS , SPECHT ALEXANDRE , MIELKE OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK , LEGRAIN ALBERT , ZILLI ALBERTO , GOLDSTEIN PAUL
Published: December 2019

The rivorum species-group of the genus Leucania (Noctuidae: Noctuinae: Leucaniini) is circumscribed and taxonomically revised, with the inclusion of three species. New taxonomic hypotheses were achieved through the morphological analysis of about 250 specimens allied to the type material of L. rivorum Guenée, 1852; L. pampa Schaus, 1894, stat. rev.; and Neleucania multistria Köhler, 1947, stat. rev., the last two resurrected from synonymy with L. rivorum and Dargida lithophilus (Butler, 1882), respectively. Adult habitus and morphology of the genitalia support the transfer of Neleucania multistria to Leucania, comb. nov. Lectotypes for L. rivorum and L. pampa are designated to ensure nomenclatural stability and recognizability of these taxa. Additionally, the similar, rust-colored species Leucania chejela (Schaus, 1921) is compared with species of the rivorum species-group, and is recorded from South America for the first time. All species of the rivorum group are re-described, with high-resolution images of taxonomic characters of the adults (head, patagium, and male and female genitalia), and updated distributional maps presented.
Robust path planning for avoiding obstacles using time-environment dynamic map
Authors: Zhao Xiaolin , Zhang Yu , Zhao Boxin
Published: December 2019

Small unmanned aerial vehicles are widely used in urban space because of its flexibility and maneuverability. However, there are full of dynamic obstacles and immobile obstacles which will affect safe flying in urban space. In this paper, a novel integrated path planning approach for unmanned aerial vehicles is presented, which is consisted of three steps. First, a time-environment dynamic map is constructed to represent obstacles by introducing time axis. Second, unmanned aerial vehicles’ flyable paths are explored based on breadth-first algorithm. Third, a path planning method using A* algorithm and local trace-back model is designed in order to discover sub-optimal feasible path rapidly in unmanned aerial vehicles’ field of view. Finally, the simulation results have illustrated that the proposed method can ensure unmanned aerial vehicles’ autonomous path planning safely and effectively in urban space crowded with obstacles.
A novel crease-resistant and hydrophobic dual-function foam coating for silk fabric by the one-step method
Authors: Ge Fangqing , Zhang Jinju , Liu Jingyan , Fei Liang , Wang Chaoxia
Published: December 2019

A dual-function silk fabric possessing crease-resistance and hydrophobicity is obtained by one-step foam finishing. A system with a high foaming ratio, containing hydrophobic reagent, crease-resistant agent, and foaming agent, is achieved by optimizing the hydrophobic agent. The results show the foamability and foam stability of finishing solution are enhanced slightly with the increase of the foaming agent dosage. The hydrophobicity and crease-resistance of the treated silk fabric are significantly improved. The contact angle of the treated silk fabric is increased to 132.6 ± 0.7° with the hydrophobic agent addition; meanwhile, the crease recovery angle was improved from 212.5 to 230.3° compared with the silk treated by crease-resistant agent, resulting from the cross-linking reaction of hydroxyls between the hydrophobic agent and silk fabric. SEM images reveal that the surface roughness of the finished silk fabric exhibits an obvious enhancement, indicating a film is formed by the resin curing on the fabric surface, which also explains why the crease-resistance and hydrophobicity of silk fabric are improved. The tearing strength retention ratio is increased 160% after the one-bath finishing of crease-resistant reagent and hydrophobic agent, and the breaking strength of the silk fabric is well maintained. The one-step foam finishing is a facile and energy-saving technology to endow the silk fabric with crease-resistance and hydrophobicity dual-function.
(Re)conceptualizing “Polydrug Use”: Capturing the Complexity of Combining Substances
Authors: Hakkarainen Pekka , O’Gorman Aileen , Lamy François , Kataja Kati
Published: December 2019

The use of multiple psychoactive substances is a widespread phenomenon among people who use drugs. Yet the concept of polydrug use is poorly defined in the social sciences. As a result, theoretical and empirical knowledge of polydrug use is underdeveloped; approaches to measuring polydrug use are inconsistent; and understandings of the cultural meanings of combining substances are limited. This article draws on a collaborative synthesis of three qualitative case studies of polydrug use from four countries: Australia and France, Finland, and Ireland. All three studies explored the practice of substance combination, or “combos” using the lens of intentionality, functionality, and social setting. In addition, the studies shared a common concern with teasing out the rationale for substance combining, and the controls used to balance pleasures with risks, beyond the simple physiological or sensory effects of substances. Our analysis leads us to recommend that a standard definition of polydrug use be adopted for future social science research—that is, the ingestion of two or more substances in combination, at the same time or in temporal proximity, so that the effects of different substances overlap. For analytical purposes, we suggest two subcategories: simultaneous and sequential intake. Moreover, we contend that it is the intention, meaning, and socio-structural context underpinning the use of substance combinations that is central to understanding polydrug use. Consequently, we suggest an adaptation of Zinberg’s seminal concept to one of “drug combo, set, and setting” to incorporate an analysis of the effects of using substances together, or in sequence within a short time frame.
Beyond Treatment Versus Enhancement: A Qualitative Study of Pharmacological Neuro-Enhancement Among Dutch and Lithuanian University Students
Authors: Hupli Aleksi , Didžiokaitė Gabija , Ydema Marte
Published: December 2019

This article examines the ambiguous relationship between treating illness and enhancing normalcy through the use of “cognitive enhancement” drugs. Although the literature on pharmacological neuro-enhancement generally differentiates between the “licit/therapeutic” and “illicit/enhancement” use of substances, in-depth interviews with 35 university students in the Netherlands and Lithuania—both with and without formal medical diagnoses of (mainly) Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder—reveal the fluidity of these categories. Our study of the perceptions and experiences of people who use such drugs further suggests a much broader range of substances, motives, and sought-after effects than are commonly acknowledged in the “cognitive enhancement” literature. We need a more inclusive and context-sensitive approach to study pharmacological neuro-enhancement, for instance, by approaching both licit and illicit drugs as tools or instruments.
Respondent-Driven Sampling With Youth Who Use Drugs: A Mixed Methods Assessment
Authors: Selfridge Marion , Card Kiffer G. , Greer Alissa , Ferencz Sarah , Lachowsky Nathan , Macdonald Scott
Published: December 2019

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) has been widely used for recruiting hard-to-sample populations, particularly men who have sex with men and people who inject drugs from large urban centers. The aim of this article was to examine the feasibility of using RDS among nonmetropolitan youth who use drugs. Between May 2017 and June 2018, RDS was used to recruit youth who use drugs, ages 16–30, in three nonmetropolitan Canadian cities. All participants completed a 1-hr interviewer-administered survey. Youth received $25 for the interview, up to five coupons to recruit peers and $5 per coupon returned. Crude and RDS-weighted descriptive statistics were produced using RDS-II weights as were homophily (the tendency for people to be similar) and network size estimates. Statistically significant differences between seeds and recruits were identified using logistic regression. A subsample of recruits participated in qualitative interviews ( n = 38). Data from these interviews were inductively analyzed to identify barriers that could be used to explain the challenges with chain-referral recruitment among this population. In total, 449 youth were recruited. Due to unproductive chains, 57.2% ( n = 257) of the sample was comprised of seeds and 322 (72%) did not have a single coupon returned. Barriers to recruiting other youth included logistical challenges, fear of police, concerns about confidentiality, stigma of substance use, and poor financial incentive. Our study shows that RDS can be used to reach younger participants but also highlights the need for formative research and flexibility in recruitment to help mitigate unsuccessful RDS among nonmetropolitan youth who use drugs.
New for Who?: Novelty and Continuity in Drug-Related Practices of People Who Use New Psychoactive Substances
Authors: Pickering Lucy , Greenwood Sharon
Published: December 2019

New (or Novel) Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are so named because they are characterized by a shared property of “newness.” In this article, we critically unpack NPS as a category and as a single object, bounded by a shared “newness”. In doing so, we examine whose ways of knowing are afforded epistemological authority and the harms that can emerge from an overemphasis on pharmacological properties at the expense of everyday practice. Through accounts of buying and selling NPS discussed in interviews with five “at risk” populations in Scotland, we examine the ways NPS use can be more usefully characterized by continuity with existing practices, relationships, and identities than by novelty. This raises the question that if everyday practices are not characterized by newness, what makes new psychoactive substances new? Comparing the discourses of pharmacologists and people who use them exposes contrasting claims about the “reality” of NPS: While pharmacologists describe their own ways of knowing as real, they often downgrade others as mere belief; those who use them do not do this. A common epistemological hierarchy is shared between these parties, where everyday practices (often characterized by continuity) are devalued relative to pharmacological ways of knowing that foreground novelty. When services have finite resources, this epistemological authority has significant consequences: When attention is paid to “newness” (in an attempt to gain mastery of an ever-shifting drug landscape), it is not being paid to the ways NPS are consumed within wider contexts characterized more by continuity with “traditional" drug use than divergence.
No-Show Rates in Employed Otolaryngology Practice
Authors: Comer Brett T. , Harris Lauren E. , Fiorillo Caitlin E. , Gal Thomas J. , Hughes Allyson
Published: December 2019

Objective:

To report baseline no-show rates in the hospital-employed otolaryngology practice setting and to identify factors that may affect clinic show rates that are targets for potential improvement.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Methods:

Electronic medical records from October 2012 through July 2014 of a hospital-employed otolaryngology practice were reviewed. Patients were classified by insurance type: commercial, Medicare, Medicaid, and self-pay. Clinic visits were classified as new patient, follow-up, or postoperative. No-show rates were tabulated for each type of clinic visit and compared. Factors to improve no-show rates are discussed.

Results:

There was an overall no-show rate of 8.3% for 5817 scheduled clinic visits. Among visit types, follow-up visits had the highest no-show rates. Among insurance types, Medicaid had the highest no-show rates. New patient Medicaid patients, follow-up Medicaid patients, and follow-up commercial insurance patients had the highest rate of no-shows among visit/insurance type combinations. Persistent reminders are a key factor in improving rate of clinic visit adherence.

Conclusion:

A previously unreported baseline no-show rate was established for hospital-employed otolaryngology clinics. The utilization of repeated, live-person reminders to mitigate the impact of clinic no-show rates needs to be further investigated.
Political Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Economic Development in the Fourth Republic
Authors: Igiebor God’stime Osariyekemwen
Published: December 2019

It has been observed by scholars and commentators that corruption is a major challenge to social, political, and economic development in any country. The consequences of corruption are unfavorable for the progress of any society. Against this backdrop, this article examines the effects of corruption on the economic development of Nigeria. It discusses the sociocultural, political, and economic factors responsible for the endemic nature of corruption in Nigeria and concludes that the “top-to-bottom” corruption in Nigeria has negatively affected the country’s economic development. To change this situation, the leadership must genuinely commit to fighting corruption from the top down; corruption control mechanisms need to be strengthened, the offenders need to be punished, and the citizenry needs to be mobilized to demand transparency and accountability.
Three-dimensional printed porous tantalum prosthesis for treating inflammation after total knee arthroplasty in one-stage surgery – a case report
Authors: Wang Fuyou , Chen Hao , Yang Pengfei , Muheremu Aikeremujiang , He Peng , Fan Haquan , Yang Liu
Published: December 2019

Chronic inflammation and bone defects after total knee arthroplasty are a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. There have been few reports on application of a three-dimensional (3D) printed porous tantalum prosthesis in such situations. We report an 83-year-old female patient who presented to our clinic with consistent pain of the left knee for 10 years and a severe decline in mobility for 2 years. Chronic inflammation, loosening of a tibial prosthesis with a bone defect, and severe osteoporosis were diagnosed. The patient was treated with computer designed and manufactured, personalized, 3D printed porous pure tantalum pad-assisted left total knee arthroplasty. The surgery went smoothly and the patient achieved a satisfactory recovery after surgery. A 3D printed porous tantalum prosthesis can be used to reconstruct tibial bone defects in patients with chronic inflammation after joint replacement surgeries.
First as Tragedy, Then as Farce: WEB Du Bois, Left-Wing Radicalism, and the Problem of Interracial Labor Unionism
Authors: Melcher Cody R
Published: December 2019

This article identifies and systemically analyzes a “core assumption” of WEB Du Bois’s social and political thought: the assumption that class-based, interracial cooperation among white and Black workers is extremely unlikely, if not totally impossible. It is argued that this assumption undergirds and informs most of Du Bois’s mature scholarship, serving as the theoretical grounding for his condemnation of the large-scale attempts to organize workers interracially on the basis of class, and explaining his uneven personal relationship with the Communist Party USA. Further, it is argued that this assumption leads Du Bois to attribute a methodologically untenable transhistoric logic to white working-class behavior, which has been adopted largely uncritically by contemporary analysts of white supremacy in the USA. The untenability of this Du Boisian logic is illustrated through historical analysis of interracial labor unionism, emphasizing the instances of interracial organization that Du Bois specifically denounced.
A bivariate power generalized Weibull distribution: A flexible parametric model for survival analysis
Authors: Jones MC , Noufaily Angela , Burke Kevin
Published: December 2019

We are concerned with the flexible parametric analysis of bivariate survival data. Elsewhere, we argued in favour of an adapted form of the ‘power generalized Weibull’ distribution as an attractive vehicle for univariate parametric survival analysis. Here, we additionally observe a frailty relationship between a power generalized Weibull distribution with one value of the parameter which controls distributional choice within the family and a power generalized Weibull distribution with a smaller value of that parameter. We exploit this relationship to propose a bivariate shared frailty model with power generalized Weibull marginal distributions linked by the BB9 or ‘power variance function’ copula, then change it to have adapted power generalized Weibull marginals in the obvious way. The particular choice of copula is, therefore, natural in the current context, and the corresponding bivariate adapted power generalized Weibull model a novel combination of pre-existing components. We provide a number of theoretical properties of the models. We also show the potential of the bivariate adapted power generalized Weibull model for practical work via an illustrative example involving a well-known retinopathy dataset, for which the analysis proves to be straightforward to implement and informative in its outcomes.
Tracking Men’s Perceptions of Women’s Sexual Interest
Authors: Treat Teresa A. , McMurray Bob , Betty Jodi R. , Viken Richard J.
Published: December 2019

Judging a woman’s current sexual interest in a specific man is a socially and emotionally complex decision. These judgments can be considered a form of perceptual decision-making in which men integrate both affective (emotional) and nonaffective cues. College men at risk of sexual aggression rely less on women’s affective cues and more on nonaffective cues, suggesting that cognitive processes may matter for real-world problems. However, in the real world, people may not have the luxury of waiting for processes to complete before they act. Recent work has used dynamic-competition models of decision-making to examine this problem. These models assume that affective judgments (such as interested vs. rejecting) are partially activated by multiple cues and compete over time. This work, in which mouse tracking is used to index partial decision states, demonstrates that on-line measures predict rape-supportive attitudes over and above off-line (judgment) measures. This offers a new way to understand the cognitive core of an important societal problem.
Practical considerations for the use of direct oral anticoagulants in oncology patients
Authors: Duong Arianne , Sing Sarah , Taketa Cathy , Miske Abby , Segal Eve , Garcia David
Published: December 2019

Oncology patients are at a high risk of experiencing venous thromboembolism. Historically, venous thromboembolisms in cancer patients have been managed with low-molecular-weight heparin on the basis of the CLOT trial published in 2003. However, recent prospective data provide evidence for safe and effective direct oral anticoagulant use in this population. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the current body of literature surrounding direct oral anticoagulant use in the oncology population and to highlight key practical considerations when prescribing these agents for patients with cancer.
From organizational learning to organizational mnemonics: Redrawing the boundaries of the field
Authors: Coraiola Diego M , Murcia Maria Jose
Published: December 2019

In this article, we advocate for a more balanced approach to the study of the past in management and organization studies. We define organizational mnemonics as a broader field of inquiry focused on theorizing the past as an integral part of organizational life, including three major epistemic communities—that is, functionalist, interpretive, and critical. We contend that much of organizational mnemonics research has been dominated by functionalism, at the expense of other approaches. To remediate this situation, we first characterize organizational mnemonics’ core epistemic communities. Second, we look at the boundary work at the interstices of these communities to explore possibilities of dialogue among them. We argue that the future of the study of the past in organizations should acknowledge different perspectives, the intersections among them, and make a conscientious effort to maintain diversity of scholarship in the field.
A hyper differential counterpublic: Muslim social media users and Islamophobia during the 2016 US presidential election
Authors: Eckert Stine , Metzger-Riftkin Jade , Kolhoff Sean , O’Shay-Wallace Sydney
Published: December 2019

We interviewed 61 Muslims in 15 focus groups from the most visible Muslim population in the United States: the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Participants shared their experiences of and responses to Islamophobia on social media and face-to-face during the 2016 US presidential election campaign and aftermath. Applying Fraser’s and Squires’ theories of counterpublics, we developed an adapted understanding of counterpublics in collapsed contexts of online and face-to-face spaces. We argue that everyday Muslim internet users in the United States are an example of a hyper differential counterpublic. They face the pressures of near ubiquitous and ever evolving Islamophobic attacks, while needing to engage with the internet for personal and professional purposes. We suggest that hyper differential counterpublics operate in collapsed contexts of mixed, unimaginable publics, switch between group and individual responses, and craft hyper situational responses to discriminations case by case.
Openings in follow-up cancer consultations: The ‘How are you?’ question revisited
Authors: van der Laaken Manon , Bannink Anne
Published: December 2019

The standard process for starting anamnesis in the follow-up cancer consultation is for the doctor to ask a ‘How are you?’ question. This question gives the patient the opportunity to give a gloss of their general condition and offer the first topic of discussion. Findings in earlier analyses of US and UK data in a broad array of medical contexts show that the question is ambiguous and hence patients may interpret it as social rather than medical. A discourse analysis of a corpus of 28 video-taped consultations shows that the ‘How are you?’ question in the context of Dutch follow-up cancer consultations is consistently interpreted by both doctor and patients as a holistic medical question, making relevant a – frequently complex and nuanced – medically oriented response. We suggest that this difference may have to do with the interactional norms of hospital visits in the Netherlands, and with the specific contextual parameters of return visits, more specifically with follow-up cancer consultations, which affect the way the HAY question is placed, intended and understood.
Prediction of major adverse cardiac, cerebrovascular events in patients with diabetes after acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Baluja Aurora , Rodríguez-Mañero Moisés , Cordero Alberto , Kreidieh Bahij , Iglesias-Alvarez Diego , García-Acuña Jose M , Martínez-Gómez Alvaro , Agra-Bermejo Rosa , Alvarez-Rodríguez Leyre , Abou-Jokh Charigan , López-Ratón Mónica , Gude-Sampedro Francisco , Alvarez-Escudero Julián , González-Juanatey Jose R
Published: December 2019

Background and objectives:

The risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events following acute coronary syndrome is increased in people with diabetes. Predicting out-of-hospital outcomes upon follow-up remains difficult, and no simple, well-validated tools exist for this population at present. We aim to evaluate several factors in a competing risks model for actionable evaluation of the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in diabetic outpatients following acute coronary syndrome.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome in two centres. A Fine–Gray competing risks model was adjusted to predict major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events and all-cause mortality. A point-based score is presented that is based on this model.

Results:

Out of the 1400 patients, there were 783 (55.9%) with at least one major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (417 deaths). Of them, 143 deaths were due to non-major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. Predictive Fine–Gray models show that the ‘PG-HACKER’ risk factors (gender, age, peripheral arterial disease, left ventricle function, previous congestive heart failure, Killip class and optimal medical therapy) were associated to major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.

Conclusion:

The PG-HACKER score is a simple and effective tool that is freely available and easily accessible to physicians and patients. The PG-HACKER score can predict major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events following acute coronary syndrome in patients with diabetes.
A Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in a Retrospective Cohort of Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Small Bronwyn Larissa , Gomes Marcelo P. , McCurry Kenneth R. , Han Xiaozhen , Ataya Ali , Akindipe Olufemi , Lane C. Randall , Budev Marie
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is characterized by thrombocytopenia and potential for thromboembolism. Lung transplant recipients are at risk of developing HIT due to heparin exposure peritransplant. We describe the incidence and impact of HIT in lung transplant recipient index hospital length of stay and survival.

Design:

A retrospective cohort was obtained from electronic medical records which were queried for all recipients treated with bivalirudin (institutional treatment of choice for HIT) between January 1, 2005, and February 16, 2017 (N = 1171). Patients who developed HIT >30 days after transplant or after their index transplant admission were excluded. A diagnostic algorithm was used retrospectively to determine clinical HIT with an intermediate or high pretest clinical suspicion (“4T” score ≥4) and either (1) positive anti-heparin–platelet-factor 4 (HPF4) assay and a positive functional platelet assay or (2) a positive HPF4 assay only, in patients who did not undergo cardiopulmonary bypass.

Results:

Among all lung transplant recipients, 2.1% were found to develop HIT in the peritransplant period (N = 25, mean = 88%) with a mean lung allocation score of 50.8 and an incidence of venous thromboembolism of 72%, most upper extremity in location. When matched with historical controls, patients with HIT had a longer overall index hospital length of stay of 43 days ( P = .008). There was no difference in short- or long-term survival posttransplant.

Conclusion:

Vigilance for the development of HIT in lung transplant recipients is necessary to prevent further morbidity from thromboembolic events. In our cohort, HIT increased hospital length of stay but did not appear to affect recipient survival.
When should cardiovascular prevention begin? The importance of antenatal, perinatal and primordial prevention
Authors: D’Ascenzi Flavio , Sciaccaluga Carlotta , Cameli Matteo , Cecere Annagrazia , Ciccone Marco M , Di Francesco Simona , Ganau Antonello , Imbalzano Egidio , Liga Riccardo , Palermo Pietro , Palmiero Pasquale , Parati Gianfranco , Pedrinelli Roberto , Scicchitano Piero , Zito Annapaola , Mattioli Anna V
Published: December 2019

Cardiovascular diseases represent a major health problem, being one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, in this scenario, cardiovascular prevention plays an essential role although it is difficult to establish when promoting and implementing preventive strategies. However, there is growing evidence that prevention should start even before birth, during pregnancy, aiming to avoid the onset of cardiovascular risk factors, since events that occur early in life have a great impact on the cardiovascular risk profile of an adult. The two pillars of this early preventive strategy are nutrition and physical exercise, together with prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases during pregnancy. This review attempts to gather the growing evidence of the benefits of antenatal, perinatal and primordial prevention, discussing also the possibility to reverse or to mitigate the cardiovascular profile developed in the initial stages of life. This could pave the way for future research, investigating the optimal time and duration of these preventing measures, their duration and maintenance in adulthood, and the most effective interventions according to the different age and guiding in the next years, the best clinical practice and the political strategies to cope with cardiovascular disease.
Physician Burnout, Resilience, and Patient Experience in a Community Practice: Correlations and the Central Role of Activation
Authors: Howell Thomas G , Mylod Deirdre E , Lee Thomas H , Shanafelt Tait , Prissel Pam
Published: December 2019

Clinician burnout and patient experience are important issues that are often considered separately. New measures of resilience may influence both. We explored relationships among clinician resilience, burnout, and patient experience. Analysis included 490 physicians who completed surveys measuring burnout and resilience (decompression and activation) and had at least 30 patient experience surveys available for analysis. Burnout was measured with 2 items from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) which were part of the organization’s ongoing measurement of clinician experience. Resilience was measured with 8 items from 2 Press Ganey validated subscales related to clinicians’ ability to decompress from work and their experience of feeling of activation and connection to purpose while at work. Clinicians reporting more frequent symptoms of burnout based on the MBI items reported less ability to decompress ( r for individual measures ranged from −.183 to −.475, P < .01) and less feeling of activation ( r for individual measures ranged from −.116 to −.401, P < .01). Individual elements of decompression and activation were significantly associated with patient experience. In terms of activation, feeling that one’s work makes a difference ( r ranged from .121 to .159, P < .05) and believing one’s work to be meaningful ( r ranged from .102 to .135, P < .05) were positively associated with patient experience with their care provider. However, elements of decompression such as being able to free one’s mind from work ( r ranged from −.092 to −.119, P < .05) and being able to disconnect from work communications such as e-mails ( r ranged from −.094 to −.130, P < .05) were negatively associated with patient experience with their care providers. Patient and provider experience are intertwined in that clinician resilience is associated with both burnout and patient experience, but individual mechanisms of resilience may be beneficial for the clinician but not for the patient.
A Qualitative Examination of Social Changes and Challenges in Rural Adolescents With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rennie Brandon J. , Goforth Anisa N.
Published: December 2019

This article describes the results of a qualitative investigation of social changes and challenges for rural adolescents who have a traumatic brain injury (TBI). We interviewed adolescents with mild to moderate TBI and their mothers using an iterative approach based in grounded theory. Interviews focused on social adjustment and interaction as well as environmental variables, especially those related to the adolescents’ rural status. In-depth interviews produced multifaceted and interrelated social process themes expressed by participants in the study. Four umbrella themes emerged, which were personal change, environmental response, social needs, and facilitators and inhibitors of intentional changes (FIICs). These themes, and their subthemes, capture both assets and needs as they develop over time and provide guidance for both researchers and practitioners working with adolescents who have a TBI.
Longitudinal assessment of clonal mosaicism in human hematopoiesis via mitochondrial mutation tracking
Authors: Lareau Caleb A. , Ludwig Leif S. , Sankaran Vijay G.
Published: December 2019

Our ability to track cellular dynamics in humans over time in vivo has been limited. Here, we demonstrate how somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be used to longitudinally track the dynamic output of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in humans. Over the course of 3 years of blood sampling in a single individual, our analyses reveal somatic mtDNA sequence variation and evolution reminiscent of models of hematopoiesis established by genetic labeling approaches. Furthermore, we observe fluctuations in mutation heteroplasmy, coinciding with specific clinical events, such as infections, and further identify lineage-specific somatic mtDNA mutations in longitudinally sampled circulating blood cell subsets in individuals with leukemia. Collectively, these observations indicate the significant potential of using tracking of somatic mtDNA sequence variation as a broadly applicable approach to systematically assess hematopoietic clonal dynamics in human health and disease.
Trends and risk factors for death and excess all-cause mortality among notified tuberculosis patients in the UK: an analysis of surveillance data
Authors: Pedrazzoli Debora , Kranzer Katharina , Thomas H. Lucy , Lalor Maeve K.
Published: December 2019

Introduction

In the UK, several hundred patients notified with tuberculosis (TB) die every year. The aim of this article is to describe trends in deaths among notified TB patients, explore risk factors associated with death and compare all-cause mortality in TB patients with age-specific mortality rates in the general UK population.

Methods

We used 2001–2014 data from UK national TB surveillance to explore trends and risk factors for death, and population mortality data to compare age-specific death rates among notified TB patients with annual death rates in the UK general population.

Results

The proportion of TB patients in the UK who died each year declined steadily from 7.1% in 2002 to 5.5% in 2014. One in five patients (21.3%) was diagnosed with TB post-mortem. Where information was available, almost half of the deaths occurred within 2 months of starting treatment. Risk factors for death included demographic, disease-specific and social risk factors. Age had by far the largest effect, with patients aged ≥80 years having a 70 times increased risk of death compared with those aged <15 years. In contrast, excess mortality determined by incidence ratios comparing all-cause mortality among TB patients with that of the general population was highest among children and the working-age population (15–64 years old).

Conclusions

Efforts to control TB and improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes in the UK need to be sustained. Control efforts need to focus on socially deprived and vulnerable groups. There is a need for further in-depth analysis of deaths of TB patients in the UK to identify potentially preventable factors.