bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction between bacterial microbiota and nematode parasite communities in sheep’s gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Mate Laura , Alvarez Luis Ignacio , Lloberas Mercedes , Imperiale Fernanda , Lanusse Carlos Edmundo , Liron Juan Pedro
Published: June 2024

The economic impact of gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infections on livestock production is well documented worldwide. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that parasite colonization induces significant changes in the GI tract environment and, therefore, in the landscape where the microbiota and parasites occur. Understanding the interactions between bacterial and parasite populations in the digestive tract of livestock may be useful to design parasite control strategies based on microbiota modification. The aims of this work were to investigate the impact of the oxytetracycline-mediated manipulation of the gut microbial community on the composition of GI nematode populations in naturally infected sheep and to explore changes in the GI microbial communities after nematode population treatment with the anthelmintic compound monepantel. Extensive manipulation of the GI microbiota with a therapeutic dose of the long-acting oxytetracycline formulation did not induce significant changes in the GI nematode burden. The gut microbiota of treated animals returned to control levels 17 days after treatment, suggesting strong resilience of the sheep microbial community to antibiotic-mediated microbiota perturbation. A significant decrease of the bacterial Mycoplasmataceae family (Log2FC = -4, Padj = 0.001) and a marked increase of the Methanobacteriaceae family (Log2FC = 2.9, Padj = 0.018) were observed in the abomasum of sheep receiving the monepantel treatment. While a comprehensive evaluation of the interactions among GI mycoplasma, methanobacteria and nematode populations deserves further assessment, the bacteria-nematode population interactions should be included in future control programs in livestock production. Understanding how bacteria and parasites may influence each other in the GI tract environment may substantially contribute to the knowledge of the role of microbiota composition in nematode parasite establishment and the role of the parasites in the microbiota composition.
Generation of a bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei double glycosyltransferase null mutant competent in receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin
Authors: Duncan Samuel M. , Carbajo Carla Gilabert , Nagar Rupa , Zhong Qi , Breen Conor , Ferguson Michael A. J. , Tiengwe Calvin
Published: June 2024

The bloodstream form ofTrypanosoma bruceiexpresses large poly-N-acetyllactosamine (pNAL) chains on complexN-glycans of a subset of glycoproteins. It has been hypothesised that pNAL may be required for receptor-mediated endocytosis. African trypanosomes contain a unique family of glycosyltransferases, the GT67 family. Two of these, TbGT10 and TbGT8, have been shown to be involved in pNAL biosynthesis in bloodstream formTrypanosoma brucei, raising the possibility that deleting both enzymes simultaneously might abolish pNAL biosynthesis and provide clues to pNAL function and/or essentiality. In this paper, we describe the creation of aTbGT10null mutant containing a singleTbGT8allele that can be excised upon the addition of rapamycin and, from that, aTbGT10andTbGT8double null mutant. These mutants were analysed by lectin blotting, glycopeptide methylation linkage analysis and flow cytometry. The data show that the mutants are defective, but not abrogated, in pNAL synthesis, suggesting that other GT67 family members can compensate to some degree for loss of TbGT10 and TbGT8. Despite there being residual pNAL synthesis in these mutants, certain glycoproteins appear to be particularly affected. These include the lysosomal CBP1B serine carboxypeptidase, cell surface ESAG2 and the ESAG6 subunit of the essential parasite transferrin receptor (TfR). The pNAL deficient TfR in the mutants continued to function normally with respect to protein stability, transferrin binding, receptor mediated endocytosis of transferrin and subcellular localisation. Further the pNAL deficient mutants were as viable as wild type parasitesin vitroand inin vivomouse infection experiments. Although we were able to reproduce the inhibition of transferrin uptake with high concentrations of pNAL structural analogues (N-acetylchito-oligosaccharides), this effect disappeared at lower concentrations that still inhibited tomato lectin uptake, i.e., at concentrations able to outcompete lectin-pNAL binding. Based on these findings, we recommend revision of the pNAL-dependent receptor mediated endocytosis hypothesis.
The lipopeptide Pam3CSK4 inhibits Rift Valley fever virus infection and protects from encephalitis
Authors: Griesman Trevor , McMillen Cynthia M. , Negatu Seble Getenet , Hulahan Jesse J. , Whig Kanupriya , Dohnalová Lenka , Dittmar Mark , Thaiss Christoph A. , Jurado Kellie A. , Schultz David C. , Hartman Amy L. , Cherry Sara
Published: June 2024

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an encephalitic bunyavirus that can infect neurons in the brain. There are no approved therapeutics that can protect from RVFV encephalitis. Innate immunity, the first line of defense against infection, canonically antagonizes viruses through interferon signaling. We found that interferons did not efficiently protect primary cortical neurons from RVFV, unlike other cell types. To identify alternative neuronal antiviral pathways, we screened innate immune ligands and discovered that the TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 inhibited RVFV infection, and other bunyaviruses. Mechanistically, we found that Pam3CSK4 blocks viral fusion, independent of TLR2. In a mouse model of RVFV encephalitis, Pam3CSK4 treatment protected animals from infection and mortality. Overall, Pam3CSK4 is a bunyavirus fusion inhibitor active in primary neurons and the brain, representing a new approach toward the development of treatments for encephalitic bunyavirus infections.
Activation loop phosphorylation and cGMP saturation of PKG regulate egress of malaria parasites
Authors: Koussis Konstantinos , Haase Silvia , Withers-Martinez Chrislaine , Flynn Helen R. , Kunzelmann Simone , Christodoulou Evangelos , Ibrahim Fairouz , Skehel Mark , Baker David A. , Blackman Michael J.
Published: June 2024

The cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is the sole cGMP sensor in malaria parasites, acting as an essential signalling hub to govern key developmental processes throughout the parasite life cycle. Despite the importance of PKG in the clinically relevant asexual blood stages, many aspects of malarial PKG regulation, including the importance of phosphorylation, remain poorly understood. Here we use genetic and biochemical approaches to show that reduced cGMP binding to cyclic nucleotide binding domain B does not affect in vitro kinase activity but prevents parasite egress. Similarly, we show that phosphorylation of a key threonine residue (T695) in the activation loop is dispensable for kinase activity in vitro but is essential for in vivo PKG function, with loss of T695 phosphorylation leading to aberrant phosphorylation events across the parasite proteome and changes to the substrate specificity of PKG. Our findings indicate that Plasmodium PKG is uniquely regulated to transduce signals crucial for malaria parasite development.
Bilbao Effect 2.0: The Making of M+
Authors: Li Anqi
Published: June 2024

Discussions of the intersection of art museums and socio-economics have become an increasingly provocative topic both in the art and museum worlds and the fields of urban studies and cultural studies. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive theoretical framework in the twenty-first century that considers this interplay across an international field. I examine Hong Kong’s M+ Museum, which is one of the cultural facilities comprising the West Kowloon Cultural District, a development conceived in the late 1990s following Hong Kong’s handover to China in 1997. How has M+ manoeuvred through the twin pressures to be socio-economically promising and strategically prudent within a delicate balance between culture and politics? I argue that M+ negotiates a nuanced interplay of soft power, museum governance, collection strategy and architectural design, ultimately manifesting what I term the Bilbao Effect 2.0. Literature on the Bilbao Effect within art and museum studies considers its cultural and architectural impact and within urban studies and cultural studies, focuses on the tension between institutional identity and social constructs. However, when placed into an historical and interdisciplinary model that accounts for an art museum’s quest for cultural autonomy and social, economic and political ambitions, it becomes apparent that the Bilbao Effect 2.0 is a nuanced and expanded iteration, reflecting the tug-of-war on a global stage.
Predictors of Persistent Postoperative Numbness Following Lumbar Fusion in Patients Older Than 75 Years: A Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Tsujimoto Takeru , Kanayama Masahiro , Fukada Shotaro , Oha Fumihiro , Shimamura Yukitoshi , Hasegawa Yuichi , Hashimoto Tomoyuki , Kakutani Kenichiro , Yurube Takashi , Takeoka Yoshiki , Miyazaki Kunihiko , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: June 2024

Objective: To evaluate the preoperative and perioperative predictors of persistent leg numbness following lumbar fusion in patients aged ≥ 75 years.Methods: This single-center retrospective study examined 304 patients aged ≥ 75 years who underwent lumbar fusion for lumbar degenerative disease (102 men, 202 women; mean age, 79.2 [75–90] years). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score for leg numbness was examined preoperatively and at 2 years postoperatively. The persistent leg numbness group included patients with a 2-year postoperative VAS score for leg numbness ≥ 5 points. The demographic data were also reviewed. A multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed for variables with univariate analysis values of p < 0.2 on univariate analysis.Results: In total, 71 patients (23.4%) experienced persistent postoperative leg numbness. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of lumbar decompression, longer symptom duration, and a preoperative VAS score for leg numbness ≥ 5 points were associated with greater postoperative persistent leg numbness following lumbar fusion. In contrast, other factors, such as sex, body mass index, vertebral fracture, diabetes mellitus, depression, symptom duration, dural injury, operative time, and estimated blood loss, were not.Conclusion: A history of preoperative lumbar decompression, longer symptom duration, and greater preoperative VAS scores for leg numbness were preoperative predictors of persistent postoperative leg numbness following lumbar fusion in older patients. Although lumbar fusion is expected to improve leg numbness, surgeons should consider the surgical history, duration, and preoperative numbness intensity and explain the potential postoperative persistent leg numbness in advance.
The Utility and Feasibility of Smart Glasses in Spine Surgery: Minimizing Radiation Exposure During Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Insertion
Authors: Hiranaka Yoshiaki , Takeoka Yoshiki , Yurube Takashi , Tsujimoto Takeru , Kanda Yutaro , Miyazaki Kunihiko , Ohnishi Hiroki , Matsuo Tomoya , Ryu Masao , Kumagai Naotoshi , Kuroshima Kohei , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kakutani Kenichiro
Published: June 2024

Objective: Spine surgeons are often at risk of radiation exposure due to intraoperative fluoroscopy, leading to health concerns such as carcinogenesis. This is due to the increasing use of percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) in spinal surgeries, resulting from the widespread adoption of minimally invasive spine stabilization. This study aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of smart glasses (SG) in PPS insertion under fluoroscopy.Methods: SG were used as an alternative screen for fluoroscopic images. Operators A (2-year experience in spine surgery) and B (9-year experience) inserted the PPS into the bilateral L1–5 pedicles of the lumbar model bone under fluoroscopic guidance, repeating this procedure twice with and without SG (groups SG and N-SG, respectively). Each vertebral body’s insertion time, radiation dose, and radiation exposure time were measured, and the deviation in screw trajectories was evaluated.Results: The groups SG and N-SG showed no significant difference in insertion time for the overall procedure and each operator. However, group SG had a significantly shorter radiation exposure time than group N-SG for the overall procedure (109.1 ± 43.5 seconds vs. 150.9 ± 38.7 seconds; p = 0.003) and operator A (100.0 ± 29.0 seconds vs. 157.9 ± 42.8 seconds; p = 0.003). The radiation dose was also significantly lower in group SG than in group N-SG for the overall procedure (1.3 ± 0.6 mGy vs. 1.7 ± 0.5 mGy; p = 0.023) and operator A (1.2 ± 0.4 mGy vs. 1.8 ± 0.5 mGy; p = 0.013). The 2 groups showed no significant difference in screw deviation.Conclusion: The application of SG in fluoroscopic imaging for PPS insertion holds potential as a useful method for reducing radiation exposure.
The Role of Spinal Cord Compression in Predicting Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring Events in Patients With Kyphotic Deformity: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Study
Authors: Jin Zhen , Li Jie , Xu Hui , Hu Zongshan , Xu Yanjie , Tang Ziyang , Qiu Yong , Liu Zhen , Zhu Zezhang
Published: June 2024

Objective: To establish a novel classification system for predicting the risk of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) events in surgically-treated patients with kyphotic deformity.Methods: Patients with kyphotic deformity who underwent surgical correction of cervicothoracic, thoracic, or thoracolumbar kyphosis in our center from July 2005 to December 2020 were recruited. We proposed a classification system to describe the morphology of the spinal cord on T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging: type A, circular/symmetric cord with visible cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the cord and vertebral body; type B, circular/oval/symmetric cord with no visible CSF between the cord and vertebral body; type C, spinal cord that is fattened/deformed by the vertebral body, with no visible CSF between the cord and vertebral body. Furthermore, based on type C, the spinal cord compression ratio (CR) < 50% was defined as the subtype C-, while the spinal cord CR ≥ 50% was defined as the subtype C+. IONM event was documented, and a comparative analysis was made to evaluate the prevalence of IONM events among patients with diverse spinal cord types.Results: A total of 294 patients were reviewed, including 73 in type A; 153 in type B; 53 in subtype C- and 15 in subtype C+. Lower extremity transcranial motor-evoked potentials and/or somatosensory evoked potentials were lost intraoperatively in 41 cases (13.9%), among which 4 patients with type C showed no return of spinal cord monitoring data. The 14 subtype C+ patients (93.3%) had IONM events. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with a type C spinal cord (subtype C-: odds ratio [OR], 10.390; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.215–48.735; p = 0.003; subtype C+, OR, 497.000; 95% CI, 42.126– 5,863.611; p < 0.001) are at significantly higher risk of a positive IONM event during deformity correction compared to those with a type A. In further multiple logistic regression analysis, the spinal cord classification (OR, 5.371; 95% CI, 2.966–9.727; p < 0.001) was confirmed as an independent risk factor for IONM events.Conclusion: We presented a new spinal cord classification system based on the relative position of the spinal cord and vertebrae to predict the risk of IONM events in patients with kyphotic deformity. In patients with type C spinal cord, especially those in C+ cases, it is essential to be aware of potential IONM events, and adopt standard operating procedures to facilitate neurological recovery.
Comparative Review of the Socioeconomic Burden of Lower Back Pain in the United States and Globally
Authors: Chang Diana , Lui Austin , Matsoyan Alisa , Safaee Michael M. , Aryan Henry , Ames Christopher
Published: June 2024

Internationally, the United States (U.S.) cites the highest cost burden of low back pain (LBP). The cost continues to rise, faster than the rate of inflation and overall growth of health expenditures. We performed a comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed and non– peer-reviewed literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for contemporary data on prevalence, cost, and projected future costs. Policymakers in the U.S. have long attempted to address the high-cost burden of LBP through limiting low-value services and early imaging. Despite these efforts, costs (~$40 billion; ~$2,000/patient/yr) continue to rise with increasing rates of unindicated imaging, high rates of surgery, and subsequent revision surgery without proper trial of non-pharmacologic measures and no corresponding reduction in LBP prevalence. Globally, the overall prevalence of LBP continues to rise largely secondary to a growing aging population. Cost containment methods should focus on careful and comprehensive clinical assessment of patients to better understand when more resource-intensive interventions are indicated.
Hepatitis B Reactivation and Liver Failure Because of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad , Colletier Keegan , Moghe Akshata
Published: June 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with liver injury incidence reported between 15% and 53%. Viral binding to ACE2 receptors in hepatobiliary cells is believed to cause liver inflammation. The relationship between hepatitis B and COVID-19 is poorly understood, but patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy for COVID-19 are at higher risk of hepatitis B reactivation (HBVr). We present a case of a patient with HBVr because of COVID-19, in the absence of any immunosuppressive treatment, leading to fulminant liver failure and subsequent requiring liver transplantation. Given low incidence, limited data, and no current guidelines, further studies are needed to evaluate the benefit and cost-effectiveness of anti-HBV prophylaxis in a patient with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and COVID-19. Meanwhile, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines for patients with CHB and immunosuppressant use can be considered for anti-HBV prophylaxis for patients with CHB and COVID-19 to prevent HBVr on a case-by-case basis.
Lymphocytic Colitis With Enterocolic Lymphocytic Phlebitis
Authors: Nadeem Ahmed , Naseem Zehra , Li (Xue Jing) Claire , Shah Fatima Zehra , David Aidan , Scudiere Jennifer , Jondle Daniel , Fulmer Clifton , Mansoor Emad , David Joseph
Published: June 2024

Enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis is a rare lymphocytic vasculitis afflicting the gastrointestinal veins without involving the arterial system. Lymphocytic colitis is a more common pathology described as lymphocytic inflammation of the colonic epithelium. Concurrence of both these pathologies is extremely rare. We describe a 53-year-old man presenting with chronic watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Colonoscopic examination revealed normal-appearing mucosa, but biopsy findings revealed lymphocytic colitis with coexisting enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis. The patient was started on oral budesonide and responded to the treatment with symptomatic and histopathological resolution.
Beyond Cardiology: A Rare Encounter With Small Bowel Obstruction Disguised as Inferior Wall ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Duddu Akshay , Shaik Mohammed Rifat , Sairam Jayashrei , Jaafar Nadim , Sharma Rahul
Published: June 2024

ST segment elevations (STEs) on an electrocardiogram (EKG) gravitate immediate attention to the heart. However, these EKG changes can sometimes be the result of noncardiac pathologies. Here, we present an interesting case of small bowel obstruction (SBO) masquerading as an inferior wall myocardial infarction. A 77-year-old woman with a history of aortic stenosis status postsurgical aortic valve replacement presented with chest pain. Workup revealed elevated high-sensitivity troponins and STE in the inferior leads. She subsequently underwent a left heart catheterization, which showed no critical plaques or stenosis. Persistent abdominal pain prompted further evaluation with a computed tomography scan of the abdomen, which demonstrated evidence of SBO. Conservative treatment with bowel decompression resulted in symptom improvement and complete resolution of the STEs on a follow-up EKG. This case underscores the importance of considering noncardiac etiologies, such as SBO, in the differential diagnosis of STE on EKG for accurate diagnosis and management.
Addressing urban social and spatial stratification: testing the potential for integration of public housing
Authors: Montgomery Jason A
Published: June 2024

The legacy of public housing in the American city is dominated by a condition of social and spatial stratification. In New York City, inadequate funding exacerbates the conditions of isolated public housing residents, raising questions about the stability and sustainability of public housing. At a time when a severe housing crisis is impacting on the affordability of and access to urban housing generally, addressing this legacy of public housing can be the impetus for a long-term vision that integrates public housing into the fabric of the city, providing new housing options for public housing residents while merging them into mixed-income neighbourhoods with redefined public spaces and increased services and amenities. This approach to a long-term vision, built around high-density mid-rise development, contrasts with the incremental approach currently expedient due to the social and political climate surrounding public housing. However, current resistance to an aggressive strategy belies another part of the legacy of public housing: the major demolition of city streets and blocks that made possible the anti-urban planning that undergirds this isolation and stratification. Empirical evidence supports urban design that builds on the nineteenth-century city’s urban form of small blocks and active streets as the foundation for vital urban neighbourhoods. This study of the political and urban design efforts to address the severe challenges facing public housing tests the potential for a path, when the political and social climate allows, for an aggressive strategy to preserve public housing that centres on social and spatial integration.
Bio-Jet Fuel from Vegetable Oils: Production Process and Perspective on Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Simasatitkul Lida , Amornraksa Suksun , Katam Keerthi , Assabumrungrat Suttichai
Published: June 2024

Bio-jet fuel plays a vital role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and reducing the environmental impacts in the air transportation sector. Several production pathways to produce bio-jet fuel have been successfully developed and certified. They can use a variety of materials ranging from edible crops and lignocellulosic biomass to algal oils as feedstock. Various conversion processes can also be used, either thermochemical or biochemical, with and without catalysts. However, among many available processes, producing bio-jet fuel through the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) route is the most popular. It is also the only route that has so far been commercialized. This review gives an insight into the bio-jet fuel production from vegetable oils, which are the source of HEFA feedstock, with an emphasis on process design and simulation. The use of food and non-food resources as feedstock and the overview of the certified processes for bio-jet fuel production are reviewed and discussed. Additionally, the production process of bio-jet fuel produced from vegetable oils is explored. Finally, the key challenges and prospects of the process simulation and modeling of bio-jet fuel production from vegetable oils are addressed.
Challenges and Opportunities for QRIS Implementation as a Digital Payment System in Indonesia
Authors: Rachman Abdul , Julianti Niken , Arkoyah Siti
Published: June 2024

This research aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities for implementing QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) as one of the digital payment systems in Indonesia which has been provided by Bank Indonesia as an application that provides convenience, speed, and efficiency in payment transactions. However, the implementation of QRIS as a digital payment system in Indonesia still faces many challenges, such as limited internet access, competition with other payment systems, security aspects in use that have the potential for fraud or data theft, and low public understanding of QRIS. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods with a focus on challenges and opportunities in implementing QRIS in Indonesia. The primary data sources in this research are observations and in-depth interviews with business actors who use QRIS. Secondary data sources were obtained from Bank Indonesia QRIS documents and data. This research found that the challenges in implementing QRIS in Indonesia are still low support from the central government and regional governments in accelerating the use of QRIS, not yet optimal cooperation between financial institutions, industry, and society, inadequate information technology infrastructure, and low public understanding about QRIS. Meanwhile, QRIS has enormous opportunities because it is one of the instruments in encouraging digital economic acceleration that is inclusive and efficient. QRIS has huge market potential because there is an increasing number of smartphone users every year.
Variants of Tax Planning Method Based on Tax Consultant’s Perpective
Authors: Mandasari Jayanti , Khairin Fibriyani Nur
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this research is to reveal the metode best practice of the tax consultant's side regarding corporate tax planning. The method used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach. This method is considered suitable because it helps researchers to reveal in dept  nh the practice of tax planning. The results of the study reveal that the best practices most often used by tax consultants are three, namely depreciation in terms of differences between accounting and tax regarding the useful life and methods used. inventory by choosing between First In First Out and average, both of these methods have their respective advantages and disadvantages, making differences of opinion between senior and junior tax consultants, the last practice most often used is cost shifting. These three practices are proven to be able to minimize the tax burden, but of course there must be considerations made by tax consultants in choosing the best practice to do. The findings of this study can be useful for taxpayers in terms of education and learning related to tax planning, besides that for future researchers it is recommended not only to focus on practices but also to lead to their meaning.
The Effect of Distributed Zakat on Sustainable Economic Development in Indonesia: A VECM Approach
Authors: Hamadou Issa , Mamadou Salieu Jallow
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this article is to examine how Indonesian sustainable economic development factors are affected by distributed zakat. in particular the poverty rate, the human development index (HDI), and economic growth. Time series data from 2001 to 2020 were processed using a vector error correction model (VECM). Additionally, the stationarity and long-run connection have been tested using the unit root and co-integration tests, respectively. The analysis made the assumption that dispersed zakat will have a positive, long-term influence on sustainable economic development. As a result, the main goals of zakat distribution, which are linked to long-term zakat funds and economic expansion, will be effectively accomplished. The case study of only one nation, Indonesia, is one of the research's limitations; therefore, in order to generalize the findings, it is advised that more nations be included in future studies. To help zakat organizations optimize their collecting and distribution strategies, the Indonesian government ought to enact tax reduction programs for them. Furthermore, it is advised that zakat institutions broaden their distribution to include those who are more at-risk in order to significantly reduce poverty and promote sustainable development. There aren't enough empirical findings about the SDGs and zakat. This article, on the other hand, is original and evaluated the dynamic short- and long-term effects of distributed zakat on Indonesia's economic growth, poverty rate, and Human Development Index (HDI).
Internet Use Patterns, Internet Addiction, and Anxiety among Youth in Jordan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors:   Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Alzayyat Abeer , Alzayyat Abdulkarim , Malkawi Bassam I, , Al-Smadi Sajeda , M. Al-Momani Siham , D. Al-Shawabkeh Jumanah
Published: June 2024

Background: Despite the numerous benefits of Internet use, improper Internet utilization may produce many psychological illnesses, such as Internet Addiction (IA). Young people are considered a vulnerable population for IA. Purpose: The current study is conducted to determine the prevalence of IA among youth in Jordan. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive approach. The final sample consisted of 405 Jordanian young people. The researchers recruited the study participants from two universities and four schools located at different regions in Jordan. The study utilized a self-report questionnaire composed of four sections; Basic Information Questionnaire, Internet Use Patterns Questionnaire, IA Test, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment. Ethical principles of nursing research were adhered to. The study was conducted during the second semester of 2023/2024 academic year. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The study results revealed that about one third of the participants (n= 121, 29.9%) met the criteria for IA. There is a variability among the study participants regarding their online activities, where social media was the main online activity (66.4 %). The study results also reported that there is a positive association between anxiety and IA (r = 0.66; p = 0.001). Conclusion: From a Jordanian viewpoint, this study adds to the understanding of IA among youth in the international literature. To mitigate the negative effects of IA, stakeholders must work together interdisciplinarily and with concerted effort. Implications for Nursing: Nurses can play an important role in raising awareness about IA among youth and making referral for the affected individuals. Keywords: Internet, Social media, Internet use, Internet use patterns, Internet addiction, Youth, Anxiety, Jordan.
Association between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Post Operative Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft operation.
Authors: Sidiek Aboesina , Herry Yan , Ardhianto Pipin , Bahrudin Udin
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Background: Post operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is associated with cardiovascular outcomes such as stroke, heart failure, and mortality. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is one of biomarker of inflammation. The use of cor pulmonary bypass(CPB), surgical trauma and reperfusion injury during cardiac surgery causes inflammation. NLR is suspected to be a biomarker that represents the inflammatory response as a modulator of POAF, but data are still lacking.This study analyzed the association between NLR and POAF after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation.Methods: This was an Observational analytic study, involving patients after the CABG procedure in Kariadi Hospital between June 2022 to September 2023. NLR was assessed in the first three hours after operation. ECG Holter was attained for 96 hours post-CABG procedure.Results: The total subject was 62 patients, consisting of 57 men and 5 women with a mean age of 58,7 ± 6.39 years. Mean postoperative NLR 4.95 ± 2.17 with a median of 4.56 (1.52-11.00). There was a significant association between post-operative NLR with POAF after CABG (p=0.006, OR 4.64, 95%CI 1.50-14.35). High inotropic dose and β blocker initiation time less than 45 hours correlate significantly with POAF after CABG (p<0.001, OR 6.94 dan p=0.001, OR 0.17).Conclusions: Postoperative NLR is associated significantly with POAF after CABG. Keywords: Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, Post Operative Atrial Fibrillation, coronary artery bypass graft, ECG Holter
Mechanism of Immune System Dysfunction, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress on Endometriosis
Authors: Zakiyah Miftahuz , Asmarinah Asmarinah
Published: June 2024

Endometriosis is gynecology disease that still needs advance knowledge to develop best treatment for enhancing  the best quality of patient life. It is characterized by forming the endometrium tissue outside the uterus and happened approximately in 5-10% of reproductive women. Endometriosis with poor prognosis can be a high risk of endometrium cancer, ovarian cancer and results in infertility. A deep attempt to reach the knowledge of clear molecular etiology of endometriosis is needed. Here, there are three molecular mechanism dysfunction that occurs on endometriosis; (1) immune system dysfunction, (2) disturbance in apoptosis signal, (3) and oxidative stress elevation. Therefore, the determination of molecular pathogenesis of endometriosis will be useful in developing of diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
BALB/c Mice as Animal Model in Dengue Infection Research: Role of Endothelial Activation
Authors: Utama I Made Susila , Merati Tuti Parwati , Bakta Made , Jawi Made
Published: June 2024

Introduction. There were various challenges in using experimental animals model for dengue infection studies aside from the fact that dengue infection only naturally affects humans and does not manifest clinical signs as in humans. Various experimental animals have been used in dengue research, but the mouse model is more widely used since it is easier to obtain although sometimes they do not show clinical symptoms but may still measure the immune response. BALB/c mice are immunocompetent mice that have the potential to be used in dengue infection research. Endothelial cell activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection which contributes to plasma leakage. One of the biomarkers of endothelial cell activation is soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1).Method. An analytic observational study was conducted using BALB/c mice aged 8 weeks and weighed 40 grams. Selected BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to serotype 2 dengue virus containing 2.1 x 106 pfu/ml intraperitoneally, given only once. A total of 11 mice were injected with dengue virus serotype 2 and 11 mice were not injected with dengue virus. On the second day of virus injection, non structural (NS) 1 antigen dengue examination was carried out to prove that the BALB/c mice were indeed infected with dengue virus. In BALB/c mice that were proven to be infected with dengue virus, sICAM-1 levels were examined in serum after 7 days of infection. Mice that were not injected with dengue virus also examined sICAM-1Results. All of BALB/c mice injected with dengue virus were proven to be infected, as indicated by the detection of NS1 antigen in their serum. The mean serum level of NS1 antigen was 88.35 ng/ml (mean 95.34 ng/ml and standard deviation 21.94). The level of sICAM-1 in BALB/c mice infected with dengue virus (mean = 1.34) was significantly higher than mice that were not infected (mean =  0.79), with a p-value 0.045Conclusions. BALB/c mice were proven to be infected with dengue virus by detecting ns1 dengue virus antigen in the serum. The sICAM-1 levels in the group of BALB/c mice infected with dengue serotype 2 were significantly higher than the BALB/c mice that were not infected with dengue virus.
Comparative Analysis of Kidney Histomorphometry Utilizing Two Distinct Image Processing Software
Authors: Brahmadhi Ageng , Ningrom Ira Citra
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackground: Histopathological examination is critical to evaluate tissue condition. An accurate assessment is necessary for diagnosis establishment. Nowadays, both quantitative and qualitative scoring are enhanced with computer-assisted image analysis to reduce bias. Various software was developed to assist in image analysis. The question of whether the measurement results from one software will be comparable to those from another software may come up, given the wide variety of software options. Nevertheless, this subject is only occasionally discussed.Objective: This study aimed to compare the measurement results from Fiji and QuPath software in kidney histomorphometry.Methods: Normal kidney histological slide was observed. Selected histological structures, including the renal corpuscle area, glomerular area, Bowman space area, inner diameter of proximal, distal, and Henle loop, were measured using QuPath and Fiji software. The measurement results from the two software were compared for value differences and agreement analysis.Results: The renal corpuscle means the area was 12.7x103 µm2 in QuPath and 12.5 x103 µm2 in Fiji. The glomerular area was 7.8 x103 µm2 for both software. The proximal tubule's inner diameters varied from 18.7 to 150.8 µm. Smaller inner diameters were observed in distal tubules (17.1-80.5 µm) and The Henle loop (15.5-69.6 µm). There was no significant difference in measurement results of particular structures between the compared software (P-value > 0.05). The further confirmational analysis supported the similarity between the two measurement results.Conclusion: the measurement result of kidney microstructures using QuPath and Fiji were identical.
Differences in the flavonoid composition of the leaves, fruits, and branches of mulberry are distinguished based on a plant metabolomics approach
Authors: Zhong Yewei , Tong Fenglian , Yan Junlin , Tan Huiwen , Abudurexiti Adalaiti , Zhang Rui , Lei Yi , Li Delong , Ma Xiaoli
Published: June 2024

Mulberry is a common crop rich in flavonoids, and its leaves (ML), fruits (M), and branches (Ramulus Mori, RM) have medicinal value. In the present study, a total of 118 flavonoid metabolites (47 flavone, 23 flavonol, 16 flavonoid, 8 anthocyanins, 8 isoflavone, 14 flavanone, and 2 proanthocyanidins) and 12 polyphenols were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The most abundant in ML were 8-C-hexosyl-hesperetin O-hexoside and astragalin, the most abundant in M were 8-C-hexosyl-hesperetin O-hexoside and naringenin, and the most abundant in RM were cyanidin 3-O-galactoside and gallocatechin–gallocatechin. The total flavonoid compositions of ML and RM were essentially the same, but the contents of flavonoid metabolite in more than half of them were higher than those in M. Compared with ML, the contents of flavone and flavonoid in RM and M were generally down-regulated. Each tissue part had a unique flavonoid, which could be used as a marker to distinguish different tissue parts. In this study, the differences between flavonoid metabolite among RM, ML, and M were studied, which provided a theoretical basis for making full use of mulberry resources.
Three new Lobophora species (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from Phuket on the west coast of Thailand
Authors: Jurejan Narapat , Draisma Stefano G.A. , Vieira Christophe , Sun Zhongmin , Avakul Piyathap , Klomjit Anirut , Chirapart Anong , Muangmai Narongrit
Published: June 2024

The systematics and biogeography of the brown seaweed genus Lobophora (Dictyotales) are increasingly being investigated globally using DNA data coupled with morphology. In Thailand, DNA-assisted Lobophora diversity assessment has been limited to the east coast. The present study employed molecular (cox3, psbA, and rbcL gene sequences) and morphological analyses to explore the diversity of Lobophora around Phuket Island on the Thai west coast. Our findings revealed three new species: Lobophora phuketensis sp. nov., L. andamanensis sp. nov., and L. rachaensis sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses clearly demonstrated that these new species are genetically distinct from other Lobophora species. These new Lobophora species can be distinguished morphologically by differences in their growth habit, coloration, and thallus thickness, despite some overlapping morphological traits. Our study has increased the known Lobophora diversity in Thailand to 12 species, the highest in Southeast Asia. We also detected ecological similarities and differences among these Lobophora species. This research enhances our understanding of the biodiversity and biogeographic patterns of Lobophora in Thailand and the Central Indo-Pacific region. Further studies should investigate Lobophora diversity in unsampled areas and explore ecological factors facilitating sympatric coexistence through field observations and experiments.
The Rise of Bionanotechnology as a Tool for Saving the Planet and Destroying the World
Authors: Master Katie
Published: June 2024

With the rise of technology as an industry in the modern world, new innovations come with exciting benefits and dangerous effects. Bioterrorism has historically been used as an army’s strongest weapon and with this rise of technology, we have seen bionanotechnology become the new focus of this type of warfare. Bionanotechnology is the combination of nanotechnology with microbiological components, and the world is unprepared to regulate it. Existing regulations and organizations such as the Nanotechnology Task Force, Biological Weapons and Toxins Conventions, and the Department of Defense are on high alert for this developing weapon, bionanotechnology poses unprecedented risks for communities.
Glucose and lipid-related indicators in relation to elevated alanine aminotransferase in a pediatric population
Authors: Momeni Azin , Yazdi Maryam , Motlagh Mohammad Esmail , Qorbani Mostafa , Kelishadi Roya
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To determine the associations between various glucose and lipid-related indicators with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in pediatric population.

Methods

We analyzed the cross-sectional data of 3,771 Iranian children and adolescents aged 7–18 years using the fifth survey of a national school–based surveillance program. The predictive power of 11 different glucose and lipid-related indicators for predicting elevated ALT was examined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

In the total sample non-HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C showed the largest area under the curve (AUC) for elevated ALT detection, with 0.731 (cut-off, 129.5 mg/dL), 0.706, and 0.706, respectively. In girls, non-HDL-C had the highest predictive value (AUC, 0.741, cut-off, 129.5 mg/dL). Among boys, non-HDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C showed the largest AUC of 0.753 with optimum cut-off values of 2.63 and 3.63, respectively.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that non-HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C can be predictors of elevated ALT in the pediatric population. These indices can be useful in large population-based studies for predicting children and adolescents at risk of fatty liver.
‘Where there is a will there is a way’: figurative language use and its pragmatic functions in political discourse
Authors: Neshkovska Silvana
Published: June 2024

Although political discourse is essentially expected to be fact-based and objective, both practice and research show that literal language in political discourse is very often compounded with figurative language. The paper at hand tackles figurative language use in political interviews. For the purposes of this research, we conducted a critical discourse analysis of a corpus of political interviews given by a former Macedonian female politician – Radmila Shekerinska. The corpus consists of six interviews (with a total duration of about 3 h) in which she answers questions about the political climate and the challenges of North Macedonia in the last couple of decades. The selected interviews are all conducted in English as they are aimed at international audiences and they all fit into the time frame from 2017 to 2021, which practically overlaps with the final years of Shekerinska’s long-standing political career. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research design and focuses, first, on ascertaining the presence of different types of figures of speech in her answers (e.g. metaphors, simile, metonymy, synecdoche, personification, rhetorical questions, idiomatic expressions, proverbs, etc.); then, on identifying the pragmatic functions they perform in the context in which they are used, and finally, on establishing an interface between the figurative language use and the political ideology propagated by this politician. The results point to an extraordinarily resourceful use of a wide spectrum of figurative devices, skillfully intertwined with fact-based political discourse, primarily for addressing highly sensitive political issues, but also for driving important political points home; also, for gaining support from both the domestic and international community regarding the political ideology of this political figure as well as for enhancing the criticism addressed to political adversaries with an additional layer of creative flourish.
Friction stir lap welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy to AISI 304 stainless steel
Authors: Ekinci Omer
Published: June 2024

AZ31B magnesium alloy plates were lap-joined to AISI 304 stainless steel plates through the friction stir welding (FSW) method and utilizing various tool welding speeds. It has been found that the most important factor governing the weld strength is the hook formed on the advancing side of the welds. The weld tensile shear strength improved with an increase in the tool feed rate. Because, in general, height, length, and width of the hook taking place on the advancing side shrunk. Furthermore, the angle between the hook and interface of the plates increased, leading to reduced sharp corner formation. Apart from these, imperfections such as cavities, voids, and uncombined regions at the weld interface reduced and disappeared when increasing the welding speed. During the tensile shear test, all the welds fractured tensile mode and brittle type from the top AZ31B plate next to the hook on the advancing side. There was no breakage occurred in the weld interface, which is an indication of the strong joints. No intermetallic compounds between iron and magnesium were determined at the fracture region. At lower welding speeds, a higher amount of AISI 304 particles occurred at the weld stir zone resulting in a higher hardness.
Numerical and experimental investigation of impact performances of cast and stretched polymethyl methacrylate panels
Authors: Tezel Muhammed C. , Erdoğan Nursev , Acar Erdem
Published: June 2024

In this study, numerical and experimental analysis of impact performances of cast polymethyl methacrylate (CPMMA) and stretched polymethyl methacrylate (SPMMA) panels were conducted. First, the material characterization tests (tensile and compression tests as well as split Hopkinson pressure bar tests) of CPMMA and SPMMA materials were performed to determine the Johnson–Cook material model parameters to be used in the finite element models. Next, impact tests were performed for CPMMA and SPMMA panels. The velocity of the impactor before and after penetration was measured and the deformation patterns are recorded. Then, finite element models were generated using LS-DYNA to simulate the impact tests. Finally, the impact performances of the CPMMA and SPMMA panels were compared. It is found that CPMMA has better impact performance than SPMMA for the impact velocities investigated in this study.