bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Potential of Clarithromycin-Loaded Pumpkin Seed Oil-Based Nanoemulsion on Human Breast, Hepatic and Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Alotaibi Hadil Faris , Khafagy El-Sayed , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Alamoudi Jawaher Abdullah , Alshawwa Samar Zuhair , Alqahtani Rana Saeed , Alamrani Sarah Salem , Abu Lila Amr Selim
Published: October 2023

Medication repurposing is one of the effective strategies in approving drugs for new therapeutic indications. Clarithromycin is a well-known macrolide antibiotic that is commonly used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections. However, extensive preclinical and clinical
studies have recently revealed the efficacy of clarithromycin in treating various tumors in combination with conventional therapy. In this study, we formulated a clarithromycin nanoemulsion using pumpkin seed oil as a natural nano-carrier to study the possible cytotoxic effects against colorectal
(HCT 116), breast (MCF-7), and liver cancer (HepG2) in vitro. The formulated nanoemulsion was characterized for droplet size distribution, surface charge, drug loading and in vitro drug release. The droplet size of clarithromycin nanoemulsion was 360.6±42.5 nm and zeta
potential was −31.6± 2.8 mV. Incorporating the lipophilic drug, clarithromycin, within nanoemulsion significantly heightened in vitro drug release, compared to plain drug. The anticancer properties of the nanoemulsion formulation were examined using sulforhodamine B (SRB)
assay as well as cell cycle and apoptosis analyses. Clarithromycin-loaded pumpkin seed oil-based nanoemulsion remarkably diminished the viability of all tested cell lines, compared to either plain clarithromycin or plank pumpkin seed oil nanoemulsion. In addition, incorporating clarithromycin
within pumpkin seed oil-based nanoemulsion synergistically augmented the cytotoxic efficacy of clarithromycin against various cancer cell lines via advocating considerable cell cycle arrest with subsequent elicitation of potent apoptotic response. These results support the potential use of
clarithromycin in cancer therapy, and merit future translational research.
Application of Online Computational Platform of Materials Data Mining (OCPMDM) in Search for ABO3 Perovskites with Multi-Properties
Authors: Chang Dongping , Xu Pengcheng , Ji Xiaobo , Li Minjie , Lu Wencong
Published: October 2023

OCPMDM is an online platform specially developed for researchers who do not have any programming basics to perform material machine learning projects, in which the processing of ABO3 perovskite machine learning has even reached automation. In this work, we used OCPMDM to
discover perovskite materials with multi-properties to demonstrate some functions of the platform, including the descriptor filling, regression, classification, pattern recognition, and virtual screening. The results of LOOCV and independent test of the constructed regression and classification
models for Curie temperature and band gap show the reliable predictive ability of the models via the platform. In the pattern recognition optimization area, the occupancy rate of superior samples with high Curie temperature and suitable band gap reached 92.73% and 80%, respectively. In addition,
we also screened out 8 candidates with higher Curie temperature and proper band gap for experiments.
Preparing High Strength and Elongation of Biodegradable Zinc–Magnesium Alloys with Superior Antibacterial Properties and Biocompatibility
Authors: Zhang Bi , Chen Rongchun , Zhang Bin
Published: October 2023

The extrusion-formed Zn–0.5Mg alloy got a improved elongation and tensile strength by the addition of Mn. The influence of Mn on the strength contribution was investigated by comparing the microstructures of the designed Zn–0.5Mg and Zn–0.5Mg–0.2Mn alloys. The
deformed binary Zn–Mg alloy had a grain size of 9 μm, and the grain size of the deformed ternary Zn–Mg–Mn alloy was 3 m. This result indicated that the extrusion-formed Zn–Mg–Mn alloy had a greater contribution to grain boundary strengthening than the
extrusion-formed Zn–Mg alloy. Furthermore, the precipitates in the two alloys show significant differences in size, morphology, density, and variety. Precipitates in the Mn-containing Zn alloy showed a smaller size, higher density, and the ratio of length and diameter. The high elongation
rate of the extrusion-formed Zn–Mg–Mn alloy was attributed to the fully fragmented Mg2Zn11 and deformable MnZn13 phases. In addition to enhancing its mechanical characteristics, the Zn–Mg–Mn alloy, as extruded, exhibits the same corrosion
rates, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility. These results are helpful in expanding the applications of Zn alloys in the orthopaedic field.
Effects of Mifepristone Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Cardiac Structure and Function in Rats Undergoing Induction of Labor at Full Term
Authors: Liu Ruixue , Xie Fan , Jiang Tian , Zhu Quan
Published: October 2023

This research was aimed to analyze the biological characteristics of mifepristone solid lipid nanoparticles (MFP/SLNs) and their effects on the cardiac function of rats undergoing induction of labor at full term (FTIL). MFP was loaded into SLNs to prepare MFP/SLNs. The morphology and
particle size (PS) of MFP/SLNs were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the PS distribution (PSD) and potential distribution of MFP/SLNs were analyzed by Zeta analyzer. The drug loading (DL) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of MFP/SLNs were calculated, and the crystal
form of the drug in the carrier was detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly rolled into a blank (BLK) group, an MFP group, and an MFP/SLNs group, with five rats in each. Those in the MFP/SLNs and the MFP groups were administered MFP/SLNs (10
mg) and MFP by gavage on the 20th day of pregnancy. The changes in myocardial tissue of rats in the MFP/SLNs and MFP groups were observed within 24 hours after delivery and analyzed by a multifunctional true-color pathological image analysis system. The results indicated that MFP/SLNs had
a spherical shape and uniform PSD, with an average PS of about 153 nm. The drug EE of MFP/SLNs exceeded 88% when the drug dosage was 50 mg. The MFP group showed obvious cytoplasmic edema in myocardial cells, an increased average mitochondrial volume density (MVD), and glycogen granule deposition.
The area of myocardial cells in the MFP group was obviously larger than that in the MFP/SLNs group (P < 0.05), and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) was much smaller (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that MFP/SLNs were successfully prepared, and MFP can cause changes
in the cardiac structure of rats undergoing FTIL, resulting in hypoxic injury. However, MFP/SLNs may protect the cardiac structure and function of rats.
Effects of Calcitonin on Apoptosis and B-Cell Lymphoma 2 Expression in Knee Osteoarthritis Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: Xiang Wenyuan , Zhang Wenhao , Deng Yingjie , Miao Desheng , Yi Lin , Fang Rui
Published: October 2023

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent joint disorder characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and apoptosis. This research was aimed to demonstrate effects of calcitonin (CT) on apoptosis and Bcl-2 in KOA articular chondrocytes. In vitro cellular experiments were
conducted using articular chondrocytes obtained from KOA patients, with a portion of the cells undergoing passaging and proliferation culture. The remaining cells were rolled into control group (normal chondrocytes), KOA group (chondrocytes from arthritis joints), and CT group (chondrocytes
from arthritis joints treated with CT). Control and KOA groups were treated with an equivalent amount of saline solution. Apoptosis and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were assessed in each group to evaluate the impact of CT on articular chondrocytes. It was revealed that proliferation rate
of human chondrocytes decreased with increasing passage number, and the exponential growth phase was shorter. After day 6, the proliferation rate drastically increased, exhibiting an exponential growth trend. Relative to KOA group, the CT group demonstrated a notable reduction in apoptosis
of articular chondrocytes (P <0.05). Bcl-2 protein level was greatly upregulated in CT group (P < 0.05). In short, CT can inhibit apoptosis of articular chondrocytes and promote Bcl-2 expression, thereby contributing to the stability and survival of articular chondrocytes.
In summary, CT has a positive effect on apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression in KOA articular chondrocytes.
Efficacy of Autologous Platelet-Rich Gel Combined with Negative Pressure Drainage in Patients with Diabetic Foot
Authors: Yu Bin , Yang Sha , Jiang Du , Yang Xinyan
Published: October 2023

Autologous platelet-rich gel (APG) has emerged as a novel treatment modality for diabetic foot, demonstrating potential in promoting wound healing and tissue repair. Negative pressure drainage has been shown to effectively remove wound exudates and facilitate wound healing. The objective
of this research was to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of APG combined with negative pressure drainage in patients with diabetic foot. Following the preparation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel, the influence of various temperatures and centrifugation speeds on gel properties was analyzed.
PRP was assessed, and the slope and effective disaggregation rate of PRP were compared. A total of 30 healthy volunteers without diabetic foot were recruited as the control group and randomly assigned into three groups, with 10 participants in each group. The mean volume and concentration
of PRP in the three groups were analyzed. A total of 30 patients with diabetic foot were selected as the observation group to analyze the therapeutic effects of APG combined with negative pressure drainage in patients with diabetic foot. The results showed that the prepared separated gel effectively
isolated components in the blood, with a decrease in gel viscosity observed with increased centrifugation speed and temperature. The pH of the separated plasma remained stable. The plasma showed the best effects when immediately placed. At 0 h, 3 h, and 6 h, the PRP concentration in Group
1 was drastically superior to the other two groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the slope of PRP, at 30 °C, the slope remained relatively stable; at 25 °C, the slope exhibited the largest variation. At 5 °C, the slope changed between 25 °C and 30 °C. The effective disaggregation
rate was lowest when immediately placed, and it gradually increased with the prolongation of placement time. At 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes of placement, the difference in effective disaggregation rate between 5 °C and 25 °C or 30 °C was considerable (P < 0.05). The pH
of PRP at 0 h, 3 h, and 6 h was weakly acidic, with inconsiderable difference in pH values among the three time periods (P > 0.05). At 0 h, 3 h, and 6 h, the PRP concentration in Group 1 was markedly superior to the other two groups (P < 0.05). In summary, the prepared
separated gel effectively isolated PRP and the combination of APG with negative pressure drainage demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in patients with diabetic foot. The adoption of APG provides a personalized and innovative treatment option for diabetic foot patients, offering the
potential to improve treatment outcomes.
Effects of Sufentanil Nanoparticles on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Tan Jing , Cai Jiaqing , Zhou Yihu , Duan Manlin
Published: October 2023

This research was aimed to investigate the effects of sufentanil nanoparticles (Suf-NPs) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells, and to provide theoretical support for future drug therapy. Based on the preparation method of solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLN), stearic acid and lecithin were used as materials to prepare Suf-NPs. The physical and chemical properties of Suf-NPs were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and particle size analyzer. A549 human LUAD cell line was selected. According to different cell treatment methods, A549
cells were randomly divided into control (Con), sufentanil (Suf), blank SLN, and Suf-NPs groups. Con was cultured routinely, and Suf group was treated with 0.02 μg/mL sufentanil. Suf-NPs group was treated with Suf-NPs, and the concentration was the same as that in the Suf group.
The SLN group was added with blank SLN suspension. CCK8 assay was adopted to test the proliferation inhibition rate (PIR) of A549 cells treated with SUF-NPs. Flow cytometry and dual-color fluorescence microscopy were adopted to detect the apoptosis rate. The expression levels of apoptosis-related
proteins P53, Bax, and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot. The results revealed that the average particle size of Suf-NPs was (113.86±2.03) nm, the zeta potential was (−28.44±1.52) mV, the encapsulation efficiency (PER) was (82.02±3.56) %, and the drug loading (DL)
capacity was (50.31±6.49) %. As against Con, the PIR, apoptosis rate, P53, and Bax protein expression was significantly higher (P <0.001), and Bcl-2 protein was markedly inferior in Suf, SLN, and Suf-NPs groups (P <0.05). Compared with the Suf, the Suf-NPs group
had markedly higher PIR, apoptosis rate, and expression of P53 and Bax proteins (P < 0.05), and markedly lower expression of Bcl-2 protein (P <0.05). Suf-NPs can markedly restrain A549 human LUAD cells, promote their apoptosis, and affect the expression of related genes
and proteins. It provides a theoretical basis for the future development of Suf-NPs as a drug for the treatment of lung cancer (LC).
Preparation of Coal Gangue Based LSX Zeolite and Its Application for Zn2+ and Ni2+ Adsorption
Authors: Lixiang Wang , Sijia Zhang , Ye Zang , Rui Zhang , Liming Qi , Xiaoli Wang
Published: October 2023

In this paper, LSX zeolite was synthesized in a sodium-potassium system through the traditional hydrothermal synthesis method with coal gangue in Wuhai area as raw material. The synthesized products were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, IR and so on. The synthetic LSX zeolite was
utilized to adsorb simulated wastewater containing Zn2+ and Ni2+, and the optimal adsorption conditions were determined. The removal rate and adsorption capacity of Zn2+ and Ni2+ were studied under these conditions, which were 96.36%, 96.83%, 96.36,
72.62 mg/g, respectively. The zeolite after adsorption saturation can be recycled 4 times in the mixed solution of 6% NaOH and 1% NaCl as the regenerant, and the regeneration rate is above 90%.
Moving from Offline to Online: How COVID-19 Affected Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Authors: Binder Alice , Matthes Jörg , Domahidi Emese , Bachl Marko
Published: October 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers have faced a lot of challenges related to their daily work. This article introduces a special issue of the American Behavioral Scientist, which particularly focuses on methodological challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a brief review of the literature as well as the studies in this issue, we argue that the pandemic has sparked significant methodological innovations with respect to design, data collection, study documentation, and scholarly collaboration. We distinguish two types of innovations, both conceptualized as the outcome of an unprecedented external shock. First, “methodological compromises” that enabled data collection during the pandemic, but are inferior to established approaches. These methodological compromises, therefore, may be abandoned in post-pandemic times. Second, there are also “methodological game changers” that are superior to classic approaches and thus may prevail in the long run. Regardless of the type, we call scholars in the social and behavioral sciences to systematically test, compare, and evaluate the methodological innovations brought to us as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: What do General Surgery Residents Think?
Authors: St John Ace , Cooper Laura , Kavic Stephen M.
Published: October 2023

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant potential in medical education and patient care, but its rapid emergence presents ethical and practical challenges. This study explored the perspectives of surgical residents on AI's role in medicine.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study surveying general surgery residents at a university-affiliated teaching hospital about their views on AI in medicine and surgical training. The survey covered demographics, residents' understanding of AI, its integration into medical practice, and use of AI tools like ChatGPT. The survey design was inspired by a recent national survey and underwent pretesting before deployment.

Results

Of the 31 participants surveyed, 24% identified diagnostics as AI's top application, 12% favored its use in identifying anatomical structures in surgeries, and 20% endorsed AI integration into EMRs for predictive models. Attitudes toward AI varied based on its intended application: 77.41% expressed concern about AI making life decisions and 70.97% felt excited about its application for repetitive tasks. A significant 67.74% believed AI could enhance the understanding of medical knowledge. Perception of AI integration varied with AI familiarity ( P = .01), with more knowledgeable respondents expressing more positivity. Moreover, familiarity influenced the perceived academic use of ChatGPT ( P = .039) and attitudes toward AI in operating rooms ( P = .032). Conclusion: This study provides insights into surgery residents’ perceptions of AI in medical practice and training. These findings can inform future research, shape policy decisions, and guide AI development, promoting a harmonious collaboration between AI and surgeons to improve both training and patient care.
Does COVID-19 Cause Non-Dıpper Hypertension?
Authors: Sivri Fatih , Türköz Ismail , Şencan Mehtap , İçen Yahya Kemal , Aksoy Fatih , Ceyhan Banu Öztürk
Published: October 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a health problem worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of blood pressure (BP) on the circadian pattern and prevalence of new-onset non-dipper hypertension in the post-COVID period in patients with known hypertension. This prospective single-center study included 722 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. Ambulatory BP (ABP) data were collected during their initial hospitalization. The ABP data were reassessed 1 month after the patients were discharged. The results were compared with a healthy control group with known hypertension but without COVID-19 infection. After exclusion criteria were applied, the study included 187 patients with COVID-19 and 136 healthy hypertensive controls. Post-COVID ABP showed that patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher mean 24-h systolic and diastolic BP, mean nighttime systolic and diastolic BP, and mean daytime diastolic BP than the control group. In addition, new-onset non-dipper hypertension was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19. This study demonstrated for the first time that the circadian pattern is disturbed and a non-dipper pattern develops in individuals with known hypertension during the post-COVID period.
God is Life: A Sociolinguistic and Ethnopragmatic Conceptualization of Chi in Igbo Naming Practices
Authors: Uwen God’sgift Ogban , Ukaegbu Eunice Kingsley
Published: October 2023

Personal naming culture among the Igbos in South-eastern Nigeria is ethnopragmatically conceived to contextualize their collective worldview which communicates their religious and sociocultural connections. This paper explores an aspect of Igbo naming practices which shows the diverse conceptualization of Chi (God) from an ethnopragmatic perspective that situate names and meanings within the language and religious interpretations. Data for the study were generated through participant observation, semi-structured interviews and informal interactions with 40 recruited participants as representative sample of the name-givers, bearers and users among Mbaise and Ngwa people in Aboh Mbaise and Aba North Local Government Areas in Imo and Abia States of Nigeria. Findings show that the personal names contextualize Igbo Christians’ conceptualization of Chi as supreme, virtuous, extolling and trustworthy, giver of wealth and a faithful promise keeper. We conclude that Chi has a deepened value in the Igbo sociocultural and religious beliefs nuanced in their naming practices that construct particular circumstance(s) of the name bearer, parents and community. The emerging orientations expand the ethnopragmatic functions of the personal names beyond linguistic and sociocultural identities to situate Igbo as a society with supreme attachment to Christian religion, reverence to, and propagation of the virtues and nature of God.
Circulating Metabolites and Dental Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zheng Q. , Li W. , Zhang Y. , Liu X. , Fu Y. , Luo S. , Deng X. , Zeng C.
Published: October 2023

It is of great importance to uncover causal biomarkers to gain insight into the pathogenesis of oral diseases and identify novel treatment targets for prevention and treatment thereof. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the causal effects of hundreds of metabolites on 10 dental traits using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of 309 known metabolites were used as instrumental variables. We selected 10 dental traits, including clinical measures of dental diseases, from the Gene–Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints Consortium and self-reported oral health data from the UK Biobank. The causal relationships between metabolites and dental traits were inferred using the inverse variance–weighted approach and further controlled for horizontal pleiotropy using 5 additional MR methods. After correcting for multiple tests, 5 metabolites were identified as causal biomarkers. Genetically predicted increased levels of mannose were associated with lower risk of bleeding gums (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.85; P = 9.9 × 10−5). MR also indicated 4 metabolites on the causal pathway to dentures, with fructose (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36–0.70; P = 5.2 × 10−5) and 1-palmitoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56–0.81; P = 4.8 × 10−5) as potential protective factors and glycine (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11–1.35; P = 5.6×10−5) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14–1.52; P = 1.5 × 10−4) as risk factors. The causal associations were robust in various sensitivity analyses. We further observed some shared metabolites among different dental traits, implying similar biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenic processes. Finally, the pathway analysis revealed several significant metabolic pathways that may be involved in the development of dental disorders. Our study provides novel insights into the combination of metabolomics and genomics to reveal the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for dental disorders. It highlighted 5 metabolites and several pathways as causal candidates, warranting further investigation.
Reviewing the Impact of the Opioid Overdose Epidemic on the Mental Wellbeing of First Responders
Authors: O’Dare Kellie , Atwell Leah
Published: October 2023

The opioid overdose epidemic is a growing concern for first responders on the front lines. Yet, limited knowledge exists regarding the psychological impacts from repeated exposure to overdose events. Using a scoping review approach, authors searched scholarly databases for a combination of related keywords including first responders, mental health, and opioid epidemic. Twenty-three (23) peer reviewed articles met criteria for inclusion. Six (6) additional non-refereed reports were also included. Frequently cited concerns included increased/unmanageable workloads, burnout, compassion fatigue, safety, negative attitudes/cynicism, cumulative/repeated exposures, and frustration with lack of resources. Several resources described proactive measures to mitigate the consequences. One such measure is a Behavioral Health Access Program (BHAP), a comprehensive, specialized program designed to address the mental health needs of first responders. Opioid settlement funding should be utilized to support the development of BHAPs in all first responder organizations to mitigate the negative mental health impacts inflicted by the epidemic.
Relationships Between Three Eating Behaviors and Nine Motives for Food Choices Among Brazilian Adults: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Silva Wanderson Roberto da. , Ferreira Eric B. , Marôco João , da Silva Júnior Sinézio I. , Teodoro Micaela A. , Campos Juliana A. D. B.
Published: October 2023

We examined the relationships between three eating behaviors and nine motives underlying food choices made by Brazilian adults. Using participant responses to the short version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Food Choice Questionnaire, we investigated eating behaviors (cognitive restriction, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating) and motives for food choices (health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, familiarity, and ethical concern). We used a structural equation model to test relationship pathways (β), with eating behaviors as independent variables and motives for food choices as dependent variables. Participants were 1297 individuals (69.5% female) with a mean age of 25.0 years ( SD = 5.8). We confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires in this sample. Restrictive eating behavior was significantly related to motives of health (β = .415), mood (β = .127), natural content (β = .364), weight control (β = .681), and ethical concern (β = .161). Emotional eating behavior was related to motives of mood (β = .277), health (β = −.137), and natural content (β = −.136). Uncontrolled eating behavior was related to motives of convenience (β = .226), sensory appeal (β = .121), price (β = .153), and familiarity (β = .090). We believe these findings can now help design future research and clinical interventions for managing people’s risky eating behaviors and promoting beneficial food choices.
Assessing the Economic Impacts of Tourism Markets and Activities Diversification: Evidence From a New Dynamic Regression Approach
Authors: Solarin Sakiru Adebola , Ulucak Recep , Erdogan Sinan
Published: October 2023

This paper undertakes an exploration of how the diversification of tourism markets and activities exerts its influence on economic growth, particularly in New Zealand. By employing a dynamic autoregressive distributed lag method, this study uncovers the interplay between tourism diversification and economic growth dynamics in New Zealand. Empirical results show that it is only the diversification of European markets that generated positive economic growth. However, the diversification of tourism activities emerges as a potent driver of favorable economic expansion. The evidence suggests that a strategic emphasis on augmenting tourism diversification from European markets holds the potential to magnify the positive economic impact of the tourism sector. Additionally, the proposition of enhancing diversification in tourism activities emerges as a key avenue for bolstering New Zealand’s economic growth prospects. This study bridges a gap in the existing literature and furnishes policymakers with insights on how to harness the potential of tourism diversification.
“That’s Not Rehabilitation, That’s Enabling”: Correctional Officer Perspectives on the Prison Needle Exchange Program
Authors: Johnston Matthew S. , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Whitten Cindy
Published: October 2023

Correctional Service Canada implemented Prison Needle Exchange Programs (PNEPs) into federal penitentiaries in 2018 as a harm reduction measure to prevent needle sharing, drug overdose, and limit the spread of infectious disease. However, studies demonstrate how staff resistance hinders the growth of these programs within Canadian prisons. Drawing on interview data produced by 134 federally employed and relatively new correctional officers in Canada, the current study analyzes officers’ levels of support and (more often) opposition to PNEP. Results indicate that, predominantly, staff opposition to PNEP is rooted in safety concerns, a perceived lack of evidence of PNEP’s benefits, and fears the program is not promoting recovery and rehabilitation. By increasing the prevalence of needles in cells, officers report concern of overdose or potential weaponization of needles. Our study informs policy discussions around harm reduction measures in prisons to better promote institutional safety, public health, and nonstigmatized approaches to substance use.
Use of vegetable oils as an alternate to naphthenic oil for extension of emulsion styrene butadiene rubber
Authors: Agrawal Shambhu Lal , Kumawat Pankaj , Salvi Rajnikant , Jhala Jayveersinh , Bhatt Jayesh , Ameta Suresh C
Published: October 2023

Various petroleum based mineral oils like Distillate Aromatic Extract (DAE), Treated Distillate Aromatic Extract (TDAE), Residual Aromatic Extract (RAE) and Naphthenic oils are used for extension of emulsion polymerized Styrene Butadiene Rubber (E-SBR). Vegetable oils are alternate to these petroleum oil from sustainability point of view as vegetable oils have no Polycyclic Aromatic (PCA) content. They improve abrasion resistance leads to less rubber particulates spread in the environment and reduce rolling resistance leads to lower fuel consumption. However, introduction of few vegetable oils leads to slow down the cure reaction due to high unsaturation to saturation ratio. Presence of high fatty acid content in vegetable oils help in better rubber-filler interaction. In the present research, vegetable origin oils as such without any modification (Decas, Palmolein, Groundnut, Soybean, Mustard and Coconut) extended Styrene Butadiene Rubber (OE-SBR) were characterized in standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) compound recipe for various processing, different vulcanizate and other performance properties. Curative’s dosages were adjusted in the recipe of vegetable oil extended SBR’s to achieve the 300% modulus value like naphthenic oil. Vegetable oil extended Emulsion Styrene Butadiene Rubber (E-SBR) grades (Prepared with Palmolein and Coconut oils) were showing comparable rheometric and stress-strain properties, high reinforcement index (around 5%), better rubber-filler interaction parameter (around 12%), better abrasion resistance (around 23%) and comparable tanδ value @0°, 30° and 60°C as compared to naphthenic oil extended SBR based compound.
Role of Nasal Ventilation Function in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Children
Authors: Pang Ying , Xiao Ling , Liang Jia , Zhang Feng , Yao Hong-Bing , Shu Yan
Published: October 2023

Background: The association between increased nasal resistance (NR) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine nasal ventilation function (NVF) in children with OSAS, with a focus on its pathogenetic role. Methods: Children were recruited and divided into the OSAS group ( n = 109) and control group ( n = 116). The participants underwent polysomnography (PSG), measurement of NR, and acoustic rhinometry (AR). A combination of intranasal corticosteroids (ICS) and oral montelukast (OM) was administered to 90 children with mild to moderate OSAS for 12 weeks. After excluding participants who dropped out or were lost to follow-up, there were 58 children who responded to the treatment, who were divided into 2 groups—A and B. We compared the size of the tonsil adenoids, the PSG, NR, and AR before and after treatment in the 2 groups. Results: Children aged 6 to 12 years with OSAS had significantly higher NR than the control group ( P < .05). The OSAS group had a smaller nasal minimal cross-sectional area (NMCA), nasal cavity volume (NCV) from 0 to 5 cm, and nasopharyngeal volume (NPV) from 6 to 8 cm than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < .05 or P < .01). A total of 58 (84.1%) children responded to the 12-week ICS+OM treatment and 11 (15.9%) children did not respond to the treatment. Effective treatment was achieved in 32 children, as evidenced by a significant reduction in tonsil adenoid size and variations in NR and AR values. There were significant improvements in NR, NMCA, and NCV in the remaining 26 children who were successfully treated, but there was no change in tonsil adenoids and NPV value. Conclusion: NVF may play an important pathogenetic role in children with OSAS.
Prognostic Significance of Primary Tumor Surgery in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Patients With Distant Metastases at Diagnosis: A Population-Based Database Analysis in Head and Neck Region
Authors: Li Han , Zhao Li , Song Yixuan , Liu Yang , Ni Song , Liu Shaoyan
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer that often leads to poor prognosis, especially when it has metastasized. The prognostic significance of primary tumor surgery (PTS) for ACC with distant metastasis (DM) at the time of diagnosis has not been extensively studied. Methods: Using data from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2019, we identified patients with ACC in head and neck region and synchronous DM. We evaluated the effect of PTS on different patterns of metastasis using Kaplan–Meier analysis, log-rank tests, and multivariate Cox regression analysis to assess the therapeutic benefit of PTS in the overall cohort and various subgroups. Results: Of the 192 identified patients with synchronous metastatic ACC of head and neck, 91 (47.4%) underwent PTS. Patients who received PTS had significantly better survival than nonsurgical patients (median overall survival: 19 vs 43 months, P = .006). Cox regression analysis also showed that PTS was associated with improved survival (HR = .46, 95% CI: 0.42-0.88; P = .028). In sub-analyses, except for patients with liver metastases [overall survival (OS), P = .107, cancer-specific survival (CSS), P = .153], PTS consistently conferred significant survival benefits in patients with bone metastases (OS, P = .041, CSS, P = .065) and lung metastases (OS, P = .016, CSS, P = .027). PTS also led to better survival in patients who did not receive radiotherapy (median OS: 13 vs 52 months, P = .007). Conclusion: Our study suggests that PTS in metastatic ACC patients of head and neck improved overall and CSS, particularly in those with bone or lung metastases and those who did not receive radiotherapy. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings, and the indications for PTS in metastatic ACC should be carefully evaluated by a multidisciplinary board.
Human Oro-Nasopharyngeal Myiasis by Chrysomya Bezziana (Old-World Screwworm): The First Reported Case in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasundara Bingumal , Banneheke Hasini , Wickremasinghe Susiji , Kallora Jayantha B. , Dissanayake Kavisha P.
Published: October 2023

Myiasis is the invasion of mammalian tissues by dipterous larvae. Cutaneous myiasis is the commonest type, and less commonly, internal tissues and organs are affected. Here, we report the first case of oro-nasopharyngeal myiasis caused by the third-instar larvae of Chrysomya bezziana (Old-World screwworm) in Sri Lanka. A retired 71-year-old female tea-plucker presented to the hospital with a 4-day history of nasal bleeding and neck discomfort. Except for well-controlled hypertension, she had no significant medical history. On examination, there was an ulcerated area in the posterior oro-nasopharynx filled with maggots. Hematological analysis showed a high C-reactive protein level (24 mg/dL) and white blood cell count (17.5 × 109/L) with 80% neutrophils. Computed tomography showed severe inflammation of the pharynx with no features of a neoplasm or parapharyngeal abscess. An examination was performed under anesthesia followed by manual removal of larvae, surgical debridement with biopsy, and treatment with antiparasitic medicines and antibiotics. Histopathology excluded neoplasm and only showed inflammatory changes. All extracted larvae were morphologically similar and identified as third-instar larvae of C. bezziana using a trinocular zoom stereomicroscope. The patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital on the 15th day and was well at 2 months follow-up.
Age Distribution of Epistaxis in Outpatient Pediatric Patients
Authors: Yan Flora , Patel Hetvi P. , Isaacson Glenn
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Little is known about the prevalence of epistaxis in children. Existing reports focus on hospitalized children or those presenting to an emergency department. To better understand pediatric epistaxis in clinical practice, we sought out a searchable, representative outpatient database and examined the incidence of epistaxis in children of different ages. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) from the years 2007 to 2011 was performed. The NHAMCS is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-curated national sample of data from visits to non-federally employed office-based physicians and health centers. We queried the NHAMCS to determine the cumulative incidence of epistaxis in children of different age groups. The International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision code 784.7 was chosen to identify epistaxis. Comparisons of rates were performed using the chi-squared test. A P-value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In total, 55,435,691 children [27,816,237 (50.2%) males, 55,435,691 (77.2%) white] were included. The overall cumulative incidence rate of epistaxis was 2.4/1000 children. Children in the 3- to 5-year range had the highest cumulative incidence of epistaxis (5.0/1000), followed by those in the 6 to 8 (3.0/1000), 9 to 11 (2.0/1000), 0 to 2 (1.9/1000), 12 to 14 (1.6/1000), and 15 to 17 (0.5/1000) year ranges ( P < .001). Conclusion: Pediatric epistaxis is common in the office setting (2.4 per 1000 children)—and well above emergency department estimates (1.7 per 1000 people). Children between the ages of 3 to 5 years have the highest cumulative incidence. Epistaxis is sufficiently unusual in infants and the late teens that alternative causes for nasal bleeding should be included in the differential diagnosis.
The 3Ranker: An AI-based Algorithm for Finding Non-animal Alternative Methods
Authors: van Beuningen Niels , Alkema Sinne , Hijlkema Nils , Ulfhake Brun , Frias Rafael , Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel , Alkema Wynand
Published: October 2023

The search for existing non-animal alternative methods for use in experiments is currently challenging because of the lack of both comprehensive structured databases and balanced keyword-based search strategies to mine unstructured textual databases. In this paper we describe 3Ranker, which is a fast, keyword-independent algorithm for finding non-animal alternative methods for use in biomedical research. The 3Ranker algorithm was created by using a machine learning approach, consisting of a Random Forest model built on a dataset of 35 million abstracts and constructed with weak supervision, followed by iterative model improvement with expert curated data. We found a satisfactory trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.85–0.95. Trials showed that the AI-based classifier was able to identify articles that describe potential alternatives to animal use, among the thousands of articles returned by generic PubMed queries on dermatitis and Parkinson’s disease. Application of the classification models on time series data showed the earlier implementation and acceptance of Three Rs principles in the area of cosmetics and skin research, as compared to the area of neurodegenerative disease research. The 3Ranker algorithm is freely available at www.open3r.org ; the future goal is to expand this framework to cover multiple research domains and to enable its broad use by researchers, policymakers, funders and ethical review boards, in order to promote the replacement of animal use in research wherever possible.
Family carer experiences of hospice care at home: Qualitative findings from a mixed methods realist evaluation
Authors: Abrahamson Vanessa , Wilson Patricia , Barclay Stephen , Brigden Charlotte , Gage Heather , Greene Kay , Hashem Ferhana , Mikelyte Rasa , Rees-Roberts Melanie , Silsbury Graham , Goodwin Mary , Swash Brooke , Wee Bee , Williams Peter , Butler Claire
Published: October 2023

Background:

Hospice-at-home aims to enable patients approaching end-of-life to die at home and support their carers. A wide range of different service models exists but synthesised evidence on how best to support family carers to provide sustainable end-of-life care at home is limited.

Aim:

To explore what works best to promote family carers’ experiences of hospice-at-home.

Design:

Realist evaluation with mixed methods. This paper focuses on qualitative interviews with carers (to gain their perspective and as proxy for patients) and service providers from 12 case study sites in England. Interviews were coded and programme theories were refined by the research team including two public members.

Setting/participants:

Interviews with carers (involved daily) of patients admitted to hospice-at-home services ( n = 58) and hospice-at-home staff ( n = 78).

Results:

Post bereavement, 76.4% of carers thought that they had received as much help and support as they needed and most carers (75.8%) rated the help and support as excellent or outstanding. Of six final programme theories capturing key factors relevant to providing optimum services, those directly relevant to carer experiences were: integration and co-ordination of services; knowledge, skills and ethos of hospice staff; volunteer roles; support directed at the patient–carer dyad.

Conclusions:

Carers in hospice-at-home services identified care to be of a higher quality than generic community services. Hospice staff were perceived as having ‘time to care’, communicated well and were comfortable with dying and death. Hands-on care was particularly valued in the period close to death.
Examining the Effects of Local Sample Sizes on Spatial Transferability of Freight Production Models
Authors: Balla Bhavani Shankar , Sahu Prasanta K.
Published: October 2023

Recent research in freight transportation planning has been exploring the spatial transferability of freight demand models, which can help the planning agencies of developing economies save the cost and time incurred in freight surveys. As the demand models are time-, cost-, and data-intensive, it is prudent to analyze the effects of sample size on the transferred model in a region. The findings and inferences from such analysis will save resources in freight data collection programs. Earlier, conventional models like ordinary least squares (OLS) regression were assessed for transferability. However, the predictive ability and transferability of such non-conventional models are not well studied. It is necessary to understand whether the extent of transferability of non-conventional models is greater than that of conventional models so that planning agencies can adopt more reliable modeling approaches. This paper investigates the spatial transferability of freight production models using OLS, robust regression, and multiple classification analysis (MCA). The results of the transferability assessment show that MCA models have better transferability using the naïve transfer method. In addition, transferability is assessed for different sample sizes to examine the variation in the extent of transferability. The MCA models have shown the least deviation, indicating that these models are preferred for transferability when the sample size is small.
PKNOX1 acts as a transcription factor of DHH and promotes the progression of stomach adenocarcinoma by regulating the Hedgehog signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhao Siwei , Liu Liqing
Published: October 2023

Background: This study explored the effects and potential mechanism by which PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 1 (PKNOX1) may exacerbate stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Methods: For the in silico analysis, we examined TCGA-PKNOX1 expression using the UALCAN website, as well as its expression patterns in the GSE172032 and GSE174237 datasets, obtained from the GEO database. The associated patient survival curves, were analysed via the KMplot webtool. In vitro, we measured cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and cell migration assays, respectively. Real time qPCR and western blotting assessed the mRNA and protein levels of PKNOX1, Snail, vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, desert hedgehog (DHH), cyclin D2, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1, and smoothened. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed using LinkedOmics webtools and the clusterProfiler package in R. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the interactions of PKNOX1 with DHH, and of TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4) with PKNOX1. Results: PKNOX1 was highly expressed in STAD and linked to poor patient survival. Downregulation of PKNOX1 inhibited STAD cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Upregulation of TEAD4 promoted colony formation and migration, while these effects were reversed by PKNOX1 depletion. Furthermore, PKNOX1 regulated the activation of the hedgehog signalling pathway at the gene level, as we identified PKNOX1 to be a putative transcription factor for DHH that promotes its expression. Conclusion: Our results show that PKNOX1 acts as a candidate transcription factor for DHH and facilitates STAD development by regulating the hedgehog signalling pathway.
Learning Scores and Economics Instruction
Authors: Walstad William B. , Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia Olga
Published: October 2023

This study explains how economics instructors can incorporate pretest and posttest assessments into their economics courses to make testing and related teaching more dynamic and interactive with students. Such assessments allow the correct and incorrect responses to pretest and posttest items to be used by instructors to create four learning scores that reveal different pathways of student learning—positive, retained, negative, and zero. Learning scores provide more insights into learning progression among students during an instructional unit or a course than is possible with the typical posttest only assessment. The study explains how learning scores can be used by economics instructors to analyze classroom or group learning, to diagnose individual student understandings or misunderstandings, and assess how each test item contributes to student learning. It discusses the practical applications and extensions of learning score analysis that make it realistic for economics instructors to use and addresses measurement concerns.

JEL Codes: A2, A22