bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O papel do enfermeiro dentro do contexto da assistência indígena: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Lima Angelina de Oliveira , Sousa Amanda Thyanne Sales de
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Definir o papel dos profissionais enfermeiros acerca das atribuições dentro do contexto indígena. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório, no qual a metodologia escolhida foi Revisão Integrativa de Literatura, buscados nas bases de dados de bibliotecas virtuais como: Scielo (Scidentific Eletrônica Library Online), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências de Saúde), BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde), Medline (Sistema Online de Análise e Recuperação de Literatura Médica) e Pubmed (Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos EUA [NLM]). Resultados: O enfermeiro exerce um papel primordial na assistência à saúde indígena, mas pode-se observar que para prestar essa assistência, encontram-se certas dificuldades como o acesso. Mesmo diante             das falhas de forma defasada na cobertura no contexto de prestação de serviços ao indígena, os profissionais exercem seu papel da melhor forma cabível, mesmo que haja muitas vezes déficit em capacitação por parte dos órgãos e desconhecimento das culturas das etnias onde atuam. Considerações Finais: No desencadeamento do trabalho da enfermagem, encontram-se diversos desafios quanto ao contexto de prestação na assistência indígena. Conclui-se uma importância quanto a melhoria nas implementações das políticas de forma compreensiva pelos gestores das três esferas ao implementar estas políticas no decorrer da assistência a comunidade local.
Extração de óleos essenciais do Caryocar Coriaceum (pequi) por vias enzimáticas
Authors: Nunes Ariana Camilo , Souza Ana Luiza Caíres , Santos Tayanne Andrade dos , Silva Tatielle Pereira
Published: December 2021

A espécie Caryocar Coriaceum (pequi), como é popularmente conhecida, é um fruto que em algumas regiões é bastante utilizado na culinária popular brasileira. Além de possuir um gosto peculiar, o óleo extraído do fruto traz benefícios a saúde sendo muito utilizado na medicina popular. Frente ao exposto, este estudo apresentou como objetivo analisar, através de experimento com abordagem qualitativa, a viabilidade econômica da extração de óleos essenciais de pequi por via enzimática. Através da suspensão do fungo, Rhizopus Microsporus, foi estabelecido o melhor tempo de fermentação de 72 horas e a atividade hidrolítica mais eficiente para que através do extrato multienzimático da celulase fosse realizado a técnica de extração do óleo do pequi. Após a realização de todas estas etapas para obtenção do óleo, seja por meio de enzimas ou água, observou-se que a enzima, Rhizopus Microsporus, possui uma grande atividade para a extração do óleo essencial do pequi, quando se compara a hidodestilação somente com o óleo e água. Dessa forma, a utilização do fungo filamentoso, Rhizopus Microsporus, pode ser uma alternativa viável na extração de óleos essenciais, tornando o processo mais econômico por reduzir o tempo de extração e a energia do processo e ser ambientalmente correto, ou seja, tornou o processo da extração do óleo menor, visto que, com a enzima amplia essa extração.
Ideologia de gênero, religião e a política dos corpos: A disputa contemporânea pelo controle dos sentidos culturais
Authors: Reis Aparecido Francisco dos
Published: December 2021

O tema subjacente a este artigo trata da disputa contemporânea por significados culturais, ou o que outros chamam de guerra cultural, sobre os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres e as sexualidades dissidentes LGBTQIA+ a partir do debate em torno ao tema de gênero e/ou ideologia de gênero, assim nomeado por grupos religiosos conservadores. O artigo parte das análises de documentos papais e do episcopado brasileiro, das conferências internacionais da ONU sobre mulheres e de tensões recentes sobre o assunto na sociedade brasileira. Os resultados demonstram que esse crescente confronto em torno da escolha da questão que envolve os direitos sobre os corpos de mulheres e de dissidências sexuais ocorre dentro do contexto histórico-estrutural de transição de épocas.  A mudança da modernidade industrial para os tempos pós-industriais questionou aspectos elementares da modernidade como: a definição de pessoalidade; a noção de cidadania; os limites entre o público e o privado; a relação entre igreja e estado e a natureza do projeto nacional. Desse modo, o artigo identifica a complexidade do tema a partir da análise da posição da hierarquia católica e contextualiza o momento histórico e estrutural em que a disputa se intensifica, sobretudo no caso brasileiro.
Utilização de tecnologias para educação em saúde na Atenção Primária: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Uchoa Yanka Leticia Amorim , Pessôa Andreza Alves , Araújo Carla Suellem Sousa , Sousa Maria Victoria Trindade de , Portela Maria Jaqueline da Silva , Lemos Alda Lima , Costa Junior Ney Fonseca da , Pinto Monique Cristine Prata , Lima Fernanda da Silva , Lobato João Edivaldo da Silva , Bezerra Larisse Oliveira , Maia Daniela Cristina da Silva , Oliveira Thayana Pereira de , Mendes Iza Belle Rodrigues , Rosa Sayara Teixeira Potter da
Published: December 2021

No contexto da saúde, diversos pontos devem ser levados em consideração para promover uma boa qualidade da assistência. É fundamental que os usuários tenham todas as informações sobre a condição de saúde que se encontram e, os profissionais que prestam serviços da assistência em saúde devem fornecer estas informações. Desta forma, busca-se identificar na literatura e descrever as tecnologias utilizadas para a educação em saúde na atenção primária em saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa, descritiva, do tipo revisão de literatura, cujo objeto de estudo foram artigos publicados de forma disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. foram encontrados 60 artigos relacionados aos critérios de pesquisa e 9 publicações utilizadas para realização deste estudo que se enquadravam nos objetivos traçados. Identificou-se as tecnologias leve, leve-dura e dura utilizadas para educação em saúde. As tecnologias mais descritas são rodas de conversa, apresentação através de palestras, jogos dinâmicos, aplicativos interativos, além de sites com temáticas específicas para a promoção da saúde.
Análise comparativa de parâmetros físico-químicos e de compostos bioativos em cafés cafeinados e descafeinados
Authors: Angelim Carolina Cabral , Brito Paloma Kassia Sousa de , Oliveira Cláudia Simone Baltazar de , Marques Patrícia Bentes
Published: December 2021

O café é uma das bebidas mais comercializadas no mundo, e o consumo elevado desta bebida deve-se aos compostos deste fruto como polifenóis, cafeína e ácido clorogênicos, os quais apresentam propriedades antimutagênicas e antioxidantes. Por essa razão, o objetivo deste trabalho é mensurar e avaliar comparativamente parâmetros físico-químicos e a presença de compostos bioativos entre cafés cafeinados e descafeinados, a fim de informar se a perda de compostos em cafés torrefatos descafeinados é significativa a ponto de anular suas propriedades ou prejudicar a obtenção das mesmas.  Para este fim foram coletadas 12 amostras de cafés cafeinados e descafeinados em 3 supermercados do município de Belém-PA, as quais foram submetidas a testes de pH, índice de refração, umidade, acidez, ácido ascórbico, polifenóis e flavonoides. Os resultados físico-químicos foram expressos em mediana, quartis, mínimo e máximo e os antioxidantes pela média ± desvio padrão sendo eles: pH 5 e pH 4,87; ºBrix 1,335 e 1,334; umidade 5,44% e 5,68%; acidez 10ml NaOH/ml e 11,2ml; 2,10% e 1,99% de ácido ascórbico, 213,32 mgEAG/g e 208,22 mgEAG/g de polifenóis; 23,8mg/100g e 17,6mg/100g de antocianinas; 9,79mg/100g e 9,73mg/100g e de flavonoides amarelos para cafés cafeinados e descafeinados, respectivamente. Conclui-se que cafés descafeinados possuem parâmetros físico-químicos superiores aos cafeinados e inferiores em termos de antioxidantes. Portanto, o consumidor não será prejudicado ao optar por qualquer um deles.
Production of sourdough and gluten-free bread with brown rice and carioca and cowpea beans flours: biochemical, nutritional and structural characteristics
Authors: Silva Juliana Dara Rabêlo , Rosa Guilherme Caldeira , Neves Nathália de Andrade , Leoro Maria Gabriela Vernaza , Schmiele Marcio
Published: December 2021

The gluten-free alternative flours and the application of natural fermentation in the breads production are promising technologies to improving sensory, structural and nutritional properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability and quality of gluten-free breads made with sour dough from wholegrain rice flours (BR and BRY), carioca beans (BP and BPY) and cowpea (BV and BVY). The sour doughs were prepared without and with the addition of biological yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) represented by the letter “Y”. The breads made from these doughs were subjected to the analysis of: pH, titratable total acidity, color, water activity, moisture, image analysis, specific volume, instrumental texture, proximate composition and energy value. The results indicated higher ash, protein and dietary fiber content in BP and BV flours. At the end of fermentation, the BR and BRY masses showed greater acidity. The doughs made with beans showed greater expansion volumes. Lower volume, firmness and hardness were verified for BBRY bread and the opposite was verified for BVB bread. The BBV, BBVY, BBP and BBPY breads had higher ash, protein and dietary fiber contents and lower digestible carbohydrate content. BPB and BVB breads showed higher protein digestibility and the opposite was observed for BBRY (70.60%), BPBY (81.09%) and BVBY (80.89%). The use of bean flour in the preparation of breads resulted in products rich in dietary fiber and proteins, especially carioca beans.
Differences in wood properties among Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla with different degrees of ploidy
Authors: Longui Eduardo Luiz , Custódio Guilherme Henrique , Amorim Erick Phelipe , Silva Júnior Francides Gomes da , Oda Shinitiro , Souza Izabel Christina Gava
Published: December 2021

We compared the anatomy, density, chemical contents, and bioenergy values of Eucalyptus grandis and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla wood originating from diploids, triploids and tetraploids. We hypothesize that Eucalyptus grandis and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla with different degrees of ploidy have variations as a result of different sets of chromosomes producing different phenotypic expressions and chemical constituents, such as variation in cell size and frequency, which would directly influence wood quality. Twenty-year-old trees were cut, eight for each ploidy: diploids and tetraploids are E. grandis; triploids are E. grandis x E. urophylla. We use standardized techniques. Our hypothesis was confirmed. Triploid and tetraploid trees presented wider trunks, taller trees with longer stems and wider crowns compared to diploid trees. Wood density showed significant radial variation only in diploids, while triploid and tetraploid trees were more homogeneous. In polyploid trees, the anatomical features did not clearly present a radial pattern. Triploid and tetraploid trees presented higher density wood than diploid trees. The chemical constituents varied from pith to bark in the three ploidies, but no differences between ploidies were found. For energy generation purposes, diploid and triploid trees are more desirable than tetraploid trees.
Cuidado de enfermagem em gestantes com câncer de mama: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Luciana Soares da , Freitas Pablo Miranda , Maia Adria Leitão
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Verificar quais cuidados precisam ser adotados     pela equipe de Enfermagem às gestantes com diagnóstico de câncer de mama durante o período gestacional, analisar as estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros em vista de assistência holística considerando suas vulnerabilidades e analisar o papel da Enfermagem na atuação e tratamento da portadora de neoplasia mamária no período gravídico. Método: De cunho bibliográfico, com levantamento de dados nas bases, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Biblioteca Científica Eletrônica Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americano e do Caribe (LILACS) e PUBMED; os descritores em saúde (DeCS) foram: Neoplasias da mama, Gravidez, Manutenção da Gravidez, Planejamento de enfermagem ao paciente e Enfermagem oncológica. Resultado: A neoplasia   mamária é o segundo câncer mais presente no mundo entre a população feminina. No Brasil, os índices de mortalidade por neoplasia mamária têm tomado uma grande proporção. O tratamento é multifatorial e individual, o papel do enfermeiro se constrói na condução de situações relacionadas ao câncer na gestação sendo essencial para a paciente, promovendo informações acerca do autocuidado, oferecendo apoio emocional, proporcionando alívio da dor, incentivando e encorajamento. Conclusão: Ressalta-se que a Enfermagem está à frente do cuidado à mulher em todos os níveis de atenção, motivo pelo qual esses profissionais precisam estar qualificados e atentos, seja ela qual a situação. A relevância da prevenção ou a detecção precoce da neoplasia mamária no período gestacional, traz consigo fatores positivos para o prognóstico da doença.
Anemia falciforme e o risco de aterosclerose: o papel do tratamento
Authors: Nascimento Clara Beatriz Gomes , Leite Alexsandra Laurindo , Moreira Jéssica Alves , Cavalcante Dandara Dias , Santos Carla Cleiciane Brasilino
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Esclarecer fatores relacionados s anemia falciforme e a importância do seu tratamento. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de uma revisão literária baseada em artigos que trazem informações a respeito do tema abordado. Nesse estudo, foi realizado por meio de artigos nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicos SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), e Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, BVS (Portal Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Revista Atualiza Saúde e entre outros. Os descritores selecionados foram: Anemia falciforme, hemogobinopatia, hemoglobia S, aterosclerose, diagnóstico. Os critérios de inclusão para a seleção dos artigos exigidos são: artigos publicados em 2016 até o presente, disponíveis e em qualquer idioma. Os critérios de exclusão são: antigos cujos temas não condize com o objetivo da pesquisa e artigos duplicados em base de dados. Resultado: Os artigos utilizados foram publicados entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Os artigos evidenciaram a anemia falciforme, especificamente o papel do tratamento para a mesma. Foi apontado neste artigo, além de informações gerais a respeito da doença falciforme, são abordados alguns tópicos sobre as infecções mais frequentemente observadas no paciente com anemia falciforme, assim como a profilaxia medicamentosa e imunizações disponíveis. Conclusão:  Este estudo foi desenvolvido em forma de revisão bibliográfica de teorias descritas a respeito da anemia falciforme ou do comportamento das hemoglobinas no organismo humano. Sendo assim este estudos nos proporcionou maior conhecimento sobre a anemia falciforme, descrever as implicações da anemia falciforme na vida das pessoas, como ela se manifesta. Entre linhas gerais, foi possível perceber que a anemia falciforme tem grande relevância no ponto de vista científico. Abrir caminhos e novas hipóteses de estudo para a anemia falciforme e um dos grandes desafios para tratar os enfermos, estes que precisam da ajuda dos profissionais de saúde para preservar sua perspectiva de vida e bem-estar social.
A eficácia das ações de educação em saúde no controle e prevenção das neoplasias do colo do útero
Authors: Tiago Karine dos Santos , Souza Mykaella Lee Nascimento , Borges Paula Figliuolo da Cruz
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: descrever a eficácia das ações de educação em saúde no controle e prevenção das neoplasias do colo do útero. Metodologia: O artigo utilizou a metodologia de revisão integrativa da literatura com base qualitativa-descritiva, a coleta nos repositórios eletrônicos se deram a partir de agosto de 2020 à novembro de 2021, foram encontrados 1.411 artigos, após análise e exclusão daqueles que não atendiam a pesquisa utilizou-se o total de 14. Resultados: Diferentes estudos empregam meios de comunicação heterogênicos para fomentar o conhecimento sobre o câncer cervical, bem como seus riscos, manifestações clínicas, tratamento e prevenção, como: ligações telefônicas, apresentação em slides, discussão grupais, palestras informativas, aconselhamentos, entre outros. Conclusão: As ações de educação em saúde tornam-se uma estratégia muito promissora, haja visto, que é uma atividade de baixo custo que permite a difusão de informações e conhecimento para a população em amplo aspecto, corroborando para o aumento da procura daquelas que recebem as ações de educação pela vacinação contra o HPV e a realização do exame de Papanicolau.
Eksistensi Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup dalam Ranah Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Irham Fajriansyah  , Uswatun Hasanah  , Ali Murtadho
Published: December 2021

The current environmental issues are part of a global crisis that often becomes a concern of discussion in the world stage. Various approaches have been taken to resolve the crisis, but the results are still debatable. One of the most ideal approaches is to use an Islamic education approach. This research aims to examine the existence of environmental education in  Islamic education. This research is a literature research with documentation methods and use content analysis for its analytical techniques. The results of research shows that Islamic education can be used as a means to realize the values of environmental education, because there is a close relationship between environmental education and Islamic education, such as from the material, methods and goals aspects that ultimately achieve the goal of forming awareness of each individual to the environment issues.
O TURISMO PEDAGÓGICO COMO FERRAMENTA PARA A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR: UM ROTEIRO PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE CAMBARÁ-PR
Authors: Justo Matheus , Oliveira Jully
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho tem como enfoque principal a relação entre a Geografia e a Educação Ambiental, mostrando como elas são de suma importância para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos educandos, e completando-se, o trabalho traz uma proposta de Turismo Pedagógico que pode ser realizada pelos professores de Geografia da Educação Básica no Eco Resort Scandolo Riguetti em Cambará – PR. Objetivou–se com este trabalho discutir sobre a Educação Ambiental e o Turismo Pedagógico no Ensino de Geografia, e em específico apresentar um roteiro de turismo pedagógico para o município de Cambará-PR. Metodologicamente, o trabalho se desenvolveu através de etapas como 1) levantamento bibliográfico; 2) Trabalho de Campo no Eco Resort Scandolo Riguetti no segundo semestre de 2020 e 3) elaboração de um roteiro de turismo pedagógico para o município citado. Com isso, foi proposto um roteiro pedagógico, onde os discentes passam por trilhas em meio a mata, visitam hortas e aprendem sobre o processo de compostagem e o minhocário.
Specific Immunotherapy in a Murine Model of Grass Pollen (Phl p5b)-Induced Airway Inflammation
Authors: Stiehm Matthias , Peters Marcus
Published: December 2021

Background: The use of ovalbumin as a model allergen in murine models of allergic asthma is controversially discussed since it is not an aeroallergen and sensitization can only be achieved by using strong Th2-inducing adjuvants. Therefore, in this study, a murine model of asthma has been established in which sensitization against the major grass pollen allergen Phl p5b was performed without using aluminum hydroxide (alum). We used this model for specific immunotherapy.

Methods: Female, 5–6-week-old mice were sensitized by six subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of 20 μg Phl p5b followed by four provocations to induce allergic airway inflammation. For desensitization, 1 mg of Phl p5b was injected subcutaneously during allergen challenge for one to a maximum of four times. Three days after the last challenge, the allergic immune response was analyzed.

Results: Sensitized and challenged animals showed a significant infiltration of eosinophils into the airways, and the production of interleukin-5 (IL-5) by in vitro re-stimulated splenocytes could be detected. Furthermore, hyper-responsiveness of the airways was verified by invasive measurement of airway resistance in methacholine-challenged animals. Desensitized animals showed a significant reduction of all parameters.

Conclusion: In this study, a murine model of asthma has successfully been established by sensitization against the clinically relevant allergen Phl p5b without using alum. S.c. injection of allergen dose dependently led to desensitization of sensitized mice. We suggest that this model is useful to study adjuvant effects of immune modulatory substances on immunotherapy without the interference of alum.
The α-Gal Syndrome and Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Román-Carrasco Patricia , Hemmer Wolfgang , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro , Hodžić Adnan , de la Fuente José , Swoboda Ines
Published: December 2021

The α-Gal syndrome is a complex allergic disease characterized by the development of specific IgE antibodies against the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal), an oligosaccharide present in cells and tissues of non-primate mammals. Individuals with IgE antibodies to α-Gal suffer from a delayed form of anaphylaxis following red meat consumption. There are several features that make the α-Gal syndrome such a unique allergic disease and distinguish it from other food allergies: (1) symptoms causing IgE antibodies are directed against a carbohydrate moiety, (2) the unusual delay between the consumption of the food and the onset of the symptoms, and (3) the fact that primary sensitization to α-Gal occursviatick bites. This review takes a closer look at the immune response against α-Gal, in healthy and in α-Gal allergic individuals. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between immune response against α-Gal and against the other important glycan moieties associated with allergies, namely cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs), are discussed. Then different mechanisms are discussed that could contribute to the delayed onset of symptoms after consumption of mammalian meat. Moreover, our current knowledge on the role of tick bites in the sensitization process is summarized. The tick saliva has been shown to contain proteins carrying α-Gal, but also bioactive molecules, such as prostaglandin E2, which is capable of stimulating an increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines while promoting a decrease in the production of proinflammatory mediators. Together these components might promote Th2-related immunity and trigger a class switch to IgE antibodies directed against the oligosaccharide α-Gal. The review also points to open research questions that remain to be answered and proposes future research directions, which will help to get a better understanding and lead to a better management of the disease.
HSDFinder: A BLAST-Based Strategy for Identifying Highly Similar Duplicated Genes in Eukaryotic Genomes
Authors: Zhang Xi , Hu Yining , Smith David Roy
Published: December 2021

Gene duplication is an important evolutionary mechanism capable of providing new genetic material for adaptive and nonadaptive evolution. However, bioinformatics tools for identifying duplicate genes are often limited to the detection of paralogs in multiple species or to specific types of gene duplicates, such as retrocopies. Here, we present a user-friendly, BLAST-based web tool, called HSDFinder, which can identify, annotate, categorize, and visualize highly similar duplicate genes (HSDs) in eukaryotic nuclear genomes. HSDFinder includes an online heatmap plotting option, allowing users to compare HSDs among different species and visualize the results in different Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway functional categories. The external software requirements are BLAST, InterProScan, and KEGG. The utility of HSDFinder was tested on various model eukaryotic species, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays as well as the psychrophilic green alga Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241, and was proven to be a practical and accurate tool for gene duplication analyses. The web tool is free to use at http://hsdfinder.com. Documentation and tutorials can be found via the GitHub: https://github.com/zx0223winner/HSDFinder.
CPEB4 Inhibit Cell Proliferation via Upregulating p21 mRNA Stability in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Di Jiehui , Wang Hui , Zhao Zhongjun , Zhao Guang , Qin Xiaobing , Han Zhengxiang , Liu Yong
Published: December 2021

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4 (CPEB4) has been reported to be dysregulated in a variety of cancers and seems to play paradoxical roles in different cancers. However, the functional roles of CPEB4 in Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still unclear. This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of CPEB4 in RCC. We found that the relative expression level of CPEB4 is down-regulated in RCC tissues and cell lines, and the low CPEB4 expression is correlated with short overall and disease-free survival of RCC patients. CPEB4 significantly inhibits RCC tumor growth both in vivo and in vitro. CPEB4 exerts an anti-tumor effect by increasing p21 mRNA stability and inducing G1 cell cycle arrest in RCC. Our data revealed that CPEB4 is a tumor suppressor gene that restrains cell cycle progression upstream of p21 in RCC. These findings revealed that CPEB4 may become a promising predictive biomarker for prognosis in patients with RCC.
Studies Progression on the Function of Autophagy in Viral Infection
Authors: Liang Weizheng , Liu Huimin , He Junli , Ai Lisha , Meng Qingxue , Zhang Weiwen , Yu Chengwei , Wang Hao , Liu Hui
Published: December 2021

Autophagy is a conservative lysosomal catabolic pathway commonly seen in eukaryotic cells. It breaks down proteins and organelles by forming a two-layer membrane structure of autophagosomes and circulating substances and maintaining homeostasis. Autophagy can play a dual role in viral infection and serve either as a pro-viral factor or an antiviral defense element dependent on the virus replication cycle. Recent studies have suggested the complicated and multidirectional role of autophagy in the process of virus infection. On the one hand, autophagy can orchestrate immunity to curtail infection. On the other hand, some viruses have evolved strategies to evade autophagy degradation, facilitating their replication. In this review, we summarize recent progress of the interaction between autophagy and viral infection. Furthermore, we highlight the link between autophagy and SARS-CoV-2, which is expected to guide the development of effective antiviral treatments against infectious diseases.
The Oxidation Cascade of a Rare Multifunctional P450 Enzyme Involved in Asperterpenoid A Biosynthesis
Authors: Huang Hui-Yun , Huang Jia-Hua , Wang Yong-Heng , Hu Dan , Lu Yong-Jun , She Zhi-Gang , Chen Guo-Dong , Yao Xin-Sheng , Gao Hao
Published: December 2021

The cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s or CYPs) are heme-containing enzymes which catalyze a wide range of oxidation reactions in nature. In our previous study, a rare multifunctional P450 AstB was found, which can dually oxidize two methyl groups (C-19 and C-21) of preasperterpenoid A to asperterpenoid A with 3-carboxyl and 11-hydroxymethyl groups. However, the oxidation order of C-19 and C-21 catalyzed by AstB is unclear. In order to reveal this oxidation order, probable pathways catalyzed by AstB were proposed, and the oxidation order of C-19 and C-21 was obtained by quantum chemistry calculations. The potential intermediates (three new asperterpenoids D–F, 1–3) were obtained through the chemical investigation on the extract of the transformant strain and chemical conversions, which were used as the standards to detect their existences in the extract of the transformant strain with HPLC-MS. Combined with the quantum chemistry calculation and the HPLC-MS analysis, the catalyzed order of AstB in asperterpenoid A biosynthesis was revealed. Furthermore, the mPTPB inhibition of obtained asperterpenoids was evaluated, and the results showed that 3-carboxyl and the oxidation station of C-21 would be the key factors for mPTPB inhibition of asperterpenoids.
AMPing Up the Search: A Structural and Functional Repository of Antimicrobial Peptides for Biofilm Studies, and a Case Study of Its Application to Corynebacterium striatum, an Emerging Pathogen
Authors: Mhade Shreeya , Panse Stutee , Tendulkar Gandhar , Awate Rohit , Narasimhan Yatindrapravanan , Kadam Snehal , Yennamalli Ragothaman M. , Kaushik Karishma S.
Published: December 2021

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been recognized for their ability to target processes important for biofilm formation. Given the vast array of AMPs, identifying potential anti-biofilm candidates remains a significant challenge, and prompts the need for preliminary in silico investigations prior to extensive in vitro and in vivo studies. We have developed Biofilm-AMP (B-AMP), a curated 3D structural and functional repository of AMPs relevant to biofilm studies. In its current version, B-AMP contains predicted 3D structural models of 5544 AMPs (from the DRAMP database) developed using a suite of molecular modeling tools. The repository supports a user-friendly search, using source, name, DRAMP ID, and PepID (unique to B-AMP). Further, AMPs are annotated to existing biofilm literature, consisting of a vast library of over 10,000 articles, enhancing the functional capabilities of B-AMP. To provide an example of the usability of B-AMP, we use the sortase C biofilm target of the emerging pathogen Corynebacterium striatum as a case study. For this, 100 structural AMP models from B-AMP were subject to in silico protein-peptide molecular docking against the catalytic site residues of the C. striatum sortase C protein. Based on docking scores and interacting residues, we suggest a preference scale using which candidate AMPs could be taken up for further in silico, in vitro and in vivo testing. The 3D protein-peptide interaction models and preference scale are available in B-AMP. B-AMP is a comprehensive structural and functional repository of AMPs, and will serve as a starting point for future studies exploring AMPs for biofilm studies. B-AMP is freely available to the community at https://b-amp.karishmakaushiklab.com and will be regularly updated with AMP structures, interaction models with potential biofilm targets, and annotations to biofilm literature.
Heavy Disease Burden of High Systolic Blood Pressure During 1990-2019: Highlighting Regional, Sex, and Age Specific Strategies in Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Chen Ming-Ming , Zhang Xingyuan , Liu Ye-Mao , Chen Ze , Li Haomiao , Lei Fang , Qin Juan-Juan , Ji Yanxiao , Zhang Peng , Cai Jingjing , She Zhi-Gang , Zhang Xiao-Jing , Lu Zhibing , Liu Hui , Li Hongliang
Published: December 2021

Objective: High systolic blood pressure (HSBP) remains the leading risk factor for mortality worldwide; however, limited data have revealed all-cause and cause-specific burdens attributed to HSBP at global and regional levels. This study aimed to estimate the global burden and priority diseases attributable to HSBP by region, sex, and age.

Methods: Based on data and evaluation methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, we estimated trends of age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), the age-standardized rate of disability-adjusted life years (ASDRs), and the age-standardized rate of years lived with disability (ASYRs) attributable to HSBP during 1990-2019. Further, we analyzed cause-specific burdens attributable to HSBP by sex, age, year, and region.

Results: Globally, a significant downtrend was found in the ASMR attributed to HSBP while ASYRs did not change substantially during 1990-2019. The majority of HSBP burden has shifted from high-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) regions to lower SDI regions. All-cause and most cause-specific burdens related to HSBP were improved in high SDI regions but the downtrends have stagnated in recent years. Although many cause-specific deaths associated with HSBP declined, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and endocarditis associated deaths were aggravated globally and ischemic heart disease (IHD), atrial fibrillation and flutter, aortic aneurysm (AA), and peripheral artery disease (PAD) associated deaths were on the rise in low/low-middle/middle SDI regions. Additionally, males had higher disease burdens than females. Middle-aged people with CVDs composed the major subgroup affected by HSBP while older people had the highest ASMRs associated with HSBP.

Conclusions: This study revealed the global burden and priority diseases attributable to HSBP with wide variation by region, sex, and age, calling for effective and targeted strategies to reduce the prevalence and mortality of HSBP, especially in low/low-middle/middle SDI regions.
Chlorogenic Acid-Induced Gut Microbiota Improves Metabolic Endotoxemia
Authors: Ye Xiaolin , Liu Yang , Hu Jiajin , Gao Yanyan , Ma Yanan , Wen Deliang
Published: December 2021

Background

Coffee can regulate glucose homeostasis but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol that is found in coffee, on obesity and obesity-related metabolic endotoxemia.

Method

Male 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed either normal chow or a high-fat diet or 20 weeks and half the mice in each group were gavaged with CGA. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) were performed. Markers of inflammation and intestinal barrier function were assayed. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput pyrosequencing. The role of CGA-altered microbiota in metabolic endotoxemia was verified by fecal microbiota transplantation.

Results

CGA protected against HFD-induced weight gain, decreased the relative weight of subcutaneous and visceral adipose, improved intestinal barrier integrity, and prevented glucose metabolic disorders and endotoxemia (P <0.05). CGA significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota and increased the abundance of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producers (e.g., Dubosiella, Romboutsia, Mucispirillum, and Faecalibaculum) and Akkermansia, which can protect the intestinal barrier. In addition, mice with the CGA-altered microbiota had decreased body weight and fat content and inhibited metabolic endotoxemia.

Conclusion

CGA-induced changes in the gut microbiota played an important role in the inhibition of metabolic endotoxemia in HFD-fed mice.
Nuchal Skinfold Thickness in Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients
Authors: Peng Junxiang , Boekhoff Svenja , Eveslage Maria , Bison Brigitte , Sowithayasakul Panjarat , Friedrich Carsten , Müller Hermann L.
Published: December 2021

Background

Severe obesity and tumor relapse/progression have impact on long-term prognosis in pediatric brain tumor patients.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed nuchal skinfold thickness (NST) on magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up monitoring as a parameter for assessment of nuchal adipose tissue in 177 brain tumor patients (40 World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1–2 brain tumor; 31 grade 3–4 brain tumor; 106 craniopharyngioma), and 53 healthy controls. Furthermore, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio, caliper-measured skinfold thickness, and blood pressure were analyzed for association with NST.

Results

Craniopharyngioma patients showed higher NST, BMI, waist-to-height ratio, and caliper-measured skinfold thickness when compared to other brain tumors and healthy controls. WHO grade 1–2 brain tumor patients were observed with higher BMI, waist circumference and triceps caliper-measured skinfold thickness when compared to WHO grade 3–4 brain tumor patients. NST correlated with BMI, waist-to-height ratio, and caliper-measured skinfold thickness. NST, BMI and waist-to-height ratio were associated with increased blood pressure. In craniopharyngioma patients with hypothalamic involvement/lesion or gross-total resection, rate and degree of obesity were increased.

Conclusions

NST could serve as a novel useful marker for regional nuchal adipose tissue. NST is highly associated with body mass and waist-to-height ratio, and easily measurable in routine MRI monitoring of brain tumor patients.
Lack of Offspring Nrf2 Does Not Exacerbate the Detrimental Metabolic Outcomes Caused by In Utero PCB126 Exposure
Authors: Rice Brittany B. , Ngo Tenlep Sara Y. , Tolaymat Obadah , Alvi Attaas T. , Slone Fallon R. , Crosby Claire L. , Howard Stevi S. , Hermanns Cecile L. , Montessorie Nishimwe P. , Swanson Hollie I. , Pearson Kevin J.
Published: December 2021

Human environmental exposures to toxicants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), increase oxidative stress and disease susceptibility. Such exposures during pregnancy and/or nursing have been demonstrated to adversely affect offspring health outcomes. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the antioxidant response and is involved in the detoxification of coplanar PCBs, like PCB126. The purpose of this study was to investigate glucose tolerance and body composition in PCB-exposed offspring expressing or lacking Nrf2. We hypothesized that offspring lacking Nrf2 expression would be more susceptible to the long-term health detriments associated with perinatal PCB exposure. During gestation, whole-body Nrf2 heterozygous (Het) and whole-body Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice were exposed to vehicle or PCB126. Shortly after birth, litters were cross-fostered to unexposed dams to prevent PCB exposure during nursing. Offspring were weaned, and their body weight, body composition, and glucose tolerance were recorded. At two months of age, PCB exposure resulted in a significant reduction in the average body weight of offspring born to Nrf2 Het dams (p < 0.001) that primarily arose from the decrease in average lean body mass in offspring (p < 0.001). There were no differences in average body weight of PCB-exposed offspring born to Nrf2 KO dams (p > 0.05), and this was because offspring of Nrf2 KO dams exposed to PCB126 during pregnancy experienced a significant elevation in fat mass (p = 0.002) that offset the significant reduction in average lean mass (p < 0.001). Regardless, the lack of Nrf2 expression in the offspring themselves did not enhance the differences observed. After an oral glucose challenge, PCB-exposed offspring exhibited significant impairments in glucose disposal and uptake (p < 0.05). Offspring born to Nrf2 Het dams exhibited these impairments at 30 min and 120 min, while offspring born to Nrf2 KO dams exhibited these impairments at zero, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after the glucose challenge. Again, the interactions between offspring genotype and PCB exposure were not significant. These findings were largely consistent as the offspring reached four months of age and demonstrate that the lack of offspring Nrf2 expression does not worsen the metabolic derangements caused by in utero PCB exposure as we expected. Future directions will focus on understanding how the observed maternal Nrf2 genotypic differences can influence offspring metabolic responses to in utero PCB exposure.
Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on the Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Yang Xiao , Li Xingchen , Dong Yangyang , Fan Yuan , Cheng Yuan , Zhai Lirong , Zhang Shuyi , Zhou Jingyi , Wang Jianliu
Published: December 2021

Objective

To explore the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC) and to identify key components of MetS associated with EC.

Methods

A total of 506 patients surgically diagnosed with EC were analyzed in this study. These patients were diagnosed with EC in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the People’s Hospital of Peking University between 2010 and 2016. The follow-up time was cut off at December 2019. MetS was characterized based on standards provided by the Chinese Diabetes Society in 2004.

Results

Among the 506 EC patients analyzed, 153 patients were diagnosed with MetS. MetS patients were more likely to be older and postmenopausal. MetS was positively related to tumor grade, stage, LNM, LVSI, and MI. The univariate analysis showed that MetS was closely related to the OS (HR = 2.14; P = 0.032) and RFS (HR = 1.80; P = 0.045) of EC patients. K–M analysis also indicated that EC patients with MetS had shorter OS and RFS than EC patients without MetS. More specifically, patients that had ≥3 components showed a worse outcome compared with patients only having 0 or 1–2 components (P <0.05). In the multivariate-adjust model, after adjusting for age, histotype, tumor grade, and stage, HDL-C was found to be associated with increased risk of death related to EC (HR = 2.2, P = 0.034). However, MetS did not significantly correlate with this. ROC analysis revealed that the area under the ROC curve of combined factors (HDL-C + grade + stage) was better than traditional stage or grade at 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates. From this, a nomogram based on HDL-C, grade, and stage was constructed to predict survival of EC patients. Calibration curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) showed the nomogram we constructed could better predict the survival of EC patients.

Conclusion

MetS is closely related to poor prognosis in EC patients. The prevalence of individual MetS components increase with worse outcomes in EC patients. A nomogram based on HDL-C, grade, and stage has good ability to predict survival of EC patients.
Blood Glucose Level, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Maternal Birth Season: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Dongjian , Qiu Jingbo , Qin An , Chen Lei , Yang Ya , Huang Zhen , Qian Jieyan , Zhu Wei
Published: December 2021

Background

Previous evidence indicates that birth season is associated with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, information on the association of birth with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is lacking. The present study explores the association between birth seasonality and GDM in East China.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the International Peace Maternal and child health hospital between 2014 and 2019. A total of 79, 292 pregnant women were included in the study after excluding participants with previous GDM, stillbirth, polycystic ovary syndrome, and lack of GDM laboratory records. The multivariate logistic regression model was employed to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. After log transformation of blood glucose level, the percentage change and 95% confidence interval were estimated by a multivariate linear model.

Results

The risk of GDM among pregnant women born in spring, autumn, and winter was not significantly different compared to that among participants born in summer. Pregnant women born in autumn had significantly higher 1-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG-1h) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG-2h) levels than pregnant women born in summer. Compared to pregnant women born in August, the PBG-1h level of pregnant women born in October, November, and December increased significantly, whereas the PBG-2h levels of pregnant women born in November and December increased significantly.

Conclusion

Pregnant women born in autumn exhibit higher postprandial blood glucose levels during pregnancy than in those born in summer. The findings provide evidence that exposure to seasonal changes in early life may influence blood glucose metabolism during pregnancy.
Sex Differences in Metabolic Recuperation After Weight Loss in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Guerra-Cantera Santiago , Frago Laura M. , Collado-Pérez Roberto , Canelles Sandra , Ros Purificación , Freire-Regatillo Alejandra , Jiménez-Hernaiz María , Barrios Vicente , Argente Jesús , Chowen Julie A.
Published: December 2021

Dietary intervention is a common tactic employed to curtail the current obesity epidemic. Changes in nutritional status alter metabolic hormones such as insulin or leptin, as well as the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, but little is known about restoration of these parameters after weight loss in obese subjects and if this differs between the sexes, especially regarding the IGF system. Here male and female mice received a high fat diet (HFD) or chow for 8 weeks, then half of the HFD mice were changed to chow (HFDCH) for 4 weeks. Both sexes gained weight (p < 0.001) and increased their energy intake (p < 0.001) and basal glycemia (p < 0.5) on the HFD, with these parameters normalizing after switching to chow but at different rates in males and females. In both sexes HFD decreased hypothalamic NPY and AgRP (p < 0.001) and increased POMC (p < 0.001) mRNA levels, with all normalizing in HFDCH mice, whereas the HFD-induced decrease in ObR did not normalize (p < 0.05). All HFD mice had abnormal glucose tolerance tests (p < 0.001), with males clearly more affected, that normalized when returned to chow. HFD increased insulin levels and HOMA index (p < 0.01) in both sexes, but only HFDCH males normalized this parameter. Returning to chow normalized the HFD-induced increase in circulating leptin (p < 0.001), total IGF1 (p < 0.001), IGF2 (p < 0.001, only in females) and IGFBP3 (p < 0.001), whereas free IGF1 levels remained elevated (p < 0.01). In males IGFBP2 decreased with HFD and normalized with chow (p < 0.001), with no changes in females. Although returning to a healthy diet improved of most metabolic parameters analyzed, fIGF1 levels remained elevated and hypothalamic ObR decreased in both sexes. Moreover, there was sex differences in both the response to HFD and the switch to chow including circulating levels of IGF2 and IGFBP2, factors previously reported to be involved in glucose metabolism. Indeed, glucose metabolism was also differentially modified in males and females, suggesting that these observations could be related.
Evidences for Red Pigment Concentrating Hormone (RPCH) and Beta-Pigment Dispersing Hormone (β-PDH) Inducing Oocyte Meiotic Maturation in the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Wei Ling-Ling , Chen Tian-Tian , Luo Bi-Yun , Qiu Gao-Feng
Published: December 2021

Red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH) and pigment dispersing hormone (PDH) are crustacean neuropeptides involved in broad physiological processes including body color changes, circadian rhythm, and ovarian growth. In this study, the full-length cDNA of RPCH and PDH were identified from the brain of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The deduced RPCH and PDH mature peptides shared identical sequence to the adipokinetic hormone/RPCH peptides family and the β-PDH isoforms and were designated as Es-RPCH and Es-β-PDH, respectively. Es-RPCH and Es-β-PDH transcripts were distributed in the brain and eyestalks. The positive signals of Es-RPCH and Es-β-PDH were localized in the neuronal clusters 6, 8, 9, 10, and 17 of the brain as revealed by in situ hybridization. The expression level of Es-RPCH and Es-β-PDH mRNA in nervous tissues were all significantly increased at vitellogenic stage, and then decreased at the final meiotic maturation stage. The administrated with synthesized Es-RPCH peptide results in germinal vesicles shift toward the plasma membrane in vitellogenic oocyte, and significant decrease of the gonad-somatic index (GSI) and mean oocyte diameter as well as the expression of vitellogenin mRNA at 30 days post injection in vivo. Similar results were also found when injection of the Es-β-PDH peptide. In vitro culture demonstrated that Es-RPCH and Es-β-PDH induced germinal vesicle breakdown of the late vitellogenic oocytes. Comparative ovarian transcriptome analysis indicated that some reproduction/meiosis-related genes such as cdc2 kinase, cyclin B, 5-HT-R and retinoid-X receptor were significantly upregulated in response to Es-RPCH and Es-β-PDH treatments. Taken together, these results provided the evidence for the inductive effect of Es-RPCH and Es-β-PDH on the oocyte meiotic maturation in E. sinensis.