bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pharmacist's Role in Developing a Critical Pathway for Preterm Labor Management
Authors: Palmer Beverly S.
Published: November 2015

Critical pathways strive to maintain or improve quality of care while reducing costs, and are generally designed for high-volume, high-risk or high-cost diagnoses or procedures. Obstetrically trained clinical pharmacists, due to their unique knowledge and understanding of medication use in pregnancy, can play a critical role in optimizing therapies utilized to manage preterm labor by working closely with the physician and nursing staff to devise individualized treatment plans. This report will describe a critical pathway for continuous subcutaneous terbutaline therapy, a therapy which is currently utilized to manage preterm labor, and is ideally suited to critical pathway principles.
Major Techniques of Biotechnology
Authors: Tami Joseph A.
Published: November 2015

Since the discovery of the structure and function of DNA over 40 years ago, the established knowledge of molecular biology has increased dramatically, and many new tools have been discovered and utilized by scientists to develop new therapeutic agents. Important tools that are used in recombinant DNA technology include restriction endonucleases (cleave DNA), DNA ligase (link DNA molecules together), and cloning vectors (place foreign DNA into an organism such as bacterial or yeast cells in order to mass produce the protein encoded by that foreign DNA). The development of hybridoma technology provided a method to produce virtually unlimited quantities of pure antibody with a single specificity. These immuno-globulins are known as monoclonal antibodies, and have provided both therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Antisense molecules are oligonucleotides which bind to the messenger RNA (mRNA) of a target gene and selectively inhibit the production of specific proteins. Potential applications for these molecules include cancer and viral and inflammatory diseases. The more recent development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has provided a tool that has revolutionized diagnostic testing in diverse areas such as infectious diseases, genetic abnormalities, and cancer.
An Assessment of Herbal Weight Loss Products
Authors: Easton Michelle R. , Morton W. Alexander
Published: November 2015

Although herbal medication use has exploded over the last several years, the amount of information regarding efficacy and safety has not been as generous. There are numerous herbal weight loss products available over-the-counter that claim to“increase energy,”“decrease water retention,”“curb sugar cravings,”“suppress hunger,” and“build muscles.” However, verified and validated studies to confirm these weight loss claims are lacking in the scientific arena. Issues of safety and efficacy are discussed as well as guidelines for patients taking herbal products and suggestions for interventions that pharmacists can provide to consumers.
Physical Therapy and Arthritis
Authors: Bowman Mary A. , Bowman Lee
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this review is to discuss the range of physical therapy interventions for the individual presenting with arthritis. Rehabilitation of the individual with arthritis is a complex process. Individuals with arthritis present with the impairments of pain, joint contractures, decreased strength, and diminished cardiovascular endurance. These impairments negatively impact the functional status of an individual with arthritis. These issues should be addressed with an individualized physical therapy treatment plan utilizing a variety of therapeutic modalities and exercise. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation is a return to function.
Evaluation and comparison of lubrication methods in finish machining of hardened steel mould inserts
Authors: Chan Yuk Lun , Xu Xun
Published: November 2015

Traditionally, metal cutting fluid or lubricant is used in finishing operations of high-speed machining process to reduce the rate of tool wear, which in turn will improve surface quality. In automobile and aerospace industries, minimum quantity lubrication technique is considered to provide the same level of performance as the flood coolant method and offers financial benefits by saving coolant direct and associated costs. However, scant research work has been done on minimum quantity lubrication applications in the die and mould manufacturing industry. In this study, the effects of dry, flood and minimum quantity lubrication machining on surface roughness, tool wear, dimensional accuracy and machining time of hardened steel mould inserts were compared. The results revealed that there were no significant differences between these three lubrication methods. More in-depth experimental study of dry and minimum quantity lubrication machining was then carried out using the design of experiments technique. In terms of surface roughness and tool wear, there were again no significant differences. Nevertheless, minimum quantity lubrication machining produced more accurate results than dry machining in dimensional deviation. The regression models show that feed-rate ( fz) has a larger effect on surface roughness and machining time than step-over ( ae), while depth of cut ( ap) has no significant effect on surface roughness. Based on the test piece shape, a shortest possible machining time of 3.55 h and a good surface finish of 0.28 µm can be achieved using a small feed-rate (0.03 mm/tooth), a large step-over (0.1 mm) and a large depth of cut (0.2 mm). This work shows that when combining the minimum quantity lubrication technique with the right cutting conditions in modern die and mould manufacturing, machining time and polishing time can be saved, which leads to an overall saving in production cost. Using the dry and minimum quantity lubrication techniques for different finish machining situations can therefore be a good economical solution.
Waiting in the asylum determination process: Just an empty interlude?
Authors: Rotter Rebecca
Published: November 2015

In both the academic literature and the public imagination, waiting time is often understood as passive, empty and wasted, particularly when associated with institutional or organisational settings. The purpose of this paper is to challenge this limited conceptualisation, by exploring the experiences of asylum seekers who waited between 2 and 9 years in the UK for a resolution of their precarious immigration status in Glasgow, UK. When asked to describe their experiences of waiting, these individuals tended to articulate the dominant notion of waiting as passive, stagnant time spent ‘doing nothing’. Rather than taking such narrative accounts at face value, I consider broader ethnographic material pertaining to their everyday lives, which attests to a more complex lived experience of waiting. I argue that their waiting was affective, involving a heightened anticipation of the future and reflection on desired and dreaded outcomes; active, as they structured and filled their time with a variety of routines, activities and projects; and, in a more limited sense, productive, as waiting time could be transformed into capital. I conclude that for the asylum seekers involved in this research, waiting was not an empty interlude between events but an intentional and agential process.
Nursing instructors’ perception of students’ uncivil behaviors: A qualitative study
Authors: Masoumpoor Anahita , Borhani Fariba , Abbaszadeh Abbas , Rassouli Maryam
Published: November 2015

Background:

Uncivil behavior is a serious issue in nursing education around the world, and is frequently faced by instructors and students. There is no study in relation to explain the concept and dimensions of uncivil behavior in nursing education of Iran.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the perception of nursing educators about student incivility behavior.

Methods:

This was a qualitative study. Data from 11 semi-structured interviews were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

Participants and research context:

In all, 11 nursing educators of 5 various nursing schools in Tehran, capital of Iran, participated.

Ethical considerations:

Organizational approval by the Universities, and informed consent were ensured before conducting the research. The principles of voluntariness, confidentiality, and anonymity were respected during the research process.

Results:

Three themes were found: disruptive behavior affecting communication climate, disruptive behavior affecting ethical climate, and disruptive behavior affecting learning climate.

Discussion and final considerations:

The results of this study demonstrated that uncivil behavior affects every ethical, communicational, and learning climate and threaten peace of the instructors, students, and the academic community. With the consideration of mutuality in incivility behaviors, the authors propose to examine students’ perceptions and identify dimensions of uncivil behavior of instructors for formulating strategies to minimize such behaviors in nursing educational society.
THE MANAGEMENT STYLES OF MULTINATIONAL JAPANESE AUTOMOBILE CORPORATIONS
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev
Published: November 2015

The paper observes that the current situation in Japan and the USA shows the tension in automakers' desires to be able to select the best suppliers at any point of time, while being able to create good suppliers by working with them over a long period of time, with the voice strategy.
Analysis of Interstate Banking Deregulation in The United States
Authors: Sharma Dinesh K. , Alade Julius A , Sharma Hari P.
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this paper is to look at the intense controversy over interstate banking by analyzing the concerns and aspirations of the many players involved. The paper presents the positive and negative impacts of interstate banking from a number of perspectives. Our findings show that as much as the advent of interstate banking might lead to considerable bank consolidation and reduction in the number of smaller, local depository institutions that occupy strategic role in providing commercial and industrial loans to small business, the overall benefit of the deregulation provides a positive development for the banking industry.
Seeking Word of Mouth: An Empirical Investigation of Consumer Motivations
Authors: Mishra Prashant , Kondalkar Vasant G. , Singh Ankit
Published: November 2015

The underlying purchase motives behind any purchase decision have always attracted the attention of researchers in the field of consumer psychology. The effect of word-of-mouth on consumers' purchase decision is one such area of interest which has remained under scruitinity of researchers for long. However, with significant changes in the socio-economic and sociocultural environment of Indian markets it has become imperative to look into the is issue of word-of-mouth's effect on decision making afresh. The present study attempted to do the same and yielded significant results. It was found that qualities and benefits of word of-mouth are very much similar across various demographic groups with some differences in preferences.
The Role of Private Foreign Capital in the Growth and Development of Developing Economies with Special Reference to India: Some Key Issues and Policy Options
Authors: Kumar Mishra DR Mukesh
Published: November 2015

Factors that attract foreign capital inflows are analysed. These are free repatriation of dividends and profits, protection of dividends property rights and guarantees against uatioualisatio11. Indian foreign investment policies compare well with most Asian countries except in two things; one is the absence of Intellectual Property Rights Laws and the other is bureaucratic red tapism. To tackle these two hurdles, the Government of India has taken numbers of steps.

It has been observed that to set up a power project, 42 approvals are required from various Central and State Agencies. The cooperation between states and centre in terms of FDI approval is lacking. Finally it is worth noting that in case of many, foreign controlled companies more than 3/4th of foreign equity is made up of bo111ts shares to the foreign pro11wters with the result that exchange outgo exceeded by 1988 its inflow.
Building Relationship through Pricing
Authors: Agrawal M.L. , Borah N.C.
Published: November 2015

Pricing, especially service pricing, is among the under researched areas. As a result, the fuller potential of pricing is yet to be seen in services marketing and in relationship building. As marketing converts to relationship marketing, pricing too should follow suit and become relationship pricing. It is widely believed that the ways to the heart of the customer are through customisation, communication and emotions. Charging customers for any of the services is certainly not among the favored ways to charm the customers.

The paper critiques the existing pricing strategies from the goal of relations building. It follows up the same through a case study of a major corporate hospital that adapted and strategised relationship pricing. Set in the backdrop of a new order of health care in India, GNRC hospital - a tertian; hospital in the private sector, is consciously creating a relationship with its customers through a web of creative pricing policy, price bundling and payment systems.

The conceptual and the case-based analysis in the paper reflect the fact that pricing is among the more relevant indices to a price sensitive Indian market. It is more so in the northeast of India that is coming out of years of economic exploitation and social neglect. The distinctly poor northeast merits down to earth routes of relationship building. GNRC case offers the same to its customers and probably, a Jew inputs to its fellow healthcare providers and to the global customer managers affiliated to the health care services.
How do Prospective Candidates Evaluate a Business School?
Authors: Bhattacharyya S.K. , Rahman Zillur , Sharma Anil K.
Published: November 2015

Management education currently enjoys high popularity in India. As a result, over seven hundred business schools have been set up all over the country. With so many schools competing with one another, it is likely that a business school may want to differentiate itself from other schools to attract and enroll bright students in sufficient number. For an effective differentiation, it is however necessary to identify the relevant criteria that candidates, willing to join an MBA program, use to evaluate a business school for admission and the relative importance of these criteria to them. The authors recently conducted a survey for this purpose and the article sumllwrizes the findings.
Indian Alcoholic Beverages Industry: A Strategic Analysis
Authors: Gupta Seema
Published: November 2015

The Indian Alcoholic Beverages Industry is under the process of phased liberalization and hence is going through turbulent transformation. The changing environment demands fresh thinking and a re-look at the strategy to gain the cutting edge. This paper attempts to look at the various macro and micro environmental factors operating in the industry to gain a holistic understanding of it. The paper uses the model of strategic analysis by George Day to analyze the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, the threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, intensity of rivalry, impact of technological changes, growth & volatility of the market and the influence of government and regulatory interventions. These variables affecting the industry have been categorized as favourable or adverse which accordingly influence the profitability of the industry. The paper also identifies some strategic initiatives, which can be adopted to leverage the favourable forces and protect themselves from the adverse ones. A good understanding of the industry enables management to detect opportunities early and exploit them forcefully.
Human Capital Base Of The Indian Labour Market: The Case Of India's Stock Of Scientific And Technical (S&T) Manpower
Authors: Chadha Vikram
Published: November 2015

The present paper aims at analyzing the stock of scientific and technical (S&T). Among engineering degree holders, the trend in the engineering branches of civil, electrical and mechanical engineering is tapering off in spite of their large proportion in the total stock of engineers. Nevertheless a rising growth rate has been observed in the case of electronics and telecommunication segments of engineering. Obviously the contemporary upsurge in the fields of computer software, IT and electronics industry, offering umpteen opportunities for gainful employment to these engineering specialists, has been responsible for this trend.
Factors Influencing Buying Behaviour-A Study Of Passenger Car Market
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Sandhu H.S.
Published: November 2015

The choice before of the customer are increasing rapidly, as more and more foreign automobile manufactuers commerce operations in India. The market has changed from a sellers' market to a buyers' market. Now too few customers are chasing too many goods. As they are getting better products day by day, price is no longer considered the single most important factor; rather, other features case promirence. This study attempts to find out the important features which a customer considers while going for the purchase of a new car. The paper presents the results of the survey of 303 car owners/ potential buyers from the major cities of the state of Punjab and the Union territory of Chandigarh. Results of the analytical study based on the factor analysis indicate the nine most important factors considered by buyers while buying a car. These are Safety and Comfort, Luxury, Economy, Reliability, Fuel Efficiency, Ease of Finance, Variety, Colour and Spaciousness, and Brand Image.
Information Integrity Analysis and Design: A UML Based Approach
Authors: Malik Kamna
Published: November 2015

Information Integrity(I*I) i.e. Accuracy, Consistency and Reliability of information is a fundamental requirement for strategic business advantage in complex and changing environment characterized by uncertainty. However, its implementation is a highly complex and costly activity. Software modeling and development techniques have by and large advocated divide and conquer as the typical approach to handle large and complex business systems. Object oriented modeling has been a major step towards building of large, flexible and evolving systems. Efforts and contributions to support flexibility have been made by database and programming language providers. The same can be witnessed if we trace down the evolution of databases and programming languages both now focusing on extensible and reusable patterns and components as main contributors to providing flexibility in otherwise statically designed software. Software patterns offer another area that has contributed significantly towards designing software with reasonable strengths and known weaknesses. Literature as well as practice has shown evidence of using design patterns, software patterns and business patterns for improved software quality. However, major focus of software and design patterns is still to meet functional and non-functional requirements of a software, whereas business patterns are largely implemented in a manual form. This paper adopts UML to define a framework built on I*I patterns that can be reused by system designers towards building systems that support I*I and its analysis. This paper is an attempt to further the knowledge area of I*I towards a way of implementing it in any size of software project thus reducing complexity as well as the cost of its implementation. Focus of the paper is not to offer a complete suite of I*I patterns but establish a guideline towards building one of such kind.
An Exploration Of The Punctuated Equilibrium Paradigm: The Case Of Indian Low Cost Airlines
Authors: Mishra Maneesh , Goel Preeti , Shukla AK
Published: November 2015

Over any resonable length of time, in any industry competition can be viewed as a process driven by innovation. By lowering the entry barriers, innovation allows new enterprises to compete with relatively established organizations. Thus the number of competitors in any industry keeps rising and falling as a function of innovation. This phenomenon, which finds its roots in evolutionary biological sciences, can be explained by "model of punctuated equilibrium". In the past explosive growths of many companies, at the expense of established players, endorse the dynamic nature of change process proposed by this model. The Indian domestic civil aviation industry is undergoing a similar change process. Thanks to an innovative strategy: Low Cost Flying. In this paper we have analyzed the defreezing of competitive structure of Indian domestic civil aviation industry to highlight how innovation affects the degree and nature of competition in an industry.
Perception of Co-Brands: An Empirical Study
Authors: Mannan Deepti , Bawa Anupam
Published: November 2015

Co-branding is ‘the placing of two (or more) brand names on a single product’. While co-branding is getting increasingly popular in the Indian market place, researchers have not devoted adequate attention to it. Data was collected from 103 respondents on their perception about four prominent cobrands and their seven constituent brands. No fictitious brands were used.

Contrary to hypothesis, it was found that perception about foreign constituent brands is not superior to perception about Indian constituent brands. Again, contrary to hypotheses results show that co-brands formed by brands of related products are not perceived more favourably than co-brands formed by brands of unrelated products. In keeping with the hypothesis it was found that perception of co-brands is similar to that of constituent brands.

Marketing Managers will find these results of use when they are choosing a brand with which to partner of forming a co-brand. Brand managers of the brands featured in this research will get information about the perception of their brand in the Indian market.
Promoting Rural Non-Farm Employment: A Case Study of Handicrafts Sector in Gujarat
Authors: Singh Sukhpal
Published: November 2015

Rural non-farm enterprises and products remained a relatively neglected area of inquiry until recently. But, given the present and potential importance of this sector for rural livelihoods, and the emerging opportunities in terms of new markets for rural non-farm products, it is important to understand the dynamics and issues of this sector. This paper examines the concept and domain of rural non-farm sector in general, and the nature and dynamics of production of and market for handicraft products in particular, with focus on Gujarat. It identifies problems and explores strategies for better organisation of production and marketing of these products. It is argued that the lack of marketing orientation is the major problem in this sector, besides poor backward and forward linkages and lack of capital. Based on empirical evidence, certain solutions to better attend to the problems of the handicrafts sector are suggested.
Factors Influencing Online Shoppers’ Perceptions Of Website Quality
Authors: Gupta Kamal K. , Sharma Sandhir , Tyagi Amit
Published: November 2015

The proliferation of business-to-consumer e-commerce activities has created a need to understand how and why people participate in e-commerce. In today’s crowded electronic marketplace, the quality of website plays a key role in attracting and converting the visitors into customers. Therefore, knowledge regarding the factors influencing online buyers’ perceptions of website quality is a must for the e-marketeers to develop effective e-marketing strategies. With the objective of identifying these factors, a survey was conducted in the National Capital Region, India, and exploratory factor analysis was used. As a result of factor analysis four factors, namely website design, website reliability/fulfilment, website security/privacy, and website customer service were established as including online buyers’ perceptions of website quality.
Sugar Factory Efficiency Measurement: Application of Data Envelopment Analysis-A New Insight for Managers
Authors: Benni Basavraj S.
Published: November 2015

Atharva Veda as well as Kautilya's Arthasastra make a mention of five Amrits (elixirs) like milk, curd, ghee (clarified butter), honey, and sugar. which shows how important sugar is not only as an item of production and consumption but as an item which influences the Indian way of life. In a primarily agricultural country like India, any effort for economic development will be based on rapid growth of agriculture and the development of agro-based industries. Now India has emerged as the largest sugar producing country in the world with 15 per cent of share of world sugar production. This paper discusses efficiency measurement in a sugar factory by applying Data Envelopment Analysis. The study confined to sugar factory only in the cooperative sector: Only factors in operation have been considered for the analysis.
Some Personal Attributes in Association With Job Satisfaction of Industrial Workers of Nepal
Authors: Bahadur Katuwal Shyam , Randhawa Gurpreet
Published: November 2015

The present study is an attempt to assess the association between job satisfaction and some personal attributes (e.g. age, marital status, number of dependants, educational attainment, skill level, nature of employment, experience, and monthly additional income) of the industrial workers of Nepal. Data were collected from a sample of 372 textile workers. The results of the study reveal that there is a positive association of job satisfaction with age, skill, permanent employment status, experience and workers' large additional income. However, the marital status and number of dependants has been found to be negatively associated with the job satisfaction of the industrial workers. Further, no definite association was observed between education and job satisfaction.
Paradox of Full Capital Account Convertibility in India
Authors: Mallick Hrushikesh , Shankar Mishra Udaya
Published: November 2015

In the light of the controversy regarding capital account convertibility (CAC) in the Indian context, the study theoretically addresses the benefits and chaos arising due to the full capital account convertibility, given the experience of the world economies in the recent past. This supports the general consensus that even though the economy is doing better in all fronts but still almost five years later, it has not been successful in achieving all the targets set by the Tarapore Committee (1997) as the conditions for moving into full capital account convertibility. Therefore, the economy should not now be in a rush to go for adopting ful1 capital account convertibility. Even though the targets set by the committee are arbitrary and there is scope for relaxing the same, given the fact that the foreign institutional investment is more susceptible to macroeconomic fluctuations or financial trouble than foreign direct investment, the country should take steps only in promoting foreign direct investment, which would promote higher growth rate and spread the growth benefits across different regions of the economy than promoting foreign institutional investment which is more speculative and can make the economy volatile and fragile.
Determinants of Export Performance of Firms: Lessons from Indian Experience
Authors: H. Dholakia Ravindra , Kapur Deepak
Published: November 2015

Macroeconomic policy reforms initiated in India since 1991 have brought about significant improvement in the export performance of firms. This paper examines the export performance of firms with the help of balance sheet data of 557 firms for the years 1980-1 to 1995-6. Applying panel Tobit model, it explains the improved export performance through changes in various firm level variables as well as economic environmental factors derived from existing literature on experiences of different countries. From its findings on India, the paper also draws certain strategic and policy implications likely to be relevant for emerging economies.
Impact of Foreign Institutional Investments on Domestic Stock Market: An Evidence From Indian Stock Market
Authors: Dhade Aruna , Kulshreshth Risha
Published: November 2015

It is evident from the number of studies that investments by Foreign Institutional Investments and the movements of Sensex are quite closely correlated in India and Foreign Institutional Investment (FIIs) wield significant influence on the movement of Sensex. In Indian stock market, FIIs have a disproportionately high level of influence on the market sentiments and price trends. Because of this local market participants perceive the decision taken by FIIs in their assessment of the market and tend of follow FIIs. With this context, the present study tries to examine: the association of the Bombay stock Exchange Sensitivity Index (Sensex) with the net FII flows by applying the coefficient through the historical volatility of the market Results of this study show that not only the FIIS are the major players in the domestic stock market in India, but their influence on the domestic markets is also growing. There is a partial correlation between the BSE Sensex and FIIs. Volatility is measured as the standard deviation of monthly closings of the Sensex. This remained almost stable for an eleven year period. Last quarterly results indicate a heavy investment by international funds. Heavy investments of funds amplify the results on high deviations which induce high fluctuations in the market.
An Empirical Study on Retailing Industry in India: A Case Study on Apparel Market
Authors: Gupta S.L.
Published: November 2015

The study puts focus on how retailers are designing organized retail formats to keep pace with the changing moods of the shoppers. This will help them out in reaching a huge market comprising middle segment in order to enhance their clientele. These organized retail formats are at a paradigm shift in India and the need of the hour is a place where the consumers are seeking the convenience of one-stop shopping which can be catered by none other than malls. In the past few years there has been a shift in India from individual retail outlets owned separately and managed distinctively and professionally for retailing. Things changed primarily because of rising expectations of Indian consumers Corporate houses in turn responded quickly to the needs of the consumers. The study addresses how factors within and outside the stores affect store-level shopping decision. Preference for certain retailer attributes differs by shopper and these preferences are reflected in store choice. Therefore, several retailer attribute act as reasons for store patronage. A questionnaire was designed to investigate store patronage relative to the importance and perception of selected attributes of the stores. The data were collected from retailers. Respondents were asked to describe their perception of store on the basis of various attributes. These attributes were then treated as variables/indicators in the study. The six main indicators on the basis of which retailers decide to go for specific type of retail format consisted of price, sales personnel, quality of merchandise, assortment of merchandise, advertising, services, and other convenience services. The data collected from 100 retailers.
Strategic Thinking And Contemporary Business - Thoughts From An Ancient Indian Thinker
Authors: Gupta Vishal K.
Published: November 2015

Business strategists are well aware of the work of Italian statesman Machiavelli and Chinese scholar Sun Tzu. Their books are increasingly read and appreciated by researchers and managers around the world. Unfortunately, most academics and practitioners appear to have overlooked another eastern scholar of similar value who was writing in ancient India around the same time that Sun Tzu was writing in China. This article presents the wisdom of Chanakya, an ancient Indian statesman and scholar, to business executives and scholars. His book Arthashastra (The Science of Wealth) written about 2500 years ago as a treatise on political governance can contribute immensely to business competitiveness in today's world, both domestically and internationally. Understanding Chanakya's work can help Indian companies grow and succeed vis-à-vis their competitors domestically and internationally as well as Western companies interested in doing business in India.
Efficient Market Theory: In Relation with Bonus Issue Announcement in Indian Market
Authors: Thaker Keyur , Jitendra K Abhani
Published: November 2015

Efficient Market Theory, pioneered by Eugene Fama, attracted researchers for analysis of market efficiency in developing market of India. Mishra (2005) considered the bonus issue announcement as the information which can affect the efficiency of the market and challenge the Efficient Market Theory. The effect of the information of bonus issue announcement is found to be positive on the market. The reason why it is so has been explained by many different hypotheses like signalling hypothesis (Foster and Vickrey 1978), cash distribution hypothesis (Ghosh and Woolridge 1988), liquidity hypothesis (Lakonishok and Lev 1987), and attention-getting hypothesis (Doran and Nachtmann 1988). This paper examines the effect of bonus announcements and the record date of bonus issue on the efficiency of the Indian stock market. Hypothesis test for the difference between the means of two samples method is used. Findings support the semi-strong form of market efficiency in case of most of the stocks. However, evidence of insider trading was observed in the sample companies that do not show efficiency. In case of record date the market is found to be efficient. A further analysis of bonus announcement effect on liquidity and effect of announcement with future record date uncovers evidences of inefficacy. In case-to-case company-specific market data analysis insider trading is evident.
The Changing Profile of Indian Boards
Authors: Kumar Garg Ajay
Published: November 2015

The Cod bury committee report (1992) placed the corporate board at the centre stage of the governance system that it described as one by which companies are directed and governed. A major port of the debate on corporate governance centres around board composition especially board size and independence. Corporate governance reforms in the US and the UK hove focused on making the board independent of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and hence on independent directors. The Cadbury Committee (1992), the Greenbury Committee (1995), the Hampel Committee (1998), the Higgs Committee (2003), etc. have mandated independent directors on the board. Guidelines have been issued in India on the composition of the board of directors that are on similar lines as those given abroad, mandating the appointment of a certain percentage of independent directors. The SEBI Guidelines on Corporate Governance based on the report of the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee and recommendations of subsequent committees, namely, the Naresh Chandra Committee, the N.R. Narayana Murthy Committee, and very recently, the J.J. Irani Committee have given a mandate for independent directors.

Literature finds that smaller boards are more efficient than larger ones. A larger board impairs the performance of the firm. This paper documents the changing profile of the boards of Indian companies in the light of the guidelines on board composition which have been given by various statutory bodies and committees.
Volatility Spillover Effect Acrossbric Nations: An Empirical Study
Authors: Rastogi Shailesh
Published: November 2015

Financial contagion is a contemporary phenomenon which has put a question mark on cross-border diversification of funds. This problem has crept in, in the connivance of growth and liberalization of capital market. It has become practically impossible to quarantine any market from the rest. This study proposes to test empirically the Volatility Spillover Effect in the stock markets of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs) owing to USA and UK stock markets using univariate EGARCH model.
Equity Investment Decisions: Are Demographic Variables Really Significant?
Authors: Singh Ranjit , Bhattacharjee Dibyojyoti
Published: November 2015

The objective of the present study is to find out the impact of demographic variables on the equity share investment decisions of the employees. The study is done on the employees of Oil India Limited [OIL]. It is found that out of the four demographic variables namely age, gender, qualification and designation considered for the study only age is having significant influence on the equity share investment decisions in past, present and future however, gender is only having impact on the present equity investment decisions. Other than these other demographic variables are not significant for equity investment decisions.
Dividend Policy Determinants Of Indian Services Sector: A Factorial Analysis
Authors: Kapoor Sujata , Mishra Anil , Anil Kanwal
Published: November 2015

Profitability has always been considered as a primary indicator of dividend payout by a company. Factors other than profitability namely cash flows, dept equity ratio, retained earnings, sales growth, share prices of a company, capital expenditure and beta etc. also affect dividend decisions of an organization. Existing literature suggests that dividend payout is positively related to profits, cash flows while Capex, retained earnings, sales growth, share prices, beta, interest paid and debt equity ratio have inverse relationship. In the present study a set of 22 key variables that affect the dividend payout of a firm have been identified. In the past, researchers have used several proxies to represent these determinants. Authors have tried to find out which proxy variable is most relevant in the present scenario. This paper attempts to give a focused overview of the important dividend theories and empirically analyze the determinants of dividend behavior of Indian Services sector. The relationship between key variables has been explored with the aid of statistical techniques of Factor analysis Thus, the main theme of this study is to examine the various factors that influence the dividend policy decisions of firms in Services sector in India.
Perceived Organizational Support As A Predictor Of Organizational Commitment And Role Stress
Authors: Luxmi Dr. , Yadav Vibhuti
Published: November 2015

The paper aims at exploring employee perceptions in the form of perceived organizational support and studying its impact on organizational commitment and role stress. The paper is driven theoretically by the social exchange theory, the concept of perceived organizational support, which is the commitment of the organization towards the employee, the norm of reciprocity as well as the other relevant literature in the human resource management and organizational behaviour research. With increasing competition managing and retaining employees has become a critical issue for the present day organizations. Medical profession requires doctors to be committed and stress free for efficient performance.

A major factor that affects job behaviour is the perceptions about the place of work. Thus, the study aims at exploring the role of building positive organizational perceptions in order to achieve most efficient work performance. The paper is based on an empirical study conducted on a sample of 332 doctors from a leading hospital in Chandigarh. The results indicate that perceptions of organizational support have a significant impact on both the commitment and role stress level of doctors. This paper contributes to the limited body of knowledge about the psychological processes underlying the formation of organizational commitment and reducing role stress through the perspectives of the social exchange theory and the organizational support theory.
Impact Of Emotional Intelligence On Performance Of Insurance Marketers: A Study Of Personnel In Indian Public Sector
Authors: Patranabis Ipsita C. , Banerjee Dr. Sharmistha
Published: November 2015

Success of sales professionals depends on their ability to understand the need and empathize with the customers. Research has identified the attributes that play a major role in influencing the performance of sales people of which emotional intelligence is a major contributing factor. Goleman (1998) suggested that emotional intelligence facilitates sales personnel to build a strong and profitable customer relationship. The study presented here is focused on sales personnel of the life insurance sector. The rationale behind the choice of this sector is the significant contribution of this sector to the domestic economy which is growing at a rate of 10 per cent annually (Survey, 2010-11). In spite of the stiff competition from the private insurance companies, LICI has been able to top the list of actors in the insurance sector. Behind this success of LICI, the insurance advisors play a pivotal role. The researchers have tried to explore the facets of emotional intelligence influencing the performance of these advisors in different hierarchical levels spread across the Kolkata region, based on an empirical study through a structured questionnaire. Such a study may provide guidelines for the HR professionals in career management of the insurance sector sales personnel.
Refinement And Validation Of New Environmental Paradigm (Nep) In India: A Cfa Approach
Authors: Khan Anna , Khan Dr. Mohammed Naved , Adil Mohd.
Published: November 2015

The human race today is facing a plethora of problems regarding the environment. This has lead us to question our future as a race. It has therefore become important to know the human psychology, their attitude towards environment. Dunlap and Van Liere proposed NEP scale to measure environmental attitude of individuals in US. However, researchers raised concerns regarding its applicability in different cultures as also the dimensions framed in the scale are those which are fit for the western audience. Thus, a need was felt to refine the original scale and make it fit for Indian customers.

Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire from 429 individuals working in offices at Delhi and Mumbai. The cities were chosen because of their rank as no. 1 and 3 among most polluted metropolitan cities of India. Test of reliability and dimensionality of the original NEP scale were carried out through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with the help of SPSS 18.0. It was found that the original scale lacked uni-dimensionality. Against three dimensions of the original NEP scale, four dimensions emerged in case of Indian context. Three items were dropped from original NEP, reducing it to a nine item scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was also used to re-check the fitness of measurement model.
Has Cement Manufacturing Across States in India Become More Equitable after Decontrol?
Authors: Mukhopadhyaya Prof. Jayanta Nath , Roy Malabika , Raychaudhuri Ajitava
Published: November 2015

The cement industry is important for research due to several reasons: Firstly, the Indian cement industry is the second largest in the world, even larger than the USA. Secondly, cement industry has very strong linkages to the infrastructure sector. There have been few detailed studies of this industry. In this paper, we study how the distribution of cement industry has changed across states due to the decontrol of industry. This is analysed in terms of the changing patterns of inequality as well as concentration. To this end, we use Gini Coefficient to study the regional inequality and Herfindahl Index to study concentration. The Cusum Test is carried out to examine structural breaks. In the paper, we also attempt to identify the significant explanatory variables, which can explain the growth of cement sales in different states. We also provide an economic rationale behind such growth patterns. Some policy implications which follow: construction codes of the government agencies may be modified to encourage the use of blended cement and tax breaks may be given to split plants to make the growth more equitable.
Competitive Analysis of Selected Housing Finance Institutions in India
Authors: Duggal Dr. Minakshi
Published: November 2015

The Indian housing finance industry is flooded with a number of players, both big and small. The area covered by these institutions range from government organisations, banks, cooperative societies to specialized Housing Finance Institutions (HFIs). Like any other sector, competition is an inherent aspect of housing finance industry. An estimate of competition needs its measurement so as to assess the efficiency level of different players. It is not only about the market share occupied by the HFIs as well as level of competition pertaining to different activities and also the level of concentration of market share. The present paper attempts to measure the level of competition of selected housing finance institutions in India with the help of Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, popularly known as HH index.
Does the Investor's age Influence Their Investment Behaviour?
Authors: Charles Mr. A. , Kasilingam Dr. R.
Published: November 2015

Investors do not often make wise decisions while doing investments. They are influenced by some biases which hinder their decisions. It may vary from emotional to cognitive biases. One of the factors which influence such biases is demographic factor. Demographic factors such as age, gender, education, occupation, profession, financial dependents and income have direct influence on their behavioural biases which later affect their investment decisions. Amongst these biases, age plays a crucial role on their behavioural biases and success of their investment decisions. How investors’ age determines their investment behaviour is studied in this paper. The multistage random sampling technique was used to collect the data from 742 retail investors who are accessing Indian stock market. The collected data was analyzed quantitatively by using various SPSS tools such as cross tabulations, correspondence analysis etc. Findings of this study suggested that investors’ age has significant influence of determining their investment behaviour.
India Singapore Trade-A Paradigm Shift
Authors: Malhotra Dr. Gunjan , Vadra Dr. Ratna
Published: November 2015

India and Singapore are mutually important economic partners. Singapore is not just India's most important trading partner amongst the ASEAN countries, but also significant as India's gateway to ASEAN and china. The paper studies the trends and changes in the composition of exports and imports of Indian trade with Singapore during the study period 1991-2009. It uses regression analysis for the same. India is Singapore's fastest growing trade partner amongst major economies, outstripping even china. Not only has bilateral trade soared between the two nations since the signing of the comprehensive economic cooperation agreement in 2005. India was Singapore's 13th largest trading partner in 2005. This paper is useful for the researchers and businessmen who wish to do trade between India and Singapore. This paper defines a paradigm shift in the trade relations between India and Singapore.
Marketing Opportunities in the Developing World: An Indian Experience
Authors: Chaturvedi Mukesh
Published: November 2015

In a developing country, marketing is the prime mover in the drive to sell more goods. Yet the professionals who work in this hardheaded world readily set aside some of their time, skill and money to promote the public good - without thought of profit.

This paper attempts to evolve a model of opportunity analysis for (social) marketing in a developing country through various illustrations in the development context.