bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Turkish is it? Art and culture in Vienna
Authors: Sievers Wiebke
Published: December 2018

The Viennese Turkish community constitutes 4% of all people residing in Vienna. This considerable presence has also brought with it many artistic and cultural activities. In this paper I question how far these activities have diversified Viennese cultural life. The results are two-fold: my quantitative analysis of public-funding data shows that Viennese Turkish artistic activities are still perceived as a marginal addendum to Viennese cultural life. However, as my qualitative analysis of selected activities highlights, they have contributed to making the diversity of both Austrian and Turkish cultures visible, albeit only in the margins, rather than in the center of Viennese cultural life.
What matters for internal migration, jobs or amenities?
Authors: Niedomysl Thomas , Clark William A V
Published: December 2018

There is an ongoing debate about whether jobs or amenities matter more for economic growth and by extension for regional migration. We review these debates briefly and point out that amenities are not always well defined and that the “either or” approach neglects the complexity of the migration process and the role that social processes play in the migration decision. While we acknowledge that there is still considerable ambiguity over the role that returns to employment play for internal migration decisions, this does not necessarily mean that the ambiguity can be replaced by calling on amenities as the major force in explaining migration flows.
Finnish refugee children’s experiences of Swedish refugee camps during the Second World War
Authors: Paksuniemi Merja
Published: December 2018

This article seeks to demonstrate how Finnish refugee children experienced living in Swedish refugee camps during the Second World War (1939–1945). The study focuses on children’s opinions and experiences reflected through adulthood. The data were collected through retrospective interviews with six adults who experienced wartime as children in Finland and were evacuated to Sweden as refugees. Five of the interviewees were female and one of them was male. The study shows, it was of decisive importance to the refugee children’s well-being to have reliable adults around them during the evacuation and at the camps. The findings demonstrate that careful planning made a significant difference to the children´s adaptations to refugee camp life. The daily routines at the camp, such as regular meals, play time and camp school, reflected life at home and helped the children to continue their lives, even under challenging circumstances.
"You can't just step from one place to another": The socio-politics of illegality in migration from Zimbabwe to South Africa
Authors: Morreira Shannon
Published: December 2018

Drawing on anthropological fieldwork conducted in Musina and Cape Town, South Africa in 2010 and 2011, in this paper I present a qualitative analysis of the (largely illegal) means of entry of Zimbabwean research participants into South Africa, and their attempts to seek legal status once in the country. I present an ethnographic consideration of one woman’s experiences crossing the border, augmented with quantitative data gathered from a sample of 45 migrants, in order to discuss the socio-political construction of ‘illegality’ in South Africa. I argue that while migrants may have entered the country illegally, this was in a large degree dictated by structural pressures. Migrants’ attempts to legalise themselves are also structurally constrained: I, thus, argue that there is a need to unpack the socio-political process by which a category of illegality is made.
Asylum-seekers falsely implicating themselves in international crimes: Should they be informed of the existence of Article 1F of the Refugee Convention?
Authors: Moore Brian , Wijk Joris van
Published: December 2018

Case studies in the Netherlands and the UK of asylum applicants excluded or under consideration of exclusion pursuant to Article 1Fa of the Refugee Convention reveal that some applicants falsely implicated themselves in serious crimes or behaviours in order to enhance their refugee claim. This may have serious consequences for the excluded persons themselves, as well as for national governments dealing with them. For this reason we suggest immigration authorities could consider forewarning asylum applicants i.e. before their interview, about the existence, purpose and possible consequences of exclusion on the basis of Article 1F.
Welfare participation: A comparison between immigrants and natives in the United Kingdom
Authors: Van der Wielen Nele , Bijak Jakub
Published: December 2018

European migration is a hotly debated topic in the United Kingdom. Using the Labour Force Survey  data for 2012 this study analyses benefit claims among Central and Eastern European immigrants, immigrants from the old European Union member states and UK natives. Results of logistic regression modelling show that, compared to natives, social benefit claims are higher among immigrants from the eight Eastern European countries that became member states of the European Union in 2004. However, those immigrants have a smaller probability than natives to claim unemployment related benefit or income support indicating that the decision to migrate is not likely related to potential benefit support.
Circulation of immigrants to Hungary
Authors: Illés Sándor
Published: December 2018

Abstract We measure the demographic patterns associated with international circular migration. Firstly, we define the circulation within the conceptual framework of transnationalism. Secondly, we create macro-scale data bank on long-term international circular migrants based on an original statistical method. Thirdly, we seek to gain further insight into the composition of international circular immigrants by gender, age, and family status. Conclusions indicate the need for future research.
The international migration and foreign policy nexus: the case of Syrian refugee crisis and Turkey
Authors: Gökalp Aras N. Ela , Şahin Mencütek Zeynep
Published: December 2018

The relationship between ‘foreign’ and ‘immigration and asylum’ policy is complex and has significant consequences beyond these policy areas. Despite their ever increasing importance, migration and refugee studies have been rarely tackled within the foreign policy dimension of state’s responses, in particular regarding refugee crisis. This paper both demonstrates the importance for and impact of foreign policy orientations on immigration and asylum policies. It questions how ‘foreign’ policy and ‘asylum’ policy are intertwined and generate differences in coping with the mass influx with a focus on the Syrian refugee crisis and Turkey’s policy responses. We argue that assertive foreign policy of Turkey, particularly willingness to be the actor ‘establishing the order’ in the Middle East’ which led to the ‘open-door’ and humanitarian asylum policy at the initial stages of refugee flow. However, the isolation of Turkish foreign policy along with the increase in the numbers of refugees necessitated recalibration of the adopted policy towards the one based on ‘non-arrival’, and ‘security’ emphasizing ‘temporary protection’, ‘voluntary return’ and the ‘burden share’.
Migrant mobilities in Europe: Comparing Turkish to Romanian migrants
Authors: Pötzschke Steffen
Published: December 2018

Besides huge differences in attitudes towards the European Union (EU), it seems to be common sense in nearly all strata of EU member states’ societies that the EU created a common and seemingly borderless space of mobility for its inhabitants. Sometimes this characteristic is not only the first positive thing that comes to people’s mind when asked about the Union but also the only one. This paper investigates to which extend Turkish migrants as third-country citizens residing in EU member states make use of this mobility space in a physical and non-physical manner. Data on Romanian migrants is used to contrast these findings. The analysis builds on recent survey data on transnational activities of migrants and nationals in six EU member states (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain and United Kingdom) collected by the EUCROSS study. It is found that a considerable part of the interviewed Turkish migrants visited other EU member states recently, but that, nevertheless, intra-EU mobility is less common in their case than for migrants from Romania. However, this difference can neither exclusively nor mainly be explained by the absence of European citizenship or by the residence within or outside the Schengen space.
Book Reviews
Authors: Zotova Natalia , Tilbe Fethiye , Thakker Mansi , Gulina Olga R. , Knapton Samantha
Published: December 2018

Kibria, N.; Bowman, C., and O’Leary, M. (2014). Race and Immigration. Cambridge: Polity Press. 297 pages. (ISBN: 9780745647913)Vollmer, B. A. (2014) Policy Discourses on Irregular Migration in Germany and the United Kingdom. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 297 pages. (ISBN: 9781137307552)Biradavolu, M. R. (2008) Indian Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, the Making of a Transnational Techno-Capitalist Class. Cambria Press, 237p. (ISBN: 9781604795277)Sirkeci, I., Elcin, D., Seker, G. (ed.) (2015) Politics and Law in Turkish Migration. London, UK: Transnational Press London, 190p. (ISBN: 978-1-910781-00-5)Hackett, S. (2013) Foreigners, Minorities and Integration: The Muslim Immigrant Experience in Britain and Germany. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 277 pages. (ISBN – 978-0-7190-8317-4)
Transiting into Singaporean identity: Immigration and naturalisation policy
Authors: Mathew Mathews , Soon Debbie
Published: December 2018

Debates in Singapore about immigration and naturalisation policy have escalated substantially since 2008 when the government allowed an unprecedentedly large number of immigrants into the country. This essay will discuss immigration and naturalisation policy in Singapore and the tensions that have been evoked, and how these policies are a key tool in regulating the optimal composition and size of the population for the state’s imperatives. It will demonstrate that although the state has, as part of its broader economic and manpower planning policy to import labour for economic objectives, it seeks to retain only skilled labour with an exclusive form of citizenship.  Even as the Singapore state has made its form of citizenship even more exclusive by reducing the benefits that non-citizens receive, its programmes for naturalising those who make the cut to become citizens which include the recently created Singapore Citizenship Journey (SCJ) is by no means burdensome from a comparative perspective. This paper examines policy discourse and the key symbols and narratives provided at naturalisation events and demonstrates how these are used to evoke the sense of the ideal citizen among new Singaporeans.
Nationals, but not full citizens: Naturalisation policies in Mexico
Authors: Hoyo Henio
Published: December 2018

Despite being citizens, naturalised Mexicans are subjected to large restrictions in their political, civic, and even labour rights. Why such discriminatory regime is applied to such a reduced group of citizens, in a country that officially prides itself as open, tolerant, and having an intrinsically ‘mixed’ national origin? My hypothesis is that the roots of such differentiated treatment are the ideological legacy of the ‘Revolutionary Nationalism’ doctrine, which was promoted by the Mexican state during most of the 20th century, and is still expressed in laws and policies.
The ‘Pardon Regulation’: Implementation and outcome of a regularisation programme in the Netherlands
Authors: Smit Monika , Galloway Moira , Vijkhuijs Mina , Kromhout Mariska
Published: December 2018

Regularisation programmes that are intended to legalise the stay of undocumented migrants may provoke public resistance and heated political debates. Governments nevertheless go ahead with such programmes. In the Netherlands, a regularisation programme to settle the legacy of an old Aliens Law, known as the ‘Pardon Regulation’, was implemented in 2007. In this contribution we describe the implementation and outcome of the Pardon Regulation, which led to over 28,000 regularisations. We focus on the question to what extent pitfalls that were experienced in a number of regularisation programmes in other European countries were avoided and intended goals were met.
Social and political dimension of stigmatization: The development of Natasha and Maria images for immigrants in Istanbul
Authors: Unal Bayram
Published: December 2018

This study aims at understanding how the perceptions about migrants have been created and transferred into daily life as a stigmatization by means of public perception, media and state law implementations.  The focus would be briefly what kind of consequences these perceptions and stigmatization might lead. First section will examine the background of migration to Turkey briefly and make a summary of migration towards Turkey by 90s. Second section will briefly evaluate the preferential legal framework, which constitutes the base for official discourse differentiating the migrants and implementations of security forces that can be described as discriminatory. The third section deals with the impact of perceptions influential in both formation and reproduction of inclusive and exclusive practices towards migrant women. Additionally, impact of public perception in classifying the migrants and migratory processes would be dealt in this section.
CONFERENCE REPORT: Turkish Migration Conference and Migration Challenge
Authors: Martin Philip L. , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Rough estimates suggest that there are five to six million movers (migrants) originated from Turkey and, with the recent influx of Syrians, the volume of movers into Turkey reached record between three to four million. Turkey passed a qualitative and quantitative threshold as a country of movers: Millions moved out whilst millions moved in. The three Turkish Migration Conferences since 2012 reflect that reality. The breadth of topics and depth of discussions highlight a growing academic community interested in this particular case of human mobility. The debates about Turkish migration experiences are rich and reveal patterns of regular, irregular, and circular moves. Different perceptions and legal frameworks point to different implications for Turkey and its Diaspora.
Book review
Authors: Girma Hewan
Published: December 2018

Katharine M. Donato and Donna Gabaccia (2015). Gender and International Migration: From the Slavery Era to the Global Age. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.  254 Pages (paperback). (ISBN 978-0-87154-546-6)Written from the perspective of a historian and a sociologist/demographer, this book dispels the idea of the ‘feminization of migration’ that has recently taken credence in international migration studies. The feminization of migration, defined as the rise in the proportion of women in the migration flow, is generally linked to popular alarm linking it to exploitation, trafficking, the sex industry and the like. In this work, Donato and Gabaccia argue that the migration of women is not a new phenomenon, but rather, women have been a significant part of international migration flows, both free and coerced, for more than four centuries (1600-2000).
Learning by sharing and integration of second-generation: the Italian case
Authors: Ricucci Roberta
Published: December 2018

The aim of the paper is to show how - apart from rhetoric about interculturalism and good integration practices - today's second generations in Italy are still facing stereotypes or outright discrimination. Comparison with historical minorities and with internal migration has left little trace in the memory of many Italians of knowledge of, and ability to manage, relations with otherness in the daily practices of many institutions (from schools to social-health services). It is a situation of “suspension of memory” delaying or negatively influencing insertion processes: in other words, the assumption that people learn from history and successfully repeat today policies which have been implemented in the past is contradicted in everyday practice. And second generations are the living proof of this lack of knowledge transfer. The academic, socialisation and identity problems facing the children of immigration today could have been reduced if teachers, educators and social workers had benefitted from experience of the past.
Roma migration in the EU: the case of Spain between ‘new’ and ‘old’ minorities
Authors: Magazzini Tina , Piemontese Stefano
Published: December 2018

The 2004 and 2007 EU Eastern enlargements facilitated the mobility of citizens from CEE countries, including European citizens of Roma ethnicity, which in turn contributed to the Europeanization of the ‘Roma issue’. This article examines the politics of Roma ethnicity by giving a synthetic, yet we hope comprehensive, overview of how recent Roma migrations from EU Member States (particularly from Romania) to the Spanish state can be understood and analysed in relation to both pre-existing policies for the Spanish Gitano communities and to wider European dynamics and structures.
With or without you: integrating migrants into the minority protection regime in hungary
Authors: Dobos Balazs
Published: December 2018

In recent years, two crucial tendencies – the growing out-migration of the population to Western European countries and the continuous and increasing influx of immigrants and refugees to Hungary, a Schengen-zone country – have placed the issue of migration firmly on the Hungarian political agenda. However, little attention has been directed toward to the impact of migration processes on the composition of the thirteen officially recognized minorities. In addition to examining these issues, the present paper aims to evaluate how the most affected ‘old’ communities and official policies have tackled and responded to the challenges to the minority protection regime presented by the emergence of ‘new’ groups.
Whither US Immigration?
Authors: Martin Philip L.
Published: December 2018

The US is the nation of immigration, with almost 20 percent of the world’s international migrants and half of the unauthorized migrants in industrial countries. Debates over the best package of enforcement, legalization, and guest workers to deal with illegal migration continue to divide Americans and Congress. These differences were sharpened in the run-up to elections in November 2016.
Book Reviews
Authors: Letters Migration
Published: December 2018

Books received:Controlling Immigration, a Global Perspective. Edited by James F. Hollifield, Philip L. Martin, Pia M. Orrenius, Stanford, California: Stanfard University Press (ISBN: 978-08047-86270).Lives in Limbo, Undocumented and Coming of Age in America. Roberto G. Gonzales. Oakland, Califronia: University of California Press (2016, ISBN: 978-0-520-287266)Strangers No More. Richard Alba and Nancy Foner. New Jersey: Princeton University Press (2015, ISBN: 978-0691-161075).Handbook of Chinese Migration Identity and Wellbeing. Edited by Robyn R. Iredale and Fei Guo, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar (2015, ISBN: 978-1-78347-6633).After the Crisis. Edited by James G. Carrier, London: Routledge (2016, ISBN: 978-1-138-100855).Eating Soup without A Spoon. Jeffrey H. Cohen. Austin: University of Texas Press (2015, ISBN: 978-1-4773-0782-3).Culture, Language and Globalization among the Moldavian Csángós Today. Edited by Magdolna Kovács, Petteri Laihonen & Hanna SnellmanHelsinki: Uralica Helsingiensia (2015, ISBN: 978-952-5667-68-4).Turkish Migration, Identity and Integration. Edited by Ibrahim Sirkeci, Betul Dilara Seker, Ali Caglar, London: Transnational Press London (2015, ISBN: 978-1-91078112-8).Dreams and Nightmares, Immigration Policy, Youth and Families. Marjorie S. Zatz and Nancy Rodriguez. Oakland, Califronia: University of California Press (2015, ISBN: 978-0-520-283060)Overeducated and Over Here: Skilled EU Migrants in Britain. Bradley Saunders. London: Transnational Press London (2015, ISBN: 978-1-910781-10-4).Chinese Migration in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Silk Road Traditions and New Opportunities for Cooperation. Elena Y. Sadovskaya. Almaty: Raritet. (2014, paperback, in Russian).The Price of Rights: Regulating International Labor Migration. Martin Ruhs, New Jersey; Princeton University Press (ISBN: 9780691132914).
Editorial: The Migration Conference and 13 years of Migration Letters
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim , Martin Philip L.
Published: December 2018

Questions concerning migration and refugees made the headlines around the world in recent years amid wars in many locations coinciding with economic crises and slow down. Migration as a subject and migration studies as a field are ever more popular, and Migration Letters supported the 4th Turkish Migration Conference (http://turkishmigration.com), which attracted about 400 participants to the University of Vienna. Some 350 papers were presented in plenary and parallel sessions over four days from 12 to 15 July 2016. In summer 2016, Europeans debated how to reduce the influx of unwanted foreigners and integrate those who are settling, the US presidential campaign featured candidate Donald Trump calling for a wall on the Mexico-US border and the deportation of 11 million unauthorized foreigners, and the British voted 52-48 percent to leave the EU because of “too much” intra-EU migration.
Hybridity and Agency: Some Theoretical and Empirical Observations
Authors: Bauhn Per , Tepe Fatma Fulya
Published: December 2018

In this article, Homi Bhabha’s concept of hybridity is being discussed from the point of view of its impact on persons’ capacity for agency. Bhabha emphasized the emancipating and anti-authoritarian potentials of hybridity. In this paper it is argued that this positive evaluation does not hold for all cases of hybridity. It is also argued that the value of hybridity will depend on whether it expands or diminishes persons’ capacity for agency. A limited empirical study of Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands will illustrate this hypothesis.
Earnings disadvantage of immigrants: are we comparing apples to apples?
Authors: Gill Fahad
Published: December 2018

The substantial increase in the proportion of immigrants in the US population has attracted considerable research interest in their labor market outcomes, in particular, their relative wages. Most studies in this area, however, do not account for the fact that immigrants have unobservable characteristics that are different from those of natives and that are related to their decision to migrate to a new country. These characteristics, if not controlled for, may result in inaccurate estimates of the earnings disadvantage associated with immigrant status. This study attempts to account for unobservable characteristics associated with migration by comparing immigrants with native migrants. The results suggest that previous studies that used all natives as a comparison group may have provided a lower bound of the wage disadvantage faced by immigrants.
Internal migration in Italy. Long-run analysis of push and pull factors across regions and macro-areas of the country.
Authors: Romano Piras
Published: December 2018

The great majority of empirical studies on internal migration across Italian regions either ignores the long-run perspective of the phenomenon or do not consider push and pull factors separately. In addition, Centre-North to South flows, intra-South and intra-Centre-North migration have not been studied. We aim to fill this gap and tackle interregional migration flows from different geographical perspectives. We apply four panel data estimators with different statistical assumptions and show that long-run migration flows from the Mezzogiorno towards Centre-Northern regions are well explained by a gravity model in which per capita GDP, unemployment and population play a major role. On the contrary, migration flows from Centre-North to South has probably much to do with other social and demographic factors. Finally, intra Centre-North and intra South migration flows roughly obey to the gravity model, though not all explicative variables are relevant.
Determinants of illegal migration from North Africa to Southern Europe
Authors: Abdel-karim Amany Hassan
Published: December 2018

This study focuses on determining the effects of demographic, socioeconomic and migration network factors on illegal migration from North Africa to Southern Europe using logistic regression model. The results indicated that migrants who thought it is easier to find a job in destination countries, had job before migration, had high level of financial situation before migration and had high level of education were more likely to migrate legally. However, migrants who had children before migration and migrated with others were more likely to migrate illegally. These findings can be useful for migration legislations in both sending and receiving countries.
Transnational migrant families: navigating marriage, generation and gender in multiple spheres
Authors: Al-Sharmani Mulki , Tiilikainen Marja , Mustasaari Sanna
Published: December 2018

This special issue seeks to enrich readers’ understandings of the transnational family practices and relations of selected migrant groups of a predominantly Muslim background in a number of Western contexts. It presents theoretically and empirically grounded studies that investigate how these family practices and ties are transnationally shaped, navigated and experienced by different family members. It focuses on two aspects of family life: marriage and the second generation’s aspirations and transnational experiences. Under the first theme, this special issue examines how marriage, migration and kinship interplay in transnationally shaped social fields where multiple legal and normative systems intersect in the lives of migrants. With regards to the second theme, the issue investigates how the children of migrants navigate and experience transnational family norms, ties and practices. Throughout the issue, individual articles shed light on the gendered dimensions of the different family practices and experiences.
Marriage conclusion in Belgian Muslim families: Navigating transnational social spaces of normativity
Authors: Lecoyer Kim
Published: December 2018

This article examines multiple normative frameworks that shape rules and expectations for marriage conclusion among Muslim families in Belgium and highlights how women in particular understand, use and resist these norms. Among these normative frameworks, particular attention is given to the study of Islamic normative discourses, which frequently originate in a transnational public space of Islamic norms and reference, but are at the same time locally situated in daily practices and local discourses. The article is based on fieldwork conducted in Belgium with different religious actors on the one hand, and interviews and focus groups with, mainly female, members of Belgian Muslim families on the other hand. The data stems from a broader research on non-state family practices and dispute resolution among Muslim families of migrant origin living in Belgium.
Transnationalism, social capital and gender – young Pakistani Muslim women in Bradford, UK
Authors: Sanghera Gurchathen S , Thapar-Bjorkert Suruchi
Published: December 2018

This article considers the relationship between transnationalism and social capital amongst young Pakistani Muslim women in Bradford, West Yorkshire. The central aim of the article is to explore how second generation Pakistani Muslim women accrue faith based social capital to negotiate and resist transnational gendered expectations, norms and practices. In particular, they use faith-based social capital that is transnationally informed: to challenge the patriarchal expectations and norms of their families; to gain access to higher/further education and thereby improve their life opportunities; and to resist growing anti-Muslim sentiment. This paper draws on qualitative research (in-depth interviews) conducted in Bradford
A new era for labour migration in the GCC?
Authors: Martin Philip L. , Malit Froilan
Published: December 2018

The six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), are among the most dependent on foreign workers to fill private-sector jobs. A combination of lower oil prices and rapid native labour force growth has given new impetus to efforts to diversify GCC economies away from oil and encourage natives to fill private sector jobs. This article summarizes the current status of foreigners and foreign workers in GCC countries and considers several scenarios, including maintaining the status quo, improving protections for foreign workers in countries of destination (CODs) and countries of origin (COOs), and changing the current migration system to employ fewer and more skilled workers.
Multi-professional work practices in the field of immigrant integration – examples of collaboration between the police and social work
Authors: Vanhanen Sari , Heikkilä Elli
Published: December 2018

Development of the professional competences and work practices are required when promoting successful immigrant integration in a constantly diversifying society. One work method applied in this field is multi-professional collaboration. Cooperation between the authorities at the local level reduces the overlap between services and brings together expertise and resources, resulting in not only added value but also more proactive and less costly service.  Thus, collaboration can involve actors from various sectors, like NGOs or ethnic minority communities. In this article examples of collaboration in two different multi-ethnic contexts are introduced: first, in school and second, in a suburb. The focus here is especially on the joint work practices of the police and social work besides the other actors in these two surroundings. Despite the differences in their work orientation, mutual aims and practices are found. Collaboration between the police and social work is valued not just in facing problematic situations, but also in emerging environments where the host society and immigrants can exchange their views and expand common strategies for an active interaction and coexistence.
Can international migration forecasting be improved? The case of Australia
Authors: Wilson Tom
Published: December 2018

In the first decade of the current century Australia experienced a huge increase in net international (overseas) migration. All demographic forecasts failed to predict this change. The aim of this paper is to assess past net overseas migration forecasts for Australia to quantify the extent of the forecasting challenge, and suggest ways in which improvements might be made. Official net overseas migration forecasts for the past four decades were assessed against subsequently published migration estimates. Mostly they proved highly inaccurate, both for individual years and cumulatively over longer periods. It is suggested that: (1) greater use be made of a detailed migration data source which provides migration estimates by visa/citizenship category, and (2) a combined migration forecasting approach, which draws strength from several complementary methods, is developed. Progress in these two areas offers the potential to improve the accuracy and utility of Australia’s overseas migration forecasts.
Editorial
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

In this regular last issue of the 14th volume, we begin with Cooke and Shuttleworth discussing the ways in which internet and migration might be connected with a focus on migration in the US. The second article by Yotebieng aims to set an agenda for understanding the entanglement of forced migration to urban areas and policy and practice potentials around urban refugee health. Nzima and Moyo in the third article elaborate a new construct they call “diaspora trap”. Ahmed in the fourth article discusses the necessity of interdisciplinary approaches in studying migration while also making a case for insecurity and migration debate. The fifth article by Aragonés Castañer and Salgado Nieto looks into the effects of climate change on rural populations and the circumstances under which some of them are forced to abandon their communities becoming part of international migratory flows. They found that the migration is the result of adverse economic-climatic conditions, because the poorest populations, which usually depend directly on natural resources, are the most vulnerable to climate shocks and the only way to overcome their vulnerability, has been international migration. The final article is our review of citations in migration studies.
Health, well-being, and urban refugees: an agenda paper
Authors: Yotebieng Kelly Ann
Published: December 2018

Health and well-being have been historically uncommon areas of focus in studies of forced migration within the social sciences, where the focus has more often been focused broadly on identity, liminality, and social suffering. Urban refugees have also been largely excluded from the narrative. Yet, urban refugees represent the majority of the world’s refugees, which means we are effectively excluding the majority of the refugee experience from our research. Health is often a central marker of inequality and marginalization. Understanding the entanglement of forced migration to urban areas and health bears enormous potential for policy and practice. This paper will outline what we know, and set an agenda for the study of urban refugee health.
Climate change and migration in the rural sector of northern Mexico (Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí)
Authors: Aragonés Castañer Ana María , Salgado Nieto Uberto
Published: December 2018

In this paper we study the effects of climate change on rural populations and the circumstances under which some of them are forced to abandon their communities becoming part of international migratory flows. In our study we claim that climate change is a new factor that leads the population to abandon their regions in order to overcome their vulnerability. In our opinion the lack of measures implemented by the State has serious consequences provoking an enormous vulnerability forcing the populations to emigrate. We study two locations in Mexico, San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas, analyzing the peasants’ situation working under temporary agricultural production. Using a complementary log-log estimator we found that the migration is the result of adverse economic-climatic conditions, because the poorest populations, which usually depend directly on natural resources, are the most vulnerable to climate shocks and the only way to overcome their vulnerability, has been international migration.
Towards a Migration Letters Index: the most influential works and authors in Migration Studies
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim , Cohen Jeffrey H. , Přívara Andrej
Published: December 2018

In this review paper, we refresh and update our earlier ranking list based on citations in the field of migration studies. The results are categorised and presented separately for the books and reports, articles and book chapters and for authors of these works. In this latest elaboration, we have presented the updated version of the most linfluential works of all times list, but we have focused on the five years period from 2011 to 2016. 2011 is taken as a starting year and 2012 to 2016 covers the last five years. The resulting ranking lists from now on are to be presented for five year periods to be in line with most impact factor calculations available. Using the Google Scholar citation database and Ann Harzing ranking software, we have created ranking lists of the most cited articles, books and authors in migration studies.
Temporarily protected Syrians’ access to the healthcare system in Turkey: Changing policies and remaining challenges
Authors: Bilecen Basak , Yurtseven Dilara
Published: December 2018

The recent increase in the migratory flows of Syrian asylum-seekers has drawn attention to the causes and, more fundamentally, to the consequences of such mobility patterns in both the European Union and in Turkey. In this paper we explore the healthcare system in Turkey and, particularly, Syrians’ access to healthcare services. Bringing together the literature on healthcare and on mobility from conflict zones, this paper advances our understanding of the challenges in access to healthcare facilities faced by a vulnerable population – namely displaced persons from Syria living in Turkey. Based on an analysis of secondary literature and social policies, we observe three main challenges faced by Syrians in Turkey in accessing healthcare services: registration procedure, navigation of the system and language barriers.
Exploring the ‘Third Coast’ and ‘Second City’: Background and research on African migration in the Midwestern U.S. and Greater Chicago Metropolitan Area
Authors: Taber C. Kevin
Published: December 2018

Sub-Saharan African migration to the U.S. is rapidly yet quietly growing, and the Midwestern/Great Lakes region of the country (its “Third Coast”) is becoming an increasingly important destination.  In particular, the so-called “Second City” of Chicago – the regional epicenter and third largest U.S. city – is in need of social scientific research addressing the unique trajectories and experiences of its expanding African populations.  This paper provides a background for these dynamics by drawing from primary and secondary data on Midwestern African migrant communities’ organizing and activities as observed through interviews and fieldwork among more than fifty African migrant organizations in the Midwestern U.S. and Greater Chicago Metropolitan Area.  It will outline the evolution and distribution of African migration in the Chicago area and provide a brief overview of African resources, organizations, and other institutions and establishments as they seek to bring together and represent the burgeoning African community within and beyond the city.
Violent Crime and Immigrant Removals: Reasons and Determinants of Immigrant Deportations, 1908-1986
Authors: King Ryan D. , Obinna Denise
Published: December 2018

This research describes and explains changes in non-citizen deportations from the United States between 1908 and 1986. Using data from historical immigration yearbooks, we first document and quantify the primary reasons given for removing immigrants from U.S. soil. A key finding is that perceived dispositional defects and threatening behavior (e.g., criminal behavior, mental or physical defects) accounted for a large proportion of deportations in the early 20th century, but these gave way to administrative rationales (e.g., improper documentation) as immigration law and the enforcement bureaucracy expanded. Results of time-series analyses further suggest that the homicide rate is correlated with deportations for administrative reasons and with deportations based on perceived dispositional defects and threatening behavior. Implications and relevance for understanding current immigration debates are discussed.
Recent Shifts in the Volume, Nature, and Scope of State Immigration Policies in the United States
Authors: Pierotte Lisa Marie , Xie Min , Baumer Eric
Published: December 2018

We conducted a comprehensive categorization of state-level immigration policies from 2005–2014 and described for this period the nature of growth in state-level legislative activity, the ideological directions of the policies pursued, the breadth of topic areas covered, and the influences of states’ geographical location, political party orientation, and historical experiences with immigration.  Our assessment shows that while all states actively participated in this area of policy expansion, there also is substantial state-level variation in the underlying principles of implementation.  Furthermore, past and current experiences with immigration and political party control of state legislatures, rather than proximity to the U.S. border, shaped the respective policy agendas adopted by states.
Emerging Patterns of migration streams in India: A State Level Analysis of 2011 Census
Authors: Ansary Rabiul
Published: December 2018

This article discusses changing patterns of migration in India using the data from the 2011 Census. In this study, the statistical (growth rate, percentage distribution) and cartographic methods have been used to analyse and map the changing patterns of migration across the states in India. It is found that in India, 37.5 percent of the population experienced spatial mobility in the 2011 Census which is higher than that of the 2001 Census (30.8 percent). The volume of migrants in the intercensal period (2001 to 2011) increased from 98.3 million to 161.4 million, an increase of over 64 percent. Overall, migration is more likely among the rural populations compared to the urban. However, substantial increase in the volume of urban-urban movements (14 million in 2001 to around 33 million in 2011) is the focus of the current study along with the rural-urban flows. For the first time in Indian Census history, the volume of urban-urban migration overtook the rural-urban migration volume in the last intercensal period. Creation of additional 2700 new Census Towns in the 2011 Census may be the real driving force for this staggering increase
Reporting Violence Against Children: Social Norms in Nyarugusu Refugees Camp
Authors: Fletcher Erin K , Gitter Seth R , Wilhelm Savannah
Published: December 2018

There is substantial evidence to show that the two million children living in refugee camps are vulnerable to violence, although little is known about under what circumstances children will report that violence, complicating efforts to reduce vulnerabilities. We presented 300 children in a Tanzanian refugee camp (Nyarugusu) with hypothetical vignettes regarding a victim’s response to violence. Vignette characteristics were randomized (e.g. victim, perpetrator, and location) in order to test what factors influenced reporting. Respondents believe the victim was more likely to report violence at school or adolescent perpetrators. Surprisingly, we find no substantial difference based on victim or respondent’s gender.
Four voices of refugee solidarity along the Balkan Route: An exploratory pilot study on motivations for mobilisation
Authors: Parent Nicolas
Published: December 2018

Scathing critiques of the European response to what has been widely called a ‘refugee crisis’ are not in short supply. However, as many activist mobilisations and solidarities emerged along the Balkan Route, this is only one facet of the European response to forced migration. Having interviewed four migration activists from four countries along this route – Greece, Macedonia, Serbia and Hungary – this exploratory pilot study sought to investigate possible motivational factors for mobilisation in light of the fact that the participants had no prior experience in activism nor interest in the politics of migration prior to the European migration crisis. Through content analysis of interview transcripts, two factors emerged as having potential implications for mobilisation: media coverage and visibility of refugees. Hence, theories about the media effect and intergroup contact are used to explicate the findings. Possible future research avenues are proposed.
Selecting the highly skilled: norms and practices of the Swiss admission system for non-EU immigrants
Authors: Hercog Metka , Sandoz Laure
Published: December 2018

This article problematizes the concept of highly skilled migrants through an analysis of policy documents and interviews with key informants involved in the admission process in Switzerland. Current political discourse classifies foreigners differently according to their country of origin and skill level. Existing legislation prioritizes immigrants from the European Economic Area and is very restrictive towards third-country nationals. By examining the implementation of the admission policy for labour migration, this article evaluates which criteria matter most to state authorities when determining if someone is a desirable immigrant. Despite its stress on qualifications and economic interest, the admission process for third-country workers was also found to fulfil non-economic objectives such as providing the impression of state control over immigration and of state protection of local populations from migrants. Building on this observation, the article argues that more in-depth studies are required to better understand how states reconcile the different objectives of immigration governance in practice.
The First Vietnamese to Attend Harvard
Authors: Norlund Chris
Published: December 2018

This article tells the story of the first Vietnamese, Ngo Vinh Long, to attend Harvard as an undergraduate student in 1964. Long taught himself English by reading novels he purchased at an outdoor market translating them with an English-French dictionary. After coming to the states, he became one of the few Vietnamese to speak out against the war while residing in theU.S.
Immigration Policy in the European Union: Still bringing up the walls for fortress Europe?
Authors: Bendel Petra
Published: December 2018

Immigration and asylum policies in the European Union have entered into a new period. The author sums up the most important achievements and failures of the EU's efforts to create a common European asylum and immigration system, and she evaluates the new Hague Programme of the European Council (November 2004) in the light of the hitherto existing policies. She concludes that the European Council's new programme lags behind the more promising guidelines of its predecessor of Tampere.
Residential Segregation and Socio-economic Integration of Visible minorities in Canada
Authors: Balakrishnan T. R. , Maxim Paul , Jurdi Rozzet
Published: December 2018

Using the 2001 Census of Canada, this paper examines whether spatial residential patterns relate to an ethnic group’s socioeconomic achievement within urban Canada. Most literature suggests that ethnic clustering is primarily a consequence of systematic discrimination or poor socioeconomic resources. Our basic question is whether the relationship between residential segregation and social integration is weakening, thus making the spatial assimilation model less relevant than in the past. The results suggest the assimilation model provides a poor explanation in the Canadian context. Residential segregation persists over time although considerable variation exists among the CMAs.
Religion and Identity: Families of Ital-ian Origin in the Nottingham Area, UK
Authors: Ganga Deianira
Published: December 2018

Religion can represent a very significant element among the ones contributing to the construction of ethnic/cultural identity of families from an immigrant background. This is even more relevant when ‘institutionalised’ religion, in the form of a religious Mission, becomes the main channel for the socialisation and intergenerational identity transmission among families of immigrant origin. The article focuses on the role of the Catholic Mission for families of Italian origin living in the Nottingham area, UK.
Book Reviews
Authors: Tanni Katri , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

The Long, Slow Death of White Australia by Tavan, Gwenda (2005) Scribe Publications, Melbourne, 298p. (ISBN 1 920760 46 3.)Displacement Risks in Africa Itaru Ohta and Yntiso D. Gebre (eds.) (2005) Kyoto: Kyoto University Press and Melbourne: Trans Pa-cific Press, 394p. (ISBN 1-920901-09-4)Controlling Illegal Immigration: A Global Per-spective Cornelius, Wayne A., Takeyuki Tsuda, Philip L. Martin, and James F. Hollifield (Eds). (2004) Second Edition Stanford Univer-sity Press, Stanford, California, USA, 560 pp. (ISBN 0804744904) International Migration in Sotheast Asia Ananta, Aris & Arifin, Evi Nurvidya (Eds.) (2004) Singapore: ISEAS (ISBN 981-230-279-4) The Culture of Migration in Southern Mexico Jeffrey H. Cohen (2004) University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, USA, 207 p. (ISBN: 0-292-70592-1)