bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the effect of light intensity on consumer loyalty in shopping using linear regression
Authors: I Ketut Perdana Putra  , I Gede Bawa Susana
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effect of light intensity on shopping satisfaction in retail outlets using linear regression analysis. Light intensity was measured in the range of 900-904 lux, and data were collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale from 150 respondents. The level of customer shopping satisfaction was recorded at 92%. Linear regression analysis showed that light intensity has a significant positive effect on shopping satisfaction, with a regression coefficient of 0.07. The significance test showed that the relationship between light intensity and shopping satisfaction is not just a coincidence but has a real impact on the customer shopping experience. Increasing the light intensity inside a retail outlet significantly affects customer shopping satisfaction. Proper lighting settings, in the range of 900 to 904 lux, can improve the shopping experience and customer satisfaction. Therefore, optimal lighting design is an important factor in improving customer satisfaction in retail outlets.
Formulasi Gummy Candy Dari Getah Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Pektin
Authors: K Kurniawan , Abdillah Rasyid Hanifa , Fitrian Ahyana
Published: December 2024

Pepaya mengandung enzim papain yang berfungsi sebagai enzim proteolitik yang bekerja dengan cara memecah jaringan ikat. Enzim papain relatif banyak pada getah pepaya yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif antelmintik herbal yang diformulasikan dalam bentuk nutrasetikal misalnya gummy candy. Pemilihan gelling agent  perlu diberi perhatian khusus pada formulasi gummy candy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik formulasi gummy candy dari getah buah papaya dan mengetahui aktivitas proteolitik dalam sediaan gummy candy. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan membuat sediaan gummy candy. Pada penelitian gelling agent ini  yang dipakai yaitu pektin. Variasi konsentrasi pektin yang digunakan adalah 0.5%, 1.5% dan 2.5%. Uji karakteristik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji keseragaman bobot, uji kadar air dan uji abu. Aktivitas proteolitik dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan metode anson yang menggunakan kasein sebagi substrat. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan sediaan memiliki karakteristik berwarna hijau, bertekstur kenyal, memiliki rasa manis dan berbau melon. Hasil pengujian pH antara 6.2-6.7, bobot sediaan antara 1-1.37%, kadar air antara 14.61%-19.83%, kadar abu antara 0.9%-1.02% dan aktivitas proteolitik dalam sediaan gummy candy antara 0.171014 U/ml - 0.620473 U/ml.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi Etil Asetat Buah Kemukus (Piper cubeba L.) Menggunakan Metode ABTS serta Penetapan Kadar Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total
Authors: Anwar Khoirul
Published: December 2024

Buah kemukus (Piper cubeba L.) diketahui mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid total yang dapat berperan sebagai antioksidan dan dapat menangkal radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan fraksi etil asetat ekstrak etanol buah kemukus menggunakan metode ABTS serta penetapan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total. Fraksi etil asetat ekstrak etanol buah kemukus dengan konsentrasi (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, dan 90 µg/mL) diuji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode ABTS dengan pembanding Trolox konsentrasi (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30 µg/mL) dan diukur menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 730 nm. Penetapan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total menggunakan pereaksi folin-ciocalteu dan AlCl3 dengan pembanding asam galat konsentrasi (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, dan 300 µg/mL) dan kuersetin konsentrasi (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, dan 12 µg/mL), kemudian diukur menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 743 nm dan 430 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat ekstrak etanol buah kemukus (Piper cubeba L.) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 50,359 ± 0,104 µg/mL menggunakan pembanding trolox dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 19,654 ± 0,18 µg/mL. Penetapan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total diperoleh sebesar 32,57± 0,47 mg GAE/gram fraksi dan 5,283 ± 0,04 mgQE/gram fraksi. Aktivitas antioksidan fraksi etil asetat ekstrak etanol buah kemukus (Piper cubeba L.) dikategorikan sebagai antioksidan kuat.
Kepatuhan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Roda Dua di UPPD SAMSAT MARTAPURA dari Sudut Pandang Pengetahuan Pajak serta Persepsi Moral dan Sanksi Pajak
Authors: Widyasari Permata Ayu , Wijaya Yossinda Anwar Nata
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh pengetahuan pajak, moral wajib pajak, dan sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor, khususnya kendaraan roda dua yang ada di UPPD SAMSAT Martapura. Penelitian berkontribusi pada originalitas dan perbedaan pada pengukuran pengetahuan pajak, karena peneliti membuat 20 soal pilihan ganda untuk mengukur kepatuhan wajib pajak. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner kepada wajib pajak kendaraan roda dua yang melakukan pembayaran di UPPD SAMSAT Martapura. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 400 responden yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis regresi berganda. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa pengetahuan pajak tidak berpengaruh, sedangkan moral wajib pajak dan sanksi pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor roda dua di UPPD SAMSAT Martapura
Implementasi Penggunaan Aplikasi My Like di Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Warnita  , Takdir Muhammad , Mursak
Published: December 2024

The My Like application is an application designed to manage human resources quickly, efficiently and effectively. In application development, government employees and agencies can access various important information through an application that simplifies the process of managing administrative services by providing alternative solutions that are sent or managed via accounts created quickly, using administrative service technology, this research uses qualitative methods to explain the implementation of the mylike application in Bone district. Qualitative methods are methods that focus on in-depth observations and produce more comprehensive studies. Data collection techniques in this research use library research. The data source for this research is the website, the My Like Bone application is able to improve employee performance and provide accurate information and knowledge that employees need. Based on the results of the analysis with the availability of the My Like Bone application, ASN employees will be increasingly advanced in using increasingly advanced technology, and will simplify all aspects of city and regional management and improve human resource development.
Inovasi Pelayanan Publik Bupati Ngantor Di Desa (BUNG DESA) Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara
Authors: Sigiro Benny , Setiadi
Published: December 2024

Difficult road access and long travel distances in several areas of Labuhanbatu Utara Regency have become the main obstacles for the community in obtaining public services. In response to this issue, the Head of the Labuhanbatu Utara District launched an integrated service innovation through the "Bupati Ngantor di Desa" program. (Bung Desa). This program focuses on providing public services in one location for one day to improve community accessibility to government services. This article aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Bung Desa program as an innovation in improving the quality of public services in Labuhan Batu Utara Regency. This research uses a literature study method that includes searching for scientific references through Google Scholar and news sources related to the Bung Desa program. Relevant articles are classified based on publication year, keywords, and journal content, while news is categorized according to source, relevance, and publication time. The research results show that the Bung Desa program adopts the principles of New Public Management (NPM) and has had a positive impact. This innovation not only improves service accessibility even to remote villages but also encourages community participation in development. The success of this program is influenced by several factors, such as the awareness and capability of the apparatus, implementation regulations, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure. However, improving road infrastructure remains a priority to support smooth accessibility. In addition, the publication of schedules and activities of the Bung Desa program through official media, such as the local government website, needs to be improved to expand the reach of information to the public
Inculcation of Pancasila Ideological Values in Preventing Ideologically Motivated Criminal Acts of Terrorism
Authors: Budhiawan Adlin , Lubis Syaddan Dintara
Published: December 2024

Instilling the ideological value of Pancasila to everyone has an inseparable importance in the life of the state. Pancasila is a value system that is extracted from the noble values of the Indonesian nation. These values have existed long before Indonesia's independence. It's just that now people's understanding of the ideological values of Pancasila is getting weaker in the life of the nation and state, this can be seen from the increasing issues of radicalism and terrorism that threaten the integrity of the state. The meaning of terrorism in Law Number 5 of 2018 is explicitly described that there is a motive/reason/cause of terrorism caused by the ideological motive behind the act of terrorism. Terrorism is implicitly described that there is a role of ideology as a motive for criminal acts of terrorism that cannot be underestimated. This paper tries to apply the approach in two analyses related to the problem under study. First, it tries to identify the extent to which Pancasila ideology has been instilled and reacted to the prevention of ideologically motivated terrorism crimes. Second, it tries to identify the extent to which the values of Pancasila ideology have been applied in the face of terrorism. The results found are the factors that cause the occurrence of ideologically motivated acts of terrorism in Indonesia due to the inability of a person to understand and apply the values of Pancasila ideology, especially the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd precepts comprehensively in life. The tendency to "deify" other ideologies such as religious radicalism and misunderstanding of these ideologies, actually leads to thoughts and acts of terror that justify all means to achieve their goals.
Dynamics of Polygamy: An Attempt to Find Common Ground from the Perspective of Maqasid Sharia and Human Rights
Authors: Br Ginting Elvira Dewi , Iwan Iwan
Published: December 2024

This study aims to find the intersection between maqashid sharia and human rights in the practice of polygamy. Polygamy, or marriage with more than one partner at the same time, is an Islamic teaching that, in light of Maqashid al-Syariah, is permissible as long as it brings benefits, but on the other hand, human rights activists consider polygamy as a form of violation of human rights. This study uses a qualitative approach by analyzing religious texts, laws, and other sources to understand how Maqashid Shariah can be applied in the context of polygamy. The results show that, while polygamy may be permissible in certain contexts, its practice must be aligned with the objectives of Maqashid Sharia, namely creating justice, welfare, and happiness for all parties involved. From a human rights perspective, there is no single article that discusses polygamy, but as seen from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, although Article 16 is interpreted as not allowing polygamy; Article 18 allows polygamy but with strict conditions, namely being fair or adjusted to the rules of each religion. This research provides new insights into how Islamic principles can be used to guide the practice of polygamy and emphasizes the importance of considering social needs so that it does not conflict with human rights.
Reconciling Conflicting Norms: Addressing Patentability Challenges in Indonesia's Virtual Workspaces
Authors: Sudirman Lu , Disemadi Hari Sutra
Published: December 2024

This research is done to analyze the nature of virtual workspace, which is increasingly becoming an important part of tech development around the world. Analysis is done to uncover the IPR elements of virtual workspaces and how these elements affect the patentability of virtual workspaces. Through the normative legal research method. Analysis of this research finds that the Indonesian Patent Law grossly undermines the capability and the importance of computer programming, through various normative restrictions. Instead, the Indonesian legal framework presents the Copyrights Law as the viable option, which in essence was made to protect creations that don’t necessarily involve problem solving, unlike the Patent Law. This finding is important as it fills the research gap on the analysis of virtual workspace not just as a cybersecurity topic but also as a possible patent, particularly in Indonesia’s intellectual property rights (IPR) legal framework.
The Legal Validity of the Civil Servant Appointment Decree as Collateral in a Credit Agreement
Authors: Carolin Yohana Veronica , Salam Abdul
Published: December 2024

All A Decree on the Appointment of Civil Servants is a decree regarding the appointment of Civil Servants issued by a Civil Service Supervisory Officer who has special privileges in the field of civil law. Banks provide credit services to the public whose implementation requires collateral. The approach method that will be used in this research is the normative juridical approach method. This Civil Servant Decree is not part of a securities, because the owner has special privileges which contain legal certainty that the civil servant will receive a fixed salary. Banks as credit providers at this time need to apply appropriate analysis in providing credit to civil servants and the civil servant's decision letter is used as collateral, where later the loan given will be adjusted to the civil servant's salary and the time period determined by the parties. The research results show that the PNS Decree has permanent legal force because it is in the form of a valid decision but cannot be traded, the PNS Decree has economic value in the form of a guarantee of legal certainty that civil servants will receive a definite salary every month. The bank can also ask for liability by default where the bank can ask for compensation, cancellation of the agreement, and fulfillment of achievements plus interest for existing losses. Banks need to apply the principle of prudence in providing credit to their customers. The good faith of customers in paying off their credit if they are no longer civil servants is an important point in this accountability.
The Malpractice Administration Procedure in the Vortex of Crime: An Indonesian Perspective and Its Comparison with Other Countries
Authors: Nuraeni Yeni , Sihombing Alfies Sihombing
Published: December 2024

Medical malpractice has become a complex issue that extends to criminal law, having serious implications for health practitioners and patients. The legal argument in determining the elements of negligence and medical malpractice is based on the difference in interpretation between ordinary criminal offenses regulated in the KUHP and medical criminal offenses. Th e aim of this study is to explain the theory and legal analysis related to the handling of medical malpractice cases in Indonesia and its comparison with other countries. This research uses normative juridic methods. The outcome of this study is the need for reforms in handling alleged medical malpractice cases in Indonesia by considering the paradigms and concepts of other countries to protect patient rights and improve the quality of health services in reducing the risk of malpractice in Indonesia.
The Strategic Role of Fatwa DSN-MUI in the Development of Islamic Banking in Indonesia: An Analysis of Banking Regulations and Products Based on the Provisions of Islamic Law
Authors: Zikra Alfiandi , Nasution Muhammad Syukri Albani , Siregar Ramadhan Syahmedi
Published: December 2024

This journal discusses the role of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and the birth of Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) as the first step in the establishment of Islamic banks in Indonesia. Bank Muamalat became a pioneer, followed by other Islamic banks. The focus is on the DSN-MUI fatwa which has a strategic role in shaping Islamic banking regulations and products, especially related to the collection and distribution of funds. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with secondary data from related journals and books. The DSN-MUI fatwa is an important guideline for Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia. The analysis reveals that DSN-MUI plays a central role in dealing with the problems of Islamic banking practices. The research presents the background of the birth of DSN-MUI, the method of fatwa determination, and various fatwa products covering banking products, capital markets, Islamic insurance, export/import, and others. There are 116 fatwas that help form the legal basis of Islamic banking in Indonesia. This study underlines the importance of synchronization between fatwa as theory and practice in the field, especially in the collection and distribution of Islamic banking funds.
Independence of the General Election Commission and Election Supervisory Board for Democratic Elections
Authors: Syaidi Ridwan
Published: December 2024

The Constitution explicitly states that to achieve the national ideals and objectives, General Elections need to be held to elect members of the People's Representative Council, members of the Regional Representative Council, the President and Vice President, and to elect members of the Regional People's Representative Council, as a means of realizing the sovereignty of the people and producing representatives of the people and a democratic state government based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The organizers of elections, as regulated in Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, are stated to be the Election Commission, the Election Supervisory Body, and the Council of Election Organizer Honor as a unified function of Election Organization. Doubts about the independence of the general election commission continue to be questioned by parties who dislike the results obtained; political narratives and cheating issues are always attached to the general election commission. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the General Election Commission as the organizer of elections in creating a Just and Fair Election (Direct, Free, and Secret). And how the role of the Election Supervisory Board in carrying out Supervision and Implementation of laws. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, where data is based on survey results, document reviews, and observations. The results showed that the competence and independence of the General Election Organizers significantly influence the success of the election stages.
Legal Protection of Heirs in the Disbursement of Inheritance Assets (A Case Study of District Court Decision Number 218/Pdt.G/2021/PN.Dps)
Authors: Tumbel Cindy Valencya , Priadharsana I Made
Published: December 2024

Inheritance is said to occur when someone has died. Arrangements for the distribution of property belonging to someone who has died to his heirs in Indonesia are regulated in inheritance law. The regulation of inheritance law in Indonesia is regulated according to Islamic Law and the Civil Code. For a person who adheres to Islam, he follows the provisions of Islamic inheritance law and other than that, he follows the provisions of the Civil Code. The problem of inheritance disputes is something that has occurred in the community due to the problem of fighting over who is the heir, unfair inheritance shares, or disbursement of testamentary property that takes a long time. In this paper, the author will discuss an inheritance case where the bank as the depository of the inheritance from the testator does not want to give it to the heirs. It is hoped that this writing will provide new knowledge to readers regarding the inheritance disbursement procedure in Indonesia.
Analysis of North Bandung Area (KBU) Punclut Cidadap District, Bandung City Based on Land Management
Authors: Melianti Yohanna , Sukarsa Dadang Epi , Rubiati Betty
Published: December 2024

The Northern Bandung Area in Punclut, Cidadap District, from the 1960s to the 1980s, based on state land, certificates of land rights were issued without land consolidation. These certificates were then given to cultivators by the state, who subsequently engaged in buying and selling transactions. These transactions continued, resulting in the development of residential areas, cafes, restaurants, or commercial centers that do not comply with land use regulations. Land use policy is implemented for land parcels that have rights, whether registered or not, including state land and customary land according to applicable laws and regulations. The research method used is normative juridical, which relies on literature review dominated by secondary data, including primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The research findings indicate that decisions and policies have been made for the Northern Bandung Area, but they have not been optimally implemented in practice, leading to massive development in the area such as residential areas, cafes, restaurants, or commercial centers. However, land use is synonymous with land utilization, where urban land utilization should guarantee the community against pollution, thereby creating a healthy environment, both physically and spiritually. Continuous deviations from these principles will inevitably result in an unhealthy environment, both physically and spiritually.
Conflict of Interest by Director Which Also Act as Liquidator for Company Liquidation Process
Authors: Gaffar Arif
Published: December 2024

This article delves into the complexities surrounding conflicts of interest faced by directors involved in company liquidation processes. Furthermore, the article also examines the legal and ethical dimensions of such conflicts, considering the director's fiduciary duties and responsibilities to act in the best interests of the company, shareholders, and creditors. Conflicts may arise when directors have personal interests or relationships that diverge from their duty to prioritize the company's welfare. The abstract underscores the significance of transparency, disclosure, and adherence to corporate governance principles in navigating these conflicts effectively. Through an analysis of relevant regulation frameworks, this article examines insights into identifying conflicts of interest within the Company, especially when the Director are appointed as the liquidator.
Analysis of Solaria Brand Dispute Resolution with Solaris (Case Study No. 775 K/PDT.SUS-HKI/2021)
Authors: Simbolon Alum , Cindy Cindy
Published: December 2024

This research discusses the dispute between the SOLARIA and SOLARIS brands in Indonesia, focusing on Decision No. 775 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2021. It aims to analyze the considerations of the Panel of Judges in resolving the trademark dispute and determine the protection of the SOLARIA brand against the SOLARIS brand in the mentioned decision. The findings reveal that the Plaintiff, as the owner of the SOLARIA brand, is the registrant and first user of the brand under the first-to-file system. Consequently, the Plaintiff is the legal owner of the SOLARIA brand, which is recognized as a well-known brand based on registrations in various countries. The Defendant's registration of the SOLARIS mark is considered to be in bad faith due to significant similarities in terms of shape, sound, and pronunciation. This suggests that the Defendant registered the mark solely for their own business interests, misleading consumers and causing harm to other parties. Accordingly, the Directorate General of Intellectual Property should reject the Defendant's SOLARIS trademark application under Article 21 paragraph (1) letter a of the MIG Law. The Plaintiff, as the owner of the SOLARIA brand, obtains legal protection through the resolution of this case via a legal process. The Panel of Judges granted the Plaintiff's lawsuit and declared the SOLARIS brand invalid according to the law. The cassation request submitted by the Defendant was also rejected, providing repressive legal protection for the Plaintiff.
The Criminal Responsibility Against Persons of The Crime of Embezation in Office
Authors: Subandi Subandi , Winjaya Laksana Andri
Published: December 2024

The crime of embezzlement in office is regulated in Article 374 of the Criminal Code. The crime of embezzlement in office is a crime of embezzlement with aggravation. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the criminal liability of perpetrators of criminal acts of embezzlement in office; and knowing and analyzing regulations against perpetrators of criminal acts of embezzlement in office in the future. This legal research uses an empirical legal research approach. The research results show that even though the perpetrator has returned the company money he used, it does not rule out the possibility that the victim as the company owner will still bring a case and submit it to court. However, the law must still be enforced because the perpetrator did make a mistake. Regulations against perpetrators of criminal acts of embezzlement in office in the future, apart from using penal measures, also use non-penal measures. The non-penal efforts undertaken should be realized in strategic activities, both socially, economically and legally, so that criminal acts of embezzlement in office can be minimized from an early age.
Judge's Rejection of Compensation for the Management of Dowry Disputes (Analysis of Decision Number 262/Pdt.G/2022/Pa.Batg)
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Iqbal Hanafi , Iwan Iwan
Published: December 2024

This study raises the case of a judge's rejection of a claim for compensation for the management of a dowry dispute at the Bantaeng Religious Court. The case involved a couple who separated after the husband took back the land that had previously been used as dowry. Although the judge decided to return the land to the wife, the judge rejected the wife's claim for compensation for the management of the land. In this context, the rule of Al'adatu Muhakkamah is one of the principles used in determining the law when there is no shar'i evidence that explicitly explains it. This study aims to analyze the judge's decision to refuse compensation for the results of the management of the dowry dispute and analyze the use of the Al'adatul Muhakkamah rule in the decision. The research method used is normative legal research method with a qualitative approach. The qualitative approach was chosen to describe the research results with sentences that categorize the data according to certain categories. With this approach, the research can provide in-depth conclusions about the application of the Al'adatu Muhakkamah rule in the judge's decision. The research findings show that the judge should have granted the compensation claim based on the analysis of the al-'adatul muhakkamah rule. Islamic law aims to realize human welfare, including by recognizing that customs that are still valid for generations have a significant influence in determining legal decisions. However, the main principle of sharia must still be the top priority, especially if there is a conflict between custom and Islamic Law.
The Sabotage in The Election Campaign
Authors: Sulistyowati Sulistyowati , Maharani Dewi Nadya , Maharaja Gusti Bintang , Manoppo Hanifa Putri
Published: December 2024

Campaign problems occur throughout the election from year to year, resulting in unrest in public opinion. Manipulation to sabotage is carried out to bring down legislative opponents of other candidate pairs that cause elections to occur haphazardly and override the correct campaigning provisions under the law. The emergence of sabotage carried out to seek the popular vote during the campaign casts doubt on the existence of clean and safe elections. Parties that should be considered neutral during the campaign until the election show their support for one of the competing legislative candidate pairs, which makes the neutrality of certain parties doubtful during the election. The occurrence of a haphazard campaign can damage the image of the election in the eyes of the public by realizing the view that campaigns and elections are meaningless as long as the ruling party uses its power to create a good image for one candidate as a competitor. Efforts to prevent dirty campaigns can be started by stopping sabotage carried out by supporters or candidates themselves to weaken opponents' voices armed with campaign Education and minimize the spread of false news during the campaign. Law enforcement should be maximized. The rules must be perfected.
The Legal Implications for Authentic Deeds Declared to be False
Authors: Royce Pasma , Sudiro Amad
Published: December 2024

A notary is an official who is authorized to make authentic deeds. An authentic deed is a deed whose proof is strong in court. As a Notary, caution is important, because the Notary is responsible for the deed and the parties who sign the deed. The problem faced in this study is how to be responsible for the falsification of the contents of the deed and signatures carried out by the parties by the notary and the plaintiff in the Surabaya District Court Decision Number 237/Pid.B/2021/PN. Sby and what are the legal implications for authentic deeds that are declared fake in the Surabaya District Court Decision Number 2370/Pid.B/2021/PN. Sby. The research method used in this writing is the research of normative juridical law. The results of the study show that if a Notary while carrying out his office commits a violation that causes losses to the parties or third parties, then a Notary can be sanctioned in the form of civil sanctions contained in Article 84 and sanctions of the code of ethics for the position of Notary or administrative in Article 85. The Notary Position Law only regulates Civil Sanctions and Code of Ethics Sanctions for Notary Positions, it does not mention the existence of Criminal Sanctions that can be given to a Notary. However, criminal sanctions can also be imposed on the Notary, if the act committed meets the elements of a criminal act. As with the process of imposing witnesses, it is necessary to prove the charges that are accused of the Notary, which in the imposition of witnesses and the authority to examine and adjudicate is the code of ethics assembly, while the criminal sanctions or civil sanctions that examine and adjudicate are the courts. Legal implications for authentic deeds that are deliberately filled with false information in their creation, the notary deed is null and void by court decision and the deed becomes degraded from the original authentic deed to a deed under hand.
Miten maaseudun pienet yritykset näkyvät vihreässä siirtymässä? Katsaus Kainuun alueen strategiseen ohjaukseen
Authors: Halonen Santeri , Simunaniemi Anna-Mari , Ala-Rämi Katariina
Published: December 2024

Vihreää siirtymää ohjataan lainsäädännöllisin keinoin niin Euroopan unionin kuin kansallisen tason politiikalla. Suomi on asettanut tavoitteeksi hiilineutraaliuden vuoteen 2035 mennessä ja tukee vihreää siirtymää taloudellisesti. Poliittis-taloudelliset linjaukset koskevat niin maakuntia, kuntia kuin yksittäisiä yrityksiäkin. Tässä katsauksessa tarkastelemme, miten maaseutumaiset ja harvaan asutut alueet sekä niillä toimivat pienet yritykset on huomioitu vihreään siirtymään liittyvässä kansallisessa, alueellisessa ja paikallisessa strategisessa ohjauksessa. Harvaan asuttujen alueiden mahdollisuuksien parantaminen on valtakunnallisesti nähty tärkeäksi ja erityisesti pienillä yrityksillä voi olla keskeinen rooli harvaan asuttujen alueiden elinvoimaisuuden kannalta. Tämän katsauksen kohdealueena on Ylä- ja Itä-Kainuu. Aineistona käytetään Orpon hallitusohjelmaa, kansallista energia- ja ilmastostrategiaa Hiilineutraali Suomi 2035, Kainuu-ohjelmaa ja alueen kuntien strategioita. Katsaus luo kokonaiskuvaa siitä, miten pienten yritysten mahdollisuus toimia vihreän siirtymän suunnannäyttäjinä ja näin maaseutumaisten alueiden elinvoimaisuuden ja monimuotoisuuden edistäjinä näyttäytyy eri aluetasojen strategioissa. Vertailussa havaitaan strategisia eroja maaseudun ja pienten yritysten roolien suhteen osana vihreää siirtymää. Kansallisella tasolla maaseutu pelkistyy alku- ja energiantuotannon resurssiperiferiaksi. Maakuntatasolla Kainuu profiloi itsensä vihreässä siirtymässä houkuttelevaksi ja erottuvaksi alueeksi. Vihreän siirtymän tavoitteet voivat myös olla läsnä kuntien toiminnassa, mutta eivät näy sanoitettuina niiden strategioissa.
Kuka on ruotsinsuomalainen?
Authors: Koskelainen Annika
Published: December 2024

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan ruotsinsuomalaisuutta käsitteleviä tutkimuksia. Selvitän millä tavoin termi ruotsinsuomalainen on määritelty ja kuinka ruotsinsuomalaisuuden käsitettä pohditaan toisaalta tutkijoiden ja toisaalta toisen polven Ruotsissa kasvaneiden suomalaistaustaisten näkökulmasta. Termin käyttö on pohdituttanut tutkijoita. Termi ruotsinsuomalainen on suhteellisen uusi, ja sen merkitys vaihtelee eri näkökulmien mukaan. Ruotsinsuomalainen vähemmistö on heterogeeninen, eikä ole yksiselitteistä tapaa rajata, keitä ryhmään kuuluu. Yhteiskunnan ja aikojen muutokset näkyvät ruotsinsuomalaisuuden muutosten taustalla, mikä on myös vaikuttanut termin ruotsinsuomalainen käyttöön ja vakiintumiseen. Vanhat suuren muuttoaallon aikojen sukupolvitarinat elävät edelleen, mutta samalla uudemmat muuttajat tuovat tuoreempaa suomalaisuutta Ruotsiin.
Artikkelissa nostetaan esille muitakin käsitteeseen ruotsinsuomalainen liitettäviä merkityksiä kielen ja perhetaustan lisäksi, kuten esimerkiksi monikulttuurisuus ja eri kulttuurien välissä eläminen ja liikkuminen. Kansainvälisesti tutkituissa Third Culture Kid- ja Cross-Cultural Kid -teorioissa (ks. esim. Pollock & Van Reken 1999, 2001; Van Reken 2011) on yhtäläisyyksiä toisen polven Ruotsissa kasvaneiden suomalaistaustaisten kokemuksiin.
Ruotsinsuomalaisuuteen liittyy ristiriitaisuutta. Ruotsissa kasvaneet toisen polven suomalaistaustaiset pohtivat ja prosessoivat usein omaa identiteettiään. Tutkimuksissa käsitellään myös ruotsinsuomalaisten samannäköisyyttä kantaväestön kanssa, ja siinä nähdään sekä etuja että haittoja. Tähän liittyy myös kysymyksiä siitä, ovatko suomalaistaustaiset Ruotsissa ulkomaalaisia tai ulkomaalaistaustaisia vai eivät. Tutkijatkin ovat joutuneet harkitsemaan, millä termeillä tai muilla ilmauksilla tutkittavia on sopivaa kutsua.
Multiplex analysis of microsatellite markers in DNA certification of sweet cherry varieties
Authors:   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making», Krasnodar, Russia, Suprun I.I.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Microsatellite DNA markers are widely used in genetic studies of many fruit crops, including
sweet cherry. They provide data that improve the efficiency of breeding and genetic research. Improving the
methodological aspects of SSR genotyping is an important issue in order to reduce the costs of time, reagents
and consumables while maintaining the accuracy of the analysis. One of these methods is the use of multiplex
PCR, when several SSR loci are analyzed in one reaction. The aim of these studies was to improve the
elements of the SSR fingerprinting methodology for sweet cherry varieties by developing multiplex sets of
SSR markers. As a result of testing microsatellite DNA markers in the formation of multiplex sets, optimization of such parameters as the ratio of primer concentrations of DNA markers included in one multiplex
set; the number of reaction cycles, the annealing temperature of primers during PCR; the degree of dilution
of PCR products during their denaturation during fragment analysis on the ABIprism automatic genetic analyzer and Nanofor 05. Eight multiplex kits were developed, including 21 microsatellite DNA markers. Data
on the polymorphism of DNA markers and on the length ranges of amplified fragments are presented. The
obtained multiplex kits were successfully used for DNA certification of sweet cherry varieties representing
the gene pool of the South of Russia. Part of the data on the DNA profiles of sweet cherry varieties was
registered as an intellectual property object in the form of a database of SSR fingerprints of sweet cherry
varieties. The obtained data can also be used to assess the genetic structure and diversity of collections of
genetic resources of this crop.

Keywords: sweet cherry, genotyping, SSR-markers, SSR-fingerprinting, multiplex analysis
Ecological conditions and limiting factors of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blan. var. unshiu Tan.) cultivation in the subtropics of the Black sea coast of Russia
Authors:   Federal Research Center Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russian Federation, Gorshkov V.M.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The main environmental factors determining the optimal conditions for the growth of the main
species of the genus Citrus on the example of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blan. var. unshiu Tan.) and limiting
factors of environmental impact on plants are considered. The most informative sources in this case are:
temperature (minimum, average, maximum) and the amount of precipitation). The study of weather conditions of five growing seasons (2019-2023) revealed the main environmental factors that expose early-maturing (Kawano-Wase) and late-maturing (Unshiu) citrus varieties in the subtropical zone of Russia to waterthermal stresses. The likelihood of devastating frosts (-5 °C for lemon and -12 °C for mandarin and orange)
pose a threat to citrus farming in this region. The relationship between precipitation and HTC is shown. The
correlation coefficient is statistically significant r = 0.98. The connection is strong and direct. The largest
number of temperature stressors (seven) has been established in 2020, 2022, and 2023. At the same time, the
maximum temperature reached from 26.9 °C – 2.10.2022, to 35.9 °C – 6.08.2023. Frosts were not critical,
the minimum temperature reached -7.2 °C (09.02.2020) and -4.3 °C (23.12.2021). The last frost – -2.4 °C
was observed late on March 18, 2022, but was no longer dangerous for plants. The lack of precipitation
creates a stressful situation along with the temperature. 2020 was the most critical year due to the values of
this indicator. Precipitation was distributed: 25 mm in June, 11 mm in August and 30 mm in September, that
is only 66 mm (19 %) with a norm of 341 mm. Water deficiency affects the growth, generative processes and
metabolism of mandarin plants. Mandarin plants exposed to stress exhibit adaptive responses to stressors
regardless of the biological characteristics of low-growing (Kawano-Wase) or strong-growing (Unshiu)
plants varieties.

Keywords: vegetation, environment, stress, adverse effects, temperature
Marketable qualities of fruits of new pear forms in the conditions of the foothill fruit zone
Authors:   North Caucasian Scientific Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Gardening, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Satibalov A.V. , Bakuev J.H. ,   North Caucasian Scientific Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Gardening, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Nagudova L.Kh. ,   North Caucasian Scientific Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Gardening, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Daguzhieva Z.Sh. ,   Maikop State Technological University, Maikop, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The need for pear breeding in the foothills of the North Caucasus is associated with the inconsistency of varieties grown in the region, including world standards, with the requirements of modern horticulture. Continuous improvement of the breeding process has led to the creation of new varieties of fruit
crops with valuable characteristics and qualities. Currently, pear breeding is actively carried out using classical and modern methods, aimed at creating new sources and donors of valuable traits. As a result of breeding work in our institute, promising pear hybrid forms (2002 year of crossing) with fruits of high commercial
quality have been identified. The data of the analysis of the commercial qualities of fruits for 2020-2023 are
presented. The largest fruits are marked in two combinations Talgarskaya krasavitsa (free pollination). In the
first variant, Talgarskaya krasavitsa (free pollination / working name – Zul’fira/), the average fruit weight
was 509 g, and the largest reached 637 g. In the second variant of the Talgarskaya krasavitsa combination
(free pollination / working name – Chegemskaya/), the average fruit weight was 258,2 g, and the largest
weighed 323,5 g. The content of vitamin "C" in pear fruits is small, and therefore the pear cannot serve as a
source of ascorbic acid. The variation of this indicator was noted in the range of 4,0...6,0 mg/100 g. The
largest number of them in the Talgarskaya krasavitsa form (free pollination / Chegemskaya/) is on average
6,0 %, and this variety also has a higher sugar content – on average 11,6 %. The presented varieties show a
high degree of adaptation to the specific weather conditions of the region. Despite the prevailing meteorological conditions, they mature physiologically, accumulate a sufficient number of chemical components that
contribute to the formation of fruits with good dessert taste qualities. As a result, they can not only replenish
the zoned assortment, but also are of undoubted interest for further breeding work.

Key words: pear, varieties, commercial qualities, fruit weight, biochemical composition
ὕσπληξ (Phryn. Ecl. 48, Phryn. PS 120.9, Moer. υ 5)
Authors: Merisio Elisa Nuria
Published: December 2024

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the noun ὕσπληξ, discussed in the Atticist lexica Phryn. Ecl. 48, Phryn. PS 120.9, Moer. υ 5.
δρωπακίζω, παρατίλλομαι, πιττοῦμαι (Phryn. Ecl. 384, Poll. 7.165, Phot. π 319, Thom.Mag. 291.8–9)
Authors: Beltramini Luca
Published: December 2024

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the verbs δρωπακίζω, παρατίλλομαι, and πιττοῦμαι, discussed in the lexica Phryn. Ecl. 384, Poll. 7.165, Phot. π 319, Thom.Mag. 291.8–9.
βάτος (Moer. β 23, Antiatt. β 17, Philemo [Laur.] 357)
Authors: Merisio Elisa Nuria
Published: December 2024

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the noun βάτος, discussed in the Atticist lexica Moer. β 23, Antiatt. β 17, Philemo (Laur.) 357.
ἀνέκραγον (Phryn. PS 5.21–2, Phryn. PS 52.1–2, Moer. α 131)
Authors: Benuzzi Federica
Published: December 2024

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the aorist ἀνέκραγον, discussed in the Atticist lexica Phryn. PS 5.21–2, Phryn. PS 52.1–2, Moer. α 131.
ἄνθη, αὔξη, βλάστη (Phryn. PS 19.6–7, Poll. 1.230, Moer. α 7, Moer. α 23, [Hdn.] Philet. 295)
Authors: Andrea Pellettieri
Published: December 2024

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the nouns ἄνθη, αὔξη, and βλάστη, discussed in the Atticist lexica Phryn. PS 19.6–7, Poll. 1.230, Moer. α 7, Moer. α 23, [Hdn.] Philet. 295.
αἴθαλος, αἰθάλη (Phryn. Ecl. 85)
Authors: Merisio Elisa Nuria
Published: December 2024

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the nouns αἴθαλος and αἰθάλη, discussed in the Atticist lexicon Phryn. Ecl. 85.
βοῦ, βοός (Antiatt. β 10)
Authors: Merisio Elisa Nuria
Published: December 2024

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the genitive forms βοῦ and βοός, discussed in the Atticist lexicon Antiatt. β 10.
γάρος, γάρον ([Hdn.] Philet. 5)
Authors: Batisti Roberto
Published: December 2024

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the forms γάρος and γάρον, discussed in the Atticist lexicon [Hdn.] Philet. 5.
εὐκοιτέω (Phryn. Ecl. 9)
Authors: Favi Federico
Published: December 2024

This article provides a philological and linguistic commentary on the verb εὐκοιτέω, discussed in the Atticist lexicon Phryn. Ecl. 9.
Revelaciones. Álbum familiar y fototextualidad autobiográfica en la narrativa española del siglo XXI by Ruben Venzon
An Inquiry into the Relationship Between Words and Images
Authors: Candeloro Antonio
Published: December 2024

What is a photograph? What is a family album? How does our way of reading narrative texts with autobiographical roots change when the author decides to introduce visual testimonies from his family past? These are some of the questions raised by reading Revelaciones. Álbum familiar y fototextualidad autobiográfica en la narrativa española del siglo XXI, by Ruben Venzon, a very in-depth study of the relationships between words and images.
Writing Lifes: A Biopoetical Approach to María Teresa León’s Literary Production
Authors: Mannino Francesca
Published: December 2024

This article proposes a biopoetical analysis of a selected number of texts written by María Teresa León (1903‑1988), especially during her Argentinian (1940‑63) and Roman exile (1963‑77). It becomes apparent that the majority of her literary production is dedicated to the writing or re-writing, always mixing fact with fiction, of several biographies of the protagonists of the Spanish cultural background and mythology, including her own autobiography, Memoria de la melancolía (1970). According to this corpus, the study will focus on two main aspects: the implications and influences of biology – in its meaning of science of life – in the field of narratology – as the science of narration – and the use of narration as a therapy against individual and collective trauma.
Domingo Ródenas de Moya. El orden del azar. Guillermo de Torre entre los Borges
Authors: Cattaneo Simone
Published: December 2024

Review of Rodenas de Moya, D. (2023). El orden del azar. Guillermo de Torre entre los Borges. Barcelona: Anagrama, 577 pp.
Juan Mayorga, Ellissi. Saggi 1990-2022
Authors: Londero Renata
Published: December 2024

Review of Mayorga, J. (2023). Ellissi. Saggi 1990-2022. A cura di E. Di Pastena. Imola: Cue Press, 293 pp.
Alberto Gerchunoff. Una sinagoga nella pampa
Authors: Regazzoni Susanna
Published: December 2024

Review of Gerchunoff, A. (2024). Una sinagoga nella pampa. A cura di C. Cattarulla. Roma: Nova Delphi, 175 pp.
Editorial notes: Asylum, Refugees and Postcolonial Literatures
Authors: De Capitani Lucio
Published: December 2024

The intersection of (postcolonial) literature, refugees and asylum, whether one wishes to emphasise continuity or rupture with earlier models and concepts, or to affirm or contest its critical utility, remains a rich and a politically timely site for debate for literary criticism. This monographic issue of Il Tolomeo contributes to this conversation by exploring examples of refugee/asylum literature across various historical and geographical contexts and literary traditions, and through different theoretical and methodological perspectives, including (and expanding the scope of) postcolonial ones.