bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An efficient aerodynamic optimization method based on approximate gradient analysis
Authors: Liu Miao , Qian Ruizhan
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of the computer capability and the continuous improvement of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technology, optimization design has gradually become a powerful and reliable means to solve the aerodynamic design problems. Among all kinds of optimization methods, gradient-based optimization algorithm can find the local optimal solution quickly, which is widely used in engineering problems. However, the computation of gradient is very expensive when an engineering problem involves large number of design variables. In this paper, an optimization method based on approximate gradient analysis is introduced, where the one-dimensional linear searches during the optimization process are evaluated with high-fidelity flow field analyses, while the gradients are evaluated with low-fidelity flow field analyses, leading to a significant saving in the computational cost of high-fidelity analysis. This method is demonstrated using a numerical example and RAE2822 airfoil optimization, and it is finally applied to the aerodynamic optimization of a wing-body configuration, which obtains good optimization results.
Prediction of maintenance hours based on maintenance scenarios
Authors: Chang Ningning
Published: May 2024

Maintenance time is one of the important parameters that affect maintenance costs, and is a factor in evaluating whether civil aircraft can be repaired quickly and economically, comprehensively reflecting the level of maintainability design. The study in this article is based on the analysis of maintenance scenarios across the entire system by identifying typical maintenance modes and their decomposition actions. At the same time, the concept of degree division and recognition principles are introduced to establish a maintenance time prediction table. The aim is to scientifically and reasonably predict maintenance time during the aircraft design stage, identify improved designs that can reduce maintenance costs, reduce the consumption of maintenance resources, improve maintenance efficiency, and ultimately achieve the goal of reducing the entire life cycle cost of the aircraft. Finally, a case study of maintenance time for a certain aircraft scheduled maintenance scenario was conducted using the prediction table, the main factors affecting maintenance time are analyzed, and directions for optimizing design are proposed.
Time cooperative guidance law based on neural network
Authors: Su Shi , Nan Ying
Published: May 2024

In response to the issue of coordinated guidance for vehicle groups, a neural network-based time-to-go prediction method has been designed. The influence of the motion state of both the vehicle and the target on the prediction results has been considered in this method. Compared with the classical method, the prediction error of the moving target is obviously reduced. A guidance law with a time synergy coefficient is proposed. This method adjusts the flight trajectory of the vehicles by the time-to-go error, ensuring that the cluster of vehicle arrive at the target simultaneously. According to the simulation results, the prediction error of the neural network is less than 0.4 s, and the maximum coordination error is 0.2 s, which achieves the effect of cooperative interception.
ARMA time series prediction model for fault detection of launch vehicle
Authors: Yang Tengyue , Wang Haiying , Ma Guorong
Published: May 2024

Spaceflight is a high-risk activity, especially for launch vehicles, and the losses caused by launch failures are considerable. Real-time fault detection is a prerequisite to ensure that future launch vehicles can detect and isolate faults in a timely manner, and ultimately reduce the hazard of fault. In this article, a time series prediction model of axial overload and three-axis angular rate is established using ARMA (Auto Regressive Moving Average) time series prediction model, and the residuals of the prediction model are analyzed and combined with the fault determination decision strategy to determine whether the system has a fault, and a fault tree can be built to further locate the fault location.
Dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with hybrid prediction
Authors: Zhao Shenjia , Zhang Hairui , Lyu Rui
Published: May 2024

The proposed dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, DMOEA/D-HP, addresses temporal variations in both the Pareto Front (PF) and Pareto Set (PS) for dynamic multi-objective optimization problems (DMOPs). Utilizing a hybrid prediction approach, the algorithm adapts to the dynamic nature of the problem. The population is divided into three segments for prediction: individuals with a distance greater than a threshold in PS for central prediction, those with a distance less than a threshold in PS for differential evolutionary prediction, and the remaining individuals for cross-mutation to maintain diversity. To assess DMOEA/D-HP’s effectiveness, it is compared with three advanced algorithms in DMOP by using the DF test set. Experimental results demonstrate that DMOEA/D-HP outperforms in terms of distribution and convergence when solving DMOPs.
Research on collaborative localization technology of UAVs based on INS and UWB
Authors: Xu Shuai , Li Qun , Wu Lianghua , Jiang Shuming , Jiang Ning , Li Chao
Published: May 2024

The trend of miniaturization and low-cost development in cluster systems restricts the ability of all UAVs within the cluster system to be equipped with expensive high-precision navigation equipment. Relying solely on their low-precision INS (inertial navigation system) will cause navigation errors to quickly diverge. To improve the navigation accuracy of UAVs, a distributed collaborative localization method combining leader and wingman is proposed, and the corresponding mathematical model is derived. The wingman obtains the position information and distance information of the leader through UWB (Ultra-Wide Band) devices and then applies the Kalman filter algorithm to fuse it with its inertial navigation solution information, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the wingman. On this basis, to address the issue of height channel divergence when the number of leaders decreases, it is proposed to add a barometer and maintain collaborative positioning accuracy by introducing height information assistance. Finally, the feasibility of this method was verified through mathematical simulation, and the simulation results show that compared with inertial navigation, the collaborative navigation and positioning method is more suitable for long-endurance navigation.
The FASER detector
Authors: Abreu Henso , Mansour Elham Amin , Antel Claire , Ariga Akitaka , Ariga Tomoko , Bernlochner Florian , Boeckh Tobias , Boyd Jamie , Brenner Lydia , Cadoux Franck , Casper David W. , Cavanagh Charlotte , Chen Xin , Coccaro Andrea , Crespo-Lopez Olivier , Débieux Stéphane , Dmitrievsky Sergey , D'Onofrio Monica , Dougherty Liam , Dozen Candan , Ezzat Abdallah , Favre Yannick , Fellers Deion , Feng Jonathan L. , Ferrere Didier , Galantay Edward Karl , Gall Jonathan , Gamberini Enrico , Gibson Stephen , Gonzalez-Sevilla Sergio , Gornushkin Yuri , Gwilliam Carl , Hayakawa Daiki , Hsu Shih-Chieh , Hu Zhen , Iacobucci Giuseppe , Inada Tomohiro , Jakobsen Sune , Johnson Eliott , Kajomovitz Enrique , Kawahara Hiroaki , Kling Felix , Kose Umut , Kotitsa Rafaella , Krusse Jesse , Kuehn Susanne , Lefebvre Helena , Levinson Lorne , Li Ke , Liu Jinfeng , Magliocca Chiara , Martinelli Fulvio , McFayden Josh , Meehan Sam , Milanesio Matteo , Miura Manato , Mladenov Dimitar , Moretti Théo , Munker Magdalena , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Nakano Toshiyuki , Nessi Marzio , Neuhaus Friedemann , Nevay Laurie , Osborne John , Otono Hidetoshi , Pandini Carlo , Pang Hao , Paolozzi Lorenzo , Petersen Brian , Pietropaolo Francesco , Prim Markus , Queitsch-Maitland Michaela , Resnati Filippo , Rizzi Chiara , Rokujo Hiroki , Ruiz-Choliz Elisa , Salfeld-Nebgen Jakob , Sanchez Galan Francisco , Sato Osamu , Scampoli Paola , Schmieden Kristof , Schott Matthias , Sfyrla Anna , Shively Savannah , Sipos Roland , Spencer John , Takubo Yosuke , Tarannum Noshin , Theiner Ondrej , Thonet Pierre , Torrence Eric , Tufanli Serhan , Vasina Svetlana , Vendeuvre Camille , Vormwald Benedikt , Wang Di , Zambito Stefano , Zhang Gang ,   FASER Collaboration
Published: May 2024

FASER, the ForwArd Search ExpeRiment, is an experiment
dedicated to searching for light, extremely weakly-interacting
particles at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Such particles
may be produced in the very forward direction of the LHC's
high-energy collisions and then decay to visible particles inside
the FASER detector, which is placed 480 m downstream of the ATLAS
interaction point, aligned with the beam collisions axis. FASER also
includes a sub-detector, FASERν, designed to detect neutrinos
produced in the LHC collisions and to study their properties. In
this paper, each component of the FASER detector is described in
detail, as well as the installation of the experiment system and its
commissioning using cosmic-rays collected in September 2021 and
during the LHC pilot beam test carried out in October 2021. FASER
has successfully started taking LHC collision data in 2022, and will
run throughout LHC Run 3.
On the solutions of the local Zamolodchikov tetrahedron equation
Authors: Chirkov M , Konstantinou-Rizos S
Published: May 2024

We study the solutions of the local Zamolodhcikov tetrahedron equation in the form of correspondences derived by3×3matrices with free variables. We present all the associated generators of 4-simplex maps satisfying the local tetrahedron equation. Moreover, we demonstrate that, from some of our solutions, we can recover the 4-simplex extensions of Kashaev–Korepanov–Sergeev and Hirota type tetrahedron maps. Finally, we construct several novel 4-simplex maps.
Fabrication and in vitro biological performance of a double-layered nanoparticles-microarc oxidation composite coating on titanium for dental implant application
Authors: Cheng Yicheng , Ma Rui , Kong Xiangwei , Qiao Youbei , Jiang Tao , Wu Jiang
Published: May 2024

Sufficient residual alveolar bone volume plays an important role in the success rate and service life of dental implants. However, alveolar bone deficiency is a common clinical phenomenon, and the alveolar bone would be further absorbed by peri-implant infection. Therefore, it is highly desirable to promote peri-implant alveolar bone regeneration and inhibit alveolar bone resorption when the alveolar bone mass is insufficient. For this purpose, a pH-sensitive double-layered nanoparticles-microarc oxidation (MAO) composite coating was fabricated on titanium for dental implant application in this study. The pH-sensitive double-layered nanoparticles were prepared by a poly(L-lactic acid) inner layer and a chitosan outer shell, containing stromal-cell derived factor-1, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and osteoprotegerin. The composite coating was fabricated on MAO coating by cross-linking the pH-sensitive double-layered nanoparticles with gelatin. The surface morphology of the composite coating showed that the pH-sensitive double-layered nanoparticles were well distributed and tightly cross-linked in the pores of MAO coating. The composite coating could sustain release the three drugs for more than 30 days. With decreasing pH, the release of osteoprotegerin from the composite coating increased (p < 0.05). In vitro biological studies suggested that the composite coating exhibited no cytotoxicity, and can recruit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), promote BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts, and inhibit osteoclast generation. Moreover, with decreasing pH, the inhibitory effect on osteoclast generation was enhanced (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the fabricated composite coating, which can promote bone regeneration and inhibit bone resorption, has the potential to be applied on the surface of dental implant, especially when the residual alveolar bone is in poor condition.
Current status of Pb-free PSCs and infer the highest achievable PCE via numerical modeling, and optimization of novel structure FAMASnGeI3 based PSCs
Authors: Hamzah Hairul Mardiah , Miah Md Helal , Hossen Md Jakir , Soin Norhayati Binti , Abdul Wahab Yasmin , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Aminul Islam Mohammad
Published: May 2024

In this study, we have extensively investigated an eco-friendly perovskite-based solar cell via a theoretical approach and numerical simulation. For that purpose, firstly, we have conducted a brief literature review to decipher the status of Pb-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The literature review reflects that the research on Pb-free PSCs is going on with immense interest. By acquiring inspiration from the literature review, we have designed a Pb-free hybrid PSC with a structure of FTO/CdS/FAMASnGeI3/NiO/Ag utilizing SCAPS-1D software. The structure has been optimized by fine-tuning the thickness, and defect density of the light-absorbing layer and the thickness, donor density, and band gap of ETL. The optimized structure of Pb-free perovskite material displays promising results with PCE of 30.05 %, Voc of 0.964 V, fill factor of 82.35%, and current density of 27.77 mA cm−2. In addition, we have also found that the temperature and light intensity play a crucial role in the performance of the proposed PSC. We have found quantum efficiency as high as 98% for 360 nm thickness of the perovskite absorber layer. Finally, from the dark J–V analysis, lower current density (6.73×10−8 mA cm−2), less series resistance (2.8×10−5 Ωcm2) as well as high shunt resistance (11412.67 Ωcm2) were witnessed, which is expectable for a promising solar cell. Our inclusive exploration unveiled the fact that the suggested novel architecture (FTO/CdS/FAMASnGeI3/NiO/Ag) can be considered an exceptional design for PSCs with greater efficiency and practical suitability.
Precise positioning of gamma ray interactions in multiplexed pixelated scintillators using artificial neural networks
Authors: Correia P M M , Cruzeiro B , Dias J , Encarnação P M C C , Ribeiro F M , Rodrigues C A , Silva A L M
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The positioning of γ ray interactions in positron emission tomography (PET) detectors is commonly made through the evaluation of the Anger logic flood histograms. machine learning techniques, leveraging features extracted from signal waveform, have demonstrated successful applications in addressing various challenges in PET instrumentation. Aim. This paper evaluates the use of artificial neural networks (NN) for γ ray interaction positioning in pixelated scintillators coupled to a multiplexed array of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). Methods. An array of 16 Cerium doped Lutetium-based (LYSO) crystal pixels (cross-section 2 × 2 mm2) coupled to 16 SiPM (S13360-1350) were used for the experimental setup. Data from each of the 16 LYSO pixels was recorded, a total of 160000 events. The detectors were irradiated by 511 keV annihilation γ rays from a Sodium-22 (22Na) source. Another LYSO crystal was used for electronic collimation. Features extracted from the signal waveform were used to train the model. Two models were tested: i) single multiple-class neural network (mcNN), with 16 possible outputs followed by a softmax and ii) 16 binary classification neural networks (bNN), each one specialized in identifying events occurred in each position. Results. Both NN models showed a mean positioning accuracy above 85% on the evaluation dataset, although the mcNN is faster to train. Discussion The method’s accuracy is affected by the introduction of misclassified events that interacted in the neighbour’s crystals and were misclassified during the dataset acquisition. Electronic collimation reduces this effect, however results could be improved using a more complex acquisition setup, such as a light-sharing configuration. Conclusions The methods comparison showed that mcNN and bNN can surpass the Anger logic, showing the feasibility of using these models in positioning procedures of future multiplexed detector systems in a linear configuration.
Real-time edge computing design for physiological signal analysis and classification
Authors: Suppiah Ravi , Noori Kim , Abidi Khalid , Sharma Anurag
Published: May 2024

Physiological Signals like Electromography (EMG) and Electroencephalography (EEG) can be analysed and decoded to provide vital information that can be used in a range of applications like rehabilitative robotics and remote device control. The process of acquiring and using these signals requires many compute-intensive tasks like signal acquisition, signal processing, feature extraction, and machine learning. Performing these activities on a PC-based system with well-established software tools like Python and Matlab is the first step in designing solutions based upon these signals. In the application domain of rehabilitative robotics, one of the main goals is to develop solutions that can be deployed for the use of individuals who need them in improving their Acitivities-for-Daily Living (ADL). To achieve this objective, the final solution must be deployed onto an embedded solution that allows high portability and ease-of-use. Porting a solution from a PC-based environment onto a resource-constraint one such as a microcontroller poses many challenges. In this research paper, we propose the use of an ARM-based Corex M-4 processor. We explore the various stages of the design from the initial testing and validation, to the deployment of the proposed algorithm on the controller, and further investigate the use of Cepstrum features to obtain a high classification accuracy with minimal input features. The proposed solution is able to achieve an average classification accuracy of 95.34% for all five classes in the EMG domain and 96.16% in the EEG domain on the embedded board.
Simple model to incorporate statistical noise based on a modified hodgkin-huxley approach for external electrical field driven neural responses
Authors: Sokol M , Baker C , Baker M , Joshi R P
Published: May 2024

Noise activity is known to affect neural networks, enhance the system response to weak external signals, and lead to stochastic resonance phenomenon that can effectively amplify signals in nonlinear systems. In most treatments, channel noise has been modeled based on multi-state Markov descriptions or the use stochastic differential equation models. Here we probe a computationally simple approach based on a minor modification of the traditional Hodgkin-Huxley approach to embed noise in neural response. Results obtained from numerous simulations with different excitation frequencies and noise amplitudes for the action potential firing show very good agreement with output obtained from well-established models. Furthermore, results from the Mann–Whitney U Test reveal a statistically insignificant difference. The distribution of the time interval between successive potential spikes obtained from this simple approach compared very well with the results of complicated Fox and Lu type methods at much reduced computational cost. This present method could also possibly be applied to the analysis of spatial variations and/or differences in characteristics of random incident electromagnetic signals.
Turning CO2 into sustainable graphene: a comprehensive review of recent synthesis techniques and developments
Authors: Sorayani Bafqi Mohammad Sajad , Aliyeva Nargiz , Baskan-Bayrak Havva , Dogan Semih , Saner Okan Burcu
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of graphene through environmentally friendly and efficient methods has posed a persistent challenge, prompting extensive research in recent years to access sustainable sources and attain high quality graphene competing with the one obtained from graphite ores. Addressing this challenge becomes even more intricate when aiming to convert captured CO2 into graphene structures, encountering hurdles stemming from the inherent stability of the CO2 molecule and its steadfast transformation. Together with CO2, there is a great potential to create carbon source by using natural biomass, cellulosic plant sources and industrial wastes. This comprehensive review delves into the recent synthesis techniques and developments, exploring both direct and indirect pathways for the integration of CO2 that strive to overcome the complexities associated with transforming CO2 into graphene. The review critically analyzes CO2 capturing mechanisms designed for air, ocean, and alternative sources, outlining the progress made in harnessing captured CO2 as a feedstock for graphene production by evaluating captured CO2 values. This review consolidates the recent advancements by providing a roadmap for future research directions in the sustainable synthesis of graphene from captured CO2 in the pursuit of a greener, circular economy.
The Prophet Between Philosopher and Poet
Authors: Rosenthal Michael A
Published: May 2024

Schlegel describes the prophet as both a philosopher and a poet. This chapter adopts Spinoza’s own method reading of Scripture to help us understand what Spinoza meant by prophecy and then how it was read, or might have been read, by later thinkers like Schlegel. The chapter presents three models of prophecy. The first is what Spinoza himself explicitly says about prophecy in his Theological-Political Treatise, namely that it is the product of the imagination and only coincides at points with what reason teaches us. The second is how prophecy was read creatively in light of the Romantic reading of Spinoza’s Ethics. Finally, the third is how the Spinozistic idea of the prophet might have been interpreted by Romantics like Schlegel beyond the rationalistic framework, with the prophet understood as the paragon of an anti-foundationalist philosopher.
Kant’s Anti-Judaism and Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise
Authors: Schaefer Yoav
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the influence Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise exerted over Immanuel Kant’s Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. Specifically, it focuses on Kant’s critique of Judaism, arguing that Kant’s harsh assessment of the Jewish religion was likely indebted to Spinoza’s writings. Yet it also demonstrates that Kant’s anti-Judaism was hardly a mere restatement of Spinoza’s critique of Judaism but diverges from Spinoza’s account in slight but nonetheless crucial ways. Kant’s depiction of Judaism, moreover, carries out a crucial task in his argument for rational religion that has no counterpart in Spinoza’s Treatise: Judaism constitutes in Kant’s system the principal foil to his conception of rational religion. This chapter therefore shows how Kant adopted many aspects of Spinoza’s critique of Judaism but deployed Spinoza’s account in the service of a philosophical agenda—rationalizing religion—that Spinoza explicitly rejected.
Lou Salomé on Life, Religion, Self-Development, and Psychoanalysis
Authors: Kraus Katharina T
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the influence of Spinoza’s philosophy both on Salomé’s early philosophy of life, before her encounter with psychoanalysis, and on her later work in psychoanalysis. It highlights how the Spinozistic elements of her thought mark a continuity throughout her work, despite shifts in terminology. After a brief biographical sketch of her early encounter with Spinoza’s philosophy and her later turn to psychoanalysis, the chapter examines three Spinozistic themes in Salomé’s thought: first, her conception of the primordial ground (Urgrund) of life as the all-unity (All-Einheit), which is compared with Spinoza’s divine substance and the psychoanalytic concept of the unconscious; second, her psychosomatic parallelism as two ways of representing life, which can be seen as building upon Spinoza’s account of mind and body; and third, her account of the ethical dimension of human life, which echoes Spinoza’s theory of the affects and perfection.
The axes of biology: a novel axes-based network embedding paradigm to decipher the functional mechanisms of the cell
Authors: Doria-Belenguer Sergio , Xenos Alexandros , Ceddia Gaia , Malod-Dognin Noël , Pržulj Nataša
Published: May 2024

Common approaches for deciphering biological networks involve network embedding algorithms. These approaches strictly focus on clustering the genes’ embedding vectors and interpreting such clusters to reveal the hidden information of the networks. However, the difficulty in interpreting the genes’ clusters and the limitations of the functional annotations’ resources hinder the identification of the currently unknown cell’s functioning mechanisms. We propose a new approach that shifts this functional exploration from the embedding vectors of genes in space to the axes of the space itself. Our methodology better disentangles biological information from the embedding space than the classic gene-centric approach. Moreover, it uncovers new data-driven functional interactions that are unregistered in the functional ontologies, but biologically coherent. Furthermore, we exploit these interactions to define new higher-level annotations that we term Axes-Specific Functional Annotations and validate them through literature curation. Finally, we leverage our methodology to discover evolutionary connections between cellular functions and the evolution of species.

Availability and implementation

Data and source code can be accessed at https://gitlab.bsc.es/sdoria/axes-of-biology.git
Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pupal success and adult eclosion across variable soil type and moisture
Authors: Schardong Igor S , Reisig Dominic D , Possebom Taynara , Heitman Joshua
Published: May 2024

Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest in many crops in the southern United States. Upon reaching the final larval instar, H. zea quests for a pupation site in the soil. Pupae are vulnerable to mortality since their movement is limited. Soil type and moisture can influence H. zea emergence, but the interaction of these factors has not been demonstrated. We compared sandy and clay soils in greenhouse and laboratory experiments. In the first experiment, we evaluated the preference of larvae to choose either sandy or clay soil for pupation. In a second experiment, we set the sandy soils at different moisture levels and observed prepupae pupation preference in a choice scenario. In a third experiment, we observed prepupae pupation in different moisture levels in a no-choice scenario. In a 4th experiment, we evaluated adult emergence following pupation when we increased moisture or kept it constant. In a final experiment, we evaluated pupation behavior in sandy or clay soils with a webcam and a glass arena. We found that larvae preferred to pupate in sandy soils over clay soils and that pupal success was highest at intermediate moisture levels. In addition, elevated soil moisture levels did not impact the emergence of H. zea between sandy or clay soil. Finally, H. zea did not take longer to burrow in either sandy or clay soil, but the tunnels of the pupal burrow were larger in sandy soil compared to clay soil. Our results clarify H. zea behavior across soil moisture and soil type.
Association of secondary mitral regurgitation and right ventricular dysfunction among patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tayal Bhupendar , Faza Nadeen N , Nguyen Duc T , Malahfji Maan , Little Stephen , Saeed Mujtaba , Goel Sachin S , Guha Ashrith , El-Tallawi Kinan Carlos , Graviss Edward A , Shah Dipan J
Published: May 2024

Aims

The association between secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in heart failure patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) is unclear. Hence, our objective was to study the association between secondary MR and the occurrence of RV dysfunction among patients with NICM using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods and results

Patients with NICM were enrolled in a prospective observational registry between 2008 and 2019. CMR was used to quantify MR severity along with RV function. The RV dysfunction was defined as RV ejection fraction <45%. The outcome of the study was a composite event of all-cause death, heart transplantation, or left ventricular assist device implantation at follow-up. In the study cohort of 241 patients, RV dysfunction (RVEF < 45%) was present in 148 (61%). In comparison with patients without RV dysfunction, those with RV dysfunction had higher median MR volume {23 mL [interquartile range (IQR) 16–31 mL] vs. 18 mL (IQR 12–25 mL), P = 0.002} and MR fraction [33% (IQR 25–43%) vs. 22% (IQR 15–29%), P < 0.001]. Furthermore, secondary MR was independently associated with RV dysfunction: MR volume ≥ 24 mL (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.26–8.15, P = 0.01) and MR fraction ≥ 30% (OR 5.46, 95% CI 2.23–13.35, P = 0.002). Increasing RVEF (every 1% increase) was independently associated with lower risk of adverse events (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.95, 1.00; P = 0.047).

Conclusion

In patients with NICM, the severity of secondary MR is associated with an increased prevalence of RV dysfunction. The RV dysfunction is not only associated with the severity of LV dysfunction but also with the severity of secondary MR.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04281823.
Catheter ablation as an adjunctive therapy to ICD implantation in Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Doundoulakis Ioannis , Chiotis Sotirios , Pannone Luigi , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Sorgente Antonio , Kordalis Athanasios , Scacciavillani Roberto , Zafeiropoulos Stefanos , Marcon Lorenzo , Vetta Giampaolo , Pagkalidou Eirini , Bala Gezim , Almorad Alexandre , Ströker Erwin , Sieira Juan , La Meir Mark , Brugada Pedro , Tsiachris Dimitrios , Sarkozy Andrea , Chierchia Gian Battista , de Asmundis Carlo
Published: May 2024

Background

Brugada Syndrome (BrS) is a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia disorder associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and sudden cardiac death. Current management primarily relies on implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), but patients may experience ICD shocks. Catheter ablation (CA) has emerged as a potential intervention to target the arrhythmogenic substrate. This systematic review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CA in BrS patients.

Methods and results

Studies with BrS patients undergoing CA for VAs were included. Fourteen studies that involved a total population of 709 BrS patients, with CA performed in 528 of them, were included. CA resulted in the non-inducibility of VAs in 91% (95% CI: 83–99, I2 = 76%) and resolution of type 1 ECG Brugada pattern in 88% (95% CI: 81–96.2, I2 = 91%) of the patients. After a mean follow-up of 30.7 months, 87% (95% CI: 80–94, I2 = 82%) of patients remained free from VAs. The incidence of VAs during follow-up was significantly lower in the ablation cohort in comparison to the group receiving only ICD therapy (OR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.12, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

CA shows potential as a therapeutic approach to reduce VAs and improve outcomes in BrS patients. While further research with a long follow-up period is required to confirm these findings, it represents a valuable tool as an add-on intervention to ICD implantation in BrS patients with a high burden of VAs.
Polycystic ovary syndrome presents as a multimorbid condition by age 50: birth cohort linkage to national register data
Authors: Kujanpää Linda , Arffman Riikka K , Pesonen Paula , Hurskainen Elisa , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Franks Stephen , Tapanainen Juha S , Morin-Papunen Laure , Piltonen Terhi T
Published: May 2024

Objective

This population-based follow-up study investigated register-based disease diagnoses and medication use up till age of 50 years among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that were identified from a population-based birth cohort.

Design

Population-based longitudinal cohort study.

Patients

Women reporting oligo/amenorrhea and hirsutism at age 31 and/or who were diagnosed with PCOS by a physician by age 46 (n = 244) and women without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1556) in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Main Outcome Measures

National register data on diagnosed diseases (International Statistical Classification of Diseases [ICD]-8-10) and medication use (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) until the age of 50.

Results

Women with PCOS had a 26% higher risk for any registered diagnosis (risk ratio [RR]: 1.26 [1.09-1.46]) and a 24% higher risk for medication use (RR: 1.24 [1.05-1.46]) compared with non-PCOS women, even after adjusting for several confounders. Several main ICD categories were more prevalent among women with PCOS versus non-PCOS controls, eg, endocrine, metabolic, nervous system, musculoskeletal, and genitourinary diseases in addition with different symptoms and injuries. Surprisingly, even though the overall morbidity was only increased in women with PCOS with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, there were several ICD main categories that showed higher comorbidity risk especially in women with PCOS with a BMI < 25 kg/m2. Several medications were prescribed more often to women with PCOS versus non-PCOS controls, eg, medications related to the alimentary tract and metabolism, the cardiovascular system, genitourinary system drugs and sex hormones, dermatologic and hormonal preparations, and medications to treat the musculoskeletal, nervous, and respiratory systems.

Conclusion

Women with PCOS are burdened with multimorbidity and higher medication use, independent of BMI and other confounders. Accordingly, preventive strategies are needed to alleviate the disease burden and improve the health outcomes of women with PCOS.
Challenges in IBD Research 2024: Preclinical Human IBD Mechanisms
Authors: Ciorba Matthew A , Konnikova Liza , Hirota Simon A , Lucchetta Elena M , Turner Jerrold R , Slavin Anthony , Johnson Kristen , Condray Cass D , Hong Sungmo , Cressall Brandon K , Pizarro Theresa T , Hurtado-Lorenzo Andrés , Heller Caren A , Moss Alan C , Swantek Jennifer L , Garrett Wendy S
Published: May 2024

Preclinical human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mechanisms is one of 5 focus areas of the Challenges in IBD Research 2024 document, which also includes environmental triggers, novel technologies, precision medicine, and pragmatic clinical research. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of current gaps in inflammatory bowel diseases research that relate to preclinical research and deliver actionable approaches to address them with a focus on how these gaps can lead to advancements in IBD interception, remission, and restoration. The document is the result of multidisciplinary input from scientists, clinicians, patients, and funders and represents a valuable resource for patient-centric research prioritization. This preclinical human IBD mechanisms section identifies major research gaps whose investigation will elucidate pathways and mechanisms that can be targeted to address unmet medical needs in IBD. Research gaps were identified in the following areas: genetics, risk alleles, and epigenetics; the microbiome; cell states and interactions; barrier function; IBD complications (specifically fibrosis and stricturing); and extraintestinal manifestations. To address these gaps, we share specific opportunities for investigation for basic and translational scientists and identify priority actions.
Overview to Challenges in IBD 2024–2029
Authors: Heller Caren , Moss Alan C , Rubin David T
Published: May 2024

The mission of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation is to cure Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis and to improve the quality of lives of patients living with these diseases—in other words, to care and cure. To achieve these missions, there is a need to identify and prioritize research gaps and approaches to address these gaps, which is the aim of Challenges in IBD 2024. The Foundation convened close to 80 experts in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including researchers, clinicians, patients and caregivers, funders, industry representatives, and Foundation scientific staff and organized them into 5 workgroups, one for each of the 5 Challenges topics: Preclinical Human IBD Mechanisms, Environmental Triggers, Precision Medicine, Novel Technologies, and Pragmatic Clinical Research. The findings of these groups outline a research agenda that intends to change the research paradigm in IBD by introducing 2 concepts in the course of IBD that warrant specific focus: interception (during the preclinical phase) and restoration of normal physiology after remission is achieved. We hope these reviews will stimulate innovations in our understanding and management of IBD.
Neoseiulus mites as biological control agents against Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Frankliniella intonsa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cowpea crop: laboratory to field
Authors: Zhang Yu-Fei , Zang Lian-Sheng , Guo Ling-Hang , Sukhwinder Singh , Wu Sheng-Yong , Yang Xiangbing , Tang Liang-De
Published: May 2024

Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) have been detrimental to cowpea production in many countries. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the prey stage preference and functional response of 2 predatory mites species, Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), towards 2 thrips species (TS), M. usitatus, and F. intonsa, at varying densities and life stages on cowpea. Results shown that Neoseiulus species had a preference for different life stages of prey. Neoseiulus barkeri consumed more M. usitatus nymphs, while N. californicus consumed more F. intonsa (second-instar nymphs). The functional response of the 2 Neoseiulus spp. to nymphs of 2 TS was Type II on cowpea. The higher attack rate coefficient (aʹ) and shorter handling time (Th) values were found on N. barkeri against M. usitatus, and a similar trend was found for those in N. californicus against F. intonsa. Field-caged trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Neoseiulus spp. in controlling 2 TS. The results have shown that Neoseiulus spp. was effective in controlling the 2 TS, with varying control efficacies at high or low release rates. The study provided valuable information on using Neoseiulus spp. as biological control agents against M. usitatus and F. intonsa in cowpea crops.
Imagining Aerial Surveillance: (Eco)Poetics and War in Solmaz Sharif’s Look
Authors: Eazor Haley M
Published: May 2024

This article considers militarized drone and satellite imaging through Solmaz Sharif’s 2016 debut collection of poems, Look. Drawing on discourses of warfare, environment, and surveillance studies, Look demonstrates the material entanglements of war and environment through aerial military technology such as thermal satellite imaging and drones used for surveillance and violence. Sharif’s poems "Look" and "drone" reimagine the sights and sites of US military surveillance through a reconceptualizing of visuality: Sharif’s multivocal, lyrical "I," her use of punctuation and lineation, and her poetic and military diction ruptures the militant gaze through a centering of the targeted body as present, articulable, and multiple. Utilizing Jonathan Skinner’s definition of ecopoetics as a homemaking, or an act of making-with, this article understands the speakers of Sharif’s poems as preserving both the image caught (the human and nonhuman targets) and the image they create (the poetic body). In these extralinguistic encounters with machines, Sharif’s poetics do what drones and satellites could never truly do: surveil themselves in an intimate manner and make known their own subjecthood as not a faceless blur on a screen but alive and lively in the space of the poem. By invoking the sensorium-sight, touch, and smell-alongside domestic material objects and spaces, Sharif’s poems highlight the peripheral and habitual perspectives, undermining the military’s potent, methodological, and calculated gaze through what is embodied, intimate, and proximate.
Comparing Methods to Genetically Engineer Bacteriophage and Increase Host Range
Authors: Kovacs Christopher J , Antonacci Alessia , Graham Abigail , Jessup Faye , Rankin William , Brasko Brianna , Maguire Fiona , Washington Michael A , Kua Siang C , Burpo F John , Barnhill Jason C
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Antibacterial resistance is an emerging problem in military medicine. Disruptions to the health care systems in war-torn countries that result from ongoing conflict can potentially exacerbate this problem and increase the risk to U.S. forces in the deployed environment. Therefore, novel therapies are needed to mitigate the impact of these potentially devastating infections on military operations. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and kill bacteria. They can be delivered as therapeutic agents and offer a promising alternative to traditional antibiotic chemotherapy. There are several potential benefits to their use, including high specificity and comparative ease of use in the field setting. However, the process of engineering phages for military medical applications can be a laborious and time-consuming endeavor. This review examines available techniques and compares their efficacy.

Materials and Methods

This review evaluates the scientific literature on the development and application of four methods of bacteriophage genome engineering and their consideration in the context of military applications. Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for a systematic review of available literature that met criteria for analysis and inclusion. The research completed for this review article originated from the United States Military Academy’s library “Scout” search engine, which compiles results from 254 available databases (including PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder). Particular attention was focused on identifying useful mechanistic insight into the nature of the engineering technique, the ease of use, and the applicability of the technique to countering the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the military setting.

Results

A total of 52 studies were identified that met inclusion criteria following PRISMA guidelines. The bioengineering techniques analyzed included homologous recombination (12 articles), in vivo recombineering (9 articles), bacteriophage recombineering of electroporated DNA (7 articles), and the CRISPR-Cas system (10 articles). Rates of success and fidelity varied across each platform, and comparative benefits and drawbacks are considered.

Conclusions

Each of the phage engineering techniques addressed herein varies in amount of effort and overall success rate. CRISPR-Cas-facilitated modification of phage genomes presents a highly efficient method that does not require a lengthy purification and screening process. It therefore appears to be the method best suited for military medical applications.
Merging filaments II: The origin of the tuning fork
Authors: Hoemann Elena , Socci Andrea , Heigl Stefan , Burkert Andreas , Hacar Alvaro
Published: May 2024

We suggest that filaments in star-forming regions undergo frequent mergers. As stellar nurseries, filaments play a vital role in understanding star formation and mergers could pave the way for understanding the formation of more complex filamentary systems, such as networks and hubs. We compare the physical properties derived from hydrodynamic ramses simulations of merging filaments to those obtained from ALMA observations towards the LDN 1641-North region in Orion. We find similarities in the distributions of line-mass, column density, and velocity dispersion. Such common features support the hypothesis of filament mergers shaping the structure of the interstellar medium.
#187 Vasorin (VASN) commands podocyte quiescence and glomerular homeostasis. A novel FSGS mechanism?
Authors: Tharaux Pierre-Louis , Dang Julien , Mahtal Nassim , Chaba Anis , Krautzberger Anja Michaela , Siegerist Florian , Kliewe Felix , Delbet Jean-Daniel , Karras Alexandre , Endlich Nicole , Schrewe Heinrich , Lenoir Olivia
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

Podocyte dysfunction and loss of quiescence contribute to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Here, we characterized the role of Vasorin (VASN) in podocytes.

Method

We combined laser capture microdissection and deep RNA sequencing of human glomeruli, RNAscope-based in situ hybridization, immunostaining and mouse models with Vasn-driven fluorescent reporter, targeted Vasn gene deletion in podocytes and cultures of human podocytes.

Results

VASN mRNA is strongly expressed in healthy human and mouse glomeruli with a podocyte-specific pattern. Both global and podocyte-specific, constitutive or inducible gene deletion of Vasn in mice induced a nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure after day 14, with podocyte dedifferentiation and loss and severe FSGS lesions, indicating a fundamental and non-developmental role of VASN in podocyte homeostasis. Furthermore, we measured markedly decreased VASN expression in podocytes of patients with FSGS and ANCA-associated CGN but not with Minimal Change Disease (MCD) and Membranous Nephropathy (MN). We thus wondered whether VASN abundance could be a disease modifier for glomerulopathies.

Mice with podocyte-specific partial heterozygous deletion of Vasn showed no evident baseline renal abnormalities. Still, they showed significantly more podocyte loss, albuminuria and kidney failure than wild-type mice when challenged by type 1 diabetes with glomerular hyperfiltration or CGN experimental models.

Human podocytes transduced with lentiviral VASN-targeting shRNA (shVASN) displayed increased focal adhesion dynamics, resistance to oscillating mechanical stretches, enhanced migratory capacity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Moreover, shVASN podocytes had a higher proliferative capacity, increased cell-cycle reentry and a relative S-phase slow-down. Likewise, transcriptomics analysis found the up-regulation of genes involved in cell metabolism, adhesion and EMT and the down-regulation of genes involved in the S to G2/M phase transition. In vivo, we confirmed that VASN deficiency increased podocyte proliferation in situ and urinary shedding.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the novel role of VASN as an essential master protein that maintains podocyte quiescence and homeostasis during health and kidney diseases while offering a potential new therapeutic target. VASN control mechanisms driving podocyte cell-cycle reentry and detachment and FSGS. Precise mechanisms of VASN functions in podocytes need further insights into VASN molecular partners.