bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a teacher training intervention on teachers’ and students’ motivation to physical education class
Authors: Tenorio Maria Cecilia Marinho , Tassitano Rafael Miranda , Weaver Robert Glenn , Lima Marilia de Carvalho
Published: February 2021

The present study evaluated the effects of a teacher training intervention, based on Self-Determination Theory, on teachers’ and students’ motivation in physical education class. This is a pre-post quasi-experimental study with 4 physical education teachers and 611 students from four public schools. A handbook was developed and teacher training sessions were conducted. Statistical analysis consisted of paired t-tests and general linear model repeated measures to assess teachers’ self-determined motivation and linear mixed effect regression to evaluate students’ motivation. A significant increase in teachers’ and students’ motivation score was observed after the intervention. Among teacher, we verified an increase in self-determined motivation. Among students there were significant interaction time by group in Extrinsic Motivation Identified Regulation (F=5.6), Extrinsic Motivation External Regulation (F=7.41), Amotivation (F=5.32) and Self-determined Motivation (F=4.87). Also, Intrinsic Motivation significantly declined with age for boys (β= -0.151) and girls (β= -0.121) as well as Extrinsic Motivation Introjected Regulation for girls β= (-0.141). Training sessions can support teachers in planning lessons resulting in increasing teacher and students' motivation in physical education classes. However, this strategy was not enough to improve intrinsic motivation during the investigated period.
Autoeficácia de estudantes universitários de educação física: associação com características pessoais, acadêmicas e profissionais
Authors: De Oliveira Vinícius Plentz , Nascimento De Oliveira , Salles William Das Neves , Santos Paloma Cidade Cordeiro dos , Benites Larissa Cerignoni , Folle Alexandra
Published: February 2021

Este estudo buscou analisar as percepções de autoeficácia (AE) de estudantes universitários de Educação Física de uma instituição pública de Ensino Superior, relacionando-as com as características pessoais, acadêmicas e profissionais. Participaram da investigação 246 estudantes regularmente matriculados nos cursos de Licenciatura e de Bacharelado em Educação Física. Os resultados obtidos na ficha de caracterização e na Escala de Autoeficácia no Ensino Superior foram analisados no programa SPSS, por meio de estatística descritiva (frequências absoluta e relativa, mediana) e inferencial (Qui-quadrado, Resíduos Ajustados, V de Cramer). Em geral, as evidências revelaram associações entre as dimensões da AE discente (geral, acadêmica, regulação, proativa, social e gestão) e o recebimento de bolsas de pesquisa e de monitoria (não bolsista<bolsista), o sexo (masculinonão). A predominância de menores escores de AE, independentemente da etapa da formação em que o estudante se encontra e a aparente falta de impacto das bolsas de extensão sobre os níveis de AE discente indicam a necessidade de aprofundar o desenvolvimento dos estudantes ao longo do curso, bem como a implementação dos projetos e atuação dos estudantes bolsistas de extensão na instituição investigada.
The anticipatory and reaction time behaviors of the futsal goalkeeper
Authors: Da Silva Silvia Leticia , Gemas Neto Estefan , Dos Santos Palma Gisele Carla , Sabino Silva Filho Antonio , Corrêa Umberto Cesar
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to investigate the goalkeeper’s anticipatory and reaction time behaviors. For this purpose, 50 kicks performed by male futsal players were analyzed. The time of goalkeeper’s response to a kick was analyzed in relation to the kick outcome, court zone and distance between the goalkeeper and player who performed the kick. The goalkeeper’s anticipation and reaction time behaviors were those below and above 200 ms as the time criterion, respectively, by considering the moment the player began the preparation for kicking to the moment the goalkeeper began to respond to it.  Results showed that the goalkeeper performed anticipatory behaviors predominantly when (i) goals were attained and (ii) kicks were performed in the center and attack court’s zones (iii) at a distance ranging from 5.97 to 7.84 meters. In these conditions, the goalkeepers’ anticipatory behaviors implied ineffective performances.
Somatic symptoms with psychogenic or psychiatric background
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Abe Michiaki , Masaura Atsuko , Tanaka Junichi , Takayama Shin , Onodera ko , Numata Takehiro , Ishizawa kota , Suzuki Satoko , Ohsawa Minoru , kanno Takeshi , Ishii Tadashi
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

The characteristics of somatic symptoms seen at the first hospital visit in patients with psychogenic backgrounds remain poorly elucidated till date.

Methodology:

A total of 277 patients who visited the Department of General Medicine at a single university hospital with somatic symptoms were prospectively enrolled in this study. The eventual definite diagnoses were classified into the following three groups: non-psychogenic disease (n = 128), psychogenic symptoms (n = 131), and mental illness (n = 18). Subsequently, the chief complaints and other background information of the patient obtained at the first visit were compared among the three groups.

Results:

More than half of the patient with non-psychogenic diseases (60.2%) presented with a single complaint at their first hospital visit; contrarily, less than half of the patients with psychogenic symptoms (23.7%) or mental illnesses (22.2%) presented with a single complaint at the first visit. Approximately, <10% of the patients with non-psychogenic diseases had four or more multisystemic presentations at the first visit. The results of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a fair discriminatory ability of the number of complaints to identify patients with psychogenic diseases or psychiatric backgrounds. Almost half of the non-psychogenic patients with four or more multisystemic presentations were eventually diagnosed with autoimmune-related disorders, such as Sjögren's syndrome or Behçet's disease. In conclusion, the general notion that patients with psychogenic somatic symptoms are likely to present with more complaints than patients with non-psychogenic diseases is correct. However, not a few patients who present with multiple indefinite complaints would certainly have organic diseases such as autoimmune-related disorders or neuromuscular diseases. A careful diagnostic process is required in such patients before attributing their symptoms to psychogenic or psychiatric factors.
Viral load could be an important determinant for fomites based transmission of viral infections
Authors: Singh Dhirendra P. , Sahu Mahesh C. , Pagdhune Avinash , Viramgami Ankit , Perumal Sivaperumal , Balachandar Rakesh , Sarkar kamalesh
Published: February 2021

Background and Objective:

Fomites are common sources of transmission of certain infections. Infectious pathogens, such as viruses known to cause respiratory tract infections, are common examples of being transmitted by fomites. However, the load of the particular pathogen on these inanimate surfaces is a crucial factor for the transmission. The current study aims at investigating the load of one such viral pathogen on the surfaces of commonly used materials.

Methods:

Based on the cycle threshold (Ct) values in the diagnostic system using gene amplification for the considered viral pathogen, we categorized the positive samples for high (17 to < 24), moderate (24 to < 31), or mild (31 to < 38) viral load. Five randomly selected samples from each of these category were smeared on commonly used cardboard surface (absorbent surface) and stainless steel (non-absorbent surface). After an observation duration of 90 min, samples from the surfaces were analyzed again for gene amplification using RT-PCR.

Results:

Viral load/titter positively correlated with the viral material on either of these investigated surfaces post-observation duration. Higher viral load (low Ct) samples exhibited higher probability of being detected on the surfaces than those samples with lower/moderate (high Ct) viral load.

Interpretation and Conclusion:

Common inanimate surfaces are potential source of the viral transmission, however the viral load on these surfaces are key determinant of such transmission.
Assessment of nutritional anemia on the basis of dietary pattern estimation among the population of Garhwal Himalayan region
Authors: Mishra Aprajita S. , Lakhera Pramesh C. , Pandey Anjita
Published: February 2021

Background:

Nutritional anemia has its prevalence at a global level. Unfortunately, the developing countries are at more risk due to the unavailability of resources and poor socio-economic conditions. According to the WHO, India has >40% prevalence of anemia, which is a severe public health concern.

Materials and Methods:

The aim of this study was to assess the dietary pattern according to their haemoglobin levels. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the prevalence of anemia in Garhwal population, which contained total 520 individuals (344 females and 176 males). For this a food frequency questionnaire is administered to elicit information on dietary consumption pattern. The frequency of consumption was divided into three levels: ≥ 3 days/wk., 1-2 days/wk. & no or rare consumption. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the level of haemoglobin.

Results:

In the present study, an overall prevalence of anemia was found 34.23% (38.06% in females and 27.61% in males). Results were expressed as Chi-square test and considered significant at 5% level of significance (p< 0.05).

Conclusion:

The overall status of anaemic individuals in the Garhwal region is of vital concern and should be paid due attention for the improvement of nutritional requirements to reduce the prevalence of anemia in this region. The effective measures include awareness about the essential nutrients to be included in diet along with the knowledge of anemia.
Ambispective study of clinical picture, management practices and outcome of snake bite patients at tertiary care centre in Northern India
Authors: Jadon Ranveer Singh , Sood Rita , Bauddh Nitesh kumar , Ray Animesh , Soneja Manish , Agarwal Praveen , Wig Naveet
Published: February 2021

Background:

Snakebite is a common but neglected public health problem of tropical & subtropical regions worldwide. This study was conducted to look into profile, first aid measures, management strategy and outcomes of snake bite patients.

Methods:

This was an ambispective study conducted in the Department of Medicine & Emergency Medicine at AIIMS, New Delhi from June 2011 to May 2017 and enrolled 54 patients. In retrospective part 33 case records of snake bite patients were retrieved and in prospective part 21 patients were recruited. All relevant information including demographic parameters, first aid measures, clinical and laboratory profile and outcomes were recorded in pre made proformas. All data were analysed using IBM Stata version 13 and Microsoft Excel 2011.

Results:

Majority of patients were male, and the mean age was 27.6 years. Maximum numbers of bites 34 (63%) happened in the rainy season and krait was the most common culprit species. Neurological manifestations were most common (70.4%) followed by haematological. Most common complication was ventilatory failure (78.6%), and median dose of ASV was 20 vials. Forty-nine (90.7%) patients were discharged successfully. There was significant association of sepsis and shock with non survivors of snake bite with respective P values of 0.02 and 0.007.

Conclusion:

Neurotoxic snake bite (70.4%) was the most common type of envenomation. Most common complication was ventilatory failure and majority of patient (90.7%) successfully discharged. Sepsis and shock were significantly associated with non survivors of snake bite.
Capacity building of primary care physician working at remote Uttarakhand, India
Authors: kumar Santosh , Das Amity , Agarwal Disha , kant Ravi , Rawat Shivani
Published: February 2021

Strengthening primary care during this unprecedented pandemic of COVID-19 is an urgent demand for public health. It needs to relook into the healthcare machinery and reenergize the much overlooked primary and secondary tier in healthcare delivery to effectively combat COVID-19 and other similar epidemics.

Objectives:

Strengthening of primary care and enhance the skills and knowledge of primary care physician working at Community Health Center/Primary Health Center (CHC/PHC) in context of Family medicine and updating them in recent advancements in primary care management and COVID 19 guidelines for efficient delivery of primary care services.

Methodology:

Director general health services of Uttarakhand was intimated with the aim and objectives of this one-day hands-on workshop going to be conducted at All India institute of medical sciences. All Chief Medical Officers of the various districts had been communicated and sensitized for this noble cause. Total 30 primary care physicians attended the certificate program. This session commenced with a pre-test followed by the lectures, discussions and hands-on skills and ended with a post-test.

Results:

Majority (60%) of the participants were male and 40% were female. A total of 30% had never attended any similar workshop in the past. 45% of them were never exposed to any hands-on training before. Only 10% of them were Postgraduates and the rest were only MBBS (undergraduate). As the scores were not normally distributed, Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test was applied for the dependent variable. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) found between pre and post-test results.

Conclusion:

Imparting continuing medical knowledge to the physicians has proved to be an effective tool in good clinical practice. The success of this intervention can be used to further develop and implement workshops and other training sessions to enhance the skills and knowledge of Primary Care Physicians in similar settings that face a shortage of well-equipped physicians.
Practice of antimicrobial stewardship in a government hospital of India and its impact on extended point prevalence of antibiotic usage
Authors: kumar Shweta , Tadepalli karuna , Joshi Rajnish , Shrivastava Manisha , Malik Rajesh , Saxena Pradeep , Saigal Saurabh , Jhaj Ratinder , khadanga Sagar
Published: February 2021

Background:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern requiring immediate attention. Among many proven measures of decreasing AMR, practice of antimicrobial stewardship is the lowest hanging which can be adapted with negligible financial implications.

Methods:

This is a case record based extended cross-sectional type of observational operation research study conducted at an institute of national importance established by Government of India. Point prevalence of antibiotic usage among the patients admitted in the hospital, on four different days in four different quarters of a year was done to study the impact of antimicrobial stewardship program (AMSP).

Results:

A cumulative 711 patients were exposed on antibiotics among 1396 study participants. There was a significant decrease in antibiotic consumption across the 1st and 4th quarter. The average antibiotic usage was 50.9% (61.75, 60%, 48.4%, and 39% respectively in the 1st to 4th quarter). Among the total number of patients, intravenous antibiotic usage was 47.9% (60.71%, 58.4%, 44.9%, and 34.2% respectively in 1st to 4th quarter). Among the newly admitted patients, the consumption of antibiotic usage decreased from 45.9% to 25.7%. Among the intravenous antibiotics, the top 10 consumed antibiotics were 3rd generation cephalosporin (39.8%), aminoglycoside (14.8%), amoxicillin/amoxy-clav (12.5%), piperacillin-tazobactum (8.5%), carbapenams (6.6%), cefuroxime (6.4%), quinolones (4.3%), vancomycin/linezolid (4.1%), colistin (0.8%), and others (0.8%).

Conclusion:

Government run hospitals can run low budget antimicrobial stewardship program with sustainable impact on antibiotic consumption. For a successful AMSP, it requires change in attitude, commitment, and administrative support rather than a huge financial support.
Scleredema diabeticorum – A case report
Authors: kyriakou Aikaterini , Zagalioti Sofia-Chrysovalantou , Lazaridou Elizabeth , Patsatsi Aikaterini
Published: February 2021

Scleredema diabeticorum is an uncommon skin disorder which is characterized by stiffness and hardening of the subcutaneous tissues located on the upper back and posterior neck. Patients with this skin disease typically experience pain and stiffness on the neck. Scleredema associated with diabetes mellitus may often go unrecognized. We report a case of a 55-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus type 1, who presented with skin tightness on her upper back and decreased range of motion. Scleredema diabeticorum is rare and its treatment is difficult and tricky, as no specific regimen has been instituted to treat this skin disease.
Role of platelet count and mean platelet volume and red cell distribution width in the prediction of preeclampsia in early pregnancy
Authors: Sachan Rekha , Patel Munna Lal , Vandana  , Sachan Pushplata , Shyam Radhey
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PC), and red cell distribution width (RDW) are various blood indices that play important role in preeclampsia. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MPV, RDW, and PC for the prediction of preeclampsia in the early second trimester of pregnancy and to observe its correlation with disease severity.

Material and Methods:

A prospective case-control study was conducted for 1 year in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. A total of 543 healthy pregnant women were recruited, after obtaining informed consent and ethical clearance and followed till 6 weeks postpartum, 43 were lost to follow-up. Out of 500 women, nonsevere preeclampsia (NSPE) occurred in 16 women and severe preeclampsia (SPE) in 34 women. Around 51 healthy normotensive pregnant women were recruited after systematic randomization from the same cohort, who had not developed the disease, served as controls. NSPE and SPE were defined as per ACOG 2013b guideline. MPV, RDW, and PC were measured two times by the Siemens Advia analyzer; the first samples were withdrawn at the time of enrolment and the next sample was taken after the development of the disease, and both samples were analyzed.

Results:

MPV was increased with the severity of preeclampsia, diagnostic accuracy was 69.4%, at a cutoff value of ≥9.05 fl and MPV discriminated controls and NSPE with 50.0% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity. To discriminate between controls and SPE, diagnostic accuracy was 74.6% at a cutoff value of ≥9.05 fl, with a sensitivity of 50%. For control versus SPE, MPCs at the cutoff value of ≥2.085 lac/mm3 had sensitivity 52.9% and specificity 66.7%, and diagnostic accuracy 61.2%. For RDW NSPE, at a cutoff value of ≥11.5%, it discriminated against controls and NSPE with 85.3% sensitivity and 49.0% specificity.

Conclusion:

NSPE, MPV, RDW, and PCs had good discriminatory value with the severity of the disease.
Attitude of parents towards seasonal influenza vaccination for children in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hamadah Reem E. , Hussain Aneela N. , Alsoghayer Najd A. , Alkhenizan Zeyad A. , Alajlan Haya A. , Alkhenizan Abdullah H.
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

The aim of this study is to assess attitudes, beliefs, and behavior towards seasonal influenza vaccination for children among parents in Saudi Arabia and to correlate parental demographic characteristics with hesitancy.

Methodology:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Family Medicine clinics linked to a tertiary referral hospital in Riyadh. Inclusion criteria were: being a parent, having a child aged six months to 14 years whom is following at that hospital, and living in Saudi Arabia. The Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) survey was used for data collection. Demographic questions were added.

Results:

The number of participants was 388. Out of these, 298 (76.8%) parents were not hesitant for their child to get vaccinated. Whereas 90 (23.2%) parents were hesitant. Parental gender and age were the only demographic factors found to have a statistically significant impact on their hesitant behavior. For the influenza season of 2018–2019, 148 (38.14%) children received the influenza vaccine. The most common reason for not receiving it was the belief that the vaccine is not necessary. While 25 (27.78%) of the 90 parents who were hesitant allowed their child to get vaccinated, 123 (41.28%) of the 298 parents who were not hesitant allowed their child to get vaccinated, creating a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0255).

Conclusion:

Despite the overall positive attitude and low hesitancy, the vaccine uptake was low. Improving access, education about the importance of the vaccine, advocacy from doctors, and correction of misconceptions about it will facilitate an increase in the uptake.
knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding diabetic foot care among Saudi and non-Saudi diabetic patients in Alkharj
Authors: Shamim Muhammad , Alhakbani Mohammed Saad A. , Alqahtani Meshari Saeed B. , Alharthi Omar Saud Obeid , Alhaqbani Yazeed Jaber Naji
Published: February 2021

Context:

There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Also, the diabetic foot complication rate is alarmingly high with many patients ending in amputation.

Aims:

To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding diabetic foot care among Saudi and non-Saudi diabetic patients in Alkharj.

Settings and Design:

It is a cross-sectional study conducted from May 22nd, 2019 to April 1st, 2020 at Diabetic clinic, Military Hospital in Alkharj.

Methods and Materials:

Non-randomized, non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from 224 patients by using a validated and confidential questionnaire in either face-to-face interviews or as an electronic survey. All adult patients over 18 years of age of both sexes having type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus were included. The patients who were unable to provide the requested information were excluded.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 49.37 years with 58.5% male and 41.5% female patients. About 58% of patients had diabetes for more than 10 years. More than half of the patients reported some foot problems, while 9.4% have had active or healed ulcerations. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 8.576, 4, and 13, respectively, all statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Our study population has sufficient knowledge about diabetes and its foot complication, and they also had a positive attitude towards its management. However, they were lagging in the practices required for diabetic foot management.
Factors associated with survival in adult people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) in Mumbai, India (2004-2019)
Authors: Acharya Shrikala , Palkar Amol , keskar Padmaja , Setia Maninder Singh
Published: February 2021

Background:

knowledge of factors that affect survival in People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) will help us develop and implement interventions to improve the clinical outcomes and survival in these individuals. The aim of this study was to estimate the survival in PLHAs on ART in the government ART programme in Mumbai, and the factors associated with survival in these individuals.

Methods:

It is a retrospective survival analysis of 28,345 adult PLHAs from 18 government ART centres in Mumbai (registration period 2004–2019). We estimated the mortality rates and their 95% confidence intervals [CIs], plotted the kaplan Meier Survival curves, estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and hazard ratios (HR). There were done for the whole cohort and according to various demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results:

The mortality in PLHAs on ART was 9.04 per 1000 person years. The HR was significantly for those aged 50 years and more at the time of registration (HR: 3.01, 95% CI: 2.37, 3.83; P < 0.001), in those with baseline CD4 count of less than 200 higher hazard (HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.27; P < 0.001), those with an adherence of 80–95% (HR; 5.58, 95% CI: 4.61, 6.75; P < 0.001) and adherence of <80% (HR: 9.37, 95% CI: 7.74, 11.33; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the hazard was significantly higher in those with TB compared those without TB (HR: 3.28, 95% CI: 2.87, 3.75; P < 0.001). Time from diagnosis (per month increase) to initiation of ART was not significantly associated with mortality.

Conclusions:

Increasing awareness about HIV testing and early detection of HIV in those who have high-risk behaviours, prompt diagnosis and management of TB among those infected, and developing and implementing strategies (such as enhanced counselling, telephone-based applications, messages, or reminders) to ensure ART adherence of more than 95% in those on ART will potentially help improve survival in PLHAs in India.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associated factors among health sciences college students, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Makkawy Eyad , Alrakha Almaali M. , Al-Mubarak Amena F. , Alotaibi Hanouf T. , Alotaibi Nour T. , Alasmari Aeshah A. , Altamimi Tahani
Published: February 2021

Context:

The healthcare sciences college students have a lifestyle with low physical activity and disordered eating habits, which exposes them to a higher risk of obesity. Health science college students were the target group of particular interest in this study as they are future physicians. If they are overweight or obese, they will carry the wrong impression to the general population.

Aim:

To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among healthcare science college students at private university in Saudi Arabia. Also, it assesses the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics and risk of overweight and obesity in this population.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare science college students. A validated, structured, closed-ended questionnaire was self-administered through the Monkey survey. All data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

401 students participated, in which 33.4% were male and 66.6% were female students; and the mean age was 22 years. The study showed that 23.7% of participants were overweight, and 11% were obese. The prevalence of obesity was higher among males. Family history of obesity and fatigue were risk factors for obesity.

Conclusion:

The healthcare Science College students showed a high prevalence of obesity and overweight. This is strengthening the need to encourage a healthy lifestyle, healthy food habits, and physical activities to avoid obesity-related complications.
Modified “parachute technique” of partial penectomy
Authors: Ranjan Satish k. , Ghorai Rudra P. , kumar Sunil , Usha Preeti , Panwar Vikas k. , kundal Ashikesh
Published: February 2021

Carcinoma penis is a rare malignancy which mostly occurs after the sixth decade of life. It is managed surgically and partial penectomy is the most common procedure done in carcinoma involving the distal penis. Partial penectomy provides the opportunity of preservation of sexual function and enables the patient to micturate in standing position. The conventional technique of neourethra creation in partial penectomy is slitting the urethra dorsally. We propose an alternative approach to neourethra formation. Technique involves ventral slitting of the urethra followed by suturing which begins at the ventral aspect and continued in a parachute fashion toward the dorsal end. This new technique will help primary physicians and surgeons in providing better surgical results in caring for patients with carcinoma penis.
Perplexity vs Clarity in choosing the right molecular diagnostic techniques for SARS-COV2 detection in Indian setup
Authors: Gogoi Sanjib , Bora Ishani , Debnath Ekta , Sarkar Subhabrata , Jais Manoj B. , Sharma Amarjeet
Published: February 2021

After the havoc created by Spanish flu a century ago, the world is witnessing exactly a similar pandemic situation since the beginning of the year 2020. The unexplained respiratory illness with high morbidity & mortality which started in Wuhan, China and spread across the world was finally termed as COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and later announced as pandemic by WHO. This novel virus SARS-CoV-2 is a new variant of SARS corona virus with high infectivity and mysterious pathophysiology. The major step towards containment of this pandemic is to scale up the testing for SARS-CoV-2 and thereby isolating and managing the patients at the earliest. Molecular amplification based methods such a Real time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), CBNAAT and TrueNAT are the most commonly used techniques for detection of SARS-CoV2. To utilize these diagnostic facilities optimally in the management of the suspected COVID 19 patients, it is of utmost importance for the healthcare providers to understand the intricacies related to these technologies. Thus, the technical details along with the pros & cons of these three amplification-based technologies for proper understanding of these diagnostic modalities for SARS COV-2 diagnosis are discussed herewith.
Comparison of demographic profile, risk factors, and in-hospital outcome in young and old patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Bush Nikhil , Sharma Yash Paul , Prasad krishna , kumar Pankaj , Mehrotra Saurabh
Published: February 2021

Background:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is witnessing a demographic transition with increasing prevalence in younger individuals. Data is scarce comparing various characteristics of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) between young and old patients in an Indian setting. Hence, we evaluated the epidemiological, demographic, risk factor, and outcome profile of young and old ACS patients in Indian setting.

Methods:

This was a prospective observational study, which enrolled 50 consecutive ACS patients each into two groups: younger (≤45 years) and elderly (>45 years), respectively. Comparison of clinical presentation, electrocardiography, echocardiographic findings, conventional, nonconventional risk factors, and in-hospital outcomes including duration of hospital stay and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were made between the two groups. Multivariate regression analysis of risk factors as determinants of MACE adjusting for other confounding factors was also performed.

Results:

Fifty patients in each group were compared. Mean age in the younger and elderly group was 36 ± 4.69 and 61.58 ± 10.69 years, respectively. Male sex, smoking, family history of CAD, hyperhomocysteinemia, and obesity were observed more in the younger population. While dyslipidemia, low physical activity, diabetes mellitus, and history of previous ACS was more in the older population. Single-vessel disease was more common in younger patients while multivessel involvement was more common in elderly patients. Older patients had longer hospital stays and more in-hospital MACE including deaths. By multivariate analysis, shock was found to be an independent predictor of MACE in both groups.

Conclusion:

Younger ACS patients have a different risk profile and better in-hospital outcomes compared to older patients.
Clinical features, presentation and hormonal parameters in patients with pubertal gynecomastia
Authors: Acharya Shrikrishna V.
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Gynecomastia is benign enlargement of breast in male. It is postulated that its development is primarily due to a mismatch in ratio of oestrogen and androgen at breast tissue. The aim of this study was to highlight the clinical features, presentation and hormonal parameters at the time of consultation.

Methods:

All adolescent patients who attended endocrinology department with the complaint of breast enlargement were taken into study. We analysed their thyroid function test, oestrogen, testosterone, prolactin, alpha-fetoprotein, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, beta HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and liver function. Clinical features and anthropometry were recorded.

Results:

Out of 50 patients enrolled, 34 (68%) had bilateral gynaecomastia while 16 patients (32%) had unilateral disease. Mastalgia was seen in 44 patients (88%). Psychological disturbance in the form of depression was seen in 60% of adolescent boys with gynecomastia. Tanner stage B had positive correlation with oestrogen to testosterone (E2/TTE) ratio (r = 0.47; P = 0.034). All other hormonal parameters were normal.

Conclusion:

Mastalgia was one of the presenting complaints in majority of patients and many had bilateral enlargement. Altered oestrogen to testosterone ratio is altered in majority of patients thus may be reason for pubertal gynecomastia.
knowledge, attitude, and barriers of seasonal influenza vaccination among pregnant women visiting primary healthcare centers in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. 2019/2020
Authors: Albattat Huda Saleh , Alahmed Alzahra Abdulaziz , Alkadi Fatimah Ahmed , Aldrees Ola Saleh
Published: February 2021

Background:

The seasonal influenza vaccine is beneficial for both the pregnant women and their infants. It is considered as primary prevention for pregnant women and it decreases the serious outcomes when infection does occur. The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and barriers linked to uptake of seasonal influenza vaccine among pregnant women visiting primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study done in Al-Ahsa with a target population of 410 Saudi pregnant women who attend antenatal care (ANC) clinics in PHCs in Al-Ahsa. The selection of participants was made by using multistage random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection.

Results:

Two-thirds of the participants (66.1%) stated that they were not offered the flu vaccine by any doctor. Sixty percent of the participants (60.6%) show lack of knowledge regarding flu vaccine during pregnancy. One hundred and fifty-four of the participants (61.1%) have negative attitude toward the flu vaccine uptake during pregnancy. Concern regarding the side effects of the vaccine was the most mentioned barrier (80.9%).

Conclusions:

The uptake rate of influenza vaccine among pregnant women visiting Al-Ahsa PHCs is considerably low. In order to improve the uptake, we recommend increasing awareness among physicians working in PHCs of the importance of vaccination, enhancing the knowledge of women in childbearing age about influenza and its vaccine, and emphasizing the need to provide the influenza vaccine as part of routine ANC.
knowledge, attitude, and practice study regarding cholera among the people in Jazan city, kSA
Authors: Ali Eman Merghani , Mohamed Moawiya Badawi , Tawhari Mosa
Published: February 2021

Background:

Cholera is a contagious infection that can be fatal; in spite of this, it can be easily prevented by sticking to proper hygienic measures as well as administering cholera vaccine. However, prevention of cholera is highly dependent on the knowledge and attitude of the general population toward the symptoms and preventive measures of cholera, which is unclear in medical literature.

Objective:

This survey analysis aims to explore the level of knowledge as well as attitude and practice of people in Jazan, Saudi Arbaia toward cholera infections.

Design and Setting:

A self-administered structured questionnaire was distributed via online link to individuals living in Jazan region in Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions on knowledge about cholera symptoms, etiology, and prevention as well as attitude and practices of the responders on this type of infection in addition to sociodemographic data. Data analysis was done through SPSS program version 24.

Results:

400 participants responded to this questionnaire. The mean score for knowledge section was 1.86 ± 0.990, for practice section was 5.07 ± 1.353, and for attitude section was 6.14 ± 2.346, all of them were below average rating. There was statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.003) between different educational levels, with a positive correlation between educational level and level of knowledge about cholera. There was a statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.034) between different genders. Females showed a significantly improved practice towards cholera infection.

Conclusion:

The level of knowledge of the public in Saudi Arabia is poor. Also, the attitudes and practices of people in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia is considered unsatisfactory. Further studies in other regions of Saudi Arabia are highly recommended.
On webs in quantum type C
Authors: Rose David E. V. , Tatham Logan C.
Published: February 2021

We study webs in quantum type C, focusing on the rank three case. We define a linear pivotal category
$\textbf {Web}(\mathfrak {sp}_{6})$
diagrammatically by generators and relations, and conjecture that it is equivalent to the category

$\textbf {FundRep}(U_q(\mathfrak {sp}_{6}))$
of quantum

$\mathfrak {sp}_{6}$
representations generated by the fundamental representations, for generic values of the parameter q. We prove a number of results in support of this conjecture, most notably that there is a full, essentially surjective functor

$\textbf {Web}(\mathfrak {sp}_{6}) \rightarrow \textbf {FundRep}(U_q(\mathfrak {sp}_{6}))$
, that all

$\textrm {Hom}$
-spaces in

$\textbf {Web}(\mathfrak {sp}_{6})$
are finite-dimensional, and that the endomorphism algebra of the monoidal unit in

$\textbf {Web}(\mathfrak {sp}_{6})$
is one-dimensional. The latter corresponds to the statement that all closed webs can be evaluated to scalars using local relations; as such, we obtain a new approach to the quantum

$\mathfrak {sp}_{6}$
link invariants, akin to the Kauffman bracket description of the Jones polynomial.
Лагранжевы циклы Миронова в алгебраических многообразиях
Authors: Tyurin Nikolai Andreevich
Published: February 2021

Обобщается конструкция А. Е. Миронова, представившего в свое время новые примеры минимальных и гамильтоново минимальных лагранжевых подмногообразий в $\mathbb{C}^n$ и $\mathbb{C} \mathbb{P}^n$. В основе его конструкции лежало рассмотрение неполного торического действия $T^k$, где $k < n$, на подпространства, инвариантные относительно естественных антиголоморфных инволюций. Такая ситуация имеет место для достаточно широкого класса алгебраических многообразий: комплексных квадрик, грассманианов, многообразий флагов и т.п., что позволяет построить большое количество новых примеров лагранжевых подмногообразий в этих алгебраических многообразиях.
Библиография: 4 названия.
О гипотезе Тесье: случай логканонических порогов
Authors: Elduque Eva , Mustată Mircea
Published: February 2021

Для гладкого ростка алгебраического многообразия $(X,0)$ и гиперповерхности $(f=0)$ в $X$ с изолированной особенностью в нуле Тесье была выдвинута гипотеза об оценке снизу показателя Арнольда гиперповерхности $f$ через показатель Арнольда гиперплоского сечения $f|_H$ и инвариант $\theta_0(f)$ гиперповерхности.
Развивая подход, предложенный Ф. Лозером, мы доказали гипотезу Тесье в случае логканонических порогов.
Библиография: 21 название.
Особенности торических расслоений
Authors: Birkar Caucher , Chen Yifei
Published: February 2021

Изучаются особенности торических расслоений. Рассматривается гипотеза Шокурова (частный случай которой был предложен МакКернаном), состоящая в том, что для $\varepsilon$-логканонического расслоения лог-Калаби-Яу $(X,B)\to Z$ особенности базы $(Z,B_Z+M_Z)$, рассмотренной как логпара, ограничены в терминах $\varepsilon$ и $\dim X$, где $B_Z$, $M_Z$ - дискриминантный и модульный дивизоры, определенные по формуле для канонического расслоения. Следствие из основного результата статьи гласит, что для торического расслоения Фано $X\to Z$, где $X$ является $\varepsilon$-логканоническим, кратности слоев над точками коразмерности $1$ ограничены в зависимости от $\varepsilon$ и $\dim X$.
Библиография: 20 названий.
Enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal approach in emergency ventral incision hernia repair: a case report
Authors: Nazeeruddin Sameer , Butti Fabio , Herren Gilles
Published: February 2021

The rate of emergency operations for incarcerated and strangulated ventral hernias is about 10–15%, with worse outcomes than elective surgery. A recent laparoscopic technique called the enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal approach (eTEP) was shown to be indicated in elective repair of ventral and incisional hernias, and has a lower rate of postoperative morbidity than the Rives-Stoppa technique, while having the same indications. However, use of the eTEP laparoscopic technique in emergency ventral hernia repair has not yet been reported.
We report the case of a 57-year-old white male, with history of multiple abdominal interventions by laparotomy, admitted to the emergency department with progressive vomiting and periumbilical pain for 3 days. On clinical examination, we found a strangulated incisional para-umbilical hernia with local cellulitis and tenderness in the right flank. Abdominal computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis and showed some signs of thickening of the intestinal wall and multiple ventral hernias.
The patient was admitted and operated on the same day with use of the eTEP technique and without the need for intestinal resection. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5. The main complication was the presence of a seroma diagnosed and drained by means of an extraperitoneal laparoscopy after 3 weeks. Total resolution of the seroma was confirmed at 1-year follow up. Incarcerated and strangulated ventral hernias are still classically treated by laparotomy. This case report shows for the first time that the eTEP procedure can be applied for abdominal wall surgery also in the emergency setting in selected patients. We hypothesise that this new procedure can be a promising approach leading fewer postoperative complications and shorter hospital stays.
Combining Optimization Objectives: New Modeling Attacks on Strong PUFs
Authors: Tobisch Johannes , Aghaie Anita , Becker Georg T.
Published: February 2021

Strong Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), as a promising security primitive, are supposed to be a lightweight alternative to classical cryptography for purposes such as device authentication. Most of the proposed candidates, however, have been plagued by modeling attacks breaking their security claims. The Interpose PUF (iPUF), which has been introduced at CHES 2019, was explicitly designed with state-of-the-art modeling attacks in mind and is supposed to be impossible to break by classical and reliability attacks. In this paper, we analyze its vulnerability to reliability attacks. Despite the increased difficulty, these attacks are still feasible, against the original authors’ claim. We explain how adding constraints to the modeling objective streamlines reliability attacks and allows us to model all individual components of an iPUF successfully. In order to build a practical attack, we give several novel contributions. First, we demonstrate that reliability attacks can be performed not only with covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) but also with gradient-based optimization. Second, we show that the switch to gradient-based reliability attacks makes it possible to combine reliability attacks, weight constraints, and Logistic Regression (LR) into a single optimization objective. This framework makes modeling attacks more efficient, as it exploits knowledge of responses and reliability information at the same time. Third, we show that a differentiable model of the iPUF exists and how it can be utilized in a combined reliability attack. We confirm that iPUFs are harder to break than regular XOR Arbiter PUFs. However, we are still able to break (1,10)-iPUF instances, which were originally assumed to be secure, with less than 107 PUF response queries.
Fault Attacks on CCA-secure Lattice KEMs
Authors: Pessl Peter , Prokop Lukas
Published: February 2021

NIST’s post-quantum standardization effort very recently entered its final round. This makes studying the implementation-security aspect of the remaining candidates an increasingly important task, as such analyses can aid in the final selection process and enable appropriately secure wider deployment after standardization. However, lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanisms (KEMs), which are prominently represented among the finalists, have thus far received little attention when it comes to fault attacks.Interestingly, many of these KEMs exhibit structural similarities. They can be seen as variants of the encryption scheme of Lyubashevsky, Peikert, and Rosen, and employ the Fujisaki-Okamoto transform (FO) to achieve CCA2 security. The latter involves re-encrypting a decrypted plaintext and testing the ciphertexts for equivalence. This corresponds to the classic countermeasure of computing the inverse operation and hence prevents many fault attacks.In this work, we show that despite this inherent protection, practical fault attacks are still possible. We present an attack that requires a single instruction-skipping fault in the decoding process, which is run as part of the decapsulation. After observing if this fault actually changed the outcome (effective fault) or if the correct result is still returned (ineffective fault), we can set up a linear inequality involving the key coefficients. After gathering enough of these inequalities by faulting many decapsulations, we can solve for the key using a bespoke statistical solving approach. As our attack only requires distinguishing effective from ineffective faults, various detection-based countermeasures, including many forms of double execution, can be bypassed.We apply this attack to Kyber and NewHope, both of which belong to the aforementioned class of schemes. Using fault simulations, we show that, e.g., 6,500 faulty decapsulations are required for full key recovery on Kyber512. To demonstrate practicality, we use clock glitches to attack Kyber running on a Cortex M4. As we argue that other schemes of this class, such as Saber, might also be susceptible, the presented attack clearly shows that one cannot rely on the FO transform’s fault deterrence and that proper countermeasures are still needed.
ХОДОНИМИЈА ГРАДА НИША
Authors: Трајковић Татјана
Published: February 2021

Основни предмет истраживања у овом раду јесте ходоним-ски систем града Ниша, који је обрађен из два угла: лексичко-се-мантичког и творбено-структуралног. Грађа је анализирана при-мењивањем неколико метода: корпусне, аналитичке, дескрип-тивне и компаративне, које се и иначе примењују у радовима овакве врсте. Приликом класификације према ходонимским мо-делима, групама и врстама, дата је одговарајућа дескрипција се-мантичких и структуралних типова, а квантитативном обрадом грађе представљена је заступљеност свих група и њихово место у целом ходнимском систему града Ниша. Након овог приступа следи поглавље посвећено преименовању у нишкој ходонимији у којем се хронолошки описују временски одсеци важнији за наста-јање и измене у ходонимији Ниша и даје се опис самих преиме-новања. Циљ истраживања лежи у чињеници да ходонимска слика једног града јесте опис тог града, његовог настајања и прости-рања, али и слика његових становника, њиховог цивилизацијског развоја, стасавања и промена. Анализом ходонимског система до-били бисмо детаљнију слику нишке урбане средине, која би се могла упоредити са осталим градовима у Србији, у окружењу, па и у Европи, након чега би се могло доћи до сличности и разлика у њиховим семантичко-структуралним нивоима.