bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osseointegration of two different phosphate ion‐containing titanium oxide surfaces in rabbit cancellous bone
Authors: Park Jin‐Woo
Published: January 2012

Objective

This study assessed the osseointegration of grit‐blasted titanium (Ti) implants with a hydrophilic phosphate ion‐incorporated oxide surface in rabbit cancellous bone, and compared its bone healing with commercially available phosphate‐incorporated clinical implants obtained by micro‐arc oxidation (TiUnite, TU implant).

Material and methods

The hydrophilic phosphate‐incorporated Ti surface (P implant) was produced by hydrothermal treatment on grit‐blasted moderately rough‐surfaced clinical implant. The TU surface was used as a control. The surface characteristics were evaluated by field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical profilometry, and inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES). Thirty‐two threaded implants with lengths of 10 and 3.3 mm diameter (16 P implants and 16 TU implants) were placed in the femoral condyles of 16 New Zealand White rabbits. Histomorphometric analysis, removal torque tests, and surface analysis of the torque‐tested implants were performed 4 weeks after implantation.

Results

The P and TU implants displayed micro‐rough surface features with similar Ra values at the micron‐scale. ICP‐AES analysis revealed that both the P and TU implants released phosphate ions into the solution. The torque‐tested P and TU implants exhibited a considerable quantity of bone attached to the surface. The P implants exhibited significantly higher bone‐implant contact percentages, both in terms of the all threads region and the total lateral length of implants compared with the TU implants (P < 0.01), but no statistical difference was found for the removal torque values.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the phosphate‐incorporated Ti oxide surface obtained by hydrothermal treatment achieves rapid osseointegration in cancellous bone by increasing the degree of bone‐implant contact.
Long‐term changes in plant diversity of grasslands under agricultural and conservation management
Authors: de Snoo Geert R. , Naus Nick , Verhulst Jort , van Ruijven Jasper , Schaffers André P.
Published: January 2012

Question

In many industrialized countries biodiversity is declining. Although changes in species composition and species richness have been documented for many individual systems, little long‐term research has been done on a regional scale. We compared the temporal patterns of plant diversity over the last 30 yr in agricultural grasslands and nature reserves.

Location

Grasslands scattered over the entire province of South‐Holland, the Netherlands.

Methods

Using data from 403 permanent plots over a period of 30 yr, we analysed temporal trends in species richness, floristic value and indicated nutrient richness and compared these trends between agricultural grasslands and grasslands in nature reserves.

Results

Expressed as 30‐yr averages, species richness and floristic value were much higher in nature reserve grasslands than in agricultural grasslands (an increase of 87% and 78%, respectively), while indicated nutrient richness (determined using indicator values for soil fertility of the species present) was 31% lower. During this 30‐yr period, species richness and floristic value significantly increased in nature reserve grasslands (0.186 species·yr−1). For agricultural grasslands, however, no significant changes could be detected. Restricting the analysis to those plots that were already studied before 1990 did reveal significant declines in the agricultural grasslands, indicating a past decrease in species richness that has probably levelled off after 1990.

Conclusions

These findings imply that the floristic ‘gap’ between agricultural grasslands and grasslands in nature reserves is widening every year. This may have consequences for conservation efforts in both nature reserves and agricultural grasslands. The challenge is to enhance the interaction between nature reserves and agricultural grasslands.
Regional seed mixtures for the re‐creation of species‐rich meadows in theWhiteCarpathianMountains: results of a 10‐yr experiment
Authors: Mitchley Jonathan , Jongepierová Ivana , Fajmon Karel
Published: January 2012

Questions

How does sowing a regional seed mix compare with a commercial grass mix and natural regeneration for re‐creating species‐rich hay meadow vegetation? What is the trajectory of vegetation change of these treatments over 10 yr compared with ancient meadow vegetation on a nearby nature reserve? What factors indicate successful restoration on ex‐arable land?

Location

WhiteCarpathian (BíléKarpaty)Mountains,CzechRepublic.

Methods

In 1999 an experiment was set up to investigate methods of re‐establishing species‐rich meadow vegetation on ex‐arable land. Large plots sown with a regional seed mixture (RSM) were compared with three other ‘lower cost’ treatments – sowing narrow 2.5‐m wide strips of theRSMinto a matrix of commercial grasses (RCG), sowing strips ofRSMinto a matrix of natural regeneration (RNR) and natural regeneration alone (NR). Results are presented for years 2000, 2004 and 2009.

Results

Regional grass species established and persisted in cover and species number, regional herb species established and persisted in number but declined in cover. Perennial weeds increased in years 2000–2004 but had declined by 2009. The vegetation showed a gradual convergence in the direction of the ancient meadow vegetation and the vegetation was species‐rich but a long way from the ancient meadow composition.

Conclusions

The experiment demonstrated lasting benefits of regional seed mixtures, including rapid establishment of meadow species with no perennial weed stage, producing vegetation suitable for haymaking. However, sowing regional seed mixtures is the most expensive method and colonization of these plots by unsown target species was slow. Satisfactory results were achieved by the cheaper method of sowing strips of regional seed mixture in a matrix of natural regeneration or natural regeneration alone, and colonization by unsown target species was the more successful here, although some of this was due to colonization (cross‐contamination) from adjacent plots. The poorest results were in the commercial grass treatments due to strong competition from sown commercial grasses. Overall, to achieve biodiversity goals in grassland restoration it is essential to use seeds of regional provenance.
More than a Dummy: The Probability of Failure, Survival and Acquisition of Firms in Financial Distress
Authors: ÅSTEBRO THOMAS , WINTER JOACHIM K.
Published: January 2012

We discuss three methodological issues concerning forecasts of the outcome of financial distress. First, we argue that rather than using a binary model the outcome of financial distress should be modeled using a multinomial specification that distinguishes between failure, survival as going concern, and acquisition. We also argue for a random rather than matched‐pair sampling technique to better reflect decision making reality. Finally, we investigate the value of using industry‐mean adjusted regressors. We find that the binary bankruptcy model is mis‐specified relative to the multinomial model, that the matched sampling technique overstates model accuracy and that industry specific intercepts have better explanatory power than industry‐adjusted regressors.
A Study of Expectations and the Marital Quality of Participants of a Marital Enrichment Seminar
Authors: Dixon Lee J. , Gordon Kristina Coop , Frousakis Nikki N. , Schumm Jeremiah A.
Published: January 2012

This longitudinal study investigated the effects of expectations of effort of self and spouse on the marital quality of marital enrichment seminar participants. Self‐report measures of marital quality, expectations regarding effort put into implementing what was learned during the seminar, amount of perceived effort, and satisfaction with effort were administered before and after the seminar, as well as at a 2‐month follow‐up. Participants (147 women, 95 men) attended community‐based marital enrichment seminars in 12 U.S. cities. Multivariate path models indicated that larger discrepancies between expectations of effort postseminar and perceived effort at 2‐month follow‐up were associated with less satisfaction with perceived effort. Furthermore, participants' dissatisfaction in their spouses' effort had a negative effect on marital quality while controlling for initial marital quality, whereas dissatisfaction in their own effort did not. These findings highlight the possible detrimental effect that unmet spousal expectations can have. Implications for marital enrichment programs and couples therapy are discussed.
Family‐to‐Work Spillover in Singapore: Marital Distress, Physical and Mental Health, and Work Satisfaction
Authors: Sandberg Jonathan G. , Yorgason Jeremy B. , Miller Richard B. , Hill E. Jeffrey
Published: January 2012

Using data from a representative sample (N = 1,026) of married workers in Singapore, this study examined potential family‐to‐work spillover relationships among marital distress, health and mental health, and work satisfaction. Results from structural equation modeling analysis showed that marital distress was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms, health, and work satisfaction. Health was not related to work satisfaction. Depression acted as an indirect link between marital distress and work satisfaction. No major gender differences emerged from the regression analysis, and approximately 40% of the variance in work satisfaction was explained by the model. Results suggest that marriage‐to‐work spillover is real and costly for families, organizations, and governments.
“Parenting About Peace”: Exploring Taiwanese Parents' and Children's Perceptions in a Shared Political and Sociocultural Context
Authors: Deng Liang‐Yu F.
Published: January 2012

This study explored what Taiwanese parents would educate their children about peace and what children retained from parental teaching, as well as children's reported communication with parents about peace. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 60 parents and one of their children. Based on the perceptions of children, the most influential learning children received from their parents in peace education is the aspect of negative descriptions of peace (what peace is not). Unique findings suggest that Taiwanese parenting about peace focuses more on teaching children personal cultivation and interpersonal harmony than introducing the ideas of international collaboration or universal rights. The findings suggest that the specific macrosystem of Taiwan may influence how parents educate their children about peace. One important implication for family practitioners is the necessity to take into account the traditional cultural values particular to the group they work with and to connect those to peace education when designing programs.
Structure‐Based Rationale Design and Synthesis of Aurantiamide Acetate Analogues – Towards a New Class of Potent Analgesic and Anti‐inflammatory Agents
Authors: Suhas Ramesh , Channe Gowda Dase
Published: January 2012

A series of new aurantiamide acetate analogues were synthesized by modifying its N‐terminal substitution and the amino acid residue. The structure of all these compounds was established on the basis of analytical and spectral studies. All the new derivatives were evaluated in vivo for their analgesic activity by tail flick method in mice and anti‐inflammatory activity against carrageenan‐induced oedema in albino rats at different doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight). All the compounds exhibited significant pharmacological activity with no ulcerogenic liability. In particular, pentapeptides and tricosamers (30 amino acids) containing analogues have demonstrated high potency than the reference standards. These compounds hold promise for further development.
Ligustrazine Derivatives. Part 4: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Ligustrazine‐based Stilbene Derivatives as Potential Cardiovascular Agents
Authors: Deng Lijuan , Guo Xiuli , Zhai Li , Song Yuning , Chen Hongfei , Zhan Peng , Wu Jingde , Liu Xinyong
Published: January 2012

A series of novel stilbene derivatives containing ligustrazinyl moiety was designed, synthesized, and assayed for their protective effects on damaged endothelial cells. The results showed that most ligustrazinyl stilbene derivatives exhibited high protective effects on the human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) damaged by hydrogen peroxide in comparison with Ligustrazine. The stilbene derivatives A6, A9, A11, A21, A24, A25, and A27 exhibited high potency with low EC50 values ranged from 0.0249 μm to 0.0898 mm. Compound A27 displayed EC50 0.0249 μm, which is 30 000 times higher than that of Ligustrazine, presenting a most promising lead for further investigation. Structure–activity relationships were briefly discussed.
Isolation and analysis of natural compounds from silkworm pupae and effect of its extracts on alcohol detoxification
Authors: KWON Mu‐Gil , KIM Deuk‐Su , LEE Jung‐Hwan , PARK Sang‐Won , CHOO Young‐Kug , HAN Yeon‐Su , KIM Joo‐Sung , HWANG Kyung‐A , KO Kinarm , KO Kisung
Published: January 2012

Silkworm pupae have much potential and many applications as a natural medicine to promote human health. However, their chemical components have not been fully characterized or understood. HPLC analysis was conducted to determine the content ratio (%) of individual amino acids in total protein of the pupae. It showed that glutamic acid (18.3%), histidine (14.6%) and alanine (10.2%) are the most common amino acids in silkworm pupae. Fatty acid composition of silkworm pupae oil was revealed by high‐pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy analyses. They contain a high ratio of essential fatty acids, [α‐linolenic acid (ω‐3 fatty acid]+ linoleic acid) (49.0%), and also contain non‐essential fatty acids, oleic acid (19.9%), palmitoleic acid (2.5%), palmitic acid (19.7%), stearic acid (8.6%), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (0.3%). In addition, they also contain antioxidants, quercetin diglucoside and nutritionally important riboflavin (vitamin B2). This study suggests that silkworm pupae are a nutritionally valuable food product and are applicable as cosmetic components with essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and vitamins. The animal experiment showed that alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was significantly higher in the liver of mice orally administered with 0.5 mg/mL of silkworm extract and alcohol than with commercial Dawn808™ and alcohol, indicating that silkworm pupae extracts have alcohol detoxification activity.
Effects of Heating Rate and pH on Fracture and Water‐Holding Properties of Globular Protein Gels as Explained by Micro‐Phase Separation
Authors: Leksrisompong Phanin N. , Lanier Tyre C. , Foegeding E. Allen
Published: January 2012

Abstract:  The effect of heating rate and pH on fracture properties and held water (HW) of globular protein gels was investigated. The study was divided into 2 experiments. In the 1st experiment, whey protein isolate (WPI) and egg white protein (EWP) gels were formed at pH 4.5 and 7.0 using heating rates ranging from 0.1 to 35 °C/min and holding times at 80 °C up to 240 min. The 2nd experiment used one heating condition (80 °C for 60 min) and probed in detail the pH range of 4.5 to 7.0 for EWP gels. Fracture properties of gels were measured by torsional deformation and HW was measured as the amount of fluid retained after a mild centrifugation. Single or micro‐phase separated conditions were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The effect of heating rate on fracture properties and HW of globular protein gels can be explained by phase stability of the protein dispersion and total thermal input. Minimal difference in fracture properties and HW of EWP gels at pH 4.5 compared with pH 7.0 were observed while WPI gels were stronger and had higher HW at pH 7.0 as compared to 4.5. This was due to a mild degree of micro‐phase separation of EWP gels across the pH range whereas WPI gels only showed an extreme micro‐phase separation in a narrow pH range. In summary, gel formation and physical properties of globular protein gels can be explained by micro‐phase separation.

Practical Application:  The effect of heating conditions on hardness and water‐holding properties of protein gels is explained by the relative percentage of micro‐phase separated proteins. Heating rates that are too rapid require additional holding time at the end‐point temperature to allow for full network development. Increase in degree of micro‐phase separation decreases the ability for protein gels to hold water.
Usefulness of Technetium‐99 m‐2‐methoxy‐isobutyl‐isonitrile liver scintigraphy for evaluating disease activity of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Masuda Kosei , Ono Masafumi , Fukumoto Mitsutaka , Hirose Akira , Munekage Kensuke , Ochi Tsunehiro , Okamoto Nobuto , Akagi Naoki , Ogawa Yasuhiro , Saibara Toshiji
Published: January 2012

Aim:  Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, it is important to evaluate disease activity and distinguish NASH from simple steatosis in NAFLD. Technetium‐99 m‐2‐methoxy‐isobutyl‐isonitrile (99mTc‐MIBI) is a lipophilic cation designed for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the diagnosis of ischemic heart diseases, and its retention reflects mitochondrial function. It was reported that hepatic mitochondrial abnormalities would be an important predictive factor for NASH disease progression. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical usefulness of 99mTc‐MIBI liver scintigraphy for evaluating disease activity of NAFLD and distinguishing NASH from simple steatosis in patients with NAFLD.

Methods:  Twenty‐six patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD were enrolled. Clinicolaboratory tests and 99mTc‐MIBI liver scintigraphy were performed. To evaluate hepatic uptake, regions of interest were set at the liver and heart, and the uptake ratio of the liver to heart (liver/heart ratio) was calculated.

Results:  All patients with NAFLD were classified into three groups according to the NAFLD activity score: non‐NASH (simple steatosis) (n = 4), borderline NASH (n = 11), and NASH (n = 11). Liver/heart ratios were significantly lower in NASH than in simple steatosis (P < 0.05). Moreover, liver/heart ratios were significantly correlated with NAFLD activity scores among the patients (r = −0.413, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:  The present study indicates that 99mTc‐MIBI liver scintigraphy would be a useful non‐invasive functional imaging method with which to evaluate disease activity of NAFLD and distinguish NASH from simple steatosis.
Association between transforming growth factor‐β1 polymorphisms and hepatocellular cancer risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiang Tian‐Xin , Cheng Na , Li Xi‐Nv , Wu Xiao‐Ping
Published: January 2012

Aim:  The association between transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) gene polymorphisms and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) risk has been widely reported, but results were somewhat controversial. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between TGF‐β1 polymorphisms and HCC risk, we conducted a meta‐analysis of all available studies relating the C‐509T and/or T869C polymorphisms of the TGF‐β1 gene to the risk of developing HCC.

Methods:  Two investigators independently searched the MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and CBM (Chinese Biomedical Literature database) for the period up to August 2011.

Result:  A total of nine case‐control articles were identified. Five studies with 1825 cases and 2869 controls for C‐509T polymorphism, and six studies with 536 cases and 1496 controls for T869C polymorphism were included. In the overall analysis, no significant association between the polymorphisms and risk of HCC was observed. Stratified analysis showed that significant association between C‐509T polymorphism and HCC was present only in controls with liver disease (T vs. C: odds ratio [OR] = 0.769, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.661–0.895; TT vs. CC: OR = 0.570, 95% CI = 0.412–0.788; TT/TC vs. CC: OR = 0.668, 95% CI = 0.523–0.854; TT vs. TC/CC: OR = 0.717, 95% CI = 0.550–0.934), but not in healthy controls. With respect to T869C polymorphism, only a decreased risk was found in recessive models in controls with liver disease.

Conclusions:  This meta‐analysis supports that the TGF‐β1 C‐509T polymorphism may act in a protecting role in HCC susceptibility in populations with related liver disease.
Cytologic features and diagnostic accuracy of analysis of effusions for detection of ovarian carcinoma in dogs
Authors: Bertazzolo Walter , Bonfanti Ugo , Mazzotti Silvia , Gelain Maria Elena
Published: January 2012

Background

Presence of an abdominal effusion is a typical presenting sign associated with ovarian carcinoma (OC) in dogs.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to describe the cytologic features of effusions associated with OC and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of such features for the diagnosis of OC in dogs.

Methods

Cytologic evaluations of 7 OC‐associated peritoneal effusions in dogs were used to define cytomorphologic features of this neoplasm. Then, in a blinded study to evaluate the accuracy of these features in identifying OC, 2 independent board‐certified clinical pathologists reviewed 82 pleural, pericardial, and abdominal effusions resulting from OC (n = 7), other neoplasms (n = 40), and non‐neoplastic disorders (n = 35). The clinical pathologists were instructed to identify all samples containing papillary structures typically seen in OC and then apply the cytomorphologic criteria determined in the first part of the study to diagnose OC.

Results

Effusions associated with OC contained blood and had moderate to high cellularity, with neoplastic cells arranged in a prominent papillary pattern in which intercellular spaces were not clearly evident. Individual cells were approximately 30 μm in diameter, with mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, moderate amounts of pale blue cytoplasm, and round to oval paracentral nuclei with fine chromatin and poorly distinct small nucleoli. Using these cytologic features to identify OC in the 82 effusions, sensitivity was 86% and 100% and specificity was 57% and 97% for the 2 clinical pathologists. Overall accuracies in distinguishing OC from other effusions were 98.8% and 93.9%.

Conclusion

Based on this preliminary study, effusion cytology from intact female dogs affected by OC appears to be useful in suggesting a diagnosis of neoplasia. The presence of cells with a prominent and uniform papillary pattern in peritoneal and pleural effusions in dogs with appropriate signalment and clinical signs should prompt a search for primary ovarian neoplasia.
The quality of veterinary in‐clinic and reference laboratory biochemical testing
Authors: Rishniw Mark , Pion Paul D. , Maher Tammy
Published: January 2012

Background

Although evaluation of biochemical analytes in blood is common in veterinary practice, studies assessing the global quality of veterinary in‐clinic and reference laboratory testing have not been reported.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of biochemical testing in veterinary laboratories using results obtained from analyses of 3 levels of assayed quality control materials over 5 days.

Methods

Quality was assessed by comparison of calculated total error with quality requirements, determination of sigma metrics, use of a quality goal index to determine factors contributing to poor performance, and agreement between in‐clinic and reference laboratory mean results. The suitability of in‐clinic and reference laboratory instruments for statistical quality control was determined using adaptations from the computerized program, EZRules3.

Results

Reference laboratories were able to achieve desirable quality requirements more frequently than in‐clinic laboratories. Across all 3 materials, > 50% of in‐clinic analyzers achieved a sigma metric ≥ 6.0 for measurement of 2 analytes, whereas > 50% of reference laboratory analyzers achieved a sigma metric ≥ 6.0 for measurement of 6 analytes. Expanded uncertainty of measurement and ± total allowable error resulted in the highest mean percentages of analytes demonstrating agreement between in‐clinic and reference laboratories. Owing to marked variation in bias and coefficient of variation between analyzers of the same and different types, the percentages of analytes suitable for statistical quality control varied widely.

Conclusion

These findings reflect the current state‐of‐the‐art with regard to in‐clinic and reference laboratory analyzer performance and provide a baseline for future evaluations of the quality of veterinary laboratory testing.
Diagnostic accuracy of brush cytology in canine chronic intranasal disease
Authors: Caniatti Mario , Cunha Nazaré Pinto da , Avallone Giancarlo , Romussi Stefano , Mortellaro Carlo Maria , Tranquillo Vito , Ghisleni Gabriele
Published: January 2012

Background

Most cases of canine chronic intranasal disease cannot be differentiated based on clinical examination alone, and biopsy is often required for a definitive diagnosis. Nonsurgical cytologic and histologic biopsy techniques represent desirable diagnostic approaches.

Objective

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of brush cytology in differentiating non‐neoplastic and neoplastic diseases in dogs with chronic intranasal disease.

Methods

Cytologic samples of lesions in dogs with chronic intranasal disease were obtained by brushing over a 12‐year period. All dogs had complete physical examinations as well as radiographic, rhinoscopic, and cytologic evaluation. Histologic diagnosis, follow‐up clinical information, or both were used as the gold standard, and dogs free of disease or with no progression of disease at 1 year were considered negative for neoplasia. Indicators of performance of brush cytology in detecting neoplasia were calculated and included sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio.

Results

Samples of nasal brushings from 138 dogs were evaluated. Of 62 cases of neoplastic disease, true‐positive and false‐negative diagnoses were made using cytologic evaluation in 44 (71.0%) and 18 (29.0%) cases, respectively. False‐negative diagnoses of neoplasia were not attributed to low cellularity, but to the presence of inflammatory cells that masked neoplastic cells. Brush cytology had a sensitivity of 0.71, specificity of 0.99, positive likelihood ratio of 53.94, negative likelihood ratio of 0.29, and diagnostic odds ratio of 188.33.

Conclusions

Brush cytology has good diagnostic accuracy for chronic intranasal lesions in dogs.
The role of aquaporin 4 in the brain
Authors: Iacovetta Christine , Rudloff Elke , Kirby Rebecca
Published: January 2012

Emerging evidence suggests that aquaporin (AQP) 4 water channels play an important role in water homeostasis in the brain. These water channels are most abundant in the cell membrane of astrocytes, but are also present within ependymal cell membranes and in osmosensory areas of the hypothalamus. Water transport through AQP4 depends on concentration gradients across the membrane, but the rate of transport is determined by the capacity of astrocytes to up‐ and down‐regulate AQP4 numbers, their location within the membrane, and the overall permeability of the channel. Other functions of brain AQP4 involve potassium uptake and release by astrocytes, migration of glial cells, glial scarring, and astrocyte‐to‐astrocyte cell communication. AQP water channels are involved in formation and control of edema in the brain and in multiple disease processes in the brain, such as seizures and tumors. There is abundant scientific literature on AQP4 describing its structure, function, location, and role in water homeostasis and edema in the brain. Investigation of AQP expression in the canine and feline brain should be pursued so that clinically relevant comparisons between findings in mice, rats, and people and animal patients can be made.
Effect of estrous cycle phase on clinical pathology values in beagle dogs
Authors: Willson Cynthia J. , Chandra Sundeep A. , Kimbrough Carie L. , Jordan Holly L.
Published: January 2012

Background

In dogs, the diestrus phase is considerably longer than in most domestic animals, and is characterized by high circulating progesterone concentrations that may influence clinical pathology values.

Objective

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate differences in clinical pathology data in dogs in diestrus compared with data from dogs in all other phases of the estrous cycle.

Methods

Phase of the estrous cycle was determined by histologic evaluation of reproductive tissues from 86 control female Beagles that had participated in 23 toxicity studies. Serum biochemical, hematologic, and urinalysis values from dogs in diestrus were compared with data from dogs in all other estrous cycle phases using a 2‐tailed t‐test.

Results

In Beagles in diestrus (n = 38), serum cholesterol concentrations and eosinophil counts were 35% (P < .0001) and 45.8% (P = .0035) higher, respectively, than for Beagles in all other phases of the estrous cycle (n = 48). Furthermore, Beagles in diestrus had 14% lower AST activity (P = .0011), 1% lower chloride concentration (P = .0224), 7.8% lower hemoglobin concentration (P < .0001), 7.8% lower RBC count (P < .0001), and 7.6% lower hematocrit (P < .0001) compared with female dogs in all other phases of the estrous cycle. Urine values did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions

Differences in clinical pathology values between dogs in different phases of the estrous cycle could potentially confound interpretation of data in toxicity studies, which often have small group sizes. Interpretation of clinical pathology data in female dogs should be performed with due consideration given to the phase of the estrous cycle.
Disseminated protothecosis diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog
Authors: Lane Laura V. , Meinkoth James H. , Brunker Jill , Smith Stephen K. , Snider Timothy A. , Thomas John , Bradway Dan , Love Brenda C.
Published: January 2012

A 5‐year‐old female spayed Shetland Sheepdog Mix dog was evaluated for a history of recent seizure activity, progressive hind limb ataxia, polyuria, and polydipsia and no history of gastrointestinal signs. Physical examination findings included conscious proprioceptive deficits, ataxia, and anterior uveitis along with a hypermature cataract in the right eye. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, and computed tomography scan of the brain were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed marked eosinophilic pleocytosis and rare organisms consistent with Prototheca spp within neutrophils and macrophages. On postmortem histologic examination, mononuclear inflammation and numerous intralesional algal organisms, similar to those seen on the cytologic preparation of CSF, were found in the brain, eyes, kidneys, and heart. Abnormalities were not detected on gross and histologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Cultures of CSF and subdural/olfactory bulb, but not intestinal tract, yielded growth of Prototheca spp, and PCR analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed the organism as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2. We have reported a rare case of disseminated protothecosis that was diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog presented with neurologic signs and no overt enteric disease. Protothecosis should be considered as a rare cause of seizures, even in the absence of obvious enteric signs, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic pleocytosis.
A review of foal diarrhoea from birth to weaning
Authors: Mallicote M. , House A. M. , Sanchez L. C.
Published: January 2012

Diarrhoea is among the most common clinical complaints in foals. Aetiologies, diagnostic testing and recommended interventions for specific causes of enterocolitis are summarised. Many mild to moderately affected foals can be managed in an ambulatory setting, while others will benefit from more intensive care at a referral centre.
Surgical colic in racing endurance horses
Authors: Alexander G. R. , Haines G. R.
Published: January 2012

A retrospective study was performed of horses that developed colic during endurance racing, and subsequently required surgery. Fifteen horses met the inclusion criteria, of which 13 (87%) had small intestinal volvulus. Nine of the 15 horses (60%) had a small intestinal resection and anastomosis performed. Post operative ileus, particularly in those horses that had a resection performed, was a common complication. Eleven of the 15 (73%) survived, and 4 (27%) have since raced.
Granulosa cell tumour: An interesting case in a pregnant mare
Authors: Crabtree J. R. , Brennan M. J. , Foote A. K. , Pycock J. F.
Published: January 2012

This report describes the successful management of a pregnant 14‐year‐old seven‐eighths Thoroughbred mare with an ovarian granulosa cell tumour. The mare initially presented with unilateral ovarian enlargement whilst being managed for artificial insemination, demonstrating normal ovarian function with ovulation from the contralateral ovary leading to conception. The mare subsequently re‐presented with stallion‐like behaviour at 3.5 months gestation and ovarian suppression was evident. The mare maintained her pregnancy and delivered a live colt foal at term. Ovariectomy was performed 3 months post foaling and the mare regained cyclic activity 9 months post surgery. The mare then conceived and became pregnant once more. The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges during pregnancy are discussed.
The equine gastrosplenic ligament: Anatomy and clinical considerations
Authors: Hunt L. , Paterson E. , Sare H. , Kearney C. , McAllister H. , David F.
Published: January 2012

A gelding was referred for colic and inguinal wound evaluation. Abdominal ultrasound showed distended, oedematous and immotile small intestine abaxial to the spleen. An exploratory laparotomy revealed jejunal incarceration through a rent in the gastrosplenic ligament (GSL). The rent in the GSL was opened and surgical correction (resection and anastomosis of nonviable jejunum) performed. The GSL was left open. The horse recovered uneventfully and one year after surgery no further episodes of colic have been observed.
Elbow arthroscopy: Indications, approaches and syndromes
Authors: Nixon A. J.
Published: January 2012

Elbow arthroscopy is not commonly performed and can be challenging due to surrounding neurovascular and muscle structures. Three approaches provide access to the various compartments and joint surfaces of the elbow except the proximal radius. Indications for diagnostic arthroscopy include septic arthritis, osteochondral chip fracture, assisted reduction of adjacent epiphyseal fractures, developmental orthopaedic disease and staging of osteoarthritis. Outcome is determined by extent of joint disruption and control of infectious agents.
Melanoma in horses: Current perspectives
Authors: Moore J. S. , Shaw C. , Shaw E. , Buechner‐Maxwell V. , Scarratt W. K. , Crisman M. , Furr M. , Robertson J.
Published: January 2012

Debate surrounding the nature of equine melanoma has resulted in an underestimation of its life‐threatening potential. Contrary to popular dogma, the variable, often slow, rate of growth commonly associated with equine melanoma does not warrant benign classification. Equine melanoma is a malignant neoplasm with the capacity for local invasion and metastasis. A classification scheme was proposed in 1995, but this does not address the progressive nature of equine malignant melanoma (EMM). Additionally, frustration with conflicting therapeutic recommendations has led many practitioners to inappropriately advocate benign neglect. This article addresses the need for a clinically applicable, standardised classification system, provides a review of current therapies and recommendations for equine practitioners, and comments on the future directions of EMM research.
Predictors of Cultural Values Conflict for Asian Indian Women
Authors: Kaduvettoor‐Davidson Anju , Inman Arpana G.
Published: January 2012

This study explored the relationship between the family environments and coping styles and the cultural values conflicts of 110 Asian Indian women. Results indicated that women perceiving supportive family environments had less sex role conflict. Additionally, avoidant and emotion‐focused coping predicted high conflict regarding intimate relations and sex role expectations. Implications are discussed.

Este estudio exploró la relación entre los entornos familiares y los estilos de afrontamiento y los conflictos en valores culturales de 110 mujeres de la India. Los resultados indicaron que las mujeres que perciben un entorno familiar que las apoya sufren menos conflictos con el rol de su sexo. Adicionalmente, el afrontamiento centrado en la evitación y las emociones predijo un nivel de conflicto elevado relacionado con las relaciones íntimas y las expectativas del rol de su sexo. Se discuten las implicaciones.
Perceived Racism and Encouragement Among African American Adults
Authors: Rowles Joanna , Duan Changming
Published: January 2012

The effects of spirituality, racial socialization, and ethnic pride on encouragement in the face of racism among African American adults (N= 201) were investigated. The negative relationship between perceived racism and encouragement disappeared when spirituality, ethnic pride, and a racial socialization history were entered into the regression equation.

Se investigaron los efectos de la espiritualidad, la socialización racial y el orgullo étnico sobre el ánimo para enfrentarse al racismo entre adultos Afroamericanos (N = 201). La relación negativa entre el racismo percibido y el ánimo desapareció cuando se introdujeron en la ecuación regresiva la espiritualidad, el orgullo étnico y una historia de socialización racial.
A Phenomenological Analysis of the Invisibility Syndrome
Authors: Tovar‐Murray Darrick , Tovar‐Murray Maria
Published: January 2012

Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore 10 African American men's perceptions of invisibility. Participants perceived invisibility as an extra unwarranted burden that is accompanied by feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, and anger. Participants also coped with invisibility by finding safe havens within the Black community. Implications for counselors are discussed.

Se empleó el análisis interpretativo fenomenológico para explorar las percepciones de invisibilidad de 10 varones Afroamericanos. Los participantes percibían la invisibilidad como una carga extra injustificada que va acompañada de sentimientos de desesperanza, ansiedad y rabia. Los participantes también afrontaban la invisibilidad encontrando refugio entre la comunidad Negra. Se discuten las implicaciones para consejeros.
Experiences of a Course on the Culture of Whiteness in Counselor Education
Authors: Rothman Terri , Malott Krista M. , Paone Tina R.
Published: January 2012

This study examined counseling students' experiences of a group course on the culture of Whiteness. The students reported changes in their White racial identities that included a new awareness of personal race, racial privileges, and a commitment to antiracism. Course tenets cited by students as promoting learning are included.

Este estudio examinó las experiencias de un grupo de estudiantes de consejería de un curso sobre la cultura de la Blancura. Los estudiantes informaron de un cambio en su identidad racial Blanca que incluía una renovada conciencia personal sobre la raza, los privilegios raciales y un compromiso con el antirracismo. Se incluyen los principios del curso que los estudiantes citaron como promotores del aprendizaje.
Survival on the Streets: Experiences of the Homeless Population and Constructive Suggestions for Assistance
Authors: McBride Rebecca G.
Published: January 2012

This phenomenological study explored the experiences and needs of 11 individuals of the homeless population. Results revealed 5 themes: need for employment, perceptions of needs, perceptions of programs and shelters, coping mechanisms, and perceptions of treatment. Counseling implications for practice are discussed.

Este estudio fenomenológico explore las experiencias y necesidades de 11 individuos de la población sin techo. Los resultados revelaron 5 temas: la necesidad de empleo, las percepciones de sus necesidades, las percepciones de los programas y albergues, los mecanismos de afrontamiento y las percepciones de tratamiento. Se discuten las implicaciones para la práctica de la consejería.
The Basic Heat Transfer and Flow Friction Characteristics of Six Compact High-Performance Heat Transfer Surfaces
Authors: Kays W. M.
Published: January 2012

In this paper the basic characteristics of six new compact high-performance surfaces are presented. Four are of the strip-fin type, including three stacked in a unique multiple sandwich arrangement. One of the surfaces has perforated fins formed by punching circular holes through the fins, and one has wavy fins. The basic characteristics are presented in terms of NStNPr2/3 and f versus Reynolds number. A sufficient geometrical description is provided so that the data are readily usable in heat exchanger design analysis. The triple-sandwich surface introduces some new complications in the analysis of the effectiveness of the fins, and this problem is considered in an Appendix.
Influence of Trailing-Edge Geometry on Hydraulic-Turbine-Blade Vibration Resulting From Vortex Excitation
Authors: Heskestad Gunnar , Olberts D. R.
Published: January 2012

A study was made to determine effects of trailing-edge geometry on the vortex-induced vibrations of a model blade designed to simulate the conditions at the trailing edge of a hydraulic-turbine blade. For the type of trailing-edge flow encountered, characterized by a thick boundary layer relative to the blade thickness, the vortex-shedding frequency could not be represented by any modification of the Strouhal formula. The amplitude of the induced vibrations increased with the strength of a vortex in the von Karman vortex street of the wake; one exception was provided by a grooved edge, which is discussed in some detail. For a particular approach velocity, the vortex strength is primarily a function of the ratio of distance between separation points to boundary-layer thickness, the degree of “shielding” between regions of vortex growth, and frequency of vortex shedding.
Water-Hammer Damage to Oigawa Power Station
Authors: Bonin C. C.
Published: January 2012

In June, 1950, errors in operation and malfunctioning of equipment resulted in water-hammer surges which burst one 9-ft-diam penstock of the three-unit 68,200-kw Oigawa Power Station in Japan. The accident resulted in the death of three workmen and about one half million dollars in damage to equipment and powerhouse. This paper reviews the events leading to the penstock failure and the resulting damage.
Design and Test of Mixed-Flow and Centrifugal Impellers
Authors: Kramer James J. , Osborn Walter M. , Hamrick Joseph T.
Published: January 2012

Procedures for designing the hub-shroud contour and the blade shape of mixed-flow and centrifugal impellers are presented and evaluated in terms of experimental results obtained for impellers designed by these methods. The experimental results in general indicate that these design procedures are reliable. Additional experimental results with varying boundary-layer allowance and some vaned diffuser test results are presented.
Critical Flow Velocities for Collapse of Reactor Parallel-Plate Fuel Assemblies
Authors: Miller D. R.
Published: January 2012

Theoretical formulas are presented for prediction of the flow velocity at which collapse occurs in long parallel-plate assemblies. Beyond the critical velocity the pressure-unbalance forces, developed as a consequence of a small deflection, exceed the corresponding elastic restraining forces, and the plates collapse. Both flat and curved-plate assemblies are considered, and the applicability of the formulas to design of reactor fuel-plate assemblies is discussed.
External Corrosion of Superheaters in Boilers Firing High-Alkali Coals
Authors: Sedor P. , Diehl E. K. , Barnhart D. H.
Published: January 2012

In the past few years, corrosion of high-temperature superheaters and reheaters has become an increasingly serious problem on coal-fired boilers. A type of corrosion that has occurred on several boilers in the Chicago area which burn high-alkali coal is described. The results obtained from an experimental study of the factors influencing the rate of attack and the control measures applied are described.
Operation of Steam Turbines to Minimize Shell Cracking
Authors: Coulter S. B. , Jackson R. L.
Published: January 2012

Some methods for reducing the tendencies toward cracking in steam-turbine shells are described. Involved are improved operating procedures, application of accessories, and improved mechanical design, all of which aid in properly controlling shell thermal distribution.
The Selection of Materials and Fabricating Techniques for the Eddystone Boiler and Sulzer Control Valves
Authors: Chapman E. C. , Lorentz R. E.
Published: January 2012

The Eddystone supercritical boiler, designed to operate at a maximum pressure of 5000 psig and 1200-F temperature, required the use of new high-temperature materials in tubes and stop valves in order to avoid excessive wall thicknesses. None of the materials approved by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for superheater service had the required properties. The present paper describes the high-temperature tests carried out and the welding development which led to the selection of the new materials. The properties of these new materials are discussed. Design features and fabricating procedures for the tubes and valves are presented.
Development Associated With the Superpressure Turbine for Eddystone Station Unit No. 1
Authors: Trumpler W. E. , LeBreton A. F. , Fox E. A. , Williamson R. B.
Published: January 2012

Design, material selection, and testing of the Eddystone 1200-F superpressure turbine elements are described. This unit features a radially disposed labyrinth seal not heretofore employed in electric utility turbines in this country.
A Squeeze-Flow Mode Magnetorheological Mount: Design, Modeling, and Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Nguyen T. M. , Ciocanel C. , Elahinia M. H.
Published: January 2012

This paper presents a dual-mode magnetorheological (MR) fluid mount. Combining the fluid’s flow and squeeze modes of operation gives this MR mount a unique possibility for varying dynamic stiffness and damping. Details on the design of the internal structure of the mount and the magnetic circuit are provided. Simulation and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the magnetic circuit. A mathematical model that combines the behavior of the fluid and the elastomeric parts and takes into account the magnetic activation of the fluid is used to gauge the effect of design parameters on the isolation characteristics of the mount. Experimental results show that in the proposed design, the dynamic stiffness of the mount may be varied over a wide range of frequencies making the mount a unique and versatile vibration isolation device for cases where input excitation occurs over a wide range of frequencies.
Sine-wave speech recognition in a tonal language
Authors: Feng Yan-Mei , Xu Li , Zhou Ning , Yang Guang , Yin Shan-Kai
Published: January 2012

It is hypothesized that in sine-wave replicas of natural speech, lexical tone recognition would be severely impaired due to the loss of F0 information, but the linguistic information at the sentence level could be retrieved even with limited tone information. Forty-one native Mandarin-Chinese-speaking listeners participated in the experiments. Results showed that sine-wave tone-recognition performance was on average only 32.7% correct. However, sine-wave sentence-recognition performance was very accurate, approximately 92% correct on average. Therefore the functional load of lexical tones on sentence recognition is limited, and the high-level recognition of sine-wave sentences is likely attributed to the perceptual organization that is influenced by top-down processes.