bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Suicide Prevention for College Student (SPCS) Gatekeepers Program
Authors: Ross Sarah G. , Pazienza Rena , Rosa Juliana D.
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Background: Linking college students with mental health services is critical, especially now, as many students report increased mental health concerns and suicidal ideation in the wake of COVID-19. The Suicide Prevention for College Student (SPCS) Gatekeepers Program provides student education and training to help link those in need with appropriate services. Aims: This study aimed to replicate and extend pilot study results by examining the effects of the training program across a larger, more diverse sample of students. Method: As part of three SAMHSA Mental Health and Training Grants, the program was implemented across three college campuses over three years. Results: At posttest, those who participated in the program demonstrated increased knowledge, suicide prevention self-efficacy, and decreased stigma towards suicide. A follow-up questionnaire revealed that students continued to demonstrate program gains 12 weeks after participating, but there was a slight decline in knowledge and self-efficacy between posttest and follow-up. Limitations: Attrition at follow-up should be addressed in future research, and reliability and validity of measures should be further assessed. Conclusion: This study provides support for the efficacy and generalizability of the SPCS Gatekeepers training program.
Impact of Surface Roughness Changes on Surface Wind Speed Over Western Europe: A Study With the Regional Climate Model RACMO
Authors: Luu Linh N. , van Meijgaard Erik , Philip Sjoukje Y. , Kew Sarah F. , de Baar Jouke H. S. , Stepek Andrew
Published: June 2023

The temporal trend of wind speed near the surface over land has been investigated over recent decades. A prevailing trend of decline was found in several studies for most areas in the Northern hemisphere, denoted as terrestrial stilling, with multiple causes being discussed. In this study, we focus on the impact of changes of surface roughness due to changes in land‐use and vegetation cover on this variable for western Europe using the regional climate model RACMO driven by ERA5 reanalysis. We conduct two simulations at climate scale, with and without changes in land‐use and vegetation on a yearly basis. We find that upper level large‐scale circulation slowing down results in declining near surface mean wind speed, and that increases in surface roughness due to changes in land use and vegetation cover play an important role in intensifying this declining trend from our simulations with RACMO. However, the trends inferred from the model simulations and ERA5 are not consistent with trends derived from gridded observations database E‐OBS. This could come from the complexity of integrating in‐situ measurements with uncorrectable inhomogeneity to derive E‐OBS.
Inferring the Mean Thickness of the Outer Ice Shell of Enceladus From Diurnal Crustal Deformation
Authors: Berne Alexander , Simons Mark , Keane James Tuttle , Park Ryan S.
Published: June 2023

The thickness of the outer ice shell plays an important role in several geodynamical processes at ocean worlds. Here, we show that observations of tidally driven diurnal surface displacements can constrain the mean ice shell thickness, . Such estimates are sensitive to any significant structural features that break spherical symmetry such as faults and lateral variation in ice shell thickness and structure. We develop a finite‐element model of Enceladus to calculate diurnal tidal displacements for a range of values in the presence of such structural heterogeneities. Consistent with results from prior studies, we find that the presence of variations in ice shell thickness can significantly amplify deformation in thinned regions. If major faults are also activated by tidal forcing—such as Tiger Stripes on Enceladus—their characteristic surface displacement patterns could easily be measured using modern geodetic methods. Within the family of Enceladus models explored, estimates of that assume spherical symmetry a priori can deviate from the true value by as much as ∼41% when structural heterogeneities are present. Additionally, we show that crustal heterogeneities near the South Pole produce differences of up to 35% between Love numbers evaluated at different spherical harmonic orders. A ∼41% range in estimates of from Love numbers is smaller than that found with approaches relying on static gravity and topography (∼250%) or analyzing diurnal libration amplitudes (∼85%) to infer at Enceladus. As such, we find that analysis of diurnal tidal deformation is a relatively robust approach to inferring mean crustal thickness.
Time Series of Electrical Conductivity Fluctuations Give Insights Into Long‐Term Solute Transport Dynamics of an Urban Stream
Authors: Jaeger Anna , Schaper Jonas L. , Romeijn Paul , Betterle Andrea , Posselt Malte , Krause Stefan , Lewandowski Jörg , Riml Joakim
Published: June 2023

Artificial tracers are often used for quantitative estimates of solute transport properties in rivers. However, single‐injection tracer tests give insights in transport characteristics limited to the ecohydrological conditions at the testing time. Series of time‐consuming and laborious tracer tests would be required to properly capture seasonal changes. The present study uses intrinsic diurnal fluctuations of electrical conductivity (EC) caused by discharge of treated wastewater as a tracer to evaluate solute transport processes along a 4.7‐km reach of the River Erpe, Germany. By reproducing the fluctuations recorded along the river using the solute transport model one‐dimensional transport with inflow and storage, this study investigated the long‐term dynamics in solute transport properties. Individual 48‐hr curves of EC were used in the steady state configuration of the model to gain 48‐hr‐integrated estimates of selected transport parameters. Using a sliding window approach in 1‐hr steps along the 2,270‐hr time series of EC the temporal variability of solute transport between April and June 2016 was assessed. To test the identifiability of parameters using the proposed method, sensitivity analyses and a breakthrough curve analysis of selected 48‐hr windows were implemented. With time advancing into the summer, a significant rising trend (Mann‐Kendall test p‐value < 0.05) of the cross sectional area of the channel was observed and attributed to the growth of macrophytes and a significant slightly decreasing trend for the storage rate was found. The presented method is of high value for river management, as promoting transient storage enhances biogeochemical cycling and benefits water quality.
Pesticide exposure and the microbiota-gut-brain axis
Authors: Matsuzaki Rie , Gunnigle Eoin , Geissen Violette , Clarke Gerard , Nagpal Jatin , Cryan John F
Published: June 2023

The gut microbiota exist within a dynamic ecosystem shaped by various factors that includes exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides. It is widely regarded that the gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining host health, including a major influence on the brain and behaviour. Given the widespread use of pesticides in modern agriculture practices, it is important to assess the long-term collateral effects these xenobiotic exposures have on gut microbiota composition and function. Indeed, exposure studies using animal models have shown that pesticides can induce negative impacts on the host gut microbiota, physiology and health. In tandem, there is a growing body of literature showing that the effects of pesticide exposure can be extended to the manifestation of behavioural impairments in the host. With the increasing appreciation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, in this review we assess whether pesticide-induced changes in gut microbiota composition profiles and functions could be driving these behavioural alterations. Currently, the diversity of pesticide type, exposure dose and variation in experimental designs hinders direct comparisons of studies presented. Although many insights presented, the mechanistic connection between the gut microbiota and behavioural changes remains insufficiently explored. Future experiments should therefore focus on causal mechanisms to examine the gut microbiota as the mediator of the behavioural impairments observed in the host following pesticide exposure.
Single-cell transcriptome dataset of human and mouse in vitro adipogenesis models
Authors: Li Jiehan , Jin Christopher , Gustafsson Stefan , Rao Abhiram , Wabitsch Martin , Park Chong Y. , Quertermous Thomas , Knowles Joshua W. , Bielczyk-Maczynska Ewa
Published: June 2023

Adipogenesis is a process in which fat-specific progenitor cells (preadipocytes) differentiate into adipocytes that carry out the key metabolic functions of the adipose tissue, including glucose uptake, energy storage, and adipokine secretion. Several cell lines are routinely used to study the molecular regulation of adipogenesis, in particular the immortalized mouse 3T3-L1 line and the primary human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) line. However, the cell-to-cell variability of transcriptional changes prior to and during adipogenesis in these models is not well understood. Here, we present a single-cell RNA-Sequencing (scRNA-Seq) dataset collected before and during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 and SGBS cells. To minimize the effects of experimental variation, we mixed 3T3-L1 and SGBS cells and used computational analysis to demultiplex transcriptomes of mouse and human cells. In both models, adipogenesis results in the appearance of three cell clusters, corresponding to preadipocytes, early and mature adipocytes. These data provide a groundwork for comparative studies on these widely used in vitro models of human and mouse adipogenesis, and on cell-to-cell variability during this process.
Hepatitis A seroprevalence, vaccination status and demographic determinants in children and adolescents in Germany, 2014–2017, a population-based study
Authors: Enkelmann Julia , Kuhnert Ronny , Stark Klaus , Faber Mirko
Published: June 2023

Children play an important role in hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmission but, due to frequent asymptomatic or mild courses, these infections are underrecognized in routine surveillance. Here, we analyzed hepatitis A (HA) seroprevalence, vaccination status and demographic determinants and estimated previous HAV infections in a cross-sectional population-based study of children and adolescents with residence in Germany 2014–2017, performing weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Of 3567 participants aged 3–17 years, serological results were available for 3013 (84.5%), vaccination records for 3214 (90.1%) and both for 2721 (76.3%). Of 2721 with complete results, 467 (17.2%) were seropositive, thereof 412 (15.1%) with and 55 (2.0%) without previous HA vaccination, indicating previous HAV infection. Seropositivity was associated with age, residence in Eastern states, high socioeconomic status and migration background with personal migration experience. Participants with migration background and personal migration experience also had the highest odds ratios for previous HAV infection. Germany remains a country with very low HA endemicity. The current vaccination recommendations focusing on individuals with a high risk for HAV exposure (e.g. travelers to endemic countries) or severe disease appear appropriate. Migration and travel patterns as well as the endemicity in other countries influence the domestic situation, warranting further monitoring.
Measuring the relationships between various urban green spaces and local climate zones
Authors: Kirschner Vlaďka , Macků Karel , Moravec David , Maňas Jan
Published: June 2023

Urban green spaces (UGS) improve living conditions in cities by mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect. While the cooling effect of UGS seems unequivocal, the relationship between the types of UGS and types of residential areas has not yet been well explored. In this study, we systematically analysed the cooling effect of 71 UGS in Prague, a central European city, on residential areas within 400 m of the UGS. The UGS are classified according to their spatial characteristics (size, shape, and tree density), and the residential areas according to three Local Climate Zones (LCZ 2, 5, 6) typical for European cities. The cooling effect is evaluated using a regression model of the Land Surface Temperature (LST) in residential zones according to the LCZ type and distance from the various UGS. The results show that compact UGS of 10–25 ha with dense trees have the most pronounced cooling effect. This type of UGS was associated with a mean decrease in LST within 400 m of 2.3 °C compared to the least effective UGS type (long with sparse trees) across LCZs. The results of the presented study can be applied in urban planning and urban design to improve microclimates in cities.
The effect of hospital-based health promotion on the health practices of full-time hospital nurses: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Hung-Hui , Lai Jerry Cheng-Yen , Chiou Shu-Ti , Huang Nicole , Chien Li-Yin
Published: June 2023

Many studies have reported positive contributions of health promotion on the health behavior of nursing staff working in hospitals, including the maintenance of a regular healthy diet, engagement in physical activity, performance of routine screening practices, and participation in a health examination. Despite being considered a role model for healthy lifestyles, little is known about the effect of health-promoting hospital settings on nursing staff. The aim of this study was to perform a nationwide, hospital-based, cross-sectional, survey comparing health practices between full-time nurses of health-promoting hospitals and those of non-health-promoting hospitals in Taiwan. We conducted a nationwide, hospital-based, cross-sectional, survey in 100 hospitals from May to July 2011 using a questionnaire as the measurement tool. Nurses aged between 18 and 65 years from certified health-promoting hospitals (n = 14,769) were compared with nurses in non-health-promoting hospitals (n = 11,242). A multiple logistic regression model was conducted to estimate the effect of certified HPH status on the likelihood of performing health behavior, receiving general physical examination, undergoing cancer screening, and participating in hospital-based health-promoting activities. All nurses of HPH hospitals were more likely to perform physical activity, practice cancer screening, receive at least one general physical examination in the past 3 years, and had a higher chance of participating in at least one hospital-based health-promoting activity in the past year (particularly weight-control groups and sports-related clubs) than those of non-HPH hospitals. This study suggests the effectiveness of implementing health promotion on the health behavior of full-time nursing staff in hospitals.
Exploration of KIR genes and hematological-related diseases in Chinese Han population
Authors: Li Ye-Mo , Li Yu-Xia , Hu Xiao-Zhuang , Li Dai-Yang , An Lin , Yuan Zhi-Yang , Liu Zhong-Liang , Du Ke-Ming , Zheng Zhong-Zheng
Published: June 2023

The function of natural killer (NK) cells has previously been implicated in hematopoietic-related diseases. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) play an important role in NK cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To explore the immunogenetic predisposition of hematological-related diseases, herein, a multi-center retrospective study in China was conducted, analyzing and comparing 2519 patients with hematopathy (mainly, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome) to 18,108 individuals without known pathology. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction with specific sequence primers (PCR-SSP). As a result, we discovered four genes including KIR2DL5 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.93; Pc = 0.0405), 2DS1 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.93; Pc = 0.0405), 2DS3 (OR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.41–0.81; Pc = 0.0180), and 3DS1 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.94; Pc = 0.0405) to be protective factors that significantly reduce the risk of aplastic anemia. Our findings offer new approaches to immunotherapy for hematological-related diseases. As these therapies mature, they are promising to be used alone or in combination with current treatments to help to make blood disorders a manageable disease.
Using DUCK-Net for polyp image segmentation
Authors: Dumitru Razvan-Gabriel , Peteleaza Darius , Craciun Catalin
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a novel supervised convolutional neural network architecture, “DUCK-Net”, capable of effectively learning and generalizing from small amounts of medical images to perform accurate segmentation tasks. Our model utilizes an encoder-decoder structure with a residual downsampling mechanism and a custom convolutional block to capture and process image information at multiple resolutions in the encoder segment. We employ data augmentation techniques to enrich the training set, thus increasing our model's performance. While our architecture is versatile and applicable to various segmentation tasks, in this study, we demonstrate its capabilities specifically for polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images. We evaluate the performance of our method on several popular benchmark datasets for polyp segmentation, Kvasir-SEG, CVC-ClinicDB, CVC-ColonDB, and ETIS-LARIBPOLYPDB showing that it achieves state-of-the-art results in terms of mean Dice coefficient, Jaccard index, Precision, Recall, and Accuracy. Our approach demonstrates strong generalization capabilities, achieving excellent performance even with limited training data.
Investigating the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the amount of protection against UV irradiation
Authors: Ghamarpoor Reza , Fallah Akram , Jamshidi Masoud
Published: June 2023

In this study, three samples of commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) in different sizes were used to investigate their effect on the formulation of sunscreen creams. The aim was to evaluate their role in the performance of sunscreens (i.e. SPF, UVAPF, and critical wavelength). Then the particle size of these samples was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy methods. As a result, the size of primary particles was reduced by using milling and homogenization methods at different times. The results showed that the particle size of samples TA, TB, and TC in the ultrasonic homogenizer decreased from 966.4, 2745.8, and 2471.6 nm to 142.6, 254.8, and 262.8 nm, respectively. These particles were used in the pristine formulation. Then the functional characteristics of each formulation were determined by standard methods. TA had the best dispersion in cream compared to other samples due to its smaller size (i.e. 142.6 nm). For each formulation, two important parameters, including pH and TiO2 dosage, were investigated in different states. The results showed that the formulations prepared with TA had the lowest viscosity compared to formulations containing TB and TC. SPSS 17 statistical software analysis of variance showed that the performance of SPF, UVAPF and λc in formulations containing TA had the highest levels. Also, the sample containing TAU with the lowest particle size values had the highest protection against UV rays (SPF). According to the photocatalytic functionality of TiO2, the photodegradation of methylene blue in the presence of each nanoparticle of TiO2 was studied. The results showed that smaller nanoparticles (i.e. TA) had more photocatalytic activity under UV–Vis irradiation during 4 h (TA (22%) > TB (16%) > TC (15%)). The results showed that titanium dioxide can be used as a suitable filter against all types of UVA and UVB rays.
Gas stripping assisted vapour permeation using graphene membrane on silicon carbide for ethanol recovery
Authors: Carrio Juan A. G. , Talluri VSSL Prasad , Toolahalli Swamy T. , Echeverrigaray Sergio G. , Neto A. H. Castro
Published: June 2023

The conventional methods for ethanol recovery in low concentrations from diluted aqueous solutions are limited by the high energy consumed. Therefore, developing a cost-effective advanced membrane process for ethanol recovery and concentration is still necessary. A gas stripping-assisted vapour permeation (GSVP) process was applied to concentrate ethanol by the selective removal of water using hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) membranes. Silicon carbide porous tubes were internally coated with GO-based membranes with an average thickness of 1.1 μm as a selective layer. Dry N2 was bubbled into the feed solution, carrying the saturated vapours to the separation module. The modified GSVP process was implemented to recover ethanol at lower temperatures than direct distillation and close-ended GSVP processes. The performance of the membrane-coated tubes was evaluated as a function of temperature and feed concentration, ranging from 23 to 60 °C and 10 wt% to 50 wt%. Distillates with 67 wt% and 87 wt% were obtained from feeds with 10 and 50 wt% ethanol at 50 °C, respectively. The evaporation energy spent by the modified GSVP process using GO-coated SiC tubes was 22% and 31% lower than the traditional distillation and vapour stripping processes.
Natural products acting against S. aureus through membrane and cell wall disruption
Authors: Kumar Gautam , Engle Kritika
Published: June 2023

This review article highlights the mechanistic insight of the natural products that directly inhibit the Staphylococcus aureus membrane and its membrane biosynthetic enzymes by targeting membrane-embedded proteins.
Improving the performance of β-diketonate-based DyIII single-molecule magnets displaying luminescence thermometry
Authors: Bispo-Jr Airton Germano , Yeh Laurence , Errulat Dylan , Gálico Diogo Alves , Sigoli Fernando Aparecido , Murugesu Muralee
Published: June 2023

Enhancing the effective energy barriers of mononuclear β-diketonate-based single-molecule magnets displaying luminescence thermometry by using 2,2′-bipyrimidine as terminal ligand.
High-entropy solvent design enabling a universal electrolyte with a low freezing point for low-temperature aqueous batteries
Authors: Ji Huimin , Xie Chunlin , Wu Tingqing , Wang Hao , Cai Zhiwen , Zhang Qi , Li Wenbin , Fu Liang , Li Huanhuan , Wang Haiyan
Published: June 2023

Broken water molecules cross-linking structures and increased entropy of mixed solvents enable zinc-ion batteries with good cycling stability over a wide temperature.
Amphiphile desymmetrisation-induced steric relief governs self-assembly pathways in aqueous media
Authors: Bäumer Nils , Ogi Soichiro , Borsdorf Lorenz , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Fernández Gustavo
Published: June 2023

We introduce a new design strategy based on molecular desymmetrization to control energy landscapes in aqueous self-assembly.
The relationship between the local environment, N-type, spin state and catalytic functionality of carbon-hosted FeII/III–N4 for the conversion of CO2 to CO
Authors: Xie Yuxin , Yang Yuning , Yang Wanping , Liu Nian , Chen Xiaohua
Published: June 2023

The carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction reaction catalyzed by iron and nitrogen codoped carbon materials is modulated by the local environment, N-type, and spin state of the FeN4 active center.
A tunable perfect absorber based on a black phosphorus/bowtie shaped cavity hybrid metasurface
Authors: Li Boxun , Wei Yi , Zeng Lili , Liu Mingliang , Wen Ruquan , Zhang Xingjiao , Deng Chaosheng
Published: June 2023

A BP–bowtie–metal (BBM) hybrid metasurface structure, which can control the absorption by adjusting the carrier concentration of BP or the polarization states of the incident light, achieves perfect absorption in the selected frequency band.
Study on depolymerization kinetics of formic acid dimers in binary mixture
Authors: Han Yufei , Wang Zian , Qiao Ru , Cheng Jianwen , Jiang Caiying , Wang Huigang
Published: June 2023

Concentration-triggered 2D-COS synchronous and asynchronous spectra confirmed the dilution kinetics of formic acid in acetonitrile. Dimer, solvated monomer, H-bond cluster, and DFT calculations can reproduce the NCE and concentration effects.
Degradation of selected perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) using AlF3 in water
Authors: Czapla Marcin , Skurski Piotr
Published: June 2023

A novel chemical degradation path of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs).
Influence of N-introduction on the electronic structure and properties of polyacenes: experiment and quantum chemistry in concert
Authors: Dreuw Andreas , Tegeder Petra
Published: June 2023

While N-substitution of C–H in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is often seen as a simple isosteric replacement, we could demonstrate it does have a strong influence on the electronic structure and the resulting properties.
High-performance lead-free quaternary antiperovskite photovoltaic candidate Ca6N2AsSb
Authors: Guo Yanru , Liu Xue , Wang Huaxin , Zang Zhigang , Li Ru
Published: June 2023

Quaternary antiperovskite Ca6N2AsSb with a spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency of more than 32% has been predicted by G0W0 + BSE many-body perturbation theory.
Stereoselective formation of boron-stereogenic organoboron derivatives
Authors: Abdou-Mohamed Amel , Aupic Clara , Fournet Corentin , Parrain Jean-Luc , Chouraqui Gaëlle , Chuzel Olivier
Published: June 2023

Due to its unique shape and charge distribution, exploration of the chemical space around the stable stereogenic tetravalent boron element could open new avenues in early phase drug discovery and in the development of functional materials.
Realizing high in-plane carrier mobility in n-type SnSe crystals through deformation potential modification
Authors: Shi Haonan , Su Lizhong , Bai Shulin , Qin Bingchao , Wang Yuping , Liu Shan , Chang Cheng , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: June 2023

The in-plane carrier mobility in n-type SnSe crystals increases to ∼445 cm2 V−1 s−1 due to the decreased deformation potential by Pb alloying, demonstrating the thermoelectric cooling potential of n-type SnSe crystals.
In situ transmission electron microscopy as a toolbox for the emerging science of nanometallurgy
Authors: Coradini Diego S. R. , Tunes Matheus A. , Willenshofer Patrick , Samberger Sebastian , Kremmer Thomas , Dumitraschkewitz Phillip , Uggowitzer Peter J. , Pogatscher Stefan
Published: June 2023

The paper describes a novel lab-on-a-chip approach that allows the observation of live nanoalloying and heat treatment at the nanoscale.
Cell membrane-specific self-assembly of peptide nanomedicine induces tumor immunogenic death to enhance cancer therapy
Authors: Fan Pengsheng , Guan Yinghua , Zhang Xiaoying , Wang Jiaqi , Xu Yinsheng , Song Benli , Zhang Suling , Wang Hao , Liu Ya , Qiao Zeng-Ying
Published: June 2023

A strategy of cell membrane-specific self-assembly based on peptide nanomedicine is developed to induce tumor immunogenic death in cancer therapy.
Superior stability and activity of a PbMoO4/BiOBr nanocomposite for enhanced catalytic oxidative desulfurization of actual fuel
Authors: Abdelrahman Asmaa. A. , Salem Heba M. , Osman Doaa. I. , Rabie Abdelrahman M.
Published: June 2023

Novel PbMoO4/BiOBr nanocomposites were fabricated via a facile ultrasound-assisted impregnation method.
Strong magnetic exchange coupling in Ln2 metallocenes attained by the trans-coordination of a tetrazinyl radical ligand
Authors: Mavragani Niki , Kitos Alexandros A. , Hrubý Jakub , Hill Stephen , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Moilanen Jani O. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: June 2023

One of the strongest Ln-rad magnetic coupling was attained in a family of dinuclear Ln metallocenes via the trans coordination mode of a tetrazinyl-based radical bridge, with the Tb(iii) and Dy(iii) analogues exhibiting SMM behaviour.
Recent advances in the application of ligands in palladium-catalyzed chemoselective coupling reactions at C–Br, C–OTf, and C–Cl sites
Authors: Ng Shan Shan , Pang Wai Hang , Yuen On Ying , So Chau Ming
Published: June 2023

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the progress in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, with an emphasis on how ligand characteristics affect the chemoselectivity of aryl (pseudo)halides.
Transition-metal-free synthesis of functional 2-arylphenols by an intermolecular SNAr reaction between dibenzofurans and various nucleophiles
Authors: Lin Yueping , Lu Changhui , Zeng Yue , Jiang Huanfeng , Huang Liangbin
Published: June 2023

Shown herein for the first time is the utilization of dibenzofurans for an SNAr reaction with various nucleophiles, including primary and secondary alcohols, aliphatic amines and phosphines.
Paradigms of receptor kinase signaling in plants
Authors: Bender Kyle W. , Zipfel Cyril
Published: June 2023

Plant receptor kinases (RKs) function as key plasma-membrane localized receptors in the perception of molecular ligands regulating development and environmental response. Through the perception of diverse ligands, RKs regulate various aspects throughout the plant life cycle from fertilization to seed set. Thirty years of research on plant RKs has generated a wealth of knowledge on how RKs perceive ligands and activate downstream signaling. In the present review, we synthesize this body of knowledge into five central paradigms of plant RK signaling: (1) RKs are encoded by expanded gene families, largely conserved throughout land plant evolution; (2) RKs perceive many different kinds of ligands through a range of ectodomain architectures; (3) RK complexes are typically activated by co-receptor recruitment; (4) post-translational modifications fulfill central roles in both the activation and attenuation of RK-mediated signaling; and, (5) RKs activate a common set of downstream signaling processes through receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs). For each of these paradigms, we discuss key illustrative examples and also highlight known exceptions. We conclude by presenting five critical gaps in our understanding of RK function.
Finite‐time tracking control of disturbed non‐holonomic systems with input saturation and state constraints: Theory and experiment
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Wu Kang , Wu Yuqiang
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the finite‐time tracking control problem for disturbed non‐holonomic systems with input saturation and state constraints. Input saturation is ensured by utilizing saturated state feedback and designing auxiliary variables. A rigorous design procedure, which combines barrier Lyapunov function‐based backstepping and neural networks, is introduced to satisfy state constraints and overcome the influence of lumped disturbances. A finite‐time filter is developed to address the explosion of complexity problem. Together with relay switching, the designed saturated controller guarantees that the tracking errors converge to arbitrarily small neighbourhoods around zero within a finite time. Stability analysis indicates that all closed‐loop system signals maintain bounded, and the desired input and state constraints are not violated throughout the control process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, simulation and experimental results on a wheeled mobile robot are presented.
A novel gamut expansion method based on combined global–local mapping for sRGB‐to‐ProPhoto conversion
Authors: Li Huailin , Liu Qinsen , Sun Bangyong , Liu Mengnan
Published: June 2023

With the development of display technology, more displays can cover the wider gamut, but most of the content they show is based on a small gamut. It is significant to employ gamut expansion (GE) to expand the small gamut images to a wider target gamut. Most of the existing GE methods only use global or local operations to realize the mapping from small gamut to wide gamut. However, the utilization of both global information and local feature is important for GE. In this article, the authors propose a combined global‐local gamut expansion network (G‐LGENet) for mapping the input standard RGB (sRGB) images to wider ProPhoto RGB space. In G‐LGENet, the global colour mapping module first extracts and fuses the global colour priors and learns the mapping of colour information for the corresponding pixels. And then, the local enhancement (LE) is designed to extract the local colour information between the corresponding pixel and neighbourhood pixels. The experimental results on a sRGB‐to‐ProPhoto dataset have demonstrated that the proposed G‐LGENet outperforms the other excellent GE methods qualitatively and visually.
Dense gas and star formation in the outer Milky Way
Authors: Braine J. , Sun Y. , Shimajiri Y. , van der Tak F. F. S. , Fang M. , André Ph. , Chen H. , Gao Y.
Published: June 2023

We present maps and spectra of the HCN(1−0) and HCO+(1−0) lines in the extreme outer Galaxy, at galactocentric radii between 14 and 22 kpc, with the 13.7 m Delingha telescope. The nine molecular clouds were selected from a CO/13CO survey of the outer quadrants. The goal is to better understand the structure of molecular clouds in these poorly studied subsolar metallicity regions and the relation with star formation. The lines are all narrow, less than 2 km s−1 at half power, enabling the detection of the HCN hyperfine structure in the stronger sources and allowing us to observationally test hyperfine collision rates. The hyperfine line ratios show that the HCN emission is optically thin with column densities estimated at N(HCN) ≈ 3 × 1012 cm−2. The HCO+ emission is approximately twice as strong as the HCN (taken as the sum of all components), in contrast with the inner Galaxy and nearby galaxies where they are similarly strong. For an abundance ratio χHCN/χHCO+ = 3, this requires a relatively low-density solution for the dense gas, with n(H2) ~ 103−104 cm−3. The 12CO/13CO line ratios are similar to solar neighborhood values, which are roughly 7.5, despite the low 13CO abundance expected at such large radii. The HCO+/CO and HCO+/13CO integrated intensity ratios are also standard at about 1/35 and one-fifth, respectively. The HCN is weak compared to the CO emission, with HCN/CO ~ 1 /70 even after summing all hyperfine components. In low-metallicity galaxies, the HCN deficit is attributed to a low [N/O] abundance ratio; however, in the outer disk clouds, it may also be due to a low-volume density. At the parsec scales observed here, the correlation between star formation, as traced by 24 μm emission as is standard in extragalactic work, and dense gas via the HCN or HCO+ emission is poor, perhaps due to the lack of dynamic range. We find that the lowest dense gas fractions are in the sources at high galactic latitude (b > 2°, h ≳ 300 pc above the plane), possibly due to lower pressure.
Expectations for time-delay measurements in active galactic nuclei with the Vera Rubin Observatory
Authors: Czerny Bozena , Panda Swayamtrupta , Prince Raj , Kumar Jaiswal Vikram , Zajaček Michal , Martinez Aldama Mary Loli , Kozłowski Szymon , Kovacevic Andjelka B. , Ilic Dragana , Popović Luka Č. , Pozo Nuñez Francisco , Hönig Sebastian F. , Brandt William N.
Published: June 2023

Context. The Vera Rubin Observatory will provide an unprecedented set of time-dependent observations of the sky. The planned Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), operating for ten years, will provide dense light curves for thousands of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in deep drilling fields (DDFs) and less dense light curves for millions of AGN from the main survey (MS).

Aims. We model the prospects for measuring the time delays for the AGN emission lines with respect to the continuum, using these data.

Methods. We modeled the artificial light curves using the Timmer-König algorithm. We used the exemplary cadence to sample them (one for the MS and one for the DDF), we supplement light curves with the expected contamination by the strong emission lines (Hβ, Mg II, and CIV, as well as with Fe II pseudo-continuum and the starlight). We chose suitable photometric bands that are appropriate for the redshift and compared the assumed line time-delay with the recovered time delay for 100 statistical realizations of the light curves.

Results. We show that time delays for emission lines can be well measured from the main survey for the bright tail of the quasar distribution (about 15% of all sources) with an accuracy within 1σ error. For the DDF, the results for fainter quasars are also reliable when the entire ten years of data are used. There are also some prospects to measure the time delays for the faintest quasars at the lowest redshifts from the first two years of data, and possibly even from the first season. The entire quasar population will allow us to obtain results of apparently high accuracy, but in our simulations, we see a systematic offset between the assumed and recovered time delay that depends on the redshift and source luminosity. This offset will not disappear even in the case of large statistics. This problem might affect the slope of the radius-luminosity relation and cosmological applications of quasars if no simulations are performed that correct for these effects.
VLBI imaging of high-redshift galaxies and protoclusters at low radio frequencies with the International LOFAR Telescope
Authors: Cordun C. M. , Timmerman R. , Miley G. K. , van Weeren R. J. , Sweijen F. , Morabito L. K. , Röttgering H. J. A.
Published: June 2023

It is generally known that luminous, ultra-steep spectrum radio sources are preferentially associated with massive galaxies at high redshifts. In this paper, we describe a pilot project directed at such objects to demonstrate the feasibility and importance of using the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) data to study the most distant massive galaxies undergoing formation and protoclusters. We successfully imaged four high-redshift (z > 2), high-luminosity radio galaxies with sub-arcsecond resolution, at 144 MHz, using the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT). Our targets were 4C 41.17, which we dubbed “the Anthill” galaxy (z = 3.8), as well as B2 0902+34 (z = 3.4), 4C 34.34 (z = 2.4), and 4C 43.15 (z = 2.5). We mapped their low-frequency morphologies and the spatial distributions of their low-frequency spectral indices and then compared these results with the available optical, infrared, and X-ray images. Both for the Anthill at z = 3.8 and B2 0902+34 at z = 3.4, the location of the steepest radio emission coincides with the Lyα–emitting ionized gas halo. Our pilot project demonstrates that thanks to its outstanding sensitivity and high angular resolution at low frequencies, the ILT is a unique facility for studying the co-evolution and interaction of massive galaxies, galaxy clusters, and supermassive black holes in the early Universe.
Study on breaks in the office environment: Impact of worker attributes on break behaviours, consciousness and wellness
Authors: Fukumitsu Shinya , Hayashi Tatsuya
Published: June 2023

The primary purpose of this study is to quantitatively clarify the effect of worker attributes on break behaviours, consciousness, and wellness in office environments. No studies have systematically examined how worker attributes including organizational climate influence break behaviours and consciousness, and how break behaviours and consciousness affect wellness. This study revealed the following points. 1. Organizational climate has an influence on break behaviours and consciousness and wellness. 2. Break behaviours and consciousness have an influence on break satisfaction and wellness. In summary, organizational climate is important to improve the wellness of workers. In addition, an office environment that induces various actions is also important at the same time.
Integrating Logis Regression and XGBoost to Construct Indoor Air Quality Improvement Research
Authors: Chen Chen Cheng , Chien Chen Wei
Published: June 2023

In the face of the severe global epidemic, indoor architectural space has become one of the critical issues, and the construction of a new type of “built environment” while solving “health and epidemic prevention” has become the goal of active development in countries around the world (SDGs & Pandemic Response); Pollutant concentration, optimization of indoor heat and humidity environment, and release of indoor environmental monitoring data, etc. It can not only protect the short-term needs of building users but also provide long-term health protection for building users and ultimately achieve the purpose of physical and mental health of building users. This study uses GIA-K007-12 Air Box to collect “environmental characteristics” variables; IAQ, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, TVOC, HCHO, Fungi index, TEMP, and HUMD are input variables for XGBOOST, using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 performs statistical analysis, modelling and using PYTHON to simulate the accuracy of the building fresh air system model and the decision ranking of essential factors. The test results are based on the XGBOOST decision tree. The accuracy value reaches 94.24%, and the order of critical environmental factors for the indoor fresh air system is PM1, HCHO, IAQ, Fungi index, TVOC, etc. The research results can provide the basis for constructing a teaching space for epidemic prevention and demonstrate that the establishment of an “air quality control platform that can be calculated in real-time” can improve the environmental health awareness (EHL) of stakeholders and provide for future development of epidemic prevention space planning and design in the post-epidemic era Reference and application of operation management.
Characteristics of thermal comfort in the offices of North-East India
Authors: Singh Manoj Kumar , Ooka Ryozo , Rijal Hom B. , Kumar Sanjay
Published: June 2023

In the context of climate change and global warming, the nexus between energy and buildings is self-explanatory. As per the ministry of statistics and program implementation, Govt. of India data, the primary energy consumption in the building sector is 37% of total primary energy consumption and about 24% to total CO2 emissions. It is evident from the research that thermal comfort, energy efficiency in buildings and sustainable architecture are interlinked and interdependent. The present study is carried out in the Naturally ventilated offices of North-East India at three representative locations i.e., Tezpur, Imphal and Shillong, from warm and humid, Cool and humid and Cold and cloudy climates, respectively. Year-long thermal comfort surveys were carried out in 81 naturally ventilated office buildings, collecting 2326 samples spread over three locations from July 2016 to June 2017. Data analysis shows that neutral temperature through regression analysis is 26.4°C, 24.7°C, and 23.4°C for Tezpur, Imphal and Shillong, respectively. Preferred temperature and relative humidity in Tezpur, Imphal and Shillong offices are 24°C, 23.5 °C and 22 °C and 55%, 55% and 63%, respectively. Probit analysis showed that occupants are more adaptive toward the warmer side of the thermal sensation scale.
Performance of mitigation measures on emitted droplets in dental atomization procedure
Authors: Li Xiujie , Mak Cheuk Ming , Wong Hai Ming
Published: June 2023

Cross-infection risk induced by dental-related droplets and aerosol particles has challenged service providers and patients alike. The dental clinic has been widely treated as one of the most vulnerable healthcare organizations with a high exposure risk to infection. The present study aims to investigate the effect of high-volume evacuation (HVE) on the emitted droplets and aerosol particles during dental atomization procedures. Ultrasonic scaling, one type of atomization procedure, is performed in the dental clinic. The laser light scattering method is employed to visualize the immediate moment with and without the cooperation of HVE on ultrasonic scaling. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition analysis is employed to investigate the turbulent flow characteristics. The previous hypothesis about the moderate performance of HVE on tiny high-velocity droplets has been proven in the present study. The HVE can be characterized as significantly low-threshold measures to reduce the contaminated region. Besides, a pair of vortexes presented near the facial region of dental professionals will be eliminated when cooperating with HVE. The HVE can significantly reduce the emitted droplets (about 60%) and the airborne lifetime of suspended particles. HVE acting as additional mitigation measures could augment traditional/primary decontamination strategies such as ventilation and personal protective equipment.
Indoor temperature, humidity, and microorganisms in traditional and modern houses in Japan
Authors: Kokubo Makoto , Ogura Daisuke , Nakajima Makiko , Maruyama Fumito , Fujiyoshi So , Noda Jun , Fujieda Ayako
Published: June 2023

Microorganisms in our living environment may affect human health. Microbial suppression by air cleaners and disinfecting agents may provide protection from pathogenic materials. However, excessive microbial suppression can negatively affect human health; thus, an appropriate level of microbiome control is beneficial. It is not well understood how physical environmental conditions, such as temperature and relative humidity, and human lifestyles and behaviors affect indoor microorganisms. To understand the relationship between physical environmental conditions and microbial communities in the human living environment, we measured temperature and relative humidity and collected microbial samples in modern and traditional Japanese houses. In this study, bacteria and fungi were the target microorganisms. In both houses, the DNA concentration of microorganisms on floor surfaces was high when the average relative humidity of the room was high. The same tendency was observed for the beam and pillar surfaces in the traditional house. Although more careful consideration is needed for some indoor surfaces, such as storage ceilings and air conditioner outlets, seasonal changes in relative humidity and DNA concentrations of microorganisms on indoor surfaces exhibit some correlation.
Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms considering Spatial Effects Assessment for Indoor Personal Thermal Comfort in Air-Conditioned Workplace
Authors: Ahmad Syafiq Asyraff , Zaki Sheikh Ahmad , Azizan Azizul , Md Taib Noor Syazwanee
Published: June 2023

Personal comfort models were developed to circumvent most of the constraints imposed by the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and present adaptive models, which consider the average response of a large population. Although there has been a lot of research into new input features for personal comfort models, the spatial data of the building, such as windows, doors, furniture, walls, fans, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, (the location of its occupants with those elements), have not been thoroughly examined. This paper investigates the impact of the spatial parameter in predicting personal indoor thermal comfort using various machine learning approaches in air-conditioning offices under hot and humid climates. The Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbour, and Neural Network were trained using a field study dataset that was done in nineteen office spaces yielding 628 samples from 42 occupants. The dataset is divided randomly into training and testing datasets, with a ratio of 80% and 20%. This study examines how well machine learning predicts personal thermal comfort with spatial data compared to without spatial data; where the spatial parameters have shown a significant influence on model prediction accuracies, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The result shows the average MAE is decreased by 10.6% with the Random Forest (RF) getting the most MAE reduction by 23.8%. Meanwhile, the average RMSE is reduced by 11.8% with the RF giving the most RMSE cutback by 30.6%. Consequently, the spatial effect analysis also determines which area of the room has cold or heat clusters area that affects thermal comfort that contributes to the design of sustainable buildings.