bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm in an Adolescent Patient With Untreated Crohn's Disease
Authors: Hernández Benabe Stefany , Leeman Rachel , Brady Ann C. , Hirzel Alicia , Langshaw Amber H.
Published: March 2020

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rarely diagnosed in pediatric patients. We present a 16-year-old adolescent boy with severe Crohn's disease who was not on maintenance medication for his underlying diagnosis. He was referred for nutritional optimization and small bowel obstruction. An emergent laparoscopic ileocecectomy with primary ileocolonic anastomosis was carried out secondary to acute peritonitis. Small bowel pathologic findings were consistent with Crohn's disease with low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) of the appendix.
Cholestatic Hepatitis as a Possible Paraneoplastic Syndrome of Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Wade Francis Gerald , Odufalu Florence-Damilola , Prather Charlene , Marsicano Elizabeth
Published: March 2020

Cholestatic hepatitis has not been reported as a paraneoplastic syndrome of endometrial adenocarcinoma to our knowledge. We present a patient who, shortly after endometrial adenocarcinoma diagnosis, presented with elevated liver chemistries in the setting of an acute, paraneoplastic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Infectious, autoimmune, pharmacologic, malignant, metabolic, and structural causes of cholestatic hepatitis were screened for and ruled out. Our patient was diagnosed with simultaneous cholestatic hepatitis and acute sensorimotor polyneuropathy as possible paraneoplastic syndromes of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Clinicians should include paraneoplastic processes of cancer in the differential diagnosis for liver injury, especially when workup for alternative causes is unrevealing.
Utilidad del test de TSH recombinante en el seguimiento de pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides según los resultados de tiroglobulina basal
Authors: Sandúa Amaia , Macías Mónica , Perdomo Carolina , Galofre Juan Carlos , Ferrer Roser , Alegre Estibaliz , González Álvaro
Published: March 2020

Introducción

La tiroglobulina (Tg) es el test de referencia en el seguimiento del cáncer diferenciado de tiroides (CTD). La detección de Tg se puede mejorar mediante el empleo de hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH) humana recombinante (rhTSH). El objeto del presente estudio es evaluar la utilidad de las pruebas de estimulación con rhTSH cuando se emplean tests de Tg de alta sensibilidad.

Métodos

Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los resultados de 181 tests de rhTSH realizados a 114 pacientes con CTD con autoanticuerpos antitiroglobulina (anti-Tg) negativos. Se realizaron estudios de imagen a todos los pacientes. Los niveles de Tg y anti-Tg se midieron mediante inmunoensayos específicos.

Resultados

La estimulación de RhTSH en pacientes con concentraciones basales de Tg (b-Tg) inferiores a 0.2 ng/mL siempre resultó en concentraciones de Tg estimulada por rhTSH (s-Tg) inferiores a 1.0 ng/mL y sin enfermedad estructural. De los 30 pacientes que presentaron concentraciones de b-Tg entre 0.2 y 1.0 ng/mL, solo un paciente mostró valores de s-Tg indicativos de respuesta bioquímica incompleta. Los pacientes con estudios de imagen negativos presentaron menores concentraciones de s-Tg, que aquellos con hallazgos inespecíficos o anormales (p < 0.05). El análisis de curvas ROC de s-Tg para la detección de alteraciones en los estudios de imagen arrojó un área bajo la curva (AUC) de 0.763 (p < 0.05). Con un punto de corte de s-Tg de 0.85 ng/mL, la sensibilidad fue del 100%, descendiendo al 96.15% cuando el punto de corte de s-Tg se estableció en 2 ng/mL.

Conclusiones

El test de estimulación con rhTSH es útil para los pacientes con CTD con niveles de b-Tg iguales o superiores a 0.2 ng/mL.
Utilidad clínica de la biopsia líquida para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de los pacientes con CPNM y EML4-ALK
Authors: Sánchez-Herrero Estela , Provencio Mariano , Romero Atocha
Published: March 2020

Introducción

Entre el 3 y el 7% de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón no microcítico (CPNM) presentan reordenamientos genómicos en el gen de la cinasa del linfoma anaplásico (ALK). La detección de esta alteración es crucial, ya que los pacientes con CPNM ALK- positivos se benefician clínicamente de los inhibidores de ALK, mejorando su calidad de vida y supervivencia global (SG), frente a la quimioterapia estándar.

Contenido

En la práctica clínica habitual, las mutaciones de ALK se detectan mediante una biopsia de tejido blando. No obstante, la disponibilidad de tejido tumoral se ve comprometida en los pacientes con CPNM a causa de posibles complicaciones quirúrgicas o de la inaccesibilidad del tumor. Además, la calidad y heterogeneidad del ADN pueden dificultar el análisis de las biopsias. Estas limitaciones se pueden superar mediante el uso de las biopsias líquidas, que es un método no invasivo de caracterización molecular del tumor. En el presente artículo, revisamos la tecnología actualmente disponible para la realización de pruebas no invasivas de ALK en los pacientes con CPNM, basadas en el análisis del ADN tumoral circulante (ctDNA), ARN tumoral circulante (ctRNA), células tumorales circulantes (CTC), plaquetas educadas por el tumor (TEP) y vesículas extracelulares (VE) como los exosomas.

Resumen y perspectivas

La caracterización molecular no invasiva del tumor es esencial a la hora de mejorar los resultados clínicos y la calidad de vida de los pacientes con CPNM con tumores positivos para la translocación de ALK.
Ultrafast and highly capture of U(VI) by hierarchical mesoporous carbon
Authors: Guo Han , Li Ying , Wang Huihui , Zhang Ning , Ishag Alhadi , Mei Peng , Alsulami Hamed , Alhodaly Mohammed Sh. , Sun Yubing
Published: March 2020

In this study, the hierarchical mesoporous carbon (HMC) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The batch adsorption experiments showed that HMC exhibited the ultrafast equilibrium fate (80 % U(VI) capture efficiency within 5 min), high UO2
2+ capture capacity (210 mg/g, pH = 4.5) and well recyclability. The investigations of XPS techniques indicated the oxygen-containing functional groups were responsible for high efficient UO2
2+ adsorption. The pH-dependent adsorption was simulated by three surface complexation modellings, revealing that UO2
2+ adsorption on HMC was excellently fitted by triple layer model using two inner-sphere complexes (i. e. SOUO2
+ and SOUO2(CO3)3
5− species) compared to constant capacitance model and diffuse layer model. These findings are crucial for expanding actual applications of HMC towards the removal of radionuclides under environmental cleanup.
Beryllium triflates: synthesis and structure of BeL2(OTf)2 (L=H2O, THF,
n
Bu2O)
Authors: Müller Matthias , Buchner Magnus R.
Published: March 2020

Beryllium and BeCl2 were treated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and trimethylsilyltriflate, respectively to form beryllium triflates BeL2(OTf)2 (L=H2O, THF,
n
Bu2O). The Be–O atomic distances (1.605–1.635 Å) between Be2+ and the triflate anions in solid state are the shortest known distances of this kind in a metal triflate yet. Attempts to remove the solvate molecules led to the decomposition of the obtained compounds.
Performance and Anthropometrics of Classic Powerlifters: Which Characteristics Matter?
Authors: Ferrari Luca , Colosio Alessandro L. , Teso Massimo , Pogliaghi Silvia
Published: March 2020

Ferrari, L, Colosio, AL, Teso, M, and Pogliaghi, S. Performance and anthropometrics of classic powerlifters: Which characteristics matter? J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1003–1010, 2022—The purpose of this study is: (a) provide normative performance and anthropometric data of Southern European classic powerlifters of both sexes; (b) determine the possible relationships between these variables and performance; and (c) develop population-specific predictive equations for single lifts and overall powerlifting performance. During an unofficial national-level competition, we recruited 74 athletes (51 men and 23 women) and recorded their individual, anthropometric, and performance characteristics and divided them into sex and 2 performance categories based on their Wilks points. Weaker (<370 Wilks points) and stronger (>370 Wilks points) athletes of both sexes were compared by two-way analysis of variance. Simple correlation and multiple linear regression between individual/anthropometric characteristics and performance were modeled. We applied a step-forward multiple linear regression model to predict single lifts and overall performance. All parameters significantly differed between sexes (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Stronger male athletes had a significantly larger neck (42 ± 2.8 cm; effect size [ES] = 0.59), and flexed (40.6 ± 3.3 cm; ES = 1.18) and relaxed upper-arm (37.5 ± 3.1 cm; ES = 1.34) and thigh girths (63.6 ± 7.0 cm; ES = 0.77) compared to weaker male athletes. Furthermore, stronger women had significantly larger flexed (32.6 ± 3.3 cm; ES = 0.88) and relaxed upper-arm (33 ± 1.5 cm; ES = 2.28) and chest girths (99.3 ± 9.2 cm; ES = 1.10) compared to weaker female athletes. A combination of experience, fat mass, and upper-limb and lower-limb muscle mass indexes can accurately and precisely predict overall and individual lift performance (r
2 ≥ 0.83 for all the predictions). This is the first study to provide normative performance and anthropometric data in Southern European male and female powerlifters.
Physiological and Perceptual Demands of Running on a Curved Nonmotorized Treadmill Compared With Running on a Motorized Treadmill Set at Different Grades
Authors: Schoenmakers Patrick P.J.M. , Crisell James J. , Reed Kate E.
Published: March 2020

Schoenmakers, PPJM, Crisell, JJ, and Reed, KE. Physiological and perceptual demands of running on a curved nonmotorized treadmill compared with running on a motorized treadmill set at different grades. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1197–1200, 2020—The current study compared the physiological and perceptual demands of running on a commercially available curved nonmotorized treadmill (cNMT) with different incline grades on a motorized treadmill (MT). Ten male team-sport athletes completed, after a familiarization session, a 6-minute run at a target velocity of 2.78 m·s−1 on the cNMT (cNMTrun). The mean individual running velocity of cNMTrun was then used as warm-up and experimental running velocity in 3 subsequent visits, in which subjects ran for 6 minutes on the MT set at different grades (4, 6, or 8%). In all experimental trials (cNMTrun, 4MTrun, 6MTrun, and 8MTrun) and in the warm-up of the subjects' third visit (1MTrun), oxygen consumption (V̇o
2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained. The HR in cNMTrun was significantly higher compared with all MT trials. V̇o
2 and RPE were significantly higher in cNMTrun compared with 1MTrun and 4MTrun, but not different from 6MTrun and 8MTrun. The relationship between V̇o
2 and MT grades was highly linear (V̇o
2 = 34.36 + 1.7 MT grade; r = 0.99), and using linear interpolation, the concave curved design of the cNMT was estimated to mimic a 6.9 ± 3% MT grade. On matched running velocities, V̇o
2 and RPE responses while running on the cNMT are similar to a 6–8% MT grade. These findings can be used as a reference value by athletes and coaches in the planning of cNMT training sessions and amend running velocities accordingly. Future studies are needed to determine whether this estimate is similar for female runners, or those of a lower body mass.
Contemporary Training Practices of Norwegian Powerlifters
Authors: Shaw Matthew P. , Andersen Vidar , Sæterbakken Atle H. , Paulsen Gøran , Samnøy Lars E. , Solstad Tom Erik J.
Published: March 2020

Shaw, MP, Andersen, V, Sæterbakken, AH, Paulsen, G, Samnøy, LE, and Solstad, TEJ. Contemporary training practices of Norwegian powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2544–2551, 2022—The aim of this study was to explore the contemporary training practices of Norwegian powerlifters. One hundred twenty-four Norwegian powerlifters completed an electronic questionnaire that surveyed their current training practices with a focus on 2 areas: (a) training content and (b) training design and monitoring. One hundred seventeen respondents met the inclusion criteria, and the sample included World, European, and Norwegian champions. Where data were dichotomized, chi-square tests were used. The most frequently reported (58.1%) category of training was 5–6 times per week, with no statistically significant associations between levels of competitors (international vs. noninternational) (X2(1) = 0.414, p = 0.52). The most frequently reported load used in training was 71–80% 1 repetition maximum. The majority of Norwegian (76.9%) powerlifters train with variable resistance, with those competing internationally more likely to use elastic bands (X2(1) = 4.473, p = 0.034). 32.5% of respondents reported that they included strength training exercises in their training. Norwegian powerlifters' training differs from practices previously identified in the literature, with a higher prevalence of elastic resistance, particularly for those competing internationally, and a decreased use of strength training exercises at all levels. Norwegian powerlifters train frequently (5 or more times per week) and with submaximal loads.
An Exploratory, Preliminary Report on United States Weather Education Trends and General Population Links Between Weather Salience and Systemizing
Authors: Bolton Matthew J. , Mogil H. Michael , Ault Lara K.
Published: March 2020

Meteorologists have been interested in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) education
endeavors for many years. The present study’s authors recently observed an apparent trend in United States
public schools away from weather content in physical science classes, especially at higher grade levels. Through
the blending of multiple psychological theories, this study sought to examine when people in the United
States are presented with educational weather content at the Kindergarten to Grade 12 (K-12) levels and also
investigated links between two psychological constructs: Weather salience and systemizing. Recent evidence
among people on the autism spectrum suggests that weather salience—psychological attention to weather—is
linked to systemizing, a psychological process that involves attention-to-detail and pattern recognition, thus
prompting an investigation of this relationship in the general population. Results preliminarily suggest that
K-12 weather education in the United States occurs most often in the elementary and middle school years,
but that people receiving weather education only in high school, and intriguingly a combination of elementary
and high school, but not middle school, have the highest weather salience levels. There was also a positive
relationship between weather salience and systemizing. Results are discussed in light of the weather salience,
systemizing, and social cognitive career theories.
Ventral Hippocampal Input to the Prelimbic Cortex Dissociates the Context from the Cue Association in Trace Fear Memory
Authors: Twining Robert C. , Lepak Katie , Kirry Adam J. , Gilmartin Marieke R.
Published: March 2020

The PFC, through its high degree of interconnectivity with cortical and subcortical brain areas, mediates cognitive and emotional processes in support of adaptive behaviors. This includes the formation of fear memories when the anticipation of threat demands learning about temporal or contextual cues, as in trace fear conditioning. In this variant of fear learning, the association of a cue and shock across an empty trace interval of several seconds requires sustained cue-elicited firing in the prelimbic cortex (PL). However, it is unknown how and when distinct PL afferents contribute to different associative components of memory. Among the prominent inputs to PL, the hippocampus shares with PL a role in both working memory and contextual processing. Here we tested the necessity of direct hippocampal input to the PL for the acquisition of trace-cued fear memory and the simultaneously acquired contextual fear association. Optogenetic silencing of ventral hippocampal (VH) terminals in the PL of adult male Long-Evans rats selectively during paired trials revealed that direct communication between the VH and PL during training is necessary for contextual fear memory, but not for trace-cued fear acquisition. The pattern of the contextual memory deficit and the disruption of local PL firing during optogenetic silencing of VH-PL suggest that the VH continuously updates the PL with the current contextual state of the animal, which, when disrupted during memory acquisition, is detrimental to the subsequent rapid retrieval of aversive contextual associations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLearning to anticipate threat from available contextual and discrete cues is crucial for survival. The prelimbic cortex is required for forming fear memories when temporal or contextual complexity is involved, as in trace fear conditioning. However, the respective contribution of distinct prelimbic afferents to the temporal and contextual components of memory is not known. We report that direct input from the ventral hippocampus enables the formation of the contextual, but not trace-cued, fear memory necessary for the subsequent rapid expression of a fear response. This finding dissociates the contextual and working-memory contributions of prelimbic cortex to the formation of a fear memory and demonstrates the crucial role for hippocampal input in contextual fear learning.
Breastfeeding Initiation, Duration, and Supplementation Among Mexican-Origin Women in Texas
Authors: Eilers Michelle A. , Hendrick C. Emily , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Powers Daniel A. , Potter Joseph E.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Mexican-origin women breastfeed at similar rates as white women in the United States, yet they usually breastfeed for less time. In our study, we seek to identify differences in Mexican-origin women’s breastfeeding intentions, initiation, continuation, and supplementation across nativity and country-of-education groups.

METHODS:

The data are from a prospective cohort study of postpartum women ages 18 to 44 recruited from 8 Texas hospitals. We included 1235 Mexican-origin women who were born and educated in either Texas or Mexico. Women were interviewed at delivery and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post partum. Breastfeeding intentions and initiation were reported at baseline, continuation was collected at each interview, and weeks until supplementation was assessed for both solids and formula. Women were classified into 3 categories: born and educated in Mexico, born and educated in the United States, and born in Mexico and educated in the United States.

RESULTS:

Breastfeeding initiation and continuation varied by nativity and country of birth, although all women reported similar breastfeeding intentions. Women born and educated in Mexico initiated and continued breastfeeding in higher proportions than women born and educated in the United States. Mexican-born and US-educated women formed an intermediate group. Early supplementation with formula and solid foods was similar across groups, and early supplementation with formula negatively impacted duration across all groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Nativity and country of education are important predictors of breastfeeding and should be assessed in pediatric and postpartum settings to tailor breastfeeding support. Support is especially warranted among US-born women, and additional educational interventions should be developed to forestall early supplementation with formula across all acculturation groups.
The mental basis of the historical memory of the Ukrainian people: the social and legal aspect
Authors: Kovalska-Pavelko Iryna
Published: March 2020

The social and legal of mental basis of the historical memory of the Ukrainian people is revealed. It is determined that the legal mentality is most often understood as a certain set of moods, features of thinking and justice, legal traditions and habits of a social subject, fundamental beliefs and vestiges, thinking about their whole legal existence, interaction with the environment. It provides for the storage and transmission from generation to generation of mental information, rules and regulations that guarantee historical reproducibility and self-identity; it has been manufactured for centuries and is durable and durable. It is found that legal mentality is also dynamic – it defines ways to respond to legal receptions and innovations, provides adaptation mechanisms, the ability to adapt to the changing conditions of material and spiritual being. It is proved that the legal mentality of Ukrainian society was formed back in the pre-Christian era – in the mythological representations of ancient Ukrainians God of Heaven Svarog passed to people a number of laws, among which are: to honor God; avoid wrongs and follow the truth; to honor your race; seek wisdom; to honor one another, to live in harmony. It is established that the agricultural and sedentary inherited way of life, which contributed to the affirmation of the female component – the most common regulatory archetypes and symbols in the Ukrainian legal culture are the images of Mother of God, Mother of Earth, Nenka-Ukraine. It is revealed that for the Ukrainian people there is also a normative-legal introvert which enhances the influence of such qualities as moderation, consistent persistence, balance, ability to change oneself and the world. It is traced that the Cossack period supplemented the legal mentality of Ukrainians with the features of democracy (which is a further embodiment of the eternal principle laid down in the tradition of Kievan Rus), freedom, equality and brotherhood. Thus, in the historical memory of Ukraine, the mental traditions of democracy, which were manifested not only in the institutes of the Cossack council, the eldership council, the election of most state bodies and positions, but also in the features of local self-government, were entrenched.
Digital Learning, Smartphone Usage, and Digital Culture in Indonesia Education
Authors: Sari Ayu I. , Suryani Nunuk , Rochsantiningsih Dewi , Suharno Suharno
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The rapid development of information and technology has procreated a digital culture in Indonesian education. This article aims to depict the current condition of digital culture in Indonesian education by pointing at the issue of students’ digital fluency, particularly the readiness for using digital learning resources and smartphone usage.
Materials and Methods. A combination of the survey and qualitative descriptive method was used to identify the students’ intensity of using a smartphone, the description of students’ smartphone usage, and the students’ perspectives regarding the smartphone usage in learning activities. The data were collected through questionnaires from 384 students in the first grade of senior high schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia.
Results. The findings of the research show that the students regularly use the smartphone more than 6 to 7 hours a day. The students use the Internet to gather information or download the learning materials. Moreover, they strongly agree that smartphone usage will give benefits to them.
Discussion and Conclusion. The findings of research reflect that the students engage with the smartphone as a device to support their learning activities. The students’ engagement reflects the positive impact of smartphone usage on the psychological and cultural dimensions of the students. Moreover, the teachers should uphold the students’ digital culture by integrating digital material resources and smartphone usage into classroom activities.
Factors for Increasing Motivation to Theory Class Attendance among Students of Technology Studies
Authors: Droessiger Gražina , Vdovinskiene Sonata
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The article examines factors for a potential increase in student motivation to theory class attendance. Scientific research presents various factors for students’ non-attendance, beginning with personal reasons and nuances of study organization and ending with the teacher approach to their work. This article looks specifically into the factors controlled by the teacher , more precisely, their competences.
Materials and Methods. The qualitative study was conducted in the academic year 2018–2019, through the analysis of study motivation opinions of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University students majoring in technology studies. The article presents the analysis of one aspect of the conducted survey, i.e., what teachers could or should do to motivate students to attend theory classes.
Results. The processed data indicated that students link motivation to study to three primary teaching competences: the didactic, communicative and personal ones. According to students, the teaching staff’s didactic competence should include the ability to create a reasonable balance between theory and practical application, the capability to visually present and impart focal points of the study material, the capacity to plan out lectures, the skill to apply interactive studying methods, and the potential to motivate students by introducing accumulative bonus grades.
Discussion and Conclusion. While there was a clear differentiation between three teacher competences, the weight placed on each one differs. The didactic competence carries the most weight, and teachers should, therefore, reflect on whether they establish an optimal state of balance between theory and praxis; prepare visually appealing lectures, and consistently and structurally convey the study material, etc.
Estimating Ecological Properties of Rapeseed Oils for Using as Agricultural Tractor Motor Fuel
Authors: Plotnikov Sergey А. , Kantor Pavel Ya. , Kozlov Ilya S. , Vtyurina Marina N.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to estimate the influence of mixed fuel, including diesel and biofuel (rapeseed oil), on ecological parameters of an agricultural tractor diesel in working in agricultural fields and transporting. The objective of the study is forecasting, obtaining and comparing the calculated and experimental environmental performance indicators of the Belarus-922 tractor diesel engine using mixed fuel for farming operations.
Materials and Methods. To achieve the objective of the study, the quantitative indicators of component structure of rapeseed oil samples of various origins have been defined, a theoretical estimation and the comparison of calculated and experimental environmental performance indicators of tractor diesel engine have been made with the use of the necessary equipment.
Results. For the first time, quantitative values of indexes of the component composition of rapeseed oils of various origins have been obtained. The analysis has shown that the most recommended to be used as fuel is the sample with the maximum content of unsaturated acids that will allow providing the maximum speed and combustion efficiency. The calculations show a decrease in working temperature by 200 K as a result of added rapeseed oils that should lead to a reduction of the constant of the reaction speed and concentration of nitrogen oxides approximately by a factor of 2.7. The endogenous origin of nitrogen compounds influences essentially on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in worked-out gases.
Discussion and Conclusions. Based on the analysis of nitrogen oxide mechanisms on combustion of rapeseed oils, the calculation of the semi-quantitative reaction rate is theoretically proved and experimentally confirmed.
The Results of Field Tests of an Onion Set Harvesting Machine Equipped with a Shaker Arrangement Asymmetrical Bar Elevator
Authors: Dorokhov Aleksey S. , Sibirev Alexey V. , Aksenov Aleksandr G.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Machines for harvesting roots and onions do not provide qualitative indices of root heap separation that leads to violation of technical requirements during harvesting. New solutions are needed to increase the quality of root separation, increase the quality of separation and reduce damage.
Materials and Methods. The article presents the design of the onion set harvesting machine. The machine is equipped with a bar elevator with asymmetrical arrangement of shakers. The technique and results of field research to determine the quality of set onion separation at the experimental rod elevator are described.
Results. The results of production research of the onion set harvesting machine showed qualitative performance of the technological process of separating onion heap at optimal values of parameters: center distance between elliptical shaker and supporting roller 0.36-0.4 m at full separation of 97.0-97.2% and onion damage 1.65-1.68%; forward speed of rod elevator with asymmetrical arrangement of elliptical shaker and supporting roller 1.6 m/s at full separation of 98.5% and bulb damage 1.3%.
Discussion and Conclusion. The use of a bar elevator with an asymmetrical arrangement of the elliptical shaker and support roller allows, in comparison with the symmetrical arrangement of shakers, an increase in bulb separation by 2.0% and a decrease in onion damage by 1.1%.
Physical Methods for Studying Jades of Different Colors
Authors: Shelekhov Igor Yu. , Shishelova Tamara I. , Smirnov Evgeniy I.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The article presents an analysis of the various applications of crystals, describes the historical and cultural foundations of using mineral raw materials for various purposes, including medical ones. It is shown that a special place in this list is occupied by jade (nephrite), which is one of the most common minerals used in therapeutic equipment. Moreover, the cost of this equipment is determined by the color of the material used. Therefore, the task is to conduct a study of jade of different colors by physical methods.
Materials and Methods. For the study samples of yellow jade, green jade, black jade, and white jade were made; samples of different colors of jades were made according to the “thin section” type and had a flat surface. The phase analysis of jades was carried out on the DRON-1 diffractometer. The diffraction pattern was recorded using a scintillation counter with amplitude discrimination. The diffraction pattern was recorded sequentially as the sample and counter, which were located on the GUR-5 goniometer, rotated. The report of rotation angles was made with an error of up to 0.005º.
Results. The article presents the results of studying the chemical analysis of jades of different colors and a diffractogram of yellow, green, black and white jades. The authors also provide a table for deciphering the interplanar distances and the intensities of the main lines of the studied jade samples.
Discussion and Conclusion. The studies have shown that the studied samples are tremolites by chemical composition. The chemical analysis of black jade showed that because of an increase in ferrous iron and a decrease in the proportion of magnesium, a transition to actinolite is noted. A decrease in fluorine content by an order of magnitude is also observed in the black jade sample.The conducted studies offer new possibilities for expanding the general concepts of creating a healthy environment, where all events are connected in a single logical chain. The presented material gives the opportunity to add research from the fields of chemistry, biology, and medicine to the logical chain.
No genotoxicity is detectable for Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 by standard in vitro and in vivo tests
Authors: Dubbert Silke , Klinkert Birgit , Schimiczek Michael , Wassenaar Trudy M. , Bünau Rudolf von
Published: March 2020

Probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) has a long history of safe use. However, the recently discovered presence of a pks locus in its genome presumably producing colibactin has questioned its safety, as colibactin has been implicated in genotoxicity. Here, we assess the genotoxic potential of EcN. Metabolic products were tested in vitro by the Ames test, a mutagenicity assay developed to detect point mutation-inducing activity. Live EcN were tested by an adapted Ames test. Neither the standard nor the adapted Ames test resulted in increased numbers of revertant colonies, indicating that EcN metabolites or viable cells lacked mutagenic activity. The in vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay (the gold standard for detecting DNA-strand breaks) was used to determine potentially induced DNA-strand breaks in cells of the gastro-intestinal tract of rats orally administered with viable EcN. Bacteria were given at 109–1011 colony forming units (CFU) per animal by oral gavage on 2 consecutive days and daily for a period of 28 days to 5 rats per group. No significant differences compared to negative controls were found. These results demonstrate that EcN does not induce DNA-strand breaks and does not have any detectable genotoxic potential in the test animals.
Adoption of Information and Communications Technology in the Turkish Forest Products Industry: A Case Study
Authors: GEDİK Tarık , DURUSOY İdris
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: This study explores the adoption of information and communications technologies (ICTs) and current and potential ICT use in forest products industry. Based on the perceptions of the respondents, the paper investigates the underlying factors affecting the adoption of ICT. Area of study: Case study is conducted in Düzce province where nearly all types of forest product enterprises are conducting business operates. Material and method: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with owners and/or engineers of forest products companies. A questionnaire was developed with three main sections, including 20 questions and 81 judgments. Data on the study parameters were coded and analyzed using SPSS software. Main results: The three major constructs of these factors, based on the purposes of ICT use, were identified as business productivity, information exchange and customer communications. Increased access to current industry news was the principle benefit expected by the respondents from the Internet use, followed closely by enhancement of the company image and facilitation of banking transactions. According to the study, information and communications applications were more common than e-business and e-commerce use in the forest products industry. Research highlights: The forest products industry should plan to develop and implement ICT strategies focusing on increased business productivity, competitiveness and profits, in addition to efficient customer and supplier communications and expanded markets.
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MİLLET KAVRAMINA İLİŞKİN METAFORİK ALGILARI
Authors: ÇATAK Muzaffer , YILDIZ Çağlar
Published: March 2020

Araştırma
2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılının ikinci döneminde, Siirt il merkezindeki bir
ortaokulda öğrenim gören 148 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada,
nitel araştırma desenlerinden “olgubilim
deseni” kullanılmıştır. Örneklemin belirlenmesinde seçkisiz olmayan
örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Ölçüt olarak Türk,
Arap, Kürt kökenli öğrencilerin öğrenim gördüğü bir okul seçilmiştir.  Verilerin toplanmasında öğrencilerinin “millet” kavramına ilişkin algılarını
belirlemek amacıyla, öğrencilere “Millet…a/e
benzer. Çünkü …” ifadesinin yer aldığı bir form kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın
amacı, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesindeki farklı etnik grupların bulunduğu bir
okulda öğrencilerin genel olarak millet kavramına ilişkin metaforik algılarının
belirlenerek incelenmesidir. Öğrencilerden 118 metafor elde edilerek,
metaforlar 8 kavramsal kategoriye ayrılmıştır. En yüksek frekansa sahip olan
metaforlar, vatan (f=16) ve aile
(f=14) olarak görülmektedir. Öğrencilerin “millet” kavramına çoğunluk olarak
“vatan” kavramını cevap olarak vermesi olumlu olarak değerlendirilmektedir.
Kategorilere bakıldığında öğrenciler tarafından en fazla birlik ve manevi
birlik; en az ise kültür ve bağımsızlığın değerlendirildiği; milleti oluşturan
ülkü unsuruna ise hemen hemen hiç değinilmediği görülmektedir. Farklı etnik
unsura sahip olan öğrencilerin millet kavramına ilişkin yorumlamada kavram
eksiklikleri olmasına rağmen, öğrencilerin millet kavramını etnik ayrım
yapmaksızın oluşturdukları görülmektedir. 148(%100) öğrenciden 118(% 80)’i
millet kavramı ile ilişkili olan ilgili forma yanıt vermiş olmasına rağmen,
öğrencilerin 30’u yani %20’si ise forma hiç cevap vermemiştir. Yüzde 20 oranı
yüksek bir oran olup, millet kavramını bu oranlar dâhilinde değerlendirilecek
olunursa, çalışma grubundaki öğrencilerin millet kavramına yönelik kazanım
yeterliliklerinin düşük olduğu söylenebilir.
TARİH VE SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ATATÜRK İLKELERİNE İLİŞKİN BİLİŞSEL YAPILARININ KELİME İLİŞKİLENDİRME TESTİ ARACILIĞI İLE BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ER TUNA Yasemin
Published: March 2020

Bu araştırma ile tarih ve sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının Atatürk
İlkelerine ilişkin bilişsel yapıları Kelime İlişkilendirme Testi (KİT)
aracılığı ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tarama Modeli kullanılan bu
araştırmanın, çalışma grubunu 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında Gaziosmanpaşa
Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 40 sosyal bilgiler öğretmenliği
4. sınıf öğrencisi ile 40 pedagojik formasyon eğitimi alan tarih bölümü 4.
Sınıf öğrencisi olmak üzere toplam 80 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri
toplama aracı olarak Kelime ilişkilendirme Testi (KİT) kullanılmıştır. Atatürk
İlkelerini oluşturan 6 anahtar kavram kullanılarak KİT oluşturulmuştur.
Verilerin analizinde ise anahtar kavramlara verilen cevap kavramların frekans
tabloları oluşturularak ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir.  Elde edilen frekans tablosu sonuçlarına göre
kavram ağı haritası çizilmiştir.  Kavram
ağı sonuçlarına göre, tarih öğretmen adaylarının Atatürk ilkelerine yönelik
doğru ve anlamlı ilişkiler kurduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ancak, tarih öğretmen
adayları Atatürk ilkelerini kendi arasında bağdaştıramamış ve ilkeler
arasındaki çoklu ilişkiyi kuramamışlardır. Bu da onların bilişsel yapılarında
Atatürk ilkelerinin birbirlerinden büyük oranda ilişkisiz ve kopuk olduğunu göstermektedir.  Sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayları ise Atatürk
ilklerine yönelik doğru ve anlamlı ilişkiler kurmuşlardır. Ayrıca elde edilen
sonuca göre, sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının Atatürk İlkelerini kendi aralarında
kuvvetli bir şekilde bağdaştırdığını göstermektedir. Böylelikle sosyal bilgiler
öğretmen adaylarının bilişsel yapılarında Atatürk İlkelerinin kendi arasında
kuvvetli bir şekilde ilişkilendirdikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
EĞİTİMDE CİNSİYET EŞİTSİZLİĞİNE TARİHTEN BİR ÖRNEK: ANTİK YUNAN
Authors: ŞAR İŞBİLEN Evren , ÇIĞIR DİKYOL Derya
Published: March 2020

Demokrasinin temellerinin atıldığı Antik Yunan’da, eğitim önemli bir olgu olmasına rağmen kadın ve erkek için sosyal yaşamdaki roller oldukça farklıydı ve bu durum çocukların eğitim hayatına da büyük ölçüde etki etmekteydi. Kızlardan iyi bir eş ve anne olmaları dışında bir beklenti olmadığı için yetiştirilmelerinde de erkek çocuklarda olduğu gibi formal eğitimin çok önemli bir rolü bulunmuyordu.  Aslında kız çocuklarının çoğunluğu yün eğirme, dokuma ve işleme yapma gibi ev içi konularda eğitim almaktaydılar. Antik kaynaklar incelendiğinde, kız çocukların erkeklerle aynı okullara gidip gitmediği hususu da belirgin değildir. Elbette, burada sözü edilen kız çocuklarının Sparta dışında kalan şehir devletlerinde yaşayan özgür yurttaşlar olduklarının belirtilmesinde de fayda vardır. Zira Sparta kent devleti bu noktada pek çok yönden istisnai bir durum oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda özellikle modern Batı Uygarlığı’nın şekillenmesinde büyük etkisi olan Yunan Uygarlığı’nın kadına bakışı ve bunun eğitime yansımaları değerlendirilmeye ve günümüz eğitim anlayışının köklendiği bir devrenin incelenmesiyle günümüze ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Nitel veri toplama araçlarından doküman analiziyle elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesiyle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, antik kaynaklar taranarak modern kaynaklar ile karşılaştırılmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile özellikle Türkiye’de, günümüz eğitim politikalarının temellerinin atıldığı Eskiçağ’da eğitimin durumu ile ilgili çalışmaların yok denecek kadar az olması nedeniyle, bu alandaki boşluğun doldurulması amaçlanmıştır.
GEÇ ORTAÇAĞ AVRUPA TARİHÇİLİĞİNDE GERİLEME PARADİGMASI: SOSYO-EKONOMİK ve SİYASAL TARİHÇİLİK AÇISINDAN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: DURGUN Fatih
Published: March 2020

Bu
çalışma Geç Ortaçağ tarihi kavramının Avrupa tarihçiliğinde nasıl algılandığı
ve tanımladığı üzerinde durmaktadır. Ortaçağ tarihçiliğinin kurumsallaşması ve
tarih disiplini içinde bir dönemin alt alanlara bölümlenmesi neticesinde
Ortaçağ tarihi de üç parçaya ayrılarak araştırma nesnesi haline getirilmiştir.
Ayrıştırma ölçütleri tarihçilik geleneklerine ve ideolojik motivasyonlara göre
değişiklik göstermekle birlikte Erken, Yüksek ve Geç Ortaçağ dönemlendirmesi
genel kabul görmüş ve Geç Ortaçağ kriz ve gerileme gibi kavramlarla
özdeşleştirilerek biraz ihmal edilmiştir. Bu makale, Geç Ortaçağ’ın “kriz”,
“geçiş” ya da “dönüşüm” kavramları etrafında sosyo-ekonomik ve siyasi
tarihçilik bağlamında genel olarak nasıl değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini
tartışacak Geç Ortaçağ’ı sosyo-ekonomik ve siyasi tarih açısından, kopuş veya
kriz olarak değil,  Rönesans ile
süreklilik içinde değerlendirmeyi önerecektir. Geç Ortaçağ Gerileme
Paradigmasına ilişkin yapılacak olan tartışma ve genel değerlendirmeyle bir
yandan Geç Ortaçağ Avrupa tarihine yeni bir perspektifle bakmak, diğer yandan
da tarihsel dönemlendirmeyi yeniden düşünmek üzerine mütevazı bir katkı
sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır.
FİLMLERDEKİ YENİÇAĞ AVRUPA’SI
Authors: ACAR KAPLAN Kezban
Published: March 2020

1450’lerden 1750’lere kadar uzanan ve “Yeniçağ” veya Erken Modern Dönem olarak adlandırılan zaman aralığı, Rönesans, Coğrafi Keşifler, Reform, Mezhep Savaşları gibi gelişmelerin görüldüğü, Mutlak Monarşilerin ve Anayasal Monarşilerin geliştiği, değişime uğradığı çok önemli bir dönemdir. Avrupa tarihinde çok önemli bir yere sahip olan; Rönesans ve özellikle Coğrafi Keşiflerden dolayı dünyanın başka yerlerinde de etkiler yaratan bu dönem, batıda birçok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Ancak filmlerde Yeniçağ konusu hiçbir çalışmada incelenmemiştir. Bu araştırma, Zevk ve Istırap (1965), 1492: Cennetin Keşfi (1992), Luther (2003), Her Devrin Adamı (1966), Kraliçe Elizabeth (1998), Elizabeth: Altın Çağ (2007), Cromwell (1970), Kraliçe Margot (1994) ve Üç Silahşorlar (1993) filmlerinden yola çıkarak, Yeniçağ ’da ortaya çıkmış bazı olayların sinemada nasıl ele alındığını ve yorumlandığını analiz etmeyi ve filmlerin tarih eğitiminin bir materyali olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağını değerlendirmeyi amaçlar.
TARİH BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ALAN GEZİLERİ ve MÜZE ZİYARETLERİNE ve MÜZEDE YAPILAN ETKİNLİKLERE YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: EROL ŞAHİN Ayşegül Nihan , YEŞİLBURSA Cemil Cahit
Published: March 2020

Bu
çalışmanın amacı tarih bölümü öğrencilerinin alan gezileri ve müze ziyaretleri
ile müzede yapılan etkinliklere yönelik
görüşlerini incelemektir. Müzeler doğal, tarihi, sanatsal, bilimsel değerlerle
ilgili nesnelerin saklanıp korunduğu, incelendiği ve sergilendiği kurumlardır.
Müzeler, tarihi yerler ve tarihi yapılar tarih öğrenmede ve öğretmede
vazgeçilmez kaynaklardır. Bu yerler her türlü eğitim kademesinde öğrenme ve
öğretme amacıyla kullanılabilirler. Nitel araştırma yöntemi temelinde
fenomenoloji modeline göre desenlenen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2016-2017
eğitim öğretim yılında Ankara’da bir devlet üniversitesinin Edebiyat Fakültesi
Tarih Bölümünde okuyan 20 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların görüşlerini
ortaya koymak için Ankara Kalesi ve çevresinde alan gezisi ve Çengelhan Müzesi
ziyareti gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüş formu ile
toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde fenomenolojik analiz kullanılmıştır.
Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, katılımcılar müzede yapılan etkinliklerin kalıcı
öğrenme sağladığını, iş birliğini geliştirdiğini, bakış açılarını
geliştirdiğini ve etkinlikleri faydalı bulduklarını ifade etmişlerdir.
Katılımcılar, müzede yapılan etkinliklere yönelik duygularını ise, eğlenceli,
heyecanlı, güzel, sıra dışı, ilginç ve şaşkınlık verici şeklinde
belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcılar müzelerin; görsellik, zenginlik, bilinç oluşturma
ve toplumsal katkı bakımından önemli olduğunu vurgulayarak müze eğitiminin,
eğitim-öğretim ve kişisel gelişim açısından önemli olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.
1950’LERİN POPÜLER TARİH DERGİSİ “RESİMLİ TARİH MECMUASI”NDA TARİH EĞİTİMİ ve ÖĞRETİMİ
Authors: ELBAN Mehmet
Published: March 2020

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, 1950’lerin popüler tarih dergisi “Resimli Tarih Mecmuası”ndaki
tarih eğitimi ve tarih öğretimini incelemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma
yöntemlerinden belgesel (documentary) araştırma kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın
çalışma evrenini, derginin 23 yayını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada elde edilen
verilerin analizinde içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın ortaya koyduğu önemli sonuçlardan biri dergiye göre tarih, geçmişi
ve günümüzü anlamayı sağlamaktadır. Tarih, eğitici ve eğlendirici bir araçtır.
Ayrıca dergi, tarihi büyük adamların faaliyetleri olarak tanımlamaktadır.
Derginin pek çok sayısında okuyucularından gelen istekleri dikkate alması,
popüler tarihin konularının hitap ettiği kitle tarafından belirlendiğini
göstermiştir. Dergide erkek kahramanların anlatısında baskın vurgulama
savaşlarda zafer kazanma ve kahramanca savaşmadır. Kadın kahramanlar ise daha
çok güzellikleri ve güzellikleri ile erkek kahramanları etkilemeleriyle ön
plana çıkarılmıştır. Araştırmada derginin pedagojik bir amaç taşıdığı ve tarih
öğretim yöntemlerine yer verdiği anlaşılmıştır. Derginin tarih öğretim
yöntemlerine verdiği önem, derginin yazar kadrosunda tarih öğretmenlerinin
bulunması, derginin okuyucu kitlesinin önemli bir kısmının öğretmenler ve
öğrenciler olmasıdır. Araştırmanın son tahlilde ortaya koyduğu sonuç ise
popüler tarih dergilerinin tarih eğitimi ve öğretiminde kullanılabileceğidir.
Ancak bu yapılırken öğrencilere popüler tarih dergilerindeki mitosları ve
gerçekleri ayırt edebilme becerisi kazandırılmalıdır.
FRANSA’DA SON İKİ YÜZYILDA TARİHYAZIMININ YÖNELİMLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇERÇEVE DENEMESİ
Authors: IŞIKSEL Güneş
Published: March 2020

Bu yazıda, Romantik tarih-yazımının karşısında
konumlanan, pozitivist bir yöntembilimine dayalı tarihçiliğin Fransa’da başta Annales okulunun çevresi ve çeperinde
nasıl bir yön aldığı, bu ülkede tarih üzerine yapılan yazınsal ve entelektüel
üretimin oluşum koşulları, tematik-kronolojik çerçevede ve başlıca tarihçiler
ve yapıtlar üzerinden gelişimi ve bu alandaki bugünkü yönelimlerin sunulup
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanıyor. Her ne kadar bugün sözkonusu okulun etkisi yeni
yaklaşım ve eğilimler sonucu (linguistic turn, sömürgecilik sonrası
çalışmaları, Global ve Bağlantılı tarih vs.) azalsa da alana olan getirilerinin
değerlendirilmesi, düşünümsel noktada, tarihçilerin mesleklerinin icra ederken
yaptıkları tarihyazımsal işlemlerin saiklerini, belirlenimlerini ve
uzanımlarını daha iyi kavramalarını ve bu işlemler üzerinden vardıkları
çıkarımları denetlemelerinin koşullarını oluşturuyor.