bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OZONE FEATURES IN THE CONTEXT OF ADVANCING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria., Yaneva Galina , Ivanov Dobri ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria., Ivanova Diana ,   Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 represents a serious challenge for modern society worldwide because of the considerable and unfavourable consequences of the pandemic in terms of human health, economics and social life. In the present survey, some essential peculiarities of ozone as an air pollutant and powerful oxidant under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic as reflected in the recent literature are described. The understanding of ozone chemistry during COVID-19 lockdown can improve ozone parameterization in models of chemical transport. Ozone peroxides such as ozonides, aldehydes, hydrogen peroxides, and organic peroxide serve as messengers to modulate the human immune system and improve blood rheology.
BURSALI MEHMED NİHAD BEY’İN ASKERÎ TARİH YAZICILIĞI ÜZERİNE BAZI DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: BORLAT Barış
Published: October 2021

Bursalı Mehmed Nihad Bey, Cumhuriyet Dönemi askerî tarih yazımın önemli isimlerinden birisidir. Erken yaşta-42-şehit olmasına kadar Türk literatürüne on bin sayfaya yaklaşan eser bırakmıştır. Bu eserlerin henüz tamamı günümüze değin incelenmemiştir. Son dönemde yazılan makaleler ve yapılan tezler ise belirli noktalarına farklı bakış açıları sağlamıştır. Bu kadar geniş bir külliyatın tek bir makalede değerlendirilmesi ise çok önemli sınırlılıkları beraberinde getirecektir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Trablusgarp Savaşı’ndan Millî Mücadele’ye askerlik hayatının ilk on yılı muharebelerin içerisinde geçen sonra da şehitliğine kadar Harp Tarihi Şubesinde önemli çalışmalar yürüten Bursalı Mehmed Nihad’ın askeri tarih yazıcılığı üzerine değerlendirmeler yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla ana eksene bizzat Mehmed Nihad Bey tarafından kaleme alınan eserler alınmıştır. Tercümelerinde ise daha çok kendisinin notlandırdığı çalışmalar öncelenmiştir. Böylece önce olayların şahidi ve aktörü olan bir askerî tarihçinin yazım sürecindeki kaynak kullanımı, yazım usulleri, hedefleri gibi başlıklara dair bilgilere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Particularidades da violência nos relacionamentos lésbicos
Authors: Cristo Ribeiro dos Santos Nathaliê , Santos Freitas Rita de Cássia
Published: October 2021

Este artigo analisa um tipo de violência ainda pouco discutido dentre os estudos e pesquisas da área de diversidade sexual e de gênero, mas que necessita ser analisado com maior atenção: a violência nas relações lésbicas. A questão da violência nos relacionamentos lésbicos traz a necessidade de se ampliar a leitura bidimensional sobre o problema da violência conjugal e desconstrói a ideia de que a violência doméstica é um fenômeno restrito ao âmbito da heterossexualidade. Com o objetivo de analisar como esse problema se expressa na realidade, apresentamos os resultados de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com profissionais de algumas instituições que integram a rede de atendimento às mulheres da cidade de Niterói. Através das entrevistas foi possível ouvir experiências e relatos de profissionais sobre como o problema da violência conjugal lésbica se manifesta em seus cotidianos de trabalho.
Apresentação do Dossiê
Authors: Brandão Souza Simone , Aparecida Silva Maria , Felippe Soares Suane
Published: October 2021

Texto de apresentação do vol. 02, n. 02 da Revista Sul-Sul de Ciências Humanas e Sociais.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Alaska Fairbanks, Chen Haiwei
Published: October 2021

Both parametric and nonparametric tests show that housing price volatility is lower in states that impose a real estate transfer tax on transaction values than those that impose no such tax in the United States. However, regression analyses show no difference in price volatility between the two tax regimes, after controlling for known economic and demographic factors, such as income, population growth, mortgage rates, property taxes, and jobless rates. Such a conclusion is robust because the fixed effect and the two-way clustering models are used to account for irregularities in the error structures.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Old Dominion University, Hansz J. Andrew , Prombutr Wikrom ,   California State University, Long Beach, Zhang Ying ,   Fairfield University, Zhou Tingyu ,   Concordia University
Published: October 2021

We investigate the long- and short-term interrelationships between equity and mortgage real estate investment trusts (REITs) by focusing on decomposed income and appreciation components. We find that the previously documented long-term cointegration relation between equity and mortgage REIT prices stems exclusively from their income components and subsequently, the appreciation components contribute nothing to such a long-term relationship. We also find that the previously documented short-term causal relation between equity and mortgage REIT returns is due to the causality that runs from the appreciation returns of equity REITs to those of mortgage REITs while their income returns do not lead to causality. Lastly, we show that the income returns of both equity and mortgage REITs are influenced by the same equity market factor while their appreciation returns are responsive to different macroeconomic factors, which explain the heterogeneous performance between them.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Manhattan College, Guirguis Hany , Mueller Glenn R. ,   University of Denver, Harris Joshua ,   University of Central Florida., Mueller Andrew G. ,   University of Denver
Published: October 2021

Concentration amongst the top 100 mortgage originators rose substantially during the Great Recession. Furthermore, Originator Profits and Unmeasured Costs (OPUCs), a proxy measure of the profit from originating residential mortgage loans also rose over the same period. Recent studies suggest that these increases are only partially explained by rational factors such as rising costs from increased regulatory burdens and changes in risk. We find statistically significant evidence that increasing concentration raised loan costs by 97 basis points using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models during the Great Recession. This finding suggests that banks are exploiting increasing monopolistic power to increase profits and as such, consumers face rising costs as competition amongst lenders declines. Further to this issue, this study suggests that mortgage markets are not fully competitive and that the rates and fees charged to borrowers are in fact impacted by the level of competition amongst lenders.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Hanyang University, Jin Changha , Kim Kwanyoung ,   Hanyang University
Published: October 2021

Although real estate investment trusts (REITs) in Korea (K-REITs) have a history of over a decade, little related academic research exists due to many constraints, including the lack of available data. This research is the first attempt to examine a total of 74 REIT companies by using data from the Korea Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts. In this study, we explore the economies of scale of both private and public REITs in Korea. Initially, we construct an equivalent baseline measure for growth prospects, revenue and expenses, and profitability, and thereby compare private and public K-REITs. This study further explores the return determinants for K-REITs with a range of firm-specific and property-specific variables. The results show that the asset size of K-REITs matters in determining growth prospects, wherein revenue and expenses and profitability are interrelated. Furthermore, the ownership structure of K-REITs influences the return measure.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Nihon University, Yamazaki Fukuju , Sadayuki: Taisuke ,   Waseda University
Published: October 2021

Condominium reconstruction involves a difficult collective decision-making process among owners, which prevents older condominiums from being redeveloped efficiently. This paper aims to examine whether this type of collective action cost exists for Japanese condominiums. First, we discuss in the literature review and an empirical analysis that the number of units in a condominium complex is an appropriate proxy for the collective action problem. Then, by using the rent in the price function to control for housing characteristics, we show that the number of units has a negative impact on condominium price. Furthermore, the price function for condominiums is compared with that for single-owner rental apartments that are free from the collective action problem. The estimation results show that the number of units only negatively affects the price of condominiums and that the depreciation rate for the condominium price is greater than that for single-owner apartments. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that a significant cost is associated with collective action problems in condominium reconstruction. Lastly, we conduct a comparative examination of condominiums in Japan and the United States, and the result suggests that revising the current Japanese condominium law could induce more efficient redevelopment of old condominiums.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   City  University of Hong Kong, Chang Zheng
Published: October 2021

Since the late 2000s, many universities worldwide have seen a significant increase in the number of non-local students. This study examines the aggregate housing demand of those students and their impact on local rentals by using mainland students in Hong Kong as an example. The findings show that students have very different residential patterns and housing demand than other types of residents. Their income elasticity of commuting is close to 0, and they have lower income elasticity of housing demand compared with the local residents. As a group, they exhibit strong patterns of clustered living situations. By applying the differences-in-differences approach, the study finds that the average annual rental price has increased over 10% in neighborhoods with student clusters than in other comparable neighborhoods in recent years.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Sun Yat-sen University, Deng Yang , Bao Helen X. H. ,   University of Cambridge, Gong Pu ,   Huazhong University of  Science and Technology
Published: October 2021

This study examines the tail dependence of returns in international public real estate markets. By using the daily returns of real estate securities in seven cities/countries from 2000 to 2018, we analyze how the interdependence of international securitized real estate markets has changed since the Global Financial Crisis. We divide our sampling period into the pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis periods, and estimate both upper and lower tail dependence coefficients for each sub- period. Our empirical results confirm that most city/country pairs have changed from tail-independent to tail-dependent since 2007. Strong tail dependence persists during the crisis and post-crisis periods. The findings from the post-crisis sub-sample provide new evidence on increased tail dependence in the global real estate market in recent years. We conclude that international real estate securities still offer diversification benefits nowadays but to a lesser extent than in the pre-crisis period. Investing in the global real estate securities markets is beneficial for cross-region, mixed-asset portfolios.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   National Chengchi University, Chang Chin-Oh , Chen Shu-Mei ,   Kun Shan University
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses the contradicting phenomenon of housing demand in Taiwan. First, an introduction is given on the three primary characteristics of the housing market in Taiwan, which are a high housing vacancy rate, high housing prices and high home ownership. Secondly, we explore the motivation and preferences behind housing purchase. Since the housing price-income ratio continues to increase, unaffordable housing prices cause households to suffer from poor quality of life. The issues of housing justice are highlighted. Recently, the demographics and social values have rapidly changed. Therefore, even if homebuyers face unaffordable housing prices, they still prefer to buy housing instead of renting due to the traditional cultural belief that ¡§to have land is to have wealth¡¨. This has resulted in the phenomenon with high home ownership rate yet high housing prices. On the other hand, the low holding cost of housing and imbalance in urban and rural development perpetuate the high housing vacancy rate in the housing market. This results in an unhealthy housing market and misallocation of resources. Finally, recommendations for related government policy making are made based on the findings.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   UNC Charlotte, Brunson Sean , Buttimer Richard J. Jr. ,   UNC Charlotte, Swidler Steve ,   Lafayette College
Published: October 2021

This paper considers the information content of Multiple Listing Service (MLS) descriptions and employs a significantly larger data set than previous studies. The analysis first catalogs the most frequently used terms by real estate agents in MLS descriptions. Using hedonic modeling, we estimate the effect of this qualitative information on transaction price and days on the market. Finally, we extend earlier empirical work by utilizing our larger MLS data set to forecast the probability that a house will sell after it is listed. This last contribution further sheds light on the role of qualitative information to infer property condition or circumstances that surround the sale of the property.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Naples, Busato Francesco , Coletta Cuono Massimo ,   University of Connecticut, Manganiello Maria ,   University of Naples
Published: October 2021

One of the fundamental concepts in financial economics is the cost of equity capital. The cost of equity is an important tool often used by a firm as a capital budgeting threshold for the required rate of return. The cost of equity of a firm also represents the compensation the market demands in exchange for owning the asset and bearing the risk of ownership. This paper focuses on the cost of equity capital estimates for a particular U.S. industry, the real estate investment trust (REIT) industry, to highlight the key role played by the choice of estimation method on the distant forecast. By using a comprehensive sample of 51 REITs over the period of January 1997 to December 2014, we compare the ¡§hybrid beta¡¨ approach developed by Cosemans et al. (2016) with the Carhart four-factor model, the REIT-factor model in Chen et al. (2012) and the five-factor model formulated by Fama and French (2015). Our results demonstrate the superiority of the ¡§hybrid beta¡¨ approach, which almost always produces, at the firm and portfolio-levels, absolute forecast errors that are lower than those of the other models implemented in our study.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Kanazawa University, Fujisawa Mieko , Takemura Kazuhisa ,   Waseda University, Funaki Yukihiko ,   Waseda University, Uto Nobuyuki ,   Hokuriku University, Takahashi Ryo
Published: October 2021

Many countries have implemented an energy labeling system that displays the energy savings performance of buildings. However, previous studies have reported mixed findings on the effectiveness of this system. This study is undertaken in Japan to assess whether energy labels are effective and validate the significance of the label design. We use an online survey to determine the effects of energy labels on target consumers. We choose two energy label designs: one with a stairs rating form design and the second with a rating scale of the energy efficiency. Adopting a within-subjects method, each respondent is shown both designs and asked to evaluate the energy-saving level based on the labels. Cross-tabulation confirms the positive effects of labeling on energy-savings levels, which are amplified by increasing the level of the reference point. The highest insulation performance level in Japan complies with a law enacted back in 1993; the results show that greater effects can be realized by increasing the level of the reference point. A logistic regression analysis shows that energy labels with the stairs rating have a negative influence, while labels with a rating scale are preferred based on ease of understanding by the respondents. This suggests that energy labels that offer a rating scale can contribute to facilitating energy savings, although there are problems with the comprehension of the gradation colors which need to be further examined. These results can act as a guideline towards optimal designs of the upcoming task of modifying the energy labeling system in Japan.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   National University of Singapore, Agarwal Sumit , Deng Yongheng ,   University of Wisconsin, He Jia ,   Nankai University
Published: October 2021

The global economy is in the midst of a recession triggered by the ongoing pandemic of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The shutdown of the economy and a surge in the unemployment rate also cause stress to the US housing and mortgage system and create significant impacts on the default behaviour of mortgage borrowers. The potential rise in mortgage defaults may renew the long-standing debate over the empirical observation of why some mortgage borrowers do not default as "ruthlessly¨ as the finance theory predicts. In this paper, we propose an alternative theory to explain for the different default behaviours among mortgage borrowers. We hypothesize that the difference among time preferences across mortgage choices is one of the underlying factors that causes the heterogeneity in default patterns. Borrowers can either have a present-biased preference (overvaluing immediate outcomes), or a time-consistent preference (with standard exponential discounting). Borrowers with a present-biased preference are more likely to accept back-loaded mortgages that minimize up-front costs, even though this increases their risk of going ¡§underwater¡¨ and entering default when an adverse shock, such as the one from the ongoing pandemic, occurs.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   California State University, Li Yuming , Yang Jing ,   California State University
Published: October 2021

We investigate the profitability of momentum strategies in the market for single-family homes by using 10 city-level Case-Shiller home price indices (HPIs). Compared with the momentum strategies based on the Fama-French 10-industry portfolios of stocks, the profits from the single-family HPIs are more statistically significant, less sensitive to the construction methods of the momentum strategies and more correlated across different strategies. The momentum profits from the HPIs tend to be counter-cyclical, unlike the pro-cyclical behaviors of the momentum profits from stock portfolios. The differences in the momentum profits with HPIs and stocks indicate that a momentum strategy with the former can help diversify the risk in the asset portfolio of investors.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Cambridge, Bao Helen X. H. , Mok Doris Ka Chuen ,   University of Cambridge
Published: October 2021

This study examines the impacts of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link on the residential property prices in West Kowloon, in which the terminus and only station of the Hong Kong section of the high-speed rail link is located. The express rail is characterised as being a link between Hong Kong and her motherland, China, which is a major source of buyers of property in Hong Kong. We investigate if there is an east-west connection premium introduced by the project by examining the spatial and temporal changes of property prices in the affected areas. Based on a sample of 282,131 transactions, this study uses the hedonic pricing and repeat sales models to examine whether property prices in West Kowloon have increased because of the development of the high-speed rail which signifies a link between Hong Kong and China and whether they have dropped because of the 2019 political movements which emphasize a decoupling. We find significant and consistent evidence to support these hypotheses from both the hedonic price and repeat sales models. The accessibility premium has been capitalised into property prices since the announcement of the project, and the size of the premium is the largest during the announcement period. However, the east-west connection premium is significantly offset by the recent events of political unrest, with properties that are located nearest the West Kowloon Station being the most affected. We derive policy implications regarding practical implications for the design and implementation of land value capture schemes and urban planning.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   National Cheng Kung University, Chen Yen-Jong , Hsu Cheng-Kai ,   Imperial College London UK
Published: October 2021

Constructing multimodal stations is one of the considered ways to implement transit-oriented development (TOD), with the goal of synergizing land use and transportation to promote both greater transit accessibility and sustainability in urban areas. Improvements in such accessibility have led to an uplift in land value and housing prices. These price changes have been primarily studied by analyzing the effects of proximity to stations of a single line or multi-line mass rapid transit (MRT) system. However, little attention has been paid to investigating the effects of different types of multimodal MRTs and railway joined stations. The aim of this study is to investigate the different types of multimodal stations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. We use publicly available housing transaction data to construct hedonic price models. The results show that in the Kaohsiung MRT stations, an increase of 100 m in distance from the stations results in a TWD 258,000 decrease in the average housing price. The housing price elasticity with respect to a 1% increase in distance from these stations is -0.067%.
Survey Of Maritime Student Satisfaction: A Case Study On The International Student Survey To Identify The Satisfaction Of Students In Mathematical Courses
Authors:   University of Split, Gudelj Anita , Liģere Jeļena ,   Latvian Maritime Academy, Zaitseva-Pärnaste Inga ,   Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Załęska-Fornal Agata ,   Polish Naval Academy
Published: October 2021

This study presents the analyses of students’ preferences, satisfaction and perception of learning mathematical subjects at higher education maritime institutions in Croatia, Latvia, Estonia and Poland. All these institutions participate as project partners in the MareMathics project. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching and learning mathematics, a preliminary student survey was conducted in all project partner institutions. Two indicators were analyzed: exam success rate and learning outcomes achieved. The developed online questionnaire contained a number of questions about the teaching methods and tools used by lecturers. Students assessed the impact of different teaching methods, expressed their satisfaction with learning materials, their impact on the results achieved by them, and the overall course. The analysis of the obtained data revealed that students faced difficulties in completing their tasks within subjects on mathematics and statistics. These research results lead to the conclusion that the used methods and tools of teaching mathematics and statistics, which are the essential influential factors on the overall satisfaction of students, are not effective and need to be modernized in the institutions under consideration. And this fact is crucial in the process of study and teaching of mathematical subjects as those subjects make up the base and necessary tools in learning other courses contained in the study program, especially in technical and engineering studies.
Study Of Malaria Cases Among Seafarers In Croatia And The Causes Of Ineffective Chemoprophylaxis Among Them
Authors:   University of Split, Mulić Rosanda , Russo Andrea ,   University of Split, Tomić Iris Jerončić ,   University of Split
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Malaria in Croatia was endemic until 1954, when the last autochthonous cases were reported. Now we have imported cases and the disease still most commonly affects seafarers and workers temporarily employed in malaria endemic countries. The aim of this study was to investigate ineffective malaria chemoprophylaxis among Croatian seafarers. Materials and methods: This study used the data collected by questionnaires that followed every imported case of malaria in Croatia. In addition, a survey was conducted among the seafarers attending the Special education program at the Faculty of Maritime Studies in Split, regarding their attitudes / reasons for not using chemoprophylaxis using a short questionnaire. Results: From the 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2019 there was a total of 108 imported malaria cases in Croatia, of which 22 (20.37%) referred to seafarers. In situations reporting the information whether the infected seafarers used chemoprophylaxis, twenty seafarers (91% of the overall infected) responded that they had not used chemoprophylaxis, while two of them (9.0%) responded that they had used it incorrectly. Conclusion: It appears that the main reason for avoiding chemoprophylaxis is the fear of side-effects. Some of the respondents, particularly the young ones, stated that they were not vaccinated – which is a proof of ignorance, as the vaccine does not exist. How to familiarise and motivate maritime students and seafarers to participate actively in protection against malaria – this is an issue that is important not only in Croatia but, presumably, in other countries as well.
Air Pollutant Emission Measurement
Authors:   University of Split, Račić Nikola , Lalić Branko ,   University of Split, Komar Ivan ,   University of Split, Vidović Frane ,   University of Split, Stazić Ladislav ,   University of Split
Published: October 2021

One of the main methods for estimating air pollutant emissions from ships is the method developed by Carlo Trozzi, which was later accepted and recommended by the European Environment Agency in its air pollutant emission inventory guidebooks. Consequently, it has become the most commonly used methods for making inventories of air emissions in the shipping industry and for predicting future trends. The method and its equations use emission factors to calculate the emission of air pollutants from ships. Emission factors are calculated depending on fuel consumption or main engine power; results are given for different year of manufacture and engine speed. This paper presents the measurement of air pollutant emissions and some other parameters on marine engines operating in different conditions. The measured values are calculated to obtain values which will enable the next step, the comparison with the emission factors in the latest guide of the European Environment Agency on the inventory of pollutant emissions.
EGR Operation Influence On The Marine Engine Efficiency
Authors:   Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Hristov Delyan , Ivanov Ivan ,   Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Popov Dimitar ,   Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy
Published: October 2021

In the work presented, the focus is on the influence of the EGR operation on the engine performance factors. Basic principles of the EGR operation are considered and experiment with electronically controlled engine is carried out on a Kongsberg marine simulator. The influence of the EGR on the efficiency, specific fuel consumption and CO2 emissions is evaluated. Recommendations for the performance adjustment of the supercharging system are stated.
The Reliability Of Watertight Longitudinal Girders Of Fuel Tanks On Aging Bulk Carriers
Authors:   University of Montenegro, Ivošević Špiro , Kovač Nataša ,   University of Donja Gorica (Montenegro)
Published: October 2021

During the exploitation of bulk carriers, the condition of structural elements and areas depends on the type of the cargo transported, operational conditions and maintenance systems. Corrosion significantly accelerates the aging of metal plates and girders thus causing the deterioration of steel surfaces, which consequently reduces the reliability of structural elements, areas and ships in general. The damage to metal structures can impair the stability of a ship, reduce longitudinal strength, cause the ingress of water into the hull as well as environmental pollution through fuel spills from the tanks. Therefore, the paper analyzes a part of a double bottom structure based on the available wear data on watertight longitudinal girders of fuel tanks. The research included 25 bulk carriers aged between 5 and 25 with the total of 110 fuel tanks. The reliability analysis of steel plates included the total of 1920 data measured. The allowable wear of structural plate thickness that equals 20% of the original thickness value was determined by the application of the acceptance criteria that were prescribed by classification societies. The calculations of the function of failure density, failure intensity and reliability determined the time when the condition of structural elements deteriorates due to corrosion up to the levels that require extensive maintenance services.
The Measurement Of Exhaust Gas Emissions By Testo 350 Maritime – Exhaust Gas Analyzer
Authors:   University of Split, Bacalja Bruna , Krčum Maja ,   University of Split, Peša Tomislav ,   University of Split, Zubčić Marko ,   University of Split
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the measurement process of the emissions from marine diesel engines. The emission measurement was carried out by the certified TESTO 350 Maritime exhaust gas analyzer on the Juraj Dalmatinac ferry Caterpillar C32 engines. The gas analyzer records the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). TESTO 350 emission sampling probe was set at the end of the exhaust pipe. A combustion emission measurement was performed during a Split – Supetar (Brač) trip and backwards with the total duration of 110 min. The emissions are estimated for two trip phases: “maneuvering” and “at sea”.
Propeller Load Modelling In The Calculations Of Marine Shafting Torsional Vibrations
Authors:   University of Split, Vulić Nenad , Bratić Karlo ,   University of Split, Lalić Branko ,   University of Split, Stazić Ladislav ,   University of Split
Published: October 2021

Technical rules of IACS classification societies require that calculations of torsional vibrations for all propulsion shafting systems, as well as for shafting systems of auxiliary machinery above certain power, shall be prepared, submitted and validated for the vessels requesting the class certificate. These calculations may be approached either by conventional analytical models based upon systems of ordinary differential equations describing the actual dynamic system, or by simulation modelling of the same dynamic system. The research team of the authors has been established within the R&D Centre of the Faculty of Maritime Studies at Split. The aim of the team is to investigate possibilities and constraints for implementation of the SimulationX software to the simulation modelling of torsional vibrations of dynamic systems, such as marine propulsion and auxiliary shafting. In general, results of these calculations depend upon the concept of the system (two-stroke vs. four-stroke Diesel engine, torsional vibration damper present or not, flexible coupling present or not, fixed pitch or controllable pitch propeller, etc.), dimensions of components, their material properties and service loading. Propeller load modelling within the service loading is very important. Even the preliminary research results show that its simplest part, i.e. the steady-state propeller loading of the system without taking excitations into account, may have a significant influence on the results of torsional vibrations calculation and consequently even to their acceptability by the class society. For this reason, the present paper describes two different ways to express propeller steady-state loading formulations, as prescribed by different sources and authorities, as well as their influence on the torsional vibrations calculation results and meeting the criteria of the IACS Unified Requirements, presenting them in a real verified and validated case study.
Technical Diagnostics Of Marine Equipment With Pseudo-Discrete Features
Authors:   University of Tasmania, Fan Guixin , Nikolova Natalia ,   University of Tasmania,   Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Smith Ty ,   University of Tasmania, Tenekedjiev Kiril ,   University of Tasmania,   Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy
Published: October 2021

We present a system for technical diagnostics (TD) that can recognize the actual state of marine equipment. A Bayesian classifier is trained to identify the different classes of a piece of equipment, monitored through multiple pseudo-discrete features. Data learning samples can be acquired with direct experiments for each class. The system is capable of merging subjective expert knowledge and data learning samples using pseudo-Bayesian estimates when the parameters of the conditional likelihood for the classes are identified. In the training process, correction is applied to solve numerical problems arising from zero probabilities. The pseudo-discrete features have hybrid nature and combine probabilistic and fuzzy approaches. They combine the ease of extracting subjective expert knowledge typical for the discrete features with the high precision of using the measured data during recognition typical for the continuous features. The domain of each pseudo discrete feature is divided into several main categories of non-overlapping intervals which are described as words by the expert. If a measured feature falls between two consecutive categories it is treated as a linear combination of those categories. The resubstitution performance of the classifier is assessed using an error matrix. A numerical example of a marine diesel generator demonstrates the proposed algorithm in a classification problem with nine different state classes of the generator, monitored through 23 pseudo-discrete features. Data learning samples are acquired with direct experiments for each class. The created TD system has potential applications in other complex engineering systems and may support improvements in marine engineering education and training.
On Striking Similarities between Chapters XIV – XIX of Machiavelli’s The Prince and the Fifth Book of Aristotle’s Politics
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, Mishurin Aleksandr
Published: October 2021

In the article, I try to refute an old and widespread superstition according to which the new political philosophy created by Niccolo Machiavelli breaks with classical political philosophy by taking a novel position toward the political; that is, that classics were idle “idealists” while Machiavelli is a coldblooded “realist”. To do that, I compare the most explicit part of The Prince (chapters XIV-XIX) with the end of the fifth book of Aristotle’s Politics and attempt to show that in the most pivotal chapters of his most famous work, the Florentine, in fact, often borrows Aristotle’s advice on how to preserve a tyrannical rule.
The New Monograph of Prof. Nikolay Milkov – a Remarkable Research Approach
Authors:   University of Veliko Tarnovo, Tsatsov Dimitar
Published: October 2021

The emphasis is on the research approach applied in the last monograph of Prof. Nikolay Milkov. It is about studying the early sources of analytical philosophy, and especially in German literature from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, he dwells on the Bulgarian philosophers Dimitar Mihalchev and Tseko Torbov. Dimitar Mihalchev publishes in German a monograph “Philosophical Studies. A Contribution to the Critique of Modern Psychologism” (Leipzig, 1909), which J. Moore evaluated. Tseko Torbov is an assistant to the neo-Kantian Leonard Nelson. Prof. Nikolay Milkov does not fail to mention these small presences of Bulgarian philosophers in the Western European intellectual panorama.
Embodied Rationality as a Mode of the Visibility of Ethics (To the Question of the Toolkit of Constructivism)
Authors:   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute, Dolska Olga , Lobas Viktoria ,   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute
Published: October 2021

Emphasizing a keen interest in the corporeal/bodily in its dynamics and its cognitive characteristics, the authors show that the appeal to the corporeal as a cognitive option changes the understanding and perception of such traditional phenomena as the world, reality, space, things. The proposition that the subject constructs the world, and our bodily experience is determined by the word and constructed by discursive contexts, looks incomplete: its limited nature requires some additions. The authors underline that the study of human sensual cognitive capabilities and the analysis of the cognitive map of the bodily forces us to pay attention to embodied rationality. Addressing it allows us to overcome constructivism, focused exclusively on the discourse of the word, because our intelligence was also shaped in accordance with the form of body action. The authors turned to the problem of mode the visibility of ethics and posed a provocative question as follows: can the cognitive abilities of the bodily act as a basis for ‘construction the morality’ and occupy n equal position with verbal discourse? To solve this problem, the authors analyzed relevant scientific findings and their influence on the nature of the development of constructivist epistemology, studied the debate on the issue of ethics taking place among the representatives of constructivism, and, in particular, analyzed discussions on tools of the constructivism. At present, all ideas and works of constructivism must take into account bodily rationality as their obligatory component (in its general instrumental and methodological basis), and bodily rationality can serve as the basis for “constructing morality.”
The Foundations of Science in the Research of the Russian Scientist Vyacheslav Semenovich Styopin
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Mihaleva Nikoleta
Published: October 2021

The focus of the article is a philosophical and methodological reflection of V.S. Styopin on three main components of the foundations of science: ideals and norms of scientific research, the scientific picture of the world and the philosophical foundations of science. Each of them, in turn, has a rather complex internal structure. Therefore, the task of the article is not limited to the development of perceptions of these three "blocks" of foundations, which has been thoroughly achieved by a number of authors, including Styopin, but mainly to what extent these grounds express important values and goals and dimensions of science.
Artifacts 1. Definition
Authors: Gherdjikov Serghey
Published: October 2021

In this paper I present a definition of artifact based on cases of philosophical and scientifical use: anthropogenic abiotic virtual or real object with meaning and/or function. This definition is proposed in a new dimension: real–virtual, which purports to replace the classical opposition material–ideal as a better way of defining what an artifact is. I consider as virtual here not only digital simulations, but all sign forms. I show that my definition works better in explaining artifacts. I follow empirical science as a technique of studying artifacts, and subscribe to the anthropological paradigm.
The Soteriology of the Orthodox Ascetic Tradition in the Ancient Church and Today Based on the Works of St. Dorotheos of Gaza (+560) and St. Porphyrios of Kavsokalivia (+1991)
Authors:   University of Plovdiv, Chilikov Stoyan
Published: October 2021

The text aims to explore the soteriological nature of the ascetic views of two of the most remarkable ascetic fathers. Based on a comparative analysis, are traced the general moments in their writings, as well as their differences, which outline the development of the ascetic tradition from antiquity to the present day. Abba Dorotheos conveys the ascetic experience of the Egyptian ascetics of the sixth century, the core of which is the spiritual struggle, the cutting off of passions and the acquiring of virtues. At the heart of the Christian feat, St. Porphyrios places the love for God, which transforms passions, converts evil and deifies man, with the focus being not on the fight against the passions, but on Christ and the communion with Him. Sacraments, prayer, worship lead one to praise and contemplation of God. In the words of St. Porphyrios of Kavsokalivia the correlation between soteriology and ecclesiology is much more clearly expressed.
La transdisciplinariedad como factor de cambio en el quehacer educativo moderno, a partir de las posturas epistémicas de Edgar Morin y Basarab Nicolescu
Authors: Herrera Rey José Andrés
Published: October 2021

En este ensayo se realiza un acercamiento al concepto de la transdisciplinariedad manejado por los autores escogidos, en este caso concreto: Edgar Morin y Basarab Nicolescu. Se hace un esfuerzo por definir un concepto general de lo que la transdisciplinariedad significa, rescatando su importancia para sobrellevar los múltiples retos que el mundo actual implica a todos aquellos que ejercen la docencia, así como al estudiantado. Igualmente, se explora en este ensayo una comparación (no exhaustiva), a partir de la identificación de puntos coincidentes y divergentes entre ambos autores, acerca de la temática en análisis, así como de la influencia que consideran que ha ejercido y ejerce esta práctica en los procesos de formación y exigencia académica. Por último, se hace un breve recuento de los posibles impactos de ello, en las experiencias de aprendizaje y su pertinencia en la cotidianidad del proceso educativo.
A teoria do Destino Manifesto: revisitando os ciclos da história americana e o governo Trump
Authors: Abreu Jonas
Published: October 2021

A recorrente controvérsia sobre o significado da América demonstra os dois fios trançados desde a fundação do país: a ideia dos Estados Unidos como “experimento democrático”, carregado de riscos e problemas, e o “destino manifesto”, o fervor patriótico que conduz os americanos a sua autoproclamação como povo eleito, incumbido de uma missão divina. Este artigo analisa, no plano geral, as manifestações do destino manifesto na experiência americana e, em particular, no governo de Donald Trump. O estudo foi delineado conforme as premissas de um ensaio, por conta de sua característica discursiva, argumentativa e expositiva. Utilizando os métodos de pesquisa exploratória e revisão bibliográfica, examinou-se os ciclos da história americana nos quais são confrontadas de forma alternada essas duas tendências. Discutiu-se as evidências e o nível de envolvimento do destino manifesto no governo Trump em termos religiosos, econômicos e culturais. Investigou-se um amplo encadeamento de percepções, desde as críticas a respeito da Teoria da América até a compreensão do destino manifesto como princípio justificador do processo de expansão territorial e ideológico dos EUA. A pesquisa constatou, na política interna e externa do governo Trump, tanto a narrativa messiânica do destino manifesto como alguns dos fundamentos geopolíticos e econômicos que caracterizam os governos conservadores americanos. Concluiu-se que o ar de originalidade e a ostentação desse governo precisam ser relativizados, pois suas ações, incluindo as evidências do destino manifesto, constituem aspectos retornáveis dos ciclos da história americana. Palavras-Chave: Ciclos da história americana; Destino manifesto; Trumpismo; Teoria da América; Liberalismo e Conservadorismo.
CRYPTIC CAUSES AND MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN AGEING
Authors:   Nalanda College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad Road, Nalgonda, A.P., India., Challabotla K , Banji D , Banji O.J.F , Reddy Chilipi K
Published: October 2021

Ageing is a natural process characterized by progressive deterioration of biological functions. Ageing causes both morphological as well as biochemical alterations in various body organs leading to deterioration of health. Proteins, enzymes and neurotransmitters are affected, which in turn can result in dysregulation of various pathways. WHO has reported that by 2020, three quarters of all deaths in developing countries will be age-associated. Currently more than 300 theories exist to explain the phenomenon of ageing; amongst them the oxidative stress theory of ageing is most studied and accepted for the molecular basis of ageing. All these processes can progress at an unprecedented pace on contact with triggering factors, leading to the development of pathological ageing. The probability of developing neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders is relatively high under such circumstances. This review emphasizes the theories and mechanisms of ageing and an overview on the aspects of age associated biochemical changes and the implications on the brain, liver and various organ systems.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CATIONIC GUAR AND HYDROXYPROPYL GUAR BASED IN SITU GELS FOR OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, P. Kalinga Rao Road Subbaiah Circle, Bangalore - 560027, Karnataka, India., Dasankoppa F. S. , Swamy N.G.N
Published: October 2021

The poor bioavailability and therapeutic response exhibited by the conventional eye drops due to rapid corneal loss is overcome by the use of ion-activated gel forming systems that are instilled as drops;these undergo gelation in cul-de-sac mode. The present study describes the design, development and evaluation of in situ ophthalmic drug delivery of antibacterial agent, linezolid, based on ion-activated guar gum derivatives. Novel polymers such as Cationic guar with hydroxypropyl guar are being used as gelling as well as viscosity enhancing agents. Differential scanning calorimetric studies have revealed that linezolid is compatible with all the excipients in the formulation. The study also aims at rheological characterization, effect of sterilization (moist heat) and effect of aging on the viscosity of in situ gels by calculating consistency index (K), flow behaviour index (n value) using power law model. The in vitro drug diffusion study for the developed formulations has also been carried out. The formulation CGHPG2,exhibiting good physical stability subsequent to sterilization and storage and further retaining the consistency index (K) and flow behavior index (n value), was chosen as the optimized formulation. The gel formed in situ revealed the sustained release of the drug for up to 12 hrs. Stability data recorded over a period of 6 months at elevated temperature conditions revealed the formulation to be stable. In vivo ocular toxicity studies revealed non irritant and non toxic nature of the formulation. Therefore, the developed guar gum derivative based ophthalmic in situ gel by virtue of its prolonged corneal residence time and sustained drug release could be considered a viable alternative to the conventional eye drop formulation in achieving enhanced bioavailability.