bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schoolteachers' Perspectives of Augmented Reality in Classroom Teaching
Authors: Shen Libi , Chen Irene Linlin
Published: December 2022

The advancement of technology has influenced our educational settings and students' learning immensely in recent decades. Augmented reality (AR) is one of them. The focus of this study was to investigate schoolteachers' perspectives of AR in classroom teaching. A qualitative method with a case study design was adopted for the study. Nineteen participants who were schoolteachers in southwest United States were solicited for interviews. The following research questions guided the study: (1) How do schoolteachers perceive the advantages of AR in teaching? (2) How do schoolteachers perceive the disadvantages of AR in teaching? (3) How do schoolteachers plan to integrate AR in classroom teaching? (4) How do schoolteachers foresee the support from the school districts in regards to the use of AR in teaching? (5) What suggestions do schoolteachers have for implementing AR in teaching? The findings showed 50 general themes and 14 significant themes. Suggestions for future research were recommended.
Educational Integration of the Metaverse Environment in the Context of Web 3.0 Technologies
Authors: Salar Hurşit Cem , Başarmak Uğur , Sezgin Mehmet Emre
Published: December 2022

It can be said that artificial intelligence and Metaverse are the most popular and current developments in computer and communication technologies. What these technologies are, how they basically work, their definition, studies and researches, new research topics, historical development, possible contributions to life and the world of education are examined in this chapter. In addition, the contributions of similar technologies in the past to educational environments and learning processes have been evaluated.
Interconnected Areas of Research
Authors: Fındık Derya , Akdeve Erdal , Osmanbaşoğlu Gülsen Kaya
Published: December 2022

The authors aim at revealing themes in this research field throughout the years between 1970 and 2016 by using the terms of social innovation and collaboration together. They apply co-citation analysis to find out the theoretical foundations of this recently emerged field. Thus, they obtain six clusters with different attributes, such as cross-sector partnerships in social innovation, the definition of social innovation, transition studies, social entrepreneurship, innovation studies, and inter-organizational relations.
Social Entrepreneurial Leadership for a Better World
Authors: Yıldız Müge Leyla
Published: December 2022

This chapter introduces the concept of entrepreneurial leadership and argues that it offers potential contributions to economic and social wealth. A theoretical framework of social entrepreneurial leadership and the characteristics of social entrepreneurial leaders is then posited. The similarities between social entrepreneurialism and other leadership styles such as ethical, transformative, authentic, sustainable, and servant leadership are explored. The conclusion reflects on the various understandings of social entrepreneurial leadership and how social entrepreneurial leaders can be characterized as the primary actors for a better world.
Developing Authentic Leadership and Fostering Social Entrepreneurial Innovation
Authors: Knox Matthew Wayne , Crawford Joseph , Kelder Jo-Anne
Published: December 2022

Despite their inherent complexity, social entrepreneurs seek to create social innovation to stem society's wicked problems. To do so requires a balanced consideration of varying social expectations, all while trying to lead a sustainable enterprise. Educators look to equip the social entrepreneur with the right skills and mindset; with program failure, sadly, more common than not. This chapter seeks to explore the commonalities of such failures, highlighting the importance of behavioral development and facilitating an effective learning environment. Following an investigation into the notion of social entrepreneurship, authentic leadership is identified as a response some of the shortcomings of contemporary entrepreneurship education. The incorporation of authentic leader behaviors in entrepreneurial education can offer an injection as the social entrepreneur seeks to address the various challenges of social enterprise.
Leadership Styles That Mostly Promote Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Doğru Çağlar
Published: December 2022

Creating social value with the help of social entrepreneurship is among the most meaningful goals of ventures in the modern world. The intent of this chapter is to evaluate the effects of different leadership styles on social entrepreneurship theoretically. A detailed literature scanning was conducted in order to find correlations between different leadership styles and social entrepreneurship so as to note which of them mostly promotes social entrepreneurship. Among the leadership styles included in the study, there exists entrepreneurial leadership, responsible leadership, innovative leadership, value-based leadership, visionary leadership, strategic leadership, transformational leadership, authentic leadership, cultural leadership, paternalistic leadership, servant leadership, ambidextrous leadership, ethical leadership, and negative leadership styles. As a consequence, all of the leadership styles included in this chapter, except for negative leadership styles, were proposed to promote social entrepreneurship based on the related literature.
Public Policy and the Sustainability of Third Sector Social Enterprises
Authors: Maher Chi
Published: December 2022

This article examines how public policy is shaping and bolstering small social enterprise sustainability in the UK regions. As government interests in social enterprise activities and contribution to public services delivery grows, the need to provide regional qualitative data that informs policy makers of the challenges and sustainability needs of these organisations is paramount. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and managers in three UK regions to ascertain how policy framework poses challenges and/or boosts small third-sector social enterprise sustainability. The research findings suggest strategies to improve sustainability will include changes in public policy to help these organisations to develop and sustain appropriate effective services. The research contributes to empirical research investigating the insinuation of regional funding variations on small social enterprise development and sustainability.
An Extended LBWA Framework in Picture Fuzzy Environment Using Actual Score Measures Application in Social Enterprise Systems
Authors: Biswas Sanjib , Majumder Shuvendu , Pamucar Dragan , Dawn Suman Kumar
Published: December 2022

Level-based weight assessment (LBWA) model is a recently introduced algorithm for determining criteria weights for multi-criteria group decision making. In this paper, the authors aim to extend the basic framework of LBWA in the picture fuzzy (PF) environment using actual score (AS) measures of the picture fuzzy numbers (PFN). They apply this extended framework in addressing a real-life problem pertaining to social entrepreneurship or social entrepreneurs (SE) in the context of COVID-19. They endeavor to identify the critical challenging factors of SE in the new normal. They list the challenges as revealed through literature review and take the opinion of a group of SEs using PF linguistic scale. They then apply the proposed framework, actual score-based picture fuzzy LBWA. They notice that ability to withstand disruption risk and show resilience and fund availability and creation of a supporting business ecosystems are the major challenges that SEs face in the new normal. They carry out validity checking and sensitivity analysis, which show reasonable consistency and stability in the result.
Training on Social Economy Entrepreneurship
Authors: Padilla-Zea Natalia , Aceto Stefania , Burgos Daniel
Published: December 2022

Social PlaNet is a gamified learning platform to train social economy entrepreneurship, which has been developed in the Social Seducement Erasmus+ project. The main aim of this project is offering a labour option to long-term unemployed people in scenarios with poor working offers by promoting self-employment and local development. As a result of the shared work of partners from different disciplines, Social PlaNet has been developed based on the selection of a good pedagogical approach, the challenges of managing disadvantaged groups of people and the need to increase motivation while keeping the process similar to reality. From this research, the gamification approach inserted in a graphic scenario has been revealed as a good option to promote the acquisition of soft and inter-personal skills. Furthermore, the figure of facilitator is a engine to foster, guide and monitor the group of these groups of potential social entrepreneurs.
Utilization of Online Platforms by Social Entrepreneurs for Social Sustainable Development
Authors: Herrmann-Fankhänel Anja
Published: December 2022

Socially sustainable development can be driven by individuals, entrepreneurs, growing start-ups, and international companies. As social entrepreneurs, people opt for a form of organization that contributes to social improvement through entrepreneurial means. The question is: How do they do it? The resource dependence approach (RDA) assumes that all decisions and activities of a (social) enterprise are based on information about its environment. Therefore, the four key components of the social enterprise (individual, organization, social innovation, market orientation) must be appropriate. In this chapter, therefore, social enterprises are outlined as active participants and shapers of the economy and society. Since an active improvement with regard to socially sustainable development is focused by the social enterprises in Africa, a description of the social enterprise's environment is also given within the framework of topical focuses. The goal is to derive recommendations about action for social enterprises to achieve their goals.
Utilizing Social Networks in Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Atsan Nuray
Published: December 2022

This chapter focuses on the linkage between social networks and social entrepreneurship and argues that social networks are crucial in social entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurs rely on different compositions of social networks in different stages of the entrepreneurial process. Drawing from network approach in entrepreneurship, this chapter continues by exploring the theoretical framework including conceptualizations of social entrepreneurship and social networks. It then introduces evolution of social networks in comply with organizational growth process. As a result, the chapter discusses utilizing social networks in social entrepreneurship. The conclusion reflects on possible characteristics of network usage and composition through the life cycle of social enterprises.
Mass Communication Education
Authors: Adams Anthony Troy
Published: December 2022

This chapter offers an enlivened mass communication education approach adaptive to traditionally taught, face-to-face, and hybrid delivery systems. Aimed at preparing students for active participatory and responsible global citizenship, this tripartite approach bridges mass communication and social entrepreneurship mediated through service-learning. The proposed teaching application encourages students to challenge status quo arrangements, provoke disruption, and promote societal change using disproportionality in school discipline, K-12, and challenges related to executive-level search committees and the failure to diversify college administrations as illustrations.
Fostering Community Agents Through Health Communication
Authors: Sanderson Emuni E.
Published: December 2022

Specific fields of communication have transformed due to the advancement of digital communication and utilization of technological tools. Health communication is an emerging field and consists of practical communication strategies used in the field of health and medicine that has expanded as digital media and social entrepreneurship were adopted as key conceptual factors in confronting health disparities of diverse populations. This chapter aims to demonstrate health communication's usage of digital media education and social entrepreneurship in cultivating the next generation of community agents to challenge social injustices and inequities; and create policy-level change.
A Proposal for the Transformation of Fossil Fuel Energy Economies to Hydrogen Economies Through Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Baquero Jossie Esteban Garzón , Monsalve Daniela Bellon
Published: December 2022

The world is growing at an ever-increasing rate, but this growth has occurred alongside an energy model based on fossil fuels, which presents serious sustainability problems. The current study seeks to illustrate one of the new alternative energy schemes which could replace fossil fuels in the future: hydrogen. The promise of hydrogen fuel has led large nations to invest in transitioning their fossil fuel economies to a hydrogen-based model. This will result in significant social impacts, leading to the question, How should it be done? Social entrepreneurship can integrate socio-economic actors and agents and help them to devise and implement new forms of energy innovation, which will open spaces for new business models. The current study conceptualizes within a present-day context the connotations of the hydrogen economy at an international level, its implications to society, and its synergy with social entrepreneurship. The authors observed the rapid growth that these entrepreneurship initiatives are generating and how the models used to manage these undertakings play a vital role.
Emergent First-Time Leadership in Patient Advocacy Organizations
Authors: Muller Nancy J.
Published: December 2022

Leadership in effecting change and transformation of the healthcare landscape on behalf of patients resides chiefly in patient advocacy organizations. The purpose of this chapter is to focus on leadership among not-for-profit patient advocacy organizations both in the U.S. and Europe by examining case studies of first-time leaders emerging in recent decades. Characteristics of these selected individuals are analyzed in the context of established leadership theories. Because of the necessity of securing funds to fulfill an organization's mission, transparency is of growing importance as an on-going and future challenge. Social entrepreneurism is introduced at the chapter's conclusion for its possible relevance to tomorrow's leaders emerging in patient advocacy organizations. Such thinking opens the door to future research to identify essential elements of success in the examination of first-time leadership in patient advocacy and to determine how it is best nurtured, mentored, and applauded.
Financing Social Enterprises Through Cash Waqf
Authors: Mohd. Zain Nor Razinah , Nur Fauziah Najim , Zakariyah Habeebullah , Mohd. Noor Azman
Published: December 2022

This research explores the potential of cash waqf in generating capital revenue in carrying out social-based investment through social enterprises. Looking closely into two different concepts (i.e., social enterprises and waqf), this research appreciates the understanding on the modern business model of social enterprise and the innovative version of religious social finance (i.e., cash waqf). Depending on qualitative methodology and analytical review, the discussion of this research is developed. These approaches are considered suitable and pragmatic for the suggested business model of social enterprise. Here, an innovative business model with a combination of social enterprise operation and cash waqf is introduced. It has the potential to stimulate further research to innovate religious social finance instruments to current and modern business models. This research proposes a business model of social enterprise that combines cash waqf in its operation for sake of generating capital revenue. Simultaneously, such a business model has the potential to expand the cash waqf in meeting social objectives of the social enterprise. As research findings, it is found that even though waqf is derived from a religious traditional philanthropic instrument, its innovative version of cash waqf can be utilised in generating capital revenue for social enterprises. As long as the required principles of cash waqf as provided under Islamic law is fulfilled, a combination of cash waqf in the operation of social enterprise can be carried out.
Integration Challenges of Immigrants in Smart Cities
Authors: Bernardino Susana , Santos J. Freitas
Published: December 2022

The most recent interpretations of the concept of smart city (SC) highlight the need for adopting a more holistic vision of SC, which includes other relevant features for understanding the dynamism of urban development and face new challenges. The study of a social entrepreneurship initiative (SPEAK) that aims to empower immigrants living in the main Portuguese cities is the method used in this research to understand the extent to which social innovation can make smart cities more human and sustainable. The results illustrate how a social entrepreneurship initiative can positively impact the creation of social value to immigrants in cities. As the evidence shows, the full integration of foreign migrants in cities may contribute to the sustainable resolution (or avoidance) of many severe social dysfunctions, as well as for the improvement of the quality of life of foreign migrants and local citizens. The approach adopted, based on the empowerment of the human element, is able to produce a sustainable response and contribute to other dimensions of SC.
Realities and Challenges of the Social Enterprises in South-Eastern European Countries
Authors: Matei Ani , Antonovici Corina-Georgiana , Săvulescu Carmen
Published: December 2022

The chapter objectives focus on mapping the sector of social economy in some states from South-Eastern Europe, presenting their role and impact due to the activities achieved in society. The theoretical part of the chapter comprises the evolution of social economy in Europe, in general, and in South-Eastern Europe, in particular, the identification of the types of organizations in this area. The case study identifies and presents the stages of development of the social enterprises in countries such as Romania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Moldova, and explores, by comparative analysis the institutional frameworks, the regulations of social enterprises, the eligible judicial forms, presenting similarities and differences, as well as the contribution to social inclusion and impact on community in general. The chapter identifies and explains the influence of the European actors and presents the factors specific to each country which have influenced and supported the emergence of social enterprises as well as the challenges faced.
Social Enterprise Awareness, Perception, and Purchase Influence in South East China
Authors: Chen Mingyi , Feng Jiawei , Marjerison Rob Kim , Chen Rongjuan
Published: December 2022

This study aims to explore awareness and interest in social enterprises in China and in doing so provide a benchmark for comparison with future research on the topic. There is a shortage of evidence in the previous literature with which to compare the present situation, but the regulatory emphasis and resources presently dedicated by the Chinese government to social enterprises makes research in this area relevant and makes it likely that the development of social enterprises would have an upward trend in awareness and interest. Primary data was collected from over 600 online surveys which measured awareness, purchase intention, and purchase motivation before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this chapter may contribute to future research on the trends of social enterprise awareness and interest in China and may also be of interest to those with an interest in social entrepreneurship.
Organizations of Social Entrepreneurship in Croatia
Authors: Majetić Filip , Rajter Miroslav , Šimleša Dražen
Published: December 2022

This chapter focuses on organizations of social entrepreneurship (SE) in Croatia. It primarily aims to 1) measure the level of their entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and social, economic, and overall performance; 2) explore the relationship between organizational EO and these three types of performance. While the topic represents a heavily investigated research field in the context of commercial entrepreneurship, it hasn't caught much attention among researchers of SE. So far, none of the above-mentioned variables have been empirically investigated within the SE scene in Croatia. The sample included 46 organizations, each represented by one highly ranked executive. The main findings revealed a relatively high level of organizational EO and social, economic, and overall performance, as well as a positive relationship among the variables.
The Role of Social Entrepreneurship in Women's Empowerment
Authors: Acar Erdur Duygu
Published: December 2022

This chapter discusses the role of social entrepreneurship in one of the long-lasting challenges of all cultures, women's empowerment. Empowering women is critical for development, and more importantly, it's a human rights issue. However, especially in developing country contexts, governments, international and non-governmental organizations may fall short to address the issue effectively. In this respect, social entrepreneurship may be an alternative to offer inclusive solutions. This chapter aims to generate a deeper understanding of how social entrepreneurship creates social value about women's empowerment. Following the qualitative methodology, a successful entrepreneurial initiative in Turkey, Çöp(m)adam is examined. Findings demonstrate that Çöp(m)adam contributes to both women's economic and psychological empowerment.
Assessing the Environmental and Social Obstacles to Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Elahi Nazima , Malik Qaisar Ali
Published: December 2022

Economic development is an ultimate goal of developing countries and utilization of human capital to achieve this goal is accepted vital globally. Entrepreneurship, recognized as a central force to bring economic growth, needs more women to be involved in this context. Studies on female-entrepreneurs are missing for developing countries, especially in the context of Pakistan. Therefore, this study is aimed to find the social and environmental factors acting as hindrance to female-entrepreneurship development in Pakistan. Primary data is collected from five major divisions of Pakistan involving 200 social entrepreneurs engaged in running their businesses and contributing towards the social well-being of society. The findings highlighting the major environmental and social factors are generalized and presented against each division in results section. It is concluded that access to finance, social norms, lack of adequate infrastructure, registration facilities, access to marketing, and acknowledgment are among the major factors, which deter their entrepreneurship development.
Integration of Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Authors: Ates Ozgur
Published: December 2022

The consequences of the Syrian Civil War that started in March 2011 have been tragic and devastating for the Syrian people. Many of them have fled their country and sought asylum in other parts of the world, especially in Turkey. The unofficial figures suggest that there are close to six million Syrian refugees living in Turkey, yet over two million of them are not registered to work under the temporary protection provided by the Turkish government. As a result of this, it is impossible for many refugees to get a legally paid job. Refugees usually work in informal sectors for extremely low wages. This makes refugees vulnerable to exploitation at work and get employed at jobs that locals are reluctant to do. This chapter highlights the case study of two non-profit companies that have been launched by two young Turkish social entrepreneurs in Turkey to create employment opportunities to provide regular and sustainable income to Syrian refugees that public and private sectors have failed to meet and address.
Strategic Sustainability Marketing and Social Responsibility in the Textile Industry
Authors: Schneider Katja , Arnold Marlen Gabriele
Published: December 2022

The global social, economic, and ecological sustainability challenges are immense, particularly in Africa. Given the continent's specific characteristics, there is a strong need to either shape “traditional” business models or to consider alternative corporate strategies. Those should in particular foster social change and progress through economic development. Social entrepreneurship is regarded as such an alternative approach. In addition, stronger aligning firms' business models to CSR dimensions as laid out in international standards such as ISO 26000 might be a valuable trajectory. By using an exploratory comparative case design and qualitatively analyzing the websites of four African textile companies, this chapter illustrates how social sustainability is being pursued. The findings suggest that sustainability-oriented textile companies strongly emphasize social sustainability, in particular labor practices, community involvement, and development. This enables further research on drivers and implications for sustainability marketing strategies in global textile value chains.
Servant Leadership as a Conduit Towards Mission-Centric Sustainability in Emerging Market Social Enterprises
Authors: Stouraitis Vasilios , Teles Amaral Daniella , Tsanis Konstantinos , Kyritsis Markos
Published: December 2022

With a focus on South Africa, the chapter presents an examination of servant leadership as a trigger for mission-centric social entrepreneurship in emerging markets. The chapter provides a behavioural tool and handbook towards focusing on mission-centric social entrepreneurship avoiding socially and long-term unsustainable excessive commercialization. Several recurring variables and associations from the literature on servant leadership are explored and discussed in relation to South African social enterprises to validate the argument presented. Using a random sample of 348 local social enterprises, it is seen that gender, “title,” and “options” present an association with servant leadership traits. In addition, it is shown that servant leadership traits presented are associated to the choice of type of social enterprise strategy. The chapter finally presents recommendations for managers and potential social entrepreneurs in emerging markets to achieve sustainability and avoid a mission drift. In addition, further academic research avenues are presented.
Social Enterprise Consumers
Authors: Mkhize Sandile Sandile , Ellis Debbie
Published: December 2022

Food security has become a major social concern. Social entrepreneurs seeking to address this social concern aim to produce safe food products which cause no harm to either consumers or the environment. To achieve these social goals social enterprises, apply business principles and practices one of which includes a marketing orientation. This involves thoroughly researching and understanding the targeted consumers so as to best satisfy their needs. This chapter reports on a study of organic food consumers so as to assist social enterprises aiming to target and satisfy their needs.
Dynamic of the Evaluation of Social Entrepreneurship Concept
Authors: Şengüllendi Muhammet Fatih
Published: December 2022

Research on social entrepreneurship has increased especially in the last 10 years. The reason for this is the contribution of social entrepreneurship to both social and economic development. The purpose of this research is to perform a bibliometric analysis of a total of 926 social entrepreneurship articles in the WoS (Web of Science) database. These data reveal the most prestigious authors, countries, journals, and articles in the field of social entrepreneurship. In addition, other concepts related to social entrepreneurship were visualized with co-word analysis. As a result of the analysis, the chapter is presented with ideas to show how scientific research progresses in the field and for future studies. At the same time, it explains the recent form in Turkish studies using the TR-Index database.
The Social Entrepreneur
Authors: Ülgen Beliz
Published: December 2022

Although social entrepreneurs have some common characteristics with business or commercial entrepreneurs, undoubtedly they differ in many ways. In this chapter, social entrepreneurs are highlighted with their core personality traits and motivation factors that are different from the other entrepreneurs. In the beginning, the definitions of social entrepreneurs put forward by different authorities were presented. Immediately after these definitions, the three main typologies—social bricoleurs, social constructionists, social engineers—and their characteristics were examined. By its nature and purpose, a social enterprise needs some specific entrepreneurial traits and driving factors. In the last section of this chapter, these personality traits and motivation factors were discussed.
The Individual and Behavioral Factors of Social Entrepreneurs
Authors: Fındıklı Mine Afacan , Yozgat Uğur
Published: December 2022

This chapter introduces the concept of social entrepreneurs and claims that some individual and behavioral factors contribute to social entrepreneurship. In this point of view, the purpose of this study is to highlight the leading individual and behavioral factors of the social entrepreneur. While exploring the theoretical framework, the theoretical foundations of social entrepreneurship and leading personality and behavioral characteristics have been investigated. The research is based on in-depth interviews with four participants to get a better understanding of the individual and behavioral factors of social entrepreneurs. As a result, the in-depth interviews showed that the social entrepreneurial potential encompass entrepreneurial motivations and psychological, social, managerial competencies. These dimensions contain self-motivation, self-efficacy, risk-taking, purposeful and success-oriented, strategic planning capacity, innovation capacity, social capital capacity, leadership capacity, resilience, resistance to uncertainty, conflict management capacity, and political maneuver capacity.
Ethics and Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Garg Renuka , Yadav Subhash
Published: December 2022

The authors highlight that it was the personal spiritual experience of the founders which slowly evolved into an ethical-spiritual social organization. The researchers suggest that ethical social entrepreneurship is the result of an intense yearning on the part of the social entrepreneur to serve and advance the wellbeing of people and the environment around them. These personal values of the social entrepreneurs impel a process of help and resource contribution from like-minded people and institutions which result in the formation of a social organization based on ethical intentions. The study proposes a new subdomain of social entrepreneurship which focuses on the subjective, individual, personal values of the social entrepreneur which result in the formation of the social enterprise. The present study is an attempt to highlight the role of own values in the creation and evolution of a social enterprise. It is an attempt to explore the relationship between ethics and social entrepreneurship with the help of three case studies of social enterprises in South Gujarat, India.
To Examine Women Social Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Authors: Nair Suja Ravindran
Published: December 2022

In the past few decades, the concept of social entrepreneurship has emerged as a popular area of research study and practice. However, despite women social entrepreneurs showing great potentials through a reduced gender gap in social entrepreneurship unlike commercial entrepreneurship where the gender gap is found to be high, not much literature is available on women's social entrepreneurial ventures. This study is an attempt to fill up this gap through a review of prior literature on the field of social entrepreneurship. By reviewing the existing literature, the author draws a comparison between social entrepreneurship and women social entrepreneurship, then examines the success factors in women's social entrepreneurship and also discusses the challenges. To build-up the link between the literature and practice two real case studies are presented in support of the discussed theoretical inputs. Finally, limitations and future research areas are discussed.
Resourced-Based View and Internationalisation of Social Enterprises
Authors: Pinho José Carlos M. R. , Macedo Isabel Maria , Dionisio Marcelo
Published: December 2022

Due to recent economic, social, and public health drawbacks, social enterprises (SEs) play an increasingly important role in addressing a wide range of social problems, as part of their market-based approach to social value creation. Since SEs operate mainly in challenging contexts characterized by scarce resource environments, they need to develop strategies in order to effectively accomplish their missions while achieving organisational sustainability. Often, SEs expand their activity overseas within an internationalisation strategy. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of resources in the internationalisation strategy undertaken by SEs. The study applies the resource-based view (RBV) to understand how the type and nature of resources may influence the international activities pursued by these organisations. The findings highlight the important role of different key resources in the growth, sustainability and internationalisation of SEs.
Chrysalis NGOs and Their Evolution Into Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Shah Mansi
Published: December 2022

The humanitarian crises from the archives have seen a multitude of economic agents striving to balance the incongruity across the globe and bring them in harmony with the developmental goals of the society. The Indian government has identified the role of society and social organisations in addressing the problems of the deprived segment to attain the neglected positive externalities. The crowding of non-governmental organisations over the years has led several researches in studying the prospects and effectiveness of the same. NGO is an umbrella term for all voluntary and charity ventures – relying on donations, subscriptions, and various activities for raising funds. The augmented scope of sustainability and unsatisfactory equilibrium existing in the society underpins their need to evolve. The paper reviews the research on the NGOs and their volunteers acknowledging the potential of NGOs in metamorphosing into different structures, concurrently enlarging the scope of its sustainability and the effectiveness of the value created.
Social Entrepreneur's Networks and Institutional Environment
Authors: Bernardino Susana , Santos José Freitas , Ribeiro José Cadima
Published: December 2022

Institutional environments are widely regarded as a crucial advantage of regions to promote social entrepreneurship. However, there is scarce empirical support on the importance of network relationships and the ties that bind, both institutions and social entrepreneurs. This study contributes to filling this gap by analyzing network relationships and the institutional environment in Portugal. A quantitative approach is used in the study, using primary data collected through an online survey. A questionnaire was emailed to both Portuguese Non-Governmental Organizations and projects available on the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange. In the analysis of the data, the authors used descriptive statistics and canonical correlation analysis in an attempt to examine the links between network relationships and the institutional environment. The results we got show that a favorable institutional environment is not independent of the decision to start a new social venture.
Assessing Social Entrepreneurs' Personal Network for Resource Acquisition
Authors: Bernardino Susana , Santos José Freitas
Published: December 2022

Social entrepreneurial activity is characterized by the innovative search for resource acquisition, combination, and management to pursue opportunities aiming at fulfilling the organization's mission. The network approach to entrepreneurship assumes that entrepreneurs use their personal network to acquire resources and manage the assets of the organization. This chapter intends to analyze whether social entrepreneurs use their personal network to acquire different resources. The investigation uses a quantitative approach, based on an online survey of individuals involved in the management of Portuguese social organizations. The results attained reveal that social entrepreneurs are usually involved in strong and diversified networks. Their personal networks shape the way human, financial, and informational resources are obtained and managed. The major influence is made by social entrepreneurs' indirect contacts (weak ties) and the benefits they perceive these networks are able to provide.
Towards Cooperative With Competitive Alliance
Authors: Huda Miftachul , Qodriah Sari Laelatul , Rismayadi Budi , Hananto Aprilia , Kardiyati Endah Nurhawaeny , Ruskam Aminuddin , Nasir Badlihisham Mohd
Published: December 2022

The advantage of competitive atmosphere in business has a significant role in helping to enhance productivity. It is necessary to empower competitive awareness with cooperative engagement to give clear understanding for core guideline and insightful view on promoting social entrepreneurship. This chapter attempts to explore the initiated engagement between cooperative and competitive concern paid attention in the particular way among the firms along with increasing popularity to achieve certain objectives like growing the business with entrepreneurship. The finding reveals that attracting growing amounts of cooperative and competitive alliance should be strengthened to gain the feedback and insights into performance value in social entrepreneurship where this is eventually integrated with the entrepreneurship in a way that underlies the value to run the potential business. This chapter is supposed to contribute significant insights into exploring the key role of strategies to give the beneficial feedback to perform continuous improvement in social entrepreneurship.
Companies and the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Diez-Busto Elsa , San-Martín Paula , Pérez Andrea
Published: December 2022

This chapter explores the role that the private sector assumes in promoting sustainable development and fighting economic, social, and environmental international challenges by working on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. From a theoretical approach, the chapter provides a literature review on business strategies (i.e., corporate social responsibility and social entrepreneurship) that can align business goals with the SDGs. It also presents a discussion on the main benefits of working on the SDGs (i.e., social impact and business value) that serves as a rationale for companies to invest in social and environmental programs. The chapter concludes with an overview of recent literature that has explored the corporate-SDGs intersection, which assists the authors in identifying gaps in current literature and relevant areas of future research on the involvement of the private sector in the Agenda 2030.
Reimagining the Internship and Practicum Program
Authors: Hunter Jasmine
Published: December 2022

In this chapter, the author will touch on the necessity of social entrepreneurship within the communication program curriculum. Higher education institutions, especially historically Black colleges and universities (HBCU), commit themselves within their mission and vision statements to producing and molding the leaders of today. Since their inception, well-rounded leaders and entrepreneurs have been birthed from those historic halls and navigated their way to the highest heights of society. Therefore, it is imperative that students turned leaders must have an entrepreneurial skillset to make it within the courtroom, boardroom, classroom, and beyond.
Social Enterprises and Fundraising Challenge
Authors: Pjero (Beqiraj) Elenica , Kordha Ermelinda
Published: December 2022

Evolving markets challenge the organization's ability to react to customer demand. Decision-making becomes paralyzed by process-based operations and chains of command and control, thereby decreasing agility. Many organizations today are also facing significant demographic challenges. Baby boomers, once the lifeblood of business, are retiring while Generation Y wants to communicate and interact in a completely different manner. There may be four generations in the modern workplace, and each has its unique traits and demands. There is growing complexity both inside and outside the organization. Organizations need to understand complexity instead of simply increasing complication. The growth of interest in this area is closely related to the fact that social enterprises constitute the fastest growing category of organizations in the USA and to the fact that universities and business schools around the globe are currently involved in various education programmes in social entrepreneurship and social enterprise.
Integrated Urban Freshwater Landscape at Risk
Authors: Gunathilaka M. D. K. L. , Harshana W. T. S.
Published: December 2022

Freshwater wetlands are more threatened than any other ecosystem in the world. The current trend of freshwater wetland crisis arises a question ‘whether it is conversion or conservation of wetlands' which is absolutely a dilemma. Therefore, this study aims critical evaluation at wetland governance and sustainability of urban wetlands in Colombo. The results reveal that the Colombo wetlands have lost their territory from a moderate to a severe degree. The wetland loss is higher in Kaduwela, Kolonnawa, and Kesbewa areas. Recently the causes of Colombo wetland loss has moved with a new frame. Land grabbing and green grabbing are the cycles that transforming the geostrategically important urban wetlands into hybrid ecosystems. Due to this, the frequency of flash flood events and inundation time has increased than ever. It is important to ensure urban freshwater wetland sustainability and surveillance following sustainable development goals and it is time to have freshwater ethics.
Impact of Climate Change on Subterranean Wetland Biodiversity in Tafilalet South-Eastern Morocco
Authors: El Filali Asma El Alami , Ben Salem Abdelkrim , Messouli Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Groundwater in Tafilalet supports diverse faunas (stygofauna) that include many obligate groundwater-dependent species (stygobites). Prospecting campaigns on underground fauna in Tafilalt region were collected in a database that was later used to develop distribution patterns for each species harvested. Tafilalet is characterized by low rainfall, high temperatures, and very high evaporation. Those severe climate conditions influence water availability for vegetation growth and fauna stability. The present work aims to, assess stygobiont richness in subterranean environment of Tafilalet. Species data were organized in database form and geographic information system (GIS) was used to establish geographical patterns of species and test fauna and environment parameters relationship, to identify a network of stygofauna sites priority for conservation and defined areas with high taxonomic richness and high level of endemism. Risk assessment and decision-making framework for managing groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) development are required.
The Sustainability of Seafood Market Under the Attack of Invasive Alien Species
Authors: Kaplan Merve , Yildirim Seda
Published: December 2022

This study aims to review the risk of invasive alien species in Turkish marines in the context of sustainable seafood market. Thus, this study investigates the challenges of invasive alien species on seafood market and marine biodiversity. By using classifications, tables, and figures, this study will determine the current profile of Turkish seafood market due to the risk level with alien species. The open access data obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) will be used to give main indicators for Turkish seafood market. Then, recent reports and news will be used to determine the efficiency of the implications and policies to fight against to alien species in Turkey. By reviewing recent news and reports, it is thought to give a holistic approach for the related literature.
Clinical impact of ERG and PTEN status in prostate cancer patients underwent radical prostatectomy
Authors: Fragkoulis Charalampos , Glykas Ioannis , Tzelves Lazaros , Stamatakos Panagiotis Velissarios , Papadopoulos Georgios , Stathouros Georgios , Dellis Athanasios , Ntoumas Konstantinos , Kostopoulou Akrivi , Deliveliotis Charalampos , Papatsoris Athanasios
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Phosphate and tensin homolog gene (PTEN) acts as a regulator of PI3-KAkt molecular pathway. ETS Related gene (ERG), an oncogene located in chromosome 21q22.2, is involved in prostate cancer (PCa) by serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a protein encoded by TMPRSS2 gene. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical impact of PTEN loss and ERG rearrangement in terms of oncologic results in patients diagnosed with localized PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy. Materials and methods: Prospective data were collected from a total of 74 patients who underwent open radical retropubic prostatectomy for localized PCa and immunohistochemical study was performed in tissue samples. The primary antibodies for anti-ERG antibody as well as anti-PTEN antibody were obtained from DAKO. ERG was considered positive if at least 20% of the evaluated cells were stained at least with medium intensity. PTEN protein loss was considered when the intensity of cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was mild or entirely negative across > 10% of tumor cells. Results: Homogenous loss of PTEN was associated with higher clinical International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade (p = 0.018) while no statistical significant association was present regarding the presence of ERG rearrangement with either ISUPc or ISUPp. After a median follow up of 34 months, 24 patients developed biochemical recurrence. No statistical significant correlation of ERG status with biochemical recurrence was noted while PTEN was associated with biochemical recurrence development in a statistical significant way. Lastly the combination of PTEN loss with ERG rearrangement presence was detected more often in higher ISUPc and ISUPp as well as biochemical recurrence development, although in a non statistical significant way. Conclusions: Homogenous and heterogenous PTEN loss was associated with biochemical recurrence. No association of ERG and biochemical recurrence was noted. The combination of PTEN loss and ERG rearrangement presented a trend for higher ISUPc and ISUPp as well as biochemical recurrence but not in a statistical significant way.