Epidemiological study of the prevalence of cystitis in women of the Voronezh region
Authors:   N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of Ministry of health of Russian Federation, Apolikhin O.I. , Wagenlehner Florian ,   University of Giessen, Voytko D.A. ,   N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of Ministry of health of Russian Federation, Zolotukhin O.V. ,   Voronezh regional hospital No1, Naber Kurt ,   University of Munich, Nazarenko D.G. ,   Bobrovskaya CRH, Perepanova T.S. ,   N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of Ministry of health of Russian Federation, Prosyannikov M.Yu. ,   N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of Ministry of health of Russian Federation, Sivkov A.V. ,   N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of Ministry of health of Russian Federation, Shaderkin I.A. ,   Institute of Digital Medicine of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to an epidemiological study of the prevalence of cystitis and risk factors for recurrence this disease. Materials and methods. The study is based on the data obtained during the screening survey of 1014 women in the age group of 18-80 years old, permanently residing in the Bobrovsky district of the Voronezh region. Based on the age of the subjects, 3 groups were formed: Group 1 (general group) - 1014 women, Group 2 (fertile age) - 551 women, Group 3 (postmenopausal age) - 463 women. To study the influence of risk factors on the development of cystitis, the following criteria were used: antibiotic therapy, sex life, urinary disorders, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) dysfunction, etc. The obtained material was processed using the computer program Statistics 10.0. 𝛘2 was used as a statistical tool. Results. Of the total number of women surveyed, 15.3% had risk factors according to the ORENUC classification system based on the clinical picture of UTI, anatomical level of UTI, the severity of infection, classification of risk factors and the availability of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The largest number of risk factors was found in postmenopausal patients (p <0.05). It was found that despite the fact that most of the subjects were sexually active, the absence of sexual activity and the presence of one sexual partner did not affect the presence of a history of cystitis episode (p> 0.05), however, it was revealed that the history of cystitis was significantly associated with functions of the gastrointestinal tract (p<0.05). The use of tactics aimed at active detection of cystitis, by means of questionnaires, can increase the detection rate of cystitis by 10 times. Discussions. In our study, we did not find a large number of cases of recurrent cystitis, in contrast to previously published works, which cited figures from 10 to 30% of the number of women, however, by means of questionnaires, we managed to deduce the prevalence of cystitis in the studied region in women over 18 years old. which amounted to 17.4%. The figure obtained is consistent with data published in previously papers. Conclusions. TThis study has confirmed the previously published works indicating the relationship of cystitis with gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, we found that the prevalence of cystitis (having one or more episodes during a lifetime) in the study group was 17.4%. The annual incidence of cystitis in the study group was 3.2%, while according to official statistics in the region it does not exceed 0.4%. The latter fact indicates the need for further research and strengthening of sanitary and edu- cational work among the population (Internet, TV, radio, newspapers, etc.).