bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Optimization Modeling of Hybrid Energy Systems
Authors: Mallek Marwa , Euchi Jalel , Jerbi Yacin
Published: August 2021

Hybrid energy systems (HESs) are an excellent solution for electrification of remote rural areas where the grid extension is difficult or not economical. Usually, HES generally integrate one or several renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal with fossil fuel powered diesel/petrol generator to provide electric power where the electricity is either fed directly into the grid or to batteries for energy storage. This chapter presents a review on the solution approaches for determining the HES systems based on various objective functions (e.g. economic, social, technical, environmental and health impact). In order to take account of environmental and health impacts from energy systems, several energy optimization model was developed for minimizing pollution and maximizing the production of renewable energy.
Turkey's Renewable Energy Potential
Authors: Gök Suudan Gökçe
Published: August 2021

The energy sector holds a crucial strategic importance for development and its sustainability. However, the energy reserves in Turkey are insufficient for the increasing energy demand. For this reason, the need for alternative energy sources has emerged. The fact that fossil fuels used in energy production will be exhausted and their damaging effects on the environment has made it inevitable for the world to use renewable energy. In Turkey, the following are the main energy sources used in electricity production: hydraulic sources, brown coal, natural gas, coal and fuel oil. The use of renewable energy sources in electricity production has shown a considerable development in the world over the past few decades. However, these energy resources have yet to be exploited to any large extent in Turkey. In this chapter, the range of potential renewable energy resources available for electricity production in Turkey will be analyzed in order to determine the necessary technical substructure to make these renewable energy resources more attractive.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Programs in the Design of Power Complexes Based on Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Min Thu Yein , Tyagunov Michael G. , Deriugina Galina M.
Published: August 2021

This chapter studies the prospects of energy complexes on the basis of renewable energy sources to supply electricity to the stand-alone consumers in different regions of Myanmar. In order to do that, the territory of Myanmar is divided into regions according to their amount of renewable energy sources. The developed methods are for determining the optimum parameters and operation of the energy complex on the basis of renewable energy sources and the cost-effectiveness of those energy complexes was examined. This was for the purpose of a mathematical formulation of the problem of optimization of the energy complex on the basis of renewable energy sources for autonomous rural consumers of the Republic of Myanmar.
Implementing the European Union Renewable Energy Policy Targets in Bulgaria
Authors: Ruseva Tatyana B. , Petrova Maria A.
Published: August 2021

As a member of the European Union (EU), Bulgaria has been implementing the EU's policy targets designed to increase the share of renewable energy (RE) use in gross final energy consumption by 2020. The target for Bulgaria, set at 16%, was accomplished eight years earlier than mandated, in 2012. The result of rapid but poorly regulated growth in renewables—seemingly a success story—illustrates the potential pitfalls of RE policy implementation. Having met its target, Bulgaria undertook a series of restrictive policy measures that undermined short-term RE growth, increased regulatory uncertainty and market stagnation. The objective of this chapter is to understand the factors that shaped these unintended policy measures and outcomes. Drawing on key informant interviews, the chapter presents a case study of renewable energy policy implementation in a multi-level governance system and illustrates the boomerang effects associated with top-down policy implementation.
Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Wind and Solar Renewable Energy System
Authors: Geleta Diriba Kajela , Manshahia Mukhdeep Singh
Published: August 2021

If properly designed and utilized, earth has rich potential of clean energy in satisfying the energy demand of the world. In this chapter, nature-inspired methodology was employed to optimize hybrids of renewable energy system in the case of Jeldu district of Ethiopia. The main goal of the researchers here is to minimize the total annual cost of the system, which can be designed by using appropriate numbers of components based on the pre-designed constraints to satisfy the load demand. MATLAB code was designed for the proposed methodology, and the results were discussed. It was seen from the result that the proposed approach has solved the optimum sizing of defined problem with high convergence. The results show that energy demand of the village can be optimally satisfied by the use of wind and solar hybrid system. Moreover, the application of this chapter is important for countries like Ethiopia to increase access to electricity.
A Green Energy Management Framework for Software Development Firms
Authors: Sambhanthan Arunasalam
Published: August 2021

This chapter documents a green energy management framework for software development companies. An initial framework has been constructed through analyzing the reports of large scale software development firms. The key components of the framework consist of energy sources and energy efficiency, energy-efficient heating, energy-efficient lighting, and energy-efficient cooling. These themes include a number of sub-themes and criteria therein which are used to build the green energy management framework and then utilized for constructing the research questions for further data collection. The results highlight the most efficient energy sources, efficient heating measures and technologies, efficient lighting measures, and technologies as well as efficient cooling measures and technologies. Implications for practice have been suggested at the end of the chapter.
A Global Perspective on Experiences and Practices for Low Carbon Technologies and Renewable Energy in Islands
Authors: Spataru Catalina
Published: August 2021

Attention on islands energy systems is gradually increasing worldwide, enhancing sustainable resources on islands through a number of strategies and plans which aim to support and raise local awareness towards climate change. These plans, either in the form of official legal frameworks or through initiatives, aim at promoting energy efficiency, renewable energy, and effective resource management. Outcomes of those initiatives includes actions, programs, and projects where a number of islands demonstrate as test-beds for innovation and best practices. While autonomous states have larger control on implementing sustainable policies, they usually experience low economic prosperity. Islands that are part of a wider nation need to ensure adequate representation in government decision making. Due to the complexity of islands characteristics, best practices were discussed and analyzed for very small and small islands (micro), medium islands nations (meso), and large islands nations (macro).
Business Models and Policies to Support Renewable Energy Community in Islands
Authors: Spataru Catalina
Published: August 2021

This chapter starts with an introductory part, explaining the role of business models and analyzing the different financial models of ownership. It has been concluded that in renewable energy projects, ownership business models center in specialized complexity, economies of scale, capital costs, and financing perspectives based on its own characteristics. It has many favorable features including the ability to provide power to local communities and create jobs. However, business models include several decisive financing, service, and monitoring characteristics. Business models should be dynamic, while being adjusted to the special conditions, features, and risks of the given project. In renewable energy projects, ownership business models center on the specialized complexity, economies of scale, capital costs, and financing perspectives. The public-private partnership (PPP) is usually the optimum business model option for medium- to large-scale or grid-connected renewable energy projects, and is usually applied with a structure of a built-own-operate-transfer or multiparty ownership.
Renewable Energy Sources Development in Rural Areas of African Countries
Authors: Nefedova Liudmila V. , Solovyev Alexander Alexsvitch , Popova Olena
Published: August 2021

The prospects of increasing access to electricity for the population of rural areas of Africa are considered. The main international funds and organizations aimed at sustainable energy development in Africa are described. An analysis of the state and possible options for using renewable energy sources for this purpose in decentralized energy supply through the creation of mini-grids or stand-alone systems is given. The risks by developing renewable energy sources in rural areas and modern mechanisms for financing in solar energy are presented.
Decision Making for Energy Management in Smart Grid
Authors: Shendryk Vira , Boiko Olha , Parfenenko Yuliia , Shendryk Sergii , Tymchuk Sergii
Published: August 2021

The chapter discusses the problem of energy management in Smart MicroGrid. The strategies of Smart MicroGrid energy management and objectives of Smart MicroGrid operation have been analyzed. The chapter emphasizes the potential of information technologies implementation to achieve energy management goals and provide a description of energy management information system which is used for MicroGrid planning and operation. The information flows which are used for making decision on Smart MicroGrid energy management have been analyzed.
The Energy Policy of Bulgaria
Authors: Can Hamit , Minkovska Daniela
Published: August 2021

Energy is considered the main input for economic and industrial development. In this context, it is important that countries develop sustainable energy policies in order to meet economic growth and energy demand. Government policies play a critical role in economic growth and incentives for innovation. This chapter summarizes Bulgaria's energy policies as an increasingly important energy transit country due to its strategic location. These policies were presented in line with the European Union energy policies and the solutions of the characteristics of the country. Some of the targets to be implemented are as follows: ensuring energy supply security, achieving RES share targets, energy efficiency improvements, development of a competitive energy market, safe energy needs and protection of consumers, establishment of the necessary infrastructure and diversification of energy resources, strengthening the external relations and solidarity coordinated in the field of energy.
Research on First Mini Solar Power Plants to Produce Electric Power on the South Serbia
Authors: Mitković Mihailo , Đekić Jelena , Mitković Petar , Igić Milica
Published: August 2021

The solar radiation and energy potential in Serbia is 30% higher than in Central Europe, and the intensity of solar radiation is among the highest in Europe. Specifically suitable are the condition for usage of solar energy in southeast Serbia where the annual average of global radiation on a horizontal surface amounts to more than 4.2 kWh/m2 a day. This chapter discusses four photovoltaic solar power plants, two having been installed in the territory of the city of Leskovac and two in the Bosilegrad territory. The research is based on geographical location of solar power plants, orientation, and inclination of the panels in respect to the horizontal surface. All the processed solar power plants have the capacity 30-40 kW. The chapter is projection of two years of researching and measuring data on the initial investments in order reach profitability and investment return period. The solar power plants that have fitted angle of 33° (Fortuna) give higher production of electric power than in those panels that have angle inclination of 10° (Domit).
Microfinance and Polycentric Governance as Strategies for Renewable Energy Deployment in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Chirambo Dumisani
Published: August 2021

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is one of the least electrified regions in the world and also a region that is characterized by poverty and inequality due to high levels of climate change vulnerability. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and facilitate the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals, SSA policymakers are compelled to devise new innovative strategies and policies to enhance investments in renewable energy technologies (RETs). Accordingly, this chapter provides an assessment of some strategies to accelerate RET deployment and the potential of polycentric governance systems to improve RET deployment. The assessment concluded that even though renewable energy investments through climate finance and microfinance modalities are not at a level sufficient to ensure that universal energy access can be attained in the region, SSA can still accelerate its progress on RET deployment by utilizing nationally determined contributions as instruments to direct South-South aid, trade, and investments into priority renewable energy sub-sectors.
Trends in the Renewable Energy Business
Authors: Tantau Adrian , Staiger Robert
Published: August 2021

The renewable energy business increase its volume each year due to the technology development and due to new business opportunities based on international (e.g., EU) and national support schemes, that have the goal to reduce the CO2 and other emissions of GHG. This chapter presents the main trends in the renewable energy business with main focus on the PV and H2 business. The objective of this chapter is to design a picture of the future of the renewable energy and not only. It is a view of the future of our planet in a dynamic environment characterized by proliferation of new renewable energy installments that are more personalized due to the diffusion of new information and communication technologies (IoT, Big Data, Smart grid) and new business models. The chapter offer an answer regarding to the future of renewable energy business in general, and to the future of PV and H2 business in special.
Improving Renewable Energy Source in Automotive Applications
Authors: Liu Wei , Shi Hongbo , Ma Hailing , Tsai Sang-Binge
Published: August 2021

With the rapid development of automobile industry, people have become more and more aware of the shortage of the traditional automobile energy and the irreversible pollution to the environment. Sustainable development will be the first place in the automobile industry, but there is no clear evidence to identify the most effective specific solution. This chapter is divided into two parts, the first part aims to analyze the evaluation of automotive sustainable development by synthesis. A new hybrid multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) model that combines DEMATEL technique and DANP method is proposed. By analysis and comparison, the result shows that renewable energy source is the main influencing criteria that affects the automobile sustainable development. Based on this, the second part of this chapter provides an effective solution. An advanced energy storage based on the super capacitor of self-generating wireless charging is designed to be used in automotive applications. It has advantages of short charging time, high power conversion efficiency and low power consumption.
A Systematic Review of Attributes and Techniques for Open Source Software Evolution Analysis
Authors: Saini Munish , Chahal Kuljit Kaur
Published: August 2021

Many studies have been conducted to understand the evolution process of Open Source Software (OSS). The researchers have used various techniques for understanding the OSS evolution process from different perspectives. This chapter reports a meta-data analysis of the systematic literature review on the topic in order to understand its current state and to identify opportunities for the future. This research identified 190 studies, selected against a set of questions, for discussion. It categorizes the research studies into nine categories. Based on the results obtained from the systematic review, there is evidence of a shift in the metrics and methods for OSS evolution analysis over the period of time. The results suggest that there is a lack of a uniform approach to analyzing and interpreting the results. There is need of more empirical work using a standard set of techniques and attributes to verify the phenomenon governing the OSS projects. This will help to advance the field and establish a theory of software evolution.
On Challenges for Implementing ISO Standards in Software
Authors: Lundell Björn , Gamalielsson Jonas , Katz Andrew
Published: August 2021

Over the years, the importance of open standards has been acknowledged in EU and national policies. Formal (e.g., ISO) standards are often referred to in software development and procurement. Use of formal (ISO) standards and to what extent ISO standards can be implemented in open source software is considered, with particular reference to patent licensing. It is shown that not all formal standards are open standards and that FRAND commitments may impose major challenges for use of such standards. Further policies and procedures set by standards setting organisations (SSOs) regarding the notification of standards-essential patents (SEPs) present challenges for organisations wishing to implement standards in software. This chapter elaborates implications and suggests ways of addressing the challenges identified. Use of formal standards may create barriers for implementation in open source software and inhibit an open and inclusive business-friendly ecosystem.
Strategy of Good Software Governance
Authors: Tolu Hüseyin
Published: August 2021

To chapter concerns emerging cybernetics, which is the school of “meaning to lead” and is particularly associated with the idea of dominations and controls. This chapter initially anatomizes the sociology of software cybernetics into two broad movements—free/libre and open source software (FLOSS) and proprietary close source software (PCSS)—to argue a good software governance approach. This chapter discusses (a) in what matters and (b) for what reasons software governance of Turkey has locked into the ecosystems of PCSS and, in particular, considers causes, effects, and potential outcomes of not utilizing FLOSS in the state of Turkey. The government has continuously stated that there are no compulsory national or international conventions(s) and settlement(s) with the ecosystems of PCSS and that there is no vendor lock-in concern. Nevertheless, the chapter principally argues that Turkey has taken a pragmatic decision-making process of software in the emerging cybernetics that leads and contributes to techno-social externality of PCSS hegemonic stability.
Understanding Users' Contributions in Open Source Software Communities
Authors: Zhou Tao
Published: August 2021

User contributions are crucial to the success of open source software (OSS) communities. As users conduct frequent interactions between each other, their contribution behaviour may receive the social influence from other members. Drawing on the social influence theory, this research examined user contributions in OSS communities. The results indicated that contribution intention is significantly affected by social identity, which includes cognitive, affective and evaluative identity. In addition, the researchers found that the subjective norm has a negative effect on contribution intention. The results imply that service providers need to enhance user identification with the community in order to facilitate their contribution in OSS communities.
Does an Open Source Development Environment Facilitate Conventional Project Management Approaches and Collaborative Work?
Authors: Garling Richard
Published: August 2021

Open source software (OSS) is very well known for allowing free access to the source code of the application. The idea is to allow for the creation of a better product. The more people working to make each aspect of an application better, more minds create more ideas, create a better project. OSS runs the internet since all of the protocols—network time protocol (NTP), HTTP, amongst many others—are OSS projects with many years of use. These projects are run by volunteers worldwide. But, none of these projects are run using the traditional methodologies of project management: Waterfall and Agile. This chapter asks: How does an open source development environment facilitate conventional Waterfall project management approaches? and How does an open source development environment facilitate Agile project collaborative work? The method used to determine the answers used surveys and questionnaires involving actual participants in a variety of OSS projects from across the United States (US). The questions asked concerned the organization OSS projects, did they use a particular traditional methodology or some other non-defined method of organization? The answers received by this study centered on non-defined methods of organization; traditional methodologies were considered too restrictive and not agile enough to allow for the freedom cherished by their volunteers.
Open Source Online Learning in Rural Communities
Authors: Ackerman Gary L.
Published: August 2021

Anyone is free to use open source software without the need to purchase the right to install it. Despite its appeal to school and technology leaders in rural communities, they are less likely to install it than others. In this chapter, three cases in which open source technology was installed to support teaching and learning in three rural communities are described. In each, the systems were deployed and refined using decision-making grounded in educational design research. The projects are detailed, and the method of technology planning is assessed. Unanswered questions are also addressed.
Development of Assessment Criteria for Various Open Sources GIS Software Packages
Authors: Shams Shahriar
Published: August 2021

There has been a significant development in the area of free and open source geospatial software. Research has flourished over the decades from vendor-dependent software to open source software where researchers are paying increasing attention to maximize the value of their data. It is often a difficult task to choose particular open source GIS (OGIS) software among a number of emerging OGIS software. It is important to characterise the projects according to some unified criteria. Each software has certain advantages and disadvantages and it is always time consuming to identify exactly which software to select for a specific purpose. This chapter focuses on the assessment criteria enabling developers, researchers, and GIS users to select suitable OGIS software to meet their requirements for analysis and design of geospatial application in multidisciplinary fields. This chapter highlights the importance of assessment criteria, followed by an explanation of each criteria and their significance with examples from existing OGIS software.
An Open Source Software
Authors: Ghose Dipanjan , Naskar Sreejita , Shabbiruddin  , Roy Amit Kumar
Published: August 2021

Most of the issues regarding power supply occurs due to transmission of power through long distances over diverse and unsuitable landscapes. A solar power plant, if installed within the vicinity of the diverse recipient areas, cuts short the transmission related problems by great numbers and acts like an absolute boon to hilly terrains like Sikkim. The study presented here investigates the land suitability for medium-scale solar power installations in Sikkim by using open source software - Quantum-Geographic Information System (Q-GIS) combined with Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques. Six exclusion criteria are identified to avoid unsuitable areas for plant installation. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to rank the available areas according to their suitability, which have been further presented in a technology-aided suitability map. Such a study greatly reduces the feasibility related issues for investors in such projects to visit every site available for construction of the plant, saving time and money.
Role of Free and Open Source GIS in River Rejuvenation
Authors: Kundassery Smart , Babu C. A.
Published: August 2021

Rivers represent one of the sources of freshwater. The existence and survival of humanity is intricately connected with the availability of freshwater resources. It is valuable to provide comprehensive information of all water resources through online geo-visual interfaces. Specific web slices can be of use, such as the illustration of headwater sources along with details of streams of various orders and tributaries up to the point of merging with the sea downstream. Since the local self-government departments, Grama Panchayat, can play a crucial role, they too are eager to know the details of the drainage network flowing within each administration unit. The possibilities emerging out of integration of free and open source GIS is enormous and can eventually succeed in bringing forth a ray of hope to the forlorn riverine ecosystem.
Designing a Framework of Ethnomedicinal Plant Knowledge Integration Using OSS
Authors: Das Piyali
Published: August 2021

Indigenous knowledge refers to the knowledge, innovations, and practices of indigenous communities. Ethnic groups are repository knowledge of herbal medicine. Many indigenous people use several plants for medicinal preparations, and these medicines are known as ethnomedicine. It has developed from experience gained over centuries. Species of ethnomedicinal plants are threatened in most of nations due to overexploitation, habitat loss, destructive harvesting techniques, unsustainable trade, and deforestation. Documented indigenous knowledge on ethnomedicine forms part of the documentary heritage of the nation. The chapter will provide a framework for design an information retrieval system for ethnomedicine or knowledge on medicinal plants that are used to manage human ailments. The framework will be prepared, established on the open source software (OSS), and is appropriate not only for documentation but also beneficial for retrieving domain-specific knowledge. The model provides a framework for resource integration digitally using Greenstone Digital Library (GSDL) software.
Introduction to the Popular Open Source Statistical Software (OSSS)
Authors: Wu Zhijian , Zhao Zichen , Niu Gao
Published: August 2021

This chapter first introduces the two most popular Open Source Statistical Software (OSSS), R and Python, along with their Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and Graphical User Interface (GUI). Secondly, additional OSSS, such as JASP, PSPP, GRETL, SOFA Statistics, Octave, KNIME, and Scilab, will also be introduced in this chapter with function descriptions and modeling examples. The chapter intends to create a reference for readers to make proper selection of the Open Source Software when a statistical analysis task is in demand. The chapter describes software explicitly in words. In addition, working platform and selective numerical, descriptive, and analysis examples are provided for each software. Readers could have a direct and in-depth understanding of each software and its functional highlights.
A Novel Approach Using Non-Synonymous Materialized Queries for Data Warehousing
Authors: Chakraborty Sonali Ashish
Published: August 2021

Data from multiple sources are loaded into the organization data warehouse for analysis. Since some OLAP queries are quite frequently fired on the warehouse data, their execution time is reduced by storing the queries and results in a relational database, referred as materialized query database (MQDB). If the tables, fields, functions, and criteria of input query and stored query are the same but the query criteria specified in WHERE or HAVING clause do not match, then they are considered non-synonymous to each other. In the present research, the results of non-synonymous queries are generated by reusing the existing stored results after applying UNION or MINUS operations on them. This will reduce the execution time of non-synonymous queries. For superset criteria values of input query, UNION operation is applied, and for subset values, MINUS operation is applied. Incremental result processing of existing stored results, if required, is performed using Data Marts.
Ride on Conveniently!
Authors: Hasan Noman , Khan Abdul Gaffar , Hossen Mohammad Awal , Islam Ariful
Published: August 2021

This study investigates the passengers' adoption of a ride-sharing service app (UBER) in Bangladesh. This study employed the most widely used and cited IT adoption model, The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology-2 (UTAUT2), as the theoretical framework to examine the passengers' adoption of the popular sharing economy tools ride-sharing service applications (i.e., Uber). This study adds a new construct, safety, in the UTAUT2 model. Data were obtained from 206 participants which were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, and facilitating conditions are the most significant determinant factors of behavioral intention to use the Uber app. In contrast, behavioral intention to use the Uber app is not significantly influenced by price value and safety. Additionally, the theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed, which elicits the importance for business managers, marketers, and policymakers on sharing economy platforms.
Towards a Formal Approach for Assessing the Design Quality of Object-Oriented Systems
Authors: Bouslama Mokhtaria , Abdi Mustapha Kamel
Published: August 2021

The cost of software maintenance is always increasing. The companies are often confronted to failures and software errors. The quality of software to use is so required. In this paper, the authors propose a new formal approach for assessing the quality of object-oriented system design according to the quality assessment model. This approach consists in modeling the input software system by an automaton based on object-oriented design metrics and their relationship with the quality attributes. The model exhibits the importance of metrics through their links with the attributes of software quality. In addition, it is very practical and flexible for all changes. It allows the quality estimation and its validation. For the verification of proposed probabilistic model (automaton), they use the model-checking and the prism tool. The model-checking is very interesting for the evaluation and validation of the probabilistic automaton. They use it to approve the software quality of the three experimental projects. The obtained results are very interesting and of great importance.
Monitoring Social Distancing Using Artificial Intelligence for Fighting COVID-19 Virus Spread
Authors: Alyami Hashem , Alosaimi Wael , Krichen Moez , Alroobaea Roobaea
Published: August 2021

To restrict COVID-19, individuals must remain two meters away from one another in public since public health authorities find this a healthy distance. In this way, the incidence of “social distancing” keeps pace with COVID-19 spread. For this purpose, the proposed solution consists of the development of a tool based on AI technologies which takes as input videos (in real time) from streets and public spaces and gives as output the places where social distancing is not respected. Detected persons who are not respecting social distancing are surrounded with red rectangles and those who respect social distancing with green rectangles. The solution has been tested for the case of videos from the two Holy Mosques in Saudi Arabia: Makkah and Madinah. As a novel contribution compared to existent approaches in the literature, the solution allows the detection of the age, class, and sex of persons not respecting social distancing. Person detection is performed using the Faster RCNN with ResNet-50 as it is the backbone network that is pre-trained with the open source COCO dataset. The obtained results are satisfactory and may be improved by considering more sophisticated cameras, material, and techniques.
Evaluation of Technological Solutions and Requirements for Cloud TV Services Based on Decision Support Systems
Authors: Dede Georgia , Filiopoulou Evangelia , Chatzithanasis Georgios , Kamalakis Thomas , Michalakelis Christos
Published: August 2021

Cloud TV will play an important role in future pay TV services and is quickly becoming the next arena for TV content providers. This emphasizes the need for a technology roadmap to address several key issues that may affect the deployment of future Cloud TV services. Three alternative technologies, Internet Protocol TV (IPTV), Over the Top (OTT), and Smart TV have been investigated. The methodology used is the analytic hierarchy process based on a decision support system developed for this study. The current work implements and verifies a transparent road mapping model for Cloud TV solutions. The results indicate that OTT seems to be the most efficient and valuable choice and reveal an important blend of social, economic, technological requirements to be taken into account when deploying and/or adopting Cloud TV services from a pay TV operator. Sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the stability of the results and the accuracy of the approach. The findings will be an important guide for the development of Cloud TV solutions and the improvement of those already deployed.
Explaining Country Heterogeneity in E-Government Evolution Based on Longitudinal Analysis of Nations
Authors: Silal Prakrit , Saha Debashis
Published: August 2021

E-government (EGOV) has emerged as an important innovation disrupting the government-citizen relationship in the past two decades. It has attracted wide attention from scholars across varied domains. However, most of these scholarly works, while richly contributing to this evolving domain, assume homogeneity and uniformity in its design, implementation, and impact. This “one size fits all” approach fails to account for the contextual richness, often culminating in a “design-reality” gap. Also, the existing literature lacks adequate investigation of EGOV heterogeneities along time. To address the lacuna, this study attempts to uncover country-level heterogeneities inherent in EGOV longitudinal evolution. Using a dataset over 2008-2018, the study performs a longitudinal clustering analysis and identifies four distinct cohorts with varying EGOV trajectories. Further, the study uncovers variations in EGOV's influence on country-level development indicators across the four cohorts. The findings help derive theoretical and policy implications while identifying avenues for future works.
Economic nitrogen doses via fertigation for corn cultivation in a semiarid environment
Authors: Souza Ênio Gomes Flôr , Cruz Ellen Abreu da , França Rafaela Félix da , Santos Manoel Galdino dos , Silva Thieres George Freire da , Leite Mauricio Luiz de Mello Vieira , Barros Júnior Aurélio Paes , Bezerra Neto Francisco
Published: August 2021

Producers in the northeastern semiarid region of Brazil have been cultivating irrigated corn. The commercialized product comprises mainly green ears and silage. However, the irrigation of crops for dry grain has been questioned regarding costs and price competitiveness in relation to the same non-irrigated product cultivated in other regions. In recent years, the use of drip tapes and fertigation has spread among corn producers in the region. The aim of this study was to determine the N dose, via fertigation, which provides the maximum economic production of corn for dry grain, in two crop seasons (summer and winter), in the semiarid region of Brazil. The experimental design was performed in randomized blocks, with four replications. In both crops, the treatments consisted of four doses of N (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg ha-1) applied in the form of urea. In the hybrid corn (Bt Feroz), the N content was evaluated in terms of leaves, grain yield, gross and net incomes, the rate of return, and the profitability index. Independent of the crop season, the yield of dry grain (5,441.03 kg ha-1) was highest when the corn was fertigated with a dose of 104.05 kg ha-1 N. The highest net incomes of the dry grain were obtained with 80 kg ha-1 N in summer (R$ 1,190.78 ha-1) and 160 kg ha-1 N in winter (R$ 2,757.54 ha-1). The winter crop was more favorable to the economic production of dry grain.
Análise do argumento por definição em redações do Enem
Authors: Bertucci Roberlei Alves
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho tem pretende descrever como o argumento por definição ocorre em redações do Enem. Partimos do princípio de que a argumentação é intrínseca às línguas naturais (Koch, 2011; Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca, 2014; Fiorin, 2017) e tomamos como base teórica a proposta de discussão de tipos de argumentos de Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2014). Nesse contexto, consideramos que o orador (candidato do Enem) usa um discurso (redação) com vistas a persuadir o auditório (banca) sobre uma tese e deve usar argumentos específicos para isso. Nossa hipótese é de que o argumento por definição pode ser um dos elementos mais recorrentes na estrutura desse texto, já que o entendimento da estrutura dessa redação leva em conta a necessidade de o candidato dissertar sobre o tema. Nesse caso, ele poderá usar a definição e a redefinição como recursos para aprofundar o tema e indicar a direção argumentativa. Ao analisarmos 31 redações do Enem de 2018, com auxílio do programa Tropes, encontramos 11 verbos distintos relacionados ao argumento por definição. O caso mais recorrente foi do verbo ser, que aparece em 167 contextos dos 1.679 encontrados com verbos, sendo bastante frequente a estrutura em períodos compostos com orações subjetivas. Com isso, concluímos que o estudo da Nova Retórica pode contribuir para a caracterização do gênero redação do Enem, bem como para superar dificuldades encontradas no ensino de língua, em especial de textos argumentativos.
Coalizão argumentativa e ecoação em práticas discursivas jurídicas
Authors: Damasceno-Morais Rubens
Published: August 2021

Estudo de interações em práticas discursivas jurídicas em situação argumentativa e interacional, em um tribunal de segunda instância, há muito clama por pesquisas que se situem especificamente neste eixo epistemológico, nos estudos do discurso, sobretudo porque falar do mundo jurídico geralmente exige certa desteridade jurídica, o que desencoraja quem não tem uma formação específica em Direito. Assim, tentar compreender, sob o aparato dos estudos da argumentação, como se constrói o acordo em deliberações jurídicas trilogais ainda representa uma trilha a se percorrer, um desafio instigante. A partir da triangulação ‘discurso jurídico’, ‘teorias da argumentação’ e ‘análise da conversa’, este artigo objetiva descrever modos de construção da coalizão argumentativa entre magistrados, em situação argumentativa com múltiplos interactantes, em um tribunal brasileiro. Por meio da transcrição de um julgamento de um dano moral (pretium doloris), mostramos como, no domínio da interação e da argumentação, a construção do assentimento entre interactantes se constrói enquanto prática discursiva jurídica. Verificamos, ainda, de que forma a clássica ‘comunhão dos espíritos’, propugnada por Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2008), irrompe ao longo da deliberação descrita. Este estudo se desenvolve, metodologicamente, a partir de estudos da interação argumentativa (Plantin, 1990, 2008, 1996), da análise da conversa (Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 2011; Jakubinskij, 2015; Moeschler, 1985) e por pesquisas que explicam um pouco do funcionamento do território jurídico (Posner, 2008; Reis, 2010). O estudo de caso empreendido demonstra que, em um contexto de deliberação judicial, a coalização entre juristas traduz-se por meio do que chamamos de ‘ecoação’ ou a construção de pontos de vista coorientados em favor de uma tese. O julgado ora apresentado, apesar de breve, evidencia de que forma o acordo se constrói na elaboração de um acórdão, em segundo grau de jurisdição, em interação argumentativa polilogal.
Argumentação multimodal: uma proposta teórico-metodológica
Authors: Silva Welton Pereira e , Marchon Amanda Heiderich
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho busca demonstrar que a dimensão argumentativa de um texto pode ser engendrada pelo emprego estratégico de diferentes modalidades, apresentando uma perspectiva teórica e também metodológica para a análise de textos argumentativos multimodais. A esse fenômeno em que diferentes modalidades são empregadas no plano cotextual, visando ao convencimento e/ou persuasão do interlocutor, chamamos de ‘argumentação multimodal’. À luz, sobretudo, dos pressupostos teóricos da Teoria Semiolinguística do Discurso, de Patrick Charaudeau, que entende o discurso como o uso da língua situado em um contexto sócio-histórico, associados a estudos que tomam a imagem como objeto de análise (Kress & van Leeuwen, 1996; Santaella, 2012), procuraremos apresentar reflexões e análises que discutem como o material icônico, em textos midiáticos, não apenas ilustra o conteúdo verbal, mas veicula junto a ele um todo coeso e coerente com forte teor argumentativo, buscando orientar o leitor a determinadas conclusões, com exclusão de outras. Para este trabalho, de natureza qualitativa, efetuamos uma revisão de literatura acerca da argumentação e da multimodalidade, unindo as duas noções em análises de textos midiáticos diversos que compõem o nosso corpus. Ao final, demonstramos como a multimodalidade pode se configurar uma estratégia argumentativa e descrevemos três categorias analíticas que podem ser empregadas no estudo de textos multimodais que apresentem uma dimensão argumentativa.
Funciones argumentativa y metadiscursiva de ‘pero’ en el género textual narración oral de estudiantes brasileños de ELE
Authors: Silva Antonio Messias Nogueira da
Published: August 2021

En el presente estudio se analizan las funciones argumentativa y metadiscursiva del marcador discursivo ‘pero’ en las narraciones orales de estudiantes brasileños de ELE. Se trata de una investigación que se enmarca en el terreno de la lingüística pragmática o pragmagramática y, en concreto, se basa en estudios anteriormente llevados a cabo por autores como Gaudino-Fallegger (2002), Pons Bordería (1998), Villa (1993), Garrido Rodríguez (2004), Portolés Lázaro (1999), Gómez (1998), Domínguez García (2007), entre otros. El corpus usado para realizar el referido estudio se constituye de una muestra representativa de un total de 47 narraciones orales de aprendices brasileños de ELE, con un nivel B2. Los resultados de esta investigación apuntan a que, en las narraciones orales de estudiantes brasileños de ELE, el marcador ‘pero’ tiene la particularidad de actuar en el ámbito de dos actividades, es decir, puede indicar el carácter antiorientado de los actos que vincula (función argumentativa) y, a la par, funcionar como una marca de regulación del discurso (función metadiscursiva).
Editorial: Argumentación y sus interfaces
Authors: Fuentes-Rodríguez Catalina , Prata Nadja Paulino Pessoa
Published: August 2021

Editorial: Argumentación y sus interfaces
The effect of mesh parameters on computational cost and results in simulation of milling in Inconel 718
Authors: Campos Felipe dos Anjos Rodrigues , Souza Felipe Chagas Rodrigues de , França Pedro Henrique Pires , Silva Leonardo Rosa Ribeiro da
Published: August 2021

The Finite Element Method analysis of machining processes has become a ubiquitous feature to the area, however, there sometimes occur considerable deviations between experimental and simulated results due to the inherent complexity of the process. The basis for such may conceivably be related to imprecisions in the material and friction modelling, besides improper setup of mesh parameters. Elements should be small enough to allow for the proper representation of the chip formation, but taking into account that the computational time increases accordingly with mesh downsizing. Simulations of the milling process of Inconel 718 were conducted using the software Thirdwave AdvantEdge under different cutting conditions for three different meshes. Power and temperature output were compared to experimental results, most of which were measured via Hall-effect sensors and thermographic camera, respectively. The tool cutting edge radius was found to be an important factor and was estimated using Scanning Electron Microscope images. The influence of the finite element mesh size was higher for harsher cutting conditions, with effects felt on machining power only. In this case, finer mesh produced results that showed a higher agreement with experimental data, but at higher computational cost as shown by analysis of elapsed processing time. Although errors higher than 40% were observed, power and temperature trends from simulations were always in accordance with that found in experimental tests. Comparisons with experimental data from other studies showed the errors tend to grow for higher feed and cutting speed, which indicates the constitutive model of the material is more adequate for softer machining conditions. Simulation time seemed to be exponentially proportional to the inverse of minimum element size, and measured values might serve as a reference for other users.
Economic feasibility analysis for co-generation of power by diesel generator at peak time: Monte Carlo simulation approach in a hospital
Authors: Vilela Flávio Fraga , Amaral João Victor Soares do , Leal Gustavo dos Santos , Oliveira Gabriel Fernandes de , Montevechi José Arnaldo Barra , Piedade Diego Dobscha da Cruz
Published: August 2021

The cost of electricity in hospitals represents a significant portion in its context of operating expenses. Therefore, it is important to constantly think about ways to reduce this cost without losing the quality and reliability required for hospital care activity. It is well known, that reducing electricity consumption has a direct impact on the effective management of hospital cash flow, so it is imperative to rationalize this resource. In this context, the objective of this paper focuses on analyzing the economic feasibility of purchasing and using a diesel generator to find the peak hour demand and verifying financial uncertainty by applying a Monte Carlo simulation approach to risk analysis. The target hospital of this research is located in southeastern of Brazil and it is part of a foundation that covers educational and assistance activities, serving the local population and thousands of patients during the year. Finally, the economic risk analysis applied through the Monte Carlo simulation found that the acquisition of the aforementioned diesel generator has a very high probability of viability. Therefore, it is verified that the investment is viable and attractive from the hospital's economic and operational point of view, while the Net Present Value remains positive, with the expected value of R$ 868,358.84, considering the risk and uncertainty analysis having an attractive internal returning rate of 78.76% per year.