Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations
Authors: Husereau Don , Drummond Michael , Augustovski Federico , de Bekker-Grob Esther , Briggs Andrew H. , Carswell Chris , Caulley Lisa , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Greenberg Dan , Loder Elizabeth , Mauskopf Josephine , Mullins C. Daniel , Petrou Stavros , Pwu Raoh-Fang , Staniszewska Sophie ,   CHEERS 2022 ISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force, Jakab Ivett , Kinloch Emma , Low Eric , Mossman Jean , Noone Declan , Posner Phil , Watson Jo , Babidge Wendy , Beamesderfer Lyn , Beerens Dior , Carswell Chris , Cryer Tillie , Donnelly Ana , Espinoza Manuel , Greenberg Dan , Greiner Wolfgang , Happe Laura , Hiligsmann Mickaël , Laine Christine , Lee Lin , Lee Ken , Loder Elizabeth , Pafitis Natalie , Robinson Julia , Stein Kenneth , Szunyogova Eva , Weber Wim , Wrightson Timothy , Zikmund-Fisher Brian , Aubin Marie-Claude , Berger Marc , Campbell John , Coyle Doug , Dyer Matthew , Edlin Richard , Faria Rita , Gallegos Veronica , Gray Alastair , Grosse Scott , Guertin Jason , Hughes Dyfrig , Hutter Florencia , John Denny , Kamaruzaman Hanin Farhana , Kim David , Krahn Murray , Moldaver Dan , AbdNurhasni Ku Rahim Ku , Pachito Daniela Vianna , Paulden Michael , Pecenka Clinton , Pichon-Riviere Andrés , Powell John , Prosser Lisa , Regier Dean , Ringborg Anna , Rivas Rossana , Sampson Chris , Santos Marisa , Scuffham Paul , Sculpher Mark , Senna Katia , Spackman Eldon , Steuten Lotte , Tamblyn David , Trout Kilgore , Willke Dick , Wisloff Torbjorn , Abegaz Tadesse , Kostyuk Alex , Lenahan Kelly , Luo Nan , Soboil Joshua , White Richard , Moher David , Molsen Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

Health economic evaluations are comparative analyses of alternative courses of action in terms of their costs and consequences. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement, published in 2013, was created to ensure health economic evaluations are identifiable, interpretable, and useful for decision making. It was intended as guidance to help authors report accurately which health interventions were being compared and in what context, how the evaluation was undertaken, what the findings were, and other details that may aid readers and reviewers in interpretation and use of the study. The new CHEERS 2022 statement replaces previous CHEERS reporting guidance. It reflects the need for guidance that can be more easily applied to all types of health economic evaluation, new methods and developments in the field, as well as the increased role of stakeholder involvement including patients and the public. It is also broadly applicable to any form of intervention intended to improve the health of individuals or the population, whether simple or complex, and without regard to context (such as health care, public health, education, social care, etc.). This summary article presents the new CHEERS 2022 28-item checklist and recommendations for each item. The CHEERS 2022 statement is primarily intended for researchers reporting economic evaluations for peer reviewed journals as well as the peer reviewers and editors assessing them for publication. However, we anticipate familiarity with reporting requirements will be useful for analysts when planning studies. It may also be useful for health technology assessment bodies seeking guidance on reporting, as there is an increasing emphasis on transparency in decision making.