bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppressing Deep‐Level Trap Toward Over 13% Efficient Solution‐Processed Kesterite Solar Cell
Authors: Li Yingfen , Jian Yue , Huang Fang , Zhou Nian , Chai Wanqiu , Hu Juguang , Zhao Jun , Su Zhenghua , Chen Shuo , Liang Guangxing
Published: April 2024

Cu2ZnSn (S,Se)4 (CZTSSe), a promising absorption material for thin‐film solar cells, still falls short of reaching the balance limit efficiency due to the presence of various defects and high defect concentration in the thin film. During the high‐temperature selenization process of CZTSSe, the diffusion of various elements and chemical reactions significantly influence defect formation. In this study, a NaOH‐Se intermediate layer introduced at the back interface can optimize Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)precursor films and subsequently adjust the Se and alkali metal content to favor grain growth during selenization. Through this back interface engineering, issues such as non‐uniform grain arrangement on the surface, voids in bulk regions, and poor contact at the back interface of absorber layers are effectively addressed. This method not only optimizes morphology but also suppresses deep‐level defect formation, thereby promoting carrier transport at both interfaces and bulk regions of the absorber layer. Consequently, CZTSSe devices with a NaOH‐Se intermediate layer improved fill factor, open‐circuit voltage, and efficiency by 13.3%. This work initiates from precursor thin films via back interface engineering to fabricate high‐quality absorber layers while advancing the understanding regarding the role played by intermediate layers at the back interface of kesterite solar cells.
Efforts of implementing ultra‐flexible thin‐film encapsulation for optoelectronic devices based on atomic layer deposition technology
Authors: Wang Guanran , Duan Yu
Published: April 2024

Flexible, wearable electronics are the future of electronics. Although organic photovoltaic devices have the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and flexibility, they face the problem of failure due to the effects of water vapor in the environment. Therefore, the development of encapsulation films with outstanding mechanical and encapsulation properties is the key to realizing wearable devices. This review provides an overview of the development of thin‐film encapsulation (TFE), the application of TFE in the field of optoelectronics, recent advances in the field of flexible encapsulation with TFE using atomic layer deposition technology, and an outlook on future trends in the field of flexible encapsulation with TFE using atomic layer deposition technology.
Experimental and simulation study on seismic performance of steel‐PVA hybrid fiber cementitious composites‐encased CFST
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Feng , Cen Kaiwen , Wang Zhexiong , Li Linfeng , Sun Linzhu
Published: April 2024

Six hybrid steel and PVA fiber cementitious composite (S&PFCC)‐encased concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) columns were designed and fabricated, and the effects of axial compression ratio, core concrete strength grade and steel tube thickness on the seismic performance of composite columns were studied. The test results show that the increase of core concrete strength can obviously improve the bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of composite column and can restrain the strain growth rate of steel tube after yielding. Low axial compression ratio and thicker steel tube thickness can improve the overall seismic performance of composite columns. Three calculation methods are modified, and the modified An method can predict the lateral bearing capacity of composite column well. Finally, based on the OpenSees finite element software, the seismic performance of the CFST column wrapped in S&PFCC is simulated to verify the test, and the numerical study shows that the seismic performance of the composite column can be optimized by increasing the steel fiber content, while PVA fiber has a weak effect in the elastic stage, and can effectively improve the ductility of the composite column in the plastic stage.
Long‐term outcomes of the Italian Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis control programme for dairy cattle
Authors: Musolino Noemi , Rampacci Elisa , Tolasi Cecilia , Beccati Francesca , Passamonti Fabrizio
Published: April 2024

Background

The considerable epidemiological and economic implications of paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), have placed importance on control efforts aimed at preventing MAP transmission. In this context, Italy issued national guidelines for the control and status certification of MAP in dairy cattle in 2013.

Methods

We assessed the long‐term outcomes of the Italian MAP control programme for 14 dairy farms located in northern Italy by retrospectively reviewing the results of yearly serological tests, presence of clinical cases, MAP faecal shedding in serologically positive animals, farm management and health ranking as indicators of herd health between 2014 and 2021.

Results

A significantly higher number of serologically positive animals were observed between 2014 and 2016 than between 2017 and 2021, as well as an improving trend in the paratuberculosis health ranking for nine of the 14 farms. No clinical cases were reported. MAP shedding was detected in 9.4% of serologically positive animals. Discarding colostrum and prioritised culling of seropositive animals assisted by adoption of standardised serological testing were presumed to have a key role in MAP control, despite the reluctance of some farmers to address hygienic issues and improve the separation of calves from adult animals.

Limitations

The small number of farms included in this study and the fact that these were not randomly selected may limit the generalisability of the findings.

Conclusions

The Italian paratuberculosis control plan has provided measures to limit the uncontrolled spread of MAP infection within and between herds by promoting animal trading between farms certified as negative or low risk.
Resilient and Sustainable AI. Positioning paper on the relation of AI, resilience and sustainability
Authors: Wehlmann Christian Zinke
Published: April 2024

In the contemporary debate, surrounding the future of work and life, Artificial Intelligence (AI), resilience, and sustainability have emerged as pivotal concepts. Within the industrial realm, their collective convergence is driving unprecedented transformative shifts, challenging traditional paradigms. This positioning paper delves into the intricate interlinkages binding these three paradigms. Examples such as AI-driven automation, enhancing efficiency, and predictive maintenance, reducing machinery downtime, underscore the transformative role of AI in the industry. Meanwhile, an increasing emphasis on environmental responsibility highlights the growing importance of sustainability in the industrial sector. Resilience, embodied through the ability to withstand crises and maintain strong supply chains, is equally essential. The article also delves deep into the specific relations between AI, sustainability and resilience. By weaving these concepts together, the paper aims to provide a holistic perspective on the interconnectedness, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach in the modern industry to ensure not only technological advancement but also a resilient and sustainable future.
Investigation of Atmospheric Anomalies due to the Great Tohoku Earthquake Disturbance Using NRLMSISE-00 Atmospheric Model Measurement
Authors: Endeshaw Lake
Published: April 2024

In this study, the atmospheric changes for the 9.0-magnitude Tohoku earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, are analyzed. The March 11, 2011 earthquake was preceded by a large foreshock on March 09, 2011 with magnitude M 7.3 and depth 32 km at 02:45:20 UT near the east coast of Honshu, Japan. The earthquake doesn’t limit its effects on the Earth’s lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere; it also extends its effects to the atmosphere because of the gas emissions, which produce large-scale seismic waves from the ground and release gases into the atmosphere. In this study, the anomalies of the atmospheric parameters are studied by using one of the atmospheric models from the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Extension 2000 (NRLMSISE-00) model data to analyze the atmospheric anomalies of the Tohoku Earthquake on March 11, 2011. The atmospheric parameters of atomic oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), atomic nitrogen (N), helium (He), argon (Ar), molecular oxygen (O2), molecular nitrogen (N2), total mass density (ρ), neutral temperature (Tn), exospheric temperature (Tex) and anomalous oxygen (AO) are used for analysis during the earthquake occurrence. The epicenter of the Tohoku earthquake, with a geographical location of latitude 38.30° N and longitude 142.37° E, is used for the NRLMSISE-00 model as input parameters to analyze the output of atmospheric parameters. To compare the atmospheric changes caused by the earthquake, 5 days before and after the earthquake are considered. To detect where the atmospheric parameters increased or decreased from the earthquake day, the percentage deviation of the NRLMSISE-00 model is applied. The results indicate that there were atmospheric parameter anomalies that occurred a few days before, following and during the earthquake on March 11, 2011. Except for hydrogen (H), all atmospheric parameters average daily percentage deviation values were positive during the 5 days before and after with respect to the main earthquake shock on March 11, 2011. The NRLMSISE-00 model can capture the atmospheric parameter anomalies of the Tohoku earthquake well.
Fostering self-efficacy through usability and emotional product design? An explorative study
Authors: Buker Tina , Kamin Stefan T. , van Remmen Judith , Wartzack Sandro , Miehling Jörg
Published: April 2024

Raising the user’s self-confidence is a promising strategy to reduce product-related user stigma. In the context of product usage, the commonly used term self-confidence refers to the psychological construct of self-efficacy. To strengthen a user’s self-efficacy through product design, providing both good usability and emotionality in a product seems to be a reasonable starting point. However, their suitability and validity for this purpose has not yet been sufficiently assessed. This paper examines whether self-efficacy would be associated with perceptions of a product’s usability and emotionality. By conducting an online survey (n = 105; stigma-sensitive product demonstrator: walker), it was confirmed that the perception of good usability and emotionality of walkers were positively associated with the user’s perceived self-efficacy. Moreover, a negative interaction effect was identified showing that the association between emotionality and self-efficacy increased with lower levels of perceived usability and vice versa. This may indicate that emotions can compensate the importance of usability at least to some extent.
Reduced-order modelling for real-time physics-based variation simulation enhanced with adaptive sampling and optimized interpolation
Authors: Russo Mario Brandon , Franciosa Pasquale , Greco Alessandro , Gerbino Salvatore
Published: April 2024

Manufacturing industries require a right-first-time paradigm to remain competitive. Variation simulation (VS) is a key tool to predict variation of the final shape of flexible assemblies, allowing to reduce defects and waste. VS models involving compliant sheet-metal parts commonly integrate physics-based simulation with statistical approaches (usually Monte Carlo simulation). Although increasingly used as a backbone of synthesis techniques for (stochastic) optimization of assembly systems, the main roadblock of VS methods is the intense computational costs due to time-intensive simulations and high-dimensional design space. Driven by the need of time reduction, this paper presents an innovative real-time physics-based VS model of assembly systems with compliant sheet-metal parts. The proposed methodology involves a non-intrusive reduced-order model (niROM), empowered by a novel adaptive sampling procedure for dataset generation, and a cross-validation-based optimized radial basis function (RBF) formulation for interpolation. Demonstrated through two case studies—(i) a remote laser welding operation to predict mechanical distortions, with two input parameters, and (ii) the assembly of an aircraft vertical stabilizer with five input parameters—the methodology achieves accurate real-time results, with up to a 43% improvement in accuracy compared to traditional sampling techniques. Findings highlight the critical influence of the sampling strategy and the number of input parameters on ROM accuracy. Better results are reached by employing adaptive sampling in combination with optimum RBF, which additionally disengages the user from the choice of the interpolation settings. This study unlocks new avenues in the field of variation simulation and dimensional/quality monitoring by narrowing the gap between any advanced CAE solver and VS models with real-time physics-based simulations.
Investigation of tool wear and energy consumption in machining Ti6Al4V alloy with uncoated tools
Authors: Younas Muhammad , Khan Mushtaq , Jaffery Syed Husain Imran , Khan Zarak , Khan Nawar
Published: April 2024

This research studies the energy consumption and wear mechanism of carbide cutting tools in dry machining of Ti6Al4V alloy. In the first phase of experiments, full factorial design experiments were employed to study the tool wear rate (R) and specific cutting energy (SCE) with respect to the machining conditions (cutting speed and feed rate). Results showed that machining responses such as tool wear and energy consumption are affected by cutting conditions, thus requiring investigation to understand the wear mechanisms. Therefore, in the second phase, additional experiments were performed to investigate the tool-workpiece interactions at the cutting conditions reported to have low, moderate, and high tool wear. It was revealed that strong adhesion and material transfer between the tool and workpiece caused high wear. Electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of worn tools showed that the transfer of tungsten (W) and cobalt (Co) to the workpiece and titanium to the tool surface is the primary cause of tool deterioration. As a result, diffusion and dissolution have degraded cutting performance and weakened the tool edge, leading to rapid wear. Furthermore, worn tools resulted in relatively higher energy consumption per unit volume of material removed at the tooltip. The degradation of cutting performance and weakening of the tool edge results in rapid wear and higher energy consumption. The study suggests that minimizing tool wear is crucial for energy reduction, improved sustainability, and cleaner production goals in dry machining of titanium-based alloys.
Augmenting bi-objective branch and bound by scalarization-based information
Authors: Bauß Julius , Stiglmayr Michael
Published: April 2024

While branch and bound based algorithms are a standard approach to solve single-objective (mixed-)integer optimization problems, multi-objective branch and bound methods are only rarely applied compared to the predominant objective space methods. In this paper we propose modifications to increase the performance of multi-objective branch and bound algorithms by utilizing scalarization-based information. We use the hypervolume indicator as a measure for the gap between lower and upper bound set to implement a multi-objective best-first strategy. By adaptively solving scalarizations in the root node to integer optimality we improve both, upper and lower bound set. The obtained lower bound can then be integrated into the lower bounds of all active nodes, while the determined solution is added to the upper bound set. Numerical experiments show that the number of investigated nodes can be significantly reduced by up to 83% and the total computation time can be reduced by up to 80%.
A sulfated exopolysaccharide derived from Chlorella sp. exhibiting in vitro anti-α-d-Glucosidase activity
Authors: Guehaz Karima , Boual Zakaria , Telli Alia , Meskher Hicham , Belkhalfa Hakim , Pierre Guillaume , Michaud Philippe , Adessi Alessandra
Published: April 2024

There is a great scientific curiosity to discover all environments sheltering microalgae, especially those with exceptional characteristics from coldest to hottest ones, the purpose remains to explore the potential of the native microalgae flora and the research for new bioactive compounds. This study aimed to isolate a polysaccharide-producing microalga from an extreme ecosystem and to evaluate its capacity to inhibit the α-d-glucosidase enzyme. Chlorella strain is isolated from hypersaline Lake in the Algerian desert. The exopolysaccharide extraction was performed by the concentration of free-cell supernatant in a rotary evaporator. The infrared analysis showed a characteristic footprint of carbohydrates with particular functional groups, such as sulfate. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry has revealed a hetero-exopolysaccharide composed of galactose 35.75%, glucose 21.13%, xylose 16.81%, fructose 6.96%, arabinose 5.10%, and glucuronic acid 2.68%. The evaluation of the anti-hyperglycemic activity demonstrated a significant α-d-glucosidase inhibition of 80.94 ± 0.01% at 10 mg mL−1 with IC50 equal to 4.31 ± 0.20 mg mL−1. This study opens a vast prospect to use exopolysaccharides as natural nutraceutical or food additive.

Graphical Abstract
Density of rational points on some quadric bundle threefolds
Authors: Bonolis Dante , Browning Tim , Huang Zhizhong
Published: April 2024

We prove the Manin–Peyre conjecture for the number of rational points of bounded height outside of a thin subset on a family of Fano threefolds of bidegree (1, 2).
The Kuznetsov and Blackstock Equations of Nonlinear Acoustics with Nonlocal-in-Time Dissipation
Authors: Kaltenbacher Barbara , Meliani Mostafa , Nikolić Vanja
Published: April 2024

In ultrasonics, nonlocal quasilinear wave equations arise when taking into account a class of heat flux laws of Gurtin–Pipkin type within the system of governing equations of sound motion. The present study extends previous work by the authors to incorporate nonlocal acoustic wave equations with quadratic gradient nonlinearities which require a new approach in the energy analysis. More precisely, we investigate the Kuznetsov and Blackstock equations with dissipation of fractional type and identify a minimal set of assumptions on the memory kernel needed for each equation. In particular, we discuss the physically relevant examples of Abel and Mittag–Leffler kernels. We perform the well-posedness analysis uniformly with respect to a small parameter on which the kernels depend and which can be interpreted as the sound diffusivity or the thermal relaxation time. We then analyze the limiting behavior of solutions with respect to this parameter, and how it is influenced by the specific class of memory kernels at hand. Through such a limiting study, we relate the considered nonlocal quasilinear equations to their limiting counterparts and establish the convergence rates of the respective solutions in the energy norm.
Das Konsiliarverfahren in der ambulanten Psychotherapie
Authors: Maier Lena , Blanck Julian , Singer Susanne
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund

Vor einer ambulanten Psychotherapie bei Psychologischen bzw. Kinder- und Jugendlichen-Psychotherapeut:innen ist gemäß Psychotherapie-Richtlinie (PT-RL) ein Konsiliarbericht einzuholen. Die Inhalte des Konsiliarberichts sind in der PT-RL festgelegt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Mit dieser Studie sollen die Konsiliarberichte mit den Vorgaben der PT-RL sowie den Berichten an den Gutachter mittels Real-World-Daten verglichen werden.

Methoden

In einer Zufallsstichprobe von 1000 Psychotherapieanträgen lagen 380 Konsiliarberichte vor. Die Daten aus den Konsiliarberichten wurden extrahiert und anhand von Häufigkeitsangaben mit den Vorgaben der PT-RL verglichen. Unterschiede zwischen den Konsiliarberichten und den dazugehörigen Berichten an den Gutachter hinsichtlich behandlungsrelevanter Parameter wurden mittels Chi2-Tests überprüft. Mögliche Prädiktoren für die Empfehlung einer ärztlichen Mitbehandlung wurden anhand von logistischer Regression berechnet.

Ergebnisse

Kein Konsiliarbericht erfüllte sämtliche Vorgaben der PT-RL. Am häufigsten wurden Angaben zu aktuellen Beschwerden gemacht (79 %), am seltensten zu Differenzial- und Verdachtsdiagnosen (4 %). Die Hälfte der Konsiliarärzt:innen (49 %) schätzte eine psychiatrische Abklärung als nicht notwendig ein; etwa ein Drittel (29 %) gab keine Einschätzung dazu ab. Die Konsiliarberichte enthielten 2,6-mal seltener Angaben zu relevanten Vor- und Parallelbehandlungen als die zugehörigen Berichte an den Gutachter (χ2 = 22,1; p < 0,001). Es gab keine Hinweise auf Prädiktoren für die Empfehlung einer ärztlichen Mitbehandlung.

Diskussion

Die Anforderungen des Konsiliarberichts werden nur teilweise erfüllt. Im Rahmen der Reformierung des Antrags- und Gutachterverfahrens sollte die Notwendigkeit der Konsiliarberichte überprüft werden.
Outcome of bleomycin electrosclerotherapy of slow-flow malformations in adults and children
Authors: Schmidt Vanessa F. , Cangir Özlem , Meyer Lutz , Goldann Constantin , Hengst Susanne , Brill Richard , von der Heydt Susanne , Waner Milton , Puhr-Westerheide Daniel , Öcal Osman , Ümütlü Muzaffer Reha , Mansour Nabeel , Rudolph Jan , Sint Alena , Obereisenbuchner Florian , Häberle Beate , Ricke Jens , Seidensticker Max , Wohlgemuth Walter A. , Wildgruber Moritz
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the safety and clinical outcome of bleomycin electrosclerotherapy (BEST) for treating extracranial slow-flow malformations.

Methods

In this retrospective investigation of a multicenter cohort presenting symptomatic slow-flow malformations, patient records were analyzed with respect to procedural details and complications. A treatment-specific, patient-reported questionnaire was additionally evaluated, obtained 3–12 months after the last treatment, to assess the subjective outcomes, including mobility, aesthetic aspects, and pain, as well as the occurrence of postprocedural skin hyperpigmentation. All outcome parameters were compared according to patients’ age.

Results

Overall, 325 BEST treatments were performed in 233 patients after intralesional and/or intravenous bleomycin injection. The total complication rate was 10.2% (33/325), including 29/352 (8.9%) major complications. Patient-reported mobility decreased in 10/133 (8.8%), was stable in 30/113 (26.5%), improved in 48/113 (42.5%), and was rated symptom-free in 25/113 (22.1%) patients. Aesthetic aspects were rated impaired compared to baseline in 19/113 (16.8%), stable in 21/133 (18.6%), improved in 62/113 (54.9%), and perfect in 11/133 (9.7%) patients. Postprocedural skin hyperpigmentation occurred in 78/113 (69%) patients, remaining unchanged in 24/78 (30.8%), reduced in 51/78 (65.5%), and completely resolved in 3/78 (3.8%) patients. The median VAS pain scale was 4.0 (0–10) preprocedural and 2.0 (0–9) postprocedural. Children/adolescents performed significantly better in all parameters compared to adults (≥ 16 years) (mobility, p = 0.011; aesthetic aspects, p < 0.001; pain, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

BEST is effective for treating slow-flow vascular malformations, with few but potentially significant major complications. Regarding patient-reported outcomes, children seem to benefit better compared to older patients, suggesting that BEST should not be restricted to adults.

Clinical relevance statement

Bleomycin electrosclerotherapy is a safe and effective approach and therapy should not be restricted to adults due to good clinical outcomes in children.
The virtual reference radiologist: comprehensive AI assistance for clinical image reading and interpretation
Authors: Siepmann Robert , Huppertz Marc , Rastkhiz Annika , Reen Matthias , Corban Eric , Schmidt Christian , Wilke Stephan , Schad Philipp , Yüksel Can , Kuhl Christiane , Truhn Daniel , Nebelung Sven
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in radiology, but their ability to aid radiologists in interpreting imaging studies remains unexplored. We investigated the effects of a state-of-the-art LLM (GPT-4) on the radiologists’ diagnostic workflow.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective study, six radiologists of different experience levels read 40 selected radiographic [n = 10], CT [n = 10], MRI [n = 10], and angiographic [n = 10] studies unassisted (session one) and assisted by GPT-4 (session two). Each imaging study was presented with demographic data, the chief complaint, and associated symptoms, and diagnoses were registered using an online survey tool. The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on diagnostic accuracy, confidence, user experience, input prompts, and generated responses was assessed. False information was registered. Linear mixed-effect models were used to quantify the factors (fixed: experience, modality, AI assistance; random: radiologist) influencing diagnostic accuracy and confidence.

Results

When assessing if the correct diagnosis was among the top-3 differential diagnoses, diagnostic accuracy improved slightly from 181/240 (75.4%, unassisted) to 188/240 (78.3%, AI-assisted). Similar improvements were found when only the top differential diagnosis was considered. AI assistance was used in 77.5% of the readings. Three hundred nine prompts were generated, primarily involving differential diagnoses (59.1%) and imaging features of specific conditions (27.5%). Diagnostic confidence was significantly higher when readings were AI-assisted (p > 0.001). Twenty-three responses (7.4%) were classified as hallucinations, while two (0.6%) were misinterpretations.

Conclusion

Integrating GPT-4 in the diagnostic process improved diagnostic accuracy slightly and diagnostic confidence significantly. Potentially harmful hallucinations and misinterpretations call for caution and highlight the need for further safeguarding measures.

Clinical relevance statement

Using GPT-4 as a virtual assistant when reading images made six radiologists of different experience levels feel more confident and provide more accurate diagnoses; yet, GPT-4 gave factually incorrect and potentially harmful information in 7.4% of its responses.
Post-radiotherapy stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer radiomics research: a systematic review and comparison of CLEAR and RQS frameworks
Authors: Tran Kevin , Ginzburg Daniel , Hong Wei , Attenberger Ulrike , Ko Hyun Soo
Published: April 2024

Background

Lung cancer, the second most common cancer, presents persistently dismal prognoses. Radiomics, a promising field, aims to provide novel imaging biomarkers to improve outcomes. However, clinical translation faces reproducibility challenges, despite efforts to address them with quality scoring tools.

Objective

This study had two objectives: 1) identify radiomics biomarkers in post-radiotherapy stage III/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 2) evaluate research quality using the CLEAR (CheckList_for_EvaluAtion_of_Radiomics_research), RQS (Radiomics_Quality_Score) frameworks, and formulate an amalgamated CLEAR-RQS tool to enhance scientific rigor.

Materials and methods

A systematic literature review (Jun-Aug 2023, MEDLINE/PubMed/SCOPUS) was conducted concerning stage III/IV NSCLC, radiotherapy, and radiomic features (RF). Extracted data included study design particulars, such as sample size, radiotherapy/CT technique, selected RFs, and endpoints. CLEAR and RQS were merged into a CLEAR-RQS checklist. Three readers appraised articles utilizing CLEAR, RQS, and CLEAR-RQS metrics.

Results

Out of 871 articles, 11 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The Median cohort size was 91 (range: 10–337) with 9 studies being single-center. No common RF were identified. The merged CLEAR-RQS checklist comprised 61 items. Most unreported items were within CLEAR’s “methods” and “open-source,” and within RQS’s “phantom-calibration,” “registry-enrolled prospective-trial-design,” and “cost-effective-analysis” sections. No study scored above 50% on RQS. Median CLEAR scores were 55.74% (32.33/58 points), and for RQS, 17.59% (6.3/36 points). CLEAR-RQS article ranking fell between CLEAR and RQS and aligned with CLEAR.

Conclusion

Radiomics research in post-radiotherapy stage III/IV NSCLC exhibits variability and frequently low-quality reporting. The formulated CLEAR-RQS checklist may facilitate education and holds promise for enhancing radiomics research quality.

Clinical relevance statement

Current radiomics research in the field of stage III/IV postradiotherapy NSCLC is heterogenous, lacking reproducibility, with no identified imaging biomarker. Radiomics research quality assessment tools may enhance scientific rigor and thereby facilitate radiomics translation into clinical practice.

Key Points

There is heterogenous and low radiomics research quality in postradiotherapy stage III/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Barriers to reproducibility are small cohort size, nonvalidated studies, missing technical parameters, and lack of data, code, and model sharing.

CLEAR (CheckList_for_EvaluAtion_of_Radiomics_research), RQS (Radiomics_Quality_Score), and the amalgamated CLEAR-RQS tool are useful frameworks for assessing radiomics research quality and may provide a valuable resource for educational purposes in the field of radiomics.
Current management of surgical neonates: is it optimal or do we need to improve? A national survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology
Authors: Costa Simonetta , Capolupo Irma , Bonadies Luca , Quercia Michele , Betta Maria Pasqua , Gombos Sara , Tognon Costanza , Cavallaro Giacomo , Sgrò Stefania , Pastorino Roberta , Pires Marafon Denise , Dotta Andrea , Vento Giovanni ,   on behalf of the Surgical Newborn Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Few guidelines exist for the perioperative management (PM) of neonates with surgical conditions (SC). This study examined the current neonatal PM in Italy.

Methods

We invited 51 neonatal intensive care units with pediatric surgery in their institution to participate in a web-based survey. The themes included (1) the involvement of the neonatologist during the PM; (2) the spread of bedside surgery (BS); (3) the critical issues concerning the neonatal PM in operating rooms (OR) and the actions aimed at improving the PM.

Results

Response rate was 82.4%. The neonatologist is involved during the intraoperative management in 42.9% of the responding centers (RC) and only when the surgery is performed at the patient’s bedside in 50.0% of RCs. BS is reserved for extremely preterm (62.5%) or clinically unstable (57.5%) infants, and the main barrier to its implementation is the surgical-anesthesiology team's preference to perform surgery in a standard OR (77.5%). Care protocols for specific SC are available only in 42.9% of RCs.

Conclusion

Some critical issues emerged from this survey: the neonatologist involvement in PM, the spread of BS, and the availability of specific care protocols need to be implemented to optimize the care of this fragile category of patients.
Health and sociodemographic determinants of excess mortality in Spanish nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 2-year prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Escribà-Salvans Anna , Jerez-Roig Javier , Farrés-Godayol Pau , Bezerra de Souza Dyego Leandro , Skelton Dawn A. , Minobes-Molina Eduard
Published: April 2024

Background

Age, multimorbidity, immunodeficiency and frailty of older people living in nursing homes make them vulnerable to COVID-19 and overall mortality.

Objective

To estimate overall and COVID-19 mortality parameters and analyse their predictive factors in older people living in nursing homes over a 2-year period.

Method

Design: A 2-year prospective longitudinal multicentre study was conducted between 2020 and 2022.

Setting: This study involved five nursing homes in Central Catalonia (Spain).

Participants: Residents aged 65 years or older who lived in the nursing homes on a permanent basis.

Measurements: Date and causes of deaths were recorded. In addition, sociodemographic and health data were collected. For the effect on mortality, survival curves were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis using Cox regression.

Results

The total sample of 125 subjects had a mean age of 85.10 years (standard deviation = 7.3 years). There were 59 (47.2%) deaths at 24 months (95% confidence interval, CI, 38.6–55.9) and 25 (20.0%) were due to COVID-19, mostly in the first 3 months. In multivariate analysis, functional impairment (hazard ratio, HR 2.40; 95% CI 1.33–4.32) was a significant risk factor for mortality independent of age (HR 1.17; 95% CI 0.69–2.00) and risk of sarcopenia (HR 1.40; 95% CI 0.63–3.12).

Conclusion

Almost half of this sample of nursing home residents died in the 2‑year period, and one fifth were attributed to COVID-19. Functional impairment was a risk factor for overall mortality and COVID-19 mortality, independent of age and risk of sarcopenia.
Training in obstetrics and gynecology between reality and vision: results of a JAGO–NOGGO survey in 601 physicians (NOGGO—Monitor-12 trial)
Authors: von Waldenfels Gabriel , Beck Maximilian Heinz , Semmler Janina , Gerber Annika , Hennigs André , Vochem Ruth , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Pietzner Klaus , Sehouli Jalid
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this study was to establish a benchmark by collecting baseline data on surgical education in obstetrics and gynecology in Germany, including factual number of operations performed.

Materials and methods

A nationwide anonymous survey was conducted in Germany between January 2019 and July 2019 utilizing a specially designed questionnaire which addressed both residents and senior trainers.

Results

A total of 601 participants completed the survey, comprising 305 trainees and 296 trainers. The trainees reported performing a median of 125 non-obstetric surgeries (IQR: 41–332) and 75 obstetric procedures (IQR: 27–168) independently. While most last-year residents managed to meet the targeted numbers for minor surgical procedures outlined in the logbook, they fell short of achieving the required numbers for major operations, such as hysterectomies or more complex laparoscopies. Although both trainees and trainers emphasized the significance of surgical training, the overall quality of the training was rated poorly, particularly by trainees. This was attributed to a high proportion of administrative tasks and a deficiency in teaching time within the operating theater. External fellowship and mentoring programs, as well as the implementation of regular, centralized reviews of residency training, were identified as potentially beneficial by both trainees and trainers.

Conclusion

The findings of this survey should serve as a wake-up call both within and outside of Germany, highlighting the importance of comprehensive and structured surgical training to enhance long-term patient care and increase satisfaction among obstetrics and gynecology trainees.
TMS of the left primary motor cortex improves tremor intensity and postural control in primary orthostatic tremor
Authors: Schoeberl Florian , Dowsett James , Pradhan Cauchy , Grabova Denis , Köhler Angelina , Taylor Paul , Zwergal Andreas
Published: April 2024

A ponto-cerebello-thalamo-cortical network is the pathophysiological correlate of primary orthostatic tremor. Affected patients often do not respond satisfactorily to pharmacological treatment. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to examine the effects of a non-invasive neuromodulation by theta burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsal medial frontal cortex (dMFC) on tremor frequency, intensity, sway path and subjective postural stability in primary orthostatic tremor. In a cross-over design, eight patients (mean age 70.2 ± 5.4 years, 4 female) with a primary orthostatic tremor received either rTMS of the left M1 leg area or the dMFC at the first study session, followed by the other condition (dMFC or M1 respectively) at the second study session 30 days later. Tremor frequency and intensity were quantified by surface electromyography of lower leg muscles and total sway path by posturography (foam rubber with eyes open) before and after each rTMS session. Patients subjectively rated postural stability on the posturography platform following each rTMS treatment. We found that tremor frequency did not change significantly with M1- or dMFC-stimulation. However, tremor intensity was lower after M1- but not dMFC-stimulation (p = 0.033/ p = 0.339). The sway path decreased markedly after M1-stimulation (p = 0.0005) and dMFC-stimulation (p = 0.023) compared to baseline. Accordingly, patients indicated a better subjective feeling of postural stability both with M1-rTMS (p = 0.007) and dMFC-rTMS (p = 0.01). In conclusion, non-invasive neuromodulation particularly of the M1 area can improve postural control and tremor intensity in primary orthostatic tremor by interference with the tremor network.
Defining distal splenopancreatectomy by the mesopancreas
Authors: Safi S.-A. , Alexander A. , Neuhuber W. , Haeberle L. , Rehders A. , Luedde T. , Esposito I. , Fluegen G. , Knoefel W. T.
Published: April 2024

Background

The implementation of the pathologic CRM (circumferential resection margin) staging system for pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinomas (hPDAC) resulted in a dramatic increase of R1 resections at the dorsal resection margin, presumably because of the high rate of mesopancreatic fat (MP) infiltration. Therefore, mesopancreatic excision (MPE) during pancreatoduodenectomy has recently been promoted and has demonstrated better local disease control, fueling the discussion of neoadjuvant downsizing regimes in MP + patients. However, it is unknown to what extent the MP is infiltrated in patients with distal pancreatic (tail/body) carcinomas (dPDAC). It is also unknown if the MP infiltration status affects surgical margin control in distal pancreatectomy (DP). The aim of our study was to histopathologically analyze MP infiltration and elucidate the influence of resection margin clearance on recurrence and survival in patients with dPDAC. Furthermore, the results were compared to a collective receiving MPE for hPDAC.

Method

Clinicopathological and survival parameters of 295 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for PDAC (n = 63 dPDAC and n = 232 hPDAC) were evaluated. The CRM evaluation was performed in a standardized fashion and the specimens were examined according to the Leeds pathology protocol (LEEPP). The MP area was histopathologically evaluated for cancerous infiltration.

Results

In 75.4% of dPDAC patients the MP fat was infiltrated by vital tumor cells. The rates of MP infiltration and R0CRM– resections were similar between dPDAC and hPDAC patients (p = 0.497 and 0.453 respectively). MP– infiltration status did not correlate with CRM implemented resection status in dPDAC patients (p = 0.348). In overall survival analysis, resection status and MP status remained prognostic factors for survival. In follow up analysis. surgical margin clearance in dPDAC patients was associated with a significant improvement in local recurrence rates (5.2% in R0CRM– resected vs. 33.3 in R1/R0CRM + resected, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

While resection margin status was not affected by the MP status in dPDAC patients, the high MP infiltration rate, as well as improved survival in MP– dPDAC patients after R0CRM– resection, justify mesopancreatic excision during splenopancreatectomy. Larger scale studies are urgently needed to validate our results and to study the effect on neoadjuvant treatment in dPDAC patients.
Functional expression of the proton sensors ASIC1a, TMEM206, and OGR1 together with BKCa channels is associated with cell volume changes and cell death under strongly acidic conditions in DAOY medulloblastoma cells
Authors: Pissas Karolos-Philippos , Gründer Stefan , Tian Yuemin
Published: April 2024

Fast growing solid tumors are frequently surrounded by an acidic microenvironment. Tumor cells employ a variety of mechanisms to survive and proliferate under these harsh conditions. In that regard, acid-sensitive membrane receptors constitute a particularly interesting target, since they can affect cellular functions through ion flow and second messenger cascades. Our knowledge of these processes remains sparse, however, especially regarding medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric CNS malignancy. In this study, using RT-qPCR, whole-cell patch clamp, and Ca2+-imaging, we uncovered several ion channels and a G protein-coupled receptor, which were regulated directly or indirectly by low extracellular pH in DAOY and UW228 medulloblastoma cells. Acidification directly activated acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a), the proton-activated Cl− channel (PAC, ASOR, or TMEM206), and the proton-activated G protein-coupled receptor OGR1. The resulting Ca2+ signal secondarily activated the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BKCa). Our analyses uncover a complex relationship of these transmembrane proteins in DAOY cells that resulted in cell volume changes and induced cell death under strongly acidic conditions. Collectively, our results suggest that these ion channels in concert with OGR1 may shape the growth and evolution of medulloblastoma cells in their acidic microenvironment.
Evaluation of the prognostic potential of histopathological subtyping in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Zelisse Hein S. , Hwan Robin A. , van de Vijver Marc J. , Dijk Frederike , Mom Constantijne H. , Hooijer Gerrit K. J. , van Gent Mignon D. J. M. , Snijders Malou L. H.
Published: April 2024

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) can be categorized into four gene expression-based subtypes, with supposedly distinct prognoses and treatment responses. Murakami et al. translated these gene expression-based subtypes into the histopathological mesenchymal, immunoreactive, solid and proliferative, and papilloglandular subtypes, showing differences in survival outcomes. Miyagawa et al. refined these criteria to improve the interobserver concordance. The current retrospective study evaluated the interobserver variability and the prognostic differences between the histopathologic subtypes using the criteria of both Murakami et al. and Miyagawa et al. in 208 HGSOC cases. The mesenchymal subtype was considered first, followed by the immunoreactive subtype. Non-conforming cases were categorized as solid and proliferative or papilloglandular. The mesenchymal subtype was identified in 122 patients (58.7%) for both criteria. Using the criteria of Murakami et al., 10 cases (4.8%) were immunoreactive, 26 (12.5%) solid and proliferative, and 50 (24%) papilloglandular, with a concordance rate of 62.5% (κ = 0.34, p < .001). Using the Miyagawa et al. criteria, 23 cases (11%) were immunoreactive, 20 (9.6%) solid and proliferative, and 43 (20.7%) papilloglandular. No survival differences were observed between the subtypes. The fair reproducibility of the histopathological subtype classification of HGSOC and the lack of survival differences among these subtypes indicate the need for further refinement of the criteria and exploration of their correlation with overall survival outcomes before clinical application.
High prevalence of haemosporidian parasites in Eurasian jays
Authors: Schumm Yvonne R. , Lederer-Ponzer Naemi , Masello Juan F. , Quillfeldt Petra
Published: April 2024

Avian haemosporidians are vector-borne parasites, infecting a great variety of birds. The order Passeriformes has the highest average infection probability; nevertheless, some common species of Passeriformes have been rather poorly studied. We investigated haemosporidians in one such species, the Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius (Corvidae), from a forest population in Hesse, Central Germany. All individuals were infected with at least one haemosporidian genus (overall prevalence: 100%). The most common infection pattern was a mixed Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon infection, whereas no Plasmodium infection was detected. Results on lineage diversity indicate a rather pronounced host-specificity of Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon lineages infecting birds of the family Corvidae.
Analysing Equilibrium States for Population Diversity
Authors: Lengler Johannes , Opris Andre , Sudholt Dirk
Published: April 2024

Population diversity is crucial in evolutionary algorithms as it helps with global exploration and facilitates the use of crossover. Despite many runtime analyses showing advantages of population diversity, we have no clear picture of how diversity evolves over time. We study how the population diversity of $$(\mu +1)$$

(
μ
+
1
)

algorithms, measured by the sum of pairwise Hamming distances, evolves in a fitness-neutral environment. We give an exact formula for the drift of population diversity and show that it is driven towards an equilibrium state. Moreover, we bound the expected time for getting close to the equilibrium state. We find that these dynamics, including the location of the equilibrium, are unaffected by surprisingly many algorithmic choices. All unbiased mutation operators with the same expected number of bit flips have the same effect on the expected diversity. Many crossover operators have no effect at all, including all binary unbiased, respectful operators. We review crossover operators from the literature and identify crossovers that are neutral towards the evolution of diversity and crossovers that are not.
A prospective case series to evaluate subcostal nerve injury with high-resolution ultrasound in posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy
Authors: van Uitert Allon , Chaman-Baz Hossein A. , van der Wal Selina E. I. , Zhu Xiaoye , Wijntjes Juerd , Timmers Henri J. L. M. , Witjes J. Alfred , van Alfen Nens , Langenhuijsen Johan F.
Published: April 2024

Background

Posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy has several advantages over transabdominal laparoscopic adrenalectomy regarding operating time, blood loss, postoperative pain, and recovery. However, postoperatively several patients report chronic pain or hypoesthesia. We hypothesized that these symptoms may be the result of damage to the subcostal nerve, because it passes the surgical area.

Methods

A prospective single-center case series was performed in adult patients without preoperative pain or numbness of the abdominal wall who underwent unilateral posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy. Patients received pre- and postoperative questionnaires and a high-resolution ultrasound scan of the subcostal nerve and abdominal wall muscles was performed before and directly after surgery. Clinical evaluation at 6 weeks was performed with repeat questionnaires, physical examination, and high-resolution ultrasound. Long-term recovery was evaluated with questionnaires, and photographs from the patients were examined for abdominal wall asymmetry.

Results

A total of 25 patients were included in the study. There were no surgical complications. Preoperative visualization of the subcostal nerve was possible in all patients. At 6 weeks, ultrasound showed nerve damage in 15 patients, with no significant association between nerve damage and postsurgical pain. However, there was a significant association between nerve damage and hypoesthesia (p = 0.01), sensory (p < 0.001), and motor (p < 0.001) dysfunction on physical examination. After a median follow-up of 18 months, 5 patients still experienced either numbness or muscle weakness, and one patient experienced chronic postsurgical pain.

Conclusion

In this exporatory case series the incidence of postoperative damage to the subcostal nerve, both clinically and radiologically, was 60% after posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy. There was no association with pain, and the spontaneous recovery rate was high.

Graphical Abstract