bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A tale of two virtual communities”: A preliminary analysis of discourse in two online programming support communities
Authors: Sengupta Subhasree
Published: October 2020

Software programming is increasingly becoming a collaborative and community driven effort, with online discussions becoming vital resources for learning and knowledge sharing. This study explores differences in the discourse patterns in two popular online programming communities to provide preliminary insights for the question of how virtual learning communities should be designed and structured. A content analysis of a random sample of 15 discussion threads from each of r/Askprogramming (236 contributions) and Stack Overflow (SO; 224 contributions) was used to explore the observed interaction patterns. Differences between sites emerge in the scope of topics and the nature of responses the community provides. While Stack Overflow is more task‐specific, r/Askprogramming supports a greater sense of bonding and camaraderie among community members in addition to task‐specific discussions. These findings suggest key normative structures that regulate the nature of discourse in these communities which may in turn have design implications for such online learning initiatives.
The state of practice of COVID‐19 tracking systems: An inventory study
Authors: Tang Rong , Erdelez Sanda , May Emma , Zhang Yishan
Published: October 2020

In this poster, we report the preliminary results of an inventory of 149 publicly accessible active COVID‐19 tracking systems. Key findings include the frequency distribution of the systems' web domain names, the countries where the systems were created, the languages they support, the visual display format, the map platforms, and the data sources. These findings help to advance the knowledge of the data characteristics and design of pandemic surveillance/tracking systems.
The influence of bioRχiv on PLOS ONE's peer‐review and acceptance time
Authors: Tsunoda Hiroyuki , Sun Yuan , Nishizawa Masaki , Liu Xiaomin , Amano Kou
Published: October 2020

This study examines the relation between acceptance times in preprint publishing and journal publishing. Specifically, we investigated the association between a paper's posting time to bioRχiv, a preprints server, and journal articles' peer‐review and acceptance time for PLOS ONE. So far, of the total papers published in 1,626 academic journals, the average publication rate of those posted in bioRχiv is 40.67%. Meanwhile, PLOS ONE was the journal that published more papers. Analysis of peer‐review and acceptance time of papers published in journals via preprints showed the time these papers are posted in relation to these intervals. The median of the peer‐review and acceptance time of the journal submission date that was later than the date of first posting to bioRχiv was 110.00 days, and in the reverse case, it was 139.50 days. Posting to the preprint server before journal submission shows a better order than vice versa. This study provides us a good understanding of the peer‐review process. It also gives us good insights into optimizing this process, which would then facilitate paper publication and knowledge dissemination.
Instructors' understanding of and responses to student privacy in the datafied classroom
Authors: VanScoy Amy , Jones Kyle M. L. , Bright Kawanna , Harding Alison
Published: October 2020

The prevalence of educational technology has led to the creation of the “datafied classroom,” a sociotechnical environment captured in and treated as analyzable data for educational data mining and learning analytics practices. This “datafied classroom” presents risks, namely to student privacy. There is a need to better understand how faculty perceive student privacy issues and strategize to address them in practice. This poster reports emerging findings from an IMLS‐funded study that surveyed 502 instructors representing colleges and universities in the United States. The survey captured instructor knowledge of, attitudes and values about, and instructional design experiences with student privacy issues.
Preparing for the future of work: Building an informal learning community about intelligent technologies in poor neighborhoods
Authors: Xiao Lu , Asante‐Agyei Charis
Published: October 2020

As intelligent machines continue to shape current and future work, low‐income families are expected to be the most negatively affected. To sustainably help low‐income families be better prepared for a future of working with intelligent machines, we are building an informal learning community in a poor neighborhood where we engage children and parents through a robotics club. We report our community building progress and the interviews we conducted with the children and their parents.
Process of information engagement: Integrating information behavior and user engagement
Authors: Dvir Nim
Published: October 2020

User engagement is considered critical to technology interactions. The user engagement scale (UES) is a measurement tool for engagement based on self‐reported measures. However, UES does not emphasize interactions with information and focus solely on perception. This visual presentation describes a novel conceptual and measurement framework to systematically describe and evaluate information engagement (IE). Following a comprehensive literature review, we conceptualize The process of information engagement (PIE) which includes three dimensions: (a) Participation ‐ users' investment in the information interaction, including information retrieval and behavioral responses ‐ measured through information exchange (b) Perception ‐ users' relation to the information, the level of emotional involvement, interest and intent in the information (c) Perseverance – users' retention of the information, the quality of the integration and influence of the information. The findings provide foundation for future work to conceptualize and operationalize IE measurement across a range of situations.
Descriptive richness of free‐text metadata: A comparative analysis of three language archives
Authors: Burke Mary , Zavalina Oksana L.
Published: October 2020

As archiving became a priority in documentary linguistics only in the 1990's, existing research indicates that language archives are not yet up to date on best practices in information organization. As a result, metadata in language archives varies substantially, depending on the depositor, self‐upload procedures, and metadata creation guidelines. Focusing on free‐text metadata, known to provide rich information, this study analyzes item‐level metadata in three language archives: the Endangered Language Archive, Pacific Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures, and the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America. The study identified categories of information included in Description metadata fields and the relative distribution of these categories. The most commonly occurring categories of information observed in this study can serve as a basis for the development of best practice guidelines for item‐level metadata in language archives.
Thermal Stability of a Eutectic Mixture of Bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) Acetal and Formal: Part C. Kinetic Compensation Effect
Authors: Yang Dali , Edgar Alexander S. , Torres Joseph A. , Adams Jillian C. , Kress Joel D.
Published: October 2020

The aging behavior of a eutectic mixture of bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) acetal and formal [called NP here] has been studied in various atmospheres [dry (air or nitrogen) versus wet] at temperatures 70 °C and below. The properties of aged samples were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Karl Fischer (KF) titration, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) over a period of three years. The results indicate that at aging temperatures up to 55 °C, the initial rates of water production from nitrous acid (HONO) formation and decomposition into the water, NO, and NO2 follows a 1st order rate law and the rate constants follow an Arrhenius law as a function of temperature. The activation energies and pre‐factors for water and volatiles production yield a single linear kinetic compensation plot, suggesting a common degradation pathway between NP and the various combinations of its constituents. Within a narrow temperature range, around 55 °C, a trace amount of water in NP stabilizes its properties by preventing HONO elimination. When the aging temperature is substantially higher than 55 °C, the nature of the degradation mechanism changes. It is suspected that the degradation products of NOx, water, and HNO3 serve as catalysts to auto‐catalyze (kinetics beyond the 1st order) and further degrade NP. The effect of headspace volume on this auto‐catalytic process will be discussed.
Exploring the copper binding ability of Mets7 hCtr‐1 protein domain and His7 derivative: An insight in Michael addition catalysis
Authors: Rimoldi Isabella , Bucci Raffaella , Feni Lucia , Santagostini Laura , Facchetti Giorgio , Pellegrino Sara
Published: October 2020

Mets7 is a methionine‐rich motif present in hCtr‐1 transporter that is involved in copper cellular trafficking. Its ability to bind Cu(I) was recently exploited to develop metallopeptide catalysts for Henry condensation. Here, the catalytic activity of Mets7‐Cu(I) complex in Michael addition reactions has been evaluated. Furthermore, His7 peptide, in which Met residues have been substituted with His ones, was also prepared. This substitution allowed His7 to coordinate Cu (II), with the obtainment of a stable turn conformation as evicted by CD experiments. His7‐Cu (II) proved also to be a better catalyst than Mets7‐Cu(I) in the addition reaction. In particular, when the substrate was the (E)‐1‐phenyl‐3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one, a conversion of 71% and a significative 58% of e.e. was observed.
Tunnel spoil recycling for concrete production at the Brenner Base tunnel in Austria
Authors: Voit Klaus , Murr Roland , Cordes Tobias , Zeman Oliver , Bergmeister Konrad
Published: October 2020

In the construction of major tunnel structures, large quantities of rock material are generated by the excavation of, for example, tunnels or caverns out of the in situ rock mass. Excavated rock material was often considered as undesired by‐product and from a legal point of view as waste in the past. Nevertheless, there is the need for construction material at the tunnel construction site directly where the rock material is generated. Broad scientific research is conducted concerning the utilization possibilities and optimization of recycling implementation. This article deals with the recycling of tunnel excavation material substituting conventional aggregate for concrete by the example of the Brenner Base Tunnel in Austria. Concrete design, material processing, and concrete production were affected by challenging geological bedrock conditions. This article presents the scientific approach, experimental setup, verification, and the realization on the construction site. The way from preliminary mixing designs to the final product is illustrated for two main rock types: calcareous schists, which successfully were recycled and processed as aggregate for shotcrete, structural and inner lining concrete; and quartz phyllite with unsuitable rock properties for concrete production due to intense foliation and mica‐rich mineral composition. The results are demonstrating the need for detailed examination of rock and concrete properties regarding the usability of tunnel excavation material.
Language teacher agency for educational justice–oriented work: An ecological model
Authors: Peña‐Pincheira Romina S. , De Costa Peter I.
Published: October 2020

Recent global social unrest that stems from historical racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic inequality and inequity has elevated the need for language educators to challenge traditional understandings of and practices in the language classroom. Such a development warrants an examination of language teacher agency in contemporary society. To this end and building on recent work on teacher agency in general education and second language teacher education research, we propose an ecological model to investigate teacher agency. Our ecologically oriented model draws specifically on Pantić’s (2015) model for social justice and the Douglas Fir Group’s (2016) call for an examination of language teaching as impacted by macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐level forces. Through our proposed teacher agency model that represents the multilayered complexity of second language learning and teaching, we seek to advance an educational justice agenda. To illustrate the power and potential of our analytic ecological model to teacher agency for educational justice, we focus on a focal English as a foreign language teacher from Chile, Camila. The article ends with discussion of pedagogical possibilities that can be explored in conjunction with the research model we put forward.
S-duality wall of SQCD from Toda braiding
Authors: Le Floch B.
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Exact field theory dualities can be implemented by duality domain walls such that passing any operator through the interface maps it to the dual operator. This paper describes the S-duality wall of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SU(N) SQCD with 2N hypermultiplets in terms of fields on the defect, namely three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SQCD with gauge group U(N − 1) and 2N flavours, with a monopole superpotential. The theory is self-dual under a duality found by Benini, Benvenuti and Pasquetti, in the same way that T[SU(N)] (the S-duality wall of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills) is self-mirror. The domain-wall theory can also be realized as a limit of a USp(2N − 2) gauge theory; it reduces to known results for N = 2. The theory is found through the AGT correspondence by determining the braiding kernel of two semi-degenerate vertex operators in Toda CFT.
Resummed Drell-Yan cross-section at N3LL
Authors: Ajjath A. H. , Das Goutam , Kumar M. C. , Mukherjee Pooja , Ravindran V. , Samanta Kajal
Published: October 2020

Abstract

We present the resummed predictions for inclusive cross-section for Drell-Yan (DY) production as well as onshell Z, W± productions at next-to-next-to-next-to leading logarithmic (N3LL) accuracy. Using the standard techniques, we derive the N-dependent coefficients in the Mellin-N space as well as the N-independent constants and match the resummed result through the minimal prescription procedure with the fixed order results. In addition to the standard ln N exponentiation, we study the numerical impacts of exponentiating N-independent part of the soft function and the complete $$ {\overline{g}}_0 $$

g
¯

0

that appears in the resummed predictions in N space. All the analytical pieces needed in these different approaches are extracted from the soft-virtual part of the inclusive cross section known to next-to-next-to-next-to leading order (N3LO). We perform a detailed analysis on the scale and parton distribution function (PDF) variations and present predictions for 13 TeV LHC for the neutral Drell-Yan process as well as onshell charged and neutral vector boson productions.
Jurypreis des Österreichischen Staatspreises 2018
Authors: Langmann G. , Gliebe W. , Granitz E. , Kohlhofer A. , Reinisch S. , Ivastinovic D. , Wedrich A.
Published: October 2020

Fragestellung

Kann sich ein Non-Profit-Unternehmen wie eine Universitäts-Augenklinik in Konkurrenz zu Profit-Unternehmen erfolgreich für einen Staatspreis des Bundesministeriums für Innovation und Wirtschaftsstandort in Österreich bewerben.

Material und Methode

Nach erfolgreichen Committed to Excellence (C2E) Assessments 2008/2010 wurde ein 70-seitiger Unternehmensbericht streng nach der EFQM(European Foundation for Quality Management)-Logik (bestehend aus Grundkonzepten, Kriterienmatrix und RADAR-Logik) erarbeitet. Im Assessment 2018 wurde besonderes Augenmerk auf die Entwicklung der Strategie der Universitäts-Augenklinik mit ihren beiden Anteilseignern (Shareholdern), der im Besitz des Landes Steiermark befindlichen Krankenanstalten Gesellschaft (KAGes) und der dem Bundesministerium zugehörigen Medizinischen Universität Graz, gelegt und diese mithilfe der X‑Matrix (nach Hoshin-Kanri) entwickelt und dargestellt.

Ergebnisse

Das Gesamt-Punktescore im Recognised for Excellence(R4E)-Assessment 2018 war 500 bis 550 Punkte, was die Jury zur Vergabe eines Jurypreises des Österreichischen Nationalpreises (Fokus: partizipative Führung) veranlasste. Verbesserungspotenziale waren die Ausrichtung der Kernprozesse auf die Hauptleistungsindikatoren der Universitäts-Augenklinik, die sich aus ihrer Mission, bestehend aus Patient*innen Versorgung, Forschung, Lehre, Ausbildung und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, ergeben. Die Entwicklung der Strategie mit den Anteilseignern hat sich gegenüber dem R4E-Assessment von 2017 von einem Potenzial zu einer Stärke entwickelt.

Diskussion

Schriftliche und mündliche Rückmeldungen aus einem EFQM-Assessment sind der größte Mehrwert („value-added“) aus diversen Preisbewerbungen für eine Universitäts-Augenklinik sowie allgemein für Wirtschaftsunternehmen.
Serum neurofilament light chain as outcome marker for intensive care unit patients
Authors: Fisse Anna Lena , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Leppert David , Motte Jeremias , Pedreiturria Xiomara , Kappos Ludwig , Gold Ralf , Kuhle Jens , Yoon Min-Suk
Published: October 2020

Objective

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) in serum indicates neuro-axonal damage in diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. Reliable markers to enable early estimation of clinical outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether serum NfL levels are a possible biomarker for prediction of outcome of ICU patients.

Methods

Thirty five patients were prospectively examined from admission to ICU until discharge from the hospital or death. NfL levels were measured longitudinally by a Simoa assay.

Results

NfL was elevated in all ICU patients and reached its maximum at day 35 of ICU treatment. Outcome determined by modified Rankin Scale at the end of the follow-up period correlated with NfL level at admission, especially in the group of patients with impairment of the central nervous system (n = 25, r = 0.56, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

NfL could be used as a prognostic marker for outcome of ICU patients, especially in patients with impairment of the central nervous system.
The acute physiological and perceptual effects of recovery interval intensity during cycling-based high-intensity interval training
Authors: Fennell Christopher R. J. , Hopker James G.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The current study sought to investigate the role of recovery intensity on the physiological and perceptual responses during cycling-based aerobic high-intensity interval training.

Methods

Fourteen well-trained cyclists ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{{\text{2peak}}}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

: 62 ± 9 mL kg−1 min−1) completed seven laboratory visits. At visit 1, the participants’ peak oxygen consumption ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{{\text{2peak}}}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

) and lactate thresholds were determined. At visits 2–7, participants completed either a 6 × 4 min or 3 × 8 min high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol with one of three recovery intensity prescriptions: passive (PA) recovery, active recovery at 80% of lactate threshold (80A) or active recovery at 110% of lactate threshold (110A).

Results

The time spent at > 80%, > 90% and > 95% of maximal minute power during the work intervals was significantly increased with PA recovery, when compared to both 80A and 110A, during both HIIT protocols (all P ≤ 0.001). However, recovery intensity had no effect on the time spent at > 90% $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{{\text{2peak}}}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

(P = 0.11) or > 95% $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{{\text{2peak}}}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

(P = 0.50) during the work intervals of both HIIT protocols. Session RPE was significantly higher following the 110A recovery, when compared to the PA and 80A recovery during both HIIT protocols (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Passive recovery facilitates a higher work interval PO and similar internal stress for a lower sRPE when compared to active recovery and therefore may be the efficacious recovery intensity prescription.
In plain sight: implicit priming of patterns and faces using change symmetry
Authors: Aksentijevic Aleksandar , Duffy Finbar , Mihailovic Anja , Mihailovic Dragutin T.
Published: October 2020

Aksentijevic–Gibson complexity is an original complexity measure based on the amount of change in a string or 2D array that has been successfully implemented on data from psychology to physics. The key ingredient to computing the measure is a change symmetry (CS)—a novel form of structure (also known as generalised palindrome) which represents a central or mirror symmetry based on the redundant arrangement not of symbols but of changes. This results in patterns that although globally symmetrical do not appear as such when inspected locally. We used this property to (a) affect the registration of a target, (b) prime the symmetry judgment of 2D arrays and (c) faces using 1D patterns possessing change symmetry. In Experiment 2, we applied the lock and key principle to complete the prime without showing its structure at once. In Experiments 3 and 4, we presented subjects with fast sequences of CSs such that the configuration of an individual pattern was masked by the subsequent pattern leaving only the structural “essence” of the prime symmetry. The results strongly support the contention that higher-level hidden structure of change symmetry successfully primes the symmetry perception of 2D arrays as well as facial attractiveness.
Molten steel temperature prediction using a hybrid model based on information interaction-enhanced cuckoo search
Authors: Yang Qiangda , Fu Yichuan , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2020

This article presents a hybrid model for predicting the temperature of molten steel in a ladle furnace (LF). Unique to the proposed hybrid prediction model is that its neural network-based empirical part is trained in an indirect way since the target outputs of this part are unavailable. A modified cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is used to optimize the parameters in the empirical part. The search of each individual in the traditional CS is normally performed independently, which may limit the algorithm’s search capability. To address this, a modified CS, information interaction-enhanced CS (IICS), is proposed in this article to enhance the interaction of search information between individuals and thereby the search capability of the algorithm. The performance of the proposed IICS algorithm is first verified by testing on two benchmark sets (including 16 classical benchmark functions and 29 CEC 2017 benchmark functions) and then used in optimizing the parameters in the empirical part of the proposed hybrid prediction model. The proposed hybrid model is applied to actual production data from a 300 t LF at Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd, one of China's most famous integrated iron and steel enterprises, and the results show that the proposed hybrid prediction model is effective with comparatively high accuracy.
Surgery for IDH1/2 wild-type glioma invading the corpus callosum
Authors: Franco Pamela , Delev Daniel , Cipriani Debora , Neidert Nicolas , Kellner Elias , Masalha Waseem , Mercas Bianca , Mader Irina , Reinacher Peter , Weyerbrock Astrid , Fung Christian , Beck Jürgen , Heiland Dieter Henrik , Schnell Oliver
Published: October 2020

Background

Glioblastoma of the corpus callosum (ccGBM) are rare tumors, with a dismal prognosis marked by a rapid clinical deterioration. For a long time, surgical treatment was not considered beneficial for most patients with such tumors. Recent studies claimed an improved survival for patients undergoing extensive resection, albeit without integration of the molecular profile of the lesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of biopsy and surgical resection on oncological and functional outcomes in patients with IDH wild-type ccGBM.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of our institution’s database of patients having been treated for high-grade glioma between 2005 and 2017. Inclusion criteria were defined as follows: patients older than 18 years, histopathological, and molecularly defined IDH wild-type glioma, major tumor mass (at least 2/3) invading the corpus callosum in the sagittal plane with a uni- or bilateral infiltration of the adjacent lobules. Surgical therapy (resection vs. biopsy), extent of resection according to the remaining tumor volume and adjuvant treatment as well as overall survival and functional outcome using the Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) were analyzed.

Results

Fifty-five patients were included in the study, from which the mean age was 64 years and men (n = 34, 61.8%) were more often affected than women (n = 21, 38.2%). Thirty (54.5%) patients were treated with stereotactic biopsy alone, while 25 patients received tumor resection resulting in 14.5% (n = 8) gross-total resections and 30.9% (n = 17) partial resections. The 2-year survival rate after resection was 30% compared to 7% after biopsy (p = 0.047). The major benefit was achieved in the group with gross-total resection, while partial resection failed to improve survival. Neurological outcome measured by KPS did not differ between both groups either pre- or postoperatively.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that in patients with corpus callosum glioblastoma, gross-total resection prolongs survival without negatively impacting neurological outcome as compared to biopsy.
Second-order agent-based models of emergent behaviour of Dictyostelium discoideum and their inspiration for swarm robotics
Authors: Parhizkar Mohammad , Serugendo Giovanna Di Marzo , Nitschke Jahn , Hellequin Louis , Wade Assane , Soldati Thierry
Published: October 2020

By studying and modelling the behaviour of Dictyostelium discoideum, we aim at deriving mechanisms useful for engineering collective artificial intelligence systems. This paper discusses a selection of agent-based models reproducing second-order behaviour of Dictyostelium discoideum, occurring during the migration phase; their corresponding biological illustrations; and how we used them as an inspiration for transposing this behaviour into swarms of Kilobots. For the models, we focus on: (1) the transition phase from first- to second-order emergent behaviour; (2) slugs’ uniform distribution around a light source; and (3) the relationship between slugs’ speed and length occurring during the migration phase of the life cycle of D. discoideum. Results show the impact of the length of the slug on its speed and the effect of ammonia on the distribution of slugs. Our computational results show similar behaviour to our biological experiments, using Ax2(ka) strain. For swarm robotics experiments, we focus on the transition phase, slugs’ chaining, merging and moving away from each other.
Die Begründetheit von Umweltrechtsbehelfen von Verbänden seit der UmwRG-Novelle 2017
Authors: Guckelberger Annette
Published: October 2020

Angesichts der Ausweitung der umweltrechtsbehelfsfähigen Gegenstände sowie des partiellen
Entfallens der materiellen Präklusion gibt es seit der UmwRG-Novelle 2017 eine Reihe von Vorschriften
zur Eindämmung der daraus resultierenden Effekte, die bei der Prüfung der Begründetheit der
Rechtsbehelfe relevant werden.
A cross-sectional study investigating the relationships between self-management abilities, productive patient-professional interactions, and well-being of community-dwelling frail older people
Authors: Vestjens Lotte , Cramm Jane Murray , Nieboer Anna Petra
Published: October 2020

Worldwide, the maintenance of well-being in ageing populations with associated frailty has become increasingly important. To maintain well-being during ageing, investment in frail older people’s self-management abilities and the fostering of productive interactions with healthcare professionals may lead to higher levels of well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between community-dwelling frail older people’s self-management abilities, productive patient-professional interactions and well-being, while controlling for socio-demographic characteristics. This cross-sectional study included 588 community-dwelling frail older people (aged ≥ 75 years) from 15 general practitioner (GP) practices in the Netherlands. Well-being (Social Production Function Instrument for the Level of well-being short), productivity of interactions with GPs (relational coproduction instrument), and self-management abilities (Self-Management Ability Scale short) were measured during in-home face-to-face interviews by trained interviewers. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and linear mixed-effects models. Significant relationships were detected between self-management abilities and the overall, social, and physical well-being of older people, and between productive interactions with GPs and overall and social well-being, but not physical well-being. In a time of ageing populations with associated frailty, investment in frail older people’s self-management abilities and the productivity of patient-professional interactions may be beneficial for this population’s well-being.
How Can Modifications of Meaning Influence Argumentation? The Concept and Typology of Semantic Arguments
Authors: Pruś Jakub
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article is to show how modifications of meaning can influence argumentation. I present the basic concept of so-called ‘semantic argumentation,’ its definition, and its different variants. I analyse the various kinds of argument in which meanings of terms are modified in support of a persuasive goal. The analysis of different semantic arguments reveals certain structures and patterns that are needed to construct a typology of such arguments. I thus outline a basic concept of argumentation based on modifications of meaning, before presenting various examples of such arguments together with an analysis of their structures, and then, finally, constructing a typology for them.
Cryptic alternative male mating strategies in invasive alien round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) of the upper Danube River
Authors: Cerwenka Alexander F. , Brandner Joerg , Geist Juergen , Schliewen Ulrich K.
Published: October 2020

Male alternative mating strategies are a widespread life history choice, yet they have hardly been assessed in the context of fish invasions. As established proxies for alternative life-history strategies, body length and sexual maturity of Ponto–Caspian round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) from the recently invaded upper Danube River were contrasted and differential trophic niche occupation was assessed. Only about 4% of analyzed gobies qualified as potential sneakers which may be explained by the recent and ongoing invasion process. This study provides evidence for the occurrence of sneaking behavior of invasive round goby in the upper Danube River.
Next-generation sequencing: a follow-up of 36,913 singleton pregnancies with noninvasive prenatal testing in central China
Authors: Lu Wan , Huang Ting , Wang Xin-Rong , Zhou Ji-Hui , Yuan Hui-Zhen , Yang Yan , Huang Ting-Ting , Liu Dan-Ping , Liu Yan-Qiu
Published: October 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results of 36,913 cases in Jiangxi province of central China and explore its application value in prenatal screening and diagnosis.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 36,913 singleton pregnant women who underwent NIPT because of moderate-/high-risk pregnancy or voluntary requirements between January 2017 and December 2019 in our hospital. Chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomies 21, 18, and 13 (T21, T18, T13) and sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) were judged by standard Z-score analysis. Positive NIPT results were confirmed by amniocentesis and karyotyping. Pregnancy outcomes were followed up via telephone interview.

Results

A total of 1.01% (371/36,913) positive cases were detected by NIPT, comprising 137, 46, 31, and 157 cases of T21, T18, T13, and SCAs, respectively. A total of 116 of T21, 27 of T18, 13 of T13, and 51 of SCAs were confirmed to be true positive; all normal cases that had been followed up were verified to be true negative. The NIPT sensitivity in T21, T18, T13, and SCAs was 100.00% individually, whereas the specificity was 99.94% (36,488/36,509), 99.95% (36,579/36,598), 99.95% (36,594/36,612), and 99.72% (36,472/36,574), respectively. Furthermore, the negative predictive values of T21, T18, T13, and SCAs were all 100%, while the positive predictive values were 84.67%, 58.70%, 41.94%, and 33.33%, respectively.

Conclusion

NIPT is highly sensitive and has a low false positive rate in testing clinically significant fetal aneuploidies of general reproductive women. However, this technique cannot substitute for amniocentesis and karyotyping, and detailed genetic counseling is also essential for the high-risk group of NIPT.
A novel view on bounding execution demand under mixed-criticality EDF
Authors: Mahdiani Mitra , Masrur Alejandro
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we are concerned with scheduling a mix of high-criticality (HI) and low-criticality (LO) tasks under Earliest Deadline First (EDF) on one processor. To this end, the system implements two operation modes, LO and HI mode. In LO mode, HI tasks execute for no longer than their optimistic execution budgets and are scheduled together with the LO tasks. The system switches to HI mode, where all LO tasks are prevented from running, when one or more HI tasks run for longer than expected. Since these mode changes may happen at arbitrary points in time, it is difficult to find an accurate bound on carry-over jobs, i.e., those HI jobs that were released before, but did not finish executing at the point of the transition. To overcome this problem, we propose a technique that works around the computation of carry-over execution demand. Basically, the proposed technique separates the schedulability analysis of the transition between LO and HI mode from that of stable HI mode. We prove that a transition from LO to HI mode is feasible, if an equivalent task set derived from the original is schedulable under plain EDF. On this basis, we can apply approximation techniques such as, e.g., the well-known Devi’s test to derive further tests that trade off accuracy versus complexity/runtime. Finally, we perform a detailed comparison with respect to weighted schedulability on synthetic data illustrating benefits by the proposed technique.
HoloPointer: a virtual augmented reality pointer for laparoscopic surgery training
Authors: Heinrich Florian , Huettl Florentine , Schmidt Gerd , Paschold Markus , Kneist Werner , Huber Tobias , Hansen Christian
Published: October 2020

Purpose

In laparoscopic surgery training, experts guide novice physicians to desired instrument positions or indicate relevant areas of interest. These instructions are usually given via verbal communication or using physical pointing devices. To facilitate a sterile work flow and to improve training, new guiding methods are needed. This work proposes to use optical see-through augmented reality to visualize an interactive virtual pointer on the laparoscopic.

Methods

After an interdisciplinary development, the pointer’s applicability and feasibility for training was evaluated and it was compared to a standard condition based on verbal and gestural communication only. In this study, ten surgical trainees were guided by an experienced trainer during cholecystectomies on a laparoscopic training simulator. All trainees completed a virtual cholecystectomy with and without the interactive virtual pointer in alternating order. Measures included procedure time, economy of movement and error rates.

Results

Results of standardized variables revealed significantly improved economy of movement (p = 0.047) and error rates (p = 0.047), as well as an overall improved user performance (Total z-score; p = 0.031) in conditions using the proposed method.

Conclusion

The proposed HoloPointer is a feasible and applicable tool for laparoscopic surgery training. It improved objective performance metrics without prolongation of the task completion time in this pre-clinical setup.
An Epidemiological Study of Cut Throat Injury During COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Acharya Souvagini , Dash Rajat Kumar , Das Aurobinda , Hota Madhusmita , Mohapatra Chittaranjan , Dash Sarita
Published: October 2020

To find out incidence, prevalence, various modes and pattern of cutthroat injury during COVID-19 pandemic and compare with prior non pandemic period. To find out the various factor influencing the suicidal cutthroat and establish the temporal association of suicidal cutthroat with COVID-19 pandemic. It is a retrospective study of cutthroat patients who were managed in ENT Dept. VIMSAR, Burla, Sambalur, Odisha, India from 1st September 2019 to 31st August 2020. Source of information are casualty, IPD and OT registers and online data. Total cases were divided into group-A (prior to COVID-19 pandemic) and group-B (during COVID-19 pandemic) and analysed. Total 24 cutthroat injury cases were treated over 1 year in department of ENT, VIMSAR, Burla, which was 0.054% of total cases attended at casualty and 2.371% of total IPD patients treated. In GROUP-A, total 10 cases with M:F = 9:1,suicidal 4 cases (40%), homicidal 6 cases (60%), and no accidental cases were recorded. While in GROUP-B, total 14 case with M:F = 14:0, suicidal 9 cases (64.28%), homicidal 3 cases (21.42%) and accidental 2 (14.28%) cases were recorded. In our study majority of cases were male with M:F = 23:1. Common age group belongs to 20–30 years with LSES and farmer by occupation. Zone II injury had incidence of 70.83%. Homicide cases proportionally high during non-COVID period while suicide cases high during COVID-19 pandemic. Association of COVID-19 pandemic with suicidal cut throat injury is seems to be significant. Among predisposing risk factors for suicidal, depression during COVID-19 pandemic had seen in 53.84% of total suicidal cases. Incidence and prevalence of Cut throat injury is comparatively high in western odisha which again increases during months of July and August parallel to COVID-19 pandemic. The common mode of cutthroat injury is homicidal, which suddenly changes to suicidal during COVID-19 pandemic. More vulnerable groups were young unemployed male, farmers and labours. Cutthroat injury cases definitely increases during COVID-19 pandemic with most common mode of injury being suicidal attempt, which may be due to economical and psychological imbalances, due to loss of job and fear and social stigma for COVID-19 diseases.
Sharp Sobolev Inequalities via Projection Averages
Authors: Kniefacz Philipp , Schuster Franz E.
Published: October 2020

A family of sharp $$L^p$$

L
p

Sobolev inequalities is established by averaging the length of i-dimensional projections of the gradient of a function. Moreover, it is shown that each of these new inequalities directly implies the classical $$L^p$$

L
p

 Sobolev inequality of Aubin and Talenti and that the strongest member of this family is the only affine invariant one among them—the affine $$L^p$$

L
p

 Sobolev inequality of Lutwak, Yang, and Zhang. When $$p = 1$$

p
=
1

, the entire family of new Sobolev inequalities is extended to functions of bounded variation to also allow for a complete classification of all extremal functions in this case.
Does project focus influence challenges and opportunities of open online education? A sub-group analysis of group-concept mapping data
Authors: Schophuizen Martine , Kreijns Karel , Stoyanov Slavi , Rosas Scott , Kalz Marco
Published: October 2020

Openness in education is not a consistent term or value since “open” is used to describe various things and often means different things to different individuals. In a research context, it is important to identify the many interpretation(s) and perspectives of openness being investigated, especially since the underlying ideas behind these different interpretations and contexts can yield different results. Not much empirical research on the implementation aspects of open education exists, especially comparing open educational resources (OER) and open online education (OOE). This empirical study addresses this gap, exploring identification and prioritization of organizational challenges and opportunities of two subgroups of projects (i.e. OER focused or OOE focused) within various higher education institutions in The Netherlands. The main research question in this study is: Does the project character (OER focus vs. OOE focus) of innovation projects lead to perceived differences by actors involved in their implementation? Findings indicate that there are differences in conceptual as well as practical representation between the two groups. These findings imply that higher education institutions need to internally adapt to the needs of various manifestations of “openness” to be able to fully benefit from opportunities and overcome challenges.
Curious eyes and awkward smiles: Menstruation and adolescent boys in India
Authors: Gundi Mukta , Subramanyam Malavika A.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Most Indian studies on menstruation include only girls/women as participants, making it a 'women's' topic. This exclusion of adolescent boys fails to understand menstruation as a social epidemiological entity with existing gender inequalities. For engaging boys to play a meaningful role in improving women's health, studying their knowledge, beliefs regarding topics such as menstruation and socioeconomic characteristics influencing their menstruation‐related experiences need attention. Addressing this is an essential step for reducing gender disparities in adolescent health. Thus, we explore boys' knowledge, beliefs and attitudes regarding menstruation and the impact of social determinants on their menstruation‐related experiences.

Methods

A sequential mixed‐methods study comprising 21 semi‐structured interviews, 5 Focus Group Discussions and 12 key respondent interviews; followed by a cross‐sectional survey of 744 boys from Nashik district, India was conducted. We employed thematic analysis for qualitative data and multivariable regression to model risk ratios for outcomes.

Results

An amalgam of curiosity and awkwardness regarding menstruation was observed. Many lacked accurate knowledge and possessed misinformation. Social and individual‐level determinants influenced boys' menstruation related experiences. Fully adjusted models revealed that being admitted in private unaided schools; having mothers with at least a college education; and comfort with teacher positively influenced boys'knowledge, attitudes and beliefs (incidence rate ratios at 95% CI: 2.67 [1.02, 6.95], p < 0 0.05; 3.16 [1.35, 7.38], p < .05 and 1.92 [1.24, 2.99],p < .01, respectively).

Conclusion

Our study highlights the need of improving Indian boys' understanding and beliefs about menstruation by addressing the social determinants that influence their menstruation‐related experiences.
Obstacle avoidance in V-shape formation flight of multiple fixed-wing UAVs using variable repulsive circles
Authors: Mirzaee Kahagh A. , Pazooki F. , Etemadi Haghighi S.
Published: October 2020

A formation control and obstacle avoidance algorithm has been introduced in this paper for the V-shape formation flight of fixed-wing UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) using the potential functions method. An innovative vector approach has been suggested to fix the conventional challenge in employing the artificial potential field (APF) approach (the creation of local minimums). A method called variable repulsive circles (VRC) has been then presented aimed at designing proper flight paths tailored with functional limitations of fixed-wing UAVs in facing obstacles. Finally, the efficiency of the designed algorithm has been examined and evaluated for different flight scenarios.
Comparison of Shape Characteristics of Plastic Zone Around Circular Tunnel Under Different Strength Criteria
Authors: Shi H. Y. , Ma Z. K. , Zhu Q. J. , Shi J. J. , Zhao Z. Q.
Published: October 2020

The butterfly plastic zone theory based on Mohr Coulomb criterion has been widely used in coal mine production. In order to verify the universality of the theory, it is necessary to compare the distribution of plastic zone under different strength criteria. Based on the elastic-plastic mechanics, the principal stress distribution function around the circular tunnel is deduced in the paper, and the boundary and radius of the plastic zone under different strength criteria are calculated. The results show that the change laws of the plastic zone around the circular tunnel under different strength criteria has the following commonness: firstly, with the increase of the lateral pressure coefficient, the shape of the plastic zone presents the change laws of “circle ellipse butterfly”; Secondly, with the increase of the lateral pressure coefficient, the radius of the plastic zone is exponential distribution, while the characteristic value is different when the radius of the plastic zone is infinite. At same time, it shows that the butterfly plastic zone has a low sensitivity dependence on the strength criterion, no matter which strength criterion is adopted, and the butterfly plastic zone will inevitably appear in the surrounding rock mass of circular tunnel in the high deviator stress environment; The plastic zone with butterfly shape is highly sensitive to the stress change, and the small stress change may promote the expansion of the plastic zone. This result is significant for us to understand and prevent rock engineering disasters and accidents.
Thermodynamic processes in dusty plasma
Authors: Avinash K.
Published: October 2020

Here, we propose a thermodynamic model for dusty plasma, where the dust is confined in a small volume within a large plasma background by external fields. In this model, the parameters of dust, e.g. Helmholtz energy, pressure, entropy and enthalpy, etc. can be calculated for given dust density and temperature. The model is solved analytically in the mean field (gaseous) limit and various processes associated with the gaseous phase of dust, e.g. adiabatic/isothermal/constant internal energy expansion/compression, specific heat, free expansion within the plasma background, and the dispersion of novel acoustic waves are studied. Some predictions of the model, e.g. electrostatic pressure of the dust and the isothermal equation of state, have been earlier verified in experiments and numerical simulations. The model is compared with an earlier thermodynamic model of dusty plasma proposed by Hamaguchi and Farouki.