bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Organoid Models with Next-Generation Sequencing to Reveal Tumor Heterogeneity and Predict Therapeutic Response in Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Yuhong , Gan Yixiang , AiErken NiJiati , Chen Wei , Zhang Shiwei , Ouyang Jie , Zeng Leli , Tang Di
Published: August 2022

Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) is a common subtype of BC with a relatively good prognosis. However, recurrence and death from ER+ BC occur because of tumor heterogeneity. This study aimed to explore tumor heterogeneity using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and tumor-organoid models to promote BC precise therapy. We collected needle biopsy, surgical excision, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples to establish tumor organoids. We found that the histological characteristics of organoids were consistent with original lesions and recapitulated their heterogenicity. In addition, the NGS results showed that PIK3CA and TP53 genes had detrimental mutations. BAP1, RET, AXIN2, and PPP2R2A genes had mutations with unknown function. The score for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) of genome was 56, indicating that the tumor was likely sensitive to PARPi. The mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH) value of the tumor genome was 68.03, indicating high tumor heterogeneity. At last, we performed a drug screening on organoids. The toxicity of different drugs toward BC organoids originated from needle biopsy and surgical excision was tested, respectively. The IC50 values in the needle biopsy groups were paclitaxel 2.83 μM, carboplatin 61.47 μM, neratinib 0.8 μM, lapatinib >100 μM; in the surgical excision groups: trastuzumab >100 μM, docetaxel 0.036 μM, tamoxifen 20.54 μM, olaparib 5.478 μM, BYL719 < 0.1 μM. The toxicity data showed that the BC organoids could show dynamic characteristics of tumor progression and reflect the heterogeneity of BC. Our study demonstrates that the combined use of tumor organoids and NGS is a potential way to test tumor heterogeneity and predict drug response in ER + BC, which contributes to the development of personalized therapy.
Gadolinium-Induced Acute Graft Pancreatitis in a Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant Recipient
Authors: Lee Chiang Sheng , Tan Rachel Yi Ping , Rao Nitesh N.
Published: August 2022

Gadolinium-induced acute pancreatitis is a rare phenomenon associated with the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents. Only five cases of gadolinium-induced acute pancreatitis have been reported worldwide in patients with native pancreas and none with a pancreatic graft. We present a 32-year-old woman with prior history of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant who presented with generalized abdominal pain associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome requiring admission to the intensive care unit. This occurred within 48 hours after having a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium for investigation of subacute left optic atrophy. She was noted to have a marked rise in serum lipase, and the computed tomography findings were consistent with acute graft pancreatitis. Other causes of pancreatitis were ruled out, and she was managed conservatively with aggressive hydration, bowel rest, and analgesia with good recovery. This is the first reported case of gadolinium-induced acute graft pancreatitis occurring in a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipient. Clinicians should consider this rare differential diagnosis as a cause of graft pancreatitis in patients who have received gadolinium-based contrast agents.
Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tareke Amare Abera , Debebe Wondwosen , Alem Addis , Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew , Zerfu Taddese Alemu , Ayana Andualem Mossie
Published: August 2022

Background. The global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing, and the risk of lung cancer in these patients is high. The use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in COPD patients could help to decrease potential lung cancer risk. We planned to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the role of ICS in the risk of lung cancer among COPD patients. Methods. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library and a manual search of the list of references were conducted. Studies with cohort, case-control, and randomized clinical trial designs for any ICS use reporting the incidence/hazard ratio (HR) of lung cancer were included. The random-effects model was used to pool hazard ratios. Subgroup analysis and metaregression analysis were employed. Funnel plot and Egger regression test were used to assess publication bias. Results. Combining the results of 14 observations, the pooled HR for cancer risk reduction was 0.69 (95% CI 0.59-0.79),

p

value ≤ 0.001. The use of ICS in COPD patients showed a 31% reduction in the risk of lung cancer. Subgroup meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in the risk of lung cancer as well. Conclusion. The use of ICS in COPD patients reduces the risk of lung cancer. The risk reduction was independent of smoking status and latency period. Future studies should focus on the optimum dose and controlling confounders like asthma.
Clinical Observation of Macular Vessel Density in Type 2 Diabetics with High Myopia
Authors: Su Ruifeng , Jia Zhiyang , Fan Fang , Li Juan , Li Kejun
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the macular retinal vessel density (VD) of diabetics with high myopia, diabetics without high myopia, and healthy controls. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited type 2 diabetic (T2D) people with no history of ocular treatment in our hospital. Thirty T2D people with high myopia (30 eyes) were included in group A, while 30 T2D people (30 eyes) without myopia were included in group B. Another 30 healthy volunteers (30 eyes) were included in group C. The superficial and deep capillary plexuses VD of the macula were measured in all subjects by optical coherence tomography angiography. In T2D people with high myopia, the correlation between VD in macular regions and baseline data was investigated. Results: (1) Overall comparison of the 3 groups: no statistically significant differences in macular central superficial vessel density (SVD) were found in the three groups (p > 0.05). There were significant differences in the temporal, superior, nasal, inferior SVD between the 3 groups (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in macular central, temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior deep vessel density (DVD) between the three groups (p < 0.05). (2) Comparison of B (no myopia, T2D group) and C (healthy control group): inferior SVD in group B was lower than that in group C (p < 0.05). Temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior DVD in group B were lower than those in group C (p < 0.05). (3) A (high myopia group, T2D) compared with B (no myopia, T2D group), A group compared with C (healthy control group): temporal, superior, nasal, inferior SVD and DVD in group A were all lower than those in group B and C (p < 0.05), DVD in group B was lower than those in group C (p < 0.05). (4) The mean SVD and DVD were not correlated with age, IOP, anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature, but they were negatively correlated with axial length and duration of diabetes in the T2D people with high myopia. Conclusion: Myopia and diabetes are two important factors affecting macular retinal VD. Comparing with the eyes of T2D people without high myopia, the VD in macular regions shows a higher decline in the eyes of T2D people with high myopia.
Cuerpos jóvenes y control de territorios en el triángulo del huachicol
Authors: Morales-López Julio Ulises
Published: August 2022

(analítico)Esta es una investigación antropológica con metodología etnográfica que muestra las dinámicas de violencia que buscan controlar los cuerpos jóvenes y sus territorios, provocando miedo y muerte en el llamado “triángulo del huachicol” en Guanajuato, México. Se analiza la experiencia de siete jóvenes sobrevivientes de un evento de ejecuciones donde asesinaron a dos de sus amigos. Los hallazgos evidencian que los cuerpos de los jóvenes están siendo disputados por los distintos poderes de los grupos del crimen organizado y por las fuerzas armadas del Estado mexicano. Las conclusiones explican que dichos jóvenes están vinculándose de forma cotidiana a efectos de lo que autores han llamado necropolítica ante un sistemático juvenicidio.
Palabras clave: Juventud; violencia; guerra; muerte; poder; crimen.
Donor Macrophages Modulate Rejection After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Kopecky Benjamin J. , Dun Hao , Amrute Junedh M. , Lin Chieh-Yu , Bredemeyer Andrea L. , Terada Yuriko , Bayguinov Peter O. , Koenig Andrew L. , Frye Christian C. , Fitzpatrick James A.J. , Kreisel Daniel , Lavine Kory J.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Cellular rejection after heart transplantation imparts significant morbidity and mortality. Current immunosuppressive strategies are imperfect, target recipient T cells, and have adverse effects. The innate immune response plays an essential role in the recruitment and activation of T cells. Targeting the donor innate immune response would represent the earliest interventional opportunity within the immune response cascade. There is limited knowledge about donor immune cell types and functions in the setting of cardiac transplantation, and no current therapeutics exist for targeting these cell populations.

Methods:

Using genetic lineage tracing, cell ablation, and conditional gene deletion, we examined donor mononuclear phagocyte diversity and macrophage function during acute cellular rejection of transplanted hearts in mice. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on donor and recipient macrophages and monocytes at multiple time points after transplantation. On the basis of our imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing data, we evaluated the functional relevance of donor CCR2
+
(C-C chemokine receptor 2) and CCR2
−
macrophages using selective cell ablation strategies in donor grafts before transplant. Last, we performed functional validation that donor macrophages signal through MYD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88) to facilitate cellular rejection.

Results:

Donor macrophages persisted in the rejecting transplanted heart and coexisted with recipient monocyte-derived macrophages. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified donor CCR2
+
and CCR2
−
macrophage populations and revealed remarkable diversity among recipient monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Temporal analysis demonstrated that donor CCR2
+
and CCR2
−
macrophages were transcriptionally distinct, underwent significant morphologic changes, and displayed unique activation signatures after transplantation. Although selective depletion of donor CCR2
−
macrophages reduced allograft survival, depletion of donor CCR2
+
macrophages prolonged allograft survival. Pathway analysis revealed that donor CCR2
+
macrophages are activated through MYD88/nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells signaling. Deletion of MYD88 in donor macrophages resulted in reduced antigen-presenting cell recruitment, reduced ability of antigen-presenting cells to present antigen to T cells, decreased emergence of allograft-reactive T cells, and extended allograft survival.

Conclusions:

Distinct populations of donor and recipient macrophages coexist within the transplanted heart. Donor CCR2
+
macrophages are key mediators of allograft rejection, and deletion of MYD88 signaling in donor macrophages is sufficient to suppress rejection and extend allograft survival. This highlights the therapeutic potential of donor heart–based interventions.
Assessment of Clinical Worsening End Points as a Surrogate for Mortality in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tremblay Élodie , Gosselin Camille , Mai Vicky , Lajoie Annie C. , Kilo Roubi , Weatherald Jason , Lacasse Yves , Bonnet Sebastien , Lega Jean-Christophe , Provencher Steeve
Published: August 2022

Background:

Clinical worsening (CW) is a composite end point commonly used in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) trials. We aimed to assess the trial-level surrogacy of CW for mortality in PAH trials, and whether the various CW components were similar in terms of frequency of occurrence, treatment-related relative risk (RR) reduction, and importance to patients.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (January 1990 to December 2020) for trials evaluating the effects of PAH therapies on CW. The coefficient of determination between the RR for CW and mortality was assessed by regression analysis. The frequency of occurrence, RR reduction, and importance to patients of the CW components were assessed.

Results:

We included 35 independent cohorts (9450 patients). PAH therapies significantly reduced CW events (RR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.55–0.73]), including PAH-related hospitalizations (RR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47–0.79]), treatment escalation (RR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.38–0.84]) and symptomatic progression (RR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.48–0.69]), and modestly reduced all-cause mortality when incorporating deaths occurring after a primary CW-defining event (RR, 0.860 [95% CI, 0.742–0.997]). However, the effects of PAH-specific therapies on CW only modestly correlated with their effects on mortality (
R
2
trial
, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.10–0.59];
P
<0.0001), and the gradient in the treatment effect across component end points was large in the majority of trials. The weighted proportions of CW-defining events were hospitalization (33.5%) and symptomatic progression (32.3%), whereas death (6.7%), treatment escalation (5.6%), and transplantation/atrioseptostomy (0.2%) were infrequent. CW events were driven by the occurrence of events of major (49%) and mild-to-moderate (37%) importance to patients, with 14% of the events valued as critical.

Conclusions:

PAH therapies significantly reduced CW events, but study-level CW is not a surrogate for mortality in PAH trials. Moreover, components of CW largely vary in frequency, response to therapy, and importance to patients and are thus not interchangeable.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO
; Unique identifier: CRD42020178949.
Communication & Media Arts: Of the Humanities & the
Future
Authors: Hart Roderick P.
Published: August 2022

The field of communication was added to the menu of higher education in the early part of the twentieth century. One hundred years later, it is thriving at colleges and universities throughout the United States and gaining a foothold abroad as well. This essay recounts its growth, surveys its campus manifestations, and explores the challenges it now confronts. In a world of ever-advancing technologies, of evolving forms of online interaction, and of massive amounts of misinformation and disinformation, no citizen can ignore the changing media environment. While the communication discipline can take pride in its growth, it must also heed the demands of the Old Humanities: to sort fact from fiction, to identify cultural traditions worth honoring, to question how power is arranged and whom it serves, and to help students formulate messages for a diverse and changing world. The field of communication has many challenges before it and that is a glorious thing.
Philosophy, the Humanities & the Life of Freedom
Authors: Appiah Kwame Anthony
Published: August 2022

Humanistic disciplines have family resemblances rather than a simple shared common aim or method, and, like literal family resemblances, these have an explanation that comes from their historical relationships to one another. Philosophy, in particular, is closely connected to the sciences it has spun off over the centuries, but remains distinct from them, because normative inquiry uses methods different from those of any contemporary science. But much philosophical inquiry, like much humanistic work, is also idiographic rather than nomothetic; it focuses our attention on particular things, rather than seeking generalizations. The rewards of humanistic study are, therefore, as diverse as what we can gain from paying attention to its diverse objects of study. In ethics and political philosophy, in particular, we learn from studying particular episodes in which we discover the significance of certain values by recognizing what is wrong in societies in which they are not respected.
Hypernormal Science and its Significance
Authors: Collins Harry , Shrager Jeff , Bartlett Andrew , Conley Shannon , Hale Rachel , Evans Robert
Published: August 2022

“Hypernormal science” has minimal potential for contestation on matters of principle and practice so that information exchange can be unproblematic. Sciences comprise hypernormal domains and more contestable “normal” domains where knowledge diffusion, like acquiring linguistic fluency, depends on face-to-face interaction. Hypernormal domains belonging to molecular biology are contrasted with normal domains in gravitational wave detection physics. Sciences as a whole should not be confused with their typical domains. The analysis has immediate implications for proposed transitions out of the Covid-19 lockdown, proposed solutions to the replication crisis, and, perhaps, our understanding of the early development of social studies of science.
Uniformitarianism Re-Examined, or the Present is the Key to the Past, Except When It Isn’t (And Even Then It Kind of Is)
Authors: Dresow Max
Published: August 2022

Perhaps no term in the geological lexicon excites more passions than uniformitarianism, whose motto is “the present is the key to the past.” The term is controversial in part because it contains several meanings, which have been implicated in creating a situation of “semantic chaos” in the geological literature. Yet I argue that debates about uniformitarianism do not arise from a simple chaos of meanings. Instead, they arise from legitimate disagreements about substantive questions. This paper examines these questions and relates them to several “forms of understanding” pursued by researchers in geohistory.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Cognitive Turn in Psychology
Authors: Engelen Jan , Verhaegh Sander , Collignon Loura , Pannu Gurpreet
Published: August 2022

We analyzed co-citation patterns in 332,498 articles published in Anglophone psychology journals between 1946 and 1990 to estimate (1) when cognitive psychology first emerged as a clearly delineated subdiscipline, (2) how fast it grew, (3) to what extent it replaced other (e.g., behaviorist) approaches to psychology, (4) to what degree it was more appealing to scholars from a younger generation, and (5) whether it was more interdisciplinary than alternative traditions. We detected a major shift in the structure of co-citation networks between approximately 1955 and 1975 and draw novel conclusions about the developments commonly referred to as “the cognitive turn.”
Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
Authors: MO RAORAO , WANG GUOQUAN , YANG DING , LI WEIHAI , MURÁNYI DÁVID
Published: August 2022

Three new species of the genus Nemoura Latreille, 1796: Nemoura alticalcaneum Mo, Wang & Li, sp. n., Nemoura ganeum Mo, Yang & Li, sp. n. and Nemoura tauripitis Mo, Li & Murányi, sp. n., are described from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Eight new province records from Guangxi, two new province records from Guangdong and one new province record from Hunan are given, among them one new for China as well. The newly recorded species are depicted and complementary descriptions provided, including the first female description of seven species and first egg description of two species. The paper is completed with an updated checklist of Guangxi stoneflies, distribution of species richness across prefectural cities in Guangxi, with distribution maps for each species.
Natural History of Cystic Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Ali Noor-E-Seher , Sayyid Zahra N. , Alyono Jennifer C.
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To determine the natural history of cystic vestibular schwannomas (VS).

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort.

Setting:

Single tertiary academic hospital.

Patients:

Adults diagnosed with cystic VS who had at least 2 MRIs performed at least 6 months apart between 2008 and 2016 with no intervening treatment.

Main Outcome Measures:

Volumetric growth rates of both the entire tumor and individual cystic and solid components were measured. Linear growth rate of the entire tumor was assessed using the largest diameter parallel to the petrous face at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA).

Results:

Twenty-one patients met inclusion criteria. The average volumetric growth rate of the tumor was 1.1 ± 2 (range: −1.2 to 7.8), while the average growth rate of the cystic component was 0.8 ± 1.6 (range: −0.5 to 5.3) cm3/year. The CPA diameter of the tumor demonstrated an average linear growth rate of was 1.2 ± 4.4 (range: −8to 13.5) mm/year. With regards to tumor diameter, 9/21 (42.9%) remained stable, 3/21 (14.2%) decreased in size, while 9/21 (42.9%) increased in size.

Conclusions:

Cystic tumors demonstrate a wide variability in growth rate. Larger, multi-center studies will be required to further compare this relationship to solid tumors.
Effect of microcrystalline cellulose on the preparation and performance of rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Liu Ye , Chen Xujian , Pan Jin , Guan Yong , Anna Zheng , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang
Published: August 2022

In order to study the effect of microcrystalline cellulose on the reaction kinetics of polyurethane, in this work, the multi-scale microcrystalline cellulose was added to the foaming system of multifunctional polyether and multifunctional MDI polyurethane. While the chemical reaction was carried out, it was found through in situ FTIR combined with in situ rheological analysis that what was different from the usual inorganic fillers, the hydroxyl on the surface of the microcrystalline cellulose could preferentially react with MDI to generate urethane under the action of the catalyst. In the initial 5–6 min of the reaction, the reaction of soft segment chain growth was the main reaction. Then the main reaction quickly converted to the cross-linking reaction, which greatly increased the viscosity of the system. The addition of microcrystalline celluloses accelerated the improvement of the cross-linking degree and viscosity of the system. The higher the surface hydroxyl content of microcrystalline cellulose, the more significant this trend become. In addition, although the amount of microcrystalline cellulose added was different, the ratio of the reaction rate of the isocyanate group with the hydroxyl group and the amine group eventually tended to be constant, which indicated that there was a stable reactivity rate in the gradual addition reaction during the cross-linking reaction. Combined with SEM analysis, it was found that 25–60 μm microcrystalline cellulose with large hydroxyl content could act as a nucleating agent when the addition amount was less than 0.1%, which was beneficial to increase the cell density and reduce the pore size and improved the impact performance of the foam. The microcrystalline cellulose with a length of more than 90 μm continuously penetrated through several cell walls and destroyed integrity of the cell structure, which would consequently reduce the impact strength of the foam. This paper provided theoretical guidance for polyurethane modified by microcrystalline cellulose.
Response analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric plate resting on elastic foundation under thermo-electro environment
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Harsha Suraj P
Published: August 2022

The paper investigates the static, bending and vibration responses of the functionally graded piezoelectric plate (FGPP) resting on the two/three-parameter foundation under a thermo-electro environment. Hamilton’s principles are used with first-order shear deformation theory to obtain the governing equations. They are solved using nine noded interpolation functions with 63 degrees of freedom (DOFs) per element. It is observed that the two-parameter foundation has a shear layer dominant, and the three-parameter foundation has an additional layer of spring that plays a significant role in the static bending and vibrational behavior of the CB/UCB conditions FGPP. The applied electrical voltage and the temperature change affect the static bending, and vibrational results as the rise in temperature lead to the plate’s softening. An increase in voltage leads to a reduction in the stiffness of the plate. Also, Sg-law significantly influences the dimensionless frequency, center deflection, and axial stress compared to other laws.
Rebel Recruitment and Migration: Theory and Evidence From Southern Senegal
Authors: Schaub Max , Auer Daniel
Published: August 2022

We investigate whether the threat of recruitment by rebel groups spurs domestic and international migration. The existing literature on wartime displacement has largely focused on potential victims of violence. We argue that alongside potential victims, we should expect to see the out-migration of individuals who are attractive to the rebels as potential recruits. To test this hypothesis, we draw on original survey data collected in the context of the MFDC insurgency in southern Senegal. Causal identification stems from instrumenting recruitment threat with the density of the local forest canopy cover. Analyzing data from 3,200 respondents and over 24,000 family members, we show that individuals who fit the recruitment profiles of rebel groups are more likely to leave and be sent away by their families. Our paper contributes micro-evidence for a mechanism linking violent conflict to migration, which so far has received scant attention, and provides a deeper understanding of the composition of refugee flows.
Identifying the Impact of Incarceration on Parenting: An Examination of Incarcerated Parents' Perceptions in the “Reading for a Change” Program in Colorado
Authors: Ward Kyle C. , Shrake MacKenzie , Candelaria Rachel , Lloyd Casey , Qualkenbush Samantha
Published: August 2022

This study examines the relationship between incarcerated parents and their children. A total of 110 participants in the “Reading for a Change” program at three Colorado correctional facilities were recruited. Using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, incarcerated parents were asked about their relationships with their children and the impact incarceration has had on their families. Results indicated considerable barriers to visits, high costs of keeping in touch, significant impacts on the family at home, strained financial support, and important reported changes in children's behavior.
Teaching Statistical Literacy and Data Analysis to Students With Mathematics Difficulties
Authors: Sutherland Marah , Fainstein David , Lesner Taylor , Kimmel Georgia L. , Clarke Ben , Doabler Christian T.
Published: August 2022

Being able to understand, interpret, and critically evaluate data is necessary for all individuals in our society. Using the PreK-12 Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education-II (GAISE-II; Bargagliotti et al., 2020) curriculum framework, the current paper outlines five evidence-based recommendations that teachers can use to build understanding of statistical investigation and data analysis for students with mathematics difficulties, including: (1) Explicitly teach important vocabulary related to statistical investigation and data analysis, (2) Introduce the steps and purpose of statistical investigation, (3) Guide students through the statistical investigation process, (4) Link investigative questions to word problem types to solve, and (5) Build understanding of variability throughout.
Effects of norepinephrine infusion during cardiopulmonary bypass on perioperative changes in lactic acid level (Norcal)
Authors: Khalil Mohamed A , El Tahan Mohamed R , Khidr Alaa M , Fallatah Summayah , Abohamar Ahmad D , Amer Mahmoud M , Makhdom Fahd , El Ghoneimy Yasser , Al Bassam Bassam , Alghamdi Talal , Abdulfattah Dalia
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Hyperlactatemia, a problem reported in up to 30% of cardiac surgery patients, results from excessive production of or decreased clearance of lactate. It is typically a symptom of tissue hypoperfusion and may be associated with the prevalence of postoperative acute mesenteric ischemia and renal failure, or prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and increased 30-day mortality.

Methods and measurements

Eighty cardiac surgery patients using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly assigned into either a placebo (n = 39) or norepinephrine 0.05–0.2 µg/kg/min (n = 41) as well as norepinephrine boluses during CPB to maintain mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at 65 to 80 mm Hg. Patient assignments were done after receiving ethical approval to proceed. The primary result was the perioperative changes in lactic acid level. Secondary findings were also recorded, including hemodynamic variables, the incidence of vasoplegia, intraoperative hypotension, myocardial ischemia, the need for vasopressor support, postoperative complications, and mortality.

Results

The peak levels and perioperative changes in blood lactate during the first 24 postoperative hours, the number of patients who experienced early hyperlactatemia on admission to the ICU (Placebo: 46.2%, Norepinephrine: 51.2%, p = .650), vasoplegia, hemodynamic changes, incidences of intraoperative hypotension, myocardial ischemia, postoperative complications, and mortality rates were similar in the two groups. Patients in the norepinephrine group received lower intraoperative rescue norepinephrine boluses to maintain the target MAP (p = .039) and had higher MAP values during the CPB and intraoperative blood loss [mean difference [95% confidence interval]; 177 [20.9–334.3] ml, p = .027].

Conclusion

norepinephrine and placebo infusions during the CPB with the maintenance of MAP from 65 to 80 mmHg had comparative effects on the changes in blood lactate and incidence of vasoplegia after cardiac surgery. Norepinephrine infusion maintained higher MAP values during the CPB.
Integrating model explanations and hybrid priors into deep stacked networks for the “safe zone” prediction of acetabular cup
Authors: Han Fuchang , Liao Shenghui , Bai Sifan , Wu Renzhong , Zhang Yingqi , Hao Yongqiang
Published: August 2022

Background

Existing state-of-the-art “safe zone” prediction methods are statistics-based methods, image-matching techniques, and machine learning methods. Yet, those methods bring a tension between accuracy and interpretability.

Purpose

To explore the model explanations and estimator consensus for “safe zone” prediction.

Material and Methods

We collected the pelvic datasets from Orthopaedic Hospital, and a novel acetabular cup detection method is proposed for automatic ROI segmentation. Hybrid priors comprising both specific priors from data and general priors from experts are constructed. Specifically, specific priors are constructed based on the fine-tuned ResNet-101 convolutional neural networks (CNN) model, and general priors are constructed based on expert knowledge. Our method considers the model explanations and dynamic consensus through appending a SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) module and a dynamic estimator stacking.

Results

The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 99.40% and an area under the curve of 0.9998. Experimental results show that our model achieves superior results to the state-of-the-art conventional ensemble classifiers and deep CNN models.

Conclusion

This new screening model provides a new option for the “safe zone” prediction of acetabular cup.
Automated Video-Based Air Traffic Surveillance System for Counting General Aviation Aircraft Operations at Non-Towered Airports
Authors: Farhadmanesh Mohammad , Marković Nikola , Rashidi Abbas
Published: August 2022

The vast majority of U.S. airports are not equipped with control towers, which limits their ability to keep records of flight operations. Attempts have been made to use sensor-based technologies to count aircraft operations at non-towered airports; however, they exhibit limited accuracy. To this end, we developed an automated video-based surveillance system capable of detecting general aviation aircraft departure and landing operations, which comprise the vast majority of operations at non-towered airports. The proposed computer vision method is comprised of three modules: aircraft detection, aircraft tracking, and operations count and classification. We explored different camera layouts and state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning methods to determine the best settings to extract operations trajectory features for operations count and classification. The proposed method was tested at five non-towered airports. Integrating deep-neural-network-based aircraft detectors and image-correlation-based aircraft trackers achieved an accuracy of about 95%, while ensuring processing times that are needed for real-time implementation.
Assessing the Network-Wide Impacts of Dedicated Lanes for Connected Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Fakhrmoosavi Fatemeh , Kamjoo Ehsan , Zockaie Ali , Mittal Archak , Fishelson James
Published: August 2022

Dedicated lanes for autonomous vehicles (AV) are introduced as an effective strategy to improve mobility in mixed traffic of AVs and heterogeneous drivers. However, adding a new lane is costly, and dedicating an existing lane may increase traffic congestion in other lanes. Previous studies investigated the impacts of AV dedicated lanes on throughput at the segment level and/or assumed a fixed route choice. However, AV dedicated lanes change route choice behavior, which affects traffic distribution over the network. Therefore, this study explores the impacts of AV dedicated lanes on the traffic performance of large-scale networks by conducting a network-level cost–benefit analysis on the implementation of AV dedicated lanes under different demand and AV market penetration rate (MPR) scenarios. This study examines the impacts of implementing AV dedicated lanes to freeway links on traffic congestion at corridor and network levels. Various factors are explored: changes in aggregate flow–density relationships, throughput, and average travel times. To this end, DYNASMART-P software is updated to consider AV dedicated lanes and is used to simulate the mixed traffic. Traffic simulation analyses on the large-scale network of Chicago indicate that these impacts depend on the AV MPR, demand level, and AV dedicated lane implementation approach. Dedicated lanes for AVs are beneficial for a high demand level scenario at all AV MPRs. However, for the base demand scenario, (760,000 vehicles during a.m. peak), deploying such lanes is only justified for low AV MPRs. Furthermore, the impacts of AV dedicated lanes on traffic at the network level are different from those on single segments.
Linking Poverty-Based Inequalities with Transportation and Accessibility Using Mobility Data: A Case Study of Greater Maputo
Authors: Mittal Shagun , Yabe Takahiro , Arroyo Arroyo Fatima , Ukkusuri Satish
Published: August 2022

Accessibility is widely considered as the most crucial benefit of any transportation system. Low accessibility may cause compromise on living conditions, low economic growth, high unemployment, social seclusion, and long-term social inequalities. In developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, surveys fail to keep up with the pace of rapid urbanization. Additionally, numerous location-based data sets, including mobile phone location data and Google Maps travel time, enable near-real-time observations of actively changing mobility dynamics. In this study, we use these novel data sets to assess various facets of accessibility and corresponding poverty-based inequalities within the Greater Maputo region in Mozambique. A data-based approach is seldom used in the Sub-Saharan African context. Consistent poverty-based inequalities in access to opportunities by driving, transit, and walking are observed. The transit system was ascertained to be more inefficient in the poorer regions. The richer regions witnessed most decreased access to opportunities because of high congestion. People living in the poorest regions were observed to travel much longer distances to access facilities than did those living in the richest regions. These differences were particularly significant for essential services of education, healthcare, and employment. These results can help urban planners and policymakers identify disadvantaged communities and develop policies to ameliorate the conditions. This assists in measuring the progress of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and investigating areas of concern. Moreover, this study shows the applicability of various data sets and methods in a data-deprived scenario in Africa, and motivates more scholars and practitioners to partake in this technology leapfrogging.
The application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for detection of pathogens from dialysis effluent in peritoneal dialysis–associated peritonitis
Authors: Ye Peiyi , Xie Chao , Wu Cuixia , Yu Cuiyan , Chen Yuhe , Liang Zijie , Chen Youyuan , Chen Qiyan , Kong Yaozhong
Published: August 2022

Background:

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can improve pathogen identification in infectious diseases.

Methods:

A prospective parallel control study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical significance of mNGS in identifying pathogens in dialysis effluent of patients with peritoneal dialysis–associated peritonitis (peritonitis). Dialysis effluent specimens were detected both by peritoneal dialysis effluent culture and mNGS. The positive rates and coincidence rates of the two methods were compared.

Results:

From April 2020 to March 2021, 30 patients presenting with peritonitis were enrolled in this study. The positive pathogen detection rate of mNGS was significantly higher than that of the traditional culture method (86.67% vs. 60.00%; p = 0.039). Fifteen specimens were positive for both of the methods, while 11 specimens were negative for culture but positive for mNGS. Three specimens were positive for culture but negative for mNGS; all of them were streptococcus mitis. One specimen was negative for both methods. The culture method detected one type of pathogen in all specimens; however, two or more types of pathogens were detected in eight specimens by mNGS. In addition to common pathogens, additional pathogens detected by mNGS included Coxiella burnetii, human herpesvirus type 5, human herpesvirus type 6B and Mortierella.

Conclusion:

The pathogen detection rate of mNGS in dialysis effluent of peritonitis patients was significantly higher than that of traditional culture. The mNGS is advantageous in diagnosing the pathogens that are difficult to be cultured. However, mNGS did not demonstrate sensitivity to streptococcus mitis. Results from this study show that mNGS, combined with traditional culture, has potential application for detecting pathogens in peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis.
Performance evaluation of façade mounted photovoltaic integrated air chamber assisted by heat pump
Authors: Riaz Ahmad , Zhou Chao , Mubin Sajjad , Ali Farhan , Pie Basalike , Liang Ruobing , Wang Peng , Zhang Jili
Published: August 2022

Photovoltaic thermal heat pumps are conducive to the environment and have drawn much attention due to their great potential in buildings for energy generation and saving of land. This paper puts forward the façade-mounted photovoltaic integrating air chamber cooled by refrigerant-based heat pump. The integrated photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) on the building facade is not only thermally efficient but also results in ambient fresh air cooling, hot water, and electricity production. This paper investigated the performance of façade mounted photovoltaic integrating air chamber by heat pump, which results in a multi-energy generation. The working mode and description of the façade-mounted photovoltaic integrated air chamber by heat pump during summer are presented. Finally, the system performance was analyzed underexposed weather conditions for electrical performance, hot water production, and cooling of hot fresh air. It was found that the average and minimum temperatures of the cooling air through the air chamber reached 21.7 °C and 15 °C, respectively. The average electrical, thermal, and overall efficiencies of the façade-mounted photovoltaic thermal system were 8%, 77.6%, and 98%, respectively. The average coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump during water heating was 4.41.
Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus 2 from 2014, 2019, and 2021 shows CPV2 circulating and CPV2c increasing in Yanbian, China
Authors: Ma Haoyuan , Gao Xu , Fu Jingfeng , Xue Haowen , Zhu Kunru , Mu Biying , Song Yanhao , Dong Peng , Wang Zhenliang
Published: August 2022

Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV2) causes one of the most serious canine viral infections, with high mortality in young dogs. In 2014, 2019, and 2021, we determined genetic sequences of CPV2 strains obtained from 39 fecal samples collected from the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in the Jilin Province of China. Sequence alignments were performed using the major capsid protein ( VP2) gene; protein sequences of these samples had high nucleotide (>97.4%) and amino acid (>95.6%) identity. All of the amino acid sequences contained Ser297Ala and Tyr324Ile mutations. Our survey indicated a high prevalence of CPV2 variants in Yanbian Prefecture, with the new CPV2a variant (26 of 39; 67%) being the most frequent. CPV2c, identified in 9 of 39 (23%) samples, had not been detected in this region previously, indicating the potential risk of CPV2 mutation. The sequences of our 39 CPV2 samples were more highly homologous to the published Chinese strains than to the CPV2 variant strains found in other countries.
Should Psychotic Experience Contraindicate Organ Transplant? A Narrative Review
Authors: McCulloch Anna , O’Leary Catherine
Published: August 2022

The scarcity of organs for transplant and significant rates of organ transplantation failure mean it is important to identify factors relating to transplant success and failure. Experiencing psychosis or mania is often seen as a contraindication for transplant, and many transplant teams have been cautious at transplanting people with significant mental health difficulties. In this paper we explore whether there is any evidence to support this attitude towards psychiatric diagnosis and transplantation; consider modifiable risks to transplantation; and ask what is needed to provide equitable care for individuals with experience of psychosis. To place context to our discussion, we present the experience of a person who had a history of psychotic experience and who was assessed for double lung transplant.
Rate of Inpatient Hypoglycemia Following a 1:1 Dose Interchange Between Concentrated Insulin Glargine to Insulin Detemir
Authors: Wulfe S. D. , Janzen K. M. , Addison J. , Kelley D.
Published: August 2022

Background

Insulin remains a mainstay of treating hyperglycemia in an acute setting. Insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Toujeo, iGlar300) has a different pharmacokinetic profile than 100 units/mL basal insulins, such as insulin detemir (iDet100) and iGlar100. While conversion from iGlar300 to iGlar100 requires a 20% dose decrease, there is currently no recommended interchange from iGlar300 to iDet100.

Objective

Compare the incidence of hypoglycemia in patients who received a 1:1 unit interchange from home iGlar300 or iGlar100 to iDet100 while admitted.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate adults within a multi-site network admitted between May and December 2019. Patients were included if they received at least one dose of iDet100 following interchange from home iGlar300 or iGlar100. The primary endpoint was the incidence of hypoglycemic events following a 1:1 interchange of iGlar300 vs. iGlar100 to inpatient iDet100. Secondary outcomes include overall hypoglycemic events, time to hypoglycemia, and doses given before hypoglycemia.

Results

Of 615 patients, 394 received a 1:1 unit interchange to iDet100 (52 from iGlar300 and 342 from iGlar100). Incidence of hypoglycemic events was significantly higher in those with a 1:1 interchange from iGlar300 versus iGlar100 (36.5% vs. 18.7%, p = 0.007). Significant differences were observed in overall hypoglycemic events, time to hypoglycemia, and number of doses given before hypoglycemic event.

Conclusion and Relevance

A 1:1 unit interchange from iGlar300 to iDet100 led to a higher incidence of hypoglycemic events compared to those interchanged from iGlar100. Dose reduction should be considered when transitioning from home iGlar300 to iDet100 in the inpatient setting.
Draping in Dermatology: A Patient’s Perspective
Authors: Cyr Janelle , Choi Bohmyi , Melkis Justina , Gresham Louise , Huang Christina M. , Beecker Jennifer
Published: August 2022

Background/Objectives

Patient dignity is a core component of the Canadian health care system; however, there may be challenges to maintaining patient dignity in clinical settings requiring total body skin examination (TBSE) for adequate assessment and diagnosis. As standardized TBSE draping practices have not been investigated in a dermatology setting, we sought out to investigate subjective patient experiences of draping practices.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed using a paper survey in dermatology hospital clinics over a 6-month period to 150 patients.

Results

Draping was considered important by over 50% of patients surveyed (54.7%). Respondents who indicated that draping impacted their comfort level “a lot” or “very much” had a mean age of 52 and were more likely to be females ( P < .05). Females were also more likely to answer that their body weight/shape ( P < .05), physician of same ( P < .01) or opposite sex ( P < .001), and the degree of privacy offered by drapes ( P < .001) impacted their comfort level when undressing for a TBSE. Respondents who reported that any assessed factor impacted their comfort during a TBSE were also younger ( P < .05), suggesting that younger and female patients were more likely to have comfort concerns than males.

Conclusions

Our study confirmed that most patients surveyed considered draping to be important. Our findings highlight the importance of adequate draping practices to maintain patient privacy and dignity for all patients, with special attention to younger female patients to ensure they feel as comfortable as possible. Future research should focus on how these identified patient comfort factors can be implemented into medical education.