bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant potential and physicochemical properties of protein hydrolysates from body parts of North Atlantic sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa)
Authors: Senadheera Tharindu R. L. , Dave Deepika , Shahidi Fereidoon
Published: February 2021

Protein hydrolysates were prepared from North Atlantic sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) body wall (BW), and processing by-product flower (FL) and internal organs (IN). Sea cucumber proteins from these three tissues were hydrolysed with selected endopeptidases and exopeptidases. The enzymes used were Alcalase (A), and Corolase (C) as endopeptidases and Flavourzyme (F) with both endo- and exopeptidase functions. These were employed individually or in combination under controlled conditions. The hydrolysates so prepared were subsequently analysed for their antioxidant potential and functionalities in food systems for the first time. Hydrolysates treated with the combination of A and F exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals. The highest metal chelation activity was observed for samples hydrolysed with the combination of enzymes (C + F and A + F). All treatments inhibited beta-carotene bleaching in an oil-in-water emulsion and TBARS production in a meat model system. In addition, sea cucumber protein hydrolysates were more than 75% soluble over a pH range of 2–12. Hydrolysed proteins were also effective in enhancing water holding capacity in a meat model system compared to their untreated counterparts. The amino acids of sea cucumber protein hydrolysates had desirable profiles with glutamic acid as the predominant component in samples analysed. These findings demonstrate the desirable functionalities of hydrolysates from North Atlantic sea cucumber and their potential for use as functional food ingredients.

Graphical abstract
New directions for reinforced concrete coastal structures
Authors: Nolan Steven , Rossini Marco , Knight Chase , Nanni Antonio
Published: February 2021

Within the last century, coastal structures for infrastructure applications have traditionally been constructed with timber, structural steel, and/or steel-reinforced/prestressed concrete. Given asset owners’ desires for increased service-life; reduced maintenance, repair and rehabilitation; liability; resilience; and sustainability, it has become clear that traditional construction materials cannot reliably meet these challenges without periodic and costly intervention. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have been successfully utilized for durable bridge applications for several decades, demonstrating their ability to provide reduced maintenance costs, extend service life, and significantly increase design durability. This paper explores a representative sample of these applications, related specifically to internal reinforcement for concrete structures in both passive (RC) and pre-tensioned (PC) applications, and contrasts them with the time-dependent effect and cost of corrosion in transportation infrastructure. Recent development of authoritative design guidelines within the US and international engineering communities is summarized and a examples of RC/PC verses FRP-RC/PC presented to show the sustainable (economic and environmental) advantage of composite structures in the coastal environment.
Homeostatic Regulation of Estrus Cycle of Young Female Mice on Western Diet
Authors: Lenert Melissa E , Chaparro Micaela M , Burton Michael D
Published: February 2021

The etiology of reproductive disorders correlates with weight gain in patients, but the link between reproduction, diet, and weight has been difficult to translate in rodents. As rates of childhood obesity and reproductive disorders increase, the need to study the effects of weight and diet on adolescent females is key. Previous studies show that female mice are resistant to high-fat diet–induced weight gain, but the mechanisms are unclear. Literature also suggests that ovarian function is essential to resistance in weight gain, as an ovariectomy leads to a weight-gaining phenotype similar to male mice on a high-fat diet. However, reproductive changes that occur in adolescent mice on high-fat diet have not been assessed. Here, we show that regulation of the estrus cycle via progesterone is critical to metabolic homeostasis in female mice on a high-fat diet. Female mice were put on high-fat diet or control diet for 12 weeks starting at 4 weeks of age. Every 4 weeks, their estrus cycle was tracked and fasting glucose was measured. We found that after 4 weeks on high-fat diet, there was no difference in weight between groups, but an increase in time spent in proestrus and estrus in mice on high-fat diet and an increase in serum progesterone during proestrus. These results show that intact females modulate their estrus cycle in response to a high-fat diet as a mechanism of homeostatic regulation of body weight, protecting them from metabolic abnormalities. Understanding the mechanisms behind this protection may yield therapeutic opportunities for treatment of reproductive disorders in adolescent female patients.
Familial Dysalbuminemic Hyperthyroxinemia as a Cause for Discordant Thyroid Function Tests
Authors: Ting Matthew J M , Zhang Rui , Lim Ee Mun , Ward Bryan K , Wilson Scott G , Walsh John P
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Discordant thyroid function tests are routinely encountered in clinical practice. Differential diagnoses include acute thyroxine (T4) ingestion, laboratory interference from heterophilic antibodies, thyroid hormone resistance, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenomas, and T4 protein binding abnormalities. The impact of abnormal binding proteins may be less recognized since widespread use of free T4 (FT4) assays compared to older total T4 assays.

Case report

A 69-year-old female was referred for assessment of discordant thyroid function tests. Biochemistry since July 2015 showed persistently elevated FT4 levels by immunoassay ranging between 25 to 34 pmol/L with normal or slightly decreased TSH ranging between 0.05 to 2.74 mU/L. The patient was clinically euthyroid on 100 mcg daily of levothyroxine for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. FT4 measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was 19.5 pmol/L. Exome sequencing (confirmed by Sanger sequencing) detected a guanine to adenine substitution at residue 725 of the ALB gene previously associated with dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. The patient’s daughter had similar thyroid function tests and the same genetic variant. FT4 results from 3 different automated immunoassays showed the Roche Cobas and Siemens Centaur platforms to be most affected by the variant, and Abbott Architect had the best agreement with LC-MS/MS.

Conclusion

Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia is a potential cause of discordant thyroid function tests. Clinicians suspecting protein-binding abnormalities may further investigate using reference methods such as LC-MS/MS and equilibrium dialysis if available. The increasing accessibility of exome sequencing offers a cost-effective method of diagnosing genetic variants that cause discordant thyroid function tests.
Comparison of hematological and biochemical profile between Podolian grey steppe and Holstein cows
Authors: MLADENOVIC V. , MARIC M. , KÖNYVES T. , STOJSIN M. , ĐORDEVIC S. , PUVACA N. , HALÁSZ A. , PAPADOPOULOS E.
Published: February 2021

This research aimed to investigate the influence of different age of Podolian grey steppe and Holstein Friesian cows, as well as the effects of different breeds on their hematological and biochemical blood profile. A total of 128 adult cows aged from 3 to 12 years were used in the study. Gained results show statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) regarding all hematological parameters. The concentration of NE was recorded in the optimal range for Podolian grey steppe cows, while for Holstein Friesian breed was elevated.Values for LY was in the optimal range, while the values for MO, EO, and BA were slightly higher for both breeds of cow in all groups, with recorded significant differences (P < 0.05).Count of RBC in the Podolian grey steppe breed ranged between 5.83 and 11.21×1012/L, with significant influence (P < 0.05) of cows age in obtained values. In contrast, Holstein Friesian cows breed recorded RBC values lover then optimal, without any significant difference (P > 0.05) related to the age of cows. Total protein has ranged between 7.10 and 8.50 g/dl (Podolian grey steppe), and 8.13 to 8.48 g/dl (Holstein Friesian), without recorded statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the age, breed as well as the interaction of age and breed. Asimilar tendency can be seen regarding the otherbiochemical values (P>0.05), respectively.Gain results have mainly shown a significant influence of breed on the parameters above, while the significant influence of age of cows was not present as well the interaction between age and breed.
Class1-3 integrons and antimicrobial resistance profile in Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler chicken in Western Iran
Authors: NEMATI F. , AHMADI E.
Published: February 2021

Salmonella spp. are major etiologies of food-borne infections that are disseminated primarily through poultry to human. Nowadays, the high rate of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, worse the threat imposed to the public health. Integrons are attributed as important contributors to MDR isolates. The present research aimed to identify the frequency of integrons 1-3 and the antimicrobial resistance patterns in Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler chicken in Western Iran. A total of 500 fecal samples were screened for Salmonella phenotypically. The isolates were confirmed genotypically and the frequency of integrons 1-3 was evaluated molecularly among the isolates. Besides, the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was determined through the agar disk diffusion method. In general, 67 (13.4%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered phenotypically, all of which were confirmed molecularly. The incidence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons was 40.29% (27 isolates), 28.35% (19 isolates), and 11.94% (eight isolates), respectively. Coexistence of integrons was also detected in 26.86% of the isolates including class 1+2 (13 isolates, 40.62%), class 1+3 (2 isolates, 6.25%), and class 1+2+3 (3 isolates, 9.37%). No statistical association was detected between the frequencies of Salmonella spp. or Salmonella-bearing integron isolates with age, season, and location. The most frequent antimicrobial resistance was exhibited to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, and tetracycline; while ciproﬂoxacin, gentamicin, and ceftazidime were the most effective drugs. 35.82% of the isolates were MDR, all of which harbored at least one class of integrons. Statistical assessment represented an association between the prevalence of integrons and tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and ceftazidime resistance rates. An alarming rate of integrons and MDR frequency among poultry-originated Salmonella spp. in the studied region demands the constant stewardship and prudent prescription and use of antibiotics to prevent human infections and preserve the effectiveness of those antibiotics in treating human salmonellosis.
Paraoxonase activity assessment in dogs suffering from Parvovirus infection
Authors: SALARPOUR R. , AHMADMAHMUDI M. ZAMANI , REZAEI M. , ESKANDARZADE N.
Published: February 2021

Canine Parvovirus enteritis is one of the most common causes of diarrhea and death in dogs younger than 6 months of age. Clinical gastroenteritis in parvo-positive dogs is associated with increased levels of lipid peroxides and alteration in antioxidant enzymes. Paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 is considered as an antioxidant enzyme and acute phase protein in laboratory animals and human. The present study evaluated paraoxonase activity in 27 dogs suffering from Parvovirus infection and compared with 9 normal dogs. Blood samples were taken from all of the dogs and were sent to the laboratory for complete cell blood count and also biochemical factors assessment (paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 activity, liver, kidney and metabolic profiles). Infected dogs significantly showed decrease in paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 enzyme activity, an increase number of neutrophils and lymphopenia compared with parvo-negative dogs. Significant decrease in the enzyme activity was also observed in dogs with neutropenia or leukocytosis when compared to control group. It seems that in dogs paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 enzyme activity is decreased as a part of acute phase response in Parvovirus infection.
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in stray dogs in Chalkidiki, Northern Greece
Authors: LEFKADITIS M. , SPANOUDIS K. , TSAKIROGLOU M. , PANORIAS A. , SOSSIDOU A.
Published: February 2021

Despite the importance of N. caninum in veterinary medicine, knowledge on the prevalence of this parasitosis in dogs is limited in some countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of N. caninum infection in stray dogs in Chalkidiki, Northern Greece. This prospective study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 in stray dogs aged ≥6 months old. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture before the female and male dogs underwent the spay and castration procedures, respectively. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to screen dogs for the presence of IgG antibodies against N. caninum. Of 511 dogs included in this study, 39 (7.63%) were positive for IgG antibodies against N. caninum. Of all the dogs, 221 were males and 290 females, with positive results for IgG antibodies found in 16 (7.24%) males and 23 (7.93%) females. Preventive measures should be developed and implemented to break the domestic cycle between dogs and bovine. We want to highlight the importance of regional reporting of N. caninum infection prevalence in dogs and control measures by veterinarians and veterinary authorities to farmers and public, in order to avoid this disease’s spread.
Effects of wild type lactic acid bacteria on histamine and tyramine formation in sucuk
Authors: DOĞAN Y. N. , LENGER Ö. F. , DÜZ M. , DOĞAN I. , GÜRLER Z.
Published: February 2021

Biogenic amines (BAs) are formed by the decarboxylation of amino acids in fermented products and accumulate in these products due to the fermentation conditions, the natural microflora of the product, and the diversity of amino acids. Although they are inhibited by the human body, they are a hazard to public health. Starter cultures used in fermented sucuk should not have amino acid decarboxylase properties. The aim of the present study was to determine proteolytic activity, histidine and tyrosine decarboxylase enzyme activities of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sake, and Lactobacillus curvatus species and to evaluate the level of BA in sucuk groups containing these lactic acid bacteria (LAB). It was determined that none of the LAB generated these activities. While histamine values were not statistically significant in the sucuk groups (P> 0.05), tyramine values showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The tyramine values of GI ( = 1.43 ± 0.75) and GIII ( = 2.73 ± 1.02) groups were lower than C ( = 8.97 ± 5.29) and GII ( = 7.58 ± 2.90) groups. According to the results of the study, L. plantarum or L. curvatus can provide more reliable fermented products with respect to tyramine formation. L. plantarum, L. sake, and L. curvatus could reduce histamine and tyramine formation in fermented sucuk.
Quality improvement of saliva by chewing tapioca pearls in bubble tea drinks: a randomized experimental trial
Authors: Handajani Juni , Kusumajati Dinda , Fathiyah Hania , Susilowati Heni , Tandelilin Regina T.C.
Published: February 2021

Background: Bubble tea drinks contain tea and tapioca pearls. Chewing tapioca pearls in bubble tea drinks may increase salivary components. Because of its proteins, inorganic components, and enzymes, saliva plays an important role in the body’s defense against bacteria and viruses. This study aims to analyze the effect of chewing tapioca pearls in bubble tea drinks on salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) and calcium (Ca) levels.

Methods: The inclusion criterion was 18–25 years of age. The exclusion criteria were receiving medication, using dentures, a history of dry mouth, smoking and systemic disease. In the first week of the experiment, subjects drank bubble tea with tapioca pearls for three days (intervention week). In the second week, the same subjects drank tea without pearls for three days (control week). Each subject drank the bubble tea for 5 minutes per day over 3 days. Saliva samples were collected on the first day before bubble tea consumption (pretest) and on the third day after tea consumption (posttest). Saliva collection was performed in the morning (09:00 am–12:00 pm) for 1 minute. Sixty saliva samples were collected from 15 subjects. Salivary CRP levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit, and Ca levels were determined using semi-quantitative test strips.

Results: Salivary CRP decreased significantly on the third day in the intervention group but showed no significant difference with the control group. Calcium levels increased significantly on the third day in both groups.

Conclusion: Bubble tea drinks could improve the quality of saliva by decreasing salivary CRP and increasing Ca levels.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04670341 (17th December 2020).
Case Report: Diagnostic challenge of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA)
Authors: Albasata Hanan , Alamri Maha M. , Almuhaidb Saud A. , Aljebreen Abdullah M. , Almaghrabia Reem S.
Published: February 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Severe COVID-19 is represented with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that requires mechanical ventilation. Moreover, recent studies are reporting invasive fungal infection associated with severe COVID-19. It is unclear whether the prescription of immunotherapies such as corticosteroids, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection itself is risk factor for COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Hence, fungal infections present an additional uncertainty in managing COVID-19 patients and further compromise the outcome.

Case study: Here we report a case of SARS-CoV-2 complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a patient with no traditional risk factors for IPA. Admitted to ICU due to ARDS on mechanical ventilation, the patient deteriorated clinically with unexplained increased of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) requirement from 50% to 80%. Investigations showed borderline serum galactomannan, nonspecific radiological findings reported to be atypical for COVID-19, and the respiratory sample grew Aspergillus spp.

Main diagnosis: COVID-19 related fungal infection. The patient was treated with antifungal therapy for four weeks. He improved clinically after one week of starting antimicrobial treatment. After a prolonged ICU stay (87 days) due to infection control precaution, he was discharged from the ICU and moved to a long-term facility for further management and support.

Conclusions: This case highlights the diagnostic challenge in such cases. and the importance of early recognition of CAPA which can optimize therapy by administration of appropriate antifungal agents that may impact mortality.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ТИПЫ АББРЕВИАЦИЙ В КИТАЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Kachalova Kristina Gennadevna , Rudometova Anastasia Yurevna , Kapitonova Nina Sergeevna
Published: February 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются основные типы аббревиации в китайском языке, особенности их образования и тенденции их использования. В статье уделяется внимание различиям китайской разговорной и письменной речи, а также влиянию подобных различий на возникновение аббревиации в китайском языке. Рассматривается влияние закона речевой экономии на образование усеченных форм.Цель статьи рассмотреть основные типы аббревиации, охарактеризовать их и выявить способы их образования. Материалом исследования послужили примеры усеченных языковых единиц, используемых в современном китайском языке в различных ситуациях речевого общения. Теоретической базой послужили труды таких ученых как Ли Сяогэ, Д.Н. Ушакова, Н.Ю. Шведова и другие.Метод или методология проведения работы. Методом исследования является метод сплошной выборки. Научная новизна статьи состоит в том, что проблематика появления аббревиатур в китайском языке мало изучена.Область применения результатов. Практическая значимость статьи заключается в том, что данный материал можно использовать на практических занятиях по письменному и устному переводу по китайскому языку, а также для более углубленного изучения современного китайского языка.Результаты. В результате выявлены не только общие закономерности аббревиации, но и свойственные именно китайскому языку специфичные способы образования усечения слов.
ДИСКУРС МЮЗИКЛА: ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ И ХАРАКТЕРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ
Authors: Manik Svetlana Andreevna , Grigoryan Ashot Aramovich
Published: February 2021

Цель. Статья посвящена малоизученному вопросу определения и описания характерных особенностей дискурса мюзикла. Предметом исследования выступают известные американские мюзиклы 70-х гг. XX в. «Jesus Christ Superstar» (1970) и «Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street» (1979). Авторы ставят целью раскрыть и проиллюстрировать специфические черты дискурса мюзикла, выделить его в качестве отдельного вида музыкального и театрального дискурса.Методология проведения работы. Обозначив предпосылки появления жанра «мюзикл», авторы выделяют ключевые аспекты музыкального и театрального дискурса, предлагают определение дискурса мюзикла и описывают его основные характеристики на материале двух американских мюзиклов разных тематик и жанров.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы предлагают определение дискурса мюзикла и выделяют его характерные особенности (сочетание разных жанров театрального искусства в рамках одного мюзикла, жанровое разнообразие, специфика цели, лингвистические характеристики, роль экстралингвистических факторов, экспрессивность и образность, условность, связность и цельность, интертекстуальность и интермедиальность, незавершенность и т.п.).Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере дискурсных исследований, а также на практических занятиях по анализу текста и семинарах по литературоведению.
ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ МОЛЧАНИЯ В АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОМ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОМ ОБЩЕНИИ
Authors: Nosova Oxana Evgenyevna
Published: February 2021

Цель представленной работы состоит в выявлении культурно обусловленных способов восприятия и передачи информации посредством молчания в процессе институционального общения.Актуальность исследования продиктована потребностью дальнейшего изучения особенностей декодирования культурной информации, транслируемой невербальными средствами коммуникации.Методами лингвистического анализа послужили прагматический, контекстуальный, дискурсивный анализ, а также лексико-семантический анализ.Результаты работы заключаются в том, что в институциональном общении в типизированных ситуациях молчание, с одной стороны, соотносится с такими доминантами, как принципы вежливости и строгая регламентация общения. С другой стороны, в рамках конвенционального общения молчание выступает как амбивалентный знак, соотносимый с такой ценностной доминантой как дистанцированность, либо этот знак несет конфронтационный потенциал.Область применения результатов. Результаты работы могут быть использованы в преподавании теории коммуникации, невербальной семиотики, курсов и факультативов по лингвокультурологии.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИНТЕРНЕТ-ЛЕКСИКИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО КИТАЙСКОГО И АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ
Authors: Volokonskaya Anastasia Sergeevna , Rudometova Anastasia Urevna , Kapitonova Nina Sergeevna
Published: February 2021

В данной статье проводится сравнительный анализ основных моделей сокращений в китайском и английском интернет-сленге, а также особенностей их возникновения, выявляются сходства и различия выражений двух языков по типам сокращений, частоте и ситуациям их использования.Цель статьи состоит в рассмотрении лексических единиц двух языков, выявлении схожих случаев использования сленговых выражений и анализе различия в их использовании в культурологическом, семантическом и фразеологическом аспектах.Метод или методология проведения работы. В исследовании применялись традиционные для лингвистического исследования методы сплошной выборки, компонентного анализа и фразеологического анализа. Научная новизна статьи состоит в том, что проблематика использования интернет-лексики в китайском и английском языках недостаточно изучена.Результаты. В результате выявлены не только общие закономерности возникновения и использования лексических единиц в китайском и английском интернет-сленге, но и специфические особенности их употребления в каждом из языков.Область применения результатов. Данный материал можно использовать на практических занятиях китайского и английского языков по письменному переводу, а также для более углубленного изучения современного китайского и английского языков.
ПОВТОР КАК ОДНО ИЗ СРЕДСТВ ВЫРАЗИТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ЯЗЫКЕ НЕМЕЦКОЙ ПОЭЗИИ
Authors: Chaiko Natalja Nikolaevna
Published: February 2021

Цель. Настоящая статья посвящена повтору как значимому элементу языкового оформления текстов немецких романтиков. Автор ставит целью описать разноструктурное проявление повтора и раскрыть его стилистический потенциал.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют метод сплошной выборки при подборе практического материала, а также описательный метод лингвостилистического анализа.Результаты. Проведенный анализ показал, что для поэтического языка немецких романтиков характерно частотное употребление повтора. Повтор как лексический, так и синтаксический, становиться одним из излюбленных приемов языковой организации, мощным средством выразительности и стилистического выделения, а также значимым элементом композиционного построения лирического текста.Область применения. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в курсах «Стилистика немецкого языка», «Интерпретация текста» в семинарах по изучению особенностей языка немецкой поэзии.
СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕРМИНОПОЛЯ «ВЗЛОМ» В СФЕРЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ И ИТАЛЬЯНСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ (СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ)
Authors: Dolgonovskaya Lilia Yakovlevna , Novikova Irina Nikolaevna
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена структурному анализу терминополя «взлом» в сфере информационной безопасности в английском и итальянском языках. Цель исследования: описать, сравнить основные структурные особенности изучаемых терминологических единиц и выявить наиболее продуктивные модели.Методы исследования. Исследуемые терминологические единицы были определены методом сплошной выборки из научных журналов по информационной безопасности. Для процедуры анализа вышеуказанных единиц в качестве основного был выбран структурный метод.Результаты исследования. Сопоставительный анализ структурных элементов терминополя «взлом» в сфере информационной безопасности в английском и итальянском языках показал, что наиболее продуктивные модели в английском языке представлены атрибутивными словосочетаниями, а в итальянском языке отмечается широкое использование предлогов для построения многословных терминов. В структурных моделях английских терминов преобладает препозиция прилагательного по отношению к существительному, для итальянского, напротив, характерна постпозиция прилагательного.Практическое применение результатов. Результаты исследования могут использоваться при чтении курсов лекций по лексикологии английского и итальянского языков.
On Statistics and Analysis of the Activities of Individual Auditors
Authors: Guttsayt E. , Mar'yasin Anton
Published: February 2021

In the article, based on the construction of dynamic series of the main indicators of the activity of individual auditors in recent years, the situation in the sector of the audit services market associated with these auditors is investigated. It is shown that the volume of services rendered by individual auditors in comparable prices in recent years does not have a clear trend, while in the entire market it is significantly decreasing. Several situations illustrate how an analysis of the performance of individual auditors in relation to the entire audit market can provide important information about the functioning of this market.
Methodological Aspects of IT Audit As a Tool for Improving the Eff ectiveness of Internal Control
Authors: Kyevorkova ZHanna
Published: February 2021

Th e article reveals the methodological aspects and key issues of data audit, tracked directly by programs using information technologies, the soft ware of which allows you to automate the organizational activities of an economic entity for the development of various business processes. Th e article reveals the author’s position of the practice of applying the results of IT audit and its directions at each stage of the audit, taking into account the audit procedures carried out, modern information technologies that allow internal control to work more eff ectively, analyze the functioning of IT audit, changes in the organization and develop scientifi cally based tools that allow IT audit to be rebuilt in accordance with changes in the situation in the activities of economic entities.
Russia’s Budget for the Triennium 2021–2023: Main Goals and Problems
Authors: Smirnov I.
Published: February 2021

Adopting the federal budget for 2021 and for the planning period of 2022 and 2023, the Russian Parliament was guided, fi rst of all, by the goal of ensuring stable socio-economic development of the country in the face of emerging negative problems in the world market.
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics during COVID-19
Authors: Schnitzer Kristina , MacLaurin Sarah , Freudenreich Oliver
Published: February 2021

How to determine if your patient should continue an LAI, and how to do so safely
Operations Research Improves Biomanufacturing Efficiency at MSD Animal Health
Authors: Martagan Tugce , Koca Yesim , Adan Ivo , van Ravenstein Bram , Baaijens Marc , Repping Oscar
Published: February 2021

Biomanufacturing methods use living organisms (i.e., viruses and bacteria) to generate active ingredients, and this leads to challenges that are different from those incurred by other industries. For example, biomanufacturers often deal with high levels of uncertainty and batch-to-batch variability in production yield, lead times, and costs. Biosafety requirements impose constraints, such as a no-wait requirement throughout the production process. In addition, biomanufacturing operations are cost and labor intensive and involve high risks of failure. To address these challenges, a multidisciplinary team of researchers collaborated over three years to develop a portfolio of optimization models and decision support tools. These tools were aimed at improving biomanufacturing efficiency using a variety of operations research methodologies, including stochastic optimization, Bayesian design of experiments, and simulation optimization. The developed models link the underlying biology and chemistry of biomanufacturing processes with financial trade-offs and business risks. The research has been conducted in close collaboration with MSD Animal Health in Boxmeer, Netherlands. Industry implementation at MSD AH had a significant impact, with up to 50% increase in batch yield and an additional revenue of €50 million per year. The application of operations research is very new to the biomanufacturing industry. As more companies such as MSD AH embrace operations research, we believe that this will significantly help the industry provide faster and more affordable access to new treatments.
Supporting patients during COVID-19
Authors: Isaac Linzi
Published: February 2021

Linzi Isaac reflects on the challenges that COVID-19 has bought to people with kidney disease and how Kidney Care UK has been able to support them
PROMIS Paediatric Mobility tool is correlated with accelerometer-measured physical activity in children with hip diseases
Authors: Leo Donato Giuseppe , Perry Daniel C. , Abdullah Badr , Jones Helen
Published: February 2021

Aims

The reduction in mobility due to hip diseases in children is likely to affect their physical activity (PA) levels. Physical inactivity negatively influences quality of life and health. Our aim was to objectively measure PA in children with hip disease, and correlate it with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Mobility Score.

Methods

A total of 28 children (12 boys and 16 girls) with hip disease aged between 8and 17 years (mean 12 (SD 3)) were studied between December 2018 and July 2019. Children completed the PROMIS Paediatric Item Bank v. 2.0 – Mobility Short Form 8a and wore a hip accelerometer (ActiGraph) for seven consecutive days. Sedentary time (ST), light PA (LPA), moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and vigorous PA were calculated from the accelerometers' data. The PROMIS Mobility score was classified as normal, mild, and moderate functions, based on the PROMIS cut scores on the physical function metric. A one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess differences among mobility (normal; mild; moderate) and measured PA and relationships between these variables were assessed using bivariate Pearson correlations.

Results

Children classified as normally functioning on the PROMIS had less ST (p = 0.002), higher MVPA, (p = 0.002) and VPA (p = 0.004) compared to those classified as mild or moderate function. A moderate correlation was evident between the overall PROMIS score and daily LPA ( r = 0.462, n = 28; p = 0.013), moderate-to-vigorous PA ( r = 0.689, n = 28; p = 0.013) and vigorous PA (VPA) ( r = 0.535, n = 28; p = 0.013). No correlation was evident between the mean daily ST and overall PROMIS score (r = -0.282, n = 28; p = 0.146)

Conclusion

PROMIS Pediatric Mobility tool correlates well with experimentally measured levels of physical activity in children with hip disease. We provide external validity for the use of this tool as a measure of physical activity in children. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):405–410.
Current management strategies for osteochondral lesions of the talus
Authors: Hurley Eoghan T. , Stewart Sarah K. , Kennedy John G. , Strauss Eric J. , Calder James , Ramasamy Arul
Published: February 2021

The management of symptomatic osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) can be challenging. The number of ways of treating these lesions has increased considerably during the last decade, with published studies often providing conflicting, low-level evidence. This paper aims to present an up-to-date concise overview of the best evidence for the surgical treatment of OLTs. Management options are reviewed based on the size of the lesion and include bone marrow stimulation, bone grafting options, drilling techniques, biological preparations, and resurfacing. Although many of these techniques have shown promising results, there remains little high level evidence, and further large scale prospective studies and systematic reviews will be required to identify the optimal form of treatment for these lesions.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):207–212.
Cemented acetabular component with femoral neck autograft for acetabular reconstruction in Crowe type III dislocated hips
Authors: Goto Eiji , Umeda Hirotsugu , Otsubo Makoto , Teranishi Tadashi
Published: February 2021

Aims

Various surgical techniques have been described for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with Crowe type III dislocated hips, who have a large acetabular bone defect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical results of patients in whom anatomical reconstruction of the acetabulum was performed using a cemented acetabular component and autologous bone graft from the femoral neck.

Methods

A total of 22 patients with Crowe type III dislocated hips underwent 28 THAs using bone graft from the femoral neck between 1979 and 2000. A Charnley cemented acetabular component was placed at the level of the true acetabulum after preparation with bone grafting. All patients were female with a mean age at the time of surgery of 54 years (35 to 68). A total of 18 patients (21 THAs) were followed for a mean of 27.2 years (20 to 33) after the operation.

Results

Radiographs immediately after surgery showed a mean vertical distance from the centre of the hip to the teardrop line of 21.5 mm (SD 3.3; 14.5 to 30.7) and a mean cover of the acetabular component by bone graft of 46% (SD 6%; 32% to 60%). All bone grafts united without collapse, and only three acetabular components loosened. The rate of survival of the acetabular component with mechanical loosening or revision as the endpoint was 86.4% at 25 years after surgery.

Conclusion

The technique of using autologous bone graft from the femoral neck and placing a cemented acetabular component in the true acetabulum can provide good long-term outcomes in patients with Crowe type III dislocated hips. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):299–304.
Hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Wordie Sarah J. , Bugler Kate E. , Bessell Paul R. , Robb James E. , Gaston Mark S.
Published: February 2021

Aims

The migration percentage (MP) is one criterion used for surgery in dislocated or displaced hips in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The MP at which a displaced hip can no longer return to normal is unclear. The aim of this paper was to identify the point of no return of the MP through a large population-based study.

Methods

All children registered on the Cerebral Palsy Integrated Pathway Scotland surveillance programme undergo regular pelvic radiographs. Any child who had a MP measuring over 35% since the programme’s inception in 2013, in at least one hip and at one timepoint, was identified. The national radiography database was then interrogated to identify all pelvic radiographs for each of these children from birth through to the date of analysis. A minimum of a further two available radiographs following the initial measurement of MP ≥ 35% was required for inclusion.

Results

A total of 239 children (346 hips) were identified as suitable for analysis at a mean of 6.5 years (2.0 to 14.8) follow-up. In all, 1,485 radiographs taken both prior to and after a hip had a MP ≥ 35% were examined and the MP measured to identify any progression of displacement. Interrogation of the data identified that hips with a MP up to 46% returned to a MP below 40% without intervention, and all hips with a MP equal to or greater than 46% displaced further and the MP did not return to the normal range. Statistical analysis showed the result to be 98% specific with this degree of certainty that hips reaching a MP ≥ 46% would not spontaneously regress.

Conclusion

These findings are clinically relevant in showing that it may be reasonable to continue to monitor hips with a MP not exceeding 46%. This threshold will also guide referral for further management of a displacing hip. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):411–414.
Effects of different tissue specimen pretreatment methods on microbial culture results in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Fang Xinyu , Zhang Lvheng , Cai Yuanqing , Huang Zida , Li Wenbo , Zhang Chaofan , Yang Bin , Lin Jianhua , Wahl Peter , Zhang Wenming
Published: February 2021

Aims

Microbiological culture is a key element in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, cultures of periprosthetic tissue do not have optimal sensitivity. One of the main reasons for this is that microorganisms are not released from the tissues, either due to biofilm formation or intracellular persistence. This study aimed to optimize tissue pretreatment methods in order to improve detection of microorganisms.

Methods

From December 2017 to September 2019, patients undergoing revision arthroplasty in a single centre due to PJI and aseptic failure (AF) were included, with demographic data and laboratory test results recorded prospectively. Periprosthetic tissue samples were collected intraoperatively and assigned to tissue-mechanical homogenization (T-MH), tissue-manual milling (T-MM), tissue-dithiothreitol (T-DTT) treatment, tissue-sonication (T-S), and tissue-direct culture (T-D). The yield of the microbial cultures was then analyzed.

Results

A total of 46 patients were enrolled, including 28 patients in the PJI group and 18 patients in the AF group. In the PJI group, 23 cases had positive culture results via T-MH, 22 cases via T-DTT, 20 cases via T-S, 15 cases via T-MM, and 13 cases via T-D. Three cases under ongoing antibiotic treatment remained culture-negative. Five tissue samples provided the optimal yield. Any ongoing antibiotic treatment had a relevant influence on culture sensitivity, except for T-DTT.

Conclusion

T-MH had the highest sensitivity. Combining T-MH with T-DTT, which requires no special equipment, may effectively improve bacterial detection in PJI. A total of five periprosthetic tissue biopsies should be sampled in revision arthroplasty for optimal detection of PJI. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(2):96–104.
Wissenschaftliches Twittern.
Authors: Meiler Matthias
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the use of the platform Twitter for internal scholarly communication from the perspective of contrastive linguistics of academic language. Since such a genuinely linguis­tic perspective on the scholarly use of Twitter is largely new, it is merely possible to take stock of the interdisciplinary dicussion of the phenomenon on the one hand and to methodologi­cally/ methodically explore a linguistic approach to it on the other. The perspective presented here combines a genuinely pragmatic approach to the analysis of scholarly language with media linguistic principles and terms that make it possible to compare recent and historical develop­ments in scientific communication.
Cuerpos monstruosos, biotecnología e identidad de género en Frankissstein (2019), de Jeanette Winterson
Authors: Estrella María
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo nos proponemos analizar las representaciones del cuerpo fragmentado e intervenido por la técnica y reflexionar acerca de los debates sobre las identidades de género que se observan en Frankissstein (2019), última novela publicada por la autora británica Jeanette Winterson (Manchester, 1959). Esta obra se inscribe en el género de la ciencia ficción y, al mismo tiempo, recupera y reescribe, como es evidente desde el juego de palabras del título, un texto canónico del Romanticismo inglés, Frankenstein (1818) de Mary Shelley. Serán centrales en nuestro estudio los aportes desde los estudios queer de Judith Butler y Paul B. Preciado, así como los vínculos entre transhumanismo, género y ciencia ficción que detectan Donna Haraway y Rosi Braidotti, entre otros.
Transcorporalidad en la narrativa zombi. El caso de VenganZa de Gemma Herrero Virto
Authors: Pietrak Mariola
Published: February 2021

El universo zombi seduce, primero, porque es una metáfora (contra) cultural del otro por excelencia, de su exclusión. En segundo lugar, al igual que el cuerpo transgénero, socava las normas trascendentes naturalizadas regidas por las lógicas binarias. El cuerpo Z es un transcuerpo que desafía el marco heteronormativo de nuestras vidas y transgrede los fundamentos básicos de género, raza, clase social, etc. El zombi es una presencia implacable que obliga a pensar un mundo posgénero (Haraway) y el daño hecho al otro más allá de las soluciones fáciles (como la visibilización de las víctimas), de la explicación simbólica de la culpa sin la reparación efectiva. En el presente trabajo, nos centramos en la figura zombi y sus significados metafóricos en la literatura juvenil de amplio alcance desde la perspectiva de género y exclusión, así como de las nuevas, otras formas posibles de la comunidad.
Distopía, representación, cuerpo y maternidad en El libro de Joan, de Lidia Yuknavitch
Authors: Leonardo-Loayza Richard Angelo
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza El libro de Joan (2018) de Lidia Yuknavitch. Se intenta demostrar que en este texto se presenta una reflexión en torno al poder de la escritura y la importancia de la representación literaria que las mujeres elaboran sobre sí mismas. De igual modo, este libro propone la necesidad de entender el cuerpo de la mujer como artefacto político, que no solo la diferencia del hombre, sino que la empodera, proporcionándole un lugar primordial en el espectro social. En este sentido, se produce una reivindicación de la capacidad reproductiva de las mujeres y se enfatiza la condición de maternidad como el elemento fundamental en la generación y conservación de la vida.
Entre el cyborg, el monstruo y la quimera: producción-reproducción en «Cyber-proletaria» de Claudia Salazar Jiménez
Authors: Leandro Hernández Lucía
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo realiza un análisis del cuento «Cyber-proletaria» de Claudia Salazar Jiménez (Lima, 1976), parte del libro Las otras: Antología de mujeres artificiales (2018) desde el terreno de la ciencia ficción. A través del cuento, la autora abre una discusión entre géneros literarios, subgéneros y teorías que dialogan con la ciencia ficción en América Latina, tales como el ciberfeminismo, el cyberpunk, el posthumanismo y las teorías del cyborg y el monstruo. Se evidenciará cómo el espacio ficcional pone en entredicho el paradigma de lo humano en temas como el capitalismo de barbarie y su acelerado ritmo de consumo en nuestras sociedades modernas, la crisis ecológica que enfrenta el planeta, los límites entre lo natural y lo artificial, las técnicas de reproducción asistida y la gestación subrogada.
Cuando Pandora salvó a Galatea: la sororidad como respuesta en «Casas Rojas», de Nieves Delgado
Authors: Santana Hernández Manuel
Published: February 2021

Este artículo busca profundizar en cómo la ciencia ficción escrita por mujeres en el siglo XXI aborda problemas específicos de los sujetos femeninos, como los vínculos entre heteropatriarcado y capitalismo, la explotación sexual de las mujeres o la cosificación y deshumanización a la que se ven sometidas en una sociedad neoliberal. Para ello, analiza el relato «Casas Rojas» (2014) de la autora gallega Nieves Delgado. Concretamente, se centra en cómo la sororidad es una herramienta fundamental para luchar contra el heteropatriarcado y cómo el texto de Delgado dialoga con postulados teóricos de Andrea Dworkin, Teresa López-Pellisa, Isabel Clúa, Antonio Negri o Pilar Pedraza, entre otros.