bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Permainan Magic Box (Kotak Ajaib) terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak di Tk Pertiwi Moluo Kecamatan Kwandang Kabuapaten Gorontalo Utara
Authors: Nurul Amalia Minatin  , Nunung Suryana Jamin  , Yenti Juniarti
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing the Magic Box game on the speaking abilities of Group B children at Tk Pertiwi Moluo Kindergarten, Kwandang District, Gorontalo Utara Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design, specifically a one-group pre-test-post-test design. The study sample consisted of 32 Group B children. Data analysis was conducted using statistical data processing. Data were collected through observation and assessment of children's abilities before and after the game intervention. The analysis results indicated a significant improvement in children's speaking abilities following the implementation of the Magic Box game. The pre-test average score had a median of 19.00 with a standard deviation of 1.721, while the post-test average score increased to 35.53 with a standard deviation of 2.347. Children's abilities improved from an initial average of 19.5 to 35.53 after the intervention. Based on the paired test table, the significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.349 indicated that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, thus supporting the hypothesis that the Magic Box game positively influenced the speaking abilities of Group B children at Tk Pertiwi Moluo Kindergarten, Kwandang District, Gorontalo Utara Regency.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di TK Kecamatan Siborongborong T.A 2024/2025
Authors: Fery Refmil Hutasoit
Published: February 2025

The problem in this study is the role of principal leadership in improving teacher performance, it needs to be understood that every leader is responsible for directing what is good for teachers. The principal is the highest leader in an educational institution who is responsible for everything related to the smooth running of the school in order to realize the goals of the school. The principal always encourages teachers to carry out their duties well and the higher the intensity of the principal's leadership towards teachers, the higher the level of teacher performance in carrying out their work. This indicates that the behavior of the leader has brought significant changes in improving teacher performance, is able to bring a sense of self-confidence to teachers, is able to provide new ideas to teachers so that they are able to communicate well, is able to provide inspiration for school progress, is able to provide personal attention to all teachers. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of the principal's leadership on teacher performance in kindergartens in Siborongborong District, Kab. North Tapanuli T.A  2024/2025. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method which is ex-post facto. The population is 30 Siborongborong Kindergarten teachers for the 2023/2024 academic year and this research is population research. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 34 items. The results of data analysis show that the principal's leadership has a positive and significant influence on the performance of early childhood education teachers at Siborongborong Kindergarten, proven through the following data analysis: 1) Test of analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained by rxy = 0,718 > rtabel(=0,05,n=30) = 0,361 Thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) a significant relationship test was obtained thitung= 5,464 > ttabel(=0,05,dk=n-2=28)= 2,048 Thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="1.307"+0.937X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 51.6%. This Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.
Pengaruh Gerak Ritmik Terhadap Kecerdasan Kinestetik Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Negeri Pembina Ki Hajar Dewantoro Kecamatan Kota Selatan Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Nurjaini A. Kabulu  , Icam Sutisna  , Sri Wahyuningsi Laiya
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to determine the influence of rhythmic movement on the kinesthetic intelligence of children aged 5-6 years. The research was an experimental study (one group pretest-posttest). The population consisted of 74 children, with a sample of 24 children from group B3, aged 5-6 years, at TK Negeri Pembina Ki Hajar Dewantoro. The data analysis technique was supported by statistical data processing. The research results showed an increase in the average pre-test score, with a mean of 12.95 and a standard deviation of 2.45. Meanwhile, the average post-test score was 25.87, with a standard deviation of 4.01. These results indicate a significant effect before and after the treatment. Based on the t-test, the calculated tcount= 13.44, while the table t-table at (a) = 0.05 was 2.064. Since tcount > ttable; 13.44>2.064, Ho is rejected, and Hi is confirmed. If tcount > ttable, it means there is an influence of rhythmic movement on the kinesthetic intelligence of children aged 5-6 years at TK Negeri Pembina Ki Hajar Dewantoro, Kota Selatan District, Gorontalo City.
Peran Humas PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PERSERO) Daop 2 Bandung dalam Sosialisasi Keselamatan Perlintasan Sebidang di Wilayah Bandung
Authors: Annisa Dian Sya'baniyah  , Retasari Dewi
Published: February 2025

PT KAI Daop 2 Bandung's Public Relations routinely conducts safety socialization at level crossings as part of the company's responsibility to raise public awareness and maintain safety as well as a positive corporate image. This research aims to analyze the role of PT KAI Daop 2 Bandung's Public Relations in implementing safety socialization at level crossings as part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The focus of this research is on the implementation of the safety program involving relevant parties and the communication strategies applied to achieve its objectives. The observational method uses a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study. The research findings show that PT KAI Daop 2 Bandung's Public Relations plays a strategic role as a facilitator and executor of the safety socialization program with a persuasive communication approach, mass media utilization, and collaboration with stakeholders, effectively raising public awareness. This study concludes that PT KAI Daop 2 Bandung's Public Relations plays a strategic role in designing and implementing safety socialization at level crossings to raise public awareness through collaboration with various stakeholders. Recommendations include optimizing the use of digital media, conducting periodic evaluations of message effectiveness, and developing the skills of students in the Public Relations program at Fikom Unpad to better prepare them for the workforce.
Effect of Supply Chain Agility on Business Resilience in Manufacturing Firms in Australia
Authors: Elizabeth Ava
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to examine effect of supply chain agility on business resilience in manufacturing firms in Australia.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Supply chain agility enhances resilience in Australian manufacturing firms by linking innovation to performance. Studies highlight the need for proactive agility strategies to prevent disruption. Strengthening agility ensures operational continuity amid uncertainties.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Dynamic capabilities theory, resource-based view (RBV) & complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of supply chain agility on business resilience in manufacturing firms in Australia. Companies should create flexible sourcing strategies by diversifying suppliers across different regions and implementing dual sourcing to mitigate risks associated with disruptions. Governments should invest in improving transport, logistics, and digital infrastructure to facilitate agile supply chain operations, particularly in developing economies.
Exploring the World by Touch: Guidance in Bimanual Haptic Search
Authors: Ahmed Alina , Babeshkov Adam
Published: February 2025

Haptic attention is an integral facet of everyday life, often arising in everyday activities like feeling for a pencil in a backpack or searching for keys in one’s pockets. We sought to understand how proprioception and features in objects contribute to the efficiency of bimanual haptic search in an unrestrained environment. The haptic task required participants to search for a target item among a set of distractor items without the use of vision, either in a single container, using hands together, or in separate containers with hands apart. We investigated whether the use of two hands enhanced or impeded search efficiency. The items to be felt were cylinders of varying length and volume. We found that bimanual search in one container was not appreciably different from bimanual search in two containers. We also found that there was an additive effect of diameter discrimination and length discrimination on search efficiency.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (AD): MANAGING COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Saeed , Piracha Mariyam Iftikhar , Zahra Mah-e-Noor , Faizan Syed Ahmad , Jabbar Sadaf
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease being a common and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder is one of the most challenging and emerging issues in clinical medicine these days. The current therapy includes anticholinesterasesand NMDA antagonists-memantine only. Owing to the advancement in the knowledge of its pathophysiology,alot of research is going onand many potential targets and alternative therapiesincluding compounds acting on the pathological substrate of the diseasehave been proposed,whichmaybe beneficial in prevention andtreatment of this debilitating disease.Key Words:Cognitive dysfunction, Therapeutics, Neurodegenerative disease, Problems behaviora
NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (NCOV-2019): A GLOBAL HEALTH EMERGENCY
Authors: Zafar Tanzeela
Published: February 2025

NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (NCOV-2019): A GLOBAL HEALTH EMERGENCY
IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON PRACTICES OF ANTENATAL CARE IN PREGNANT WOMEN: AN ANALYTICAL SURVEY
Authors: Ashraf Kamran , Manzoor Iram , Hassan Abida , Zulfi Qurat ul Ain , Iqbal Minahil
Published: February 2025

Background andObjective:Maternal health is a global public health challenge thatis directly affected by the practices during the antenatal period.The objective of this study was to determine factors influencing the effective utilization of antenatal services andto assess the impact of education of women toward practices of antenatal care in womenofthe reproductive age group in Lahore.Material and Methods:Ananalytical cross-sectional studywas conductedat Lady Willingdon Hospital, Farooq Hospital,andAkhter Saeed Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahorefrom March toAugust 2019. Thisstudy included262 pregnant mothers selected by non-probability convenience samplingfrom three tertiary care hospitalsof Lahore. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire and was analyzedon SPSS version 22. Chi-square test was applied to assess the impact of education on the effective utilization of antenatal servicesandpractices followed during this period.Results:Out of 262 pregnant women, who participated in this research 199(75.97%) were literate. The majority of them;196(74.80%) were multigravida. Only 145(55.3%) had planned pregnancy regarding antenatal practices, 66% had reported intake of folic acid, 69.8% iron supplements,and71.8%calcium supplements. Only 58.8% had TT vaccination coverage. On bivariate analysis, it was observed that strong association was seen between educational status andtime of reporting pregnancy (p=0.001), planned pregnancy (p=0.058), folic acid supplementation (p=0.000) iron supplementation (p=0.000), calcium supplementation(p=0.046), hospital delivery (p=0.03) anddelivery by a doctor (p=0.024).Conclusion: Education has a positive impact on good practices during the antenatal period. Key Words:Antenatal care practices,Multivitamin Supplementation,Planned Pregnancy
ANTIOXIDANTS PREVENTED THE FETAL RESORPTIONSINDUCED BY SODIUM ARSENATE IN ALBINO MICE
Authors: Qureshi Fariha , Tahir Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Background andObjectives:Epidemiological studies have revealed the increased prevalenceof spontaneous abortion, stillbirth,and premature babies among women who were exposed to high levels of arsenic in consumablewater during their reproductive years. Thestudy exploredthe fetal toxicity in albino mice inoculatedby sodium arsenate and its preventionby Vitamins C& E. MaterialandMethods:Gravidalbino mice of BALB/c strain twenty-four in number were randomly distributedinto 4 groups containing6 animals in eachgroup.Control group 1was injected with distilled water 0.1ml/kg/day I/P for 18 days. A single dose of sodium arsenate 35mg/kg was injected I/P on 8thgestational day to groups 2,3&4. Vitamins C and E 9 mg/kg/day and 15 mg/kg/day respectively,were givenbyintraperitonealinjectionsto groups 3and 4starting from 8thgestational dayand continued for the rest of the pregnancy period. The fetal resorptionsites were counted both early & late,littersizes werelogged. Morphologicalmalformationswereexamined grossly.Results: An increased incidence of abortion, fetal resorptions,and a significant decrease in littersize were manifestedin group 2. Groups 3&4showed noticeableimprovement in litter size and the number of fetal resorptionswerereduced. There was astatistically significant difference inmeans among the groups (p<0.000).Conclusions: The results exposedthe antioxidant potential of ascorbic acidand alpha-tocopherolin inhibitingthe arsenic bornefetal toxicity in mice.Key Words: Fetal resorptions,Antioxidants, Alpha-tocophero
COMPARISON OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF 1STYEAR MBBS MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS IN THE SUBJECT OF PHYSIOLOGY
Authors: Masud Shahroona , Khurshid Mahnoor , Fazal Ayesha , Qamar Misbah ul , Tabbsum Maimona
Published: February 2025

Objective:To compare the academic performance of males with females in assessment tests of1st-year MBBS in the subject of Physiology.Subjects and Methods:It was a retrospective study conducted on the results of first-year MBBS students in the monthly assessment tests. After approval from the institutional research board, the results of monthly tests in five sessions 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17,and 2017-18 were included. Data were analyzed for the performance of girls and boys as a whole. Out of a total of 781 students admitted during these 5 years, 467 were females (60%) and 314 (40%) were males (fig. I). The performance of girls and boys was further categorized into four groups. G I: high achievers (marks ≥ 80%), G II: good students (marks70-79%), G III: average (50-70%),and G IV: poor (< 50%). The performance of girls and boys was assessed in each group and calculated as % age. The difference was tested by students’ ”t” test and a p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results:Among girls,the results were distributed into these 4 categories as follows: Group I= 0,Group II= 45 (9.6%),Group-III= 353 (75.6%) and Group IV = 69 (14.8%). As for the boys,the performance of each group was, Group I= 0, Group II = 7 (2.22%), GroupIII = 221 (70.39%),and Group IV = 86 (27.39%) boysrespectively. (Table 1, fig 1) T-test value on 2 sample data was 7.5440, p-value = 0.00 (highly significant).It was also observed that the first and second test showed an overall good result from both genders. The third test which was conducted after sports week in all the five sessions showed a decline in the performance of both the genders. The tests held after spring and summer vacations also had comparatively lower scores. The girls maintained their slight supremacy in these results as well. (Fig 3)Conclusion: The academic performance of girls is significantly better than that of boys in all groups (p-value = 0.00). Both the groups give low performance after social events in college but finally cover up their deficiencies.Key Words:Gender, Academic Performance, Medical Education
COMPARISON OF INTER-CANINE AND INTER-MOLAR WIDTHS IN ANGLE'S CLASS I, II ANDIII MALOCCLUSIONS; STUDY OF LOCAL POPULATION OF LAHORE
Authors: Anser Sundas , Safdar Rabia , Arooj Zartashia , Waris Sadaf , Jalil Varda , Tahir Ali
Published: February 2025

Objective:To assess the inter-canine andinter-molar widths amongst Angle's class I, II, and III Malocclusion groups. Material and Methods:This study was carried out at Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health Lahore. Fifty patients within the age range of 10-15 years were selected for study with all three classes of Malocclusion. Arch width measurements were made using dental casts of patients, and the findings were noted in specially designed Performa. Data wasanalyzed using SPSS 20. Results:Mean maxillary inter-molar widths were 45.2mm, 46 mm, 46.02mm, 46.8mm, and 44.1 mm for class I, class II div 1, class II div 2, class II sub-div and class III groups respectively. Mean values for mandibular inter-molar widths were 42.7 mm, 44.09 mm, 44.6 mm, 43.5 mm, and 44.07 mm for class I, class II div 1, class II div 2, class II sub-div and class III groups respectively. Statistically insignificant differenceswere seenfor the inter-molar widths of maxilla and mandible among the Malocclusion groups. Mean maxillary inter-canine widths were 31.8 mm, 32.6 mm, 33.0 mm, 32.0 mm and 30.7 mm for class I, class II div 1, class II div 2, class II sub-div and class III groups respectively. Mean mandibular inter-canine widths were found to be 25.00 mm, 26.7 mm, 27.7 mm, 26.5 mm and 26.0 mm for class I, class II div 1, class II div 2, class II sub-div and class III groups respectively. Significant difference was observed in the inter-canine widths of maxilla and mandible in Angle's Malocclusion. Conclusion:Inter-canine width was found to be least in class I and widest in class II div 2.Key Words:Malocclusion, Orthodontist, Molar
FREQUENCY ANDASSOCIATED RISK FACTORSOF URINARY INCONTINENCE AND IT’SIMPACTONLIFE OFWOMEN.
Authors: Mumtaz Ambreen , Saif Nadia , Salahuddin Nosheen , Nauman Drakhshan , Siddique Uzma , Farooq Fariha
Published: February 2025

Objective: The study was conductedto determinethe frequency of urinary incontinence, its types, associated risk factors,and its impact on the life of women. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the gynaecological out patient department(OPD)of Akhtar Saeed Trust Teaching Hospital from July 2018 to December 2018.Thepatientsofage 18 ormore who complained of involuntary loss of urine were selected from gynae OPD,and after informedconsent,they werefurther questioned about the problem according to thequestionnaire.The data was analyzed on SPSS version 17.Results:Out of 1425 patients,210 patients answered yesto the complaint of urinary incontinence. 198 patients who agreed to participate were interviewed according to the questionnaire. The overall frequency of incontinence was 13.8 % (198). Stressincontinencewas the most common type of incontinencefoundin 127 patients (64.1%), urge incontinence was seen in 37 patients (18.7%),and mixed incontinence was present in 34 patients (17.2%). Urinaryincontinence wasfound to be markedlyhigh in women above 40 yearsof age (69.7%).One hundred seventy-ninepatients (90.4%) belonged to poorsocioeconomic status, 17 patients were from the middle class,and twopatients (1%) belong to upper socioeconomic status. Incontinence especially stressincontinence,was associatedwith increasing parity as 81 patients (40.9%) were grand multipara making itasignificant risk factor for urinary incontinence. Other risk factors were vaginal delivery (85.4%),increased BMI that is > 25per kg/m2(47%), constipation (51%), history of prolapse (34.8%),and chronic respiratorydisease (10%). Urinary incontinencewasseenmorein postmenopausal women (48%) andinthosehaving a habit of tobacco/tea coffee intake (60.5%). Urinary incontinence greatlyaffected women's quality of life as 71 patients (35.9%)avoidedgoing out of the house due to this problem, 38 patients (19.2%)hadreduced sexual relationships,and 23 patients (11.6%) had to use sanitary towels.Conclusion: Urinary incontinence isacommonhealth issuewhichisusuallyunder-reported though it greatly affects the quality of life of women,especially above 40 years of age.Key Words:Urinary Incontinence,BMI, Parity
COVID-19 WITH NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Authors: Farooq Omair , Khan Mohammad , Siddique Abubakar , Amanat Aafrinish , Masood Atika
Published: February 2025

COVID-19 has been presenting with a wide spectrum of manifestations including neurological ones. We encountered three patients who presented with neurological symptoms at our set up (COVID WING Farooq Hospital,West Wood branch, Lahore). One patient presented with altered behavior and was found to have infarcts in basal ganglia with no risk factors already present. The second patient presented initially with respiratory symptoms and developed post-COVID-19 cranial nerve palsies and right hemiparesis. The third patient developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures. All these patients tested positive for COVID-19 on PCR. The first two patients refused treatment but the third one recovered fully and was discharged.Key Words:COVID-19, Seizures, PCR
OCCUPATIONAL CHALLENGES FACED BY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS DEALING WITH COVID-19
Authors: Rashid Noor-ul-Ain , Akram Tehrim , Manzoor Iram
Published: February 2025

OCCUPATIONAL CHALLENGES FACED BY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS DEALING WITH COVID-19
PRESENTATION OF PREGNANT WOMEN DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN FAROOQ HOSPITAL,WEST WOOD
Authors: Farooq Fariha , Salahuddin Nosheen , Nauman Drakhshan , Farooq Omair , Sagheer Faiza , Faruqi Naheed Jamal
Published: February 2025

Adescriptivestudy toevaluate fetomaternalcomplication in pregnant patients admittedwith either symptomsof COVID-19 orwithother obstetric indications, who were tested positive for SARS-COV 2. Material and Methods: Study was conducted from 1stMarch 2020 to 30thJune 2020 inthe department of gynaecologyof Farooq Hospital Westwood Branch Lahore.A total of 262 pregnantpatients were admitted for observation and emergency procedures out of which 28 patients were tested positive for COVID-19.Patient’s demographic characteristics,COVID symptoms, obstetrics symptoms and maternal complications were noted.Mode of delivery,fetomaternal complications and fetal outcomes of delivered patientswere recorded.The antenatal patients in various trimesters weremanaged conservatively and are still under follow up.The data wasanalyzed by SPSS version 20.Results:Out of 28 tested positive patients, 19 (67.8%) have delivered till now and the remaining 9 (32.1%) are still underfollow-up.The mean age of pregnant patientswas 28.46 ±4.07.Ten (35.7%)were primigravida.Most of the patients were in 3rdtrimester of pregnancy between 35-42 weeks (n=17, 60.7%) at the time of presentation. The mean gestational age at presentation was 31.72±9.55.Eight patients (28.5%) were asymptomatic and remaining 20 (71.5%) were having mild symptoms includingfever (n=5, 17.8%),cough (n=4, 14.2%), myalgia (n=2, 7.14%) and headache (n=1, 3.5%).Obstetrical presentation wasspontaneous labour (n=8, 42%) and preterm labour (n=8, 42%), 3(15.7%) had intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and 1(5.26%)had preterm prelabour rupture of membranes.Out of undelivered 9 patients, 2(22.2%) were in 1sttrimester, 3 (33.3%)in the second trimester and 4 (44.4%) in the third trimester.There is a history of contact in 8 of these patients.Out of 19 delivered patients, 12(63.1%) had cesarean sections, 6 (31.5%) had a normal deliveryand 1(5.26%)expulsion.Regarding the fetal outcome of 19 patients, 10(52.6%) were delivered at term, 8 (42.1%)waspreterm and one expulsion. Five newborns (26.3%) had low birth weights(≤2.5kg).Four newborns (21.05%) developed respiratory distress syndrome and were admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit.There was no case of maternal and perinatal mortality.Conclusion:Universal testing of all pregnant females helped in identification of asymptomatic carriers and isolation of those cases helped in reducing spread of disease. Mild cases of COVID-19 infection werewith good maternal and perinatal outcome.KeyWords:Pandemic, COVID-19, Pregnancy
STUDY ABOUT KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE AMONG FINAL YEAR MBBS STUDENTS ANDHOUSE OFFICERSREGARDING COVID-19
Authors: Mumtaz Ambreen , Siddique Uzma , Salahuddin Nosheen , Saif Nadia , Ain Qurat-ul-
Published: February 2025

The coronavirus pandemic is the defining global health crisis of ourtime and the biggest challengewe are facing. Thegoal of the study isto evaluatethe existingknowledge, perception,andattitude of medical students and house officers regarding the SARS-COV 2pandemic.Material and Methods:A web-based cross-sectional studywas conducted from 15thto 30thJune, 2020,targeting finalyear MBBSstudentsand house officers working in Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital and Farooq Hospital.A questionnaire was designed andfilled by 220 participants showing their demographicinformation,knowledge,perception and attitudetowards corona virus.Results:Our participantswerebetween22-26 years of age, predominantly females168(76.4%). Regardingthe knowledge about the cause and modeof transmission of corona virus,99% knew that it’sa viralinfection.Majority 157(71%)of the participants used social mediaas their main source of information.Ninety nine percent knew aboutcommon symptoms, risk factors and preventive measures.Around eighty two percentof participants thoughtthis infection is associated with some social disgrace and 124(56.3%) considered thatmedia had exaggerated the outbreakand that the virus ispurposefully manipulated virus. Nearly sixty-five percent ofour participants thought that thegovernmenthas not succeeded in controlling the epidemic.Conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that participants had ampleknowledgeregarding COVID-19 and showedgood perceptionof disease symptoms, risk factors, incubation period and its prevented measuresbut; their attitude towards the disease was not too positive and needs to be changed.Key Words: Knowledge, Perception, Attitude, COVID-19
FREQUENCY OF BLOOD GROUPS AND DURATION OF HOSPITAL STAY AMONG DIFFERENT BLOOD GROUPS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: Arshad Atiqa , Alam Sadia , Farooq Omair , Usama Muhammad , Waheed Alia , Mumtaz Asim
Published: February 2025

COVID-19 pandemicis thegreatest global challenge, the world is facing from the past few months.Pakistan is currently going through this ongoing health crisis that iscaused bysevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2(SARS-CoV-2). This virus, named as coronavirus disease (Covid-19), specifically acts onangiotensin-converting enzyme, which was widelyfoundinvascular endothelium, respiratory epithelium, alveolar monocytes, and macrophages.It is reported that thereis an unusual trend of abruptinflammation andhypercoagulabilityincritically illCOVID-19patients.Antigenic expression of different blood groups are linked with the development of certain infections.Several blood groups play an important role in the modification of immune response and by providing receptors for microorganisms. Recently,researchers have reported astrong association ofCOVID-19disease and certain blood groups.Objective:To determine thefrequency of ABO blood group andits association with the duration of hospital stay in the hospital in COVID -19 patients.MaterialandMethods:This was a retrospective study analyzingthe ABO blood group distribution in 150 patientsof COVID-19admitted in the corona unit of Farooq hospital Westwood branch Lahorefrom 1stMay 2020 to 30thJune2020.These admitted cases were confirmed by RT-PCR. Results:The results showed that among COVID-19 patients,blood group B (40%) was more common as comparedtoO(21%)blood group.Most of the patients (61%) with blood group A required prolonged hospital stay (≥7 days)than patients with blood group O(42%).Conclusion:We concludedthatcertain blood group types have a strong association with developing COVID-19disease.KeyWords: COVID-19,Macrophages, Monocytes, Vascular Endothelium
BREAST CANCER IN YOUNG WOMEN OF PAKISTAN: AN EMERGING THREAT
Authors: Masood Atika
Published: February 2025

BREAST CANCER IN YOUNG WOMEN OF PAKISTAN: AN EMERGING THREAT
PARADIGM SHIFT IN APPROACH TO REDUCE ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BURDEN
Authors: Waseem Tariq
Published: February 2025

PARADIGM SHIFT IN APPROACH TO REDUCE ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BURDEN
EFFECTIVENESS OF FOOT ORTHOSIS IN FLAT FEET CHILDREN OF AGE 6-15YEARS; A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Haseeb Abdul , Aleem Saima
Published: February 2025

Flat foot(also called pes planus or fallen arches) is a postural deformity but a relativelycommon and usually painless condition. This is categorized as a childhood developmental issue when arches fail to develop owing to multiple reasonsresulting in the problemin both ankle and legs. The study aimed toDetermine the effectiveness of Foot orthosis in relation to foot flat.And to studythe time duration for the correctness of flat foot through soft foot orthosis in children.Material and Methods:This Quasi-experimentalstudy was conducted atthe Pakistan Institute of Prosthetic and Orthotic Sciences(PIPOS)rehabilitation program,Peshawar, Pakistan.The study was conducted over a period of 6 months (July 2018-December 2018).A stratified random sampling technique was adopted for the study and 10flat feet patientsaged 6-15 years were inducted.Data werecollectedin two steps i.e. (Pretest and post-test data). Data was analyzed using SPSS Version-22. Results: The mean age of study participants was 10.5± 2.8 years.Post-test measurement for 3 (30%) patients wasless than 1cm, while that of 7 (70%) patients scored 1cm or above. Participants (40%) with pretest measurements more than 5mm have shownsignificant improvement in achieving the target value except one, while correction of flat feet was slow in participants with measurements less than 5mm.Conclusion: The study suggests that soft foot orthosis hasa good effect on children with flat feet.Early treatment for children with flat feet istoo much necessary.Key Word: Flat Foot, Foot Orthosis,Ankle
THE PERSPECTIVE OF MEDICAL STUDENTSOF A PRIVATE MEDICAL COLLEGE IN LAHOREABOUT THE ONLINE TEACHING
Authors: Riaz Sidrah , Tariq Sabrina , Khan Muhammad Tariq , Bhutta Zubair Iqbal
Published: February 2025

Background:To knowthe general opinionofmedical studentsofa private medical collegeof Lahoreabout online teaching.Material and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional qualitative surveywas conducted in Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The duration of the study was one month, from 1stMarch 2021 to 30thMarch 2021. Asurvey questionnaire was formed and sent toall MBBS students of 3rdyear and 4thyearof Akhter Saeed Medical and Dental college.It consisted of 15 questions.Online survey methodology was used and an online google survey was generated and sent to all students of two classes. Non-probability conventional sampling method was used. All students,who have been promoted to 3rdand 4thyearafter 2ndand 3rdprofessional examinations respectively,wereincluded in the study. The students who did not respond within a month and those who detained were excluded from the study.The online survey was sent to twohundredand seventy-six(276) students, the response was collected for232(79%) students and analyzed by SPSS 20.Results:The results were presented in form of pie charts.The most favorite onlineteaching mode was zoom (87.5%) and WhatsApp (76.3%). Among total, 79.3% students had difficultyinunderstanding study material online, 76% of students were not satisfied with their online teachingand84% believed that they had not beencompetent diction with online teaching. Conclusion:Online teaching has evolved as a new mode of teaching during the corona pandemic. Although it has helped us a lot in restoring the continuity of medical education but still majority of students are not satisfiedwith this method. There is no comparison withactual physical teaching,but it is a need forthe time to evolve more interactive and iterative techniques for online classesto achieve learning objectives.Key Words:Pandemic, Medical Education, Medical Students
PROPHYLACTIC LOW DOSE KETAMINE IN PREVENTING PERI-OPERATIVE SHIVERING DURING SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN ORTHOPEDIC PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY
Authors: Khosa Fareha Iram , Ahmed Taoseef , Tahir Usman , Raza Rizvi Syed Kashif , Sadiq Adnan , Abid Shazia
Published: February 2025

Background: After spinal anesthesia, shivering is reported to occur in 36 -85 % of the cases. Physical techniques like external heating or pharmaceutical interventions are often used to avoid peri-operative hypothermia and shivering.This study aimedto assess the effectiveness of low dose ketamine in preventing peri-operative shivering during spinal anesthesia in orthopedic patients Material and Methods: This was a prospective randomized double-blinded study done at the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, The Indus Hospital,and Health Network Raiwind Campus Lahore for four months. 60 patients were incorporated. Group 1 patients (n=30) were given a low dose of ketamine (0.2 mg/kg iv)after spinal anesthesia while group 2 patients (n=30) were given 5ml of saline after spinal anesthesia. Axillary/frontal temperature was measured at 0, 15,and 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia.Results: In group 1, shivering was observed in 1 (3.33%), 1(3.33%) and 3 (10%) patients after 0, 15 and 30 minutes respectively while in group 2, shivering was observed in 0 (00), 6 (20%) and 11 (36.67%) patients after 0, 15 and 30 minutes respectively (p=0.006). In group 1, rescue maneuver was used in 4 (13.33%)patients while group 2 rescue maneuver was used in 14 (46.67%) patients. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.005)Conclusion: Our study concludes that prophylactic Low dose ketamine is effective in preventing peri-operative shivering duringspinal anesthesia in orthopedic patients as compared to the placebo group.KeyWords: Ketamine, Shivering, Spinal anesthesia
FREQUENCY OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS RELATION WITH SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN MEDICAL OFFICERS OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Shahbaz Ferheen , Haider Naveed , Naz Zunaira , Mazhar Seema , Javaid Muhammad Iqbal
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aimedto evaluate the frequency of sleep deprivation and its association with metabolic syndrome in medical officers of a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectionalstudy of 100 cases. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The study span was 6 months. Doctors of age 20 to 40 yearsof age were selected. Firstly,a history of sleep deprivation was taken concerningWHO-recommended criteria. After that their results for metabolic syndrome were compared. ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome werefollowed.Results: Out of 100 doctors, 79 were found to be sleep-deprived and 21 were not sleep deprived with a mean deviation of 65.10. In this sample,39 persons were having MetSand 61 were normal. When we did the cross-tabulation of sleep-deprived persons with metabolic syndrome the cumulative percentage wasas follows. Persons who were not sleep-deprived and have no Metswere 18(85.7%). Persons having no sleep deprivation but met S were 3(14.3%). Persons having sleep deprivation but no Metswere found to be 43(54.4%). The personswho weresleep-deprived and also metabolic syndrome was36(45.6)%. Pearson Chi-Square= 6.82aand p-value = 0.009 statistically significant. Conclusion: People who are sleep deprived have more chances to develop metabolic syndrome than people having normal sleep patterns.Key Words: Sleep deprivation, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases
EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: AN EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN DEMOGRAPHIC HEALTH SURVEY
Authors: Raza Ahmad , Ishaq Muhammad , Mehmood Bushra , Ehsan Rai , Iram Anila
Published: February 2025

Background:This study aimedto determine the effectsof domestic violence on women's reproductive healthbased on demographic variables as contributing factors. Material and Methods:Secondary data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-2013wereanalyzed collected from3687 ever-marriedfemales between the ages 15-49 years, who were selected and interviewed about the experiencesof domestic violence. The researchers used the IBM SPSS 20 for data analysis in the present study. Binary logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression wereused to determinethe odds and adjusted odds ratios.Results:This study identifies that 38%of women have experiencedsomeform of domestic violence (31% emotional violence, 28% less severe violence, and 7% severe physical violence),38%of women have usedcontraceptive methods(28% modern, 9% traditional, or .1% folkloric), 11% women have not agreedat all,to be pregnant out of 398 pregnant women,and 36% womenhaveterminatedtheir pregnancyever.Place of residence (rural and urban) hadthe highest odds ratio of emotional violence (adj. OR 1.64, CI at 95%, 1.3-2.0, p<.001). The highest adj. odds of contraceptive use were2.2 (95% CI, 1.75-2.75, p<.001) for respondents’education comparedto non-educated. The adj. odds ratio of unintended pregnancy was2.3 (95% CI 1.6-3.42, p<.001) times increasedonincrease in each child in the house and forpregnancy termination was1.87 (95% CI 1.5-2.3, p<.001) times for the respondents with age more than 30 years as comparedto lower age. The adj. odds ratio of “contraceptive use” was1.28 (95%CI 1.1-1.49, p<.001) times for those respondents who experiencedemotional violence as comparedto the respondents who hadnosuch experience,whereas1.27 (95%CI 1.1-1.47, p<.001) times for those whohadexperiencedoverall domestic violence.By controllingsocial equity, the adj. odds ratio of unintended pregnancy was 2.05(95%CI, 1.04-4.05, p<.05) timesforrespondents who had experiencedoverall domestic violence comparedto respondents who had notexperiencedit. Key Words:Domestic Violence, Reproductive Health, Pregnant Women
THE FREQUENCY OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AND ITS RISK FACTORS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS OF LAHORE.
Authors: Sabir Bushra , Awan Ruqayya , Pervaiz Butt Zarabia , Amir Saira , Azam Lubna
Published: February 2025

Background:Suicide is an important public health problem and medical students constitute a vulnerable group tosuicide.Itisimportanttoestimatethemagnitudeofsuicidalideationanditsvariouspredictors, as it is often a precursor warning leading ultimately to the act of actually taking one’s own life. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of suicidal ideation and various factors among medicalstudents.Material andMethods:This cross-sectionalstudywasconducted among 250 medical students of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. An equal number of male and female medical students from the first to the final year were recruited using the nonprobability purposive sampling technique. Astructured, self-administered,pre-validatedquestionnairewas used for data collection. After obtaining informed consent from the participants, information wascollectedfrom study participants regardinggender, marital status, residential status,and family statusalong with recent suicidal ideation, self-harm,and relatedrisk factors. SPSS version 21 was used for data entry andanalysis.Results:The mean age of respondents was 20.8 +1.8years. Regarding residential status, 81.6%of respondents were hostellingand18.4% were day scholars.Around 69.6% of students had self-reported anxiety/depression as well. The frequency of lifetime and recent suicidal ideation among medical students was found to be 17% and 23.6% respectively. Around 16% of students had a history of deliberate self-harm attempts.Conclusion:A high frequency of suicidal ideation, self-harm attempts,and self-reported anxiety/depression amongmedicalstudentswasobservedinthestudywhichisanalarmingsituationandreflectsthat effective suicide prevention programs must be urgently developed for medical students to tackle theissue.Key Words:Suicidal Ideation, Medical students, Self-Destructive Behavior
Missionary Enchantment in South Asia 16th-18th Centuries
Authors: Županov Ines G.
Published: February 2025

Max Weber’s classical notion of enchantment serves in this book to highlight the clash and rewiring of ethical and cosmological codes in European and Indian early modern cultural encounters from the 16th century onward. Since Portuguese imperialism was unable to justify itself without invoking otherworldly intervention, Catholic missionaries provided the vocabulary and narrative of global salvation. Each chapter in this volume explores a range of enchantment techniques used by missionaries, encompassing historical prose, poetry, images, and translations, woven through with emotions and wrapped in illocutionary force. Catholic missionaries in India wrote from and about the soft belly of tropical colonialism with certainty about the triumph of Christianity. Understanding the subterranean bond between history and fiction is at the heart of this book.
Impact of Ekadhiken Purven Sutra on Students at Kasturba Gandhi Girls Hostel, Bazpur
(Uttarakhand): An Analysis
Authors: Singh Sooraj Pal
Published: February 2025

In this case study, we developed the impact of the "Ekadhiken Purven Sutra" from Vedic Mathematics on students at the Kasturba Gandhi Girls Hostel. This sutra is renowned for simplifying the squaring of numbers ending in 5 and improving mental arithmetic knowledge. It was introduced in a pilot study to evaluate its influence on students' mathematical performance, confidence, and engagement with the subject. A Cohort of 80 students in grades 6 to 9 participated in a structured program where they learned the Ekadhiken Purven Sutra alongside their regular math curriculum. Preand post-assessments were carried out to gauge its effects on their calculation speed, accuracy, and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, qualitative feedback was gathered to gain insight into the students’ attitudes toward mathematics after being taught the sutra.
Timing of discharge of pediatric patients post cardiac catheterization
Authors: Alakhfash Ali A. , Al Mesned Abdulrahman A. , Al Qwaiee Abdulla M. , Kolko Naser , Alnakhli Zainab
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Same-day discharge after cardiac catheterization may be safe for some patients. This study aimed to review our experience with same-day discharge after pediatric cardiac catheterization following the implementation of a fast-track protocol.

OBJECTIVES:

Evaluate the feasibility of same-day discharge after pediatric cardiac catheterization and identify risk factors for prolonged hospital stay.

DESIGN:

Retrospective review

SETTING:

Pediatric cardiology department

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Data from patients who underwent cardiac catheterization were recorded over 17 months, from January 2022 to May 2023, focusing on pediatric cardiac catheterization procedures, including demographics, clinical, echocardiographic, catheterization data, and outcomes. Criteria were set to determine the possibility of same-day discharge post-cardiac catheterization.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

The primary outcome was the length of hospital stay post-cardiac catheterization. Secondary outcomes included identifying risk factors for prolonged hospital stay (more than 12 hours) and any associated complications.

SAMPLE SIZE:

300 patients

RESULTS:

Of the 300 patients, 201 (67%) were discharged on the same day (with less than 12 hours' hospital stay), and 57 patients (19%) stayed overnight. The median length of stay (LOS) after pediatric cardiac catheterization was 8.7 hours (25th percentile: 7.5 hours, 75th percentile: 23.8 hours). No complications were reported in patients discharged on the same day. The majority of procedures were interventional cardiac catheterizations (242 cases, 80.7%), with most patients (166 cases, 55.3%) discharged on the same day of the procedure. The most common age group was between 3 to 6 months (114 patients, 38%). Regression analysis revealed that cardiac catheterization in neonates and infants less than 3 months old, more complex interventions such as patent ductus arteriosus stenting and right ventricular outflow tract stenting, interventions in the aortic valve, and the occurrence of complications were associated with prolonged hospital stay.

CONCLUSION:

Same-day discharge following catheterization is feasible for the majority of pediatric patients and can contribute to reduced healthcare costs and improved patient satisfaction. We developed a fast-track protocol for assessing the timing of discharge after pediatric cardiac catheterization, outlining potential indications and contraindications for same-day discharge. Factors associated with prolonged hospital stays include interventions in the neonatal period and procedure-related complications. Careful patient selection and monitoring impleare essential to ensure optimal outcomes

LIMITATIONS:

The retrospective nature of the study and the single-center experience may limit the generalizability of the findings.
The therapeutic effect of leucogen in treating alcoholic liver cirrhosis with thrombocytopenia or leukopenia
Authors: Su Min , He Mengwen , Liu Jia-Liang , Yang Wu-Cai , Wang Jian-Jun , Guo Chang , Fu Yi-Ming , Wang Chun-Yan , Li Shuyao , Ji Dong , Chen Hong-Yan
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia are common complications of alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) and are associated with an increased risk of bleeding, infection and mortality.

OBJECTIVES:

Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of leucogen, a cysteine derivative that increases platelet (PLT) and white blood cell (WBC) counts in ALC patients.

DESIGN:

Retrospective

SETTING:

Department of hepatology, general hospital

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Patients with ALC who had thrombocytopenia and/or leukopenia were enrolled between 2022 and 2023 and were divided into two groups based on their treatment: the leucogen group (20 mg, three times per day) and the non-leucogen group.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

The primary endpoint was an increase in PLT or WBC of ≥5% from baseline.

SAMPLE SIZE:

413 patients (320 patients in the final analysis)

RESULTS:

In this retrospective study, 320 patients were analyzed post-propensity score matching: 160 patients each in the leucogen and non-leucogen groups. Following 3 months of treatment, the leucogen group experienced a median increase in PLT levels of 1.0×10
9
/L versus a decrease of 3.0×10
9
/L in the non-leucogen group (
P
=.003), and a median increase in WBC counts of 0.1×10
9
/L compared to a decrease of 0.1×10
9
/L (
P
=.006). The changes in ALT, AST, and TBIL levels were not significantly different between groups. A higher proportion of patients in the leucogen group experienced increases in both PLT (46.9% vs. 32.5%,
P
=.012) and WBC counts (50.0% vs. 36.2%,
P
=.018), and 28.1% of patients in the leucogen group had increases in both parameters, compared to 15.6% in the non-leucogen group (
P
=.01). The leucogen group also demonstrated greater increases in PLT (OR 1.833;
P
=.009) and WBC counts (OR 1.759;
P
=.013) compared to the non-leucogen group. The safety profile of leucogen was favorable, with no significant adverse events reported. Leucogen was particularly beneficial for patients younger than 60 years and those with lower baseline ALT and AST levels, showing significant improvements in both PLT and WBC counts in these subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Leucogen effectively increased PLT and WBC counts in patients with ALC, showing a favorable safety profile.

LIMITATIONS:

Retrospective study