bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEMŞİRELERİN İLAÇ GÜVENLİĞİ YETERLİLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Korkut Sevda , Ülker Türkan
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, ilaç güvenliği ile ilgili bilgi, beceri ve tutumlara dayalı olarak hemşirelerin yeterliliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı kesitsel tipte yürütülen bu araştırma Türkiye genelinde çalışan 424 hemşirenin katılımı ile tamamlanmıştır. Araştırma verilerini toplamak amacı ile tanıtıcı özellikler anket formu ve Hemşireler İçin İlaç Güvenliği Yeterlilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Google formlar aracılığıyla oluşturulan çevrim içi anketler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların ilaç güvenliği toplam puan ortalamasının 158.7±16.84 olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda hemşirelerin ilaç güvenliği yeterlilik düzeylerini iyi düzeyde algıladıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca hemşirelerin hasta merkezli ilaç yönetimi, güvenlik sorunlarının iyileştirilmesi, etkileyen faktörlerin yönetimi, güvenli risk yönetimi, multidisipliner işbirliği ve hemşirelik mesleğinde sorumluluk gibi başlıklarda da kendilerini yeterli gördükleri saptanmıştır. Hasta güvenliğinin sağlanması ve sürdürülmesinde önemli parametrelerden biri olan ilaç güvenliği konusunda hemşirelerin yeterlilik düzeyinin yüksek olması önemlidir. Çalışmanın farklı ve daha büyük örneklemlerde yapılması, eğitim müdahaleleri ile uzun dönem izlemlerin yapılması ve sonuçların değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Gebelik Niyetinin, Çocukluk Çağı Sıkıntıları, Gebelik Mutluluğu ve Emzirme Davranışı İle İlişkisi
Authors: Kurt Nuray , Demirelli Ayşegül , Sabancı Baransel Esra , Barut Sümeyye
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırma gebelik niyetinin gebelik mutluluğu, çocukluk çağı sıkıntıları ve emzirme davranışı ile ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırma iki aşamada yürütüldü. İlk aşamada araştırmaya alınma kriterlerini sağlayan 316 gebeye ulaşıldı. Doğum sonu 6. ayda ulaşılamayan anneler ve emzirmeyi etkileyebilecek sağlık sorunu olanlar çalışmadan dışlanarak 216 katılımcı ile çalışma tamamlandı. Araştırmanın verileri Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Gebelik Niyetini Belirleme Formu, Gebelik Mutluluğu Belirleme Ölçeği, Çocukluk Çağı Olumsuz Yaşantılar Ölçeği Türkçe Formu (ÇÇOYÖ), Doğum Sonu Emzirme Davranışını Belirleme Formu kullanılarak toplandı. Gebelik niyeti ile gebelik mutluluğu arasında pozitif yönde (r=.597; p
Niche-regime interactions: post-automation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Smith Adrian , Fressoli Mariano
Published: December 2024

Analysing interactions between niches and regimes is critically important for understanding sustainability transitions. What complicates interaction is the fact that sustainability is often understood and pursued differently in regimes compared to niches. That means the aims and criteria for innovation can be different on either side of the interaction. A paradox arises in which interaction will be easiest when there is already good alignment between niche and regime sustainability criteria; but such alignment will by definition not demand very great changes in the regime nor empower more radical niche experiments. In practice, four different interactions co-exist: differentiation; co-option; hybridisation; and criticism. These interactions work in both directions, can be interdependent upon one another, and influence wider change processes over time. It becomes problematic to conceive reconfiguration as a single transition process originating in niches and linking to regimes. This is illustrated with an example that contrasts sustainability in the automation regime of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) with a niche space that we call post-automation. In becoming attentive to niche-regime interactions, so the politics of sustainable transitions becomes clearer.
Association of humidity and precipitation with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gu Wangyang , Xie Dan , Li Qinpeng , Feng Huike , Xue Yihao , Chen Yang , Tang Jingyi , Zhou Yushi , Wang Dan , Tong Shilu , Liu Shijian
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The relationship of asthma with humidity and precipitation remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of increased humidity and precipitation with asthma risk.

Methods

A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Wanfang, CQVIP, and CNKI. A total of 21 studies with 1,052,960 participants from 9 countries or regions were included. The fixed and random effect model were used to analyze the data.

Results

The study revealed a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.0489 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0061, 1.0935] for the association between humidity and asthma risk. Specifically, among individuals under 18 years of age, the OR (95% CI) was 1.0898 (1.0290, 1.1541). Furthermore, the OR (95% CI) for developing countries or regions was 1.0927 (1.0220, 1.1684), while it was 1.1298 (0.9502, 1.3433) for regions with a high latitude (41°–51°). The pooled OR for precipitation and asthma risk was 0.9991 (0.9987, 0.9995). The OR (95%CI) values were 0.9991 (0.9987, 0.9995), 0.9991 (0.9987, 0.9995) and 0.9990 (0.9986, 0.9994) in people above the age of 18, developing countries or regions, and middle latitudes (31°–41°), respectively.

Discussion

The impact of humidity on asthma risk is particularly pronounced among individuals below 18 years of age, people living in developing countries or regions and in regions located in high latitudes. And the influence of precipitation on asthma persons over the age of 18, developing countries or regions, and middle latitudes significantly. Increased humidity appears to elevate asthma risk, and increased precipitation may reduce the risk. In addition, there appears to be a combined effect of humidity and precipitation on asthma.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO, identifier, CRD42023482446.
Time-calibrated phylogeny of neotropical freshwater fishes
Authors: Tagliacollo Victor A. , Tan Milton , Reis Roberto E. , Gaia Ronielson , Carrijo Virgilio , Ranuzi Marcelo , Craig Jack M. , Albert James S.
Published: December 2024

Neotropical Freshwater Fish (NFF) fauna exhibits the greatest phenotypic disparity and species richness among all continental aquatic vertebrate faunas, with more than 6,345 species distributed across the mostly tropical regions of Central and South America. The last two decades have seen a proliferation of molecular phylogenies, often at the species level, covering almost all 875 valid NFF genera. This study presents the most comprehensive genome-wide, time-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis of NFF species to date, based on DNA sequences generated over decades through the collaborative efforts of the multinational ichthyological research community. Our purpose is to build and curate an extensive molecular dataset allowing researchers to evaluate macroevolutionary hypotheses in the NFF while facilitating continuous refinement and expansion. Using thousands of DNA sequences from dozens of studies, we compiled a supermatrix of 51 markers for 5,984 taxa, representing 3,167 NFF species. Based on this dataset, we built the most species-rich time-calibrated phylogeny of the NFF taxa to date, summarizing the collective efforts of the ichthyological research community since the midpoint of the last century. We provide a summary review of this remarkable evolutionary history and hope this dataset provides a framework for forthcoming studies of the NFF fauna, documenting compelling, emergent patterns in the world’s most diverse continental vertebrate fauna.
Analysis of the effects of Bacillus velezensis HJ-16 inoculation on tobacco leaves based on multi-omics methods
Authors: Zhou Qing , Yang Jinchu , Feng Yingjie , Yang Zongcan , Wang Yixuan , Zhang Zhan , Zhang Tingting , Liu Wenzhao , Xu YongMing , Yang Yongfeng , Huang Jihong
Published: December 2024

In this study, a strain isolated from the surface of flue-cured tobacco leaves, identified as Bacillus velezensis HJ-16, was applied in the solid-state fermentation of tobacco leaves. This strain, known for producing thermally stable enzymes, including amylase, cellulase, and protease, significantly improved the sensory qualities of tobacco, enhancing aromatic intensity, density, and softness, while reducing irritation. Whole-genome sequencing and functional annotation revealed that B. velezensis HJ-16 possesses a single circular chromosome containing genes associated with enzyme production and metabolic activities, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified significant changes in non-volatile metabolites induced by fermentation. These metabolites were enriched in pathways related to flavonoid biosynthesis, alkaloid biosynthesis, aromatic amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbon metabolism. Metagenomic analysis showed that Bacillus became the dominant genus on the tobacco leaf surface following inoculation with B. velezensis HJ-16, altering the microbial community composition, reducing diversity and evenness, and enhancing microbial metabolic activity. These findings underscore the potential of B. velezensis HJ-16 as a biotechnological tool to improve tobacco leaf quality.
Paternal impact on the developmental programming of sexual dimorphism
Authors: Aljabali Shefa’ M. , Pai Shruta , Teperino Raffaele
Published: December 2024

Sexual dimorphism involves distinct anatomical, physiological, behavioral, and developmental differences between males and females of the same species, influenced by factors prior to conception and during early development. These sex-specific traits contribute to varied phenotypes and individual disease risks within and across generations and understanding them is essential in mammalian studies. Hormones, sex chromosomes, and imprinted genes drive this dimorphism, with over half of quantitative traits in wildtype mice showing sex-based variation. This review focuses on the impact of paternal non-genetic factors on sexual dimorphism. We synthesize current research on how paternal health before conception affects offspring phenotypes in a sex-specific manner, examining mechanisms such as DNA methylation, paternally imprinted genes, sperm RNA, and seminal plasma. Additionally, we explore how paternal influences indirectly shape offspring through maternal behavior, uterine environment, and placental changes, affecting males and females differently. We propose mechanisms modulating sexual dimorphism during development, underscoring the need for sex-specific documentation in animal studies.
Productive in disagreement: stakeholder deliberation insights on carbon dioxide removal in Germany
Authors: Apergi Maria , Hellmich Mary , Eberenz Samuel , Honegger Matthias , Reinecke Sabine , Tänzler Dennis
Published: December 2024

Attention to carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in climate policy is growing, and many CDR methods such as direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) are controversial. As such, broadening knowledge creation to include stakeholder perspectives upstream of policy is important. This exploratory study provides insights into the stakeholder engagement process of a transdisciplinary research project and its findings regarding co-creative CDR policy design and evaluation. It analyzes the views of participants in a stakeholder engagement workshop on CDR and an online survey. In all instances, experts highlighted the importance of the context in which these technologies are deployed. Workshop participants’ views of DACCS, including its risks and opportunities, evolved throughout the process, indicating that learning took place. We also present stakeholders’ reflections on their own role in knowledge creation and policy design. The qualitative experience and joint exploration of topics reaffirm the relevance of proper engagement on controversial, wicked problems such as the scaling of CDR as exemplified for DACCS. A nuanced discussion of the deployment context matters for stakeholders’ perception of DACCS. Our results underscore the importance of deliberative and adaptable policymaking in the current formative phase of CDR policy in Europe. Additionally, they highlight the need for policies to proactively address tradeoffs between climate mitigation efficiency and other goals. They advocate for government-backed CDR research and development (R&D) as a basis for future deployment alongside a fossil fuel phaseout to maintain a clear carbon budget and avert mitigation deterrence.
The impact of user addiction on continuance intention to use streaming platforms: incorporating expectation confirmation model and personality traits
Authors: Sae-tae Kittiporn , Ling Jinzhu , Wang Qian
Published: December 2024

The widespread use of the Internet has transformed communication, including listening to music and watching movies. With the development of new technologies, consumers now have more options for viewing new media across many platforms and devices. Consumers now have more options for watching new material across many platforms and devices via OTT (Over-the-Top) streaming platforms. Future trends in consumer behavior will significantly increase competition for the digital media business, particularly in the digital video and music sectors. This article aims to understand better Thai streaming service users, where the country’s digital infrastructure has been developing. By examining their heavy viewing addiction, intention to continue using the expectation confirmation model, personality traits, and implementation of the 7Ps in marketing. An online questionnaire-based survey of Thai respondents was used to evaluate the proposed models empirically. The study used path analysis and a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to investigate how continuance intention toward streaming services is affected by other endogenous variables in Thailand. The empirical results found that the user’s satisfaction and addiction of users to heavy viewing were found to be key factors influencing the intention to continue using streaming services in the Thai environment. Likewise, the study confirms the importance of the Big Five personality traits theory in impacting the behavior of streaming service consumers. Introverted persons may perceive streaming services as more useful and enjoyable. The findings deepened our understanding of Thai streaming consumer behavior and offered more insight into market trends for streaming services.
Predicting pro-environmental behavior among generation Z in Indonesia: the role of family norms and exposure to social media information
Authors: Suminar Jenny Ratna , Hafiar Hanny , Amin Kholidil , Prastowo Ari Agung
Published: December 2024

Amidst the pressing concerns of sustainability, it is of utmost importance to prioritize the adoption of reusable bottles to combat plastic waste and encourage pro-environmental behavior (PEB). Moreover, social norms, particularly those within the family, are believed to have the potential to foster the development of PEB. The study investigates how injunctive and descriptive norms influence individuals’ intentions and behaviors regarding pro-environmental behavior (PEB). Additionally, the researchers analyze the communication aspect to evaluate its significance in promoting PEB. The research entailed conducting a cross-sectional survey with 670 respondents in Indonesia who belong to the Generation Z demographic, specifically aged between 18 and 25 years old. The study results indicate that descriptive and injunctive norms are influential factors in determining individuals’ intention to engage in PEB. Besides, the researchers discovered that the intention to engage in PEB is an intermediary in the correlation between descriptive and injunctive norms and PEB behaviors. Another notable finding is that the social media platform Instagram can moderate the influence of intention on PEB behaviors. The study also delves into the theoretical and practical contributions of these findings.
A nomogram model to predict non-retrieval of short-term retrievable inferior vena cava filters
Authors: Qin Lihao , Gu Xiaocheng , Ni Caifang , Wang Kai , Xue Tongqing , Jia Zhongzhi , Wang Yun
Published: December 2024

Objective

To develop and validate a nomogram for predicting non-retrieval of the short-term retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters.

Methods

In this study, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors of short-term retrievable filter (Aegisy or OptEase) non-retrieval, and a nomogram was then established based on these factors. The nomogram was created based on data from a training cohort and validated based on data from a validation cohort. The predictive value of the nomogram was estimated using area under the curve (AUC) and calibration curve analysis (Hosmer-Lemeshow test).

Results

A total of 1,321 patients who had undergone placement of short-term retrievable filters (Aegisy or OptEase) were included in the analysis. The overall retrieval rate was 68.7%. Age, proximal and distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) vs. distal DVT, active cancer, history of long-term immobilization, VTE was detected in the intensive care unit, active/recurrent bleeding, IVC thrombosis, and history of venous thromboembolism were independent predictive risk factors for non-retrieval of filters. Interventional therapy for DVT, acute fracture, and interval of ≥14 days between filter placement and patient discharge were independent protective factors for non-retrieval of filters. The nomogram based on these factors demonstrated good ability to predict the non-retrieval of filters (training cohort AUC = 0.870; validation cohort AUC = 0.813.

Conclusion

This nomogram demonstrated strong predictive accuracy and discrimination capability. This model may help clinicians identify patients who are not candidates for short-term retrievable filter placement and help clinicians make timely, individualized decisions in filter choice strategies.
Case Report: Surgical treatment of type B aortic dissection in an adult with double aortic arch
Authors: Luo Chong , Bian Longrong , Liang Weitao , Wu Zhong
Published: December 2024

Background

Double aortic arch (DAA) with type B aortic dissection in adults is a rare aortic vascular disease. The abnormal anatomical structure of the aortic arch in such patients presents significant challenges in the selection of surgical approaches, and there is a notable lack of exploration into endovascular repair approaches that simultaneously preserve asymptomatic vascular rings.

Case description

A 43-year-old female patient was admitted due to recurrent chest and back pain lasting for over a month. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) indicated a double aortic arch anomaly with localized dissection of the descending aorta. Esophagography with barium swallow revealed vascular indentation on the upper and middle thoracic esophagus, with mild to moderate local narrowing. Based on a comprehensive preoperative evaluation of the imaging and the patient's clinical history, a thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) procedure was performed. Considering that the deformity did not cause any clinical symptoms and that the vessel diameter and distance from the proximal anchoring area were sufficient, the posterior section of the dominant arch was chosen as the proximal anchorage zone, and a stent with proximal bare zone was deployed to maintain blood flow to the distal non-dominant arch and preserve the integrity of the vascular ring. Follow-up CTA scans at one- and six-month post-operation showed that the aortic stent was well-positioned, with no visible primary lesion. The patient reported complete resolution of chest pain and no difficulties with swallowing or breathing.

Conclusion

In adult patients with DAA complicated by aortic dissection, the abnormal anatomy of the aortic arch poses significant challenges in making treatment decisions. After a comprehensive, multidimensional evaluation of the patient's medical history, CTA, and esophagography, we successfully performed TEVAR procedure. This case provides new insights into the surgical strategy for treating such rare conditions.
Influence of differential source patterns in the detection of signals of disproportionate reporting for PARP inhibitors
Authors: Mestres Jordi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Current individual case safety report (ICSR) databases contain almost 56 million unique spontaneous declarations of drug-event associations by health professionals but also by patients themselves. These databases have become a useful source for detecting signals of disproportionate reporting (SDR). However, since health professionals use a medical jargon that is often distant from the more colloquial terms used by patients, they usually report more frequently certain adverse events than patients and vice versa. The main objective of this work is to illustrate the existence of different reporting patterns among drugs within a class and to analyze their potential impact on SDR detection.

Methods

Four ICSR databases were considered, namely, FAERS, VAERS, JADER, and VigiBase, with reports up until March 2024. They were all integrated in a single database following a careful deduplication and COVID-19 correction protocol. Measures of reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio and empirical Bayesian geometric mean were used to evaluate disproportionate reporting.

Results

The reporting patterns of four marketed oncology drugs, namely, olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib, and an investigational drug, veliparib, were compared to those of a diverse set of eight clinically observed SDR, namely, fatigue, asthenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, insomnia, intestinal obstruction, and pneumonitis. The source pattern analysis revealed that olaparib and talazoparib are most frequently reported by physicians, and physicians are the main reporters of events such as neutropenia and pneumonitis, predisposing these events to be detected as SDR for those PARP inhibitors. In contrast, rucaparib and niraparib are most frequently reported by American consumers, and American consumers are the main reporters of events such as insomnia and intestinal obstruction, facilitating their detection as SDR for those two drugs. SDR detection was found to be robust to ICSR data completeness.

Discussion

Matched reporting patterns between drugs and events may predispose certain drugs to be disproportionally associated with adverse events. Therefore, SDR detected from matched drug-event source patterns in ICSR databases should be challenged during signal validation. Class SDR for drugs with differential source patterns (such as fatigue, asthenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia for all PARP inhibitors) usually involve correcting opposite drug-event source patterns.
Prediction of marl reservoir distribution based on facies-constrained reflectivity inversion method
Authors: Zhang Hao , Chen Li , Zhu Hua , Xin Yongguang , Wang Yongxiao , Sun Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

Accurate characterization of carbonate reservoirs remains a significant challenge due to complex facies variations and the substantial effects of wave propagation. We propose a facies-constrained reflectivity inversion strategy. The method establishes a relationship between logging data and seismic waveforms, applies clustering analysis using the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) technique, and utilizes the clustering results to constrain the construction of an initial model with realistic lateral variations. Based on this initial model, a Bayesian-based reflectivity inversion is performed, incorporating a modified Cauchy prior distribution to enhance inversion accuracy and stability. The reflectivity method offers a one-dimensional analytical solution to the wave equation, tacking thin layer thicknesses and wave propagation effects into consideration, thereby significantly alleviating inversion problems encountered in marl reservoirs. Compared to traditional inversion methods based on the Zoeppritz equation, the facies-constrained reflectivity inversion delivers higher accuracy and resolution. The application of this technique to identify marl reservoirs in the Lei32 sub-member of the Sichuan Basin has yielded promising results, effectively delineating favorable reservoir areas of approximately 210 km2 and offering strong support for future exploration and development.
Undergraduate university students mentoring program: experiences of mentors and mentees
Authors: Al-Aqeel Sinaa , Alhumaid Hana Khalid
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Research on the impact of mentoring on students and mentors is limited. Therefore, this study explored the experiences of mentors and mentees involved in a mentoring program for undergraduate students at a governmental academic institution in Saudi Arabia. The program connected undergraduate students with peer students, academic staff, or alumni based on their needs.

Methods

Using an online survey (n = 80) and a focus group (n = 24), we examined mentees and mentors' perceptions of their mentoring experiences. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participants' responses to the survey. The focus group data were analyzed using six phases of thematic analysis.

Results and discussion

The findings showed that the participants' mentoring experience was positive, with some challenges, such as limited time, unmet expectations of mentees, and a lack of student engagement. The motivation to volunteer as a mentor focused mainly on wanting to help others and appreciating the value of mentoring based on the mentors' previous experiences.
State of charge estimation method for lithium-ion battery pack using BP-MDM-TEM
Authors: Yao Haiyan , Xu Yuefei , Guo Qiang , Miu Yufeng , Zhang Xufeng , Wei Jiadong , Zhang Yunning , Wang Chunshi
Published: December 2024

Addressing the fluctuating core temperatures during series battery pack operation that cause inconsistency in pack battery characteristics, the paper introduces a Battery-Pack Mean Difference-Method With Thermal-Electrical Coupled Model (BP-MDM-TEM). Thermal-electric coupling model describes the mean characteristics of battery pack, while the difference model quantifies variations among individual cells. A dual-time-scale method is employed to estimate State of Charge (SoC) of battery pack, reducing the computational load of the difference model.If the unique battery characteristics exceed system limits, a significant battery method is used to estimate SoC of pack battery. Building upon the BP-MDM-TEM framework,the paper employs the Improved Sage-Husa Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (ISH-AEKF) to estimate SoC, mitigating the impact of process and measurement noise on system estimation. A hardware test platform is established in this paper, with a lithium-ion battery pack as the research subject.Compared with the traditional MDM method, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of soc estimation of BP-MDM-TEM is improved from 0.992% to 0.468%, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is improved from 1.279% to 0.982%.
Internal structure of giant hail in a catastrophic event in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Farnell Barqué Carme , Rigo Tomeu , Martin-Vide Javier , Úbeda Xavier
Published: December 2024

Introduction

On 30 August 2022, a giant hail-bearing supercell hit Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula), producing stones 12 cm in diameter. This is the most severe episode ever recorded in the country. Seventy people were injured, resulting in one fatality; several buildings were severely damaged, which resulted in substantial financial losses (more than €6M).

Methods

In the present study, we analyze the stones collected during fieldwork to gather information on their growth processes. This analysis was conducted considering two lines of investigation. In this paper we focus on the innovative and never-before-used technique of the Computed Tomography Scan, which was utilized to analyze hailstones and their interiors, the outcomes were groundbreaking. It makes it possible to obtain a complete 3D view of the interior of the stone, without producing any alteration in the structure. Through this technology, the different layer densities have been quantified. This is the main novelty of the study and opens a promising door to more analyses in this field.

Results

The analysis has revealed some interesting results that help to verify previous theories. For instance, the nuclei can be placed far from the stone center, even if the hailstone is externally spherical.

Discussion

Besides, a thicker hailstone layer in one direction indicates the falling direction. Finally, the different layer densities show growth process variations.
Ecological risk and chemical speciation of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Pearl River Estuary for comprehensive assessment
Authors: Liu Zhiyan , Wu Qian , He Chao , Zhang Peng , Wang Xiaoqin , Luo Zifen , Yang Liaoyuan , Huang Chaoqing
Published: December 2024

The Pearl River Estuary, a vital ecological and economic zone in Southern China, has been heavily impacted by industrial discharges, leading to significant heavy metal contamination. To address the ecological implications of different chemical forms of heavy metals, this study systematically evaluated the total concentrations and chemical speciation of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in surface sediments (0–2 cm) collected from 17 sites. Chemical speciation was determined using a modified BCR sequential extraction procedure, and pollution and ecological risks were assessed via the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (RI), and risk assessment code (RAC). The results showed that all four metals exceeded background values, with Cd presenting the highest enrichment (39 times) and contributing 97% of the ecological risk. Speciation analysis revealed that Cd predominantly exists in bioavailable forms, posing severe ecological threats. This study highlights the urgent need for targeted remediation strategies to mitigate Cd contamination and its ecological impact on the estuary.
Determinants of stillbirth among mothers who gave birth at Bishoftu General Hospital, Ethiopia: using a Bayesian logistic regression model
Authors: Regassa Yeshi , Lemi Hunde , Charkos Tesfaye Getachew
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Stillbirth remains a major public health problem in developing countries due to low health coverage and services. Approximately two million stillbirths occur every year; in particular, stillbirths are highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. However, there is scarce information available in Ethiopia regarding the determinants of stillbirth.

Methods

A facility-based, unmatched case-control study was conducted at Bishoftu General Hospital from April 1 to April 30, 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select samples of the study subjects. The collected data were entered into Epi-info version 7.2. A Bayesian logistic regression model was used in this study, with a 95% Credible interval to determine the association between independent variables and stillbirth. All analyses were performed using STATA version 17 software.

Results

A total of 403 (81 cases and 322 controls) participants were included in the study. The average age of participants was 26 years (SD: ±5.03). According to the adjusted model, mothers who attained a middle school [adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.23; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.11, 0.43], diploma and above (AOR = 0.25; 95% CrI: 0.12, 0.46), rural residence (AOR = 2.55; 95% CrI: 1.11, 4.99), married women (AOR = 0.46; 95% CrI: 0.20, 0.93), ANC visits more than 4 (AOR = 0.35; 95% CrI: 0.17, 0.63), history of prior stillbirth (AOR = 8.71; 95% CI: 3.22, 17.69), previous history of abortion (AOR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.13, 7.666), duration of labor more than 24 h (AOR = 3.71; 95% CI: 1.28, 7.83); normal birth weight (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.57) were significantly associated with stillbirth.

Conclusions

This study revealed that maternal education, rural residence, marital status, history of prior stillbirth, ANC visit, previous history of abortion, duration of labor, and birth weight were identified as determinants of stillbirth. Pregnant mothers should be identified early and given appropriate care, including comprehensive prenatal care and other maternal services.
Anxiety, depression, and perceived wellbeing in antenatal women at risk of preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Worrall Semra , Christiansen Paul , Carlisle Naomi , Fallon Victoria , Khalil Asma , Shennan Andrew H. , Tribe Rachel M. , Carter Jenny , Silverio Sergio A. ,   The UK Preterm Clinical Network
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Women identified at risk for preterm may be vulnerable to developing mental health difficulties due to the increased likelihood of poor pregnancy outcome and uncertainty surrounding their delivery. Formal assessment of mental wellbeing in specialist preterm birth clinics is not routinely offered, but may offer the opportunity for early intervention.

Methods

We aimed to investigate if demographic characteristics and obstetric risk factors were associated with psychological wellbeing in women at risk of preterm birth. We explored associations between mental wellbeing and risk factors for preterm birth using hierarchical regression analyses.

Results

When demographic variables were considered alone, high body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with anxiety (p = .026), however became non-significant when obstetric risk factors were also considered. Previous late miscarriage was associated with high anxiety (p = .049). Lower maternal age at estimated date of delivery (p = .019) and non-European ethnic heritage (p = .029) were significantly associated with depression. High maternal BMI (p < .001), being of any other non-European ethnic heritage (p = .043), currently smoking (p = .002), and previous spontaneous preterm birth (p = .017) were associated with lower perceived wellbeing.

Discussion

The results of this study highlight the importance of routinely monitoring mental health in women with relevant risk factors, particularly if they are already at risk of preterm birth.
Modular (universal) CAR-T platforms in vivo: a comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Mohammad Afraa , Yurina Anna , Simonyan Tatiana , Chistyakov Daniil , Salman Rand , Zornikova Ksenia , Minina Elizaveta , Bogolyubova Apollinariya
Published: December 2024

Background

Modular (universal) CAR T-platforms were developed to combat the limitations of traditional CAR-T therapy, allowing for multiple targeting of tumor-associated antigens and the ability to control CAR-T cell activity. The modular CAR-T platform consists of a universal receptor (signaling module) that recognizes an adapter molecule on the soluble module, which is responsible for antigen recognition. Multiple platforms have been developed over the last 12 years, and some of them have entered the clinical trial phase. This systematic review seeks to evaluate the different parameters of modular CAR-T platforms performance in animal models.

Methods

A systematic search of literature in the PubMed database and in Google Scholar and BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine) search engines was performed according to predefined eligibility criteria. All studies conducted on xenograft mouse models with any variant of modular CAR-T platforms were included. Forest plots were generated for visual presentation of the extracted quantitative findings (standardized mean difference (SMD) and median survival rate (MSR)).

Results

A total of 33 studies employing 15 different modular CAR-T platforms were included. The platforms varied in terms of CAR-T cells, soluble module doses, and their frequency of administration. The studies showed a reduction in tumor burden and in tumor volume compared to the combined negative group. In comparison with the positive control group, there was no significant change in tumor burden or volume. In all the included studies the experimental group had a higher survival probability compared to the combined negative group at the study endpoint, with no significant difference in survival rate compared to the positive control group.

Conclusion

The modular CAR-T platforms are generally effective and are a valuable addition to the arsenal of CAR therapy.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023443984.
Association of dietary patterns with chronic respiratory health among U.S. adults
Authors: Li Hui , Tang XiaoLi , Guo XinWei , Zhang MingZhe , Zhang MingJie , Nie JiaQi , Fang SanYou , Zhang Hong , Shi Yuanmei , Dai Xiaorong , Li JiaQi , Yin Xin
Published: December 2024

Background

Respiratory health is closely related to immune system function, and diet can also influence immune homeostasis. Diet, an important part of a healthy lifestyle, is also linked to respiratory health. We aimed to explore the relationship between different dietary patterns and the risk of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), including chronic bronchitis (CB), emphysema, and asthma.

Method

A total of 23,042 adults from the United States were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset between 2007 and 2018. Diet quality was assessed using 2-day, 24-hour dietary recall data and quantified as the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020), the Dietary Inflammation Index (DII), the Mediterranean Dietary Index (MEDI), and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Index (DASHI). Binary logistic regression models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and the weighted quartile sum (WQS) models were used to assess the relationship between diet quality and the risk of CB, emphysema, and asthma.

Results

In logistic regression analyses of the four dietary indices with the three chronic respiratory diseases, it was consistently observed that higher dietary quality scores were linked to a reduced risk of respiratory disease. These consistent trends were also evident in the assessments of the dose–response relationship between dietary quality score and the risk of respiratory disease. Furthermore, evaluations of the combined effects of dietary components across different dietary indices in the risk of chronic respiratory disease yielded results consistent with the logistic regression models. Notably, high-quality protein, minerals, and fiber-rich fruits and vegetables emerged as the food groups making the most significant contributions to health across different dietary indices.

Conclusion

Low-quality diets, lacking in high-quality protein, minerals, and fruits and vegetables rich in dietary fiber, are associated with a higher risk of chronic respiratory disease, regardless of the dietary index used to measure diet quality.
Interaction between ischemia-reperfusion injury and intestinal microecology in organ transplantation and its therapeutic prospects
Authors: Lian Yong-qi , Li Peng-fei , Guo Yan , Tao Yan-lin , Liu Ya-nan , Liang Zhao-yu , Zhu Shu-fen
Published: December 2024

Organ transplantation is a vital intervention for end-stage organ failure; however, ischemia-reperfusion injury is a complication of transplantation, affecting the prognosis and survival of transplant recipients. As a complex ecosystem, recent research has highlighted the role of the intestinal microecology in transplantation, revealing its significant interplay with ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review explores the interaction between ischemia-reperfusion injury and intestinal microecology, with a special focus on how ischemia-reperfusion injury affects intestinal microecology and how these microecological changes contribute to complications after organ transplantation, such as infection and rejection. Based on a comprehensive analysis of current research advances, this study proposes potential strategies to improve transplant outcomes, offering guidance for future research and clinical practice.
Livelihood diversity and fishing skill during COVID-19 lockdowns in French Polynesia
Authors: Lauer Matthew , Wencélius Jean , Dawson Paige , Holbrook Sally J. , Lester Sarah E. , Miller Scott D. , Nelson-Maney Shannon , Rassweiler Andrew , Schmitt Russell J.
Published: December 2024

Small-scale fisheries provide seafood for billions of people and are one of the largest employers in many coastal communities. Those households engaged in these fisheries who maintain diverse income sources are generally thought to be better prepared to cope with social or ecological perturbations such as the crises presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. One outcome of the COVID-19 crisis was the collapse of international tourism after many nations instituted strict border controls to slow the virus’s spread, severely impacting coastal communities that depend on tourism-related employment. This research assessed the effects of COVID-19-induced collapse of tourism on small-scale coral reef fishers and households in Moorea, French Polynesia. Ninety-five households were surveyed about their livelihoods, fishing, demographics, and income-generating occupations before and after the lockdown. Shifts in fish biomass were evaluated using time series data collected through underwater visual surveys, and roadside fish vendors were surveyed to assess fish sales. Results showed that after tourism employment evaporated more Moorea households began fishing to boost their incomes and food security. However, the increase in fishing pressure showed no appreciable decline in the biomass of fishable species. The households responsible for the increased fishing activities were those who were working in the tourism economy prior to the pandemic and subsequently lost their jobs. Households that combined fishing with construction or other stable sectors showed greater abilities to cope, while those combining fishing with tourism were heavily impacted. Importantly, results showed that those households devoted solely to fishing managed the crisis adeptly due to their superior fishing skills and ecological knowledge. This pattern suggests that not all forms of household livelihood diversification confer equal advantages and that resource-dependent households are not necessarily intrinsically less resilient. More generally, it is argued that we should be cautious when promoting livelihood diversification as a blanket solution to decrease household vulnerability, and that ecological knowledge diversity is underappreciated.
Energy management in pump-controlled actuators
Authors: Costa Gustavo Koury , Sepehri Nariman
Published: December 2024

Pump-controlled actuators, or more generically, hydrostatic actuators, have the significant advantage of not relying on valves to control the cylinders. This results in much better energy usage compared to traditional valve-controlled systems. However, it is possible to further increase energy efficiency by storing load energy in motoring quadrants and subsequently releasing the stored energy back into the circuit or making it available for other applications. Much work is needed to practically study energy storage in hydrostatic actuators. In this note, we review the two basic ways hydraulic energy can be saved in circuits using accumulators, emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks. The review is followed by a brief description of the current research being carried out at the University of Manitoba in Canada. We aim to show that research in this field is promising and demonstrates that hydraulic power transmission can not only be made efficient but also be used to regenerate load energy that would otherwise go to waste.
The evaluation of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time among diabetic and healthy controls in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Getu Fasil , Alemayehu Ermiyas , Tesfaye Addisu , Genanew Birhanu , Walle Muluken
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. DM patients have a disturbance of hemostasis, leading to a prothrombotic state characterized by platelet hypersensitivity, coagulation factor disorders, and hypo-fibrinolysis. Therefore, the primary goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled Standard Mean Difference (SMD) of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of DM patients in Africa.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on the guidelines of the PRISMA. PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Dove Press, Cochrane Online, and African journals online were searched systematically. The qualities of the included studies were assessed by two independent reviewers using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Data were extracted in an Excel sheet and then exported to STATA version 11 for analysis. A Random-effect model was fitted to estimate the pooled SMD and Higgins I-square test statistics were done to test the heterogeneity of studies. Funnel plots analysis and Egger-weighted regression tests were done to detect publication bias.

Results

The pooled SMD of PT among DM patients in Africa was −0.18, (95% CI: −0.72, 0.36). The pooled SMD of APTT among DM patients in Africa was −0.48, (95% CI: −1.18, 0.21). There was no statistically significant difference in the SMD of PT and APTT among DM patients in Africa compared to healthy controls. The pooled SMD of APTT among Type 1 DM patients in Africa was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.04, 1.69) whereas the SMD among Type 2 DM was −0.42 (95% CI: −1.24, 0.40). The SMD of APTT in Type 1 DM and controls showed a statistically significant difference compared with Type 2 DM and controls (p = 0.041). The SMD of APTT in Africa that is determined using a case–control study design showed a statistically significant difference compared to the SMD that is determined using a comparative cross-sectional study design.

Conclusion and recommendations

Even though different studies conducted across African countries showed the presence of coagulation abnormality in DM, this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that there is no statistically significant SMD of PT and APTT in DM patients compared to healthy controls. However it is recommended that physicians routinely check APTT levels in Type I DM patients in order to evaluate coagulation status.
Helicobacter pylori infection and its impact on psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Yijiao , Deng Wenhui , Shi Chengzhi , Xie Jiaxin , Sui Daoshun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition characterized by immune-mediated inflammation. Recent research suggests a possible interaction between Helicobacter pylori infection and the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. However, over the past 5 years, no significant new evidence has clarified the relationship between H. pylori and skin diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between H. pylori infection and psoriasis through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched for articles published in databases including PubMed, Embase, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Web of Science up to January 1, 2024. Statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software.

Results

Our search yielded 271 papers. After rigorous screening by multiple reviewers, 15 studies involving 2,427 individuals were included. The odds ratio for H. pylori infection was significantly higher in the psoriasis group than in the control group (odds ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.40–2.68, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in H. pylori infection rates between Asia and Europe. The type of study also did not significantly affect infection rates. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected H. pylori infection at a significantly higher rate than the breath test. Furthermore, the prevalence of H. pylori infection differed significantly between patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and those with mild psoriasis.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a relationship between psoriasis and H. pylori infection, with variations observed based on geography, testing methods, and disease severity. These findings hold significant potential for guiding clinical practice.

Systematic review registration

http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, identifier CRD42022359427.