bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of baffle reflection and shadow in an integrating sphere on the total luminous flux measurement of a linearly-shaped lamp
Authors: Wasapinyokul Kamol , Chuwongin Santhad , Charoensook Ajchara
Published: December 2017

The measured total luminous flux of a linearly-shaped lamp by using the integrating sphere substitution method against a standard spherical lamp can be deviated from accurate by the presence of a baffle in the sphere. The baffle introduced two main effects on the sphere response: the baffle reflection, or high-signal region, and the baffle shadow, or low-signal region. Once the baffle condition changed, the two effects changed, causing the measured value to change differently regarding the lamp alignment. In the perpendicular alignment, increasing the baffle length increased the measured flux value. This was due to the dramatic increase in the magnitude of the signal in the baffle reflection behind the baffle. In a coaxial alignment, on the contrary, increasing the baffle length resulted in the decrease of the measured flux value. This was due to the increase in the area of the baffle shadow on the opposite hemisphere from the baffle, which increased at the higher ratio than the area of the baffle reflection. In both alignments, the measurement uncertainty increased with the baffle length due to the increasing magnitude of the signal fluctuations. The trends were similar for all linearly-shaped test lamps with different lengths and diameters.
Improved approaches of automated lung segmentation on digital tomosynthesis images
Authors: Tilk Bence
Published: December 2017

For lung screening the most common method is chest radiography, which produces summa­tion images without giving any depth infor­mation about the lung. Computed Tomography (CT) creates excellent slice images, which give volume data that makes CT a more sensitive nodule detection sys­tem. However, CT has disadvantages, it is too expensive and its x-ray emission is too high to be used as an everyday screening method. Digital tomosynthesis (DTS), as a relatively new chest imaging modality, can be posi­tioned between chest radiography and CT. While it produces slice images of the chest similarly to CT, its slice thickness is larger, it creates a bit more blurred slices, it has much lower radiation than CT. This blur­ring makes it hard to segment the lung areas automatically, which is essential for an efficient Computer-aided Diagnosis system. The paper proposes a com­bined method, which starts from a previously pub­lished approach, extends it using snake methods and adjacent images’ segmentation information to improve lung segmentation. Experiments show that the combination of methods reduces the incorrectly seg­mented lung region.
Performing accelerometer calibration using homodyne laser interferometry with displacements smaller than a quarter wavelength
Authors: Veldman Ian
Published: December 2017

Laser interferometry is a preferred method of realizing the National Measurement Standard for vibration by National Metrology Institutes. Laser interferometry is well documented and its detailed implementation described in ISO 16036, part 11. When employing Homodyne demodulation of the quadrature signals, the minimum peak to peak displacement is limited at a quarter of the wavelength, or half a circle when viewed on a lissajous plot. A novel technique is described to extend the vibration calibration frequency range from 10 kHz up to 20 kHz with an applied acceleration of 200 m/s². 
Identifikasi Pembayaran Bergerak (Mobile Payment) yang Mengganggu (Disruptive) di Indonesia
Authors: Mawarrini Robertta Indira
Published: December 2017

This research aims to identify disruptive mobile payment in Indonesia. Mobile payment as a sector of financial technology is enabling the lifestyle transformation of electronic banking. The future of retail banking is a smartphone experience that gladden and customers also aspire for a “bank in my pocket”. Mobile payment as the second sector most likely to be disrupted in the intersection of finance and technology industry. The promising approach of disruptive innovations is proposed by Professor Christensen from Harvard Bussiness School. They suggest that two strategies for identifying the new disruptive growth of business, as following: “creating a new market as a base of disruption” and “disrupting the business model from the low end”. Our research findings that mobile payment tends to replicate bank’s business model, its business model only espouse financial institution. Customers also desire their mobile payment have to the following three priorities: anytime and anywhere, fully digital (convenience), fast and accurate. When epicenter of disruption of mobile payment have been widely misunderstood and its basic principle frequently misapplied. Islamic mobile payment should be immediately developed in order to expand the coverage of Islamic financial services
Performance of an improved breed of common carp - Amur (Hungarian strain) in the North-eastern hill state of Meghalaya, India
Authors: Das S. K.
Published: December 2017

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) is an important fish species for aquaculture in the North-east hill region (NEH) of India. However, in recent years, the growth performance of the existing stock of common carp has been a major concern. In an effort to improve fish production from farmers’ ponds and to evaluate the performance of the breed in mid hill condition, a genetically improved breed of common carp, Amur (Hungarian strain) was introduced in Meghalaya in 2010. Fingerlings of Amur common carp (weight ~14.5 g and length ~10.5 cm), reared under mid-altitude conditions in the fish farm of the ICAR Research Complex for North-eastern hill (NEH) Region, Barapani, Meghalaya, attained maturity in about 14 months period. The first breeding trial with this newly introduced variety was conducted successfully in March 2011 when the atmospheric temperature ranged between 16.0-18.30C. The fertilised eggs hatched in 78-83 h (water temperature 19.0-22.80C and pH 6.5-6.8). Three year studies revealed that the performance of Amur common carp is superior over the local existing breed in farmers ponds under the mid hill conditions.
Growth performance, body composition and fatty acid profile of liver and muscle in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) fed algal meal incorporated diets
Authors: Patra S. K. , Mishra K. , Patro B. , Samantaray K. , Khuntia B. K. , Sahu B. , Tripathy M. K.
Published: December 2017

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of algal meal incorporated diets on the growth performance and fatty acid profile of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852). Control diet (Diet 1) for the study was formulated with rice bran, groundnut oil cake (GNOC) and soybean meal. Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous test diets (Diets 2 to 7) were prepared by incorporating (@40%) one of the four microalgae viz., Anabaena cylindrical (AN; Nostoc salbasa (NS); Spirulina platensis (SP) and Westiellopsis prolifica (WS) or with an algal meal mixture containing the above four algae plus the macroalgal species viz., Gracilaria edulis (GE) and Enteromorpha intestinalis (EI) mixed in equal proportions along with sunflower oil and cod liver oil (by totally replacing rice bran, GNOC and soyabean meal of the control diet) (AMM+O diet, Diet 6) and AMM without addition of oils served as AMM diet (Diet 7). The algal meal supplemented diets were tested against a control diet to find out their suitability for culture of tilapia fingerlings. The fish (av. wt. 2.8 ± 0.4 g) were fed up to satiation for 56 days at 28±20C. Significant (p<0.05) enhancement in growth was observed with AN (565.2%) diet followed by SP (500%) and WS (400%) compared to control (402.3%). The AN diet showed best performance in terms of feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and specific growth rate (SGR) while AMM diet showed least efficiency. Fish fed with SP diet showed better apparent net protein utilisation (ANPU%) as compared to other diets. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the liver and muscle decreased while monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids increased over their respective initial values in all the dietary groups except in groups fed with AMM+O and AMM. The n-6 level of liver and muscle increased with SP diets. Substantial increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n3) in fish fed with WS emphasised the benefits of its use as dietary ingredients for tilapia. The results clearly indicated that algae like AN and SP incorporated in tilapia diet significantly enhance growth and carcass protein, whereas WS helps to improve the levels of the essential n-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA).
Nutritional composition of different size groups of catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) from river Ganga
Authors: Mitra T. , Ganguly S. , Banerjee S. , Mahanty A. , Raman R. K. , Bhowmick S. , Mohanty B. P.
Published: December 2017

The freshwater catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) (Family: Bagridae) inhabits the tropical rivers and estuaries and contributes to the capture fisheries production in the Indian subcontinent. It enjoys high consumer preference as a valuable food fish due to its muscle texture, good taste and lesser intramuscular spines; however, basic nutritional information on the species is not available. In the present study, we report the proximate composition, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral composition of different size groups of R. rita. Proximate analysis showed that the fish is rich in protein and low in fat. The protein content (19.55%) was found to be the highest in medium size fishes. Leucine, phenylalanine and glutamic acid are the predominant amino acids in all size groups and leucine (18.67 g 100 g-1 protein) and glutamic acid (10.55 g 100 g-1 protein) contents were significantly high in medium size fishes. The macro-minerals potassium (13800 ppm) and phosphorous (14100 ppm) were significantly high in the medium size group, whereas calcium (1900 ppm) was highest in large size group. The micro-minerals iron and zinc were present in significantly higher amount in the medium size fishes. R. rita is important as a rich source of protein, essential amino acids (leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid) and micro elements (Zn, Fe). Comparative nutritional evaluation of different size groups showed that the medium size fish (weighing 500-800 g) were nutritionally superior to the other groups.
Description of trigger fishes (family: Balistidae) and file fishes (family: Monacanthidae) from Visakhapatnam coast of India with an account on first record of Paramonacanthus pusillus (Ruppell, 1828) from Indian
Authors: Padmavathi P. , Sujatha K. , Deepti V. A. Iswarya
Published: December 2017

The present paper provides a record of species of fishes of the two families Balistidae (Trigger fishes) and Monacanthidae. (file fishes) under Tetradontiformes. Trigger fishes are generally edible, except for some large specimens that are toxic as there were occasions where eating the flesh of these fishes had led to most virulent poisoning. In spite of abundance of file fishes in Indian waters, these species have been inadequately described. Balistidae was represented by seven species belonging to five genera : Abalistes, Balistes, Balistoides, Canthidermis, Odonus and Sufflamen and Monacanthidae by six species belonging to three genera Aluterus, Lalmohania and Paramonacanthus, in the catches of Visakhapatnam coastal waters. Of these Paramonacanthus pusillus (Ruppell, 1828) forms the first record from Indian waters, while Canthidermis maculata (Bloch, 1786),, Paramonacanthus japonicus (Tilesius, 1865) and Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (Bleeker, 1852) were recorded for the first time from Visakhapatnam, north of Chennai.
Reverse transcription-PCR assay for the rapid detection of viable Vibrio cholerae from fresh and processed shrimp
Authors: Jeyasekaran G. , Palanikumar M. , Varatharajakumar A. , Jeya Shakila R.
Published: December 2017

Viable Vibrio cholerae in seafood was rapidly detected by the Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay developed by targeting mRNA ctxA gene without any pre-enrichment. The PCR product size of the selected gene was 308 bp, which aided in the identification of V. cholerae. This RT-PCR assay was rapid, as it detected V. cholerae from fresh shrimp tissue within 5 min on bio-inoculation when the cell count was 1,000,000 cells. The pathogen was detected in 5 h when the load was 110 cells. The assay even detected the pathogen in shrimp that has been cooked for 10 min, frozen for 30 days and even in dried shrimp. Other food-borne pathogens like Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected by this assay. The developed RT-PCR assay is thus specific and rapid in detecting the viable Vibrio cholerae in seafood without any pre-enrichment.
Comparative economic performance of traditional and modernised fishmeal units in Veraval, Gujarat
Authors: Chandrasekar V. , Jeyanthi P. , Gopal Nikitha
Published: December 2017

Fish meal is an important feed ingredient produced from trash and low value fishes and is widely used in the poultry, aquafeed and agricultural sector. In addition to traditional sun dried product, modern fish meal is produced by modern fish meal plants. This paper presents a comparison of economic performance of fish meal units adopting the traditional and modern methods of fish meal production in Veraval, Gujarat. The study was conducted among 12 fish meal plants operating in Veraval. In the traditional method, the raw material is sourced from and nearby places within the state which is sun dried and then ground to produce fish meal. In modern fish meal units, through a mechanised production line, raw fish is steam-cooked, dried and finally ground to produce fish meal. Quality of the fish meal produced in the modernised units was found to be superior as compared to traditional fish meal. While sun dried fish meal fetches `20-30 kg-1, the fish meal produced in modern units is sold at `50-70 kg-1. Even though the initial investment and operational cost, which includes raw material, labour and other overheads is more in the modern method, the price realisation is almost double per unit of the product and the quality of the fish meal is also better than the traditionally produced one. The benefit cost ratio and net present value for modern method was also estimated to be higher.
Stock assessment of Bombayduck Harpodon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) from Gujarat coast using non-equilibrium production model
Authors: Mohammed Koya K. , Sreenath K. R. , Muktha M. , Dash Gyanranjan , Sen Swathipriyanka , Zacharia P. U. , Kumari Sonia , Makwana N. K. , Dhokia H. K. , Polera J. P. , Shiju P.
Published: December 2017

Bombayduck Harpodon nehereus, harvested mainly by dol nets (stationary bag nets), has been a prolific fishery in the northern region of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Biomass and maximum sustainable yield (MSY) estimates for the Bombayduck stock in the Saurashtra region were obtained from a non-equilibrium surplus production model approach utilising catch per unit effort (CPUE) time series derived from fish landing data. Fox model was found to be the most appropriate defining model and the results demonstrated that the stock is currently being overexploited.
Effect of varying protein levels on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844)
Authors: Ramesh R. , Dube K. , Reddy A. K. , Rangacharyulu P. V. , Venkateshwarlu G. , Jayasankar P.
Published: December 2017

Pengba, Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844) is considered as one of the candidate species for diversification of aquaculture. However, only scanty information is available on its nutrient requirements. Hence, the present study was conducted on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba fry in response to different dietary protein levels. Six semi-purified isocaloric diets were formulated with different levels of protein at 5% increments (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50%) and fed to different groups of pengba fry for a period of 60 days. Survival of fish was significantly influenced by different protein levels (p<0.05). The highest weight gain% and specific growth rate (4.17% day-1) was obtained at 45% protein level which thereafter declined. The best feed conversion ratio (1.46) was observed at 45% protein level and the highest protein efficiency ratio (2.14) was obtained at 25% protein levelwith significant difference (p<0.05). The crude protein content of fish was significantly affected by dietary protein levels (p<0.05) and highest was recorded at 45% protein diet. Moisture, ether extract and ash content did not show significant (p>0.05) variation among dietary treatments. The activity of proteolytic enzymes (proteases, typsin and chymotrypsin) and acid phosphatase were signicantly (p<0.05) enhanced by dietary protein levels up to 45%, which were found to decline thereafter. Amylase activity was significantly decreased as protein levels increased in the diet. Lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities were not influenced by dietary protein levels. In the present study, penbga fry fed with 45% protein diet, showed the best growth performance and highest digestive enzyme activities. The activity of digestive enzymes in the gut clearly demonstrated that the proteolytic enzymes are activated in response to dietary protein utilisation and also revealed that pengba fry may require high protein (45%) diet for better growth and survival. Second order polynomial regression analysis revealed that the maximum protein requirement of pengba fry was 45.1% (r2 = 0.90). The findings of the study is expected to have significant implications for feed development for pengba aquaculture.
Genotoxicity assessment of cadmium chloride in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) based on induction of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities
Authors: Jindal Rajinder , Verma Sakshi
Published: December 2017

The genotoxic potential of environmentally realistic concentrations of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was assessed in vivo using micronucleus assay on gill epithelial cells, erythrocytes of peripheral blood and cephalic kidney of Labeo rohita. Fish were exposed to two different concentrations (0.37 and 0.62 mg l-1) of CdCl2 for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In addition to micronuclei (MN), other nuclear abnormalities (NA) such as induction of nuclear bud (NBu) and fragmented-apoptotic (FA) cells were also evaluated for assessment of cytotoxicity of CdCl2. MN and NA frequencies in all the observed tissues were high in fish exposed to both the concentrations as compared to control. The frequency of MN was highest in the gill cells followed by erythrocytes of peripheral blood and cephalic kidney in fish treated with both the toxicant concentrations. However, thehigher concentration of CdCl2 caused significant (p<0.05) induction of MN after 48 h, while the lower concentration caused marked induction after 96 h of acute exposure. A concentration and time dependent elevation in MN and other NA frequency was noticed in all the three types of tissues tested. A three-fold increase in the occurrence of MN was observed in gill cells of the fish treated with CdCl2 at higher concentration as compared to that of lower concentration.
Authentication of commercially important tuna species landed in Tuticorin coast of Tamil Nadu, India by SE-AFLP method
Authors: Jeyasekaran G. , Arunkumar G. , Kumar P. Senthil , Shakila R. Jeya , Sukumar D.
Published: December 2017

Seafood serves as a valuable protein source for human population. Among the seafood, tuna is considered as one of the commercially important species worldwide. Five tuna species namely Euthynnus affinis, Auxis thazard, Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares and Thunnus obesus are commonly landed in the Tuticorin coast of Tamil Nadu. Among the five species, the exportable quality and grade of the meat is as follows: T. albacares> T. obesus> K. pelamis> E. affinis> A. thazard. In recent years, mislabeling is done by replacing high value tuna meat with low value tuna meat or with other low value fish meat to earn illegally. Usually, the species identification is done based on the morphological features, but this cannot be applied for the processed fish. PCR based identification methods have gained importance in the identification of fish species. PCR-AFLP is one of the molecular based methods, which can differentiate even closely related species. In this study, SE-AFLP method was employed to differentiate the above five tuna species viz., E. affinis, A. thazard, K. pelamis, T. albacares and T. obesus. Species specific AFLP marker was obtained in the primer combination of EcoR1 for fresh tuna. Band Sharing Index (BSI) analysis was also performed to find the similarities and variation among the five tuna species. AFLP profile of unknown tuna products was compared with the standard AFLP profile and the tuna species authentication was done by analysing BSI score.
Changes in the pattern of health beneficial omega 3 fatty acids during processing of sardine fish curry
Authors: Shalini R. , Jeya Shakila R. , Palani Kumar M. , Jeyasekaran G.
Published: December 2017

Sardine curry, a traditional Indian dish was prepared from Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) to examine the changes in fatty acid composition particularly of the omega 3 fatty acids, when subjected to cooking at varying time duration. The major fatty acids present in raw sardine were myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The dominant fatty acids in sardine curry boiled for 20 min and 30 min were lauric acid, myristic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid which might have leached from the ingredients such as coconut and the cooking oil used for curry preparation. There was a reduction in EPA and DHA in the sardine curry. The leaching of EPA and DHA from sardine pieces into the gravy was negligible. Sardine pieces in curry retained almost half of the EPA and DHA that are found in raw sardine even after boiling for 20 and 30 min respectively.
Comparative evaluation of baseline cleanliness of food contact surfaces in fishery based microenterprise units by ATP-Bioluminescence and conventional microbiological methods
Authors: Hassan F. , Nija K. V. , Sankar T. V.
Published: December 2017

The baseline cleanliness of food contact surfaces namely floor, working tables, workers’ hands, utensils and machinery of a fishery-based microenterprise were examined by traditional microbiological swab analysis method and ATP-bioluminescence method. The study showed that swab results, measured in relative light unit which is proportional to total recovered ATP, did not have significant correlation with standard method of microbiological swab in the adjacent sites of equal area. The study also examined the bactericidal efficiency of selected commercially available sanitisers and the effect of treatment was found to be significantly different from each other. Analysis of percentage reduction of bacterial load on food contact surfaces showed that commercially available stabilised hydrogen peroxide was more effective than sodium hypochlorite used in the food industries (p<0.05).
BUDIDAYA PADI DI LAHAN RAWA PASANG SURUT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENGGEREK BATANG PADI
Authors: Thamrin Muhammad , Asikin S. , Susanti M. A.
Published: December 2017

Rice cultivation in tidal swampland of South Kalimantan has been practiced by farmers in the long period and influences the population of rice stem borer. This paper describes rice cultivation in tidal swampland of South Kalimantan and its impact on injury level caused by rice stem borer. Land preparation by slashing and spinning the rest of rice crop and then left it to rot, can thwart rice stem borer larvae to become imago (adult). Seeding by transplanting several times can kill stem borer larvae, while cutting the leaves of rice seedlings before planting can reduce egg population of the pest. Rice husk ash application is also able to reduce plant damage caused by stem borer. Another factor that contributes to the decreasing level of plant damage due to the pest is the presence of “purun tikus” (Eleocharis dulcis) weeds. Rice stem borers are more interested in laying eggs in the weed than that in rice plant resulted in low damage of rice planted adjacent to “purun tikus” area. Abundant population of natural enemy in “purun tikus” area also effectively suppresses the development of rice stem borer.

Keywords: Rice, cultivation, rice stem borer, tidal swampland

ABSTRAK

Budi daya padi di lahan pasang surut Kalimantan Selatan sudah sejak lama dilakukan petani dan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan populasi dan tingkat serangan hama penggerek batang padi. Makalah ini menguraikan budi daya padi di lahan rawa pasang surut Kalimantan Selatan dan pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat kerusakan tanaman akibat penggerek batang padi. Penyiapan lahan dengan menebas sisa tanaman padi dan memintalnya kemudian membiarkannya membusuk dapat menggagalkan larva penggerek batang padi menjadi imago (dewasa). Pembibitan dengan cara tanam pindah yang dilakukan beberapa kali juga dapat mematikan larva penggerek batang padi. Sementara pemotongan daun bibit padi sebelum ditanam dapat mengurangi populasi kelompok telur hama tersebut. Pemberian abu sekam juga dapat menurunkan kerusakan tanaman akibat serangan hama tersebut. Faktor lain yang berkontribusi terhadap pengurangan tingkat kerusakan tanaman padi adalah keberadaan gulma purun tikus. Penggerek batang padi lebih tertarik meletakkan telurnya pada gulma tersebut dibandingkan pada padi sehingga kerusakan padi yang ditanam berdekatan dengan area purun tikus lebih rendah. Populasi musuh alami yang melimpah pada area purun tikus efektif menekan perkembangan hama penggerek batang padi.

Kata kunci: Padi, budi daya, penggerek batang padi, lahan rawa pasang surut
PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI PANEN HUJAN DAN ALIRAN PERMUKAAN: ANALISIS USAHATANI PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA AIR
Authors: Hamdani Adang , Talaohu Sidik Hadi , Heryani Nani
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Development of Rainfall and Runoff Harvesting Technology: Farming System Analysis of
Water Resources Utilization. Application of rainfall and runoff harvesting in dry land could be increasing the availability of water resources, extending the growing season, and reducing the risk of loss yield. To create a sustainable water management, farmers participation were needed in its management. The objectives of the research
were to study the impact of rainfall and runoff harvesting technology applications (channel reservoir) on farming system and to study the farmers perception on the existence of channel reservoir.The study was conducted in Limampoccoe village, Cenranae subdistrict, Maros distrisct, South Sulawesi province, from February to October 2012. The research was conducted by several steps namely: 1) the application of rainfall and runoff harvesting
technology through channel reservoir, 2) analysis of the farming system and assessment of the farmer perception on the existence of channel reservoir. Result of the research showed that rainfall and runoff harvesting technology have been increasing the cropping intensity by changing the previous cropping pattern from rice-fallow-fallow into ricepeanuts-
fallow and rice-watermelon-fallow. There was an increase in farmers' income after channel reservoir built and the farmers will be taken the responsibility to maintain the continuity of the channel reservoirs function.

Keywords: rainfall and runoff harvesting, cropping intensity, farmers’ income

ABSTRAK

Aplikasi teknologi panen hujan dan aliran permukaan di lahan kering dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan air, memperpanjang masa tanam, dan menekan risiko kehilangan hasil. Untuk menciptakan pengelolaan air berkelanjutan harus didukung peran serta masyarakat/petani dalam pengelolaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dampak aplikasi teknologi panen hujan (dam parit) terhadap usahatani dan melihat persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan dam parit. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Limampoccoe, Kecamatan Cenranae, Kabupaten Maros, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, pada bulan Pebruari sampai Oktober 2012. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui: 1) aplikasi pembangunan teknologi panen hujan dan aliran permukaan melalui dam parit, 2) analisis usahatani dan penilaian
persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan dam parit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi panen hujan dan aliran permukaan dapat meningkatkan intensitas tanam dari pola tanam padi-bera-bera menjadi padi-kacang tanahbera dan padi-semangka-bera, dengan demikian terdapat peningkatan pendapatan usahatani setelah pembangunan dam
parit. Petani merasakan manfaat dam parit dan merasa bertanggung jawab dalam menjaga kelangsungan fungsi dam parit.

Kata kunci: teknologi panen hujan, aliran permukaan, indeks pertanaman, pendapatan                       usahatani
ANALISIS FUNGSI KEUNTUNGAN PADA USAHATANI KEDELAI DI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Sahara Dewi Sahara , Oelviani Reni , Kurnia Ratih
Published: December 2017

ABSTRAK 

abstThe decline of harvested area and production of soybean in Grobogan District in period 2009 – 2013 were 10.48% and 5.12% per year, respectivelly. It was alleged related to the uncompetitive price of soybean at the farm level. This research aimed 1) to reveal the use and price of production input at the farm level and 2) to analyze the inputs price to the profit of soybean farming system. The research was conducted in Pulokulon District (Tuko and Sembungharjo Villages) and Gabus District (Gabus and Tlogo Tirto Villages) with survey method to 40 respondents from March to August 2014. The collected data were input and output of farming system, i.e land area, price of fertilizers, price of pesticides, wage of labor and price of soybean.  The data was analyzed using profit function. The result showing the production inputs that significantly affected the profit were the prices of fertilizers (Urea and Phonska), other costs and plantation areas; therefore, to develop soybean plants and increase the farming profits, it requires price guarantee of fertilizers and soybean and the introduction of soybean farming system technologies.

 

ABSTRAK
Penurunan luas panen dan produksi kedelai di Kabupaten Grobogan pada rentang waktu 2009 –2013 adalah 10,48% per tahun dan 5,12% per tahun. Penurunan tersebut diduga terkait dengan harga kedelai di tingkat petani yang kurang kompetitif. Penelitian bertujuan 1) mengungkapkan penggunaan dan harga input produksi di tingkat petani dan 2) menganalisis harga input produksi terhadap keuntungan usahatani kedelai. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Pulokulon (Desa Tuko dan Sembungharjo) dan Kecamatan Gabus (Desa Gabus dan Tlogo Tirto) Kabupaten Grobogan, Jawa Tengah. Pengkajian bersifat survei melibatkan 40 petani responden pada bulan Maret –Agustus 2014. Data yang dikumpulkan mencakup data input dan output usahatani, yaitu luas lahan, harga pupuk, pestisida, upah tenaga kerja, dan harga kedelai. Analisis data menggunakan fungsi keuntungan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa harga input produksi yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap keuntungan kedelai adalah harga pupuk Urea, pupuk Phonska, biaya lainnya, dan luas tanam. Dengan demikian, untuk mengembangkan tanaman kedelai dan
meningkatkan keuntungan usahatani diperlukan adanya jaminan harga pupuk dan kedelai serta introduksi teknologi usahatani kedelai.

Kata kunci: fungsi keuntungan, kedelai, input, output
Women a(t) Battlefield
Authors: Gërxhi MA. Albana
Published: December 2017

Sexual violence against women on the war setting has reached shocking dimensions being recorded as an intentional tool strategically used to achieve military objectives. A means to an end! This paper explores arguments on the evolving of the sexual violence into a weapon of war responsible for some of the most severe crimes. A picture of the legal provisions and the international legal instruments ruling over it is considered; shedding light on the history of an old crime with just some recent records on legal accountability. Historical facts and two cases of war rapes; respectively that of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo are analysed drawing remarks on how and why rape was an effective tool of war to achieve ethnic cleansing and territorial gain. Using a comparative approach between the cases it is argued that, despite the progress done on the recognition of sexual violence as a crime of war and crime against humanity, such aggression remains largely unpunished and not prosecuted.
Sound of Silence: Comparison of ICT and speech deprivation among students
Authors: Brkljačić Dr.Sc. Tihana , Pandžić MSc. Mario , Glavaš MSc. Dragan
Published: December 2017

The aim of the study was twofold: to describe self-reported habits of ICT use in every-day life and to analyze feelings and behavior triggered by ICT and speech deprivation.The study was conducted on three randomly selected groups of students with different tasks: Without Speaking (W/S) group (n=10) spent a day without talking to anyone; Without Technology (W/T) group (n=13) spent a day without using any kind of ICT, while the third group was a control group (n=10) and had no restrictions. The participants’ task in all groups was to write a diary detailing their feelings, thoughts and behaviors related to their group’s conditions.Before the experiment, students reported their ICT related habits. Right after groups were assigned, they reported their task-related impressions. During the experiment, participants wrote diary records at three time-points.All participants used ICT on a daily basis, and most were online all the time. Dominant ICT activities were communication with friends and family, studying, followed by listening to music and watching films.Speech deprivation was a more difficult task compared to ICT deprivation, resulting in more drop-outs and more negative emotions. However, participants in W/S expected the task to be difficult, and some of them actually reported positive experiences, but for others it was a very difficult, lonesome and terrifying experience. About half of the students in W/T claimed that the task was more difficult than they had expected, and some of them realized that they are dysfunctional without technology, and probably addicted to it.
The Brexit challenge for Britain and Europe
Authors: Boriçi Dr.Sc. Gjon
Published: December 2017

Since the membership of the Great Britain in the European Union in 1973, the relations of Britain with the institutions and member countries of the European Union have been correct. The greatest problem of the Great Britain remains beyond any doubt the delegation of its "independence" in the European Union’s structures. For the ultra conservatives was unimaginable that a country that has never been conquered (since the times of the Romans 55 B.C.) would deliver the proper sovereignty to a community of continental countries and above all to the Franco-German policies who, especially the last one, enjoys a great doubt among the British politics. The paper I present tries to explain the obstacles between British and European politics in historic, economic and diplomatic terms as well as the rise of skepticism among the European leaders themselves during the past decades following the end of the Second World War. In an academic approach, in this paper, between the research and comparative methods, I have been trying to get the maxims between European and British economy, politics and diplomacy in their efforts of affecting the policies of the European Union in the global era. Brexit of course represents the sharpest challenge of the moment for the Great Britain and the European Union in the global era.
Ecotourism and Ecolodge Accommodation
Authors: Bulatović Dr.Sc. Dragan
Published: December 2017

In ecotourism, as a specific form of tourism, conscientious individuals and groups participate, who by its influence on nature are trying to reduce effects produced by so called mass tourism. Ecotourism product should be developed on the contemporary tourism trends, with full respect of local specificity which represent commitment in regard to competitive destinations. Existence of receptive factors, such as facilities for accommodation, nutrition, entertainment and recreation, represent one of the basic prerequisites for the development of any ecotourism destination. Ecotourists seek accommodation which is ecologically acceptable, modest but cozy at the same time and provides unique experience in natural surroundings. In accordance with these demands protected areas all around the world offer its visitors high quality Ecolodge facilities, which are fully submerged into nature. During their construction and management strict criteria of protection of the environment are followed with optimal waste and energy management. Montenegro has enviable spacious potential for this kind of accommodation in protected areas, especially in its five national parks, so this form of accommodation has to find its place in the future development of tourism. Designing and construction of ecotourism facilities has to be strategically planned and the fact, that it is not enough just to have attractive location but also specific content it has to offer, has to be respected. Ecolodge facilities should be designed and built in accordance with traditional architecture and surrounding materials, to influence as little as possible on the environment and to use alternative energy sources. In other words, it is necessary to provide sustainability of these facilities.
Ethiopia: A Democratic Developmental State?
Authors: Gebremariam MA. Fesseha Mulu , Bayu MA. Abtewold Moges
Published: December 2017

The ruling Ethiopia People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in its notable second reform appraisal held in the aftermath of the 2005 national election concluded that the utmost priority of the government should be realizing fastest and sustainable economic growth that fairly benefits its citizens’ unless the very existence of the country wouldn’t be guaranteed. Given the history of poverty reduction in developing countries, particularly in Africa, EPRDF realized that it is unthinkable to eradicate poverty from Ethiopia adopting neo-liberalism. Above all, the miraculous economic transformation of the South East Asian countries like South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong has proved that there is another way to development, not just neo-liberalism. Accordingly, EPRDF, after examining South Korea’s and Taiwan’s history of economic development in particular where both countries have had a large section of rural population unlike Hong Kong and Singapore where both are urban, found ‘developmental state’ relevant to Ethiopia. However, unlike these countries which were originally under non-democratic regimes where their leaders fear the rural peasant and external aggression from their communist rivals, EPRDF has had a great support of rural and urban population with no imminent foreign threat(s), and decided to execute the ideology rather under the umbrella of democracy. Therefore, employing secondary sources, this desk study aims to analyze whether Ethiopia is a ‘democratic developmental state?’ And, concludes that given the practices of the government vis-a-vis the principles of democracy and developmental state, Ethiopia couldn’t be taken as best model for democratic developmental state, rather emerging developmental state.
PETA PERINGKAT AKREDITASI PERGURUAN TINGGI KEAGAMAAN ISLAM Sebuah Kajian Awal
Authors: Sururin S
Published: December 2017

Akreditasi adalah kegiatan penilaian untuk menentukan kelayakan Program Studi dan Perguruan Tinggi. Sampai saat ini peringkat akreditasi prodi PTKIS mayoritas C (1039 prodi), sebagian B (383 prodi) dan hanya  13 prodi yang memperoleh akreditasi A. Peringkat akreditasi program studi pada PTKIN lebih baik di bandingkan dengan PTKIS, akan tetapi  jauh di bawah PTN. Data dari BAN PT per 6 Agustus 2016 menunjukkan 169 prodi terakreditasi A,  718 prodi memproleh nilai B, dan masih  terdapat 299  nilai akreditasinya C.

Sampai saat ini baru 3 institusi yang kerakreditasi A, sebagian besar institusi (28 PTKIN) terakreditasi  B, dan terdapat 19  institusi terakreditasi C.  Dari seluruh jumlah PTKIN, 5 diantaranya belum diakreditasi. Kondisi tersebut lebih baik, dari pada PTKIS.  Belum ada satu pun institusi PTKIS yang terakrediatsi A, baru 7 perguruan tinggi yang mendapatkan nilai B, dan mayoritas,  140 PTKIS  mendapatkan peringkat akreditasi C. Menurut data Diktis, terdapat 627 institusi, dan  147 yang terakrediatsi. Berarti terdapat 480 institusi yang belum mengajukan akreditasi. Meurut peraturan yang ada, tahun 2019 seluruh institusi harus sudah terakreditasi agar bisa beroperasi.

Akreditasi eksternal yang dilakukan oleh BAN PT merupakan cerminan dari mutu pendidikan tinggi. Masih rendahnya akrediatsi program studi dan institusi, khsuusnya  PTKIS, dibutuhkan kemauan politik serta kebijakan yang memihak untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan tinggi. Perlu strategi khusus untuk mengatasinya. Dua hal yang harus dikuatkan adalah SPMI (Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Internal) dan data PD DIKTI (Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Dikti), oleh karena ke depan akreditasi berbasis pada SPMI dan PD DIKTI.
Determination of biocoagulant dosage for water clarification using developed neuro-fuzzy network integrated with user-interface-based calculator
Authors: Oke E. O. , Jimoda L. A. , Araromi D. O.
Published: December 2017

This study is aimed at developing a neuro-fuzzy model with the Matlab Graphical User Interface (GUI) for calculating the biocoagulant quantity needed for turbid water clarification. A neuro-fuzzy network (NFN) was developed for three different levels (low, medium and high) of turbid water. Experimental turbid water bioclarification data were used, in the Matlab environment through a sub-clustering neuro-fuzzy function, for modelling NFN. The network consisted of four inputs (untreated water turbidity, untreated water pH, settling time as well as treated water turbidity) and Mango Kernel Coagulant (MKC) dosage as the output variable. The best NFN architectures that produced minimum percentage error were considered for biocoagulant dosage calculator GUI development and implementation. The experimental data and results obtained from the NFN-GUI calculator were compared; and the prediction of the dosage has Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as well as correlation coefficient ranges of 0.01–0.10 and 0.93–0.99 respectively. The high correlation coefficient found in this study indicates that the NFN-GUI calculator is a perfect match with the traditional jar-test calculator. Therefore, the Matlab-based calculator template is able to predict the biocoagulant quantity needed in a community water bioclarification treatment unit.
Cardiac surgery in Siberia: present and perspectives
Authors: Bogachev-Prokophiev A. , Sapegin A. , Karaskov A.
Published: December 2017

Cardiovascular surgery, like any science, is continually evolving. The main characteristics of its development are the availability of care to the population and decreasing of morbidity and mortality. To this end, Russia has established a system of reporting, which is implemented through the activities of the chief experts. According to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the Siberian Federal District in terms of reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease is one of the best in Russia. The review presents data from the annual report of the chief cardio-vascular surgeon of the Siberian Federal District.Received 1 December 2017. Accepted 4 December 2017.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
A successful outcome of treatment in a patient with a spleen artery aneurysm complicated by bleeding in pseudocyst of the pancreas
Authors: Halturin I. , Sergeev S. , Achmetzyanov R.
Published: December 2017

A pseudoaneurysm is a rare and potentially dangerous vascular complication of acute pancreatitis, with a mortality of 20–43% in untreated patients. Its treatment includes embolization or surgical resection. A clinical case of a 39-year-old patient, with a history of chronic pancreatitis, pseudocyst of the tail of the pancreas, as well as a false aneurysm of the splenic artery detected by means of computed tomography of abdominal organs with contrast is presented. A two-stage surgical procedure was performed. The patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition. This case shows a successful use of diagnostic techniques, as well as a stage-by-stage approach to surgical treatment of this pathology.Received 20 April 2017. Accepted 7 June 2017.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributionsConception and study design: I.V. HalturinData collection and analysis: I.V. HalturinDrafting the article: I.V. HalturinResources: I.V. Halturin, S.A. Sergeev, R.G. Achmetzyanov Critical revision of the article: S.A. Sergeev, R.G. AchmetzyanovFinal approval of the version to be published: I.V. Halturin, S.A. Sergeev, R.G. Achmetzyanov
Reducing Crosstalk Induced Delay and Peak Noise in Carbon Nanotube Interconnects
Authors: Sathyakam Piratla Uma , Mallick Partha S.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Crosstalk will be a major concern in future nano ICs where the components
will be scaled down to a few nanometers. In particular, modeling of CNT based interconnects shows
that they will suffer from crosstalk when fabricated at smaller technology nodes.

Objective:

This paper presents reduction of crosstalk and noise in CNT bundle interconnects. We propose
the use of small diameter semiconducting CNTs (s-CNTs) as electromagnetic interference (EMI)
shields for CNT bundle interconnects.

Methods:

The coupling capacitance of the proposed CNT bundle structure shows that crosstalk can be
reduced significantly by using small diameter s-CNTs. We perform SPICE analysis to show the reduction
in crosstalk and peak noise.

Results:

The proposed bundle geometry reduces 46% crosstalk induced delay and 23% output peak
noise as compared to conventional CNT interconnects.

Conclusions:

Small diameter semiconducting CNTs can be used as EMI shields to reduce crosstalk and
noise in CNT interconnects.
Prospective Pilot Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Ingenol Mebutate Gel for Localized Patch/Plaque Stage Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Lebas Eve , Castronovo Charlotte , Arrese Jorge E. , Libon Florence , Tassoudji Nazli , Seidel Laurence , Nikkels Arjen F.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Mycosis Fungoides (MF) is the most frequent type of the primary cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphomas. Ingenol mebutate (IM) displays in vitro pro-apoptotic properties on neoplastic lymphocytes.

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of IM gel as topical treatment for MF.

Materials and Methods:

Ten male patients with longstanding classic type MF (n=9) and follicular MF (FMF; n=1), T2bN0M0B0, stage Ib, resistant to systemic methotrexate or acitretin therapies for at least 3 months, were included in this pilot study. In these patients, 11 target patch/plaque stage lesions with an area ≤ 25 cm2 were selected for IM therapy (0,05%, 2 weekly applications). The primary endpoint was the improvement of the CAILS scores. Biopsies were performed before and after treatment from 10 target lesions. Relapse rates were evaluated at 6 months.

Results:

The mean CAILS score of treated target lesions was reduced by 58.2%. The mean erythema, scaling and plaque elevation scores were improved by 73.6%, 93.9% and 97.9% (p<0.0001), respectively, while the lesion size remained unchanged (p=0.34). A complete or partial clearance of histological and immunohistochemical features was observed in 6/10 (60%) and 4/10 (40%) of the MF or FMF target lesions, respectively. Monoclonal TCR rearrangement was evidenced in 100% (7/7) of the patients and in 3/7 (43%) after treatment. The relapse rate at 6 months was 18%. All the patients experienced burning sensations, oozing and crusting.

Conclusion:

IM gel warrants further investigation and development as a potential topical treatment for localized patch/plaque stage MF and FMF.