bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poza linią frontu Łódź końca 1914 roku – wybrane refleksje
Authors: Daszyńska Jolanta Alina
Published: April 2019

W artykule zostało ukazane życie mieszkańców Łodzi jesienią 1914 r. Najpierw, gdy wojna toczyła się daleko, a następnie, gdy front przesunął się wokół miasta. Kilkakrotne ucieczki i powroty rosyjskich władz prowadziły do chaosu, paniki i dezorientacji łodzian. Miasto było także świadkiem kilkakrotnego wkroczenia wojsk niemieckich w chwili, gdy, co prawda, toczyła się wojna, ale nie rozpoczęła się jeszcze jedna z najcięższych batalii, znana jako operacja łódzka. Rozporządzenia władz rosyjskich stawały się coraz bardziej rygorystyczne, wprowadzano kary i zapowiadano ich wykonywanie przez sądy wojskowe. Łodzianie próbowali uciekać w kierunku Warszawy, ale nie zawsze było to możliwe z uwagi na przejęcie pociągów na cele wojskowe. Nie działała poczta i telegraf, przez co Łódź była odcięta od świata. Brakowało również żywności, opału i pieniędzy. Rolę samorządu, gdy nie było rosyjskiej administracji, zaczął pełnić utworzony przez fabrykantów Główny Komitet Obywatelski. Walki wokół Łodzi zakończyły się 6 grudnia 1914 r. przegraną Rosjan i wycofaniem się wojsk rosyjskich. Niemcy przejęli miasto i region, wprowadzając swoją administrację i porządki, które trwały aż do 1918 r.
Kwatermistrzowskie zabezpieczenie oraz materiałowo-techniczne zaopatrzenie oddziałów polskich na Syberii (1918–1920)
Authors: Radziwiłłowicz Dariusz
Published: April 2019

Latem 1918 r. w czasie walk toczonych na Powołżu i Syberii przez oddziały Korpusu Czechosłowackiego i „białych” Rosjan z bolszewikami zostały tam utworzone polskie formacje zbrojne. W październiku 1918 r. miejscem stałej dyslokacji wojsk polskich stał się Nowonikołajewsk nad rzeką Ob. Na przełomie 1918 i 1919 r. zdołano sformować oddział w sile dywizji. Pod koniec 1918 r. w początkowym okresie formowania oddziałów wojska polskiego, zaopatrzenie w prowiant, furaż i umundurowanie zgodnie z zawartym porozumieniem z Filią Czesko-Słowackiej Rady Narodowej (FCz-SRN) odbywało się za pośrednictwem komórki kwatermistrzowskiej Korpusu Czechosłowackiego. W celu usprawnienia rozdziału przekazywanych dla wojsk polskich materiałów zaopatrzeniowych zorganizowano przy Dowództwie Wojsk Polskich we wschodniej Rosji polską służbę kwatermistrzowską. Założono składy żywności i materiałowe, warsztaty krawieckie, szewskie, wydzierżawiono też piekarnię parową. Odrębnym problemem było stworzenie od podstaw służby zdrowia.W czerwcu 1919 r. polskie oddziały wzięły udział w walkach w obronie magistrali transsyberyjskiej. Wobec stale pogarszającej się sytuacji wojska sprzymierzonych rozpoczęły ewakuację na wschód, 5 Dywizja Strzelców Polskich (DSP) otrzymała rolę straży tylnej. Największą bitwę z regularnymi bolszewickimi oddziałami dywizja ta stoczyła 23 grudnia 1919 r. o węzłową stację Tajga. 10 stycznia 1920 r. dowództwo polskie wbrew opinii części oficerów zdecydowało o kapitulacji oddziałów polskich.Część oficerów i żołnierzy, która nie pogodziła się z kapitulacją, przebiła się do Harbinu. Z ocalałych żołnierzy sformowano tu batalion. Dzięki staraniom Polskiej Wojskowej Misji z gen. Antonim Baranowskim na czele, która w lutym 1920 r. przybyła z Polski na Daleki Wschód, zorganizowano powrót batalionu do kraju na statku „Yaroslavl”.
Świetlice żołnierskie – rola i zadania w systemie wychowawczym żołnierzy (1918–1939)
Authors: Dobrowolski Piotr
Published: April 2019

Świetlice żołnierskie funkcjonujące w każdej jednostce przedwojennego Wojska Polskiego były instytucjami powszechnymi. Ich zadaniem było zapewnienie rozrywki w czasie wolnym od zajęć służbowych. W prezentowanym artykule autor skupił się na ukazaniu świetlic żołnierskich jako miejsca edukacji żołnierzy Wojska Polskiego w II Rzeczypospolitej. Główny nacisk został położony na metodykę wykorzystania świetlic, będących ówczesnym miejscem pracy oświatowej i wychowawczej. Zaprezentowano założenia programowe pracy oświatowej oraz rolę świetlicy w procesie wychowawczym.
Zmiany biegu koryta Krasnej (Świętokrzyskie) w oparciu o dane kartograficzne i geologiczne
Authors: Kalicki Tomasz , Fularczyk Karolina
Published: April 2019

Celem opracowania jest rozpoznanie zmian koryta Krasnej na całej długości w ostatnich stuleciach w oparciu o dostępne materiały kartograficzne. Dodatkowo, w ujściowym odcinku (około 2 km), w którym stwierdzono na mapach największe zmiany, zweryfikowano zmiany kartograficzne wykonując tu kartowanie geomorfologiczne i geologiczne osadów czwartorzędowych. Krasna położona jest w północnej części województwa świętokrzyskiego na obszarze Wyżyn Polskich. Jest lewobrzeżnym dopływem Czarnej Koneckiej o długości 28 km. Jej zlewnia o powierzchni 121 km2 znajdowała się w Staropolskim Okręgu Przemysłowym. W przeszłości, a zwłaszcza od XIX wieku, Krasna była jedną z najbardziej „pracowitych” rzek SOP-u. Wody dolnego odcinka Krasnej napędzały koła wodne urządzeń przemysłowych od Krasnej do Starej Wsi. Działalność kuźnic i młynów przyczyniła się do zmian biegu koryta rzeki Krasnej, widocznych na materiałach kartograficznych, jak i w morfologii i osadach. Na początku lat 30. XX wieku pozostałości po fabrykach zostały przekształcone w młyny wodne. W późniejszych latach budynki młynów przekształcono w tartaki istniejące do połowy XX wieku. Na równinie zalewowej zachowały się pozostałości po hutnictwie żelaza, jak kanały i wały, a w osadach żużle czy fragmenty cegieł. W ostatnich dziesięcioleciach, wraz z upadkiem przemysłowej aktywności, rozpoczęły się w obrębie doliny i w korycie Krasnej procesy renaturalizacji, a rzeka powróciła do swego naturalnego biegu.
Stanisław Laskowski (1933–2018)
Authors: Tołoczko Wojciech
Published: April 2019

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Mengapa Kepercayaan Diri Mempengaruhi Kemampuan Menulis Kreatif Siswa?
Authors: Gunawan Himan Muttaqin , Aziz Rahmat
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara kepercayaan diri dengan kemampuan menulis kreatif siswa. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 73 siswa Madrasah Aliiyah Negeri 2 Bogor. Metode pengumpulan data adalah skala kepercayaan diri, sementara metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk variabel kemampuan menulis kreatif menggunakan tes menulis kreatif. Hasil analisis menunjukan adanya  hubungan positif antara kepercayaan diri dengan kemampuan menulis kreatif, semakin tinggi tingkat kepercayaan diri maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat kemampuan menulis kreatif. Variabel kepercayaan diri mampu menjadi prediktor bagi tinggi rendahnya kemampuan menulis kreatif sebesar 6,1%.
Fear and Anxiety as a Part of Women’s Spatial Stories in the City
Authors: Bagina Yana A.
Published: April 2019

This paper considers women’s fear of male violence experienced in motion. The topic has been developed in the Anglo-American feminist geography and criminology in the 1970–90s. I attempt to describe urban contexts of fear of male violence considering women everyday mobility. As theoretical framework I use work by geographer Doreen Massey, supplemented by ideas from emotional geography and sociology of emotions. I collected 10 semi-structured interviews with young women aged 18 to 25 years old. All of them are residents of non-central districts of Moscow and Moscow region. The analysis includes two parts. In the first part I try to draw the line between fear and anxiety as close but different emotions. I also talk about construction of women’s fear of a male violence and different agents involved in the social construction of threats. In the second part I describe conjunctions of spatial histories as gender orders, in which women’s fears are reproduced regardless of actual male threat. I consider conjunctions of material environment (streets, transport, lighting, etc.), human stories (“not suspicious people”, “suspicious people”, “companions”), natural stories (time of day) as fluid, unstable and situational. I conclude that it hardly can be any “formula of women’s fear”. Fear and anxiety significantly affect women’s spatial stories. I give examples of coping strategies women take to change the geometry of power within such gender orders.
Comment on national commemoration regimes
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaya Elena Yu.
Published: April 2019

In that comment author discusses the role of military monuments as special “places of memory”, which are often in the focus of public discussions and the struggle of various social groups for the right of commemoration and the interpretation of history.
The development in children of preschool age artistic abilities to create the image of a man in portrait painting
Authors: Karpova Svetlana , Savenkova Tatyana , Parkhimovich Zarina
Published: April 2019

The urgency of the problem of artistic abilities development of preschool age children in the process of creating an image of a person in drawing a portrait due to the high potential of this activity. In the course of acquaintance with the works of portrait art and teaching the image of a person in drawing a portrait, the child's ideas about the world of people, their characters and rela-tionships, about himself and his place in society are enriched, which contributes to the positive perception of the child himself, adults and peers, and thus affects the process of positive socializa-tion. The aim of the study is to identify the structure and content characteristics of the main com-ponents of artistic abilities to create an image of a person in drawing a portrait, to determine the actual level of their development among seven year old children, to develop a model of gradual formation of artistic abilities of senior preschoolers in the educational process.
Demographic behavior and family life of military veterans in the Russian Empire in the 18th–19th centuries
Authors: Shcherbinina Yuliya , Nevzorov Evgeniy
Published: April 2019

We consider the features of demographic behavior, family and marital life of the representatives of the military class, which includes recruits, lower ranks soldiers, retired soldiers, and soldiers on indefinite leave, service-disabled veterans and members of their families: soldiers’ wives, soldiers’ children – cantonists and soldiers’ daughters. On the basis of involvement of a wide range of archival and published sources and materials we reconstructed family experience and marriage behavior of military veterans in the Russian Empire in the 19th century. We also identify social and legal, estates, domestic conflicts and trends that defined marriage rate, family structure of military veterans. Demographic positions and statistical errors in the calculation of representatives of the military class in the Russian province are clarified. We give a detailed historiographical assessment of the study of the daily and family life of military veterans, as well as the care system for the families of retired and soldiers on indefinite leave, as well as service-disabled veterans. Conclusions are made about the prospects of studying this scientific problem in the works of domestic and foreign historians, demographers, regional researchers, as well as the uni-queness of family and marriage relations among the representatives of the military class in the era of modernizing Russia.
Trends of open education system development
Authors: Chvanova Marina , Kiseleva Irina
Published: April 2019

We studied the trends in the development of an open education system. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to develop an open education system in the context of improving Internet technologies, as well as from the standpoint of changing pedagogical views on learning technologies, taking into account new forms of socialization of young people in the Internet space. We examine the development trends of the open education system in the context of changing the elements of the pedagogical paradigm in the conditions of the information society and the dynamics of the development of information technologies themselves. Both contexts have a significant impact on the development of an open education system and allow us to come to the formulation of its new development tendencies: personification of educational environments according to professionally-oriented needs; development of methods for the natural retention of students in the environment of educational content; integration of different environments for learning purposes; inclusion in the content of the tasks of the formation of new competencies of specialists in high-tech industries for the innovation economy; orientation on innovative joint project activities. The studied development trends of the open education system of the educational process are considered as characteristic trends in the emergence of new opportunities in the field of education at the present stage of development of society.
“Physically defective children” and their care in the first third of the 20th century: the regional aspect
Authors: Shcherbinin Pavel
Published: April 2019

We systematically study the practice of social protection of children with hearing and vision disabilities, as well as other categories of “physically defective” children and adolescents in the Tambov Governorate in the first third of the 20th century. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials, first of all, periodicals, archival sources, memories, statistical data, various little-known aspects of the claimed scientific problem were studied. We summarize the domestic and foreign experience of studying the social security system of “special” children in provincial Russia. The variants of social care for children with disabilities, including in the context of charitable activities, have been clarified. The legal aspects of the regulation of physical and social defectiveness during the Soviet period are specially considered. The main stages of the charitable and public initiative to support children with disabilities are identified. Attention is drawn to the impact of the First World War of 1914–1918, revolutionary upheavals, Civil War, regional specificity and the specific historical manifestations of the care of these “special” children at the level of a particular region – Tambov Governorate. The influence of regional trends on education and training, as well as the subsequent socialization of children with hearing and vision disabilities is clarified. It is proved that the new economic policy has had a powerful negative impact on the entire system of social security of orphans, children’s homes, in fact eliminating all the positive developments and experience that has developed in the Tambov Governorate.
Female students pulse response on individual steps of step-aerobics
Authors: Kuzmenko Marianna , Boldyreva Vera , Lebedeva Yana
Published: April 2019

Health training based on aerobic exercise continues to occupy a leading position in modern fitness. Among them, aerobics on step-platforms occupies a special place. It is proved po-
sitive influence of step aerobics on the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, etc. It is important when doing any kind of aerobics to watch over students. The value of heart rate is one of the most objective indicators of the body’s response to stress. The problems of load management during the step aerobics classes both by the instructor and by the students themselves remain relevant. We detected pulse response of students in the individual steps of step aerobics performed on the steppes of in different heights and with different amplitudes of hand movements. Low heart rate was observed when performing steps on a low degree without hand movements (with the exception of Mambo), the highest rates – on a high degree with hand movements of large amplitude. The greatest increase in heart rate is observed when performing steps Chasse, Cha-cha-cha, Lift side, the smallest – V-step, Mambo, Basic step. However, the performance of all the selected steps on the lower step with the movements of the hands of the average amplitude gave a larger increase of the pulse response than if these steps are performed on a high degree without the hand movements. It is proved that a greater increase in heart rate leads to the addition of hand choreography of different amplitudes than the increase in the height of the step. In this regard, it can be noted that many instructors do not deservedly pay little attention to the choreography of hand movements, adjusting the intensity only with the help of changing the height of the step. Knowledge of the pulse reaction of those engaged in various steps of step aerobics will allow the instructor to plan and adjust the load more accurately in the classroom.
Protective strategy of coping in the former male and female athletes social rehabilitation process
Authors: Starov Mikhail , Kulichenko Raisa , Osmanov Esedulla
Published: April 2019

We discuss modern unexplored problem of life. The purpose of our scientific research is to find ways and means to help former female and male athletes who find themselves in difficult situations after active sports, and to assist them in becoming subjects of their future life, that is fully rehabilitated in the Russian society. In connection with the tasks we have clarified and presented in the causes, according to which the subjects were in a situation of stress. Further, the strategies of psychological protection of coping with former persons of different sex, age, individ-ual psychological characteristics, previously engaged in sports in the process of their social reha-bilitation are considered and defined. The novelty of the work is that the study was conducted on the example of former female and male athletes at the present stage of development of the Russian society and the role of sport in the formation of personality.
Soldiers’ children in legislation and law enforcement practice in Russian Empire of 18th–19th centuries
Authors: Nevzorov Evgeniy
Published: April 2019

We consider historical and legal aspects of social and class status of minor members of “military class”: soldiers’ children, recruit’s children, soldiers’ daughters. These children had special status in legislation and law enforcement practice in Russian Empire in 18th–19th century as they were born in the families of recruits, lower ranks soldiers during their service in Russian army, retired soldiers, soldiers on indefinite leave and service-disabled veterans. On the basis of wide range of archival and published materials we reconstructed the legal regulation and social characteristics of “military offspring” in military forces and civil society. We also reveal recorded in primary archival documents and legal acts social and legal, class and household collisions and trends, which determined life and destiny of “military children”. We clarify statistical uncertainties, which occurred during estimation members of military class – soldiers’ children – in Russian province. We also give detailed historiographic assessment of studying legal status of cantonists and soldiers’ daughters. We conclude about the prospects of studying this scientific problem by domestic historians, as well as the presence of primary archival documents, which are waiting for the introduction into scientific circulation. It is proved that the category of “soldiers’ children” was not only a subject, but was often the object of Russian legislation, this category also made it possible to successfully defend their rights. We reveal features of transformation of the former cantonists into professional soldiers, and also their role in military and social history of the Russian Empire of the considered chronological period.
Archival description of cases of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department as a source for studying the activities of the railway police (1869–1916)
Authors: Petrykin Nikolay
Published: April 2019

We highlight the need to study the activities of gendarme police departments of railways on the basis of reliable sources and versatile approaches. We made a structural analysis of the archive inventory of the affairs of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department of the Moscow Gendarme Police Department of railways for the period of 1869–1916. The basic directions and some features of the organization of service of the gendarme railway police are revealed. A longitudinal study of the clerical work allowed us to see in the dynamics of meaningful practice, to identify the subjects of the system of relations between the railway gendarmes, their role and place in the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire. In classifying cases of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department by the institutional criterion, a retrospective assessment of the activities of railway gendarmes was given. On the basis of the obtained statistical data, critical conclusions were drawn up about the social processes that took place in Russian society in the post-reform period. Studying the cases of the model department of one of the gendarme police departments of railways allowed to draw conclusions about the role of the railway gendarme police units of the lowest level in the overall implementation of police and special functions, including in solving administrative issues, interacting with various officials, employees of railways, citizens.
Patrimonial bureaus procedures of the landlord farms in Russia during the second half of the 19th – early 20th century: the documentation structure
Authors: Zhitin Ruslan , Topilskiy Aleksey
Published: April 2019

The relevance of the study lies in the insufficient development in the domestic historiography of the problem of patrimonial bureau procedures in landlords farms, and the need to consider the features of a large market economy with the possibility of referring to the experience of the past. We analyze the composition of patrimonial documentation of landlord’s estates of the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The characteristic of opinions of some researchers of this problem is given. The legislative aspects of the Russian Empire regulating paperwork in landowner farms are developed. We highlight the features of the Italian form of double-entry bookkeeping, features of the information documentation by industrial associations of landlords. It is established that all (without exception) entries in the documents were based on the provisions of the ordinances of income and cash flow, announcements, powers of attorney, declarations, briefs, petitions, notifications, etc. We present the order of employment (from employees’ side) and the involvement of employees in manufacturing (from employers’ side) at the owners’ farm, we also characterize the processes that affect their economic development. On the basis of the deposited materials there is a possibility of the complex analysis of trade and comparative communications of landowners, studying the main stages and results of modernization of complexes, identification of terms of depreciation of the businessmen’s expenses.
Content design of foreign language academic programmes for students at the musical universities
Authors: Maksaev Artur
Published: April 2019

Foreign language teaching to students of non-linguistic programmes, including musical institutions of higher education, is aimed at the development of foreign language communicative competence in the social, social and cultural communication spheres, as well as internal specialization. The content of the discipline “Foreign Language for Professional Communication” should reflect the specifics of the future professional activity of graduates of a particular programs and a specialty, and, thus, is aimed at forming a number of general cultural professional and professional competencies. The curricula analysis of a foreign language in musical universities indicates that in practice there is one single academic program in a foreign language for students, regardless of the programme. In practice, this ignores the internal specialization of the discipline “Foreign Language for Professional Communication”. We examine and develop: a) the main approaches to learning a foreign language for professional communication at the university (“Foreign Language for Special Purposes”, “Content and language integrated learning” and “Teaching specialized dis-ciplines in a foreign language”); b) analysis of studies on the selection of the subject content of curricula in a foreign language for professional communication; c) the author’s content of the dis-cipline “Foreign Language for Professional Communication” for students of the three programmes of a musical university: 53.03.02 – “Musical and instrumental art”, 53.03.03 – “Vocal art” and 53.03.04 – “The art of folk singing”.
Effect of chemical and natural irrigant solutions on microhardness of root dentin – an in vitro study
Authors: Taffarel Caren , Bonatto Fernanda Duda , Bonfante Filipe do Carmo , Palhano Huriel Scartazzini , Vidal Cristina de Mattos Pimenta , Souza Doglas Cecchin, Matheus Albino , Souza Matheus Albino
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Modifications in the mechanical properties of dentin may reduce the fracture resistance of tooth, especially after endodontic treatment. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of the irrigation with different root canal irrigants on the microhardness of root dentin. Methods: The coronal portion of 60 single-rooted bovine incisors was sectioned and the pulpal tissue removed using endodontic K-files. The roots were cut transversely to obtain 2 fragments, which were embedded in acrylic resin and randomly distributed into six groups (n=20) according to the irrigation protocol: distilled water (DW) (control); 2% chlorhexidine solution (CHX); 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 6% calcium hypochlorite (Ca[OCl]2); QMix; and 6.5% grape seed extract solution (GSE). The solutions were kept in contact with the root dentin specimens for 30 min. After that, irrigation with 5 mL of DW was performed. The Vickers microhardness was determined by performing three indentations in all specimens, using 300-g load and 20-second dwell time. The first indentation was made 1.000 µm from the root canal entrance, and two other indentations were made at a distance of 200 µm from each other. The microhardness value for each specimen was obtained as the average of the results for the three indentations. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with 5% significance level. Results: All the tested irrigant solutions maintained the same microhardness level of the root dentin when compared to the control group, with no statistically significant differences between them (p<0.05) Conclusion: The tested irrigant solutions did not present ability to modify the microhardness of root dentin.
Evaluation of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index in the 12 Years Old Students of Tehran City, Iran
Authors: Goodarzi Azam , Heidarnia Alireza , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Eslami Mohammad
Published: April 2019

Aim: The main aim of this study was to Evaluate of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index in 12 Year Old Students of Tehran City, and to identify related factors that affect dental caries within this group. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of 12 years old in Tehran, Iran. Dental caries status was assessed in terms of decayed teeth (DT), filled teeth (FT) and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). “Data were analysed using SPSS version 22; a multivariate regression analysis was used to determine statistically significant associations between DMFT and other variables (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 416 respondents participated in the study. The mean age of the students was10.94 (SD=0.628) years, and the mean DMFT was 1.03 (SD=1.41). So that, in this study DT (0.53 ± 0.95) had the highest and MT (0.14 ± 0.47) had the lowest mean. A multivariate regression analysis model results showed a significant relation between high DMFT scores and such variables as increasing age, lower levels of mother's education, higher family income, lower frequency of tooth brushing and dental flossing, having a history of no visits to the dentist (P<0.05). Conclusion: The current study shows that Iranian female students have a poor oral health behavior, as very few subjects use dental floss on a regular basis. Although there appeared to be a significant relationship between caries scores and demographic factors such as age and socio-behavioral variables include  family income, the level of mothers' education, the frequency of dental brushing and flossing, and both the frequency and type of visit to a dentist.
The nasal index in brazilian human skeletons
Authors: Fernandes Larissa Chaves Cardoso , Carvalho Marcus Vitor Diniz de , Daruge Júnior Eduardo , Francesquini Júnior Luiz , Rabello Patrícia Moreira , Soriano Evelyne Pessoa
Published: April 2019

Aim: To investigate the percentage of correctness (PC) of the Nasal Index (NI) in human skeletons for determination of sex, ancestry and estimation of age in the Brazilian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 173 human skulls belonging to the Piracicaba Dental School. 93 skeletons were males and 80 females; 34 were aged up to 39 years, 56 between 40 and 59 years, and 83 60 years or older; 96 were from white individuals, 49 were from mixed-race and 28 from black individuals. High-precision digital caliper was used to measure nasal height (NH=ANS-nasion) and the maximum nasal width (NW) values, which were applied into the formula NI=NW/NHx100. The data were submitted to discriminant analysis and Student’s t test with equal variances, Mann-Whitney, F (ANOVA), Tukey and Kruskal Wallis, 5% significance level. Results: Dominant nasal type in the Brazilian population was the mesorine. Males showed nasal height and width values greater than those of females, with statistically significant differences in all measurements (p≤0.021) and PC of 76.6%. Similar nasal measurements were found regardless of age (p>0.05), with PC of 41.7%. Ancestral analysis revealed that black individuals have greater nasal width (26.35) and nasal index (53.67) than white ones (24.60 and 49.25), while mixed-race individuals showed intermediate values (25.36 and 52.13) (p<0.05). Nevertheless, these measurements presented an estimated PC of 54.3%. Conclusion: The Nasal Index can be better used for sex determination than for estimation of age and ancestry in the Brazilian population, as the latter showed intermediate and low percentage of correctness, respectively.
Automatic cephalometric analysis: is it time to switch to a hands-free method?
Authors: Michels Mariane , Assunção Rodrigo Leitão de , Oliveira Matheus Lima de , Alves Marcela Rodrigues , Visconti Maria Augusta Portella Guedes , Guedes Fábio Ribeiro
Published: April 2019

Aim: To evaluate the reliability of the automatic cephalometric analysis in relation to the semi-automatic method. Methods: Fifty lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected and two dental surgeons performed the Steiner and Tweed analyses independently using the semi-automatic method on the Radiocef Studio 2® software suite (Radiomemory, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil), and the automatic method on the Kodak Dental Imaging Software (Carestream Health, Rochester, NY, USA). After thirty days, 30% of the sample was re-evaluated to assess intra-observer agreement. Ten angular and linear measurements of both analyses were selected, averaged for both observers and compared using Student's t-test with a significance level of 5% (α=0.05). Intra and inter-observer agreement were assessed through Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Results: Intra-observer reproducibility was excellent for all measurements and inter-observer reproducibility was excellent for most of them. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between automatic and semi-automatic methods for all measurements. Most of the measurements were significantly higher (p<0.05) with the automatic method. Conclusion: Semi-automatic cephalometric analysis can not be replaced with a completely automatic method.
A new method for evaluating the retentive efficacy of different denture adhesives
Authors: Oliveira Simone Gomes Dias de , Cuevas-Suárez Carlos Enrique , Meereis Carine Tais Welter , Rutz Josiane Kuhn , Carrillo-Cotto Ricardo Alfredo , Zanchi Cesar Henrique , Lund Rafael Guerra , Piva Evandro
Published: April 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate a new method for measuring the retention values of different denture adhesives. Methods: The adhesive strength values of three different commercial denture adhesives (Corega powder, Corega adhesive tape and Ultra Corega cream) were evaluated using three different moisturizing agents (distilled water, artificial saliva and natural saliva). The adhesive test was performed on a universal testing machine, after applying the adhesive products to acrylic resin specimens, under two different test conditions (wetting or dipping). Tensile bond strength values in MPa were obtained for each denture adhesive presentation and test condition. Viscosity of the denture adhesives mixed with the different moisturizing agents was determined using a rotary rheometer. Maximum viscosity values were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. Tensile bond strength data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and the Tukey’s test. Pooled data of each denture adhesive presentations for all test conditions was also carried out. Correlation between viscosity and pooled tensile strength values was analyzed through linear regression analysis. A significance level of α=0.05 was set for all analyses. Results: Results showed that statistically higher adhesion strength was obtained with tape and cream adhesives when using natural saliva as moisturizing agents (p<0.05). The adhesive strength values obtained with the dipping method were similar to those obtained with the conventional wetting method. The denture retention strength was influenced by both the denture adhesive type and moisturizing agent used. Conclusion: The dipping method showed to be a reliable test capable to simulate the oral conditions and should be better explored in further studies.
Gender responsiveness in the counseling sessions of the Empowerment and Welfare Organization (PKK) in an attempt to increase family resilience in Cilacap Regency
Authors: Puspita Dyah Retna , Rostikawati Rin , Dharma Pawrtha
Published: April 2019

This research, which was conducted in Cilacap Regency, aimed to study the level of gender responsivity in the counseling sessions ran by the Empowerment and Welfare Organization (hereafter, PKK) at the sub-district and village/urban village levels for society members focused on where the divorce rate is high, particularly those where the divorces were fled by the wives. The research approach was a mixed methodology, implementing both quantitative and qualitative methods at the same time. The samples were taken from three sub-districts which had recorded the highest divorce rates recently. The research population was all of the committee members of PKK in the three sub-districts and villages, which consisted of 180 people. The data were obtained from a questionnaire and focus group discussion, analyzed using descriptive statistics, and refined by gender perspectives. The findings showed that the committee members’ understanding of divorce, family resilience, and gender issues in Cilacap was relatively low. This then aﬀected gender responsivity in their counseling sessions. Low gender responsiveness was signaled by gender stereotyping in relation to targeting the counseling participants (only for the females/wives in each district, without involving the male group at all). Moreover, the counseling materials have not alluded to the rising divorce issue in these areas. As a result, this issue has not received enough attention, particularly among males/husbands. This is even though there are various forums in the neighborhood (RT) and hamlet (RW) levels (in which the major participants are males/husbands) which can accommodate them, raising awareness of these issues and trying to find solutions. Such conditions cannot be separated from the centralized organizational structure of PKK, in which these activities are decided by policies at the regency, province, and central governmental levels. There are no specific policies at the central government level for the prevention and treatment of divorce issues; hence, these issues have not received an adequate amount of attention in the areas with a high divorce rate. PKK at the regency level is more focused on the socialization of parenting patterns, which is also emphasized at the provincial level. As a result, PKK at the regency level has no accurate data on the rising divorce rate within the stated areas.
The barriers and strategy of Sota’s border tourism area development
Authors: Dewi Machya Astuti , Rachmawati Iva
Published: April 2019

Merauke, located in the eastern part of Indonesia, has abundant natural resources and tourism potential. Unfortunately, these assets are not enough to establish Merauke as a successful border area. Even though many programs have been created by the local government of Merauke, the management of the border area in Sota Merauke has not been successful. This phenomenon poses a question about the barrier of developing Sota as a border tourism area. The research used qualitative methods by searching for related documents, observing Sota, and interviewing key persons including the local secretary of Merauke, the staff members of the local government of Merauke, the chief of police in Sota, WWF activists, and community leaders in Sota. The research found that the development of Sota as a border tourism area was not running well because of the lack of natural resource management, the lack of qualified human resources, and the lack of infrastructures with many institutional problems in those that did exist. The lack of qualified human resources was the most dominant factor because of the low ethos in the local community focused on developing the border area. The strategies proposed to tackle the barriers are: 1) to generate participation, especially that of youths and women, 2) to encourage tourism-aware groups, 3) to continuously implement group supervision, and 4) to develop border festivals with various cultural attractions and culinary promotions that involve a broad spectrum of Sota people.
Social media among homosexuals: A new era of gay life in the age of technology
Authors: Mustangin Mustangin
Published: April 2019

The gay community in Indonesia is still considered to be a minority and not widely accepted by the general public. Therefore, many of gay individuals are looking for an alternative to be able to meet others through a community. Furthermore, the development of the media nowadays has contributed to the emergence of numerous social media created specifically for homosexuals to meet each one another. This study aims to reveal the phenomenon of social media specifically created for gay men, including the nature of the activities carried out and its purpose for the gay community. This study is a qualitative research study, conducted using a case study. This study found that social media specifically created for gay men is used as a tool to make friends, to communicate, and to be socially accepted. Their activity on social media is initiated with an introduction, similar to other social media. However, this social media possesses a gay radar that enables the user to find fellow gay men in their surroundings. The emergence of this gay-specific social media is a phenomenon caused by the development of technology. This particular form of social media is utilized by the gay community to interact with one another and to let their identity as a human to be acknowledged.
Clientelism in Bandar Lampung’s Mayor Election 2015: A case study of Herman H. N. and M. Yusuf Kohar as candidate pair
Authors: Kurniawan Robi Cahyadi , Hermawan Dedy , Indrajat Himawan
Published: April 2019

Clientelism is a renewal of the patronage concept, usually referred to as patron-client in some scientific literature. Research about patron-client in the context of domestic politics, specifically in regional elections, is rarely conducted. Previous studies have mostly examined national-level elections, namely president and legislative. Therefore, this research has tried to answer the question on how the clientelism process worked during the Mayor’s Election in Bandar Lampung in 2015, particularly for candidate pair of Herman HN and M. Yusuf Kohar. This research was conducted in Bandar Lampung city from September 2016 to January 2017 as a part of the authors’ dissertation. It employs qualitative method using in-depth interview method on respondents who are related to research objects. The informants consisted of political practitioners, members of campaign teams, and academicians. The findings showed that clientelism among voters occurred during mayor election in Bandar Lampung 2015. There is a mutualism symbiosis between the incumbent candidate (Herman HN) and the voters in Mayor Election of Bandar Lampung in 2015. The voters’ votes can be influenced using the imagery portrayed by the candidates, particularly Herman HN. They can also be influenced by distributive politics or by giving what the voters’ needs through infrastructure politics (such as the construction of roads and bridges), free education, free health care, and social/religion aids. The candidate pair who won the election had different campaign teams.
The correlation between faith and self-esteem with shamans and supernatural power
Authors: Sianipar Godlif
Published: April 2019

This research aims to provide empirical data about the relation between faith and self-esteem with shamans and their supernatural power among the tribal-based religious community in North Sumatra. The main issue this research tackles is that in this modern society, there are those who still trust and use shamans and their supernatural power termed “Begu Ganjang”. Despite this, the development of the global economy can often cause difficulty, and as such, humans must possess the ability to survive and to overcome problems, in a term known as the “Adversity Quotient” (AQ). However, instead of using their AQ, some individuals with low self-esteem tend to place more faith in shamans and supernatural powers. This study uses a quantitative approach in the form of a questionnaire. By using either a Purposive or Judgmental Sampling method, from 600 people asked, there were answers from a total of 100 respondents (50 men and 50 women) from each of the following tribes in North Sumatra: Batak Toba, Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, Karo, and Nias. The study applied SEM to analyze the relationship between endogenous variables of faith and self-esteem with the shaman and Begu Ganjang. The study found that the relation of faith to shamans = 0.19, and faith to Begu Ganjang = 0.00. This means that there is a small relation between faith and shaman, while there is no relation between faith and Begu Ganjang. Furthermore, the relation of self-esteem to shaman = - 0.13, and self-esteem to Begu Ganjang = - 0.06. The result of this study shows the following: 1) There is a correlation between the growth of the respondent’s faith and their trust in the shaman, and 2) The decrease of trust in shamans and Begu Ganjang will occur only if the respondent’s self-esteem increases. Finally, the results of this study may act as a point of reference for other studies that will examine the phenomenon of syncretism in Indonesia.
Reduction of Anisotropic Volume Expansion and the Optimization of Specific Charge Capacity in Lithiated Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Boone Donald
Published: April 2019

This computational research study analyzes the increase of the specific charge capacity that comes with the reduction of the anisotropic volume expansion during lithium ion insertion within silicon nanowires. This research paper is a continuation from previous work that studied the expansion rate and volume increase. It has been determined that when the lithium ion concentration is decreased by regulating the amount of Li ion flux, the lithium ions to silicon atoms ratio, represented by x, decreases within the amorphous lithiated silicon (a-LixSi) material. This results in a decrease in the volumetric strain of the lithiated silicon nanowire as well as a reduction in Maxwell stress that was calculated and Young’s elastic module that was measured experimentally using nanoindentation. The conclusion as will be seen is that as there is a decrease in lithium ion concentration there is a corresponding decrease in anisotropic volume and a resulting increase in specific charge capacity. In fact the amplification of the electromagnetic field due to the electron flux that created detrimental effects for a fully lithiated silicon nanowire at x = 3.75 which resulted in over a 300% volume expansion becomes beneficial with the decrease in lithium ion flux as x approaches 0.75 which leads to a marginal volume increase of ~25 percent. This could lead to the use of crystalline silicon, c-Si, as an anode material that has been demonstrated in many previous research work to be ten times greater charge capacity than carbon base anode material for lithium ion batteries.
Vive la Difference! Effects of Natural and Conventional Wines on the Blood Alcohol Concentrations: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Study
Authors: Ferrero Federico Francesco , Fadda Maurizio , De Carli Luca , Barbetta Marco , Sethi Rajandrea , Pezzana Andrea
Published: April 2019

Different alcoholic beverages can have different effects on blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) and neurotoxicity even if equalized for alcohol content by volume. Anecdotal evidence suggested that natural wine is metabolized differently from conventional wines. This triple-blind study compared the BAC of 55 healthy male subjects after consuming the equivalent of 2 units of alcohol of a natural or conventional wine over 3 mins in two separate sessions one week apart. BAC was measured using a professional breathalyzer every 20 mins after consumption for 2 hrs. The BAC curves in response to the two wines diverged significantly at twenty minutes, at forty minutes and also at their maximum concentrations (peaks), with the natural wine inducing a lower BAC than the conventional wine (T20 0.40 vs. 0.46 [p<0.0002], T40 0.49 vs. 0.53 [p<0.0015], peak 0.52 vs. 0.56 [p<0.0002]). These differences are likely related to the development of different amino acids and antioxidants in the two wines during their production. This in turn may affect the kinetics of alcohol absorption and metabolism. Other contributing factors may also include pesticide residues, differences in dry extract content and the use of indigenous or selected yeasts. Further studies are needed to fully understand why natural wines are metabolized differently from conventional wines.
Visual Light Leaks in High-Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Hole: A Photon-Electron Theory for Living Tissue for Explaining Myopia
Authors: Lee Alex
Published: April 2019

The exact etiology of myopia remains elusive. The author proposes the particle property of photon in living tissue and the photon-electron theory in living tissue, if the frequency of the photon exceeds the threshold, the photon has enough energy to strike the electron away and forms a hole of a diameter in photon diameter scale in living tissue include the eye. Longer time of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation will cause more holes and a larger radius of holes. The visual light which passes through the radiated hole in the eye cannot be refracted on the macula, this is myopia symptom of blurred vision, shortening the distance of the eye and the object will include more visual light into cornea and lens, this is myopia another symptom of nearsightedness. The particle property of photon causes elongation of the eye and the macular holes.