bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretando o fim do ciclo 1988-2016: pode a “parceria” Furtado e Florestan fornecer novas pistas teóricas e metodológicas para entender o presente passado?
Authors: Barbosa Alexandre de Freitas
Published: July 2020

Neste texto, recorremos às obras de Furtado e Florestan para ilustrar a sua ousadia metodológica de questionar a falsa universalidade das teorias produzidas no centro, para ressalvar a nossa especificidade, sem com isso desprezar as categorias que compõem o patrimônio comum do pensamento social e econômico. Tal esforço somente seria possível se revelássemos o todo - ou melhor, as estruturas geopolíticas e sociais do capitalismo na sua manifestação internacional - do qual fazíamos parte enquanto periferia, tal como demonstrado por estes intelectuais.
Where Do We Stand with The Ever Evolving Technology?
Authors: Eldin Mostafa Yehia Salah
Published: July 2020

"Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world, stimulating progress, giving birth to evolution." Albert Einstein. “Once a new technology rolls over you, if you're not part of the steamroller, you're part of the road”. Stewart Brand. The developments in the field of ophthalmology have gone through tremendous and fast evolution over the last 40 years. The purpose of this evolution is the well being of our patients. In the surgical field we aim at efficiency, safety and predictability. Technological innovations are always aimed to improve a surgical need or a patient outcome. For example with the development of modern phacoemulsification machines and techniques it became possible to aspirate the hardest of nuclei through a tiny incision down to 1.8 mm, which was not possible manually. So innovations in surgical techniques have evolved rapidly to improve the use of the technology. Another example is the introduction of excimer laser technology in refractive surgery which gave us the opportunity of precision in carving the corneal surface to attain the desired refractive result which was not possible with any previous technique.
Treatment of Localized Retinal Redetachment in Silicon Oil Filled Eyes
Authors: Qasim Lateef Chaudhry Muhammad Tariq Khan Sidrah Riaz
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To assess the success rate of retinal reattachment surgery in localized re-detachment in Silicon oil filled eyes which had previously undergone primary retinal detachment (RD) repair with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicon oil. Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional case series. Place and Duration: Farooq Hospital and Medicare eye centre, Lahore from October 2016 to November 2017. Material and Methods: All those patients were included in our study who underwent primary retinal attachment surgery with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicon oil for complicated retinal detachment as an internal tamponade and later presented with localized inferior retinal detachment within 6 months of previous RD repair. Patients with total detachment, extensive PVR, retinal shortening, gas tamponade, total Re RD, and external scleral buckle were excluded. Two ports were made under local anesthesia instead of three conventional ports, simple non irrigation vitrectomy technique was used to achieve retinal reattachment under silicon oil without exchange of SO. Results: Ten eyes of ten patients were included, eight (8) males and two (2) females. The age range was from 18 to 79 years. Most common cause of re detachment (RD) in all cases was proliferative retinopathy (PVR) followed by retinal break. The new retinal break was identifiable in three (3) cases. All cases attained anatomical success in term of complete retinal attachment after second operation in one year follow up period. Conclusion: Simple non irrigation vitrectomy surgical technique under local anesthesia is effective, economical and time saving as compared to complicated three port vitrectomy with oil exchange. Keywords: Silicon oil, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, proliferative retinopathy, retinal break, Perflourocarbon.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Irfan Sameera
Published: July 2020

Dry eyes is a common, chronic condition that has a prevalence of about 5- 50%.1 According to the Dry Eye Workshop II report (DEWS II report), published in 2017, the updated definition of Dry Eye Disease is, “a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterised by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyper-osmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles.” The Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) released their report on the international work on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)2 in 2011, which defined MGD, classified it and considered it as the primary cause of dry eye disease worldwide. Previously dry eye disease was considered as an aqueous deficiency problem, but after this report by TFOS, there is a paradigm shift towards “not producing enough lipids to retain the tears that are being produced”. This has led to a huge impact on the treatment protocols which were previously focused on managing the sequelae and symptoms of dry eyes rather than targeting directly on the underlying cause, the MGD. It has now been accepted worldwide that dry eye occurs when the ocular surface system cannot adequately protect itself from the desiccating stress due to the lack of a healthy meibomian gland secretion. This article is mainly focussed on the Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, discussing the normal anatomy of the glands, how they are affected by disease, its implications on the ocular surface and finally, the various treatment strategies.

Key words: Blepharitis, Dry eyes, Meibomian gland dysfunction, blepharospasm.
A Spectrum of Ophthalmic Diseases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Peshawar, KPK; a 10-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Omer Nasim, Salman Khan Muhammad Rafiq Afridi Khalid Saifullah Baig
Published: July 2020

Correspondence to: Omer Nasim Ophthalmology Unit Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar Email: discover.omer@gmail.com Purpose: To assess the frequency of different eye morbidities in the patients presenting at a tertiary care Hospital in Peshawar. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology unit of Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar from February 2004 to month of March 2014. Material & Methods: This research involved accessing the data bank kept by the Hospital. All ocular morbidities seen during the study period was included in the study while those who presented with the diseases of the eye due to some other systemic condition were excluded. Patients were categorized according to their gender and year of admission. The age categories were divided into 5 groups, 0-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100 years’ category. The data collected was analyzed using MS Excel 2013. Results: A total of 1869 patients were examined out of which 49.92% were male and 50.07% were female. The ocular examination revealed that out of the 1869 patients, 57.30% of the patients suffered from Cataract, 4.86% patients suffered from Pterygium, 4.76% suffered from Strabismus, 1.65% patients suffered from Glaucoma and the remaining 31.43% suffered from various spectrum of diseases. Female preponderance was more than males in the sense of general morbidity of ocular disorders.
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept Vs Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Macular Edema
Authors: Khaqan Hussain Ahmad , Imtiaz Usman , Buksh Hasnain Muhammad , Ur Rehman Hafiz Ateeq , Naz Raheela
Published: July 2020

Purpose:  To study the safety and efficacy of intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept vs. Bevacizumab for the management of edema caused by different retinal pathologies.

Study Design:  Comparative interventional study.

Place and Duration of Study:  Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, from July 2018 to June 2019.

Material and Methods:  Patients with resistant, center involving macular edema due to diabetes, retinal vein occlusion and age related macular degeneration were recruited. Complete ocular examination was performed. All the patients were randomly grouped into two i.e. IVZ (intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept) and IVB (intravitreal bevacizumab). Each eye underwent intravitreal injection of 0.05 ml of fresh filtered ziv-aflibercept (1.25 mg) or 0.05 ml of fresh filtered Bevacizumab. Outcome was measured in terms of variation in central macular thickness (CMT) and also best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 3 months.

Results:  Total of 156 eyes of 136 patients completed whole duration of study and were included in the results. The mean baseline CMT was 510 μm (± 94 μm) in the IVB group and 493μm (±102 μm) in the IVZ group (P = 0.94). The mean baseline BCVA (log MAR) was 0.78 (Snellen's equivalent 6/36) in the IVZ and 0.70 (Snellen's equivalent 6/30) in the IVB group (P = 0.78). Central macular thickness was significantly reduced at 1st, 2nd and 3rd month in the IVZ group and IVB group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:  Intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept is safe and more effective than Bevacizumab for the treatment of edema caused by diabetes mellitus, retinal vein occlusion and wet age related macular degeneration.
Vitreo-macular Interface Abnormalities in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Hamza Uzma , Asghar Waqas , Chaudhry Qasim Lateef , Ali Muhammad Hassaan , Jahangir Sana
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To study the frequency of vitreomacular interface abnormalities (VIAs) in diabetic and non-diabeticpatients presenting in a tertiary care hospital.Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah hospital, Lahore from May 2013 to June 2016.Methods: The frequency of vitreomacular interface abnormalities (VIAs) was assessed among 278 patients, whopresented in outpatient department of our hospital. Patients were categorized into diabetic and non-diabeticgroups on the basis of hemoglobinHbA1c. Patients with altered macular reflex on slit lamp examination underwentspectral domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) of macula to determine VIAs.Results: There were 278 patients in the study with mean age 59.7 ± 11.7(range: 40 – 65) years and male tofemale ratio of 1:1.06. Prevalence of VIAs was observed to be higher among diabetic patients than non-diabeticsin all age groups (p-value < 0.05). Overall frequency of different VIAs was found to be 10.7% for epiretinalmembrane, 6.4% for posterior vitreous detachment, 6.1% for macular edema/macular cyst, 4.3% forvitreomacular traction, 1.8% for full thickness macular holes and 0.71% for partial thickness macular holes.Macular edema/macular cystwas the most common. VIA was more commonly observed in diabetic patients(17.2%). Except for ERM, all lesions of VIAs were significantly more prevalent in females as compared to males.Conclusion: VIAs are found in significantly larger number in diabetics compared to non-diabetic patients.Female gender with advancing age is associated with a higher frequency of VIAs.
Cystoid Macular Edema after Extracapsular Cataract Extraction Performed by Residents
Authors: Alam Adnan , Idris Mohammad , Yaqoob Hassan , Nathaniel Eemaz , Hussain Syed Ittrat , Sabir Hadia
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To determine the frequency and outcome of management of cystoid macular edema after extracapsular cataract extraction performed by residents.Study Design: Interventional case series.Place and Duration of Study: Lady Reading Hospital, MTI, Peshawar from Oct 2018 to Oct 2019.Material and Methods: Total 400 patients with mature cataract were included in our study. Patients having preexistingdisease such as uveitis, hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy and retinal degenerations wereexcluded. All surgeries were performed by 4th year residents under supervision. Complicated cases before orduring surgery were excluded from the study. Cystoid macular edema cases were classified as follows; acuteoccurring within three months of cataract extraction and with duration fewer than 6 months, chronic persistingmore than 6 months. Patients were either managed conservatively or with anti-VEGF. All cases were followed for3 months or longer until resolution of cystoid macular edema.Results: Twenty patients developed cystoid macular edema out of which 16 patients (80%) improved withconservative treatment and 4 patients (20%) developed resistant cystoid macular edema. All four patients weregiven intravitreal bevacizumab injection monthly for three months. Our findings showed that best corrected visualacuity (BCVA) before injection ranged from 6/60 to 6/24. After three injections BCVA improved between 6/18 to6/6. Pre injection central subfield thickness (CSFT) was between 611 to 480 micron which improved to 272 -260micron after injections.Conclusion: Cystoid macular edema responds well to conservative treatment but resistant cases need repeatedinj of anti VEGF.
Recurrence Rate of Primary Pterygium Following Excision with Mitomycin C versus Excision with Amniotic Membrane Transplant
Authors: Humayun Jawad , Rehman Mubashir - , Farhan Mohammad , Kamran Muhammad Kashif , Khan Shahid Abdur Rauf
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To compare recurrence rate of primary pterygium following excision with mitomycin c verses excisionwith amniotic membrane transplant.Study Design: Quasi experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera, from January 2019 to June2019.Material and Methods: One hundred and two patients presenting for the first time with pterygium were includedin the study and were divided into two groups. Patients having conjunctivitis, blephritis, keratitis or any otherocular inflammatory condition and patients having history of chemical burns and symblepharon were excludedfrom the study. Group A underwent surgical excision with 0.02% mitomycin–C application for 3 minutes andGroup B was surgically treated with application of amniotic membrane. Patients of both groups were followed upfor six months to detect recurrence of pterygium. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequency andpercentages were calculated for categorical data like age, gender and recurrence rate. Recurrence rate wasstratified among age and sex to see the effect modifiers.Results: Mean age in both groups was 39.98 ± 9.11 years. In group A, 64.70% patients were males and in groupB, 62.74% patients were male. Recurrence of Pterygium was seen in 21.5% patients in group A and 7.84% ingroup B. The difference was statistically significant with a p value of 0.05.Conclusion: Recurrence rate of primary pterygium following excision with mitomycin C is higher than excisionwith amniotic membrane transplant
Trabeculectomy in Congenital Glaucoma; Experience in Helpers Eye Hospital Quetta
Authors: Mengal Mahtab , Khan M Afzal , Khan Aimal , Ahmed Manzoor , Chaudhry Rabia khawar , Khan Nasar Qamar
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of trabeculectomy in terms of IOP control and its safety in terms of peroperativeand post-operative complications in Primary Congenital Glaucoma.Study Design: Interventional Case-Series.Place and Duration of Study: Helpers Eye Hospital, Quetta, from June 2017 to December 2018.Material and Methods: Thirty eyes of 17 patients were included in this case series after diagnosis of primarycongenital glaucoma. Patients with secondary congenital glaucoma due to trauma, surgery, inflammation, SturgeWeber Syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, cataract, uveitis, aphakia and pseudophakia were excluded from the study.Informed consent was taken from parents. Examination under anesthesia was done before surgery to recordpreoperative IOP, corneal diameter and anterior and posterior segment abnormalities. Primary trabeculectomywas done. Post-operative IOP and corneal diameter was recorded at 1st, 3rd and 6th month and every 6 monthsthereafter under general anesthesia. IOP at 12th month of surgery was the final outcome which was consideredsignificant if IOP was less than 21 mm Hg with stable corneal diameters.Results: Mean preoperative IOP was 25.8 mm Hg. Twenty-three (76.66%) eyes out of 30 eyes were consideredsuccessful with mean IOP of 15.3 mm Hg at last follow-up while 7 (23.33%) cases of failure were observed withpostoperative mean IOP of 27.71 mm Hg. These patients underwent additional surgeries to control IOP.Hyphema was the only complication observed in this study. Postoperative cataract developed in 5 eyes.Conclusion: Primary trabeculectomy is an effective operation and safe surgery for primary congenital glaucoma
Change in Visual Acuity in Relation to Central Macular Thickness after Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Haider Muhammad Ali , Sattar Uzma , Zaidi Syeda Rushda
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the change in visual acuity in relation to decrease in central macular thickness,after a single dose of intravitreal Bevacizumab injection.Study Design: Quasi experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: Punjab Rangers Teaching Hospital, Lahore, from January 2019 to June 2019.Material and Methods: 70 eyes with diabetic macular edema were included in the study. Patients having high refractive errors (spherical equivalent of > ± 7.5D) and visual acuity worse than +1.2 or better than +0.2 on log MAR were excluded. Central macular edema was measured in μm on OCT and visual acuity was documentedusing Log MAR chart. These values were documented before and at 01 month after injection with intravitrealBevacizumab. Wilcoxon Signed rank test was used to evaluate the difference in VA beforeand after the anti-VEGF injection. Difference in visual acuity and macular edema (central) was observed,analyzed and represented in p value. P value was considered statistically significant if it was less than 0.01%.Results: Mean age of patients was 52.61 ± 1.3. Vision improved from 0.90 ± 0.02 to 0.84 ± 0.02 on log MARchart. The change was statistically significant with p value < 0.001. Central macular thickness reduced from 328 ±14 to 283 ± 10.6 μm on OCT after intravitreal anti-VEGF, with significant p value < 0.001.Conclusion: A 45 μm reduction in central macular thickness was associated with 0.1 Log MAR unit improvementin visual acuity after intravitreal Bevacizumab in diabetic macular edema.
Corona Virus Nanoparticles and Enhanced Respiratory Protection for Outpatient Ophthalmic Practice
Authors: Zia Rashid , Kopsachilis Nick
Published: July 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has emerged rapidly and is now part of our everyday life and work. At the time of writing this editorial all routine clinical activity and surgery that had previously been stopped is set for a phased reopening over the next 6 weeks to 6 months. Ophthalmic examination includes close working distance to our patients at the slit lamp (<20 cm). Many nasolacrimal outpatient procedures can easily convert into droplet infection and even aerosol i.e reflux from lacrimal washout. In addition, many slit lamp based  procedures and examinations can lead to prolonged exposure and in some cases even aerosol generation. Thus loosely fitted surgical masks, despite their electret filter to trap nanoparticles may offer little or no protection at all. Evidence is overwhelming that ophthalmologists need enhanced PPEs including surgical cap, gown, fit tested mask, gloves and goggles for all ophthalmic examinations. Hesitation in implementing new PPE guidance for ophthalmology will probably cost lives. An overview of the use of PPE is discussed in the following paragraphs.
Química comprehensiva de aminales macrocíclicos
Authors: Rivera Umaña Augusto
Published: July 2020

Este libro es una guía práctica sobre aminales cíclicos tipo caja o adamanza- nos, que examina exhaustivamente las reacciones características y las trans- formaciones, los métodos sintéticos y la eficiencia experimental. Es como una puerta de entrada para la investigación y el desarrollo en el campo de estas tetraminas tricíclicas que conforman la familia de los aminales caja, compuestos muy poco estudiados, algo incomprendidos y, muy interesan- tes, debido a sus propiedades químicas y a su uso promisorio en diversos campos de la química.
Estadística descriptiva multivariada
Authors: Pardo Campo Elías
Published: July 2020

El texto del profesor Campo Elías Pardo aborda en forma rigurosa los análisis de componentes principales, de correspondencias simples y múltiples, y algunos de los métodos más importantes de clasificación. Estos temas tienen una vigencia indiscutible y los métodos han sido incorporados a lo que se conoce como minería de datos, donde el resumen y la clasificación cumplen un papel importante para el reconocimiento de patrones. La exposición teórica es clara y concisa. El aporte del autor se hace presente en la forma como la resume y organiza para que su estudio sea fluido y provechoso con base en los ejemplos. El código programado para los análisis es un factor motivador para seguir el libro de manera activa, y sirve de guía para aplicar los métodos en el ejercicio profesional. Al final de cada capítulo, presenta ejemplos de aplicación resueltos y propone ejercicios y talleres muy originales que reflejan el esfuerzo por ofrecer los resultados de un trabajo personal calificado. Es un valor agregado importante del texto
Firmamento y atlas terrestre: la astronomía que practicó Francisco José de Caldas
Authors: Portilla Barbosa José Gregorio
Published: July 2020

Se advierte que el presente libro no tiene por objetivo ofrecer una nueva biografía de Caldas. Su propósito es más bien ordenar, dar sentido y establecer, con la debida perspectiva, aquello que Caldas emprendió en materia de observaciones y estudios de carácter estrictamente astronómico, y paralelamente suministrar a un lector moderno una visión más ajustada de lo que era hacer astronomía hace dos siglos. Exceptuando las evidentes conexciones entre astronomía y geografía, poco, por no decir nada, se aborda del Caldas multifacético; de aquel interesado en botánica, zoología, arquitectura, ingeniería militar, meteorología, matemática, derecho, etc. Evidentemente dentro de la narración habrá episodios en los que será necesario comentar sobre sus otras actividades aparte de las astronómicas, pero ello se aborda prudentemente, de una manera tangencial, pues escapa a la competencia del autor.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK TUJUAN ANGGARAN DAN KINERJA APARAT PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Marita Inne , Hariani Swarmilah
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji Pengaruh Karakteristik Tujuan Anggaran terhadap Kinerja Aparat Pemerintah Daerah. Objek penelitian ini dilakukan pada 15 SKPD (Satuan Perangkat Kerja Daerah) bagian perencanaan atau anggaran dan keuangan Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 76 responden dengan menggunakan data primer melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan langsung kepada para responden. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi liner berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwan partisipasi anggaran, umpan balik anggaran dan kesulitan tujuan anggaran tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja aparat pemrintah daerah. Sedangkan variabel kejelasan tujuan anggaran dan variabel evaluasi anggaran berpengaruh terhadap kinerja aparat pemerintah daerah. Hasil uji simultan mengungkapkan bahwa variabel partisipasi anggaran, kejelasan tujuan anggaran, evaluasi anggaran, umpan balik anggaran serta kesulitan tujuan anggaran secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja aparat pemerintah daerah.
O enfoque lúdico nas intervenções educativas em saúde bucal para idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Barbosa Lilian Lopes , Carvalho Rodrigo Furtado de
Published: July 2020

Um dos grandes desafios globais de saúde é proporcionar à população idosa longevidade associada à qualidade de vida. A institucionalização tem sido uma alternativa importante para oferta de cuidados a idosos. No entanto, nesses espaços, os idosos apresentam maiores demandas odontológicas se comparados aos idosos não institucionalizados. Somado a isso, há o desenvolvimento de problemas psicológicos, como baixa autoestima, depressão e isolamento social. Diante deste contexto, a realização de atividades de educação e promoção em saúde é essencial e pode ter resultados importantes quando desenvolvidas com enfoque lúdico. Sendo assim, este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar um relato de experiência da aplicação de conceitos lúdicos em intervenções educativas com idosos institucionalizados. Foram utilizados alguns jogos que são rotineiros entre os idosos, como bingo, pescaria, jogo da memória, todos adaptados à temática saúde bucal. Por meio dessas atividades foi possível oferecer informação, melhorar a percepção dos idosos sobre autocuidado em saúde bucal, estimulando a higiene bucal independente. Além disso, o enfoque lúdico mostrou-se efetivo e com grande potencial de desenvolvimento.
Palavras-chave: Envelhecimento; Qualidade de Vida; Promoção de Saúde; Ludoterapia
The ludic focus on educational interventions in oral health for institutionalized elderly
Abstract: One of the most challenging global health issues is providing longevity associated with quality of life for the elderly population. Institutionalization has been an important alternative to provide it, however, in those spaces, the elderly has greater dental care demands when compared to the non-institutionalized population. Therefore, there is the development of psychological problems such as low self-esteem, depression, and social isolation. In this context, carrying out education and health promotion activities is essential and can have important results when carried out using a ludic approach. This article aimed to present a report of the experience of applying ludic concepts educational interventions within institutionalized elderly. Some routine games were used with the elderly population, such as bingo, fishing, memory games, each one of them adapted to the theme of oral health. Through these activities, it was possible to offer information, improve the elderly's perception of oral health, and encourage independent oral hygiene. Besides, the ludic approach proved to be effective and with great development potential.
Keywords: Aging; Life Quality; Health Promotion; Play Therapy
Samhället utmanat?
Authors: Lidskog Rolf
Published: July 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a growing social phenomenon, both as a technical infrastructure and as a sociotechnical imaginary. While there is ample sociological research on AI’s implications for different societal sectors, there has been limited sociological discussion on AI itself. This article engages with the current debate on superintelligence – a future AI that transcends human intelligence – to show that the development of AI concerns central sociological issues, and that sociological thinking contributes to and challenges prevailing concepts of AI.
Assessment of Lung Function using Spirometry and Radiological findings in Post Tuberculosis Cases
Authors: Satti Shahzeb Ahmad , Tariq Abdul Moueed , Latif Khattak Abdul , Saleem Salman , Din Rafi ud , Chaudhry Azhar Ali
Published: July 2020

Objective: To assess the prevalence of abnormal radiological changes and their impact on lung function in post tuberculosis cases. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in medical Outpatient Department (OPD) of CMH, Quetta from 30th Nov 2018 to 30th May 2019. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty treated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, presenting in medical OPD of CMH Quetta for regular follow-up, were included in the study. The subjects were recruited by non-probability consecutive sampling technique according to predefined inclusion criteria. Demographic data including age, gender, post treatment duration, clinical features and history of asthma, atopy, rhinitis, biomass exposure, coalmine exposure, animal and pet exposure was collected. Their lung function was assessed using spirometry and radiological changes were assessed by either chest X-ray or high resolution CT chest. Results: Among the 60 patients, mean age was 36.32 + 9.95 years. The majority (70%) of subjects were males (n=42).The mean duration post treatment was 4.79 + 4.25 years. Among the study population 51.7% (n=31) were symptomatic, 73.3% (n=44) had abnormal lung function tests. With those having abnormal lung functions tests, 23.3% (n=14) had obstructive, 43.3% (n=26) had restrictive and 6.7% (n=4) had mixed airway disease. The radiological investigations were abnormal in 80% (n=48) of the patients showing various radiological changes such as reticular shadows, nodules, pleural thickening, collapse, fibrotic bands, hilar calcifications, lung volume reduction and traction bronchiectasis. Conclusion: Our study showed that the restrictive pattern was most common finding on spirometry while, fibrotic bands were the most common radiological findings in post tuberculosis cases in our population.
CORRELATION OF THE DERIVATIVES WITH COMPOSITES, DEVELOPING THE FEATURE OF SIMILARITY
Authors: Petrov А. V.
Published: July 2020

The article examines the semantic structure of simple adjectives with the suffix -at- (-ат-) in their relationship with single-root composites visible, —vidnij, -obraznij, podobnij (-видный, -образный, подобный) developing the meaning of similarity. The card file of linguistic facts was compiled on the basis of the «Reverse Dictionary of the Russian Language», «The Dictionary of the Russian Language» in 4 volumes and the internet resources. Mono- and polysemic adjectives were selected with the suffix —at— (-ат-), which is combined with 28 bases. Derivation paradigms are formed, which include adjectives with the suffix -at- (-ат-) and single-root composites with suffixes of -vidnij, -obraznij, podobnij (-видный, -образный, подобный), integrable by one or another basis. Derivatives with the suffix —at— (-ат-) comprise seven fourmembered paradigms with composites. Based on internet resources, in each derivational paradigm, compatible series of adjectives were formed, in which the number of adjective actors varies. The maximum number of lexical distributors was recorded in a paradigm with the basics of tarelk— (тарелк-) and shishk— (шишк-). Name distributors are included in various thematic groups. The compatibility analysis of single-root lexical units is intended to reveal certain semantic nuances in the transmission of the attribute of an object and answer the question of whether adjective composites with a similarity value are doublets. Thus, the leading study is the valency analysis.
Poke´Mon Go
Authors: Alley Travis
Published: July 2020

This Article focuses on various types of trespass and the challenges that augmented reality technology presents to the parties involved. Section II lays out a broad overview of augmented reality, its history, and the concept of Pok ´emon Go. Section III addresses evolution trespass law in the United States and how it is applied in cases of physical and electronic intrusions. Section III also discusses nuisance briefly, as it can often interrelate to trespass theories. Section IV then analyzes how courts might interpret trespass laws for augmented reality applications and the forms of liability each party may face. The solution in Section V proposes a compromise between these parties by suggesting legislative reform to offer opt-in and opt-out provisions. Lastly, this Article stresses the importance of weighing the interests of the involved parties with the benefit of technological advancements.
A novel, unbiased approach to evaluating subsequent search misses in dual target visual search
Authors: Becker Mark W. , Anderson Kaitlyn , Brascamp Jan W.
Published: July 2020

Research in radiology and visual cognition suggest that finding one target during visual search may result in increased misses for a second target, an effect known as subsequent search misses (SSM). Here, we demonstrate that the common method of calculating second-target detection performance is biased and could produce spurious SSM effects. We describe the source of that bias and document factors that influence its magnitude. We use a modification of signal-detection theory to develop a novel, unbiased method of calculating the expected value for dual-target performance under the null hypothesis. We then apply our novel method to two of our data sets that showed modest SSM effects when calculated in the traditional manner. Our correction reduced the effect size to the point that there was no longer a significant SSM effect. We then applied our method to a published data set that had a larger effect size when calculated using the traditional calculation as well as when using an alternative calculation that was recently proposed to account for biases in the traditional method. We find that both the traditional method and the recently proposed alternative substantially overestimate the magnitude of the SSM effect in these data, but a significant SSM effect persisted even with our calculation. We recommend that future SSM studies use our method to ensure accurate effect-size estimates, and suggest that the method be applied to reanalyze published results, particularly those with small effect sizes, to rule out the possibility that they were spurious.
Uniform Fe3O4/Gd2O3-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Qin Miao , Peng Yueyou , Xu Mengjie , Yan Hui , Cheng Yizhu , Zhang Xiumei , Huang Di , Chen Weiyi , Meng Yanfeng
Published: July 2020

The multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique has been extensively studied over the past few years since it offers complementary information that can increase diagnostic accuracy. Simple methods to synthesize contrast agents are necessary for the development of multimodal MRI. Herein, uniformly distributed Fe3O4/Gd2O3 nanocubes for T1–T2 dual-mode MRI contrast agents were successfully designed and synthesized. In order to increase hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, the nanocubes were coated with nontoxic 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA). The results show that iron (Fe) and gadolinium (Gd) were homogeneously distributed throughout the Fe3O4/Gd2O3-DHCA (FGDA) nanocubes. Relaxation time analysis was performed on the images obtained from the 3.0 T scanner. The results demonstrated that r1 and r2 maximum values were 67.57 ± 6.2 and 24.2 ± 1.46 mM−1·s−1, respectively. In vivo T1- and T2-weighted images showed that FGDA nanocubes act as a dual-mode contrast agent enhancing MRI quality. Overall, these experimental results suggest that the FGDA nanocubes are interesting tools that can be used to increase MRI quality, enabling accurate clinical diagnostics.
LA EXPERIENCIA DE LA FRUSTRACIÓN EN EL TEATRO
Authors: Patiño Eirín Cristina
Published: July 2020

Sin información.
Komunikasi, Kecerdasan Emosional dan Kinerja Pegawai: Studi Empiris pada Dinas Sumberdaya Air Bina Marga Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Adnan Hakim Al Asy Ari , Rizki Selvi Diliyanti , Sura Tri Mariati
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecerdasan emosional dan kemampuan berkomunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Sumberdaya Air Bina Marga Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif kausalitas dengan subyek penelitian yaitu pegawai sebanyak 68 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linear berganda untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa kecerdasan emosional dan komunikasi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa peranan sumber daya manusia bagi suatu organisasi tidak hanya dapat ditentukan dari seberapa tingginya pendidikan yang dimiliki dan seberapa disiplinnya pegawai dalam bekerja, akan tetapi termasuk dari aspek yang lebih spesifik yakni kemampuan seorang pegawai dalam mengontrol emosionalnya dan juga kemampuan seorang pegawai dalam berkomunikasi.
MUDDLING THROUGH THE LANGUAGE CLUTTER: SCOURING FOR A MIDDLE PATH
Authors: Biswas Debmalya
Published: July 2020

Polarization for the sake of conceptual and ideological distinctiveness often spawns
chasms so cantankerous, that the ramifications of further deliberation become counterproductive. Conflicting ideas pervade every domain of rational thought. But conflict is not a hindrance. It exists as an integral and indisputable undercurrent of thinking as well as human nature. Conflict degenerates into a frantic scramble for power when the premise is squeezed dry of its fertile potential. There would be an appalling dearth of ideas, interpretations and perceptions had conflict been crucified as the instigator of discord. It is justified to concur that where there is no conflict, there is no independent thought. However, this conflict is not to wrestle over an impasse, but to acknowledge all perspectives how-much-ever divergent they might be. The productivity of conflict can be realised, when in its aftermath, the rifts between the poles, have been neutralized and the quest for the middle path can ensue. In the Chinese martial tradition, when two swordsmen joust, it is not blatantly for striking or defending. When their swords meet, depending on where they collide and with how much force they strike, they produce distinct soundwaves, which over a period appears as melody to the martial artists and comprises the spiritual as well as aesthetic underpinning. The pinnacle of the art lies in producing this very melody by simply displacing air with the sword.
This analogy delineates the mental picture behind the conflict of ideas, how it transcends into
a virile force and ultimately leads one on the search for the Aristotelian ‘golden mean’.
THE IDEA OF POST-WAR AMERICA IN SELECTED NOVELS BY STEINBECK AND DOS PASSOS
Authors: Gohil Digvijaysinh
Published: July 2020

This article attempts to study the idea of the ‘Other’ according to John Dos Passos (1896-1970) and John Steinbeck (1902-1968). The researcher has analyzed the position of the two authors towardsmajor post-war issues. Throughout the article, the researcher highlights numerous social, racial, gender, political, and economic issues that arose as a result of the aftermath of the First World War. The appropriation of the New Historicist theory enablesus to make a historical and literary diagnosis of John Dos Passosand Steinbeck’s fiction. The researcher has endeavored to demonstrate that both Dos Passos and Steinbeck share the same idea, position, and vision towards a fragmented, class-based, ‘white supremacist’ and capitalist post-war America.

The following novels have been analyzed from the perspective of racial and gender
discrimination for the purpose of the research: Steinbeck’s Tortilla Flat (1935), Of Mice and Men (1937), The Grapes of Wrath (1939); and Dos Passos’ trilogy U.S.A (1938).This paper also explores another post-war theme - the proletariat vs. big business struggle.The proletariat theme is an influential part of Dos Passos’ fictional trilogy and Steinbeck’s epic novel The Grapes of Wrath. The researcher endeavours to demonstrate that the two authors share the idea that postwar America is composed of two-nations - ‘proletariat’ and the privileged.
Urgensi Penerapan Pertimbangan Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup dalam Perencanaan Ketenagalistrikan di Indonesia
Authors: Widyaningsih Grita Anindarini
Published: July 2020

Sektor ketenagalistrikan merupakan salah satu cabang produksi penting bagi negara dan memiliki peranan penting dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan nasional. Mengingat pentingnya usaha ketenagalistrikan, maka diperlukan perencanaan yang baik dan matang untuk dapat menyelenggarakan penyediaan tenaga listrik sesuai dengan standar keberlanjutan energi, yang terdiri dari aspek keamanan energi, ekuitas energi, dan keberlanjutan lingkungan hidup. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengkaji sejauh mana aspek perlindungan lingkungan hidup telah diakomodir dalam perencanaan ketenagalistrikan di Indonesia. Tulisan ini memiliki kesimpulan bahwa kegiatan ketenagalistrikan di Indonesia terhitung terlambat untuk mengintegrasikan pertimbangan terkait lingkungan, khususnya daya dukung dan daya tampung lingkungan, dalam substansi perencanaan tersebut. Tulisan ini melihat bahwa terdapat instrumen pencegahan yang seharusnya dapat lebih dioptimalkan untuk mengakomodir integrasi pertimbangan lingkungan hidup, yakni melalui Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis.Kata Kunci: ketenagalistrikan, KEN, RUEN, RUKN, RUPTL, Daya Dukung dan Daya Tampung, KLHS
Dualisme Konteks Proper sebagai Instrumen Penaatan Sukarela dan Command and Control
Authors: Rahman Faisol
Published: July 2020

Kehadiran penaatan sukarela (voluntary approach) di negara berkembang telah menjadi alternatif untuk mendorong penaatan hukum. Penaatan sukarela dapat menjadi pelengkap instrumen atur dan awasi (command and control), untuk mengatasi keterbatasan sumber daya dan minimnya kemauan politik pemerintah. Proper yang pada masa awalnya merupakan salah satu instrumen penaatan sukarela yang dapat mendorong ketaatan hukum pesertanya. Namun belakangan, Proper dikritik karena tidak memberikan sanksi terhadap pesertanya yang berperingkat tidak taat. Pada titik singgung ini, menjadi bias pemaknaan Proper antara konteks penaatan sukarela dan command and control.Artikel ini mengkaji secara normatif adanya dilema penerapan sanksi dalam Proper oleh KLHK selaku penyelenggara Proper. Dimana non-peserta Proper, cenderung mendapatkan keleluasaan akibat ketiadaan sistem pengawasan dan penegakan hukum. Sedangkan peserta Proper, yang secara sukarela telah bekerja sama untuk mempermudah pengawasan pemerintah, terancam sanksi apabila ditemukan pelanggaran. Sehingga apabila sanksi diterapkan terhadap peserta, dapat memberikan tekanan terhadap kesukarelaan peserta untuk melanjutkan kerja samanya dalam Proper.Kata Kunci: penaatan sukarela, penegakan hukum lingkungan, proper
Kemitraan Konservasi Sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Konflik Tenurial dalam Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi di Indonesia
Authors: Prayitno Dessy Eko
Published: July 2020

Kawasan konservasi Indonesia yang luasnya mencapai 27,14 juta hektare dikelilingi kurang lebih 6.381 desa yang menggantungkan kehidupannya kepada kawasan konservasi. Akibatnya terjadi konflik antara masyarakat dengan pengelola kawasan konservasi. Konflik terjadi karena adanya perbedaan kepentingan. Di satu sisi, masyarakat membutuhkan penghidupan dari kawasan konservasi, kemudian di sisi yang lain, pengelola kawasan konservasi memiliki mandat untuk menjaga keutuhan, keaslian, dan kelestarian kawasan konservasi. Dalam situasi konflik kepentingan tersebut, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan kemitraan konservasi. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan historis (historical approach). Tulisan ini akan menelaah dan menguraikan perkembangan pengaturan mengenai kemitraan konservasi yang dimulai dari UU No. 5/1990 hingga yang terakhir adalah Perdirjen KSDAE No. 6/2018, catatan-catatan kritis terhadap Perdirjen KSDAE No. 6/2018, dan optimalisasi Perdirjen KSDAE No. 6/2018 sebagai salah satu pilihan penyelesaian konflik tenurial di kawasan konservasi.Kata kunci: kawasan konservasi, konflik tenurial, kemitraan konservasi.
Effect of Chemical Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Luffa Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite
Authors: Chakrabarti Dipto , Islam Md Shariful , Jubair Kazi , Sarker Md Rashedul H
Published: July 2020

Novel luffa fiber reinforced epoxy composites are prepared and their mechanical properties are investigated before and after chemical treatment. The unique natural knitting structure of luffa provides an excellent reinforcement to the epoxy matrix. Knowing that the fiber-matrix bond gets stronger and imparts more strength to the composite when chemical treatment is done on fibers, composites are manufactured by untreated and treated luffa fiber using epoxy as a matrix. Luffa fiber is treated using benzoyl chloride and NaOH. Tensile and flexural tests are conducted on composites to investigate the effect of chemical treatment. Test results have shown that the chemical treatment on fibers improved the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus by 27.21%, 49.37%, 41.84% and 6.44% respectively. Tensile modulus of luffa fiber composite is found to be higher compared with commonly used natural fiber composites. The experimental investigation suggests that, chemically treated luffa fiber reinforced epoxy composites could be a potential lightweight material in various applications.
The Effect of Various Types of Constant and Time Dependent Heating on Human Tissue: A Finite Element Approach
Authors: Sannyal Mridul , Mukaddes Abul Mukid Md.
Published: July 2020

Cancer is one of the most leading causes of death now worldwide. Most of the cancer therapy aims to raise the temperature of the cancerous tissue above a therapeutic value and thermally kill or destroy it. Minimizing the damage of the healthy cells surrounding the infected cells is one of the major concerns of these therapies. Precise acknowledgment of the temperature profile of living tissue during therapy is of utmost necessity for this purpose. Towards that direction, this paper presents an unsteady finite element model of the bioheat equation to analyze the temperature distribution during the thermal therapy. A C language based system has been developed to solve the unsteady part of the problem employing Crank-Nicolson method and to solve the linear problem employing the Gauss elimination technique. Using this system, we investigate thermal behaviors in human tissues subjected to constant, sinusoidal spatial and surface, point, and stochastic heating. It was found that surface heating is beneficial for treating skin surface cells, while laser heating for the cells that lie below the skin surface. Moreover, for deep cell, the point heating style can bring the most desirable outcome. Results describe in this paper could be useful for researchers and doctors to optimize the treatment procedure, even protocols.
Population structure of Poecilia mexicana (native) and Poeciliopsis gracilis (non-native) in a subtropical river
Authors: Bermúdez-González María Pamela , Ramírez-García Arely , Velázquez-García Estefanía del Carmen , Queijeiro-Bolaños Mónica Elisa , Ramírez-Herrejón Juan Pablo
Published: July 2020

Despite the increase of exotic species in bodies of water, studies on the population structure of coexisting native and exotic fish species are rare. We evaluated the population structure of the native Poecilia mexicana and non-native Poeciliopsis gracilis species in an environmental gradient and its relation to the habitat characteristics in the Jalpan River, located in the state of Queretaro, Mexico. We calculated size structure, sex ratio, gonad stage, and condition factor for both species. Visual-based habitat quality, riparian quality, and physical and chemical characteristics of water were also evaluated. A total of 322 individuals of P. gracilis and 762 of P. mexicana were captured with different fishing nets due to the habitat heterogeneity. Study sites were classified into three categories of habitat conditions: poor, marginal, and sub-optimal. P. mexicana females showed a complete structure of sizes in the poor habitat category. P. gracilis did not show a complete structure in any habitat category. The sub-optimal category of habitat conditions had the lowest number of specimens for both species. Poor category showed a sex ratio of 1:1 (females: males) for P. mexicana while in P. gracilis, females were more abundant than males (sex ratio 5:1). Fulton's factor was higher for P. mexicana than for P. gracilis. Our results showed that habitat quality of the river affected size structure, stages of development, and sex ratio of the two species, but did not show conclusive evidence of favored species or reproductive competition.