bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safe Use of Hemodialysis for Dabigatran Removal before Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Wanek Matthew R , Horn Edward T , Elapavaluru Subbarao , Baroody Samuel C , Sokos George
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To describe a case in which hemodialysis was performed before cardiac transplantation in an attempt to reverse the effects of dabigatran and reduce the risk of bleeding associated with surgery.

CASE SUMMARY:

A 59-year-old female with heart failure and atrial fibrillation was admitted for orthotropic heart transplant. She had been stable at home with continuous milrinone therapy 0.25 μg/kg/min, amiodarone 200 mg twice daily, and dabigatran 150 mg twice daily for stroke prevention secondary to atrial fibrillation. Upon notification of organ availability, the patient was admitted to the hospital for transplant surgery, with her last dose of dabigatran taken approximately 36 hours before admission. Coagulation studies indicated normal activated partial thromboplastin time, slightly elevated international normalized ratio of 1.2, and elevated thrombin time (TT) of 90.6 seconds (upper limit of normal 19.9 seconds). A hemodialysis catheter was emergently placed and dialysis was initiated. One hour after initiation, TT decreased to 65.5 seconds. After 2.5 hours of dialysis, TT further decreased to 60.2 seconds; at that time, the patient underwent transplantation with no abnormal bleeding during or following surgery.

DISCUSSION:

Minimal data exist on techniques to reverse the effects of dabigatran in cases of bleeding or emergent surgery. This case examines the efficacy of hemodialysis to decrease dabigatran's effect on clotting assays prior to surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding. In this case, a TT of 60.2 seconds with recent dabigatran administration did not result in abnormal bleeding associated with cardiac surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:

To our knowledge, this case report represents the first published data on the effects of hemodialysis on dabigatran removal and reversal of anticoagulation associated with dabigatran before surgery. The routine use of preoperative hemodialysis in patients on dabigatran is not recommended; however, the potential efficacy in such circumstances is supported by the successful results in this case.
Impact of Enteral Methadone on the Ability to Wean off Continuously Infused Opioids in Critically Ill, Mechanically Ventilated Adults: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Al-Qadheeb Nada S , Roberts Russel J , Griffin Ryan , Garpestad Erik , Ruthazer Robin , Devlin John W
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND:

Continuously infused opioids are frequently used to optimize patient comfort in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, concerns about rebound pain and opioid withdrawal may delay efforts to discontinue this therapy.

OBJECTIVE:

To measure the association between use of scheduled enteral methadone according to a protocol in mechanically ventilated, medical critically ill adults receiving prolonged continuously infused fentanyl and the time to discontinue continuously infused fentanyl therapy.

METHODS:

This case-control study included 20 consecutive mechanically ventilated adults in a medical ICU, without a history of chronic opioid use, who received 72 or more hours of continuously infused fentanyl and were prescribed scheduled enteral methadone as part of a protocol medical ICU strategy to wean off continuously infused fentanyl. Patients were matched in a 1:2 fashion, by duration of mechanical ventilation, to 40 consecutive preprotocol medical ICU patients meeting the same criteria but who were never given methadone. Duration of continuously infused fentanyl was compared between the 2 groups by constructing Kaplan-Meier plots and estimating the likelihood that methadone use was associated with a decrease in continuously infused fentanyl requirements over time, using a Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS:

The groups were well matched except the methadone patients were older (p = 0.04). Time (median [interquartile range]) to continuously infused fentanyl discontinuation was shorter in the methadone group (4.5 [3.9-5.8] vs 7.0 [4.9-11.5] days; p = 0.002). Continuously infused fentanyl was more likely to be discontinued 2 days after methadone was first initiated (hazard ratio 9.1; p = 0.0004). The proportion of patients who experienced 1 or more episodes of either QTc interval prolongation (p = 0.79) or unarousability (p = 0.47) was similar between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Enterally administered methadone is associated with earlier cessation of continuously infused fentanyl in mechanically ventilated adults without a history of opioid dependence admitted to a medical ICU. Prospective, controlled studies are needed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of methadone as a strategy to wean off continuously infused fentanyl in different ICU populations.
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Antibody Binding Is Dependent on Amino Acid Identity of a Small Region within the GluN1 Amino Terminal Domain
Authors: Gleichman Amy J. , Spruce Lynn A. , Dalmau Josep , Seeholzer Steven H. , Lynch David R.
Published: August 2012

Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a newly identified autoimmune disorder that targets NMDARs, causing severe neurological symptoms including hallucinations, psychosis, and seizures, and may result in death (Dalmau et al., 2008). However, the exact epitope to which these antibodies bind is unknown. A clearly defined antigenic region could provide more precise testing, allow for comparison of immunogenicity between patients to explore potential clinically relevant variations, elucidate the functional effects of antibodies, and make patients' antibodies a more effective tool with which to study NMDAR function. Here, we use human CSF to explore the antigenic region of the NMDAR. We created a series of mutants within the amino terminal domain of GluN1 that change patient antibody binding in transfected cells in stereotyped ways. These mutants demonstrate that the N368/G369 region of GluN1 is crucial for the creation of immunoreactivity. Mass spectrometry experiments show that N368 is glycosylated in transfected cells and rat brain regions; however, this glycosylation is not directly required for epitope formation. Mutations of residues N368/G369 change the closed time of the receptor in single channel recordings; more frequent channel openings correlates with the degree of antibody staining, and acute antibody exposure prolongs open time of the receptor. The staining pattern of mutant receptors is similar across subgroups of patients, indicating consistent immunogenicity, although we have identified one region that has a variable role in epitope formation. These findings provide tools for detailed comparison of antibodies across patients and suggest an interaction between antibody binding and channel function.
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades to Visual Objects
Authors: Yamamoto Shinya , Monosov Ilya E. , Yasuda Masaharu , Hikosaka Okihide
Published: August 2012

We understand the world by making saccadic eye movements to various objects. However, it is unclear how a saccade can be aimed at a particular object, because two kinds of visual information, what the object is and where it is, are processed separately in the dorsal and ventral visual cortical pathways. Here, we provide evidence suggesting that a basal ganglia circuit through the tail of the monkey caudate nucleus (CDt) guides such object-directed saccades. First, many CDt neurons responded to visual objects depending on where and what the objects were. Second, electrical stimulation in the CDt induced saccades whose directions matched the preferred directions of neurons at the stimulation site. Third, many CDt neurons increased their activity before saccades directed to the preferred objects and directions of the neurons in a free-viewing condition. Our results suggest that CDt neurons receive both “what” and “where” information and guide saccades to visual objects.
Early Development of Electrical Excitability in the Mouse Enteric Nervous System
Authors: Hao Marlene M. , Lomax Alan E. , McKeown Sonja J. , Reid Christopher A. , Young Heather M. , Bornstein Joel C.
Published: August 2012

Neural activity is integral to the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS). A subpopulation of neural crest-derived cells expresses pan-neuronal markers at early stages of ENS development (at E10.5 in the mouse). However, the electrical activity of these cells has not been previously characterized, and it is not known whether all cells expressing neuronal markers are capable of firing action potentials (APs). In this study, we examined the activity of “neuron”-like cells (expressing pan-neuronal markers or with neuronal morphology) in the gut of E11.5 and E12.5 mice using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and compared them to the activity of neonatal and adult enteric neurons. Around 30–40% of neuron-like cells at E11.5 and E12.5 fired APs, some of which were very similar to those of adult enteric neurons. All APs were sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX), indicating that they were driven by voltage-gated Na+currents. Expression of mRNA encoding several voltage-gated Na+channels by the E11.5 gut was detected using RT-PCR. The density of voltage-gated Na+currents increased from E11.5 to neonates. Immature active responses, mediated in part by TTX- and lidocaine-insensitive channels, were observed in most cells at E11.5 and E12.5, but not in P0/P1 or adult neurons. However, some cells expressing neuronal markers at E11.5 or E12.5 did not exhibit an active response to depolarization. Spontaneous depolarizations resembling excitatory postsynaptic potentials were observed at E12.5. The ENS is one of the earliest parts of the developing nervous system to exhibit mature forms of electrical activity.
Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortical Circuit Mediates Inhibitory Response Control in the Rat
Authors: Chudasama Yogita , Doobay Victoria M. , Liu Yuchen
Published: August 2012

We investigated the interdependent function of the ventral hippocampus (vHC) and ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) in visuospatial attention and inhibitory control using a disconnection lesion approach. Rats were trained, and several aspects of their cognitive performance tested on the 5-choice reaction time task. The animals were prepared with unilateral lesions of both the vPFC and vHC, either in the same hemisphere (“ipsilateral”) or in opposite hemispheres (“disconnection”). The disconnection lesion led to both impulsive and compulsive behavior. This deficit is reminiscent of the effects of either bilateral vPFC or bilateral vHC lesions on the same task and is thought to reflect the bihemispheric disruption of the hippocampal-prefrontal circuit. With ipsilateral lesions, behavioral deficits were transient or absent altogether, suggesting that the intact hemisphere was able to exert near normal levels of behavioral control. These behavioral effects were observed in the absence of any changes to visual attention, speed of response, or general motivation. This study provides evidence that optimal inhibitory control of behavior draws upon the functional interaction between the vHC and vPFC.
Reactive Astrocytes Overexpress TSPO and Are Detected by TSPO Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Lavisse Sonia , Guillermier Martine , Hérard Anne-Sophie , Petit Fanny , Delahaye Marion , Van Camp Nadja , Ben Haim Lucile , Lebon Vincent , Remy Philippe , Dollé Frédéric , Delzescaux Thierry , Bonvento Gilles , Hantraye Philippe , Escartin Carole
Published: August 2012

Astrocytes and microglia become reactive under most brain pathological conditions, making this neuroinflammation process a surrogate marker of neuronal dysfunction. Neuroinflammation is associated with increased levels of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) and binding sites for TSPO ligands. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of TSPO is thus commonly used to monitor neuroinflammation in preclinical and clinical studies. It is widely considered that TSPO PET signal reveals reactive microglia, although a few studies suggested a potential contribution of reactive astrocytes. Because astrocytes and microglia play very different roles, it is crucial to determine whether reactive astrocytes can also overexpress TSPO and yield to a detectable TSPO PET signalin vivo. We used a model of selective astrocyte activation through lentiviral gene transfer of the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) into the rat striatum, in the absence of neurodegeneration. CNTF induced an extensive activation of astrocytes, which overexpressed GFAP and become hypertrophic, whereas microglia displayed minimal increase in reactive markers. Two TSPO radioligands, [18F]DPA-714 [N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide] and [11C]SSR180575 (7-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-5-[11C]methyl-4-oxo-3-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-pyridazino[4,5-b]indole-1-acetamide), showed a significant binding in the lenti-CNTF-injected striatum that was saturated and displaced by PK11195 [N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-isoquinoline-3-carboxamide]. The volume of radioligand binding matched the GFAP immunopositive volume. TSPO mRNA levels were significantly increased, and TSPO protein was overexpressed by CNTF-activated astrocytes. We show that reactive astrocytes overexpress TSPO, yielding to a significant and selective binding of TSPO radioligands. Therefore, caution must be used when interpreting TSPO PET imaging in animals or patients because reactive astrocytes can contribute to the signal in addition to reactive microglia.
Effect of Locomotor Training in Completely Spinalized Cats Previously Submitted to a Spinal Hemisection
Authors: Martinez Marina , Delivet-Mongrain Hugo , Leblond Hugues , Rossignol Serge
Published: August 2012

After a spinal hemisection in cats, locomotor plasticity occurring at the spinal level can be revealed by performing, several weeks later, a complete spinalization below the first hemisection. Using this paradigm, we recently demonstrated that the hemisection induces durable changes in the symmetry of locomotor kinematics that persist after spinalization. Can this asymmetry be changed again in the spinal state by interventions such as treadmill locomotor training started within a few days after the spinalization? We performed, in 9 adult cats, a spinal hemisection at thoracic level 10 and then a complete spinalization at T13, 3 weeks later. Cats were not treadmill trained during the hemispinal period. After spinalization, 5 of 9 cats were not trained and served as control while 4 of 9 cats were trained on the treadmill for 20 min, 5 d a week for 3 weeks. Using detailed kinematic analyses, we showed that, without training, the asymmetrical state of locomotion induced by the hemisection was retained durably after the subsequent spinalization. By contrast, training cats after spinalization induced a reversal of the left/right asymmetries, suggesting that new plastic changes occurred within the spinal cord through locomotor training. Moreover, training was shown to improve the kinematic parameters and the performance of the hindlimb on the previously hemisected side. These results indicate that spinal locomotor circuits, previously modified by past experience such as required for adaptation to the hemisection, can remarkably respond to subsequent locomotor training and improve bilateral locomotor kinematics, clearly showing the benefits of locomotor training in the spinal state.
Normal Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron Development and Function in miR-133b Mutant Mice
Authors: Heyer Mary P. , Pani Amar K. , Smeyne Richard J. , Kenny Paul J. , Feng Guoping
Published: August 2012

Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons control movement and emotion, and their degeneration leads to motor and cognitive defects in Parkinson's disease (PD). miR-133b is a conserved microRNA that is thought to regulate mDA neuron differentiation by targeting Pitx3, a transcription factor required for appropriate development of mDA substantia nigra neurons. Moreover, miR-133b has been found to be depleted in the midbrain of PD patients. However, the function of miR-133b in the intact midbrain has not been determined. Here we show that miR-133b null mice have normal numbers of mDA neurons during development and aging. Dopamine levels are unchanged in the striatum, while expression of dopaminergic genes, including Pitx3, is also unaffected. Finally, motor coordination and both spontaneous and psychostimulant-induced locomotion are unaltered in miR-133b null mice, suggesting that miR-133b does not play a significant role in mDA neuron development and maintenancein vivo.
A Gradient in Endogenous Rhythmicity and Oscillatory Drive Matches Recruitment Order in an Axial Motor Pool
Authors: Menelaou Evdokia , McLean David L.
Published: August 2012

The rhythmic firing behavior of spinal motoneurons is a function of their electrical properties and synaptic inputs. However, the relative contribution of endogenous versus network-based rhythmogenic mechanisms to locomotion is unclear. To address this issue, we have recorded from identified motoneurons and compared their current-evoked firing patterns to network-driven ones in the larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish axial motoneurons are recruited topographically from the bottom of the spinal cord up. Here, we have explored differences in the morphology of axial motoneurons, their electrical properties, and their synaptic drive, to reveal how they match the topographic pattern of recruitment. More ventrally located “secondary” motoneurons generate bursts of action potentials in response to constant current steps, demonstrating a strong inherent rhythmogenesis. The membrane potential oscillations underlying bursting behavior occur in the normal frequency range of swimming. In contrast, more dorsal secondaries chatter in response to current, while the most dorsally distributed “primary” motoneurons all fire tonically. We find that systematic variations in excitability and endogenous rhythmicity are inversely related to the level of oscillatory synaptic drive within the entire axial motor pool. Specifically, bursting cells exhibit the least amount of drive, while tonic cells exhibit the most. Our data suggest that increases in swimming frequency are accomplished by the recruitment of axial motoneurons that progressively rely on instructive synaptic drive to shape their oscillatory activity appropriately. Thus, within the zebrafish spinal cord, there are differences in the relative contribution of endogenous versus network-based rhythms to locomotion and these vary predictably according to order of recruitment.
Increase in Sodium Conductance Decreases Firing Rate and Gain in Model Neurons
Authors: Kispersky Tilman J. , Caplan Jonathan S. , Marder Eve
Published: August 2012

We studied the effects of increased sodium conductance on firing rate and gain in two populations of conductance-based, single-compartment model neurons. The first population consisted of 1000 model neurons with differing values of seven voltage-dependent conductances. In many of these models, increasing the sodium conductance threefold unexpectedly reduced the firing rate and divisively scaled the gain at high input current. In the second population, consisting of 1000 simplified model neurons, we found that enhanced sodium conductance changed the frequency–current (FI) curve in two computationally distinct ways, depending on the firing rate. In these models, increased sodium conductance produced a subtractive shift in the FI curve at low firing rates because the additional sodium conductance allowed the neuron to respond more strongly to equivalent input current. In contrast, at high input current, the increase in sodium conductance resulted in a divisive change in the gain because the increased conductance produced a proportionally larger activation of the delayed rectifier potassium conductance. The control and sodium-enhanced FI curves intersect at a point that delimits two regions in which the same biophysical manipulation produces two fundamentally different changes to the model neuron's computational properties. This suggests a potentially difficult problem for homeostatic regulation of intrinsic excitability.
Activation of Aurora-A Is Essential for Neuronal Migration via Modulation of Microtubule Organization
Authors: Takitoh Takako , Kumamoto Kanako , Wang Chen-Chi , Sato Makoto , Toba Shiori , Wynshaw-Boris Anthony , Hirotsune Shinji
Published: August 2012

Neuronal migration is a critical feature to ensure proper location and wiring of neurons during cortical development. Postmitotic neurons migrate from the ventricular zone into the cortical plate to establish neuronal lamina in an “inside-out” gradient of maturation. Here, we report that the mitotic kinase Aurora-A is critical for the regulation of microtubule organization during neuronal migration via an Aurora-A–NDEL1 pathway in the mouse. Suppression of Aurora-A activity by inhibitors or siRNA resulted in severe impairment of neuronal migration of granular neurons. In addition,in uteroinjection of the Aurora-A kinase-dead mutant provoked defective migration of cortical neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrated that suppression of Aurora-A impaired microtubule modulation in migrating neurons. Interestingly, suppression of CDK5 by an inhibitor or siRNA reduced Aurora-A activity and NDEL1 phosphorylation by Aurora-A, which led to defective neuronal migration. We found that CDK5RAP2 is a key molecule that mediates functional interaction and is essential for centrosomal targeting of Aurora-A. Our observations demonstrated novel and surprising cross talk between Aurora-A and CDK5 during neuronal migration.
Long-Range Parallel Processing and Local Recurrent Activity in the Visual Cortex of the Mouse
Authors: Polack Pierre-Olivier , Contreras Diego
Published: August 2012

The transfer of visual information from the primary visual cortex (V1) to higher order visual cortices is an essential step in visual processing. However, the dynamics of activation of visual cortices is poorly understood. In mice, several extrastriate areas surrounding V1 have been described. Using voltage-sensitive dye imagingin vivo, we determined the spatiotemporal dynamics of the activity evoked in the visual cortex by simple stimuli. Independently of precise areal boundaries, we found that V1 activation is rapidly followed by the depolarization of three functional groups of higher order visual areas organized retinotopically. After this sequential activation, all four regions were simultaneously active for most of the response. Concomitantly with the parallel processing of the visual input, the activity initiated retinotopically and propagated quickly and isotropically within each region. The size of this activation by local recurrent activity, which extended beyond the initial retinotopic response, was dependent on the intensity of the stimulus. Moreover the difference in the spatiotemporal dynamic of the response to dark and bright stimuli suggested the dominance in the mouse of the ON pathway. Our results suggest that the cortex integrates visual information simultaneously through across-area parallel and within-area serial processing.
Metaphernproduktion für Begreifbare Benutzerschnittstellen
Authors: Groh Rainer , Gründer Thomas , Keck Mandy
Published: August 2012

In der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion werden konkrete Bilder oder Gestaltstrukturen ausgewählt, um sie als Metaphern auf abstrakte Funktionen und Operationen eines technischen Systems zu übertragen. In diesem Aufsatz wird eine Methode vorgestellt, mit welcher die Metapher im Sinne der Gestaltung von Begreifbaren Benutzerschnittstellen produziert wird. Durch die Interaktion mit alltäglichen Stoffen und Strukturen werden neue Metaphern gefunden und erforscht. Die vorgestellte Methode wird mit Beispielen der studentischen Feldforschung illustriert.
Expression and effect of fibroblast growth factor 9 in bovine theca cells
Authors: Schreiber N B , Totty M L , Spicer L J
Published: August 2012

Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) protein affects granulosa cell (GC) function but is mostly localized to theca cell (TC) and stromal cell of rat ovaries. The objectives of this study were to determine the 1) effects of FGF9 on TC steroidogenesis, gene expression, and cell proliferation; 2) mechanism of action of FGF9 on TCs; and 3) hormonal control ofFGF9mRNA expression in TCs. Bovine ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and TCs were collected from large (8–22 mm) follicles and treated with various hormones in serum-free medium for 24 or 48 h. FGF9 caused a dose-dependent inhibition (P<0.05) of LH- and LH+IGF1-induced androstenedione and progesterone production. Also, FGF9 inhibited (P<0.05) LH+IGF1-induced expression ofLHCGR,CYP11A1, andCYP17A1mRNA (via real-time RT-PCR) in TCs. FGF9 had no effect (P>0.10) onSTARmRNA abundance. Furthermore, FGF9 inhibited dibutyryl cAMP-induced progesterone and androstenedione production in LH+IGF1-treated TCs. By contrast, FGF9 increased (P<0.05) the number of bovine TCs. Abundance ofFGF9mRNA in GCs and TCs was several-fold greater (P<0.05) in small (1–5 mm) vs large follicles. Tumor necrosis factor α and WNT5A increased (P<0.05) abundance ofFGF9mRNA in TCs. In summary, expression ofFGF9mRNA in TCs is developmentally and hormonally regulated. FGF9 may act as an autocrine regulator of ovarian function in cattle by slowing TC differentiation via inhibiting LH+IGF1 action via decreasing gonadotropin receptors and the cAMP signaling cascade while stimulating proliferation of TCs.
Application of shallow seismic profiling to study riverbed architectural facies: a case study of the Tocantins river (Pará - Brazil)
Authors: Ianniruberto Marco , Campos José E.G. , Araújo Vitto C.M.
Published: August 2012

To date, the vast majority of river sedimentology study has relied on two main categories of observation: direct observation of shallow trenches, cut faces and cores or geophysical survey on dry and shallow regions of braid bars. In this study, a sub-bottom profiler was used to investigate the stratigraphy of the lower course of the Tocantins River in the Amazon region, between the city of Tucuruì and the village of Nazaré dos Patos. The interest in this specific region lies on the possible variation of the fluvial regime due to the installation of the dam of the Tucuruì hydroelectric plant and the perspective that such river would become navigable as soon as the canal lock will be completed. Collected data show a detailed variety and complexity of architectural elements, as well as internal structure of sandy macroforms. Furthermore, the results allowed the identification of three main environments linked to channel sedimentation processes: by-pass, transition and deposition environments, whose distribution is linked to channel dynamics and bedrock topography. The application of the study is manifold, once it provides not only an insight into sedimentary structure of alluvial forms and sedimentation history, but also elements demanded to plan eventual engineering works for river navigability.
Estimated atmospheric emissions from biodiesel and characterization of pollutants in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre-RS
Authors: Teixeira Elba C. , Mattiuzi Camila D.P. , Feltes Sabrina , Wiegand Flavio , Santana Eduardo R.R.
Published: August 2012

The purpose of the present study was to estimate emissions of some pollutants (CO, NOX, HC, SOX, and PM) in diesel fleet due to the addition of biodiesel in different blends, as well as to assess atmospheric pollutant concentrations in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre (MAPA). The methodology was based on inventories from mobile sources based on US EPA's technical report. Regarding air quality the following parameters were determined: PM10, PM2.5, CO, NOX, O3, SO2, HC and PAHs. The results showed a decrease for emissions PM, CO, and HC, and a slight increase for NOX. The characterization of atmospheric pollutants in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre showed that they are influenced by mobile sources, particularly diesel vehicles. The diagnosis of ratios analysis that was applied to facilitate the identification of sources of PAHs, indicated an influence of diesel oil.
Areas of natural occurrence of Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the state of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Alves Rogério M.O. , Carvalho Carlos A.L. , Souza Bruno A. , Santos Wyratan S.
Published: August 2012

The bee Melipona scutellaris is considered the reared meliponine species with the largest distribution in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, with records from the state of Rio Grande do Norte down to the state of Bahia. Considering the importance of this species in the generation of income for family agriculture and in the preservation of areas with natural vegetation, this study aimed at providing knowledge on the distribution of natural colonies of M. scutellaris in the state of Bahia. Literature information, interviews with stinglessbee beekeepers, and expeditions were conducted to confirm the natural occurrence of the species. A total of 102 municipalities showed records for M. scutellaris, whose occurrence was observed in areas ranging from sea level up to 1,200-meter height. The occurrence of this species in the state of Bahia is considered to be restricted to municipalities on the coastal area and the Chapada Diamantina with its rainforests. Geographic coordinates, elevation, climate and vegetation data were obtained, which allowed a map to be prepared for the area of occurrence in order to support conservation and management policies for the species.
Occurrence of lace bug Vatiga illudens and Vatiga manihotae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Mato Grosso do Sul, midwestern Brazil
Authors: Bellon Patrícia P. , Wengrat Ana P.G.S. , Kassab Samir O. , Pietrowski Vanda , Loureiro Elisângela S.
Published: August 2012

Nymphs and adults of the lace bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae) have been found in cassava crops (Manihot esculenta) in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The insects were collected in the field and taken to the laboratory where they were identified based on some morphological traits of the species Vatiga manihotae (Drake) and V. illudens (Drake), which are first reported in the aforementioned state.
Seed size influence on germination responses to light and temperature of seven pioneer tree species from the Central Amazon
Authors: Aud Fabiana F. , Ferraz Isolde D.K.
Published: August 2012

In Amazon secondary forests are dominated by pioneer species that typically produce large amounts of small and dormant seeds that are able to form a persistent soil seed bank. Seed dormancy in this group of species is overcome by environmental conditions found in open areas, such as high irradiation or alternating temperatures. Nevertheless, a variety of germination responses to environmental factors is known among pioneers; some of them may germinate in diffuse light or in darkness condition at constant temperature. Seed mass can be considered as one of the factors that promotes this variety. Regarding species with very small seeds, it seems that the trigger for germination is light and for larger seeds temperature alternation may be a more important stimulus. In this study we established a relationship between seed mass and germination response to light and alternating temperature for a group of seven woody pioneer species from the Amazon forest. We found that an increase in seed mass was followed by a decrease in the need for light and an increase in the tolerance to alternating temperatures. Understanding germination strategies may contribute with the knowledge of species coexistence in high diverse environments and also may assist those involved in forest management and restoration.
Pear quality characteristics by Vis / NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Machado Nicácia P. , Fachinello José C. , Galarça Simone P. , Betemps Débora L. , Pasa Mateus S. , Schmitz Juliano D.
Published: August 2012

Recently, non-destructive techniques such as the Vis / NIR spectroscopy have been used to evaluate the characteristics of maturation and quality of pears. The study aims to validate the readings by the Vis / NIR spectroscopy as a non-destructive way to assess the qualitative characteristics of pear cultivars 'Williams', 'Packams' and 'Carrick', produced according to Brazilian conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Pelotas Federal University, UFPel, in Pelotas / RS, and the instrument used to measure the fruit quality in a non-destructive way was the NIR- Case spectrophotometer (SACMI, Imola, Italy). To determine pears' soluble solids (SS) and pulp firmness (PF), it was established calibration equations for each variety studied, done from the evaluations obtained by a non-destructive method (NIR-Case) and a destructive method. Further on, it was tested the performance of these readings by linear regressions. The results were significant for the soluble solids parameter obtained by the Vis / NIR spectroscopy; however, it did not achieve satisfactory results for the pear pulp firmness of these cultivars. It is concluded that the Vis / NIR spectroscopy, using linear regression, allows providing reliable estimates of pears' quality levels, especially for soluble solids.
Fatty acids composition in seeds of the South American glasswort Sarcocornia ambigua
Authors: D'oca Marcelo G.M. , Morón-Villarreyes Joaquín A. , Lemões Juliana S. , Costa César S.B.
Published: August 2012

Sarcocornia ambigua (Michx.) M.A. Alonso & M.B. Crespo is the most widely distributed species of the perennial genus of glasswort in South America, and it shows great biotechnological potential as a salt-water irrigated crop. Qualitative and quantitative compositions of fatty acids were determined in the seeds of S. ambigua that were cultivated in southern Brazil. Hexane extraction of the seed oil from S. ambigua yielded 13% of total lipids. The GC-FID (Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector) analysis of the hexane extracts showed five prominent peaks for the seed oil: 42.9 wt.% linoleic-Ω6 acid (18:2), 20.4 wt.% palmitic acid (16:0), 18.5 wt.% oleic acid (18:1), 4.5 wt.% stearic acid (18:0) and 4.0 wt.% linolenic-Ω3 acid (18:3). The sum of the saturated palmitic and stearic acids (24.8%) in S. ambigua seed oil exceeded values cited for commercial oils use, as well as the seed oil from the cultivated annual glasswort Salicornia bigelovii. No undesirable fatty acid components were found in S. ambigua seed oil, and it could be recommended for animal consumption or biofuel production.
Endocrine cells and nerve ganglia of the small intestine of the Opossum Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied, 1826 (Mammalia: Didelphidae)
Authors: Freitas-Ribeiro Gláucia M. , Fonseca Cláudio C. , Sartori Sirlene S.R. , Loures-Ribeiro Alan , Neves Clóvis A.
Published: August 2012

The nervous and endocrine systems jointly control intestinal movements, secretions of their glands and also participate of the processes of nutrient digestion and absorption. Therefore, the central objective of this study was to verify the existence of a possible relationship between the number of nervous cells and ganglia of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses and the number of endocrine cells in the small intestine of adult D. aurita. The utilized staining techniques were Grimelius, modified Masson-Fontana, direct immunoperoxidase and H-E. Argyrophillic, argentaffin and insulin immunoreactive endocrine cells do not numerically vary between the initial, mid and final regions of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P>0.05), except for argyrophillic cells in the jejunum (P>0.05). No numerical relationship has yet been verified between the number of nerve ganglia and endocrine cells, and also between nervous and endocrine cells. We recommended the use of new immunohistochemical techniques to confirm the numerical correlation between the nervous and endocrine systems in the small intestine. The morphology and distribution of endocrine cells and the nerve ganglia studied were similar to those encountered in eutherian mammals.
Influence of tides and winds on fishing techniques and strategies in the Mamanguape River Estuary, Paraíba State, NE Brazil
Authors: Bezerra Dandara M.M. , Nascimento Douglas M. , Ferreira Emmanoela N. , Rocha Pollyana D. , Mourão José S.
Published: August 2012

This work was carried out in two small fishing communities, Barra de Mamanguape and Tramataia, Northeastern Brazil. The aim was to study these traditional fishermen's knowledge and perception about tide and wind classifications, as well as their fishing strategies and techniques. Our research methodology involved various techniques: free interviews and semi-structured ones, guided tours and direct observations. The results obtained show the fishermen's classification of the tides according to the phases of the moon: 'breaking tide', 'flushing tide', 'dead tide' and 'big tide' designated technically these last as neap tide and spring tide, respectively. Wind is also an essential factor for the fishermen to make successful catches, and they classify it according to direction: North, South, East, Southeast, Southwest, Northeast and Northwest. The data show that fishermen's knowledge can also be useful in devising plans for management and conservation studies for this estuary.
A psicologia e a educação moral
Authors: Sampaio Leonardo Rodrigues
Published: August 2012

Na Psicologia, o campo de estudos sobre o desenvolvimento moral, a partir de uma perspectiva psicogenética, teve início com o trabalho O Juízo Moral na Criança, escrito por Jean Piaget, em 1932. Nesse livro, o psicólogo suíço relata uma série de experimentos que demonstram que a moralidade se desenvolve com o passar do tempo e à medida que novas aquisições no campo cognitivo e afetivo são conquistadas pelo sujeito. De lá para cá, esse campo de estudos tem crescido constantemente e produzido novas teorias e propostas de intervenção no âmbito da educação moral. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma breve visão sobre algumas das principais teorias psicológicas que abordam a questão do desenvolvimento moral, demonstrar algumas propostas de aplicação dessas teorias em programas de intervenção e argumentar que a Educação se apresenta como um espaço privilegiado para o desenvolvimento desse tipo de atividade, que não tem sido devidamente aproveitado no Brasil.
Percepção dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre a violência doméstica contra a mulher
Authors: Scaranto Catarina Antunes Alves , Biazevic Maria Gabriela Haye , Michel-Crosato Edgard
Published: August 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a percepção dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre a violência doméstica contra a mulher. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório. Utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista semi-estruturada como instrumento de coleta dos dados. Foram entrevistados vinte e seis agentes comunitários de saúde, pertencentes aos vinte e cinco centros de saúde de um Município de médio porte da Região Sul do Brasil, em 2005. Para análise dos dados, empregou-se o método do discurso do sujeito coletivo. A análise dos resultados mostrou relato de violência doméstica contra a mulher pelo companheiro, seja física, sexual, psicológica ou econômica. É preciso dar subsídios teórico-práticos aos profissionais para detectar situações de violência, encontrar a forma de abordar as famílias e dar encaminhamento tanto aos casos de violência quanto de uso de álcool/drogas. A violência contra a mulher necessita ser alvo de políticas públicas consistentes e deve ser, efetivamente, considerada questão de saúde pública a partir do conceito ampliado de saúde.
Percepção de risco e velocidade: a lei e os motoristas
Authors: Thielen Iara Picchioni , Grassi Maria Virgínia Filomena Cremasco , Soares Diogo Picchioni , Hartmann Ricardo Carlos , Mazuroski Júnior Aristeu , Baladón Cristiano Moreno
Published: August 2012

Este artigo focaliza o excesso de velocidade no trânsito urbano e analisa o impacto da legislação sobre a percepção e o comportamento dos motoristas. O ponto de partida para a análise foram os textos legais sobre limites de velocidade: o Código de Trânsito Brasileiro de 1997, a legislação estadual, que modificou o enquadramento das vias no Paraná, e, em conseqüência, afetou as determinações relativas ao excesso de velocidade, e a Lei Federal de 2006, que modificou os limites de velocidade. Os textos legais apresentam ambivalências, que distorcem o conceito de limite e podem reforçar percepções inadequadas de que "correr moderadamente" não oferece risco. Isso se deve às constantes mudanças na legislação e à divulgação confusa, que permite que os motoristas reinterpretem a lei, identificando velocidades máximas conforme seu próprio entendimento. A placa de sinalização perde a função de estímulo discriminativo e torna-se incapaz de orientar um comportamento adequado e compatível com um trânsito seguro, o que potencializa os riscos. Recomenda-se que os textos legais sejam inequívocos, a fim de impedir outras interpretações, e fixem o limite único, a partir do qual todo excesso seja considerado gravíssimo.
Orientação profissional em contexto coletivo: uma experiência em pré-vestibular popular
Authors: Soares Dulce Helena Penna , Krawulski Edite , Dias Maria Sara de Lima , D'Avila Geruza T.
Published: August 2012

Este artigo relata uma atividade de orientação profissional (OP) realizada em um cursinho pré-vestibular popular. Os objetivos foram sensibilizar para o processo de escolha do curso superior, favorecer a expressão de sentimentos com relação ao vestibular e ao próprio cursinho e promover a integração dos alunos. Fundamentando-se no psicodrama, a metodologia adotada envolveu debates grupais mediados pela produção de cartazes, a fim de favorecer a livre expressão de sentimentos mobilizados pelo vestibular e pela condição de freqüentadores do referido cursinho. Esses instrumentos permitiram também uma identificação e melhor integração entre os jovens, como também uma tomada de consciência de seus processos de escolha pelo curso universitário. Tal prática permitiu auxiliar esses alunos no reconhecimento das necessidades derivadas daquela condição, fortalecendo-os para o processo de escolha, para o enfrentamento da experiência do vestibular e também para a identificação e formação de vínculos com o grupo do qual faziam parte naquele momento.
Morfologia e fitomassa do girassol cultivado com déficits hidricos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento
Authors: Silva Alexandre R. A. da , Bezerra Francisco M. L. , Freitas Cley A. S. de , Pereira Filho João V. , Andrade Ricardo R. de , Feitosa Daniel R. C.
Published: August 2012

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a morfologia, a produção e a partição de fitomassa do girassol cv. Multissol quando submetido a déficits de irrigação em Pentecoste, CE. Utilizou-se o delineamento estatístico em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo (8 x 3), com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos definidos em função da época de indução do déficit de irrigação nos estádios vegetativo, floração e formação da produção, correspondendo à ocorrência de déficit hídrico em 1, 2 ou 3 estádios e três épocas de avaliação (aos 52, 68 e 110º dia após a semeadura). A altura da planta, o número de folhas e o diâmetro do caule foram negativamente afetados pelos efeitos isolados dos déficits de irrigação e das épocas de avaliação. Os déficits de irrigação e as épocas de avaliação interagiram e afetaram a área foliar, a massa seca da folha, do pecíolo, do caule, do capítulo e total. A melhor resposta em ganhos de crescimento e de produção de fitomassa deu-se no tratamento sem déficit de irrigação, em todo o ciclo. Os déficits de irrigação não modificaram a partição de fitomassa. O nível de irrigação equivalente a 50% da ETo comprometeu a morfologia e a produção de fitomassa quando aplicado em qualquer estádio de desenvolvimento.
Desenvolvimento de software para interpretação de dados gasométricos aplicável em unidades de terapia intensiva
Authors: Fernandes Tiana Oliveira Vidal , Queiroz Rodrigo Santos de , Jesus Ramon Santana de , Vasconcelos Lucas Silva
Published: August 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um software para interpretação de dados gasométricos aplicável em UTIs. Trata-se de estudo de caráter experimental, sendo selecionada uma base teórica em Java com a IDE NetBeans 6.8 por meio de parceria com profissionais capacitados em Sistemas de Informação. O desenvolvimento do programa foi baseado na criação de um algoritmo, uma sequência de instruções bem definidas e não ambíguas a serem executadas mecanicamente com a finalidade de fornecer um diagnóstico desejado. Foi criado um software aplicável em UTIs denominado InterGas, que é um programa de fácil instalação, possui interface de fácil compreensão e utilização, além de processar os dados rapidamente e de forma precisa, oferecendo como resultado final o diagnóstico para o distúrbio do equilíbrio ácido-básico. O desconhecimento de outra ferramenta que reúna todos os componentes do InterGas o torna um software pioneiro que facilita a tomada de decisão à medida que caracteriza a ocorrência de distúrbios mistos utilizando fórmulas de compensação. Com isso, futuros estudos deverão ser feitos com o objetivo de avaliar aspectos relacionados à implementação e eficácia do software desenvolvido.
Exploração de fatores de risco para lesões desportivas em atletas de tênis de mesa
Authors: Shimazaki Tamlyn , Almeida Eliezer de , Vanderlei Franciele Marques , Cintra Filho Dino de Aguiar , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques , Pastre Carlos Marcelo , Bastos Fabio Nascimento
Published: August 2012

A prática do tênis de mesa requer inúmeras ações dinâmicas que podem conduzir a lesões desportivas, por isso é de importância conhecer fatores inerentes ao traumatismo nos atletas para posterior formulação dos modelos preventivos. Objetivou-se explorar os fatores de risco para lesões desportivas em mesa-tenistas. Para isso, foram entrevistados 111 atletas participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Tênis de Mesa, com média de idade de 22,39±8,88 anos de ambos os gêneros, recrutados ao acaso, classificados em dois níveis competitivos: regional/estadual e nacional/internacional. Utilizou-se o Inquérito de Morbidade Referida adaptado com as características do tênis de mesa com a finalidade de reunir dados pessoais, de treinamento e da lesão desportiva. Foram observadas 0,51 lesões por atleta, e os atletas de nível nacional/internacional apresentaram maiores índices de lesão (52,94%) do que os de nível estadual/regional (48,84%). No gesto específico, notou-se que os membros superiores (93,62%) e o tronco (87,5%) são os locais mais acometidos. Para ambos os níveis, o treinamento foi o momento mais relatado de ocorrência dos agravos. Conclui-se que atletas de nível nacional/internacional possuem maiores índices de lesão e que o gesto específico é a principal causa das lesões, acometendo principalmente os membros superiores e o tronco e ocorrendo com maior frequência durante o treinamento.