bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of xylo-oligosaccharides from Miscanthus x giganteus by autohydrolysis
Authors: Ligero Pablo , van der Kolk Johannes C. , de Vega Alberto , van Dam Jan E.G.
Published: June 2023

Xylo-oligosaccharides were obtained from Miscanthus x giganteus. The process was designed as a biorefinery scheme, which seeks the separation of the three main components: cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. To extract the hemicelluloses, particularly xylans, in an efficient way, Miscanthus was subjected to autohydrolysis. The system was evaluated for the effects of temperature (160 to 200oC) and reaction time (15 to 60 min) on various parameters, reflecting the changes undergone during the process. The results showed that autohydrolysis is a suitable method for obtaining high yields of xylo-oligosaccharides, reaching values close to 65% of the dissolved xylans (based on the initial amount of potential xylose). Analysis of the process by using the severity factor (RO) allowed for the identification of a set of time-temperature values for which the fractionation was optimal.
The suitability of steam exploded Vitis vinifera and alkaline lignin for the manufacture of fiberboard
Authors: Mancera Camilo , El Mansouri Nour-Eddine , Ferrando Francesc , Salvado Joan
Published: June 2023

The main objective of this study was to explore the suitability of Vitis vinifera as a raw material and alkaline lignin as a natural binder for fiberboard manufacturing. In the first step, Vitis vinifera was steam- exploded through a thermo-mechanical vapor process in a batch reactor, and the obtained pulp was dried, ground, and pressed to produce the boards. The effects of pretreatment factors and pressing conditions on the chemical composition of the fibers and the physico-mechanical properties of binderless fiberboards were evaluated, and the conditions that optimize these properties were found. A response surface method based on a central composite design and multiple-response optimization was used. The variables studied and their respective variation ranges were: pretreatment temperature (Tr: 190-210ºC), pretreatment time (tr: 5-10 min), pressing temperature (Tp: 190-210ºC), pressing pressure (Pp: 8-16MPa), and pressing time (tp: 3-7min). The results of the optimization step show that binderless fiberboards have good water resistance and weaker mechanical properties. In the second step, fiberboards based on alkaline lignin and Vitis vinifera pulp produced at the optimal conditions determined for binderless fiberboards were prepared and their physico-mechanical properties were tested. Our results show that the addition of about 15% alkaline lignin leads to the production of fiberboards that fully meet the requirements of the relevant standard specifications.
Tobacco residuals as promising lignocellulosic materials for pulp and paper industry
Authors: Shakhes Jalal , Marandi Morteza A. B. , Zeinaly Farhad , Saraian Ahmadreza , Saghaf Tayebe
Published: June 2023

Fiber dimensions, chemical composition, and soda and soda-AQ pulping of tobacco stalks were examined to assess if they were suitable for pulp and paper production. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of tobacco stalks were similar to those of nonwoods and hardwoods. The average values of length, diameter, and cell wall thickness of tobacco stalks fibers were determined as 1.23 mm, 24.31 μm, and 8.93 μm, respectively. The holocellulose and alpha-cellulose in tobacco stalks were lower than those of hardwoods and common nonwoods. In addition, lignin content of tobacco stalks was lower than that of hardwood. The holocelluloses, alpha-cellulose, lignin, and ash contents of tobacco stalks were examined to be 67.79, 39.20, 18.90, and 6.86 wt%, respectively. The optimum cooking conditions for a bleachable pulp of tobacco stalks were found to be as follows: active alkali 25%, temperature 165°C, cooking time 180 min, and 0.2% anthraquinone. Addition of anthraquinone resulted in lower screening rejects and lower kappa number, higher screen yield, and higher brightness. The bleaching of tobacco stalk pulp did not respond very well. The brightness of pulp made by tobacco stalks reached about 73.06% on DED and 78.2% on DEDD bleaching sequences.
Characterization and detergent compatibility of purified protease produced from Aspergillus niger by utilizing agro wastes
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiaq , Zia Muhammad Anjum , Iftikhar Tehreema , Iqbal Hafiz Muhammad Nasir
Published: June 2023

A study was conducted to purify and characterize a novel protease produced from Aspergillus niger using different lignocellulosic agro-based by-products including corncobs, wheat bran, and rice bran as substrates under SSF. Maximum protease activity was recorded on wheat bran fermented culture media after the 3rd day of incubation. The optimal conditions found for protease production using wheat bran were cultivation period (3 days), substrate concentration (10 g), pH (7), incubation temperature (45oC), inoculum size (4 mL), and 3% surfactant Tween-80 (2 mL). A purification fold of 2.41 with 29 U/mg specific activity and 70.73 % recovery was achieved after purification. Purified protease from A. niger had a molecular weight of 47 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme activity profile showed that purified protease was optimally active at pH 7 and 45oC as optimum values. A. niger protease was reasonably stable in the pH range 5-8 and 35-60oC for up to 1 h incubation. Protease was activated by various metal ions/inhibitors tested, Mn2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, PMSF, Pepstatin and Iodoacetic acid at 1 mM, proving the enzyme as metalloprotease, whereas an inhibitory effect was shown by certain agents including EDTA and SDS. The purified protease was compatible with five local detergents with up to 25 days of shelf life at room temperature. The maximum production of protease in the presence of a cheaper substrate at low concentration and its potential as a detergent additive for improved washing makes the strain and its enzymes potentially useful for industrial purposes, especially for the detergent and laundry industry.
The Use of Social Media and its Relationship to Psychological Alienation and Academic Procrastination
Authors: Hammad Mohammad , Awed Huda Shaaban
Published: June 2023

Although social media has been of great benefit to the flow of information and lifestyle inspiration, some negatives have radically changed an individual's life from a societal perspective. It enslaved its users psychologically and socially; Users have become victims of the digital product rather than the controller. Many psychological, social, academic, and cultural problems have emerged. Therefore, it was important to determine the extent to which social media was used by young people. Study the relationship between social media use, psychological alienation, and academic procrastination, and the differences between males and females in the study variables. The data was collected from 345 students from Najran University, of whom (186) were males and (159) were females. The average age of the sample ranged from (M = 21.3 years, and SD = 2.87 years. The results showed that 73.33% of the participants used social media more than four hours a day. Linear regression analysis also showed that students who would serve social media more than four hours a day had a higher level of psychological alienation and academic procrastination compared to those who used social media for less than two hours. In addition, there are no statistically significant differences between males and females in psychological alienation, while differences have emerged. A statistically significant function between males and females in academic procrastination in the direction of males. These findings suggest the importance of illustrating the negative effects of frequent use of social media on students, youth, and members of society in general. In addition to the importance of officials and relevant authorities such as universities, educational institutions, the family, and the media, to educate young people about the negative effects of the frequent use of social media on psychological, social, and academic aspects.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Palm Oil Plantation and Mill with Impact Categories Global Warming Potential, Acidification, and Eutrophication
Authors: Sari Deffi Ayu Puspito , Rahmah Alifia , Sasongko Nugroho Adi
Published: June 2023

The aims are to capture the energy and materials data used to analyze the LCA results in PT. X Study oil palm plantations and mills in Indonesia to find out which stages have the greatest impact on global warming potential (GWP), acidification, and eutrophication. The method used is the LCA approach with the CML-Baseline method. The system boundary in this research is cradle-to-gate on the plantation and mill. The data collected from January to December 2019 exclude the land-use change in plantation, liquid waste and sludge, tools used in plantation, and the amount of water used in plantation and mill, the data proceeded on Microsoft Excel and SimaPro 9.0.0.49. The inventory data collected from plantations are fertilizers, pesticides during plant maintenance, and diesel fuel for transportation, also inventory data collected from mills are electrical energy, steam energy, and diesel fuel. The greatest emissions or hotspots at the plantations are on the usage of fertilizers NPK 15-7-24+1 (384 Kg CO2 equivalent/Ton CPO for GWP, 1.93 Kg SO2 equivalent/Ton for acidification, and 0.65 Kg PO4 equivalent/Ton CPO for eutrophication). The hotspots at the mills for GWP and acidification are on the usage of steam energy boiler no.1 (1,273 Kg CO 2 equivalent/Ton CPO and 10.4 Kg SO 2 equivalent/Ton CPO respectively), and the result for eutrophication is 0.64 Kg PO 4 equivalent/Ton CPO on the usage of electrical energy, Cummins 1 and Cummins 2. The total impact factor is 2.433 Ton CO2 equivalent/Ton CPO for GWP, 16.41 x 10-3 Ton SO2 equivalent/Ton CPO for acidification, and 2,65 x 10-3 Ton PO4 equivalent/Ton CPO for eutrophication.
Social Media Addiction and Its Relationship to Symptoms of Depression and Generalized Anxiety in Deaf and Hard-Of-Hearing Students
Authors: Hammad Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Social media has become a virtual social and entertainment environment for many individuals. In today's society, although social media provide a useful way to connect with peers, it can expose users to addiction to these means, affecting their mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between social media addiction and symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety in deaf and hard-of-hearing students (DHH). Data was collected from 165 students in integration schools in southern Saudi Arabia. The mean age of the sample ranged from M = 18.6 years, SD = 1.81 years. The Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Andresen et al., 1994) was used. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (Spitzer et al., 2006). The results revealed that more than 50% of DHH students have a moderate level of addiction to social media. More than 25% have a severe level of addiction. In addition, as expected, the results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between social media addiction and both symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety. Linear regression analysis showed that generalized depression and anxiety significantly predicted social media addiction. The study recommended the importance of spreading psychological awareness of the dangers of social media addiction, and the damage it carries to the mental health of individuals. Holding awareness courses and lectures for DHH students and people with disabilities in general on the negative effects of social media addiction on mental health.
Large-Scale Insect Detection With Fine-Tuning YOLOX
Authors: Doan Thanh-Nghi
Published: June 2023

With the aim of detecting insect pests at an early stage, there has been an increasing demand for insect pest detection and classification, particularly in large-scale setups. Therefore, the aim of this research is to introduce a new real-time pest detection technique using a deep convolutional neural network, which not only offers improved accuracy but also faster speed and less computational effort. The networks were constructed using various modern object detector models such as YOLOv4, YOLOv5, and YOLOX. Our proposed networks were evaluated on a standard large-scale insect pest dataset, IP102, as well as on our collected dataset, Insect10. The experimental results demonstrate that our system surpasses previous methods and achieves satisfactory performance with 84.84% mAP on the Insect10 dataset and 54.19% mAP on the IP102 dataset. Our system can deliver precise and real-time pest detection and identification for agricultural crops, enabling highly accurate end-to-end pest detection that can be applied in realistic farming scenarios.
Supply Chain Management Performance Measurement. Case Studies from Developing Countries
Authors: Sinoimeri Dea
Published: June 2023

Supply chain management is critical for companies (suppliers, distributors, manufacturers, and retailers) and researchers. Supply chain sustainability is important in Developing Countries. To evaluate the performance of supply chains in companies located in Developing Countries like Albania and Kosovo, this article will examine the findings of the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) model. Utilizing the SCOR model can improve a company’s chances of survival and rivalry in the market. The selection of Performance Attributes appears to be the standard for measuring performance. By contrast, Snorm De Boer normalization equates the importance of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) calculates the weighted criteria of KPIs, and Objective Matrix (OMAX) analyzes the measurement results of the KPIs. This article identifies unexplored areas for future research that will be beneficial in the field of supply chain management, such as the creation of supply chain performance metrics, creation of a model that is tightly integrated into the supply chain, and  handling supply chain-related problems and issues.
Education of the Affective Ideal in Contexts of Cultural Diversity: BIBLIOMETRIC and Thematic Analysis (2006-2021)
Authors: Carrasco Ingrid Bravo , Mella Enrique Riquelme , Saldivia Ximena Gutiérrez , Vilugrón Gerardo Fuentes
Published: June 2023

Emotional education has grown exponentially in the last decade, although outlining an emotional regulation from parameters of majority cultural groups that leaves aside the socialization of emotion from an affective ideal- or the expected behaviour on the emotional plane that considers cultural differences and education minority group family members. This study is to analyse research about the affective ideal in contexts of cultural diversity to contribute to it understanding in education, through a review of documents published in the Web of Sciences, Scopus, and APA PsycNet databases, in the diachronic period 2006-2021. The need for an emotional education that recognizes the affective ideal of the cultures shared in a territory is discussed. It is concluded that there is an incipient investigation of cultural mediatization on the affective ideal in contexts of sociocultural diversity, and little research in the educational plane. This should be preferred in Latin America, marked by models of monocultural emotional education models, which in culturally diverse educational settings, translates into discrimination and racism.
Effect of Cryoprotective Solutions on Metabolic Activity of Chlorococcum dissectum and Dunaliella salina Cell Cultures
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Vozovyk Krystyna , Chernobai Nadiia ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Kadnikova Nataliya ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Shevchenko Nadiia ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2023

Development of protocols for cryopreservation of microalgae Chlorococcum dissectum Korshikov and Dunaliella salina Teodoresco requires selection of effective cryoprotectants and their concentrations. One of the stages of choosing the optimal concentrations of cryoprotectants is determining the degree of toxicity for cells at the equilibration stage. Solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, ethanol, glycerol (5–30%) and modified PVS1 and PVS2 (50 and 75%) were used in the research. The effect of cryoprotective compounds was determined by the resazurin reduction test. The least damaging effect on the Ch. dissectum cells was made by a 10% solution of glycerol. Treatment of the samples with ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions reduced metabolic activity by 31–33%, the ethylene glycol ones did by 50%. Incubation in 75% modified PVS1, 50 and 75% PVS2 solutions reduced the metabolic activity by more than half compared to the control. Ethanol was the most toxic cryoprotectant for D. salina cells. Exposure of cells to the solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol and glycerol reduced metabolic activity by 25%. Incubation of D. salina cells in PVS did not affect the studied index.
Cryoresistance Differences Between Species of Autotrops From Polar Regions Sensed by Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Puhovkin Anton ,   Masaryk University, Department of Experimental Biology, Brno, Czech Republic,   State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Centre of the Ministry of Education and Science, Kyiv, Ukraine, Hájek Josef ,   Masaryk University, Department of Experimental Biology, Brno, Czech Republic, Giordano Davide ,   Masaryk University, Department of Experimental Biology, Brno, Czech Republic, Sekerák Jiři ,   Masaryk University, Department of Experimental Biology, Brno, Czech Republic, Bartak Miloš ,   Masaryk University, Department of Experimental Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
Published: June 2023

Lichens from the cold regions of Earth exhibit high, but different degree of tolerance to drought and freeze stresses. Therefore, three lichen species Xanthoria elegans, Umbilicaria cylindrica, Usnea sphacelata, and a representative of extremophilic cyanobacteria Nostoc commune were selected to measure temperature response curves of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in cooling experiment using a constant rate of cooling from 20 to –45°C. Two chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV/FM – potential yield of photosynthetic processes in photosystem II and ΦPSII – effective quantum yield) were measured with a modulated fluorometer. For all experimental species, the temperature-response curves of II FV/FM and ΦPSII showed typical triphasic shape: plateau (temperature decrease from 20 to –5°C), decline, and a shoulder reaching the critical point. The phase typically formed a S-curve of different shape as dependent on species and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter. U. cylindrica was the most cryoresistant in terms of photosynthetic processes ongoing in thylakoid membrane of chloroplast at below zero temperature.
Palitation care: the evolution of philosophical and social developments.
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Oparin O.A. , Rogozhin B.A. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Serdyuk O.I. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University
Published: June 2023

The work shows that in the ancient world, only the people of Israel had principles of providing palliative care at the legislative level, which was due to the high ethical values of the religion of Israel and the presence of the Ten-Word Law of God, while the religions and philosophies of other peoples of antiquity were not given because of what they preached. no basis for the formation of palliative care as such. In the Middle Ages, concepts and doctrines preached by the state medieval church of Europe, according to which, in particular, pain should be endured as God’s punishment or test, made it impossible to form palliative care at the state level. Over time, the Great Reformation created conditions where Christian ethics with its principles of charity and care for one’s neighbor became the main factor influencing these processes. It was the changes in belief, in the background of public views on obligations to moral values, which are based on the values of the faith of the apostolic times, that prompted the authorities of numerous European cities to pay attention to the activities of church hospitals, and over time to the creation of city-communal hospitals and hospices. It is shown that the achievements of modern history demonstrate that the creation of an effective palliative care system is impossible without basic moral principles and spirituality. It should be a part of building the state as a whole, an important component of the functioning of civil society and ensuring the basic rights of citizens regarding life and health.
Insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases: focus on common in pathogenesis and treatment.
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Zhuravlyova L.V. , Rohachova T.A. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Sokolnikova N.V. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Yankevich O.O. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University
Published: June 2023

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes has increased dramatically worldwide over the past 30 years. These diseases have become a worldwide epidemic and the main cause of disability and premature death. The reasons for these negative trends are the wide distribution of improper nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, lack of sleep, which lead to the development of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance underlies the development of multiple metabolic disorders: hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, proatherogenic dyslipidemia, and inflammation, which lead to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. With this in mind, scientists and medical professionals should focus on the development and implementation of effective methods for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance. An important tasks are the implementation of a healthy lifestyle, namely proper nutrition and regular physical activity, the use of pharmacological drugs that improve cardiovascular risk factors. However, there remains a need for further research and improvement of these treatment methods, as well as the development of new methods of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of combined treatment in patients with comorbid COPD and GERD
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Semenova N.V. , Oparina T.M. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University
Published: June 2023

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is often comorbid with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Such coexisting pathology in the initial stage, which is present in young patients, but poorly studied. The purpose of our study is to study the effectiveness of the use of combined therapy using the example of the addition of Dalargin in patients with GERD and COPD. We took into the study 60 young people with a confirmed combined course of GERD and COPD and divided them into two equal groups. The first group received an addition to the basic treatment Dalargin, and the second group — placebo. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by comparing the indicators of ERF, gastric juice pH, norepinephrine level, and depressive and anxiety disorders. It was established that combined treatment in patients with GERD with concomitant COPD reliably improves all the studied indicators.
Long-term Pain Symptomatology in PICU Survivors Aged 8–18 Years
Authors: Holley Amy L. , Battison Eleanor A.J. , Heierle Jessica , Clohessy Denae , Wesemann Dalton , Hall Trevor , Orwoll Ben , Wilson Anna C. , Williams Cydni
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Children discharged from the PICU often experience long-term physical, psychological, social and cognitive challenges, described as postintensive care syndrome. This study fills a critical gap by describing the long-term pain symptoms many children experience using child self-report.

METHODS

Participants in this cross-sectional study were children aged 8 to 18 years (and 1 parent, n = 64 dyads) who were 8 to 24 months post-PICU discharge. Participants completed measures assessing pain, psychosocial function, and treatment utilization. Health information relevant to the PICU admission was obtained from the electronic medical record.

RESULTS

Children were an average age of 14.3 years and 50% female. Average pain intensity in the past month was 3.65 (0–10 numeric rating scale), with 36% of children reporting pain ≥2 to 3 days a week. Youth with higher intensity (≥4) and more frequent pain (≥2–3 days a week) had greater pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear, anxiety, and sleep disturbance than those with less frequent and intense pain. Higher pain frequency was also associated with greater pain-related disability and depressive symptoms. Pain was not associated with any PICU-related variables abstracted from the electronic medical record. Parents reported children frequently accessed pain treatment services postdischarge; however, 37.5% reported the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic impacted access to recommended services.

CONCLUSIONS

A significant portion of children experience pain post-PICU discharge. For many of these children, pain is frequent and is associated with impairments in psychosocial function. Future prospective research studies can be used to identify risk factors of poor pain outcomes so children can receive targeted interventions.
Assessment and Management of Inguinal Hernias in Children
Authors: Khan Faraz A. , Jancelewicz Tim , Kieran Kathleen , Islam Saleem ,   COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN, Eichenwald Eric , Guillory Charleta , Hand Ivan , Hudak Mark , Kaufman David , Martin Camilia , Lucke Ashley , Parker Margaret , Pramanik Arun , Wade Kelly , Narvey Michael , Miller Russell , Barfield Wanda , Grisham Lisa , Couto Jim ,   SECTION ON SURGERY, Gow Kenneth William , Beierle Elizabeth , Browne Marybeth , Davidoff Andrew , Downard Cynthia D. , Saunders Walsh Danielle , Williams Regan Frances , Thorne Vivian ,   SECTION ON UROLOGY, Cost Nicholas , Canon Stephen , Dean Gregory , Kaefer Martin , Kirsch Andrew , Pope John C. , Yerkes Elizabeth , Gorlewski Jen
Published: June 2023

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in children. However, a number of controversial issues, such as optimal timing and approach to repair, continue to be debated. This publication reviews the available data pertaining to these controversial issues and identifies best practices in management of inguinal hernias in children.
Primary Care Framework to Monitor Preterm Infants for Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Early Childhood
Authors: Davis Beth Ellen , Leppert Mary O’Connor , German Kendell , Lehmann Christoph U. , Adams-Chapman Ira ,   COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, Noritz Garey , Agrawal Rishi , Foster Jessica E. A. , Fremion Ellen , Frierson Sheryl , Melicosta Michelle , Saunders Barbara S. , Srivastava Siddharth , Stille Christopher , Vargus-Adams Jilda , Zuckerman Katharine , Kuo Dennis Z. , Brosco Jeffrey , Poon Jennifer , Sadof Matthew , Ware Allysa , Yeargin-Allsopp Marshalyn , Kuznetsov Alexandra , Lehmann Christoph U. ,   COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN, Eichenwald Eric , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Guillory Charleta , Hudak Mark , Kaufman David , Martin Camilia , Lucke Ashley , Parker Margaret , Pramanik Arun , Wade Kelly , Jancelewicz Timothy , Narvey Michael , Miller Russell , Barfield Wanda , Grisham Lisa , Couto Jim
Published: June 2023

To support decision-making in the primary care medical home, this clinical report links preterm birth and perinatal complications to early childhood developmental disability risks. It consolidates extensive contemporary outcome research from 2005 onward into an easy-to-use framework and stratifies prematurity and NICU experiences by degree of risk for developmental impairments. This framework informs and prioritizes point-of-care screening and surveillance strategies for pediatricians caring for children born preterm, guides additional assessment and referral for appropriate therapies, and offers opportunities for reassurance (when applicable) in office settings.
Előzetes laparoszkópos salpingectomiát követő hegszétválás és buroksérv a várandósság 30. hetében
Authors: Keszthelyi Márton , Leipold Gergő , Lőczi Lotti , Török Marianna , Ács Nándor , Várbíró Szabolcs
Published: June 2023

A méhrepedés ritka, ám mind az anya, mind a magzat számára akár végzetes
kimenetellel járó szövődmény a várandósság során. Esetismertetésünkben egy
magzatburoksérv diagnosztizálását, majd az ezt követő császármetszést és a
sérvkapu zárását mutatjuk be. A 25 éves, korábban egyoldali, laparoszkópos
petevezeték-eltávolításon átesett, teljesen panaszmentes 30 hetes primigravida
felvételére rutin-ultrahangvizsgálat során felmerült magzatburok-herniatio
gyanúja miatt került sor. A tubasarokban észlelt, előrehaladott hegszétválás
igazolását követően sürgősségi császármetszést végeztünk, melynek során a
hasüregbe boltosuló burkot tapasztaltunk. Az újszülött ellátását követően a
korábbi műtéti heget két rétegben zártuk. Következtetésünk, hogy a méhfal
integritásának megőrzéséhez reproduktív korú nők laparoszkópos salpingectomiája
során a méhsarok sebészi ellátása nagy odafigyelést igényel, és a műtétet követő
terhességek alatt szorosabb ultrahangvizsgálati követés ajánlatos. Orv Hetil.
2023; 164(25): 988–992.
A diabetes mellitus és a bélmikrobiom
Authors: Tomasics Gyula , Schandl László , Polyák Annamária , Winkler Gábor
Published: June 2023

Az intestinalis mikrobiom fontos szerepet tölt be a szervezet élettani
folyamataiban. Egyik legfontosabb szerepe a rövid szénláncú zsírsavak termelése,
ami meghatározó jelentőségű az ép bélbarrier és immunhomeostasis fenntartásában
A mikrobiomban bekövetkező – táplálkozási szokások, rendszeres
gyógyszerhasználat, egyéb tényezők okozta – dysbiosis a barrierfunkció
károsodásával járhat, ami lipopoliszacharidok portalis keringésbe való
transzlokációját váltja ki. Ezek szubklinikai gyulladás fenntartásával elhízás,
inzulinrezisztencia, zsírmáj kialakulásához vezethetnek. Patogén kórokozók
portalis keringésbe jutása molekuláris mimikrit, következményes autoimmunitás
révén béta-sejt-destrukciót okozhat. Mindkét mechanizmus diabetes mellitushoz
vezethet. A dolgozat áttekinti az intestinalis mikrobiom 1-es és 2-es típusú
cukorbetegségben bekövetkező változásait, a kísérletes és klinikai adatokat.
Kiemeli, hogy noha ismereteink ma még nem elégségesek a napi klinikai gyakorlat
segítésére, bővülésük segítheti egyes adatok prognosztikai hasznosítását.
Mindehhez azonban még további vizsgálatok és megfigyelések szükségesek. Orv
Hetil. 2023; 164(25): 981–987.
Ribose 5-phosphate: the key metabolite bridging the metabolisms of nucleotides and amino acids during stringent response in Escherichia coli?
Authors: Grucela Paulina Katarzyna , Fuhrer Tobias , Sauer Uwe , Chao Yanjie , Zhang Yong Everett
Published: June 2023

The bacterial stringent response and its effector alarmone guanosine penta- or tetra – phosphates (p)ppGpp are vital for bacterial tolerance and survival of various stresses in environments (including antibiotics) and host cells (virulence). (p)ppGpp does so by binding to its numerous target proteins and reprograming bacterial transcriptome to tune down the synthesis of nucleotides and rRNA/tRNA, and up-regulate amino acid biosynthesis genes. Recent identification of more novel (p)ppGpp direct binding proteins in Escherichia coli and their deep studies have unveiled unprecedented details of how (p)ppGpp coordinates the nucleotide and amino acid metabolic pathways upon stringent response; however, the mechanistic link between nucleotide and amino acid metabolisms remains still incompletely understood. Here we propose the metabolite ribose 5’-phosphate as the key link between nucleotide and amino acid metabolisms and a working model integrating both the transcriptional and metabolic effects of (p)ppGpp on E. coli physiological adaptation during the stringent response.
Bir Anomalinin İfşası Olarak İbn Tufeyl’in Hayy Öyküsü
Authors: YILDIRIM Onur
Published: June 2023

Ortaçağ İslam siyasal düşüncesi hem din hem de felsefeyi kendisine konu olarak belirlemek durumunda kalmıştır. Din ve felsefenin, siyasal düşüncenin konusu olarak belirlenmesi, bu iki unsur ya da etkinlik arasında ne tür bir ilişkinin oluşturulması gerektiğine dair çabaların ortaya konulmasına neden olmuştur. Ortaçağ İslam siyasal düşüncesine katkıda bulunan filozofların çoğunluğu din ve felsefenin amaç bakımından müşterek oldukları için uzlaştıklarını, daha doğru bir ifadeyle uzlaş (tırıl)maları gerektiğini varsayarlar. Ne var ki, uzlaştırılmaya çalışılan tüm unsurların esasında birbirlerine karşıt olmaları ve hatta özsel olarak çatışmaları söz konusudur. Bu bakımdan din ve felsefeyi uzlaştırmaya çalışan İslam filozofu, aslında din ve felsefenin zımnen çatıştığına dair “ima türünden” bir anlayıştan hareket eder. Fârâbî’nin temel tezlerine dayanan Meşşâî gelenek takip edilecek olursa, İslam filozofu için bu uzlaşının gerçekleşeceği mekân erdemli toplum ve bu toplumun idaresi için gerekli olan sanat ise erdemli siyaset sanatıdır. Siyaset, varlıkların hakikatine ilişkin bilinmesi ve inanılması gereken ilkelerin (teorik felsefe) neler olduğunu bilen ve bu ilkelerin uygulama alanını ve bunların nasıl uygulanacağının (pratik felsefe) bilgisine sahip olan filozofun, medeni toplumu yönetmesini sağlayan sanattır. Ancak din ve felsefe uzlaş(tırıla)madığında, temel amacı hakikat olan filozof ne yapmalı, hem kendi hem de medeni toplumun mutluğu için ne tür bir yol tercih etmelidir? Bu sorudan hareket eden bu çalışma, alegorik bir tarzda kaleme alınan İbn Tufeyl’in Hayy bin Yakzan başlıklı öyküsünün din ve felsefe arasında çatışmayı konu edindiğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, din ve felsefenin çatıştığına dair yukarıdaki iddiadan hareketle filozofun kadim siyasal misyonu olarak tayin edilen medeni toplumun yöneticisi olma misyonundan feragat edişini ortaya koymaktır.
The Impact of Corporate Governance Capacity on Share Price
Authors: ÖZKAHVECİ Esra , KONAK Fatih , KILIÇ Sabiha
Published: June 2023

Efficient Markets Hypothesis, one of the main theories of traditional finance, states that markets are efficient and investors do not have the opportunity to obtain abnormal profits. Behavioral finance, which argues that individuals do not always behave rationally and that psychological factors have an effect on investor behavior, is against the Efficient Markets Hypothesis and accepts that the investor has the opportunity to gain extra income by being influenced by many factors. Corporate governance, which started to exist in the face of increased management challenges and asymmetric information with globalization, is a system in which business operations are managed and controlled. Companies with a corporate governance rating score of at least seven are traded in the Borsa Istanbul Corporate Governance Index, which first originated within the context of corporate governance and is becoming more significant every day. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to expose the possible consequences of the fixed (unchanging), upward (increasing) and downward (decreasing) movements of the corporate governance rating scores of the companies included in the Corporate Governance Index throughout the years, on the share price. At this point, the prediction that not only the effect of being included in the index, but also the differences in the ratings of the companies in the index can be taken into account by the market participants, reveals both the motivation of this study and the contribution it will provide to the literature. In line with the purpose of the research, the corporate governance rating of the companies traded in the Borsa Istanbul Corporate Governance Index has been analyzed with the Case Study, taking into account the increasing 508, decreasing 58 and unchanged 21 events compared to the previous period. It is found that the market, whose corporate governance score consists of shares that are fixed, increasing, or decreasing over time, gives participants the chance to earn returns above average.
Barreiras para o uso da Profilaxia Pré-Exposição (PrEP) ao HIV: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Antonini Marcela , Silva Ingred Evangelista da , Elias Henrique Ciabotti , Gerin Larissa , Oliveira Aliete Cunha , Reis Renata Karina
Published: June 2023

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar e sintetizar as evidências científicas sobre as barreiras e dificuldades para o uso e adesão da Profilaxia Pré-exposição (PrEP) para o HIV. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Academic Search Premier e Scopus (Elsevier). Resultados: todos (100%) os artigos incluídos identificaram que os usuários da PrEP experimentam algum tipo de barreira estrutural relacionada aos serviços de saúde, como longa distância das unidades, logística subótima para retirada de pílulas e resistência profissional para prescrição da PrEP. Ademais, 63,21% identificaram barreiras sociais, como estigma sobre a sexualidade e HIV, além de barreiras individuais, como uso de álcool, efeitos adversos e preocupações com a toxicidade a longo prazo. Conclusões: multifatoriais são as barreiras para o uso da PrEP. Intervenções efetivas são necessárias para apoiar os usuários da PrEP no acesso, adesão e retenção nos serviços de saúde.
Birth conditions nutritional status in childhood associated with cardiometabolic risk factors at 30 years of age: a cohort study
Authors: Oliveira Vânia Pereira , Dias Mariane da Silva , Lima Natália Peixoto , Horta Bernardo Lessa
Published: June 2023

Abstract: This study aimed to assess the association of birth conditions, nutritional status, and childhood growth with cardiometabolic risk factors at 30 years of age. We also evaluated whether body mass index (BMI) at 30 years mediated the association of weight gain in childhood with cardiometabolic risk factors. This is a prospective cohort study that included all live births in 1982 in hospitals in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, whose families lived in the urban area. Mothers were interviewed at birth, and participants were followed at different ages. For our analyses, we used data on weight and height collected at birth, 2 and 4 years and cardiovascular risk factors at 30 years. Multiple linear regressions were performed to obtain adjusted coefficients and G-formula for mediation analysis. Relative weight gain in childhood, despite the age, was positively related to mean arterial pressure, whereas relative weight gain in late childhood was positively associated with carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol, plasma glucose, and C-reactive protein. BMI in adulthood captured the total effect of relative weight gain in the period between 2 and 4 years on carotid intima-media thickness, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol, and C-reactive protein. Our findings reinforce the evidence that rapid relative weight gain after 2 years of age may have long-term consequences on the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
Intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, and low birth weight: risk phenotypes of neonatal death, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: Kale Pauline Lorena , Fonseca Sandra Costa
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction and prematurity determine low birth weight. The combination of the three conditions results in different neonatal phenotypes that interfere with child survival. Neonatal prevalence, survival and mortality were estimated according to neonatal phenotypes in the cohort of live births in 2021 in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In this study, live births of multiple pregnancies, with congenital anomalies and inconsistencies in the information of weight and gestational age were excluded. The Intergrowth curve was used to classify weight adequacy. Mortality (< 24 hours, 1-6 and 7-27 days) and survival (Kaplan-Meier) were estimated. In total, 6.8%, 5.5%, and 9.5% of the 174,399 live births were low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), and premature, respectively. Considering low birth weight live births, 39.7% were SGA and 70% were premature. The neonatal phenotypes were heterogeneous according to maternal, delivery, pregnancy, and newborn characteristics. The mortality rate per 1,000 live births was high for low birth weight premature newborns, both SGA (78.1) and AGA (adequate for gestational age: 61.1), at all specific ages. Reductions in the survival rate were observed when comparing non-low birth weight and AGA term live births. The estimated prevalence values were lower than those of other studies, partly due to the exclusion criteria adopted. The neonatal phenotypes identified children who were more vulnerable and at higher risk of death. Prematurity contributed more to mortality than SGA, and its prevention is necessary to reduce neonatal mortality in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Acesso a serviços de atenção hospitalar no período neonatal: análise de redes de deslocamento entre municípios do Estado do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Silveira Daniela Martins , Santos Hellen Geremias dos
Published: June 2023

Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar internações de residentes no Paraná, Brasil, ocorridas no período neonatal em município diferente do de residência, entre 2008 e 2019, e descrever redes de deslocamento para o primeiro e o último biênio da série, correspondentes aos períodos anterior e posterior a iniciativas de regionalização dos serviços de saúde no estado. Dados sobre internações de crianças com idade entre 0 e 27 dias foram obtidos por meio do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS). Para cada biênio e regional de saúde, foram calculados a proporção de internações ocorridas fora do município de residência, a distância média ponderada pelo fluxo dos deslocamentos, bem como indicadores de saúde e de oferta de serviços. Modelos mistos foram ajustados para avaliar a tendência bianual dos indicadores e para verificar fatores associados à taxa de mortalidade neonatal (TMN). No total, 76.438 internações foram selecionadas, variando de 9.030, em 2008-2009, a 17.076, em 2018-2019. A comparação entre as redes obtidas para 2008-2009 e as existentes em 2018-2019 evidenciou aumento no número de destinos frequentes e na proporção de deslocamentos dentro da mesma regional de saúde. Observou-se tendência decrescente para a distância, para a proporção de nascidos vivos com Apgar no quinto minuto ≤ 7 e para a TMN. Na análise ajustada para a TMN, além do efeito de biênio (-0,64; IC95%: -0,95; -0,28), apenas a proporção de nascidos vivos com idade gestacional inferior a 28 semanas apresentou significância estatística (4,26; IC95%: 1,29; 7,06). A demanda por assistência hospitalar no período neonatal aumentou ao longo do período estudado. As redes de deslocamento sugerem impacto positivo da regionalização, embora o investimento em regiões com potencial para se tornarem polos assistenciais seja necessário.
Off-farm employment and multidimensional poverty: empirical evidences from the Yellow River Basin in China
Authors: Wu Xixi , Zhang Qiangqiang , Ma Hongyu , Hu Yujie
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT: As an essential way to enhance farmers’ self-development ability, off-farm employment plays an indispensable role in farmers’ multidimensional poverty reduction in many countries. Employing a survey of 1926 farmers in five provinces of the Yellow River Basin in China, this paper examined the multi-dimensional poverty reduction effect of off-farm employment and the heterogeneous influence of different dimensions of off-farm employment (modes, levels, distances and frequency). The results showed that (1) although absolute poverty in the income dimension was largely eliminated in the Yellow River Basin, the poverty in social resources, transportation facilities, employment security were the key bottlenecks restricting farmers’ self-development. (2) The province with the best multidimensional poverty reduction effect for non-farm employment was Shaanxi, with the largest contribution to employment security. (3) Improving off-farm employment level, distance and time can significantly alleviate the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers. Therefore, to lessen the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers in the Yellow River Basin, it is necessary to focus on the governance of multi-dimensional key poverty-stricken areas, such as the middle and upper courses of the Yellow River, adopting multidimensional poverty alleviation strategy of off-farm employment according to local conditions, working on the farmers’ deficiencies in social resources, mobility, employment security, and deepening the effect of off-farm employment on benefiting farmers and helping the poor.
CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTHS IN THE COMPRESSION AND IN THE STATIC BENDING AS PARAMETERS TO ESTIMATE CHARACTERISTIC SHEAR STRENGTH FOR TIMBER DESIGN
Authors: Almeida João Paulo Boff , Wolenski Anderson Renato Vobornik , Rodrigues Edson Fernando Castanheira , Araujo Victor Almeida de , Panzera Túlio Hallak , Campos Cristiane Inácio de , Molina Julio Cesar , Christoforo André Luis , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT To simplify the characterization of wood species, the Brazilian standard document ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022) establishes the determination of mechanical properties employing the characteristic strength in the compression parallel to grain (fc0,k). This mechanical property is estimated using the linear relation given by the following expression fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k Brazilian and European standard documents support the estimation of fv0,k using relations among properties. However, the European guidelines in the EN 384 (2019) have used the conventional characteristic strength in the static bending test (fM,k). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the ratio fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k for adopting 30 hardwoods. The variance analysis results demonstrate the divergence among the experimental outcomes and those values estimated using the relation cited. Therefore, regression models at two parameters were considered to obtain more accurate estimates of fv0,k by adopting fc0,k, and fM,k as independent variables. Regarding the results, the geometric (R² = 80.80%) and linear (R² = 74.19%) models were the most accurate for the estimates of fv0,k in terms of fc0,k, and fM,k, respectively. This fact evinces the good accuracy of the models under consideration, which may provide a more rigorous structural design compared to the correlation currently prescribed by the ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022).
Análise do movimento de projéteis na presença de forças dissipativas para o regime de altas velocidades
Authors: Holanda L.M. , Souza H.T.C.M. , Belo V.
Published: June 2023

Neste trabalho desenvolvemos as equações referentes ao movimento de uma esfera lisa na presença de forças de arrasto, no regime de altas velocidades, onde a força resistiva é proporcional ao quadrado de sua velocidade. Esse regime é comumente encontrado em várias situações do cotidiano em que objetos de toda natureza são arremessadas no ar. As equações que são estudadas nos cursos básicos de graduação desconsideram o arrasto do ar e, portanto, são equações idealizadas, não condizentes com a real natureza do movimento observado. Aqui, pretendemos auxiliar o leitor a viajar um pouco mais próximo da realidade e contemplar a complexidade de algumas equações quando tentamos modelar o mundo como de fato ele é. Esse assunto é de extrema importância para estudantes de graduação na área de engenharia aeroespacial e mecânica, pois é fundamental entender como as forças de arrasto afetam o comportamento dos objetos em movimento.