bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Rate-Dependant Resistance of a Suction Caisson in Cohesionless Soils
Authors: Olsen C , Hamdan N
Published: June 2024

Suction caisson foundation has become an increasingly used foundation type for offshore wind turbines jackets. The concept is efficient due to material used, installation time and less noise pollution compared to driven piles. The short-term tension load, induced by wind and waves, is usually a governing load case for suction caissons. The tensile capacity is highly influenced by the suction pressure inside the caisson as water is sucked through the soil to fill the void between the caisson lid and the soil and the soil drainage conditions. This paper presents a 3D finite element analysis (FEA) calibration in the commercial software package Plaxis 3D of the axisymmetric model published by Thieken et al. (2014) using Abaqus software package. The effect of sand permeability on the caisson's tensile capacity as well as loading rate are investigated. A realistic rapid tension load is applied to model the increase in capacity when considering the suction pressure inside the suction pile. The paper considers effect of cohesive layer inclusion on the tensile resistance. Finally, a numerical example is presented for partially-drained vertical-horizontal response of suction caissons.
Hacia la vélometrópolis: la infraestructura ciclable en Barcelona
Authors: Royo-Zabala Peio , Martí-Casanovas Miquel , Gómez-Escoda Eulàlia
Published: June 2024

En el contexto actual de congestión ambiental, el ciclismo urbano constituye una alternativa de movilidad competitiva y sostenible en numerosas áreas metropolitanas. La baja ocupación de espacio, la alta eficiencia energética y la flexibilidad de usos que la bicicleta ofrece, favorecen su implementación para uso cotidiano en territorios densos y compactos. Este artículo caracteriza la forma metropolitana de Barcelona desde la perspectiva ciclable, poniendo de relieve la interacción entre infraestructura, forma y actividad urbanas. Los resultados presentados muestran diferentes estrategias de implementación de la infraestructura ciclable tanto a la escala metropolitana como a la de los proyectos de diseño de espacio público.
Einführung: Lesen (in) der Pandemie
Authors: Wagner-Egelhaaf Martina
Published: June 2024

Abstract Der Ausbruch der SARS-Cov-2-Pandemie im Jahr 2020 und die damit verbundenen einschneidenden Erfahrungen für die Menschen auf der ganzen Welt haben die Klassiker der Seuchenliteratur wieder aktuell werden lassen. Gleichzeitig entstanden zahlreiche Leseprojekte.
Und natürlich wurden auch viele neue Texte zum Thema ,Corona‘ oder ,Epidemie‘ publiziert. Die Einleitung führt in das Themenheft ,,Lesen (in) der Pandemie“ ein, das sich der Rolle des Lesens und der Literatur in Zeiten von Epidemien widmet, und gibt einen Ausblick
auf die versammelten Beiträge.
Landscape of targeted therapies for advanced urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Shang Shihao , Zhang Lei , Liu Kepu , Lv Maoxin , Zhang Jie , Ju Dongen , Wei Di , Sun Zelong , Wang Pinxiao , Yuan Jianlin , Zhu Zheng
Published: June 2024

Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common malignancy globally. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a major type of BC, and advanced UC (aUC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes and limited survival rates. Current options for aUC treatment mainly include chemotherapy and immunotherapy. These options have moderate efficacy and modest impact on overall survival and thus highlight the need for novel therapeutic approaches. aUC patients harbor a high tumor mutation burden and abundant molecular alterations, which are the basis for targeted therapies. Erdafitinib is currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved targeted therapy for aUC. Many potential targeted therapeutics aiming at other molecular alterations are under investigation. This review summarizes the current understanding of molecular alterations associated with aUC targeted therapy. It also comprehensively discusses the related interventions for treatment in clinical research and the potential of using novel targeted drugs in combination therapy.
A case of primary immunodeficiency with immune dysregulation: features of clinical manifestation and diagnostic difficulties
Authors: Serebryakova E. N. , Shilova T. V. , Kozhevnikov A. S. , Kilmukhametova E. I.
Published: June 2024

The article describes a case of a rare primary immunodeficiency with immune dysregulation — CD25 deficiency with manifestation in the neonatal period in the form of severe chronic diarrhea, susceptibility to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, autoimmune manifestations, malabsorption syndrome, hypotrophy, skin lesions, confirmed by a homozygous mutation in the IL2-RA gene detected by DNA analysis. The article discusses the role of IL2-RA in the maturation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes, modern approaches to the classification of primary immunodeficiencies with immune dysregulation, principles of diagnosis and treatment of CD25 deficiency, as well as analyzes and compares other cases of CD25 deficiency described in the literature.
On the concept of digital financial assets in the conditions of modern realities: financial and legal aspects
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Smirnov D. A. , Pervyshov E. A. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: June 2024

This article reveals the issues of the current state of legal regulation of digital financial assets. There are a lot of questions concerning the definition of a number of technologies that are actively used in international and national financial systems. These include mining, NFT, centralized and decentralized cryptocurrency exchanges, cryptocurrency, tokenized shares, etc. The authors pay attention to the current problems that exist in connection with the advance of public relations of the main aspects of legal regulation. The existing normative acts regulate already fully developed financial and civil relations, in which individuals and legal entities actively participate, only in the abstract form. Digital financial assets represent a new phenomenon in the global financial market. The Russian Federation is distinguished by the initial stage of legal regulation of blockchain and related events. The basis for the development of the digital financial assets market is created thanks to financial and legal regulation, as well as the development of the civil legal framework, thanks to which clarity is introduced for participants in new public relations. Fraud and corrupt actions of various participants in public relations are becoming widespread in conditions of insufficient legal regulation. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the current gaps in legal regulation, due to which the user of digital financial assets suffers. At the moment, it is necessary to make additions and amendments to the legislation regulating the procedure for the turnover of digital financial assets. The state in the conditions of international sanctions needs to create a new mechanism for the functioning of the financial system of the Russian Federation. Cross-border financial transfers are becoming a necessity that can be implemented only through the introduction of blockchain at the official level as a technology that can change the speed and quality of the functioning of the financial system. The digital ruble is the basis for the implementation of the global financial objectives of the Russian Federation.
The unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo and Metohija is a precedent in international politics
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Mladenovich M. , Tomic M. ,   University of Belgrade
Published: June 2024

The attempt to secede from Kosovo, which began in the nineties of the twentieth century, ended with NATO’s aggression against Yugoslavia, which formally usurped the southern Serbian province by the most powerful Western countries. The threat to the national security of the Republic of Serbia by the armed aggression of the NATO Pact is a unique example of the violation of all existing international legal norms prohibiting aggression against a sovereign and independent state. It is emphasized that even with the introduction of the Interim International Administration (UNMIK), the security situation has not stabilized. The political decisions of the representatives of the international community were framed in the paradigm of “absolute independence” of Kosovo and Metohija, despite the dissatisfaction of the then top officials of the Republic of Serbia. The illegal attempt to secede from Kosovo and Metohija through the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 2008 by representatives of the Albanian national minority raised a number of political, economic and social questions about the strategy of the subjects and forces of the national security system of the Republic of Serbia. It is indicated that the ongoing dialogue between representatives of the Provisional Kosovo Institutions and representatives of the Republic of Serbia contributed to the signing of agreements in various fields. However, their implementation has a negative impact on the sovereignty, i.e. the jurisdiction of the institutions of the Republic of Serbia. The international administration created to date has failed to ensure the implementation of UN Security Council resolution 1244. The article analyzes the dynamics of events that led to the unilateral declaration of independence in violation of all norms of international law, including the right to political self-determination. The results of the work indicate an uneven interpretation of some norms regulating the status of national minorities (in this case, Albanians), as well as an attempt by Western countries to impose a solution to the Kosovo problem on the Republic of Serbia exclusively through various forms of recognition of the so-called independence.
Geographical and economic factors as the conditions of «immunity» in the life of the peoples of the North Сaucasus in the first half of the 19th century
Authors:   Pyatigorsk State University, Kuznetsova E. V.
Published: June 2024

The geographical environment in all its diversity often determined the forms of social existence of the North Caucasus highlanders in the first half of the 19th century. Society and landscape were closely intertwined through a long practice of interaction and were inherited from generation to generation through the transmission of tradition. This circumstance largely determined the persistent rejection of all other variants of sociocultural paradigms that invaded the living space of the mountaineers of the North Caucasus. The connection of mountain societies with the landscape environment was also determined by the role that local landscapes played in mountain everyday life, being, for example, indispensable participants in local sacred cults. The foreign cultural agents that were brought in destroyed the previously established harmony in the interactions of mountain societies with their geographical environment, and therefore were rejected by them, since they attempted to cancel the very foundations of mountain traditional existence. Ethnic Caucasian societies did not actively accept foreign innovations that disrupted the course of their usual life and contradicted their mentality. The removal of the existing prohibitions, which were various mechanisms of self-defense in the Caucasian environment, was hindered by the very environment of their habitat, its natural foundations, the destruction or abandonment of which led to the degradation of not only the environment itself, but the mountain societies associated with it. Defending their identity, the mountain peoples realized using both real and ritual actions. Modifications associated, for example, with a change in the nature and purpose of labor, which went beyond the framework of a pre- existing tradition, could have devastating consequences, which, if introduced into mountain life, were the result of insurmountable external influence.
The American occupation of Iraq and the problem of Shiite activism
Authors:   Saratov State University, Hamid M. S.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article analyzes the reasons and prerequisites for the political activation of the struggle of the Shiites of Iraq for their rights under the American occupation during the reign of the Provisional Coalition Administration of Paul Bremer. The article studies the main activities of the American occupation authorities in 2003 and 2004 to «democratize» post- Saddam Iraq in the political, economic and military spheres and their results, which led to an increase in anti-American sentiments among the Shiite population. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of sources consisting of the memoirs of the American official P. Bremer and the Iraqi politician A. Allawi, which allow a comparative analysis of the goals and objectives of the American occupation administration and their implementation, from the point of view of the Shiite community in Iraq. Analysis. An important part is the analysis of the state of the Shiite community and the struggle for influence between the leading political leaders of religious Shiites who defended different ways of development of post-Saddam Iraq on the examples of the activities of Ayatollahs Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim, Abdul Majid al-Khoi and Mullah Muqtada al-Sadr. Results. It is concluded that the events in the spring of 2004 with the epicenter in Nejef became the highest manifestation of the intensification of the Shiite struggle for their rights in post-Saddam Iraq. The compromise reached with Muqtada al-Sadr not only brought him to the forefront of influential Iraqi politicians, but also meant the actual failure of the initial US plans to democratize Iraq according to Western patterns. With his decisive actions, Muqtada al-Sadr demonstrated the attitude of the Shiites to defend a place corresponding to their position in the future structure of Iraq, which inevitably led to an aggravation of ethno-confessional confrontation with other communities such as Sunnis and Kurds.
On reforming consumer legislation
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Bychko M. A. , Razumov P. V. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Modern consumer legislation is influenced by informatization, sanction pressure, economic and political transformations. There is a need to reform consumer legislation, to exclude ineffective norms from it. The introduction of new mechanisms for the realization of consumer rights, including the right to education, is required. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts, doctrinal approaches and judicial practice in the field of consumer protection. Analysis. The conducted analysis showed insignificant involvement of local self-government bodies, public organizations created for the purpose of consumer rights protection in the implementation of the consumer right to education. The lack of awareness of consumers about the possibility of presenting a number of requirements stipulated by the current legislation significantly narrows the possibilities of their protection. Results. The authors come to the conclusion that consumer legislation is expected to be fundamentally reformed, despite selective changes to which it has been subjected in recent years, up to the adoption of a codified act. It is proposed to legislate the obligation of local self-government bodies to develop and implement municipal consumer protection programs with mandatory inclusion of educational activities in them. It is also recommended to more actively involve public organizations for the protection of consumer rights and volunteers to explain to consumers the rights, the proper realization of which is possible only in the case of active behavior of consumers themselves and their presentation of relevant requirements to their counterparties. In addition, in order to strengthen the degree of protection of the modern consumer, the authors propose to amend paragraph 2 of Article 20, subparagraph 4 in paragraph 1 of Article 21 and paragraph 4 of Article 24 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Consumer Protection”.
The system of principles of disciplinary proceedings in cases of corruption offenses in the public service
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Tereshchuk S. S.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical issues of building and functioning of the system of principles of disciplinary proceedings in cases of corruption offenses. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of positions existing in science regarding the definition of the term “principle of law” and the classification of the principles of service-disciplinary proceedings, as well as the features of the normative consolidation of the principles of disciplinary proceedings in cases of corruption offenses. Analysis. The principles are of key importance in the organization of disciplinary proceedings in cases of corruption offenses. However, their regulation is not given enough attention in the legislation. Results. The set of principles of the considered administrative proceedings is specified. It is proved that this set has a systemic character. The specifics of the implementation of private principles are considered, namely the principle of the inevitability of responsibility for committing a disciplinary corruption offense and the principle of the need to establish the guilt of a civil servant. An analysis of the content of the provisions of normative acts led to the conclusion that the principle of the inevitability of responsibility is currently mostly declarative. In this regard, the author states the need to amend the legislative acts regulating the procedure for production, by establishing the mandatory application of penalties. A distinction is made between the principle of the need to establish the guilt of a civil servant and the constitutionally enshrined principle of the presumption of innocence. The necessity of introducing legislative changes aimed at fixing the need for mandatory consideration of the guilt of a civil servant when considering a case on a disciplinary corruption offense is substantiated.
Linguistic and translational features of the international vocabulary of military subject
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Vartanova L. R. , Ryndina Yu. V. ,   University of Tyumen
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In the military domain, the interpreter plays a very important role, since it is the interpreter, who sometimes determines an adequate assessment of the situation, as well as awareness of the enemy’s plans. The meanings of words encountered in everyday communication may be quite different in military texts, and therefore the translator is required to be well trained in military translation. The relevance of this research lies in the study of the specifics of international military vocabulary. When translating military texts, the translator encounters internationalisms related to the names and tactical and technical characteristics of weapons and equipment. Military translation requires the utmost precision of concepts while preserving informativeness. Covering the problems of translation of internationalisms and «translator’s false friends» allow us to reveal the peculiarities of their functioning in the texts on military topics and to determine the ways of their translation. Materials and methods. In the work such methods were used as a component analysis to establish the semantic components of the lexical units, a comparative-comparative analysis, which involves comparing the contextual units as a result of analyzing the German and Russian language materials, the method of continuous sampling and quantitative calculations, descriptive-analytical, contextual analysis methods, which constitute a comprehensive method of text interpretation. The material of the study was an online dictionary of concepts and terms of the German armed forces, presented on the specialized German-language Internet site of the German armed forces. Analysis. The compositional structure of a military text is determined by its volume and genre. Military-technical texts include various kinds of instructions on types of military equipment and weapons, descriptions of new weapon models and instructions on the operation of equipment. These texts are characterized by such features as the presence of military-technical terminology of the narrow field of military affairs, the presence of pictures, drawings, diagrams, neutral tone of narration. Results. Military texts are a kind of official-business style of speech, characterized by the prescriptive-duty character of speech, its non-personal nature, accuracy, logic, objectivity, clarity, formality, stereotyping, concreteness, generalization, rigor, as well as a special set of clichés and terms. In the texts on military subjects’ various types of internationalisms are widely represented: single-word names, abbreviations, nominative word combinations, term elements. The advantage of the international vocabulary is its brevity and ease of use, its translation by transliteration or transcription, in most cases also its unambiguity.
Hyperconcept Quality as a mechanism of verbal representation of epithetic paradigm in M. Tsvetaeva’s works
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Gryaznova V. M. , Gubanov S. A. ,   Samara State University of Public Administration «International Market Institute»
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Attributive vocabulary often becomes the subject of research in cognitive linguistics. The study focuses on the description of the specifics of the verbalization of the hyperconcept Quality by means of epithet complexes in M. Tsvetaeva’s texts. The relevance of the article is due to the attempt made in it to describe the mechanisms of modeling epithet complexes in the work of M. Tsvetaeva from a cognitive-semantic position. Materials and Methods. Several epithet nominations of the character of the subject, which have a semantic specificity of linguistic representation in M. Tsvetaeva’s work, are taken as material. On the basis of a consistent comparison of the dictionary meanings of epithet words and their idiostyle semantic features the specificity of the representation of basic characterological epithet complexes is revealed. The epithet complexes were selected on the basis of the continuous sampling method from the complete collection of the poet’s works. The comprehensive methodology of the study, including cognitive-semantic, component methods, made it possible to reveal the specifics of the epithet paradigm of M. Tsvetaeva’s work. Analysis. The structure of the hyperconcept Quality determines the multilevel representation of features by epithet words. The article analyzes the most representative and frequently represented in the poet’s idiolect cognitive feature of the hyperconcept «proper quality» and one of its types - socio-communicative, characterological. Modeling of meaning within the framework of the epithet complex occurs by means of non-usual use of epithet vocabulary, changes in the compatibility properties of characteristic words and objects of epithetation, conditioned by poetic attitudes. Results. The authors conclude that epithet complexes of various semantic and structural types, verbalizing the characterological socio-communicative feature of the cognitive feature «proper quality» of the hyperconcept Quality, are a systemic phenomenon of paradigmatic nature, embodying the anthropomorphism of the poet’s language.
Technical re-equipment of Soviet industry in the 1950s
Authors:   MIREA - Russian Technological University, Bodrova E. V. , Kalinov V. V. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University»
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The need to ensure technological sovereignty, which is critically important in the complicated geopolitical situation, actualizes the study of the Soviet experience of industrial and scientific and technical policy. Materials and Methods. The acuteness of the discussions and the possibility of analyzing currently declassified documents makes it possible to bring certainty to the assessment of the effectiveness of the economic course chosen by the Soviet government in the 1950s. The theory of modernization was the basis for the study. Analysis. On the basis of archival documents, it is proved that in the post-war period, the USSR lagged significantly technologically behind the leading Western countries, and the problem of a low percentage of implementations at heavy engineering enterprises remained acute. In this situation, the leading scientists of the Academy of Sciences, based on their comparative analysis of the technological development of the USA and the USSR, proposed a very promising plan for the technical re-equipment of Soviet industry, in which the main attention was paid to the automation of production. A necessary condition for academics was the reorganization of the industry that produces automation and telemechanics equipment, and the structures that manage it. They proposed to create a Ministry of Automation and Industrial Instrumentation. It was planned to create automatic plants and telemechanized complexes in various industries over the next few years, update a number of research projects and provide mass training of specialists. Results. Based on the conducted research, the conclusion is formulated that during the period under study, a powerful scientific and technical complex was created in the USSR, which was provided with highly qualified personnel. The studied documents do not allow us to agree with the authors’ conclusions about the beginning of the crisis, a significant slowdown in the 1950s, since the pace of technical re-equipment was still relatively high. After the most difficult and bloody war, it was possible to concentrate resources on priority areas, thanks to which it was possible to re-equip a number of leading industries. However, the pace of introduction of remote control and telemechanization of production was still insufficient. Automation in a significant part of industries covered single processes.
Anatoly Fydorovich Koni – the head of the criminal-cassation department of the Senate
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute (branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice, Kodintsev A. Ya.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. From 1885 to 1896 the Criminal Cassation Department of the Senate was headed by Chief Prosecutor A. F. Koni. The work is devoted to the role of Anatoly Fedorovich Koni in changing the system of judicial administration of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that many of the ideas of the pre-revolutionary prosecutor are important in our time. Separate proposals for the best organization of the court developed by Koni were used in Soviet times and later, up to the present day. The purpose of the study is to establish the main aspects of the managerial activity of a young prosecutor. To do this, we determine the main directions of work of the officials of the Ministry of Justice in the highest court of the empire. Materials and Methods. During the study, we used the problem-chronological method. It is based on sources previously not included in scientific circulation. This determines the scientific novelty of the work. Analysis. As a result of the study, applying the method and using a wide range of sources, we found that the administrative work of A. F. Koni consisted in the development of local regulations that improve the quality of work of subordinate officials. It also consisted in asserting the authority of the judicial and prosecutorial authorities, which the famous lawyer successfully achieved, in regular supervisory inspections of ward institutions (prisons, etc.), a general restructuring of office work part of the justice authorities, the execution of higher orders and other powers. Results. It can be concluded that the active young implementer of the judicial reform of 1864 reached the top of the prosecutor’s career, quickly overcoming the administrative steps. No failures (the case of Vera Zasulich, etc.) stopped his progress. His popularity exceeded his formal official position. Koni took an active part in the development of dozens of normative acts of the empire, acquired numerous connections among the higher elite and proved to be a good leader.
Procurement activity of consumer cooperation in the Krasnodar Territory in the conditions of economic recovery (1943–1945)
Authors:   Armavir State Pedagogical University, Mesropyan A. E.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the problem considered in the article is connected with the need for creative use of the experience of economic activity of consumer cooperation. The novelty of the research is connected with the study of the problem that has not received proper coverage in the historical literature. The purpose of the study is to analyze the procurement activities of consumer cooperatives of the Krasnodar Territory during the Great Patriotic War. Materials and methods. The research is based on the principles of objectivity, historicism and a systematic approach. The following special historical methods were used in the preparation of the study: historical-genetic, historical-comparative and statistical. Analysis. During the Great Patriotic War, the importance of procurement activities of consumer cooperatives has significantly increased. In particular, the procurement of agricultural products and raw materials played an important role in the conditions of the restoration of the economy of the Krasnodar Territory in 1943–1945. Despite the objective difficulties, the Kuban consumer cooperation has been increasing the volume of agricultural products and raw materials every month. Metal billets were of primary importance as it was one of the areas of assistance to the front. The main factors in the development of procurement work were the increase in the level of procurement organization by the leadership of the district consumer unions and the procurement office, as well as the hard work of employees. At the same time, during the procurement, such shortcomings as the limited availability of goods allocated for exchange, the lack of the necessary amount of containers, the irresponsible attitude of a number of leaders of consumer societies and theft of material values were revealed. At the end of the war, certain successes were achieved in the fight against these negative phenomena. Results. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the procurement activity of consumer cooperatives played an important role in the conditions of economic recovery of the Krasnodar Territory.
Training of the managerial elite for the British Empire (a case study of public school the United Services College)
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Pantyukhina T. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that it has not been studied in the national historical science. Meanwhile, the experience of training effective managerial personnel in England in the last third of the XIX – early XX centuries seems worthy of study and reflection. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the problem on the case study of the United Services College, its history and biographies of its most prominent graduates. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that this problem has not been the subject of special research in Russian historiography. Materials and Methods. The sources used for the analyses consist of documents on the history of the school, memoirs of its graduates, Kipling’s novel “Stalky and Co.” based on the writer’s school years, documents of the “Kipling Society”. The following methods were used: narrative, descriptive, comparative. Analysis. The United Services College was founded in 1874 with the aim of providing the sons of military personnel with inexpensive school education and prepare boys to go on to cadet colleges to train for a military career. Mission of the school was to mold “men of action”, to teach patriotism, team spirit, leadership skills. Students were brought up to become practical, efficient, brave and effective leaders. Extra curriculum activities were consistent with these purposes. The rules were strict, physical punishment was an accepted teaching method and bullying was common. The examination oftheUSC graduates’ careers is essential for assessing the effectiveness of students’ preparation for their future services. Results. Despite a rather short history the United Services College provided the country with a large number of military and civil personnel. 468 graduates joined the British Army, nearly all served throughout the Empire. 198 graduates joined the Indian Army, 51 did service in the Royal Navy and associated forces, 308 USC’s graduates worked abroad in civil organizations, often in Colonial Service Some graduates reached high ranks of Admiral or General. During World War I USC’s graduates earned numerous awards and decorations. Many of them including two Generals, died in the war. The careers of the most distinguished USC’s graduates: Kipling and Dunsterville provide an example of the school’s capacity to effectively train boys for the future.
The institute of limitation of exemption from criminal liability in respect of crimes of a terrorist nature
Authors:   South-Russian Institute of Management - a branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Pashenko E. A. , Gorban A. V. ,   South-Russian Institute of Management - a branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The change in the legislative position regarding the application of statute of limitations to crimes involving terrorist activities and the obligatory application of the criminal legislation of Russia and the RSFSR led to the search for a formula for the application of statute of limitations. Joining the composition of international encroachments, in respect of which there is an unconditional ban on the application of statute of limitations, a group of terrorist crimes, formed different positions of law enforcers on comparing the grounds for applying statute of limitations. With regard to acts committed before the introduction in the current criminal law of limitation of statute of limitations for crimes of a terrorist nature, scientific views are reduced to the non-application of a preemptive statute of limitations of 15 years, since the General and Special parts of the criminal law of the Russian Federation are systematically applied. Materials and Methods. The choice of methods is explained by the choice of tasks. The comparative-historical method is used in the work to identify the patterns of application of statute of limitations in a historical perspective; a comparative method was used to summarize the data on the application of the grounds for exemption from criminal liability during the period of the laws of the RSFSR and the Russian Federation, as well as the law of the Russian Federation during the period of application of various editions of Article 78 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Analysis. The procedure for applying the rules on exemption from liability in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations should not be decided through the prism of the institutions of the operation of the law in time and the retroactive effect of the criminal law. Results. The procedure for implementing the legislative idea of non-application of statute of limitations for terrorist crimes is carried out by implementing the prohibition of applying a pre-trial period to crimes punishable by death.
The Grand Duchy of Berg in the Napoleonic Wars in the field diary of Lieutenant Zimmermann
Authors:   Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky, Ispanov K. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. After becoming emperor of France in 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte had to solve an extremely difficult geopolitical situation: the old European monarchies were in no hurry to recognize the legitimacy of the newly-made emperor’s power, so France had to act not only by force of arms, but also by demonstrating the effectiveness of the new order by creating model states located in Germany and becoming a showcase. One of these model states was the Grand Duchy of Berg, formed on the territory of the former duchies of Cleves and Berg in 1806. Napoleon sends his officials to the young duchy, actively carries out reforms for the development of the economy, the social sphere, as well as reforms of the army. Materials and methods. Newly formed military contingents recruited on the territory of the states were to take part in the conflicts of the first quarter of the XIX century, and the Grand Duchy of Berg was no exception. Analysis. The article considers the reflection of the participation of the Berg infantry in the Napoleonic Wars from 1807 to 1814 on the pages of the field diary of sergeant and then lieutenant of the 1st Infantry Regiment of the Grand Duchy of Berg P. Zimmermann. Attention is focused on the perception of Spaniards and Russians by German soldiers, on the image of the war as a whole based on the diary mentioned above. The images drawn by Zimmermann are ambivalent at first: he pays tribute to the courage, perseverance and patriotism of the Guerilliers, complains about cruelty and excesses, condemns looting by soldiers of allied units. Result. The tragic fate of the Berg contingent in Russia leads the author of the diary to speculate about good and evil, about combat brotherhood, about the senselessness of losses, the brutality of the Cossacks, the ingratitude of German civil officials. But the leitmotif of the whole narrative is the glorification of the honor of Berg’s soldiers and officers, who did not lose their dignity in the most dangerous and difficult situations.
Consituative structure and content modification of the concept in Russian media discourse
Authors:   Stavropol State Teacher Training Institute, Borisova T. G.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The key to modern media discourse is its topical determinacy and narrativity based on initial goal setting. With this regard, the correlation of the core and peripheral associative components of basic concepts conveyed in media texts with the utilitarian and operational zones of the collective space in the process of deliberation gives them the status of dominants. Materials and Methods. The basic methods for analyzing the structure and content of the modified concepts were hermeneutic-noematic and discursivemodus methods, which made it possible to describe the mechanisms of pragmatic and interpretive explication in a specific semiosis situation. Analysis. A concept is a multi-level hierarchical structure with conventionalized representatives of each of its layers; the structure can be changed by rethinking individual components based on the search for new verbalizers. Each of the modified elements must acquire and maintain the “declared” value within the framework of the concept, i.e. be legitimized in discourse as carrying “objective meaning”. This “objectivity” of meaning allows a new facet of the concept to fit into the existing value-oriented system of the modern Russian community. Results. Based on the hermeneuticnoematic and discursive-modus analysis of microcontexts containing non-usual verbalizers of the basic concept of VICTORY in modern media discourse, we can conclude that the vectors of actualization of the negative and positive spaces of interpretation are demarcated within the framework of the binary oppositions “friend – foe” and “good – bad”. The following are recognized as the key mechanisms of consituative modification of the content of the concept: 1) modus binding of nuclear and peripheral semantics to the stereotyped semiotic representation of collective experience, 2) the use of intimization means, 3) dysphemization of the “foe” space and verdictive euphemization of the “friend” space.
The problem of strategic arms reduction in the context of modern Russian-American relations
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Kashirina T. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article presents an analysis of the process of reducing strategic arms of Russia and the United States. The author gives an assessment of the Soviet-American détente and the Soviet-American disarmament treaties as laying the political normative and legal foundation for the development of the disarmament process after the end of the Cold War. The study analyzes the Russian-American New START Treaty concluded by Presidents B. Obama and Dmitry Medvedev in 2010. Particular attention is paid to the problem of mutual inspections by Russia and the United States during the implementation of START-3. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of Soviet-American and Russian-American treaties in the field of disarmament, materials from the Russian Foreign Ministry, the American administration of J. Biden, and publications in the American press. A systematic integrated approach, specific historical and comparative historical methods were used. Analysis. According to official data from the Russian Foreign Ministry, the American side resorted to certain “tricks” - not only actually reducing weapons, but achieving final results by converting some weapons into non-nuclear or training ones. The Russian department could not confirm that these strategic weapons were rendered unusable as provided for by the treaty. In the context of the Russian-Ukrainian crisis and the beginning of the Russian SVO the following issues became particularly difficult in the process of mutual verification of disarmament: the cessation of regular air traffic, the extension of flight times, which could contribute to the “leakage” of confidential information; the complexity of the visa regime for Russian specialists, especially in transit countries; difficulties in making Russian payments for verification services; the lack of unambiguous guarantees of providing the opportunity for aircraft of the Russian Ministry of Defense with inspectors on board to fly through the airspace of Western countries closed to Russia. Results. A conclusion is drawn about the importance of signing New START treaty, which became a major milestone in the development of relations between Moscow and Washington in the military-political sphere. Violation of mutual inspection activities in the context of sanctions imposed by the West against Russia violated the principles of equal access to the Treaty verification mechanisms, created clear advantages for the American side and led to the suspension of Russia participation in New START.
Analisis Hasil Ujian Nasional Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kota Makassar Menggunakan Linear Mixed Model Regression
Authors: Setiawan Iman , Pannu Abdullah
Published: June 2024

Graduates of Vocational High Schools (SMK) in South Sulawesi Province, especially Makassar City, have a higher Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) than other levels of education. In fact, during the 2016-2020 period, various education management policies such as the revitalization of SMKs, the arrangement of study groups and the accreditation of SMK Education Units were held to encourage increased competence of graduates and the quality of SMK Education. The purpose of this study is to see how the pattern of National Examination (UN) results for SMKs in Makassar City in 2018-2020 and whether there are differences in the pattern of UN results for SMK accreditation. Because the analysis was carried out in multi years, the analysis was carried out using the Linear Mixed Model (LMM). Modeling is carried out in stages using 4 model schemes. This research shows that there has been a decrease in the SMK National Exam results in Makassar City in 2018-2020. In 2018, 2019 and 2020 each has an average of 52.26, 50.33 and 46.50. When viewed based on SMK accreditation, it can be seen that the decline in SMK National Examination results only occurs in SMKs that are not accredited A. This shows that policies related to increasing the competence of graduates and the quality of SMK education, especially in Makassar City, have no impact or even cannot be implemented properly for SMKs with accreditation other than A.
Improving the Accuracy of Food Commodity Price Prediction Model Using Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Yahaya Shehu Zakiya , Dutse A. Y , Gital A. Y. , Abdullahi U. A , Zahraddeen Yakubu Ismail
Published: June 2024

The world market for agricultural commodities is essential to maintaining both economic stability and food security. However, due to its intrinsic volatility, this market is subject to price fluctuations caused by a variety of variables, including supply chain interruptions, geopolitical events, and economic conditions. Predicting food commodity prices accurately and on time is essential for all parties involved, including farmers, traders, policymakers, and consumers. The existing method proposed a hybrid LSTM-CNN model to forecast weekly prices of oats, corn, soybeans, and wheat in the U.S., finding that hyperparameter tweaking over 15 weeks affected its accuracy. Despite its strengths, the LSTM- CNN model faced challenges such as complexity, computational cost, and overfitting, highlighting the need for better optimization and hybrid approaches to improve prediction accuracy. The Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) was used in this study to optimize hyperparameters and train deep neural network architecture for food commodity price prediction in Nigeria. The study utilized four performance metrics: RMSE, MSE, MAE, and R2. The proposed model achieved the lowest RMSE (0.0071-0.0073), MSE (0.0061), and MAE (0.0082-0.0083) values, indicating higher accuracy in predictions compared to CNN-LSTM and CNN models. Additionally, it achieved the highest R2 values (0.972-0.975), further demonstrating its superior performance in forecasting food commodity prices.
Burn Contracture in Children: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Yong Hengki , Hatibie Oley Mendy , Suoth Stevy
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Contracture after a burn injury is the most common complication that might happen. The child’s healing process is faster than that of adults, causing a faster development of contracture unless the joint is directly injured. In developing country such as Indonesia, it is harder for children with burn injuries receive acute burn care, resulting a debilitation joint and soft tissue contracture. Case Series: We presents six case series of burn contracture in children with various clinical appearance and predilection. The challanges of burn injury in children especially in this case series is the knowledge of parent in urban area such as nutritional status, believing in traditional methods, timing to ask for help, and the parental concern. Many challenges we found when we discussion with parents. Discussion: Along with the technology and knowledge development, there is various way to overcome contractures. Some of them such as, doing incisions in parallel to relaxed skin tension lines also can minimize the chance of contracture. In other hand, if contracture already happen, reconstructure procedure should be done. Apart from the impact of the injury and its treatment, parents’ reaction and responses to the traumatic event have been shown significantly to influence the child’s functioning, wellbeing and phycological recovery. Conclussion: Preventive procedure in contracture may leading to decrease huge costs of care and significant physical, psychological, and economic reactions on the burned survivor and their families. Without having to face effects of these contractures, excellent education and regular patient monitoring can provide positive results.