bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
value-rich exposures in medical education; synthesizing the concept
Authors: Afshar Leila , Yazdani Shahram , Foroutan Seyed Abbas , sabeghi hakimeh
Published: October 2021

Background: Proper transfer of professional values is an essential part of medical education. Real-life experiences in the educational process are one of the most effective methods for achieving values and assisting the student in developing his/her value framework. This study aimed to develop and characterize the concept of value-rich exposures in medical education to bring this concept closer to the practice.Methods: We used Walker and Avant concept synthesis method. In order to perform the synthesis, a combination of hermeneutic phenomenological method and literature review was used.Results: We defined the concept of value-rich exposure in medical education under five themes while implementing the steps of Walker and Avant's concept synthesis: probing self-inner values, value-rich program, value mentor, value-rich interactions, and value-rich environment. The elements and relationships of the themes were depicted in the form of a conceptual matrix.Conclusions:A value-rich exposure is a type of lived experience that occurs during a student’s professional life, a necessity that, with proper planning, can play an important role in shaping medical students' professional identities.
Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in Gastric Propria Muscularis Treated by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Authors: Jia Yuting , Li Erfeng , Zhang Zhen , Guo Bin , Chen Xing
Published: October 2021

Background: Heterotopic gastric mucosa（HGM）is a congenital anatomical variation. It can occur in various tissues and organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Part of the HGM appeared as a solitary, sessile submucosal lesions covered with normal mucosa, and because it was relatively rare, thereby resulting in some HGM to be easily missed or misdiagnosed. We report on a case of heterotopic gastric mucosa in gastric propria muscularis.Case presentation: A 32-year-old man with abdominal distension for one month. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed hemispherical lesion covered with smooth mucosa located in gastric antrum. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed that it might be derived from the submucosa, with no echogenic nodules, and a partition is visible inside. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed and histological examination revealed scattered heterotopic mucosal glands (HGG) located in the propria muscularis. Regular follow-up, the patient's abdominal distension was significantly relieved.Conclusion: HGM of the type of submucosal tumor-like lesion is rare. EUS is a well-established method for submucosal lesion. On EUS, these lesions showed cystic anechoic central core in the submucosa with no solid component,which is similar to gastric cyst. Therefore, this requires us to be alert to the possibility of HGM in order to further evaluate and treat, and if necessary, it can be removed by ESD.
Effectiveness of Moxibustion for Allergic Rhinitis : a Systematic Review
Authors: pang kaiyun
Published: October 2021

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of moxibustion to the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of moxibustion to the treatment of AR was retrieved who search alone by two researchers in 31 August , 2021. The final 24 articles were retained by two other researchers based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Results: Moxibustion is effective in the treatment of AR among which heat-sensitive moxibustion has the most significant effect (P<0.00001) , followed by governor vessel moxibustion(P<0.0008), again is thunder fire moxibustion(P=0.003), the worst effect was herb-partitioned moxibustion(P=0.70). In the symptom subgroup comparison, moxibustion is effective in controlling sneezing(P=0.03) and runny nose(P=0.05), and the best is heat-sensitive moxibustion(P<0.00001) whether it is sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose and nasal itching is the best. In the follow-up subgroup analysis, the efficacy of the follow-up of 3 months and 1 month was the same (P<0.00001) that the long-term efficacy of moxibustion for AR was better. In the IgE subgroup, moxibustion in the treatment of AR can make serum IgE down both after treatment(P<0.00001) and 6 months(P<0.0001). Conclusion: Moxibustion treatment of AR can not only improve the clinical symptoms of patients and control the attack, but also has a good long-term effect to prevent recurrence. Moxibustion treatment of AR heat-sensitive moxibustion effect is the best. Due to the limitations of this study, large-scale clinical high-quality randomized, a multi-center, controlled trial clinical study is needed in order to further verify our conclusions.
Increased Numbers of Circulating Th22 and Th17 Cells in Children With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Liwen Zhang , Zhiying Huang , Mei Xue , Xiaoyu Zhang , Fei Wang , Xuan Zhao , Yu Wan , Liang Ma
Published: October 2021

T-helper (Th) 17 and Th22 cells are critical for the pathogenic process of Kawasaki Disease (KD). A total of 43 children with freshly diagnosed KD and 20 healthy controls (HC) were quantified for the numbers of Th17, Th22 and Th1 cells by flow cytometry. The concentrations of serum IL-17, IL-22, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α were examined by ELISA. Compared to those in the HC, significantly increased numbers of Th17 and Th22 cells, but not Th1 cells, and higher levels of serum IL-17 and IL-22, but not IFN-γ, were found in KD patients. Stratification analysis indicated the numbers of both Th17 and Th22 cells and the concentrations of serum IL-17 and IL-22 in KD patients with coronary artery lesions (CAL) were significantly greater than that in those with noncoronary artery lesions (NCAL). Treatment with the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy significantly decreased numbers of Th22 and Th17 cells as well as the serum concentrations of IL-22 and IL-17 in KD patients. The concentrations of serum IL-22 and IL-17 were correlated positively with C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values as well as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in those patients respectively. Conclusion: Our study provided direct evidence that Th22 and Th17 cells might contribute to the pathogenesis of KD.
Survival Analysis of Duration of exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia: Comparison of Proportional Hazard model and Accelerated Failure Time models
Authors: Gemechu Bacha Ewunetu , Merga Tilahun Bedaso
Published: October 2021

Introduction Early cessation of EBF has the short and long term effect for the welfare of infants including the life-long impacts of poor school performance, reduced productivity, and impaired intellectual development. Objective of the study: the main objective of this study was to compare the performance of CPH model and AFT models in analyzing EBF data in Ethiopia, 2016 EDHS. Specifically, the study aimed to identify the major predictor variables of the duration of EBF based on 2016 EDHS data.Methodology: The secondary data is obtained from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), 2016. The outcome variable of this study was the duration of EBF in month. To achieve the objective of the study, descriptive survival analysis like the median survival time, Kaplan Meier survival estimate and log-rank test were used to compare the estimated survival probability among different levels of predictor variables at 5 percent significant level. The Cox proportional hazard regression and Accelerated failure time model were fitted and their results were compared using model comparison criterion such as AIC, BIC.Results: of 1092 interviewed mothers, 15.3 % of them were discontinued EBF and 84.7% of them were exclusively breastfed (censored). The estimated median duration of EBF was 3 months. Based on estimated Kaplan Meier survival curve and log-rank test, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in survivor experience of discontinuing EBF over each duration with respect to place of delivery, maternal education, husband education, mode of delivery and employment status. The fitted CPH and AFT model indicated that mode of delivery, wealth index, and employment status was found as significant predictors of EBF duration. Moreover, comparatively Weibull AFT model performed better in analyzing EBF data. According to the fitted model, mothers who were in poor wealth index category and who gave birth by cesarean shortens the duration of EBF by 16% and 29% respectively. On the other hand, employed mothers were improved the duration of EBF by 26%. Conclusion: Weibull AFT model is performed better in analyzing EBF data. A mother who was unemployed, poor wealth index, and gave birth by cesarean shortens the duration of EBF than their counterparts. Therefore, special emphasis should be given for mothers who are unemployed, who are economically poor, and give birth by cesarean to improve the duration of EBF.
Implantation of Dedifferentiated Fat Cells Ameliorated ANCA Glomerulonephritis by Immunosuppression and Increases in TSG-6
Authors: Utsunomiya Kei , Maruyama Takashi , Shimizu Satoshi , Matsumoto Taro , Endo Morito , Kobayashi Hiroki , Kano Koichiro , Abe Masanori , Fukuda Noboru
Published: October 2021

We examined the effects of implantation of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells on renal function, proteinuria and glomerulonephritis in SCG mice as a preclinical study of DFAT cell therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) glomerulonephritis and investigated mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive effects of the implantation of DFAT cells. After their intravenous infusion, almost all DFAT cells were trapped in the lung and not delivered into the kidney. Implantation of DFAT cells in SCG mice suppressed glomerular crescent formation, decreased urinary protein excretions, and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) mRNA, protein and immunostaining in kidney from these mice. Implantation of DFAT cells increased the expression of microRNA 23b-3p in plasma, kidney and lung in SCG mice and decreased the expression of CD44 mRNA and increased the expression of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-10 mRNAs in kidney from these mice. Implantation of DFAT cells increased expression of TSG-6 protein and decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-a protein in kidney from SCG mice. Further, implantation of DFAT cells increased the expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 protein, a chemokine for M2 macrophages, and decreased the expression of MCP-1 protein, a chemokine for M1 macrophages, in kidney from SCG mice. Survival rates were higher in SCG mice with implantation of DFAT cells than in SCG mice without implantation. These results indicate that implantation of DFAT cells suppressed renal injury including glomerular crescent formation in kidney from SCG mice while increasing the expression of TSG-6 without delivery of DFAT cells directly into kidney. Mechanisms underlying the effects of improvement of ANCA glomerulonephritis are associated with immunosuppressive effects by TSG-6 and the transition of M1 to M2 macrophages. These findings suggest that implantation of DFAT cells may become a cell therapy for ANCA glomerulonephritis.
OCT4 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Cell Metastasis and Angiogenesis via Modulating VEGFR2/LRPPRC Pathway
Authors: Wu Dongling , Xie Weiwei , Wang Husheng , Chen Wei , Chen Xin , Sun Huizhen
Published: October 2021

Background: Due to its high ability of metastasis, ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy, yet its underlying mechanism remains unconfirmed. Objectives: The main purpose is to probe into the role and regulation mechanism of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) in angiogenesis and metastasis in ovarian cancer.Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence in epithelial ovarian cancer specimens and benign ovarian tumor samples were performed, followed by RNA-sequencing and examination of angiogenesis, cell migration and invasion in OCT4 knockdown cell lines and the controls. Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses were conducted along with models of zebrafishes and nude mice of transplanted tumors to gain insights into the specific functions and mechanisms of action of OCT4 in ovarian cancer.Results: Firstly, we discovered that OCT4 expression was enhanced in ovarian cancer tissues significantly, especially in the metastatic lesions, indicating that OCT4 might be a key for the metastasis of ovarian cancer. Furtherly, we observed and verified that OCT4 promoted cell migration and invasion, and induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, OCT4 modulated the transcription of leucine‑rich PPR motif‑containing protein (LRPPRC)，and furtherly interacted with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/LRPPRC complex and ultimately triggered the downstream FAK/AKT signaling pathway . Conclusions: Together, through models of ovarian cancer cells, zebrafishes and tumor-transplanted mice, this study highlighted the importance of OCT4/LRPPRC/VEGFR2 signaling axis in metastasis of ovarian cancer and angiogenesis. Thus, our finding supplied a potential novel molecular-targeted approach for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
The High-Grade Glial Component Of Pediatric Primary Anaplastic Ganglioglioma Characterized Astroblastoma-Like Pseudorosettes With BRAFV600E Mutation And Deletion Of CDKN2A/B, PTEN, And BMPR1A: A Case Report
Authors: Zejun Duan , Kun Yao , Jing Feng , Xueling Qi
Published: October 2021

Background: Ganglioglioma (GG) is a low-grade mixed neuronal-glial tumor which is the most common type of long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs). However, primary anaplastic ganglioglioma (AGG) which composes of malignant changes is rare. Here, we report a case of pediatric primary AGG which is consisted of low-grade/begnin GG and high-grade glioma that was characterized by astroblastoma-like pseudorosettes. Case presentation: We describe a case of 4-year-old female who presented with medically refractory seizure for 14 months by a temporal mass. The patient underwent a gross total mass resection at the first surgery, and was only treated with antiepileptic therapy and followed by observation. After nine months, tumor recurrence was found. Followed by second operation, the patient was treated with chemotherapy (oral temozolomide and antiepileptic drugs) and local radiotherapy. At 58-month follow-up after the second operation, no epileptic seizures and tumor recurrence were found again. In the first sample, the tumor contained two different components. The major component presented the low-grade GG’s features of neoplastic glial cells and dysplastic ganglion cells. The minor component was a heterogeneous high-grade glioma characterized astroblastic-like pseudorosettes clusters with increased mitotic figure (about 4-6 per 10 high-power fields). CD34 staining was negative. BRAFV600E was positive in both components. In the recurrent sample, the heterogeneous high-grade glioma became the major component. The fuorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of MN1 break-apart probe and MYB–QKI fusions probe were negative. BRAFV600E mutation, and deletion of CDKN2A/B, PTEN and BMPR1A were detected by targeted DNA sequencing. Conclusion: This case extends the histomorphologic spectrum and enriched genetic features of primary AGG in childhood. The high-grade glioma charactered astroblastoma-like pseudorosettes may be an important cause of tumor recurrence in a short period of time. Tumor gross total surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were important to achive an event-free survival.
Study of Bone Quality and Fracture Line Morphology of the Posterior Medial Humeral Calcar in Proximal Humeral Fractures
Authors: Xu Zheng , Xiang Ming , Yang Jinsong , Gao Xu , Cao Yi
Published: October 2021

Objective: To investigate the relationship between fracture line morphology, bone quality and fracture morphology of the posterior medial humeral calcar in proximal humeral fractures METHODS: CT data of patients with proximal humeral fractures diagnosed in our hospital from 06/2019 to 06/2021 were retrospectively analyzed to describe the map and coordinate analysis of the posterior medial humeral calcar fracture based on three-dimensional reconstruction, to create varus, valgus and normal groups according to the inclination angle of the humeral head, and to measure the bone mass of the posterior medial humeral calcar and perform statistical analysis.RESULTS: Sixty-two patients met the inclusion criteria, aged 15 to 72 years, there were 21 varus, 24 valgus and 17 normal types. Epiphyseal extension occurred most frequently posteriorly and medially, with the fracture line ending mostly posterior to the greater tuberosity. The thickness of the varus was (2.33 ± 0.47), valgus was (2.59 ± 0.33) and normal type was (2.69 ± 0.53). The T-test showed that the thickness of the bone in the varus was less than the other two types, and bone density and pinch angle were no statistically significant.CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between the trend of the posterior medial fracture line of the humeral calcar, bone density and internal, external rotation of the humeral head. The medial bone thickness after varus is less than that of valgus and normal fractures. The fracture line endpoint is mostly located posterior to the greater tuberosity.
Optimal Planning of the Mobile Cargo Ropeway Repair Strategy
Authors: Lagerev Alexander V. , Lagerev Igor A.
Published: October 2021

The focus of this research is to increase the reliability of mobile cargo ropeways formed by autonomous self-propelled transport units. The article deals with the development of a method for forming an effective technical and economic strategy for the restoration during planned repairs of those structural elements of transport units that can lead to critical failures of the ropeway. The method involves predicting the kinetics of the probability of failure-free operation of the ropeway during the entire life of its operation on the basis of predicting the failure-free operation of key elements of the transport units, the failure of which leads to an emergency disruption of the ropeway. In the process of integrating the system of Chapman-Kolmogorov differential equations, its periodic reformation is performed at the time of planned repairs, which allows us to take into account the need for a discrete change in the probability of failure-free operation of the restored structural elements. As a criterion for the optimality of the repairs strategy, the condition for obtaining the minimum total cost of repairs is used, while ensuring the average probability of failure-free operation. The formation of such an optimal strategy includes planning the schedules, number, time points, volume and cost of restoration work. The effectiveness of the repair strategy is determined by the total number of planned repairs and the minimum permissible probability of critical failure of structural elements. Conditions have been established under which further improvement of the level of ropeway reliability becomes an economically unprofitable task.
Development and Verification of a Model for Assessment of Risk Factors of Death in Floods
Authors: Yari Arezoo , Zarezadeh Yadolah , Rahimiforoushani Abbas , Ardalan Ali , Boubakran Mohsen Soufi , Bidarpoor Farzam , Ostadtaghizadeh Abbas
Published: October 2021

Background: Determination of the causes of flood-related deaths is the precondition for effective interventions aimed at the reduction of such deaths. There is a gap in the design and the development of a valid and reliable tool for measuring underlying factors of death in the flood.Methods: A complete set of causes of flood deaths was collected. After forming the pool of items, an initial questionnaire was designed and divided into two parts of objective and subjective factors. The questionnaire’s psychometric evaluation was performed for the subjective part.Results: At the design stage, the objective and subjective sections were designed. During the psychometric evaluation, the number of items was reduced. While measuring the content validity 13 questions were excluded. Finally, a 33-item questionnaire was developed in seven categories. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the KMO coefficient was higher than .05 for all constructs. The internal consistency of the instrument using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.92. Finally, in order to perform the stability test, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for all questions. This was above .05 and acceptable.Conclusions: FAFDQ can be used to make decisions, identify groups at risk of flood-related deaths, and implement flood-related death-reduction interventions. Indeed, these measures have led to the development of a comprehensive and reliable questionnaire for measuring the factors affecting flood deaths: a comprehensive set of factors that can be scientifically and accurately classified as flood-related deaths, appropriately categorizing the subjective and objective factors, psychometric assessment of the SFAFDQ, confirmatory factor analysis and questionnaire testing in a case-control Study.
Plasma proteomic profiling of pan-cancer patients discovers biomarkers of cancers
Authors: Bai Lin , Feng Jinwen , Qiao Xiaoqiang , Qu Yuanyuan , Lyu Jiacheng , Yang Guojian , Zhu Yuanxue , Gao Hui , Liao Lingxiao , Zang Aiming , Ding Wencong , Zhang Hailiang , Zhu Lingli , Wang Yan , Wang Liang , Wang Xiaofang , Li Yumiao , Li Jinghua , Yin Xiaoping , Zhao Guofa , Liu Dan , Gao Xiangpeng , Liao Yongshi , Ye Dingwei , Jia Youchao , Ding Chen
Published: October 2021

Circulatory system proteins play a central role in human physiology; therefore, profiling plasma proteins has been explored widely as a robust and dynamic tool in studying diseases. Here, we investigated the proteomic profile of plasma in 1,118 pan-cancer patients. The integrative analysis uncovered diverse molecular characteristics of different cancer types and bridged the plausible connection with the clinical features, including tumor stages. The findings demonstrate that the balance between lipid and glucose metabolisms is important in regulating immune infiltration. The pre- and post-surgery comparison of the plasma proteome indicated that tumor-induced angiogenesis is overexpressed in the tumor, and the differences between the proteome patterns could monitor post-surgery therapeutic effects. Finally, we developed a panel of tumor-type-specific proteins to classify tumor types with >95% sensitivity/specificity. Collectively, this study portrayed the plasma proteome landscape of human cancers and screened reliable biomarkers that could assist in diagnostic and drug discovery efforts.
One-year Risks and Burdens of Incident Cardiovascular Disease in COVID-19: Cardiovascular Manifestations of Long COVID
Authors: Al-Aly Ziyad , Bowe Benjamin , Xie Yan , Xu Evan
Published: October 2021

The cardiovascular complications of acute COVID-19 are well described; however, a comprehensive characterization of the post-acute cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 at one year has not been undertaken. Here we use the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to build a cohort of 151,195 people with COVID-19, 3,670,087 contemporary and 3,656,337 historical controls to estimate risks and 1-year burdens of a set of pre-specified incident cardiovascular outcomes. We show that beyond the first 30 days of infection, people with COVID-19 are at increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease spanning several categories including cerebrovascular disorders, dysrhythmias, ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease, pericarditis, myocarditis, heart failure, and thromboembolic disease. The risks and burdens were evident among those who were non-hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection and increased in a graded fashion according to care setting of the acute infection (non-hospitalized, hospitalized, and admitted to intensive care). Taken together, our results provide evidence that risk and 1-year burden of cardiovascular disease in survivors of acute COVID-19 are substantial. Care pathways of people who survived the acute episode of COVID-19 should include attention to cardiovascular health and disease.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related lncRNAs And SNAI2 Are Potential Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Xu Xiang , Zou Renchao , Liu Xiaoyong , Su Qianqian
Published: October 2021

BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is critical in the development of inflammatory response, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, landscapes of EMT-related lncRNAs and their target genes have not been fully established in CAD.MethodsLncRNA and mRNA expression profiles obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to identify the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) between CAD and normal samples. Based on Pearson correlation analysis to identify the EMT-related lncRNAs, the optimal features were identified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, Support Vector Machine Reverse Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms, and logistic regression models were constructed aiming to distinguish CAD from normal samples. The cis and trans-regulatory networks were constructed based on EMT-related lncRNAs. We further estimated the infiltration of the immune cells in CAD patients with the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the correlation between key genes and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed.ResultsIn this study, a logistic regression model with powerful diagnostic capability was constructed based on a total of eight EMT-related lncRNAs identified by two machine learning methods. Then, results of the immune analysis revealed three significant immune cell subsets (CD8 T cells, monocytes, and NK cells) in CAD patients and found EMT-related lncRNAs were closely correlated with these immune cell subsets. By Pearson correlation analysis we got 34 “cis” and “trans” genes. Among them, SNAI2, an EMT-TF gene, was found in the trans-regulatory network of EMT-related lncRNAs. Further, through logistic regression and analysis of immune cell infiltration, we found SNAI2 was a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CAD but also a close correlation between highly expressed SNAI2 and these three immune cell subsets in CAD patients.ConclusionIn conclusion, these biomarkers have important significance in the diagnosis of CAD patients. Eight EMT-related lncRNAs and SNAI2 can improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism between EMT and CAD.
Candidate Genes Underlying QTL for Powdery Mildew Resistance in Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.)
Authors: Dyda Mateusz Maksymilian , Tyrka Mirosław , Gołębiowska Gabriela , Rapacz Marcin , Wędzony Maria
Published: October 2021

Combining to tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses is important target for modern triticale breeding. Cultivation of varieties resistant to fungal pathogens is economically and environmentally important and may lead to reducing of the use of fungicides. Molecular markers are necessary for accumulation of advantageous alleles in the best genotypes by means of marker-assisted and genomic selection approaches. In present research, QTL regions associated with the powdery mildew resistance at adult plant stage were evaluated in order to provide the effective selection tools. Testing of DH population in multiple environments under natural infestation revealed 20 QTL on wheat (4A, 3B, 4B) and rye (2R, 4R, 5R, 6R) chromosomes. Regions explained 8.1% - 29.3% of phenotypic variation depending of the trait, localization and year of the experiment. Main QTL with effect exceeding 15% were found on chromosomes 3B, 4B, 2R, 5R and 6R. QTL and candidate genes located on chromosomes 4B, 2R, 5R and 6R are so far reported for the first time as regions associated with PM resistance in the adult triticale plants. Additionally, within all QTL, 21 candidate genes associated with the PM resistance were revealed. Predicted function of protein encoded by these genes include triggering a defense system which restricts the pathogen growth, enzyme activity, regulation of hormone-activated pathways, transcriptional corepressor complex and cell wall construction. Availability of QTL, molecular markers together with candidate genes linked with the powdery mildew resistance can be validated on triticale lines and varieties and then, used in MAS to improve modern breeding.
Determinants and Reasons for Switching Anti-Retroviral Regimen Among HIV-Infected Youth in a Large Township of South Africa (2002-2019)
Authors: Kabarambi Anita , Balinda Sheila , Abaasa Andrew , Cogill Dolphina , Orrell Catherine
Published: October 2021

Background: There are limited data exploring antiretroviral therapy(ART) changes and time to change among South Africa young people living with HIV/AIDS. Objective: We describe the time to first drug switch, which includes ART regimen change (three drug switch) and substitutions (single drug switch). We describe common reasons for ART switch among young people aged 10 to 24 years in South Africa.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a primary health care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa, providing ART to HIV-infected adolescents and adults since 2002. those aged 10 to 24 years at ART initiation, who accessed care clinic between September 2002 and April 2019. Data was retrieved from electronic information systems: ART regimens, ART changes, dates for initiation or stop of each drug/regimen, laboratory results (viral loads, haemoglobin, liver enzyme results, and creatinine to support the reason for ART switch. From written records, we abstracted reason for single drug switch or regimen change, as well as socio demographic and clinical data. We fitted cox regression models to determine factors associated with ART switch and the rate of occurrence. Results: Of 2601 adolescents included, 605 (24.9%) adolescents switched ART over 5090.5 person years at risk (PYAR), a rate of 11.9 /100PYAR. Median follow-up time was 4.4 (±3.2) years. At multivariable analysis, ART switch was independently associated with age 18-24 years, versus 10-17 years: adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.98, transfer status [transferred out 1.42 [1.11-1.82]. The hazard of ART switch increased with more severe HIV-disease at ART start, as observed by increasing WHO clinical stage or reduced CD4 count at baseline. The primary reasons for ART switch were side effects (20.0%), virological failure (17.9%) and formulation switch (27.8%). Others reasons included pregnancy, Hepatitis B, tuberculosis and psychosis.Conclusion: ART switches are frequent and occur at a consistent rate across 7.5 years from initiation. The main reasons for ART switch were virological failure and drug side effects.
Cryptococcus gattii VGI Subtypes: Geographical Distribution, Molecular Traits, and Virulence Difference
Authors: Xue Xinying , Tang Wei , Zang Xuelei , Ke Weixin , Liu Yuxia , Li Zhiqiang , Xie Mei , Wang Lifeng , Shao Yiting , Wu Chongchong , Gao Jie , Ma Xidong , Zhao Sheng , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Qing , Deng Hui , Song Jialin , Deng Hengyu , Guo Shikun , Wang Xue , Huang Yemei , Gao Chengwen , Zhou Meng , Liu Sanhong , Xiao Meng , Wang Linqi , Shen Dingxia , Shi Yongyong , Zhang Liye
Published: October 2021

Background: As a life-threatening fungus, Cryptococcus gattii (C gattii) species complex is emerging worldwide. However, the geographical distribution, molecular traits, and virulence difference are poorly characterized in China.Results: From 2011 to 2017, we collected 32 strains of C gattii from 18 hospitals across China, of which 27 [84·4%] strains molecular traits were profiled by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and compared with strains previously described in China from 2006 to 2020. Totally 119 clinical cases caused by C gattii strains (87 in previous reports and 32 in our study) distributed widely in 20 provincial-level administrative regions of China, of which 114 strains molecular types were obtained. The majority molecular type was VGI (81/114, 71·1%) and the other was VGII (33/114, 28·9%). Four major subtypes of VGI (VGIa, VGIb, VGIc, and VGId) were revealed from global C gattii VGI (n=308), respectively accounting for 52·9% (163/308), 36·0% (111/308), 3·9% (12/308), and 4·2% (13/308). The other nine strains could not be assigned to these four subtypes clearly. Our clinical data suggested that VGIb cases had a worse clinical outcome than VGIa, which was consistent with in vitro and in vivo experiments. In addition, a candidate virulence SNP on SOD2 in VGIa was initially identified by comparing high-quality de novo reference genome.Conclusions: The geographical distribution of C gattii species complex was first described in China. C gattii VGI could be clearly segregated into four major subtypes based on genomics profiles and VGIb was more virulent than VGIa in China. Our study suggests the molecular type of C gattii is necessary for personalized treatment in clinic.
Technical-Economical Approach for PHB Production by Ralstonia Eutropha Strain Using Concentrated Vinasse as Carbon Source and Other Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Silverio Manuella , Piccoli Rosane , Reis João , Gomez José Gregorio , Baptista Antonio
Published: October 2021

The Brazilian ethanol industry is one of the most important in the global market, however these important industrial activities have been generating significant amounts of vinasse and its management has become costly for distilleries. In this study, the aim was to evaluate concentrated and in natura vinasse as basal culture media for biotechnological processes. Different bacteria and processes were assessed: L-threonine production by E. coli THR14, with glucose as carbon source; PHB production by halophilic strain Halomonas sp. HG03, with sucrose as carbon source; and PHB biosynthesis by R. eutropha L359PCJ, which used glycerol from vinasse as carbon source. Strains were evaluated firstly in shake flasks cultivations using vinasse-based media. E. coli THR14 had no statistical difference for biomass and L-threonine concentrations among control and vinasse-based treatments (up to 50% v v-1 of in natura vinasse). Halomonas sp. HG03 and R. eutropha L359PCJ were cultivated in mineral media diluted by in natura (50% and 75% v v-1) and concentrated (50% and 75% v v-1) vinasses. Higher vinasse concentrations resulted in higher cellular growth rather than PHB accumulation for both bacteria. In vinasse-based treatments, Halomonas sp. HG03 had PHB content between 19.6 – 75.2% and R. eutropha L359PCJ, 48.4 – 68.5%. 50% (v v-1) of concentrated vinasse was the most attractive condition for PHB production by both bacteria. Further experiments in CSTR bioreactors used this nutritional condition and R. eutropha L359PCJ had PHB content of 66.3%, concentrations of residual cell dry weight (rCDW) = 9.4 g L-1 and PHB = 18.6 g L-1, with YX/S = 0.16 g gGLYCEROL-1, YP/S = 0.32 g gGLYCEROL-1 and 0.25 gPHB Lh-1. Halomonas sp. HG03 had PHB content of 45.7%, rCDW = 9.8 g L-1, PHB = 8.3 g L-1 and YX/S = 0.18 g gSUCROSE-1, YP/S = 0.16 g gSUCROSE-1 and 0.12 gPHB Lh-1. Finally, cost reductions of PHB production by R. eutropha L359PCJ with concentrated vinasse-based medium were evaluated in silico by using SuperPro Designer. As a partial source of glycerol and other nutrients for PHB production by R. eutropha L359PCJ, vinasse reduced overall production costs by 13%. Simulated processes that used concentrated vinasse-based media combined with improvements of PHB productivity and higher cellular densities had production costs between US$ 3.9 – 7.5/kgPHB and 2.6 – 7.3 years of payback time.
7-Dehydrocholesterol is an endogenous suppressor of ferroptosis
Authors: Angeli Jose Pedro Friedmann , Freitas Florencio Porto , Nepachalovich Palina , Puentes Lohans , Zilka Omkar , Inague Alex , Lorenz Svenja , Kunz Viktoria , Nehring Helene , Silva Thamara Nishida Xavier da , Chen Zhiyi , Doll Sebastian , Schmitz Werner , Imming Peter , Miyamoto Sayuri , Klein-Seetharaman Judith , Kumar Lokender , Genaro-Mattos Thiago Cardoso , Mirnics Karoly , Meierjohann Svenja , Kroiss Matthias , Weigand Isabel , Bommert Kurt , Bargou Ralf , Garcia-Saez Ana , Pratt Derek , Fedorova Maria , Wehmann Ann , Horling Aline , Bornkamm Georg , Conrad Marcus
Published: October 2021

Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that has received considerable attention not only as a means to eradicate defined tumour entities but also because it provides unforeseen insights into the metabolic adaptation exploited by tumours to counteract phospholipid oxidation. Here, we identify a pro-ferroptotic activity of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) and an unexpected pro-survival function of its substrate, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Although previous studies suggested that high levels of 7-DHC are cytotoxic to developing neurons and favour lipid peroxidation, we now demonstrate that 7-DHC accumulation confers a robust pro-survival function in cancer cells. 7-DHC, due to its far superior reactivity towards peroxyl radicals, is shown here to effectively shield (phospho)lipids from autoxidation and subsequent fragmentation. We further demonstrate in a subset of ferroptosis-sensitive Burkitt lymphomas - where DHCR7 mutations have been reported - that the accumulation of 7-DHC is sufficient to suppress the basal sensitivity of cells toward ferroptosis, thereby translating into an unexpected growth advantage. Conclusively, our findings provide compelling evidence of a yet-unrecognised anti-ferroptotic activity of 7-DHC as a cell-intrinsic mechanism that could be exploited by cancer cells to escape ferroptosis.
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Lactational Mastitis in Eastern and Southern Africa: An Exploratory Analysis of Community-Based Household Surveys
Authors: Ouedraogo Mariame O. , Benova Lenka , Smekens Tom , Sinke Gezahegn G. , Hailu Abraha , Wanyonyi Herbert B. , Tolani Madalitso , Zumbe Caristus , Abejirinde Ibukun-Oluwa O.
Published: October 2021

BackgroundLactational mastitis is an extremely painful and distressing inflammation of the breast, which can seriously disrupt breastfeeding. Most of the evidence on the frequency of this condition and its risk factors is from high-income countries. Thus, there is a crucial need for more information on lactational mastitis and its associated factors in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsWe used data from representative, community-based cross-sectional household surveys conducted with 3,315 women from four countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania) who reported ever-breastfeeding their last child born in the two years before the survey. We first estimated country-specific and pooled prevalence of self-reported lactational mastitis and examined mastitis-related breastfeeding discontinuation. Additionally, we examined factors associated with reporting mastitis in the pooled sample using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression accounting for clustering at the country level and post-stratification weights.ResultsThe prevalence of self-reported lactational mastitis ranged from 3.1% in Ethiopia to 12.0% in Kenya. Close to 17.0% of women who experienced mastitis stopped breastfeeding because of mastitis. The adjusted odds of self-reported lactational mastitis were approximately two-fold higher among women who completed at least some primary school compared to women who had no formal education. Study participants who delivered by caesarean section had 1.46 times higher odds of reporting lactational mastitis than women with a vaginal birth. Despite wide confidence intervals, our models also indicate that young women (15 – 24 years) and women who practiced prelacteal feeding had higher odds of experiencing lactational mastitis than older women (25+ years) and women who did not give prelacteal feed to their newborn. ConclusionThe prevalence of lactational mastitis in four countries of SSA might be somewhat lower than estimates reported from other settings. We found that lactational mastitis may result in breastfeeding discontinuation in approximately 1 in 5 woman-infant dyads affected by the condition. Factors such as younger age, higher education, caesarean section, and prelacteal feeding may be associated with experiencing mastitis. Further studies should explore the risk and protective factors for lactational mastitis in African contexts and address the negative consequences on breastfeeding.
Determination of the Bacterial Compositions in the Bio-Drying Process of Sewage Sludge from Wastewater
Authors: Ubah Joseph Ikenna , Chibueze Ogwueleka Tochukwu , Ofeoshi C. I
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the bacterial compositions during the bio-drying process of sewage sludge. Bio-dried products and sewage sludge were randomly collected from the Wupa wastewater/sludge treatment plant in Idu Industrial area Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. A mixture of sewage sludge and sawdust that were bio–dried and cured before this experiment were composition of the bio–dried product. The bacterial communities were analyzed in the laboratory using Pour Plate Technique to examine the total bacterial present in the sewage sludge bio-drying material (SSBM) and the bacterial were later isolated using other techniques like Oxidase test, Catalase test, Grams Staining technique and Spread Plate Technique. Evaporation of free water and water formation was determined by humidity gauge and moisture-oven drying method. From the results obtained, Acinetobacter was the most abundant bacterial during the initial and final thermophilic phases (43% and 37%) respectively. Bacillus was the most abundant amid the cooling stage (53%). The water evaporation and water generation rate were credited to the degradation of organic content of the SSBM and heat produced by bacterial activities. From this study, there is a clear indication that the bacterial density grades that increase the temperature of the SSBM during the bio–drying process reshaped the bacterial communities.
Dual Block HER2 Assessment Increased HER2 Immunohistochemistry Positive Rate in Resected Specimens of Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trial From China
Authors: Xu Chen , Sun Miaomiao , Jin Mei , Li Zengshan , Qin Rong , Ren Guoping , Sun Wenyong , Chen Lirong , Luan Lijuan , Liu Yalan , Jiang Dongxian , Chen Lingli , Luo Rongkui , Hou Yingyong
Published: October 2021

Background

Former single center studies indicated that HER2 assessment with two primary tumor blocks (dual block HER2 assessment) could be an efficient and practical approach to overcome the adverse impact of heterogeneity and acquire a HER2 positive rate in gastric cancer (GC). This multicenter prospective clinical trial (NCT 02843412) was launched to verify its value and generality.
Methods

A total of 3806 participants with primary GCs have been enrolled from 8 hospitals in China. Two primary tumor blocks were selected and recorded as block 1 and block 2 after histological evaluation. An HER2 (4B5) rabbit monoclonal antibody was used for the immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. In total patients, HER2 IHC positive (3+) rate with dual block assessment (9.4%) was higher than that with single block assessment (block 1: 7.8%, block 2: 7.8%) (P < 0.001). Compared with single-block assessment, dual-block assessment increased the positive rate by approximate 20%. Similarly, HER2 equivocal (2+) rate was increased in dual block assessment (25.8%), which was higher than that in single block assessment (block 1: 20.3%, block 2: 20.9%) (P < 0.001). Conversely, dual block assessment demonstrated a lower HER2 negative (0/1+) rate (64.8%) than single block assessment (block1: 71.9%, block 2: 71.3%) (P < 0.001). These findings were also confirmed in individual hospitals.
Conclusions

Dual block HER2 assessment effectively increased HER2 IHC positive rate in resected specimens of GC. We recommended dual block HER2 assessment be promoted in routine clinical practice in GC.
Electromechanical Models of Micro and Nanoresonators
Authors: Skubov Dmitrii , Lukin Alexei , Privalova Olga , Popov Ivan , Shtukin Lev
Published: October 2021

This work is devoted to numerical and partly experimental investigation of the electromechanical models of micro and nanoresonators. The main purpose of this resonators is detected the adherence of micro or nanoparticles and measurement its mass. The periodical oscillations of mono and many layers nanocapacitors, from which nanoresonator situated in electric field is constructed, are studied. The purpose of this work is creating of electromechanical models of MEMS and NEMS the aim of which is to identify the changes introduced into dynamic systems due to adhesion of micro or nanoparticles. It’s significant to note that the time of overcharge of the nano-capacitor is much less, then the period of excited oscillations. This fact gives the possibility to apply asymptotic methods in numerical investigation. Physical experiments similar in model to the electromechanical nanoresonators were carried out. This work is an extended review article based on the results of previous our works.
Giant paraovarian cyst in an adolescent: a challenge of accurate diagnostic
Authors: Stefanopol Ioana Anca , Danila Dumitru Marius , Constantin Georgiana Bianca , Baroiu Liliana
Published: October 2021

BackgroundParaovarian cysts (POCs) are rarely seen among pediatric female patients. The diagnosis still represents a challenge. Giant POCs are exceedingly rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature.Case presentationA 17-year-old girl from the rural area presented with abdominal pain, pollakiuria and a giant abdomino-pelvic mass. Ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a 14cm x 24cm x 30cm anechoic unilocular cyst which raised the suspicion of a mesenteric or ovarian cyst. The correct diagnosis of left POC was established intraoperatory. Cystectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was serous cystadenoma.DiscussionsPOCs become symptomatic when reach large sizes or complicate, the most feared complication being ovary torsion. Imagistic investigations can establish the diagnosis of cyst, but the cyst’s origin often remains an intraoperatory discovery. Surgical excision is necessary to decrease the risk of complications, and adnexal preservation is essential in pediatric patients. Even for pediatric female patients POC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic abdominal masses.