bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying the Effect of Adding Alpha Lipoic Acid to Gabapentin to Improve Nerve Conduction Velocity and Glycemic Control of Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy (Sample of Iraqi population)
Authors: Hadi Rusul AbdulKareem , Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood , Salman Isam Noori
Published: April 2022

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress induces programmed cell death of nerves, which contributes to the pathology of Diabetic neuropathy. Many clinical trials depend on supplement, in an attempt to improve neuropathy symptoms such as (pain &

 

tingling) and patient quality of life, one of them is alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent anti-inﬂammatory and antioxidant with insulin-mimetic activity, it has been shown to improve clinical symptoms in experimental Diabetic neuropathy and protect peripheral nerves from ischemia, in addition to stimulate the nerve growth factor and promote fiber regeneration. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of Alpha-lipoic acid supplement as adjuvant therapy to gabapentin in patients with diabetic neuropathy, which can reflect by the improvement in nerve conduction velocity (NCV) a test was conducted to assess the severity of iabetic neuropathy and clinical symptoms. A prospective randomized- open-label interventional study for 3 months include 33 DN patients, aged (18-69) years were divided into two groups; group A  include 16 patients received gabapentin 300 mg once daily at night, and group B include 17 patients received gabapentin 300 mg once daily at night plus alpha-lipoic acid 600mg once daily. Pre and post 3 months of treatment, blood samples used to measure metabolic biomarkers (FBG, HbA1c), in addition to Nerve conduction velocity. The results showed that, the intervention group produced a highly significant change in HbA1c & no significant change in FBG levels after 3months of Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation. Meanwhile, there is no significant change in HbA1c & FBG levels in patients treated with gabapentin alone. Moreover, results showed highly significant improvement (P˂0.01) in Nerve conduction velocity for two groups at the end of the study. Addition of Alpha-lipoic acid to gabapentin in diabetic neuropathy patients result to improve the glycemic control & Nerve conduction velocity.

 after three months of treatment.
Effects of Nano silver particles on mechanical properties of polymeric dental filling
Authors: Abed lateef Abbas
Published: April 2022

Polymeric dental filling (light-cured dental filling) have many problems like polymerization shrinkage and weakness in mechanical properties. Recently, scientists found that nanoparticles are good solutions for many problems in dentistry.  Four nanoparticles were prepared ZnO, silver, ZrO2, and TiO2 by

 

sol-gel, laser ablation, chemical, and sol-gel methods. These nanoparticles were then added to light-cured dental filling as fillers. The polymeric dental filling containing the nanoparticles prepared were then examined by X-ray diffraction, depth of cure, compression strength, hardness (lower and upper surfaces), degree of cure, relation between depth of cure and degree of cure, diameter of samples, and polymerization shrinkage. The results showed that polymeric dental filling containing silver nanoparticles had the      maximum values of compression strength and hardness with improved mechanical strength with no polymerization shrinkage of the dental filling
Potential effect of pharmaceutical care to improve outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder in Sulaimani dialysis centers
Authors: Baiz Hawkar Qadir , Aziz Tavga Ahmed , Sharif Dana Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Objective: the present study was aimed to evaluate the role of pharmaceutical services in improving the outcome of mineral bone disorder in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.

Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD)

 

screened for eligibility, seventy-six patients enrolled in the study and randomly allocated into two groups: pharmaceutical care and usual care, both groups interviewed by the pharmacist using specific questionnaire for assessing the quality of life (QoL). All the drug related problems (DRPs) including drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were recorded by the pharmacist. Blood samples were collected and utilized for analyzing the levels of vitamin D, phosphorous, calcium, albumin and parathyroid hormone at baseline and three months after. The pharmaceutical care group received all the educations about their medications and how to minimize DRPs; improve the QoL. Additionally, the pharmaceutical intervention included correcting the biochemical parameters.

Results: Pharmaceutical care significantly improved patients QoL and minimized DRPs and DDIs. It was also effective in improving the biochemical parameters.

Conclusion: Pharmaceutical care has a positive impact on improving the outcome of patients with CKD-MBD through attenuating DRPs, improving the biochemical parameters and the QoL.
Molecular Drug Design, Synthesis and Antibacterial study of Novel 4-Oxothiazolidin-3-yl Derivatives
Authors: Ismaeel Sarah S. , Mahdi Monther F. , Abd Razik Basma M.
Published: April 2022

New compounds containing 4-thiazolidinone pharmacophore 5(a) and (5b) have been synthesized. The chemical structures of the intermediate and final compounds were characterized and confirmed by using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. All final compounds were tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using a well-diffusion technique for their ability as antimicrobial agents.  The tested compounds 5a and 5b showed variable and modest antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria. Molecular docking simulations were studied to understand the molecular core. The results were achieved by docking, the most active compounds into the active site of protein of the bacteria which completely accorded with in vitro results.
Nigella sativa's protective effect in acetaminophen induced liver toxicity in mice
Authors: Abdul Bari Mohammed Abdul Muttalib
Published: April 2022

Acetaminophen has contributed to acute liver failure disease in more than half of the USA and Britain but as an analgesic and antipyretic it is very effective. For many decades in Europe, Middle East and Africa, Nigella sativa has been used for various medical purposes, it is part of the botanical family Ranunculaceae of

 

Gently sloping plants, and is called black cumin seed., Nigella sativa conjugated sterols could be used as precursors to many hydrosoluble steroids for hemisynthesis. The aim of the Study   is to examine the promising hepatoprotective effects of Nigella sativa against Acetaminopheninduce hepatotoxicity in mice in this experiment Forty adult male albino mice, incorporated in the experiment   and Acetaminophenwas used to induce hepatotoxicity in a dose of 1 gm /kg by the oral route.

A number of biochemical and histopathological tests have been used to evaluate liver damage and Nigella sativa protective effects. The result showed a significant protective effect of Nigella sativa against acetaminophenhepatotoxic effect as Nigella sativa in this study tended to normalize the serum levels of liver enzymes, and the protective effects observed clearly by the histopathological evaluation confirming that it effectively protected mouse livers against severe damage caused by acetaminophen. Conclusion in our study it shows that Nigella sativa   have a very significant protective effects against acetaminophen induced liver toxicity which is recommended to be fully investigation on human especially to people on risk of acetaminophen liver toxicity
Studying the Toxicity of Hydroalcoholic Caraway Seeds Extract in Female Rats
Authors: Obeid Hajer Alaa , Mshimesh Bahir Abdul Razzaq , Mohsin Raghad Abdulmahdi
Published: April 2022

Caraway seeds are widely used as spice for flavoring and seasoning foods, like bread and salads, because of their pungent and anise like flavor and aroma. Carum carvi was utilized in folk medicine for the management of many diseases. It is useful in hypothyroidism,

 

liver and gall bladder problems, common cold, fever, bronchitis, diarrhea, and eczema. It also relives GIT spasms, fullness feelings and relieves baby's flatulent colic. The extracts of caraway have diverse compounds, including carvone and limonene, linalool, γ-terpinene and α-pinene. One or combination of these compounds may participate in the pharmacologic effects of caraway. Aim of this study was to assess toxicity of caraway extract on female rats. Carium carvi extract submitted to chemical analysis (Phytochemical screening and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis). Acute toxicity study has been performed using 24 female rats divided randomly in 4 groups (n=6 for each group) that received different doses of hydroalcoholic seed extract of caraway 1000, 3000 and ,5000 mg/kg for 14 days. On day 15, the rats were euthanized and whole blood collected to examine complete blood picture. The liver, kidney and the heart have been harvested for histopathologic study and relative organ weight changes. Caraway extract considered relatively safe on blood profile and immune system within the studied doses, as it shown a non-significant change on complete blood counts (CBCs) in a dose-dependent manner (Hb and RBCs increased slightly, while WBCs and PLTs decreased slightly) and without any change in body weight and relative weight percentage of different organs. As conclusion, hydroalcoholic extract of caraway seeds was relatively safe in rats at a dose up to 5000 mg/kg
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Cyclosporine Using Single Sampling Strategy
Authors: Al-Tamimi Duaa J. , Alani Mays E. , Ammoo Afaq M. , Ibraheem Jaafar J.
Published: April 2022

Cyclosporine is mainly used as Immunosuppressant after different kinds of transplantation including bone marrow, lungs, kidneys, liver, heart, and other types of organ transplantations. Immunosuppressants diminish organ rejection and elongate the survival of the transplanted organs. Due to the narrow therapeutic ranges and significantly

high interindividual and intraindividual variability in blood levels of cyclosporine, there is essential and vital need of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of this drug in order to maintain the patient within the required therapeutic concentrations, which consequently lead to optimizing the clinical outcome and decrease the hazard of toxicity or rejection following organ transplantations. The current review article was aimed to present data for using a single or possibly two blood sampling strategy to be used for TDM of cyclosporine in order to assess the optimal blood levels of cyclosporine used in organ transplant recipients. The results showed that steady state blood concentration of cyclosporine obtained after 2 hours (C2) and possibly after 3 hours (C3) of drug administration are the best sampling time points which reflect total drug exposure (area under blood concentration versus time curve=AUC) and consequently reflecting the effect and the adverse effect(s) of cyclosporine. On the other hand, blood samples obtained at other time points particularly steady state trough concentration obtained before the next dose (C0) demonstrated poor correlation with total drug exposure and consequently the clinical outcome of the drug. Moreover, this study also demonstrated that for organs transplantations TDM of cyclosporine and assessing the clinical conditions of the patients should be routinely performed in order to adjust the dose to get optimal effect and to diminish the adverse effects of the drug. This review article focused on the findings which indicated that monitoring steady-state blood levels of cyclosporine after 2 hours (C2) and likely after 3 hours (C3) of drug intake may be used as ideal surrogate index in TDM of cyclosporine and for predicting the clinical outcome of the drug in all and different types of organs transplantations.
Severity and Risk of Death Due to COVID 19
Authors: Shaymaa Hasan Abbas  , Rasha Saadi Abbas  , Lubab Tarek Nafea
Published: April 2022

A novel SARS-CoV2 virus appeared since December 2019 and triggering the Corona virus disease (2019-nCoV or COVID-19). Usually the symptoms begin as mild, with only fever, cough, and occasional dyspnea. The severe symptoms such as

 

pneumonitis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), may occur 5-8 days into COVID-19 illness in a minority of patients. Method:  for this narrative review, more than 25 related scientific articles and reports about COVID- 19 were used from different databases (e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) using keywords such as SARS-CoV2, COVID-19, Mortality, and CO-morbidities. Results The results of this review reported that aged people are more vulnerable to severe pattern of COVID-19 disease than people younger than 50 years; probably because of health issues and comorbidities in that population group. Male more than female affected by COVID-19. On the other hand, children might be less probable to infected or might show mild symptoms if infected. The small percentage of current smokers infected with COVID-19 compared with the actual percentage of smokers (50·5%) in China are unlikely to be related with the incidence, severity, or mortality rate of COVID-19. The poorer clinical outcome in COVID-19  infected patients may have related to the presence and number of co morbidities especially hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.  The direct SARS-COV2 infection of liver cells might be the cause of liver damage but might be related to other reasons such as systemic inflammation and drug toxicity. The data   suggested that liver damage is more predominant in severe cases especially with pre-existing liver diseases. patients with cancer might be more prone to COVID 19 due to their immunocompromised status but whether or not they have high risk of poor prognoses and sever event not fully established.
Phytochemistry and cytotoxic activity of Annona muricata Seed Extracts against MEF cell line
Authors: Saja Nabhan Addai  , Bahir Abdul Razzaq Mshimesh  , Ayad Mohammad Rasheed
Published: April 2022

Until February 2017, about two hundred and twelve bioactive compounds were confirmed to be present in Annona muricata. Annonaceous acetogenins (AGEs) are the predominant compounds that present in A.muricata followed by phenols, alkaloids and other compounds.

 

Leaves and seeds were the main parts examined in medical field. This study was conducted to evaluate the most probable active chemical components of Annona muricata seeds extracts.  Cytotoxic activity of Annona muricata seed extracts against MEF (mice embryo fibroblast) cell line was evaluated by 3-(4, 5 dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Ethanol and chloroform extracts were added at a final concentration (1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) for 72h exposure to MEF cells. The applications of common identification and characterization techniques which were Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) for analysis of bioactive compounds in the crude plant extracts involved. As conclusion, Annona muricata seed extract have a marked anti-proliferative activity against MEF cell line after 72h exposure period in concentration-dependent manner. The major active constituents of A.muricata seeds extract involve acetogenins, flavonoids, and alkaloids.
Aptamer Validation by Western Blot–an overview
Authors: Lamees Jamal Talib  , Basma Talib Al-Sudani  , Mustafa Ghazi Al-Abbassi
Published: April 2022

Western blot is the main and basic technique in cellular and molecular biology. The principle of the western blot is the isolation and detection of the target molecule usually from a cellular extract. The whole process of western blot consists of three stages and can be described briefly as separation of

 

protein. followed by transportation to a solid membrane and finally detection of the target by an antibody. Western blot technique is usually used for the detection of proteins but also can be used to detect other molecules such as aptamers. Aptamers can be defined as a short-stranded DNA or RNA that bind with the target with high specificity and affinity. Aptamers highly resemble antibodies with many advantages. In this review, there is a focus on the aptamers that had validated by western blot technique other than other methods. This method has the advantage of   less time required, no antibodies needed, and introducing the possibility of multiplexing detection.
The Testicular Protection Effect of Thiamine Pyrophosphate Against Cisplatin-treated Male Rats
Authors: Maitham Abd Ali Mnati  , Bahir Abdul Razzaq Mshimesh  , Nadia Hamid Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Infertility is a worldwide problem affecting both genders, it can be defined as the inability of the adult males to make a fertile woman pregnant after one year of regular intercourse. Cisplatin considers one of the most potent antineoplastic drugs that is extensively

 

used, alone or in combination with other antitumor agents, to manage solid and germ cell cancer. The major drawback in cisplatin treatment is its damaging consequence on various body tissue, including the testis, liver, renal and others. One of its pronounced adverse effects is testicular injury, which may proceed to end with infertility. Thiamine pyrophosphate is the active form of thiamine which has an important role in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. It acts as a co-factor and energy source for many cellular enzymes, also it utilizes by pentose-phosphate shut that elevates NADPH and improves antioxidants level. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thiamine pyrophosphate on sperm parameters and gonadotropic hormones (luteal and follicle-stimulating hormone) of male rats exposed to a single dose of cisplatin.

Twenty-eight albino male rats were randomly grouped into four groups. Control group: received normal saline, Cisplatin group: received normal saline and cisplatin, TPP50 group: received thiamine pyrophosphate (50mg/kg) with cisplatin, and TPP100 group: as third group (TPP50) but thiamine pyrophosphate dose was 100 mg/kg. Semen samples used to measure the sperms viability and morphology, while serum samples were gathered to measure the levels of gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH).

This study revealed that rat’s testicular function was notably deteriorated by cisplatin administration, represented by a reduction in sperm parameters (viability and normal morphology), and serum gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH). In this work, thiamine pyrophosphate was act as a protective agent that ameliorates rat’s testicular damage induced by cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner. The suggested mechanism may attribute to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic action
Occurrence of HSV with other microorganisms in female genital infection
Authors: Layla Al-Omar S. , Elham Al-Kaissi N. , Shatha Abdulla F.
Published: April 2022

Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Ulcerations of primary genital herpes may be susceptible to secondary infection with bacteria, fungus or even viruses.This study was directed to investigate the incidence of HSV and other pathogens in female patients presented with vaginal discharge and/or genital discomfort. Special attention was directed toward the possible occurrence of HSV with other pathogens in the same individual.Two vaginal swabs were collected from 80 female patients, and from 20 healthy women which were represented as age match control group. One swab was tested with commercial enhanced enzyme immunoassay for the direct detection of HSV 1 & 2 antigen. The other swab was used for formal bacteriological and mycological culture, and for microscopy.HSV antigen was detected from the genital area in 21 of 80 patients (26.25%), and in 4 of 20 control group (20%). The diagnosis of candida spp. Trichomonus vaginalis , and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was established in 15%, 8.75%, and 2.5% of the patients respectively. Other microorganisms were also diagnosed in some patients.Of the 21 patients proved to be infected with HSV, combined coexistence with other pathogens was proved to be in 11 patients (52.4%), with a highest percentage (28.6%) was found with candida spp.Followed by combined HSV with different species of bacteria (14.3%), also this coexistence was found in 9.5% (2), and 4.8% (1) of patients infected with T.vaginalis and N.gonorrhoeae respectively.One HSV infected patient (4.8%) was found to be infected with both T.vaginalis and Staph. aureus. While this concomitance infection was found in only one (25%) of the 4 normal females proved to be infected with T. vaginalis beside HSV.

From the results of this study we can conclude that herpes genitalis is a common genital tract infection among Iraqi females. Furthermore, genital herpes often occur in association with one or more other pathogens.
Effect of giardia on some biochemical variables in human blood serum
Authors: Abdul-Hussien Al-jebory K.
Published: April 2022

The alteration in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphotase (ALP) and total protein during giardiasis were studied.This study has been performed on 53 patients with giardiasis; the control consists of 22 children without giardiasis. The results of each group of patients were compared with the same age of the control, the results indicated that the level of serum GOT, GPT and ALP was significantly higher than that of control for each age , while the level of protein was significantly lower than that for control for each age group.The results indicate that the giardiasis affected the function of liver and the intestine, which lead to some biochemical changes in serum.
Factors affecting the diffusion of meloxicam from different bases
Authors: Alaa Abdul-Rassol A. , Nidhal Mariee K. , Masar Mehsin B.
Published: April 2022

The value of meloxicam as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is well established. This study was carried out to formulate a stable and effective meloxicam topical preparation. The in vitro release of meloxicam from different semisolid bases, which are: o/w, w/o emulsions, sodium carboxy methylcellulose gel and carbomer gel base was established. The study also involved the diffusion of meloxicam through excised mouse skin with different concentrations using carbomer gel in addition to the effect of different enhancing agents such as PG (Propylene Glycol), methyl salicylate, urea, oleic acid, DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide), xanthan gum and PEG1000 (Poly Ethylene Glycol) and the last one gave the highest diffusion. The results showed that the selected formula of meloxicam was not irritant and this result was supported by histological examination. In addition, the results showed that the use of disodium EDTA (stabilizer) gave more stable formula where the expiration date was 2 years compared to 0.8 year when using both dl- α tocopherol and blank formula. The results showed that the temperature and the storage period led to decrease both the diffusion rate and viscosity of meloxicam 1% gel but with little change in pH. On the other hand preliminary clinical study was carried out for 26 patients and the results indicated that 84.6% of patients got positive responses.
The Immunoenhancing properties of living Rhizobium meliloti in experimental animals
Authors: Ikbal Al-Joofy K.
Published: April 2022

This study was designed to shed some light on the influence of living Rhizobium meliloti (non pathogenic bacteria) on the immune system of mature mice.Thirty male mice, 6-8 weeks old, 19-22gm weight divided into two groups, test group (n.=20), orally administrated with 100μl (4x106 CFU/ml normal saline) for 12successive days, at the same time and rout control group (n.=10) received 100 μl of sterile normal saline.Tests for immunomodulation effects of this bacteria were applied after immunization of both groups with 0.2ml, (10% sheep red blood cells) interaperitonialy on day 4 and 8 of scheduale. Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity, E-rosette forming test, serum antibody level, phagocytosis index and nitro blue tetrazolium reduction were assessed on day 11 and 12 of program, mean while effect of the bacteria on the body weight of each group were studied.Interestingly, this non-pathogenic living bacteria showed immunopotentiating activities in experimental animals reflected by these in vivo & in vitro assays.
Cellular Ultra Structural Damage by Heavy Metal Cadmium Toxicity
Authors: Sheriff Hussain A.
Published: April 2022

The toxic effect of heavy metal ( Cadmium ) was investigated using a species of freshwater aquatic insect - nymph of Ephemeroptera , Cloeon dipterum ( L.) . This heavy metal was found to have a significant effect on the fine structure of the gills in proportion to the concentration of Cadmium used ( 0.1 ppm, 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm ) . The results were supported by ultra structural observation on different types of the gills cell organelles ( gill lamella , nucleus , mitochondria , endoplasmic reticulum and other parts of the cell ) .Transmission electron microscopy has revealed the disruption and the damage for the normal cellular organization of the nymph gill cells when the animal exposures for 36 hours in the pollutant media . Most of the freshwater pollution – scientists thought that this kind of aquatic insects can used as biological monitors of heavy metal pollution . The aim of the present study is to investigate the poisoning effects of this heavy metal on the mortality caused by ultra structural damage which is standing behind the death of the animal and human been .
Synthesis and study of the mixed ligand (phenylalanine and anthranilic acid) with some transition Ions .
Authors: HASSAN OBED SHATHA MUHAMMED
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the synthesis and study of some new mixed-ligand complexes containing anthranilic acid and amino acid phenylalanine (phe) with some metals .The resulting products were found to be solid crystalline complexes which have been characterized by using (FT-IR,UV-Vis) spectra , melting point, elemental analysis (C.H.N) , molar conductivity .The proposed structure of the complexes using program , chem office 3D(2000) .The general formula have been given for the prepared complexes :[M(A-H)(phe-H)] M(II): Hg(II) , Mn(II) ,Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Cd(II) .A = Anthranilic acid = C7H7NO2Phe = phenylalanine = C9H11NO2
Comparative Study of the Effects of Enzyme Inhibitors and Inducers on Serum and Tissue Availability of Thiamine After Single Oral Dose of the Pro-drug Benfotiamine in Rats.
Authors: Alabbassi Mustafa Ghazi , Zalzala Munaf Hashim , Hassain Saad Abdulrahman
Published: April 2022

Thiamine is known to have an important role in the protection of different types of cells and tissues against the damage produced by many drugs and toxins. The most important problem limiting the clinical applications of this approach is the poor absorption and bioavailability of thiamine from the sites of administration, a problem which can be solved by the use of the lipid soluble pro-drug for thiamine, benfotiamine. Accordingly, this project was designed to evaluate the serum and tissues availability of thiamine in rats after the administration of single oral dose of benfotiamine compared with that producedby the same oral dose of thiamine, in addition to study the effects of enzyme inducers and inhibitors in this respect utilizing HPLC technique. According to the results obtained in this study one can conclude that thiamine availability after administration of benfotiamine was more in serum, liver, kidney while in the brain more time may be required to reach maximum level.
Protection of Chicken against Bacterial Infection by Immunization with Bacterial Subcellular Fractions
Authors: AL.Bayatti Khalid K. , Mahmood Samia K. , Abdul-Abbas Ali A.
Published: April 2022

The current studies were undertaken to assess the ability of various subcellular fraction of E.coli to induce protection against challenge with E.coli in chicken.Immunization with as little as 12.5 μg of cytoplasmic membrane conferred 65% protection. In addition cell wall and somatic antigen conferred 55% and 25%protection respectively. These results indicate the usefulness of cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall in the induction of active immunity against pathogenic E.coli in chicken.
Congenital Esophageal Atresia with Tracheo – Esophageal Fistula
Authors: Muhieldeen Samir A.
Published: April 2022

The records of patients with congenital esophageal atresia with tracheo– esophageal fistula at al kadhymia teaching hospital between 2004–2007 werereviewed and studied.This comprised 25 patients (10) were male and (15) were female (M/F= 2/3).According to waterston classification, the commonest type was type (A) 18 cases.The basic principles in the assessment and the way of management which are adopted in our department are outlined; all were subjected to correction andprimary anastomosis with hospital mortality rate of 16%. This study is conducted in an effort to analyze the factors responsible for this high mortality rate and to discuss problems pertaining to management.
Skin Susceptibilty to Antibiotic Contact Allergy or Irriatation?
Authors: Ali Al-Hadithi Amal Hamadah
Published: April 2022

The clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity in 20 patients, working in an antibiotic industry in contact with antibiotic powder were studied immunologically.

Statistica analysis of the data by using Chi-square shows highly signifcant increase in the level of (IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE) Antibodies than the normal ranges(table1, figures 1, 2 and 3).

It was concluding that increased reactivity to an antibiotic powder most likely reflects an allergic response rather than, increased genuine skin susceptibility.
A brief study about the preservation of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices in vitro for a long periods.
Authors: Al-Azzauy Ahmed A. M.
Published: April 2022

Simple attempt were applied to keep the protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus removed from human hydatid cysts alive with full activity in vitro using different culture media [RPMI-1640, Physiological Ringer’s solution(RS), Physiological normal saline solution(NS)], the best temperature for cultivation in this media were also investigated between three degrees (4, 25, 37)°C .The best medium for cultivation with a high activity was (NS) solution where the protoscolices continue for (75) days in (25)°C. Whereas the best temperature for cultivation was variable according to the cultivation medium.
Surgical Audit
Authors: Muhieldeen Samir A.
Published: April 2022

Surgical audit represent a retrospective studies, with three types of audit. Audit of structure, process, and outcome. Stages of audit:1-Primary data collection.2-Verification of primary data, through confidential peer review.3-Submission of data analysis.Surgical audit need meetings to get successful audit.
Synthesis and biological activity study of some novel Tri-Schiff’s basses derived from 6-aminopenicillanic acid and Tri-amide containing three 1,3,4-thiadiazole units.
Authors: Ali Hameed Radwan M.
Published: April 2022

Reaction of meistylene with bromine under UV-light afforded α,α,α',α',α",α"-hexabromo mesitylene [2]. The reaction of compound [2] with morpholine and hydrochloric acid afforded 1,3,5-triformyl benzene [3]. Condensation of compound [3] with three equivalents of 6-aminopenicillanic acid afforded 1,3,5 tri[penicillanic acid]-6-N-trimesilydene [4].The reaction of thiosemicarbazide and 4-n-alkoxy benzoic acid [6]n in POCl3 afforded the corresponding 2-amino-5-(4-n-alkoxyphenyl)-1,3,4- thiadiazole [7]n. condensation of 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid [5] with three equivalents of appropriate amino-thiadiazole [7]n afforded the corresponding Tri-amide compounds [8]n. The characterization of the synthesized compounds was elucidated by their melting points and different spectroscopic methods (UV, FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results are in agreement with the suggested structures.The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity. The results obtained indicated that some of these compounds are more active thanwith others, Table (7).
The effect of radiation on The Antibacterial Activity of Allicen
Authors: Al-Bayatti Khalid K.
Published: April 2022

It is known that garlic cloves had antibacterial action on a wide range of microorganisms both g (+) and g (-) bacteria. The antibacterial activity of garlicis mainly attributed to allicin, the active principle of this vegetable.The antibacterial activity of allicin is inhibited by different chemical and physical agents.No studies were available to elustrate the effect of ionizing radiation on the activity of this compound. Allicin was water extracted according to ALDelamy,and different concentrations of this extract were irradiated with different doses of gamma-radiation from γ-cell 20. The results obtained indicated that doses of radiation up of 3 megarad did not affect the antibacterial activity of allicin, whereas higher doses, 5 megarad and up, will inhibit the activity completely.We conclude from these results that higher doses of radiation should not be used for preservation of garlic cloves because of its inhibitory effect on the active principle of garlic, allicin.
Anatomical Study of The Cerebellum in Diurnal Raptor Species (Buzzard)
Authors: Abdullah Shermean
Published: April 2022

Morphological and histological aspects on the cerebellum of (Buzzard) was Studied to describe the size, design and structural variation that related to birds behavior and function. The results of morphological aspects revealed that the expanded tuber cerebellum was protruded forward to cover the diencephalons and backward to cover the medulla oblongata. The vermis was involved three strongly folded lobes. Ten long and expanded primary folia were found in longitudinal sagittal sections, the folia (IV, V, VI, VII) were expanded and subfoliated. Histological aspects of this organ were studied with the help of rotary microtome and slides stained with heamatoxylin and Eosin (H & E) and periodic acid schift reagent (PAS) methods. The results of microscopic examination indicated that there are three distinct layers in the cortex (gray matter). 1- Thick outer punctuate molecular layer. 2- Single middle large shaped Purkinje cell layer. 3- Thick inner granular layer. The white matter which formed the medulla has a tree like appearance of deep nuclei groups embedded within the white matter in the center of the cerebellum.
The Study of Antibacterial Activity of Juglans Regia and Thymus Vulgaris Seeds
Authors: Aziz Fitua M.
Published: April 2022

It has been well known since ancient times that medicinal plant have antimicrobial activity because of the presence of substances, therefore they become important sources of drugs production. Thymus vulgaris and Juglans regia have active compounds make them have antibacterial properties.Antibacterial effects of different concentrations ranging from (3.1- 50mg/ml) of hexane and methanol extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Juglans regia seeds was determined by using agar well diffusion method on clinical strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus, pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus sp.Methanol extract of Juglans regia seed was the most active followed by methanol extract of Thymus vulgsris seeds. The activity of Juglans regia extractdetermined by measuring inhibition zone as following:Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus pyogenes showed inhibition zone at concentration of 3.1-50 mg/ml. Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed inhibition zone of 12.5-50 mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed sensitivity at concentrations of 25-50mg/ml. There was no inhibition zone for Escherichia coli, Salmonella.typhi and Enterococcus sp.Methanol extract of Thymus vulgaris showed activity at concentrations of 6.25-50mg/ml for Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis.Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus. aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes showed sensitivity at concentration of 12.5–50 mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive at concentration of 50- 25mg/ml. There was no inhibition zone for Salmonella.typhi and Enterococcus sp. Hexane extracts of both plant seeds were less active then methanol extract against tested bacteria.These results support the notion that plant extracts may have a role as pharmaceutical and preservatives.
Long Term Stability Study of Miconazole Muco–Adhesive Tablets
Authors: Abed Hayder H. , Alsaree Omar J. , Sajet Hayat G.
Published: April 2022

Stability is the ability of a drug substance or drug product to remain within established specifications to maintain its identity, strength, quality, and purity throughout the retest or expiration dating periods. Physical, chemical data are generated as a function of time and storage conditions. The purpose of thisstudy is design to evaluate of the stability life of Miconazole muco-adhesive tablets in experiential formula.

Tablets used in the Stability study were prepared in three different batches with same preparing percentages. Long-term testing was cover a 180 daysduration for three different batches at the time of study. Prepared tablets were storied under conditions of high relative humidity and temperatures that applies particularly to solid stability tests. The prepared samples were analyzed according USP 27 methods of analysis. Assays were performed by HPLC whilethe dissolution was performed by UV analysis.The assays, dissolutions and disintegration values predicated stable formula under long term stability study conditions. These results had shown non significant changes (p>0.05) for assay and disintegration over 3 years. This formula provided successful distribution of Miconazole in mucoadhesivetablet for mass production. This formula could be achieved for oral disease with high efficiency
Antimicrobial activity of Origanum magorana against bacteria isolated from the patient with pneumonia
Authors: Jasim Thamer Mutlag , Abdullah Baydaa Hameed , Al Mugdadi Suhad Faisel , Camel Mayssam
Published: April 2022

A total of 150 sputum sample from the patient attendants to medical city and Ibn Al-Balady hospital during the period from February 2009 to May 2009 with signs and symptoms of pneumonia only 57 sputum samples 53. 5 gave bacterial growth positive, the result indicated the most frequent microorganismswere 18 isolate (22.5%) Klebsiella pneumonia, 16 isolate (20%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5 isolate (6.25%) Candida albicans, 5 isolate (6.25%) Acinetobacter spp, 5 isolate (6.25%) Eschereshia coli, 4 isolate (5%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 3 isolates (3.75%) proteus spp, 1 isolate (1.25%) Enterobacter, (1.25%) Citrobacter Acinetobacter spp. 5 (6.25%), 3 isolate (3.75%) Streptococcus Pneumonia, Enterobacter 1 (1.25%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis 4 isolates (5%). Aqueous of cold extract were investigated for their antibacterial activities against bacteria not effect. Hot water extract can inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Oil extract of Origanum magorana effect on E.coli and Staphylococcus aurous.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Among Normal Individuals in Tripoli/Libya
Authors: Sheriff Hussain A.
Published: April 2022

A prospective study was done to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection among normal individuals of different social and cultural categories in capital of Libya (Tripoli) which is the most crowded city in Libya.In all individuals (2492) blood samples were examined. It has been found that prevalence of hepatitis B was (2.28%) and hepatitis C was (0.04%).HBV prevalence increases with age. In elderly populations (50-80 years) the prevalence of HBV was (3.07%) compared to (2.19%) in young individuals (15-22 years). Males also were slightly more prone to HBV (2.27%) than females (1.89%) according to our results.
Relationship between Some Trace Elements, Lipid profile and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Rashid Nada Faisal , Abed Baydaa Ahmed , Abas Thaer Arhayl
Published: April 2022

There are many questions still remain concerning the relationship between the trace elements and thyroid hormones. Therefore, this study was undertakento evaluate the concentration levels of some trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, magnesium), and to reach the possible correlation between these trace elements and thyroid hormones in hypothyroidism.The study was included 50 patients with hypothyroidism and 28 healthy volunteers' serves as control group matched with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). All participant had not taken vitamin or mineral supplements for at least 2 weeks before sampling, blood sampling were drawn to determine the serumtrace elements levels (Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, and Mg), thyroid hormone (T3, T4, and TSH), and lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL, HDL, and VLDL). The results indicate that the hypothyroidism patients have significant increase in TSH levels (P< 0.01), and significant decrease in T3, T3/T4 levels (P<0.001), although, there were decrease in serum trace elements (Se, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Mg) in hypothyroidism patients compared with controls group, (P< 0.001 for all serum Se, Zn, Cu, Mn, and P< 0.01 for Mg). The results indicate that there was no significant correlation between serum Cu, Mn, Mg and T3, T4, and TSH level; but, there was a significant positive correlation between Se-T3 (r=0.286, P<0.04), and Zn-T3 (r=0.3, P<0.01), also there was only a significant negative correlation between serum Se-TSH levels (r=-0.315, P< 0.02) in hypothyroidism patients. There is significant increase in the mean serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients compared with normal controls (P 0.01, P<0.001, <0.05) respectively. Also, there is significant decrease in the mean serum concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the patients with hypothyroidism than control, and our results showed that there is positive correlation between TSH levels and lipid (cholesterol, triglyceride, and very low density lipoproteins), although, there is negative correlation between Mg concentration and lipid (TC, TG, LDL) levels. We conclude that the trace elements Se, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Mg have altered in hypothyroidism patients; there are correlations between some trace elements (Se, and Zn) and thyroid hormones, but there are no obvious correlations between the other trace elements (Cu, Mn, and Mg) status and thyroid hormones. That is means there is an interactions between some trace elements and thyroid hormones levels.
Comparative study for the dissolution of Isosorbide dinitrate tablets in commercial products
Authors: Hasson Kahtan J.
Published: April 2022

Isosorbide dinitrate is prepared as a solid dosage forms, and found in the market as a sublingual tablet or conventional tablet of 10mg for oral administration which is subjected to the dissolution study.In this present work, different commercial products of Isosorbide dinitrate tablets were subjected to dissolution test according to USP method which includes an HPLC determination. The dissolution profiles of three commercial products of isosorbide dintrate tablets and preformulated product were evaluated by comparing with that of reference standard (European product. Actavis Co.) .Due to low bioequivalenceis of all the commercial products relative to the reference standard, attempts were made to improve the formula of the experimental batch of isosorbide dinitrate tablet by enhancing the dissolution rate and increase the stability of the active substances via the Using of a direct compression method in manufacturing of isosorbide dinitrate tablet which on testing showed a high dissolution rate with optimal physical properties of tables.
The hepatoprotective activity of Fenugreek seeds' extract against carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in rats
Authors: A.M. Said , D. Al-Khashali , E. Al-Khateeb , N Al-Wakeel
Published: April 2022

The liver subjected to a number of disorders caused by chemicals namely as hepatotoxicity. carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) the most wildly used in inductionof liver injury as a hepatotoxic model for scientific researches. The role of plants in treatment and prevention of chemical-induced liver damage, was extensively studied. Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous solution of the ethanolic extract of Fenugreek seeds (FGS) against CCl4 induced liver damage in rats. From analysis of results, the extract of FGS showed highly hepatoprotective effect against CCl4 induced-necrosis with less effect against fatty changes, this could be due to the antioxidant action of the active constituents in the extract that counteract and scavenge the intermediates free radicals of CCl4 that generating during lipid peroxidation, which is the main cause of necrotic damage, while limitations of these constituents to inhibit the intermediates involved during fatty changes which is unrelated to the oxidative stress. These results make the FGS as a goodcandidate to be used against drug induced hepatotoxicity.
Using the Lactobacillus gasseri filtrate to protect the mice from the pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas spp.
Authors: Al Marjani Mohammed F. , Salman Jehan A. S. , Kadhim Afraa A. , M. A. Fahad , Muaala Mohammed J.
Published: April 2022

The protective effect of the Probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus gasseri) against the pathogenic Bacteria (Aeromonas spp) was studied in vivo and in vitro, the inhibitory effect of the Probiotic bacteria filtrate was tested with the Well diffusion method, the filtrate showed a clear inhibiting efficiency toward the pathogenic bacteria and the diameter of the inhibition zone was 16 mm. A group of mice were injected intraperitoneally with (0.25 ml) of the filtrate for10 days, then they were injected with (0.2 ml) of the Aeromonas spp bacteria living cells ( cell\ml) intraperitoneally, while the control group wereinjected with 0.25 ml of PBS.The mice were killed after 12 hours of injection with the pathogenic bacteria, they were injected with (5ml) of PBS intraperitoneally, the contents of the periton, Liver and the Spleen were taken after killing the mice, then a dilutions of the Periton contents were made and 0.1 ml was streaking on the media to calculate the number of the growing bacterial colonies, then a part of the Spleen was homogenized and streaking on the media, then the growing colonies were calculated and compared with the control mice, also the macrophage in the contents of the periton were counted, and a samples of the organs were taken directly after the killing and were putted in the formalin solution (10%) for study the histopathological changes.The results shows that the mice who were injected with the probiotic bacteria wasn't effected when they were exposed to the pathogenic bacteria unlike the group that were only exposed to the pathogenic bacteria without being injected with the probiotoic bacteria, and that shows the protective effect of the (Lactobacillus gasseri) against the pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas spp), and the pathogenic changes shows an inflammatory response and that the tissues were appeared in their natural form.
Effeciency of the Designe of waste water treatment unit of Babil Batteries factory in Baghdad (state Battery manufacturing company)
Authors: AL-Hashimi Kawakib Jaber , Thamer Aid Khalaf
Published: April 2022

Industrial waste water is discharged from various processes in factories using water. Further, the contaminants and Pollutants separated from the water,must be treated and disposed of so that they cannot cause environmental pollution of other obstructions.The flow diagram of waste water treatment of babil Battries factory is shown. This was the most suitable treatment methods involving equipments and chemicals. Physical and chemical. Treatment (included PH adjustment) were the methods used, to remove the Pollutants present in the waste water of Bettriesfactory in Baghdad Determination of chemical properties of final disposal water has been done, estimation tests show good results for many years.