bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lanthanide‐Coordinated Black Phosphorus
Authors: Wu Lie , Wang Jiahong , Lu Jiang , Liu Danni , Yang Na , Huang Hao , Chu Paul K. , Yu Xue‐Feng
Published: June 2018

Black phosphorus (BP) possesses unique physical properties and, owing to its intrinsic instability, the proper surface and chemical coordination is the key point in many applications. Herein, a facile and efficient surface lanthanide‐coordination strategy based on lanthanide (Ln) sulfonate complexes is designed to passivate and functionalize different BP‐based nanostructures including quantum dots, nanosheets, and microflakes. By means of Ln–P coordination, the lone‐pair electrons of phosphorus are occupied, thus preventing oxidation of BP, and the LnL3@BP exhibits excellent stability in both air and water. Furthermore, accompanied by the original photothermal performance of BP nanostructures, the Gd‐coordinated BP has high R1relativities in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and other Ln (Tb, Eu, and Nd) coordinated BP structures exhibit fluorescence spanning the visible to near‐infrared regions. Not only is LnL3surface passivation an efficient method to enhance the stability of BP, but also the MR or fluorescence derived from lanthanide ions extends the application of BP to optoelectronics and biomedical engineering.
Synthesis of 3,4‐Fused Tricyclic Indoles Using 3‐Alkylidene Indolines as Versatile Precursors
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro
Published: June 2018

In this personal account, our recent studies of novel synthetic methods of 3,4‐fused tricyclic indole derivatives using 3‐alkylidene indoline derivatives as versatile precursors are discussed. Two types of cascade reactions producing 3,4‐fused tricyclic 3‐alkylidene indolines were developed based on a palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular Heck insertion to an allene‐allylic amination cascade and a platinum‐catalyzed intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts type C−H coupling‐allylic amination cascade. Furthermore, three types of 3,4‐fused tricyclic indoles were accessible from a single 3‐alkylidene indoline precursor via acid‐promoted olefin isomerization or oxidative treatments. The application of the developed methods to the synthesis of natural products bearing a 3,4‐fused tricyclic indole skeleton, (−)‐aurantioclavine, fargesine, and synthetic studies of dragmacidin E are also highlighted.
Probabilistic power flow analysis based on arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion for networks with uncertain renewable sources
Authors: Laowanitwattana Jirasak , Uatrongjit Sermsak
Published: June 2018

Probabilistic power flow (PPF) analysis was applied to investigate the effects of uncertain renewable energy sources, that is, solar and wind power plants, on power system operations. The PPF analysis based on the general polynomial chaos (gPC) expansion technique requires that the probability density function (PDF) of each random parameter is known in order to select the appropriate basis polynomial set. Since information on the parameter's distribution may not be available, this paper presents an application of the arbitrary polynomial chaos (aPC) expansion technique to the PPF problem. In aPC, the basis polynomial sets can be constructed from the measured data of the uncertain parameters: the exact distribution is not necessary. To reduce the computation work for finding the aPC coefficients, the collocation technique is applied; a method for improving the computation burden has also been suggested. The proposed technique was implemented in MATLAB environment and tested with the modified IEEE 57‐bus system. Numerical experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve good accuracy and uses less computation time compared with conventional PC‐based methods. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
BCI‐based control of electric wheelchair using fractal characteristics of EEG
Authors: Kobayashi Nobuaki , Nakagawa Masahiro
Published: June 2018

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have been attracting attention as interfaces that connect a brain to an external device. The implementation of a BCI requires establishing a technique that accurately recognizes the brain state, and a host of challenges remains for the implementation. This paper uses the emotion fractal analysis method (EFAM), which quantifies emotions based on data obtained from an electroencephalogram (EEG), to propose a BCI system that accurately discriminates and recognizes emotions such as delight, anger, sorrow, and pleasure, and uses that information to manipulate an electric wheelchair. The EFAM's emotion recognition rates for the four emotions, namely delight, anger, sorrow, and pleasure, were 81.11, 79.25, 73.16, and 85.42%, respectively, and its emotion isolation rates were 97.88, 98.08, 98.07, and 97.86%, respectively. Based on emotion data obtained in real time by the EFAM, we developed a novel BCI circuit that manipulates an electric wheelchair. Using this BCI circuit allows us to adjust the speed of an electric wheelchair in proportion to the intensity of the emotion. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Losses and thermal calculation scheme of IGBT and FWD and its application in PWM inverters for electric engineering maintenance rolling stock
Authors: Chen Xi , Huang Shenghua , Li Bingzhang , Xiang Yangxiao
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a simple and practical design method of electric engineering maintenance rolling stock (EEMRS) is briefly presented, which is composed of six power units. It is important to improve the energy conservation and efficiency of power converters and reduce the size of the heat dissipation system for EEMRS. Therefore, loss analysis of power semiconductors is very necessary. A new modulating function is proposed on the basis of vector modulation, and the instantaneous power losses and the average conduction power losses in insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and free‐wheeling diode (FWD) are deduced from the modulating function. Additionally, considering that the junction temperature oscillates with the output frequency, a simple calculation method of the junction temperature ripple is presented, which is helpful in examining the junction temperature limited to the maximum value. Based on the analysis, a heat dissipation system for the direct/alternating current (DC/AC) inverter using forced‐air cooling is designed, and the calculation results and the experimental results are given, which verify the feasibility of the proposed method. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Low‐rate nonintrusive load disaggregation for resident load based on graph signal processing
Authors: Qi Bing , Liu Liya , Wu Xin
Published: June 2018

A graph signal processing (GSP)‐based nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) algorithm is proposed in this letter to disaggregate the low‐rate power data collected from electricity smart meters. We define load disaggregation as a minimization problem using the total graph variation based on the graph shift matrix as a new regularization term. First we minimize the regularization term to find the smoothest graph signal. Then, based on the smoothest signal, we use the simulated annealing algorithm to minimize the objective function and constraint iteratively. Simulation results using the REDD dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its superior performance compared with some state‐of‐the‐art low‐rate NILM algorithms. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Silicon Containing Nine Atom Clusters from Liquid Ammonia Solution: Crystal Structures of the First Protonated Clusters [HSi9]3– and [H2{Si/Ge}9]2–
Authors: Henneberger Thomas , Klein Wilhelm , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: June 2018

Experiments in liquid ammonia, originally aiming at reactions between Si containing Zintl clusters and transition metal complexes, lead to crystallization of several solvates of nine‐atomic cluster compounds. Starting with the solid Zintl compounds K12Si17, K6Rb6Si17, Rb12Si17, or K12Si8Ge9, the following compounds were crystallized: K4Si9·9 NH3 (1), K4[Si5.6Ge3.4]·9NH3 (2), K0.8Rb3.2Si9·5NH3 (3), K5Si9(OH)·8NH3 (4), K6.5Si9[H0.5N3(Si(NH2)2)3]·4.5NH3 (5), and (Rb[2.2.2]crypt)3Si9·NH3 (6). Most intriguingly, the structural characterization of [K(18‐crown‐6)]3[HSi9]·2NH3·2thf (7) and [K(18‐crown‐6)]2[H2Si4.9Ge4.1]·py (8), succeeded after dilution with tetrahydrofurane and exchange of NH3 by pyridine respectively. The different crystallization products cover bare [E9]4–, purely from Si as well as from mixed Si9–xGex composition, and partially oxidized [Si9]3– clusters, whereas compounds 7 and 8 contain the first protonated nine‐atomic Si clusters, [HSi9]3– and [H2Si4.9Ge4.1]2–. The hydrogen atoms of the protonated clusters in 7 and 8 could be located from difference Fourier maps. Besides an unharmed [Si9]4– cluster compound 5 consists of a cyclotrisilazane ring which arises from an ammonolysis reaction of one of the Si components in the solution.
F-theory on quotient threefolds with (2,0) discrete superconformal matter
Authors: Anderson Lara B. , Grassi Antonella , Gray James , Oehlmann Paul-Konstantin
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We explore 6-dimensional compactifications of F-theory exhibiting (2, 0) superconformal theories coupled to gravity that include discretely charged superconformal matter. Beginning with F-theory geometries with Abelian gauge fields and superconformal sectors, we provide examples of Higgsing transitions which break the U(1) gauge symmetry to a discrete remnant in which the matter fields are also non-trivially coupled to a (2, 0) SCFT. In the compactification background this corresponds to a geometric transition linking two fibered Calabi-Yau geometries defined over a singular base complex surface. An elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefold with non-zero Mordell-Weil rank can be connected to asmoothnon-simply connected genus one fibered geometry constructed as a Calabi-Yau quotient. These hyperconifold transitions exhibit multiple fibers in co-dimension 2 over the base.
Airy function and 4d quantum gravity
Authors: Caputa Paweł , Hirano Shinji
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We study four-dimensional quantum gravity with negative cosmological constant in the minisuperspace approximation and compute the partition function for the S
3 boundary geometry. In this approximation scheme the path integrals become dominated by a class of asymptotically AdS “microstate geometries.” Despite the fact that the theory is pure Einstein gravity without supersymmetry, the result precisely reproduces, up to higher curvature corrections, the Airy function in the S
3 partition function of the maximally supersymmetric Chern-Simons-matter (CSM) theory which sums up all perturbative 1/N corrections. We also show that this can be interpreted as a concrete realization of the idea that the CFT partition function is a solution to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation as advocate in the holographic renormalization group. Furthermore, the agreement persists upon the inclusion of a string probe and it reproduces the Airy function in the vev of half-BPS Wilso loops in the CSM theory. These results may suggest that the supergravity path integrals localize to the minisuperspace in certain cases and the use of the minisuperspace approximation in AdS/CFT may be a viable approach to study 1/N corrections to large N CFTs.
Entanglement entropy of topological orders with boundaries
Authors: Chen Chaoyi , Hung Ling-Yan , Li Yingcheng , Wan Yidun
Published: June 2018

Abstract

In this paper we explore how non trivial boundary conditions could influence the entanglement entropy in a topological order in 2+1 dimensions. Specifically we consider the special class of topological orders describable by the quantum double. We will find very interesting dependence of the entanglement entropy on the boundary conditions particularly when the system is non-Abelian. Along the way, we demonstrate a streamlined procedure to compute the entanglement entropy, which is particularly efficient when dealing with systems with boundaries. We also show how this method efficiently reproduces all the known results in the presence of anyonic excitations.
Reparametrization invariance and partial re-summations of the heavy quark expansion
Authors: Mannel Thomas , Vos K. Keri
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We extend existing work on reparametrization invariance (RPI) of the heavy-quark expansion (HQE). RPI implies relations between different orders of the HQE. We discuss the total rates of inclusive processes and obtain results which have a manifest RPI and can be expressed through matrix elements of operators and states defined in full QCD. This approach leads to a partial re-summation of higher-order terms in the heavy-quark expansion. It has the advantage that for reparametrization-invariant observables it shows that the number of independent non-perturbative parameters can be reduced.
The Relationship Between the Supervisory Working Alliance and Student Self‐Efficacy in Genetic Counseling Training
Authors: Caldwell Sarah , Wusik Katie , He Hua , Yager Geoffrey , Atzinger Carrie
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine if a genetic counseling student's perception of the supervisory working alliance (SWA) is related to their self‐efficacy on select clinical practice‐based competencies (PBCs), evaluating the second tenet of the Reciprocal Engagement Model of Supervision (REM‐S) from a student perspective. Second year genetic counseling students (N = 168) completed a survey containing demographic and clinical rotation experience questions, the Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory‐Trainee Form (SWAI‐T), and the Genetic Counseling Self‐Efficacy Scale (GCSES). Overall, the SWAI‐T was significantly associated with all factors of the GCSES. Additionally, the relationship between the SWAI‐T and self‐efficacy was specific to those who had only one supervisor, thus highlighting the SWA may be most important under these circumstances. This serves as an important step in being able to guide supervisors toward effective methods in supervision, which may include encouraging supervisors to build a strong relationship with their supervisee in order to help strengthen the student's confidence in their clinical skills.
Disagreement, Certainties, Relativism
Authors: Kusch Martin
Published: June 2018

This paper seeks to widen the dialogue between the “epistemology of peer disagreement” and the epistemology informed by Wittgenstein’s last notebooks, later edited as On Certainty. The paper defends the following theses: (i) not all certainties are groundless; many of them are beliefs; and they do not have a common essence. (ii) An epistemic peer need not share all of my certainties. (iii) Which response (steadfast, conciliationist etc.) to a disagreement over a certainty is called for, depends on the type of certainty in question. Sometimes a form of relativism is the right response. (iv) Reasonable, mutually recognized peer disagreement over a certainty is possible.—The paper thus addresses both interpretative and systematic issues. It uses Wittgenstein as a resource for thinking about peer disagreement over certainties.
Correction to: Changes in the Participants in a Community-Based Positive Youth Development Program in Hong Kong: Objective Outcome Evaluation Using a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Authors: Ma Cecilia M. S. , Shek Daniel T. L. , Chen Jenna M. T.
Published: June 2018

The article Changes in the Participants in a Community-Based Positive Youth Development Program in Hong Kong: Objective Outcome Evaluation Using a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design, written by Cecilia M. S. Ma, Daniel T. L. Shek and Jenna M. T. Chen, was originally published electronically.
CEO succession and the CEO’s commitment to the status quo
Authors: Behr Henning , Fehre Kerstin
Published: June 2018

Chief executive officer (CEO) commitment to the status quo (CSQ) is expected to play an important role in any firm’s strategic adaptation. CSQ is used often as an explanation for strategic change occurring after CEO succession: new CEOs are expected to reveal a lower CSQ than established CEOs. Although widely accepted in the literature, this relationship remains imputed but unobserved. We address this research gap and analyze whether new CEOs reveal lower CSQ than established CEOs. By analyzing the letters to the shareholders of German HDAX firms, we find empirical support for our hypothesis of a lower CSQ of newly appointed CEOs compared to established CEOs. However, our detailed analyses provide a differentiated picture. We find support for a lower CSQ of successors after a forced CEO turnover compared to successors after a voluntary turnover, which indicates an influence of the mandate for change on the CEO’s CSQ. However, against the widespread assumption, we do not find support for a lower CSQ of outside successors compared to inside successors, which calls for deeper analyses of the insiderness of new CEOs. Further, our supplementary analyses propose a revised tenure effect: the widely assumed relationship of an increase in CSQ when CEO tenure increases might be driven mainly by the event of CEO succession and may not universally and continuously increase over time, pointing to a “window of opportunity” to initiate strategic change shortly after the succession event. By analyzing the relationship between CEO succession and CEO CSQ, our results contribute to the CSQ literature and provide fruitful impulses for the CEO succession literature.
Trialogical Subsidiarity in International and Comparative Law: Engagement with International Treaties by Sub-State Entities as Resistance or Innovation
Authors: LIXINSKI LUCAS
Published: June 2018

This article proposes a new model for the engagement of sub-state units with the international legal order. “Trialogical subsidiarity” acknowledges that some areas are best regulated locally, but it also argues that international law has an increasing say in areas traditionally reserved for local law. The implementation of an international cultural heritage treaty by constituent units (CUs) in federal states, despite objections of the federal authorities, is a case study for the possibilities and implications of the use of international law by CUs without the filtering of the central state. This use enhances the legitimacy of international law and can lead to better outcomes for local populations, moving international law closer to its promise of being a law of peoples rather than of states.
China’s South China Sea Claims as “Unprecedented”: Sceptical Remarks
Authors: LORTEAU STEVE
Published: June 2018

A solely legalistic analysis of China’s South China Sea claims has given way to speculation regarding their exact nature. Scholars and the tribunal inPhilippines v Chinahave collectively described China’s position as “ambiguous” and “vague.” For others, China’s regulatory framework sets dangerous new precedents in the areas of effective occupation, historic rights, and exclusive economic zones. This article seeks to nuance these assessments. Contextualizing China’s framework within a broader geopolitical project reveals a China exploiting historic legal precedents in a manner reminiscent of imperial America. This should cast doubt on those too quick to see China as a rule-breaking new power eager to upset international norms. Rather, China’s “Caribbean” is a microcosm for a new great power coming into its own following an existing model.
An Energy Solution to the Buckling of Rectangular Plates Under Non-Uniform In-Plane Loading
Authors: Benoy M. B.
Published: June 2018

Circumstances can arise in which a rectangular panel, forming part of a structure, is subject to non-uniform in-plane compression, and in which it is important that instability of the panel should not occur. Problems of this nature occur, for example, in the structure of modern highspeed aircraft subject to the transient thermal stresses that can arise from rapid changes of speed or altitude.
The Airworthiness of Supersonic Aircraft
Authors: Black H. C.
Published: June 2018

The safety target for the Supersonic Transport has been set by the governments sponsoring the project. This is to achieve a safety level at least as good as that of subsonic aircraft at the same time. An analysis of present accident trends is used to give more precision to this statement. If the present rate of improvement in safety continues, the accident rate in the early 1970's can be expected to be some 20% to 25% below today's figures and the target for the SST must be for an improvement of at least 30%. To achieve improvements of this order in a safety record which is already good requires considerable effort by all concerned and necessitates a more scientific approach to safety requirements, especially airworthiness requirements. Some examples of the way this is being done in the United Kingdom and f ranee are given.
Rotary Inertia and Shear in Beam Vibration Treated by the Ritz Method
Authors: Dawson B.
Published: June 2018

The natural frequencies of vibration of a cantilever beam allowing for rotary inertia and shear deformation are obtained by the approximate Ritz method.

The workability of the method is dependent upon the approximating functions chosen for the dynamic displacement curves. A series of characteristic functions representing the normal modes of vibration of cantilever beams in simple flexure is used as the approximating functions for both deflections due to flexure and shear deformation. Good agreement is shown between frequencies obtained by the Ritz method and those resulting from an analytical solution.

The effect upon the natural frequencies of allowing for rotary inertia alone is shown and it is seen to increase rapidly with mode number.
Research Relating to Long-Range Supersonic Cruising Aircraft
Authors: Loftin Laurence K.
Published: June 2018

The NASA Langley Research Center has conducted an intensive and broad research programme on supersonic cruising aircraft for some 10 to 12 years. During the course of this effort to advance the state of technology of supersonic flight, a number of interesting research or design techniques and approaches have evolved. Several of these which have application to present and future aircraft design are discussed. The use of highspeed computing equipment in the application of linear theory to the problems of optimising supersonic cruising efficiency is treated. Experimental techniques employed in the study of drag at transonic speeds in wind tunnels are described. In the area of aircraft operations, attention is directed toward unique simulation methods employed in studying the relationship between air traffic control systems and supersonic aircraft.
Hunger, Need, and the Boundaries of Lockean Property
Authors: DICK DAVID G.
Published: June 2018

Locke’s property rights are now usually understood to be both fundamental and strictly negative. Fundamental because they are thought to be basic constraints on what we may do, unconstrained by anything deeper. Negative because they are thought to only protect a property holder against the claims of others. Here, I argue that this widespread interpretation is mistaken. For Locke, property rights are constrained by the deeper ‘fundamental law of nature,’ which involves positive obligations to those in need and confines the right to excess property within circumstances where it is not needed to preserve human life.
Improvisation in general music education – a literature review
Authors: Larsson Christina , Georgii-Hemming Eva
Published: June 2018

The overall purpose of this article is to provide a convenient summary of empirical research on improvisation in general music education and thereby provide guidance to researchers and practitioners, using a systematic, narrative-review approach. By analysing 20 music education research articles, published from 2000–2015 in peer-reviewed journals, we firstly provide an overview of the key features and knowledge of existing research. Secondly we identify how improvisation has been characterized, conceptually before, thirdly, describing the implications of the literature for improvisation in practice. Our article reveals that improvisation tends to be an overlooked activity both in music education contexts and in music education research. Broadly speaking, music education research tends to characterise improvisation within two conceptual frameworks, which have different implications for implementation; ‘structured’, teacher-directed improvisation and ‘free’, child-directed improvisation. We conclude by arguing that music educational research on improvisation is an underdeveloped field and outline a number of questions to be addressed in future research.
Littlewood–Paley characterizations of fractional Sobolev spaces via averages on balls
Authors: Dai Feng , Liu Jun , Yang Dachun , Yuan Wen
Published: June 2018

By invoking some new ideas, we characterize Sobolev spaces Wα,p(ℝn) with the smoothness order α ∊ (0, 2] and p ∊ (max{1, 2n/(2α + n)},∞), via the Lusin area function and the Littlewood–Paley g*λ-function in terms of centred ball averages. We also show that the assumption p ∊ (max{1, 2n/(2α + n)},∞) is nearly sharp in the sense that these characterizations are no longer true when p ∊ (1, max{1, 2n/(2α + n)}). These characterizations provide a possible new way to introduce Sobolev spaces with smoothness order in (1, 2] on metric measure spaces.
Periodic solutions for indefinite singular perturbations of the relativistic acceleration
Authors: Bereanu Cristian , Zamora Manuel
Published: June 2018

Using the Leray–Schauder degree, we study the existence of solutions for the following periodic differential equation with relativistic acceleration and singular nonlinearity:

where μ > 1 and the weight h: [0, T] → ℝ is a continuous sign-changing function. There are no a priori estimates on the set of positive solutions (a condition used in general to apply the Leray–Schauder degree), and we prove that no solution of the equation appears on the boundary of an unbounded open set during the deformation to an autonomous problem.
Syndromic surveillance and its utilisation for mass gatherings
Authors: Berry A.C.
Published: June 2018

Tremendous advancements in syndromic surveillance strategies over the last two decades, and specifically from prior mass gatherings, have been incorporated into day-to-day healthcare analysis worldwide and have left a lasting indirect impact since their inception. Mass gatherings are a daily occurrence worldwide and provide a scenario ripe for public health aims and objectives utilising syndromic surveillance. Europe is less than a decade away from hosting a colossal worldwide gathering (2024 Summer Olympics) in likely a time when the global agreement is in flux. A call to arms is needed for additional surveillance strategies incorporating mobile application symptom checker data, telemedicine, social media and social data sensing. There remains a need for an optimal combination of real-time data sensing that captures the whole population, but to reach that goal we must incorporate new advancements into baseline epidemiologic data monitoring, otherwise we will be tracking real-time mass gathering events on top of inaccurate baseline epidemiologic data.
(De)constructing the Masculine Blueprint: The Institutional and Discursive Consequences of Male Political Dominance
Authors: Galea Natalie , Gaweda Barbara
Published: June 2018

Men are overrepresented in most legislatures of the world. However, in parliaments in which women reach a “critical mass” or even approach parity with men in terms of numbers, they still must contend with and adapt to the symbolic representation of men. Using the cases of the Australian and Polish parliaments, we point to the need to deconstruct the parliamentary standard by shifting the theoretical and empirical focus from women's disadvantage in politics to problematizing men's advantage and power (Eveline 1994, 1998; Murray 2014). Rather than placing the problem and solution with women, we address the practices that maintain men's unearned power, or privilege. Privilege is the “systematically conferred advantages” that individuals enjoy by virtue of their membership of a dominant social group (Bailey 1998, 109). Institutions in the form of taken-for-granted practices and gendered discourses embed a “masculine blueprint” in political institutions that legitimizes men's place as parliamentarians and privileges men, enhancing their power and advantage in the election process. By focusing on men's dominance, it becomes evident that sustaining gender inequality through practices and discourse advantages men as a group.
Different Future Time Perspectives Interplay in Predicting Life Satisfaction
Authors: Lu Minjie , Li Angel Y. , Fung Helene H. , Rothermund Klaus , Lang Frieder R.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This study addresses prior mixed findings on the relationship between future time perspective (FTP) and well-being as well as examines the associations between three aspects of FTP and life satisfaction in the health and friendship domains. 159 Germans, 97 US Americans, and 240 Hong Kong Chinese, aged 19–86 years, completed a survey on future self-views (valence) and life satisfaction. They also reported the extent to which they perceived future time as expanded vs. limited (time extension) and meaningful (openness). Findings revealed that individuals with more positive future self-views had higher satisfaction. However, those who perceived their future as more meaningful or perceived more time in their future reported higher satisfaction even when future self-views were less positive.
Suicide on Instagram – Content Analysis of a German Suicide-Related Hashtag
Authors: Arendt Florian
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds globally. Unfortunately, the suicide-related content on Instagram, a popular social media platform for youth, has not received the scholarly attention it deserves. Method: The present study provides a content analysis of posts tagged as #selbstmord, a German suicide-related hashtag. These posts were created between July 5 and July 11, 2017. Results: Approximately half of all posts included words or visuals related to suicide. Cutting was by far the most prominent method. Although sadness was the dominant emotion, self-hate and loneliness also appeared regularly. Importantly, inconsistency – a gap between one's inner mental state (e.g., sadness) and one's overtly expressed behavior (e.g., smiling) – was also a recurring theme. Conversely, help-seeking, death wishes, and professional awareness–intervention material were very rare. An explorative analysis revealed that some videos relied on very fast cutting techniques. We provide tentative evidence that users may be exposed to purposefully inserted suicide-related subliminal messages (i.e., exposure to content without the user's conscious awareness). Limitations: We only investigated the content of posts on one German hashtag, and the sample size was rather small. Conclusion: Suicide prevention organizations may consider posting more awareness–intervention materials. Future research should investigate suicide-related subliminal messages in social media video posts. Although tentative, this finding should raise a warning flag for suicide prevention scholars.
Agreement on the Classification of Latent Class Membership Between	Different Identification Constraint Approaches in the Mixture Rasch	Model
Authors: Wu Yi-Jhen , Paek Insu
Published: June 2018

Abstract. When using the mixture Rasch model, the model identification constraints are either to set the equal means for all classes in the assumed normal ability distributions (equal ability mean constraint in short), or to set the sum of item difficulties to be zero for each class. In real data analysis, however, both constraints are not always sufficient to establish a common scale across latent classes unless some items are specified as anchor items in the estimation. If these two conventional constraint approaches recover the class membership as good as the anchor item constraint approach, the conventional constraint approaches may be considered useful for the purpose of class membership classification. This study investigated agreement on class membership between one conventional constraint (the equal ability mean) and the anchor item constraint approaches. Results showed high agreement between these two constraint approaches, indicating that the conventional constraint of the equal mean ability approach may be used to recover the latent class membership although item profiles are not correctly estimated across latent classes.
Accurate Estimation of Net Community Production From O2/Ar Measurements
Authors: Teeter Lianna , Hamme Roberta C. , Ianson Debby , Bianucci Laura
Published: June 2018

Under physically isolated conditions, net community production (NCP) can be accurately estimated from the rate of oxygen evasion to the atmosphere derived from local mixed layer oxygen/argon measurements. We use a simple box model to demonstrate that, when physical inputs are negligible, the sea‐to‐air flux of biological oxygen (bioflux) represents the average NCP exponentially weighted over the past several residence times of oxygen in the mixed layer. This new weighting scheme shows that there is no apparent lag between bioflux and exponentially weighted time‐averaged NCP. Furthermore, a strict steady state assumption is unnecessary to this relationship. However, this widely used O2/Ar method is not effective in dynamic coastal zones where low oxygen water upwells to the surface. Yet these zones are highly productive and their episodic productivity needs to be quantified. We use a quasi‐2‐D version of the Regional Ocean Modeling System, including oxygen and argon as prognostic variables, to explore the application of this method and the relationship between NCP and bioflux in a coastal upwelling system. We show that bioflux is an accurate measure of NCP over large regions of time and space. Bioflux is most biased near the shore following upwelling favorable winds, where bioflux is sometimes negative (flux from the atmosphere to the ocean) and even positive bioflux values can severely underestimate NCP. Assessing a range of model variables that are easily observed in the field, we show that sea surface temperature is the most effective at identifying bioflux measurements that are likely to be biased.
Why Are Some Rocky Mountain Lakes Ephemeral?
Authors: Liefert David T. , Shuman Bryan N. , Parsekian Andrew D. , Mercer Jason J.
Published: June 2018

Small mountain lakes function as temporary storage basins for rain and snowmelt‐derived water. Many small lakes lose water seasonally, but questions remain about the processes involved and effects on watershed hydrology. Evaporation and groundwater outflow from lakes may influence baseflow in streams, hydrologic connections among lakes, and water fluxes from a watershed. To evaluate the role of small mountain lakes in watershed hydrology and the dominant pathways of water loss, we studied the water balances of four shallow, closed‐basin, subalpine lakes in southern Wyoming that lose up to 99% of their volumes between early summer and late fall. We tested the performance of seven evaporation models, compared observed rates of water loss with simulations of evaporation and drainage, and conducted geophysical surveys to evaluate the hydrologic environment between lakes. Our results show that groundwater outflow, rather than evaporation, can dominate water loss and cause closed‐basin mountain lakes to be ephemeral. Groundwater fluxes may contribute to varied rates and timing of water loss from the lakes. Evaporation accounted for 14% of water loss in a lake that overlays thin (<0.5 m) sediments and fractured bedrock and 83% in a lake underlain by >3 m of sediments and clay. Gradual recharge of groundwater (<18,000 m3·km−2·day−1) from each study lake likely helps sustain baseflow in streams once snowmelt has subsided. Total water loss from closed‐basin, subalpine lakes may therefore help to maintain baseflow of rivers in late summer, but their impact varies based on geological context and snowmelt availability.
Climate Research Funding Still Under Threat, Report Warns
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: June 2018

Congressional appropriations may not be sufficient enough to fund climate research if the Trump administration reprograms funds or takes other steps to limit funding, the report says.
The Seasonality of Physically Driven Export at Submesoscales in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Erickson Zachary K. , Thompson Andrew F.
Published: June 2018

Submesoscale dynamics
(1–100 km) are associated with enhanced vertical velocities and evolve on a time scale similar to that of biological production (hours to days). Here we consider an annual cycle of submesoscale dynamics and their relation to productivity and export in a small (20 × 20 km) region of the northeast Atlantic Ocean. In this region, a springtime bloom is initiated by restratification of the mixed layer in June, although intermittent shoaling of the mixed layer maintains phytoplankton populations throughout the year. An optical community index suggests a dominance of large species (e.g., diatoms) during spring and picophytoplankton during the winter. We review three types of submesoscale instabilities—mixed layer (baroclinic), gravitational, and symmetric—and consider the impact of each on export of fixed carbon out of the surface layer. Mixed layer instabilities can potentially export material out of the mixed layer during winter, although the vertical velocity across the base of the mixed layer is sensitive to the parameterization scheme. Symmetric instabilities, in contrast, provide a clear mechanism for rapid export out of the mixed layer. A crucial factor determining export potential is the strength of the pycnocline at the base of the mixed layer. Export production is sensitive to the degree of overlap that exists between intense submesoscale activity associated with deep mixed layers in the winter and high productivity associated with the spring restratification, meaning that physically driven export of fixed carbon will likely happen over a short time window during spring.
Holocene Ice‐Flow Speedup in the Vicinity of the South Pole
Authors: Lilien David A. , Fudge T. J. , Koutnik Michelle R. , Conway Howard , Osterberg Erich C. , Ferris David G. , Waddington Edwin D. , Stevens C. Max
Published: June 2018

The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) was drilled at least 180 km from an ice‐flow divide. Thus, the annual‐equivalent layer thicknesses in the core are affected by spatial variations in accumulation upstream in addition to temporal variations in regional accumulation. We use a new method to compare the SPICEcore accumulation record, derived by correcting measured layer thicknesses for thinning, with an accumulation record derived from new GPS and radar measurements upstream. When ice speeds are modeled as increasing by 15% since 10 ka, the upstream accumulation explains 77% of the variance in the SPICEcore‐derived accumulation (versus 22% without speedup). This result demonstrates that the ice‐flow direction and spatial pattern of accumulation were stable throughout the Holocene. The 15% speedup in turn suggests a slight (3–4%) steepening or thickening of the ice‐sheet interior and provides a new constraint on the evolution of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet following the glacial termination.
Insight Into Radio‐Isotope 129I Deposition in Fresh Snow at a Remote Glacier Basin of Northeast Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Dong Zhiwen , Shao Yaping , Qin Dahe , Zhang Luyuan , Hou Xiaolin , Wei Ting , Kang Shichang , Qin Xiang
Published: June 2018

We present data of 129I deposition in fresh snow in the Laohugou glacier basin, northeast Tibetan Plateau, in summer 2016 and 2017, and trace its source and elevational distribution in the troposphere. Our results show that the 129I/127I atomic ratios in the fresh snow on the glacier surface are about 2 orders of magnitude larger than those in the Antarctic fresh snow and 4 orders the prenuclear level, indicating a predominantly anthropogenic source of the 129I in the mountain glacier environment of northeast Tibetan Plateau. The 129I level in the Laohugou glacier basin is 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than at representative European locations, and not significantly higher than that observed at other sites in Asia. The 129I/127I atomic ratio and 129I level show clear increases with elevation from 4,300 to 5,100 m above sea level. The 129I in the Laohugou glacier basin is probably deposited from the upper troposphere where there exists a local maximum of 129I. A conceptual model for interpretation of the observed 129I concentration and profile in Laohugou is provided. Thus, this work is of importance in providing a more complete view on the transport, dispersion, and removal of 129I in the atmosphere.
Ion and Electron κ Distribution Functions Along the Plasma Sheet
Authors: Espinoza C. M. , Stepanova M. , Moya P. S. , Antonova E. E. , Valdivia J. A.
Published: June 2018

We use kappa distributions to model thousands of ion and electron flux spectra along the plasma sheet and analyze the variation of the spectral index κ and the temperature T in this region. We find that κ distributions are ubiquitous and fit well ion and electron flux spectra during quiet times, and during the expansion and recovery phases of substorms. Near Earth, and up to ∼12 RE, the κ indices are different than the rest of the plasma sheet, both for ions (κi) and electrons (κe). There is a significant dawn‐dusk asymmetry in κi toward the tail, which is enhanced during substorms. The ions also exhibit a permanent temperature asymmetry, determined by a colder dawnside. The whole tail becomes hotter during substorms, but it appears that most of the energy is deposited near Earth.
Highly flexible, foldable, and rollable microsupercapacitors on an ultrathin polyimide substrate with high power density
Authors: Pu Juan , Wang Xiaohong , Xu Renxiao , Xu Sixing , Komvopoulos Kyriakos
Published: June 2018

The design and functionality of extremely flexible, foldable, and rollable microsupercapacitors (MSCs) with in-plane interdigital electrodes that consist of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks on an ultrathin polyimide substrate are demonstrated through experiments and finite element simulations. The all-solid-state MSCs can be reversibly bent, folded, and rolled purely elastically without degradation of their electrical performance. The simulation results confirm that the deformation in bent, folded, and rolled MSCs is purely elastic. The high power density (1125 W cm–3) and small time constant (1 ms) of the present MSCs are comparable to those of aluminum electrolytic capacitors. The MSCs operate at scan rates of up to 1000 V s–1, are characterized by a volumetric capacitance of 18 F cm–3 and an energy density of 1.6 mWh cm–3, and exhibit superior electrochemical stability with 96% capacity retention even after 100,000 charge/discharge cycles. The developed MSCs demonstrate high potential for integration in flexible and wearable electronic systems.
Quantitative spatial analysis of haematopoiesis-regulating stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment by 3D microscopy
Authors: Gomariz Alvaro , Helbling Patrick M. , Isringhausen Stephan , Suessbier Ute , Becker Anton , Boss Andreas , Nagasawa Takashi , Paul Grégory , Goksel Orcun , Székely Gábor , Stoma Szymon , Nørrelykke Simon F. , Manz Markus G. , Nombela-Arrieta César
Published: June 2018

Sinusoidal endothelial cells and mesenchymal CXCL12-abundant reticular cells are principal bone marrow stromal components, which critically modulate haematopoiesis at various levels, including haematopoietic stem cell maintenance. These stromal subsets are thought to be scarce and function via highly specific interactions in anatomically confined niches. Yet, knowledge on their abundance, global distribution and spatial associations remains limited. Using three-dimensional quantitative microscopy we show that sinusoidal endothelial and mesenchymal reticular subsets are remarkably more abundant than estimated by conventional flow cytometry. Moreover, both cell types assemble in topologically complex networks, associate to extracellular matrix and pervade marrow tissues. Through spatial statistical methods we challenge previous models and demonstrate that even in the absence of major specific interaction forces, virtually all tissue-resident cells are invariably in physical contact with, or close proximity to, mesenchymal reticular and sinusoidal endothelial cells. We further show that basic structural features of these stromal components are preserved during ageing.
To catch a quake
Authors: Cochran Elizabeth S.
Published: June 2018

A revolution in seismic detection technology is underway, capturing unprecedented observations of earthquakes and their impacts. These sensor innovations provide real-time ground shaking observations that could improve emergency response following damaging earthquakes and may advance our understanding of the physics of earthquake ruptures.
Neuromorphic computing with multi-memristive synapses
Authors: Boybat Irem , Le Gallo Manuel , Nandakumar S. R. , Moraitis Timoleon , Parnell Thomas , Tuma Tomas , Rajendran Bipin , Leblebici Yusuf , Sebastian Abu , Eleftheriou Evangelos
Published: June 2018

Neuromorphic computing has emerged as a promising avenue towards building the next generation of intelligent computing systems. It has been proposed that memristive devices, which exhibit history-dependent conductivity modulation, could efficiently represent the synaptic weights in artificial neural networks. However, precise modulation of the device conductance over a wide dynamic range, necessary to maintain high network accuracy, is proving to be challenging. To address this, we present a multi-memristive synaptic architecture with an efficient global counter-based arbitration scheme. We focus on phase change memory devices, develop a comprehensive model and demonstrate via simulations the effectiveness of the concept for both spiking and non-spiking neural networks. Moreover, we present experimental results involving over a million phase change memory devices for unsupervised learning of temporal correlations using a spiking neural network. The work presents a significant step towards the realization of large-scale and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing systems.
Molecular basis of Tousled-Like Kinase 2 activation
Authors: Mortuza Gulnahar B. , Hermida Dario , Pedersen Anna-Kathrine , Segura-Bayona Sandra , López-Méndez Blanca , Redondo Pilar , Rüther Patrick , Pozdnyakova Irina , Garrote Ana M. , Muñoz Inés G. , Villamor-Payà Marina , Jauset Cristina , Olsen Jesper V. , Stracker Travis H. , Montoya Guillermo
Published: June 2018

Tousled-like kinases (TLKs) are required for genome stability and normal development in numerous organisms and have been implicated in breast cancer and intellectual disability. In humans, the similar TLK1 and TLK2 interact with each other and TLK activity enhances ASF1 histone binding and is inhibited by the DNA damage response, although the molecular mechanisms of TLK regulation remain unclear. Here we describe the crystal structure of the TLK2 kinase domain. We show that the coiled-coil domains mediate dimerization and are essential for activation through ordered autophosphorylation that promotes higher order oligomers that locally increase TLK2 activity. We show that TLK2 mutations involved in intellectual disability impair kinase activity, and the docking of several small-molecule inhibitors of TLK activity suggest that the crystal structure will be useful for guiding the rationale design of new inhibition strategies. Together our results provide insights into the structure and molecular regulation of the TLKs.