bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of X-ray radiometric separation in preliminary concentration of ore
Authors: Tsypin E. F. , Ovchinnikova T. Yu. , Efremova T. A.
Published: January 2021

One of the efficient approaches to improvement of mineral processing technologies is the enhancement of ore pre-treatment with preliminary concentration. A promising dressing technique is X-ray fluorescent separation applied to various minerals to date. This process efficiency depends on various factors connected with characteristics of minerals to be processed, dressability of minerals in the preliminary concentration, geological characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of minerals, specifics of the pre-treatment circuits and modes, as well as with features of X-ray fluorescent separation. The research is aimed to study the influence of the factors which govern expediency and application condition of X-ray fluorescent separation for the preliminary concentration of mineral raw materials. The research methods were modeling of hypothetical ore grading with respect to the content of ore components with plotting of limit curves of separation, testing on X-ray fluorescent separator SRF-100L, theoretical analysis of formulas for calculating ultimate dressability indices as well as analytical calculations of particle size distribution and quality of complex ore separation by the ore separation plant circuit. The research has found that efficiency of the preliminary concentration grows with the lower content of useful component in raw material and with higher degree of dissociation of this component. Efficiency of using ore separation plant circuit in the preliminary concentration depends on the ore hardness and on drilling-and-blasting design, as well as on the circuit and modes of crushing and screening at the ore separation plant, including the number of the machine sorting classes accepted in the circuit. The preliminary concentration technologies with X-ray fluorescent separation should be developed with regard to the influence exerted on the ore separation efficiency by the material constitution of ore and dissociation of mineral phases to sizes suitable for the preliminary concentration, grain size composition of the material before separation, which depends on the parameters of mining, drilling-and-blasting and pre-treatment with crushing and screening, as well as on the ore separation plant circuit and machine sorting classes. The research results are applicable to development of the preliminary ore concentration technologies with X-ray fluorescent separation
Construction of conveyor lifts on the sides of pits
Authors: Bersenev V. A. , Semenkin A. V. , Sumina I. G.
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the placement of steeply inclined conveyors in quarries that develop deep-lying, steep-falling mineral deposits, which have small dimensions in terms of. The analysis of the application of cyclic-flow technology (CFT) with a belt conveyor is carried out. A review of known methods for the construction of traditional conveyor belts on the sides of the quarries. For quarries that are small in size, there is a restriction on the use of belt conveyors: the absence of straight sections for their location. In such quarries it is effective to use steeply inclined conveyors (with pressure tape, tubular, Pocketlift, etc.). The conveyor is positioned so that its tail section is mounted on a horizontal berm along the ledge of the pit side from the lying side of the mineral deposit. This placement eliminates the need for conservation of the pillar of rocks with part of the mineral. A technical and economic comparison of the options for using a steeply inclined conveyor with a clamping belt and an excavator-automobile complex (EAС) is carried out in relation to the conditions of a real quarry. Costs were calculated at heights of 400 and 470 meters with a change in the annual productivity of the complexes from 1 to 20 million tons / year. The dependences of changes in costs for the use of a complex of cyclic-flow technology and an excavator-automobile complex are established with marked changes in productivity and height of the rock mass.
Safety audit of rail transport in open pit mines
Authors: Bakhturin Yu. A.
Published: January 2021

In order that the industrial safety audit at hazardous operation objects becomes a source of reliable information, it is required to develop the appropriate regulations and procedures. Inasmuch as Rostekhnadzor has aimed to cancel obligatory expertise of industrial safety, the function of the approval testing, at least to a certain degree, can be given to auditing. This article discusses two auditing scenarios: in case of systematic safety expertise at hazardous production objects and in case of no such expertise undertaken. A procedure is proposed, which allows control over conformance of actual performance specifications of rail transportation stock at an open pit mine to the industrial safety requirements in the frameworks of the safety audit. The procedure includes sampling braking tests, or the comparison of the actual braking performance indices of trains in the most hazardous sections of track with the braking parameters from the dynamic calculations. The method developed at the Institute of Mining, Ural Branch RAS enables taking into account the specific type of braking equipment, is based on the actual physical values and features higher accuracy. The case-studies of the braking test procedures and modeling are given.
Greek Perception of the Lydians in the archaic and early classical periods of Ancient Greece
Authors: Solovyeva Alexandra S.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the ancient Greeks and the Middle Eastern tribe of the Lydians in the 7–5th centuries BCE. The evidence of ancient authors analyzed in the article helps to understand the evolution of the Greeks' ideas about the Lydians and highlights the changes in the Hellenes' relationship to the Middle Eastern neighbors. The central question of the work is the analysis of the period in which the Hellenes begin to perceive the Lydians as barbarians, and what was associated with this attitude to the people. The article raises the question of what role Greco-Persian wars have played in the relationship between the Greeks and the Lydians.
Seneca’s philosophical approach to the education of children
Authors: Demina Svetlana
Published: January 2021

Seneca pays serious attention to the problems of education of children, because he regards it as an important, but difficult affair. He examines aims, methods, difficulties of upbringing and ways of overcoming them, as well as foundations of the mutual relations between parents and children. Seneca’s system of views in education is a synthesis of Roman traditional thoughts about models of behavior of father and son in the family and his own philosophical ideas about virtue and vice, love, anger, joy, tranquility, and beneficences.
Alexander of Aphrodisias on the soul as a cause of generation
Authors: Varlamova Maria
Published: January 2021

The discussion about the soul in ancient philosophy is connected not only with consideration of the soul’s relation to the body, its capacities and functions of the living organism, but also with the question of generation, formation and animation of organic body, that has life potentially, in the womb. Considering the generation among the capacities of the nourishing soul, Alexander in De Anima Liber discusses the causes of embryogenesis. Among the causes of embryo’s development, he indicates the nourishing capacity, which is transmitted from the parent through the seed, and the soul as a form of the parent, which acts in the embryo, since it is part of the mother, that is, before birth. The paper explicates Alexander's notion of ​​the causes of animal’s generation in the context of his idea of ​​the soul as capacity (δύναμις) and disposition (ἕξις) from the perspective of the Alexander's treatise "On the Soul" and Simplicius's commentary on the Aristotle's "Physics".
Identity, regional ethnicity and nationality in Carthaginian discourse
Authors: Avaliani Eka
Published: January 2021

This paper explores the sociopolitical and state dynamics of the Carthaginian statehood, early manifestations of nationhood and nationalism and also unpacks issues such as the identity and regional ethnicity in Carthaginian discourse. This study argues there were indeed ancient nations and that Carthage represents one of the best examples. Carthaginian citizens and allies exhibited their national affiliation in a variety of ways, most notably via a willingness to fight for the Carthaginian national collective in the face of extreme duress during the Punic Wars.
Architectural perspective and the private-public continuum in the villas of Ancient Stabiae: preliminary considerations
Authors: Telminov Vyacheslav
Published: January 2021

The article serves as a starting point for a research project dedicated to the dichotomy of private and public, and its implications and dynamics in the late Roman republic – early Empire. The primary focus is on the roman private spaces in the villas and houses of the Vesuvian archaeological area. The main methodological approach is represented by the ‘space syntax” theory of B. Hillier and the “movement as memory” theory of D. Favro developed within the logics of Spatial Turn studies, further refined by A. Russel in her works on Roman public space.
Semantic Contents of the Theory of Intersubjective Management Name
Authors: Moiseeva Tatiana V.
Published: January 2021

The theme of the study is to identify the meaning of the terms that used in the name of the intersubjective management theory, which can be interpreted in different ways. At the stage of the formation of innovative approaches to management, multiple interpretations and discrepancies in understanding the basic principles of the theory can have a negative value. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to reduce the ambiguity of the interpretation of the terms used, starting with the name of the new approach itself. The applied theoretical and empirical methods include analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, formalization, induction, deduction, analogy, problem statement, and literature research. The obtained results consist of the fact that for the first time an analysis and comparison of the definitions of the basic concepts included in the name of the theory of intersubjective management and presented in the scientific literature and dictionaries are carried out. On the basis of existing concepts, new definitions are given and new meaning is presented, embedded in the name by the author of the theory and shared by followers. The stated concept will help to understand the meaning of key terms for researchers (for the further development of the theory) and actors (for practical application).
Pupils’ Professional Plans and Labor Market Demands of the Regions of the Russian Arctic Zone: Coordination of Interests
Authors: Simakova Anna V. , Gurtov Valeriy A.
Published: January 2021

The article considers the professional interests of schoolchildren in the Arctic regions in comparison with the demand of the labor market and leading employers. The study of professional preferences of schoolchildren in the face of a staff shortage of the economy of the Arctic regions and the increased interest in the development of these territories is relevant. It is youth that forms the basis for the timely reproduction of human capital. The purpose of the study is to identify professional plans of schoolchildren in the Arctic regions and to compare plans with the needs of the labor market and employers of the regions. The empirical basis of the study is official statistics (data from Rostrud for 2018), a survey of leading employers and students in grades 8–10 of the Arctic regions. The originality of the study lies in comparing tripartite interests – the labor market, employers and schoolchildren as potential professionals who build a career path. The entire array of professions obtained is compared on the basis of structural analysis. According to vacancies, requests of employers and preferences of schoolchildren, there is an intersection in certain professions. Details of professions by educational level showed inconsistency: for va cancies and employers, workers with secondary vocational education are in demand, but schoolchildren are more oriented toward higher education; the professional groups of engineering, technical and social professions also revealed a discrepancy. These results are useful for authorities, the scientific and pedagogical community in the formation of mechanisms for securing future young specialists in the Arctic regions.
Impact of new MBBS curriculum on the 1styear students and burden on teaching faculty: Are we making the balance?
Authors: Kotur Naveen , Anitha M. R. , Sappandi Nanda , Murthy Niranjan , Kunjathur Shilpashree Madhava , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Deepak Kishore Kumar
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

The Medical Council of India has introduced competency based medical education (CBME) for all the undergraduate medical students across the country. We conducted this study to assess the impact of new curriculum on students’ performance and the differential time utilization of the teaching faculty.

Materials and Methods:

It is a cross-sectional study conducted at ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Bengaluru during January to March 2020. The college has an intake of 100 under-graduate students for an academic year. The sources of data included internal marks of the students and a semi-structured questionnaire for teaching faculty.

Results:

The mean (range) marks obtained by the students of 2018-19 and 2019-20 batch were found to be (a) theory: 48.75 (7 to 83) and 50.71 (10 to 78) (b) practical’s: 64.88 (38 to 90) and 69.70 (30 to 93). The man hours per week-faculty for different teaching activities during 2018-19 and 2019-20 were as follows: (a) theory teaching: 6 (16%) (b) practical teaching: 12 (32%) (c) research activities: 6 (16%) (d) planning activities: 8 (21%) (e) administrative activities: 6 (16%).

Conclusion:

The newer MBBS curriculum is found to be promising for the medical students but it is taking a huge toll on the teaching faculty. Measures to promote research and faculty strength in the existing medical colleges should be prioritized by policy makers.
Breastfeeding in the first hour of birth: Science and skills
Authors: Benakappa Asha D.
Published: January 2021

Immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn should be facilitated soon after birth to initiate breastfeeding. It initiates the newborn infant’s internal process to go through nine instinctive steps (namely, crying, relaxation, awakening, activity, resting, crawling, familiarization, suckling, and sleeping). Skin-to-skin contact with the mother soon after birth contributes to an early coordination of five senses in the newborn, namely, sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. The oxytocin surge in the 1st h of birth makes mother to keep the infant close to her chest and also establishes chemical connection between the two. The colostrum odor increases the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin over the olfactory cortex in the newborn within 24 h of life. The skin-to-skin provides the initial colonization of the baby’s microbiome outside the mother. Finally, skin-to-skin contact not only improves the bonding between mother and the infant but also influences infant’s self-regulation in the years to come.
Perinatal outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Srinivasa S. , Awati Muragesh
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are multisystem diseases, which include chronic (preexisting) hypertension, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. These disorders may complicate 5%–10% of all pregnancies and are leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study was done to assess the incidence of HDP and perinatal outcomes in comparison to normal pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to assess the incidence of HDP and its correlation with perinatal outcome.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty patients were enrolled for the study, Group A (cases) – 40 patients of HDP and Group B (controls) – 40 normotensive controls, these 40 normotensive controls were properly matched with Group A with respect to age and gestational age. The collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS statistics software 23.0 Version XVII.

Results:

In Group A, 45% were gestational hypertensive patients, 35% were pre-eclamptic patients, 12.5% eclampsia, and 7.5% chronic hypertension. Perinatal morbidity and mortality were increased in HDP when compared with age and gestational age-matched controls. Perinatal mortality was seen in 10% in Group A. In Group B(controls) there were no perinatal mortalities.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated that high parity, low gestational age, lack of antenatal care, having eclampsia, pre-delivery onset of HDP, vaginal delivery, low fetal birth weight, and maternal death were independent predictors of perinatal mortality. The majority of perinatal mortality predictors were also predictors of stillbirths. The strong association of perinatal mortality with eclampsia (a late complication of HDP in the majority) and lack of antenatal care is an indirect evidence for the delay in the utilization of obstetric services.
Dealing with adolescent not a child’s play
Authors: Singh Himabindu
Published: January 2021

Adolescents are one-third of the country’s population and dealing with adolescents is not a child’s play. According to the WHO, around 1.2 billion people, or 1 in 6 of the world’s population, are adolescents aged 10–19. Adolescence is the second growth spurt of life and poses lots of challenges for the adolescent, parents, and caregivers. It marks a transition characterized by physical, emotional, and social changes. It is one of the most crucial and challenging periods of life with peak intelligence and stamina. The physical changes that herald adolescence are – the development of breasts, axillary and pubic hair, and first menstrual periods for girls and deepening of voice and broadening of shoulders for boys, which are the most striking markers of this stage. Developing brains bring new cognitive skills that enhance their reasoning ability and abstract thinking but these changes occur few years later than the physical development which brings in challenges for the adolescents and their caregivers. Adolescents develop cognitively, physically, socially, and emotionally. It prepares them to experiment with new behaviors. There is a high chance of adolescents getting into smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse. Changing sexuality predisposes for early unprotected and premarital sex. Some of the reasons for high- risk behavior in adolescents includes Living in increasingly sexualized societies, impact of media, rapid growth of cities, and breakdown of traditional family structure. HEADSS criteria are the best way to assess the characteristics of an adolescent (1) H – Home, (2) E - Education and employment, (3) A – Activity, (4) D – Drugs, (5) S – Sexuality, (6) S – Suicide/depression. Adolescents (20%) are important asset to our nation. Pediatricians with a little training can deal with the adolescent in a comfortable way.
Oscillometry – The future of estimating pulmonary functions
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Sachdev Anil , Gupta Dhiren , Gupta Suresh
Published: January 2021

The prevalence of asthma is increasing rapidly, worldwide, due to changing gene-environment interactions. The rate of rise is more in resource poor nations due to lack of knowledge and non-availability of expertise. Monitoring of lung functions is mandatory for diagnosis and further management of asthmatic patients. Spirometry, the widely available investigation, is the gold standard test used for mapping pulmonary dynamicity. It has got its own limitations in the form of operational difficulties in children, the elderly, and in those with neuromuscular or behavioral issues. In the current era of COVID-19 pandemic, the utility of spirometry has been further restricted to selected cohort only, due to potential risk of viral transmission during the procedure. Oscillometry technique has been used previously, to monitor lung functions, with promising results. Ultrasonic waves of various frequencies accompany the tidal breath of patients and respiratory impedance is calculated by measured pressure and flow signals from exhaled breath. The results are interpreted in the form of resistance, reactance, resonant frequency, and reactance area. Various manufacturers have developed different mechanical models with slight variation in impulse pattern till date. There are certain distinct advantages of oscillometry over spirometry. Being tidal breath-based maneuver, it is more child friendly. People with neuromuscular weakness, cognitive limitations, and the elderly can easily perform it with only minor understanding and effort. Oscillometry is more sensitive than spirometry in detecting peripheral airway diseases. Post-bronchodilator reversibility can be evaluated by comparing with the baseline respiratory characteristics. Their utility in restrictive diseases and vocal cord dysfunction has also been explored. Less aerosol generation during the normal tidal breath is another advantage of oscillometry, over spirometry needing forceful efforts, which makes it more suitable for use in viral pandemic situations for monitoring patients with both asthma and pneumonia. More research is needed, in various geographic locations and heterogeneous populations, to devise the normative data of oscillometric parameters. Simultaneously, there is an urgent need for standardization of available machines at global platform.
Molecular-Level Interactions of Nanodisc-Forming Copolymers Dissected by EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Eisermann Jana , Hoffmann Matthias , Schöffmann Florian A. , das manabendra , Vargas Carolyn , Keller Sandro , Hinderberger Dariush
Published: January 2021

In this study, we focus on analyzing the non-covalent interaction patterns between three lipid-nanodisc-forming polymers and nitroxide radicals which are used as small organic tracer molecules. Besides the negatively charged polymers DIBMA and SMA(2:1), we characterize the solvation behavior of a new zwitterionic styrene/maleic amide sulfobetaine copolymer named SMA-SB. The used nitroxide spin probes vary in their respective chemical structure, allowing the report of different local micropolarities and nanoscopic regions by recording temperature-dependent continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectra. In combination with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) experiments, we are able to provide a nanoscopic interpretation of the dominant interaction patterns between the polymer and the chosen guest molecule.
A Red Phosphorus-Graphite Anode for K-ion Batteries
Authors: Capone Isaac , Aspinall Jack , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Xiao Albert , Ihli Johannes , Pasta Mauro
Published: January 2021

Red phosphorus (RP) is a promising anode material for potassium-ion batteries because of its theoretical capacity of 865mAhg–1 delivered at an average potential of 0.5V vs K+/K. However, its alloy reactionto form KP entails a volume expansion of 162% resulting in severe stresses that lead to SEI and electrode fracture, loss of electric contact, and ultimately reduced cycle life. Moreover, its low electronic conductivity (10-14 Scm–1) limits rate capability. Here, we report a RP-graphite composite prepared by a two step ball milling procedure to control particle size and optimize carbon coating. Electrodes prepared with the composites achieve high capacity (723mAhg–1) at C/20 and retaining 75% at 5C. It also shows very good cycling stability, retaining more than 96% of the capacity after 100 cycles at 1C.
Results of infertility treatment using ART methods in patients who underwent myomectomy: risk factors for repeated unsuccessful ART programs
Authors: Kozachenko Irena F. , Smolnikova Veronika Y. , Adamyan Leila V.
Published: January 2021

Aim. To evaluate the results of treatment of patients with uterine fibroids and infertility with ineffective art programs in the anamnesis and to identify possible risk factors for repeated art failures.
Materials and methods. 510 patients with uterine fibroids and infertility were examined and surgically treated prior to the ART program. Myomectomy was performed using various approaches: laparoscopic access in 250 patients, laparotomic access in 70 patients, hysteroscopic myomectomy in 100 patients, and combined access (laparoscopic and hysteroscopic) in 90 women.
Results. Primary infertility was observed in 38.0%, secondary in 62.0% of patients. The average duration of infertility was 4.41.9 years. ART had in history 54.5% of patients. During the follow-up period up to 2 years, 24.3% of women had recurrent uterine fibroids. After carrying out of surgical treatment and the following ART pregnancy was achieved in 44.3% of patients. Pregnancies ended in childbirth in 58.8% of cases, which exceeded the total share (41.6%) of adverse pregnancy outcomes (ectopic pregnancy, abortions, spontaneous miscarriages at various times) by 1.4 times.
Conclusion. Risk factors for repeated ART failures in patients who have undergone myomectomy are: age over 40 years; duration of infertility for more than 5 years and the presence of 3 or more ineffective IVF attempts in the history; the presence of previous surgical interventions such as uterine artery embolization and FUS-ablation; the presence of submucous fibroids, a dominant node located close to the uterine cavity and myoma with signs of blood supply disorders; the combination of uterine fibroids with external genital endometriosis and chronic endometritis.
Evaluation of glycan expression in endometrial epithelial structures as a predictive factor for endometrial receptivity
Authors: Ziganshina Marina M. , Dolgushina Nataliya V. , Kulikova Galina V. , Fayzullina Nafisa M. , Dovgan Alina A. , Abdurakhmanova Nigora F. , Shchegolev Alexandr I. , Asaturova Alexandra V. , Sukhikh Gennady T.
Published: January 2021

Aim. To evaluate the endometrial glyotype in the implantation window in patients with infertility in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs and to develop criteria for assessing endometrial receptivity based on the analysis of complex changes in the functional groups of glycans in the main endometrial epithelial to use in clinical practice.
Materials and methods. The study included 32 infertile patients who took part in ART programs. Pipelle endometrial biopsy was performed during the implantation window in the cycle preceding the cycle of ovarian stimulation and embryo transfer. Using lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, glycans levels in the glycocalyx of endometrial surface epithelium (SE) and glandular epithelium (GE) was studied.
Results. Differences in the expression of mannose-rich glycans in SE and N-acetylgalactosamine--terminated glycans in the GE of the endometrium were revealed, as well as the link between the expression of lectin staining glycans: ConA, VVL, UEA-I, SNA, MAL-II, ECL and monoclonal antibodies: anti-MECA -79 mAb and anti-LeY mAb in SE and GE of the endometrium was assessed in patients with infertility, depending on the outcome of the ART program. The estimated threshold levels in glycan expression and the odds ratio for pregnancy occurrence allow to characterize the diagnostic value for the studied glycomarkers and to develop criteria for assessing endometrial receptivity.
Conclusion. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of glycans in the main endometrial epithelial structures in the cycle preceding the ART cycle, criteria for assessment of the likelihood of pregnancy have been developed, which can increase the effectiveness of ART programs in patients with infertility.
The scattered puzzle effect: implantation disorders in chronic endometritis
Authors: Radzinsky Victor E. , Orazov Mekan R. , Toktar Liliia R. , Mihaleva Liudmila M. , Semenov Pavel A. , Orehov Roman E. , Lagutina Elena V. , Silantyeva Elena S.
Published: January 2021

Chronic endometritis (CE) is defined as a state of inflammation localized in the endometrium, accompanied by edema, dissociated maturation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts, increased stromal density and the presence of plasma cell infiltrate in it. The connection between chronic inflammation in the endometrium and infertility deserves special attention. Inadequate response of immunocompetent endometrial cells, including impaired synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, dysreceptiveness, disorders of proliferation and differentiation processes are the main links in the formation of infertility in patients with CE. Despite the fact that the presence of a normocenosis of the uterine cavity today is not in doubt this is a physiological norm, persistent bacterial infection of the endometrium is still called the main etiopathogenetic factor of CE and, therefore, the main point of application of therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, a number of works have emphasized the special role of not bacterial, but viral etiology of endometritis, especially in the context of infertility developing against this background. It seems that the role of viral endometrial infection in adverse pregnancy outcomes and in vitro fertilization programs is underestimated. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship of viral infection as a trigger of implantation failure in infertile women with CE.
PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE PROBABILITY THEORY
Authors: Стоцкая Татьяна Геннадьевна
Published: January 2021

В настоящее время для решения многих практических задач в различных сферах человеческой жизни мы используем разные математико-статические методы. Данные методы базируются на основных понятиях и положениях теории вероятности. Проблема теории вероятности кроется в самой природе вероятности, раскрыть которую способен исключительно философский подход. Традиционно принято считать, что именно математическая теория вероятностей формулирует самое строгое определение вероятности. Но применение данного подхода гораздо шире: понятие вероятности стало одной из фундаментальных категорий биологии, космологии, кибернетики, физики.

Currently, to solve many practical problems in various fields of human life, we use different mathematical and static methods, these methods are based on the basic concepts and statements of probability theory. The problem of probability theory lies in the very nature of probability, which can be revealed by a philosophical approach. Traditionally, it is considered that mathematical probability theory formulates the strictest definition of probability. But the application of this approach is much broader: the concept of probability has become one of the fundamental categories of biology, cosmology, Cybernetics, and physics.
INSTITUTIONAL-FORMATION THEORY AND ITS CONSTITUTIVE PRINCIPLES
Authors: Сафонов Андрей Леонидович , Орлов Александр Дмитриевич
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящается поиску путей преодоления кризиса гуманитарных наук, которые не дали адекватного объяснения процессам постиндустриального развития общества. Предметом исследования являются социально-философские и социологические теории, в рамках которых изучаются процессы глобализации. В процессе исследования использовались методы сравнительного анализа. С их помощью было показано, что единственной теорией, ставящей перед собой цель определения универсальных закономерностей развития общества, остается формационная теория. Тем не менее она должна быть дополнена и переосмыслена с учетом результатов, полученных в рамках теорий социальных институтов, и функционалистских, структуралистских и структурно-функционалистских концепций. На этой основе были сформулированы принципы создания институционально-формационной теории, которая будет позволять с высокой степенью достоверности прогнозировать направления развития социума и адекватно объяснять идущие в нем процессы.

The article is devoted to the search for ways to overcome the crisis in the humanities, which have not given an adequate explanation for the processes of the society post-industrial development. The subject of this research is socio-philosophical and sociological theories, within the framework of which the processes of globalization are studied. Methods of comparative analysis were used in the research. They helped to demonstrate that the only theory the goal of which is to determine the universal laws of society development is the formation theory. Nevertheless, it should be supplemented and reconsidered due to the results obtained within the framework of theories of social institutions, and functionalist, structuralist and structural-functionalist concepts. Based on this, the principles of creating an institutional-formation theory were formulated. It would allow predicting the highly reliable directions of the society development and providing an adequate explanation of its processes.
SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IMPLEMENTATION INTELLIGENT PRODUCTS: IDEAS VS IDEOLOGIES
Authors: Равочкин Никита Николаевич
Published: January 2021

Реалии современной общественной жизни, формирующиеся под влиянием множества самых различных вызовов и вдобавок ко всему пребывающие в состоянии турбулентности ввиду нелинейности мира, требуют нетривиальных и своевременных ответов. Предназначение современных общественных наук видится в необходимости реализации не только лишь теоретического, но и прикладного потенциала. Сети интеллектуалов призваны создавать конкурентоспособные продукты, отражающие результаты их мыслительной деятельности, которые бы при этом обеспечивали эволюционное развитие того или иного общества. Статья посвящена рассмотрению давнего спора о том, какой из интеллектуальных продуктов, идеи или идеологии, наиболее эффективен с позиции осуществления социальных преобразований. Теоретико-методологическую базу исследования составили компаративистский метод и разработанная автором интегральная концепция изучения социальных преобразований, учитывающая положения акторно-сетевой теории, неоинституционализма, мир-системного анализа, нарративного подхода, теории фреймов и ряда других исследовательских установок. Рассмотрена сущность идей и идеологий. Показаны механизмы создания данных интеллектуальных продуктов. На основе анализа исторических фактов, связанных с идейной детерминацией процессов социальных преобразований, автор приходит к однозначному выводу о большей эффективности идей перед идеологиями.

The realities of contemporary social life, which are formed under the influence of many different challenges and, in addition, are in a state of turbulence due to the nonlinearity of the world, require non-trivial and timely responses. The purpose of contemporary social sciences is seen in the need to realize not only theoretical, but also applied potential. Intellectuals' networks are called upon to create competitive products reflecting the results of their mental activity, which would at the same time ensure the evolutionary development of a society. The article is devoted to consideration of a long-standing dispute about which of the intellectual products, ideas or ideology, is the most effective from the standpoint of implementing social transformations. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was formed by the comparative method and the integral concept of the study of social transformations developed by the author, taking into account the provisions of the actor-network theory, neoinstitutionalism, world-systems analysis, the narrative approach, the theory of frames, and a number of other research attitudes. The essence of ideas and ideologies is considered. Mechanisms for creating data for intellectual products are shown. Based on the analysis of historical facts related to the ideological determination of the processes of social transformations, the author comes to an unambiguous conclusion about the greater efficiency of ideas over ideologies.
CONTEMPORARY CITY AS AN AREA FOR INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE
Authors: Верпатова Оксана Юрьевна
Published: January 2021

Показано, что современное социокультурное пространство города испытывает принципиальные изменения, связанные с миграционными процессами. Отмечается, что современный город как пространство межкультурного диалога играет двойную роль: помогает индивиду осваивать новые формы жизни, характерные для городской идентичности, и, наоборот, усиливает/подавляет его индивидуальность. Сделан вывод о том, как важен межкультурный диалог для сбалансированного существования города в целом, а также для всех сообществ и каждого субъекта в частности. Межкультурный диалог в пространстве города осуществляется в противоречивом диапазоне: от вражды и отчужденности - через адаптацию и компромисс - к осознанию значимости «другого».

The article is aimed at revealing that the contemporary socio-cultural space of the city is undergoing fundamental changes associated with migration processes. It is emphasized that the contemporary city as a space of intercultural dialogue plays a dual role: it helps the individual to master new forms of life that are characteristic of urban identity, and, on the contrary, strengthens/suppresses his individuality. It is concluded that intercultural dialogue is important for the balanced existence of the city as a whole, as well as for all communities and each subject in particular. Intercultural dialogue in the city space is carried out in a contradictory range: from hostility and alienation - through adaptation and compromise - to awareness of the significance of the «other».
VARIABILITY OF THE SEMIOTICS OF LIMINAL SITUATIONS IN THE CASE OF RELIGIOUS CHOICE
Authors: Лебедев Владимир Юрьевич , Безруков Андрей Львович
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматривается вопрос о характере мировоззренческих предпочтений в современной социально-религиозной ситуации, актуализирующихся в случае необходимости выбора. Отмечается и анализируется роль абстрактных и конкретно-образных интерпретаций, окрашенных эмоционально. В качестве примера выбраны лиминальные ситуации, связанные с индивидуальной эсхатологией. Особенности такого рода интерпретаций соотносятся с уровнем и характером религиозности российского общества. Вхождение в религиозную группу мотивируется семиотической картиной указанных ситуаций. В данном контексте мы описываем феномены «позитивного посмертия» и «комфортной экзегетики».

The paper considers the question of the nature of the worldview preferences in the contemporary socio-religious situation, actualizing if it is necessary to choose. Also the paper notes and analyzes the role of abstract and concrete-figurative interpretations colored emotionally. Liminal situations associated with an individual eschatology are selected as an example. Features of this kind of interpretations are related with the level and nature of the religiosity of Russian society. Membership in a religious group is motivated by semiotic picture of these situations. In this context, we describe the phenomena of «positive afterlife» and «comfortable exegesis».
HUMANITARIAN KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PHENOMENON OF ISLAM
Authors: Просандеева Наталья Васильевна
Published: January 2021

Автор убежден в том, что ислам как целостный феномен требует серьезных междисциплинарных исследований комплекса гуманитарных и социальных наук: истории, антропологии, культурологии, политологии, социолингвистики, психологии. Это объясняется спецификой ислама как особой религиозной, социальной и политической системы. Только знание основ исламской культуры и цивилизации, а также ее современного состояния дает возможность объективно судить об исламском экстремизме и инструментах борьбы с ним. Необходимо хорошо понимать этот культурный и социальный мир.

The author is convinced that Islam as an integral phenomenon requires serious interdisciplinary research of the complex of humanities and social sciences: history, anthropology, cultural studies, political science, sociolinguistics, psychology. This is due to the specifics of Islam as a special religious, social and political system. Only knowledge of the basics of Islamic culture and civilization, as well as its current state, makes it possible to objectively judge Islamic extremism and the tools to combat it. This cultural and social world must be well understood.
ON F. NIETZSCHE’S NIHILISM DOCTRINE
Authors: Буланов Владимир Владимирович
Published: January 2021

В статье анализируются точки зрения М. Хайдеггера, К. Ясперса и Ж. Делёза об учении Ф. Ницше о нигилизме. Автор предлагает критерии корректной интерпретации учения Ницше о нигилизме. Он формулирует три характерные черты данного учения. Это провозглашение Сократа первым нигилистом, отношение к эпохе «последнего человека» как к апогею нигилизма и акцент на девальвацию всех ценностей.

The article is aimed at the analysis of M. Heidegger’s, K. Jaspers’, and G. Deleuze’s approaches to F. Nietzsche’s nihilism doctrine. The author offers criterions of correct interpretation of F. Nietzsche´s nihilism doctrine. He formulates three characteristic features of this doctrine: declaring Socrates «the first nihilist», the attitude to the epoch of «the last man» as the apogee of nihilism, and the accent on devaluation of all values.
ROAD-MAPPING English Medium Education in the Internationalised University, by Emma Dafouz and Ute Smit
Authors: G. Vinuesa Maya
Published: January 2021

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Defying Absolutes and Essentialism in Derek Walcott’s Omeros: An Epic of Traces
Authors: Fernández Jiménez Mónica
Published: January 2021

Using poststructuralist and postmodern theory, this article analyses the postcolonial epic poem Omeros (1990) by the author Derek Walcott. In using such a genre, Derek Walcott opens up a discussion on the literary canon and the role of epics. The authority of canonical genres is established through the use of some of the epic’s formal conventions in order to be subsequently questioned through the subversion of some others relating to register and perspective. In this way, Walcott establishes a poststructuralist approach to identity which is perceived as fluid, heterogeneous, and subject to transformations. The intertextuality and parody at work in the text bring to light postmodern concerns about history and the past, which are presented as non-absolute traces. In the end, the epic recovery of roots becomes in this poem an invocation of anti-essentialism.
Transgressing Geographical and Gender Borders: A Study of Alternative Manhoods in Yosemite’s Climbing History
Authors: Martínez-García Laura
Published: January 2021

The last few years have been eventful as far as mountaineering in Yosemite is concerned with the soloing of el Cap and the freeing of the Dawn Wall. The documentary film Valley Uprising: Yosemite’s Rock Climbing Revolution (Mortimer et al. 2014) not only traces the history of climbing in the Park but offers a more profound analysis of the evolution of society and gender roles in America in the last half-century, showing that, although the Valley is fairly isolated from urban communities, it is by no means disconnected from the ideological, political and cultural revolutions that the country has lived through. Yosemite is, in actual fact, a  liminal space where gender roles and identities are contested, contracted and re-formulated. This article analyses three differing climbing styles that have dominated Yosemite in the 20th century, to prove that they overstep the physical borders of the territory and that each becomes paradigmatic of the dissenting masculinities that have continuously threatened the establishment outside the geographical limits of the  Park. This genealogy of the particular masculinities of each group allows us to see that these manhoods —perceived as deviant or dissenting outside the Park— were, for insiders, the normative modes of being a man.
Post-Enlightened Poe: Analysing the Pathologies of Modernity in "The Purloined Letter" and "The Colloquy of Monos and Una"
Authors: Martinicorena Sofía
Published: January 2021

This paper delves into the long-debated tensions that critics have found in Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)’s writings, which have placed him as a liminal figure between the Enlightenment and Romanticism. In particular, I will maintain that these tensions are representative of the contradictions inherent in the modern project, which I will argue are present in Poe’s writings and which situate Poe’s texts as both a symptom of and a reaction to the pathologies of modernity. To this end, I will consider Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944), arguing that the problems addressed in the volume were foreshadowed by Poe’s writings a century earlier. After a brief introduction, I will analyse the widely-discussed “The Purloined Letter” (1844) and the attitudes towards rationality that Poe presents in the story. I will then explore the lesser-known “The Colloquy of Monos and Una” (1841),2 where Poe anticipates some of the problems that Horkheimer and Adorno voiced, most notably the confusion between progress and technification.
Women’s Voices and Genealogies in Literary Studies in English, edited by Lilla Maria Crisafulli and Gilberta Golinelli
Authors: Tosadori Luca
Published: January 2021

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RECREATION EFFECT OF THE ‘STRETCHING’ SYSTEM ON THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF MIDDLE AGED WOMEN
Authors: Polianychko Olena , Yeretyk Anatoliy , Gavrylova Natalia , Biriuchynska Svitlana , Liubov Danylo , Litvinova Kseniia
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Today, the Stretching system is an effective way to increase the
level of physical activity of middle-aged women. The introduction of elements of the
"Stretching" system in the author’s fitness programs at the "Faktura" fitness center in
Kyiv encourages the study of their impact on the physical and psychological condition
of women.
The aim of this work is to study the impact of physical culture and health classes
using the system "Stretching" on the physical and psycho-emotional state of middleaged women.
Material and methods. In the course of the research the following methods were
used: analysis of a scientific writer on the research topic, questionnaires, flexibility
tests using exercises for spinal mobility, methods of mathematical statistics. The
research was conducted on the basis of Fitness Studio "Invoice" in Kyiv. The study
involved middle-aged women aged 21-35, who are engaged in a fitness studio (a total
of 64 people).
Results. As a result of the study, it was found to improve flexibility, increase the
level of physical performance, physical fitness of women. During the study, it was
found that in the structure of motivation of middle-aged women to exercise using the
"Stretching" system in the first place is a preventive and health motive.
Conclusions. In the course of the study it was found that in addition to improving
flexibility, classes using the "Stretching" system help to increase the level of physical
performance, physical fitness of middle-aged women. In the structure of motivation of
middle-aged women to classes using the means of the "Stretching" system in the first
place is a preventive and health motive.
Mediaciones transversales en la construcción social de las mujeres ejecutivas
Authors: Del Real Villarreal Lilia Paola
Published: January 2021

Texto justificado en investigación teórica acerca de las mediaciones que reciben las mujeres ejecutivas de alta gerencia a lo largo de su vida y su entretejido en el camino de la crianza, relación con instituciones y medios de comunicación, con el objetivo de exponer las mediaciones de la familia, organización y medios de comunicación, así como su repercusión en la construcción social de las mujeres. El método de selección de las investigaciones incluidas fue a través de la pertinencia con el tema y la representación de las mujeres que actualmente ocupan los puestos ejecutivos. La mediación de la familia y la organización son fundamentales en la construcción social de la mujer de alta gerencia. Los medios de comunicación ocupan una relevancia distinta en el proceso, afectando en la creación de estereotipos disonantes entre la femineidad y el liderazgo.