bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of applying the eco-driving rules on the exhaust emissions
Authors: MERKISZ Jerzy , ANDRZEJEWSKI Maciej , PIELECHA Jacek
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of measurements of exhaust emissions of commercial vehicle in real traffic conditions. The aim of this study was to initial verification how the driving style affects on the exhaust emissions from vehicle engine and fuel consumption. The determinants were the measurements of the concentration of CO2 and others harmful substances emitted to the atmosphere from the power unit of the tested vehicle. In the measurements a portable exhaust emission analyzer was used (PEMS type).
Changes in blow-by and compression pressure of a diesel engine during a bench durability test
Authors: KOSZAŁKA Grzegorz , SUCHECKI Andrzej
Published: July 2021

This paper presents changes in the tightness of a combustion chamber during a 1200-hour bench durability test. The study was conducted on three four-cylinder turbocharged DI diesel engines with a capacity of 1.3 dm3. The changes in the tightness were determined on the basis of the results ofperiodical measurements of the blow-by flow rate under dif­ferent conditions of engine operation and measurements of maximum compression pressure in the cylinders. The results showed that the maximum compression pressure remained at the same level during a long period of engine operation, corresponding to a distance of150 000 km covered by a car. After that period, the pressure started to decrease (after a distanceof200 000 km, it had dropped by 10 %). The blow-by flowrate decreased in the initial period of engine operation and then it started to rise linearly atfull engine load. The rate of increase depended on engine speed - it was the smallest at low speeds (20 % increase in the time range of100-1200 hours, which corresponded to a distance of16 000-192 000 km covered by a car - at 1000 rpm), and the highest at 4000 rpm (an increase of 70% in the same time range).
Prototypical thermoelectric generator for waste heat conversion from combustion engines
Authors: WOJCIECHOWSKI Krzysztof T. , MERKISZ Jerzy , FUĆ Paweł , TOMANKIEWICZ Joanna , ZYBAŁA Rafał , LESZCZYŃSKI Juliusz , LIJEWSKI Piotr , NIERODA Paweł
Published: July 2021

The work presents experimental results of performance tests and theoretical calculations for the thermoelectric generator TEG fitted in the exhaust system of a 1.3 dm3 JTD engine. Benchmark studies were carried out to analyze the performance of the thermoelectric modules and total TEG efficiency. Additionally the investigation of combustion engine’s power drop casued by exhaust gasesflow resistance is presented. The detailed studies were performed using a new prototype of the thermoelectric generator TEG equipped with 24 BiTe/SbTe modules with the total nominal power of 168 W. The prototypical device generates maximal power of200 Wfor the exhaus gases massflow rate of 170 kg-h-1 and temperature of280 oC. Power drop caused by the flow resistance of gases ranges between 15 and 35 mbarfor mass flow rate 100-180 kg-h-1. We predict that the application of the new thermoelectric materials recently developed at AGH would increase the TEG power by up to 1 kW, would allow the increase of the powertrain system efficiency by about 5 %, and a corresponding reduction of C02 emission.
Emissions of the combustion engine as a source of cold for its extreme intercooling
Authors: HLAVŇA Vladimír , KRAKOVSKÝ Jozef
Published: July 2021

This paper contains results of mathematical modeling connected with non-conventional energetic system using the cooling combustion engine (the engine cooling circle is the ejector of absorption cooling). We especially have focused on the influence of a more intensive cooling on the engine ecological parameters. The paper is a continuation of previous publications and focuses on the results of the designed mathematical model of particulate matter formation and its experimental verification under extreme intercooling. Our previous achievements were already presented on scientific conferences and in professional journals.
Analysis of combustion process in industrial gas engines powered with high methane and nitrified low-calorific gases
Authors: ROJEWSKI Jakub , ŚLEFARSKI Rafał , WAWRZYNIAK Jacek
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of an investigation of gas engines used in the Polish system of natural gas transmission. The investigation concerned both four-stroke and two-stroke engines. The engines were fed with two kinds of gas fuel – low-calorific natural gas containing 54.5 % of methane, and with high-methane (up to 95 %) natural gas. Combustion in both types of engines with different methods of mixture supply into the cylinder was analysed for different parameters. The paper also presents numerical computations of basic physical values characterizing combustion of gas fuels in engines. The computations were made with Cantera numerical code based on the mechanism of elementary reactions occurring while burning methane GRI 3.0 for various molar fractions of methane in the gas fuel.
Commercial operation of the biogas cogeneration set with the JMS 316 GS-B.LC GE JENBACHER type engine
Authors: DUŻYŃSKI Adam
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses three years commercial operation to date of the Biogas Cogeneration Set driven with the JMS 316 GS-B.LC GE JENBACHER type engine, which has been operating in the WARTA S.A. Sewage Treatment Plant of Czestochowa since the end of December 2008. The analysis covered the CHP Sets operation and shutdown times, number of start-ups and availability, electric energy and heat generation, and average hourly electric and thermal load; the Sewage Treatment Plants electric energy and heat balance and the degree of coverage of its electric energy and heat demand by its own production; the unit biogas consumption by the CHP Set; the service work carried out on, and failures of the CHP Set; and the economic effects gained from the operation of the Set. The study is a continuation of the authors previous publications [3, 6, 7, 8] and, jointly with them, constitutes a unique compendium of knowledge for future operators of CHP biogas sets in the form of a collection of actual operational data for one of the most representative biogas cogeneration sets operated in domestic sewage plants in terms of electric power (approx. 0.8 MW).
A simulation study of turbocharger intake leakage on its efficiency
Authors: IDZIOR Marek , BIELIŃSKI Maciej , BOROWCZYK Tomasz , DASZKIEWICZ Paweł , STOBNICKI Paweł
Published: July 2021

The paper presents a design of a selected turbocharger. A controlled damage has been described and discussed: An aftermath of an introduction of a foreign body into the impeller has been presented. The observations were made on a microscopic scale with small (50x) enhancements.
A comparison of the exhaust emission of a vehicle fuelled with different ethanol-petrol blends
Authors: BIELACZYC Piotr , KLIMKIEWICZ Dariusz , SZCZOTKA Andrzej , WOODBURN Joseph
Published: July 2021

Due to limited fossil fuel resources and a need to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions, biofuel usage is increasing in multiple markets. Ethanol produced from the fermentation of biomass has been of interest as a potential partial replacement for petroleum for some time; for spark-ignition engines, bioethanol is the alternative fuel which is currently of greatest interest. At present, the international market for ethanol fuel consists of E85 fuel (with 85 percent ethanol content), as well as lower concentrations of ethanol in petrol for use in standard vehicles (e.g. E5, E10). The potential
for reduced exhaust emissions, improved security of fuel supply and more sustainable fuel production makes work on the production and usage of ethanol and its blends an increasingly important research topic. This paper evaluates the possibility of using petrol-ethanol blends in a modern Euro 5 vehicle without substantial engine modification. The influence of different quantities of ethanol in ethanol-petrol blends (E5, E10, E25, E50 and E85) on the emission measurement of the gaseous pollutants carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) for a passenger car were analysed over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) on a chassis dynamometer. The results obtained revealed that exhaust emissions are affected by the proportion of ethanol in the blend. The air:fuel ratio (λ) and exhaust temperature also varied. Increased fuel consumption was found to broadly correlate with blend energetic content for all blends. The experimental work presented in this paper was performed at BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute as part of a test program evaluating biofuels’ influence on light-duty petrol engines for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles.
An evaluation of particle oxidation catalyst (POC) performance and a study of particle formation for sulphur containing diesel fuels
Authors: KESKINEN Jorma , RÖNKKÖ Topi , KARJALAINEN Panu , HAPPONEN Matti , BIELACZYC Piotr , SALA Rafał , DZIDA Jakub , KINNUNEN Toni , MATILAINEN Pekka , MESSING Maria E.
Published: July 2021

This paper describes and analyses the overall impact of fuel sulphur content on particulate oxidation catalyst (POC) performance, focusing mainly on particulates emission reduction and the ability to regenerate. Studies were carried out for diesel fuels containing different levels of sulphur, covering the range from 6 to 340 parts per million. The results presented in this paper give an outlook on specific issues and problems associated with POC application when running on fuels containing high sulphur level. The test methodology was experimentally established and then applied for POC catalysts to run on different sulphur level fuels. Each fuel was tested on an identical fresh POC sample. It was observed that the Fuel Sulphur Content (FSC) significantly affects catalyst conversion efficiency, as well as the particle size distribution. It also has a remarkable influence on particulate matter (PM) mass accumulation inside the POC and on the ability of the POC to regenerate passively. Regarding the latter aspect, NO2 formation was also determined. Extended test results and analyses presented in this paper are presented in SAE technical paper 2012-01-0366 [1].
Emissions calibration yesterday, today and tomorrow
Authors: MARTINI Eike , COGHLAN Neil
Published: July 2021

The ever increasing complexity in engine control systems and diagnostics functionality, which are vital to meet current and future emissions legislation, presents the industry with the problem of increased programme development and labour costs. As the degree of subsystem complexity intensifies, so too does the requirement for anticipatory driving behaviour knowledge; thereby introducing predictive operating strategies into drivetrain management systems. For example, it is possible to improve the accuracy of gear pre-selection calibrations in dual clutch transmissions by including GPS and gradient sensor data as input parameters; thus improving the off-cycle fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Similarly, benefits can be found by avoiding frequent changes in the combustion engine's operating point or taking the engine's cold start behaviour into account, as well as the effectiveness of the exhaust after-treatment systems, etc. The calibration of conventional powertrain systems are often only solvable with significant effort and the calibration of hybrid management systems are becoming just as complex. Therefore, a future that will require a deeper integration of more complex technologies without the support of structured methodologies, the trade-offs for CO2 and other regulated emissions, performance, comfort, cost and effort cannot be efficiently found. This paper intends to present a standardised approach with which the immense effort in the measurement and simulation of these variables is significantly supported by methods of statistical based test planning, model generation and optimisation, which can be implemented across a wide variety of increasingly flexible development environments. A vision is presented of how the methodologies and tools that are being used today can be adapted in the future to enable engineers to continue to deliver industrialised calibrations that meet the growing legal requirements and fulfil customers’ expectations.
Experimental investigation on lubricity of 2,5-dimethylfuran blends
Authors: ESLAMI Farshad , WYSZYNSKI Miroslaw Lech , TSOLASKIS Athanasios , XU Hongming , NOROUZI Shahrouz , DEARN Karl
Published: July 2021

Spark ignition engines fuelled with alternative fuels are the topic of many studies. As alternatives for gasoline, ethanol and recently 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) have been investigated for their different properties. Lubricity analysis of fuels in fuel systems is vital because of the lubricating role of fuel. Lubricity of gasoline and its alternatives became important since introduction of direct-injection gasoline fuel pump with high injection pressure becoming closer to diesel pumps. Therefore, this work examines the lubricity properties of gasoline and its blends with alternative fuels using a HFRR lubricity test rig. Results showed that DMF as an additive to gasoline improved the lubricity of blend; this effect was increasing with the percentage of DMF. These results can be compared with DMF-ethanol blends which displayed the same pattern but with lower enhancing role of DMF. The DMF fuel was kept in storage for seven months and then the same experiments were repeated (DMF Ageing). Smaller wear scar and better lubricity effects were achieved by using the aged DMF. These results highlight the potential of DMF to become an additive for gasoline and its alternatives.
DPF regeneration with high sulfur fuel
Authors: MAYER Andreas , CZERWINSKI Jan , BONSACK Peter , KARVONEN Lassi
Published: July 2021

During the first decade of Diesel particle filter development and deployment in cars, trucks, buses and underground sites, DPF regeneration methods were engineered to be compatible with the then prevalent high sulfur content in the fuel > 2000 ppm. The mainly used methods were burners, electrical heaters, replaceable filters and non-precious metal fuel additives. Low sulfur Diesel fuel became only available from 1996 in Sweden, 1998 in Switzerland, and after 2000 everywhere in Europe. Thus, the deployment of precious metal catalytic converters was feasible both as original equipment and retrofitting of in-use engines. The so-called CRT particle filters using PGM-catalysis for providing NO2 for low temperature regeneration became very successful wherever ULSD was available. However, in many applications, e.g. off-road and in the construction industry, Diesel engines continued to run on high sulfur fuel and in many emerging countries, even on-road Diesel fuel still contains between 1000 and 2000 ppm sulfur. These countries suffer very much from air pollution through increasing Diesel particle emissions and the high impact of black carbon particles on human health as well as on the global warming is worrying. Hence, the necessity for modern particle filters which are compatible with high sulfur content of the fuel. In the context of Chinese megalopolis, this paper reports investigation of a fuel which is typical for China (containing > 1000 ppm sulfur) and compares results with European standard Diesel fuel. The test objects were two modern SiC particle filters, which were regenerated using different iron-based FBC. The combustion attributes of the soot were investigated by TGA and their EC/OC composition was examined. The results indicate that at the given test conditions the fuel sulfur does not significantly change the filters’ physical and chemical properties. Neither the filter particle loading process nor the filter regeneration is noticeably different for the high sulfur test fuel compared to the ultra-low sulfur European fuel. Therefore VERT-verified iron-based FBC-type DPF can be used in countries where ULSD is not yet available.
The analysis of the potential for the use of gaseous fuels in the municipal bus transport in Poland – part 1
Authors: GIS Wojciech , MENES Edward , WAŚKIEWICZ Jerzy
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses issues related to the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in combustion engines particularly in municipal bus transport. The ecological aspects of the use of natural gas in road transport have been analyzed particularly the exhaust emissions in comparison to the emissions from diesel engines. Advantages and disadvantages of natural gas fueling as well as the current level of CNG use in transport have been presented both in Poland and worldwide. The authors have also indicated the motivating arguments for the use of natural gas.
Chosen aspects of biofuel usage on the example of camelina oil methyl ester
Authors: NIEWCZAS Andrzej , GIL Leszek , IGNACIUK Piotr
Published: July 2021

Camelina is the oil plant, from which the oil subjected to the esterification process can be used as motor fuel to diesel engines or as a bio-component added to traditional fuels. This fuel can be considered as a renewable fuel that can be bio-component for petroleum fuels. The article describes the characteristics of this fuel, and presents selected results of engine tests of camelina oil methyl ester compared with diesel fuel and rapeseed oil methyl esters. The interesting results that would require in the future to increase the interest in this type of fuel were obtained.
Determinants of National Gross Domestic Product among Disaggregated Development Expenditure Schemes: An Experience of Indian Economy during 1990-91 to 2004-05
Authors: Saiyed Saiyedali Ahmedmiya
Published: July 2021

This paper is a study which examines what are the determinants of National Gross Domestic Product. In India various disaggregated development expenditure schemes undertaken during period of 1990-91 to 2004-05 have a significant influence on determination of National Gross Domestic Product. Here association between cross-sectional disaggregated development expenditure schemes and year-wise number of National Gross Domestic Product in India is estimated by a Multivariate Regression Model Analysis. Cross-sectional analysis shows significant association between year-wise number of gross domestic product and disaggregated development expenditure schemes in terms of Agriculture and Allied Activities, Rural Development, Irrigation and Flood Control, Energy, Industries and Minerals, Transport, Education, Health Including Medical, and Others Services, included together jointly in the model, have positive influence on the determination of Gross Domestic ProductÂ  in the Indian economy.
Trade Liberalisation, Technological Change and Skill-Specific Unemployment
Authors: Engelmann Sabine
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to formalise a two-country model of trade liberalisation and technological change with heterogeneous firms and search-and-matching frictions in the labour market. By considering different sectors and factors of production we allow for comparative advantages and study the trade and technology effects within and between sectors on wages and employment of skilled and low-skilled workers. Technological change together with inter-sectoral trade has distributional consequences across the labour force, favouring the skilled against the low-skilled workers. Intra-sectoral trade counteracts as it increases the demand for low-skilled workers, too. The overall effects on wages and employment of skilled and low-skilled workers depend on the extent of technological change, inter-sectoral trade and intra-sectoral trade.
Experiência da mundialização como experiência hermenêutica: Habermas, Gadamer e cosmopolitismo / The experience of cultural globalization as hermeneutic experience: Habermas, Gadamer and cosmopolitanism
Authors: Bosco Estevão
Published: July 2021

A questão central que este artigo aborda consiste em saber se as teorias da modernização e do cosmopolitismo formuladas por Habermas nos permitem lidar com os desafios que a mundialização (cultura) coloca para a teoria social crítica. Por meio de uma análise metateórica, argumento que as teorias da modernização e do cosmopolitismo de Habermas estão ancoradas em um conceito de sociedade  caracterizado por um auto-referenciamento cultural latente, a rigor, nacional, que nos impede de apreender o papel que o entrelaçamento cultural das sociedades cumpre na reprodução do mundo da vida e nas formas de socialização. Com base em análises sociológicas e antropológicas do cosmopolitismo, formulo uma hipótese hermenêutica interessada sociologicamente, que sustenta que, se partirmos das pré-condições hermenêuticas de nossa experiência do mundo (Gadamer), podemos delinear uma perspectiva complementar a Habermas que abrange a mundialização. Este artigo visa contribuir com os fundamentos ontológicos da teoria social crítica cosmopolita mediante o desvelamento de pré-condições de um tipo intercultural de entendimento mútuo. The primary question this article addresses is whether Habermas’ theory of modernization and cosmopolitanism successfully engages with the challenges to social theory posed by the experience of cultural globalization. Through a metatheoretical analysis, I argue that Habermas’s theory of modernization and cosmopolitanism is based on a concept of society characterized by a latent cultural self-referentialism, which prevents us from grasping the role that cultural entanglements among societies play in the reproduction of the lifeworld and in shaping socialization. Drawing on sociological and anthropological analyses of cosmopolitanism, I formulate a hermeneutical, sociologically-invested hypothesis which claims that Gadamer’s uncovering of the hermeneutical pre-conditions of our world experience can provide the foundations for a complementary perspective to Habermas’, helping cosmopolitan critical sociologists and social theorists better understand cultural globalization. This article aims to contribute to the identification of the ontological features of cosmopolitan critical social theory by disclosing pre-conditions of a concept of intercultural understanding.
Governamentalidade autocrática: repensando as racionalidades de governo em diálogo com Florestan Fernandes / Autocratic governmentality: rethinking government rationalities in dialogue with Florestan Fernandes
Authors: Silva Lucas Trindade da
Published: July 2021

Pretendo ler a reflexão de Florestan Fernandes sobre as resistências à mudança social e sobre a dominação autocrática nos termos do que o Foucault dos anos 1977-1979 chamou de governamentalidade. Assim, procurarei demonstrar como os padrões de ação, reação e práticas definidos como sociopatia irracional, racionalidade possível e racionalidade estratégica dos setores dominantes da sociedade brasileira ganham, em termos analíticos, quando entendidos como manifestações de uma mentalidade de governo autocrática. Mais do que enquadrar o sociólogo paulista no interior do aparato conceitual foucauldiano, pretendo demarcar, num esforço de simetria e enriquecimento recíproco, as suas contribuições para uma analítica das racionalidades de governo para, por fim, em diálogo com leituras mais recentes do capitalismo contemporâneo, sugerir a atualidade da sociologia crítica de Florestan Fernandes no esforço de elaboração de um diagnóstico do presente.I intend to read Florestan Fernandes' reflection on resistances to social change and on autocratic domination in terms of what Foucault of the years 1977-1979 called governmentality. Thus, I will try to demonstrate how the understanding of defined patterns of action, reaction and practices such as irrational sociopathy, possible rationality and strategic rationality of the dominant sectors of Brazilian society gain, in analytical terms, when understood as manifestations of an autocratic governmentality. More than framing the São Paulo sociologist within the Foucauldian conceptual apparatus, I intend to demarcate, in an effort of symmetry and reciprocal enrichment, his contributions to an analysis of government rationalities and, finally, in dialogue with more recent readings of contemporary capitalism, suggest the relevance of the critical sociology of Florestan Fernandes in the effort to elaborate a diagnosis of the present.
2014-2019 YILLARI ARASINDA GERÇEKLEŞEN ENDÜSTRİYEL TASARIM EĞİTİMİNDE ORTAK TEMEL TASARIM ÇALIŞTAYLARININ ETKİLERİ
Authors: ÖZSUCA Fatma Filiz
Published: July 2021

Tüm tasarım disiplinlerinde olduğu gibi Endüstriyel Tasarım eğitimi de “Temel Tasarım” ile başlar. Orta öğretimin sonuna kadar hiç karşılaşılmayan bir yöntemle ders yapmak, uygulamalı olarak soyut konuları görselleştirmek, öğrencilerin en çok zorlandığı aşamadır.

Türkiye’de günümüz verilerine göre 32 üniversitede Endüstriyel Tasarım eğitimi verilmektedir. Bu üniversitelerin 5 tanesinin bulunduğu Ankara’da 2014 yılında başlatılan bir çalıştay formatı ile eğitim öğretimde ortak, farklı yöntemler ile öğrenci profillerinin eğitimdeki etkileri gözlenmiştir. Çalıştay formatının amacı öğrenciler, öğretim elemanları ve ders içerikleri ile işleniş yöntemlerinin karşılıklı tanıtılması ve aynı eğitimi alan öğrencilerin ortak zeminde iş yapma becerisi elde edebilmesine yardımcı olmaktır. Çalıştay çıktısı olarak yapılan işlerin sergilenmesi de önemlidir. Aynı formatta toplam 3 çalıştay gerçekleşmiştir. 2017 sonrasında gerek üniversitelerdeki kontenjanın artması ve gerekse mekânsal sınırlılıklar sonucu farklı bir formatta çalıştaylar gerçekleşmiştir. Bu makalede ortak çalıştaylar ve farklı okullar ile Atılım Üniversitesi Endüstriyel Tasarımı Bölümü olarak katılım sağlanan ortak çalıştaylar incelenmiştir. Burada incelenen çalıştaylar dışında farklı okullar arasında ortak çalışmaların yapıldığı bilinmektedir.
''SOYLULAŞTIRMA'' KAVRAMI ÜZERİNDEN ÜRETİM YAPAN SANATÇILARA YÖNELİK BİR İNCELEME
Authors: DÜZCE Gülru , KURT Seher
Published: July 2021

Soylulaştırma, kapitalizmin belli bir evresinde ortaya çıkan bir dinamiğin parçası-o dinamiğin kentsel mekân düzeyinde yansımasıdır. Soylulaştırma eylemi ilk olarak 1950’li ve 60’lı yıllarda New York ve Londra gibi şehirlerinde ortaya çıkmış, içerdiği yerinden edilme boyutu nedeniyle 80’li ve 90’lı yıllar boyunca uzun tartışmalara neden olmuştur. Soylulaştırma, çok fazla dönüşüm sürecini tek bir çatıda topladığı için her bileşeninin kendi içerisinde değerlendirilmesi gerekir.

Soylulaştırma kavramı çoğu zaman sosyal politikalar ile desteklenmiş ve kentsel politika aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Kimi düşünürlere göre de; belli bir tarihsel ve kültürel bilince ulaşmadan sadece ‘fiziksel kılıflar’ d iyebileceğimiz ş ekilde y üzeysel o larak ü retilmiştir. Toplumsal g erçeklik o larak y aşadığımız mekânlardaki bu fiziksel k ılıflar, de ğişim ile değişmezlik ar asındaki ge lgitleri bi r ar ada ba rındırır. Soylulaştırma bağlamdan bağlama değişiklik yaşayan iktisadi içeriğinin yanı sıra kültürel yan anlamlarla da yüklü olduğu için oldukça karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu çalışmada soylulaştırmayı, insanların çevreye bilinçli olarak verdiği zararla silinmeye yüz tutan geçmişin izlerini taşıyan sanatsal üretimler açısından ‘yerinden edilen’ ve ‘yerine gelen’ bağlamında ele alacağız.
Globális identitás
Authors: Kiss Endre
Published: July 2021

Esszénkben egy hipotézist fejtünk ki napjaink globális világának három társadalmi képződményéről. Az elsőt a jóakarat társadalmának neveznénk. Legfontosabb közvetlen és pozitív meghatározottsága az értékorientált autonóm élet vágya, amely történetileg az 1989-es neoliberális, emberi jogi alapozású nyitányban gyökerezik. A második nagy csoportba (a második társadalomba) azok tartoznak, akikre nem jellemző ez a közvetlen értékorientáltság. Ők alkotják a számszerű többséget, de az összetételük közelebbi vizsgálatok szerint szociológiailag meglehetősen heterogén. A harmadik nagy csoportot (a harmadik társadalmat) azok képezik, akik empirikusan leírható, de szociológiai részleteiben még fel nem tárt módon tartoznak össze; ők azok, akiket a köznyelvben elitnek nevezünk. A három társadalom között igen komplex és heurisztikusan sok mindent megvilágító alap-kapcsolatok alakulnak ki.
Activities of US Grant Foundations and Non-Governmental Organizations in Central Asian Countries
Authors: Silakov N.
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the interrelation of the US grant foundations and non-governmental organizations with the civil society in Central Asia from 2000 to 2020. Main priorities of their activities in each country of the region and evolution of their approaches depending on domestic and foreign policy events and trends are explored. The dynamics of project activities of private foundations financing socio-humanitarian and socio-political spheres is also analyzed.
Kiev’s Big Manoeuvres – Military and Political Aspects
Authors: Tsedilina E.
Published: July 2021

The Ukrainian government refuses to implement the Minsk agreements in order to resolve the conflict in Donbass. After unsuccessful attempts to change the key points of these agreements in its favor Kiev has made a bet on a military solution of the conflict. However a real threat of Russian intervention has forced Ukraine to temporary abandon its aggressive plans. Along with preparation of a military offensive in the east, Bankovaya has launched a massive attack on the “western front”, trying, on the pretext of “Russian aggression”, to make its Western partners adopt a number of decisions in its interests.
Ukrainian Economy: Results of 2020
Authors: Krivogouz M.
Published: July 2021

The article sums up results of development of the main sectors of the Ukrainian economy in 2020. Recent and long-term structural changes are being analyzed. The conclusion is made that the COVID-19 blow was not fatal for the Ukrainian economy, but the trends of deindustrialization and dependence on western credits are on the increase.
International North–South Transportation Corridor in the Strategy of Russia
Authors: Malysheva D.
Published: July 2021

The history of the International North–South Transportation Corridor (INSTC) as well as its current formation has been analyzed through the prism of identifying Russian strategic interests and goals both in the Caspian region and in Eurasia as a whole. A hypothetical possibility of turning the INSTC into an alternative to the Suez Canal has been considered; the potential of other transport logistic projects (TRACECA, “Belt and Road Initiative”, etc.) has been correlated with the INSTC. Main directions of the INSTC routes have been examined taking Russia’s interests into account. In this context attention is paid to development of Russia’s southern regions and its Caspian seaports in the framework of the INSTC. Russia’s interaction with Iran and India, which are key participants of the INSTC, is taken into account. The prospects for the implementation of this project are identified also in terms of promoting the Eurasian integration process.
Main Vectors of Tashkent’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Ionova E.
Published: July 2021

Development of relations with the countries of Central Asia remains among main current priorities for Uzbekistan. The South Asian states have become a new priority vector of Tashkent's foreign policy. For development of relations with them a new railway route has been developed. At the same time, the importance of Afghanistan in the policy of Uzbekistan is increasing, which is reflected in the intensification of interaction between the two countries in both economic and political spheres. At the same time, some guidelines of Tashkent's policy towards Afghanistan are in line with the interests of the United States, which considers Uzbekistan as an important link in its policy in the region. The withdrawal of the US and NATO military contingent from Afghanistan, while high level of terrorist threat in the republic still exists, makes the problem of ensuring security of the southern borders of the CIS urgent for Russia. In this context, the signing of a strategic military partnership program between Moscow and Tashkent, contributing to strengthening of the defense capability of Uzbekistan, is an important step for ensuring the security of the entire Central Asian region.
Political Processes in the Post-Soviet Space (Through the Pages of the IMEMO Monograph)
Authors: Belashchenko D. , Medvedeva T. , Ryzhov I.
Published: July 2021

The reader is invited to the review of the IMEMO RAS collective monograph «Political processes in the post-Soviet space: new trends and old problems» (ed. by E.G. Solovyev and G.I. Chufrin. Moscow, 2020). The review notes the scientific relevance and practical significance of the monograph for modern science and foreign policy activities of modern Russia, as well as identifies most acute problems of new sovereign countries’ functioning after the collapse of the USSR. As a result, it is concluded that dynamics of the ongoing political and economic processes in the post-Soviet space, destabilization of the situation along the perimeter of Russia’s borders requires increased attention of the Russian political, economic, scientific, and cultural elites to the situation in the neighboring countries.
Authors: Ekasuci Anindya Widyasari , Maharani Laksmi , Ilma Dewi Latifatul
Published: July 2021

The use of fibrinolytic as a reperfusion therapy for STEMI patients has many benefits, but in its use, it is not yet decided whether fibrinolytic therapy is an effective therapy for STEMI patients. This study aimeds to evaluate and determine the effectiveness of fibrinolytic therapy for STEMI patients through a systematic review method. The selected articles PubMed and Cochrane that fulfilled the keyword search based on PICO (fibrinolytic or thrombolytic, effectiveness or efficacy), and were uploaded from 2010 to 2020 were included in this study.  The searching was conducted from 15 May 2020 untill 27 June 2020. From the total of 525 searches displayed, 17 articles were included in the inclusion criteria. Research showed that fibrinolytic with rescue PCI or as adjunctive therapy is an effective therapy in STEMI patients by increasing myocardial perfusion, epicardial flow, ST segment resolution, TIMI score, peak time to troponin reach, and reduce LVEF risk. Fibrinolytic therapy with rescue PCI or as adjunctive therapy is also effective in reducing infarct size and the risk of cardiogenic shock. Fibrinolytic as pharmacoinvasive therapy is an effective therapy for patients with a diagnosis of STEMI.
A Stylistic Analysis of Imperative Mood on Hannah Baker’s Monologue - 13 Reasons Why (Season 1)
Authors: Cahyani Rosa Gita , Hadiati Chusni , Yulianita Nadia Gitya
Published: July 2021

The appearance of a sentence that is continuously uttered by the speaker becomes a style or characteristic of the speaker. This can be seen in a series entitled 13 Reasons Why in which the main character, Hannah Baker, uttered many imperative moods. This research focuses on how the use of one form of sentences, namely imperative or what is called as imperative mood, can give a stylistic effect that appears on the utterances of Hannah Baker in a monologue. This research uses a qualitative method that aims 1) to find out the forms of the imperative mood; and 2) to find out the functions of the form of the imperative mood using the theory of Aikhenvald (2010). By observing and transcribing, the data can be found, which then can be identified to find out the imperative sentence, what form and function of it. Through these things, a conclusion can be drawn about how the character of Hannah Baker's is seen from the imperative mood that she utters and what meaning she wants to convey through the imperative mood. This research uses purposive sampling in collecting the data. Based on the results of the study, 54 imperatives mood were found in the monologue. The findings reveal two forms of imperatives namely canonical imperative as many as 77.78% and non-canonical imperative as many as 22.22%. The functions of imperatives found include: 1. Orders, commands, demands (only commands), 2. Requests, pleas, entreaties, 3. Advice, recommendations, warnings, 4. Instructions and expository directives, 5. Invitations, 6. Permission, 7. Acceptance, 8. Incredulous rejection, and 9. Self-deliberation. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the most dominant function is instruction, which is 16.67%. From this result, it can be known that Hannah Baker wanted to show each incident in detail that caused her suicide through her monologue in 13 Reasons Why (Season 1).
A Comparative Study: Anxiety as an Impact of Slavery in Toni Morrison’s Beloved and William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom!
Authors: Nugroho Bhakti Satrio
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the anxiety as an impact of slavery reflected in two outstanding African-American novels: Toni Morrison’s Beloved and William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom!. These novels are set in around the slavery period which shows how cruel and brutal slavery practices in the United States. The plots consist of some traditions and beliefs among White and African-American which have emerged since the antebellum period. By using a comparative approach, this paper focuses on the types of anxiety mentioned by Sigmund Freud. The analysis shows that both neurotic and moral anxieties play a pivotal psychological element throughout the intense “black-white” binary narratives. In this case, Toni Morrison’s Beloved consists of neurotic anxiety in the form of trauma experienced by Sethe and William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! consist of moral anxiety in the form of shame for having Negro bloodline in aristocrat Southern plantation culture. Both novels show that slavery, whether it stands as a tradition or as an economic value, has significantly shaped the direction of American society.
Relationship of social characteristics and local economic development (LED) activity for slum upgrading in Batik Thematic Village Semarang City
Authors: Ulamdhani Astrini Dewi , Sunarti Sunarti
Published: July 2021

The process of LED activities that starts from access to raw material, production, and product marketing will have an impact on the quality of settlements. The aspects of slum handling  affected by LED activities include: 1) street, 2) waste, and 3) garbage. The LED activities in this research are focused on 1) the business length and 2) income. The two variables of LED activity and slum handling will be assessed for correlation with social characteristics including: 1) gender, 2) education, 3) length of stay, and 4) family income. Research location is in Batik Thematic Village, Semarang City. The problems at the location in the form of environmental impacts due to the LED activities have not been supported by the involvement of LED actors. The non-optimal participation of LED actors can be seen from the lack of communal WWTP and waste banks. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of social characteristics and LED activities for slum upgrading. The study employed a quantitative approach, through a questionnaire technique with a population of 33 respondents. The data was processed through descriptive analysis. The results of the study illustrate that the longer the perpetrators stay,the longer the businesses start and the income get.  Meanwhile, based on gender and education level, there are no relations that affect LED activities. The social characteristics and slum upgrading has strong correlation with the aspects of the street. The aspect of waste has very weak correlation, while the garbage aspect has no relation. Street aspect has high correlation because business actors get benefit from LED product access. The waste aspect has weak correlation because there are few entrepreneurs do the process independently, while the garbage aspect does not exist due to the similarity of handling and retribution.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN SABUN BERBAHAN BAKU JELANTAH BAGI IBU PKK DI NAGORI DOLOK MARAJA KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN
Authors: Salman Rudi , Herlinawati  , Irfandi  , Endriani Dewi
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Scientifically soap is a mixture of sodium or potassium salts from fatty acids which can be derived from oil or fat which is reacted with lye (sodium or potassium hydroxide) through a saponification process. One of the raw materials for making soap is fat found in cooking oil waste (used for cooking). Dolok Maraja village has great potential in this soap-making business with the number of heads of families (KK) reaching 1449. Each month it produces  1 kg of cooking per family. So in 1 month about 1449 kg of used cooking is produced. The aim of the training on making used used soap is to develop the potential of the women of the Dolok Maraja Village PKK in creating soap products made from used cooking raw materials, which are household needs. The presenters and instructors from the Physics and Chemistry Education Study Program lecturers came to Dolok Maraja Village, then provided information and training to PKK women about making soap made from used cooking ingredients. Based on the results of the average score scores from the evaluation and mentoring carried out by the PKM Unimed team, the process of making solid soap which was followed by 10 participants was able to master immaterial in the Very Good category. For the manufacture of liquid soap with 16 participants in the Good category. Meanwhile, making dab soap is included in the category of not mastering because the process is quite long.

 

Abstrak

Secara ilmiah sabun merupakan campuran garam natrium atau kalium dari asam lemak yang dapat diturunkan dari minyak atau lemak yang direaksikan dengan alkali (natrium atau kalium hidroksida) melalui suatu proses saponifikasi. Salah satu bahan baku pembuat sabun adalah lemak yang terdapat pada limbah minyak goreng (jelantah). Desa Dolok Maraja sangat berpotensi dalam usaha pembuatan sabun ini dengan jumlah Kepala Keluarga (KK) mencapai 1449. Setiap bulannya menghasilkan jelantah  1 Kg/keluarga. Maka dalam 1 bulannya dihasilkan sekitar 1449 kg jelantah. Tujuan  pelatihan pembuatan sabun berbahan baku jelantah ini adalah untuk mengembangkan potensi ibu-ibu PKK Desa Dolok Maraja dalam menciptakan produk sabun berbahan baku jelantah yang merupakan kebutuhan dalam rumah tangga. Pemateri beserta instruktur dari dosen Prodi Pendidikan Fisika dan Kimia datang ke Desa Dolok Maraja, kemudian memberikan informasi dan pelatihan kepada ibu-ibu PKK tentang pembuatan sabun berbahan baku jelantah. Berdasarkan hasil rata-rata skor nilai dari evaluasi dan pendampingan yang dilakukan oleh tim PKM Unimed, proses pembuatan sabun padat yang diikuti 10 pesert, mampu menguasa imateri dengan kategori Sangat Baik. Untuk pembuatan sabun cair dengan 16 peserta berkategori Baik. Sedangkan untuk pembuatan sabun colek termasuk dalam kategori kurang menguasai karena prosesnya cukup panjang.
PEMANFAATAN LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS) BAGI GURU SMK DESAIN PEMODELAN DAN INFORMASI BANGUNAN DI KAB/KOTA BEKASI
Authors: Ramadhan M. Agphin , Maulana Arris , Kusumarini Aisyah , Apriliany Anggi , Haryani Melinda Putri , Rismana Ega , Rizky Dhio Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The Covid-19 Pandemic has forced schools to organize online learning. Not all teachers understand the concept of the Learning Management System (LMS). It happened to the teachers of the Building Information and Modeling Design Skills Competency at SMKN 6 Bekasi City and SMKN 1 Cikarang Barat. This community service activity is an online workshop. The purpose of this activity is to improve teachers' understanding of the LMS concept. The findings show that the LMS development model most used by teachers is by the utility and most of the teachers use Google Classroom as their LMS platform. This activity can improve teachers' understanding of the LMS concept. It indicates the increase in value from 43.56 (pretest) to 60.89 (posttest).

Abstrak

Adanya Pandemic Covid-19 memaksa sekolah untuk menyelenggarakan pembelajaran online. Pada kenyataannya, tidak semua guru paham mengenai konsep Learning Management System (LMS). Hal inilah yang terjadi pada guru Kompetensi Keahlian Desain Pemodelan dan Informasi Bangunan di SMKN 6 Kota Bekasi dan SMKN 1 Cikarang Barat. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk loka karya secara daring. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman guru mengenai konsep LMS. Hasil temuan didapat bahwa model pengembangan LMS yang paling banyak digunakan guru adalah by utility dan LMS yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Google Classroom. Kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman guru mengenai konsep LMS. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari peningkatan nilai dari 43,56 (pretest) menjadi 60,89 (posttest).
WORKSHOP PEMBUATAN PROPOSAL PTK DAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA KULINER DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN KESEJAHTERAAN DI JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Solihatin Etin , Sukardjo Moch , Ibnu Syarifain Roby , Lagun Siang Jhony
Published: July 2021

Abstract

This research was designed to develop the ability to make the Classroom Action Research Proposal and culinary business in tekwan production. The teacher could not fulfil the promotion requirement because of the lack of ability to create an classroom action research proposal. The other problem is how to develop a culinary business by making Tekwan as a new product to increase citizen prosperity. The solution to solve this first problem that used in this research were conducting Classroom Action Research Proposal Workshop, then continued with assistance in the creating process and providing resource reference to get funding by Ministry of Education and Culture through the internet. The solution that used for the second problem in this research was by practising in tekwan production, continued by teaching how to make an eye-catching package and accessing market to make a sustainable profit and achieving prosperity. This activity was carried during COVID-19 Pandemic through online media such as Zoom and Youtube by uploading video about Tekwan production https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9mlis3z7fCc. While the Classroom Action Research Proposal the workshop was upload by using the following link https://youtu.be/q_JRwwZyRzs with offline material such as Intellectual property right of Classroom Action Research Book EC00202017002.

 

Abstrak

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan membuat proposal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dan produktivitas usaha kuliner dalam pembuatan tekwan. Permasalahan pertama yang dihadapi dan sangat mendesak tentang kurangnya kemampuan membuat proposal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas bagi guru, sehingga syarat melaksanakan penelitian untuk kenaikan pangkat ada kendala. Permasalahan kedua bagaimana meningkatkan produktivitas usaha kuliner dalam rangkap pengembangan kesejahteraan. Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk masalah pertama yaitu melaksanakan workshop “Penelitian Tindakan Kelas”, dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan proposal dan pendampingan/konsultasi, serta mencari sumber dana baik via internet maupun dengan Kemendikbud. Solusi untuk masalah kedua praktek kuliner, dilanjutkan bagaimana usaha memasarkannya, mengemas yang menarik. Produktivitas usaha kuliner lancar maka kesejahteraan akan mengiringi. Setelah dilakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat untuk produktivitas usaha kuliner dalam rangka pengembangan kesejahteraan, karena pandemi corona maka dilakukan secara online via Youtube: https://m.youtube.com/ watch?v=9mlis3z7fCc. Sedangkan pelatihan pembuatan proposal PTK dilakukan secara daring melalui zoom dan youtube dengan link sebagai berikut https://youtu.be/q_JRwwZyRzs dengan HKI buku PTK  EC00202017002.