bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AT2018fyk: Candidate Tidal Disruption Event by a (Super)Massive Black Hole Binary
Authors: Wen S. , Jonker P. G. , Levan A. J. , Li D. , Stone N. C. , Zabludoff A. I. , Cao Z. , Wevers T. , Pasham D. R. , Lewin C. , Kara E.
Published: July 2024

The tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2018fyk has unusual X-ray, UV, and optical light curves that decay over the first ∼600 days, rebrighten, and decay again around 1200 days. We explain this behavior as a one-off TDE associated with a massive black hole (BH) binary. The sharp drop-offs from t
−5/3 power laws at around 600 days naturally arise when one BH interrupts the debris fallback onto the other BH. The BH mass M
• derived from fitting X-ray spectra with a slim disk accretion model and, independently, from fitting the early UV/optical light curves, is smaller by 2 orders of magnitude than predicted from the M
•–σ
* host galaxy relation, suggesting that the debris is accreted onto the secondary, with the fallback cut off by the primary. Furthermore, if the rebrightening were associated with the primary, it should occur around 5000 days, not the observed 1200 days. The secondary’s mass and dimensionless spin is

M

•
,
s

=

2.7

−
1.5

+
0.5

×

10

5

M

⊙

and a
•,s > 0.3 (X-ray spectral fitting), while the primary’s mass is M
•,p = 107.7±0.4
M
⊙ (M
•–σ
* relation). An intermediate mass BH secondary is consistent with the observed UV/optical light-curve decay, i.e., the secondary’s outer accretion disk is too faint to produce a detectable emission floor. The time of the first accretion cutoff constrains the binary separation to be (6.7 ± 1.2) × 10−3 pc. X-ray spectral fitting and timing analyses indicate that the hard X-rays arise from a corona above the secondary’s disk. The early UV/optical emission, suggesting a super-Eddington phase for the secondary, possibly originates from shocks arising from debris circularization.
The COS-Holes Survey: Connecting Galaxy Black Hole Mass with the State of the CGM
Authors: Garza Samantha L. , Werk Jessica K. , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Tchernyshyov Kirill , Sanchez N. Nicole , Faerman Yakov , Rubin Kate H. R. , Bentz Misty C. , Davies Jonathan J. , Burchett Joseph N. , Crain Robert A. , Prochaska J. Xavier
Published: July 2024

We present an analysis of Hubble Space Telescope COS/G160M observations of C IV in the inner circumgalactic medium (CGM) of a novel sample of eight z ∼ 0, L ≈ L
⋆ galaxies, paired with UV-bright QSOs at impact parameters (R
proj) between 25 and 130 kpc. The galaxies in this stellar-mass-controlled sample (log10
M
⋆/M
⊙ ∼ 10.2–10.9 M
⊙) host supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with dynamically measured masses spanning log10
M
BH/M
⊙ ∼ 6.8–8.4; this allows us to compare our results with models of galaxy formation where the integrated feedback history from the SMBH alters the CGM over long timescales. We find that the C IV column density measurements (N
C IV; average log10
N
C IV,CH = 13.94 ± 0.09 cm−2) are largely consistent with existing measurements from other surveys of N
C IV in the CGM (average log10
N
C IV,Lit = 13.90 ± 0.08 cm−2), but do not show obvious variation as a function of the SMBH mass. By contrast, specific star formation rate (sSFR) is highly correlated with the ionized content of the CGM. We find a large spread in sSFR for galaxies with log10
M
BH/M
⊙ > 7.0, where the CGM C IV content shows a clear dependence on galaxy sSFR but not M
BH. Our results do not indicate an obvious causal link between CGM C IV and the mass of the galaxy’s SMBH; however, through comparisons to the EAGLE, Romulus25, and IllustrisTNG simulations, we find that our sample is likely too small to constrain such causality.
Evidence of Grain Alignment by Magnetically Enhanced Radiative Torques from Multiwavelength Dust Polarization Modeling of HL Tau
Authors: Thang Nguyen Tat , Diep Pham Ngoc , Hoang Thiem , Tram Le Ngoc , Ngoc Nguyen Bich , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Truong Bao
Published: July 2024

The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array has revolutionized the field of dust polarization in protoplanetary disks across multiple wavelengths. Previous observations and empirical modeling have suggested multiple mechanisms of dust polarization toward HL Tau, including grain alignment and dust scattering. However, a detailed modeling of dust polarization based on grain alignment physics is not yet available. Here, using an updated POLARIS code, we perform numerical modeling of dust polarization arising from both grain alignment by the magnetically enhanced radiative torque mechanism and self-scattering to reproduce the HL Tau polarization observed at three wavelengths of 0.87, 1.3, and 3.1 mm. Our modeling results show that the observed multiwavelength polarization could be reproduced only when large grains contain embedded iron inclusions and those with slow internal relaxation must have wrong internal alignment (i.e., the grain’s major axis parallel to its angular momentum). The abundance of iron embedded inside grains in the form of clusters is constrained to be ≳16%, and the number of iron atoms per cluster is N
cl ∼ 9 × 102. Maximum grain sizes probed at wavelengths of λ = 0.87, 1.3, and 3.1 mm are constrained at ∼60, 80, and 90 μm, respectively.
On Binary Formation from Three Initially Unbound Bodies
Authors: Atallah Dany , Weatherford Newlin C. , Trani Alessandro A. , Rasio Frederic A.
Published: July 2024

We explore three-body binary formation (3BBF), the formation of a bound system via gravitational scattering of three initially unbound bodies (3UB), using direct numerical integrations. For the first time, we consider systems with unequal masses, as well as finite-size and post-Newtonian effects. Our analytically derived encounter rates and numerical scattering results reproduce the 3BBF rate predicted by Goodman & Hut for hard binaries in dense star clusters. We find that 3BBF occurs overwhelmingly through nonresonant encounters and that the two most-massive bodies are never the most likely to bind. Instead, 3BBF favors pairing the two least-massive bodies (for wide binaries) or the most- plus least-massive bodies (for hard binaries). 3BBF overwhelmingly favors wide-binary formation with superthermal eccentricities, perhaps helping to explain the eccentric wide binaries observed by Gaia. Hard-binary formation is far rarer, but with a thermal eccentricity distribution. The semimajor axis distribution scales cumulatively as a
3 for hard and slightly wider binaries. Although mergers are rare between black holes when including relativistic effects, direct collisions occur frequently between main-sequence stars—more often than hard 3BBF. Yet, these collisions do not significantly suppress hard 3BBF at the low-velocity dispersions typical of open or globular clusters. Energy dissipation through gravitational radiation leads to a small probability of a bound, hierarchical triple system forming directly from 3UB.
The Impact of Anisotropic Sky Sampling on the Hubble Constant in Numerical Relativity
Authors: Macpherson Hayley J.
Published: July 2024

We study the impact of nearby inhomogeneities on an observer’s inference of the Hubble constant. Large-scale structures induce a dependence of cosmological parameters on observer position as well as an anisotropic variance of those parameters across an observer’s sky. While the former has been explored quite thoroughly, the latter has not. Incomplete sampling of an anisotropic sky could introduce a bias in our cosmological inference if we assume an isotropic expansion law. In this work, we use numerical relativity simulations of large-scale structure combined with ray tracing to produce synthetic catalogs mimicking the low-redshift Pantheon supernova (SN) data set. Our data contain all general-relativistic contributions to fluctuations in the distances and redshifts along geodesics in the simulation. We use these synthetic observations to constrain H
0 for a set of randomly positioned observers. We study both the dependence on observer position as well as the impact of rotating the sample of SNe on the observer’s sky. We find a 1%–2% variance in H
0 between observers when they use an isotropic sample of objects. However, we find the inferred value of H
0 can change by up to 3%–6% when observers simply rotate their Pantheon data set on the sky. While the variances we find are below the level of the “Hubble tension,” our results may suggest a reduction in the significance of the tension if anisotropy of expansion can be correctly accounted for.
Observational Evidence for Magnetic Field Amplification in SN 1006
Authors: Tao Moeri , Kataoka Jun , Tanaka Takaaki
Published: July 2024

We report the first observational evidence for magnetic field amplification in the northeast/southwest (NE/SW) shells of supernova remnant SN 1006, one of the most promising sites of cosmic ray acceleration. In previous studies, the strength of magnetic fields in these shells was estimated to be B
SED ≃ 25 μG from the spectral energy distribution, where the synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons accounted for radio to X-rays, along with the inverse Compton emission extending from the GeV to TeV energy bands. However, the analysis of broadband radio data, ranging from 1.37 to 100 GHz, indicated that the radio spectrum steepened from α
1 = 0.52 ± 0.02 to α
2 = 1.34 ± 0.21 by Δα = 0.85 ± 0.21. This is naturally interpreted as a cooling break under a strong magnetic field of B
brk ≥ 2 mG. Moreover, the high-resolution MeerKAT image indicated that the width of the radio NE/SW shells was broader than that of the X-ray shell by a factor of only 3−20, as measured by Chandra. Such narrow radio shells can be naturally explained if the magnetic field responsible for the radio emissions is B
R ≥ 2 mG. Assuming that the magnetic field is locally enhanced by a factor of approximately a = 100 along the NE/SW shells, we argue that the filling factor, which is the volume ratio of such a magnetically enhanced region to that of the entire shell, must be as low as approximately k = 2.5 × 10−5.
Radio Recombination Line Observations toward the Fermi Bubble
Authors: Luisi Matteo , Krishnarao Dhanesh , Butterfield Natalie O. , Anderson Loren D. , Salas Pedro , Fox Andrew J. , Lockman Felix J. , Benjamin Robert A.
Published: July 2024

We use Green Bank Telescope radio recombination line (RRL) observations to constrain the morphology of warm ionized gas in the Fermi Bubble. Our limits on hydrogen RRL emission allow us to constrain the emission measure of the ionized gas and to estimate the beam filling factor of previous Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper observations. Our results indicate that the warm ionized gas on the Fermi Bubble boundary spans at least 1000 pc2 with a depth of less than a pc, suggesting either a sheet-like structure or a structure consisting of many small clumps. Our data will enable us to properly calibrate future Hα observations and aid in calculating the Lyman continuum flux needed to maintain the ionized gas.
Use of a novel nesting material by the spider wasp Dipogon variegatus (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae)
Authors: Albacete Sergio , Sancho Gonzalo , Bosch Jordi
Published: July 2024

A female spider wasp Dipogon variegatus was filmed stealing fragments of pollen-nectar provision from a solitary bee (Osmia cornuta) nest and using them for the construction of her nest. The female wasp applied the sticky fragments of the pollen-nectar provision to the outer surface of her closing nest plug, thus gluing together pieces of debris filling the nesting cavity. Previous descriptions of D. variegatus nests indicate that females of this species usually use spider silk to provide cohesion to the nest plug. Our observations provide an example of behavioural plasticity and innovation in the use of nesting materials. We describe the structure of the nest and the sequence of emergence of the progeny.
A review of the genus Zygota (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) in Germany with taxonomic notes on this genus and its distinction from Pantoclis
Authors: Hübner Jeremy , Chemyreva Vasilisa , Macek Jan , Kolyada Victor
Published: July 2024

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the genus Zygota Förster combining DNA barcoding and current morphology. Nineteen species of Zygota were found throughout Germany, including the newly described species Zygota wallisp. nov. First species records for Germany are: Zygota balteata Macek, 1997; Z. comitans Macek, 1997; Z. spinosipes (Kieffer, 1908); Z. sordida Macek, 1997; Z. angularis Macek, 1997 and Z. vigil Nixon, 1957. We also clarify diagnoses for the two related genera, Pantoclis Förster and Zygota to designate the boundaries of the Zygota genus and propose new synonymies: Zygota caligula Buhl, 1997 is a junior synonym of Z. congener (Zetterstedt, 1840); Z. reticulata Kozlov, 1978 is a junior synonym of Z. ruficornis (Curtis, 1831). Thirteen species of Zygota sensu Nixon (1957) are transferred to the genus Pantoclis with the following new combinations proposed: Zygota brevinervis (Kieffer, 1908) (= Pantoclis brevinervis (Kieffer, 1909), comb. nov.); Z. brevipennis (Kieffer, 1908) (= P. brevipennis (Kieffer, 1908), comb. nov.); Z. caecutiens (Kieffer, 1908) (= P. caecutiens (Kieffer, 1908), comb. nov.); Z. cursor (Kieffer, 1908) (= P. cursor (Kieffer, 1908), comb. nov.); Z. fossulata (Thomson, 1858) (=P. fossulata (Thomson, 1858), comb. nov.); Z. fuscata (Thomson, 1858) (= P. fuscata (Thomson, 1858), comb. nov.); Z. hemiptera (Thomson, 1858) (= P. hemiptera (Thomson, 1858), comb. nov.); Z. microtoma (Kieffer, 1909) (= P. microtoma (Kieffer, 1909), comb. nov.); Z. soluta (Kieffer, 1907) (= P. soluta (Kieffer, 1907), comb. nov.); Z. striata (Kieffer, 1909) (= P. striata (Kieffer, 1909), comb. nov.); Z. subaptera (Thomson, 1858) (= P. subaptera (Thomson, 1858), comb. nov.); Z. sulciventris (Kieffer, 1909) (= P. sulciventris (Kieffer, 1909), comb. nov.), and Z. unicolor (Kieffer, 1908) (= P. unicolor (Kieffer, 1908), comb. nov.).
Corrigendum: Liu W-B, Wang C-Y, Tang Y-N, Wang Y, Pei W-X, Yan C-C (2024) Six new species of Cryptochironomus Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Nearctic region. ZooKeys 1200: 275–302. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1200.119225
Authors: Liu Wen-Bin , Wang Cheng-Yan , Tang Ya-Ning , Wang Ying , Pei Wen-Xuan , Yan Chun-Cai
Published: July 2024

Corrigendum: Liu W-B, Wang C-Y, Tang Y-N, Wang Y, Pei W-X, Yan C-C (2024) Six new species of Cryptochironomus Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Nearctic region. ZooKeys 1200: 275–302. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.1200.119225
Les inégalités sociales à l’école,en parler sans démobiliser : articuler sociologie et psychologie sociale
Authors: Duru-Bellat Marie
Published: July 2024

Alors que la sociologie se targue volontiers de « défataliser », selon l’expression de Bourdieu et Passeron, la présentation de ses résultats est souvent démobilisatrice tant le déterminisme apparaît écrasant. Pour déjouer ce risque, le sociologue peut certes pointer les limites de ses propres analyses, mais surtout il doit s’ouvrir aux perspectives (et aux résultats) d’autres disciplines qui éclairent la dimension « micro » des phénomènes scolaires ; c’est le cas, souvent, des sciences de l’éducation mais aussi, alors qu’elle est moins souvent mobilisée, de la psychologie sociale. L’article présente une brève synthèse de l’apport de cette discipline à la compréhension d’un ressort crucial de la reproduction des inégalités sociales à l’école, à savoir l’intériorisation de l’idéologie méritocratique.
Accords et désaccords : la création d’un collectif inter-degrés en éducation prioritaire
Authors: Lecomte Chloé
Published: July 2024

À partir de 2013, la création d’un cycle 3 réunissant les enseignants des classes de CM1, CM2 et de 6 e conduit à intensifier le travail collectif inter-degrés. Dans les réseaux d’éducation prioritaire, des dispositifs locaux sont mis en place pour soutenir la constitution de collectifs de travail du cycle 3 s’accordant sur des pratiques professionnelles communes en faveur de la réussite scolaire des élèves. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée dans un réseau d’éducation prioritaire et portant sur la mise en œuvre d’un dispositif de travail collectif, cet article donne à voir le processus par lequel les enseignants des écoles et du collège parviennent (ou pas) à élaborer ces accords. Dans la perspective des théories de l’activité, il met en évidence certaines conditions spécifiques à la formation de ce collectif enseignant dans le cadre d’un dispositif de travail collectif.
Ensuring Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Social Sciences Research
Authors: Mosbah Aissa
Published: July 2024

Social sciences (SS) researchers have produced far less qualitative than quantitative research. This is due to many factors including particularly the lack of straightforward and easy-to-implement guidelines that would help researchers in the process of ensuring research rigor through reliability, validity, and/or other concepts. Nonetheless, the extant literature shows that most qualitative research measures on research rigor were developed in nursing, which is a natural science discipline, and that social science researchers often adopt these measures in their works. This chapter focuses on multiculturalism in business management discipline, as a rapidly growing field of the SS. While multiculturalism has become a key feature and a determinant of organizational success in today's rapidly globalized business environments, it may be a source of bias in qualitative research. Most importantly, the chapter develops a set of measures/techniques that will aid qualitative social science researchers, and business researchers specifically, on how to ensure research rigor.
Adolescent Mental Health in the Digital Era
Authors: Luma Nita Beluli , Xhelili Arta , Ollogu Elisabeta Bajrami , Ismaili Diturije
Published: July 2024

Keywords Adolescent, digitalization, mental health, parenting style, social media
Parenting in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Bajwa Ruqia Safdar , Yunus Asma , Saeed Hina , Zulfqar Asia
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the evolving dynamics of parenting in the age of artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing the dual roles of parents as both guardians and facilitators in the digital realm. With the integration of AI into everyday life, parenting transforms, confronting new challenges, and harnessing opportunities to influence child development positively. Drawing on recent studies, this work highlights the early engagement of children with AI, revealing that children as young as six years old formulate their own metaphors and perspectives on AI, and utilize it in ways that significantly impact their learning processes and emotional well-being. The chapter discusses how AI revolutionizes education by providing personalized learning experiences and monitoring children's emotional and physical states, while also examining the potential pitfalls, including digital addiction, privacy concerns, and the risk of technology interference in parent-child interactions.
Screentime and Identity Formation as a Digital Dilemma
Authors: Bajwa Ruqia Safdar , Yunus Asma
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the relationship between screen time and identity formation, specifically for adolescents and young individuals. It discusses how digital media can benefit and challenge personal expression and social connectivity. The chapter examines the dynamic interplay between screen time and identity development, highlighting the potential risks related to cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and mental health issues. It emphasizes the important role of educators and parents in guiding youth through their digital engagement and advocates for a balanced approach to digital consumption that fosters positive digital citizenship and well-being. The chapter also explores the impact of emerging technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and personalization algorithms, on the evolving concept of digital identity.
Generation AI in a Reimagined Classroom
Authors: Jackaria Potchong M. , Hajan Bonjovi H. , Mastul Al-Rashiff H. , Sali Fatima Zahra
Published: July 2024

This chapter aims to conduct a review of existing literature on the artificial intelligence applications in education in the context of generation AI students. Particularly, this chapter looks into opportunities and challenges through the systematics literature review. Challenges identified include the risk of youth over-reliance on AI, and the widening of the digital divides between the privilege and the underprivilege youth. Educators and practitioners are concerned on the potential bias of AI algorithm, privacy, and the ethical issues, especially when children use AI. On the other hand, some opportunities emerged including the automation of many routine tasks, the delivery of personalized learning tailored to students' abilities and interest and the giving of real-time feedback. This chapter suggests for the inclusion of AI literacy in schools as this will be needed in the future workplace. Ethical, privacy and safety issues should also be freely discussed in schools involving youth so that they can make better decisions.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching Turkish to Foreigners and Chat GPT Assessment for Writing Skills
Authors: Uzun Cemile
Published: July 2024

There are many benefits of adapting artificial intelligence to foreign language teaching. In this study, the adaptation of ChatGPT to teach Turkish to foreigners is discussed. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of using ChatGPT against traditional methods in developing writing skills in foreign language teaching. Experimental and control groups were formed to investigate the importance of ChatGPT in teaching Turkish to foreigners. The groups were exposed to A2-B1 level writing activities for six weeks. At the end of the activities, students were given feedback by both ChatGPT and teachers. Which of the feedbacks was more effective was evaluated. It was determined which of the ChatGPT and traditional methods was more effective in developing writing skills.
Impact of AI on Diversity and Inclusion
Authors: Yunus Asma , Mushtaq Shahzad Khaver , Bajwa Ruqia Safdar
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful force, revolutionizing industries worldwide. Its transformative capabilities extend beyond mere automation, shaping the way we work, innovate, and make decisions. In this chapter, the authors explore how AI is reshaping healthcare and financial sectors, driving efficiency, accuracy, and customer satisfaction. AI is undoubtedly revolutionizing industries globally, providing innovative solutions that enhance productivity, stimulate innovation, and push the boundaries of decision-making.
Sustainability and Environmental Considerations in Friction Stir Processing of Hybrid Composites
Authors: Senthilkumar V. , Nagadeepan A.
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the environmental effect and sustainability of friction stir processing (FSP) in hybrid composites. Compared to conventional techniques like fusion welding, FSP offers increased recyclability, less emissions, and less energy usage. Nevertheless, there are still difficulties in maximizing FSP procedures to reduce ecological impact. The chapter covers the effects of process parameters and tool design, the potential of FSP to eliminate errors and combine different materials, as well as its ramifications for the environment. A few tactics to increase FSP sustainability include process optimization, material selection, and recycling program implementation. The chapter also emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive lifecycle evaluations in order to gauge environmental effect and encourage the use of ecologically friendly composite material production techniques.
Navigating Joining Challenges in Friction Stir Welding of Hybrid Composite Structures
Authors: Mostafa Ahmad Omar
Published: July 2024

Joining hybrid composites is challenges due to the combination of different materials with varying physical, chemical and thermal properties, and their compatibility with FSW process. However, the components of a successful FSW joint must be selected based on their thermal properties. The heat input through increasing the tool rotational speed, tilt angle and plunge depth, and decreasing the traverse speed influences the FSW joint strength. A large shoulder tool diameter and concave profile along with short pins generates a high strength joint. The suitable tool material is selected based on the mechanical properties of the welded materials. Voids, bubbles, pores, and contact layer between the metal and polymer are the main internal defects in the FSW joints. Mechanical interlocking is the main bonding mechanism throughout the joining process. By addressing the challenges associated with joining hybrid composite structures using FSW techniques, engineers are eager to formulate a comprehensive procedure that makes FSW process possible for this newly developed class of materials.
Modeling the Future Simulation of Friction Stir Processing in Hybrid Composite Materials
Authors: Sharma Monika , Sharma Manju , Sharma Neerav
Published: July 2024

Friction stir processing (FSP) has revolutionized material science, especially with regard to improving hybrid composite materials. The importance of simulation in comprehending FSP dynamics, overcoming obstacles, and streamlining procedures is emphasized in this chapter. Researchers can obtain insights into intricate interactions by modeling material flow, temperature distribution, and microstructural changes. However, they must overcome constraints related to model complexity and resource consumption. Precision machine learning and sophisticated modeling are potential future applications. Notwithstanding these challenges, FSP understanding and optimization are much improved by simulation, which promotes further developments in hybrid composite materials.
The Views of Regulators Around the World
Authors: Ahiabenu Kwami , Olaleye Sunday Adewale
Published: July 2024

In discussing the future of money and financial systems, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) are now dominating the discourse; hence, understanding the perspectives of regulators, particularly central banks, and monetary authorities, is paramount in comprehending the global landscape of CBDC adoption and regulation. This chapter presents a systematic literature review of official publications published by central banks worldwide by synthesizing regulators' perspectives on CBDCs across different jurisdictions. This chapter synthesizes vital themes, trends, and insights about CBDCs by comprehensively analyzing central banks' publications. The authors find that official publications on CBDC by central banks are still at an early stage, highlighting the need for further research on perspectives by central banks about CBDC. Although many central banks indicated that they are undertaking CBDC research, their research output and public data are challenging to find.
Assessing the Role of Public-Private Partnership in the Deployment of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)
Authors: Shah Mushtaq Ahmed
Published: July 2024

As digitisation transforms the financial environment, central banks are introducing digital currencies. However, CBDC provision involves a wide range of complicated challenges, including technology developments, legal frameworks, and market dynamics. Public-private partnerships have emerged as a potential approach to provide CBDCs in this regard, using the capabilities of both sectors to achieve mutual goals. This chapter critically analyse public-private partnerships in CBDCs, providing a comprehensive understanding of CBDC partnerships by exploring various CBDCs models, their design and features, as well as the major problems in designing and implementing CBDCs. This study uses a mixed method approach of data collection and analysis to gather information on PPP in CBDC. The survey demonstrates that stakeholders across sectors agree on the significance of legal frameworks, security standards, and collaboration among government agencies, although there are slight differences in their focus on technological infrastructure, innovation, and public awareness.
Innovative Analysis of Student Management Path Based on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Integration
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Liu Qiang
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the application path and effect evaluation method of big data and artificial intelligence in college student management, aiming at promoting the intelligent and humanized development of management through technological innovation. A BP neural network model (IFOA-IAGA-BP) based on the combination of improved firefly optimization algorithm (IFOA) and improved artificial pigeon colony algorithm (IAGA) is studied and constructed, aiming at improving the accuracy and efficiency of management quality evaluation. This model can identify students' individual needs more accurately, optimize the allocation of teaching resources, improve teaching quality, predict students' learning risks through intelligent algorithms, intervene in time, and provide all-weather learning consultation services, so as to enhance the immediacy and effectiveness of student support services.
Application Research and Analysis of Panoramic Virtual Reality Technology Based on Sustainable Development of the Ecological Environment
Authors: Wu Rui , Wu Muyao
Published: July 2024

With the development of information technology, virtual reality technology has been widely used in many industries. Compared with traditional tourism projects, virtual tourism created by virtual reality technology has many outstanding advantages. This paper presents a panoramic study based on ecotourism. In this paper, in the study of virtual reality technology, firstly, the relevant aspects of panoramic virtual reality are introduced, then a calculation formula is established, and its algorithmic techniques and principles are further studied and analysed through the formula, and then the natural environment and sustainable development are introduced and analysed through the establishment of data maps and other methods. The results of the study show that the integration of panoramic technology and ecotourism creates a favourable living environment for the future.
A Consumer Trust Assessment Model for Online Shopping Based on Fuzzy Fusion Decision-Making
Authors: Zhang Mengtian , Wu Di , Xu Hui , Chao Zheng
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of e-commerce, online shopping has become an indispensable part of people's daily lives. However, consumers often face trust issues during online shopping, such as product quality and seller integrity, which directly impact their shopping experience and purchasing decisions. Therefore, accurately assessing consumer trust has become a crucial task. This study first constructs a consumer trust assessment system, analyzing and selecting key factors related to consumer trust, and establishes a model for assessing consumer trust for online shopping. Subsequently, we propose an assessment method based on text mining and deep learning sentiment analysis techniques to extract consumer sentiment information from specified consumer reviews. Furthermore, through fuzzy decision-making fusion strategy, we integrate sentiment information from the dimensions of quality assurance, reliability, and responsiveness to enhance the accuracy of the assessment.
Association between Age-Adjusted Endothelial Activation and Stress Index and Intensive Care Unit Mortality in Patients with Severe COVID-19
Authors: Jeong Jong Hwan , Heo Manbong , Park Sunghoon , Lee Su Hwan , Park Onyu , Kim Taehwa , Yeo Hye Ju , Jang Jin Ho , Cho Woo Hyun , Yoo Jung-Wan ,   on behalf of the Korean Intensive Care Study Group
Published: July 2024

Background: Endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX) reflects endothelial dysfunction or damage. Because endothelial dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms, a few studies have shown the clinical usefulness of original and age-adjusted EASIX (age-EASIX) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of age-EASIX in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in South Korea.Methods: Secondary analysis was performed using clinical data retrospectively collected from 22 nationwide hospitals in South Korea between January 1, 2020, and August 31, 2021. Patients were at least 19 years old and admitted to the ICU for severe COVID-19, demanding at least high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. EASIX [lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)×creatinine (mg/dL)/platelet count (109 cells/L)] and age-EASIX (EASIX×age) were calculated and log2-transformed.Results: The mean age of 908 critically ill patients with COVID-19 was 67.4 years with 59.7% male sex. The mean log2 age-EASIX was 7.38±1.45. Non-survivors (n=222, 24.4%) in the ICU had a significantly higher log2 age-EASIX than of survivors (8.2±1.52 vs. 7.1±1.32, p<0.001). log2 age-EASIX was significantly associated with ICU mortality (odds ratio, 1.541; 95% confidence interval, 1.322 to 1.796; p<0.001) and had a better area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than of the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in predicting ICU mortality (0.730 vs. 0.660, p=0.001).Conclusion: Age-EASIX is significantly associated with ICU mortality and has better discriminatory ability than the SOFA score in predicting ICU mortality.
Threat of preterm delivery and refusal of treatment
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: July 2024

Not available.
Short-term effects of low-level PM2.5, PM10, O3, and tropical meteorological conditions on emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou, China
Authors: Peng Jichao , Chen Jun , Wu Xinxin , Qian Jin , Li Nan , Yi Yang , Huang Yue , Lu Juncai , Zhang Wenxing , Li Zhengyu , Li Zhao , Li Min , Liu Xiaoran
Published: July 2024

Objective:

To assess the correlation between atmospheric pollutants, meteorological factors, and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City.

Methods:

Daily data on atmospheric pollutants, meteorological factors, and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City from 2018 to 2021 were collected. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation, and a distributed lag non-linear model was employed to analyze the health effects and lag impacts of environmental factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex and age.

Results:

According to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10: J00-J99), a total of 221 913 cases were included, accounting for 21.3% of the total emergency department visits in Haikou City. For every 1 °C increase in temperature, the risk of emergency department visits increased by 1.029% (95% CI 1.016%-1.042%). Relative humidity greater than 80% reduced the risk of visits, while higher atmospheric pressure (>1 010 hpa) also decreased the likelihood of daily emergency department visits. Higher concentrations of PM25 (30-50 μg/m3), PM10 (>60 μg/m3), and O3 (75-125 μg/m3) were associated with increased visits. Higher temperatures (>25 °C) have a greater impact on females and children aged 0-14 years, while males are more sensitive to low atmospheric pressure. Individuals aged 65 and above exhibited increased sensitivity to O3 concentration, and the effects of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 are more pronounced in individuals over 14 years old.

Conclusions:

Short-term exposure to high temperatures, particulate matter pollutants (PM25 and PM10), and ozone (O3) is associated with increased emergency department visits for respiratory diseases.
Assessment of albendazole efficacy against Ascaris lumbricoides at three sites of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Kerala in India
Authors: Garg Vinay , Garg Ankur , Garg Shubha , Jain Sudhir Kumar , Dikid Tanzin , Jain Saurabh , Manjhi Jitendra , Montresor Antonio , Goel Atul
Published: July 2024

Objective:

To assess efficacy of albendazole against Ascaris (A.) lumbrìcoides among school-children at three sites of Rajahmundry, Sundergarh and Wayanad.

Methods:

Sites were selected based on soil-transmitted helminths prevalence, different sociocultural-geographical characteristics and operational feasibility. 9-12 Years old children from 14 schools were included. The study was conducted in two rounds: baseline & follow up survey. All eligible children found positive for A. lumbricoides at baseline were administered supervised single tablet albendazole 400 mg under the National Deworming Day Initiative. During post-treatment follow-up survey, eligible children who provided second stool sample were included in the final analysis. Stool samples were examined using WHO recommended Kato-Katz technique. Efficacy was estimated based on cure rate (CR) and Fecal Egg Count Reduction Rate (FECRR) among children found positive in baseline and follow-up surveys.

Results:

328 Out of 625 (52.5%) were found positive for A. lumbricoides in the baseline survey and 85 out of 178 samples (47.8%) during post-treatment follow-up survey. Overall, the estimated CR was 52.2%. FECRR (95% CI) for albendazole was 72.6% (79.2%-66.0%). The FECRR was highest in East Godaveri [89.7% (96.8%-82.6%)], followed by Sundergarh [86.4% (95.3%-77.5%)] and Wayanad [69% (81.7%-56.4%)].

Conclusions:

Our study confirmed overall reduction in FEC although with varying albendazole efficacy for A. lumbricoides infection at three different locations in India. However, these finding may be assessed in context of ongoing MDA under Filaria control program and further studies by in vivo as well as in vitro methods are required to reach to a conclusion on possible resistance if any.
The Effect of Inhaled Oxygen on Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mansourie Ghezelhesari Elaheh , Abdollahpour Sedigheh , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Hoseini Bibi Lelila , Yas Atefeh , Hajmolarezaei Ezat , Khadivzadeh Talat
Published: July 2024

Background:

Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant problem that can increase the risk of maternal mortality. Previous studies investigated the effect of Inhaled Oxygen (IO) on PPH. They found some conflicting results. Thus, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of IO on PPH.

Materials and Methods:

Randomized trials were searched according to the PRISMA framework until the end of November 2022 in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Statistical analyses were performed in the STATA v. 14 software. I2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity between studies. The random effect model, sample size, and mean and standard deviation of each group were applied to report the pooled effect size. Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. Finally, five articles were included in the meta-analysis. Two and three studies reported the mean of bleeding after vaginal delivery during one- and two-hours oxygen therapy, respectively.

Results:

Results showed that IO significantly reduced bleeding by 38.91 mL in the intervention group compared to routine care (WMD: −38.91, 95%CI: −60.18 to −17.64) after vaginal delivery. In addition, IO during one (WMD: −38.42, 95%CI: −71.62 to −5.22) and two (WMD: −41.93, 95%CI: −60.15 to − 23.71) hours significantly decreased bleeding in the intervention.

Conclusion:

According to the present study, IO can significantly reduce PPH in the intervention group compared to routine care. However, more rigorously randomized clinical trials are required to decide better about this issue.
COVID19 Vaccination Considerations for Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ghafari Zahra , Khameneh Amin , Vahedi Leila
Published: July 2024

Background:

Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 disease. This study investigated whether pregnant women should get vaccinated against COVID-19 or not. Pregnant women in comparison with non-pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a systematic review that searched the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using the keywords “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “Coronavirus Disease” OR “2019-nCoV” AND “pregnancy “OR “pregnant” AND “vaccine” OR “vaccination” from January 2020 to April 2022.

Results:

Of the 37 selected studies, 15 (40.50%) declared positive views, 9 (24.30%) had inconclusive views, and 13 (35.20%) opposed vaccination due to a lack of adequate information.

Conclusions:

Despite the discrepancies among the studies, one-third of the studies suggested that pregnant women be enrolled in clinical trials to investigate the outcomes of the COVID-19 vaccination on maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the majority of the studies recommended maternal immunization against COVID-19.
Effects of Educational Program Based on Self-Esteem Enhancement on Weight Status in Obese Women
Authors: Seifrabiei Mohammad A. , Ahmadpanah Mohammad , Kazemzadeh Mohammad , Ebrahimi Sanaz
Published: July 2024

Background:

Most obese people do not have high self-esteem. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of self-esteem education on the weight status of obese women.

Methods:

This Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) was performed on 46 obese women (BMI >30) in Hamadan during 2021–2022. By simple convenient sampling and block randomization, the samples were divided into two equal groups. In both groups, routine lifestyle and diet recommendations were prescribed. In the intervention group, eight sessions of self-esteem training were performed specifically. In two groups BMI was measured and the Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) was filled out before and after the intervention. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.

Results:

The mean age of the participants in the intervention and control groups was 27.95 (5.02) and 30.25 (5.46) years respectively (t38 = 1.39, p = 0.17). BMI was comparable in two groups before the study (32.47 vs. 33.13 in the intervention and control group respectively, (t38 = 1.02, p = 0.31), but decreased significantly in the intervention group at the end (30.38 vs. 32.90, t38 = 3.76, p = 0.001). The mean self-esteem scores of the two groups were similar at the beginning (27.10 vs. 27.60 in the intervention and control group respectively, (t38 = 0.52, p = 0.60) but increased significantly in the intervention group at the end (30.10 vs. 27.35, t38 = 2.99, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that self-esteem educational programs can increase the self-esteem score and decrease BMI in obese women and should be considered as a treatment modality in these women.
Food Insecurity among Iranian Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Askari Elaheh , Raeesi Dehkordi Fatemeh , Mokhayeri Yaser , Amraei Morteza , Behzadifar Masoud , Imani-Nasab Mohammad-Hasan
Published: July 2024

Background:

Estimating the prevalence of food insecurity among vulnerable sub-groups, especially pregnant women, is significant. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women and to determine its related factors.

Materials and Methods:

This study constitutes a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies involving pregnant women, published between January 2000 and September 2022, in English and Persian on seven databases. Finally, 14 studies were analyzed and synthesized, with the results presented in the form of forest plots. Heterogeneity was investigated using the I2 index and the meta-regression to evaluate variables suspected of causing heterogeneity. Statistical analysis and synthesis were performed using Stata-16.

Results:

The pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women was 45% (95% confidence interval: 37–54%). In a multi-variable meta-regression model, p values were significant for the year of data collection and the type of the questionnaire. The adjusted I2 and R2 indices were estimated at 84.47 and 51.46%, respectively. The prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women has been estimated at half a million.

Conclusions:

Given the high prevalence of food insecurity among pregnant women in Iran, we propose the inclusion of food insecurity screening for this vulnerable demographic within the primary healthcare package. Additionally, we advocate for the allocation of food subsidies to pregnant women confronting food insecurity.
The Effect of a Happiness Education Program on the Expressed Emotion and Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mohammadi Atiyeh , Ghazavi Zahra , Moghadam Malek Fereidooni
Published: July 2024

Background:

The mental health of the parents of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly the mothers, is poor due to the severity and complex nature of this condition, and they encounter numerous issues. This investigation aimed to determine whether happiness education affected mothers of children with ASD’s Expressed Emotions (EE) and Quality of Life (QoL).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 70 mothers of children with ASD aged 3 to 13 years participated in this clinical trial study research. The experimental group received the Fordyce happiness training program once every 6 weeks via WhatsApp. In three stages, data were collected using a demographic form, the Family Questionnaire (FQ), and the World Health Organization Quality Of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) (before the intervention, immediately afterward, and 1 month later). In the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, the acquired data were analyzed using independent-sample t-tests, Chi-square tests, and repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Results:

There was no significant difference in EE and QoL mean scores between the two groups before the intervention, but after, the intervention group’s mean score of EE (20.91 (4.355)) was substantially lower than the control group’s (44.74 (4.77)) (p < 0.001). In comparison, the intervention group’s mean score of QoL and its dimensions was more significant than the control group’s (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Given the efficacy of the happiness education program in reducing EE and enhancing QoL in mothers of children with ASD, such treatment strategies should be developed and used.
The Relationship Between Attitude, Belief, Experience, and Knowledge of Iranian Nurses Toward the Use of Personal Protective Equipment: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Banafshi Zhina , Valiee Sina , Moradi Yousef , Vatandost Salam
Published: July 2024

Background:

Utilizing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is pivotal in averting infection transmission to both patients and nurses. The attitude of nurses is a critical determinant in their compliance with PPE usage. This study seeks to explore the correlation between the attitudes of Iranian nurses and their beliefs, experiences, and knowledge concerning the application of PPE.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 303 nurses employed in hospitals affiliated with Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were chosen using a quota sampling technique. Between April and June 2022, they completed self-administered questionnaires, which consisted of a Demographic Information form and a four-part questionnaire on “Attitude, Belief, Experience, Knowledge” concerning the utilization of PPE. Data were analyzed utilizing descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The multiple linear regression model was applied to investigate the relationship between attitude scores and various examined variables.

Results:

The findings indicated that most participants held bachelor’s degrees (93.07%), and their attitude scores toward using PPE exceeded 3.25 out of 6 for all 12 questions. Female gender, increased work experience, and higher organizational positions exhibited positive and significant associations with a favorable attitude toward PPE utilization. Conversely, the absence of training related to PPE, a lack of belief in infection control, and limited knowledge displayed negative correlations.

Conclusions:

Nurses have an ethical obligation to adhere to infection control guidelines, including consistently utilizing PPE, regardless of the level of infection risk or the visibility of the infection. Continuous training and regular monitoring of nurses in this context are indispensable.