bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggregation of Naphthobisthiadiazole‐Based Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Dyes That Restrict Quenching in Solution and Emit Red Light in Polar Aqueous Media
Authors: Ishi‐i Tsutomu , Hashimoto Ryuichiro , Ogawa Michiaki
Published: July 2014

Triphenylamine‐naphthobisthiadiazole‐based donor‐acceptor‐donor dyes were prepared and their aggregation and light‐emitting behaviors were investigated. Deep‐red light was emitted between 650–680 nm in a solution of tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane with moderate fluorescent quantum yield of 0.36–0.48. However, when the solvent system was changed to THF/water, emission behavior became dependent on the solvent ratio. For lower water concentrations, emission intensity decreased significantly when the ratio of water to THF was increased. The donor‐acceptor‐donor molecules exist as monomers, and an increase in solvent polarity favors the fluorescence quenching that results from solvation. However, emission intensity recovered and intensified progressively at higher water concentrations. The molecules form aggregates, which provide a less polar hydrophobic space within to restrict solvation and quenching, ultimately allowing emission.
Enantioselective and Regioselective Pyrone Diels–Alder Reactions of Vinyl Sulfones: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cavicularin
Authors: Zhao Peng , Beaudry Christopher M.
Published: July 2014

The total synthesis of (+)‐cavicularin is described. The synthesis features an enantio‐ and regioselective pyrone Diels–Alder reaction of a vinyl sulfone to construct the cyclophane architecture of the natural product. The Diels–Alder substrate was prepared by a regioselective one‐pot three‐component Suzuki reaction of a non‐symmetric dibromoarene.
In vitro differentiation of human tooth germ stem cells into endothelial‐ and epithelial‐like cells
Authors: Doğan Ayşegül , Demirci Selami , Şahin Fikrettin
Published: July 2014

Current clinical techniques in dental practice include stem cell and tissue engineering applications. Dental stem cells are promising primary cell source for mainly tooth tissue engineering. Interaction of mesenchymal stem cell with epithelial and endothelial cells is strictly required for an intact tooth morphogenesis. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether human tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs) derived from wisdom tooth are suitable for endothelial and epithelial cell transformation in dental tissue regeneration approaches. Differentiation into endothelial and epithelial cell lineages were mimicked under defined conditions, confirmed by real time PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis by qualitative and quantitative methods. HUVECs and HaCaT cells were used as positive controls for the endothelial and epithelial differentiation assays, respectively. Immunocytochemical and western blotting analysis revealed that terminally differentiated cells expressed cell‐lineage markers including CD31, VEGFR2, VE‐Cadherin, vWF (endothelial cell markers), and cytokeratin (CK)‐17, CK‐19, EpCaM, vimentin (epithelial cell markers) in significant levels with respect to undifferentiated control cells. Moreover, high expression levels of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGF, CK‐18, and CK‐19 genes were detected in differentiated endothelial and epithelial‐like cells. Endothelial‐like cells derived from hTGSCs were cultured on Matrigel, tube‐like structure formations were followed as an indication for functional endothelial differentiation. hTGSCs successfully differentiate into various cell types with a broad range of functional abilities using an in vitro approach. These findings suggest that hTGSCs may serve a potential stem cell source for tissue engineering and cell therapy of epithelial and endothelial tissue.
Ecosystem fragmentation drives increased diet variation in an endemic livebearing fish of the Bahamas
Authors: Araújo Márcio S. , Langerhans R. Brian , Giery Sean T. , Layman Craig A.
Published: July 2014

One consequence of human‐driven habitat degradation in general, and habitat fragmentation in particular, is loss of biodiversity. An often‐underappreciated aspect of habitat fragmentation relates to changes in the ecology of species that persist in altered habitats. In Bahamian wetlands, ecosystem fragmentation causes disruption of hydrological connectivity between inland fragmented wetlands and adjacent marine areas, with the consequent loss of marine piscivores from fragmented sections. We took advantage of this environmental gradient to investigate effects of ecosystem fragmentation on patterns of resource use in the livebearing fish Gambusia hubbsi (Family Poeciliidae), using both population‐ and individual‐level perspectives. We show that fragmentation‐induced release from predation led to increased G. hubbsi population densities, which consequently led to lower mean growth rates, likely as a result of higher intraspecific competition for food. This was accompanied by a broadening of dietary niches via increased interindividual diet variation, suggesting a negative effect of predation and a positive effect of intraspecific competition on the degree of diet variation in natural populations. Our results therefore indicate that habitat fragmentation can greatly impact the ecology of resilient populations, with potentially important ecological and evolutionary implications.
Employee Productivity, Employment Growth, and the Cross‐Border Acquisitions by Emerging Market Firms
Authors: Ataullah Ali , Le Hang , Sahota Amandeep S.
Published: July 2014

We examine the impact of the cross‐border acquisitions made by firms from emerging markets on employee productivity and employment growth. The literature suggests that cross‐border acquisitions enable emerging market firms to obtain new skills and knowledge‐intensive assets, which, in turn, may increase productivity. However, our empirical analysis suggests that cross‐border acquisitions reduce employee productivity and have a limited impact on employment growth. Moreover, we find that cross‐border acquisitions in less‐developed countries and in culturally distinct countries reduce productivity. Overall, our findings cast doubt on the idea that cross‐border acquisitions enable emerging market firms to improve the productivity of one of their most important resources—namely, their human capital. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient sample clean‐up and online preconcentration for sensitive determination of melamine in milk samples by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Ji Yan‐ling , Chen Xiao‐wei , Zhang Zhu‐bao , Li Jing , Xie Tian‐yao
Published: July 2014

Based on an efficient sample clean‐up and field‐amplified sample injection online preconcentration technique in capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection, a new analytical method for the sensitive determination of melamine in milk samples was established. In order to remove the complex matrix interference, which resulted in a serious problem during field‐amplified sample injection, liquid–liquid extraction was utilized. As a result, liquid–liquid extraction provides excellent sample clean‐up efficiency when ethyl acetate was used as organic extraction by adjusting the pH of the sample solution to 9.5. Both inorganic salts and biological macromolecules are effectively removed by liquid–liquid extraction. The sample clean‐up procedure, capillary electrophoresis separation parameters and field‐amplified sample injection conditions are discussed in detail. The capillary electrophoresis separation was achieved within 5 min under the following conditions: an uncoated fused‐silica capillary, 12 mM HAc + 10 mM NaAc (pH = 4.6) as running buffer, separation voltage of +13 kV, electrokinetic injection of +12 kV × 10 s. Preliminary validation of the method performance with spiked melamine provided recoveries >90%, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.015 and 0.050 mg/kg, respectively. The relative standard deviations of intra‐ and inter‐day were below 6%. This newly developed method is sensitive and cost effective, therefore, suitable for screening of melamine contamination in milk products.
“I Know I'm Generalizing but…”: How Teachers’ Perceptions Influence ESL Learner Placement
Authors: Riley Tasha
Published: July 2014

This qualitative study focuses on the potential influence students’ English as a second language (ESL) status has on teachers’ placement decisions. Specifically, the study examines 21 teachers’ responses to and decisions regarding fictional student record cards. Findings reveal that some teachers’ placement decisions were influenced by factors beyond a student's academic achievement, such as a student's ethnicity or ESL status. This study demonstrates that even when teachers are asked to base their recommendations only on academic achievement, some teachers still attend to arbitrary factors such as a learner's group membership. Teacher educators may use these findings to sensitize teacher candidates to the implications of their unchecked stereotypes and biases.
Hepatitis B und C bei HIV-Koinfektion
Authors: Fehr Jan , Schärer Verena , Hirzel Cédric , Rauch Andri
Published: July 2014

Infektionen mit Hepatitis B und C Viren gehören zu den häufigsten Todesursachen von HIV-positiven Patienten. Abklärung und Behandlung dieser Infektionen sind kompliziert. Einerseits erschweren häufig psychosoziale Probleme und Begleiterkrankungen eine korrekte Abklärung und Therapie. Andererseits ist die Entwicklung der Behandlungsstrategien – insbesondere bei der Hepatitis C – rasant, was niederschwellige Therapieangebote außerhalb spezialisierter Zentren erschwert. Eine Verbesserung der Behandlungsrate und optimale Therapieerfolge können nur durch enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen niedergelassenen Ärzten und spezialisierten Zentren erreicht werden.
Stepwise assembly of an adamantoid Ru4Ag6 cage by control of metal coordination geometry at specific sites
Authors: Metherell Alexander J. , Ward Michael D.
Published: July 2014

A Ru(ii) tris-chelate complex with three pendant binding sites on the same face combines with Ag(i) ions to form a Ru4Ag6 cage.
Supramolecular structures fabricated through the epitaxial growth of semiconducting poly(3-hexylthiophene) on carbon nanotubes as building blocks of nanoscale electronics
Authors: Misra R. D. K. , Depan D. , Challa V. S. A. , Shah J. S.
Published: July 2014

The supramolecular architecture of P3HT crystallized as nanofibers on CNTs for photovoltaic devices.
Sequential inclusion of two berberine cations in cucurbit[8]uril cavity: kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Miskolczy Zsombor , Biczók László
Published: July 2014

The formation and dissociation kinetics of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 inclusion of berberine in the cucurbit[8]uril cavity is revealed.
Regioselective acetylation of carbohydrates and diols catalyzed by tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide in water
Authors: Lu Yuchao , Wei Peng , Pei Yuxin , Xu Hengfu , Xin Xiaoting , Pei Zhichao
Published: July 2014

A novel method for an efficient regioselective acetylation of carbohydrates and diols in aqueous solution is described.
Halogen-free water-stable aluminates as replacement for persistent fluorinated weakly-coordinating anions
Authors: Söhner T. , Braun F. , Over L. C. , Mehlhose S. , Rominger F. , Straub B. F.
Published: July 2014

Cost-efficient aluminates successfully replace expensive and persistent counterions in transition-metal catalyses such as Bolm's stereoselective enone hydrogenation.
Conductive nanocomposite hydrogels with self-healing property
Authors: Peng Rengui , Yu Yang , Chen Sheng , Yang Yingkui , Tang Youhong
Published: July 2014

A flexible, electrically conducting hydrogel with self-healing repeatability can be of use in emerging fields such as soft passive resistors–capacitors and electro-active soft sensor devices, but combining all these properties remains a challenging task.
Choline chloride based eutectic solvents: direct C-3 alkenylation/alkylation of indoles with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
Authors: Sanap Anita Kailas , Shankarling Ganapati Subray
Published: July 2014

C-3 alkenylation/alkylation of indoles depends on the position of the substituent on the indole used in the reaction.
Co-assembly of tetrapeptides into complex pH-responsive molecular hydrogel networks
Authors: Tena-Solsona M. , Alonso-de Castro S. , Miravet J. F. , Escuder B.
Published: July 2014

Here we prepare pH-responsive complex molecular hydrogels from oppositely charged tetrapeptidic components that can be pH-tuned resulting in interconversion between different networks.
New insights into the functions of PIGF, a protein involved in the ethanolamine phosphate transfer steps of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis
Authors: Stokes Matthew J. , Murakami Yoshiko , Maeda Yusuke , Kinoshita Taroh , Morita Yasu S.
Published: July 2014

PIGF is a protein involved in the ethanolamine phosphate (EtNP) transfer steps of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis. PIGF forms a heterodimer with either PIGG or PIGO, two enzymes that transfer an EtNP to the second or third mannoses of GPI respectively. Heterodimer formation is essential for stable and regulated expression of PIGO and PIGG, but the functional significance of PIGF remains obscure. In the present study, we show that PIGF binds to PIGO and PIGG through distinct molecular domains. Strikingly, C-terminal half of PIGF was sufficient for its binding to PIGO and PIGG and yet this truncation mutant could not complement the PIGF defective mutant cells, suggesting that heterodimer formation is not sufficient for PIGF function. Furthermore, we identified a highly conserved motif in PIGF and demonstrated that the motif is not involved in binding to PIGO or PIGG, but critical for its function. Finally, we identified a PIGF homologue from Trypanosoma brucei and showed that it binds specifically to the T. brucei PIGO homologue. These data together support the notion that PIGF plays a critical and evolutionary conserved role in the ethanolamine-phosphate transfer-step, which cannot be explained by its previously ascribed binding/stabilizing function. Potential roles of PIGF in GPI biosynthesis are discussed.
Heat transmission between a profiled nanowire and a thermal bath
Authors: Blanc Christophe , Heron Jean-Savin , Fournier Thierry , Bourgeois Olivier
Published: July 2014

Thermal transport through profiled and abrupt contacts between a nanowire and a reservoir has been investigated by thermal conductance measurements. It is demonstrated that above 1 K the transmission coefficients are identical between abrupt and profiled junctions. This shows that the thermal transport is principally governed by the nanowire itself rather than by the resistance of the thermal contact. These results are perfectly compatible with the previous theoretical models. The thermal conductance measured at sub-Kelvin temperatures is discussed in relation to the universal value of the quantum of thermal conductance.
Dual single-scission event analysis of constitutive transferrin receptor (TfR) endocytosis and ligand-triggered β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) or Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) endocytosis
Authors: Lampe Marko , Pierre Fabienne , Al-Sabah Suleiman , Krasel Cornelius , Merrifield Christien J.
Published: July 2014

The dynamic relationship between constitutive and ligand-triggered clathrin-mediated endocytosis is only poorly characterized, and it remains controversial whether clathrin-coated pits specialize to internalize particular receptor cargo. Here we analyzed the ligand-triggered endocytosis of the model G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) at the level of individual endocytic events using a total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM)–based assay. Similar to the constitutive endocytosis of transferrin receptor (TfR), ligand- triggered endocytosis of β2AR occurs via quantized scission events hosted by clathrin spots and plaques of variable size and persistence. To address whether clathrin-coated structures (CCSs) specialize to internalize particular GPCRs, we adapted the TIRFM imaging assay to simultaneously quantify the internalization of TfR and the ligand- triggered endocytosis of the β2AR or MOR. Agonist-triggered β2AR or MOR endocytosis extended the maturation time of CCSs, as shown previously, but did not affect the rate of constitutive TfR endocytosis or loading of TfR into individual endocytic vesicles. Both the β2AR and the MOR receptors entered cells in the same vesicles as TfR, and the overall evidence for CCS specialization was weak. These data support a simple model in which different cargoes internalize through common CCSs.
Integrin β‐8, But Not β‐5 or ‐6, Protein Expression Is Increased in Livers of Children With Biliary Atresia
Authors: Iordanskaia Tatiana , Koeck Emily , Rossi Christopher , Mohan Parvathi , Schwarz Kathleen , Anders Robert , Nadler Evan P.
Published: July 2014

Objectives:

Our previous work demonstrated altered messenger RNA expression of integrin β‐5 and ‐8, using an in silico analysis of publically available data from patients with biliary atresia (BA); however, we were unable to demonstrate statistically significant differences in protein expression because of sample size. In the present study, we repeated the analysis of liver fibrosis and protein expression of the integrins in a larger cohort of patients with BA and compared them with patients undergoing liver biopsy for other diagnoses, with the hypothesis that ≥1 of the integrins would be differentially expressed.

Methods:

Liver specimens were obtained at 2 collaborating institutions. Samples from infants with BA (n = 23) were compared with samples from those who underwent liver biopsy for neonatal hepatitis (n = 9). All of the specimens were analyzed by 2 pathologists (C.R. and R.A.), who were blinded to the diagnoses. Standard Ishak scoring was performed to evaluate fibrosis and inflammation, and immunohistochemical (IHC) positivity was graded from 0 to 4. Comparisons between the IHC positivity and Ishak scoring for the BA and control groups were performed using the Student t test with P < 0.01 considered significant because of the multiple comparisons. Interobserver variability was assessed by intraclass correlation (ICC).

Results:

Pooled analysis from specimens from patients with BA showed significantly more fibrosis than controls based on Ishak scores (3.21 ± 1.82 vs 1.17 ± 1.00, P < 0.005). IHC evaluation showed increased integrin ανβ8 protein expression when compared with controls (2.67 ± 0.81 vs 1.72 ± 0.62, P < 0.005); however, there were no significant differences in integrin ανβ5 (1.93 ± 0.84 vs 1.50 ± 0.90, P = 0.23) or integrin ανβ6 (0.85 ± 1.20 vs 0.94 ± 0.85, P = 0.82) expression. These data were confirmed on individual analysis. Interobserver agreement was fair for integrin ανβ5 (ICC 0.52), good for integrin ανβ6 (ICC 0.72), and excellent for integrin ανβ8 (ICC 0.79) and fibrosis (ICC 0.89).

Conclusions:

Our data show that integrin ανβ8, but not integrin ανβ5 or integrin ανβ6, protein expression is increased in liver specimens of patients with BA. These data support the mounting evidence that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) activation is responsible for the fibrosis found in BA. Anti‐integrin ανβ8 or more global integrin blocking strategies may be therapeutic options in BA, but further work is clearly needed.
A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy. I. Physical basis
Authors: Iverson Richard M. , George David L.
Published: July 2014

To simulate debris-flow behaviour from initiation to deposition, we derive a depth-averaged, two-phase model that combines concepts of critical-state soil mechanics, grain-flow mechanics and fluid mechanics. The model's balance equations describe coupled evolution of the solid volume fraction,
m
, basal pore-fluid pressure, flow thickness and two components of flow velocity. Basal friction is evaluated using a generalized Coulomb rule, and fluid motion is evaluated in a frame of reference that translates with the velocity of the granular phase,

v

s
. Source terms in each of the depth-averaged balance equations account for the influence of the granular dilation rate, defined as the depth integral of ∇⋅
v
s
. Calculation of the dilation rate involves the effects of an elastic compressibility and an inelastic dilatancy angle proportional to
m
−
m
eq
, where
m
eq
is the value of
m
in equilibrium with the ambient stress state and flow rate. Normalization of the model equations shows that predicted debris-flow behaviour depends principally on the initial value of
m
−
m
eq
and on the ratio of two fundamental timescales. One of these timescales governs downslope debris-flow motion, and the other governs pore-pressure relaxation that modifies Coulomb friction and regulates evolution of
m
. A companion paper presents a suite of model predictions and tests.
Alienation
Authors: O’Donohue Wayne , Nelson Lindsay
Published: July 2014

Purpose

– This study aims to re-examine the concept of alienation, particularly from the perspective of existential psychology. While research interest continues to centre on links between human resource management (HRM) and organizational performance, such as in studies by Beeret al.(1984), Huselid (1995), Becker and Gerhart (1996) and Guest (2011), there is a growing interest in individual attributes such as employee well-being in addition to organizational performance, as mentioned in studies by Macky and Boxall (2007), Wood and de Menezes (2011) and Guest and Conway (2011). In this paper, we focus on issues related to the individual, and in doing so we suggest that HRM theory needs further development, as pointed out by Guest (2011).

Design/methodology/approach

– This is a paper in the tradition of critical theory that draws on both classical and modern research in the business and psychology literature. It outlines the development of the concept of alienation from its classic articulation by Marx through to the perspective offered by existential psychologists such as Blauner (1964). How alienation, thus, defined might manifest in the workplace is then discussed, as are its links to other concepts associated in the literature with positive and negative work experiences is presented.

Findings

– We argue that alienation needs to be addressed at two levels, namely, at the systemic level, in terms of factors external to the individual such as work and organizational systems and processes, and in terms of factors internal to the individual’s “state of mind”. We offer strategies for management to consider counterbalancing the negative effects of residual feelings of powerlessness, meaninglessness, isolation and self-estrangement that systemic change is unable to eliminate.

Originality/value

– The paper refocuses attention on the individual within the context of HRM, the effects of alienation and other outcomes of positive and negative work experiences such as work engagement and job burnout.
Inflection points in the development of IAS 38
Authors: Maria Ienciu Nicoleta , Matiş Dumitru
Published: July 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to identify the main inflexion points recorded into development of international accounting standards, case of IAS 38.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper takes the form of a conceptual discussion and graphical analysis. The main research method consisted of identifying reference moments, known as inflection points, in the evolution of accounting rules issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and formulating a general framework of testing inflection points’ theory in the development of IAS 38.

Findings

– The paper highlights the reference moments recorded in the evolution of IAS 38 through the creation of inflexion points’ theory in the field of accounting regulations.

Originality/value

– According to the authors’ knowledge, this is an original study whose results have implications into accounting regulations field, as in this area, such a theory has not been applied.
Autosomal dominant IFIH1 gain‐of‐function mutations cause Aicardi–Goutières syndrome
Authors: Diamond J.
Published: July 2014

Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome is caused by IFIH1 mutations

Oda et al.(2014)

The American Journal of Human Genetics 95(1): 121–125.

Gain‐of‐function mutations in IFIH1 cause a spectrum of human disease phenotypes associated with upregulated type I interferon signaling

Rice et al.(2014)

Nature Genetics 46(5): 503–510
Effectiveness of Silica‐Lasing Method on the Bond Strength of Composite Resin Repair to Ni‐Cr Alloy
Authors: Madani Azam S. , Astaneh Pedram Ansari , Nakhaei Mohammadreza , Bagheri Hossein G. , Moosavi Horieh , Alavi Samin , Najjaran Niloufar Tayarani
Published: July 2014

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of silica‐lasing method for improving the composite resin repair of metal ceramic restorations.

Materials and Methods

Sixty Ni‐Cr cylindrical specimens were fabricated. The bonding surface of all specimens was airborne‐particle abraded using 50 μm aluminum oxide particles. Specimens were divided into six groups that received the following surface treatments: group 1—airborne‐particle abrasion alone (AA); group 2—Nd:YAG laser irradiation (LA); group 3—silica coating (Si‐CO); group 4—silica‐lasing (metal surface was coated with slurry of opaque porcelain and irradiated by Nd:YAG laser) (Si‐LA); group 5—silica‐lasing plus etching with HF acid (Si‐LA‐HF); group 6—CoJet sand lased (CJ‐LA). Composite resin was applied on metal surfaces. Specimens were thermocycled and tested in shear mode in a universal testing machine. The shear bond strength values were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). The mode of failure was determined, and two specimens in each group were examined by scanning electron microscopy and wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.

Results

Si‐CO showed significantly higher shear bond strength in comparison to other groups (p < 0.001). The shear bond strength values of the LA group were significantly higher than those of the AA group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found among lased groups (LA, Si‐LA, Si‐LA‐HF, CJ‐LA; p > 0.05). The failure mode was 100% adhesive for AA, Si‐LA, Si‐LA‐HF, and CJ‐LA. LA and Si‐CO groups showed 37.5% and 87.5% cohesive failure, respectively.

Conclusion

Silica coating of Ni‐Cr alloy resulted in higher shear bond strength than those of other surface treatments.
Public Health Nursing Position Descriptions Congruence with ANA Standards, Public Health Essential Services, and Quad Council Domains
Authors: Polivka Barbara J. , Chaudry Rosemary V.
Published: July 2014

Objective

To map position descriptions (PDs) for staff public health (PH) nurses to two national frameworks for PH nursing and one framework for PH.

Design and Sample

This descriptive study included PDs (N = 161) from 66 Ohio local health departments.

Measures

Statements in each PD were analyzed for congruence with the twenty 2007 American Nurses Association Public Health Nursing Standards/Substandards (ANA Standards), the 10 Essential Services of Public Health (ES), and the eight 2003 Quad Council Public Health Nursing Skills Domains (QC domains). Health department and PD characteristics also were obtained.

Results

PDs addressed an average of 6.1 of the 20 ANA Standards, 4 of the 10 ES, and 1.9 of the 10 QC domains. The most commonly addressed ANA Standards, ES, and QC domains focused on assessment, linkages, health education, and regulation enforcement. About 78% of the PDs included task statements that did not correspond to any of the professional frameworks.

Conclusions

Findings from this study demonstrate a lack of congruence between the organizational and the disciplinary expectations for PH nurses. Given the increasing focus on PH department accreditation, performance management, and workforce development, PH nursing must address this incongruence to strengthen the profession and the public's health.
Effects of Asynchronous Music on Students’ Lesson Satisfaction and Motivation at the Situational Level
Authors: Digelidis Nikolaos , Karageorghis Costas , Papapavlou Anastasia , Papaioannou Athanasios G.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of asynchronous (background) music on senior students’ motivation and lesson satisfaction at the situational level. A counterbalanced mixed-model design was employed with two factors comprising condition (three levels) and gender (two levels). Two hundred students (82 boys, 118 girls; Mage = 16.3 years) volunteered to participate in the study. A lesson was developed and delivered under three experimental conditions: a) teacher-selected music condition; b) student-selected music condition; and c) a no-music control condition. Mixed-model 3 (Condition) × 2 (Gender) ANOVAs were applied to examine the effects of experimental manipulations. No Condition × Gender interaction was observed, although there was a main effect for Condition. When the lesson was delivered under the two music conditions, students scored significantly higher in lesson satisfaction, intrinsic motivation, identified regulation and reported lower scores for external regulation and amotivation. The present results support the notion that the use of background music has potentially positive effects on students’ lesson satisfaction and intrinsic motivation, although neither gender nor who selected the music (teacher vs. students) had any moderating influence on the results.
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy for non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas: a Cochrane systematic review*
Authors: Peinemann Frank , Labeit Alexander M
Published: July 2014

Objectives

We conducted a systematic review to compare the efficacy and adverse events of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) following high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) versus standard-dose chemotherapy (SDCT) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS).

Setting

Patients were observed in hospital units specialised for cancer therapy.

Participants

The review evaluated 294 patients with 19 different subtypes of malignant NRSTS. The patients had a median age between 10 and 46 years (range 2–65) and were mostly men.

Primary and secondary outcome measure

The planned and measured primary outcomes were overall survival and treatment-related mortality. The planned and measured secondary outcomes were progression-free survival, grade 3–4 non-haematological toxicity and secondary neoplasia. Other secondary outcomes including disease-free survival, event-free survival and health-related quality of life were not reported.

Results

We included 62 studies reporting on 294 transplanted patients. We identified 1 randomised controlled trial (RCT) with 38 transplanted and 45 non-transplanted patients and judged a low risk of bias. We further identified 61 single-arm studies with 256 transplanted patients. Overall survival in the RCT was reported not statistically significantly different between autologous HSCT following HDCT versus SDCT. The HR was 1.26 (95% CI 0.70 to 2.29; p=0.44) and the point estimates at 3 years were 32.7% vs 49.4%. Data from single-arm studies were used to extract data on adverse events. Treatment-related mortality was reported in 5.1% (15 of 294) transplanted patients.

Conclusions

Overall survival in patients with locally advanced or metastatic NRSTS was not statistically different after autologous HSCT following HDCT compared with SDCT in a single RCT with a total of 83 patients. No other comparative study was available. The proportion of adverse events among the transplanted patients is not clear.
Optimizing route choice in multimodal transportation networks
Authors: Rouhieh Behzad , Alecsandru Ciprian
Published: July 2014

Advanced traveler information systems provide travelers with pre-trip and en route travel information necessary to improve the trip decision making process based on various criteria (e.g., avoiding the negative impacts of traffic congestion, selecting specific travel modes, etc.). This study investigates an adaptive routing methodology for multimodal transportation networks. To integrate transit networks, the model takes into account both the predefined timetables of public transportation services and the variability of travel times. A graph theory based methodology is proposed to capture travel behavior within a multimodal network. The study advances a routing algorithm based on Markov decision processes. Special network modeling elements were defined to allow the developed algorithm to select the most efficient transportation mode at each junction along a given route. The proposed methodology is applied to a small real-world network located in the central business district area of Montreal, Quebec. The network includes bus, subway, and bicycle transportation facilities. The simulations were run under the assumption that users do not use private vehicles to travel between arbitrary selected origin and destination points. The developed routing algorithm was applied to several simulation scenarios. The results identified what is the most efficient combination of transportation modes that the travelers have to use given certain traffic and transit service conditions. Larger and more complex networks of motorized and non-motorized modes with stochastic properties will be investigated in subsequent work.
Is root DNA a reliable proxy to assess arbuscular mycorrhizal community structure?
Authors: Chagnon P.-L. , Bainard L.D.
Published: July 2014

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are widespread plant symbionts that extensively colonize both soil and roots. Given their influence on ecosystem processes, such as plant growth, soil carbon storage, and nutrient cycling, there is great interest in understanding the drivers of their community structure. AM fungal communities are increasingly characterized by selectively amplifying their DNA from plant roots, thus assuming that AM fungal community structure within roots provides a reliable portrait of the total (i.e., soil + roots) community. Through numerical simulations, we test this assumption using published data. We show that community structure and diversity is well preserved when analyzing only a subset of the community biomass (i.e., roots or soil), provided that the community shows a typical skewed abundance distribution, with few very dominant species and a high prevalence of rare species. Given that this community structure has been shown to be common in natural AM fungal communities, the present work would suggest that characterizing AM fungal communities using only roots or soil can provide a reliable portrait of the overall community. However, we show through additional analyses that the proportion of sample biomass used for molecular methods must be over a minimal threshold to properly characterize the community. Using published molecular data sets, we validate those results, which suggest that typical molecular protocols using low amounts of biomass may strongly influence AM fungal community characterization. Finally, we also discuss other assumptions implied by the molecular analysis of AM fungal communities, and point out urgent knowledge gaps.
Nano-booms — A new class of WIMP detectors
Authors: Drukier A. K. , Fagaly R. L. , Bielski R.
Published: July 2014

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) can constitute a large fraction of the dark matter (DM) in the universe. The importance of coherent scattering and detection of annual modulation effect (AME), diurnal modulation effect (DME) and direction sensitive AME was documented. In particular, DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA have released data collected during 14 annual cycles, which support in model independent way, the presence of DM particles in the galactic halo. There is a clear evidence of AME signature in DAMA data. Recently, positive hints have also been reported by CoGeNT on AME signature in Ge, while CREST-II and CDMS-Si have published some events in excess of estimated background; these events are compatible with WIMP-like candidates. If these results would be analyzed all together in some WIMP scenario, one could derive: M DM < 10 GeV /c2.

Current generation of detectors is far from being optimal or in some cases even reliable when M DM approaches 5 GeV /c2. We propose a detector, which can detect the direction of incoming WIMPs. This paper focus on a particular implementation of the new class of nano-explosive DM detectors. The local heating ignites an explosion, which release chemical energy stored in such a nano-grain. Use of two component nano-explosive permits to amplify the bolometric effect due to WIMP-candidates. The energy available becomes 100,000-fold larger than the energy initially deposited by DM candidate. This leads to a sonic-boom, which can be detected remotely. This new class of nano-explosive detectors may be especially important in detection of WIMPs with very low mass, say M DM = O (5 GeV /c2). We describe a configuration, which leads to explosive-triode, and permits detection of the direction of incoming WIMPs.
Angiotensin II induces membrane trafficking of natively expressed transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 channels in hypothalamic 4B cells
Authors: Saxena Ashwini , Bachelor Martha , Park Yong H. , Carreno Flavia R. , Nedungadi T. Prashant , Cunningham J. Thomas
Published: July 2014

Transient receptor potential vanilloid family type 4 (TRPV4) channels are expressed in central neuroendocrine neurons and have been shown to be polymodal in other systems. We previously reported that in the rodent, a model of dilutional hyponatremia associated with hepatic cirrhosis, TRPV4 expression is increased in lipid rafts from the hypothalamus and that this effect may be angiotensin dependent. In this study, we utilized the immortalized neuroendocrine rat hypothalamic 4B cell line to more directly test the effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) on TRPV4 expression and function. Our results demonstrate the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) transcripts, for sex-determining region Y (SRY) (male genotype), arginine vasopressin (AVP), TRPV4, and ANG II type 1a and 1b receptor in 4B cells. After a 1-h incubation in ANG II (100 nM), 4B cells showed increased TRPV4 abundance in the plasma membrane fraction, and this effect was prevented by the ANG II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan (1 μM) and by a Src kinase inhibitor PP2 (10 μM). Ratiometric calcium imaging experiments demonstrated that ANG II incubation potentiated TRPV4 agonist (GSK 1016790A, 20 nM)-induced calcium influx (control 18.4 ± 2.8% n = 5 and ANG II 80.5 ± 2.4% n = 5). This ANG II-induced increase in calcium influx was also blocked by 1 μM losartan and 10 μM PP2 (losartan 26.4 ± 3.8% n = 5 and PP2 19.7 ± 3.9% n = 5). Our data suggests that ANG II can increase TRPV4 channel membrane expression in 4B cells through its action on AT1R involving a Src kinase pathway.
Electrical synaptic transmission in developing zebrafish: properties and molecular composition of gap junctions at a central auditory synapse
Authors: Yao Cong , Vanderpool Kimberly G. , Delfiner Matthew , Eddy Vanessa , Lucaci Alexander G. , Soto-Riveros Carolina , Yasumura Thomas , Rash John E. , Pereda Alberto E.
Published: July 2014

In contrast to the knowledge of chemical synapses, little is known regarding the properties of gap junction-mediated electrical synapses in developing zebrafish, which provide a valuable model to study neural function at the systems level. Identifiable “mixed” (electrical and chemical) auditory synaptic contacts known as “club endings” on Mauthner cells (2 large reticulospinal neurons involved in tail-flip escape responses) allow exploration of electrical transmission in fish. Here, we show that paralleling the development of auditory responses, electrical synapses at these contacts become anatomically identifiable at day 3 postfertilization, reaching a number of ∼6 between days 4 and 9. Furthermore, each terminal contains ∼18 gap junctions, representing between 2,000 and 3,000 connexon channels formed by the teleost homologs of mammalian connexin 36. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that gap junctions at each of these contacts are functional and that synaptic transmission has properties that are comparable with those of adult fish. Thus a surprisingly small number of mixed synapses are responsible for the acquisition of auditory responses by the Mauthner cells, and these are likely sufficient to support escape behaviors at early developmental stages.
Biomarkers in Cardiorenal Syndrome
Authors: Forni Lui G. , Chawla Lakhmir S.
Published: July 2014

Cardiac and renal diseases often coexist. Treatment may prove difficult as early diagnosis and effective therapy may be hindered by a lack of robust markers of disease activity. However, several candidate molecules are now available which may help elucidate the complexities of organ cross-talk, enabling effective therapies. We discuss the available data on the commonly studied biomarkers of acute kidney injury with reference to the cardiorenal syndrome. Furthermore, we propose how the use of biomarkers as a panel may provide information which can guide therapy. Although this is a relatively new field, advances are rapid, and such options may well be available to the clinician soon.
Is Isolated Aphasia Associated with Atrial Fibrillation A Prospective Study
Authors: Giesbers Carlijn P.A. , Koehler Peter J. , Schreuder Tobien H.
Published: July 2014

Background: A cardioembolic source, usually atrial fibrillation (AF), is detected in 14-30% of strokes. If AF is found, anticoagulation therapy provides a substantial decrease of the risk of recurrent cerebrovascular ischemic events. AF is often paroxysmal, and extensive diagnostic procedures may be necessary to detect it in patients. Considering cost-effectiveness and patient burden, however, not every suspected patient can be thoroughly screened. Therefore, the identification of risk factors for AF may be helpful. Previous studies have identified isolated aphasia as a risk factor for AF as the cause of the stroke. These studies, however, were performed with small population samples, in a retrospective setting or focused on a specific subtype of aphasia. The aim of this observational study is to prospectively evaluate whether there is a relation between isolated aphasia and AF as the cause of cerebrovascular ischemia. Methods: All patients admitted to the Atrium Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands, with cerebrovascular ischemia or transient ischemic attack in the period of August 2009 to March 2010 or October 2013 to January 2014 were included. The patients were evaluated by a neurologist and admitted to the Brain Care Unit for 24-48 h. Medical history, physical examination and diagnostic results were entered in a database. A diagnosis of isolated aphasia was assigned at admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Presence of AF was determined using a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) on admission and continuous ECG monitoring for 1-2 days. During admission, aphasia tests were done, notably the ScreeLing Test and the Boston Naming Test. Data were analyzed using Pearson's χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney U test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 347 patients were included, of which 115 (33.1%) met the criteria for aphasia, with 26 (7.5%) meeting the criteria for isolated aphasia. Of all patients, 90 had a history of AF (66.7%) or AF was found during hospitalization (33.3%). Patients with AF, in contrast to those without, tended to present more often with any type of aphasia (41.1 vs. 30.4%) and isolated aphasia (10.0 vs. 6.6%), but these differences were not significant. A significant relation was found between global aphasia and AF (p = 0.011). Patients with AF scored significantly lower on the ScreeLing Test alone and on both aphasia tests together (p = 0.034). A history of transient ischemic attack significantly increased the risk for isolated aphasia (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.09-6.47). Conclusions: A statistically significant relation between isolated aphasia and AF could not be established in this study. However, our results showed a tendency towards significance. Further studies, in which rhythm is observed for a longer period of time, may be required to confirm this hypothesis.
The Effect of Residing Altitude on Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Al Riyami Nafila B. , Banerjee Yajnavalka , Al-Waili Khalid , Rizvi Syed G. , Al-Yahyaee Said , Hassan Mohammed O. , Albarwani Sulayma , Al-Rasadi Khalid , Bayoumi Riad A.
Published: July 2014

Lower mortality rates from coronary heart disease and higher levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have been observed in populations residing at high altitude. However, this effect has not been investigated in Arab populations, which exhibit considerable genetic homogeneity. We assessed the relationship between residing altitude and HDL-C in 2 genetically similar Omani Arab populations residing at different altitudes. The association between the levels of HDL-C and other metabolic parameters was also investigated. The levels of HDL-C were significantly higher in the high-altitude group compared with the low-altitude group. Stepwise regression analysis showed that altitude was the most significant factor affecting HDL-C, followed by gender, serum triglycerides, and finally the 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose. This finding is consistent with previously published studies from other populations and should be taken into consideration when comparing cardiovascular risk factors in populations residing at different altitudes.
Epidemiology of concurrent headache and sleep problems in Denmark
Authors: Lund Nunu , Westergaard Maria Lurenda , Barloese Mads , Glümer Charlotte , Jensen Rigmor Højland
Published: July 2014

Aims

There are no previous epidemiologic studies on concurrent headache and sleep problems (HSP). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of HSP in Denmark, broadly characterize those with HSP, and examine associations between HSP and socioeconomic/lifestyle factors.

Methods

A total of 129,150 randomly selected individuals were invited to participate in the Danish National Health Survey 2010. Respondents were asked about headache, sleep problems, depression and anxiety in the last two weeks, health-related lifestyle and quality of life (SF-12). Socioeconomic data were retrieved from national registers. Prevalence proportions were adjusted for stratified sampling and non-response. Regression analyses examined associations between HSP and socioeconomic/lifestyle factors.

Results

Of 68,518 respondents, 16.3% reported only headache, 21.1% only sleep problems, and 18.1% HSP with 2.6% being severely affected. Prevalence was higher among women and the middle-aged. Severe HSP was associated with low socioeconomic position, non-Western ethnicity, unhealthy lifestyle, high stress and anxiety/depression. Those with HSP had substantially reduced quality of life; more so than those having only headache or only sleep problems.

Conclusions

HSP is a highly prevalent condition. Lifestyle modification, stress reduction, and screening for concurrent depression and anxiety may play important roles in management. The high prevalence of HSP suggests a common pathophysiological mechanism.