bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of the most luminous quasar of the last 9 Gyr
Authors: Onken Christopher A. , Lai (赖民希) Samuel , Wolf Christian , Lucy Adrian B. , Hon Wei Jeat , Tisserand Patrick , Sokoloski Jennifer L. , Luna Gerardo J. M. , Manick Rajeev , Fan Xiaohui , Bian (边福彦) Fuyan
Published: September 2022

We report the discovery of a bright ($g = 14.5$mag (AB),$K = 11.9$mag (Vega)) quasar at redshift$z=0.83$— the optically brightest (unbeamed) quasar at$z>0.4$. SMSS J114447.77-430859.3, at a Galactic latitude of$b=+18.1^{\circ}$, was identified by its optical colours from the SkyMapper Southern Survey (SMSS) during a search for symbiotic binary stars. Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy reveals broad Mgii, H$\unicode{x03B2}$, H$\unicode{x03B1}$, and Pa$\unicode{x03B2}$emission lines, from which we measure a black hole mass of$\log_{10}\! (M_{\mathrm{BH}}/\mathrm{M}_{\odot}) = 9.4 \pm 0.5$. With its high luminosity,$L_{\mathrm{bol}} = (4.7\pm1.0)\times10^{47}\,\mathrm{erg\,s}^{-1}$or$M_{i}(z=2) = -29.74$mag (AB), we estimate an Eddington ratio of$\approx1.4$. As the most luminous quasar known over the last${\sim}$9 Gyr of cosmic history, having a luminosity$8\times$greater than 3C 273, the source offers a range of potential follow-up opportunities.
Can political alignment reduce crime? Evidence from Chile
Authors: Alberti Carla , Díaz–Rioseco Diego , Visconti Giancarlo
Published: September 2022

Research has shown that presidents tend to benefit local level copartisans when distributing resources, which can improve the provision of public goods, such as security. Considering that fear of crime is among the main concerns of citizens worldwide, we examine whether alignment affects criminality. Drawing on rich administrative data from Chile and a regression discontinuity design in close electoral races, we study the impact of alignment on a broad set of crimes against the person and property-related. We show that aligned municipalities experience a significant reduction in crimes that both affect property and occur in public. As a potential mechanism, we find that aligned municipalities receive more projects to improve urban infrastructure, thus making public spaces less vulnerable to crime.
The impact of university attendance on partisanship
Authors: Apfeld Brendan , Coman Emanuel , Gerring John , Jessee Stephen
Published: September 2022

Survey research shows that those with university degrees are more left-liberal along a number of dimensions than their peers without higher education. There is even some evidence to suggest a growing social and political cleavage centered on educational attainment. Yet, claims about the liberalizing effect of universities on political ideology and partisan identification rest on observational evidence where many assumptions are required to reach causal inference. This may account for conflicting findings in published research.

Here, we employ a fuzzy regression discontinuity design situated in Romania, where students who pass a national baccalaureate exam are uniquely qualified to enter university. We find that university attendance causes more liberal party preferences along the cultural dimension of party politics—though not along the economic or left-right dimensions of party conflict.
SUNGIR REVISITED: NEW DATA ON CHRONOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE KEY UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITE, CENTRAL RUSSIAN PLAIN
Authors: Kuzmin Yaroslav V , Boudin Mathieu , Wojcieszak Marine , Zazzo Antoine , van der Sluis Laura , Stulova Darya I , Gavrilov Konstantin N , Veselovskaya Elizaveta V , Vasilyev Sergey V
Published: September 2022

Chronological and stratigraphic frameworks are of the utmost importance for Upper Paleolithic archaeology, physical anthropology, and ecology. Wide ranging radiocarbon (14C) dates were previously obtained for the Sungir burial complex in the central part of European Russia, which is well-known as the richest funeral Paleolithic assemblage in the world yet recorded. The major problem was the contamination caused by consolidants used during the recovery of human bones in the 1960s. The stratigraphy and spatial structure of the Sungir site were also not well understood previously. New radiocarbon and stable isotope data are generated for the Sungir burials. While some dates were younger due to incomplete removal of contamination, the XAD 14C age on S-1 burial (ca. 29,780 BP) was found to be statistically the same as the previously performed HYP 14C age for this burial (ca. 28,890 BP). Four animal bones found in cultural layer below the burial date to ca. 28,800–30,140 BP, suggesting that both this layer and human burials date to roughly this age range. Narrowing these ages further is difficult considering the larger errors of the 14C dates. This shows that future research attempting to 14C date material excavated many years ago needs to eliminate potential contamination from consolidants through analyses such as FTIR, prior to 14C dating. The chronology and stratigraphy of Sungir do not contradict to correlation of its lithic artifacts with the Streletskian assemblage as the East European variant of the Final Szeletian technocomplex (Early Upper Paleolithic).
DATING THACH LAC: CRYPTIC CaCO3 DIAGENESIS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOOD SHELLS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR 14C
Authors: Petchey Fiona , Piper Phillip J , Dabell Kathleen , Brock Fiona , Turner Helen , Lam Thi My Dzung
Published: September 2022

In many locations around the world, shell radiocarbon dates underpin archaeological research. The dating of shell brings the chronological relationship between the sample and target event (e.g., hunting and food preparation) into congruence, while shells are valuable geochemical proxies for understanding past climate dynamics and environments. However, this information can be lost as the shell, composites of biopolymers and carbonate minerals (mostly calcite and or aragonite), undergo diagenetic alteration. While studies into Pleistocene-age carbonates are common in the radiocarbon literature, there has been little research into the impact of alteration on Holocene-age shells used to interpret recent societal developments. The limits of our understanding of these diagenetic changes became evident when dating Placuna placenta (naturally calcitic) and Tegillarca granosa (naturally aragonitic) shells from the site of Thach Lac in Vietnam. These shells returned ages significantly younger than associated charcoal and terrestrial bone at the site, but standard tests for secondary recrystallization (XRD and staining techniques) did not indicate any alteration. Further investigation revealed that cryptic recrystallization (i.e., of the same crystal structure) had occurred in both the calcite and aragonite shells. This finding suggests recrystallization may have an undetected impact on some shell radiocarbon dates.
Factors influencing quality of life in children with tracheostomy with emphasis on home care visits: a multi-centre investigation
Authors: Mirza B , Marouf A , Abi Sheffah F , Marghlani O , Heaphy J , Alherabi A , Zawawi F , Alnoury I , Al-Khatib T
Published: September 2022

Objective

Only a few studies have assessed the quality of life in children with tracheostomies. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life and the factors influencing it in these children.

Method

This cross-sectional, two-centre study was conducted on paediatric patients living in the community with a tracheostomy by using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Clinical and demographic information of patients, as well as parents’ socioeconomic factors, were obtained.

Results

A total of 53 patients met our inclusion criteria, and their parents agreed to participate. The mean age of patients was 6.85 years, and 21 patients were ventilator-dependent. The total paediatric health-related quality of life score was 59.28, and the family impact score was 68.49. In non-ventilator-dependent patients, multivariate analyses indicated that social functioning and health-related quality of life were negatively affected by the duration of tracheostomy. The Quality of Life of ventilator-dependent patients was influenced by care visits and the presence of pulmonary co-morbidities.

Conclusion

Children with tracheostomies have a lower quality of life than healthy children do. Routine care visits by a respiratory therapist and nurses yielded significantly improved quality of life in ventilator-dependent children.
Case and agreement as contextually manipulable properties of functional heads
Authors: TYLER MATTHEW
Published: September 2022

Some recent work has argued that agreement and case-assignment dependencies between a functional head and a nearby NP are not part of the syntactic derivation proper, but take place in the postsyntactic, morphological component of the grammar. I argue that this view is correct, by showing that one of its largely unexplored predictions has real empirical payout. The prediction is that the dependency-forming properties of functional heads, being morphological in nature, are mutable, and may be conditioned by nearby roots and functional structure. I focus here on Voice heads in Choctaw, and my starting assumption is that, by default,$ {\mathrm{Voice}}_{\left[+\mathrm{N}\right]} $(the Voice head which introduces a specifier) agrees with its specifier (the external argument) and$ {\mathrm{Voice}}_{\left[-\mathrm{N}\right]} $(i.e. specifier-less Voice, found in unaccusatives) does not agree with anything. However, I propose that in some environments,$ {\mathrm{Voice}}_{\left[-\mathrm{N}\right]} $doeslaunch a$ \phi $-probe, and it results in$ {\mathrm{Voice}}_{\left[-\mathrm{N}\right]} $agreeing with the internal argument. I refer to these configurations as ‘low ergatives’. A small survey of previous work on case and agreement dependencies suggests (a) that the case-assignment properties of functional heads are mutable in the same way, and (b) that the reverse is attested – in some environments$ {\mathrm{Voice}}_{\left[+\mathrm{N}\right]} $failsto launch a$ \phi $-probe. This is consistent with a purely morphological model of agreement and case-assignment: just as the exponence and interpretation of functional heads can be conditioned by adjacent roots and functional material, so too can the dependency-forming properties of those heads be conditioned in the same way.
Suicide among emergency service workers: a retrospective mortality study of national coronial data, 2001–2017
Authors: Petrie Katherine , Spittal Matthew , Zeritis Stephanie , Phillips Matthew , Deady Mark , Forbes David , Bryant Richard , Shand Fiona , Harvey Samuel B.
Published: September 2022

Background

Emergency service workers (ESW) are known to be at increased risk of mental disorders but population-level and longitudinal data regarding their risk of suicide are lacking.

Method

Suicide data for 2001–2017 were extracted from the Australian National Coronial Information Service (NCIS) for two occupational groups: ESW (ambulance personnel, fire-fighters and emergency workers, police officers) and individuals employed in all other occupations. Age-standardised suicide rates were calculated and risk of suicide compared using negative binomial regression modelling.

Results

13 800 suicide cases were identified among employed adults (20–69 years) over the study period. The age-standardised suicide rate across all ESW was 14.3 per 100 000 (95% CI 11.0–17.7) compared to 9.8 per 100 000 (95% CI 9.6–9.9) for other occupations. Significant occupational differences in the method of suicide were identified (p < 0.001). There was no evidence for increased risk of suicide among ESW compared to other occupations once age, gender and year of death were accounted for (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.84–1.17; p = 0.95). In contrast, there was a trend for ambulance personnel to be at elevated risk of suicide (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.00–2.00, p = 0.053).

Conclusion

Whilst age-standardised suicide rates among ESW are higher than other occupations, emergency service work was not independently associated with an increased risk of suicide, with the exception of an observed trend in ambulance personnel. Despite an increased focus on ESW mental health and wellbeing over the last two decades, there was no evidence that rates of suicide among ESW are changing over time.
Beetroot and spinach seed microbiomes can suppress Pythium ultimum infection: results from a large-scale screening
Authors: Diakaki Makrina , van der Heijden Liesbeth , Lopez-Reyes Jorge Giovanny , van Nieuwenhoven Anita , Notten Martje , Storcken Mirjam , Butterbach Patrick , Köhl Jürgen , de Boer Wietse , Postma Joeke
Published: September 2022

Seed health is an indispensable prerequisite of food security. While the toolkit of plant protection products is currently limited, evidence suggests that the seed microbiome could protect seeds from pathogens. Thus, given their possible disease suppressive potential, we tested 11 different pathosystems to achieve the following proof-of-concept: seed microbiomes can be beneficial for seed health through conferring disease suppression. This study focused on beetroot, onion, spinach, pepper, coriander, red fescue and perennial ryegrass seeds, with each crop being challenged with one or two from a total of six pathogens, namely Pythium ultimum (or a Pythium sp.), Setophoma terrestris, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Laetisaria fuciformis and a mix of Puccinia sp. isolates. Each seed lot of each crop was tested with and without treatment with a disinfectant as a proxy for comparing intact seed microbiomes with seed microbiomes after partial elimination by disinfection. We found disease suppression in two pathosystems. Beetroot and spinach seed lots were able to suppress disease caused by P. ultimum when their microbiomes were intact but not after seed disinfection. We speculate that this relates to the microorganisms residing on and in the seed. Yet, seed microbiome disease suppression was not found in all pathosystems, highlighting the variation in seed morphology, plant cultivars, pathogens and seed disinfection treatments. A holistic understanding of the characteristics of seeds that harbour suppressive microbiomes as well as the pathogens that are sensitive to suppression could lead to more targeted and informed seed processing and treatment and, consequently, to the sustainable management of seedling diseases.
School-based victimization in children and adolescents presenting for cognitive behavioural treatment of anxiety disorders
Authors: Hunt Caroline , Bussey Kay , Peters Lorna , Gaston Jonathan , Lo Alice , Rapee Ronald M.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Peer victimization and anxiety frequently co-occur and result in adverse outcomes in youth. Cognitive behavioural treatment is effective for anxiety and may also decrease children’s vulnerability to victimization.

Aims:

This study aims to examine peer victimization in youth who have presented to clinical services seeking treatment for anxiety.

Method:

Following a retrospective review of clinical research data collected within a specialized service, peer victimization was examined in 261 children and adolescents (55.6% male, mean age 10.6 years, SD = 2.83, range 6–17 years) with a diagnosed anxiety disorder who presented for cognitive behavioural treatment. Youth and their parents completed assessments of victimization, friendships, anxiety symptoms, and externalizing problems.

Results:

High levels of victimization in this sample were reported. Children’s positive perceptions of their friendships were related to lower risk of relational victimization, while conduct problems were related to an increased risk of verbal and physical victimization. A subsample of these participants (n = 112, 57.1% male, mean age 10.9 years, SD = 2.89, range 6–17 years) had completed group-based cognitive behavioural treatment for their anxiety disorder. Treatment was associated with reductions in both self-reported anxiety and victimization. Results confirm the role of friendships and externalizing symptoms as factors associated with increased risk of victimization in youth with an anxiety disorder in a treatment-seeking sample.

Conclusions:

Treatment for anxiety, whether in a clinic or school setting, may provide one pathway to care for young people who are victimized, as well as playing a role in preventing or reducing victimization.
The impact of weather shocks on employment outcomes: evidence from South Africa
Authors: Brookes Gray Harriet , Taraz Vis , Halliday Simon D.
Published: September 2022

Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, such as drought and heat waves. In this paper, we assess the impact of drought and high temperatures on the employment outcomes of working-age individuals in South Africa between 2008 and 2017. We merge high-resolution weather data with detailed individual-level survey data on labor market outcomes, and estimate causal impacts using a fixed effects framework. We find that increases in the occurrence of drought reduce overall employment. These effects are concentrated in the tertiary sector, amongst informal workers, and in provinces with a higher reliance on tourism. Taken together, our results suggest that the impacts of climate change will be felt unequally by South Africa's workers.
Would offering vegetables to children for breakfast increase their total daily vegetable intake?
Authors: McLeod Chris J , Haycraft Emma , Daley Amanda J
Published: September 2022

The consumption of vegetables is vitally important for children’s health and development. However, in many Westernised countries, most children do not eat sufficient quantities of vegetables and consume many energy-dense and high-sugar foods; a health behaviour associated with the onset of non-communicable diseases. To address this important public health concern, it is necessary to think ‘outside the box’ and consider innovative and pragmatic ways to increase children’s daily vegetable intake. In many countries, caregivers implementing best-practice child feeding methods typically offer children vegetables at lunch, dinner and for snacks. It is unusual for children to be routinely offered vegetables for breakfast, yet there is no nutritional, physiological or medical reason why vegetables should not be eaten at breakfast. Indeed, in some countries, children frequently consume vegetables for breakfast. Increasing children’s exposure to vegetables at breakfast from an early age would allow for the development of a positive association between eating vegetables and breakfast, thus providing another opportunity in the day where vegetables might be regularly consumed by children. In this paper, we propose a rationale for why vegetables should be routinely offered to young children at breakfast time in countries where this may not be the norm. Future research assessing the feasibility and acceptability of such a public health intervention would provide health policy agencies with evidence about a potentially effective and easily implementable approach for increasing children’s vegetable intake, thus improving their overall nutritional status, as well as their heath and development.
Charting Hinduism's rules of armed conflict: Indian sacred texts and international humanitarian law
Authors: Balkaran Raj , Dorn A. Walter
Published: September 2022

What does Hinduism have to say about the rules of armed conflict? How might Hinduism enrich the modern global discourse on international humanitarian law (IHL)? What convergences might be found, and what areas of divergence? This paper examines and contextualizes the rules of armed conflict advocated in classical Hindu texts, especially in the epic Mahābhārata, where important norms of Hinduism are established. It also examines the other major epic, the Rāmāyaṇa, and the Dharmaśāstras (Law Codes), as well as the Arthaśāstra, which takes an alternative (realpolitik) approach. This paper focuses on conduct during armed conflict (jus in bello), now synonymous for many with IHL, rather than considerations leading up to war (jus ad bellum). The paper seeks to illuminate both convergences and divergences with IHL and highlight particular Hindu approaches on the righteous (dharmic) application of violence. Like IHL, classical Hinduism values (1) proportionality of force during armed engagement; (2) the minimization of human suffering during combat; (3) care for survivors of war; (4) immunity towards non-combatants, especially civilians; and (5) balancing military necessity with humanity. With respect to divergences, classical Hinduism extols non-violence in ways that critique even the warrior's duty to engage in righteous war (dharma yuddha). In contrast to IHL, the Hindu epics have some different limitations; for instance, they limit the right to combat to a particular caste, the kṣatriyas, though this concept could be modernized to mean uniformed personnel of the State. The epics also disavow certain practices that are legal under IHL, such as ambushes and surprise attacks against legitimate targets. The Hindu proportionality provision goes beyond IHL by prescribing that only warriors of the same type should fight. With its many deeply ethical considerations, Hinduism enriches modern IHL through its heightened emphasis on fair and humane conduct in battle and its call towards compassion on behalf of both combatants and non-combatants.
Germination biology of liverseedgrass (Urochloa panicoides) and its response to postemergence herbicides in Australian conditions
Authors: Chauhan Bhagirath S.
Published: September 2022

Liverseedgrass (Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv.) is one of the most important summer grass weed species in the eastern cropping system of Australia. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature, salt stress, water stress, burial depth, and sorghum crop residue load on germination and emergence of U. panicoides and the performance of postemergence herbicides on this weed species. The optimal germination temperature regimes for U. panicoides were 30/20 and 35/25 C (alternating day/night temperatures), but seeds also germinated at temperatures occurring in winter, spring, and autumn in Australia (15/5, 20/10, and 25/15 C). A concentration of 48 mM sodium chloride and −0.27 MPa osmotic potential inhibited germination of U. panicoides by 50%, indicating that this weed species is not salt and drought tolerant at germination. The maximum germination was obtained for the surface seeds; a burial depth of 1.9 cm inhibited emergence by 50%. No seedlings emerged from the 12-cm depth, but about 3% of seedlings emerged from the 8 cm depth. The addition of sorghum residue amounts up to 8,000 kg ha−1 to the soil surface stimulated U. panicoides’ emergence compared with the no-residue treatment, suggesting that conservation agriculture will promote the emergence of U. panicoides. Several postemergence herbicides were found to be effective in controlling this weed species, especially when applied at an early stage. Information obtained from this study will help to develop effective and sustainable control measures for U. panicoides and other weed species with similar germination requirements.
Taking the Cloth: Social Norms and Elite Cues Increase Support for Masks among White Evangelical Americans
Authors: Adida Claire L. , Cottiero Christina , Falabella Leonardo , Gotti Isabel , Ijaz ShahBano , Phillips Gregoire , Seese Michael F.
Published: September 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the CDC and the WHO have recommended face masks as key to reducing viral transmission. Yet, in the USA, as the first wave erupted in the Summer of 2020, one-fifth of individuals said they wore masks at most “some of the time”, and a majority said that people in their community wore masks at most “some of the time”. What strategies most effectively encourage compliance with this critical COVID-19 prevention measure? Relying on social identity theory, we experimentally assess two possible mechanisms of compliance, elite endorsement, and social norms, among a representative sample of white US-born Evangelicals, a group that has shown resistance to prevention measures. We find evidence for both mechanisms, but social norms play a remarkably important role – increasing support for mask-wearing by 6% with spillover effects on other prevention guidelines. Our findings confirm the role that appeals to norms and elite endorsements play in shaping individual behavior and offer lessons for public health messaging.
Bullying und Viktimisierung
Authors: Eilts Jule , Schipper-Bäker Neele , Schütz-Wilke Jessica , Koglin Ute
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Internationale Studien berichten, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler im Förderschwerpunkt Lernen oder der sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung häufiger als Täter und Opfer in der Bullying-Dynamik in Erscheinung treten als Schülerinnen und Schüler ohne Förderschwerpunkt. Die Wahrnehmung des Schulklimas wird ebenfalls als ein Einflussfaktor auf die Übernahme der Rolle des Täters bzw. Opfers diskutiert. Die vorliegende Querschnittsstudie untersucht Unterschiede in Bezug auf Bullying und Viktimisierung zwischen Schülerinnen und Schülern mit und ohne Förderschwerpunkt im Lernen und/oder in der sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung. Vor allem im deutschsprachigen Raum stehen Untersuchungen zum Bullying für die spezifischen Förderschwerpunkte noch aus. Dazu füllten N = 649 (60.9% männlich) Jugendliche (Alter 8–19 Jahre; M = 13.66; SD = 2.17) einen Selbsteinschätzungsfragebogen zum Thema Bullying aus. Es besuchten n = 393 Jugendliche eine Regelschule und n = 256 eine Förderschule. Es wurde Täter- und Opfererfahrungen sowie Schulzufriedenheit erfasst. Die Unterscheidung in Täter und Opfer erlaubt es, sowohl die Gruppe der Täter als auch der Opfer und Täter-Opfer zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse legen Unterschiede zwischen den Vergleichsgruppen nahe. Jugendliche im Förderschwerpunkt der sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung zeigten sich häufiger als Täter sowie Opfer. Bezüglich Schulzufriedenheit kann berichtet werden, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler, welche ungern zur Schule gehen, häufiger als Opfer bzw. Täter in Erscheinung treten als jene, die gerne zur Schule gehen. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der Limitationen der Studie diskutiert. Die Relevanz von zielgerichteten Präventions- und Interventionsprogrammen für Bullying bei Jugendlichen mit Förderschwerpunkt wird herausgestellt.
Mio, der Braunbär
Authors: Müller Isabell , Schmiedel Hannah , Willmann Noah , Zerth Simon
Published: September 2022

„Immer wenn ich meinen Onkel sehe, kommt er mir voll nahe“, sagt Mio, der Braunbär, zu seinem Freund Rami, dem Raben. Auf der Geburtstagsfeier von Mios Mutter Tara unterhält er sich mit Rami über das Nein-Gefühl, das er in seinem Bärenbauch spürt, sobald er seinen Onkel Oskar sieht. Mio lernt von Rami, auf sein Bauchgefühl zu hören. Als die Bären am nächsten Morgen gemeinsam fischen gehen, fasst Oskar Mio gegen seinen Willen an. Mio nimmt all seinen Mut zusammen und wehrt sich gegen seinen Onkel. „Mio, der Braunbär“ ist ein Band aus der Reihe „Psychologische Kinderbücher“. Das Buch sensibilisiert Kinder für die Thematik der sexualisierten Gewalt. Es ermutigt Betroffene, ihre Grenzen aufzuzeigen und sich Vertrauenspersonen mitzuteilen. Außerdem liefert das Buch praktische Aufgaben und Übungen und bietet Eltern, Angehörigen sowie Therapeut*innen wichtige Informationen zum Thema. Die Arbeitsmaterialien zu diesem Buch können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.
Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kubiak Thomas , Grammes Jennifer
Published: September 2022

Unter Diabetes mellitus wird eine Reihe endokriner Störungen zusammengefasst, die den Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel beeinträchtigen. Leitsymptom sind erhöhte Blutglukosewerte (Hyperglykämie), die sich bei einem unbehandelten Diabetes mellitus einstellen. Diabetes mellitus gilt berechtigterweise als verhaltensmedizinische Modellerkrankung: Das Zusammenspiel von psychosozialen und Verhaltensfaktoren, der Diabetes-Selbstbehandlung und medizinischen Faktoren ist entscheidend für die Prognose der Erkrankung. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund stetig steigender Fallzahlen werden Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten in der Praxis immer häufiger Menschen mit Diabetes behandeln, und sich daher mit diabetesspezifischen Problemfeldern ebenso wie mit diabetesspezifischen Besonderheiten in der Therapie psychischer Störungen bei komorbidem Diabetes konfrontiert sehen.
Der Band gibt einen aktuellen und praxisorientierten Überblick über zentrale psychosoziale Themen, wie diabetesbezogenen Belastungen (Diabetes-Distress) und die Krankheitsakzeptanz, sowie über Besonderheiten bei der Diagnostik und Behandlung psychischer Störungen bei Diabetes mellitus. Notwendiges Basiswissen zu medizinischen Grundlagen und zur Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus wird anschaulich vermittelt. Neben diabetesspezifischen Problemfeldern, wie z.B. der Hypoglykämieangst oder der beeinträchtigten Hypoglykämiewahrnehmung, werden insbesondere Essstörungen und Depression bei Diabetes thematisiert und Spezifika in deren Diagnostik und Behandlung herausgestellt.
Facilitating Health-Oriented Leadership from a Leader’s Perspective
Authors: Krick Annika , Felfe Jörg , Hauff Sven , Renner Karl-Heinz
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Health-oriented leadership (HoL) is vital for the improvement of health and an essential part of psychological risk management. However, the relevance of different antecedent factors is unknown. We used data from a Germany-wide online survey with N = 738 leaders. Referring to the JD-R model, we analyzed leaders’ demands and resources that facilitate or impede health-oriented leadership from a leader’s perspective. Moreover, we examined the relevance of contextual factors like branch, company size, and management span. Whereas results show only small differences for contextual factors, we found positive relationships between leaders’ resources, like autonomy and social support, and negative relationships with workplace demands (availability, multitasking) and HoL from a leader’s perspective. At the organizational level, HoL is positively linked to high-performance work practices and health-oriented HRM strategies. From a leader’s perspective, the findings provide evidence for the relevance of favorable working conditions and human resources practices for improving HoL as part of psychological risk management.
Exploring the Barriers to the Implementation of Psychosocial Risk Assessment in Micro- and Small-Sized Firms
Authors: Pavlista Valeria , Angerer Peter , Kuske Johanna , Schwens Christian , Diebig and Mathias
Published: September 2022

Abstract. According to the legal requirements in many countries, companies should conduct psychosocial risk assessments (PRA). However, recent studies have demonstrated deficiencies in PRA implementation. Especially micro- and small-sized enterprises (MSE) are in arrears. We conducted two explorative studies to shed light on this topic: We recruited MSE and examined their reasons for participation ( N = 7) and nonparticipation ( N = 21) in a nonresponder survey. Further, we analyzed longitudinal data capturing the PRA process over 18 months in 15 MSE within a case study. The attitude that stress is an important issue was a major reason for participation. The reasons given for nonparticipation were lack of interest in PRA and lack of stress. High time commitment and support were needed for complete PRA implementation. The reasons given for termination included low resources and prioritization of PRA. The results indicate that interest and awareness of the relevance of psychosocial stress need to increase, and that approaches requiring fewer resources are needed.
A SSIM-Based Approach to Psychosocial Risk Assessment and Interventions
Authors: Eberz Stefan , Graf Benedikt , Antoni Conny H.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Companies often hesitate to assess psychosocial risks, despite being obliged to assess them along with other health risks. One reason might be that companies are afraid of being unable to meet the expectations raised by employee surveys addressing social stressors. Health-oriented leadership approaches focus on supervisors’ role as potential social resources or stressors but neglect the influence of other situational conditions. In this case study, we use a systemic-salutogenic interaction model (SSIM)-based approach to psychosocial risk assessment in a medium-sized production company to focus on these dynamics. Using a pre-post multimethod design, we evaluate the effectiveness of this SSIM approach using two time-shifted standardized psychosocial risk surveys ( Nt1 =72; Nt2 = 224) and qualitative interviews to describe the challenges and problems the company faced. Based on these results, we discuss the perspectives of a SSIM-based approach to psychosocial risk assessment for research and practice.
Ionospheric Feedback and ULF Quarter‐Waves
Authors: Streltsov Anatoly V. , Mishin Evgeny V.
Published: September 2022

This paper presents results from the numerical investigation of nonlinear feedback interactions between ULF field‐aligned currents (FACs) and the ionospheric plasma in the global magnetospheric resonator with a non‐symmetrical distribution of the plasma density in the conjugate hemispheres. The density asymmetry is enhanced by the introduction of the ionospheric valley in the hemisphere where the plasma density is already lower. The main result from this study is that in the non‐symmetrical resonator, the ionospheric feedback mechanism, driven by the electric field with the maximum amplitude of 50 mV/m, develops nonlinear, intense, small‐scale upward currents with a characteristic quarter‐wavelength structure along the ambient magnetic field. The frequency of these waves is two times less than the fundamental frequency of the symmetrical resonator. The ionospheric valleys, which are depletions of the plasma density between the ionospheric E and F regions, enhance this effect, by reducing the effective ionospheric conductivity. This effect is important for the interpretation of ground, satellite, and sounding rocket observations of ULF waves and FACs in the auroral and subauroral geospace.
Flinn Awarded established
Authors: Anonymous
Published: September 2022

A new AGU award has been established to recognize the “unsung” people who through their roles as facilitators and coordinators contribute to the advancement of scientific research. The award is named for the late Edward A. Flinn III in honor of his exemplary service to the worldwide geophysics community.

The first Flinn Award will be presented at the 1991 Spring Meeting banquet in Baltimore. Nominations of candidates should be sent by February 1 to Sean Solomon, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Hydrological research basins and the environment
Authors: Alley V. M. , Warmerdam P. M. M.
Published: September 2022

The role and relative importance of experimental and representative basins in pre‐dieting anthropogenic effects on water resources and the environment was the goal of the International Conference on Hydrological Research Basins and the Environment, held in Wageningen, the Netherlands, September 24–28, 1990. About 70 persons, almost exclusively from Europe, attended the meeting, which was organized by the Committee of the European Network of Experimental and Representative Basins and the National Committee of the Netherlands for the International Hydrological Program of Unesco.

During the conference, the 3rd General Meeting of the European Network of Experimental and Representative Basins was held. This network of basins, covering nine countries in Europe, organizes periodic meetings and tries to enhance the compatibility of observations and methods of analysis, and to implement research projects of common interest.
Granite Symposia and Working Groups
Authors: Miller Calvin
Published: September 2022

In addition to the Hutton Symposium on Granites and Related Rocks to be held in Canberra, Australia, Sept. 23–28, 1991, two other international symposia on granitoids will take place during 1991: the inaugural meeting and field excursion of the proposed IGCP project Rapakivi Granites and Related Rocks, to be held in Helsinki, Finland, July 29–August 4, and Granites and Geodynamics, to be held in Moscow, August 6–9.

Contacts for these meetings are: Hutton Symposium, Bruce Chappell, Dept. of Geology, Australian National University, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Rapakivi Granites, Ilmari Haapala or Tapani Ramo, Dept. of Geology, Division of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Helsinki, Snelmaninkatu 5, 60170 Helsinki 17, Finland.

Melt segregation and migration in partly molten rocks will be the topic of a special session at the Geological Association/Mineralogical Association of Canada meeting in Toronto, May 27–29, 1991.
1990 Fall Meeting Report
Authors: Chapman David S.
Published: September 2022

The AGU 1990 Fall Meeting, held in San Francisco December 3–7, continued the steady growth trend for the western meeting set over the last decade. About 5200 members registered for the meeting and 3836 papers were given. The scientific kickoff to the meeting was provided by a Union session on initial results of the current Magellan mission to Venus. The mission was also the focus of a public lecture and short film on highlights of the mission and an extensive Union poster session.
Science and the press: A no‐fault marriage?
Authors: Perlman David
Published: September 2022

Brent Dalrymple makes a compelling plea for a “marriage between science and the media” (Editorial, January 29, 1991), but I'm not sure whether either of the blushing parties would enjoy holy matrimony. Work harder to understand each other? By all means, yes. But marriage? Emphatically no! We can labor together to inform the public most effectively without resorting to cohabitation, sanctified or otherwise.
AGU honored for Antarctic book
Authors: Anonymous
Published: September 2022

AGU has won an honorable mention award at the Fifteenth Annual Awards Program for Excellence in Professional and Scholarly Publishing sponsored by the Association of American Publishers for the book Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. The book is part of AGU's Antarctic Research Series, an outgrowth of research done during the International Geophysical Year that was begun in 1963 with a grant from the National Science Foundation.

The award was presented at the AAP Annual Awards Dinner on February 6 at the Ritz‐Carlton Hotel in Washington, D.C. The award consists of a medallion and a plate on which the names of the publisher, title, and authors are engraved.
Atmospheric electricity
Authors: Beasley William
Published: September 2022

Traditionally, research in atmospheric electricity, or perhaps more properly, atmospheric electrodynamics, has covered a broad range of topics, including the global electrical circuit, middle and upper atmosphere electrodynamics, thunderstorm electrification, lightning, and fair weather electrical properties. However, during the last few years, research in mesoscale meteorology and atmospheric chemistry has increasingly begun to take into account the factors of storm electrification, lightning, and chemical production by discharges.

Several observational campaigns during the last few years have used rockets and balloons to investigate the electrodynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere. (The middle atmosphere comprises the stratosphere, roughly 12–50 km altitude, and the mesophere, roughly 50–90 km altitude.) One recent discovery is a previously unknown fair‐weather source of electric field and current in the stratosphere in middle latitudes [Holzworth, 1989]. The electric field has a magnitude of tens of millivolts per meter (mV/m), with daily variation and horizontal direction that rotate with the local inertial gravity‐wave period (typically 15–18 hours at middle latitudes). This field does not have a known source, such as thunderstorms or some ionospheric phenomenon; the source may be a result of electrodynamic coupling between ions and neutral molecules in the atmosphere.
Impact of sea‐level rise assessed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: September 2022

Coastal erosion, flooding of low‐lying coastal areas, disruption of ecosystems, probable population relocation, and economic loss are some consequences of projected relative sea‐level rise. The term includes both the rise anticipated to result from global warming and other factors, and the rise from local tectonic subsidence. Some specific sites were discussed at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, held in Washington, D.C., February 14–19.

In comparing the New York City and eastern Mediterranean coasts, Victor Goldsmith of Hunter College, New York, presented a case for stabilization versus retreat of coastal areas, dependent on the geologic terrane and on the degree of development. The 578‐mile New York City coastline is considered “hard,” meaning some sort of cement structure, such as roads, jetties, or piers, separates the water from the coast. It is also an area of many beaches that are not natural, but that have been built up and maintained by the process of sand nourishment over the past 50 years. The Rockaway peninsula, for example, has received more than 12 million cubic yards of sand between 1926 and 1962 in response to the measured sea‐level rise of 30 cm in the last 100 years from downwarping of the wide continental shelf, said Goldsmith. Because land is highly developed and expensive in this area, retreat is not a practical option. Goldsmith suggests that the effects of on‐going sea‐level rise, at rates of about 1 foot per century, can be offset by continued hardening of the New York City coastline and beach nourishment where necessary.
NOAA seeks healthy budget
Authors: Bush Susan
Published: September 2022

The small, crowded room of the House side of the U.S. Capitol building belied the large budget of $1,611,991,000 requested for Fiscal Year 1992 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. John A. Knauss, Undersecretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, U.S. Department of Commerce, delivered his testimony on February 28 before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary and Related Agencies. He told the subcommittee that the budget “attempts to balance the two goals of maintaining NOAA's position as an important science agency and addressing the serious budget problems that the government continues to face.”

Climate and global change, modernization of the National Weather Service, and the Coastal Ocean Science program are NOAA's three ongoing, high‐priority initiatives that the budget addresses. Also, three additional initiatives—a NOAA‐wide program to improve environmental data management, President Bush's multiagency Coastal America initiative, and a seafood safety program administered jointly by NOAA and the Food and Drug Administration—are addressed.
IAGA Newsletter on Magnetic Anomalies
Authors: Anonymous
Published: September 2022

The International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Working Group V‐9 has published another in its series of “Magnetic Anomalies on Land and Sea” newsletters (January 1991). The newsletter contains news items and articles related to magnetic anomaly maps, upcoming meetings discussing magnetic anomaly studies, instrumentation, and main magnetic field work related to anomalies. News items come from four foreign countries, four U.S. federal agencies (NASA, USGS, NOAA, and NAVOCEANO), state agencies, and universities.
Status of hydrology examined by NRC
Authors: Bush Susan
Published: September 2022

“The central role of water in the evolution and operation of the Earth system provides a rationale for seeing hydrologic science as a geoscience of stature equal to that of the atmospheric ocean, and solid Earth sciences.” This is the theme of the recently released National Research Council's report, Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences.

The report was prepared for NRC by the Committee on Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences. Frank Press, chairman of NRC, said the report is “intended to help guide science and educational policy decisions and to provide a scientific framework and educational policy for scientists, educators, and students making career plans.”
Theis papers donated to UNM
Authors: Anonymous
Published: September 2022

The scientific and personal papers of the late C. V. Theis have been donated to the University of New Mexico by the U.S. Geological Survey and Theis's daughter, Marilyn Lewis. The collection will be housed in the Center for Southwest Research, formerly the Special Collections Department, of the UNM General Library.

The university expressed a strong interest in the material because so much of it relates to the water resources of New Mexico and because of Theis's long association with the university as research associate, adjunct professor, and senior official of the Geological Survey, which was housed on the campus for many years. Although Theis was known principally for his contributions to groundwater hydraulics, his publications included papers on evaporation, terrestrial heat flow, and other subjects.
1989 AGU Salary Survey published
Authors: Blue Charles
Published: September 2022

According to 1989 Salaries: Society Membership Survey, a report by the American Institute of Physics, there is a good chance that you work for a university and your regular salary is somewhere around $55,200. This statistical portrait of the AGU membership was taken from a random sampling of one‐sixth of the U.S. membership of AIP's member societies, including AGU. Each year since 1979, AIP has been conducting surveys of its member societies. Respondents have been asked to provide a wide range of biographical data, including information on their annual salary and occupation.
Excurrent jets of a set of model clams
Authors: Anonymous
Published: September 2022

Excurrent jets of a set of model clams that are discharging into the near‐wall region of a turbulent boundary layer in a laboratory flume. These false‐color images were produced using planar laser‐induced fluorescence and represent 16‐s averages of dye concentration fields associated with the excurrent jets. Fluid that leaves the excurrent siphone is dyed to represent phytoplankton‐depleted fluid, whereas the clear ambient fluid represents phytoplanktonrich fluid. This particular sequence of images shows how the speed of the crossflow affects the food‐depleted (high dye concentration) boundary layer that develops over the bed of clams in two different ways—through its direct effect on the trajectories of the excurrent jets and through its effect on turbulent mixing of the jets.
Response
Authors: Kaula William M. , Anderson Don L.
Published: September 2022

Singer's comments appear to misinterpret, or miss the emphasis of, several points in our article.

1) He infers that we advocate “raising energy taxes or … directly enforcing conservation.” There are no explicit statements thereof in our article. The main thrust of the criticized item was that the public should be more aware and have a greater spirit of cooperation. We do feel that it is desirable that the public be better informed—something to which the AGU can contribute—entirely aside from governmental compulsion, something which is not AGU's business.
NSF's role in Antarctic environment scrutinized
Authors: Bush Susan
Published: September 2022

In the last few years, the National Science Foundation has come under criticism by environmental groups for inadequate stewardship in the U.S. Antarctic Program's environmental issues. Since 1978, NSF was given full responsibility, by Executive Order, for budgeting and managing the entire U.S. national program in Antarctica, including logistics support. NSF has also been responsible for the compliance of the U.S. Antarctic Program with environmental protection measures agreed to by the Antarctic Treaty nations.

Specifically under fire by environmentalists have been NSF's maintenance of a land‐fill, open‐air burning of solid waste, and the removal of toxic substances. According to Peter E. Wilkniss, director of the Division of Polar Programs at NSF, open burning is no longer taking place and will not be allowed in the future.