bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Disorders
Authors: Frau-Meigs Divina
Published: October 2019

This paper analyses the major modifications created by the “social turn” i.e. the emergence of social media. It presents the drastic change of ecosystem created by the three “continents” of the Internet. This sets up the context of deployment for “information disorders” such as radicalisation and disinformation. The analysis then considers the risks and opportunities for Media and Information Literacy: on the one hand, the rise of fact-checking and the increasing interference of social media platforms; on the other hand, the augmentation of the Media and Information Literacy epistemology and the Media and Information Literacy paradigm shift entailed by information disorders. It concludes on an agenda for Media and Information Literacy in 21st century.
Fake or Not Fake? Perceptions of Undergraduates on (Dis)Information and Critical Thinking
Authors: Melro Ana , Pereira Sara
Published: October 2019

In an increasingly challenging media environment of post-truth and fake news, disinformation may impact the way young people perceive the world. In this study, we seek to understand how young people engage with news, their perceptions around disinformation, and how they see the relevance of critical thinking for their civic and political lives. Using a mixed method model, we developed a focus group activity with a total of 45 participants, based on the analysis of 562 questionnaires previously administered to first-year undergraduates of two Portuguese universities. The results show that although most students report limited critical analysis of information, they do reveal concerns about disinformation in their lives, suggesting a set of actions in order to combat fake news spread. Furthermore, the findings reinforce the need for news and media literacy that concerns a post-fact culture.
Digital Media Literacy, School and Contemporary Parenting
Authors: Ciboci Lana , Labaš Danijel
Published: October 2019

Today’s societies live in a world where the media construct reality, which also affects each individual media user. Children and their parents spend most of their time with digital media and contents. Therefore, researchers emphasize the importance of digital literacy of media users. They analyse new phenomena, challenges and risks associated with the anthropological, cognitive and social development of children and young people. An important role in media and digital education is played not only by teachers and schools, but also by parents and family. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the theoretical approaches to digital media literacy, so-called digital parenting, and to interpret the results of the latest research in Croatia devoted to the digital habits of parents, their attitudes towards parental mediation strategies as well as to their satisfaction with the programmes of media literacy in the education system.
A Comparative Study about the Calculation of Primary Energy Factor (PEF) Values of Electricity Generation for the Policymaking in Energy Sector
Authors: Rasheed Usman , Ibrahim Anas , Lee Hyundong
Published: October 2019

The stability between the limited available energy resources and their consumption is an important concern of the modern world. The study deals with the development of the methods for measuring the energy performance of different renewable and non-renewable resources used for electricity generation with the help of an energy performance indicator called the Primary Energy Factor (PEF). This study takes account of all energy stages from the resources extraction to its transportation, conversion, combustion and then finally to utilization. The study conducted a comparative approach to calculate the PEF values of electricity generated in South Korea from the period of 1980 to 2017. Four different methodologies namely Eurostat methodology, Life cycle methodology, Modified Eurostat methodology, and upper-end methodology have been used. A set of Programs has been written in MATLAB to calculate the i. PEF values of electricity generated. ii. Impact of different renewable and non-renewable energy sources on PEF values. iii. Future trend of PEF values of electricity in South Korea At the national and local level, this study will help the government and other law-making institutions to make policies regarding annual purchase consumptions of energies by different industrial, residential, public and transportation sectors and at the Global level, the implementation of this study will be the catastrophe of maintaining the stability between the available energy resources, and consumptions. This, in turn, will lead to suitable living conditions for future generations
Simulation of an Adaptive Fluid-Membrane
Piezoelectric Lens
Authors: Bettaswamy Gowda Hitesh Gowda , Wallrabe Ulrike
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we present a finite element simulation of an adaptive piezoelectric fluid-membrane lens modeled in COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulation couples the piezoelectric effect with the fluid dynamics to model the interaction between piezoelectric forces and fluid forces. Also, the simulation is extended to model the thermal expansion of the fluid. Finally, we compare the simulation and experimental results of the adaptive lens refractive power at different actuation levels and temperatures.
Iron Depletion Reduces Abce1 Transcripts While Inducing the Mitophagy Factors Pink1 and Parkin
Authors: Key Jana , Sen Nesli Ece , Arsovic Aleksandar , Krämer Stella , Hülse Robert , Gispert-Sanchez Suzana , Auburger Georg
Published: October 2019

Lifespan extension was recently achieved in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes by mitochondrial stress and mitophagy, triggered via iron depletion. Conversely in man, deficient mitophagy due to Pink1/Parkin mutations triggers iron accumulation in patient brain and limits survival. We now aimed to identify murine fibroblast factors, which adapt their mRNA expression to acute iron manipulation, relate to mitochondrial dysfunction and may influence survival. After iron depletion, expression of the plasma membrane receptor Tfrc with its activator Ireb2, the mitochondrial membrane transporter Abcb10, the heme-release factor Pgrmc1, the heme-degradation enzyme Hmox1, the heme-binding cholesterol metabolizer Cyp46a1, as well as the mitophagy regulators Pink1 and Parkin showed a negative correlation to iron levels. After iron overload, these factors did not change expression. Conversely, a positive correlation of mRNA levels with both conditions of iron availability was observed for the endosomal factors Slc11a2 and Steap2, as well as for the iron-sulfur-cluster (ISC)-containing factors Ppat, Bdh2 and Nthl1. Positive correlation only after iron depletion was observed for the iron export factor Slc40a1, mitochondrial iron transporters Slc25a28, Abcb7 and Abcb8, mitochondrial ISC-containing factors Glrx5, Nfu1, Bola1 and Abce1, cytosolic Aco1 and Tyw5, as well as nuclear Dna2, Elp3, Pold1 and Prim2. The latter are regulators of nucleotide synthesis and DNA quality control, which have known importance for growth and lifespan. The only Pink1-/- triggered transcript modulation was the reduced expression of the ISC-containing ribosomal factor Abce1. These mammalian findings support previous fly data that Pink1 influences co-translational quality control via Abce1, as well as mitophagy. Our findings provide the first systematic survey how iron dosage triggers homeostatic transcriptional regulations and elucidate how iron deprivation results in mitophagy.
LAND REFORM AND THE MEANING OF THE FAIR TRADE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Ikegami Koichi
Published: October 2019

Fair Trade is drastically expanding to mainstream in the 2000s. Even in the Republic of South Africa (South Africa) has the Fair Trade Movement appeared in agricultural and food sectors. Management companies and white farms are not marginalized people, who are major target of Fair Trade movement in general. This paper intended to answer the questions why management companies and white farms are involved in Fair Trade movement. The paper argued that major players of Fair Trade in South Africa is a large commercial farm owned by white South Africans who are very sensitive to political pressure. Fair Trade movement in South Africa. South Africa is facing a difficult problem on how to reduce the poor-rich distinction in agriculture. From this context, land reform should be urgently and strongly promoted. Land reform gave impacts by way of two courses. One is the necessity of economic sustainability by introducing a concept of ‘fairness’ as appealing new added value, followed by initiating Fair Trade farms and Strategic Partnership Approach. The other is the politico-psychological pressure to secure good reputation of ‘fairness’, which was caused by social pressure of land reform and domestic policies seeking for reduction of disparities between rural-urban and agriculture-industry relationships. Although the land reform is urgent for economic sustainability, but the land reform farm failed to continue their business due to the lack of know-how and knowledge concerning farm activities and lack of good market access and the market structure to block native Africans to sell in a free way. In this point, Fair Trade is one of possible solutions.
PERCEPTIONS OF GENDER ISSUES IN AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AMONG RURAL DWELLERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: S.A Ejembi , H.O Obekpa , P.D Ivande
Published: October 2019

Rural livelihood in Nigeria depends largely on natural resources (Land, water, forest etc) which are communally owned. The quality of life in the rural areas and the sustainability of the production system are consequences of how well these resources are managed. Management is a social activity which emphasizes efficient allocation of resources for optimum output, therefore any member of the community irrespective of the gender category with the know-how can be charged with the responsibility of resource utilization for better living standard. However, resource management in the study area has been inequitable as there are obvious cases of male domination. This study, consequently, was undertaken to assess the perceptions of gender issues as they affect sustainable agricultural development. A total of 272 respondents were selected through simple random sampling technique. Structured questionnaire to elicit information for this study, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with one group from each of the communities was also used to compliment the data from the questionnaire. Results show that majority (83%) of the people in the study area did not understand the concept of gender and thus interaction in all issues identified and resource allocation were based on the biological attribute (sex) of the people. Majority (88%) of the respondents identified right to ownership of resources as main gender issues. Forest resource, land, water or rivers and human beings were among the things identified as community resources. It was concluded that the fundamental problem of resource management in the study area was the poor understanding of the concept of gender, consequently, it is suggested that the people should be sensitized well enough about the meaning of gender so that culturally based action in resource allocation can be modified to guarantee equitable and sustainable access to agricultural productive resources.
CLIMATE RESILIENCE OF COLLECTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT IN RURAL JAPAN
Authors: Shiono Mami , Ikegami Koichi , Tsuruta Tadasu
Published: October 2019

Building resilience of rural communities is crucial to minimize damages caused by external factors including climate change. This paper attempts to analyze climate resilience in farmer-based irrigation system in rural Japan. This paper focuses on the Kako area in Hyogo Preefecturre, where farmers had been confronted water shortage for a long time. The Kako Land Improvement Dstrict (LID) is reponsible for water control. This paper is based on the interview with Kako LID officials and the documents kept by the LID office. Examining emergency measures taken against a severe drought in a water users association in western Japan, this paper reveals that former communal values on water allocation still survive even in an apparently modernized and individualized irrigation scheme. When the group encountered an acute shortage of rain, former communal approach in controlling water was re-introduced without hindrance, displaying remarkable resilience of village-based organization in times of emergency and crisis.
LAND REFORMS IN AN INDIAN STATE: LESSONS FROM THE EXPERIENCES OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Datta Prabhat Kumar , Sen Panchali
Published: October 2019

Until the shift of developmental policy in India in 1990s the state used to play an instrumental role India’s development. By the time India attained independence it was widely regarded that semi feudal landlordism was the main obstacle in the way of national economic regeneration. In this paper an attempt has been to capture the processes of land reforms in India’s West Bengal under the Left Front rule and to critically review impact of this programme on village society. This paper also seeks to identify reasons with the help of empirical studies why it has not been possible for the Left Front Government to achieve the declared objectives of the programme. Major transformations in economic, social and political fields during the first two decades of the Left Front rule characterized by the successful implementation of land reform programmes but failed to produce sustained benefits to the poor beneficiaries of land reforms. The panchayat institutions were unsuccessful in making the poor realize that the existing social situation was not conducive for meeting their basic needs. The concluding part of the paper tries to bring together the lessons that the other countries or states in a federal system can learn from the experiences of implementation of land reforms programme in West Bengal.
MAPPING AND EXPLORING INFORMAL NETWORK IN ORGANIZATIONAL AND COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP
Authors: Prasetyo Yanu Endar
Published: October 2019

Work often happens through informal interactions and relationships. Formal networks and vertical channels no longer enough for the organizational and community capacity to adapt to the rapid social changes and disruptions. Just as the network knowledge is an asset for any organization in the disruptive era, understanding people’s connections and network’s approach is critically important in the cultural transformation of the leadership in the community and organization. The purpose of this article is to review and investigate how Social Network Analysis (SNA) could visualize and analyze the informal networks in organizational and community leadership’s studies. This study introduces a model that combines organizational leadership and community leadership as a social relations category in a micro- sociological perspective. By applying social network approach to evaluating leadership network, the organization or community can more efficiently scale and accelerate their development as well as solves their leadership problems. This method is useful for those who are seeking to influence policy, disseminate new ideas, and mobilize resources towards a common or a specific goal. SNA provides a set of theories, tools, and processes for understanding the relationships and structures of a network. SNA will determine the particular measures, from simple to complex rules, which need to be applied to derive insights from the network and how the network system is structured and evolved with time. The results of this review could help leaders to diagnose, measure, and evaluate their informal network structures and dynamics which are connected through shared interests, work, experiences, and collaborations.
EVALUATION OF THE PROFITABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN CASHEW NUT (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE) MARKETING IN ANKPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: P.E Adeio , E.G Adejo , J Zakari
Published: October 2019

This study assessed youth participation in cashew nut marketing in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. It specifically described the socioeconomic characteristics of the youths, examined the profitability of youth involvement in cashew nut marketing, assessed the efficiency and performance of youth in cashew nut marketing, and determined the level of market integration in cashew nut marketing. A three staged random sampling method was used to select 120 youth involved in cashew nut marketing for the study. Relevant primary data obtained through structured questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin model, marketing efficiency, and Pearson price correlation. Findings of the study showed a mean age and marketing experience of 37 years and 10 years respectively. Gross margin obtained was N 445, 563.90 per annum, N14, 811.11 per bag and N185.11per kg with a high efficiency level of 654%. The level of integration (0.415) between Awo and Enjema markets was significant 5%. Youth are encouraged to consider cashew nut marketing as an option to reduce unemployment and improve their welfare.
FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION PATTERN AT COASTAL AREA OF KARAMPUANG ISLAND
Authors: Teddu Sulaiman , Ali M. Saleh S. , Salman Darmawan
Published: October 2019

Patterns of production and consumption of food communities in coastal regions are different from the people who live in mountainous areas or other areas (agricultural society). The fundamental difference between coastal communities and the agricultural society is due to the access to land. This study aimed to assess the patterns of food production and consumption in coastal areas. The method used is a case study to look deeply at the social reality of consumption and production pattern in coastal regions. Field data collection is done systematically through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and field observation. The focus on research is the coastal community in Karampuang island. The target group is determined based on the knowledge of field conditions, and the initial information has been obtained from key informants. The most important results were obtained, namely: Patterns of food production of the island Karampuang characterized by the production of a limited form of cassava were only able to complement the food needs alone, and Society Consumption Pattern Karampuang Island is characterized by the intensity of the low consumption, low consumption type material variations.
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF GEMMEINSCHAFT-TYPE OF RURAL COMMUNITIES IN DEPOPULATION ASSOCIATED WITH AGING IN NORTHERN KYOTO AREAS, JAPAN
Authors: Kawamura Yoshio
Published: October 2019

Like other mountainous areas in Japan, the northern areas of Kyoto Prefecture have been experiencing serious depopulation with aging. The demographic phenomena have directly impacted the sustainability of rural communities. The impacts of depopulation with aging are exhaustive and on almost all aspects of rural life in the case of Gemmeinschaft-type of communities: irrigation management, co-work for agricultural road maintenance, co-work for common property such as pond and forestry, and other many functions related to daily life. Thus, the impacts of depopulation with aging are much more serious for the sustainability of community in the case of Gemmeinschaft-type of rural communities in Japan. The research used Survey Method on forty-five (45) rural communities in the areas which was done in 2011 to identify demographic factors of rural communities for their sustainability as a community. These rural communities were located in hilly and mountainous areas which generally have disadvantageous position for socioeconomic development and have small population with high percentage of elderly people who are older than 65 years old. The rural community, whose elderly people share higher than 50% of the total population, is called “a marginal village” indicating a difficulty of maintaining community activities. However, despite the similar circumstance, those communities demonstrated different dynamism of community activities.
BUILDING SUSTAINABLE AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS UNDER THE DIVIDED WORLD
Authors: Ikegami Koichi
Published: October 2019

After the UN adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), many countries and various sectors have been inclined to be involved in the internalization of SDGs. The first two SDGs show a strong will of the international community to end extreme poverty and hunger, which are the most severe problems that the Millennium Development Goals had attempted to tackle for 15 years without achieving satisfactory results. Both problems are the basic necessities of sustainability. However, current global agri-food systems based on neo-liberalism thought are unlikely to address poverty and hunger deeply. On the contrary, the current mainstream agri-food system accelerates inequality between the rich and the poor. What mechanisms are working to create a divided world? What is required to change the situation? These questions are major concerns of this paper. The divided society cannot achieve sustainable development. Accordingly, the special topic of this paper is to explore alternative movements toward a connected world while reducing global disparities, which can initiate sustainable development. This paper focuses on the development of the concept of Sustainable Development, change in agri-food systems, and critical evaluation of multinational bio-related agribusinesses. After summarizing these topics, this paper highlights the Fairtrade movement as an alternative movement, in particular, and a comparative analysis of consumers’ awareness about buying behaviors in different countries. There are no any comparative researches about this topic. Based on the unique research, this paper concludes that the Fairtrade movement can help achieve the SDGs despite many challenges.
RESEARCH TRENDS IN JAPANESE ON CHINESE AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT (FOCUSING ON PERIOD AFTER RURAL REFORM IN 1978)
Authors: Suxiang Bai
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of the Japanese research trend on Chinese family farm management published after the Chinese rural reform in 1978.The whole 152 articles were collected under the keyword of Chinese Agriculture Management through CiNii that is the most reliable academic information database in Japan. Based on article productivity the study extracted the four stage of research development: incubating stage, growing stage, peak stage, and stabilizing mature stage. Research subject categorization unveiled two general research frameworks: macro approach framework and micro approach framework. In the macro framework, farm management is structurally grasped under the relationship with external or environmental conditions surrounding farm management entities. In the micro framework farm management is grasped within internal structural relationship of family based on inputs (land and labor) and output (income).  For solving the weakness of Chinese family farm holding a small land, the study extracted two strategic frameworks of integration in farm management: agricultural industrialization and farm cooperative movement. The former is a vertical integration and the latter is a horizontal integration of farm management. Those integrations of farm management require not only macro and micro level research but also mezzo(middle) approach which focuses on the relationships between community or village and farm family. Especially this mezzo approach is important to understand the reality of farm management under the on-going situation in which many farm families depend on both agriculture and non-agriculture jobs. The fact that the dates for publications in China are limited at the macro-level of nation, province and city has created the research tendency towards bipolar differentiation in macro and micro level research. Thus mezzo-level research on towns and villages has become more important.
ASSESSMENT OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PRODUCTIVITY AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA
Authors: Sofoluwe Nurudeen Afolabi
Published: October 2019

Increase in productivity across gender line is one of the necessary conditions for sustainable level of development in the rural areas. This study assessed the differences in productivity of men and women in rural households in Southwest, Nigeria. Average and marginal productivity of women and men were assessed. Gender-disaggregated data were obtained through structured questionnaires. Using multi stage sampling approach, a total of 197 and 148 men and women rural households were randomly sampled. Cobb Douglas production function was used to analyse differentials in productivity between women and men. The results showed that women have access to marginal and small pieces of land. Men with access to improved technology have significantly (p < 0.05) higher productivity per unit of most of the inputs available. Also, the result indicates that the estimated average productivities of women are signiﬁcantly lower than those of men. Furthermore, ownership of land has a significant positive influence on the estimated productivity of men more than women. Education which is another gender factor and a measure of human asset and managerial capacity significantly (p < 0.05) increased the productivity of men (β = 0.11, t = 3.04) and women (β = 0.07, t = 3.86). In order to raise productivity and impacts development agenda for the rural sector, it would be better for women to keep the variable resource in surplus rather than utilizing it in a fixed resource contrary to what is obtainable for men.
POST-DISASTER CITY RECONSTRUCTION EFFORTS AND FISHING VILLAGES TRANSFORMATION: OVER TSUNAMI DISASTER HERITAGES
Authors: Sakaguchi Nao
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study is to clarify significance and the value of the disaster remains for suffering residents from social structure. I adopt Yoshikawa’s notion (2007) of post-disaster phases which is based on the analysis by Barton (1969); emergency phase →temporary phase →recovery and reconstruction phase →prevention phase. The study was conducted at AK district in Otsuchi Town, Iwate Prefecture. The data collection methods used were ethnography primarily participation observation and interviews. Participation observation was performed at the district meetings, board member meetings of various resident organizations, and community events held in the district. Interview sessions were conducted to obtain detailed responses from interviewees. The target were 50 people from the community including residents and residents directly affected by tsunami. The interview sessions were held from January 2014 to December 2017. In addition, I collected and referenced materials provided by the town council, documents on regional history, and fishery-related materials. After the disaster of 3.11, opposing opinions regarding tsunami remains became evident between community-based organizations, one of which is the management body of the community historically and the other is a newly emerged group after the disaster through a new leadership. Of these, community-based organization which is a newly emerged group insisted requiem. However, the women’s association was made the purpose which uses the disaster remains as tourist attractions and produced the employment, not requiem. Through this opposition, the unique structure of the fishing village in AK district was revealed.
Reservoir Geostatistical Estimates of Imprecise Information Using Fuzzy-Kriging Approach
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxi , Popa Andrei S. , Ershaghi Iraj , Aminzadeh Fred , Li Yuanjun , Cassidy Steve D.
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a methodology for the geostatistical estimation of reservoir properties to handle uncertainties in observation and modeling. Given certain known well-log data in a geological region, the Kriging methodology is used to estimate or predict spatial phenomena at nonsampled locations from the estimated random function. The approach assumes that the data are accurate and precise, and the random function is generated from a thorough descriptive analysis of the known data set. Regarding the assumptions considered in classic Kriging, it is realistic to assume that spatial data contain a certain amount of imprecision, mostly because of measurement errors, and information is lacking to properly assess a unique random-function model. A methodology is presented for the geostatistical estimation of reservoir properties to handle uncertainties in observation and modeling. A combination of regular, or classic, Kriging and the fuzzy-logic method is proposed. As such, imprecise input data and variogram parameters are modeled on the basis of fuzzy-logic theory, while the predictions and variances are computed from Kriging analysis characterized by membership functions. Last, an optimization method is included to solve the constrained fuzzy-nonlinear-equation system. The proposed methodology was implemented, and a user-friendly integrated tool was developed, which enables the user to create a grid structure on the basis of the input data, conduct statistical analysis, and run fuzzy Kriging for various problems. We used the tool to run a test case using the SPE 10 (SPE Comparative Solution Project, Model-II 2000) porosity data. With the fuzzy-Kriging methodology, two maps are generated with upper-bound values and lower-bound values. Compared with true data, the upper-bound map trends to include higher values better, while the lower-bound map trends to include lower-value parts better. In addition, a case study has been conducted using measured core-permeability data in a heterogeneous reservoir to demonstrate the viability of the technology.
Automated Pressure Control for UBD Operations: Case Study and Field Validation
Authors: Berg Christian , Stakvik Jon Åge , Kulikov Stanislav , Badrawi Maytham , Kaasa Glenn-Ole , Dubovstev Aleksandr , Korolev Sergey , Veliyev Gurban
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we present field results from a series of drilling operations where advances in sensor and control-system technology enable a high degree of automated pressure control in underbalanced-drilling (UBD) operations in Siberia, Russia. Traditionally, this fractured carbonate field was drilled conventionally using water as drilling fluid, accepting losses after hitting the first fractures, resulting in wells with access to only two or three fractures and not reaching target depth (TD) of the productive section. For these operations, a combination of nitrified water and crude oil was used. Applying automated pressure control with UBD equipment enables drilling with a controlled drawdown from the fractures, enabling the drilling of significantly longer wells, maximizing discovered fractures per well.

In this paper, we show how the drilling of these wells has been achieved with the combination of sensors for managed-pressure drilling (MPD) and UBD and an automated pressure control system that maintains a constant drawdown throughout operations.
Bayesian Modeling of Spatiotemporal patterns of TB-HIV co-infection risk in Kenya
Authors: Otiende Verrah A , Achia Thomas N O , Mwambi Henry G
Published: October 2019

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) diseases are globally acknowledged as a public health challenge that exhibits adverse bidirectional relations due to the co-epidemic overlap. To understand the co-infection burden we used the case notification data to generate spatiotemporal maps that described the distribution and exposure hypotheses for further epidemiologic investigations in areas with unusual case notification levels.
Methods
We analyzed the TB and TB-HIV case notification data from the Kenya national TB control program aggregated for forty-seven counties over a seven-year period (2012 – 2018). Using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approach (INLA), we modeled the risk of TB-HIV co-infection. Six competing models with varying space-time formulations were compared to determine the best fit model. We then assessed the geographic patterns and temporal trends of coinfection risk by mapping the posterior marginal from the best fit model.
Results
Of the total 608312 TB case notifications, 194129 were HIV co-infected. The proportion of TB-HIV co-infection was higher in females (39.7%) than in males (27.0%). A significant share of the co-infection was among adults aged 35 to 44 years (46.7%) and 45 to 54 years (42.1%). Based on the Bayesian Defiance Information (DIC) and the effective number of parameters comparisons, the spatiotemporal model 3b was the best in explaining the geographical variations in TB-HIV coinfection. The model results suggested that the risk of TB-HIV coinfection was influenced by infrastructure index (Relative risk (RR)=5.75, Credible Interval (Cr.I) = (1.65, 19.89)) and gender ratio . The lowest and highest temporal relative risks were in the years 2016 at 0.9 and 2012 at 1.07 respectively. The spatial pattern presented an increased co-infection risk in a number of counties. For the spatiotemporal interaction, only a few counties had a relative risk greater than 1 that varied in different years.
Conclusions
We identified elevated risk areas for TB/HIV co-infection and fluctuating temporal trends which could be because of improved TB case detection or surveillance bias caused by spatial heterogeneity in the co-infection dynamics. Focused interventions and continuous TB-HIV surveillance will ensure adequate resource allocation and significant reduction of HIV burden amongst TB patients
Biostimulants on Nutritional Status and Fruit Production of Mango ‘Kent’ in the Brazilian Semiarid Region
Authors: Teixeira Lobo Jackson , Lucena Cavalcante Ítalo Herbert , Nascimento Lima Augusto Miguel , Carvalho Vieira Yuri Alysson , Rodrigues Modesto Pedro Igor , Gomes da Cunha Jenilton
Published: October 2019

Adequate nutritional status is fundamental for the fruiting process of mango trees (Mangifera indica L.). In this context, plant biostimulants are substances that promote physiological and nutritional changes, benefiting production. The present study evaluated the effect of biostimulants on the nutritional status and fruit production of ‘Kent’ mango trees. The experiment was carried out in the Brazilian semiarid region over 2 consecutive years, 2016 and 2017. Leaf treatments with biostimulants were applied in three phases (preflowering, beginning of flowering, and full flowering) during both seasons. The treatments were as follows: T1) control (without biostimulants); T2) biostimulants containing nutrients and L-α-amino acids; T3) biostimulants containing nutrients and Lithothamnium algae extract; T4) biostimulants containing nutrients and sucrose; and T5) biostimulants containing nutrients, free amino acids, and Lithothamnium algae extract. The results show that there was no effect of the biostimulants for chlorophyll a, b, and total indices or for total leaf soluble carbohydrates. Some of the treatments affected the leaf concentrations of N, K, Mn, Fe, and Zn, whereas only T2 in 2016 and T5 in 2017 increased the number of fruits per panicle if compared with nontreated plants. In 2016, the production per tree was higher in T5 compared with the other treatments, whereas it was greater in 2017 in both T2 and T5 with increases of 37.4 and 23.1 kg per tree, respectively, compared with the control treatment. Biostimulants containing soluble nutrients, L-α-amino acids, free amino acids, and Lithothamnium algae extract benefit the nutritional status and increase the fruit production of mango ‘Kent’.
Variation for Heat Tolerance During Seed Germination in Diverse Carrot [Daucus carota (L.)] Germplasm
Authors: Bolton Adam , Nijabat Aneela , Mahmood-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Naveed Naima Huma , Mannan A.T.M. Majharul , Ali Aamir , Rahim Mohamed A. , Simon Philipp
Published: October 2019

Carrot production is constrained by high levels of heat stress during the germination stage in many global regions. Few studies have been published evaluating the effect of heat stress on carrot seed germination or screening for genetic heat stress tolerance. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of diverse carrot germplasm to heat stress, identify heat-tolerant germplasm that may be used by plant breeders, and define the appropriate temperature for assessing heat tolerance in germinating carrot seed. To identify an appropriate screening temperature, three commercial hybrids and an open pollinated variety were evaluated at five temperatures (24, 32.5, 35, 37.5, and 40 °C). In preliminary studies, 35 °C was identified as the optimal temperature for screening heat tolerance of carrot seed. Cultivated and wild carrot plant introductions (PIs) (n = 270) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) representing 41 countries, inbred lines from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (n = 15), and widely grown commercial hybrids (n = 8) were evaluated for heat tolerance under heat stress and nonstress conditions (35 °C and 24 °C, respectively) by calculating absolute decrease in percent germination (AD), inhibition index (II), relative heat tolerance (RHT), and heat tolerance index (HTI). All measurements of heat tolerance identified significant differences among accessions; AD ranged from −13.0% to 86.7%, II ranged from 35.7% to 100.0%, RHT ranged from 0 to 1.36, and HTI ranged from 0.0 to 1.45. The broad-sense heritability (H2) calculations ranged from 0.64 to 0.86 for different traits, indicating a moderately strong genetic contribution to the phenotypic variation. Several wild carrot accessions and inbred lines displayed low levels of heat tolerance, whereas cultivated accessions PI 643114 (United States), PI 652400 and PI 652403 (Turkey), PI 652208 (China), and PI 652403 (Russia) were most heat tolerant. This is the first evaluation of heritability for heat stress tolerance during carrot seed germination, the first measure of HTI, and the first correlation calculation between heat and salt tolerance during germination in carrot.
Influence of Photoperiod and Culture Medium on the Speed of Asymbiotic Seed Germination and Seedling Development in Spathoglottis plicata
Authors: Bran Barrientos Boris Andrés , Fang Jong-Yi
Published: October 2019

Spathoglottis plicata is an attractive, easy-to-grow, and floriferous terrestrial orchid that has become the most important horticulturally cultivated Spathoglottis species in Southeast Asia. The present research was conducted to study the asymbiotic seed germination and seedling development of this orchid under the influence of various photoperiod and medium treatments. Seeds from 28-day-old capsule were sown on five culture media, including half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (1/2 MS), Orchid Seed Sowing Medium (OSSM), BM-1 Terrestrial Orchid Medium (BM-1), Vacin and Went Modified Orchid Medium (VW), and Knudson C Orchid Medium (KC), and incubated under 0/24-hour or 16/8-hour light/dark photoperiod. Seed germination occurred in all photoperiods and media tested but at different paces. Seeds subjected to total darkness germinated more rapidly in the first 3 weeks than those subjected to light. However, seed germination under light overtook or even exceeded seed germination under dark starting on the fourth week of culture. Seedlings grown on the OSSM and VW media showed the fastest development as they reached the advanced stage (Stage 6) within 11 weeks of culture. Seedlings on the BM-1 medium were the slowest to evolve, as they required more than 16 weeks’ time to complete all the developmental stages. Light-incubated advanced stage seedlings were subcultured on the same medium until leaves and roots were well developed and acclimatized in the greenhouse with 100% survival.
Long-distance entanglement in Motzkin and Fredkin spin chains
Authors: Dell'Anna Luca
Published: October 2019

We derive some entanglement properties of the ground states for two
classes of quantum spin chains described by the Fredkin model, for
half-integer spins, and the Motzkin model, for integer ones. Since the
ground states of the two models are known analytically, we can calculate
exactly the entanglement entropy, the negativity and the quantum mutual
information. We show, in particular, that these systems exhibit
long-distance entanglement, namely two disjoint regions of the chains
remain entangled even when their separation is sent to infinity, i.e.
these systems are not affected by decoherence. This strongly entangled
behavior, Finally, we show that this behavior involves disjoint segments
located both at the edges and in the bulk of the chains.
ERKEN MODERN DÖNEM OSMANLI TOPLUMUNDA NAMUS ALGISINA DAİR BAZI GÖZLEMLER (KONYA ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: ÇETİN Cemal
Published: October 2019

Osmanlı toplumunun kültürel kodlarını layıkıyla anlayabilmek genel ahlaka, adaba ve kanuna aykırı fiil ve davranışlar ile bunlara karşı geliştirilen tepkilerin masaya yatırılmasıyla mümkündür. Osmanlı’da bireylerin toplum içindeki saygınlıklarını etkileyen unsurları dar kalıpta düşünmemek gerekir. Bireyin karakteri, çevresiyle uyumu, onur ve şerefine yönelik saldırılara karşı tavrı onun namuslu birisi olup-olmadığına dair önemli ipuçlarıdır. Kişinin namuslu biri olup olmadığını toplumsal normlarla olan uyumu göstermektedir. Eğer kişi toplumsal normlara uyan ve kendisinden emin olunan biriyse, toplumsal hafızaya namuslu, tersi davranışlarda bulunanlar ise namussuz olarak kodlanmaktaydı. Konya Şer’iye Sicillerine dayanan bu çalışma; namuslu ve ahlaklı kişiler, toplumsal normlara saldıranlara karşı mücadele etmekte, en azından hukukî süreçte, büyük ölçüde de birbirilerine destek çıkmaktadırlar
MAGCAN CUMABAYEV’İN HAYAT ÇİZGİSİ VE TRAJİK SONU
Authors: DERVİŞ Leyla
Published: October 2019

Çalışmada, Kazak bilim aleminin en önemli temsilcilerinden biri olan Magcan Cumabayev’in (1893-1938) hayatı ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Düşünürün biyografisinin temel dönüm noktaları ortaya konup, yaşamının ana aşamaları ayırt edilerek dünya görüşü ilgili değerlendirilmeler yapılmıştır. Şairin, 1920’lerde Sovyet Devleti’nin güçlendiği dönem ile Alaş siyasi hareketinde yer aldığı dönemler incelenerek özellikle sosyo-politik faaliyetleri üzerinde durulmaya çalışılmıştır. M. Cumabayev’in siyasi çelişkileri, proleter enternasyonalizm ilkeleriyle Kazak milliyetçiliğini birleştirme yönündeki hedefleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Cumabaev’in şiirsel yaratıcılığının doğası, pedagojik bilimin gelişimine katkısı da belirtirmeye çalışılmıştır. Cumabayev’in pedagojik görüşlerinin yenilikçiliği vurgulanmış, bu da önerdiği didaktik ilkelerin içeriğinde ifade edilmiştir. M. Cumabayev’in kişiliğinin, Kazak tarihi ile ilgili faaliyetlerinin ve onun yaşamının trajik sonuna götüren etmenlerin önemi sonuçları vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır.
DEĞERLER EĞİTİMİ BAĞLAMINDA HIZIR BİN YAKUB’UN CEVÂHİRÜ’L-ME’ÂNÎ ADLI ESERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DİREKCİ Bekir
Published: October 2019

İnsanları birbirine bağlayan, toplumun devamını sağlayan değerler kültürel ve toplumsal olarak bir arada yaşama imkânı sunan unsurların başında gelir. Değerler, kişilerin ve toplumların davranış biçimlerini ve yaşayışlarını etkiler. Eğitimin amacı bireye sadece bilgi aktarmak değil belirlenmiş öğretim programlarının dışında bazı alışkanlık, değer ve tutumları da kazandırmaktır. Ülkemizde uygulanan eğitim sisteminde, ders kitapları temel ders malzemesi konumundadır. Ders kitaplarındaki metinlerde, kültürel ve toplumsal değerlerin yabancı kaynaklardan değil, yerli kaynaklardan temin edilmesi öğrencilerin değerleri kazanma sürecini olumlu yönde etkileyecektir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında Türk diline ait eserlerin önemi bir kat daha artmaktadır. Bu eserlerden biri, dinî ve tasavvufi nitelik taşıyan Cevâhirü’l-Me’ânî adlı eserdir. Bu çalışma, Cevâhirü’l-Me’ânî’de Millî Eğitim Bakanlığının 2018 yılında belirlediği kök değerlerin durumunun betimlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Eser kök değerler açısından betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılarak iki farklı araştırmacı tarafından incelenmiştir. Cevâhirü’l-Me’ânî’deki incelemeler sonucunda programda yer alan kök değerlerden öz denetimin 23, sorumluluğun 21, sabrın 11, sevginin 9, adaletin 8, yardımseverliğin 8, dostluğun 6, saygının 3, vatanseverliğin 2 olmak üzere toplam 98 yerde işlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, programda yer alan kök değerler çerçevesinde Cevâhirü’l-Me’ânî’nin kök değerler açısından öğreticiliği ve eğiticiliği ortaya konulmuştur. Özellikle öz denetim, sorumluluk ve sabır kök değerlerinin eserde sıklıkla işlenmesi, bu değerleri içeren metinlerin ders kitaplarında kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermektedir.
GÜNEY AZERBAYCAN TÜRKÇESİNDE “ÖZ” VE “BİLE” ZAMİRLERİ
Authors: DOĞAN Talip
Published: October 2019

Türk dilinde dönüşlük ifadesi, genellikle dönüşlülük zamirleri ya da -(X)n ~ -(X)l gibi eylemlere getirilen ekler aracılığıyla bildirilir. Türk dilinin tarihî dönemlerinde dönüşlülük zamirleri olarak başlıca öz ve kentü (>kendü>kendi) sözcükleri kullanılmıştır. Her iki sözcük, bir arada ve benzer işlevlerle Eski Oğuz Türkçesinde de yer almıştır. Daha sonra Eski Oğuz Türkçesinden gelişen lehçelerde öz ve kendü zamirlerinin sınırlarında bir ayrışma olmuştur. Öz zamiri, Azerbaycan sahasında; kendü zamiri ise Türkiye (Osmanlı) sahasında yerleşmiştir.Güney Azerbaycan Türkçesinde dönüşlülük zamiri işleviyle öz sözcüğü kullanılır. Öz’ün bundan başka pekiştirme, şahıs zamiri ve sıfat işlevleri de vardır. Güney Azerbaycan Türkçesinin kimi ağızlarında zamir özelliğiyle ayrıca bile ~ bėle ~ bele sözcüğü kullanılmaktadır. Bile sözcüğü, zamir kategorisinde sadece şahıs zamiri işlevini yerine getirmektedir. Bile, şahıs zamiri işlevinde ancak iyelik ekleri ve bazı durum ekleriyle veya çekim edatlarıyla kullanılabilmektedir. Bile’nin dönüşlülük zamiri, pekiştirme ve sıfat işlevleri bulunmamaktadır.
EFSANELERE GÖRE ANADOLU’DAKİ GÖLLERİN ADLARI
Authors: AYVA Aziz
Published: October 2019

Belirli yer, kişi ve olaylar hakkında anlatılan ve inandırıcılık özelliği olan mensur kısa anlatmalara efsane denir. Efsanelerin içerisinde belirli yerler hakkında anlatılanlar önemli bir yer tutar. Göller üzerine anlatılan efsaneler ise bunlar içerisinde ilk sırayı alacak kadar fazladır. Göllerin adlandırmalarında coğrafî etkenlerin yanında, halkın hafızasında yaşayan efsanelere bağlı etkenlerin de etkili olduğu görülmektedir. “Ali Gelmez”,” Sapanca”, “Hafız Boğulan Yer”, “Gelin Geldi”, “Hasan Boğuldu”, vb. göl adları bunlar hakkında anlatılan efsanelere bağlı olarak verilmiştir. Ad bilimi içerisinde efsane ve menkıbelere bağlı olarak verilen adlandırmalar oldukça önemlidir. Bu düşünceden hareketle çalışmada, Anadolu’dan tespit ettiğimiz göl efsanelerinin ad bilimi açısından değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır.