bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensic Implications of the New Classification of ICD-11 Paraphilic Disorders in Brazil
Authors: Abdalla-Filho Elias , de Jesus Mari Jair , Diehl Alessandra , Vieira Denise Leite , Ribeiro Rafael Bernardon , Marins de Moraes Talvane , Reed Geoffrey M. , Kismodi Eszter , Cordeiro Quirino
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse appointed a Working Group on Sexual Disorders and Sexual Health in order to revise and propose changes to ICD-10 categories.

Aim

Analyze ethical and legal implications in Brazil of the proposed ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for paraphilic disorders.

Methods

A forensic working group of Brazilian experts in collaboration with representatives of WHO reviewed the proposed modifications to the classification of Disorders of Sexual Preference in ICD-10 (F65), which is recommended to be replaced by Paraphilic Disorders in ICD-11. Proposals were reviewed through a medicolegal lens, using a legal and policy analysis guide put forth by WHO. The premise of this review was to understand that, although the ICD classification is intended to provide a basis for clinical and statistical health interventions, medical diagnostics may also be entangled in the complex legal, normative, and political environment of various countries.

Main Outcome Measure

The most important proposed change to this section is to limit the concept of paraphilic disorders primarily to patterns of sexual arousal involving a focus on others who are unwilling or unable to consent, but this change has not affected the ethical and legal aspects of psychiatric functioning in the Brazil.

Results

Because Brazilian criminal law is directed toward criminal behavior and not to specific psychiatric diagnoses, the changes proposed for ICD-11 are not expected to create obstacles to health services or to modify criminal sentencing.

Clinical Implications

Although ICD-11 has a number of changes in its content, there are no significant clinical implications in the Brazilian context, but a better clarity of conceptual definitions and diagnostic criteria.

Strengths & Limitations

The study is conducted with people from different Brazilian states, which is important for a comprehensive view. On the other hand, considering that it is a very heterogeneous country, there is the limitation that an even wider scope of the study is not possible.

Conclusion

In the Brazilian context, the new guidelines for paraphilic disorders contribute to clinical utility and are not expected to create difficulties related to the legal, social, and economic consequences of sexual offenses in the country.
Safety of a New Subcutaneous Testosterone Enanthate Auto-Injector: Results of a 26-Week Study
Authors: Gittelman Marc , Jaffe Jonathan S. , Kaminetsky Jed C.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Patients with testosterone deficiency (TD) can be treated with exogenous testosterone (T) to achieve and maintain physiologic T levels and prevent negative clinical symptoms; with many testosterone replacement therapies currently available, this registration safety study was conducted to further characterize the clinical profile of chronically administered, concentration-guided subcutaneous testosterone enanthate (TE) dosing.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to confirm the safety and characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of the subcutaneous TE auto-injector (SCTE-AI) in adult men with TD.

Methods

In this phase III, 26-week study, 133 men 18−75 years of age with symptomatic TD self-administered SCTE-AI 75 mg once weekly for 6 weeks from July 2015 to June 2016. Dosing was adjusted when indicated to 50 mg or 100 mg to maintain T trough levels between 350 and 650 ng/dL (12.1−22.5 nmol/L). PK data were collected from a subgroup of patients receiving 75 mg SCTE-AI through week 12. Safety, including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), lipid levels, and adverse drug reactions, and PK were assessed.

Main Outcome Measures

The main outcomes were the documentation of the reproducibility of trough concentration-guided exposure to SCTE, 6-month safety profile, and PK data for the 75 mg dose SCTE.

Results

In total, 34 patients (25.6%) experienced adverse drug reactions; the most frequently reported were increased hematocrit (≥52%) in 10 patients (7.5%), injection-site hemorrhage in 6 patients (4.5%), injection-site bruising in 4 patients (3.0%), and increased prostate-specific antigen in 4 patients (3.0%). By week 26, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) measured in the clinic increased by 3.4 mmHg (125.6−129.0 mmHg) and 1.8 mmHg (78.2−80.0 mmHg), respectively, from baseline. At week 12, ABPM showed 24-hour mean systolic and diastolic BP increases of 3.7 mmHg and 1.3 mmHg, respectively. All measured lipid fractions were below baseline levels at week 26. T, TE, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol increased from weeks 1−12. T trough levels ranged from 300−650 ng/dL (10.4−22.5 nmol/L) in 82.4% and 83.2% of patients at weeks 12 and 26, respectively. Of the 965 assessed injections, mild pain was reported by 1 patient.

Clinical Implications

Dosing with SCTE is well-tolerated overall, yet associated with a numerically small mean systolic BP increase.

Strengths & Implications

This study used a standardized ABPM protocol, confirming a numerically small systolic BP increase may be associated with reintroducing therapeutic T exposure in hypogonadal men. It is unknown at this time whether this applies with all routes of T supplementation.

Conclusion

SCTE-AI has a favorable safety profile and is well-tolerated, with a stable PK profile.

Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02504541.
“Fulfilling His Needs, Not Mine”: Reasons for Not Talking About Painful Sex and Associations with Lack of Pleasure in a Nationally Representative Sample of Women in the United States
Authors: Carter Allison , Ford Jessie V. , Luetke Maya , Fu Tsung-chieh (Jane) , Townes Ashley , Hensel Devon J. , Dodge Brian , Herbenick Debby
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Although much research has examined correlates of pain during sex, far less research has examined why women have sex despite having pain and why they avoid telling their partner.

Aim

The purpose of our study was to examine women’s reports of painful sex, including location of pain, whether they told their partner, factors associated with not disclosing their pain, and their reasons for not disclosing.

Methods

We used data from the 2018 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, a probability-based online survey of 2,007 individuals ages 14 to 49 years. We limited our sample to adult women who reported a sexual experience that was painful in the past year (n = 382; 23.2%). The primary outcome in quantitative analyses was whether women told their partner they experienced pain during sex. Associations with social identities and sexual health were explored via logistic regression. Those who did not tell their partner about painful sex were asked why; their accounts were coded and analyzed qualitatively.

Main Outcome Measure

Women were asked, “To what extent was this sexual experience physically painful for you?” Those who reported any pain were asked, “Did you tell your partner that you were in pain during sex?” and, if applicable, “Why didn’t you tell your partner that you were in pain during sex?”

Results

Of those reporting pain during sex, most said it was “a little painful” (81.6%) and occurred at the vaginal entrance (31.5%), inside the vagina (34.4%), or at or around the cervix (17.4%). Overall, 51.0% (n = 193/382) told their partner about their pain. Adjusting for age and wantedness, women who reported little or no event-level sexual pleasure had nearly 3-fold greater odds of not telling a partner about painful sex (adjusted odds ratio = 3.24; 95% CI, 1.43–7.37). Normalizing painful sex, considering pain to be inconsequential, prioritizing the partner’s enjoyment, and gendered interactional pressures were the predominant themes in women’s narratives.

Clinical Implications

Providers should ask about painful sex, if the woman continues intercourse despite pain, and how she feels about this as a means of assessing any sexual and social pressures.

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths include the use of social theory in nationally representative survey research to examine how contextual factors influence sexual health, but experiences were largely limited to heterosexual interactions.

Conclusion

Many women do not discuss painful sex with their partners, lack of pleasure is significantly more likely among this group, and gender norms and cultural scripts are critical to understanding why.
New Earth Orbiter Provides a Sharper Look at a Changing Planet
Authors: Magruder Lori , Neumann Tom , Fricker Helen , Farrell Sinead , Brunt Kelly , Gardner Alex , Hancock David , Harbeck Kaitlin , Jasinski Michael , Kwok Ron , Kurtz Nathan , Lee Jeffrey , Markus Thorsten , Morison Jamie , Neuenschwander Amy , Palm Stephen , Popescu Sorin , Smith Ben , Yang Yuekui
Published: September 2019

A first look at data from NASA’s laser altimeter mission ICESat-2 reveals very high resolution 3-D profiles of ice on land and sea, forests, and shallow bodies of water.
No One-Size-Fits-All Way to Combat Urban Heat Island Effect
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: September 2019

Tropical and dry cities respond differently to heat mitigation strategies. This difference should be considered when trying to protect residents from increasingly dangerous summer temperatures.
Young Voters Express Frustration and Hope at MSNBC’s Climate Forum
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: September 2019

The majority of young voters believe humans have caused climate change. Who will win their vote?
Members of Congress Look for Common Ground on Climate Change
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: September 2019

Republican Francis Rooney and Democrat Paul Tonko hope that Congress can move forward to address climate change.
Synergistic catalysis of CuO/In2O3 composites for highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO
Authors: Chu Senlin , Hong Song , Masa Justus , Li Xin , Sun Zhenyu
Published: September 2019

We demonstrate synergistic catalysis of CuO and In2O3 for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO.
Receptors for sulfate that function across a wide pH range in mixed aqueous–DMSO media
Authors: Qin Lei , Wright James R. , Lane Jakob D. E. , Berry Stuart N. , Elmes Robert B. P. , Jolliffe Katrina A.
Published: September 2019

Water soluble macrocyclic squaramides bind selectively to sulfate in aqueous–DMSO mixtures across a pH range from 3.2–14.
A method for extending AC susceptometry to long-timescale magnetic relaxation
Authors: Hilgar Jeremy D. , Butts Aaron K. , Rinehart Jeffrey D.
Published: September 2019

An experimental approach to extract arbitrarily-long-timescale magnetic relaxation information from superparamagnets using standard magnetometry equipment is presented.
Designing a new type of magnetic ionic liquid: a strategy to improve the magnetic susceptibility
Authors: Wu Kaige , Shen Xinghai
Published: September 2019

In order to improve the magnetic susceptibility, MILs were prepared by incorporating lanthanide ions in both the cation and anion.
Monolayer SnP3: an excellent p-type thermoelectric material
Authors: Zhu Xue-Liang , Liu Peng-Fei , Zhang Junrong , Zhang Ping , Zhou Wu-Xing , Xie Guofeng , Wang Bao-Tian
Published: September 2019

Monolayer SnP3 is a novel two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor material with high carrier mobility and large optical absorption coefficient, implying its potential applications in the photovoltaic and thermoelectric (TE) fields.
Recent advances of AIE dots in NIR imaging and phototherapy
Authors: Zhang Ruoyu , Duan Yukun , Liu Bin
Published: September 2019

This review highlights various strategies to develop AIE dots through controlling different energy decay pathways for applications in NIR bioimaging and phototherapy.
Construction of indeno[1,2-a]fluorene via domino reaction of 1,3-indanedione and 3-arylideneindolin-2-ones or chalcones
Authors: Cao Jun , Sun Jing , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: September 2019

The base promoted domino reaction of 1,3-indanedione with 3-arylideneindolin-2-ones or chalcones afforded novel polysubstituted indeno[1,2-a]fluorenes.
ZnxCo3−xO4 bimetallic oxides derived from metal–organic frameworks for enhanced acetone sensing performances
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Cao Shuang , Zhang Rui , Fei Teng , Zhang Tong
Published: September 2019

Gas sensors based on ZnxCo3−xO4 bimetallic oxides derived from metal–organic frameworks exhibit a very high response of 35.6 to acetone and the limit of detection is as low as 0.5 ppm.
Copper surface doping to improve the structure and surface properties of manganese-rich cathode materials for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Chen Tao , Liu Weifang , Zhuo Yi , Hu Hang , Guo Jing , Liu Yaochi , Yan Jun , Liu Kaiyu
Published: September 2019

A facile copper surface doping process is proposed to enhance the surface structural stability of manganese-rich layered oxide cathodes.
The behavior and modelling of the vibrational-to-translational temperature ratio at long time scales in CO2 vibrational kinetics
Authors: Moreno Sergio H. , Stankiewicz Andrzej I. , Stefanidis Georgios D.
Published: September 2019

Reaction kinetics study of the vibrational-to-translational temperature ratio of CO2, a crucial variable to achieve an energetically efficient dissociation in non-thermal plasma.
Extraordinary solution-processability of lignin in phenol–maleic anhydride and dielectric films with controllable properties
Authors: Fan Qi , Liu Tao , Zhang Chaoqun , Liu Zhenzhen , Zheng Wenxu , Ou Rongxian , Wang Qingwen
Published: September 2019

Extraordinary solution-processability of lignin based on cost-efficient supramolecular systems and their potential application for renewable transient dielectrics are investigated.
Electronic doping-enabled transition from n- to p-type conductivity over Au@CdS core–shell nanocrystals toward unassisted photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Pan Rongrong , Liu Jia , Li Yuemei , Li Xinyuan , Zhang Erhuan , Di Qiumei , Su Mengyao , Zhang Jiatao
Published: September 2019

Here we show a novel strategy for tailoring the synergistic electrical properties of metal@semiconductor hybrid nanocrystals (HNCs) based on cation exchange-enabled electronic doping.
Surface dual-oxidation induced metallic copper doping into NiFe electrodes for electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Ma Yaming , Wang Ke , Liu Dongyu , Yang Xuxiao , Wu Hu , Xiao Chunhui , Ding Shujiang
Published: September 2019

Cu–NiFe LDH/NF is first prepared by “dual-oxidation etching synthesis”. The electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability for water oxidation. The preparation method fulfills the feasibility to large areas of manufacturing.
Constructing high-performance 3D porous self-standing electrodes with various morphologies and shapes by a flexible phase separation-derived method
Authors: Yi Hongming , Li Dan , Lv Zhiqiang , Li Rui , Ling Moxiang , Zhang Huamin , Zheng Qiong , Li Xianfeng
Published: September 2019

High-performance 3D porous self-standing electrodes with various morphologies and shapes are constructed by a flexible phase separation-derived method.
Rapid antibacterial effect of sunlight-exposed silicon nanowire arrays modified with Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Huang Xiuzhen , Jin Sheng , Wang Hongwei , Yuan Lin , Brash John L.
Published: September 2019

Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles modified silicon nanowire arrays can kill bacterial cells in several minutes under sunlight due to their photothermal and photocatalytic activities.
Iodine-doped graphite carbon nitride for enhancing photovoltaic device performance via passivation trap states of triple cation perovskite films
Authors: Cao Wei , Lin Kaifeng , Li Junzhuo , Qiu Lele , Dong Yayu , Wang Jiaqi , Xia Debin , Fan Ruiqing , Yang Yulin
Published: September 2019

Iodine-doped graphite carbon nitride is utilized to optimize the quality of perovskite films and enhance the photovoltaic performance of devices.
Eigenvectors, Circulation, and Linear Instabilities for Planetary Science in 3 Dimensions (ECLIPS3D)
Authors: Debras F. , Mayne N. , Baraffe I. , Goffrey T. , Thuburn J.
Published: September 2019

Context. The study of linear waves and instabilities is necessary to understand the physical evolution of an atmosphere, and can provide physical interpretation of the complex flows found in simulations performed using global circulation models (GCMs). In particular, the acceleration of superrotating flow at the equator of hot Jupiters has mostly been studied under several simplifying assumptions, the relaxing of which may impact final results.

Aims. We develop and benchmark a publicly available algorithm to identify the eigenmodes of an atmosphere around any initial steady state. We also solve for linear steady states indicated to be essential in existing theories of the acceleration of hot Jupiter superrotation.

Methods. We linearise the hydrodynamical equations of a planetary atmosphere in a steady state with arbitrary velocities and thermal profile. We then discretise the linearised equations on an appropriate staggered grid, and solve for eigenvectors and linear steady solutions with the use of a parallel library for linear algebra: ScaLAPACK. We also implement a posteriori calculation of an energy equation in order to obtain more information on the underlying physics of the mode.

Results. Our code is tested using classical wave and instability test cases in multiple geometries (2D, 3D, two-layer equivalent depth). The steady linear circulation calculations also reproduce expected results for the atmosphere of hot Jupiters. We finally show the robustness of our energy equation, and its power to obtain physical insight into the modes.

Conclusions. We developed and tested a code for the study of linear processes in planetary atmospheres with an arbitrary steady state. The calculation of an a posteriori energy equation provides both increased robustness and physical meaning to the obtained eigenmodes. This code can be applied to various problems, and notably used to further study the initial spin up of superrotation of GCM simulations of hot Jupiters.
Cooccurrence of Two Different Genetic Diseases: A Case of Valproic Acid Hepatotoxicity in Nicolaides–Baraitser Syndrome (SMARCA2 Mutation)—Due to a POLG1-Related Effect?
Authors: Hofmeister Benedikt , von Stülpnagel Celina , Berweck Steffen , Abicht Angela , Kluger Gerhard , Weber Peter
Published: September 2019

Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS) is a rare disease caused by a mutation in the SMARCA2 gene. Clinical features include craniofacial dysmorphia and abnormalities of the limbs, as well as intellectual disorder and often epilepsy. Hepatotoxicity is a rare complication of the therapy with valproic acid (VPA) and a mutation of the polymerase γ (POLG) might lead to a higher sensitivity for liver hepatotoxicity. We present a patient with the coincidence of two rare diseases, the NCBRS and additionally a POLG1 mutation in combination with a liver hepatotoxicity. The co-occurrence in children for two different genetic diseases is discussed with the help of literature review.
Recurrent Myalgia since Early Infancy—Misleading Clinical Course in a Child with Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-II Deficiency
Authors: Arélin Maria , Zierz Stephan , Ceglarek Uta , Heinemann Mitja , Beblo Skadi , Merkenschlager Andreas
Published: September 2019

Metabolic myopathies are heterogeneous hereditary diseases affecting skeletal muscle energy supply. Symptoms usually comprise pain, cramps, hypotonia, weakness, and myoglobinuria.

We present a boy with recurrent myalgia and weakness after some minutes of exercise or during febrile infections since early infancy. First laboratory workup at the age of 9 years showed no abnormalities, apart from a slightly elevated creatine kinase. After exclusion of common structural and metabolic myopathies, next generation sequencing panel (4 years after the initial diagnostic metabolic workup) revealed two potentially pathogenic missense mutations in the CPT2 gene (c.149C > A (p.P50H) and c.1459G > A (p.E487K)).

Our case underscores the clinical variability of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency and illustrates a pitfall of diagnostic algorithms for metabolic myopathies. Myalgia following exercise of a few minutes duration would have argued for a carbohydrate and against a fatty acid metabolic defect. However, CPT II deficiency is the most common disorder of muscle fatty acid metabolism and should be considered even in atypical scenarios. Analyses of plasma acyl carnitine profile during acute metabolic crises may help to unmask biochemical markers which are often overlooked in dried-blood analyses.
Treatment of Colocutaneous Fistula in the Left Thigh
Authors: Huda Tanweerul , Pandya Bharati
Published: September 2019

Aim There are few publications on the surgical management of a colocutaneous fistula in the thigh. Here, we describe a patient who presented with a 2-year history of fecal fistula in the left thigh, following a history of drainage of a psoas abscess. This is followed by a discussion of appropriate treatment modalities for this type of fistula.

Methods To determine the appropriate treatment for our patient with chronic fistula, we thoroughly reviewed the relevant literature in an Internet-based search and selected a staged operative approach for our patient.

Results Using a staged surgical procedure, we were able to resolve the colocutaneous fistula without the occurrence of comorbidities.

Conclusion Substantial morbidity is associated with the presence of colocutaneous fistulas. The best possible approach is prevention of its occurrence, but this is not always feasible. Measures for management of an acute fistula differ from those in patients with chronic fistula. Medical management can be more effective in acute cases, while chronic cases require surgical management. We used a staged surgical method with a few risks for our patient and he is in good health 1 year after treatment.
Totally Laparoscopic Resection of an Extremely Giant Hepatic Hemangioma
Authors: Veerankutty Fadl H. , Rather Shiraz Ahmad , Yeldho Varghese , Zacharia Bincy M. , TU Shabeer Ali , B. Venugopal
Published: September 2019

Risk of massive intraoperative hemorrhage and the difficulty to control it makes the laparoscopic treatment of giant hepatic hemangiomas (GH) a challenge for minimally invasive hepatobiliary surgeons. Symptomatic GHs of more than 20 cm (extremely giant hepatic hemangiomas) are typically treated with an open resection. There is a paucity of literature on laparoscopic resection of extremely giant hepatic hemangiomas. We describe (with video), here, the technical nuances of pure laparoscopic resection of an extremely giant hepatic hemangioma using modified port positions and the anterior approach.
Aesthetic Breast Surgery: What Do the Measurements Reveal?
Authors: Bolletta Elisa , Mcgoldrick Ciara , Hall-Findlay Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

Background

Do plastic surgeons really know what happens to the breast after surgery? We often think that we do, but we have very few measurements to show whether we are on the right track.

Objectives

Only when the surgeon can predict the changes can she or he achieve consistent outcomes. Measurements lead to understanding; understanding what the measurements show allows us to refine our approach.

Methods

Consecutive patients in 4 categories were analyzed: breast reduction, mastopexy, augmentation, and mastopexy-augmentation. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon and all measurements were performed by the same surgeon. A standard measuring tape was utilized, and data were collected immediately preoperatively and at each follow-up visit. Only those patients with preoperative and complete 1-year postoperative measurements were included in this review. The parameters measured were clavicle to upper breast border (UBB), UBB to nipple, suprasternal notch (SSN) to nipple, SSN to inframammary fold (IMF), and chest midline to nipple.

Results

The changes were consistent. The borders of the breast footprint were expanded with the addition of an implant (UBB and IMF) and reduced with the removal of parenchyma (IMF). The existing SSN to nipple position was stretched when volume was added to the breast mound and it remained unchanged from the preoperatively marked position in a breast reduction.

Conclusions

Although measurements are not necessary to achieve good aesthetic results in breast surgery, surgeons should understand what the measurements show and what happens to the different breast parameters.

Level of Evidence: 3
Long-Living Budding Yeast Cell Subpopulation Induced by Ethanol/Acetate and Respiration
Authors: Kwon Young-Yon , Kim Seung-Soo , Lee Han-Jun , Sheen Seo-Hyeong , Kim Kyoung Heon , Lee Cheol-Koo
Published: September 2019

Budding yeast generate heterogeneous cells that can be separated into two distinctive cell types: short-living low-density and long-living high-density (HD) cells by density gradient centrifugation. We found that ethanol and acetate induce formation of HD cells, and mitochondrial respiration is required. From their transcriptomes and metabolomes, we found upregulated differentially expressed genes in HD cells involved in the RGT2/RGT1 glucose sensing pathway and its downstream genes encoding hexose transporters. For HD cells, we determined an abundance of various carbon sources including glucose, lactate, pyruvate, trehalose, mannitol, mannose, and galactose. Other upregulated differentially expressed genes in HD cells were involved in the TORC1–SCH9 signaling pathway and its downstream genes involved in cytoplasmic translation. We also measured an abundance of free amino acids in HD cells including valine, proline, isoleucine, and glutamine. These characteristics of the HD cell transcriptome and metabolome may be important conditions for maintaining a long-living phenotype.
Shorter Telomere Length in Carriers of APOE-ε4 and High Plasma Concentration of Glucose, Glyoxal and Other Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)
Authors: Dhillon Varinderpal S , Deo Permal , Chua Ann , Thomas Phil , Fenech Michael
Published: September 2019

Apolipoprotein-ε4 (APOE-ε4)—common variant is a major genetic risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). An accelerated rate of biological aging could contribute to this increased risk. Glycation of serum proteins due to excessive glucose and reactive oxygen species leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs)—a risk factor for diabetes and AD, and decline in motor functioning in elderly adults. Aim of present study was to investigate impact of APOE-ε4 allele containing genotype and accumulation of AGEs in plasma on telomere length (TL). Results showed that TL is significantly shorter in APOE-ε4 carriers compared with non-APOE-ε4 carriers (p = .0003). Higher plasma glucose level was associated with shorter TL irrespective of APOE-ε4 allele containing genotype (r = −.26; p = .0004). With regard to AGEs, higher plasma glyoxal and fluorescent AGEs concentrations were inversely related to TL (r = −.16; p = .03; r = −.28; p = .0001), however, plasma Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine levels didn't correlate with TL (r = −.04; p = .57). Results support the hypotheses that APOE-ε4 carriers have shorter telomeres than noncarriers and telomere erosion is increased with higher concentration of glucose, fluorescent AGEs, and glyoxal.
Against Sovereignty in Cyberspace
Authors: Mueller Milton L
Published: September 2019

In discussing the historical origins of sovereignty, Jens Bartelson (2018, 510) wrote, “Making sense of sovereignty . . . entails making sense of its component terms—supreme authority and territory—and how these terms were forged together into a concept.” The question of sovereignty in cyberspace, however, inverts this historical “forging together,” as territoriality and authority are sundered in cyberspace. This paper argues that attempts to apply sovereignty to cyberspace governance are inappropriate to the domain. It develops a technically grounded definition of “cyberspace” and examines its characteristics as a distinct domain for action, conflict, and governance, while clarifying its relationship to territoriality. It reviews the literature on cyberspace and sovereignty since the early 1990s, showing the emergence of explicitly pro-sovereigntist ideas and practices in the last ten years. The cyber-sovereignty debate is linked to IR research on the historical emergence of sovereignty, demonstrating how technologies routinely change the basis of international order and challenging the presumption that territorial sovereignty is a stable and uniform principle of international organization that can be presumptively applied to the internet. The paper also links the conceptual debate over cyber-sovereignty to the real-world geopolitical struggle over the governance of the internet, showing how different conceptions of sovereignty serve the interests of different powers, notably the United States, Russia, and China. The paper explores the relevance of an alternative governance model for cyberspace based on the global commons concept. It refutes the arguments made against that model and then explains what difference it might make to governance if we conceive of cyberspace in that way.
Institutional Habitus, State identity, and China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Authors: Loh Dylan M H
Published: September 2019

Foreign ministries play a critical role in international relations and are the main interface of diplomacy. Yet, in international relations scholarship, foreign ministries are relatively neglected as an object of scholarly analysis and feature very little around discussions of state's agency and identity. Using China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) as a foil, I suggest that foreign ministries develop dispositions, perceive the social world around them, and react to the world from these orientations. The implication of this, then, are that foreign ministries are contributive to a state's identity and “actorness.” In that way, I develop the concept of institutional habitus to understand China's MOFA and the ways in which this habitus is sustained and performed through MOFA's physical artefacts and its agents. This rendering of habitus responds to sociology's invitation to extend Bourdieu-inspired analysis toward organizations and organizational change and, more broadly, complements existing theorization of state identity by showcasing an important but omitted source of identity: the foreign ministry. I argue that China's MOFA's organizational habitus manifests and preserves itself through three means: first, through the iterative reinscription of institutional memory and invocation of history; second, through displays of fealty; and third, in organizational and personal self-regulation, discipline, and taciturnity.
Feedlot performance and biological responses to coated and non-coated steroidal implants containing trenbolone acetate and estradiol benzoate in finishing beef steers123
Authors: Smith Zachary K , Kim Jongkyoo , Johnson Bradley J
Published: September 2019

Predominately Angus steers (n = 24; initial BW = 435 ± 28.3 kg) were used to evaluate non-coated (NC) and coated implants (CI) containing equal amounts of trenbolone acetate (TBA; 200 mg) and estradiol benzoate (EB; 28 mg) in finishing steers on sera metabolite responses, gene expression, and immunohistochemical analyses of the Longissimus muscle (LM). Performance data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design, and all other data were analyzed as repeated measures for a completely randomized design. Treatments were no implant (NI), NC (Synovex-PLUS; Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ), and CI (Synovex-One Feedlot) implant. There were 2 pen replicates per treatment (n = 4 steers/pen). LM biopsies, blood, and BW were collected before feeding on days 0, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 133, with final BW being captured on day 140. Genes of interest were determined by RT-qPCR using two housekeeping genes. Sera was analyzed for estradiol-17β (E2),17β-trenbolone (TbOH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), NEFA, and urea-N (SUN). An α of 0.10 determined significance for performance and sera data; α of 0.05 was used for gene and histology data. No performance differences (P ≥ 0.10) were detected. An implant × day interaction (P ≤ 0.10) for E2, IGF-I, and SUN was detected; implants elevated (P ≤ 0.10) E2, 17β-TbOH, and IGF-I; and decreased SUN across day of the study, meaning sera metabolites are not altered with time on feed. An implant × day interaction was detected for myogenic factor 5 (MYF-5) positive cells and proportions of MHCIIX. In LM, CI had greater (P < 0.10) IGF-I in LM over NI. CI increased (P < 0.05) G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) expression, as well as, GPER1 semi-quantitative scores over NI and NC. An implant × day interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for estrogen and androgen receptor-positive nuclei was detected; implants had increased (P ≤ 0.05) estrogen and androgen receptor-positive nuclei compared to NI. CIs increase genes associated with muscle tissue growth.
Association study reveals Th17, Treg, and Th2 loci related to resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Florida Native sheep1
Authors: Estrada-Reyes Zaira Magdalena , Rae Owen , Postley Carol , Jiménez Medrano Myriam Berenice , Leal Gutiérrez Joel David , Mateescu Raluca Georgiana
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to identify for the first time single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with Haemonchus contortus resistance in Florida Native sheep, using a targeted sequencing approach. One hundred and fifty-three lambs were evaluated in this study. At the start of the trial, phenotypic records for fecal egg count (FEC), FAMACHA score, body condition score (BCS), and weight were recorded and deworming of sheep with levamisole (18 mg/kg of body weight) was performed. Ten days post-deworming (baseline) and 28 d post-baseline, a full hematogram of each sheep was obtained and FEC, FAMACHA score, BCS, and weight were assessed. Average daily gain was calculated at the end of the trial. Out of 153 animals, 100 sheep were selected for genotyping using a targeted sequencing approach. Targeted sequencing panel included 100 candidate genes for immune response against H. contortus. SNPs were discarded if call rate <95% and minor allele frequency ≤0.05. A mixed model was used to analyze the response variables and included the identity by state matrix to control for population structure. A contemporary group (age, group, and sex) was included as fixed effect. Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple testing. Eighteen SNPs on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 15, 18, 20, 24, and 26 were significant for different traits. Our results suggest that loci related to Th17, Treg, and Th2 responses play an important role in the expression of resistant phenotypes. Several genes including ITGA4, MUC15, TLR3, PCDH7, CFI, CXCL10, TNF, CCL26, STAT3, GPX2, IL2RB, and STAT6 were identified as potential markers for resistance to natural H. contortus exposure. This is the first study that evaluates potential genetic markers for H. contortus resistance in Florida Native sheep.
Sedation and Analgesia for Adult Outpatient Burn Dressing Change: A Survey of American Burn Association Centers
Authors: Voss Jordan K , Lozenski Jeanette , Hansen Jennifer K , Salerno Shannon , Lackamp Aaron , Parks Jennifer , Bhavsar Dhaval , Kovac Anthony L
Published: September 2019

The management of pain and sedation during burn dressing change is challenging. Previous reviews and studies have identified wide variability in such practices in hospitalized burn patients. This survey-based study aimed to determine the most commonly utilized sedation and analgesia practices in adult burn patients treated in the outpatient setting. The goal was to identify opportunities for improvement and to assist burn centers in optimizing sedation procedures. A 23-question survey was sent to members of the American Burn Association. Nonpharmacological interventions including music, television, games, and virtual reality were used by 68% of survey respondents. Eighty-one percent reported premedicating with oral opioids, 32% with intravenous opioids, and 45% with anxiolytics. Fifty-nine percentage of respondents indicated that the initial medication regimen for outpatient dressing changes consisted of the patient's existing oral pain medications. Forty-three percent indicated that there were no additional options if this regimen provided inadequate analgesia. Fifty-six percentage of respondents felt that pain during dressing change was adequately controlled 75% to 100% of the time, and 32% felt it was adequately controlled 50% to 75% of the time. Nitrous oxide was used by 8%. Anesthesia providers and an acute pain service are available in a minority of cases (13.7% and 28%, respectively) and are rarely consulted. Procedural burn pain remains significantly undertreated in the outpatient setting and the approach to treatment is variable among burn centers in the United States. Such variation likely represents an opportunity for identifying and implementing optimal practices and developing guidelines for burn pain management in the outpatient setting.
Utility of MolecuLight i:X for Managing Bacterial Burden in Pediatric Burns
Authors: Farhan Nawras , Jeffery Steven
Published: September 2019

Pediatric burn injuries are vulnerable to severe complications, most often infection, making prompt and precise diagnosis of bacterial bioburden vital to preventing detrimental consequences and optimizing patients’ outcomes. Currently, burn wounds are assessed for infection via examining the clinical signs and symptoms of infection, which can be confirmed by swab culture analysis. While the former approach is subjective and experience-dependant, the latter technique is susceptible to missing subsurface, biofilm-associated colonization, and any peripheral bacterial burden, and also delays confirmation by up to 5 days. The MolecuLight i:X is a handheld, noncontact fluorescence imaging device, which can reveal real-time information about clinically significant levels of bacteria and their biodistribution in surface and subsurface burn wound tissues. We conducted a single-center observational study to assess the device efficacy in identifying critical bacterial levels in pediatric burn wounds and to test the children’s compliance and the overall feasibility of the device integration into the current diagnostic practice. Ten patients with 16 wounds were recruited and assessed for the presence or absence of clinical signs and symptoms of infection and the presence or absence of bacterial fluorescence on images, with swabs taken to confirm findings. Results demonstrate the device’s ability to visualize clinically significant bacterial burden and to localize distribution of pathogens. All clinicians agreed on the high compliance with the device and high feasibility of incorporating the device into routine wound assessments. The results of this study may pave the way toward including bacterial fluorescence imaging into the standard diagnostic algorithm for pediatric burn population.
Promoter Methylation Status in Pro-opiomelanocortin Does Not Contribute to Dyspigmentation in Hypertrophic Scar
Authors: Carney Bonnie C , Dougherty Ryan D , Moffatt Lauren T , Simbulan-Rosenthal Cynthia M , Shupp Jeffrey W , Rosenthal Dean S
Published: September 2019

Burn injuries frequently result in hypertrophic scars (HTSs), specifically when excision and grafting are delayed due to limited resources or patient complications. In patient populations with dark baseline pigmentation, one symptom of HTS that often occurs is dyspigmentation. The mechanism behind dyspigmentation has not been explored, and, as such, prevention and treatment strategies for this morbidity are lacking. The mechanism by which cells make pigment is controlled at the apex of the pathway by pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), which is cleaved to its products alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). α-MSH and ACTH secreted by keratinocytes bind to melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), expressed on melanocytes, to initiate melanogenesis. POMC protein expression is upregulated in hyperpigmented scar compared to hypopigmented scar by an unknown mechanism in a Duroc pig model of HTS. POMC RNA levels, as well as the POMC gene promoter methylation status were investigated as a possible mechanism. DNA was isolated from biopsies obtained from distinct areas of hyper- or hypopigmented scar and normal skin. DNA was bisulfite-converted, and amplified using two sets of primers to observe methylation patterns in two different CpG islands near the POMC promoter. Amplicons were then sequenced and methylation patterns were evaluated. POMC gene expression was significantly downregulated in hypopigmented scar compared to normal skin, consistent with previously reported protein expression levels. There were significant changes in methylation of the POMC promoter; however, none that would account for the development of hyper- or hypopigmentation. Future work will focus on other areas of POMC transcriptional regulation.
Domestically Acquired Seoul Virus Causing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis—Washington, DC, 2018
Authors: Shastri Bhagyashree , Kofman Aaron , Hennenfent Andrew , Klena John D , Nicol Stuart , Graziano James C , Morales-Betoulle Maria , Cannon Deborah , Maradiaga Agueda , Tran Anthony , Ramdeen Sheena K
Published: September 2019

Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) infections, uncommonly reported in the United States, often result in mild illness. We report a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to SEOV infection that was domestically acquired in Washington, DC.
Reduced Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Persons With HIV After Release From the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Biondi Breanne E , Frank Cynthia , Horn Brady P , Springer Sandra A
Published: September 2019

Background

HIV prevalence is 3 times greater for those in the criminal justice system than the general population, with an assumed increase in sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) postrelease. HIV viral suppression impacts HIV transmission; however, studies of SRBs among persons with HIV leaving the criminal justice system are limited, and no studies have examined viral suppression in relation to SRBs in persons leaving the criminal justice system.

Methods

Data were examined from 2 double-blind placebo-controlled trials of extended-release naltrexone among persons with HIV and alcohol use or opioid use disorder. Participants self-reported sexual activity, including number of sexual partners, sex type, and condom use. HIV viral suppression was evaluated prerelease and at 6 months.

Results

Thirty days before incarceration, 60% reported having sex compared with 41% and 46%, respectively, at months 1 and 6 postrelease. The number of sex partners and sexual intercourse events decreased from pre-incarceration to months 1 and 6 postrelease. Condom use increased but was not statistically significant. Of the 11 (9.7%) who reported having sex without a condom 1 month postrelease, only 2 did not have viral suppression (VS; HIV VL <200 copies/mL), whereas the 7 (6.5%) who reported SRBs at 6 months all had VS.

Conclusions

After release, SRBs decreased, and among those who reported SRBs, most were virally suppressed, and thus risk of transmitting HIV was low.
Feeding sows during the transition period—is a gestation diet, a simple transition diet, or a lactation diet the best choice?1
Authors: Pedersen Trine Friis , van Vliet Sophie , Bruun Thomas Sønderby , Theil Peter Kappel
Published: September 2019

Three experiments were carried out to study whether a gestation diet, a simple transition diet, or a lactation diet is the best choice in late gestation and when sows preferably should be transferred to a high crude protein (CP) lactation diet. In experiment 1, 35 sows were fed either a gestation diet (12.1% CP), a lactation diet (15.9% CP), or a 50/50 mix (simple transition diet; 14.0% CP) from 6 d before parturition until parturition, to study the impact on farrowing and colostrum performance. In experiment 2, 90 sows were studied from 6 d before parturition until weaning at day 24 and they were fed one of five strategies: a gestation diet until day 3 or day 10 of lactation (strategy 1 and 2) and then lactation diet; a simple transition diet until day 3 or day 10 (strategy 3 and 4) and then lactation diet; or a lactation diet throughout the study (strategy 5). In experiment 3, 124 sows were fed strategy 1 or 5. Sows were weighed and back fat (BF) scanned when entering the farrowing unit and at day 2, 10, 17, and 24. Piglets were weighed at birth and after 24 h, and colostrum production was studied (experiment 1). Litter weight at day 2, 10, 17, and 24 was recorded, milk and blood samples were collected weekly and sow fat and protein mobilization, and balances of energy, N, and Lys were calculated from day 3 to 10 of lactation (experiment 2). Total- and live born piglets, and frequencies of stillbirth and piglet diarrhea were recorded (experiment 3). Feeding sows a gestation diet, a simple transition diet, or a lactation diet showed no evidence of effects on colostrum production or farrowing process (experiments 1 and 3) or lactation performance (experiments 2 and 3). Compared to previous studies, sows had a poor milk yield. Plasma urea was elevated (P < 0.001) indicating CP oversupply prior to parturition in sows fed the lactation diet as compared with the two other diets. According to calculated balances, all dietary strategies supplied insufficient amounts of N and Lys from day 3 to 10, indicating that the best choice is to feed sows with a high CP lactation diet from parturition and onwards. Primiparous sows had a higher plasma insulin concentration (P < 0.01), lower colostrum yield (P < 0.01), and higher frequency of piglet diarrhea (P < 0.001) than multiparous sows. In conclusion, in our conditions (high CP in gestation diet; poor milk yield; restricted feeding in early lactation), sow performance was not compromised by the dietary strategies, but results indicate that primiparous and multiparous sows should be fed differently.
Dinoroseobacter shibaeouter membrane vesicles are enriched for the chromosome dimer resolution sitedif
Authors: Wang Hui , Beier Nicole , Bödeker Christian , Sztajer Helena , Henke Petra , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Mansky Johannes , Rohde Manfred , Overmann Jörg , Kucklick Martin , Engelmann Susanne , Tomasch Jürgen , Wagner-Döbler Irene
Published: September 2019

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria have key roles in pathogenesis. However, little is known about their biogenesis and cargo in marine bacteria. InDinoroseobacter shibae,a marine member of theRhodobacteraceae, OMVs were produced throughout exponential growth, and DNA could be detected by fluorescence microscopy inside appr. 65% of vesicles. Single cell analysis using time-lapse microscopy showed that individual cells secreted multiple OMVs, preferentially at the septum during cell division. OMVs were enriched for saturated fatty acids, thus their secretion likely increases the fluidity of the membrane of the releasing cell locally. DNA was isolated from the vesicle lumen and sequenced; it was up to 40fold enriched for the region around the terminus of replication (ter). Within this region, the peak of coverage of vesicle DNA was located atdif,a conserved 28 bp palindromic sequence required for binding of the site specific tyrosine recombinases XerCD which are activated by the divisome protein FtsK immediately prior to septum formation. Some of the most abundant proteins of the vesicle proteome were predicted to be required for direct interaction with peptidoglycan during cell division. Single cell analysis, electron microscopy, proteome and DNA cargo show that constitutive OMV secretion inD. shibaeoccurs mainly prior to septum formation. The footprint of the FtsK/XerCD molecular machinery which resolves chromosome dimers suggests a novel highly conserved route for incorporation of DNA into OMVs. Clearing the division site from small DNA fragments might be an important function of this type of vesicles.