bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labeling in Interactional Practice: Applying Labeling Theory to Interactions and Interactional Analysis to Labeling
Authors: Thompson Gregory A.
Published: October 2014

Labeling theory has long held a rather significant place in sociology generally, and in symbolic interaction more specifically. Yet, in its long history, labeling theorists have seldom considered how interactional contexts mediate the effective application of labels. Similarly, labeling theory, with its focus on deviance, has largely neglected positive instances of labeling. In this article, I consider an instance of labeling in a tutoring session and show how the local interactional context of the application of a label is accomplished such that the label “smarter than you think” is made to stick to the student. In doing so, I demonstrate how labeling theory can be productively extended to consider positive labeling as well as the interactional contexts that mediate these labeling processes. In closing, I propose that this approach could help develop labeling theory into a complex and nuanced theory of the social constitution of human behavior.
Picturing the Wheatbelt: Exploring and Expressing Place Identity Through Photography
Authors: Sonn Christopher C. , Quayle Amy F. , Kasat Pilar
Published: October 2014

Community arts and cultural development is a process that builds on and responds to the aspirations and needs of communities through creative means. It is participatory and inclusive, and uses multiple modes of representation to produce local knowledge. ‘Voices’ used photography and photo elicitation as the medium for exploring and expressing sense of place among Aboriginal and non‐Indigenous children, young people and adults in four rural towns. An analysis of data generated by the project shows the diverse images that people chose to capture and the different meanings they afforded to their pictures. These meanings reflected individual and collective constructions of place, based on positive experiences and emotions tied to the natural environment and features of the built environment. We discuss community arts and cultural development practice with reference to creative visual methodologies and suggest that it is an approach that can contribute to community psychology’s empowerment agenda.
How Do Working-Age People With Disabilities Spend Their Time? New Evidence From the American Time Use Survey
Authors: Anand Priyanka , Ben-Shalom Yonatan
Published: October 2014

We use the American Time Use Survey to examine the extent to which adults with disabilities—defined using both the new six-question sequence on disability and the traditional work-limitation question—spend more time on health-related activities and less time on other activities than those without disabilities. We find that men and women who both reported a work limitation and responded “yes” to any of the questions in the six-question disability sequence spend approximately 40 to 50 more minutes per week, respectively, on health-related activities. We also find that most working-age men and women who report a disability work fewer hours per day than men and women without disabilities. The largest difference is for men and women who report both types of disability; these individuals spend, on average, 5 fewer hours per day in paid work than men and women without disabilities. On average, most of the decrease in paid work time is offset by more time spent on leisure activities (defined as activities that provide direct utility, such as entertainment, social activities, attending recreational events, and general relaxation) and sleeping, which is likely due to these being default activities for individuals whose medical issues and environment constrain them from participating in other activities.
A Primer on Ebola for Clinicians
Authors: Toner Eric , Adalja Amesh , Inglesby Thomas
Published: October 2014

The size of the world’s largest Ebola outbreak now ongoing in West Africa makes clear that further exportation of Ebola virus disease to other parts of the world will remain a real possibility for the indefinite future. Clinicians outside of West Africa, particularly those who work in emergency medicine, critical care, infectious diseases, and infection control, should be familiar with the fundamentals of Ebola virus disease, including its diagnosis, treatment, and control. In this article we provide basic information on the Ebola virus and its epidemiology and microbiology. We also describe previous outbreaks and draw comparisons to the current outbreak with a focus on the public health measures that have controlled past outbreaks. We review the pathophysiology and clinical features of the disease, highlighting diagnosis, treatment, and hospital infection control issues that are relevant to practicing clinicians. We reference official guidance and point out where important uncertainty or controversy exists. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-5)
Random groups and nonarchimedean lattices
Authors: BARRÉ SYLVAIN , PICHOT MIKAËL
Published: October 2014

We consider models of random groups in which the typical group is of intermediate rank (in particular, it is not hyperbolic). These models are parallel to Gromov’s well-known constructions, and include for example a ‘density model’ for groups of intermediate rank. The main novelty is the higher rank nature of the random groups. They are randomizations of certain families of lattices in algebraic groups (of rank 2) over local fields.
Occupational stress and UN peacekeepers
Authors: Tobin J.
Published: October 2014

Background

Ireland has been actively involved in peacekeeping operations since the 1950s. The unique psychological stressors associated with this form of military activity have been under-recognised and under-researched.

Aim

The aim of this paper is to bring to the attention of mental health professionals, who have been caring for military and retired military peacekeeping personnel, the unique difficulties associated with peacekeeping and how they can impact upon the mental health of the peacekeeper.

Methods

The nature of peacekeeping is outlined. There is a short review of the limited literature on the mental health effects of this kind of military deployment. There is also an outline of the positive outcomes for the majority of those who have served as peacekeepers.

Results

Both the negative and the positive mental health outcomes depend on the particular mission. Each mission is different and the nature of a mission also changes over time. Post-traumatic stress disorder rates can vary from 3% to 15% of a peacekeeping cohort, depending upon the nature of the violence associated with the mission. The vast majority of peacekeepers have found their peacekeeping deployments as an enriching experience.

Conclusion

Peacekeepers are often witnesses as well as the victims of traumatic events. The restrictions placed upon their military role by the mission mandate can be a source of stress for them. Their mental health needs to be supported during the mission and after they have returned home.
Matrix-free continuation of limit cycles and their bifurcations for a ducted premixed flame
Authors: Waugh Iain C. , Kashinath K. , Juniper Matthew P.
Published: October 2014

Many experimental studies have demonstrated that ducted premixed flames exhibit stable limit cycles in some regions of parameter space. Recent experiments have also shown that these (period-1) limit cycles subsequently bifurcate to period-$2^{n}$, quasiperiodic, multiperiodic or chaotic behaviour. These secondary bifurcations cannot be found computationally using most existing frequency domain methods, because these methods assume that the velocity and pressure signals are harmonic. In an earlier study we have shown that matrix-free continuation methods can efficiently calculate the limit cycles of large thermoacoustic systems. This paper demonstrates that these continuation methods can also efficiently calculate the bifurcations from the limit cycles. Furthermore, once these bifurcations are found, it is then possible to isolate the coupled flame–acoustic motion that causes the qualitative change in behaviour. This information is vital for techniques that use selective damping to move bifurcations to more favourable locations in the parameter space. The matrix-free methods are demonstrated on a model of a ducted axisymmetric premixed flame, using a kinematic$G$-equation solver. The methods find limit cycles and period-2 limit cycles, and fold, period-doubling and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations as a function of the location of the flame in the duct, and the aspect ratio of the steady flame.
Failure Analysis of Anisotropic Plates by the Boundary Element Method
Authors: Sahli A. , Boufeldja S. , Kebdani S. , Rahmani O.
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a dynamic formulation of the boundary element method for stress and failure criterion analyses of anisotropic thin plates. The elastostatic fundamental solutions are used in the formulations and inertia terms are treated as body forces. The radial integration method (RIM) is used to obtain a boundary element formulationithout any domain integral for general anisotropic plate problems. In the RIM, the augmented thin plate spline is used as the approximation function. A formulation for transient analysis is implemented. The time integration is carried out using the Houbolt method. Integral equations for the second derivatives of deflection are developed and all derivatives of fundamental solutions are computed analytically. Only the boundary is discretized in the formulation. Numerical results show good agreement with results available in literature as well as finite element results.
Topography and Surface Roughness of Floor in Groove Micro Milling
Authors: Kouravand S. , Imani B. M. , Ni J.
Published: October 2014

Micro milling operation is a fabrication process to create 3D parts from tens of micrometers to a few millimeters in size using a tool with diameter less than 1mm. Micro groove is one of the common features observed in the micro parts. The surface roughness of micro grooves plays an important role in their performance. Since most of the finishing processes could not be easily performed on the micro grooves, it is of extreme importance to find a relationship between micro milling parameters and the surface roughness profile. In this paper, in order to anticipate the profile and surface roughness of the groove floor a model is proposed based on the kinematic of cutting process and tool geometry. The effects of minimum chip thickness, elastic recovery, size effect and tool deflection are included in the model. Relationship between position of points on the floor surface of groove and kinematics of cutting process are derived. In next step, simulations of proposed model are performed in the ACIS environment. Finally, using the DOE method surface roughness is investigated stochastically. The simulated and measured surface roughnesses are compared together that confirm the validity of proposed model.
An Explicit, Non-Iterative, Single Equation Formulation for an Accurate One Dimensional Estimation of Vaneless Radial Diffusers in Turbomachines
Authors: Amirante R. , De Bellis F. , Distaso E. , Tamburrano P.
Published: October 2014

The present paper proposes a very simple one dimensional (1-D) model that accounts for the energy loss caused by the fluid dynamic losses occurring in the vaneless diffusers of centrifugal compressors and pumps. Usually, the present techniques to design turbomachines (pumps, compressors and turbines) emphasize numerical methods and their use is relatively complex because several parameters need to be chosen and a lot of time is required to perform the calculation. For this reason, it is relevant to perform an accurate preliminary design to simplify the numerical computation phase and to choose a very good initial geometry to be used for accelerating and improving the search for the definitive geometry. However, today 1-D modeling is based on the classical theory that assumes that the angular momentum is conserved inside a vaneless diffuser, although the flow evolution is considered as non-isentropic. This means that fluid-dynamic losses are taken into account only for what concerns pressure recovery, whereas the evaluation of the outlet tangential velocity incoherently follows an ideal behavior. Starting from such considerations, a new conservation law for the angular momentum is analytically derived, which incorporates the same fluid-dynamic losses modeled by the thermodynamic transformation law that is employed for correlating pressure recovery with enthalpy increase. Similar arguments hold for incompressible flows. Detailed and very accurate three-dimensional flow simulations are employed to analyze if the new model is capable of predicting the outlet tangential velocity more accurately than the classical theory. Results provided for both compressible (centrifugal compressors) and incompressible (centrifugal pumps) flows and for different inlet velocity profiles show a significant accuracy improvement of the new conservation law in the prediction of the outlet flow conditions when compared with the classical theory, thus demonstrating that the proposed model can be employed in the preliminary design of vaneless diffusers (i.e., in the estimation of the outlet diameter) more effectively than the classical ideal theory. Furthermore, the model is validated against industrial experimental campaigns. Even further experimental data, reported in a previous paper by the same authors, confirm the reliability of the employed approach.
Possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host microRNA with potential antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis B virus-related persistent infection: a systematic review
Authors: Fiorino S. , Bacchi-Reggiani L. , Sabbatani S. , Grizzi F. , di Tommaso L. , Masetti M. , Fornelli A. , Bondi A. , de Biase D. , Visani M. , Cuppini A. , Jovine E. , Pession A.
Published: October 2014

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were ‘HBV therapy’, ‘HBV treatment’, ‘VE antiviral effects’, ‘tocopherol antiviral activity’, ‘miRNA antiviral activity’ and ‘VE microRNA’. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle,in vitroandin vivoavailable studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.
Adaptation of in vivo amino acid kinetics facilitates increased amino acid availability for fetal growth in adolescent and adult pregnancies alike
Authors: Thame Minerva M. , Hsu Jean W. , Gibson Raquel , Baker Tameka M. , Tang Grace J. , Badaloo Asha V. , Fletcher Horace M. , Jackson Alan A. , Jahoor Farook
Published: October 2014

During pregnancy, adult women with a normal BMI synthesise extra amino acids after an overnight fast by increasing body protein breakdown and decreasing amino acid oxidation. It is not known whether adolescent girls can make these adaptations during pregnancy. The present study aimed to measure and compare the protein, glutamine and alanine kinetics of adult women and adolescent girls at early-, mid- and late-pregnancy. Kinetics were measured in the overnight fasted state using intravenous infusions of 13C-leucine, 15N-glutamine and 15N-alanine in ten adults and twenty adolescents aged 14–17 years in the first and second trimesters (phase 1 study) and infusions of 13C-leucine and 15N2-urea in ten adults and eleven adolescents aged 16–17 years in the first and third trimesters (phase 2 study). In phase 1 study, there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to any of the kinetic parameters measured. In both groups, leucine flux increased (P< 0·05), the percentage of leucine flux oxidised decreased (P< 0·05) and non-oxidative leucine disposal to protein synthesis increased (P< 0·05) from the first to the second trimester. In phase2 study, leucine flux was significantly slower (P< 0·05) in the adult group than in the adolescent group during both trimesters, and whole-body leucine flux and non-oxidative leucine disposal increased significantly in the adolescent group (P< 0·05, respectively) and were higher in the adult group from the first to the third trimester. These results suggest that similar to their adult counterparts after an overnight fast, adolescent girls with a normal BMI provide extra amino acids required for net protein deposition during pregnancy by increasing protein breakdown and decreasing amino acid oxidation.
Cross-linguistic interaction in trilingual phonological development: the role of the input in the acquisition of the voicing contrast
Authors: MAYR ROBERT , MONTANARI SIMONA
Published: October 2014

This paper examines the production of word-initial stops by two simultaneous trilingual sisters, aged 6;8 and 8;1, who receive regular input in Italian and English from multiple speakers, but in Spanish from only one person. The children's productions in each language were analyzed acoustically and compared to those of their main input providers. The results revealed consistent cross-linguistic differences by both children, including between Italian and Spanish stops, although these have identical properties in the speech of Italian- and Spanish-speaking adults. While the children's English stops were largely target-like, their Italian stops exhibited non-target-like realizations in the direction of English, suggesting interactions. Interestingly, their Spanish productions were largely unaffected by cross-linguistic interactions, with target-like voiceless stops, and voiced stops predominantly realized as spirants. These findings raise interesting questions about phonological development in multilingual settings and demonstrate that the number and type of input providers may crucially affect cross-linguistic interactions.
Seahorse left atrial appendage diverticula mimicking a coronary fistula
Authors: Cantinotti Massimiliano , Giordano Raffaele , Murzi Bruno
Published: October 2014

We report a left atrial appendage diverticulum in close proximity to the left coronary artery, thereby mimicking a fistulous connection between the two structures.
AN INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION FOR BESOV AND LIPSCHITZ SPACES
Authors: ZHU KEHE
Published: October 2014

It is well known that functions in the analytic Besov space $B_{1}$ on the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ admit an integral representation $$\begin{eqnarray}f(z)=\int _{\mathbb{D}}\frac{z-w}{1-z\overline{w}}\,d{\it\mu}(w),\end{eqnarray}$$ where ${\it\mu}$ is a complex Borel measure with $|{\it\mu}|(\mathbb{D})<\infty$. We generalize this result to all Besov spaces $B_{p}$ with $0
1$. We also obtain a version for Bergman and Fock spaces.
Extending the Assessment of Complex Problem Solving to Finite State	Automata
Authors: Neubert Jonas C. , Kretzschmar André , Wüstenberg Sascha , Greiff Samuel
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Recent advancements in the assessment of Complex Problem Solving (CPS) build on the use of homogeneous tasks that enable the reliable estimation of CPS skills. The range of problems featured in established instruments such as MicroDYN is consequently limited to a specific subset of homogeneous complex problems. This restriction is problematic when looking at domain-specific examples of complex problems, which feature characteristics absent from current assessment instruments (e.g., threshold states). We propose to utilize the formal framework of Finite State Automata (FSA) to extend the range of problems included in CPS assessment. An approach based on FSA, called MicroFIN, is presented, translated into specific tasks, and empirically investigated. We conducted an empirical study (N = 576), (1) inspecting the psychometric features of MicroFIN, (2) relating it to MicroDYN, and (3) investigating the relations to a measure of reasoning (i.e., CogAT). MicroFIN (1) exhibited adequate measurement characteristics and multitrait-multimethod models indicated (2) the convergence of latent dimensions measured with MicroDYN. Relations to reasoning (3) were moderate and comparable to the ones previously found for MicroDYN. Empirical results and corresponding explanations are discussed. More importantly, MicroFIN highlights the feasibility of expanding CPS assessment to a larger spectrum of complex problems.
Autophagy and Burkholderia
Authors: Devenish Rodney J , Lai Shu‐chin
Published: October 2014

Autophagy has become increasingly viewed as an important component of the eukaryotic innate immune system. The elimination of intracellular pathogens by autophagy in mammalian cells (xenophagy) results not only in the degradation of invading bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, but also liberation of metabolites that may have been utilized during pathogen infection, thus promoting cell survival. After gaining entry into the cell, intracellular bacterial pathogens attempt to escape from phagosomes (or endosomes) into the cytosol where they endeavour to continue the infection cycle unhindered by host cell protective mechanisms. Bacterial recognition resulting from either their cytosolic location, the secretion of bacterial products, or phagosomal membrane damage, can induce autophagy. In this context, induction of autophagy results in the clearance of some bacterial pathogens, whereas other bacteria are able to manipulate autophagy for their own benefit and appear to effectively replicate within autophagosome‐like vesicles. Some bacteria are seemingly able to evade autophagy and Burkholderia pseudomallei is one of them. This review will discuss the autophagic processes that may be activated by host cells to provide protection against infection by this bacterial pathogen.
Integrating phylogeny, geographic niche partitioning and secondary metabolite synthesis in bloom-forming Planktothrix
Authors: Kurmayer Rainer , Blom Judith F , Deng Li , Pernthaler Jakob
Published: October 2014

Toxic freshwater cyanobacteria form harmful algal blooms that can cause acute toxicity to humans and livestock. Globally distributed, bloom-forming cyanobacteria Planktothrix either retain or lose the mcy gene cluster (encoding the synthesis of the secondary metabolite hepatotoxin microcystin or MC), resulting in a variable spatial/temporal distribution of (non)toxic genotypes. Despite their importance to human well-being, such genotype diversity is not being mapped at scales relevant to nature. We aimed to reveal the factors influencing the dispersal of those genotypes by analyzing 138 strains (from Europe, Russia, North America and East Africa) for their (i) mcy gene cluster composition, (ii) phylogeny and adaptation to their habitat and (iii) ribosomally and nonribosomally synthesized oligopeptide products. Although all the strains from different species contained at least remnants of the mcy gene cluster, various phylogenetic lineages evolved and adapted to rather specific ecological niches (for example, through pigmentation and gas vesicle protein size). No evidence for an increased abundance of specific peptides in the absence of MC was found. MC and peptide distribution rather depended on phylogeny, ecophysiological adaptation and geographic distance. Together, these findings provide evidence that MC and peptide production are primarily related to speciation processes, while within a phylogenetic lineage the probability that strains differ in peptide composition increases with geographic distance.
Minimum entropy decomposition: Unsupervised oligotyping for sensitive partitioning of high-throughput marker gene sequences
Authors: Eren A Murat , Morrison Hilary G , Lescault Pamela J , Reveillaud Julie , Vineis Joseph H , Sogin Mitchell L
Published: October 2014

Molecular microbial ecology investigations often employ large marker gene datasets, for example, ribosomal RNAs, to represent the occurrence of single-cell genomes in microbial communities. Massively parallel DNA sequencing technologies enable extensive surveys of marker gene libraries that sometimes include nearly identical sequences. Computational approaches that rely on pairwise sequence alignments for similarity assessment and de novo clustering with de facto similarity thresholds to partition high-throughput sequencing datasets constrain fine-scale resolution descriptions of microbial communities. Minimum Entropy Decomposition (MED) provides a computationally efficient means to partition marker gene datasets into ‘MED nodes’, which represent homogeneous operational taxonomic units. By employing Shannon entropy, MED uses only the information-rich nucleotide positions across reads and iteratively partitions large datasets while omitting stochastic variation. When applied to analyses of microbiomes from two deep-sea cryptic sponges Hexadella dedritifera and Hexadellacf. dedritifera, MED resolved a key Gammaproteobacteria cluster into multiple MED nodes that are specific to different sponges, and revealed that these closely related sympatric sponge species maintain distinct microbial communities. MED analysis of a previously published human oral microbiome dataset also revealed that taxa separated by less than 1% sequence variation distributed to distinct niches in the oral cavity. The information theory-guided decomposition process behind the MED algorithm enables sensitive discrimination of closely related organisms in marker gene amplicon datasets without relying on extensive computational heuristics and user supervision.
Human papillomavirus infection in oral fluids of HIV-1-positive men:prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Gaester Karen , Fonseca Luiz A. M. , Luiz Olinda , Assone Tatiane , Fontes Adriele Souza , Costa Fernando , Duarte Alberto J. S. , Casseb Jorge
Published: October 2014

Human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. The natural history of oral HPV infection is unclear and its risk factors have not been explored. Immunocompromised individuals, as exemplified by HIV patients, are at high risk for HPV-related diseases. The mean of this study is to determine the prevalence ofHPV in the oral tract of HIV-1-positive male subjects and its association with risk factors. A total of 283 oral wash samples from HIV-1-positive men were tested. The oral fluid samples were used for DNA extraction and conventional PCR amplification; HPV genotyping was performed by hybridization. HPV genotyping revealed that nine samples (3.5%) were positive for HPV DNA; the major high-risk HPV types identified were 51 and 66. Worldwide studies have shown a variable prevalence of oral HPV. The diversity of genotypes and the high prevalence of multiple infections in HIV-infected subjects can be better explained by the effects of HIV-induced immunosuppression. The most important risk factors are unprotected sexual intercourse, but other factors for this infection have been described elsewhere including smoking, age and HIV-positive serostatus. In this study, smoking was the most important risk factor for acquiring oral HPV in HIV-1-infected subjects in Brazil.
Tissue-Informative Mechanism for Wearable Non-invasive Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Woo Sung Hun , Choi Yun Young , Kim Dae Jung , Bien Franklin , Kim Jae Joon
Published: October 2014

Accurate continuous direct measurement of the blood pressure is currently available thru direct invasive methods via intravascular needles and is mostly limited to use during surgical procedures or in the intensive care unit (ICU). Non-invasive methods that are mostly based on auscultation or cuff oscillometric principles do provide relatively accurate measurement of blood pressure. However, they mostly involve physical inconveniences such as pressure or stress on the human body. Here, we introduce a new non-invasive mechanism of tissue-informative measurement, where an experimental phenomenon called subcutaneous tissue pressure equilibrium is revealed and related for application in detection of absolute blood pressure. A prototype was experimentally verified to provide an absolute blood pressure measurement by wearing a watch-type measurement module that does not cause any discomfort. This work is supposed to contribute remarkably to the advancement of continuous non-invasive mobile devices for 24-7 daily-life ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring.
Probing Stochastic Nano-Scale Inelastic Events in Stressed Amorphous Metal
Authors: Yang Y. , Fu X. L. , Wang S. , Liu Z. Y. , Ye Y. F. , Sun B. A. , Liu C. T.
Published: October 2014

One fundamental yet longstanding issue in materials science is how local inelasticity arises within an amorphous structure before yielding occurs. Although many possible scenarios were postulated or predicted by theories and simulations,however, direct experimental evidence has been lacking today due to the lack of a sensitive way to detect nano-scale inelasticity. Through the carefully designed microcompression method as coupled with the state-of-art nano-scale electric resistance measurement, we here unfold a stochastic inelastic deformation process in a Zr-based metallic glass, which takes place via the recurrence of two types of short-lived inelastic events causing structural damage and recovery, respectively, prior to yielding. Our current findings reveal that these stochastic events not only self-organize into sub-critical events due to elastic coupling, but also compete with each other in a way that enables the whole amorphous structure to self-heal as well as to sustain local damage.
A Molecular Fluorescent Probe for Targeted Visualization of Temperature at the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Arai Satoshi , Lee Sung-Chan , Zhai Duanting , Suzuki Madoka , Chang Young Tae
Published: October 2014

The dynamics of cellular heat production and propagation remains elusive at a subcellular level. Here we report the first small molecule fluorescent thermometer selectively targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER thermo yellow), with the highest sensitivity reported so far (3.9%/°C). Unlike nanoparticle thermometers, ER thermo yellow stains the target organelle evenly without the commonly encountered problem of aggregation and successfully demonstrates the ability to monitor intracellular temperature gradients generated by external heat sources in various cell types. We further confirm the ability of ER thermo yellow to monitor heat production by intracellular Ca2+ changes in HeLa cells. Our thermometer anchored at nearly-zero distance from the ER, i.e. the heat source, allowed the detection of the heat as it readily dissipated and revealed the dynamics of heat production in real time at a subcellular level.
Selective Palladium-Catalysed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Durndell Lee J. , Lee Adam F. , Bailie David S. , Muldoon Mark J.
Published: October 2014

Palladium has a significant track record as a catalyst for a range of oxidation reactions and it has been explored for the selective oxidation of alcohols for many years. This chapter focuses on the two main types of aerobic Pd catalysts: heterogeneous and ligand-modulated systems. In the case of heterogeneous systems, the mechanistic understanding of these systems and the use of in situ and operando techniques to obtain this knowledge are discussed. The current state-of-the-art is also summarized in terms of catalytic performance and substrate scope for heterogeneous Pd-based catalysts. In terms of ligand-modulated systems, leading examples of molecular Pd(ii) catalysts which undergo direct O2 coupled turnover are highlighted. The catalyst performance for such catalysts is exemplified and mechanistic understanding for these molecular systems is discussed.
Evidence of structural variability among synthetic and biogenic vaterite
Authors: Falini Giuseppe , Fermani Simona , Reggi Michela , Njegić Džakula Branka , Kralj Damir
Published: October 2014

Evidence of the presence of diverse vaterite structures in biogenic samples of different origin and in synthetic vaterite precipitated in the presence of poly-l-aspartate is reported.
Click chemistry promoted by graphene supported copper nanomaterials
Authors: Shaygan Nia Ali , Rana Sravendra , Döhler Diana , Noirfalise Xavier , Belfiore Alice , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: October 2014

Highly dispersed copper nanoparticles immobilized graphene nanosheets were prepared and used as a recyclable and reusable heterogeneous catalyst with excellent catalytic activity to achieve Cu(i)-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition “click” chemistry under both solvent and bulk conditions.
Mechanically reinforced phosphoric acid doped quaternized poly(ether ether ketone) membranes via cross-linking with functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Zhang Na , Wang Baolong , Zhang Yurong , Bu Fanzhe , Cui Ying , Li Xuefeng , Zhao Chengji , Na Hui
Published: October 2014

Functionalized graphene oxide as a cross-linker reinforces the tensile strength of phosphoric acid doped quaternized poly(ether ether ketone) membranes.
Halogen bonds with coordinative nature: halogen bonding in a S–I+–S iodonium complex
Authors: Koskinen L. , Hirva P. , Kalenius E. , Jääskeläinen S. , Rissanen K. , Haukka M.
Published: October 2014

A thorough characterization of unusually strong I+–S halogen bonds indicates that halogen bonding is not merely an electrostatic contact but also has a strong coordinative nature, thus expanding the scope of halogen bonding.
Effect of mineralization agents on the surface structure and dielectric properties of SrTiO3 nanocrystals
Authors: Dong Lingqing , Cheng Kui , Weng Wenjian , Han Weiqiang
Published: October 2014

In this communication, the surface structure of SrTiO3 adjusted by introducing different mineralization agents dictates not only the corresponding size and shape but also the dielectric properties.
Molecular dynamics simulations predict an accelerated dissociation of H2CO3at the air–water interface
Authors: Galib Mirza , Hanna Gabriel
Published: October 2014

Ab initiomolecular dynamics simulations of carbonic acid (H2CO3) at the air–water interface yield a lower dissociation barrier than in bulk water.
A double-acceptor as a superior organic dye design for p-type DSSCs: high photocurrents and the observed light soaking effect
Authors: Click Kevin A. , Beauchamp Damian R. , Garrett Benjamin R. , Huang Zhongjie , Hadad Christopher M. , Wu Yiying
Published: October 2014

A double-acceptor architecture for organic dyes is explored through device fabrication, DFT, impedance spectroscopy, electrolyte screening, and adsorption studies yielding very high molar extinction coefficients (99 980 M−1 cm−1), high photocurrents (7.4 mA cm−2), and the light soaking effect.
Stepped spin crossover in Fe(iii) halogen substituted quinolylsalicylaldimine complexes
Authors: Phonsri Wasinee , Harding David J. , Harding Phimphaka , Murray Keith S. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Gass Ian A. , Cashion John D. , Jameson Guy N. L. , Adams Harry
Published: October 2014

Four iron(iii) spin crossover complexes with halogen substituted ligands are reported. The halogen is correlated with T1/2 and controls the degree of spin crossover while extensive C–H⋯X and X⋯π interactions increase cooperativity.
Main group catalysed reduction of unsaturated bonds
Authors: Revunova K. , Nikonov G. I.
Published: October 2014

This Perspective article reviews the recent developments in reduction reactions catalysed by main-group element compounds.
A cheap and facile route to synthesize monodisperse magnetic nanocrystals and their application as MRI agents
Authors: Yang Guixin , He Fei , Lv Ruichan , Gai Shili , Cheng Ziyong , Dai Yunlu , Yang Piaoping
Published: October 2014

Monodisperse MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized by a facile thermal decomposition strategy, using very cheap polyisobutylene succimide and paraffin oil as a surfactant and solvent which was used as the effective T2 contrast agent for MRI.
A luminescent 3D interpenetrating metal–organic framework for highly selective sensing of nitrobenzene
Authors: Singh Divyendu , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: October 2014

A three-dimensional (3D), luminescent, 5-fold interpenetrating metal–organic framework (MOF), [Zn2(fdc)2(bpee)2(H2O)·2H2O] (1) exhibiting highly selective sensing of nitrobenzene (NB) via a fluorescence quenching mechanism has been demonstrated.
Encapsulation of [(SO4)4(H2O)12]8− clusters in a metal organic framework of pyridyl functionalized cyanuric acid based tris-urea
Authors: Dutta Ranjan , Akhuli Bidyut , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: October 2014

Encapsulation of four sulfates in hydrated form is demonstrated in the coordination driven self-assembly of a tripodal urea receptor.
Syntheses of polypyridyl metal complexes and studies of their interaction with quadruplex DNA
Authors: Stafford Verity S. , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan , Shivalingam Arun , White Andrew J. P. , Mann David J. , Vilar Ramon
Published: October 2014

A series of metal complexes with substituted terpyridines show high affinity towards quadruplex DNA, particularly bimetallic (trpy)Pt/M(cyclen) complexes.
Induction of Nrf2-mediated genes by Antrodia salmonea inhibits ROS generation and inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Yang Hsin-Ling , Lin Shu-Wei , Lee Chuan-Chen , Lin Kai-Yuan , Liao Chun-Huei , Yang Ting-Yu , Wang Hui-Min , Huang Hui-Chi , Wu Chi-Rei , Hseu You-Cheng
Published: October 2014

Antrodia salmoneacan induce the expression of antioxidant genes through activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Accurate determination of Zn in geological and cosmochemical rock samples by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Khan Rahat , Yokozuka Yuta , Terai Saki , Shirai Naoki , Ebihara Mitsuru
Published: October 2014

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) procedures with isotope dilution were established for the accurate determination of trace Zn (in the level of 10−4to 10−5g g−1) in several tens of mg of geological and cosmochemical rock samples.
Advances of flexible pressure sensors toward artificial intelligence and health care applications
Authors: Zang Yaping , Zhang Fengjiao , Di Chong-an , Zhu Daoben
Published: October 2014

Incorporating flexible pressure sensors with organic electronic devices allows their promising applications in artificial intelligence and the health care industry.
Chiral recognition with a benzofuran receptor that mimics an oxyanion hole
Authors: Fuentes de Arriba Ángel L. , Herrero Ángel Gómez , Rubio Omayra H. , Monleón Laura M. , Simón Rubio Luis , Alcázar Victoria , Sanz Francisca , Morán Joaquín R.
Published: October 2014

Chiral resolution of a novel tripodal oxyanion-hole receptor with application in amino acid derivatives enantioselective extraction.
Total synthesis and biological evaluation of the natural product (−)-cyclonerodiol, a new inhibitor of IL-4 signaling
Authors: Langhanki Jens , Rudolph Kristina , Erkel Gerhard , Opatz Till
Published: October 2014

The sesquiterpene (−)-cyclonerodiol is a specific inhibitor of IL-4 induced STAT6 signaling and is readily available from (−)-linalool.
Combined cytotoxic effect of UV-irradiation and TiO2 microbeads in normal urothelial cells, low-grade and high-grade urothelial cancer cells
Authors: Imani Roghayeh , Veranič Peter , Iglič Aleš , Kreft Mateja Erdani , Pazoki Meysam , Hudoklin Samo
Published: October 2014

The differentiation of urothelial cells results in normal terminally differentiated cells or by alternative pathways in low-grade or high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Treatments with traditional surgical and chemotherapeutical approaches are still inadequate and expensive, as bladder tumours are generally highly recurrent. In such situations, alternative approaches, using irradiation of the cells and nanoparticles, are promising. The ways in which urothelial cells, at different differentiation levels, respond to UV-irradiation (photolytic treatment) or to the combination of UV-irradiation and nanoparticles (photocatalytic treatment), are unknown. Here we tested cytotoxicity of UV-irradiation on (i) normal porcine urothelial cells (NPU), (ii) human low-grade urothelial cancer cells (RT4), and (iii) human high-grade urothelial cancer cells (T24). The results have shown that 1 minute of UV-irradiation is enough to kill 90% of the cells in NPU and RT4 cultures, as determined by the live/dead viability assay. On the other hand, the majority of T24 cells survived 1 minute of UV-irradiation. Moreover, even a prolonged UV-irradiation for 30 minutes killed <50% of T24 cells. When T24 cells were pre-supplemented with mesoporous TiO2 microbeads and then UV-irradiated, the viability of these high-grade urothelial cancer cells was reduced to <10%, which points to the highly efficient cytotoxic effects of TiO2 photocatalysis. Using electron microscopy, we confirmed that the mesoporous TiO2 microbeads were internalized into T24 cells, and that the cell’s ultrastructure was heavily compromised after UV-irradiation. In conclusion, our results show major differences in the sensitivity to UV-irradiation among the urothelial cells with respect to cell differentiation. To achieve an increased cytotoxicity of urothelial cancer cells, the photocatalytic approach is recommended.
Cationically photopolymerizable epoxy-functionalized thermoplastic polysilsesquioxanes: synthesis and properties
Authors: Lee A. S. , Choi S. S. , Song S.-J. , Baek K.-Y. , Hwang S. S.
Published: October 2014

A series of cationically photopolymerizable inorganic–organic hybrid epoxy-functionalized thermoplastic polysilsesquioxanes were synthesized and their thermal, mechanical, optical, and barrier properties investigated.
Self-assembled multimicellar vesicles via complexation of a rigid conjugated polymer with an amphiphilic block copolymer
Authors: Palanisamy Anbazhagan , Guo Qipeng
Published: October 2014

We report here a facile method for fabrication of multimicellar vesicles from self-assembled complexes of a flexible coil-like block copolymer and a rigid rod conjugated homopolymer.
Transient nature of graphene quantum dot formation via a hydrothermal reaction
Authors: Ogi Takashi , Iwasaki Hideharu , Aishima Kana , Iskandar Ferry , Wang Wei-Ning , Takimiya Kazuo , Okuyama Kikuo
Published: October 2014

A facile, economic and environmentally friendly one-step approach for the preparation of highly luminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was developed using a hydrothermal reaction between citric acid and urea.
Esterification of oleic acid in [Bmim]BF4/[Hmim]HSO4 + TX-100/cyclohexane ionic liquid microemulsion
Authors: Jiang Dongyu , Chen Li , Wang Aili , Yan Zongcheng
Published: October 2014

[Hmim]HSO4-based microemulsion is an efficient catalyst system for esterification; it provides large interface areas, the resultant water enters [Bmim]BF4 microdomain.
Synthesis and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies of novel rosin-based diamide insecticides
Authors: Li Jian , Gao Yanqing , Shang Shibin , Rao Xiaoping , Song Jie , Wang Zongde
Published: October 2014

The quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) of two series of rosin-based diamides with insecticidal activity against P. xylostella was studied.
A tandem cell for nanopore-based DNA sequencing with exonuclease
Authors: Sampath G.
Published: October 2014

An electrolytic cell with two nanopores in tandem and an exonuclease in between can efficiently and accurately sequence a single strand of DNA.
Porous solid acid with high Surface area derived from emulsion templating and hypercrosslinking for efficient one-pot conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Pan Jianming , Gao Heping , Zhang Yunlei , Zeng Jun , Shi Weidong , Song Changhua , Yan Yongsheng , Yu Longbao , Chang Dandan
Published: October 2014

This work addressed efficient one-pot conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by porous solid acid in the presence of [Emim]Cl.
Interactions of the G-series organophosphorus chemical warfare agent sarin and various simulants with luminescent lanthanide complexes
Authors: Dennison Genevieve H. , Sambrook Mark R. , Johnston Martin R.
Published: October 2014

G-series organophosphorus chemical warfare agent sarin, and various simulants, interact with simple lanthanide complexes producing fluorescence quenching via a dynamic mechanism.
In search of new reconstructions of (001) α-quartz surface: a first principles study
Authors: Malyi Oleksandr I. , Kulish Vadym V. , Persson Clas
Published: October 2014

Using Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations and “static” density functional theory calculations, reconstructions of the (001) α-quartz surface are studied in detail.
Hardening process and properties of an epoxy resin with bio-based hardener derived from furfural
Authors: Tachibana Yuya , Torii Junko , Kasuya Ken-ichi , Funabashi Masahiro , Kunioka Masao
Published: October 2014

A bio-based hardener, oxabicyclodicarboxylic anhydride, was used to synthesise an epoxy resin with high bio-based carbon content and properties suitable for industrial applications.
“Self-repairing” nanoshell for cell protection
Authors: Jiang Nan , Yang Xiao-Yu , Ying Guo-Liang , Shen Ling , Liu Jing , Geng Wei , Dai Ling-Jun , Liu Shao-Yin , Cao Jian , Tian Ge , Sun Tao-Lei , Li Shi-Pu , Su Bao-Lian
Published: October 2014

Self-repairing biohybrid nanoshells provide living cells with high activity and extended viability in harsh micro-environments.
Improved cell infiltration of highly porous 3D nanofibrous scaffolds formed by combined fiber–fiber charge repulsions and ultra-sonication
Authors: Jeong Sung In , Burns Nancy A. , Bonino Christopher A. , Kwon Il Keun , Khan Saad A. , Alsberg Eben
Published: October 2014

Hydrogel mats with increased thickness and porosity were achieved by pairing high humidity electrospinning with post-processing ultra-sonication, and they show promise for the design of cell-permeable nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications.
Preparation and enhanced electro-responsive characteristic of graphene/layered double-hydroxide composite dielectric nanoplates
Authors: Dong Yuezhen , Liu Yang , Yin Jianbo , Zhao Xiaopeng
Published: October 2014

Dielectric nanoplates composed of a graphene nanosheet/layered double-hydroxide (GNS/LDH) composite were prepared, which showed an enhanced electro-responsive characteristic compared to pure LDH due to improved dielectric polarization.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of Ni–BaTiO3 nanocable arrays within ordered anodic alumina templates
Authors: Sallagoity D. , Elissalde C. , Majimel J. , Berthelot R. , Chung U. Chan , Penin N. , Maglione M. , Antohe V. A. , Hamoir G. , Abreu Araujo F. , Piraux L.
Published: October 2014

Modulation of magnetic properties and magnetoelectric coupling enhancement provided by ferromagnetic (Ni)/dielectric (BaTiO3) coaxial nanocable arrays.