bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enabling Space-Air integration: A Satellite-UAV networking authentication scheme
Authors: Li Sheng , Cao Jin , Shi Xiaoping , Li Hui
Published: September 2023

One of the goals of sixth-generation mobile networks (6G) is to achieve a larger network coverage area. Satellite networks enable global coverage and aerial nodes such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can serve as a supplement to ground networks in remote environments. Therefore, 6G networks are gradually evolving towards Space-Air-Ground integrated networks. The combination of UAV networks and satellite networks is a research hotspot in the field of Space-Air integrated networks. However, the combination of UAV networks and satellite networks currently faces many challenges in terms of security. The characteristics of large propagation delay and unstable communication links in satellite networks make them vulnerable to various attacks, including eavesdropping, tampering, and impersonation. Meanwhile, existing research on UAV networks mainly focuses on UAV-Ground networking authentication mechanisms, which are not suitable for resource-constrained nodes in the Space-Air integration scenario. Therefore, based on elliptic curve public key cryptography and Chebyshev polynomial, we propose a secure networking authentication scheme for satellite nodes and UAV nodes in the Space-Air integration scenario. The security analysis indicates that our scheme possesses security attributes such as mutual authentication, key agreement, identity anonymity, unlinkability, perfect forward-backward security, and resistance against various protocol attacks, among other security properties. Performance analysis also indicates certain advantages of our scheme over existing schemes in terms of signaling, bandwidth, and computational overhead.
The new challenges of hybrid working (part office, part home)
Authors: Dimitriu Raluca
Published: September 2023

Although not expressly regulated hybrid work is a reality that cannot be fully encapsulated in the concept of telework. It has several advantages: it allows employees to freely choose where they work, while not losing contact with colleagues. For companies, hybrid working allows a reduction in utility costs and a downsizing of office space, while still being able to benefit from the direct presence of workers. Therefore, hybrid work is the expression of a compromise, which can indeed lead to work-life reconciliation, but it can also have a number of disadvantages. The latter mainly come from the lack of concern of the Romanian legislator for the category of workers who combine remote work with in-office work. The paper describes hybrid work from a legal point of view – at the intersection between willingness and reluctance.
The implications of cybercrime for national security
Authors: Apachiţei Ioan Dumitru , Ichim Codrin Sîrcu
Published: September 2023

This study aims to identify the general aspects concerning the elements of correspondence between the notion of cybercrime and the field of national security by analysing the regulatory and institutional framework. Electronic information concerning national security requires concrete measures for its identification and control, as its alteration, theft, or modification may constitute a source of vulnerability for the security of the State and its citizens. In this respect, the architecture of the regulatory framework we are considering concerns national security provisions and the protection of classified information.
The average consumer standard - an assessment of the challenges of e-commerce
Authors: Fofiu Diana-Raluca
Published: September 2023

With the signing of the Treaty of Rome and the regulation of the single market, the European Union must continue its efforts to modernise and update the legislation governing the free trade area. It is not enough for the single market to exist, but it must be functional, competitive, and at the same time, secure and balanced, in order to support sustainable economic and social development. In this respect, greater attention must be paid to the digital internal market, which operates using new and complex instruments that can deepen the existing imbalance between the trader and the consumer. In the context of this digital asymmetry, the portrait of the average consumer needs to be analysed in relation to these new tools, as this standard generates new legislative directions and influences the way consumer protection policies are applied.
Vergleich der Lebensqualität nach operativer Therapie einer vertebralen Osteomyelitis und degenerativer Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Beyer Frank , Yagdiran Ayla , Eysel Peer , Bredow Jan
Published: September 2023

Die vertebrale Osteomyelitis (VO) und die degenerative Spondylolisthesis (SL) sind 2 häufig behandelte Krankheitsbilder an der Wirbelsäule. In der vorgelegten Arbeit wird daher die
Lebensqualität nach operativer Therapie dieser beiden Entitäten anhand etablierter Scores verglichen.

In einer monozentrischen Untersuchung wurden alle Patienten mit einer vertebralen Osteomyelitis und degenerativer Spondylolisthesen mithilfe des Spine-Tango-Registers prospektiv erfasst.
Chirurgisch erfolgte die ein- oder zweizeitige Fusion der betroffenen Segmente. Die Lebensqualität wurde mit dem Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) und dem Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) zu
den Zeitpunkten t0 (0 Monate), t1 (12 Monate) und t2 (24 Monate) erhoben. Die statistische Analyse erfolgte mit SPSS 28.0. Das Signifikanzniveau wurde auf 5% festgesetzt.

52 Patienten mit VO und 48 Patienten mit SL wurden in die Analyse eingeschlossen. Bei der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Die Verweildauer
in der SL-Gruppe war signifikant kürzer (p < 0,001). Der ODI zum Zeitpunkt t0 war in der VO-Gruppe signifikant höher (p < 0,001), hingegen unterschieden sich die COMI-Scores nicht
signifikant (p = 0,155). Zu den Zeitpunkten t1 und t2 waren die Unterschiede zwischen der VO- und SL-Gruppe weder für den ODI-Score signifikant verschieden (p = 0,176; p = 0,250) noch für den
COMI-Score (p = 0,682; p = 0,640).

Die postoperative Lebensqualität nach lumbaler Fusionsoperation bei SL und VO sind bei unterschiedlicher Indikation und Ausgangslage vergleichbar. In beiden Gruppen wird ein ODI- und
COMI-Score chronischer Rückenschmerzpatienten erreicht. Für die präoperativ bestehende Erwartungshaltung an eine Operation sollte dies ebenso wie für die Indikationsstellung bedacht
werden.
Drug-Resistant Strains in Surgical Site Infections after Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Gupta Veenu , Kaur Prateet , Chhina Deepinder , Singh Jaspal , Gupta Rama
Published: September 2023

Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication of abdominal surgery associated with substantial discomfort, morbidity, and cost.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the associated bacterial causes of SSI in patients after abdominal surgery.

Methods A prospective study over a 1-year (Jan 2019–Dec 2019) period was conducted at a tertiary care institution in North India. Postoperative patients of abdominal surgeries with SSI were included in the study. Any exudate from the surgical site was collected aseptically and was processed as per standard operating procedures.

Results Of 2,509 patients with abdominal surgeries included in the study, 75 (2.98%, majority, i.e., 50 males) developed SSI. Common risk factors found to be associated with the development of SSI include contaminated surgical sites, obesity, age, immunosuppression, and simultaneous infection at some other sites, with a predominance (89.3%) of gram-negative isolates. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism (45.3%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20%), Acinetobacter spp.(10.6%), Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (8% each). There was a very high (53%) prevalence of extended-spectrum β lactamase production among the E. coli and Klebsiella isolates. Additionally, 58.8% of the E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant, whereas 73.3% of the Klebsiella isolates were exclusively drug resistant. All the S. aureus isolates were found to be methicillin-resistant.

Conclusion Although the SSI rates after abdominal surgery were low, multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria were predominant in SSI.
Creative practice as research in Old Norse-Icelandic studies: Ancillary characters as storytellers
Authors: Gíslason Kári , Bennett Lisa
Published: September 2023

This article is a discussion between two writer-academics about projects that re-imagined medieval Icelandic sagas from the perspectives of female characters in these works, and in ways that adopted conventions of interiority and point of view associated with modern creative writing. The discussion examines the potential for creative practice to form a research methodology within Old Norse-Icelandic studies. In particular, the contingent or open-ended nature of creative practice makes it a vehicle by which to raise new questions in relation to texts that have been the subject of extensive prior study. While creative practice as research is to some extent limited by its personal and often quite individual nature, it does offer methods by which imagination and the deeply engaged act of making and re-telling can form part of our understanding of Old Norse-Icelandic texts.
The impact of education and digitalization on female labour force participation in BRICS: an advanced panel data analysis
Authors: Shuangshuang Yu , Zhu Wenzhong , Mughal Nafeesa , Aparcana Sergio Ivan Vargas , Muda Iskandar
Published: September 2023

The present study empirically elucidates the interconnections between digitalization and FLFP in BRICS economies. Furthermore, we also assessed the influence of three essential economic indicators on FLFP, i.e., education, fertility and GDP. We used annual data from 1990 to 2020 and advanced panel estimation techniques such as Banerjee and Crrion-i-Selvestre cointegration, slope heterogeneity, and cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lags model to effectuate these objectives. The study’s empirical results illustrate the existence of a positive interconnection between digitalization and FLFP in sample countries. In addition, education and GDP play an essential role in furthering FLFP in the long run. A similar interconnection is observed in the short period. However, the magnitude of the short-run impacts is smaller than the long-run impacts. The empirical analysis offers a few pertinent policy insights for policymakers to improve the situation in the selected sample.
First-principles thermodynamics study of CO/OH induced disintegration of precious metal nanoparticles on TiO2(110)
Authors: Cao Shiyan , Hu Sulei , Li Wei-Xue
Published: September 2023

Revealing the fundamental mechanisms governing reactant-induced disintegration of supported metal nanoparticles and their dependences on the metal component and reactant species is vital for improving the stability of supported metal nanocatalysts and single-atom catalysts. Here we use first-principles based disintegration thermodynamics to study the CO- and OH- induced disintegration of Ag, Cu, Au, Ni, Pt, Rh, Ru, and Ir nanoparticles into metal-reactant complexes (M(CO)n, M(OH)n, n=1 and 2) on the pristine and bridge oxygen vacancy site of TiO2(110). It was found that CO has a stronger interaction with these considered transition metals compared to OH, resulting in lower formation energy and a larger promotion effect on the disintegration of nanoparticles (NPs). The corresponding reactant adsorption energy shows a linear dependence on the metal cohesive energy, and metals with higher cohesive energies tend to have higher atomic stability due to their stronger binding with reactant and support. Further disintegration free energy calculations of NPs into metal-reactant complexes indicate only CO-induced disintegration of Ni, Rh, Ru, and Ir nanoparticles is thermodynamically feasible. These results provide a deeper understanding of reactant-induced disintegration of metal nanoparticles into thermodynamically stable metal single-atom catalysts.
Continuity bounds on observational entropy and measured relative entropies
Authors: Schindler Joseph , Winter Andreas
Published: September 2023

We derive a measurement-independent asymptotic continuity bound on the observational entropy for general positive operator valued measures measurements, making essential use of its property of bounded concavity. The same insight is used to obtain continuity bounds for other entropic quantities, including the measured relative entropy distance to a convex set of states under a general set of measurements. As a special case, we define and study conditional observational entropy, which is an observational entropy in one (measured) subsystem conditioned on the quantum state in another (unmeasured) subsystem. We also study continuity of relative entropy with respect to a jointly applied channel, finding that observational entropy is uniformly continuous as a function of the measurement. But we show by means of an example that this continuity under measurements cannot have the form of a concrete asymptotic bound.
Development of continuous measurement system for hydrogen and impurity gases using detector tube
Authors: Shimizu Y. , Miyagi A. , Nakagawa T.
Published: September 2023

A relatively accurate, inexpensive, simple, and continuous quantification system for hydrogen and impurity gas(es) using a detector tube was developed in this study. Additionally, different detector tubes can be applied to measure different types of gases in a wide range from ppm order to % level. We optimized this system and evaluated its accuracy as well as the behavior of released H2 and impurity (NH3) gases from a hydrolysis of ammonia borane using a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. The accuracy of hydrogen quantitation achieved by this system was comparable to that of commercial mass flow meters, and the accuracy of ammonia quantitation was 10% or 5% relative standard deviation, which depends on the detector tube. The concentration of released NH3 was evaluated by image analysis with a time-lapse video of the detector tube and succeeded in analyzing from ppm to % order. The H2 and NH3 release behaviors agreed with pH, and the percentage of reaction was estimated by NMR measurement of the reacted solution. These results confirmed the accuracy of this system.
Estimation of the turbulent kinetic energy in vegetated channels from the perspective of vortex dynamics
Authors: Xiang Ke , Gao Wei , Yang Zhonghua
Published: September 2023

Turbulence has been recognized as the main driver of sediment incipient motion in vegetated regions, where the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) linked to stem wakes exceeds that associated with bed shear and the classical bed shear-based model is no longer valid. Presently, the vegetation-generated turbulence within the emergent canopy of rigid cylinders is described from the perspective of vortex dynamics (i.e., how plant-induced eddies drain kinetic energy from the mean flow and feed it directly into turbulence), instead of the TKE budget balance generally in use. A few theoretical hypotheses on stem wake flow (including the volume, turbulence density, and turbulent energy of Karman vortices) are proposed, based on which a new model is proposed to predict the TKE in vegetated regions. The reasonable performance of this new model, compared with previous research data, indicates the feasibility of the new formula and associated theoretical hypotheses.
An efficient zero-order evolutionary method for solving the orbital-free density functional theory problem by direct minimization
Authors: Vergara-Beltran Ulises A. , Rodríguez Juan I.
Published: September 2023

A differential evolution (DE) global optimization method for all-electron orbital-free density functional theory (OF-DFT) is presented. This optimization method does not need information about function derivatives to find extreme solutions. Results for a series of known orbital-free energy functionals are presented. Ground state energies of atoms (H to Ar) are obtained by direct minimization of the energy functional without using either Lagrange multipliers or damping procedures for reaching convergence. Our results are in agreement with previous OF-DFT calculations obtained using the standard Newton–Raphson and trust region methods. Being a zero-order method, the DE method can be applied to optimization problems dealing with non-differentiable functionals or functionals with non-closed forms.
Size-induced metal–insulator transition temperature decrease of VO2 nanoparticles obtained by laser irradiation in water
Authors: Beckerle Bruno S. , Cezar Alex B. , Neckel Itamar T. , Schreiner Wido H. , Bezerra Arandi G. , Graff Ismael L. , Varalda José , Mosca Dante H.
Published: September 2023

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a highly attractive and multifunctional material for technological applications due to its metal–insulator transition, which is accompanied by several orders of magnitude changes in electrical resistivity and optical transmissivity. In this work, we report on the metal–insulator transition of VO2 nanoparticles which are produced by a simple, efficient, and low-cost two-step preparation method based on infrared laser irradiation of V2O5 powder dispersed in water and subsequent stoichiometric stabilization by vacuum annealing at 773 K. VO2 nanoparticles have an average size of 36 nm with facet-like contours and undergo a structural phase transition from a monoclinic to a tetragonal phase, accompanied by a metal–insulator transition occurring around 323 K, which is about 17 K lower than bulk VO2. No evidence of the formation of intermediary metastable phases is observed. Our findings reveal that the size of VO2 nanoparticles is a key parameter to moving the transition closer to room temperature, which is important for many applications.
Scaphopoda is the sister taxon to Bivalvia: Evidence of ancient incomplete lineage sorting
Authors: Song Hao , Wang Yunan , Shao Haojing , Li Zhuoqing , Hu Pinli , Yap-Chiongco Meghan K. , Shi Pu , Zhang Tao , Li Cui , Wang Yiguan , Ma Peizhen , Vinther Jakob , Wang Haiyan , Kocot Kevin M.
Published: September 2023

The almost simultaneous emergence of major animal phyla during the early Cambrian shaped modern animal biodiversity. Reconstructing evolutionary relationships among such closely spaced branches in the animal tree of life has proven to be a major challenge, hindering understanding of early animal evolution and the fossil record. This is particularly true in the species-rich and highly varied Mollusca where dramatic inconsistency among paleontological, morphological, and molecular evidence has led to a long-standing debate about the group’s phylogeny and the nature of dozens of enigmatic fossil taxa. A critical step needed to overcome this issue is to supplement available genomic data, which is plentiful for well-studied lineages, with genomes from rare but key lineages, such as Scaphopoda. Here, by presenting chromosome-level genomes from both extant scaphopod orders and leveraging complete genomes spanning Mollusca, we provide strong support for Scaphopoda as the sister taxon of Bivalvia, revitalizing the morphology-based Diasoma hypothesis originally proposed 50 years ago. Our molecular clock analysis confidently dates the split between Bivalvia and Scaphopoda at ~520 Ma, prompting a reinterpretation of controversial laterally compressed Early Cambrian fossils, including
Anabarella
,
Watsonella,
and
Mellopegma,
as stem diasomes. Moreover, we show that incongruence in the phylogenetic placement of Scaphopoda in previous phylogenomic studies was due to ancient incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) that occurred during the rapid radiation of Conchifera. Our findings highlight the need to consider ILS as a potential source of error in deep phylogeny reconstruction, especially in the context of the unique nature of the Cambrian Explosion.
Matriptase drives dissemination of ovarian cancer spheroids by a PAR-2/PI3K/Akt/MMP9 signaling axis
Authors: Pawar Nisha R. , Buzza Marguerite S. , Duru Nadire , Strong Amando A. , Antalis Toni M.
Published: September 2023

The transmembrane serine protease matriptase is a key regulator of both barrier-disruptive and protective epithelial cell–cell interactions. Elevated matriptase is a consistent feature of epithelial ovarian cancers (OvCa), where multicellular spheroids shed from the primary tumor into the peritoneal cavity are critical drivers of metastasis. Dynamic cell-to-cell adhesive contacts are required for spheroid formation and maintenance. Here, we show that overactive matriptase, reflected in an increased ratio of matriptase to its inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1 (HAI-1), disrupts cell–cell contacts to produce loose prometastatic spheroids that display increased mesothelial cell adhesion and submesothelial invasion. We show that these activities are dependent on the matriptase activation of a protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) signaling pathway involving PI3K/Akt and MMP9-induced disruption of cell–cell adhesion by the release of the soluble E-cadherin ectodomain. These data reveal a novel pathological connection between matriptase activation of PAR-2 and disruption of cell–cell adhesion, and support the clinical investigation of this signaling axis as a therapeutic strategy for aggressive metastatic OvCa.
Design and fabrication of a low-cost microfluidic cartridge with integrated pressure-driven check valve for molecular diagnostics platforms
Authors: Downen R Scott , Dong Quan , Chen Julius Lee , Li Zhenyu
Published: September 2023

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and preliminary testing of a low-cost, easy to manufacture microfluidics cartridge capable of fluid storage and manipulation through a custom pressure-driven check valve. Cartridge components are fabricated using a desktop CNC and laser cutter, the check valve is fabricated using PDMS in a custom acrylic mold, and the components are assembled using a thermal diffusion welder. Following assembly, preliminary testing of the cartridge, including fluid manipulation and use for molecular diagnostics, was performed. To pull a sample into the lysing chamber, a vacuum over 1.4PSI was required. No opening of the valve to the reaction chamber was observed. Moving fluid across the custom valve from the lysing chamber to the reaction chamber then required a vacuum over 4.5PSI. Finally, a proof-of-concept demonstration of one potential application was performed using a custom benchtop LAMP system for molecular diagnostic testing. The low-cost nature of the design, ease of manufacturing, fluid storage and manipulation demonstrated make this design ideal for research and high-volume testing in low resource environments.
MXene (Ti3C2T
x
)/TMD (ReSe2) nanohybrid-based flexible electromechanical sensors for cervical collar strain and shoulder load detection applications
Authors: Adepu Vivek , Tathacharya Manav , C S Raghuram , Sahatiya Parikshit
Published: September 2023

The possibly complex impacts of volunteer’s heavy backpacks, chronic neck pain are significant concerns and must be considered by the scientific and academic community. However already existing several alert systems can tackle these issues, but the evaluation approaches are costly and complicated. In this regard, ReSe2/Ti3C2T
x
nanohybrid based flexible sensors were fabricated by low-cost vacuum filtration technique and integrated into cervical collar strain and shoulder load detection alert systems to tackle these issues. The fabricated sensor displayed an excellent gauge factor of 14.38 and an improved sensitivity of 14.06 kPa−1. The response and recovery time of the pressure and strain sensor were 288 and 90 msec at 15% strain and 95 and 182 msec at 1.477 kPa pressure. There was a negligible degradation in performance when the pressure sensor was assessed for 5000 and the strain sensor for 4500 cycles, proving that the fabricated sensors are highly durable. The comprehensive underlying transduction mechanism is elucidated by intrinsic piezoresistive properties of nanohybrid (ReSe2/Ti3C2T
x
) and Schottky barrier height mechanism with complete electronic bandstructure realization using real-time ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Also, to transfer/receive data wirelessly on an Android/ios based smartphone, the fabricated sensors were connected to an electrical circuit with a microcontroller and Bluetooth module. The effective corroboration of the ReSe2/Ti3C2T
x
nanohybrid based physical sensors initiates innovative prospects in the field of flexible electronics.
Observation of the corner state in three-dimensional pyrochlore topological electric circuits
Authors: Guo Shengqun , Huang Jinke , Huang Ruimin , Su Shaojian , Lin Zhili , Qiu Weibin
Published: September 2023

Topological circuits become a powerful platform for realizing and observing topological states with significant flexibility and tunability. In this work, we experimentally realized three-dimensional pyrochlore topological circuits with a third-order topological corner state. The generalized chiral symmetry enables the corner state to exist in the band gap or the continuum, and the corner state in our circuits is localized on a single corner due to passing through the Wannier center. Our work provides a paradigm for exploring various topological phenomena in higher-dimensional systems by using topological circuits, which may have potential applications in the fields of future communication and signal processing.
The effects of abrasive moving speed and motion mode on the thinning mechanism of SiC in three-body contact
Authors: Zhou Yuqi , Huang Yuhua , Li Jinming , Lv Weishan , Zhu Fulong
Published: September 2023

Three-body contact is the main contact type in polishing process and leads to a different thinning mechanism than the two-body contact. Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to investigate the thinning mechanism of 3C-SiC substrate in three-body contact. The thinning mechanisms of 3C-SiC under different moving speeds and motion modes of diamond abrasive are compared. Through the analysis of force, temperature, potential energy, stress distribution and atomic flow field, the causes of different thinning mechanisms are explained. It is found that the influence of moving speed is mainly reflected in the temperature rise of substrate when the motion mode of abrasives is the same. The changes of motion mode will significantly alter the stress distribution, which is closely related to the damage depth and atomic flow field. When the feed speed is the same, increasing the self-rotation speed of abrasives can reduce concentration zone of hydrostatic stress and then reduce the damage depth. The self-rotation of abrasives will also change the distribution of von Mises stress, resulting in the different displacement directions of 3C-SiC atoms. Dislocations are more easily generated when the displacement direction of SiC atoms is the same. The moving speed of abrasive is found to have little effect on the thinning mechanism, while the motion mode of abrasive will significantly change the thinning mechanism.
Impact of PbO on structural, thermal, optical and gamma ray shielding behaviour of TeO2-CdO based glasses
Authors: Almuqrin Aljawhara H , Al-Ghamdi Hanan , Aloraini Dalal Abdullah , Sayyed M I , Kumar Ashok
Published: September 2023

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of an increase in the concentration of PbO on the structural, thermal, optical, and gamma ray shielding behavior of TeO2-CdO based glasses. The glasses were found to contain TeO4 and TeO3 units, as well as CdO metal oxide clusters, as indicated by the Raman spectrum. The glasses displayed minor weight loss (approximately 3%), suggesting high resistance to thermal degradation. With an increase in the concentration of PbO, the glass transition temperature (Tg), onset temperature (To), and crystallization temperature (Tc) all decreased. Additionally, the indirect band gap energy decreased from 3.497–3.337 eV as the lead oxide concentration increased. Moreover, the effects of PbO concentration on the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) were investigated. The LAC values were found to be highest at 39.5 keV and decreased with increasing energy. As the PbO concentration increased, LAC values also increase. The Zeff displayed an inverse relationship with energy, except for an abrupt increase at 121.8 keV. The half value layer was found to be positively correlated with energy and varied with changes in PbO and CdO concentrations. The glasses demonstrated effective gamma radiation shielding properties, with the HVL remaining small even at higher energies, suggesting potential applications in industries such as medical imaging where thin shielding materials are preferred.
Nanofibre-based trap for Rb2 molecule
Authors: Márquez-Mijares M , Lepetit B , Brion E
Published: September 2023

We describe a theoretical proposal of a nanofibre-based trap for a Rb2 molecule prepared in the metastable state

(
1
)

3

Σ

u

+

. The trapping potential results from the combination of a travelling and a standing-wave fields, both carried by the fundamental guided mode HE11 of the fibre. We show that, with an experimentally realistic choice of laser frequencies and powers, one can implement a ≈200μK-deep well at ≈140 nm from the fibre surface accomodating for ≈500 translational molecular states.
Design, modeling, and analysis of a novel XY micro-displacement scanning stage with an elliptical compliant restraint mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Weipeng , Li Shuai , Zheng Yan
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a novel piezoelectric XY micro-displacement scanning stage (MDSS), which features a parallel structure based on compliant mechanisms and has a compact configuration. Since the coupling problem between two motion axes, an innovative elliptical compliant restraint mechanism (ECRM) with a compact layout is proposed and utilized in XY MDSS to obtain high motion accuracy. And the XY MDSS can realize compact structure and lower input stiffness for a large workspace owing to the ECRM simultaneously. Due to the limited displacement of the piezoelectric stack actuator, compliant amplification mechanism is applied to achieve a large stroke. In order to estimate the static and dynamic characteristics theoretically, Castigliano’s second theorem and Lagrange’s method are utilized to establish the analytical models of the newfangled ECRM, compliant amplification mechanism, and XY MDSS. The finite element analysis and experimental tests are carried out to evaluate the performances of XY XDSS, and the results are all in correspondence with analytic solutions, which further validate the correctness of the analytical modeling methodologies. Experimental results show that the XY MDSS can realize a workspace of 58.8 μm × 51.5 μm with a resonance frequency of 576.5 Hz and nanometer-level resolution. The effectiveness of the designed ECRM is also proved simultaneously, which could well limit the coupling motion. The theoretical studies, finite element analysis, and experimental testing all demonstrate that the designed XY MDSS with ECRM has good performance while having a compact structure.
Stability, convergence and error analysis of B-spline collocation with Crank–Nicolson method and finite element methods for numerical solution of Schrodinger equation arises in quantum mechanics
Authors: Jena Saumya Ranjan , Senapati Archana
Published: September 2023

In the present study, the complex-valued Schrodinger equation (CVSE) is solved numerically by a nonic B-spline finite element method (FEM) in quantum mechanics. The approach employed is based on the collocation of nonic B-splines over spatial finite elements, so that we have continuity of the dependent variable and its first eight derivatives throughout the solution range. For time discretization, the Crank-Nicolson scheme of second order based on FEM is employed. The method is shown to be unconditionally stable and accurate to order. Three problems are considered to validate the algorithm. Comparisons are made with existing methods and analytical solutions. The proposed method exhibits good conservation properties and performs well with regards to analytical solutions for different error norms and conservative constants related to parameters in quantum classes in Physics. The computational complexity of (2N+18) arithmetic operations with the help of a nonic-diagonal matrix is also tackled by the present scheme.
Dynamical analysis and circuit implementation of a memristive chaotic system with infinite coexisting attractors
Authors: Li Xinying , Sun Shaoze , Yang Zongkai , Li Jinping
Published: September 2023

In order to obtain a chaotic system with more complex dynamic characteristics and more suitable for engineering applications, this paper combines a general memristor containing a hyperbolic tangent function with a simple three-dimensional chaotic system to construct a four-dimensional memristive chaotic system with infinite coexisting attractors. The memristive chaotic system is thoroughly studied through numerical simulations of various nonlinear systems, including the Lyapunov exponent spectra, bifurcation diagram, C0 complexity, two-parameter bifurcation diagram and basins of attraction. The analysis reveals that this system has complex dynamical behavior. It includes not only periodic limit loops and chaotic attractors that depend on the variation of system parameters, but also the extreme multi-stability phenomenon of infinite coexisting attractors that depend on the variation of the initial conditions of the system. In addition, the chaos degradation and offset boosting control of the system are also studied and analyzed. Finally, the correctness and realizability of the memristive chaotic system are verified by circuit simulation and hardware circuit fabrication.The experimental results show that this memristive chaotic system can lay the foundation for practical engineering fields such as secure communication and image encryption.
Photo sensing analysis of T-shape TFET sensor under visible range of spectrum
Authors: Tiwari Shreyas , Saha Rajesh
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the optical performance of T-shape TFET based photo sensor under visible range of spectrum using a technology computer-aided design (TCAD) Synopsys simulator. The optical analysis of a photo device results in enhancement of spectral sensitivity (Sn), Signal to noise ratio (SNR), Responsivity (R), recombination rate, drain current, and optical generation rate. The result reveals that device under illumination reports magnitude of SNR are 67.79, 47.38, and 38.3 dB at λ= 300, 500, and 700 nm, respectively. The primary objective for investigating the optical operation of TFET is to detect Sn at low gate voltage and make it suitable for low power optical applications in the visible range of spectrum. Finally, a comparison table is introduced to compare the sensitivity of proposed TFET based photo sensor with the existing FET based sensor. TFET based photo sensors have found widespread applications in electronic devices such as wearable bands, smart watches, and IoT appliances, where power efficiency is critical.
Nanostructuring of strontium titanate by highly energetic ions induced plasma
Authors: El-Said A S , Moslem W M , Tolba R E , Bahlouli H
Published: September 2023

Highly energetic heavy ions are efficient tool in surface nanostructuring of various materials. The irradiation of strontium titanate with GeV xenon ions leads to the creation of surface nanohillocks, where each hillock is produced by single ion impact. We focus on the creation mechanism of the nano-sized hillocks by presenting a new approach, which is based on the ability of the ion-induced strong electronic excitations in forming localized plasma. The creation of nano-plasma leads to the existence of nonlinear ion-acoustic mode that propagates in the plasma as an indicator to the feature of the nanohillocks. The solution of the plasma hydrodynamic equations shows a bell-shape relation between the normalized electron number density and distance along the crystal. The similarity to the hillock profile implies the importance of electron density in producing the observed surface structures. Furthermore, the utilized model explains the creation mechanism of hillocks-like structures in case of normal incidence as well as grazing incidence of highly energetic heavy ions.
Individual versus simultaneous estimation of two parameters in a correlated noisy environment
Authors: Guo Youneng , Chen Xiangjun , Yang Cheng , Xie Qin
Published: September 2023

Recently, the phase parametric estimation for a single qubit system driven by a phase noisy laser under non-Markovian dynamics has been reported [Annals of Physics 351, 952 (2014)]. We here generalize the single-parameter estimation to the two-parameter scenario where a two-qubit system is influenced by the classical correlated noisy laser, and compare the performances of two-parameter estimation in both individual and simultaneous strategies by using the quantum Fisher information and the quantum Fisher information matrix, respectively. Our results show the phase parametric estimation precision can be significantly improved due to the memory effect arising from successive applications of the noisy laser. With the memory coefficient μ increasing, the precision of parameter estimation becomes more accurate. Besides, the phase parameter estimation precision can be drastically enhanced by engineering the ratios of classical phase diffusion rate and system-environment coupling strength in both Markovian and non-Markovian regions. Remarkably, we find the simultaneous estimation of two-phase parameters is not always advantageous over the individual strategy.
The role of various heterostructures on radiation tolerance of Cu-based nanocomposites
Authors: Amini Maryam , Azadegan Behnam
Published: September 2023

Using heterogeneous or multilayer structures of graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has bright prospects for designing NCs with high radiation tolerance. This heterostructure can improve the radiation tolerance of Cu-based nanocomposites (NCs). In this study, the effects of the morphology of interface materials on the radiation tolerance of NCs are investigated. Single cascade induced by 3, 6, and 9 keV primary knocked-on atom (PKA) and 6 keV PKA-induced cascade overlaps are studied in three different NCs using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results show the performance of interface morphology to inhibit defects in bulk regions of NCs. A comparison between radiation tolerance and stability of the Cu-based NCs including MoS2/gr/MoS2 heterostructure (Sample 1), Cu/5gr/Cu (Sample 2), and Cu/MoS2@Cu@MoS2/Cu (Sample3) shows that Cu-MoS2-gr configuration has the lower number of surviving defects after single cascade induced by different energies of PKA. This phenomenon highlights the bonds’ role of S-S, Mo-Mo, and Mo-S of the MoS2 and ultra-strength C-C bonds of graphene in controlling the frequent collision-triggered shock wave’s energy in layers of the Cu-MoS2-gr interface. We found that with increasing the number of cascade overlaps, the number of defects in the cascade bulk (bulkc) region of Sample 2 and Sample 3 NCs fluctuates. Results show that after about fifth overlapped cascades, the raising rate of the number of defects in the sub-cascade bulk (bulksc) region of the Sample 3 NC is higher than that of other NCs. These results prove that the damaged area which has been created by the first collision cascade, doesn’t change with increasing the number of overlapped cascades, but can affect controlling defects in bulks. Results imply that the composite resulting from Cu-MoS2-gr and Cu-gr exhibits an extraordinary ability to resist irradiation damage. These results highlight the role of interface morphology in inhibiting damage and suggest new models of NCs.
Valley dependent tunable Berry curvature related properties in heterojunction of graphene on WSe
2
Authors: Aftab Tayyaba
Published: September 2023

Heterojunction of graphene on WSe
2 has strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in terms of valley Zeeman λ

vz
and Rashba λ

r
contributions. The interplay of SOC terms and lattice potential term are shown to tune the behavior of the heterojunction in terms of energy dispersion. The valley and spin degree of freedom are useful for the tuning and use of the heterojunction as a potential candidate in valleytronics and spintronics. We have shown Berry curvature, magnetic moment, orbital magnetization and Nernst coefficient to be valley, spin and SOC dependent. All these factors are shown to influence the behavior of the graphene on WSe
2. We are able to tune and vary the behavior according to the needs by the interplay of these factors.
Electronic properties of MnO(110) film grown on Cu (111)
Authors: Alí Astrid , Caetano Rubem , Barreto Jade , Félix Guilherme , Soares Archanjo Braulio , Achete C A , Stavale Fernando , Annese Emilia
Published: September 2023

In this study, we investigated MnO thin films grown on Cu(111) using a soft x-ray and UV based spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling (STM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). MnO thin film assumes (110) preferential plane orientation organized in different spatial domains to better adapt to Cu(111) surface and an in-plane/out-of-plane lattice parameter variation up to 11% with respect to bulk counterpart originating a sizeable XLD signal at Mn L2,3 edges. The formation of oxidized Cu region during the MnO thin film growth is not avoidable due to the copper reactivity to oxygen and at the interface the coexistence of MnO islands alternated with Cu2O regions was observed by STM. Mn 2p and Mn 3s core level photoemission line shapes present a slight change in multiplet peak relative intensity with respect bulk MnO counterpart due to the role of Cu substrate in the core level relaxation process. The photon energy dependent photoemission spectra of valence band discriminate the MnO states and indicate a weak influence of the substrate once the film thickness is reduced to 1 nm. These findings open new route in the tuning oxide thin film properties.
Solvable limits of a class of generalized vector nonlocal nonlinear schrödinger equation with balanced loss-gain
Authors: Ghosh Supriyo , Ghosh Pijush K
Published: September 2023

We consider a class of one dimensional Vector Nonlocal Non-linear Schrödinger equation (VNNLSE) in an external complex potential with time-modulated Balanced Loss-Gain(BLG) and Linear Coupling(LC) among the components of Schrödinger fields, and space-time dependent nonlinear strength. The system admits Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations under certain conditions. It is shown that various dynamical variables like total power,




-symmetric Hamiltonian, width of the wave-packet and its speed of growth, etc are real-valued despite the Hamiltonian density being complex-valued. We study the exact solvability of the generic VNNLSE with or without a Hamiltonian formulation. In the first part, we study time-evolution of moments which are analogous to space-integrals of Stokes variables and find condition for existence of solutions which are bounded in time. In the second part, we use a non-unitary transformation followed by a coordinate transformation to map the VNNLSE to various solvable equations. The coordinate transformation is not required at all for the limiting case when non-unitary transformation reduces to pseudo-unitary transformation. The exact solutions are bounded in time for the same condition which is obtained through the study of time-evolution of moments. Various exact solutions of the VNNLSE are presented.
The role of Sn and Zn substitutions on the magnetic properties of nanosized Y-type hexaferrite prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion method
Authors: Jafari A , Monsef S , Shokrollahi H , Mirzaee O
Published: September 2023

The current paper has focused on the improvement of the magnetic performance of the Sn, Zn-doped Y-type hexaferrite nanoparticles via the sol–gel auto-combustion method. The partial replacement of nonmagnetic Zn2+ and Sn4+ cations for the magnetic Fe3+ cation was studied. At the low Zn-Sn concentration, the Sn4+ cations had a preference for octahedral locations (12k, 2a, 4f2) and the Zn2+ cations had a strong tendency to move to the tetrahedral spaces (4f1), respectively. Based on this data, the single-phase hexaferrites with the chemical formula of Sr2Co1.7Mg0.3Fe(12-x)Snx/2Znx/2O22 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) were successfully synthesized via the sol–gel auto-combustion method. The x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) were carried out to investigate the obtained ferrite performance. The results revealed the formation of the single-phase platelet-like Y-type hexagonal ferrites after calcinations at 1000 °C with a thickness of 30–70 nm and a particle size of 90–210 nm. The obtained nanosized ferrites had the magnetic coercivity (Hc) and the saturation magnetization (Ms) in the range of 2100–637 Oe and 38–48 emu g−1, respectively. The addition of Sn, Zn dopants enhanced the saturation magnetization and reduced the magnetic coercivity, which can make this ferrite a candidate for some applications.
A dual operating (27/38 GHz) high performance 2 × 4 MIMO antenna array for 5G new radio applications
Authors: Kiouach Fatima , Aghoutane Bilal , Das Sudipta , Islam Tanvir , El Ghzaoui Mohammed , Madhav BTP
Published: September 2023

This article presents an unique configuration of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna array for functioning at 27/38 GHz millimeter-wave 5G new radio (NR) frequency bands applications. The suggested antenna is constructed with four MIMO elements, containing total of eight identical patches arranged in a 2 × 4 array configuration. The array also includes a separate non-connected rectangular ground plane with an overall dimension of 32.4 × 32.8 × 0.8 mm3. The single radiating patch elements are designed using spline resonator with H-shaped structures. The prototype model is realized using low cost FR-4 substrate and the obtained measurement results validate the analyzed simulated results. The suggested MIMO array antenna offers dual band operation with an impedance bandwidth of 8400 MHz covering 22 to 30.4 GHz and 8500 MHz ranging from 36.1 to 44.6 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves a peak gain of 8.75 dBi when operating at 27 GHz and 18.59 dBi at 38.1 GHz. Furthermore, it shows circular polarization characteristics by offering the axial ratio values significantly lower than 3 dB at 27 GHz and 38.1 GHz frequency bands. Additionally, the results indicate the favourable values of the diversity performance parameters with reference to Mean effective gain (MEG), Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), Diversity gain (DG), Total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and Channel capacity loss (CCL). Moreover, it demonstrates high isolation (<−20 dB) within the desired bandwidth. These superior characteristics make it compatible for 5G NR frequency bands N257(26.5-29.5 GHz), N258 (24.5-27.5 GHz), N259 (39.5-43.5 GHz) and N260 (37-40 GHz), enabling its use in various countries including the China, European Union, Sweden, Korea, Japan, United States of America, Canada and Australia.
Combined super-Gaussian pump intensity profile model and its application to a solid-state laser
Authors: Wang Yaoting , Jing Gui , Zhang Ruihong , Zhang Jiansheng , Li Wujun
Published: September 2023

The modeling of a combined super-Gaussian profile distribution for fiber-coupled laser diode beam intensity is investigated in this paper. By fitting the measured beam intensity distribution to the combined super-Gaussian model, the coefficient of determination is better than that of the Gaussian function and super-Gaussian function with order of 2. Applying this theoretical model to the fiber-coupled laser diode end-pumped Nd:GdVO4 laser at 1342 nm, the theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.