bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRISPR-Cas9–Mediated Modification of the NOD Mouse Genome With Ptpn22R619W Mutation Increases Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Lin Xiaotian , Pelletier Stephane , Gingras Sebastien , Rigaud Stephanie , Maine Christian J. , Marquardt Kristi , Dai Yang D. , Sauer Karsten , Rodriguez Alberto R. , Martin Greg , Kupriyanov Sergey , Jiang Ling , Yu Liping , Green Douglas R. , Sherman Linda A.
Published: April 2016

An allelic variant of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22), PTPN22R620W, is strongly associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in humans and increases the risk of T1D by two- to fourfold. The NOD mouse is a spontaneous T1D model that shares with humans many genetic pathways contributing to T1D. We hypothesized that the introduction of the murine orthologous Ptpn22R619W mutation to the NOD genome would enhance the spontaneous development of T1D. We microinjected CRISPR-Cas9 and a homology-directed repair template into NOD single-cell zygotes to introduce the Ptpn22R619W mutation to its endogenous locus. The resulting Ptpn22R619W mice showed increased insulin autoantibodies and earlier onset and higher penetrance of T1D. This is the first report demonstrating enhanced T1D in a mouse modeling human PTPN22R620W and the utility of CRISPR-Cas9 for direct genetic alternation of NOD mice.
Effectiveness of Acupuncture Therapies to Manage Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Extremities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cox Jocelyn , Varatharajan Sharanya , Côté Pierre , Optima Collaboration
Published: April 2016

Study Design

Systematic review.

Background

Little is known about the effectiveness of acupuncture therapies for musculoskeletal disorders.

Objective

To assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapies for musculoskeletal disorders of the extremities.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1990 to 2015 for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies. Eligible studies were appraised with Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. A best-evidence synthesis was performed to synthesize results from included studies with a low risk of bias. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the impact of excluding studies with a high risk of bias.

Results

The search revealed 5180 articles; 15 were included (10 with a low risk of bias, 5 with a high risk of bias). The studies with a low risk of bias suggested that (1) traditional needle acupuncture was superior to oral steroids (1 RCT, n = 77) and may be superior to vitamin B1/B6 supplements (1 RCT, n = 64) for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and was superior to exercise for Achilles tendinopathy (1 RCT, n = 64). Traditional needle acupuncture did not provide important benefit over placebo for upper extremity pain (1 RCT, n = 128), or no intervention for patellofemoral pain (1 RCT, n = 75), and was inconclusive for shoulder pain (2 RCTs, n = 849), suggesting no important benefit; (2) electroacupuncture may be superior to placebo for shoulder injuries (1 RCT, n = 130) and may not be superior to night splinting for persistent CTS (1 RCT, n = 78); and (3) dry needling may be superior to placebo for plantar fasciitis (1 RCT, n = 84). Sensitivity analysis suggests that including studies with a high risk of bias might have impacted the evidence synthesis in support of managing shoulder pain with traditional needle acupuncture, and that would suggest traditional needle acupuncture may be effective for lateral epicondylitis and piriformis syndrome.

Conclusion

Evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture for musculoskeletal disorders of the extremities was inconsistent. Traditional needle acupuncture may be beneficial for CTS and Achilles tendinopathy, but not for nonspecific upper extremity pain and patellofemoral syndrome. Electroacupuncture may be effective for shoulder injuries and may show similar effectiveness to that of night wrist splinting for CTS. The effectiveness of dry needling for plantar fasciitis is equivocal.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, 1a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(6):409–429. Epub 26 Apr 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6270
Validity and Reliability of a Commercial Fitness Watch for Measuring Running Dynamics
Authors: Adams Douglas , Pozzi Federico , Carroll Anthony , Rombach Andrew , Zeni Joseph
Published: April 2016

Study Design

Validity and reliability study.

Background

Providing feedback on running mechanics is a common intervention to decrease the risk of injury or to restore running after an injury. Commercially available devices are able to measure running dynamics, such as cadence, ground contact time (GCT), and vertical oscillation (VO), but there is limited evidence on the validity and reliability of these measures.

Objective

To determine the validity and reliability of measures of cadence, GCT, and VO with a fitness watch compared to a motion-analysis system.

Methods

Twenty runners ran in 3 conditions: (1) baseline (self-selected speed and cadence), (2) higher cadence, and (3) decreased vertical motion (minimal oscillation). Ten runners also performed an additional baseline running session to measure intrasession reliability. For each condition, the average cadence, GCT, and VO were collected from a watch and from a motion-capture system. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess validity between devices. An analysis of variance with 2 repeated measures was used to determine the ability of the watch and motion analysis to detect change in running dynamics.

Results

The ICCs between the 2 measuring systems were 0.931, 0.963, and 0.749 for cadence, VO, and GCT, respectively (P<.01). The minimal detectable changes at the 95% confidence interval for cadence, VO, and GCT were 2.53 steps per minute, 0.45 cm, and 0.01 seconds, respectively, for the watch. There were no interaction effects, but there was a main effect for condition; both devices detected changes in running dynamics.

Conclusion

The watch is a valid and reliable tool for detecting changes in cadence, VO, and GCT. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(6):471–476. Epub 26 Apr 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6391
The agent environment in multi-agent systems: A middleware perspective
Authors: Weyns Danny , Helleboogh Alexander , Holvoet Tom , Schumacher Michael
Published: April 2016

Interaction is at the core of multi-agent systems. We use agent environment as a general term to denote the medium for agent interaction. Over the last years, the agent environment has been subject of active research. In this paper, we reflect on the role of the agent environment in multi-agent systems from a middleware perspective. Our study yields the following observations: (1) multi-agent system engineers consider distributed middleware (RMI, CORBA, etc.) as the basic platform for developing multi-agent systems, (2) common middleware services (security, persistency, etc.) are only minimally considered in multi-agent systems, (3) domain-specific middleware for multi-agent systems such as communication services and support for stigmergic coordination are typically developed as stand-alone services and as such difficult to compose with other services.

From these observations, we derive a number of challenges for research on environments in multi-agent systems: (1) to amplify reuse, application-specific services should be further consolidated into domain-specific services, (2) the problem of integration must be tackled, i.e. horizontal integration among domain-specific services for multi-agent systems, and vertical integration of domain-specific services upwards with the agents, and downwards with the common middleware services and the underlying distributed platform, (3) to support dynamic changing requirements of the system at hand, flexible composition and dynamic adaptation of services must be supported by the agent environment.
Organocatalytic, Asymmetric [2+2+2] Annulation to Construct Six-Membered Spirocyclic Oxindoles with Six Continuous Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Li Zhi-Long , Liu Chao , Tan Rui , Tong Zhi-Ping , Liu Yan-Kai
Published: April 2016

Lactols and cyclic hemiaminals were directly used in a one-pot organo/organo dual catalytic system induced [2+2+2] tandem reaction for the asymmetric construction of six-membered carbocycles. The enamine-based stereoselective Michael addition of lactols or cyclic hemiaminals to electron-deficient olefinic oxindole motifs provided chiral C4 components, which were further combined with triethylamine catalyzed Michael/Henry sequential reactions affording spirocyclic oxindole derivatives containing six continuous stereogenic centers with excellent enantioselectivities as a single diastereoisomer. All these desired products have versatile molecular complexity, which might have potential applications in synthetic organic chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry.
Using SPOT and Aerial False-Color Infrared (fCIR) Imagery to Verify Floodplain Model Results in West Central Florida
Authors: Karlin Alvan , Fulkerson Mark , Altman Gene
Published: April 2016

Tropical Storm Debby brought severe flooding to portions of southwestern Florida during the summer of 2012. Remotely-sensed images were collected to document the flooding and test the results of Hydrologic and Hydraulic (H & H) storm water models constructed by the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). One image, a satellite, multi-band SPOT image was provided to the SWFWMD by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This image was collected within 48 h of the storm event. The SWFWMD also contracted for a very high resolution (60 cm Ground Sample Distance (GSD)) fCIR image to be captured for selected watersheds in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties, the areas most impacted by the flooding. Modeled floodplain results were compared to remotely-sensed images that were georeferenced and analyzed using remote sensing techniques. The higher resolution fCIR images more clearly identified flooding for better comparison with modeled results. Although the fCIR images, which were collected three to four days after the storm event, under predicted the overall extent of the modeled floodplain, as the images could not confirm the presence of flooding in areas obscured by dense vegetation, they did consistently confirm both the location and shape of flooding simulated by the model. By using image analysis methods on the Near-Infrared (NIR) band of the fCIR image in conjunction with the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), however, it was possible to identify the extent of flooding in those obscured areas. Field surveys of high water elevations indicated that many locations had receded within hours of the storm event, limiting the ability of the fCIR image from capturing peak flood level in all areas. Overall, these remotely-sensed images provided a good validation of predicted flood levels for a design storm of the magnitude of Tropical Storm Debby.
A Controlled and Retrospective Study of 144 Chronic Low Back Pain Patients to Evaluate the Effectiveness of an Intensive Functional Restoration Program in France
Authors: Caby Isabelle , Olivier Nicolas , Janik Frédérick , Vanvelcenaher Jacques , Pelayo Patrick
Published: April 2016

Study Design: A controlled and retrospective study of 144 chronic low back pain patients to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive functional restoration program in France. Objective: Evaluating the efficiency of an intensive, dynamic and multidisciplinary functional restoration program in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP), during 6 and 12 months follow up. Summary of background data: Chronic low back pain disease has a multifactor nature, involving physical, psychological professional and social factors. A functional restoration program (FRP) has been included in a multidisciplinary training program which provides an efficient therapeutic solution. However, the effectiveness of an FRP has not been yet established. Methods: 144 subjects (71 males, 73 females) with chronic low back pain were included in a functional restoration program. The FRP includes physiotherapy and occupational therapy interventions together with psychological counselling. Patients participated as in- or outpatients 6 h per day, 5 days a week over 5 weeks. Pain intensity, trunk flexibility, trunk strength, lifting ability, quality of life and return to work were recorded before, immediately after, and at 6 months and 12 months after the treatment period. Results: All outcome measures were significantly higher just after the FRP (144 patients) and at 6 and 12 months (from available data in 31 subjects) compared to pre-treatment values. This FRP for chronic low back pain maintained its benefits whatever the patient’s activities. Conclusions: The effects reflected on all outcome measures, both on short and long term follow-up. The multidisciplinary FRP for chronic low back pain patients durably stopped the de-conditioning syndrome and involved new life-style habits for the patient, daily pain management and a return to work.
Gender, Age and Season as Modifiers of the Effects of Diurnal Temperature Range on Emergency Room Admissions for Cause-Specific Cardiovascular Disease among the Elderly in Beijing
Authors: Zheng Shan , Wang Minzhen , Li Bei , Wang Shigong , He Shilin , Yin Ling , Shang Kezheng , Li Tanshi
Published: April 2016

Background: Diurnal temperature range (DTR) is an important index of climate change and variability. It is also a risk factor affecting human health. However, limited evidence is available to illustrate the effect of DTR modification on cause-specific cardiovascular disease among the elderly. Methods: A semi-parametric generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze the exposure-effect relationship between DTR and daily emergency room (ER) admissions for cause-specific cardiovascular diseases among the elderly from 2009 to 2011 in Beijing. We examined the effects of DTR for stratified groups by gender and age, and examined the effects of DTR in the warm season and cold season for cause-specific cardiovascular diseases. Results: Significant associations were found between DTR and ER admissions for all cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease among elderly males, while DTR was significantly associated with ER admissions for all cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease among elderly females. People aged 75 years and older were more vulnerable to DTR. DTR caused greater adverse effects on both genders in the warm season, whereas the effect estimates on females were higher in cold season than in warm season. Conclusions: A short-term increase of DTR was significantly associated with ER admissions for cause-specific cardiovascular disease among the elderly in Beijing. Gender, age and season may modify the acute health effect of DTR. Some prevention programs that target the high risk subgroups in the elderly for impending large temperature changes may reduce the impact of DTR on people’s health.
Spatial-Temporal Variations of Water Quality and Its Relationship to Land Use and Land Cover in Beijing, China
Authors: Chen Xiang , Zhou Weiqi , Pickett Steward , Li Weifeng , Han Lijian
Published: April 2016

Rapid urbanization with intense land use and land cover (LULC) change and explosive population growth has a great impact on water quality. The relationship between LULC characteristics and water quality provides important information for non-point sources (NPS) pollution management. In this study, we first quantified the spatial-temporal patterns of five water quality variables in four watersheds with different levels of urbanization in Beijing, China. We then examined the effects of LULC on water quality across different scales, using Pearson correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, and multiple regressions. The results showed that water quality was improved over the sampled years but with no significant difference (p > 0.05). However, water quality was significantly different among nonurban and both exurban and urban sites (p < 0.05). Forest land was positively correlated with water quality and affected water quality significantly (p < 0.05) within a 200 m buffer zone. Impervious surfaces, water, and crop land were negatively correlated with water quality. Crop land and impervious surfaces, however, affected water quality significantly (p < 0.05) for buffer sizes greater than 800 m. Grass land had different effects on water quality with the scales. The results provide important insights into the relationship between LULC and water quality, and thus for controlling NPS pollution in urban areas.
Patients’ Perceptions of Endodontic Treatment as Part of Public Health Services: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Melgaço-Costa José , Martins Renata , Ferreira Efigênia , Sobrinho Antônio
Published: April 2016

Evaluations by patients constitute an important part of the process of improving health services. This study examined patients’ perceptions of secondary dental care in three cities in Minas Gerais, Brazil based on the endodontic treatment received. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews (addressing access, treatment and results) and a field diary (direct observations and report of professionals). The interviews were audiotaped, fully transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. Two principal themes were identified: access to service and quality of service. The difficulties in accessing service were associated with the insufficient number of professionals to meet the high demand for endodontic treatment, problems in referring from primary to secondary care and geographic barriers. Service quality was related to the presence/absence of pain and anxiety that patients experienced, the time and number of sessions required to complete treatment, how patients were treated by dentists, and whether those patients would recommend the service to other patients. Access to endodontic treatment was a problem emphasized by users, and satisfaction with the quality of the service was more related to how patients were treated than to the technical competence of the dentist.
Advantages and Pitfalls of Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolome Profiling in Systems Biology
Authors: Aretz Ina , Meierhofer David
Published: April 2016

Mass spectrometry-based metabolome profiling became the method of choice in systems biology approaches and aims to enhance biological understanding of complex biological systems. Genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics are well established technologies and are commonly used by many scientists. In comparison, metabolomics is an emerging field and has not reached such high-throughput, routine and coverage than other omics technologies. Nevertheless, substantial improvements were achieved during the last years. Integrated data derived from multi-omics approaches will provide a deeper understanding of entire biological systems. Metabolome profiling is mainly hampered by its diversity, variation of metabolite concentration by several orders of magnitude and biological data interpretation. Thus, multiple approaches are required to cover most of the metabolites. No software tool is capable of comprehensively translating all the data into a biologically meaningful context yet. In this review, we discuss the advantages of metabolome profiling and main obstacles limiting progress in systems biology.
5-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol
Authors: Kondratiuk Michael , Gorobets Nikolay , Sedash Yuriy , Gümüş Mustafa , Desenko Sergey
Published: April 2016

The title compound was synthesized by multicomponent condensation of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, acetone and 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. The structure was established by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR spectroscopy and LC-MS.
Effects of Surface Modification on the Mechanical Properties of Flax/β-Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Wu Chang-Mou , Lai Wen-You , Wang Chen-Yu
Published: April 2016

The effects of surface treatment of flax fibers featuring vinyltrimethoxy silane (VTMO) and maleic anhydride-polypropylene (MAPP) on the mechanical properties of flax/PP composites were investigated. α-polypropylene (α-PP) and β-polypropylene (β-PP) were used as matrices for measuring the mechanical properties of the flax fiber/polypropylene (flax/PP) composites. Flax/PP composites composed of double-covered uncommingled yarn (DCUY) were prepared using a film-stacking technique. The influence of surface treatment on the tensile, flexural, impact, and water uptake properties of Flax/PP composites were investigated. MAPP treatment was suitable for flax/PP composites in terms of superior tensile and impact properties. VTMO treatment showed superior flexural properties and less influence on the impact properties after moisture absorption.
Influence of Physical Activity and Ambient Temperature on Hydration: The European Hydration Research Study (EHRS)
Authors: Mora-Rodriguez Ricardo , Ortega Juan , Fernandez-Elias Valentin , Kapsokefalou Maria , Malisova Olga , Athanasatou Adelais , Husemann Marlien , Domnik Kirsten , Braun Hans
Published: April 2016

This study explored the effects of physical activity (PA) and ambient temperature on water turnover and hydration status. Five-hundred seventy three healthy men and women (aged 20–60 years) from Spain, Greece and Germany self-reported PA, registered all food and beverage intake, and collected 24-h urine during seven consecutive days. Fasting blood samples were collected at the onset and end of the study. Food moisture was assessed using nutritional software to account for all water intake which was subtracted from daily urine volume to allow calculation of non-renal water loss (i.e., mostly sweating). Hydration status was assessed by urine and blood osmolality. A negative association was seen between ambient temperature and PA (r = −0.277; p < 0.001). Lower PA with high temperatures did not prevent increased non-renal water losses (i.e., sweating) and elevated urine and blood osmolality (r = 0.218 to 0.163 all p < 0.001). When summer and winter data were combined PA was negatively associated with urine osmolality (r = −0.153; p = 0.001). Our data suggest that environmental heat acts to reduce voluntary PA but this is not sufficient to prevent moderate dehydration (increased osmolality). On the other hand, increased PA is associated with improved hydration status (i.e., lower urine and blood osmolality).
Sorption and Diffusion of Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide in Sulfonated Polyaniline as Chemical Sensing Materials
Authors: Liang Qiuhua , Jiang Junke , Ye Huaiyu , Yang Ning , Cai Miao , Xiao Jing , Chen Xianping
Published: April 2016

A hybrid quantum mechanics (QM)/molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is performed to investigate the effect of an ionizable group (–SO3−Na+) on polyaniline as gas sensing materials. Polymers considered for this work include emeraldine base of polyaniline (EB-PANI) and its derivatives (Na-SPANI (I), (II) and (III)) whose rings are partly monosubstituted by –SO3−Na+. The hybrid simulation results show that the adsorption energy, Mulliken charge and band gap of analytes (CO2 and H2O) in polyaniline are relatively sensitive to the position and the amounts of –SO3−Na+, and these parameters would affect the sensitivity of Na-SPANI/EB-PANI towards CO2. The sensitivity of Na-SPANI (III)/EB-PANI towards CO2 can be greatly improved by two orders of magnitude, which is in agreement with the experimental study. In addition, we also demonstrate that introducing –SO3−Na+ groups at the rings can notably affect the gas transport properties of polyaniline. Comparative studies indicate that the effect of ionizable group on polyaniline as gas sensing materials for the polar gas molecule (H2O) is more significant than that for the nonpolar gas molecule (CO2). These findings contribute in the functionalization-induced variations of the material properties of polyaniline for CO2 sensing and the design of new polyaniline with desired sensing properties.
Indenopyrans – synthesis and photoluminescence properties
Authors: Diac Andreea Petronela , Ţepeş Ana-Maria , Soran Albert , Grosu Ion , Terec Anamaria , Roncali Jean , Bogdan Elena
Published: April 2016

New indeno[1,2-c]pyran-3-ones bearing different substituents at the pyran moiety were synthesized and their photophysical properties were investigated. In solution all compounds were found to be blue emitters and the trans isomers exhibited significantly higher fluorescence quantum yields (relative to 9,10-diphenylanthracene) as compared to the corresponding cis isomers. The solid-state fluorescence spectra revealed an important red shift of λmax due to intermolecular interactions in the lattice, along with an emission-band broadening, as compared to the solution fluorescence spectra.
STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS BASED MODELING OF THE MILKY WAY USING ASTEROSEISMOLOGY OF 13,000 KEPLER RED GIANTS
Authors: Sharma Sanjib , Stello Dennis , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Huber Daniel , Bedding Timothy R.
Published: April 2016

With current space-based missions it is now possible to obtain age-sensitive asteroseismic information for tens of thousands of red giants. This provides a promising opportunity to study the Galactic structure and evolution. We use asteroseismic data of red giants, observed by Kepler, to test the current theoretical framework of modeling the Galaxy based on population synthesis modeling and the use of asteroseismic scaling relations for giants. We use the open source code Galaxia to model the Milky Way and find the distribution of the masses predicted by Galaxia to be systematically offset with respect to the seismically inferred observed masses. The Galactic model overestimates the number of low-mass stars, and these stars are predominantly old and of low metallicity. Using corrections to the

Δ
ν

scaling relation suggested by stellar models significantly reduces the disagreement between predicted and observed masses. For a few cases where non-seismic mass estimates are available, the corrections to

Δ
ν

also improve the agreement between seismic and non-seismic mass estimates. The disagreement between predictions of the Galactic model and the observations is most pronounced for stars with

[Fe/H]
<
−
0.5

and

[Fe/H]
>
0

or for

T

eff

>
4700

K. Altering the star formation rate in order to suppress stars older than 10 Gyr improves the agreement for mass but leads to inconsistent color distributions. We also tested the predictions of the TRILEGAL Galactic model. However, unlike Galaxia, it had difficulties in reproducing the photometric properties of the Kepler Input Catalog because it overestimates the number of blue stars. We conclude that either the scaling relations and/or the Galactic models need to be revised to reconcile predictions of theory with asteroseismic observations.
A SUPER-EDDINGTON, COMPTON-THICK WIND IN GRO J1655–40?
Authors: Neilsen J. , Rahoui F. , Homan J. , Buxton M.
Published: April 2016

During its 2005 outburst, GRO J1655–40 was observed at high spectral resolution with the Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer, revealing a spectrum rich with blueshifted absorption lines indicative of an accretion disk wind—apparently too hot, too dense, and too close to the black hole to be driven by radiation pressure or thermal pressure (Miller et al.). However, this exotic wind represents just one piece of the puzzle in this outburst, as its presence coincides with an extremely soft and curved X-ray continuum spectrum, remarkable X-ray variability (Uttley & Klein-Wolt), and a bright, unexpected optical/infrared blackbody component that varies on the orbital period. Focusing on the X-ray continuum and the optical/infrared/UV spectral energy distribution, we argue that the unusual features of this “hypersoft state” are natural consequences of a super-Eddington Compton-thick wind from the disk: the optical/infrared blackbody represents the cool photosphere of a dense, extended outflow, while the X-ray emission is explained as Compton scattering by the relatively cool, optically thick wind. This wind obscures the intrinsic luminosity of the inner disk, which we suggest may have been at or above the Eddington limit.
Le sentiment de continuité d’existence
Authors: Houzel Didier
Published: April 2016

Winnicott relie le sentiment de continuité de l’existence aux soins parentaux et, en particulier au holding maternel qui permet à l’enfant de passer de la non-intégration de sa personnalité à l’intégration à travers des stades de dépendance d’abord absolue, puis relative, vers une indépendance de plus en plus grande. L’auteur suggère que ce processus peut se comprendre en termes de stabilité structurelle permettant à l’enfant de construire un monde intérieur et d’acquérir une identité. Il illustre cette hypothèse par le cas d’un bébé à risque autistique traité par des entretiens psychothérapeutiques mère-enfant.
The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Knowledge Management in Tequila Companies from Mexico
Authors: Nuñez Ramírez Marco Alberto , Wendlandt Amezaga Teodoro Rafael , Álvarez Medina María Trinidad
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this research is to determine the degree of association between organizational culture and knowledge management. Using a quantitative and cross-sectional design, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between variables, as well as a hierarchical multiple regression in order to measure the potential impact of organizational culture on knowledge management. To test some hypotheses, a sample of 39 tequila business organizations from the state of Jalisco was obtained, whose results provided empirical evidence that organizational culture can associate and explain to knowledge management.
Comparison and Review of Concrete-to-Concrete Interface Shear Resistance According to Major Design Codes
Authors: Čairović Đorđe , Girgle Frantisek , Kostiha Vojtech , Kadlec Jaroslav , Stepanek Petr
Published: April 2016

The paper focuses on interface shear behavior, more precisely on shear resistance of the interface between lightweight and regular concrete layers cast at different times without shear reinforcement crossing the interface. Different approaches according to most of major design codes (Eurocode, ACI and Model Code 2010 among other) are briefly reviewed, with emphasis on difference between variables resp. material and cross-section characteristics, on which interface resistance depends. Furthermore, two sets of experiments were carried out: direct shear test on Z-type specimens and slant shear test slightly modified to enforce adhesive failure. Obtained results are compared with theoretical values.
Design of Ceiling Structures with Regards to Deflection
Authors: Šmejkal Jiří , Procházka Jaroslav
Published: April 2016

The standard EN 1992-1-1 [1] provides two approaches to limiting deflection of ceiling structures. One approach is limitation of bending slenderness using simple formulas. The second approach is the direct calculation of deflection. In the paper, there are analyzed restrictive conditions for the use of limited bending slenderness. Further there are design approaches for determining deflections of conventional floor building structures. Then there is mentioned the solution of estimating of total deflection from the linear FEM calculations. Information on other methods of determining the deflection of ceiling structures is given in the end.
Modelling of Hygro-Thermal Processes in Steel-Concrete Composite Columns Exposed to High Temperatures
Authors: Štefan Radek , Procházka Jaroslav
Published: April 2016

In the paper, transport processes in heated steel-concrete composite columns are analyzed. Mathematical models of heat transfer and coupled heat and mass transfer are described with respect to the specific parameters of composite structures. Numerical formulations of the models are implemented into MATLAB environment and the applicability of the models is depicted on an illustrative example. It is shown that not only the thermal distribution, but also the moisture migration as well as the pore pressure built-up are of particular interest.
Effect of Reduced Bond of Prestressed Strands
Authors: Vítek Jan L. , Čítek David
Published: April 2016

Bond of prestressing strands may be reduced by using protective coatings against corrosion during winter period, when early grouting of ducts may be impossible. It was not verified if the reduced bond has an influence on the performance of the post-tensioned structures. The experimental program was prepared, which investigated the bond of prestressing strands without protection and with two types of protective coatings. The program had two parts, laboratory pull-out tests and bending tests of large post-tensioned beams. The paper presents the results of this experimental program.
Excavation of the Ejpovice Tunnels
Authors: Ivor Štefan , Staš Martin , Schneider Jiří
Published: April 2016

In the year 2013 the modernization of a railway track between the cities Rokycany and Plzeň had began. This project, which is part of the third Czech Railway Transit Corridor includes partly reconstruction of the existing track and partly construction of a completely new track. Because of this, in the part between Ejpovice and Plzeň, new structures like bridges, culverts as well as tunnels have to be done.
Two tunnel tubes under the hills Homolka and Chlum will be excavated by S-799 Herrenknecht tunneling machine and after its completion they will be the longest railway tunnels in the Czech Republic. The complete length will be 4150 meters. Tunnel lining segments are made of fiber-reinforced concrete.
Properties of Lightweight Concretes Made of Aggregate from Recycled Glass
Authors: Sedlmajer Martin , Zach Jiří
Published: April 2016

The paper describes the basic properties of newly developed lightweight cement concrete containing lightweight aggregate based on recycled glass. The basic properties of concrete were observed, i.e. bulk density in fresh and hardened state and compressive strength. Given the low bulk density of the concretes being designed, thermal conductivity is also observed in order to assess the options off improving thermal insulation properties in a structure where such concrete may be used. Thermal insulation properties are the primary parameter in the implementation of floor or ceiling structure composition.
Issues of Testing of Cementitious Composites in Uniaxial Tension
Authors: Tipka Martin , Vaskova Jitka
Published: April 2016

The paper deals with the issues of uniaxial tension tests of concrete and fibre reinforced concrete. Possible shapes of specimens and arrangements of the experiment are discussed, including the consequences arising from the adjustments. Behaviour of sample during loading, before and after initiation of the first crack is studied, stresses in the critical cross-section as well as loading methods are analysed.
Prediction of lake surface temperature using the air2water model: guidelines, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Piccolroaz Sebastiano
Published: April 2016

Water temperature plays a primary role in controlling a wide range of physical, geochemical and ecological processes in lakes, with considerable influences on lake water quality and ecosystem functioning. Being able to reliably predict water temperature is therefore a desired goal, which stimulated the development of models of different type and complexity, ranging from simple regression-based models to more sophisticated process-based numerical models. However, both types of models suffer of some limitations: the first are not able to address some fundamental physical processes as e.g., thermal stratification, while the latter generally require a large amount of data in input, which are not always available. In this work, lake surface temperature is simulated by means of air2water, a hybrid physically-based/statistical model, which is able to provide a robust, predictive understanding of LST dynamics knowing air temperature only. This model showed performances that are comparable with those obtained by using process based models (a root mean square error on the order of 1°C, at daily scale), while retaining the simplicity and parsimony of regression-based models, thus making it a good candidate for long-term applications.

The aim of the present work is to provide the reader with useful and practical guidelines for proper use of the air2water model and for critical analysis of results. Two case studies have been selected for the analysis: Lake Superior and Lake Erie. These are clear and emblematic examples of a deep and a shallow temperate lake characterized by markedly different thermal responses to external forcing, thus are ideal for making the results of the analysis the most general and comprehensive. Particular attention is paid to assessing the influence of missing data on model performance, and to evaluating when an observed time series is sufficiently informative for proper model calibration or, conversely, data are too scarce thus leading to the risk of overfitting. The final aim of the work is to facilitate the use of the model also by scientists that do not necessarily have a solid background on modelling or physics. However, this work should not be considered simply as a collection of best practices, but also as the attempt to foster the communication and interaction among colleagues of a branch of science, limnology, that suffer of significant fragmentation. This is summarized in the future perspectives and challenges concerning potential improvements of the air2water, with a particular emphasis on possible cross-sectoral applications.
Enmiendas parciales a la teoría del restauro (I) Imágenes y palabras
Authors: Jiménez Alfonso
Published: April 2016

Las reflexiones que siguen tienen el valor indudable de una especie de “examen de conciencia” realizado por su autor tras una intensa y larga experiencia acumulada, unas veces como observador privilegiado comprometido y otras como protagonista de importantes acontecimientos en torno a la restauración arquitectónica en la España contemporánea. Son reflexiones acerca de la crítica, la percepción de la arquitectura, la terminología sobre restauración y la diferenciación entre la “práctica”, el “método” y las “mil y una teorías”, dejando para una segunda parte, en el próximo número de LOGGIA, la teoría que “hace suya”.
La restauración de edificios históricos de obra de fábrica
Authors: Binda L.
Published: April 2016

La restauración de edificios históricos de obra de fábrica, fue, hasta los años setenta, algo reservado para unos pocos expertos. El deterioro de este tipo de construcciones, debido a los últimos sismos, a la carencia de mantenimiento y a su propia antigüedad, ha involucrado en la restauración a un gran número de arquitectos e ingenieros; como consecuencia, se plantea una gran necesidad de guías y códigos para la realización de ensayos, la aplicación de técnicas para la conservación, así como la práctica de la enseñanza. A continuación se presentan las principales recomendaciones, los códigos existentes, el desarrollo y las necesidades de futuro.
Tendencias actuales de la Restauración en Italia
Authors: Carbonara Giovanni
Published: April 2016

La trayectoria de Giovanni Carbonara como arquitecto testimonia una vocación fundacional de una disciplina de la restauración crítico-conservadora, la heredera más cualificada de la obra de Cesare Brandi. La lucidez de su discurso se asienta sobre sus investigaciones rigurosas, su labor docente infatigable como profesor de historia de la arquitectura y de la restauración arquitectónica, su dirección de cursos de posgrado y de tesis doctorales exigentes, su labor como proyectista, además de su trabajo en equipo con los cualificados profesores de su departamento de historia de la arquitectura y de la escuela de posgrado y su presencia en los comités de dirección de numerosas revistas.**
Restauraciones en la Catedral de Santo Domingo de la Calzada
Authors: Cuadra Rodríguez Gerardo
Published: April 2016

Pocas intervenciones en los últimos años han alcanzado tal grado de polémica como las realizadas en la cabecera de esta Catedral. La causa principal ha sido el traslado del magnífico Retablo Mayor de Damián Forment de la Capilla Mayor a la Capilla del Santo Cristo. El arquitecto responsable de la intervención realiza, -en las páginas que siguen-, una reflexión sobre criterios generales de restauración, al amparo de los cuales explica con detalle las circunstancias y razones que justifican el traslado y consiguientes restauraciones, ponderando los inconvenientes y ventajas de dicha actuación.
Restauración del claustro nororiental del convento de la Compañía de Jesús en La Antigua Guatemala
Authors: Muñoz Cosme Gaspar , Vidal Lorenzo Cristina
Published: April 2016

La singular historia de la fundación, destrucción y pervivencia de La Antigua en Guatemala, una ciudad congelada en el tiempo desde hace más de dos siglos, sirve de base histórica para la introducción de la historia del Convento de la Compañía de Jesús y de su claustro nororiental, que ha sido recientemente objeto de restaurauración y rehabilitación de la edificación circundante como sede del Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana en la ciudad.
La Basílica de San Francisco de Asís después del terremoto del 26 de septiembre de 1997
Authors: Croci Giorgio
Published: April 2016

La Basílica de San Francisco de Asís, gravemente dañada tras los primeros terremotos de otoño de 1997, amenazaba con un colapso completo a raíz del estado de difícil equilibrio en que había quedado. La intervención descrita en este artículo explica cómo se pudo consolidar el templo dañado en tiempo récord, poco antes de un seísmo fortísimo que habría provocado con seguridad el derrumbamiento de gran parte de su cubierta, con la grave pérdida que este hecho hubiera supuesto para el patrimonio arquitectónico y la historia del arte italiana.
Simulating ozone dry deposition at a boreal forest with a multi-layer canopy deposition model
Authors: Zhou Putian , Ganzeveld Laurens , Rannik Üllar , Zhou Luxi , Gierens Rosa , Taipale Ditte , Mammarella Ivan , Boy Michael
Published: April 2016

Abstract. A multi-layer ozone (O3) dry deposition model has been implemented into SOSAA (a model to Simulate the concentrations of Organic vapours, Sulphuric Acid and Aerosols) to improve the representation of O3 within and above the forest canopy in the planetary boundary layer where O3 is a key oxidant agent of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and thus affecting organic aerosol processes. We aim to predict the O3 uptake by a boreal forest canopy under varying environmental conditions and analyse the influence of different factors on total O3 uptake by the canopy as well as the vertical distribution of deposition sinks inside the canopy. We evaluated the newly implemented canopy deposition model by an extensive comparison of simulated and observed O3 fluxes and concentration profiles within and above the boreal forest canopy at SMEAR II (the Station to Measure Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relation II) in Hyytiälä, Finland, in August, 2010. The first half of August showed extremely warm and dry conditions which were probably representative for summer conditions prevailing at this site in future. The simulated O3 turbulent fluxes at the canopy top and the O3 concentration profiles inside the canopy agreed well with the measurement, which indicated that the turbulent transport and the O3 dry deposition onto the canopy and soil surface appeared to be properly represented in the model. In this model, the fraction of wet surface on vegetation leaves was parameterised according to the ambient relative humidity (RH). Model results showed that when RH was larger than 70 % the O3 uptake onto wet skin contributed 48.6 % to the total deposition during nighttime and 22.0 % during daytime. In addition, most of the O3 deposition occurred below 0.8 hc (canopy height) at this site. The contribution of sub-canopy deposition below 4.2 m was modelled to be about 40 % of the total O3 deposition during daytime which was similar to previous studies. Whereas for nighttime, the simulated sub-canopy deposition contributed 40–65 % to the total O3 deposition which was about two times as that in previous studies (25–30 %). The overall contribution of soil uptake was estimated as 36.5 %. These results indicated the importance of non-stomatal O3 uptake processes, especially the uptake on wet skin and soil surface. Furthermore, a qualitative evaluation of the chemical removal time scales indicated that the chemical removal rate within canopy was about 5 % of the total deposition flux at daytime and 16 % at nighttime under current knowledge of air chemistry. The evaluation of the O3 deposition processes provides improved understanding about the mechanisms involved in the removal of O3 for this boreal forest site which are also relevant to the removal of other reactive compounds such as the BVOCs and their oxidation products, which will be focus of a follow-up study.
Impacts of historical climate and land cover changes on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality in East Asia over 1980–2010
Authors: Fu Yu , Tai Amos P. K. , Liao Hong
Published: April 2016

Abstract. To examine the effects of changes in climate, land cover and land use (LCLU), and anthropogenic emissions on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) between the 5-year periods 1981–1985 and 2007–2011 in East Asia, we perform a series of simulations using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) driven by assimilated meteorological data and a suite of land cover and land use data. Our results indicate that climate change alone could lead to a decrease in wintertime PM2.5 concentration by 4.0–12.0 μg m−3 in northern China, but an increase in summertime PM2.5 by 6.0–8.0 μg m−3 in those regions. These changes are attributable to the changing chemistry and transport of all PM2.5 components driven by long-term trends in temperature, wind speed and mixing depth. The concentration of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is simulated to increase by 0.2–0.8 μg m−3 in both summer and winter in most regions of East Asia due to climate change alone, mostly reflecting higher biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions under warming. The impacts of LCLU change alone on PM2.5 (−2.1 to +1.3 μg m−3) are smaller than that of climate change, but among the various components the sensitivity of SOA and thus organic carbon to LCLU change (−0.4 to +1.2 μg m−3) is quite significant especially in summer, which is driven mostly by changes in biogenic VOC emissions following cropland expansion and changing vegetation density. The combined impacts show that while the effect of climate change on PM2.5 air quality is more pronounced, LCLU change could offset part of the climate effect in some regions but exacerbate it in others. As a result of both climate and LCLU changes combined, PM2.5 levels are estimated to change by −12.0 to +12.0 μg m−3 across East Asia between the two periods. Changes in anthropogenic emissions remain the largest contributor to deteriorating PM2.5 air quality in East Asia during the study period, but climate and LCLU changes could lead to a substantial modification of PM2.5 levels.