bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability of steel reinforced soil walls after footing failure
Authors: Bathurst Richard J. , Miyata Yoshihisa , Otani Yoshinori , Ohta Hitoshi , Miyatake Hiroaki
Published: July 2016

Two nominal identical 4 m high steel strip reinforced soil walls varying only with respect to reinforcement layer length arrangement were constructed and instrumented in an indoor laboratory environment. A novel feature of the tests was a foundation arrangement that allowed for simulated loss of toe support. Both walls performed well at the end of construction (EOC). Predicted unfactored maximum reinforcement tensile loads at the EOC using four different load models were judged to be conservative (safe for design) based on comparison with measured loads for both walls. Reinforcement loads were observed to increase with decreasing toe support, particularly at the base of the walls. A fully developed composite soil failure mechanism propagating from the heel of the foundation bulkhead and behind the reinforcement layers was observed during excavation of the stepped base wall model. There were no visual indications of soil failure within or behind the wall with longer uniform reinforcement lengths. However, predicted EOC loads for this wall were exceeded for most layers after loss of toe support. Implications for the design, analysis and performance of steel strip reinforced soil walls with similar reinforcement arrangements constructed over initially competent soil foundations and then subject to loss of toe support are identified.
Ground response and grout distribution by field soil grouting
Authors: Chang Muhsiung , Huang Ren-Chung
Published: July 2016

Generally, grout extent and ground deformation are of great concern in soil grouting practice. In this paper, the ground behaviour, injection mechanism and grout distribution relating to field grouting in soils are discussed. It is found that the mechanisms of injection comply with generally accepted groutability requirements based on particle size ratio, where suspension grouts fracture clayey soils and solution grout permeates sandy soils. Ground heaving is affected by the sealing effect of grouts in upper soil layers. This study shows ground heave increases with the depth of grouting. The final heave volume reaches about 22% of the total grout injected. Lateral ground expansion is influenced by the hydraulic fracturing of grouts. Hydraulic fractures, which are nearly vertically formed in soils, produce lateral movements of the ground. The final lateral expansion of the ground, within 1 m radial zone of the grout hole, is approximately 12% of the total grout injected. A three-dimensional grout distribution is postulated based on the mapped grout traces in soils. The observed vertical grout fractures, with apertures of less than 15 mm and lateral extents of 1~4 m, confirm that the site soil strata are normally consolidated.
Modelling of a pipeline subjected to soil mass movements
Authors: Oliveira Jose Renato M. S. , Rammah Khader I. , Trejo Pablo C. , Almeida Marcio S. S. , Almeida Maria C. F.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the results of physical modelling tests carried out on a geotechnical centrifuge to investigate the influence of a soil mass movement on the behavior of a pipeline buried in a marine soil. In this study, a series of centrifuge tests was performed on a model pipeline buried in Roncador oil field marine clay. The soil mass movement was modelled using a vertical plate that pushed the soil towards the pipe. The test setup allowed the measurement of deformations and forces developed in the pipe during the consolidation of the soil and due to the soil movement. The influence of pipe embedment was also investigated through different tests with different soil heights above the pipe crest. The results indicate that the force transmitted to the pipeline decreases with the increase of the pipe freedom to displace when subjected to the soil loading. Additionally, the force on the pipe increases as the embedment ratio increases. The tests results were compared with different analytical approaches documented in the literature in order to understand the behavior of buried pipelines under similar loading conditions and to quantify the stresses and deformations, which are considered key inputs for any design procedure.
Improving urban thermal profile with trees and water features
Authors: Masiero Érico , de Souza Léa Cristina Lucas
Published: July 2016

In a tropical city with dry periods, the potential for high humidity to control the air temperature by two processes was investigated: the impounding of water bodies and arborisation in urban design. Air temperature and humidity were monitored in eight points in a zone of 250 000 m2. Three of them had detailed site characteristics. Point A was located on the margin of a dam in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. Point B was located 200 m away from the margin in a sealed soil and low built density area. Point C was located 400 m northward under a tree. These three points were connected by a vegetated corridor, thus the environment remained susceptible to prevailing winds. A weather station, located southeast of the area, supplied the temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction data of the rural environment. The temperature above the water body margin registered 2·5°C lower than the rural environment. The water body increased the humidity by an average of 5·08 g/m3 more in the surroundings than near the tree crown. The results show that the presence of moisture could be applied as a thermal comfort strategy in this city, with the support of public policies to create open area systems and urban parks.
DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION WITH OR WITHOUT SENTENCE CONTEXT LEXICAL DEFINITIONS IN YOUNG PEOPLE AGED BETWEEN 8 AND 12
Authors: Luigi Aprile
Published: July 2016

Our hypothesis foresees the presence of the following lexical abilities: synonyms, antonyms, categories, word function with or without sentence context. 215 girls and 257 boys in third grade, 240 girls and 255 boys in fourth grade, 245 girls and 276 boys in fifth grade (for a total of 1488) participated in this research project. The experiment was divided into 2 phases. In the first phase, 100 boys and girls, divided by age were asked to define words with high image value and dominant meaning and frequency of use in a list. The words were taken from short readings of elementary school literature. The passages used were those reflecting a popularity rating above 80%. The Flesch index of readability (with a value between 64 and 73, higher than mean value of 50) was applied to the readings. In the first phase we recorded the answers the children gave to questions such as “What does word X mean?” or “How would you define word X?”. The children were asked to provide the best written definition according to them. They were with no problems in reading and writing processes. We then proceeded to elaborate the test with four multiple choice questions. In the second phase, using the definitions provided by the children, we used trials subject to item analysis using calculations based on: index of difficulty, ability to distinguish, reliability factor (using the Kuder-Richardson formula). The definitive test was divided into eight parts including: synonyms, antonyms, categories, contextual and non contextual functions (PAV or Analytical Vocabulary Test, Florence, O.S., 1991).The results showed by means of factorial analysis times principle components (varimax method, N = 1488) the presence of two principal factors: Factor 1, contextual and Factor 2, non contextual. This data would seem to confirm that subjects when working out the definition of words, need two types of information: the context of the sentence in which the word is used (Factor 1, contextual) and the definition of the word without referring to the sentence (Factor 2, non contextual).
THE “QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE DIFFERENCE IMAGINARY BABY VS. REAL BABY”: A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR THE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL MATERNAL PERCEPTIONS AFTER DELIVERY
Authors: Chagas Carolina Santos , Maltez Patrícia Mendes Lourenço , Miranda Sandra Isabel Santos , Justo João Manuel Rosado de Miranda
Published: July 2016

INTRODUCTION: Fantasmatic baby, imaginary baby and the real baby are important concepts for the understanding of the psychological life of pregnant women as of newly mothers.GOAL: To present a new psychometric instrument for the assessment of the difference between imaginary baby and real baby by the first days after delivery.METHOD: Generation of 30 items about the difference between imaginary baby and real baby related to five main areas of newborns’ life: feeding, sleeping, interaction, baby characteristics and temperament.PARTICIPANTS: The “Questionnaire of the Difference Imaginary Baby vs. Real Baby” (QDIBRB) was applied to a sample (N = 190) of newly mothers at Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa in Lisbon.RESULTS: After a series of factorial analysis, Equamax rotation with extraction forced to 4 factors (explaining 52.7% of total variance) provided 3 factors about differences between maternal prenatal and postnatal perceptions on the following areas: F1 - babies’ positive emotional expressions (α = .881), F2 - maternal fears related with babies’ behavioral meaning (α = .850) and F3 - babies’ appealing behavior (α = .783). For the complete scale internal consistency is excellent (α = .921).CONCLUSION: The QDIBRB seems to be able to assess differences between the imaginary baby and the real baby in a psychometric way. Future research is needed to show if data collected with QDIBRB are useful in the world of perinatal psychology
TOPICS EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN DEL ENVEJECIMIENTO: UN EJEMPLO DE ANALISIS DE CASO
Authors: González Rabanal Melina , Sánchez Cabaco Antonio , Fernández Mateos Luz Mª
Published: July 2016

Nuestro objetivo con este trabajo es realizar un análisis de la productividad investigadora, en el ámbito del envejecimiento, por parte de la asociación INFAD, publicada a través de su instrumento de difusión del conocimiento, la revista InternationalJournal of Developmental and EducationalPsychology. A partir de una categorización inicial en 8 campos científicos se clasifican los diferentes artículos publicados y se muestran los resultados encontrados en el periodo 2007-2014. Señalamos además los autores más productivos, tanto españoles como portugueses, en el rango temporal marcado. Por último se derivan las conclusiones para el envejecimiento activo.
COMPRENDERE E FAR COMPRENDERE
Authors: De Leo Daniela
Published: July 2016

In this paper the basic question is how who stars from the comprehension contributes to build the learning in a different way than who starts from an easy activity, have a light measurement of comprehension that you want to develop and live the same space inside of linguistic interaction process, constant negotiation of meanings, to realize a significant learning.In questo saggio la questione principale è come chi parte dalla comprensione concorra a costruire apprendimento in modo diverso da chi parte da una semplice attività, avere chiara la dimensione di comprensione che si vuole sviluppare e abitare la stessa dimensione all’interno dell’interazione linguistica, costante negoziazione di significati, aiuta ad attivare il processo di progettazione per la realizzazione di un apprendimento significativo.
IMPLEMENTACION DE SISTEMAS ERGONÓMICOS: RECOMENDACIONES FINALES PARA EL PARLAMENTO, LA COMISIÓN Y EL ESTADO ESPAÑOL
Authors: Sánchez Iglesias Ana Isabel , Vicente Castro Florencio , Casas Barrigón José Ángel , Sánchez Cabaco Antonio , Del Barrio José Antonio , Jiménez Antonio , Fajardo Caldera Mª Isabel , Palmero Carmen , González Santos Josefa
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo recoge las conclusiones finales de la investigación desarrollada a lo largo de estos dos últimos años en el marco del proyecto europeo ERGO WORK,(Joining academia and business for new opportunities in creating ERGOnomic WORK places) junto a las aportaciones complementarias realizadas por la Asociación INFAD en relación a la implementación de sistemas ergonómicos en el ámbito del empleo y la discapacidad. Como herramienta innovadora de este estudio, destacar el conjunto de recomendaciones que se han elevado ya a la Comisión Europea, con el objetivo de contribuir a los fines de mejora marcados al respecto por la U.E , además de las relativas al Estado Español, con competencia directa en la misma. La filosofía del Diseño para Todos se ha convertido en un tema de interés clave en el actual contexto nacional y europeo que, como demostraremos, aporta soluciones concretas para que tanto los entornos como los productos, servicios y sistemas puedan ser utilizados por el mayor número posible de personas respondiendo a modelos inclusivos y de atención a la diversidad. La investigación se ha desarrollado a través de un Consorcio integrado por seis países europeos y diez socios, ha sido financiada por la Comisión Europea en el marco de las Alianzas Estratégicas (Erasmus-LLP), y plantea como uno de sus productos finales parte de las conclusiones recogidas en este trabajo.
APOYO PSICOEDUCATIVO Y AFECTIVO EN ENTORNOS VIRTUALES DE APRENDIZAJE
Authors: Saneiro Silva Mª del Mar
Published: July 2016

RESUMEN.Los estudiantes con discapacidad, eligen la modalidad de educación a distancia debido a la necesidad de disponer de contenidos y servicios accesibles, y apoyo de naturaleza psicoeducativa. Para dar respuesta a estas necesidades se ha generado un marco general de apoyo (flujo de aprendizaje, recursos y servicios) integrado en un curso facilitado a través de un entorno virtual de aprendizaje (VLE), con una arquitectura abierta, que puede ser integrada en las distintas plataformas actuales de aprendizaje para apoyar un proceso de aprendizaje inclusivo en el ámbito de la Educación Superior. A partir de los resultados de la evaluación de estos servicios en distintas universidades, se constata la necesidad de ampliar el ámbito en el que se facilita apoyo psicoeducativo, mediante la inclusión de los aspectos afectivos en el modelo de usuario. Para ello, se desarrollan nuevas aproximaciones metodológicas, enriqueciendo el proceso de adaptación y personalización, a partir de la investigación sobre detección, reconocimiento y etiquetado de estados emocionales. Esta información, será posteriormente utilizada como indicadores, para elicitar recomendaciones afectivas a lo largo del flujo de aprendizaje. Finalmente se describen los objetivos del trabajo actual que se desarrolla para mejorar la provisión de apoyo afectivo en entornos reales de aprendizaje.ABSTRACT.The students with disability are choosing either distance or blended learning are in the need of accessible learning contents and services, as well as of psycho-educational support. To cope with their needs, a support framework (learning flow, adapted resources and services) integrated into a course delivered through a virtual learning environment (VLE) through a standards-based open architecture focused on supporting inclusive learning at Higher Education has been developed. The results obtained from the evaluation of the mentioned services in different large, medium and small universities, showed the need of to extend the scope of the psychoeducational support provided through the inclusion of affective issues into the user profile. In order to achieve this objective, new methodological approaches are being developed enriching the adaptation and personalization process. This information can be used as additional indicators guiding the elicitation of affective recommendations along the learning flow. Finally, the research objectives and present on-going work towards understanding the affective support needed in real educational scenarios have been described.
LA FENILCETONURIA Y LA HIPERACTIVIDAD: RESULTADOS EN NIÑOS EXTREMEÑOS
Authors: García Aparicio Virgilio , Vicente Castro Florencio
Published: July 2016

RESUMEN.La Fenilcetonuria (PKU) pertenece a un tipo de hiperfenilalaninemias, éstas son un grupo de errores innatos en el metabolismo del aminoácido fenilalanina, que se caracterizan normalmente por producir un retraso mental severo e incluso la muerte cuando no se tratan adecuadamente. De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), está catalogada como enfermedad rara. Por otro lado, el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos con mayor prevalencia en niños en edad escolar. Consiste en un patrón persistente de déficit que incluye la falta de atención y/o hiperactividad e impulsividad, y se presenta con una frecuencia y una gravedad que es inconsistente y no adaptativa en relación con el nivel de desarrollo del niño (APA, 2000).Objetivo: Comprobar que los niños fenilcetonúricos obtienen resultados significativamente superiores a los niños del grupo control para los indicadores de TDAH.Metodología: la investigación contempla un carácter descriptivo y cuantitativo, se utilizaron las herramientas de entrevista y el cuestionario Conners (padres y profesores) en una muestra de ocho niños extremeños fenilcetonúricos, que representan la población total de fenilcetonúricos en el rango de edad de entre ocho a trece años después de tener en cuenta los criterios de exclusión, y ocho niños extremeños de edad similar como grupo control.ABSTRACT.Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a type of hyperphenylalaninemias, which are an inborn group of errors of the amino acid phenylalanine metabolism that are usually characterized by producing a severe mental retardation and even death if it is not treated properly.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is classified as rare disease. On the other hand, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in  schoolchildren. It consists of a persistent deficit pattern that includes lack of attention and / or hyperactivity and impulsivity, and it is present with an inconsistent and non adaptative frequency and severity with regard to the child's  development stage (APA, 2000).Objective: To check that PKU children get significantly higher results than the control group of children for ADHD indicators.Methodology: the research includes a descriptive and quantitative approach. Interview tools were used as well as Conners Questionnaire (parents and teachers) in a sample of eight phenylketonuric children from Extremadura, who represents the total population of PKU children aged 8–13, taking into account the exclusion criteria, and eight children from Extremadura aged similarly as control group.
O Fracasso Escolar entre Estudantes do 6º Ano de Escolas Públicas Estaduais de Rio Grande, RS
Authors: Dos Santos Celso Ubirajara Soares , Vianna Patricia Duro , Bulhosa Fabio Andrade
Published: July 2016

A escola complementa o trabalho da família, por isto há preocupação tanto com o desempenho e a permanência dos alunos, quanto com o papel da família nesse processo. Na família, a criança começa o seu primeiro aprendizado e com ele referencia toda a educação formal. O termo “Fracasso Escolar” remete às dificuldades na leitura ou escrita, ao baixo rendimento, a múltiplas repetências, à evasão escolar ou à falta de ajuste às regras institucionais. Assim, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar as causas que levaram alunos do 6º ano de duas escolas públicas da cidade de Rio Grande, sem patologias ligadas a dificuldades de aprendizagem, a fracassarem na escola. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um instrumento de análise quantitativa. Os resultados sugerem as dificuldades dos responsáveis na orientação às dúvidas dos alunos.
Concepção de Alunos sobre as Fases da Lua e os Eclipses Lunar e Solar: Relato de Experiência
Authors: Ubinski Juliana Alves da Silva , Strieder Dulce Maria
Published: July 2016

Uma das ciências mais antigas, a Astronomia, sempre desperta um especial interesse dos alunos. Ao discutir sobre os astros e seus movimentos, realizando indagações orais aos alunos, é possível perceber que eles trazem consigo concepções sobre diversos assuntos relacionados a esta ciência. A Lua, nosso satélite natural, foi um dos destaques de um dos encontros do Grupo de Estudos de Astronomia, em um colégio estadual de Cascavel, PR. Na ocasião os alunos foram indagados sobre as fases da lua e os fenômenos dos eclipses. A participação dos alunos foi realizada oralmente e pode-se perceber a dificuldade destes em diferenciar as fases da lua e compreender a ocorrência dos eclipses solares e lunares. A diferença foi assimilada somente após a representação dos fenômenos de forma lúdica. O resultado demonstra a relevância da problematização inicial, focando nas concepções alternativas dos alunos sobre o tema, para, posteriormente, auxiliar os alunos na estruturação do conhecimento científico.
Formação Pedagógica: a Percepção dos Docentes do Curso de Ciências Contábeis em uma Instituição de Ensino Catarinense
Authors: Guimarães Milla Lúcia Ferreira , Volpato Gildo
Published: July 2016

A docência no ensino superior requer conhecimentos específicos da disciplina em que atua, bem como habilidades e atitudes direcionadas ao ensino. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os aspectos da formação pedagógica que os docentes do Curso de Ciências Contábeis de uma
Instituição Comunitária de Ensino Superior Catarinense julgam necessários no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo descritivo e uma entrevista estruturada com oito professores do curso. O estudo buscou evidenciar questões referentes ao planejamento de ensino e aos aspectos da formação pedagógica. Foi possível verificar que os professores julgam essencial dominar os conteúdos, diversificar as metodologias de ensino e trocar experiências com outros colegas professores no intuito de melhorar o ensino visando a aprendizagem de seus alunos. Outro fator evidenciado foi a busca permanente em atingir o perfil ideal de professor, disposto no Projeto Pedagógico do Curso.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chrozophora rottleri Extracts on Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema
Authors: Talluri Mallikarjuna Rao , Ganga Rao Battu , Venkateswaea Rao Y.
Published: July 2016

The present study was intended to evaluate Anti-inflammatory activity ofC. rottleriextracts (Hydroalcoholic, Methanol, Ethyl acetate and Hexane). The Anti-inflammatory activity ofC.rottleriextracts at doses of 125mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg using carrageenan induced rat paw edema model compared with standard drug (Indomethacin). The selected plant extracts significantly inhibited paw edema along with the standard drug Indomethacin. Of all extracts, methanol extract produced significant effect on reduction of increased paw thickness, hydro alcoholic and ethyl acetate extracts produced moderate percentage inhibition and hexane extract produced low level of percentage inhibition in reducing paw edema on carrageenan induced rats. In all extracts, methanol extract at a dose of 500mg/kg showed more percentage inhibition i.e . 53.47±2.19. From the results obtained during the study it is concluded thatC. rottlerihaving the bioactive molecule responsible for Anti-inflammatory activity by individually or by combination of different bio-active compounds present in it. Further is necessary for isolation and characterization of bioactive molecules which are responsible for the selected plant biological activities.
Phytochemical and Antifungal Efficacy of Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Parkia biglobosa on Fungi Associated with Seed Rot of Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaries L.) in Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Akwaji Patrick Ishoro , Okon Ekeng Ita , Umana Etim Johnson , Markson Aniedi Abasi Akpan
Published: July 2016

The phytochemical and antifungal efficacy of the ethanolic and methanolic stem bark and leaf extracts of Parkiabiglobosa on the fungal pathogens isolated from infected green bean seeds obtained from the field in Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria were investigated in vitro. The pathogens were Botryodiplodiatheobromae and Aspergillusniger. Various concentrations of the extracts ranging from 10g/100ml, 20g/100ml, 30g/100ml, 40g/100ml and 50g/100ml were separately added to PDA media. Results of the in vitro antifungal assay shows that at 40g/100ml and 50g/100ml concentrations, ethanolic stem bark and leaf extracts of P. biglobosa completely inhibited the radial growth of B. theobromae and A. niger after seven days observation period while those of methanolic extracts completely inhibited the redial growth of the fungal pathogens at 50g/100ml concentration. Results, however, shows that the extracts had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the radial growth of the fungal pathogens at all the different concentrations tested as compared with the control. Pathogen growth inhibition was most effective at 30g/100ml, 40g/100ml and 50g/100ml concentrations. The inhibitory action of the extracts increased/decreased with a corresponding increase/decrease in the concentration of the plant extracts. Ethanolic stem bark and leaf extracts of P. biglobosa was found to be more effective in inhibiting the redial growth of the fungal pathogens than those of methanolic extracts, also ethanolic and methanolic stem bark extracts were observed to be more effective in the inhibition of the radial growth of the fungal pathogens than leaf extracts. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponnins and tannins with traces of alkaloids in stem bark extracts while flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponnins, tannins and terpenoids were present in leaf extracts.
The Islet Confidential: Recent Trends and Perspectives in Pancreatic Islet Transplantation
Authors: Radha Baburajan , Muniraj Gnanaraj , Rengasamy Nandhakumar , Arumugam Deva , Paramasivam Raghu , Krishnan Prabhakaran , Rasu Ravikumar
Published: July 2016

Diabetes ranks among the top 5 killer diseases of the current world population. Transplantation of pancreatic islets is a common surgical procedure used to combat the late stage diabetic complications. A successful and long lasting islet transplant is an enigma as the complex immunoactivation mechanisms against the transplants, the subsequent graft rejection and the proper maturation and functioning of the islets in the host microenvironment, are the subjects of research for many years. This review details certain recent studies performed upon primate, porcine, murine and rabbit models, in relation to islet transplantation, with a critical standpoint.
Analysing the Hypolipidemic Activities of the Tea Extracts of Moringa oleifera, Glycyrrhiza glabra and their Blend at Different Concentrations, Orally Induced on Adult Male Wistar Rats.
Authors: Akinseye Olanrewaju Roland
Published: July 2016

Herbal teas ofMoringa oleifera(Moringa) andGlycyrrhiza glabra(Licorice)were known to have many beneficial effects, their possible hypolipidemic effects were investigated in this paper. Albino wistar rats were fed with aqueous extracts ofM. oleifera,G. glabraand their blend teas(10, 30 and 50 mg/kg.BW/ml). The teas were found to lower the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, LDL, and atherogenic index at their higher concentration, but were found to slightly increase the HDL as compared to the corresponding normal healthy rats fed with clean water (control). The phytochemicals screening of the teas aqueous extract were also investigated, the chemicals (tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides) which were known to exhibit cholesterol lowering effect by inhibiting its absorption and simultaneous increase its excretion were found to be present in the teas extract. Thus, the study demonstrates and validates thatM.oleifera,G. glabraand their blend possess hypolipidemic effect at higher concentration.
Antimicrobial Activity of Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill Fruit and Cladode Extracts
Authors: Suryawanshi Pooja , Vidyasagar G.M.
Published: July 2016

In the present study the antimicrobial activity of chloroform and methanolic extracts of Opuntiacochenillifera for both cladode and fruits was investigated. Methanolic extract was found to be an effective against the microbes namely, E. coli,Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosaCandidaalbicanC.glabrataC.haemuloniiC.Tropicalis. Maximum activity was observed against E. coli, B. Subtilisand,C.albican and C.glabrata at 40mg/ml. Agar well diffusion assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of all test microorganisms.
Chemical Composition and Bioavailability of Zinc and Iron in Kunu-Zaki, a Nigerian Traditional Beverage
Authors: Igwe Chidi U. , Ibegbulem Chiedozie O. , Nwaogu Linus A. , Ujowundu Cosmas O. , Ene A. Chinedu
Published: July 2016

The effect of processing (germination and fermentation) on the chemical composition (proximate, mineral and phytochemical contents) of a Nigerian traditional beverage, kunu-zaki made from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains with the addition of sweet potato (Ipomoneabatatas) paste were studied. The bioavailability of Zn and Fe in the beverage were also assessed using phytate, Zn, Ca and Fe molar ratios. Processing of sorghum into kunu-zaki significantly (p<0.05) increased its ash (26.32 %), Na (21.28 %), Ca (20.59 %), Fe (21.62 %), Zn (13.43 %), flavonoids (11.11 %) and alkaloids (30.00 %) contents, but decreased its protein (-43.75 %), fiber (-28.57 %), phenols (-43.80 %), saponin (-62.6 7%), tannin (-43.80 %), oxalate (-33.33 %) and phytate (-60.27 %) contents. Addition of sweet potato paste to kunu-zaki apparently aided in enhancing its chemical composition. The combination of germination and fermentation as processing techniques were better than germination alone in significantly (p<0.05) improving the bioavailability of Fe and Zn, and reducing the anti-nutrient content of kunu-zaki, in comparison with both raw and germinated sorghum grains. In conclusion, the kunu-zaki had low contents of protein and fiber, adequate arrays of other functional nutrients and potentially high bioavailability of Fe and Zn.
O apagamento de /d/ no morfema de gerúndio nas capitais brasileiras a partir dos dados do Atlas Linguístico do Brasil
Authors: Araújo Aluiza Alves de , Aragão Maria do Socorro Silva de
Published: July 2016

RESUMO:

Na perspectiva da Sociolinguística Variacionista, este estudo aborda o apagamento de /d/ no morfema de gerúndio, a partir dos dados do Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB), com o objetivo de verificar a atuação de fatores sociais (sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade e localidade) sobre a regra. A amostra é constituída por 96 informantes, oriundos das capitais brasileiras das Regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Sul. Das três Regiões analisadas, o Centro-Oeste é a que mais usa o apagamento. A pouca escolaridade e o sexo/gênero masculino favorecem a regra no Centro-Oeste e no Norte. Para o Sul, não houve seleção de variáveis.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:

Gerúndio. Apagamento. Sociolinguística Variacionista. ALiB.
ANTUNES, Irandé. Análise de textos: fundamentos e práticas. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2010.
Authors: Barbosa Mirella Silva
Published: July 2016

Resenha da obra de Irandé Antunes
Catch crop (oil radish) functions in long term cereal crop rotation
Authors: Kismányoky Tamás , Tóth Brigitta
Published: July 2016

The aim of our research work was to study the role of the oil radish catch crop (Raphanus sativus var oleiformis Pers) as second crop or stubble crop for green manuring in winter wheat-winter barley-maize crop rotation. The oil radish was grown after the harvest of winter barley in the crop sequence. The green biomass (t ha-1), nitrogen (N) content in dry material (g kg-1) of catch crop and the N (kg ha-1) taken up by the catch crop were investigated for six years (1997-2002). The main goal was to measure the amount of remained N in the soil left by the main crop (WB) and the amount of N taken up by the oil radish catch crop. The maximum N uptake was about 120 kg ha-1 calculated on the average of the years but in the rainy 1998 the N removal reached the 200 kg ha-1 N. On the basis of the N balance calculation it is proved that incorporation of the catch crop in the crop sequence, the risk of N leaching diminishes, or can be minimal even if the level of N input is high, because the N removal of green biomass retains N in the soil and this way N turnover of the crop rotation remains balanced.
The impact of N and P supply on the performance of yield components of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Surányi Szilvia , Izsáki Zoltán
Published: July 2016

Winter barley is one of the most important fodder plants due to its nutritional value, but the sown area size is rather small among the cereal crops. Barley production has a profound impact on the success of animal husbandry in Hungary. Relevant foreign and Hungarian publications on fertilisation and investigating contexts between yield components of winter barley can only be found in few recent periodicals. The aim of this investigation was to gain data about the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus supplies on the plant height, length of ear and grain yield per ear as well as the yield of winter barley. The long-term fertilisation experiment was set up in 1989 on a chernozem meadow soil, calcareous in the deeper layers, with four levels of N, P and K supplies respectively. The present paper discusses the N and P fertilisation results obtained in the 2011 year of the experiment. We measured the highest values - height (78.88 cm), length of ear (7.25 cm) and grain yield per ear (18.9 pieces per ear) - in the case of AL-P2O5 level of 194 mg kg-1and N 240 kg N ha -1supplies. Maximum grain yields were recorded at AL-P2O5 level of 194 mg kg -1 as well, but in the case of N, the 160 kg N ha -1 supply was proved to be adequate.
Effect of short-term aflatoxin exposure in combination with medicinal herb mixture on lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox system in laying hens
Authors: Nakade Mangesh , Balogh Krisztián , Zándoki Erika , Cserháti Mátyás , Mézes Miklós , Erdélyi Márta
Published: July 2016

Aflatoxins are well known hepatotoxic mycotoxins, which mainly contaminate the cereal grains. Those induce lipid peroxidation and impair the antioxidant, including glutathione redox system in long-term studies. The purpose of present study was to investigate the short-term (36-hour) effect of feeding aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated diet alone or in combination with a medicinal herb mixture on lipid peroxidation (conjugated dienes and trienes, and malondialdehyde), and on parameters of the glutathione system (reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase) in blood plasma, red blood cell haemolysate, liver and kidney homogenate of 49-week old Bovans Goldline laying hens. The results revealed that AFB1 (125 m /kg feed) did not have effect on feed intake, body and liver weight, but increased malondialdehyde content was observed in blood plasma and red blood cell haemolysate as effect of feeding AFB1 and medicinal herb mixture at 36th hour of the trial. However, the same diet resulted in lower malondialdehyde content in liver, but not in kidney. Reduced glutathione concentrations showed variance among treatments; thus due to inclusion of medicinal herb mixture in the diet lower values were measured in red blood cell haemolysate. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in all treated groups as compared to the control at 36th hour of the trial in blood plasma, but not in other tissues. The results are contradictory with previous findings, probably due to the short-term exposure, and/or to medicinal herb mixture supplementation as it could moderately modify the effect of AFB1.
Análise dos atendimentos odontológicos em pessoas com necessidades especiais em modalidade hospitalar no Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, 2012.
Authors: Lucena Carolina Dantas Rocha Xavier , Lucena Edson Hilan Gomes Lucena , Sousa Maria Fátima de Sousa , Mendonça Ana Valéria Machado
Published: July 2016

As pessoas com necessidades especiais apresentam maior risco para o surgimento de doenças bucais devido a situações biológicas, o uso sistemático de medicamentos, dificuldade na realização do controle de placa bacteriana e hábitos alimentares precários. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar de forma descritiva os atendimentos odontológicos para pessoas com necessidades especiais na modalidade hospitalar no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saude (SUS). Foram estudados os procedimentos odontológicos realizados em ambiente hospitalar, a partir das internações geradas com finalidade de realizar tratamento odontológico em pacientes com necessidades especiais, informados no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do SUS (SIH/ SUS) no ano 2012. Foram registradas 6.691 Autorizações de Internação Hospitalar (AIH) onde realizou-se 24.669 procedimentos dos quais 57,8% foram procedimentos clínicos. Dos procedimentos odontológicos realizados, 13,29% corresponderam a exodontias de dentes permanentes. Dessa forma, a atenção odontológica prestada aos usuários mostrouse positiva uma vez que a maioria dos procedimentos realizados foram clínicos preventivos e restauradores. Percebe-se ainda a necessidade de ampliação de acesso ao tratamento odontológico em pacientes com necessidades especiais no âmbito hospitalar e melhor distribuição já que a apresentação de mais da metade das AIH concentrou-se em três Estados.
Eating as Doing or Doing the Right Thing? The Influence of Locomotion and Assessment on Food Consumption Quantity
Authors: Dahlmans Tessa , Mathmann Frank
Published: July 2016

As overweight is becoming a serious worldwide health issue, a great amount of commercial books, programs and blogs are offering help in establishing healthy eating patterns. A factor that has commonly been blamed for overweight is the growth of portion sizes. This phenomenon of supersizing portions has created a distortion of portion sizes throughout the food industry and has been suggested to lead to overeating. The present study investigates the influence of locomotion and assessment orientations on food consumption quantities in conditions of distorted portion sizes. A survey was conducted in which participants (N = 75) watched a short movie whilst being presented with a distorted food portion. The results of this study show that when controlling for an individual’s level of hunger and movie engagement, locomotion decreases food consumption quantities. To conclude, it is suggested that when food portions are distorted locomotion assists in limiting an individual’s food intake.
HRM in Relation To Employee Motivation and Job Performance in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: J. du Plessis Andries , Douangphichit Nalinh , Dodd Patrick
Published: July 2016

The hospitality industry refers to organisations that provide accommodation and food services for people when they travel. The hospitality industry is also known as a “people business”. The hotels and catering organisations underperform, still deliver inadequate services, and provide limited facilities compared to similar businesses in the same region. This can have a negative impact on the tourism industry in Laos. HRM potentially contributes to employee work performance in the organisation. The performance of employees in hotel organisations can be judged or measured by their attentiveness, their friendliness, their appearances, their attitudes, and the way they carry out and perform their assigned tasks. Most of the respondents feel that their organisations create the conditions whereby they are motivated to work harder. The hotel industry recognises the importance of training in relation to their work performed. The main factor that brings about high level of job satisfaction and motivation is salary.
The Classifications and Some Correlations for Fermi Blazars
Authors: Fan Junhui , Liu Y , Yang J.H. , Lin C , Hao J.M.
Published: July 2016

In a recent paper, we calculate spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 1425 Fermi blazars, classifications of low synchrotron peak sources (LSPs) if log $\nu_{\rm p} (\rm Hz) \leq $ 14.0, intermediate synchrotron peak sources (ISPs) if $14.0 < \,\log\, \nu_{\rm p} (\rm Hz) \leq 15.3 $, and high synchrotron peak sources (HSPs) if $ \log\, \nu_{\rm p} (\rm Hz) > 15.3$ are made based on 999 logarithms of synchrotron peak frequencies with known redshift, and we obtain an empirical relation to estimate the synchrotron peak frequency, $\nu_{\rm p}^{\rm Eq.}$ from effective spectral indexes $\alpha_{ox}\, {\rm and}\, \alpha_{ro}$ as $\log \nu_{\rm p}^{\rm Eq.} = 16+4.238X $ if $X < 0$, and $\log \nu_{\rm p}^{\rm Eq.} = 16+4.005Y $ if $X > 0$, where $X = 1.0 - 1.262 \alpha_{ro} - 0.623 \alpha_{ox}$, and $Y = 1.0 + 0.034 \alpha_{ro} - 0.978 \alpha_{ox}$ \cite{Fan16}. In the present work, we investigate the correlation between the peak frequency and the radio to X-ray spectral index, that between peak luminosity (integrated luminosity) and $\gamma$-ray/optical luminosity, and that between peak luminosity and integrated luminosity. Some discussions are presented.
Exploring The Magnetic Field Configuration Close To The Central Engines Using GMVA
Authors: Rani Bindu , Krichbaum Thomas , Hodgson J. , Koyama Shoko , Zensus Anton J. , Marscher Alan , Jorstad Svetlana , Fuhramnn Lars
Published: July 2016

The high radio frequency polarization imaging of non-thermal emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a direct way to probe the magnetic field strength and structure in the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and is crucial in testing the jet-launching scenario. To explore the the magnetic field configuration at the base of jets in blazars, we took advantage of the full polarization capabilities of the GMVA (Global Millimeter VLBI Array). With an angular resolution of ~50 micro-arcseconds at 86 GHz, one could reach scales down to ~900 Schwarzschild radii (for a 10^9 solar mass black hole). We present here the preliminary results of our study on the blazar BL Lac. Our results imply that on sub-mas scales the core and central jet of BL Lac is significantly polarized with two distinct regions of polarized intensity. We also noted a great morphological similarity between the 7mm/3mm VLBI images at very similar angular resolution.
A panchromatic view of relativistic jets in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Authors: D'Ammando Filippo , Orienti Monica , Finke Justin , Larsson Josefin , Giroletti Marcello , Raiteri Claudia M.
Published: July 2016

The discovery by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi of variable gamma-ray emission from radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies revealed the presence of a possible third class of AGN with relativistic jets in addition to blazars and radio galaxies. Considering that NLSy1 are usually hosted in spiral galaxies, this finding poses intriguing questions about the nature of these objects and the formation of relativistic jets. We report on a systematic investigation of the gamma-ray properties of a sample of radio-loud NLSy1, including the detection of new objects, using 7 years of Fermi-LAT data with the new Pass 8 event-level analysis. In addition we discuss the radio-to-very-high-energy properties of the gamma-ray emitting NLSy1, their host galaxy, and black hole mass in the context of the blazar scenario and the unification of relativistic jets at different scales.
A General Method for the Selection of an Optimum Choke-Management Strategy
Authors: Karantinos Emmanouil , Sharma Mukul M. , Ayoub Joseph A. , Parlar Mehmet , Chanpura Rajesh A.
Published: July 2016

Different choke-management strategies have been adopted by operators in the field; however, no general method exists for systematically selecting an optimum choke-management strategy. In this study, we propose a general method for the selection of bean-up duration and bean-up strategy (choke management) that will maximize well productivity by minimizing formation damage, reducing sand production, and reducing the impact of multiphase-flow effects.

Strategies of stepwise bottomhole-pressure (BHP) adjustments are compared by use of the principle of superposition and the analytical solution of the transient radial-diffusion equation for vertical wells operating under different choke settings. The optimum choke-management strategy is based on the anticipated formation-damage mechanisms. For example, if fines migration and sand production are a concern, then minimizing the wellbore pressure gradients is the primary criterion for the selection of the optimum choke-management strategy.

Using the analytical solution and simulation results, we conclude that for relatively short bean-up durations (i.e., infinite-acting behavior), the pressure-gradient reduction at the wellbore varies logarithmically with increasing bean-up duration. Choke-management strategies appear to have similar performance as far as no more than 70% of the drawdown is applied during the initial 20% of the overall bean-up duration. For longer durations (i.e., when the presence of the no-flow boundary is felt), the optimum strategy depends on both reservoir properties and radial extent. For the case of square drainage area, a plot suggesting the optimum strategy with respect to dimensionless duration is presented. Positive skin and multiphase flow near the wellbore negatively affect the performance of bean-up strategies. For vertical wells producing from multiple layers, bean-up strategies should be selected with respect to the effective horizontal permeability, ultimately yielding the greatest pressure-gradient reduction in the low-permeability zones.

The proposed method enables engineers to select the optimum choke-management strategy with respect to bean-up duration and formation properties. The duration of the bean-up process is drawdown dependent, thus further research is encouraged in determining the maximum allowable pressure gradient to curtail sand production.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of business incubation programs: a user satisfaction approach
Authors: Lose Thobekani , K. Tengeh Robertson
Published: July 2016

Business incubators were designed to sustain the deep-rooted image of entrepreneurs being self-reliant and by offering a broad spectrum of tailored services; it seeks to raise the success rate of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) significantly. BIs have the characteristics to be completely dedicated to the success of a small business in its initial stages but, followed through, it puts in place the tools to achieve long-term success: space, funding, legal, accounting, computer services and other prerequisites to running a business, make BIs a one-stop shop for SMEs. This study has been conducted to establish if there has been a fairytale ending to the symbiotic relationship or whether the business incubator, like the SME, has had to traverse its own set of challenges towards achieving a happy union. The paper adopted a quantitative research approach in which the questionnaire was utilized as the relevant data collection tool. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data, with descriptive statistics at the end. As much as limited funding was reported to be a significant challenge that incubatees faced prior to joining the incubation programs, the results point to the fact that the need for multiple skills was the central force that seduced/lured the incubatees into the programs, but the majority of the participating respondents declare a complete lack of regret. Instead, they fully endorse the merits of the union, stating that BIs exists to effectively meet the objectives of SMEs