bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arte urbano en la interculturalidad: una experiencia artística y pedagógica en una comunidad Kichwa de Ecuador
Authors: Quezada Vera Cristian Angel
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo explora y analiza una experiencia artística en una comunidad kichwa hablante perteneciente a la nacionalidad Saraguro, al sur de Ecuador; en el cual participé a través de un taller artístico de arte urbano, estructurado en tres fases: socialización, dibujo y pintura mural. Dicho taller se realizó con alumnos de la escuela “Tupak Yupanqui”, en la comunidad de Oñacápac; con quienes explore nociones sobre la filosofía y lengua kichwa; y permitieron hacer una valoración artística y pedagógica de las perspectivas culturales; por medio de estéticas del arte urbano aplicadas en el montaje de un mural artístico escolar. También se hace una exploración del concepto intercultural, a partir de su transitar histórico en el contexto indígena ecuatoriano, su influencia en el campo educativo, y su encuentro con el tema del arte urbano en la configuración de estrategias de preservación y fortalecimiento de prácticas y saberes culturales del pueblo Saraguro.
Desigualdades sociais, a crise da democracia e o audiovisual
Authors: Hamburger Esther
Published: July 2022

Esse artigo revisita repertórios audiovisuais que abordaram desigualdades sociais brasileiras nas últimas décadas com o intuito de discutir a coincidência entre processos de inclusão social e a diversificação dos mecanismos de produção e circulação de imagens em movimento que ocorre com a transformação digital, um processo global. No Brasil, a diversificação de meios estimula a articulação e a diversificação de vozes anteriormente inaudíveis, e invisíveis no espaço público. Rastreio objetos audiovisuais que estenderam a amplitude da democracia brasileira ao introduzir questões éticas e estéticas sobre como filmar a desigualdade e a discriminação de classe, cor e gênero sem contribuir para reforçar a discriminação. Esse debate mobiliza a crítica, mas se dá na forma fílmica, articula memórias pessoais, coletivas, e/ou ancestrais, produz arquivos, onde eles inexistem ou são inacessíveis e envolve a imaginação de futuros inclusivos. Em um panorama de interlocuções fílmicas, me concentro em Branco sai, preto fica (2014) e A cidade é uma só? (2011), ambos de Adirley Queirós. O resgate dessas contribuições audiovisuais é uma forma de contribuir para a construção de alternativas a discursos de ódio que ocupam circuitos privativos nas redes sociais e desses bunkers virtuais ameaçam as possibilidades de “viver junto”, como diria Barthes.
Picadinho de Libelu à la carte, sem pimenta, pouco sal
Authors: Machado Rubens
Published: July 2022

O filme Libelu-Abaixo a Ditadura!, vencedor na edição 2020 do festival Tudo é verdade, em São Paulo, Brasil, o principal evento no país entre os festivais de documentário, e mundialmente reconhecido, hoje integrante das indicações do Oscar, é aqui analisado criticamente num ensaio que procura explicar seu ponto de vista em relação à experiência concreta dos estudantes que participaram daquele momento político na universidade brasileira na segunda metade dos anos 1970. A tendência estudantil Liberdade e Luta, de orientação trotskista, conhecida como Libelu, desempenhou papel destacado na reabertura política, entre outros motivos por levar ao espaço público as primeiras manifestações políticas no país desde 1968 e a palavra de ordem Abaixo a Ditadura! O ensaio se interessa por temas subjacentes e evocados pelo documentário em torno do combate à Ditadura (1964-1985), incluindo os debates entre as esquerdas, a contracultura e as questões da vanguarda nas artes e na cultura.
“Ya no son los 90” Conversaciones de Mafo López Jaramillo con “Caster”
Authors: López Jaramillo María Fernanda
Published: July 2022

Les ofrecemos una entrevista a Carlos Contreras aka “Caster”, quien nos habló de sus inicios, de la importancia de su encuentro con el maestro Hernán Zúñiga; de los encuentros en Sauces 2, en la ciudad de Guayaquil, de la vida en el barrio, y de cómo surgió todo. Nos habló de la influencia musical y de la necesidad de separar a las pandillas del origen del graffiti en las calles guayaquileñas. Conversamos también sobre su vida en el país del norte, y como se ha mantenido en la cultura hip hop desde los 80. Él nos respondió desde su actual lugar de residencia, los Estados Unidos. Es el relato en perspectiva de una voz migrante, que da cuenta de las primeras voces de la cultura urbana y del graffiti. La conversación tuvo lugar a través de WhatsApp.
“Grifo en media calle”, por Hernán Zúñiga Albán
Authors: Zúñiga Albán Hernán
Published: July 2022

Para finales de la década de 1980, las paredes de Guayaquil estaban invadidas de “garabatos”, con predominio del dibujo “de penes”, lo que resultaba una evidencia visual grosera y vandálica con tales elementos fálicos. Este fenómeno de intervención preocupó al Municipio de Guayaquil en la persona de León Febres Cordero, quien solicitó el auxilio y asesoramiento de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana “Benjamín Carrión” Núcleo del Guayas, y sus directivos, haciéndose eco de esta inquietud del cabildo. Resolvieron asumir la responsabilidad con la intermediación de los artistas gráficos miembros del Taller de Artes Gráficas “Galo Galecio”, que había sido creado por iniciativa del presidente de la institución, el reconocido escritor Miguel Donoso Pareja.
Urbano, calle, cucaracha: relaciones y coincidencias de la calle, un texto de dos generaciones
Authors: Serrano Macías Joaquín H. , Cabrera Amaiquema Jefferson E.
Published: July 2022

Hablar desde la experiencia de la calle guarda un grado de complejidad debido a la escasez de espacios y momentos en los que se pueda dialogar intergeneracionalmente. Debido a esto, este recuento recorre la visión de una práctica artística con un sentido de recorrido cercano a los giros planetarios, lleno de experiencias desde la práctica y el sentido de lucha por el apropiamiento de los espacios; mientras que, desde la otra perspectiva —la moderna—, comienza una etapa en la que la indagación posterior a la formación académica en artes es el resultado de los discursos, poéticas e imaginarios de aquellos que empezamos haciendo arte ahí, en la calle, en los barrios, en las plazas y plazoletas; en los parques llenos de juegos oxidados pero llenos de sonrisas y miradas extrañas.
Con respecto al hermoso mural de Okuda en Quito
Authors: Auz Luis Fernando
Published: July 2022

No me sorprendería que ese mural amanezca bombardeado o taggeado el día de mañana… Lamentablemente, para este tipo de intervenciones en el espacio público, la Institución a

cargo se olvida de algo fundamental: de la socialización del proyecto, para que de alguna manera la misma comunidad del sector se apropie del mismo, se encariñe, se sienta identificado y lo cuide.
Nuclear Power as an Option in Electrical Generation Planning for Small Economy and Electricity Grid
Authors: Tomšić Željko
Published: July 2022

Implementing a NPP in countries with relatively small total GDP (small economy) and usually with small electricity grid face two major problems and constrains: the ability to obtain the considerable financial resources required on reasonable terms and to connect large NPP to small electricity grid. Nuclear generation financing in developing countries involves complex issues that need to be fully understood and dealt with by all the parties involved. Besides conventional approaches for financing power generation projects in developing countries, recently some alternative approaches for mobilizing financial resources are developed. The safe and economic operation of a nuclear power plant (NPP) requires the plant to be connected to an electrical grid system that has adequate capacity for exporting the power from the NPP, and for providing a reliable electrical supply to the NPP for safe start-up, operation and normal or emergency shut-down of the plant. Connection of any large new power plant to the electrical grid system in a country may require significant modification and strengthening of the grid system, but for NPPs there may be added requirements to the structure of the grid system and the way it is controlled and maintained to ensure adequate reliability. Paper shows the comparative assesment of NPP adn differrent base load technologies as an option in electrical generation planning for small economy and electricity grid.
Aging of Power Cables in Nuclear Power Plant due to Influence of Local Temperature Conditions
Authors: Jakić Irena , Debrecin Nenad
Published: July 2022

A significant number of operating nuclear power plants (NPP) is approaching the end of the initially estimated design life. Considering that plants are stable and competitive, it may be possible to extend design lives to 60 years (perhaps even longer). Before expending life time, ageing in NPPs must be effectively managed to ensure the availability of design functions throughout the plant service life. From the safety perspective, this means controlling ageing degradation and wear-out within acceptable safety limits so that adequate safety margins remain, i.e. integrity and functional capability in excess of normal operating requirements. Even though cables are not active component, they are vital components in NPPs since they link the system components with instruments and control equipment used to monitor and control the plant. Consequently, the functionality of the cable necessary for nuclear safety is necessity for ensuring the functionality of equipment relevant to nuclear safety. Since the cable ageing have been recognized as potential threat to safe operation of NPP, this paper deals with cable ageing aimed at identifying effects of aging and to determine whether the degradation caused by aging is within the stipulated tolerance limits. Also, it analyses the impact of ambient temperature changes on the cable ageing comparing to a qualified life. For an illustration, Arrhenius’s model was used to calculate cable ageing in hot spot with the increased local temperature.
Analysis of Rod Withdrawal at Power (RWAP) Accident using ATHLET Mod 2.2 Cycle A and RELAP5/mod 3.3 Codes
Authors: Benčik Vesna , Čavlina Nikola , Grgić Davor
Published: July 2022

The system code ATHLET (Analysis of THermal-hydraulics of Leaks and Transients) is being developed by the Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH in Garching, Germany. In the paper, an overview of activities performed at Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (FER), University of Zagreb, in application of system code ATHLET in transient analyses for NPP Krško (NEK) is presented. Newly, the NEK input deck for the released ATHLET version (Mod 2.2 Cycle A) has been developed. For that purpose, the NEK data base that has been developed and maintained at FER for the last two decades primarily for development of standard input deck for RELAP5 code was used. The ATHLET model has been validated by analyzing the Rod Withdrawal At Power (RWAP) accident at nominal power. The results for steady state calculation as well as RWAP transient were assessed against the analysis performed by RELAP5/mod 3.3 code. In both ATHLET and RELAP5 calculation, the RWAP accident was simulated by constant reactivity insertion rate equal to 2.4 pcm/sec. For ATHLET analysis, two fluid dynamic options were tested for the primary side: a) base case analysis with 5 conservation equations and mixture level model and b) two-fluid model with separate conservation equations for liquid and vapour phases for all the volumes except for the pressurizer where 5 equations+mixture level model was retained. The Steam Generators (SGs) were built using basic ATHLET elements together with the dedicated separator model. For RELAP5/mod 3.3 analysis, a standard option with thermal and mechanical non-equilibrium (6 equations) was used. The results of the steady state calculation for the ATHLET model have shown a very good agreement with RELAP5 calculation. In the transient analysis very small differences for the main physical parameters between ATHLET and RELAP5 as well as between the two ATHLET models were obtained.
Identification of Limiting Case Between DBA and SBDBA (CL Break Area Sensitivity): A New Model for the Boron Injection System
Authors: R. Gonzalez  , A. Petruzzi  , F. D’Auria  , O. Mazzantini
Published: July 2022

Atucha-2 is a Siemens-designed PHWR reactor under construction in the Republic of Argentina. Its geometrical complexity and (e.g., oblique Control Rods, Positive Void coefficient) required a developed and validated complex three dimensional (3D) neutron kinetics (NK) coupled thermal hydraulic (TH) model. Reactor shut-down is obtained by oblique CRs and, during accidental conditions, by an emergency shut-down system (JDJ) injecting a highly concentrated boron solution (boron clouds) in the moderator tank, the boron clouds reconstruction is obtained using a CFD (CFX) code calculation. A complete LBLOCA calculation implies the application of the RELAP5-3D© system code. Within the framework of the third Agreement “NA-SA – University of Pisa” a new RELAP5-3D control system for the boron injection system was developed and implemented in the validated coupled RELAP5-3D/NESTLE model of the Atucha 2 NPP. The aim of this activity is to find out the limiting case (maximum break area size) for the Peak Cladding Temperature for LOCAs under fixed boundary conditions.
Validation of EOPs/FRGs Procedures Using LOHS Scenario
Authors: Konjarek Damir , Vuković Josip , Bajs Tomislav
Published: July 2022

Validation of EOPs (Emergency Operating Procedures) and FRGs (Function Restoration Guidelines) can be achieved either through plant full scope simulator or on desk top exercises. The desk top exercise is conducted when for the given scenario plant full scope simulator is not suitable. In either verification cases predefined scenario should be evaluated and possible branching foreseen. The scenario presented is LOHS, with bleed and feed procedure initiated. Best estimate light water reactor transient analysis code RELAP5/mod3.3 was used in calculation. Standardized detailed plant model was used. Operator actions were modelled from beginning of the scenario to its termination.
Criticality Safety Analysis of Spent Fuel Storage Pool for NPP Mochovce using MCNP5 Code
Authors: Haščík Ján , Farkas Gabriel , Lüley Jakub , Vrban Branislav , Hinca Róbert , Petriska Martin , Slugeň Vladimír , Lipka Jozef , Urban Peter
Published: July 2022

The paper presents results of nuclear criticality safety analysis of spent fuel storage and handling for the 1st and 2nd unit of NPP Mochovce. Spent fuel storage pool (compact and reserve grid) and T-12 transport cask were modeled using the Monte Carlo code MCNP5. Conservative approach was applied and calculation of max eff k values was performed for normal and various postulated emergency conditions in order to evaluate the final maximal max eff k values. The requirement of current safety regulations to ensure 5% subcriticality was met except some especially conservative cases.
Monte Carlo Codes for Neutron Buildup Factors
Authors: Trontl Krešimir , Pevec Dubravko , Matijević Mario
Published: July 2022

The point-kernel method is a widely used practical tool for gamma-ray shielding calculations. However, application of that method for neutron transport simulations is very limited. The accuracy of the method strongly depends on the accuracy of buildup factors used in the calculations. Buildup factors are usually obtained using appropriate computer codes, either based on discrete ordinates transport method or Monte Carlo approach. Since these codes put strong demands on computer resources, they are applied on a limited number of shielding configurations and an attempt is made to use these results and formulate an empirical expression for buildup factors estimation. Due to high physical complexity of neutron transport through shielding material it is very hard to perform parameterisation in order to establish adequate empirical formula. Existing formulas are very limited and are usually applicable to a narrow neutron energy range for few commonly used shielding materials, mostly in monolayer configuration. Recently, a new approach has been proposed for determination of gamma ray buildup factors for mono-layer, as well as multi-layer shielding configurations covering a wide gamma ray energy range. The new regression model is based on support vector machines learning technique, which has theoretical background in statistical learning theory. Development of named regression model required a large number of experimental data obtained by Monte Carlo computer code. More than 7000 Monte Carlo runs were required. Due to physical complexity neutron transport is likely to require even more experimental data in order to generate a model of reasonable accuracy. Therefore, the choice of appropriate Monte Carlo code is a very important question. One has to take into account the accuracy as well as the time required for input preparation and running the code. What also has to be considered is the possibility of the code to be incorporated in an algorithm for automated generation of experimental data. In this paper three Monte Carlo codes are analysed, namely SCALE4.4 code package (SAS3 sequence), SCALE6.0 code package (MAVRIC sequence), and MCNP5. Two simple experimental setups based on a point isotropic source in spherical and slab-like shield are modelled, and the codes are examined on previously mentioned issues. The comparison results show that each one of the examined codes has potential to be used for neutron buildup factor model generation. However, some aspects of their utilization require further analysis prior to final selection.
24-Month Operating Cycle Containing Gadolinium Integral Burnable Absorbers for NPP Krško
Authors: Trontl Krešimir , Pevec Dubravko , Belavić Tomislav
Published: July 2022

A few years ago Westinghouse innovations in PWR technology resulted in a proposal for a new type of integral fuel burnable absorbers containing Gadolinium. Preliminary designs of loading patterns for NPP Krško were made for 18 month fuel cycles with standard VANTAGE+ fuel type containing Integral Fuel Burnable Absorbers (IFBA) with enriched Boron, as well as newly proposed Gadolinium based absorbers. In this paper we investigate the possibility to design 24 month cycle for the NPP Krško with VANTAGE+ fuel type and Gadolinium based integral absorbers. The key fuel cycle parameters are compared to the one based on IFBAs. The analysis is performed by the latest version of FUMACS code package capable of simulating Gadolinium based integral fuel burnable absorbers.
Prévention au premier trimestre de la grossesse : perspective des professionnels
Authors: Cot Sophie , Durand Delphine , Daniel Sandrine , Paris Stéphanie , Millot Isabelle , Binquet Christine
Published: July 2022

Introduction : L’environnement et les conditions de vie des parents durant la période des « 1 000 premiers jours » influencent les trajectoires de santé des enfants à court et long terme. Les professionnels de santé réalisant le suivi de grossesse ont une place importante pour conseiller les futurs parents dans l’adoption de comportements favorables à la santé. Il apparaissait nécessaire de décrire les messages de prévention transmis précocement par les professionnels de santé pendant la grossesse. But de l’étude : Identifier les messages de prévention délivrés systématiquement au premier trimestre de grossesse et déterminer la priorisation accordée par les professionnels (sages-femmes, obstétriciens, généralistes) de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Résultats : Les messages de prévention sur le risque infectieux étaient abordés par 96,5 % des répondants, et ceux sur les conduites à risque et addictions par 93,7 %. L’équilibre alimentaire et activités sportives (78,5 %), et les risques de la vie quotidienne (47,1 %) étaient moins évoqués. Les messages que les professionnels de santé déclaraient transmettre aux femmes enceintes de manière systématique sont globalement ceux qu’ils jugeaient prioritaires. Cette priorité variait en fonction de la profession. Concernant les supports d’information, la majorité des répondants n’en utilisaient aucun. Ils s’accordaient sur l’importance d’un support d’information papier, et près de deux tiers souhaitaient pouvoir s’appuyer sur un support numérique (62,6 %). Conclusion : La co-construction d’un support d’information répondant à la fois aux besoins des femmes enceintes et à ceux des professionnels de santé, et validé par les instances de santé, participerait à une meilleure promotion des comportements favorables à la santé par les femmes enceintes, en favorisant l’empowerment dès de début de la grossesse.
Implementation of design based learning for the development of SDGs educational games
Authors: Maharjan Namita , Kuroda Kyohei , Silwal Gunjan , Toyama Shigehiro , Ominato Yoshihiro , Tsuchida Yasuko , Araki Nobuo , Yamaguchi Takashi , Ichitsubo Makoto
Published: July 2022

Education on sustainable education (ESD) is gaining momentum to ensure that SDGs are met by 2030. The educational institutions have significant role in fostering ESD. However, there is lack of educational resources to be used for ESD. Particularly, teaching the concept of SDGs needs an attention grabbing and engaging approach and Design Based Learning (DBL) holds much potential. The main objective of this investigation was to describe the development of SDGs education resources i.e., SDGs educational games using DBL approach. Besides, the generic skills of the students during DBL were assessed during game development phase. The outputs of DBL were Bingo Mat game, Carrom board game and Sugoroku game. These games were validated for their effectiveness as resource for teaching and learning SDGs. The results revealed the positive impact on the generic skills of students through DBL during game development phase. Moreover, the response results of the players highlighted that carrom board game offered them the gaming experience while Bingo and Sugoroku offered them learning experience. Another important finding of this study is the need to teach SDGs from the younger age as the level of education had significantly impacted on their knowledge about SDGs. The results of this study will contribute to the domain of ESD by articulating an alternative pedagogy of integrating DBL with SDGs as invigorating educational resources and faculty development method.
Planar systems and Abel equations
Authors: Álvarez Amelia , Bravo José Luis , Sánchez Fernando
Published: July 2022

The aim of this paper is to determine when polynomial planar systems can be reduced to Abel equations. The study is based on earlier works by Christopher, Devlin, Lloyd, and Pearson. The novelty of the approach is that the properties of the functions involved in the change of variables are determined. In particular, a constructive method of obtaining planar systems that can be reduced to Abel equations is provided. With the results obtained, it is possible to obtain new families of planar systems that can be reduced to Abel equations.
Large deviations for stochastic $ 2D $ Navier-Stokes equations on time-dependent domains
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhai Jianliang , Zhang Tusheng
Published: July 2022

A Freidlin-Wentzell-type large deviation principle is established for \begin{document}$ 2D $\end{document} stochastic Navier-Stokes equations on time-dependent domains driven by Brownian motion, which captures situations where the regions of the fluid change with time.
The dimensional estimates of exponential growth solutions to uniformly elliptic equations of non-divergence form
Authors: Wang Lidan , Wang Lihe , Zhou Chunqin
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we demonstrate that, for general second order uniformly elliptic equations of non-divergence form in unbounded cylinders with zero boundary condition, the space of solutions with a given exponential growth is of finite dimension. In particular, we generalize a result of Hang and Lin (1999) [4] in the non-divergence's setting by using a different approach. This allows us to consider the general lower order terms. Furthermore, a sharp estimate of the dimension is established by using the mean value inequality.
A generalization of identities in groupoids by functions
Authors: Kim Hee Sik , Neggers J. , Ahn Sun Shin
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we introduce the notions of a left and a right idenfunction in a groupoid by using suitable functions, and we apply this concept to several algebraic structures. Especially, we discuss its role in linear groupoids over a field. We show that, given an invertible function $ \varphi $, there exists a groupoid such that $ \varphi $ is a right idenfunction. The notion of a right pseudo semigroup will be discussed in linear groupoids. The notion of an inversal is a generalization of an inverse element, and it will be discussed with idenfunctions in linear groupoids over a field.
Quality Function Deployment in the Agribusiness Supply Chain in the Food Sector
Authors: Gotardi Juliani Elis Duarte , Satolo Eduardo Guilherme , Mac-Lean Priscilla Ayleen Bustos
Published: July 2022

The chapter aimed to understand the phases of quality function deployment (QFD) in agribusiness supply chain in the food sector. A literature review (LR) was analyzed a time frame of the latest 10-year publications of 30 scientific articles. Thus, results pointed out articles related to QFD applications in the food supply chain in which a scenario composed mostly of occasional publications is found. Such applications vary in product improvement or supply chain improvement, quality analysis of existing products, development of new products that satisfy consumers' desires, and quality planning; however, the application of other theories and tools related to QFD is recurrent, and there are few articles about the implementation of all QFD phases. It also found a greater predominance of performing the steps to build the HoQ (house of quality) corresponding to the “what?” of the voice of the customer matrix, the “how?” of the voice of the expert matrix, the “what and how?” of relationship and technical benchmarking matrices to determine target values.
Exergoeconomic Analysis as a Cost-Control Mechanism in Manufacturing Operations
Authors: Okereke Chukwuemeka Joshua , Lasode, Olumuyiwa A. , Ohijeagbon Idehai O.
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the application of exergoeconomic analysis as a cost control mechanism in manufacturing operations with a focus on industrial beverage carbonation system. Exergoeconomic analysis is a thermodynamic tool that can identify cost rate of exergy destruction (hidden cost) associated with a machine or a system that cannot be identified using typical cost management techniques applied in industries. Exergy analysis was performed to examine the performance parameters of each unit in the system using mass and energy balance. Cost rate of exergy destruction was performed using the thermoeconomic analysis of energy systems software. The study reviews that the total hidden cost in the carbonation system was $777.31/hr, while the total cost rate related to the investment and maintenance of the system was $45.13/hr. The study concluded that reduction of exergy destruction in the mixer and other subsystems within the carbonation system is very crucial to the improvement of the cost rate in beverage production.
To Build a Future Abroad
Authors: Panzella Alessandra , Machado Carolina Feliciana
Published: July 2022

Conscious of the challenges and changes that we are facing, this chapter aims to describe the characteristics of a work experience abroad from the point of view of a woman. In an organizational context, the value resulting from international assignments is getting more decisive. Overseas tasks represent a great occasion for workers to improve their professional path, but it also has positive outcomes on their personal life. Its growing importance is due also to the increased number of people accepting job in a foreign country. Among others, there will be highlighted the reasons why women should consider going and what they can gain from it as well as the obstacles that prevent them from accepting an international assignment or the difficulties that they could eventually find.
Application of Blockchain in Educational Big Data
Authors: Goyal S. B. , Bedi Pradeep , Kumar Jugnesh
Published: July 2022

With the rapid development of big data technologies, their applications are growing rapidly. Conventional big data management is vulnerable. If any tampering occurs over stored database or sometimes untrusted data gathering occurs, then it causes serious issues with conventional data management. To resolve these problems, this chapter is focused on the development of blockchain technology for secure educational big data (EBD). Blockchain techniques divide the data blocks into secure data blocks using cryptography algorithms. The secure data blocks are connected in the chain with each other. This ensures security as well as flexibility. So, in this chapter, the proposed methodology had adopted blockchain technology and ensures its efficiency due to its decentralized and flexible approach.
Object Identification in Remotely-Assisted Robotic Surgery Using Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Lokhande Meghana P. , Patil Dipti Durgesh
Published: July 2022

Although telemedicine is still practiced today, high-speed connections and improved organizational capability have enabled remote operation of medical equipment, known as telerobotic surgery. The technologies have a number of benefits, including enhanced performance and the ability to reach complex operations to geographically isolated places where trained surgeons are unavailable. This study proposed an early robotic solution for limited teleoperation tasks in a complex and unpredictable environment. So, the research is inspired by future human-robot collaboration. It focuses on limiting or preventing accidents between the robot and its environment. In order to enable access to robotic surgery equipment in a confined area, a fuzzy control method is used. We may infer that an adaptive robotic system capable of accomplishing limited tasks while also responding to external factors in an unpredictable and dynamic environment is potentially feasible.
Protect Nature and Reduce the Carbon Footprint With an Application of Blockchain for IIoT
Authors: Whig Pawan , Velu Arun , Bhatia Ashima Bhatnagar
Published: July 2022

The cumulative amount of greenhouse gases that are shaped by our actions is a carbon footmark. In the US, the total carbon footmark of a humanoid is 16 tonnes, one of the largest amounts in the world. The average is closer to 4 tonnes worldwide. The average universal carbon footmark per year requirements is to drop below 3 tonnes by 2050 to have the utmost chance of stopping a 2°C point rise in worldwide temperature. Rahul et al. already predicted that the carbon footprint reduced by 17% with the use of IoT-enabled services. In this research study a novel approach to reduce carbon footprint using IoT with reinforcement AI learning is presented, which further reduced carbon footprint by 5% when using and nearly 7% when it is done using Q-Learning. The detailed findings are included to demonstrate the result.
Demystifying Federated Learning for Blockchain
Authors: Whig Pawan , Velu Arun , Sharma Pavika
Published: July 2022

Blockchain genuinely has the power to revolutionise the energy market mechanism by introducing smart PPAs (purchase power agreements), smart micro grids, and REC certificates. By converting energy resources into digital commodities that can be exchanged on a blockchain, new investment and trading possibilities that allow new players to join easily and encourage innovations will be enabled. It may also contribute to a shift driven by the organisation to address the issue of last mile connectivity. While recent grid developments have broadened the use of advanced control techniques, the next-generation grid requires technology that makes it simpler to connect distributed energy services (DERs) for users who both acquire and sell power seamlessly. This chapter will present a case study of a blockchain-based optimization paradigm and framework for crowd-sourced operations.
International Law in the Field of Human Rights
Authors: Gonitashvili Valeria
Published: July 2022

A series of international human rights treaties and other instruments adopted since 1945 have conferred legal forms on inherent human rights and developed the body of international human rights. Other instruments have been adopted at the regional level reflecting the particular human rights concerns of the region and providing for specific mechanisms of protection. Most states have also adopted constitutions and other laws which formally protect basic human rights. While international treaties and customary law form the backbone of international human rights law, other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines, and principles adopted at the international level, contribute to its understanding, implementation, and development. Respect for human rights requires the establishment of the rule of law at the national and international levels.
The Relation Between Digital Technology and Democracy
Authors: Polcumpally Arun Teja
Published: July 2022

This chapter provides a conceptual understanding of the impact of advanced digital technologies on democracy with a special focus on artificial intelligence (AI). The explanation of the impact of the internet and allied technologies is themed into 1) power at the hands of the state or 2) diffuses from the state. In the current global politics, almost all the major powers of the world are vying for an upper hand in developing advanced digital technologies, especially AI. Among these, AI is the major technological development that brings the dichotomy in state's behaviour pitching surveillance against freedom. Anchored to AI, this chapter provides a good understanding of technology impact on the sustenance of democracy. The chapter concludes by providing a co-protectionist approach in formulating a new conceptual framework for digital democracy.
The Role of the Constitution in Establishing Legality in the State
Authors: Gonitashvili Valeria
Published: July 2022

Constitution (from lat. constitutio – “device, establishment, addition”) is the basic law of the state, a special normative legal act that has the highest legal force. The constitution defines the foundations of the political, legal, and economic systems of the state. The constitution is the founding document of the state, which sets out the main goals of the creation of the state. In the vast majority of countries, the constitution is adopted by a constituent assembly or by referendum. The constitution is given the following legal designation: a normative legal act of the highest legal force of the state (or state-territorial commonwealth in interstate associations), fixing the foundations of the political, economic, and legal systems of this state or commonwealth, the foundations of the legal status of the state and the individual, their rights and obligations.
The International Importance of Civil and Political Rights
Authors: Beruashvili Natalia
Published: July 2022

Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedoms from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state without discrimination or repression. Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples' physical and mental integrity, life, and safety; protection from discrimination on grounds such as race, gender, national origin, color, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, or disability; and individual rights such as privacy, the freedoms of thought and conscience, speech and expression, religion, the press, assembly, and movement. Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial, due process, the right to seek redress or a legal remedy, and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble, the right to petition, the right of self-defense, and the right to vote.
Organizational Justice, Leadership Styles, Identity, and Psychological Contract Implications
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: July 2022

This study analyses some implications of the organizational justice, leadership styles, identity, and psychological contract as organizational citizenship behaviors. It begins assuming that there are positive, predictive, and mediating relationships between organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational justice, identity, leadership behaviors, and the psychological contract. The methods employed are the analytical and descriptive leading to a reflective inference based on the previous review of the theoretical and empirical literature on these issues. It is concluded that there are predictive, positive, and mediating relationships between the different variables considered in organizational citizenship behaviors, organizational justice, identity, leadership styles, and psychological contract.
Reconceptualizing Diversity Training Predictors of Training Success
Authors: Ward Shakoor , El-Amin Abeni
Published: July 2022

The results of in-depth meta-analyses of diversity training outcomes reveal that cognitive learning is the strongest effect from diversity training, while smaller effects were behavioral and attitudinal change. Further results of the analysis suggest that successful diversity training occurs when learning is the goal, not impact from behavior or attitude changes. An adapted version of The Kirkpatrick Training and Evaluation Model is highlighted to demonstrate how to design an evaluation that measures actual learning, rather than perceived learning. In addition, the Plus/Delta feedback tool is introduced as an effective evaluation tool to identify what is going well and what needs to change or improve within a training program covering several topics over multiple sessions with a cohort. The chapter concludes with a recommendation that the success of diversity training is evaluated on the degree of learning that occurs in each session, rather than the impact on university diversity initiatives and post-training attitude changes.
Strategies for Mitigating Bias in Training and Development
Authors: Marks Quinton L. , El-Amin Bilal , El-Amin Abeni
Published: July 2022

This chapter will examine the importance of mitigating bias in training and development, which provides internal and external scanning, thus mitigating bias in selection, promotion, compensation, information sharing, and implicit biases. Further, bias in training and development arises when training participants are intentionally or unintentionally targeted because of individual aspects of the “Big 8,” consisting of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, ability, religion/spirituality, nationality, and socioeconomic status. Akin to research, information bias results from misleading training participants by providing incomplete information or showing imaging that is not representative of a diverse group of people. Additionally, DEIB training and development leadership and risk factors are addressed.
Redefining Teachers' Interactions and Role Awareness
Authors: Nizzolino Salvatore
Published: July 2022

This chapter's goal is to identify the teacher mental framework oriented to knowledge management (KM) and compatible to the ubiquitous Nonaka's model, regarding the sharing and collaboration practices found in the EU platform eTwinning. The pilot-study shows that when information and communication technology (ICT) skills become standardized, teachers' behavioral attitudes related to sharing and collaboration should be observed from a more holistic perspective. The first part provides a general description of Nonaka's model in connection with the education sector. The second part offers a bird's eye view of the European context framed by EU Acts and frameworks of reference to identify the roots of an emerging teaching profile linked to the awareness of knowledge flow. The third part presents a pilot research involving the idea of innovation related to the growing attitudes of digital collaboration and sharing. Within the eTwinning practice-context, this chapter proposes to switch the general approach from a teacher learning perspective to a teacher “knowledge management” standpoint.
Exploring Academic Achievements and Gender Differences in Twitter-Assisted Education
Authors: Yu Zhonggen , Wei XU  , Sukjairungwattana Paisan
Published: July 2022

The recent decade has been witnessing an increasing number of studies committed to the use of Twitter in education. It is necessary to determine the effect of Twitter use on education through a meta-analytical review since related meta-analyses are scanty and previous findings are inconsistent. By searching a number of databases, the authors selected 23 publications to examine the effect of the use of Twitter in education. It is concluded that the use of Twitter exerts a significant and positive effect on general education, that the use of Twitter exerts a significant and positive effect on academic achievements in education, and that there are no significant gender differences in the effect of Twitter use in education. Other social media could also be considered in terms of their use in education.
Zero Tolerance as a Policy Response to Mass Shootings
Authors: Tseng Margaret , Sako Borjana
Published: July 2022

The growth of shootings and rise of violence in schools have forced legislators and educators to take action. However, there has been limited change. Consequently, schools have had to resort to their own preventative measures including zero tolerance policies. Data clearly shows that zero tolerance has been the dominant way of dealing with discipline since the passage of the GFSA act of 1994. Despite the original intent of implementing zero tolerance policies in schools—that is, to ensure guns and other dangerous weapons were kept out of schools—these policies have instead grown to encompass an endless variety of seemingly minor infractions. This chapter explores the effects that zero tolerance policies, particularly, the unintended consequences that have resulted due to the increased utilization of such practices. Zero tolerance policies have implications for children and youth that are vulnerable (disabilities, immigrants, poor socio-economic status) increasing risks for repeated offenses and exposure to criminal justice.
Nonviolent Discipline Practices Within Classrooms
Authors: Chitiyo Rufaro A. , Nyemba Florence , Ramsey Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2022

This chapter focuses on nonviolent discipline practices within classroom settings. The authors draw upon a trauma-informed perspective as a means to encourage professionals working with children to engage in best practices as they decide how to best discipline children under their care. They also address a few examples of nonviolence in U.S. history because peace has worked multiple times as a means to solve social problems. In addition, they provide a brief history of discipline in U.S. schools and how that has evolved over time. Furthermore, they explain possible causes of trauma in children, how to discipline children with histories of trauma, how to implement trauma-informed care in K-12 settings, as well as provide examples of trauma-informed classroom strategies. Using a case study, they provide an example of how to guide teachers to use nonviolent discipline in their work with children with histories of trauma.
School Resource (Police) Officers in Schools
Authors: Mallett Christopher A.
Published: July 2022

Having police officers in schools (school resource officers – SROs) is controversial with a growing debate as their presence has proliferated nationally over the past 20 years. A majority of high schools and middle schools today have police on campus providing a variety of services, though primarily law enforcement. While the intent is to provide improved school safety and protection to students, unexpectedly this has not been the outcome for many school campuses when reviewing most criminal activity and school shootings. While the presence of SROs is complicated, the unintended impact has harmed more students than anticipated by criminalizing misbehaviors and disorderly conduct, making the learning environment less conducive by negatively changing school climates and disproportionately impacting many already at-risk young people.
Poverty and Crime in Young People From Children Protection Centers
Authors: Vega Sonia Castizo , Cutiño-Raya Salvador , Espasandin-Bustelo Francisco
Published: July 2022

Young people who are in a situation of residential care are considered to be in a condition of multidimensional poverty. Research aims to achieve the following general objectives: first, to identify the level of delinquency of young people and its determining factors and, second, to propose strategies and programs. This research will follow a two-stage research process in which different research methods will be applied. Along with the main results, the authors point out that the most frequent crimes refer to these youngsters getting involved in gang fights; alcohol consumption; in attacking classmates, parents, and teachers; they steal money and or other objects from the collaborating family; they consume pornography and go out to discotheques, pubs, and nightclubs. In the educational field, although they are dedicated to their education, they obtain very low grades. They only participate moderately in sports activities and have very low participation in religious services; furthermore, the young men have a moderately high level of belief in the legal system.
Classroom Behavior Among Management Students in the Higher Education of India
Authors: Karani Anushree Manohar , Achuthan Sarla
Published: July 2022

The classroom is an experimental lab for students as they spend a significant part of their formative years in school and colleges for learning goals. It is essential that the environment of schools and colleges should be able to inculcate positive behavioral traits among students to enable them to develop the required skills and attitude. The current study tried to understand classroom behavior among management students in Gujarat. The classroom behavior has the potential to be influenced by ethical values and entrepreneurial attitude of students. The student engagement practices can be a tool to improve the classroom behavior. The outcomes suggest that the teachers experience disruptive behavior, less ethical standards, and increased entrepreneurial attitude among students. Students' self-perception of behavior is positive, with proper ethical standards and have an entrepreneurial mindset. The study found conflicts in the perceptions of teachers and students for classroom behavior and ethical standards. Positive teacher attitude and practical learning were preferred engagement avenues.
Trauma-Sensitive and Responsive Coaching
Authors: Hansen Mary A. , Turner Brooke , Davis Armani
Published: July 2022

This chapter discusses the prevalence and impact of trauma and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on today's youth. Information related to the impact of previous trauma and sports-related trauma on youth athletes is discussed. The benefits of sports and physical activity in combatting the effects of trauma are presented. Information about trauma-informed models, pedagogies, and coaching practices are presented in order to highlight the importance of awareness and implementation of trauma-sensitive coaching pedagogies to help youth athletes including those who have been impacted by trauma or ACEs thrive.