bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of Climate Research Unit High Resolution Time-Series Rainfall Data over Three Source Region: Results of 52 Years
Authors: Quaye-Ballard Jonathan Arthur , An Ru , Ruan Richard , Adjei Kwaku Amaning , Akorful-Andam Samuel
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper was to validate the rainfall data of Climate Research Unit high resolution Time-Series version 3.1 (CRU TS 3.1) with meteorological ground-based Rain Gauge (RG) measurements and determine the possibility of its integration with ground-measured rainfall. The research primarily advocates on the need for complementing ground-based datasets with CRU TS 3.1global datasets for sustainable studies in protecting the environment. The Source Region of the Yellow, Yangtse and Lancang Rivers (SRYYLR), China was taken as the study area. The data was validated by using the data from seventeen meteorological RG stations at SRYYLR. Statistical technique based on Linear Regression (LR), Cumulative Residual Series Analysis (CRSA) and Geo-Spatial techniques based on batch processing, cell statistics, map algebra, re-sampling, extraction by mask, geo-statistical interpolation and profiling along transects by interpolation of a line were used. The study revealed that although CRU TS 3.1 datasets are underestimated compared to the RG datasets, they can be efficiently and effectively be used for rainfall trend analysis with 90% level of confidence because of the analyses by different techniques revealed similar profile trends.
The Perspective of Ecological Building Large Sports Venues Green Regulation System
Authors: Xie Yun Cheng , Zhang Qin
Published: August 2013

In sports ecological perspective, adopting the literature material method, expert interview and logical induction, for large sports venues green construction and current situation of the development and utilization of system analysis and research, on this basis building a large sports venues and green sustainable development mode. The results of the study conclude that the large size stadium design, construction, operation as an ecological system was studied. In every link of fusion, through green, save and sustainable development thought. Using this model will be good for large sports venues construction and sustainable utilization.
Design of Landscape Aquatic Ecosystem in Mengqing Park
Authors: Li Dan , Sun Cong Jun , Chen Man Man
Published: August 2013

Sustainable ecosystem organizes itself to fit in the environment by assimilating nature energy with little technology help, water ecosystem in the Mengqing park is such a nature system which integrate both biodiversity and economic values together. The work of designing of water ecosystem in Mengqing park is conceptually based on the theory of ecological engineering, presents the natural principles of ecosystem design, discusses seven major ecological indicators including hydrology, soil substrate, oxygen, vegetation, biotical, chemical, and bank construction.
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Detects Bacterial and Cyaonbacterial Diversities in Biological Soil Crusts in a Semiarid Desert, China
Authors: Zhang Ying , Cao Cheng You , Zhang Peng
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study is to assess the application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for analyzing the bacterial and cyanobacterial diversities of biological soil crusts (BSCs) in sandy land. Soil microbial DNA was extracted from BSCs under different plantations in Horqin Sandy Land of Northeast China. 16S rRNA gene fragments from bacteria and cyanobacteria were amplified by universal bacterial and cyanobacteria-specific primers. Fourteen and six prominent bands were detected in the bacterial and cyanobacterial DGGE profiles, respectively. These bands were excised, cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis classified the bacterial sequences into the following main groups:Escherichia,Bacillus,Paenibacillus,Shigella, andPseudomonas. The cyanobacterial sequences were classified asMicrocoleus,LeptolyngbyaandHaslea. Our study suggests that DGGE is a useful technique for detecting dominant species compositions of bacterial and cyanobacterial communities in biological soil crusts, and specific primers are recommended for PCR of 16S rRNA gene fragments.
Research on the Impact of Ground Crack on Soil Nitrogen in Sandy Area Pit Mining
Authors: li En Lai , Zhao Yan Ling , Peng Meng , Wang Xin Jing , Zeng Ji Yong , Yu Yang , Gao Yang
Published: August 2013

The ground cracks caused by mine activities lead to soil destruction in sandy area. Most of the previous literatures focus on the soil properties change before and after the large area subsidence, and the research of the ground crack impact on soil are inadequate. This paper takes the soil around the static cracks as the research object, analyzes the impact law of the soil total nitrogen by using the comparative analysis method. The impact law and impact range of the soil total nitrogen by ground crack, and the impact mechanism of the soil porosity and soil particle size, are analyzed. The result show that: within 200cm away from static cracks, the soil total nitrogen content is decreases in the close distance, increases in the middle, and keeps gentle change in the long distance; The effect boundary of the total nitrogen by static cracks is about 100cm, providing information for further study on the soil quality influenced by coal mining in the sandy area.
The Soil and Vegetation Effect on Carbon Transfer Path in Epigenic Karst System
Authors: Kang Zhi Qiang , He Shi Yi
Published: August 2013

It was proved that karst processing during groundwater cycle is one of carbon sinks to the atmosphere CO2. To understand the carbon transfer path among the three phases of air, carbonate rocks and karst groundwater in epigenic karst system is very important for mechanic studies of karst carbon sink. There are 8 carbon stable isotope sample sites, including 5 groundwater sites and 3 gaseous CO2 sites in Banzhai river catchment. The total 41 samples, including 38 karst water samples and 3 CO2 samples are acquired in a whole hydrological year of 2010. 4 couples CO2 partial pressure including free air and soil air are tested in site. Based on analysis the carbon stable isotope and CO2 partial pressure data above, it is found that the mostly carbon in free air and karst water is from soil air. The carbon transfer path in epigenic karst system can be divided into 4 steps: 1 the photosynthesis of vegetation take CO2 from free air; 2 the respiration of plant roots and decomposition of humic substance release CO2 to soil layer; 3 the gaseous CO2 is transfer to liquid HCO3- negion by karst process during the water cycle; 4 the bicarbonate in groundwater move to river or ocean fellow the groundwater flow. The forest and soil takes a booster pump action increasing the CO2 partial pressure from free air to soil and it is very important in karst process.
Influence of Reclamation on Grassland Slope in Farming-Pastoral Areas, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Gao Tian Ming , Zhang Rui Qiang
Published: August 2013

In the majority of farming-pastoral areas, Inner Mongolia, grassland slope was reclaimed recent years due to the increase of population. The resulting deterioration of ecological environment problem is becoming more and more serious. In 2012, the effect of reclamation on erosion, vegetation and soil characteristics were researched in Saiwusu of Damao County, Inner Mongolia. Results show: 1. Severe wind erosion in spring, also severe water erosion in summer were on the slopping field. 2. After cultivation, annual herb such as Salsols collina, Corispermum declinatum, Chenopodum aristatum, Artimisia annua et al. grew vigorously, however perennial herb such as Stipa krylovii, Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum were inhibited. 3. Soil nutrient sharp declined due to the erosion and harvest. In short, the grassland which converted to slopping field increases more than 5 times of soil erosion, soil fertility drops 30%, and vegetation changed completely after 1 year; 4 years later, soil fertility drops 50%, vegetation becomes sparse, soil water and fertility is poor, crop yield is low, the slopping field is not fit to continue farming, large abandoned.
Soil Respiration and its Controlling Factors in Six Coastal Young Monoculture Plantations
Authors: Cheng Xiang Rong , Yu Mu Kui , Wu Tong Gui , Wang Zong Xing
Published: August 2013

Biotic and abiotic factors how to influence soil respiration in different young monoculture plantations are not clearly understood. Soil respiration and its controlling factors were studied in six monoculture plantations in the coastal area of Shanghai, China. Soil respiration was significant difference among six stands. Variations of soil respiration in six plots were not directly related to changes in soil water content, but significant relationship was observed between soil respiration and soil temperature. The variation of soil respiration was firmly correlated to the variation of leaf area index (LAI) or gap fraction (GF), soil respiration enhanced with the increase of GF (or decreasing LAI). The microclimate within forest and soil temperature also had positively correlation with soil respiration, but which mainly were affected by GF or LAI. There was no significant relationship between soil respiration and either root biomass or soil nutrients.
A Suggested Fractionation of Inorganic Phosphorus at Various Types of Slope Soil Under Different Restoration Modes
Authors: Wu Bin , Xia Zhen Yao , Zhang Lin Lin , Guan Shi Feng , Li Ming Yi , Yang Ke , Xu Wen Nian
Published: August 2013

This paper selected various types of slope soil under different restoration modes of Xiangjiaba hydropower construction to study the fractionation of inorganic phosphorus. The results showed that the content of inorganic phosphorus was lower.In seven different types of slop soil,the content of total inorganic phosphorus was between 254.43 mg·kg-1 and 992.98 mg·kg-1,and accounted for between 22.60% and 47.12%.The content of soil total inorganic phosphorus and the raito of Water-soluble phosphorus,Al-P to total phosphorus increased as the content of soil total P increase,but the ratio of soil O-P,Ca-P to total phosphorus decreased.The Water-soluble phosphorus and Al-P in Vegetation-growing concrete gunning were the highest,the O-P in Natural secondary forests were the highest and Ca-P in External-soil spray seeding were the highest among all the types of slope soil.
Effect of Leaching on Loss of Soil Phosphorus in Different Types of Sand Dune in Horqin Sandy Land, China
Authors: Zhou Quan Lai , Jiang De Ming , Liu Zhi Min , Alamusa  , Li Xue Hua
Published: August 2013

We simulated P leaching on active dune (AD), semi-stabilized dune (SSD) and stabilized dune (SD) under 140, 700 and 1400 mm of rainfall in Horqin Sandy Land Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that the available phosphorus (AP) pool decreased by 5–50% in topsoil (0–10 cm), and increased by -5–220% in subsoil (10–20 cm) in AD, SSD, and SD soil. The total P (TP) pool in topsoil (0–10 cm) decreased by 1.8–5.0%, and increased by -5–4.6% in subsoil (10–20 cm) in AD, SSD, and SD soil. The P loss in the soils (0-20 cm) was 0.5–4.5% in AD, SSD, and SD soil. These data indicated that significant downward movement of P occurred during soil leaching. And, the movement of soil P by leaching can cause P loss and changes in vertical distribution of P. Moreover, the difference in P concentration, drawn up by plant roots, between topsoil and subsoil can buffer the P loss at the start of leaching. Therefore, vegetation restoration is essential to reduce P loss in sandy lands.
Green Infrastructure and Ecological Technology Application Based on Lakes Overall Protection: A Case Study of Wolong Lake Area of Shengyang
Authors: Wang Yun Cai , Cui Ying
Published: August 2013

This paper studied the green infrastructure and ecological technology application based on lakes overall protection, in the case of Wolong Lake area in Shenyang, Liaoning Province of China. Wolong Lake is located in boundary of Liaoning, Jilin and Inner Mongolia Province, and closed to Horqin sandy land. It is the second largest fresh water lake in northeast China, which is important node for eastern Asia bird migration and for migratory bird propagation in summer. It is the important ecological security strategy node in Liaoning Province and even in Northeast China for the ecological security effect of sand fixation, freshwater supply, birds conservation, etc. It has some practical significance for the study of lake and estuary landscape ecological planning in small town of Northeast China, especially for the the green infrastructure planning.
Thinking of Eco-City Construction
Authors: Dai Peng
Published: August 2013

Urban is the product of human beings utilization, modification, and adaption to the nature; it is the footprint of human beings activities in the nature world. In the formation and development process of the cities, human beings keep exploring and creating artificial environment that satisfies our own desire. This paper based on the relationship of dialectical unity harmony between humans and nature, in order to construct eco-city.
Using Modified Perlites to Treat Mine Water of Abandoned Coal Mines in Partizansk City, Primorskiy Krai
Authors: Arefieva O.D. , Perfilev A.V. , Nazarkina A.V. , Ksenik T.V. , Yudakov A.A. , Kondratyeva A.A.
Published: August 2013

So far, various methods and schemes for mine water treatment are available. Finding new filtering materials capable for physical holding of solid particles and possessing sorption features is of great concern. This paper studies the adsorption capacity of modified perlite (Nachikinsk deposit, Kamchatka peninsula) of various size distribution to treat mine water of the abandoned Nagornaya mine, Partizansk city (Primorskiy Krai). Basic hydrochemical parameters of mine water when filtering through expanded water-repelling perlite.
Remediation Performance of Petroleum Polluted Groundwater by in Site Air Sparging Technologies
Authors: Zhou Ya Ping , Wang Zhi Qiang , Li Ming Ming
Published: August 2013

The technology of in situ air sparging (IAS) was used to remediate the groundwater polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon in an oil field. The results show that the soil geological condition has great influence on the injection air pathways distribution, and the pattern of the air pathways distribution is nonsymmetrical to the injection well as the vertical axis. The petroleum hydrocarbon removal rate reached to 70% in the zone with higher density of air pathways distribution, but only 40% in the zone with lower density of air pathways distribution, and the average removal rates of the petroleum hydrocarbon components reached to 60 % in the influence zone. The petroleum components with higher volatility are easily removed by volatilization, but those with lower volatility are difficult to remove, so a tailing effect of lingering residual contaminant exist when the technology is used to remediate groundwater polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon.
Ecological Protection Techniques of Riverbank in Liaohe River, Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Hong Ling , Sun Li Na , Tang Jia Xi , Sun Tie Heng
Published: August 2013

In the present experiment, we took a section of Liaohe River in east of Shuangan bridge Yingzhou District, Tieling as an example to study ecological slope protection technique of riverbank in an agricultural catchment. In order to assess the potential of the slope protection project, the length of new taproot, height of new branches, and base diameter of shoot were determined. The results showed that the pioneer species such as Salix suchowensis and Amorpha fruticosa are growing very well with strong root system and flourished branches, which can help control soil erosion effectively. Furthermore, the growth indexes of Salix suchowensis were higher than those of Amorpha fruticosa after five months growing. Along with the riverbank being reinforced by soil bioengineering technique, native plants have been in rapid restoration and biodiversity increases.
Research on Sustainable Development of Ecology Based on Ecological Footprint Theory - Case Study of Liaocheng City in ShanDong Province
Authors: Yu Hui , Zhu Ying Bo
Published: August 2013

Ecological footprint theory is used to evaluate the eco-environmental conditions by calculating the area of regional productive land. The research would estimate the environmental sustainability of the lifestyle of residents in Liaocheng city using the ecological footprint as the indicator of consumption. At first, the related conceptions of ecological footprint will be introduced, then analysis the disparity between consumption demand and available supply on the basis on data from statistical yearbook of Shandong Province in 2011. The result shows that the ecological footprint exceeds 27.9 times of ecological carrying capacity which indicate that the city was in unsustainable situation in 2011.
Research Progress on Exchanging Fluxes of Greenhouse Gases from Artificial Grassland
Authors: Su Chen Xia , Mi Yuan Ting , Wang Duo , Zhao Qing Shan , Duan Jun Jie , Mei Bao Ling
Published: August 2013

At present, in order to improve the yield of grasslands, artificial grasslands are largely constructed, which has a great significance to improve the ecological environment. The researches on greenhouse gases (Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide) fluxes of artificial grassland are lacking and the exchange of fluxes has a great impact on global greenhouse gases balance. We summarize the researching progress on greenhouse gases exchanging fluxes from artificial grassland, and we analyze the similarities and differences of greenhouse gases exchanging fluxes between artificial grasslands and natural grasslands by the way of comparisons.
Study on Emergency Management of Sudden Water Pollution Accidents
Authors: Zhang Yun Long , Mei Qiang
Published: August 2013

China is facing serious environmental pollution problems and the increasingly worsening water pollution as well as frequent sudden water pollution accidents has become the most notable one. Based on theory of risk prediction and group decision, a series of emergency management methods in dealing with sudden water pollution accidents was presented. In which grey system theory was used in the prediction of sudden water pollution accidents and a GM(1,1) model was given. The results gotten from the GM(1,1) model might be useful in improving our ability of the prevention and treatment of emergent accidents. At the same time, the method of multiple group decision-making was used to illustrate the progress of making decision in real-time event of sudden water pollution accidents. This method will help the decision maker make effective decisions under emergency situation which will reduce the probability of risk, minimize losses, and guarantee the national economic and social security.
Thinking of Economic Development Policies Based on Ecological Environment Protection
Authors: Gao Hong Mei
Published: August 2013

The process of industrialization in the developed countries is often realized at the expense of sacrificing the environment and the natural resources; therefore, how to deal with the relationship among environment, resources and economy is an important task before us. As the world's most populous developing country, China is in the process of realizing its industrialization and is facing serious environment problems, and currently, how to deal with the relationship between economic development and ecological environment is a major issue. This article studies the economic policies and proposes the economic policies based on the ecological environment, e.g. the ecological economic policies, from the perspective of ecological environment.
Evaluation Study on New Pattern of Heilongjiang Province's Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Hao Sheng Bin , Wang Yuan
Published: August 2013

The new pattern of manufacturing industry is not only an important way to maintain industrial sustainable development, but also an important development mode for transforming traditional industry. The evaluation index system of new pattern, including productive power of economy, competitive power of science and technology, protective power of environment and resource, is built. The new pattern of Heilongjiang provinces manufacturing industry is evaluated using this index system and factor analysis method. Through the evaluation, we realize the current situation and sustainable development trend of Heilongjiang provinces manufacturing industry clearly.
Characteristics of Carbon-Containning Gases Release during Combustion of Main Arbor in Heilongjiang Province of China
Authors: Zheng Hua Bing , Peng Xu Jian , Zhang Min Xia
Published: August 2013

Based on the study on spatiotemporal pattern of fires in forestry areas in Heilongjiang Province of China, outside field investigation is combined with indoor experiment to calculate the emission amount of carbon-containning gases and emission factors when combustible material coming from fourteen main arbor trees combust via emisson factor method in forestry areas in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that CO2 is the main components generated by combustible material of trees when they burn. The emission amount of carbon-containning gases remain diverse when different tree species combust but to varying degrees. The average value is 54531.8214612.081269.27 respectively. The CO2 emission factors of each tree species are significantly higher than other gases. The average value of CO2COCxHy factors are 2.6827 g·kg-10.5800 g·kg-10.0264 g·kg-1 respectively. The average value of emission amount given off by five kilogram test sample are 5802.54mg1398.18mg82.06mg. The average total emission amount of carbon-containning gases is 7282.78mg.
Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Resistance Indices of Sympodial Bamboo Seedlings
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xie Jin Zhong
Published: August 2013

An indoor low temperature experiment was conducted to study the variations of membrane permeability, malondialdehyde, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities and membrane lipid fatty acid content in leaves and roots of sympodial bamboo seedlings (Dendrocalamus latiflorus)under different levels of cold stress. Results showed that after low temperature pretreatment (8 °C) for 15 days, the soluble protein, soluble sugar contents and POD activities in leaves as well as soluble sugar contents and POD activities in roots were increased obviously. After cold-hardening (-2 °C) for 72 h, the soluble protein, soluble sugar contents and SOD, POD activities in leaves and SOD, POD activities and ratio of membrane lipid unsaturated fatty acid in roots with pretreatment were obviously higher than those without pretreatment. Membrane permeability in leaves with pretreatment was obviously lower than that without pretreatment. But the level of membrane lipid peroxidation in leaves with pretreatment was significantly greater than that before cold-hardening. While the level of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation in roots with pretreatment had no significant change after cold-hardening. Overall, leaves had higher soluble protein, soluble sugar contents and POD activities to avoid low temperature injuries while roots had higher SOD, POD activities and unsaturated fatty acid to avoid membrane lipid peroxidation and membrane injuries.
Study on the Forest Resources and the Spatial Distribution of its Change in Hangzhou
Authors: Jiang Yang , Li Yan
Published: August 2013

The land cover maps of Hangzhou in 2000、2005 and 2010 are generated based on object-oriented method using multi-temporal TM/ETM+ images for the analysis of the forest distrabution and change detection.. The paper focuses on the method of the extraction of forest information, especialy the analysis of the characteristic variables that can be used for classification. LBV transformation,the K-T transformation and vegetation index are studies for various types of the forests, and the appropriate rules and parameters are derived accordingly to extract the forest information. The paper also illustrates the spatial distribution of the dynamic change of forest resource by analysing the land cover of three years .At last, the type and the proportion of the forests dynamic change are statistical calculated, and the driving forces for the change are analyzed to provide the decision-making basis for the relevant department.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Two cDNA Encoding Invertase Inhibitors from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Geng Meng Ting , Yao Yuan , Wu Xiao Hui , Min Yi , Fu Shao Ping , Hu Xin Wen , Guo Jian Chun
Published: August 2013

In this study, two encoding invertase inhibitors (INH) named as MeINH1 and MeINH2 were isolated from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). TheMeINH1 contains a 583 bp fragment in length and codes a region of 172 amino acids; and the MeINH2 contains a 538 bp fragment in length and codes a region of 169 amino acids. The amino acid sequence analysis showed that both MeINH1 and MeINH2 have typical structure of invertase inhibitor proteins with a N-terminal signal peptide, four conserved cysteine residues and two disulfide bridges, respectively; whereas, they showed low homology to other organisms. This research provides a foundation for further study of the cassava INH.
Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on the Germination and Shoot Growth of Two Native Species
Authors: Hu Gang , Zhang Zhong Hua , Hu Bao Qing
Published: August 2013

In order to evaluate the allelopathic potential of an exotic invasive weed,Parthenium hysterophorusL., the effect of different concentrations of aqueous extracts (5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) prepared from leaves ofP. hysterophoruswere studied on the seed germination and seedling shoot growth of two common native herbs,Plantago asiaticaL. andYoungia japonica(L.) DC., through laboratory bioassays. The aqueous leaf extracts at the concentrations of 25%, 75% and 100% significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling shoot growth of two target species. There was complete failure of seed germination ofY. japonicain 75% and 100% aqueous leaf extracts. The inhibitory effect increased with increasing extract concentration. These results suggested that allelopathy may play a role in the impact ofP. hysterophorusinvasion on native plant recruitment of invaded communities in southern China.
Effects of Salinity and Nitrate Nitrogen on Growth, Ion Accumulation, and Photosynthesis of Sugar Beet
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhou Jia Chao , Sui Na , Ding Tong Lou , Zhang Xiao Dong , Song Jie , Wang Bao Shan
Published: August 2013

Effects of salinity and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) on growth, ion accumulation, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet cultivar KWS3418 were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Seedlings were exposed to 0 and 1% NaCl in 0.5, 5 or 10 mM NO3--N treatments for 25 days. The results showed that increasing NO3- supply improved shoot and root dry weights, decreased the Cl- concentration in leaves and roots regardless of NaCl concentration. Higher NO3--N supply also increased concentration of chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII) in leaves and soluble sugar concentration in roots. The results indicate that increasing NO3- supply can help sugar beet to mediate ion homeostasis, to increase the ability of photosynthesis, and subsequently to increase the growth under high salinity. The interactive effects of salinity and nitrate availability can significantly increase soluble sugar in roots of sugar beet.
Shifts of Sexual Reproductive and Vegetative Growth Allocation in Stipa grandis along a Climate Gradient in Inner Mongolia Steppe
Authors: Gao Hui , Gao Yu Bao , Ren An Zhi , Ruan Wei Bin
Published: August 2013

Trade-off between vegetative growth and reproduction is an important plant adaptive strategy to environmental variability. The study investigated the Stipa grandis resource allocation and the relationship between its sexual reproduction and climate factors among three sites located along a typical environmental gradient in the Inner Mongolian Plateau. The results show that different climatic characteristics among three habitats cause the growth differentiation of S. grandis. S. grandis exhibits a prominent change on the resource allocation patterns. The number of reproductive tillers and panicles biomass allocation are significantly increased along the gradient of water availability and temperature whereas the number of vegetative tillers and root biomass allocation are reduced. The rate of the percentage increase is prominently reduced although the foliage allocation increased. It suggests that under the environments with drought and high temperature, S. grandis allocates more resources to sexual reproduction but reduces the investment in vegetative growth and asexual reproduction. Moreover, the amount of precipitation in April and May are significantly correlated with the sexual reproductive allocation of S. grandis.
The Effect of Magnaporthe Grisea Toxin on Photosystem in Rice
Authors: Tang Li Qiong , Yi Jun , Hu Yun Gao , Zhang Ling , Yang Guo Tao
Published: August 2013

Understanding the toxic effect of Magnaporthe oryzae on rice to breed resistant varieties is important for environment protection. The effects of four M. Oryzae physiological races were conducted on the photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigment contents relating to hybrid rice. The results suggest that Pn、E、chl a/chl b and Car content at all growth stages, Ci and Gs at tillering stage, the content of Chl a, Chl b, Chl (a+b) at tillering stage and jointing stage are decreased significantly by the M. oryzae toxins , while Ci and Gs at jointing stage and booting stage, the content of Chl a, Chl b and Chl (a+b) at booting stage show a significant increase in their values. Photosynthesis of rice are inhibited by stomatal and non-stomatal factors in rice treated by M. Oryzae toxins. The response of rice at different growth stages is statistically different for various M. Oryzae physiological races.
The Mechanism of Oleocellosis in 'Fengji' Navel Oranges Induced by Mechanical Injury
Authors: Liu Li Dan , Zeng Kai Fang
Published: August 2013

Our goal was to evaluate how mechanical injury induced oleocellosis, and its discolouration and oxidative stress mechanism in Fengji Navel oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) during previous storage. The results indicated that H2O2 content in mechanical treated fruit was higher than control. APX activity was higher than control during most of previous storage, but CAT, GR activities and ASA, GSH contents were lower than control, which showed GR activity and ASA, GSH contents might play an important rule in enhancing H2O2 to damage cell in mechanical treated fruit. Moreover, our study showed that chlorophyll content was enhanced, but total phenols content was not affected by mechanical during previous storage, which showed that discolouration was turning green but not browning at previous storage.
Relations between Cold Resistance and Composition and Content of Fatty Acids in Leaves of Toona sinensis from Different Provenances
Authors: Wang Guo Xia , Yang Yu Zhen
Published: August 2013

The annual seedlings of ten Toona Sinensis provenances were selected for the study of the relationship between cold resistance and fatty acid composition and content of leaves. The results indicated that the fatty acid composition was the same among different provenances. The main ones were Dodecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, Octadecanoic acid and Eicosanoic acid. But there were evident differences in fatty acid content and index of unsaturated fatty acid (IUFA) among different provenances. The content of unsaturated fatty acid and the IUFA was smaller in southern provenances of Xiapu of Fujian, Qianxinan of Guizhou and Dongkou of Hunan than those of the other provenances from north .The fatty acid content and IUFA were higher in provenances whose cold resistance were stronger. And the results showed that the fatty acid content and IUFA had a positive correlation with cold resistance of Toona sinensis.
New Microsatellite DNA Primers for Chimonanthus grammatus Peculiarly Distributed in Southern China
Authors: Jiang Yu Mei , Liu Yi Xin , Zhang Zhi Bin , Lu Shun Bao , Peng Jiu Sheng , Xie Jing , Cao Guang Pan , Zhu Du
Published: August 2013

Chimonanthus grammatus M.C.Liu is an endangered and national-protected medicinal plant species with highly restricted geographical distribution and disjunctly locates in the border area of Anyuan and Huichang county of Jiangxi province, China. In this study, we developed ten microsatellite loci for this species for the first time. Nine of them was screened by combining biotin capture method to enrich (CA)15 /(GA)15 microsatellites, and one primer is designed from one EST sequence (DW222670) ofChimonanthus praecox. Ten microsatellite primers were found to be polymorphic through screening 30 individuals. Na was from two to eighteen. Ho and He ranged from 0.233 to 0.933 and 0.326 to 0.898, respectly. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was from 0.316 to 0.890. Ten microsatellite primers will be useful to investigate the genetic structure ofChimonanthus grammatusM.C.Liu and to explain its morphological differentiation from another species inChimonanthus.
A Case Study of Radar-Derived Quantitative Precipitation Estimation
Authors: Yang Li Li , Yang Yi , Qi You Cun , Qiu Xue Xing , Gong Zhong Qiang
Published: August 2013

The convective and stratiform precipitations have different precipitation mechanisms. Different reflectivityrainfall rate (ZR) relations should be used for them. A heavy precipitation process on 22nd July, 2009(UTC) in Anhui Province is analyzed with Hefei Doppler radar and 269 rain gauges. First, the type of precipitation is obtained by a fuzzy logic algorithm with radar data. Then the reflectivity values are converted to rainfall rates using an adaptive Z-R relation according to different rain types. It is tested with the case and showed significant improvements over the current operational Z-R QPE when compared with gauges. Results also show that the precipitation process is caused by stratiform and convective precipitation; the rain estimated from radar corresponds well with cloud classification.
Study of Marine Environment and Squid Fishing Fisheries in North Pacific Ocean Based on Remote Sensing and GIS Technology
Authors: Tang Feeng Hua , Wu Yu Mei , Zhou Wei Feng , Cui Xue Sen , Fan Wei , Zhang Sheng Mao
Published: August 2013

Through the surface temperature (SST), sea chlorophyll and ocean current data got by satellite remote sensing inversion technology, and the statistic of fishing boat in the North Pacific from 2006 to 2011, this paper analyzes the relationship of marine environment and squid fishing fisheries fluctuate in North Pacific Ocean. It is determined that the sea surface temperature scope of high squid fisheries is 10~22°C, and the appropriate temperature is 18~20°C. The chlorophyll density of squid fish is approximately 0.02~0.40mg/m3.The frequency is the highest when the chlorophyll density is between 0.08~0.24 mg/m3. GAM module analysis indicates that neon flying squid the relation of the entertainment factor and north feeding migration every June to August and South action every October to November has different features. There is a positive correlation between SST and neon flying squid catch while north feeding migration. It is a negative correlation while going south. And there is a good correspondence between the distribution of chlorophyll and the distribution of the fish catch of core fishery. Fish catch doesn`t has great change as with longitude, but it correspond well with the latitude.
A New Index for Steel Framed Roof Information Extraction Based on Remote Sensing
Authors: Xiao Jie Ying , Ji Na , Li Xing
Published: August 2013

There are a great number of index methods used to extract impervious surface from satellite images. However, these indices are not robust enough to detect steel framed roof due to the diversity of impervious materials. The extraction of steel framed roof information by remote sensing technology is becoming increasingly important because of its environmental and socio-economic significance. A new index, Normalized Difference Steel framed roof Index (NDSI) is proposed to extract steel framed roof surface information from TM images. The NDSI was created based on its spectral characteristics of TM image and the steel framed roof information can be extracted fast by NDSI threshold method. Additionally, Shijiazhuang city, which has experienced rapid urbanization, was chosen as the study area. And the classification results show that the new index NDSI can effectively extract steel framed roof information with higher accuracy.
GIS-Aided Evolvement Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Pattern of Regional Tourism Industry Environment
Authors: Yang Hong , Dong Xiao Ya , Wang Min , Guo Yu
Published: August 2013

Regional tourism is a part of China's economic income. It is of great significance for tourism economy development to study spatial-temporal evolvement. This study analyzed time-based characteristics and spatial cluster characteristics through methods including Spatial Weight Matrix, global spatial autocorrelation (Morans I) statistic, spatial Statistics (Getis-Ord Gi*) and local spatial autocorrelation calculations. Results show that the overall spatial autocorrelation model changed slowly from negative (-0.05) to positive (0.08) while eastern part of study area clustered as hotspot and western part clustered as coldspot. It can be concluded that the spatial distribution pattern of the tourism economy in study area from 2002 to 2007 was increasingly clustered and the tourism development of each units in study area will be much more spatially inter-dependent.
The Effect of Media Fill Ratio on Membrane Fouling in Moving Bed Bioreactors-Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Duan Liang , Song Yong Hui , Jiang Wei , Hermanowicz Slawomir W.
Published: August 2013

This research investigated the effect of media fill ratio on membrane fouling in moving bed bioreactors-membrane bioreactor. The results shown the high removal of ammonia and COD, despite the membrane fouling conditions were really different in two bioreactors. The total modified fouling index (MFI) of IFAS 3000 was three times than MFI of IFAS 1500, and the soluble microbial products (SMP) present in the mixed liquor played an important role in the membrane fouling. No more correlation was found between the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentration and fouling, and the average SMP of IFAS 3000 was higher than IFAS 1500. The carbohydrate of SMP occupied high fraction in all reactors. Large molecular weight (MW) components constituted the major fraction of EPS and SMP. The results indicated that higher media fill ratio can decrease membrane fouling effectively.
Creative Industries - The Effective Path to City Sustainable Development
Authors: Deng Da
Published: August 2013

To achieve a new round of economic growth at this stage, it is impossible for cities to continue to resource-based and dependent development model. Based on intellectual capital and creativity, creative industries are of particular importance to the road to city sustainable development. This paper analyzes the creative industries in the following roles - changing the model of economic growth, optimizing industrial structure, innovation and economic operation system, upgrading the overall competitiveness of the region. View of this article is that the development of creative industries has gone beyond its significance as a new industry format of the industry level, is the realization of a new round of growth and development by leaps and bounds in an effective way.
Ecological Network Construction of County Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Plan - Taking Huairou of Beijing as an Example in China
Authors: Li Xin Feng , Wang Jin Man , Ye Chi Qu , Hu Si Jia
Published: August 2013

Ecological environment protection becomes another important task of land consolidation and rehabilitation plan except increasing the quantity and improving the quality of cultivated land. Based on the analysis of ecological land situation in Huairou, ecological risk assessment system was constructed to classify 3 ecological risk levels. Southern plain belongs to high ecological risk area, central hilly area belongs to medium ecological risk area and northern mountainous area belongs to low ecological risk area. According to the results, construct ecological network with a multistage structuremultiple cores, ecological corridors and substrate. 2 nature reserves and 3 reservoirs are established as primary cores and 22 natural scenic spots as secondary cores, 2 roads are established as primary corridors, another 14 roads and 8 rivers as secondary corridors, and rural roads as third corridors, farmland and forest land are established as the main substrate. Ecological network construction provides a new idea for county land consolidation and rehabilitation plan.
Research on Relative Carrying Capacity of Resources of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Yan Hui
Published: August 2013

The relative carrying capacity of resources methods was used to calculate the relative carrying capacity of land resources, the relative carrying capacity of economic resources and carrying capacity of integrated resource of Inner Mongolia during 1978-2008. Study shows that: carrying capacity of integrated resource of Inner Mongolia is surplus, overloading population between-15.22 to-32.38 million, land resources is the main capacity resources of Inner Mongolia during the last 30 years. The main causes for the sustainable development status in Inner Mongolia is the wide land and small population, but considering lots of land in Inner mongolia can not be cultured, such as desert and gobi, and that economic foundation of Inner Mongolia is still weak, so Inner Mongolia should speed up economic development, enhance the carrying capacity of economic resources.
Effects of Environmental Changes on the Physiological Indexes and Yield in Maize
Authors: Li Hai Yan , Shi Zhen Sheng , Yang Cui Cui , Zhong Xue Mei , Ma Zhao Hui , Gong Xue , Lv Zhi Yao
Published: August 2013

Five-year field experiments were conducted using late-maturing and sparse-planting variety Danyu 39, medium-late-maturing and close-planting variety Zhengdan 958 as experimental materials to evaluate the relationship between physiological indexes and environmental changes. The results were shown that physiological indexes responded differently to environmental changes from year to year. Sunshine hours and light intensity were the main factors affecting physiological indexes, and then temperature. Photosynthetic rate affected the most, followed by chlorophyll content and light transmittance. Environmental changes led to the accumulation changes of photosynthetic products between years, thereby affecting the yield formation. The contributions of physiological index of the yield were different. Contribution rate of chlorophyll content to the yield in Danyu 39 was great, secondly for photosynthetic rate. Photosynthetic rate was dominant factor in affecting the yield of Zhengdan 958.
Analyzing the Landscape Ecological and Hydraulic Values of Inland Type Small Wetlands in the same Watershed Using Eco-Hydraulic Model
Authors: Koo Bon Hak , Byeon Yeong Cheol , Park Miok
Published: August 2013

In order to compare the Landscape ecological and hydraulic values an eco-hydraulic model was built by cross-evaluating ecological landscape index and SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) based on a virtual model of the watershed management. A case study was adapted on the small reservoirs located in Mueul, Gumi city, Gyeongbuk-do, Korea. 27 small reservoirs located in Mueul area were categorized in 3 types such as single distribution (SD), equal distribution (ED), unequal distribution (UD), by the hydrogeomorphic features flowing into the main stream. At the results of simulating on the 3 types of model, unequal distribution (UD) model was realized as the highest effective reduction model of rainfall outflow. And as the reservoirs served as the landscape unit, the relationships between the ecological landscape index and virtual watershed models on small reservoirs in Mueul area were simulated. As a result, as the rainfall runoff reducing effects of small reservoirs, the more increasing the proportion of water volume to catchment area the more effective. Ecological soundness of large-scale reservoirs are higher than smaller one, but if we place several small reservoirs with same total storage volume in the same region, we can concluded that distributing several small reservoirs would be more effective on ecological soundness than single large-scale reservoirs. By utilizing distributed watershed system in urban planning, water circulation system and the species diversity and ecological soundness of watershed ecosystems would be improved.
Consolidation Potential Analysis of Coal Village Based on the Background of City Construction Land Increase and Rural Residential Land Decrease - Take a Coal Mine in Huainan City as a Case
Authors: Yang Yao Qi , Wang Peng Fei , Xiao Wu , Miao Hui Ling , Ren Jun Tao , Wang Ting Ting
Published: August 2013

The supply of construction land index is difficult in coal villages migration, especially the construction land index in urban and rural, lacking of construction land index becomes the bottleneck of village migration. In order to ruduce the pressure of the contradiction between supply and demand of land used for construction purposes. This paper combines with the actual situation of coal villages, taking Huainan as an example, starting from the connotation and significance of the policy of linking the increase in land used for urban construction with the decrease in land used for rural construction, based on the analysis of the current situation of the city construction land use, making predictions on the potentiality of village land readjustment in coal mining areas, the potentiality of the rural residential areas hook readjustment and the potentiality of linking the increase in land used for urban construction with the decrease in land used for rural construction, the results show that the overall hook potentiality is larger.
Study on Protection and Development of Vernacular Landscape of Small Towns during Urbanization
Authors: Bai Shu Jun , Xiao Shao Ying
Published: August 2013

Under the background of current Chinese rapid urbanization,the vernacular landscape of small towns is faced with severe challenges.We clearly define the concept of the vernacular landscape of small towns ,analyze its characteristics and constituent elements. Four practical dilemmas are deeply analyzed, which are the constructive destruction of the rapid urbanization, the convergence of planning and design and the loss of local characteristics,despising the value of the vernacular landscape of small towns,the distortion and rupture of the vernacular landscape.Finally the countermeasures for protection and development of the vernacular landscape of small towns come up,which is respectively correctly cognition of small towns and their vernacular landscape value, adding special contents about landscape protection of small towns in the planning and design,building up ideas about overall protection and organic update.
Photocatalytic Activity of CdSe/K2La2Ti3O10 for Rhodamine B Degradation under Visible Light Illumination
Authors: Liu Li , Wang Ya Fei , Wang Huan , Cui Wen Quan , Liang Ying Hua
Published: August 2013

The composite CdSe/K2La2Ti3O10 photocatalyst was synthesized via a precipitation method. The structure of the photocatalyst was determined by powder X-ray diffraction. The photocatalytic properties for organic matter degradation of the photocatalyst were examined under visible light irradiation, using rhodamine B as the goal degradation content and halogen lamp (λ > 420 nm) for the light source. The results show that when the pH of the rhodanmine B at 7, initial concentration of 10 mg/L and every 250 mL solution catalyst dosage is 0.25 g, and the degradation rate of rhodamine B for 4 hours was 50%.