bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant enzyme response of medical plant Persian Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) to irrigation with microwaves treated water
Authors: Muthik A Guda  , Sheimmaa J Hadi  , Kasim Kadhim Alasedi  , Faris J Alduhaidahawi  , Laith Saheb  , Muthanna F Ali
Published: January 2021

The research, influences of different energy microwaves treated water on the antioxidant enzyme of Trigonella foenum-graecum  (T. foenum ) were studied. The analysis was carried out in 2020 in the laboratories of Ecology Department, College of Science under stable variables such as temperature, humidity, sunlight. The antioxidant enzyme, The catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in T. foenum (hypocotyl and radical) were measured after twenty days of experiments. Results showed that germination was increased with water energy, and all enzymes activity were increased in low energy treated water gradually but decreased rapidly in high energy treated water. hypocotyl showed a higher response than Radical. (CAT) and (SOD) enzymes activity rises slowly in 30w* until it reaches a peak in 50 w * 120 s then decreases rapidly in 70 w * 150 s and whenever the time of treatments increased the enzyme becomes less effective. Both (APX) and (POD) had the same response but showed an increase in activities at 30W. The results improve that microwaves treated water-induced antioxidant enzyme response in T. foenum. While the specified energy level and duration showed a better growth rate compared to regular watering water. The results of this research serve those interested in developing cultivation and water treatment methods and improving our understanding of T. foenum irrigation behaviour using microwave treated water.
MELHORAMENTO DE SOJA VISANDO RESISTÊNCIA À helicoverpa armigera: UMA REVISÃO E PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS/ Soybean breeding aiming at resistance to Helicoverpa armigera: a review and future prospects
Authors: De Sousa Camila Campêlo , Costa Marcones Ferreira
Published: January 2021

A soja (Glycine max L.) é um dos produtos agrícolas mais importantes para o Brasil, além disso, é uma rica fonte de proteína e óleo para nutrição humana. A produtividade das plantas de soja pode ser severamente prejudicada pelo inseto Helicoverpa armigera, que foi oficialmente detectado, no Brasil, durante a safra 2012/2013. A principal estratégia de gerenciamento para essa praga é o controle químico e plantas Bt. No entanto, métodos menos agressivos devem ser incorporados para o manejo sustentável, como a obtenção de genótipos resistentes. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os estudos de melhoramento genético de soja que visem à obtenção de genótipos resistentes à H. armigera. Para tanto, foram selecionados artigos nacionais e internacionais que abordassem o tema. Conforme os dados obtidos, as cultivares BP, M4, Sahar, JK, L17, Gorgan3, PI 227687, PI 274453, PI 274454, PI 229358, PI 171451, IAC 17 e IAC 19 apresentam resistência à H. armigera e poderão ser incorporadas aos programas de melhoramento brasileiro. De modo geral, acredita-se que esta pesquisa servirá como material de referência para apoiar pesquisadores na condução de estudos futuros que visem ao melhoramento de soja.
TENDENCIA DEL COWORKING EN AREQUIPA-PERÚ
Authors:   UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARÍA, Villanueva Paredes Grace Ximena , Barreros Melendez Laleska Shellby ,   UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARÍA, Carbajal Díaz William Raúl ,   UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARÍA, Carpio Neyra Rodrigo Alonso ,   UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARÍA, Huatta Cornejo Rocio Marian ,   UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARÍA, Portilla Vilches Alvaro Andre ,   UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARÍA, Villena Mayhuire Alicia Guadalupe ,   UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARÍA
Published: January 2021

Coworking is a form of work where physical spaces are shared, mainly focused on entrepreneurs and independent workers, commonly called freelancers. This article identifies the current trend of these collaborative work spaces in Arequipa, in addition to measuring the feasibility of opening a physical coworking in the medium term. Various techniques were used for research such as documentary observation, interviews, focus groups and surveys, which allowed a complete analysis of the current situation, each one contributed to complement, in different proportions, the information that was initially had. The results showed that there is an upward trend in coworking in the city, which can be exploited by Arequipa entrepreneurs who are looking at a possible investment in this area. In addition, it was shown that the market in Arequipa is characterized by being traditional, so the characteristics of these spaces must try to address their requirements. Keywords: Coworking, entrepreneur, independent workers, shared spaces, coworker
MICROBIOMA: AMIGO O ENEMIGO EN PACIENTES CON COVID - 19
Authors:   UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARÍA, Quispe Medina Katherine Milagros , Mamani Ruelas Angel Sixto ,   UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARÍA, Alvarez Vera Brenda Jasmin ,   NEOPLÁSICAS DEL SUR - IREN - SUR. AREQUIPA - PERÚ, Silvestre Gutierrez Yasmin Yessenia ,   ALBERTO SEGUÍN ESCOBEDO ESSALUD, AREQUIPA - PERÚ
Published: January 2021

The research of the microbiome concerning various diseases has grown in the last ten years due to the advances in molecular biology and next-generation sequencing, finding interactions with various pathologies. The new coronavirus 19 (SARS-COV 2) pandemic has aroused interest in the study of multiple factors that could influence in the development of symptoms mainly due to the interaction of the microbiome whether of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract finally in the prognosis. Therefore, in this study, we focus on reviewing and analyzing the current bibliography of research and clinical cases about the relationship between the lung and gut microbiome and COVID-19, highlighting its effect on infected patients, aiming to contribute to this new line of research. Keywords: Microbiome, COVID-19, SARS-COV 2, gut microbiome, lung microbiome.
AUTOLESIONES DENOMINADAS CUTTING EN ADOLESCENTES DE AREQUIPA
Authors:   Docente Universidad Continental. Arequipa - Perú., Jácobo Valdivia Francis Wendell , Jácobo Valdivia Arlett K. ,   Psicóloga del C.E. Innova School Arequipa - Perú, Manrique Aguirre María A. ,   Estudiante de maestría Universidad Nacional de San Agustín. Arequipa - Perú
Published: January 2021

The objective of this research was to analyze the experiences and the subjective world of self-injurious behavior called “Cutting” in adolescents from Arequipa. The sample consisted of 6 male and female adolescents between the ages of 14 and 17. The methodology was approached from a qualitative paradigm, working with the Phenomenological method, which allowed to analyze the experiences, emotions, experiences, feelings, and thoughts of adolescents in front of the "Cutting" through participant observation and in-depth interview. The Research is governed from a Cognitive - Behavioral approach. A structured interview and a sociodemographic record were applied to the adolescents to obtain data. The Results showed in detail the subjective world, experiences, characteristics and phenomena associated with Cutting, showing that adolescents self-harm due to family problems and males to manipulate and attract the attention of the family and partner, the beginning of the behavior Self-harm occurs from the age of 13, with a duration of 1 to 3 years, the behaviors found are impulsivity, aggressiveness, showing emotions of regret, depressed mood, anxious features, at the same time feeling relief and tranquility; the consequences they found are social discrimination, marks and scars on the body, low self-esteem, school absenteeism and poor academic performance. Keywords: Self-injury, Cutting Cognitive Behavioral Approach, Adolescence and self-harm
Influencia de algunos preservativos conservadores sobre la efectividad de una vacuna contra la enfermedad del Newcastle
Authors: Soria Carlos
Published: January 2021

La estructura viral puede verse afectada por la presencia de ciertos compuestos químicos. Se demuestra un aumento en el tiempo de mortalidad de embriones de pollo recibieron virus expuestos a conservadores como el fenol o el metil y el propil parabeno, lo que indica una disminución significativa en el número de partículas virales viables capaces de causar infección.

Por hemoaglutinación también se demuestra un incremento relativamente pequeño y lento en el número de virus, en función de un tiempo determinado, en líquido alaitoideo de embriones inoculados con virus expuestos a fenol y parabenos, a diferencia de otros embriones que recibieron vacunas expuestas a conservadores como la penicilina y estreptomicina con o sin tampón fosfato. 

El uso de vacunas tratadas con fenol o parabenos, previo a su administración en pollitos, dieron títulos serológicos en inhibición de la hemoaglutinación bastante bajos, demostrando también la importancia del uso adecuado de conservadores apropiados en una formulación vacunal
Lo que debemos saber sobre el virus asesino Coronavirus Sars-CoV2
Authors: Vallejo Zambrano Cristhian Rubén , González Arteaga Hilda Yajaira , Espinal Rivera Shirley Janine , Álvarez Vera Sandra Carolina , Zambrano Macías Job Emmanuel , Zambrano Ordoñez Washington Enrique , Molina Tigua Yudy Nohely , Macías Valle Kiara Belén , Farfán Moreira Alex Iván , Gómez Chumo Marcela Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Una pandemia mundial provoca importantes consecuencias a nivel económico, social y de salud pública, en mayor o en menor medida, en todos los países afectados. En enero del 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró una Emergencia de Salud Pública de Interés Internacional a raíz de un nuevo virus de la familia Coronaviridae que posteriormente se ha denominado SARS-CoV-2. El cuadro clínico asociado a este virus se ha denominado COVID-19. Esta declaración es un evento extraordinario que constituye un riesgo para la Salud Pública de todos los países a causa de la propagación internacional de una enfermedad, que puede exigir una respuesta internacional coordinada. De allí, que la evolución de los acontecimientos y el esfuerzo conjunto de la comunidad científica mundial, están generando gran cantidad de información que se modifica rápidamente con nuevas evidencias. Las investigaciones en torno a las características del agente etiológico de la COVID-19, a su desarrollo epidemiológico y clínico, y sobre posibles herramientas terapéuticas ha avanzado a una velocidad extraordinaria, nunca antes vista. La información científica disponible se ha ido, pues, generando al mismo tiempo que los acontecimientos y actualizando dinámicamente.
UMA ANÁLISE VARIACIONISTA DA COLOCAÇÃO DOS PRONOMES CLÍTICOS NO PORTUGUÊS FALADO EM LUANDA-ANGOLA
Authors: Alves da Silva Manoel Crispiniano
Published: January 2021

Com base na Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 2008 [1972]), e na perspectiva do contato, este estudo apresenta a ordem da colocação dos pronomes clíticos em lexias verbais simples na norma culta e popular do português falado em Luanda, capital de Angola. Para isso, utilizamos o corpus formado por 24 entrevistas sociolinguísticas do projeto “Em busca das raízes do português brasileiro”, sediado na Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. A fim de testar a correlação das variáveis independentes com a variável dependente, utilizamos, para esse fim, o programa computacional GoldvarbX (SANKOFF; TAGLIAMONTE; SMITH, 2005). Assim, os dados de Luanda, devidamente levantados e analisados, serviram de base para investigar as aproximações e os distanciamentos dessa variedade com o português brasileiro (PB). Desse modo, esta pesquisa buscou contribuir com o debate sobre a relevância do contato entre línguas na formação sócio-histórica do PB, no sentido que busca investigar um fenômeno variável na língua portuguesa falada em uma ex-colônia de Portugal. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a colocação pré-verbal apresentou uma maior frequência, perfazendo uma frequência de 75% de um total de 507 ocorrências, não havendo registros de mesóclise no corpus. Nesse sentido, no que tange ao fenômeno em foco, nota-se uma aproximação entre o PB e o português angolano (PA). O programa Goldvarb X selecionou como favorecedora da implementação da próclise as variáveis linguísticas “tipo de oração”, “clítico” e “elemento que antecede o verbo”. E, em relação às variáveis extralinguísticas, foram selecionadas como estatisticamente relevantes “escolaridade” e “local de nascimento”.
MEMES E GIFS COMO FERRAMENTAS DE APRENDIZAGEM CRÍTICA DA LEITURA E DA ESCRITA
Authors: Conde Érica Pires , Soares Maria Vilani
Published: January 2021

A realidade vivida no ciberespaço nem sempre invade a sala de aula, passando a impressão de que o ambiente real e o virtual não são usados concomitantemente por professores e alunos. Partindo desse pressuposto, indagamos: De que maneira os Memes e os GIFS contribuem para o ensino e aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita em língua portuguesa? Foram nossos objetivos específicos: analisar memes e GIFS; defender a presença desses gêneros digitais na aula de língua portuguesa e destacar a importância de ações pedagógicas com a leitura e produção de texto, mediante o uso desses textos. A pesquisa realizada tem caráter qualitativo. Embasamos nosso estudo em autores como Marcuschi (2008), Fiorin (2008), Bazerman (2011), Rojo e Barbosa (2015), Lupinacci (2016), Escalante (2016), Massaruto,Vale e Alaimo ( 2017), além de outros. O resultado mostra a importância de o professor de língua portuguesa fazer uso de Memes e de GIFS, em sala de aula, uma vez que viabilizam a criação de leitores e produtores de textos críticos.
Printable Table of Contents. IJDS, Volume 16, 2021
Authors: Jones Michael
Published: January 2021

Table of Contents for Volume 16, 2021, of the International Journal of Doctoral Studies
THE STAFFING ISSUE OF THE SOVIET ATOMIC PROJECT
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the RAS, Mel'nikova Natal'ya N.
Published: January 2021

The article describes the personnel filling of the Soviet atomic project at various stages of its implementation. The focus is on the scientists, technologists, engineers, technicians and workers of the research and industrial «atomic» objects. The special contingent and military builders used in construction have been taken out of the framework of the analysis: their involvement was based on other principles and should be studied separately. The study is based on declassified archival materials, published documents and memoirs. For the first time in historiography, the author shows the dynamics of the project’s personnel recruitment – from unsuccessful efforts to catch some necessary specialists to the mass replenishment of highly qualified personnel. It is established that such a process (especially at the stages of the project formation) was difficult and ambiguous. The solution of the personnel issue depended on the degree of state interest in the project and its status. Systematic and largescale personnel filling of the project became feasible only in connection with its activation in 1945 and the emergence of special (non-governmental and inter-ministerial) administrative bodies. Contrary to the opinions prevailing in the literature about the illimitable possibilities of “atomic” mobilization, its limits are shown both in cases of personified and collective recruitment.
THE SOCIAL ORPHANAGE IN MEXICO
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Pyatygina Dar'ya A.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of social orphanage registered in Mexico, its importance for the state. Social orphanage is a phenomenon, which is commonly found in countries characterized by social and political lack of stability caused by different reasons. In the paper the concept of social orphanage in Mexico is revealed, causes of the scale of the problem are given, the role of the country and international organizations in the children rights protection and their cooperation. The directions are questioned for getting out of the current situation.
BOOK REVIEW: BARYSHEVA, E.V. (2020), "IN A CHEERFUL ROAR, IN FIRE AND RINGING". A SOVIET HOLIDAY IN THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW SOCIETY, RGGU, MOSCOW, RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Gaetskii Maksim A.
Published: January 2021

The review considers the monograph by E.V. Barysheva on the role of the Soviet holiday culture in construction of a new type of society. It analyzes how the researcher reflected the ideological, social, psychological and cultural aspects of the state holiday, traced a retrospective of its development in the 1920s – 1930s, and also reveal the attitude of the authorities to cultural events of that time. The elaboration degree of the issue posed by the researcher is thoroughly investigated. This review analyzes the content of the archival and published data taken by E.V. Barysheva to study the issue. Moreover, it studies the goals and objectives that, according to the scientist, pursued the Soviet government during large-scale public holidays. It is revealed to what extent the monograph traces the formation of traditions in holding Soviet holiday processions, rallies and parades in 1920–1930, as well as the process of institutionalization of state regulation of holidays. The author reviews a separate place in the work of E.V. Barysheva related to studying the festive topography of the Soviet city in the 20s – 30s. of the 20th century and the population attitude to the Soviet holidays. The review shows how profoundly the scientist disclosed the reaction of society of a specified period to the public holidays hold.
THE PROBLEM OF ADAPTATION OF THE RUSSIAN EMIGRANTS OF THE FIRST WAVE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA: THE LANGUAGE ASPECT
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Gorokhova Mariya E.
Published: January 2021

Nowadays there exist many works dedicated to the Russian Abroad and its multifaceted cultural heritage. The Russian documentary historical and cultural legacy brought by Russian emigrants is the most striking evidence of the spirituality of the Russian emigration; it also demonstrates its significance in preserving the national unity in the emigrant community. Moreover, by reviewing those sources, we can evaluate the role of the Russian emigration in maintaining the historical traditions of the Russian Diaspora. This article will analyze the data connected with the language adaptation of the Russian emigrants of the first wave in the First Republic of Czechoslovakia; it is this aspect that can allow us a deeper look at all the aspects of emigration, as well as provide a possibility to learn about the everyday life of our compatriots in a foreign land. The aim of the research is to study the linguistic adaptation of the Russian emigrants in Czechoslovakia in the interwar period, to reveal their attitude towards the necessity to learn the Czech and Slovak languages and to analyze the methods of mastering those languages. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that not all emigrants wanted to learn the Czech and Slovak languages; they did not see any need for that, since they were confident they would return to their motherland. However, over time and with no hope of returning, the emigrants who had remained in Czechoslovakia started displaying a growing interest in learning the language and culture of the host country that was to become their second motherland.
IRAN'S ACCESSION TO THE SCO: ENERGY AND SOCIO-POLITICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Ebrahimitorkaman Ali
Published: January 2021

The article covers the history of founding the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the interaction of Iran and this organization, as well as the prospects and benefits that Iran will receive if it joins it. The author supposes that if such a union happens, among the advantages and benefits of Iran in foreign policy there will be overcoming of isolation on the international arena, the ability to successfully resist the Western pressure, strengthening of peace, security and good neighborliness in the vast region of Eurasia, as well as intensifying of political and economic relations with the culturally close states of Central and South Asia. Furthermore, Iran’s entry into the organization will bring about its economic stabilization: Iran will have the opportunity to increase exports of its main source of income – oil, and begin to actively export its goods to the member countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. This will lead to a significant increase in the standard of living within Iran, as well as to an increase in its economic power, and therefore to its political weight in the region and the world.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THINK TANKS IN THE U.S. IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: THE POLITICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Shchetinskaia Iana V.
Published: January 2021

Research institutions and specifically think tanks have existed and developed in the United States for more than 100 years. Since their inception, they have changed and evolved in many ways, while expanding their research foci and political impact. Since the 2010s, a few experts in the field have observed that the U.S. policy expertise is now in crisis. To understand current challenges of policy analysis institutions it is important to study them in a historical retrospective. This article explores the political and socioeconomic contexts in which think tanks emerged and developed from 1910 to the 1950-s. It particularly examines the role of international crises, as well as domestic political factors, such as the role of philanthropy organizations, institutional changes in the government, and others. It discusses how these domestic and foreign policy aspects affected the early development of the Carnegie Endowment for the International Peace (1910), the Council on Foreign Relations (1921) and the RAND Corporation (1948).
Humanitarian of modern legal understanding
Authors: Sigalov Konstantin
Published: January 2021

The author tries to prove in this article that humanitarian knowledge allows a person to understand how diverse the world of law is, what are the real problems of modern legal understanding, and how to behave in a world where the old established stereotypes are collapsing, where law cannot meet the challenges of a politicized era.
Child-friendly Justice: Substantive Characteristics
Authors: Efimova Nadezhda
Published: January 2021

This article explores the concept of child-friendly justice and its main characteristics. The article analyzes the regulatory framework for the introduction of the term "child-friendly justice" that exists in national and international legislation. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights is summarized, and the main characteristics of friendly justice are characterized. At the end of the article is concluded that the concept of child-friendly justice is the unique and universal for the development of approaches to protecting children’s rights in different types of legal proceedings and development of uniform standards for implementation of their interests.
The use of inventive activity results in the work of Department of Orthopedic Denticity: digital and additive technologies
Authors:   ", Klyomin V.A. ,   Donetsk National Medical University named after M. Gorky", Korzh V.I. ,   "Donetsk National Medical University named after M. Gorky", Kalinovsky D.K. ,   "Donetsk National Medical University named after M. Gorky", Korzh D.V. ,   Intana LLC
Published: January 2021

Introduction. We examined the results of scientific activity of the department of orthopedic denticity of Donetsk National Medical University on invention and digital technologies for 2020, as well as the possibility of their implementation in the educational process and industrial practice. All developments relate to the field of orthopedic dentistry and are intended for dental prosthetics. Aim. To analyze the possibility of using the inventive activity results in the work of the department of orthopedic dentistry in teaching the discipline «Clinical orthopedic dentistry». Materials and methods. We proposed several developments, the main purpose of which was the use of digital technologies in dental prosthetics with removable dentures. Results. Scientific developments were introduced into the educational process of the department in field of teaching the discipline «Clinical orthopedic dentistry». Certain techniques are also tested in dental facilities of various forms of ownership. Conclusion. We noted that the consideration and analysis of new developments in the relevant classes, the comparison of their effectiveness with existing analogues arouses interest among students, and in result, stimulates students to rationalization and inventive activity. The results of such work can be realized both during the educational process and during practical training.
Remote screening of athletes' condition dynamics based on the analysis of cardiointervalograms using the Dirichlet distribution
Authors:   «Volga Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Levanov V.M. , Ilyakhinsky A.V. ,   Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Mukhina I.V. ,   «Volga Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Pakhomov P.A. ,   LLC «Scientific Research Center ATENON»; Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2021

Health of people involved in sports is an important social problem and requires modern methods of control, including directly during training and competitions. The article discusses the possibilities of a diagnostic method based on the assessment of heart rate variability. Unlike most of the methods used, the analysis is based on the fact that complex multi-level hierarchically organized systems can be described in the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, in particular, the statistical Dirichlet distribution model. The authors propose a system of indicators that allow remote monitoring of the current state of the body, describe hardware and software solutions, and consider the prospects for using the proposed method in sports medicine.
Automation of COVID-19 detection in pregnant womens
Authors:   Regional children's clinical hospital, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Ankudinov N.O. , Zilber N.A. ,   Ministry of health of the Sverdlovsk region; Yekaterinburg, Russia, Sitnikov A.F. ,   Center of Nuclear Medicine; Yekaterinburg, Russia
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In the article we discuss the use of information technology in obstetric care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was reached by continuous monitoring of all cases of upper respiratory infection in pregnant women, women in labor and postpartum women in each specific medical organization and in the whole Sverdlovsk region with subsequent information digiti- zation and automated analysis of different COVID – 19 forms: suspicious, probable and confirmed. Materials and methods. «Regional obstetric monitoring (AIST «ROM») digital system was used for automated COVID-19 diagnosis in pregnant women, women in labor and postpartum women, as well as for detection of suspicious cases. AIST «RAM» allows to analyze patient’s epidemiological data and objective indicators of their physical status and automatically generate signal information. Results. The automatic analysis of the data on the COVID-19 situation in the region is implemented. A register of pregnant patients with COVID-19 is being formed, taking into account the severity of the disease and gestation time. A situational awareness is main- tained using the algorithms of AIST «ROM»: each participant of the process receives information about patient’s condition and his passage through the routing stages. Conclusions. A database, containing information about pregnant and postpartum women, who have COVID-19, is created. This data could be used in further large-scale studies.
The Isolation and Identification of Active Compound of Dendrophthoe praelonga (Blume) Miq. Extract Against Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7)
Authors: Junedi M Irfan , Hendig Winarno  , Hanafi Muhammad , Artanti Nina
Published: January 2021

Petai mistletoe (Dendrophthoe praelonga (Blume) Miq) is semi-parasitic plant. Parasite plant has been used traditionally in Indonesia to prevent or treat degenerative diseases, such as cancer. The purpose of this study was to indentify anticancer compound of petai mistletoe leaves extract and to examine its antioxidant activity (based on DPPH method) and cytotoxic activity on breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines in vitro using Alamar blue method. This research aims to isolating, characterize, determine antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity. Separation was conducting column chromathography and characterize was conducted using TLC, FT-IR, LC-MS and NMR-1D. From the result obtained, the isolated compound is flavonol quercetine (3,3,7,3’,4’ pethahydroxyflavone) which active antioxidant with IC50 value of 9.4 μg/mL and the value of cytotoxic activity with IC50 750.62 μg/mL
Effect of Seaweed Ethanol Extract on Cholesterol Levels and Obesity in White Rats
Authors: Magfirah  , Indah Kurnia Utami  , Syafika Alaydrus
Published: January 2021

Seaweed (EucheumaCottonii J. Agardh) is one of the biological resources found in coastal and marine areas. Seaweed contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols and tannins which can reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. This study aims to determine the effect of seaweed ethanol extract on reducing cholesterol and obesity levels by comparing plasma cholesterol levels, body weight, and weight of vital organs (liver, kidneys and jantumg) of obese rats, mice given seaweed ethanol extract with normal mice . Rats were grouped randomly into 6 groups. group one was given 0.5% CMC Na, group two was given high fat diet food, group three was given simvastatin, group four was given seaweed ethanol extract 100 mg / kgbb, group five was given ethanol extract of seaweed 200 mg / kgbb and group six was given ethanol extract of seaweed 300 mg / kg with a long suspension of extract for 14 days. Measurement of cholesterol levels in the blood using the CHOD-PAP method, body weight and organs carried out by weighing. The results showed that seaweed ethanol extract has the effect of inhibiting an increase in plasma cholesterol levels and has anti-obesity potential at a dose of 300 mg / kgbb.
Profile of Micro, Small, and Medium Industrial Herbal Medicine Products in Sukoharjo Regency
Authors: Batubara Irmanida , Purnaningsih Ninuk , Mawasti Titi
Published: January 2021

Sukoharjo is one of the districts in Central Java that has a large number of herbal medicine entrepreneurs, including many small and medium industries. This small and medium industry needs to improve the quality of product safety. Therefore, this study aims to obtain the profile of small and medium industry herbal medicine products in Sukoharjo Regency. A total of 6 types of products (candy (1), mixture (3), extract (1), and tea (1)) were collected and the uniform weights, water content, organoleptic, hazardous metal content and microbiological safety were determined. The results showed that the product had fulfilled the water content, lead, cadmium, and arsenic content, and fulfilled the requirements of total plate count (TPC), coliform, and yeast mold. Product quality still needs to be improved in terms of uniformity of weight and packaging labels. The conclusion of this research is the profile of small and medium industry products in Sukoharjo Regency has met safety requirements but needs to be improved in quality.
Cavernous hemangioma: A rare tumor in the breast region
Authors: Pacheco Eimi Nascimento , Tiedje Amanda Roepke , Simezo Érica Elaine Traebert , Fernandes Bráulio Leal , Heinzen Rebeca Neves
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors rarely located in the breast (incidence of 0.4% to 0.8%). They mainly affect post-menopause women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). These tumors are classified as capillary or cavernous according to the size of vessels involved and can show heterogeneity in imaging tests. Case report: The patient is a woman aged 56 years, G3P3, living in the city of Florianópolis. She has been on HRT, without a family history of gynecological cancer. She reported breast implant and bariatric surgery in 2007. The patient sought medical care due to a tumor in the left breast that she noticed six months before, with slight growth. Physical examination identified a superficial purplish nodule in the left axillary tail, measuring 1.5 cm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intramammary lymph node (BI-RADS 2); mammography (MMG) indicated a 2.4 cm nodule in the left axillary tail (BI-RADS 4), suggesting biopsy; ultrasound (US) identified an irregular peripheral nodule at 2 h on the left, with the same classification. Core biopsy revealed cavernous hemangioma. Mammaplasty was performed with excision of the lesion. Commentaries: In hemangiomas, imaging findings can vary. MMG usually shows an oval or lobular mass, isodense or high-density, and circumscribed margins. The heterogeneity in the US may be related to vascular channels histologically seen in cavernous hemangiomas. MRI characteristics vary according to the possibility of internal thrombosis, but they often include an ovoid mass and circumscribed margins. The MRI report showed no hemangioma; however, MMG and US indicated similar characteristics. Although rare and with a heterogeneous presentation, hemangioma should be remembered as a differential diagnosis since, in addition to its similarities to benign lesions, such as bruises and sebaceous cysts, it can also be mistaken for inflammatory carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ, mimics that have been described in the literature.
Case report: Desmoid tumor of the breast
Authors: Horta Luciana Carvalho , Silveira Fabia Beraldo , Alvarenga Bruno Henrique , Jácome Anna Carolina Pereira , Lima Juliana Cristina de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

Desmoid tumors are neoplasms that originate from fascial or musculoaponeurotic structures, constituted by fibroblast proliferation. It has no metastatic or differentiation potential, but is locally aggressive and has high rates of recurrence even after complete resection. It represents 0.03% of all neoplasms. This study aimed at reporting a rare clinical case of a young patient diagnosed with a desmoid tumor of the breast after a silicone implant surgery.
Encapsulated papillary carcinoma concomitant with axillary metastasis of neuroendocrine carcinoma – case report
Authors: Araujo Juliana Lopes de Aguiar , Sousa Ubiratan Wagner de , Góis Lourdes Maria Dantas de , França Ana Tereza Diniz Marinho de
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma corresponds to approximately 1% of breast tumors. Although rare, it has a good prognosis, slow growth, and a 10-year survival close to 100%. Axillary metastases of non-breast neoplasms are also uncommon, and the coexistence of metastatic non-breast neoplasm in the axilla and another histological type of breast neoplasm is exceedingly rare. Objective: To describe a case of breast neoplasm with axillary metastasis of non-breast disease. Method/Case report: F.R., 95 years old, had a nodule in the left breast (LB) for 1 year, with progressive growth. Examination revealed an irregular nodule in the entire LB with retraction of the papilla, measuring 11x12 cm, and hardened lymphadenopathy of 2 cm in the right axilla. Ultrasound showed a mixed tumor with a multinodular central mass of 18.3x19.7 cm and two enlarged, heterogeneous lymph nodes in the right axilla. Core breast biopsy indicated carcinoma with a papillary growth pattern. She underwent left mastectomy and lymph node excision in the right axilla. Anatomopathological results revealed a 14 cm encapsulated papillary carcinoma with free margins and right axillary lymph node as a high-grade metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. She is on exclusive hormone therapy with tamoxifen. When investigating the primary axillary site, abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed an expansive, predominantly cystic, retroperitoneal formation on the left side, in close contact with the tail of the pancreas, adrenal gland, and left renal vein, pending clarification, probably related to the right axillary lesion. Due to clinical conditions, she continues without a diagnosis for the primary site of axillary metastasis. Results/Discussion: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma is characterized by being solitary, unilateral, of slow growth, with papillary proliferation, central malignancy, surrounded by cystic ductal dilatation. It has a good prognosis and is rarely metastatic. Usually, it presents low or intermediate nuclear grade and strong positivity for estrogen receptor. Neuroendocrine tumors are a relatively rare group of neoplasms in any part of the body, occurring in the digestive tract in 62%–82% of cases. They can be asymptomatic or have symptoms associated with the primary tumor or metastasis. They are a heterogeneous group, often found in the retroperitoneum, abdominal lymph nodes, and mediastinum, usually have multiple metastases, and their primary site is hard to identify. Axillary metastases are uncommon, mainly coexisting with breast neoplasm of good prognosis. Conclusion: The rarity of axillary metastasis of neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with the good prognosis of encapsulated papillary carcinomas gives scientific importance to the current case since its axillary approach allowed reaching an unlikely diagnosis of neoplasm with uncommon metastatic site.
Simple breast cyst with an atypical outcome
Authors: Oliveira Idam de , Mendes Talita Aparecida Riegas , Watanabe Anapaula Uema Hidemi , Silva Vinicius Duval da , Vieira Rene Aloisio da Costa
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of epidermal keratinocytes, which rarely affects the breast, representing 0.1% to 2% of all types of breast cancer, and belonging to the heterogeneous group of metaplastic breast carcinomas. Clinically, it is associated with large tumors, tending toward cystic degeneration, with skin invasion and ulceration, and no specific radiological characteristics. It is also associated with a proliferative nature (Ki67) and triple-negative tumors. The prognosis is bleak, with a mean 5-year survival of 50% to 63%. Case report: A female patient, 37 years old, receiving palliative chemotherapy for stage IV endocervical adenocarcinoma (pT3 pN1 M1 – pleura) complained of a tumor in her left breast, with growth in the prior month. Physical examination revealed a palpable, mobile tumor in the central region of the left breast, measuring 11x9.5 cm, and with soft consistency. Mammography identified a regular, well-defined nodule in the left breast (BI-RADS 0). Breast ultrasound (BUS) indicated a simple cyst, with thin and regular walls, without a solid parietal component, measuring 7.6x5.2x4.3 cm. She underwent a BUS-guided relief biopsy of the cystic lesion with total removal of the lesion. Twenty days later, local recurrence occurred, and the lesion was drained again. Culture and cytology were negative for malignancy. She continued receiving chemotherapy. Eight months after the onset of symptoms, at the end of chemotherapy, and with no palpable lesion in the left breast, BUS revealed a simple 2.6 cm cyst, with no sign of flow on the Doppler study, and the patient was submitted to excision of cystic lesion guided by radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL). Anatomopathological results indicated triple-negative metaplastic carcinoma, measuring 2.7 cm, with squamous differentiation and free surgical margins. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in the left axilla showed two lymph nodes free of neoplastic involvement. Adjuvant treatment consisted of FAC chemotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy. Currently, at 18 months of follow-up, she has no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: Simple breast cysts are benign lesions, with active surveillance, except in the case of recurrence, residual mass after relief biopsy, or presence of bloody fluid in the biopsy material. This report describes a rare case of metaplastic carcinoma, which must be remembered as a differential diagnosis in recurrent breast cyst.
Influence of mammography screening in the treatment of women diagnosed with breast cancer
Authors: Ramos Luiza da Rosa , Carminatti Laura Becker , Ugioni Laura Gazola
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Apart from non-melanoma skin tumors, breast cancer is the most prevalent neoplasm among women in Brazil and worldwide. Breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease, a fact attributed to the plasticity of its cells. Therefore, the stratification of tumors is critical to achieving better clinical outcomes. Breast cancer screening often allows diagnosing the disease in its earlier stages, manifested as smaller tumors, and still without lymph node involvement. The multiple prognostic factors that must be taken into account when considering the eligibility for treatment, such as age, reproductive status, type of cancer, and severity of the disease, make it impossible to establish clear approach guidelines for the disease, given the many different clinical situations. Objectives: To evaluate the influence of mammography screening in the treatment of women with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted with primary and secondary data and a quantitative approach. The research was carried out in a high-complexity hospital in the far-south of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, and assessed patients with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer, from 2012 to 2017, who were on oncological outpatient follow-up. Results: Among the 99 patients analyzed, 58.6% undergo the examination annually, and 49.5% were diagnosed less than 12 months after the last mammography. Stage I diseases were more frequent, corroborating the finding that 74.7% of patients were submitted to conservative surgeries and 68.7% to sentinel lymph node biopsy, instead of more extensive procedures. With respect to the treatment of choice, patients with annual or biennial mammography frequency had surgical and chemotherapeutic outcomes similar to those of women who had no set frequency or who had never had a screening, that is, 72.4% of patients with annual frequency and 100% of patients with biennial frequency were submitted to conservative surgery, as occurred with 85% of patients with no set frequency and 66% of those who had never had the test. Conclusion: Patients who had annual mammographies and those diagnosed less than 12 months after the last mammography presented smaller tumors at diagnosis, but these characteristics did not influence the type of treatment chosen.
Is it necessary to remove intrapapillary ducts in therapeutic mammary adenectomies for breast cancer?
Authors: Heinzen Rebeca Neves , Barros Alfredo Carlos Simões Dornellas de , Carvalho Filomena Marino , Nimir Cristiane da Costa Brandeia Abrahao , Jacomo Alfredo Luiz
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The nipple-areola complex (NAC) has glandular tissue in intrapapillary ducts (IPDs). When the NAC is preserved during mammary adenectomies (MA) for the treatment of breast cancer (BC), this glandular tissue, which is a potential focus of tumor residues, remains. Objective: To estimate the frequency of neoplastic development in IPDs among BC patients treated with MA. Method: After the MA and with evidence of free retroareolar margin through intraoperative examination, the nipple was inverted, and its central portion, where mammary ducts are located, removed. A pointed-tip scalpel was used, preserving a tissue rim of 1.0 to 2.0 mm. The analysis involved 219 cases submitted to this type of surgery in the Clínica Professor Alfredo Barros. In all patients, the distance tumor-NAC was ≥2.0 cm, according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The intrapapillary tissue removed was sent for microscopic examination of sections embedded in paraffin. Results: We found 4 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (none infiltrating) in IPDs (1.19%). Considering only the 217 cases with free retroareolar margin in the definitive examination, the number of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ in IPDs decreased to 2 (0.9%). Conclusion: IPDs are rarely involved in selected cases of MA (distance tumor-NAC≥2.0 cm on MRI and free retroareolar margin). Ideally, they should be removed, especially when the intent is avoiding radiotherapy.
Assessment of prognosis in patients with invasive breast cancer and metastatic sentinel lymph node treated with or without axillary lymphadenectomy
Authors: Sanvido Vanessa Monteiro , Elias Simone , Facina Gil , Nazário Afonso Celso Pinto
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z0011 trial was a landmark in axillary surgical treatment. Its results brought significant contributions to the reduction of the extension of breast cancer surgery. However, this approach was questioned at first. Objectives: To assess the global survival and the locoregional recurrence in patients with metastatic sentinel lymph node biopsy treated with or without axillary lymphadenectomy (AL). Method: A historical cohort study was carried out with patients with primary invasive breast carcinoma and clinically negative axilla who underwent breast-conserving surgery and SLNB between February 2008 and December 2018. Results: We included 415 patients who were submitted to conserving surgery. In 23.3% (97 patients), SLNB was positive, 56 patients were submitted only to SLNB, and 41 patients were treated with AL. The groups were homogeneous regarding the variables: age group (p=0.279), anatomopathological diagnosis (p=0.210), histological grade (p=0.983), hormone receptor expression (p=0.708), HER 2 expression (p=0.695) and pT (p=0.334). Global survival, in the mean period of 5 years, was 80.1% in the SLNB group, and 87.5% in the AL group (p=0.376). The locoregional recurrence was a rare event; in the mean period of 5 years, there was 1.8% in the SLNB group, and 7.7% in the AL group (p=0.196). Only 4 locoregional recurrences were described, and all took place in up to 18 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Global survival and locoregional recurrence in patients with metastatic axillary sentinel lymph node treated only with sentinel lymph node biopsy did not present differences in relation to patients who underwent axillary lymphadenectomy, which corroborates the data from ACOSOG Z0011. The omission of axillary lymphadenectomy and the implantation of such a practice in our service benefitted the patients treated with less aggressive surgery, and, potentially, with lower morbidity.