bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-171: Assessing the impact of PIK3CA mutation on the three-dimensional organization of chromatin
Authors: Miranda Adam X. , Park Ben H. , Hodges Emily
Published: September 2020

Background: Three-dimensional organization of chromatin within the nucleus is an important and dynamic regulator of cellular transcription. Changes in chromatin topology are implicated in processes like cell differentiation and cell fate decisions, but have been largely unstudied with regards to mutations and cancer cell transformation. Our goal is to assess the changes in chromatin topology that occur in response to a single oncogenic mutation and how these changes may influence cancer cell transformation.

Methods: Using AAV-mediated homologous recombination, a E545K “hotspot” PIK3CA mutation was incorporated into MCF10A breast epithelial cells and conversely, corrected back to wild-type in MCF7 breast cancer cells that natively harbor a E545K PIK3CA mutation. To interrogate the chromatin topology of these cell lines and the unmodified versions we will use a technique called tethered chromosome conformation capture (TCC). TCC maps chromatin topology by combining the proximity ligation of interacting DNA segments with next generation sequencing to create a matrix of interacting DNA elements. We can analyze and overlay these matrices to look for significant differences in topologically associating domains (TADs).

Results: Preliminary results comparing MCF7 parental cells and MCF7 cells with the PIK3CA exon 9 mutation corrected suggest rearrangement of TADs at many key cancer-associated genes. One of these rearrangements is the formation of a de novo TAD on chromosome 10 near PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene that acts antagonistically to PIK3CA. Rearrangement of chromatin topology at this locus could lead to downregulation of a negative actor on this pathway further stimulating downstream elements of the PIK3CA pathway.

Conclusions: Oncogenic mutations can cause changes that can have a drastic impact on transcription. Rearrangement of chromatin topology is a key mechanism by which the transcriptional program of a cell can be modified. Our experiments reveal key sites of chromatin rearrangement caused by a single oncogenic mutation that may promote a cancer phenotype in our cells. We plan to investigate the degree to which the expression of PTEN is altered by chromosomal rearrangements as well as perform CRISPR-KO of the interacting loci to determine the transcriptional effect of removing the loop. These assays will also be conducted for other sites of chromatin rearrangement. Results from these experiments will reveal the influence oncogenic mutations may have on chromatin topology and expression.

Citation Format: Adam X. Miranda, Ben H. Park, Emily Hodges. Assessing the impact of PIK3CA mutation on the three-dimensional organization of chromatin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-171.
Abstract LB-180: A human breast cancer 3D spheroid platform for microscopy based high throughput screening
Authors: Rines Christine Gjerdrum , Gordon Kara , Basa Ranor , Smith Alyson , Oshima Robert , Farhy Chen , Terskikh Alexey , McDonough Patrick , Price Jeffrey
Published: September 2020

Breast cancer (BC) tumors originate in epithelial cells and rank second as a cause of cancer-related death in women (in 2020, ~270,000 women will be diagnosed, and 42,000 women will die from this disease in the USA). While important progress has been made on new treatments there is an urgent need to discover new therapeutics. We aim to discover therapeutics that elicits differentiation of BC tumor cells towards a phenotype that ceases proliferation and/or becomes more sensitive to therapeutic drugs. Also, since current high-throughput breast cancer drug discovery screens use conventional 2D cell cultures that do not fully represent the complex microenvironments of tumors in patients and often fail to predict clinical efficacy we are using 3D spheroids to better represent patient tumors. To identify potential therapeutic agents, we will quantify effects of test compounds on epigenetic markers (histone methylation/acetylation) within the nuclei of the tumor cells utilizing the Microscopic Imaging of Epigenetic Landscape (MIEL) assay developed by Alexey Terskikh's laboratory at SBP. The changes in epigenetics occur more rapidly than phenotypic changes resulting from differentiation which enables more rapid screening to identify potential therapeutic agents. Here we show that treating 2D cell cultures of the breast cancer cell line MCF7 with Tamoxifen, DPPE or E2 elicit changes in the epigenetic landscape. These epigenetic changes concur with increase in lipid droplet formation (a feature that is linked to milk-producing breast epithelium), and demonstrates that MIEL can be used as a readout of differentiation status. We are developing protocols to image breast cancer 3D spheroids on Vala Sciences' IC200 Structured Illumination Microscopy (IC200-SIM™ workstation). The SIM™ uses a multi-million array of micro-mirrors to achieve confocal resolution with rapid image acquisition, suitable for high throughput screening of spheroids cultured in the 96- or 384-well format. We envision that when developed, the MIEL-Breast Cancer Differentiation (MIEL-BCD) assay will be used to screen large chemical libraries (e.g., libraries with 100,000 different chemical entities) to identify compounds that promote differentiation of breast cancer cells to non-tumorigenic cells.

Citation Format: Christine Gjerdrum Rines, Kara Gordon, Ranor Basa, Alyson Smith, Robert Oshima, Chen Farhy, Alexey Terskikh, Patrick McDonough, Jeffrey Price. A human breast cancer 3D spheroid platform for microscopy based high throughput screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-180.
Abstract LB-216: Frequent oncogenic tyrosine kinase gene fusions in supratentorial glioblastomas of young children
Authors: Pietsch Torsten , Vokuhl Christian , Gielen Gerrit H. , von Bueren Andre O. , Dörner Evelyn , Kristiansen Glen , Waha Andreas , Kramm Christof
Published: September 2020

Glioblastoma in infancy and early childhood is characterized by a more favorable outcome compared to older children. We have shown in previous studies that these tumors are characterized by a stable genome. The occurrence of tyrosine kinase gene fusions in glioblastomas of infancy may represent therapeutic targets. 50 glioblastomas (GBM) with supratentorial location occurring in children younger than four years were retrieved from the archives of the Brain Tumor Reference Center, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Germany. DNA and RNA were extracted from FFPE tumor samples. Gene fusions were identified on the DNA level by FISH using break-apart probes for ALK, NTRK1, -2, -3, ROS1 and MET and Molecular Inversion Probe (MIP) methodology. For the detection of fusions on the RNA level, targeted RNA sequencing was performed as well as Nanostring-based detection with probes specific for recurrent fusions. 37 supratentorial GBM occurred in the first year of life, 13 GBM between one and four years. 18 cases showed fusions of ALK to different fusion partners; all occurred in the first year of life (18/37 cases, 48.6%). Fusions of ROS1 were found in 5, MET in 3, NTRK1, -2, -3 in 10 cases. 12 cases showed no and two novel fusions. The different methods led to comparable results. Only recurrent fusions with known fusion partners were detectable with probes designed for the fusion sequence, and library construction for targeted RNA sequencing was not successful in a fraction of cases. Break-apart FISH led to reliable results on the next day, and MIP technology represented the most sensitive method for analysis of FFPE samples. Gene fusions involving the tyrosine kinase genes ALK, MET, ROS1 and NTRK1, -2, -3 occurred in 72% of glioblastomas of children younger than four years; the most frequent were ALK fusions occurring in infant GBM. DNA based MIP technology represented the most robust and sensitive assay.

Citation Format: Torsten Pietsch, Christian Vokuhl, Gerrit H. Gielen, Andre O. von Bueren, Evelyn Dörner, Glen Kristiansen, Andreas Waha, Christof Kramm. Frequent oncogenic tyrosine kinase gene fusions in supratentorial glioblastomas of young children [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-216.
Abstract LB-301: Oncorequisite role of an aldehyde dehydrogenase in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: ZHANG CHUJING , Amanda Stella , Wang Cheng , Tan Tze King , Muhammad Zulfaqar Ali , Leong Wei Zhong , Ng Ley Moy , Kitajima Shojiro , Li Zhenhua , Yeoh Allen Eng Juh , Tan Shi Hao , Sanda Takaomi
Published: September 2020

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) have been implicated as a stem cell marker both in normal and malignant cells. Elevated ALDH activity is associated with the stemness capability as well as the drug resistance in various cancers. As a notable example, ALDH1A2, one of ALDH family genes, is ectopically overexpressed in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), an aggressive hematological disease that results from malignant transformation of T-cell progenitors. However, its roles and molecular functions in T-ALL pathogenesis are poorly understood. In our study, we demonstrated that the oncogenic transcription factor TAL1 directly induces an expression of ALDH1A2 in T-ALL cells, while normal T-cells do not express this gene. The TAL1 transcriptional complex binds to an intragenic regulatory element of ALDH1A2 and aberrantly activates the alternative promoter of the short isoform, which is specific to T-ALL cells. Using in vitro enzymatic assay, we found that the short isoform still retain enzymatic activity in catalyzing the oxidation of aldehydes. Importantly, ALDH1A2 promotes the viability and survival of T-ALL cells. Unbiased gene expression and metabolome profiling demonstrated that ALDH1A2 promotes glycolysis and mitochondria respiration, thereby supporting energy production. Additionally, expression of the short ALDH1A2 attenuated the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, forced expression of short ALDH1A2 in T-cells increased overall penetrance of T-cell malignancy induced by the AKT2 oncogene in a zebrafish model. Taken together, our data suggests that ALDH1A2 is crucial and advantageous for T-ALL cell viability and survival by mediating energy production and by protecting cancer cells from oxidative stresses, thus serving as a requisite to maintain the hyperproliferative state of T-ALL cells (“onco-requisite”).

Citation Format: CHUJING ZHANG, Stella Amanda, Cheng Wang, Tze King Tan, Zulfaqar Ali Muhammad, Wei Zhong Leong, Ley Moy Ng, Shojiro Kitajima, Zhenhua Li, Allen Eng Juh Yeoh, Shi Hao Tan, Takaomi Sanda. Oncorequisite role of an aldehyde dehydrogenase in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-301.
Abstract LB-381: Mitigating on-target off-tumor cytotoxicity of EpCAM CAR-T by affinity tuning
Authors: Yang Huan , Puc Janusz , Yang Yanping , McCloskey Jaclyn E. , Vedvyas Yogindra , Li Hongtao , Min Irene M. , Jin Moonsoo M. , Hofe Eric v.
Published: September 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown robust anti-cancer responses in hematologic malignancies. However, application of this therapeutic approach to solid tumors has been hindered by multiple challenges, one of which is on-target/off-tumor cytotoxicity to normal tissues. Tumor-specific antigens exclusively present on tumor cells are rare. Most CAR-T cells are designed to target tumor associated antigens (TAAs) expressed in high levels on tumor cells. Yet, normal tissues express these antigens as well, albeit at much lower densities.To mitigate the on-target/off-tumor cytotoxicity, we developed a strategy for fine tuning the affinity of CARs to selectively target tumor cells.

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is highly expressed in epithelial cells and overexpressed in tumor cells in a variety of epithelial carcinomas. High-affinity (nM range) EpCAM-targeting CAR-T cells kill both normal human epithelial cells and EpCAM-high tumor cells in vitro. To develop CAR-T cells specific to EpCAM-high cancers, we identified low-affinity scFv variants by rational design of amino acid substitutions. The affinities of these scFvs were measured by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). CAR-T cells equipped with low-affinity scFvs showed antigen-dependent activation, proliferation and Th1-like cytokine secretion when co-cultured with target cells having varied levels of EpCAM. Importantly, low-affinity CAR-T cells still lysed EpCAM-high tumor cells but spared normal human epithelial cells in vitro. Treatment of MKN28 xenograft mice with low-affinity CAR-T cells resulted in tumor regression and prolonged survival. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling of CAR-T cells revealed significant differences in gene expression levels between high- and low- affinity CARs, particularly as they relate to the functional state of these CAR-T cells, and their resistance to exhaustion.

Our results show that rational design of scFv can aid in the identification of CARs that are minimally reactive toward normal tissues while effectively eliminating tumors. Furthermore, affinity-tuned CARs demonstrate better overall fitness and antitumor activity in vivo. This affinity fine-tuning approach shows promise as a general strategy for identifying a therapeutic window for CAR-T cells targeting novel TAAs that may have been overlooked because of basal expression levels in normal tissues.

Citation Format: Huan Yang, Janusz Puc, Yanping Yang, Jaclyn E. McCloskey, Yogindra Vedvyas, Hongtao Li, Irene M. Min, Moonsoo M. Jin, Eric v. Hofe. Mitigating on-target off-tumor cytotoxicity of EpCAM CAR-T by affinity tuning [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-381.
Abstract LB-383: An RNA vaccine drives expansion and efficacy of claudin-CAR-T cells against solid tumors
Authors: Reinhard Katharina , Rengstl Benjamin , Oehm Petra , Türeci Özlem , Sahin Ugur
Published: September 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have shown efficacy in patients with B cell malignancies. Yet, their application for solid tumors has challenges that include limited cancer-specific targets and nonpersistence of adoptively transferred CAR-T cells. Here, we introduce the developmentally regulated tight junction protein claudin 6 (CLDN6) as a CAR target in solid tumors and a strategy to overcome inefficient CAR-T cell stimulation in vivo. We demonstrate that a nanoparticulate RNA vaccine, designed for body-wide delivery of the CAR antigen into lymphoid compartments, stimulates adoptively transferred CAR-T cells. Presentation of the natively folded target on resident antigen-presenting cells promotes cognate and selective expansion of CAR-T cells. Improved engraftment of CAR-T cells and regression of large tumors in difficult-to-treat mouse models was achieved at subtherapeutic CAR-T cell doses.

Citation Format: Katharina Reinhard, Benjamin Rengstl, Petra Oehm, Özlem Türeci, Ugur Sahin. An RNA vaccine drives expansion and efficacy of claudin-CAR-T cells against solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-383.
Abstract NG14: Proteome instability is an immunogenic therapeutic vulnerability in mismatch repair deficient cancer
Authors: Sahni Nidhi , McGrail Daniel J. , Garnett Jeannine , Yin Jun , Dai Hui , Shih David J. H. , Peng Guang , Menter David , Yates Melinda S. , Kopetz Scott , Lu Karen , Broaddus Russell , Mills Gordon B. , Lin Shiaw Y.
Published: September 2020

Deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) induces a hypermutator phenotype, leaving a genomic scar known as microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI is observed in approximately 30% of endometrial cancers, 20% of gastric cancers, 15% of colorectal cancers, and in a smaller fraction of other tumor types. This hypermutator phenotype is thought to produce large numbers of immunogenic neoantigens, leading to the approval of MSI status as a clinical biomarker for immunotherapy. However, more than 60% of patients with MSI tumors fail to respond to immune checkpoint therapy. To uncover alternative therapeutic vulnerabilities for these patients, we used transcriptome signature-guided approaches to identify MLN4924 (pevonedistat), a Nedd8-activating enzyme inhibitor, as a potential therapy for dMMR/MSI cancers. We discover that destabilizing mutations from the dMMR mutation process lead to rampant proteome instability in MSI tumors, resulting in an abundance of misfolded protein aggregates. To compensate, MSI cancer cells activate a Nedd8-mediated degradation pathway to facilitate clearance of misfolded proteins, which is blocked by treatment with MLN4924. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in MSI cancer cells following MLN4924 treatment activated the unfolded protein response, promoted immune cell migration, and induced immunogenic cell death. Antitumor vaccination with MLN4924-treated cells stimulated the generation of endogenous tumor antibodies and prevented tumor incidence upon re-challenge. Based on this immunostimulation, we combined MLN4924 with PD1 blockade, finding that the combination increased recruitment of CD8+ lymphocytes and improved therapeutic efficacy beyond either treatment alone. Taken together, our results indicate that targeting proteome instability is a novel therapeutic avenue for MSI patients and may potentiate immune checkpoint blockade, potentially increasing the depth and duration of response, as well as the fraction of dMMR/MSI patients who can benefit.

Citation Format: Nidhi Sahni, Daniel J. McGrail, Jeannine Garnett, Jun Yin, Hui Dai, David J. H. Shih, Guang Peng, David Menter, Melinda S. Yates, Scott Kopetz, Karen Lu, Russell Broaddus, Gordon B. Mills, Shiaw Y. Lin. Proteome instability is an immunogenic therapeutic vulnerability in mismatch repair deficient cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr NG14.
Abstract PL01-01: Personal regulome navigation of cancer
Authors: Chang Howard Y.
Published: September 2020

Cancer is a disease of genes. Yet the elucidation of cancer genomes does not mean we have conquered cancer; the central challenge is in their interpretation. In every human cell, two meters of DNA is packed into a ~10 micron nucleus. The genome is extensively compacted, except for the active regulatory DNA elements that remain accessible. I will describe new technologies based on DNA transposition that reveals the epigenomic profiles of single cells or from clinical biopsies of disease states. The landscape of active DNA regulatory elements are further linked to 3D genome architecture, mutational profiles, and RNA output to reveal the targets of disease associated DNA elements, such as inherited genetic variants or those modified by environmental stimuli. Our analysis of 23 human cancer types reveal nearly half a million active DNA elements across human cancers, disclose oncogenic extrachromosomal DNA, and identify gene-regulatory interactions underlying cancer immune evasion. These results suggest a systematic approach to understanding the noncoding genome in cancer to advance diagnosis and therapy.

Citation Format: Howard Y. Chang. Personal regulome navigation of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr PL01-01.
Likelihood of Distal Ureteric Calculi to Pass Spontaneously: Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis of the Placebo Arm of Randomized-Controlled Trials
Authors: Pearce Emily , Clement Keiran D. , Yallappa Sachin , Aboumarzouk Omar M.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Distal ureteric calculi remain a widely debated topic without clear consensus on expectant management. This systematic review aims to assess the placebo arms of RCTs to extrapolate data on the natural history of distal ureteral stones and ascertain the success rate of expectant management. Methods: A literature search was performed, and 3 reviewers used a predefined inclusion criterion to independently select articles for inclusion. A cumulative analysis was undertaken, and risk of bias assessed using the Cochrane tool. Results: Stone expulsion was recorded in 1,823/2,447 (74.5%) patients overall. The expulsion rate of study participants receiving placebo varied widely from 35.2 to 88.9%. The overall expulsion rate of stones ≤5 mm was 486/561 (87%) as opposed to 814/1,093 (75%) in stones >5 mm in size. Time to stone expulsion varied from 8.54 to 24.5 days. A re rate of 2% was reported. Conclusions: Spontaneous passage of distal ureteric calculi is dependent on stone size and location within the ureter. Provided a patient does not portray symptoms of uncontrollable pain, infection, obstruction, or declining renal function, it is reasonable to trial a period of expectant management. Follow-up should be arranged to ensure symptom resolution, and alternative treatment can be offered if required.
A new hybrid algorithm for solving distribution network reconfiguration under different load conditions
Authors: Muhammed Neda Omar
Published: September 2020

Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR) is a significant problem for
keeping the network running under normal conditions. In this study, for
preventing the premature convergence issue, also to improving the searching
ability of the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) algorithm, chaotic
strategy is incorporating with BPSO algorithm to create a new hybrid
algorithm called Chaotic BPSO (CBPSO). Undeniably, the chaotic strategy
enables the hybrid CBPSO algorithm to slip from the local optima and also to
reach optimal solution in fewer number of iterations compare to BPSO due to
the remarkable behavior and ergodic of the chaos strategy than random
search in BPSO algorithm. The CBPSO algorithm is presented as a
advantageous optimization tool for solving DNR. In this problem, decreasing
of real power loss () is an objective function while node voltage, system
radially and line current have been utilized as a constrains of the system. The
search space in this problem for the presented technique is a group of lines
(switches) that are normally opened or closed. Two types of loads are
presented: the constant and variable loads for testing the efficacy of the
CBPSO method for tackling DNR problem when the load is changes. The
proposed technique is implemented on IEEE Node system by utilizing
R2013b software for verifying the efficacy of CBPSO technique. The
simulation results confirm that technique has high ability in reducing and
raising the voltage profile of the grid compared to and other procedures in
the literature.
A multi-objective optimization-based model for the deployment of reclosers and remote-controlled switches using NSGA2 and entropy weighted TOPSIS method
Authors: Lekbich Anass , Belfqih Abdelaziz , Ouaderhman Tayeb , Zedak Chaimae , Boukherouaa Jamal , El Mariami Faissal
Published: September 2020

Since they are fast, remote-controlled, automated and intelligent, reclosers
and switches are an inevitable solution for improving the reliability of
intelligent electrical distribution networks at optimal cost. However, their
location and coordination have great effects on the protection and automation
strategies of complex electrical distribution networks against multiple
unpredictable faults. Which requires a flexible and multi-criteria optimization
method. In this article, we propose a multi-objective method based on an
analytical model by considering the fault rate, restoration times, outage cost
and coordination between devices. The non-dominated genetic sorting
algorithm II was proposed to obtain the optimal Pareto solutions, and a
technique of performance control by similarity with the ideal solution was
used to classify them. The objective criteria weights are based on the entropy
method which allows solutions to be obtained and better classified with the
minimum of subjectivity. The IEEE33 and IEEE13 bus test networks were
used to verify the method. The results obtained are compared to a binary
multi-objective particle swarm optimization method and the results show that
the proposed method reduces the overall costs, reduces the undelivered
energy of the system and improves the reliability of the service.
Real time modified programmable universal machine for assembly (PUMA) 560 with intelligent controller
Authors: Al Mashhadany Yousif I. , M. Jasim Wesam
Published: September 2020

In this work, the design of an integrated industrial application for use on a
modified PUMA 560 robot arm was presented. The modified PUMA 560 robot
has three joints; two of them are free-moving and the third one is at constant 90-
degree angle. It has three links and two extra Griper links. Each joint was
controlled via a DC motor through a PIC microcontroller. The design and
implementation of modified PUMA 560 with electronic circuits to derive the
motor were used with the robot and the working platform. These electronic
circuits were also used to interface with the computer to control the DC motor
based on the computer orders. The control signals used to control the
application control system and to perform the defined tasks were received from
a remote computer connected via internet. This design has been implemented in
two phases; the first phase was the simulation of the complete control system,
while, the second phase was the practical implementation. The obtained results
were ensured the ability of the proposed system to perform the tasks of many
industrial applications.
Biometric and RFID based authentication system for exam paper leakages detection using IoT technology
Authors: Ann Roseela J. , Godhavari T.
Published: September 2020

Education is the soul of a community; it goes from one generation to another.
Exam is the prime responsibility of an educational framework. The reason
for an examination is to select talented applicants for multiple positions.
Exam is an important aspect of the education system to test students' abilities
online and in oral papers. Every year we receive deferred / canceled exam
messages due to paper leakage. Therefore, we have come up with a
affordable and concise outcome, and we have decided to design and
implement the "Exam Paper Leak Protection Framework", which will be a
much more secure structure depending on the controller. Together with
RFID Reader, Finger prints sensor, Buzzer, LCD, and Wi-Fi module. First,
the university will send a selection sheet to an educational institution
"electronic sealed box" called the "electronic control box". Electronic control
box is a prototype that can be proposed using controller, and the RTC to
display the current date and time. If anybody tries to intrude the box the
buzzer will beep and alert message will be send to the university.
A novel pooling layer based on gaussian function with wavelet transform
Authors: Hamad alhussainy Aqeel M. , D. Jasim Ammar
Published: September 2020

Convolution represent basic layer in the convolutional neural network, but it
can result in big size of the data, which may increase the complexity of the
network. Different pooling methods are used to perform down sample these
data. In this paper, we have proposed a novel pooling method by using
Gaussian function to determine the wavelet filter coefficients . At first, the
basic statistics are determined for each pool size of the signal, then Gaussian
probability distribution function is determined . According to the procedure
of extracting the features , three methods are proposed , the first method is
used the normalized values of basic statistics as wavelet filter to be
multiplied by original signal, the second method used the determined
statistics as features of the original signal ,then multiplied it with constant
wavelet filter based on Gaussian ,while the third method is similar to first
method, except it depend on entire signal instead of each pool size. The
proposed methods are combined with other standard methods such as max
and pooling. The experiments are performed on different datasets , and the
results show that the proposed methods perform or outperform other
methods and can increase performance of the (CNN).
Performance evaluation of wireless data traffic in Mm wave massive MIMO communication
Authors: Al-Heety Ahmed Thair , Tariqul Islam Mohammad , Hashim Rashid Ahmed , N. Abd Ali Hasanain , Mohammed Fadil Ali , Arabian Farah
Published: September 2020

Due to the evaluation of mobile devices and applications in the current decade, a new direction for wireless networks has emerged. The general consensus about the future 5G network is that the following should be taken into account; the purpose of thousand-fold system capacity, hundredfold energy efficiency, lower latency, and smooth connectivity. The massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), as well as the Millimeter wave (mm Wave) have been considered in the ultra-dense cellular network (UDN), because they are viewed as the emergent solution for the next generations of communication. This article focuses on evaluating and discussing the performance of mm Wave massive MIMO for ultra-dense network, which is one of the major technologies for the 5G wireless network. More so, the energy efficiencies of two kinds of architectures for wireless backhaul networks were investigated and compared in this article. The results of the simulation revealed some points that should be considered during the deployment of small cells in the two architectures UDN with backhaul network capacity and backhaul energy efficiency, that the changing the frequency bands in Distribution approach gives the same energy efficiency reached to 600 Mb/s at 15 nodes while the Conventional approach results reached less than 100 Mb/s at the same number of nodes.
Optical repeater for indoor visible light communication using amplify-forward method
Authors: Darlis Arsyad Ramadhan , Jambola Lucia , Lidyawati Lita , Asri Adisty Hanny
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the implementation of an optical repeater for indoor visible light communication using the amplify-forward method was proposed. In indoor, Visible Light Communication (VLC) can occur by transmitting information signals from Lamps as a VLC transmitter toward the VLC receiver as Line-of-Sight (LOS) that is located with only a few meters. In the Non-LOS (NLOS) Communication, the signal will be attenuated, so it needs to amplify to improve good signal quality in a VLC receiver. The optical repeater could be used to improve the signal quality that attenuating due to distance. The audio signal was generated and sent using VLC Transmitter toward the Light Emitting Diode (LED). Then, the electrical signal was converted to become visible light, and it was amplified using an optical amplifier with an amplify-forward method. The signal in the form of visible light that had been amplified would be received by the Photodiode (PD), and the VLC Receiver processed it. The measurement results showed the system that used the optical repeater could improving the distance until 9.5 m with frequency 6000 Hz, where the best signal quality at a frequency of 3000 Hz.  The measurement result showed that the use of repeater components with the amplify forward method for VLC systems, especially in the room, can increase the range until 4.5 m compare without an optical repeater. This result exceeds the minimum distance of an indoor visible light communication system, with an average distance of the roof to the floor is 3.5 m.
A survey on local binary pattern and gabor filter as texture descriptors of smart profiling systems
Authors: Hamad Khaleefah Shihab , Mostafa Salama A. , Mustapha Aida , Samsudin Noor Azah , Nasrudin Mohammad Faidzul , Baz Abdullah
Published: September 2020

With the dramatic expansion of image information nowadays, image processing and computer visions are playing a significant role in terms of several applications such as image classification, image segmentation, pattern recognition, and image retrieval. One of the important features that have been used in many image applications is texture. The texture is the characteristic of a set of pixels that formed the image. Therefore, analyzing such texture would have a significant impact on segmenting the image or detecting important portions of such image. This paper aims to overview the feature extraction and description techniques depicted in the literature to characterize regions for images. In particular, two of popular descriptors will be examined including Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Gabor Filter. The key characteristic behind such investigation lies in how the features of an image would contribute toward the process of recognition and image classification. In this regard, an extensive discussion is provided on both LBP and Gabor descriptors along with the efforts that have been intended to combine them. The reason behind investigating these descriptors is that they are considered the most common local and global descriptors used in the literature. The overall aim of this survey is to show current trends on using, modifying and adapting these descriptors in the domain of image processing.
Laser measured rate equations with various transmission coders for optimum of data transmission error rates
Authors: El-Hageen Hazem M. , Alatwi Aadel M. , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih
Published: September 2020

          

The present study has outlined laser-measured rate equations with various transmission coders for optimum data transmission error rates. Various modulation transmission coders are employed, such as a pulse position modulation coder, a differential pulse intensity modulation coder, and a four band/five band modulation transmission coder, in order to create optimized data rates of up to 40 GB/s for a fiber extension length of up to 100 km. This study has emphasized the important role of pulse position modulation transmission coders, which exhibit superior performance in max. Q parameter and min. data error rates, even for high data rate transmission.  
Optimization of energy consumption and thermal comfort for intelligent building management system using genetic algorithm
Authors: Aswad Mohammed Subhi , Ali Awad Osama , Merhej Radhi Abdulkareem
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a design, simulation and performance evaluation of an optimized model for the Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems using intelligent control algorithm. Fanger’s comfort method and genetic algorithms were used to obtain the optimal and initial values. The heat transmission coefficient between internal and external environments were determined depending on several inputs and factors acquired via supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system sensors. The main feature of the real-time model is the prediction of the internal buildings environment, in order to control HVAC system for indoor environment and to utilize the optimum power consumed depending on optimized air temperature value. The predicted air temperature value and Predictive Mean Vote (PMV) value was applied using intelligent algorithm to obtain an optimal comfort level of the air temperature. The optimized air temperature value can be used in HVAC system controller to ensure that the temperature of indoor can reach a specific value after a known period of time. The use of genetic algorithm (GE) ensures that the used power is well below its peak value and maintains the comfort of the user’s environment.
Real-time switching thirteen-level modified CHB-Multilevel inverter using artificial neural network technique based on selective harmonic elimination
Authors: M.A. Alakkad Moataz , Rasin Zulhani , Rasheed Mohammed , Abd Halim Wahidah , Omar Rosli
Published: September 2020

Recently, global research is giving more attention to the renewable energy sources due to its sustainability and environmentally friendly nature. The necessity of DC to AC conversion to integrate these sources to the well established AC power system create a significant development of multi-level inverter with its advantages of operating at higher rating system with lower component rating as well as better harmonics performance at it output voltage and current. In this research paper, a modified topology of CHB-MLI to provide 13-level output AC waveform is proposed based on the SHE-PWM strategy using the ANN optimization technique. The system modeling is done with Matlab Simulink software and verification are carried out by both simulation and experiment. Results show that the ANN technique able to reduce the THD significantly as the level of waveform is increased as low as 5.16% THD for the 13-level output voltage. Results from the experiment shows a good agreement with the simulation, thus verifying the effectiveness of the proposed ANN technique as an optimization method. 
The simulation analysis of torque ripple reduction by using optimal voltage vector in DTC fed by five-level CHB inverter
Authors: Ahmad Tarusan Siti Azura Binti , Jidin Auzani , M. Jamil Mohd Luqman
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the improvement of torque ripple reduction will be focused based on the optimal voltage vector. This is attained by using five-level CHB inverter that applies in DTC drive control as a proposed method. The analysis is performed and simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink. In order to support the analysis, the comparison is realized between proposed method and conventional method which it applies two-level inverter. It will be analysed at constant torque region or steady-state operation on different range of operating speed which the speed is controlled by adjusting the motor load. Meaning that, the speed controller is neglected during analysis. Nevertheless, the adjustment of motor load must be applicable to the optimal voltage vector. The look-up table of five-level CHB inverter will become a guideline to select the optimal voltage vector. Therefore, it can maintain the simple structure of DTC hysteresis-based that fed by using five-level CHB inverter. As a result, the torque ripple can be minimized and torque capability can be retained even at low operating speed compared to the conventional DTC.
Design of arduino-based loading management system to improve continuity of solar power supply
Authors: Muhardika Muhardika , Syafii Syafii
Published: September 2020

Solar power plants using environmentally friendly technology in the process of harvesting energy from the sun can be a solution to the future electricity crisis so that it has been the most widely developed and reliable alternative. However, the conversion of solar energy depends on the availability and conditions of sunlight. In sunny conditions, the PV system can serve large loads while charging the battery to the maximum. While in cloudy weather conditions or at night, the PV system serves the load and without charge of the battery. The battery will discharge the stored energy until it runs out, and the supply to the load will be cut off before the desired time. Therefore, research on the PV system loading management system is needed to increase the amount of electricity from solar energy and maintain the continuity of electricity supply to the load. The load power management strategy follows the conditions of sunny, cloudy, rainy, or night time by considering the remaining capacity of the battery that can be used. Load installations are designed to consist of low, medium, and high load installations. Simulation results show that the use of PV loading management strategies can increase the operating time of the PV system. When the remaining less than 10% battery capacity and PLN supply is available, the supply will be switched to PLN. The remaining 10% of PV battery capacity could be used to maintain electricity supply to a low load if the PLN supply interrupted. Thus, the use of a loading management strategy will increase the electricity supply from renewable energy and improve the sustainability of electricity supply.
Atenção à saúde de adolescentes no Brasil: scoping review
Authors: Barbiani Rosangela , Schaefer Rafaela , Leal Sandra Maria Cezar , Dalla Nora Carlise Rigon , Lui Lizandro , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Cremonese Luiza , Barreto Camila Nunes , Oliveira Maristela Costa de , Viegas Karin , Farias Elson Romeu
Published: September 2020

(analytical) The study seeks to map the characteristics and trends of scientific production regarding adolescent health care in Brazil. This is a scoping review conducted in 2018 using the BVS, Cochrane, SciELO, Ebsco and Web of Science databases. Original articles with the following populations were included: adolescents, health professionals and/or managers. A total of 72 studies published from 2006 to 2017 were reviewed. The analysis identified seven categories: sexual and reproductive health, risk factors and behaviors, health care and promotion actions, violence, oral health, HIV and mental health. The paper concludes that the conception of adolescence as a phase of human development and as an at-risk population. There are knowledge gap on topics such as lethal violence, social determinants of health and mental and digital health.
Libros recientes de Carles Feixa
Authors: Feixa Carles , Muñoz-González Germán
Published: September 2020

Es 20 de julio y veo en la página del Facebook de nuestro querido doctor Honoris Causa, Carles Feixa, que su libro número 55 acaba de ser publicado: Oltre le bande [Tras las bandas]. Es el primero publicado en italiano, pero no el primero publicado en Italia. Se podría decir que Carles está acostumbrado al olor inconfundible a papel y tinta.

Ambos libros están disponibles en formato digital en las principales plataformas y en la web de la editorial, desde donde puede accederse a los booktrailers con las voces de los protagonistas: https://www.nedediciones.com
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Outpatient Worsening of Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Docherty Kieran F. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Anand Inder , Bengtsson Olof , Böhm Michael , de Boer Rudolf A. , DeMets David L. , Desai Akshay S. , Drozdz Jaroslaw , Howlett Jonathan , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Johanson Per , Katova Tzvetana , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Langkilde Anna Maria , Lindholm Daniel , Martinez Felipe A. , Merkely Béla , Nicolau Jose C. , O’Meara Eileen , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Solomon Scott D. , Tereshchenko Sergey , Verma Subodh , McMurray John J.V.
Published: September 2020

Background:

In the DAPA-HF trial (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure), dapagliflozin, added to guideline-recommended therapies, reduced the risk of mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalization. We examined the frequency and significance of episodes of outpatient HF worsening, requiring the augmentation of oral therapy, and the effects of dapagliflozin on these additional events.

Methods:

Patients in New York Heart Association functional class II to IV, with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and elevation of NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), were eligible. The primary outcome was the composite of an episode of worsening HF (HF hospitalization or an urgent HF visit requiring intravenous therapy) or cardiovascular death, whichever occurred first. An additional prespecified exploratory outcome was the primary outcome plus worsening HF symptoms/signs leading to the initiation of new, or the augmentation of existing, oral treatment.

Results:

Overall, 36% more patients experienced the expanded, in comparison with the primary, composite outcome. In the placebo group, 684 of 2371 (28.8%) patients and, in the dapagliflozin group, 527 of 2373 (22.2%) participants experienced the expanded outcome (hazard ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.65–0.82];
P
<0.0001). Each component of the composite was reduced significantly by dapagliflozin. Over the median follow-up of 18.2 months, the number of patients needed to treat with dapagliflozin to prevent 1 experiencing an episode of fatal or nonfatal worsening was 16. Among the 4744 randomly assigned patients, the first episode of worsening was outpatient augmentation of treatment in 407 participants (8.6%), an urgent HF visit with intravenous therapy in 20 (0.4%), HF hospitalization in 489 (10.3%), and cardiovascular death in 295 (6.2%). The adjusted risk of death from any cause (in comparison with no event) after an outpatient worsening was hazard ratio, 2.67 (95% CI, 2.03–3.52); after an urgent HF visit, the adjusted risk of death was hazard ratio, 3.00 (95% CI, 1.39–6.48); and after a HF hospitalization, the adjusted risk of death was hazard ratio, 6.21 (95% CI, 5.07–7.62).

Conclusion:

In DAPA-HF, outpatient episodes of HF worsening were common, were of prognostic importance, and were reduced by dapagliflozin.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT03036124.
Platelet Reactivity in Hepatitis C Virus–Infected Patients on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Scudiero Fernando , Valenti Renato , Marcucci Rossella , Sanna Giuseppe D. , Gori Anna Maria , Migliorini Angela , Vitale Raffaele , Giusti Betti , De Vito Elena , Corda Giulia , Paniccia Rita , Zirolia Davide , Canonico Mario E. , Parodi Guido
Published: September 2020

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been recognized as a serious and potentially life‐threatening complication of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. High on‐treatment platelet reactivity has been associated with high risk of ischemic events in patients with CAD, but data regarding the association with HCV infection are still lacking. This post hoc analysis aims to assess high on‐treatment platelet reactivity, severity of CAD, and long‐term outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who were infected with HCV.

Methods and Results

Patients with ACS who were infected with HCV (n=47) were matched to patients with ACS and without HCV (n=137) for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and renal function. HCV‐infected patients with ACS had higher levels of platelet reactivity (ADP
10
–light transmittance aggregometry, 56±18% versus 44±22% [
P
=0.002]; arachidonic acid–light transmittance aggregometry, 25±21% versus 16±15% [
P
=0.011]) and higher rates of high on‐treatment platelet reactivity on clopidogrel and aspirin compared with patients without HCV. Moreover, HCV‐infected patients with ACS had higher rates of multivessel disease (53% versus 30%;
P
=0.004) and 3‐vessel disease (32% versus 7%;
P
<0.001) compared with patients without HCV. At long‐term follow‐up, estimated rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and ischemia‐driven revascularization) were 57% versus 34% (
P
=0.005) in HCV‐ and non–HCV‐infected patients with ACS, respectively. In addition, thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major bleeding rates were higher in HCV‐infected patients (11% versus 3%;
P
=0.043) compared with noninfected patients. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that HCV infection was an independent predictor of high on‐treatment platelet reactivity, severity of CAD, and long‐term outcome.

Conclusions

In this hypothesis‐generating study, patients with ACS and HCV infection showed increased on‐treatment platelet reactivity, more severe CAD, and worse prognosis compared with patients without HCV.