bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying Car-Following Dynamics on the Basis of the HighD Dataset
Authors: Kurtc Valentina
Published: June 2020

A large-scale naturalistic vehicle trajectory dataset from German highways, highD, was used to investigate the car-following behavior of individual drivers. These data include trajectories of 110,000 vehicles recorded for a duration of 16.5 h. Solving a nonlinear optimization problem, the intelligent driver model and the optimal velocity model with two leaders in interaction were calibrated by minimizing the deviations between the observed and simulated gaps when following the prescribed leading vehicle. The obtained calibration errors ranged between 5.2% and 6.9%, which were slightly lower than previous findings. This was explained by the shorter highD trajectories, predominantly free-flow traffic, and the good precision metrics of this dataset. The optimal velocity model with multivehicle anticipation resulted in lower calibration errors. This confirmed that natural drivers take into account several leading vehicles ahead. The ratio between interdriver and intradriver variability was investigated by performing global and platoon calibrations. Intradriver variation accounted for a larger portion of the calibration errors than interdriver variation. We analyzed the acceleration time-series of the natural highD and artificial drivers using simulations of two car-following models. A new cumulative measure, proportional to the energy of the follower’s position time-series curve, was calculated both for natural and modeled drivers. Human drivers had higher energy and demonstrated more acceleration fluctuations, sometimes behaving irrationally. In contrast, artificial drivers followed the logical rules incorporated in the model, resulting in a smoother acceleration profile. This led to less fuel consumption and gas emissions.
Investigation of Moisture Damage in Open Graded Asphalt Friction Course Mixtures with Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Slag as Coarse Aggregate under Acidic and Neutral pH Environments
Authors: Pathak Santanu , Choudhary Rajan , Kumar Abhinay
Published: June 2020

Open graded asphalt friction courses (OGAFCs) are specialty asphalt mixtures used to improve skid resistance and surface drainage. OGAFCs have additional benefits of reduced splash and spray, and lower tire–pavement interaction noise. Prolonged exposure to rainwater and load transfer through stone-on-stone contact in OGAFCs demands aggregates that are strong and hydrophobic. Rainwater acidity is expected to affect the aggregate–asphalt bond and thus moisture damage performance of OGAFC. This paper investigates the effect of rainwater acidity on moisture sensitivity of OGAFC mixtures with different aggregate types (natural aggregate, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag, and combinations of both) and modified binder types. For the first time, the present research reports the moisture damage potential of BOF OGAFC mixtures under different moisture conditioning environments created by varying the pH of contact water. With different combinations of BOF slag and natural aggregates (100:0, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 0:100), and binders (polymer and crumb rubber modified), OGAFC mixtures were characterized for moisture damage through tensile strength ratio, wet Cantabro abrasion loss, and modified boiling water tests. Functional aspects of OGAFC mixtures subjected to moisture conditioning under different pH environments were also evaluated through permeability testing. Results showed that an acidic environment exacerbated the moisture damage, however, OGAFC mixtures containing BOF slag showed better performance than the control mixture (with natural aggregates only). Inclusion of BOF slag in OGAFC mixtures enhanced resistance to moisture damage under both pH environments. OGAFC mixes with 100% BOF slag content performed the best considering all moisture damage tests under both conditioning environments.
Computational Fluid Dynamics as a Tool to Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity of Permeable Asphalts
Authors: Fedele Veronica , Berloco Nicola , Colonna Pasquale , Hertrich Ashton , Intini Paolo , Ranieri Vittorio , Sansalone John J.
Published: June 2020

Hydraulic conductivity ( k) is critical for designing permeable pavements for safety and environmental reasons. A novel approach for estimating k is through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applied to permeable asphalt (PA). Specimens of PA are examined in this study to evaluate CFD applicability. Tortuosity, effective porosity, pore size distribution, and specific surface area were determined based on three-dimensional specimen structures reconstructed using x-ray tomography analyses. Using CFD, estimates of k were determined and compared with physical measurements and also with the results obtained from the semi-empirical modified Kozeny-Carman model (KCM). The comparison shows that the numerical simulations with CFD can be a reasonable tool for estimating k and for examining transport of water through PA. Within the constraints of this study, results infer that CFD can provide more representative results for low k in comparison with KCM. For higher k, CFD and KCM results were reasonably comparable.
Predicting Long-Term Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Paving Concrete
Authors: Sabih Gauhar , Tarefder Rafiqul A.
Published: June 2020

The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of concrete is an important parameter that affects the design and performance analysis of concrete pavements. Higher CTE value results in increased curling and related stresses. A 28-day CTE value is used for designing rigid pavements. Though previous studies have revealed that coarse aggregate mineralogy has substantial effects on the CTE value of paving concrete, it is not known yet how CTE value changes with the age of concrete in the long-term. In this study, seven concrete mixes with different coarse aggregate mineralogy are tested in the laboratory and data is analyzed to examine CTE. Results show that limestone has the lowest CTE values compared with other coarse aggregates. Concrete CTE increases from 6.4% to 12.6% as it ages. This increase in CTE may result in increased thermal distresses as concrete pavement ages. Therefore, a single value of 28-day CTE should not be used in the design of concrete pavements. In this study, a prediction model is developed to determine aged CTE incorporating mixture volumetrics and concrete strength properties. The same can be incorporated in Pavement Mechanistic Empirical (ME) Design software to better predict the rigid pavement performance.
Biceps Tenodesis for Superior Labrum Anterior-Posterior Tear in the Overhead Athlete: A Systematic Review
Authors: Frantz Travis L. , Shacklett Andrew G. , Martin Adam S. , Barlow Jonathan D. , Jones Grant L. , Neviaser Andrew S. , Cvetanovich Gregory L.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesion is a common shoulder injury, particularly in overhead athletes. While surgical management has traditionally consisted of SLAP repair, high rates of revision and complications have led to alternative techniques, such as biceps tenodesis (BT). While BT is commonly reserved for older nonoverhead athletes, indications for its use have expanded in recent years.

Purpose:

To determine functional outcomes and return-to-sport rates among overhead athletes after BT for SLAP tear.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed for any articles published before July 2019. The search phrase “labral tear” was used to capture maximum results, followed by keyword inclusion of “SLAP tear” and “biceps tenodesis.” Inclusion criteria included outcome studies of BT for isolated SLAP tear in athletes participating in any overhead sports, not limited to throwing alone. Abstracts and manuscripts were independently reviewed to determine eligibility. When clearly delineated, outcome variables from multiple studies were combined.

Results:

After full review, 8 articles met inclusion criteria (99 athletes; mean age, 19.8-47 years), with baseball and softball players the most common among them (n = 62). Type II SLAP tear was the most common diagnosis, and 0% to 44% of athletes had a failed previous SLAP repair before undergoing BT. Only 1 study included patients with concomitant rotator cuff repair. Open subpectoral BT was most commonly used, and complication rates ranged from 0% to 14%, with wound erythema, traumatic biceps tendon rupture, brachial plexus neurapraxia, and adhesive capsulitis being reported. Combined reported postoperative functional scores were as follows: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, 81.7 to 97; 12-Item Short Form Health Survey physical, 50 to 54; visual analog scale for pain, 0.8-1.5; Kerlan Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic, 66 to 79; and satisfaction, 80% to 87%. The overall return-to-sports rate for overhead athletes was 70% (60 of 86). For studies that clearly delineated outcomes based on level of play/athlete, the combined return-to-sports rate was 69% (11 of 16) for recreational overhead athletes, 80% (4 of 5) for competitive/collegiate athletes, and 60% (18 of 30) for professionals.

Conclusion:

BT in the overhead athlete offers encouraging functional outcomes and return-to-sports rates, particularly in the recreational athlete. It can be successfully performed as an index operation rather than SLAP repair, as well as in a younger patient population. Careful consideration should be given to elite overhead athletes, particularly pitchers, who tend to experience poorer outcomes.
Long-term Results of the Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability in Patients Older Than 40 Years: A Comparison With the Open Latarjet Procedure
Authors: Ernstbrunner Lukas , De Nard Bianca , Olthof Maurits , Beeler Silvan , Bouaicha Samy , Gerber Christian , Wieser Karl
Published: June 2020

Background:

Long-term results of the arthroscopic Bankart repair in patients older than 40 years are unknown and may be favorable in terms of postoperative glenohumeral arthritis as opposed to the long-term results of the open Latarjet procedure in patients older than 40 years.

Purpose:

To analyze our long-term results of the arthroscopic Bankart repair for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in patients older than 40 years of age and to compare these results with previously published long-term results of the Latarjet procedure in a cohort of similar age.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 35 consecutive patients (36 shoulders) with a mean age of 47 years (range, 40-69) at time of the arthroscopic Bankart repair were studied at a mean 13.2 years (range, 8-18) after surgery. Clinical and radiographic results were then compared with those of our previous study of 39 consecutive patients (40 shoulders) of a same age group who had been treated for the same pathology with an open Latarjet procedure.

Results:

Six shoulders (17%) sustained a recurrent shoulder dislocation after a mean 5.3 years; subluxation occurred in 3 shoulders (8%); and apprehension persisted in 3 shoulders (8%). Revision surgery was performed in 8 patients (22%): 2 Bankart and 6 open Latarjet. The relative preoperative Constant score and Subjective Shoulder Value were significantly improved ( P < .001) at final follow-up. Arthropathy of stabilization was advanced in the shoulders of 16 patients (47%) and had progressed by at least 2 grades in 21 patients (62%). There were significantly higher rates of redislocation and subluxation when compared with the open Latarjet procedure (9 vs 3; P = .037), and the mean final Subjective Shoulder Value was significantly lower in the Bankart group (86% vs 91%; P = .011). There were no significant differences in final advanced arthropathy (16 vs 14; P = .334) and revision rates (8 vs 7; P = .409) when compared with the Latarjet procedure.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic Bankart repair for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in patients older than 40 years was associated with reliable pain relief and patient satisfaction similar to that after the open Latarjet procedure. Restoration of stability was significantly less successful and development of arthropathy no better than the open Latarjet procedure in patients older than 40 years.
Radiological Identification of Injury to the Kaplan Fibers of the Iliotibial Band in Association With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Batty Lachlan M. , Murgier Jerome , Feller Julian A. , O’Sullivan Richard , Webster Kate E. , Devitt Brian M.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Recent biomechanical studies have demonstrated that the Kaplan fibers (KFs) of the iliotibial band play a role in the control of anterolateral rotation of the knee. However, controversy exists regarding whether the KFs are injured in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Purpose:

To establish the prevalence of radiological injury to the KFs in the ACL-injured knee; to evaluate the effect of the time interval between injury and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on diagnosis of KF injury; and to assess for any association between KF injury and other qualitative radiological findings.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Preoperative MRI scans were reviewed for 161 patients with ACL injury. Specific diagnostic criteria were developed and applied to identify KF injury. Chi-square testing was performed to look for associations among KF injury, the time from injury to MRI, and associated radiological knee injuries.

Results:

Radiological evidence of KF injury was identified in 30 (18.6%) patients. The diagnosis of KF injury was higher in patients who had MRI scans performed within 90 days of injury as compared with ≥90 days after injury (23.7 vs 6.4%; P = .010). Patients with an MRI diagnosis of KF injury had significantly higher rates of lateral meniscal injury (40% vs 18%; P = .007), posteromedial tibial bone marrow edema (73% vs 44%; P = .003), and injury to the lateral collateral ligament (13% vs 3%; P = .019) or medial collateral ligament (23% vs 8%; P = .019).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of injury to the KF in patients with ACL injury as diagnosed by MRI was relatively low (18.6% of patients). However, the time interval from injury to MRI was relevant to diagnosis, with significantly higher rates of injury identification in patients with early (within 90 days) versus delayed (≥90 days) MRI. KF injury was associated with higher rates of injury to the lateral meniscal and collateral ligaments, as well as posteromedial tibial bone bruising.
Exploiting the optical reflectance behaviour of carbon fibre composites for low-cost inspection and orientations analysis
Authors: Pierce Robert S , Liu Xiaoling
Published: June 2020

This work focusses on understanding and exploiting the optical reflectance behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites for the non-destructive determination of fibre orientation and surface defects. By taking a series of images under different lighting conditions, fibre reflections have been isolated and MATLAB image analysis has been used to calculate the fibre orientations across the surface of the composite. An average peak method has been developed and validated against manual orientation measurements for two different applications: a machined scarf repair surface and a discontinuous fibre composite. The same experimental method and analysis code showed good results for both cases without modification, when at least 16 images with different directional lighting conditions are used. Hence, this low-cost approach can be applied to a diverse range of quality assurance and research applications where fibre orientations or other surface details need to be characterised.
Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students With Learning Disabilities: Building a Framework for Addressing Equity Through Empirical Research
Authors: Trainor Audrey A. , Robertson Phyllis M.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this special series is to augment effective instruction for students with learning disabilities who are also considered culturally, racially/ethnically, linguistically, or otherwise diverse. In this paper, we acknowledge the central focus on technical rigor for the purpose of strengthening causal linkages between instruction and learning, thus enhancing instructional efficacy and accuracy. We also recognize that diminished access to effective instruction has contributed to the marginalization of diverse students. In our response to the articles in this series, we focus on the theorization of equity, articulated to varying degrees, underpinning and uniting these papers. Equity underscores the relevancy both of educational diversity and of research methods aimed toward generalizability. We discuss the implications of simultaneously using tools and methods required for both strengthening the empirical research base and studying systemic inequities inherent in our institutions and research practices.
Clues: Using Generative Strategies to Improve the Science Vocabulary of Secondary English Learners With Reading Disabilities
Authors: Helman Amanda , Dennis Minyi Shih , Kern Lee
Published: June 2020

English learners (ELs) with reading disabilities (RDs) have been among the lowest performers on academic achievement tests that assess vocabulary. To meet academic demands and prepare for college or careers, ELs with RDs clearly need support in terms of vocabulary acquisition; however, relevant research is scarce. This study investigated the effects of the CLUES strategy, a generative vocabulary strategy, on the ability of students to analyze and define unknown science terms relating to biology. The study further evaluated students’ ability to maintain vocabulary gains over time and to generalize the CLUES strategy. The results showed that participants benefited from the use of the CLUES approach to define novel science terms and maintain their ability to use this strategy over time. The participants themselves generally expressed satisfaction with the CLUES strategy and recommended it to their peers.
Sustainable landfill leachate treatment
Authors: Wu Yudi , Wang Boya , Chen Gang
Published: June 2020

Landfilling is one of the most widely used forms of solid waste disposal, yet the management of landfill leachate is challenging because of the complex composition and high contaminant concentration. This study provides an on-site treatment system to treat 500 m3 day-1 of the leachate generated from the Perdido Landfill in Escambia County, Florida. The main concerns of the landfill leachate are ammonium-nitrogen, total dissolved solids (TDS) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) from the long-term monitoring (from September 1999 to May 2015). To target these major contaminants as well as other pollutants, we designed a wetland treatment system by fully utilizing the existing facilities at the Perdido Landfill site. The modified wetland treatment system consists of five components in series: leachate collection/aeration ponds, anaerobic ponds, aerobic ponds, wetlands and limestone filter ponds. The leachate collection/aeration ponds provide functions of nitrification as well as ammonia and CO2 stripping. The following anaerobic ponds focus on nitrogen removal by denitrification. The BOD is removed in the aerobic ponds. The TDS are removed in the wetlands and limestone filter ponds. In the wetlands, 60% of chloride and 40% of other contaminants are absorbed by Parthenium sp. In the limestone filter ponds, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium and iron are removed.
The Times They Are a-Changin': Christian Leadership Over the Last 40 Years
Authors: Drovdahl Robert R. , Jones Galen
Published: June 2020

The article considers a biblical theology of leadership and examines empirical studies of leadership over the past 100 years. Both theological and scientific analyses frame the authors’ reflections on leadership in educational ministry over the past 40 years. Three inter-connected factors shape our understanding of leadership at any given time in history: the importance of a leader’s character; the competencies needed in a leadership role; and the context in which a leader serves.
Latina Mothers’ Awareness of Their Children’s Exposure to Community Violence
Authors: Alers-Rojas Francheska , Jocson Rosanne M. , Cranford James , Ceballo Rosario
Published: June 2020

This study examines (a) the degree of agreement between mother-reported child community violence exposure and children’s self-reports and whether agreement changes over time; (b) whether child gender is associated with mother-child agreement; and (c) whether greater mother-child agreement is concurrently and longitudinally associated with children’s psychological well-being. We conducted secondary data analyses using longitudinal data with a socioeconomically diverse sample of 287 Latino adolescents ( MageW2 = 11.2, 47% girls) and their mothers ( MageW1 = 35.3) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Mother-child agreement about nonexposure to violence was high. However, for violence-exposed children, mothers overestimated exposure in early adolescence and underestimated it in middle adolescence. Mothers had higher violence agreement scores with daughters than with sons. Greater mother-child agreement about witnessing community violence in early adolescence was associated with lower externalizing problems in early and middle adolescence. Agreement about children’s victimization was only concurrently associated with lower externalizing and internalizing behaviors in early adolescence. Developmental changes in adolescent disclosure and parental knowledge of children’s community violence may provide an important point of intervention for addressing the psychological sequelae of violence exposure in early adolescence.
Family and Family-Like Relations for Transnational Migrants: Ideals of Care Informed by Kin, Non-Family, and Religion
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth Bingham , Smith-Morris Carolyn
Published: June 2020

Studies of transnational family formation and care relationships suggest that, while family forms and care values are idealized, they are also negotiated, enacted, and fluid constructs. Strategies of resilience and mechanisms of flexible care achieved by transnational families are fine-tuned under multiple influences. Among these influences are well-known sources such as social networks, as well as less well-understood sources such as religious teachings. We report findings of a 4-month, ethnographic study among Latinx immigrants to the U.S. whose ( n = 14) narratives of family “care” reflect their ideals and simultaneously work to linguistically produce role continuity. Thematic results address three key strategies for achieving this continuity: (1) valuations of flexibility; (2) family-like care by non-family and church members; and (3) commitments to and reliance on new networks, particularly through church relations. We conclude by suggesting how family-like care, such as that from church relations, informs the flexible relational obligations, resources, resiliencies, and values of transnational migrants.
Genetic Associations of Chronotype in the Finnish General Population
Authors: Maukonen Mirkka , Havulinna Aki S. , Männistö Satu , Kanerva Noora , Salomaa Veikko , Partonen Timo
Published: June 2020

Individuals with a later chronotype (evening types) tend to have unhealthier behaviors and increased morbidity and mortality as compared with those with an earlier chronotype (morning types). However, the role of genetics in explaining evening types’ adverse health and health behavior is unclear. Our aim was to study genetic associations of chronotype among 8433 Finns from the cross-sectional National FINRISK 2007 and 2012 studies. First, we studied associations between chronotype and 20 key clock genes with a candidate-gene approach and then performed a full genome-wide association study (GWAS) of chronotype. We also developed a genetic risk score (GRS) for chronotype based on 313 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have previously been associated with chronotype. Chronotype was assessed with a shortened version of Horne and Östberg’s Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (sMEQ), and for comparison, we also used the single self-evaluation question on chronotype from the questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression was used for statistical analysis assuming additive effects. The clock gene analysis revealed 1 independent association signal within NR1D2 (lead SNP rs4131403) that was associated with chronotype ( p < 0.05; as based on both chronotype assessment methods). The GWAS analysis did not yield any genome-wide significant associations ( p > 5 × 10−8). However, higher GRS was associated with evening chronotype ( p < 0.001; as based on both chronotype assessment methods). In conclusion, our findings indicated novel genetic associations between chronotype and the NR1D2 clock gene, which has previously been associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the GRS was able to capture the genetic aspect of chronotype in our study population. These findings expand our knowledge of the genetic basis of chronotype.
Management of Infantile Spasms During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Grinspan Zachary M. , Mytinger John R. , Baumer Fiona M. , Ciliberto Michael A. , Cohen Bruce H. , Dlugos Dennis J. , Harini Chellamani , Hussain Shaun A. , Joshi Sucheta M. , Keator Cynthia G. , Knupp Kelly G. , McGoldrick Patricia E. , Nickels Katherine C. , Park Jun T. , Pasupuleti Archana , Patel Anup D. , Shahid Asim M. , Shellhaas Renee A. , Shrey Daniel W. , Singh Rani K. , Wolf Steven M. , Yozawitz Elissa G. , Yuskaitis Christopher J. , Waugh Jeff L. , Pearl Phillip L.
Published: June 2020

Circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic have mandated a change to standard management of infantile spasms. On April 6, 2020, the Child Neurology Society issued an online statement of immediate recommendations to streamline diagnosis and treatment of infantile spasms with utilization of telemedicine, outpatient studies, and selection of first-line oral therapies as initial treatment. The rationale for the recommendations and specific guidance including follow-up assessment are provided in this manuscript. These recommendations are indicated as enduring if intended to outlast the pandemic, and limited if intended only for the pandemic health care crisis but may be applicable to future disruptions of health care delivery.
Metal spray layered hybrid additive manufacturing of PLA composite structures: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties
Authors: Kumar Ranvijay , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Kumar Raman , Yadav Aniket , Piyush  , Kumar Pawan
Published: June 2020

The fusion of additive layers is the primary concern, which affects the mechanical properties of the three-dimensional printed structures prepared by material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (MEAM) process. To promote the fusion and strength between the thermoplastic layers during MEAM process, the metal spray in between the additive layers is used as a novel approach. In this study, aluminium (Al) spray has been deposited in between the polylactic acid structures to enhance the bonding of the additive layers. The methodology includes deposition of 1, 3 and 5 Al spray layers at periodic time intervals with varying infill percentage (40%, 70% and 100%) and bed temperature (60°C, 80°C and 100°C). The structures have been subjected to flexural testing for investigation of the role of each input process parameter followed by fracture morphology analysis through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results of the study suggested that the maximum flexural strength is possible with five spray layers, 70% infill and 100°C bed temperature.
Improving Medication Adherence in an ACO Primary Care Office With a Pharmacist­Led Clinic: A Report From the ACORN SEED
Authors: Hale Genevieve , Moreau Cynthia , Joseph Tina , Phyu Jessica , Merly Nemesis , Tadros Nicole , Rodriguez Martha M.
Published: June 2020

Background:

As health care moves into the era of value-based medicine, both ambulatory and acute settings are being held accountable for the quality of care provided to patients. Previous studies have shown improved clinical outcomes through medication therapy management (MTM) due to improved medication adherence.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of a pharmacist-led MTM clinic in an accountable care organization (ACO) affiliated primary care office on adherence to renin-angiotensin system (RAS) antagonists, diabetic medications, and/or statin medications reported through Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) Medicare Star Ratings.

Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected via chart review of pharmacist-led MTM patient interviews and follow-ups between October 2015 and April 2017. Eligible patients were Humana HMO Medicare beneficiaries, with at least one chronic disease state, for which they were treated with a RAS antagonist, statin, or diabetic medication. The primary outcome of this investigation was a change in Star Rating scores for medication adherence to RAS antagonists, diabetic medications, and statins from pre- and postpharmacist MTM intervention.

Results:

A total of 102 patients were referred to the MTM clinic. Out of these, 32 had a follow-up visit, resulting in a total of 25 interventions. One year prior to MTM clinic implementation, most Star Ratings were consistently 3 (out of 5) for RAS antagonists, diabetic medications, and statins. Postintervention, ratings increased to 4 or 5 across these categories. Conclusion: Implementing a pharmacist-led MTM clinic in the ACO primary care setting improves Medicare Star Ratings in patients with chronic conditions.
Expanding Advocacy to the Grassroots Level: The New York State Model
Authors: Kaplan Andrew Stephen , Berger Karen
Published: June 2020

New York State has achieved pharmacy practice advancement legislation more slowly than other states. Despite the benefits of pharmacy advocacy in shaping legislation, in New York State advocacy activities have generally been limited to once per year during Lobby Day. Implementation of a grassroots advocacy infrastructure has been able to organize and sustain legislative engagement among members of our professional organization, with more than 100 legislative visits completed since creation of the Grassroots Advocacy Committee. A committee with infrastructure including a buddy system and legislative visit tracking process and educational programs, such as simulation training, have reduced the perceived burdens of participation. Other pharmacy organizations who have identified advocacy as a priority can utilize these tools to organize their members to support legislative goals.
Foresight and action learning supporting transition: An account of practice
Authors: Beech Nick , Gold Jeff , Kershaw-Solomon Hazel , Auty Tricia , Down Bruce , Goodchild Joanne , Beech Susan , Nisa Shakiya
Published: June 2020

Integrating foresight into corporations has proved to be challenging. This account of practice reports on the introduction of futures and foresight (FF) teaching content into an executive Masters programme. The FF contentwas further linked to and provided a background for action learning sets. The purpose was to identify how introducing distant time horizons would help participants to adapt and change their perspectives in problem solving and professional development. The report describes how FF was incorporated across the programme and used to develop insightful conversations in the action learning sets. Citing two case examples, the authors reflect on how participants responded to these new elements and offer insights into the value of introducing FF as an interdisciplinary element in a programme.
High-fidelity calculation of modal damping caused by friction at blade roots for single blades and tuned bladed disc assemblies
Authors: Chen Junjie , Zang Chaoping , Zhou Biao , Petrov EP
Published: June 2020

A method for the analysis of amplitude-dependent modal damping factors is developed for the cases when the energy dissipation is caused by the micro-slip motion at friction contacts of blade root joints. The modal damping at root joints for a lone blade and for tuned bladed disc assemblies is studied. Large three-dimensional finite element models and detailed description of friction contacts by surface-to-surface friction contact elements at contact interfaces of the root joints are used for the calculations. The method allows using available finite element packages and is based on the direct calculation of the energy dissipated at root joints for prescribed levels of vibration amplitudes. The method takes into account the nonlinear dependency of the modal damping factors on the vibration level. The numerical studies of the dependency of modal damping factors on the vibration amplitudes, rotation speed, and contact interface parameters are performed for different families of modes and different nodal diameter numbers.
Does Happiness Improve Health? Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kushlev Kostadin , Heintzelman Samantha J. , Lutes Lesley D. , Wirtz Derrick , Kanippayoor Jacqueline M. , Leitner Damian , Diener Ed
Published: June 2020

Happier people are healthier, but does becoming happier lead to better health? In the current study, we deployed a comprehensive, 3-month positive psychological intervention as an experimental tool to examine the effects of increasing subjective well-being on physical health in a nonclinical population. In a 6-month randomized controlled trial with 155 community adults, we found effects of treatment on self-reported physical health—the number of days in the previous month that participants felt healthy or sick, as assessed by questions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Questionnaire. In a subsample of 100 participants, we also found evidence that improvements in subjective well-being over the course of the program predicted subsequent decreases in the number of sick days. Combining experimental and longitudinal methodologies, this work provides some evidence for a causal effect of subjective well-being on self-reported physical health.
“The most lonely condition I can imagine”: Psychosocial impacts of endometriosis on women’s identity
Authors: Cole Jennifer M , Grogan Sarah , Turley Emma
Published: June 2020

Endometriosis is a condition which affects around 1–2% of women worldwide and has profound effects on their everyday lives. Previous research has tended to focus on physical symptoms (such as chronic pain); how women manage changes to their identity and relationships as a result of endometriosis has received less attention. This paper discusses qualitative data examining how women negotiate changes to identity while living with endometriosis, in a social context where women are expected to minimise their symptoms and conform to feminine role expectations. We conducted thematic analysis of 34 replies to an online survey seeking qualitative text responses. The women identified disruptions to personal identity as a result of living with endometriosis. They talked about not feeling like themselves (Theme 1) and about reactions from medical and social connections prompting feelings that they were going “mad” (Theme 2). Participants also expressed feeling as though they were a burden to loved ones (Theme 3), which often resulted in self-silencing (Theme 4). Findings are discussed in the context of Western expectations of women’s roles in social relationships and suggest that professionals who support women with endometriosis should be aware of strategies such as self-silencing which may reduce effective self-care.
Diverse Perspectives on Transition to Adulthood Among Families: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Wilt Courtney L. , Hirano Kara , Morningstar Mary E.
Published: June 2020

Family engagement is an essential aspect of preparing for the transition to adulthood for youth with disabilities. The purpose of this study was threefold: (a) describe the supports historically marginalized families of students with disabilities draw upon, (b) understand family decision-making when engaging with schools and agencies, and (c) determine whether supports provided by a local Parent Training and Information Center (PTI) were perceived as effective for historically marginalized groups of families. The sample comprised 36 parents of children and adolescents with disabilities who participated in focus groups or interviews. A qualitative analysis revealed several interacting influences associated with family decision-making and advocacy as their children transitioned to adulthood. Implications for policy and practice toward addressing family engagement with schools and communities are described.
Multimodal vibration damping using a simplified current blocking shunt circuit
Authors: Raze Ghislain , Paknejad Ahmad , Zhao Guoying , Collette Christophe , Kerschen Gaetan
Published: June 2020

The tuning of a simplified current blocking shunt circuit able to mitigate the vibration amplitude of multiple structural resonances is addressed in this article. The proposed strategy exploits the two-port network formalism in combination with physically motivated approximations to tune sequentially the electrical elements of the different branches of the shunt circuit. The resulting tuning method does not resort to optimization algorithms and requires only the knowledge of quantities that are easy to measure experimentally. It is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally using a piezoelectric beam.
Matters of Place and Space in School-Based Performances of World Music
Authors: Coppola William J.
Published: June 2020

Christopher Small (1998) famously explored the role of the performance venue in framing the music experiences of audience members. While Small observed how audiences consume music in the classical symphony hall, we might also consider how performance venues frame global music experiences as well. In this article, I suggest that considering the space where music takes place can offer insights into the deeper social and cultural contexts of any given music practice. Specifically, music teachers can foster meaningful world music experiences by embracing the participatory or presentational nature of the music and seeking to reproduce these performance contexts as closely as possible. I explore ways that these ideas might play out among teachers who wish to maximize both the authenticity and integrity of their music performances, and I discuss strategies for music teachers to incorporate these suggestions into their own teaching.
Knowing Kids Makes a Huge Difference, Part II: Advancing a Conceptual Framework for Positive Principal-Student Relationships
Authors: Kudlats Jamie , Brown Kathleen M.
Published: June 2020

The majority of the scholarly work on school leadership over the past several decades has centered on issues of academic press, while matters involving the social development and support of students have received far less attention. We know that improving students' relationships with teachers has important, positive and long-lasting implications for building trust, increasing motivation and engagement, and improving both behavior and academic achievement, and we know that principals have the second most significant effect on students. So, what about principals' relationships with students? Given a lack of research specifically concerning the principal-student relationship (PSR), this article addresses that gap. The authors conducted a qualitative narrative inquiry of the PSR in order to describe more nuanced implications and deeper understandings of the influence and impact of the phenomenon. This work resulted in a two-part series. Part I, included in a prior issue, focused heavily on the literature review and detailed findings of the study. Part II, included in this issue, embeds the study results more firmly within theoretical underpinnings and extends them toward establishing a new conceptual framework for the PSR and a new dimension of scholarship on effective school leadership. This framework consists of 16 dimensions of the PSR grouped into four categories: Principal Characteristics, Building the PSR, Meaning and Purpose, and Challenges. A short discussion including implications, limitations, and directions for future research is also included.
The Impact of Multiple Renal Estimates on Pharmacist Dosing Recommendations: A Randomized Trial
Authors: McConachie Sean M. , Hanni Claudia M. , Raub Joshua N. , Mohammad Rima A. , Wilhelm Sheila M.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Numerous equations are used for estimation of renal function, and many electronic medical records report multiple clearance estimates to assist with drug dosing. It is unknown whether the presence of multiple clearance estimates affects clinical decision-making.

Objective:

To determine whether the presence of multiple renal clearance estimates affects pharmacist drug dosing decisions.

Methods:

A randomized trial in the form of an electronic survey including 4 clinical vignettes was delivered to hospital pharmacists. Vignettes consisted of a patient presenting with an acute pulmonary embolism requiring enoxaparin therapy. Pharmacists were randomized to receive a single estimate of renal function or multiple estimates for all vignettes. The primary outcome was deviation from approved recommendations on at least 1 vignette. The χ2 test was used to detect differences in deviation rates between groups. Logistic regression was performed to adjust for the effects of potentially confounding variables.

Results:

A total of 154 studies were completed (73 in the multiple-estimate group and 81 in the single-estimate group). Pharmacists presented with multiple renal estimates were significantly more likely to deviate from recommended dosing regimens than pharmacists presented with a single estimate (54.7% vs 38.2%; P = 0.04). The results were driven primarily by the 2 vignettes that included discordance among Cockcroft-Gault equation creatinine clearance estimates. Logistic regression identified multiple estimates as the only independent predictor of deviation ( P = 0.04).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Pharmacists provided with a single renal clearance estimate were more likely to adhere to approved dosing recommendations than pharmacists provided with multiple estimates.
Clinical Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Ultrasound-Assisted Bioabsorbable Suture Anchor in Foot and Ankle Surgeries
Authors: Chen Jie , Sharma Akhil , Akoh Craig Chike , Kadakia Rishin , Parekh Selene G.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Suture anchors have been used for soft tissue repair in orthopedic surgery for decades. Recently, bioabsorbable suture anchors have increased in popularity and have spurred the introduction of ultrasound-assisted systems. The purpose of our study was to determine the clinical safety and efficacy of a new ultrasound-assisted suture anchor system for foot and ankle procedures.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 50 cases using the ultrasound-assisted suture anchor with at least 24 months of follow-up. We reviewed demographic data including comorbidities, type of procedure, adverse events, and clinical outcomes using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and visual analog scale (VAS) score. We divided complications into minor and major, with major complications requiring revision surgery or leading to long-term morbidity. Our primary outcome was complication rates and our secondary outcome was improvement in clinical scores.

Results:

The most frequent cases using the anchor included lateral ankle ligament reconstruction ( n = 19), insertional Achilles repair ( n = 15), lateral ligament reconstruction in conjunction with a total ankle arthroplasty ( n = 6), and plantar plate repair ( n = 3). There were 5 superficial wound infections that resolved with wound care and/or oral antibiotics. There were 3 major complications (6%): a deep wound infection that required an irrigation and debridement, a deep venous thrombosis, and a recurrence of varus deformity in a patient who underwent a total ankle arthroplasty with lateral ligament reconstruction. Only the varus deformity recurrence case could possibly be directly linked to the suture anchor (2% of all cases). VAS scores improved from 6.0 to 1.2 ( P < .001) and FAOS improved from 54.7 to 94.2 ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

This bioabsorbable anchor was a safe device with low failure rates, and it was used for soft tissue repair cases in the foot and ankle with successful clinical outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Post-hoc analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism profile for eyes with vascularized pigment epithelial detachment due to ARMD
Authors: Lee Daniel , Chan Clement K , Abraham Prema , Sarraf David
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

This post-hoc case-control study compares single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profile of eyes with vascularized pigment epithelial detachment (vPED) due to age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) with: (1) Control-1 eyes (no ARMD and AREDS Severity Scale 0); and (2) Control-2 eyes (drusen or AREDS Severity Scale 2). SNP profile of High Responders (HR) was also compared with Low Responders (LR) to ranibizumab.

Methods:

Blood samples from 40 patients with vPED treated with ranibizumab were sent for SNP-specific genotype analysis for comparison of variant allele frequencies of 23 SNPs associated with ARMD (VAF) to VAF in 184 Control-1 eyes, and VAF in 85 Control-2 eyes. VAF of HR-50 (⩾50% decrease in PED height) and VAF of HR-75 (⩾75% decrease in PED height) were also compared with VAF of LR.

Results:

These SNPs were more frequent in vPED than Control-1 eyes: APOE rs4420638 (A/G), HTRA1 rs104904924 (G/T), VEGF rs943080 (T/C), CFH rs1061170 (T/C), CFH rs2274700 (C/T), CFH rs10737680 (A/C), CFH rs10801555 (G/A). These SNPs were more frequent in vPED than Control-2 eyes: APOE rs4420638 (A/G), CFI rs4698775 (G/T), COL15A1/TGFBR1 rs334353 (T/G). FRK rs3812111 (T/A) was more frequent in HR-50 and HR-75 eyes compared with LR.

Conclusion:

Seven SNPs were more frequent in vPED eyes than non-ARMD eyes, and three SNPs were more frequent in vPED eyes than drusen eyes. Adjusting for multiplicity, only CFH rs2274700 (C/T) was significant for first comparison, and only COL15A1/TGFBR1 rs334353 (T/G) was significant for second comparison. APOE rs4420638 (A/G) was the single SNP more frequently linked to vPED eyes for both comparisons. FRK rs3812111 (T/A) was consistently associated with high responders.
Assessment of Airborne Culturable Fungal Load in an Indoor Environment of Dormitory Rooms: The Case of University of Gondar Student’s Dormitory Rooms, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Andualem Zewudu , Ayenew Yeshambel , Ababu Temesel , Hailu Betelhem
Published: June 2020

Pollution caused by fungal contamination on building materials contributes to poor indoor air quality. Fungi are known to cause several health-related problems, such as acute toxicity, hypersensitivity, invasive mycoses, and respiratory problems. Thus, this study aimed to determine the load and diversity of airborne culturable fungi in the dormitory rooms. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2019 at the University of Gondar students’ dormitory rooms. Statistical analyses were carried out using Stata/SE 14.0. Spearman ranks correlation was used to assess the correlation of fungal load with indoor physical parameters. The median fungal loads were 250 CFU/m3 and 157 CFU/m3 in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Most commonly identified fungal genera/species were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Candida, Trichophyton, Piedraia, Microsporum, Geotrichum, Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, Rhizopus, Exophiala, Arthroderma, Cladosporium, Gliocladium, and Botrytis. Formaldehyde ( r = −0.2859, P = .0031), temperature ( r = −0.2153, P = .0274), and CO2 ( r = −0.3785, P = .0001) were negatively correlated with airborne indoor fungal load in the morning and CO2 ( r = 0.3183, P = .0009) and temperature ( r = 0.2046, P = .0363) positively correlated with airborne indoor fungal load in the afternoon. As a conclusion, the airborne fungal load in the dormitory room was intermediate according to the European standard of nonindustrial premises. Substantial action should be taken to reduce the fungal contamination of indoor environments.