bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF IFMIS IN BUDGETARY CONTROLS AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN WESTERN KENYA
Authors: Majani Dinah , Mackton Sylvester , Atieno Margaret
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the use of IFMIS in budgetary controls on the financial accountability of county Governments in Western Kenya. The study adopted a correlational research design. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. The study target population was 1110 county staff comprising Cabinet executive officers, IFMIS directors, finance staff, revenue officers, and planning and procurement staff. Simple random sampling was used to select 294 respondents. Reliability was tested through Cronbach Alpha, validity was tested through expert analysis and principal component factor analysis. SPSS was used to analyze descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics consisted of frequencies. Inferential statistics consisted of Binary logistic regression analysis. Cox & Snell R Square was established as 0.699. Wald statistic was significant with p values of 0.19. Correlation analysis showed r = of 0.814. The binary logistic regression coefficient was β = 2.049, p-value .019 and Exp (β)= 7.76 for budgetary controls. It was recommended that the implementation of IFMIS should be strengthened and regularly reviewed to identify loopholes that still exist that reduce effectiveness. This would improve fiscal discipline by a very high percentage as shown by the odds ratio of budgetary controls which is greater than one. The government should enforce the use of IFMIS in budgetary controls. This will lead to minimal budget variance and budget deficits. Better ways that can make IFMIS adhered to in budgeting should therefore be enforced this will improve financial accountability as evidenced by the odd ratio of budgetary controls.

JEL: G21; G29; G38

 

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EFFECT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN KENYA
Authors: Mate Emmanuel , Atieno Margaret , Kiganda Evans
Published: November 2022

The government of Kenya’s broad target for enhancing manufacturing is to increase the manufacturing share of gross domestic product from 8.4% to 15% to create more jobs but the target remains a mirage owing to the poor performance of the manufacturing sector over the years where for instance, sector performance declined to 3.5% in 2019 compared to 4.4% in 2018. Studies globally, regionally and locally have been conducted to establish how macroeconomic variables affect the profitability of companies. However, mixed results have been reported pointing to positive, negative, significant and insignificant effects making it unknown how economic growth, inflation and exchange rates influence the performance of manufacturing firms. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of Interest rates on the financial performance of listed manufacturing companies in Kenya. The study was guided by; the efficient market hypothesis and arbitrage pricing theory. This study adopted a descriptive correlational research design grounded on panel data spanning 6 years from 2015 to 2020 with a target of 8 listed manufacturing firms. The exchange rate showed a negative influence on performance with coefficients 0.358, 2.764 and -1.532 respectively such that a 1% increase in economic growth and inflation increased performance by 0.358% and 2.764% respectively while a 1% increase in exchange rate decreased performance by 1.532%. The study recommends the formulation of prudent macroeconomic policies including bailouts during pandemics geared towards enhancing the performance of manufacturing firms as envisaged under the Big four agenda and Vision 2030 blueprint.

 

JEL: L60; O24; F31
THE EFFECTS OF USING SELF-VIDEO RECORDING ON EFL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ LEXICON KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Ho Diem Ngoc , Trinh Lap Quoc , Kim Tuyen Thanh
Published: November 2022

This study aims to investigate the effects of using self-video recording on EFL high school students’ lexicon knowledge. Participants include 80 EFL high school students in the Mekong Delta divided into two groups, namely the control and experimental group. Pretest and posttest were done to collect quantitative data before and after the treatment. After the treatment, the results of the experimental groups were higher than that of the control one in terms of lexicon knowledge. Therefore, this study gives recommendations for further studies in other aspects of speaking skills or speaking skills in general.
 

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UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
Authors: Rahma Bouali , Moncef Zaki , Boujemaa Agorram , Benjelloun Nadia , Anouar Alami , Lhoussaine Maskour
Published: November 2022

This study aims to assess the level of understanding of biology students and to identify their misconceptions about cell concepts. Participants of the study (n=160) were students enrolled in biology undergraduate level. Data analysis showed that the students had cell-related misconceptions. The misconceptions were found in four basic competencies of the cell concepts. The most common misconceptions (55.68%) among students are those related to the relationship between the structure and function of the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. We denote that most of the students have assimilated the concepts related to the chemical constituents of the cell. There are several potential factors that cause the occurrence of misconceptions among the participants in this study, including low retention of knowledge obtained in previous school levels, lack of learning resources, incomprehensible terms, and low interest of biology students in cell concepts.
 

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EFL TEACHING AND THE ISTE DESIGNER AND FACILITATOR STANDARDS: AN EXPLORATORY OUTLOOK
Authors: Slimani Najib , Aatta Tarik
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, scholars and researchers adhere to the prominent role information and communication technologies (ICT) play in education, particularly in language teaching. The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) has developed a set of standards that provide a framework for developing digital competencies among educators, students, administrators, coaches, and computer science teachers. In light of ISTE standards for educators, the present paper probes the roles teachers play with special reference to the designer and facilitator standards. The target population are EFL Moroccan high school teachers who work in the private sector in the Directorate of Marrakesh, Morocco. Through a quantitative analysis, findings indicate that the teachers in question generally fulfill their roles as ICT designers and facilitators. They adopt technology as a buttressing tool to install a learning-favorite environment. Plainly enough, they use technology-enhanced activities that promote student-centered learning. To a lesser degree, they facilitate collaborative learning and encourage the students to act globally by getting them engaged with the real world through technology. Likewise, this study discloses the existence of a symmetrical relationship between the mastery of internet/computer skills and the use-effectiveness of ICT tools, such as the interactive board and the data shown. In this respect, this study accentuates how adequate training and professional development-bound upskilling can truly promote the target EFL teachers’ digital competencies and help them live up to their roles as ICT designers and facilitators.
 

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IMPROVING DIGITAL SECURITY AND PRIVACY OF STUDENTS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION: AN ATTITUDINAL CHANGE FRAMEWORK BASED ON COMPETENCE LEARNING MATRIX
Authors: Azaabi Cletus
Published: November 2022

The information revolution is affecting every aspect of society including education resulting in a concept known as digital learning or e-learning. One problem of digital learning environments and tools is the security and privacy of the learners. How to ensure the security and privacy of digital learners remains a major challenge leading to exposure among naive students. The objective of the study was to explore digital security and privacy culture among students and to propose a novel framework to enhance the security and privacy culture of students using a framework based on the competence learning theory. The Design Science Research (DSR) was adopted as a research paradigm with quantitative and qualitative data gathered from the implementation of the framework. 300 students from a college of education were purposively sampled for the study. A WhatsApp message was sent to the student requesting their confidential information under pretexting and impersonation to assess how security and privacy conscious they were. A framework was developed and implemented based on the theory of competence learning. The results showed high levels of vulnerabilities among students at 67.67% before the Implementation of the Framework in Round 1. This vulnerability reduced to 1.67% in after the implementation of the framework in Round 2 and further reduced to 0% in Round 3. The paper concluded that the lack of security and privacy awareness of the students made them Unconsciously Incompetent (UI). Exposure to the vulnerability made them consciously incompetent (CI), whiles further rounds of exposures led them to be consciously competent (CC). further exposure will eventually result in unconsciously competent (UC) as students become resistant and or immune to security and privacy attacks. The implication of this study is that, as more students converge in the digital space, the need to build their immunity and resistance against cyber-attacks is critical to avoid exposure. Learning to be security conscious should be consistent and routine to ensure that students have renewed behavior changes to become resistant and immune to online attacks.
 

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SPECIAL VIDEO INSTRUCTION AND SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ANXIETY TOWARDS MENSURATION IN GWAGWALADA, NIGERIA
Authors: Jekayinfa Olatunji James , Owonuwa Seun
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the effects of special video instruction on senior secondary school students’ anxiety towards mensuration in Gwagwalada, Nigeria. It employed a quasi-experimental design of pre-test post-test non-randomized and non-equivalent control group design type. The population of the study comprised all senior secondary school 1 students in Gwagwalada area council. Three-stage sampling technique was applied to select two equivalent schools, assign the schools to experimental and control groups and eventually select one intact class from each of the two groups, the students of which formed the samples for the study. A total of 133 students participated in the study comprising 74 and 59 students in the Experimental group and control group respectively. Three research questions and three corresponding hypotheses were answered and tested respectively. Data used for the study were the scores of students’ responses to Mathematics Anxiety Questionnaire (MAQ). The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. The results are that special video instruction had a positive effect on students’ anxiety as students exposed to the video instruction recorded lower anxiety scores; and that both male and female students, and low, medium and high scorers benefited equally from the special instruction. It was however recommended among others that video instructions should be encouraged in secondary schools to reduce students’ anxiety towards Mathematics.
 

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THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF JOB SATISFACTION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEAM WORK SKILLS AND WORK VALUES OF TEACHERS
Authors: Quines Lyndon A. , Piñero Michelle Y.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between teamwork skills and the work values of teachers. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 elementary public-school teachers who belong to the 3 districts, Magsaysay, Bansalan and Matan-ao under the Division of Davao Del Sur in the province of Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized a stratified random sampling technique and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r and Path Analysis. From the results of the study, it was found that there is a high level of mean scores for all variables of teamwork skills, work values and job satisfaction of teachers. Also, results revealed that there are significant relationships between teamwork skills and work values, between teamwork skills and job satisfaction and between job satisfaction and work values of teachers. Further, it was revealed that there was a full mediation effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between teamwork skills and the work values of teachers. This implies that teamwork skills convey the job satisfaction of teachers.
 

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THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF SCHOOL CLIMATE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHER COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR AND STUDENT ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Quines Lyndon A. , Relacion Mary Cleo D.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of school climate on the relationship between teacher communication behavior and student engagement. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 respondents of the study who are students who belong to the senior high school department, particularly Grade levels 11 and 12 of the three national high schools under the division of Davao Del Sur in the province of Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized a stratified random sampling technique and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r, and Medgraph using Sobel z-test. From the results of the study, it was found that there is a high level of mean score for teacher communication behaviour and very high levels of mean scores for school climate and student engagement. Also, results revealed that there is a significant relationship between teacher communication behaviour and student engagement, a significant relationship between teacher communication behaviour and school climate and a significant relationship between school climate and student engagement. Further, it was revealed that there was full mediation on the effect of school climate on the relationship between teacher communication behaviour and student engagement. This implies that the teacher’s communication behaviour conveys the school climate.
INQUIRY BASED LEARNING ON TEACHING CONTROVERSIAL HISTORICAL ISSUES – AN ACTION RESEARCH WITH PRE‐SERVICE TEACHERS
Authors: Lampros Papadimas , Stavrianoudaki Alexandra , Smyrnaios Antonios
Published: November 2022

Controversial Historical Issues are considered as an historical education topic which usually makes teachers feel uncomfortable to deal with pedagogically. A collaborative investigation is expected to be a suitable approach for teaching this kind of issue. This current research concerns the effects of an educational program for pre‐service teachers in their willingness to teach Controversial Issues through modern collaborative teaching practices. A six‐month program based on the basic principles of Inquiry Based Learning, related to Occupation‐Resistance‐Civil War thematic, has been implemented with fourteen pre‐service teachers. Data qualitative analysis showed that participants get familiarized with strategies and learning tools that help children draw valid conclusions, utilize source practices, and conduct their own enriched narrations about the controversial past. The major benefits and potential difficulties have also been revealed. After all, this training experience strengthens their perceived self‐efficacy since they acknowledge that a collaborative investigation is an effective approach to acquiring historical knowledge based on personal and group‐investigation processes.
 

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CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT AS PER THE ISO 9001:2015 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND POST-EXAMINATION SERVICES DELIVERY IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA
Authors: Jemimah Muchai , Mulwa David , Amukowa Wycliffe
Published: November 2022

The examination is among the crucial processes of any university quality management system and as such, quality should be maintained at all levels. Several inefficiencies in post-examination services delivery have occurred in Kenyan public universities many of which were implementing ISO 9001: 2015 QMSs. Doubt arose on the extent to which adoption of ISO 9001 QMSs had translated to quality service delivery in these institutions. The study was guided by two objectives; to determine the extent to which Kenyan public universities pursue continual improvement as per ISO 9001:2015 QMS and to establish the relationship between continual improvement and post-examination services delivery in public universities in Kenya. A mixed methods research design was employed. The study targeted various examination process stakeholders in all 26 ISO 9001:2015 certified public universities in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to sample 6 directors of quality assurance, 6 directors of QMS and PC and 6 deputy registrars (examinations) while 297 examination coordinators and 384 fourth-year students were sampled using a stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and interview schedules. The study established that generally, most public universities in Kenya to a large extent aspired for continual improvement in their core processes, functions and operations Regression analysis results revealed that continual improvement as per the ISO 9001: 2015 QMS requirements had a positive significant effect on post-examination services delivery in public universities in Kenya (β = 0.727, p = .000). The study concluded that it was crucial for these universities to optimize continual improvement in their key processes, operations and functions. Continuous analysis of data to assist in the identification of areas of service nonconformity for informed corrective measures to achieve continual improvement, in the long run, was recommended.
 

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN BOARD GAMES IN TEACHING GREEK AS L2 TO ADULT LEARNERS
Authors: Mattheoudakis Marina , Panteliou Niki
Published: November 2022

The important role of communicative competence in foreign language learning highlighted the need for the use of task-based or content-oriented activities within the foreign language instructional context. Several studies have recently focused on such activities and, in particular, on the use of games (Peters, 2015; Petrovic, 2007; Yaccob & Yunus, 2019); their findings have attracted researchers’ interest as they underlined the positive effects, they seem to have on the development of language proficiency (Bush, 2015; Lan, Van & Huyen, 2019; Nguyen & Nga, 2003). Some of these studies have examined the effect of games on learners’ language development, competency and motivation in learning an L2 (Marzano, 2010; Stavy, Subon & Unin, 2019; Tuan, 2012), while others have focused on students’ and teachers’ attitudes towards their use in language classrooms (Hamzah & Dourado, 2010; Lawrence & Lawrence, 2013; Reyes-Chua & Lidawan, 2019). However, what has not been adequately researched is the impact of board games on adult students and their systematic integration and use within the language curricula (Phuong & Nguyen, 2017). In this study, we aim to present two different types of modern board games which have been adjusted for the teaching of Greek as a foreign language at B1 level (according to CEFR). The games were used to practice vocabulary and grammar as well as promote interpersonal communication according to the syllabus of the School of Modern Greek (2010). The study will compare the use of board games with conventional activities and tasks so as to assess their effectiveness as a tool in the adult foreign language classroom.

 

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COLLEGE STUDENTS’ WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE AND ITS INFLUENTIAL FACTORS IN SPEAKING CLASSES
Authors: Tâm Nguyễn Thanh
Published: November 2022

The problem that learners remain silent and passive in speaking classes is usually attributed to their lack of willingness to communicate (WTC), which is considered a crucial condition determining learners’ L2 opportunities for language development and mastery. A number of researchers have conducted research in various contexts; however, it is still a nascent term in the Vietnamese context. This study was conducted aiming to explore college students’ perceptions of their levels of WTC and factors affecting WTC in speaking classes. Data was garnered through a 45-item questionnaire, which was administered to 308 EFL students. Results revealed that, from the learners’ perspective, WTC remained at an average level. It was also found that among different categories of factors that impacted learners’ WTC, interactions with teachers and peers, and learners’ self-perception of their anxiety were perceived as the most critical factors.

 

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EFFECTS OF EFL STUDENTS’ USE OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES IN EXTENSIVE READING TASKS ON THEIR READING PERFORMANCE AND ATTITUDES
Authors: Duong Uyen Do Thanh , Nguyen Khang Duy
Published: November 2022

Reading plays important role in teaching and learning a second language as in reading, information is acquired and processed before learners can reach the final goal of English learning – communication. Extensive reading is a helpful way to develop students’ reading habits. A quasi-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design was conducted in the Vietnamese educational context to investigate the effects of students’ use of metacognitive strategies on intermediate learners’ reading performance and attitudes. The results indicated positive changes in learners’ performance and attitudes, especially in higher-order thinking ability. Thirty-two participants from the convenient sampling method attended a 10-week reading course with metacognitive strategies embedded in extensive reading tasks. The scores from tests showed an improvement in reading comprehension ability and higher-order thinking application. The data from the questionnaire and semi-structured interview contributes to the positive attitudes toward students towards reading activities. This study has discovered the significant effects on the awareness of learners and afterwards cognition thinking. Learners have achieved a higher level of cognitive reading, critical reading and positive attitudes towards reading activity.
 

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THE EFFECT OF ELECTROLYTES AND ENERGY DRINKS CONSUMPTION ON ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE – A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Tambalis Konstantinos D.
Published: November 2022

The major aim of the current narrative review was to present the current scientific knowledge on the potential effect of electrolytes and energy drink consumption on athletic performance and make recommendations for safe consumption. Athletes appreciate the need to consume fluids before, during, and after exercise as well as the significance of hydration by using drinks or/and energy drinks containing carbohydrates, salts, caffeine, taurine, and other ingredients. Energy drinks are considered by many athletes and/or exercisers to promote, in addition to high levels of energy, important hydration during exercise. The high levels of temperature and humidity in the atmosphere combined with intense exercise of the athlete increases the fluid requirements to avoid a possible risk of thermal disturbances. It is recommended that at least 4 hours before the start of the sports effort, the athlete should consume 5-7 ml of fluids per kilogram of body weight. During exercise that lasts more than 40 minutes, the creation of personalized hydration strategies is proposed. The athlete should try to drink fluids to replace, at least to some extent, enough of the fluid lost through sweat so that the total fluid deficit for a training session or competition is kept at no more than approximately 2% of body mass (an average of 200 ml per 20 min of exercise). During exercise lasting more than 1 hour and causing fatigue, athletes are advised to consume a carbohydrate source that is rapidly converted to blood glucose, while, sodium should be included in fluids consumed during exercise lasting more than 1-2 hours. The main ergogenic nutrients in most energy drinks appear to be carbohydrates and/or caffeine and taurine. The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance is well established. Consuming energy drinks 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve focus, alertness, anaerobic performance, and/or aerobic exercise performance. Higher calorie energy drink intake may promote weight gain if the energy intake from its consumption is not carefully assessed as part of total daily energy intake. Children and adolescents should consider using energy drinks only with parental consent and after considering the number of carbohydrates, caffeine, and other nutrients contained in energy drinks.
 

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EFFECT OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND GREEN WORK LIFE BALANCE ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED HOSPITALITY FIRMS IN LAGOS AND OGUN STATES, NIGERIA
Authors: Akpa Victoria Ozioma , Mowaiye Bolorunduro , Akinlabi Babatunde Hamed , Magaji Nanle
Published: November 2022

Employee retention is a strategy of retaining talented employees with a specific end goal to meet business targets. Employee turnover is a symptom of deeper issues that have not been resolved. Hospitality Industry in Nigeria has faced several issues, including poor employee retention and low staff motivation. Part of the reasons for the poor employee retention and high turnover in the Hospitality Sector was owning to issues that border on green human resource management practices and green work life balance, and the inflexible nature of their job. Other certain reasons for poor employee retention include low pay, lack of development opportunities, and bad working conditions with greater efforts by staff and fewer receivables. Therefore, this paper examines the effect of green human resource management practices, green work life balance on employee retention of selected hospitality firms in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria. The data collected through the primary sources (questionnaire) were analysed using inferential statistics employing regression analysis. The study revealed that Green human resource management practices, green work life balance (green performance management, green employee relation, green disciplinary management, work family balance and work health balance) had a significant and positive effect on employee retention in hospitality firms in Lagos and Ogun states, Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.540, F (4, 669) = 176.897, p < 0.05).
 

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SELF-MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE RESEARCH OUTPUT IN SELECTED PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Oba-Adenuga Olusegun Adeleke , Asikhia Olalekan U. , Akpa Victoria Ozioma
Published: November 2022

The academic staff of universities plays a very important role in terms of the growth and development of nations’ economies. They make a positive contribution to the growth of a nation and are generally seen as the basis by which the needed high-level manpower or a country's development could be achieved. Despite the enormous contributions of the university sector, it is observed that their performance level especially in Nigeria is low compared to that of other nations. This is evident in declining research output. This challenge has been attributed to a variety of factors, including poor self-management. This study examined the interaction between emotional intelligence and employee performance in selected private universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. A research survey was employed in this study. The population was 1464 full-time academic staff of selected six private Universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling, stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were adapted to obtain a response from all the cadres of the academic staff. The sample size of 308 was determined using Raosoft calculator. A structured and adapted questionnaire went through validity and reliability tests with Cronbach Alpha ranges between 0.728 and 0.954. The inferential statistics employed Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient to test the hypothesis of the study. The study revealed that self-management had significant relationship with employee research output (r (296) = 0.803, p < 0.05). This study concluded that self-management affects employee research output in selected private universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that private universities should continue to improve their academic staff’s personal development skills in order to help improve their organization's personal development. This can be achieved through sending their academic staff to conferences/workshop, seminars, and training programmes.
 

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WORKPLACE INJUSTICE AND THE PLACE OF THE VICTIM; THE ANTECEDENTS OF TALK ABOUT WORKPLACE INJUSTICE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BAMENDA, CAMEROON
Authors: Arrey Mbayong Napoloen , Fomba Emmanuel Mbebeb , Tiendem Nicodemus
Published: November 2022

Purpose: This study examines the role of a victim of workplace injustice in their own recovery process. It asks: can victims recover from the negative effects of a fairness violation, and more specifically, can talk, that is, conversation with others, aid such a recovery process? This study argues that such victims of workplace injustice will be motivated to reduce this distressing condition, to repair their relational selves, via talk. It is argued that this state of threatened relational need will lead to both emotional and cognition talk via anger. Methodology/Design/Approaches: A repeated cross-sectional survey was carried out at two time points separated by six weeks. The data and analyses for this study came from the first survey, with a replication of the results conducted with the second time point of data to examine the validity of the findings. The sample for this study used 166 employees of the University of Bamenda. The average age of participants was 43 years (SD = 15.66), and their tenure with the company was on average 7.94 years (SD = 7.33). Sixty percent (60%) of the participants were Female. Findings: The study uncovered antecedents and consequences of talk; anger and thwarted justice needs were found to trigger talk, with an interaction between emotion and cognition talk driving victim-centred outcomes of rumination, self-affirmation and active solutions. Research Limitations: It should be noted, that the present study is perhaps best assessed by cross-sectional design rather than separating predictor and criterion variables over separate time periods. The issue lies with the nature of talk – conversations unfold soon after an event. Too much temporal separation leaves a researcher open to missing the fundamental intricacies of conversation that occurs and perhaps artificially inflating the links between injustice, needs and talk. Originality: This empirical research is the first of its kind to be carried out within the context of the victims of injustice at the University of Bamenda. The study area is unique as no related research has been carried out within the University of Bamenda. As such, if the findings of this study are implemented within the study area, the present study will be one step towards a greater appreciation of workplace injustice as experienced through the eyes of a victim, providing impetus to the integration of both organisational justice and talk as fields of enquiry.
 

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EXTRINSIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE JOB MOTIVATION OF PUBLIC SECTOR HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Githatu Grace Watiri
Published: November 2022

Diverse factors provide indicators of job motivation challenges amongst healthcare workers. These factors include the high level of employee turnover. For example, in 2017, an estimated 700 doctors quit employment in government-run hospitals. Additionally, the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentist Union (KMPDU) estimated that up to 2,300 doctors had left devolved sector employment between 2014 and 2016 for private sector engagement or further education abroad. Moreover, the various groups of healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, and clinical officers have held numerous industrial strikes against their employers. Consequently, this study seeks to study the factors influencing job motivation in the healthcare public sector. The study is based on Herzberg’s 2-factor theory that splits factors affecting employee job motivation as extrinsic and motivating factors. The study used a descriptive research design and the target population was health workers in Nakuru County Public health facilities including doctors, clinical officers, laboratory technicians, pharmacists and nurses. The study population was 1756 respondents. The sample size of this study, using Taro Yamane’s (1967) formula, was 326 respondents. The correlation between diverse factors and job motivation was examined. The study found a strong positive correlation between extrinsic factors and job motivation (r = 0.633, p value = 0.000). The regression analysis results revealed that a unit increase in extrinsic factors is associated with a 0.318 increase in job motivation levels.
 

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CAPITAL SIMBÓLICO E FAMÍLIA EMPRESÁRIA / SYMBOLIC CAPITAL AND ENTREPRENEURIAL FAMILY
Authors: Rodrigues Jorge
Published: November 2022

O artigo aborda o estado da arte do capital simbólico e família empresária, contribuindo para uma compreensão mais aprofundada dos conceitos que lhe estão subjacentes. A estratégia de investigação prosseguida socorreu-se da “teoria da prática” de Bourdieu, procurando uma visão inovadora do que se passa no campo em análise. Como principais resultados aponta-se para um conjunto de dez questões, as quais poderão ser valorizadas, podendo ser incluídas num modelo integrador de várias dimensões, suficientemente genérico e abrangente, para que o mesmo possa ser aplicado a qualquer tipo de família empresária. 

 

The article discusses the state of the art of symbolic capital and the businesses family, contributing to a deeper understanding of the underlying concepts. The research strategy pursued relied on Bourdieu's "theory of practice", seeking an innovative view of what is happening in the field under analysis. The main results point to a set of ten questions, which can be valued and can be included in an integrating model of several dimensions, sufficiently generic and comprehensive, so that it can be applied to any type of businesses family.

 

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COOPETIÇÃO APLICADA A PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA / COOPETITION APPLIED TO SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Baptista Nuno
Published: November 2022

Assiste-se a um crescente interesse na academia por investigação sobre coopetição, um conceito que descreve uma situação particular na qual empresas que simultaneamente competem também cooperam. O interesse acadêmico por este tema aparenta derivar da natureza paradoxal do conceito que integra duas lógicas contraditórias e do facto de a coopetição se ter tornado parte integrante da estratégia de várias empresas de referência a nível internacional. Apesar do interesse contemporâneo pelo tema, que justificou uma série de revisões de literatura, deteta-se ainda uma escassez de investigação de síntese focada no caso específico das pequenas e médias empresas. Este estudo consiste numa revisão narrativa da literatura, precedida por uma análise bibliométrica, que explora as razões potenciais que podem levar as pequenas e médias empresas a coopetir. A revisão efetuada confirma o potencial da coopetição como estratégia para lidar com alguns dos desafios enfrentados pelas pequenas e médias empresas, nomeadamente a sua imaturidade e as fragilidades que resultam da escassez de recursos. Contudo, a revisão indica que estas empresas enfrentam riscos significativos ao adotar este tipo de estratégia e que decorrem da possibilidade oportunismo pelos parceiros, fuga de conhecimento e segredos do negócio e apropriação da maior proporção do valor criado pelos parceiros. 

 

There is an increasing attention in the academy for investigation about coopetition, a concept that describes a situation in which companies simultaneously engage in cooperation and competition. The interest in the topic appears to be related with the paradoxical nature of the concept, that integrates two opposite logics, and the fact that   coopetition has become part of the strategy of various leading multinational companies. Despite the contemporary appeal of the topic, that justified several review studies, there is still a shortage of research focused on the particular case of coopetition involving small and medium size companies. This study consists in a narrative literature review coupled with bibliometric analysis that explores the potential reasons that lead small and medium size companies to coopete. The results of the study confirm the suitability of coopetition as a strategy to deal with some of the challenges faces by small and medium size companies, including the lack of experience and shortage of resources. However, the literature indicates that these companies face significant risks when adopting coopetition that drive from the possibility of opportunistic behaviors from coopetition partners, knowledge and business secrets leakage and unbalanced value appropriation from partners. 

 

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RISK IT BUT CONTROL IT! THE EFFECTS OF CONSUMER'S HOTELS VACATION RISK TYPES ON REPEATING THE EXPERIENCE AGAIN / ARRISQUE, MAS CONTROLE! OS EFEITOS DOS TIPOS DE RISCO DE FÉRIAS DOS HOTÉIS DO CONSUMIDOR NA REPETIÇÃO DA EXPERIÊNCIA NOVAMENTE
Authors: Yassin Cherouk Amr , Yassin Amr A.
Published: November 2022

The decision to spend a great holiday in Egypt relies on different factors to be analysed. As visitors increasingly rely on online customer evaluations, booking reviews, Word of Mouth, and past experiences, the risk of choosing the wrong hotel after considerable effort can ruin their holiday. The various risk associated with choosing suitable accommodation for consumers is an important area for hospitality to monitor. Unlike other industries, from risk assessment to compliance, there is no one industry standard or regulatory framework to guide methodologies in the hospitality industry. As a result, consumer risk perception and its effect on purchase behaviour are essential to tourism and hospitality business management. Hence, the study objectives were to measure the impact of various risk types associated with the hospitality industry on consumer repeat purchase behaviour. The results indicated that three types of risks significantly negatively affect the repeat purchase decisions to spend the holiday in the same hotel. Family travellers are keener on financial risk than other travellers. The study has a managerial and academic contribution to how to deal with such types of risks. 

 
A decisão de passar umas ótimas férias no Egito depende de diversos fatores a serem analisados. À medida que os visitantes confiam cada vez mais em avaliações de clientes on-line, avaliações de reservas, boca a boca e experiências anteriores, o risco de escolher o hotel errado após um esforço considerável pode arruinar suas férias. Os vários riscos associados à escolha de acomodações adequadas para os consumidores são uma área importante para a hospitalidade monitorar. Ao contrário de outros setores, desde a avaliação de riscos até a conformidade, não há um padrão do setor ou estrutura regulatória para orientar as metodologias no setor de hospitalidade. Como resultado, a percepção de risco do consumidor e seu efeito no comportamento de compra são essenciais para a gestão de negócios de turismo e hospitalidade. Assim, os objetivos do estudo foram medir o impacto de vários tipos de risco associados ao setor de hospitalidade no comportamento de compra repetida do consumidor. Os resultados indicaram que três tipos de riscos afetam significativamente negativamente as decisões de compra repetidas para passar as férias no mesmo hotel. Viajantes em família são mais interessados em riscos financeiros do que outros viajantes. O estudo traz uma contribuição gerencial e acadêmica sobre como lidar com esses tipos de riscos.
 

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FACTORS THAT IMPACT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS A MARKETING TOOL IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Alias Norull Adlila Binti , Zi-Hao Yip , Ghazali Muhammad Al-Fateh Bin Mat , Kang Fung Yeet , Kanapathipillai Kumaran
Published: November 2022

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in the Malaysian economy. The success of SMEs is critical for Malaysia's total economic progression, both nationally and globally. Conducting business online is one of the opportunities social media has provided entrepreneurs. SMEs often lack the means to conduct in-house marketing operations or hire a skilled marketing consultant. Social media is a massive dialogue that everyone can join. With social media, businesses have the added advantage of following statements and replying instantly. While there is much literature on social media marketing methods, there is not much information on how businesses might utilize social media to enhance profits. There is little academic research into the elements that drive social media use and its impact on SMEs in Malaysia. This research aims to develop an understanding of improving the use of social media as a marketing tool in SMEs and address its relationship to brand awareness, consumers' engagement, word-of-mouth, conversion rate, and effectiveness. For this quantitative study, data was collected using questionnaires conveyed to SMEs engaged in online marketing activities. The survey yielded 177 valid responses. The findings of this study indicate that word-of-mouth and engagement were insignificant. However, brand awareness and conversion rates were significant. This result is significant for SMEs in emerging markets as it allows them to establish their marketing presence and enhance brand equity.
 

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OPTING WITHIN TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN LITERARY TEXT TRANSLATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES
Authors: Gavrilović Žana , Kurteš Ognjen
Published: November 2022

This article epitomises different approaches to translation and explores the results of the application of the most commonly used translational strategies in literary text translation in an academic context, among the third-year students of the undergraduate studies of English and Chinese and English at the University of East Sarajevo. After the relevant theoretical background, the empirical part of the article offers the presentation and discussion of the most commonly used translational strategies in reference to particular structural elements in a literary text, proper nouns restructuring and culture-specific items adaptation. The premise was that the restructuring of specific translation units was carried out with the application of literal translation, original form retention and paraphrasing, along with the possible deviations from the text faithfulness. The text-based approach and convenience sampling method showed that the most complex part was to restructure the omitted introductory elements in subordinate clauses, time/tense variations in back-shifted clauses in indirect speech and the choice of the most proper strategy in the restructuring of proper nouns (particularly toponyms). Further focus was on the examination of intercultural mismatch and translational restructuring of the source language-specific cultural items. As for the restructuring of proper nouns, the respondents mostly opted for foreignisation, considering the option to be the safest ground.
 

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ENHANCING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING AND ATTITUDES TOWARD NAMING AND REACTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS USING JIGSAW APPROACH
Authors: Yaayin Boniface , Oppong Emmanuel K. , Hanson Ruby
Published: November 2022

This study aimed at enhancing pre-service teachers’ understanding and attitudes toward naming and reactions of organic compounds using the jigsaw approach. It was a descriptive study that used a quantitative approach in collecting the data for analysis. The research design was a quasi-experimental one, which adapted the non-randomised control group pre-test/post-test intact class design. A sample of 144 pre-service teachers, comprising 72 in the experimental group and 72 in the control group were engaged in the study. Intact classes were used for the study; thus, the sample selection was non-randomised. ‘Organic Chemistry Concept Understanding Test’ (OCCUT) in the form of a pre-test and a post-test as well as an ‘Organic Chemistry Attitude Scale’ (OCAS) were the instruments used for the study. The reliability indices of the pre-test and the post-test were 0.721 and 0.724 respectively, whereas, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the ‘OCAS’ was 0.899. This study found that in terms of the pre-service teachers’ prior knowledge on naming and reactions of organic compounds, the experimental group and the control group both had more misunderstanding and partial understanding than a sound understanding of the concepts. The findings further revealed that the majority of the pre-service teachers in the experimental group had a sound understanding of the naming and reactions of organic compounds after they were taught through the jigsaw approach. Nevertheless, quite a large number of the pre-service teachers in the control group continue to show a misunderstanding of the concepts after they were taught through the traditional lecture-method. Again, the study found that the jigsaw approach enhanced the pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward the organic chemistry concepts than the traditional lecture-method.
 

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ONLINE MULTIMEDIA SCREEN TIME AND LEVEL OF HAPPINESS OF THE COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Garcia-Bolaños Jolai R. , Dela Cruz Norsaleen Gani S. , Masecampo Erika B. , Ogting Noraisa M. , Angas Jannie S. , Kanakan Amera G. , Ondac Rose Angelie B. , Mahinay Honeylyn M. , Mondero Noel C.
Published: November 2022

Online multimedia is very popular in today’s generation. Many people are using different online multimedia platforms as a means to enjoy, study, and connect with other people around the world. This study sought to determine the online multimedia screen time and the level of happiness of the college students of Notre Dame of Midsayap College as well as the relationship between these two variables. The researchers used descriptive- correlational research design and purposive sampling technique in gathering data through a survey questionnaire administered to 50 respondents who are active users of different online multimedia. The findings of the study revealed that online multimedia screen time and level of happiness have a significant relationship. Furthermore, contrary to the findings of previous studies, this study suggests that if online multimedia screen time is increased, students’ level of happiness also increases.
 

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