bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First principles investigation of growth of small Pd-Ga bimetallic clusters on MgO(100) surface
Authors: Kumar Nandha , Chattaraj Debabrata , Kaul Indu , Majumder Chiranjib , Ghosh Prasenjit
Published: May 2019

Adsorption and diffusion of small sized PdGa bimetallic clusters on the MgO(100) surface are studied by density functional theory, and the growth mechanism of these bimetallic clusters is studied by graph-theoretical kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. All the pure clusters except Ga tetramers are found to be mobile on the surface, and the slow kinetics of Ga tetramers is attributed to its planar shape. At 300 K, all these clusters are kinetically stable and the vacancy sites act as the trapping centers. Upon increasing the temperature, Ga2, Ga3, and Pd1Ga2 clusters tend to escape from the vacancy sites rather than decomposing, whereas all other clusters tend to decompose. The growth of the pure Pd and Ga clusters is heterogeneous, though the elementary reactions involved in the growth process for these two clusters are very different. For the bimetallic PdGa clusters, our simulations show that the thermodynamically more stable Pd adatoms trapped at the vacancy site act as nucleation centers for the cluster growth, and the freely mobile Ga adatoms significantly influence the kinetics of cluster formation. When bimetallic clusters are grown by depositing Pd and Ga adatoms with an equal deposition rate, the bimetallic clusters are formed in the large proportion, especially the clusters with 1:1 atomic ratio are found in the highest fraction. Further, the clusters with the desired stoichiometric ratios can be obtained in a large fraction by varying the deposition rates of the Pd and Ga adatoms on the surface.
Rectification of chiral active particles driven by transversal temperature difference
Authors: Ai Bao-quan , Li Jia-jian , Li Zhu-qin , Xiong Jian-wen , He Ya-feng
Published: May 2019

Rectification of chiral active particles driven by transversal temperature difference is investigated in a two-dimensional periodic channel. Chiral active particles can be rectified by transversal temperature difference. Transport behaviors are qualitatively different for different wall boundary conditions. For the sliding boundary condition, the direction of transport completely depends on the chirality of particles. The average velocity is a peaked function of angular velocity or temperature difference. The average velocity increases linearly with the self-propulsion speed, while it decreases monotonically with the increase in the packing fraction. For randomized boundary condition, the transport behaviors become complex. When self-propulsion speed is small, in contrast with the sliding boundary condition, particles move in the opposite direction. However, for large self-propulsion speed, current reversals can occur by continuously changing the system parameters (angular velocity, temperature difference, packing fraction, and width of the channel).
Compressibility factor of natural gas determination by means of molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Moiseeva E. F. , Malyshev V. L.
Published: May 2019

Forecasting of phase behavior and PVT-properties of natural gas is one of the major tasks during the developing and operation of gas and gas condensate fields. Each stage – from an exploration to transportation and storage of gas is followed by continuous changes of thermobaric conditions. This causes changes of thermodynamic properties of gas, one of which is compressibility factor. The comparative study of the existing theoretical methods of compressibility factor determination is given in the presented work: based on the equation of state and empirical correlations. Besides, the alternative approach based on molecular dynamics simulations with the Lennard-Jones potential is offered. The analysis of the received results is carried out on the basis of 165 experimental data for 5 various mixtures of natural gas covering temperatures of 310.9 – 344.4 K and pressure range of 7.074 - 48.443 MPa. The statistical analysis shows that the molecular dynamics method shows the minimum error and is suitable for determination of z-factor of mixtures with methane content more than 90%. For mixtures with the high content of carbon dioxide the Peng-Robinson equation of state with shift-parameter shows the minimum error.
An effective semiclassical approach to IR spectroscopy
Authors: Micciarelli Marco , Gabas Fabio , Conte Riccardo , Ceotto Michele
Published: May 2019

We present a novel approach to calculate molecular infrared (IR) spectra based on semiclassical (SC) molecular dynamics. The main advance from a previous SC method [M. Micciarelli et al. J. Chem. Phys. 149, 064115 (2018)] consists of the possibility to avoid state-to-state calculations making applications to systems characterized by sizable densities of vibrational states feasible. Furthermore, this new method accounts not only for positions and intensities of the several absorption bands which make up the IR spectrum but also for their shapes. We show that accurate SC IR spectra including quantum effects and anharmonicities for both frequencies and intensities can be obtained starting from SC power spectra. The approach is first tested against the water molecule and then applied to the 10-atom glycine amino acid.
Robust coexistence with alternative competition strategy in the spatial cyclic game of five species
Authors: Park Junpyo , Jang Bongsoo
Published: May 2019

Alternative strategy is common in animal populations to promote reproductive fitness by obtaining resources. In spatial dynamics of cyclic competition, reproduction can occur when individuals obtain vacant rooms and, in this regard, empty sites should be resources for reproduction which can be induced by interspecific competition. In this paper, we study the role of alternative competition in the spatial system of cyclically competing five species by utilizing rock-paper-scissors-lizard-spock game. From Monte-Carlo simulations, we found that strong alternative competition can lead to the reemergence of coexistence of five species regardless of mobility, which is never reported in previous works under the symmetric competition structure. By investigating the coexistence probability, we also found that coexistence alternates by passing certain degrees of alternative competition in combination with mobility. In addition, we provided evidences in the opposite scenario by strengthening spontaneous competition, which exhibits the reemergence of coexistence similarly. Our findings may suggest more comprehensive perspectives to interpret mechanisms for biodiversity by alternative strategies in spatially extended systems than previously reported.
A Zoroastrian Dispute in the Caliph’s Court: TheGizistag Abālišin its Early Islamic Context
Authors: Sahner Christian C.
Published: May 2019

TheGizistag Abālišis a ninth- or tenth-century Pahlavi text, recording a debate which took place at the court of al-Maʾmūn between a Zoroastrian priest and a heretical dualist. This article, the first in-depth study of this important work, examines the text in its broader Islamicate environment. It argues that the narrative itself is probably fictional, but reflects a real historical phenomenon, namely the interreligious debates which took place among Zoroastrians, Muslims, Christians, and Jews during the ʿAbbasid period. It argues that the text is a unique Zoroastrian example of a literary genre that was common among Christians at the time, namely, “the monk in the emir’s majlis.” By comparing theGizistag Abālišto these Christian texts, it explores why Zoroastrians generally did not launch explicit polemics against Islam, comparable to those of other non-Muslim communities. It seems that Zoroastrian authors were more concerned with explaining their own doctrines than critiquing the beliefs of others. This is curious considering the large numbers of Zoroastrians who were converting to Islam at the time. Finally, the article proposes new ways of refining the way we read Pahlavi texts, by analyzing them alongside the literatures of other religious communities in the early Islamic empire.
Friction Hydro-Pillar Processing and Tungsten Inert Gas Welding of a Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: de Lima Lessa Cleber Rodrigo , Martinazzi Douglas , Figueiredo Arlan Pacheco , Lemos Guilherme Vieira Braga , Reguly Afonso
Published: May 2019

This work presents friction hydro-pillar processing (FHPP) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of SAF2205 duplex stainless steel. Weld microstructural and mechanical characterisation were carried out based on the standards (DNV-RP-F112 and DNV-OS-F101). Therefore, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used. In addition, mechanical properties were evaluated by microhardness measurements. Furthermore, the joining processes were thermodynamically simulated for confirmation of the expected phases in each welding method. It was possible to verify the phases developed after the experimental welding (FHPP and TIG) as well as the ones obtained in the thermodynamic analyses. Finally, it was noted that FHPP promoted mechanical and metallurgical features requested by the standards.
Antioxidant potency of various mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana,L) pericarp extract fractions on HbA1c and fasting blood glucose level in diabetic mice
Authors: Husen S A , Hayaza S , Susilo J K , Setyawan F , Zuraidah A A , Winarni D , Darmanto W
Published: May 2019

This study is purposed to explore the antioxidant potency of various mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) pericarp extract fractions on HbA1c and fasting blood glucose level in diabetic mice. Study conducted using 3-4 months old male mice as models. Animal models split into 2 main groups; non-STZ normal control group and STZ-treated diabetic mice. STZ induced via multiple low dose method of 30 mg/kg BW administered for 5 days (given daily). Diabetic mice group then divided into 3 subgroups, which were diabetic control group, Metformin-HCl diabetic group, and treatment group given with various mangosteen pericarp extract fractions. Treatment group separated into 3 groups based on various fraction administered; 18 mg/kg BW non-polar (NP) fraction, 80 mg/kg BW semi-polar (SP) fraction, and 50 mg/kg BW polar (P) fraction. All fraction dose equals to 2.5 gram/kg BW of powdered mangosteen pericarp extract dry weight. Control group and various extract fractions treated for 14 days. Body weight, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose level (after mice fasted for 5-6 hours) measured on 15th day. Result shows significant differences on HbA1c and fasting blood glucose level of treatment group compared to control group, specifically non-polar and polar fraction treatment significantly reduce HbA1c and fasting blood glucose level of diabetic mice.
Phytoremediation of domestic wastewater (detergent) with arrowhead and burhead plants in Purwodadi Botanic Garden
Authors: Adistiara V Y , Kustiyaningsih E , Irawanto R
Published: May 2019

The aquatic plants is use for reduce the organic materials levels contained in the domestic wastewater. Some aquatic plants can be used as a phytoremediator in an effort to overcome water pollution, one of them is Arrowhead (Sagittaria lancifolia) and Burhead (Echinodorus radicans). The aim of this research is to know how Arrowhead and Burhead plants as phytoremediation of domestic wastewater (detergent) in Purwodadi Botanic Garden. The design of this study was Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 2 factors: crop treatment on medium and locus of domestic wastewater concentration (detergent) 0 g/L (as control); 0,05 g/L; 0,1 g/L; 0,15 g/L. The data observation are plant morphology, plant water level, plant biomass at the beginning and end of environment and environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity. The results obtained were no significant morphology of Echinodorus radicans plants observed in green and fresh colours, for water levels of 0,05 g/L, decreased by 0,5 cm, concentrations of 0,1 g/L down 0,6 cm, concentration 0,15 g/L down 1 cm. At the observation of biomass difference of 0,05 g/L concentration of 3,6 g; 0,1 g/L concentration of 5,6 g; 0,15 g/L concentration of 8,6 g. On observation the average temperature is 22-25°C and the moisture average 52-64%. The results obtained were for morphology Sagittaria lancifolia mortality rate, for water level with concentration 0,05 g/L, amount 0,4 cm; concentration 0,1 g/L or decreased 0,3 cm; concentration 0,15 g/L decreased 0,4 cm. At the observation of biomass difference of 0,05 g/L concentration of 5,5 g; 0,1 g/L concentration of 3,5 g; 0,15 g/L concentration of 39,7 g. On observation the average temperature is 22-25°C and the average moisture averages 60-64%.
Heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) concentrations in edible bivalves harvested from Northern Coast of Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianto B , Oetari P S , Februhardi S , Putranto T W C , Soegianto A
Published: May 2019

This study measured the concentration of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in bivalves captured from the northern coast of Central Java, Indonesia. We also evaluated the hazard level posed by the metals in relation to the maximum acceptable limit (MAL) for human consumption and to estimate the weekly intake and compare it with the provisional tolerable weekly intake. The highest Cd levels were recorded in Amusium pleuronectes (16.32 mg Cd/kg) and the lowest levels of Cd were observed in Perna viridis (0.18 mg Cd/kg). A. granosa contained the highest level of Pb (9.050 mg Pb/kg) and P. viridis contained the lowest level of Pb (1.07mg Pb/kg). The lowest Cu level was observed in A. granosa (1.49 mg Cu/kg) and the highest Cu level was noted in C. gigas (86.21 mg Cu/kg). The levels of Zn in all species were relatively higher compared to other metals, ranged from 33.56 to 846.81 mg Zn/kg. The Cd level in bivalves was below the MAL of WHO and FAO (2 mg/kg), except in A. pleuronectes from Tegal city. The level of Pb in bivalves was exceeded the MAL value of the various existing authorities. Cu level in C. gigas (59.2 mg Cu/kg) exceeded the MAL of Indonesian authority and WHO. Zn levels in C. gigas, A. pleuronectes and A. granosa exceeded the MAL of various authorities. In order to avoid the impact of metals on people health, then safely weight of bivalves were allowed to be consumed were 0.10 kg/week for A. granosa, 0.10 kg/week for C. gigas, 0.16 kg/week for M. lyrata, 0.36 kg.week for P. viridis and 0.03 kg/week for A. pleuronectes.
Role of Dracaena marginata plants as absorbent of lead (Pb) pollutants in city park of Surabaya: a preliminary study
Authors: Hamidah  , Farli D P
Published: May 2019

Plants Dracaena marginata is a plant that is often used as a plant landscape in the city Park of Surabaya. Dracaena marginata plant is expected to absorb well air pollutants. Air pollutants come from motor vehicles.One of the harmful pollutants that can be absorbed by plants is heavy metal lead (Pb).The aim of this research is to know the role of Dracaena marginata which acts as a landscape plant and its role as absorbant of Pb metal pollutant. The aim of this research is to know the role of Dracaena marginata which acts as a landscape plant and its role as absorbent of Pb metal pollutant. The method used in this research is observational, that is identifying, measuring density and descriptive plant Dracaena marginata. The study sample was taken in two places, namely the city park which is near the big road (lots of pole) and in the park which is small, in the city parks in Surabaya. It also measured the content of Pb metal on leaves by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. From the research results obtained data that found two varieties Dracaena marginata, namely, varieties of green and red. Dracaena marginata is a good plant to absorb Pb pollutants. Dracaena marginata can absorb many Pb metals, but the growth and development of the body is not disturbed (grows well). The conclusions of this study are (1) there are two kinds of Dracaena marginata green var and Dracaena marginata red var (2) Dracaena marginata is a bioindicator can absorb many metal Pb.
Minimizing failure of production quality from refill drinking water in Gubeng District, Surabaya City, using failure mode and effect analysis
Authors: Wahyuningsih I , Karnaningroem N
Published: May 2019

Refill water is one important element in filling the increasing drinking water demand. The price offered by refill water depot is significantly lower than packaged water, however, its quality does not meet the standards, and therefore it will potentially affect people’s health. This risk surfaces if refill water depot installation can’t treat raw water as well as the environment surrounding properly. Thus, identification to refill water production failure cause is needed to minimize the possibility of failure happening. Identification and risk analysis processes are based on risk management concept by using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Failure cause identification is done using fishbone diagram to find the root of the problem causing the failure. The root of the failure will then be given score to determine the biggest risk stated in Risk Priority Number (RPN). RPN value is obtained through multiplying severity, occurrence, and detection. The biggest failure cause in refill water depot is in the disinfection technology used, which is the replacing and contact duration of regulation regarding refill water also causes failure in refill water production process.
Minimizing failure risk of refill drinking water production in Rungkut district Surabaya using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
Authors: Wicaksono A , Karnaningroem N
Published: May 2019

Human necessity toward consumable drinking water increases along with population growth. People nowadays have a hard time obtaining clean water because of polluted river. To meet daily necessity of drinking water, a lot of industries open drinking water business, particularly refill drinking water facility (DAMIU). The utilization of refill drinking water facility has its own hazardous risk because of the doubtful quality, moreover if the customers aren’t paying attention towards the security and hygiene. This study used FMEA (Failure Mode Effect and Analysis) to determine the priority of failure incident in refill drinking water treatment process. This FMEA method was used because FMEA has advantage over other method in term of being more feasible and effective for operational improvement while being able to analyze risk in bigger and more complex scale. To determine the failure, we first did risk identification which contained failures information obtained from interview, quality test, and direct observation. Failure causes risk happened in refill drinking water facilities were analyzed using Fishbone method. The location of the study was in Rungkut District, Surabaya. The parameters used were turbidity, TDS, pH, and Total Coliform. Obtained risk should had a value to be measured and determined for the handling priority and to find improvement effort. The measurement value was called as RPN (Risk Priority Number) which was the multiply value of severity, occurrence, and detection. Based on analysis result using fishbone method there were 4 factors which caused failure for total coliform parameter. Then, it was analyzed using FMEA method, and it was found that failure happened within 3 highest priority, which was UV system contact duration, ozone system contact duration, and disinfection tool replacement and maintenance.
Effort of utilizing foundry sand waste and paper sludge as raw materials replacement for red brand without burning process
Authors: Wati S E D F S , Putranto T W C , Citrasari N
Published: May 2019

This research’s goal is to know the content of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the foundry sand, to know the selected variation as material for red brick without burning process based on SNI 15-2094-2000 on concrete red brick for walls and SNI 15-2094-1991 on the quality and the test method for concrete red brick and to know the content of heavy metal Zn from leaching process of the selected variations. The content of SiO2 and Al2O3 were tested by using X-Ray Fluorescence method, while the content of Zn at leached was tested by using Atomic Abrsoption Spectophotometry. The non-burning brick quality test was conducted in 5 stages, which are external display test, size and tolerance test, compressive strength test, harmful salt test, pseudo-density test and water absorption test. Variations of materials used are foundry sand: paper sludge: compactor ingredient in percentage is Variation A 75%:15%:10%; B 65%:25%:10%; C 55%:35%:10%; D 45%:45%:10%; E 0%:90%:10%; F 90%:0%:10%; and the Control Variation is G 90% sand:10%. The content of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the foundry sand are respectively 66.90% and 12.78%. The content of Zn in paper sludge is 54 mg/kg. The results of red brick testing shows that the selected variations are variations A, B, F which classified to Brick classs 50. Content of Zn in red brick leaching process of the selected variations are variations A, B, and F are respectively 0.61; 0.89; 0.21 mg/L.
Termiticidal Activities of The Bark Crude Extract of Derris Elliptica Benth Against Coptotermes sp
Authors: Arif A , Muin M , Syahidah  , Muliyani S
Published: May 2019

Tuba (Derris elliptica) is one of the insecticide-producing plant which can reduce the pest population due to its active compound, rotenone (C23H2206). The rotenone is deposit in all parts of tuba plant, as such as roots, stems, and leaves. The aim of this research aims was to evaluate the effectiveness of tuba bark extract against subterranean termite Coptotermes sp. The powder of tuba bark extract with 40-60 mesh size macerated with the ethanol by solvent obtains the extract. The extract was made into varions concentration namely 0,5%, 1%, and 1,5%, and applied to the paper disc. There are two types of termite test in this study, namely toxicity test and respiratory test. The mortality of termite and the weight loss of the paper disc were used as indicators of extract activity. The result showed that the concentration of 1,5% indicated the highest mortality from both of two types of test. This study was similar for the lowest weight loss of sample which was also given by concentration 1,5%.
Assessing drought vulnerability using climate change models around Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Barkey R , Nursaputra M , Mappiase MF
Published: May 2019

Climate variability causes increased rainfall intensity in the rainy season and an increase in the number of dry season days. This condition almost occurs in all parts of Indonesia, especially in the southern part of South Sulawesi Province, which has a fairly complex ecosystem characteristics, one of which is the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park ecosystem which has the character of a special landscape in the form of karst area and many community activities in several buffer villages. In Maros, Pangkep and Bone Regencies depend on their livelihood in the region. One of the impacts of climate change occurring around the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park area is the increasing potential for drought. Drought occurrences in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park mostly occur due to the low rainfall in the dry season which is facilitated by the characteristics of the land in the form of karst area which very quickly passes water down the surface so that the water concentration in the surface is very low. Drought hazard analysis in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park Area was studied using the Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model by analyzing the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (groundwater content) in actual conditions (climate period 2004-2013) and projected climate change in the 2030s period, using RCP 4.5 scenario (rainfall scenario tends to decrease) and RCP 6.0 (rainfall scenario tends to increase). Based on the analysis of the vulnerability model, it was found that some regions of the buffer villages of Bantimurung Balasaraung National Park had very high levels of vulnerability to drought hazards. The high level of vulnerability in actual conditions covers an area of 22,727.75 ha, and in the climate change scenario, 4.5 RCP covers 24,584.08 ha and RCP 6.0 scenarios covering an area of 20,642.81 ha.
Composition of bacteria types in the guts of Odontotermes sp. and Coptotermes sp. Preliminary study
Authors: Djunaid A , Yastrib I , Arif A , Muin M
Published: May 2019

Termites (Arthropoda: Isoptera) are social insects and well known as the most lignocellulose digesting insects with a great diversity of symbiont bacteria in their guts. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria types present in the termite guts of Odontotermes sp. and Coptotermes sp. These bacteria were isolated from the termite guts and characterized by using morphological observation and stain Gram test. Results showed that there were 19 colonies of bacteria isolated from Coptotermes sp. guts and 37 colonies of bacteria isolated from Odontotermes sp. In the lower termite Coptotermes sp., two bacterial isolates with different morphological characteristics were found, namely isolate BcCo-1 with Coccus form and BbCo-2 with Bacillus form. The bacteria present in the lower termite species consisted of 84% Coccus form and 16% Bacillus form. Both of the bacterial isolates were Gram positive. In the higher termite Odontotermes sp., two types of bacteria isolates were also found, namely BbOd-1 and BbOd-2 isolates. Both of the bacterial isolates were Bacillus forms and Gram positive. Isolate BbOd-1 has round shape, entire edges and flat elevation, meanwhile isolate BbOd-2 has a round shape, serrate edges, and convex elevation. In order to verify the species of the bacteria types, molecular diagnostic is truly needed.
The Mapping Out of Maros-Pangkep Karst Forest as a Cultural Heritage Conservation
Authors: Duli A , Mulyadi Y , Rosmawati
Published: May 2019

Maros-Pangkep Karst Forest is a biological wealth that has an important role in maintaining the sustainability of the macro environment ecosystem in this region. The maintenance of the MarosPangkep Karst Forest has a positive impact on ecosystem sustainability, which guarantees the continuation of cultural heritage from the past in the form of prehistoric caves in the region. Therefore, arranging the Maros-Pangkep Karst Forest principally is either for preserving the environmental ecosystem or for maintaining the cultural ecosystem as well. Thus the Maros-Pangkep Karst Forest must always be well organized and managed. This is due to the utilization of mining potential in this area which has an impact on the destruction of karst forests. The method of comparison of previous research data conducted in this article shows that efforts to organize the Maros-Pangkep Karst Forest need to be done immediately, due to the efforts of the current government to propose this area as Unesco Global Geopark.
Observation of morphological and physiological characteristics on Abangares Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) In South Sulawesi
Authors: Larekeng S H , Restu M , Arsyad M A , Mutia
Published: May 2019

The one of identification system using morphophysiological analyses for breeding program Mahogany is needed. Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is a tree species which is easy to cultivate as it is able to thrive in a great variety of habitats and soil types. Here, we present a study on the relationship between morphological and physiological parameters on S. macrophylla. The study was carried out in a seed orchard of Mahogany in genetic resource area of 2ndForest Seed/Seedling Office, Gowa district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in October 2017 up to March 2018. Morphological and physiological analyses were performed on 31 S. macrophylla leaf samples. The morphological parameters consisted of leaf color, leaf shape, leaf tip, leaf base, leaf margin, upper leaf surface texture, leaf venation, and tree diameter. Meanwhile, the physiological ones were chlorophyll content, leaf area, and water content. Leaf samples were divided into three colors, two leaf shapes, and three leaf base shapes. They also had tapered leaf tip, pinnate venation, and glabrous leaf surface. The chlorophyll content and leaf area had a very low coefficient correlation, whereas leaf area and water content showed very high coefficient correlation. The relation between morphology and physiology could be determined by the correspondence between chlorophyll content and leaf color. The higher chlorophyll content, the greener the observed leaf.
RAPD primer screening for amplification on Katokkon pepper from Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Larekeng S H , Dermawan R , Iswoyo H , Mustari K
Published: May 2019

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a well-known molecular marker that extensively applied to the genetic diversity analysis among species in the populations. Here, this marker was utilized in Katokkon pepper (Capsicum chinenseJacq.), a highland pepper and having unique characteristics cultivated in specific regions (Tana Toraja and North Toraja), on preliminary primer screening using 30 RAPD primer pairs. A total of eight primers (OPA-02, OPAE-11, OPG-09, M-29, OPP-08, OPG-19, OPZ-05, and OPD-20) could produce polymorphic bands on twelve randomly selected DNA samples. OPA-02, OPP-08, OPG-19, OPZ-05, and OPD-20 generated polymorphic bands on all twelve evaluated samples, yet OPZ-05 was excluded in further analysis due to producing unclear bands. Clear and polymorphic bands were formed by OPAE-11 on eleven samples, whilst OPG-09 and M-29 only produced bands on ten samples. The primers are suitable to be used for amplifying DNA and determining the genetic diversity of Katokkon pepper in further analyses.
Tree diversity and forest composition of a Bornean heath forest, Indonesia
Authors: Maimunah S , Capilla BR , Armadiyanto  , Harrison ME
Published: May 2019

Heath Forest on Borneo is a forest type mostly found between the transitions from the peat-swamp forests in lowlands to the Dipterocarp Forest in hillier areas. Heath forest soil structure is characterized by a dominant sand layer with a thin organic horizon on top. Tropical Heath Forest has been understudied and undervalued for many years, considered as a low-diversity habitat due to a nutrient-poor sandy soil, unable to aggregate and bind nutrients, resulting in stunted, low canopy forest. Despite its reputation, our research in the KHDTK Mungku Baru(it is a Forest Area with Special Purpose (KHDTK)) in southern Central Kalimantan is revealing heath forest of remarkably high quality, with large trees, high canopy and high biodiversity, including important endemic and emblematic flora and fauna species. Fourteen 30 m x 30 m nested plots were established, where all the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter breast height (DBH) were identified and measured. Additional 5 x 5m and 2 x2 m nested plots were used to define the micro-habitat and soil composition, determining the pH, organic layer depth, water moisture, and canopy cover. A total of 1,007 trees were recorded, representing 87 species in 58 genus and 40 families. Soil layers exhibited visual differences and analysis of soil composition was used to define 2 sub-habitat types of Heath Forest, named as Black sand Heath Forest (BHF) and White sand heath forest (WHF). Significant differences were found on peat/organic layer depth (BHF 26.4 cm; WHF 6.1 cm) and soil moisture (BHF 18.3 %; WHF 11.1 %). Independent analysis for the tree community compositions was done for each sub-habitat type. Few differences were found between sub-habitat types on DBH (BHF 18.9 ± 11.7 cm; WHF 18.6 ± 9.7 cm) and tree height (BHF 18.9 ±5.5 m; WHF 17.9 ± 5.4 m). Tree species composition analysis reveals in both cases a high species richness, with no differences in distribution (Simpson’s Diversity Index BHF=0.96; WHF=0.95) but significant differences in species abundance (Fisher’s alpha index BHF=23.74; WHF=18.01). BHF is a more homogeneous sub-habitat type, dominated by species belonging to Dipterocarpaceae (19.5 %), Myrtaceae (19.2 %) and Sapotaceae (13 %) families, whereas WHF is largely dominated by Dipterocarpaceae species (43.4 %) includingDipterocarpus borneensisandShorea teysmanniana. The preliminary results of this study indicate that the Central Kalimantan’s Heath Forest presents high tree species diversity with high conservation value, with potentially 2 different sub-habitat types characterized by their soil and tree composition. This highlights the importance of protecting this rare and understudied habitat in the context of Borneo biodiversity conservation.
Inheritance of Radial Fruit Cracking Resistance in Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Mustafa M , Syukur M , Sutjahjo S H , sobir
Published: May 2019

The shift of tomato cultivation from highlands to lowlands caused damage to the fruit due to fruit cracking. The damage was caused by high temperatures. This study aimed to determine the inheritance pattern of radial fruit cracking resistance and the characters that are directly related to fruit cracking so that it can recommend the right selection method for assembling radial fruit cracking resistant tomato. This study used six sets of population namely P1 female parents who were resistant to radial fruit cracking (IPB T64), P2 male parents who were sensitive to radial fruit cracking (IPB T73), F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, and F2. Mendel’s analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative characters, and joint scaling test was used to the estimation of the actin genre of quantitative character. The results of the analysis showed that the character of the number of locules, the thickness of the fruit flesh and percentage of fruit cracking per plant were controlled by polygenes and there was no maternal effect. The herritability in a broad and narrow sense for all characters was moderate to high with a proportion of additives variance to total high genetic variability. The gene action for the number of locules was dominant epistasis x dominates and duplicates, for thicknesses of fruit flesh and fruit additive x dominan duplicate epistasis, and the number of fruit cracking by dominant epistasis gene x dominance, which was complementary. Radial fruit cracking which was controlled by the action of dominant epistasis gene by both parents with resistant genotype was FC3-FC4-, FC3FC3-fc4fc4, fc3fc3-FC4FC4
and genotype which was susceptible to radial fruit cracking was FC3fc3- fc4fc4, fc3fc3-FC4fc4
and fc3fc3- fc4fc4
. The selection method which was appropriate for the development of the best type of tomatoes that were resistant to fruit cracking was the pedigree method.
Testing of two microsporidia isolates towards breeds of silkworm resistance
Authors: Nuraeni S , Arif A , Sadapotto A
Published: May 2019

Pebrine disease is a significant disease attacking silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) caused by microsporidia (Nosema bombycis Nageli). This research aims to test breeds of silkworm that are resistant to pebrine disease. Microsporidia are isolated from local seeds (PL-614) and imported seeds (PC-614). The resistance of four breeds of the silkworm is tested by applying the topical method to mulberry leaves sized 3x4 cm2 for the third instar larvae and 5x7 cm2 for the fourth instar larvae. Each spore concentration of microsporid isolates used is 1x105 per ml. The research result shows that breeds of new seeds, namely SS01, SS02, and SS03 are resistant to infection of the two isolates. This research is useful as a reference for the regional or central government to release breeds of new seeds that can replace or complete the existing seeds.
The dynamics of variations in carbon biomass in community forest and agroforestry in South Sulawesi
Authors: Paembonan S A , Putranto B , Millang S , Nurkin B
Published: May 2019

Knowledge of the variation of potential carbon stocks in different types of forests provides information about the capabilities of each forest type in dealing with climate change mitigation. This research was conducted to determine the dynamics of carbon stocks in gofasa plantation community forests and compared to other land use systems in South Sulawesi. The research used sample plots 20 m x 50 m to measure tree biomass and 1 m x 1 m sub plots for undergrowth and litter. The results of the study indicated that there were variations of potential carbon stocks in plantation community forests and agroforestry. Carbon stocks in plantation community forest were varied according to the condition and age of forest stand. The total aboveground carbon stocks in homogenous gofasa stand ranged from 22.34 to 52.65 ton/ha by the difference in stand ages, while in mixed community forest was 77.60 ton/ha. As for agroforestry system, the carbon stocks ranged from 46.40 to 65.89 ton/ha. The dynamics of variations in carbon stocks in plantation community forest and agroforestry were determined by several variables such as species composition, stand age, and stand density. Therefore, a good management of community forests and agroforestry systems will ensure the mitigation of climate changes and environmental preservation through effective carbon storage.
Community Forest Management for Sustainable Local Agriculture Development in Ban Huay Pu Kang, Thailand
Authors: Pinthukas N
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on community forest management of the villagerby using descriptive statistic. The data received from group discussion and interview with village headman, forestry officers, and members in community. The result showed that in the area there was no upstream management in community area, inefficiency of reservoir and unamend dam due to lack of water for agriculture. Conversely, flood in agricultural area was found as a problem. As a result, community leader, forestry officers, and community members of Ban Huey Poo cooperated to resolve the guideline of community forest management in order to bring traditions and culture of community, as the strong point of social capital, altogether with forestry principles such as check dam, and tradition of spirit thanks event for caring the upstream, and to build network with external organizations based on community’s needs. The key result which happened to community was to have water resources for sustainable agriculture and to bring about the learning process of people in community so that people could rely on for continuous mutual benefit, upstream conservation, livestock area, water and food resource, and activities arrangement of sustainable community forestry management.
Analysis Growth and Makro Hara Elements Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), JATI (Tectona grandis) in Gorontalo
Authors: Sandalayuk D , Lahjie A M , Simarangkir B D A S , Ruslim Y
Published: May 2019

To know the growth analysis of Jabon (Antocephaluscadamba) and Teak (Tectona grandis). Need to measure and see the growth in a certain period where a certain moment of growth will decrease, analyze the soil nutrients in the lab so that the consideration in the maintenance and fertilizer done regularly. Consideration for harvesting as needed in wood or plywood processing. The method used Where all the jabon, mahogany, gmelina, pine, and teak trees in the pathway are measured in height and perimeter for use in the calculation of the basal area and the content or volume of the tree (100% Census). To find out the macronutrients on the soil, the samples were extracted by digging a depth of A. 0-20 cm, depth B, 20 - 40 cm, C depth, 40 - 60 cm at 4 (four) points in each type and mixed evenly each plot or stand as much as 1 kg for the macro elements analyzed namely: N, P, K, Ca, Mg S, to know which element is lacking on each stand of plant forest [1]. Implementation of research. This implementation was carried out to make a plot by using a metering string of raffia for the plot’s circumference; the tree began to be measured by using tree labels with sequential numbering. The tree was measured around using a tall meter of trees using Christenmeter with a 4 m. Soil sampling on topsoil using a crowbar to 0-60 cm depth of 1 kg each type of stand at each layer 0-20 m, 20-40 m and 40-60 m to be analyzed in laboratory quantitative and qualitative. Mean Growth at age 3 years and diameter of jabon 4.66 cm of trees, year total volume 52.28 m3ha1, MAI 17,43 m3, CAI 30,95 m3, Medium point intersection MAI (mean annual increment) 30,52 m3 and CAI (current annual increment) 30.69 m3 occurs at the age of 10 years with some of Volume 305,21 m3 ha1. In Jabon growing area it can be seen that the availability of macronutrients in Jabon plants, N content, at a depth of 20 cm low 0.1%, medium K element so low at a depth of 20, 40, 60 cm only 0.37, 0.29 and 0.61 me 100gr1 (< 10 me 100 gr1), Slayer 20 is 9.97 me 100gr1 (6- 20 me 100gr1) neutral soil with pH 7. So the jabon plants still lack N, P, K and S need to be added to the layer of 20 cm depth. Teak growth at age 10 years after the inventory of an area of I ha of 614 trees with a diameter of 13 cm tahun1, volume amount 42.40.m3 ha1 and MAI 4.24 and CAI 9.83 m3. At the time when MAI 10.55 m3 and CAI 10.26 m3, intersected at one point then it was allowed to harvest age 32 years the amount of volume 337.45 m3 ha1. Analysis of the growth of a tree species and know the nutrient needs of the soil nutrient qualitative nutrients needed Teak plant can be seen element N on the soil is still very low, Mg very high because more than 8 me 100gr1 medium Ca also very high more than 20me 100gr1, P 0.37 me 100gr1, K 0.32 me 100gr1 and S 0.16 depth 20 cm Very low at pH 7.7 So it is necessary to add N, P, K, and S.
Environmental Carrying Capacity based on Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Development in Banggai Island
Authors: Sangadji M N , Edy N , Nursalam  , Rahman A , Mozin S , Rahmatu R , Lakani I , Machmud Z , Musbah M
Published: May 2019

Environmental carrying capacity based on ecosystem services has been widely used to maintain the environment against development. Environmental carrying capacity assessed in this study to estimate the ability of Banggai Island regency in provisioning food and water, regulating water flow and flood, and regulating of prevention and protection of natural disasters. The environmental carrying capacity was calculated based on ecoregion, vegetation, and land cover. The results subsequently presented in the map. This study pronounced that Banggai Island has a lower environmental carrying capacity for food water provision, as well as protection against natural disasters. This study is highlight carrying capacity profile of Banggai Island as a possible tool for government and multi-stakeholders in directing the development.
Character evaluation and selection of tropical wheat lines in the long period of the dry season and high temperature
Authors: Syahruddin K , Nur A , Azrai M , Larekeng S H
Published: May 2019

The problem in the development of wheat crops today is climate change that reduces wheat production in almost all regions of the world. It has an impact on rising temperatures and limited water supplies that can cause drought stress. These problems became the main issue of world wheat crop development. Therefore, the assembly of adapted varieties of wheat that adapted to climate change is crucial. This study aims to evaluate characters and select wheat lines based on the yield and yield component characters and to obtain tolerant wheat lines under those natural stress in tropical environments. The study used 56 wheat lines and 6 released varieties for controls, 3 replications with Randomized Block Design. Character evaluation shows significant differences in a large number of observational characters except for the number of seeds/spike and moisture content. Characters that can be used for selection and evaluation of promising lines are all characteristics of the yield and yield components except the Number of Seed Per spike (NSS) and Water Content (WC) characters. Promising lines were G5, G8 and G11 became potential selection lines with potential yields of 3, 3.39 and 3.03.
Publishing without belief
Authors: Plakias Alexandra
Published: May 2019

Is there anything wrong with publishing philosophical work which one does not believe (publishing without belief, henceforth referred to as ‘PWB’)? I argue that there is not: the practice isn’t intrinsically wrong, nor is there a compelling consequentialist argument against it. Therefore, the philosophical community should neither proscribe nor sanction it. The paper proceeds as follows. First, I’ll clarify and motivate the problem, using both hypothetical examples and a recent real-world case. Next, I’ll look at arguments that there is something wrong with PWB, and show that none is sound. Then, I’ll give some reasons for thinking a norm against PWB is detrimental to the profession. Do I believe these arguments? If I’m right, it shouldn’t matter.
Occupational Exposure to Antibiotics in Poultry Feeding Farms
Authors: Paul Roland , Gerling Susanne , Berger Marion , Blümlein Katharina , Jäckel Udo , Schuchardt Sven
Published: May 2019

Today, antibiotics are essential for effective treatment of infectious diseases both in human and veterinary medicine. The increasing development and distribution of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are subject of concern. In some sectors of animal agriculture, such as poultry feeding farms, the application of antibiotics and hence occupational exposure is inevitable. In the past, numerous studies focussed on the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in livestock farming, but little attention was paid to the employees. The exposure of workers to antibiotics was the focus of the study detailed in this article. Four biomonitoring campaigns monitoring systemic exposure of workers to antibiotics were run at two farms over four fattening periods. Urine samples of potentially affected employees were sampled and analysed for the antibiotics of interest by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The highest antibiotic concentrations detected in urine samples exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration of some bacteria strains. In some cases, the amount of antibiotics excreted over a time-period of 24 h indicated the exceedance of the tolerable daily intake.
Plasticity of phenotype and heteroblasty in contrasting populations of Acacia koa
Authors: Rose Kyle M E , Mickelbart Michael V , Jacobs Douglass F
Published: May 2019

Background and Aims

Heteroblastic plant species, whose morphology or growth habit changes suddenly during development, offer unique opportunities to investigate the role of selection in canalizing development or increasing the adaptive importance of plasticity. Leaf forms of the Hawaiian tree Acacia koa (koa) change morphologically and physiologically during the first year of growth, providing time to study abiotic factors influencing transition rates relative to other Acacia species.

Methods

The roles of light and water availability in triggering transition to the mature leaf form in contrasting (wet/dry) ecotypes of koa were investigated using a novel modelling technique to distinguish between chronological and ontogenetic controls in triggering transition. A light quality treatment was included to test interactions of heterophylly (the presence of multiple leaf forms) with heteroblastic processes on the resulting phenotype at transition.

Key Results

Increased light intensity increased transition rates, but reduced red to far-red light (R:FR) ratios did not affect transition rates, solidifying the current paradigm of heteroblasty. However, evidence was found for earlier transition ontogenetically under water stress, which is not part of the current paradigm and could differentiate the role of heteroblasty in some Acacia species versus other heteroblastic species. Ecotypic responses also indicate that plasticity of development could vary across koa’s range and the adaptive significance of heteroblasty could be marginalized or amplified dependent on the disparate selective pressures present across koa’s range.

Conclusions

The use of novel survival functions and a species with an elongated transition time helped to elucidate abiotic modifiers of ontogenetic trajectories. Differences in ontogenetic trajectories between contrasting ecotypes suggest that ongoing climate and land use change will have non-uniform effects on koa regeneration and establishment dynamics across its range.