bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient material descriptions for modelling high-temperature processes
Authors:   Ex Mente Technologies, Zietsman J H ,   University of Pretoria
Published: September 2024

The transition to more sustainable metal production is receiving much attention at present, and the iron and steel industry is at the centre of the conversation. New, more environmentally friendly production technologies, such as direct reduced iron (DRI) smelting furnaces, need to be developed in a short period of time. This necessitates increased use of computational modelling that incorporates more accurate material descriptions. The combination of large-scale multiphysics models of high-temperature processes with CALPHAD material descriptions leads to infeasible computation times. This can be resolved with the previously reported RapidThermo framework, which has been demonstrated to make equilibrium calculations orders of magnitude faster, within controllable limits of accuracy. In this paper, we explain how further material properties, which are important to modelling high-temperature reactors, can be added to the RapidThermo framework. This can improve the accuracy and usefulness of process and multiphysics models in the development of new technologies, which can significantly accelerate development cycles.
Coupled phase diagram experiments and thermodynamic modelling of the CaO-SiO2-Ga2O3 system for Ga recycling
Authors:   Seoul National University, Choe W O , Jung I H ,   Seoul National University
Published: September 2024

Gallium (Ga)-containing compounds such as Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) are widely used in electronic devices due to their superior electro-optical properties and their usages increase rapidly. For the sustainable supply of Ga to electronic industry, therefore, the recycling of Gallium becomes essential. Pyrometallurgical Ga recycling process involves the complex chemical reactions between slag, matte, liquid metal, gas, refractories, etc. Therefore, the accurate thermodynamic information and phase diagram data for the oxide system containing Ga2O3 is important. In the present study, new phase diagram experiments for binary SiO2-Ga2O3 and ternary CaO-SiO2-Ga2O3 system are carried out using Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and quenching experiments followed by Electron Probe Micro-Analyser (EPMA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) phase analysis. Based on new phase diagram data and available literature data, the thermodynamic modelling of the entire CaO-SiO2-Ga2O3 system is performed for the first time.
Electrolytic reduction of metal sulfides/oxides in molten salts for sustainable metal production
Authors:   SWERIM AB, Hu X , Sundqvist Ökvist L ,   Luleå University of Technology, Björkvall J ,   SWERIM AB
Published: September 2024

The metal production industry is a significant contributor to global CO2 emissions due to the use of fossil fuels such as coal and coke. To mitigate these emissions and meet climate goals, innovative and sustainable technologies are required. Molten salt electrolysis is a promising technology that directly produces metals from their precursor sulfides or oxides using electricity. When combined with renewable electricity and an inert anode, the electrolysis process can be carbon neutral. This paper presents the results of two pilot-scale studies on the electrolytic reduction of metal oxides and sulfides in molten salts. The first study focuses on the electrolytic reduction of chalcopyrite in molten NaCl-KCl salt. The results demonstrate that in situ separation of copper, iron, and sulfur is possible, enabling the extraction of all valuable elements without CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the findings underscore the capability to eliminate impurities like zinc, antimony, arsenic, and mercury from the electrolysis product. The second study investigates the electrolytic reduction of pure/synthetic chemicals of wüstite, hematite, and magnetite, as well as a magnetite-type iron ore in molten NaOH salt. The findings reveal a stepwise reduction of iron oxides from high valence to low valence, ultimately leading to the production of metallic iron electrolytically. Notably, this study underscores the challenges associated with the selection of an economically viable and durable inert anode material for efficient oxygen generation. These results indicate that molten salt electrolysis provides a sustainable and green route for base metal production. The use of this technology has the potential to significantly reduce CO2 emissions in the metal production industry, contributing to achieving climate goals.
Impurity capacities of non-ferrous slags
Authors:   University of Alabama, Reddy R G
Published: September 2024

The complexity in treating environmentally harmful impurities such as As, Sb, Bi from the base metal matte or metal in the smelting stage are responsible for the high cost of the refining process. The impurity capacities (such as arsenic, antimony and bismuth) of slags were calculated a priori using Reddy-Blander (RB) model. The capacity predictions were for a wide range of matte and slag compositions in copper smelting conditions. The calculated impurities capacities and impurity distribution ratios results are in good agreement with the available experimental and industrial slags data. The a priori knowledge of impurities is useful for reduction of energy consumption and enhanced environmental control in the current and future non-ferrous metal processes.
Hydrogen plasma in extractive metallurgy application
Authors:   Swinburne University of Technology, Satritama B , Fellicia D ,   Swinburne University of Technology, Pownceby M I ,   CSIRO Mineral Resources, Palanisamy S ,   Swinburne University of Technology, Ang A ,   Swinburne University of Technology, Brooks G A ,   Swinburne University of Technology, Rhamdhani M A ,   Swinburne University of Technology
Published: September 2024

Metal production have long been using carbon sources as both reducing agents and energy sources. Consequently, the global extractive metal sector contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 9.5 per cent. Hydrogen gas offers as a promising eco-friendly alternative to carbon in metallurgical processes, serving as both a reductant and energy supplier with a by-product being only water vapour. However, the implementation of molecular hydrogen faces certain challenges related to the thermodynamics and kinetics of metal oxide reduction. In addressing these challenges, researchers have explored the application of hydrogen plasma, generated by subjecting molecular hydrogen to high energy to produce atomic, ionic and excited hydrogen species. Hydrogen plasma offers thermodynamic and kinetic advantages over molecular hydrogen and carbon-based reductants, exhibiting lower standard Gibbs free energy of reaction and activation energy. Therefore, hydrogen plasma can produce metal in fewer steps, process any oxide feed and feed size and even be used to refine metals. Despite these advantages, challenges exist in utilising hydrogen plasma in extractive metallurgy, including electricity costs, potential reverse reactions and industrial-scale implementation. This study provides a mini review of prior research on hydrogen plasma for metal oxides reduction, particularly iron oxide, as well as state-of-the-art techniques for its use in extractive metallurgy applications by mentioning several reactor types. Future prospects and scale-up possibilities of the hydrogen plasma in extractive metallurgy will also be presented.
Viscosity of CaO-aluminosilicate slags
Authors:   University of Alabama, Zhang Z , Reddy R G ,   University of Alabama
Published: September 2024

Viscosities of CaO-aluminosilicate ternary melts were estimated using a structure-based model. The model considers depolymerisation effects and related breakdown of the silicate network structure on the addition of metal oxides to the melts. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental values over the whole temperature and composition range.
A short review – hydrogen reduction of copper-containing resources
Authors:   Swinburne University of Technology, Fellicia D M , Pownceby M I ,   CSIRO Mineral Resources, Palanisamy S ,   Swinburne University of Technology, Mukhlis R Z ,   Swinburne University of Technology, Rhamdhani M A ,   Swinburne University of Technology
Published: September 2024

The trend of global copper production has prospectively increased over time. Based on typical mined ore grades, 1 t of copper ore generates approximately 6–10 kg of copper, which requires much energy, usually in the form of metallurgical coke. Copper production using carbon as a fuel and reductant contributes up to 0.3 per cent to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As a result, research into decarbonisation processes applicable to reducing low-grade copper sulfide ores, copper oxides, electronic wastes and other alternative complex Cu-rich materials has increased. Alternative fuels for reducing carbon-rich emissions in pyrometallurgical copper processing include methane, ammonia, biomass, solar and wind power, but in recent times increased focus has been on hydrogen as a potential fuel and reducing agent for materials such as oxidised copper scrap, Cu2O/CuO and Cu-rich slags/e-wastes. From a thermodynamic perspective, hydrogen exhibits a significantly more negative standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) than copper oxide making it a suitable reductant and the exothermic thermal effect from reaction between hydrogen and Cu2O/CuO may be used to control process parameters. These characteristics renders hydrogen an ideal gas for reducing copper oxides and copper-containing slags/e-wastes. This review article assesses previous research on utilising hydrogen for producing and refining copper from primary and secondary feed materials.
Corrosion behaviour of ferrite and aluminate refractories in cryolite-aluminium melts
Authors:   Swinburne University of Technology, Mukhlis R Z
Published: September 2024

Removing the ledge formation in the Hall-Heroult cell during the electrolysis process may significantly reduce the energy requirement of the aluminium production process. In the absence of the ledge, however, the sidewall-material types become heavily restricted since the cryolite is very corrosive at the electrolysis temperatures. This paper study the corrosion behaviour of sintered nickel ferrite, nickel aluminate, and magnesium aluminate refractories (as possible candidates for sidewall material) in molten aluminium and cryolite melts with various alumina content at 980°C. Immersion tests of refractories with various porosity were conducted to assess the suitability of the refractories in the corrosive environment of the electrolysis cells. Microstructural change of the refractory after immersion were analysed using secondary scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sampling of the melts were taken at 0, 10 min, 30 min, and each hour up to 6 hrs, and subsequently analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. Based on the projected concentration of the refractories constituents in the melts, it was predicted that the corrosion rate of NiFe2O4, NiAl2O4 and MgAl2O4 in cryolite with 11 wt per cent Al2O3 were 461 × 103, 1.03 × 103, and 798 × 103 cm/a, respectively. Much lower corrosion rate of 2.3 cm/a for NiFe2O4, 2.6 cm/a for NiAl2O4 and 0.3 cm/a for MgAl2O4 were predicted if the refractories in contact with aluminium melts. Erosion played an important role in the corrosion as the concentration of the refractory constituents in the melts were beyond its solubility limit. It is therefore crucial to increase the densities of the refractory and improve its wetting characteristics.
CFD modelling of slag fuming, with focus on freeze-lining formation
Authors:   Montanuniversity of Leoben, Rodrigues C M G , Wu M ,   Montanuniversity of Leoben, Chintinne M ,   Aurubis-Beerse, Ishmurzin A ,   RHI Magnesita, Hackl G ,   RHI Magnesita, Voller N ,   RHI Magnesita, Ludwig A ,   Montanuniversity of Leoben, Kharicha A ,   Montanuniversity of Leoben
Published: September 2024

Slag fuming (SF) is a critical process for recycling zinc-containing slags, but the corrosive nature of molten slag poses challenges to the reactor durability. The freeze-lining (FL) technique offers a solution by forming a protective layer on the reactor wall. It requires intensive cooling using water-cooled jackets, which can stabilise the FL while compromising the energy efficiency of the process. This study presents a computational fluid dynamic (CFD)-based model to optimise the SF process by considering FL formation and its impact on heat transfer and reactor wall temperature. A volume-of-fluid (VOF) model is coupled with a mixture continuum (MC) solidification model to capture the intricate multiphase flow dynamics within the SF furnace. Two FL types are considered: FL solidifying on the reactor wall in the slag bath region; and FL solidifying on the reactor wall in the freeboard region. The FL of the first type forms when the slag temperature drops below liquidus temperature. The FL of the second type only forms when a splash-induced slag droplet collides with the freeboard wall and solidifies. A series of splashing events are necessary to coat the freeboard wall. The simulation was run until a global energy balance was reached. This means that the heat losses from the water-cooled jacket, bottom wall, outlet and fuming balance the heat gains from the hot gas injected through the submerged plasma torches. The increase in FL thickness, due to its low thermal conductivity, reduces the heat losses through the reactor walls. The calculated FL thickness and heat fluxes were in good agreement with industrial data, validating the model’s credibility. The simulation results provided valuable insights into the fuming process, including slag bath temperature evolution, slag splashing dynamics, FL formation patterns, local heat fluxes through the reactor wall and overall energy balance. These findings can inform process optimisation strategies to enhance the energy efficiency and sustainability of SF operations. The authors have built a prior version of the model framework and applied it to simulate FL formation in an electric smelting furnace (ESF). The results from both the ESF and the current SF highlight the applicability of such model framework to a range of industrial processes involving FL formation. This model framework can ultimately contribute to more energy-efficient and sustainable industrial operations.
Effect of SiO2 on the structure and crystallisation of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3 slag used in electroslag remelting
Authors:   Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Midhun P M , Basu S ,   Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Published: September 2024

Electro-Slag Remelting (ESR) is a process capable of producing ingots with much lower centre-line segregation and better internal soundness than conventional ingot casting processes, as well as lower inclusion and sulfur concentrations. This process is commonly used for alloyed steels intended for critical applications like components of marine turbines, supercritical powerplants and rocket motor casings. It involves melting a metal electrode using electrical resistive heating in a slag pool and re-solidification of the resulting metal droplets beneath the slag layer, forming an ingot. Conventional ESR fluxes consist primarily of CaF2, Al2O3 and CaO, along with minor concentrations of SiO2, MgO etc. The emission of fluoride vapour from the molten slag causes several environmental and health problems, triggering a need to develop and reduce the fluoride content in the ESR flux. The present study aims to develop low-CaF2 alternatives to commercial ESR fluxes without compromising on productivity and the surface quality of the refined ingot. Thus, the modification in chemical composition needs to satisfy properties like electrical resistivity, viscosity and liquidus temperature, essential for efficient ESR operation. Since electrical resistivity and viscosity are highly dependent on the ionic structure of the molten slag, it is important to understand the effect of compositional modification on the structure of the flux. The present study employs Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy to investigate the structural variations in the modified fluxes, especially the effect of changing SiO2 concentration, in comparison with conventional CaF2-rich fluxes. Additionally, thermal analysis (Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)) has been carried out to characterise the melting behaviour of the fluxes. The findings are compared with simulations carried out using the FactSage™ software, ver 8.3 (GTT Technologies, Aachen, Germany). Simultaneous analysis of liquidus temperature and the structure is expected to help in identifying the practical suitability of modified ESR flux compositions for industrial implementation.
Using novel methods to characterise slag films for continuously casting challenging and innovative steel grades
Authors:   University of Warwick, Li Z , Zhang T ,   Shanghai University, Qin S ,   University of Warwick, Yang X ,   Brunel University London, Yan Z ,   University of Warwick, Wilson P ,   University of Warwick, Williams M A ,   University of Warwick
Published: September 2024

Continuous development of complex new steel grades to meet the ever-increasing demand of high performance causes recurrent issues in steel continuous casting such as surface quality defects (eg cracks, depressions, deep oscillation marks) and productivity challenges (eg faster casting, near-net shape casting). Continuous casting of steel is a highly successful metallurgical process. Much of this success can be attributed to the performance of the casting powder that is added to the top of the mould, creates a liquid slag pool as it is heated, and forms a slag film between the water-cooled copper mould and steel shell during its passage down the mould. Mould powder selection is a compromise between the conflicting requirements of heat transfer and lubrication. In an EU RFCS (Research Fund for Coal and Steel)-funded project, various techniques are developed to offer the opportunity to adapt the slag film to meet the conflicting needs in different parts of the mould such that mild cooling can be generated in the meniscus, mid-broad face or corner areas whilst maintaining lubrication and offering higher cooling rates in other areas of mould. This has significant potential to address the industrial issues in product quality and productivity of continuous casting. This paper reports, as part of the EU RFCS project, the determination of crystallinity and porosity in slag films for casting challenging and innovative steel grades using new methods. In comparison with the methods such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and optical microscopy / scanning electron microscopy (OM/SEM) analysis that are currently adopted by the industries, EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) has been employed to determine the crystallinity of the slag films taken from industry casters. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) plus 3D image reconstruction has been used to determine the slag film % porosity with pore volume, pore size distribution, and pore location, which can be linked with the performance of the slag films during casting different steel grades.
Slag-metal interfacial reactions in pyrometallurgical processing of industrial wastes for recovery of valuable metals
Authors:   Hanyang University, Kim H J , Kim R R ,   Hanyang University, Park H S ,   Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Park J H ,   Hanyang University
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the recovery of valuable metals, specifically silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd), from copper-containing sludge (with copper content less than 20 per cent) generated during PCB processing and from spent petrochemical catalysts used in vapour decomposition during oil refining processes. The present results indicate that an increase in the mixing ratio of alumina-based spent catalyst leads to a decrease in the recovery rate of Ag and Pd. The recovery rates for Ag and Pd range from 84 per cent to 96 per cent and 80 per cent to 98 per cent, respectively. This trend is attributed to the increased emulsification of copper droplets containing Ag and Pd in the slag. The emulsification is caused by the decrease in the settling velocity of the copper droplets due to the increased viscosity of the slag as well as by the decrease in the slag-metal interfacial tension due to an increase in sulfur content at higher mixing ratio of spent catalyst.
Crystallisation control of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO system inclusion
Authors:   Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wang Y ,   Tohoku University,   KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sukenaga S ,   Tohoku University, Mu W Z ,   KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Zhang H ,   Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Ni H W ,   Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Shibata H ,   Tohoku University
Published: September 2024

The crystallisation behaviour of low melting point CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO inclusions greatly affect the deformability of inclusions during the rolling process. The crystallisation characteristics of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO melts representing the oxide inclusions in Si-Mn killed steel were systematically investigated. The effect of Al2O3 and MgO contents on the crystallisation change were analysed under a fixed CaO/SiO2 in the complex inclusions. The continuous-cooling-transformation (CCT) and time-temperature-transformation (TTT) experiments were conducted. The results showed that the increase of MgO content increases the crystallisation ability of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO inclusions, while the increase of Al2O3 content has the opposite effect. The viscosity, liquidus temperature of oxide melt and also the initial crystallisation potential might be the reasons for the change in crystallisation behaviour. Also, the crystallisation activation energy could semi-quantitatively characterise the crystal growth during the crystallisation of inclusions. To obtain low melting point plasticized CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO (CaO/SiO2=1) system inclusions, the Al2O3 content of the system needs to be controlled larger than 15 wt per cent and the MgO content should be kept at a small amount.
Research on in situ recovery technology of hot-dip galvanised dross
Authors:   Shougang Group Co., LTD., Chu R , Deng X ,   Shougang Group Co., LTD., Li X ,   Shougang Group Co., LTD.
Published: September 2024

The hot-dip galvanising industry is the largest consumer of zinc, with over 40 per cent of the world’s total annual production of zinc used for galvanised steel. The dross generated in the hot-dip galvanising coating process is a valuable co-product, since it contains high quantities of recyclable metal. A new method to recover the metal from the industrial galvanising dross was proposed using supergravity separation. During the hot-dip galvanising process, the presence of zinc dross has a serious impact on the surface quality of the hot-dip galvanised sheet, forming zinc dross defects. To reduce the impact of zinc dross, the zinc dross on the surface of the zinc pool needs to be manually or mechanically removed at regular intervals. However, during the dross removal process, a large amount of metal zinc is inevitably carried out, resulting in low zinc utilisation rate and high zinc loss rate. This article proposes an efficient and low-cost technology for the recycling and utilisation of hot-dip galvanised dross, which uses super-gravity technology to recover hot-dip galvanised dross online. The metal in the hot-dip galvanised dross returns to the zinc pot in situ, while a small part of the dross remains in the super-gravity equipment, which can reduce the amount of zinc dross by more than 60 per cent and achieve a reduction in zinc loss from 17 per cent to less than 7 per cent.
Improving cobalt extraction through oxidative blowing of copper-nickel matte
Authors:   Gipronikel Institute LLC, Pakhomov R A , Malakhov P V ,   MMC Norilsk Nickel’s Polar Division, Krupnov L V ,   MMC Norilsk Nickel’s Polar Division, Dymov I M ,   Gipronikel Institute LLC
Published: September 2024

The article presents results of thermodynamic calculations and laboratory studies, focusing on the cobalt behaviour during oxidative smelting of copper-nickel mattes. The compositions of the studied solutions are related to the products formed during the second stage of the converting process of copper-nickel matte at the Nadezhdinsky Metallurgical Plant (NMP) of MMC Norilsk Nickel company. These sulfide products typically contain from 1.5 to 12 wt per cent of iron. The obtained experimental results and thermodynamic calculations indicate that adjusting the CaO ratio to increase the proportion of CaO or complete replacement of SiO2 with fluxes containing CaO leads to a significant increase in cobalt recovery rates in the matte phase (with an iron concentration of 2.5 wt per cent) raising them from 30 per cent to 45 per cent. Meanwhile, the recovery rates of copper and nickel remain constant.
Radical involved reaction and weak magnetic effect between alumina refractory and high alumina slags
Authors:   The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Huang A , Li S H ,   The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Gu H Z ,   The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy
Published: September 2024

High aluminium steel is a promising advanced steel known for its exception properties and holds significant economic and strategic importance. However, the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 based slag with high alumina content reacts vigorously with alumina refractories during the smelting process at high temperature, seriously affecting the safe and efficient production of furnaces and resulting in the formation of Al2O3-MgO non-metallic inclusions within the molten steel. This is a bottleneck problem for high-quality steel refining, and the key reaction path during the corrosion remains unclear. The dissolution reaction mechanism of alumina refractories in high alumina CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slags under a weak static magnetic field was investigated in this work, using high temperature laser confocal microscopy and in situ radiation spectroscopy techniques. The results indicate that the interaction between the high alumina slags and the alumina refractories is governed by free radical reactions. The dissolution of alumina forms AlO and AlO2 radicals. The reaction rate increases with the C/S ratio of the slag due to its low polymerisation. The reaction between non-bridging oxygen and AlO2 free radicals accelerates the generation of AlO and O2ꞏ- radicals. The reaction layer composed of calcium aluminate is formed through the recombination of AlO, Caꞏ+ and O2ꞏ- radicals. The weak static magnetic field induces the Zeeman splitting of free radical pairs and intersystem crossing occurs, promoting the formation of triplet free radical pairs through the hyper-fine coupling effect. The reaction can be significantly inhibited as the triplet free radical pair does not meet Pauli’s incompatibility principle. This discovery perfects the structure theory of molten slags with radicals and provides supplement to the design of the highly slag-resistant refractories, and provides the theoretical basis for the development of external field protection technologies for high-quality steel refining.
BIG DATA IN CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF TRANSFORMATIVE PRACTICES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors:   Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Finance, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA., Nahar Janifer , Rahaman Md Atiqur ,   Department of Management and Information Technology, St. Francis College, New York, USA, Alauddin Md ,   MBA in Financial Management, College of Business, Lamar University, Texas, USA, Rozony Farhana Zaman ,   Graduate Researcher, Master of  Science in Information Management System, College of Business, Lamar University, Texas, USA
Published: September 2024

This systematic review examines the profound impact of big data analytics on credit risk management in financial institutions, highlighting both its transformative benefits and the associated challenges. By integrating a wide range of real-time and diverse data sources—such as customer behavior, market trends, and macroeconomic indicators—financial institutions have significantly enhanced the accuracy, efficiency, and predictive power of their credit risk models. The findings reveal that institutions employing big data analytics have achieved substantial reductions in default rates, with improvements of up to 30% over traditional risk assessment methods. However, the adoption of big data also presents considerable challenges, particularly in ensuring data privacy and security, navigating complex regulatory environments, and overcoming technical hurdles related to data integration, storage, and processing. These issues necessitate robust data governance frameworks and significant investments in IT infrastructure. Despite these challenges, big data is expected to play an increasingly central role in credit risk management, offering early adopters a strategic advantage through enhanced risk assessment and decision-making capabilities. This review provides critical insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the need for ongoing innovation and adaptation to fully harness the potential of big data in this field.
Pengaruh Pemberian Insentif dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Rahmah Imanessy Nur
Published: September 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui secara kese­lu­ruhan pengaruh pemberian insentif guna meningkatkan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan CV Rezeki Boga Makmur. Pen­de­katan penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif statistik. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dengan menggunakan metode pe­ngu­mpulan data dengan kue­sio­ner. Sampel yang di tentukan berdasarkan metode sample jenuh atau data sensus dengan jumlah 35 responden. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian secara parsial insentif berpe­ngaruh ter­ha­dap kine­rja karyawan, motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja kar­ya­wan. Berdasarkan hasil uji f didapat insentif dan motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Outsourcing proposal at the Comodoro Hotel
Authors: Ruiz Toranzo Jesús Ibeis , García Leonard Yureidys , García Castellanos Rodolfo
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was carried out at the Hotel Comodoro, belonging to the Cubanacan Hotel Group, with the objective of proposing an outsourcing strategy to improve processes. The work procedure developed was based on conducting interviews and applying questionnaires, as well as working with focus groups with the Hotel managers. Techniques were applied that allowed measuring the level of knowledge about outsourcing in the chain of command. Data processing included the calculation of percentages and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, using the statistical program Statistic Program for Social Services. The main results showed different levels of knowledge of outsourcing, as well as deficiencies in the outsourcing strategy as a fundamental basis for a successful realization of the productive chain. It was determined that outsourcing is an optimal variant for creating better economic opportunities for the hotel. A strategy was developed that must be taken into account by the facility's Board of Directors with an on sight to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in cervical pathologies and its’ correlation with patient´s body mass index in Anambra state, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ogolodom Michael Promise , Brownson Egop Egop , Alazigha Nengi , Rufus Abam , Ezugwu Emeka Emmanuel , Ikegwuonu Nwamaka Chizube , Bakre Abdul Fatai K. , Ijeruh Olukumnmi , Madume Anelechi Kenneth , Chinazo Chukwuma Martha , Maduabuchi Eke Christian
Published: September 2024

Background: Subsequent to the multitude of cervical pathologies with aging, this study aims to determine the prevalence and pattern of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cervical pathologies and its correlation with body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in some selected diagnostic centres in Anambra State, Nigeria using 141 MRI data that met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected from patients` request cards, MRI screening form and MRI scan reports. Both descriptive and inferential (Pearson`s correlation test) were used as tools for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at the level of less than 0.05. Results: Out of the 141 sample size, the majority 93(66%) were males while females accounted for 48(34%). The greater number 36(25.4%) of patients were within the age range of 61-70years of age. Greater number 83 had normal BMI (18.5-<25) and the least 3 were underweight (<18.5), 50 were overweight (25-<30) and 5 were obese (>30).Out of the 141 patients, most 68(48.2%) had single pathology, 51(36.2%) had double pathologies and few patients 22(15.6%) had multiple pathologies. There was a negative correlation between pathology and BMI that is not statistically significant(r= -0.04, p = 0.63). Also, there was negative correlations between patterns of spinal involvement and BMI, which is not statistically significant ( r= -0.130, p = 0.126).Conclusion: There is prevalence of cervical pathologies mostly in males in their 6th decade and the 4th decade with more of single pattern pathologies. The common level of involvement is at C5 vertebra. Intervertebral osteochondrosis and spondylosis was found to be the commonest cervical pathology among the study population. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between cervical pathologies and its pattern of occurrence with body mass index
Understanding AI's Role in the Banking Industry: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Anwar Danish , Uddin Faizan , Fatima Soofia , Raza Shams , Dayal Rajeshwar
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the shifting role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the banking industry, with a focus on its transformative effects on service quality, operational effectiveness, and customer interaction. The research underscores significant developments in AI and its integration, highlighting its pivotal role in updating traditional banking practices and tackling modern-day challenges. It offers a comprehensive analysis of the potential of AI to enhance banking services, while also addressing obstacles such as technical difficulties and regulatory concerns. The outlook section predicts ongoing AI expansion in the banking sector, particularly its capacity to further tailor banking services and improve risk management. The goal of this research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of AI's integration into Indian banking, shedding light on the evolving relationship between technological innovation and the financial sector
The Practice of Changing the Status of Change of Waqf Property in the Islamic Social Economic View
Authors: . Muthoifin , Yusran Qaid Qushayyi , . Masithoh , . Nuha , . Waston , Nirwana Andri
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to reveal and analyze the practice of changing the exchange status of waqf assets in the view of the Islamic social economy. This type of research is included in qualitative research, which is derived from interviews and data observation. The source of this research data consists of primary data sources, namely researchers directly conduct interviews with the parties concerned in the process of exchanging waqf property at the At-Taqwa mosque, researchers also use secondary data sources, namely books, articles, and other reference materials. The results of the study explained that in the case of exchanging waqf property at Masjid At-Taqwa by Government Regulation Number 28 of 1977 and Law Number 41 of 2004. As for the aspect of Islamic Law, in the opinion of Imam Hanafi, if the waqf property can no longer provide benefits, it can be exchanged or replaced. On the contrary, according to the Shafi'iyah and Maliki Schools, it forbids all forms of exchange and replacement of waqf property under any circumstances. And according to Hanafiyah any form of exchange or replacement of all waqf objects depends on the power of the wakif at the time the pledge is pronounced by the wakif. The originality/novelty of this study offers originality by examining how changes in the status of waqf assets can affect people's welfare, both in terms of economics and society. In Islam, waqf is not only seen as charity but also as an economic instrument that can empower the community. Thus, a change in the status of waqf assets, for example from waqf land to commercial property, can have a significant impact on local economic empowerment.
Upaya meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pelajaran PAI dan budi pekerti materi optimis, ikhtiar dan tawakal melalui model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL) pada masa pandemi covid-19
Authors: Yurianti Yurianti
Published: September 2024

Pada masa pandemi guru dituntut mempunyai model pembelajaran yang membuat siswa tidak jenuh dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti pada materi Optimis, Ikhtiar dan Tawakal melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL pada masa pandemi covid-19 Kelas IXA di SMP Negeri 1 Samigaluh Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas IX A yang berjumlah 23 anak. Penelitian tindakan kelas dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus, dan mengacu pada desain yang dikembangkan oleh Kemmis dan Taggart. Pada setiap siklus meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi oleh kolaboran, refleksi. Data prestasi belajar peserta didik meliputi nilai pretest dan postest setiap siklus. Sedangkan data kemampuan berkomunikasi verbal meliputi hasil observasi oleh kolaboran yang meliputi mengerjakan tes/tugas, keaktifan berpendapat, ketepatan mengumpulkan tugas. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara kualitatif dalam bentuk prosentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning ( PBL ) dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa dalam Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti peserta didik pada masa pandemi covid-19 kelas IXA SMP Negeri 1 Samigaluh tahun pelajaran 2020/2021.
Pengaruh Kampanye di Akun Instagram Traveloka terhadap Online Purchase Intention
Authors: Masagus Muhammad Ibrahimsyah
Published: September 2024

Background: The e-commerce industry in Indonesia has experienced extraordinary growth in recent years.  The rapid growth of e-commerce then gave birth to e-commerce in the form of a travel agent service called Traveloka.  Currently, the tagline #DontWorryNoLoss is the latest benefit offered by Traveloka to its consumers.  The #DontWorryNoLoss campaign by Traveloka on Instagram is aimed at getting the target audience interested in buying their products online, which in this context is travel agent services through their application or website.  Purpose: This research aims to examine the influence of the #DontWorryNoLoss campaign on the Traveloka Instagram account on online purchase intention.  The background to this problem is the rapid growth of e-commerce and the role of social media in product promotion.  The problem formulation focuses on how attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence consumer purchasing intentions.  The theory used in this research is the Theory of Planned Behavior developed by Ajzen (1991).  The aim of the research is to determine the significant influence of these three variables on the online purchase intention of Instagram followers @traveloka.id.  Method: The research method used was an explanatory survey by distributing questionnaires to 81 respondents.  Results: The results of this research show that there is a positive and significant influence of the #DontWorryNoLoss campaign on the online purchase intention of @traveloka.id followers.
Utilizing Maize Cob Media as a Replacement for Nutrient Agar Media in the Growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria
Authors: Aldiana Astuti  , Ni Made Susilawati  , Agnes Peni
Published: September 2024

Bacteria are microorganisms that require adequate media and nutrients to grow and develop. The media commonly used to grow bacteria is Nutrient agar media, but the price of Nutrient agar media is quite expensive. Corn cobs are lignocellulosic wastes that contain nutrients that can meet the nutritional requirements of bacterial growth media. This study aims to investigate the viability of corn cobs as a cost-effective alternative to Nutrient agar media. Specifically, we explore the variance in bacterial colony growth when utilizing corn cobs as a growth medium for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Employing a true experimental design with a posttest-only control structure, we analyze the treatment's effects using the One Way ANOVA test and Independent Sample T-test. These statistical methods enable us to discern differences between groups utilizing corncob media with and without added sugar.Our findings reveal noteworthy insights into bacterial colony growth. For Escherichia coli, the average number of colonies on corncob media with sugar was 222 CFU/ml, on corncob media without sugar, it was 164 CFU/ml, and on Nutrient agar media, it reached 361 CFU/ml. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus, colonies on corncob media with sugar averaged 871 CFU/ml, on corncob media without sugar, they averaged 657 CFU/ml, and on Nutrient agar media, they reached 942 CFU/ml.Statistical analysis using the One Way ANOVA test for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated p-values <0.05, signifying significant differences in their growth on corncob media with sugar, corncob media without sugar, and Nutrient agar media. Furthermore, the Independent Sample T-test results for both bacterial strains yielded p-values <0.05, indicating dissimilar growth patterns on corncob media with sugar compared to corncob media without sugar.In conclusion, our study underscores significant disparities in the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria among Nutrient agar media, corncob media with sugar, and corncob media without sugar. Notably, we observed a marked increase in bacterial colony counts on corncob media with sugar and corncob media without sugar.
Analysis of Kumon Learning at SMA PAB Saentis Kaliserayu Sub-District Road Percut Sei Tuan Desa Saentis
Authors: Nina Fadilah  , Desi Ramadhani
Published: September 2024

The learning that has been carried out so far in the school tends to apply classical learning techniques that do not pay attention to the stages in the variety of learning. For this reason, a good way is needed to learn a lesson, one of which is known as a learning technique. In this research activity, the theme of mathematics learning for school children is based on the KUMON method. This technique is considered one of the solutions that is expected to increase children's academic values and awareness in learning and train children to have independence and full responsibility in the learning process. Indirectly, when repeating the material done by the child, the child will get a reinforcement value that is more than the material conveyed Repetition is intended to provide added value in learning a new material and is implicit in the hierarchical structure of the material that has been learned so that it will be self-absorbed when the child is faced with a problem that establishes a relationship to relates the past material to the future material. the regression analysis test using simple linear regression analysis with the general form of the equation formed is as follows: Y = 0.099X + 36.823. Where the learning variable affects the bound variable of learning outcomes of 0.099 and the value of the constant when no one variable influences, it will produce a learning outcome value of 36, 823. hypothesis test proved to be accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected from the results of the calculation of the value of t obtained was t calculated 6.796 greater than t tabel = 0.697 and sig = 0.763 > sig 0.05, it can be proven that the learning variable has a positive and significant effect on the learning outcome variable.
Understanding of Linear Algebra Concepts through the TAPPS (Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving) Learning Model at the Faculty of Computer Science, Dharma AUB University of Surakarta
Authors: Ratna Herawati  , Ellen Proborini  , Wiwin Astuti
Published: September 2024

Education aims to improve the quality of human life which is technically through lectures. A good lecture produces a positive influence on students' ability. The interaction between lecturers and students in the class is an important role in achieving the goals. Linear Algebra is an important subject in the Mathematic. Many students think that Linear Algebra are difficult. Linear Algebra at the Faculty of Computer Science, Dharma AUB University of Surakarta have not been able to improve students' understanding of Linear Algebra concepts. Because of class that are centered on lecturers. Based on the description above, the author applies the TAPPS (Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving) cooperative learning model to increase concept understanding of Linear Algebra. Formulation of the problem in this research: "Is there an increase concept understanding of Linear Algebra after using the TAPPS learning model?". This research is a qualitative descriptive group with the type of Classroom Action Research. The data used are field notes and documentation. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is an increase in understanding of the concept of Linear Algebra through the TAPPS (Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving) model.
Corporate Social Responsibility and International Business: A Study of the Impact on Firm Performance
Authors: Christine Cicilia Saputra  , Rivaldo Martadinata Anthonie  , Hwihanus Hwihanus
Published: September 2024

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved from a philanthropic initiative to an important strategic component of global business operations. CSR is now seen as an element that influences a company's image, financial performance, and stakeholder relationships. Effective CSR implementation can provide a range of benefits to international companies, including enhanced reputation, customer loyalty, and operational efficiency. This article explores the impact of CSR on firm performance by analyzing case studies from five countries: Turkey, Nigeria, China, Bangladesh, and Spain. The research method used is a qualitative meta-analysis to identify common patterns and findings from various studies. The results show that CSR implementation has a significant impact on firm performance, although it varies depending on the geographical and industry context. This article highlights the importance of a systematic approach in integrating CSR to achieve optimal results for companies.
Implementasi Teknologi LoRa untuk Monitoring Real-Time Lampu PJU Berbasis Solar Panel
Authors: Sujono Sujono  , Moh. Anshori Aris Widya  , Zakiah Nur Cahya Putri
Published: September 2024

In the digital age, public road lighting (PJU) monitoring efficiency is becoming essential for effective infrastructure management. The research developed a PJU monitoring system based on LoRa technology and an Arduino microcontroller to monitor the operating conditions of PJU solar panels in real time. The system uses the LoRa 433 MHz module for remote data communication and is equipped with a voltage sensor to monitor batteries and solar panels as well as an ACS712 current sensor to measure current consumption on LED lights. The data is displayed on an I2C 16x2 LCD screen, making monitoring easy. LoRa technology offers the advantages of broad communication range and low power consumption. The development method used is prototyping, including needs analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Test results show that the system works well, with sensors providing adequate accuracy and LoRa communication enabling remote data access. The system improves the efficiency and accuracy of PJU monitoring, as well as reduces time and effort in the monitoring process. Overall, the system is an effective solution for PJU management in the digital age.