bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A disciplina escolar na década de 1940: aspectos da interdependência entre Escola e Estado
Authors: Leão Bruna Kedman Nascimento de Souza , Lucena Ricardo De Figueiredo
Published: December 2019

Analisaram-se as práticas disciplinares presentes no artigo “O problema da disciplina” publicado na Revista do Ensino, na década de 40, à luz da Teoria dos Processos de Norbert Elias. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa realizado por meio de uma análise documental. Fez-se uma breve discussão acerca das mudanças de conduta docente em relação ao comportamento discente: dos castigos físicos às estratégias de persuasão, por meio das estratégias disciplinares. Compreendeu-se a referida revista como uma pedagogia cultural, tendo-se em vista que educava docentes daquela época e contexto. A análise ora desenvolvida à luz da teoria eliasiana permitiu vislumbrar as práticas e os jogos de poder que circundam a figuração professor-aluno e, principalmente, o compromisso da educação escolar com o Estado na formação de cidadãs e cidadãos civilizados. Castigando ou persuadindo, o foco continuou sendo o professor e sua prática pedagógica, principalmente, no que diz respeito à regulação do comportamento das crianças.
Integrating a Postpartum Contraception Intervention in the Maternal and Child Health Care System of China
Authors: Yin AnXin , Zhou XiaoYan , Qian Xu , Zhang Lei , Wang XiuRui , Yang HuiBin , Song YuHan , Jin LongMei , Li Mu , Jiang Hong
Published: December 2024

Importance

The interpregnancy intervals are suboptimal worldwide, and women lack access to high-quality postpartum contraceptive services in China.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of integrating postpartum contraceptive interventions into the existing maternal and child health care (MCH) system.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cluster randomized trial randomly allocated 13 communities in Minhang District in Shanghai, China, to the intervention or the control group. Data were collected between September 2020 and February 2023. Eligible participants included women who registered their pregnancy in community health centers and were followed up to 1 year post partum. Data analysis was conducted from April 2023 to May 2024.

Interventions

Participants in the intervention group received postpartum contraception consultations, online educational videos, a 45-minute class, health prescriptions, and educational pamphlets at 5 stages in alignment with the MCH system of China. The control group received routine MCH services.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was incidence of unintended pregnancy within 1 year after childbirth. The secondary outcomes included knowledge level of postpartum contraception, utilization rate of reliable long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), and incidence of induced abortion.

Results

A total of 1279 participants (698 in intervention from 7 clusters and 581 in control from 6 clusters) were recruited, and 995 (521 older than 30 years [40.7%]; 539 intervention [54.2%] and 456 control [45.8%]) completed the trial. The incidence of unintended pregnancy, LARC utilization, and induced abortion within 1 year after childbirth was 1.5% (8 participants), 3.2% (17 participants), and 0.6% (3 participants), respectively, in the intervention group, and 3.9% (18 participants), 1.1% (5 participants), and 2.0% (9 participants), respectively, in the control group. Participants in the intervention group were significantly less likely to experience unintended pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.70), had a higher rate of LARC utilization (aOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.02-5.98), and a lower rate of induced abortion due to unintended pregnancy (aOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.09-0.99). The postpartum contraception knowledge level in the intervention group was substantially higher than the control group (β = 24.20; 95% CI, 20.92-27.47).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cluster randomized clinical trial demonstrated the designed postpartum contraceptive interventions were effective in reducing unintended pregnancy and induced abortion and increasing postpartum contraception knowledge and LARC utilization among women at 1-year post partum.

Trial Registration

Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2000034603
Prevalence of Post–COVID-19 Condition and Activity-Limiting Post–COVID-19 Condition Among Adults
Authors: Vahratian Anjel , Saydah Sharon , Bertolli Jeanne , Unger Elizabeth R. , Gregory Cria O.
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of ever and current post–COVID-19 condition (long COVID) and self-reported limitations of activity due to symptoms of post–COVID-19 condition among US adults.
Gunn or Transferred‐Electron Devices and Circuits
Authors: Eisele Heribert
Published: December 2024

Transferred‐electron devices are the only microwave devices whose operation is based solely on the bulk‐material properties of semiconductors such as GaAs or InP. These devices are employed mainly in low‐noise medium‐power oscillators up to high millimeter‐wave frequencies. James B. Gunn was the first scientist to observe the underlying physical phenomenon in an experiment and, therefore, these devices are often referred to as
Gunn devices
. This chapter describes the principles of operation, basic fabrication technologies, and common oscillator circuits for them. Different device structures for performance optimization and optimization procedures and simulation tools are discussed. The chapter also summarizes the current state of the art of TEDs, and the outlook covers the prospects of more recent device structures and material systems.
3‐D Printed Waveguide Components
Authors: Yu Yang , Guo Cheng
Published: December 2024

Three‐dimensional (3‐D) printing technology has become a promising manufacturing method to fabricate microwave components in recent years. This article focuses on waveguide components fabricated using 3‐D printing technology. The development of passive waveguide devices based on different 3‐D printing technologies is introduced and compared. Depending on the material and fabrication techniques, two fabrication modes are normally adopted for waveguide components. Featured waveguide components based on these two modes are illustrated with examples. Then, state‐of‐the‐art waveguide filters based on spherical resonators (including single‐mode and dual‐mode cavity resonators) are introduced. These filters are suitable for 3‐D printing fabrication techniques, demonstrating superior performance over filters based on conventional waveguide filters.
The immunological interface: dendritic cells as key regulators in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Klaimi Camilla , Kong WanTing , Blériot Camille , Haas Joel T.
Published: December 2024

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) refers to a broad spectrum of conditions associating fat accumulation in the liver (steatosis) with varying degrees of inflammation (hepatitis) and fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis and potentially cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). The first stages of these diseases are reversible and the immune system, together with metabolic factors (obesity, insulin resistance, Western diet, etc.), can influence the disease trajectory leading to progression or regression. Dendritic cells are professional antigen‐presenting cells that constantly sense environmental stimuli and orchestrate immune responses. Herein, we discuss the existing literature on the heterogeneity of dendritic cell lineages, states, and functions, to provide a comprehensive overview of how liver dendritic cells influence the onset and evolution of MASLD.
Lifelong Safe Optimal Adaptive Tracking Control of Nonlinear Strict‐Feedback Discrete‐Time Systems
Authors: Farzanegan Behzad , Jagannathan S.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive approach for achieving multi‐task safe optimal adaptive tracking (MSOAT) for a class of nonlinear discrete‐time systems, particularly those in strict‐feedback form, utilizing a multi‐layer neural network (MNN)‐based framework. To begin, a cost function with a novel Barrier function (BF) term is introduced for each subsystem to address the weak safely reachable problem, serving as a crucial tool for guiding the system's trajectory toward the safe set while avoiding unwanted sets. To deal with the tracking problem, the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) framework is used through the actor‐critic MNN‐based backstepping technique to estimate the solution of the value functions and obtain both virtual and actual optimal control policies for each subsystem, effectively circumventing non‐causality issues. Further, to mitigate catastrophic forgetting in multi‐tasking scenarios, a regularizer term, which is derived from the online version of the Elastic Weight Consolidation (EWC) method, is included in the critic and actor MNN update laws without directly computing the Fisher information matrix. To enhance the convergence rate, the critic MNN is tuned with a hybrid learning technique involving weight adjustments both at specific sampling instants and iteratively within those intervals. A control barrier function (CBF) with a time‐varying BF is also integrated into the actor update law, collaborating with the BF to keep the trajectory in the safe set with a smaller trade‐off factor, simultaneously validating the safety condition in real‐time. Finally, the overall stability is established. An example of a 6‐DOF autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is used to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Researchers call for fix to pharmacy‐level barriers to buprenorphine
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2024

Exempting pharmacy orders of buprenorphine from investigative reports and eliminating prior authorization requirements for the medication are among the significant recommendations offered in an opinion piece calling for expanded access to the treatment.
Ultrafast Probabilistic Neuron in an Artificial Spin Ice for Robust Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Liang Zhongyu , Bu Tong , Lyu Zijian , Liu Zhentao , Hrabec Aleš , Wang Leran , Dou Yankun , Ding Jianhao , Ge Peipei , Yang Wenyun , Huang Tiejun , Yang Jinbo , Heyderman Laura J. , Liu Yunquan , Yu Zhaofei , Luo Zhaochu
Published: December 2024

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proved to be remarkably successful in various domains, in particular for implementing complex functions and performing sophisticated tasks. However, their vulnerability to adversarial noise undermines their reliability for safety‐critical tasks. Despite attempts to improve the robustness using algorithmic approaches, an effective hardware implementation is still lacking. Here an artificial probabilistic neuron device is proposed based on arrays of coupled nanomagnets, referred to as artificial spin ices, which return a nonlinear function with built‐in stochasticity in response to an ultrafast laser‐induced excitation. By exploiting solid‐state ionic gating, the magnetic coupling is electrically modulated, as a result of the magnetic anisotropy‐mediated competition of the symmetric exchange interaction and Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interaction, and hence the stochastic property of the neuron device at runtime can be tuned. Stochastic DNNs are then constructed with an output layer comprising several probabilistic neuron devices. Compared to conventional DNNs, the stochastic DNNs exhibit an order of magnitude greater resistance to adversarial noise, providing a significant improvement in robustness. This approach opens the way to more secure and reliable DNNs, enabling broader uses in real‐world applications.
Surface Reconstruction Induced by Preconditioning in Different Electrolytes Impacts Electrooxidation of Solketal on Multi‐Metal‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Jian , Kumari Bhawana , Quast Thomas , Cychy Steffen , Sanjuán Ignacio , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Andronescu Corina
Published: December 2024

The electrocatalytic oxidation of solketal (SOR) as the anodic reaction can be used to enhance hydrogen production efficiency due to its lower overpotential compared to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Additionally, solketal oxidation yields besides formate also high‐value C3 products, providing an advantage over the typical alternative reaction for OER, glycerol oxidation. The multi‐metal CoNiFeCu (1:1:1:0.5) catalyst is employed as electrocatalyst for SOR and different activation procedures are explored. The pre‐conditioning of the catalyst in the presence of solketal supports a current density of 10 mA cm−2 to be recorded at only 1.405 ± 1 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) during SOR, while promoting glyceric acid synthesis with 40% faradaic efficiency. Operando attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) confirms that the activation of the catalyst contributes to an increased formation of products. However, most importantly, through utilizing the single‐particle‐on‐the‐nanoelectrode with identical‐location transmission electron microscope (IL‐TEM), it is unveiled that solketal suppresses Cu leaching and oxyhydroxide formation. Moreover, the structural transformations are correlated with the increased activity toward SOR.
Hierarchically Engineered Triple‐Defensive Antifouling Coating with Well‐Regulated Structure for Enhanced Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yang Wenshuai , Yang Dan , Zhao Ziqian , Huang Charley , Yan Bin , Liu Yun , Zhang Ling , Gong Lu , Zeng Hongbo
Published: December 2024

Intergrading traditional hydrophilic coating with tailored functionalities is critical to enhance its antifouling capabilities. However, designing robust functional antifouling coatings with well‐regulated structures to boost its antifouling performance remains a significant challenge. By mimicking the unique structure of shark skin with super‐hydrophilic “denticle layer” and low‐surface‐energy “mucus layer”, for the first time, a facile strategy is presented to hierarchically engineer a triple‐defensive antifouling coating, which consists of a hydrophilic mineralized catalytic nanoparticle (NP) layer, overlaid with hydrophobic perfluoro‐silane domains (F@NPs), synergistically optimizing its fouling resistance, fouling release, and fouling degradation properties. Force measurements and dynamic simulations demonstrate that molecular‐scale incorporation of perfluoroalkyl chains on coating surface significantly reduces foulant adhesion while preserving hydrophilicity, thereby effectively preventing over 98% of oil contamination, protein adsorption, and bio‐fluid fouling. Its antifouling properties are further enhanced by the unique catalytic self‐cleaning ability, enabling rapid degradation of adsorbed organic compounds and bacteria contact killing. Moreover, F@NPs‐coated membrane achieves a water flux over 4200 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 with flux recovery ratio exceeding 95% for separation of oil‐in‐water emulsions containing bio‐foulants. This study presents an innovative strategy for fabricating robust functional coating with superior antifouling performance for environmental engineering applications.
Alloy‐Boosted Potassiophilic Membrane Interphase for Ultrastable K Metal Anodes
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Zhang Mingxiang , Jia Li , Yi Yuyang , Su Yiwen , Lian Xueyu , Lu Miaoyu , Zou Yuhan , Chen Ziang , Wang Yuyuan , Gu Jiaxi , Zhao Wen , Yang Xianzhong , Sun Jingyu
Published: December 2024

The advancement of K metal anodes has long been hindered by challenges including dendrite proliferation and volume expansion amid electrochemical cycles. Generic interlayer design for extended anodes and its K uptake/release mechanism remain unexplored to date. Herein, a generic alloy‐boosted strategy is reported to devise a ZnX‐loaded (X = S, Se or Te) porous carbon nanofiber (PCNF) membrane as an efficient 3D interphase layer for K metal anodes. Theoretical computations and experimental investigations suggest that representative ZnTe acts as an alloying site, thereby reducing the nucleation energy barrier and optimizing the deposition pattern of K. Such a maneuver enables dendrite‐free plating of K metal within the interface layer, which facilitates the construction of an extended K anode. As a result, the symmetric cell modified with ZnTe@PCNF demonstrates a lifespan of over 3100 h. When coupled with a cathode, the full cell delivers a capacity retention of 94% after 500 cycles at 1.0 A g⁻¹, showing its potential for the development of practically viable K metal batteries.
AI‐Enabled Inverse Design and Molecular Identification Using Phase Change Metamaterial Absorber
Authors: S Ram Prakash , Jain Aastha , kumar Rajesh , Mitra Anirban
Published: December 2024

Tailoring metamaterial design for desired absorption in the mid‐infrared region is pivotal for molecular sensing and identification. Surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy with metamaterials promises accurate molecular fingerprint detection. However, challenges arise due to narrow resonant wavelengths and the extensive design space of the metamaterial, thus hindering its application in accurate molecular detection. This work introduces an integrated AI workflow for designing electrically tunable metamaterial absorbers using phase‐change materials for broadband molecular fingerprint retrieval and identification. A free‐form inverse design method based on a neural‐adjoint optimization technique is utilized to predict phase‐change metamaterial absorber (PCMA) designs for desired mid‐infrared absorption spectra. Using the trained inverse neural network model coupled with a genetic algorithm, nanostructure designs spanning the spectral range from 800 cm−1 to 2000 cm−1 are predicted. The phase change is achieved by integrating the designed PCMA with an energy‐efficient microheater, allowing resonant absorption peaks to be tuned via voltage pulses. The neural network‐predicted PCMA successfully detected molecular vibration fingerprints of four molecules and their mixtures. A machine learning model based on a support vector machine developed for molecular identification shows 100% identification accuracy. This AI‐driven approach for PCMA design and molecular identification via SEIRA marks a significant advancement in accurate molecular detection.
Centrifugal Force Boosts Self‐Assembly of Gradient Lattice Photonic Crystals
Authors: Zhang Jingying , Wang Xinye , Zhang Yexiaotong , Yang Jiaxing , Han Xuelei
Published: December 2024

Gradient photonic crystals, compared to traditional photonic crystals, possess broader photonic bandgaps and more flexible arrangement structures. This article proposes a centrifugal force‐driven self‐assembly method for controllable construction of gradient lattice photonic crystals. This method uses chemical synthesis to prepare size‐controllable core–shell nanoparticles and applies centrifugal force to assist the arrangement of the nanoparticles in gradient lattice. Theoretical calculations indicate that the centrifugal potential energy distribution and the relative centrifugal force are proportional to the centrifugal speed and centrifugal radius. By controlling the centrifugal potential energy distribution of the prepared core–shell SiO2@Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the centrifuge tube, a gradient lattice photonic crystal exhibiting a rainbow structural color from purple to red is obtained. The experimental results closely align with the theoretical predictions. The proposed approach to build gradient lattice photonic crystals has great application potential in the fields of optical switches, optimization of light extraction efficiency, and low‐loss light transmission.
Observation of Mobility Above 2000 cm2/V s in 2DEG at LaInO3/BaSnO3 Interface by Electric‐Double‐Layer Gating
Authors: Lee Jaehyeok , Cho Hyeongmin , Park Jisung , Kim Bongju , Schlom Darrell G. , Char Kookrin
Published: December 2024

The LaInO3/BaSnO3 heterostructure has recently emerged as a promising platform for realizing 2D electron gas (2DEG) with unique transport properties, including excellent field‐effect at room temperature. However, there is a limit to improving its mobility due to intrinsic defects including the threading dislocations occurring during film growth. In spite of such high density defects at present, as an effort to increase the mobility of the 2DEG, the 2D carrier density to 1014 cm−2 by ionic‐liquid gating is increased and we found the resulting 2DEG mobility enhancement up to 2100 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 10 K, which is consistent with the fact that 2‐dimensionality offers more effective screening for defects. This findings offer insights into the properties of 2DEG formed with perovskite oxide semiconductor BaSnO3 as well as highlight its future potential for applications.
Deep Layer Pillaring Reinforced Electronic States and Structural Defects Toward High‐Performance Sodium Ion Battery
Authors: Osman Sahar , Hu Sanlue , Wei Yijie , Liu Junhao , Xiao Jun , Yao Wenjiao , Han Cuiping , Guo Xin , Liu Jun , Tang Yongbing
Published: December 2024

Although layered vanadium oxides are extensively studied for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), their broader application is hindered by the instability of their bulk‐phase structure, sluggish electron/ion‐transfer kinetics, and insufficient active sites. Herein, a novel synergistic strategy is proposed to modulate the electronic structure of VO by incorporating Na+ cations into deep V─O layers (D‐NVOx), resulting in significant structural modifications such as enlarged lattice spacing, the generation of abundant oxygen vacancies, and disordering of the V─O layers. Comprehensive analytical characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that this synergy induces reversible Na+ pseudocapacitive intercalation and reconstructs low‐energy barrier channels, thereby accelerating Na‐ion diffusion kinetics. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies dramatically boost electronic conductivity and reinforce structural stability. The reduced crystallinity and lattice distortion result in dense nanointerfaces, potentially widening diffusion channels and providing additional active sites for fast surface Na‐ion storage. Owing to these merits, the D‐NVOx electrode achieves a high specific capacity (505 mAh g‒1 at 0.05 A g‒1), outstanding cyclic stability (96% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 2.0 A g‒1), and superior rate performance (280 mAh g‒1 at 5.0 A g‒1). This work provides in‐depth insights into enhancing electrochemical energy storage in SIBs by modulating electronic structure and structural defects.
Deficiency of DEK proto‐oncogene alleviates allergic rhinitis by inhibiting RhoA/Ezrin‐mediated mitochondrial fission
Authors: Dai Longzhu , Jin Yongde , Chai Jingmei , Yang Jianing , Wang Jiangang , Chen Mu , Li Liangchang , Wang Chongyang , Yan Guanghai
Published: December 2024

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a kind of immune disease mediated by IgE. We are intrigued by the potential role of DEK proto‐oncogene (DEK) in inflammation‐related diseases. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of DEK in treating AR, aiming to identify potential new treatment targets for AR.

Methods

The AR mouse model was induced by house dust mite (HDM) (1 mg/mL). HNEpCs stimulated by HDM (1 mg/mL) were pretreated for 24 h with or without DEK lentivirus. The effect of DEK knockout or knockdown on AR was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using western blotting, ELISA, flow cytometry, real‐time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, HE staining, PAS staining, Diff staining, and immunofluorescence.

Results

After DEK knockdown, the inflammatory response of AR mice was reduced. In addition, DEK deletion mitigated nasal tissue damage and mitochondrial division. Our further studies showed that DEK deletion or inhibition led to the down‐regulation of RhoA activity and decreased phosphorylation of Ezrin and Drp1 proteins, and inhibited mitochondrial division. Overall, DEK deficiency mitigated AR by down‐regulating RhoA/Ezrin/Drp1 pathway activity.

Conclusion

DEK alleviates AR through RhoA/Ezrin/Drp1 signaling pathway, which provides a new perspective for developing improved therapies and understanding the pathogenesis of AR.
Soft Cardiac Patch Using a Bifacial Architecture of Adhesive/Low‐Impedance Hydrogel Nanocomposites and Highly Conductive Elastomer Nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Jeeyoung , Cha Gi Doo , Kim Minsung , Lee Seung‐Pyo , Sunwoo Sung‐Hyuk , Kim Dae‐Hyeong
Published: December 2024

Soft implantable multichannel cardiac electrode arrays that establish direct monolithic interfaces with the heart are key components for advanced cardiac monitoring and electrical modulation. A significant technological advancement in this area is the development of stretchable conductive nanocomposites, fabricated through the integration of metallic nanomaterials and elastic polymers, aimed at achieving both high electrical conductivity and mechanical elasticity. Despite these advances, further progress in material performance and device designs is required to ensure seamless, reliable, biocompatible, and high‐fidelity cardiac interfacing. Herein, the development of a soft multichannel cardiac patch based on a bifacial architecture of adhesive/low‐impedance hydrogel nanocomposites and highly conductive elastomer nanocomposites is reported. The bifacial design facilitates the integration of the cardiac patch between the heart and other tissues/organs can be achieved. The hydrogel nanocomposite layer, positioned on the epicardial side, provides stable adhesion to the target cardiac tissue and enables low‐impedance biocompatible interfacing with the heart, while the elastomer nanocomposite layer, positioned on the opposite side, offers high electrical conductivity for facile electrophysiological signal transfer and a low‐friction surface minimizing unwanted interactions with surrounding tissues. The effectiveness of this bifacial patch in multiple applications involving various cardiac signal recordings and electromechanical modulation demonstrations is showcased.
Molecular Conjugated‐Polymer Electrode Enables Rapid Proton Conduction for Electrosynthesis of Ammonia from Nitrate
Authors: Su Xinhao , Hong Feiyang , Fang Yanjie , Wen Yingke , Shan Bing
Published: December 2024

Electrosynthesis of ammonia (NH3) from nitrate (NO3−) using renewable energy holds promise as a supplementary alternative to the Haber−Bosch process for NH3 production. Most research focuses on tuning the catalytic activity of metal catalysts by modification of the catalyst structures. However, the electrode supports which could influence the catalytic activity have not been well‐explored. The state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for NO3− reduction to NH3 still exhibit limited energy efficiency at ampere‐level current density. Herein, we report a polyaniline‐based molecular electrode with Cu catalyst for selective and energy‐efficient NO3− reduction to NH3. In the electrode, the polyaniline promotes protonation of the key intermediate formed during NO3− reduction at Cu, which circumvents the limitation of the Cu catalyst in the efficiency‐limiting proton transfer step. The molecular electrode produces NH3 at a partial current density of 2.7 A cm−2 with an energy efficiency of 62 %, demonstrating much better electrochemical performance than common Cu‐based electrocatalysts and indicating the great potential in molecular engineering of electrode supports for selective NO3− reduction.
Rapidly Generated, Ultra‐Stable, and Switchable Photoinduced Radicals: A Solid‐State Photochromic Paradigm for Reusable Paper Light‐Writing
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , Sahalianov Ihor , Sun Hao , Li Zhongyu , Wu Shengliang , Jiang Boru , Ågren Hans , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Zhang Man , Zhu Liangliang
Published: December 2024

Although photochromic molecules have attracted widespread interest in various fields, solid‐state photochromism remains a formidable challenge, owing to the substantial conformational constraints that hinder traditional molecular photoisomerization processes. Benefiting from the significant color change upon radical generation, chemical systems enabling a photoinduced radical (PIR) behavior through photoinduced electron transfer (PET) could be ideal candidates for solid‐state photochromism within minimized need of conformational freedom. However, the transient nature of radicals causes a dilemma in this Scheme. Herein, we present a general crystal engineering strategy for rapidly generated (7‐s irradiation to saturation) and ultra‐stable (lasting 12 weeks) PIRs in the solid state, based on the anti‐parallel alignment of para‐hydroxyphenyl groups of persulfurated arenes to form a strong non‐covalent network for efficient PET and radical stabilization. Using this strategy, a PIR platform was constructed, with a superior photochromic behavior remaining in different solid forms (even in the fully‐ground sample) due to their transcendent crystallization ability. On this basis, our compounds can be further processed into reusable papers for light‐writing, accompanied by water fumigation for modulating the reversible process. This work provides new insights into addressing solid‐state photochromism and can inspire a wide range of optical material design from the switchable radical perspective.
Synthetic Approaches to Dimeric and Oligomeric Hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole Alkaloids
Authors: Bisai Alakesh , Khatua Arindam , Shyamal Pranay , Nandy Monosij , Mondal Debabrata , Shaw Kundan
Published: December 2024

Natural product synthesis has been the prime focus for the development of new chemical transformations and the drug discovery. The dimeric and oligomeric hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole alkaloids represent a architecturally intriguing class of cyclotryptamine alkaloids. These alkaloids share contiguous stereogenic centers with vicinal all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic centers. Members of this class of alkaloids are reported to show interesting biological activities. Therefore, there are tremendous synthetic interests not only because of their striking architecture but also due to their important biological activities. In this feature article we have discussed the detailed biogenetic hypothesis of these alkaloids and various elegant strategies from different groups, including our contributions in this area. Special emphasis is given for the synthetic approaches to dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole alkaloids.
Organizational and Psychological factors in teacher educators’ professional identity development: An empirical analysis
Authors: Farwa Umm E , Li Qiong , Ye Juyan , Khan Muhammad Kaleem , Zulfiqar Salman
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a research model that explores and tests a mediated moderation model of teacher educator's professional identity (TEPI). The model assesses the link between (a) triggering factor (leadership support, professional socialisation, training & development) and TEPI; (b) psychological arousals (role clarity and transformative learning) and TEPI; and (c) institutional support as a moderator of the effect of aforesaid psychological arousals on TEPI. We used cross‐sectional data to gauge these relationships via data obtained from teachers’ educators from higher education institutes in Pakistan. Most of the hypothesised associations are supported, and the model we proposed is viable. Leadership support, professional socialisation, and training and development of teacher educators ignite the development process of teacher educators, whereas role clarity and transformative learning positively moderate the aforementioned relationship. However, this study could not find a constructive role of institutional support in the role clarity–TEPI and transformative learning–TEPI nexuses.
Spectrofluorimetric Determination of 7‐Aminoclonazepam, a Major Clonazepam Metabolite, in Human Urine: A Factorial Design of Experiment Approach to Optimize Method Development
Authors: Abduljabbar Maram H. , Althobaiti Yusuf S. , Alnemari Reem M. , Algarni Majed A. , Bamaga Ahmed K. , Alharbi Adnan , Serag Ahmed , Almalki Atiah H.
Published: December 2024

Clonazepam, a high‐potency benzodiazepine widely prescribed for seizure and panic disorders, carries a risk of abuse and dependency. This study developed a sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method for determining 7‐aminoclonazepam, the major metabolite of clonazepam, in human urine. A 26‐2 factorial design was employed to screen the optimal conditions for derivatization with NBD‐Cl as the fluorescent label, considering factors such as pH, reagent volumes, temperature, and reaction time. A significant model was attained (p < 0.0001) revealing alkaline pH (9), elevated temperature (80°C), and high reagent concentrations as crucial for maximizing fluorescence intensity. The method demonstrated excellent linearity from 10 to 500 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9997), with limits of detection and quantitation of 3.3 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision (% RSD) were less than 4%, and recoveries ranged from 97.59% to 106.12%. The method also showed no significant interference from endogenous compounds, pharmaceutical excipients, or the parent drug. Applicability of the method was validated in human subjects receiving clonazepam therapy; 7‐aminoclonazepam was first detected after 12 h, peaked at 24 h (54.61 ± 9.870 ng/mL), and remained detectable up to 72 h post‐dose, offering a simple, cost‐effective spectrofluorimetric method for monitoring clonazepam metabolism in clinical and forensic settings.
Structural, Spectroscopic, and Docking Analysis of N,O‐Donor Ligand Metal Complex Nanoparticles With Hypolipidemic Effects via Lipoprotein Lipase Activation in High‐Fat Diet Mice
Authors: Abd El‐Hamid Sherif M. , Aziz Safa W. , Mohamed Amira A. , El‐Gedamy Mohammed S. , Salem Ahmed E. , Mohammed Soha F. , Zordok Wael A. , Sofo Adriano , Sabry Mohamed A. , Sadeek Sadeek A. , Elshafie Hazem S.
Published: December 2024

New Cd(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) chelates with cetirizine.2HCl (CETZ.2HCl) in incidence of 1,10 phenanthroline monohydrate (Phen.H2O) were synthesized in search of new biologically active compounds. The ligands and their chelates were described by 1H NMR, FT‐IR, elemental analysis, UV–vis spectrophotometry, thermal analyses, molar conductance, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and magnetic‐susceptibility measurements. FT‐IR demonstrated that CETZ.2HCl is bonded with metal ions, as a monodentate via carboxylate oxygen atom and Phen.H2O chelated via two nitrogen atoms. The molar conductivity data showed that the complexes were nonelectrolytes, whereas XRD data supported that the compounds were crystalline. Density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to gain insight into the compounds' optimized design. The effects of CETZ.2HCl and the complexes on the activity of lipoprotein‐(L)‐lipase in mice were investigated. Unlike Cd(II) complex, all the other compounds exhibited significant increase in lipase activity, with reduction in triglycerides. Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes showed robust hypolipidemic efficacy evidenced by lower levels of total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), concomitant with higher levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). Furthermore, Zn(II) complex was a safe alternative as it has a lower liver toxicity. Molecular docking demonstrated that Cu(II) and Zn(II) chelates exhibited greater affinities to lipase than the parent ligand. Finally, Cu(II) complex showed the highest antibacterial activity.
Risk of Hypoglycemia Associated with Concomitant Use of Insulin Secretagogues and ACE Inhibitors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chu Patricia Y. , Edmondson Emma K. , Flory James H. , Huang Jing , Hennessy Sean
Published: December 2024

Insulin secretagogues and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are commonly co‐prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Case reports suggesting that co‐administration of insulin secretagogues with ACEIs is associated with an increased risk of serious hypoglycemia have led to warnings regarding a drug–drug interaction in widely used drug compendia. However, subsequent studies have had inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the evidence that concomitant use of ACEIs and insulin secretagogues increases the risk of serious hypoglycemia. MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase were searched from inception to July 2023 for studies evaluating adults with T2D treated with insulin secretagogues, such as sulfonylureas or meglitinides, and exposed to an ACEI. The primary outcome was serious hypoglycemia. A literature search yielded 472 papers, of which five met the inclusion criteria. The heterogeneity of the studies precluded meta‐analysis. Two studies using multiple methods to address bias found no association between hypoglycemia and concomitant use of ACEI and insulin secretagogues. Three studies found potential associations, but only one was statistically significant; these studies were at serious or critical risk of bias due to potential confounding from lack of adjustment for renal dysfunction. The higher quality studies found no association between the concomitant use of insulin secretagogues with ACEI and hypoglycemia. Drug compendia and electronic health records should consider updating and removing alerts warning of a drug–drug interaction between insulin secretagogues as a class and ACEIs.
Improving diagnosis in patients with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome through the evaluation of non‐criteria antibodies
Authors: Álvarez Daniel , Winter Hephzibah E , Velasquez Franco Carlos J , Castellanos Gutierrez Aleida Susana , Baños Núria , Markert Udo R , Cadavid Ángela P , Morales‐Prieto Diana M
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease driven by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Currently, APS diagnosis requires a combination of clinical manifestations (thrombosis and/or obstetric morbidity) and the persistent presence of at least one criteria aPL: anti‐cardiolipin antibodies (aCL), anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) or lupus anticoagulant (LA). Patients with suggestive obstetric symptoms but lacking criteria aPL face diagnostic challenges. Non‐criteria aPL screening may enhance discrimination. This study proposes a classification incorporating both criteria and non‐criteria antibodies to improve obstetric APS diagnosis.

Methods

Blood samples from non‐pregnant women (n = 68) with a history of vascular, obstetric, or vascular and obstetric manifestations were analysed. Among them, 30 had previous diagnosis of APS. Healthy women with proven gestational success were included as controls (n = 16). Criteria and non‐criteria (anti‐phosphatidylglycerol, anti‐phosphatidylethanolamine, anti‐phosphatidylinositol, anti‐phosphatidylserine and anti‐phosphatidic acid) IgG aPL were evaluated by ELISA and coagulation tests. Based on the resulting aPL profile, patients were reclassified. Responsiveness to treatment was obtained from medical records.

Results

Criteria aPL levels marginally differentiated women previously managed as obstetric APS from unexplained/other causes of obstetric morbidity. Including non‐criteria aPL improved separation. The proposed classification identified an obstetric APS group that exhibits non‐criteria aPL and aβ2GPI titres below the cut‐off but higher than healthy women (7.88 vs. 2.47 SGU, P = 0.006). Compared to cases of other causes of obstetric morbidity, these patients retrospectively responded better to aspirin and/or heparin treatment (71.43% vs. 11.11%, P = 0.035).

Conclusions

Assessing non‐criteria antibodies may identify isolated obstetric APS cases benefiting from established therapies.
AEBP1 Silencing Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Neuron Ferroptosis and Microglia M2 Polarization Through PRKCA‐PI3K‐Akt Axis
Authors: Zhang Yafen , Li Yan , Liu Fengli
Published: December 2024

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is one of the main causes of neuronal damage. Neuron ferroptosis and microglia polarization are considered as critical processes during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Adipocyte enhancer‐binding protein 1 (AEBP1) usually acts as a transcriptional repressor which is involved in various diseases. However, it is still remains unknown whether AEBP1 could have important roles in regulating the neuron ferroptosis and microglia polarization in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The oxygen‐glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)‐treated cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‐treated mice were used as in vitro and in vivo models. The differentially expressed factors were analyzed according to GEO datasets. Relative mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot analysis. Cell viability was measured by CCK‐8 assay. ROS, GSH and iron contents were detected using specifical assay kits. CD26 and CD206 levels were measured by immunofluorescence assay. Inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. The association between AEBP1 and PRKCA was assessed by luciferase reporter and ChIP analyses. The neuron damage in mice was analyzed by TTC staining and neurological deficit score. Transcription factor AEBP1 was increased in OGD/R‐treated HT22 and BV2 cells. AEBP1 silencing attenuated OGD/R‐induced HT22 cell ferroptosis through increasing cell viability, GSH and GPX4 levels, and decreasing ROS, iron and ACSL4 levels. AEBP1 knockdown promoted microglia M2 polarization by increasing CD206‐positive cells and Arg‐1 level, and reducing iNOS, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels in BV2 cells. AEBP1 transcriptionally repressed PRKCA expression, and further regulated PI3K/Akt signaling activation. Inhibition of PRKCA or PI3K/Akt reversed the effects of AEBP1 silencing on neuron ferroptosis and microglia M2 polarization. AEBP1 downregulation attenuated neuronal damage by decreasing infarct size and deficit scores in MCAO‐treated mice. AEBP1 silencing mitigated neuron ferroptosis and promoted microglia M2 polarization through increasing PRKCA and activating PI3K/Akt signaling, indicating the potentially protective action of AEBP1 knockdown in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Seasonal resource selection of a grassland bird in a dynamic landscape: Importance of a heterogeneous landscape
Authors: Harsh Sprih , Lonsinger Robert C. , Kauth Hilary R. , Gregory Andrew J.
Published: December 2024

Habitat loss and fragmentation are a growing threat to wildlife, and a better understanding of these landscape processes is needed to mitigate their effects on species populations. Grassland biomes are among the most imperiled ecosystems in the world, and grassland birds are experiencing significant population declines in North America. Understanding how species respond to differences in resource availabilities across spatiotemporal extents is critical to determining animals' distributions. Here, we investigated the relationship of landscape attributes to spatiotemporal distribution of a grassland bird, the ring‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), which has experienced population declines in the Midwest, USA. Pheasant declines have been attributed to two anthropogenic stressors, land use change and climate change. In this study, we evaluated the effect of landscape attributes (composition and configuration) on the home‐range size and resource selection of pheasants. We used a 95% fixed kernel estimator to estimate home‐range size and identified scales at which landscape features influenced home‐range sizes. We quantified landscape features within radii of 250, 500, and 1000 m (i.e., local to broader spatial scales) from the home‐range center. We also used resource selection functions to predict the home‐range placement (second order) and resource selection within home ranges (third order) of pheasants during winter, pre‐nesting, and nesting seasons. We developed multi‐scale predictions of pheasant resource selection and identified wetlands, grasslands, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands, and small grains as land cover types used by pheasants to fulfill their life requirements. Our results indicated home ranges were more likely to be in a landscape with more CRP, wetlands, and grasslands; more connected grasslands; and a greater number of grassland patches. Pheasants also selected heterogeneous landscape and avoided row crops at both orders of selection. Maintaining habitat heterogeneity, by managing landscapes composed of a high proportion of grasslands and CRP surrounded by small grains and wetlands, could enhance the benefits of local management practices for pheasants. Collectively, insights obtained from our study can advance habitat conservation efforts for similar grassland birds and consequently are of broad utility to biologists and wildlife managers.
Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Hybrid Electrodes Fabricate by Combining Electrospinning/Electrospray Technique for Supercapacitors
Authors: Simon Shilpa , Sreeja P. B.
Published: December 2024

This study presents the successful synthesis and characterization of polyaniline (PANI), PANI/reduced graphene oxide PANI/rGO (PR), and PANI/rGO/ZnO (PRZ) nanocomposites as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Employing electrospinning and electrospraying techniques, we developed nanofibrous composites with enhanced structural and electrochemical properties. The addition of rGO and ZnO in the PRZ composite significantly improved specific capacitance, stability, and charge‐transfer efficiency. Electrochemical analyses, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), revealed a peak specific capacitance of 845 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 for PRZ, outperforming PR (395 F g−1), and PANI (140 F g−1). These enhancements are attributed to the synergistic effects of carbon‐based and pseudocapacitive components, resulting in higher conductivity, improved redox activity, and reduced internal resistance. Additionally, the PRZ composite exhibited excellent cyclic stability, retaining 89% of its capacitance over 5000 cycles, underscoring its durability and suitability for long‐term energy storage applications.
Channel Estimation for IRS‐Aided OTFS System Using Dilated Attention GAN
Authors: Singh Shatakshi , Trivedi Aditya , Saxena Divya
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a channel estimation method for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)‐aided orthogonal time‐frequency spacing (OTFS) system in a dynamic scenario. Current channel estimation techniques for IRS‐aided OTFS systems are built upon explicit channel model assumptions, which can constrain their adaptability in intricate environments. Furthermore, their reliance on pilot signals introduces significant pilot overhead in high‐speed scenarios. To address these issues, we propose a dilated attention generative adversarial network (DAGAN) that has a novel architecture for capturing long‐range dependency among data symbols separated in the delay‐Doppler (DD) domain for estimating channels. Furthermore, the DAGAN includes an attention block to extract essential features from data symbols for channel information generation. This mechanism is guided by least square (LS) estimates of specific DD paths, serving as additional information for the DAGAN. Experimental results illustrate that the DAGAN method performs the best with the least NMSE with limited pilot overhead in comparison to other methods.