bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In silico Analysis of UGT Gene as A Preliminary Data: (A-Review)
Authors: Adiga Usha
Published: August 2023

Recurrent unprovoked seizures are a hallmark of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition caused by momentary changes in the way cortical neurons conduct electricity. Epilepsy patients have been treated with more than 20 anti-epileptic medicines (AEDs) to control their seizures, but one-third of them are resistant to the drugs. The pharmacological treatment of epilepsy frequently involves therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), although the plasma levels of various AEDs do not always correspond well with the doses and/or the therapeutic or harmful effects of the medications. The genetic polymorphisms of numerous enzymes involved in the metabolism of these medications may be to blame for this. The study's goal was to examine UGT1A6 and UGT2B7 gene polymorphisms using bioinformatics methods.
Enzymatic Activity of Polyphenol Oxidase: A Laboratory Experiment in Flexible Learning
Authors: Duldulao Dyanne Jane Cid
Published: August 2023

Polyphenol oxidases (PPO) are enzymes that catalyze the browning of fruits and vegetables when oxygen in the air reacts with the present phenolic compounds. This study demonstrates the enzymatic browning of food samples and the inhibition of its activity by common household materials. Fresh food samples were tested in different treatments of acidic and ionic solutions, and syrups. Observations from the students’ work showed that changes in pH, surface area for the site of reaction, and ionic conditions affect enzymatic browning. The deviation from the optimum working pH, introduction of ionic interaction, and alteration of the surface area led to the interruption of the interaction within the enzyme structure and between its active site and the substrate thereby inhibiting the enzyme function. Results of the experiment can also serve as a basis for further studies on the development of methods and products to inhibit PPO action and maintain the sensory value and nutritional quality of foods. Furthermore, experiments of similar nature can be crafted as practical activities and alternative teaching techniques designed for students to apply chemistry concepts and laboratory fundamentals to the conduct of an experiment suited for the flexible learning set- up.
Development of a Chromatographic Technique for Quantification of Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Diclofenac Potassium
Authors: Dash Dillip Kumar , Sen Ashim Kumar , Saisivam S. , Zanwar Aarti S. , Patel Shivkant , B. Sen Dhanya
Published: August 2023

A straightforward RP-HPLC approach has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of drotaverine hydrochloride (DROTA) and diclofenac potassium (DICLO) in their combined dosage form. This method was found to be simple, accurate, and precise. Chromatographic detection has been carried out on a Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, i.d, 5 µm) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of Methanol and Water (80:20 v/v, pH 3 adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid). The wavelength of 280 nm was chosen for the UV detection. The separation of DROTA and DICLO took less than ten minutes, had a good resolution, and produced very little tailing. There was no interference from any excipients. The method was validated in accordance with the ICH recommendations, and the criteria for accuracy, precision, linearity, and system adaptability were all satisfactory in each and every one of the cases.
A large dermoid cyst of the spermatic cord
Authors: Pang KH , Haider A , Ho D Heffernan , Walker NF , Walkden M , Freeman A , Muneer A , Alnajjar HM
Published: August 2023

Dermoid cysts of the spermatic cord are rare, with only a few adult cases published in the literature. We report a patient with a 10cm inguinal mass referred to us for a suspected paratesticular sarcoma. Imaging suggested a cyst but, due to the recent increase in size, the cyst contents were evacuated and the cyst wall was biopsied. Histopathology revealed a dermoid cyst, which is a benign variant of cystic teratomas. Histopathological examination was required here due to the uncertainty. Careful interpretation was required, as cystic teratomas very occasionally undergo a malignant transformation.
Space Unmade: Hurricane Dorian, Autoethnography and Dislocation
Authors: Benett Ian Bethell
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This paper uses an autoethnographic approach to documenting some of the impacts of Hurricane Dorian on Abaco and the fallout. Within this approach, the paper employs concepts such as spatial and climate (in)justice, structural, and slow violence to explore disaster capitalism that results from a neoliberal state and its desire to dispose of those ‘less worthy’. The work builds on other disasters in the region and attempts to draw parallels between Dorian, The Bahamian government’s response, and the similarity it shares with other regional responses, though the groundwork had already been laid for a slow and silent dispossession and green gentrification. Resumen: Este artículo utiliza un enfoque autoetnográfico para documentar algunos de los impactos del huracán Dorian en Ábaco y sus consecuencias. Dentro de este enfoque, el documento emplea conceptos como la (in)justicia espacial y climática, y la violencia estructural y lenta para explorar el capitalismo del desastre que resulta de un estado neoliberal y su deseo de deshacerse de los “menos dignos”. El trabajo se basa en otros desastres en la región e intenta establecer paralelos entre Dorian, la respuesta del gobierno de las Bahamas y la similitud que comparte con otras respuestas regionales, aunque ya se habían sentado las bases para un despojo lento y silencioso y una gentrificación verde. Résumé: Cet article utilise une approche autoethnographique pour documenter certains des impacts de l’ouragan Dorian sur Abaco et les retombées. Dans le cadre de cette approche, l’article utilise des concepts tels que l’(in)justice spatiale et climatique, la violence structurelle et lente pour explorer le capitalisme de catastrophe qui résulte d’un État néolibéral et de son désir de se débarrasser de ceux qui en sont ≪ moins méritants ≫. Le travail s’appuie sur d’autres catastrophes dans la région et tente d’établir des parallèles entre Dorian, la réponse du gouvernement des Bahamas, et la similitude qu’il partage avec d’autres réponses régionales, bien que les bases aient déjà été jetées pour une dépossession lente et silencieuse et une gentrification verte.
An interactive deep learning-based approach reveals mitochondrial cristae topologies
Authors: Suga Shogo , Nakamura Koki , Nakanishi Yu , Humbel Bruno M. , Kawai Hiroki , Hirabayashi Yusuke
Published: August 2023

The convolution of membranes called cristae is a critical structural and functional feature of mitochondria. Crista structure is highly diverse between different cell types, reflecting their role in metabolic adaptation. However, their precise three-dimensional (3D) arrangement requires volumetric analysis of serial electron microscopy and has therefore been limiting for unbiased quantitative assessment. Here, we developed a novel, publicly available, deep learning (DL)-based image analysis platform calledPython-basedhuman-in-the-loopworkflow (PHILOW) implemented with a human-in-the-loop (HITL) algorithm. Analysis of dense, large, and isotropic volumes of focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) using PHILOW reveals the complex 3D nanostructure of both inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and provides deep, quantitative, structural features of cristae in a large number of individual mitochondria. This nanometer-scale analysis in micrometer-scale cellular contexts uncovers fundamental parameters of cristae, such as total surface area, orientation, tubular/lamellar cristae ratio, and crista junction density in individual mitochondria. Unbiased clustering analysis of our structural data unraveled a new function for the dynamin-related GTPase Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1) in regulating the balance between lamellar versus tubular cristae subdomains.
The microbiota conditions a gut milieu that selects for wild-type Salmonella Typhimurium virulence
Authors: Gül Ersin , Bakkeren Erik , Salazar Guillem , Steiger Yves , Abi Younes Andrew , Clerc Melanie , Christen Philipp , Fattinger Stefan A. , Nguyen Bidong D. , Kiefer Patrick , Slack Emma , Ackermann Martin , Vorholt Julia A. , Sunagawa Shinichi , Diard Médéric , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich
Published: August 2023

Salmonella Typhimurium elicits gut inflammation by the costly expression of HilD-controlled virulence factors. This inflammation alleviates colonization resistance (CR) mediated by the microbiota and thereby promotes pathogen blooms. However, the inflamed gut-milieu can also select for hilD mutants, which cannot elicit or maintain inflammation, therefore causing a loss of the pathogen’s virulence. This raises the question of which conditions support the maintenance of virulence in S. Typhimurium. Indeed, it remains unclear why the wild-type hilD allele is dominant among natural isolates. Here, we show that microbiota transfer from uninfected or recovered hosts leads to rapid clearance of hilD mutants that feature attenuated virulence, and thereby contributes to the preservation of the virulent S. Typhimurium genotype. Using mouse models featuring a range of microbiota compositions and antibiotic- or inflammation-inflicted microbiota disruptions, we found that irreversible disruption of the microbiota leads to the accumulation of hilD mutants. In contrast, in models with a transient microbiota disruption, selection for hilD mutants was prevented by the regrowing microbiota community dominated by Lachnospirales and Oscillospirales. Strikingly, even after an irreversible microbiota disruption, microbiota transfer from uninfected donors prevented the rise of hilD mutants. Our results establish that robust S. Typhimurium gut colonization hinges on optimizing its manipulation of the host: A transient and tempered microbiota perturbation is favorable for the pathogen to both flourish in the inflamed gut and also minimize loss of virulence. Moreover, besides conferring CR, the microbiota may have the additional consequence of maintaining costly enteropathogen virulence mechanisms.
How does the import of environmental intermediate goods affect CO2 emissions? theoretical and empirical research of prefecture-level cities of China
Authors: Yuan Wenhua , Lu Weixiao , Zhang Junyan
Published: August 2023

This paper constructs a theoretical model of biased production decisions due to the import of environmental intermediate goods. Additionally, it analyzes the influence of these imports on CO2 emissions based on the trade and CO2 emission data of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2000 to 2016. Furthermore, it empirically explores how environmental intermediate imports affect CO2 emissions. The study found the following: first, the import of environmental intermediate goods can effectively reduce CO2 emissions; this conclusion still holds under robustness and endogeneity tests. Second, the carbon emission reduction effect related to the import of environmental intermediate goods is affected by differences in geographical location, environmental pollution, sustainable development ability and government efficiency. Third, the mechanism test found that the import of environmental intermediate goods exerts emission reduction effects through the green technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading mechanisms. The conclusions of the research in this article provide a reference for coordinating trade development and environmental protection.
Factors associated with oral health care behaviors of pregnant women in a northeastern province in Thailand: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Bunnatee Pimchanok , Abdulsalam Fatima Ibrahim , Phoosuwan Nitikorn
Published: August 2023

Background

Oral healthcare behavior leads to oral health status. Factors associated with oral healthcare behavior might affect oral hygiene in pregnant women, who are at high risk for gingivitis and dental caries. This study aimed to explore factors associated with oral healthcare behaviors during pregnancy among pregnant women in a northeastern province of Thailand.

Method

A total of 405 pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics at one of the government hospitals in the province were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Dentists in the hospitals measured pregnant women’s gingivitis and dental calculus status using mouth mirrors and explorers. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain variables of interest. Linear regression analysis, Beta and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied.

Results

The majority were 20–24 years old (33.6%). Most of the participants had received upper secondary education (37.6%). Majority had gingivitis (88.1%) and dental calculus (88.6%). The findings revealed that age (Beta = -0.129, 95%CI = -0.269, -0.016), educational level (Beta = 0.118, 95% CI = 0.110, 0.183), and oral health literacy (Beta = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.156, 0.319) were statistically significant factors associated with oral healthcare behaviors.

Conclusion

Younger pregnant women had better oral healthcare behaviors than older pregnant women and pregnant women had better oral healthcare behaviors due to higher educational levels and oral health literacy. Oral health promotion should be improved through oral health literacy, and interventions should be added to improve oral care skills particularly in older pregnant women as they are at a greater risk for poor oral healthcare behaviors.
The effect of tranexamic acid on intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing brain meningioma resections: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yu Haojie , Liu Minying , Zhang Xingyue , Ma Tingting , Yang Jingchao , Wu Yaru , Wang Jie , Li Muhan , Wang Juan , Zeng Min , Zhang Liyong , Jin Hailong , Liu Xiaoyuan , Li Shu , Peng Yuming
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been proven to prevent thrombolysis and reduce bleeding and blood transfusion requirements in various surgical settings. However, the optimal dose of TXA that effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding and blood product infusion in patients undergoing neurosurgical resection of meningioma with a diameter ≥ 5 cm remains unclear.

Methods

This is a single-center, randomized, double-blinded, paralleled-group controlled trial. Patients scheduled to receive elective tumor resection with meningioma diameter ≥ 5 cm will be randomly assigned the high-dose TXA group, the low-dose group, and the placebo. Patients in the high-dose TXA group will be administered with a loading dose of 20 mg/kg TXA followed by continuous infusion TXA at a rate of 5 mg/kg/h. In the low-dose group, patients will receive the same loading dose of TXA followed by a continuous infusion of normal saline. In the control group, patients will receive an identical volume of normal saline. The primary outcome is the estimated intraoperative blood loss calculated using the following formula: collected blood volume in the suction canister (mL)–the volume of flushing (mL) + the volume from the gauze tampon (mL). Secondary outcomes include calculated intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative coagulation function assessed using thromboelastogram (TEG), intraoperative cell salvage use, blood product infusion, and other safety outcomes.

Discussion

Preclinical studies suggest that TXA could reduce intraoperative blood loss, yet the optimal dose was controversial. This study is one of the early studies to evaluate the impact of intraoperative different doses infusion of TXA on reducing blood loss in neurological meningioma patients.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05230381. Registered on February 8, 2022.
Indicators for the evaluation of musculoskeletal trauma systems: A scoping review and Delphi study
Authors: Dworkin M. , Agarwal-Harding K. J. , Joseph M. , Cahill G. , Konadu-Yeboah D. , Makasa E. , Mock C. ,   the MSK Indicator Group
Published: August 2023

Background

Trauma is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Musculoskeletal trauma results in the majority of post-traumatic morbidity and disability globally. The literature has reported many performance indicators relating to trauma care, but few specific to musculoskeletal injuries.

Study objectives

The purpose of this study was to establish a practical list of performance indicators to evaluate and monitor the quality and equity of musculoskeletal trauma care delivery in health systems worldwide.

Methods

A scoping review was performed that identified performance indicators related to musculoskeletal trauma care. Indicators were organized by phase of care (general, prevention, pre-hospital, hospital, post-hospital) within a modified Donabedian model (structure, process, outcome, equity). A panel of 21 experts representing 45 countries was assembled to identify priority indicators utilizing a modified Delphi approach.

Results

The scoping review identified 1,206 articles and 114 underwent full text review. We included 95 articles which reported 498 unique performance indicators. Most indicators related to the hospital phase of care (n = 303, 60%) and structural characteristics (n = 221, 44%). Mortality (n = 50 articles) and presence of trauma registries (n = 16 articles) were the most frequently reported indicators. After 3 rounds of surveys our panel reached consensus on a parsimonious list of priority performance indicators. These focused on access to trauma care; processes and key resources for polytrauma triage, patient stabilization, and hemorrhage control; reduction and immobilization of fractures and dislocations; and management of compartment syndrome and open fractures.

Conclusions

The literature has reported many performance indicators relating to trauma care, but few specific to musculoskeletal injuries. To create quality and equitable trauma systems, musculoskeletal care must be incorporated into development plans with continuous monitoring and improvement. The performance indicators identified by our expert panel and organized in a modified Donabedian model can serve as a method for evaluating musculoskeletal trauma care.
Biochar as a water protection tool in peatland forestry – nutrient recovery from runoff water
Authors: Kakaei Lafdani Elham ,   University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, School of Forest Sciences
Published: August 2023

Water quality is significantly affected by the forest logging activities that are carried out in drained peatlands, which causes a notable enhancement in sediment loading and nutrient export to water bodies. Furthermore, the seasonal fluctuations in nutrient concentrations in the runoff further underscore the need for efficient water protection tools in peatland forestry. To address these issues, biochar-based adsorption methods can potentially offer an effective alternative for water protection in peatland forestry. The current thesis investigates the potential for adsorption-based nutrient recovery from clear-cut peatland runoff water using Norway spruce and Silver birch biochars. In particular, the aim is to i) study the adsorption characteristics in relation to biochar properties and nutrient compounds in runoff waters in a small-scale laboratory experiment (Paper I); ii) investigate the adsorption characteristics of nitrogen (N) compounds from runoff water in a meso-scale laboratory experiment that utilises biochar reactors (Paper II); and iii) investigate the dynamics of biochar adsorption and desorption under fluctuating total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in runoff water (Paper III). Biochar made from birch and spruce were shown to efficiently adsorb N compounds from the water. Across all experiments, the TN content declined significantly, irrespective of the scale, or whether the runoff volume ranged from litres (I and III) to hundreds of litres (II). Furthermore, the TN content at the beginning of the experiment declined at the fastest rate. The results indicate that cases of relatively low adsorption capacity were attributed to the low initial TN concentrations in the water. In addition, TN adsorption occurs above a threshold concentration in natural runoff water. The spruce did not adsorb TN when the concentrations in the runoff water fell below 0.4 mg L-1. In this thesis, biochar emerges as a compelling water protection solution, particularly in regions where clear-cut peatlands release substantial quantities of nutrients.
Ethnopharmacological Study, Phytochemical Quality and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Origanum majorana from Taounate Region (Morocco)
Authors: Benziane Ouaritini Zineb , El Hajjaji Mohamed Amine , Braoul Salma , Benkhaira Nesrine , Fikri-Benbrahim Kawtar
Published: August 2023

This study aims to collect the traditional uses of three medicinal plants, Chenopodium ambrosioïdes, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Origanum majorana, in Taounate region of Morocco and to evaluate the phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity of their essential oils. The ethnobotanical survey showed that Eucalyptus camaldulensis is used to treat respiratory ailments (27%), followed by osteo-articular troubles (24%), neurological diseases (22%), genitourinary and also digestive tract ailments (11% for each), while only 2% use it against dermatological problems. Origanum majorana was recommended for cardiovascular diseases (31%), neurological diseases (25%), digestive tract diseases (25%) and genitourinary infections (14%), as well as metabolic troubles (5%). While Chenopodium ambrosioides is mainly consumed to treat neurological diseases (37%), digestive diseases (35%) and skin conditions (20%). After hydrodistillation, the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC/MS). The main component of Chenopodium ambrosioides essential oil is α-terpinene (80.74%). For Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil, 1,8-cineole (34.16%) and (-)-spathulenol (21.21%) are the main compounds. As for Origanum majorana essential oil, terpinene-4-ol (39.80%), α-phellandrene (15.15%) and carene (12.06%) represent the major components. The antibacterial activity of these essential oils indicates a stronger inhibitory effect on Gram-positive strains than Gram-negative strains; with minimum inhibitory concentrations varying between 5-40 μL/mL.
Design, Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Screening of Several Novel Benzothiophene Linked Thiazolidines
Authors: BHASKAR J UDAYA , RAO G. SRINIVASA , RAO B. PULLA , CHATTERJEE PRANAB , SAHOO D.K. , RAO S. SRINIVASA
Published: August 2023

A novel sequence of (19E)-(3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-N′-((Z)-5-benzyliden-4-oxo-3-phenyl thiazolidin-2-ylidene)propanehydrazides (6a-f) was synthesized in moderate to good yields from the final intermediate, (E)-(3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-N′-(4-oxo-3-phenylthiazolidin- 2-ylidene)propane hydrazide (5). In present work, 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)propanoic acid (1) was selected as raw material and  compounds such as 1-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)pentan-3-one (2), 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)propanehydrazide (3) and 1-(3-(benzo[b]- thiophen-3-yl)-propanoyl)-4-phenylsemicarbazide (4) were materialized as intermediates. All the isolated intermediates and target  compounds have been characterized with the data obtained from different spectroscopic methods. The products were also examined  against few microorganisms. According to the screening results, the tested targets performed satisfactory growth of inhibition.
Effect of ZnO on the Structural and Magnetodielectric Properties of MgFe2O4 Nanocomposite Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Veeramani T. , VENKATARAJU C. , PORKALAI V. , SAGAYARAJ R.
Published: August 2023

Zinc oxide doped magnesium ferrite (Mg1-xZnxFe2O4) nanocomposite was synthesized using sol-gel method and demonstrated to have a cubic spinel structure, with a range of crystallite sizes (19-40 nm) and lattice constants (8.432-8.399 Å). The material was found  to have two prominent vibrational modes for tetrahedral (446 cm–1) and octahedral (584 cm–1). The dielectric constant was higher at  low frequencies and decreased at higher frequencies, while the saturation magnetization decreased (16 to 6 emu/g) gradually with an  increase in Zn2+, likely due to the presence of non-magnetic Zn2+. The magneto-dielectric constant was found to increase with the  magnetic field for MgFe2O4 and up to a magnetic field of 2000 Oe for the zinc magnesium nanocomposites, after which it decreased  for higher magnetic fields. A positive and negative change in magneto-capacitance as a function of the magnetic field was also  observed. The antibacterial activity suggests that the substitution of Zn2+ into magnesium ferrite can be an effective method for  improving antibacterial activity, with the potential to damage the bacterial membrane and other components through positively  charged ions and ROS generated by nanoparticles. Potential uses for this synthetic material include magneto-optical recording and  magnetic biosensors.
La10Si6O27:Eu3+ Nanophosphor: Its Photocatalytic and Sensor Applications
Authors: MURTHY H.C. ANANDA , NAVEEN KUMAR A. , BASAVARAJU N. , RAVIKUMAR C.R. , DILEEPKUMAR V.G. , RAMESH R.
Published: August 2023

This study reported the influence of La10Si6O27:Eu3+ nanophosphor prepared by solution combustion method by using oxalyl dihydrazidecas fuel on the electrochemical performance in HCl used as an electrolyte. The structural morphology of the nanoparticles was characterized by PXRD, it confirms pure hexagonal oxyapatite phase with the crystallite size averaging between 20-30 nm. To examine the electrochemical behaviour of the nanophosphor in an acidic medium, both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques were utilized. For the electrochemical analysis used in this study, a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) with the nanophosphor was utilized as the working electrode, which is an excellent sense of the paracetamol and sildenafil citrate (viagra). Further, the synthesized La10Si6O27:Eu3+ nanophosphor exhibited improved photocatalytic mobility (PCM) and enhanced photostability when exposed to UV light during the decomposition process of direct green dye. These findings suggest that the developed material holds great promise as a potential sensor and photocatalyst.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Analgesic and Antioxidant Activity of 3-Phenyl Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: ADSULE PRAJAKTA , Purandare Dishank , KULKARNI S. , JOSHI R. , CHABUKSWAR A.
Published: August 2023

A series of 3- phenyl substituted coumarin derivatives prepared by reacting substituted aromatic aldehyde with phenylacetic acid. The chemical composition of substituted coumarin derivatives was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR spectra and elemental analysis. Designed 3-phenyl coumarin derivatives were docked with Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme (PDB CODE: 3Q7D). Compounds were synthesized and evaluated for in-vivo analgesic and in-vitro antioxidant activities depending upon the highest binding affinity. Compounds 02, 10, and 11 exhibited significant analgesic activity. Compounds 09, 04, 01, and 03   showed significant antioxidant potential in the DPPH  method, and Compounds 05 and 07 have shown excellent scavenging potential in the nitric oxide scavenging method compared to  ascorbic acid. This research work includes the synthesis of 3-phenyl coumarin scaffolds and the evaluation of their analgesic &  antioxidant activity.
Flavonoids and their Role in the Remedy of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Authors: Rath Deepankar , Kar Biswakanth , Pattnaik Gurudutta , Bhukta Pallishree
Published: August 2023

The impact of diabetes mellitus on the health care system is significant due to its global prevalence affecting millions of individuals. This condition is commonly related with factors such as obesity, urbanization, and genetic alterations. Those with diabetes mellitus have elevated blood glucose levels because an inability to produce, secrete or bind to insulin causes a lowering of insulin levels. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables and fungi. Carbon atoms are comprised of 15 chains of three carbon atoms in a skeleton. The anthocyanidin family includes flavonoids, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols and flavonoids. In addition to their antidiabetic properties, flavonoids also have antioxidant properties. Molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids are summarized in this review. Other natural compounds with antidiabetic properties include cosmosiin, didymin, diosmin, naringin, isosiennsetin, nobiletin, poncirin, quercetin, rhoifolin, sinensetin, naringenin, sudachitin, rutin, hesperidin and tangeretin, which also improve lipid and phospholipid metabolism. The progression of diabetes is influenced by diabetes biomarkers. Citrus flavonoids are therefore promising candidates for antidiabetic action, even though further research is necessary to prove their effectiveness.
Novel Ferrocenyl-substituted Organometallics with Pyrimidine Moiety as Potent Antiprotozoal Agents: Synthesis, Characterization and in Silico Evaluation
Authors: Parveen Humaira , YOUNUS WANI MOHAMMAD , ALOTAIBI FATIMAH A. , MUKHTAR SAYEED , FARIDI UZMA
Published: August 2023

Metallodrugs have been extensively used in modern research to design and synthesize new core drug molecules. In search of new leads in protozoal chemotherapy, we have synthesized novel ferrocene-substituted pyrimidine-based organometallic compounds and thoroughly investigated their ADMET [Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity] and pharmacokinetic properties. The compounds exhibited excellent solubility potential, with favourable permeability and absorption characteristics. They demonstrated low toxicity, as indicated by clearance values and oral toxicity measurements. Molecular docking studies revealed strong interactions with the target site, surpassing the performance of reference drugs metronidazole and ornidazole. Overall, these organometallic compounds possess desirable ADMET profiles, meet Lipinski's criteria, and exhibit promising drug-likeness properties, positioning them as potential leads for the development of effective antiprotozoal agents.
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter as a Predictor of Raised Intracranial Pressure Findings on Orbital Ultrasound
Authors: Polasa Aditya  , Lokesh Kumar T.  , Armel Arputha Sivarajan  , Yadav K.R.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Several studies have found an association between raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in conditions with severe head injury and intracranial bleeding. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is also a cause of elevated ICP. Because the meninges and subarachnoid space around the optic nerve are continuous, a rise in ICP can be detected with an increase in ONSD. The objectives of this study were to correlate Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) with features suggestive of raised intracranial pressure on CT / MRI of the Brain and describe the features suggestive of raised intracranial pressure on CT/MRI Brain in clinically suspected patients.

METHODS

This was a case control study carried out in the Department of Radio-diagnosis at MGMCRI for suspected raised intracranial pressure evaluation. All these patients were subjected to ultrasound examination of the eye and the optic sheath diameter was measured while the patients were in supine posture. ONSD was measured on Mind ray DC8, and/or GE S7 Expert using High frequency linear probe on the closed upper eyelid with adequate aqueous gel as a coupling agent. ONSD was also measured in Philips 1.5T MRI and Ge optima 128 slice CT. Patients were followed up on whether they were treated surgically or medically and if they developed clinical signs of raised ICP such as headache, vomiting, raised blood pressure, double vision, confusion or loss of consciousness.

RESULTS

The raised ICP was observed in 30.67 % of study patients and the optic nerve sheath distension was observed in 37.33% of patients. The diagnostic accuracy of determining the optic nerve sheath diameter was equal such as area under curve, sensitivity and specificity as 0.833, 66.67% and 100 % respectively in both methods.

CONCLUSIONS

ONSD has emerged as an interesting option for measuring intracranial hypertension in brain-injured states, owing to its simplicity, non-invasive nature, and accessibility.
A Case of Disseminated Cysticercosis with Cardiac Involvement
Authors: Devi Sasi Ram  , Vamsi Krishna Kotagiri  , Sujana Gogineni
Published: August 2023

Cardiac involvement in disseminated cysticercosis is a rare presentation. Here we report a case of 32-year-old male who presented with a seizure disorder and was found to have disseminated cysticercosis involving central nervous system, cardiac, intraocular and skeletal muscles.

Disseminated cysticercosis (DCC) is defined as multiple cystic/enhancing cysticercal lesions (>3) in the brain, along with evidence of involvement in another body part, such as the skin, subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles, eyes, or other visceral organs.[1] Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection that results from the ingestion of pork tapeworm ova, Taenia solium. The ingested worm ova then hatch in the gastrointestinal tract, penetrate the small intestine, and spread hematogenously to essentially any organ.[2]
Investigation of Plasma Parameters Using OES and Spectra Simulations
Authors: Murmantsev Aleksandr , Veklich Anatolii , Baeva Margarita , Boretskij Viacheslav , Ninyovskij Volodymyr
Published: August 2023

The radiation from the arc plasma ignited between the flat ends of copper electrodes in atmospheric pressure air at a direct current of 3.5 A is analyzed to determine the plasma temperature and composition. Side-on spectra in the range (430 – 650) nm are recorded using a CMOS camera connected to a spectrograph. The spectral emission coefficient is evaluated from the spectral radiance, which provides the radiator number density. The excitation temperature is obtained by applying the Boltzmann plot technique to at least two spectral lines and a series of radial positions in the midplane of the arc. Subsequently, the plasma composition is determined. The equation of radiative transfer is solved along lines of sight considered in the experiment. The spectral intensity of Cu I lines is computed and compared with the experimental ones. The arc properties are obtained by assuming axial symmetry and mapping the evaluated values in the midplane.
Influence of Oxygen-containing Filling Gas Mixtures on the Interruption Capability of MV Load Break Switches
Authors: Castiñeira Suárez Manuel , Ballweber T. , Moser A. , Schaak M. , Ermeler K.
Published: August 2023

Nowadays SF6 is commonly used as filling gas for medium voltage load break switches due to its outstanding insulating and arc-quenching properties. However, due to its high global warming potential the interrupting performance of alternative eco-friendly gases are investigated for such devices. This contribution investigates the thermal interruption capability of a medium voltage load break switch using two different oxygen-containing gas mixtures: dry air and a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The findings indicate an improved performance in comparison to pure nitrogen when considering an admixture of oxygen. In gas mixtures containing 80\% nitrogen, the addition of oxygen results in an enhanced thermal interruption capability compared to an equivalent proportion of carbon dioxide.
Prevalência de acidentes endodônticos e sua associação com o perfil dos cirurgiões-dentistas do estado do Pará/Brasil
Authors: Rêgo Ana Cristina Bechara , Rosas Cesar Augusto Perini , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira , Ferreira Emílio Henrique Rocha Gonçalves , Fontana Carlos Eduardo , Martin Alexandre Sigrist de
Published: August 2023

Introdução: O tratamento dos canais radiculares está associado a circunstâncias aleatórias imprevistas e indesejadas, geralmente definidas como acidentes de procedimento. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de acidentes e complicações endodônticas entre os profissionais da Odontologia no estado do Pará. Métodos: Foram obtidos 151 questionários, respondidos por meio digital, no período de julho-novembro de 2017, utilizando o serviço disponível em www.surveymonkey.com. Foram completamente preenchidos e incluídos no estudo 135 questionários. O programa estatístico IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), em sua versão 23.0, foi usado para a obtenção dos resultados, e o Teste da Razão de Verossimilhança foi empregado com o intuito de se verificar as associações entre grupos, a um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se que 46,66% dos entrevistados eram pós-graduados em Endodontia, 34,83% eram clínicos gerais e 18,51% tinham outras especialidades. Dos especialistas em Endodontia, 91,90% responderam já ter fraturado instrumentos dentro do canal radicular, e 42,20% dos clínicos gerais afirmaram ter passado pela experiência de fratura (p<0,001). Acidentes como a perfuração foram relatados por 54,80% dos especialistas e 44,40% dos clínicos gerais (p=0,551), e acidentes com hipoclorito de sódio foram relatados por 42,60% dos especialistas em Endodontia e por 47,80% dos clínicos gerais (p=0,642). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que cursos de atualização devem ser realizados, com incorporação de novas tecnologias pelos profissionais, para evitar acidentes endodônticos, e que, principalmente, o uso frequente do dique de borracha é imprescindível.
Tratamento de perfuração radicular em dente anterior com cimento biocerâmico: relato de caso
Authors: Morais Carlos Alberto Herrero de , Tomazoli Aline Thomazelli Peres , Endo Marcos Sergio , Pavan Nair Narumi Orita
Published: August 2023

Introdução: A perfuração radicular é uma comunicação indesejada entre o sistema de canais radiculares e o ligamento periodontal. Embora seja patológica em algumas situações clínicas, normalmente é causada por eventos iatrogênicos. Objetivo: Relatar o tratamento da perfuração radicular de um dente #21, por meio do selamento tardio com cimento biocerâmico MTA HP Repair®. Caso clínico: Após o diagnóstico da perfuração infraóssea no terço médio da raiz, realizou-se a abertura coronária, odontometria, preparo do canal e da área da perfuração, utilizando- se irrigação com soro fisiológico e pontas ultrassônicas. Em seguida, foi realizada a medicação intracanal com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio por 45 dias. Na sessão seguinte, clinicamente, o dente apresentou-se assintomático e com ausência de sangramento, sendo, então, realizada a obturação do canal e da área da perfuração com o cimento MTA HP Repair®. Conclusão: A utilização de recursos de diagnóstico como a tomografia de feixe cônico, aliada a tecnologias como localizadores eletrônicos apicais e insertos ultrassônicos, auxiliou na eficácia e sucesso do tratamento. O uso do cimento biocerâmico MTA HP Repair® permitiu tanto o selamento da perfuração quanto a obturação do canal radicular.
Ação de dissolução tecidual de diferentes soluções irrigadoras ativadas por ultrassom em raízes com reabsorção interna simulada
Authors: Silva Lorena Cássia Oliveira Athaide da , Pedrinha Victor Feliz , Melo Wallacy Watson Pereira , Gomes Thamires Campos , Miranda Ana Raquel Lopes dos Santos , Rodrigues Patricia de Almeida
Published: August 2023

Introdução: Um dos desafios do tratamento endodôntico é a dissolução do tecido orgânico existente em áreas além do canal radicular principal. Objetivo: Analisar a atividade de dissolução orgânica do NaOCl 2,5%, da mistura de NaOCl 2,5% + etidronato 9% (HEBP), e do hipoclorito de cálcio 2,5% (Ca[OCl]2), ativados por irrigação ultrassônica passiva (PUI) em áreas de reabsorção radicular interna simulada. Métodos: Quarenta e oito dentes humanos anteriores com canal radicular único foram selecionados. Após instrumentação, os espécimes foram clivados longitudinalmente. Cavidades semicirculares foram preparadas nos canais em cada hemissecção radicular. Amostras previamente pesadas de tecido muscular bovino moído foram adaptadas nas cavidades semicirculares. Em seguida, os espécimes foram remontados para criar uma cavidade de reabsorção circular simulada dentro do canal e distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n = 12). As seguintes soluções foram aplicadas com PUI: solução salina (controle); NaOCl 2,5%; mistura de NaOCl 2,5% e HEBP 9%; e Ca(OCl)2 2,5%. As raízes foram desmontadas e as amostras de tecido foram pesadas novamente. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de ANOVA e teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Resultados: Todos os grupos experimentais foram estatisticamente diferentes do grupo controle (p < 0,01). O uso de Ca(OCl)2 nas condições experimentais resultou em redução de peso do tecido semelhante ao uso de NaOCl e NaOCl+HEBP (p > 0,05). Conclusão: O Ca(OCl)2 ativado com PUI é uma solução de irrigação eficaz para reduzir a quantidade de tecido orgânico em cavidades artificiais de reabsorção radicular interna em dentes unirradiculares.
Canal médio-mesial tipo confluente em molar inferior, e sua importância no tratamento endodôntico: caso clínico
Authors: Khouri Eduardo , Bramante Clovis Monteiro , Bramante Alexandre Silva , Peña Melissa Esther Rivera
Published: August 2023

Introdução: Molares inferiores geralmente têm duas raízes e três canais, sendo dois na raiz mesial (MV e ML) e um na raiz distal. Eles estão sujeitos a variações com relação ao número de raízes e de canais. Em 18,6% dos casos, o primeiro molar inferior pode apresentar um canal médio- -mesial (MM), localizado entre o mesiovestibular (MV) e o mesiolingual (ML). Objetivo: O presente caso clínico descreve o retratamento de um primeiro molar inferior com tratamento inadequado dos canais e lesão periapical. Relato de caso: Radiograficamente, os canais mesiais apresentavam obturações curtas e desvio no seu trajeto. Durante o retratamento, detectou-se um terceiro canal, MM do tipo confluente, ou seja, terminando no mesmo forame. Procedeu-se o retratamento dos canais. Conclusão: Controles clínicos e radiográficos, efetuados durante 11 anos, mostraram reparo completo da lesão, pelo fato de ter sido possível atingir toda a extensão dos canais através do MM.
Econometric analysis of profit efficiency of broiler farms in Ondo state, Nigeria
Authors: Balogun O. L. , Olumide M. D. , Ayantoye K. , Bolarinwa A. M. , Agboola T. O.
Published: August 2023

Researchers have recently focused their attention on the chicken producers' inability to produce in sufficient quantities and quality, which contributes to the high price of locally produced chickens. The study investigated the profit efficiency of broiler farms in Ondo state, Nigeria. In order to collect cross-sectional data from sixty owners of broiler poultry farms in the study area between October 2021 and January 2022 for the 2021 production year, a multistage survey technique was used. The data were an-alyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas stochastic profit frontier model. Average stock size and mortality rate of farmers were 1826 birds and 3.3% respectively while Ross strain of birds was most preferred birds. The result indicated that broiler farming is a lucrative busi-ness with a profitability index of 45.5 %. The results reveal that the cost of feed, cost of labour used and day-old chicks were the variables that significantly explained the profit efficiency of broiler poul-try farms while household size, years of experience and other income source were the profit inefficien-cy variables. The study recommends government supports to broiler farms in form of input subsidies to enhance efficiency
Job Crafting Perawat Saat Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Perbadingan Pada 3 Jenis Kepemilikan Rumah Sakit Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: AS Andi Indahwaty , Irwandy Irwandy , Mangilep Adhelia U Ady , Insani Indah Nur , Kalsum Ummu
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the structure and working methods of nurses to become more complex, dynamic and challenging. Nurses as the frontline are required to more quickly adapt to changes in the work environment. Proactive work behavior by giving assignments, relationships and work perceptions of nurses is the implementation of Job Crafting (JC). This study aims to compare how JC nurses are between 3 types of hospital ownership that provide Covid-19 services. This study involved 250 nurses in teaching hospitals, private hospitals and government hospitals in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Compare Means and Linearity Test of Anova. The results showed that the highest scores were for Task Crafting (17.47), Cognitive Crafting (21.73) and Relational Crafting (18.44) in Government Hospitals. The lowest scores were for Task Crafting (17.16) at private hospitals, Cognitive Crafting (20.57) at teaching hospitals, and Relational Crafting (17.57) at private hospitals. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that job crafting is more dominantly felt by nurses in government hospitals. In addition, of the three variables that have been tested, cognitive crafting has a stronger relationship effect than the other variables.  Keywords: Job crafting, Nurse, Pandemic, Hospital
Factors Associated with Stunting in Toddlers Under the Service Area of Bakunase Primary Health Center in Kupang City
Authors: Kitu Hendrika Octavia Nugraheni , Syamruth Yendris Krisno , Purnawan Sigit
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Stunting or short stature is a term used for children whose height is below the average of the same sex, age, and ideally from the same racial-ethnic group (£ -2 SD). In the short term, stunting causes a slowdown of growth and development and in the long term, it has an impact on cognitive aspects and increases the risk of getting non-communicable diseases. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of stunting in toddlers under the service area of the Bakunase Primary Health Center, Kupang City.Methods : This research is an analytical survey, with a case-control design. A total 136 toddlers which were divided into 68 case groups and 68 control groups were recruited. The recruited participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. The mother's knowledge, attitude, parenting style, living environment and the incidence of diarrhea were investigated. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The chi-square statistical test was used and Odd Ratios were calculated.Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between mother's knowledge (p-value = 0.000, OR = 6.667), mother's attitude (p-value = 0.000, OR = 5.808), mother's parenting style (p-value = 0.000, OR = 5.093), living environment (p-value = 0.000, OR = 7.538), and the incidence of diarrhea (p-value = 0.002, OR = .3.175) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers the Bakunase Primary Health Center service area, Kupang City.Conclusion: It was concluded that there was a relationship between mother's knowledge, mother's attitude, mother's upbringing, living environment and the incidence of diarrhea with the incidence of stunting in toddlers. Therefore, health promotion and cross-sector cooperation are needed to overcome the problem of stunting.