bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydroxybenzoic acids antioxidants on the oxidative stability of sardine oil
Authors: Chandrasekar Vaisali , Belur Prasana , Iyyaswami Regupathi
Published: March 2023

The antioxidant capacities of three derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acids (Gentisic acid, protochatechuic acid and vanillic acid) in sardine oil werecompared. Peroxide value, conjugated diene value, p-anisidine value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value were assessed todetermine the oxidative stability provided by these substances to the sardine oil. Results showed that gentisic acid (2,5 dihydroxy benzoic acid)was the most effective of the chosen hydroxybenzoic acids in imparting oxidative stability to the sardine oil. Protochatechuic acid (3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid) provided relatively less oxidative stability, while vanillic acid had no effect. Results from this work showed that the position ofhydroxylation and methyl substitution influences the antioxidant capacity of the molecules in sardine oil. Furthermore, it was found that the extentof oxidative stability conferred by the antioxidants in lipid systems is influenced by several other physical and chemical factors as well.
Utilization of cotton plant ash and char for removal of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Authors: Mandavgane Sachin , Trivedi Nikhilesh , Kharkar Rhushikesh
Published: March 2023

Cotton is a common Indian crop grown on a considerable portion of farmland across the country. After separating the useful product (cottonfibers), the other parts of the plant (stalks, leaves, etc.) are discarded as wastes. In most cases, these plant materials are used as fuel in boilers orhouseholds. Cotton wastes when ignited in the presence and absence of air produce cotton plant ash (CPA) and cotton plant char (CPC),respectively. However, CPA and CPC produced pose environmental problems such as safe disposal. Thus, there is an urgent need to characterizethe physical and chemical properties of these derivatives and to identify their potential uses. This study highlights the potential utilization of CPAand CPC as adsorbents of 2,4-D. The main components in CPA, namely, CaO and K2O, provide micronutrients to the soil and are thus useful asa biofertilizers. Moreover, low manufacturing cost and higher availability favor the use of CPA as an efficient, low-cost adsorbent as well as apotential source of vital micronutrients. The adsorption capacity of CPA and CPC was tested using 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as therepresentative herbicide. Experimental data were analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, and these fitted well with theLangmuir model. The adsorption capacity q0 was found to be 0.64 mg/g for CPA and 3.93 mg/g for CPC. Pseudo-first-order pseudo-second-orderand intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were applied to experimental data, and the pseudo second order kinetics model showed best fit for theadsorption of 2,4-D on CPA and CPC. Both CPA and CPC were characterized using proximate analysis, SEM images, BET surface area, XRF,FTIR, and CHNS. The BET surface area was found to be 2 and 109 m2/g, respectively, for CPA and CPC. Adsorption study results indicated thatboth CPA and CPC are very effective cheap adsorbent for 2,4-D removal.
A comparative study of fractional order PIλ/PIλDμ tuning rules for stable first order plus time delay processes
Authors: Gara Uday Bhaskar Babu , Ranganayakulu Rayalla , Rao Ambati Seshagiri
Published: March 2023

Conventional PID tuning methods may not be sufficient to deal with complex processes of modern industry. For better control, fractional orderPIλDμ controller was introduced as the generalization of classical PID controller with the help of non-integer order (fractional order) calculus. Thefractional calculus uses integration and differentiation with a fractional order or complex order. The major advantage of fractional derivative is theability to inherit the nature of the processes. In general, the control loop includes both fractional order process model and fractional order controller.However, the processes to be controlled are usually modeled as integer order models and controlled using fractional order controllers. But if theplant model is obtained as fractional model, it is converted into integer order model by approximating the fractional terms using differentapproximations proposed in the literature. With all the above mentioned advantages, several fractional order PIλ/PIλDμ tuning rules are proposedin the literature for integer order systems and researchers are still proposing the new rules. The main aim of this paper is to compare fractional orderPI/PID tuning methods based on Integral of Absolute Error (IAE), Total Variation (TV) and Maximum Sensitivity (Ms). The main reason forchoosing fractional order PIλ/PIλDμ controllers is their additional degrees of freedom that result in better control performance. These tuning ruleswere applied on several first order plus time delay processes subjected to step change in setpoint and disturbance.Six recent tuning methods, three for fractional order PIλ and the remaining for fractional order PIλDμ, were considered. Finally, from thesimulation results the optimal tuning method is recommended based on the control objective of the process and the process dead time (L) to timeconstant (T) ratio. It is observed that the performance of tuning methods vary with the nature of the process like lag dominant, balanced and delaysignificant processes. The FOPTD processes were checked for robustness with increasing L/T ratio with respect to IAE, TV and Ms.
Pectin–Tin(IV) molybdosilicate: An ecofriendly cationic exchanger and its potential for sorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions
Authors: Nimisha K. V. , Mohan Aparna , Janardanan C.
Published: March 2023

A novel composite cation exchanger of biopolymer Pectin and Tin(IV) molybdosilicate heteropoly acid salt were prepared by co-precipitationtechnique. Physico-chemical characterization of Pectin–Tin(IV) molybdosilicate was performed using instrumental techniques such as FTIR,TG, XRD and SEM–EDS. Studies were carried out to investigate ion exchange capacity. pH titration carried out shows cationic nature andpolyfunctionality of the exchanger. Distribution coefficients of various metal ions were done to explore the ion exchange behavior of cationexchanger. Distribution studies show that the material is highly selective for toxic heavy metal ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+, Al3+ etc. To investigate theenvironmental applicability of the exchanger some analytically important binary separations and selective separation of metal ions from industrialeffluents were achieved. Kinetic and isotherm parameters were evaluated to predict the mechanism of sorption of heavy metal ions. Mass transferanalysis shows that internal particle diffusion and some degree of boundary layer control the sorption process.
Removal of turbidity from washing machine discharge using Strychnos potatorum seeds: Parameter optimization and mechanism prediction
Authors: Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar , Thyagarajan Akshay , Rekhi Shiv , Vaibhav K. N.
Published: March 2023

In this research an attempt has been made to utilize the Strychnos potatorum seed powder as an environmentally friendly coagulant for theremoval of turbidity from washing machine discharge. The performance of this system was also compared with synthetic water. Experimentalstudies were conducted for the maximum removal of turbidity from washing machine discharge and synthetic turbid water which were varied from50 to 145 NTU. The effect of operating parameters such as initial turbidity, S. potatorum dosage and pH of the solution was optimized for themaximum removal of turbidity. It was seen that the percentage removal of turbidity lay was between 68–89% and 65–84% for synthetic turbid waterand washing machine discharge sample respectively, at an ideal pH of 6–7. The experimental values were compared with the Langmuir andFreundlich isotherm models to understand the extent of influence of the sorption of the particles onto the S. potatorum seed powder. Better resultswith respect to concordance of experimental data were observed with Langmuir isotherm model, indicating a monolayer sorption of particles ontothe S. potatorum seed powder. It was observed from the isotherm study that the sorption may also be influenced in the removal of turbidity to someextent from the washing machine discharge and synthetic water. The prepared material can be effectively utilized for the removal of turbidity fromthe water.
Process intensification of esterification reaction for the production of propyl butyrate by pervaporation
Authors: Wasewar Kailas , Khudsange Chandrakat
Published: March 2023

Pervaporation is a membrane separation process vastly used for purification in chemical and allied industries. Esterification reaction can beintensified and enhanced by coupling with pervaporation reactor (PVR). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethersulfone (PES) composite membranewas used for the pervaporation coupled esterification reaction study. Esterification of butyric acid with n-propanol was taken as a model reactionfor the study and to test the performance of pervaporation reactor. Catalyst p-toluenesulfonic acid was used for the esterification reaction. Theeffects of various reaction parameters on conversion of butyric acid such as reaction temperature, initial molar ratio of n-propanol to butyric acid,catalyst loading and reaction time were studied. Experimental results show that the increase of temperature, initial molar ratio, and catalystconcentration enhance the conversion of butyric acid considerably. The highest conversion of 96.41% was obtained at temperature 353 K, molarratio of 2 and catalyst loading of 2.5%w/w at reaction time of 420 minutes. PVA/PES membrane used in the experiments shows the good activityand hydrophilicity and plays a vital role for enhancing the conversion by selectively removing water. Pervaporation coupled esterification showsthe better choice over the conventional route for the production of esters. This technique is environment friendly and energy intensified approachas it reduces pollution and energy requirement.
A study of CO2 flooding on wave velocities in the Naharkatiya oil reservoir of Upper Assam Basin
Authors: Gogoi Subrata , Kakoty Miranda
Published: March 2023

This paper studies the compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in the laboratory in six conventional core plugs. These plugs were obtainedfrom a depth of more than 3000 m from the producing horizons of Naharkatiya oil reservoir of Upper Assam Basin, India. The porosities of theconventional core plugs were from 9.67 to 25.8% and that of unconsolidated sand pack was 47%. These plugs and sand pack were saturated withn-hexadecane before CO2 flooding. It was observed that during flooding compressional-wave velocities decreased more than the shear wavevelocities. These decreases in wave velocity depend on confining pressure, pore pressure, porosity and temperature of the plugs. Increasing porepressure at constant confining pressure not only keeps the pores and cracks open but also reduces the confining pressure effect and increases theCO2 density. Higher pore pressures causes larger decrease in both compressional and shear wave velocities. In case of conventional core plugswhich are consolidated, having lower porosities tends to decrease the CO2 effect. In unconsolidated sand pack the flooding effect is large eventhough porosity is high because the bulk modulus of the sand is low. The experimental and the theoretical analyses in this paper show that thedecrease in compressional-wave velocities caused by CO2 flooding makes it possible to track CO2 front movements and monitor CO2 floodingprocess in the reservoir.
Removal of Crystal Violet dye from aqueous solution using water hyacinth: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study
Authors: Kulkarni Rajeswari , Acharya Anirudh , Bath Prasad , Thulasidharan Revanth
Published: March 2023

Effluent water from dyeing industries has now for long been a taxing issue. Of the various dyes which are extremely toxic, CrystalViolet whichis used in the dyeing industry is known for its mutagenic and mitotic poisoning nature.Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a perennial aquaticplant notorious for its rapid invasive growth on the surface of water bodies causing ill-effects on the biodiversity. The potential of powdered rootsof water hyacinth was studied for decolorization of Crystal Violet dye. Influence of parameters such as initial pH (2.0–10.0), initial dyeconcentration (100–500 ppm), biosorbent dosage (0.5–5 g/l), contact time (10–240 min) and temperature (300–323 K) were examined. Maximumremoval of dye was observed at pH 7.8. The obtained data were fit into different kinetic models and the biosorption was found to follow pseudosecond order kinetic model. The Langmuir monolayer biosorption capacity of water hyacinth was estimated as 322.58 mg/g. The study hasdemonstrated water hyacinth as a potential low cost biosorbent for effective removal of Crystal Violet dye from aqueous solution.
Cationic flocculants derived from native cellulose: Preparation, biodegradability, and removal of dyes in aqueous solution
Authors: Hiroyuki Kono
Published: March 2023

Water-soluble quaternized celluloses with various substitution degrees were prepared. The polymers showed excellent flocculation abilityagainst anionic dyes; this ability was strongly dependent on the substituent degree and not affected by the temperature and pH of the dye solution.The flocculation ability was accurately fitted by a pseudo-second order kinetic model, which enabled reliable predictions of the flocculationbehavior. In addition, the flocculation behavior of the anionic dyes followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, whose analysis revealed themaximum anionic dye coagulation/flocculation capacity. The quaternized celluloses could be regenerated by washing in NaOH solution andprecipitation in acetone. The quaternized celluloses exhibited good biodegradability, with a maximum degradation of 48% within 48 h usingcellulase. These encouraging results indicate that the cationic celluloses could be applicable for use as reusable flocculants for wastewatertreatment, leading to an environmentally friendly method to the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.
Waste walnut shell valorization to iron loaded biochar and its application to arsenic removal
Authors: Duan Xinhui , Kannan C. S. , Zhang Chengcheng , Wang Xin
Published: March 2023

Iron loaded biochar (ILB) was prepared from waste walnut shell by microwave pyrolysis and its application for arsenic removal was attempted.The ILB was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and BET Surface area analyzer. The adsorption isotherm of As(V) in ILB covering a temperature range of 25 to 45 °C, as well as the kinetics of adsorption at 25 °C were experimentally generated. Theadsorption isotherms were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, while the kinetics of adsorption was modeled using thepseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order kinetic models, and intra particle diffusion model. The ILB had a surface area of 418 m2/g with ironpresent in the form of hematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). The arsenic adsorption isotherm matches well with Langmuir isotherm model witha monolayer adsorption capacity of 1.91 mg/g at 25 °C. The adsorption capacity of As (V) well compares with other porous adsorbents widelyreported in literature, supporting its application as a cost effective adsorbent.
Pressurized hot water extraction of 10-deacetylbaccatin III from yew for industrial application
Authors: Strube Jochen , Sixt Maximilian
Published: March 2023

In this study a systematic and model-based approach for a process development focusing on pressur- ized hot water extraction (PHWE) is investigated, considering potential thermal degradation of high- value compounds. For extraction of 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB) from yew as a representative test system, water at 120 °C provided the best compromise between extraction yield and thermal degrada- tion. A yield of almost 100% with regard to the overall amount of 10-DAB was reached in only 20 min. Each experiment for model parameter determination was carried out with 1.9 g of plant material at a flowrate of 1 mL/min and an applied pressure of 11 bar. All experimental values are assessed by a physico-chemical (rigorous) extraction model with experimental values and simulation results showing high conformity. In order to demonstrate the usability of the extraction model and model parameter de- termination a scale-up prediction was calculated. The scale-up experiments were predicted precisely and thus the model validated. The experiments and the simulation results for a column with a volume of 104 mL and a mass of 22 g yew needles were consistent with the milli-scale used for model parameter determination.
Development of new remediation technologies for contaminated soils based on the application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and bioremediation with compost
Authors: Galdames Alazne , Mendoza Amaia , Virto Inigo
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to develop new techniques for the remediation of contaminated soils based on the ap- plication of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and bioremediation with compost from organic wastes and a mixed technique of both. An assessment of the effectiveness of remediation in two soils contami- nated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals was carried out, with the aim of looking for positive synergies by combining the two techniques, and demonstrating their viability on an industrial scale. The applica- tion of nZVI for in situ immobilization of As and Cr in two different soils (Soil I from a contaminated industrial site and Soil II, contaminated artificially) showed a decrease in the concentration of As in Soil I and Soil II, as well as a decrease in Cr concentration for Soil I and Soil II in the leachate of both soils. The addition of compost and nanoparticles under uncontrolled environmental conditions in biopiles was able to produce a decrease in the concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons of up to 60% in the two soils. Especially, degradation and transformation of longer chains occurred. A significant reduction of ecotoxic- ity was observed throughout the process in the biopile of soil II, not reaching the LC50 even with 100% of the sample after the treatment, in both earthworm and seeds growth tests.
Study of argon ions density and electron temperature and density in magnetron plasma by optical emission spectroscopy and collisional-radiative model
Authors: Evdokimov Kirill E. , Konischev Maxim , Pichugin Vladimir , Sun Zhiley
Published: March 2023

Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) combined with the models of plasma light emission becomes non- intrusive and versatile method of plasma parameters determination. In this paper we have studied the densities of charge carriers and electron temperature in Ar plasma of pulsed DC magnetron in different experimental conditions. Electron density and temperature were determined by fitting of relative emis- sion line intensities calculated from collisional-radiative model (CRM) to experimental ones. The model describes the kinetics of the first 40 excited states of neutral argon Ar and takes into account the fol- lowing processes: electron impact excitation/deexcitation, spontaneous light emission, radiation trapping, electron impact ionization, and metastable quenching due to diffusion to walls. Then, ions density was determined from relative intensity of 488 nm Ar + emission line and simple CRM accounting excitation from ground states of neutral Ar and ion Ar + . The values of electron and ion density agree very well. To test the stability of results, we performed Monte-Carlo calculations with random variation of exper- imental spectrum as well as of excitation cross-sections and estimated confidence intervals and errors for plasma parameters. Also, we validated OES study by comparison with Langmuir probe measurements. The agreement between optical and probe techniques is satisfactory.
Production and purification of biodiesel produced from used frying oil using hydrodynamic cavitation
Authors: Rathod Virendra K. , Gupta Anilkumar , Kohle Nitin
Published: March 2023

This work describes the biodiesel production from used frying oil using a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor as well as separation and purification of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Under the optimized process conditions, i.e., methanol to oil molar ratio of 4.5:1 and catalyst (KOH) concentration of 0.55 wt%, the conversion achieved was 93.86 mol%. Higher conversion (93.6%) was obtained in only 20 min as compared to 88.5% in 1 h in stirred tank reactor. Due to the completion of transesterification reaction, the amount of intermediate diglycerides and monoglycerides present in the reaction mixture was less. It helps for the complete separation of methyl ester and glycerol layers without hindrance in 1 h. Small amount KOH catalyst used for completion of reaction reduces amount of KOH and soap in ester layer which further helps to form a less stable emulsion during water washing step. The complete separation was observed at 70 °C temperature in just 3 h. Thus, this study indicates that the increased production capacity can be achieved by shortening the time for the separation and purification.
Energy efficiency challenge of waxy oil production by electric submersible pumps
Authors: Struchkov Ivan A. , Roschin Pavel
Published: March 2023

In this paper the solid wax formation in two live oils of the Samara region fields on five operating pressureswith different contents of high molecular substances were examined. For both oil samples a linearrelation between wax appearance temperature and pressure was obtained. The study showed theinevitable transition of wax from the liquid phase to solid in the examined live oils under downhole conditions.This fact indicates a high probability of complications during well operations of these oilfields.If measures are not put in place to prevent the deposit formation in wells, there is a chance of completeblockage of tubing and flowlines by wax. These problems will lead to decrease in well flowratesto their shutdown, thereby increasing the operation costs to remove deposits and capital expenditures ofoil production. Evaluation of the conditions for the wax precipitation in oil wells will allow to developtechnology of prevention and remediation of previously formed organic deposits. The potential solid waxformation depth of both wells for minimum well flowrate of 20 m 3 per day are calculated. The technologyof continuous injection wax inhibitor in designed depth where formation of solid wax has not beenobserved yet is proposed.
Kinetic study of synthesis of bio-fuel additives from glycerol using a hetropolyacid
Authors: Veluturla Srananthi , Shetty Suniana , Rao D. Subba , Archna Archna
Published: March 2023

Concerns about the ever increasing quantities of glycerol produced as a by-product of the process of manufactureof bio-diesel serve as a fuel for research about the alternative uses of glycerol. The esterificationof glycerol with acetic acid over Cesium supported heteropolyacid (CsPWA) serving as the catalyst wascarried out. The products obtained were mono, di and tri acetins which have wide application as biofuels.A series of experiments were carried out with CsPWA as catalyst and parameters considered for studieswere temperature, molar ratio of reactants (acetic acid:glycerol) and the catalyst loading weight percent.Each parameter was varied keeping the other two constant and the results were recorded. Temperaturewas varied from 80 °C to 110 °C; molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid is between 3:1 and 9:1 and catalystloading of 3%w/w to 7%w/w. The yield and conversion varied for different conditions, but in general, theyield of diacetin and triacetin increased with time. Optimum parameters were adjudged to be 110 °C witha molar ratio of 9:1 of the reactants and catalyst loading being 5% weight of reaction mixture wheremaximum glycerol conversion of 98% was obtained. The results obtained indicate that the esterificationof glycerol with acetic acid is a consecutive reaction and the kinetic model was developed based on homogeneousfirst order reaction series by optimization method using MATLAB, and rate constants (k 1 , k 2and k 3 ) were determined. From the rate constants at different temperatures, using Arrhenius equationthe activation energies (E 1 , E 2 and E 3 ) were also determined.
Comparison of BIPV and BIPVT: A review
Authors: Sudhakar K. , Debbarma Mary , Baredar Prashant
Published: March 2023

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) is a smart energy production system that incorporates solar PV panels as part of the roof, windows, facades and shading devices. When active heat recovery is combined with BIPV systems either in closed loop (like PV-T with liquid loop) or in an open loop with forced air they are known as building-integrated photovoltaic-thermal (BIPVT systems). This paper reviews the BIPV and BIPVT technology. The paper shows various technologies involved in BIPV and BIPVT as well as their function, cost and aesthetics. In addition a review of the application of BIPV and BIPVT installations is described. In comparison to BIPV systems, BIPVT system has significant benefits and potential for wide use in buildings. The building integrated photovoltaic-thermal system design (BIPVT) is also becoming popular among architects and design engineers.
Development of a green procedure of citrus fruits waste processing to recover carotenoids
Authors: Boutekedjiret Chahrazed , Boukroufa Meriem , Chemat Farid
Published: March 2023

In this study, an original and green procedure of processing waste of the citrus fruits was developed using the concept of bio-refinery, innovative techniques “ultrasound”and “micro-wave”, and a green sol- vent “limonene”to recover carotenoids. Essential oil extraction was performed by Solvent Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) and compared to steam distillation (SD). The essential oil yields were comparable for both processes: 4.02 ±0.23% for SFME and 4.16 ±0.05% for SD. After that, carotenoid extraction from cit- rus peels was performed by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conventional extraction (CE) using d -limonene obtained starting from essential oil, as a solvent, and then compared to n-hexane extract. Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite designs (CCD) approach was launched to investigate the influence of process variables on the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The statisti- cal analysis revealed that the optimized conditions of ultrasound power, temperature and time were 208 W cm −2 , 20 °C and 5 min giving carotenoid content of 11.25 mg L −1 . Compared to the conventional ex- traction, (UAE) gave an increase of 40% in carotenoid content. The comparison to n-hexane extract gave no significant changes in carotenoid content. Combination of microwave, ultrasound and d -limonene ob- tained from a bio-refinery of a by-product of citrus fruits industry allow us to develop a very good envi- ronmental green approach giving high added values compounds, with a saving of time, and a complete valorisation of waste.
Effect of nitrate metal (Ce, Cu, Mn and Co) precursors for the total oxidation of carbon monoxide
Authors: Dey Subhash , Mohan Devendra , Dhal Ganesh Chan , Prasad Ram
Published: March 2023

The ambient temperature carbon monoxide oxidation is one of the important topics in the present sce- nario. In this paper, we prepared various types of catalysts from the precursors of cobalt nitrate, cerium nitrate, copper nitrate and manganese nitrate for the oxidation of CO. Among the prepared catalysts, the cerium nitrate precursor showed the best performance for CO oxidation at low temperature. The activity of the catalysts was measured in different calcination conditions like stagnant air, flowing air and reactive calcination (4.5% CO in air). The activity test was done in the reactor under the following reaction con- ditions: 100 mg of catalyst, 2.5% CO in the air and the reaction temperature was increased from ambient to a higher value at which complete oxidation of CO was achieved. The characterization of the catalyst was done by several techniques like XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XPS and BET. The order of activity for different catalysts was as follows: Ce-Oxide > Mn-Oxide > Cu-Oxide > Co-Oxide.
Bio-augmentation of antioxidants and phenolic content of Lablab purpureus by solid state fermentation with GRAS filamentous fungi
Authors: Duhan Joginder Singh , Sadh Pardeep , Saharan Pooja , Duhan Surekha
Published: March 2023

The present study was conducted to find out the effect of solid state fermentation on release of phenolicsand subsequently on improvement of antioxidant activity of fermented seed and flour of Lablabpurpureus (seim), using GRAS filamentous fungi i.e. Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae . Significantincrease in TPC level was observed on 5th day of fermentation of seed and flour with A. awamori and A.oryzae as compared to non-fermented ones. In DPPH and ABTS antioxidant assay, maximum activity wasnoticed in fermented ethanolic extract of seim seed with A . awamori and A . oryzae on 3rd and 4th dayof incubation, respectively. The findings showed higher antioxidant activity formation in fermented seimseed than flour. Significant increase in enzyme activity of α-amylase was also contributed by SSF. Thisstudy demonstrated that fermented seed and flour of seim are better source of phytochemicals comparedto the non-fermented ones.
Fully solar powered Raja Bhoj International Airport: A feasibility study
Authors: Sukumaran Sreenath , Sudhakar K.
Published: March 2023

The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has been increasing and it remained above 400 ppm throughout the year 2016 for the first time. The aviation industry is a main contributor to- wards green house gas emission. In this regard, aviation industry as a whole and airports in particular are trying to limit their carbon foot print. A feasible solution is to substitute the conventional electricity energy consumption of airport with clean energy sources. Solar PV route is considered as non polluting source of electricity but MW scale plant requires more land area. Since vast areas are mandatory in air- port as buffer zones, this land can be effectively used for utility scale solar PV plant. A 2 MWp onsite solar PV power plant is proposed for Raj Bhoj International Airport (RBIA), India. An online PV simulation tool SISIFO, developed by Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), has been used to analyse the performance of the proposed plant. The PV module rating, inverter and transformer specifications etc. are provided as per manufacturer’s datasheet. The plant is capable of generating 2733.122 MWh of electrical energy an- nually. The monthly averaged energy yield and performance ratio (PR) are 113.88 kWh/kWp and 85.54% respectively, which are best when compared to similar utility scale PV power plants. The economic and environmental benefits of the proposed plant are also discussed. The PV plant generation capacity can surpass the daily electrical energy consumption of airport. This paves way for RBIA to become second airport in the world to be energy self sufficient through solar power.
Performance investigation of vapour recompressed batch distillation for separating ternary wide boiling constituents
Authors: Gara Uday Bhaskar Babu , Nair Rohith R. , Raykar Amol
Published: March 2023

The vapour recompression scheme (VRC) has been very effective in continuous distillation for energy intensification. The applicability of this scheme for the separation of multicomponent wide boiling con- stituents in batch distillation is a major challenge, because of the unsteady nature of the batch. In this study, the vapour recompression scheme has been implemented for the separation of multicomponent wide boiling constituents in the batch distillation. For the optimal usage of energy from compressed vapours manipulation of top tray vapour or external energy is done. A comparative study of the vapour recompressed batch distillation having a variable speed single compressor (SVRBD) and double stage compressor (DVRBD) with conventional batch distillation in terms of energy savings and total annual- ized cost is done. The VRC schemes achieve an energy savings of 50% and 10.03% total annualized cost (TAC) for SVRBD and DVRBD achieve 52% energy savings and 12.21% TAC with a payback period of 10 years.
Reverse micellar partitioning of Bovine Serum Albumin with novel system
Authors: Pawar Swapnali , Belur Prasanna , Iyyaswami Regupathi
Published: March 2023

To overcome the difficulties associated with the conventional extraction process like poor selective extrac- tion of biomolecule and scale up of the process, the reverse micellar system consist of AOT/n-heptanol was considered to extract Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a model biomolecule. The maximum forward extraction of BSA from aqueous phase to micelle phase was observed at AOT concentration 160 mM, aque- ous phase pH value of 4, NaCl concentration 0.8 M and 95% back extraction of BSA from micelle phase to stripping phase was obtained at 1 M NaCl concentration with the pH of 7.5. HPLC analysis confirmed the stability of BSA during extraction. The size and water content of the reverse micelle was also reported. The obtained results emphasize the application of the AOT/n-heptanol reverse micellar system for the extraction of BSA and may be utilized for the selective extraction of similar hydrophilic proteins from the complex sources.
Modeling and performance simulation of 100 MW LFR based solar thermal power plant in Udaipur India
Authors: Sudhakar K. , Bishoyi Deepak
Published: March 2023

Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy on the earth and considered as an important alternativeto fossil fuels. Solar energy can be converted into electric energy by using two different processes:photovoltaic conversion and the thermodynamic cycles. Lifetime and efficiency of PV power plant is lesseras compared to the CSP technology. CSP technology is viewed as one of the most promising alternativetechnology in the field of solar energy utilization. A 100 MW Linear Fresnel Reflector solar thermal powerplant design with 6 hours of thermal energy storage has been evaluated for thermal performance usingNREL SAM. A location receiving an annual DNI of 2248.17 kWh/m 2 /year in Rajasthan is chosen for thetechnical feasibility of hypothetical CSP plant. The plant design consists of 16 numbers of solar collectormodules in a loop. HITEC solar salt is chosen as an HTF due to its excellent thermodynamic properties.The designed plant can generate annual electricity of 263,973,360 kWh with the plant efficiency of 18.3%. The capacity utilization of the proposed LFR plant is found to be 30.2%. The LFR solar thermal powerplant performance results encourage further innovation and development of CSP plants in India.
Characterization and optimization of bacterium isolated from soil samples for the production of siderophores
Authors: Kumar Venkat Shanmugam , Gopalakrishnan Divya , Agarwal Happy , Menon Soumya
Published: March 2023

Siderophores are small molecules that can easily bind to ferric iron. As a chelating agent, they transportiron molecules inside the bacterial cell for various biochemical reactions. Due to its various applicationsin medicinal, industrial and environmental related aspects, this paper deals with characterizationand optimization of few siderophores producing bacteria from the soil samples, collected from Chikkamagalurudistrict, Karnataka. The siderophores production was assayed qualitatively and quantitativelythrough Chrome Azurol S and the results showed positive for the strains VIT VK5 and VIT VK6 that grownin succinate medium. Further characterization and optimization results revealed that both the bacteriumhas the ability to yield siderophores ( ∼60–80% units) in the optimum condition of pH 8, at 37 °C withglucose and sucrose as a carbon source and NaNO3 as a nitrogen source. Thus, the study concludes thatstrains VITVK5 and VITVK6 can be promising candidates for the siderophores production which can playmajor applications in medicinal and industrial aspects.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lippia nodiflora aerial extract and evaluation of their antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects
Authors: Srinivasan Pappu , Sudha Arumugam , Jeyaraman Jeyakanthan
Published: March 2023

Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis has received increasing attention in the field of nanotechnology due totheir antimicrobial and biomedical applications. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is anticipated asa cost effective and eco-friendly alternative in the current research scenario. With this aim, the aqueousextracts made from the aerial parts of Lippia nodiflora were used as the reducing agents to synthesizesilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties have also beenevaluated. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV–Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier-TransformInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The AgNPs were found to be stable at−25.2 mV through zeta potential study. The morphology and size of synthesized silver nanoparticles wereconfirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope with energy dispersive spectra (SEM-EDX) and TransmissionElectron Microscopy (TEM) analysis with size range from 30 to 60 nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs exhibitedstrong antioxidant activity as well as showed potent antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria.The cytotoxicity study of AgNPs was also revealed against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines in a dosedependentmanner. The recognized bioactivity confirmed by the synthesized AgNPs directs towards theclinical use as an antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic agent.
Wind characteristics observation using Doppler-SODAR for wind energy applications
Authors: Chaurasiya Pram K. , Siraj Ahmed , Warudkar Vilas
Published: March 2023

This paper presents an application of Doppler SODAR (Sound Detection and Ranging) system for the as- sessment of wind characteristics at an onshore site in Tamil Nadu, India. The wind speed is statistically analyzed by means of Weibull distribution function and results were used to compute several charac- teristics parameters related to wind energy applications and no significant discrepancies were observed. The characteristics of wind shear coefficient were evaluated for different altitudes. The vertical profile of wind speed measured from SODAR system was compared with existing models. Furthermore, the tur- bulence characteristics were analyzed and compared along with the turbulence intensity. From the eco- nomic point of view the SODAR system was found to be cost-effective at higher heights. The results of this study are expected to provide useful information for the deployment of remote sensing instruments for wind energy development in India.
Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using plant leaf extract against urinary tract infection pathogen
Authors: Rajeshkumar S. , Santhoshkumar J. , Shamugam Venkat Kumar
Published: March 2023

In modern science, Nanotechnology is an ablaze field for the researchers. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are known to be one of the most multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles with its application in treatment of urinary tract infection. Nanoparticles were synthesized using Passiflora caerulea fresh leaf extract and were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive analysis of x-ray (EDAX), Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Therefore, the study reveals an efficient, eco-friendly and simple method for the green synthesis of multifunctional ZnO NPs using P. caerulea . Urinary tract infection causing microbes were isolated from the disease affected patient urine sample. The synthesized nanoparticles have been tested against the pathogenic culture showed a very good zone of inhibition compared with plant extract. It indicates the biomedical capability of ZnO NPs.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF DOUBLE-SIDED SOLAR MODULES EFFICIENCY IN THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Yurchenko A.V. , Yugay V.V. , Neshina E.G.
Published: March 2023

The article presents studies of double-sided solar modules in Kazakhstan. To conduct an experimental research of double-sided solar modules efficiency in the climatic conditions of Central Kazakhstan we have created an experimental solar power plant (SPP) located on the territory of Karaganda State Technical University. The solar power plant consists of four photovoltaic modules of KZ PV 270 M72 type and four photovoltaic modules of FSM-185D type. The rotary system was not used; solar panels are southward (directed to the south). The comparison was made with the solar power plant without orientation system which uses four photovoltaic modules of KZ PV 270 M72 type produced by Astana Solar LLP.

The statistical analysis of information with an assessment of parameters of distribution and criteria for processing of results of scientific experiment is carried out. The correlation and regression analysis is performed. The least square method (coefficient calculation) is used in data processing. We have developed the computational model simulating the SPP by means of which the theoretical averaged values of energy amount generated in kWh/day have been obtained, and the actual values have been received by in-use measurements of SPP parameters within a year. The results of this work showed that the use of double-sided solar modules in Kazakhstan is very promising and can be a decisive factor for their widespread use with the tendency to lower prices.
LIGA method of forming high-contrast collimators and anti-scatter grids with high aspect ratio
Authors: Goldenberg B.G. , Lemzyakov A.G. , Nazmov V.P. , Palchikov E.I.
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматриваются вопросы создания и применения высококонтрастных антискаттерных рентгеновских сеток для рентгеновской визуализации в диапазоне 20-200 КЭВ из Микрофокусных рентгеновских трубок. Структура решетки никеля высоко-аспект-коэффициента прототипа использована для того чтобы рассматривать удар решетки анти -- разброса на дирекционных картинах трубки рентгеновского снимка ИМА-2-150Д. Показано подавление рассеянного излучения и сужение схемы направленного излучения. Контраст прототипа никеля, по-видимому, недостаточен. В статье представлены методы LIGA для изготовления антискаттерных рентгеновских сеток из золота в Сибирском центре Синхротронного и Терагерцового излучения. Описан метод формирования резистивных сетчатых структур с использованием глубинной рентгеновской литографии и показаны тестовые структуры. В настоящее время идет Разработка технологии изготовления рентгеновских сеток против рассеяния.
Quantum and classical effects at scattering of high energy charged particles in thin crystals
Authors: Shul'ga N.F. , Shulga S.N.
Published: March 2023

The present work reviews the results concerning quantum scattering theory of ultrarelativistic electrons in ultrathin crystals and its comparison with analogous classical results. It deals with an intermediate range of thicknesses, large enough for that the particle motion could not be considered as rectilinear but small enough for that the channeling regime of motion was not established. The quantum theory is based both upon the representation of the scattering amplitude as an integral over the surface surrounding the target, and on the so-called operator method of determination of the wave function as a solution of a Schrödinger-like equation. The latter method implies a wide use of the Fourier technique, both in calculation of each next step in the wave packet evolution, and in moving from the spatial coordinates to the angular ones. The authors compare the quantum differential scattering cross-sections with the classical ones in the considered range of crystal thicknesses and show their resemblances, distinctions and the evolution of these distinctions with the change of the particle energy. The simplest variant of quantum scattering theory based upon the eikonal approximation of quantum mechanics is considered. In the paper the quantum differential scattering cross-section was calculated and its affinity with the classical one was demonstrated. In the preparation of these lecture notes the material of the paper [4] was used.
Practical Evaluation of Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Module Efficiency under Karaganda Conditions
Authors: Dinh V. T. , Меkhtiyev А.D. , Alkina A. D.
Published: March 2023

В настоящее время в Казахстане введено семь крупных проектов, направленных на развитие солнечных электростанций общей мощностью 300 МВт, что способствует использованию нетрадиционных возобновляемых источников энергии и разрабатывает технологии для продвижения солнечной энергии. В докладе представлены исследования, посвященные проектированию и строительству солнечной электростанции мощностью 60 МВт в городе Саран. В Карагандинском государственном техническом университете построена экспериментальная солнечная электростанция для изучения технических параметров фотоэлектрических модулей в эксплуатационных условиях и их адаптации к климатическим условиям Караганды, расположенным в Центральном Казахстане. Был проведен статистический анализ данных, и были оценены параметры распределения с критериями для обработки экспериментальных результатов. Выяснилось, что система мониторинга и изменение значений азимутального и зенитного углов солнечных модулей будут эффективными для Караганды. Результаты наблюдений показали, что количество электроэнергии, произведенной в 2014 году, превысило количество, вырабатываемое в 2015 году, в пределах 10% в зависимости от месяца года. Повышение температуры на 1ºC от 25ºC снижает мощность солнечной панели примерно на 0,51%.