bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hudesheng mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the Oulongbuluke Block, Qinghai Province, NW China: chronology, geochemistry, isotopic systematics and tectonic implications
Authors: Li Haoran , Sun Fengyue , Li Liang , Yan Jiaming
Published: December 2018

The Hudesheng mafic–ultramafic intrusions are located in the Oulongbuluke Block, north of the Qaidam Block in Qinghai Province, NW China. We carried out a detailed study of the intrusions, including field observations, petrology, zircon U–Pb geochronology, Lu–Hf isotopes, bulk-rock major- and trace-element geochemistry, and mineral compositions, to provide a better understanding of their properties and the regional tectonic evolution. Zircon U–Pb dating on gabbro and pyroxenite samples yielded ages of 465 and 455 Ma, respectively. Geochemical data, in conjunction with the field observations and petrological features, suggest that the complex is Alaskan-type and the magma was derived from a depleted mantle source that was hydrous picritic basalt in composition and influenced by crustal contamination and slab-derived fluid metasomatism. Based on all the chronological, petrological, mineralogical and geochemical and regional geological data, we conclude that the palaeo-ocean closed diachronously from west to east between the Qaidam and Oulongbuluke blocks, and that the ocean in the east of the North Qaidam region closed after ∼455 Ma.
A closer look at the morphological and molecular diversity of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala) in Middle American cichlids (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae), with the description of a new species from Costa Rica
Authors: Pinacho-Pinacho C.D. , Sereno-Uribe A.L. , García-Varela M. , Pérez-Ponce de León G.
Published: December 2018

Neoechinorhynchus is one of the most speciose genera of acanthocephalans, with approximately 116 described species. A recent study, aimed at establishing the genetic diversity of Neoechinorhynchus in Middle American freshwater fishes, validated nine species molecularly and morphologically and revealed the existence of 10 putative candidate species. Neoechinorhynchus golvani, a parasite commonly found in cichlids throughout Middle America with an allegedly large intraspecific morphological variability, was found to represent a species complex; species delimitation methods uncovered three additional genetic lineages. Here, we re-analyse the morphological and molecular data for N. golvani species complex infecting cichlids in that geographical area. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted particularly for the length of apical, middle and posterior hooks of the species/lineages of Neoechinorhynchus in cichlids, revealing morphological variation in the length of apical hooks for Lineage 8, although no morphological distinction was observed for Lineages 9 and 10. A new concatenated phylogenetic analysis of one mitochondrial and two ribosomal DNA genes was used to further corroborate the species delimitation among lineages; Neoechinorhynchus Lineage 8 was found to be morphologically and genetically distinct from its sister taxa, N. golvani and other two undescribed genetic lineages, and is formally described as a new species. Neoechinorhynchus costarricense n. sp. is described from the intestines of eight species of cichlids in Costa Rica. The new species is distinguished from the other species/lineages of Neoechinorhynchus in cichlids mainly by the size of the apical hooks of the proboscis.
Delayed-onset facial nerve paresis following cochlear implantation: case report and literature review
Authors: Lawrence R , Jeffs E , Hartley DEH
Published: December 2018

Objective

Facial nerve paresis is rare following cochlear implantation. Mechanisms underlying delayed-onset facial paresis are poorly understood. This paper describes the case of a patient who developed facial nerve paresis three years after implantation. A literature review was performed with the aim of identifying any similar cases.

Methods

The patient case is reported, and the literature reviewed using PubMed, Embase and Ovid databases.

Results

The literature review revealed that the vast majority of delayed-onset facial nerve paresis cases occur within the first month of implantation. Only two other cases occurring years after device implantation were identified. Although potential causative factors have been suggested, as in our case this phenomenon may be idiopathic.

Conclusion

Prognosis for recovery of late-onset facial nerve paresis seems promising, despite the unfortunate requirement for device explantation in all previous cases including our own.
Surgical treatment of chronic ear disease in remote or resource-constrained environments
Authors: Smith M C F , Huins C , Bhutta M
Published: December 2018

Background

Surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media performed in low- and middle-income countries creates specific challenges. This paper describes the equipment and a variety of techniques that we find best suited to these conditions. These have been used over many years in remote areas of Nepal.

Results and conclusion

Extensive chronic suppurative otitis media is frequently encountered, with limited pre-operative investigation or treatment possible. Techniques learnt in better-resourced settings with good follow up need to be modified. The paper describes surgical methods suitable for resource-poor conditions, with rationales. These include methods of tympanoplasty for subtotal wet perforations, hearing reconstruction in wet ears and open cavities, large aural polyps, and canal wall down mastoidectomy with cavity obliteration. Various types of autologous ossiculoplasty are described in detail for use in the absence of prostheses. The following topics are discussed: decision-making for surgery on wet or best hearing ears, children, bilateral surgery, working with local anaesthesia, and obtaining adequate consent in this environment.
Even worms matter: cave habitat restoration for a planarian species increased environmental suitability but not abundance
Authors: Manenti Raoul , Barzaghi Benedetta , Tonni Gianbattista , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Melotto Andrea
Published: December 2018

Invertebrates living in underground environments often have unusual and sometimes unique adaptations and occupy narrow ranges, but there is a lack of knowledge about most micro-endemic cave-dwelling invertebrate species. An illustrative case is that of the flatwormDendrocoelum italicum, the first survey of which was performed 79 years after its description. The survey revealed that the underground stream supplying water to the pool from which the species was first described had been diverted into a pipe for human use, thus severely reducing the available habitat for the species. Here we describe the results of what we believe is the first habitat restoration action performed in a cave habitat for the conservation of a flatworm. The water-diverting structure was removed, with the involvement of local protected area administrators, citizens and volunteers from local organizations. The intervention resulted in the restoration of a large, stable pool inside the cave, thus creating an optimal habitat for this threatened planarian, with increased availability of prey and a stable population. This report of habitat restoration for a neglected invertebrate offers insights for the protection of other micro-endemic species.
A critical analysis of recent data on the long-term outcome of antipsychotic treatment
Authors: Moncrieff Joanna , Steingard Sandra
Published: December 2018

New studies of long-term outcomes claim to show that taking antipsychotics on a continuous and indefinite basis is the best approach for people diagnosed with a first episode of psychosis or schizophrenia. A 10-year follow-up of a trial of quetiapine maintenance, for example, found a higher proportion of people with a poor composite outcome in the group initially randomised to placebo. However, most people classified as showing poor outcome were rated as having a mild score on a single psychotic symptom; there were no differences in overall symptoms, positive or negative symptoms or level of functioning. Moreover, 16% of participants did not have a follow-up interview and data from the end of the original trial were used instead. A study using a Finnish database suggested that mortality and readmission were higher in people who did not start long-term antipsychotic treatment or who discontinued it as compared with long-term continuous users. However, the analysis did not control for important confounders and is likely to reflect the fact that people who do not comply with treatment are at higher risk of death due to underlying health risks and behaviours. The analysis showed a slightly higher risk of readmission among non-users of antipsychotics compared with long-term users and a more substantial increased risk among people who discontinued treatment. However, follow-up ceased at the first readmission and therefore eventual, long-term outcome was not assessed. Speed of reduction and whether it was done with or without clinical support were also not distinguished.
Biodiversity and enzymes bioprospection of Antarctic filamentous fungi
Authors: Martorell M.M. , Ruberto L.A.M. , Fernández P.M. , De Figueroa L.I.C. , Mac Cormack W.P.
Published: December 2018

Antarctica is one of the most suitable locations for the bioprospecting of psychrotrophic fungi, which play a key role in the nutrient cycle and organic material mineralization in cold environments. These actions mainly take place via the production of several cold-active extracellular enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of filamentous fungi from King George Island (25 De Mayo Island), Antarctica and their ability to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes at low temperatures. A total of 51 fungal isolates were obtained from 31 samples. Twelve genera were identified, with seven among the Ascomycota (Cadophora, Helotiales, Monographella, Oidodendron, Penicillium, Phialocephala, Phialophora, Phoma and Pseudogymnoascus), one Basidiomycota (Irpex) and two Mucoromycota (Mortierella and Mucor). Monographella lycopodina and Mucor zonatus, not previously reported in Antarctica, were identified. Nine isolates could not be identified to genus level and may represent novel species. Most of the studied fungi were psychrotrophic (76.5%). Nevertheless, only five isolates were able to grow at 35°C, 15°C being the optimal growth temperature for 65% of the fungal isolates. Results from enzyme production at low temperature revealed that the Antarctic environment contains metabolically diverse fungi, which represent potential tools for biotechnological applications in cold regions.
Effect of salinity on seed germination of five mangroves from Sri Lanka: use of hydrotime modelling for mangrove germination
Authors: Wijayasinghe Malaka M. , Gehan Jayasuriya K.M.G. , Gunatilleke C.V.S. , Gunatilleke I.A.U.N. , Walck Jeffrey L.
Published: December 2018

Mangroves are highly adapted to extreme environmental conditions that occur at the interface of salt and fresh water. Adaptations to the saline environment during germination are a key to mangrove survival, and thereby, its distribution. The main objective of this research was to study the effect of salinity on seed germination of selected mangrove species and the application of a hydrotime model to explain the relationship between water potential of the medium and rate of seed germination. Germination of seeds was examined at 15, 25 and 35°C in light/dark over a NaCl gradient. Germination time courses were prepared, and germination data were used to investigate whether these species behave according to the principles of the hydrotime model. The model was fitted for the germination of Acanthus ilicifolius seeds at 25°C. Final germination percentage was significantly influenced by species, osmotic potential and their interaction at 25°C. Moreover, temperature had a clear effect on seed germination (Sonneratia caseolaris and Pemphis acidula) which interacted with osmotic potential. Only A. ilicifolius seeds behaved according to the hydrotime principles and thus its threshold water potential was –1.8 MPa. Optimum germination rates for seeds of the other species occurred at osmotic potentials other than 0 MPa. The descending order of salinity tolerance of the tested species was Aegiceras corniculatum > Sonneratia caseolaris > Acanthus ilicifolius > Pemphis acidula > Allophylus cobbe, suggesting that the viviparous species (A. corniculatum) is highly salt tolerant compared with the non-viviparous species. The results revealed that seeds of the study species exhibited facultative halophytic behaviour in which they can germinate over a broad range of saline environments. Use of a hydrotime model for mangroves was limited as germination of their seeds did not meet model criteria.
Arabic community question answering
Authors: NAKOV PRESLAV , MÀRQUEZ LLUÍS , MOSCHITTI ALESSANDRO , MUBARAK HAMDY
Published: December 2018

We analyze resources and models for Arabic community Question Answering (cQA). In particular, we focus on CQA-MD, our cQA corpus for Arabic in the domain of medical forums. We describe the corpus and the main challenges it poses due to its mix of informal and formal language, and of different Arabic dialects, as well as due to its medical nature. We further present a shared task on cQA at SemEval, the International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, based on this corpus. We discuss the features and the machine learning approaches used by the teams who participated in the task, with focus on the models that exploit syntactic information using convolutional tree kernels and neural word embeddings. We further analyze and extend the outcome of the SemEval challenge by training a meta-classifier combining the output of several systems. This allows us to compare different features and different learning algorithms in an indirect way. Finally, we analyze the most frequent errors common to all approaches, categorizing them into prototypical cases, and zooming into the way syntactic information in tree kernel approaches can help solve some of the most difficult cases. We believe that our analysis and the lessons learned from the process of corpus creation as well as from the shared task analysis will be helpful for future research on Arabic cQA.
Law and Word Order: NLP in Legal Tech
Authors: DALE ROBERT
Published: December 2018

The law has language at its heart, so it’s not surprising that software that operates on natural language has played a role in some areas of the legal profession for a long time. But the last few years have seen an increased interest in applying modern techniques to a wider range of problems, so I look here at how natural language processing is being used in the legal sector today.
LARGE-SCALE SUBLINEARLY LIPSCHITZ GEOMETRY OF HYPERBOLIC SPACES
Authors: Pallier Gabriel
Published: December 2018

Large-scale sublinearly Lipschitz maps have been introduced by Yves Cornulier in order to precisely state his theorems about asymptotic cones of Lie groups. In particular, Sublinearly bi-Lipschitz Equivalences (SBE) are a weak variant of quasi-isometries, with the only requirement of still inducing bi-Lipschitz maps at the level of asymptotic cones. We focus here on hyperbolic metric spaces and study properties of boundary extensions of SBEs, reminiscent of quasi-Möbius (or quasisymmetric) mappings. We give a dimensional invariant of the boundary that allows to distinguish hyperbolic symmetric spaces up to SBE, answering a question of Druţu.
AMERICAN DIVIDE: THE MAKING OF “CONTINENTAL” PHILOSOPHY
Authors: STRASSFELD JONATHAN
Published: December 2018

The story of Western philosophy in the late twentieth century is, first and foremost, a tale of the discipline's division into two distinct discourses—analytic and Continental philosophy. This article argues that institutional dynamics of American higher education played a decisive role in the creation of this divide. Through quantitative analysis of the hiring and promotion of philosophers, it demonstrates how hierarchies and informal academic networks established boundaries for mainstream American philosophy that excluded modern European thought. Following the end of World War II, as American universities expanded, philosophy departments nearly tripled in size. However, the discipline was dominated by a Brahmin caste of elite departments that hired its own graduates almost exclusively. In this environment, the invidious distinction between the “elite” analytic departments and heterodox departments at the discipline's periphery was mapped onto the styles of philosophy practiced at those schools, and shaped America's reception of “Continental” European philosophy.
Variable Inheritance of AmplifiedEPSPSGene Copies in Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Authors: Giacomini Darci A. , Westra Philip , Ward Sarah M.
Published: December 2018

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Watson) is considered one of the most troublesome weeds in the southern and central United States, but results of previous research to determine the mode of inheritance of this trait have been conflicting and inconclusive. In this study, we examined segregation patterns ofEPSPSgene-copy numbers in F1and F2generations ofA. palmeriand found no evidence of a Mendelian single-gene pattern of inheritance. Transgressive segregation for copy number was exhibited by several F1and all of the F2families, most likely the product ofEPSPScopy-number variation within each plant. This variation was confirmed by assaying gene-copy number across clonal generations and among individual shoots on the same plant, demonstrating thatEPSPSamplification levels vary significantly within a single plant. Increases and decreases in copy number occurred in a controlled, stress-free environment in the absence of glyphosate, indicating thatEPSPSgene amplification is a random and variable process within the plant. The ability ofA. palmerito gain or loseEPSPSgene copies is a valuable adaptive trait, allowing this species to respond rapidly to selection pressures and changing environments.
Lessons Learned from Kīlauea Eruption’s Media Frenzy
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: December 2018

The Kīlauea eruption earlier this year unleashed a media bonanza. Here are nine tips about how to debunk geohazard misinformation in real time from a scientist frequently tapped for expert comments.
Magmatic Response to Subduction Initiation: Part 1. Fore‐arc Basalts of the Izu‐Bonin Arc From IODP Expedition 352
Authors: Shervais John W. , Reagan Mark , Haugen Emily , Almeev Renat R. , Pearce Julian A. , Prytulak Julie , Ryan Jeffrey G. , Whattam Scott A. , Godard Marguerite , Chapman Timothy , Li Hongyan , Kurz Walter , Nelson Wendy R. , Heaton Daniel , Kirchenbaur Maria , Shimizu Kenji , Sakuyama Tetsuya , Li Yibing , Vetter Scott K.
Published: December 2018

The Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana (IBM) fore arc preserves igneous rock assemblages that formed during subduction initiation circa 52 Ma. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 352 cored four sites in the fore arc near the Ogasawara Plateau in order to document the magmatic response to subduction initiation and the physical, petrologic, and chemical stratigraphy of a nascent subduction zone. Two of these sites (U1440 and U1441) are underlain by fore‐arc basalt (FAB). FABs have mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB)‐like compositions, however, FAB are consistently lower in the high‐field strength elements (TiO2, P2O5, Zr) and Ni compared to MORB, with Na2O at the low end of the MORB field and FeO* at the high end. Almost all FABs are light rare earth element depleted, with low total REE, and have low ratios of highly incompatible to less incompatible elements (Ti/V, Zr/Y, Ce/Yb, and Zr/Sm) relative to MORB. Chemostratigraphic trends in Hole U1440B are consistent with the uppermost lavas forming off axis, whereas the lower lavas formed beneath a spreading center axis. Axial magma of U1440B becomes more fractionated upsection; overlying off‐axis magmas return to more primitive compositions. Melt models require a two‐stage process, with early garnet field melts extracted prior to later spinel field melts, with up to 23% melting to form the most depleted compositions. Mantle equilibration temperatures are higher than normal MORB (1,400 °C–1,480 °C) at relatively low pressures (1–2 GPa), which may reflect an influence of the Manus plume during subduction initiation. Our data support previous models of FAB origin by decompression melting but imply a source more depleted than normal MORB source mantle.
Surface Roughness and Gravitational Slope Distributions of Vesta and Ceres
Authors: Ermakov Anton I. , Kreslavsky Mikhail A. , Scully Jennifer E. C. , Hughson Kynan H. G. , Park Ryan S.
Published: December 2018

Heavily cratered terrains dominate the surfaces of asteroid 4 Vesta and dwarf planet 1 Ceres. The data from the Dawn spacecraft allowed reconstruction of high‐resolution shape models of these bodies. We used the stereophotoclinometric shape models to compute gravitational slopes and topographic roughness of Vesta and Ceres. We compute the slope distributions of Vesta and Ceres and compare them to those of the other bodies with heavily cratered terrains. The distribution of slopes of Vesta and Ceres has a kink at ≈34°. The slope distribution is steeper for slopes higher than ≈34°. The Moon and Mars have a similar kink but at a lower (shallower) slope (≈29°–30°). We hypothesize that this kink corresponds to the angle of repose, which is higher on the two minor bodies compared to that of Mars and the Moon. We have also analyzed the topographic roughness of Vesta and Ceres. Vesta's topography is characterized by lower roughness in the southern hemisphere that was resurfaced by giant impacts. The roughness of Ceres is mostly controlled by regional‐scale geology with no significant large‐scale variations. Large, fresh craters have smooth ejecta blankets on both Vesta and Ceres unlike previously observed rough ejecta on the Moon, Mars, and Mercury. On Ceres, the smooth ejecta craters also have smooth floors explained by impact slurry. Lineaments of elevated roughness are abundant on Ceres, whereas are nearly absent on Vesta. The roughness maps we produced provide a synoptic view of the surface texture and could be used to aid geologic mapping.
Using Stable Carbon Isotopes of Seasonal Ecosystem Respiration to Determine Permafrost Carbon Loss
Authors: Mauritz M. , Celis G. , Ebert C. , Hutchings J. , Ledman J. , Natali S. M. , Pegoraro E. , Salmon V. G. , Schädel C. , Taylor M. , Schuur E. A. G.
Published: December 2018

High latitude warming and permafrost thaw will expose vast stores of deep soil organic carbon (SOC) to decomposition. Thaw also changes water movement causing either wetter or drier soil. The fate of deep SOC under different thaw and moisture conditions is unclear. We measured weekly growing‐season δ13C of ecosystem respiration (Recoδ13C) across thaw and moisture conditions (Shallow‐Dry; Deep‐Dry; Deep‐Wet) in a soil warming manipulation. Deep SOC loss was inferred from known δ13C signatures of plant shoot, root, surface soil, and deep soil respiration. In addition, a 2‐year‐old vegetation removal treatment (No Veg) was used to isolate surface and deep SOC decomposition contributions to Reco. In No Veg, seasonal Recoδ13C indicated that deep SOC loss increased as the soil column thawed, while in vegetated areas, root contributions appeared to dominate Reco. The Recoδ13C differences between Shallow‐Dry and Deep‐Dry were significant but surprisingly small. This most likely suggests that, under dry conditions, soil warming stimulates root and surface SOC respiration with a negative 13C signature that opposes the more positive 13C signal from increased deep SOC respiration. In Deep‐Wet conditions, Recoδ13C suggests reduced deep SOC loss but could also reflect altered diffusion or methane (CH4) dynamics. Together, these results demonstrate that frequent Recoδ13C measurements can detect deep SOC loss and that plants confound the signal. In future studies, soil profile δ13C measurements, vegetation removal across thaw gradients, and isotopic effects of CH4 dynamics could further deconvolute deep SOC loss via surface Reco.
GeVn complexes for silicon-based room-temperature single-atom nanoelectronics
Authors: Achilli Simona , Manini Nicola , Onida Giovanni , Shinada Takahiro , Tanii Takashi , Prati Enrico
Published: December 2018

We propose germanium-vacancy complexes (GeVn) as a viable ingredient to exploit single-atom quantum effects in silicon devices at room temperature. Our predictions, motivated by the high controllability of the location of the defect via accurate single-atom implantation techniques, are based on ab-initio Density Functional Theory calculations within a parameterfree screened-dependent hybrid functional scheme, suitable to provide reliable bandstructure energies and defect-state wavefunctions. The resulting defect-related excited states, at variance with those arising from conventional dopants such as phosphorous, turn out to be deep enough to ensure device operation up to room temperature and exhibit a far more localized wavefunction.
Propolis-based niosomes as oromuco-adhesive films: A randomized clinical trial of a therapeutic drug delivery platform for the treatment of oral recurrent aphthous ulcers
Authors: Arafa Mona G. , Ghalwash Dalia , El-Kersh Dina M. , Elmazar M. M.
Published: December 2018

Oromuco-adhesive films for buccal delivery of Propolis extract (PPE) entrapped in niosomes, were prepared to treat oral recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU). PPE was investigated for antimicrobial compounds. Niosomes composed of span60 and cholesterol were evaluated for particles size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta-potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. The formed oromuco-adhesive films containing niosomal PPE were evaluated for swelling, mucoadhesion and elasticity. 24 patients suffering from RAU were divided equally into medicated and placebo groups and participated in this study to examine the onset of ulcer size reduction, complete healing and pain relief. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry revealed the presence of pinocembrin, pinobanksin, chrysin and galangin as antimicrobial flavonoids with total content of 158.7 ± 0.15 µg quercetin equivalents and phenolic content of 180.8 ± 0.11 µg gallic acid equivalents/mg. Multilamellar niosomes of 176–333 nm displayed entrapment efficiency of 91 ± 0.48%, PDI of 0.676 and zeta potential of −4.99. In vitro release after 8 h from niosomal dispersion and films were 64.05% and 29.09 ± 0.13% respectively. Clinical results revealed duration of film adherence from 2–4 h in the two groups. The onset of ulcer size reduction in medicated group was attained within second and third day, complete healing was achieved within first 10 days of treatment and pain relief lasted for more than 4–5 h, in contrast to the placebo group. This oromuco-adhesive films which offer controlled and targeting drug delivery can be proposed as a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of oral recurrent aphthous ulcer.
Determination of three phenolic acids in Cimicifugae rhizoma by capillary electrophoresis with a graphene–phenolic resin composite electrode
Authors: Mao Hua , Zhang Yan , Chen Gang
Published: December 2018

A graphene–phenolic resin composite electrode was fabricated by in situ crosslinking for enhanced amperometric detection of capillary electrophoresis.
Targeting mitochondria with Au–Ag@Polydopamine nanoparticles for papillary thyroid cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Liu Jie , Feng Wenjie , Du Shulin , Ge Rui , Li Jing , Liu Yi , Sun Hongchen , Zhang Daqi , Zhang Hao , Yang Bai
Published: December 2018

A mitochondria-targeted and exocytosis inhibition strategy of polydopamine-coated inorganic nanoparticles for enhanced papillary thyroid cancer therapy is demonstrated.
Bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of β-carotene in emulsion-based delivery systems using scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) gonad protein isolates: effects of carrier oil
Authors: Han Jia-Run , Gu Lu-Ping , Zhang Ruo-Jie , Shang Wen-Hui , Yan Jia-Nan , McClements David Julian , Wu Hai-Tao , Zhu Bei-Wei , Xiao Hang
Published: December 2018

Emulsion-based delivery systems were structured using scallop gonad protein isolates as novel food-grade emulsifiers.
2D electric-double-layer phototransistor for photoelectronic and spatiotemporal hybrid neuromorphic integration
Authors: Jiang Jie , Hu Wennan , Xie Dingdong , Yang Junliang , He Jun , Gao Yongli , Wan Qing
Published: December 2018

A novel photo-electronic hybrid-integrated synaptic device based on a 2D MoS2 phototransistor gated by the electric-double-layer biopolymer electrolyte (sodium alginate) is proposed.
Ultrafast assembly of nanoparticles to form smart polymeric photonic crystal films: a new platform for quick detection of solution compositions
Authors: Shen Xiuqing , Wu Pan , Schäfer Christian G. , Guo Jia , Wang Changchun
Published: December 2018

Ultrafast, energy efficient and scalable preparation of polymeric photonic crystal films is reported for sensitive and quick detection of solutions with different solubility parameters.
A dipole–dipole interaction tuning the photoluminescence of silicon quantum dots in a water vapor environment
Authors: Yang Jinrong , Gao Yi
Published: December 2018

The dual band emission origins from the single Si–Si stretched bond of silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) induced by the dipole–dipole interaction between cyclic water trimer and Si QDs in excited state.
Blue, green, and red full-color ultralong afterglow in nitrogen-doped carbon dots
Authors: Lin Cunjian , Zhuang Yixi , Li Wuhui , Zhou Tian-Liang , Xie Rong-Jun
Published: December 2018

A facile synthetic route to realize RGB full-color ultralong afterglow and triple-mode emissions in carbon-dot-based anti-counterfeiting inks was developed herein.
Phenanthrenequinone enantiomers with cytotoxic activities from the tubers of Pleione bulbocodioides
Authors: Shao Si-Yuan , Wang Chao , Han Shao-Wei , Sun Mo-Han , Li Shuai
Published: December 2018

This is a rare report of eight new phenanthrenequinones possessing a 9(10)H-phenanthren-10(9)-one structure and their marked cytotoxic activities from natural sources.
Modulating stiffness with photo-switchable supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Tabet Anthony , Forster Rebecca A. , Parkins Christopher C. , Wu Guanglu , Scherman Oren A.
Published: December 2018

Supramolecular hyaluronic acid hydrogels formed via 2 : 1 homoternary complexes of coumarin and cucurbit[8]uril can reversibly toggle between physical and covalent states.
The impact of humic acid on metaldehyde adsorption onto powdered activated carbon in aqueous solution
Authors: Li Zhuojun , Yang Yuchen , Jáuregui-Haza Ulises , Guo Zhengxiao , Campos Luiza Cintra
Published: December 2018

Powdered activated carbon with abundant micropores and mesopores can effectively remove metaldehyde from aqueous solution in the presence of humic acid.
Photovoltaic and photocatalytic properties of bismuth oxyiodide–graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Mabuti Levannie A. , Manding Ian Kenneth S. , Mercado Candy C.
Published: December 2018

BiOI nanoflakes grown by air atmosphere chemical vapor deposition showed increased photocatalytic activity when deposited on a graphene coated substrate.
Gut microbiota as important modulator of metabolism in health and disease
Authors: Wang Xiang-qian , Zhang Ai-hua , Miao Jian-hua , Sun Hui , Yan Guang-li , Wu Fang-fang , Wang Xi-jun
Published: December 2018

The human gastrointestinal tract colonizes a large number of microbial microflora to participate in various metabolic processes in the human body, and plays a major role in the host immune response.
Structural design of polyurethane/poly(butylene succinate)/polycaprolactone compounds via a multilayer-assembled strategy: achieving tunable triple-shape memory performances
Authors: Zheng Yu , Ji Xiaoying , Wang Qingwen , Shen Jiabin , Guo Shaoyun
Published: December 2018

Novel strategy for structural design of multicomponent systems via layer-multiplying co-extrusion: achieving tunable triple-shape memory performances of polyurethane/poly(butylene succinate)/polycaprolactone compounds.
Enhancement of intramolecular charge transfer strength in diphenylamine substituted symmetric 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives
Authors: Chen Fangyi , Zhang Wanxi , Liu Zijian , Meng Lingyan , Bai Binglian , Wang Haitao , Li Min
Published: December 2018

Introduction of a central benzene ring could increase the charge transferred distance, and further contribute to the enhancement of the intramolecular charge transfer strength.
Improving the homogeneity of sugarcane bagasse kraft lignin through sequential solvents
Authors: Jia Zhuan , Li Mingfu , Wan Guangcong , Luo Bin , Guo Chenyan , Wang Shuangfei , Min Douyong
Published: December 2018

The heterogeneous features of lignin, especially the wide distribution of its molecular weight, limit its high value-added application.
Polymer ionic liquid network: a highly effective reusable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Li Xinjuan , Wang Shangyue , Wang Kai , Jia Xianbin , Hu Zhiguo
Published: December 2018

Significant efforts have been devoted to developing immobilized chiral catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability.
3D plum candy-like NiCoMnO4@graphene as anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Tao Jianming , Liu Guozhen , Chen Yuhan , Chi Yubin , Hong Lixun , Lin Zhiya , Lin Yingbin , Huang Zhigao
Published: December 2018

3D plum candy-like NiCoMnO4 microspheres have been prepared via ultrasonic spraying and subsequently wrapped by graphene through electrostatic self-assembly.
Single step route to highly transparent, conductive and hazy aluminium doped zinc oxide films
Authors: Li Jianwei , Sathasivam Sanjayan , Taylor Alaric , Carmalt Claire J. , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: December 2018

A single step chemical vapour deposition route to highly conductive, transparent and hazy Al doped ZnO.
Non-photochemical catalytic hydrolysis of methyl parathion using core–shell Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Talebzadeh Somayeh , Forato Florian , Bujoli Bruno , Trammell Scott A. , Grolleau Stéphane , Pal Hemant , Queffélec Clémence , Knight D. Andrew
Published: December 2018

Ag@TiO2 non-photochemical catalyzed degradation of organophosphosphates.
Characteristics of atomic layer deposited Gd2O3 on n-GaN with an AlN layer
Authors: Kim Hogyoung , Yun Hee Ju , Choi Byung Joon
Published: December 2018

The interfacial and electrical properties of atomic layer deposited Gd2O3 with an AlN layer on n-GaN were investigated.
Alder-ene reactions driven by high steric strain and bond angle distortion to form benzocyclobutenes
Authors: Gupta Saswata , Lin Yongjia , Xia Yuanzhi , Wink Donald J. , Lee Daesung
Published: December 2018

A unique aryne-based Alder-ene reaction to form benzocyclobutene is described.
Potassium-intercalated rubrene as a dual-functional passivation agent for high efficiency perovskite solar cells
Authors: Qin Pingli , Zhang Jiliang , Yang Guang , Yu Xueli , Li Gang
Published: December 2018

Defects and related trap sites are generated inevitably at grain boundaries (GBs) and on surfaces of solution-processed polycrystalline perovskite films.
Low boiling point solvent additives enable vacuum drying-free processed 230 nm thick PTB7-Th:PC71BM active layers with more than 10% power conversion efficiency
Authors: Chen Jinxiang , Pan Feilong , Cao Yong , Chen Junwu
Published: December 2018

Low boiling point solvent additives facilitating roll-to-roll compatible processing were applied for morphology control of PTB7-Th:PC71BM active layers.
Two-dimensional extended π-conjugated triphenylene-core covalent organic polymer
Authors: Ye Xiao-Liang , Huang Yu-Qian , Tang Xing-Yan , Xu Juan , Peng Chengxin , Tan Yuan-Zhi
Published: December 2018

A covalent organic polymer with embedded triphenylene units was synthesized by Glaser–Hay cross-coupling, showing outstanding performance for lithium storage.
A trifunctional Ni–N/P–O-codoped graphene electrocatalyst enables dual-model rechargeable Zn–CO2/Zn–O2 batteries
Authors: Yang Rui , Xie Jiafang , Liu Qin , Huang Yiyin , Lv Jiangquan , Ghausi Muhammad Arsalan , Wang Xueyuan , Peng Zhen , Wu Maoxiang , Wang Yaobing
Published: December 2018

Novel dual-model Zn–CO2/Zn–O2 batteries were proposed and realized with trifunctional NiPG catalysts and variable supply gases.
Surface modification by assembling: a modular approach based on the match in nanostructures
Authors: Mao Jifu , Rouabhia Mahmoud , Zhang Ze
Published: December 2018

A modular strategy is described to construct a multi-biofunctional and conductive membrane based on the assembling of a nanostructured substrate and functional nanoparticles.
Thin and porous polymer membrane-based electrochromic devices
Authors: Han Taeyeong , Dzakpasu Cyril Bubu , Kim Dohwan , Kim Seokwoo , Jeong Yong-Cheol , Ryou Myung-Hyun , Lee Yong Min
Published: December 2018

A newly fabricated electrochromic (EC) device with a thin and porous PVdF-HFP membrane enabled faster coloring and bleaching rates, and exhibited higher stability than its non-porous counterpart.
Search for stellar spots in field blue horizontal-branch stars
Authors: Paunzen E. , Bernhard K. , Hümmerich S. , Janík J. , Semenko E. A. , Yakunin I. A.
Published: December 2018

Context. Blue horizontal-branch stars are Population II objects which are burning helium in their core and possess a hydrogen-burning shell and radiative envelope. Because of their low rotational velocities, diffusion has been predicted to work in their atmospheres. In many respects, blue horizontal-branch stars closely resemble the magnetic chemically peculiar stars of the upper main sequence, which show photometric variability caused by abundance spots on their surfaces. These spots are thought to be caused by diffusion and the presence of a stable magnetic field. However, the latter does not seem to be axiomatic.

Aims. We searched for rotationally induced variability in 30 well-established bright field blue horizontal-branch stars in the solar neighbourhood and searched the literature for magnetic fields measurements of our targets.

Methods. We employed archival photometric time series data from the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS), All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN), and Wide Angle Search for Planets (SuperWASP) surveys. The data were carefully reduced and processed, and a time series analysis was applied using several different techniques. We also synthesized existing photometric and spectroscopic data of magnetic chemically peculiar stars in order to study possible different surface characteristics producing lower amplitudes.

Results. In the accuracy limit of the employed data, no significant variability signals were found in our sample stars. The resulting upper limits for variability are given.

Conclusions. We conclude that either no stellar surface spots are present in field blue horizontal-branch stars, or their characteristics (contrast, total area, and involved elements) are not sufficient to produce amplitudes larger than a few millimagnitudes in the optical wavelength region. New detailed models taking into account the elemental abundance pattern of blue horizontal-branch stars are needed to synthesize light curves for a comparison with our results.
Comprehensive stellar seismic analysis
Authors: Farnir M. , Dupret M.-A. , Salmon S. J. A. J. , Noels A. , Buldgen G.
Published: December 2018

Aims.We develop a method that provides a comprehensive analysis of the oscillation spectra of solar-like pulsators. We define new seismic indicators that should be as uncorrelated and as precise as possible and should hold detailed information about stellar interiors. This is essential to improve the quality of the results obtained from asteroseismology as it will provide better stellar models which in turn can be used to refine inferences made in exoplanetology and galactic archaeology.

Methods.The presented method – WhoSGlAd – relies on Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalisation process. A Euclidean vector sub-space of functions is defined and the oscillation frequencies are projected over an orthonormal basis in a specific order. This allowed us to obtain independent coefficients that we combined to define independent seismic indicators.

Results.The developed method has been shown to be stable and to converge efficiently for solar-like pulsators. Thus, detailed and precise inferences can be obtained on the mass, the age, the chemical composition and the undershooting in the interior of the studied stars. However, attention has to be paid when studying the helium glitch as there seems to be a degeneracy between the influence of the helium abundance and that of the heavy elements on the glitch amplitude. As an example, we analyse the 16CygA (HD 186408) oscillation spectrum to provide an illustration of the capabilities of the method.
Accurate stellar parameters and distance to two evolved eclipsing binary systems, OGLE-BLG-ECL-123903 and OGLE-BLG-ECL-296596, towards the Galactic bulge
Authors: Suchomska K. , Graczyk D. , Pietrzyński G. , Gieren W. , Ostrowski J. , Smolec R. , Tkachenko A. , Górski M. , Karczmarek P. , Wielgórski P. , Zgirski B. , Thompson I. B. , Villanova S. , Pilecki B. , Taormina M. , Kołaczkowski Z. , Narloch W. , Soszyński I.
Published: December 2018

Aims. Our aim is to obtain high-accuracy measurements of the physical and orbital parameters of two evolved eclipsing binary systems, and to use these measurements to study their evolutionary status. We also aim to derive the distances to the systems by using a surface brightness–colour relation and compare these distances with the measurements provided by Gaia.

Methods. We measured the physical and orbital parameters of both systems based on V-band and I-band photometry from OGLE, near-infrared photometry obtained with the NTT telescope and the instrument SOFI, as well as high-resolution spectra obtained at ESO 3.6m/HARPS and Clay 6.5/MIKE spectrographs. The light curves and radial-velocity curves were analysed with the Wilson–Devinney code.

Results. We analysed two double-lined eclipsing binary systems OGLE-BLG-ECL-123903 and OGLE-BLG-ECL-296596 from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) catalogue. Both systems have a configuration of two well-detached giants stars. The masses of the components of OGLE-BLG-ECL-123903 are M1 = 2.045 ± 0.027 and M2 = 2.074 ± 0.023 M⊙ and the radii are R1 = 9.540 ± 0.049 and R2 = 9.052 ± 0.060 R⊙. For OGLE-BLG-ECL-296596, the masses are M1 = 1.093 ± 0.015 and M2 = 1.125 ± 0.014 M⊙, while the radii are R1 = 18.06 ± 0.28 and R2 = 29.80 ± 0.33 R⊙. Evolutionary status was discussed based on the isochrones and evolutionary tracks from PARSEC and MESA codes. The ages of the systems were established to be around 1.3 Gyr for the OGLE-BLG-ECL-123903 and 7.7 Gyr for the OGLE-BLG-ECL-296596. We also determined the distance to both systems. For OGLE-BLG-ECL-123903 this is equal to d = 2.95 ± 0.06 (stat.) ±0.07 (syst.) kpc, while for the OGLE-BLG-ECL-296596 it is d = 5.68 ± 0.07 (stat.) ±0.14 (syst.) kpc. This is the first analysis of its kind for these unique evolved eclipsing binary systems.
Modeling and numerical study of H2/N2 jet flame in vitiated co-flow using Eulerian PDF transport approach
Authors: Larbi Ahmed Amine , Bounif Abdelhamid , Bouzit Mohamed
Published: December 2018

The multi-environment Eulerian approach (MEPDF) is the eulerian method to solve the PDF transport equations; it is considered a product of the delta function. Its advantages are the prediction of extinction and ignition of the flame, also the kinetic control of the species as CO and NOX. Even though the MEPDF approach has been improved in recent years, most improvements have been achieved with parametric study in order to investigate the impact of the model accuracy. The main objective of this work is to improve further the model accuracy, the prediction of the lift off height by a parametric study of the mixing constant and Schmidt number and to understand its impact in flame stabilization. The numerical investigation of H2/N2 jet flame in vitiated co-flow is presented using MEPDF approach. The study was applied with K-epsilon modified model of turbulence. The chosen mixture model is the IEM (Interaction by Exchange with the Mean). The number of environment in the multi-environment Eulerian approach MEPDF is (2.0). The model was solved in this work by the commercial CFD code, ANSYS fluent and the chemical reaction mechanism injected is GRI mech 2.1. The results are validated with experimental data and discussed.
Comprendre l’adolescent pour le soutenir dans son traitement orthodontique
Authors: Choukroun Marc-Gérald
Published: December 2018

Introduction : L’orthodontiste reçoit régulièrement des adolescents en consultation. Il doit les convaincre d’engager un traitement long, qui leur pose un problème d’image sociale, à un âge justement essentiel dans la construction de leur personnalité pour devenir adulte. L’auteur a isolé les trois dimensions qui procèdent à l’élaboration de cette identité psychique : l’identité sexuelle, l’identité corporelle et l’identité sociale. Matériels et méthodes : L’auteur s’est appuyé sur des recherches en psychologie sur l’adolescence et sur ses investigations cliniques. Conclusion : Ces trois identités sont suffisamment pertinentes pour permettre au praticien de répondre aux exigences de compassion et d’empathie dans son travail clinique. En effet, l’écoute du patient implique l’écoute de « quelque chose », sous peine de se révéler inefficace.
Abandons de traitement orthodontique : quels sont les facteurs predictifs precoces ?
Authors: Martin Celine , Gebeile-Chauty Sarah
Published: December 2018

Introduction : Les abandons de traitement orthodontique ont des consequences iatrogenes, psychologiques, ergonomiques et financieres. L’objectif de cette etude etait de rechercher des facteurs de risque precoces (avant la pose de l’appareil) d’abandon de traitement orthodontique. Matériels et méthodes : Nous avons realise une etude cas-temoins entre un groupe de patients ayant abandonne leur traitement orthodontique (« A ») et un groupe controle de patients selectionnes aleatoirement ayant termine leur traitement orthodontique (« NA »). Les deux groupes ont ete compares, avec analyses descriptive, uni et multivariee. Les facteurs de risque evalues etaient l’age, le genre, le niveau socio-economique, le type de traitement, la dysmorphose, la malocclusion, le besoin de traitement, l’assiduite. Résultats : Dans le groupe abandon, 55 patients ont ete inclus (« A ») et 100 dans le groupe non abandon (« NA ») selectionnes aleatoirement. Le sujet a risque d’abandon etait une fille de moins de 11 ans avec un faible niveau socio-economique presentant des dysmorphoses squelettiques antero-posterieures et verticales, une classe II molaire, un encombrement, un prejudice esthetique faible ou au contraire tres important, necessitant un traitement complexe (avec avulsions ou ortho-chirurgical) et ayant des retards ou rendez-vous manques avant la pose de l’appareil. Conclusion : La motivation des patients doit etre renforcee pour les deux extremes : les traitements qui paraissent simples, et inversement pour les cas complexes necessitant une forte cooperation.
Pioniere der OP-Instrumente
Authors: Wagenhäuser Karl-Heinz
Published: December 2018

Wer waren die „Erfinder“ der Instrumente, die täglich im OP angegeben werden? Im
vorletzten Teil unserer Serie stellen wir Ihnen die Pioniere der Medizin
vor.
Urea–Zinc Chloride Eutectic Mixture-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Imidazoles: Efficient and Ecofriendly Access to Trifenagrel
Authors: Ochoa-Puentes Cristian , Higuera Natalia , Peña-Solórzano Diana
Published: December 2018

The low-melting mixture urea–ZnCl2 was evaluated as a novel reaction medium for the synthesis of imidazoles. The reaction between a dicarbonyl compound, ammonium acetate, and an aromatic aldehyde is efficiently catalyzed by the eutectic solvent, yielding a wide variety of triaryl-1H-imidazoles or 2-aryl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles in good to excellent yields. In addition, the eutectic solvent was reused in five cycles without loss of its catalytic activity. This protocol was further explored for the synthesis of the drug trifenagrel, giving an excellent yield.