bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Water Management in Horticulture: Problems, Premises, and Promises
Authors: Ferreira Carla S. S. , Soares Pedro R. , Guilherme Rosa , Vitali Giuliano , Boulet Anne , Harrison Matthew Tom , Malamiri Hamid , Duarte António C. , Kalantari Zahra , Ferreira António J. D.
Published: September 2024

Water is crucial for enduring horticultural productivity, but high water-use requirements and declining water supplies with the changing climate challenge economic viability, environmental sustainability, and social justice. While the scholarly literature pertaining to water management in horticulture abounds, knowledge of practices and technologies that optimize water use is scarce. Here, we review the scientific literature relating to water requirements for horticulture crops, impacts on water resources, and opportunities for improving water- and transpiration-use efficiency. We find that water requirements of horticultural crops vary widely, depending on crop type, development stage, and agroecological region, but investigations hitherto have primarily been superficial. Expansion of the horticulture sector has depleted and polluted water resources via overextraction and agrochemical contamination, but the extent and significance of such issues are not well quantified. We contend that innovative management practices and irrigation technologies can improve tactical water management and mitigate environmental impacts. Nature-based solutions in horticulture—mulching, organic amendments, hydrogels, and the like—alleviate irrigation needs, but information relating to their effectiveness across production systems and agroecological regions is limited. Novel and recycled water sources (e.g., treated wastewater, desalination) would seem promising avenues for reducing dependence on natural water resources, but such sources have detrimental environmental and human health trade-offs if not well managed. Irrigation practices including partial root-zone drying and regulated deficit irrigation evoke remarkable improvements in water use efficiency, but require significant experience for efficient implementation. More advanced applications, including IoT and AI (e.g., sensors, big data, data analytics, digital twins), have demonstrable potential in supporting smart irrigation (focused on scheduling) and precision irrigation (improving spatial distribution). While adoption of technologies and practices that improve sustainability is increasing, their application within the horticultural industry as a whole remains in its infancy. Further research, development, and extension is called for to enable successful adaptation to climate change, sustainably intensify food security, and align with other Sustainable Development Goals.
Achievements of Banana (Musa sp.)-Based Intercropping Systems in Improving Crop Sustainability
Authors: Leonel Sarita , Leonel Magali , Jesus Paulo Ricardo Rodrigues de , Tecchio Marco Antonio , Silva Marcelo de Souza , Cândido Hebert Teixeira , Molha Nicholas Zanette , Ouros Lucas Felipe dos
Published: September 2024

Sustainable agricultural practices need to be continuously sought after so that a greater number of producers can adopt them, taking into account, above all, the food security scenario, land use efficiency, and climate change. Intercropping—a cultivation system in which two or more species are grown in close proximity in the same field—is one strategy to increase diversity in the agroecosystem. However, for intercropping systems to be adopted, their productive and economic advantages over monoculture must be clearly demonstrated. Banana (Musa sp.) growers are interested in crop diversification as a potential strategy to increase production yields and, consequently, economic income. The management of banana crops can be facilitated by intercropping, as this system plays an important role in increasing biodiversity and reducing the need for weed control in the crop rows, promoting better land use efficiency. However, this system should be evaluated alongside other indicators. Banana intercropping has significant potential and many benefits, but success depends on the interaction between the component species, appropriate management practices, and favorable environmental conditions. This review aims to provide an overview of recent studies on banana intercropping systems, focusing on the contextualization of land use, monoculture and intercropping, and evaluating intercropping indicators, as well as the benefits, risks, and disadvantages discussed in the literature, and the main outcomes of banana-based intercropping systems. The main findings relate to the possibility of using intercrops with aromatic species and the preliminary reports on the contributions of intercrops to the suppression of Fusarium wilt disease.
Hydro Geochemical Characteristics and Mineralization Process of Groundwater in the Phosphatic Basin of Gafsa, Southwestern Tunisia
Authors: Nasri Nada , Souissi Fouad , Ben Attia Takoua , Ismailia Amina , Smida Olfa , Tangour Dhouha , López Maldonado Eduardo Alberto , Souissi Radhia
Published: September 2024

The present study examines the water quality in the Quaternary Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer of the mining basin of Gafsa using a hydrochemical approach and multivariate statistical methods, to assess groundwater mineralization processes. Results from the analysis of groundwater quality collected during the winter (January 2020) and summer (June 2021) seasons reveal a pronounced stability in geochemical parameters, emphasizing a noteworthy consistency in water composition between the two seasons, with the dominance of the Na-Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl facies, in addition to the fact that all year round these concentrations are beyond their respective WHO limits. Despite the intensive extractive and transformation phosphate industry, the prolonged interaction of water with geological formations is the primary factor controlling their high mineralization. This results from the dissolution of carbonates (calcite, dolomite), gypsum, and halite. The results of the PCA represent two correlation classes. Class 1 comprises major elements sulfate, chloride, sodium, magnesium, and calcium strongly correlated with electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS). This correlation is indicative of the water mineralization process. Class 2 includes major elements nitrate and potassium weakly correlated with (TDS) and (EC) As regards heavy metals, their concentrations fall consistently below their respective potability standards established by the WHO across all water sampling points. Meanwhile, fluoride (F-) concentrations exhibited values ranging from (1.6 mg·L−1 to 2.9 mg·L−1) in the winter of January 2020 and (1 to 2.9 mg·L−1) in the summer of June 2021, surpassing its WHO limit (1.5 mg·L−1) in almost all water samples. These findings allow us to conclude that the high mineralization of these waters is acquired due to the dissolution of carbonates (calcite, dolomite), gypsum, and halite due to their prolonged interaction with the geological formations. The deterioration of groundwater quality in the Gafsa mining basin associated with phosphate extraction and processing activities appears to be primarily due to the intensive exploitation of deep-water resources.
Post-Transcriptional Induction of the Antiviral Host Factor GILT/IFI30 by Interferon Gamma
Authors: Nakamura Taisuke , Izumida Mai , Hans Manya Bakatumana , Suzuki Shuichi , Takahashi Kensuke , Hayashi Hideki , Ariyoshi Koya , Kubo Yoshinao
Published: September 2024

Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays pivotal roles in both adaptive and innate immunities. GILT exhibits constitutive expression within antigen-presenting cells, whereas in other cell types, its expression is induced by interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Gaining insights into the precise molecular mechanism governing the induction of GILT protein by IFN-γ is of paramount importance for adaptive and innate immunities. In this study, we found that the 5′ segment of GILT mRNA inhibited GILT protein expression regardless of the presence of IFN-γ. Conversely, the 3′ segment of GILT mRNA suppressed GILT protein expression in the absence of IFN-γ, but it loses this inhibitory effect in its presence. Although the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin suppressed the induction of GILT protein expression by IFN-γ, the expression from luciferase sequence containing the 3′ segment of GILT mRNA was resistant to rapamycin in the presence of IFN-γ, but not in its absence. Collectively, this study elucidates the mechanism behind GILT induction by IFN-γ: in the absence of IFN-γ, GILT mRNA is constitutively transcribed, but the translation process is hindered by both the 5′ and 3′ segments. Upon exposure to IFN-γ, a translation inhibitor bound to the 3′ segment is liberated, and a translation activator interacts with the 3′ segment to trigger the initiation of GILT translation.
Oral Lichen Planus: A Narrative Review Navigating Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Nukaly Houriah Yasir , Halawani Ibrahim R. , Alghamdi Saja Mohammed S. , Alruwaili Araa Ghanem , Binhezaim Alhanouf , Algahamdi Rana Ali A. , Alzahrani Rayan Abdullah J. , Alharamlah Faisal Saad S. , Aldumkh Shahad Hamad S. , Alasqah Hamad Majid A. , Alamri Awadh , Jfri Abdulhadi
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a common immune-mediated inflammatory disorder affecting the oral mucosa, impacting 0.5% to 2% of the global population, primarily middle-aged women. Immunological dysregulation is a key factor in OLP’s pathogenesis, involving CD4+ T helper and CD8+ T cytotoxic cells. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies OLP as a potentially malignant disorder, with a risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) developing in up to 2% of lesions. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic strategies for OLP, informing clinical practice and guiding future research. Methods: A review of the literature from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted up to December 2023, focusing on studies addressing the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of OLP. Results: OLP’s pathogenesis is driven by immune dysregulation, with CD4+ and CD8+ cells playing crucial roles. Clinically, OLP presents as reticular, erosive, bullous, and plaque-like lesions. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination, histopathology, and direct immunofluorescence. Recent advancements in diagnostic markers and imaging techniques have improved detection and monitoring. Treatment primarily involves corticosteroids, but novel therapies such as curcumin, retinoids, and laser therapy are increasingly used for their effectiveness and reduced side effects. These treatments show promise in symptom reduction and recurrence prevention, although long-term data are needed. Conclusions: Regular screenings and biopsies are essential due to OLP’s likelihood of malignant transformation. This study urges further investigation into long-term results, improved diagnostic techniques, and evidence-based treatment regimens.
Experimental Study on Ocular Surface Protection by Soft Contact Lenses Due to Volcanic Ash Exposure
Authors: Toshida Hiroshi , Matsuzaki Yusuke , Miyazaki Masahiro
Published: September 2024

Background: Sudden volcanic eruptions can lead to volcanic ash entering the eyes, causing severe discomfort and complicating evacuation efforts. The specific effects of volcanic ash on ocular tissues, especially when wearing soft contact lenses (SCLs), are not well documented, prompting this experimental investigation. Methods: White rabbits with normal eyes were randomly divided into three groups: (1) a bare eye group: bare eye + volcanic ash exposure + eye washing, (2) an SCL group: SCL-wearing eye + volcanic ash exposure + eye washing, and (3) a control group: eye washing only. In groups 1 and 2, volcanic ash was applied to one eye under topical anesthesia, followed by immediate saline rinsing. Slit-lamp microscopy and histopathological analysis were conducted after euthanasia. Results: Slit-lamp and histopathological examinations revealed more significant corneal and conjunctival erosion in the bare eye group compared to the SCL group, which showed limited damage. The control group displayed no ocular damage. Conclusions: Guidelines from the “Volcanic Ash Health Effects: A Guide for the Public” by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience recommend removing SCLs during ashfall. Our findings suggest that the damage to the corneal and conjunctival epithelium is less severe in SCL-wearing eyes than in bare eyes, recommending that SCL wearers prioritize evacuation over lens removal during sudden ashfall.
Effect of Timely Availability of TTR-Stabilizing Therapy on Diagnosis, Therapy, and Clinical Outcomes in ATTR-CM
Authors: Dobner Stephan , Zarro Sara , Wieser Fabian , Kassar Mohammad , Alaour Bashir , Wiedemann Sebastian , Bakula Adam , Caobelli Federico , Stortecky Stefan , Gräni Christoph , Hunziker Lukas , Bernhard Benedikt
Published: September 2024

Background: Tafamidis reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), yet availability and access to therapy vary. Objective: To determine how availability and access to tafamidis impact time-to-diagnosis, time-to-therapy, and cardiovascular outcomes in ATTR-CM. Methods: Ninety-one consecutive ATTR-CM (~97% wt-TTR) patients diagnosed between June 2019 and June 2021 were evaluated for tafamidis. Access to therapy was regulated by compassionate use [n(CU) = 42] prior to, and insurance [n(IA) = 49] after regulatory approval. Results: Tafamidis was started in 37/42 (88.1%), and 39/49 (79.6%) patients, respectively. At diagnosis, ATTR-CM disease stage (≤stage 2: 88.2% vs. 90.9%, p = 0.92) was similar between groups. Timely access (after tafamidis approval) reduced the median time from first presentation to diagnosis from 6.2 (IQR: 1.3–28.9) to 2.4 (0.7–21.7) months, and from first presentation to therapy from 24.4 (10.7–46.8) to 11.8 (6.4–32.4) months. While RV function significantly worsened between diagnosis and therapy initiation in CU patients diagnosed before tafamidis approval (S’-velocity 10.0 ± 2.2 to 9.2 ± 2.2 cm/s; p = 0.018; TAPSE 17.3 ± 4.7 to 15.7 ± 3.9 mm, p = 0.008), it remained unchanged in IA patients (S’-velocity 9.6 ± 2.6 to 9.4 ± 2.3 cm/s; p = 0.83; TAPSE 15.6 ± 4.2 to 16.3 ± 3.1 mm, p = 0.45). After a median follow-up of 42.3 and 24.9 months in CU and IA patients, respectively, timely availability was associated with a reduction in annual heart failure hospitalizations (0.40 vs. 0.16 per patient, p < 0.001) and improved MACE-free survival (HR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.26–1.00; p = 0.051). Timely diagnosis (<12-months) prolonged MACE-free survival (HR = 0.424; 95%CI: 0.22–0.81; p = 0.004), and reduced HFH (HR = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.19–0.81); p = 0.011) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.29; 95%CI: 0.11–0.74); p = 0.009). Conclusions: Availability of tafamidis improves diagnostic efficacy in ATTR-CM patients. Timely diagnosis and initiation of therapy reduces adverse cardiovascular events.
The Outcomes of the Initial Misclassification of Undifferentiated Hypotension in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Lin Jr-Jiun , Chen Wei-Ting , Ong Hooi-Nee , Hung Chi-Sheng , Chang Wei-Tien , Huang Chien-Hua , Tsai Min-Shan
Published: September 2024

Background: Managing shock, a life-threatening emergency, is challenging. The influence of the initial misclassification of undifferentiated hypotension (UH) in the emergency department (ED) on patients’ outcomes remains uninvestigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the initial misclassification of UH in the ED affects patients’ clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 270 non-traumatic adult patients with UH who had visited the ED of National Taiwan University Hospital between July 2020 and January 2022. The patients were divided into same-diagnosis and different-diagnosis groups, depending on the consistency between the initial and final classifications of shock. The outcome was survival to discharge. The clinical variables, management, and outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: A total of 39 of 270 patients (14.4%) were in the different-diagnosis group. Most misclassified patients were initially diagnosed as having hypovolemic shock (HS, n = 29) but finally diagnosed as having distributive shock (DS, n = 28) or cardiogenic shock (n = 1). When compared with the same-diagnosis group, the different-diagnosis group had higher hospitalization (94.9% vs. 81.4%, p = 0.023) but lower ED discharge (5.1% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.046) rates. Logistic regression analysis showed that the HS initially diagnosed was associated with an increased risk of misclassification (odds ratio [OR] = 14.731, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.572–60.749, p < 0.001). However, the survival to discharge did not differ between the two groups. DS, when finally diagnosed instead of the initial misclassification, was associated with in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.317, 95%CI = 0.124–0.810, p = 0.016). Conclusions: The misclassification of UH in the ED is not rare, particularly in patients with DS, who are likely to be initially misdiagnosed with HS. Although misclassification may increase hospitalization and decrease ED discharge, it does not affect survival to discharge.
Changes in the Articular Cartilage Thickness in Patients with Symptomatic Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective Study with a Mean 5-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Kawakami Jun , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Arino Atsushi , Kimura Rei , Aizawa Kazuho , Sano Hirotaka , Hitachi Shin , Aizawa Toshimi , Itoi Eiji
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the progression of cartilage thinning in patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears using MRI. Methods: Two hundred twenty-five consecutive patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears visited our institute between 2009 and 2019. Of these, 28 shoulders of 27 patients (mean age, 65 years) who underwent at least two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were prospectively enrolled. They all received conservative treatment. The mean follow-up was 67 months. Changes in cartilage thickness and the combined cartilage and subchondral bone thickness at the initial and final MRI were measured using a RadiAnt DICOM-viewer (Medixant, Poznan, Poland). The cartilage thickness of the humeral head was measured in the oblique coronal and sagittal images. The glenoid cartilage was measured in the axial and oblique coronal images. Results: At an average period of 5 years, 12 of 28 shoulders (42%) showed more than a 30% decrease in cartilage thickness in the humeral head. The glenoid showed cartilage thinning in only one shoulder (4%). In the humeral head, progressive cartilage thinning was seen mainly in the anterior and posterior parts of the humeral head in the sagittal plane. In the glenoid, progressive cartilage thinning was seen on the entire surface except the posterior area. There was no significant difference in cartilage thickness between the first and final follow-ups for both the humeral head and the glenoid. Conclusions: A total of 12 of 28 shoulders (42%) showed more than a 30% decrease in cartilage thickness in the humeral head, which was mainly observed in the anterior and posterior areas of the humeral head.
Emotional Contagion and Emotional Mimicry in Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Parisi Mathilde , Marin Ludovic , Fauviaux Tifenn , Aigoin Emilie , Raffard Stéphane
Published: September 2024

Background: Individuals with schizophrenia often exhibit social interaction deficits, which can affect their ability to engage effectively with others. Emotional processes, such as emotional contagion (the transfer of emotion between individuals) and emotional mimicry (the imitation of emotional expressions), are crucial for enhancing the quality of social interactions. Methods: We conducted a PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo database search. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were established based on the definitions of emotional contagion and emotional mimicry, rather than relying on specific terminology from various research fields. Forty-two studies were included in the review, including six emotional mimicry studies and thirty-six emotional contagion studies. Results: The current findings suggest decreased or inappropriate emotional mimicry in individuals with schizophrenia. Relating to emotional contagion, the results showed altered brain and psychophysiological activity in individuals with schizophrenia, whereas the self-reported measures indicated no difference between the groups. The relationships between emotional contagion, emotional mimicry, and psychotic symptom severity showed variability across the studies, whereas no associations between antipsychotic dosage and either emotional mimicry or emotional contagion were found. Discussion: This review highlights the need to further evaluate and train emotional contagion and emotional mimicry in individuals with schizophrenia because these processess influence social interaction quality. Clinical implications and guidelines for future studies are discussed.
Impaired Periodontitis-Induced Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Monocytes and Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Silva Daniela S. , Laranjeira Paula , Silva Ana , Silva Isabel , Kaminska Marta , Mydel Piotr , de Vries Charlotte , Lundberg Karin , da Silva José António P. , Baptista Isabel P. , Paiva Artur
Published: September 2024

Background: Immune cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients display a reduced in vitro response to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), which may have functional immune consequences. The aim of this study was to characterize, by flow cytometry, the frequency/activity of monocytes and naturally occurring myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in peripheral blood samples from patients with periodontitis and patients with periodontitis and RA. Methods: The relative frequency of monocytes and mDCs in the whole blood, the frequency of these cells producing TNFα or IL-6 and the protein expression levels for each cytokine, before and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli plus interferon-γ (IFN-γ), were assessed by flow cytometry, in peripheral blood samples from 10 healthy individuals (HEALTHY), 10 patients with periodontitis (PERIO) and 17 patients with periodontitis and RA (PERIO+RA). Results: The frequency of monocytes and mDCs producing IL-6 or TNF-α and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the PERIO group were generally higher. Within the PERIO+RA group, P. gingivalis and related antibodies were negatively correlated with the monocyte and mDC expression of IL-6. A subgroup of the PERIO+RA patients that displayed statistically significantly lower frequencies of monocytes producing IL-6 after activation presented statistically significantly higher peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD)2/4 activity, anti-arg-gingipain (RgpB) IgG levels, mean probing depth (PD), periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and bleeding on probing (BoP). Conclusions: In the patients with PERIO+RA, innate immune cells seemed to produce lower amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are correlated with worse periodontitis-related clinical and microbiological parameters.
Diving Deep into Arrhythmias: Unravelling the Impact of Underwater Environments on Premature Ventricular Complexes in Divers
Authors: Ranic Ivan , Jiravsky Otakar , Cesnakova Konecna Alica , Jiravska Godula Bogna , Pesova Petra , Chovancik Jan , Neuwirth Radek , Sknouril Libor , Pudil Radek , Plasek Jiri
Published: September 2024

This review examines the relationship between the physiological demands of diving and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in divers. In the general population, some individuals have a greater tendency to experience PVCs, often without awareness or a clear understanding of the triggering factors. With the increasing availability and popularity of both scuba and apnoea diving, more people, including those with a predisposition to PVCs, are engaging in these activities. The underwater environment, with its unique stressors, may increase the risk of arrhythmogenic events, particularly PVCs. Here, we review the prevalence, pathophysiology, and aggravating factors of PVCs in divers, emphasising the need for a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment. Evidence suggests a higher prevalence of PVCs in divers compared with the general population, influenced by factors such as age, dive depth, gas bubbles, cold water immersion, pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, and lifestyle factors. The change in environment during diving could potentially trigger an increased frequency of PVCs, especially in individuals with a pre-existing tendency. We discuss diagnostic strategies, management approaches, and preventive measures for divers with PVCs, noting that although guidelines for athletes can be adapted, individual assessment is crucial. Significant knowledge gaps are identified, highlighting the need for future research to develop evidence-based guidelines and understand the long-term significance of PVCs in divers. This work aims to evaluate potential contributing factors to PVCs in divers and identify individuals who may be at higher risk of experiencing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). This work aims to improve diver safety by promoting collaboration between cardiologists and diving medicine specialists and by identifying key areas for future investigation in this field. This work aims to improve the safety and well-being of divers by understanding the cardiovascular challenges they face, including pressure changes, cold water immersion, and hypoxia. We seek to elucidate the relationship between these challenges and the occurrence of PVCs. By synthesising current evidence, identifying knowledge gaps, and proposing preliminary recommendations, we aim to encourage collaboration between cardiologists and diving medicine specialists to optimise the screening, management, and risk stratification of PVCs in the diving population.
Impact of Positive Lymph Nodes after Systematic Perihilar Lymphadenectomy in Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Hess Gabriel F. , Aegerter Noa L. E. , Zeindler Jasmin , Vosbeck Jürg , Neuschütz Kerstin J. , Müller Philip C. , Muenst Simone , Däster Silvio , Bolli Martin , Kollmar Otto , Soysal Savas D.
Published: September 2024

Background: 25 to 50% of patients suffering from colorectal cancer develop liver metastases. The incidence of regional lymph node (LN) metastases within the liver is up to 14%. The need for perihilar lymph node dissection (LND) is still a controversial topic in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). This study investigates the role of perihilar LND in patients with CRLM. Methods: For this retrospective study, patients undergoing surgery for CRLM at the University Hospital Basel between May 2009 and December 2021 were included. In patients with perihilar LND, LN were stained for CK22 and examined for single tumour cells (<0.2 mm), micro- (0.2–2 mm), and macro-metastases (>2 mm). Results: 112 patients undergoing surgery for CRLM were included. 54 patients underwent LND, 58/112 underwent liver resection only (LR). 3/54 (5.6%) showed perihilar LN metastases in preoperative imaging, and in 10/54 (18.5%), micro-metastases could be proven after CK22 staining. Overall complications were similar in both groups (LND: 46, 85.2%; LR: 48, 79.3%; p = 0.800). The rate of major complications was higher in the LND group (LND: 22, 40.7%; LR: 18, 31%, p = 0.002). Median recurrence-free survival (RFS) (LND: 10 months; LR: 15 months, p = 0.076) and overall survival (OS) were similar (LND: 49 months; LR: 60 months, p = 0.959). Conclusion: Preoperative imaging is not sensitive enough to detect perihilar LN metastases. Perihilar LND enables precise tumour staging by detecting more lymph node metastases, especially through CK22 staining. However, perihilar LND does not influence oncologic outcomes in patients with CRLM.
A Multi-Task Network: Improving Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Self-Noise Separation via Sound Event Recognition
Authors: Shi Wentao , Chen Dong , Tian Fenghua , Liu Shuxun , Jing Lianyou
Published: September 2024

The performance of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) is significantly influenced by the magnitude of self-generated noise, making it a crucial factor in advancing acoustic load technologies. Effective noise management, through the identification and separation of various self-noise types, is essential for enhancing a UUV’s reception capabilities. This paper concentrates on the development of UUV self-noise separation techniques, with a particular emphasis on feature extraction and separation in multi-task learning environments. We introduce an enhancement module designed to leverage noise categorization for improved network efficiency. Furthermore, we propose a neural network-based multi-task framework for the identification and separation of self-noise, the efficacy of which is substantiated by experimental trials conducted in a lake setting. The results demonstrate that our network outperforms the Conv-tasnet baseline, achieving a 0.99 dB increase in Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) and a 0.05 enhancement in the recognized energy ratio.
Novel 3D Structural-Light Scanner Technique for Continuous Monitoring of Pier Scour in Laboratory
Authors: Zaidan Jana , Poupardin Adrien , Bennabi Abdelkrim , Marin François , Benamar Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Laboratory experiments are crucial for understanding scour around embedded structures. However, there is currently no standard and reliable instrumentation for monitoring the progression of this physical process in laboratory. In this paper, the capability of a novel 3D structural-light scanner technique to continuously measure the scour bed topography in uninterrupted flow is demonstrated. A suitable data processing procedure is developed to operate this device. Data processing is faster compared to other methods due to the automatic cloud reconstruction. This technique is rapid and allows for data acquisition with high vertical spatial accuracy. Flume tests are conducted on a circular pier founded in sand in clear water, as benchmark tests, to validate the effectiveness of this technique. The results observed with the scanner were coherent with those reported in the literature. Local scour initiation occurred near the sides of the pier. The maximum final scour depth measured was nearly equal to the pier diameter. This technique is considered non-intrusive under the tested hydraulic conditions and presents few limitations compared to other devices.
A Comparative Analysis of Performance Efficiency for the Container Terminals in China and Korea
Authors: Zhang Jin , Deng Shuyin , Kim Yulseong , Zheng Xuebin
Published: September 2024

In this study, the static and dynamic performance efficiencies of container terminals are analyzed and compared for the main container terminals in China and Korea. The static performance efficiency is calculated using the Super-SBM model based on slack variables at the micro-level. An analysis on the dynamic performance efficiency is conducted with the Malmquist index method. The factors of scale and technology of container terminals are mainly taken into account to explore the performance efficient improvement path of container ports. We obtained the following conclusions: (1) The container terminals in Korea show a similar performance efficiency level to the terminals in China, and their performance efficiency is an overall upward trend over the past five years. (2) The main reason for inefficiency in the container terminals in China and Korea is predominantly scale inefficiency. (3) Boosting the automation degree does not have a completely positive impact on the efficiency of the terminal. (4) In 2019–2023, the technical progress index of all container terminals in China and Korea showed a decreasing trend, leading to performance inefficiency of the container terminals.
In Situ Measurement of Deep-Sea Salinity Using Optical Salinometer Based on Michelson Interferometer
Authors: Yang Shuqing , Xu Jie , Ji Lanting , Sun Qingquan , Zhang Muzi , Zhao Shanshan , Wu Chi
Published: September 2024

Ocean salinity plays an important role in oceanographic research as one of the fundamental parameters. An optical salinometer based on the Michelson interferometer (MI) suitable for in situ measurement in deep-sea environments is proposed in this work, and it features real-time calibration and multichannel multiplexing using the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technique. The symmetrical sapphire structure used to withstand deep-sea pressure can not only achieve automatic temperature compensation, but also counteract the changes in optical path length under deep-sea pressure. A model formula suitable for optical salinity demodulation is proposed through the nonlinear least squares fitting method. In vertical profile testing, the optical salinometer demonstrated remarkable tracking performance, achieving an error of less than 0.001 psu. The sensor displays a stable salinity demodulation error within ±0.002 psu during a three-month long-term test at a depth of 4000 m. High stability and resolution make this optical salinometer have broad development prospects in ocean observation.
Polymetallic Ore Mining Impact Assessment on the Benthic Hydrobiocenosis of the Small Estuaries on the Arctic Islands
Authors: Miskevich Igor V. , Lokhov Alexey S. , Moseev Dmitry S. , Kotova Ekaterina I.
Published: September 2024

The results of studies on the content of aluminum and heavy metals in benthic sediments and algae in the estuaries of the Arctic island Vaygach are presented. This island is located on the Barents and Kara Sea border, and it is part of the Pay-Khoi ridge which can be called a “continuation” of the Ural Mountains to the north. The observations were conducted in Krasnaya and Varkulyakha Rivers located in the island’s southern part and flow into the Yugorsky Shar Strait. Krasnaya River is located near a polymetallic ore deposit, which was developed in 1931–1934. Reconnaissance fieldwork was carried out in the river estuaries through measurements of salinity and water level. Measurements of the mass concentration of elements in the studied samples of sediments and algae were carried out by atomic emission spectrometry. The preparation of plant samples was by microwave decomposition, and that for samples of bottom sediments was carried out by acid decomposition in an open manner. The obtained concentration samples were compared using “Tukey exploratory data analysis (EDA)”. The presence of anomalies in the high content of copper, manganese, and zinc in filamentous algae at the control site in the Krasnaya River estuary was revealed. For some elements, the enrichment index was calculated relative to the upper part of the earth’s crust content. It is assumed that the occurrence of this situation is due to the long-term consequences of mining polymetallic ores. The accumulation of metals in river estuaries may be related to the observed warming of the climate in the western sector of the Arctic region.
Numerical Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Novel Bucket-Shaped Permeable Breakwater Using OpenFOAM
Authors: Yuan Anqi , Wang Dongxu , Jiang Yuejiao , Wang Yifeng , Gui Jinsong
Published: September 2024

To align with contemporary concepts of low-carbon and environmental protection, a new type of bucket-shaped permeable breakwater, based on the prototype of the bucket-based breakwater in Xuwei Port Area, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China, was proposed. A three-dimensional numerical wave flume was constructed using the OpenFOAM platform and DXFlow (an open-source computational fluid dynamics toolbox based on OpenFOAM). The effectiveness of this numerical wave flume was validated through temporal and spatial verification, wave generation validation, and model testing. The study investigated the effects of bucket porosity, opening shapes, number of openings, and the positioning of these openings on the wave-dissipating performance under regular wave conditions. It analyzed the force characteristics near the openings. The results showed that within the relative wavelength range of L/D between 6.7 and 12.7, relative wave height H/d between 0.175 and 0.275, changes in wavelength had a limited impact on the wave-dissipating performance of the bucket-shaped permeable breakwater. The wave-dissipating performance was primarily related to the porosity, with the optimal overall wave-dissipating performance occurring at a bucket porosity of 12%. The shape and number of openings had a minimal relationship with performance. Additionally, the connecting walls of this type of breakwater experienced the most significant wave impact, suggesting that these areas should be reinforced in practical engineering applications.
The Recent and Submerged Tombolos—Unique Phenomena on the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Benac Čedomir , Bočić Neven , Wacha Lara , Maglić Lovro , Ružić Igor
Published: September 2024

Prvić Island (Kvarner area in the NE channel part of the Adriatic Sea) is a part of the Natura 2000 protected area network. A recent tombolo is located on the SW coast of Prvić Island, and much larger submerged tombolos are located on the shoal towards the south. Both phenomena are unique to the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea. The inland part of the tombolo was surveyed using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, and a 3D point cloud was created using Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo photogrammetry. The body of the talus breccia behind the tombolo has a triangular form. Large collapsed rocky blocks form the cape vertex. This cape is in a state of equilibrium in the present oceanographic conditions but might be eroded due to predicted rises in sea level. The submarine zone was explored using scuba-diving equipment and Remotely Operated Vehicles. A large triangle-shaped shoal consists of flysch. Parallel vertical sandstone layers that look like artificially built walls are more than a hundred metres long. The carbonate breccia is located at the end of the shallow zone. The conditions for the final formation of the submerged shoal were created during the sea level stagnation in the Holocene.
Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement of the Flow around SUBOFF Submarine under Yaw Conditions
Authors: Chen Mo , Zhang Nan , Li Ziyan , Liu Junliang , Yu Lan , Zheng Wentao , Zhang Xuan
Published: September 2024

To gain a better understanding of the complex flow dynamics and stealth characteristics of submarines under maneuvering conditions, flow field experiments were conducted on the SUBOFF submarine model in the large low-speed wind tunnel at the China Ship Scientific Research Center (CSSRC). The three-dimensional velocity field above the hull at 6° and 9° yaw angles was captured using the stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) system. The experimental Reynolds numbers were selected as ReL = 0.46 × 107 and ReL = 1.08 × 107. The wake of the sail and the junction between the sail root and the hull were analyzed in detail, focusing on the core flow of the sail-tip vortex. The results revealed that at a larger yaw angle, the vorticity magnitude and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) of the wake increased, and the downwash effect of the sail-tip vortex center became more pronounced. Furthermore, a higher Reynolds number resulted in an even more significant downwash of the vortex center, accompanied by a slight deviation towards the suction side. These experimental findings can contribute to the enrichment of the benchmark database for validating and improving numerical simulations of submarine wakes.
Sea Level Rise and the Future of Tombolos: The Case of Greece
Authors: Maroukian Hampik , Spyrou Evangelos , Tsiatoura Sofia , Tzouxanioti Maria , Evelpidou Niki
Published: September 2024

Tombolos are ephemeral coastal landforms, which may form and disappear over short geological time periods. Thus, they are susceptible to marine processes. During the last decades, however, climate change and the subsequent sea level rise seems to have affected a large part of the world’s coastlines. Tombolos are particularly prone to the imminent sea level rise. Many tombolos globally may disappear in the coming decades. Our work aims to quantify the susceptibility of the tombolos along the Greek coastline in relationship to the sea level rise. We mapped all Greek tombolos and created an online (and public) geodata base. For each tombolo, we measured its primary physiographical characteristics (e.g., length and width), and also its height above sea level. Based on that, we applied two scenarios proposed by the IPCC concerning the future sea level rise (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5), in order to check to what extent the Greek tombolos may disappear or face extreme erosion in the next few decades. Our results indicate that more than half of the Greek tombolos will be fully flooded and disappear in 100 years even under the optimistic scenario. Even those that remain will still face severe erosion problems.
A New Insight on the Upwelling along the Atlantic Iberian Coasts and Warm Water Outflow in the Gulf of Cadiz from Multiscale Ultrahigh Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Imagery
Authors: del Rosario José J. Alonso , Gómez Elizabeth Blázquez , Pérez Juan Manuel Vidal , Rey Faustino Martín , Silva-Ramírez Esther L.
Published: September 2024

The ATLAZUL project is an Interreg effort among 18 partners from Spain and Portugal along the Atlantic Iberian coasts. One of its objectives is the development of new methods and data processing for oceanic information to produce useful products for private and public stakeholders. This study proposes a new insight on the sea surface dynamic of the ATLAZUL area based on almost two years of multiscale high resolution sea surface temperature imagery. The use of techniques such as the Karhunen–Loève transform (Empirical Orthogonal Function) and the Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis were applied to study long- and short-term features in the sea surface temperature imagery. Mathematical Morphology and the Geometrical Theory of Measure are utilized to compute the Medial Axis Transform and the Hausdorff dimension. The results can be summarized as follows: (i) the tow upwelling areas are identified along the Galician–Portugal coast as indicated in the second and third modes of KLT/EOF analysis, and they are partially affected by wind; (ii) the tow warm water outflows from the Bay of Cádiz to the Gulf of Cádiz are identified as the second and third modes of KLT/EOF analysis, which are also influenced by wind; (iii) the skeletons of the surface signature of the upwelling and of the warmer water outflow, along with their fractal dimensions, indicate a chaotic pattern of spatial distribution and (iv) the harmonic prediction model should be combined with the wind prediction.
Does the Weather Still Affect Me When I Shop at Home? The Impact of Weather on Online Shopping Behavior
Authors: Liu Hongde , Wang Jun , Zhang Ruilin , Liu Ou
Published: September 2024

Previous studies have acknowledged the impact of weather changes on retail uncertainty. They primarily focus on understanding how weather conditions affect offline consumer behavior and aim to develop effective marketing strategies. However, there is little research on the complex impact of weather on online shopping behavior. To bridge this gap, we conduct a study with a sample of 261 consumers from China with shopping experience in community retail shops (CRSs). We utilize the S-O-R model and theories, including meteorological emotional effect theory, emotional coherence, and meteorological psychology, to model and elucidate the relationship between weather and consumers’ online shopping behavior in CRS. Our findings reveal that weather conditions affect consumers’ spending patterns and purchase diversity, mediated by consumers’ emotions and risk aversion when they comfortably shop online at home. Furthermore, employing the fsQCA model, we identify the critical path through which weather conditions and consumer types influence risk-aversion awareness. The results provide management implications for retailers to develop online marketing strategies for different consumer types.
Neurodegenerative Disorders in the Context of Vascular Changes after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hasanpour-Segherlou Zahra , Masheghati Forough , Shakeri-Darzehkanani Mahdieh , Hosseini-Siyanaki Mohammad-Reza , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: September 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from external biomechanical forces that cause structural and physiological disturbances in the brain, leading to neuronal, axonal, and vascular damage. TBIs are predominantly mild (65%), with moderate (10%) and severe (25%) cases also prevalent. TBI significantly impacts health, increasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, post injury. The initial phase of TBI involves acute disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) due to vascular shear stress, leading to ischemic damage and amyloid-beta accumulation. Among the acute cerebrovascular changes after trauma are early progressive hemorrhage, micro bleeding, coagulopathy, neurovascular unit (NVU) uncoupling, changes in the BBB, changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral edema. The secondary phase is characterized by metabolic dysregulation and inflammation, mediated by oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to further neurodegeneration. The cerebrovascular changes and neuroinflammation include excitotoxicity from elevated extracellular glutamate levels, coagulopathy, NVU, immune responses, and chronic vascular changes after TBI result in neurodegeneration. Severe TBI often leads to dysfunction in organs outside the brain, which can significantly impact patient care and outcomes. The vascular component of systemic inflammation after TBI includes immune dysregulation, hemodynamic dysfunction, coagulopathy, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury. There are differences in how men and women acquire traumatic brain injuries, how their brains respond to these injuries at the cellular and molecular levels, and in their brain repair and recovery processes. Also, the patterns of cerebrovascular dysfunction and stroke vulnerability after TBI are different in males and females based on animal studies.