bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consequences of the restructuring of loans in Swiss francs in Poland in the light of consumer protection
Authors: PARTYKOWSKI Michał
Published: April 2018

Aim: The subject of the paper is to discuss the consequences of the changes in the legislation on mortgage loans in Swiss francs, proposed by the Polish Sejm in August 2015, to the situation in the banking sector and the economy. The topic is important because of the potential impact of such changes on Polish banking industry, and indirectly lower GDP growth rate. Design: The article tries to assess consequences for the sector in next 5 years using set of quantitative and qualitative indicators. Author utilized literature review, experts’ opinions selection, and desk research on statistics data. Conclusions / findings: The author concludes that legislators proposal will bring negative impact of PLN >1 bn net income of the banking industry a year in next 5 years. However, if the legislation will be passed according to KNF’s feedback, most of these costs will be mitigated due to spreading banks’ losses over many years. The paper might be interested to banking and public sector analysts, as it brings a new opinion in the ongoing discussion. However, it is one of several voices in the public debate. Originality / value of the article: The paper brings implications to the legislators and public sector observes, serving as an independent analyze of the topic. Its main limitation is lack of granular quantitative losses estimation for banks, based on a scenario approach, which could add more value added to banking analysts, helping them benchmark their internal assessments.
The Role of the competition protection authority in the French legal system
Authors: GOLA Jan
Published: April 2018

Aim: The purpose of the paper is presentation of a French body - Autorité de la concurrence - responsible for protecting competition. The paper will discuss its role, characteristic features and judiciary instruments available to the body. Furthermore, the aim of the paper is to place the above-mentioned body of the French economic administration in the pan-European system for protecting competition and pinpointing the competition policy mechanisms it uses. It is essential to analyse available legislation which applies to the institution. Design / Research methods: The core research method applied in the paper is a formal and dogmatic method which allows for identifying the content of applicable legal standards (including the rights and obligations of the body described in the paper and the entities administered by the body) as well as the rules (presented from the point of view of directives and/or with their description) which form the basis for the standards. In addition, the functional analysis method used to analyse how law works in practice was also used. Sources of French law and literature on the competition law were also analysed. Conclusions / findings: The author concluded that the complexity of economic mechanisms requires an extended and transparent system for maintaining correct operation of the competition protecting authorities and bodies in France. He believes that it is one of the foundations of a contemporary democratic state of law which guarantees delivery on the principles of legality and economic freedom. It was demonstrated that the mechanisms available to the French Competition Office comply with the European competition law and may have a positive impact on entrepreneurs' behaviour on the market. Originality / value of the article: The author believes that the topic of the paper is pertinent and original. So far, only few representatives of the public commercial law doctrine devoted their thoughts to the operation of the European competition bodies. What is more, conclusions from the paper may offer some suggestions to the Polish legislator who may adapt solutions used in French law and create a model of competition and sectoral regulation bodies. Implications of the research: An analysis of French legal standards may contribute to continuing research in the commercial administration and to the application of a comparative method in order to formulate some interesting conclusions. In addition, it may also encourage Polish researchers to take up the topic related to the operation of competition bodies also in other EU states.
Concentration of entrepreneurs on the pharmaceutical market: selected issues
Authors: CZESAK-STARŻYK Joanna Magdalena
Published: April 2018

Aim:The article has been selected due to the need to determine the legal basis for the consolidation of entrepreneurs on the pharmaceutical market and to identify the difference from the common pattern established by the regulations set forth in the Competition and Consumer Protection Act dated 16 February 2007. The selection of an enactment (the Competition and Consumer Protection Act or the Pharmaceutical Law Act) as the appropriate basis for ruling shapes the legal status of an entrepreneur on the pharmaceutical market, in particular with respect to selecting specific remedies. Design / Research methods:The text of enactments was analyzed using mainly the linguistic method. The aim of the analyzed regulations and the system of values protected by law were also investigated. Conclusions / findings:The regulations concerning anti-competition consolidation on the pharmaceutical market set forth in the Pharmaceutical Law Acta are lex specialis with respect to solutions adopted in the Competition and Consumer Protection Act (this applies only to issuing a permit for running a retail pharmacy and a limited service pharmacy). These regulations are related with respect to content but, simultaneously, they differ with respect to the adopted consolidation criteria (qualitative criterion: the Competition and Consumer Protection Act, and quantitative criterion: the Pharmaceutical Law Act). The regulations set forth in the Competition and Consumer Protection Act apply also to consolidation on the pharmaceutical market since the obligation to report a consolidation intent is not specific to the industry in which the consolidation takes place. It means that President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection is competent to study the consolidation status and issue decisions related to consolidation on the pharmaceutical market, and entrepreneurs can appeal from the President’s decisions to the Regional Court in Warsaw. Originality / value of the article:The approach presented is not present in the current literature which is the main value of the article. The subject matter of the article can be interesting for entrepreneurs present on the pharmaceutical market and law practitioners.
Public apologies and intercultural communication: Perceptions of Chinese and American students
Authors: Song Si-Chun , Eslami Zohreh R. , Galindo Kim Blanca
Published: April 2018

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate how culture impacts recipients’ perceptions of the effectiveness of a public apology (Netflix apology). Data was collected through a survey instrument that included both Likert Scale items and short response items. A selected number of participants from each group were also interviewed. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of data were conducted. The study also aimed to identify specific verbal and non-verbal cues that correlate with students’ evaluations of this public apology. Overall, the participants evaluated the Netflix apology as ineffective in terms of verbal as well as non-verbal strategies used. Findings show that cultural variations regarding the appropriate non-verbal cues significantly affected the participants’ evaluations of the apology. Chinese emphasized the importance of a formal setting, professional dress, bowing posture and remorseful facial expressions, whereas Americans emphasized the importance of eye contact and body posture embodying attentiveness. The majority of the participants commented that the apologizer should have offered compensation as a means of taking responsibility for the offense. The study has teaching implications for raising intercultural competency among the students and business leaders, particularly regarding the use of online speech events in teaching scenarios.
Sampul Dinamika Teknik Mesin Vol. 5 No. 2 2015
Authors: Teknik Mesin Dinamika
Published: April 2018

Sampul Dinamika Teknik Mesin Vol. 5 No. 2 2015
Pengaruh diameter lubang bubbles generator pada pengikatan CO2 dengan larutan kalium hidroksida 4 molar
Authors: Bachrudin M.N. , Sutjahjono H. , Ramadhan M.E.
Published: April 2018

Bubble generator is an alternative technology for bubble producers. One of many other functions of bubble generator is as a purification tool. Type of bubble generator that's used in this research is Jet Column bubble generator. The diameter of the bubble hole generator affects the length of bubble life, the length of the bubble trajectory, the bubble shape, and the purification process absorption of CO2. The methods used in the purification process are making a solution 4 KOH molar, making purification tool, installating the output holes, gas purification process and gas testing performed repeated three times in each test process. The output bubble generator hole diameters are 0.08 mm, 0.12 mm and 0.16 mm. The result shows that the greater the diameter of the bubble hole generator of 0.12 mm makes the length of bubble life shorter, the time is 1,77 s and for the smallest hole diameter of 0.08 mm makes the length of the bubble life af about 3.21 s. The hole diameter of 0.08 mm results in the length of bubble trajectory of 1554.289 mm that is  longer than that of the hole diameter of 0.16 mm. The smaller hole diameter produces bubbles with an average length of 6.441 mm and bubble diameter of 1.237 mm. CO2 gas content decreased from 26.8% to 0.00%, and levels of hydrocarbon content increased by 5540 ppm.
Inwardness and Inner Melodies in Brahms’s Piano Works
Authors: Cubero Diego
Published: April 2018

This article argues that the concealment of the structural melody in an inner voice imbues Brahms’s piano pieces with that inward quality long associated with the composer’s pianism. It examines three different types of structural inner melodies, proceeding from that in which the sense of interiority is most concrete to that in which it is most abstract, and culminating with an extensive analysis of Brahms’s Intermezzo in A minor, op. 76, no. 7. The article concludes that when the melody fades within, we are ultimately the ones who turn inward and lose ourselves to the music in a moment of quiet transcendence.
Time, Territorialization, and Improvisational Spaces
Authors: Stover Chris
Published: April 2018

This essay develops a framework for thinking about theimprovisational momentin music—the performed event that cuts into the ongoing flow of time, selecting a singular path into the virtual future and thereby actualizing one of its many potentials, creating conditions for the possibility of musical meaning to emerge. It does this first by closely engaging Gilles Deleuze’s three syntheses of time, which Deleuze offers as a powerful theoretical model for understanding time and process. It then brings the three syntheses of time into communication with Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s notion of the refrain, and acts of territorialization that define the refrain, demonstrating how the two conceptions can mutually reinforce and bolster one another. Ultimately, it challenges reified notions of subject and object, instead defining both as emergent, “eventful” phenomena. The musical work in this sense reflects the emergent nature of object- formation: it is shown to be an ongoing process determined by the actions of individuals in complex embodied, perspectival, and temporally-situated interactions.
Thomas Campion’s “Chordal Counterpoint” and Tallis’s Famous Forty-Part Motet
Authors: Schubert Peter N.
Published: April 2018

The compositional process behind the iconic Tallis forty-part motet,Spem in alium(ca. 1570) remains an enigma. Did he really check every pair of voices for illegal parallels? The author proposes a scenario based on Thomas Campion’s “Rule” for connecting notes in three voices above a bass. This very clever system ensures the presence of all three interval-classes above the bass (third, fifth, and root), and makes parallels impossible. The treatise was widely reprinted, and it is likely that the system was known well before its appearance around 1614. Any composer who knew this system could have grouped the melodic motions above the bass in such a way as to make the task of writing in so many parts more manageable. Campion believed that the bass was the principal melodic voice, and glimpses into the disposition of the soggetti in Tallis’s motet reveal that the bass is indeed the soggetto in the thick-textured sections.
Music’s Stubborn Enchantments (and Music Theory’s)
Authors: Rings Steven
Published: April 2018

In 1917, Max Weber (paraphrasing Schiller) famously proclaimed modernity’s “disenchantment of the world.” Weber was speaking specifically about the waning of belief in the cold light of science, secularism, and rationalized, bureaucratic capitalism, but his dictum has proven remarkably resonant beyond the social science quad. Indeed, disenchantment in various forms arguably pervades the postmodern humanities, as both diagnosis and method: the critical theorist disenchants, unmasks, demystifies. Most music theorists, it need hardly be said, do something quite different. As the SMT celebrates its 40th year, music theory—with its wide-eyed enthusiasms and unapologetic close readings, its loving attention to the sonic and the aesthetic, its frequent aloofness from the social and political—remains a discipline apart, a sort of blissed-out, sylvan glade within the Left-melancholic academy.

Depending on one’s intellectual commitments this may be cause for celebration or withering critique. But before we exult or condemn, we should try, once again, to understandwhy, as music theorists, many of us are so prone to enchantment (despite frequent admonishments from our academic neighbors), and what this might mean for our discipline’s future, its place in the academic ecology, and its ethical commitments. This paper considers these questions in connection with the song “Poor Places” by the band Wilco, using it as a case study to stage a fictive encounter between (unabashedly enchanted) music analysis and more critically wary perspectives. I end with broader ethical considerations about enchantment’s potential to effect social change, drawing on the work of political theorist Jane Bennett.
Role of In Service Teacher Training in Human Resource Development (HRD) and Quality Education an Evaluation of a Training Programme at Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), Islamabad
Authors: Hassan Maqsood Ul
Published: April 2018

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An Analytical Study on the Teaching Strategies for Orphans
Authors: Jawad Alia
Published: April 2018

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Development Problem Solving Capabilities in English Literature Through Problem Based Learning Method
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Athar
Published: April 2018

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VYGOTSKY'S CONCEPT OF ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRADITIONAL METHOD FOR TEACHING MATHEMATICS AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL
Authors: Ahmed Aftab
Published: April 2018

Earlier, only one study analyzed ZPD in graduate teacher training programmes ofAllama Iqbal Open University. In contrast, present study was a classroom experiment;the purpose was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of Vygotsky's Concept ofZone of Proximal Development and Traditional Method for teaching Mathematics atElementary Level. The design of the study was pertest-posttest control group designand the sample of 48 students equated on their prior ability in maths into 24-studentsexperimental and control group each. The measuring instrument of the research was aself-prepared achievement test of 40 multiple-choice items in the subject ofmathematics for 8th grade level. The treatment span was for six weeks, forty minuteseach day. After collecting data, it was analyzed through mean, standard deviation,coefficient of variability and t- test.Findings of the study show that the students who were taught mathematics throughVygotskyian method of Zone of Proximal Development complemented by scaffoldingdid better in mathematics achievement than the students taught through theconventional method.Hence, Vygotskian model of teaching was perhaps a better substitute of traditionalmode of teaching mathematics to elementary students.
IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT FOR ENHANCING THE QUALITY TEACHING
Authors: Sultana Naveed
Published: April 2018

The institutional management is the key to ensure quality teaching. Teaching isdestined to encourage learning through instruction and motivation. Theperquisites for quality teaching are competent, knowledgeable and dedicatedfaculty, availability and use of latest instructional technology, congenial andpsychological environment and committed students. The nature of the study wasdescriptive and the population of the study consisted of all academicians ofacademic faculties, deans, chairmen/chairpersons and directors of local fouruniversities. Hundred institutional management such as all deans, directors andchairmen and hundred academicians were included in sample. Data werecollected through questionnaire and for analyzing the data mean score wasapplied. Hence, overall study concluded that higher the quality of instructionalmanagement the higher the quality of teaching.
Architecture of Multimedia Instruction Objects for Distance Education in Pakistan
Authors: Solangi Nisar Ahmed
Published: April 2018

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Appraisal of Mathematics Curriclulum 2006
Authors: Qadeer Ilyas
Published: April 2018

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Impact of Female Education on Fertility in Developing Countries
Authors: Ahmed Riaz
Published: April 2018

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Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement of Students of Allama Iqbal Open University
Authors: Naseer Naila
Published: April 2018

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Wawasan mengenai sistem peringatan dini kekeringan di Indonesia
Authors: Sutanto Samuel Jonson
Published: April 2018

Kekeringan merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang seringkali kurang diperhatikan karena sifat dari bencana itu sendiri yang terjadi secara perlahan. Namun jika dibandingkan dari kerugian yang dialami, terutama oleh petani, maka bencana kekeringan ini merupakan bencana yang tidak kalah pentingnya dibandingkan dengan bencana lainnya. Untuk mengurangi dampak yang diakibatkan dari bencana kekeringan ini, maka diperlukan suatu sistem yang dapat memberikan peringatan dini kekeringan beberapa bulan ke depan. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini membahas mengenai wawasan dalam pembuatan sistem peringatan dini kekeringan di Indonesia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa analisis kekeringan untuk menghitung tingkat kekeringan di masa yang akan datang dapat dibagi menjadi dua buah algoritma. Algoritma pertama digunakan untuk menghitung parameter-parameter distribusi atau nilai CDF (Cummulative Distribution Frequency) dari data historis untuk setiap bulannya dan setiap grid selnya. Algoritma kedua digunakan untuk menghitung nilai indek kekeringan dari data peramalan. Hasil dari peramalan kekeringan harus dapat menampilkan dua buah data, yaitu peta daerah yang akan mengalami kekeringan, dan grafik indek kekeringan untuk setiap provinsi di Indonesia dengan menampilkan batas atas dan bawah dari model. Jika data peramalan masa lampau (hindcast) dimiliki, maka koreksi bias terhadap data peramalan harus dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil peramalan yang lebih akurat. Dengan adanya pembahasan mengenai wawasan sistem peringatan dini kekeringan ini, maka diharapkan kedepannya Indonesia akan mempunyai sistem peringatan dini kekeringan.
Perhitungan ketersediaan air permukaan di Indonesia berdasarkan data satelit
Authors: Radhika Radhika , Firmansyah Rendy , Hatmoko Waluyo
Published: April 2018

Informasi mengenai jumlah air yang tersedia sangat vital dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air. Sayangnya informasi kondisi data hidrologi, baik data debit sungai, maupun data hujan keberadaannya sangat terbatas secara temporal dan spasial. Dengan tersedianya teknologi satelit, maka curah hujan pada wilayah tropis dapat dipantau dan direkam untuk analisis lebih lanjut. Makalah ini membahas perhitungan ketersediaan air permukaan berdasarkan data hujan dari satelit TRMM, dan selanjutnya dioleh dengan model hujan-aliran terdistribusi Wflow untuk memberikan data limpasan bulanan runtut waktu dari tahun 2003 sampai dengan 2015 untuk seluruh wilayah sungai di Indonesia. Disimpulkan bahwa jumlah ketersediaan air permukaan rata-rata di Indonesia adalah sebesar 88,3 ribu m3/s atau setara dengan 2,78 triliun m3/tahun. Angka ini lebih rendah dari studi Puslitbang Sumber Daya Air tahun 2010 berdasarkan debit di pos duga air yang menghasilkan angka 3,9 triliun m3/tahun, serta sangat dekat dengan kajian Aquastat FAO yaitu 2,79 triliun m3/tahun. Manfaat utama dari perhitungan berbasis satelit ini adalah bahwa di lokasi manapun di Indonesia, dapat diperoleh potensi air permukaan dengan mengalikan luas daerah tangkapan air dan tinggi limpasannya.
Penerapan model kendali mutu data hidrologi dalam rangka peningkatan kualitas data
Authors: Ginanjar Mirwan Rofiq , Yuningsih Sri Mulat
Published: April 2018

Perencanaan dan pengelolaan sumber daya air sangat bergantung pada kualitas data hidrologi yang digunakan. Data hidrologi memainkan peranan penting dalam analisis hidrologi. Ketersediaan data hidrologi yang baik dan berkualitas merupakan salah satu faktor penentu hasil analisis hidrologi. Akan tetapi, fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa banyak data yang ada tidak sesuai dengan kondisi idealnya. Guna mengatasi masalah tersebut, perlu dibentuk model kendali mutu data hidrologi dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas data hidrologi secara nasional. Lingkup kendali mutu yang dilakukan meliputi kendali mutu data hujan dan kendali mutu data debit. Analisis kendali mutu data hujan dilakukan terhadap 58 pos hujan yang tersebar di pulau Jawa.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 41 pos berkategori baik, 14 pos berkategori sedang dan 3 pos berkategori buruk. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dilakukan skenario perbaikan ringan, pos kategori baik meningkat menjadi 46 pos, kategori sedang berkurang menjadi 11 pos dan kategori buruk berkurang menjadi 1 pos. Analisis kendali mutu data debit dilakukan terhadap 14 pos duga air yang tersebar di pulau Jawa. Analisis dilakukan untuk QC1, QC2 dan QC3 kemudian didapat nilai QC akhir. Hasil pada QC akhir menunjukan tidak ada pos untuk kategori baik, 2 pos kategori sedang dan 12 pos kategori buruk. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut dilakukan skenario perbaikan ringan dengan hasil kategori buruk meningkat menjadi baik 5 pos, kategori buruk meningkat menjadi sedang 7 pos, dan kategori sedang 1 pos.
Penentuan hydrologic soil group untuk perhitungan debit banjir Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Brantas Hulu
Authors: Ramadan Anri Noor Annisa , Adidarma Wanny K , Riyanto Bambang Adi , Windianita Kamsiyah
Published: April 2018

Bendungan direncanakan dibangun untuk dimanfaatkan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan di bidang sumber daya air. Disamping manfaat yang terkandung di dalamnya, akan terdapat bahaya besar bila ada ketidakmampuan struktur bendungan dalam menahan banjir yang masuk ke dalam waduk. Pemilihan metode yang tepat untuk memperkirakan besaran banjir rencana merupakan bagian dari keamanan bendungan. Permasalahan yang terjadi di Indonesia adalah pencatatan data pada pos duga air tidak tersedia. Salah satu metode perhitungan kehilangan air (losses) pada pemodelan banjir adalah NRCS-CN. Kelebihan metode ini dapat digunakan untuk wilayah yang tidak memiliki data hidrograf banjir maupun tinggi muka air waduk, tetapi tersedia data pencatatan hujan. Dalam penentuan nilai CN, Indonesia belum memiliki peta HSG (Hydrologic Soil Group) sehingga perlu dibuat peta tanah seperti HWSD. Penelitian dilakukan dengan penentuan CN menggunakan peta tanah (HWSD), tataguna lahan (BAPPEDA). Kehilangan air dilakukan dengan model HEC-HMS. Penelitian  dilakukan di DAS Brantas Hulu dengan titik outlet Bendungan Sutami. Simulasi dilakukan dengan kalibrasi tinggi muka air. Kelompok HSG yang didapat dari peta HWSD pada DAS Brantas Hulu adalah D (lempung), B (tanah liat berlanau), dan A (pasir bertanah liat). Penentuan HSG dari peta tanah HWSD dengan metode kehilangan air NRCS-CN dan hidrograf satuan NRCS menghasilkan kalibrasi terbaik didapatkan dari RMSE dan beda tinggi pada AMC II dan λ=0,2 untuk bulan Maret 2007 (RMSE=0.55) serta AMC II dan λ=0,05 bulan Desember 2007 (RMSE=0.65).
Informasi peramalan banjir menggunakan data hujan dari satelit
Authors: Amsori Pian Sopian , Asyantina Tasya , Radhika Radhika
Published: April 2018

Bencana banjir merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang selalu terjadi di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah curah hujan yang tinggi yang kerap terjadi di seluruh wilayah di Indonesia. Guna meminimalkan kerugian akibat bencana tersebut, maka perlu di buat sistem informasi peramalan banjir yang disebar luaskan kepada para pemangku kepentingan terkait di setiap wilayah pengelolaan sumber daya air yang dibatasi oleh wilayah sungai. Makalah ini menyajikan sistem informasi peringatan dini banjir yang menginformasikan potensi banjir sampai dua hari ke depan, dengan menggunakan input berupa data statis (peta kerentanan sosial-ekonomi, peta rawan banjir dan peta kemiringan lahan) dan data dinamis (hujan TRMM dan data forecasting). Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan cara menumpangtindihkan data statik dan dinamik pada perangkat lunak FEWS (Flood Early Warning System) dan dengan batasan tertentu dalam penentuan potensi banjir menghasilkan output  berupa peta informasi potensi banjir pada setiap wilayah di Indonesia untuk kondisi hari ini sampai dua hari ke depan. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari dibangunnya sistem informasi peringatan dini banjir ini adalah untuk menyajikan informasi peringatan dini banjir di Wilayah Indonesia dan hasilnya diharapkan dapat dipakai oleh para pemangku kepentingan dalam menghadapi ancaman terkait banjir di daerahnya.
Effect of CSI Imperfection on Cognitive Underlay Transmission over Nakagami-m Fading Channel
Authors: Giang Nguyen Hong , Quoc Bao Vo Nguyen , Nguyen-Le Hung
Published: April 2018

This paper analyzes the performance of a cognitive underlay system over Nakagami-m fading channels, where maximal ratio combining (MRC) is employed at secondary destination and relay nodes. Under the condition of imperfect channel state information (CSI) of interfering channels, system performance metrics for the primary network and for the secondary network are formulated into exact and approximate expressions, which can be served as theoretical guidelines for system designs. To verify the performance analysis, several analytical and simulated results of the system performance are provided under various system and channel settings.
Optimal SP Training and Precoding Designs for Channel Estimation and Symbol Detection in MIMO-OFDM Systems
Authors: N. Tran Nguyen , L. Khoa Dang , T. Tri Vo , X. Nguyen Ha
Published: April 2018

Based on convex programming for optimization, a closed-from solution of superimposed (SP) training on linearly precoded data for jointly optimal channel estimation and symbol detection is proposed in this paper for MIMO-OFDM systems. The newly designed method not only efficiently identifies the frequency-selective fading channel but also effectively enhances the symbol detection. Although linearly precoding technique is employed and protects the transmitted data over the multi-path MIMO wireless channels, the precoded data is always arithmetically added to the training sequence to prevail transmission bandwidth. Analytical and numerical results confirm that the proposed design efficiently estimates the wireless fading channel and effectively recovers the source data symbols.
Propose a new algorithm of routing with information collected locally
Authors: Anh Tran Minh , Trinh Nguyen Chien
Published: April 2018

The type of algorithm which uses local information collected from source node for Quality of Service (QoS) routing has recently been researched as an alternative to QoS routing algorithms that traditionally use global state information. This algorithm, collecting information from source node only, helps flow routing better and assures more flexibly QoS for network. This trend leads to a new solution for satisfying the higher and higher demand of telecom market in the near future. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm of routing like that type for assuring the quality of network as well as quality of services. The simulations at last section show the advantages over some other localized routing algorithms and global routing algorithm.
The Role of Evaluation in Spending Review
Authors: Robinson Marc
Published: April 2018

Abstract: The role of spending review is to identify savings options that enable governments either to find fiscal space for priority new spending or to cut aggregate spending. Spending review has been extensively used by governments around the world in the wake of the global financial crisis in 2008, and many governments are now seeking to institutionalize spending review as a permanent part of the budget preparation process. The effectiveness of spending review is critically dependent upon the quality of its information base—that is, of the expenditure analysis and performance indicators that can assist in the search for savings options. Evaluation is an essential part of this information base. However, ensuring that the potential of evaluation to inform spending review is realized will require considerable reflection on the design, selection, and conduct of evaluations.
Sunshine, Scrutiny, and Spending Review in Canada, Trudeau to Trudeau: From Program Evaluation and Policy to Commitment and Results
Authors: Dobell Rod , Zussman David
Published: April 2018

Abstract: This review surveys experience with evaluation practices in the government of Canada since the mid-1960s, particularly with respect to spending reviews, concluding that there is little reason to expect any direct link from ongoing evaluation practices to cabinet decisions. The renewed commitment to evidence-based decision-making announced by the new Liberal government is unlikely to change this conclusion. The introduction of deliverology as a support function centred in the Privy Council Office shifts attention from policy formation to implementation and program delivery, with important emphasis on innovation and adaptation. But the crucial challenge still rests in achieving greater public access to information and greater inclusiveness in decision processes. For academic leaders in public administration, attention now should shift from terminological and doctrinal disputes to anticipating the important consequences of machine learning and artificial intelligence for education and future professional practice in public policy.
Registration of ‘Dayn’ Hard White Spring Wheat
Authors: Kidwell K. K. , Kuehner J. S. , Shelton G. B. , DeMacon V. L. , Rynearson S. , Chen X. M. , Guy S. O. , Marshall J. M. , Engle D. A. , See D. R. , Morris C. F. , Pumphrey M. O.
Published: April 2018

Hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the western United States is concentrated in regions of California, southern Idaho, and Washington, where resistance to stripe rust, high yield potential, minimal lodging, and desirable milling and baking qualities are preferred traits. Our objective was to develop a broadly adapted hard white spring wheat cultivar with a high level of resistance to stripe rust. ‘Dayn’ (Reg. No. CV‐1138, PI 666941) hard white spring wheat was developed by the Washington State University Agricultural Research Center and released for production in the Pacific Northwest. Dayn was derived from the cross ‘UI Lochsa’//‘Otis’*2/P9347A1‐2 by a modified‐pedigree bulk‐breeding method. Dayn was tested at sites across Washington and Idaho under the designations WA8123 and Dayn from 2010 to 2016. Dayn is a medium‐maturity, semidwarf cultivar broadly adapted to spring wheat production areas of the Pacific Northwest, with excellent yield potential in high‐moisture rainfed and irrigated production systems. Dayn was released on the basis of a combination of superior grain yield potential compared with contemporary commercial cultivars, a high level of resistance to stripe rust, and desirable milling and baking characteristics.
Registration of ‘Langin’ Hard Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Haley Scott D. , Johnson Jerry J. , Peairs Frank B. , Stromberger John A. , Hudson-Arns Emily E. , Seifert Scott A. , Anderson Victoria A. , Rosenow Alyssa A. , Bai Guihua , Chen Xianming , Bowden Robert L. , Jin Yue , Kolmer James A. , Chen Ming-Shun , Seabourn Bradford W.
Published: April 2018

‘Langin’ (Reg. No. CV‐1141, PI 678945) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released in August 2016 through a marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at Colorado State University, USDA–ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA, contributed to its development. Langin was developed with the objective of making available a hard red winter wheat cultivar with improved grain yield, end‐use quality, and stripe rust resistance compared with ‘Byrd’ hard red winter wheat. Langin is a doubled haploid cultivar developed using the wheat × maize (Zea mays L.) wide hybridization method from the cross CO050270/Byrd made in 2009 at Fort Collins, CO. Following doubled haploid generation in 2010, Langin was selected at Fort Collins in July 2011, assigned experimental line number CO11D446, and evaluated in yield trials in Colorado and other states in the US hard winter wheat region from 2012 to 2016. The name Langin was chosen in honor of former Colorado State University Extension and Agricultural Experiment Station agronomist Edward J. Langin (1924–2006).
La coppia e l'attaccamento: il ruolo del sostegno percepito all'arrivo del primo figlio
Authors: Castellano Rosetta , Velotti Patrizia , Zavattini Giulio Cesare
Published: April 2018

- This study examines the role of social support in the couples of new-parents and assesses the influence of attachment models on it. The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), the Current Relationship Interview (CRI), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were administered to a sample of 100 participants. Results indicated a perception of social support more pronounced in women, mainly on the dimension of social support derived from the partner. Furthermore, for women and not for men, an association between attachment models to the AAI ("generalized") and the different perceptions of social support was revealed. On the contrary, attachment models to the CRI ("specific") didn't show any significant difference of social support perceived at childbirth.

Key words: generalized attachment, specific attachment, perceived social support, couple, parenthood, received social support

Parole chiave: attaccamento generale, attaccamento specifico, supporto sociale percepito, coppia, genitorialità, supporto sociale ricevuto.
Germination and seedling growth of Sesbania species as influenced by seed size
Authors: Chanda SC , Mridul AM , Sagar A , Sarwar AKMG
Published: April 2018

An experiment was carried out at Plant Systematics Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to find out the effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth of three Sesbania species. Seed size was graded as small (3.1–3.5 mm), medium (3.6–4.0 mm) and large (4.1–4.5 mm); and three Sesbania species viz. S. bispinosa, S. cannabina and S. sesban, were used as experimental materials. The treatments were arranged in factorial experiment laid in completely randomized design having four replications. Though the effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth parameters followed similar trend, significant differences were observed among these three Sesbania species. Medium-sized seed produced the highest percentage of emergence and germination, and large-sized seed produced the highest seedling length, vigour index, and total biomass; although the numerical values did not differ statistically. The small-sized seeds were poor performer in all aspect of germination and seedling growth descriptors. The correlation matrix analyses showed that seed size, both length and/or width, highly correlated with root and seedling length, base diameter, vigour index and biomass yield of Sesbania spp. The medium to large-sized seed sown at relatively higher seed rate could be helpful for higher biomass yield of Sesbania spp. especially at the early growth stages.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 316-322, 2017
The Early Life of Warren Hamilton Lewis (1895–1913)
Authors: King Don W.
Published: April 2018

In the opening pages of C. S. Lewis's autobiography, Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life, he relates a story that explains the genesis of what he calls Sehnsucht. In brief, his brother Warren had constructed a toy garden in the lid of a biscuit tin that called to mind beauty and led him to experience joy. While the impact of this story has long been recognized as marking the central theme in the life and works of C. S. Lewis, what has not been noticed until now is how significant this incident is to the life and works of Warren Lewis (1895–1973). That is, in the making of that toy garden we see the defining mark of Warren's life: an approach that was tactile, practical, and utilitarian. While for Warren's younger brother the toy garden awakened a powerful, nurturing aesthetic sense, for Warren the episode illustrates that he was given to working with things, with objects in the world before him, and with the matters of everyday life. This essay explores Warren early life up until he entered Sandhurst in 1914, with a special focus upon his public school experiences at Wynyard School and Malvern College.
Yeats's Barfieldian Rebellion: Locating Yeats's Synthetic Symbolism in Barfield's Evolution of Consciousness
Authors: McReynolds Clayton
Published: April 2018

In this paper, I draw on Barfield's theory of the evolution of consciousness and language to argue that William Butler Yeats employs language in his poetry in a way which resembles the older, ‘organic’ poetry Barfield describes. I observe how Yeats's ‘concrete’ understanding allowed him to weave a rich web of meaning into his poetry without feeling confined by T.S. Eliot's ‘dissociation of sensibility’. Many of Yeats's Modernist contemporaries struggled to bridge a perceived gap between thought and feeling, but Yeats's view of the world as innately symbolic allowed him to use language both literally and symbolically at once, speaking simultaneously of a literal rock, a symbol for stasis, and an emblem of the idée fixe. Thus, Yeats creates, in Barfield's terms, ‘organic’ poetry where the multilayered meanings arise naturally from Yeats's understanding. I further note how Yeats attempts to create a mythology in A Vision that would function much as Barfield describes mythology operating in ancient, concrete societies. Through this study, I hope to illuminate both the interconnectedness of Yeats's symbolic metaphysic and poetic technique and the relevance of Barfield for understanding Yeats and, perhaps, other poets finding new ways to communicate through an evolving language.
Dimensioning Models of Optical WDM Rings in Xhaul Access Architectures for the Transport of Ethernet/CPRI Traffic
Authors: Eramo Vincenzo , Listanti Marco , Lavacca Francesco G. , Iovanna Paola
Published: April 2018

The Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN) provides a valid solution to overcome the problem of traditional RAN in scaling up to the needed processing resource and quality expected in 5G. The Common Public Rate Interface has been defined to transport traffic flows in C-RAN and recently some market solutions are available. Its disadvantage is to increase by at least 10 times the needed bandwidth and for this reason its introduction will be gradual and will coexist with traditional RAN solutions in which Ethernet traffic is carried towards the radio base stations. In this paper, we propose an Xhaul optical network architecture based on Optical Transport Network (OTN) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technologies. The network allows for a dynamic allocation of the bandwidth resources according to the current traffic demand. The network topology is composed of OTN/DWDM rings and the objective of the paper is to evaluate the best configuration (number of rings and number of wavelengths needed) to both to minimize the cost and to provide an implementable solution. We introduce an analytical model for the evaluation of the number of wavelengths needed in each optical ring and provide some results for 5G case studies. We show how, although the single ring configuration provides the least cost solution due to the high statistical multiplexing advantage, it is not implementable because it needs switching apparatus with a too high number of ports. For this reason, more than one ring is needed and its value depends on several parameters as the offered traffic, the number of Radio Remote Units (RRU), the percentage of business sub-area and so on. Finally, the analytical model allows us to evaluate the advantages of the proposed dynamic resource allocation solution with respect to the static one in which the network is provided with a number of wavelengths determined in the scenario in which the radio station works at full load. The bandwidth saving can be in the order of 90% in a 5G traffic scenario.
2D Materials-Coated Plasmonic Structures for SERS Applications
Authors: Xia Ming
Published: April 2018

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, are new kinds of materials that can serve as substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). When combined with traditional metallic plasmonic structures, the hybrid 2D materials/metal SERS platform brings extra benefits, including higher SERS enhancement factors, oxidation protection of the metal surface, and protection of molecules from photo-induced damages. This review paper gives an overview of recent progress in the 2D materials-coated plasmonic structure in SERS application, focusing on the fabrication of the hybrid 2D materials/metal SERS platform and its applications for Raman enhancement.
KL Divergence-Based Fuzzy Cluster Ensemble for Image Segmentation
Authors: Wei Huiqin , Chen Long , Guo Li
Published: April 2018

Ensemble clustering combines different basic partitions of a dataset into a more stable and robust one. Thus, cluster ensemble plays a significant role in applications like image segmentation. However, existing ensemble methods have a few demerits, including the lack of diversity of basic partitions and the low accuracy caused by data noise. In this paper, to get over these difficulties, we propose an efficient fuzzy cluster ensemble method based on Kullback–Leibler divergence or simply, the KL divergence. The data are first classified with distinct fuzzy clustering methods. Then, the soft clustering results are aggregated by a fuzzy KL divergence-based objective function. Moreover, for image segmentation problems, we utilize the local spatial information in the cluster ensemble algorithm to suppress the effect of noise. Experiment results reveal that the proposed methods outperform many other methods in synthetic and real image-segmentation problems.
A Novel Multicriteria Evaluation of Small-Scale LNG Supply Alternatives: The Case of Greece
Authors: Strantzali Eleni , Aravossis Konstantinos , Livanos Georgios , Chrysanthopoulos Nikos
Published: April 2018

Natural gas as fuel for electricity production has significant advantages, such as the reduction of environmental emissions and the lower operational cost. Due to the flexibility of gas engines, the exploitation of renewable energy sources in an area, can be maximized. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the possibility of LNG supply for sustainable electricity production in insular small-scale electricity systems. A novel multicriteria evaluation model has been developed, based on the methods of Additive Value Model, PROMETHEE and Simos approach. A set of coherent criteria has been selected, that fits perfectly with the demands of this type of problem. The proposed methodology has been implemented in four Greek islands (as they are the most indicative examples and with future perspectives to use natural gas for electricity production) and in one power plant in the mainland (as another typical example of small-scale electricity production). The evaluation process included four supply alternatives that cover the annual fuel demands of the examined regions. The obtaining ranking showed that the development of a network supplying individual small-scale terminals in a roundtrip is preferable, compared to the separate supply of each terminal.
Virtual Inertia Adaptive Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) Wind Power System with Hydrogen Energy Storage
Authors: Yuan Tiejiang , Wang Jinjun , Guan Yuhang , Liu Zheng , Song Xinfu , Che Yong , Cao Wenping
Published: April 2018

This paper presents a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind power system with hydrogen energy storage, with a focus on its virtual inertia adaptive control. Conventionally, a synchronous generator has a large inertia from its rotating rotor, and thus its kinetic energy can be used to damp out fluctuations from the grid. However, DFIGs do not provide such a mechanism as their rotor is disconnected with the power grid, owing to the use of back-to-back power converters between the two. In this paper, a hydrogen energy storage system is utilized to provide a virtual inertia so as to dampen the disturbances and support the grid’s stability. An analytical model is developed based on experimental data and test results show that: (1) the proposed method is effective in supporting the grid frequency; (2) the maximum power point tracking is achieved by implementing this proposed system; and, (3) the DFIG efficiency is improved. The developed system is technically viable and can be applied to medium and large wind power systems. The hydrogen energy storage is a clean and environmental-friendly technology, and can increase the renewable energy penetration in the power network.
Gene Therapy for Chronic HBV—Can We Eliminate cccDNA?
Authors: Bloom Kristie , Maepa Mohube Betty , Ely Abdullah , Arbuthnot Patrick
Published: April 2018

Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health concern and accounts for approximately 1 million deaths annually. Amongst other limitations of current anti-HBV treatment, failure to eliminate the viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and emergence of resistance remain the most worrisome. Viral rebound from latent episomal cccDNA reservoirs occurs following cessation of therapy, patient non-compliance, or the development of escape mutants. Simultaneous viral co-infections, such as by HIV-1, further complicate therapeutic interventions. These challenges have prompted development of novel targeted hepatitis B therapies. Given the ease with which highly specific and potent nucleic acid therapeutics can be rationally designed, gene therapy has generated interest for antiviral application. Gene therapy strategies developed for HBV include gene silencing by harnessing RNA interference, transcriptional inhibition through epigenetic modification of target DNA, genome editing by designer nucleases, and immune modulation with cytokines. DNA-binding domains and effectors based on the zinc finger (ZF), transcription activator-like effector (TALE), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) systems are remarkably well suited to targeting episomal cccDNA. This review discusses recent developments and challenges facing the field of anti-HBV gene therapy, its potential curative significance and the progress towards clinical application.