bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Two Different Concurrent Training Configurations on Markers of Metabolic Syndrome and Fitness in Women With Severe/Morbid Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Delgado-Floody Pedro , Soriano-Maldonado Alberto , Rodríguez-Pérez Manuel A. , Latorre-Román Pedro Ángel , Martínez-Salazar Cristian , Vargas Claudia Andrea , Caamaño-Navarrete Felipe , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , Álvarez Cristian
Published: September 2021

Concurrent training (CT), characterised by combining both aerobic and resistance training modalities within the same session, is recognised to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, but little is known about the effects of different configurations (i.e., order) of these exercise modalities on MetS markers and the interindividual responses. The purpose of the present study was to describe the effects, and the interindividual variability, of 20weeks of two CT configurations (i.e., high intensity interval training (HIIT) plus resistance training (RT), compared with RT plus HIIT) in women with severe/morbid obesity. Overall, 26 women with severe/morbid obesity were assigned either to HIIT+RT [n=14, mean and 95%CI, 45.79 (40.74; 50.83) or RT+HIIT (n=12), 33.6 (25.30; 41.79) years]. MetS-related outcomes were waist circumference (WC, cm), systolic (SBP, mmHg) and diastolic (DBP, mmHg) blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Secondary outcomes were other anthropometrics, body composition, lipids, muscle strength, and the six-minute walk test (6Mwt). There were significant differences in the prevalence of nonresponders (NRs) only for WC comparing HIIT+RT 2 (18.1%) vs. RT+HIIT group 5 (50.0%), p<0.0001, but not for SBP 4 (27.2%) vs. 4 (40.0%), DBP 8 (72.7%) vs. 7 (70.0%), FPG 8 (72.7%) vs. 9 (90.0%), HDL-c 7 (63.6%) vs. 8 (80.0%), and Tg 7 (63.6%) vs. 8 (80.0%), all p>0.05. Additionally, the RT+HIIT group showed significant reductions in WC (∆ –3.84cm, p=0.015), SBP (∆ –8.46mmHg, p=0.040), whereas the HIIT+RT group elicited significant reductions only in SBP (∆ –8.43mmHg, p=0.022). The HIIT+RT promoted a lower prevalence of NRs than the RT+HIIT configuration on WC, and overall, there were slightly more beneficial training-induced effects on markers of MetS in the RT+HIIT group compared to the HIIT+RT group.
Cognitive Motivation as a Resource for Affective Adjustment and Mental Health
Authors: Strobel Alexander , Farkas Aniko , Hoyer Jürgen , Melicherova Ursula , Köllner Volker , Strobel Anja
Published: September 2021

Background: Depressive symptoms compromise cognitive and self-regulating capacities. Overcoming associated deficits (e.g., attentional bias) demands cognitive effort and motivation. Previous studies on healthy individuals have found cognitive motivation to positively relate to self-regulation and negatively to depressive symptoms. A test of these associations in a clinical sample is lacking.

Methods: We assessed cognitive motivation, self-regulation and depressive symptoms by means of well-validated questionnaires in N = 1,060 psychosomatic rehabilitation in-patients before and after treatment. Data were split and analyzed in two steps: We tested previously reported cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of all variables as well as their longitudinal changes in a first sample. Afterward, findings and derived hypotheses were replicated and tested in a second sample.

Results: Analyses of both samples confirmed earlier reports on positive associations between cognitive motivation and self-regulation, and negative associations of both with depressive symptoms. While the change in all variables was predicted by their baseline scores, higher baseline cognitive motivation was found to predict stronger improvements in self-regulation, and lower baseline depression scores to predict smaller changes in cognitive motivation and self-regulation. In addition, the change in cognitive motivation partially mediated the association between the changes in depressive symptoms and self-regulation.

Conclusion: Based on a large longitudinal data set, the present study expands previous findings and suggests a resource allocation model in which decreasing depressive symptoms lead to a release of capacities benefitting self-regulation directly, and indirectly via cognitive motivation.
Paliperidone 3-Month Injection for Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Edinoff Amber N. , Doppalapudi Prithvi K. , Orellana Claudia , Ochoa Caroline , Patti Shelby , Ghaffar Yahya , Cornett Elyse M. , Kaye Aaron J. , Viswanath Omar , Urits Ivan , Kaye Adam M. , Kaye Alan D.
Published: September 2021

Given the typical age onset of schizophrenia, there are tremendous economic and social impacts that extend beyond the person and their families. One critical determinant of the diseases' impact is the patient's adherence to antipsychotic drug treatment. Approved in 2015 for the treatment of schizophrenia, paliperidone palmitate (Invega Trinza, a 3-month injection, noted as PP3M) is a second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication. Among the different formulations offered for palmitate paliperidone, including the 1 and 3-month formulations, the longer duration 3-month formulation was better at preventing relapse in schizophrenic patients. To date, different formulations of palmitate paliperidone that have been studied on relapse episodes of schizophrenia include once-daily extended-release oral paliperidone (ORAL paliperidone), once-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP1M), and once-every-3-months paliperidone palmitate (PP3M). Post-hoc analyses show that patients who were withdrawn from PP1M paliperidone had the least risk of relapse, followed by patients withdrawn from PP3M and patients withdrawn from ORAL paliperidone. PP3M was better at preventing relapse compared to ORAL paliperidone. The results demonstrated that 50% of patients who were withdrawn from ORAL paliperidone, PP1M, or PP3M remained relapse-free for ~2, 6, and 13 months, respectively. Compared to PP1M, PP3M is just as safe and effective and has the added advantage of increased adherence related to a longer dose interval, decreasing the risk of relapse.
Addressing Workforce Disparities by Improving the Academic Resilience and Professionalism of Health Science Students Through Structured and Targeted Supports
Authors: Selameab Tehout , Mason Meghan R.
Published: September 2021

Background: The undergraduate program in Public Health of Saint Catherine University is the second most popular major of the institution, drawing students from diverse racial, economic, cultural, and educational backgrounds. This has presented significant opportunities and challenges with regard to providing students and faculty with the needed academic and professional development to ensure graduates embody the skills needed for Public Health workforce of today. The objective of this study was to identify potential structured institutional supports to graduate Public Health professionals from diverse communities to advance health equity. A secondary objective was to determine whether the needed supports for Public Health students might differ from peers in other health programs, specifically Nursing.

Methods: Using a mixed methods approach and a convenience sample, data were gathered from Public Health students, nursing students, faculty, and staff from November 2019 through July 2020. The survey assessed stress, grit, and demographic factors. Focus group topics included: academic resilience and professionalism, supports and gaps in the current institutional structure with respect to mitigating student stressors, and opportunities for programmatic solutions.

Results: In total, 53 Public Health and 32 in Nursing students completed the survey. Nursing students tended to be farther along in their undergraduate careers, less likely to have failed a class, and more likely to have recently been laid off from a job. Public Health students reported more support from parents, but less support from friends and classmates than their Nursing peers. Most Nursing and Public Health students reported unmanaged stress, and similar average grit scores (3.51 vs. 3.41, p = 0.43), respectively. In focus groups, students described a series of stressors including working full time while attending school, family expectations, difficulty with time management, and learning how to acclimate to college norms. University staff and faculty identified financial pressures as a primary student stressor in addition to complex lives including managing family crises.

Conclusions: Study findings are being used to identify or adapt professional development supports in undergraduate Public Health programs. Through supporting a diverse undergraduate student population in Public Health, a future workforce from communities most impacted by health disparities will emerge.
Brucella suis Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Dogs in Eastern Australia, 2016 to 2019
Authors: Kneipp Catherine C. , Sawford Kate , Wingett Kate , Malik Richard , Stevenson Mark A. , Mor Siobhan M. , Wiethoelter Anke K.
Published: September 2021

Brucella suis is a zoonotic disease of feral pigs that also affects pig hunting dogs, pig hunters, veterinarians and veterinary staff. In recent years the incidence of B. suis in the eastern Australian states of New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (QLD) has increased. A cross-sectional study was conducted to document the seroprevalence, geographical extent and risk factors for B. suis in dogs at-risk of contracting the disease. Eligible dogs were those that were known to hunt or consume feral pig meat. Dogs were enrolled through private veterinary clinics and/or directly by District Veterinarians in six regions of NSW and QLD. Blood was collected by venepuncture and tested for B. suis antibodies using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) followed by a Complement Fixation Test (CFT) if they returned a positive RBT. Owners were invited to complete a questionnaire on the dogs' signalment, husbandry including hunting practices and locations, and any clinical signs referable to brucellosis. Of the 317 dogs included in the prevalence survey, 21 were seropositive returning a survey-adjusted true seroprevalence of 9.3 (95% CI 0.45 to 18) B. suis positive dogs per 100 dogs at-risk. True seroprevalence ranged from 0 to 24 B. suis positive dogs per 100 across eastern Australia, with the highest prevalence in central west NSW and southern QLD. Adjusted for other factors, dogs that shared a household with other seropositive dogs and those that traveled away from their home regions to hunt were more likely to be seropositive. Clinical signs at presentation were not predictive of serostatus, with seropositive and seronegative dogs equally likely to present with signs consistent with brucellosis. The results obtained from this study show that B. suis exposure is relatively common in dogs that have contact with feral pigs, with one in 10 testing seropositive. Further studies are needed to understand the progression and risk of transmission from seropositive dogs.
Growth of Vegetables in an Agroecological Garden-Orchard System: The Role of Spatiotemporal Variations of Microclimatic Conditions and Soil Properties
Authors: Ramananjatovo Toky , Chantoiseau Etienne , Guillermin Pascale , Guénon René , Delaire Mickaël , Buck-Sorlin Gerhard , Cannavo Patrice
Published: September 2021

Garden-orchard systems (GOS) consist in intercropping various vegetables with fruit trees. They are very promising to produce fruits and vegetables in sufficient quantity and of adequate quality while limiting environmental impacts. We assessed the effects of apple trees on the spatiotemporal variations of microclimatic conditions and soil properties, and their influence on the growth of two vegetables (radish and lettuce). We performed measurements on five vegetable beds situated at different distances from apple tree rows (from 1.5 to 5 m). Vegetable beds near the apple trees received on average 8% less radiation. Air temperature near the trees was on average 1.5 °C lower during daytime while air relative humidity was up to 5% higher. Apple trees improved the soil surface properties. Soil organic matter was up to 40% higher in the vegetable beds near the rows whereas soil bulk density was 16% lower, N mineralization was up to two times faster. Mineral N and bulk density were the primary limiting factors for the growth of radish while lettuce growth was mainly affected by microclimate. Our results provide a framework to define a spatial arrangement of GOS that optimize the ecosystem services of fruit trees and, therefore, the productivity of GOS.
Detection of Epistasis for Seed and Some Phytochemical Traits in Coriander under Different Irrigation Regimes
Authors: Hanifei Mehrdad , Mehravi Shaghayegh , Khodadadi Mostafa , Severn-Ellis Anita Alice , Edwards David , Batley Jacqueline
Published: September 2021

Coriander (Coriander sativum L.) is an annual herb mainly cultivated for its seed characteristics. Drought stress is a major problem which affects coriander behaviour through biochemical responses. This study aimed to determine the nature and magnitude of epistasis in inheritance of seed yield (SY), percent of dehulled seed (PODS), percent of seed hulls (POSH), essential oil content (EOC), essential oil yield (EOY), dehulled seed fatty acid content (DSFAC), hull fatty acid content (HFAC), fatty acid content (FAC), and fatty acid yield (FAY), and to estimate additive and dominance variance for the traits not influenced by epistasic effects. Three testers, TN-59-158 (highly drought-susceptible), TN-58-230 (highly drought-tolerant, but low-yielding), and their F1 hybrid were each crossed for six genotypes. The experiment was performed under different levels of water deficit: control (C), moderate water deficit (MWD), and severe water deficit (SWD) conditions. Epistasis affected the expression of SY, EOC, EOY, FAC, and FAY in all water conditions, PODS in C, POSH in SWD, HFAC in MWD, and DSFAC in both C and MWD conditions. Total epistasic effects were partitioned, showing that both [i] and [j + l] type interactions were significant, with a prevalent influence of [i] type interactions on these traits except for POSH and FAC in the SWD condition, which exhibited a higher value of the [j + l] type. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were significant for those traits not significantly affected by epistasis in C, MWD, or SWD conditions. An additive type of gene action was preponderant for PODS in MWD and SWD, POSH in MWD, DSFAC in SWD, and HFAC in C and SWD conditions.
The Effect of the Manure from Sheep Treated with Anthelmintics on Clover (Trifolium pratense)
Authors: Langhansová Lenka , Navrátilová Martina , Skálová Lenka , Moťková Kateřina , Podlipná Radka
Published: September 2021

The anthelmintics (regularly administered to livestock to control the infections caused by parasitic worms) and their metabolites formed in treated animals are excreted to the environment. This contamination might have a negative influence on non-target organisms including plants. Our previous studies described the uptake, metabolism, and effects of anthelmintics in plants using in vitro models exposed to anthelmintic drugs in solutions. The present study was performed in clover grown in soil fertilized with manure from sheep treated with the recommended dose of albendazole (ABZ), ivermectin (IVM), or monepantel (MOP). The uptake and metabolism of drugs in clover were monitored for six weeks using UHPLC-MS/MS, and several stress markers (proline accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes activities) were evaluated. The results showed that ABZ and MOP were absorbed, metabolized, and translocated to leaves, while IVM was detected only in the roots. No or minimal drug-response was observed in monitored stress markers, and only a temporary increase of several antioxidative enzymes activities was observed. Overall, manure from sheep treated with anthelmintics does not evoke chronic stress in clover, but it can cause the entry of anthelmintics in other organisms and the food-chain.
Retrospective Evaluation of a Minor Dietary Change in Non-Diabetic Group-Housed Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Zijlmans Dian G. M. , Maaskant Annemiek , Sterck Elisabeth H. M. , Langermans Jan A. M.
Published: September 2021

Macaques in captivity are prone to becoming overweight and obese, which may cause several health problems. A diet that mimics the natural diet of macaques may prevent these problems and improve animal welfare. Adjusting captive diets towards a more natural composition may include increasing fiber content and lowering the glycemic index, i.e., reducing the impact on blood glucose levels. Such a dietary change was implemented in our long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) breeding colony. The basic diet of monkey chow pellets remained the same, while the supplementary provisioning of bread was replaced by grains and vegetables. This study is a retrospective evaluation, based on electronic health records, that investigated whether this minor dietary change had a beneficial effect on relative adiposity and overweight-related health parameters in 44 non-diabetic, group-housed, female long-tailed macaques. Relative adiposity was measured with a weight-for-height index and blood samples were collected during yearly health checks. Glycemic response and lipid metabolism were evaluated using several biochemical parameters. Relative adiposity and overweight status did not differ after dietary change. Yet, relatively heavy individuals generally lost body weight, while relatively lean individuals gained body weight, leading to a more balanced body weight dynamic. Dietary change did not affect HbA1c and triglyceride levels, while fructosamine and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced. Thus, the minor dietary change had no significant effect on overweight status, but some biochemical parameters related to the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were positively affected. This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating husbandry changes and that critically reviewing husbandry practices can provide valuable insights to improve animal health and welfare.
Initial Liver Copper Status in Finishing Beef Steers Fed Three Dietary Concentrations of Copper Affects Beta Agonist Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Lipolysis Response, and Muscle Inflammation Markers
Authors: Messersmith Elizabeth , Branine Mark , Genther-Schroeder Olivia , McGill Jodi , Hansen Stephanie
Published: September 2021

Ninety-three Angus-crossbred steers (470 ± 35 kg) were assigned to a 3 × 2 factorial to determine the effects of Cu status and beta agonist (BA) on performance, carcass characteristics, lipolytic rate, and muscle inflammation. Factors included Cu supplementation (mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM)) at: 0 (LO), 10 (MED), or 20 (HI) from Cu amino acid complex (Availa Cu; Zinpro) with no BA (NoRAC) or 300 mg·steer−1·day−1 of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC; Optaflexx; Elanco) for final 28 days of 88-day trial. Linear and quadratic effects of Cu status within BA treatment were tested. Pre-BA gain was not affected by Cu supplementation (p ≥ 0.57), although day 53 liver Cu quadratically increased (p = 0.01). Average daily gain and muscle IL-8 gene expression quadratically increased (p ≤ 0.01), with MED having greatest gain and gene expression. Ribeye area tended to quadratically increase with Cu supplementation within RAC (p = 0.08). In vitro basal lipolytic rate tended to quadratically increase with Cu supplementation within RAC (p = 0.11), while stimulated lipolytic rate tended to linearly increase within NoRAC (p = 0.10). These data suggest lipolysis and the BA response of steers are influenced by dietary and liver Cu concentrations.
Interactions in Augmented and Mixed Reality: An Overview
Authors: Papadopoulos Theofilos , Evangelidis Konstantinos , Kaskalis Theodore H. , Evangelidis Georgios , Sylaiou Stella
Published: September 2021

“Interaction” represents a critical term in the augmented and mixed reality ecosystem. Today, in mixed reality environments and applications, interaction occupies the joint space between any combination of humans, physical environment, and computers. Although interaction methods and techniques have been extensively examined in recent decades in the field of human-computer interaction, they still should be reidentified in the context of immersive realities. The latest technological advancements in sensors, processing power and technologies, including the internet of things and the 5G GSM network, led to innovative and advanced input methods and enforced computer environmental perception. For example, ubiquitous sensors under a high-speed GSM network may enhance mobile users’ interactions with physical or virtual objects. As technological advancements emerge, researchers create umbrella terms to define their work, such as multimodal, tangible, and collaborative interactions. However, although they serve their purpose, various naming trends overlap in terminology, diverge in definitions, and lack modality and conceptual framework classifications. This paper presents a modality-based interaction-oriented diagram for researchers to position their work and defines taxonomy ground rules to expand and adjust this diagram when novel interaction approaches emerge.
Experimental Campaign to Verify the Suitability of Ultrasound Testing Method for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Fortification Structures
Authors: Zezulová Eva , Hasilová Kamila , Dvořák Petr , Dubec Branislav , Komárková Tereza , Štoller Jiří
Published: September 2021

Fortification structures, both military and civilian, are designed to resist a blast explosion to some extent. Their technical condition after a blast load must be assessed in a fast and reliable way to enable the users’ decision about the future use of the structure. Preferably, for the assessment of the protective structure, the non-destructive testing method should be used. To assess the suitability of ultrasound testing method for fortification structures built from steel fiber reinforced concrete, an investigation in a laboratory and in situ was conducted, together with numerical simulation and statistical evaluation. The numerical simulation of the blast load of a steel fiber reinforced concrete slab was conducted using multiphysics simulation software with the aim to verify basic parameters of the field experiment. During the field tests, several slabs were loaded by plastic explosive and changes in the structure of the slabs, before and after the blast load, were examined using the ultrasound pass-through method. After the field tests, the slabs were subjected to a destructive laboratory test to determine their residual strength. Subsequently, the data sets obtained from the measurements were tested using functional data analysis. The results from the ultrasound pulse method show that specimens after a dynamic blast load can in some cases increase the strength of their cement matrix.
SPIN: A Blockchain-Based Framework for Sharing COVID-19 Pandemic Information across Nations
Authors: Alabdulkarim Yazeed , Alameer Abdulmajeed , Almukaynizi Mohammed , Almaslukh Abdulaziz
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many countries around the globe to put strict policies and measures in place in an attempt to control the rapid spread of the virus. These measures have affected economic activities and have impacted a broad range of businesses, such as international traveling, restaurants, and shopping malls. As COVID-19 vaccination efforts progress, countries are starting to relax international travel constraints and permit passengers from certain destinations to cross the border. Moreover, travelers from those destinations are likely required to provide certificates of vaccination results or negative COVID-19 tests before crossing the borders. Implementing these travel guidelines requires sharing information between countries, such as the number of COVID-19 cases and vaccination certificates for travelers. In this paper, we introduce SPIN, a framework leveraging a permissioned blockchain for sharing COVID-19 information between countries. This includes public data, such as the number of vaccinated people, and private data, such as vaccination certificates for individuals. Additionally, we employ cancelable fingerprint templates to authenticate private information about travelers. We analyze the framework from scalability, efficiency, security, and privacy perspectives. To validate our framework, we provide a prototype implementation using the Hyperledger Fabric platform.
The Intake of Pain Medication among Dentists and Dental Assistants with Musculoskeletal Disorders in Germany
Authors: Haas Yvonne , Naser Antonia , Wanke Eileen M. , Haenel Jasmin , Fraeulin Laura , Holzgreve Fabian , Erbe Christina , Betz Werner , Brueggmann Doerthe , Nienhaus Albert , Groneberg David A. , Ohlendorf Daniela
Published: September 2021

Background: Dentists (Ds) and dental assistants (DAs) have a high lifetime prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In this context, it is assumed that they have an increased intake of substances such as pain medication. Currently, there exist no data on the use of medication among Ds and DAs with MSDs in Germany. Methods: The online questionnaire (i.e., the Nordic Questionnaire) analysed the medical therapies used by 389 Ds (240 f/149 m) and 406 DAs (401 f/5 m) to treat their MSDs. Results: Ds (28.3–11.5%) and DAs (29.4–10.3%) with MSDs took medication depending on the affected body region. A trend between the Ds and DAs in the intake of drug therapy and the frequency was found for the neck region (Ds: 21.1%, DAs: 28.7%). A single medication was taken most frequently (Ds: 60.0–33.3%, DAs: 71.4–27.3%). The frequency of use varied greatly for both occupational groups depending on the region affected. Conclusion: Ds and DAs perceived the need for medical therapies because of their MSDs. Painkillers such as ibuprofen and systemic diclofenac were the medications most frequently taken by both occupational groups. The intake of pain killers, most notably for the neck, should prevent sick leave.
Modeling of Metabolic Equivalents (METs) during Moderate Resistance Training Exercises
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Lai Chien-Hung , Wu Chun-Wei , Kang Jiunn-Horng , Liou Jian-Chiun , Chen Hung-Chou , Lin Bor-Shing , Hong Meng-Jyun , Feng Chun-Ta , Peng Chih-Wei
Published: September 2021

Energy expenditure through metabolic equivalent (MET) prediction during resistance exercises in humans can be modeled by using cardiorespiratory parameters. In this study, we aimed to predict MET during six moderate-intensity resistance training sessions consisting of three different exercises. Eleven participants were recruited into two groups; an untrained (n = 5; with no resistance training experience) and a trained group (n = 6; with 2 months resistance training experience). Each participant completed six training sessions separated with a rest interval of 1–2 days. While wearing a mask for indirect calorimetric measurements using Cortex Metalyzer 3B, each participant performed training sessions consisting of three types of dumbbell exercises: shoulder press, deadlift, and squat. The metabolic equivalents (METs), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood lactate (BL), and Borg rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. The MET was predicted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) for repeated measure data collected during exercise and rest periods. It was observed that during exercise period, RER, HR, SBP, and BL for the training group (QIC = 187, 95% CI = −0.012~0.915, p = 0.000*~0.033*) while RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE (QIC = 48, 95% CI = −0.024~0.422, p = 0.000*~0.002*) during resting period for untrained group significantly predicted MET for moderate-intensity interval resistance training. It is concluded that the cardiorespiratory variables are significantly related to MET. During exercise, RER and HR significantly predicted MET for both groups along with additional parameters of SBP and BL for the training group. While during the resting period, RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE related significantly for untrained and BL for training group respectively.
Analysis of the Microbial Intestinal Tract in Broiler Chickens during the Rearing Period
Authors: Stamilla Alessandro , Ruiz-Ruiz Susana , Artacho Alejandro , Pons Javier , Messina Antonino , Lucia Randazzo Cinzia , Caggia Cinzia , Lanza Massimiliano , Moya Andrés
Published: September 2021

Gut microbiota contributes to animal health. However, identifying which microorganisms or associated functions are involved remains, still, difficult to assess. In the present study, the microbiota of healthy broiler chickens, under controlled diet and farm conditions, was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in four intestine segments and at four ages. In detail, 210 Ross-308 male chickens were raised according to the EU guidelines and fed on a commercial diet. The duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and caecum microbiota were analyzed at 11, 24, 35, and 46 days of life. Although the microbial composition was revealed as homogeneous 11 days after chicks hatched, it was found to be similar in the proximal intestine segments and different in ileum and caecum, where almost the same genera and species were detected with different relative abundances. Although changes during the later growth stage were revealed, each genus remained relatively unchanged. Lactobacillus mostly colonized the upper tract of the intestine, whereas the Escherichia/Shigella genus the ileum. Clostridium and Bacteroides genera were predominant in the caecum, where the highest richness of bacterial taxa was observed. We also analyze and discuss the predicted role of the microbiota for each intestine segment and its potential involvement in nutrient digestion and absorption.
Passive Energy-Saving Optimal Design for Rural Residences of Hanzhong Region in Northwest China Based on Performance Simulation and Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Shao Teng , Zheng Wuxing , Cheng Zheng
Published: September 2021

The rural residences of Northwest China are characterized by a state of high energy consumption and low comfort due to the limited economic level and awareness of energy-saving compared with the urban residences. To remedy this, appropriate passive design strategies should be adopted first, in order to provide a design mode with low energy consumption and low cost for rural residences under the premise of thermal comfort. In this paper, taking Hanzhong region (Shaanxi Province, China) as an example, we establish a benchmark model based on a field survey and develop an optimization process by combining EnergyPlus simulation software, the MOBO optimization engine, and weighted sum method. The action mechanisms of passive design parameters, including the building orientation, length–width ratio, building envelope parameters, external shading system, and window–wall ratio, on heating, cooling, and total energy consumption are analyzed, and the quantitative relationships between single-parameter and energy consumption are established. Then, the mutually restricted indices of total energy consumption and initial investment cost are taken as optimization objectives, and 17 design parameters are selected as the optimization variables. The NSGA-II algorithm is adopted to conduct the multi-parameter, multi-objective optimization design for rural houses in Hanzhong area, through coupling of the EnergyPlus and MOBO software. In this way, Pareto solutions are obtained and the value distributions of the multi-objectives and design parameters are analyzed. Based on the actual requirements of decision-makers and using the weight method, three design schemes focusing on different performance tendencies are proposed. The results indicate that by using the proposed optimization process, the building energy consumption can be significantly reduced while taking initial investment costs into account, where the energy-saving rate is in the range of 31.9–61.5%. When the EC/IC ratio is 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2, the energy-saving rate can reach 51.5%, 57.8%, and 43.5%, respectively. It can provide a beneficial pattern for the energy-saving design and renovation of rural residences in Hanzhong area of China.
Ductility of Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Rebars
Authors: Renić Tvrtko , Kišiček Tomislav
Published: September 2021

Concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars have greater durability than standard steel reinforced elements. The main disadvantage of using FRP rebars is the low ductility of elements which may be unacceptable in certain situations. There are several different ways of increasing the ductility of concrete elements, which are analyzed in this paper. They are compared based on efficiency, influence on durability and ease of construction. Less analyzed and tested methods are given more attention to try and expand the current knowledge and possibilities. For methods that lack experimental data, theoretical analysis is undertaken to assess the possible influence of that method on the increase in ductility. Ductility was obtained by calculating bending moment–curvature diagrams of cross sections for different reinforcement layouts. One method that lacks experimental data is confining the compressive area of beams with tensile FRP reinforcement. Theoretical analysis showed that confining the compressive area of concrete can significantly increase the ductility and bending capacity of beams. Since experimental data of beams reinforced with FRP rebars in tension and confined compressive area is sparse, some suggestions on the possible test setups are given to validate this theoretical analysis. Concrete beams reinforced with FRP can be detailed in such a way that they have sufficient ductility, but additional experimental research is needed.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Bladder Cancer: Biological Role, Impact on Therapeutic Response and Perspectives for Immunotherapy
Authors: Leblond Marine M. , Zdimerova Hana , Desponds Emma , Verdeil Grégory
Published: September 2021

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant infiltrating immune cells of solid tumors. Despite their possible dual role, i.e., pro- or anti-tumoral, there is considerable evidence showing that the accumulation of TAMs promotes tumor progression rather than slowing it. Several strategies are being developed and clinically tested to target these cells. Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common cancers, and despite heavy treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the overall patient survival for advanced BCa is still poor. TAMs are present in bladder tumors and play a significant role in BCa development. However, few investigations have analyzed the effect of targeting TAMs in BCa. In this review, we focus on the importance of TAMs in a cancerous bladder, their association with patient outcome and treatment efficiency as well as on how current BCa treatments impact these cells. We also report different strategies used in other cancer types to develop new immunotherapeutic strategies with the aim of improving BCa management through TAMs targeting.
Determinants of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wattenberg Max M. , Reiss Kim A.
Published: September 2021

Pancreatic cancer is a treatment-resistant malignancy associated with high mortality. However, defective homologous recombination (HR), a DNA repair mechanism required for high-fidelity repair of double-strand DNA breaks, is a therapeutic vulnerability. Consistent with this, a subset of patients with pancreatic cancer show unique tumor responsiveness to HR-dependent DNA damage triggered by certain treatments (platinum chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors). While pathogenic mutations in HR genes are a major driver of this sensitivity, another layer of diverse tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulate the HR deficiency (HRD) phenotype. Defining the mechanisms that drive HRD may guide the development of novel strategies and therapeutics to induce treatment sensitivity in non-HRD tumors. Here, we discuss the complexity underlying HRD in pancreatic cancer and highlight implications for identifying and treating this distinct subset of patients.
Nanocatalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel: Modern Solutions and the Perspectives of Application in Hybrid Chemical-Biocatalytic Processes
Authors: Maslova Olga , Senko Olga , Akopyan Argam , Lysenko Sergey , Anisimov Alexander , Efremenko Elena
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the current advantages and disadvantages of using metal-containing nanocatalysts (NCs) for deep chemical oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of liquid fuels are reviewed. A similar analysis is performed for the oxidative biodesulfurization of oil along the 4S-pathway, catalyzed by various aerobic bacterial cells of microorganisms. The preferences of using NCs for the oxidation of organic sulfur-containing compounds in various oil fractions seem obvious. The text discusses the development of new chemical and biocatalytic approaches to ODS, including the use of both heterogeneous NCs and anaerobic microbial biocatalysts that catalyze the reduction of chemically oxidized sulfur-containing compounds in the framework of methanogenesis. The addition of anaerobic biocatalytic stages to the ODS of liquid fuel based on NCs leads to the emergence of hybrid technologies that improve both the environmental characteristics and the economic efficiency of the overall process. The bioconversion of sulfur-containing extracts from fuels with accompanying hydrocarbon residues into biogas containing valuable components for the implementation of C-1 green chemistry processes, such as CH4, CO2, or H2, looks attractive for the implementation of such a hybrid process.
Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation and Reparative Dentin Formation in Dental Pulp Cells
Authors: Ipposhi Keita , Tomokiyo Atsushi , Ono Taiga , Yamashita Kozue , Alhasan Muhammad Anas , Hasegawa Daigaku , Hamano Sayuri , Yoshida Shinichiro , Sugii Hideki , Itoyama Tomohiro , Ogawa Marina , Maeda Hidefumi
Published: September 2021

Direct pulp capping is an effective treatment for preserving dental pulp against carious or traumatic pulp exposure via the formation of protective reparative dentin by odontoblast-like cells. Reparative dentin formation can be stimulated by several signaling molecules; therefore, we investigated the effects of secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) 1 that was reported to be strongly expressed in odontoblasts of newborn molar tooth germs on odontoblastic differentiation and reparative dentin formation. In developing rat incisors, cells in the dental pulp, cervical loop, and inner enamel epithelium, as well as ameloblasts and preodontoblasts, weakly expressed Sfrp1; however, Sfrp1 was strongly expressed in mature odontoblasts. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) showed stronger expression of SFRP1 compared with periodontal ligament cells and gingival cells. SFRP1 knockdown in hDPCs abolished calcium chloride-induced mineralized nodule formation and odontoblast-related gene expression and decreased BMP-2 gene expression. Conversely, SFRP1 stimulation enhanced nodule formation and expression of BMP-2. Direct pulp capping treatment with SFRP1 induced the formation of a considerable amount of reparative dentin that has a structure similar to primary dentin. Our results indicate that SFRP1 is crucial for dentinogenesis and is important in promoting reparative dentin formation in response to injury.
Highly Conductive Ceramics with Multiple Types of Mobile Charge Carriers
Authors: Wachowski Sebastian , Gauthier Gilles , Lee Jong-Sook , Ricote Sandrine
Published: September 2021

Functional ceramic materials are of interest in many applications due to their structural and chemical richness and the huge range of physical properties that can be generated and modified by the control of the former (electrical conductivity, thermo-mechanical properties, dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric properties, etc [...]
The Past, Present, and Future of Economic Evaluations of Precision Medicine at the Committee for Economic Analyses of the Canadian Cancer Trials Group
Authors: Chan Kelvin K. W. , Cheung Matthew C. , Regier Dean A. , Hay Annette , Louie Alexander V. , Cheung Winson Y. , Tarride Jean-Eric , Udayakumar Suji , Mittmann Nicole
Published: September 2021

Precision medicine in oncology poses unique challenges to the generation of clinical and economic evidence used for cost-effectiveness analyses that can inform health technology assessment. The conduct of randomized controlled trials for biomarker-specific therapies targeted towards small populations has limitations in regard to feasibility, timeliness, and cost. These limitations result in associated challenges for groups involved in the generation of economic evidence to inform treatment-related decision making, including the Committee of Economic Analysis (CEA) at the Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG). We provide a high-level description and vision about the new paradigm of clinical trial design, generation of economic evidence, and novel approaches to economic evaluations necessary in the space of precision medicine in oncology in Canada. The CEA’s previous approach to precision medicine, including master protocol designs and single-arm studies, is reviewed. Methods and approaches currently under consideration by the CEA and national collaborators, such as the role of real-world and clinical trial evidence in enabling life-cycle assessment of therapies, are explored. Finally, future initiatives being planned in the space of precision medicine at CCTG, such as the incorporation of correlative studies to identify and test high-performing biomarkers in trials, are discussed.
PTH after Thyroidectomy as a Predictor of Post-Operative Hypocalcemia
Authors: Metere Alessio , Biancucci Andrea , Natili Andrea , Intini Gianfrancesco , Graves Claire E.
Published: September 2021

Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is a frequent complication with significant morbidity, and has been shown to increase hospital stay and readmission rates. The evaluation of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels after thyroidectomy represents a reliable method to predict post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia, but it remains infrequently used. This retrospective study investigates serum PTH values 3 h after thyroidectomy as a predictor of hypocalcemia. In this study, we enrolled 141 patients aged between 27 and 71 years eligible for total thyroidectomy who presented with multinodular goiter, suspicious nodule on cytological examination, Graves’ disease, or toxic multinodular goiter. Three hours after total thyroidectomy, 53 patients (37.6%) showed a reduction in serum PTH. Of these patients 75.5% developed hypocalcemia by 24 h after surgery and 100% were hypocalcemic after 48 h (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference attributable to the different thyroid diseases, nor to the age of the patients. PTH at 3 h after total thyroidectomy accurately predicts post-operative hypocalcemia. The early detection of patients at risk of developing post-operative hypocalcemia allows for prompt supplementation of calcium and Vitamin D in order to prevent symptoms and allows for a safe and timely discharge.
Vocabulary in English Language Learning, Teaching, and Testing in Vietnam: A Review
Authors: Vu Duy Van , Peters Elke
Published: September 2021

This review paper aims to provide an overview of vocabulary in English language learning, teaching, and testing in Vietnam. First, we review studies on the vocabulary knowledge of Vietnamese EFL learners. Recent research evaluating different aspects of vocabulary knowledge shows that Vietnamese EFL learners generally have limited knowledge of both single words and formulaic language. Next, we discuss contemporary approaches to teaching vocabulary in Vietnam to reveal current issues and provide relevant recommendations. Empirical studies on Vietnamese EFL learners’ vocabulary acquisition are also discussed with an aim to shed light on how vocabulary can be acquired by Vietnamese EFL learners and subsequently draw important pedagogical implications. In addition, we look into the lexical component of high-stakes English tests in Vietnam, calling for more attention to the lexical profiles and lexical coverage of those tests. Finally, we provide concluding remarks and research-informed recommendations for EFL vocabulary learning and teaching in Vietnam to elaborate on how vocabulary can be effectively learned and taught.
A Deeper Assessment of ω3-Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Management. Comment on Regidor et al. Chronic Inflammation in PCOS: The Potential Benefits of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) in the Improvement of the Resolutive Response. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 384
Authors: Unfer Vittorio
Published: September 2021

I have read with great interest the article recently published by Regidor et al. [...]
Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated with More Severe Histological Glomerulosclerosis in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Choi Won Jung , Hong Yu Ah , Min Ji Won , Koh Eun Sil , Kim Hyung Duk , Ban Tae Hyun , Kim Young Soo , Kim Yong Kyun , Shin Seok Joon , Kim Seok Young , Yang Chul Woo , Chang Yoon-Kyung
Published: September 2021

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally well-known primary glomerular nephropathy. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one factor contributing to atherosclerosis and is a common complication of renal failure. HTG is a significant risk factor for decreased renal function in patients with IgAN. We evaluated the association of HTG with the histopathological features of IgAN patients. A total of 480 patients diagnosed with IgAN via kidney biopsy from eight university hospitals affiliated with the College of Medicine of the Catholic University of Korea were included in the final cohort. Pathological features were evaluated by eight expert pathologists with hospital consensus. HTG was defined as a serum triglyceride (TG) level of ≥150 mg/dL. In the study population analysis, the HTG group was older, with more males; higher body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and spot urine protein ratio; and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In the lipid profile analysis, eGFR was negatively correlated with TGs/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). Proteinuria positively correlated with TGs/HDL, non-HDL/HDL, LDL/HDL, TyG, TGs and LDL. The percentages of global sclerosis (GS), segmental sclerosis (SS) and capsular adhesion (CA), and the scores for mesangial matrix expansion (MME) and mesangial cell proliferation (MCP), were more elevated in the HTG group compared to the normal TG group. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the percentages of global sclerosis, segmental sclerosis and capsular adhesion, as well as the scores for mesangial matrix expansion and mesangial cell proliferation, were positively associated with TG level. In binary logistic regression, the HTG group showed a higher risk for global sclerosis and segmental sclerosis. In conclusion, HTG is a significant risk factor for glomerulosclerosis in IgAN.
Management of Pleural Effusion Secondary to Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Musso Valeria , Diotti Cristina , Palleschi Alessandro , Tosi Davide , Aiolfi Alberto , Mendogni Paolo
Published: September 2021

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive pleural tumour which has been epidemiologically linked to occupational exposure to asbestos. MPM is often associated with pleural effusion, which is a common cause of morbidity and whose management remains a clinical challenge. In this review, we analysed the literature regarding the diagnosis and therapeutic options of pleural effusion secondary to mesothelioma. Our aim was to provide a comprehensive view on this subject, and a new algorithm was proposed as a practical aid to clinicians dealing with patients suffering from pleural effusion.