bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Intelligent Rebalancing Management Method for Multiperiod and Multiobjective Bike-Sharing System Based on Machine Learning-Enabled Signal Processing Techniques
Authors: Cao Jianhua , Xu Weixiang
Published: January 2022

With the rapid development of information technology, the sharing economy has developed rapidly all over the world as a new mode of distributing business profit, among which the bike-sharing system (BSS) has become popular in many cities because of its low cost, convenience, and environmental protection. The application of the 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G) in BSS makes users to search the bikes more accurately and quickly and enables operators to spot noncompliant bike sharing as soon as possible, significantly improving the efficiency of bike-sharing management. However, one of the thorny issues for operators is the bike-sharing rebalancing problem (BRP). It is the key to improve the efficiency of rebalancing, reduce the rebalancing cost, and realize the sustainable development of BSS on how to excavate the huge amount of customer cycling data, respond quickly to customer demand, and use intelligence optimization algorithm to rebalance bikes among stations. However, most of the previous studies dealt with only one period BRP and rarely considered multiperiod issues. At the same time, most researches have focused on minimizing the total cost or time of rebalancing or customer dissatisfaction, but few have aimed at minimizing the rebalancing amount. In addition, the demand gap can reflect the real rental and returning requirements of customers over a certain period of time, which is rarely considered in solving BRP. First of all, this paper presents a multiperiod and multiobjective bike-sharing rebalancing problem (MMBRP). Secondly, a mathematical model is formulated with the objective of minimizing both the total rebalancing cost and amount. In order to solve MMBRP, an improved multiobjective backtracking search genetic algorithm (IMBSGA) is designed. Finally, the effectiveness and competitiveness of IMBSGA in solving MMBRP are verified by numerous experiments comparing with state-of-the-art algorithms.
Network Multimedia Table Tennis Teaching Design Based on Embedded Microprocessor
Authors: Qi Rong , Li Rongzhi
Published: January 2022

Multimedia technology and network technology have been rapidly developed. Embedded Micro Processor Unit (MPU) is a processor with a data width of more than 32 bits, which has relatively high performance and high price. Different from the traditional general-purpose computer, due to the limitation of system size and power consumption, the embedded microprocessor only retains related functions. Embedded processors currently mainly include Am186/88, PowerPC, MIPS, ARM, and other mainstream series, among which ARM occupies the main market share. Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) is a variety of teaching activities carried out under the assistance of computers, discussing the teaching content. The implementation of computer-assisted teaching has followed the pace of China’s education system reform. As far as teaching is concerned, it has not only caused changes in the environment and teaching methods, but most importantly, it has brought about the renewal of educational thoughts and concepts, especially a series of changes in the educational system, methods, and content. This article is based on educational theory, educational planning theory, and educational psychology theory, starting from the integration of network multimedia and table tennis course learning, grasping the teaching characteristics of table tennis course, doing detailed demand analysis and system design, and making full use of advanced information technology that has created a table tennis multimedia network teaching platform. This article discusses the design, development, and application research of the network multimedia table tennis teaching system based on the embedded microprocessor through teaching experiments. Based on the network multimedia table tennis, the network multimedia teaching, extension of the system to other physical education teaching provides suggestions and references and explores the future development direction of the network multimedia teaching system through teaching methods. The experiment proves that each test score of the experimental group is tested by a pair of samples, indicating that the application of the platform increases the communication channels and knowledge acquisition; the method facilitates the management of teachers in teaching and improves the degree of informatization of course teaching.
Semiconductor Polymer Carbon Composite Coated Fabric for Warm Beds in Hospital
Authors: Sasikala G. , Mahalakshmi V. , Srihari K. , Loganathan Raja , Jaikumar R. , Rajasekaran ArunSekar , Shanmuganathan V. K. , Santhosh K. , Sumanth Sama , Sundramurthy Venkatesa Prabhu
Published: January 2022

Patients suffering from diseases that occur due to spreading of virus like fever and cold will have decrease in body temperature. They feel cold in the normal body and room temperature conditions. For the comfort of these patients, an electric under blanket is designed which warms up the patient to maintain the normal body temperature. The heated under body supports include a heater assembly and a layer of compressible support material. The heater assembly includes a flexible heating element, multiplex polyester, and a temperature sensor. The flexible heater element may include a fabric, which coated with a conductive or semiconductive polymer. The heated under body support may also include a water resistant shell, whereas it may encase the heater assembly and the compressible support material. The material used for outer shell and inner heating element has simulated in COMSOL tool for analyzing the heat transfer between them. The proto type model has simulated in PROTEUS software, which includes Arduino UNO and thermistor. This analysis will give the result whether the material can be used as the under garment for warming the patient.
A Novel Method for Identifying Parkin Binding Agents in Complex Preparations of Herbal Medicines
Authors: Li Feng-Jiao , Zhang Fan , He Xu-Dong , Liu Xin , Mu Jian-Kang , Yang Min , Li Yan-Qin , Gu Wen , Yu Jie , Yang Xing-Xin
Published: January 2022

Parkin is a crucial E3 ubiquitin ligase for initiating mitophagy through the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Regulating the expression and activity of parkin can remedy mitophagy and human disease. We developed an efficient method to isolate natural parkin ligands from herbal medicines by combining centrifugal ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The heterologous expression technology identified functionally active and pure parkin proteins. After evaluating the reliability of the method using DL-selenomethionine and DL-dithiothreitol as positive controls, this method was successfully applied to capture parkin ligands from Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. LC/MS identified seven novel parkin-targeting compounds, namely, 7,4

′

-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(γ, γ-dimethylallyl)-flavanone, kushenol I, kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G, torachrysone-8-O-glucoside, apigenin, and emodin, supported by the molecular docking analysis. Five of the seven novel compounds (kushenol I, kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G, apigenin, and emodin) can activate parkin in in vitro autoubiquitination assays. Meanwhile, kushenol I and kurarinone had antisteatosis activity in fat emulsion-damaged human hepatocytes. These results confirmed the effectiveness of the method for identifying parkin ligands from complex preparations, useful to advance drug discovery from medicinal herbs.
On the Fault Tolerant Partition Resolvability of Toeplitz Networks
Authors: Nadeem Asim , Kashif Agha , Aljaedi Amer , Zafar Sohail
Published: January 2022

In any interconnection network, fault tolerance is the most desirable property to achieve reliability. Toeplitz networks are used as interconnection networks due their smaller diameter, symmetry, simpler routing, high connectivity, and reliability. The partition dimension of a network is presented as an extension of metric dimension of networks. Its applications can be seen in several areas including robot navigation, network designing, image processing, and chemistry. In this article, the fault tolerant partition dimension,

pd

2

T

n

1
,
t

, of Toeplitz networks, is shown to be bounded below by 4 for

t
≥
2
,
n
≥
4

, whereas it is bounded above by 5 for

t
=
3
,
n
≥
14

. Further, it is shown that the exact value of

pd

2

T

n

1
,
t

equals 4 for

t
=
2
,
n
≥
4

;

t
=
3
,
n
∈

5,6
,
…
,
13

; and

t
≥
4
,
n
∈

t
+
2
,
t
+
3
,
t
+
4

.
Research on Music Style Classification Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Wei , Sohail Mishal
Published: January 2022

Music style is one of the important labels for music classification, and the current music style classification methods extract features such as rhythm and timbre of music and use classifiers to achieve classification. The classification accuracy is not only affected by the classifier but also limited by the effect of music feature extraction, which leads to poor classification accuracy and stability. In response to the abovementioned defects, a deep-learning-based music style classification method will be studied. The music signal is framed using filters and Hamming windows, and the MFCC coefficient features of music are extracted by discrete Fourier transform. A convolutional recurrent neural network structure combining CNN and RNN is designed and trained to determine the parameters to achieve music style classification. Analysis of the simulation experimental data shows that the classification accuracy of the studied classification method is at least 93.3%, and the classification time overhead is significantly reduced, the classification results are stable, and the results are reliable.
Heat and Mass Transfer of the Darcy‐Forchheimer Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Flow due to an Extending Curved Surface
Authors: Gohar  , Khan Tahir Saeed , Sene Ndolane , Mouldi Abir , Brahmia Ameni
Published: January 2022

The current paper describes a Darcy‐Forchheimer flow of Casson hybrid nanofluid through an incessantly expanding curved surface. Darcy‐Forchheimer influence expresses the viscous fluid flow in the porous medium. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a cylindrical form and iron‐oxide are utilized to make hybrid nanofluids. Using Karman’s scaling, the principal equations are rearranged to nondimensional ordinary differential equations. The “Homotopy analysis method” is used to further build up the analytic arrangement of modeled equations. The impact of flow variables on the velocity and temperature profiles has been tabulated and explained. The flow velocity is raised when both the curvature and volume fraction parameters are elevated. The temperature and velocity profiles exhibit the opposite tendency when the Forchheimer number is increased, since the fluid velocity decreases while the energy profile grows. The addition of CNTs and iron nanocomposites improves the thermophysical characteristics of the base fluid significantly. The obtained consequences show that hybrid nanofluids are more efficient to improve the heat transfer rate. Using CNTs and nanomaterials in the base fluid to control the coolant level in industrial equipment is a wonderful idea.
Examination of Machining Parameters and Prediction of Cutting Velocity and Surface Roughness Using RSM and ANN Using WEDM of Altemp HX
Authors: Manoj I. V. , Soni Hargovind , Narendranath S. , Mashinini P. M. , Kara Fuat
Published: January 2022

The Altemp HX is a nickel-based superalloy having many applications in chemical, nuclear, aerospace, and marine industries. Machining such superalloys is challenging as it may cause both tool and surface damage. WEDM, a non-contact machining technique, can be employed in the machining of such alloys. In the present study, different input parameters which include pulse on time, wire span, and servo gap voltage were investigated. The cutting velocity, surface roughness, recast layer, and microhardness variations were examined on the WEDMed surface. The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the cutting velocity and surface roughness, thereby improving the overall quality of the product. The highest recast layer values were recorded as 25.8 µm, and the lowest microhardness was 170 HV. Response surface methodology and artificial neural network were employed for the prediction of cutting velocity and surface roughness. Artificial neural network prediction technique was the most efficient method for the prediction of response parameters as it predicted an error percentage lesser than 6%.
Dental Radiographic/Digital Radiography Technology along with Biological Agents in Human Identification
Authors: Yazdanian Mohsen , Karami Shahryar , Tahmasebi Elahe , Alam Mostafa , Abbasi Kamyar , Rahbar Mahdi , Tebyaniyan Hamid , Ranjbar Reza , Seifalian Alexander , Yazdanian Alireza
Published: January 2022

The heavy casualties associated with mass disasters necessitate substantial resources to be managed. The unexpectedly violent nature of such occurrences usually remains a problematic amount of victims that urgently require to be identified by a reliable and economical method. Conventional identification methods are inefficient in many cases such as plane crashes and fire accidents that have damaged the macrobiometric features such as fingerprints or faces. An appropriate recognition method for such cases should use features more resistant to destruction. Forensic dentistry provides the most appropriate available method for the successful identification of victims using careful techniques and precise data interpretation. Since bones and teeth are the most persistent parts of the demolished bodies in sudden mass disasters, scanning and radiographs are unrepeatable parts of forensic dentistry. Forensic dentistry as a scientific method of human remain identification has been considerably referred to be efficient in disasters. Forensic dentistry can be used for either “sex and age estimation,” “Medical biotechnology techniques,” or “identification with dental records,” etc. The present review is aimed at discussing the development and implementation of forensic dentistry methods for human identification. For this object, the literature from the last decade has been searched for the innovations in forensic dentistry for human identification based on the PubMed database.
A Lightweight Dangerous Liquid Detection Method Based on Depthwise Separable Convolution for X-Ray Security Inspection
Authors: Liu Dongming , Liu Jianchang , Yuan Peixin , Yu Feng
Published: January 2022

For personal safety and crime prevention, some research studies based on deep learning have achieved success in the object detection of X-ray security inspection. However, the research on dangerous liquid detection is still scarce, and most research studies are focused on the detection of some prohibited and common items. In this paper, a lightweight dangerous liquid detection method based on the Depthwise Separable convolution for X-ray security inspection is proposed. Firstly, a dataset of seven common dangerous liquids with multiple postures in two detection environments is established. Secondly, we propose a novel detection framework using the dual-energy X-ray data instead of pseudocolor images as the objects to be detected, which improves the detection accuracy and realizes the parallel operation of detection and imaging. Thirdly, in order to ensure the detection accuracy and reduce the computational consumption and the number of parameters, based on the Depthwise Separable convolution and the Squeeze-and-Excitation block, a lightweight object location network and a lightweight dangerous liquid classification network are designed as the backbone networks of our method to achieve the location and classification of the dangerous liquids, respectively. Finally, a semiautomatic labeling method is proposed to improve the efficiency of data labeling. Compared with the existing methods, the experimental results demonstrate that our method has better performance and wider applicability.
Case Studies on Enhanced Heat Transfer in a Square Duct with Modified V-Shaped Ribs (MVR): A CFD Analysis
Authors: Boonloi Amnart , Jedsadaratanachai Withada
Published: January 2022

This research presents structural improvement of V-shaped ribs for a tested square duct (TSD). The V-shaped ribs, which are inserted at the middle of the TSD (called type A), and the V-shaped ribs, which are placed on the opposite TSD walls (called type B), are modified to increase the structural stabilization. The effects of rib height to duct height,

b
/
H
=
0.05
–
0.30

; V-shaped bar thickness to duct height,

a
/
H
=
0.025

and 0.050; and flow directions (V-Upstream and V-Downstream) are considered. The new design of the V-shaped ribs is called “modified V-shaped ribs or MVR.” The present problem is solved by the numerical method (commercial code). The flow and heat transfer features of the TSD are illustrated. The numerical result reveals that the MVR give both flow and heat transfer patterns similarly as the general V-shaped rib. The impinging flows, swirling flows, and disturbing thermal boundary layer, which lead to enhanced heat transfer, are observed. Over the investigated range, the enhanced heat transfer about 18.12 times above the smooth duct with the optimal thermal enhancement factor about 4.16 is detected.
Palatal Obturator after Maxillectomy following Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chebbi Karim , Bouaziz Khaoula , Tayari Oumaima , Berkaoui Azza , Bouzidi Mohamed Ali , Jaouadi Jamila
Published: January 2022

After surgical excision of tumors involving the maxilla, depending on their location and size, maxillary defects can have harmful consequences, both esthetic and functional. These effects disrupt all the functions of the manducatory system, namely breathing, swallowing, and especially phonation, thus affecting negatively the patient’s psychological state. Despite the evolution of reconstructive surgical techniques and the development of microsurgery, conventional obturator prostheses are still relevant. In fact, these prostheses restore the main functions of chewing, phonation, and swallowing. They also provide the patient with a satisfactory esthetic appearance. Moreover, they have an advantage in regard to oncology, making the possibility of surveying much easier. Maxillary defects are characterized by their highly polymorphic aspect, having a great impact on the nature of prosthetic rehabilitation. The aim of this work was to present the different clinical and laboratory steps of prosthetic rehabilitation of an acquired maxillary defect following excision of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
A Signature for Smoking Status of Coronary Heart Disease Patients through Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis
Authors: Shang Zhenglu , Sun Jiashun , Hui Jingjiao , Yu Yanhua , Bian Xiaoyun , Yang Bowen , Deng Kewu , Lin Li
Published: January 2022

Background. Smoking is one of the risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD), while its underlying mechanism is less well defined. Purpose. To identify and testify 6 key genes of CHD related to smoking through weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and pathway analysis. Methods. CHD patients’ samples were first downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Then, genes of interest were obtained after analysis of variance (ANOVA). Thereafter, 23 coexpressed modules that were determined after genes with similar expression were incorporated via WGCNA. The biological functions of genes in the modules were researched by enrichment analysis. Pearson correlation analysis and PPI network analysis were used to screen core genes related to smoking in CHD. Results. The violet module was the most significantly associated with smoking (

r
=
−
0.28

,

p
=
0.006

). Genes in this module mainly participated in biological functions related to the heart. Altogether, 6 smoking-related core genes were identified through bioinformatics analyses. Their expressions in animal models were detected through the animal experiment. Conclusion. This study identified 6 core genes to serve as underlying biomarkers for monitoring and predicting smoker’s CHD risk.
On a Unique Solution of a T-Maze Model Arising in the Psychology and Theory of Learning
Authors: Turab Ali , Ali Wajahat , Nieto Juan J.
Published: January 2022

In the form of a T, a T-maze is an experimental design in which each trial consists of decisions between two or more options. It contains choices with particular kinds of symmetries that have gained considerable attention in psychology and learning theories. One of the simplest mazes utilized by rats is the T-maze since it requires just a single point of preference. At a T-maze base, the mouse chooses to turn right or left to get food. This paper aims at analyzing the rat’s behavior in such circumstances and proposing a suitable mathematical model for it. The existence and uniqueness of a solution to the proposed T-maze model are investigated by using the appropriate fixed point method.
[Retracted] Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Virtual Product Design and Creation Based on OSG Artificial Intelligence Platform
Authors: Zou Xiaosong , Tao Tao
Published: January 2022

The creation of Koji Pottery art is a creative act that has risen rapidly in recent years. The difference in the proportion of ingredients in the glaze directly affects the roughness, luster, and glaze of the glazed surface of the work. The curve of heating and cooling is also the key to the success or failure of the work. Therefore, taking the Koji tea bowl shape as a research example, a virtual reality simulation system and an OSG (OpenSceneGraph) artificial intelligence platform are used to construct a Koji tea bowl shape simulation model, and then the physical production is performed according to the model. After the design and production of the Koji tea bowl shape, the RTM (resin transfer molding) model is used to evaluate the process quality standard requirements of the Koji bowl shape. According to the RTM model test results, the homogeneity test results show that the result is much larger than 0.10, from which it can be inferred that the Koji tea bowl shape has reached the national process quality standard requirements. At the same time, the OSG artificial intelligence platform uses the iterative random sampling method to extract and display the abnormal data in the simulation model, which greatly improves the success rate of ceramic creation. In this paper, the creation and simulation of virtual ceramics based on OSG artificial intelligence platform are deeply studied and analyzed, and the related processes are improved, which reduces the difficulty of software operation and improves the creation efficiency.
Laparoscopic Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgery versus Conventional Surgery in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhou Zhuqing , Chen Lin , Liu Jie , Ji Fang , Shang Yuanyuan , Yang Xudong , Yang Yao , Fu Chuangang
Published: January 2022

Objective. This study was to quantitatively synthesize data in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of laparoscopic resection comparing natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) versus conventional laparoscopy (CL) in colorectal cancer. Methods. We identified eligible RCTs by searching seven electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang, and Sinomed). Mean differences (MDs) between groups with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for continuous outcomes. Event rate ratios (RRs) were also calculated with their 95% CIs. Results. 1,569 citations were identified from electronic database as of June 2020, and finally, 21 RCTs involving 2,112 patients met the study eligibility criteria and were included. Compared to the CL group, NOSE had longer operation time (MD: 8.14 min, 95% CI: 3.02 to 13.25, and

p
<
0.01

), less estimated blood loss (-10.64 ml, 95% CI: -14.92 to -6.36, and

p
<
0.01

), less hospital stay after surgery (-2.21 days, 95% CI: -3.36 to -1.06, and

p
<
0.01

), shorter time of gas passage after surgery (-0.58 days, 95% CI: -0.82 to -0.34, and

p
<
0.01

), better pain score (-1.06, 95% CI: -3.74 to -0.37, and

p
<
0.01

), and improved cosmetic scores (1.93, 95% CI: 0.77 to 3.10,

p
<
0.01

). Rate ratios of total complications, infection, and incision infection all favored NOSE surgery, with RRs (95% CIs) of 0.81 (0.71 to 0.93), 0.34 (0.21 to 0.54), and 0.24 (0.12 to 0.51), respectively. Conclusion. This report appeared the first comprehensive meta-analysis of RCTs to synthesize data of laparoscopic resection with NOSE versus conventional laparoscopy. NOSE surgery seemed favorable with shorter hospital stay, less pain score, a shorter time to recover along with better cosmetic scores, and less postoperative complications.
Effect of Calcification Based on Computer-Aided System on CT-Fractional Flow Reserve in Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Lesion
Authors: Fu Dongliang , Xiao Xiang , Gao Tong , Feng Lina , Wang Chunliang , Yang Peng , Li Xianlun
Published: January 2022

This study was to analyze the diagnostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) based on computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for coronary lesions and the possible impact of calcification. 80 patients who underwent CCTA and FFR examination in hospital were selected as the subjects. The FFR value of 0.8 was used as the dividing line and divided into the ischemic group (

FFR
≤
0.8

) and nonischemic group (

FFR
>
0.8

). The basic data and imaging characteristics of patients were analyzed. The maximum diameter stenosis rate (MDS %), maximum area stenosis rate (MAS %), and napkin ring sign (NRS) in the ischemic group were significantly lower than those in the nonischemic group (

P
<
0.05

). Remodeling index (RI) and eccentric index (EI) compared with the nonischemic group had no significant difference (

P
>
0.05

). The total plaque volume (TPV), total plaque burden (TPB), calcified plaque volume (CPV), lipid plaque volume (LPV), and lipid plaque burden (LPB) in the ischemic group were significantly different from those in the non-ischemic group (

P
<
0.05

). MAS % had the largest area under curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of coronary myocardial ischemia (0.74), followed by MDS % (0.69) and LPV (0.68). CT-FFR had high diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, truncation value, and AUC area data for patients in the ischemic group and nonischemic group. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, cutoff value, and AUC area data of CT-FFR were higher in the ischemic group (89.93%, 92.07%, 95.84%, 60.51%, 0.932) and nonischemic group (93.75%, 90.88%, 96.24%, 58.22%, 0.944), but there were no significant differences between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). In summary, CT-FFR based on CAD system has high accuracy in evaluating myocardial ischemia caused by coronary artery stenosis, and within a certain range of calcification scores, calcification does not affect the diagnostic accuracy of CT-FFR.
Effect of Axial Compression Ratio on Seismic and Self‐Centering Performance of Unbonded Prestressed Concrete Columns
Authors: Shi Yun , Yuan Guanglin , Zhu Hao
Published: January 2022

To explore the influence of the applied axial compression ratio and preloaded axial compression ratio on the seismic performance of unbonded prestressed concrete columns, pseudo‐static tests were carried out on four prestressed columns and one ordinary column in this study. The seismic performance indexes of test columns were studied and analyzed, including failure modes, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation. The test results show that compared with concrete columns with ordinary reinforcement, the hysteresis curve of reinforced concrete columns with prestressed tendons has a pinch phenomenon to a certain extent, and the energy dissipation performance becomes worse. For the prestressed columns, the greater the applied axial compression ratio, the worse the fullness of hysteresis curves and the energy dissipation performance, the greater the residual displacement, the faster the strength attenuation, and the worse the self‐centering performance. For the posttensioned unbonded prestressed concrete columns, the greater the preloaded axial compression ratio, the worse the energy dissipation performance of the test column, the slower the strength attenuation, and the better the self‐centering performance.
[Retracted] A Convolutional Network‐Based Intelligent Evaluation Algorithm for the Quality of Spoken English Pronunciation
Authors: Zhan Xia
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the problems of long time consumption and low accuracy of traditional spoken English pronunciation quality assessment algorithms, a convolutional network‐based intelligent assessment algorithm for spoken English pronunciation quality is proposed. The convolutional neural network structure is given, the original data of the spoken English pronunciation voice signal are collected by multisensor detection, and the spoken English pronunciation voice signal model is constructed. Based on audio and convolutional neural network learning and training, it realizes the feature selection and classification recognition of spoken English pronunciation. The PID algorithm is used to extract the emotional elements of spoken English at different levels to achieve accurate assessment of the quality of spoken English pronunciation. The experimental results show that the average correct rate of spoken English pronunciation of the algorithm in this paper is 94.58%, the pronunciation quality score is 8.52–9.18, and the detection time of 100 phrases is 2.4 s.
Influence of Lane-Changing Behavior on Traffic Flow Velocity in Mixed Traffic Environment
Authors: Xie Han , Ren Qinghua , Lei Zheng
Published: January 2022

In mixed traffic with autonomous vehicles, the relationship between speed and lane-changing behavior is an important basis for mixed traffic control. In this study, we use empirical, simulation, and data-driven methods to study the relationship between speed and lane change rates in mixed traffic under different autonomous vehicle penetration rates. We use the empirical data to establish the corresponding road simulation models. Based on the simulation model, the traffic flow simulation experiments under the conditions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% penetration rate of autonomous vehicles were carried out. The analysis of the simulation results found that: (1) the penetration of autonomous vehicles into the road has a positive impact on the lanes far away from the entrance and exit, while the impact on the lanes closer to the entrance and exit is not obvious. (2) Lane-changing behavior has effectively decreased with the penetration of autonomous vehicles, but it is not obvious when the penetration rate exceeds 10%, and there is no significant drop in the lane connecting the entrance and exit. (3) There is a linear relationship between speed and lane-changing rate. Under different penetration rates, the data-driven analysis is used to perform multiple linear regressions, and the regression formula fits are all above 0.7. Based on the above findings, the linear formula of the fitting is proposed, and the value interval of the parameters in different states is given as well. Due to the small changes in the parameter values under different permeability conditions, the model has a certain degree of stability. The speed-lane change rate model proposed in this study can better describe the relationship between the speed of the ring-shaped urban expressway and the lane-changing behavior in the mixed traffic environment with the larger traffic flow.
Association of Migraine and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Bin Abdulrahman Khalid A. , Alenazi Nawaf S. , Albishri Saad B. , Alshehri Faisal F.
Published: January 2022

Migraine is a primary headache disorder with a prevalence of 11.6% globally and 27% in Saudi Arabia. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has a prevalence of 9.2% worldwide. The prevalence of IBS has not been established nationally. However, provincial studies for migraine and IBS have been conducted nationwide. There is a significant link between migraine and IBS globally. Migraineurs had a considerably greater prevalence of IBS than nonmigraineurs (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 2.22‐2.78). Patients with IBS have 60% higher odds for migraines. This identifies an association that needs to be investigated in a nationwide manner. The study has two main aims. The first is to measure the prevalence of migraine and irritable bowel syndrome in Saudi Arabia. The second is to observe the association and the relationship between migraine and irritable bowel syndrome in Saudi Arabia. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among the general population of Saudi Arabia between March 2021 and June 2021, whose ages are 15 years old or greater. Participants filled an online self‐administered survey. The data collection tools included the Migraine Screen Questionnaire (MS‐Q) for migraine symptoms, migraine severity (MIGSEV) scale for severity of migraine, and the IBS module of the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire (R4DQ) for IBS symptoms and their subtype. With 2802 participants, the majority of the study samples were males, who constituted 52.5%. Among the study’s sample, the prevalence of migraine consisted of 27.4%, and the prevalence of IBS was 16.4%. The odds of having IBS in migraineurs were much higher than in those without migraine (OR 4.127; 95% CI 3.325‐5.121), and the association was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In conclusion, there is a strong association between migraine and irritable bowel syndrome in Saudi Arabia.
Diagnostic Challenges in Ovarian Hyperthecosis: Clinical Presentation with Subdiagnostic Testosterone Levels
Authors: Shah Sanket , Torres Callie , Gharaibeh Naser
Published: January 2022

Symptoms of hyperandrogenism and virilization in postmenopausal women warrant workup for ovarian hyperthecosis. In this case series, we discuss two patients who presented with symptoms of hyperandrogenism and metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance stemming from ovarian hyperthecosis. Imaging revealed normal ovaries in both patients. However, both patients had total serum testosterone levels below the lower diagnostic limit for ovarian hyperthecosis. Due to high clinical suspicion of ovarian hyperthecosis, both patients underwent bilateral oophorectomy without venous sampling for ovarian androgens. The diagnosis of ovarian hyperthecosis was confirmed on histological examination. Both women had improvement in their hyperandrogenic symptoms, testosterone levels, and biochemical features of insulin resistance after surgical intervention. This presentation of ovarian hyperthecosis with subdiagnostic total serum testosterone levels demonstrates the need for continued research into the pathophysiology of the disease, discussion of the diagnostic threshold of total serum testosterone, as well as the inclusion of ovarian hyperthecosis in the differential of postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Cancer
Authors: Kim Laura C. , Simon M. Celeste
Published: January 2022

Low oxygen concentrations (hypoxia) are detrimental to most species on Earth; thus, cells have evolved with adaptations allowing them to withstand transient hypoxia. As with other survival pathways, cancer cells have co-opted these mechanisms to keep up with the metabolic demands of rapid growth and proliferation in harsh tumor microenvironments. The most well-studied oxygen response pathway involves hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and their regulation by the von Hippel–Lindau protein (pVHL) and the prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3). This study from Zhong and colleagues, published in Cancer Research in 1999, was the first to show increased HIF1α expression in several cancer types and in metastases, suggesting a role for HIFs in disease progression. Since publication, significant progress has been made in the understanding of tumor hypoxia responses and efforts to target this pathway as a therapeutic strategy for patients with cancer are underway.

See related article by Zhong and colleagues, Cancer Res 1999;59:5830–5
Spontaneous Evolution of COVID-19 Lung Sequelae: Results from a Double-Step Follow-Up
Authors: Ferioli Martina , Prediletto Irene , Bensai Serena , Betti Sara , Daniele Federico , Di Scioscio Valerio , Modolon Cecilia , Rimondi Maria Rita , De Molo Chiara , Serra Carla , Nava Stefano , Fasano Luca
Published: January 2022

Background: Few studies have reported a double-step follow-up of patients after hospitalization for COVID-19. Objectives: We designed an observational double-step follow-up study with a clinical, functional, and radiological evaluation at 2 and 6 months after COVID-19. The primary outcome was to describe symptoms, spirometry, and 6-minute walking test (6MWT) at 2 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were to identify if the lowest PaO2/FiO2 during hospitalization is related with functional and radiological evolution and to assess the correlation between radiological and functional abnormalities at 6 months. Methods: Symptoms, spirometry, and 6MWT were assessed at 2 and 6 months; arterial blood gas, chest x-ray, and lung ultrasound were performed at 2 months; body plethysmography, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and CT scan were performed at 6 months. Results: Sixty-four per cent and 42% of patients reported at least one symptom at 2 and 6 months, respectively. The most common 6-month functional alteration was DLCO impairment (57% of patients). An improvement of FEV1, FVC, and 6MWT was observed between 2 and 6 months (p < 0.001). Patients with PaO2/FiO2 <200 during hospitalization performed worse at 6MWT at 2 and 6 months (p < 0.05) and reported more extended radiological abnormalities at 6 months (p < 0.001) compared with patients with PaO2/FiO2>200. At 6 months, more extended radiological abnormalities were related with worse 6MWT, DLCO, and total lung capacity (p < 0.05). Discussion: DLCO and 6MWT impairment seem to be the functional hallmark of COVID-19 and are related with the severity of acute pneumonia. At 6 months, radiological abnormalities were related to functional impairment.
Lungenfibrose: Diagnostik peripherer Lungenläsionen nicht verzögern
Authors: Kempa Axel Tobias
Published: January 2022

Background: Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy (RP-EBUS-TBLB) is widely used for diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions (PLLs). To date, there have been no reports regarding the clinical outcomes of RPEBUS-TBLB for PLLs in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Objectives: This study was performed between October 2017 and December 2019 to identify the safety and diagnostic performance of RP-EBUS-TBLB in IPF patients. Methods: Patients were divided into the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) group (n =39, 4%), the probable UIP group (n = 12, 1%), and the noninterstitial lung disease (non-ILD) group (n = 903, 95%). Results: The diagnostic yield was significantly lower in the UIP group than in the non-ILD group (62% vs. 76%; p = 0.042), but there were no significant differences between the UIP and probable UIP groups (62% vs. 83%; p = 0.293) or the probable UIP and non-ILD groups (83% vs. 76%; p = 0.741). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the mean diameter of PLLs, positive bronchus sign on CT, and «within the lesion» status on EBUS were independently associated with success of the procedure. Especially, the presence of the UIP pattern on CT (OR, 0.385; 95% CI: 0.172–0.863; p = 0.020) was independently associated with failed diagnosis. Among patients with UIP, «within the lesion» status on EBUS (OR, 25.432; 95% CI: 2.321–278.666; p = 0.008) was shown to be a factor contributing to a successful diagnosis. Overall, there were no significant differences in complication rates among the 3 study groups. Conclusion: RPEBUS-TBLB can be performed safely with an acceptable diagnostic yield, even in patients with IPF.
Insights Into Myocardial Oxygenation and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Tissue Biomarkers in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Fischer Kady , Guensch Dominik P. , Jung Bernd , King Iman , von Tengg-Kobligk Hendrik , Giannetti Nadia , Eberle Balthasar , Friedrich Matthias G.
Published: January 2022

Background:

The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is not well understood, but evidence strongly suggests involvement of microvascular dysfunction. We studied the myocardial oxygenation reserve as a direct marker of coronary vascular function and its relation to myocardial deformation and tissue characteristics by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods:

In a dual-center case-control study, patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (>50%) and healthy controls older than 50 years underwent quantitative CMR for ventricular volumes and functional assessment with feature tracking, as well as tissue characterization (T1, T2, extracellular volume). Coronary vascular function was measured by oxygenation-sensitive (OS)–CMR of the myocardial oxygenation response to a vasoactive breathing maneuver.

Results:

Twenty-nine patients completed the CMR exam. Compared with cutoffs derived from 12 control subjects, circumferential peak strain was attenuated in 97% of patients. Native T1 was elevated in 93%, extracellular volume was elevated in 83%. Sixty-six percent of patients revealed either regional or global myocardial edema, defined by an increased myocardial T2. An attenuated global myocardial oxygenation reserve (<4.4%) was observed in 96% of the patients (1.7±3.9% versus 9.1±5.3% in controls,
P
<0.001). This was correlated with septal wall thickness (r=−0.54,
P
=0.003), edema (myocardial T2; β=−0.26% oxygenation-sensitive/ms [95% CI, −0.49 to −0.03],
P
=0.029), and reduced diastolic strain rate (β=1.50% oxygenation-sensitive/s
-1
[95% CI, 0.06–2.90],
P
=0.042).

Conclusions:

In patients with clinical heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, vascular dysfunction as measured by an attenuated myocardial oxygenation reserve is associated with myocardial edema, a thicker septum, and diastolic dysfunction. A quantitative comprehensive CMR exam including oxygenation-sensitive–CMR allows for comprehensive imaging-based phenotyping of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Patterns of Early Coronary Artery Changes in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients Detected Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Laguë Sabine L. , Bone Jeffrey N. , Samuel Rosh , Voss Christine , Balbacid Enrique , Hosking Martin C.K. , Schubert Stephan , Harris Kevin C.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy, the leading cause of graft failure in pediatric heart transplant recipients, is characterized by diffuse and concentric coronary intimal thickening. Early treatment yields better outcomes. While coronary angiography is the standard for cardiac allograft vasculopathy screening and diagnosis, it only identifies luminal narrowing, which occurs in more severe disease. Coronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-definition intravascular imaging modality that may offer earlier diagnosis. We used OCT to investigate coronary intimal thickening in pediatric transplant recipients and examined its (1) location (ie, vessel type and location) and (2) nature (ie, characteristics of cross-sectional and longitudinal thickening).

Methods:

Sites collected coronary angiography and OCT data from participants (N=258 vessel segments from 73 individuals; median age: 11.5 years [8.4–15.3]; 55% male). Images were collected from the left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries, and location (ie, proximal, middle, and distal) were classified using coronary angiography.

Results:

OCT identified 32 vessel segments meeting criteria for significant thickening, 88% of which were angiographically silent. Longitudinal thickening was segmental rather than global in 88%, and cross-sectional thickening was 48% eccentric and 52% concentric. Intimal thickening prevalence and severity measures did not consistently differ between coronary artery type (
P
=1.000) or location (
P
=0.248) but increased with time since transplant and age at transplant and OCT procedure.

Conclusions:

In pediatric transplant recipients, we observed a surprisingly high prevalence of segmental and eccentric intimal thickening. Insights from intravascular imaging suggest these patterns of coronary vascular changes may precede overt cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Identifying early changes may offer opportunity for enhanced surveillance and earlier intervention.
Normalized Subendocardial Myocardial Attenuation on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Predicts Postoperative Adverse Cardiovascular Events: Coronary CTA VISION Substudy
Authors: Walpot Jeroen , Massalha Samia , Jayasinghe Pranisha , Sadaf Madiha , Clarkin Owen , Godkin Laura , Sharma Ashwin , Ratnayake Indeevari , Godkin Kara , Jia Kateleen , Hossain Alomgir , Crean Andrew M. , Chan Matthew , Butler Craig , Tandon Vikas , Nagele Peter , Woodard Pamela K. , Mrkobrada Marko , Szczeklik Wojciech , Aziz Yang Faridah Abdul , Biccard Bruce , Devereaux P.J. , Sheth Tej , Chow Benjamin J.W.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Abnormalities in computed tomography myocardial perfusion has been associated with coronary artery disease and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We sought to investigate if subendocardial attenuation using coronary computed tomography angiography predicts MACE 30 days postelective noncardiac surgery.

Methods:

Using a 17-segment model, coronary computed tomography angiography images were analyzed for subendocardial and transmural attenuation and the corresponding blood pool. The segment with the lowest subendocardial attenuation and transmural attenuation were normalized to the segment with the highest subendocardial and transmural attenuation, respectively (SUB
normalized
, and TRANS
normalized
, respectively). We evaluated the independent and incremental value of myocardial attenuation to predict the composite of cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction.

Results:

Of a total of 995 coronary CTA VISION (Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography and Vascular Events in Noncardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation Study) patients, 735 had available images and complete data for these analyses. Among these patients, 60 had MACE. Based on Revised Cardiovascular Risk Index, 257, 302, 138, and 38 patients had scores of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3, respectively. On coronary computed tomography angiography, 75 patients had normal coronary arteries, 297 patients had nonobstructive coronary artery disease, 264 patients had obstructive disease, and 99 patients had extensive obstructive coronary artery disease. SUB
normalized
was an independent and incremental predictor of events in the model that included Revised Cardiovascular Risk Index and coronary artery disease severity. Compared with patients in the highest tertile of SUB
normalized
, patients in the second and first tertiles had an increased hazards ratio for events (2.23 [95% CI, 1.091–4.551] and 2.36 [95% CI, 1.16–4.81], respectively). TRANS
normalized
, as a continuous variable, was also found to be a predictor of MACE (
P
=0.027).

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrates that SUB
normalized
and TRANS
normalized
are independent and incremental predictors of MACE 30 days after elective noncardiac surgery.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01635309.