bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Current Approaches to Pain Management in Knee Osteoarthritis with a Focus on Italian Clinical Landscape
Authors: Giaretta Stefano , Magni Alberto , Migliore Alberto , Natoli Silvia , Puntillo Filomena , Ronconi Gianpaolo , Santoiemma Luigi , Sconza Cristiano , Viapiana Ombretta , Zanoli Gustavo
Published: September 2024

The global cases of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are projected to increase by 74.9% by 2050. Currently, over half of patients remain dissatisfied with their pain relief. This review addresses unmet needs for moderate-to-severe KOA pain; it offers evidence and insights for improved management. Italian experts from the fields of rheumatology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopedics, primary care, and pain therapy have identified several key issues. They emphasized the need for standardized care protocols to address inconsistencies in patient management across different specialties. Early diagnosis is crucial, as cartilage responds better to early protective and structural therapies. Faster access to physiatrist evaluation and reimbursement for physical, rehabilitative, and pharmacological treatments, including intra-articular (IA) therapy, could reduce access disparities. Concerns surround the adverse effects of oral pharmacological treatments, highlighting the need for safer alternatives. Patient satisfaction with corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid-based IA therapies reduces over time and there is no consensus on the optimal IA therapy protocol. Surgery should be reserved for severe symptoms and radiographic KOA evidence, as chronic pain post-surgery poses significant societal and economic burdens. The experts advocate for a multidisciplinary approach, promoting interaction and collaboration between specialists and general practitioners, to enhance KOA care and treatment consistency in Italy.
Hyperleukocytosis in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Mitura-Lesiuk Małgorzata Monika , Dubaj Maciej , Dembowska Aleksandra , Bigosiński Karol , Raniewicz Mateusz
Published: September 2024

Background: Hyperleukocytosis, defined as a total leukocyte count of more than 50,000/mm3 leukocytes, occurs in almost one in five children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It represents an unfavorable prognostic factor in this disease. The aim of the following study was to describe demographic and clinical features in patients with hyperleukocytosis and their relationship with leukocyte count. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the available medical data of patients with ALL diagnosed and treated at the University Children’s Hospital in Lublin between 2017 and 2024. Results: Of the 97 patients, 10 (10.3%) had hyperleukocytosis. They were significantly more likely to be older boys diagnosed with T-ALL. The group with hyperleukocytosis had a higher mortality rate. The presence of hyperleukocytosis also correlated with the presence of petechiae, thrombocyte and neutrophil counts, and LDH activity. Patients with hyperleukocytosis also experienced a higher incidence of infections as a complication of therapy as leukocyte counts increased. Conclusions: Hyperleukocytosis, although rare, is an important factor in the course of ALL, both clinically and prognostically.
Mid-Term Migration Pattern of a Cemented Collared Anatomical Stem—A Retrospective Study Using EBRA-FCA
Authors: Blum Philipp , Neugebauer Johannes , Keiler Alexander , Putzer David , Watrinet Julius , Regenbogen Stephan , Dammerer Dietmar
Published: September 2024

Background: Aseptic loosening is one of the leading causes of stem revision. Einzel Bild Röntgen Analyse–Femoral Component Analysis allows for the detection of distal stem migration, which is used as a predictive factor for implant longevity. This study aims to demonstrate the migration behavior of a cemented collared anatomical stem. Methods: This study retrospectively examined all patients who received a cemented Lubinus SP II stem (Waldemar Link, Hamburg, Germany) between 2003 and 2019. We used the EBRA-FCA software (University of Innsbruck, Austria) to determine the migration patterns and thoroughly examined the patients’ medical histories. In addition, the potential influence of femoral configuration and BMI on the migration behavior was assessed. Results: This study included 61 patients (48 females and 13 males) with a total of 61 stems that met our inclusion criteria. The mean age at surgery was 76 years (ranging from 30 to 93 years). According to EBRA-FCA migration analysis, a median subsidence of 0.7 mm was observed at 24 months and at the final follow-up (median 78 months). Distal stem migration was significantly higher at the 6-month time point in patients with Dorr type A femurs compared to Dorr type B femurs (p = 0.016). Body mass index (BMI) had no significant effect on stem migration. Conclusions: The measured subsidence of the Lubinus SP 2 stem using EBRA-FCA was below established thresholds, indicating excellent long-term outcomes. Although there was significantly increased subsidence in Dorr type A femurs during the initial 6 months, thereafter, no statistically significant difference was observed compared to Dorr type B femurs.
Association of OPRD1 Gene Variants with Changes in Body Weight and Psychometric Indicators in Patients with Eating Disorders
Authors: González-Rodríguez Laura , González Luz María , García-Herráiz Angustias , Mota-Zamorano Sonia , Flores Isalud , Gervasini Guillermo
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether genetic variations in the OPRD1 gene affect psychopathological symptoms and personality dimensions in eating disorders (ED) patients and/or contribute to ED risk. Methods: The study involved 221 female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), 88 with bulimia nervosa (BN), and 396 controls. Sixteen tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPRD1 were identified. Psychometric evaluations were conducted using the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R) and the Eating Disorders Inventory Test-2 (EDI-2). p-values obtained by regression models were corrected for multiple testing by the False Discovery Rate (FDR) method. Results: In AN patients, genotypes rs204077TT and rs169450TT were linked to lower body-mass index (BMI) values (FDR-q = 0.035 and 0.017, respectively), as was rs2234918 in a log-additive model (BMI: 18.0 ± 0.28, 17.22 ± 0.18 and 16.59 ± 0.39 for TT, TC and CC carriers, FDR-q = 0.012). Additionally, AN patients carrying the rs72665504AA genotype had higher scores in interpersonal distrust (FDR-q = 0.030), whilst BN carriers of rs513269TT and rs2873795TT showed lower scores in ineffectiveness (FDR-q = 0.041 and FDR-q = 0.021). In the AN group, BMI correlated with variability in a distal haplotype (rs508448/rs204077/rs223491, FDR-q = 0.028), which was also associated with the global positive symptom total (PST) index of SCL-90R (FDR-q = 0.048). Associations were more noticeable in BN patients; again, the distal region of the gene was linked to EDI-2 total scores (FDR-q = 0.004–0.048 for the four last haplotypes) and two global SCL-90R indices (GSI: FDR-q = 0.011 and positive symptom distress index (PSDI): FDR-q = 0.003 for the last s204077/rs2234918/rs169450 combination). No associations with ED risk were observed. Conclusions: Genetic variation in the OPRD1 gene, particularly in its distal region, is associated with BMI and psychopathological comorbidities in ED patients.
Challenges and Complications in the Management of Advanced Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: Role of Post-Mortem Diagnosis and Future Perspectives
Authors: Consalvo Francesca , De Simone Matteo , Scarpa Alfonso , Acerra Alfonso , Salzano Francesco Antonio , Fineschi Vittorio , Santurro Alessandro
Published: September 2024

Oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (OPSCC) poses significant challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management and has important medico-legal and forensic implications. In particular, the management of OPSCC and its treatment-related complications can often be challenging. In cases with advanced OPSCC, a loco-regional extension of the tumor can contribute to the destruction of oral cavity tissues, while the radiotherapy treatment can induce profound changes in tissue morphology and structure. These changes, which resemble tumor neoplasms and endovascular effects, are related to a higher risk of fatal bleeding, as reported in the case study illustrated, in which a hemorrhage occurred from a lingual artery, originating from an ulcerative, necrotic, hemorrhagic lesion on the tongue. Bleeding complications in OPSCC and prolonged radiotherapy are associated with high mortality and require comprehensive management strategies to improve survival and quality of life. Autopsy investigations, contributing to the definition of post-mortem diagnosis, can provide valuable insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying bleeding and guide therapeutic decisions and preventive measures. The integration of autopsy and histopathological investigation into clinical practice should be considered as a necessary support to optimize the management of complications in advanced OPSCC patients, emphasizing the importance of a patient-centered approach and continued research.
OMI/NOMI: Time for a New Classification of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kola Martiola , Shuka Naltin , Meyers Harvey Pendell , Zaimi (Petrela) Elizana , Smith Stephen W.
Published: September 2024

Forty percent of patients with acute coronary occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI) do not present with STEMI criteria, which delays their treatment and increases morbidity and mortality. The need to identify these patients promptly is crucial, and this sets the stage for the proposed reclassification. Many of these patients can be identified by other ECG and clinical features. Background/Objectives: We sought to evaluate cases of STEMI and NSTEMI that result in OMI. Additionally, we focused on the consequences of delayed revascularization in NSTEMI patients with acute coronary occlusion (NSTEMI-OMI). Methods: The study is a retrospective analysis conducted on 334 patients who underwent coronary angiography for acute coronary syndrome at UHC “Mother Teresa”, Tirana, Albania, during January–May 2023. “OMI was defined as an acute culprit lesion with TIMI 0–2 flow, or an acute culprit lesion with TIMI 3 flow intervened upon and with highly elevated troponin (cTnI > 10.0 ng/mL, hs-cTnI > 5000 ng/L)”. The presence or absence of STEMI criteria were determined in the final diagnosis written on the chart by a cardiologist using the third universal definition of MI. Ejection fraction (EF), total ischemia time, length of stay, and complications were compared between groups. Mechanical complications include acute ventricular failure, cardiogenic shock, rupture of the interventricular septum, rupture of the free wall, rupture of the papillary muscle, and pericarditis. Electrical complications include ventricular arrhythmias, supraventricular arrhythmias, and atrioventricular and interventricular blocks. Results: There were 334 patients included, 98 (29.3%) of whom were NSTEMI-OMI patients. Ninety-six patients (40%) of OMI patients did not fulfill the STEMI criteria. Only 11 patients (11%) of STEMI(−)OMI had PCI performed within the first 12 h vs. 76 patients (77%) with STEMI(+)OMI, p < 0.001. There was no difference in the percent of patients requiring PCI between the STEMI(+)OMI 98 patients (93%) and STEMI(−)OMI 87 patients (89%) (p = 0.496). The overall in-hospital mortality was 19 patients (5.7%), with subgroup mortality of 14 patients (4.2%) with STEMI(+)OMI, 2 patients (0.6%) with STEMI(+) NOMI, and 3 patients (0.9%) with STEMI(−)OMI, 0% STEMI(−)NOMI, (p = 0.013). Patients with mechanical complications included 67 patients (46.8%) with STEMI(+)OMI and 45 patients (46.4%) with STEMI(−)OMI. In addition, 26 patients (18.5%) with STEMI(+)OMI and 13 patients (13.1%) with STEMI(−)OMI developed electrical complications. Conclusions: STEMI(−)OMI patients had significant delays in catheterization, yet had angiographic findings, rates of PCI, and complications similar to STEMI(+)OMI. These data add further support to refocusing the paradigm of acute MI to improve recognition and rapid reperfusion of all OMIs, rather than only those with STEMI criteria.
Imaging of Ulcerative Colitis: The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Alyami Ali S.
Published: September 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a promising and appealing alternative to endoscopy in the objective assessment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a specialized imaging technique that enables the mapping of water molecule diffusion within biological tissues, eliminating the need for intravenous gadolinium contrast injection. It is expanding the capability of traditional MRI sequences in Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Recently, there has been growing interest in the application of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in the field of IBD. This technique combines diffusion and perfusion information, making it a valuable tool for assessing IBD treatment response. Previous studies have extensively studied the use of DWI techniques for evaluating the severity of activity in IBD. However, the majority of these studies have primarily focused on Crohn’s disease (CD), with only a limited number of reports specifically examining UC. Therefore, this review briefly introduces the basics of DWI and IVIM imaging and conducts a review of relevant studies that have investigated its application in UC to show whether these techniques are useful techniques for evaluating patients with UC in terms of detection, characterization, and quantification of disease activity. Through the extensive literature survey, most of these studies indicate that DWI proves valuable in the differential diagnosis of UC and could be used as an effective modality for staging UC.
Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome Clinical Characteristics from the Perspective of Quality of Life and the Impact of the Disease on Family Functioning
Authors: Rozensztrauch Anna , Basiak Aleksander , Twardak Iwona
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome (RSTS-OMIM, #180849) is a rare genetic disorder associated with distinctive clinical features, including a typical craniofacial appearance, global developmental delay, intellectual disability and broad, angular thumbs and fingers. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the health problems of children with RTST, their quality of life and the impact of the disease on family functioning. In addition, we investigate whether comorbidities, autistic behavior and eating problems affect the children’s overall QOL. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, including a total of 13 caregivers of children diagnosed with RSTS. A self-reported questionnaire [SRQ], medical records and the Pediatric Impact Module PedsQLTM 2.0, the Pediatric Quality of Life PedsQLTM 4.0 were used to obtain data on QOL and the impact of the disease on family functioning. Results: The overall QOL score for children with RSTS was x = 52.40; SD 13.01. The highest QOL was in emotional functioning (EF; x = 59.23; SD 18.69), while the lowest QOL was in physical functioning (PF; x = 48.56; SD 16.32) and social functioning (SF; x = 48.85; SD 18.84). There was a statistically significant negative correlation (p < 0.03; r = −2.01) between the age of the child and their QOL, indicating that older children had lower QOL scores. The mean overall rating for the impact of RSTS on family functioning was x = 50.00; SD 10.91. Caregivers reported the highest scores for cognitive functioning (CF; x = 64.23; SD 23.70) and family relationships (FR; x = 60.00; SD 17.17). The lowest scores were for daily activities (DA; x = 41.03; SD 17.17) and worry (W; x = 37.69; SD 18.55). Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive exploration of the QOL of children with RSTS) and its impact on family functioning.
The Impact of the Methacrylation Process on the Usefulness of Chitosan as a Biomaterial Component for 3D Printing
Authors: Klak Marta , Kosowska Katarzyna , Czajka Milena , Dec Magdalena , Domański Sylwester , Zakrzewska Agnieszka , Korycka Paulina , Jankowska Kamila , Romanik-Chruścielewska Agnieszka , Wszoła Michał
Published: September 2024

Chitosan is a very promising material for tissue model printing. It is also known that the introduction of chemical modifications to the structure of the material in the form of methacrylate groups makes it very attractive for application in the bioprinting of tissue models. The aim of this work is to study the characteristics of biomaterials containing chitosan (BCH) and its methacrylated equivalent (BCM) in order to identify differences in their usefulness in 3D bioprinting technology. It has been shown that the BCM material containing methacrylic chitosan is three times more viscous than its non-methacrylated BCH counterpart. Additionally, the BCM material is characterized by stability in a larger range of stresses, as well as better printability, resolution, and fiber stability. The BCM material has higher mechanical parameters, both mechanical strength and Young’s modulus, than the BCH material. Both materials are ideal for bioprinting, but BCM has unique rheological properties and significant mechanical resistance. In addition, biological tests have shown that the addition of chitosan to biomaterials increases cell proliferation, particularly in 3D-printed models. Moreover, modification in the form of methacrylation encourages reduced toxicity of the biomaterial in 3D constructs. Our investigation demonstrates the suitability of a chitosan-enhanced biomaterial, specifically methacrylate-treated, for application in tissue engineering, and particularly for tissues requiring resistance to high stress, i.e., vascular or cartilage models.
Photopolymerization of Stainless Steel 420 Metal Suspension: Printing System and Process Development of Additive Manufacturing Technology toward High-Volume Production
Authors: Nguyen Hoa Xuan , Poudel Bibek , Qu Zhiyuan , Kwon Patrick , Chung Haseung
Published: September 2024

As the metal additive manufacturing (AM) field evolves with an increasing demand for highly complex and customizable products, there is a critical need to close the gap in productivity between metal AM and traditional manufacturing (TM) processes such as continuous casting, machining, etc., designed for mass production. This paper presents the development of the scalable and expeditious additive manufacturing (SEAM) process, which hybridizes binder jet printing and stereolithography principles, and capitalizes on their advantages to improve productivity. The proposed SEAM process was applied to stainless steel 420 (SS420) and the processing conditions (green part printing, debinding, and sintering) were optimized. Finally, an SS420 turbine fabricated using these conditions successfully reached a relative density of 99.7%. The SEAM process is not only suitable for a high-volume production environment but is also capable of fabricating components with excellent accuracy and resolution. Once fully developed, the process is well-suited to bridge the productivity gap between metal AM and TM processes, making it an attractive candidate for further development and future commercialization as a feasible solution to high-volume production AM.
Acoustic Target Strengths and Swimbladder Morphology of Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lee Hyungbeen , Yoon Euna , Choo Yong Jin , Lee Jeong-Hoon
Published: September 2024

The Northwest Pacific chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is one of the most productive, economically important fishery resources worldwide. Accurately assessing this species and ensuring adherence to total allowable catch limits are crucial owing to fluctuations in their abundance and distribution. Acoustic target strength measurements of S. japonicus were conducted at 38, 70, and 120 kHz using a split-beam echosounder of individuals from nine size groups (mean fork length, 10.8–28.3 cm) swimming freely in a net cage within a seawater tank. An underwater camera was utilized to simultaneously measure swimming angle. Least-squares regression analysis revealed that when the slope was constrained to 20, as per the generally applicable morphometric equation, the resulting values for the constant term (b20) were −67.7, −66.6, and −67.3 dB at 38, 70, and 120 kHz, respectively. S. japonicus mean swimming angle across the groups was −10.5–9.6° (standard deviation [SD], 16.3–33.3°). Furthermore, the ratio of swimbladder height to swimbladder length, the ratio of swimbladder length to fork length, and the tilt angle of the swimbladder (mean ± SD) were 0.191 ± 0.060, 0.245 ± 0.055, and 9.6 ± 3.0°, respectively. These results can be used for the acoustic stock assessment of S. japonicus in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.
Predictions of the Effect of Non-Homogeneous Ocean Bubbles on Sound Propagation
Authors: Cheng Yuezhu , Shi Jie , Cao Yuan , Zhang Haoyang
Published: September 2024

In the ocean, bubbles rarely appear alone and are often not evenly distributed, which makes it complicated to predict the effect of ocean bubbles on sound propagation. To solve this problem, researchers have tried to use approximations such as equivalent and multiple scattering models, but these approximations are accompanied by large errors. Therefore, we propose a semi-numerical and semi-analytical calculation method for underwater sound fields containing non-homogeneous bubbles in this paper. Based on the attenuation cross section and scattering cross section of a single bubble, the non-homogeneous medium is divided into multiple layers of uniform medium. Each layer of the bubble group is regarded as a whole, which can fully reflect the influence of bubble group vibration and scattering on sound wave propagation and is conducive to faster calculation of the sound field of non-homogeneous bubbly liquids. Compared with the classic coupling model, the calculation process of this method is simpler and faster, which solves the problem of fast calculation of sound fields in bubbly liquids and simulation of distributed bubble groups containing non-homogeneous distributed bubbles.
A Method for Recognition and Coordinate Reference of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles to Inspected Objects of Industrial Subsea Structures Using Stereo Images
Authors: Bobkov Valery , Kudryashov Alexey
Published: September 2024

To date, the development of unmanned technologies using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) has become an urgent demand for solving the problem of inspecting industrial subsea structures. A key issue here is the precise localization of AUVs relative to underwater objects. However, the impossibility of using GPS and the presence of various interferences associated with the dynamics of the underwater environment do not allow high-precision navigation based solely on a standard suite of AUV navigation tools (sonars, etc.). An alternative technology involves the processing of optical images that, at short distances, can provide higher accuracy of AUV navigation compared to the technology of acoustic measurement processing. Although there have been results in this direction, further development of methods for extracting spatial information about objects from images recorded by a camera is necessary in the task of calculating the exact mutual position of the AUV and the object. In this study, in the context of the problem of subsea production system inspection, we propose a technology to recognize underwater objects and provide coordinate references to the AUV based on stereo-image processing. Its distinctive features are the use of a non-standard technique to generate a geometric model of an object from its views (foreshortening) taken from positions of a pre-made overview trajectory, the use of various characteristic geometric elements when recognizing objects, and the original algorithms for comparing visual data of the inspection trajectory with an a priori model of the object. The results of experiments on virtual scenes and with real data showed the effectiveness of the proposed technology.
Exploring Fungal Diversity in Seagrass Ecosystems for Pharmaceutical and Ecological Insights
Authors: Rajakaruna Oshadi , Wijayawardene Nalin N. , Udagedara Susantha , Jayasinghe Prabath K. , Gunasekara Sudheera S. , Boonyuen Nattawut , Bamunuarachchige Thushara C. , Ariyawansa Kahandawa G. S. U.
Published: September 2024

Marine ecosystems are important in discovering novel fungi with interesting metabolites that have shown great potential in pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. Seagrasses, the sole submerged marine angiosperm, host diverse fungal taxa with mostly unknown metabolic capabilities. They are considered to be one of the least studied marine fungal habitats in the world. This review gathers and analyzes data from studies related to seagrasses-associated fungi, including taxonomy and biogeography, and highlights existing research gaps. The significance of the seagrass–fungal associations remains largely unknown, and current understanding of fungal diversity is limited to specific geographical regions such as the Tropical Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indo-Pacific. Our survey yielded 29 culture-dependent studies on seagrass-associated endophytic and epiphytic fungi, and 13 miscellaneous studies, as well as 11 meta-studies, with no pathogenic true fungi described. There is a significant opportunity to expand existing studies and conduct multidisciplinary research into novel species and their potential applications, especially from understudied geographical locations. Future research should prioritize high-throughput sequencing and mycobiome studies, utilizing both culture-dependent and -independent approaches to effectively identify novel seagrass-associated fungal taxa.
Drivers and Consequences of Land Degradation on Livestock Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Slayi Mhlangabezi , Zhou Leocadia , Dzvene Admire Rukudzo , Mpanyaro Zolisanani
Published: September 2024

Land degradation is a major threat to sub-Saharan Africa rangelands, which are crucial for livestock farming and the livelihood of millions of people in the region. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the causes and effects of land degradation, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of different mitigation strategies. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified, screened, and analyzed 25 peer-reviewed articles published before 30 June 2024 using Scopus. The review highlights key factors that drive land degradation, such as soil erosion, drought, deforestation, and climate change, as well as socio-economic factors like poverty, land tenure issues, population pressure, and economic instability. These factors have serious implications, as land degradation can lead to poor quality of forage, an increased incidence of diseases, higher mortality rates among livestock, and a significant decline in livestock productivity. The socio-economic consequences of this degradation are significant, leading to reduced household income, increased poverty, and heightened food insecurity. Furthermore, the review assesses various mitigation strategies and concludes that practices such as rotational grazing and soil conservation techniques demonstrate high effectiveness, while agroforestry practices show only moderate success. An integrated approach that combines environmental, economic, and policy measures is crucial to addressing the complex challenge of land degradation in sub-Saharan Africa. Strengthening land tenure, improving economic stability, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices are essential steps toward improving the health of rangelands, increasing livestock productivity, and supporting the resilience and well-being of rural communities.
Mapping and Assessing Effective Participatory Planning Processes for Urban Green Spaces in Aotearoa New Zealand’s Diverse Communities
Authors: Cui Yiwen , Gjerde Morten , Marques Bruno
Published: September 2024

The multicultural landscape of Aotearoa New Zealand presents a rich tapestry of diversity and community needs, underscoring an imperative for inclusive participatory planning processes. This paper presents findings from an investigation of the challenges and opportunities inherent in community engagement initiatives, particularly within the context of New Zealand’s major ethnic groups, including New Zealand European, Māori, Chinese, and Pasifika. Drawing from the importance of community participation in reshaping public open spaces, this research addressed the gap in understanding which participatory planning processes are most effective across diverse cultural groups. To investigate the effectiveness of various approaches to community engagement, this research involved focus groups from the Wellington suburbs of Newtown and Porirua, utilising both on-site and online meetings. The findings identify the most effective participation processes for planning public open spaces in relation to each ethnicity. Correlations between participant preferences and their unique cultural backgrounds were assessed. In addition, the least effective participation methods along with several relatively effective participation methods are discussed. By highlighting engagement methods that can foster inclusivity, equity, and a sense of community, this research advances a collective goal of building a more cohesive and effective society for all its inhabitants.
Assessing the Potential of Rare Earth Elements in Bottom Ash from Coal Combustion in Poland
Authors: Adamczyk Zdzisław , Komorek Joanna , Białecka Barbara , Nowak Jacek
Published: September 2024

The aim of the research was to assess the potential of bottom ash from Polish coal-fired power plants as an alternative source of rare earth elements (REY). The potential of these ashes was compared with fly ash from the same coal combustion cycle. The phase and chemical composition, as well as REY, were determined using: X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The tested ashes were classified as inert-low pozzolanic and inert-medium pozzolanic, as well as sialic and ferrosialic, with enrichment in detrital material. The phase and chemical composition of bottom ash was similar to fly ash from the same fuel combustion cycle. The REY content in the ash was 199–286 ppm and was lower than the average for global deposits, and the threshold value was considered profitable for recovery from coal. Bottom ash’s importance as a potential source of REY will increase by recovering these metals from separated amorphous glass and mullite and grains rich in Al, Mg, K, and P. The industrial value of bottom ash as an alternative source of REY was similar to fly ash from the same fuel combustion cycle.
Multi-Objective Optimization and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Steel–PVA Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhang Pinle
Published: September 2024

When steel fiber and PVA fiber produced in China and PVA fiber made in Japan are prepared according to the appropriate proportions, the mechanical properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HFRCC) are better, which is beneficial to cost control and has wide application prospects. The effects of the volume content of steel fibers and the volume substitution rate of PVA fibers on the tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength of HFRCC were analyzed using the factor optimization method and principal component analysis (PCA). Through the principal component analysis of HFRCC, a mathematical model for comprehensive performance evaluation was established, and a multi-objective optimization was carried out. The results show that compared with the matrix, the tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength of concrete increase significantly when the volume content of steel fibers is 0.2–0.4% and the volume substitution rate of domestically produced PVA fibers in China or PVA fibers produced in Japan is 50–100%. The maximum cost reduction is 88.25%, and the strength index of HFRCC can reach the optimum; the weights of each factor on the performance of HFRCC were obtained through mathematical statistics. Combined with a variable correlation analysis, these indicators should be noted when optimizing the performance of HFRCC. The research results can provide a basis for the preparation of HFRCC.
Towards a Direct Consideration of Microstructure Deformation during Dynamic Recrystallisation Simulations with the Use of Coupled Random Cellular Automata—Finite Element Model
Authors: Pawlikowski Kacper , Sitko Mateusz , Perzyński Konrad , Madej Łukasz
Published: September 2024

Dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) is one of the fundamental phenomena in materials science, significantly impacting the microstructure and mechanical properties of components subjected to large plastic deformations. Experimental research on that topic carried out for a wide range of new metallic materials is often supported by computational materials science. A direct consideration and detailed understanding of this phenomenon are possible with a class of full-field numerical models based on the cellular automata (CA) method. However, the classical CA approach is based on a regular, fixed computational space and has limitations in capturing large deformations of the computational domain. Therefore, the main goal of the work is to develop and implement an alternative solution to overcome this limitation. The proposed solution is based on coupling the finite element (FE) method with the random cellular automata (RCA) approach. Such a model can directly consider the influence of geometrical changes in microstructure during large plastic deformation on recrystallisation progress. Details of the developed RCA DRX model assumptions and coupling issues with FE mesh are discussed. Particular attention is also paid to increasing model efficiency and robustness studies.
Survey of Microstructures and Dimensional Accuracy of Various Microlattice Designs Using Additively Manufactured 718 Superalloy
Authors: Li Huan , Stegman Benjamin , Shen Chao , Zhou Shiyu , Shang Anyu , Chen Yang , Flores Emiliano Joseph , García R. Edwin , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan
Published: September 2024

Microlattices hold significant potential for developing lightweight structures for the aeronautics and astronautics industries. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is an attractive method for producing these structures due to its capacity for achieving high-resolution, intricately designed architectures. However, defects, such as cracks, in the as-printed alloys degrade mechanical properties, particularly tensile strength, and thereby limit their applications. This study examines the effects of microlattice architecture and relative density on crack formation in the as-printed 718 superalloy. Complex microlattice design and higher relative density are more prone to large-scale crack formation. The mechanisms behind these phenomena are discussed. This study reveals that microlattice type and relative density are crucial factors in defect formation in LPBF metallic alloys. The transmission electron microscopy observations show roughly round γ″ precipitates with an average size of 10 nm in the as-printed 718 without heat treatment. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the additive manufacturing of complex microlattices using 718 superalloys towards architectured lightweight structures.
A Study on the Effect of Pd Layer Thickness on the Properties of Cu-Ag Intermetallic Compounds at the Bonding Interface
Authors: Fan Junling , Yuan Donglin , Du Juan , Hou Tao , Wang Furong , Cao Jun , Yang Xuemei , Zhang Yuemin
Published: September 2024

This paper conducted a high-temperature storage test (HTST) on bonded samples made of Pd100 (Pd-coated Cu wire with a Pd layer thickness of 100 nm) and Pd120, and studied the growth law of Cu-Ag intermetallic compounds and the inhibitory mechanism of Pd thickness on Cu-Ag intermetallic compounds. The results show that the Kirkendall effect at the bonding interface of the Pd100-bonded sample is more obvious after the HTST, the sizes of voids and cracks are larger, and the thickness of intermetallic compounds is uneven. But, the bonding interface of the Pd120-bonded sample has almost no microcracks, the Kirkendall voids are small, and the intermetallic compound size is uniform and relatively thin. The formation sequence of intermetallic compounds is as follows: Cu atoms diffuse into the Ag layer to form Ag-rich compounds such as CuAg4 or CuAg2, and then the CuAg forms with the increase in diffused Cu elements. Pd can significantly reduce the Kirkendall effect and slow down the growth of Cu-Ag intermetallic compounds. The growth rate of intermetallic compounds is too fast when the Cu bonding wire has a thin Pd layer, which results in holes and microcracks in the bonding interface and lead to the peeling of the bonding interface. Voids and cracks will hinder the continuous diffusion of Cu and Ag atoms, resulting in the growth of intermetallic compounds being inhibited.
Experimental Study on Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams by Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix
Authors: Jung Chanseo , Seo Yujae , Hong Junseo , Heo Jinhyeong , Cho Hae-Chang , Ju Hyunjin
Published: September 2024

In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate the shear performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened using fabric-reinforced cementitious matrices (FRCM). Four reinforced concrete beams, including a control specimen, were fabricated, and the shear strengthening effect of the FRCM was investigated on eight shear specimens, with the strengthening type and shear reinforcement as key variables. In particular, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was applied to closely analyze the deformation of reinforced concrete beams subjected to shear forces. The average shear strain–shear stress curve of each specimen was derived, and the contributions of shear and bending to the vertical deflection and the change in the principal strain angle with increasing shear force were analyzed. The experiment results showed that all specimens failed with diagonal cracks within the shear span. In the specimens without shear reinforcement, the shear strength increased by up to 65% according to the FRCM strengthening, while in the specimens with shear reinforcement, only the sided bond strengthened specimen showed a strength increase of 16% compared to the control specimen. Based on displacement data of the DIC, it was confirmed that FRCM strengthening can control the deformation of the RC beam. To evaluate the shear strength of the FRCM-strengthened RC beams, a shear strength model was proposed by considering the contributions of the concrete section, shear reinforcement, and FRCM. The proposed model was capable of reasonably evaluating the shear strength of RC beams strengthened with FRCM, considering the shear contribution of FRCM and bond capacity between FRCM and concrete substrate, in which the shear strength of specimens was underestimated by 28% to 35%.
Dual Grain Refinement Effect for Pure Aluminum with the Addition of Micrometer-Sized TiB2 Particles
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhao Chunfang , Song Yihuan , Wang Mingjie , Wang Fei
Published: September 2024

The inefficiency of grain refinement processes has traditionally been attributed to the limited utilization of heterogeneous nucleation particles within master alloy systems, resulting in the formation of abundant inactive particles. This study aims to investigate the alternative influences of particles by incorporating external micrometer-sized TiB2 particles into the grain refinement process. Through a series of experiments, the refinement efficiency, grain refinement mechanism, and resultant microstructure of TiB2 particle-induced grain refinement specimens are comprehensively examined using various microscopy and analytical techniques, including polarization microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our findings demonstrate a direct correlation between increased levels of TiB2 particles and enhanced grain refinement efficiency. Moreover, the microstructure analysis reveals the distribution of TiB2 particles along grain boundaries, forming a coating due to self-assembly phenomena, while regions with a lower particle content may exhibit irregular grain structures. DSC analysis further confirms reduced undercooling, indicating the occurrence of heterogeneous nucleation events. However, TEM observations suggest that heterogeneous nucleation is not significantly influenced by the growth restriction factor attributed to TiAl3 2DC compounds. The grain refinement mechanism involving TiB2 particles is elucidated to entail both heterogeneous nucleation and physical growth restriction effects. Specifically, a reduction in average grain size is attributed not only to heterogeneous nucleation but also to the physical growth restriction effect facilitated by the TiB2 particle coating. This study offers insights into leveraging particles that do not participate in heterogeneous nucleation within master alloy-based grain refinement systems.
Flexible and Ecological Cotton-Based Dosimeter for 2D UV Surface Dose Distribution Measurements
Authors: Sąsiadek-Andrzejczak Elżbieta , Maras Piotr , Kozicki Marek
Published: September 2024

This work presents a 2D radiochromic dosimeter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation measurements, based on cotton fabric volume-modified with nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) as a radiation-sensitive compound. The developed dosimeter is flexible, which allows it to adapt to various shapes and show a color change from yellowish to purple-brown during irradiation. The intensity of the color change depends on the type of UV radiation and is the highest for UVC (253.7 nm). It has been shown that the developed dosimeters (i) can be used for UVC radiation dose measurements in the range of up to 10 J/cm2; (ii) can be measured in 2D using a flatbed scanner; and (iii) can have the obtained images after scanning be filtered with a medium filter to improve their quality by reducing noise from the fabric structure. The developed cotton–NBT dosimeters can measure UVC-absorbed radiation doses on objects of various shapes, and when combined with a dedicated computer software package and a data processing method, they form a comprehensive system for measuring dose distributions for objects with complex shapes. The developed system can also serve as a comprehensive method for assessing the quality and control of UV radiation sources used in various industrial processes.
Effect of Light Irradiance and Curing Duration on Degree of Conversion of Dual-Cure Resin Core in Various Cavities with Different Depths and Diameters
Authors: Lim Ho-Kyung , Keerthana Subramanian , Song So-Yeon , Li Chongyang , Shim Ji Suk , Ryu Jae Jun
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: To compare the degree of conversion of resin cores in various types of cavities and determine an effective irradiation method for achieving a higher degree of conversion. (2) Methods: Four different-sized cavities (narrow–shallow, narrow–deep, wide–shallow, and wide–deep) were simulated using a Teflon mold. The light irradiance reaching the bottom of each mold was measured by positioning a radiometer. The degree of conversion of the dual-cure resin core after irradiation (400 mW/cm2 for 20 s, 400 mW/cm2 for 40 s, and 800 mW/cm2 for 20 s) was measured using Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy. (3) Results: The highest light irradiance was found at the bottom of wide–shallow cavities, followed by wide–deep, narrow–shallow, and narrow–deep ones (p < 0.001). In narrow cavities, irradiation at 800 mW/cm2 for 20 s led to a significantly higher degree of conversion (p < 0.001). In wide cavities, irradiation at 400 mW/cm2 for 40 s and 800 mW/cm2 for 20 s both led to a significantly higher degree of conversion (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Less curing light reaches the bottom of cavities with a smaller diameter and greater depth. Providing a higher irradiance of light can induce a higher degree of conversion of resin composites in narrower cavities.
Visual Recognition Method for Lateral Swing of the Tail Rope
Authors: Zhang Xinge , Meng Guoying , Wang Aiming
Published: September 2024

The large lateral displacement of tail ropes increases the risk of their wear and fracture, posing hidden dangers to the safety of the hoisting system. However, no suitable method is available to recognize the lateral swing of tail ropes online. A target-free visual measurement method, which includes the dual-branch SiamSeg, was proposed in this study. Considering the slender characteristics of tail ropes, the receptive field of the feature extraction network was enhanced via the Receptive Field Module (RFM), thereby strengthening the discriminability and integrity of tail rope features. The consistency loss constraints were added to the segmentation loss function to maximize the time sequence information of the video and further improve the accuracy of pixel-level displacement. Compared with other methods, the proposed approach achieved better segmentation effects. Comparison results synchronously measured by sensors revealed the effectiveness of this method and its potential for practical underground applications.
Analysis and Optimization of Multi-Physical Field Coupling in Boom Flow Channel of Excavator Multiway Valves
Authors: Zheng Ze , Chen Nuoyan , Yuan Xiaoming , Zhang Zongjin , Liu Xiaoping , Ma Zhiao
Published: September 2024

The multiway valve is the core control element of the hydraulic system in construction machinery, such as excavators. Its complex internal structure, especially the flow channels, significantly impacts the machine’s efficiency and reliability. This study focuses on the boom flow channel of excavator multiway valves and establishes a multi-physical field coupling simulation model. We propose six key flow channel structural parameters and analyze changes in the valve’s flow field, temperature field, and structural field using orthogonal test simulation data. The range analysis method identifies the primary and secondary influences of structural parameters on pressure loss, temperature, stress, and strain. A multi-objective optimization model was developed using a neural network and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II(NSGA-II), with pressure loss and maximum stress as the optimization objectives. The Pareto front solution set for key flow channel parameters was calculated. The optimization results showed a 9.0% reduction in pressure loss and a 40.7% reduction in maximum stress. A test bench verified the simulation model, achieving prediction accuracies of 94.8% for pressure loss in the inlet area and 92.3% in the return area. This method can provide a reference for the optimal design of the dynamic characteristics of high-pressure multiway valves.