bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano‐MoO3‐modified MCM‐22 for methane dehydroaromatization
Authors: Hu Jing , Wu Shujie , Li Zhifang , Peng Ling , Fu Xiaoran , Wang Xiufang , Guan Jingqi , Kan Qiubin
Published: July 2015

The work reported was aimed at a simple method to improve the catalytic activity of Mo/HMCM‐22 in methane aromatization. The catalysts were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption, infrared spectra of pyridine adsorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Physicochemical measurements indicated that Mo species with smaller size in HMCM‐22 would sublimate more easily and form Mo species at the atomic/molecular level and then interact well with the internal Brønsted acid sites to form Mo–O–Al active species. Catalytic results confirmed that nano‐MoO3‐modified HMCM‐22 showed higher methane conversion and aromatics yield (13.1 versus 8.9%) than commercial MoO3‐modified HMCM‐22 (11.0 versus 7.5%). In addition, nano‐MoO3‐modified HMCM‐22 showed better durability compared with commercial MoO3‐modified MCM‐22. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and applications in Henry reactions of novel chiral thiazoline tridentate ligands
Authors: Shi Ye , Li Yang , Sun Jingbo , Lai Qi , Wei Chiyu , Gong Zhiyong , Gu Qiang , Song Zhiguang
Published: July 2015

Several novel chiral tridentate ligands containing thiazoline were efficiently synthesized from commercially available l=cysteine in high yield. These ligands were subsequently applied to the asymmetric Henry reaction of nitromethane and various aldehydes. It was found that the structures of the thiazoline ligands had a significant influence on the enantioselectivity. It was shown that the optimal catalyst for this reaction was a ligand complexed with CuCl, which was formed from chiral thiazoline with chiral aminoalcohol. At −20°C, with 10 mol% of this ligand, a product with (S)‐configuration was isolated in 93% yield and 98% enantiomeric excess. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rotational molding of biodegradable composites obtained with PLA reinforced by the wooden backbone of opuntia ficus indica cladodes
Authors: Greco Antonio , Maffezzoli Alfonso
Published: July 2015

This work is aimed to study the suitability of the wooden backbone of opuntia ficus indica cladodes as reinforcement for the production of biodegradable composites by rotational molding. The wooden backbone is extracted from opuntia ficus indica cladodes, which constitute a very relevant agricultural scrap, and is characterized by a thick‐walled cellular structure. In view of the potential of poly‐lactic acid (PLA) for the production of hollow components by rotational molding, the use of the wooden backbone is expected to increase the stiffness of the material. The wooden backbone of opuntia cladodes can be readily incorporated in the wall thickness of rotational molding products, in contrast to other natural fibers in the form of filaments and/or bundles, which are very difficult to use in the rotational molding. The results obtained showed that, although being characterized by lower properties compared with compression‐molded PLA, the bio‐composites are characterized by adequate mechanical properties, higher than those previously found for PLA processed by rotational molding. In view of a potential application for the production of fully biodegradable hollow parts, an increase of stiffness and strength can therefore be attained adopting materials and procedure developed in this work. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42447.
In vitro evaluation of biopolymer networks based on crosslinked cellulose with various diamines
Authors: Movagharnezhad Nasim , Najafi Moghadam Peyman
Published: July 2015

In this study, we investigated some hydrogels based on natural, biodegradable, and biocompatible polysaccharides and cellulose, as sustained release carriers and evaluated their controlled drug release. The crosslinking of bromoacetylated cellulose with various aliphatic and aromatic diamines, such as ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, and paraphenylene diamine, were carried out in N,N‐dimethylformamide in the presence of triethylamine as a base. On the other hand, the synthesized hydrogels were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and CHN elemental analysis. Also, the equilibrium swelling behavior of the hydrogels in water was calculated, and this indicated their sustained expansion. The loading of ceftizoxime antibiotic was carried out on the prepared hydrogels, and the in vitro and drug‐release behaviors were investigated in three different media (HCl solution at pH 3 and bicarbonate buffer solutions at pH 6 and 8). Finally, the release profiles of ceftizoxime from the hydrogels and their loading capacities were determined by ultraviolet–visible absorption measurements at λmax 295 nm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42568.
A low onset voltage WORM type polymer memory based on functional PES
Authors: Fang Jiyong , Zhang Haibo , Wei Wei , Li Yunxi , Yue Xigui , Jiang Zhenhua
Published: July 2015

A high‐performance polymer polyethersulfone (CN‐Azo‐PES), with a flexible ethoxyl linkage between the azobenzene chromophore side chain and the PES backbone, has been designed and successfully synthesized for an application in a WORM type memory device as an active polymer layer. CN‐Azo‐PES has excellent thermal properties with Tg of 151°C and the degradation temperature higher than 373°C, which can contribute to a better performance of the device. The device based on CN‐Azo‐PES exhibits a write‐once read‐many (WORM) type memory performance with an onset voltage as low as −1.0 V and an ON/OFF current ratio higher than 102 at a reading voltage of 0.4 V. Moreover, the data can be maintained for longer than 4 × 105 s once written and can be read for more than 400 cycles under a reading voltage of 0.4 V. Thus CN‐Azo‐PES can serve as an energy saving memory material in the data storage field of next generation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42644.
Structure of the Active Platinum Cluster and Reaction Pathway of the Selective Synthesis of Phenol from Benzene and Oxygen Regulated with Ammonia on a Platinum Cluster/β‐Zeolite Catalyst Studied by DFT Calculations
Authors: Sasaki Takehiko , Tada Mizuki , Wang Linsheng , Malwadkar Sachin , Iwasawa Yasuhiro
Published: July 2015

DFT calculations were used to investigate the structure of the active Pt cluster and the catalytic reaction pathway for the selective synthesis of phenol from benzene and molecular oxygen regulated with ammonia on a Pt cluster/β‐zeolite catalyst that was reported to be active for the selective hydroxylation of benzene only in the coexistence of ammonia. It was found that Pt5–Pt6 clusters were active for the direct synthesis of phenol, and they provided the reaction sites for bond rearrangements among ammonia, oxygen, and benzene; furthermore, the coexistence of ammonia was crucial for the selective oxidation of benzene to phenol, as it suppressed benzene combustion to CO2 and promoted the selective synthesis of phenol. It was further found that water coexisting in the system also played a significant role in desorbing phenol on the Pt cluster surface, which resulted in promotion of the overall selective synthesis of phenol. The energy diagram for the reaction sequences and the structures of the transition states were obtained, which indicated the origin of the Pt/β catalysis.
Liquid‐Crystalline Biomacromolecular Templates for the Formation of Oriented Thin‐Film Hybrids Composed of Ordered Chitin and Alkaline‐Earth Carbonate
Authors: Nishimura Tatsuya , Toyoda Ken , Ito Takahiro , Oaki Yuya , Namatame Yukiko , Kato Takashi
Published: July 2015

Macroscopically ordered inorganic thin films have been formed on unidirectionally oriented, liquid‐crystalline chitin matrices. In the presence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), unidirectionally oriented chitin films act as templates for the formation of oriented thin‐film crystals of alkaline‐earth carbonates such as SrCO3 and BaCO3. The morphology and orientation of crystals are dependent on the metal ion concentration. For SrCO3 crystallization, unidirectional thin films and hexagonal‐shaped thin films have been deposited from 200 and 25 mm concentration strontium solutions, respectively.
Nanomembrane Canister Architectures for the Visualization and Filtration of Oxyanion Toxins with One‐Step Processing
Authors: Aboelmagd Ahmed , El‐Safty Sherif A. , Shenashen Mohamed A. , Elshehy Emad A. , Khairy Mohamed , Sakaic Masaru , Yamaguchi Hitoshi
Published: July 2015

Nanomembrane canister‐like architectures were fabricated by using hexagonal mesocylinder‐shaped aluminosilica nanotubes (MNTs)–porous anodic alumina (PAA) hybrid nanochannels. The engineering pattern of the MNTs inside a 60 μm‐long membrane channel enabled the creation of unique canister‐like channel necks and cavities. The open‐tubular canister architecture design provides controllable, reproducible, and one‐step processing patterns of visual detection and rejection/permeation of oxyanion toxins such as selenite (SeO32−) in aquatic environments (i.e., in ground and river water sources) in the Ibaraki Prefecture of Japan. The decoration of organic ligand moieties such as omega chrome black blue (OCG) into inorganic Al2O3@tubular SiO2/Al2O3 canister membrane channel cavities led to the fabrication of an optical nanomembrane sensor (ONS). The OCG ligand was not leached from the canister as observed in washing, sensing, and recovery assays of selenite anions in solution, which enabled its multiple reuse. The ONS makes a variety of alternate processing analyses of selective quantification, visual detection, rejection/permeation, and recovery of toxic selenite quick and simple without using complex instrumentation. Under optimal conditions, the ONS canister exhibited a high selectivity toward selenite anions relative to other ions and a low‐level detection limit of 0.0093 μm. Real analytical data showed that approximately 96 % of SeO32− anions can be recovered from aquatic and wastewater samples. The ONS canister holds potential for field recovery applications of toxic selenite anions from water.
Gamma rays from a supernova of type Ia: SN2014J
Authors: Diehl R.
Published: July 2015

SN2014J is the closest supernova of type Ia that occurred in the last 40 years. This provides an opportunity for unprecedented observational detail and coverage in many astronomical bands, which will help to better understand the still unknown astro‐physics of these supernovae. For the first time, such an event occurs sufficiently nearby so that also γ‐rays are able to contribute to such investigations. This is important, as the primary source of the supernova light is the radioactive energy from about 0.5 M⊙ of 56Ni produced in the explosion, and the γ rays associated with this decay make the supernova shine for months. The INTEGRAL γ‐ray observatory of ESA has followed the supernova emission for almost 5 months. The characteristic γ‐ray lines from the 56Ni decay chain through 56Co to 56Fe have been measured. We discuss these observations, and the implications of the measured γ‐ray line characteristics as they evolve. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
HectoMAPping the Universe
Authors: Geller Margaret J. , Hwang Ho Seong
Published: July 2015

During the last three decades progress in mapping the Universe from an age of 400 000 years to the present has been stunning. Instrument/telescope combinations have naturally determined the sampling of various redshift ranges. Here we outline the impact of the Hectospec on the MMT on exploration of the Universe in the redshift range 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 0.8. We focus on dense redshift surveys, SHELS and HectoMAP. SHELS is a complete magnitude limited survey covering 8 square degrees. The HectoMAP survey combines a red‐selected dense redshift survey and a weak lensing map covering 50 square degrees. Combining the dense redshift survey with a Subaru HyperSuprimeCam (HSC) weak lensing map will provide a powerful probe of the way galaxies trace the distribution of dark matter on a wide range of physical scales. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Variabiity of young stellar objects: Accretion, disks, outflows, and magnetic activity
Authors: Stelzer B.
Published: July 2015

Variability is a key characteristic of young stars. Two major origins may be distinguished: a scaled‐up version of the magnetic activity seen on main‐sequence stars and various processes related to circumstellar disks, accretion, and outflows. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CMV‐induced embryonic mouse organ of corti dysplasia: Network architecture of dysfunctional lateral inhibition
Authors: Melnick Michael , Jaskoll Tina
Published: July 2015

Background

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the major nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss at birth and beyond. Among other pathologies, there is a striking dysplasia/hyperplasia of organ of Corti hair and supporting cells.

Methods

Using an in vitro embryonic mouse model of cytomegalovirus‐induced cochlear teratogenesis that mimics the known human pathology, and functional signaling network modeling, we tested the hypothesis that cytomegalovirus disrupts the highly ordered organ of Corti hair and supporting cells pattern by dysregulating Notch and Fgfr3, their cognate ligands and downstream effectors.

Results

Several novel emergent properties of the critical lateral inhibition subnetwork became apparent. The subnetwork has classic small‐world properties such as short paths between most gene pairs, few long‐distance links, and considerable clustering. Concomitantly, the calculated probability that our specific gene expression dataset is from dysplastic organs of Corti is highly significant (p < 1 × 10−12). Furthermore, we determined that the subnetwork has a highly heterogeneous scale‐free topology in which the highly linked genes (hubs),NotchandFgfr3, play a central role in mediating interactions among the less linked genes.

Conclusion

This phenomenon has important biologic and therapeutic implications. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:573–582, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors associated with inpatient hospitalizations among patients aged 1 to 64 years with Congenital heart defects, Arkansas 2006 to 2011
Authors: Simeone Regina M. , Oster Matthew E. , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Robbins James M. , Thomas Collins R. , Honein Margaret A.
Published: July 2015

Background

Individuals with congenital heart defects (CHDs) have high hospital resource use. We sought to identify factors associated with hospital costs and multiple hospitalizations among individuals with CHDs.

Methods

Data from the 2006 to 2011 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Arkansas State Inpatient Databases were linked across encrypted patient identifiers to develop a cohort of Arkansas residents aged 1 to 64 years who were hospitalized at least once with a CHD during this time period. Infants were excluded because patient identifiers were missing for 18 to 52% each year. CHDs were identified using principal and secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses codes. All hospitalizations of individuals ever admitted with a CHD were included. Mean and median patient‐level costs were estimated; the association of hospital costs and patient readmissions were examined with linear and logistic regression.

Results

There were 1,185,868 inpatient hospitalizations of Arkansas residents aged 1 to 64 years between 2006 and 2011; these were accrued by 603,925 patients. Of those, 2542 patients (0.42%) had at least one hospitalization with a CHD diagnosis. Total costs for these 2542 patients were $126,999,837 and they accumulated 7898 hospitalizations. Factors associated with increased costs included patient age, CHD type, cardiac procedures, and comorbidities. Factors associated with hospital readmission within 1 year included age, CHD type, expected payer, and comorbidities.

Conclusion

Individuals with CHDs in Arkansas experience variation in hospital use and costs by patient characteristics. Future research should investigate factors associated with readmissions, cardiac procedures, and comorbidities, as these are strongly associated with hospital costs. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:589–596, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of Reported Durations of Behavior in Applied Behavioral Research
Authors: Sharp Rebecca A. , Mudford Oliver C.
Published: July 2015

Duration is a commonly measured dimension of behavior in behavioral research and clinical practice. An approach to studies of measurement in behavior analysis is to simulate streams of behavior from which samples can be extracted. It is therefore important to establish a typical range and distribution of behavioral durations on which simulated behavioral data should be based. We conducted an analysis of behavioral durations reported in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis between 2008 and 2012. The range and distribution of data points across different durations will be presented, as well as an analysis of the reliability of the software used to measure each data point. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the interactions of mapenterol with serum albumins using multi‐spectroscopy and molecular docking
Authors: Bi Shuyun , Zhao Tingting , Wang Yu , Zhou Huifeng
Published: July 2015

The interactions of mapenterol with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) have been investigated systematically using fluorescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking techniques. Mapenterol has a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and HSA through static quenching procedures. At 291 K, the binding constants, Ka, were 1.93 × 103 and 2.73 × 103 L/mol for mapenterol–BSA and mapenterol–HAS, respectively. Electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interactions played important roles in stabilizing the mapenterol–BSA/has complex. Using site marker competitive studies, mapenterol was found to bind at Sudlow site I on BSA/HSA. There was little effect of K+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe3+ on the binding. The conformation of BSA/HSA was changed by mapenterol, as seen from the synchronous fluorescence spectra. The CD spectra showed that the binding of mapenterol to BSA/HSA changed the secondary structure of BSA/HSA. Molecular docking further confirmed that mapenterol could bind to Sudlow site I of BSA/HSA. According to Förster non‐radiative energy transfer theory (FRET), the distances r0 between the donor and acceptor were calculated as 3.18 and 2.75 nm for mapenterol–BSA and mapenterol–HAS, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding peptide competitive inhibition of botulinum neurotoxin a binding to SV2 protein via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Chang Shan , He Hong‐Qiu , Shen Lin , Wan Hua
Published: July 2015

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are known as the most toxic natural substances. Synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) has been proposed to be a protein receptor for BoNT/A. Recently, two short peptides (BoNT/A‐A2 and SV2C‐A3) were designed to inhibit complex formation between the BoNT/A receptor‐binding domain (BoNT/A‐RBD) and the synaptic vesicle protein 2C luminal domain (SV2C‐LD). In this article, the two peptide complex systems are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The structural stability analysis indicates that BoNT/A‐A2 system is more stable than SV2C‐A3 system. The conformational analysis implies that the β‐sheet in BoNT/A‐A2 system maintains its secondary structure but the two β‐strands in SV2C‐A3 system have remarkable conformational changes. Based on the calculation of hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and cation‐π interactions, it is found that the internal hydrogen bonds play crucial roles in the structural stability of the peptides. Because of the stable secondary structure, the β‐sheet in BoNT/A‐A2 system establishes effective interactions at the interface and inhibits BoNT/A‐RBD binding to SV2C‐LD. In contrast, without other β‐strands forming internal hydrogen bonds, the two isolated β‐strands in SV2C‐A3 system become the random coil. This conformational change breaks important hydrogen bonds and weakens cation‐π interaction in the interface, so the complex formation is only partially inhibited by the two β‐strands. These results are consistent with experimental studies and may be helpful in understanding the inhibition mechanisms of peptide inhibitors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 597–608, 2015.
Convenient synthesis of collagen‐related tripeptides for segment condensation
Authors: Ellison Aubrey J. , VanVeller Brett , Raines Ronald T.
Published: July 2015

Chromatography is a common step in the solution‐phase synthesis of typical peptides, as well as peptide fragments for subsequent coupling on a solid support. Combining known reagents that form readily separable byproducts is shown to eliminate this step, which wastes time and other resources. Specifically, activating carboxyl groups with isobutyl chloroformate or as pentafluorophenyl esters and using N‐methyl morpholine as a base enable chromatography‐free synthetic routes in which peptide products are isolated from byproducts by facile evaporation, extraction, and trituration. This methodology was used to access tripeptides related to collagen, such as Fmoc‐Pro‐Pro‐Gly‐OH and Fmoc‐Pro‐Hyp(tBu)‐Gly‐OH, in a purity suitable for solid‐phase segment condensation to form collagen mimetic peptides. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 674–681, 2015.
A semester‐long project‐oriented biochemistry laboratory based on Helicobacter pylori urease
Authors: Farnham Kate R. , Dube Danielle H.
Published: July 2015

Here we present the development of a 13 week project‐oriented biochemistry laboratory designed to introduce students to foundational biochemical techniques and then enable students to perform original research projects once they have mastered these techniques. In particular, we describe a semester‐long laboratory that focuses on a biomedically relevant enzyme—Helicobacter pylori (Hp) urease—the activity of which is absolutely required for the gastric pathogen Hp to colonize the human stomach. Over the course of the semester, students undertake a biochemical purification of Hp urease, assess the success of their purification, and investigate the activity of their purified enzyme. In the final weeks of the semester, students design and implement their own experiments to study Hp urease. This laboratory provides students with an understanding of the importance of biochemistry in human health while empowering them to engage in an active area of research. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(5):333–340, 2015.
A robust and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitative analysis of 5‐azacytidine
Authors: Anders Nicole M. , Wanjiku Teresia M. , He Ping , Azad Nilofer S. , Rudek Michelle A.
Published: July 2015

The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐azacytidine is being evaluated clinically as an oral formulation to treat various solid tumors. A sensitive, reliable method was developed to quantitate 5‐azacytidine using LC‐MS/MS to perform detailed pharmacokinetic studies. The drug of interest was extracted from plasma using Oasis MCX ion exchange solid‐phase extraction 96‐well plates. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a YMC J'sphere M80 C18 column and isocratic elution with a methanol–water–formic acid (15:85:0.1, v/v/v) mobile phase over a 7 min total analytical run time. An AB Sciex 5500 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive electrospray ionization mode was used for the detection of 5‐azacytidine. The assay range was 5–500 ng/mL and proved to be accurate (97.8–109.1%) and precise (CV ≤ 9.8%). Tetrahydrouridine was used to stabilize 5‐azacytidine in blood/plasma samples. With the addition of tetrahydrouridine, long‐term frozen plasma stability for 5‐azacytidine at −70°C has been determined for at least 323 days. The method was applied for the measurement of total plasma concentrations of 5‐azacytidine in a cancer patient receiving a 300 mg oral daily dose. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Haber process and steam‐coal gasification: Two standard thermodynamic problems elucidated using two distinct approaches
Authors: Binous Housam , Aheed Ahmed , Hossain Mohammad M.
Published: July 2015

The present study shows how the direct Gibbs free energy minimization technique is sometimes superior to the reaction coordinates—equilibrium constants method when the thermodynamic analysis of complex systems is performed. In this respect, the above two methods are applied for two different processes to determine their equilibrium compositions: (1) the Haber process: a simple problem consisting of a single gas‐phase reaction where both methods are expected to give the same result and (2) steam‐coal gasification process which is more complex since it involves numerous reactions and solid‐phase chemical species (i.e., coal or carbon). Thus, in the second case the reaction coordinates—equilibrium constants method fails to provide correct predictions of the equilibrium composition. In addition, the authors give the optimum conditions for the two processes: high pressure for Haber process and high temperature for steam‐coal gasification in agreement with LeChatelier principle. In order to deal with deviation from the ideal‐case assumption, the Peng–Robinson Equation of State (PR EOS) is implemented for both techniques and both case studies. All computations and figures are generated using a single computer algebra, Mathematica©. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 24:58–70, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21672
Protecting the normal in order to better kill the cancer
Authors: Liu Bingya , Ezeogu Lewis , Zellmer Lucas , Yu Baofa , Xu Ningzhi , Joshua Liao Dezhong
Published: July 2015

Chemotherapy is the only option for oncologists when a cancer has widely spread to different body sites. However, almost all currently available chemotherapeutic drugs will eventually encounter resistance after their initial positive effect, mainly because cancer cells develop genetic alterations, collectively coined herein as mutations, to adapt to the therapy. Some patients may still respond to a second chemo drug, but few cases respond to a third one. Since it takes time for cancer cells to develop new mutations and then select those life‐sustaining ones via clonal expansion, “run against time for mutations to emerge” should be a crucial principle for treatment of those currently incurable cancers. Since cancer cells constantly change to adapt to the therapy whereas normal cells are stable, it may be a better strategy to shift our focus from killing cancer cells per se to protecting normal cells from chemotherapeutic toxicity. This new strategy requires the development of new drugs that are nongenotoxic and can quickly, in just hours or days, kill cancer cells without leaving the still‐alive cells with time to develop mutations, and that should have their toxicities confined to only one or few organs, so that specific protections can be developed and applied.
Legalized marijuana use doesn't apply to college student‐athletes
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: July 2015

A former student‐athlete recently tweeted about the use of marijuana in college sports and how he had helped a teammate “beat” a substance abuse test.
Did delay in filing suit give advantage to university?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: July 2015

Gerald Flunder — a member of Arizona State University's football team — sustained a serious knee injury in 2008. Surgery was mildly successful, but symptoms of nerve damage persisted.
Quercetin modulates keratoconus metabolism in vitro
Authors: McKay Tina B , Sarker‐Nag Akhee , Lyon Desiree' , Asara John M , Karamichos Dimitrios
Published: July 2015

Corneal scarring is the result of a disease, infection or injury. The resulting scars cause significant loss of vision or even blindness. To‐date, the most successful treatment is corneal transplantation, but it does not come without side effects. One of the corneal dystrophies that are correlated with corneal scarring is keratoconus (KC). The onset of the disease is still unknown; however, altered cellular metabolism has been linked to promoting the fibrotic phenotype and therefore scarring. We have previously shown that human keratoconus cells (HKCs) have altered metabolic activity when compared to normal human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs). In our current study, we present evidence that quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a strong candidate for regulating metabolic activity of both HCFs and HKCs in vitro and therefore a potential therapeutic to target the altered cellular metabolism characteristic of HKCs. Targeted mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics was performed on HCFs and HKCs with and without quercetin treatment in order to identify variations in metabolite flux. Overall, our study reveals a novel therapeutic target OF Quercetin on corneal stromal cell metabolism in both healthy and diseased states. Clearly, further studies are necessary in order to dissect the mechanism of action of quercetin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ribosomal Synthesis of Natural‐Product‐Like Bicyclic Peptides in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bionda Nina , Fasan Rudi
Published: July 2015

Methods to access natural‐product‐like macrocyclic peptides can disclose new opportunities for the exploration of this important structural class for chemical biology and drug discovery applications. Here, the scope and mechanism of a novel strategy for directing the biosynthesis of thioether‐bridged bicyclic peptides in bacterial cells was investigated. This method entails split intein‐catalyzed head‐to‐tail cyclization of a ribosomally produced precursor peptide, combined with inter‐side‐chain crosslinking through a genetically encoded cysteine‐reactive amino acid. This strategy could be successfully applied to achieve formation of structurally diverse bicyclic peptides with high efficiency and selectivity in Escherichia coli. Insights into the sequence of reactions underlying the peptide bicyclization process were gained from time‐course experiments. Finally, the potential utility of this methodology toward the discovery of macrocyclic peptides with enhanced functional properties was demonstrated through the isolation of a bicyclic peptide with sub‐micromolar affinity for streptavidin.
On the use of the observation‐wise k‐fold operation in PCA cross‐validation
Authors: Saccenti Edoardo , Camacho José
Published: July 2015

Cross‐validation (CV) is a common approach for determining the optimal number of components in a principal component analysis model. To guarantee the independence between model testing and calibration, the observation‐wise k‐fold operation is commonly implemented in each cross‐validation step. This operation renders the CV algorithm computationally intensive, and it is the main limitation to apply CV on very large data sets. In this paper, we carry out an empirical and theoretical investigation of the use of this operation in the element‐wise k‐fold (ekf) algorithm, the state‐of‐the‐art CV algorithm. We show that when very large data sets need to be cross‐validated and the computational time is a matter of concern, the observation‐wise k‐fold operation can be skipped. The theoretical properties of the resulting modified algorithm, referred to as column‐wise k‐fold (ckf) algorithm, are derived. Also, its performance is evaluated with several artificial and real data sets. We suggest the ckf algorithm to be a valid alternative to the standard ekf to reduce the computational time needed to cross‐validate a data set. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Magnetic Properties of Rare Earth Double Perovskites Containing Antimony or Bismuth Ba2LnMO6 (Ln: Rare Earths; M: Sb, Bi).
Authors: Otsuka Shumpei , Hinatsu Yukio
Published: July 2015

The title compounds are synthesized by solid state reaction using BaCO3, Ln2O3 (Ln: Y, La, Nd, Sm—Gd, Dy—Lu), Sb2O3, and Bi2O3 as starting materials (1300 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Family of Rare Earth Molybdenum Bronzes: Oxides Consisting of Periodic Arrays of Interacting Magnetic Units.
Authors: Schneemeyer L. F. , Siegrist T. , Besara T. , Lundberg M. , Sun J. , Singh D. J.
Published: July 2015

The compounds LnMo16O44 (Ln: Y, La—Lu) are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of Ln2O3, Mo, and MoO3 (silica tubes, 700 °C, 5 d) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, magnetic measurements, and DFT electronic structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of New Potassium Silicates and Aluminosilicates of Sm, Tb, Gd, and Yb and Their Relation to the Armstrongite (CaZr(Si6O15)·3H2O) Structure.
Authors: Taroev Vladimir K. , Kashaev Anvar A. , Malcherek Thomas , Goettlicher Joerg , Kaneva Ekaterina V. , Vasiljev Alexander D. , Suvorova Ludmila F. , Suvorova Daria S. , Tauson Vladimir L.
Published: July 2015

K7.814Sm3Si12O32 (OH)0.814·0.77H2O (I), K7.04Tb3Si12O32.02 ·1.36H2O (II), K2GdAlSi4O12·0.25H2O (III), K2SmAlSi4O12·0.375H2O (IV), and K4Yb2Si8O21 (V) are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of Ln2O3 (Ln: Yb, Sm, Tb, Gd), SiO2, Al2O3, and KOH (autoclave equipped with either copper or nickel containers, 500 °C, 30 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Study of the Structure of Na9Cr(MoO4)6
Authors: Dridi Wassim , Ennajeh Ines , Zid Mohamed Faouzi
Published: July 2015

The title compound is prepared by solid‐state reaction of Na2CO3, Cr(NO3)3, and (NH4)6Mo7O24 (798 K, a few days).
ChemInform Abstract: The Double Nitrate NaRb2(NO3)3, Intermediate Compound in the Binary Isobaric System NaNO3 + RbNO3; Thermal and Crystallographic Study.
Authors: Ksiksi Nesrine , Driss Mohamed , Hellali Dalila , Guesmi Abderrahmen , Zamali Hmida
Published: July 2015

Crystallographic and thermodynamic investigations of the NaNO3—RbNO3 phase diagram at ambient pressure reveal the existence of NaRb2(NO3)3 (451 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Transport, Magnetic and Magnetoelectric Properties of CaMn1‐xFexO3‐δ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4).
Authors: Singh Brajendra
Published: July 2015

Polycrystalline CaMn1‐xFexO3‐δ (x = 0—0.4) manganites are prepared by calcination of stoichiometric amounts of CaCO3, MnO2, and Fe2O3 (950 °C, 2 d) followed by sintering in air (1300 °C, 1 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectrochemical Reaction for the Efficient Production of Hydrogen and High‐Value‐Added Oxidation Reagents.
Authors: Fuku Kojiro , Wang Nini , Miseki Yugo , Funaki Takashi , Sayama Kazuhiro
Published: July 2015

A porous and thick photoelectrode of monoclinic WO3 is prepared on F‐doped SnO2 conductive glass by repeated (12 times) spin coating of an aqueous solution containing H2WO4 and PEG‐300 followed by calcination (550 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterostructure of Si and CoSe2: A Promising Photocathode Based on a Non‐noble Metal Catalyst for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution.
Authors: Basu Mrinmoyee , Zhang Zhi‐Wei , Chen Chih‐Jung , Chen Po‐Tzu , Yang Kai‐Chih , Ma Chong‐Geng , Lin Chun Che , Hu Shu‐Fen , Liu Ru‐Shi
Published: July 2015

Semiconductive marcasite‐type CoSe2 nanorods are prepared by hydrothermal reaction of CoCl2 and Se in aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Water Splitting over Rod‐Shaped K3Ta3Si2O13 and Block‐Shaped Ba3Ta6Si4O26 Prepared by Flux Method.
Authors: Takayama Tomoaki , Iwase Akihide , Kudo Akihiko
Published: July 2015

K3Ta3Si2O13 and Ba3Ta6Si4O26 particles are prepared by calcination of a mixture of BaCO3, Ta2O5, and SiO2 in air (Pt crucible, 1423 K, 10 h) and by a KCl flux method (Al2O3 crucible, 1423 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 Loaded with MoS2 as a Co‐Catalyst for Enhanced Photo‐catalytic Activity.
Authors: Gogoi Gaurangi , Arora Sonia , Vinothkumar Natarajan , De Mahuya , Qureshi Mohammad
Published: July 2015

A composite photocatalyst of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) containing 1% MoS2 is prepared by hydrothermal reaction using Cu(OAc)2, Zn(NO3)2, and SnCl2 in a H2O/en (9:1) solution to which SC(NH2)2 is added dropwise (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Chalcohalides, NaBa2SnS4Cl, KBa2SnS4Cl, KBa2SnS4Br and CsBa2SnS4Cl: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Optical Properties.
Authors: Li Chao , Feng Kai , Tu Heng , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: July 2015

Single crystals of the new title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of equimolar mixtures of MX (M: Na, K, Cs; X: Cl, Br), BaS, and SnS2 (fused silica tubes, Ar, 1123 K, 48 ).
ChemInform Abstract: The Cluster Compound In4Ti1.5Mo0.5Mo14O26 Containing Mo14 Clusters and the New Mono‐ and Bi‐Capped Trioctahedral Mo15 and Mo16 Clusters: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electrical and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Gall Philippe , Guizouarn Thierry , Gougeon Patrick
Published: July 2015

Single crystals of the new title compound are prepared by solid state reaction of In2O3, TiO2, MoO3, and Mo (sealed Mo crucible, 1400 °C, 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis of Rhombohedral α‐AgGaO2 via Direct Solid State Reaction.
Authors: Akhtar Meysam , Menon Madhu , Sunkara Mahendra , Sumanasekera Gamini , Durygin Andriy , Jasinski Jacek B.
Published: July 2015

α‐AgGaO2 is prepared via hot pressing of Ag2O and Ga2O3 (diamond anvil cell, 10 GPa, 600 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Silylboronates in the Chiral Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Allylboration of Aldehydes.
Authors: Barrio Pablo , Rodriguez Elsa , Saito Kodai , Fustero Santos , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: July 2015

Functionalized allylboronic esters are used for the catalytic enantioselective allylboration of various aldehydes affording α‐silyl homoallylic alcohols with complete diastereoselectivities and high enantioselectivities in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Pd‐Catalyzed Tandem Allylic Rearrangement/Intramolecular Decarboxylative Coupling of Aryl Propiolates Derived from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Satyanarayana Tummanapalli , Vangapandu Dhanunjaya Naidu , Muthuraman Parthasarathy , Nizalapur Shashidhar
Published: July 2015

Starting from aryl propiolates of Baylis—Hillman alcohols an important class of 1,5‐bisarylpent‐1‐en‐4‐ynes is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Convenient Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids and Esters with H2O2 Catalyzed by Co4HP2Mo15V3O62 in Ionic Liquid [TEBSA][BF4].
Authors: Hu Yu‐Lin , Li De‐Jiang , Li Dong‐Sheng
Published: July 2015

An eco‐friendly, easy, and efficient recyclable approach to carboxylic esters, acids, and lactones via oxidation is introduced.
ChemInform Abstract: Osmium on Chelate Resin: Nonvolatile Catalyst for the Synthesis of Diols from Alkenes.
Authors: Monguchi Yasunari , Wakayama Fumika , Takada Hitoshi , Sawama Yoshinari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: July 2015

A wide range of alkenes are oxidized to the corresponding diols using NMO as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Nitration of Anilides and Acrylamides by tert‐Butyl Nitrite.
Authors: Ji Yi‐fei , Yan Hong , Jiang Qi‐bai
Published: July 2015

The Cu‐catalyzed ortho‐regioselective nitration of anilines at the N‐aryl substituent using tBu‐O‐NO in the presence of air as oxidant is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Aminoallenes: An Approach to Vinyl Substituted Heterocycles.
Authors: Broggini Gianluigi , Poli Giovanni , Beccalli Egle M. , Brusa Filippo , Gazzola Silvia , Oble Julie
Published: July 2015

The title reaction goes through an intramolecular exo‐hydroamination to afford five, six, or seven‐membered 1,3‐diaza‐ or 1,3‐oxaza‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Approach Toward the Generation of Benzylic Zinc Reagent: Direct Oxidative Addition of Active Zinc into the Carbon—Oxygen Bond of Benzyl Mesylates.
Authors: Jung Hye‐Soo , Kim Seung‐Hoi
Published: July 2015

Halide‐free benzylic zinc reagents are prepared and successfully utilized in subsequent cross‐coupling reactions with a wide range of electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Cs2CO3‐Promoted Carboxylation of N‐Tosylhydrazones with Carbon Dioxide Toward α‐Arylacrylic Acids.
Authors: Sun Song , Yu Jin‐Tao , Jiang Yan , Cheng Jiang
Published: July 2015

The procedure includes Cs2CO3 as the base at +80 °C and is thus quite different from the traditional Shapiro reaction (BuLi at ‐78 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Task‐Specific Ionic Liquid and CO2‐Cocatalyzed Efficient Hydration of Propargylic Alcohols to α‐Hydroxy Ketones.
Authors: Zhao Yanfei , Yang Zhenzhen , Yu Bo , Zhang Hongye , Xu Huanjun , Hao Leiduan , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: July 2015

A green, metal‐free method for the efficient hydration of propargylic alcohols to produce α‐hydroxy ketones is developed using an ionic liquid and CO2 as catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ethers Using Alcohols as Alkylating Reagents.
Authors: Liu Yongxiang , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Yanshi , Du Chuan , Shi Hui , Jin Shengfei , Jiang Chongguo , Xiao Jianyong , Cheng Maosheng
Published: July 2015

A straightforward process for the formation of tert‐butyl‐, benzyl‐, Pmb‐, and trityl‐protected alcohols is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Aminocarbonylation of Alkenes: Efficient Access of β‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Cheng Jiashun , Qi Xiaoxu , Li Ming , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng
Published: July 2015

The first Pd‐catalyzed broad‐scope intermolecular aminocarbonylation of styrenes as well as unactivated aliphatic alkenes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Fluorination and Mannich Reactions of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Pham Kenny , Huang Xin , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2015

Starting from 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, aromatic or hetaromatic amines and aromatic or hetaromatic aldehydes the one‐pot two‐step reaction process provides access to a series of α‐fluoro‐α‐ amino methylated 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Functionalization of Terminal Alkynes Towards Stereospecific Synthesis of (E) or (Z) 2‐Methylthio‐1,4‐ene‐diones.
Authors: Devari Shekaraiah , Kumar Arvind , Deshidi Ramesh , Shah Bhahwal Ali
Published: July 2015

An efficient metal free tandem protocol for stereospecific synthesis of 2‐thio‐1,4‐enediones involving C—C double bond formation via direct coupling of terminal alkynes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Naphthoquinone‐Derived Polycycles Through Oxidative Dearomatization and Aminocatalysis.
Authors: Pantaine Loic , Coeffard Vincent , Moreau Xavier , Greck Christine
Published: July 2015

An enantioselective process involving dearomatization and asymmetric aminocatalysis is developed for the synthesis of polycyclic and/or bridged products (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for the One‐Pot Reductive Functionalization of Secondary Amides.
Authors: Huang Pei‐Qiang , Huang Ying‐Hong , Xiao Kai‐Jiong , Wang Yu , Xia Xiao‐Er
Published: July 2015

The process involves 4 steps in one pot to produce a broad spectrum of amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Chiral Fluoroalkyl α,β‐Unsaturated N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Ketimines: A General and Efficient Access to α‐Tertiary Fluoroalkyl Allylic Amines and α‐Fluoroalkyl α‐AminoAcids.
Authors: Liu Peng , Liu Zhen‐Jiang , Wu Fanhong
Published: July 2015

The target α‐fluoroalkyl amino acids are accessible via a 6‐step sequence in high overall yield with retention of the newly generated stereocenter.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl C(sp2)—H Bond Hydroxylation of 2‐Arylpyridine Using TBHP as Oxidant.
Authors: Dong Jiawei , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: July 2015

The process is successful with TBHP as the sole oxidant in the absence of any ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: O2‐Mediated Dehydrogenative Amination of Phenols.
Authors: Louillat‐Habermeyer Marie‐Laure , Jin Rongwei , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: July 2015

The direct dehydrogenative construction of C—N bonds between unprotected phenols and a series of cyclic anilines is achieved without any kind of metal activation of either substrate and without use of halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Ketones.
Authors: Zuo Ziqing , Zhang Lei , Leng Xuebing , Huang Zheng
Published: July 2015

A new iron complex ligated by a chiral iminopyridine‐oxazoline is used as a highly efficient catalyst for asymmetric hydrosilylation reactions of aryl ketones to afford optically pure secondary aryl alcohols with moderate to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Mild Ni0‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Ketones Using Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Fernandez‐Salas Jose A. , Marelli Enrico , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: July 2015

Four NHC ligands are prepared and tested in cinnamyl‐based Ni complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentanone as a Cation‐Stabilizing Electron‐Pair Donor in the Calcium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Carbohydroxylation of Alkynes.
Authors: Stopka Tobias , Niggemann Meike
Published: July 2015

For the first time, an intermolecular carbohydroxylation of aryl alkynes using secondary or tertiary benzylic, propargylic, or allylic alcohols including cyclic ones as the alkylating agents is successfully performed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative C—H Carbonylation for the Synthesis of o‐Aminobenzoates.
Authors: Li Wu , Duan Zhengli , Jiang Ru , Lei Aiwen
Published: July 2015

Starting from N‐alkylaniline derivatives, primary or secondary alcohols, and carbon monoxide, a range of 2‐aminobenzoates is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Enabled Synthesis of Anhydrides and Amides.
Authors: McCallum Terry , Barriault Louis
Published: July 2015

The procedures A) and B) are highly efficient for the preparation of the title compounds in a one‐pot process.
ChemInform Abstract: S‐Triazene Based Fluorous Coupling Reagent for Direct Amide Synthesis.
Authors: Mangawa Shrawan Kumar , Bagh Sangram Keshari , Sharma Kumkum , Awasthi Satish K.
Published: July 2015

Alkyl, benzyl, aryl, and hetaryl carboxylic acids are successfully coupled with primary aliphatic and aromatic amines as well as secondary aliphatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: RhI‐Catalyzed Benzo/[7 + 1] cycloaddition of Cyclopropyl‐Benzocyclobutenes and CO by Merging Thermal and Metal‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Cleavages.
Authors: Fu Xu‐Fei , Xiang Yu , Yu Zhi‐Xiang
Published: July 2015

A rhodium catalyzed [7 + 1] cycloaddition of cyclopropyl‐ and siloxy‐substituted benzocyclobutenes with carbon monoxide under thermal conditions gives benzocyclooctadienones in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)/Copper(II)‐Cocatalyzed Tandem Cyclization/Semipinacol Reaction: Construction of 6‐Aza/Oxa‐Spiro[4.5]decane Skeletons and Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Halichlorine.
Authors: Zhu Dao‐Yong , Zhang Zhen , Mou Xue‐Qing , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Zhang Fu‐Min , Peng Jin‐Bao , Wang Shao‐Hua , Zhang Shu‐Yu
Published: July 2015

The formal synthesis of halichlorine (XII) has been conducted via intermediate (XI) (1.5% overall yield over 11 steps) starting from compound (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Base Catalyzed Domino and Self‐Domino Michael—Aldol Reactions: One‐Pot Synthesis of Dispirocyclopentaneoxindoles Containing Multiple Chiral Stereocenters.
Authors: Suman Koorathota , Thennarasu Sathiah
Published: July 2015

Three classes of densely functionalized dispirocyclopentaneoxindoles containing multiple stereocenters are synthesized via base‐promoted domino‐ and self‐domino reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Alkynylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Form Polysubstituted Furans via .pi±pi. Activation.
Authors: Roslan Irwan Iskandar , Sun Jiulong , Chuah Gaik‐Khuan , Jaenicke Stephan
Published: July 2015

The title reaction features mild and ligand‐free reaction conditions and short reaction times.