bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Testing Methods for Evaluating Thermoplastic Permanent Pavement Markings
Authors: Jo Hyungyung , Giroux Matthew , Erk Kendra A. , Davis Chelsea S.
Published: May 2022

The durability of permanent pavement markings (PPMs) on roadways is important for drivers’ safety. There are two primary mechanical failure modes: cohesive failure that occurs internally in PPMs through small defects, such as internal pores, and adhesive failure that occurs along the interface between PPMs and road surfaces. Thus, it is critical to characterize the intrinsic mechanical properties of PPMs as well as the adhesion of PPMs on road surfaces to understand their mechanical performance and, ultimately, the durability of PPMs. In this study, the flexural modulus and strength of PPMs were characterized via three-point bend testing, while fracture toughness was determined with single edge notch bend testing. To analyze the adhesive performance of PPMs on asphalt, a shear adhesion testing approach was developed to measure the apparent debonding energy of PPM specimens on asphalt. The shear adhesion test was performed on asphalt road surfaces and cut surfaces to investigate the chemical and mechanical interfacial effects on adhesion. Two commercial thermoplastic PPMs with different mechanical properties were investigated to study how various factors directly affect the adhesion of PPMs on asphalt surfaces. Through mechanical tests, the relationships between the intrinsic materials properties and the mechanical performance of PPMs on asphalt were studied. A PPM material that had lower modulus and higher deformation energy exhibited greater adhesion performance on asphalt, especially when the PPM material was applied at higher asphalt surface temperatures on rough asphalt surfaces.
Implementation of American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials/American Welding Society D1.5 Phased Array Ultrasonic Weld Inspection Programs
Authors: Azari Hoda , Kok Russell
Published: May 2022

This paper describes highlights of phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) nondestructive evaluation (NDE) research activities at the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA’s) Advanced Sensing Technology (FAST) NDE Laboratory. The work supports the goal to implement ultrasonic techniques in lieu of radiographic techniques for American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)/American Welding Society (AWS) D1.5 Bridge Welding Codeinspection of full penetration bridge fabrication welds. The paper also describes some of the advantages and disadvantages of the process to implement a PAUT inspection program. The results of this study support the goal of broader implementation of ultrasonic testing (UT) with results to date showing a good correlation of the comparative inspection results between PAUT and radiography. There is, however, a need to develop a more comprehensive set of weld flaws to ensure a fully representative flaw set is evaluated. To support that goal, the FAST NDE Laboratory is currently using ultrasonic simulation software to 03611981221090236ement the test plate data with a virtual database of simulated flaws. A successful implementation of PAUT can result in a more efficient inspection process with detailed permanent records and images of the flaw locations mimicking the historic radiograph. As more bridge fabrications incorporate PAUT, there will be a broader PAUT experience base as the AWS committee, teamed with the bridge fabricators, FAST NDE Laboratory, and other contributors continue to work toward replacing all required radiography in AWS D1.5 with an option to use PAUT.
Understanding Crash Risk Using a Multi-Level Random Parameter Binary Logit Model: Application to Naturalistic Driving Study Data
Authors: Hoover Lauren , Bhowmik Tanmoy , Yasmin Shamsunnahar , Eluru Naveen
Published: May 2022

This study presents a framework to employ naturalistic driving study (NDS) data to understand and predict crash risk at a disaggregate trip level accommodating for the influence of trip characteristics (such as trip distance, trip proportion by speed limit, trip proportion on urban/rural facilities) in addition to the traditional crash factors. Recognizing the rarity of crash occurrence in NDS data, the research employs a matched case-control approach for preparing the estimation sample. The study also conducts an extensive comparison of different case-to-control ratios including 1:4, 1:9, 1:14, 1:19, and 1:29. The model parameters estimated with these control ratios are reasonably similar (except for the constant). Employing the 1:9 sample, a multi-level random parameters binary logit model is estimated where multiple forms of unobserved variables are tested including (a) common unobserved effects for each case-control panel, (b) common unobserved factors affecting the error margin in the trip distance variable, and (c) random effects for all independent variables. The estimated model is calibrated by modifying the constant parameter to generate a population conforming crash risk model. The calibrated model is employed to predict crash risk of trips not considered in model estimation. This study is a proof of concept that NDS data can be used to predict trip-level crash risk and can be used by future researchers to develop crash risk models.
Real-Time Distributed Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Model Considering Time Delays and Actuator Lag
Authors: Tan Yingtong , Zhang Kuilin
Published: May 2022

Real-time control of a fleet of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV) for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is a challenging problem concerning time delays (from sensing, communication, and computation) and actuator lag. This paper proposes a real-time predictive distributed CACC control framework that addresses time delays and actuator lag issues in the real-time networked control systems. We first formulate a Kalman Filter-based real-time current driving state prediction model to provide more accurate initial conditions for the distributed CACC controller by compensating time delays using sensing data from multi-rate onboard sensors (e.g., Radar, GPS, wheel speed, and accelerometer), and status-sharing and intent-sharing data in BSM via V2V communication. We solve the prediction model using a sequential Kalman Filter update process for multi-rate sensing data to improve computational efficiency. We propose a real-time distributed MPC-based CACC controller with actuator lag and intent-sharing information for each CAV with the delay-compensated predicted current driving states as initial conditions. We implement the real-time predictive distributed CACC control algorithms and conduct numerical analyses to demonstrate the benefits of intent-sharing-based distributed computing, delay compensation, and actuator lag consideration on string stability under various traffic dynamics.
Association between cytokine concentration kinetics and prolonged fever in febrile neutropenic children with bacteremia
Authors: Kim Seong Koo , Han Seung Beom , Kang Jin Han
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Although prolonged fever in patients with neutropenic fever (NF) during empirical antibiotic therapy could be caused by dysregulated immune responses, its association with cytokine concentrations has rarely been investigated. This study determined the kinetics of cytokine concentrations in pediatric patients with NF and bacteremia and evaluated the impact of cytokine concentration kinetics on prolonged fever. Methods: Concentrations of 13 cytokines were measured on the initial day of NF (Day 1) and 3 days (Day 4) and 7 days (Day 8) later in 10 patients with NF with bacteremia, and their kinetics was determined. The results for each cytokine concentration on each sampling day were compared for patients with fever that lasted ⩾3 days and those with fever that lasted <3 days. Results: Interleukin (IL)-6 ( p < .001) and IL-10 ( p = .001) concentrations were significantly higher on Day 1 than on Days 4 and 8. However, the increased IL-6 ( p = 1.000) and IL-10 ( p = 1.000) concentrations on Day 1 were not associated with prolonged fever (⩾3 days). For other cytokines, the concentrations measured on Days 1, 4, and 8 were similar regardless of fever duration. Conclusion: Prolonged fever in patients with NF and bacteremia was not associated with a prolonged increase in a specific cytokine concentration.
Exploring the antihyperglycemic potential of tetrapeptides devised from AdMc1 via different receptor proteins inhibition using in silico approaches
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Mahrosh Hafiza S , Zafar Muddassar , Attique Syed A , Arif Rawaba
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogenous group of chronic metabolic disorders that results due to deficiency in insulin secretion and signalling. Multiple factors held responsible for onset of diabetes due to defects in glucose metabolism and cellular signalling mechanism. Over the past few years, many plant derived bioactive compounds have been recorded with increased efficacy and fewer side-effects against variety of diseases.

Methods:

In the current study, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches were employed to evaluate the tetrapeptides devised from AdMc1 protein of Momordica charantia. Due to unavailability of appropriate template for modelling of 3D structure of AdMc1 protein, I-TASSER server was employed for prediction of good quality tertiary structure. Predicted model was refined by GalaxyRefine Web and evaluated by Verify 3D, ERRAT and Ramachandran plot analysis. Next, a ready-to-dock library of fifty tetrapeptides as potent inhibitors was prepared and docked against aldose reductase (AR), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), α-glucosidase, α-amylase and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta as receptor proteins. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed on Schrodinger’s Desmond Module to check stability of the best docking complex.

Results:

Top five ligands were selected against each receptor protein based on their binding pattern and docking scores. Among selected ligands (i.e. VEID, TVEV, AYAY, EEIA, ITTV, TTIT, LPSM, RGIE, TTVE and EIAR) followed all parameters in drug scanning and ADMET screening tests. The MD simulations confirmed that the best selected peptide (i.e. VEID) docked with AR and PTP1B was structurally stable.

Conclusion:

In the light of overall results of all analyses employed in this study, the selected ligands could be further processed as potential hypoglycaemic drug candidates.
Shelby County v. Holder and Changes in Voting Behavior
Authors: De Rienzo Salvatore M.
Published: May 2022

In Shelby County v. Holder (2013), the U.S. Supreme Court declared unconstitutional Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which required jurisdictions with histories of voter disenfranchisement to receive federal preclearance before altering voting laws. Since Shelby, 1688 polling sites across 13 states have closed. Utilizing a sample of eligible voters from the Current Population Survey, I first predict the likelihood of voting. Then, I analyze how Shelby has influenced the likelihood of ballot box access issues among non-voters. Overall voter turnout is 0.9pp lower in post- Shelby elections. Black eligible voters are 5.4pp less likely to vote after Shelby. However, Shelby is not associated with a higher likelihood of ballot box access issues. While the mechanisms through which Shelby affects voting behavior remain inconclusive, Shelby is significantly associated with widespread voter disenfranchisement. These findings are relevant for policymakers in creating a revised preclearance formula to curb voter disenfranchisement.
Suicide and Self-Harm Among Physicians in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sood Manish M. , Rhodes Emily , Talarico Robert , Gérin-Lajoie Caroline , Simon Christopher , Spilg Edward , McFadden Taylor , Kyeeremanteng Kwadwo , T. Myran Daniel , Grubic Nicholas , Tanuseputro Peter
Published: May 2022

Background

Studies of occupation-associated suicide suggest physicians may be at a higher risk of suicide compared to nonphysicians. We set out to assess the risk of suicide and self-harm among physicians and compare it to nonphysicians.

Methods

We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study using registration data from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario from 1990 to 2016 with a follow-up to 2017, linked to Ontario health administrative databases. Using age- and sex-standardized rates and inverse probability-weighted, cause-specific hazards regression models, we compared rates of suicide, self-harm, and a composite of either event among all newly registered physicians to nonphysician controls.

Results

Among 35,989 physicians and 6,585,197 nonphysicians, unadjusted suicide events (0.07% vs. 0.11%) and rates (9.44 vs. 11.55 per 100,000 person-years) were similar. Weighted analyses found a hazard ratio of 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 1.60). Self-harm requiring health care was lower among physicians (0.22% vs. 0.46%; hazard ratio: 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 0.82), as was the composite of suicide or self-harm (hazard ratio: 0.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.57 to 0.86). The composite of suicide or self-harm was associated with a history of a mood or anxiety disorder (odds ratio: 2.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.17 to 6.87), an outpatient mental health visit in the past year (odds ratio: 3.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.34 to 7.10) and psychiatry visit in the preceding year (odds ratio: 3.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.67 to 8.95).

Interpretation

Physicians in Ontario are at a similar risk of suicide deaths and a lower risk of self-harm requiring health care relative to nonphysicians. Risk factors associated with suicide or self-harm may help inform prevention programs.
Laclau on misunderstanding and the genesis of collective identity
Authors: Rae Gavin
Published: May 2022

This article defends Ernesto Laclau against the charge that his work, manifested most clearly in On Populist Reason, affirms an authoritarian politics to account for the genesis of collective identity. To outline this, I read Laclau’s thought through three logics – termed the logics of universal imposition, negation, and symbolic mediation – to argue that he rejects the first but adopts the latter two, with the logic of symbolic mediation being particularly important. Rather than unity resulting when distinct groups agree over a positive meaning of a signifier or when it is imposed on them by an authoritarian leader, Laclau claims that unity depends upon the existence of empty signifiers that lack substantial meaning. Engaging with the structure and functioning of this lack, I utilize Laclau’s notion of ‘constitutive distortion’ to highlight an often overlooked structural component of his account that I call ‘misunderstanding’. Rather than a negative occurrence, misunderstanding is a fundamental and positive condition of collective identity because it permits the various groups to affirm different, even contradictory, positions regarding the meaning of empty signifiers (permitted by the fundamental lack of such signifiers), all the while (through the shared but mistaken belief that they agree over its meaning) binding each group into a collective identity. This misunderstanding, which must remain hidden from the participants of the collective identity, is a fundamental condition of the process through which collective identity is created and sustained because it permits the various groups to believe that they share a collective identity while maintaining the heterogeneity that is necessary, on Laclau's telling, for the continued existence of the collective.
Optimization of compressive property for the development of triply periodic minimal surface lattice structure on polylactic acid polymeric material
Authors: Palaniyappan Sabarinathan , Veeman Dhinakaran , Sivakumar Narain kumar , Shanmugam Ragavanantham
Published: May 2022

The present study deals with the process optimization of printing parameters for fabricating gyroid TPMS (triply periodic minimal surface) lattice structure incorporated compression samples on the polylactic Acid polymeric material for obtaining the maximum compressive strength. The design of experiments is followed for the process parameter optimization. The experiment was carried out by varying three printing process parameters and four levels such as printing speed (10 mm/sec, 20 mm/sec, 30 mm/sec, and 40 mm/sec), layer height (0.10 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.20 mm, and 0.25 mm), and nozzle temperature (190°C, 200°C, 210°C, and 220°C). The L16 orthogonal array is employed for the experimental procedure and the Taguchi optimization technique is utilized for the optimization of the printing process parameters for obtaining maximum compressive strength for the fabricated gyroid TPMS lattice structure incorporated compression samples. The experimental results confirm that printing speed and layer height have major influence of 57.28% and 30.92% on the compressive properties of the fabricated samples. Based on the regression analysis results, it can be concluded that the proposed mathematical model has observed an error percentage of 2.1% and a good fit has been observed with the experimental results. The macroscopic view of the fractured samples depicts that the sample fabricated at a nominal printing speed of 20 mm/sec and layer height of 0.10 mm has obtained the highest compressive strength and lower buckling during compression test. The optimized combination of printing process parameters for obtaining maximum compressive strength is 20 mm/sec, 0.10 mm, and 210°C.
COVID-19 Vaccinations and Anxiety in Middle-Aged and Older Jews and Arabs in Israel: The Moderating Roles of Ethnicity and Subjective Age
Authors: Bergman Yoav S. , Palgi Yuval , Ben-David Boaz , Bodner Ehud
Published: May 2022

Subjective age (i.e., feeling younger/older than one’s chronological age) plays a significant role in older minority group members’ psychological well-being. In light of the importance of vaccinations for fighting COVID-19, it is unclear whether ethnicity and subjective age moderate the connection between receiving COVID-19 vaccinations and anxiety in Israel. Jewish ( n = 198) and Arab older adults ( n = 84) provided information regarding COVID-19 vaccinations, subjective age, and anxiety symptoms, as well as additional socio-demographic and COVID-19-related health factors (age range= 40–100, M = 62.5, SD = 12.34). Results demonstrated that feeling older was associated with increased anxiety ( p < .001) and that vaccinations were linked to increased anxiety among Jews ( p < .05). Moreover, the association between COVID-19 vaccinations and anxiety was significant only among Jewish participants with an older subjective age ( p < .05). We stress the importance of examining cultural diversities regarding the contribution of subjective age in the context of COVID-19 and psychological well-being.
Improving Student Learning of Impulse and Momentum in Particle Dynamics Through Computer Simulation and Animation
Authors: Fang Ning , Guo Yongqing
Published: May 2022

Computer simulation and animation (CSA) is educational technology in which computer programs are employed to simulate and animate real-world physical phenomena and processes. CSA has attracted growing attention and received an increasing number of applications in the international science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education community in recent years. The present study focuses on developing and assessing two CSA learning modules for improving student learning and problem-solving related to impulse and momentum in particle dynamics. Both CSA learning modules integrate mathematical problem-solving procedures into computer simulation and animation. They have interactive computer graphical user interfaces, which enable students to change input variables and visualize how output variables change accordingly. A quasi-experimental, quantitative research study was performed, involving 285 undergraduate engineering students divided into a comparison group that did not use CSA and an intervention group that used CSA. The results of statistical non-parametric analysis on the data collected from pre- and post-tests on the two groups show that, on average, the intervention group achieved more learning gains than the comparison group by 44% and 40% from two CSA learning modules, respectively. The difference in learning gains between the two groups of student participants was statistically significant.
Can Gamification Assist Learning? A Study to Design and Explore the Uses of Educational Music Games for Adults and Young Learners
Authors: Wang Yi-Hsuan
Published: May 2022

The study aimed to examine the learning effects of integrating various game elements into game-based learning materials to enhance learning for learners of different age groups. Two sets of game-based music learning materials were designed. The version with full game characteristics was developed with a narrative story, diverse game behaviors, and game mechanisms, while the simple design version kept basic game behaviors only for game interaction, and removed other game-based elements. A total of 50 young students and 41 adults were invited to participate in the experiment and separately use the two versions of the game-based materials. In order to understand how their performance changed and their reflections on the use of the game-based learning materials, a pre- and post-test, questionnaire and interview were conducted, and the data were analyzed. Despite learners in various age groups having different preferences regarding the game design, the statistical analysis revealed that the simple version helped the learners of both age groups to achieve better learning performance than the full version. The game-based environments proved to be helpful for promoting students’ learning motivation and performance, but the results suggest that instead of designing educational games with as many gamification elements as possible, game developers should take learners’ cognitive learning load and information processing ability into consideration when developing games. The game elements could be refined through reducing overly complicated game mechanisms and keeping the basic game-like interaction so as to achieve both the instruction purpose and gameplay engagement.
Quantifying class trajectories: linking topological and temporal accounts
Authors: Toft Maren
Published: May 2022

In this article, I discuss the potential for quantitatively accounting of the social world as relationally constituted in both a topological and a temporal sense. As statistical procedures rest on underlying assumptions of the social world, I emphasise how multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) thinks relationally, as Bourdieu famously proclaimed, but to a lesser extent addresses the temporal pattering of social life. I point to the beneficial property of sequence analysis (SA) in thinking ‘processually’, and I argue that the combination of the two tools stimulates favourable opportunities for relational thinking in complementary ways. While adding SA to MCA inserts processual thinking into a relational space, the MCA helps embedding sequential patterns within a social structure. I critically assess this strategy by drawing on the diachronic underpinnings to Pierre Bourdieu’s oeuvre and empirically examine how his third dimension of social space – trajectory – might be ‘quantified’.
CMC-based hydrogels loaded with Hypericum perforatum nanoemulsion for potential wound dressing applications
Authors: Moradi Mina , Barati Aboulfazl , Moradi Sara , Arjomandzadegan Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Wound healing is a complicated process requiring appropriate environment to accelerate healing process. In the recent years, many wound dressings have been developed for treating various kinds of wounds. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel dressing with high ability of burn wound healing and minimum side effects. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based hydrogels containing Hypericum perforatum were developed by grafting methacrylic acid and acrylamide onto CMC to produce a good mechanical strength dressing. Covalent crosslinking, which is responsible for stable mechanical structure, led to a 3D structure with appropriate water vapor transmission rate (2950 g/m2/day), controlled drug release (33% in 78 h), and great burn healing ability (almost complete healing in 10 day). The hydrogel has proper antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. Zone of inhibition against E.coli was the higher in comparison with S. aureus and Candida. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. albicans, S. aureus, and E. coli were as 6, 4, and 5 mg/ml of H. perforatum. In vivo experiments on rats revealed that wound healing process by loaded hydrogels was faster in comparison with control group. All the results indicated that prepared hydrogel has the capability to accelerate burn wound healing process.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes cell viability and inhibits apoptosis of H9C2 cardiomyocytes in 3D bioprinting scaffolds via PI3K-Akt and ERK1/2 pathways
Authors: Hu Yugang , Jia Yan , Wang Hao , Cao Quan , Yang Yuanting , Zhou Yanxiang , Tan Tuantuan , Huang Xin , Zhou Qing
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) promotes myocardial cell viability in three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) scaffolds. Cardiomyoblasts (H9C2s) were mixed in 6% (w/v) GelMA bio-inks and printed using an extrusion-based 3D bioprinter. These scaffolds were exposed to LIPUS with different parameters or sham-irradiated to optimize the LIPUS treatment. The viability of H9C2s was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), cell cycle, and live and dead cell double-staining assays. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression levels. We successfully fabricated 3D bio-printed cell-laden GelMA scaffolds. CCK8 and live and dead cell double-staining assays indicated that the optimal conditions for LIPUS were a frequency of 0.5 MHz and an exposure time of 10 min. Cell cycle analysis showed that LIPUS promoted the entry of cells into the S and G2/M phases from the G0/G1 phase. Western blot analysis revealed that LIPUS promoted the phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt. The ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) significantly reduced LIPUS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt, respectively, which in turn reduced the LIPUS-induced viability of H9C2s in 3D bio-printed cell-laden GelMA scaffolds. A frequency of 0.5 MHz and exposure time of 10 min for LIPUS exposure can be adapted to achieve optimized culture effects on myocardial cells in 3D bio-printed cell-laden GelMA scaffolds via the ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
Factors Influencing Recovery and Well-Being Among Asian Survivors of International Criminal Sex Trafficking in an Urban U.S. City
Authors: Lim Sahnah , Lee Seunggun , Cohen Lori , Chin John J. , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Islam Nadia S.
Published: May 2022

Sex trafficking is serious form of gender-based violence that results in profound adverse health outcomes, yet one that is poorly understood. New York City is a major hub for sex trafficking, with a significant but unquantified number of victims originating from East Asian countries and trafficked via illicit massage businesses. Peer-reviewed studies among Asian survivors of international criminal sex trafficking do not exist. The aim of this study is to qualitatively examine the factors at various levels of influence that impact the recovery and reintegration process of Asian criminal sex trafficking survivors in the United States from the perspective of survivors and front-line service providers. The study was guided by community-based participatory research and trauma-informed approaches, leveraging a collaboration with a well-established service provider organization. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted between 2018 and 2019 with three Korean survivors and seven key informants who were anti-trafficking service providers working with East Asian clients. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Survivors and service providers vocalized factors at multiple levels that either facilitate or impede recovery and well-being. Levels of influence included structural (e.g., poverty/debt bondage, immigration status, limited English proficiency), cultural (e.g., fatalism, collectivism), institutional (e.g., lack of culturally appropriate, trauma-informed care), interpersonal (e.g., exploitation, social support), and individual (e.g., resilience). Stigma was a crosscutting factor that spanned all levels of influence. This study highlights the voices of survivors and front-line service providers to understand the lives of an under-researched population of Asian sex trafficking survivors. Ultimately, the root, structural causes of survivor marginalization need to be addressed, which stem from the intersection of class-, gender-, and race-related inequities. While survivors continue to experience exploitation and marginalization post-trafficking, they also carry an enormous amount of resilience that must be leveraged in their path to recovery from trauma.
Only “yes” means “yes”: Negotiation of Sex and Its Link With Sexual Violence
Authors: Moyano Nieves , Sánchez-Fuentes María del Mar , Parra-Barrera Sandra Milena , Granados de Haro Reina
Published: May 2022

Lack of consent is an essential characteristic of sexual violence. The present study was conducted to analyze the relation between sexual consent and the risk of perpetrating sexual aggression by men and victimization suffered by women in more depth. The sample consisted of 1681 heterosexual Spanish men and women aged 18–66 years. The participants completed an online survey containing the Spanish versions of the Sexual Consent Scale Revised and the Sexual Experiences Survey. The results showed that 70.2% of the women had been sexual victims, and 20.8% of men reported having perpetrated sexual violence. On the one hand, sexual aggressors, unlike non aggressors, underestimated the relevance of obtaining sexual consent, and more aggressors reported lack of perceived behavioral control for requesting sexual consent and endorsed less positive attitudes to obtain sexual consent than non aggressors. On the other hand, sexual victims, compared to non victims, considered requesting explicit sexual consent relevant, but held certain ideas, attitudes, and behaviors that did not go along with obtaining sexual consent, which leaves women in a position of vulnerability.
Parental Education and Child Physical Health Following the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Stroope Samuel , Kroeger Rhiannon A. , Slack Tim , Keating Kathryn Sweet , Beedasy Jaishree , Chandler Thomas , Sury Jonathan J. , Brooks Jeremy
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To assess whether trajectories of children’s physical health problems differ by parental college degree attainment in Louisiana areas highly impacted by the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill (BP-DHOS).

Design:

Three waves of panel data (2014, 2016, and 2018) from the Gulf Coast Population Impact / Resilient Children, Youth, and Communities studies.

Setting:

BP-DHOS-impacted communities in coastal Louisiana.

Participants:

Parents of children aged 4-18 in a longitudinal probability sample (n = 392).

Measures:

Reported child physical health problems from the BP-DHOS, parental college degree attainment, and covariates.

Analysis:

Linear growth curve models are used to assess initial levels of and the rate of change in child physical unknown. The current study uses 3 waves physical health problems by parental college degree attainment. Explanatory variables are measured at baseline and the outcome variable is measured at all 3 waves.

Results:

Compared to children of parents without college degrees, children of college graduates had fewer initial health problems in 2014 (b = −.33; p = .02). Yet, this health advantage decreased over time, as indicated by their positive rate of change (b = .22; p = .01), such that the higher education health advantage was not statistically significant by 2018.

Conclusion:

Children of college graduates experienced a physical health advantage following the BP-DHOS, but this gap closed over time. The closure of the gap was due to the children of college graduates experiencing significant increases in reported health problems over the study period.
Why and When Negative Workplace Gossip Inhibits Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Xie Jun , Yan Ming , Liang Yongyi , Huang Qihai
Published: May 2022

The potentially destructive effects of informal communication in the form of negative workplace gossip have recently attracted scholars’ interest. Beyond the perspectives of prior studies (e.g., the conservation of resources (COR) and self-consistency theories), we offer a new account based on social identity theory and propose that negative workplace gossip is related to target employees’ decreased organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) by undermining their identification with the organization. We also theorize that collectivism influences the extent to which employees identify with the organization when being targeted by negative gossip. By collecting three-wave supervisor–subordinate dyadic data from China, we demonstrated that organizational identification mediates the negative relationship between negative workplace gossip and OCB when the effects of other mediators studied by previous perspectives (i.e., organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) and emotional exhaustion) were controlled. In addition, we found that collectivism moderates the indirect effect of negative workplace gossip on OCB through organizational identification.
Suzhi, Guanxi, and the Abject Body: Nonhuman Agents of Paradox that Perform Identity Work Together With Chinese Women Political Leaders
Authors: Tian Zhenyu
Published: May 2022

Governmental politics in China continue to be a male-dominated arena such that Chinese women political leaders often carefully perform contested gender and occupational identities to negotiate a work-body (mis)alignment. Turning to sociomateriality, this study examines how gender and organizational paradox comes to matter as Chinese women negotiate the occupational identity of political leaders. The study simultaneously explores the types of identity work women leaders perform and the nonhuman actors they routinely encounter while working to make boundaries that outline the identity of political leaders. A thematic narrative analysis reveals the following: Suzhi work(s), guanxi work(s), and abject body work(s). Participants perform identity work constitutive of the masculine shapes/bodies of political suzhi and guanxi, while forming the abject body of a symbolic woman. Meanwhile, these bodies serve as working actors that move and touch participants in paradoxical ways.
Are Employees Happier when Staying Connected with their Companies Outside Working Hours?
Authors: Martin Ludivine , Pénard Thierry , Poussing Nicolas
Published: May 2022

Information and communication technologies supported by mobile devices (laptops, smartphones, tablets) have enhanced the ability for employees to stay connected with their companies outside working hours. However, we have little understanding of the implications for employees’ subjective well-being. This paper aims to analyze the impact of two forms of digital connection on subjective well-being: online communication through email and smartphone (communication technologies), and remote access to companies’ networks, that is, files, management systems, and software (information technologies). In order to asses this, we use a large survey on the working conditions and work quality of 14,685 employees in Luxembourg. Results show that being contacted regularly outside office hours has a negative impact on life satisfaction, whereas remote access to the companies’ networks is positively related to life satisfaction and negatively related to job stress.
Biosafety Considerations for Viral Vector Gene Therapy: An Explanation and Guide for the Average Everyday-Hero Pharmacist
Authors: Hernandez Jill M.
Published: May 2022

Purpose: An overview of the multi-faceted biosafety points that must be taken into consideration by pharmacists and pharmacies in order to provide viral vector gene therapy to their practice site. Summary: As science and medicine evolves, pharmacists and other healthcare workers are continually faced with unique challenges in the workplace. They are expected to be informed and proficient on new therapies and standards of practice, and be able to apply this knowledge appropriately for their patients. One such advancement that seems to be picking up speed in recent years is gene therapy, which is often achieved with the assistance of a viral vector. As these viral vector doses move closer to mainstream medicine, a host of issues and concerns for the pharmacists, nurses, and caregivers that are involved in the process begin to rise to the surface, often rooted in the critical concern: “How do we dispense, utilize, and administer these doses safely?” Unfortunately, there is no singular, concise source of information for addressing biosafety with viral vector products, and guidance must be gathered from a variety of resources in order to mesh together a reasonable working process. Conclusion: While this may seem to be a daunting task, facilities that already meet USP 797 and USP 800 guidelines are well on their way to being ready to provide viral vector doses. By incorporating additional steps and reviewing biosafety specific resources, these sites can easily adapt to provide these new and novel therapies for their patient population.
Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Lexicon of Metaphors
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano
Published: May 2022

Undiagnosed and untreated postpartum mental health disorders represent a silent health crisis. The aim of this paper was to develop a lexicon of metaphors women use to describe their postpartum mood and anxiety disorders to assist holistic nurses in recognizing as early as possible these struggling mothers. Mothers may not know the medical terminology to articulate their mental health problems and may turn to using metaphors. The metaphors included in this lexicon were obtained from the author's earlier qualitative studies of metaphors women used to describe their experiences of postpartum depression, postpartum panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder due to traumatic childbirth. In this lexicon these metaphors are organized by these three mental health disorders and includes a table of definitions of each metaphor along with examples of the context of the metaphors represented by quotes from the mothers. Metaphors can be keys that open and unlock doors that stand between holistic nurses and their patients. Being attentive to metaphorical language women use to describe how they are feeling after giving birth can be an innovative approach holistic nurses can use to identify these vulnerable women and provide an opportunity to nurture and empower new mothers.
Older Korean Americans’ Perceived Burdensomeness to Their Healthcare Partners: An Egocentric Network Assessment
Authors: Jang Yuri , Kim Jangmin , Yoon Hyunwoo , Park Nan Sook , Chiriboga David A. , Rice Eric , Kim Miyong T.
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The objective is to examine how older Korean Americans’ perceived burdensomeness to their healthcare partners is associated with the characteristics of older adult participants ( egos) and their healthcare partners ( alters). Methods:Surveys of 2150 participants in the Study of Older Korean Americans provided ego data. Participants were also asked to list up to three individuals whom they usually asked for help on health-related matters or healthcare use, which generated 3402 alters. Multilevel modeling was conducted to examine the role of the characteristics of egos and alters, as well as their cross-level interactions. Results: Perceived burdensomeness was negatively associated with English-speaking ability and residence in a low Korean density area. Perceived burden was also lowered when emotional support was received from the alters, and this pattern was pronounced among those with multi-comorbidity. Discussion: By identifying older immigrants prone to the sense of burdensomeness, the study suggests strategies to promote their health and healthcare use.
A Mass Spectrometric Approach to the Proteomic Profiling of the Canis lupus familiaris Acquired Enamel Pellicle on Hydroxyapatite Discs
Authors: M. Grant Melissa , Pasha Sabah , Inui Taichi , Chapple Iain , Harris Steve , Holcombe Lucy
Published: May 2022

The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a multi-protein film attached to the surface of teeth, which functions to lubricate the dental surface, form an anti-erosive barrier and exhibits antimicrobial properties. The initiation of AEP formation occurs within seconds of exposure to saliva, a biofluid rich in protein species. While there have been many publications on the formation of human AEP there is little research on the composition of canine AEP during its acquisition. The aim of these studies was to explore the composition of canine AEP formation, utilising hydroxyapatite (HA) discs as a tooth substitute matrix, over time. Qualitative and quantitative proteomics techniques using tandem mass tag labelled peptides and LC-MS/MS were used to follow the formation of canine AEP on hydroxyapatite discs over the course of an hour. Proteins adsorbed to the HA surface included highly abundant proteins in canine saliva, antimicrobial proteins, protease inhibitors and the buffering agent carbonic anhydrase. Greater understanding of the canine AEP deepens fundamental knowledge of the early processes driving bacterial colonisation of the tooth surface and subsequent plaque accumulation.
Association between asthma control and healthcare costs: Results from a German linked data study
Authors: Wilke Thomas , Timmermann Hartmut , Mueller Sabrina , Hardtstock Fraence , Unmuessig Victoria , Welte Robert R , Maywald Ulf
Published: May 2022

Background: This study aimed to evaluate differences in healthcare resource utilization and cost among patients with controlled and uncontrolled asthma.

Methods: Claims data from a German sickness fund was linked to patient survey data. Outpatient physicians enrolled patients and assessed asthma control using the ACTTM questionnaire. All-cause and asthma-specific healthcare resource use (HCRU)/costs were compared descriptively and based on multivariable models using a continuous ACTTM score.

Results: Overall, 492 asthma patients were included (mean age: 53.8, 73.8% female). The mean/median ACTTM score was 19.9/20.7, with 183 patients (37.2%) classified as having uncontrolled asthma (mean ACTTM score<20) Patients with uncontrolled asthma had significantly more hospitalizations ( p = .035) and medication prescriptions ( p < .001), which resulted in higher total healthcare costs for asthma-related (€1785 vs. €1615; p = .004) and all-cause care (€4695 vs. €4117; p = .009). While controlling for baseline characteristics, multivariable models confirmed a negative association between asthma control and total all-cause healthcare costs ( p = .008), total asthma-related costs ( p = .008), and costs of medication prescriptions ( p = .001). However, no significant association was found for all-cause ( p = .062) and asthma-related hospitalization costs ( p = .576).

Conclusion: Considering continuous patient care, improving asthma control is not only desirable from a clinical perspective, but could also be an effective approach to reduce asthma-related HCRU and cost burden.
Design of a composite viscous damper and application on cylindrical thin-walled part milling
Authors: Chen Tiantian , Li Daojing , Ma Wenshuo , Yang Yiqing
Published: May 2022

Chatter vibration is apt to occur when machining thin-walled parts with insufficient rigidity. The harmful excitation of periodical cutting forces can be mitigated by enhancing the dynamic stiffness or increasing the damping of the part. A composite viscous damper including air damping and eddy current damping is designed, which can be attached on the thin-walled part by the vacuum. Based on the formulations of air damping and eddy current damping, the optimal equivalent viscous damping is derived for achieving the maximum critical depth of cut. Furthermore, the geometries of the damper are determined for damping a specific thin-walled part after investigating its relationship with viscous damping. The modal test indicates that the damper can suppress multiple modes of the cylindrical thin-walled part, and the amplitude of the first mode of the frequency response function (FRF) is reduced by 57%. The composite viscous damper is applied to suppress the chatter and resonant vibration of the thin-walled part during machining. Milling tests demonstrate that the machining vibration is reduced by 55% and 76% after employing single damper and four dampers, respectively.
A dynamic dispatching control system for processing workshop based on multi-agent and value matching
Authors: Zhang Zequn , Tang Dunbing , Zhu Haihua , Wang Liping , Nie Qingwei
Published: May 2022

In the current manufacturing environment, orders began to show trends in small batches and multiple varieties. Production workshops are expected to be more flexible and agile. This paper proposes a dynamic control system for the processing workshop based on the multi-agent architecture. The workshop layer is divided into multiple “processing cells” according to function. Machine agents and part agents are designed to achieve distributed control. In this paper, disturbances caused by random tasks to production are considered. A dynamic task dispatching mechanism based on the scrolling time window is investigated. When dispatching events occur, the machine agents and part agents determine the connection value between them through negotiation. An arbitration agent is designed to implement the dispatching through value matching. Finally, an actual experiment is carried out to verify the effectiveness of this dynamic control system.
Stochastic thermo-elastic vibration characteristics of functionally graded porous nano-beams using first-order perturbation-based nonlocal finite element model
Authors: Chandel Vikram Singh , Talha Mohammad
Published: May 2022

This paper emphasized the size-dependent thermo-elastic vibration characteristics of uncertain functionally graded (FG) porous nano-beams by employing the first-order perturbation theory (FOPT) with the finite element method. An isoparametric quadratic beam element having three nodes is used for the finite element analysis of the nano-beams with variation in degree of uncertainty in material properties, geometric configuration, and thermal environment. The power-law model is employed to obtain the effective material properties of the considered beams. The governing equations are presented according to Eringen’s elasticity theory and Reddy’s beam theory using the minimum potential energy. The computed FOPT results for the vibration statistics are assessed with the help of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and a well agreement is found. Further, results are presented by analyzing the effects of degree of source uncertainty, size-dependent parameter, volume fraction indices, porosity distribution, porosity index, thermal environment, and aspect ratios on the fundamental frequency of the FGM nano-beams. The numerical results revealed the significant influence of thermal environment and porosity on the vibration statistics of the nano-beams and provided guidance for the precise and reliable design of nano-devices for the application in thermal environment.