bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between blood glucose levels in insulin therapy and Glasgow Outcome Score in patients with traumatic brain injury: secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: Yuan Tao , He Hongyu , Liu Yuepeng , Wang Jianwei , Kang Xin , Fu Guanghui , Xie Fangfang , Li Aimin , Chen Jun , Wang Wen-xue
Published: June 2021

Background: Too high or low blood glucose levels after traumatic brain injury (TBI) negatively affect the prognosis of patients with TBI. This study aimed to examine the relationship between different levels of blood glucose in insulin therapy and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) in patients with TBI.Methods: This study was based on a randomized, dual-center, open-label clinical trial. A total of 208 patients who participated in the randomized controlled trial were followed up for 5 years. The information on disease, lab examination, insulin therapy, and operation of patients with TBI was collected. Also, the data on 5-year and 6-month GOS were collected as primary and secondary outcomes. The univariate analysis was used to detect variables that might contribute to outcomes, while the multivariate regression analysis was used to reveal the independent relationship between insulin therapy and outcomes. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate dose–response relationships between blood glucose levels and GOS. The results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We further applied a two-piecewise linear regression model to examine the threshold effect of blood glucose level and GOS.Results: A total of 182 patients were involved in the final analysis. Compared with the non-intensive insulin therapy group, the 5-year GOS in the moderate-control intensive insulin therapy (IIT) group and the slight-control IIT group was 1.45 and 1.39 higher, respectively (both P < 0.05); the 5-year GOS in the strict-control IIT group was 0.23 higher (P > 0.05). GAM revealed that a bell-shaped relationship existed between blood glucose levels in insulin therapy and 5-year or 6-month GOS. The inflection points of the mean blood glucose level were 6.73 and 8.97 mmol/L considering 5-year GOS as the outcome and were 6.95 and 8.88 mmol/L considering 6-month GOS as the outcome. The multivariate analysis showed that the 5-year GOS in the medium-level group (≥6.73 and <8.97 mmol/L) increased by 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22–1.47] compared with that in the low-level group (<6.73 mmol/L). Also, the 5-year GOS in the medium-level group increased by 0.57 (95% CI: 0.02–1.08) compared with that in the high-level group (≥8.97 mmol/L).Conclusion: A proper blood glucose range in insulin therapy could improve the outcomes of patients with TBI; the range was 6.73–8.97 mmol/L according to our limited analysis.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02161055. Registered 11 Jun 2014.
Asymmetric Effects of Cereals Crops on Agricultural Economic Growth: A Case Study of India
Authors: Bansal Surbhi , Kumar Pushp , Mohammad Shan , Ali Nazim , Ansari Mohd Arshad
Published: June 2021

The study explores the asymmetric effects of cereals crops, namely wheat, rice, and maize production on agricultural economic growth in India during 1960–2019. The asymmetric ARDL method is used in this study to analyze the asymmetric relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The findings reveal a link between cereal crop growth and agricultural economic growth. The NARDL findings indicate that positive maize and rice shocks have a considerable short- and long-term influence on agricultural economic growth. In contrast, the positive shock of wheat production is not significant. While the negative shocks of maize, rice and wheat production significantly impact agricultural economic growth. In a nutshell, the study reveals that agriculture growth has an asymmetric relationship with maize, wheat and rice production. The study's findings imply that policymakers should develop long- and short-term plans to boost agricultural growth and productivity in order to help farmers.
Elevator (Lift) Car Ventilation Design to Mitigate the Risk of Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Tipnis Pravin M. , Vaidya Vinay G.
Published: June 2021

Recent studies, on the airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 and the new CDC guidelines confirming the aerosol transmission of the virus, make immediate attention to the airflow in elevators imperative. While several versions have been thought of for contactless rides, there is little that has been considered for lessening the anticipated viral load in the elevator car.In this paper, a two-step approach is used. The first is the risk assessment, and the second is the risk mitigation through an improved lift car ventilation design. The risk is assessed by computing the probable viral load during the journey in a lift car. It is seen that the ventilation typically provided as per the minimum permissible requirements by codes is inadequate to handle the current situation.The computations show that one-minute exposure, to a coughing high emitter in the lift car, creates a viral load to dangerous levels well above the possible acceptable level of 10,000 virus copies/m3. To come up with the risk mitigation strategies, the required ventilation in the car was computed. The main recommendation suggests the use of forced ventilation using pressure fans and 3 to 6 air changes per minute depending on the operating environment. Such a design will help us achieve our objective of bringing the density of virus copies in the lift car to an acceptable level. A properly designed ventilation system for the elevator car will benefit in both pandemic situations as well as non-pandemic situations.
Assessing the Reliability and Validity of an Instrument for Measuring Patient Use of Telemedicine in Light of the Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Althumairi Arwa
Published: June 2021

Background:Telemedicine has been used as a supportive service to assure that quality healthcare services are provided in a timely manner. The growing use of telemedicine, especially for e-consultations, is increasing patient access to care, especially during pandemics or emergencies. However, a valid and reliable tool is needed to measure its use. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of patient acceptance of telemedicine, utilizing the dimensions of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).Methods:The researcher designed an instrument based on TAM dimensions/principles. The instrument was distributed among 244 participants via an online link found in social media, such as Twitter and WhatsApp, from August 2020 to December 2020. Content validity and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity, and Cronbach’s alpha test was employed to examine the reliability of the instrument.Results:A total of 244 participants in the study and 22 items or questions had a loading factor greater than 60. The assessment suggested 6 factors to explain the variation in the participant responses, with 75% of the variation being explained by these factors. The confirmatory analysis agreed with the explanatory factors, suggesting that the number of items and latent factors had a CMIN/DF equal to 3.021 and an RMSEA of 0.095, with a 90% CI (0.105 -0.086).Conclusion:The results of the study suggest that the measure shows acceptable validity and reliability.
Gasless laparoscopy versus conventional laparoscopy and laparotomy. A systematic review on the safety and efficiency
Authors: Shoman Haitham , Sandler Simone , Peters Alexander , Farooq Ameer , Gruendl Magdalen , Trinh Shauna , Little James , Woods Alex , Bolton William , Abioye Abubakar , Ljungman David
Published: June 2021

Background Gasless laparoscopy emerged to overcome the clinical and financial challenges of pneumoperitoneum and is often seen as a viable option for use in resource-limited settings as a means of saving costs and resources. This study aims to systematically review the evidence available on the safety and efficiency of gasless laparoscopy compared to conventional laparoscopy and laparotomy.Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched. Variables of interest were determined a priori and Covidence software was used to screen studies for inclusion without demographic preference. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment tool.Results Of 1080 screened studies a total of 43 studies were included. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was by far the most studied intervention in randomized studies. In these, the mean set-up time for gasless and conventional laparoscopy was 13.14 (95% CI: -0.16–26.44) and 12.8 (95% CI: -10.86–36.47) minutes respectively; The mean duration of surgery for gasless and conventional laparoscopy was 89.39 (95% CI: 77.44-101.34) and 72.59 (95% CI: 63.44–81.74) minutes respectively and the mean length of stay was 4.25 (95% CI: 2.02–6.48) and 4.04 (95% CI: 1.72–6.36) days respectively. Most reported complications were hemorrhage and infection with no assessable statistical difference.Conclusions Although gasless laparoscopy seems to be a feasible approach for many general surgery interventions, the observed outcomes based on safety and efficiency don’t suffice to recommend gasless laparoscopy as an alternative to conventional laparoscopy or laparotomy. Larger randomized trials with a low risk of bias are warranted.
Latrine characteristics and maintenance practices associated with pit latrine lifetime in an informal settlement in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Mubatsi Johnson B. , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Etajak Samuel , Ssekamatte Tonny , Isunju John Bosco , Kimbugwe Ceaser , Olweny Moses , Kayiwa Denis , Mselle Jane Sembuche , Halage Abdullah Ali , Ssempebwa John C. , Mugambe Richard K.
Published: June 2021

This study assessed latrine characteristics and maintenance practices associated with an extended pit latrine lifetime in an informal settlement in Kampala, Uganda. Data were obtained from 306 respondents on sociodemographic characteristics, their private pit latrine characteristics and latrine lifetime. A modified Poisson regression was used to model the latrine characteristics and maintenance practices associated with the pit latrine lifetime. All analyses were performed using Stata 14 software. Approximately 23.5% of the pit latrines had a lifetime of less than 2 years, and most latrines were reportedly desludged (64.7%) or regularly cleaned for maintenance (27.1%) as a way of extending lifetime. Pit latrine lifetime extension was higher in male-headed households (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.25), households with a smaller number of users (unshared vs shared latrines) (PR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.29) and where desludging of pits was regularly done (PR 1.53, 95% CI 1.17–1.99), while post-primary education level was negatively associated with extended latrine lifetime (PR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77–0.99). Deliberate efforts, including sensitizing communities on desludging and provision of non-shared household sanitary facilities, are needed to improve latrine maintenance and consequently extend latrine lifetime.
Scenario-based life-cycle cost assessment to support sustainable investment in rural communal sanitation facilities: application to a school-based sanitation facility
Authors: Koseoglu N. M. , Ellis R. , Biswas D.
Published: June 2021

Despite decades of investment in widening access to improved sanitation, much of the world still lacks access to functional sanitation facilities. Through much of the Global South, toilets are inoperable and often abandoned. Failure to understand and account for the whole-life cost of sanitation infrastructure, as well as the interplay between context-specific socio-economic determinants, is one explanation for this reduction in the service life of shared sanitation infrastructure. This issue is especially salient in school-based and communal facilities in middle- to low-income countries. Drawing on a case study of a sanitation facility in a government school in rural south India, we explore the relationship between user value, community-based capacity, and external support in determining the costs of operating and maintaining sanitation facilities over their lifetime. We develop a scenario-based life-cycle cost assessment methodology to examine the relational impact of these determinants on the ‘real’ cost of shared sanitation infrastructure. The analysis concludes that investment and interventions that stimulate demand and enhance the capacity of a community are the most cost-effective options for ensuring the sustainability of sanitation facilities in our case study site. We then reflect on the applicability and limitations of these findings for a wider range of communal sanitation facilities.
Flood season segmentation and scheme optimization in the Yellow River
Authors: Zhou Ke
Published: June 2021

River flood season segmentation is a significant measure for flood prevention. This study aims to carry out theoretical analysis on flood season segmentation methods and put forward a framework for proper flood season segmentation through comparison between different segmentation methods. The studied framework consists of a Fisher optimal partition method for determining the optimum numbers of the sub-seasons, an ensemble approach for segmenting a defined flood season, and a nonparametric bootstrap combined with a fuzzy optimum selection method (NPB-FOS) for testing the rationality of the flood season staging schemes. The present research findings show that different methods could result in different staging schemes. It is proved through rational analysis that the staging scheme obtained by probability change point (PCP) is superior to others. The flood season of the downstream reach of the Yellow River can be segmented into three sub-seasons, i.e. early flood season (01 June–20 July), main flood season (21 July–28 September), and late flood season (29 September–08 November). The segmentation results of the flood season should play an active role in flood prevention.
Reformatorische ambtstheologie en de eigenheid van mannen en vrouwen
Authors: Hoek J. , Te Velde R.T.
Published: June 2021

This article responds to dr. Harmen Jansen’s critique of the classic Reformed position on women in office, as maintained by the Gereformeerde Bond in the Protestant Church of the Netherlands. While men and women are created equal in God’s image, and thus share equally in Christ’s salvation, this does not exclude a functional difference in task and responsibility. An appeal to cultural and social patterns should not relativize Scripture’s authoritative teaching. The church welcomes the participation of women and their Spirit-given talents in various ministries, even if the offices of pastor and elder remain closed to them. The dynamics of mutual dedication and love that mirrors the relationship of Christ and his church can only function if the distinct identities of men and women are preserved.
Penggunaan bantuan kuota belajar kemendikbud di masa pandemi
Authors: Bramastia Bramastia
Published: June 2021

Kebijakan program Pusat Data dan Informasi (Pusdatin) Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Kemendikbud) Republik Indonesia atas bantuan kuota internet gratis mendapat respon positif dari publik. Dari data survei menunjukkan sebanyak 84,7% publik menilai program bantuan internet gratis merupakan langkah tepat menjawab sense of crisis di tengah wabah corona (Covid-19). Sementara itu, sebanyak 85,6% publik menilai bahwa program bantuan internet gratis meringankan beban ekonomi orang tua pelajar atau mahasiswa dalam membeli paket internet. Bahkan, ada sebanyak 63,2% publik mengaku puas dengan kinerja Pusdatin Kemendikbud RI dalam menyalurkan bantuan kuota internet.Adapun platform belajar yang paling sering digunakan mulai dari platform Google Clasroom (26,1%), Ruangguru (17,1%) dan Rumah Belajar (15,2%) menempati posisi tiga besar. Untuk penggunaan media video call dalam pembelajaran daring, mayoritas publik menggunakan aplikasi Zoom (57,2%), disusul Google Meet (18,5%) dan Cisco Webex (8,3%). Masukan dari publik terkait kendala program kuota internet gratis diantaranya: memperbaiki signal internet tidak stabil (23,8%), askes internet yang terbatas (16,0%), pembagian bantuan harus lebih merata (13,3%), jumlah kuota internet minim/kecil (9,3%) serta perlunya pengawasan penggunaan (5,1%).
Analisis Potensi Likuefaksi dan Perbaikan Tanah dengan Stone Column: Studi Kasus pada Coal Shelter PLTU Lontar, Banten
Authors: Fajarwati Yuli , Kusuma Rama Indera
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT The high demand for electricity needs requires the availability of new generation sites. The new plant developed is a PLTU in Lontar. The condition of coal shelter as a research site dominated by silty clay and silty sand and located in the earthquake zoning is high that the planning of the coal shelter area must accordance with the feasibility of building establishment, it is necessary to analyze the potential liquefaction and improvement methods. Soil improvement efforts to reduce the potential for liquefaction include soil improvement with stone columns. The method of liquefaction analysis in this study uses the method developed by Idriss and Boulanger. The results of the analysis of the potential for liquefaction at BH-1 occurred at a depth of 3-16 m and at BH-3 the potential for liquefaction occurred at a depth of 4-24 m. Potential of the thickest layer for liquefaction is at BH-3 with a depth of 24 m. Improvement with a stone column can reduce the potential for liquefaction and can increase the value of the safety factor against the potential for liquefaction at the coal shelter location. Improvement analysis with a stone column using Plaxis software, the value of the safe factor after installing the stone column at BH-1 FS 2.89, at BH-3 FS became 2.65. ABSTRAKBanyaknya permintaan kebutuhan listrik yang tinggi diperlukan ketersediaan lokasi pembangkit baru. Pembangkit baru yang dikembangkan yaitu PLTU Batubara di Lontar. Kondisi coal shelter sebagai lokasi penelitian yang didominasi oleh lapisan tanah lempung kelanauan dan pasir kelanauan serta berada pada zonasi gempa cukup tinggi sehingga perencanaan area coal shelter harus memenuhi syarat kelayakan pendirian bangunan, maka perlu dilakukan analisis potensi likuefaksi serta metode perbaikannya. Upaya perbaikan tanah untuk mengurangi potensi likuefaksi yaitu perbaikan tanah dengan stone column (kolom batu). Metode analisis likuefaksi pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode yang dikembangkan oleh Idriss dan Boulanger. Hasil analisis potensi likuefaksi pada titik BH-1 terjadi di kedalaman 3-16 m dan pada titik BH-3 potensi likuefaksi terjadi pada kedalaman 4-24 m. Lapisan yang paling tebal mengalami potensi likuefaksi ada pada titik BH-3 dengan kedalaman 24 m. Perbaikan dengan stone column dapat mengurangi potensi likuefaksi dan mampu meningkatkan nilai faktor keamanan terhadap potensi likuefaksi di lokasi coal shelter. Analisis perbaikian dengan stone column menggunakan software Plaxis, nilai faktor aman setelah dipasang stone column pada titik BH-1 FS 2,89, pada titik BH-3 FS menjadi 2,65.
Characteristics of ASTM A36 steel plate corrosion rate due to bending treatment with angle, corrosion media, and corrosion time variations
Authors: Arifin Muhamad Zainal , Kustono Djoko , Widiyanti Widiyanti
Published: June 2021

Bending can cause stress to the workpiece, where the stress can cause a fine crack in the metal which can lead to corrosion. Corrosion that occurs can result in a decline in the quality of metals, especially in mechanical properties. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the corrosion rate of each bending angle. This study uses low carbon steel with ASTM A36 type plates, this type of steel is often used in ship production. This research is an experimental study using descriptive statistical methods, and 3x3 factorial Anava for testing hypotheses. From this research, the results obtained in the form of corrosion rate values, where the characteristics of the corrosion rate of steel plates with the lowest corrosion resistance are at 60o bending treatment, seawater media, and 48 hours with a corrosion rate of 2.005 mmpy. Corrosion rate characteristics with the best resistance are in the bending treatment of 120o, PDAM water media, and 24 hour time with a corrosion rate of 0.695 mmpy. Hypothesis test results state that there is a significant effect of variations in bending angle, corrosion media, and corrosion time on the value of the corrosion rate.
Hybrid method integrating SQL-IF and Naïve Bayes for SQL injection attack avoidance
Authors: Hernawan Faisal Yudo , Hidayatulloh Indra , Adam Ipam Fuaddina
Published: June 2021

Web applications are the objects most targeted by attackers. The technique most often used to attack web applications is SQL injection. This attack is categorized as dangerous because it can be used to illegally retrieve, modify, delete data, and even take over databases and web applications. To prevent SQL injection attacks from being executed by the database, a system that can identify attack patterns and can learn to detect new patterns from various attack patterns that have occurred is required. This study aims to build a system that acts as a proxy to prevent SQL injection attacks using the Hybrid Method which is a combination of SQL Injection Free Secure (SQL-IF) and Naïve Bayes methods. Tests were carried out to determine the level of accuracy, the effect of constants (K) on SQL-IF, and the number of datasets on Naïve Bayes on the accuracy and efficiency (average load time) of web pages. The test results showed that the Hybrid Method can improve the accuracy of SQL injection attack prevention. Smaller K values and larger dataset will produce better accuracy. The Hybrid Method produces a longer average web page load time than using only the SQL-IF or Naïve Bayes methods.
The performance of stability test using Bantak aggregate and AC50/70 as polymer on Marshall characteristic
Authors: Pangestu Tino Putro , Ahmad Wasiu Akande , Bawono Adi Setiabudi , Aqifd Mohamad
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine Marshall's characteristics using asphalt binder modified polymer AC 50/70 (Starbit E-55) using local Bantak material. The test method used is a hot mix asphalt (Hot Mix) with the Marshall method. The asphalt content used was 5% successively; 5.5%; 6%; 6.5%; and 7% consisting of 3 specimens for each variant. The research was carried out at the Material Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University. The results of the Marshall characteristic performance test at the Optimum Asphalt Level (KAO) 6.5% are as follows: Marshall stability mean value is 1197.6 kg, Density mean value is 2.34 gr/cc, the mean value of melt (Flow) is 3, 1 mm, the mean value of VIM (Void in Mix) was 4.83%, the mean value of VMA (Void in Mineral Aggregate) was 13.40%, the mean value of VFB (Void Filled Bitumen) was 60.61%, and the mean value of MQ (Marshall Quotient) 391.08 kg/mm.
Development of Authentic Assessment Instruments for Saintifical Learning in Tourism Vocational High Schools
Authors: Sugiyono Sugiyono , Lastariwati Badraningsih , Budiastuti Emy , Yudianto A
Published: June 2021

Teachers of Tourism Vocational High Schools in assessing students’ performance generally use an invalid written test. It does not measure what it was designed to measure. Measurement of performance should use authentic assessments. The objectives of this study were (1) identifying aspects required to develop an instrument, (2) developing authentic assessment instruments on scientific learning of Tourism Vocational High Schools, and (3) developing authentic rubrics of scientific learning. This study was Research and Development applying the 4D model consisting of Define, Design, Developed, and Disseminate. The first year study completed stages of Defining and Designing, while the second year completed stages of Developing and Disseminating. The results of the first year study were the prototype of the instruments and the rubric script. This study generated 3 instrument prototypes, namely attitude instrument (8 items), knowledge instrument (9 items), and skills instrument (18 items), along with the rubrics for each instrument. The three instruments qualify face validity with expert judgment, content validity with Aiken formula, construct validity with goodness-of-fit test, and reliability estimate with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient.
Perceptions, Knowledge, and Attitudes of Students towards Safety Practice in Culinary Laboratories
Authors: Ismail Mohd Erfy , Harun H. , Abdul Razzaq A.R. , Irwan Mahazir I. , Abd Samad N. , Othman H.
Published: June 2021

The variety of tools and equipment requires a modern and sophisticated safety management for practical works in a laboratory. It is susceptible to the risk of an accident if safety is ignored. Therefore, this study conducted a descriptive survey to assess perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes of students in the course of culinary about safety practices in culinary laboratories. The population consisted of 90 students from the first year until the fourth year, which comprises the entire study population involved in practical works in the laboratory. Nonrandom sampling using a purposive sampling technique used as the sampling method and involved 60 samples. The instruments were a questionnaire to obtain information. Data were collected and analyzed statistically. Based on the pilot study analysis, the reliability of the instrument was 0.91 categorized as high. Results showed that good safety practices give positive influence on knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of students towards safety practice in culinary laboratories. The study showed that a safe and orderly work culture is capable of creating disciplined and responsible attitudes.
The Vocational High School Teachers ‘Awareness Level and Implementation of the Students’ Learning Style Assessment
Authors: Mashoedah Mashoedah , Hartmann Martin , Dwi Surjono Herman , Zamroni Zamroni
Published: June 2021

As a reflection of teachers’ awareness of the students’ learning styles, teachers are required to have a good understanding of how the learning materials will be delivered to them through the teaching method and media, which are appropriate for their preferences. However, the uniqueness of learners’ learning styles has not become an important consideration for most of teachers. This study was aimed at finding out, to what extent vocational high school teachers were aware of the students’ learning styles. The data were collected through a survey and analyzed with the descriptive quantitative analysis. The results revealed that most of the respondents with the percentage of 65.7% (n=67) do not know the term of learning styles. Most of the respondents with the percentage of 77.6% do not assess the students’ learning styles. Although most of the respondents do not assess the students’ learning styles, the aspects of assessing the learning styles, using the instructional media appropriate with the students’ learning styles, and care about the students’ preferences in learning were categorized as good with the percentage of 43.3%, 71.6%, and 56.7% respectively. The overall of the vocational high school teachers’ awareness level of the students’ learning styles is categorized as good with the percentage of 76.1%.
Relevance of the Productive Course of Hair Beauty in Vocational High Schools to Industry Needs
Authors: Ambiyar Ambiyar , Yulastri Asmar , Yupelmi Mimi , Paryono Paryono
Published: June 2021

The problem primarily faced by vocational education institutions is a gap between skills taught at schools and skills required by the industries. This leads to the increasing unemployment rate of Vocational High School graduates. Thus relevant curriculum is required to satisfy the industry demands. This study aimed at analyzing the relevance of the productive course of hair beauty in Vocational High Schools to the job requirements in beauty salons in Padang. This study was qualitative descriptive. The data collection used interviews, observation and documentation. The data collection instruments consisted of observation sheets and interview guidelines. The data were analyzed using the stages of data reduction, presentation and conclusion. The results showed positive relevance of the productive course of hair beauty in Vocational High Schools to the job requirements in beauty salons in Padang. The skills learned in the schools were adequately relevant with the skills required by beauty salons, since from thirteen productive lessons taught in the schools, eleven of them were implemented and used in the workplaces.
Professional Development for Vocational High School Teachers through Incremental Teacher Competence Standards
Authors: Waluyanti Sri , Santoso Djoko , Munir Muh , Wulandari Bekti , Raduan Atiqah
Published: June 2021

This study presents the competence of vocational high school teachers through the implementation of five work dimensions of teachers’ incremental standard competence. It was conducted in the framework of the sustainable professional development for vocational teachers using participatory action research at two Vocational High Schools by involving 50 teachers. The study included socialization of incremental competency standards and reflection, mentoring and consultation sessions, and teaching reports and reflection. Data collection used observation, assessment, and teaching reports. To optimize the results, it was ended with a focus group discussion involving the Institute for Education Quality Assurance. The results showed that the teachers’ competence in the aspects of the learning plan, learning resource utilization, media utilization, facilitating students’ learning needs, ability to create learning evaluation instrument, and following up the learning outcomes were all categorized as good while the aspect of developing students’ potentials both curriculum implementation and reflection ability was categorized as very good. It indicates the mentoring and the consultation worked effectively. Meanwhile, the teachers' ability that should be improved is the creation of assessment instruments.
Profiles of Teachers’ Expertise and Professional Development in Technology and Engineering Expertise Program of Vocational Secondary Schools
Authors: Djatmiko Istanto Wahyu , Waluyanti Sri , Sukardi Thomas , Yuswono Lilik Chaerul
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed to identify the profiles of teachers' expertise and professional development in Technology and Engineering Expertise Program (TEEP) of Vocational Secondary Schools (VSSs). This study was conducted with a survey approach. The population consisted of 1025 teachers of TEEP at VSSs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The samples were 280 teachers selected with proportional random sampling. Data were collected by an open-ended questionnaire and analyzed with a descriptive method. Results of the study identified the profiles of expertise that included the majority of teacher’s employment status is government employees and scanty non-government employees. The range of working time is mostly from 7 and 18 years. Teachers mostly participate in the teachers’ certification through the professional teachers training program.  A few number of the teachers have the additional expertise certificates, and none of the teachers has the dual expertise certificates. Furthermore, types of the teachers’ professional development activities that followed by most of the teachers are seminars, journals, learning media, and participating as members of teachers association.
Longitudinal Study of the Vocational and High School Graduation Rate from 2011 to 2016 in Erie County, New York
Authors: Saleh Ilhamdaniah
Published: June 2021

This study highlighted the discrepancies of education outcomes in urban-suburban settings and the differences between the graduates of vocational high schools and general high schools from 2011 to 2016 in Erie County, New York State, United States. Erie was infamous for racial segregation and the discrepancy of school quality between urban, suburban, and rural areas. New York State Department of Education has invested efforts to improve the education outcomes of vocational and high school education in the region. However, the education outcome gap still existed between those schools. The data source was derived from the School Report Card from 2011 to 2016 published by New York State Department of Education. The outcome variable was the percentage of high school graduates who attained Regent diploma (New York State standard) or the graduation rate. Methods utilized were an independent sample t-test, an analysis of variance, and a hierarchical linear model to measure the difference in longitudinal growth of graduation rate from 2011 to 2016. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the means of the graduation rate between vocational and general high schools. Teacher academic qualifications and certifications had a positive relationship with the graduation rate. The implication of this study called for tremendous efforts to improve the educational outcome, leverage teacher competencies, and close the gap.
The Effect of an Augmented Reality Teaching Kit on Visualization, Cognitive Load and Teaching Styles
Authors: Ismail Mohd Erfy , Utami Pipit , Ismail Irwan Mahazir , Khairudin Moh. , Amiruddin Mohd Hasril , Lastariwati Badraningsih , Maneetien Nopadon
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the visualization of the students, the students' cognitive load, and the teaching style of the teacher while teaching using the augmented reality (AR) teaching kit in the classroom. The population involved 90 Welding Technology students at Vocational College of Batu Pahat. The purposive sampling method was used and involved 30 respondents. The instrument used was a questionnaire to obtain information. Data were collected and analyzed descriptively. Based on the pilot study, the Cronbach Alpha value was 0.94. The results showed that the use of an AR teaching kit was able to enhance students’ visualization and reduced the cognitive load experienced by the students. In addition, teaching and learning are more interesting because of the teaching style of teachers who use theories and practices simultaneously. Furthermore, the use of AR in education can enhance the visualization of students abstractly, which helps them when conducting experiential tests and establishing a safe teaching and learning environment.
Motivation and Cognitive Learning in Workplaces of Vietnamese Students in Learning Chinese: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kieu Thuan Quan , Liu Wei-Te
Published: June 2021

In language learning, besides suitable learning strategies, motivation plays as the motor to encourage learners to walk toward their desired plans. Moreover, learning cognition in workplaces is considered as good strategies for language learning in off-classrooms. To comprehend the learning motivation and learning cognition in workplaces of language learners, this study aims to explore the motivation’s components and learning cognitions in workplaces of Chinese learners. Five Vietnamese students, who had studied Chinese at least for six months, were subjects of the study. Interviews and diary note-takings were used as the instruments for data collection. Data were analyzed through a descriptive analysis and coding categories. The obtained results showed that there are three major factors of motivation's components for participants to learn Chinese: (1) communicative purpose, (2) interest in culture and (3) promotion of future career. Moreover, in term of cognition of Chinese usage in workplaces, obtained results showed that the cognition of participants in two key procedures: knowing from problem-solving and reasoning and knowing from association with people in their workplaces.
Improving Creative Thinking Skills through Discovery Learning Model in Vocational High Schools
Authors: Nurlaela Luthfiyah , Suparji Suparji , Buditjahjanto IGP Asto , Sutiadiningsih Any , Lukitasari Febri
Published: June 2021

Several studies indicated the low creative thinking skills of vocational high school students. The objective of this study is to describe the application of discovery learning models to improve the ability of the teachers to manage learning, student activities during the learning process, the student learning outcomes in terms of creative thinking skills, and the student responses to the learning activities. The research subjects were 35 students from the study program of Catering Food Service in a Public Vocational High School, SMK N 6 Surabaya. The lesson plan included the syllabus, learning implementation plans, student activity sheets, and assessment. Meanwhile, the data collection instruments included tests, observations, and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test. The results showed that discovery learning model could improve the teacher's ability to manage the learning, students’ activities, learning outcomes of creative thinking skills, and students’ responses.
Learning Strategy to Develop Critical Thinking, Creativity, and Problem-Solving Skills for Vocational School Students
Authors: Samani Muchlas , Sunwinarti Sunwinarti , Putra Bima A.W. , Rahmadian Reza , Rohman Juni Noor
Published: June 2021

Critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills are critical for vocational schools graduates to enter the workforce in the industrial era 4.0. This study aims to find a learning strategy that can develop these three skills. The study was carried out at SMK X Mojokerto in the Automotive Technology Program in the academic year of 2017/2018. Data were collected using an observation sheet validated by three experts and tested with inter-rater reliability. The data analysis method is t-test. The results of data analysis showed that the Contextual Project Based Learning (CPjBL) was generally effective to improve critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. Detailed observation included each of these aspects. The findings showed that the implementation of contextualized learning problems could improve the aspect of originality and problem understanding skills, which was usually difficult to improve. On the other hand, CPjBL was not effective in developing the ability of analysis in critical thinking and look-back in problem-solving skills.
Learning Tool for Robotics Basic Programming Based on Contextual Teaching and Learning to Improve Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Zuhrie Muhamad Syariffuddien , Munoto Munoto , Asto B I Gusti Putu , Anifah Lilik , Hasanah Nur
Published: June 2021

In the robotics program design basic course, it is very essential to be able to construct programming and then translate it into the language. If there is a design error in the algorithms and mistakes in the flowchart or an error in translating it into a programming language, the application software would be unable to work. The objectives of this study are to develop the basic teaching module for Robotics Programming and to implement robotics courses oriented on contextual teaching and learning to enhance university students' problem-solving skills. This study was designed with pre-action, action and reports procedures. 4D development was employed in the software development process. Implementation processes cover four phases: identifying, planning, creating, and disseminating. The findings suggested that contextual teaching and learning enable students to be actively engaged in the learning process encourage and motivated more active students' activities and promote creativity.
Tadaluring Microteaching: An Effective Learning Model to Develop Basic Teaching Skills
Authors: Arifmiboy Arifmiboy
Published: June 2021

This study explored the effect of using a Tadaluring microteaching learning model on mastering a number of basic teaching skills by prospective teachers. The Tadaluring microteaching learning model is a learning model which combines three forms of integrated training namely classroom practices, online practices, and offline practices. This study was classified as a quasi-experimental study with a non equivalent control group design. The sample was selected with a purpose-sampling technique. The data were analyzed using a t-test method. The results of the study were: (1) there is a significant effect of using a Tadaluring microteaching learning model on prospective teachers' basic teaching skills, (2) the average ability to master basic teaching skills of prospective teachers using the Tadaluring model was higher than 80 with a very effective interpretation used in microteaching learning.
Vocational Career Center as the Bridge between Industry and Vocational High School Graduates
Authors: Indana Luthfi , Soenarto Soenarto
Published: June 2021

Preliminary study in Trenggalek city showed that there was a mismatch between the students’ skills learned at vocational high schools with their fields of work. It indicated that the role of vocational career center as a mediator between school and industry have not maximally yet. This study aimed to (1) describe how the vocational career center do its jobdesk, (2) categorize its performance, and (3) find the deficiency from the implementation of a career center in vocational high schools. The data analysis used a descriptive analysis from both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The result of study showed that the jobdesk of career center were collecting graduates databases, grouping the students who want to look for a job or study to higher education, and facilitating the students and world of work in the labour recruitment process. The performance of career center in Trenggalek Regency was good. From some predictors, those were job vacancy information, cooperation with world of work, alumni networking, data collection, communication between alumni, and alumni contribution, the career center’s aspect that need to be upgraded was the cooperation with the world of work.
Item Analysis of a Critical Thinking Skills Test on PLC Programming for Prospective Teachers
Authors: Rusimamto Puput Wanarti , Munoto Munoto , Samani Muchlas , Anifah Lilik
Published: June 2021

This study aimed at developing a test instrument to asses prospective vocational teachers’ critical thinking skills on Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programming. This research and development study produced the test instrument that had been trialled to 68 Indonesian electrical engineering education prospective teachers at Universitas Negeri Surabaya. The method used was Research and Development by referring to the revised Bloom method and the adjusted Facione model. The instrument consisted of 40 items that were further analyzed using a classical test and item response approaches. Students' responses were analyzed using the computer program of a Test Analysis Program and ConQest. The item difficulty of classical test theory was represented by p value revealed based on prospective teachers’ correct answers. Parameter b referred to location parameter that conveyed the position of the item’s characteristic curve in relation to the ability scales. The benefit of this study was it can measure the level of critical skills, especially on the subject of PLC programming. The existing instruments only measure PLC programming skills in general but have not yet specifically reached the measurement of critical skills level.
The Earnings and Employment of Community Colleges’ Graduates: Occupational Field and Gender Analysis
Authors: Buang Zurani , Mohamad M M , Ahmad A , Yuniarti N
Published: June 2021

Community College Malaysia is one of the Technical Education and Vocational Training Institutions in the country that plays an important role in steering the country's aspirations to become a developed nation by 2020. It focuses mainly on the supply of human capital among the youth future worker fit with skills, competencies and efficient industry requirements. However, the income earned varies widely based on the industry's ability to provide employment. The income factors led to an increase or decrease in the number of graduates' employability. There are more than ten categories of programs offered by community colleges and the numbers of employability relating to the demand from industries providing job opportunities to skilled workers. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a descriptive analysis of the earnings and employment of Community Colleges graduates based on occupational field and gender. The data were obtained by the survey of Community Colleges graduates in 2018. The study population consisted of 7725 graduates and 367 respondents were involved as samples who answered their respective job status in graduate's employability survey provided by the ministry. The result shows that most respondents received a salary between RM1501-RM2000, while the rest of the graduates earned between RM1001-RM1500 and RM1001-RM1500. In the gender factor of employment, female graduates exceed compared to male graduates on the income scale of RM1000 and below. However, at higher income levels of RM1501-2000 and above, male graduates earn more than their counterparts, the female graduates. The findings of this study are expected to be a future guide and encouragement, especially for community colleges to study skill programs that are in line with industry requirements and produce a competent and dynamic human capital to enhance the country's economy.
КЛІНІКО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДІТЕЙ З РІЗНИМИ ФОРМАМИ ОЖИРІННЯ
Authors: Михайлова Е. А. , Кукуруза Г. В. , Шестопалова Л. Ф. , Підкоритов В. С. , Кришталь Є. В. , Матковська Т. М. , Мітельов Д. А. , Нікітіна Л. Д.
Published: June 2021

Метою дослідження було визначення особливостей формування та чинників ризику порушень психічного розвитку у дітей з різними формами ожиріння. У дослідженні брали участь 304 дитини віком 7–18 років, хворих на ожиріння, які в залежності від форми, ступеня, типу ожиріння та наявності інсулінорезистентності (IP) були розподілені на 4 групи. Переважало нейро-ендокринне ожиріння І–ІІІ ступеню з андроїдним типом і наявністю ІР (41,12%) та екзогенно-конституційне без ІР (34,87%). Найрідше діагностувалось екзогенно-конституційне ожиріння з ІР (3,95%). Оцінкапсихопатологічних порушень з визначенням їх характеру та частоти в залежності від клінічної форми ожиріння дозволила встановити переважання емоційних порушень у дітей з нейроендокринним ожирінням, незалежно від рівня інсулінорезистентності. У дітей з різними клінічними формами ожиріння домінували астенічні розлади (75,5%), які коливались в діапазоні від доклінічних проявів до виражених астенічних станів, що створювали підґрунтя для порушення їх соціальнопсихологічної адаптації та функціонування. У пацієнтів з екзогенно-конституційним ожирінням,обтяженим інсулінорезистентністю переважали депресивні (41,6 %), а без наявності ознак інсулінорезистентності — психовегетативні (33,0 %) порушення. Депресивні та тривожні розлади домінували в структурі порушень емоційної сфери, при цьому така симптоматика була більш вираженою у хворих на ожиріння, поєднане з інсулінорезистентністю. Наведена змістовна характеристика складного симптомокомплексу клініко-психологічних особливостей дітей з ожирінням та показана наявність певних гендерних відмінностей. Виділено комплекс психосоціальних чинників,який здійснює патогенний вплив на психічний розвиток дитини з ожирінням. Діти з ожирінням розвиваються в особливій соціальній ситуації розвитку, яка характеризується складними явищами стигматизації і самостигматизації: наявністю очевидних зовнішніх ознак захворювання, що відрізняє їх від однолітків, викривленням образу власного тіла та станами психоемоційного напруження, різними, в тому числі, деструктивними формами реагування оточуючих на дитину.