bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Post-PCI Angiography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Gkini Konstantia-Paraskevi , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Gardikioti Vasiliki , Aznaouridis Konstantinos , Dima Ioanna , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Vlachopoulos Charalambos
Published: August 2023

The post-percutaneous coronary intervention (post-PCI) fractional flow reserve (FFR) can detect suboptimal PCI or residual ischemia and potentially lead to fewer adverse clinical outcomes. We sought to investigate the predictive value of the angiography-derived FFR for adverse cardiovascular events in patients after PCI. We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, for studies published until March 2023 that investigated the prognostic role of angiography-derived fractional flow reserve values after PCI. We investigated the best predictive ability of the post-PCI angiography-derived FFR and relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between post-PCI angiography-derived FFR values and adverse events. Thirteen cohort studies involving 6961 patients (9719 vascular lesions; mean follow-up: 2.2 years) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HR of the studies using specific cut-off points for post-PCI angiography-derived FFR was 4.13 (95% CI, 2.92–5.82) for total cardiovascular events, while the pooled HRs for target vessel revascularization, cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization were 6.87 (95% CI, 4.93–9.56), 6.17 (95% CI, 3.52–10.80), 3.98 (95% CI, 2.37–6.66) and 6.27 (95% CI, 3.08–12.79), respectively. In a sensitivity analysis of three studies with 1789 patients assessing the predictive role of the post-PCI angiography-derived FFR as a continuous variable, we found a 58% risk reduction for future adverse events per 0.1 increase in the post-PCI angiography-derived FFR value. In conclusion, post-PCI angiography-derived FFR is an effective tool for predicting adverse cardiovascular events and could be potentially used in decision making, both during PCI and in the long-term follow-up.
Potential Use of Vivascope for Real-Time Histological Evaluation in Endoscopic Laryngeal Surgery
Authors: De Benedetto Luigi , Moffa Antonio , Baptista Peter , Di Giovanni Simone , Giorgi Lucrezia , Verri Martina , Taffon Chiara , Crescenzi Anna , Casale Manuele
Published: August 2023

We aimed to assess the feasibility of using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for the real-time ex vivo examination of histological samples of laryngeal lesions and to evaluate the correlation between CLSM and definitive histological results. This preliminary study included eight consecutive patients with “suspected” laryngeal lesions who were candidates for endoscopic laryngeal surgery. The obtained samples were evaluated using CLSM and classified as “inadequate” or “adequate” (high- and low-grade dysplasia, in situ and invasive carcinoma, positive surgical margin, and inflammatory outbreaks). CLSM showed the macro image in all cases and generated a digital version. All the samples were defined as adequate during CLSM and confirmed at histopathology: low-grade dysplasia (n = 5), low- and high-grade dysplasia (n = 2), and high-grade dysplasia (n = 1). Four samples had an involved resection margin, and three samples revealed the presence of inflammatory outbreaks. CLSM can be applied to larynx pathology with excellent agreement with final histological results.
Carbon Emissions and Stock Returns: The Case of Russia
Authors: Reshetnikova Liudmila , Ovechkin Danila , Devyatkov Anton , Chernova Galina , Boldyreva Natalia
Published: August 2023

Russia is taking the first steps in the formation of an emissions trading system. In this article, we studied the impact of carbon risk on Russian stock returns. We link carbon risk to CO2 emissions and air protection costs. We suggest that carbon firms are exposed to carbon risk and hence require a premium in stock returns. We use an approach based on the asset pricing methodology for carbon, carbon-free, and “carbon-minus-carbon-free” portfolios. Based on the Newey–West estimate, we perform a linear regression analysis for the period from January 2014 to December 2021. We find a positive and statistically significant carbon premium. This means that carbon firms show higher expected returns. Carbon risk does not have a statistically significant impact on the carbon premium. The carbon firms’ stock returns are not sensitive to CO2 emissions and air protection costs. Our analysis shows that a quarter of the carbon premium is explained by the market premium and is not sensitive to size, value, and momentum premiums. Our results inform policymakers and investors about the implications of environmental regulation. Policymakers should take into account the results obtained in the development of national climate and, in general, environmental policies.
Remote Binaural System (RBS) for Noise Acoustic Monitoring
Authors: Acosta Oscar , Hermida Luis , Herrera Marcelo , Montenegro Carlos , Gaona Elvis , Bejarano Mateo , Gordillo Kevin , Pavón Ignacio , Asensio Cesar
Published: August 2023

The recent emergence of advanced information technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and data science has improved and optimized various processes in acoustics with potential real-world applications. Noise monitoring tasks on large terrains can be captured using an array of sound level meters. However, current monitoring systems only rely on the knowledge of a singular measured value related to the acoustic energy of the captured signal, leaving aside spatial aspects that complement the perception of noise by the human being. This project presents a system that performs binaural measurements according to subjective human perception. The acoustic characterization in an anechoic chamber is presented, as well as acoustic indicators obtained in the field initially for a short period of time. The main contribution of this work is the construction of a binaural prototype that resembles the human head and which transmits and processes acoustical data on the cloud. The above allows noise level monitoring via binaural hearing rather than a singular capturing device. Likewise, it can be highlighted that the system allows for obtaining spatial acoustic indicators based on the interaural cross-correlation function (IACF), as well as detecting the location of the source on the azimuthal plane.
Perception Analysis of the Transformation from a Fishery-Led to Industry-Led Island with its Human Settlement Changes: A Case Study of Liuheng Island, Zhoushan City, China
Authors: Fu Wenqing , Ma Renfeng , Liang Xianjun , Zhao Yiran , Wu Lingzhi , Luo Maoyu , Mao Yanjun
Published: August 2023

Based on the theories of industrial structure and settlement environment, this paper conducts a quantitative and qualitative study to investigate how the evolution in the industrial structure of the island affects the settlement environment with relevant statistical data, local chronicles, and questionnaire survey data. The study found that the industrial structure of Liuheng Island has transformed from a fishery-led to industry-led island, which has led to the rapid increase of urbanization on Liuheng Island, and the public service facilities have been increasingly densely distributed urban-type communities with high modernization levels, such as Longshan Community, Xuanzhuotou Community, and Taimen Community. The local residents of Liuheng Island are also satisfied with the public service facilities in terms of facility availability, transportation convenience, environmental comfort, and environmental health. For a period, the island residents were particularly concerned about the regional differences in environmental health, and the main reasons were the industrial structure upgrade towards industrialization, which would cause certain industrial waste emissions, and the pressure of commuting within the island, which would affect residents’ sense of security. This indicates that the evolution of industrial structure will directly affect the speed and quality of urban and rural settlement hardware construction and also, to a certain extent, the subjective perceptions of residents around the dense industrial areas on the state of the settlement, especially in terms of environmental health and community living safety.
Land Finance, Real Estate Market, and Local Government Debt Risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Mengkai , Chen Ting , Ruan Debao , Wang Xiaowei
Published: August 2023

The financing function of land in China has been extensively documented, but little research has explored the role of land finance in the real estate market affecting local government debt. In light of the recent simultaneous increase in China’s real estate market risk and local government debt risk over the past two years, a pressing need to reevaluate the significance of land finance has arisen. Thus, this study explores the role of land finance in the relationship between the real estate market and local debt risk. The data were collected from 224 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2019. The study found that real estate market prosperity significantly promotes the expansion of local government debt. Land finance acts as a mediator and a moderator in this relationship. The study also found that during periods of real estate market booms, local governments tend to sell more land, which reinforces their debt-raising behavior and exacerbates the impact of the real estate market on local government debt; during periods of real estate market downturns, local governments tend to decrease debt, but the government debt repayment risk increases significantly. Furthermore, the amplifying effect of land finance is more pronounced in economically developed regions and cities with higher public budget revenues.
U-Net-STN: A Novel End-to-End Lake Boundary Prediction Model
Authors: Yin Lirong , Wang Lei , Li Tingqiao , Lu Siyu , Yin Zhengtong , Liu Xuan , Li Xiaolu , Zheng Wenfeng
Published: August 2023

Detecting changes in land cover is a critical task in remote sensing image interpretation, with particular significance placed on accurately determining the boundaries of lakes. Lake boundaries are closely tied to land resources, and any alterations can have substantial implications for the surrounding environment and ecosystem. This paper introduces an innovative end-to-end model that combines U-Net and spatial transformation network (STN) to predict changes in lake boundaries and investigate the evolution of the Lake Urmia boundary. The proposed approach involves pre-processing annual panoramic remote sensing images of Lake Urmia, obtained from 1996 to 2014 through Google Earth Pro Version 7.3 software, using image segmentation and grayscale filling techniques. The results of the experiments demonstrate the model’s ability to accurately forecast the evolution of lake boundaries in remote sensing images. Additionally, the model exhibits a high degree of adaptability, effectively learning and adjusting to changing patterns over time. The study also evaluates the influence of varying time series lengths on prediction accuracy and reveals that longer time series provide a larger number of samples, resulting in more precise predictions. The maximum achieved accuracy reaches 89.3%. The findings and methodologies presented in this study offer valuable insights into the utilization of deep learning techniques for investigating and managing lake boundary changes, thereby contributing to the effective management and conservation of this significant ecosystem.
Pathways of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) in the Orchestration of Uterine Fibroids Development
Authors: Fedotova Maria , Barysheva Ekaterina , Bushueva Olga
Published: August 2023

Uterine fibroids (UF) are common benign tumors in women. The course of UF is associated with troubling symptoms and the development of infertility and pregnancy pathology. Surgical treatment even implies hysterectomy, while pharmacological interventions are modestly effective. Classically, hypoxic metabolism is considered a hallmark of malignant tumor. However, the role of hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) is significant in benign tumors as well. Herein, we briefly review the basic biology of HIF-family proteins, outlining their possible roles in UF. Apart from theoretical justifications, we summarized 15 studies reporting increased expression of HIFs and downstream factors in UF samples. Altogether, data suggest that increased expression of the HIF-protein and altered expression of its dependent genes are presumed to be the factors leading to UF development. Thus, even without being a malignant tumor, UF is characterized by the strong involvement of HIF. This novel insight may give rise to further research in the direction of finding new prognostic markers and effective medicines against UF.
DFT Calculation of the Mechanism of the Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation of a Lubricant Base Stock
Authors: Li Yan , Xia Lei , Liu Rendong
Published: August 2023

Aldehyde condensation is a reaction step in the oxidization of a lubricant base stock into high-molecular-weight products, forming sludge and a paint film, which lead to the failure of lubricating oil. Calculations on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) were employed to investigate the reaction mechanism of the acid-catalyzed aldol condensation of a lubricant base stock. Carbonyl compounds could be converted into their resonant enol structures. However, the activation energy of the process was relatively high, and it was difficult to initiate. The existence of the acid could obviously decrease the activation energy of the reaction from 269.17–287.82 kJ/mol to 177.10–177.63 kJ/mol, and it significantly reduced the difficulty of initiating this reaction. The carbocation formed by the carbonyl compounds and acid could further react with the enol and produce an intermediate reaction product in which the chain of molecules grew longer. This process was not difficult to initiate, with a reaction activation energy of 65.10 kJ/mol. The intermediate product with a larger molecular weight could be converted into carbonyl compounds containing a β-hydroxy by removing a hydrogen proton from it. The energy barrier for this process was 193.15 kJ/mol, and it was not easy to initiate the reaction.
A Knowledge Discovery Process Extended to Experimental Data for the Identification of Motor Misalignment Patterns
Authors: Bold Sebastian , Urschel Sven
Published: August 2023

The diagnosis of misalignment plays a crucial role in the area of maintenance and repair since misalignment can lead to expensive downtime. To address this issue, several solutions have been developed, and both offline and online approaches are available. However, online strategies using a small number of sensors show a higher false positive rate than other approaches. The problem is a lack of knowledge regarding the interrelations of a fault, disturbances during the diagnosis process, and capable features and feature vectors. Knowledge discovery in database is a framework that allows extracting the missing knowledge. For technical systems, optimal results were achieved by aligning (partially) automated experiments with a data mining strategy, in this case classification. The results yield a greater understanding of the interrelations regarding parallel misalignment, i.e., feature vectors that show good results also with varying load and realistic fault levels. Moreover, the test data confirm a specificity (range 0 to 1) for classification between 0.87 and 1 with the found feature vectors. For angular misalignment, potential vectors were identified, but these need further validation with a modified experiment in future work. For the study, two induction motors with 1.1 kW and 7.5 kW were considered. Furthermore, the findings were compared with additional motors of the same rated power. The findings of this work can help to improve the implementation of sensorless diagnostics on machines and advance the research in this field.
A Note on Some Generalized Hypergeometric Reduction Formulas
Authors: González-Santander Juan Luis , Sánchez Lasheras Fernando
Published: August 2023

Herein, we calculate reduction formulas for some generalized hypergeometric functions m+1Fmz in terms of elementary functions as well as incomplete beta functions. For this purpose, we calculate the n-th order derivative of the function zγBzα,β with respect to z. As corollaries, we obtain reduction formulas of these m+1Fmz functions for argument unity in terms of elementary functions, as well as beta functions.
Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Rolled 7075 Alloy under Hot Compression with Different Original Grains
Authors: Ye Tuo , Qiu Sawei , Xia Erli , Luo Fang , Liu Wei , Wu Yuanzhi
Published: August 2023

The hot compression of rolled 7075 alloys with different heat treatments was performed. The temperature ranged from 200 to 400 °C, and the strain rate was 0.01 s−1. The stress level decreases with the increasing temperature during compression, and the strength of the alloy in the original condition is higher than that of solution-treated (ST) alloy at the same deformation condition. The alloys with different heat treatments exhibit different anisotropic behaviors at 200 °C; the anisotropy for the alloys in both conditions becomes weaker with increasing temperature. Then, the corresponding microstructure was studied. The alloy’s microstructure in its original condition consists of fiber grains; however, many equiaxed grains are found after solution treatment due to the recrystallization. The grains with different shapes lead to different anisotropic mechanical properties. For the alloys in both conditions, the density of the dislocation decreases with increasing temperature during compression, and a certain number of subgrains were found when deformed at 400 °C due to the higher driving force and a higher rate of atomic migration. Meanwhile, it is observed that the precipitates of the alloy become coarser during higher-temperature deformation. Dynamic softening is dominant in high-temperature deformation, decreasing stress during hot deformation.
The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids Promotes the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Li Zhonglin , Yuan Hang , Chu Huikuan , Yang Ling
Published: August 2023

Recently the roles of gut microbiota are highly regarded in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The intestinal bacteria regulate the metabolism of bile acids depending on bile salt hydrolase (BSH), 7-dehydroxylation, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH), or amide conjugation reaction, thus exerting effects on NAFLD development through bile acid receptors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), Takeda G-protein-coupled bile acid protein 5 (TGR5), and vitamin D receptor (VDR), which modulate nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity via interacting with downstream molecules. Reversely, the composition of gut microbiota is also affected by the level of bile acids in turn. We summarize the mutual regulation between the specific bacteria and bile acids in NAFLD and the latest clinical research based on microbiota and bile acids, which facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities in NAFLD.
Endemic High-Risk Clone ST277 Is Related to the Spread of SPM-1-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in Northern Brazil
Authors: Dos Santos Pabllo Antonny Silva , Rodrigues Yan Corrêa , Marcon Davi Josué , Lobato Amália Raiana Fonseca , Cazuza Thalyta Braga , Gouveia Maria Isabel Montoril , Silva Marcos Jessé Abrahão , Souza Alex Brito , Lima Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa , Quaresma Ana Judith Pires Garcia , Brasiliense Danielle Murici , Lima Karla Valéria Batista
Published: August 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a high-priority bacterial agent that causes healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs), which often leads to serious infections and poor prognosis in vulnerable patients. Its increasing resistance to antimicrobials, associated with SPM production, is a case of public health concern. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genotyping features of P. aeruginosa strains producing SPM-1 in the Northern region of Brazil. To determine the presence of virulence and resistance genes, the PCR technique was used. For the susceptibility profile of antimicrobials, the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was performed on Mueller–Hinton agar. The MLST technique was used to define the ST of the isolates. The exoS+/exoU− virulotype was standard for all strains, with the aprA, lasA, toxA, exoS, exoT, and exoY genes as the most prevalent. All the isolates showed an MDR or XDR profile against the six classes of antimicrobials tested. HRC ST277 played a major role in spreading the SPM-1-producing P. aeruginosa strains.
Ferulic Acid Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Colon Cancer CT26 Cells via the MAPK Pathway
Authors: Chen Shanbin , Zhao Dong , Luan Chunguang , Zheng Jia , Liu Wei , Feng Zheng , Luo Ruiqi , Han Xinglin , Wang Deliang
Published: August 2023

Ferulic acid (FA) is a bioactive compound found in traditional Chinese herbal medicine; for example, it is present in Xinjiang Ferula, but also in strong-flavor Chinese baijiu. FA has been shown to play a crucial role in treating oxidative stress, skin whitening, and eye diseases. In this study, the potential role of FA as a means of inducing apoptosis and inhibiting colon cancer induced by the transplantation of CT26 cells was investigated. The results show that FA adjuvant treatment caused an upregulation in the expression of genes related to autophagy while simultaneously suppressing the expression of inflammatory response elements and improving the bodyweight, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) in vivo. Furthermore, FA inhibited the proliferation of CT26 cells and induced apoptosis, specifically by activating the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK to enhance the essential proteins BCL-2 and BAX in the apoptosis pathway. These results suggest that FA could be a promising auxiliary therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon cancer. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of FA and its synergistic effects with other compounds.
Sustainable Electropolymerization of Zingerone and Its C2 Symmetric Dimer for Amperometric Biosensor Films
Authors: Caval Myriam , Dettori Maria Antonietta , Carta Paola , Dallocchio Roberto , Dessì Alessandro , Marceddu Salvatore , Serra Pier Andrea , Fabbri Davide , Rocchitta Gaia
Published: August 2023

Polymeric permselective films are frequently used for amperometric biosensors to prevent electroactive interference present in the target matrix. Phenylenediamines are the most commonly used for the deposition of shielding polymeric films against interfering species; however, even phenolic monomers have been utilized in the creation of these films for microsensors and biosensors. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performances of electrosynthesized polymers, layered by means of constant potential amperometry (CPA), of naturally occurring compound zingerone (ZING) and its dimer dehydrozingerone (ZING DIM), which was obtained by straight oxidative coupling reaction. The polymers showed interesting shielding characteristics against the main interfering species, such as ascorbic acid (AA): actually, polyZING exhibited an AA shielding aptitude comprised between 77.6 and 99.6%, comparable to that obtained with PPD. Moreover, a marked capability of increased monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (HP), when data were compared with bare metal results, was observed. In particular, polyZING showed increases ranging between 55.6 and 85.6%. In the present work, the molecular structures of the obtained polymers have been theorized and docking analyses were performed to understand their peculiar characteristics better. The structures were docked using the Lamarckian genetic algorithm (LGA). Glutamate biosensors based on those polymers were built, and their performances were compared with biosensors based on PPD, which is the most widespread polymer for the construction of amperometric biosensors.
Natural Rubber/Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites as Efficient Adsorbents for the Selective Adsorption of (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate and Caffeine from Green Tea
Authors: Jermjun Kamolwan , Khumho Rujeeluk , Thongoiam Mookarin , Yousatit Satit , Yokoi Toshiyuki , Ngamcharussrivichai Chawalit , Nuntang Sakdinun
Published: August 2023

(–)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a bioactive component of green tea that provides many health benefits. However, excessive intake of green tea may cause adverse effects of caffeine (CAF) since green tea (30–50 mg) has half the CAF content of coffee (80–100 mg). In this work, for enhancing the health benefits of green tea, natural rubber/hexagonal mesoporous silica (NR/HMS) nanocomposites with tunable textural properties were synthesized using different amine template sizes and applied as selective adsorbents to separate EGCG and CAF from green tea. The resulting adsorbents exhibited a wormhole-like silica framework, high specific surface area (528–578 m2 g−1), large pore volume (0.76–1.45 cm3 g−1), and hydrophobicity. The NR/HMS materials adsorbed EGCG more than CAF; the selectivity coefficient of EGCG adsorption was 3.6 times that of CAF adsorption. The EGCG adsorption capacity of the NR/HMS series was correlated with their pore size and surface hydrophobicity. Adsorption behavior was well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that adsorption involved H-bonding interactions between the silanol groups of the mesoporous silica surfaces and the hydroxyl groups of EGCG and the carbonyl group of CAF. As for desorption, EGCG was more easily removed than CAF from the NR/HMS surface using an aqueous solution of ethanol. Moreover, the NR/HMS materials could be reused for EGCG adsorption at least three times. The results suggest the potential use of NR/HMS nanocomposites as selective adsorbents for the enrichment of EGCG in green tea. In addition, it could be applied as an adsorbent in the filter to reduce the CAF content in green tea by up to 81.92%.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Enzyme-Inhibitory Activities, and Multivariate Analysis of Insect Gall Extracts of Picea koraiensis Nakai
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Sun Hui , He Xu , Chen Meihua , Zang Hao , Liu Xuekun , Piao Huri
Published: August 2023

Picea koraiensis Nakai (PK) is an evergreen tree. It plays an important role in landscaping and road greening. Insect galls of PK are formed by parasitism of the adelgid Adelges laricis. Except for phenolics, other chemical constituents and biological activity of insect gall from PK are still unknown. Thus, here, we performed phytochemical and biological activity analyses of PK insect gall extracts, aiming to turn waste into treasure and serve human health. PK insect gall extracts were prepared using seven solvents. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined via antioxidant assays (radical and oxidizing substance quenching, metal chelating, and reducing power). The inhibitory activities of the extracts were determined toward the key human-disease-related enzymes α-glucosidase, α-amylase, cholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease, and xanthine oxidase. The content of numerous active constituents was high in the methanol and ethanol extracts of PK insect gall, and these extracts had the highest antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities. They also showed excellent stability and low toxicity. These extracts have potential for use as stabilizers of olive and sunflower seed oils.
Epilepsy Due to Solitary Calcified Cysticercus Granuloma
Authors: Murthy Jagarlapudi M. K.
Published: August 2023

The calcified stage of the neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the common cause of acquired epilepsy in low and middle income countries in people aged > 20 years. Approximately 30% of adult onset seizures and epilepsy are attributable to NCC. In India and some of the Latin American countries, epilepsy due to solitary calcified NCC is the common adult onset epilepsy. The current evidence suggests that the calcified cysticercus granuloma is probably the epileptogenic focus. The mechanisms involved in the epileptogenic process are not well understood; Focal-onset seizures with or without impaired awareness are the common seizure type. Focal-onset seizure can evolve to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure. Seizure outcome with anti-seizure medication, most often with monotherapy, is very good. The seizure disorders associated with various stages of NCC can be preventable.
Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for Detection and Differentiation of Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses
Authors: Lazov Christina M. , Papetti Alice , Belsham Graham J. , Bøtner Anette , Rasmussen Thomas Bruun , Boniotti Maria Beatrice
Published: August 2023

It is important to be able to detect and differentiate between distinct porcine enteric coronaviruses that can cause similar diseases. However, the existence of naturally occurring recombinant coronaviruses such as swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) can give misleading results with currently used diagnostic methods. Therefore, we have developed and validated three duplex real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays for the simultaneous detection of, and differentiation between, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and SeCoV. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is also detected by two out of these three assays. In addition, a novel triplex assay was set up that was able to detect and differentiate between these alphacoronaviruses and the porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). The validated assays have low limits of detection, close to 100% efficiency, and were able to correctly identify the presence of PEDV and SeCoV in 55 field samples, whereas 20 samples of other pathogens did not give a positive result. Implementing one or more of these multiplex assays into the routine diagnostic surveillance for PEDV will ensure that the presence of SeCoV, TGEV, and PDCoV will not go unnoticed.
Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of DUF668 Genes in Glycine max under Salt Stress
Authors: Zaynab Madiha , Sharif Yasir , Xu Zhaoshi , Fiaz Sajid , Al-Yahyai Rashid , Yadikar Hamad. A. , Al Kashgry Najla Amin T. , Qari Sameer H. , Sadder Monther , Li Shuangfei
Published: August 2023

The DUF668 gene performs a critical role in mitigating the impact of abiotic stress factors. In this study, we identified 30 DUF668 genes in a soybean genome, distributed across fifteen chromosomes. The phylogenetic analysis classified the DUF668 genes into three groups (group I, group II, and group III). Interestingly, gene structure analysis illustrated that several GmDUF668 genes were without introns. Furthermore, the subcellular localization results suggested that GmDUF668 proteins were present in the nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. GmDUF668 promoters were analyzed in silico to gain insight into the presence of regulatory sequences for TFs binding. The expression profiling illustrated that GmDUF668 genes showed expression in leaves, roots, nodules, and flowers. To investigate their response to salt stress, we utilized the RNA sequencing data of GmDUF668 genes. The results unveiled that GmDUF668-8, GmDUF668-20, and GmDUF668-30 genes were upregulated against salt stress treatment. We further validated these findings using qRT-PCR analysis. These findings provide a scientific basis to explore the functions of GmDUF668 genes against different stress conditions.
Unveiling the Role of Sorghum RPAP3 in the Function of R2TP Complex: Insights into Protein Assembly in Plants
Authors: Antonio Larissa Machado , Martins Gustavo Henrique , Aragão Annelize Zambon Barbosa , Quel Natália Galdi , Zazeri Gabriel , Houry Walid A. , Ramos Carlos Henrique Inacio
Published: August 2023

The chaperone R2TP has multiple subunits that assist in the proper folding, assembly, and stabilization of various protein complexes in cells and its study can offer valuable insights into the regulation and maintenance of protein assemblies in plant systems. The ‘T’ component of R2TP is Tah1 in yeast, consisting of 111 residues, while its counterpart in humans is RPAP3, with 665 residues. RPAP3 acts as a co-chaperone of Hsp90 and facilitates interactions between RUVBL proteins and other complex components, enhancing the recruitment of client proteins by the R2TP complex. These facts further underscore the relevance of studying this complex in different organisms. The putative gene corresponding to the RPAP3 in Sorghum bicolor, a monocotyledon plant, was cloned, and the protein (396 residues) purified for biochemical characterization. SbRPAP3 exists as a folded monomer and has a RPAP3 domain, which is present in human RPAP3 but absent in yeast Tah1. SbRPAP3 retains its functional capabilities, including binding with RUVBLs, Hsp90, and Hsp70. By elucidating the role of RPAP3 in plant R2TP complex, we can further comprehend the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-specific protein assembly and contribute to advancements in plant biology and biotechnological applications.
Seasonal Hydration Status of Common Bryophyte Species in Azorean Native Vegetation
Authors: Coelho Márcia C. M. , Gabriel Rosalina , Ah-Peng Claudine
Published: August 2023

Bryophytes play a crucial role in the ecosystem’s water compartment due to their unique ability to retain water. However, their role within temperate native ecosystems is mostly unknown. To address this knowledge gap, a study was conducted on Terceira Island (Azores), focusing on 14 bryophyte species found at different altitudes (40 m, 683 m, and 1012 m); five samples were collected monthly, per species and location, and their fresh, saturated, and dry weights were examined in the laboratory; four species were collected from more than one site. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to assert the influence of climate factors (temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity) and environmental variables on two water indicators: field water content (FWC) and relative water content (RWC). None of the examined factors, per se, were able to explain all cases. Species appear to respond to climate according to a limiting factor effect: at lower elevations, precipitation was determinant, while at medium elevations, FWC was influenced by a combination of precipitation and relative humidity. At higher elevations, temperature was retained for seven of the nine studied species. The RWC values indicated that the 14 bryophyte species remained hydrated throughout the year but rarely reached their maximum water-holding capacity, even at the highest altitude. Understanding the mechanisms by which native bryophytes acquire, store, and release water is crucial for comprehending the resilience of native vegetation in the face of climate change. This knowledge can also enable the development of strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change and protect vital water resources.
Impact of Formation Dip Angle and Wellbore Azimuth on Fracture Propagation for Shale Reservoir
Authors: Yang Kefeng , Wang Lei , Ge Jingnan , He Jiayuan , Sun Ting , Wang Xinliang , Zhao Yanxin
Published: August 2023

The significant vertical heterogeneity, variations in ground stress directions, and irregular bedding interfaces make it extremely challenging to predict fracture propagation in continental shale reservoirs. In this article, we conducted a series of triaxial laboratory experiments on continental shale outcrop rocks to investigate the effects of formation dip angle and wellbore orientation on crack propagation under horizontal well conditions. Our study revealed that fracture propagation features can be categorized into four distinct types: (1) hydraulic fractures pass through the bedding interface without activating it; (2) fractures pass through and activate the bedding interface; (3) hydraulic fractures open and penetrate the bedding interface while also generating secondary fractures; and (4) hydraulic fractures open but do not penetrate the bedding interface. We found that as the dip angle decreases, the likelihood of fractures penetrating through the bedding interface increases. Conversely, as the dip angle increases, fractures are more likely to simply open the interface without penetrating it. Moreover, we observed that the well azimuth significantly affects the degree of fracture distortion. Specifically, higher azimuth angles corresponded to a higher degree of fracture distortion.
Establishment and Application of a New Parameter Model for Quantitative Characterization of the Heterogeneity of Thick, Coarse-Grained Clastic Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Badaowan Formation in the Western Slope of the Mahu Depression, Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Zhou Boyu , Zhao Xiaodong , Ji Xuebing , Wu Xinyu , Zhao Wenping , Rong Xi
Published: August 2023

The rock composition of thick-layer, coarse-grained clastic reservoirs is complex. There are large variations in granularity and poor selectivity. Reservoirs of thick-layer, coarse-grained clastic rocks are extremely heterogeneous. Current conventional parameters for quantitative characterization of reservoir heterogeneity, such as the calculation values of the permeability variation coefficient, the permeability rush coefficient, and the permeability contrast, are unbounded, have different representation angles, and the quantification degree of the characterization method is not high. This study takes the thick layer of the coarse-clastic rock reservoir developed in the western slope of the Badaowan Formation in the Mahu Depression of the Junggar Basin as an example. Through core observation, microscopic characteristics, and analysis of laboratory data, a new quantitative characterization parameter of heterogeneity is proposed, and a reservoir interpretation parameter model is established. The results were as follows. (1) The pore development of the thick, coarse-grained clastic rock reservoir is complicated, the sorting and pore structure are poor, the reservoir heterogeneity is strong, and the permeability has double peaks. (2) We propose a new parameter to evaluate reservoir heterogeneity: the fluctuation a coefficient. This essentially compares the average permeability of two adjacent layer sites with the average permeability. The fluctuation coefficient can reflect the fluctuations in permeability, and the larger the fluctuation coefficient, the stronger the heterogeneity. In addition, it has the advantages of a clear characterization target, bounded calculation data, and the same characterization angle, etc., thereby realizing the quantitative characterization of the macro degree of reservoir heterogeneity under a unified standard. (3) This parameter was used to evaluate the reservoir heterogeneity of the Badaowan Formation in the western slope of the Mahu Depression. Most wells in the study area had a fluctuation coefficient of about 0.3, but others ranged between 0.2 and 0.6. It is concluded that the larger the fluctuation coefficient of the study area, the better the oil content because these types of reservoirs have strong heterogeneity. The fluctuation coefficient can effectively reflect the strength of the heterogeneity and can also provide a reference for further reservoir enrichment research.
New Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Sample Preparation Procedure for the Fast Determination of Total Sn in Canned Tomatoes by HG-ICP OES
Authors: Welna Maja , Szymczycha-Madeja Anna , Pohl Pawel
Published: August 2023

An analytical method with no need for laborious sample preparation before determining the total Sn in canned tomatoes by hydride generation (HG) coupled to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was developed. The ultrasound-assisted extraction with various reagents (acidic media: HCl, HNO3, CH3COOH or aqua regia and alkaline: TMAH) that could replace the traditional wet sample digestion in the presence of a concentrated HNO3-H2O2 mixture was tested and compared. Tin hydride was generated directly from the prepared sample solution in the reaction with 1% NaBH4 or via prior acidification with a 1 mol L−1 HCl. The effect of the sample pretreatment before HG-ICP OES measurements on the Sn signal was also examined. The best results were obtained with aqua regia as the extraction medium, followed by a simple two-fold dilution of the sample extract combined with the addition of L-cysteine. The developed method was characterized by a detection limit of Sn at 0.74 ng g−1, a precision of better than 6%, and a trueness, verified by the analyte spike-and-recovery test, of 98.4–104%. Its usefulness was demonstrated by the determination of Sn in seven canned tomatoes.
Confucian Cosmopolitanism: The Modern Predicament and the Way Forward
Authors: Wu Ruihan
Published: August 2023

In the Chinese-speaking academic community, the topic of Confucian cosmopolitanism is intricately linked to the concepts of “Tianxia” and “Datong”, carrying significant political implications. This context arises from the tension between the Confucian vision of a borderless world order and the reality of the bounded nation-state system since the late 19th century. This modern situation constitutes the dual predicaments for Confucian cosmopolitanism: the contradiction between the logic of Datong and the logic of national empowerment, as well as the conflict between the specific Confucian identity and the universal concern for the world. Represented by notable figures like Liang Qichao, modern scholars have devoted themselves to resolving these predicaments. On one hand, Liang, in contrast to his teacher Kang Youwei, emphasized the coexistence of the global ideal and the nation-state system. He proposed the concept of a ‘cosmopolitan nation,’ which not only considers nationalism as a stepping stone toward cosmopolitanism but also views the nation as an organizational form with the world as its ultimate purpose. This response addresses the first predicament. On the other hand, Liang redirected the focus of cosmopolitanism to the individual, establishing a connection with the core Confucian value of Ren. He interpreted the ideal of Datong as the awakening and refinement of each individual’s kinship consciousness, thereby mitigating the constraints imposed by Confucian identity and the national narrative on the discourse of cosmopolitanism. This tackles the second predicament. Reflecting on these modern predicaments not only sheds light on the political reasons underlying Confucian cosmopolitanism but also reveals its broader dimension as a universal ethical concern.
A Combined Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach for Improvement of Airlines’ Ground Operations Performance: A Case Study from Türkiye
Authors: Kulakli Atik , Şahin Yıldız
Published: August 2023

The airline sector is critical in today’s globalized society, supporting the efficient movement of people and products worldwide. Airlines continuously seek methods to enhance their operational performance to remain competitive in the face of increased competition. This study focuses on the application of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques to improve the ground operational performance of low-cost carriers (LCCs), also known as low-cost (budget) airlines. In recent years, MCDM techniques have gained considerable attention in addressing complex decision problems with complex goals. This research aims to bridge this gap by proposing a comprehensive framework combining MCDM techniques to enhance airline operational strategies and increase performance. The study utilizes qualitative and quantitative data, drawing on previously published materials on MCDM techniques in the aviation sector. It utilizes a fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodologies. A case study is conducted to evaluate the ground operational performance of three airline companies based in Türkiye, considering five main criteria and eighteen sub-criteria. The findings of this research will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of operational performance in the airline sector. The study’s findings show that five primary criteria’s estimated weights are examined; it is seen that “Flight Schedule and Routes (FSR)” has the highest importance weight of 0.30. With a weight value of 0.26, “Counter Services (CS)” has the second most significant impact. “Ticketing (T)”, which ranks third in terms of its impact on the solution, has a weight value of 0.19. Upon reviewing the analysis’s findings, it can be seen that the third alternative is relatively prominent among the others. Airline_3 ranked first with a weight value of 0.361, while Airline_2 ranked second with a weight value of 0.331. Airline_1 ranked last with an actual weight of 0.308. The study provides highlights of the implications and limitations of the research and suggests future research directions.
Official Statistics and Big Data Processing with Artificial Intelligence: Capacity Indicators for Public Sector Organizations
Authors: Abbas Syed Wasim , Hamid Muhammad , Alkanhel Reem , Abdallah Hanaa A.
Published: August 2023

Efficient monitoring and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has increased the need for a variety of data and statistics. The massive increase in data gathering through social networks, traditional business systems, and Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensor devices raises real questions regarding the capacity of national statistical systems (NSS) for utilizing big data sources. Further, in this current era, big data is captured through sensor-based systems in public sector organizations. To gauge the capacity of public sector institutions in this regard, this work provides an indicator to monitor the processing capacity of the public sector organizations within the country (Pakistan). Some of the indicators related to measuring the capacity of the NSS were captured through a census-based survey. At the same time, convex logistic principal component analysis was used to develop scores and relative capacity indicators. The findings show that most organizations hesitate to disseminate data due to concerns about data privacy and that public sector organizations’ IT personnel are unable to deal with big data sources to generate official statistics. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be used to overcome these challenges, such as automating data processing, improving data privacy and security, and enhancing the capabilities of IT human resources. This research helps to design capacity-building initiatives for public sector organizations in weak dimensions, focusing on leveraging AI to enhance the production of quality and reliable statistics.
A Green Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Model for Multiple AGVs Considering Carbon Footprint
Authors: Zhou Xinxin , Wang Fuyu , Shen Nannan , Zheng Weichen
Published: August 2023

Green and low carbon automated production has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the AGV transport resource constraint, machine layout and job setup time have been integrated into the background of a flexible job shop. From a whole life-cycle perspective, the AGV allocation strategy has been formulated by simulating multiple scenarios within the production system. Aimed at makespan, carbon footprint, and machine load, a green low-carbon flexible job shop scheduling model with multiple transport equipment (GFJSP-MT) has been constructed. To address this problem, a relevant case dataset was formed, and a heuristic strategy NSGA-II using a real number encoded embedded cycle to replace repeated individuals was proposed. Through longitudinal and horizontal comparisons, the effectiveness of the AGV allocation strategy has been verified and the optimum number of AGVs in the case determined. Finally the quality and diversity of the Pareto frontier solutions are compared and the scheduling scheme for each sub-objective are discussed. The results show that the model and algorithm constructed in this paper can effectively achieve the optimal scheduling of green flexible shop production.