bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuff pressure training competence of nurses working in intensive care units
Authors: ERASLAN DOĞANAY Güler , KILINÇ Mukaddes , CIRIK Mustafa Özgür , YURTSEVEN Gulsah , BİLGİN Ebru , ARSLANOGLU Esra , ALAGÖZ Ali
Published: September 2022

Aim: The convenient cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube, fixes the tube in the correct position , provides sufficient ventilation, and prevents complications.
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the adequacy of the training and experience of nurses working in the intensive care units on cuff care in patients with intubation and tracheostomy.
Material and Methods: Fifty nurses working in intensive care units in chest diseases hospital agreed to participate in the study. The 10-question questionnaire was asked face-to-face to the participating nurses and their answers were recorded.
Results: Twenty three nurses (46%) surveyed had more than 5 years of intensive care experience. Thirty five nurses (70%) had bachelor's degree.
To the question of ‘what is the cuff function?’, 72% of the nurses who participated in the survey answered as fixing the tube, 64% as preventing air leakage, and 44% as protecting the lungs from gastric secretions.
According to intensive care unit working time, the rate of training on cuff pressure is statistically significantly higher in people who have worked for 5 years or more than those who have worked for less than 5 years.
In terms of all questions, there is no statistically significant difference according to education level.
Conclusion: The nurses working in our intensive care unit had lack of knowledge and lack of training about cuff pressure monitoring and cuff exercises. Nurses working in intensive care units should be given in-service training on cuff pressure and cuff exercises.
O Direito e a economia das desapropriações: as contribuições da economia comportamental e da teoria dos prospectos para a definição do valor da justa compensação
Authors: Porto Antonio José Maristrello , Fernando de Mello Franco Paulo , Cardoso Araújo Thiago
Published: September 2022

A desapropriação, de caráter supressivo, é a mais drástica das formas de intervenção do Estado na propriedade privada e, como contrapartida, pressupõe, necessariamente, o pagamento de uma indenização justa e prévia. Não é difícil entender o que é uma indenização prévia, mas não é nada fácil compreender o que é uma indenização justa. O artigo se propõe a aprofundar o debate acerca da justa compensação, invocando, para tanto, a Análise Econômica do Direito e a economia das desapropriações como pano de fundo. Em um cenário de altos custos de transação, como é o caso, em geral, das desapropriações, a indenização é o remédio jurídico adequado para alocar os direitos jurídicos e econômicos de propriedade. Contudo, essa alocação só é verdadeiramente eficiente quando há uma compensação justa.
UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE CARTOGRAFIA SOCIAL
Authors: Ferracini Rosemberg , Nunes Jeovane Gomes
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo almeja relatar a importância da construção coletiva de mapas e maquetes, como forma de empoderamento de informação a respeito do território de comunidades tradicionais ou povos originários. Fato que esses povos são esquecidos pelo estado, o que acaba por terem seus direitos essenciais negados e suas terras invadidas. Como forma de aprendizado nosso estágio possibilitou na construção de elementos espaciais para fortalecimento em suas terras. Aprendemos e demonstraremos a importância do significado da terra e sua importância para os Apinajés. Por tanto, em termos gerais, objetiva-se demonstrar a cartografia social no povo indígena Apinajé do estado do Tocantins. Assim, podemos provar o sentido que o mapeamento serve para a garantia, permanência, posse, manejo do uso do território e fortalecimento da cultura.
Relevansi Hukum Adat Kei Larvul Ngabal Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Nasional
Authors: Rado Rudini Hasyim , Alputila Marlyn Jane
Published: September 2022

This research focuses on exploring and elevating the values of Kei Larvul Ngabal indigenous law in criminal law reform, by proposing 2 (two) problem formulations. First, how is the existence of Larvul Ngabal indigenous law in the Kei community? Second, how is the relevance of the Kei indigenous criminal law in the reform of the national criminal law? The research method used is normative juridical by reviewing written and unwritten criminal laws and regulations. While the data analysis is inductive and qualitative. It is concluded that the indigenous law of Larvul Ngabal and Sasa Sor Fit is an indigenous criminal law that is agreed upon and is binding on the community, hence if it is violated, it is subject to indigenous sanctions in the form of fines, dada, and gong. Included in the drafting of the Criminal Code without reducing the nature of the material legality principle, if there are several customary laws of Larvul Ngabal including maryain vo ivun (sexual intercourse outside of marriage resulting in pregnancy) it can be reconsidered to contribute to the ius constituendum of future criminal law.
A Novel Design Method of Deployable Semi-Regular Tessellated Surfaces with Plano-Spherical Units
Authors: Maral Mesude Oraj , Korkmaz Koray , Kiper Gökhan
Published: September 2022

The design of movable systems gives an opportunity to create transformable designs which respond to the environmental, functional, cultural, and aesthetical needs of today's architecture. This paper proposes a method for designing a family of deployable structures which can be applied
to semi-regular tessellated planar surfaces such as roofs, walls, and shading devices. The generated modular approach and adaptability provides a wide usage area and various combinations for these designs. The regular convex polygon modules are designed as a network of the triangular units.
The triangular unit is designed using Bennett's overconstrained plano-spherical linkage topology. The polygonal modules are assembled to each other in one-uniform semi-regular tessellations. The assembly of adjacent regular convex polygons in each tessellation is examined to find a proper
solution for no collision during deployment and to properly fit a surface without any gaps or overlaps in the deployed position. The assembly method for creating 1-DoF deployable surfaces and mobility calculations for a unit, the polygonal modules, and the assemblies are computed, and motion
studies are demonstrated with CAD models and exemplified for a square module for motion tests in a prototype.
Direct Anterior Approach in Hip Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fractures: Do Short-Term Outcomes Differ with Approach?
Authors: Khan Irfan A. , Magnuson Justin A. , Arshi Armin , Krueger Chad A. , Freedman Kevin B. , Fillingham Yale A.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Hip hemiarthroplasty (HA) is commonly used to treat femoral neck fractures, but it remains unclear if the surgical approach impacts patient outcomes for this commonly performed procedure. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing HA for femoral neck fracture with the direct anterior approach (DAA) compared with other approaches.

Methods:

The Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials, prospective nonrandomized trials, and retrospective studies published prior to September 7, 2021, comparing DAA with other approaches (anterolateral approach [ALA], direct lateral approach [DLA], and posterior-based approach [PA]) in HA for femoral neck fractures. This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Outcomes included functional outcomes, total complications, prosthetic dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), reoperation, mortality, pain, operative time, and perioperative blood loss. Fixed effect odds ratios, along with their 95% confidence intervals, were used to analyze dichotomous variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Meta-analysis was conducted with Review Manager 5.4.

Results:

In total, 19 studies were included for qualitative analysis and 16 studies were included for quantitative analysis, with a total of 1,604 cases analyzed (723 DAA, 215 ALA, 301 DLA, and 365 PA). Compared with other approaches, the use of the DAA for HA was associated with improved early postoperative functional outcomes, lower early postoperative pain scores, fewer total complications, and fewer prosthetic hip dislocations. The rates of periprosthetic fracture, PJI, and reoperation, pain scores beyond 40 days, operative time, perioperative blood loss, and mortality were not significantly different between surgical approaches.

Conclusions:

Utilizing the DAA while performing HA for femoral neck fractures is associated with improved functional outcomes, lower early postoperative pain scores, lower incidence of prosthetic hip dislocation, and potentially fewer total complications.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Bow-Side Kinematics Studies in Violinists: An Experimental Design Tracking Intra- and Inter-Musician Variability by Bow Stroke, String Played, and Tempo
Authors: Michaud Benjamin , Begon Mickaël , Duprey Sonia
Published: September 2022

Comparison of bow-side kinematics in violinists is hindered by the scarcity of studies available. This makes meta-analysis impossible. This paper assesses the effect of music-based variables (bow stroke, tempo, and string played) on intra- and inter-participant variability in joint
kinematics. The joint kinematics of nine high-level violinists were acquired via a motion capture system while they played a standardized piece of music involving contrasting bow strokes and strings at different tempi. Results were compared using linear mixed models using the root mean square
(RMS) for each joint. We found highly individualized patterns of play, deduced from a low intra- but high inter-musician variability (4.2° vs 13.1° of normalized RMS) in joint kinematics. String played and bow stroke had the greatest effect on joint kinematics. The string played had
the greatest impact on shoulder kinematics, and the bow stroke had the greatest impact on elbow and wrist kinematics. Based on these results, we propose guidelines for future research designed to study bow kinematics in the field of biomechanics of violin movements. For ease of comparison
between studies and to limit the time and resources required, our main suggestions are to use repeated measures designs with a legato reference condition and to choose pieces of music spanning multiple strings.
Musicians Focal Dystonia: The Practitioner’s Perspective on Psychological, Psychosocial, and Behavioural Risk Factors and Non-motor Symptoms
Authors: Détári Anna , Egermann Hauke
Published: September 2022

Musician’s focal dystonia (MFD) is a painless, task-specific neurological movement disorder that impairs fine motor control when playing an instrument. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, and while the available treatment strategies can help with improving motor control,
they are rarely able to fully and reliably rehabilitate playing skills. Recent studies suggest that apart from genetic factors, maladaptive neuroplasticity, and the repetitive nature of the instrumental technique, psychosocial, psychological, and behavioural factors might also play a role
in the onset of MFD. However, the presence of some of these risk factors is supported primarily by anecdotal evidence, with only a few aspects examined empirically. To explore this area further, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of practitioners (8 medical
professionals and 6 musician-coaches) who frequently treated MFD sufferers. Throughout their career, these participants are estimated to have interacted with more than 2,000 musicians with MFD, creating a large, indirect sample. A detailed patient profile emerged from the data with three main
components: 1) the negative impact of social environments, including traumatic experiences and low quality of instrumental teaching; 2) a perfectionist, anxious, overly sensitive, and acquiescent personality type; and 3) obsessive, controlling, and inadequate practice behaviours. Participants
stated MFD needs to be treated holistically and that neglecting these aspects during treatment could jeopardise rehabilitation. Further objective, controlled research trials are needed to describe these factors in detail, quantify their potential impact as risk factors, and understand how
they might hinder therapy.
Long-term outcome and factors associated with restenosis after combination therapy of balloon angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic intracranial stenosis
Authors: Ueda Toshihiro , Takaishi Satoshi , Yoshie Tomohide , Usuki Noriko , Tatsuno Kentaro , Ohtsubo Haruki , Araga Takashi , Kaga Yasuyuki , Takada Tatsuro
Published: September 2022

Background The optimal treatment for intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) has not been established. We retrospectively examined the initial and long-term outcomes associated with restenosis of a combination therapy of balloon angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic atherosclerotic ICAS.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent balloon angioplasty and/or stenting for ≥ 70% ICAS between 2006 and 2020 were analyzed. Patients within 48 hours of stroke onset were excluded. The following procedures were established as standards at our institution: (1) primary balloon angioplasty alone was initially performed; (2) stenting for insufficient dilatation, recoiling, or dissection was conducted; and (3) stenting was considered for restenosis. Intracranial ischemic and hemorrhagic complications within 30 days after treatment were used to evaluate periprocedural safety. Recurrent ischemic events, restenosis and restenosis related factors were used to be evaluate the long-term outcome.ResultsA total of 160 patients were recruited. Initial treatment consisted of balloon angioplasty (n = 101) and stenting (n = 59). Intracranial complications within 30 days after treatment were ischemic in five (3.1%) and hemorrhagic in four patients (2.5%). The incidence of these complication was 3.1% in the stenting group and 2.5% in the balloon angioplasty group. The mean follow-up period was 53.9 months. Restenosis was found in 42 patients (26%). Recurrent ischemic events during follow-up were noted in 14 patients (8.8%), of which six patients had TIA and eight patients had ischemic stroke. Restenosis-associated factors included diabetes, coronary artery disease, percent stenosis after treatment, and balloon angioplasty in logistic univariate analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that diabetes (HR: 2.084, CI: 1.039-4.180, p = 0.0386), length of lesion (HR; 1.358, CI: 1.174-1.571, p < 0.0001), and balloon angioplasty (HR: 4.194, CI: 1.083-16.239, p = 0.0379) were independent predictors for restenosis. ConclusionCombination therapy of balloon angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic ICAS had a low perioperative stroke rate and may improve long-term outcome. Balloon angioplasty, diabetes, and length of lesion were significantly associated with restenosis.
Analysis of Risk Factors of Death among Breast Cancer Patients in Ethiopia: Parametric shared frailty model
Authors: Yismaw Dessie , Desyebelew Belay
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer next to cervical cancer in both developed and developing countries with high risk in developed countries and low risk in developing countries. The main objective of the study is to investigate the risk factors, median survival time, compare the survival curves, compare the performance of AFT and parametric frailty models in modeling survival time of breast cancer patients. A retrospective study was employed on 392 breast cancer patients registered from 2013-2018 in University of Gondar and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospitals in northwest of Ethiopia. The median survival time of breast cancer patients who live in the urban and rural areas are 34 and 35 months, respectively. The family history of breast cancer has 0.643 times shortened survival time than no family history of breast cancer. The frailty of University of Gondar and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospitals were 0.536 (µ < 1) and 1.465 (µ > 1), respectively. The study employed multivariable lognormal-gamma shared frailty model and the results of the model revealed that age, weight, place of residence, tumor size, stage, number of estrogens, status of estrogen receptors, number of progesterone and family history of breast cancer are statistically significant factors which affect the survival time of breast cancer patients.
Effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine on DNA Methylation within Female Mouse Reproductive Tissues
Authors: Colwell Mathia , Flack Nicole , Medida Ramya Lekha , Drown Chelsea , Faulk Christopher , Mauro Laura
Published: September 2022

5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine), is a chemotherapeutic DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor widely used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemias. Decitabine’s anti-neoplastic activity is thought to result from inhibition of DNMTs leading to passive demethylation of 5’methylcytosines (5mC) in rapidly dividing tissues, resulting in cell death. However, we previously reported paradoxical effects on DNA methylation by decitabine in somatic tissues. Given the potential for lasting damage to DNA methylation in reproductive tissues from even short courses of decitabine in reproductive age humans, we chose to characterize its long-term effects here. Mice were treated with two clinically relevant doses of decitabine (0.15 mg/kg, 0.35 mg/kg) for 7 weeks and DNA methylation was assessed within female reproductive tract tissues. We found methylated cytosines within the ovary to be the least sensitive to decitabine exposure at both doses, whereas the uterus and the oviduct exhibited higher 5mC dysregulation, surprisingly biased towards hypermethylation at the 0.35 mg/kg dose. We identified the sites of differential methylation; revealing specific genes and pathways involved in cell differentiation, development, communication, and cell signaling that were universally altered in all tissues. In addition to our differential methylation data, we identified dysregulated transcription and pathways using RNAseq analyses. Overall, our findings show decitabine exposure causes an epigenetic insult to DNA methylation within female reproductive tissues. Our data provides evidence that further evaluation is needed to fully establish the long-term phenotypic effects post-decitabine exposure.
Industrial policy and labour productivity growth in Africa: Does the Technology Choice matter?
Authors: SIE Kouakou Jean Fidele
Published: September 2022

The persistent gaps in African sectoral labour productivity and the disappointing growth in the manufacturing and service sectors have revived interest among academics and policymakers. In search of ways to boost labour productivity, this study explores how the technology choice as a proxy for industrial policy can affect labour productivity growth. First, I identify the different sources of growth with the decomposition method of shift-share analysis and a recent dataset from 1960 to 2017 of nine sectors. Then I investigate the impact of comparative advantage development strategy on growth components (within effects and structural effects). The shift and share decomposition analysis results suggest a changing role of growth components. While the structural change effect is driven by the "static gains" still plays an important role, the within effect has been more prevalent during the MDGs and SDGs period. The empirical results indicate that defying comparative advantage hinders the within effect component mitigated by a weak and positive dynamic effect component. The evidence emphasises the design of industrial development based on the comparative advantage in SSA, complemented with policies and strategies aiming at increasing labour productivity in the agriculture sector due to its large employment share.
Differences in Negative Affect Among Current and Former Smokers with and without a Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Pebley Kinsey , Krukowski Rebecca A , Murphy James G
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Smoking poses significant health risks for individuals diagnosed with cancer. However, trials aimed at increasing smoking cessation among individuals with cancer have largely been unsuccessful and cessation rates remain low. Mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, and stress interfere with successful smoking cessation in the general population, but it remains unclear if this is true among those with cancer. The current study assessed differences between current and former smokers with and without cancer to determine if there are differences in depression, anxiety, and stress that may need to be targeted in future cessation interventions among cancer patients. Methods: Participants (N = 203) completed an online survey about demographic characteristics, cigarette use, depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: Current smokers with cancer had higher depression (B = 2.66, SE = 1.29, p = .04), anxiety (B = 7.02, SE = 2.83, p = .01), perceived stress (B = 4.34, SE = 1.77, p = .01), and cancer-related stress (B = 12.25, SE = 4.71, p = .01) scores compared to former smokers with cancer. Current smokers with cancer had higher anxiety scores (B = 6.28, SE = 2.70, p = .02) than current smokers without cancer. Conclusions: The current study may help to inform future cancer-specific cessation intervention development to improve cessation rates and health outcomes.Implications for Cancer Survivors: Better understanding how negative affect may impact smoking cessation among those with cancer may impact length and quality of life, and addressing these issues may improve overall outcomes among survivors.
Dynamic features of non-return mechanism in hatch door of amphibious aircraft
Authors: Wang Yanzhong , Dou Delong , Zhang Zhen
Published: September 2022

Non-return mechanism is the key device that plays the role of braking in the opening and closing electric actuator of amphibious aircraft hatch door, in which there are two core components, namely ball-and-socket contact pair and multi-disc friction pair. The braking response characteristics of non-return mechanism directly determine the performance and operation safety of the hatch door. In this paper, the dynamic model of non-return mechanism is established considering the freedom of rotation-translation. Based on MATLAB/Simulink, the solution framework of the overall dynamic model is built. The dynamic response characteristics of non-return mechanism in the process of reverse load braking, forward load braking and continuous closing are analyzed. The braking time and the angular displacement of the output shaft in the braking phase have been presented. The simulation demonstrates that three pairs of friction pairs can realize effective braking under the given working conditions. Compared with the forward load braking, the reverse load braking has longer braking time and smaller angular displacement of the output shaft. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of non-return mechanism.
Measuring appearance-related comparisons: Validation of the Comparison Standards Scale for Appearance
Authors: Morina Nexhmedin , McCarthy Peter , Meyer Thomas , Schlechter Pascal
Published: September 2022

Background Humans constantly compare their attributes to different reference frames. According to the theoretical framework of the general comparative-processing model, such comparisons may be perceived as aversive (i.e., appraised as threatening the motives of the comparer) or appetitive (i.e., appraised as consonant with, or positively challenging the motives). However, we lack a measure that adequately captures multi-standard comparisons. Methods Considering appearance-related comparisons as a relevant comparison domain, we introduce the Comparison Standards Scale for Appearance (CSS-A) that assesses appearance-related social, temporal, counterfactual, criteria-based, and dimensional upward and downward comparisons regarding their a) frequency, b) perceived discrepancy, and c) engendered affect. We administered the CSS-A to 1121 participants, along with measures of appearance social comparison, body satisfaction, physical self-concept, self-esteem, well-being, and depression.Results A two-factor model (aversive and appetitive comparisons) fit the data better than a bifactor model with an additional general domain-factor (comparative thinking). The validity of the CSS-A was supported by correlations with external validators beyond appearance, social comparison, and body satisfaction. Aversive comparisons displayed higher associations with most outcomes than appetitive comparisons. Conclusions Overall, the CSS-A offers a psychometrically sound and useful measure of multi-standard comparisons.
Endovascular Managent of Supra and Infra Tentorial Pediatric Intracranial Aneurysms: A Single Center Experience
Authors: PURKAYASTHA SUKALYAN , NATH ABIR LAL , MOHAMMAD ABDULLAH AL MUZAHID , PELLURU PAVANKUMAR
Published: September 2022

Intracranial aneurysms are rare in pediatric population. They have different pathophysiology, location, type, outcome than adults. Long life expectancy, denovo occurrence and their tendency to recur necessitate the long term follow up in these cases. Here we summarize our experience in treating these aneurysms in a tertiary care hospital from 2014 to 2021. We found 4% of our total aneurysm population to be under 18 years with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. 13.3% patients had multiple aneurysms and 38.9% had posterior circulation aneurysms. Most common site of aneurysm was ICA bifurcation. Most of the patients were treated endovascularly with favorable outcome at follow up.
Global research trends in petrochemical wastewater treatment from 2000 to 2021
Authors: Kalantari Mahdi , Moghaddam Shabnam Sadri , Vafaei Fereidon
Published: September 2022

Petrochemical wastewater (PWW) is a huge industrial contaminant that generates a wide range of resistive and poisonous organic pollutants that harm animals and plants in natural water bodies when discharged untreated or partially treated. Therefore, it is vital to develop technologies that are simple, efficient, and profitable for the treatment of oily wastewater. Although, much study has been undertaken on the treatment of PWW, there hasn't been any recent work on bibliometrics analysis of global research trends on this issue. A bibliometric analysis will help current and future researchers figure out where the gaps are and how to fill them. The present study's focus is to examine the characteristics and trends of research on oily wastewater treatment with an emphasis on the treatment of PWW. This research was performed on five important aspects, including characterization of research publications; countries' performances and collaborations; an analysis of the best papers with the most citations; keyword analysis (including frequency distribution of the keyword analysis; the transformation of the keyword combination across time; and exploration of changes in rank over time); and journal analysis, according to the 2457 papers in the Science Citation Index Expanded using the Web of Science (WoS) database from 2000 to 2021. For further analysis, the contingency matrix, bump diagram, and inter-temporal network stream were employed.
A Beta-containing bivalent SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine candidate with AS03 elicits durable and broad neutralization of variants including Omicron in macaques and confers protection in hamsters
Authors: Berry Catherine , Pavot Vincent , Anosova Natalie , Kishko Michael , Huang Dean , Tibbitts Tim , Raillard Alice , Gautheron Sylviane , Cummings Sheila , Bangari Dinesh , Kar Swagata , Atyeo Caroline , Deng Yixiang , Alter Galit , Gutzeit Cindy , Koutsoukos Marguerite , Chicz Roman , Lecouturier Valerie
Published: September 2022

Background Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOC) have emerged for which there is evidence of an increase in transmissibility, more severe disease, and/or reduced vaccine effectiveness. Effective COVID-19 vaccine strategies are required to achieve broad protective immunity against current and future VOC.Methods We conducted immunogenicity and challenge studies in macaques and hamsters using a bivalent recombinant vaccine formulation containing the SARS-CoV-2 prefusion-stabilized Spike trimers of the parental D614 and the Beta (B.1.351) strains with AS03 adjuvant (CoV2 preS dTM-AS03) in a primary immunization setting. Results We show that a primary immunization with the bivalent CoV2 preS dTM-AS03 elicits broader and durable neutralizing antibody responses against VOC including Omicron BA.1, and SARS-CoV-1 as compared to the parental D614 or Beta variant monovalent vaccines in naïve non-human primates. In addition, the bivalent formulation confers protection against viral challenge with SARS-CoV-2 parental D614G strain as well as Alpha and Beta variant strains in hamsters. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the potential of a Beta-containing bivalent CoV2 preS dTM-AS03 formulation to provide broad and stable immunogenicity, as well as protection against VOC in naïve populations.
Assessing the size and uncertainty of remaining carbon budgets
Authors: Lamboll Robin , Nicholls Zebedee , Smith Christopher , Kikstra Jarmo , Byers Edward , Rogelj Joeri
Published: September 2022

The remaining carbon budget (RCB), the net amount of carbon dioxide humans can still emit without exceeding a chosen global warming limit, is often used to evaluate political action against the goals of the Paris Agreement. RCB estimates for 1.5C are small, and minor changes in their calculation can therefore result in large relative shifts. Here we evaluate recent RCB assessments by the IPCC and explain differences between them. We present calculation refinements together with robustness checks that increase confidence in RCB estimates. We conclude that the RCB for a 50% chance of keeping warming to 1.5C is around 300 GtCO2 as of January 2022, less than 8 years of current emissions. This estimate changes to 530 and 110 GtCO2 for a 33% and 66% chance, respectively. Key uncertainties affecting RCB estimates are the contribution of non-CO2 emissions, which depends on socioeconomic projections as much as on geophysical uncertainty, and the potential warming after net zero is reached.
Design of a High Efficiency Cross-Domain Medical Image Retrieval System Using Augmented Transfer Learning
Authors: Ahmed Syed Tanzeem , Zuber Mohd , Aamer Najmuddin
Published: September 2022

Retrieving Medical Images from a large inter-domain dataset requires multiple high efficiency processing models. These models include, but are not limited to, image classification, domain specific feature extraction & selection, ranking and post processing. A wide variety of system models have been designed to perform these tasks, but have limited accuracy, and retrieval performance due to improper cross-domain feature processing. In order to improve performance of cross-domain medical image retrieval systems, this text proposes a transfer learning mechanism, that learns from features of one domain, and applies the trained models to other domains. The proposed method uses a combination of VGGNet19, AlexNet, InceptionNet and Xception Net models for ensemble learning, along with wavelet and bag of features (WBoF) for efficient feature extraction. Each of the individual models were applied to different medical domains, and their retrieval accuracies were evaluated. Based on this evaluation, it is observed that VGGNet19 has better performance on Computer Tomography (CT) images, AlexNet model has better performance on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images, InceptionNet model has better performance on Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images, while Xception Net has better retrieval performance for ultrasound (USG) images. Using this observation, a highly efficient augmentation model is designed, which achieves an accuracy of 98.06%, precision of 65.9%, recall of 76.1%, and area under the curve (AUC) performance of 98.9% on different datasets. This performance is compared with a wide variety of medical image datasets including Center for Invivo Microscopy (CIVM), Embrionic and Neonatal Mouse (H&E, MR), LONI image data archive, The Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS), & CT scans for Colon Cancer (CSCC). It was observed that the proposed model outperforms most of the recent state-of-the-art models, and achieves consistent parametric results across multiple domain medical images.Categories: H.3.1, H.3.2, H.3.3, H.3.7, H.5.1
4.5SH RNA counteracts deleterious exonization of SINE B1 in mice
Authors: Nakagawa Shinichi , Yoshimoto Rei , Nakayama Yuta , Yamamoto Ikuko , Tanaka Shigeyuki , Kurihara Misuzu , Suzuki Yu , Kobayashi Takehiko , Kozuka-Hata Hiroko , Oyama Masaaki , Mito Mari , Iwasaki Shintaro , Yamazaki Tomohiro , Hirose Tetsuro , Araki Kimi
Published: September 2022

A huge number of noncoding RNAs are transcribed from the genomes of higher eukaryotes, many of which are species-specific and localize in the nucleus with unknown function. 4.5SH RNA is a highly abundant, small rodent-specific noncoding RNA that localizes to nuclear speckles enriched in pre-mRNA splicing regulators. Here we show that mutant mice lacking the expression of 4.5SH RNA are embryonic lethal, suggesting that 4.5SH is an essential species-specific gene in mice. RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that 4.5SH RNA protects transcriptome from abnormal exonizations of the antisense insertions of retrotransposon SINE B1 (asB1), which would otherwise introduce deleterious premature stop codons or frameshift mutations. Mechanistically, 4.5SH RNA base-pairs with complementary asB1-containing exons and recruits effector proteins via its 5' stem loop. The modular organization of 4.5SH RNA enables us to engineer a programmable splicing regulator to induce the skipping of target exon of interest.
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship and Molecular Docking Studies on A Series of Thiourea and Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid Analogues as Potent Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Abha Abha Shrivastava , Manish Manish Rao Ambedkar , Basheerulla Basheerulla Shaik , Vijay Vijay k Agrawal
Published: September 2022

Neuraminidase inhibitors are a type of medication that inhibits the neuraminidase enzyme. They are type of antiviral medication that is often used to treat influenza. In this paper we have taken 53 Compounds which are derivatives of Thiourea and Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic acid derivatives. We modelled the pIC50 activity using RDF115p, E2s, R1i Parameters. The excellent value of r2 = 0.725 Shows that following model is best suitable. We also Performed docking study and the best docking score is -28.1891, and the best predicted activity is 8.36.
High incidence of acetabular retroversion in gluteal muscle contracture patients based on X-ray film
Authors: Zhao Yikun , Dong Xueping , Zhang Mengdi , Zhao Zhen , Zhang Xintao
Published: September 2022

Objective
In the clinic, gluteus muscle contracture (GMC) is found to cause pelvic structural changes, including acetabular retroversion (AR). However, its incidence has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of GMC patients to identify the prevalence of AR.
Methods
The imaging characteristics of anteroposterior pelvic radiographs on 100 cases of GMC and 100 healthy people were analyzed. GMC was diagnosed by ‘iliac hyperdense line’(IHDL), while ‘prominence of the ischial spine’ (PRIS) or cross-over sign’ (COS) were used to define AR.
Results
‘iliac hyperdense line’ was only observed in GMC patients (92%). There were 80 cases that showed PRIS in the GMC group, but only 19 in the control group. Similarly, the incidence of COS was 76% in patients and 5% in normal people. All the differences between the two groups of these indicators were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a statistical correlation was confirmed between PRIS and COS when they were positive in GMC patients.
Conclusion
AR showed a high incidence in patients with GMC based on PRIS and COS.
Relationship between myocardial microcirculation perfusion and myocardial mechanics in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at rest
Authors: Nan Jing , Guan Lina , Yuan Chao , Ba Ya , Mu Yuming
Published: September 2022

Objective
To quantitatively analyze myocardial microcirculation perfusion in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, evaluate myocardial mechanics characteristics in nonobstructive HCM and explore the relationship between microcirculation perfusion and myocardial mechanics in nonobstructive HCM patients.
Methods
Twenty-eight healthy volunteers and twenty-eight nonobstructive HCM patients were recruited as the case group. All subjects underwent two-dimensional echocardiography, contrast-enhanced myocardial ultrasound (MCE), and two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI).The nonobstructive HCM patients were divided into a hypertrophic segmental myocardium (HS) group and a nonhypertrophic segmental myocardium (NHS) group according to the degree of myocardial hypertrophy.
Results
(1) There were no statistically significant differences in age, height, weight, body surface area, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or heart rate between the nonobstructive HCM and control groups (P > 0.05). Myocardial thickness (MT), tricuspid regurgitation (TR), E/e', the left atrial volume (LAV) and the left atrial volume index (LAVI) increased in the nonobstructive HCM group, while stroke volume (SV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and E/A decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with those in the control group, peak intensity (PI) and area under the curve (AUC) in the nonobstructive HCM group decreased, s-RS, s-PI, s-TTP and s-AUC in the HS group decreased, and s-PI and s-AUC in the NHS group decreased. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) The nonobstructive HCM group showed a significant decrease in GLS compared with the control group (P < 0.05), although the change in GCS was not significant (P > 0.05), and GLS and GCS were not significantly different between the HS and NHS groups (P > 0.05). (4) In the HS group, PI, AUC, s-PI, s-AUC and GLS were positively correlated, s-TTP was negatively correlated with GLS and GCS (P < 0.05), and RS and s-RS had no correlation with GLS and GCS.
Conclusion
In nonobstructive HCM patients, myocardial microcirculation perfusion and longitudinal strain of the myocardium were impaired in both hypertrophic and nonhypertrophic segmental myocardium. Hypertrophic myocardial segments in nonobstructive HCM patients have more significant damage and close correlations with changes in myocardial mechanics.
Simultaneous Multislice Acquisition for Accelerated Readout-segmented DTI in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Yin Cuilin , Ran Jun , Xie Ruyi , Morelli John N , Li Yitong , Hou Bowen , Wu Gang , Xiaoming Li
Published: September 2022

Simultaneous Multislice Acquisition for Accelerated Readout-segmented DTI in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.
To explore the feasibility of using a simultaneous multislice (SMS) acquisition to accelerate readout-segmented diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for visualization and quantitative evaluation of the tibial nerve (TN) and common peroneal nerve (CPN) and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of accelerated DTI in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Fifteen DPN patients and forty healthy volunteers were enrolled and underwent non-SMS and SMS-accelerated readout-segmented DTI. Two radiologists independently measured the DTI parameters of TN and CPN. We compared the differences between non-SMS and SMS-accelerated DTI and assessed the differences in the fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of TN and CPN between DPN patients and healthy volunteers. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the differences in subjective scores of image quality between the two sequences. The diagnostic efficacy of DTI parameters for DPN was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).
SMS-accelerated readout-segmented DTI has similar imaging capability as non-SMS DTI, but greatly reduces the scan time, thus making it a potentially effective non-invasive modality for the diagnosis of DPN.
Global, Regional, national Burden and Gender Disparity of Cataract: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Fang Rui , Lv Ning-Xin , Yu Yang-Fan , Li En-Jie , Liu Zhao-Chuan , Zhou Hong-Gang , Song Xu-Dong
Published: September 2022

Background: To evaluate the global burden of cataracts by year, age, region, gender, and socioeconomic status using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and prevalence from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. Methods: Global, regional, or national DALY numbers, crude DALY rates, and age-standardized DALY rates caused by cataracts, by year, age, and gender, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Socio-demographic Index (SDI) as a comprehensive indicator of the national or regional development status of GBD countries in 2019 was obtained from the GBD official website. Kruskal-Wallis test, linear regression, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to explore the associations between the health burden with socioeconomic levels, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to investigate the gender disparity. Results: From 1990 to 2019, global DALY numbers caused by cataracts rose by 91.2%, crude rates increased by 32.2%, while age-standardized rates fell by 11.0%. Globally, age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rates of cataracts peaked in 2017 and 2000, with the prevalence rate of 1283.53 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 1134.46–1442.93] and DALYs rate of 94.52 (95% UI 67.09– 127.24) per 100000 population, respectively. The burden was expected to decrease to 1232.33 (95% UI 942.33–1522.33) and 91.52 (95% UI 87.11–95.94) by 2050. Southeast Asia had the highest blindness rate caused by cataracts in terms of age-standardized DALY rates (99.87, 95% UI: 67.18–144.25) in 2019. Gender disparity has existed since 1990, with the female being more heavily impacted. This pattern remained with aging among different stages of vision impairments and varied through GBD super regions. Gender difference (females minus males) of age-standardized DALYs (equation: Y=-53.2*X + 50.0,P<0.001) and prevalence rates (equation: Y = -492.8*X + 521.6,P<0.001) was negatively correlated with SDI in linear regression. Conclusion: The global health of cataracts is improving but the steady growth in crude DALY rates suggested that health progress does not mean fewer demands for cataracts. Globally, older age, females, and lower socioeconomic status are associated with higher cataract burden. The findings of this study highlight the importance to make gender-sensitive health policies to manage global vision loss caused by cataracts, especially in low SDI regions.
Assessment of the distribution and ecological risks of heavy metals in coastal sediments in Vietnam’s Mong Cai area
Authors: Bui Thi Thanh Loan , Dang Hoai Nhon , Nguyen Dac Ve , Nguyen Thi Mai Luu , Le Nhu Sieu , Nguyen Thi Hue , Bui Van Vuong , Duong Thanh Nghi , Le Van Nam , Pham Tien Dung , Vo Thi Anh , Ha Lan Anh , Nguyen Thi Kim Dung , Nguyen Manh Ha , Nguyen Van Chien , Nguyen Thi Huong Lan
Published: September 2022

The Mong Cai area, coastal sediments were collected and analyzed for grain sizes, heavy metals, total organic carbon, and isotopes (210Pb, 226Ra, δ15N, δ13C) for assessing sediment quality.Which sediments common were fine sand in surface sediment, very fine sand in core C1, very coarse silt and coarse silt in core C2. The total organic carbon was highest in C2 next to the surface and lowest in C1, with content levels of 1.81%, 0.40%, and 0.31%, respectively. δ13C and δ15N in the sediment reflected the source of the organic matter mix from the marine and terrigenous sediments. Heavy metals were lower than ISQGs, exception of As in C1 and C2 were higher, in C1 showed a decline over time, while in C2 increased between 1996 and 2019. The Mong Cai area was common by sand, accumulation of heavy metals was small, impact of heavy metal pollution on ecosystems was low.
Community structure of saproxylic arthropods along an urbanization gradient
Authors: Miyazaki Satoshi , Koike Fumito
Published: September 2022

Saproxylic arthropods play essential roles in the detritus food chains of forest ecosystems by contributing to wood decomposition and nutrient cycling. Here, we examined saproxylic arthropod communities along a gradient from large forests to urban fragmented forests to clarify the effects of urbanization on the structure and composition of these communities. We found that communities could be allocated to three groups on the basis of species composition, and the groups were correlated with the urbanization gradient represented by forest size. The fragmented urban forest community had large numbers of individuals of few facultative saproxylic species, whereas many obligate saproxylic species—proportional to the abundant dead wood volume— occurred in the large forest community. As result, species richness was significantly lower in communities in fragmented urban forests than in those in large forested areas, as determined by using rarefaction curves based on the number of individuals. However, this difference was not significant when the curve was based on wood volume. Implications for insect conservationOur result suggested that forest size as urbanization scale was the most important environmental factor influencing the saproxylic arthropod communities because species composition and species diversity were affected by forest area. We need to protect large forests to conserve the overall diversity of saproxylic arthropods.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride and Remogliflozin Enabonate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Jaiswal Reema , Kohad Mitun , Michael Patelia Emanual , RAVAL HITESH
Published: September 2022

A novel and quick HPTLC-densitometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Metformin Hydrochloride and Remogliflozin Enabonate. Chromatographic separation of the drugs was performed on precoated silica gel aluminium plate 60F254, (20×10) 100µm thickness; using Methanol: Ethyl Acetate: Acetic Acid (6:3.5:0.5v/v) as mobile phase. A TLC scanner set at 245 nm was used. The two drugs were satisfactorily resolved with Rf values Rf 0.23 for MET and Rf 0.83 for REMO respectively. Calibration curves were polynomial in the range concentration range of 200-1200ng/band for Remogliflozin Enabonate and 1000-6000ng/band for Metformin Hydrochloride. Correlation coefficients (r) values were 0.9999, 0.9999,for Metformin Hydrochloride and Remogliflozin Enabonate respectively. A low relative standard deviation (< 2%) was found for both precision and robustness study showing that the proposed method was precise and robust. The method had an accuracy of 98.82%, 98.42% of Metformine Hydrochloride and Remogliflozin Enabonate were validated according to ICH guidelines. The percentage recovery ranges from 98–101%. Forced degradation conditions of hydrolysis (neutral, acidic and alkaline), oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress, as suggested in the ICH guideline Q1A (R2).