bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating density, population size and dynamics of Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) in the West Carpathian region by a new method
Authors: Šotnár Karol , Topercer Ján
Published: July 2012

Estimating density, population size and dynamics of Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) in the West Carpathian region by a new method

In the Hornr Ponitrie Region (central Slovakia) during 1991-2001 we conducted a regular survey of Common Buzzard nests. In 2002-2006 our sampling effort increased and within the selected areas we studied buzzard dispersion/distribution, density and population dynamics using a new method of large-scale thorough search for nests with multiple nest check. The method is designed to estimate the dispersion/distribution, density and population size of target species (particularly raptors) at an absolute scale of abundance in large tracts of heterogeneous landscapes for studies of population fluctuations, trophic dynamics, reproductive success, habitat selection and use. It consists of systematic search for nests with extent of several tens of km2 and grain of c. 3000 m2, identifying and positioning the nests, and subsequent 1-3 nest checks during the each of three or more consecutive breeding periods. Further essential features include correct record of nest positions and other variables, combination of nest checks with ringing and marking, proportional sampling in apparently suitable and less suitable areas and proper timing and spacing of nest visits. In 2007 the sampling focused on DSF (Databank of Slovak Fauna) grid square 7377 covering c. 135 km2. We searched 71 km2 in total and estimated the density at 129 pairs/100 km2. Within the district of Prievidza (959 km2) we found 150 active buzzard nests. In 2008 we sampled the grid square 7377 more extensively, including higher altitudes (800-1200 m a. s. l.). Sampling of 82 km2 in total yielded the density estimate of 93 pairs/100 km2. Within the district of Prievidza we found 110 active buzzard nests. The reproductive success over four year period averaged 1.2 fledgling per active nest (n = 310 nests). Our sample enabled us to estimate the minimum population size in the whole grid square 7377 at 130 breeding pairs, i.e. 96 pairs/100 km2. Minimum population size for the whole district of Prievidza can be estimated approximately at 500 breeding pairs (52 pairs/100 km2), c. 350 of which breed in mountain forests, c. 80 in agricultural woodlots, and c. 70 in riparian vegetation. Rough estimate of minimum breeding population in the whole Slovakia is c. 15 000 pairs, i.e. on average 31 pairs/100 km2.
Feeding ecology of a nesting population of the Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) in the Upper Nitra Region, Central Slovakia
Authors: Šotnár Karol , Obuch Ján
Published: July 2012

Feeding ecology of a nesting population of the Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) in the Upper Nitra Region, Central Slovakia

During routine checks of the nests of the Common Buzzard in the Upper Nitra region (Central Slovakia) we collected food remains and recorded all prey given to the nestlings. We present results from the period 2006-2008. 606 food items were determined, comprising mainly mammals (67%). Birds were also frequent (17%), less so amphibians and reptiles (7%) and invertebrates (10%). During the rodent population peak in 2007, Buzzard pairs nesting in the valley preyed mainly on Microtus arvalis, whereas pairs living at the rim of the valley fed on Myodes glareolus and Talpa europaea, and higher in the Vtáčnik Mts birds fed on Apodemus flavicollis. After a massive decline in the rodent population in the following year 2008, the survival rate of the nestlings was very low and the proportion of invertebrates in their diet increased. Birds that were most frequently preyed upon included juvenile Turdus philomelos and Garrulus glandarius, prey identified from amphibian was mainly Bufo bufo, and from reptile prey was largely Anguis fragilis.
The Food of the White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) at Lake Baikal, East Siberia
Authors: Mlíkovský Jiří
Published: July 2012

The Food of the White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) at Lake Baikal, East Siberia

A long-term study (1991-2001) of the food of White-tailed Sea Eagles in the Svâtoj Nos wetlands at Lake Baikal, Northeastern Russia, revealed that these eagles feed predominantly on water birds, mainly ducks. Anecdotal data from the Selenga Delta in Southeastern Lake Baikal indicate that White-tailed Sea Eagles generally prefer birds as their prey in the Lake Baikal area.
European Comic Art and Quebec
Authors: Marshall Bill
Published: July 2012

The welcome attention paid to Quebec in this issue of European Comic Art immediately points to a cluster of intellectual questions concerning identity, territory and academic discipline(s). What need was there for grouping a corpus, and analysis of it, according to this category, and what meanings are implied in that selection? And what problems are evoked by the adjective ‘European’? These are familiar questions to all those Quebec specialists working in French (‘and Francophone’) Studies, as well as, in my case, Film Studies. On the one hand,
Quebec culture in all its forms of expression possesses a relevance and richness, due to historical and spatial factors I shall outline below, but is largely off the radar of the disciplines and sub-disciplines it could enrich. This is no more true than in French Studies, where it is difficult, but also necessary, topical (witness the continuing debate, five years
after the manifesto, around littérature-monde) and urgent, to challenge the hierarchy implied in the centre and periphery generated by ‘(and) Francophone’. The challenge is to place Quebec in an endlessly comparative relationship with other French-speaking cultures, with other Atlantic spaces, in order to break down the barriers implied in an often ghettoised ‘specialisation’. Here bande dessinée scholarship has an interesting advantage, in that, despite the phenomenal cultural
weight of the art form within metropolitan French life, a decidedly non-metropolitan space, namely Belgium, offers a central position. The opportunity is there to emphasise lateral connections that bypass as well as include metropolitan France, hence the work here on Tintin in Quebec. To an extent, bande-dessinée-monde, to coin a phrase, is already a reality.
Automythology
Authors: Beaulieu Jimmy
Published: July 2012

A brief historical overview considers a number of factors that were not propitious for the development of a home-grown comics culture in Quebec (notwithstanding the popularity of a few noteworthy artists) including the impossibility of competing with cheaper American production, and the ambient conservatism that dominated much of the twentieth century. Beaulieu goes on to describe the shock and excitement of his discovery in the mid-1990s of an alternative comics scene (more active in Montreal than in Quebec City), and his own involvement in it from the beginning of the twenty-first century as an artist, publisher and teacher. He offers a firsthand account of the realities of negotiating the pressures of alternative comics publishing within the two structures that he set up: Mécanique Générale and the smaller and (still) more radical Colosse. There are pleasures: the ethos of collective work, the opportunity to support up-and-coming young authors and to ensure the survival of work by an illustrious predecessor, invitations to take part in productive exchanges on a local, national and international level, and the sheer obsessive pursuit of perfectionism. But there are also frustrations: the never-ending grind of getting manuscripts ready for the printer, wearying battles with publishers' reps, the constant need to manage the expectations of authors and the skewing of the market by competitors prepared to outsource printing to Asia. The author explains his decision finally to withdraw from his publishing commitments and to focus on his own work. His conclusion, about the future of comic production in Quebec, is, however, optimistic and devoid of cynicism.
Sex and Death in Quebec
Authors: MacLeod Catriona
Published: July 2012

In comparison to the U.S. market, the trend for autobiographical sequential art arrived late within the history of the francophone bande dessinée. Its rising popularity throughout the 1990s and into the new millennium coincided, and to an extent connected, with another belated development in the French-language industry however: that of the growing presence of the female artist. This article considers the strong presence of life narratives in bandes dessinées created by women, before presenting a case-study examining the manipulation of the medium to an autobiographical end in Québécoise artist Julie Doucet's 1998 Changements d'adresses ['Changes of Addresses']. It considers how, in this coming-of-age narrative set first in Montreal and then New York, Doucet utilises the formal specificity of the bande dessinée to emphasise both the fragmentation and then reintegration of her hybrid enunciating instances. It further examines Doucet's usage of the life-narrative bande dessinée to oppose her representation from that of the disruptive male figures in her life, whose sexual presence in her personal evolution is often connected to images of dysfunction and death, finally suggesting via this examination of Julie Doucet and Changements d'adresses the particular suitability of female-created life narratives to feminist reappropriations of the francophone bande dessinée.
Post-Normal Climate Science
Authors: Krauss Werner , Schäfer Mike S. , von Storch Hans
Published: July 2012

This special symposium grew out of a workshop held in Hamburg in 2011 (Krauss and von Storch 2012) and of a long-term interest in climate research as post-normal science. A decade earlier, Dennis Bray and Hans von Storch (1999) stated that the management of uncertainty and its extension into the political and social realm make climate science a case for post-normal science. Interpreting a survey among German and American climate scientists, they suggested that scientific policy advice is the result of both scientific knowledge and normative judgment.
Post-Normal Science in a German Landscape
Authors: Pielke Roger A.
Published: July 2012

This essay explores the management and creation of ignorance via an exploration of the landscape of eastern Germany, which has seen profound social, political, and technological changes over the past several decades. Like in many places around the world decision makers in eastern Germany are seeking to reach a future state where seemingly conflicting outcomes related to the economy and the environment are simultaneously realized. The management of ignorance is an important but often overlooked consideration in decision making that the concept of "post-normal science" places into our focus of attention.
Fuel Characteristics of Biodiesel Produced from a High-Acid Oil from Soybean Soapstock by Supercritical-Methanol Transesterification
Authors: Lin Cherng-Yuan , Lin Yi-Wei
Published: July 2012

A supercritical methanol transesterification method was applied to produce biodiesel from the high-acid oil of soybean soapstock. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced with various molar ratios of methanol to raw oil were analyzed and compared in this experimental study. Oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and palmitic acid (C16:0) were the three main compounds in the high-acid oil-biodiesel. The saturated fatty acid content of the high-acid oil increased significantly due to the supercritical-methanol transesterification reaction. The fuel characteristics of the resulting high-acid oil, including the specific gravity and kinematic viscosity, were also greatly improved. The saturated fatty acid content of the biodiesel produced from the high-acid oil was higher than that of biodiesel from waste cooking oil produced by the subcritical transesterification using a strongly alkaline catalyst. The high-acid oil-biodiesel that was produced with a molar ratio of methanol to raw oil of 42 had the best fuel properties, including a higher distillation temperature and cetane index and a lower kinematic viscosity and water content, among the biodiesels with different molar ratios.
Flexible and Versatile as a Chameleon—Sophisticated Functions of microRNA-199a
Authors: Gu Shen , Chan Wai-Yee
Published: July 2012

Although widely studied in the past decade, our knowledge of the functional role of microRNAs (miRNAs) remains limited. Among the many miRNAs identified in humans, we focus on miR-199a due to its varied and important functions in diverse models and systems. Its expression is finely regulated by promoter methylation and direct binding of transcription factors such as TWIST1. During tumorigenesis, depending on the nature of the cancer, miR-199a, especially its -3p mature form, may act as either a potential tumor suppressor or an oncogene. Its 5p mature form has been shown to protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxic damage via its action on HIF1α. It also has a functional role in stem cell differentiation, embryo development, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, etc. Though it has varied biological activities, its regulation has not been reviewed. The varied and protean functions of miR-199a suggest that efforts to generalize the action of a miRNA are problematic. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the literature on miR-199a as an example of the complexity of miRNA biology and suggests future directions for miRNA research.
Reflection and Transmission Coefficient of Yttrium Iron Garnet Filled Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Using Rectangular Waveguide at Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Soleimani Hassan , Abbas Zulkifly , Yahya Noorhana , Shameli Kamyar , Soleimani Hojjatollah , Shabanzadeh Parvaneh
Published: July 2012

The sol-gel method was carried out to synthesize nanosized Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG). The nanomaterials with ferrite structure were heat-treated at different temperatures from 500 to 1000 °C. The phase identification, morphology and functional groups of the prepared samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The YIG ferrite nanopowder was composited with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) by a solution casting method. The magnitudes of reflection and transmission coefficients of PVDF/YIG containing 6, 10 and 13% YIG, respectively, were measured using rectangular waveguide in conjunction with a microwave vector network analyzer (VNA) in X-band frequencies. The results indicate that the presence of YIG in polymer composites causes an increase in reflection coefficient and decrease in transmission coefficient of the polymer.
An Alternative Synthesis of 3′,4′-Diaminoflavones to Evaluate Their Antioxidant Ability and Cell Apoptosis of Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Shih Tzenge-Lien , Hsiao Chih-Ang , Lin Zi-Yu , Chen Yau-Hung
Published: July 2012

We described herein a concise synthesis of 3′,4′-diaminoflavone 10. This new, three-step synthetic approach is more efficient than the conventional seven-step synthetic method. The route is shortened significantly by introducing the amino moieties early and eliminating the need for nitro group reduction. The other two analogues, 5,7-dihydroxy-3′,4′-diaminoflavone 11 and 5,7-dimethoxy-3′,4′-diaminoflavone 12, were also synthesized similarly. The above three compounds, along with flavone, were evaluated for their antioxidant and UVB-protection abilities on zebrafish larvae. The data showed that compound 10 exhibited the best result, with −102.3% of ROS-scavenging rate.
Discovering Subgroups Using Descriptive Models of Adverse Outcomes in Medical Care
Authors: Kokol P. , Stiglic G.
Published: July 2012

Objectives: Hospital discharge databases store hundreds of thousands of patients. These datasets are usually used by health insurance companies to process claims from hospitals, but they also represent a rich source of information about the patterns of medical care. The proposed subgroup discovery method aims to improve the efficiency of detecting interpretable subgroups in data.

Methods: Supervised descriptive rule discovery techniques can prove inefficient in cases when target class samples represent only an extremely small amount of all available samples. Our approach aims to balance the number of samples in target and control groups prior to subgroup discovery process. Additionally, we introduce some improvements to an existing subgroup discovery algorithm enhancing the user experience and making the descriptive data mining process and visualization of rules more user friendly.

Results: Instance-based subspace subgroup discovery introduced in this paper is demonstrated on hospital discharge data with focus on medical errors. In general, the number of patients with a recorded diagnosis related to a medical error is relatively small in comparison to patients where medical errors did not occur. The ability to produce comprehensible and simple models with high degree of confidence, support, and predictive power using the proposed method is demonstrated.

Conclusions: This paper introduces a subspace subgroup discovery process that can be applied in all settings where a large number of samples with relatively small number of target class samples are present. The proposed method is implemented in Weka machine learning environment and is available at http://ri.fzv.uni-mb.si/ssd.
Feasibility, Safety, and Preliminary Proof of Principles of Autologous Neural Stem Cell Treatment Combined with T-Cell Vaccination for ALS Patients
Authors: Moviglia G. A. , Moviglia-Brandolino M. T. , Varela G. S. , Albanese G. , Piccone S. , Echegaray G. , Martinez G. , Blasseti N. , Farias J. , Farina P. , Perusso A. , Gaeta C. A.
Published: July 2012

Uncontrolled activation of the innate immune system promotes the deterioration of neurons in different neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). T-cell vaccination (TCV) was developed by Irun Cohen and coworkers at the Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel) during the late 1970s and has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for human autoimmune diseases and a regulator of macrophage activation in animal models. We treated seven ALS patients with this cell therapy and were able to slow or stop disease progression in the affected individuals. The median survival, which is 3.5 years, was extended to 6 years. They were also treated with autologous adult neural stem cells associated with effector T cells. The observed neurologic improvements after treatment lasted for at least 1 year. Clinical recovery in the treated ALS patients was confirmed by an independent, skilled neurologist using the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R). TCV in conjunction with an autologous neural stem cell treatment might be a feasible, minimally invasive, safe, and effective approach to obtain enduring therapeutic effects in ALS patients.
Media and Information Literacy in South Africa: Goals and Tools
Authors: Saleh Ibrahim
Published: July 2012

The South African government has emphasized the need to expand the role of media education to promote equal access, with a level of quality and relevance that will empower disadvantaged groups. However, it is a challenging, time-consuming process, as well as requiring considerable and consistent expenditure and partnerships between many donor agencies. There is little research on the causes behind unequal access to technology, or comparative studies of the barriers that impede the diffusion and adoption of media and information literacy in South Africa. It is thus not surprising that the media and information literacy component is still missing from the agenda that lists Africa’s myriad problems, as well as the absence of qualified teachers, training for the trainers and the presence of IT literacy in the curricula, all of which are essential elements for any future development. The UNESCO model of curricula could help close the digital divide and promote social inclusion. As a contribution to that goal, this study investigates some of the pertinent issues related to media and information literacy via a sample of students at the University of Cape Town. This research offers some practical solutions on how to help raise the levels of media and information literacy among the disadvantaged, in the case in South Africa.

El gobierno de Sudáfrica ha realizado recientemente un enorme esfuerzo en la expansión del papel de la educación en medios, con el objeto de ofrecer un acceso equitativo y de calidad a toda la población, especialmente hacia los grupos desfavorecidos. Sin embargo, este proceso requiere tiempo y recursos ingentes y constantes, además de la necesaria colaboración de otras instituciones. Actualmente, existe en Sudáfrica escasa investigación sobre las causas de las desigualdades de acceso a la tecnología o los obstáculos que existen para la difusión y puesta en marcha de la alfabetización mediática en Sudáfrica. No es sorprendente, por ello, que entre los múltiples problemas que existen hoy en África todavía la alfabetización mediática e informacional no sea una prioridad. Siguen existiendo muchos maestros con escasos conocimientos en esta materia, la capacitación de formadores es muy pobre y su incorporación en programas de alfabetización muy anecdótica. El Currículum UNESCO MIL de Alfabetización Mediática es un reto para ayudar a superar esta brecha digital y promover la inclusión social. Con este objetivo, este estudio analiza algunas cuestiones relacionadas con la alfabetización mediática a partir de una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Cape Town, proponiendo algunas soluciones prácticas sobre cómo ayudar a mejorar los niveles de alfabetización mediática e informacional en las sociedades menos favorecidas, como es el caso de Sudáfrica.
Young People’s Interaction with Media in Egypt, India, Finland, Argentina and Kenya
Authors: Tayie Sami , Pathak-Shelat Manisha , Hirsjärvi Irma
Published: July 2012

In contemporary information society, finding, evaluating and using information is a key survival skill. Conventional and new media such as libraries, archives, mass media and the Internet serve an important function in society as the sources of information. This chapter will focus on findings from research that was carried out in Egypt, India, Finland, Argentina and Kenya. Based on empirical research, it gives an overview of how young people today use a variety of sources for information seeking and describes the implications of these findings for media literacy programs. The chapter specifically explores young people’s use of new digital and conventional media for information seeking and disseminating. Media diaries were collected from 175 children in Argentina, 100 in Egypt, 160 in India and 144 in Finland by the project researchers. With the help of the Nokia Research Centre we also managed to obtain 48 completed diaries from Kenya. All diaries were collected in the first half of 2010. Some light will also be shed on efforts led by international organizations, especially UNESCO, to foster teacher training in media and information literacy and create worldwide awareness of this competence.

En la actual sociedad de la información, encontrar, valorar y utilizar la comunicación es una estrategia fundamental de supervivencia. Los medios tradicionales y nuevos como las bibliotecas, archivos, medios de masas o Internet tienen una función crucial para las sociedades como fuentes de información. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio llevado a cabo en Egipto, India, Finlandia, Argentina y Kenia. Basado en una investigación empírica, ofrece una visión general de cómo los jóvenes de hoy en día utilizan diversas fuentes para la búsqueda de información y cuáles son sus implicaciones para los programas de alfabetización mediática. En concreto se explora cómo los jóvenes utilizan los medios digitales (nuevos y convencionales) tanto para buscar información como para difundirla. Los investigadores del proyecto recogieron los diarios de medios de comunicación de 175 niños de Argentina, 100 de Egipto, 160 de la India y 144 de Finlandia. Con la ayuda del Nokia Research Centre también pudimos obtener 48 diarios completos de Kenia. Todos los diarios fueron recogidos durante el primer semestre de 2010. Los hallazgos giran en torno a los esfuerzos internacionales, especialmente de la UNESCO, de fomentar la formación docente en alfabetización mediática, creando una conciencia mundial sobre este tipo de alfabetización en los profesores.
The ConRed Program, an Evidence-based Practice
Authors: del-Rey-Alamillo Rosario , Casas José-A. , Ortega-Ruiz Rosario
Published: July 2012

The incredible force with which ITCs have arrived in society and the consequent risks to children when dealing with the Internet and social networks make it necessary for the domain of virtual environments to be included in the school curriculum. However, the initiatives in this direction are limited and there is a lack of rigorously evaluated programs that might act as a basis for designing educational lines of action. The ConRed Program is based on the theory of normative social behavior and aims to reduce problems such as cyber-bullying and addiction to the Internet and refocus the misadjusted perception of information control in the social networks in order to promote their use in a more beneficial way. The ConRed Program has been evaluated using a quasi-experimental methodology, with an experimental group (N=595) and a quasi-control group (N=298) consisting of 893 students (45.9% girls) with an average age of 13.80 years (SD=1.47). The reduction of problems in the experimental group and the lack of change in the control group is evidence of the program’s validity, and show that by working and collaborating with the whole educational community it is possible to improve the quality of the virtual and, therefore, the real life of adolescents.

La vertiginosa incorporación de las TIC a la sociedad y los consecuentes riesgos a los que los menores se enfrentan en Internet y las redes sociales han dejado en evidencia la necesidad de incorporar en el currículum escolar el dominio de los entornos virtuales. En cambio, son escasas las iniciativas en esta dirección y más aún programas rigurosamente evaluados, de modo que sirvan de fundamento para el diseño de las líneas de acción educativa. El programa ConRed está basado en la teoría del comportamiento social normativo y persigue los objetivos de mejorar y reducir problemas como el cyberbullying, la dependencia a Internet y la desajustada percepción del control de la información en las redes sociales, para así potenciar el uso beneficioso de éstas. La evaluación del ConRed se ha desarrollado mediante una metodología cuasi experimental, con un grupo experimental (N=595) y uno cuasi-control (N=298). Del total de los 893 estudiantes, el 45,9% eran chicas y la edad media 13,80 años (DT=1,47). Los resultados positivos de reducción de problemas en el grupo experimental y la ausencia de cambio en el grupo control son muestra de su validez y demuestran que trabajando con toda la comunidad educativa y en colaboración con ella es posible mejorar la calidad de la vida virtual y, por tanto, real de los adolescentes.
Fame and Proffessional Success in «Operación Triunfo» and «Fama ¡a bailar!»
Authors: Oliva-Rota Mercè
Published: July 2012

The main aim of this paper is to identify the values conveyed by «Operación Triunfo» and «Fama ¡a bailar!». Their popularity (especially among young people) and prescriptive nature (they convey life models by means of identifying problems and proposing objectives and solutions) make them relevant study objects. This paper focuses on how work and fame are depicted in «Operación Triunfo» and «Fama ¡a bailar!», two areas that have hardly been studied in Spain. In order to fulfil the objectives of this paper, these programmes were analysed using a methodology that combines narrative semiotics, audiovisual style and narrative form analysis, as well as ludology and game design theory. The analysis shows that these programmes depict professional success as personally and socioeconomically rewarding, although it is extremely difficult to achieve. To obtain this success, the contestants are transformed through education and celebritisation. Finally, in these programmes there is a conflict between talent and fame. This paper concludes that «Operación Triunfo» and «Fama ¡a bailar!» present fame as a life aspiration and also show the mechanisms used to produce it. The programmes depict modern society as meritocratic and evidence the importance of image in the modern workplace. Finally, they describe a «good worker» as someone passionate about their work, adaptable and capable of sacrificing his/her personal life.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los valores vehiculados por «Operación Triunfo» y «Fama ¡a bailar!». Su relevancia como objeto de estudio reside en su popularidad (especialmente entre los jóvenes) y su carácter prescriptivo (transmiten modelos de vida a partir de la identificación de problemas y la propuesta de objetivos y soluciones). Este artículo explora cómo representan el ámbito profesional y el concepto de la fama «Operación Triunfo» y «Fama ¡a bailar!», dos temas poco analizados hasta ahora en España. Para ello, se propone una metodología que combina la semiótica narrativa, el análisis de la enunciación audiovisual y el estudio de las reglas del concurso. El análisis revela que en estos programas se representan el éxito profesional como gratificante a nivel personal y socioeconómico, aunque también muy difícil de conseguir. Para alcanzarlo, los concursantes son transformados mediante el aprendizaje y la «celebritización». Finalmente, hay en estos programas una fuerte tensión entre el talento y la popularidad como formas de llegar al éxito. El artículo concluye que «Operación Triunfo» y «Fama ¡a bailar!» son programas que prescriben la fama como aspiración vital y reflexionan sobre su proceso de producción; transmiten una visión meritocrática de la sociedad actual; ponen en escena la importancia de la imagen en el entorno laboral y definen un buen profesional como alguien apasionado, maleable y capaz de sacrificar su vida personal.
Une source méconnue de la théorie de l'agrégation des jugements
Authors: Mongin Philippe
Published: July 2012

Résumé On présente brièvement ici la contribution de Georges-Théodule Guilbaud (1912-2006) aux théories agrégatives contemporaines. Précurseur méconnu, il anticipe la conception algébrique de l’agrégation et la théorie plus récente de l’agrégation des jugements, qui généralise celle du choix social en remplaçant le concept de préférence par celui de jugement. L’article insiste plus particulièrement sur cette dernière liaison.
Les déterminants de la durée d'accès à un logement social
Authors: Bonnal Liliane , Boumahdi Rachid , Favard Pascal
Published: July 2012

Résumé L’objectif de ce travail est de mettre en évidence les caractéristiques individuelles ayant un effet sur la durée d’obtention d’un logement social. Les données utilisées sont issues de l’enquête Logement 2006 de l’Insee. Les résultats montrent que les critères familiaux et sociaux ne sont pas les seuls critères retenus par les bailleurs sociaux lors de l’attribution de logement. En particulier, louer aux ménages les plus modestes et/ou aux ménages de nationalité non européenne ne semble pas être prioritaire.
Une analyse critique des mesures de restriction aux échanges de services
Authors: Rabaud Isabelle , Montalieu Thierry
Published: July 2012

Résumé Les négociateurs commerciaux de l’ omc ont identifié quatre modes d’échange de services : l’échange transfrontière, la consommation à l’étranger, la présence commerciale et la présence de personnes physiques. Les entraves aux échanges de services s’étendent donc aux réglementations domestiques. Nous examinons la manière dont les équations de gravité expliquent les déterminants des échanges de services et comment elles permettent l’évaluation des gains liés à la suppression de ces entraves. Au préalable, nous exposons comment les barrières aux échanges de services sont surestimées. Nous montrons ensuite que si les équations de gravité expliquent bien les opérations internationales de services, les méthodes utilisées tendent à surévaluer les effets des entraves aux échanges et donc la croissance des flux d’exportations et d’ ide de services attendue de la libéralisation.
Retórica visual: imágenes de sarracenos en iglesias florentinas
Authors: Ben-Aryeh Debby Nirit
Published: July 2012

Este artículo se centra en el encuentro entre el mundo cristiano y el musulmán tal y como se representa en las iglesias florentinas. Analiza las imágenes de musulmanes relacionadas con los conceptos de misión, conversión y cruzada según su tratamiento en las tradiciones visuales y orales. Existía una larga tradición de simpatía hacia las Cruzadas en la Toscana, sobre todo en Florencia, que se remonta hasta el siglo XII. El papel ejercido por las órdenes mendicantes establecidas en los grandes conventos de santa Croce y de Santa María Novella, fue crucial para fomentar la simpatía hacia las cruzadas. Esta tradición continuó durante el siglo XV, después de la caída de Constantinopla, cuando Florencia articuló explícitamente su apoyo a los esfuerzos papales en las cruzadas y participó en la recaudación de fondos para las mismas. Los principales partidarios de la propaganda para las cruzadas en Florencia fueron los predicadores franciscanos y dominicos, quienes actuaban efectivamente como enviados papales, continuando una tradición de sermones mendicantes sobre las cruzadas. Asimismo, estos movimientos desarrollaron su propio estilo de producciones artísticas, o bien en la pintura o bien en la escultura, para divulgar sus ideales religiosos. Este artículo se centrará en el uso de la retórica y la predicación y en las relaciones entre la palabra y la imagen, entre las tradiciones artística y literaria, y entre las producciones artísticas y los sermones.
Beatas y comunidad cívica. Algunas claves interpretativas de la espiritualidad femenina urbana bajomedieval (Córdoba, siglos XIV-XV)
Authors: Graña Cid María del Mar
Published: July 2012

Frente a la habitual imagen historiográfi ca que presenta al movimiento religioso femenino bajomedieval como falto de coherencia y determinado por fenómenos de excedencia socioeconómica de mujeres, estas páginas plantean la
importancia del análisis de su característica conexión con las ciudades para valorar sus fisonomías, formas asociativas e intencionalidades y, consiguientemente, la dimensión política de la espiritualidad femenina urbana. Se centran sobre un sector del movimiento, la vida beata no reglada y, dentro de un marco andaluz especialmente potente en manifestaciones religiosas femeninas, en la ciudad de Córdoba, epicentro reformista durante los dos últimos siglos medievales.
Los sermones de ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib en la confluencia entre las enseñanzas islámicas del Corán y la ética cultural basada en las tradiciones orales sobre la naturaleza de la Arabia del siglo VII
Authors: Qutbuddin Tahera
Published: July 2012

Los sermones atribuidos a ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (c. 600-661, primer imam chií y cuarto califa suní) fomentaron las doctrinas y la ética coránicas fundacionales mediante una estética oratoria, imbuida de la cultura poética oral basada en metáforas de la naturaleza, característica de la Arabia del siglo VII. ‘Ali utilizaba metáforas tradicionales de camellos y abrevaderos, junto con expresiones rítmicas y lacónicas llenas de cadencias de la oralidad, para instar a los oyentes a adorar al Dios único, seguir la dirección de su profeta Muhammad, rehuir las cosas mundanas, practicar las buenas obras y prepararse para la inminente vida en el más allá. A través de un análisis pormenorizado de sus discursos más célebres, este artículo explora dichas enseñanzas y sus bases religiosas y culturales.
Tres notes sobre l’Ars predicandi populo de Francesc Eiximenis (autoria, datació i contingut)
Authors: Renedo Puig Xavier
Published: July 2012

[ca] Tot i que l’Ars predicandi populo només és atribuïda a Eiximenis en un dels tres manuscrits que l’han transmès, no hi ha cap dubte que és obra seva. En són una prova fefaent, en primer lloc, les remissions internes que es fan a aquesta obra des de les planes del Terç i del Dotzè del Crestià, i, en segon lloc, la presència d’un volum de sermons autògraf que començava amb l’Ars en l’inventari de la biblioteca d’Eiximenis fet poc després de la seva mort. Cal situar la redacció de l’Ars i de la col·lecció de sermons que encapçalava abans de l’inici de l’enciclopèdia del Crestià (1379) a causa de la complexitat que comportava la redacció d’una col·lecció de tres o fins i tot quatre volums de sermons. Per una sèrie de raons codicològiques i formals cal excloure de l’Ars el capítol De consiliis circa predicacionem, que en realitat no és obra d’Eiximenis.
Seasonal occurrence of anoxygenic photosynthesis in Tillari and Selaulim reservoirs, Western India
Authors: Kurian S. , Roy R. , Repeta D. J. , Gauns M. , Shenoy D. M. , Suresh T. , Sarkar A. , Narvenkar G. , Johnson C. G. , Naqvi S. W. A.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Phytoplankton and bacterial pigment compositions were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in two freshwater reservoirs (Tillari Dam and Selaulim Dam), which are located at the foothills of the Western Ghats in India. These reservoirs experience anoxia in the hypolimnion during summer. Water samples were collected from both reservoirs during anoxic periods while one of them (Tillari Reservoir) was also sampled in winter, when convective mixing results in well-oxygenated conditions throughout the water column. During the period of anoxia (summer), bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) e isomers and isorenieratene, characteristic of brown sulfur bacteria, were dominant in the anoxic (sulfidic) layer of the Tillari Reservoir under low light intensities. The winter observations showed the dominance of small cells of Chlorophyll b-containing green algae and cyanobacteria, with minor presence of fucoxanthin-containing diatoms and peridinin-containing dinoflagellates. Using total BChl e concentration observed in June, the standing stock of brown sulfur bacteria carbon in the anoxic compartment of Tillari Reservoir was estimated to be 2.27 gC m−2, which is much higher than the similar estimate for carbon derived from oxygenic photosynthesis (0.82 gC m−2. The Selaulim Reservoir also displayed similar characteristics with the presence of BChl e isomers and isorenieratene in the anoxic hypolimnion during summer. Although sulfidic conditions prevailed in the water column below the thermocline, the occurrence of photo-autotrophic bacteria was restricted only to mid-depths (maximal concentration of BChl e isomers was detected at 0.2% of the surface incident light). This shows that the vertical distribution of photo-autotrophic sulfur bacteria is primarily controlled by light penetration in the water column where the presence of H2S provides a suitable biogeochemical environment for them to flourish.
Identification of runoff generation processes using hydrometric and tracer methods in a meso-scale catchment in Rwanda
Authors: Munyaneza O. , Wenninger J. , Uhlenbrook S.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Understanding of dominant runoff generation processes in the meso-scale Migina catchment (257.4 km2) in southern Rwanda was improved using analysis of hydrometric data and tracer methods. The paper examines the use of hydrochemical and isotope parameters for separating streamflow into different runoff components by investigating two flood events which occurred during the rainy season "Itumba" (March–May) over a period of 2 yr at two gauging stations. Dissolved silica (SiO2), electrical conductivity (EC), deuterium (2H), oxygen-18 (18O), major anions (Cl− and SO2−4) and major cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) were analyzed during the events. 2H, 18O, Cl− and SiO2 were finally selected to assess the different contributing sources using mass balance equations and end member mixing analysis for two- and three-component hydrograph separation models. The results obtained by applying two-component hydrograph separations using dissolved silica and chloride as tracers are generally in line with the results of three-component separations using dissolved silica and deuterium. Subsurface runoff is dominating the total discharge during flood events. More than 80% of the discharge was generated by subsurface runoff for both events. This is supported by observations of shallow groundwater responses in the catchment (depth 0.2–2 m), which show fast infiltration of rainfall water during events. Consequently, shallow groundwater contributes to subsurface stormflow and baseflow generation. This dominance of subsurface contributions is also in line with the observed low runoff coefficient values (16.7 and 44.5%) for both events. Groundwater recharge during the wet seasons leads to a perennial river system. These results are essential for better water resources planning and management in the region, which is characterized by very highly competing demands (domestic vs. agricultural vs. industrial uses).
Minimally Invasive Basilic Vein Harvest for Arteriovenous Fistula Transposition using a Laryngoscope
Authors: Jennings William C. , Blebea John , Arcos V. Karlos , Maliska Miles , Fadner Brandon , Nguyen Albert
Published: July 2012

Purpose

The standard lengthy surgical incision used for basilic vein arteriovenous fistula (AVF) transposition is associated with significant discomfort, scarring and risk of wound complications. Minimally invasive vein dissection using a laryngoscope is an inexpensive alternative which has been successfully used for saphenous vein harvesting and which we have applied to the basilic vein for laryngoscopic-assisted AVF transposition (L-AVF/T).

Methods

During this technique, the basilic vein is mobilized through two small incisions, one in the axilla and the second just proximal to the cubital fossa. Ultrasound examination is used to map the location of the largest distal venous branch, either the forearm basilic vein or the median cubital vein. An important element of exposure is incising the superficial investing fascia longitudinally over the vein, allowing the working space to expand.

Results

L-AVF/Ts were constructed in 47 patients during a 20 month time period. Mean age was 62 (18–87) years. Twenty-five (53%) patients were women, sixteen (34%) were obese and twenty-eight (60%) were diabetic. All veins were successfully harvested and there were no neurologic injuries. Primary and cumulative patency rates were 80% and 92%, respectively, at one year with follow-up ranging between 1–20 months (mean = 4 months).

Conclusions

Minimally invasive dissection of the basilic vein for vascular access transposition using laryngoscopic assistance is safe, reliable and cost efficient with good short-term patency and functional outcomes.
Some Considerations in the Translation of African Drama
Authors: Che Suh Joseph
Published: July 2012

This paper examines the types of African drama South of the Sahara. It illustrates and underscores the fact that each of the numerous sub-categories found in that part of the continent has its own distinctive characteristics which the translator must actively identify and map onto the target text.
Accès stratégique des tiers au stockage et concurrence dans le secteur gazier
Authors: Baranes Edmond , Mirabel Francois , Poudou Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2012

Cet article étudie les aspects stratégiques liés à l’accès des tiers au stockage (ATS) dans le secteur gazier. On montre que dans certaines configurations de marché, l’ATS peut être utilisé stratégiquement par des producteurs de gaz présents en aval qui se comportent alors comme des acheteurs sur le marché intermédiaire. L’objectif de ces achats stratégiques est de distordre la formation du prix sur le marché intermédiaire et ainsi d’accroître le coût du rival. Cette stratégie du producteur peut réduire l’efficacité collective de l’industrie gazière. Nous montrons qu’il est possible de réduire cette distorsion en autorisant l’intégration du stockage à un distributeur indépendant.
Expérimentation de laboratoire et économie : contre quelques idées reçues et faux problèmes
Authors: Etchart-Vincent Nathalie
Published: July 2012

En dépit de son utilisation et de sa légitimité croissantes, l’expérimentation de laboratoire en économie fait parfois l’objet de critiques qui peuvent aller jusqu’à la remise en cause de la pertinence de l’outil. Sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité, nous revenons sur ceux de ces arguments qui revêtent selon nous un caractère discutable (parce qu’ils nous semblent selon les cas témoigner soit d’une tentation stratégique face à des résultats expérimentaux considérés comme gênants, soit d’une vision erronée des finalités et potentialités de la démarche, soit encore d’une lecture partielle de la réalité économique elle-même) afin de montrer que leur validité est au mieux locale et partielle. Nous en profitons pour rappeler les finalités de la méthode expérimentale, circonscrire son domaine d’application (c.-à-d. ses potentialités et limites) et indiquer quelques précautions d’utilisation.
Discursive Mediation in Translation: Representation of the Harry Wu topic in the Chinese translations of Living History
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhu Chunshen
Published: July 2012

This paper describes how mediation in translation is realized by means of inclusion and exclusion of information at the selection stage and discursive deviations at the presentation stage in the process of target text production. It discusses the effect of mediation in relation to two types of the target text recipients, one is termed professional readers representing the censoring authorities and the other the intended reading public, and their respective socio-cultural backgrounds. Our argument in this paper is that an investigation of translation from the perspective of mediation helps reveal the power struggle underlying the translation process. The detailed description of the textual realization of mediation, in particular, helps create an awareness of the various ways the target text producer may take to mediate the translation process to achieve a compromise between the author’s interests and the professional readers’ political concerns so as to get the translation published.