bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicación y gestión de los planes de igualdad. La asignatura pendiente
Authors: Selma Penalva Alejandra
Published: June 2020

Resumen. El legislador, constantemente intenta introducir mecanismos para favorecer la plena igualdad entre mujeres y hombres en el entorno laboral. Con el RD-Ley 6/2019 se intentan combatir algunos problemas que existían y que restaban eficacia práctica a los planes de igualdad. Pese a todo, todavía quedan cuestiones pendientes de respuesta que sería oportu­no clarificar en un futuro cercano con el fin de aprovechar todo el potencial intrínseco que sin duda tienen los planes de igualdad, aunque hasta ahora, sus efectos reales hayan sido mucho menores a los esperados.
Potential of Flavonoid in Mahkota Dewa to Reduce Sistolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in Patient with Hypertension
Authors: Okhtara Abed Nego
Published: June 2020

Treating hypertension by using antihypertensive drugs and diuretics has many harmful side effects. Mahkota Dewa fruit can be used as alternative treatment with minimal side effects. As generallly known that blood pressure increases slowly with age, which makes hypertension a critical disease to the elderly. This disease could be treated using flavonoid compounds that is contained in Mahkota Dewa fruit because it is effective in reducing blood pressure.
Seismic Assessment of 10-Story Building Using Tuned Mass Damper
Authors: Aghajani Delavar Mohammad
Published: June 2020

In this paper, optimum parameters of Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD) are considered to control the responses of 10-story shear building under harmonic loading and 22 set of seismic records of FEMA-P695. The criterion used to obtain the optimum parameters is to select mass ratio, the frequency (tuning) and damping ratio that would result in smallest lateral displacements. State-space equations of motion are presented to compute the structural responses by developing a MATLAB file. A 10-story shear building is presented as a case study to assess the effects of TMDs on the multi-story structures. The results indicate that using TMD can reduce structural responses up to the average 20% under earthquake excitation and up to 90% under harmonic loadings. TMDs are not always effective under any type of ground motion; therefore, being aware of the given location is significant to design TMDs properly.
SARS-CoV2 at the Alveolar Epithelial-Endothelial Interface – A Hypothesis for the Pathogenesis of COVID-19
Authors: Acosta Saltos Alejandro , Carolina Acosta Saltos Francia
Published: June 2020

Severe COVID-19 is associated with viraemia and multiple organ disease. Similar clinicopathological features have been previously seen in SARS and MERS. Clinically, the severity of SARS, MERS and COVID-19 has been associated with the presence of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV2 viraemia in affected patients. In vitro work has looked at the pattern of viral entry and release from polarised epithelial cells infected by coronaviruses. This work has demonstrated a correlation between the severity of a coronavirus infection and the ability of the virus to reach and infect the basal surface of host cells. It has been postulated that this ability helps the virus invade the bloodstream of the host, resulting in a systemic infection with multiple organ involvement. Here we propose that basal surface release and entry of COVID-19 into and out of cells at epithelial-endothelial interface plays a key pathogenic role in severe COVID-19 disease.
Double-Edged Sword of Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic on Crude Oil Stock Returns
Authors: Adenomon Monday Osagie , Emenogu Ngozi G.
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the impact of global financial crisis and the present COVID-19 pandemic on daily and weekly Crude oil futures using four variants of ARMA-GARCH models: ARMA-sGARCH, ARMA-eGARCH, ARMA-TGARCH and ARMA- aPARCH with dummy variables We also investigated the persistence, half-life and backtesting of the models. This study therefore seeks to contribute to the body of literature on the impact of global financial crisis and the present COVID-19 pandemic on crude oil futures market. This investigation of the impact of global financial crisis and the COVID-19 on crude oil futures has not been much studied at present. We obtained and analyzed the daily and weekly crude oil futures from secondary sources. Daily crude oil futures used in this study covers the period from the 4th January 2000 to 27th April 2020 while the weekly crude oil futures covered from 2ndJanuary 2000 to 26th April 2020 . The global financial crisis period covered from 2nd July 2007 to 31st March 2009 and the current COVID-19 pandemic covered from 1st January 2020 to 27th April, 2020. The study used both student t and skewed student t innovations with AIC, goodness-of-test fit and backtesting to select the best model. Most of the estimated ARMA-GARCH models are supported by skewed student t distribution while most of the ARMA-GARCH models exhibited high persistence values in the presence of global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. In the overall, the estimated ARMA(1,0)-eGARCH(2,1) and ARMA(1,0)-eGARCH(2,2) model for daily crude oil futures and weekly crude oil futures respectively have been significantly impacted by the global financial crisis and the Present COVID-19 pandemic while the preferred estimated models also passed the goodness-of-test fit and backtesting.This study recommends shareholders and investors should think outside the box as crude oil futures tend to be affected by global financial crisis and COVID-19 pandemic while countries also that depend mostly on crude oil are encouraged to diversify their economy in other to survive and be sustained during financial and health crisis.
Reproductive Performances of Friesian Holstein Dairy Cows in Different Agricultural Ecosystems
Authors: Kusmayadi Tendy , Hadiana Muhamad Hasan , Tanuwiria Ujang Hidayat
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to study reproductive performance of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cows in the three different agro-ecosystems at the operational area of Bayongbong’s cooperative, Garut regency, Indonesia. The method used in this study was the survey method.  The study was carried out in Lebakjaya village, which has drylands and rainfed agricultural ecosystem (AES DL-Rainfed); Cintanagara village which has drylands and irrigated rice field agricultural ecosystem (AES DL-IRF); and Pamalayan village which has drylands tropical forest (AES DL-Forest). The total samples were 208 dairy farmers and 315 head of FH dairy cows from the three places, 18 dairy farmers and 44 head in Lebakjaya village, 95 dairy farmers and 120 head in Cintanegara village, and 95 dairy farmers with 151 head in Pamalayan village. The study used a simple random sampling and the reproductive performances data were obtained from the field and artificial insemination practices. The data were descriptively analyzed using SPSS 22.0.  After that, it was  tested using  T-Student statistical analyses. The results showed that the reproductive performances in AES DL-Rainfed were S/C 2.23 ± 0.45  times, days open (DO) 148.89 ± 65.52 days, and calving interval (CI) 431.00 ± 65.18 days. The reproductive performances in AES DL-IRF were S/C 2.31 ± 0.54 times, DO 161.95 ± 61.99 days, and CI 444.47 ± 61.21 days, and the reproductive performances in AES DL-Forest were S/C 2.11 ± 0.62 times, DO 138.38 ± 47.18 days, and CI 419.86 ± 46.95 days.  The reproductive performances of AES DL-Forest were more efficient (P<0.05) than the AES DL-IRF. It was concluded that the reproductive performances in the three study locations, for the characters of reproductive value S/C and DO deviated from the ideal estimation, whereas the CI was around the ideal estimation.
Corporate Crime Liability towards Environmental Law in Indonesia [Pertanggungjawaban Kejahatan Korporasi terhadap Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia]
Authors: Handayani Emi Puasa , Wachid Hasyim Mochammad
Published: June 2020

Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management in addition to regulating environmental protection and management, also contains criminal provisions that can be imposed on corporation. Law regulates the existence of two types of legal subjects that can be subject to criminal sanctions, one of which are including companies or corporations as rechtpersoon. This study aims to determine the implementation of the Supreme Court Regulation Number 13 of 2016 concerning Procedures for Handling Criminal Acts by Corporations against cases of corporate crime, especially those relating to criminal acts in the environmental field. The type of research that will be conduct are normative legal research with the method of legislation approach and conceptual approach. Based on the research, the criminal responsibility doctrine used in the Law is corporate vicarious liability, individual vicarious liability and personal accountability of the perpetrator, while Supreme Court Regulation tends to Individual Vicarious Liability doctrine.
PERFORMANS ÖLÇÜMÜNDE ENTROPİ TEMELLİ ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: ALTİN Fatma Gul , YALÇINDAĞ Berna
Published: June 2020

Ekonomik, çevresel ve yasal zorunluluklar sonucunda tütün ve tütün ürünleri piyasasında şirketlerin kârlılıklarını korumaları performanslarıyla doğrudan ilişkili hale gelmiştir. Tütün ekim alanlarının azalmasıyla beraber girdi fiyatları artan üreticiler, talep daralması yaşamamak ve kârlılıklarını korumak için tedarik zinciri boyunca özellikle dağıtıcı ve satıcı performanslarını yakından takip etmek istemektedirler. Bu noktada performans ölçümünün sağlıklı olarak nasıl yapılacağı bir zorluk olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır ve gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Türkiye’de sigara içimine ilişkin konulan yasaklara rağmen sigara satışının gelecekte de önemli bir yere sahip olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada bir sigara distribütörünün 2006-2016 yılları arasında Batı Akdeniz Bölgesindeki sigara satışlarına ilişkin performansını değerlendirmek için ilçe sayısı, bayi sayısı, ürün çeşidi, satış geliri, satış miktarı, personel sayısı, araç sayısı ve net kâr kriterleri belirlenmiştir. Uygulamaya konu olan distribütörün performansı değerlendirilirken oldukça yaygın olarak kullanılan Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri’nden Entropi yöntemiyle kriter ağırlıkları hesaplanıp, MULTIMOORA, COPRAS ve WASPAS yöntemleriyle analizler yapılmıştır. Entropi yöntemiyle yapılan kriter ağırlıklandırılmasıyla en etkili kriterler sırasıyla satış miktarı ve net kâr olarak belirlenmiş olup, her üç yöntemin sonucuna göre distribütörün her yıl performansını arttırdığı ve en yüksek performansını 2016 yılında gösterdiği sonucu elde edilmiştir.
Progress in Performing Arts Medicine
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

The announcement last month that Medical Problems of Performing Artists will now be indexed in Medline/PubMed is truly an important development for the field of performing arts medicine. While many of us wish that this had happened sooner, we should all be proud of our combined efforts
that made it possible. In addition to the publisher Mike Bokulich, who has labored tirelessly to reach this goal, I also want to publicly thank (again) Alice Brandfonbrener, the founding editor of MPPA. Without her 20 year labor of love, we would not have been in a position to be included
in Medline now.
Artists and Athletes
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

Several articles in this issue touch on some of the more athletic components of the performing arts. The article by Twitchett et al. describes fitness aspects of ballet, Gabrilo et al. discuss lung function in synchronized swimmers, and we also learn about how one flutist prepared for
a very difficult piece by exercising (and practicing) in the letter by Borkowski. Of course, these are not the first articles in MPPA that look at performers as individuals who call on a variety of physical skills to create an artistic performance; examples of studies looking at both dancers
and musicians dating back nearly a decade or more are easy to find.
Qualitative Research in Performing Arts Medicine
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

The article by Guptill in this issue of MPPA presents the results of a type of research that has not been published to a great extent in the performing arts healthcare literature to date. Only a few articles that are based on qualitative research have been published in this journal.
The vast majority of original research published in this and other music and dance medicine journals (and indeed, most other biomedical journals) starts out with a specific hypothesis and then collects quantifiable data to prove or disprove the hypothesis; we can think of this traditional
approach as being quantitative research. ... While there is considerable ongoing debate about the role of qualitative research, I will attempt to give a broad overview of how it could be useful as we try to move the field of performing arts medicine forward.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 52
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: June 2020

Installment 52.
Injury Reporting Rates and Injury Concealment Patterns Differ Between High-school Cirque Performers and Basketball Players
Authors: Long Ashley S , Ambegaonkar Jatin P , Fahringer Patty M
Published: June 2020

The performing arts style of cirque has grown in popularity, with high-school participants increasingly practicing this style. Still, little research has examined the injury reporting rates and patterns in this population. Our study aimed to compare injury reporting rates and injury
concealment patterns between high-school cirque performers and a peer-group of basketball players. Methods: Fifty participants (30 cirque, 20 basketball) completed a 12-item injury history and concealment instrument with chi-squared analyses and Fisher’s exact tests comparing groups
(p = 0.05). Results: While no group differences (p = 0.36) existed in injuries reported, basketball players were more likely (p = 0.01) to miss participation due to injury than cirque performers. No significant difference existed between participants regarding which healthcare provider they
reported to first (p = 0.27), but basketball players reported their injuries to the athletic trainer at higher rates (50%) than cirque performers (20%). A nonsignificant trend (p = 0.08) was noted in promptness to report injury, with more cirque performers (13%) concealing their injuries than
basketball players (5%). Several reasons were noted for concealment of injury, with the most common being the belief that the injury would “go away” on its own. Knee injuries were most common in basketball players (23.7%) and back and knee injuries (10.5% each) in cirque performers.
Conclusions: Despite similar injury rates, cirque participants concealed injuries more than peer-basketball players. Reasons may include losing performance roles, unfamiliarity and low trust with healthcare providers, ignorance about initially minor-looking injuries, and higher pain tolerance
thresholds. Education and communication are essential to allow performing artists to seek healthcare support. Research is needed to appropriately understand and meet the needs of this underserved performing artist population.
Trigger Point Treatment with Radial Shock Waves in Musicians with Nonspecific Shoulder-Neck Pain: Data from a Special Physio Outpatient Clinic for Musicians
Authors: Damian Malika , Zalpour Christoff
Published: June 2020

Musicians often suffer from disorders of the musculoskeletal system that are related to their instrument playing. Among the most frequent symptoms are complaints in the shoulder-neck area. Radial shock wave therapy is increasingly used in trigger point treatment, but only few high-level
studies have examined of shock wave therapy used together with physical therapy in the treatment of musicians. METHODS: This randomized blinded study in musicians (n = 26) with nonspecific shoulder-neck problems was done to examine the effect of shock wave therapy in addition to current physical
therapy on the symptoms and quality of life of the musicians as well as their habits of playing musical instruments (intervention group shock wave vs reference group placebo). The effects were documented by a pain VAS and other instruments. A questionnaire designed specifically for musicians
(with initial and final questions) recorded intensity and manifestation of pain and handicaps in daily life, especially when practicing and playing. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the Neck Pain Disability Index Questionnaire (NPDIQ) were also used. RESULTS: Both groups
reported subjective improvement in pain, but significance was found only for the intervention group for the SPADI and NPDIQ. CONCLUSIONS: Trigger point treatment with radial shock wave used in combination with physical therapy makes the subjects feel temporarily relieved of neck and shoulder
pains. The effects of radial shock wave without physical therapy will need to be examined in further studies.
Livelihood vs. Life: The Occupational Well-Being of Women Musician Survivors of Breast Cancer
Authors: Schmalenberger Sarah , Gessert Charles E , Giebenhain Jean E , Starr Lisa D
Published: June 2020

The Life and Livelihood Study was designed to describe and understand the experience of women musicians treated for breast cancer. This report focuses on Phase I of the study, a web-based survey that examined subjects’ physical symptoms and side effects following breast cancer
treatment. Subjects were recruited nationally, using advertisements in musicians’ publications and presentations at national meetings. Subjects were asked about specific side effects or symptoms they had experienced, their severity and duration, and the effects of symptoms on their capacity
to make music. Subjects were also asked what aspect of their breast cancer treatment they associated with each symptom and were invited to provide comments. A total of 321 individuals logged on: 100 met all inclusion criteria. Of these, 90 completed the entire survey. Commonly reported symptoms
included fatigue (70%), problems with cognition (53%), limitations in upper body movement (51%), and pain (45%). Many reported that their symptoms were of moderate or greater intensity, and that they persisted for >12 months or were ongoing. The survey documented that many subjects experienced
diminished capacity to function as musicians, especially due to pain, limitations in upper body and extremity movement, numbness in the chest and/or arms, contracture/fibrosis, and shortness of breath. These findings are consistent with emerging studies that describe long-term effects of breast
cancer treatments. In planning for breast cancer treatment, rehabilitation and survivorship, consideration should be given to how treatment is likely to affect fitness for ongoing professional work.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 54
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: June 2020

The first five reviewed articles contain some interesting contrasts and comparisons of the effects of music and dance training and participation on both young and mature performing populations. The salutary effects of such training on maintaining cognitive skills while aging is especially
important to any senior performer, an impetus to “keep on keepin’ on.” Installment 54.
The Psychology of Music Performance Anxiety. By Dianna T. Kenny.
Authors: Levy Jacob J
Published: June 2020

The Psychology of Music Performance Anxiety. By Dianna T. Kenny. Published by Oxford University Press, Oct 2011, 376 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-958614-1.
The Role of Rest
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

The article by Haben in this issue of Medical Problems of Performing Artists describes one expert clinician’s approach to the use of rest in treating voice problems in singers. In the absence of well-designed randomized controlled trials of voice rest for various vocal problems
(and little in the way of other research on the topic), expert opinion is the best guidance available. Performing artists of all types have to make decisions on a daily basis about how to balance practicing and performing versus resting and recovering from those activities.
Core Stability: Implications for Dance Injuries
Authors: Rickman Ashley M , Ambegaonkar Jatin P , Cortes Nelson
Published: June 2020

Dancers experience a high incidence of injury due to the extreme physical demands of dancing. The majority of dance injuries are chronic in nature and occur in the lower extremities and low back. Researchers have indicated decreased core stability (CS) as a risk factor for these injuries.
Although decreased CS is suggested to negatively affect lower extremity joint motion and lumbar control during activity, this relationship has not been extensively discussed in previous dance literature. Understanding the relationship between CS and injury risk is important to help reduce
dance injury incidence and improve performance. The purposes of this review were to discuss 1) the core and components of CS, 2) the relationship between CS and injury, 3) CS assessment techniques, and 4) future dance CS research areas. CS is the integration of passive (non-contractile), active
(contractile), and neural structures to minimize the effects of external forces and maintain stability. CS is maintained by a combination of muscle power, strength, endurance, and sensory-motor control of the lumbopelvic-hip complex. CS assessments include measuring muscle strength and power
using maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic contractions and measuring endurance using the Biering-Sorensen, plank, and lateral plank tests. Measuring sensory-motor control requires specialized equipment (e.g., balance platforms). Overall, limited research has comprehensively examined
all components of CS together and their relationships to injury. Rather, previous researchers have separately examined core power, strength, endurance, or sensory-motor control. Future researchers should explore the multifactorial role of CS in reducing injury risk and enhancing performance
in dancers.
One-Handed Musicians—More Than a Gimmick
Authors: Woldendorp KH , van Gils W
Published: June 2020

There are many musicians with acquired limitations in making music, and there are many people with a disability who would like to play a music instrument in a modified way. There is discouragingly little information about this topic in literature. This article gives an overview of “making
music in a modified way.” It focuses on the possibilities for musicians with one-handed functionality to overcome problems with regards to their physical condition, insufficient muscle strength, or missing parts of the upper extremity. Five categories of possibilities for the functional
one-handed musicians are described: 1) one-hand reconstructed instruments, 2) one-hand compositions, 3) adaptations of the instrument for the other hand, 4) prostheses to make it possible to play with both hands/arms, and 5) other techniques which enable the use of the leg(s). The solutions
described make clear that playing music in an adaptive way requires an interdisciplinary approach. The purpose of this article is to inform, and to inspire, the healthcare professional about the many possibilities for functional one-handed musicians.
Eating Behavior and Nutrition Knowledge among Musical Theatre Students
Authors: Vitzthum Karin , Endres Eva , Koch Franziska , Groneberg David A , Quarcoo David , Wanke Eileen , Mache Stefanie
Published: June 2020

Eating is a central part in human (social) life. Athletic performance and physical attractiveness are linked to appropriate nutritional behavior, especially for performing artists. Eating behavior and nutrition knowledge have not been examined in musical theatre students so far, which
this study aims to analyze. We administered a cross-sectional questionnaire study to 37 musical theatre students. Results for the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) showed non-pathological values for 92% of all participants, but 81% of participants answered correctly on only
30-59% of questions on the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ). Our study results reveal the need for specific nutritional knowledge transfer programs for this target group.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 58
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: June 2020

Installment 58.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Professional Symphony Orchestra Musicians in Greece: A Pilot Study Concerning Age, Gender, and Instrument-Specific Results
Authors: Fotiadis Dimosthenis G , Fotiadou Eleni G , Kokaridas Dimitrios G , Mylonas Argyrios C
Published: June 2020

This study was designed to investigate the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders among musicians in a professional-level symphony orchestra in Greece. The sample consisted of 147 musicians (97 men, 50 women) of the Athens and Thessaloniki State Symphony Orchestra. The mean age of the
musicians was 38.97 years (range 24 to 67, SD 9.68), while the years of experience in the orchestra ranged from 1 to 35 (mean 14.2, SD 8.47). The data were collected with the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, which records the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders. Our results showed a very
high percentage (81.6%) of the musicians had suffered at least once, during their professional career, some kind of musculoskeletal disorder that was associated with pain or discomfort and was directly related to their profession. More than two-thirds of the musicians had also suffered a problem
in the hand and neck areas during the last 12 months. Musculoskeletal disorders appeared to be related to gender, age, kind of instrument played, and duration of rehearsing/performing, along with previous experience. In summary, there is a high frequency of injury among professional-level
musicians in Greece reported in our study, highlighting the obvious need to develop prevention programs.
Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Indian Tabla Players
Authors: Mishra Wricha , De Amitabha , Gangopadhyay Somnath , Chandra Ananga M
Published: June 2020

Playing a percussion instrument demands great force and effort, which may make percussionists prone to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). Of all of the percussion instruments in India, tabla is the most popular. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence
of discomforts among professional tabla players. Eighty-five professional tabla players voluntarily participated in the study. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and visual analog scale (VAS) were administered to all the participants. Demographic details, music-related activities,
and symptoms of discomfort were also recorded. It was found that prone anatomical areas were the low back, right shoulder, neck, left shoulder, upper back, and knees. The frequency of discomfort was found to be mostly weekly for the shoulders and monthly for neck, low back, and knees. There
was an association between visual analog scale and prevalence of self-reported discomforts in some body parts. It can be said that the prolonged, unsupported, folded-knee sitting posture may be the cause of discomforts.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 59
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: June 2020

Installment 59.
Certification in Performing Arts Medicine
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

The idea of specialty certification in performing arts medicine (or performing arts healthcare) has been discussed for a long time among professionals in the field. An article by Pascarelli and Bishop published nearly 20 years ago mentioned the perceived need for certification and some
of the obstacles to creating it. The Performing Arts Medicine Association (PAMA) took a step in this direction at the 31st Annual Symposium on the Medical Problems of Performing Artists by offering a preconference workshop, “The Essentials of Performing Arts Medicine Course: From Classroom
to Stage.” This full-day educational session was attended by several dozen performing arts medicine professionals and led by experts from several disciplinary backgrounds in both music and dance. While PAMA has no plan in place currently to offer specialty certification in performing
arts medicine, educational offerings such as this one are often part of the requirements to become certified in an interdisciplinary specialty area.
Nutrition and Nutritional Issues for Dancers
Authors: Sousa Mónica , Carvalho Pedro , Moreira Pedro , Teixeira Vitor H
Published: June 2020

Proper nutrition, not simply adequate energetic intake, is needed to achieve optimal dance performance. However, little scientific research exists concerning nutrition in dance, and so, to propose nutritional guidelines for this field, recommendations need to be based mainly on studies
done in other physically active groups. To diminish the risk of energy imbalance and associated disorders, dancers must consume at least 30 kcal/kg fat-free mass/day, plus the training energy expenditure. For macronutrients, a daily intake of 3 to 5 g carbohydrates/kg, 1.2 to 1.7 g protein/kg,
and 20 to 35% of energy intake from fat can be recommended. Dancers may be at increased risk of poor micronutrient status due to their restricted energy intake; micronutrients that deserve concern are iron, calcium, and vitamin D. During training, dancers should give special attention to fluid
and carbohydrate intake in order to maintain optimal cognition, motivation, and motor skill performance. For competition/stage performance preparation, it is also important to ensure that an adequate dietary intake is being achieved. Nutritional supplements that may help in achieving specific
nutritional goals when dietary intake is inadequate include multivitamins and mineral, iron, calcium, and vitamin D supplements, sports drinks, sports bars, and liquid meal supplements. Caffeine can also be used as an ergogenic aid. It is important that dancers seek dietary advice from qualified
specialists, since the pressure to maintain a low body weight and low body fat levels is high, especially in styles as ballet, and this can lead to an unbalanced diet and health problems if not correctly supervised.
The Popular and the “Proper” Performing Arts
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

The two articles on the health of marching band musicians and the one on Irish traditional musicians in this issue of the journal are the most recent examples of research on the health of performing artists who participate in non-classical art forms. While it may not be easy for everyone
to agree on the definitions of classical (or, more broadly, “art”) versus popular music (or dance), that hasn’t stopped scholars from trying. The point of this editorial is not to debate the relative merits of art music or dance with popular music or dance—each art
form has its passionate practitioners and supporters, some of whom do all the debating that is needed. What I will try to do is to review how much attention we have paid to the more popular art forms as the field of performing arts medicine has evolved over the last three decades.
EFFECTIVENESS OF COMICS ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Panjaitan Ruqiah Ganda Putri , Ningsih Kurnia , Novi Novi
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of comics on students' learning outcomes. The research population is students of eight grades. This research is a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The determination of the research sample used the intact group technique. The average of students' learning outcomes in the experimental class, which is using comic is 15.29 while the control class, which is using PowerPoint is 11.90, and the value of effect size is 1.56. The learning by using comics is sufficient to increase the students' learning outcomes.
Development of a Database of Coagulazonrgative Staphylococcus Strains, Circulating in Hospitals of Different Profiles
Authors: Kryazhev D. V. , Belyaeva E. V. , Ermolina G. B. , Boriskina E. V. , Kolesnikova E. A. , Speranskaya E. V. , Brusnigina N. F.
Published: June 2020

Object of development: database «Strains of coagulase-negative staphylococcus, persisting in hospitals of different profile».

The purpose of the study: inclusion of modern information technologies in the system of epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of infections caused by ecovars of coagulasenegative staphylococcus circulating in Nizhny Novgorod. Methodology: source data was converted into a set of related tables and organized into a hierarchical two-tier database. The database contains information about 1045 strains, circulated in hospitals of different profile of Nizhny Novgorod. To form a sample describing of clinical, epidemiological and phenotypic characteristics of strains requests are made. As a result of the query, a table is formed, where each line corresponds to one strain and contains information about the date, source and location of the recovery, the phenotype of antibiotic and phage resistance, the presence of the mecA gene, as well as sensitivity to different classes of disinfectants and the ability to form biofilm. The database is refillable. It was created using Microsoft Office Access with a standard application package. The database includes 17 queries and 14 tables. Type of implementing computer: IBM PC-compatible PC. View and version of the database management system: Access 2002 and later. Operating system version: Windows 7 and later. The developed database allows searching and processing of epidemiologically significant information about strains of coagulaze-negative staphylococcus.

The application of the database is to improve the microbiological monitoring system in epidemiological surveillance of healthcare-associated infections.
Gestão de serviços pós-covid: o que se pode aprender com o setor de turismo e viagens?
Authors: Coelho Mariana de Freitas , Mayer Verônica Feder
Published: June 2020

O turismo é um setor altamente afetado pela pandemia e requer a implementação de mudanças com grande agilidade. Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o que se pode aprender com a gestão de negócios turísticos, ao apresentar alguns dos principais temas que relacionam os impactos da Covid-19 com a gestão de serviços turísticos. São utilizadas duas abordagens metodológicas complementares: a) levantamento bibliográfico de artigos acadêmicos sobre Covid-19 e turismo; b) coleta sistemática de relatórios, artigos de especialistas do setor e documentos de associações de classe. Tais materiais foram analisados por meio de uma análise de conteúdo com o software Nvivo. Quatro grandes dimensões surgiram sobre a gestão de serviços turísticos pós-covid: gestão de processos, gestão de instalações e capacidade, gestão de pessoas e gestão das interações com clientes. Tais temas podem ser explorados em pesquisas futuras como forma de trazer esclarecimentos sobre a gestão de negócios em geral e de negócios turísticos em particular.
A univariable and multivariable analysis of right censored time-to-event data based on restricted mean survival time: A combination with traditional survival methods.
Authors: Huang Qiao , Lyv Jun , Li Bing-hui , Ma Lin-lu , Deng Tong , Zeng Xian-Tao
Published: June 2020

Background: Many traditional survival analyses and restricted mean survival time (RMST) based analyses have been proposed for dealing with right censored time-to-event data. It is necessary to sort out the conditions and relationship among these methods for instruction. Comparison between hazard ratio (HR) and RMST in a study may promote appropriate understanding and application of the two effect measures.Method : Traditional survival analyses and RMST-based analyses were integrated into a flowchart and applied for univariable and multivariable analyses, RMST-based analyses included group comparison for difference in RMST, pseudo-value (PV) regressions, inverse probability of censoring probability (IPCW) regressions with group-specific weights and individual weights with homogeneity of censoring mechanism assumption. 4405 osteosarcomas were captured from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program Database. HR and difference in RMST (survival time lost or gain, STL or STG) were considered as effect measures and the effect of all included covariates on overall survival were reported for comparison. The relationship between difference in RMST and HR were explored when proportional hazard (PH) assumption was and was not met, respectively. Results: In group comparison and univariable regressions, using difference in RMST calculated by Kaplan-Meier methods as reference, PV regressions (R2=0.99) and IPCW regressions with group-specific weights (R2=1.00) provided more consistent estimation on difference in RMST than IPCW with individual weights (R2=0.09). In multivariable analysis, age (HR:1.03, STL: 3.86 months), diagnosis in 1970~1980s (HR:1.39 STL:27.49 months), metastasis (HR:4.47, STL: 202 months), surgery (HR:0.58, SLG:35.55 months) and radiation (HR:1.46, SLT:44.65 months) met PH assumption and were main independent factors for overall survival. In both univariable and multivariable variables, a robust negative logarithmic linear relationship between HRs estimated by Cox regression and differences in RMST by pseudo-value regressions was only observed when PH assumption was hold. Conclusion: The flowchart may be intuitive and helpful to instruct appropriate use of RMST based and traditional methods. PH assumption and homogeneity of censoring mechanism assumption will determine the appropriate selection of these method. HR and difference in RMST can be reported comprehensively.
Characterization of tumor microenvironment and Immune infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: wu zenghong , cheng qing
Published: June 2020

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is a frequent malignant tumor of the head and neck. Most HNSCC arise in the lip, oral cavity, paranasal sinuses, oropharynx, larynx, nasopharynx, and the pharynx. HNSCC is a heterogeneous disease entity, and the role of immune cells in HNSCC, particularly in immunotherapy has not yet been extensively studied. Method: In this study, we applied CIBERSORT to infer the infiltration of 22 subsets of TIICs using gene expression data. This was to determine the relationship of the immune subpopulation, patients’ survival, function, and expression differences to reveal potential targets and biomarkers for immunotherapy. Results: Somatic mutations were the most common and the variant classification was missense mutation. The most common DNA sequence polymorphism type was SNP and the most common single nucleotide variants (SNV) class was C>T. The median number of variants per sample was 78 in HNSCC patients. The top 10 mutated genes related to TMB were TP53, TTN, FAT1, MUC16, CDKN2A, CSMD3, SYNE1, LRP1B, NOTCH1, and PIK3CA. We portrayed the immune scene in detail, uncovering the awesome immune infiltration styles of various subtypes in HNSCC. Conclusion: The intricate connection between TIIC, TMB, and genomic alterations was additionally set up. Our paintings advance the information of immune response and offer significant assets for research to enhance immunotherapy.
Both A-to-G and C-to-T base editing in human cells with dual base editor (A&C-BEmax)
Authors: Zhu Biyun , Zhang Xiaohui , Chen Liang , Wang Liren , Li Dali
Published: June 2020

As promising genome editing tools, cytidine (CBEs) and adenosine base editors (ABEs) efficiently catalyze C•G to T•A and A•T to G•C conversions, respectively. However, CBEs or ABEs only generate single type of nucleotide conversions, which limits the sequence diversity of edited site and therapeutic applications at certain circumstances. A dual base editor(A&C-BEmax) has been developed to achieve both C•G to T•A and A•T to G•C mutations through fusion of cytidine and adenosine deaminases to Cas9n. In this protocol, we demonstrate the generation of diverse point mutations, including a simultaneous -113A-to-G and -114C-to-T conversions, in the hemoglobin gamma (HBG) gene promoter region in HUDEP-2 cells through A&C-BEmax with a single sgRNA, leading to reactivation of γ-globin for the potential treatment of β-hemoglobinopathy. A&C-BEmax is a valuable tool not only for dissecting the function of genomic sequence at a single base resolution but also for the therapeutics of genetic disorders. This step-by-step protocol is related to the publication “Dual base editor catalyzes both cytidine and adenine base conversions in human cells” in Nature Biotechnology.
Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into seed germination in herbicide resistance Polypogon fugax
Authors: Yu Xiaoyue , Tang Wei , Yang Yongjie , Zhang Jianping , Lu Yongliang
Published: June 2020

Background

Herbicide resistant mutations are predicted to exhibit fitness cost under herbicide-free conditions. Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) is a common weed species in the winter crops. Our previous study established a P. fugax accession (LR) resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides. Besides, LR also exhibited fitness cost, like lower germination, relative to the sensitive plants (LS). But little is known about the gene expression profile of seed germination process in herbicide resistance P.fugax.
Results

The maximum germination (gMAX) of LS reached 94%, while that of LR was 52%. Exogenous gibberellin and abscisic acid synthesis inhibitor fluridone could break the dormancy of LR, increasing gMAX to 78% and 94%, respectively. A comparative transcriptome was conducted to analyze the genes expression profile of LS and LR at two germination time points. A total of 11,856 and 23,123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in LS and LR at two time points. Most of DEGs were involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Four genes related to GA biosynthesis and signal transduction showed higher expression in LS and five genes related to ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction showed higher expression in LR during germination. Twenty-four genes involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway and fatty acid metabolism had higher expression levels in LS than LR during germination.
Conclusions

Our results indicated that GA biosynthesis and transduction, carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism was more actively expressed in LS plants, resulting in stronger germination ability of LS relative to LR. The highly expressed genes in ABA biosynthesis and transduction contribute to maintain the seed dormancy of LR plants. This study provided new insight into transcriptional changes and interaction in seed germination process of P. fugax, and compared the differential expression profile between the herbicides resistant and sensitive plants during seed germination.
Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in endothelial cells under low shear stress
Authors: Ren Peile , Zhao Yiwei , Zhang Daifang , Shinge Shafiu Adam U , Yu Fengxu , Nie Yongmei
Published: June 2020

Background: Shear stress (SS) affects the morphology, proliferation, differentiation and migration of endothelial cells, and regulates protein expression.Methods: This study aims to conduct a proteomic analysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under low SS. HUVECs were cultured on glass slides (test group n=30; control group n=30) and transferred to parallel-plate flow chamber. The test group was subjected to low SS at 4.58 dyne/cm2 for 2 hours, and the control group was maintained under static conditions. Approximately 2´107 cells were collected from each group and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The protein from each spot were identified by mass spectrometry. The biological functions and processes associated with the identified proteins were evaluated using the NCBInr, SwissProt, and DAVID databases. The protein expression of 14-3-3 proteins, annexin I, annexin II, zyxin, filamin A, filamin B, Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran), and talin were assessed by Western blotting.Results: A total of 234 proteins were analyzed; 14 proteins were upregulated and 78 were downregulated in the test group compared with the control group. The expression of 14-3-3 proteins, annexin I, annexin II, zyxin, filamin A, and filamin B was significantly decreased, whereas the expression of Ran and talin was significantly increased in the test group.Conclusion: The current results provide evidence that SS changes the protein profile of HUVECs.
Novel Surveillance of Occupational Injury Powered by Machine Learning Using Chief Complaint at Emergency Triage
Authors: Weng Ting-Chia , Wei Yu-Ting , Chan Tsung-Yu , Chen Wen-Chau , Chen Ming-Hong , Wang Jung-Der , Li Chung-I , Kuo Yau-Chang
Published: June 2020

Background: Underreporting of occupational injuries remains a global health issue, and warrants social awareness. To assist surveillance of occupational injuries, we developed an automatic screening model using chief complaint at emergency department to improve detection and reporting of occupational injuries.Methods: A total of 181,843 emergency visits aged 15 to 65 year-old were included at a medical center in Taiwan from April, 2015 to March, 2018. The retrospective cohort composed of 9,307 cases of occupational injuries and 172,536 controls. We applied the first 30 months as training dataset, and the following 6 months for prospective testing. Natural Language Processing (NLP) was applied to analyze patients’ chief complaints. The sentences were processed by JiebaR, a Chinese text segmentation technique, reviewed by two occupational physicians, and transformed by a word-embedding model using Glove. Logistic regression was conducted to predict suspected cases of occupational injuries.Results: The prediction model using the chief complaint alone can achieve an overall AUC of 0.936 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.931 to 0.941], with high sensitivity (93.1%, 95% CI: 91.8 to 94.4) and adequate specificity (84.8%, 95% CI: 84.4 to 85.2). Patients in the most urgent or severe conditions showed the highest accuracy around 90%. We also observed increasing trends of referral to specialists of occupational medicine, and reimbursement rate.Conclusions: Interdepartmental coordination and integration of machine learning may augment the detection of occupational injuries at the emergency triage and improve the reporting, compensation, and prevention of occupational injuries.Contributions to the literaturel This novel surveillance powered by supervised machine learning can help to identify occupational injuries at the emergency triage, and it achieves 93.1% sensitivity and 84.8% specificity.l Along with the system implementation, there are trends of increasing reimbursement rate in the National Labor Insurance and increasing case referrals to specialists of occupational medicine.l Combining the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with conventional medical information, such as chief complaints, may provide an effective surveillance system for occupational injuries at hospitals. l Effective screening of labors who suffer from occupational injuries will promote Total Worker Health.