bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gases’ inventory control – carbon policy – competitiveness
Authors: Yazykov Sergey Alekseevich
Published: July 2016

The paper analyzes the inventory control of the emission of greenhouse gases in the Sverdlovsk Region, and defines the emission trends. The relevance of such analysis is emphasized by the fact that the situation in the Sverdlovsk Region may be the same as in other industrial regions or in Russia in general. The paper determines the key emitting industrial facilities. The authors analyzed the current situation with low-carbon development in Russia, and revealed its relation to the competitiveness of both of the country and of the specific economic entities.
Avaliação da implementação da Educação Sexual em contexto escolar, na região do Algarve – A perspetiva de atores educativos responsáveis pela Educação para a Saúde/Educação Sexual
Authors: Paulos Liliana , Valadas Sandra T.
Published: July 2016

O presente estudo assume-se como um estudo de caso, insere-se no paradigma interpretativo/qualitativo e pretendeu avaliar a implementação da Educação Sexual (ES) no Algarve. Realizaram-se entrevistas semidiretivas a oito coordenadores da Educação para a Saúde (EpS)/ES e a um diretor de agrupamento de escolas (AE). Os resultados indicaram que a ES foi integrada nos projetos educativos de todos os AE, sendo que os AE situados em concelhos com menos residentes apresentaram um percurso mais próximo das recomendações da lei. Foram nomeados professores-coordenadores para a EpS/ES e apenas um AE não tem o gabinete de apoio a funcionar. A disciplina de Ciências Naturais foi identificada como sendo a mais interveniente na ES. O aumento e a consolidação dos conhecimentos foram objetivos privilegiados numa vertente de prevenção. O pouco apoio do Ministério da Educação e Ciência e a falta de formação, de experiência e de à-vontade dos docentes nesta área foram apontados como limitações no processo de implementação da ES.
DUARTE, ISABEL & FIGUEIREDO, OLÍVIA (ORG.) (2011). Português, língua e ensino. Porto: Universidade do Porto Editorial
Authors: Da Silva António Carvalho
Published: July 2016

Esta obra, publicada pela Universidade do Porto, surge assim justificada na contracapa: "O ensino do Português enquanto Língua Materna tem estado, nos últimos anos, sob forte escrutínio público, sendo várias as polémicas que atravessam o seu espaço.
La formación musical del profesorado especialista en los CEIP gallegos
Authors: Fernández Rocío Chao , Vázquez Mª Dorinda Mato , Pena Vicente López
Published: July 2016

A formação de professores é uma das preocupações dos países que lideramos resultados do relatório PISA, já que a qualificação dos docentes não confirma a sua eficácia como profissionais nem a qualidade do seu trabalho. A escassa formação musical dos alunos que acedem nos últimos anos avárias Faculdades de Educação da Galiza levou-nos a analisar as causas e, consequentemente, analisar a formação dos professores responsáveis pelo ensino de música nas escolas primárias (CEIP). Foi aplicado um questionário a uma amostra de 124 professores, dos quais 112 pertencem a escolas públicas e 12 a privadas. Os resultados podem ajudar os profissionais a melhorar e dirigir de forma diferente a sua ação educativa.
HUBUNGAN MUTU GURU, KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH, DAN STATUS EKONOMI GURU DENGAN KINERJA GURU SD KECAMATAN SURALAGA LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Yazid Muh. , Abdul Jabar Cepi Safruddin
Published: July 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara mutu guru dengan kinerja guru, hubungan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dengan kinerja guru, hubungan status  ekonomi (SE) guru dengan kinerja guru, dan hubungan bersama-sama antara mutu guru, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, dan SE guru dengan kinerja guru di Kecamatan Suralaga, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan korelasional. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada hubungan yang  positif dan signifikan antara mutu guru dengan kinerja guru, nilai koefisien r sebesar 0.446, koefisien r2 sebesar 0.199, besar sumbangan sebesar 19.9 % dan p (signifikan) sebesar 0.000; (2) ada hubungan yang positif  dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dengan kinerja guru, nilai koefisien R sebesar 0.569, koefisien R2 sebesar 0.323, besar sumbangan 32.3% dan p (signifikan) sebesar 0.006; (3) ada hubungan yang positif  dan signifikan antara SE dengan kinerja guru, nilai koefisien r sebesar 0.214 sedangkan koefisien R2 sebesar 0.046; besar sumbangan 4.6% dan nilai p (signifikan) sebesar 0.014; (4) ada hubungan positif dan signifikan antara mutu guru, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan SE dengan kinerja guru, nilai korelasi R sebesar 0.769, koefisien r2 sebesar 0.591, besar sumbangan 59.1% dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0.001.

Kata Kunci: mutu, kepemimpinan, SE, dan kinerja
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN HITUNG BILANGAN BULAT MELALUI METODE ELECTRICAL CHARGES PADA SISWA KELAS V SD
Authors: Muginah Muginah , Widjajanti Djamilah Bondan
Published: July 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan hitung bilangan bulat dengan model electrical charges pada siswa kelas V SD 1 Kadipiro, Kasihan, Bantul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tidakan kelas (PTK), yang terdiri atas dua siklus. Setiap siklus mengikuti tahapan-tahapan Model Kemmis dan Taggart yang meliputi: perencanaan, tindakan dan observasi, refleksi. Kriteria keberhasilan penelitian diukur dari (1) nilai rata-rata kelas minimal 70, (2) minimal 80% siswa telah mencapai KKM yang ditetapkan yaitu 65, dan (3) minimal 80% siswa memberikan respon terhadap pembelajaran dalam kategori baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model Electrical Charges dapat meningkatkan keterampilan operasi hitung bilangan bulat. Hal itu terbukti dari tercapainya semua kriteria keberhasilan yang ditetapkan dalam penelitian. Di antaranya (1) hasil tes menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kelas 73,6 (2) persentase siswa yang mencapai nilai KKM yang ditetapkan sekolah sebesar 91%, dan (3) respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran operasi bilangan bulat dengan model Electrical Charges100% dalam kategori baik.

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IMPROVING INTEGER OPERATION SKILLS WITH ELECTRICAL CHARGES MODEL OF FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research is to improve the integer operation skills using the electrical charges model in the fifth grade students of SD 1 Kadipiro, Kasihan, Bantul. This research is a classroom action research of two cycles. Each cycle follows the stages in Kemmis and Taggart model including: planning, action and observation, and reflection. The criteria of success were (1) the averages of test scores increased, (2) minimum 80% students exceeded the minimum achievement criterion, and (3) the criteria of the students’ responses to learning integer were in a good category (80%). The results show that the use of the electrical charges model can improve the integer operation skill. The criteria of this research can be achieved: (1) the average of the test results are 73,6, (2) the percentage of the students who exceed the minimum achievement criterion is 91%, and (3) 100% of students responses to learning activities are in good criteria.
 Keywords: operation skill, integer, electrical charges model.
KESIAPAN GURU SD DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK-INTEGRATIF PADA KURIKULUM 2013 DI DIY
Authors: Wangid Muhammad Nur , Mustadi Ali , Erviana Vera Yuli , Arifin Slamet
Published: July 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesiapan guru Sekolah Dasar (SD) dalam menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 khususnya dalam pembelajaran tematik-integratif di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian survei. Populasi penelitian adalah guru kelas I dan IV yang terdapat di wilayah DIY. Jumlah sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 182 guru SD yang berasal dari 49 SD negeri dan 15 SD swasta yang dijadikan pilot project berdasarkan data dari Kemdikbud DIY. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa persentase kesiapan guru SD di DIY dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran tematik-integratif pada Kurikulum 2013 sebesar 75,85% (siap), dilihat dari aspek kesiapan yaitu aspek Behavioral Readiness diperoleh persentase sebesar 80% (sangat siap), aspek Emotive-Ettitudinal sebesar 78,39% (sangat siap) dan aspek Cognitive Readiness sebesar 71,18% (siap). Sedangkan kesiapan guru SD di setiap kabupaten diperoleh hasil persentase sebagai berikut: Sleman 76,13% (sangat siap), Yogyakarta 78,72% (sangat siap), Bantul 73,16% (siap), Gunungkidul 75,54% (siap), dan Kulon Progo 75,42% (siap).

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THE STUDY ON THE ELEMANTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS READINESS IN IMPLEMENTING THEMATIC-INTEGRATIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN CURRICULUM 2013, YOGYAKARTA

ABSTRACT

This study aims to describe the readiness of elementary school teachers in implementing curriculum 2013, based on thematic-integrative learning in Yogyakarta Province. This is a survey study. The research population were elemantary school teachers of class I and IV in DIY. The research sample consisted of 289 elemantary school teachers from 49 public schools and 15 private elementary schools which used as pilot project based on the data from Kemdikbud. The result shows that the percentage of elementary school teachers readiness in to implementing thematic-integrative learning is 75.85% (ready): the precentage of readiness behavioral aspects is 80% (well prepared), emotive ettitudinal aspect is 78.39% (well prepared) and cognitive readiness aspects is 71.18% (ready). While the readiness of elementary school teachers in each district are follows: Sleman 76.13% in the category of (well prepared), Yogyakarta 78.72% in the category of (well prepared), Bantul 73.16% in the category of (ready), Gunungkidul 75.54% in the category of (prepared ), and Kulon Progo 75.42% in the category of (ready).
 Keywords: Elemantary school teachers readiness, thematic-integrative, kurikulum 2013
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Authors: - -
Published: July 2016

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Csak a név változott...
Authors: Kapás Judit
Published: July 2016

Az intézményi közgazdaságtan vezető nemzetközi társasága, az International Society for New Institutional Economics (ISNIE) éves konferenciáját 2015-ben a patinás Harvard Egyetem Law School-jában tartotta. A rendezvény színvonala méltó volt a helyszín rangjához. Mint minden évben, ezúttal is az intézményi közgazdaságtan legjobb kutatói mutatták be eredményeiket, rendkívül izgalmas és inspiratív szellemi környezetet teremtve. A sorban immár 19. konferencia minden tekintetben megerősítette az ISNIE nagyon erős gyökereit, melyet a társaság első, Nobel-díjas elnökei, Ronald H. Coase, Douglass C. North és Oliver E. Williamson irányítása alatt sikerült nagyon mélyre növeszteni, majd az őket követő kiváló elnökök alatt oldal irányba is fejleszteni, azaz új irányokat is elterjeszteni.
Preventing Diabetes: Early Versus Late Preventive Interventions
Authors: Tuomilehto Jaakko , Schwarz Peter E.H.
Published: July 2016

There are a number of arguments in support of early measures for the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as for concepts and strategies at later intervention stages. Diabetes prevention is achievable when implemented in a sustainable manner. Sustainability within a T2D prevention program is more important than the actual point in time or disease process at which prevention activities may start. The quality of intervention, as well as its intensity, should vary with the degree of the identified T2D risk. Nevertheless, preventive interventions should start as early as possible in order to allow a wide variety of relatively low- and moderate-intensity programs. The later the disease risk is identified, the more intensive the intervention should be. Public health interventions for diabetes prevention represent an optimal model for early intervention. Late interventions will be targeted at people who already have significant pathophysiological derangements that can be considered steps leading to the development of T2D. These derangements may be difficult to reverse, but the worsening of dysglycemia may be halted, and thus the clinical onset of T2D can be delayed.
Elective gastropexy with a reusable single-incision laparoscopic surgery port in dogs: 14 cases (2012–2013)
Authors: Stiles Mandy , Case J. Brad , Coisman James
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE To describe the technique, clinical findings, and short-term outcome in dogs undergoing laparoscopic-assisted incisional gastropexy with a reusable single-incision surgery port.

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 14 client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs referred for elective laparoscopic gastropexy between June 2012 and August 2013 were reviewed. History, signalment, results of physical examination and preoperative laboratory testing, surgical procedure, duration of surgery, postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, and short-term outcome were recorded. All patients underwent general anesthesia and were positioned in dorsal recumbency. After an initial limited laparoscopic exploration, single-incision laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy was performed extracorporeally in all dogs via a conical port placed in a right paramedian location. Concurrent procedures included laparoscopic ovariectomy (n = 4), gastric biopsy (2), and castration (7). Short-term outcome was evaluated.

RESULTS Median duration of surgery was 76 minutes (range, 40 to 90 minutes). Intraoperative complications were minor and consisted of loss of pneumoperitoneum in 2 of 14 dogs. A postoperative surgical site infection occurred in 1 dog and resolved with standard treatment. Median duration of follow-up was 371 days (range, 2 weeks to 1.5 years). No dogs developed gastric dilation–volvulus during the follow-up period, and all owners were satisfied with the outcome.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that single-incision laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy with a reusable conical port was feasible and effective in appropriately selected cases. Investigation of the potential benefits of this reusable port versus single-use devices for elective gastropexy in dogs is warranted.
Use of a laparoscopic specimen retrieval pouch to facilitate removal of intact or fragmented cystic calculi from standing sedated horses: 8 cases (2012–2015)
Authors: Katzman Scott A. , Vaughan Betsy , Nieto Jorge E. , Galuppo Larry D.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of a laparoscopic specimen retrieval pouch for removal of intact or fragmented cystic calculi from standing horses.

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 8 horses (5 geldings and 3 mares) with cystic calculi.

PROCEDURES Physical examination and cystoscopic, ultrasonographic, and hematologic evaluations of urinary tract function were performed for each horse. A diagnosis of cystic calculus was made on the basis of results of cystoscopy and ultrasonography. Concurrent urolithiasis or other urinary tract abnormalities identified during preoperative evaluation were recorded. Horses were sedated and placed in standing stocks, and the perineum was aseptically prepared. Direct access to the urinary bladder was gained in geldings via perineal urethrotomy or in mares by a transurethral approach. Calculi were visualized endoscopically, manipulated into the retrieval pouch, and removed intact or fragmented (for larger calculi).

RESULTS For 4 geldings and 1 mare, fragmentation was necessary to facilitate calculus removal. Mean duration of surgery was 125 minutes, and trauma to the urinary bladder and urethra was limited to areas of hyperemia and submucosal petechiation. No postoperative complications were encountered for any horse. When lithotripsy was required, the retrieval pouch provided an effective means of stabilizing calculi and containing the fragments for removal.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of the laparoscopic specimen retrieval pouch was an effective, minimally traumatic method for retrieving cystic calculi from standing horses. The pouch protected the urinary bladder and urethra from trauma during calculus removal and allowed for stabilization, containment, and fragmentation of calculi when necessary.
Experimental and numerical investigations on the punching failure of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics
Authors: Szlosarek Robert , Karall Thomas , Enzinger Norbert , Hahne Clemens , Meyer Nils , Berger André
Published: July 2016

This publication describes novel experimental and numerical investigations on the punching failure of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics. This kind of failure is relevant in joining processes as well as a characteristic failure type of mechanical fasteners between metals and carbon fiber-reinforced plastics like rivets or screws. So far, there is a lack of a precise phenomenological description of this failure mode. For this reason, this paper focuses on the experimental analysis of the damage and failure mechanism. As a result, the experiments show a failure evolution without any shearing of the fibers. This provides the basis for the accompanying simulation using the finite element method. Subsequently, the simulation of the experiments demonstrates that a modeling of a punching failure is possible by a combination of known fiber, inter-fiber and delamination failure criteria without extensions.
Kissing Stents for Treatment of Aortoiliac Disease
Authors: Hossain GM Mokbul , Mandal Naresh Chandra , Dey Nirmal Kanti , Mamun Abdullah Al , Rahman Motiur , Hasan Rakibul
Published: July 2016

Objectives: To determine technical and clinical success of kissing stents for aortoiliac occlusive disease.Design: Retrospective study.Venue: Different private centers in Dhaka City.Subjects: Patients presenting with intermittent claudication (IC) or critical limb ischaemia (CLI) due to aortoiliac disease. Methods: Balloon or self expanding kissing stents with or without predilatation depending upon the nature of the disease, was inserted via bilateral retrograde femoral approach. Patients were followed up clinically and by ankle brachial index (ABI) and Duplex study.Results: Technical and clinical success was achieved in all of 34 cases. All patients with CLI improved and ulcerated limbs showed complete healing. During follow-up 3 patients died and 1 patient required major amputation at 3 months.Conclusion: Kissing stents implantation is a safe and alternative treatment for aortoiliac disease. It is cosmetic, requires short hospital stay. No incision, regional or general anesthesia is needed.Bangladesh Heart Journal 2015; 30(2) : 74-77
Takayasu Arteritis Involving Multiple Peripheral Arteries of a 37-year-old Female: A Case Report and Brief Overview
Authors: Faruque Md , Rashid MA , Faruk Md Tanveer , Iqbal Md Jabed , Rahman F
Published: July 2016

Takayasu arteritis, formerly known as pulseless disease, is a chronic idiopathic vasculitis which affects the large vessels in the body. First described in the 1800s, this rare condition is more commonly found in Asian women in their 40s. Herein, we report the case of a young woman whose exertional angina and claudication were the initial presentation of active Takayasu arteritis. The importance of modern technology of imaging such as CT, MRI and angiography, can often have paramount importance for confirming a diagnosis and the extent of the pathology. Newer modalities of investigation helps in evaluation of vascular involvement and its haemodynamic effects on cardiovascular system. Previously majority of patient had to be diagnosed clinically. Now a days by CT peripheral Angiogram this disease can be diagnosed. Invasive procedure of peripheral Angiogram is troublesome but single IV dye injection can revealed the actual scenario. So it has got important scientific value.Bangladesh Heart Journal 2015; 30(2) : 92-95
Mineral nutrient contents of some potato accessions of USA and Bangladesh
Authors: Mahamud MA , Chowdhury MAH , Rahim MA , Mohiuddin KM
Published: July 2016

Twenty two potato accessions from USA were evaluated for nutrient contents. Two Bangladeshi varieties were also included for comparison. Nutritional analyses were performed in the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, BAU during November, 2014 to April, 2015. Considering macro nutrient content, the highest values of N, P, K and S were found in the accession AC 10062 whereas Ca and Mg contents were found highest in Bangladeshi variety Cardinal and USA accessions AC 10073, respectively. In case of micro nutrient, the maximum amounts of Cu, Mn, B and Zn were observed in accession AC 10110, AC 10069, AC 10073 and AC 10109, respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between N-P, N-K and K-Mn contents while K-Mg, Mn-B and Cu-B contents were negatively correlated. Considering all the parameters studied, the USA accession AC 10062, AC 10069 and AC 10110 were nutritionally superior to Bangladeshi variety Diamant and Cardinal. The accession AC 10062 was found as the best USA accession to produce nutrient rich potato in Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 207-214, December 2015
A Review of Contemporary Linked Challenges for Scottish Local Government
Authors: Pugh Michael , Connolly John
Published: July 2016

This article reviews recent linked challenges to Scottish Local Government viewed through the lens of ‘governance’ in the post-Scottish independence referendum context. This is an appropriate juncture to consider the range of contemporaneous and linked issues and challenges that face this level of governance. The article includes an update on the debates associated public sector reform and the agenda to ‘renew local democracy’. Moreover, the article addresses recent developments with regards to empowerment as a result of the Community Empowerment Act (passed in June 2015). The article concludes by providing an update on the challenges associated with the democratic representation of Scottish local authorities. By drawing these themes and developments together, highlighting their historical roots, the article provides an important platform for a new research agenda in relation to local democracy and community empowerment in Scotland.
Bio-Inspired Principles Applied to the Guidance, Navigation and Control of UAS
Authors: Strydom Reuben , Denuelle Aymeric , Srinivasan Mandyam
Published: July 2016

This review describes a number of biologically inspired principles that have been applied to the visual guidance, navigation and control of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). The current limitations of UAS systems are outlined, such as the over-reliance on GPS, the requirement for more self-reliant systems and the need for UAS to have a greater understanding of their environment. It is evident that insects, even with their small brains and limited intelligence, have overcome many of the shortcomings of the current state of the art in autonomous aerial guidance. This has motivated research into bio-inspired systems and algorithms, specifically vision-based navigation, situational awareness and guidance.
Interaction of Hydrogen with Au Modified by Pd and Rh in View of Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Juarez Fernanda , Soldano German , Santos Elizabeth , Guesmi Hazar , Tielens Frederik , Mineva Tzonka
Published: July 2016

Hydrogen interaction with bimetallic Au(Pd) and Au(Rh) systems are studied with the density functional theory (DFT)-based periodic approach. Several bimetallic configurations with varying concentrations of Pd and Rh atoms in the under layer of a gold surface(111) were considered. The reactivity of the doped Au(111) toward hydrogen adsorption and absorption was related to the property modifications induced by the presence of metal dopants. DFT-computed quantities, such as the energy stability, the inter-atomic and inter-slab binding energies between gold and dopants, and the charge density were used to infer the similarities and differences between both Pd and Rh dopants in these model alloys. The hydrogen penetration into the surface is favored in the bimetallic slab configurations. The underlayer dopants affect the reactivity of the surface gold toward hydrogen adsorption in the systems with a dopant underlayer, covered by absorbed hydrogen up to a monolayer. This indicates a possibility to tune the gold surface properties of bimetallic electrodes by modulating the degree of hydrogen coverage of the inner dopant layer(s).
Cost-Effectiveness of Fuel Removals in Mediterranean Wildland-Urban Interfaces Threatened by Wildfires
Authors: Elia Mario , Lovreglio Raffaella , Ranieri Nicola , Sanesi Giovanni , Lafortezza Raffaele
Published: July 2016

One of the most important environmental issues in Europe is the expansion of wildland-urban interfaces (WUIs) and how this trend may affect the occurrence of wildfires. Land use changes, the abandonment of farmland, and reduced grazing has led to an increase in forested areas with an accumulation and continuity of surface fuels available for combustion. Policies based exclusively on extensive fire suppression have become ineffective in different parts of Europe. To reduce the threat of damaging and costly wildfires, European countries must develop integrated fuel management programs. This approach has proven to be one of the most cost-effective for preventing wildfires and reducing economic loss. To this end, we have conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to estimate how much fuel must be treated to determine fuel load removals with the lowest cost per hectare of unaffected WUIs threatened by wildfires in southern Italy (Apulia region). The analysis was carried out in three stages: (i) simulation of fire behavior in different fuel load reduction and wind direction scenarios; (ii) estimation of WUIs affected by wildfires within the study landscape; and (iii) the application of a cost-effectiveness ratio. Our results highlight the need to provide a method to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of fuel removal given the increasing number and extent of WUIs in the Mediterranean landscape of Europe. Optimizing the cost-effectiveness analysis of fuel removals offers the basis for appropriately assessing wildfire prevention and budgeting financial resources. Further, this method may be readily applied toward allocating any type of intervention in landscape management.
Comparative Study on the Grain Refinement of Al-Si Alloy Solidified under the Impact of Pulsed Electric Current and Travelling Magnetic Field
Authors: Zhang Yunhu , Cheng Xiangru , Zhong Honggang , Xu Zhishuai , Li Lijuan , Gong Yongyong , Miao Xincheng , Song Changjiang , Zhai Qijie
Published: July 2016

It is high of commercial importance to generate the grain refinement in alloys during solidification by means of electromagnetic fields. Two typical patterns of electromagnetic fields, pulsed electric currents (ECP) and traveling magnetic field (TMF), are frequently employed to produce the finer equiaxed grains in solidifying alloys. Various mechanisms were proposed to understand the grain refinement in alloys caused by ECP and TMF. In this paper, a comparative study is carried out in the same solidification regime to investigate the grain refinement of Al-7 wt. %Si alloy driven by ECP and TMF. Experimental results show that the application of ECP or TMF can cause the same grain refinement occurrence period, during which the refinement of primary Al continuously occurs. In addition, the related grain refinement mechanisms are reviewed and discussed, which shows the most likely one caused by ECP and TMF is the promoted dendrite fragmentation as the result of the ECP-induced or TMF-induced forced flow. It suggests that the same grain refinement process in alloys is provoked when ECP and TMF are applied in the same solidification regime, respectively.
Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Electrophoretically Deposited Hematite Thin Films Modified with Ti(IV)
Authors: Dalle Carbonare Nicola , Boaretto Rita , Caramori Stefano , Argazzi Roberto , Dal Colle Maurizio , Pasquini Luca , Bertoncello Renzo , Marelli Marcello , Evangelisti Claudio , Bignozzi Carlo
Published: July 2016

Doping hematite with different elements is a common strategy to improve the electrocatalytic activity towards the water oxidation reaction, although the exact effect of these external agents is not yet clearly understood. Using a feasible electrophoretic procedure, we prepared modified hematite films by introducing in the deposition solution Ti(IV) butoxide. Photoelectrochemical performances of all the modified electrodes were superior to the unmodified one, with a 4-fold increase in the photocurrent at 0.65 V vs. SCE in 0.1 M NaOH (pH 13.3) for the 5% Ti-modified electrode, which was the best performing electrode. Subsequent functionalization with an iron-based catalyst led, at the same potential, to a photocurrent of ca. 1.5 mA·cm−2, one of the highest achieved with materials based on solution processing in the absence of precious elements. AFM, XPS, TEM and XANES analyses revealed the formation of different Ti(IV) oxide phases on the hematite surface, that can reduce surface state recombination and enhance hole injection through local surface field effects, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance analysis.
Comparative “Golgi” Proteome Study of Lolium multiflorum and Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Ford Kristina , Chin Tony , Srivastava Vaibhav , Zeng Wei , Doblin Monika , Bulone Vincent , Bacic Antony
Published: July 2016

The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a crucial organelle in the biosynthesis of non-cellulosic polysaccharides, glycoproteins and proteoglycans that are primarily destined for secretion to the cell surface (plasma membrane, cell wall and apoplast). Only a small proportion of the proteins involved in these processes have been identified in plants, with the majority of their functions still unknown. The availability of a GA proteome would greatly assist plant biochemists, cell and molecular biologists in determining the precise function of the cell wall-related proteins. There has been some progress towards defining the GA proteome in the model plant system Arabidopsis thaliana, yet in commercially important species, such as either the cereals or woody species there has been relatively less progress. In this study, we applied discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation to partially enrich GA from suspension cell cultures (SCCs) and combined this with stable isotope labelling (iTRAQ) to determine protein sub-cellular locations. Results from a representative grass species, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and a dicot species, black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) are compared. The results confirm that membrane fractionation approaches that provide effective GA-enriched fractions for proteomic analyses in Arabidopsis are much less effective in the species examined here and highlight the complexity of the GA, both within and between species.
Population Growth, Migration, and Changes in the Racial Differential in Imprisonment in the United States, 1940–1980
Authors: Harding David , Winship Christopher
Published: July 2016

The proportion of U.S. prison inmates who were black increased dramatically between 1940 and 2000. While about two-thirds of the increase occurred between 1940 and 1970, most recent research analyzes the period after 1970, focusing on explanations such as the war on drugs, law-and-order politics, discrimination, inequality, and racial threat. We analyze the growth in the racial difference in incarceration between 1940 and 1980, focusing on the role of demographic processes, particularly population growth, migration, and urbanization. We implement three analyses to assess the role of these demographic processes: (1) a simple accounting model that decomposes the national trend into population growth, changes in arrests, and changes in sentencing; (2) a model of state variation in incarceration that decomposes the racial difference in incarceration into population change, migration between states with different incarceration rates, and other processes; and (3) race-specific models of within-state variation in incarceration rates using state characteristics coupled with a decomposition of the role of changes in state characteristics.
Who Wants Income Inequality?: An Analysis of Public Choice under Income Comparison
Authors: Li Tongzhe
Published: July 2016

This study investigates when individuals from advantaged and disadvantaged groups are in favor of reducing income inequality. Using a model that considers both an individual’s absolute income and relative income, I examine the conditions under which income equalization is supported by some members in the advantaged group and, more interestingly, opposed by part of the disadvantaged group. In equilibrium, the valuation towards relative income, the initial endowment the difference between the two groups and the amount of income transfer upon equalization have opposite effects on different groups’ likelihood of favoring equalization. To this end, I conduct a comparative statics analysis, and the results suggest that in order to incentivize more individuals to support inter-group income transfer, a policymaker’s optimal strategy substantially depends on how much the society values relative income.
Does Adoption of Management Standards Deliver Efficiency Gain in Firms’ Pursuit of Sustainability Performance? An Empirical Investigation of Chinese Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Lin Haiying , Weber Olaf
Published: July 2016

Building on longitudinal data from 73 Chinese manufacturing firms during 2009–2012, we assess whether and how firms gain higher efficiency in achieving their sustainability goals by adopting management practice standards (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and/or OHSAS 18001). We propose four pathways for firms to gain sustainability efficiency in their certification journey: participation, qualitative integration, quantitative expansion, and temporal accumulation. Our results confirm that firms certifying management standards gain higher efficiency in pursuing their sustainability goals than firms without these standards. We also find some support for increased efficiency effect in firms with diverse management systems over firms with only a single certificate in 2011. Finally, our results highlight the experiential and temporal accumulation effect of such efficiency gains, that is, firms with prior certification experience or having a longer certification history demonstrate higher efficiency gains in pursuing their sustainability goals.
N-Terminal Domain of Feline Calicivirus (FCV) Proteinase-Polymerase Contributes to the Inhibition of Host Cell Transcription
Authors: Wu Hongxia , Zu Shaopo , Sun Xue , Liu Yongxiang , Tian Jin , Qu Liandong
Published: July 2016

Feline Calicivirus (FCV) infection results in the inhibition of host protein synthesis, known as “shut-off”. However, the precise mechanism of shut-off remains unknown. Here, we found that the FCV strain 2280 proteinase-polymerase (PP) protein can suppress luciferase reporter gene expression driven by endogenous and exogenous promoters. Furthermore, we found that the N-terminal 263 aa of PP (PPN-263) determined its shut-off activity using the expression of truncated proteins. However, the same domain of the FCV strain F9 PP protein failed to inhibit gene expression. A comparison between strains 2280 and F9 indicated that Val27, Ala96 and Ala98 were key sites for the inhibition of host gene expression by strain 2280 PPN-263, and PPN-263 exhibited the ability to shut off host gene expression as long as it contained any two of the three amino acids. Because the N-terminus of the PP protein is required for its proteinase and shut-off activities, we investigated the ability of norovirus 3C-like proteins (3CLP) from the GII.4-1987 and -2012 isolates to interfere with host gene expression. The results showed that 3CLP from both isolates was able to shut off host gene expression, but 3CLP from GII.4-2012 had a stronger inhibitory activity than that from GII.4-1987. Finally, we found that 2280 PP and 3CLP significantly repressed reporter gene transcription but did not affect mRNA translation. Our results provide new insight into the mechanism of the FCV-mediated inhibition of host gene expression.
CHROMOSPHERIC HEATING BY ACOUSTIC WAVES COMPARED TO RADIATIVE COOLING
Authors: Sobotka M. , Heinzel P. , Švanda M. , Jurčák J. , del Moro D. , Berrilli F.
Published: July 2016

Acoustic and magnetoacoustic waves are among the possible candidate mechanisms that heat the upper layers of the solar atmosphere. A weak chromospheric plage near the large solar pore NOAA 11005 was observed on 2008 October 15, in the Fe i 617.3 nm and Ca ii 853.2 nm lines of the Interferometric Bidimemsional Spectrometer attached to the Dunn Solar Telescope. In analyzing the Ca ii observations (with spatial and temporal resolutions of 0.″4 and 52 s) the energy deposited by acoustic waves is compared to that released by radiative losses. The deposited acoustic flux is estimated from the power spectra of Doppler oscillations measured in the Ca ii line core. The radiative losses are calculated using a grid of seven one-dimensional hydrostatic semi-empirical model atmospheres. The comparison shows that the spatial correlation of the maps of radiative losses and acoustic flux is 72%. In a quiet chromosphere, the contribution of acoustic energy flux to radiative losses is small, only about 15%. In active areas with a photospheric magnetic-field strength between 300 and 1300 G and an inclination of 20°–60°, the contribution increases from 23% (chromospheric network) to 54% (a plage). However, these values have to be considered as lower limits and it might be possible that the acoustic energy flux is the main contributor to the heating of bright chromospheric network and plages.
Fe Kα PROFILES FROM SIMULATIONS OF ACCRETING BLACK HOLES
Authors: Kinch Brooks E. , Schnittman Jeremy D. , Kallman Timothy R. , Krolik Julian H.
Published: July 2016

We present the first results from a new technique for the prediction of Fe Kα profiles directly from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations. Data from a GRMHD simulation are processed by a Monte Carlo global radiation transport code, which determines the X-ray flux irradiating the disk surface and the coronal electron temperature self-consistently. With that irradiating flux and the disk’s density structure drawn from the simulation, we determine the reprocessed Fe Kα emission from photoionization equilibrium and solution of the radiation transfer equation. We produce maps of the surface brightness of Fe Kα emission over the disk surface, which—for our example of a

Schwarzschild black hole accreting at 1% the Eddington value—rises steeply one gravitational radius outside the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit and then falls ∝r
−2 at larger radii. We explain these features of the Fe Kα radial surface brightness profile as consequences of the disk’s ionization structure and an extended coronal geometry, respectively. We also present the corresponding Fe Kα line profiles as would be seen by distant observers at several inclinations. Both the shapes of the line profiles and the equivalent widths of our predicted Kα lines are qualitatively similar to those typically observed from accreting black holes. Most importantly, this work represents a direct link between theory and observation: in a fully self-consistent way, we produce observable results—iron fluorescence line profiles—from the theory of black hole accretion with almost no phenomenological assumptions.
Une éducation pour une ère nouvelle : le congrès international d’éducation de Calais (1921)
Authors: Condette Jean-François , Savoye Antoine
Published: July 2016

Renouant avec les pratiques d’échanges intellectuels d’avant 1914, des spécialistes de l’éducation d’une quinzaine de pays, appartenant à l’enseignement public comme au secteur privé, tiennent un congrès original, durant deux semaines, à Calais. Au-delà du thème qui les rassemble, « l’expression créatrice de l’enfant », éducateurs théosophes, pédologues et psychologues de l’enfant, praticiens des écoles nouvelles et représentants de l’institution scolaire débattent d’une conception de l’éducation pertinente pour l’ère nouvelle de l’humanité qu’ils appellent de leurs vœux. Conscients d’ouvrir un chantier immense, les personnalités majeures du rassemblement calaisien (B. Ensor, O. Decroly, A. Ferrière) mettent à profit le congrès pour fonder une organisation durable qui poursuivra la réflexion : la Ligue internationale pour l’éducation nouvelle.
Science, celebrity, diplomacy: The Marcellin Berthelot centenary, 1927
Authors: Fox Robert
Published: July 2016

Le centenaire de la naissance de Marcellin Berthelot a été célébré avec une extravagance qui reflète l’importance et la multiplicité des intérêts en jeu. Pour Jean Gérard, qui orchestra de main de maître l’événement en qualité de secrétaire général de la Société de chimie industrielle française et de l’Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée, l’enjeu n’était pas seulement d’honorer un grand chimiste. Le but était aussi d’établir une Maison de la Chimie qui offrirait des services, notamment de documentation, aux chimistes d’où qu’ils soient, et ce faisant, de promouvoir Paris au rang de place centrale au niveau international pour la discipline. L’exécution méticuleuse du plan élaboré par Gérard devait faire de cette célébration un événement de haut niveau, au très fort caractère international. Les pays d’Amérique latine et les États européens qui venaient d’obtenir leur indépendance dans le sillage de la première guerre mondiale se montrèrent particulièrement enclins à participer, tandis que les États-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne le furent beaucoup moins. Malgré les différents niveaux d’enthousiasme, la pose de la première pierre de la Maison de la Chimie fut un point d’orgue de ce programme du centenaire; toutefois ce ne fut pas avant 1934 que les locaux définitifs furent finalement inaugurés, rue Saint-Dominique. Au cours de l’élaboration du projet, comme lors de la célébration elle-même, la réémergence de l’Allemagne comme puissance majeure en chimie, après l’exclusion qu’elle avait subie, pesa lourdement. Un niveau relativement modeste de la participation allemande au centenaire et le retard de l’admission de l’Allemagne à l’IUPAC (en 1930 seulement) témoignent de la difficulté du processus de réintégration.
Influence of the type of lightweight clay brick on the equivalent thermal transmittance of different types of façades on buildings
Authors: Morales M. P. , Muñoz P. , Juárez M. C. , Mendívil M. A. , Olasolo P.
Published: July 2016

This paper compares the equivalent thermal transmittances of different façades built using commercial clay bricks with three different thicknesses and façades made using the same method but with ceramic bricks with optimized rhomboidal interior geometry.
Equivalent thermal transmittances of 0.300 W/m2·K were recorded for the rhomboidal brick with a thickness of 0.290 m and a façade with thermo-acoustic insulation and a large format brick on the interior, but the final thickness of the façade was 0.445 m.
For ventilated façades made of the proposed rhomboidal brick with thicknesses of 0.290 and 0.240 m an 8–9% improvement was found, with values of 0.312 W/m2·K and 0.339 W/m2·K, respectively.
It can be concluded that in view of the small difference in thermal terms, the best option is to use a brick 0.240 m thick, as the overall thickness of the façade will not then exceed 0.300 m.
«Felicidad, bienestar, gloria y honor»; la imagen pública que Samuel ha-Leví proyectó en la Sinagoga del Tránsito
Authors: Muñoz Garrido Daniel
Published: July 2016

Samuel ben Meír ha-Leví Abulafia es un personaje destacado de la historia de los judíos en los reinos peninsulares. Ejerció como tesorero del rey castellano Pedro I y fue el fundador de la Sinagoga del Tránsito. La fundación de una sinagoga de tal tamaño, belleza y lujo debió suponer para Samuel ha-Leví todo un logro político y personal, que seguramente fue percibido como una proeza por los vecinos de la aljama toledana. En el contexto del complejo sistema de mecenazgo medieval las fundaciones buscaban ser símbolos de nobleza y prestigio dentro del escenario de poder de la sociedad del momento. El análisis de los símbolos de los que se sirvió y rodeó Samuel ha-Leví en su sinagoga esbozan un retrato, no solo de como él se veía a sí mismo, sino también de como él quiso ser percibido y recordado. Este artículo busca analizar la imagen pública que Samuel quiso proyectar, basada en el análisis de la sinagoga y sus textos epigráficos.
Du désarmement volontaire de la justice pénale internationale (à propos de l’acquittement de Vojislav Seselj)
Authors: Sizaire Vincent
Published: July 2016

Ayant suscité une immense émotion, l’acquittement de Vojislav Seselj contribue à l’affaiblissement de la justice pénale internationale. L’analyse du jugement montre en effet que ce n’est qu’au prix d’une lecture tronquée des faits et du contexte et d’une élévation abusive de l’exigence probatoire vis-à-vis de l’accusation que le tribunal a pu justifier sa décision.
The Identification of Wear Processes in Production and Transport of Concrete Mixtures
Authors: Szyszko Małgorzata , Chmiel Jarosław , Piotrowski Mateusz , Cieślik Robert
Published: July 2016

The article presents issues concerning processes of wear of devices taking part in the production process in a concrete mixing plant and in the supplying of concrete to the construction place. Producers put the strength of concrete as the main indicator of quality. The processes of interaction of each component of concrete mixtures for operating the equipment are placed on a further location. This article pays attention to the processes that cause wear of individual components of equipment, which in turn can significantly affect the cost and quality of the concrete. The article presents studies results of the operation of a real object on the example of the concrete plant and concrete pump.
Two-Stage Image Segmentation Scheme Based on Inexact Alternating Direction Method
Authors: Zhi Zhanjiang , Sun Yi , Pang Zhi-Feng
Published: July 2016

Image segmentation is a fundamental problem in both image processing and computer vision with numerous applications. In this paper, we propose a two-stage image segmentation scheme based on inexact alternating direction method. Specifically, we first solve the convex variant of the Mumford-Shah model to get the smooth solution, the segmentation are then obtained by apply the K-means clustering method to the solution. Some numerical comparisons are arranged to show the effectiveness of our proposed schemes by segmenting many kinds of images such as artificial images, natural images, and brain MRI images.
Spline Surfaces over Arbitrary Topological Meshes: Theoretical Analysis and Application
Authors: Liu Chaoyang , Zhou Xiaoping
Published: July 2016

Based on polyhedral splines, some multivariate splines of different orders with given supports over arbitrary topological meshes are developed. Schemes for choosing suitable families of multivariate splines based on pre-given meshes are discussed. Those multivariate splines with inner knots and boundary knots from the related meshes are used to generate rational spline shapes with related control points. Steps for up to C2-surfaces over the meshes are designed. The relationship among the meshes and their knots, the splines and control points is analyzed. To avoid any unexpected discontinuities and get higher smoothness, a heart-repairing technique to adjust inner knots in the multivariate splines is designed.

With the theory above, bivariate C1-quadratic splines over rectangular meshes are developed. Those bivariate splines are used to generate rational C1-quadratic surfaces over the meshes with related control points and weights. The properties of the surfaces are analyzed. The boundary curves and the corner points and tangent planes, and smooth connecting conditions of different patches are presented. The C1–continuous connection schemes between two patches of the surfaces are presented.