bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Milli-fluidic Liver Tissue Chip with Continuous Recirculation for Predictive Pharmacokinetics Applications
Authors: Rajan Shiny Amala Priya , Sherfey Jason , Ohri Shivam , Nichols Lauren , Smith J. Tyler , Parekh Paarth , Kadar Eugene P. , Clark Frances , George Billy T. , Gregory Lauren , Tess David , Gosset James R. , Liras Jennifer , Geishecker Emily , Obach R. Scott , Cirit Murat
Published: October 2023

A crucial step in lead selection during drug development is accurate estimation and optimization of hepatic clearance using in vitro methods. However, current methods are limited by factors such as lack of physiological relevance, short culture/incubation times that are not consistent with drug exposure patterns in patients, use of drug absorbing materials, and evaporation during long-term incubation. To address these technological needs, we developed a novel milli-fluidic human liver tissue chip (LTC) that was designed with continuous media recirculation and optimized for hepatic cultures using human primary hepatocytes. Here, we characterized the LTC using a series of physiologically relevant metrics and test compounds to demonstrate that we could accurately predict the PK of both low- and high-clearance compounds. The non-biological characterization indicated that the cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)–based LTC exhibited negligible evaporation and minimal non-specific binding of drugs of varying ionic states and lipophilicity. Biologically, the LTC exhibited functional and polarized hepatic culture with sustained metabolic CYP activity for at least 15 days. This long-term culture was then used for drug clearance studies for low- and high-clearance compounds for at least 12 days, and clearance was estimated for a range of compounds with high in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). We also demonstrated that LTC can be induced by rifampicin, and the culture age had insignificant effect on depletion kinetic and predicted clearance value. Thus, we used advances in bioengineering to develop a novel purpose-built platform with high reproducibility and minimal variability to address unmet needs for PK applications.

Graphical Abstract
A unifying framework for BRST and BRST-related symmetries
Authors: Mandal Bhabani Prasad , Rai Sumit Kumar , Thibes Ronaldo
Published: October 2023

We propose a general framework to study BRST-related transformations. We investigate different forms of BRST and BRST-related symmetries, realized within a prototypical first-class system, including ordinary BRST, anti-BRST, dual-BRST, anti-dual-BRST and additional sets of new BRST-related symmetries. We identify a precise

discrete group of symmetries of the ghost sector, responsible for connecting the various forms of BRST-related transformations. Their distinct roles in different Hamiltonian and Lagrangian approaches are clarified. As a unifying framework, we use a gauge invariant prototypical first-class system encompassing an extensive class of physical models.
Reconstructing networks via discrete state dynamical data: A mini-review
Authors: Ma Chuang , Wang Huan , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: October 2023

The inference of network structure from dynamic data is one of the most challenging scientific problems in network science. To address this issue, researchers have proposed various approaches regarding different types of dynamical data. Since many real evolution processes or social phenomena can be described by discrete state dynamical systems, such as the spreading of epidemic, the evolution of opinions, and the cooperation behaviors, network reconstruction methods driven by discrete state dynamical data were also widely studied. In this letter, we provide a mini-review of recent progresses for reconstructing networks based on discrete state dynamical data. These studies encompass network reconstruction problems where the dynamical processes are known, as well as those where the dynamics are unknown, and extend to the reconstruction of higher-order networks. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges in this field.
Police and the Empire City
Authors: Guariglia Matthew
Published: October 2023

During the years between the Civil War and World War II, police in New York City struggled with how to control a diverse city. In Police and the Empire City Matthew Guariglia tells the history of the New York Police to show how its origins were built upon and inseparably entwined with the history of race, ethnicity, and whiteness in the United States. Guariglia explores the New York City Police Department through its periods of experimentation and violence as police experts import tactics from the US occupation of the Philippines and Cuba, devise modern bureaucratic techniques to better suppress Black communities, and infiltrate supposedly unknowable immigrant neighborhoods. Innovations ranging from recruiting Chinese, Italian, or German police to form “ethnic squads,” the use of deportation and federal immigration restrictions to control local crime—even the introduction of fingerprinting—were motivated by attempts to govern a multiracial city. Campaigns to remake the police department created an urban landscape where power, gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, crime, and bodies collided and provided a foundation for the supposedly “colorblind,” technocratic, federally backed, and surveillance-based policing of today.
Comparison of pre and post Foley catheter Bishop’s Score: A retrospective record review at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Malik Ayesha , Irfan Sheikh , Yousuf Farheen , Amerjee Azra , Naz Sumaira , Virji Safna
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare pre and post Foley’s catheter Bishop Score during labour induction.

Methods: This study was a retrospective study conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan after approval from ethical review board. All women who underwent induction of labour with Foley’s Catheter at gestation of 37 weeks or more from September 2014-October 2015 were included. Data was entered and analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. The comparison between pre and post Foley’s catheter Bishop Score during labour induction will be calculated by Wilcoxon sign test.

Results: There were 981 cases of inductions of labour, 749 (76.3%) received Foley’s catheter, in combination with prostaglandins and oxytocin. About 68% were vaginal deliveries while 32% underwent C-section. Two third of women had bishop <4. Overall, Bishop score improved significantly in all patients with the catheter however, maximum benefit was seen in patients where the catheter was placed for 10-12 hours.

Conclusion: Foley’s is the better and safer option. In view of our results, It has been recommended to keep the Foley’s for 10-12 hours to get significant improvement in bishop score.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7433

How to cite this: Malik A, Irfan S, Yousuf F, Amerjee A, Naz S, Virji S. Comparison of pre and post Foley catheter Bishop’s Score: A retrospective record review at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7433

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The genome sequence of the Saxon Wasp, Dolichovespula saxonica (Fabricius, 1793)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Dolichovespula saxonica (the Saxon Wasp; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Vespidae). The genome sequence is 221.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 26 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.97 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 10,856 protein coding genes.
Blockchain Adoption in a Supply Chain with Manufacturer Market Power
Authors: Iyengar Garud , Saleh Fahad , Sethuraman Jay , Wang Wenjun
Published: October 2023

We examine a supply chain with a single risk-averse manufacturer who purchases from suppliers and sells to consumers. Within this context, we focus on two channels that drive blockchain adoption by the manufacturer: manufacturer risk aversion and consumer information asymmetry. Regarding the first channel, blockchain enables efficient tracing of defective products so that the manufacturer can selectively recall defective products rather than conducting a full recall. This tracing ability reduces the risk involved in the manufacturer purchasing from multiple suppliers and thereby leads the manufacturer to endogenously diversify across suppliers when blockchain is adopted. The diversification enhances the manufacturer’s welfare due to the manufacturer’s risk aversion and thus drives the manufacturer to adopt blockchain. With regard to the second channel, blockchain stores details from the manufacturing process and reveals them to consumers, thereby ameliorating consumer information asymmetry. This reduction in information asymmetry improves consumer decision making that, in isolation, would enhance consumer welfare. However, the manufacturer responds by increasing the consumer price, thereby transferring potential consumer welfare gains to the manufacturer, and consequently serving as a second channel to drive blockchain adoption by the manufacturer.

This paper was accepted by Lin William Cong, finance.
Pengenalan Optika Fisis di MTs Bulu Candimulyo Madiun melalui Praktikum dengan Peralatan Sederhana
Authors: Prajitno Gontjang , Yudoyono Gatut , Pramono Yono Hadi , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Bustomi M. Arief
Published: October 2023

Optika merupakan salah satu topik dalam pelajaran IPA yang diajarkan di SMP/MTs. Pada topik ini, kebanyakan siswa-siswa SMP/MTS mengalami kesulitan dalam hal pemahaman konsep tentang optika terutama pada bagian optika fisis. Ada beberapa faktor yang menjadi penyebabnya. Salah satu faktor tersebut adalah keketerbatasan fasilitas dan pengetahuan guru untuk dapat praktik langsung mengamati peristiwa optika fisis seperti interferensi cahaya. Dari hasil diskusi dengan guru-guru SMP/MTS diperoleh informasi bahwa guru-guru mengeluhkan sulitnya melaksanakan praktikum fisika khususnya optika fisis seperti difraksi dan interferensi. Akibatnya, banyak sekolah yang tidak melaksanakan praktikum optika fisis, karena keterbatasan peralatan praktikum dan kurangnya kreativitas guru untuk membuat alat peraga sederhana yang dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan peristiwa optika fisis. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, tim dosen departemen Fisika FSAD ITS memberikan solusi terhadap permasalahan keterbatasan peralatan dan kurangnya kreativitas guru dengan cara membuat peralatan praktikum sederhana untuk penenalan optika fisis. Peralatan praktikum sederhana ini adalah tentang percobaan interferensi cahaya yang dapat dibuat dengan biaya murah. Kegiatan praktikum ini diharapkan dapat menjadi media pembelajaran yang menarik bagi siswa-siswa SMP/MTS di daerah pedesaan seperti MTs Dusun Bulu Desa Candimulyo Kecamatan Dolopo Kabupaten Madiun.
Perbaikan Mesin Cetak Braille dan Pelatihan Bagi Operator dan Guru di SLB N Muara Bulian, Batanghari, Jambi
Authors: Kusuma Hendra , Tasripan Tasripan , Sardjono Tri Arief , Dikairono Rudy , Mujiono Totok
Published: October 2023

Program pengembangan sekolah luar biasa untuk tunanetra, yaitu dalam bentuk pengembangan bahan ajar Braille sudah dilakukan Pemerintah sejak awal 1998, yaitu dengan dibentuknya sekolah luar biasa (SLB) yang berperan sebagai pusat sumber Resource Center penyelenggaraan pendidikan yang salah satu fungsinya adalah pengembangan media pembelajaran dalam huruf Braille. SLBN Muara Bulian, Batang Hari, Jambi merupakan salah satu SLB pusat sumber yang dimaksud. Mesin Braille SLB Muara Bulian sudah lama rusak dan tidak ada pihak yang mampu memperbaikinya sehingga kegiatan pengadaan dan pengembangan bahan ajar Braille menjadi terputus. Untuk itu pihak SLB Muara Bulian mengharapkan bantuan tim ahli Departemen Teknik Elektro ITS agar memperbaiki mesin Braille dan sekaligus memberi pelatihan teknis tentang pemeliharaan dan operasional bagi operator mesin Braille dan guru SLB. Hasil diagnosa, dan perbaikan yang dilakukan oleh tim DTE ITS menghasilkan mesin Braille SLB Muara Bulian kembali beroperasi sempurna seperti kondisi baru. Adapun perbaikan mesin Braille yang rusak tersebut dilakukan pada bagian mekanis, dan elektronik serta pada penyempurnaan software, sehingga mesin Braille SLB dapat beroperasi sempurna dengan kemampuan cetak 400 karakter per detik dan konsumsi daya listrik yang lebih rendah 40\% dari konsumsi semula. Disamping itu juga diberikan pelatihan teknis dasar yang berkaitan dengan pemeliharaan mesin bagi operator serta operasional mesin Braille bagi para guru SLB.
Pengembangan Media Wisata Edukasi Interaktif Berkonten Lokal dengan Teknologi GPS Based Augmented Reality Guna Mendukung Pemulihan Pariwisata Pasca Pandemi
Authors: Ardianto Okta Putra Setio , Arifiani Siska , Kristianto Thomas Ari , Budianto Caesario Ari
Published: October 2023

Pandemi COVID19 yang hingga awal tahun 2022 tetap berlangsung telah banyak menimbulkan dampak berupa lesunya banyak sektor industri dan pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor yang terdampak paling parah. Di awal tahun 2022, setelah melalui banyak upaya penanggulangan pandemi secara perlahan kondisi semakin membaik sehingga memberikan harapan bagi kebangkitan ekonomi, termasuk dari sektor pariwisata. Memperhatikan hal tersebut, memunculkan ide solusi mengenai wahana wisata berbasis teknologi AR atau Augmented Reality berbasis GPS di desa mitra pengabdian masyarakat yaitu Desa Kebontunggul, Kabupaten Mojokerto dengan tujuan mendukung momen pemulihan pariwisata di lokasi tersebut. Teknologi AR yang merupakan bagian dari teknologi Industri 4.0 diharapkan memunculkan antusiasme calon wisatawan untuk datang berwisata ke Obyek Daya Tarik Wisata (ODTW) di desa mitra yaitu Lembah Mbencirang. Wahana yang akan dihasilkan bertema edukasi budaya lokal dimaksudkan agar sekaligus memberikan efek ganda sebagai upaya mempopulerkan budaya dalam kegiatan wisata. Luaran utama yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan adalah produk wahana wisata berbasis GPS based AR. Diharapkan dari luaran tersebut memberi dampak positif bagian seluruh pihak terkait, baik bagi mitra pengabdian masyarakat dan institusi tim pengabdi masyarakat.
Transfer Teknologi dan Manajeman Silase pada Pakan Domba di BUMDes Mancang pada Program Matching Fund
Authors: Fuad Muhammad , Sari Riezky Purnama , Chairuddin Chairuddin , Fairus Fairus , Hwai Aileen Tan Shau , Mastuti Rini
Published: October 2023

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) Mancang Merupakan salah satu Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) milik Desa Meunasah Mancang. Salah satu usaha yang ditekuni BUMDes ini adalah peternakan domba. Sulitnya pakan hijauan pada saat musim hujan akibat lahan terendam banjir, kurangnya tenaga kandang serta pengolahan pakan silase yang telah dilakukan sejauh ini masih kurang baik. Tujuan dilakukannya kegiatan ini yaitu meningkatkan kinerja sehingga lebih efesien, dan memperbaiki pakan silase sehingga lebih baik dan tahan lama. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu: Focus Group Discussion (FGD), sosialisasi transfer teknologi, pelatihan pembuatan silase, monitoring dan evaluasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini diketahui bahwa peningkatan BUMDes Mancang dalam mengolah pakan silase telah meningkat hingga 90\% dan silase yang dihasilkan mampu bertahan hingga dua minggu. Pemanfaatan mesin chopper mampu meningkatkan efesiensi waktu dan menghemat tenaga kerja yang sebelumya diselesaikan dalam waktu 2 jam/siklus pengolahan silase kini diselesaikan cukup 15 menit. Pengembangan peternakan lebih modern sangat dibutukan seperti inovasi pemilihan induk berkualitas, dan proses reproduksi sehingga BUMDes Mancang menjadi UKM yang mandiri.
Online Dynamic Testing of Reading and Writing, Executive Functioning and Reading Self-Concept in Typically Developing Children and Children Diagnosed with Dyslexia
Authors: Vreeze-Westgeest Mirjam de , Mata Sara , Serrano Francisca , Resing Wilma , Vogelaar Bart
Published: October 2023

The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an online dynamic test in reading and writing, differentiating in typically developing children (n = 47) and children diagnosed with dyslexia (n = 30) aged between nine and twelve years. In doing so, it was analysed whether visual working memory, auditory working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and reading self-concept were related to the outcomes of the online dynamic test. The study followed a pretest-training-posttest design with two conditions: experimental (n = 41), who received training between the pretest and posttest, and control (n = 37), who received training after the posttest. Results showed that typically developing children and children diagnosed with dyslexia in both conditions could improve their reading and writing accuracy scores, while the training in prosodic awareness might have tapped into children's potential for learning. Moreover, results revealed that in children diagnosed with dyslexia, training in the domain of writing competence could compensate for cognitive flexibility. However, training was not found to compensate for reading self-concept in children diagnosed with dyslexia.
Quantifying rates of Quaternary landscape evolution in Grand Teton National Park using in situ cosmogenic 10Be, 14C, and 36Cl dating
Authors: Lesnek Alia , Licciardi Joseph
Published: October 2023

In Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), both glacial and tectonic activity have played major roles in shaping the landscape. Here, we evaluate the impacts of late Quaternary Teton Fault slip and subglacial erosion in GTNP. We are in the process of using 10Be surface exposure dating to generate records of time-integrated Teton Fault slip at multiple locations throughout GTNP, which will allow us to assess spatial and temporal patterns tectonic activity over the past ~15 ka. We are also working to determine rates of subglacial erosion through 10Be-14C-36Cl triple isotope dating. The results obtained through this novel combination of cosmogenic nuclide techniques will contribute toward a unified view of landscape evolution in alpine environments.
 
Featured photo by Bonnie Robinson, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.
Scale-Aware Pomegranate Yield Prediction Using UAV Imagery and Machine Learning
Authors: Niu Haoyu , Wang Dong , Ehsani Reza , Chen YangQuan
Published: October 2023

Highlights

UAV-based remote sensing platform and ML methods for individual tree level yield prediction.

Decision tree ML model had an accuracy of 85% for yield prediction.

Vegetation indices derived from UAV high-resolution imagery were used for yield prediction.

Scale-aware prediction model has great potential for efficient field management.

Abstract. Accurately estimating the yield is one of the most important research projects for orchard management. Growers need to estimate the yield of trees at an early stage to make smart decisions for field management. However, methods to predict the yield at the individual tree level are currently not available because of the complexity and variability of each tree. To improve the accuracy of yield prediction, the authors evaluate the performance of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing system and machine learning (ML) approaches for tree-level pomegranate yield estimation. A lightweight multispectral camera was mounted on the UAV platform to acquire high-resolution images. Eight features were extracted from the UAV images, including the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the green normalized vegetation index (GNDVI), the red-edge normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIre), red-edge triangulated vegetation index (RTVIcore), individual tree canopy size, the modified triangular vegetation index (MTVI2), the chlorophyll index-green (CIg), and the chlorophyll index-rededge (CIre). Correlation coefficients (R2) were calculated between these vegetation indices and tree yield. Classic machine learning approaches were applied with the extracted features to predict the yield at the individual tree level. Results showed that the decision tree classifier had the best prediction performance, with an accuracy of 85%. The study demonstrated the potential of using UAV-based remote sensing methods, coupled with ML algorithms, for pomegranate yield estimation. Predicting the yield at the individual tree level will enable the stakeholders to manage the orchard at different scales, thus improving field management efficiency. Keywords: Machine learning, Remote sensing, UAV, Vegetation index, Yield prediction.
Assessment of Macropore Component of RZWQM2 in Simulating Hourly Subsurface Drainage and Peaks
Authors: Li Ziwei , Xian Changchi , Qi Zhiming , Ma Liwang , Sima Matthew W. , Helmers Matthew , Zhang Tiequan , Malone Rob , Fang Quanxiao
Published: October 2023

Highlights

The macropore component of RZWQM2 was evaluated using hourly drainage and rainfall data.

Activating macropore components improved hourly drainage peak simulation.

Macropore flow simulated by RZWQM2 was insensitive to the macroporosity and pore radius.

Abstract. Understanding preferential flow through soil macropores is critical to effectively managing subsurface drainage water quantity and quality. This study aims to assess the macropore component of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) in simulating subsurface tile flow with a high time resolution. Observed hourly tile flow rates from two experimental sites in Ontario, Canada (2008-2011) and Iowa, USA (2007-2008) were used to evaluate the importance of including a macropore flow component in subsurface drainage simulation. Activating the macropore component in the model improved the simulation of hourly drainage peaks, especially peak amplitude. Still, it did not improve the simulation of the total drainage amount for each rainfall event. Simulation of the drainage peak recession varied from peak to peak, suggesting that further studies are warranted for drainage flow in the model. In general, the macropore component in the RZWQM2 model improved subsurface peak subsurface simulation at the hourly resolution. However, further investigation and model modifications are needed to improve the drainage simulation’s timing and quality for RZWQM2’s hydrologic simulation of macropore flow and subsurface drainage. Keywords: Macropores, RZWQM2, Subsurface drainage modelling, Preferential flow simulation.
Combining Soil Water Content Data with Computer Simulation Models for Improved Irrigation Scheduling
Authors: Thorp Kelly R.
Published: October 2023

Highlights

Stand-alone irrigation scheduling models were compared to models combined with soil water content data.

Use of soil water content data reduced irrigation recommendations compared to stand-alone models.

Cotton fiber yield and water productivity were often not significantly impacted by the reduced irrigation amounts.

Weather station aridity and other measurement uncertainties must be addressed to improve the methodology.

Abstract. Irrigation scheduling models can be used to guide irrigation management decisions, but their simulations often deviate from reality. Combining in-season field data with models may improve the simulations, leading to better irrigation decisions and improved agronomic outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate cotton fiber yield and water productivity outcomes from a field trial that compared three computer simulation models for irrigation scheduling: (1) AquaCrop-OSPy (AQC), (2) the CROPGRO-Cotton module within the DSSAT Cropping System Model (CSM), and (3) the pyfao56 evapotranspiration-based, soil water balance model (FAO). Six irrigation scheduling treatments were established, including the three models used as stand-alone scheduling tools (AQC, CSM, and FAO) and the use of the three models in combination with weekly soil water content (SWC) data from neutron moisture meters (AQCSWC, CSMSWC, and FAOSWC). Two cotton varieties were also evaluated (NexGen 3195 and NexGen 4936). The field trial was conducted during the 2021 and 2022 cotton growing seasons at Maricopa, Arizona. Seasonal irrigation amounts were different among irrigation scheduling treatments (p < 0.05), with 9–21% less water recommended for the AQCSWC, CSMSWC, and FAOSWC treatments as compared to AQC, CSM, and FAO. In 2021, the differences in irrigation amount did not lead to any statistical differences in fiber yield among irrigation treatments, but water productivity for the stand-alone CSM model was significantly reduced compared to the other five irrigation treatments (p < 0.05). In 2022, treatments based on soil water content data reduced yield by 15% as compared to stand-alone model treatments, but the reduction was significant only for FAOSWC. Water productivity differences in 2022 were due to the choice of model rather than the inclusion of soil water content data. In both years, the shorter-season cotton variety (NexGen 3195) yielded greater than the longer-season variety (NexGen 4926), and the former achieved greater water productivity than the latter through the yield improvements (p < 0.05). Taken together, the results suggest that combining soil water content data with irrigation scheduling models was useful for reducing irrigation amounts while often maintaining cotton fiber yield and water productivity; however, issues with weather station aridity and other measurement uncertainties must be addressed to improve the methodology. Keywords: Cotton, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation, Management, Sensor, Simulation, Water.
The Lost Literature of Medieval Spain: Excerpts from a Tentative Catalogue
Authors: Deyermond Alan
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This article, based on Alan Deyermond's project to catalogue the so-called lost works of medieval Castilian literature, first appeared in volume 5, number 2 of La corónica in 1977. He would go on to publish over the next 20+ years a series of articles on the subject, including a book-length study of lost epic and ballads in 1995.
Looking Back and Looking Beyond: Food Studies in Premodern Iberia
Authors: Nadeau Carolyn A.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This essay summarizes how literary scholars have analyzed and evaluated premodern Iberian foodways over the past five decades. The first section provides insights on the rise of literary food studies, particularly as they relate to premodern texts of the Iberian Peninsula. The author includes key examples of academic programs, publications, and conferences dedicated to food studies. The second segment offers an historic overview of the major cooking manuals up to the sixteenth century and points to trends that developed over the centuries and across regions. The third section acknowledges contributions of literary scholars who bring to food studies insights regarding fictional forms that reflect human existence, daily life and struggles, and a search for, or perhaps a questioning of, taste and pleasure. The essay closes with proposed future directions for approaching works of literature from a food studies perspective.
Loss is More: Revisiting the Relics of the Medieval Spanish Epic
Authors: Hazbun Geraldine
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This piece situates itself in a chain of scholarly responses to Ramón Menéndez Pidal's theoretical framing of the "relics" of the medieval Spanish epic. It does so by revisiting Catherine Brown's "The Relics of Menéndez Pidal: Mourning and Melancholia in Hispanomedieval Studies," a seminal article published in La corónica in 1995 (vol. 24, no.1). Brown's article underlines Menéndez Pidal's abiding influence on epic studies and explores his idiosyncratic discourse, and critical framework, of loss and recuperation, understood as both the dearth of surviving texts and as a way of reading the epic's themes and modes. I highlight, in both Menéndez Pidal's Reliquias, and in Brown's assessment of its impact, a willingness to linger on contradiction and to accept that recovering wholeness for the epic tradition requires us to confront loss, partiality, and even futility. Inspired by the vestigial framework set out by Menéndez Pidal, and nuanced and revalidated by Brown, I argue that epic studies today needs to unashamedly inhabit, and to continue to explore, a middle ground that is both fragmentary and brimming with creative potential. Buoyed by Brown's invitation not to despair in the act of reassembling the epic, and maybe even to see tragicomedy therein, I suggest that it is in the very nature and narrative of epic to shape identities from unlikely and varied combinations. Epic's missing pieces are also its imaginative asset.
Control of photon-photon interaction via a cavity
Authors: Yang Ya , Lu Jing , ZHou Lan
Published: October 2023

Controlling the interaction between photons is one of the important technologies applied to quantum information processing at the few-photon level. We investigate the two-photon interaction via a Ξ-type atom, where one atomic transition is coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide, and the other transition is coupled to a cavity field. Whether the cavity is initially in the vacuum state or not, determines the effective configuration of the quantum emitter. When the cavity is in the vacuum state, only one bound state appears. We further found that the joint probability of transmitted photons oscillates with their spatial separation due to the coexistence of two bound states, if the cavity is in fock state |n〉 (n ≠ 0). With the incoming wave function consists entirely of plane waves, we present the exact out-state function that exhibit the bunching and antibunching behaviors. And, we discuss in detail with the behaviors of varying both the photon pair energy(E) and the energy difference between the two photons (Δ). Moreover, the spatial attraction and repulsion between the two transmitted photons can be controlled by the parameters of the cavity.
Efficient training of unitary optical neural networks
Authors: Lu Kunrun , Guo Xianxin
Published: October 2023

Deep learning has profoundly reshaped the technology landscape in numerous scientific areas and industrial sectors. This technology advancement is, nevertheless, confronted with severe bottlenecks in digital computing. Optical neural network presents a promising solution due to the ultra-high computing speed and energy efficiency. In this work, we present systematic study of unitary optical neural network (UONN) as an approach towards optical deep learning. Our results show that the UONN can be trained to high accuracy through special unitary gradient descent optimization, and the UONN is robust against physical imperfections and noises, hence it is more suitable for physical implementation than existing ONNs.
Dark field imaging of high aspect ratio structures – a simple model
Authors: Syms Richard R. A. , Kwan Fu Yee , Sydoruk Oleksiy
Published: October 2023

A simplified model for dark-field optical imaging of three-dimensional high aspect ratio micro- and nano- structures is proposed, to reduce the time taken to simulate object fields with in-plane scattering between different parts of the object. Primary scattering is found by assuming that illumination of Manhattan geometries generates a set of spherical edge waves, following the incremental theory of diffraction. Secondary scattering is found by assuming that primary scattering is re-scattered from nearby features. Diffraction coefficients are simplified, and the number of illuminating beams is limited to those generating waves that enter the objective lens. Images obtained using TE and TM polarizations are compared, and results are benchmarked against a vectorial finite element model. Applications lie in simulating optical inspection of structures containing vertically etched features including MEMS and NEMS.
Degradation of Ta2O5 / SiO2 dielectric cavity mirrors in ultra-high vacuum
Authors: Rudelis Alyssa , Hu Beili , Sinclair Josiah , Bytyqi Edita , Schwartzman Alan , Brenes Roberto , Kadosh Zhitomirsky Tamar , Schleier-Smith Monika , Vuletić Vladan
Published: October 2023

In order for optical cavities to enable strong light-matter interactions for quantum metrology, networking, and scalability in quantum computing systems, their mirrors must have minimal losses. However, high-finesse dielectric cavity mirrors can degrade in ultra-high vacuum (UHV), increasing the challenges of upgrading to cavity-coupled quantum systems. We observe the optical degradation of high-finesse dielectric optical cavity mirrors after high-temperature UHV bake in the form of a substantial increase in surface roughness. We provide an explanation of the degradation through atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), selective wet etching, and optical measurements. We find the degradation is explained by oxygen reduction in Ta2O5 followed by growth of tantalum sub-oxide defects with height to width aspect ratios near ten. We discuss the dependence of mirror loss on surface roughness and finally give recommendations to avoid degradation to allow for quick adoption of cavity-coupled systems.
Tunable linear-to-circular terahertz polarization convertor enabled by a plasmonic nanocomposite metasurface
Authors: Liu Junxiao , Zhang Dainan , Wen Qiye , Zhong Zhiyong , Wen Tianlong
Published: October 2023

We proposed and demonstrated a metasurface based terahertz polarizer consisting of an optically responsive nanocomposite and a flexible base body, which fulfilled the function of linear-to-circular polarization conversion in transmission mode. Meanwhile, as the dynamic and stretchable materials enable the active manipulation of conversion points, evident frequency shifts for circular polarization transformation were discovered by applying laser irradiation and tension. Hence the modulation of conversion points covered a broadband with combination of those two external excitations. This THz polarization convertor may find its applications in polarization controls and beam steering, which also provides a low-cost and large-scale manufacturable method to achieve versatile active THz devices.
Inference of transmission dynamics and retrospective forecast of invasive meningococcal disease
Authors: Cascante-Vega Jaime , Galanti Marta , Schley Katharina , Pei Sen , Shaman Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

The pathogenic bacteria Neisseria meningitidis, which causes invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), predominantly colonizes humans asymptomatically; however, invasive disease occurs in a small proportion of the population. Here, we explore the seasonality of IMD and develop and validate a suite of models for simulating and forecasting disease outcomes in the United States. We combine the models into multi-model ensembles (MME) based on the past performance of the individual models, as well as a naive equally weighted aggregation, and compare the retrospective forecast performance over a six-month forecast horizon. Deployment of the complete vaccination regimen, introduced in 2011, coincided with a change in the periodicity of IMD, suggesting altered transmission dynamics. We found that a model forced with the period obtained by local power wavelet decomposition best fit and forecast observations. In addition, the MME performed the best across the entire study period. Finally, our study included US-level data until 2022, allowing study of a possible IMD rebound after relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, no evidence of a rebound was found. Our findings demonstrate the ability of process-based models to retrospectively forecast IMD and provide a first analysis of the seasonality of IMD before and after the complete vaccination regimen.
Place identity as a mediator between motivation and tourist loyalty in ‘red tourism’
Authors: Dai Qiwen , Peng Shan , Guo Zijing , Zhang Chunyu , Dai Yanhong , Hao Wenjie , Zheng Yanqiao , Xu Wei
Published: October 2023

This paper constructs a theoretical analysis model based on the theories of planned behaviour, consumer emotion and identity by surveying tourists in Zunyi city, China and employing structural equation modelling to explore the influence mechanisms of tourist motivation, satisfaction and place identity on the loyalty of ‘red tourism’. The research results demonstrated a relationship between tourist motivation, satisfaction, place identity and tourist loyalty and thus confirmed the theoretical model. Tourist satisfaction and place identity are important means by which tourist motivation affects the loyalty of red tourism. However, tourist motivation cannot directly affect red tourism loyalty, though it can indirectly affect it via satisfaction and place identity. Tourist motivation not only directly influences the satisfaction of red tourism but also indirectly influences it through place identity. Furthermore, tourist motivation affects place identity. The mere recognition of place identity does not automatically attract tourists’ loyalty but can, through their experiencing satisfaction, indirectly inspire it. Nevertheless, place identity can only directly affect tourist satisfaction, and tourist satisfaction can only directly affect red tourism loyalty.
Knowledge about and prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in a population-based sample of emerging Croatian adults
Authors: Bozicevic Ivana , Blazic Tatjana Nemeth , Kosanovic Licina Mirjana Lana , Marijan Tatjana , Mestrovic Tomislav , De Zan Tihana , Stulhofer Aleksandar
Published: October 2023

To determine the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) infection, knowledge about chlamydia and experience of previous testing for chlamydia, we carried out a national probability-based survey in emerging adults aged 18–25 years in Croatia in 2021–2022. Participants (n = 1197), members of a national online panel, completed a web-based questionnaire that collected information on socio-demographics, sexual behaviours and knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Urine specimens from a sample of sexually experienced participants were self-collected and tested for chlamydia using Cobas 4800 CT/NG test. To achieve broad representativeness of the emerging adult population in the country, we applied post-hoc weighting for gender and age. Multivariable ordinary least squares linear regression was used to determine correlates of knowledge about chlamydia infection and binomial logistic regression to assess correlates of the willingness to test for chlamydia. Among 448 participants who sent in their urine specimens chlamydia prevalence was 2.5% (95% CI 1.2–5.1) in women and 1.0% (0.3–3.2%) in men. A total of 8.0% of women and 4.7% men reported testing for chlamydia prior to the survey. About a quarter of the sample was characterized by not answering correctly any of the six questions related to knowledge about chlamydia, while only 9.6% had five or six correct answers. In the multivariable analysis, significantly higher odds of willingness to test for chlamydia were found in females compared to males (OR = 1.34, p = 0.024), those with better knowledge about the infection (OR = 1.11, p = 0.005), and those with lower religiosity (OR = 0.91, p = 0.017). In conclusion, prevalence of chlamydia in emerging adults in Croatia is considerable. Efforts to control this infection should focus on primary prevention and targeted testing combined with effective case management strategies.
Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from Antrodia camphorata against ESKAPE pathogens
Authors: Zhang Ya-Dong , Liu Liang-Yan , Wang Dong , Yuan Xiao-Long , Zheng Yuan , Wang Yi
Published: October 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health globally. Antrodia camphorata was grown in a malt/yeast extract broth liquid medium for 15 days. Then, 4-L fermentation broth was harvested, yielding 7.13 g of the ethyl acetate extract. By tracing the antimicrobial activity, 12.22 mg of the antimicrobial compound was isolated. The structure of 5-methyl-benzo [1,3]-dioxole-4,7-diol (MBBD) was elucidated using NMR and MS data analyses. The antibacterial activity of MBBD was detected through the microbroth dilution method. MBBD exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of MBBD for drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria was 64–256 μg/mL, with the lowest MIC observed for Acinetobacter baumannii (64 μg/mL), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 128 μg/mL). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli were also sensitive, with an MIC of 256 μg/mL. The MIC range of MBBD against 10 foodborne pathogens was 12.5–100 μg/mL. Based on the results of this study, MBBD exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, particularly demonstrating excellent inhibitory effects against A. baumannii. MBBD will be good candidates for new antimicrobial drugs.
Presentación de "Espacio. Casa, calle y otro mundo: el caso de Brasil", de Roberto Da Matta
Authors: Doldán Ana , Donley Julia , Gonzalez Duque Harol , Merklen Denis , Raoul Maiwenn
Published: October 2023

Presentación de "Espacio. Casa, calle y otro mundo: el caso de Brasil", de Roberto Da Matta. Ana Doldan, Julia Donley, Harol Gonzalez Duque, Denis Merklen y Maïwenn Raoul realizaron la traducción del trabajo de Roberto DaMatta titulado "Espaço. Casa, rua e outro mundo: o caso do Brasil" que fue publicado en el libro A casa e a rua. Espaço, cidadania, mulher e morte no Brasil por la editorial Rocco de Rio de Janeiro, en 1997. Agradecemos al autor y a la editorial habernos dado los permisos para su traducción y publicación.
Las casas de Dios: usos religiosos de la arquitectura en el siglo de la secularización
Authors: Seman Pablo
Published: October 2023

La relación entre hogar y religión en la modernidad esconde, tras la posibilidad de la separación absoluta presentada por el paradigma de la secularización, diversos regímenes de diálogo e imbricación entre religión y sociedad. En diversos casos la casa no expulsa ni aísla la religión sino que se organiza de forma que la entreteje en su disposición. La casa puede ser un lugar de despliegue de una noción de persona que incluye lo sagrado como instancia de remate de una totalidad. E inversamente la iglesia puede mimetizarse con un hogar moderno y próspero y, por ello, santificado. Así, hogares e iglesias (casas de Dios) están atravesados por las tendencias de secularización, pero también por sus contratendencias y por sus formas paradójicas. Describiremos estas alternativas teniendo en cuenta que, tal como se la practica y se la vive hoy, más que un residuo del pasado, la religión es un producto de la modernidad.
The nature of the physical and the meaning of physicalism
Authors: Jalloh Mahmoud
Published: October 2023

I provide an account of the physical appropriate to the task of the physicalist while remaining faithful to the usage of “physical” natural to physicists. Physicalism is the thesis that everything in the world is physical, or reducible to the physical. I presuppose that some version of this position is a live epistemic possibility. The physicalist is confronted with Hempel’s dilemma: that physicalism is either false or contentless. The proposed account of the physical avoids both horns and generalizes a recent proposal by Vicente (2011). My account defines physicalism as the thesis that there are no objects that cannot be described by physical quantities. A dimensional account of physical quantities is given: quantities are determined by measurement procedures.
Violeros en el Madrid de la segundad mitad del siglo XVIII. «Obras y composturas»
Authors: Fonseca Sánchez-Jara Elsa María
Published: October 2023

Desde principios del siglo XVIII las fructíferas relaciones entre España e Italia propiciaron el comercio de magníficos instrumentos de arco. Este escenario motivó una rápida asimilación de los modelos italianos de Amati y Stradivari que culminó con el trabajo de los luthieres al servicio de la corte española de Carlos IV príncipe y rey entre 1759-1808. Principalmente, fueron dos las familias o talleres de luthería que trabajaron activamente para este entorno cortesano y madrileño. Una de ellas, la familia Contreras, estaba formada por José Contreras “El Granadino”, su hijo: José Melitón Contreras, y su nieto José Pedro Contreras. Tanto “El Granadino” como su hijo realizaron varios trabajos y construyeron violines, violonchelos, y arcos. En la actualidad, siguiendo las últimas investigaciones podemos decir que se conoce un número relevante de ejemplares, ca. 30 que indican la autoría por parte del Granadino. La segunda familia o taller se inició con Vicente Assensio, bachiller y presbítero, apodado “El cura o el curita” por su condición eclesiástica; y su sobrino Silverio Ortega. De ambos se conservan en la actualidad pocos instrumentos porque en sus trabajos predominaron las facetas de reparación y modernización en un periodo de gran cambio sonoro.
A digitális oktatás kihívásai a Covid-19 árnyékában
Authors: Hargitai Dávid Máté , Töreki Stefánia Matild
Published: October 2023

A COVID-19 világjárvány a hallgatók ajtón kívül tartására
kényszerítette a hazai felsőoktatási intézményeket is. Ennek ellenére az
igény a hallgatók oktatására továbbra is fennállt. A gyorsított ütemű
átállás az online oktatásra nagy (digitális) kihívás elé állította a magyar
felsőoktatást. Egy korábbi tanulmányban a Pannon Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi
Karán 2020 márciusában végeztek kutatást azzal kapcsolatban, hogy miként
lehet fenntartani az oktatás folytonosságát és a szolgáltatás minőségét
ebben a helyzetben. A kutatás folytatásaként ez a tanulmány a digitális
oktatással kapcsolatos elégedettséget vizsgálta (közvetlenül a pandémia
időszakát követően) az eszközhasználat, a támogató folyamatok és
kapcsolatok vonatkozásában. A hallgatói mintán (N=211) végzett útelemzés
eredményei rámutattak azokra a fókuszpontokra, amelyek a digitális oktatás
kihívásaiként értelmezhetők, és hatást gyakorolnak a digitális motivációra.
Mindezen információk és következtetések nem csak egy hasonló helyzetben
lehetnek hasznosak, hanem segítségül szolgálhatnak a digitális tananyagok
és képzések fejlesztésében is.
Értelmezhető-e a marketing csere nélkül?
Authors: Honti Tamás
Published: October 2023

A politikai marketinggel foglalkozó szerzők egyetértenek abban, hogy
a terület egyik alapvető teoretikus problémája a politikai termék
meghatározása, ezért munkám célja a csere szerepének vizsgálata a politika
piacán, és úgy vélem ez önmagán túlmutató következményekkel bír a marketing
gondolkodás számára. A főáramú megközelítés szerint csere nélkül nem
beszélhetünk marketing tevékenységről, ezért a tanulmányban két nagyhatású
politikai gazdaságtani elmélet segítségével értelmezem a politikai
cserefolyamatot. A politikai marketing gondolkodásának gyökereit Schumpeter
politikai gazdaságtani elméletéhez vezethetjük vissza, és ez alapján az új
politikai gazdaságtan képviselői a cserét az egész társadalomra
kiterjeszthető integrációs mechanizmusnak tartják, ami megegyezik a
társadalmi marketing koncepciójával. Munkámban először bemutatom Schumpeter
politikai gazdaságtani elméletét, majd ütköztetem az új politikai
gazdaságtan képviselőinek gondolkodásával. Ezzel a két közgazdaságtani
megközelítéssel a csere politikában betöltött szerepét járom körbe, és ezek
alapján szeretnék releváns következtetéseket megfogalmazni a marketing
gondolkodás számára.