bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Microalgae as a Sustainable Feed Supplement and Fishmeal Substitute in Aquaculture with a Positive Impact on Human Nutrition
Authors: Darwish Randa M. , Magee Kieran James , Gedi Mohamed A. , Farmanfarmaian Ardeshir , Zaky Abdelrahman S. , Young Iain , Gray David A.
Published: July 2023

Currently, there is an urgent need for the growing aquaculture sector to rely on sustainable ingredients which can achieve optimal growth while maintaining fish’s nutritional value (especially omega-3 fatty acid content) for human consumption. Here, C. reinhardtii biomass was substituted for fishmeal in zebrafish (Danio rerio) diets in wild-type and mutant (Casper) strains. Four isonitrogenous (46% cp), isocaloric (19–21 MJ/kg DW) diets were prepared with C. reinhardtii replacing 10% (C10), 20% (C20), and 50% (C50) of the fishmeal component of the diet formulation. Over 8 weeks of feeding trials, the zebrafish showed a significant growth improvement when fed C10, C20, and C50 compared with the control (no C. reinhardtii), with C20 giving the best performance in terms of growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR). Interestingly, C. reinhardtii in the diet increased the levels of linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) and hexadecatrienoic acid (C16: 4-n-3) (p ≤ 0.05) in the zebrafish. Yellow pigmentation, which was shown to be lutein, was observed in eggs and zebrafish flesh for fish fed a diet containing C. reinhardtii. Moreover, the zebrafish assimilated β-carotene from C. reinhardtii and converted it to vitamin A. Overall, while replacing 20% of fishmen in the zebrafish’s diet with C. reinhardtii biomass offers the best results, replacement with only 10% showed a significant benefit for the zebrafish. Furthermore, replacing fishmeal with 50% C. reinhardtii is still possible and beneficial, and C. reinhardtii whole cells are digestible by zebrafish, thus demonstrating that C. reinhardtii not only has the potential to serve as a feed supplement but that it can also act as a feed substitute once the production cost of microalgae becomes competitive.
Quantifying the Economic and Financial Viability of NB-IoT and LoRaWAN Technologies: A Comprehensive Life Cycle Cost Analysis Using Pragmatic Computational Tools
Authors: Koelmel Bernhard , Borsch Max , Bulander Rebecca , Waidelich Lukas , Brugger Tanja , Kuehn Ansgar , Weyer Matthias , Schmerber Luc , Krutwig Michael
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on quantifying the economic and financial viability of NB-IoT and LoRaWAN technologies, two low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies with unique characteristics that make them suitable for IoT applications. The purpose of this study is to propose a “pragmatic” artifact for performing life cycle cost analysis and demonstrate its application to these technologies. The methodology uses pragmatic computational tools to facilitate the analysis and considers all relevant economic and financial factors, such as operating costs, equipment costs, and revenue potential. The main finding of this study is that Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technologies have different cost structures and revenue potentials, which may affect their economic and financial viability for different IoT applications. Ultimately, the study concludes that a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis is critical to making informed decisions about technology adoption, and that the proposed methodology can be applied to other IoT technologies to gain insight into their economic and financial viability.
Properties of Paperboard Coated with Natural Polymers and Polymer Blends: Effect of the Number of Coating Layers
Authors: Naitzel Thaís de Cássia , Garcia Vitor Augusto dos Santos , Lourenço Carla Alves Monaco , Vanin Fernanda Maria , Yoshida Cristiana Maria Pedroso , Carvalho Rosemary Aparecida de
Published: July 2023

Paper is one of the packaging materials that presents a biodegradable character, being used in several areas; however, its barrier properties (gases and fat) and mechanics are reduced, which limits its application. Coating papers with synthetic polymers improve these properties, reducing their biodegradability and recyclability. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize coated paperboard, using the tape casting technique, with different ratios of film form agar–agar/chitosan (AA:CHI, 100:0, 50:50, and 0:100) and different numbers of coating layers (operating times for application of 14.25 min and 28.5 min for one and two layers, respectively). A significant reduction in water absorption capacity was found by applying a 0:100 coating (approximately 15%). Considering all coating formulations, the water vapor permeability reduced by 10 to 60% compared to uncoated paperboard, except for two layers coated with 0:100. The tensile index (independent of AA:CHI) was higher in the machine direction (22.59 to 24.99 MPa) than in the cross-section (11.87–13.01 MPa). Paperboard coated only with chitosan showed superior properties compared to the other formulation coatings evaluated.
Dietary Supplementation with Popped Amaranth Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Low Height-for-Age Children: A Nonrandomized Pilot Trial
Authors: Calva-Cruz Oscar de Jesús , Ovando-Vázquez Cesaré , De León-Rodríguez Antonio , Veana Fabiola , Espitia-Rangel Eduardo , Treviño Samuel , Barba-de la Rosa Ana Paulina
Published: July 2023

Amaranth has been recognized as a nutraceutical food because it contains high-quality proteins due to its adequate amino acid composition that covers the recommended requirements for children and adults. Since pre-Hispanic times, amaranth has been consumed as popped grain; the popping process improves its nutritive quality and improves its digestibility. Popped amaranth consumption has been associated with the recovery of malnourished children. However, there is no information on the impact that popped amaranth consumption has on gut microbiota composition. A non-randomized pilot trial was conducted to evaluate the changes in composition, structure, and function of the gut microbiota of stunted children who received four grams of popped amaranth daily for three months. Stool and serum were collected at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were quantified, and gut bacterial composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Biometry and hematology results showed that children had no pathology other than low height-for-age. A decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes putredinis, Bacteroides coprocola, and Bacteroides stercoris bacteria related to inflammation and colitis, and an increase in the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Streptococcus thermophiles bacteria associated with health and longevity, was observed. The results demonstrate that popped amaranth is a nutritious food that helps to combat childhood malnutrition through gut microbiota modulation.
A Hybrid Model for Multi-Day-Ahead Electricity Price Forecasting considering Price Spikes
Authors: Manfre Jaimes Daniel , Zamudio López Manuel , Zareipour Hamidreza , Quashie Mike
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a new hybrid model to forecast electricity market prices up to four days ahead. The components of the proposed model are combined in two dimensions. First, on the “vertical” dimension, long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models are stacked up to produce supplementary price forecasts. The final forecasts are then picked depending on how the predictions compare to a price spike threshold. On the “horizontal” dimension, five models are designed to extend the forecasting horizon to four days. This is an important requirement to make forecasts useful for market participants who trade energy and ancillary services multiple days ahead. The horizontally cascaded models take advantage of the availability of specific public data for each forecasting horizon. To enhance the forecasting capability of the model in dealing with price spikes, we deploy a previously unexplored input in the proposed methodology. That is, to use the recent variations in the output power of thermal units as an indicator of unplanned outages or shift in the supply stack. The proposed method is tested using data from Alberta’s electricity market, which is known for its volatility and price spikes. An economic application of the developed forecasting model is also carried out to demonstrate how several market players in the Alberta electricity market can benefit from the proposed multi-day ahead price forecasting model. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed methodology is effective in enhancing forecasting accuracy and price spike detection.
The Novel Variant NP_00454563.2 (p.Glu259Glyfs*77) in Gene PKP2 Associated with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy in 8 Families from Malaga, Spain
Authors: Robles-Mezcua Ainhoa , Ruíz-Salas Amalio , Medina-Palomo Carmen , Robles-Mezcua María , Díaz-Expósito Arancha , Ortega-Jiménez María Victoria , Gimeno-Blanes Juan Ramón , Jiménez-Navarro Manuel F. , García-Pinilla José Manuel
Published: July 2023

Introduction and objectives: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a hereditary heart disease defined by the progressive replacement of the ventricular myocardium with fibroadipose tissue, which can act as a substrate for arrhythmias, sudden death, or even give rise to heart failure (HF). Sudden death is frequently the first manifestation of the disease, particularly among young patients. The aim of this study is to describe a new pathogenic variant in the PKP2 gene. Methods: A descriptive observational study that included eight initially non-interrelated families with a diagnosis of ACM undergoing follow-up at our HF and Familial Cardiomyopathies Unit, who were carriers of the NM_004572.3:c.775_776insG; p.(Glu259Glyfs*77) variant in the PKP2 gene. The genetic testing employed next-generation sequencing for the index cases and the Sanger method for the targeted study with family members. We compiled personal and family histories, demographic and clinical characteristics, data from the additional tests at the time of diagnosis, and arrhythmic events at diagnosis and during follow-up. Results: We included 47 subjects, of whom 8 were index cases (17%). Among the evaluated family members, 16 (34%) were carriers of the genetic variant, 3 of whom also had a diagnosis of ACM. The majority were women (26 patients; 55.3%), with a mean age on diagnosis of 48.9 ± 18.6 years and a median follow-up of 39 [24–59] months. Worthy of note are the high incidences of arrhythmic events as the form of presentation and in follow-up (21.5% and 20.9%, respectively), and the onset of HF in 25% of the sample. The most frequent ventricular involvements were right (four patients, 16.7%) and biventricular (four patients, 16.7%); we found no statistical differences in any of the variables analysed. Conclusions: This variant is a pathogenic variant of gene PKP2 that has not previously been described and is not present in the control groups associated with ACM. It has incomplete penetrance, a highly variable phenotypic expressivity, and was identified in eight families of our geographical area in Malaga (Andalusia, Spain), suggesting a founder effect in this area and describe the clinical and risk characteristics.
Undiagnosed Rare Genetic Disorders: Importance of Functional Characterization of Variants
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Waqas Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Rare Genetic Disorders (RGDs) are defined as disorders that affect less than 1 in 2000 people, and collectively affect more than 300 million people worldwide [...]
Selection and Validation of Reference Genes in Virus-Infected Sweet Potato Plants
Authors: Li Guangyan , Sun Xiaohui , Zhu Xiaoping , Wu Bin , Hong Hao , Xin Zhimei , Xin Xiangqi , Peng Jiejun , Jiang Shanshan
Published: July 2023

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in sweet potatoes requires accurate data normalization; however, there are insufficient studies on appropriate reference genes for gene expression analysis. We examined variations in the expression of eight candidate reference genes in the leaf and root tissues of sweet potatoes (eight nonvirus-infected or eight virus-infected samples). Parallel analyses with geNorm, NormFinder, and Best-Keeper show that different viral infections and origin tissues affect the expression levels of these genes. Based on the results of the evaluation of the three software, the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor is suitable for nonvirus or virus-infected sweet potato leaves. Cyclophilin and ubiquitin extension proteins are suitable for nonvirus-infected sweet potato leaves. Phospholipase D1 alpha is suitable for virus-infected sweet potato leaves. Actin is suitable for roots of nonvirus-infected sweet potatoes. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is suitable for virus-infected sweet potato roots. The research provides appropriate reference genes for further analysis in leaf and root samples of viruses in sweet potatoes.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of African Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Accessions Assessed through Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Markers
Authors: Yahaya Muhammad Ahmad , Shimelis Hussein , Nebie Baloua , Ojiewo Chris Ochieng , Rathore Abhishek , Das Roma
Published: July 2023

Assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of cultivated sorghum is important for heterotic grouping, breeding population development, marker-assisted cultivar development, and release. The objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic diversity and deduce the population structure of 200 sorghum accessions using diversity arrays technology (DArT)-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.10 to 0.50 with an average of 0.32, while the average observed heterozygosity (0.15) was relatively low, which is a typical value for autogamous crops species like sorghum. Moderate polymorphic information content (PIC) values were identified with a mean of 0.26, which indicates the informativeness of the chosen SNP markers. The population structure and cluster analyses revealed four main clusters with a high level of genetic diversity among the accessions studied. The variation within populations (41.5%) was significantly higher than that among populations (30.8%) and between samples within the structure (27.7%). The study identified distantly related sorghum accessions such as SAMSORG 48, KAURA RED GLUME; Gadam, AS 152; CSRO1, ICNSL2014-062; and YALAI, KAFI MORI. The accessions exhibited wide genetic diversity that will be useful in developing new gene pools and novel genotypes for West Africa sorghum breeding programs.
Questioning Walking Tourism from a Phenomenological Perspective: Epistemological and Methodological Innovations
Authors: Rabbiosi Chiara , Meneghello Sabrina
Published: July 2023

This article aims to illuminate the overlooked entanglement of space, material practices, affects, and cognitive work emplaced in walking tourism. Walking as a tourism activity is generally practised in the open air away from crowded locations; therefore, it is being encouraged even more in this (post)pandemic era than prior to the pandemic. While walking is often represented as a relatively easy activity in common promotional discourse, this article argues that it is much more complex. It revises the notion of tourist place performance, focusing on walking both as a tourist practice and as a research method that questions multi-sensory and emotional walker engagement. While extensively revisiting literature on walking tourism and the most novel methodological innovations, the article draws from a walking tourism experience undertaken as part of a student trip to demonstrate that the emotions that arise from walkers’ embodied encounters with living, as well as inanimate elements, extend beyond what might be included in a simple focus on landscape “sights”. In conclusion, it is suggested that a phenomenological approach to walking may prove particularly useful for understanding key issues associated with space, place, and tourism mobilities.
Adaptation, Parody, and Disabled Masculinity in Motherless Brooklyn
Authors: Wilkins Christina
Published: July 2023

In the 2019 adaptation Motherless Brooklyn, the story is transposed from the 90s to the America of the 50s. These changes were made because of star and director Edward Norton’s desire to have a less ‘ironic’ rendering of the characters present in the text written by Jonathan Lethem. What it results in is a shift in the context that changes the story altogether; not only that but the lack of parody alters the relationship to genre, and the portrayal of disability functions as a performance. This article argues that there are multiple levels of adaptation here: the adaptation of the text, of the present to the past, and an adaptation of disability to fit the understanding of genre and medium. These layers illuminate both societal understandings of masculinity and disability, and Norton’s own, through Hutcheon’s notion of adaptation as palimpsest.
Blood Flow Restriction in Oncological Patients: Advantages and Safety Considerations
Authors: Vinolo-Gil Maria Jesus , García-Campanario Ismael , Estebanez-Pérez María-José , Pastora-Bernal José-Manuel , Rodríguez-Huguet Manuel , Martín-Vega Francisco Javier
Published: July 2023

Background: Cancer, being a highly widespread disease on a global scale, has prompted researchers to explore innovative treatment approaches. In this regard, blood flow restriction has emerged as a promising procedure utilized in diverse clinical populations with favorable results including improvements in muscle strength, cardiovascular function, and postoperative recovery. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of blood flow restriction in cancer survivors. Methods: An investigation was carried out using various databases until February 2023: PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Plus, SPORTDiscus, Physiotherapy and Podiatry of the Complutense University of Madrid, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Research Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Literature Complete Journal Storage, and the gray literature. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, the PEDro scale was utilized, and the Cochrane Collaboration tool was employed to evaluate the risk of bias. Results: Five articles found that blood flow restriction was beneficial in improving several factors, including quality of life, physical function, strength, and lean mass, and in reducing postoperative complications and the length of hospital stay. Conclusion: Blood flow restriction can be a viable and effective treatment option. It is important to note that the caution with which one should interpret these results is due to the restricted quantity of articles and significant variation, and future research should concentrate on tailoring the application to individual patients, optimizing load progression, ensuring long-term follow-up, and enhancing the methodological rigor of studies, such as implementing sample blinding.
Improving Patient Safety in the X-ray Inspection Process with EfficientNet-Based Medical Assistance System
Authors: Chen Shyh-Wei , Chen Jyun-Kai , Hsieh Yu-Heng , Chen Wen-Hsien , Liao Ying-Hsiang , Lin You-Cheng , Chen Ming-Chih , Tsai Ching-Tsorng , Chai Jyh-Wen , Yuan Shyan-Ming
Published: July 2023

Patient safety is a paramount concern in the medical field, and advancements in deep learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have opened up new possibilities for improving healthcare practices. While AI has shown promise in assisting doctors with early symptom detection from medical images, there is a critical need to prioritize patient safety by enhancing existing processes. To enhance patient safety, this study focuses on improving the medical operation process during X-ray examinations. In this study, we utilize EfficientNet for classifying the 49 categories of pre-X-ray images. To enhance the accuracy even further, we introduce two novel Neural Network architectures. The classification results are then compared with the doctor’s order to ensure consistency and minimize discrepancies. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed models, a comprehensive dataset comprising 49 different categories and over 12,000 training and testing sheets was collected from Taichung Veterans General Hospital. The research demonstrates a significant improvement in accuracy, surpassing a 4% enhancement compared to previous studies.
Determination of the Frequency of Migraine Attacks in Pregnant Women and the Ways They Cope with Headaches: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kardes Guzin , Hadimli Aytul , Ergenoglu Ahmet Mete
Published: July 2023

One out of every five women of reproductive age suffers from migraine. Although headaches subside in most women during pregnancy, attacks continue and even worsen in some women. Pregnant women try to relieve pain with medication or non-pharmacological treatment methods. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the incidence of migraine attacks in pregnant women diagnosed with migraine and the ways they cope with headaches. The study included 191 pregnant women who were diagnosed with migraine in the pre-pregnancy period. McNemar analysis was performed to test the relationship between descriptive statistical methods and categorical variables when the data were analyzed. The mean gestational age of the participants was 28.31 ± 8.64 weeks, and their mean age at the onset of migraine was 20.74 ± 5.63 years. The comparison of the duration, frequency, and severity of headaches suffered before and during pregnancy demonstrated that there were statistical differences between them (p < 0.05). The frequency of using methods such as taking painkillers, resting in a dark room, and having cold application and massage to relieve headaches before pregnancy decreased statistically significantly during pregnancy (p < 0.05). As a result, the frequency and severity of migraines decrease during pregnancy. The tendency to resort to pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods used to relieve headaches decreases during pregnancy. Although migraine has many adverse effects on pregnancy, pregnant women do not demand satisfactory information from health professionals about migraine headaches during pregnancy.
Exploring Yoga Behaviors among College Students Based on the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Change
Authors: Dai Chia-Liang , Chen Ching-Chen , Sharma Manoj
Published: July 2023

During college years, perceived stress is the top reported hindrance to well-being and academic success. Data on the acceptance and perceived benefits of yoga among college students are limited. A purposive sample of college students (n = 79) from a course centered on Vinyasa Yoga and Mindfulness Meditation were recruited. Comprehensive yoga journaling data were collected, and a directed content analysis along the constructs of the multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change was utilized. The advantages of yoga that emerged were improved physical performance, reduced perceived stress, acceptance of oneself, better well-being, and improved coping. The identified disadvantages were time commitment, lack of motivation, and other competing interests. Learning through small steps, modifications, and identifying multiple sources of confidence helped build behavioral confidence. Practicing at home or at a yoga studio was a common theme for support in the physical environment. Directing negative emotions into purposes was helpful in maintaining the yoga practice. Sustained commitment to the practice also helped maintain the regular performance of yoga. Finally, social support from family, friends, and instructors was vital for continued practice. The study has important ramifications for the development of survey tools for descriptive studies and designing behavior-change yoga interventions in this target population.
Vascular Effects, Potential Pathways and Mediators of Fetal Exposure to Alcohol and Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hartel Tammy C. , Oelofse André , De Smidt Juléy J. A.
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: Programming of atherosclerosis results in vascular structure and function alterations, which may be attributed to fetal exposure to maternal tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and several lifestyle factors in the first few years of life. This review aims to study the effects of teratogen exposure in utero on vascular dysfunction in offspring and consider mediators and pathways originating from the fetal environment. (2) Methods: Eligible studies were identified in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. After the full-text screening, 20 articles were included in the narrative synthesis. (3) Results: The literature presents evidence supporting the detrimental effects of fetal exposure to tobacco smoking on vascular alterations in both human and animal studies. Alcohol exposure impaired endothelial dilation in animal studies, but human studies on both tobacco and alcohol exposure are still sparse. Reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and alterations in the epigenome in infants through the upregulation of pro-oxidative and proinflammatory genes may be the common denominators. (4) Conclusion: While maternal smoking and alcohol consumption have more negative outcomes on the infant in the short term, several factors during the first few years of life may mediate the development of vascular dysfunction. Therefore, more prospective studies are needed to ascertain the long-term effects of teratogen exposure, specifically in South Africa.
The Impact of Public Health Restrictions on Young Caregivers and How They Navigated a Pandemic: Baseline Interviews from a Longitudinal Study Conducted in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Newman Kristine , Chalmers Heather , Wang Arthur Ze Yu , Ciotti Sarah , Luxmykanthan Luxmhina , Mansell Nicole
Published: July 2023

This qualitative research study is a part of a larger research project exploring the experiences of young caregivers aged 5–26 years and their families navigating the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 to 2023. Data were collected from 14 young caregivers who participated in baseline interviews. The central research question guiding this study: What was, is, and will be the impact of changing public health restrictions on young caregivers and their families during the pandemic and pandemic recovery? Seven themes emerged through analysis: (1) Navigating Care During the Height of Public Health Restrictions, (2) Neighbourhood and Built Environment During the Pandemic, (3) Perceptions Towards COVID-19 and Public Health Restrictions/Efforts, (4) The Impact of Public Health Restrictions on Relationships, (5) Mental Health Challenges of Being a Young Caregiver During a Pandemic, (6) Navigating Formal Services and Supports, and (7) Recommendations from Young Caregivers. The findings from this empirical research suggest that young caregivers found it easier to navigate their caregiving responsibilities when public health restrictions and work-from-home mandates were initially implemented; however, this later changed due to challenges in finding respite from caregiving, maintaining social connections with friends, creating personal space at home, and finding adequate replacements for programs once offered in person.
Reply to Yap, C.K.; Ong, M.C. Comment on “Peycheva et al. Trace Elements and Omega-3 Fatty Acids of Wild and Farmed Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Consumed in Bulgaria: Human Health Risks. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10023”
Authors: Peycheva Katya , Cicero Nicola
Published: July 2023

The authors would like to thank Yap and Ong [...]
Efficient Distortion Mitigation and Partition Reduction in Mapping Global Geodata: Dual Orthogonal Equidistant Cylindrical Projection Approach
Authors: Dimitrijević Aleksandar , Milosavljević Aleksandar , Rančić Dejan
Published: July 2023

The rapid growth in Earth’s global geospatial data necessitates an efficient system for organizing the data, facilitating data fusion from diverse sources, and promoting interoperability. Mapping the spheroidal surface of the planet presents significant challenges as it involves balancing distortion and splitting the surface into multiple partitions. The distortion decreases as the number of partitions increases, but, at the same time, the complexity of data processing increases since each partition represents a separate dataset and is defined in its own local coordinate system. In this paper, we propose the Dual Orthogonal Equidistant Cylindrical projection method to mitigate distortion and reduce the number of partitions. Additionally, we use the rotation of the graticule system on the globe to achieve the oblique aspect, which effectively minimizes average angular and areal distortions of Earth’s landmass and reduces the interruption of continental plates caused by partition edges. By incorporating auxiliary latitudes and proposing an approximate authalic latitude, we further enhance the mapping of the ellipsoid onto the sphere, simplifying calculations. The experimental results demonstrate a substantial reduction in distortion and interruption of continental plates. With only two partitions, an average landmass angular distortion of less than 3.56 degrees and an average areal distortion of less than 1.07 were achieved.
Genome-Wide Datasets of Chicories (Cichorium intybus L.) for Marker-Assisted Crop Breeding Applications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Draga Samela , Gabelli Giovanni , Palumbo Fabio , Barcaccia Gianni
Published: July 2023

Cichorium intybus L. is the most economically important species of its genus and among the most important of the Asteraceae family. In chicory, many linkage maps have been produced, several sets of mapped and unmapped markers have been developed, and dozens of genes linked to traits of agronomic interest have been investigated. This treasure trove of information, properly cataloged and organized, is of pivotal importance for the development of superior commercial products with valuable agronomic potential in terms of yield and quality, including reduced bitter taste and increased inulin production, as well as resistance or tolerance to pathogens and resilience to environmental stresses. For this reason, a systematic review was conducted based on the scientific literature published in chicory during 1980–2023. Based on the results obtained from the meta-analysis, we created two consensus maps capable of supporting marker-assisted breeding (MAB) and marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. By taking advantage of the recently released genome of C. intybus, we built a 639 molecular marker-based consensus map collecting all the available mapped and unmapped SNP and SSR loci available for this species. In the following section, after summarizing and discussing all the genes investigated in chicory and related to traits of interest such as reproductive barriers, sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis, inulin metabolism and stress response, we produced a second map encompassing 64 loci that could be useful for MAS purposes. With the advent of omics technologies, molecular data chaos (namely, the situation where the amount of molecular data is so complex and unmanageable that their use becomes challenging) is becoming far from a negligible issue. In this review, we have therefore tried to contribute by standardizing and organizing the molecular data produced thus far in chicory to facilitate the work of breeders.
N-Acetylglucosamine Kinase–Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide N Interaction Promotes Axodendritic Branching in Neurons via Dynein-Mediated Microtubule Transport
Authors: Timalsina Binod , Choi Ho Jin , Moon Il Soo
Published: July 2023

N-acetylglucosamine kinase (NAGK) has been identified as an anchor protein that facilitates neurodevelopment with its non-canonical structural role. Similarly, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN) regulates neurodevelopment and cognitive ability. In our previous study, we revealed the interaction between NAGK and SNRPN in the neuron. However, the precise role in neurodevelopment is elusive. In this study, we investigate the role of NAGK and SNRPN in the axodendritic development of neurons. NAGK and SNRPN interaction is significantly increased in neurons at the crucial stages of neurodevelopment. Furthermore, overexpression of the NAGK and SNRPN proteins increases axodendritic branching and neuronal complexity, whereas the knockdown inhibits neurodevelopment. We also observe the interaction of NAGK and SNRPN with the dynein light-chain roadblock type 1 (DYNLRB1) protein variably during neurodevelopment, revealing the microtubule-associated delivery of the complex. Interestingly, NAGK and SNRPN proteins rescued impaired axodendritic development in an SNRPN depletion model of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell neurons. Taken together, these findings are crucial in developing therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases.
Physiological Approaches Targeting Cellular and Mitochondrial Pathways Underlying Adipose Organ Senescence
Authors: de Lange Pieter , Lombardi Assunta , Silvestri Elena , Cioffi Federica , Giacco Antonia , Iervolino Stefania , Petito Giuseppe , Senese Rosalba , Lanni Antonia , Moreno Maria
Published: July 2023

The adipose organ is involved in many metabolic functions, ranging from the production of endocrine factors to the regulation of thermogenic processes. Aging is a natural process that affects the physiology of the adipose organ, leading to metabolic disorders, thus strongly impacting healthy aging. Cellular senescence modifies many functional aspects of adipose tissue, leading to metabolic alterations through defective adipogenesis, inflammation, and aberrant adipocytokine production, and in turn, it triggers systemic inflammation and senescence, as well as insulin resistance in metabolically active tissues, leading to premature declined physiological features. In the various aging fat depots, senescence involves a multiplicity of cell types, including mature adipocytes and immune, endothelial, and progenitor cells that are aging, highlighting their involvement in the loss of metabolic flexibility, one of the common features of aging-related metabolic disorders. Since mitochondrial stress represents a key trigger of cellular senescence, and senescence leads to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria with impaired dynamics and hindered homeostasis, this review focuses on the beneficial potential of targeting mitochondria, so that strategies can be developed to manage adipose tissue senescence for the treatment of age-related metabolic disorders.
Involvement of Both Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathways in Tridecylpyrrolidine-Diol Derivative-Induced Apoptosis In Vitro
Authors: Nosalova Natalia , Keselakova Alexandra , Kello Martin , Martinkova Miroslava , Fabianova Dominika , Pilatova Martina Bago
Published: July 2023

Despite the decreasing trend in mortality from colorectal cancer, this disease still remains the third most common cause of death from cancer. In the present study, we investigated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of (2S,3S,4R)-2-tridecylpyrrolidine-3,4-diol hydrochloride on colon cancer cells (Caco-2 and HCT116). The antiproliferative effect and IC50 values were determined by the MTT and BrdU assays. Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of apoptotic pathways. Colon cancer cell migration was monitored by the scratch assay. Concentration-dependent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on both cell lines, with IC50 values of 3.2 ± 0.1 μmol/L (MTT) vs. 6.46 ± 2.84 μmol/L (BrdU) for HCT116 and 2.17 ± 1.5 μmol/L (MTT) vs. 1.59 ± 0.72 μmol/L (BrdU), for Caco-2 were observed. The results showed that tridecylpyrrolidine-induced apoptosis was associated with the externalization of phosphatidylserine, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) accompanied by the activation of casp-3/7, the cleavage of PARP and casp-8, the overexpression of TNF-α and FasL and the dysregulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. Inhibition of the migration of treated cells across the wound area was detected. Taken together, our data show that the anticancer effects of tridecylpyrrolidine analogues in colon cancer cells are mediated by antiproliferative activity, the induction of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways and the inhibition of cell migration.
Polymorphisms of Killer Ig-like Receptors and the Risk of Glioblastoma
Authors: Choi Haeyoun , Baek In-Cheol , Park Soon A , Park Jae-Sung , Jeun Sin-Soo , Kim Tai-Gyu , Ahn Stephen
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The immune responses of natural killer (NK) cells against cancer cells vary by patient. Killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which are some of the major receptors involved in regulating NK cell activity for killing cancer cells, have significant genetic variation. Numerous studies have suggested a potential association between the genetic variation of KIR genes and the risk of development or prognosis of various cancer types. However, an association between genetic variations of KIR genes and glioblastoma (GB) remains uncertain. We sought to evaluate the association of genetic variations of KIRs and their ligand genes with the risk of GB development in Koreans. Methods: A case–control study was performed to identify the odds ratios (ORs) of KIR genes and Classes A, B, and, C of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) for GB. The GB group was comprised of 77 patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype GB at our institution, and the control group consisted of 200 healthy Korean volunteers. Results: There was no significant difference in the frequency of KIR genes and KIR haplotypes between the GB and control groups. Genetic variations of KIR-2DL1, 3DL1, and 3DS1 with their ligand genes (HLA-C2, HLA-Bw4/6, and Bw4, respectively) had effects on the risk of GB in Korean patients. The frequency of KIR-2DL1 with HLA-C2 (OR 2.05, CI 1.19–3.52, p = 0.009), the frequency of KIR-3DL1 without HLA-Bw4 (80I) (OR 8.36, CI 4.06–17.18, p < 0.001), and the frequency of KIR-3DL1 with Bw6 (OR 4.54, CI 2.55–8.09, p < 0.001) in the GB group were higher than in the control group. In addition, the frequency of KIR-2DL1 without HLA-C2 (OR 0.44, CI 0.26–0.75, p = 0.003), the frequency of KIR-3DL1 with HLA-Bw4 (80T) (OR 0.13, CI 0.06–0.27, p < 0.001), the frequency of KIR-3DL1 without Bw6 (OR 0.27, CI 0.15–0.49, p < 0.001), and the frequency of KIR-3DS1 with Bw4 (80I) (OR 0.03, CI 0.00–0.50, p < 0.001) in the GB group were lower than in the control group. Conclusions: This study suggests that genetic variations of KIRs and their ligand genes may affect GB development in the Korean population. Further investigations are needed to demonstrate the different immune responses for GB cells according to genetic variations of KIR genes and their ligand genes.
Assessment by Optical Coherence Tomography of Short-Term Changes in IOP-Related Structures Caused by Wearing Scleral Lenses
Authors: Queiruga-Piñeiro Juan , Barros Alberto , Lozano-Sanroma Javier , Fernández-Vega Cueto Andrés , Rodríguez-Uña Ignacio , Merayo-LLoves Jesús
Published: July 2023

Background: The mechanism that could increase intraocular pressure (IOP) during scleral lens (SL) wear is not fully understood, although it may be related to compression of the landing zone on structures involved in aqueous humor drainage. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were fitted with two SLs of different sizes (L1 = 15.8 mm, L2 = 16.8 mm) for 2 h in the right eye and left eye as a control. Central corneal thickness (CCT), parameters of iridocorneal angle (ICA), Schlemm’s canal (SC), and optic nerve head were measured before and after wearing both SLs. IOP was measured with a Perkins applanation tonometer before and after lens removal and with a transpalpebral tonometer before, during (0 h, 1 h, and 2 h), and after lens wear. Results: CCT increased after wearing L1 (8.10 ± 4.21 µm; p < 0.01) and L2 (9.17 ± 4.41 µm; p < 0.01). After L1 removal, the ICA parameters decreased significantly (p < 0.05). With L2 removal, nasal and temporal SC area and length were reduced (p < 0.05). An increased IOP with transpalpebral tonometry was observed at 2 h of wearing L1 (2.55 ± 2.04 mmHg; p < 0.01) and L2 (2.53 ± 2.22 mmHg; p < 0.01), as well as an increased IOP with Perkins applanation tonometry after wearing L1 (0.43 ± 1.07 mmHg; p = 0.02). Conclusions: In the short term, SL resulted in a slight increase in IOP in addition to small changes in ICA and SC parameters, although it did not seem to be clinically relevant in healthy subjects.
Risk of Hemolytic Anemia in IBD Patients with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Treated with Mesalamine: Results of a Retrospective-Prospective and Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Dore Maria Pina , Tomassini Giulia , Rocchi Chiara , Bulajic Milutin , Carta Monica , Errigo Alessandra , Dimaggio Alberto , Padedda Federica , Pes Giovanni Mario
Published: July 2023

Background: Mesalamine is one of the most-used drugs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially ulcerative colitis. Regulatory agencies have listed mesalamine as an unsafe drug in subjects with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency based on the risk of hemolysis, although scientific evidence is lacking. The occurrence of acute and/or chronic hemolytic anemia in IBD patients with G6PD deficiency exposed to mesalamine was evaluated. Methods: In this multicenter study, IBD patients with G6PD deficiency (cases) receiving mesalamine were retrospectively evaluated for acute, and prospectively for chronic, hemolysis. The presence of hemolytic anemia was based on red blood cell and reticulocyte count, hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, unconjugated bilirubin, and haptoglobin levels. Cases were compared with controls (IBD patients with normal G6PD). Results: A total of 453 IBD patients (mean age 52.1 ± 16.0 years; 58.5% female) were enrolled. Ulcerative colitis was present in 75% of patients. G6PD deficiency was detected in 17% of patients. Oral mesalamine was used in 67.9% of ulcerative colitis and in 32.4% of Crohn’s disease cases. None of the 78 IBD patients with G6PD deficiency receiving mesalamine underwent hospitalization or specific treatment for acute hemolytic anemia. Relevant differences in chronic hemolysis markers were not observed in 30 cases compared with 112 controls receiving mesalamine (≤4500 mg/day). Marker modifications were also observed in mesalamine-free cases, consistent with the basal rate of erythrophagocytosis in G6PD deficiency. Ex vivo experiments showed the release of methemoglobin by G6PD deficient RBCs upon mesalamine challenge, only above 2.5 mg/mL, a concentration never reached in the clinical setting. Conclusions: This study provides, for the first time, evidence that mesalamine is safe in G6PD deficiency at a dosage of up to 4500 mg/day.
Application of Dual Horizontal Well Systems in the Shenhu Area of the South China Sea: Analysis of Productivity Improvement
Authors: Wu Xuezhen , Guo Gaoqiang , Ye Hongyu , Miao Yuanbing , Li Dayong
Published: July 2023

The horizontal well technology was successfully applied in the Chinese second natural gas hydrate (NGH) field test in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea in 2020. However, the results show that the threshold for commercial exploitation has not been broken, judging from daily gas production and cumulative gas production. Consequently, the paper presents the effects of dual horizontal well systems for exploitation in this area. The NGH reservoir model in the Shenhu area was established with CMG software. The influence of various layout options and various spacing of dual horizontal well systems on the production capacity was investigated. Further, we simulated the production effect of dual horizontal well systems joint auxiliary measures, such as well wall heating, heat injection, etc. The results show that the production capacity of dual horizontal well systems increased by about 1.27~2.67 times compared with that of a single horizontal well. The daily gas production will drop significantly, no matter which method was used, when exploitation lasts for about 200 d. Meanwhile, well wall heating and heat injection have limited effects on promoting production capacity. In conclusion, attention was drawn to the fact that the synergistic effect could be fully exerted to accelerate NGH dissociation when dual horizontal well systems are applied. The NGH reservoirs in the Shenhu area may be more suitable for short-term exploitation. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the exploitation of the Shenhu area.
Size Selectivity of a Diamond-Mesh Codend of Demersal Trawl for Largehead Hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Beibu Gulf, in the South China Sea
Authors: Yan Lei , Yang Bingzhong , Zhang Peng , Li Jie , Wang Teng
Published: July 2023

Experiments were conducted to assess the selectivity of diamond mesh codends in capturing largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) in the demersal trawl fishery of the Beibu Gulf, located in the South China Sea. The selectivity experiments involved four codends with different mesh sizes (30, 35, 40, and 45 mm), and the covered codend method was employed. Catch data were analyzed using the maximum likelihood method, with both Logistic and Richards curves fitted to the data, and the abundance–biomass comparison (ABC) curve method was used to analyze the impact of codend on fishery resources. Model deviance was compared with the degree of freedom to choose the best fit curve. The Logistic curves gave a better fit for the codends with 30 and 40 mm mesh sizes, while the Richards curves had a better fit for the codends with 35 and 45 mm mesh sizes, respectively. The 50% retention lengths (L50) and selection ranges (SR) were determined for 30 mm (L50: 11.40 cm; SR: 3.81 cm), 35 mm (L50: 11.65 cm; SR: 3.98 cm), 40 mm (L50: 12.92 cm; SR: 5.30 cm), and 45 mm (L50: 13.28 cm; SR: 4.14 cm) mesh codends. The results indicated that the present minimum mesh size, 40 mm diamond mesh, did not match with minimum landing size of largerhead hairtail, 190 mm anal. length. Based on the observed linear relationship between L50 and mesh opening, it was determined that the diamond mesh codend should be adjusted to a larger mesh opening of approximately 72.47 mm in order to achieve an L50 value of 190 mm. The ABC curve characteristics indicate that the fish community structure in the Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea is in a severely disturbed state. This study suggests that the square mesh codend and T90 codend (diamond mesh netting turned by 90 degrees) should be tested and compared with the diamond mesh codend, to obtain the optimal configuration and mesh size of the codend for demersal trawl fishery in the Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea.