bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características de un grupo de hombres presos por violencia de género y variables asociadas con la violencia contra las mujeres
Authors: Rodríguez Espartal Noelia
Published: October 2018

La violencia de género es un grave problema social que afecta en la actualidad a un importante número de mujeres de diferentes culturas. Este trabajo se presenta como una nueva perspectiva en el abordaje de la violencia de género, pues se centra en ofrecer las características que presentan un grupo de hombres presos por violencia contra las mujeres. Se analizaron diferentes variables sociodemográficas, así como otras relacionadas con la violencia de género o protectoras frente a esta. Los resultados del trabajo indican que los maltratadores componen un grupo heterogéneo y que no todos se pueden englobar en las tipologías existentes, con lo que el trabajo encaminado a su reinserción y rehabilitación debe estar adaptado a estas características.Entorno, diciembre 2013, número 54: 42-49
Educación integral hace jóvenes aptos para enfrentar el mundo actual
Authors: Fusalmo Fundación Salvador del Mundo
Published: October 2018

El interés de abordar la educación como una herramienta para prevenir la violencia surge a partir de la experiencia del trabajo educativo que realiza la Fundación Salvador del Mundo (Fusalmo) con jóvenes que se encuentran en condiciones de riesgo y limitaciones socioeconómicas. Mucho se habla acerca del papel que la educación juega en el desarrollo de las personas, pero poco se dice del impacto que llega a tener, ya que la educación es más que transmitir conocimientos nuevos a una persona.Fusalmo, desde hace más de diez años, apuesta al Programa Integral Juvenil Don Bosco (PIJDB), que constituye una oferta educativa complementaria al sistema educativo formal del Ministerio de Educación, ante las limitaciones experimentadas en localidades importantes por su densidad poblacional y la problemática de violencia amenazante, de manera que se orienta a población juvenil estudiantil que se encuentra amenazada por la violencia en sus comunidades y que vive en condiciones de vulnerabilidad económica y social. El Programa se desarrolla en los tres polideportivos Don Bosco, en las principales ciudades del país (San Miguel, Santa Ana y Soyapango).Entorno, abril 2014, número 55: 33-37
Condiciones culturales de los estudiantes de educación media para el aprendizaje del idioma inglés
Authors: Campos Morán Saúl , Blanco Julio Aníbal , Navarrete Paola María
Published: October 2018

Este artículo es parte de los resultados de la investigación denominada “Incidencia del entorno social en el desarrollo de competencias de inglés en estudiantes de educación media”, enfocándose en uno de los factores identificados que incide en el interés por aprender el idioma inglés, en los estudiantes de educación media de El Salvador, el sector de estudios. El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo, con diseño transversal. Los sujetos del estudio fueron jóvenes salvadoreños, representados con una muestra probabilística de sujetos, distribuidos en los catorce departamentos del país. Entre los resultados principales se tiene que existe una diferencia en de motivación entre los estudiantes de los sectores público y privado en querer aprender inglés, con los estudiantes de centros públicos motivados a aprenderlo para conseguir un trabajo, que la educación de los padres incide en la percepción hacia el idioma y que la presión familiar es un elemento importante en el aprendizaje de éste.Entorno, agosto 2014, número 56: 48-57
RIGHT TO GOOD ADMINISTRATION AS SEEN BY THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Rożek Kacper
Published: October 2018

The following article analyzes the judicature of the European Court of Human Rights in search for the definition of the term “right to good administration”, which is new for the whole administrative law branch and, at the same time, very important as far as an individual citizen is concerned. The research has been supported by the already existing view in literature as well as by the analysis of the legal provisions as adopted by the Euro¬pean Union. The result of the aforementioned explorations is surprising. It turned out that the European Court of Human Rights had already touched upon the said term, which is “right to good administration”, even before it became the subject of interest in the European Union. The Court, in its verdicts, also highlighted such characteristics as the principle of proportionality or thorough, objective and fast-paced administrative proceedings. As far as the European Court of Human Rights is concerned, the right to good administration should be treated as one of the key rights in the public law doctrine.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDS OF UKRAINE’S ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE
Authors: Bilkiewicz Tatiana
Published: October 2018

Historical backgrounds of Ukraine’s administrative justice creation in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union are analyzed in the article. The stages of formation and development of administrative justice in Ukraine and the reasons for its abolishment in the USSR are de ned. The article deals with the issue of administrative justice creation in Ukraine. It is an essential feature of any democratic state which ensures rights and freedoms of all individuals are ensured. Institute of administrative justice in Ukraine has come a long way of its formation. In the second half of the nineteenth century a sign cant interest in the problems of administrative justice appeared in Ukraine. However, the lack of state independence, complete denial of administrative justice by Soviet authorities and for other reasons it was impossible to create this democratic institution in Soviet Union. Only after Ukraine proclaimed its independence it made possible to modernize the current system of human rights protection from public administration.
Letting the readers have a say: Crowd theory in collection development
Authors: Strong Jessica , Galbraith Quinn
Published: October 2018

One of the pressing concerns for academic and research librarians is collection development, or choosing and purchasing new books for the library. Librarians spend countless hours scanning through system-recommended book titles, trying to determine which ones the students will use and benefit from as academic resources. Do students look at book covers more than at content, for instance? Do they choose books based on five-star Amazon reviews? Do they prefer books with interesting titles or interesting descriptions? Every year we do our best to decide what will be most useful for students and their research needs.
RDA and Rare Books Cataloging, Part 1
Authors: Burns Mary
Published: October 2018

Catalogers using Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials: Books (DCRM(B)) were challenged when the Library of Congress (LC) adopted Resource Description and Access (RDA). DCRM(B) is based on AACR2, which is organized according to International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) areas. RDA is based on FRBR. As of this writing, the RBMS Bibliographic Standards Committee intends to finish an initial version of RBMS Policy Statements for the RDA Toolkit. During the interim, the Bibliographic Standards Committee website states: “The Bibliographic Standards Committee is neutral regarding RDA, neither encouraging nor discouraging agencies regarding implementation of RDA-acceptable DCRM records.” The Committee provides rare book catalogers with two options. The first instructs catalogers to form descriptive portions of records according to DCRM(B) and AACR2, using RDA for access points. The second option directs catalogers to create RDA records using the PCC-RDA BIBCO Standard Record (BSR) that includes rare materials provisions. This paper discusses the creation process of three catalog records for the same rare book developed according to DCRM(B), the PCC-RDA-BSR with rare materials provisions and RDA with exceptions for early printed resources.
Mobile Applications in Academic Libraries
Authors: Saragossi Jamie , Costello Laura , Kasten Kathleen
Published: October 2018

This paper explores the challenges and opportunities presented by mobile applications in the context of an academic library collection. This emerging format raises important questions about selection, acquisition, access, instruction, outreach, and evaluation as these practices have been applied to traditional resources. A more nuanced understanding of the content and format of mobile applications informs a collection development strategy for discovering, acquiring, and maintaining these resources. The development of an outreach program that includes liaison activity, instruction, and research consultations is also explored as a way to drive users to these new resources. Using Stony Brook University Libraries as a case study, this paper discusses the potential of mobile applications as academic library resources plus practical ways to promote usage and enhance academic engagement.
Call Timing of Callable Non-Convertible Bonds: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Wee Jung Bum , Ryu Keunkwan , Binh Ki Beom
Published: October 2018

We empirically analyze the factors affecting corporate decisions to call non-convertible bonds using survival analysis. The results show that firms tend to defer calling non-convertible bonds in order to mitigate agency costs of debt (including under-investment and risk-shift); that calling is significantly more intense if positive information is revealed; that non-refundability clauses are binding on call decisions; that firms are more likely to redeem bonds to refund if market interest rates fall dramatically; and that this interest effect is stronger as the transaction costs of refunding decrease. Also, this paper shows that call intensity monotonically decreases after call protection periods expire.
Formation of Professional Enhancement of Specialists on the Basis of Pedagogical Technologies
Authors: Lyailya Koishigulova , Klara Kabylgazina , Almazhai Eginissova , Tlegenovna Utaliyeva Zhanna , Saltanat Omarova
Published: October 2018

In recent years, in line with the competence-based approach in the domestic and foreign science actively is being developed the problem of formation of professional enhancement "as a mandatory competency component of professional training of modern specialist" in different branches of science - philosophy, sociology, psychology, pedagogy, cultural studies, economics, ethics.
Such a multifaceted study of the phenomenon of "training" is determined by the dynamics of the social life of society, the real needs in the research for modern philosophical orientations is the necessity of its formation in the learning process [1].
Dificultades emocionales y comportamentales en la adolescencia: relación con bienestar emocional, afecto y rendimiento académico
Authors: Sánchez-García María Angeles , Lucas-Molina Beatriz , Fonseca-Pedrero Eduardo , Pérez-Albéniz Alicia , Paino Mercedes
Published: October 2018

El propósito de este estudio fue examinar las dificultades en el ajuste emocional comportamental y su relación con el bienestar emocional, el afecto positivo y negativo y el rendimiento académico en una muestra representativa de adolescentes no clínicos. La muestra la conformaron un total 1.664 de participantes (M = 16.12 años; DT = 1.36, rango 14-19 años), seleccionados mediante muestreo estratificado por conglomerados. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Strengths and Difficulties Questionnarie (SDQ), el Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C), el Personal Wellbeing Index–School Children (PWI-SC), un cuestionario ad hoc de rendimiento académico y la Escala Oviedo de Infrecuencia de Respuesta. Los resultados mostraron que el 7,7% de los adolescentes manifestaron posible riesgo de mala salud mental. Las dificultades emocionales y comportamentales correlacionaron de forma negativa con el bienestar emocional subjetivo y Afecto Positivo y de forma positiva Afecto Negativo. Además, los alumnos con un peor rendimiento académico informaron de mayores dificultades en ajuste emocional y comportamental. Estos resultados son convergentes con los encontrados en trabajos previos y tienen claras implicaciones, tanto a nivel sanitario como educativo, de cara a mejorar la promoción del bienestar emocional y prevención de los problemas psicológicos en este sector de la población.
Validación del cuestionario SEQ en población universitaria española. Capacidades del alumno y entorno de enseñanza/aprendizaje
Authors: Gargallo Bernardo , Suárez-Rodríguez Jesús M. , Almerich Gonzalo , Verde Irene , Cebrià i Iranzo Maria Àngels
Published: October 2018

En este trabajo se validó el cuestionario SEQ (Study Engagement Questionnaire) de Kember y Leung (2009) en una muestra española. Es un instrumento diseñado para realizar una evaluación conjunta de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la universidad y devolver feed-back a los profesores y a las instituciones para la mejora de estos procesos. Se utilizó una muestra de 805 sujetos de tres universidades valencianas. El cuestionario evalúa diversas capacidades del alumno así como la capacidad del profesor para diseñar un entorno de aprendizaje idóneo para aprender. Ha tenido varias versiones hasta conseguir una estabilidad notable en sus dimensiones (variables latentes) y en las relaciones entre las variables que contempla. Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio se ha corroborado la estructura propuesta por los autores así como las relaciones entre las variables involucradas. El instrumento parece, pues, adecuado para ser utilizado en muestras españolas para el propósito para el que fue diseñado.
How Sense of Agency and Sense of Ownership could Affect Anxiety: A Study Based on Virtual Hand Illusion
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Wei , Qian Yanyan
Published: October 2018

By using computer program we created a virtual environment to study the possible impacts of sense of agency and sense of ownership on anxiety. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether our setup could achieve the similar effect as traditional rubber hand illusion had, and how sense of self (mainly sense of agency and sense of ownership) affects participants' anxiety. Study 1 the sample consisted of 24 first grade student(12 female, 12 male) aged 18-21 (M=19.98, SD=0.82), who moved a 3D virtual hand in a synchronous or asynchronous situation. Study 2 included 48 first or second grade students (24 female , 24 male) aged 18-22 (M=20.67, SD=1.05), who passed the SCL-90 rating-scale and completed the SCL-90 rating-scale again after they performed a catching/avoiding task. In study 1, all the results only provided evidence for a VHI but no other effect. Study 2 showed that asynchronous conditions had higher anxiety scores than synchronous one in terms of modality and sex, different virtual images would lead to participants' different anxious feelings. Sex itself was not a differentiating factor, however, mean and women reacted differently in different situations. Results indicated that, in general, sense of agency has more impacts on anxiety level compared with sense of ownership. However, sense of agency seemed to affect male more than female while sense of ownership placed more influence on female than on male. This finding may because the different contribution styles and empathy abilities between men and women.
Two new brief versions of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and its relationships with depression and anxiety
Authors: Holgado-Tello Fco. Pablo , Amor Pedro J. , Lasa-Aristu Amaia , Domínguez-Sánchez Fco. Javier , Delgado Begoña
Published: October 2018

The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefski, et al., 2001) is a 36-item instrument for measuring cognitive strategies of emotional regulation. There is a brief, 18-item version that measures the same nine strategies as the full version (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006a). The aim of this study was to develop a brief form of the CERQ, taking into account two different proposals: a 27-item and an 18-item instrument, the latter focusing solely on the assessment of the two general factors obtained in the second-order structure of the original CERQ model and identified in previous studies as adaptive strategies and less adaptive strategies. Participants in the study were 872 individuals aged 18-58 (mean 33.86, SD=8.43). The confirmatory factor analyses yield adequate overall indices in both versions, together with satisfactory validity. In the discussion, it is argued that the 27-item version is more appropriate for the specific rating of the nine regulation strategies people employ, and we propose the 18-item version as a suitable instrument in clinical context for an overall rating of an individual’s cognitive emotion regulation profile, furthermore, the criterion validity with depression and anxiety keeps similar to the larger versions.
Antibiotic Elution and Mechanical Strength of PMMA Bone Cement Loaded With Borate Bioactive Glass
Authors: Funk Grahmm A. , Burkes Jonathan C. , Cole Kimberly A. , Rahaman Mohamed N. , McIff Terence E.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Introduction: Local delivery of antibiotics using bone cement as the delivery vehicle is an established method of managing implant-associated orthopedic infections. Various fillers have been added to cement to increase antibiotic elution, but they often do so at the expense of strength. This study evaluated the effect of adding a borate bioactive glass, previously shown to promote bone formation, on vancomycin elution from PMMA bone cement.Methods: Five cement composites were made: three loaded with borate bioactive glass along with 0, 1, and 5 grams of vancomycin and two without any glass but with 1 and 5 grams vancomycin to serve as controls. The specimens were soaked in PBS. Eluate of vancomycin was collected every 24 hours and analyzed by HPLC. Orthopedic-relevant mechanical properties of each composite were tested over time.Results: The addition of borate bioactive glass provided an increase in vancomycin release at Day 1 and an increase in sustained vancomycin release throughout the treatment period. An 87.6% and 21.1% increase in cumulative vancomycin release was seen for both 1g and 5g loading groups, respectively. Compressive strength of all composites remained above the weight-bearing threshold of 70 MPa throughout the duration of the study with the glass-containing composites showing comparable strength to their respective controls.Conclusion: The incorporation of borate bioactive glass into commercial PMMA bone cement can significantly increase the elution of vancomycin. The mechanical strength of the cement-glass composites remained above 70 MPa even after soaking for 8 weeks, suggesting their suitability for orthopedic weight-bearing applications.
Prolonged Cefoxitin Infusion Using Mobile Elastomeric Infusors In Outpatients With Bone And Joint Infection
Authors: Cavalli Zoé , Becker Agathe , Bosch Alexie , Conrad Anne , Triffault-Filit Claire , Valour Florent , Laurent Frederic , Cohen Sabine , Chidiac Christian , Ferry Tristan
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We reviewed all outpatients with bone and joint infection treated with cefoxitin in continuous intravenous infusion using mobile elastomeric infusors in our regional reference center between 2014 and 2017. The stability of cefoxitin provides an interesting and well-tolerated alternative for continuous infusion in outpatients with polymicrobial bone and joint infection.
Effects of mangrove removal on benthic organisms in the Siangshan Wetland in Hsinchu, Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yu-Chi , Chu Ta-Jen , Wei Ju-Der , Shih Chun-Han
Published: October 2018

Mangrove degradation is a well-documented trend, but the spread of mangroves within the Siangshan Wetland in Hsinchu, Taiwan, runs contrary to that trend. The spread of mangroves changes the structure and functions of habitats for benthic organisms, causes infilling of estuaries and flooding and creates breeding grounds for small black mosquitoes. A large-scale mangrove-removal project was undertaken by the Hsinchu City Government from October 2015 to March 2016. They also investigated the consequences of mangrove removal on benthic organisms and adjacent habitats from October 2015 to September 2016, and the density, species count, Shannon–Wiener index (H′), and Pielou’s evenness index (J′) of the mangrove and non-mangrove regions were compared. In this study, we used satellite telemetry images to monitor fluctuations in mangrove density from 2006 to 2016. The non-mangrove region exhibited more variations than the mangrove region. After mangrove removal, species returned to their original habitats and noteworthy biological values significantly increased in the mangrove regions. This study presents evidence to argue that mangrove removal benefits benthic organisms. The results indicate that mangrove removal can be an appropriate habitat rehabilitation strategy for benthic organisms. The ecological findings of this study can inform coastal managers or other officials who seek to steward mangrove biomass.
Predicting academic career outcomes by predoctoral publication record
Authors: Tregellas Jason R. , Smucny Jason , Rojas Donald C. , Legget Kristina T.
Published: October 2018

Background

For students entering a science PhD program, a tenure-track faculty research position is often perceived as the ideal long-term goal. A relatively small percentage of individuals ultimately achieve this goal, however, with the vast majority of PhD recipients ultimately finding employment in industry or government positions. Given the disparity between academic career ambitions and outcomes, it is useful to understand factors that may predict those outcomes. Toward this goal, the current study examined employment status of PhD graduates from biomedical sciences programs at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU AMC) and related this to metrics of predoctoral publication records, as well as to other potentially important factors, such as sex and time-since-degree, to determine if these measures could predict career outcomes.

Methods

Demographic information (name, PhD program, graduation date, sex) of CU AMC biomedical sciences PhD graduates between 2000 and 2015 was obtained from University records. Career outcomes (academic faculty vs. non-faculty) and predoctoral publication records (number and impact factors of first-author and non-first-author publications) were obtained via publicly available information. Relationships between predoctoral publication record and career outcomes were investigated by (a) comparing faculty vs. non-faculty publication metrics, using t-tests, and (b) investigating the ability of predoctoral publication record, sex, and time-since-degree to predict career outcomes, using logistic regression.

Results

Significant faculty vs. non-faculty differences were observed in months since graduation (p < 0.001), first-author publication number (p = 0.001), average first-author impact factor (p = 0.006), and highest first-author impact factor (p = 0.004). With sex and months since graduation as predictors of career outcome, the logistic regression model was significant (p < 0.001), with both being male and having more months since graduation predicting career status. First-author related publication metrics (number of publications, average impact factor, highest impact factor) all significantly improved model fit (χ2 < 0.05 for all) and were all significant predictors of faculty status (p < 0.05 for all). Non-first-author publication metrics did not significantly improve model fit or predict faculty status.

Discussion

Results suggest that while sex and months since graduation also predict career outcomes, a strong predoctoral first-author publication record may increase likelihood of obtaining an academic faculty research position. Compared to non-faculty, individuals employed in faculty positions produced more predoctoral first-author publications, with these being in journals with higher impact factors. Furthermore, first-author publication record, sex, and months since graduation were significant predictors of faculty status.
Relationships between neuropsychological and antisaccade measures in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Ferreira Marisa Borges , Pereira Paulo Alexandre , Parreira Marta , Sousa Ines , Figueiredo José , Cerqueira João José , Macedo Antonio Filipe
Published: October 2018

Background

The Stroop test is frequently used to assess deficits in inhibitory control in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). This test has limitations and antisaccade eye movements, that also measure inhibitory control, may be an alternative to Stroop.

Objectives

The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to investigate if the performance in the antisaccade task is altered in patients with MS and (ii) to investigate the correlation between performances in neuropsychological tests, the Stroop test and the antisaccade task.

Methods

We measured antisaccades (AS) parameters with an infrared eye tracker (SMIRED 250 Hz) using a standard AS paradigm. A total of 38 subjects diagnosed with MS and 38 age and gender matched controls participated in this study. Neuropsychological measures were obtained from the MS group.

Results

Patients with MS have higher error rates and prolonged latency than controls in the antisaccade task. There was a consistent association between the Stroop performance and AS latency. Stroop performance but not AS latency was associated with other neuropsychological measures in which the MS group showed deficits.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that AS may be a selective and independent measure to investigate inhibitory control in patients with MS. More studies are necessary to confirm our results and to describe brain correlates associated with impaired performance in the antisaccade task in people diagnosed with MS.
Perturbiner methods for effective field theories and the double copy
Authors: Mizera Sebastian , Skrzypek Barbara
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Perturbiner expansion provides a generating function for all Berends-Giele currents in a given quantum field theory. We apply this method to various effective field theories with and without color degrees of freedom. In the colored case, we study the U(N) non-linear sigma model of Goldstone bosons (NLSM) in a recent parametrization due to Cheung and Shen, as well as its extension involving a coupling to the bi-adjoint scalar. We propose a Lagrangian and a Cachazo-He-Yuan formula for the latter valid in multi-trace sectors and systematically calculate its amplitudes. Furthermore, we make a similar proposal for a higher-derivative correction to NLSM that agrees with the subleading order of the abelian Z-theory. In the colorless cases, we formulate perturbiner expansions for the special Galileon and Born-Infeld theories. Finally, we study Kawai-Lewellen-Tye-like double-copy relations for Berends-Giele currents between the above colored and colorless theories. We find that they hold up to pure gauge terms, but without the need for further field redefinitions.
Higgs relaxation after inflation
Authors: Fonseca Nayara , Morgante Enrico , Servant Géraldine
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We show that the mechanism of cosmological relaxation of the electroweak scale can take place independently of the inflation mechanism, thus relieving burdens from the original relaxion proposal. What eventually stops the (fast-rolling) relaxion field during its cosmological evolution is the production of particles whose mass is controlled by the Higgs vacuum expectation value. We first show that Higgs particle production does not work for that purpose as the Higgs field does not track the minimum of its potential in the regime where Higgs particles get efficiently produced through their coupling to the relaxion. We then focus on gauge boson production. We provide a detailed analysis of the scanning and stopping mechanism and determine the parameter space for which the relaxion mechanism can take place after inflation, while being compatible with cosmological constraints, such as the relaxion dark matter overabundance and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We find that the cutoff scale can be as high as two hundreds of TeV. In this approach, the relaxion sector is responsible for reheating the visible sector. The stopping barriers of the periodic potential are large and Higgs-independent, facilitating model-building. The allowed relaxion mass ranges from 200 MeV up to the weak scale. In this scenario, the relaxion field excursion is subplanckian, and is thus many orders of magnitude smaller than in the original relaxion proposal.
“Before we asked for permission, now we only give notice”: Women’s entrance into artisanal fisheries in Chile
Authors: Gallardo-Fernández Gloria L. , Saunders Fred
Published: October 2018

Small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the Global South are increasingly subjected to the internationalisation of food systems. Guided by a feminist political ecology approach, we examine how gender relations and power structures within SSF are changing through policy interventions and market linkages. Chilean women working in SSF have traditionally been unregistered direct producers. Since the early 2000s, however, women have formally entered as fishers within this hitherto male-dominated space. Today, women constitute almost a quarter of artisanal fishers in Chile. While women have become more visible, among others, in their engagement in territorial use rights in fisheries (TURFs), little research attention has been paid to women’s roles within SSF. We redress this shortfall by examining the struggle to obtain TURFs by an all-women seaweed gatherers union in Coliumo (Bio-Bio Region, Chile). Using participatory research tools, we describe key gendered interactions and events over a local struggle for resources. Our findings show how closely related episodes of cooperation and conflict were involved in realising TURFs, which included differently-gendered relationships. While the women implicated in formalising fishing entitlements accrued individual benefit and enhanced their collective standing, the conflict left a deep scar among women in the community.
The mediating role of parenting behaviors in the relationship between early and late adolescent levels of anxiety: Specificity and informant effects
Authors: Olofsdotter S. , Furmark T. , Åslund C. , Nilsson K.W.
Published: October 2018

Introduction

The role of parenting behavior is often highlighted in the development of anxiety in youth. However, previous reports are limited in terms of the specificity of relationships between different types of anxiety and parenting behaviors, informant effects on these relationships, and direction of effects.

Methods

This study investigates these questions using longitudinal data from 1350 Swedish adolescents and their parents. Adolescents' self‐reports of six dimensions of anxiety and adolescents' and parents' reports of six dimensions of parenting behaviors were used in the analyses. Parallel multiple mediation models were employed to analyze specificity and informant effects within a reciprocal effects model.

Results

Overall, and irrespective of informant, this study found little support for a mediating role of parenting behaviors in the relationship between early and late adolescent levels of anxiety. Evidence for specificity within the parenting‐anxiety relationship was scarce with specific mediating effects observed only for panic/agoraphobia and total anxiety through the parenting dimension of rejection.

Conclusions

The findings of this study concern the un‐conditional mediating role of parenting. Parenting behaviors may be more influential among some adolescents, depending on individual differences in other factors related to the development and course of adolescent anxiety. Thus, further research on moderating factors of the influence of parenting on adolescent anxiety is warranted.
Western Women Supporting IS/Daesh in Syria and Iraq – An Exploration of their Motivations
Authors: de Leede Seran
Published: October 2018

This paper explores the motivations of Western women who traveled to Syria/Iraq to support the Islamic State (IS) or Daesh. It draws on previous studies of the phenomenon, insights from practitioners and informal interviews with an individual with first-hand insights. The different motivations are categorized into three levels: macro, meso and micro. The author rebukes the intractable stereotype of the “jihadi bride” that (inadvertently) suggests that women are driven mainly by personal motivations or the prospect of marriage, and demonstrates that female Western supporters of IS/Daesh are motivated by various factors. These include ideological or religious motivations, the pull of the cause, frustration and anger over the perceived worldwide oppression of Muslims, but also the search for a purpose in life and for a sense of belonging. Women have been affected by group dynamics and experiences in their past (including sexual abuse). Some women were attracted by the prospect of a clean slate, adventure or a (religious) husband. The author underscores that, in order to tackle the phenomenon of women supporting IS/Daesh, it is essential to deepen our understanding of its appeal on women, which requires acknowledging the diversity of women who joined IS/Daesh and recognizing the complexity and multitude of their motivations.
NEW RADIOCARBON DATES FROM SOUTHERN MESOPOTAMIA (FARA AND UR)
Authors: Wencel Maciej M.
Published: October 2018

This article reports three new radiocarbon dates from the Iraqi sites of Tell Fara (Shuruppak) and Tell Muqayyar (Ur), produced as a part of a larger dating project on the absolute chronology of Southern Mesopotamia from the Uruk period until the Akkadian era. The radiocarbon results presented here offer good absolute time estimates for the ED I/II period at Fara and the most reliable absolute age so far for the important archaeological find that is the earliest graves in the Royal Cemetery of Ur.
Reynolds number effect on the velocity derivative flatness factor
Authors: Meldi M. , Djenidi L. , Antonia R.
Published: October 2018

This paper investigates the effect of a finite Reynolds number (FRN) on the flatness factor ($F$) of the velocity derivative in decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence by applying the eddy damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) method to calculate all terms in an analytic expression for $F$ (Djenidi et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 29 (5), 2017b, 051702). These terms and hence $F$ become constant when the Taylor microscale Reynolds number, $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ exceeds approximately $10^{4}$. For smaller values of $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$, $F$, like the skewness $-S$, increases with $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$; this behaviour is in quantitative agreement with experimental and direct numerical simulation data. These results indicate that one must first ensure that $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ is large enough for the FRN effect to be negligibly small before the hypotheses of Kolmogorov (Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 30, 1941a, pp. 301–305; Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 32, 1941b, pp. 16–18; J. Fluid Mech., vol. 13, 1962, pp. 82–85) can be assessed unambiguously. An obvious implication is that results from experiments and direct numerical simulations for which $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ is well below $10^{4}$ may not be immune from the FRN effect. Another implication is that a power-law increase of $F$ with respect to $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$, as suggested by the Kolmogorov 1962 theory, is not tenable when $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ is large enough.
Conserving predators across agricultural landscapes in Colombia: habitat use and space partitioning by jaguars, pumas, ocelots and jaguarundis
Authors: Boron Valeria , Xofis Panteleimon , Link Andres , Payan Esteban , Tzanopoulos Joseph
Published: October 2018

Loss and degradation of natural habitats continue to increase across the tropics as a result of agricultural expansion. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand their effects, and the distribution and habitat requirements of wildlife within human-modified landscapes, to support the conservation of threatened species, such as felids. We combined camera trapping and land cover data into occupancy models to study the habitat use and space partitioning by four sympatric felid species in an agricultural landscape in Colombia. Land use in the area includes cattle ranching and oil palm cultivation, the latter being an emerging land use type in the Neotropics. Factors determining species occupancy were the presence of wetlands for jaguars (positive effect); water proximity for pumas (positive effect); and presence of pastures for ocelots and jaguarundis (negative effect). Only ocelots were occasionally recorded in oil palm areas. Our results suggest that to align development with the conservation of top predators it is crucial to maintain areas of forest and wetland across agricultural landscapes and to restrict agricultural and oil palm expansion to modified areas such as pastures, which are of limited conservation value. Because there is no spatial segregation between the felid species we studied, conservation strategies that benefit all of them are possible even in modified landscapes.
Transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology at first episode psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study
Authors: Quattrone Diego , Di Forti Marta , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Ferraro Laura , Jongsma Hannah E , Tripoli Giada , La Cascia Caterina , La Barbera Daniele , Tarricone Ilaria , Berardi Domenico , Szöke Andrei , Arango Celso , Lasalvia Antonio , Tortelli Andrea , Llorca Pierre-Michel , de Haan Lieuwe , Velthorst Eva , Bobes Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Sanjuán Julio , Santos Jose Luis , Arrojo Manuel , Del-Ben Cristina Marta , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Selten Jean-Paul ,   EU-GEI WP2 Group, Jones Peter B , Kirkbride James B , Richards Alexander L , O'Donovan Michael C , Sham Pak C , Vassos Evangelos , Rutten Bart PF , van Os Jim , Morgan Craig , Lewis Cathryn M , Murray Robin M , Reininghaus Ulrich
Published: October 2018

Background

The value of the nosological distinction between non-affective and affective psychosis has frequently been challenged. We aimed to investigate the transdiagnostic dimensional structure and associated characteristics of psychopathology at First Episode Psychosis (FEP). Regardless of diagnostic categories, we expected that positive symptoms occurred more frequently in ethnic minority groups and in more densely populated environments, and that negative symptoms were associated with indices of neurodevelopmental impairment.

Method

This study included 2182 FEP individuals recruited across six countries, as part of the EUropean network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene–Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. Symptom ratings were analysed using multidimensional item response modelling in Mplus to estimate five theory-based models of psychosis. We used multiple regression models to examine demographic and context factors associated with symptom dimensions.

Results

A bifactor model, composed of one general factor and five specific dimensions of positive, negative, disorganization, manic and depressive symptoms, best-represented associations among ratings of psychotic symptoms. Positive symptoms were more common in ethnic minority groups. Urbanicity was associated with a higher score on the general factor. Men presented with more negative and less depressive symptoms than women. Early age-at-first-contact with psychiatric services was associated with higher scores on negative, disorganized, and manic symptom dimensions.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the bifactor model of psychopathology holds across diagnostic categories of non-affective and affective psychosis at FEP, and demographic and context determinants map onto general and specific symptom dimensions. These findings have implications for tailoring symptom-specific treatments and inform research into the mood-psychosis spectrum.
Interaction between environmental and familial affective risk impacts psychosis admixture in states of affective dysregulation
Authors: Radhakrishnan Rajiv , Guloksuz Sinan , ten Have Margreet , de Graaf Ron , van Dorsselaer Saskia , Gunther Nicole , Rauschenberg Christian , Reininghaus Ulrich , Pries Lotta-Katrin , Bak Maarten , van Os Jim
Published: October 2018

Background

Evidence suggests that cannabis use, childhood adversity, and urbanicity, in interaction with proxy measures of genetic risk, may facilitate onset of psychosis in the sense of early affective dysregulation becoming ‘complicated’ by, first, attenuated psychosis and, eventually, full-blown psychotic symptoms.

Methods

Data were derived from three waves of the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). The impact of environmental risk factors (cannabis use, childhood adversity, and urbanicity) was analyzed across severity levels of psychopathology defined by the degree to which affective dysregulation was ‘complicated’ by low-grade psychotic experiences (‘attenuated psychosis’ – moderately severe) and, overt psychotic symptoms leading to help-seeking (‘clinical psychosis’ – most severe). Familial and non-familial strata were defined based on family history of (mostly) affective disorder and used as a proxy for genetic risk in models of family history × environmental risk interaction.

Results

In proxy gene–environment interaction analysis, childhood adversity and cannabis use, and to a lesser extent urbanicity, displayed greater-than-additive risk if there was also evidence of familial affective liability. In addition, the interaction contrast ratio grew progressively greater across severity levels of psychosis admixture (none, attenuated psychosis, clinical psychosis) complicating affective dysregulation.

Conclusion

Known environmental risks interact with familial evidence of affective liability in driving the level of psychosis admixture in states of early affective dysregulation in the general population, constituting an affective pathway to psychosis. There is interest in decomposing family history of affective liability into the environmental and genetic components that underlie the interactions as shown here.
Towards adaptive multi-robot systems: self-organization and self-adaptation
Authors: Hrabia Christopher-Eyk , Lützenberger Marco , Albayrak Sahin
Published: October 2018

The development of complex systems ensembles that operate in uncertain environments is a major challenge. The reason for this is that system designers are not able to fully specify the system during specification and development and before it is being deployed. Natural swarm systems enjoy similar characteristics, yet, being self-adaptive and being able to self-organize, these systems show beneficial emergent behaviour. Similar concepts can be extremely helpful for artificial systems, especially when it comes to multi-robot scenarios, which require such solution in order to be applicable to highly uncertain real world application. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview over state-of-the-art solutions in emergent systems, self-organization, self-adaptation, and robotics. We discuss these approaches in the light of a framework for multi-robot systems and identify similarities, differences missing links and open gaps that have to be addressed in order to make this framework possible.
Optimising amino acid absorption: essential to improve nitrogen balance and metabolic control in phenylketonuria
Authors: MacDonald Anita , Singh Rani H. , Rocha Júlio César , van Spronsen Francjan J.
Published: October 2018

It has been nearly 70 years since the discovery that strict adherence to a diet low in phenylalanine prevents severe neurological sequelae in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency (phenylketonuria; PKU). Today, dietary treatment with restricted phenylalanine intake supplemented with non-phenylalanine amino acids to support growth and maintain a healthy body composition remains the mainstay of therapy. However, a better understanding is needed of the factors that influence N balance in the context of amino acid supplementation. The aim of the present paper is to summarise considerations for improving N balance in patients with PKU, with a focus on gaining greater understanding of amino acid absorption, disposition and utilisation. In addition, the impact of phenylalanine-free amino acids on 24 h blood phenylalanine/tyrosine circadian rhythm is evaluated. We compare the effects of administering intact proteinv.free amino acid on protein metabolism and discuss the possibility of improving outcomes by administering amino acid mixtures so that their absorption profile mimics that of intact protein. Protein substitutes with the ability to delay absorption of phenylalanine and tyrosine, mimicking physiological absorption kinetics, are expected to improve the rate of assimilation into protein and minimise fluctuations in quantitative plasma amino acid levels. They may also help maintain normal glycaemia and satiety sensation. This is likely to play an important role in improving the management of patients with PKU.
REASONING BY PRECEDENT—BETWEEN RULES AND ANALOGIES
Authors: Stevens Katharina
Published: October 2018

This paper investigates the process of reasoning through which a judge determines whether a precedent-case gives her a binding reason to follow in her present-case. I review the objections that have been raised against the two main accounts of reasoning by precedent: the rule-account and the analogy-account. I argue that both accounts can be made viable by amending them to meet the objections. Nonetheless, I believe that there is an argument for preferring accounts that integrate analogical reasoning: any account of reasoning by precedent that is descriptively minimally adequate will leave some room for judicial discretion. Discretion should be used under consideration of the best legally relevant arguments for and against a decision. Integrating analogical reasoning helps the judge to bring to her own attention the strongest case for following. Analogical reasoning also eases the recognition of possible reasons for distinguishing. Thereby, it facilitates a more balanced decision-making process.
Recommendations for acquisition, interpretation and reporting of whole body low dose CT in patients with multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders: a report of the IMWG Bone Working Group
Authors: Moulopoulos Lia A. , Koutoulidis Vassilis , Hillengass Jens , Zamagni Elena , Aquerreta Jesus D. , Roche Charles L. , Lentzsch Suzanne , Moreau Philippe , Cavo Michele , Miguel Jesus San , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Durie Brian G. M. , Terpos Evangelos , Delorme Stefan
Published: October 2018

Whole Body Low Dose CT (WBLDCT) has important advantages as a first-line imaging modality for bone disease assessment in patients with plasma cell disorders and has been included in the 2014 International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria for multiple myeloma (MM) definition. Nevertheless, standardization guidelines for the optimal use of WBLDCT in MM patients are still lacking, preventing its more widespread use, both in daily practice and clinical trials. The aim of this report by the Bone Group of the IMWG is to provide practical recommendations for the acquisition, interpretation and reporting of WBLDCT in patients with multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders.