bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Livro de registro como estratégia no ensino de ecologia: bases históricas no Brasil
Authors: Gontijo Lucas Salvino , Murça Jenyffer Soares Estival , Rabelo Jéssica Custódio da Silva , Guimarães Simone Sendin Moreira , Goldschmidt Andréa Inês
Published: November 2018

O artigo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito das bases históricas da Ecologia e uma atividade didática, demonstrando a importância do Brasil para o desenvolvimento da Ecologia, com base na História e Filosofia da Biologia. A atividade foi realizada com alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio em uma escola pública de Goiânia, GO. Foram utilizadas três aulas de biologia para organizar a sequência em três momentos distintos: (1) aula expositiva-dialogada sobre as viagens naturalistas; (2) atividade prática sobre o que os naturalistas do século XIX faziam. Fornecemos a cada aluno um “diário de bordo” para fazer anotações sobre a atividade; e, (3) aula sobre os livros de registro de Eugen Warming, naturalista do século XIX, comparando-os com os trabalhos dos estudantes. A análise dos livros de registro dos alunos demonstrou que, apesar de não ter sido detalhado o método utilizado por Warming (textos, ilustrações e coletas), eles seguiram princípios semelhantes. Portanto, percebemos que esse tipo de abordagem é específica e pontual, sendo necessário evitar generalizações. Desta forma, a HFB auxilia o licenciando a compreender melhor a ciência que ensina, desde seus aspectos epistemológicos até as suas relações sociais e históricas.
Fases das tecnologias digitais na exploração matemática em sala de aula: das calculadoras gráficas aos celulares inteligentes
Authors: Faria Rejane Waiandt Schuwartz de Carvalho , Romanello Laís Aparecida , Domingues Nilton Silveira
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta pesquisas relacionadas ao uso de tecnologias na exploração matemática nas diferentes fases das tecnologias digitais. A divisão dessas fases inicia-se por volta dos anos 1980 e compreendem os dias atuais, de modo a se formar quatro fases que não são disjuntas. Para isso, enfatiza-se uma mesma atividade investigativa nas mídias calculadora gráfica, computadores e celulares inteligentes, discutindo as possibilidades e limitações de cada mídia. Aponta-se os celulares inteligentes como a principal tendência futura no que tange as tecnologias digitais em sala de aula de Matemática na Educação Básica. Com a discussão realizada é possível afirmar que o sucesso de uma atividade com o uso de tecnologias se dá a partir de uma atividade bem elaborada, que favoreça a investigação e a criação de conjecturas pelos alunos. Além disso, fatores como pouca formação do professor no que tange o uso das tecnologias para o ensino da matemática, estrutura curricular não flexível e a dificuldade na elaboração de atividades com tecnologias, geram barreiras no trabalho do professor.
Mapeamento de publicações sobre o ensino da química verde no Brasil a partir de redes sociais
Authors: Brandão Juliana Barreto , Bouzon Júlia Damazio , Dos Santos Taís Conceição , Pereira Valéria , Chrispino Álvaro
Published: November 2018

Nas últimas décadas, as questões ambientais têm merecido destaque tanto no cenário nacional quanto internacional, sendo o início da década de 1990 marcada pelo nascimento da Química Verde. O presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa do estado da arte sobre Química Verde na área de Ensino de Ciências e foi construído a partir da análise bibliométrica e de redes com 31 artigos selecionados a partir de pesquisa em 260 revistas nacionais indexadas em Qualis A1, A2 e B1 pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), na área de Ensino. A partir da análise das redes e da leitura das obras mais referenciadas, pudemos entender a relevância desta área para o Ensino de Ciências brasileiro, tendo como autores mais produtivos: Carlos Alberto Marques e Vânia Zuin; referências teóricas mais buscadas: Green Chemistry - Os 12 princípios da Química Verde e sua inserção nas atividades de ensino e pesquisa e Green Chemistry: theory and practice e os autores mais citados: Wildson Santos e Paul Anastas.
Educação rural e do campo / Countryside education
Authors: Pinto Karla de Freitas Alves
Published: November 2018

Resenha de: CARVALHO, Carlos Henrique de; CASTRO, Magali de. Educação rural e do campo. Uberlândia: EDUFU, 2014. 260 p.
Democracia, ciudadanía y participación: apuntes clave para la educación en derechos humanos / Democracy, citizenship and participation: keynotes for human rights education
Authors: Maroñas Bermúdez Andrea
Published: November 2018

El documento que presentamos tiene como objetivo realizar un ensayo al poner en relación términos como Educación para la Ciudadanía y Derechos Humanos en clave pedagógica y social; ya que parece un marco conceptual interesante y relevante para una educación integradora que responda a los desafíos asociados a la sociedad globalizada. En este marco se realiza una lectura reflexiva en relación a cuatro conceptos clave como son Educación en Derechos Humanos, Democracia, Ciudadanía y Participación Social. A tal fin, en primer lugar, presentamos la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos como un hito histórico de plena actualidad, que supone un referente común en lo político, jurídico y moral para las sociedades. Además, reflexionamos sobre la importancia de procesos educativos integrales e integradores para y desde la ciudadanía para la construcción colectiva de una cultura de Derechos Humanos. Seguidamente, se presenta el concepto de Democracia, entendiéndolo como el contexto idóneo para la materialización de dicha cultura de Derechos Humanos mediante la articulación de procesos participativos. Por último, concluimos relacionando de forma sintética las ideas clave del documento.Palabras clave: Derechos Humanos; Educación para la Ciudadanía; Participación; Democracia. ABSTRACT: The purpose of the document we present is to carry out a critical essay by linking terms such as Education for Citizenship and Human Rights in pedagogical and social terms; since it seems an interesting and relevant conceptual framework for an integrating education that responds to the challenges associated with the globalized society. In this context, a reflective reading is carried out in relation to four key concepts such as Education in Human Rights, Democracy, Citizenship and Social Participation. To this end, first of all, we present the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a historical milestone of full relevance, which is a common reference in the political, legal and moral for societies. In addition, we reflect on the importance of integrating and integrating educational processes for and from citizens for the collective construction of a Human Rights culture. Next, the concept of Democracy is presented, understanding it as the ideal context for the materialization of this culture of Human Rights through the articulation of participatory processes. Finally, we conclude by synthetically relating the key ideas of the document.Keywords: Human Rights; Education for Citizenship; Participation; Democracy.
Improvement of the cardiorespiratory endurance, perception of the effort and walking performance of the old people of the hospice Saint Marc of Kingasani by the practice of the adapted physical activities
Authors: BOFOSA Teddy , KAM Eric , MİANGİNDULA Betty , NJİMBU François , NKİAMA Constant
Published: November 2018

Objective: To verify
the effects of functional rehabilitation associated with a program of physical
activities adapted to the biomechanical parameters and perception of the effort
of the elderly. Methods: A longitudinal experimental
study of 30 elderly people living in the old people's home was conducted during
a 6-month period from July 2017 to January 2018. It consisted in evaluating the
biomechanical parameters and perception of the effort of older people a
functional rehabilitation program associated with the practice of adapted
physical activities.The parametric t test of student was used to compare the
averages of different parameters of study before and after the intervention
program.The statistical test results used were interpreted at the p <0.05 significance level for
statistical decision making. Results: After 6 months of
intervention, the elderly significantly improved their biomechanical
parameters: balance (p = 0.002), rate
(p < 0.01), walking speed (p = 0.03), strength and muscular
strength of the limbs lower (p =
0.041), perception with effort (p =
0.03). This program also allowed them to reduce their risk of falling (p = 0.057) and to increase their motor
autonomy (p = 0.003).

Conclusion: This study
shows that a biomechanical evaluation associated with functional rehabilitation
improves the balance and motor autonomy of the elderly, which leads to an
improvement in their quality of life.
The Political Hamlet According to Jan Kott and Jerzy Grotowski
Authors: Świątkowska Wanda
Published: November 2018

The article presents political interpretations of Hamlet in Poland in the turbulent period of politcal changes between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s. The author discusses the relationships between Shakespeare’s tragedy and Polish political context as well as the influence of audience expectations in the specific interpretations. The selected performances are: Hamlet by Roman Zawistowski (at the Old Theatre in Cracow 1956) and Hamlet Study by Jerzy Grotowski (at the Laboratory Theatre of 13 Rows in Opole 1964). They both were hugely influenced by major commentators of Hamlet, i.e. Stanisław Wyspiański and Jan Kott. The author argues that up-to-date readings of Hamlet, which started with Wyspiański’s study in 1905, flourished in the mid-1950s and mid-1960s when concerning specific political events: the Polish Thaw of 1956 and March 1968, when the Jews were expelled from Poland. Thus Hamlet of that time was updated and must be seen through the prism of political events.
DETERMINAN MARGIN KEUNTUNGAN PRODUK PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH
Authors: Rabbani Fachri Maulida , Nawirah Nawirah Nawirah
Published: November 2018

Murabahah financing product at PT. Pegadaian Syariah branch Landungsari Malang, Murabahah Logam Mulia untuk Investasi Abadi (MULIA) is defined as a gold trade financing in a cash or credit in accordance with Sharia laws. This research aims at exploring the determination process of profit margin and the implementation of Standard Operating Procedure in the practice of murabahah financing at PT. Pegadaian Syariah  branch of Landungsari Malang. This study uses qualitative method with two approaches. First, the researcher conducted an observation and in-depth interview to Strategi Bisnis Unit (SBU) assistant manager. The result of this study confirms that researcher get total of profit margin Rp. 85.414 in which there is administration cost Rp. 50.000, sales margin 2,5% Rp. 15.725, and installment margin 3,94% namely Rp. 24.783. Researcher get discount margin Rp. 5.094 that’s means net installment margin is Rp. 19.689. The determination of profit margin for murabahah financing has considered the terms of sharia laws by using consensus principle which is mentioned in Quran surah An Nisa verse 29. This verse explains that any transaction should not bother customers. With this basis, therefore, the practice of murabahah financing has been compatible with the regulations written on Standard Operating Procedure of the firm.
Öğretmen Performans Değerlendirme Sürecine İlişkin Okul Müdürü ve Öğretmen Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi : Nitel Bir Çalışma
Authors: BOZAN Serdar , EKİNCİ Abdurrahman
Published: November 2018

Bu araştırmanın
amacı, okul müdürlerinin “öğretmen performans değerlendirme” kapsamında
değerlendirme yeterliliklerini okul müdürleri ve öğretmen görüşleri ışığında
belirlemektir. Çalışma grubunu 2016-2017 eğitim ve öğretim yılında Mardin ili
Artuklu ilçesi sınırları içerisinde bulunan anaokulu, ilkokul, ortaokul ve
ortaöğretim okullarında görev yapan 15 okul müdürü ile 15 öğretmen
oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama yöntemi
olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı
olarak 12 sorudan oluşan “Öğretmen Performans Değerlendirme Süreci Müdür Yeterliliği Yarı
Yapılandırılmış Öğretmen Görüşme Formu” ve “Öğretmen Performans Değerlendirme Süreci Müdür Yeterliliği Yarı
Yapılandırılmış Okul Müdürü
Görüşme Formu”  hazırlanmış ve veriler yüz yüze gerçekleştirilen
görüşmelerle toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama sürecini oluşturan görüşme
uygulamasının örneklemi amaçlı örnekleme olarak maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme
yöntemi kullanılarak daha önceden belirlenen okullarda 15 okul müdürü ve 15 öğretmen
ile oluşturulmuştur. Veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz birimi
olarak cümleler seçilmiş ve tablolara aktarılarak frekanslarla birlikte
sunulmuştur. Nitel verilerden elde edilen bulgulara göre değerlendirme sonrası
puanlamadan kaynaklı sorunlar yaşanmasına rağmen okul müdürleri ve
öğretmenlerin öğretmen performans değerlendirme sürecini olumlu gördükleri
tespit edilmiştir. Okul müdürlerinin süreci yönetme yeterliliği konusunda
farklı görüşler mevcut olup, okul müdürlerine hizmet içi eğitim verilmesi ve
mevcut uygulamaların mevzuat ve işleyiş itibariyle daha kapsamlı şekilde ele
alınarak düzenlenmesi halinde sürecin daha verimli şekilde uygulanacağını ifade
etmek mümkündür.
BIM no planejamento de empreendimentos com sistemas de painéis pré-fabricados: uma alternativa para obras de habitação social
Authors: Bezerra Pedro Henrique Pinto , Santos Adriana de Paula Lacerda , Scheer Sergio
Published: November 2018

A pré-fabricação na construção ou construção off-site é apontada por pesquisadores como uma alternativa de industrializar o processo construtivo e atingir melhores níveis de desempenho. A utilização dos sistemas de painéis pré-fabricados, por sua vez, é considerada uma opção mais flexível e de execução mais simples dentre os diversos tipos de construção off-site existentes. Estes sistemas também são apontados como ideais para a construção de habitações de interesse social, em razão do seu alto desempenho sustentável e execução simples. Além disso, devido ao déficit habitacional verificado em países menos desenvolvidos, novos métodos construtivos que tornem a construção de habitações populares mais rápida e barata é necessária. Portanto, o presente artigo busca investigar, por meio da metodologia de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, a aplicação de Building Information Modeling (BIM) na construção com painéis pré-fabricados, de modo a chamar atenção para o potencial de uso dessas tecnologias como forma de suprir a demanda por moradia em países emergentes e subdesenvolvidos.
Análise da internacionalização da educação superior entre países emergentes
Authors: Moreira Larissa Cristina Dal Piva , Ranincheski Sonia Maria
Published: November 2018

No mundo globalizado, a educação ultrapassa as fronteiras geopolíticas e traz um desafio para os países e instituições de ensino superior: é preciso internacionalizar-se para sobreviver. Neste contexto, internacionalização universitária é entendida como políticas voltadas para as áreas de conhecimentos científicas e tecnológicas estabelecidas entre os países e as instituições de ensino superior. O objetivo geral deste trabalho consiste em analisar o processo de internacionalização universitária do Brasil com os demais países membros dos BRICS – Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul – comparando as políticas adotadas durante o período de governo de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) e Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016).  A metodologia utilizada consistiu em uma abordagem comparativa e qualitativa tendo como base a análise de conteúdo dos pronunciamentos oficiais dos presidentes brasileiros e entrevistas com expoentes da área tanto do Brasil quanto dos países membros dos BRICS. Como resultados identificaram-se discrepâncias entre visões e ações de internacionalização universitária, apesar da sequência partidária no governo. A conclusão do trabalho aponta para as diferenças entre os dois governos de um mesmo partido em relação ao tema da internacionalização universitária, indicando que não é suficiente a presença de um mesmo partido no governo para a criação de uma política de Estado. Para solucionar o dilema entre uma política de Estado e de governo e inserir-se estrategicamente no cenário internacional, o Brasil precisaria que a sua elite política transcendesse as rivalidades conjunturais e elegesse a educação e o nível de criação de conhecimentos como moedas não intercambiáveis.
Universities as the Engine of Transformational Sustainability in Delivering Against the Sustainable Development Goals: Livitabng Labs for Sustainability
Authors: Purcell Wendy M. , Henriksen Heather A. , Spengler Jack D.
Published: November 2018

Universities can do more to deliver against the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), working with faculty, staff and students as well as their wider stakeholder community and alumni body. They play a critical role in helping shape new ways for the world, educating global citizens and delivering knowledge and innovation into society – universities can be engines of societal transformation. Here, using a case study approach, different ways of strategizing sustainability in a university setting are explored with an example from the UK, Europe and USA. The first case is a public UK university that adopted enterprise and sustainability as its academic mission to secure differentiation in a disrupted and increasingly marketized global higher education sector which then became a source of inspiration for change in regional businesses and the local community. The second case study is a business sector-led sustainability-driven transformation working with a private university in Bulgaria to catalyze economic regeneration and social innovation. Finally, the case of Harvard’s Office for Sustainability engagement program is given to show how this approach connects faculty and students with institutional sustainability plans and external partners.  Each case is a living lab, positioning sustainability as an intentional strategy. Leadership at all levels, and by students, was key to success in acting with purpose. Partnerships within and with universities can help accelerate delivery of the SDGs, with higher education making a fuller contribution to sustaining the economic, cultural and intellectual well-being of our global communities. 
A Strategy-Based Model for Low Carbon Cities
Authors: Hasyimi Valid , Azizalrahman Hossny
Published: November 2018

Low carbon cities are increasingly forming a distinct strand of sustainability literature. Models have been developed to measure the performance of low carbon cities. The purpose of this paper is to formulate a strategy-based model to evaluate current performance and predict future conditions of low carbon cities. It examines the dynamic interrelationships between key performance indicators (KPIs), induces changes to city plan targets and then instantly predicts the outcome of these changes. Designed generic and flexible, the proposed model shows how low carbon targets could be used to guide the transformation of low carbon cities under four strategies: (1) passive intervention, (2) problem solving, (3) trend modifying and (4) opportunity seeking. Further, the model has been applied to 17 cities and then tested on 5 cities: London, New York, Barcelona, Dubai and Istanbul. The paper concludes with policy implications to realign city plans and support low carbon innovation.
RabbitRun: An Immersive Virtual Reality Game for Promoting Physical Activities Among People with Low Back Pain †
Authors: Alazba Amal , Al-Khalifa Hend , AlSobayel Hana
Published: November 2018

Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common problems among adults. The usual physiotherapy treatment is to perform physical exercises. However, some LBP patients have false beliefs regarding their pain and they tend to avoid physical movements which might increase their pain and disability. Virtual Reality (VR) has shown to be an effective intervention in improving motor functions and reducing pain perception. Existing VR interventions for LBP rehabilitation were based on a non-immersive VR, whereas to effectively reduce the pain intensity, we need an immersive VR. In this paper, we introduce the development and evaluation of a serious game called RabbitRun with an immersive experience to engage the patients in a virtual environment and distract them from the pain while performing LBP exercises. The initial usability evaluation results suggest that RabbitRun game is enjoyable and acceptable. The game is easy to play and learn and most of the participants are willing to play the game at home. This solution will enhance the rehabilitation outcome since the patients who are suffering from LBP can use the system at their home and train more for long period of time using a smartphone and low-cost virtual reality device such as Google Cardboard.
High Impedance Fault Detection in MV Distribution Network using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Veerasamy Veerapandiyan , Abdul Wahab Noor Izzri , Ramachandran Rajeswari , Mansoor Muhammad , Thirumeni Mariammal
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a method to detect and classify the high impedance fault that occur in the medium voltage distribution network using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The network is designed using Matlab software and various faults such as high impedance, symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault have been applied to study the effectiveness of the proposed ANFIS classifier method. This is achieved by training the ANFIS classifier using the features (standard deviation values) extracted from the three phase fault current signal by DWT technique for various cases of fault with different values of fault resistance in the system. The success and discrimination rate obtained for identifying and classifying the high impedance fault from the proffered method is 100% whereas the values are 66.7% and 85% respectively for conventional fuzzy based approach. The results indicate that the proposed method is more efficient to identify and discriminate the high impedance fault accurately from other power system faults in the system.
Near/Mid IR Differential Absorption OPO Lidar System for Gas Analysis of the Atmosphere
Authors: Romanovskii Oleg , Sadovnikov Sergey , Kharchenko Olga , Yakovlev Semen
Published: November 2018

Data on the atmospheric gas concentrations can be received with high efficiency and on a large spatial scale only from remote laser sounding instruments. The remote laser techniques with the use of lidars are widely used in the study of the atmosphere and control of its state. The aims of this work are the design and test in numerical and field experiments of a DIAL OPO lidar system based on KTA and KTP crystals for gas analysis of the atmosphere. Lidar measurements of atmospheric gases in the near/mid infrared region have been numerically simulated. The differential absorption lidar system based on optical parametric oscillators with nonlinear KTA and KTP crystals which allow laser radiation tuning both in the near and in the middle IR spectral region is described; it allows tuning laser radiation in the near/mid-IR wavelength regions. Lidar echo signals have been experimentally recorded in the 1.8–2.5 and 3–4 m wavelength ranges. The results of H2O and CO2 profile measurements along the surface sounding path are presented.
A Comparative Study of Hydroxyapatite Coating Produced with Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation and Hydrothermal Treatment on Titanium Alloys: Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb for Dental Implants
Authors: Nahum Elinor , Lugovskoy Svetlana
Published: November 2018

Titanium and Titanium alloys are considered perfect materials for applications in a human body, such as artificial joints and dental implants.  Ti6Al4V is a very common alloy used for dental implants, owing to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Nevertheless, because of uncertainties regarding the toxicity of vanadium and its influence on the human body, other titanium alloys containing no vanadium and retaining suitable properties are used. The aim of this study is to compare two viable titanium alloys, Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb, and to attain on their surface hydroxyapatite (HA) coating improving the osseointegration, as it simulates a human bone. In this work Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb were oxidized in a water solution of calcium acetate (Ca(CH3COO)2) and calcium glycerophosphate (Ca(PO4CH(CH2OH)2) by Plasma   Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) for 20 minutes and then were hydrothermally treated (HTT) in water (pH=7) and in KOH solution (pH=11) for 2 hours at 200°C  in a pressurized reactor. The surface morphologies, elemental composition and phase components were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction, respectively. The surface roughness was measured by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and thickness measurements were made by SEM and thickness gauge.  Also, corrosion tests were made to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the two alloys.
Complementarity Between Sentinel-1 and Landsat 8 Imagery for Built-Up Mapping in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Forget Yann , Shimoni Michal , Gilbert Marius , Linard Catherine
Published: November 2018

The rapid urbanization that takes place in developing regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa is associated with a large range of environmental and social issues. In this context, remote sensing is essential to provide accurate and up-to-date spatial information to support risk assessment and decision making. However, mapping urban areas remains a challenge because of their heterogeneity, especially in developing regions where the highest rates of misclassification are observed. Nevertheless, urban areas located in arid climates --- which are among the most vulnerables to anthropogenic impacts, suffer from the spectral confusion occurring between built-up and bare soil areas when using optical imagery. Today, the increasing availability of satellite imagery from multiple sensors allow to tackle the aforementioned issues by combining optical data with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). In this paper, we assess the complementarity of the Landsat 8 and Sentinel-1 sensors to map built-up areas in twelve Sub-Saharan African urban areas, using a pixel-level supervised classification based on the Random Forest classifier. We make use of textural information extracted from SAR backscattering data in order to reduce the speckle noise and to introduce contextual information at the pixel level. Results suggest that combining both optical and SAR features consistently improves classification performances, mainly by enhancing the differentiation between built-up and bare lands. However, the fusion was less beneficial in mountainous case studies, suggesting that including features derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) could improve the reliability of the proposed approach. As suggested by previous studies, combining features computed from both VV and VH polarizations consistently led to better classification performances. On the contrary, introducing textures computed from different spatial scales did not improve the classification performances.
A Rapid Method to Evaluate Bacterial Content in Food
Authors: Al-Adhami Mustafa , Patsy Marisa , Tan Elizabeth , El-Oseily Dina , Rao Govind , Kostov Yordan
Published: November 2018

The importance of detecting bacteria in various food products is ever-increasing, due to recent food trends that lend themselves to food contamination. Additionally, the detection of probiotics in food products is of increasing importance to consumers, who realize the benefits of probiotics on one’s diet. Existing technologies for detection of bacteria in food are accurate, but most are slow, increasingly costly and unsuitable for applications outside of research laboratories. Optic approaches have recently emerged as an alternative, allowing rapid detection of bacterial presence. This study employs a portable kinetics fluorometer, fabricated in-house, in conjunction with NADH sensitive fluorescence reporter for analysis of various food products. The presence of bacteria is detected in 5 minutes. Both pathogenic and probiotic bacteria were detected in food products, such as raw chicken and beef, spoiled lettuce and contaminated water, yogurt, and kombucha tea. The cellular activity of two probiotic pills was also verified. All samples displayed varying levels of bacterial activity. The study indicates the viability of biosensors being used as an alternate method to detect bacteria in food products – and the viability of a fluorescence-based biosensor to detect viable bacteria. The approach is suitable for both laboratory and field determinations.
Mixed-State Ionic Beams: An Effective Tool for Collision Dynamics Investigations
Authors: Benis Emmanouil P. , Madesis Ioannis , Laoutaris Angelos , Nanos Stefanos , Zouros Theo J. M.
Published: November 2018

The use of mixed-state ionic beams in collision dynamics investigations is examined. Using high resolution Auger projectile spectroscopy involving He-like ($1s^2\thinspace^1\!S, 1s2s\thinspace^{3,1}\!S$) mixed-state beams, the spectrum contributions of the $1s2s\thinspace^3\!S$ metastable beam component is effectively separated and clearly identified. This is performed with a technique that exploits two independent spectrum measurements under the same collision conditions, but with ions having quite different metastable fractions, judiciously selected by varying the ion beam charge-stripping conditions. Details of the technique are presented together with characteristic examples. In collisions of 4 MeV B$^{3+}$ with H$_2$ targets, the Auger electron spectrum of the separated $1s2s\thinspace^{3}S$ boron beam component allows for a detailed analysis of the formation of the $1s2s(^3\!S)nl \thinspace^2\!L$ states by direct $nl$ transfer. In addition, the production of hollow $2s2p\thinspace^{1,3}\!P$ doubly- and $2s2p^2\thinspace^2\!D$ triply-excited states, by direct excitation and transfer-excitation processes, respectively, can also be independently studied. In similar mixed-state beam collisions of 15 MeV C$^{4+}$ with H$_2$, He, Ne and Ar targets, the contributions of the $1s^2$, $1s2s\thinspace^{3,1}S$ beam components to the formation of the $2s2p\thinspace^{3,1}\!P$ states by double-excitation, $1s\rightarrow2p$ excitation and transfer-loss processes can be clearly identified, facilitating comparisons with theoretical calculations.
A Microethnographic and Ethnobotanical Approach to Llayta Consumption among the Andes Feeding Practices
Authors: Rivera Mailing , Galetovic Alexandra , Licuime Romina , Gómez-Silva Benito
Published: November 2018

Llayta is a dietary supplement used by rural communities in Perú and northern Chile since pre-Columbian days. Llayta is the biomass of colonies of a Nostoc cyanobacterium grown in wetlands of the Andean highlands, harvested, sun-dried and sold as an ingredient for human consumption. The biomass has a substantial content of essential amino acids (58% of total amino acids) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (33% total fatty acids). This ancestral practice is being loss and the causes were investigated by an ethnographic approach to register the social representations of Llayta, to document how this Andean feeding practice is perceived and how much the community knows about Llayta. Only 37% of the participants (mostly adults) have had a direct experience with Llayta; other participants (mostly children) did not have any knowledge about it. These social responses reflect anthropological and cultural tensions associated to lack of knowledge on Andean algae, sites where to find Llayta, where it is commercialized, how it is cooked and on its nutritional benefits. The loss of this ancestral feeding practice, mostly on northern Chile, is probably associated to cultural changes, migration of the rural communities, and a very limited access to the available information. We propose that Llayta consumption can be revitalized by developing appropriate educational strategies and investigating potential new food derivatives based on the biomass from the isolated Llayta cyanobacterium.
Infant Food Security in New Zealand: A Multidimensional Index Developed from Cohort Data
Authors: Schlichting Deborah , Hashemi Ladan , Grant Cameron
Published: November 2018

Food security (FS) during infancy is associated with lifelong outcomes.  New Zealand is a developed economy that reports poor childhood nutrition-related health statistics, particularly among minority children, yet has no measure of FS applicable to infancy. The objective was to develop a FS index for New Zealand infants and examine its association with demographic covariates and health outcomes.  Within a large (n=6853) nationally representative cohort, variables describing infant food consumption, breastfeeding, and maternal food-related coping methods were collected from mothers during late infancy.  A FS index was derived using confirmatory factor analysis.  Associations were assessed by logistic regressions and described using odds ratios (OR) and ≥95% confidence intervals (CI).  15% of the cohort was highly FS, 43% tenuously food insecure (FIS), and 16% highly food insecure (FIS).  Infants from minority ethnic groups had lower odds of being food secure, as did those born to the youngest mothers, mothers who smoked, or lived in low-income households.  FIS infants had higher odds of morbidity.  Interventions to improve infant FS should focus on improving dietary quality, and give particular consideration to minority infants.  We identified that FIS shows wide ethnic and socioeconomic inequity, and is associated with poorer health.  The most important driving factors of FIS included poor quality weaning diets, and poverty and its proxies. Any interventions to improve infant FS should focus on increasing fruit and vegetable consumption to recommended intake levels, and give particular consideration to minority infants.
A “DIDÁTICA MAGNA”, O “VERDADEIRO MÉTODO DE ESTUDAR” E A CONCEPÇÃO DE ENSINO DO LATIM
Authors: Dos Santos Ricardo Costa , Souza Josefa Eliana
Published: November 2018

Esse artigo trata da concepção de ensino do latim em Comenius, na “Didática Magna” de 1649 e em Verney, no “Verdadeiro Método de Estudar” de 1746. A partir dessas duas obras, buscou-se entender o papel do latim na formação do aluno, da língua vernácula como um novo instrumento para aquisição de conhecimento, bem como os problemas metodológicos apontados e as soluções apresentadas. A aprendizagem das línguas ocupa um lugar importante nessas duas obras, o latim em especial, por ainda gozar do status de língua de saber, de uma língua “comum da gente instruída”. O idioma vernáculo também ganha relevância como veículo de ensino. Dessa maneira, ambos teceram críticas ao ensino do idioma, propondo correções metodológicas. Apesar da distância temporal, os autores trazem algumas ideias semelhantes no que tange a “importância da língua latina” para formação do indivíduo e da língua vernácula para o ensino e aprendizagem.  À vista disso, evidencia-se um novo paradigma nos séculos XVI e XVII, pois o latim foi deixando de ser pouco a pouco a língua instrumento de saber, perdendo espaço para as línguas vernáculas.
DOCÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIAS, MEDIAÇÃO E DOCÊNCIA UNIVERSITÁRIA: APROXIMAÇÕES ENTRE O PRESENCIAL E A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Arruda Durcelina
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo buscaremos discutir os aspectos que envolvem a docência universitária no ensino superior na perspectiva de uma sociedade cuja primazia é a mobilidade do acesso a informação e conhecimento digital. Inicialmente discutiremos os aspectos da inovação pedagógica em contextos tecnológicos presenciais e a distância. Em seguida, procederemos a uma análise conceitual da tecnologia para problematizar os desafios postos ao professor na contemporaneidade. Por fim, discutimos as perspectivas de mediação na Educação a presencial e a distância, com vistas a apresentar perspectivas críticas e necessárias que direcionam a novas posturas teóricas e empíricas do professor universitário.
Bias From Potentially Mischievous Responders on Large-Scale Estimates of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Questioning (LGBQ)–Heterosexual Youth Health Disparities
Authors: Cimpian Joseph R. , Timmer Jennifer D. , Birkett Michelle A. , Marro Rachel L. , Turner Blair C. , Phillips Gregory L.
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To determine how sensitive estimates of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning (LGBQ)–heterosexual youth health disparities are to the presence of potentially mischievous responders.

Methods. We used US data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, pooled across jurisdictions that included a question about sexual identity for a total sample of 148 960 students. We used boosted regressions (a machine-learning technique) to identify unusual patterns of responses to 7 screener items presumably unrelated to LGBQ identification, which generated an index of suspected mischievousness. We estimated LGBQ–heterosexual youth disparities on 20 health outcomes; then we removed 1% of suspected mischievous responders at a time and re-estimated disparities to assess the robustness of original estimates.

Results. Accounting for suspected mischievousness reduced estimates of the average LGBQ–heterosexual youth health disparity by up to 46% for boys and 23% for girls; however, screening did not affect all outcomes equally. Drug- and alcohol-related disparities were most affected, particularly among boys, but bullying and suicidal ideation were unaffected.

Conclusions. Including screener items in public health data sets and performing rigorous sensitivity analyses can support the validity of youth health estimates.
Trends and Racial Disparities of Late-Stage HIV Diagnosis: Hawaii, 2010–2016
Authors: Li Fenfang , Juan Brandi K. , Wozniak Michelle , Watson Stuart K. , Katz Alan R. , Whiticar Peter M. , McCormick Timothy , Qiu Yuanshan “Sandy” , Wasserman Glenn M.
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To examine racial/ethnic disparities in Hawaii in stage 3 classification at HIV diagnosis and trends in such disparities from 2010 through 2016.

Methods. We analyzed data including patients’ demographic information, behavioral risk factors, residential county at HIV diagnosis, and type of facility where HIV was diagnosed. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to examine racial/ethnic disparities in late-stage diagnoses after adjustment for known or possible confounders.

Results. About 30% of HIV diagnoses were classified as late-stage (stage 3) diagnoses, and there were significant racial/ethnic disparities in stage 3 classification at diagnosis. Relative to Whites, the odds of being diagnosed at stage 3 were 3.7 times higher among Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHPIs; odds ratio [OR] = 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.89, 7.22) and more than twice as high among Asians (OR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.16, 5.20). Older age and being diagnosed in an inpatient setting were associated with stage 3 classification.

Conclusions. Targeted preventive services need to be strengthened for Asians and NHPIs in Hawaii.
Age-Period-Cohort Analyses of Tuberculosis Incidence Rates by Nativity, United States, 1996–2016
Authors: Iqbal Shareen A. , Winston Carla A. , Bardenheier Barbara H. , Armstrong Lori R. , Navin Thomas R.
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To assess changes in US tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates by age, period, and cohort effects, stratified according to race/ethnicity and nativity.

Methods. We used US National Tuberculosis Surveillance System data for 1996 to 2016 to estimate trends through age-period-cohort models.

Results. Controlling for cohort and period effects indicated that the highest rates of TB incidence occurred among those 0 to 5 and 20 to 30 years of age. The incidence decreased by age for successive birth cohorts. There were greater estimated annual percentage decreases among US-born individuals (–7.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = –7.5, –7.1) than among non–US-born individuals (–4.3%; 95% CI = –4.5, –4.1). US-born individuals older than 25 years exhibited the largest decreases, a pattern that was not reflected among non–US-born adults. In the case of race/ethnicity, the greatest decreases by nativity were among US-born Blacks (–9.3%; 95% CI = –9.6, –9.1) and non–US-born Hispanics (–5.7%; 95% CI = –6.0, –5.5).

Conclusions. TB has been decreasing among all ages, races and ethnicities, and consecutive cohorts, although these decreases are less pronounced among non–US-born individuals.
Reducing HIV-Related Health Disparities in the Health Resources and Services Administration’s Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program
Authors: Mandsager Paul , Marier Allison , Cohen Stacy , Fanning Miranda , Hauck Heather , Cheever Laura W.
Published: November 2018

The Health Resources and Services Administration’s Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) supports direct health care treatment and support services to more than 50% of all people living with diagnosed HIV in the United States. A critical goal of the RWHAP is to reduce HIV-related health disparities to help end the HIV epidemic.

From 2010 through 2016, the RWHAP made significant progress reducing viral suppression disparities among client populations, particularly among women, transgender persons, youths, Blacks or African Americans, and unstably housed clients.

To assist with the reduction of the remaining disparities in HIV-related health outcomes among clients, the RWHAP continues to support planning and resource allocation for RWHAP Parts A through D and AIDS Drug Assistance Program, as well as through implementing policy and program initiatives, Special Projects of National Significance, evaluation studies, and collaborations to disseminate effective interventions.
Growth, Production and Seed Quality of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Mg 5 Under Different Planting Space
Authors: Umami Nafiatul , Kusuma Asrie Hardianing Indra , Noviandi Cuk Tri
Published: November 2018

The research aimed to investigate the effect of different planting space on the seed production of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG 5.This study used three dimensions of spacing: 75 x 75 cm, 100 x 100 cm, and 150 x 150 cm. The seed was germinated before planted on the 3 x 3 m plot with three replications. Fertilization was performed twice at the age of 30 and 90 days with NPK fertilizer 400 kg ha-1 and given the same amount of water. The variables observed were the plants’ height, length, number of tiller, inflorescence, raceme, spikelet, the seed purity, the seed production (kg ha-1), and viability. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD), and if any difference existed, it was continued with Duncan's new multiple range test. The results showed that the different planting space was significant (P<0.05) to the seed production of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5., which was the seed production at 75 x 75 cm spacing was 206.43 kg ha-1, 100 x 100 cm was 354.43 kg ha-1, and 150 x 150 cm was 128.87 kg ha-1. The highest seed production was resulted in planting space of 100 x 100 cm that was 354.43 kg ha-1.
Pizza and Hamburger Consumption to Overweight among Adolescents in Jambi City
Authors: Kalsum Ummi , Nainggolan Sahridayanti , Ng Nawi
Published: November 2018

Junk food is unhealthy and poor in nutrient quality, and may result in weight gain, obesity and coronary heart disease, if consumed regularly. The prevalence of adolescents in the overweight category is 5-10% higher in urban areas. Adolescents undergo lifestyle changes, including in food consumption behavior. This study aimed to determine the relationship between junk food consumption patterns and weight gain in adolescents. This study was conducted based on a cross-sectional design. A total of 137 high school students in Jambi City were involved in this study. Patterns of junk food consumption were assessed using food frequency questionnaires that examined the eating habits of study subjects. The variables were sex, maternal education, parents’ occupation, and family’s socio-economic level. Analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Nutritional status was measured using body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) with WHO Antro software. The results of this study indicated a 23.4% prevalence of overweight adolescents. After controlling for maternal education, father’s occupation, instant noodle eating habits, and tea, coffee and cookies consumption, our final model showed that consumption of pizza and hamburgers among adolescents was the dominant determinant for weight gain (OR=3.55). Consumption of pizza and hamburger was related to weight gain among adolescents in Jambi City.
Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight
Authors: Rahfiludin Mohammad Zen , Dharmawan Yudhy
Published: November 2018

Neonatal deaths are associated with preterm birth complications. Preterm birth is also related to low birth weight (LBW), which can have multiple causes. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with LBW. This was a cross-sectional study held in Bulu Primary Health Care, Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia. The sample size required for this study was 69 based on the Slovin formula. Data were collected using questionnaires and semi-quantitative FFQ forms. Data on infant birth weight was taken from midwives’ delivery cohort records. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), hemoglobin level, blood pressure, maternal age, parity, nutritional intake, and serum transferrin receptor data were taken from the infant’s mother using a MUAC tape, automatic blood pressure monitor and blood laboratory analysis by Prodia. Data analysis procedures were carried out with quantitative methods. Descriptive statistics were analyzed as means and standard deviations. Inferential statistics used the chi-square test for bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The results of this study showed that mean infant birth weight was 2917.68 ± 374.673 kg. Inferential analysis showed that MUAC and pregnancy at a risky age are significant risk factors associated with LBW, while serum transferrin receptor levels, anemia, parity, energy and protein consumption levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure are nonsignificant risk factors. The probability of LBW in pregnant women with LILA under 23.5 cm and pregnancy at a risky age is 68.9%.