bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Almost *-η-Ricci soliton on three-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Pavithra R. C. , Nagaraja H. G.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we characterize three-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifolds of type [Formula: see text] admitting *-[Formula: see text]-Ricci-solitons and gradient almost *-[Formula: see text]-Ricci-solitons. First, we prove that a trans-Sasakian three-manifold of type [Formula: see text] admitting a *-[Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton reduces to a [Formula: see text]-Kenmostu manifold, provided potential vector field [Formula: see text] is Jacobi along a geodesic of [Formula: see text]. Next, we show that the trans-Sasakian metric as a gradient almost *-[Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton is either flat [Formula: see text] *-[Formula: see text]-Einstein [Formula: see text] a [Formula: see text]-Kenmotsu manifold.
Simons type formulas for surfaces in Sol3 and applications
Authors: Fetcu Dorel
Published: April 2023

We compute the Laplacian of the squared norm of the second fundamental form of a surface in Sol3 and then use this Simons type formula to obtain some gap results for compact constant mean curvature surfaces of this space.
On the 2-part of the Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for elliptic curves with complex multiplication by the ring of integers of ℚ(−7)
Authors: Yoshida Takumi
Published: April 2023

For a modular elliptic curve [Formula: see text] and its quadratic twists [Formula: see text], we give equivalent conditions such that the [Formula: see text]-Selmer group [Formula: see text] is minimal, namely, it is of order [Formula: see text]. One of these conditions is described by the [Formula: see text]-value [Formula: see text]. The other conditions are described by quadratic and biquadratic residue symbol, so explicit and computable (and one can compute the density of [Formula: see text]). Also we prove the full Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture when the equivalent conditions are satisfied. This generalizes a result by J. Coates, Y. Li, Y. Tian and S. Zhai.
Natural homomorphism of Witt rings of a certain cubic order
Authors: Gładki Paweł , Pulikowski Mateusz
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we provide an example of a nonmaximal order in a cubic number field [Formula: see text] whose Witt ring is embedded into the Witt ring of [Formula: see text].
Hasse principle violations in twist families of superelliptic curves
Authors: Watson Lori D.
Published: April 2023

Conditionally on the [Formula: see text] conjecture, we generalize the previous work of Clark and the author to show that a superelliptic curve [Formula: see text] of sufficiently high genus has infinitely many twists violating the Hasse Principle if and only if [Formula: see text] has no [Formula: see text]-rational roots. We also show unconditionally that a curve defined by [Formula: see text] (for [Formula: see text] prime and [Formula: see text]) has infinitely many twists violating the Hasse Principle over any number field [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] contains the [Formula: see text]th roots of unity and [Formula: see text] has no [Formula: see text]-rational roots.
On length of the period of the continued fraction of nd
Authors: Gawron Filip , Kobos Tomasz
Published: April 2023

For a given quadratic irrational [Formula: see text], let us denote by [Formula: see text] the length of the periodic part of the continued fraction expansion of [Formula: see text]. We prove that for every positive integer [Formula: see text], which is not a perfect square, there are infinitely many even integers [Formula: see text], for which the equality [Formula: see text] holds for infinitely many integers [Formula: see text].
Congruences for k-elongated plane partition diamonds
Authors: Baruah Nayandeep Deka , Das Hirakjyoti , Talukdar Pranjal
Published: April 2023

In the eleventh paper in the series on MacMahon’s partition analysis, Andrews and Paule introduced the [Formula: see text]-elongated partition diamonds. Recently, they revisited the topic. Let [Formula: see text] count the partitions obtained by adding the links of the [Formula: see text]-elongated plane partition diamonds of length [Formula: see text]. Andrews and Paule obtained several generating functions and congruences for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. Da Silva et al. further found many congruences modulo 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 11 for [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we extend some individual congruences found by Andrews and Paule and da Silva et al. to their respective families as well as find new families of congruences for [Formula: see text]. We also present a refinement in an existence result for congruences of [Formula: see text] found by da Silva et al. and prove some new individual as well as a few families of congruences modulo 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 23, 25, 32, 49, 64, and 128.
The Trust Risk Puzzle: The Impact of Trust on the Willingness to Take Financial Risk
Authors: Oehler Andreas , Horn Matthias , Wendt Stefan
Published: April 2023

We provide a structural equation model to analyze the influence of both willingness to trust others and personality factors such as the Big Five characteristics and optimism on retail investors’ risky assets share and general willingness to take risks. The main findings are as follows: The personality trait agreeableness has a significant and positive impact on general willingness to trust. Willingness to trust others has a significant negative influence on the willingness to take financial risk. More neurotic and more conscientious individuals are significantly more risk averse. Furthermore, more optimistic people reveal a significant lower degree of risk aversion.
What the Software Industry Is Measuring?
Authors: El-Deeb Ahmed
Published: April 2023

We are living in a world where numbers have big influence on us. Just give someone a number and you would likely get no opposition to what you are trying to prove with that number. This is because a numbers is void of any emotions - it's just a number; it cannot lie. Following the same line, we believe that data helps us understand the world around us and when we understand it we will become more fit in coping with its demands. If you know that 40% of world population are looking for an app that has save feature and you could give that to them, you are seizing that portion. Software companies are not like regular business companies; they thrive on direct users' utilization of their software due to the pervasiveness of software. This paper surveys key metrics that are used in the software industry to measure what matters the most so that they ensure to meet their customers' needs.
Service-Action-Objects
Authors: Maus Adam
Published: April 2023

With the diversity of digital platforms available nowadays, captur- ing, integrating, and analyzing user interactions across multiple platforms in a uniform way is critical for determining the over- all system's success. We present recommendations for a cross- platform system for logging interaction data. The ideal logging system should be: expressive, customizable and future-ready, struc- tured and consistent, developer-friendly, unobtrusive, and easy- to-interpret and convey to others. Based on these recommenda- tions we propose Service-Action-Objects, an approach that cap- tures interaction data on each platform as events in the form of a Service, a distinct feature such as a \blog," an Action, an action that a user has performed within the service such as \wrote an article," and Objects, an object or set of objects being acted on by the user such as the identi er of the blog article written. We discuss the strengths and limitations of this approach and present examples.
Report from the 4th Int. Workshop on Education through Advanced Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (EASEAI '22)
Authors: Henry Julie , Praphamontripong Upsorn , Serban Camelia , Vescan Andreea
Published: April 2023

The growth of digital technologies has drastically altered daily life. Both the general public and specialized groups must continuously acquire new knowledge and skills. The EASEAI workshop series addresses this issue by examining the fields of software engineering, education, and AI research to discover ways they can be integrated. This workshop gathers researchers, educators, and practitioners who apply advanced software engineering and AI in education, and allows for a cross-generational and interdisciplinary exchange of ideas among students, to examine current practices and establish new future goals. More details at https://easeai.github.io.
Great Green Walls: Hype, Myth, and Science
Authors: Turner Matthew D. , Davis Diana K. , Yeh Emily T. , Hiernaux Pierre , Loizeaux Emma R. , Fornof Emily M. , Rice Anika M. , Suiter Aaron K.
Published: April 2023

Visions of planting walls of trees to block the expansion of the desert have long been promoted but never realized. The green wall myth persists today even though it is premised on outdated understandings of desertification. We review the history of the idea of green walls and focus on two sets of contemporary initiatives to assess their outcomes: peri-Saharan programs (Algeria's Green Dam and Great Green Wall in sub-Saharan Africa) and China's Three Norths Shelterbelt Program. This review reveals a mixed record of technical success with low rates of the establishment of monocultures of fast-growing trees vulnerable to disease. While there is evidence for reduced wind erosion in some areas, afforestation is also associated with reduced soil moisture and lowering of water tables. Social impacts include increased water scarcity for people and livestock in some cases, and resource enclosures that particularly work against pastoralist livelihoods.
Direct Conversion of Ammonia to Electricity on a PCFC and an SOFC
Authors: Chien Andrew C. , Chen Willy Y. , Zheng Mike S.
Published: April 2023

A protonic ceramic fuel cell (PCFC) and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using NiO/BZCY and NiO/YSZ anodes, respectively, were compared in H2 and NH3 fuels at 600 °C. The effect on the cell performance by adding lanthanum strontium ruthenium titanate (LSRT) into the anode were investigated. The performance of PCFCs in NH3 was found to resemble that in H2 and remain stable; by contrast, the SOFC was subject to a rigorous fluctuation of voltages in NH3, followed by performance loss. Surface characterization evidenced that phase separation between nickel and electrolyte YSZ is a major reason to the deactivation of SOFCs. The structure degradation occurred due to repetitive nitridation of nickel and subsequent oxidation reaction. Despite containing nickel in the anode too, the PCFC experienced the little effect since the oxidation reaction occurs at the cathode. Furthermore, the addition of the LSRT helped stabilize the PCFC anode by facilitating decomposition of ammonia with exsolved ruthenium sites, which are characterized by temperature programmed reaction studies.
Experimental Results of a 10/40 kW-Class Reversible Solid Oxide Cell Demonstration System at Forschungszentrum Jülich
Authors: Peters Ro. , Tiedemann W. , Hoven I. , Deja R. , Kruse N. , Fang Q. , Schäfer D. , Kunz F. , Blum L. , Peters R. , Eichel R.-A.
Published: April 2023

In 2018, a 5/15 kWDCreversible solid oxide cell system was developed and successfully operated by Forschungszentrum Jülich. Based on the knowledge gained with this first system, an optimized system in the power class of 10/40 kWACwas developed afterwards in 2019 that uses the well-established Integrated Module. This module consists of four 20-layer sub-stacks, two heat exchangers and five heating plates. It represents the main components of the system. The basic system layout was retained in general from the previous system and adjusted in accordance with the higher power level, as well as the supporting balance of plant components. The layout of the demonstrator system and its results are described. During the experimental evaluation in fuel cell mode, the system could provide an electrical output power from 1.7 to 13 kWAC. The maximum system efficiency of 63.3% based on the lower heating value (LHV) could be reached at a system power of 10.4 kWAC. This operating point was also analyzed regarding the temperature distribution in the stack and efficiency losses. In electrolysis mode, a maximum efficiency of 71.1% (LHV) was achieved with an electrical power input of −49.6 kWAC. At this operating point, about 11.7 Nm3h−1of hydrogen are generated. The stack temperature distribution and the efficiency losses are also analyzed for the electrolysis mode. Finally, the potential for the efficiency optimization through higher heat integration in this mode is experimentally evaluated and discussed.
Inflammation and DKK1-induced AKT activation contribute to endothelial dysfunction following NR2F2 loss
Authors: Dougherty Edward J. , Chen Li-Yuan , Awad Keytam S. , Ferreyra Gabriela A. , Demirkale Cumhur Y. , Keshavarz Ali , Gairhe Salina , Johnston Kathryn A. , Hicks Madelyn E. , Sandler Alexis B. , Curran Colleen S. , Krack Janell M. , Ding Yi , Suffredini Anthony F. , Solomon Michael A. , Elinoff Jason M. , Danner Robert L.
Published: April 2023

NR2F2 loss in the endothelial lining of blood vessels is associated with cardiovascular disease. Here, NR2F2-silenced human endothelial cells were inflammatory, proliferative, hypermigratory, and apoptosis-resistant with increased oxidant stress and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. DKK1 was induced in NR2F2-silenced endothelial cells, while co-silencing NR2F2 and DKK1 prevented NR2F2-loss-associated abnormalities in endothelial signaling and phenotype. Activating NR2F2 or blocking DKK1 may be useful therapeutic targets for treating vascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
Age-associated differences in the human lung extracellular matrix
Authors: Koloko Ngassie Maunick Lefin , De Vries Maaike , Borghuis Theo , Timens Wim , Sin Don D. , Nickle David , Joubert Philippe , Horvatovich Peter , Marko-Varga György , Teske Jacob J. , Vonk Judith M. , Gosens Reinoud , Prakash Y. S. , Burgess Janette K. , Brandsma Corry-Anke
Published: April 2023

We identified seven age-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, i.e., COL1A1, COL6A1, COL6A2 COL14A1, FBLN2, LTBP4, and LUM with higher transcript and protein levels in human lung tissue with age. Extensive immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant age-associated differences for COL6A2 in whole tissue, parenchyma, airway wall, and vessel, for COL14A1 and LUM in bronchial epithelium, and COL1A1 in parenchyma. Our findings lay a new foundation for the investigation of ECM differences in age-associated chronic lung diseases.
Exhaled breath condensate identifies metabolic dysregulation in patients with radiation-induced lung injury
Authors: Pierre-Louis Odoom Josly , Freeberg Margaret A. T. , Camus Sarah V. , Toft Robin , Szomju Barbara B. , Sanchez Rosado Rose Marie , Jackson Peter D. , Allegood Jeremy C. , Silvey Scott , Liu Jinze , Cowart L. Ashley , Weiss Elisabeth , Thatcher Thomas H. , Sime Patricia J.
Published: April 2023

We report that exhaled breath condensate (EBC) identifies cellular metabolic dysregulation in patients with radiation-induced lung injury. In this pilot study, untargeted metabolomics revealed a striking metabolic signature in EBC from patients with radiation-induced lung fibrosis compared to patients with lung cancer, at-risk smokers, and healthy volunteers. Patients with radiation-induced fibrosis exhibit specific changes in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle energy metabolism that may be required to support the increased energy demands of fibroproliferation.
Celastrol Treatment Ameliorated Acute Ischemic Stroke‐Induced Brain Injury by Microglial Injury Inhibition and Nrf2/HO‐1 Pathway Activations
Authors: Cao Fanfan , Wang Ying , Song Yuting , Xu Fengxia , Xie Qiuhua , Jiang Mei , Liu Xinghui , Zhang Denghai , Xu Limin
Published: April 2023

Background. Stroke is the third main reason of mortality, which is the leading reason for adult disability in the globe. Poststroke inflammation is well known to cause acute ischemic stroke‐ (AIS‐) induced brain injury (BI) exacerbation. Celastrol (CL) has exhibited anti‐inflammatory activities in various inflammatory traits though underlying mechanisms remain unknown. So, the present investigation is aimed at studying CL protective mechanism against AIS‐induced BI. Methods. A mouse model regarding middle cerebral artery occlusion and an oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model with or not CL treatment were constructed to study CL protective effects. NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) was then silenced in BV2 microglia cells (BV2) to study Nrf2 role regarding CL‐mediated neuroprotection. Results. The results showed that CL treatment suppressed AIS‐induced BI by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase‐1 pathway activations and induction of apoptosis and pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. NLRP3/caspase‐1 pathway blocking activation suppressed OGD‐induced cell pyroptosis and apoptosis. Also, CL treatment reversed OGD‐induced microglial injury by promoting Nrf2/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) pathway activations. Nrf2 downregulation reversed CL protective effects against OGD‐induced microglial injury, pyroptosis, and apoptosis. Conclusion. The findings advise that CL treatment ameliorated AIS‐induced BI by inhibiting microglial injury and activating the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway.
Study of Mechanical Behavior and Deformation Field Characteristics of Sandstone under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Zhong Anhai
Published: April 2023

The sandstone yield strength and tensile strength were increased under cyclic loading paths by using the Brazilian splitting method. The experiment shows that (1) the sandstone specimens exhibit multiple penetrating crack damage by cyclic loading, while the tensile strength slightly increases; (2) the sandstone horizontal strain (Exx) concentration area decreases, and the shear strain (Exy) concentration area increases under cyclic loading, and the damage form changes from completely brittle tensile damage to ductile mixed tensile-shear damage; (3) the mechanism of the increase in tensile strength of the specimen under cyclic loading was explained by digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The results indicate that a time lag occurs in the horizontal strain concentration zone, and the area of the penetration zone decreases from the cyclic loading effect, while the reduced stress concentration leads to increased tensile strength of the specimens.
BISGA: Recalculating the Entire Boolean-Valued Information System from Aggregates Using a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ali Salman , Khan Muhammad Sadiq , Shah Habib , Garg Harish , Alsheddy Abdullah
Published: April 2023

A Boolean-valued information system (BIS) is an application of a soft set in which the data are mapped in a binary form and used in making applications not limited to decision-making, medical diagnoses, game theory, and economics. BIS may be lost for several reasons including virus attacks, improper entry, and machine errors. A concept was presented that the entire lost BIS can be regenerated from four aggregate sets through supposition. Based on that concept, this paper presents an algorithm to recalculate the entire BIS through a genetic algorithm (GA), named BISGA which is more general and easy to implement than the supposition method. A solved example is presented which explains how BISGA works. Furthermore, BISGA is implemented in Python and evaluated on both UCI benchmark datasets and randomized datasets for checking its efficiency and accuracy. Results show that the lost BIS is recovered significantly and accurately; however, the efficiency drops when the size of the BIS increases. This novel approach may help practitioners recalculate the entire lost BIS, which in turn helps in the decision-making process and conclusions.
Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors for the Acquisition of Antibiotic‐Resistant Staphylococcus spp. Bacteria Among Pastoralist Farmers in Kajiado Central Subcounty, Kenya
Authors: Ong’era Edidah , Kagira John , Maina Naomi , Kiboi Daniel , Waititu Kenneth , Michira Lynda , Ngotho Maina
Published: April 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing health problem globally. To address this challenge, there is a need to generate baseline data on the prevalence and AMR profile of the main disease‐causing bacteria. Here, we interrogated the prevalence of bacteria in the nasal cavity of healthy pastoralists in Kajiado Central Subcounty, Kenya, and the occurrence of AMR in Staphylococcus isolates among the study subjects. Nasal swabs from 176 pastoralists were cultured, and the bacteria isolates identified using standard phenotypic and biochemical bacteriological methods. Among the obtained 195 isolates, the most prevalent isolates were coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (44.9%), followed by Enterococci spp. (43.2%) while Staphylococcus aureus prevalence was 8%. Antimicrobial sensitivity of the Staphylococcus spp. isolates to 14 antibiotics representing six antibiotic groups was undertaken using the Kirby‐Bauer disk diffusion method. Among the CoNS, the highest resistance was reported in amoxicillin (78.7%) and ceftazidime (76%), while the most resistance for S. aureus was reported in ceftazidime (100%), amoxicillin (71.4%), and streptomycin (71.4%). From an administered questionnaire looking at gender, animal contact frequency, history of hospital visitation and antibiotic usage, and habitual intake of raw milk, the study showed that male participants had a higher risk of carrying multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria than females (p = 0.02, OR = 1.3). Likewise, habitual intake of raw milk was significantly associated MDR acquisition (p = 0.02, OR = 1.82). This study reveals a high prevalence of AMR Staphylococcus isolates in the study area laying a foundation for further analysis of molecular characterization of the observed resistance as well as the development of interventions that can reduce the occurrence of AMR in the study area.
Effect of Nitrogen Partial Pressure on Structure, Mechanical Property, and Corrosion Behavior of ZrNx Films Prepared by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Liang Daoxuan , Dai Wei
Published: April 2023

ZrNx films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering with pure Zr target in different nitrogen partial pressure atmospheres (

r
=

N

2

/

Ar
+

N

2

). The structure and composition of the thin films were characterized as a function of

r

using scanning electron microscope, glancing angle X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The hardness, adhesive strength, and corrosion behavior of the coatings were measured by nanoindentation, microscratch, and potentiodynamic measurements in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results show that the structure of the ZrNx films changes from a nearly stoichiometric ZrN with a typical columnar structure to mixed phases composited of ZrN and α-ZrNx with a dense glass structure as

r

increases from 12% to 50%. The mechanical properties including hardness, elastic modulus, and adhesion decrease with increasing

r

due to nonstoichiometric compound and glass phase structure of the coatings, while the dense glass structure significantly improves the corrosion inhibition.
Turning Telecommunication Fiber-Optic Cables into Distributed Acoustic Sensors for Vibration-Based Bridge Health Monitoring
Authors: Liu Jingxiao , Yuan Siyuan , Luo Bin , Biondi Biondo , Noh Hae Young
Published: April 2023

We introduce a nondedicated bridge health monitoring (BHM) system that turns pre-existing telecommunication fiber-optic cables into distributed acoustic sensors to collect bridge dynamic strain responses. Due to extensively installed telecommunication fiber cables in the cities, our telecommunication cable-based system enables efficient and low-cost BHM without the requirement of on-site sensor installation and maintenance; however, it is challenging to extract bridge damage-sensitive information (e.g., natural frequencies and mode shapes) from this nondedicated strain data as it has large measurement noise and error propagation. To overcome the challenge, we develop a physics-guided system identification method that models strain mode shapes based on physics-guided parametric mode shape functions derived from bridge dynamics. We then estimate the displacement mode shape function by analytically double-integrating the modeled strain mode shape. Our method improves the accuracy of estimating bridge damage-sensitive features and reduces error propagation by constraining strain and displacement mode shapes with bridge dynamics. We evaluated our system on a concrete continuous three-span bridge in San Jose, California. Our system successfully identified the first three natural frequencies and reconstructed strain and displacement mode shapes in a meter-scale resolution.
A Comparison of Three Common Rehabilitation Interventions Used to Improve Cardiovascular Fitness after Stroke: An Overview of the Literature
Authors: Alatawi Salem F.
Published: April 2023

Background. One of the most frequent consequences of stroke is a reduction in heart function. After a stroke, one of the main aims of physiotherapy practice is to improve cardiovascular fitness (CVF). This paper is aimed at identifying the best effective intervention of improving the cardiovascular fitness (CVF) after stroke while focusing on body weight‐supported treadmill training (BWSTT), over gait training (OGT), and therapeutic exercise. Methods. Different electronic databases were searched until July 2022. Controlled randomized trials examining the effects of BWSTT, OGT, and therapeutic exercise to improve CVF on an ambulatory person with stroke, written in English and reporting cardiovascular fitness or at least one of its indicators, such as peak oxygen consumption (VO2), gait speed, gait energy expenditure, and functional independence measure for locomotion (FIM‐L), were included. The quality of the methodology was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results. The research yielded 3854 relevant studies, of which 22 met the eligibility criteria. The primary indicators of the CVF, VO2 and energy expenditure, were used to examine the CVF in only three studies, while the rest used other indicators of the CVF. There was a lack of sufficient evidence to establish the superiority of one intervention over another. However, it appears that utilizing BWSTT to improve the CVF after stroke is effective. Conclusion. Physiotherapy has the potential to enhance the CVF of stroke patients. However, effective interventions and long‐term effects remain debatable.
Effect of Rosa damascena Extract on Rat Model Alzheimer’s Disease: A Histopathological, Behavioral, Enzyme Activities, and Oxidative Stress Study
Authors: Beigom Hejaziyan Leila , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad , Taravati Ali , Asadi Mohammad , Bakhshi Mahyar , Moshaei Nezhad Pedram , Gol Mohammad , Mououdi Mobina
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the effect of aquatic Rosa damascena extract against the oxidative damage induced by aluminum chloride intoxication in Alzheimer’s model of Wister rats. Rats were divided randomly into seven groups (n = 10). Control group received no treatment, sham group received distilled water orally, aluminum group (AL) was administered AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) orally, extract 1 and 2 groups were treated with only aqueous R. damascena extract (DRE) (500 and 1000 mg/kg), and treatment 1 and 2 groups received aqueous R. damascena extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg) and AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) orally. The brain tissues were sampled for histopathological examination, and biochemical analysis was conducted for estimating the enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase and catalase (CAT), the levels of GSH and MDA, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. According to the results of behavioral tests, AL administration showed a reduction in spatial memory and remarkably increased the time needed for reaching the invisible platform. The administration of Al‐induced oxidative stress and an increase of the enzyme activity of AChE. Al administration increased AChE level from 1.176 ± 0.173 to 3.62 ± 0.348, which was a significant rise. However, treating with the extract at the dose of 1000 mg/kg downregulated it to 1.56 ± 0.303. Administration of the R. damascene extract caused an increased level of catalase and glutathione levels in treatment groups, attenuated MDA level, and regulated AChE activity. Our results illustrate that administration of R. damascene extract has a protective effect against the oxidative damage induced by AlCl3 intoxication in Alzheimer’s model.
Efficiency of Hesperidin against Liver Fibrosis Induced by Bile Duct Ligation in Rats
Authors: Nasehi Zahra , Kheiripour Nejat , Taheri Maryam Akhavan , Ardjmand Abolfazl , Jozi Faezeh , Shahaboddin Mohammad Esmaeil
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Bile duct ligation (BDL) and subsequent cholestasis are associated with oxidative stress and liver injury and fibrosis. Hesperidin (3,5,7‐trihydroxyflavanone 7‐rhamnoglucoside) is a flavanone glycoside abundant in citrus fruits. It has positive effects on diabetic retinopathy, reduced platelet aggregation, and blood flow alterations and has the potential to reduce liver injury in oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of hesperidin on BDL‐induced liver injury in rats. Methods. A total of 48 adult male Wistar rats were equally allocated to six eight‐rat groups, namely, a healthy group, a sham group, a BDL+Vehicle group (BDL plus treatment with distilled water), a BDL+VitC group (BDL plus treatment with vitamin C 4.25 μg/kg), a BDL+Hesp100 group (BDL plus treatment with hesperidin 100 mg/kg/day), and a BDL+Hesp200 group (BDL plus treatment with hesperidin 200 mg/kg/day). Treatments were orally provided for 21 consecutive days. Finally, rats were sacrificed through heart blood sampling. Blood samples were centrifuged, and liver function, oxidative stress, and antioxidant parameters were assessed. Liver tissue was also assessed for oxidative stress, antioxidant, and histological parameters. The expression of inflammatory genes, namely, TGFβ1, iNOS, Caspase‐3, and α‐SMA, was measured through polymerase chain reaction. Findings. Hesperidin supplementation was associated with significant decrease in the levels of liver enzymes, bilirubin, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and inflammatory gene expression; significant increase in the levels of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity; and significant improvement in the histological morphology and structure of the liver parenchyma. Conclusion. Hesperidin has significant positive effects on liver morphology and structure, inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress in rats with BDL‐induced cholestatic liver injury.
Determination of Flowing Electrolyte Parameters in a Zinc-Air Fuel Cell by the Taguchi Method
Authors: Huang K. David , Nguyen Minh-Khoa , Yang Cheng-Jung , Chen Po-Tuan
Published: April 2023

The flowing electrolyte in a zinc-air fuel cell (ZAFC) can reduce the problem of incomplete reaction caused by the concentration gradient of the electrolyte. In this study, we propose a self-developed ZAFC with a flowing electrolyte system and optimize control parameters. The anode of the ZAFC used Zn particles through which the electrolyte penetrates and combined with a negative pressure pump to allow the potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte to have an effective chemical reaction with the Zn particles during the discharge process. However, the flow rate of the electrolyte is required to match other control parameters, such as operating temperature, KOH concentration, and cell size, to effectively improve the efficiency of ZAFC. Therefore, the Taguchi method is adopted to obtain the optimal reaction parameters and the key factors affecting the discharge efficiency of the cell. The best operation condition is the temperature at 50°C, the KOH concentration of 30% wt, and the electrolyte flow rate of 150ml/min; then, the maximum power obtained from the experimental results is 13.8 W, the maximum current density reaches 699.721

 

mA/cm2, and the maximum power density is 395.037 mW/cm2. This paper provides valuable insights for the upgrade of ZAFC for future practical applications.
A Decision-Making Carbon Reinforced Material Selection Model for Composite Polymers in Pipeline Applications
Authors: Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed , Raja S. , Asadi Layth Abdulrasool A. L. , Jamadon Nashrah Hani , Rajeswari N. , Kumar Avvaru Praveen
Published: April 2023

Pipes are manufactured primarily through the extrusion process. One of the material extrusion processes in recent digital manufacturing is additive manufacturing’s fusion deposition modeling. Pipes are made from various materials such as metal and plastic/polymers, and the main challenge has been in selecting the pipe material for the customized application. For the creation of water-passing tubes, this research has chosen appropriate carbon-reinforced polymers that can be used with filament made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). For this goal, the analytical hierarchy process, also known as the AHP, is used to choose the best material based on factors such as cost, temperature resistance, printing speed, and mechanical properties of the material. The results revealed that PEEK-CF is a better material for the customized impeller application than PETG-CF. The PEEK-CF obtains the higher priority value of 0.6363, and the PETG-CF obtains 0.2791. This decision-making technique can be used to select other comparable customized applications.
Real-Time Instance Segmentation Models for Identification of Vehicle Parts
Authors: Aldawsari Abdulmalik , Yusuf Syed Adnan , Souissi Riad , AL-Qurishi Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Automated assessment of car damage is a major challenge in the auto repair and damage assessment industries. The domain has several application areas, ranging from car assessment companies, such as car rentals and body shops, to accidental damage assessment for car insurance companies. In vehicle assessment, the damage can take many forms, from scratches, minor dents, and major dents to missing parts. Often, the assessment area has a significant level of noise, such as dirt, grease, oil, or rush, which makes accurate identification challenging. Moreover, in the repair industry, identifying a particular part is the first step in obtaining an accurate labor and part assessment, where the presence of different car models, shapes, and sizes makes the task even more challenging for a machine-learning model to perform well. To address these challenges, this study explores and applies various instance segmentation methodologies to determine the best-performing models. This study focuses on two genres of real-time instance segmentation models, namely, SipMask and YOLACT, owing to their industrial significance. These methodologies were evaluated against a previously reported car parts dataset (DSMLR) as well as an internally curated dataset extracted from local car repair workshops. The YOLACT-based part localization and segmentation method outperformed other real-time instance mechanisms with an mAP of 66.5. For the workshop repair dataset, SipMask++ reported better accuracy for object detection with a mAP of 57.0, with outcomes for

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.
75

reporting 72.0 and 67.0, respectively, whereas YOLACT was observed to be a better performer for

A

P

s

with 44.0 and 2.6 for object detection and segmentation categories, respectively.
Stevia rebaudiana Methanolic Leaf Extract in Egypt: Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antilipid Peroxidation, Antihemolytic, Antimetastatic, and Anticancer Properties
Authors: Hanna Demiana H. , Osailan Raha , Ahmed Hoda A.
Published: April 2023

The phenolic and flavonoid content of the Stevia rebaudiana hydromethanolic extract (SRHME) was examined, and phytochemical identification using GC-mass spectrometry was achieved. Also, the antioxidant, antihemolytic, and antilipid peroxidation capabilities of the extract were assessed. The extract’s potential to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and reduce metastasis in SKVO3 cells was also checked. The findings of the GC-MS chromatogram demonstrated the existence of bioactive antioxidants and anticancer components in SRHME. Moreover, the extract demonstrated protection against cellular oxidative damage in human erythrocytes by preventing lipid peroxidation and hemolysis. Besides, SRHME demonstrated a selective cytotoxic effect with a strong IC50 value (17.5 µg/ml) on SKVO3 cells without any harmful effects on normal WI-38 cells using the MTT and LDH tests. Additionally, according to assays for wound healing and transwell chamber, the studied extract suppressed the ability of SKOV3 cells from migrating and invading, respectively. Also, the extract-treated SKVO3 cells showed rise in the percentage of apoptotic cells with a prominent comet nucleus, according to apoptotic assays in comparison to untreated cells. Furthermore, a flow cytometry analysis of SRHME-treated SKVO3 cells showed a halt in the S phase and an increase in sub-G1 apoptotic cells (25.44%). Also, the tested extract significantly decreased the levels of ROS in the treated cells, indicating that ROS was involved in the production of SKVO3 apoptosis. Lastly, SRHME strongly impacted the expression levels of proteins related to apoptosis, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and antimetastatic capacity in the treated SKVO3 cells.
Proton Pump Dysfunction and Upregulation of Caspase-3 Activity via Oxidative-Sensitive Signaling Mediate Rohypnol-Induced Testicular Toxicity
Authors: Ajayi A. F. , Oluwole D. T. , Akhigbe R. E. , Hamed M. A. , Ajayi L. O.
Published: April 2023

Rohypnol is a benzodiazepine that is used for its anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and hypnotic properties, but commonly abused. It has been reported to induce sexual dysfunction; however, its effect on testicular integrity and sperm quality is yet to be documented. This study evaluated the impact of Rohypnol on testicular integrity, circulatory testosterone, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality. The likely role of oxidative stress-dependent pathway as well as testicular proton pumps and caspase-3 activity in Rohypnol-induced modulation of male reproductive function was explored. In this study, adult male rats were randomized into six groups of six rats each: the control received 1 ml of distilled water as vehicle, while the low- and high-dose Rohypnol-treated groups received 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg of Rohypnol for four weeks. The control-, low-, and high-dose recovery groups received 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg of Rohypnol for four weeks, respectively, which was followed by a 4-week drug-free recovery period. Rohypnol treatments led to impaired steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and low sperm quality. This was accompanied by a rise in the markers of testicular injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Also, the activities of testicular enzymatic antioxidants and proton pumps were significantly reduced. Although the impacts of low-dose Rohypnol treatment were partially reversible, those of the high-dose Rohypnol treatment were not. Histopathological findings on the testicular tissues were in tandem with the biochemical alterations. Thus, it is safe to infer that Rohypnol induces testicular damage by the suppression of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase and the activation of caspase-3 through an oxidative-sensitive signaling pathway.
Mini Review on Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Zeolite@MOF Composite
Authors: Derbe Tessema , Sani Taju , Amare Enyew , Girma Teketel
Published: April 2023

Zeolite@MOF composite is a bifunctional composite formed from thermal and structural stable inorganic zeolite and high tunable surface area and structural flexible MOF. The parent material “MOF” has a higher surface area and structural elasticity than zeolite. Nevertheless, MOF is more structurally and mechanically unstable than zeolite. Thus, compositing of structural stable zeolite with tunable porous MOF has enhanced the applications of Zeolite@MOFcomposite over its parent materials. The Zeolite@MOF composite was synthesized through the hydrothermal method, the solvothermal method, the refluxing method, and the microwave-assisted method. The synthesized Zeolite@MOF composite also further modified via postsynthesis or presynthesis modification method to bring them extra functionality. Recently, researchers have synthesized Zeolite@MOF composite using hydrothermal method for zeolite crystallization and then solvothermal growth of MOF over presynthesized zeolite surface to reduce competitions between zeolite and MOF precursors through nucleation and crystal formation. The structure of Zeolite@MOF composite, such as morphology, microstructure, functional group, particle size, elemental composition, and weight loss was also analysed using SEM, TEM, FTIR, X-RD, EDX, and TAG, respectively. After exploring the characterization techniques of Zeolite@MOF composite, a performance application of Zeolite@MOF was also reviewed. Zeolite@MOF is used for the degradation of organic dyes (methyl blue and methyl orange) from wastewater; zeolite@MOF is also used as a catalyst in the synthesis of organic compounds. Zeolite@MOF composites showed higher catalytic activity, high selectivity, and high product yield than the corresponding zeolite and MOF parent materials. Hence, the compositing of zeolite and MOF is promising to overcome the individual limitations of zeolite and MOF. Zeolite@MOF composite has a synergic performance advantage over its parent materials.
Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Progression by Erchen Decoction
Authors: Liao Linghong , Zhang Fei , Zhuo Zewei , Huang Chengbao , Zhang Xiaofang , Liu Ruifang , Gao Bizhen , Ding Shanshan
Published: April 2023

Erchen decoction (ECD) is a traditional Chinese prescription widely used in the treatment of various diseases such as obesity, fatty liver, diabetes, and hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effect of ECD on fatty acid metabolism in a colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model fed a high‐fat (HF) diet. The HF‐CRC mouse model was established by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) combined with a high‐fat diet. Mice were then gavaged with ECD. Change in the body weight was recorded every two weeks for 26 weeks. Changes in blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Colorectal tissues were collected to observe changes in colorectal length and tumorigenesis. Hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe changes in intestinal structure and inflammatory markers. Fatty acids and the expression of related genes in colorectal tissues were also studied. ECD gavage inhibited HF‐induced weight gain. CRC induction and HF diet intake resulted in increased GLU, TC, TG, and CRP, where ECD gavage reduced these elevated indicators. ECD gavage also increased colorectal length and inhibited tumorigenesis. HE staining revealed that ECD gavage suppressed inflammatory infiltration of colorectal tissues. ECD gavage suppressed the fatty acid metabolism abnormalities caused by HF‐CRC in colorectal tissues. Consistently, ECD gavage lowered ACSL4, ACSL1, CPT1A, and FASN levels in colorectal tissues. Conclusions. ECD inhibited HF‐CRC progression through the regulation of fatty acid metabolism.
Risk Factors for Granulocytopenia in Patients with Graves’ Disease Receiving Antithyroid Drugs
Authors: Li Jiaxi , Zhang Xiaowen , Li Lintong , Zhu Qiaoling , Ge Weihong , Ji Cheng
Published: April 2023

Objective. To study the risk factors for granulocytopenia caused by antithyroid drugs. Methods. Patients who were diagnosed with Graves’ hyperthyroidism and regularly treated with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) from January 2010 to July 2022 at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, aged >18 years, were selected for general information and laboratory tests and divided into two groups according to the occurrence of granulocytopenia. Independent risk factors for the development of granulocytopenia in patients treated with ATDs were analyzed using one-way and multiway logistic regression analyses, and the predictive value of each index was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). Results. A total of 818 patients were enrolled, of which 95 developed granulocytopenia. Univariate analysis revealed that sex, white blood cell (WBC) counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) before medication were risk factors for ATD-induced granulocytopenia (

P
<
0.05

). The abovementioned indicators were taken as independent variables, and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, higher ALT levels before medication, and lower NLR and WBC levels were independent risk factors for granulocytopenia using ATDs (

P
<
0.05

). ROC curve analysis showed that sex, NLR, ALT, and WBC count had significant predictive values (

P
<
0.05

), and NLR and WBC count had higher predictive values (AUC = 0.916 and 0.700, respectively). Conclusion. Sex, NLR, ALT, and WBC were the main risk factors for granulocytopenia in patients with ATD.
Supplementary Tables 1 from A Phase II Trial of Guadecitabine plus Atezolizumab in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Progressing after Initial Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Jang H. Josh , Hostetter Galen , Macfarlane Alexander W. , Madaj Zachary , Ross Eric A. , Hinoue Toshinori , Kulchycki Justin R. , Burgos Ryan S. , Tafseer Mahvish , Alpaugh R. Katherine , Schwebel Candice L. , Kokate Rutika , Geynisman Daniel M. , Zibelman Matthew R. , Ghatalia Pooja , Nichols Peter W. , Chung Woonbok , Madzo Jozef , Hahn Noah M. , Quinn David I. , Issa Jean-Pierre J. , Topper Michael J. , Baylin Stephen B. , Shen Hui , Campbell Kerry S. , Jones Peter A. , Plimack Elizabeth R.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary TablesSupplementary Table 1: Patient and tumor sample informationSupplementary Table 2: Tumor mutation burdenSupplementary Table 3: Unfiltered whole exome sequencing mutation analysisSupplementary Table 4: Filtered whole exome sequencing mutation analysisSupplementary Table 5: Immunohistochemistry scores of tumorsSupplementary Table 6: FACS panel for PBMC analysisSupplementary Table 7: Geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI) from PBMC FACSSupplementary Table 8: Representativeness of Study Participants
Figure S1 from Preclinical Efficacy of the Antibody–Drug Conjugate CLDN6–23-ADC for the Treatment of CLDN6-Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: McDermott Martina S.J. , O'Brien Neil A. , Hoffstrom Benjamin , Gong KeWei , Lu Ming , Zhang Jun , Luo Tong , Liang Min , Jia Weiping , Hong Jenny J. , Chau Kevin , Davenport Simon , Xie Bin , Press Michael F. , Panayiotou Richard , Handly-Santana Abram , Brugge Joan S. , Presta Leonard , Glaspy John , Slamon Dennis J.
Published: April 2023

Supplemental Figure S1: Expression of CLDN6 by transcript in the GTEX dataset of normal tissue samples.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Increased Nerve Density Adversely Affects Outcome in Oral Cancer
Authors: Perez-Pacheco Cindy , Schmitd Ligia B. , Furgal Allison , Bellile Emily L. , Liu Min , Fattah Aya , Gonzalez-Maldonado Laura , Unsworth Shelby P. , Wong Sunny Y. , Rozek Laura S. , Rao Arvind , Wolf Gregory T. , Taylor Jeremy M.G. , Casper Keith , Mierzwa Michelle , D'Silva Nisha J.
Published: April 2023

This figure shows nerve density measurements by area of nerves by tumor location. And, also the association of NND with DDS in floor-of-mouth and gingiva tumors