bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economía del comportamiento, políticas conductuales y nudges
Authors: Miller Luis
Published: March 2021

Las políticas conductuales, en general, y los nudges, en particular, forman parte de la caja de herramientas que nos permite mejorar el diseño y la aplicación de políticas basadas en la evidencia. Las propuestas de las nuevas ciencias del comportamiento son un complemento de las más tradicionales basadas en incentivos. En este artículo discuto tres ámbitos de aplicación de las políticas conductuales, así como su relación con intervenciones más clásicas, en situaciones que incorporan un nivel de complejidad creciente. Primero, me detendré en situaciones donde nos enfrentamos a problemas de decisión individual. Segundo, en situaciones que tienen en cuenta a otras personas. Por último, abordaré situaciones donde existe interacción social entre personas.
Quantum computer with dipole-dipole interacting two-level systems
Authors: Petrosyan D. , Kurizki G.
Published: March 2021

A scalable, high-performance quantum processor can be implemented using near-resonant dipole-dipole interacting dopants in a transparent solid state host. In this scheme, the qubits are represented by ground and subradiant states of effective dimers formed by pairs of closely spaced two-level systems, while the two-qubit entanglement either relies on the coherent excitation exchange between the dimers or is mediated by external laser fields.
A new algorithm for producing quantum circuits using KAK decompositions
Authors: Nakajima M.Y. , Kawano Y. , Sekigawa H.
Published: March 2021

We provide a new algorithm that translates a unitary matrix into a quantum circuit according to the G=KAK theorem in Lie group theory. With our algorithm, any matrix decomposition corresponding to type-AIII KAK decompositions can be derived according to the given Cartan involution. Our algorithm contains, as its special cases, Cosine-Sine decomposition (CSD) and Khaneja-Glaser decomposition (KGD) in the sense that it derives the same quantum circuits as the ones obtained by them if we select suitable Cartan involutions and square root matrices. The selections of Cartan involutions for computing CSD and KGD will be shown explicitly. As an example, we show explicitly that our method can automatically reproduce the well-known efficient quantum circuit for the $n$-qubit quantum Fourier transform.
Quantum entanglement measure based on wedge product
Authors: Heydari H.
Published: March 2021

We construct an entanglement measure that coincides with the generalized concurrence for a general pure bipartite state based on wedge product. Moreover, we construct an entanglement measure for pure multi-qubit states, which are entanglement monotones. Furthermore, we generalize our result on a general pure multipartite state.
A geometric approach to quantum circuit lower bounds
Authors: Nielsen M.A.
Published: March 2021

What is the minimal size quantum circuit required to exactly implement a specified n-qubit unitary operation, U, without the use of ancilla qubits? We show that a lower bound on the minimal size is provided by the length of the minimal geodesic between U and the identity, I, where length is defined by a suitable Finsler metric on the manifold SU(2^n). The geodesic curves on these manifolds have the striking property that once an initial position and velocity are set, the remainder of the geodesic is completely determined by a second order differential equation known as the geodesic equation. This is in contrast with the usual case in circuit design, either classical or quantum, where being given part of an optimal circuit does not obviously assist in the design of the rest of the circuit. Geodesic analysis thus offers a potentially powerful approach to the problem of proving quantum circuit lower bounds. In this paper we construct several Finsler metrics whose minimal length geodesics provide lower bounds on quantum circuit size. For each Finsler metric we give a procedure to compute the corresponding geodesic equation. We also construct a large class of solutions to the geodesic equation, which we call \emph{Pauli geodesics}, since they arise from isometries generated by the Pauli group. For any unitary U diagonal in the computational basis, we show that: (a) provided the minimal length geodesic is unique, it must be a Pauli geodesic; (b) finding the length of the minimal Pauli geodesic passing from I to U is equivalent to solving an exponential size instance of the closest vector in a lattice problem (CVP); and (c) all but a doubly exponentially small fraction of such unitaries have minimal Pauli geodesics of exponential length.
Operator quantum error correction
Authors: Kribs D.W. , Laflamme R. , Poulin D. , Lesosky M.
Published: March 2021

This paper is an expanded and more detailed version of the work \cite{KLP04} in which the Operator Quantum Error Correction formalism was introduced. This is a new scheme for the error correction of quantum operations that incorporates the known techniques --- i.e. the standard error correction model, the method of decoherence-free subspaces, and the noiseless subsystem method --- as special cases, and relies on a generalized mathematical framework for noiseless subsystems that applies to arbitrary quantum operations. We also discuss a number of examples and introduce the notion of "unitarily noiseless subsystems''.
Efficient circuits for exact-universal computation with qudits
Authors: Brennen G.K. , Bullock S.S. , O'Leary D.P.
Published: March 2021

This paper concerns the efficient implementation of quantum circuits for qudits. We show that controlled two-qudit gates can be implemented without ancillas and prove that the gate library containing arbitrary local unitaries and one two-qudit gate, $\CINC$, is exact-universal. A recent paper [S.Bullock, D.O'Leary, and G.K. Brennen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 230502 (2005)] describes quantum circuits for qudits which require O(d^n) two-qudit gates for state synthesis and O(d^{2n}) two-qudit gates for unitary synthesis, matching the respective lower bound complexities. In this work, we present the state-synthesis circuit in much greater detail and prove that it is correct. Also, the (n-2)/(d-2) ancillas required in the original algorithm may be removed without changing the asymptotics. Further, we present a new algorithm for unitary synthesis, inspired by the QR matrix decomposition, which is also asymptotically optimal.
Near-perfect simultaneous measurement of a qubit register
Authors: Acton M. , Brickman K.-A. , Haljan P.C. , Lee P.J. , Deslauriers L. , Monroe C.
Published: March 2021

Simultaneous measurement of multiple qubits stored in hyperfine levels of trapped ^{111}Cd^+ ions is realized with an intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) imager. A general theory of fluorescence detection for hyperfine qubits is presented and applied to experimental data. The use of an imager for photon detection allows for multiple qubit state measurement with detection fidelities of greater than $98\%$. Improvements in readout speed and fidelity are discussed in the context of scalable quantum computation architectures.
Quantum advantage without entanglement
Authors: Kenigsberg D. , Mor A. , Ratsaby G.
Published: March 2021

We study the advantage of pure-state quantum computation without entanglement over classical computation. For the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm we present the \emph{maximal} subproblem that can be solved without entanglement, and show that the algorithm still has an advantage over the classical ones. We further show that this subproblem is of greater significance, by proving that it contains all the Boolean functions whose quantum phase-oracle is non-entangling. For Simon's and Grover's algorithms we provide simple proofs that no non-trivial subproblems can be solved by these algorithms without entanglement.
Robustness of Shor's algorithm
Authors: Devitt S.J. , Fowler A.G. , Hollenberg L.C.L.
Published: March 2021

Shor's factorisation algorithm is a combination of classical pre- and post-processing and a quantum period finding (QPF) subroutine which allows an exponential speed up over classical factoring algorithms. We consider the stability of this subroutine when exposed to a discrete error model that acts to perturb the computational trajectory of a quantum computer. Through detailed state vector simulations of an appropriate quantum circuit, we show that the error locations within the circuit itself heavily influences the probability of success of the QPF subroutine. The results also indicate that the naive estimate of required component precision is too conservative.
Synergistic Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Replication using Disulfiram/Ebselen and Remdesivir
Authors: Chen Ting , Fei Cheng-Yin , Chen Yi-Ping , Sargsyan Karen , Chang Chun Ping , Yuan Hanna S. , Lim Carmay
Published: March 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription complex (RTC) comprising nonstructural protein (nsp) 2-16 plays crucial roles in viral replication, reducing the efficacy of broad-spectrum nucleoside analog drugs such as remdesivir and in evading innate immune responses. Most studies target a specific viral component of the RTC such as the main protease or the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In contrast, our strategy is to target multiple conserved domains of the RTC to prevent SARS-CoV-2 genome replication and to create a high barrier to viral resistance and/or evasion of antiviral drugs. We show that clinically-safe Zn-ejector drugs, disulfiram/ebselen, can target conserved Zn2+-sites in SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 and nsp14 and inhibit nsp13 ATPase and nsp14 exoribonuclease activities. As the SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 domain targeted by disulfiram/ebselen is involved in RNA fidelity control, our strategy allows coupling of the Zn-ejector drug with a broad-spectrum nucleoside analog that would otherwise be excised by the nsp14 proofreading domain. As proof-of-concept, we show that disulfiram/ebselen, when combined with remdesivir, can synergistically inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells. We present a mechanism of action and the advantages of our multi-targeting strategy, which can be applied to any type of coronavirus with conserved Zn2+-sites.
The Temperature Dependence of Fundamental Photophysical Properties of [Eu(MeOH-d4)9]3+ Solvates and [Eu.DOTA(MeOH-d4)]- Complexes
Authors: Kofod Nicolaj , Nielsen Lea Gundorff , Sørensen Thomas Just
Published: March 2021

The trivalent lanthanide ions show optical transitions between energy levels within the 4f shell. All these transitions are formally forbidden according to the quantum mechanical selection rules used in molecular photophysics. Nevertheless, highly luminescent complexes can be achieved, and terbium(iii) and europium(iii) ions are particularly efficient emitters. This report started when an apparent lack of data in the literature led us to revisit the fundamental photophysics of europium(iii). The photophysical properties of two complexes – [Eu.DOTA(MeOH-d4)]- and [Eu(MeOH-d4)9]3+ – were investigated in deuterated methanol at five different temperatures. Absorption spectra showed decreased absorption cross sections as the temperature was increased. Luminescence spectra and time-resolved emission decay profiles showed a decrease in intensity and lifetime as a temperature was increased. Having corrected the emission spectra for the actual number of absorbed photons and differences in non-radiative pathways, the relative emission probability was revealed. These were found to increase with increasing temperature. The transition probability for luminescence was shown to increase with temperature, while the transition probability for light absorption decreased. The changes in transition probabilities were correlated to a change in the symmetry of the absorber or emitter, with an average increase in symmetry lowering absorption cross section and access to more asymmetric structures increasing the emission rate constant. Determining luminescence quantum yields and the Einstein coefficient for spontaneous emission allowed us to conclude that lowering symmetry increases both. Further, it was found that collisional self-quenching is an issue for lanthanide luminescence, when high concentrations are used. Finally, detailed analysis revealed results that show the so-called ‘Werts’ method’ for calculating radiative lifetimes and intrinsic quantum yields are based on assumption that does not hold for the two systems investigated here. We conclude that we are lacking a good theoretical description of the intraconfigurational f-f transition, and that there are still aspects of fundamental lanthanide photophysics to be explored.
Hydroxychloroquine Immediate Release Tablets: Formulation and Evaluation of a Solid Dosage Form
Authors: Einfalt Tomaz , Detampel Pascal , Häussinger Daniel , Casper Jens , R. Meier Christoph , Puchkov Maxim , Huwyler Jörg
Published: March 2021

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a quinoline derivate used for the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid disorders. During early phases of the SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic, preliminary and later not substantiated reports suggested that HCQ might benefit COVID-19 patients. This had sparked a worldwide and rapidly rising demand for HCQ drug products. Consequently, patients with pre-existing rheumatic diseases in Switzerland were confronted with an acute drug shortage.

We have therefore designed, produced and characterized a generic HCQ drug formulation. The proposed HCQ formulation can be manufactured by using a minimal number of operation steps (mixing, wet granulation, sieving, blending, compression) and readily available pharmaceutical excipients.

HCQ tablets were manufactured by granulation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), blending with the external phase and compaction using a non instrumented single punch tablet press. Analytics and identification of the API was performed by a combination of NMR, ESI-MS, FTIR and HPLC. HCQ tablets met the quality criteria for an immediate release HCQ dosage form.

We hope that free access to non-proprietary protocols covering analytical procedures, formulation design, and manufacturing instructions for HCQ tablets will help to bridge existing and future supply chain gaps.
Limited Accessibility to Surface Area Generated by Thermal Pretreatment of Electrodes Reduces Its Impact on Redox Flow Battery Performance
Authors: Greco Katharine , Bonesteel Jude , Chanut Nicolas , Wan Charles , Chiang Yet- Ming , Brushett Fikile
Published: March 2021

Thermal oxidation of carbon electrodes is a common approach to improving flow battery performance. Here, we investigate how thermal pretreatment increases electrode surface area and the effect this added surface area has on electrode performance. Specifically, we rigorously analyze the surface area of Freudenberg H23 carbon paper electrodes, a binder-free model material, by systematically varying pretreatment temperature (400, 450, and 500 °C) and time (0 to 24 h) and evaluating changes in the physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties of the electrodes. We compare physical surface area, measured by a combination of gas adsorption techniques, to surface area measured via electrochemical double layer capacitance. We find good agreement between the two at shorter treatment times (0-3 h); however, at longer treatment times (6-24 h), the surface area measured electrochemically is an underestimate of the physical surface area. Further, we use gas adsorption to measure a pore size distribution and find that the majority of pores are in the micropore range (< 2 nm), and ca. 60% of the added surface area are in the sub-nanometer (< 1 nm) pore size range. We postulate that the solvated radii and imperfect wetting of electrochemical species may hinder active species transport into these recessed regions, explaining the discrepancy between electrochemical and physical surface area. These results are supported with in situ flow cell testing, where single-electrolyte polarization measurements show little improvement with increasing surface area. Further, using a simple convection-reaction model to simulate electrode overpotential as a function of surface area, we find that increasing surface area improves the performance to a point, but the mass transport to and the catalytic activity of the reaction sites offer greater comparative impact. Ultimately, this work aims to inform the design of electrodes that offer maximal accessible surface area to redox species.
Analytic Gradients for Complete and Restricted Active Space Second-order Perturbation Theory within the Diagonal Approximation
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshio
Published: March 2021

The computational cost of analytic derivatives in multireference perturbation theory is strongly affected by the size of the active space employed in the reference self-consistent field calculation. To overcome previous limits on active space size, the analytic gradients of single-state complete and restricted active space second-order perturbation theory within the diagonal approximation (CASPT2-D and RASPT2-D) have been developed and implemented in a local version of OpenMolcas. Similar to previous implementations of CASPT2, the RASPT2 implementation employs the Lagrangian or Z-vector method.

The numerical results show that restricted active spaces with up to 20 electrons in 20 orbitals can now be employed for geometry optimizations.
BIỂU HIỆN GEN NAT05 MÃ HÓA NATTOKINASE TRONG BACILLUS SUBTILIS BD170
Authors: Thư Nguyễn Thị Anh , Trang Hồ Thị
Published: March 2021

Nattokinase, một serine protease có trong sản phẩm Natto truyền thống của Nhật Bản, có khả năng làm tan đặc hiệu các sợi fibrin gây đông máu và rất có ích trong việc phân hủy huyết khối nội sinh ở người. Nattokinase hiện nay được sản xuất bằng phương pháp lên men lẫn công nghệ DNA tái tổ hợp. Trong nghiên cứu này chúng tôi trình bày việc tối ưu hóa thời gian cảm ứng và nồng độ chất cảm ứng IPTG của gen nat05 mã hóa nattokinase trong Bacillus subtilis BD170 với hoạt tính protease mạnh. Tại thời điểm 10 giờ, nat05 biểu hiện nattokinase mạnh gấp 9,5 lần so với đối chứng. Ở nồng độ IPTG 2 mM, nat05 sinh hàm lượng nattokinase mạnh nhất (gấp 10 lần so với đối chứng).
How Does the Interest Rate Influence the Exchange Rate?
Authors: Hashchyshyn Adam , Marushchak Kateryna , Sukhomlyn Oleksandr , Tarasenko Andrii
Published: March 2021

Understanding the effect of increasing the key policy rate on the exchange rate of the national currency remains one of the most critical issues for central banks. The goal of this study is to infer about the signs and the magnitude of this impact using existing studies conducted for 30 countries and aggregating estimates applying the meta-analysis procedure. Results indicate that the short-term impact of interest rate changes on the exchange rate is positive and statistically significant, although the economic significance is weak, while the longterm relationship is found to be insignificant. The analyzed studies do not reveal any evidence of publication bias, which contributes to the validity of empirical findings. The received results conclude that there might be a short-term appreciation of the hryvnia in response to an increase in the key policy rate in Ukraine.
The Missing “Cycle” Part and Other Thoughts on the Global Financial Cycle
Authors: Bondarenko Olga
Published: March 2021

The paper studies co-movement in capital flows, which gives rise to a phenomenon dubbed the global financial cycle. It first estimates a global common factor in capital flows using a factor model and draws inferences of its quantitative importance. Then the paper studies the cyclical properties of the extracted factor and concludes that, in general, its importance for capital flows is relatively limited. This may suggest that the Mundell-Fleming trilemma (as opposed to dilemma) still describes the trade-off faced by policymakers, and domestic policies play the primary role in maintaining macroeconomic stability.
Design procedure and honeycomb screen implementation to the air transtport department’s subsonic wind tunnel
Authors:   University of Zilina, Hrúz Michal , Pecho Pavol , Bugaj Martin
Published: March 2021

Wind tunnels are the most widely used tools when comes to validation of Reynold number. Most of wind tunnels use various air straighteners or flow conditioners to achieve as most unified air flow as it’s possible. This article deals with design and creation procedure of air flow straightener – honeycomb screen. Based on mathematical relations and empirical experience defines dimensions and characteristics for subsonic wind tunnel of the Air Transport Department of University of Žilina. Wind tunnel equipped with a suitable screen provides more relevant and accurate data, which are crucial for final validation of results of test objects.
Novel Photosynthesis of 5,8a-dichloro-2-(4- Methoxyphenyl)-8ah-chromene from Its Chalcone Isomer And Ft-ir, 1 H And 13 C Nmr Spectroscopic Investigation
Authors: A. Yousif Abdullah , F. Fadhil Ghazwan
Published: March 2021

In the presence of alcoholic alkali, the base-catalyzed aldol condensation of equimolar quantities of substituted acetophenones and aldehydes to give good yields of condensation product. This reaction is known as the Claisen-Schmidt condensation. The Trans-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop- 2-en-1-one (trans 2,6-methoxy chalcone) was synthesised by Clasien Schmidt reaction, then it exposed to the Xenon lamp to prepare the 5,8a-dichloro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8aH-chromene (2,6-methoxy chromene). A number of techniques were used to characterise the mentioned two products such as, thin layer chromatography, FT-IR, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and elemental analysis (CHNO).
Neural Spike Sorting And Classification
Authors: H. Berjis Zaid , K. Al-sulaifanie Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Spike sorting is the process of separating the extracellular recording of the brain signal into one unit activity. There are a number of proposed algorithms for this purpose, but there is still no acceptable solution. In this paper a spike sorting method has been proposed based on the Euclidean distance of the most effective features of spikes represented by principle components (PCs) of the detected and aligned spikes. The assessments of the method, based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) representing background noise, showed that the method performed spike sorting to a high level of accuracy.
Optimization technique for stenting of ostial vertebral artery stenosis
Authors: Cherednychenko Yu.V. , Miroshnychenko A.Yu. , Zorin M.O. , Dzyak L.A. , Tsurkalenko O.S.
Published: March 2021

Objective ‒ to develop a technique for endovascular treatment of symptomatic ostial stenosis of the vertebral arteries, which allows to minimize risks of delayed stent breakage and restenosis. Materials and methods. This is analysis of prospectively collected data from patients presenting from 2016 to 2019 in the endovascular center of the Dnepropetrovsk Regional Clinical Hospital named after I.I. Mechnikov. One hundred four stents were placed in 99 patients using the author’s complex method, which is based on our modification of Szabo technique. The principles of the method were developed based on a literature review and in vitro tests using 7 silicone models of the initial segments of the subclavian and vertebral arteries with different angles of divergence of the vertebral arteries (30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 135, 150°) and 9 balloon mounted drug-eluting stents with open-cell design Resolute (Medtronic).Results. There were no cases of displacement of the stent proximally or distally during implantation. In all cases, stents were implanted in the affected segment exactly and did not prolapse more than 1 mm beyond the ostium of the vertebral artery into the subclavian artery. There were no «clinical» ischemic complications in the early postoperative period. In 5 cases, isolated subclinical ischemic lessions in the carotid circulation were revealed during one-session stenting of ostial stenosis of the vertebral arteries and carotid stenting. In the posterior circulation, ischemic lessions on MRI in the early postoperative period were not detected in any observations.Conclusions. Developed complex stenting method based on our modification of Szabo technique allows us to achieve optimal long-term results of stenting of symptomatic ostial stenosis of the vertebral arteries.
Assisted dying in the Aotearoa New Zealand media: a critical discourse analysis
Authors: Booth Amanda , Blake Denise
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Mathematics Teachers’ Pedagogy through Technology: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Aliyu Jaafaru , Osman Sharifah , Daud Mohd Fadzil , Kumar Jeya Amantha
Published: March 2021

Mathematics teachers’ pedagogy (MTP) is an integral part of classroom instructional mediation through technology or manipulatives. This article describes a logical literature analysis for the MTP and technology with GeoGebra (GG). The findings reveal the intervention impact of MTP with GG and other technologies such as matrix laboratory (MATLAB); an interactive whiteboard (IWB) and computer algebra system (CAS); wxMaxima, which is a CAS; information and communication technologies (ICT); concrete materials as well as other resources in developing students’ performances in mathematics which were generally effective too. The systematic literature review (SLR) explored findings from current research between January 2011 and October 2020. Quality assessment screening of the papers was done and alongside further elimination of repeated documents from the analysis, twenty-eight publications met the refinement and inclusion/exclusion criteria out of 110 papers. The modified preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) outline exemplifies the literature review accordingly. The authors observed, accomplished, and discussed the significance of the SLR. This was followed by the constraints, upcoming directions for MTP with technology and GG, and the MTP consequences for education and research.
Ensinando potenciação e radiciação através da resolução de problemas: uma metodologia ativa na sala de aula
Authors: Melo Marcela Camila Picin de , Justulin Andresa Maria
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo são apresentados resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou evidenciar contribuições da Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas, uma metodologia ativa, reveladas na resolução de problemas de potenciação e radiciação cúbicas por alunos do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os aportes teóricos da pesquisa foram a resolução de problemas em seus aspectos históricos; a utilização da resolução de problemas em sala de aula segundo os documentos oficiais; a Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas como direcionamento para a criação e implementação dos problemas e  as metodologias ativas como estratégias de ensino, em que o aluno torna-se protagonista no processo de ensino e aprendizagem convergindo com a metodologia de ensino adotada. Analisou-se dois problemas resolvidos por uma turma de 7° ano do Ensino Fundamental, de um colégio particular do norte do Paraná. Por meio de uma análise qualitativa, inspirada na Análise de Conteúdo evidenciou-se que ao resolverem os problemas verificou-se a utilização de diferentes estratégias; os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos foram resgatados; os alunos e o professor assumiram novos papéis e, consequentemente, a aula de Matemática se tornou nova.
Efektivitas gel ekstrak etanol daun senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don.) terhadap diameter luka pasca pencabutan gigi pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Halim Sussana , Halim Hariyanto , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich , Sihotang Saipul , Nasution Ali Napiah , Girsang Ermi
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKDaun senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don.) mengandung flavonoid, triterpenoid, tanin, saponin, steroid, glikosida, dan fenolik yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan bersifat antifungi, antivirus dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak daun senggani (M. candidum D. Don.) yang memberikan efektivitas terbaik terhadap penyembuhan luka pasca pencabutan gigi pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Hasil ekstraksi daun senggani diformulasikan dalam bentuk salep dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, 5%, dan 10%. Hasil data rata-rata persentase kesembuhan luka yang terlihat dari diameter luka diuji secara statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 23. Hasil analisis pada hari ke-5 menunjukkan salep ekstrak etanol daun senggani (M. candidum D. Don.) konsentrasi 10% memiliki efektivitas penyembuhan luka yaitu sekitar 2,96 mm (p>0,05). Hasil skrining fitokimia daun senggani menunjukkan adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti tanin, saponin, flavonoid, streroid/triterpene, dan glikosida. Kata kunci: ekstrak; gel; luka gigi; Melastoma candidum D. Don.  ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don.) leaves ethanolic gel extract on wound diameter after tooth extraction in Rattus norvegicus.Senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don.) contains flavonoid, triterpenoid, tanin, saponin, steroid, glicoside, and phenolic compound which use as antioxidant, antiinflamation, antifungus, antivirus, and antibacteria. This study aims to determine the concentration of senggani (M. candidum D. Don.) leaves extract which gives the best effectiveness on wound healing after tooth extraction in Rattus norvegicus. The results of senggani (M. candidum D. Don.) leaves extraction was formulated in the form of ointments with concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%. The results of the average data on the percentage of wound healing visible from the diameter of the wound were statistically tested using SPSS version 23. The results of the analysis on the day 5 showed the ointment of 10% ethanolic extract of senggani (M. candidum D. Don.) leaves  had an effective wound healing of about 2.96 mm (p> 0.05). Furthermore, the results of phytochemical screening are secondary metabolites such as tanins, saponins, flavonoids, streroids/triterpene and glycosides. Keywords: extract; gel; tooth wounds; Melastoma candidum D. Don.
LANGUAGE COMPETITION AND LANGUAGE CONFLICTS IN THE REPUBLICS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH THE FINNO-UGRIC POPULATION
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History FIC Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shabaev Yuri P. ,   Institute of Humanities of Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin
Published: March 2021

On the basis of the analysis of official documents, statistical materials, data from sociological studies, the article assesses the processes of ethnocultural and ethnopolitical development in republics with Finno-Ugric populations. The main source of information for the work has been series of surveys conducted in 2017–2019. The purpose of the article is the analysis of language policy in these republics. It is shown that republican models of ethnopolitics are not based on the principles of law and on the common interests of republican communities. Such a practice inevitably generates conflicts, including these in the linguistic sphere. Meanwhile, need of a policy of civic integration and of more effective educational practices has been formed in the republican communities.
Presença do enfoque ciência, tecnologia e sociedade nos livros didáticos de ciências do triênio 2017-2019, nos anos finais do ensino fundamental em Ouro Branco – MG
Authors: Penha Pedro Xavier da , Maciel Maria Delourdes
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma análise dos livros didáticos de Ciências dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental dos volumes dos livros-textos da coleção Projeto Teláris de Ciências do triênio 2017-2019. As obras são indicadas pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) e utilizadas nas escolas públicas do município de Ouro Branco-MG. O objetivo foi identificar a presença de elementos do enfoque Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), especificamente das dimensões das Questões Sociocientíficas (QSC) e da Alfabetização e Letramento Científico (A&LC) nos quatros volumes dos livros didáticos de Ciências (LDC) do estudante. A pesquisa se justifica pela importância dos livros didáticos no Ensino de Ciências. Soma-se a isso a produção e distribuição desse recurso pedagógico em todo território nacional. O estudo caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa documental, em que se adotou a abordagem qualitativa. Verificou-se que os livros didáticos de Ciências (LDC) apresentam elementos das categorias CTS pesquisadas. Os resultados demonstram que a coleção de livros didáticos de Ciências analisada apresenta elementos das dimensões das Questões Sociocientíficas e destacam-se as categorias Saúde (C5) e Meio Ambiente (C6) totalizando 90,38% de evidências nas obras. Para a dimensão Alfabetização e Letramento Científico, as categorias Problematização C1(39,15%), Interdisciplinaridade C2 (22,17%) e Formação Critica e Cidadania C3 (8,96%) são destacadas. Percebeu-se, então, que as obras analisadas contemplam elementos os pressupostos do enfoque CTS pesquisados.
Palavras-chave: Enfoque ciência. Tecnologia e sociedade (CTS). Livro didático de ciências. Questões sociocientíficas (QSC). Alfabetização ao Científico. Ensino de ciências.
 
Presence of the science, technology and society approach in the sciences science books of the 2017-2019 triennium, in the final years of fundamental education in Ouro Branco - MG
Abstract
Keywords: Keywords: Focus on science. Technology and society (CTS). Science textbook. Socio-scientific issues (QSC). Literacy to Scientific. Science teaching.
Representaciones mediáticas de Mahoma: Nuevos retos para los estudios de comunicación internacional
Authors: Castelli i Talens Antoni
Published: March 2021

Los cambios en la política internacional desde el final de la Guerra Fría han obligado a los estudios de comunicación internacional a una autorevisión permanente. Los actores internacionales se han vuelto difusos y el más reciente terror político resulta difícil de entender desde América Latina, por su impacto mediático sin precedentes pero también por sus atentados contra objetivos culturales (publicaciones satíricas, periodistas, museos, universidades). La docencia de comunicación afronta ahora nuevos retos. Por un lado debe actualizarse y encontrar maneras innovadoras de explicar temas de la Guerra Fría que siguen vigentes pero que se han transformado y por el otro debe explicar un panorama con nuevos actores, nuevos usos de las tecnologías y nuevos problemas comunicacionales. Este artículo propone abordar la docencia de la comunicación internacional estudiando las consecuencias dramáticas de las representaciones de Mahoma en el periódico danés Jyllands-Posten, en el video de YouTube Innocence of Muslims y en el semanario satírico francés Charlie Hebdo. Para ello, sugiere centrarse en cuatro temas cruciales para la disciplina: el modelo de responsabilidad social de los medios, el flujo de la información y la comunicación, la censura y las intervenciones gubernamentales y la influencia política y comunicacional de las nuevas tecnologías.
The Effect of Cherry Leaves Extract (Muntingia calabura) on Growth Performance of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Uyun Shurathil , Damayanti Ayu Adhita , Azhar Fariq
Published: March 2021

Cherry leaf is a natural ingredient that can be used as a feed additive because it contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpene and polyphenols which are antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of giving cherry leaf extract on the growth of vaname shrimp. A total of 20 vannamei shrimp in the PL-20 phase measuring ÃÂ± 0.1g / head are kept in a 40 liter container. The method used in this study was an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely P1: feeding without cherry leaf extract (control), P2: feeding with the addition of 1% cherry leaf extract, P3: feeding with the addition of 2% cherry leaf extract and P4: feeding with the addition of 3% cherry leaf extract. The data obtained were analyzed by ANNOVA test with a confidence level of 95% and Duncan's continued test. The results of this study indicate that the addition of cherry leaf extract can affect the growth of vaname shrimp, but has no effect on the FCR value and survival rate. The addition of cherry leaf extract to a concentration of 3% can increase the growth of absolute weight and length and the specific growth rate of vaname shrimp which is better than the treatment without the addition of cherry leaf extract. Therefore cherry leaf extract has the potential to be used as a feed additive.
Experiencia de uso de una intervención basada en internet en instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia
Authors: Jaramillo Juan Carlos , Espinosa Duque Daniel , Fernández Arcila Mauricio , Ruiz Osorio Maria Paula
Published: March 2021

La depresión afecta 300 millones de personas, con un aumento global del 20% en los últimos diez años. Su alta incidencia y prevalencia, contextualizadas en la contemporaneidad, exigen propuestas comprensivas e interventivas pertinentes y eficaces. Se llevó a cabo una investigación para estudiar la utilidad de una intervención basada en internet para prevenir e intervenir tempranamente la depresión en adolescentes de colegios de Medellín. Como estrategia de investigación cualitativa, se realizaron ocho grupos focales con estudiantes y ocho entrevistas en profundidad con los psicologos de las instituciones educativas. Se valora su importancia para la detección temprana de riesgo, la necesidad de contar con espacios presenciales complementarios a las intervenciones basadas en internet, hay una alta aceptación y bajo uso por parte de los estudiantes y una demanda de participación activa en el proceso. Se identifican algunos mitos relativos a la depresión asociados al estigma que pueden ser intervenidos.
PHOTO CHRONICLE OF THE SCIENTIFIC LIFE OF THE BURYAT INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES ON THE ARCHIVAL MATERIALS OF THE TSVRK (1970–1980S)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Buraeva Svetlana
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of the search, identification, attribution and systematization of photographic materials on the history of academic science in Buryatia in 1970s – 1980s. Several blocks of images are highlighted – portraits (individual and group), official photo chronicle of meetings and events, photographs from expeditions, unofficial meetings. The characteristics of paleographic features of some photographs and albums are given. The differences in the methods of recording field-work results of different periods are determined.
MODERN TRENDS OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF THE BUDDHIST LITERARY HERITAGE
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rinchinov Oleg
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes modern trends in the exploration of Buddhist literary heritage, which have been formed within the framework of codicology, a multidisciplinary field aimed at studying the material embodiment of a book and related historical, cultural, geographical and other contexts. Codicological data obtained in the course of mass processing of large collections of written monuments make it possible to determine the main directions, peculiarities and intensity of cultural interaction in the vast space of Buddhist Asia and to obtain an objective view of the associated processes on the basis of quantitative indicators and assessments. The article outlines the ways of modernization of the approaches to the study of literary heritage, which are currently used at the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the IMBT SB RAS, and the introduction of new research methods and tools.
THE CONCEPTION OF ILLUSIONARY EXISTENCE IN THE «RATNA-GUNA-SAMCAYA-GĀTHĀ»
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lepekhov Sergey
Published: March 2021

The main subject of this paper are the possible ways of forming the concept of illusion (māyopamavada) in the philosophy of Madhyamaka. A special place in this process is occupied by the early prajñāpāramitā sutras. One of the objects of research is the prajñāpāramitā Sutra “Ratna-guna-samcaya-gāthā” (“Prajñāpāramitā in Verses about the Accumulation of Precious Qualities”). Due to the Prajñāpāramitā texts, the Buddhist idea of the illusionary existence became an essential part of the far Eastern culture and art. On the example of “Ratna-guna-samcaya-gāthā”, we can see the dynamics of the concept of “illusory world” how it was formed in the Prajñāpāramitā texts. As an example of further development of the concept and its application to the philosophical ideas of Madhyamaka, are used individual texts of Nāgārjuna (“Ratnāvalī”, “Yuktiṣāṣṭika”, “Lokātīta-stava”). Some variants of the issues of reference and designation (namely, the need to correlate the reference, denotate and designate with the object, and in turn, with the localization of the intensional, i.e., the meaning of the concept and the extensional one) are compared as in modern logic and the solutions, proposed by madhyamikas. The new approach to the study of Madhyamaka as a “philosophy of language” suggests very promising opportunities for study of both logical and philosophical heritage of Nāgārjuna and its connection with the entire previous prajñāpāramitā tradition. The Appendix contains a translation of the seven final chapters (XXVI–XXXII) of “Ratna-guna-samcaya-gāthā” from Sanskrit and Tibetan into Russian.
TIBETAN SOURCES ON PERSONAL QUALITIES OF STUDENTS LEARNING MEDICINE
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhabon Yumzhana
Published: March 2021

The article discusses traditional Tibetan views on the basic set of personal qualities required for a medical student. Special attention is given to the Buddhist terms describing the student using the analogy of vessel: “suitable vessel” (snod du rung ba), “unsuitable vessel” (snod du mi rung ba), “the three faulty vessels” (snod kyi skyon gsum). It is concluded that in Tibetan medicine, the formation of a certain set of personal qualities of a student contributes not only to the successful mastering of the profession of a doctor, but, above all, to his spiritual realization. Annotated translation of the chapter of the Khog ‘bugs on examination of disciples is provided at the end of the article.
ORGANIZATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY OF THE BURYAT SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE (1920S)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Badlaeva Tatyana
Published: March 2021

In the 1920s, the activities of the Buryat Scientific Committee were multifunctional. In addition to scientific researches, the committee carried on educational, publishing and translation activities, including the dissemination of communist ideas. Scientific modernization of Buryatia was impossible without a full-fledged reference apparatus, namely, a library. Organization of cooperation with leading scientific and educational structures of Russia has become a priority in the work of the Committee. By 1928, contacts have been established with over 40 institutions. The largest libraries, research institutes, publishing houses of central scientific journals were among them, for example, with the library of the Asian Museum of the Academy of Sciences, the Leningrad Institute of Living Oriental Languages, the Scientific Association of Oriental Studies, the Central Bureau of Regional Studies, the Kazan University, the Institute for the Study of Languages and Ethnic Cultures of Eastern Peoples, etc. In addition, contacts were established with famous Russian orientalists: A. V. Burdukovsky, B. Ya. Vladimirtsov, V. A. Kazakevich, N. K. Klyukin, S. F. Oldenburg, N. N. Poppe. Book exchange, including international, was established. It was the first channel of acquisition of the Committee’s library, including the distribution of scientific literature. The transfer of bibliographic values from the leading cultural, scientific and educational institutions of the country was the second channel for replenishing the Committee’s library. The acquisition of rare scientific oriental publications in bookstores in Moscow and Leningrad was the third channel. Collecting the items of scientific, cultural and historical value in the regions of Buryatia was the fourth channel of the Committee’s collections. The donating was the fifth channel. For example, D. Ye. Khangalova donated personal materials of the famous Buryat ethnographer and folklorist M. N. Khangalov to the Committee. The receipt of an obligatory sample of new literature was the sixth channel for the accumulation of scientific publications. Аccordingly, the chairman of the Buryat Scientific Committee, an outstanding orientalist and public figure, Bazar Baradin and his associates made significant contribution to the organization of the library, to the accumulation of a complex of academic scientific literature, which contributed to more successful scientific modernization of the republic.
Hinter der Scheibe – Aus der Traum?
Authors: Zeitzschel Uta
Published: March 2021

Ein im März 2020 wegen der Infektionsgefahr durch das Covid-19-Virus abrupt erfolgter zwischenzeitlicher Wechsel vom klassisch-analytischen Setting in insgesamt vier Stunden einer Videosprechstunde führte zu einem psychischen Absturz der Patientin. Anhand ihres Nachttraums nach der ersten Videobegegnung, den Assoziationen dazu, der die Traumerzählung begleitenden träumerischen Elemente in der Rêverie und der Gegenübertragung der Analytikerin wird der Versuch unternommen, herauszuarbeiten, in welchem Zusammenhang die Umstände des Videosettings mit dem Absturz der Patientin stehen. Klinisch und am Modell der Alpha-Funktion stellt die Autorin Einschränkungen der körperlichen Gegenübertragung und der Kommunikation von Unbewusst zu Unbewusst in dem virtuellen Setting dar. Die in der Videobegegnung nur eingeschränkte Qualifizierung von β-Elementen durch die Alpha-Funktion geht mit einer ungenügenden Ausbildung von Prä-Konzeptionen einher, die dadurch von der Analytikerin nicht intuierbar sind und keine Realisierung erfahren, sodass ihre psychische Transformation ausbleibt. Die Patientin, die sehr darauf angewiesen war, dass die Analytikerin sie hielt, insbesondere indem sie die protoemotionalen Verfassungen der Patientin in sich aufnahm und darum bemüht war, sie in psychisches Erleben zu übersetzen, erlebte die Unfähigkeit der Analytikerin, in diesem Setting wie zuvor zu arbeiten, als ein Fallen-gelassen-Werden.
»Ödipus Wrecked« – Der demolierte Ödipus
Authors: Hume Francesca
Published: March 2021

Bei den meisten Patienten sind klassisch ödipale Themen erkennbar, die symbolisiert auftauchen aber weitgehend unbewusst bleiben. Bei der von mir beschriebenen Patientin hingegen sind Träume, Fantasien, intrusive Bilder einer sexuellen Beziehung zu einer Vaterfigur dermaßen explizit, dass es scheint, als sei die übliche Verdrängung fehlgeschlagen. Zudem führt der Versuch, diese bewussten Fantasien und Träume näher zu erforschen, weder zu einer Vertiefung unseres Kontaktes noch zu einem vollständigeren Verstehen ihrer Verfassung. Ich beschreibe, auf welche Weise diese offensichtlichen Fantasien neben anderen, weniger offensichtlichen existieren. Aus dieser letzteren Kategorie lassen sich einige Phantasien erahnen und können mit der Zeit greifbar werden. Doch es gibt andere, von denen ein Bild zu gewinnen weitaus schwieriger ist, wiewohl diese das Erleben der Patientin machtvoll zu bestimmen scheinen. In diesem Beitrag geht es um diese grundlegenden Phantasien, um solche, von denen die Patientin keine Kenntnis im üblichen Sinn hat. Für Freud lag der Fokus bei der »Konstruktion« solcher Phantasien auf den Berichten der Patienten über ihr eigenes Verhalten. Heute versuchen wir, ihr Wesen durch die Analyse der Übertragung zu erhellen. Bei der von mir beschriebenen Patientin scheint die Konstruktion der Phantasie jedoch erst möglich zu werden, indem die Analytikerin Elemente jener Phantasie in Form eines Enactments erlebt. Ohne eine gewisse Kenntnis dieser Phantasie und deren Funktion würde sich diese Psychoanalyse auf einer falschen Fährte bewegen.22