bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The design of stable, sparse wavefield extrapolators using projections onto convex sets
Authors: Mousa Wail A.
Published: December 2012

We present the results of poststack explicit depth migration of the well-known 2D SEG/EAGE salt model zero-offset seismic data using sparse wavefield extrapolators. The extrapolators are designed to be sparse by forcing some of the very small complex-valued coefficients’ magnitude values to be zero. The proposed extrapolators design method combines the previously reported modified projections onto convex sets (MPOCS) for designing explicit depth frequency-space ([Formula: see text]) wavefield extrapolation operators with hard-thresholding of the small extrapolators coefficients’ magnitude. The real and imaginary parts of the MPOCS operators, with small magnitudes, are replaced by zeros during the MPOCS algorithm iterations. The migrated result of the SEG/EAGE salt model data, using such sparse designed operators, shows comparable migrated results using the nonsparse version of the MPOCS extrapolation operators as well as the image obtained using the well-known phase-shift plus interpolation (PSPI) migration technique. Overall, the sparse operators result in poststack imaging computational savings (in terms of used flops) of about 28% when compared to poststack imaging of the same data using the nonsparse MPOCS designed operators, and of more than 87.77% saved flops using the PSPI technique.
Polynomial equivalent layer
Authors: Oliveira Jr. Vanderlei C. , Barbosa Valéria C. F. , Uieda Leonardo
Published: December 2012

We have developed a new cost-effective method for processing large-potential-field data sets via the equivalent-layer technique. In this approach, the equivalent layer is divided into a regular grid of equivalent-source windows. Inside each window, the physical-property distribution is described by a bivariate polynomial. Hence, the physical-property distribution within the equivalent layer is assumed to be a piecewise polynomial function defined on a set of equivalent-source windows. We perform any linear transformation of a large set of data as follows. First, we estimate the polynomial coefficients of all equivalent-source windows by using a linear regularized inversion. Second, we transform the estimated polynomial coefficients of all windows into the physical-property distribution within the whole equivalent layer. Finally, we premultiply this distribution by the matrix of Green’s functions associated with the desired transformation to obtain the transformed data. The regularized inversion deals with a linear system of equations with dimensions based on the total number of polynomial coefficients within all equivalent-source windows. This contrasts with the classical approach of directly estimating the physical-property distribution within the equivalent layer, which leads to a system based on the number of data. Because the number of data is much larger than the number of polynomial coefficients, the proposed polynomial representation of the physical-property distribution within an equivalent layer drastically reduces the number of parameters to be estimated. By comparing the total number of floating-point operations required to estimate an equivalent layer via our method with the classical approach, both formulated with Cholesky’s decomposition, we can verify that the computation time required for building the linear system and for solving the linear inverse problem can be reduced by as many as three and four orders of magnitude, respectively. Applications to synthetic and real data show that our method performs the standard linear transformations of potential-field data accurately.
Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy v. conventional guided self-help for bulimia nervosa: long-term evaluation of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wagner Gudrun , Penelo Eva , Wanner Christian , Gwinner Paulina , Trofaier Marie-Louise , Imgart Hartmut , Waldherr Karin , Wöber-Bingöl Çiçek , Karwautz Andreas F. K.
Published: December 2012

Background

Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT)-based guided self-help is recommended as a first step in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

Aims

To evaluate in a randomised controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT00461071) the long-term effectiveness of internet-based guided self-help (INT-GSH) compared with conventional guided bibliotherapy (BIB-GSH) in females with bulimia nervosa.

Method

A total of 155 participants were randomly assigned to INT-GSH or BIB-GSH for 7 months. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, month 4, month 7 and month 18.

Results

The greatest improvement was reported after 4 months with a continued reduction in eating disorder symptomatology reported at month 7 and 18. After 18 months, 14.6% (n = 7/48) of the participants in the INT-GSH group and 25% (n = 7/28) in the BIB-GSH group were abstinent from binge eating and compensatory measures, 43.8% (n = 21/48) and 39.2% (n = 11/28) respectively were in remission. No differences regarding outcome between the two groups were found.

Conclusions

Internet-based guided self-help for bulimia nervosa was not superior compared with bibliotherapy, the gold standard of self-help. Improvements remain stable in the long term.
The Banking School and the Law of Reflux in General
Authors: Le Maux Laurent
Published: December 2012

This article builds a “matrix of reflux” of all the channels of reflux of demand debts described by the banking school. It follows that the banking school’s law of reflux in general is different from the antibullionist real bills doctrine and more complete than a description of the market discipline that throws any convertible issue in excess out of circulation. In addition to the description of the different channels of reflux inside the banking system (channels of the clearing mechanism may be described as the law of interbank reflux), the article extends the matrix of reflux in the international context of the specie regime (all the channels may then be described as the law of international reflux). As a result, the matrix of reflux clarifies the structure of the banking school’s framework and helps us gain a clearer picture of the overall coherence of the banking principles.
Positional editing of transmembrane domains during ion channel assembly
Authors: Öjemalm Karin , Watson Helen R. , Roboti Peristera , Cross Benedict C. S. , Warwicker Jim , von Heijne Gunnar , High Stephen
Published: December 2012

The integration of transmembrane (TM)-spanning regions of many channels and ion transporters is potentially compromised by the presence of polar and charged residues required for biological function. Although the two TMs of the ATP-gated ion channel subunit P2X2 each contain charged/polar amino acids, we found that each TM is efficiently membrane inserted when it is analysed in isolation, and uncovered no evidence for cooperativity between these two TMs during P2X2 integration. However, using minimal N-glycosylation distance mapping, we find that the positioning of TM2 in newly synthesized P2X2 monomers is distinct from that seen in subunits of the high-resolution structures of assembled homologous trimers. We conclude that P2X2 monomers are initially synthesised at the endoplasmic reticulum in a distinct conformation, where the extent of the TM-spanning regions is primarily defined by the thermodynamic cost of their membrane integration at the Sec61 translocon. In this model, TM2 of P2X2 subsequently undergoes a process of positional editing within the membrane that correlates with trimerisation of the monomer, a process requiring specific polar/charged residues in both TM1 and TM2. We postulate that the assembly process offsets any energetic cost of relocating TM2, and find evidence that positional editing of TM2 in the acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC1a) is even more pronounced than that observed for P2X2. Taken together, these data further underline the potential complexities involved in accurately predicting TM domains. We propose that the orchestrated repositioning of TM segments during subunit oligomerisation plays an important role in generating the functional architecture of active ion channels, and suggest that the regulation of this underappreciated biosynthetic step may provide an elegant mechanism for maintaining ER homeostasis.
Atg18 function in autophagy is regulated by specific sites within its β-propeller
Authors: Rieter Ester , Vinke Fabian , Bakula Daniela , Cebollero Eduardo , Ungermann Christian , Proikas-Cezanne Tassula , Reggiori Fulvio
Published: December 2012

Autophagy is a conserved degradative transport pathway. It is characterized by the formation of double-membrane autophagosomes at the phagophore assembly site (PAS). Atg18 is essential for autophagy but also for vacuole homeostasis and probably endosomal functions. This protein is basically a β-propeller, formed by seven WD40 repeats, that contains a conserved FRRG motif that binds to phosphoinositides and promotes Atg18 recruitment to the PAS, endosomes and vacuoles. However, it is unknown how Atg18 association with these organelles is regulated, as the phosphoinositides bound by this protein are present on the surface of all of them. We have investigated Atg18 recruitment to the PAS and found that Atg18 binds to Atg2 through a specific stretch of amino acids in the β-propeller on the opposite surface to the FRRG motif. As in the absence of the FRRG sequence, the inability of Atg18 to interact with Atg2 impairs its association with the PAS, causing an autophagy block. Our data provide a model whereby the Atg18 β-propeller provides organelle specificity by binding to two determinants on the target membrane.
The Role of Experience Sampling and Graphical Displays on One's Investment Risk Appetite
Authors: Kaufmann Christine , Weber Martin , Haisley Emily
Published: December 2012

Financial professionals have a great deal of discretion concerning how to relay information about the risk of financial products to their clients. This paper introduces a new risk tool to communicate the risk of investment products, and it examines how different risk-presentation modes influence risk-taking behavior and investors' recall ability of the risk-return profile of financial products. We analyze four different ways of communicating risk: (i) numerical descriptions, (ii) experience sampling, (iii) graphical displays, and (iv) a combination of these formats in the “risk tool.” Participants receive information about a risky and a risk-free fund and make an allocation between the two in an experimental investment portfolio. We find that risky allocations are elevated in both the risk tool and experience sampling conditions. Greater risky allocations in the risk tool condition are associated with decreased risk perception, increased confidence in the risky fund, and a lower estimation of the probability of a loss. In addition to these favorable perceptions of the risky fund, participants in the risk tool condition are more accurate on recall questions regarding the expected return and the probability of a loss. We find no evidence of greater dissatisfaction with returns in these conditions, and we observe a willingness to take on similar levels of risk in subsequent allocations.

This paper was accepted by Teck Ho, behavioral economics.
Contact Zones and Border Crossings: Writing Deaf Lives
Authors: Lindgren Kristin A.
Published: December 2012

Pierre Desloges's 1779 essay "A Deaf Person's Observations about An Elementary Course of Education for the Deaf " and Emmanuelle Laborit's 1994 autobiography The Cry of the Gull , both originally published in French, exemplify how life writing by culturally Deaf authors functions as a contact zone between Deaf and hearing worlds. Desloges's essay challenges the primacy of written and spoken languages and the assumptions of an Enlightenment public fascinated by deafness but uncertain whether deaf people were fully human. Laborit's autobiography foregrounds the crucial role of sign language in her own development while asserting the continuing value of the written text. Her composition of both self and text entails a cultural hybridity in which elements of two languages and cultures are brought together without eliding their differences.
Between Catastrophe and Carnival: Creolized Identities, Cityspace, and Life Narratives
Authors: Dobbs Cynthia , Lamothe Daphne , Tensuan Theresa
Published: December 2012

This cluster of "Life Stories from the Creole City" brings together essays that focus on fi gures negotiating subjectivity within different "creole cities" at specifi c historical junctures, as these urban spaces become compelling sites for narrating subjectivity in negotiation with forces of globalization, diaspora, and cosmopolitanism. The essays variously illuminate the diffi culties and payoffs associated with narrating lives in—and of—porous urban space.
"Dust to Cleanse Themselves," A Survivor's Ethos: Diasporic Disidentifications in Zeitoun
Authors: Thomas Valorie
Published: December 2012

Extending Jose Muñoz's analysis of disidentification, this essay argues that Dave Eggers's Zeitoun reflects a particular ethos of survival that is both decolonized and disidentified. By revising the master media narrative of Hurricane Katrina as an unfortunate act of God and FEMA's bad timing, Eggers critiques dominant practices of race, class, gender, nation, and crisis processing to address silences at the core of the narrative.
Urban Silhouettes: Mohand Mounsi's Creolized Paris
Authors: Fulton Dawn
Published: December 2012

The literary works of Franco-Algerian writer and singer Mounsi envision Paris as a Creolized space in that they underscore the multiplicity of histories and cultural practices represented by the city's inhabitants. This essay focuses on the author's use of the silhouette as an attempt to render the representative impasse of unacknowledged narratives of poverty and disavowed colonial histories in the urban landscape.
Lanfranc of Bec’s Version of Decretals in a Canonistic Context
Authors: de las Asturias Nicolás Álvarez
Published: December 2012

During the eleventh century canon law collections, generated for different purposes but including the same texts, were used in the reform of the Church. The author presents a comparative study of important texts in collections such as the Collectio Lanfranci, an abridged version of the Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals used in the reform of the English Church. A close study of the manuscripts provides insight into Lanfranc of Bec’s legal thinking and his position as ruler.
The Relations of Beaumont College (Old Windsor, England) with the British Monarchy (1861–1908)
Authors: Caparrini Bernardo Rodríguez
Published: December 2012

Beaumont College, a Jesuit boarding school for boys from well-to-do families, was established in 1861 near Windsor, in the south of England. The college had been permitted to present loyal addresses to Queen Victoria in 1882, 1887, and 1897. Joseph M. Bampton, S.J. (1854–1933), the ninth rector, sought to strengthen the ties between the college and the British monarchy after Edward VII came to the throne in 1901, but met with only qualified success.
Character and Context in the Rebuke Exchange of Iliad 17.142–184
Authors: Kozak Lynn
Published: December 2012

This article focuses on the rebuke exchange between Hektor and Glaukos at the beginning of Iliad 17. Responding to previous work on the scene, especially that of Carroll Moulton and Bernard Fenik, this work aims to show the richness and complexity of context and character in scenes that can often be seen as simply typical, and asserts that variation in typology appears not only in language, but also in character-specific motivations and responses to specific scenarios.
Poison: Nature’s Argument for the Roman Empire in Pliny the Elder’s Naturalis Historia
Authors: Jones-Lewis Molly Ayn
Published: December 2012

In Pliny the Elder’s Naturalis Historia poisonous plants and animals are intimately associated with their countries of origin. Moreover, Pliny often focuses on those poisonous substances found in lands where Rome had carried out major campaigns, particularly Egypt and Pontus. The power and influence of poisons in these locations is deliberately emphasized in order to justify Italy (and by implication Rome) as a natural physician of the world ideally suited to subdue untamed poisons and make them over as powerful and life-saving medicines. In this way Pliny structures his view of natura to justify the existence and rule of the Roman Empire.
Philocles and the Sea-Battle at Aegospotami (Xenophon Hell . 2.1.22–32)
Authors: Kapellos Aggelos
Published: December 2012

In this paper I argue that Xenophon deliberately omits to use the word “sea-fight” (ναυμαχία) in regard to the naval battle at Aegospotami in order to indicate that there was no serious naval engagement that would justify the report of this word. Moreover, his purpose for doing that was to castigate Philocles as an incompetent general. In regard to the fact that the Athenian orators talk about a sea battle in the Hellespont, this is just a coincidence and arises from ideological reasons.
From Leaky Pipeline to Irrigation System: Minority Education Through the Lens of Community-Based Participatory Research
Authors: James Rosalina , Starks Helene , Segrest Valerie Ann , Burke Wylie
Published: December 2012

Background:
Higher education has long made efforts to increase underrepresented minority participation in biomedical research and health fields. However, relatively few minority trainees complete advanced degrees or proceed to independent research careers, a loss referred to as the “leaky pipeline.” Minority trainees may take alternate pathways to climbing the academic ladder, exiting to pursue multiple disciplinary or community-serving roles.
Objective: The authors propose a model for understanding minority departures from the education pipeline as a basis for supporting careers that align with community goals for health.
Methods: Concepts of the traditional pipeline training model are compared with a model that aligns with community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles and practices. The article describes an irrigation model that incorporates informal learning from academic and community knowledge bases to prepare trainees for CBPR and interdisciplinary research. Students serve as agents that foster individual, institutional, and social change needed to address health problems while attending to root causes of disparities.
Conclusions: Viewing minority students as agents for community engagement allows institutions to reassess the role training can play in diversifying participation in higher education and research. An irrigation model supports development of an infrastructure that optimizes success at all post-secondary levels, and enhances CBPR capacity wherever trainees live, work, and learn. Linking formal education to informal learning in context of CBPR experiences can also reduce community mistrust of research while nurturing productive research partnerships with communities to address health disparities.
Community-Engaged Pedagogy: A Strengths-Based Approach to Involving Diverse Stakeholders in Research Partnerships
Authors: Rubin Carolyn Leung , Martinez Linda Sprague , Chu Jocelyn , Hacker Karen , Brugge Doug , Pirie Alex , Allukian Nathan , Rodday Angie Mae , Leslie Laurel K.
Published: December 2012

Background:
To help build community capacity to partner in translational research partnerships, new approaches to training that incorporate both adult learning models and community-based participatory research (CBPR) are needed.
Objectives: This article describes the educational approach—“community-engaged pedagogy”—used in a capacity-building training program with community partners in Boston. Drawing from adult learning theory and CBPR community-engaged pedagogy embraces co-learning and is rooted in a deep respect for the prior knowledge and experiences that community partners bring to the conversation around CBPR. This approach developed iteratively over the course of the first year of the program. Participating community partners drove the development of this educational approach, as they requested the application of CBPR principles to the educational program.
Methods: The dimensions of community-engaged pedagogy include (1) a relational approach to partnership building, (2) establishment of a learning community, (3) organic curriculum model, (4) collaborative teaching mechanism with diverse faculty, and (5) applied learning.
Conclusions: Using a community-engaged pedagogical approach helps to model respect, reciprocity, and power sharing, core principles of CBPR. Although community partners appreciate this approach, traditionally trained academics may find this method unfamiliar and uncomfortable.
A Community–Academic Partnership to Adapt a Curriculum for People With Serious Mental Illnesses and Diabetes
Authors: Kahn Linda S. , Pastore Patricia A. , Rodriguez Elisa M. , Tumiel-Berhalter Laurene , Kelley Maura , Bartlett Donald P. , Saunders Elizabeth A. , Fox Chester H.
Published: December 2012

Background:
Individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMI) represent a high-risk health disparities population disproportionately affected by diabetes and obesity.
Objectives: This paper describes a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to adapting a well-known evidence-based behavioral change protocol, the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention, for individuals with diabetes and SMI in the community setting.
Methods: A committee composed of university researchers and representatives from the recovery community modified the DPP following three criteria: Person centeredness, practicality, and empowerment.
Lessons Learned: Major modifications to the DPP were made in light of barriers and challenges faced by individuals with diabetes and SMI.
Conclusions: The adaptations made to the DPP, and the process through which the modifications were made, may be used by physicians, mental health practitioners, and health educators to engage individuals confronting self-management of diabetes and mental illness.
Methods for Linking Community Views to Measureable Outcomes in a Youth Violence Prevention Program
Authors: McDonald Catherine C. , Richmond Therese S. , Guerra Terry , Thomas Nicole A. , Walker Alia , Branas Charles C. , TenHave Thomas R. , Vaughn Nicole A. , Leff Stephen S. , Hausman Alice J.
Published: December 2012

Background:
All parties in community–academic partnerships have a vested interest prevention program success. Markers of success that reflect community’s experiences of programmatic prevention success are not always measurable, but critically speak to community-defined needs.
Objective: The purpose of this manuscript was to (1) describe our systematic process for linking locally relevant community views (community-defined indicators) to measurable outcomes in the context of a youth violence prevention program and (2) discuss lessons learned, next steps, and recommendations for others trying to replicate a similar process.
Methods: A research team composed of both academic and community researchers conducted a systematic process of matching community-defined indicators of youth violence prevention programmatic success to standardized youth survey items being administered in the course of a program evaluation. The research team of three community partners and five academic partners considered 43 community-defined indicators and 208 items from the youth surveys being utilized within the context of a community-based aggression prevention program. At the end of the matching process, 92 youth survey items were identified and agreed upon as potential matches to 11 of the community-defined indicators.
Conclusions: We applied rigorous action steps to match community-defined indicators to survey data collected in the youth violence prevention intervention. We learned important lessons that inform recommendations for others interested in such endeavors. The process used to derive and assess community-defined indicators of success emphasized the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) and use of existing and available data to reduce participant burden.
“In My House”: Laying the Foundation for Youth HIV Prevention in the Black Church
Authors: Lightfoot Alexandra F. , Woods Briana A. , Jackson Melvin , Riggins Linda , Krieger Kathleen , Brodie Kimberly , Gray Phyllis , Howard Daniel L.
Published: December 2012

Background:
This article describes the process our community–academic partnership used to lay the groundwork for successful implementation of an adolescent-focused, evidence-based HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum in two Black churches.
Objectives: We highlight the challenges encountered and lessons learned in building a relationship with two churches, garnering the pastor’s support, and implementing the curriculum within church youth groups.
Methods: We engaged a Community Advisory Board (CAB) made up of youth, parents, and diverse faith leaders to ensure community relevance and guide project development, implementation, and evaluation.
Lessons Learned: Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach helped us to (1) engage diverse, intergenerational community members, (2) initiate a “culturally humble” process to build relationships with faith leaders, (3) remain responsive to stakeholder concerns, and (4) open the door to HIV prevention in the Black church.
Conclusions: Finding effective and responsive ways to implement HIV/AIDS prevention in faith settings is facilitated by engaging diverse partners throughout the research process.
The Impress of the Invisible: Lodges and Cottages
Authors: Wall Cynthia
Published: December 2012

This essay is part of a larger project that interests itself in things that ought to be in literature but are not. Here I consider the park gate lodge, a prominent eighteenth-century architectural phenomenon that in literature, as in life, just gets driven past, all eyes fixated on the great house ahead. It's a prepositional sort of structure, lurking just beneath the texture of the text. Yet its semi-invisibility bends the actions and imaginations of the characters in the novels of Jane Austen, Frances Burney, Ann Radcliffe, and John Bunyan. And when we look closely, it comes into focus, forcing us to ask what else we're not seeing in this text, in this world.
Mark Twain, Immigration, and the American Narrative
Authors: Peyser Thomas
Published: December 2012

In No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger and other late works, Mark Twain explores the disruptions to prevailing narratives of nationality and race caused by novel patterns of immigration to the United States in his last years. Twain's texts play on such matters as labor unions' attempts to limit immigration, schemes for issuing identification numbers to members of migrant populations, and anxieties about assimilated immigrants' passing for Anglo-Americans. Marking 44 as a Jew, Twain shows that immigrants can lay bare the contingent nature of all communities whatever, and thus moves towards a liberating but disorienting form of social constructionism.
The Cenci : Tragedy in a Secular Age
Authors: Dempsey Sean
Published: December 2012

Percy Bysshe Shelley's The Cenci presents the case of Beatrice Cenci, a woman martyred at the crossroads of incest and parricide. The play's divergence from the generic form of classical tragedy has important implications for understanding how shifts in the logic of sovereignty necessitated a reimagining of tragedy for a secular age. By first applying Walter Benjamin's analysis of the representation of sovereignty in baroque drama to The Cenci , this essay suggests how Marzio, a relatively minor character, potentially opens up a logical space within the concept of sovereignty through which a new kind of political work can emerge.
The People and the Poet Redeemed: William Wordsworth and the Peninsular Uprising
Authors: Green Georgina
Published: December 2012

This paper examines William Wordsworth's contribution to an 1808 debate about the Peninsular Uprising where the concept of popular sovereignty was at stake. For Wordsworth, the peninsular people represent an instance of "constituent power"—a power conceived specifically as pre-formal or pre-institutional and yet collective. From 1793 to 1815 Wordsworth is committed to this version of popular sovereignty, but the 1809 tract on the Convention of Cintra represents his most successful effort to sublimate its problematic aspects. I show that an intriguing symmetry between the poet and the peninsular people ultimately legitimates or redeems both.
Свидетель, хронист, обвинитель. Залман Левенталь и его тексты
Authors: Полян Павел
Published: December 2012

In his introductory article to the notes of Zalman Leventhal, a member of Sonderkommando in Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1942-1944, who documented the story of preparation of the revolt in the camp and hid his notes in the ground near Crematorium no. III, Pavel Polian begins with a detailed story of Sonderkommando as a phenomenon. He not only explains who they were and what they were ordered to do in Auschwitz-Birkenau but also discusses the reception of this phenomenon in postwar Israeli society, in the historiography of the Holocaust, and in the historical memory of survivors. Then Polian turns to the evidence left by those members of Sonderkommando who survived the war (110 men out of, roughly, 2,200): some of them wrote memoirs, while others gave detailed interviews. However, there was evidence bequeathed by those Sonderkommandos who perished. Such written testimonies were, in particular, recovered from ground and ashes in Auschwitz-Birkenau, after this site of mass murder had been liberated. The ten Auschwitz "scrolls" by five authors, all members of Sonderkom­mando, represent central documents of the Holocaust. Polian tells the story of their discovery, identification, translation, and publication. Zalman Lev­enthal's notes are the last to be published. Polian sees their distinction in their author's self-assumed role as a chronicler who was, nevertheless, far from neutral. Unlike other Sonderkommando underground "chronicles," Leventhal explicitly rejected a historiosophic, literary, or psychological style of narration. Polian includes in his introduction Leventhal's biography and offers an analysis of his specific writing style, which revealed his troubled psychological state and his sense of mission.
Alina Polonskaya, who did the first Russian translation of texts by Leventhal for this publication in AI , added her own introduction in which she discusses Leventhal's Yiddish and his writing style, and explains her translation choices.
Resistance and Accommodation in the Stalinist Periphery: A Peasant Uprising in Abkhazia
Authors: Blauvelt Timothy K.
Published: December 2012

This article is a micro-study of a case of peasant rebellion in a periph­eral region of the early Stalin-era Soviet Union that was dominated by an ethnically based local patronage network. Using primary source materials (especially secret police reports) from the Georgian party archives and from Nestor Lakoba's personal archive, the article examines the significance of nationalism and ethnically constructed identity for peasant resistance under Stalinism within the context of imperial exceptionalism. The study explores the role of the center-periphery relationship in the attempts of the local lead­ership to accommodate the peasants' demands and to resolve the incident peacefully, and also the resulting trajectory of the incident in local histori­cal memory, in order to demonstrate the ways in which the complexity and diversity of the Soviet empire presented both challenges and opportunities for both the center and the periphery. In so doing, the study draws upon and consolidates recent approaches to peasant resistance, subjective mentality, and imperial diversity under Stalinism. Статья Тимоти Блаувельта представляет собой микроисследование крестьянского восстания в периферийном регионе довоенного СССР, где существовал местный специфический режим патронажа, основанный на этническом родстве. Речь идет о достаточно уникальной для раннесоветского политического контекста ситуации в Абхазии, которую автор не только реконструирует, но и анализирует в рамках подходов, характерных для изучения крестьянских движений и субъективной ментальности. Однако основной рамкой анализа выступает имперское разнообразие и проблема имперской исключительности. Автор решает вопрос о роли национализма и этнических идентичностей в крестьянском протестном движении в Абхазии в указанный период, опираясь на источники из архивов Грузии и личный архив Нестора Лакобы. Действия местного партийного руководства, стремящегося удовлетворить требования крестьян мирными средствами, часто вопреки давлению из центра, он анализирует в контексте отношений центра и периферии в Советской империи, указывая на вызовы и дополнительные возможности недетерминированного действия, которые создавала реконструированная им имперская ситуация.
Истории для домашнего употребления
Authors: Портнов Андрей
Published: December 2012

This article is a post-reflection on the discussion of Volodymyr Viatrovich's book Second Poland-Ukrainian War ( AI 1/2012). The author broadens the discussion by including an overview of Ukrainian politics of memory of World War II during three last presidencies (Leonid Kuchma, Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych). Andriy Portnov examines Ukrainian images of World War II against the political contexts of their production and circulation. From this perspective, he scrutinizes "problematic fields" such as the Ukrainian nationalist underground, divided memories of war veterans, and the place of the Holocaust and the deportation of Crimean Tatars in the Ukrainian national historical narrative. Portnov suggests that Ukrainian memory pluralism was politically beneficial as a space of dialogue. Now, however, it progressively evolves into isolated and quite aggressive divided narratives that survive because neither one can destroy the contender. Each of these narratives evades the question of personal responsibility, while the politics of Yanukovych's administration promotes opposition between "national" and "denationalized" histories, which does not afford space for critical historiography. In the second part of the article, Portnov engages the views of scholars who participated in the discussion on Viatrovich's book as illustrative of his observations in the first part of the article. He predicts that the nearest future will bring a new polarization and radicalization of the Polish-Ukrainian discussion about history and memory of World War II, as the seventieth "anniversary" of the Volynia massacre approaches in 2013.
Между национальными устремлениями и колониализмом Гитлера: восточноевропейские военные формирования в Bооруженных силах Германии в 1941-1945 гг.
Authors: Боляновский Андрей
Published: December 2012

The article analyzes the preconditions and general political climate of the phenomenon of mass collaboration of Soviet citizens with Nazi armed forces during World War II. Andrii Bolianovskyi diagnoses deep societal crisis in the prewar USSR and considers its political, national and social aspects. He employs the framework of "civil war" as a part of the German-Soviet confrontation to account for nuances of experience of collaboration. The article also investigates the reasons for and incentives of Nazi Germany's creation of international military units packed with peoples of the Soviet Union, and the impact of ideological Nazism and colonialism of German leadership on the policies of recruitment and application of these auxiliary forces. Bolianovskyi's other major concern in the article is the statistics of East Europeans in the German military service. His analysis in this part is based on a unique range of archival and published sources and historiog­raphy. He concludes that the numbers of Soviet collaborators reflect the deep level of alienation of many citizens of the USSR from Stalin's regime, while the Third Reich policy of "civil war" at the Eastern Front, though numerically successful, resulted in failure. Nazi colonialism did not allow the anti-Soviet mobilization to be sustained in the form of regular armed forces on a grand scale.
The Nation That Might Not Be: The Role of Iskhaqi's Extinction After Two Hundred Years in the Popularization of Kazan Tatar National Identity Among the 'Ulama Sons and Shakirds of the Volga-Ural Region, 1904-1917
Authors: Ross Danielle
Published: December 2012

The article examines the role of early twentieth-century Tatar-language fiction in creating and popularizing national symbols and in redefining the categories into which intellectuals divided the members of their society. This article focuses, in particular, on the works of a number of post-1905 writers who have received relatively little attention in English-language scholarship. While not neglecting the imperial context, it takes an intellectual rather than social historical approach. It draws on Tatar-language poems, novels, memoirs, letters, and archival documents from the early 1900s. В статье рассматривается роль татарской литературы начала ХХ века в создании и популяризации национальных символов и переопределе­нии категорий, с помощью которых интеллектуалы стратифицировали членов общества. В центре внимания Даниэль Росс работы нескольких татарских писателей, активность которых выпала на период после Первой русской революции (1905-1907) (поэзия, проза, воспоминания, письма и архивные документы). Имперский контекст играет важную роль в интерпретации их творчества, однако автор определяет свой подход не как социально-исторический, а как "интеллектуальный", сформированный под влиянием постколониальной методологии.
A Different Kind of Brothers: Exclusion and Partial Integration After Repatriation to a Soviet "Homeland"
Authors: Lehmann Maike
Published: December 2012

This article deals with the voluntary repatriation of 10 percent of the Armenian diaspora to Soviet Armenia during the immediate postwar years. Coming from the Near East, Europe, and North America, these repatriates had to deal with the harsh postwar conditions, inscrutable social rules, and the negative reception of their Soviet "brothers." About half of them soon were deported to Siberia and Central Asia. The narratives presented in interviews, memoirs, and archival sources allow for an insight into the evolution of national identity, its relation to Soviet civilization, and what it meant not to be part of Soviet Armenian society, but eventually to become part of Soviet society on the national periphery in the decades after 1945. В центре внимания Майке Леманн − добровольная репатриация 10% армянской диаспоры в советскую Армению непосредственно после Второй мировой войны. Выходцам из Ближнего Востока, Европы и Северной Америки пришлось интегрироваться в советский контекст в тяжелых послевоенных условиях, принимать незнакомые социальные правила и столкнуться с отчуждением "братьев" - советских армян. Около половины армянских репатриантов вскоре оказались депорти­рованы в Сибирь и Среднюю Азию. Автор пытается проследить этот непростой опыт интеграции на основании интервью, воспоминаний и архивных документов, фиксируя не столько фактологическую канву, сколько изменения в трактовках национальной идентичности и совет­ской цивилизации, эволюцию стратегий интеграции в "свою" нацию и в советское общество.
Ulysses Becomes Electra: Electric Energy in Joyce's Novel
Authors: Duffy Enda
Published: December 2012

The arrival, at the turn of the twentieth century, of the new technol­ogy of mass electrification led to a diffusion of a new kind of perva­sive energy in the world and a new experience of energy for its users. This was not only mentioned in modernist texts; it infiltrated the way those texts attended to the human energy of the characters portrayed. Modernist experiments, particularly in Joyce's Ulysses , often serve the purpose of delineating, with an accuracy never before attempted, the shifts in the nervous energy expenditure of their characters. In such passages as the final scene of "Lestrygonians," when Bloom catches sight of Boylan and swerves to avoid meeting him, Ulysses is more interested in mapping the ebb and flow of Bloom's energy than in tracing the motivations and dilemmas that are generally taken to be most novels' concerns. This represents Ulysses 's "adrenaline aes­thetic." It marks a cultural turn in which texts attend less to human motivations and more to the modulations of human energy. Bloom's flânerie , which marks the overall rhythm of his energy use, allows him both to hoard and to disperse his energies, all within a social frame­work in which the consumption of commodities is key.
"Cyclops," Censorship, and Joyce's Monster Audiences
Authors: Flack Leah Culligan
Published: December 2012

This essay examines how and why Joyce's long history with censors shaped the themes, style, and eventual form of "Cyclops" at a critical turning point in the composition of Ulysses . It uses genetic materials to track the ways that "Cyclops" reanimates old conflicts with censors, starting with Joyce's 1906 struggle against what he called the "one-eyed printer" who blocked the publication of Dubliners . Written during a period of intensive censorship, "Cyclops," this article argues, goes on the attack against its potential censors in a variety of ingenious ways. Its subversive language ultimately raises questions about the nature of obscenity and suggests that violence is obscene. The episode's challenge to censors aligns with its aggressive representation of a variety of Irish and international audiences. Designating any of these as "that monster audience," "Cyclops" scrutinizes the interpretive habits and collective logic of groups that sentimentalize and revel in executions, lynchings, and other violent spectacles. By provoking its censors and challenging its bloodthirsty audiences, "Cyclops" attempts to clear a cultural space for Ulysses and its cosmopolitan hero.
What Is Haunting Dubliners ?
Authors: O'Gorman Francis
Published: December 2012

Narratives of the returning dead recur in Ulysses and in Finnegans Wake , but it is easy to forget the extent to which their presences are apprehended in Dubliners . Literal accounts of the returning dead are there too, but, curiously, the reading experience itself is strangely haunted. In this essay, I consider the variety of ways in which the dead are "present" in the tales but suggest they are not necessarily easy to understand. Indeed, the texts do not seek to "explain" such moments at all but to present them as unsettling and irreducible fea­tures of reading Dubliners altogether. I include here an analysis of the possibility of ghostly returns in "The Dead" and consider "Eveline" as a story in which, remarkably, the living and the dead are inter­fused. The central claim of this essay is that ghostly elements are not understood but felt in these stories.
Bitter Milk: Joyce's Shem Nursed Hysterically
Authors: Brivic Shelly
Published: December 2012

Jacques Lacan's theory of the four discourses in his seventeenth volume of seminars includes an arrangement whereby the discourse of the master, which imposes the proper order of society, is opposed to the discourse of the hysteric, which focuses on what is shameful or obscene so as to express the feeling of the oppressed, and this is the source of the master's knowledge. Joyce's work is continually involved in challenging censorship to express the discourse of the hysteric, often by concealed means. The part of woman that Joyce is most interested in, which is emphasized at the ends of his works, is the hysterical overflow of her feelings that expresses her resistance to oppression. The focus of his art on the resentment of women is represented by the fact that Shem the Penman, the ultimate Joycean artist, is constituted as an artist by nursing on his mother's bitterness, which is embodied by her urine. This idea is manifested by a series of hysterical passages in Ulysses and the Wake that present the artist as drinking a woman's urine. On one level, this is an article about alcoholism.
Joyce, Coleridge, and the Eastern Aesthetic
Authors: Bannon Brad
Published: December 2012

This essay traces Joyce's use of eastern imagery in Ulysses back to the poetics of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ultimately offering an alternative to Edward Said's familiar argument for Orientalism as a mode of western domination. Though the relationship between Coleridge and Joyce has been left largely unexplored, Joyce's allusions to Coleridge's "Kubla Khan" and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner at crucial points in the novel reveal the importance of The Arabian Nights as a narrative model as well as a sourcebook for aesthetic misrepresentations of the East. Sharing a common interest in the theme of loss and recovery in both its literal and figurative forms, Coleridge and Joyce deploy eastern imagery as a way of eliciting a multivalent structure of symbol and allusion whereby the representation of the particular aspires to the universal.
Where Are We in the Justification of Research Involving Chimpanzees?
Authors: Beauchamp Tom L. , Ferdowsian Hope R. , Gluck John P.
Published: December 2012

On December 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on the Use of Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research issued a final report commissioned by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It changed the landscape of discussion about the necessity of using chimpanzees in research. The Committee advanced three principles of scientifically warranted research on chimpanzees, but NIH’s statement of task provided inadequate opportunity for the Committee to investigate moral problems and their implications for public policy. The IOM Committee’s report is a landmark document, but it has weaknesses in its justificatory framework, largely resulting from the Committee’s narrow remit from NIH and IOM. We analyze cases mentioned in the report and argue that numerous central ethical issues are neglected, especially ones of justification. Additionally, we consider whether the principles offered by the Committee could be used as criteria governing the use of other animals in biomedical and behavioral research.
The Problem of Fetal Pain and Abortion: Toward an Ethical Consensus for Appropriate Behavior
Authors: Brugger E. Christian
Published: December 2012

Debate exists over whether fetuses feel pain, and if so what to do about it. Because they cannot provide self-report, certitude on the question cannot be reached. The essay argues that a presumption of reasonable doubt is adequate to inform moral behavior. It looks at the most recent evidence from fetal anatomical, neurochemical, physiological and behavioral research and concludes that a reasonable doubt exists that fetuses from 20 to 23 weeks do not feel pain. It proposes that where abortion is legal, providers should be legally required both to provide full disclosure of the possibility of fetal pain starting at 20 weeks and to offer pain-relief measures to suppress fetal pain to all women seeking an abortion.
Faculty Sensemaking and Mission Creep: Interrogating Institutionalized Ways of Knowing and Doing Legitimacy
Authors: Gonzales Leslie D.
Published: December 2012

Increasingly, regional and/or teaching colleges and universities are striving to assert themselves as national or international research universities. Although such shifts represent significant implications for faculty members, few works address the faculty perspective or experience with this change. In this qualitative, interpretive paper, I discuss how faculty members made sense of their university’s attempt to achieve a more national, more research-focused mission. Using a critical neo-institutional lens, I outline the sources that faculty members relied upon as they defined their university’s transition. From this analysis, I offer practical and theoretical implications.