bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF THE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING ON MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND PROOFING ABILITY IN TERMS OF LEARNING STYLE
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Eryana Ramadani
Published: March 2024

Mathematics is the main foundation at various levels of education so that students need to be equipped with mathematics in order to have the ability to reason, think logically, systematically and critically in dealing with various problems. There are several factors that cause low reasoning abilities in schools, some of which are the use of learning methods or models while in class. An appropriate learning model for students can improve mathematical reasoning and proving abilities. Learning styles which are divided into three, namely visual, auditory and kinesthetic can also be a factor in low reasoning abilities. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the Problem Based Learning model on mathematical reasoning and proof skills, taking into account variations in learning styles. The population in this study were all 8th grade student at SMP Negeri 1 Gatak. The samples taken were two classes taken randomly using simple random sampling technique. This research is a quantitative research with a quasi experiment. The instruments used in this study consisted of a learning style questionnaire, pretest and posttest. The findings from this study are as follows: 1) The use of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model has a significant impact on students' abilities in mathematical reasoning and proof; 2) Learning style has no effect on students' mathematical reasoning and proving abilities; 3) No interaction was detected between learning models and learning styles in influencing students' mathematical reasoning and proving abilities.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bicara Siswa dalam Bahasa Inggris melalui Permainan Snake and Ladder di Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Bonai Darussalam
Authors: Susiani Susiani
Published: March 2024

Pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru selama siklus I dan siklus II menunjukkan performance yang baik. Guru mulai menerapkan metode dan teknik pengajaran yang bervareasi, guru berusaha menstimulus keaktifan dan kekreatifan siswa, guru menyajikan pembelajaran bahasa Inggris secara integral, guru tidak hanya berkomunikasi pada tuntasnya suatu materi pelajaran saja tetapi lebih memperhatikan kemampuan penguasaan yang diperoleh siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada pada aspek kesesuaian merespon dengan instruksi terjadi kenaikan pada tahap I dengan nilai 70 ke 75 pada tahap II dan 85 pada tahap ke III, juga terjadi perubahan yang signifikan pada aspek peran aktif siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yang mengalami peningkatan dari 75 pada tahap I ke 90 pada tahap II dan 100 pada tahap III. Hal ini juga berpengaruh juga pada aspek tanggapan siswa tentang media snake and ladder penguatan dengan pendekatan CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) dengan nilai berturut-turut 90, 95 dan 100 pada tahap II
An Analysis on Students’ Writing Skill Class IX at MTS Darun Na’im
Authors: Helisa  , Masrul
Published: March 2024

This research consists of problems reseseach objective methods reseach findings and coclusions , This reseach focused on students’ ability to write descriptive text  Descriptive text included in the type of text that are not to difficult but still found some difficulties faced by students when writing this eassay, this is the background of reseachers doing this research The purpose of the study is to analyze students’ ability to write descriptive text. In collecting data, reseachers used the writing test as an instrument . This research is a quantitative descriptive study . The components analyzed are idea development ,organizing ideas, grammar , vocabulary , meachanisms , content and punctuation . Reseachers analyzed students’ writing abilities based on five categories : very good , good , sufficient , weak ,lacking and very lacking  This reseach was conducted at MTS Darun Na’im class IX . The results of this study illustrate that students face difficulties in organizing and developing ideas. They are not able to develop ideas on the text they write . Whereas the grammar component found no fundamental difficulties  The vocabulary component also found some difficulties in applying good English vocabulary and still using Indonesian vocabulary . for the punctuation component, no significant errors were found . Based on the result of this study the teacher is advised to pay more attention to the teaching of this study the teacher is advised to pay more attention to the teaching of descriptive text structures in the development of ideas, idea content , organizing , vocabulary , grammar, mechanisms . Teachers are also expected to provide more examples and exercises on descriptive text to students so that educational goals are achieved well, especially in English subjects
The Use of Picture Prompts to Improve Students’ Writing in Descriptive Texts
Authors: Ratnawati
Published: March 2024

This final project is about the use of picture prompts to improve students‘ writing in descriptive texts at the eighth grade students of SMP N 5 Tambusai Utara, Rokan Hulu  in the academic year of 2021. An action research was conducted to find out in what ways picture prompts could improve students‘ writing in descriptive texts. The subject of this research was 31 students of eighth grade students since they got problem in mastering descriptive texts. I used some writing tests, field notes, and questionnaires in collecting the data. In this research I conducted two cycles consisted of cycle one and cycle 2. In cycle one, there were a pre test, three meetings for treatment, and a formative test. In cycle two, there were three meetings for treatment and a post test. The result of the data showed a significant improvement of the students‘ writing. The students‘ writing improved in all writing aspects including grammar, vocabulary, mechanic and relevance. The average results after conducting the research improved; pre test (57.58), formative test (65.00), and post test (81.13). Furthermore, based on questionnaires and field notes, it shows that the implementation of picture prompts made the students‘ behavior changed. They were more interested in writing descriptive texts. The prompts could ease their problem and helped them in revealing the ideas. Therefore, it can be concluded that picture prompts as learning media contributes to the improvement of students‘ writing in descriptive texts.
The Effectiveness of the Combination of Quartet and Dart Games for Teaching Speaking
Authors: Jondriantoni
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the use of the combination of Quartet and Dart games for teaching speaking. The main problem in teaching speaking of English as foreign language is how to stimulate and motivate students to speak. There are some media to teach speaking. This study proposes an alternative way for minimizing some problems that make the students hesitant to speak by using the combination of Quartet and Dart games. Quartet is a card game. There are totally 32 cards divided into 4 theme cards. Every card provides a brief description that will make the students read the description while waiting for the turn. The goal of the game is to collect a set of cards as many as possible. Dart game is an activity that is designed to challenge students to engage with the texts. The students are supposed to speak and to interpret the information carefully based on the Dart game. By using Quartet game, students will be able to speak well. It makes them speak based on the Quartet card. Quartet cards facilitate them with spoken vocabularies, grammar and structure of the text. Therefore, Dart game makes the students ready when they are going to express their ideas based on the instruction of Dart board. The objectives of this research are to find out whether the combination of Quartet and Dart games is effective to teach speaking to Junior High School‟s students and to find out whether the students are able to speak well by using the combination of Quartet and Dart games. The population was the eighth grade students of SMPS Yayasan Johan Sentosa Kabupaten Kampar in the academic year of 2014/2015. The number of population was 312 and sample was 36 students of VIII B for the try-out class and 37 students of VIII A as the experimental class. I used pre-experimental design in this research. When conducting the research, I used oral performance test to collect the data. The study showed that after the students were given treatment by using the combination of Quartet and Dart game, there was an increasing score from the pre- test and the post- test result about 72.86%. The tvalue was 27.69 and t-table was 1.69. Since the t-value is higher than the t-table, it can be concluded that the working hypothesis is accepted. It means that the combination of Quartet and Dart games is effective to improve students‟ speaking skills.
Penerapan Model Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Teks Prosedur (Manual) Peserta Didik Kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 4 Tapung
Authors: Rian Putra
Published: March 2024

Dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi menuntut adanya sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas.. Pada proses mengajar hendaknya guru lebih kreatif dalam memilih metode atau strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan keadaan serta kondisi lingkungan di mana dia mengajar. Pemilihan dan penentuan metode/model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan karakteristik materi yang diajarkan diharapkan akan memudahkan siswa dalam memahami materi tersebut. Dalam hal ini penulis mengambil model pembelajaran discovery learning. Model pembelajaran penemuan (Discovery Learning) adalah memahami konsep, arti, hubungan melalui proses intuitif untuk akhirnya sampai kepada suatu kesimpulan.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran dan meningkatkan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris peserta didik kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 4 Tapung materi teks prosedur melalui model Discovery Learning. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas ( PTK ) dengan menggunakan 2 siklus yaitu siklus I dan siklus II. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPS yang berjumlah 36 orang pada materi teks prosedur semester ganjil 2021/2022. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes.Hasil belajar yang diperoleh pada siklus I adalah  27,77% dan siklus II 67%. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi teks prosedur.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Materi Descriptive Text Bahasa Inggris melalui Metode Mind Mapping Kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Rambah Hilir
Authors: Khairani
Published: March 2024

berdasarkan fakta yang di peroleh dari smp negeri 3 rambah hilir menunjukan rendahnya hasil belajar siswa untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar  siswa peneliti melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas (ptk) untuk mengetahui akar penyebab masalah dari aktifitas belajar kelas x sma negeri 3 rambah hilir. berdasarkan hal tersebut peneliti mencoba melaksanakan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning (pbl) melalui metode mind mapping. Pembelajaran  ini dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengetahui hal- hal apa saja yang terjadi didalam aktifitas belajar siswa dan bagaimana cara meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pelajaran bahasa inggris materi descriptive text dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning (pbl) melalui metode mind mapping dapat berjalan sesuai yang diharapkan. Adapun pelaksanaan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar melalui perbaikan pada siklus 1 dan siklus 2 dengan melakukan desain prosedur perbaikan, pengamatan, teknik analisis data serta melakukan refleksi diri untuk pendidik. dari hasil pengamatan pendidik, menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan anak dalam menggunakan metode problem based learning (pbl) melalui metode mind mapping.
Improving Teacher Talk To Enhance Teacher – Students Interaction (An Action Research at SMP Negeri 1 Bangun Purba)
Authors: Rosmanidar
Published: March 2024

The purposes of the study were to find out the interaction pattern in the classroom during the teaching-learning activity, to find out the effort might be done to improve teacher talk and to know how to enhance teacher-students interaction through improving the teacher talk. An Action Research was conducted with the object of this study was teacher talk delivered by the teacher of SMP N 1 Bangun Purba and the interaction pattern in the teaching-learning activity at the seventh grader students of VII-4. The activity of action research consisted of planning, acting, observing and reflecting. In cycle 1, a discussion about certain material related with the teacher talk and interaction was conducted. The result of interaction in the pre cycle activity was also given in cycle 1. The same activity was conducted in cycle 2, a discussion and interaction analysis of the cycle 1 was delivered to the teacher. Those activities were done outside the classroom. An analysis instrument from Moskowitz named Foreign Language Interaction Analysis (FLINT) was used to analyze the teacher talk and the interaction. An interview and questionnaire were conducted to know the teacher and students opinion of the research. All the collected data was described qualitatively. The report of the research consisted of descriptive of some facts and events occurred during the research. The result of the research showed that the pattern of interaction was mostly started by the teacher and giving information category was the most pattern occurred. The action research phases, the given suggestions and discussion succeeded to improve the teacher talk. The teacher talk was not dominating and the students got more opportunities to interact. It was shown by the decrement of the teacher talk percentage occurred in teaching-learning activity. The teacher talk in pre cycle activity was 66.2%, 64% in cycle 1 and 57.3% in cycle 2. The teacher also succeeded to enhance the interaction in the classroom. The students become more responsive and participate actively in the teaching-learning activity. The enhancement of interaction was shown by the students‘ response. In the pre cycle the students talk achieved 28.3%, 22.5% in cycle 1 and 37.5% in cycle 2. Based on the result above, it can be concluded that the teacher talk had been improved and the interaction showed an enhancement through the students‘ response. Giving reflection to the teacher talk can improve the talk to be better and giving suggestion based on the theory of certain expert can be beneficial input to improve the teacher talk and creating interactive situation in the classroom.
Penerapan Media Audiovisual dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Teks Deskriptif Bahasa Inggris Di Kelas VII SMP
Authors: Maryono Dana
Published: March 2024

Pada siklus I dan siklus II, guru telah menunjukkan kinerja yang positif dalam proses pembelajaran. Guru kini menerapkan metode dan teknik pengajaran yang beragam dan tidak monoton, dengan upaya untuk merangsang keaktifan dan kreativitas siswa. Pembelajaran bahasa Inggris disajikan secara menyeluruh, tidak hanya fokus pada penyampaian materi secara sempurna, melainkan juga memperhatikan penguasaan materi yang diperoleh siswa. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman teks persuasi pada siswa kelas VII SMPN 1 Gunung Sahilan dengan memanfaatkan media audio visual. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan penerapan audio visual, seperti pengetahuan awal mengenai teks yang akan dibaca, tujuan khusus membaca, dan pemahaman informasi yang diperoleh dari bacaan.
Decoding Non-coding Variants: Recent Approaches to Studying Their Role in Gene Regulation and Human Diseases
Authors: Peña-Martínez Edwin G. , Rodríguez-Martínez José A.
Published: March 2024

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped over 90% of disease- and quantitative-trait-associated variants within the non-coding genome. Non-coding regulatory DNA (e.g., promoters and enhancers) and RNA (e.g., 5′ and 3′ UTRs and splice sites) are essential in regulating temporal and tissue-specific gene expressions. Non-coding variants can potentially impact the phenotype of an organism by altering the molecular recognition of the cis-regulatory elements, leading to gene dysregulation. However, determining causality between non-coding variants, gene regulation, and human disease has remained challenging. Experimental and computational methods have been developed to understand the molecular mechanism involved in non-coding variant interference at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This review discusses recent approaches to evaluating disease-associated single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and determines their impact on transcription factor (TF) binding, gene expression, chromatin conformation, post-transcriptional regulation, and translation.
Neuromodulation of Cardiac Ischemic Pain: Role of the Autonomic Nervous System and Vasopressin
Authors: Szczepanska-Sadowska Ewa
Published: March 2024

Cardiac pain is an index of cardiac ischemia that helps the detection of cardiac hypoxia and adjustment of activity in the sufferer. Drivers and thresholds of cardiac pain markedly differ in different subjects and can oscillate in the same individual, showing a distinct circadian rhythmicity and clinical picture. In patients with syndrome X or silent ischemia, cardiac pain intensity may cause neurogenic stress that potentiates the cardiac work and intensifies the cardiac hypoxia and discomfort of the patient. The reasons for individual differences in cardiac pain sensation are not fully understood. Thus far, most attention has been focused on inappropriate regulation of the heart by the autonomic nervous system, autacoids, and cardiovascular hormones. Herein, we summarize evidence showing that the autonomic nervous system regulates cardiac pain sensation in cooperation with vasopressin (AVP). AVP is an essential analgesic compound and it exerts its antinociceptive function through actions in the brain (the periaqueductal gray, caudate nucleus, nucleus raphe magnus), spinal cord, and heart and coronary vessels. Vasopressin acts directly by means of V1 and V2 receptors as well as through multiple interactions with the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular hormones, in particular, angiotensin II and endothelin. The pain regulatory effects of the autonomic nervous system and vasopressin are significantly impaired in cardiovascular diseases.
Compliance with Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy and Early Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Activation in Heart Failure: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Prepolec Ivan , Pašara Vedran , Nekić Andrija , Bogdanić Jakov Emanuel , Putrić Posavec Jurica , Pezo Nikolić Borka , Krpan Miroslav , Matasić Richard , Puljević Mislav , Lovrić Benčić Martina , Puljević Davor , Miličić Davor , de Asmundis Carlo , Chierchia Gian Battista , Mugnai Giacomo , Velagić Vedran
Published: March 2024

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate compliance with guideline-directed optimal medical therapy (OMT) and its association with early implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) activation in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: Retrospective data from 307 patients who underwent ICD implantation for primary prevention from 2011 to 2017 were collected and analyzed. Results: Among the study participants, only 23.8% received the maximum tolerated dose of OMT prior to ICD implantation, with 59.0% receiving all three OMT medication groups. No significant difference in OMT compliance was found between patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and those with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, DCM patients received ICDs more frequently at the time of diagnosis than ICM patients (13.8% vs. 0.7%). Early ICD activation (within 3 months) occurred in only one patient who had not received appropriate OMT, representing 0.7% of all ICM patients. Furthermore, early activation was also infrequent in patients who received OMT (2.9% of ICM patients and 2.6% of DCM patients). Echocardiography follow-up data revealed that 20.4% of ICM patients and 29.8% of DCM patients who did not receive OMT before ICD implantation showed improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) to 35% or more. Conclusions: This study found suboptimal compliance with OMT prior to ICD implantation in HFrEF patients. The results showed that early ICD activation was rare in all patient groups, especially those who did not receive the prescribed 3 months of OMT. More research is needed to investigate longer waiting periods for the evaluation of potential EF improvement, and to better evaluate the eligibility of HFrEF patients for ICD. The current findings have potential implications for clinical practice and patient outcomes.
Invasive Strategy in Octogenarians with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Álvarez-Zaballos Sara , Juárez-Fernández Miriam , Martínez-Sellés Manuel
Published: March 2024

With population aging and the subsequent accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors, a growing proportion of patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are octogenarian (aged between 80 and 89). The marked heterogeneity of this population is due to several factors like age, comorbidities, frailty, and other geriatric conditions. All these variables have a strong impact on outcomes. In addition, a high prevalence of multivessel disease, complex coronary anatomies, and peripheral arterial disease, increases the risk of invasive procedures in these patients. In advanced age, the type and duration of antithrombotic therapy need to be individualized according to bleeding risk. Although an invasive strategy for non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is recommended for the general population, its need is not so clear in octogenarians. For instance, although frail patients could benefit from revascularization, their higher risk of complications might change the risk/benefit ratio. Age alone should not be the main factor to consider when deciding the type of strategy. The risk of futility needs to be taken into account and identification of risk factors for adverse outcomes, such as renal impairment, could help in the decision-making process. Finally, an initially selected conservative strategy should be open to a change to invasive management depending on the clinical course (recurrent angina, ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure). Further evidence, ideally from prospective randomized clinical trials is urgent, as the population keeps growing.
“Anti-Bernstein”: criticism of foreign cultural approaches to the research of the history of the Komsomol
Authors: Gorin Sergey , Shmatov Mikhail
Published: March 2024

BERNSTEIN S. Raised under Stalin: Komsomol members and the defense of socialism. M. Political Encyclopedia. 2018. 302 p. (History of Stalinism).
A Comparative Analysis of the Translation Styles in Chinese Versions of The Wealth of Nations based on the Adaptation Theory: A Corpus-based Statistical Examination
Authors: Zhou Jiaxue , Chen Yingxin , Hong Jiayu , Xu Xiangdong , Li Shumin
Published: March 2024

With the rapid iteration of information technology, information is digitized, translations continue to emerge, and the heat of translation research has reached its peak. Based on corpus statistics and analysis, this study selects two Chinese translations of The Wealth of Nations (Guo Da Li's translation and Xie Zong Lin's translation) as the research object from the perspective of adaptation theory and analyzes the translation styles of their translations from the levels of vocabulary, translation method, and discourse. Through a comparative study of the two translations, Xie Zonglin's translation is more inclined toward the Italian translation method, with rich vocabulary, strong readability, and flexible use of sentence expression, while Guo Dali's translation is more inclined toward the direct translation method, with a complete sentence structure and a strong sense of hierarchy. At the same time, it was found that all translations were labeled with their respective times. The translations of Guo Dali and Xie Zonglin are no exception; specifically, they conform to the context, language structure, and translation strategies. This study aimed to provide lessons for corpus translation research.
Influencers in Tourism Digital Marketing: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Iswanto Dedy , Handriana Tanti , Nazwin Asfarony Hendra , Sangadji Suwandi S.
Published: March 2024

Almost all business sectors in various developed and developing countries have realized the importance of transforming conventional marketing to digital marketing, the goal is to increase sales. Many marketing strategies can be applied to increase sales, including utilizing influencers in digital marketing. This study aims to identify digital marketing strategies that have been widely used by researchers in various countries and look for new models or new strategies that are relevant to be applied in developing countries after COVID-19 through a systematic literature review. The author searched for scientific articles on the Scopus database that were in English and fully accessible. This research reviewed 19 articles using a systematic literature review. The results showed that the majority of related research was published in 2018-2022, ten related articles were published in 2022 with three articles published in Spain. All authors proposed various variables, but generally conventional in digital marketing, while not many authors concentrated on the utilization of influencers in carrying out digital marketing. Therefore, this research offers a digital marketing strategy combined with the role of influencers in tourist destinations that have a competitive advantage.
Navigating FRET Imaging Techniques for Biosensor Applications
Authors: Coucke Quinten , Vorsselmans Sarah , Aytekin Samet , Huysecom Steven , Hofkens Johan , Hendrix Jelle , Rocha Susana
Published: March 2024

This tutorial paper is designed for biologists and bioscientists who want to integrate Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) in their research. It provides a bird’s eye view of the current FRET landscape, covering the factors that determine its occurrence and its effect on both the donor and acceptor fluorescence signal. This tutorial also provides practical guidance on the various methods used to measure the FRET phenomenon, including intensity-based FRET techniques, such as acceptor photobleaching and ratiometric FRET, as well as FLIM-based techniques, including fitting strategies and the phasor approach. Each technique is discussed in terms of its advantages and disadvantages, equipping researchers with the knowledge to select the most suitable approach for their objectives. Additionally, we present an overview for multiplexed FRET imaging and discuss its current potential and availability. The software packages available for analyzing FRET are also presented. This tutorial concludes with a discussion on the future of FRET experiments and the importance of improved hardware to support FRET biosensor readouts. Through this paper, biologists and bioscientists will gain a comprehensive understanding of FRET, its underlying principles, and the different techniques available for its quantification. Practical insights are shared to navigate the common obstacles and nuances of experimental design. This knowledge will facilitate the effective incorporation of FRET-based sensors into their research.
Pathways to adolescent social anxiety: Testing interactions between neural social reward function and perceived social threat in daily life
Authors: Sequeira Stefanie , Silk Jennifer Susan , Jones Neil , Forbes Erika , Hanson Jamie Lars , Hallion Lauren S. , Ladouceur Cecile D.
Published: March 2024

Recent theories suggest that for youth highly sensitive to incentives, perceiving more social threat may contribute to social anxiety (SA) symptoms. In 129 girls (ages 11-13) oversampled for shy/fearful temperament, we thus examined how interactions between neural responses to social reward (vs. neutral) cues (measured during anticipation of peer feedback) and perceived social threat in daily peer interactions (measured using ecological momentary assessment) predict SA symptoms two years later. No significant interactions emerged when neural reward function was modeled as a latent factor. Secondary analyses showed that higher perceived social threat was associated with more severe SA symptoms two years later only for girls with higher basolateral amygdala (BLA) activation to social reward cues at baseline. Interaction effects were specific to BLA activation to social reward (not threat) cues, though a main effect of BLA activation to social threat (vs. neutral) cues on SA emerged. Unexpectedly, interactions between social threat and BLA activation to social reward cues also predicted generalized anxiety and depression symptoms two years later, suggesting possible transdiagnostic risk pathways. Perceiving high social threat may be particularly detrimental for youth highly sensitive to reward incentives, potentially due to mediating reward learning processes, though this remains to be tested.
Positive expressive writing interventions, subjective health and wellbeing in non-clinical populations: A systematic review
Authors: Hoult Lauren , Smith Michael A. , Wetherell Mark , Edginton Trudi
Published: March 2024

Background: Positive expressive writing has been increasingly researched over the past two decades due to its potential to serve as a low-intensity psychological self-help intervention. However, studies are heterogeneous in their methodologies and the health outcomes targeted, and it is unclear which health outcomes are most reliably benefited by positive writing techniques This systematic review aimed to determine the optimal conditions under which positive expressive writing interventions benefit subjective physical and psychological wellbeing in non-clinical populations. Method: A systematic search was conducted across four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ProQuest: APA PsychArticles) identifying peer-reviewed articles written in the English language from 1930 to August 2023. A total of 51 studies were identified and included seven different positive writing techniques: best possible self, positive experiences, gratitude, benefit finding, satisfaction processes, three good things and resource diary. Results: Most consistent benefits were found for positive wellbeing outcomes (e.g., optimism, happiness) whereas less consistent effects were reported for studies investigating negative health symptom outcomes (e.g., stress, anxiety). Best possible self and gratitude interventions revealed most consistent benefits. Several moderators were identified indicating that benefits may depend on individual differences relating to wellbeing, emotional and social factors. Conclusions: While reasonably consistent benefits of positive expressive writing were observed for positive wellbeing outcomes, the quality of all studies included in the review was assessed to be poor or fair. Thus, it is clear that more rigorous methods, including intention-to-treat analyses and robust reporting of methods and findings are needed. Future work should also aim to replicate the moderation effects reported in the present review, to enable a better understanding of the individual differences which influence the efficacy of positive expressive writing effects.
The Bell Curve at 30: A Closer Look at the Within- and Between-Group IQ Genetic Evidence
Authors: Joseph Jay , Richardson Ken
Published: March 2024

The year 2024 marks 30 years since the publication of The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray. The book created a storm of controversy after its 1994 publication, including its authors’ claim that it is “highly likely…that both genes and the environment have something to do with racial differences” in mean IQ scores between U.S. Whites and Blacks (African Americans). In this review, we evaluate not only Herrnstein and Murray’s ethnic-differences claims, but also the evidence they cited in support of “substantial” within-group IQ heritability (now in conflict with recent modest molecular genetic results). We show that the “twins reared apart” (TRA) studies supplying what the authors called the “most unambiguous direct estimates” of IQ heritability contain numerous biases, and that the results of the “most modern” TRA IQ study were based on omitted control group data, a reliance on false assumptions, and other “questionable research practices.” We then describe the major problems, biases, and unsupported assumptions found in IQ family, reared-together twin, and adoption studies while calling into question the validity of long-disputed concepts such as “heritability,” “IQ,” and “race.” Like many previous reviewers, we conclude that Herrnstein and Murray presented no valid evidence in support of genetic causes of between-ethnic-group or social-class IQ score differences. In addition, unlike most previous reviewers, we conclude that they produced no valid evidence that genes influence IQ score differences within groups. As in 1994, the authors’ social and political policy recommendations should be rejected because, among other reasons, they are based on faulty research coming increasingly to light in science’s replication crisis.
ZigBee技术与神经网络算法在路灯控制系统中的应用
Authors: Zhang Qian
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces a street lamp control system based on zigbee technology and neural network algorithm. Street lamp control system consists of microcontrollers, sensors, displays, buttons, ZigBee, street lights. This paper mainly introduces the microcontroller as the core of the control street lamp, and uses various sensors and ZigBee to control the switch of the street lamp in different time, different weather and different road conditions to improve the energy saving of the street lamp. It also introduces how to use the neural network algorithm to realize the feasibility of the multi-function of the street lamp and the realization method. Neural network algorithm is used to expand the function, to achieve license plate number recognition function. For the street lamp system in the future management and development to provide guidance and more divergent new ideas.
Unveiling Humility as an Influential Virtue
Authors: Sharma Lok Raj
Published: March 2024

Humility is the quality or condition of having a modest opinion and a candid acknowledgement of one's own and others' strengths and weaknesses. A rudimentary objective of this article is to unveil humility as an influential virtue in various aspects of human interaction and societal dynamics through overviewing secondary qualitative data garnered from books, journal articles and web documents published between 1967 and 2021. Although historical perceptions hold humility as a passive or subservient trait, it emerges as a robust force capable of fostering meaningful connections, enhancing leadership effectiveness, and promoting overall well-being. The research employs a thematic analysis under a qualitative research design, drawing on insights from psychology, philosophy, and religions to unravel the subtle impact of humility on our day-to-day lives. The research findings indicate humility as a virtue that contributes to the establishment of trust, collaboration, and positive social dynamics, thereby influencing the overall structure of communities and organizations. This article is significant as it makes readers recognize the strength of humility that contributes not only to personal development but also to the cultivation of healthier, more collaborative, and more resilient societies.
Examining the Societal Impact on Women Involved in Income Generation
Authors: Karki Sabita
Published: March 2024

Nepal has taken significant steps towards gender equality in recent years and has a relatively high percentage of women participating in the labor force. However, a study has found that a large number of economically active women in Nepal do not have access to economic resources, with three-quarters of the unpaid family labor force being women. This study aims to examine how societal factors influence women’s participation on income-generating activities and identify with a sample of 50 women selected from Kathmandu valley through a convenience sampling technique. The data were collected through survey methods using questionnaires. Data analysis was done using "SPSS" and Ms-Excel software, with correlation and regression analyses being conducted to determine the relationship between variables and the percentage change in one variable due to the change in another variable. The study concludes that societal factors have a positive impact on women’s involvement in income-generating activities in the Kathmandu area. The R and R square were .83 and .68, respectively. The research offers insights into the transformation of societal attitudes and norms. It enriches the academic discourse by supplying empirical data on how societal influences affect women’s economic engagement, contextualized within a distinct cultural and geographical setting.
EFFECT OF ADDING RED AND YELLOW PIGMENTS TO GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Authors: Abdul Rahim Ghadban Rusul , Ali Abdulrehman Mohammed
Published: March 2024

This study examined the feasibility of producing colored geopolymer concrete using slag as the binder and investigated the effects of pigment on various properties of geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer concrete was supplemented with two varieties of pigment, namely iron oxide hydroxide in the shades of "red" and "yellow", then the following tests of compressive strength, rebound number, density, and ultrasonic pulse velocity were carried out on it. The highest compressive strength value was achieved when adding 1% of pigments, which increased the red and yellow values from the reference value by 2.7 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively. The best rebound number values can be obtained by adding 1% yellow and 3% red, which increased the red and yellow values from the reference value by 8% and 15%, respectively. The density increases as the proportion of the additional pigment rises. The maximum density values were achieved by incorporating 1% of red and yellow pigment, with a respective increase of 1% and 3% for red and yellow. The highest values of ultrasonic pulse velocity when adding 1% of yellow and red color pigments increased by 1.7% for yellow and 2% for red. The optimal addition is 1.2% as it enhances properties and reduces expenses when utilizing smaller pigments.
Consumers’ Perception of Impact of Perceived risk on their Online Purchase Intention of Consumer Durable Goods
Authors: Sangwan Anamika
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper is study a significant issue of how consumers perceive risk especially when it comes to purchasing consumer durable items online in India. Methodology– Data is collected from 250 respondents through survey questionnaire and analyzed through implementation of SEM. Findings – Findings indicate there are two impact risk factors namely, product risk and financial risk which impact the online purchase intention of consumer. Practical Implication- This research can be of great importance to marketers and retailers for developing valuable strategies to attract and retain consumers online. Research limitation –There could be other risk factors which yet to be explored; study can be focused on one particular region and some particular product category for better results. Originality/Value – The paper attempts to provide a predictive model for online buying behavior of consumer for consumer durable goods.
РЕФОРМА РАДИ БЕЗПЕКИ ООН: ХРОНОЛОГІЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Буряченко Олексій
Published: March 2024

Стаття присвячена питанням реформування Ради Безпеки ООН та пошуку нових дієвих інструментів безпекової стабільності, що набуло актуальності у період глибокої геополітичної турбулентності. Це дослідження та аналіз положень, аналітичних звітів, документів (Робочої групи відкритого складу для розгляду всіх аспектів питання щодо розширення членського складу Ради Безпеки та інших питань, що стосуються Ради Безпеки; міжурядових переговорів; дебатів щодо реформи Ради Безпеки, доповідей Генеральних Секретарів ООН по реформі Ради Безпеки (Бутрос Бутрос-Галі; Кофі Аннан), запропонованих шляхів та моделей країнами-членами ООН), а також, міжнародних угод, законодавчих актів. Зважаючи на нинішню геополітичну ситуацію (яка склалася внаслідок порушення постійним членом Ради Безпеки ООН Російською Федерацією положень Статуту ООН і всіх можливих норм міжнародного права), відтак на запуск ланцюжкової реакції порушення архітектури світової безпеки, автор робить висновок, що перспективи реформи Ради Безпеки ООН сьогодні є досить примарними. Акцентується на важливості проведення наукових досліджень та напрацювання нових концептуальних моделей, які змогли б сприяти формуванню нової глобальної ефективної системи, яка забезпечить світову безпекову рівновагу між світовими акторами та буде відповідати викликам і загрозам нового світового порядку.

Ключові слова:
(НЕ)ГІБРИДНА ВІЙНА: ПОЛІТИЧНІ, ІДЕОЛОГІЧНІ, ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ВИМІРИ
Authors: Волянюк Ольга , Дроздюк Ярослав
Published: March 2024

Запропонований аналіз суперечливого та поширеного концепту «гібридна війна». Термін розглядається у різних значеннях: як засіб пропаганди, як частина політичної та військової лексики, як інструмент і предмет політичної аналітики. Осмислюється, чи відображає це поняття реалії російсько-української війни, а також сучасні можливості наукових досліджень. Також йдеться про розгортання конкретних вимірів (не)гібридної війни, зокрема політичних, ідеологічних та інформаційних. Показано, що ці три виміри часто пов’язані між собою, маніпулятивні та неконтрольовані, задавнені та розмиті, що відповідає російській стратегії поширення хаосу в світі. Дослідження здійснюється на основі аналізу наукових праць, політичних заяв, оцінок військових, нормативних документів. Стаття має оглядовий характер, побудована на контраверсії: 1) термін «гібридна війна» повсякчас потребує уточнень і нерідко відповідей на етичні питання; 2) концепт «(не)гібридна війна» також не є універсальним, але відкриває простір для інтелектуальних дискусій. Стаття побудована на принципах об’єктивності, історизму, зі залученням елементів діалектики, політичної компаративістики, кросдисциплінарного і системного підходів. Теоретично-прикладні пошуки у цій темі важливі не лише з позицій політико-філософського дискурсу, але як стратегія перемоги та встановлення стійкого миру, політичної стабільності, демократичного розвитку в Україні та світі загалом.
The Role of UK Communities and Leadership in Tackling Female Genital Mutilation
Authors: Minasari Arofah , Pusparini Patricia Gita
Published: March 2024

Female Genital Mutilation is the act of removing part or all of a woman's external genitalia, including the act of injuring a woman's genitals without medical reasons. It is estimated that more than 200 million women have undergone Female Genital Mutilation procedures. This is an international problem and concern. The practice of Female Genital Mutilation in England emerged due to the arrival of immigrants who brought this culture. The efforts made by the British government in dealing with Female Genital Mutilation are by enforcing the law in the form of creating anti-Female Genital Mutilation laws and educating the public through campaigns and community empowerment. This research was created to try to see the role of British communities and leadership in dealing with Female Genital Mutilation using comparative feminist political theory and the concept of women's rights. This research will use a qualitative descriptive research methodology. The results of this research are in the form of political policy analysis using four approaches, namely gender; policy; and welfare states, state feminism, policy implementation and making, women's movements. As well as the emergence of obstacles in handling efforts which are influenced by various factors.
Men Who Shout at Goats
Authors: Burger Tim
Published: March 2024

Across many world regions, the informal slaughter of livestock occupies an important place in rural day-to-day realities. This article examines killing goats on São Jorge Island to show how attention to slaughter enhances our understanding of gendered selfhood, human–animal relations, and the impacts of depopulation. Building on ethnography of smallholder farmers who see their masculinity and livelihoods endangered by demographic decline, I argue that their idea of agrarian cultivation underwrites verbal hostility against animals. Male farmers’ concept of cultivation, here conceived as productive order-making between a threatening ‘natural’ and a desirable ‘domestic’ domain, is hence an ambivalent moral idiom. In moments of slaughter, the frustration about the difficulties of cultivation is expressed as men deriding goats to salvage a desired image of manhood and competence.
Cross-country analysis of digital content marketing in tourism
Authors: Bayraktar Fetine
Published: March 2024

The main purpose of the paper is to evaluate the implications of DCM on the tourism market, specifically in different touristic regions. DCM is a digital inbound marketing strategy that aims to attract potential customers by producing innovative content and increasing their knowledge about services. The studies analyze the applications and outcomes of DCM strategies in the tourism market, highlighting the importance of digital marketing innovations for improving revenue in the sector. The study is based on a literature review of DCM in the tourism industry, using scientific articles from 2008 to 2023. The paper summarizes articles from selected journals to provide an overview of DCM in general. The research emphasizes the need for a cultural change in marketing approaches, shifting from "selling" to "helping" and utilizing social and electronic word of mouth in DCM. The papers provide theoretical and practical information for academics and businesses in the tourism industry, offering insights into the benefits and challenges of implementing DCM strategies. The studies also suggest the need for further research into digital content marketing, particularly in the context of B2B businesses.
STATE OF THE XENOBIOTICS BIOTRANSFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE LIVER MICROSOMAL FRACTION OF RATS UNDER THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM BENZOATE AND ASCORBIC ACID
Authors: Ketsa O. , Marchenko M.
Published: March 2024

The combined effect of food preservatives – sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid on the state of monooxygenase system (MOS) components in the microsomal fraction of rat liver cells are studied in the paper. Changes in the level of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5, as well as the rate of reduction-oxidation of these hemoproteins in the microsomal fraction of the rat liver under conditions of administration of sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid were studied.
During the experiment, rats were divided into four groups: group I – control (intact animals); group II – rats that were injected with ascorbic acid at a dose of 30 mg per kg of animal weight; group III – rats that were injected with sodium benzoate at a dose of 750 mg per kg of animal weight; group IV – rats that were injected with sodium benzoate 30 minutes before the introduction of ascorbic acid. Sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid were administered per os daily for 21 days. Animals were euthanized under light ether anesthesia on the 21st day after the start of administration of sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid.
It was established that the three-week introduction of sodium benzoate into the body of animals leads to a decrease in the level of cytochrome P450, which occurs due to an increase in the rate of transition of cytochrome P450 into its inactive form P420. It was shown that along with the decrease in cytochrome P450 in the microsomal fraction of the liver, the level of cytochrome b5 decreases with a simultaneous increase in the rate of reduction and oxidation of this hemoprotein. Sodium benzoate exhibits a higher destructive effect when it is combined with ascorbic acid, which is expressed by a decrease in the level of MOS hemoproteins and may be a consequence of dangerous metabolites formation in the body - benzoic acid and benzene.