bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation-Induced DNA Damage in Operators Performing Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: El-Sayed Tamer , Patel Ashish S. , Cho Jun S. , Kelly James A. , Ludwinski Francesca E. , Saha Prakash , Lyons Oliver T. , Smith Alberto , Modarai Bijan , Tyrrell M , Gkoutzios P , Abisi S , Black S , Zayed H , Bell RE , Sallam M , Biasi L , Patel SD , Donati T , Dialynas M , Sandford B , Redwood S , Perera S , Pavlidis A , Prendergast B , Gill J
Published: October 2017

Background:

Radiation exposure during fluoroscopically guided interventions such as endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is a growing concern for operators. This study aimed to measure DNA damage/repair markers in operators perfoming EVAR.

Methods:

Expression of the DNA damage/repair marker, γ-H2AX and DNA damage response marker, phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (pATM), were quantified in circulating lymphocytes in operators during the peri-operative period of endovascular (infrarenal, branched, and fenestrated) and open aortic repair using flow cytometry. These markers were separately measured in the same operators but this time wearing leg lead shielding in addition to upper body protection and compared with those operating with unprotected legs. Susceptibility to radiation damage was determined by irradiating operators’ blood in vitro.

Results:

γ-H2AX and pATM levels increased significantly in operators immediately after branched endovascular aortic repair/fenestrated endovascular aortic repair (
P
<0.0003 for both). Only pATM levels increased after infrarenal endovascular aortic repair (
P
<0.04). Expression of both markers fell to baseline in operators after 24 hours (
P
<0.003 for both). There was no change in γ-H2AX or pATM expression after open repair. Leg protection abrogated γ-H2AX and pATM response after branched endovascular aortic repair/fenestrated endovascular aortic repair. The expression of γ-H2AX varied significantly when operators’ blood was exposed to the same radiation dose in vitro (
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:

This is the first study to detect an acute DNA damage response in operators performing fluoroscopically guided aortic procedures and highlights the protective effect of leg shielding. Defining the relationship between this response and cancer risk may better inform safe levels of chronic low-dose radiation exposure.
Management of Persistent Angina After Myocardial Infarction Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the TRANSLATE‐ACS Study
Authors: Fanaroff Alexander C. , Kaltenbach Lisa A. , Peterson Eric D. , Hess Connie N. , Cohen David J. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Wang Tracy Y.
Published: October 2017

Background

Angina has important implications for patients’ quality of life and healthcare utilization. Angina management after acute myocardial infarction (
MI
) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown.

Methods and Results

TRANSLATE
‐
ACS
(Treatment With Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events After Acute Coronary Syndrome) was a longitudinal study of
MI
patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention at 233
US
hospitals from 2010 to 2012. Among patients with self‐reported angina at 6 weeks post‐
MI
, we described patterns of angina and antianginal medication use through 1 year postdischarge. Of 10 870 percutaneous coronary intervention–treated
MI
patients, 3190 (29.3%) reported angina symptoms at 6 weeks post‐
MI
; of these, 658 (20.6%) had daily/weekly angina while 2532 (79.4%) had monthly angina. Among patients with 6‐week angina, 2936 (92.0%) received β‐blockers during the 1 year post‐
MI
, yet only 743 (23.3%) were treated with other antianginal medications. At 1 year, 1056 patients (33.1%) with 6‐week angina reported persistent angina symptoms. Of these, only 31.2% had been prescribed non–β‐blocker antianginal medications at any time in the past year. Among patients undergoing revascularization during follow‐up, only 25.9% were on ≥1 non–β‐blocker anti‐anginal medication at the time of the procedure.

Conclusions

Angina is present in one third of percutaneous coronary intervention–treated
MI
patients as early as 6 weeks after discharge, and many of these patients have persistent angina at 1 year. Non–β‐blocker antianginal medications are infrequently used in these patients, even among those with persistent angina and those undergoing revascularization.
Remind-Me Presuppositions and Speech-Act Decomposition: Evidence from Particles in Questions
Authors: Sauerland Uli , Yatsushiro Kazuko
Published: October 2017

In this article, we investigate questions like What is your name again?, which presuppose that the answer was already made common-ground knowledge in the past ( Sauerland 2006 ). We call this a remind-me presupposition. While repetitive particles can trigger a remind-me presupposition in German and English, Japanese uses a specialized particle kke to bring about such a presupposition. We argue for an account of remind-me presuppositions based on syntactic decomposition of the question speech-act into an imperative part and a make-it-known part. On this account, the repetitive particles take scope between the two parts of the decomposed question speech-act. The proposal correctly predicts how both particles interact syntactically with the periphery of the clause in slightly different ways. The interaction with polar questions corroborates our proposal that the decomposed question speech-act parts are syntactically projected parts of the question structure. Our data therefore corroborate a syntactic representation of aspects of speech-acts.
The Activity Condition as a Microparameter
Authors: Oxford Will
Published: October 2017

Using data from agreement in three Algonquian languages (Ojibwe, Cheyenne, and Plains Cree), this squib shows that effects typically attributed to Chomsky’s ( 2000 , 2001 ) Activity Condition (AC) can vary not only across languages, as in Baker’s (2008b) macroparametric proposal, but within a language as well. AC effects are thus another instance in which an apparent macroparameter turns out, on closer inspection, to be a microparameter instead, as in prominent cases such as the pro-drop parameter and the polysynthesis parameter ( Kayne 2005 , Baker 2008a ).
The Principles of Hadith Criticism in the Writings of al-Shāfiʿī and Muslim
Authors: Abu-Alabbas Belal
Published: October 2017

Modern research by Muslim and early European scholars takes it for granted that Hadith criticism as documented by classical textbooks of muṣṭalaḥ al-ḥadīth represents how early Hadith criticism worked. In this essay I examine the standards of Hadith criticism established by two prominent scholars whose writings are the earliest known extant works on the theories of Hadith criticism, Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī (d. 204/820) and Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj al-Naysābūrī (d. 261/875). In doing so, I determine the extent to which Hadith criticism as defined by Muslim is consistent with the system outlined by al-Shāfiʿī. A comparison of their works reveals that there is little difference between al-Shāfiʿī and Muslim on the principles of Hadith criticism, despite differences in their respective frameworks and agendas. Early Hadith critics appear to have adhered to a consistent system of criticism that likely developed in the generation before al-Shāfiʿī.
Before the Eternal: Muslim Law and the Eternity of Divine Speech
Authors: Eissa Mohamed Ahmed Abdelrahman
Published: October 2017

This essay examines the interconnections between the theological controversy around the eternity of the Qurʾān and the legal theory debate on the normative categorization of human actions before the advent of divine revelation (ḥukm al-ashyāʾ qabla wurūd al-sharʿ). Prior to the sixth/twelfth century, legal theoreticians and theologians rarely connected the two debates. Early in this century, they started to argue that a scholar’s position on the ‘eternity of divine speech’ should inform his position on the ‘before revelation’ question. I trace the changing relationship between the two debates and use my examination to better understand the nature of the relationship between speculative theology and legal theory.
Algeria’s GIA: The First Major Armed Group to Fully Subordinate Jihadism to Salafism
Authors: Thurston Alexander
Published: October 2017

In the mid-1990s, the world’s most successful jihadi group – the group that came closest to overthrowing an Arab regime – was Algeria’s Groupe islamique armé (Armed Islamic Group, GIA). Here I argue that the GIA was the first major armed group to prioritize adherence to Salafi theology over the jihadi strategic objective of building a “big tent.” The GIA used the vocabulary of Salafism to justify killing rivals and would-be allies and eventually turned against the Algerian population itself. In part one, I re-read GIA sources, particularly the group’s London-based newsletter Al-Anṣār, to show how the GIA sidelined potential allies in the name of purity. In parts two and three, I examine the effects of this approach. Through analysis of counter-texts by the GIA’s ideological and theological rivals, I demonstrate how their rejection of the GIA sharpened disagreements about what it meant to be a Salafi-jihadi.
A new species of Moraria (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) from groundwaters of Germany, including a key for the identification of the species of the Western Palaearctic Region
Authors: Gaviria Santiago , Defaye Danielle
Published: October 2017

A new species of Moraria collected from interstitial waters of southern Germany is described. The new species Moraria glitzae n. sp. can be differentiated from other members of the genus by a combination of morphological traits related to the shape of the anal operculum, the armature of leg 4 and the ornamentation of the urosome in both sexes. Males of M. glitzae n. sp. have a typical number of armature elements on the endopods of legs 2 to 4, some of which with unique morphology. Females can be distinguished from those of other species of the genus by the number of antennular segments, the number of setae on the exopod of the antenna and the mandibular palp, the armature of legs 1, 3 and 4, and the size and armature of leg 5. The relationship of the new species to closely related species, viz., M. catalana, M. jana, M. stankovitchi and M. varica is discussed. The morphological differences to other species inhabiting groundwaters and epigean habitats of the region, viz., M. alpina, M. brevipes, M. fontinalis, M. mrazeki mrazeki, M. mrazeki macedonica, M. pectinata, M. poppei and M. radovnae are presented. A distribution map of the Moraria species known from Germany and a dichotomous identification key of the 20 species from the Western Palaearctic Region are provided.
First account on deep-sea stalked barnacles from the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic), with an updated checklist of the Cirripedia, Thoracica and their hosts in the area
Authors: González José A. , Shalaeva Kate , Martín-García Laura , Lorenzo José M. , Southward Alan J.
Published: October 2017

New information on deep-water Cirripedia obtained during project surveys and experimental cruises in the Canary Islands region (NE Atlantic) have been analysed and collated with literature data. This annotated checklist includes 32 species of the Cirripedia Thoracica; four of them are recorded for the first time from the Canaries: Poecilasma aurantia, Poecilasma crassa, Heteralepas microstoma and Aurivillialepas falcata. Information on the barnacles’ animal hosts in the area is also updated and compiled for the first time.
Female reproductive status affecting chimney characteristics and time allocation for surface activities in Uca rosea (Tweedie, 1937) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae)
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej , Keeratipattarakarn Kanitta
Published: October 2017

We examined the effects of female reproductive status (ovigerous and non-ovigerous) on chimney characteristics and time allocation for surface activities in Uca rosea (Tweedie, 1937) (currently referred to as Tubuca rosea (Tweedie, 1937)). We investigated time spent on feeding, standing, in burrow, surface mating, walking, grooming, and digging of 13 ovigerous and 20 non-ovigerous females of similar-size and measured the diameter, width, and height of their chimneys. Chimneys of ovigerous females were wider and higher than those of non-ovigerous females, but chimney diameters did not differ. Ovigerous females spent less time on feeding and walking, but more time on standing, inside burrows, and mating than non-ovigerous females. Feeding rate/min did not differ between ovigerous and non-ovigerous females. This study reports, for the first time, that reproductive status of females affects chimney characteristics and time allocation for surface activities in U. rosea.
Two new lysianassoid amphipods of the genus Orchomenella (Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea, Lysianassidae, Tryphosinae) from South Korea
Authors: Jung Tae Won , Yi Chang Ho , Coleman Charles Oliver , Yoon Seong Myeong
Published: October 2017

Two new species of the genus Orchomenella G. O. Sars, 1890 from South Korea are described here in detail. Orchomenella paucisetigera sp. nov. is characterized by an irregular and serrated palmar margin of gnathopod 1, non-serrated posterior margins of pleonal epimera 2-3, a more produced posteroventral corner of pleonal epimeron 3, and scarcely setose uropods 1-2. Orchomenella rugosa sp. nov. is easily discriminated from other congeners by its proximally slender basis and irregular palmar margin of gnathopod 1, marginal wrinkles ventrally of coxa 4, and the serrations and shapes of pleonal epimera and urosomite 1.
Democratic Theory and Constitutional Design: Hearing Persistent Electoral Minorities
Authors: Hobbs Harry
Published: October 2017

Questions of constitutional design, that is, of structuring the political relationship between dominant and non-dominant communities, are recurrent across the globe. While the particular issues faced by each state are distinct, at their root lies a common problem: how should legal and political institutions and processes be designed to provide minority groups or peoples with the capacity to have their interests heard in the processes of government? In this article, I explore how democratic theory conceives of, and answers, this fundamental question.
Begonia glutinosa, a new synonym of Begonia wallichiana (Begoniaceae) with additional notes on this species
Authors: RADBOUCHOOM SIRILAK , CHEN WEN-HONG , SHUI YU-MIN
Published: October 2017

Based on examination of type specimens and publications, we confirmed that Begonia glutinosa Kiew from Vietnam is conspecific to B. wallichiana Lehm. Thus, we combined B. glutinosa as a new synonym of B. wallichiana Lehm.. As to B. wallichiana, the complicated history of taxonomic revision and botanic nomenclature is discussed here.
A new species of Neopronematus and a re-description of Pronematus rykei Meyer & Rodrigues (Acari: Iolinidae) from Iran
Authors: AHMAD-HOSSEINI MOHAMMAD , KHANJANI MOHAMMAD , KARAMIAN ROYA
Published: October 2017

Neopronematus iranensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated and the female and male of Pronematus rykei (Meyer & Rodrigues, 1966) are re-described and reported for the first time from Iran. These species were collected from walnut leaves infested by leaf blister mite, Aceria tristriatus, (Nalepa, 1890), in Hamedan and Lorestan provinces, Iran. Furthermore, a key to all known species of Neopronematus is provided.
Tropiorhynchus annandalei (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), a new species from Maharashtra, India
Authors: GUPTA DEVANSHU , CHANDRA KAILASH
Published: October 2017

Tropiorhynchus annandalei new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anomalini: Anisopliina) from Bhimshankar Wildlife Sanctuary, Pune district, Maharashtra State, India is described, diagnosed, and illustrated. The new species is compared with all its congeners: Tropiorhynchus orientis (Newman, 1838), T. podagricus (Burmeister, 1844), and T. umbrinus Machatschke, 1954. The newly described species differs from all its congeners by the unique structure of aedeagus, sculpturing of pronotum, medially smooth pygidial surface, and elytral markings. An illustrated key to the species of the genus Tropiorhynchus Blanchard, 1851 is also provided.
Investigating the effectiveness of webinars in the adoption of proven school wellness strategies
Authors: Hoke Alicia M , Francis Erica B , Hivner Elizabeth A , Lipsett Simpson Alison J , Hogentogler R Ellen , Kraschnewski Jennifer L
Published: October 2017

Objective:

Recent federal legislation in the USA highlights the role schools play in student health by requiring the utilisation of wellness councils for policy development and oversight. One barrier to developing good-quality wellness policies and wellness culture is limited knowledge of resources among school professionals. This article describes an approach to webinar delivery to improve school wellness efforts.

Design:

Eight webinars, 30–60 minutes in length, were delivered on topics designed to enhance school wellness environments.

Setting:

Webinars were delivered using an online meeting software platform to school professionals, who participated from their respective school buildings remotely.

Method:

Webinars featured content experts for the selected topics and were promoted to school professionals and wellness organisations. Attendees were invited to participate in a post-webinar questionnaire regarding satisfaction with the session and intent to act on knowledge gained from participation.

Results:

Webinars reached 280 school and wellness professionals (teachers, administrators, nurses, etc.). Participants who completed post-webinar surveys ( n = 78) rated the webinar’s ability to enhance their knowledge in the respective topic area with an average score of 4.3 out of 5.0 (1 = poor, 5 = excellent). Most respondents ( n = 69) intended to share the information gained with a colleague.

Conclusion:

Webinars provide a viable method of instruction and education for school personnel interested in strategies for improving a school’s wellness environment. Further investigation is necessary to determine the best strategies for promoting webinar engagement. Future research should also explore the link between webinar participation and positive changes in school wellness environments.
Influence of process parameters on the tensile properties of DREF-3000 friction spun hybrid yarns consisting of waste staple carbon fiber for thermoplastic composites
Authors: Badrul Hasan Mir Mohammad , Nitsche Stefanie , Abdkader Anwar , Cherif Chokri
Published: October 2017

Due to their excellent strength, rigidity, and damping properties, as well as low weight, carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) are being widely used for load bearing structures. On the other hand, with an increased demand and usage of CFRCs, effective methods to re-use waste carbon fiber (CF) materials, which are recoverable either from process scraps or from end-of-life components, are attracting increased attention. In this paper, hybrid yarns consisting of waste staple CF (40 and 60 mm) and polyamide 6 staple fibers (60 mm) are manufactured on a DREF-3000 friction spinning machine with various process parameters, such as spinning drum speed, suction air pressure, and core–sheath ratio. The relationship between different textile physical properties of the hybrid yarns, such as tensile strength, elongation, and evenness with different spinning parameters, core–sheath ratio, and input CF length is revealed.
We Eat to Live, We Live to Eat
Authors: Byrd Kaitland M. , Byrd W. Carson
Published: October 2017

In this introduction to the special issue on “Foodways and Inequality: Toward a Sociology of Food Culture and Movements,” we describe our path to the sociological study inequality through food, and how the articles included in this special issue fit this framework. The overarching goal of this issue is to present a multifaceted approach to studying food from more cultural and structural perspectives. In particular, the authors take varied approaches to understanding how inequalities shape individual’s experiences with food while also offering possible solutions through a more humanist sociological project around food and foodways. The articles and reviews included in this special issue offer much needed sociological insights into current social problems centering on food such as hunger and exploitation.
Review: Alexej Ulbricht, Multicultural Immunisation: Liberalism and Esposito
Authors: Williams Rosalind
Published: October 2017

Immunity has established itself as one of the most exciting and productive conceptual lenses being used in contemporary social theory. Ulbricht’s first book demonstrates why this is the case, through using the imaginary of immunity to explicate a selection of the features of liberal multicultural theory. Influenced by the work of Italian philosopher Robert Esposito, the book traces ideas of tolerance, consensus and rights as they appear across a selection of liberal theoretical interventions. After engaging with an impressive swathe of literature throughout his book, Ulbricht’s critical arrival point is an exciting use of Lefebvrian rhythmanalysis in a bid to supplant universal theories of multiculturalism with a recognition of multiculturalism as an intensely local and ad hoc human experience.
Psychological needs satisfaction and value in students’ intentions to study music in high school
Authors: Freer Elisabeth , Evans Paul
Published: October 2017

A major issue concerning music educators is declining participation in music over the school years. This study aimed to explain why students choose to study music at school. The theoretical lens of self-determination theory was used to examine how the satisfaction of basic psychological needs might lead to students valuing music and choosing to study it at school. Participants were 204 male students in an Australian high school. A structural equation model was evaluated, with elective intentions predicted by value, psychological needs satisfaction, and instrumental experience. The hypothesized model was supported and explained 65% of variance in elective intentions and 50% of variance in students’ valuing of music. Students with higher psychological needs satisfaction and value for music had stronger intentions to continue studying music. Psychological needs satisfaction explained a considerable proportion of why students valued music. Students with more experience learning an instrument were also more likely to choose music, but psychological needs satisfaction and value were far more influential. These findings extend existing research on Self-Determination Theory(SDT) in educational and music contexts, and suggest implications for teachers wishing to increase participation in school music education.
The proliferation of peripheries: Militarized drones and the reconfiguration of global space
Authors: Akhter Majed
Published: October 2017

By situating drones in a lineage of colonial technologies of pacification, the critical literature on militarized drones suggests a revised concept of peripheries and global space. This paper engages this literature to argue for a conception of peripheries as spaces of colonial state power at multiple scales. It does so by arguing for a distinction between proliferation to the global periphery and the proliferation of peripheries at multiple scales and across scattered sites. The paper also draws on Gramsci and Fanon to elaborate an internationalist anticolonial position on the defense of territorial sovereignty of states in the global periphery.
Renunciation, Feminism, and Social Service
Authors: Pandya Samta P.
Published: October 2017

This study examines feminist attitudes and social service motivation of 681 women of two prominent Hindu orders having a global presence. Ordained Hindu women believed that commitment to religious orders, celibacy, and social service countered patriarchy. City location, work profile versatility in the order, education, and duration of being ordained, significantly influenced their views and scores on the Feminist Perspective Scale and Public Service Motivation Scale. Two implications are foregrounded: the recognition of a cohort of women who perform social service as religious duty, and a different form of feminist care ethics located within a feminist theological premise.
“I Didn’t Do That!” Event Valence and Child Age Influence Adults’ Discernment of Preschoolers’ True and False Statements
Authors: Johnson Jonni L. , Hobbs Sue D. , Chae Yoojin , Goodman Gail S. , Shestowsky Donna , Block Stephanie D.
Published: October 2017

Justice can hinge on adults’ abilities to distinguish accurate from inaccurate child testimony. Yet relatively little is known about factors that affect adults’ abilities to determine the accuracy of children’s eyewitness reports. In this study, adults ( N = 108) viewed videoclips of 3- and 5-year-olds answering open-ended and leading questions about positive and negative actually experienced (“true”) events or never experienced (“false”) events that the children either affirmed or denied. Analyses revealed that adults were more accurate at determining the veracity of negative compared with positive incidents, particularly when children said that they had experienced the event. Moreover, adults’ accuracy was at chance for older children’s false denials. Psycholegal implications are discussed.
The mechanical and frictional properties of poly(ether ether ketone) composites with modified aluminum borate whiskers
Authors: Liu Mengzhu , Wang Yongpeng , Zhang Haibo , Jiang Zhenhua
Published: October 2017

Poly(ether ether ketone)s (PEEKs) are increasingly used in tribological application. Reinforcing materials such as aluminum borate whiskers are often incorporated into polymeric materials to improve mechanical properties. In this work, aluminum borate whiskers were modified by the boron-containing poly(ether ether ketone)s (B-PEEKs). The modified aluminum borate whiskers (g-W)-reinforced PEEK composites were then prepared via melt-blending method. B-PEEKs showed the good coupling effect by the interface micromorphology analysis and performance evaluation of PEEK composites. After grafting treatment with B-PEEKs, aluminum borate whiskers were found to be dispersed evenly in PEEKs matrix without apparent aggregation. Ascribed to the strong interaction between whisker-grafted chains and PEEKs matrix, g-W/PEEK composites show better mechanical properties, lower friction coefficient, and wear ratio than those composites without grafting modification, indicating that the grafted aluminum borate whiskers (g-W)-reinforced PEEK composites may become a wear-resistant material.
The condensing engine: A heat engine for operating temperatures of 100 ℃ and below
Authors: Müller Gerald , Chan Chun Ho , Gibby Alexander , Nazir Muhammad Zubair , Paterson James , Seetanah Joshua , Telfer Matthew , Tsuzaki Toru , Walker Caleb , Yusof Faris
Published: October 2017

The cost-effective utilisation of low-grade thermal energy with temperatures below 150 ℃ for electricity generation still constitutes an engineering challenge. Existing technology, e.g. the organic Rankine cycle machines, are complex and only economical for larger power outputs. At Southampton University, the steam condensation cycle for a working temperature of 100 ℃ was analysed theoretically. The cycle uses water as working fluid, which has the advantages of being cheap, readily available, non-toxic, non-inflammable and non-corrosive, and works at and below atmospheric pressure, so that leakage and sealing are not problematic. Steam expansion will increase the theoretical efficiency of the cycle from 6.4% (no expansion) to 17.8% (expansion ratio 1:8). In this article, the theoretical development of the cycle is presented. A 40 Watt experimental engine was built and tested. Efficiencies ranged from 0.02 (no expansion) to 0.055 (expansion ratio 1:4). The difference between theoretical and experimental efficiencies was attributed to significant pressure loss in valves, and to difficulties with heat rejection. It was concluded that the condensing engine has potential for further development.
The Vogt family: Creators of diverse paths for women in biological research
Authors: Rubin Ronald P
Published: October 2017

The life and careers of Cecile, Marthe and Marguerite Vogt are chronicled in this article during an era where women were not readily accepted in the upper echelons of academia. By exploring important questions, these women made major contributions to the broad base of scientific knowledge which impacted the fields of neurobiology in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, infectious disease, and oncogenesis. As a result, each was considered the elite of her respective field and achieved an enduring legacy.
Edgar Leigh Collis: Industrial lung disease and ergonomics
Authors: Waldron Tony
Published: October 2017

Edgar Collis was appointed as the second Medical Inspector of Factories in 1908, holding the post until the outbreak of the First World War when he became Medical Director of the Ministry of Munitions. After the war, he was appointed to the chair in public health in the University of Wales. He held this post while living in Lossiemouth in Scotland, some 570 miles distant. His research interests were in industrial lung disease, industrial hygiene, and the health of coal miners. He made important contributions to the first and third subjects, but was a less significant figure in the field of industrial hygiene. Among his achievements were the recognition of the relationship between silicosis and tuberculosis, the harmful effects of non-silicaceous coal dust, and the need to fit the worker to the job, and the job to the worker.
Prophylactic Fibrinogen Decreases Postoperative Bleeding but Not Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Heart Transplantation
Authors: Jahangirifard Alireza , Ahmadi Zargham Hossein , Naghashzadeh Farah , Sharif-Kashani Babak , Rashid-Farokhi Farin , Afshar Ali , Yamini-Sharif Reyhaneh , Rezaei Yousef
Published: October 2017

The present study is the premier clinical attempt to scrutinize the practicability of prophylactic fibrinogen infusion in patients undergoing heart transplantation (HT). A total of 67 consecutive patients who had undergone HT between January 2012 and December 2014 were assessed. After exclusion of some patients, 23 patients were given preoperative 2 g fibrinogen concentrate over a period of 15 minutes after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass pump and complete reversal of heparin, and 30 patients were not given. Some laboratories were measured before general anesthesia and at 6 and 24 hours after surgery. In addition, major adverse events were also evaluated during hospitalization. The mean age of the patients was 39.5 ± 11.4 years, with a predominance of male sex (77.4%). All laboratories at baseline were comparable between groups. The length of hospital stay was longer in the control group compared to the fibrinogen group (20 [16-22] vs 16 [12-19] days; P = .005). There was a trend for patients in the fibrinogen group to have more acute kidney injury (AKI) after surgery (10% vs 30.4%) and less reoperation for bleeding (20% vs 8.7%). The amount of postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in the control group compared to the fibrinogen group ( P < .001). The number of packed red blood cell transfused during 24 hours after surgery was significantly lower in the fibrinogen group ( P < .001). The transfusion of fibrinogen in patients undergoing HT may be associated with reductions in postoperative bleeding, the number of packed red blood cells, and hospital length of stay; however, it may enhance postoperative AKI.
Condition assessment of structure with tuned mass damper using empirical wavelet transform
Authors: Yuan M. , Sadhu A. , Liu K.
Published: October 2017

Tuned mass damper (TMD) has been one of the most commonly used passive vibration control devices over the past few decades. While an optimally designed TMD can significantly suppress the structural vibration, detuning often occurs due to various reasons such as change in operating conditions or variation in primary structure properties, resulting in degradation of TMD’s performance. In order to restore its performance, it is necessary to estimate the modal properties of the primary structure, and perform the re-tuning process. Such an exercise requires powerful signal processing methods to successfully extract the structural modes in the presence of closely-spaced modes. This study focuses on the identification of modal frequencies and damping of the structure installed with a TMD. In view of the advantages and limitations of existing modal identification methods, this paper provides a new technique that combines the second-order blind identification (SOBI) method with the empirical wavelet transform (EWT) to delineate closely-spaced frequencies. While the SOBI method does not guarantee the separation of closely-spaced modes and suffers from the limitation of generating mode-mixed modal responses, the EWT operates on the modal responses estimated by the SOBI and yields the closely-spaced natural frequencies. The proposed method is illustrated using a six-story simulation model with a wide range of detuning cases. An experiment on a three-story bench-scale model equipped with a TMD is also conducted to validate the applicability of the proposed method.
Communal Coping and Adjustment to Chronic Illness: Theory Update and Evidence
Authors: Helgeson Vicki S. , Jakubiak Brett , Van Vleet Meredith , Zajdel Melissa
Published: October 2017

We present a theory of communal coping that describes an optimal pathway to patient adjustment among couples in which one person faces a chronic illness. Communal coping consists of a shared illness appraisal (i.e., person perceives illness as a joint rather than individual problem) and collaboration with a partner to manage the illness. We present a model of the communal coping process that links patient and partner shared illness appraisals to collaboration and a set of supportive interactions that might be reframed as collaboration in the presence of shared illness appraisals. We then outline a model that identifies potential antecedents of communal coping and mechanisms that link communal coping to patient illness adjustment (i.e., enhanced psychological well-being, improved health behaviors, better physical health) and partner psychological well-being. We review the empirical evidence for this model and conclude by identifying several moderator variables, noting potential limitations, and outlining future research directions.
Theoretical prediction and crashworthiness optimization of multi-cell polygonal tubes
Authors: Yin Hanfeng , Wen Guilin , Bai Zhonghao , Chen Zhewu , Qing Qixiang
Published: October 2017

Multi-cell polygonal tubes are highly efficient energy absorbers and widely used in vehicle engineering. There is no doubt that the structure designers have strong interest to know which kind of multi-cell polygonal tube has the best crashworthiness. However, the comparative study on the crashworthiness of multi-cell polygonal tubes with different edges was quite few. In this paper, the multi-cell polygonal single and bitubular tubes were investigated using the numerical simulation and theoretical prediction methods. Theoretical expressions of the mean crushing forces of the multi-cell polygonal single and bitubular tubes with arbitrary edge were derived by employing the simplified super folding element theory. The theoretical predictions well coincided with the numerical results. Based on the theoretical and numerical results, it can be found that the multi-cell polygonal bitubular tube with 18 edges had the best energy absorption capacity. In order to further improve the crashworthiness of multi-cell polygonal tube, a metamodel-based multi-objective optimization method which jointly employed the finite element simulation, metamodelling method and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm ver. II multi-objective optimization algorithm was developed. Based on this metamodel-based optimization method, the multi-cell polygonal bitubular tube with 18 edges was optimized. The theoretical prediction also had good agreement with the numerical simulation result for the optimal design. The optimal multi-cell polygonal tube not only had excellent energy absorption capacity but also had stable collapse mode.
Open-source projects as incubators of innovation: From niche phenomenon to integral part of the industry
Authors: Schrape Jan-Felix
Published: October 2017

Over the last 20 years, open-source development has become an integral part of the software industry. Against this backdrop, this article seeks to develop a systematic overview of open-source communities and their socio-economic contexts. I begin with a reconstruction of the genesis of open-source software projects and their changing relationships to established information technology companies. This is followed by the identification of four ideal-type variants of current open-source projects that differ significantly in their modes of coordination and the degree of corporate involvement. Further, I examine why open-source projects lost their subversive connotations while, in contrast to former cases of collective invention, remaining viable beyond the initial phase of innovation.
Investigation of bio-oil produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Kostyukevich Yury , Vlaskin Mikhail , Borisova Ludmila , Zherebker Alexander , Perminova Irina , Kononikhin Alexey , Popov Igor , Nikolaev Eugene
Published: October 2017

Recent research has revealed that more than 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted globally every year. The disposal of such huge biomass has become a challenge. In the present paper, we report the production of the bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction of three classes of food waste: meat, cheese and fruits. The highest yield of the bio-oil was observed for meat (∼60%) and cheese (∼75%), while for fruits, it was considerably low (∼10%). The molecular composition of the obtained bio-oil was investigated using ultrahigh resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry and was found to be similar to that obtained from algae. Several thousand heteroatom compounds (N, N2, ON2, etc. classes) were reliably identified from each sample. It was found that bio-oils produced from meat and cheese have many compounds (∼90%) with common molecular formulas, while bio-oil produced from fruits differs considerably (∼30% of compounds are unique).
Pierre Clastres as comparative political theorist: The democratic potential of the new political anthropology
Authors: Holman Christopher
Published: October 2017

This article examines the political anthropological work of Pierre Clastres in light of the emergence of the subfield of comparative political theory. In particular, it argues that Clastres’ reconstruction of the political philosophy of various Amazonian societies offers an alternative model for the engagement with texts and traditions external to the history of so-called Western societies. Rejecting all impulses toward totalization – as represented, for example, in the assertion of a dialogical potential for establishing modes of intercultural exchange aimed at achieving mutual understanding – Clastres calls attention to the radical social-historical alterity of forms of society. Appreciation of this alterity not only enlarges the scope of comparative political thought to engage inherited traditions that resist assimilation into Western conversations, but also reveals an indeterminate democratic potential grounded in political creativity.
Evaluating colour preference of lighting with an empty light booth
Authors: Liu Q , Huang Z , Pointer MR , Luo M Ronnier , Xiao K , Westland S
Published: October 2017

In our recent work, the colour preference of several LED white lights with different correlated colour temperatures (CCT) was investigated with a wide selection of objects. The results highlighted the dominant effect of light itself on the colour preference of lighting. In this study, we similarly implemented two psychophysical experiments with the same lights but with nothing in the light booth. It was found that the subjective ratings for the lit environment of the empty booth were quite close to those of the previous studies that used various coloured objects. Such a finding corroborates our former conclusion that light dominates colour preference and we suspect that this finding can be attributed either to the colour memory of the observers or to the subconscious effect of human vision. Thus, it seems that for general multi-CCT conditions where the light sources do not have very different gamut shapes or object desaturation/oversaturation properties, the preferred white light could be determined by simply asking the observers to rate their preference for the lit environment of the empty light booth. To verify this wild and interesting conclusion and further clarify its applicability, follow-up studies are needed.
The effect of capacitance on drive current of general lighting LED luminaires
Authors: Padmasali AN , Noronha JE , Kini SG
Published: October 2017

The reliability of a LED luminaire depends on the reliability of each of its subsystems. Experience suggests that, of these subsystems, it is the LED driver that tends to fail earliest. Any LED driver has an electrolytic capacitor to limit the ripple current, which helps the luminaire to function appropriately. This paper describes the effects on ripple current of changes in the capacitance and thus on LED luminaire performance. A capacitor bank is developed containing electrolytic capacitor combinations to obtain 27 capacitance values in the range 0.017 to 1570 µF. Two commercially available LED downlighter luminaires of the same model and manufacturer were used for this study. The ripple current and lumen output values are observed after connecting each capacitance from the bank, and the percentage flicker is calculated. LED light output shows visible flicker for low capacitances up to 0.1 µF with percentage flicker above 100%, while percentage flicker for capacitors up to 100 µF is more than 50%. For capacitance values of 220 µF and more, the percentage flicker is less than 50%. For the LED driver the capacitor decides the amount of ripple in the output current, so this work helps in formulating metrics for determining the service life of LED luminaires.
Colour preference, naturalness, vividness and colour quality metrics, Part 5: A colour preference experiment at 2000 lx in a real room
Authors: Khanh TQ , Bodrogi P , Guo X , Vinh QT , Fischer S
Published: October 2017

Subjects rated the colour preference of a colourful object scene illuminated to 2000 lx by 28 different spectra from a four-channel LED light engine at different object saturation levels and different white points (3200 K, 4200 K, 5000 K and 5600 K). Mean colour preference ratings had a maximum at a moderate saturation level. The lowest correlated colour temperature (3200 K) exhibited lower preference ratings than the three higher correlated colour temperatures. The influence of saturation level was modelled by existing colour rendition measures and by the measure colour quality combining a colour fidelity index and an overall object colour object saturation measure taken from Part 4 of this work.
Examining Predictors of Visual Search Success in Transportation Security Officers and Behavior Detection Officers
Authors: Spain Randall D. , Hedge Jerry W. , Blanchard Jennifer K.
Published: October 2017

Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) and Behavior Detection Officers (BDOs) are an integral part of the Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) multilayered security program. Both officers are required to visually search their environments for prohibited items and cues that might be indicative of a threat. The purpose of this project was to identify factors that predicted the visual search success of these officers. A simulated visual search task was completed by 375 TSOs and BDOs, along with a battery of surveys designed to measure individual differences in personality traits, abilities, hobbies, and spatial ability. Results showed that TSOs and BDOs were highly accurate in their searches but that TSOs searched images faster than BDOs without sacrificing accuracy. Additional results showed that the strongest predictors of visual search accuracy were search speed and search consistency, but spatial ability emerged as a significant predictor for TSOs and frequency of video-game play emerged as a significant predictor for BDOs. Additional traits were also correlated with search performance but did not emerge as significant predictors in our regression models. Practical implication and directions for future research are discussed.
Framework for Developing a Brief Interview to Understand Cyber Defense Work: An Experience Report
Authors: Armstrong Miriam E. , Jones Keith S. , Namin Akbar Siami
Published: October 2017

Cyber defense is increasingly important for the wellbeing of our economy and our national defense. Universities can help meet our growing cybersecurity needs by training the next generation of cyber defenders, and it is crucial that the curricula for such programs are designed to prepare students for the type of work that is performed in the field. Unfortunately, collecting data about cyber work is hindered in situations where cybersecurity professionals are uncomfortable with traditional human factors work analysis methods. Four potential constraints are 1) no naturalistic observations, 2) anonymity and safety, 3) short data collection time, and 4) no deep process questions. We developed a brief interview technique that allowed us to measure the importance of knowledge, skills, and abilities related to offensive and defensive cyber work. Based on our experience using this technique, it fits within the four potential constraints to cyber research and produces information that is directly applicable to the development of cybersecurity curricula. Our technique could potentially be used for other research purposes and personnel selection and by researchers interested in other high-security populations.
Investigating the Effects of Social Media Usage on Sleep Quality
Authors: Kaimal Dinesh , Sajja Ravi Teja , Sasangohar Farzan
Published: October 2017

Social media usage is widespread among young adults. While the effects of social media usage on depression have been documented, studies to investigate the effects on sleep quality are largely absent. As part of the requirements for a graduate course at Texas A&M University, a user study was conducted to investigate whether usage of social media before bed time would result in sleep disturbance and diminished sleep quality. Ten participants were asked to not use social media before bed (baseline) for one week and use several popular applications for three weeks. While the effects were not statistically significant, social media usage before sleep might still negatively affect sleep quality. Further research with an increased sample size conducted over a longer period is warranted to investigate such effects.
Weight Shifting Strategies and Discomfort during Prolonged Standing
Authors: Wiltman Stephanie , Chambers April
Published: October 2017

Over half of the top ten occupations in the United States require prolonged standing, translating to nearly 3.2 million people who spend the majority of their workday standing ( Occupational Employment Statistics, 2014). Continual exposure to muscle fatigue, blood pooling, and cartilage compression due to prolonged standing may lead to long term injuries and damage. Current interventions show limited effectiveness in situ and in laboratory settings. The goal of this study is to investigate how weight shifting strategies may be used to alleviate discomfort. Seven subjects stood for one hour and reported their discomfort while weight distribution data was collected. Strategy significantly affected discomfort for overall tiredness (p < 0.0001), leg tiredness (p < 0.002), upper legs (p < 0.005), and feet (p < 0.0024). Those who use a moderate to full strategy reported less overall discomfort than moderate and full (p < 0.001) shifters. Standing strategy may minimize discomfort during the workday.