bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motor Vehicle Crashes and Dementia: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Meuleners Lynn B. , Ng Jonathon , Chow Kyle , Stevenson Mark
Published: May 2016

Objectives

To compare the frequency of motor vehicle crashes of drivers aged 50 and older with a diagnosis of dementia with that of a group without dementia in the 3 years before and 3 years after an index hospital admission using the Western Australian Data Linkage System (WADLS).

Design

Retrospective population‐based study.

Setting

De‐identified data were obtained from Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System and the Western Australian Death Registrations using the WADLS from 2004 to 2010. The Integrated Road Information System was used to identify individuals involved in a crash as the driver from 2001 to 2013.

Participants

Individuals with dementia with an index hospital admission (n = 1,666, 34%) and individuals without dementia (n = 3,636, 66%) who had been involved in at least one motor vehicle crash as the driver from 2001 to 2013.

Measurements

Involvement in a police‐reported crash as the driver.

Results

The occurrence of one or more crashes as the driver in the dementia group (43% had a crash as the driver) was higher in the 3 years before the index hospitalization than in the comparison group (30% had a crash as the driver). The risk of a crash was 93% less for those with dementia in the 3 years after an index hospital admission with dementia than for those without dementia (incidence rate ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval = 0.06–0.09) compared to the previous 3 years, after adjusting for relevant confounders.

Conclusion

Although older drivers may give up driving after a diagnosis of dementia, they may be at greater risk of crashing before diagnosis or in the early stages of dementia. Better methods are needed to identify at‐risk drivers with early dementia and prevent crashes.
Factors affecting maternal confidence among older and younger Japanese primiparae at one month post‐partum
Authors: Maehara Kunie , Mori Emi , Tsuchiya Miyako , Iwata Hiroko , Sakajo Akiko , Ozawa Harumi , Morita Akiko , Maekawa Tomoko , Makaya Miyuki , Tamakoshi Koji
Published: May 2016

Aim

To compare the factors that affect maternal confidence at 1 month post‐partum between older (≥35 years old) and younger (20–34 years old) primiparous Japanese mothers.

Methods

A multicenter prospective study of mothers who gave birth to live singleton infants in Japan was conducted. Following ethics approval, the participants completed questionnaires 1 day before discharge and 1 month after childbirth. The questionnaires included the Postpartum Maternal Confidence Scale, demographics and background information, prenatal and obstetric data, situational variables and perceptions of daily life, and social support. The obstetric data were extracted from the hospital medical records. Data from the older primiparae (n = 479) and the younger primiparae (n = 1033) were analyzed by using multiple stepwise regressions, controlling for the delivery mode.

Results

Maternal confidence at 1 month post‐partum was positively associated with emotional support for the older primiparae and appraisal support and exclusive breastfeeding for younger primiparae. In both groups, feeling overwhelmed by daily life, a lack of communication with their partner about the parenting role, and a lack of prior experience in caring for babies were negatively related to maternal confidence. Family budget instability was negatively related to maternal confidence in the younger group.

Conclusion

Providing care that is based on an understanding of the unique support needs of first‐time mothers in different age groups could promote more effective parenting.
Evaluation of neon focused ion beam milling for TEM sample preparation
Authors: PEKIN T.C. , ALLEN F.I. , MINOR A.M.
Published: May 2016

Gallium‐based focused ion beams generated from liquid–metal sources are widely used in micromachining and sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy, with well‐known drawbacks such as sample damage and contamination. In this work, an alternative (neon) focused ion beam generated by a gas field‐ionization source is evaluated for the preparation of electron‐transparent specimens. To do so, electron‐transparent sections of Si and an Al alloy are prepared with both Ga and Ne ion beams for direct comparison. Diffraction‐contrast imaging and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy are used to evaluate the relative damage induced by the two beams, and cross‐sections of milled trenches are examined to compare the implantation depth with theoretical predictions from Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that for the beam voltages and materials systems investigated, Ne ion beam milling does not significantly reduce the focused ion beam induced artefacts. However, the Ne ion beam does enable more precise milling and may be of interest in cases where Ga contamination cannot be tolerated.
THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AMALGAMATION ON PUBLIC SPENDING, TAXATION, AND SERVICE LEVELS: EVIDENCE FROM 15 YEARS OF MUNICIPAL CONSOLIDATION
Authors: Allers Maarten A. , Geertsema J. Bieuwe
Published: May 2016

We study how municipal amalgamation affects local government spending, taxation, and service provision in the Netherlands. Employing different models, different control groups, and a number of robustness tests, we find no significant effect on aggregate spending or taxation, although spending on administration is reduced. We explore whether this finding might hide amalgamation effects working in opposite directions for different types of municipalities (e.g., small versus large, or homogeneous versus heterogeneous), cancelling each other out. This does not seem to be the case. We also investigate whether amalgamation leads to better public services instead of lower spending, but find no evidence.
Melatonin and its receptor MT1 are involved in the downstream reaction to luteinizing hormone and participate in the regulation of luteinization in different species
Authors: He Changjiu , Ma Teng , Shi Jianmin , Zhang Zhenzhen , Wang Jing , Zhu Kuanfeng , Li Yu , Yang Minghui , Song Yukun , Liu Guoshi
Published: May 2016

The functions of melatonin in preovulatory fluid remain elusive. In the current study, we observed that the extremely high level of expression of MT1 in mice granulosa cells was rapidly induced by hCG (equivalent LH) within 2 hours and this was referred as MT1 surge. In cumulus cells, serotonin N‐acetyltransferase (SNAT) was also upregulated by hCG and led to elevated melatonin levels in ovarian follicle fluid. Melatonin application before MT1 surge significantly promoted embryo implantation, and this was probably attributed to a rise in progesterone levels in the serum. The mechanistic studies indicated that melatonin/MT1 (MLT/MT1) signaling remarkably improved the expression of corpus luteum marker genes, that is, Akr1c18 and Cyp11a1. High‐throughput sequencing results suggested that extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and activation of PI3K/Akt pathway which are involved in granulosa cell luteinization might mediate the actions of MLT/MT1 signal. In addition, this effect on luteinization was compared in different species. It was verified that high melatonin levels exist in serum at estrum of cows and help to improve the first estrus fecundation rate. These results suggested that both melatonin and MT1 are involved in the downstream reaction of hCG (LH) and they play important roles in luteinization. These findings provide the novel information on the physiology of melatonin in animal reproduction.
Growing older with post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Curran B. , Collier E.
Published: May 2016

Accessible summary

What is known on the subject?

The needs of older people with long‐term mental illness are not very well addressed in policy and research.

Older people are not a homogenous group and people ageing with long‐term mental illness have potentially unique or specific needs.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

A unique example of the idiosyncratic and contextual nature of individual strengths and the abilities in managing personal recovery when experiencing long‐term mental illness.

Emotional exhaustion experienced after long‐term mental health compromises the ability to manage feelings, potentially a special feature of life time mental ill health.

What are the implications for practice?

Recognition that the hard work involved in successfully managing long‐term personal recovery may be important in preventing suicide in later life.

The need to understand a person's life story to make sense of their experience of mental illness and to recognize long‐term mental illness to later life as part of a persons' established identity.

The importance of appreciating the place of early memories for understanding older person's mental health in their present.

Introduction

Ageing with mental illness is a neglected area of research and policy. People who grow older to later life with ongoing mental health problems may not have their needs well understood. This understanding is important if mental health services are to ensure direct or indirect age discrimination is avoided.

Aim

This paper aims to explore issues relating to later life and ageing with mental illness focused on the story of Bernard (who was 84 years of age at the time of writing) who lived with a diagnosis of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Method

The paper is co‐authored by Bernard and the researcher he originally told his story to as a participant in a biographical research study exploring mental ill health through the life course. In the original research study, Bernard completed a curriculum vitae (CV) of his life which informed two personalised interviews. An edited version of this is presented in this paper. Implications for practice are discussed in the context of life course, recovery, self‐help and preventing suicide. The narrative illustrates how time, memory and meaning interweave and how ageing with mental illness become part of a person's ongoing identity.
Worker, workplace or families: What influences family focused practices in adult mental health?
Authors: Maybery D. , Goodyear M. , Reupert A. E. , Grant A.
Published: May 2016

Accessible summary

What is known on the subject?

Family focused practice leads to positive outcomes for parents and children.

There are barriers and enablers for practitioners being family focused.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Worker skill, knowledge and confidence about family work are the most important factors associated with family focused practices.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses require specific skill training in family focused practices, time to engage with clients on parenting issues and that there are adequate services to refer family members to.

Introduction

Family focused practice is thought to lead to positive outcomes for all family members. However, there are multiple barriers and enablers in adult mental health services to practitioners undertaking these actions.

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine the relative importance of worker, workforce and family factors to predict family focused practices (FFPs) in adult mental health services.

Method

Three hundred and seven adult mental health workers completed a 45 items family focused practice measure of 16 family focused practices.

Thesis

It was found that worker skill and knowledge about family work and an ability to assess the degree of parental insight into the child's connections to other family members and the community were important predictors of FFP, along with the closely related‐worker confidence. While aspects of the worker, workplace and family each contribute to FFPs, this study highlighted the importance of worker skill, knowledge and confidence as central issues for adult mental health workers.

Implications for practice

Study implications include the need for training in specific FFPs, the provision of time to engage with clients on parenting issues and the need 5 to ensure that there are adequate services for workers to refer family members to.
African Influences in Atlantic World Culture: Julie Dash'sDaughters of the Dust
Authors: M'Baye Babacar
Published: May 2016

This essay has a double aim. First, it will discuss key insights from past and recent scholarship on African influences in Atlantic world cultures. The overview will show the contributions of key, yet largely unknown, scholarship on African retentions in the Atlantic world that deserves more attention for its implications for literary genealogies. Using Julie Dash's 1997 novelDaughters of the Dust, which was adapted from a 1991 film of the same title, as an example, the second part of this essay will examine the ways in which the literary narrative recreates historical and cultural tropes of traditional African societies as they are refigured in the Black Atlantic world, under the conditions of African‐Americans during slavery. Dash's book helps us trace Africanisms in the Gullah culture of Coastal South Carolina to their origins in African traditions, following these threads as they are woven into African‐American migrations to Harlem and homecomings to the South, as well as celebrations of African aesthetics and preservation of a circum‐Atlantic memory. By placingDaughters of the Dustin its proper historical contexts, we see that the forced alienation of Africans in the Americas did not prevent the strong survival and reinvention of African cultures and aesthetics in the United States.
Josephine Baker Meets a Korean Housewife: Narrative Cartoons, Women's Labor, and the Circulation of Modern Fetish
Authors: Huh Jang Wook
Published: May 2016

This essay examines the relationship between the cultural appropriation of Black female artistic labor and the anticolonial invocation of modernity in an East Asian context. In the 1930s, Koreans featured erotic, mobile, and modern images of the world‐famous performer Josephine Baker in the popular magazineJogwang. In 1935 and 1936, the cartoonist and illustrator Kim Gyu‐taek rewrote the legendary folktaleSimcheongjeonin the form of “narrative cartoons.” In doing so, he linked Baker's cultural labor to Korean women's reproductive labor as a means of modernizing colonial Korea. In 1936,Jogwangtook Baker's artistic motions as points of inspiration and arranged photographs of her dancing number in a collage to instill social mobility in Korean women. These circulations of Baker as a public and dynamic performer encouraged Korean women to move out of the domestic sphere as part of a broader effort to fashion them as potential radical activists against Japanese rule. This forging of an “Afro‐Korean” connection, however, fetishized Baker as a modern ideal and inscribed political meanings in her performances. Kim's literary andJogwang's visual practice, in other words, encroached upon Baker's personhood. By tracing Koreans' anticolonial labor politics in their fetishizing representations of the Black female artistic worker, this essay suggests a way of addressing the discourse of the transpacific circulation of labor beyond notions of cross‐racial alliance.
Belgo‐Congolese Transnational Comics Esthetics: Transcolonial Labor from Mongo Sisse's Bingo en Belgique to Cassiau‐Haurie and Baruti's Madame Livingstone: Congo, la Grande Guerre (2014)
Authors: Bragard Véronique
Published: May 2016

This article investigates the development of genealogies of Belgo–Congolese comics showing how the migrations of Congolese artists have catalyzed a re‐fashioning of the genre's form and themes, leading to new engaged postcolonial aesthetics that connect with a long and brutal history of labor. Starting from Mongo Sisé's Bingo en Belgique and Baruti's publication of Mme Livingstone (2014), it looks at the Belgo–Congolese transnational aesthetic voice that has been developing between Belgium and the Congo and in the tensions/irony/hybridity of the images. Both authors highlight the creation of cultural forms “from below” and across boundaries, purposely as carried and shaped by artistic migration histories – of the Congolese Force Publique, of soldiers who migrated (sometimes forcefully for WWI, for instance) across the continent and artists – within international, colonial, and neocolonial–geopolitical economies.
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of the alpha‐fetoprotein model in a multicenter cohort from Latin America
Authors: Piñero Federico , Tisi Baña Matías , de Ataide Elaine Cristina , Hoyos Duque Sergio , Marciano Sebastian , Varón Adriana , Anders Margarita , Zerega Alina , Menéndez Josemaría , Zapata Rodrigo , Muñoz Linda , Padilla Machaca Martín , Soza Alejandro , McCormack Lucas , Poniachik Jaime , Podestá Luis G. , Gadano Adrian , Boin Ilka S. F. Fatima , Duvoux Christophe , Silva Marcelo ,   the Latin American Liver Research, Education and Awareness Network (LALREAN)
Published: May 2016

Background & Aims

The French alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) model has recently shown superior results compared to Milan criteria (MC) for prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) in European populations. The aim of this study was to explore the predictive capacity of the AFP model for HCC recurrence in a Latin‐American cohort.

Methods

Three hundred twenty‐seven patients with HCC were included from a total of 2018 patients transplanted at 15 centres. Serum AFP and imaging data were both recorded at listing. Predictability was assessed by the Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) method.

Results

Overall, 82 and 79% of the patients were within MC and the AFP model respectively. NRI showed a superior predictability of the AFP model against MC. Patients with an AFP score >2 points had higher risk of recurrence at 5 years Hazard Ratio (HR) of 3.15 (P = 0.0001) and lower patient survival (HR = 1.51; P = 0.03). Among patients exceeding MC, a score ≤2 points identified a subgroup of patients with lower recurrence (5% vs 42%; P = 0.013) and higher survival rates (84% vs 45%; P = 0.038). In cases treated with bridging procedures, following restaging, a score >2 points identified a higher recurrence (HR 2.2, P = 0.12) and lower survival rate (HR 2.25, P = 0.03). A comparative analysis between HBV and non‐HBV patients showed that the AFP model performed better in non‐HBV patients.

Conclusions

The AFP model could be useful in Latin‐American countries to better select patients for LT in subgroups presenting with extended criteria. However, particular attention should be focused on patients with HBV.
TheSaccharomyces cerevisiaePtc1 protein phosphatase attenuates G2‐M cell cycle blockage caused by activation of the cell wall integrity pathway
Authors: Tatjer Laura , González Asier , Serra‐Cardona Albert , Barceló Anna , Casamayor Antonio , Ariño Joaquín
Published: May 2016

Lack of the yeast Ptc1 Ser/Thr protein phosphatase results in numerous phenotypic defects. A parallel search for high‐copy number suppressors of three of these phenotypes (sensitivity to Calcofluor White, rapamycin and alkaline pH), allowed the isolation of 25 suppressor genes, which could be assigned to three main functional categories: maintenance of cell wall integrity (CWI), vacuolar function and protein sorting, and cell cycle regulation. The characterization of these genetic interactions strengthens the relevant role of Ptc1 in downregulating the Slt2‐mediated CWI pathway. We show that under stress conditions activating the CWI pathway theptc1mutant displays hyperphosphorylated Cdc28 kinase and that these cells accumulate with duplicated DNA content, indicative of a G2‐M arrest. Clb2‐associated Cdc28 activity was also reduced inptc1cells. These alterations are attenuated by mutation of theMKK1gene, encoding a MAP kinase kinase upstream Slt2. Therefore, our data show that Ptc1 is required for proper G2‐M cell cycle transition after activation of the CWI pathway.
A multilayered regulatory mechanism for the autoinhibition and activation of a plant CC‐NB‐LRR resistance protein with an extra N‐terminal domain
Authors: Chen Xiaojiao , Zhu Min , Jiang Lei , Zhao Wenyang , Li Jia , Wu Jianyan , Li Chun , Bai Baohui , Lu Gang , Chen Hongyu , Moffett Peter , Tao Xiaorong
Published: May 2016

The tomato resistance protein Sw‐5b differs from the classical coiled‐coil nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (CC‐NB‐LRR) resistance proteins by having an extra N‐terminal domain (NTD). To understand how NTD, CC and NB‐LRR regulate autoinhibition and activation of Sw‐5b, we dissected the function(s) of each domain.

When viral elicitor was absent, Sw‐5b LRR suppressed the central NB‐ARC to maintain autoinhibition of the NB‐LRR segment. The CC and NTD domains independently and additively enhanced the autoinhibition of NB‐LRR.

When viral elicitor was present, the NB‐LRR segment of Sw‐5b was specifically activated to trigger a hypersensitive response. Surprisingly, Sw‐5b CC suppressed the activation of NB‐LRR, whereas the extra NTD of Sw‐5b became a positive regulator and fully activated the resistance protein, probably by relieving the inhibitory effects of the CC. In infection assays of transgenic plants, the NB‐LRR segment alone was insufficient to confer resistance against Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus; the layers of NTD and CC regulation on NB‐LRR were required for Sw‐5b to confer resistance.

Based on these findings, we propose that, to counter the negative regulation of the CC on NB‐LRR, Sw‐5b evolved an extra NTD to coordinate with the CC, thus developing a multilayered regulatory mechanism to control autoinhibition and activation.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Maïano C. , Hue O. , Morin A. J. S. , Moullec G.
Published: May 2016

Although there have been numerous studies examining the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities, they have not yet been integrated and synthesized through a systematic quantitative review process. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine: (i) the prevalence of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities; (ii) the sources of heterogeneity in studies reporting the prevalence of overweight/obesity in this population; and (iii) the risk of overweight/obesity in this population compared with their typically developing peers. A systematic literature search was performed and 16 studies, published between 1985 and 2015, met the inclusion criteria. The resulting pooled prevalence estimates for overweight, overweight–obesity and obesity were respectively: (i) 15%, 30%, and 13%, in children; and (ii) 18%, 33%, and 15% in adolescents. Subgroup analyses showed significant variations in the pooled prevalence estimates as a function of geographical region, recruitment setting, additional diagnoses, and norms used to define overweight or obesity. The findings also showed adolescents with intellectual disabilities to be respectively 1.54 and 1.80 times more at risk of overweight–obesity and obesity than typically developing adolescents. Unfortunately, no such comparison is available for children. © 2016 World Obesity
What Determines Ethical Behavior in Public Organizations: Is It Rules or Leadership?
Authors: Downe James , Cowell Richard , Morgan Karen
Published: May 2016

Leadership is widely seen as having an important role in fostering ethical conduct in organizations, but the ways in which the actions of leaders intersect with formal ethics regulation in shaping conduct have been little researched. This article examines this issue through a qualitative study of the operation of the “ethical framework” for English local government, which entailed all councils adopting a code of conduct to regulate the behavior of local politicians. Studying local government provides an opportunity to examine how personal and managerial factors combine to influence ethical conduct and to analyze the ways in which ethical leadership is exercised through multiple people in leadership roles (politicians and managers). The article finds that organizations that exhibit consistently good conduct have multiple leaders who demonstrate good conduct but also act to preempt the escalation of problems and thereby minimize the explicit use of ethics regulation.
Effect of Ca Ionophore On Blastocyst Production Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Caprine Oocytes
Authors: Kharche SD , Pathak J , Agarwal S , Kushwah B , Sikarwar AKS
Published: May 2016

Contents

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of calcium ionophore activation on blastocyst production following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in in vitro‐matured Caprine oocytes. A total of 470 in vitro‐matured oocytes were selected and randomly divided in to three groups. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered by slicing the Caprine ovaries were matured in TCM199 supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) + 10% follicular fluid + FSH (5 μg/ml) + LH (10 μg/ml) + estradiol (1 μg/ml) + EGF (10 ng/ml) + BSA (3 mg/ml) for 27 h in humidified atmosphere at 38.5°C with 5% CO2 in CO2 incubator. After 27 h of culture, selected COCs (n = 470) were separated from cumulus cells by treating with 0.1% hyaluronidase enzyme and passing repeatedly through a fine pipette and randomly divided into three groups. In group 1, (n = 168) matured oocytes were injected with injection micropipette without sperm as control. In group 2, (n = 152) capacitated spermatozoa were injected into cytoplasm of in vitro‐matured oocytes through injection micropipette. In group 3, (n = 150) capacitated spermatozoa were injected into cytoplasm of in vitro‐matured oocytes through injection micropipette and then activated with 5 μm Ca ionophore for 5 min. The oocytes of all groups were then culture in RVCL media for embryo development. The cleavage rate was observed after 48–72 h of injection. The cleavage rate and blastocyst production in group 1, 2 and 3 were 0.00 and 0.00, 18.42 and 3.57 and 61.33% and 16.30%, respectively. The result indicated that mechanical activation failed to induce cleavage in in vitro‐matured Caprine oocytes, whereas chemical activation of intracytoplasmic sperm‐injected in vitro‐matured Caprine oocytes showed significantly higher cleavage rate and blastocyst production as compare to non‐activated oocytes.
CAN A COMMON CURRENCY INDUCE INTRA‐REGIONAL TRADE? THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kabir Shahriar , Salim Ruhul
Published: May 2016

Recent literature strongly suggests that a common currency could be a potential long‐term currency arrangement for Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). However, a high level of macroeconomic heterogeneity among these countries raises questions about the viability of managing a common monetary policy in the long run. In response to such currency management policy debate, this study analyzes the intra‐regional trade induction capability of a common currency for the ASEAN region. Using a gravity model of trade and an extended event study approach, the study finds that a common currency would induce intra‐ASEAN trade by 11–14 cents against every dollar of ASEAN gross domestic product. However, if the cost of managing regional macroeconomic harmonization is substantially high, a currency union for the ASEAN economy not be cost effective.
Proxy Brigands and Tourists: Visualizing the Greek‐German Front in the Debt Crisis
Authors: Kalantzis Konstantinos
Published: May 2016

This article explores Greek social imagination and daily experiences during the debt crisis particularly in relation to Germany, which is increasingly the object of public suspicion with reference to its role in Greece's bailout program. The essay investigates the prevailing Greek fantasy of nativism and the role of the visual in its constitution and conception during a period characterized by anxiety over national sovereignty. Furthermore, the article explores Greek‐German social relations in western highland Crete, which lies at the intersection of cultural investments, as an archetype of the native. The essay especially focuses on photography and other material practices in unraveling the complexities, circularities, and ambivalences in the relationship between Cretans and German tourists and between Greek national imagination and German cultural representations.
“The Metaphysics of the Greek Crisis”: Visual Art and Anthropology at the Crossroads
Authors: Yalouri Eleana
Published: May 2016

During times of uncertainty and ‘crisis’, the religious and the metaphysical may acquire particular resonance and be employed to explain experiences of deprivation and insecurity which cannot be accounted for in rational terms. Using a montage of YouTube videos, the author together with a visual artist have drawn attention to “the metaphysics of the Greek crisis” and the power of its visual cultures. This article gives an account of the history of the montage's making and of some of the issues that arise from a work such as this that stands at the crossroads of anthropology and contemporary art.
‘Crisis’ as Art: Young Artists Envisage Mutating Greece
Authors: Rikou Elpida , Chaviara Io
Published: May 2016

This article examines Greek visual arts production during the ‘crisis’—a period when the country's contemporary art scene gained international attention. Our research focuses on emerging young artists studying at the Athens School of Fine Arts (2010–2013). We present various works exploring issues of national identity and the politics of ‘crisis’ that we consider as exceptional in the sense that the majority of students and academics consciously distance their art from current and “trendy” sociopolitical matters. Several artworks incorporate contingency in their own way and may entrap the viewers into a perplexing web of meanings that critically subvert stereotypes.
Modeling of a Solar Receiver for Superheating Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Lapp Justin L. , Guerra-Niehoff Alejandro , Streber Hans-Peter , Thomey Dennis , Roeb Martin , Sattler Christian
Published: May 2016

A volumetric solar receiver for superheating evaporated sulfuric acid is developed as part of a 100 kW pilot plant for the hybrid sulfur (HyS) cycle. The receiver, which uses silicon carbide foam as a heat transfer medium, heats evaporated sulfuric acid using concentrated solar energy to temperatures of 1000 °C or greater, which are required for the downstream catalytic reaction to split sulfur trioxide into oxygen and sulfur dioxide. Multiple parallel approaches for modeling and analysis of the receiver are used to design the prototype. Focused numerical modeling and thermodynamic analysis are applied to answer individual design and performance questions. Numerical simulations focused on fluid flow are used to determine the best arrangement of inlets, while thermodynamic analysis is used to evaluate the optimal dimensions and operating parameters. Finally, a numerical fluid mechanics and heat transfer model is used to predict the temperature field within the receiver. Important lessons from the modeling efforts are given, and their impacts on the design of a prototype are discussed.
Determination of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Solar Thermal Collectors as Heat Source for a Residential Heat Pump
Authors: Sourbron Maarten G. , Ozalp Nesrin
Published: May 2016

With reducing energy demand and required installed mechanical system power of modern residences, alternate heat pump system configurations with a possible increased economic viability emerge. Against this background, this paper presents a numerically examined energy feasibility study of a solar driven heat pump system for a low energy residence in a moderate climate, where a covered flat plate solar collector served as the sole low temperature heat source. A parametric study on the ambient-to-solarfluid heat transfer coefficient was conducted to determine the required solar collector heat transfer characteristics in this system setup. Moreover, solar collector area and storage tank volume were varied to investigate their impact on the system performance. A new performance indicator “availability” was defined to assess the contribution of the solar collector as low temperature energy source of the heat pump. Results showed that the use of a solar collector as low temperature heat source was feasible if its heat transfer rate (UA-value) was 200 W/K or higher. Achieving this value with a realistic solar collector area (A-value) required an increase of the overall ambient-to-solarfluid heat transfer coefficient (U-value) with a factor 6–8 compared to the base case with heat exchange between covered solar collector and ambient.
Design-Focused Stress Analysis of Cylindrical Pressure Vessels Intersected by Small-Diameter Nozzles
Authors: Mukhtar Faisal M. , Al-Gahtani Husain J.
Published: May 2016

In a related work previously carried out by the authors, finite element analysis of cylindrical vessel–cylindrical nozzle juncture based on the use of thin shell theory, due to the fact that the intersecting nozzle sizes are moderate to large, have been presented. Such analysis becomes invalid in cases when the nozzles are small in sizes which may result in nozzles whose configuration violates the validity of shell assumption. As a result, use of solid elements (based on theory of elasticity) in modeling the cylindrical vessels with small-diameter nozzles is presented in the present paper. Discussions of the numerical experiments and the results achieved are, first, given. The results are then compared with the prediction by other models reported in the literature. In order to arrive at the overall design charts that cover all the possible ranges of nozzle-to-vessel diameter ratio, the charts for the vessels with moderate-to-large-diameter nozzles are augmented with those of cylindrical vessels intersected by small-diameter nozzles developed in this work.
Finite-Time Tracker Design for Uncertain Nonlinear Fractional-Order Systems
Authors: Binazadeh Tahereh
Published: May 2016

This paper considers the problem of finite-time output tracking for a class of nonautonomous nonlinear fractional-order (FO) systems in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances. The finite-time control methods indicate better properties in terms of robustness, disturbance rejection, and settling time. Thus, design of a robust nonsingular controller for finite-time output tracking of a time-varying reference signal is considered in this paper, and a novel FO nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (TSMC) is designed, which can conquer the uncertainties and guarantees the finite-time convergence of the system output toward the desired time-varying reference signal. For this purpose, an appropriate nonsingular terminal sliding manifold is designed, where maintaining the system's states on this manifold leads to finite-time vanishing of error signal (i.e., ensures the finite-time occurrence of both reaching and sliding phases). Moreover, by tacking the fractional derivative of the sliding manifold, the convergence of system's trajectories into the terminal sliding manifold in a finite time is proven, and the convergence time is estimated. Finally, in order to verify the theoretical results, the proposed method is applied to an FO model of a horizontal platform system (FO-HPS), and the computer simulations show the efficiency of the proposed method in finite-time output tracking.
Split Hamming String as an Isomorphism Test for One Degree-of-Freedom Planar Simple-Jointed Kinematic Chains Containing Sliders
Authors: Dharanipragada Varadaraju , Chintada Mohankumar
Published: May 2016

Over the last six decades, kinematicians have devised many tests for the identification of isomorphism among kinematic chains (KCs) with revolute pairs. But when it comes to KCs with prismatic pairs, tests are woefully absent and the age-old method of visual inspection is being resorted to even today. This void is all the more conspicuous because sliders are present in all kinds of machinery like quick-return motion mechanism, Davis steering gear, trench hoe, etc. The reason for this unfortunate avoidance is the difficulty in discriminating between sliding and revolute pairs in the link–link adjacency matrix, a popular starting point for many methods. This paper attempts to overcome this obstacle by (i) using joint–joint adjacency, (ii) labeling the revolute pairs first, followed by the sliding pairs, and (iii) observing whether an element of the adjacency matrix belongs to revolute–revolute (RR), revolute–prismatic (RP) (or PR), or prismatic–prismatic (PP) zone, where R and P stand for revolute and prismatic joints, respectively. A procedure similar to hamming number technique is applied on the adjacency matrix but each hamming number is now split into three components, so as to yield the split hamming string (SHS). It is proposed in this paper that the SHS is a reliable and simple test for isomorphism among KCs with prismatic pairs. Using a computer program in python, this method has been applied successfully on a single degree-of-freedom (DOF) simple-jointed planar six-bar chains (up to all possible seven prismatic pairs) and eight-bar KCs (up to all ten prismatic pairs). For six-bar chains, the total number of distinct chains obtained was 94 with 47 each for Watt and Stephenson lineages. For eight-bar chains, the total number is 7167 with the distinct chain count and the corresponding link assortment in parenthesis as 3780(0-4-4), 3037(1-2-5), and 350(2-0-6). Placing all these distinct KCs in a descending order based on SHS can substantially simplify communication during referencing, storing, and retrieving.
Foreword
Authors: Davidson John , Delbrück Hansgerd
Published: May 2016

Foreword
Narcissism and German Extremism in Kleist's Penthesilea
Authors: Delbrück Hansgerd
Published: May 2016

Narcissism and German Extremism in Kleist's Penthesilea
Homer in Goethe's Iphigenie auf Tauris and in Grillparzer's Weh dem, der lügt!
Authors: Delbrück Hansgerd
Published: May 2016

Homer in Goethe's Iphigenie auf Tauris and in Grillparzer's Weh dem, der lügt!
Henrik Ibsen's The Master Builder as a Case Study of Pre-Freudian Psychiatry
Authors: Delbrück Hansgerd
Published: May 2016

Henrik Ibsen's The Master Builderas a Case Study of Pre-Freudian Psychiatry
Switchable 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene and 1-hexanol ionic liquid analyzed by liquid ToF-SIMS
Authors: Yao Juan , Zhou Yufan , Sui Xiao , Lao David , Heldebrant David , Zhu Zihua , Yu Xiao-Ying
Published: May 2016

Switchable ionic liquids (SWIL) play an important role in green chemistry. Due to the nature of SWIL chemistry, such as air sensitivity, pressure, and temperature dependence, it is difficult to characterize SWIL using vacuum-based surface techniques. The fully CO2 loaded 1:1 mixtures of 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene (DBU) and 1-hexanol (a SWIL system) and non-CO2 loaded DBU and 1-hexanol mixture were analyzed by in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) coupled with the system for analysis at the liquid vacuum interface (SALVI), respectively. The DBU/1-hexanol/CO2 SWIL was injected into the microchannel before liquidsecondary ion mass spectrometryanalysis. Bi3+ primary ion beam was used. The positive and negative spectra of the SWIL chemical components are presented. The characteristic peaks m/z 153 (protonated DBU) in the positive mode and m/z 101 (deprotonated 1-hexanol) in the negative mode were observed. In addition, ion pair peaks including m/z 253, 319, 305, and 451 in the positive mode and m/z 145, 223, and 257 in the negative mode are first observed using this approach. These results demonstrate that the SALVI microfluidic reactor enables the vacuum-based surface technique (i.e., ToF-SIMS) for in situ characterization of challenging liquid samples such as ionic liquids.
Observations and Bayesian location methodology of transient acoustic signals (likely blue whales) in the Indian Ocean, using a hydrophone triplet
Authors: Le Bras Ronan J. , Kuzma Heidi , Sucic Victor , Bokelmann Götz
Published: May 2016

A notable sequence of calls was encountered, spanning several days in January 2003, in the central part of the Indian Ocean on a hydrophone triplet recording acoustic data at a 250 Hz sampling rate. This paper presents signal processing methods applied to the waveform data to detect, group, extract amplitude and bearing estimates for the recorded signals. An approximate location for the source of the sequence of calls is inferred from extracting the features from the waveform. As the source approaches the hydrophone triplet, the source level (SL) of the calls is estimated at 187 ± 6 dB re: 1 μPa-1 m in the 15–60 Hz frequency range. The calls are attributed to a subgroup of blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus, with a characteristic acoustic signature. A Bayesian location method using probabilistic models for bearing and amplitude is demonstrated on the calls sequence. The method is applied to the case of detection at a single triad of hydrophones and results in a probability distribution map for the origin of the calls. It can be extended to detections at multiple triads and because of the Bayesian formulation, additional modeling complexity can be built-in as needed.
Health-Related Fitness, Motor Coordination, and Physical and Sedentary Activities of Urban and Rural Children in Suriname
Authors: Walhain Fenna , van Gorp Marloes , Lamur Kenneth S. , Veeger Dirkjan H.E.J. , Ledebt Annick
Published: May 2016

Background:

Health-related fitness (HRF) and motor coordination (MC) can be influenced by children’s environment and lifestyle behavior. This study evaluates the association between living environment and HRF, MC, and physical and sedentary activities of children in Suriname.

Methods:

Tests were performed for HRF (morphological, muscular, and cardiorespiratory component), gross MC (Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder), fine MC (Movement Assessment Battery for Children), and self-reported activities in 79 urban and 77 rural 7-year-old Maroon children. Urban-rural differences were calculated by an independent sample t test (Mann-Whitney U test if not normally distributed) and χ2 test.

Results:

No difference was found in body mass index, muscle strength, and the overall score of gross and fine MC. However, urban children scored lower in HRF on the cardiorespiratory component (P ≤ .001), in gross MC on walking backward (P = .014), and jumping sideways (P = 0.011). They scored higher in the gross MC component moving sideways (P ≤ .001) and lower in fine MC on the trail test (P = .036) and reported significantly more sedentary and fewer physical activities than rural children.

Conclusions:

Living environment was associated with certain components of HRF, MC, and physical and sedentary activities of 7-year-old children in Suriname. Further research is needed to evaluate the development of urban children to provide information for possible intervention and prevention strategies.
Unexpected revelations for study volunteer
Authors: Couzin-Frankel Jennifer
Published: May 2016

Years after signing up for a cholesterol study, a woman learns she's central to a paper.
Museum drawers go digital
Authors: Rogers Nala
Published: May 2016

New technology speeds efforts to display billions of natural history specimens online.
Preservation of Earth-forming events in the tungsten isotopic composition of modern flood basalts
Authors: Rizo Hanika , Walker Richard J. , Carlson Richard W. , Horan Mary F. , Mukhopadhyay Sujoy , Manthos Vicky , Francis Don , Jackson Matthew G.
Published: May 2016

Isotopes isolated after impact

Details about how Earth formed are gleaned from the daughter products of certain short-lived radioactive isotopes found in rocks. Rizo
et al.
describe subtle tungsten isotope variations in rocks from the very deep mantle in Baffin Island and the Ontong Java Plateau (see the Perspective by Dahl). The results suggest that portions of Earth have remained unmixed since it formed. The unmixed deep mantle rocks also imply that Earth's core formed from several large impact events.

Science
, this issue p.
809
; see also p.
768
Fusion peptide of HIV-1 as a site of vulnerability to neutralizing antibody
Authors: Kong Rui , Xu Kai , Zhou Tongqing , Acharya Priyamvada , Lemmin Thomas , Liu Kevin , Ozorowski Gabriel , Soto Cinque , Taft Justin D. , Bailer Robert T. , Cale Evan M. , Chen Lei , Choi Chang W. , Chuang Gwo-Yu , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Druz Aliaksandr , Georgiev Ivelin S. , Gorman Jason , Huang Jinghe , Joyce M. Gordon , Louder Mark K. , Ma Xiaochu , McKee Krisha , O’Dell Sijy , Pancera Marie , Yang Yongping , Blanchard Scott C. , Mothes Walther , Burton Dennis R. , Koff Wayne C. , Connors Mark , Ward Andrew B. , Kwong Peter D. , Mascola John R.
Published: May 2016

An antibody to block viral fusion

A small fraction of HIV-1–infected individuals develop broad and potent antibodies that bind the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env). These antibodies recognize a limited set of conserved epitopes on Env, such as Env's host receptor-binding site. Kong
et al.
now report a neutralizing antibody isolated from an HIV-1–infected individual that binds to the fusion peptide of Env. This is unexpected because viruses often try to mask such key components of their cell entry machinery from antibody attack. Crystal structures of the antibody bound to the fusion peptide and to Env itself define the epitope, provide insight into the specific mechanism of antibody binding, and may inform HIV-1 vaccine design.

Science
, this issue p.
828
Confronting stem cell hype
Authors: Caulfield Timothy , Sipp Douglas , Murry Charles E. , Daley George Q. , Kimmelman Jonathan
Published: May 2016

Against hyperbole, distortion, and overselling
IgA production requires B cell interaction with subepithelial dendritic cells in Peyer’s patches
Authors: Reboldi Andrea , Arnon Tal I. , Rodda Lauren B. , Atakilit Amha , Sheppard Dean , Cyster Jason G.
Published: May 2016

A recipe for intestinal lgA

Our guts are teeming with microbes, some friendly and others not. Plasma cells in the gut secrete immunoglobulin A (IgA), which helps to keep the peace with resident commensal bacteria and fights pathogens. B cell isotype switching to IgA occurs in lymphoid tissues called Peyer's patches. Reboldi
et al.
studied the cellular processes that guide B cells toward making IgA in mice. B cells took an unexpected journey from Peyer's patches follicles to the intestinal mucosa to interact with specialized IgA-triggering dendritic cells. The B cells then migrated back to the follicles to become IgA-producing B cells.

Science
, this issue p.
10.1126/science.aaf4822
Waking dreams
States of Mind Tracing the Edges of Consciousness
Emily Sargent, curator
Wellcome Collection, London. Through 16 October 2016.
Authors: Frazzetto Giovanni
Published: May 2016

Science and art collide in a probing portrait of the boundaries that define consciousness and awareness
Commentary: Where to Now for Standardization of Anti-Rubella Virus IgG Testing
Authors: Dimech Wayne
Published: May 2016

The lack of standardization of rubella IgG testing continues to be a problem 20 years since the standard was introduced. The situation is complex and poorly understood. As demonstrated by an article in this issue (E. Bouthry, M. Furione, D. Huzly, A. Ogee-Nwankwo, L. Hao, A. Adebayo, J. Icenogle, A. Sarasini, M. Grazia Revello, L. Grangeot-Keros, and C. Vauloup-Fellous, J Clin Microbiol 54:1720–1725, 2016,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00383-16
), the problem remains. The situation is far from being resolved, but at least the process for change has started.