bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of concentration and post-deposition annealing on silica coated germanium quantum dot thin films grown by vertical deposition
Authors: Oliva-Chatelain Brittany L. , Barron Andrew R.
Published: September 2016

Thin films have been grown using silica coated germanium quantum dot (Ge@SiO2) nanoparticles (NP) as well as their phosphorus-doped analogues (P-Ge@SiO2). The Ge quantum dots (QDs) were coated through the seeding of Stöber particles. The film thickness and uniformity were investigated using aqueous solutions at a range of dilutions from the as-prepared solutions. The films have been characterized by SEM, XRD, and I/V measurements of test solar cells using doped n-type Si substrates. While the films were relatively compact they are actually made of large plaques of particles rather than a continuous layer, and the film thickness showed little significant variation with concentration for the Ge@SiO2 films; although a more usual trend was observed for the P-Ge@SiO2 films. Films grown using a solution 1/4 of the maximum concentration provided the highest solar cell efficiency. Thermal annealing of the films prior to deposition of the front and back contacts enabled a doubling in the cell efficiency, but did not show any marked increase in the density or crystallinity of the films.
On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles
Authors: Messerschmidt Claudia , Hofmann Daniel , Kroeger Anja , Landfester Katharina , Mailänder Volker , Lieberwirth Ingo
Published: September 2016

For any living cell the exchange with its environment is vital. Therefore, many different kinds of cargo are able to enter cells via energy-dependent or -independent routes. Nanoparticles are no exemption. It is known that small silica nanoparticles with a diameter below 50 nm are taken up by cells and that their uptake exerts pronounced toxic effects beyond a certain concentration threshold. However, neither the exact uptake mechanism of these particles nor the actual reason for their toxicity has yet been elucidated. In this study we examined the uptake of silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 7, 12 and 22 nm by means of transmission electron microscopy, accompanied by toxicological assays. We show that for every particle diameter tested a different membrane morphology during uptake can be observed and that the amount of particles entering in one event is different for the three sizes. Silica particles with a diameter of 22 nm show single-particle internalization with a membrane wrapped around the particles in the cytosol, whereas 12 nm particles display row-like multi-particle uptake into elongated membrane structures and those with a diameter of 7 nm or less end up in tubular endocytic structures containing many particles. These membrane morphologies proved to be highly reproducible as we found them in five different cell lines. Additionally, we performed ATP and LDH assays to determine particle toxicity. Exceeding a certain concentration threshold the nanoparticles showed a high toxic potential both in the biochemical assay measurements and from morphological findings. We could not find any hint at the induction of apoptosis, neither morphologically nor biochemically. In this regard we discuss membrane damage and consumption as one possible mechanism of toxicity, linking morphological observations to toxicological findings to bridge the gap in understanding the mechanism of toxicity of small nanoparticles.
Enantioconvergent catalysis
Authors: Mohr Justin T , Moore Jared T , Stoltz Brian M
Published: September 2016

An enantioconvergent catalytic process has the potential to convert a racemic starting material to a single highly enantioenriched product with a maximum yield of 100%. Three mechanistically distinct approaches to effecting enantioconvergent catalysis are identified, and recent examples of each are highlighted. These processes are compared to related, non-enantioconvergent methods.
A multi-gene phylogeny ofLactifluus(Basidiomycota,Russulales) translated into a new infrageneric classification of the genus
Authors: De Crop E. , Nuytinck J. , Van de Putte K. , Wisitrassameewong K. , Hackel J. , Stubbe D. , Hyde K.D. , Roy M. , Halling R.E. , Moreau P.-A. , Eberhardt U. , Verbeken A.
Published: September 2016

Infrageneric relations of the genetically diverse milkcap genusLactifluus(Russulales,Basidiomycota) are poorly known. Currently used classification systems still largely reflect the traditional, mainly morphological, characters used for infrageneric delimitations of milkcaps. Increased sampling, combined with small-scale molecular studies, show that this genus is underexplored and in need of revision. For this study, we assembled an extensive dataset of the genusLactifluus, comprising 80 % of all known species and 30 % of the type collections. To unravel the infrageneric relationships within this genus, we combined a multi-gene molecular phylogeny, based on nuclear ITS, LSU,RPB2andRPB1, with a morphological study, focussing on five important characteristics (fruit body type, presence of a secondary velum, colour reaction of the latex/context, pileipellis type and presence of true cystidia).Lactifluuscomprises four supported subgenera, each containing several supported clades. With extensive sampling, ten new clades and at least 17 new species were discovered, which highlight the high diversity in this genus. The traditional infrageneric classification is only partly maintained and nomenclatural changes are proposed. Our morphological study shows that the five featured characteristics are important at different evolutionary levels, but further characteristics need to be studied to find morphological support for each clade. This study paves the way for a more detailed investigation of biogeographical history and character evolution withinLactifluus.
Intratracheal Dilation-injection Technique in the Treatment of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Patients with Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Fijolek Justyna , Wiatr Elzbieta , Gawryluk Dariusz , Martusewicz-Boros Magdalena Maria , Orlowski Tadeusz Maria , Dziedzic Dariusz , Polubiec-Kownacka Malgorzata , Oniszh Karina , Langfort Renata , Roszkowski-Sliz Kazimierz
Published: September 2016

Objective.

An analysis of subglottic stenosis (SGS) occurrence frequency in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) based on the time of appearance of clinical symptoms, and an assessment of treatment effectiveness, in particular with the intratracheal dilation-injection technique (IDIT).

Methods.

Review and treatment with IDIT of 34 patients with SGS associated with GPA.

Results.

SGS developed in 34 of 250 patients with GPA (13.6%) and was not reflective of disease activity in the organs in 15 of 34 patients (44%): 11 cases after and 4 cases during immunosuppressive therapy (IST) when patients did not have organ symptoms. All patients underwent IDIT and in total, the treatment resulted in immediate improvement. In addition, in 21 cases, IST was applied because of other organ involvement or of the lack of longterm efficacy of IDIT. The median time of response was 37 months and the median interval between sessions was 5 months. None of the patients required tracheostomy after beginning IDIT in our hospital.

Conclusion.

SGS often occurs independently of other features of active GPA. IDIT is a safe and effective technique in the treatment of GPA-related SGS. It should be performed in all patients with GPA who develop significant SGS and in those with multiorgan disease concomitantly with IST. In patients with isolated SGS, IDIT also makes IST and tracheostomy unnecessary.
Beta2-glycoprotein I Expression in Lupus Nephritis Patients with Antiphospholipid-associated Nephropathy
Authors: Gao Ruitong , Yu Wenqing , Wen Yubing , Li Hang
Published: September 2016

Objective.

Antiphospholipid-associated nephropathy (aPLN) is a severe condition in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). aPLN should be distinguished from other reasons for renal ischemia. The most important cofactor of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI), was shownin vitroto bind endothelial cells and to induce a procoagulant phenotype. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether β2GPI expression was involved in patients with LN with aPLN and to determine its specificity.

Methods.

We retrospectively investigated β2GPI expression in 231 renal biopsy specimens of patients with LN. Data from biopsy reports and clinical information were collected. Immunohistochemical staining for β2GPI expression was performed.

Results.

Histological aPLN was detected in 88 patients with LN (38.1%). The LN with aPLN consisted of 43 patients (18.6%). Expression of β2GPI was detected in endothelial cells in 14 (32.6%) in renal arteries or arterioles, 11 (25.6%) in glomerular or peritubular capillaries, and a total of 15 (34.9%) of the 43 patients with LN with aPLN. It was mainly expressed in the endothelial cells in patients with LN with aPLN (p < 0.05). The specificity of β2GPI expression in patients with LN with aPLN was 97.5%.

Conclusion.

Expression of β2GPI may be involved in the formation of aPLN in patients with LN. This expression in endothelial cells in kidney tissue may be considered a useful marker for aPLN.
Enterococcus faecium strain L-3 and glatiramer acetate ameliorate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats by affecting different populations of immune cells
Authors: Abdurasulova I.N. , Matsulevich A.V. , Tarasova E.A. , Kudryavtsev I.V. , Serebrjakova M.K. , Ermolenko E.I. , Bisaga G.N. , Klimenko V.M. , Suvorov A.N.
Published: September 2016

The effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain L-3 was studied in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Glatiramer acetate (GA) was used as control drug. E. faecium strain L-3 and GA both were able to reduce the severity of EAE in a similar fashion. Both approaches increased the proportion of EAE resistant rats and rats with mild disease, prolonged the inductive phase of EAE and reduced the disease duration. Study of the phenotypes of immune cells in blood revealed the differences in immunoregulatory pathways that mediate the protective action of probiotic or GA treatment of EAE. The presence of pronounced protective and immunomodulating effects of the probiotic E. faecium strain L-3 opens an opportunity of its application for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Intestinal immune maturation is accompanied by temporal changes in the composition of the microbiota
Authors: Den Hartog G. , De Vries-Reilingh G. , Wehrmaker A.M. , Savelkoul H.F.J. , Parmentier H.K. , Lammers A.
Published: September 2016

In animals establishment of the intestinal microbial ecosystem is influenced by mucosal immune functions. As mucosal immune functions dynamically change during development of juvenile layer chicken, this study focused on dynamics in the ileal microbiota composition in relation to intestinal immune development. In addition, the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) in serum and amount of bacteria coated with IgA, a hallmark of intestinal immune maturation, were analysed. The composition of the intestinal microbiota transiently changed at the age of 14-42 days compared to the microbiota composition before and after this period. This temporal deviation in microbiota composition was associated to a temporal increase in transcriptional activity of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Furthermore, before week two limited amounts of faecal bacteria were bound by IgM and from week two increasing amounts of bacteria were bound by IgA, reaching a maximal level of 70% of IgA-coated bacteria at 6 weeks of age. These data could indicate that prior to achievement of intestinal homeostasis at 6-10 weeks post hatch, activation of inflammatory pathways cause a temporal disturbance of the microbiota composition. This period of imbalance may be essential for adequate immune development and establishment of intestinal homeostasis.
What makes an elite equestrian rider?
Authors: Lamperd W. , Clarke D. , Wolframm I. , Williams J.
Published: September 2016

Eight international riders from Olympic equestrian disciplines, participated in semi-structured interviews investigating developmental factors which they felt had helped them achieve and retain elite status. Key factors were present across the variable rider journeys to elite status. Riders demonstrated a natural aptitude for horse sports, a desire to learn combined with exposure to environments which fostered confidence and skill development: access to elite and developmental horses, observing elite riders, access to coaches and parental support. Riders consistently questioned the status quo of their practice: through partnerships with multiple horses, self-development and horse-development, and were motivated and driven, with a clear belief that they would achieve success; attributes that remain once elite status was achieved. Success appears initially motivated by participation in equine sports for fun and as rider investment was rewarded by winning, with associated financial benefits. When elite status is attained, motivation and definitions of success become focused more upon the relationship with their horse and the constant challenge of developing their own and their horses’ skills. Elite status appears associated with a successful philosophy that underpins rider’ practice: the way riders’ think, ride, train and run their business, underpinned by distinct individual philosophies. These factors combined help riders remain successful at the highest level of their sport.
Exercise training-induced changes in the gut microbiota of Standardbred racehorses
Authors: Janabi A.H.D. , Biddle A.S. , Klein D. , McKeever K.H.
Published: September 2016

Exercise has a significant effect on different physiological systems in the body of human and animals. Only limited numbers of published studies in laboratory animals or humans have shown the effect of exercise on the gut microbiota, and no studies have shown this effect in horses. In this study, 8 horses (4 mares, 4 geldings) were exercise trained for 12 weeks, and 4 additional mares were used as a parallel seasonal control. To identify bacterial community changes over time for both groups, rectal faecal samples were collected, DNA was extracted, and the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) was sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. One-way ANOVA, Shannon diversity index, and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) were used to identify differences between and among samples. The exercise training group showed significant changes in the levels ofBacteroidetes, Proteobacteria,andSpirochaetesphyla (P<0.05), while there were no changes in the gut microbiota of the seasonal control group through the three months of the study (P>0.05). Moreover, with training two genera significantly changed in their relative abundance over time, namelyClostridiumandDysgonomonas(P<0.05).Dysgonomonasspp. was significantly changed in abundance during the exercise training period (P<0.05). AlsoTreponemaspp. showed significant changes during the exercise training period (P<0.05). Shannon diversity index was decreased (P<0.05) in the exercise group at the beginning of the study, but then returned to pre-training levels. PCoA showed significant separation between time points of the exercise training group as far as the levels of genera and species (P<0.05) represented. Our results show that exercise training influences the gut microbiota, especially at the beginning of training.
Individual and combined effects of feed artificially contaminated with with fumonisin B1 and T-2 toxin in weaned rabbits
Authors: Hafner D. , Szabó A. , D’Costa L. , Szabó-Fodor J. , Tornyos G. , Blochné Bodnár Zs. , Ölbeiné Horvatovich K. , Baloghné Zándoki E. , Bóta B. , Kovács M.
Published: September 2016

Co-contamination of feed and feed raw materials with two or more mycotoxins is frequently reported, however, only a few studies have investigated the combined effects of low doses of multiple mycotoxins. In the present study the individual and combined effects of 10 mg/kg fumonisin B1 and 2 mg/kg T-2 toxin (n=12/group) were investigated in weaned rabbits. Mycotoxin contaminated feed was produced by adding fungal cultures ofFusarium verticillioides andFusarium sporotrichioides, and fed to 40 days old rabbits during 28 days. Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly, serum biochemistry and antioxidant parameters on day 0, 14 and 28, while histopathological examination and comet assay were performed at the end of the experiment. T-2 exposure both alone and in combination resulted in 15-18% less final body weight compared to the control and FB1 treatment. There was a significant increase in the concentration of plasma total protein, albumin, fructosamine and creatinine in the group treated with FB1 compared to the control. The liver and the kidney of most animals treated with T-2 toxin, FB1 and their combination showed pathological changes, occurring more frequent in animals exposed to both toxins. T-2 resulted in depletion of lymphocytes in the spleen. FB1 and T-2 exerted synergistic effect on the antioxidant/oxidative parameters after 2 weeks of exposure, manifesting in less glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, while more malondialdehyde was produced. Both toxins caused DNA damage in the lymphocytes, which was more pronounced in the group fed T-2 toxin and T-2 combined with FB1, without additive or synergistic effects.
Choroidal Freckling in Pediatric Patients Affected by Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Vagge Aldo , Nelson Leonard B. , Capris Paolo , Traverso Carlo Enrico
Published: September 2016

Greater understanding of choroidal freckling in patients affected by neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) has changed the previous belief that choroidal lesions are unusual in eyes with this disease. In fact, the high frequency of freckling suggests that the choroid is a structure commonly affected in patients with NF1. A review of patients aged 16 years or younger was performed. Recent studies using near-infrared reflectance imaging have shown that choroidal freckling frequently occurred in pediatric patients. As a result of these findings, some authors have suggested that choroidal freckling should be considered as a new diagnostic criterion for NF1.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(5):271–274.]
Muestras del estrofismo andalusí y su métrica según la poesía hebrea
Authors: Martínez Delgado José
Published: September 2016

Las primeras muestras de poesía hebrea andalusí inspiradas en la métrica y figuras árabes datadas a mediados del siglo X en Córdoba adoptan la forma de musammaṭ. El musammaṭ hebreo presenta juegos estróficos y modificaciones métricas que, en realidad, no son aceptadas en la poesía hebrea inspirada en la métrica árabe clásica. Estas desviaciones se producen en toda la tradición literaria judía andalusí (siglos X-XII). En este artículo se han seleccionado y analizado varias muestras de musammaṭ hebreos que reflejan este uso y, además, al contener un acróstico nos permiten identificar a su autor y época. Con ello, se intenta arrojar luz sobre dos premisas aceptadas actualmente. La primera postula que el estrofismo de la poesía andalusí tiene su origen en el musammaṭ y, la segunda, que en la poesía hebrea andalusí se dan dos modelos métricos: el cuantitativo y el silábico.
Innovación y ruptura en la métrica de la poesía en al-Maqāmāt al-Luzūmiyya de al-Saraqusṭī (s. VI/XII)
Authors: Ferrando Ignacio
Published: September 2016

Al-Maqāmāt al-Luzūmiyya, la colección de 50 relatos de corte picaresco escritos en una exigente prosa rimada por Abū l-Ṭāhir al-Saraqusṭī en al-Andalus en el siglo VI/XII, han sido consideradas por los críticos occidentales como piezas de alta retórica y de virtuosismo lingüístico en las que el contenido es prácticamente irrelevante. Sin embargo, a partir de los años 80 del siglo pasado, algunos investigadores han tratado de incidir en el hecho de que esta obra contiene cierto grado de crítica social y política, puesto que constituye un espacio ficticio en el que la subversión y la ironía desempeñan un papel fundamental. En este trabajo vamos a tratar de arrojar luz sobre el uso particular de los esquemas métricos por parte de al-Saraqusṭī, tratando de mostrar que los metros constituyen otro más de los ámbitos de subversión tan caros al autor. De hecho, el uso de ritmos “invertidos” o contrarios a los más habituales de la poesía clásica contribuye a darle a la maqāma ese aire de anti género que la puebla.
Contribuciones adicionales de ‘Abd al-Ḥaqq al-Islāmī a la polémica judío-musulmana
Authors: Mazuz Haggai
Published: September 2016

‘Abd al-Ḥaqq al-Islāmī, un polemista musulmán del siglo XIV y de origen judío, ha sido algo silenciado por la investigación puesto que existían dudas respecto a la excepcionalidad y originalidad de su pensamiento, así como respecto a la extensión de su educación en el Judaísmo. Este artículo, parte de un estudio más amplio, intenta superar esas dudas demostrando que ‘Abd al-Ḥaqq hizo una contribución única a las obras de polémica musulmana anti-judía, mostró una amplia originalidad en su extenso uso de la gematría y adaptación de las fuentes a su agenda, mostrando, asimismo, un gran conocimiento judío. Esto último queda demostrado por su familiaridad con la estructura y el mensaje bíblicos, por un conocimiento superficial de partes de la ley oral y por una cierta habilidad con el hebreo.
Redes de conectividad entre empresas tecnológicas a través de un análisis métrico longitudinal de menciones de usuario en Twitter
Authors: Azorín-Richarte David , Orduna-Malea Enrique , Ontalba-Ruipérez José Antonio
Published: September 2016

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es identificar y describir (mediante un análisis cibermétrico de menciones de usuario) la intensidad y evolución de las relaciones establecidas entre compañías de un determinado sector industrial (tecnología) a través de sus correspondientes cuentas corporativas de Twitter, con el propósito de comprobar el valor que un análisis métrico de estas características puede tener a la hora de determinar la conectividad entre dichas compañías. Para ello se han contabilizado las menciones, tanto directas (MT) como ReTweets (RT), entre las cuentas de Twitter de una muestra de 50 compañías internacionales durante un período de seis meses. Los resultados indican que el grado de interacción entre las 50 empresas tecnológicas es débil (tanto si contamos el número de conexiones establecidas como si cuantificamos la intensidad de estas conexiones), estable, concentrado en unas pocas relaciones específicas y de carácter marcadamente asimétrico. Se concluye que, dada la baja interactividad detectada, las cuentas corporativas de las empresas tecnológicas en Twitter no son suficientes para analizar desde un punto de vista métrico la conectividad web establecida entre éstas, aunque sí útiles para conocer las políticas de comunicación oficiales entre ellas.
¿Relegan los informativos audiovisuales en España la investigación en Ciencias Humanas y Sociales? ‘Las otras ciencias’
Authors: Meneses Fernández María Dolores
Published: September 2016

Este estudio explora la idea de ciencia e investigación difundida por los informativos televisivos y radiofónicos en España. Responde el interrogante de si el periodismo audiovisual español discrimina la investigación en Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CHS) respecto a las llamadas ‘ciencias duras’. Para comprobarlo se rastrearon los informativos emitidos durante las ediciones de la Semana de la Ciencias celebradas de 2001 a 2014. Los resultados revelan a partir de qué disciplinas construyen los periodistas su percepción de la ciencia. En ese panorama audiovisual se cuantifica la cobertura de las investigaciones en Humanidades y Sociales. Los datos permiten, además, comparar el comportamiento del periodismo español con el de otros países, insertándolo en el mapeo internacional de la cobertura mediática de ambas ramas del conocimiento.
Medición de la presencia de la lengua española en la Internet: métodos y resultados
Authors: Pimienta Daniel , Prado Daniel
Published: September 2016

En esta comunicación se resumen estudios recientes que exploran y analizan la situación de la lengua española en la Internet e infiere lecciones metodológicas que podrían ser útiles para estudios similares para otros idiomas. El método ha sido utilizado por primera vez para obtener resultados acerca de la situación de la lengua francesa en la Internet, en un estudio financiado por la Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Al tomarse en cuenta una selección de espacios y aplicaciones de mucho uso, la lengua española podría ser considerada entre la tercera y la cuarta lengua dentro de los usos de la Internet (cuando es la tercera en número de internautas) ocupando los primeros lugares en materia de P2P, videos y blogs, apreciándose un rol menor en materia de libros, páginas web y aplicaciones. Es así como el español en la Internet parece actuar más dinámicamente como vector de comunicación que como vector de información.
Genetic Disturbances in Patients with Bodily Isomerism from a Single Center: Clinical Implications of Affected Genes and Potential Impact of Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Frommelt Peter C. , Anderson Robert H.
Published: September 2016

So-called heterotaxy or isomerism is characterized by abnormal lateralization and malformations of the bodily organs. The mechanism is unclear, although there is growing evidence that ciliary dyskinesia is involved. We reviewed genetic findings from patients with isomerism to determine if affected genes were known to be associated with isomerism and ciliary dyskinesia and determine associations between genotype and clinical findings. We identified patients with isomerism cared for over a 16- year period. Characteristics were compared between those with and without identified mutations. A total of 83 patients with isomerism were identified. Of those who had genotyping, 14/27 had mutations identified, most frequently involving the CFC1 and NODAL genes. Specific mutations were associated with clinical findings, with NODAL mutations often portending need for increased clinical support. Genes associated with isomerism and/or ciliary dyskinesia were identified in the cohort. Specific gene mutations may help predict clinical course.
The sag: A forgotten parameter in need of resurrection?
Authors: Gillan Wayne D.H.
Published: September 2016

The advent of large-diameter rigid contact lenses (semi-scleral lenses) has necessitated renewed understanding of the concept of ‘the sag’ of a contact lens and/or cornea. This article reviews the concept of ‘the sag’ and how to calculate the sag for spherical and aspherical surfaces. Reviews of empirical studies investigating the sag of the eye are presented. Data for normal and keratoconic corneas for sags as measured with an Oculus Keratograph are also included. How to include empirical measurements obtained in practice, in the determination of a first-trial semi-scleral lens, is suggested.
Browser impacts in Mapungubwe National Park, South Africa: Should we be worried?
Authors: Coetsee Corli , Wigley Benjamin J.
Published: September 2016

This study explores the impact of browsers on vegetation types within the Mapungubwe National Park and specifically whether rocky outcrops or ridges in the park serve as refugia from browsers, particularly elephants. We sampled 80 transects at 20 sites and recorded 1740 plants comprising 65 species. We found that a high proportion (> 80%) of the woody vegetation sampled indicated browser utilisation. Although certain woody species (e.g. Albizia harveyi, Boscia albitrunca, Lannea schweinfurthii) appeared to be preferred by browsers, browsing levels were relatively high among all woody species. High levels of browsing by herbivores other than elephants suggest that they have a significant impact on the park’s vegetation. We did not find that rocky ridges acted as refugia to browsers, but instead found that vegetation in rocky ridges was more severely impacted by browsers than vegetation in flat areas, despite vegetation being more accessible in flat areas. If elephant numbers continue to increase at the current rate (e.g. elephant numbers doubled between 2007 and 2010), we predict that some of the heavily utilised species will become locally rare over time.Conservation implications: High levels of browsing by both elephant and smaller herbivores contribute to significant impacts on vegetation away from rivers in Mapungubwe National Park. Without management interventions that address both types of impact, structural and species diversity are bound to decrease over the short to medium term.
Oral literature and the evolving Jim-goes-to-town motif: Some early Northern Sotho compared to selected post-apartheid novels written in English
Authors: Rafapa Lesibana
Published: September 2016

The continuation of the discourses of apartheid era African language literature characterised by the makgoweng motif in post-apartheid English literature written by black people has not been studied adequately. In this study I explored ways in which characters of Northern Sotho linguistic and cultural groups represented the same consciousness in both categories of novels across time. I used the qualitative method and analysed some Northern Sotho primary texts, written before democracy in South Africa, as well as selected post-apartheid English novels written by black people. I focused on the mokgoweng motif to examine the nature of continuity in theme and outlook. I found that the novels considered pointed to a sustainable consciousness, transcending linguistic boundaries and time. The social function of such characterisation representing the formerly oppressed black people, is a revelation of their quest towards selfdefinition in a modern world. The portrayed characters significantly point to resilience among black people to appropriate modernity by making sense of the world in a manner sustaining their distinctive outlook. In this way, the Northern Sotho-speaking cultural groups display a consistent consciousness enabling them to manage properly their adaptation to an evolving modern or globalising environment across time. The implication was that a comparison of South African English literature written by black people with indigenous language literature enriched the study of black South African English literature.
Correlation of clivoaxial angle to skeletal malocclusions: A prescreening for future risk of neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Bhusri Navdeep , Lim Dennis C.
Published: September 2016

Objectives

To find out if there exists any correlation between clivoaxial angle (CXA) and skeletal malocclusions.

Materials

and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 33 filipino patients equally divided in three types of skeletal malocclusions were traced, and cephalometric parameters CXA, BaSN, ANB, SNMPA, FMA, MMPA, and Y-axis were traced. Data underwent bivariate correlation and curve estimation analysis in SPSS 17.0 statistical software at confidence interval of 95% and 0.05 significance level.

Results

A highly significant (P = 0.003) strong negative correlation was revealed in Class III patients between CXA and BaSN.

Conclusion

Class III patients seem to have higher chances of craniocervical junction anomalies and thus might be at risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders in future.
Maxillary bone defects and their relationship to transverse maxillary discrepancies
Authors: Peña-Montero Claludia A. , Rivas-Gutierrez Rafael , Sierra-Rosales Enrique , Diaz-Peña Rogelio
Published: September 2016

Objectives

The relationship between the presence of bone defects (fenestrations and dehiscences) observed in lateral slices in computerized axial tomography (CAT) images and maxillomandibular transverse discrepancies was determined.

Methods

The sample was composed of 160 CAT scan files, corresponding to 9–25-year-old patients, which had been taken prior to orthodontic treatment at a radiology center in Guadalajara, México, from 2009 to 2012. They were grouped by age, and we identified bone defects in maxillary teeth (first and second premolars and first molars). The maxillary (JL-JR) and mandibular (GA-AG) widths were measured, and the maxillomandibular discrepancy ([GA-AG]-[JL-JR]) was calculated. Chi-square and t-tests were performed.

Results

The values of maxillomandibular discrepancies increased with the age of the patient. There was no association between the magnitude of the maxillomandibular discrepancy and the presence of bone defects. The gender of the individual was not a decisive factor in whether bone defects were present.

Conclusion

Bone defects occur in the vast majority of patients pretreatment regardless of the magnitude of the maxillomandibular discrepancy.
Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics
Authors: Bhandari Shailesh Mohanlal
Published: September 2016

This case report demonstrates an orthodontic method that offers short treatment time and the ability to simultaneously reshape and increase the buccolingual thickness of the supporting alveolar bone. A 23-year-old female with Angle’s Class I moderately to severely crowded malocclusion with periodontal pocket with 31 and reduced thickness of the buccal cortical plate of lower anteriors, requested shortened orthodontic treatment time. This surgery technique included buccal full-thickness flaps, selective partial decortication of the cortical plates, concomitant bone grafting/augmentation, and primary flap closure. Following the surgery, orthodontic adjustments were made approximately every 2 weeks. From bracketing to debracketing, the case was completed in approximately 7 months and 3 weeks. Posttreatment evaluation of patient revealed good results. Preexisting thin labial bony cortical plate with lower anteriors was covered. This finding suggests credence to the incorporation of the bone augmentation procedure into the corticotomy surgery because this made it possible to complete the orthodontic treatment with a more intact periodontium. The rapid expansive tooth movements with no significant apical root resorption may be attributed to the osteoclastic or catabolic phase of the regional acceleratory phenomenon.
A modified endodontic post for three-dimensional root control in orthodontics
Authors: Sandhu Sarabjeet Singh , Puri Taruna , Sandhu Navreet
Published: September 2016

Interdisciplinary teamwork is a complex process in which different specialties work together to share expertise, knowledge, and skills to impact on patient care. This article describes the interdisciplinary management of a patient with a new innovative method of using endodontic post and core in orthodontics for three-dimensional root control of a root stump.
Integral foliated simplicial volume of hyperbolic 3-manifolds
Authors: Löh Clara , Pagliantini Cristina
Published: September 2016

Integral foliated simplicial volume is a version of simplicial volume combining the rigidity of integral coefficients with the flexibility of measure spaces. In this article, using the language of measure equivalence of groups we prove a proportionality principle for integral foliated simplicial volume for aspherical manifolds and give refined upper bounds of integral foliated simplicial volume in terms of stable integral simplicial volume. This allows us to compute the integral foliated simplicial volume of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. This is complemented by the calculation of the integral foliated simplicial volume of Seifert 3-manifolds.
A subgroup theorem for homological filling functions
Authors: Hanlon Richard Gaelan , Martínez-Pedroza Eduardo
Published: September 2016

We use algebraic techniques to study homological filling functions of groups and their subgroups. If

G

is a group admitting a finite

(n+1)

-dimensional

K(G,1)

and

H \leq G

is of type

F_{n+1}

, then the

n

th homological filling function of

H

is bounded above by that of

G

. This contrasts with known examples where such inequality does not hold under weaker conditions on the ambient group

G

or the subgroup

H

. We include applications to hyperbolic groups and homotopical filling functions.
Asymptotic geometry in higher products of rank one Hadamard spaces
Authors: Link Gabriele
Published: September 2016

Given a product

X

of locally compact rank one Hadamard spaces, we study asymptotic properties of certain discrete isometry groups

\Gamma

of

X

. First we give a detailed description of the structure of the geometric limit set and relate it to the limit cone; moreover, we show that the action of

\Gamma

on a quotient of the regular geometric boundary of

X

is minimal and proximal. This is completely analogous to the case of Zariski dense discrete subgroups of semi-simple Lie groups acting on the associated symmetric space (compare [5]). In the second part of the paper we study the distribution of

\Gamma

-orbit points in

X

. As a generalization of the critical exponent

\delta(\Gamma)

of

\Gamma

we consider for any

\theta \in \mathbb R_{\ge 0}^r

,

\Vert \theta \Vert = 1

, the exponential growth rate

\delta_\theta(\Gamma)

of the number of orbit points in

X

with prescribed „slope"

\theta

. In analogy to Quint's result in [26] we show that the homogeneous extension

\Psi_\Gamma

to

\mathbb R_{\ge 0}^r

of

\delta_\theta(\Gamma)

as a function of

\theta

is upper semi-continuous, concave and strictly positive in the relative interior of the intersection of the limit cone with the vector subspace of

\mathbb R^r

it spans. This shows in particular that there exists a unique slope

\theta^*

for which

\delta_{\theta^*}(\Gamma)

is maximal and equal to the critical exponent of

\Gamma

.

We notice that an interesting class of product spaces as above comes from the second alternative in the Rank Rigidity Theorem ([(12, Theorem A]) for CAT

(0)

-cube complexes. Given a finite-dimensional CAT

(0)

-cube complex

X

and a group

\Gamma

of automorphisms without fixed point in the geometric compactification of

X

, then either

\Gamma

contains a rank one isometry or there exists a convex

\Gamma

-invariant subcomplex of

X

which is a product of two unbounded cube subcomplexes; in the latter case one inductively gets a convex

\Gamma

-invariant subcomplex of

X

which can be decomposed into a finite product of rank one Hadamard spaces.
Tarski numbers of group actions
Authors: Golan Gili
Published: September 2016

The Tarski number of a group action

G \curvearrowright X

is the minimal number of pieces in a paradoxical decomposition of it. In this paper we solve the problem of describing the set of Tarski numbers of group actions. Namely, for any

k \ge 4

we construct a faithful transitive action of a free group with Tarski number

k

. We also construct a group action

G \curvearrowright X

with Tarski number

6

such that the Tarski numbers of restrictions of this action to finite index subgroups of

G

are arbitrarily large.
Strong hyperbolicity
Authors: Nica Bogdan , Špakula Ján
Published: September 2016

We propose the metric notion of strong hyperbolicity as a way of obtaining hyperbolicity with sharp additional properties. Specically, strongly hyperbolic spaces are Gromov hyperbolic spaces that are metrically well-behaved at infinity, and, under weak geodesic assumptions, they are strongly bolic as well. We show that CAT(–1) spaces are strongly hyperbolic. On the way, we determine the best constant of hyperbolicity for the standard hyperbolic plane

\mathbb H^2

. We also show that the Green metric defined by a random walk on a hyperbolic group is strongly hyperbolic. A measure-theoretic consequence at the boundary is that the harmonic measure defined by a random walk is a visual Hausdorff measure.
Integrable measure equivalence and the central extension of surface groups
Authors: Das Kajal , Tessera Romain
Published: September 2016

Let

\Gamma_g

be a surface group of genus

g \geq 2

. It is known that the canonical central extension

\widetilde{\Gamma}_g

and the direct product

\Gamma_g\times \mathbb Z

are quasi-isometric. It is also easy to see that they are measure equivalent. By contrast, in this paper, we prove that quasi-isometry and measure equivalence cannot be achieved “in a compatible way.” More precisely, these two groups are not uniform (nor even integrable) measure equivalent. In particular, they cannot act continuously, properly and cocompactly by isometries on the same proper metric space, or equivalently they are not uniform lattices in a same locally compact group.
Characterisations of algebraic properties of groups in terms of harmonic functions
Authors: Tointon Matthew C.H.
Published: September 2016

We prove various results connecting structural or algebraic properties of graphs and groups to conditions on their spaces of harmonic functions. In particular: we show that a group with a finitely supported symmetric measure has a finite-dimensional space of harmonic functions if and only if it is virtually cyclic; we present a new proof of a result of V. Trofimov that an infinite vertex-transitive graph admits a non-constant harmonic function; we give a new proof of a result of T. Ceccherini-Silberstein, M. Coornaert and J. Dodziuk that the Laplacian on an infinite, connected, locally finite graph is surjective; and we show that the positive harmonic functions on a non-virtually nilpotent linear group span an infinite-dimensional space.
Análisis de la relación entre disciplinas a través del uso de tesis doctorales. El caso de Televisión, Radio, Cine y Fotografía en España
Authors: Repiso Rafael , Torres-Salinas Daniel , Delgado López-Cózar Emilio
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo propone un nuevo método de análisis de la interdisciplinariedad a partir de la medición de la participación académica en las tesis doctorales en diferentes disciplinas. Metodología: Para construir las relaciones interdisciplinares se utilizan las tesis doctorales y las relaciones que se producen a partir de las direcciones de tesis y coparticipación en tribunales. Como muestra se utilizan las tesis doctorales defendidas en España en Comunicación Audiovisual (Televisión, Radio, Cine y Fotografía) en el periodo 1976-2007. El Escalamiento Multidimensional nos permite generar una representación bidimensional de las especialidades estudiadas, calcular distancias y cuantificar el grado de error de la representación. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran cómo se producen dos grupos diferenciados, por una parte Televisión y Radio, en segundo lugar, Cine y Fotografía. Televisión es la especialidad más representativa del conjunto. Apenas existen variaciones utilizando los diferentes tipos de participaciones.
Cadaveric dissection by students-monitors in human anatomy discipline: experience report
Authors: Moraes G. , Falcão J. , Sandes A. , Rodrigues B. , Nascimento I. , Schwingel P. , Silva Júnior E.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Monitoring allows students the basic cycle of higher-level courses, principally, a deeper understanding of all content been living in class, in this case, the Human Anatomy classes. Through it the student develops various daily activities at the Human Anatomy Laboratory to that add up to the didactic and pedagogical activities required in this process, like the cadaveric dissection. Dissect derives from the Latin meaning to separate, cut, etymologically being equivalent to anatomy. The present study aimed to report the student-monitor experience the discipline of Human Anatomy in cadaveric dissection. Methods: The study is an experience report of a qualitative approach, with an exploratory descriptive analysis, whose objective was to describe, in the words of Physiotherapy course monitors, the importance in the dissection technique. For this, has been made the reading for each reporting for the identification of the central issues described by each monitor. Results: The reports were obtained in February 2014 soon after the end of the I Course of cadaveric dissection of Upper and Lower Limbs, sponsored by the Human Anatomy Laboratory of the University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, as a process of training to those student-monitors who had been selected for the period between 2014.1 and 2014.2 monitoring. Conclusion: It could be perceived that the cadaveric dissection was seen as a way to strengthen the humanization of future health professionals, which resulted in its ethical and social practice, and it has allowed an improvement in teacher-monitor-student relationship.
Regeneration of experimental long bone defect after implantation in its cavity of osteoplastic material “Calc-i-oss®”
Authors: Korenkov O.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: There is a significant divergence of data on the rate of resorption and replacement by the bone tissue of osteoplastic materials based on β-tricalcium phosphate in cancellous bone. At the same time in literature missing morphometric and electron microscopic features of bone tissue of the regenerate of compact substance of bone in these conditions. This study was aimed at the assessment of the healing of compact bone tissue defect after implantation of osteoplastic material “Calc-i-oss®” with the definition of the dynamics of resorption and morphological characteristics of bone tissue of the regenerate. Material and Methods: In the middle third of the diaphysis of the femur of rats there was reproduced the perforated defect to the bone-brain channel that was filled with osteoplastic material “Calc-i-oss®”. After surgery the fragments of injured bones were studied at the 60th and 120th day by methods of light microscopy with morphometry and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The conducted research revealed no inflammatory reaction at the site of the defect, signs of necrobiosis and necrosis of osteocytes in adjacent to the site of implantation maternal bone. The site of defect was filled with lamellar bone tissue high in osteoblasts, osteocytes and with integrated into its structure remains of “Calc-i-oss®”. On the surface and inside the implant there were found osteogenic cells and bone foci. It was established that the osteoplastic material throughout the observation period is subjected to development and replacement by bone tissue of the regenerate, the ratio of which on the 60th day of the experiment was 25.72 ± 2.06% to 74.28 ± 2.06%, and on the 120th day - 18.31 ± 1.54% to 81.69 ± 1.54%. Conclusion: Osteoplastic material “Calc-i-oss®” exhibits biocompatibility, osteoconductive properties, ability to resorption and is replaced by bone tissue, with which it integrates well.
Effects of diabetes mellitus type I on skeletal muscle: an integrative review
Authors: Santos A. , Silva E. , Albuquerque Y. , Oliveira B. , Caiaffo V.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: The Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered a serious public health problem in Brazil and in the world, increased by the modern life style, characterized by reduced physical activity, increased obesity and aging of the population. The diabetic myopathy is characterized as a complication in the striated skeletal muscles caused by diabetes, characterized by decreased muscle mass, weakness and reduced physical capacity. Thus the present study aimed to review in the literature the main changes suffered by muscle cells associated with Diabetes Mellitus type I. Material and Methods: The present review regards to the major studies in digital databases about the effects of DM type I on the morphology of the skeletal muscles. The search for references was performed in the following databases: Medical Literature and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/ PUBMED), Google Scholar and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Articles should have the following criteria to enter in the research: articles published in the last ten years, in English, Portuguese or Spanish and available online. Results: The database that had the highest number of publications was MEDLINE (98), followed by SCIELO (56) and Google Scholar (43). Only, 4 articles were selected. The articles were described according to the year of publication, title of work, journal and objectives. Conclusion: This review shows a clear association between diabetes mellitus type I and changes in skeletal muscle. The risks of atrophy in the muscles, especially the members, were significantly higher in patients with this syndrome than in normal patients. Which makes the issue of fundamental importance to the area of health.