bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quadrant categorization of spillover determinants of sovereign risk of BRICIT nations: a Bayesian approach
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Singh Vipul Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the determinants that drive the volatility of the credit default swaps (CDS) of BRICIT (Brazil, Russia, India, China, Indonesia, and Turkey) nations as a proxy measure for sovereign risk. On the existence of cointegration, an unrestricted error correction model integrated with the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is applied to measure the short-run and long-run dynamics empirically. The study utilizes the Bayesian global vector autoregression methodology for cross-border spillover estimation. The study also suggests a strategy for policymakers for quadrant categorization to mitigate risk arising from cross-border spillover. The result of ARDL indicates that the global macroeconomic variables affect the BRICIT CDS more than domestic macroeconomic determinants, with Indian CDS being the most sensitive to Fed tapering. Notably, China’s CDS is the most sensitive to shocks, with the CDS volatility primarily driven by China’s geopolitical risk. Russian CDS is more sensitive to real effective exchange rates due to severe ruble depreciation than crude oil, despite Russia being a major oil exporter. The quadrant categorization indicates that the Indonesian stock market index is most interconnected with BRICIT CDS, while the Turkish long-term interest rates send the highest intensity spillover across BRICIT nations.
Using a STEM Course on Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Accessibility to Explore Student Reflections on their Socialization into STEM and their Observations of the Figured World of Higher Education STEM Contexts
Authors: Wheatly Michele G , Dewey Jessica , Willingham-McLain Laurel , Mwayaona Jacques Safari
Published: January 2025

Science remains an exclusionary field to people who do not align with “acceptable” worldviews (e.g., white, Western, masculine). One avenue for making science more welcoming and inclusive is to empower current science students to become change agents in their fields. However, it is useful to understand where students are starting from before we can empower them as change agents. In the context of a new course focused on Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Accessibility in science technology engineering and mathematics (STEM), we explore students’ reflections on their socialization into science and observations of the figured worlds of science in their higher education learning spaces. We found that students can recognize and reflect critically on various forms of identity and capital that are involved in and impact their socialization into science. We also found that students can describe, connect, and critique many aspects of the figured worlds of science presented in their higher education learning spaces. Not all students in this study made the same degree of reflections and observations, indicating different levels of preparedness for change agency. Asking students to reflect on their pathways into and experiences of science can also encourage more students to identify, recognize, and push back against inequities in science.
Utilisation of alcohol-related treatment after a first alcohol use disorder diagnosis in Hamburg, Germany
Authors: Manthey Jakob , Huß Kilian , Buth Sven , Kraus Ludwig , Schranz Anna , Kilian Carolin , Gallinat Jürgen , Schäfer Ingo , Schulte Bernd
Published: January 2025

Background

A variety of treatment options for people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) exist. Surveys estimate that 1 in 10 people with AUD utilise treatment, but real-world treatment pathways remain covert. This data-linkage study seeks to characterise treatment utilisation patterns to identify gaps in treatment access and delivery in Germany.

Methods

Linking individual-level data from three sources (statutory health insurance, pension funds, outpatient addiction care services) identified seven alcohol-related treatment types delivered in outpatient (brief psychiatric consultation; formal psychotherapy; pharmacotherapy; low-threshold counselling), inpatient (standard, somatic inpatient treatment; intensive inpatient treatment with somatic and psychosocial care), or either of the two settings (long-term rehabilitation treatment) during 2016–2021. For patients with a new AUD diagnosis (ICD-10: F10.1–9), treatment utilisation over 24 months was recorded and patterns were identified using latent class analyses.

Results

Of n = 9,491 patients with a new AUD diagnosis, 30% utilised at least one alcohol-related treatment type. Treatment utilisation was associated with younger age, female sex, unemployment, German nationality, and lower physical comorbidity. Among treatment entrants, nearly half received only brief psychiatric consultation. A similar share of patients utilised standard or intensive inpatient treatment; the latter occasionally followed by rehabilitation treatment. Formal psychotherapy, low-threshold counselling, and pharmacotherapy were rarely utilised and were mostly used in conjunction with other treatments.

Conclusions

The real-world utilisation of alcohol-related treatments contrasts with existing guidelines, as most patients with diagnosed AUD do not receive adequate care. Structural and social barriers should be minimised to ensure healthcare provision for those affected.
Effects of Three Different Distance/Elevation-Gain Ultra-Trail Races on Red Blood Cell Oxidative Stress and Senescence, and Blood Rheology
Authors: Carin Romain , Nader Elie , Bouscaren Nicolas , Connes Philippe , Begue Floran , Lebeau Grégorie , Paulo-Ramos Aurélie , Descombes Guillaume , Berly Laetitia , Modrzyk Frederique , Blond Emilie , Racinais Sébastien , Millet Guillaume Y , Meilhac Olivier , Rondeau Philippe
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Red blood cells (RBCs) senescence and blood rheology during ultra-endurance running events appear to be impacted differently depending on the race distance. The physiological mechanisms underlying these differences are poorly understood.

Methods

We investigated the effects of three different ultra-trail running races performed in La Reunion Island (Mascareignes, “the 70 km”, 70 km/4,000 m D+; Trail Du Bourbon, “the 100 km”, 100 km/6,090 m D+; Diagonale des Fous, “the 170 km”, 170 km/10,500 m D+) on RBC oxidative stress, RBC senescence and blood rheology in 66 finishers (18 “70 km”, 24 “100 km”, 24 “170 km”).

Results

We observed a decrease in RBC antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) positively related to the race distance, and an increase in RBC H2O2 and isoprostane levels after the three races. However, RBC H2O2 and isoprostane levels were found to be higher after the 70 km compared to the 170 km and the 100 km races. RBC phosphatidylserine externalization increased over baseline value after the 70 km only. Chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like activities of the RBC proteasome were decreased after all races compared to before. RBC-derived microparticles (RBC-MPs) were increased after the 170 km and the 70 km races. Despite increased RBC senescence markers, RBC deformability increased after the three races. Blood viscosity was differently impacted by the three races with a decrease at low shear rate after the two longest races (the 170 km and the 100 km), and an increase at high shear rate after the shortest one (the 70 km).

Conclusions

Our results confirm that ultra endurance running events differently impact on RBC senescence markers and blood viscosity depending on the race distance, and suggest that RBC oxidative stress could play a key role in the observed alterations.
Relatório de revisão por pares
Authors: GV-executivo
Published: January 2025

A GV-executivo compromete-se com os valores centrais da Ciência Aberta, promovendo a publicação de resultados de pesquisa com qualidade e integridade, como benefício coletivo, com equidade, justiça, diversidade e inclusão. Nesse sentido, a GV-executivo adere progressivamente aos critérios da Ciência Aberta, nos quais, caso o artigo seja aprovado, os avaliadores serão consultados sobre a divulgação de seus nomes no artigo publicado e sobre a disponibilização dos pareceres (com ou sem identificação de autoria). 
Disclaimer: O conteúdo do Relatório de Revisão por Pares é a cópia completa dos relatórios dos revisores. Erros de digitação e pontuação não são editados.
Efeito Eliza
Authors: Tobbin Raissa Arantes , Cardin Valeria Silva Galdino
Published: January 2025

como programas de computador que possuem habilidades para manter uma conversação com humanos, tem ganhado relevo na área da saúde, sobretudo para fins de cuidados com a saúde mental. Tais sistemas inteligentes, disponíveis para interação a qualquer tempo, podem conduzir exercícios para o controle de sintomas de estresse, ansiedade, depressão e ideação suicida. Diante do avanço tecnológico, é essencial verificar se as implicações da projeção antropomórfica, que é a tendência humana de atribuir características humanas a objetos, em tais conversas, não poderiam ofender a integridade psíquica do indivíduo, um direito da personalidade.
Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as implicações do Efeito Eliza e da projeção antropomórfica ao direito da personalidade à integridade psíquica diante da eventual utilização de chatbots para fins de cuidados com saúde mental.
Método: A pesquisa utilizou o método hipotético-dedutivo, fundamentado em revisão bibliográfica.
Resultados: Como resultado, verificou-se que há uma tendência humana de antropomorfizar dispositivos tecnológicos, lendo respostas como resultados de emoções humanas, o que pode provocar apego, identificação e dependência, diante da percepção de reciprocidade, cenário que pode gerar ofensa à integridade psíquica.
Conclusões: Há implicações éticas e jurídicas no que tange a sistemas de conversação para fins terapêuticos, especialmente em relação ao direito à integridade psíquica. É importante considerar também as questões ligadas à privacidade das informações compartilhadas, à segurança e a vieses discriminatórios.
Compressive strength of concrete containing rubber particles from recycled car tires confined with textile reinforced mortar (TRM) jackets
Authors: Papakonstantinou Christos , Skyrianou Ioanna , Koutas Lampros
Published: January 2025

This study examines the mechanical characteristics of concrete incorporating recycled rubber aggregates as a partial substitute for natural aggregates. The concrete is confined with fibre textile jackets using an inorganic matrix (TRM). The experimental program includes studying the mechanical properties of concrete containing recycled aggregates compared to conventional concrete, through uniaxial compression tests of cylindrical specimens of 100 mm diameter and 200 mm height. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of confined concrete specimens with one or two layers of basalt fibre mesh in a cementitious matrix are examined. The findings underscore a reduction in the compressive strength of concrete when substituting natural aggregates with rubber, accompanied by an augmented deformation capacity. The incorporation of an inorganic matrix proves effective in enhancing compressive strength, particularly with the addition of more confinement layers. These results collectively suggest the feasibility of employing this environmentally friendly "green" concrete with TRM in applications prioritizing high deformability.
Audit and tax monitoring: common ground in the context of modern reporting development (part 1)
Authors: Nargizian Aik , Pakkar Aleksandr
Published: January 2025

This article examines current issues of the development and transformation of modern reporting forms, their impact on the rethinking of audit procedures in conjunction with the development of tools for tax authorities in terms of assessing and confirming the effects created by companies through tax incentives in the economy. Considering the intensity of development of the modern reporting model, as well as the processes of globalization and digitalization of the economy influencing it, the problem of developing a unified approach to the disclosure and audit of integrated reporting is formulated. Having analyzed modern disclosure standards and approaches to disclosing integrated (financial and non-financial) information by various companies, as well as the use of modern information accounting systems by organizations, the authors come to the conclusion that the future of audit procedures should be in the nature of a risk-oriented audit of business processes, since it is the internal control system implemented in the company that reflects the operational efficiency of business processes, which, in essence, are the elements on the basis of which integrated reporting is compiled. Along with the above, the authors state that a full transition to the format of integrated information disclosure and integrated audit creates additional tools and advantages for tax authorities in terms of public control over the targeted use of funds aimed at tax incentives for investment activities. The authors proposed a conceptual basis for the joint application of standards for the preparation of an integrated report and an integrated audit with the transition to tax monitoring, which will allow stakeholders to receive complete and comprehensive information about the company’s activities, and will allow the state, represented by the tax authority, to analyze and identify additional ways to stimulate the activities of organizations. The prospect of further research on this topic lies in expanding and clarifying the methodology for the joint application of standards, analyzing and developing criteria for assessing and verifying integrated information for their use both in auditing and tax monitoring.
Improved super-elastic Ti-Ni alloy wire for the angle class III patient with anterior open bite: A case report
Authors: Fan Yu , Yu Jian-Hong , Chen Yuan-Hou
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Orthodontic treatment for open bite and crossbite cases is always challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate a skeletal class III patient with anterior open bite and crossbite whose problem was successfully corrected with improved super-elastic Ti-Ni alloy wire (ISW).

CASE SUMMARY

A 19 years old male came to our clinic with a chief complaint of anterior open bite and crossbite and not able to chew food well. Clinical examination revealed an angle class III malocclusion with anterior open bite, crossbite and spaced arch. Radiographic and clinical examination showed a skeletal class III pattern. We used ISW to level the upper and lower arch and to correct the anterior open bite and crossbite. Intermaxillary elastics were also used to achieve a better interdigitation. Finally, adequate overbite, overjet and a desirable occlusion were achieved. The active treatment time took 2 years and 2 months.

CONCLUSION

In a case of class III angular malocclusion with open bite and crossbite in the anterior teeth, ideal results were achieved using the ISW technique and the patient was satisfied with the outcome.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for pheochromocytoma: A case report
Authors: Zeng Shu-Ying , Wu Hai-Hui , Yu Zhi-Hong , Zhang Qing-Qian
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) is a type of tumor that originates from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla and is classified as an adrenal paraganglioma. PHEOs can secrete catecholamines, leading to a variety of symptoms. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment selection are crucial for favorable outcomes in these cases.

CASE SUMMARY

The patient presented with unexplained chest tightness, palpitations, and pink sputum. Upon examination and analysis of laboratory results, a diagnosis of adrenal PHEO was established. The PHEO secreted high levels of catecholamines, causing sudden fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate, leading to extremely unstable hemodynamics. Treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation helped stabilize the patient’s vital signs, allowing for timely surgical intervention.

CONCLUSION

The combination of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation can enhance tissue perfusion, thus providing a solid foundation for the accurate diagnosis and effective surgical treatment of PHEO.
Stoma occlusion caused by abdominal cocoon after abdominal abscess surgery: A case report
Authors: Xu Rui , Sun Li-Xin , Chen Yan , Ding Chuang , Zhang Ming , Chen Teng-Fei , Kong Ling-Yong
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Abdominal cocoons (ACs) lack characteristic clinical manifestations and are mainly intestinal obstructions that are difficult to distinguish from intestinal obstruction caused by other causes, resulting in difficult preoperative diagnosis and misdiagnosis and mistreatment. There are no reports of enterostomy occlusion caused by ACs in the literature at home and abroad.

CASE SUMMARY

Here, we report a 16-year-old female patient with intestinal obstruction due to AC. She was treated with abdominal surgery three times. First, she underwent a laparotomy for peritonitis after trauma from a traffic accident. During the procedure, pelvic empyema, severe intestinal adhesions, and damage to the serous layer of the rectum were found, but no significant intestinal rupture and perforation were found. As a precaution, she underwent a prophylactic ileostomy after a flush in her abdomen. The second and third surgeries were for treatment of recurrent stoma obstruction. The patient’s condition was complicated for a long period, but after comprehensive treatment by our department, the patient was successfully discharged from the hospital and is currently recovering well.

CONCLUSION

Currently, abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the best imaging modality for preoperative evaluation of AC, but most patients are diagnosed only after intraoperative exploration. For the treatment of typical or severe ACs, the primary method of removal and healing of ACs is complete removal of the abdominal fibrous membrane. Finding a breakthrough in the anatomy is the key to the success of the surgery.
Reference diagnosis and treatment process of juvenile hemochromatosis patients
Authors: He Yan-Chun , Wang Nan-Xue , Zhong Tao
Published: January 2025

The compelling case report by Xie et al , published in a renowned medical journal, is an excellent example of meticulous clinical evaluation, comprehensive laboratory testing, advanced imaging, and genetic analysis. The authors identified novel compound heterozygous mutations in the hemojuvelin gene of a patient diagnosed with juvenile hemochromatosis. They suggested that long-term, strategic phlebotomy might offer a novel therapeutic strategy for severe juvenile hemochromatosis, challenging the traditional treatment paradigms.
STEP 1: The Scottish Trauma & Orthopaedics Equality Project
Authors: Jabbal Monu , Cherry Jennifer , Eastwood Deborah , Scott Chloe E. H. , Walmsley Phil , Baird Emily
Published: January 2025

Aims

Trauma & Orthopaedic (T&O) surgery has come under scrutiny for lagging behind other medical specialties in promoting gender and cultural equity and diversity within their workforce. The proportions of female, ethnic minority, and sexual and gender minority individuals within orthopaedic membership bodies are disproportionate to the populations they serve. The aim of this study is to report the findings of a national workforce survey of demographics and working patterns within T&O in Scotland.

Methods

A questionnaire devised by a working group was delivered by the Client Analyst and Relationship Development (CARD) group. Utilizing a secure third party ensured anonymity for all respondents. Data were recorded and analyzed by the CARD group.

Results

A total of 353 responses were recorded, representing 71% of the known workforce. Overall, 261 respondents (74%) identified as male, 85 (24%) female, and seven (2%) preferred not to say. For specialist trainee (ST)3 to ST6, 148 (42%) were female, and for ST7 to ST8, 131 (37%) were female. In total, 226 of all respondents (64%) were white-British, 35 (10%) were white-European, and 92 (26%) were of an ethnic minority background. A total of 321 of respondents (91%) identified as heterosexual, 14 (4%) preferred not to say, and 18 (5%) identified as LGBTQ+ or preferred to self-describe.

Conclusion

This is the largest national workforce survey in contemporary surgical literature. The findings demonstrate a greater proportion of female surgeons overall compared to other studies in T&O. This proportion of females was highest among more junior trainees. The Scottish T&O workforce is more ethnically diverse than the demographics of the population it serves. This study suggests that T&O in Scotland is an evolving speciality in terms of equality and diversity, and is making positive progress.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(1):103–108.
Deconvolution filters for resolution improvement in synthetic aperture digital holographic microscopy using speckle illumination
Authors: Funamizu Hideki , Taneda Soshi
Published: January 2025

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) using speckle illumination is one of the methods for spatial resolution enhancement and image quality improvement of reconstructed images. In resolution enhancement in using this method, the contrast of reconstructed images decreases because the amplitude transfer function in an optical system is modulated with speckle illumination. In this study, we report a theoretical derivation of deconvolution filters for improving image contrast in synthetic aperture DHM using speckle illumination and the application of the filters to experimental data.
Estimation of heart rate and respiratory rate by fore-background spatiotemporal modeling of videos
Authors: Zheng Xiujuan , Yan Wenqin , Liu Boxiang , Wu Yue Ivan , Tu Haiyan
Published: January 2025

Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) are two critical physiological parameters that can be estimated from video recordings. However, the accuracy of remote estimation of HR and RR is affected by fluctuations in ambient illumination. To address this adverse effect, we propose a fore-background spatiotemporal (FBST) method for estimating HR and RR from videos captured by consumer-grade cameras. Initially, we identify the foreground regions of interest (ROIs) on the face and chest, as well as the background ROIs in non-body areas of the videos. Subsequently, we construct the foreground and background spatiotemporal maps based on the dichromatic reflectance model. We then introduce a lightweight network equipped with adaptive spatiotemporal layers to process the spatiotemporal maps and automatically generate a feature map of the non-illumination perturbation pulses. This feature map serves as input to a ResNet-18 network to estimate the physiological rhythm. Finally, we extract pulse signals and estimate HR and RR concurrently. Experiments conducted on three public and one private dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed FBST method in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. These findings provide novel insights into non-intrusive human physiological measurements using common devices.
Old microscopy data reveal optical super-resolution in line with information theory
Authors: Selci Stefano
Published: January 2025

This paper re-examines a 20-year-old experiment showing super-resolved intensity variations in the far field using visible light, achieved by nanoscale modifications of the diffraction slit spacing. This study was motivated by earlier unexplained far-field microscopy images that achieved λ/10 resolution without near-field operation. Our hypothesis, backed by 2D finite element analysis, proposes that the local illumination of the scanning tip disturbs the intensity transmitted through the diffraction mask, creating super-resolved images through a far-field collection of diffracted energy variations. A review of the historical scientific contributions supports this interpretation. We explore the relationship between information theory, space–bandwidth product concepts, and these observations. These findings demonstrate the possibility of achieving far-field optical super-resolution without requiring near-field proximity of the scanning element, potentially enabling new applications across various wavelengths and imaging scenarios.
High precision 3D optical detection technology based on shear interferometry with arbitrarily shear amounts
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Li Liuliu , Liao Penghao , Zhang Rongzhu
Published: January 2025

Differential interferometry is an effective method that has high contrast and can effectively overcome the “duplicate image” problem caused by shear interferometry. However, differential interferometry is limited by the addition of additional optical elements, such as grating, Nomarski, or Wollaston prisms, to realize shear interference, and the shear amount is difficult to adjust. A 3D shape reconstruction algorithm based on shear interference is proposed in this paper, which is appropriate for arbitrary shear amounts and directions. This algorithm overcomes the problem of duplicate images through an iterative phase addition approach, and simulated 3D morphology results of surface irregular defects are successfully reconstructed under arbitrary shear directions and shear amounts such that the maximum reconstruction error is only 10−11 m. Furthermore, the morphologies of defects with large gradients can be obtained by adjusting the shear amount and applying an image interpolation approach, which can overcome the problem of phase ambiguity in monochromatic interferometry. Based on this algorithm, an optical testing system is designed that uses a mirror to adjust the shear amount and direction without adding additional optical elements to effectively simplify the experimental device and reduce the cost. Experiments are completed to confirm the feasibility of the proposed method, which can successfully obtain 3D morphology data of optical defects.
Fast controllable superimposed emission of CW radiation and ultra-short pulses from one single thin-disk multipass amplifier
Authors: Schmittner Christian , Loescher Andrè , Bienert Florian , Reiff Colin , Graf Thomas , Abdou Ahmed Marwan
Published: January 2025

We present a novel laser concept with a single thin-disk multi-pass amplifier capable of sequentially and simultaneously amplifying both continuous-wave (CW) radiation and ultra-short pulses in a common beam path. Our novel system currently delivers average output powers of up to 0.7 kW with a nearly diffraction-limited single output beam that combines CW and pulsed radiation at a wavelength of 1030 nm. By using a polarization-multiplexing scheme and four acousto-optic modulators (AOMs), the system allows for fast, arbitrary, and seamless adjustment of the absolute average power levels and power ratio between the CW and the pulsed radiation in the common output beam.
Power scaling of a non-resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled LiNbO3 with spectral narrowing
Authors: Das Subhasis , Temel Tugba , Spindler Gerhard , Schirrmacher André , Divliansky Ivan B. , Murray Robert T. , Piotrowski Marcin , Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Mhibik Oussama , Petrov Valentin
Published: January 2025

Using a Volume-Bragg-Grating at the signal wavelength in a periodically-poled LiNbO3 non-resonant optical parametric oscillator we achieve a total average power of 11.35 W at 20 kHz corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 63%. The measured signal and idler bandwidths amount to 0.7 and 0.9 nm at ∼1922 and ∼2384 nm, respectively. The spectral features are well reproduced by numerical modeling in the plane-wave approximation taking into account pump depletion and back conversion.
Phase stable OCT with a 1050 nm tunable VCSEL and photonic integrated circuit
Authors: Johnson Bart , Melendez Carlos , Niemeier Ryan , Blasing David , Ford Tim , Huffman Taran , Srinivasan Ajay , Nguyen Thien-An , Trimble Tina , Whitney Peter
Published: January 2025

A turnkey phase-sensitive swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system requires stabilization of both the swept source and main signal interferometer. We have provided stable clocking and triggering of a 1050 nm swept micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) by mounting a solid clock etalon and volume Bragg grating optical trigger inside a temperature-stabilized butterfly package. A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) provides a phase-stable main interferometer near the sample. This system is only sensitive to the motion of the sample, not to the fibers leading to and from the PIC. We provide optical frequency domain reflectivity measurements of the PIC performance. We also demonstrate OCT imaging as well as static and dynamic phase measurements of a Kindle e-book reader electrophoretic display.
Label-free microfiber biosensor for ultrahigh sensitivity detection of TNF-α protein
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Jing Wenbo , Zhang Yalin , Qiu Shi , Wang Wei , Guo Ying , Han Ying , Zu Lijiao , Jiang Linghong , Yuan Jinhui , Wu Qiang
Published: January 2025

Rapid detection of low concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an important role in medical diagnostics. This study proposed a fast, label-free single mode-tapered no core-single mode (STNCS) microfiber structure for the ultra-low concentration of TNF-α detection. The experimental results show that the proposed microfiber biosensors have good spectral stability (0.0316 nm), fast detection (<20 min), good specificity and low limit of detection (LoD). When the STNCS biosensors (functionalized with 20 µg/mL anti-TNF-α antibodies) are immersed in a TNF-α solution at a concentration of 1 pg/mL, the average wavelength shift can reach 0.951 nm, which is close to the theoretical LoD value (1.352 pg/mL). The proposed STNCS microfiber biosensors also demonstrated good specificity, showing limited cross-reactivity to other proteins, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). These results indicate that the proposed STNCS biosensors may possess potential uses in medical diagnosis, early detection, and intervention of diseases, etc.
Real-time high-quality single-lens computational imaging via enhancing lens modulation transfer function consistency
Authors: Xing Yujie , Wang Xuquan , Dun Xiong , Zhang Jian , Yu Jun , Huang Wenhan , Wang Zhanshan , Cheng Xinbin
Published: January 2025

The demand for high-quality, lightweight infrared imaging systems is rapidly increasing. Single-lens computational imaging, combining single-lens with post-processing algorithms, offers a promising solution to miniaturize imaging systems while maintaining performance. However, these post-processing algorithms are typically highly complex, posing significant challenges for real-time reconstruction on a neural network processing unit (NPU) chip. This study investigates the relationship between the complexity of post-processing algorithms and lens modulation transfer function (MTF), demonstrating that a single-lens system with highly consistent MTF can significantly reduce the complexity of post-processing algorithms. Building on this insight, we proposed an enhancing lens MTF consistency-based single-lens design method and developed a single-lens computational infrared imaging system featuring a small Res-Unet (S-Res-Unet) neural network. Compared to the traditional method using the large Res-Unet (L-Res-Unet) to achieve comparable reconstruction performance, the proposed system achieved a 16-fold reduction in computational demands. As a result, it performed real-time reconstructions at the rate of 25 frames per second (fps) with a resolution of 640×480 on the RK3588 NPU chip, while maintaining system MTF exceeding 0.42 at Nyquist frequency of 42 lp/mm. This research paves the way for the practical application of computational infrared imaging systems.
Light-field imaging device based on a Fresnel lens array with composite microstructures
Authors: Ye Wenqing , Zheng Weiwei , Cai Jun , Gui Chengqun , Zhou Yun , Shen Su
Published: January 2025

A light-field imaging device represents a transformative advancement in imaging technology, enabling high-fidelity capture of scenes with enhanced depth resolution and angular precision. An ultra-thin light-field imaging device based on a Fresnel lens array (FLA) with composite microstructures is presented, capable of producing distinct visual effects, such as morphing, moiré magnifier, and three-dimensional (3D) integral imaging. The device is fabricated through a combination of using gray scale laser direct-writing (LDW) lithography, ultraviolet nanoimprinting lithography (UV-NIL), and selective etching process. The proposed scheme offers exceptional flexibility in both design and manufacturing while effectively addressing the alignment challenge between the micro-focusing element array (MFEA) and the micro pattern array in a conventional light-field device, thus opening up new possibilities, to the best of our knowledge, for the development of innovative optical imaging configuration.
Ultralow-noise sub-two-cycle pulses at 1600 nm from a compact fiber-feedback optical parametric oscillator system at 76 MHz
Authors: Thannheimer Johann , Alabbadi Abdullah , Steinle Tobias , Giessen Harald
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate fiber-based self-compression down to sub-two optical cycles (9.5 fs) at 1600 nm with an average power of 620 mW (8.2 nJ) and a repetition rate of 76 MHz. We use an Yb-based pump laser to drive an optical parametric oscillator, which is subsequently amplified to the watt scale using an optical parametric amplifier. The grating-free single stage pulse compression is realized by a 42-mm-long common single mode fiber.  The compact system is furthermore shown to be highly stable, shot-noise-limited, and a broadband mid-infrared source through intra-pulse difference frequency generation.
High-energy MIR picosecond optical parametric amplifier with ultra-wide tunability spanning from 3 to 14 µm based on BaHgGeSe4 crystal
Authors: Zhang Jing-Jing , Yang Feng , Li Chun-Xiao , Yao Ji-Yong , Xu Yuan-Zhai , Gao Hong-Wei , Cui Da-Fu , Badikov Valeriy V. , Badikov Dmitrii V. , Bo Yong , Li Ru-Kang , Xu Zu-Yan
Published: January 2025

We report the first demonstration of an ultra-wide tunable MIR optical parametric amplifier (OPA) based on a new nonlinear crystal, BaHgGeSe4 (BHGSe). Pumped by a picosecond (ps) 1.064 µm laser, the OPA achieves an unprecedented idler tuning range of 3–14 µm, with pulse energies of 176 µJ at 7.3 µm and 143 µJ at 11.8 µm, and pump to idler conversion efficiency of 2.15 and 1.74%, respectively. The results indicate that the new BHGSe crystal can be an excellent candidate for ultra-wide tuning MIR radiation generation under 1.064 µm laser pumping.
Enhanced biochemical sensing with high-Q transmission resonances in free-standing membrane metasurfaces
Authors: Rosas Samir , Adi Wihan , Beisenova Aidana , Biswas Shovasis Kumar , Kuruoglu Furkan , Mei Hongyan , Kats Mikhail A. , Czaplewski David A. , Kivshar Yuri S. , Yesilkoy Filiz
Published: January 2025

Optical metasurfaces provide solutions to label-free biochemical sensing by localizing light resonantly beyond the diffraction limit, thereby selectively enhancing light–matter interactions for improved analytical performance. However, high-Q resonances in metasurfaces are usually achieved in the reflection mode, which impedes metasurface integration into compact imaging systems. Here, we demonstrate a metasurface platform for advanced biochemical sensing based on the physics of the bound states in the continuum (BIC) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) modes, which arise when two interfering resonances from a periodic pattern of tilted elliptic holes overlap both spectrally and spatially, creating a narrow transparency window in the mid-infrared spectrum. We experimentally measure these resonant peaks observed in transmission mode (Q∼734 at λ∼8.8µm) in free-standing silicon membranes and confirm their tunability through geometric scaling. We also demonstrate the strong coupling of the BIC-EIT modes with a thinly coated PMMA film on the metasurface, characterized by a large Rabi splitting (32cm−1) and biosensing of protein monolayers in transmission mode. Our new photonic platform can facilitate the integration of metasurface biochemical sensors into compact and monolithic optical systems while being compatible with scalable manufacturing, thereby clearing the way for on-site biochemical sensing in everyday applications.
Model-Free Methodology for Thin Film Thickness Analysis by Spectroscopic Reflectometry
Authors: Zhou Zimu , Lopez-Guerra Enrique , zhou Bojun , Kwan Michael , Wilkens Peter , Chien Chester
Published: January 2025

Spectroscopic reflectometry based thin film measurement plays an important role in modern semiconductor, Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and display industry because of its non-destructive nature and high through-put. In spectroscopic reflectometry, conventional model-based iterative algorithms often face challenges such as high computational costs, risk of converging to local minima and limitations imposed by predefined library boundaries. We propose a novel technique to determine the thin film thickness in a direct fashion from the reflectance spectrum. The technique achieves a 92.6% improvement in computational throughput by avoiding iterative processes. The repeatability of the new technique is statistically validated by conducting a 280-sampling Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (GRR) test, demonstrating a 76.9% improvement in repeatability (Equipment Variation, EV) and a 61.6% improvement in reproducibility (Appraiser Variation, AV).
Relationship between plasma uric acid levels, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage markers in overweight and obese adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Albuja-Quintana Natalia , Chisaguano-Tonato Aida M. , Herrera-Fontana Maria E. , Figueroa-Samaniego Sandra , Alvarez-Suarez José M.
Published: January 2025

Obesity, a complex metabolic chronic illness, is commonly accompanied by an excessive production of free radicals, which influences the development of its comorbidities. Uric acid is commonly linked to pro-oxidant effects on human health. Though recent evidence suggests its potential antioxidant properties, it is possible that the increase in circulating uric acid levels is an adaptive protective response against the detrimental effects of excess free radicals and oxidative stress present in obese individuals. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage markers with uric acid levels in overweight and obese individuals who live at sea level. This cross-sectional study included 93 adult volunteers (28 men and 65 women) from the city of Machala, El Oro, Ecuador, divided into three study groups according to Body Mass Index (normal weight, overweight, and obese). Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle elements, and physical measurements were evaluated, and blood samples were collected from all participants. Antioxidant and oxidant markers, including Radical-Scavenging Activity Assay (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), Catalase (CAT) activity, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), and Protein Thiol Groups (SH groups), were assayed in the plasma samples. Coefficients of correlations and linear regression models were applied to evaluate the association between antioxidant/oxidant parameters and plasma uric acid levels. The antioxidant capacity, as measured by FRAP scavenging and CAT, was significantly higher in the obese group compared to the normal weight group, and uric acid levels presented a significant positive association with FRAP (b: 0.578, R: 0.459, p: 0.003) and CAT activity (b: 1.326; R: 0.432, p: 0.005) in overweight and obese individuals. Consequently, the presented evidence supports the potential antioxidant role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of obesity, contributing to our understanding of oxidative stress and inflammation that characterizes this illness.
Discurso periodístico de opinión sobre las personas refugiadas. Estrategia de protección
Authors: Bañón Hernández Antonio Miguel
Published: January 2025

La percepción que se tuvo de las personas que solicitan asilo o refugio fue, al menos en los primeros meses de la llamada “crisis de los refugiados en Europa” (2015-2017), positiva; una mirada solidaria que se expresó en distintas estrategias argumentativas. Tras reflexionar sobre la relación entre discurso y solidaridad e identificar el repertorio de estrategias esenciales al hablar públicamente sobre este tema, focalizaremos nuestra investigación en una de esas estrategias, la estrategia de protección. Analizaremos sus categorías básicas de expresión y sus mecanismos lingüístico-discursivos esenciales, así como los actores que hacen uso de ellos o que son mencionados como ejemplos de protectores o de desprotectores. En última instancia, aplicaremos estas propuestas al caso concreto del subcorpus de OPINIÓN incluido en el corpus DIPURE (Discurso Público sobre los Refugiados en España). Más concretamente, observaremos la representación de los macroactores políticos en este contexto de protección o de desprotección a partir de 84 mensajes. La aproximación será cuantitativa y cualitativa. Entre los resultados más llamativos podemos destacar que estos macroactores son presentados como carentes de sensibilidad, que no gestionan adecuadamente la crisis, que son cobardes y que desajustan su decir y su hacer. Además, Europa es el macroactor que más y mejor se ajusta a esta descripción.
La representación de la mujer refugiada en la prensa española. A propósito del corpus DIPURE
Authors: Asensio Pastor Margarita Isabel
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo trata de dar cuenta de cómo se representa la mujer refugiada en la prensa española partiendo del corpus de piezas informativas del proyecto de I+D+i DIPURE, que abarca desde el 1 de enero de 2015 al 30 de junio de 2017. Para alcanzar nuestro objetivo, realizamos un estudio de tipo mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo. Para la parte cualitativa, nos basamos en los principios del ACD (Análisis Crítico del Discurso) para dar cuenta de los discursos subyacentes sobre mujer refugiada y representación de esta en la prensa española. Entre los datos, observamos, por un lado, que se trata de un tema con baja densidad con respecto al cómputo total de piezas informativas del corpus DIPURE; por otro lado, existe una tendencia clara a relacionar el tema de mujer refugiada con violencia y abusos, principalmente sexuales, y, además, es frecuente que aparezca en relación con su rol de madre y, por tanto, relacionada con la variable temática de infancia.
Ideologia e poder no “dia do fogo” na Amazônia (2019): análise crítica do discurso dos jornais Público e Folha de S.Paulo
Authors: Braga Thaís , Marinho Sandra
Published: January 2025

Em 2019, uma onda de incêndios florestais espalhou-se pela Amazônia brasileira a partir de municípios do Estado do Pará. Iniciada em 10 de agosto, a queima foi supostamente provocada por um grupo de agropecuaristas e ficou conhecida como o “dia do fogo”. A partir deste caso, o artigo objetiva identificar e compreender como se manifestaram as ideologias sobre a Amazônia no discurso jornalístico. Por meio do processo de amostragem não probabilística por casos típicos, formou-se um corpus com 61 textos do Público (Portugal) e 60 textos da Folha de S. Paulo (Brasil), do qual se extraíram dois textos de perguntas e respostas (explicadores) sobre o “dia do fogo”. Adotaram-se a observação direta e a observação indireta (entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade) como técnicas/instrumentos de coleta de dados. A técnica de análise utilizada foi a análise crítica do discurso. A partir do exame das manchetes, submanchetes e das dez perguntas de cada texto, percebeu-se a manifestação de ideologias semelhantes nos dois jornais. O interesse de ambos sobre a Amazônia pareceu ser despertado pelo presidente da França, Emmanuel Macron, que chamou a atenção para a crise internacional no "pulmão do mundo". De maneiras próprias, Público e Folha de S. Paulo apresentaram visões estrangeiras sobre o bioma, com a frequente associação à floresta e aos rios. No aspecto político, o periódico brasileiro confrontou as posições do presidente brasileiro Jair Bolsonaro, enquanto o periódico português alinhou-se à agenda verde europeia.
Futebol, ativismo e resistência: uma análise (crítica) de discurso de páginas do Facebook de torcidas antifascistas de São Paulo (2019-2020)
Authors: Lopes Felipe Tavares Paes , Iñiguez-Rueda Lupicinio
Published: January 2025

Este artigo objetiva compreender de que maneira as torcidas antifascistas de futebol da cidade de São Paulo constroem discursivamente seu ativismo em suas páginas oficiais no Facebook e como essas construções discursivas produzem, reproduzem, contestam e/ou transformam significados que legitimam relações de dominação. A fim de alcançar esse objetivo, analisa 62 postagens dessas torcidas em suas páginas oficiais do Facebook. A partir dessa análise, indica que essas torcidas contestam a ideia de que a luta antifascista possa se dar dentro dos marcos da democracia liberal, caracterizando-a como uma luta antissistema. Também mostra que, a despeito de construírem seu ativismo como revolucionário, não propõem “revolucionar” o futebol e intervir na estrutura do próprio jogo.
PEDAGOGIA DO NÃO LUGAR
Authors: Marques Xavier Casanova Glau
Published: January 2025

Habitar a escola como um professor dissidente da norma produz diferentes maneiras de pensarmos a docência e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Este texto traz reflexões sobre a presença do corpo não binário enquanto figura docente no contexto escolar, explorando as potencialidades e desafios dessa vivência. Para tanto, foram utilizadas ferramentas autoetnográficas articuladas ao conceito de Escrevivências. Propõe-se uma “pedagogia do não lugar”, que subverte as expectativas tradicionais do papel docente, negando imposições normativas para abrir caminho a novas formas de ser e existir enquanto professor. A discussão abrange como as normas cisheterossexuais contribuem para que a escola seja um lugar de vigilância e regulação do gênero e da sexualidade, bem como as possibilidades de tornar este um ambiente mais inclusivo e respeitoso. O compartilhamento do professor sobre si constrói relações de cumplicidade e confiança com estudantes, promovendo uma educação que valoriza a diversidade e questiona as normas estabelecidas.
O SILÊNCIO COMO BASE
Authors: Prim Janning Daniel , Aparecida de Carvalho Fabiana , Brasil Ramos Mariana
Published: January 2025

A força política conservadora em Mato Grosso faz da sua educação pública um laboratório para tomadas de decisão conservadoras e neoliberais. Seu maior exemplo está na decisão de sair parcialmente do PNLD em 2021. Este trabalho analisa os livros didáticos de Ciências do oitavo ano comprados pelo Estado para os anos letivos de 2022 e 2023, focando nos discursos relacionados a gênero e sexualidade. A análise mostra para o livro de 2022, um movimento de abertura ao debate e diálogo em questões de gênero, sexualidade e orientação sexual, vinculado à terceira versão da BNCC. Enquanto que no material de 2023 há um silenciamento destes temas, refletindo os vetos da versão final da BNCC. Fica possível vislumbrar a agenda conservadora propulsora destas mudanças no currículo, bem como dúvidas sobre o tratamento destas temáticas nos materiais fornecidos ao Estado e às escolas particulares que também são vinculadas à SOMOS Educação.