bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critique et profondeur
Authors: Guillaume Daniel
Published: January 2012

Résumé Mêlant souvenirs personnels et réflexion plus théorique, l’article situe d’abord Jean-Pierre Richard dans le parcours personnel et familial de l’auteur. Poésie et Profondeur , Littérature et Sensation , permirent à ce dernier la découverte de la critique littéraire, à un moment où, tout jeune étudiant, après un parcours scientifique, il cherchait une juste alliance entre l’imaginaire créateur et l’exigence de rationalité. Le propos cherche ensuite à caractériser, à travers une lecture de Pêle-mêle en particulier, la démarche d’un critique attaché à ce que l’on peut définir, à l’ère du texte virtuel, comme sa matérialité propre. Les nuances d’un tel style se jouent de toute référence théorique close au profit de ce qui finit bien par apparaître comme une éthique de la lecture et de l’écriture.
Réinterprétation sociale d'un vieux parler citadin maghrébin à Casablanca
Authors: Hachimi Atiqa
Published: January 2012

Cet article s’intéresse aux pratiques et représentations d’un vieux parler arabe citadin de la ville de Fès (le fassi) à Casablanca. Depuis des siècles, le fassi s’est imposé comme parler prestigieux désignant une identité citadine et aristocrate. Je m’interrogerai dans cet article sur les façons dont se traduisent ces anciennes valeurs sociolinguistiques et différentielles suite à l’immigration et au contact avec « l’autre » dans la société casablancaise contemporaine. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence l’évaluation sociale et la réinterprétation synchronique du parler fassi à Casablanca pour mieux comprendre les motivations sociales du changement (ou du maintien) linguistique. Cette étude s’inscrit dans la sociolinguistique variationniste et prend en considération les effets de l’âge et du genre sur la variation et le changement linguistique chez 32 locuteurs d’origine fassie à Casablanca. Les résultats montrent que le statut du parler fassi à Casablanca est assez compliqué et ne s’inscrit pas entièrement ni facilement dans les généralisations qui insistent sur l’état moribond des vieux parlers citadins au Maroc. En outre, l’investigation des sens indexicaux (attitudes et représentations) nous aide à comprendre pourquoi les variables linguistiques prennent des trajectoires différentes et nous permet aussi d’analyser les réinterprétations sociales des variables linguistiques dans un temps bien précis dans leur évolution.
Représentations linguistiques et contact dialectal : remarques sur l'évolution de cinq variantes régionales à Beyrouth
Authors: Germanos Marie-Aimée
Published: January 2012

Cet article s’intéresse aux résultats du contact dialectal à Beyrouth en termes de nivellement et de réallocation pour cinq variantes régionales de l’arabe dialectal libanais, la capitale libanaise ayant connu une migration importante et continue depuis le début du XIX e siècle. L’article s’appuie sur un corpus d’entretiens et de conversations recueilli entre 2005 et 2009 auprès de 47 informateurs. Après avoir présenté, sur la base de l’étude de la répartition de deux variantes, la tendance au nivellement des formes géographiquement minoritaires, on tâchera de mettre en lumière l’impact des représentations sociolinguistiques – prestige latent, stigmatisation et accession de la variation à la conscience linguistique des locuteurs – sur le maintien relatif d’une troisième forme minoritaire, sur le nivellement d’une forme majoritaire et sur la réallocation stylistique d’une variable qui passe inaperçue (et dont les deux variantes sont d’emploi géographique relativement égal).
Bird Use of Fields Treated Postharvest With Two Types of Flooding in Tulare Basin, California
Authors: Fleskes Joseph P. , Skalos Daniel A. , Farinha Melissa A.
Published: January 2012

We surveyed birds on grain and nongrain fields in the Tulare Basin of California treated postharvest with two types of flooding that varied in duration and depth of water applied (flooded-type [FLD] fields: <1 cm–1.5 m for >1 wk; irrigated-type [IRG] fields: <1–15 cm water for <1 wk at a time). Our goal was to compare use of these field types by birds to guide habitat conservation in the region. During 19 August–6 December 2005, we counted a total of 80,316 birds during 23 surveys of 5 FLD fields (four wheat, one alfalfa) and 8,225 birds during 38 surveys of 33 IRG fields (23 cotton, 4 tomato, 3 wheat, 1 alfalfa, 1 oat, 1 fallow). We recorded 14 waterfowl (13 duck, 1 goose), 29 other waterbird (coots, shorebirds, grebes, pelicans, herons, egrets, gulls, terns), and 14 nonwaterbird (passerines, raptors, and vultures) species on FLD fields compared to 5 duck, 14 other waterbird, and 9 nonwaterbird species on IRG fields. Species composition differed by field type; waterfowl comprised a greater percentage (FLD vs. IRG, 16.2% vs. 1.3%), other waterbirds a similar percentage (80.4% vs. 71.6%), and nonwaterbirds a lower percentage (3.5% vs. 27.1%) of birds on FLD than on IRG fields. The modeled density estimate of waterfowl was 108 times greater on FLD than IRG fields and 7.4 times greater on grain than nongrain fields. The density estimate of other waterbirds was 11.8 times greater on FLD than IRG fields and 4.4 times greater on grain than nongrain fields. The density estimate of nonwaterbirds was 14.3 times greater on grain than nongrain fields but did not differ by flood type. Long duration (i.e., >1 wk) flooding increased waterbird use of grain fields in the Tulare Basin more than in the northern Central Valley. Thus, even though water costs are high in the Tulare Basin, if net benefit to waterbirds is considered, management programs that increase availability of FLD fields (especially grain) in the Tulare Basin may be a cost-effective option to help meet waterbird habitat conservation goals in the Central Valley of California.
Understanding the Advantages of Mobile Solutions for Chronic Disease Management
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Tatnall Arthur , Goldberg Steve
Published: January 2012

In an environment of escalating healthcare costs, chronic disease management is particularly challenging, since, by definition such diseases have no foreseeable cure and if poorly managed typically lead to further, complicated secondary health issues, which ultimately only serve to exacerbate cost. Diabetes is one of the leading chronic diseases and its prevalence continues to rise exponentially. Thus it behooves all to focus on solutions that can result in superior management of this disease. Hence, this article presents findings from a longitudinal exploratory case study that examined the application of a pervasive technology solution; a mobile phone, to provide superior diabetes self-care. Notably, the benefits of a pervasive technology solution for supporting superior self-care in the context of chronic disease are made especially apparent when viewed through the rich lens of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and thus the paper underscores the importance of using ANT in such contexts to facilitate a deeper understanding of all potential advantages.
Networks, Agents and Models
Authors: Muniesa Fabian , Tchalakov Ivan
Published: January 2012

Actor-Network Theory proves particularly inspiring in reconsidering the tenets of quantitative research and computational methods in the social sciences. However, translating insights from this perspective into operational models is problematic. The paper examines, in the form of a dialogue, critical problems of the computational modelling of network topologies considered from the point of view of Actor-Network Theory. In particular, the paper discusses the impetus of simulation and the inappropriateness of the distinction between agents and links.
Innovation in Communication
Authors: Singh Mohini , Dwivedi Yogesh   K. , Hackney Ray , Peszynski Konrad
Published: January 2012

This paper analyses the dimensions of social websites to establish communication innovation using the Actor Network Theory. Social websites are also referred to as social network sites and social media sites which reflect technology, users, content and linguistic issues as heterogeneous combination of entities for interaction and communication via this media. Social websites have clearly achieved widespread adoption as a new means of communication in a very short time around the globe. An extensive review of extant literature on social websites is presented in this paper to reflect their growing importance, the reasons for their adoption, the content shared, the mode of use and the language used for communication illustrating that social websites are a combination of a number of technological and social entities. This paper highlights emerging research issues on social networking sites as a future communication tool and the innovation in communication using the Actor Network Theory.
Skin Langerin+ Dendritic Cells Transport Intradermally Injected Anti–DEC-205 Antibodies but Are Not Essential for Subsequent Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Flacher Vincent , Tripp Christoph H. , Haid Bernhard , Kissenpfennig Adrien , Malissen Bernard , Stoitzner Patrizia , Idoyaga Juliana , Romani Nikolaus
Published: January 2012

Incorporation of Ags by dendritic cells (DCs) increases when Ags are targeted to endocytic receptors by mAbs. We have previously demonstrated in the mouse that mAbs against C-type lectins administered intradermally are taken up by epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), dermal Langerinneg DCs, and dermal Langerin+ DCs in situ. However, the relative contribution of these skin DC subsets to the induction of immune responses after Ag targeting has not been addressed in vivo. We show in this study that murine epidermal LCs and dermal DCs transport intradermally injected mAbs against the lectin receptor DEC-205/CD205 in vivo. Skin DCs targeted in situ with mAbs migrated through lymphatic vessels in steady state and inflammation. In the skin-draining lymph nodes, targeting mAbs were found in resident CD8α+ DCs and in migrating skin DCs. More than 70% of targeted DCs expressed Langerin, including dermal Langerin+ DCs and LCs. Numbers of targeted skin DCs in the nodes increased 2-3-fold when skin was topically inflamed by the TLR7 agonist imiquimod. Complete removal of the site where OVA-coupled anti–DEC-205 had been injected decreased endogenous cytotoxic responses against OVA peptide-loaded target cells by 40–50%. Surprisingly, selective ablation of all Langerin+ skin DCs in Langerin-DTR knock-in mice did not affect such responses independently of the adjuvant chosen. Thus, in cutaneous immunization strategies where Ag is targeted to DCs, Langerin+ skin DCs play a major role in transport of anti–DEC-205 mAb, although Langerinneg dermal DCs and CD8α+ DCs are sufficient to subsequent CD8+ T cell responses.
The β2-Microglobulin–Free Heterodimerization of Rhesus Monkey MHC Class I A with Its Normally Spliced Variant Reduces the Ubiquitin-Dependent Degradation of MHC Class I A
Authors: Dai Zheng-Xi , Zhang Gao-Hong , Zhang Xi-He , Xia Hou-Jun , Li Shao-You , Zheng Yong-Tang
Published: January 2012

The MHC class I (MHC I) molecules play a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses by presenting antigenic peptides to CTLs and by regulating cytolytic activities of NK cells. In this article, we show that MHC I A in rhesus macaques can be alternatively spliced, generating a novel MHC I A isoform (termed “MHC I A-sv1”) devoid of α3 domain. Despite the absence of β2-microglobulin (β2m), the MHC I A-sv1 proteins reached the cell surface of K562-transfected cells as endoglycosidase H-sensitive glycoproteins that could form disulfide-bonded homodimers. Cycloheximide-based protein chase experiments showed that the MHC I A-sv1 proteins were more stable than the full-length MHC I A in transiently or stably transfected cell lines. Of particular interest, our studies demonstrated that MHC I A-sv1 could form β2m-free heterodimers with its full-length protein in mammalian cells. The formation of heterodimers was accompanied by a reduction in full-length MHC I A ubiquitination and consequent stabilization of the protein. Taken together, these results demonstrated that MHC I A-sv1 and MHC I A can form a novel heterodimeric complex as a result of the displacement of β2m and illustrated the relevance of regulated MHC I A protein degradation in the β2m-free heterodimerization-dependent control, which may have some implications for the MHC I A splice variant in the fine tuning of classical MHC I A/TCR and MHC I A/killer cell Ig-like receptor interactions.
Cutting Edge: Fasting-Induced Hypoleptinemia Expands Functional Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Liu Yaoyang , Yu Yiyun , Matarese Giuseppe , La Cava Antonio
Published: January 2012

Fasting is beneficial in the prevention and amelioration of the clinical manifestations of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are not well understood. During fasting, there is a dramatic reduction of the levels of circulating leptin, an adipokine with proinflammatory effects. Leptin also inhibits CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, which are known to contribute significantly to the mechanisms of peripheral immune tolerance. In this study, we show that fasting-induced hypoleptinemia in (NZB × NZW)F1 lupus-prone mice induced an expansion of functional regulatory T cells that was reversed by leptin replacement. The specificity of the findings was indicated by the lack of these effects in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice. These observations help to explain the beneficial effects of fasting in autoimmunity and could be exploited for leptin-based immune intervention in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Cutting Edge: Regulation of TLR4-Driven B Cell Proliferation by RP105 Is Not B Cell Autonomous
Authors: Allen Jessica L. , Flick Leah M. , Divanovic Senad , Jackson Shaun W. , Bram Richard , Rawlings David J. , Finkelman Fred D. , Karp Christopher L.
Published: January 2012

Mechanistic understanding of RP105 has been confounded by the fact that this TLR homolog has appeared to have opposing, cell type-specific effects on TLR4 signaling. Although RP105 inhibits TLR4-driven signaling in cell lines and myeloid cells, impaired LPS-driven proliferation by B cells from RP105−/− mice has suggested that RP105 facilitates TLR4 signaling in B cells. In this article, we show that modulation of B cell proliferation by RP105 is not a function of B cell-intrinsic expression of RP105, and identify a mechanistic role for dysregulated BAFF expression in the proliferative abnormalities of B cells from RP105−/− mice: serum BAFF levels are elevated in RP105−/− mice, and partial BAFF neutralization rescues aberrant B cell proliferative responses in such mice. These data indicate that RP105 does not have dichotomous effects on TLR4 signaling and emphasize the need for caution in interpreting the results of global genetic deletion.
Protective effect of curcumin in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Siddique Yasir Hasan , Ara Gulshan , Jyoti Smita , Afzal Mohammad
Published: January 2012

Studies on model organisms have been found to be invaluable in clarifying the cellular and molecular basis of normal cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. Drosophila mutants and transgenes have provided a platform to understand the mechanisms associated with degenerative disease. Studies on the role of polyphenols in protecting against neurodegenerative diseases are limited. In the present study, the effect of curcumin at various doses was studied on the climbing ability of the transgenic Drosophila melanogaster that expresses normal human α-synuclein in the neurons. A significant dose-dependent protection against loss of climbing ability was observed. The results suggest that curcumin can strongly improve the climbing ability of Parkinson’s disease model flies and also supports the utility of this model in studying the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
Radiation-Associated Sarcoma of the Skull base after Irradiation for Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Sedney Cara L. , Morris Jonathan M. , Giannini Caterina , Link Michael J. , Swetz Keith M.
Published: January 2012

Secondary, radiation-induced neoplasms represent a significant long-term risk after radiation treatment, and radiation-induced sarcomas (RAS) have an especially poor prognosis. These have rarely been reported after irradiation for pituitary adenomas.
Assessment of the Accuracy of Ultrasound Compared to Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Ability to Detect Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Axilla
Authors: Ramirez Sarah Ines , Scholle Max , Buckmaster Jennifer , Kowdley Gopal Chandru
Published: January 2012

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is routinely used in the staging of invasive breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the pre-operative assessment of metastatic disease to the axilla in breast cancer patients at our community hospital. We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database of 277 patients seen at our breast center from 2009 to 2010. Patients with invasive breast cancer were then evaluated for axillary metastasis. Lymph nodes were sampled using fine needle aspiration (FNAB) or core biopsy. Histopathology of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) or results of the axillary dissection were compared to US or MRI results. A total of 228 patients had invasive breast cancer. In these patients, 122 lymph nodes were sampled. Pathology proven metastases to axillary lymph nodes were found in 76 cases. Accuracy and sensitivity were higher in US than MRI in detecting metastatic disease to the axilla (70.2%, 84.6%, p < 0.001 and 60.0%, 52.6%, p < 0.1, respectively). US was more accurate than MRI at detecting metastatic breast cancer in the axilla in our community hospital. Axillary US should be a routine part of assessment of breast cancer patients.
Labeling Emotions in Suicide Notes: Cost-Sensitive Learning with Heterogeneous Features
Authors: Read Jonathon , Velldal Erik , Øvrelid Lilja
Published: January 2012

This paper describes a system developed for Track 2 of the 2011 Medical NLP Challenge on identifying emotions in suicide notes. Our approach involves learning a collection of one-versus-all classifiers, each deciding whether or not a particular label should be assigned to a given sentence. We explore a variety of features types–-syntactic, semantic and surface-oriented. Cost-sensitive learning is used for dealing with the issue of class imbalance in the data.
Using Ensemble Models to Classify the Sentiment Expressed in Suicide Notes
Authors: McCart James A. , Finch Dezon K. , Jarman Jay , Hickling Edward , Lind Jason D. , Richardson Matthew R. , Berndt Donald J. , Luther Stephen L.
Published: January 2012

In 2007, suicide was the tenth leading cause of death in the U.S. Given the significance of this problem, suicide was the focus of the 2011 Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) Natural Language Processing (NLP) shared task competition (track two). Specifically, the challenge concentrated on sentiment analysis, predicting the presence or absence of 15 emotions (labels) simultaneously in a collection of suicide notes spanning over 70 years. Our team explored multiple approaches combining regular expression-based rules, statistical text mining (STM), and an approach that applies weights to text while accounting for multiple labels. Our best submission used an ensemble of both rules and STM models to achieve a micro-averaged F1score of 0.5023, slightly above the mean from the 26 teams that competed (0.4875).
Topic Categorisation of Statements in Suicide Notes with Integrated Rules and Machine Learning
Authors: Kovačević Aleksandar , Dehghan Azad , Keane John A. , Nenadic Goran
Published: January 2012

We describe and evaluate an automated approach used as part of the i2b2 2011 challenge to identify and categorise statements in suicide notes into one of 15 topics, including Love, Guilt, Thankfulness, Hopelessness and Instructions. The approach combines a set of lexico-syntactic rules with a set of models derived by machine learning from a training dataset. The machine learning models rely on named entities, lexical, lexico-semantic and presentation features, as well as the rules that are applicable to a given statement. On a testing set of 300 suicide notes, the approach showed the overall best micro F-measure of up to 53.36%. The best precision achieved was 67.17% when only rules are used, whereas best recall of 50.57% was with integrated rules and machine learning. While some topics (eg, Sorrow, Anger, Blame) prove challenging, the performance for relatively frequent (eg, Love) and well-scoped categories (eg, Thankfulness) was comparatively higher (precision between 68% and 79%), suggesting that automated text mining approaches can be effective in topic categorisation of suicide notes.
Multi-generation gas-phase oxidation, equilibrium partitioning, and the formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Cappa C. D. , Wilson K. R.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. A new statistical model of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is developed that explicitly takes into account multi-generational oxidation as well as fragmentation of gas-phase compounds. The model framework requires three tunable parameters to describe the kinetic evolution of SOA mass, the average oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratio and the mean particle volatility as oxidation proceeds. These parameters describe (1) the relationship between oxygen content and volatility, (2) the probability of fragmentation and (3) the amount of oxygen added per reaction. The time-evolution and absolute value of the SOA mass depends sensitively on all three tunable parameters. Of the tunable parameters, the mean O:C is most sensitive to the oxygen/volatility relationship, exhibiting only a weak dependence on the other two. The mean particle O:C produced from a given compound is primarily controlled by the number of carbon atoms comprising the SOA precursor. It is found that gas-phase compounds with larger than 11 carbon atoms are unlikely to form SOA with O:C values >0.4, which suggests that so-called "intermediate-volatility" organic compounds (IVOCs) and "semi-volatile" organic compounds (SVOCs) are not major contributors to the ambient SOA burden when high O:C ratios are observed, especially at short atmospheric times. The model is tested against laboratory measurements of SOA formation from the photooxidation of α-pinene and n-pentadecane and performs well (after tuning). This model may provide a generalized framework for the interpretation of laboratory SOA formation experiments in which explicit consideration of multiple-generations of products is required, which is true for all photo-oxidation experiments.
The scavenging processes controlling the seasonal cycle in Arctic sulphate and black carbon aerosol
Authors: Browse J. , Carslaw K. S. , Arnold S. R. , Pringle K. , Boucher O.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. The seasonal cycle in Arctic aerosol is typified by high concentrations of large aged anthropogenic particles transported from lower latitudes in the late Arctic winter and early spring followed by a sharp transition to low concentrations of locally sourced smaller particles in the summer. However, multi-model assessments show that many models fail to simulate a realistic cycle. Here, we use a global aerosol microphysics model and surface-level aerosol observations to understand how wet scavenging processes control the seasonal variation in Arctic black carbon (BC) and sulphate aerosol concentrations. We show that the transition from high wintertime to low summertime Arctic aerosol concentrations is caused by the change from inefficient scavenging in ice clouds to the much more efficient scavenging in warm liquid clouds. This seasonal cycle is amplified further by the appearance of warm drizzling cloud in late spring and summer at a time when aerosol transport shifts mainly to low levels. Implementing these processes in a model greatly improves the agreement between the model and observations at the three Arctic ground-stations Alert, Barrow and Zeppelin Mountain on Svalbard. The SO4 model-observation correlation coefficient (R) increases from: −0.33 to 0.71 at Alert (82.5° N), from −0.16 to 0.70 at Point Barrow (71.0° N) and from −0.42 to 0.40 at Zeppelin Mountain (78° N) while, the BC model-observation correlation coefficient increases from −0.68 to 0.72 at Alert and from −0.42 to 0.44 at Barrow. Observations at three marginal Arctic sites (Janiskoski, Oulanka and Karasjok) indicate a far weaker aerosol seasonal cycle, which we show is consistent with the much smaller seasonal changes in ice clouds compared to the higher latitude sites. Our results suggest that the seasonal cycle in Arctic aerosol is driven by temperature-dependent scavenging processes that may be susceptible to modification in a future climate.
Interaction of anthropogenic and natural emission sources during a wild-land fire event – influence on ozone formation
Authors: Bossioli E. , Tombrou M. , Karali A. , Dandou A. , Paronis D. , Sofiev M.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. The objective of this study is to investigate the contribution of biomass burning in the formation of tropospheric O3. Furthermore, the impact of biogenic emissions under fire and no fire conditions is examined. This is achieved by applying the CAMx chemistry transport model for a wild-land fire event over Western Russia (24 April–10 May 2006). The model results are compared with O3 and isoprene observations from 117 and 9 stations of the EMEP network, respectively. Model computations show that the fire episode altered the O3 sensitivity in the area. In particular, the fire emissions increased surface O3 over Northern and Eastern Europe by up to 80% (40–45 ppb). In case of adopting a high fire NOx/CO emission ratio (0.06), the area (Eastern Europe and Western Russia) is characterized by VOC-sensitive O3 production and the impact of biogenic emissions is proven significant, contributing up to 8 ppb. Under a lower ratio (0.025), total surface O3 is almost doubled due to higher O3 production at the fire spots and lower fires' NO emissions. In this case as well as in the absence of fires, the impact of biogenic emissions is almost negligible. Injection height of the fire emissions accounted for O3 differences of the order of 10%, both at surface and over the planetary boundary layer (PBL).
Identification of climatic state with limited proxy data
Authors: Annan J. D. , Hargreaves J. C.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. We investigate the identifiability of the climate by limited proxy data. We test a data assimilation approach through perfect model pseudoproxy experiments, using a simple likelihood-based weighting based on the particle filtering process. Our experimental set-up enables us to create a massive 10 000-member ensemble at modest computational cost, thus enabling us to generate statistically robust results. We find that the method works well when data are sparse and imprecise, but in this case the reconstruction has a rather low accuracy as indicated by residual RMS errors. Conversely, when data are relatively plentiful and accurate, the estimate tracks the target closely, at least when considering the hemispheric mean. However, in this case, our prior ensemble size of 10 000 appears to be inadequate to correctly represent the true posterior, and the regional performance is poor. Using correlations to assess performance gives a more encouraging picture, with significant correlations ranging from about 0.3 when data are sparse to values over 0.7 when data are plentiful, but the residual RMS errors are substantial in all cases. Our results imply that caution is required in interpreting climate reconstructions, especially when considering the regional scale, as skill on this basis is markedly lower than on the large scale of hemispheric mean temperature.
A Lagrangian model of air-mass photochemistry and mixing using a trajectory ensemble: the Cambridge Tropospheric Trajectory model of Chemistry And Transport (CiTTyCAT) version 4.2
Authors: Pugh T. A. M. , Cain M. , Methven J. , Wild O. , Arnold S. R. , Real E. , Law K. S. , Emmerson K. M. , Owen S. M. , Pyle J. A. , Hewitt C. N. , MacKenzie A. R.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. A Lagrangian model of photochemistry and mixing is described (CiTTyCAT, stemming from the Cambridge Tropospheric Trajectory model of Chemistry And Transport), which is suitable for transport and chemistry studies throughout the troposphere. Over the last five years, the model has been developed in parallel at several different institutions and here those developments have been incorporated into one "community" model and documented for the first time. The key photochemical developments include a new scheme for biogenic volatile organic compounds and updated emissions schemes. The key physical development is to evolve composition following an ensemble of trajectories within neighbouring air-masses, including a simple scheme for mixing between them via an evolving "background profile", both within the boundary layer and free troposphere. The model runs along trajectories pre-calculated using winds and temperature from meteorological analyses. In addition, boundary layer height and precipitation rates, output from the analysis model, are interpolated to trajectory points and used as inputs to the mixing and wet deposition schemes. The model is most suitable in regimes when the effects of small-scale turbulent mixing are slow relative to advection by the resolved winds so that coherent air-masses form with distinct composition and strong gradients between them. Such air-masses can persist for many days while stretching, folding and thinning. Lagrangian models offer a useful framework for picking apart the processes of air-mass evolution over inter-continental distances, without being hindered by the numerical diffusion inherent to global Eulerian models. The model, including different box and trajectory modes, is described and some output for each of the modes is presented for evaluation. The model is available for download from a Subversion-controlled repository by contacting the corresponding authors.
Response to recharge variation of thin lenses and their mixing zone with underlying saline groundwater
Authors: Eeman S. , van der Zee S. E. A. T. M. , Leijnse A. , de Louw P. G. B. , Maas C.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. In coastal zones with saline groundwater, fresh groundwater lenses may form due to infiltration of rain water. The thickness of both the lens and the mixing zone, determines fresh water availability for plant growth. Due to recharge variation, the thickness of the lens and the mixing zone are not constant, which may adversely affect agricultural and natural vegetation if saline water reaches the root zone during the growing season. In this paper, we study the response of thin lenses and their mixing zone to variation of recharge. The recharge is varied using sinusoids with a range of amplitudes and frequencies. We vary lens characteristics by varying the Rayleigh number and Mass flux ratio of saline and fresh water, as these dominantly influence the thickness of thin lenses and their mixing zone. Numerical results show a linear relation between the normalized lens volume and the main lens and recharge characteristics, enabling an analytical approximation of the variation of lens thickness. Increase of the recharge amplitude causes increase, and increase of recharge frequency causes decrease in the variation of lens thickness. The average lens thickness is not significantly influenced by these variations in recharge, contrary to the mixing zone thickness. The mixing zone thickness is compared to that of a Fickian mixing regime. A simple relation between the travelled distance of the center of the mixing zone position due to variations in recharge and the mixing zone thickness is shown to be valid for both a sinusoidal recharge variation and actual records of daily recharge data. Starting from a step response function, convolution can be used to determine the effect of variable recharge in time. For a sinusoidal curve, we can determine delay of lens movement compared to the recharge curve as well as the lens amplitude, derived from the convolution integral. Together the proposed equations provide us with a first order approximation of lens characteristics using basic lens and recharge parameters without the use of numerical models. This enables the assessment of the vulnerability of any thin fresh water lens on saline, upward seeping groundwater to salinity stress in the root zone.
Model study on horizontal variability of nutrient N/P ratio in the Baltic Sea and its impacts on primary production, nitrogen fixation and nutrient limitation
Authors: Wan Z. , Bi H. , She J. , Maar M. , Jonasson L.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. The analysis of measured nutrient concentrations suggests that the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) alteration before and after spring blooms relative to the alteration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) remains quite constant over the years (2000~2009). This ratio differs from the Redfield ratio and varies from 6.6 : 1 to 41.5 : 1 across basins within the Baltic Sea. If the found N/P ratios are indicators of phytoplankton stoichiometry, this would affect nutrient cycles in ecosystem models. We therefore tested the effects of using horizontally variable N/P ratio instead of fixed ratio (N/P = 10 : 1 or 16 : 1) on phytoplankton uptake and remineralization in a 3-D physical-biogeochemical coupled model ERGOM. The model results using the variable N/P ratio show systematical improvements in model performance in comparison with the fixed ratios. In addition, variable N/P ratios greatly affected the model estimated primary production, nitrogen fixation and nutrient limitation, which highlights the importance of using an accurate N/P ratio.
Sensitivity of basal conditions in an inverse model: Vestfonna Ice-Cap, Nordaustlandet/Svalbard
Authors: Schäfer M. , Zwinger T. , Christoffersen P. , Gillet-Chaulet F. , Laakso K. , Pettersson R. , Pohjola V. A. , Strozzi T. , Moore J. C.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. The dynamics of Vestfonna ice-cap (Svalbard) is dominated by fast-flowing outlet glaciers. Its mass balance is poorly known and affected dynamically by these fast flowing outlet glaciers. Hence it is a challenging target for ice-flow modeling. Precise knowledge of the basal conditions and implementation of a good sliding law are crucial for the modeling of this ice-cap. Here we use the Full-Stokes finite element code Elmer/Ice to model the 3-D flow over the whole ice-cap. We use a Robin inverse method to infer the basal friction from the surface velocities observed in 1995. Our results illustrate the importance of the basal friction parameter in reproducing observed velocity fields. We also show the importance of having variable basal friction as given by the inverse method to reproduce the velocity fields of each outlet glacier – a simple parameterization of basal friction cannot give realistic velocities in a forward model. We study the robustness and sensitivity of this method with respect to different parameters (mesh characteristics, ice temperature, errors in topographic and velocity data). The uncertainty in the observational parameters and input data proved to be sufficiently small not to adversely affect the fidelity of the model.
Prevalence of prematurity and epidemiological profile of mothers of premature infants
Authors: De Paula Weslla Albuquerque , Santos Amanda Miranda , Santos Edja Íris Benevides , Santos Raquel Bezerra
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of prematurity and the mothers’ profile from preterm’s newborn (PTI) in a public hospital in Pernambuco’s countryside. Method: this is about a quantitative study, observational and descriptive held in a public hospital in the city of Caruaru-PE. It was considered as a criterion for inclusion preterm infants’mothers, the sample was consisted for 148 postpartum women. Data collection was conducted from February to May 2010 was used structured interview filled from the interview mothers and observation medical records and prenatal card. All data were analyzed using the program Microsoft Excel®. The project was previously approved by the Research Ethics committee from ASCES College, under no protocol 280/09. Results: the prevalence of prematurity was 10.3%. The interviewed had among other characteristics:
The Effect of New Clinical Pathways on the Outcome of Vascular Access Surgery
Authors: Akoh Jacob A. , Powys-Lybbe James
Published: January 2012

Purpose

Prior to 2007, the waiting time for vascular access surgery at our center was approximately 107 days compared to a UK average of 45 days. Two new pathways were developed; the rapid and super-rapid pathways incorporating an access liaison nurse who organized vessel mapping and referred patients for surgery. This audit was to determine whether the pathways were effective in reducing the waiting times and improving vascular accesses outcomes.

Methods

All 210 patients with established renal failure undergoing 232 vascular access procedures between January 2008 and March 2011 were studied. Detailed patient information including type of procedure and cause of access failure were stored in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS for Windows.

Results

One hundred and twenty patients had a brachiocephalic fistula, 61 a radiocephalic fistula, 39 an access using the basilic vein ± transposition, and 11 a transposition of the long saphenous vein and one a brachio-axillary graft. Overall median waiting time from referral to access surgery was 23 days. Patients were followed up for a median of 248 days after surgery. The overall primary failure rate was 9.1% and 25 of 27 accesses failed because of thrombosis. The overall cumulative survival probability of accesses at one year was 61.4% with a mean survival of 621.2 days (SEM = 34.8).

Conclusion

The clinical pathways have improved VA service to patients with a drastic reduction in waiting times, elimination of synthetic access, and maintenance of satisfactory results.
Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Organic Fertilizers in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Haruna I. M. , Abimiku M. S.
Published: January 2012

Field experiments were carried out during the rainy seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the teaching and research farm of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Lafia campus in the southern Guinea savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria to assess the effects of poultry manure, cow manure and sheep manure on the performance of sesame crop. Manure application was found to have significantly increased both yield and yield attributes of sesame compared with non application at all. Application of 2.5 t ha-1 of poultry manure produced the highest value for all the yield attributes measured. The seed yield per hectare in both years were also optimized with the application of 2.5 t ha-1 of poultry manure (1914.07 and 1933.20 kg ha-1 in 2008 and 2009 respectively) compared with any other applied rates of sheep and cow manure and is therefore recommended.
Avaliação da lesão muscular após estiramento controlado em ratos diabéticos
Authors: Godoi Vanessa De , Rossi Rafael Paolo , Pallotta Rodney Capp , Tomazoni Shaiane Silva , Teixeira Simone , Ramos Luciano
Published: January 2012

Introdução: O diabetes é uma doença autoimune multifatorial cuja suscetibilidade é determinada por fatores químicos, genéticos e ambientais. Objetivo: Avaliar parâmetros bioquímicos e funcionais do processo inflamatório após lesão muscular em ratos diabéticos. Métodos: Por meio de uma flexão plantar foi realizado o estiramento controlado do músculo tibial anterior nos grupos lesão (n=5) e lesão diabético (n=5). O extravasamento proteico foi determinado por Azul de Evans, citocinas TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 e IL-10 por ELISA e avaliação funcional pela walking track analysis. Resultados: Observou-se um maior extravasamento proteico nos grupos les e les + diab em relação ao grupo hígido (p
Efeito da radiação gama nas propriedades sensoriais, atividade de água e micobiota de arroz
Authors: Aquino Simone , Nunes Thaise Cristine Fernandes , Corrêa Benedito
Published: January 2012

Introdução: A contaminação fúngica ocorre frequentemente em arroz, após a colheita. Micotoxinas são metabólitos secundários produzidos por fungos toxigênicos considerados tóxicos para humanos e animais e causam injúria em órgãos-alvo, como câncer hepático. Objetivo: Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar os efeitos da radiação gama na descontaminação fúngica, avaliar as alterações em propriedades sensoriais e nos valores de Atividade de água (Aa) dos grãos. Métodos: Amostras de arroz foram irradiadas com doses de 2 e 4 kGy e semeadas em ágar Batata e Dicloran Glicerol 18 %. Resultados: Todos os grupos controle de arroz apresentaram diversos gêneros fúngicos, principalmente o grupo arroz integral, se comparado com o polido. A presença de fungos toxigênicos nas amostras representa um risco potencial na formação de micotoxinas. Conclusão: O tratamento nas doses de 2 e 4 kGy eliminou a contaminação fúngica, garantindo a qualidade do produto sem alterações significativas nas propriedades sensoriais.
Efeitos do programa de exercícios sobre a antropometria e pressão arterial de indivíduos obesos
Authors: Silva Bruna Ziderich , Silva Eni Gabriel , Costa Franciane Da Cruz , Santos Joelma Alves , Pereira Poliane Da Silva , De Carvalho Érica Blascovi , Leite Gerson Santos , Casarin Cezar Augusto Souza , Urtado Christiano Bertoldo
Published: January 2012

Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de um programa de exercícios sobre variáveis antropométricas e a pressão arterial (PA) de obesos. Métodos: Para isso, 25 indivíduos com idade média de 53,8 ± 12,5 anos e índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio de 33,1 ± 2,5 kg/m2 foram submetidos a 12 semanas de treinamento de força e aeróbio. No início e após o término do treinamento a PA foi aferida pelo método auscultatório e o peso corporal, a estatura e as circunferências corporais foram mensurados para os cálculos do IMC e relação cintura-quadril. Foi aplicado o teste “t” Student pareado e teste de Willcoxon (p< 0,05) para verificar possíveis efeitos do treinamento nas variáveis estudadas. Resultados: A pressão arterial sistólica diminuiu 10,6% e a diastólica 11,1% (p
Análise da força muscular respiratória em pacientes com esclerose múltipla
Authors: Trentin Paula , Castellano Luisa Cerri , Schuster Rodrigo Costa
Published: January 2012

Introdução: Esclerose Múltipla (EM) é uma doença do sistema nervoso central, acomete adultos jovens, e apresenta alterações motoras e respiratórias. Objetivo: Medir a força muscular respiratória (FMR) dos pacientes com EM, comparar valores de pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx) e correlacionar esses valores com fadiga. Métodos: Realizaram-se avaliação da FMR pela manovacuometria, no início da manhã e no fim da tarde, e da fadiga pela Escala de Severidade da Fadiga (ESF). Resultados: Comparando os valores previstos de PI e PE, respectivamente, com PImáx manhã e tarde e com PEmáx em iguais períodos, não foi possível verificar diferença significativa. Já a relação entre PImáx tarde e PEmáx tarde com a ESF demonstrou uma forte correlação, r=-0,70 e r=-0,69, nessa ordem. Conclusão: As PRmáx se apresentaram de forma diferente nos dois períodos, embora sem diferença significativa, e quanto maior a pontuação da ESF, menor a FMR desses pacientes.
Características clínicas de pacientes portadores de bronquiectasias acompanhados em um ambulatório especializado de pneumologia
Authors: Faria Júnior Newton Santos , Pasqual Renato Marrach de , Apostólico Nádua , Hirata Raquel Pastréllo , Aguiar Isabella De Carvalho , Vicente Rosângela , Bigatão Amilcar Marcelo , Santos Sérgio Ricardo , Leitão Filho Fernando Sérgio Studart , Jardim José Roberto , Sampaio Luciana Maria Malosá , Oliveira Luis Vicente Franco de
Published: January 2012

Objetivo: Caracterizar pacientes portadores de bronquiectasias acompanhados em um ambulatório de pneumologia na cidade de São Paulo. Método: Trata-se de um estudo clínico descritivo, retrospectivo do tipo série de casos, no qual foram estudados sujeitos portadores de bronquiectasias, atendidos entre 2004 e 2011 no Ambulatório Multiprofissional de Bronquiectasias da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 194 pacientes, sendo 103 (53%) do sexo feminino, media de idade de 53,3 ± 18,3 anos e índice de massa corpórea de 23,4 ± 4,5 Kg/m2. Os sintomas predominantes foram tosse (93,8%), expectoração (89,2%) e dispneia (76,3%), sendo as maiores causadoras da doença a sequela de tuberculose pulmonar (37,15%), seguida de etiologia pós-infecciosa (33,5%) e causas idiopáticas (23,7%). As comorbidades mais encontradas foram hiper-reatividade brônquica (66%) e doenças cardiovasculares (44%). Conclusão: Foi delineado o perfil clínico de pacientes portadores de bronquiectasias caracterizados por baixa escolaridade, múltiplas comorbidades e presença acentuada de tosse, expectoração e dispneia.
Efeito da ingestão de linhaça na nutrição de idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Petry Marli , Dal Bosco Simone Morelo , Scherer Fernanda , Gomes Janaína
Published: January 2012

Introdução: O Brasil possui 19 milhões de idosos. Essa população é suscetível a doenças e os alimentos podem colaborar para manter seu bem-estar. O efeito do ômega 3 na saúde está amplamente estudado; porém, na composição da linhaça, ainda necessita investigação. Objetivo: Verificar a influência da ingestão diária de 15 gramas de linhaça e alterações do perfil lipídico, nutricional e inflamatório de idosos residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência. Métodos: Analisaram-se 13 idosas, que ingeriram linhaça por 45 dias. Coletaram-se dados sobre consumo alimentar por meio de registro alimentar de três dias, medidas antropométricas e exames bioquímicos, antes e depois da intervenção. Realizou-se análise química da linhaça utilizada no experimento. Resultados: A linhaça teve um efeito positivo na melhora da constipação e no aumento da albumina. Verificou-se aumento do colesterol HDL (p=0,001). Conclusão: A linhaça não teve efeito positivo referente ao perfil lipídico; porém, melhora o perfil inflamatório e nutricional.
Influência da intervenção fisioterapêutica no controle de tronco em portadores de hemiplegia
Authors: Siqueira Rachelle Marielly Costa , Frazão Vânia De Sousa , Lopes Rauena Souto Diogo , Petillo Ana Patrícia De Carvalho
Published: January 2012

Introdução: O paciente hemiplégico apresenta dificuldade em realizar movimentos com controle motor, necessitando de treinamento baseado em exercícios de controle de tronco. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos da intervenção fisioterapêutica no controle de tronco no portador de hemiplegia, relacionando-os à capacidade funcional (AVD). Método: Foi realizada a aplicação de duas escalas – MIF (Medida de Independência Funcional) e EDT (Escala de Deficiência de Tronco) –, antes e após a intervenção fisioterapêutica, em 10 pacientes portadores de hemiplegia, duas vezes por semana, com duração de 60 minutos cada sessão. Resultados: Verificou-se relevância significativa (p≤ 0,05) na análise intragrupo (p< 0,0001) e intergrupo (p< 0,0048) das escalas MIF e EDT. Conclusão: A intervenção adotada mostrou-se eficaz na aquisição do controle de tronco dos pacientes hemiplégicos, bem como contribuiu para melhorar a realização de suas atividades de vida diárias.