bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Selective Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Zhang Yi-Zhen , Li Peng-Hui , Ren Yi-Nuo , He Yun , Zhang Cheng-Xu , Hu Jue , Cao Xiao-Qiang , Leung Michael
Published: September 2023

Ammonia (NH3) plays a significant role in the manufacture of fertilizers, nitrogen-containing chemical production, and hydrogen storage. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e-NRR) is an attractive prospect for achieving clean and sustainable NH3 production, under mild conditions driven by renewable energy. The sluggish cleavage of N≡N bonds and poor selectivity of e-NRR are the primary challenges for e-NRR, over the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The rational design of e-NRR electrocatalysts is of vital significance and should be based on a thorough understanding of the structure–activity relationship and mechanism. Among the various explored e-NRR catalysts, metal-based electrocatalysts have drawn increasing attention due to their remarkable performances. This review highlighted the recent progress and developments in metal-based electrocatalysts for e-NRR. Different kinds of metal-based electrocatalysts used in NH3 synthesis (including noble-metal-based catalysts, non-noble-metal-based catalysts, and metal compound catalysts) were introduced. The theoretical screening and the experimental practice of rational metal-based electrocatalyst design with different strategies were systematically summarized. Additionally, the structure–function relationship to improve the NH3 yield was evaluated. Finally, current challenges and perspectives of this burgeoning area were provided. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of metal-based e-NRR electrocatalysts with a focus on enhancing their efficiency in the future.
Examining the Triple Burden of Malnutrition: Insights from a Community-Based Comprehensive Nutrition Survey among Indigenous Tribal Children (0–19 Years) in the Western Ghats Hills of India
Authors: Jaleel Abdul , Arlappa N. , Ramakrishna K. Sree , Sunu P. V. , Jayalakshmi G. , Neeraja G. , Narasimhulu D. , Kumar T. Santhosh , Kumar Senthil B.
Published: September 2023

This article presents findings from a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Attappadi, Kerala, India, aimed at assessing the prevalence of the triple burden of malnutrition among indigenous children aged 0–19 years. Historically, the indigenous population in Attappadi has faced significant developmental challenges, including high rates of malnutrition, infant mortality, and neonatal mortality. This study revealed alarming rates of undernutrition among children aged 0–59 months, with 40.9% experiencing stunting, 27.4% wasting, and 48.3% being underweight. Adolescent girls also suffered from undernutrition, with 21% classified as underweight and 43.3% experiencing stunting. Surprisingly, overweight or obesity was identified as a nutritional problem, affecting 1.4% of children aged 0–59 months, 4.2% of children aged 5–9 years, and 10.5% of adolescent girls. Additionally, a distressing proportion of young children aged 12–59 months (91.2%) were anaemic, with 50% diagnosed specifically with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Nearly all adolescent girls (96.6%) were reportedly suffering from anaemia. Deficiencies in vitamin B12, vitamin D, folate, and vitamin-A were prevalent among 35%, 20%, 16%, and 12% of children aged 12–59 months, respectively. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address this triple burden of malnutrition. Recommendations include promoting culturally appropriate local food-based solutions, establishing participatory and community-led systems for health and nutrition information dissemination, and strengthening the nutrition surveillance system through village-level health and nutrition workers. By adopting a holistic approach, these interventions can help improve the nutritional status and well-being of the indigenous tribal children in Attappadi.
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Artificially Sweetened Beverages Consumption and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: Tseng Tung-Sung , Lin Wei-Ting , Ting Peng-Sheng , Huang Chiung-Kuei , Chen Po-Hung , Gonzalez Gabrielle V. , Lin Hui-Yi
Published: September 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are fast becoming the most common chronic liver disease and are often preventable with healthy dietary habits and weight management. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with obesity and NAFLD. However, the impact of different types of SSBs, including artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), is not clear after controlling for total sugar intake and total caloric intake. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the consumption of different SSBs and the risk of NAFLD and NASH in US adults. The representativeness of 3739 US adults aged ≥20 years old who had completed 24 h dietary recall interviews and measurements, including dietary, SSBs, smoking, physical activity, and liver stiffness measurements, were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 surveys. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and weighted logistic regression models were utilized for analyses. The prevalence of NASH was 20.5%, and that of NAFLD (defined without NASH) was 32.7% of US. adults. We observed a higher prevalence of NASH/NAFLD in men, Mexican-Americans, individuals with sugar intake from SSBs, light–moderate alcohol use, lower physical activity levels, higher energy intake, obesity, and medical comorbidities. Heavy sugar consumption through SSBs was significantly associated with NAFLD (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05–2.45). In addition, the intake of ASBs only (compared to the non-SSB category) was significantly associated with NAFLD (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.04–3.05), after adjusting for demographic, risk behaviors, and body mass index. A higher sugar intake from SSBs and exclusive ASB intake are both associated with the risk of NAFLD.
A Specific Carbohydrate Diet Virtual Teaching Kitchen Curriculum Promotes Knowledge and Confidence in Caregivers of Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Rivera Nancy , Nguyen Kaylie , Kalami Venus , Qin Feifei , Mathur Maya B. , Blankenburg Rebecca , Yeh Ann Ming
Published: September 2023

Diet-based approaches such as the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) have proposed health benefits for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Despite its potential effectiveness, patients and caregivers identified barriers towards implementing the SCD, and a majority expressed interest in formal education surrounding the SCD. This study aimed to determine the impact of a virtual teaching kitchen curriculum on caregivers’ knowledge and perspectives on implementing the SCD. Inclusion criteria included pediatric patients with IBD aged 3–21 years and their caregivers. Participants should have fewer than 12 months of experience with the SCD or have no experience with the SCD but with an interest in learning it. Twenty-three caregivers took part in a 90-min virtual teaching kitchen curriculum and completed pre- and post-session surveys. Caregivers had statistically significant increases in total curriculum scores (p < 0.0001) as well as increases in all curricular elements post-curriculum teaching. Caregivers indicated that they plan to apply the newly acquired recipes and cooking concepts and appreciated the encouragement and support they received during the course. Curricular strengths identified included the innovative multimodal curriculum structure and professional and community support. IBD centers can use this pilot study to create or expand SCD and other nutritional curricula for the IBD community.
Seeding the Infant Gut in Early Life—Effects of Maternal and Infant Seeding with Probiotics on Strain Transfer, Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Breastfed Infants
Authors: Melsaether Cathrine , Høtoft Diana , Wellejus Anja , Hermes Gerben D. A. , Damholt Anders
Published: September 2023

We investigated the effects of two dosing regimens of two multi-strain probiotic products on the gut microbiota of breastfed infants, including the transfer of the dosed strains and clinical outcomes. In forty-seven dyads, infants were either exposed through maternal intake (MS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bifin02 from gestational week thirty-three until four weeks after birth (n = 24) or dosed directly (IS) with the same strains except for LA-5 starting within 24 h after birth until day 28 (n = 23). Infant stool samples were collected on day 0, 14, 28, and 42 after birth. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by parents using an electronic diary. Microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing, and strain recovery was analyzed by qPCR. Notably, 100% of the IS infants were colonized with Bifin02 after 14 days as opposed to only 25% of the MS infants. Mean stool frequency was significantly lower in IS infants compared to MS infants and IS infants had softer stools on day 14, 28, and 42. A significantly steeper slope of progression of inconsolable crying and fussing was observed in MS infants compared to IS infants. In conclusion, direct infant seeding induced a faster increase in fecal bifidobacteria abundancy and Bifin02 recovery compared to dosed through the maternal intake.
Formula Feeding Is Associated with Rapid Weight Gain between 6 and 12 Months of Age: Highlighting the Importance of Developing Specific Recommendations to Prevent Overfeeding
Authors: Dharod Jigna M. , McElhenny Kristen S. , DeJesus Jasmine M.
Published: September 2023

We examined differences in mean daily calorie intake and rapid weight gain risk among 6- to 12-month-old infants by milk feeding status: breastmilk only, breastmilk and formula (combined), or formula only. Another objective was to determine what frequency and amount of formula fed were associated with overfeeding among infants. Mother–infant dyads (n = 240) were recruited from a pediatric clinic mainly serving Medicaid recipients. At 6, 9, and 12 months of infants’ age, 24 h feeding recalls were conducted using the multiple-pass method. Infant weight measurements were accessed from clinic records to estimate rapid weight gain between 6 and 12 months. Among the participants, 82% received WIC. More than half of the participants were either African American or Latino by race/ethnicity. Calorie intake among formula-only fed infants was higher than in the other two milk feeding groups. One-fourth of the infants were experiencing rapid weight gain, and the risk was 3-fold higher among formula-only fed infants. Exceeding daily calorie requirements or overfeeding was associated with both formula amount and the frequency of feeding (p < 0.01). Specific guidelines and education on formula feeding practices are critical to prevent accelerated growth among infants. Gaining further understanding on parenting style and formula feeding practices is also warranted.
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Overweight or Obesity in Chinese Adults: Chinese Food Consumption Survey 2017–2020
Authors: Pan Feng , Zhang Tongwei , Mao Weifeng , Zhao Fanglei , Luan Dechun , Li Jianwen
Published: September 2023

Overweight and obesity have increased rapidly in the past few decades in China, and less research has focused on the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and overweight or obesity in Chinese adults. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of UPF consumption with the risk of overweight or obesity in Chinese adults. Residents aged 18 years and above who participated in the nationally representative survey Chinese Food Consumption Survey in 2017–2020 were included in this study. Dietary intake data were collected via non-consecutive three-day 24 h dietary recalls and weighing household foods and condiments. According to the NOVA food classification system, UPFs were classified depending on the purpose and extent of food processing. Multiple logistic regression and multivariate-adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions were performed to estimate the association between UPF consumption (categorized into quartiles: quartile 1 (Q1), quartile 2 (Q2), quartile 3 (Q3), and quartile 4 (Q4)) and risk of overweight or obesity. A total of 38,658 adults aged 18 years and above participated in the present study. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults was 33.0% (95% CI: 32.91–33.10) and 9.6% (95% CI 9.55–9.67), respectively. After a multivariable adjustment, the risk of overweight or obesity was increased by 10% in Q3 (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.17) compared to Q1 as a reference. Women (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.20) and adults living in small and medium-sized cities (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01–1.26) with higher UPF consumption had higher odds of overweight or obesity. Nevertheless, the effect of higher UPF consumption on the risk of overweight or obesity was relatively weak for overall adults in China. The top three categories of subgroups consumption of UPFs were 1: sugar-sweetened beverages; 2: sauces, cheeses, spreads, and gravies; and 3: ultra-processed breads and breakfast cereals. These findings provide evidence that higher UPF consumption was positively associated with overweight or obesity, which was defined based on Chinese criteria among women and adults living in small and medium-sized cities in China. Further studies, such as intervention trials, are needed to identify the mechanism of correlation between the consumption of UPFs and health-related outcomes in Chinese adults. From a public health perspective, with the prevalence of overweight and obesity growing and the increase in UPF consumption in Chinese adults, it is necessary to promote healthy food intake and a balanced diet through active nutritional education actions for overweight and obesity prevention and control.
Effects of Maternal Stress on Breast Milk Production and the Microbiota of Very Premature Infants
Authors: Fernández-Tuñas María del Carmen , Pérez-Muñuzuri Alejandro , Trastoy-Pena Rocío , Pérez del Molino María Luisa , Couce María L.
Published: September 2023

Perinatal stress experienced by mothers of very premature newborns may influence the mother’s milk and the infant’s intestinal microbiota. This prospective study of mothers of very preterm infants fed with mother’s own milk (MOM) was carried out in a tertiary hospital over a 2-year period. The assessment of maternal stress in 45 mothers of 52 very preterm newborns using the parental stress scale (PSS:NICU) revealed an inverse relationship between stress and MOM production in the first days of life (p = 0.012). The greatest contributor to stress was the one related to the establishment of a mother–child bond. Maternal stress was lower in mothers in whom the kangaroo method was established early (p = 0.011) and in those with a higher educational level (p = 0.032). Levels of fecal calprotectin (FC) decreased with the passage of days and were directly correlated with birthweight (p = 0.044). FC levels 7 days post-delivery were lower in newborns that received postnatal antibiotics (p = 0.027). High levels of maternal stress resulted in progressive decreases and increases in the proportions of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria species, respectively, over 15 days post-delivery, both in MOM and in fecal samples from premature newborns. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing and appropriately managing maternal stress in neonatal units, given its marked influence on both the microbiota of maternal milk and the intestinal microbiota of premature newborns.
Discounting of Hyper-Palatable Food and Money: Associations with Food Addiction Symptoms
Authors: Bellitti Joseph S. , Fazzino Tera L.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Delay discounting (DD), the tendency to prefer small, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards, is associated with health-risk behaviors. The study examined associations between DD for money and hyper-palatable foods (HPF) with food addiction (FA) symptoms among a general population sample. Methods: Participants (N = 296) completed an adjusting DD task that consisted of a single-commodity condition with HPF as the reward (HPF now vs. HPF later) and cross-commodity conditions comparing money and HPF (money now vs. HPF later; HPF now vs. money later). The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 was used to assess FA symptoms. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models tested whether discounting of HPF and money was associated with FA symptoms. Results: Findings indicated there were no significant associations between DD and FA symptoms in the single-commodity HPF condition (logit: OR = 1.02, p-value = 0.650; count: IRR = 1.04, p-value = 0.515). There were no significant associations among cross-commodity conditions comparing money now vs. HPF later (logit: OR = 0.96, p-value = 0.330; count: IRR = 1.02, p-value = 0.729) or conditions comparing HPF now vs. money later (logit: OR = 1.02, p-value = 0.682; count: IRR = 0.92, p-value = 0.128) and FA symptoms. Conclusions: Discounting HPF may not be a key behavioral feature among individuals who endorse FA symptoms.
Prostate Cancer Severity in Relation to Level of Food Processing
Authors: Sciacca Salvatore , Lo Giudice Arturo , Asmundo Maria Giovanna , Cimino Sebastiano , Alshatwi Ali A. , Morgia Giuseppe , Ferro Matteo , Russo Giorgio Ivan
Published: September 2023

Background: The level of food processing has gained interest as a potential determinant of human health. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the level of food processing and prostate cancer severity. Methods: A sample of 120 consecutive patients were examined for the following: their dietary habits, assessed through validated food frequency questionnaires; their dietary intake of food groups, categorized according to the NOVA classification; and their severity of prostate cancer, categorized into risk groups according to European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to test the association between the variables of interest. Results: Individuals reporting a higher consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed foods were less likely to have greater prostate cancer severity than those who consumed less of them in the energy-adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–0.84, p = 0.017 and OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12–0.91, p = 0.032 for medium/high vs. low grade and high vs. medium/low grade prostate cancers, respectively); however, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, the association was not significant anymore. A borderline association was also found between a higher consumption of ultra-processed foods and greater prostate cancer severity in the energy-adjusted model (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 0.998–4.44; p = 0.051), but again the association was not significant anymore after adjusting for the other covariates. Conclusions: The level of food processing seems not to be independently associated with prostate cancer severity, while potentially related to other factors that need further investigation.
The First 1000 Days of Life: How Changes in the Microbiota Can Influence Food Allergy Onset in Children
Authors: Notarbartolo Veronica , Carta Maurizio , Accomando Salvatore , Giuffrè Mario
Published: September 2023

Background: Allergic disease, including food allergies (FA)s, has been identified as a major global disease. The first 1000 days of life can be a “window of opportunity” or a “window of susceptibility”, during which several factors can predispose children to FA development. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota from pregnancy to infancy may play a pivotal role in this regard: some bacterial genera, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, seem to be protective against FA development. On the contrary, Clostridium and Staphylococcus appear to be unprotective. Methods: We conducted research on the most recent literature (2013–2023) using the PubMed and Scopus databases. We included original papers, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and reviews in English. Case reports, series, and letters were excluded. Results: During pregnancy, the maternal diet can play a fundamental role in influencing the gut microbiota composition of newborns. After birth, human milk can promote the development of protective microbial species via human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which play a prebiotic role. Moreover, complementary feeding can modify the gut microbiota’s composition. Conclusions: The first two years of life are a critical period, during which several factors can increase the risk of FA development in genetically predisposed children.
Optimization of Se- and Zn-Enriched Mycelium of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler as a Dietary Supplement with Immunostimulatory Activity
Authors: Kałucka Małgorzata , Roszczyk Aleksander , Klimaszewska Marzenna , Kaleta Beata , Drelich Ewelina , Błażewicz Anna , Górska-Jakubowska Sandra , Malinowska Eliza , Król Marek , Prus Aleksandra Maria , Trześniowska Katarzyna , Wołczyńska Aleksandra , Dorożyński Przemysław , Zagożdżon Radosław , Turło Jadwiga
Published: September 2023

Mycelial cultures of Lentinula edodes, an edible and medicinal mushroom, have been used in our previous research to obtain selenium-containing immunomodulatory preparations. Our current attempts to obtain a new preparation containing both selenium and zinc, two micronutrients necessary for the functioning of the immune system, extended our interest in the simultaneous accumulation of these elements by mycelia growing in media enriched with selenite and zinc(II) ions. Subsequently, we have studied the effects of new L. edodes mycelium water extracts with different concentrations of selenium and zinc on the activation of T cell fraction in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometry analysis was used to measure the expression of activation markers on human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies (Abs). It was demonstrated that statistically significant changes were observed for PD-1 and CD25 antigens on CD8+ T cells. The selenium and zinc content in the examined preparations modified the immunomodulatory activity of mycelial polysaccharides; however, the mechanisms of action of various active ingredients in the mycelial extracts seem to be different.
Conducting 24-Hour Dietary Recalls in Group Settings with Adults Having Low-Income: Perspectives of EFNEP Peer Educators
Authors: Franck Karen , Puglisi Michael , Roe Annie J. , Baker Susan , Henson Teresa , Earnesty Dawn , Sankavaram Kavitha
Published: September 2023

The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) is a federally funded program that teaches nutrition education to adults and youth with low-income. EFNEP is funded throughout the United States including federal territories. The purpose of EFNEP is to provide nutrition education. Evaluation for adult programs includes pre/post surveys and pre/post 24-h diet recalls (24HDR). A validated standard of dietary measures, 24HDR are useful when collected as designed: one-on-one by a trained professional. In EFNEP, 24HDR are collected in group settings by EFNEP peer educators who often have not received a college degree or any formal education in nutrition. The purpose of this study was to explore attitudes and behaviors of EFNEP peer educators regarding how they collect diet recalls in a group setting, their perceptions of how adult participants feel about the recalls, and the benefits and challenges of using recalls. Online interviews were conducted with EFNEP peer educators across the U.S. Peer educators recognized the importance of collecting the recall data but identified several challenges such as time, resources, and participant reluctance to complete the recall. Program evaluation through methods like the 24HDR is important to measure outcomes and inform program improvements but also needs to include how evaluation can benefit participants and minimize data collection burden. Future research needs to examine the validity of collecting recalls in a group setting compared to other measures of diet quality.
The Effects of Prolonged Basic Amino Acid Exposures on Mitochondrial Enzyme Gene Expressions, Metabolic Profiling and Insulin Secretions and Syntheses in Rat INS-1 β-Cells
Authors: Xu Lianbin , Cheng Fengqi , Bu Dengpan , Li Xiuli
Published: September 2023

In order to investigate the chronic effects of basic amino acids (BAA) on β-cell metabolism and insulin secretion, INS-1 β-cells were randomly assigned to cultures in standard medium (Con), standard medium plus 10 mM L-Arginine (Arg), standard medium plus 10 mM L-Histidine (His) or standard medium plus 10 mM L-Lysine (Lys) for 24 h. Results showed that insulin secretion was decreased by the Arg treatment but was increased by the His treatment relative to the Con group (p < 0.05). Higher BAA concentrations reduced the high glucose-stimulated insulin secretions (p < 0.001), but only Lys treatment increased the intracellular insulin content than that in the Con group (p < 0.05). Compared with Arg and Lys, the His treatment increased the mitochondrial key enzyme gene expressions including Cs, mt-Atp6, mt-Nd4l and Ogdh, and caused a greater change in the metabolites profiling (p < 0.05). The most significant pathways affected by Arg, His and Lys were arginine and proline metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and pyrimidine metabolism, respectively. Regression analysis screened 7 genes and 9 metabolites associated with insulin releases during BAA stimulations (p < 0.05). Together, different BAAs exerted dissimilar effects on β-cell metabolism and insulin outputs.
Influence of Body Composition and Specific Anthropometric Parameters on SIBO Type
Authors: Wielgosz-Grochowska Justyna Paulina , Domanski Nicole , Drywień Małgorzata Ewa
Published: September 2023

Recent observations have shown that Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)affects the host through various mechanisms. While both weight loss and obesity have been reported in the SIBO population due to alterations in the gut microbiome, very little is known about the influence of SIBO type on body composition. This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a link between the three types of SIBO: methane dominant (M+), hydrogen dominant (H+), and methane–hydrogen dominant (H+/M+) and specific anthropometric parameters. This observational study included 67 participants (W = 53, M = 14) with gastrointestinal symptoms and SIBO confirmed by lactulose hydrogen–methane breath tests (LHMBTs) using the QuinTron device. Participants underwent a body composition assessment by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) using the InBody Analyzer. In the H+/M+ group, body weight (p = 0.010), BMI (p = 0.001), body fat in kg (p = 0.009), body fat in % (p = 0.040), visceral fat (p = 0.002), and mineral bone content (p = 0.049) showed an inverse correlation with hydrogen (H2) gas production. These findings suggest that body weight, BMI, body fat, and mineral bone content may be inversely linked to the production of hydrogen and the risk of hydrogen–methane SIBO.
Nutritional Composition and Anti-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Potential of Femur Bone Extracts from Bovine, Chicken, Sheep, and Goat: Phytochemical and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Algehainy Naseh A. , Mohamed Esraa M. , Aly Hanan F. , Younis Eman A. , Altemani Faisal H. , Alanazi Mohammad A. , Bringmann Gerhard , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Elmaidomy Abeer H.
Published: September 2023

Nutritional deficits in one’s diet have been established as the key risk factor for T2DM in recent years. Nutritional therapy has been demonstrated to be useful in treating T2DM. The current study was carried out to assess the nutritional composition of bovine (12 months), chicken (4 months), sheep (13 months), and goat (9 months) femur bone extracts, as well as their potential therapeutic effects on T2DM regression in a Wistar albino rat model (500 mg/kg b.wt.). The proximate composition of the different extracts, their fatty acid composition, their amino acids, and their mineral contents were identified. In vivo data indicated considerably improved T2DM rats, as seen by lower serum levels of TL, TG, TC, ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, IL-6, TNF-α, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and MDA. Low levels of HDL-C, GSH, and total proteins were restored during this study. Histological investigations of liver and pancreatic tissue revealed that the distribution of collagen fibers was nearly normal. The bovine extract, on the other hand, was the most active, followed by the sheep, goat, and finally chicken extract. This research could result in the creation of a simple, noninvasive, low-cost, and reliable method for T2DM control, paving the way for potential early therapeutic applications in T2DM control.
Protective Effect of Peptide Calcium Channel Blocker Omega-Hexatoxin-Hv1a on Epithelial Cell during Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Iurova Elena , Rastorgueva Eugenia , Beloborodov Evgenii , Pogodina Evgeniya , Fomin Aleksandr , Sugak Dmitrii , Viktorov Denis , Tumozov Ivan , Saenko Yury
Published: September 2023

Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common phenomenon that develops both from natural causes and during major operations. Many intracellular processes mediated by calcium ions are involved in the development of IRI. Currently, chemical calcium channel blockers are used but they have a number of limitations. In this article, we study the effect of the omega-hexatoxin-Hv1a peptide toxin, an alternative to chemical calcium channel blockers, on the mechanisms of IRI development in epithelial cell culture. The toxin was produced using solid phase peptide synthesis. IRI was caused by deprivation of glucose, serum and oxygen. The data obtained demonstrate that the omega-hexatoxin-Hv1a toxin in nanomolar concentrations is able to prevent the development of apoptosis and necrosis in epithelial cells by reducing the concentration of calcium, sodium and potassium ions, as well as by delaying rapid normalization of the pH level, affecting the mitochondrial potential and oxidative stress. This toxin can be used as an alternative to chemical calcium channel blockers for preventing tissue and organ IRI due to its low-dose requirement and high bioavailability.
Application of Photodynamic Therapy in Pediatric Dentistry: Literature Review
Authors: Silva Tamiris , Lunardi Ana , Barros Ana , Mandetta Amanda , Grudzien Elizabeth , San-Martín Magdalena , Horliana Anna , Bussadori Sandra , Motta Lara
Published: September 2023

Microbiological control of dental pathologies presents a significant clinical challenge for dental surgeons, particularly considering drug-resistant microorganisms. To address this issue, Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective and complementary technique for microbial reduction. This therapy involves the application of a photosensitizer dye (PS) either topically or systemically, followed by exposure to low-power lasers with appropriate visible light wavelengths. PDT has found a valuable place in dentistry across various specialties, including surgery, periodontics, endodontics, dentistry, implantology, orthodontics, and pediatrics. In the realm of pediatric dentistry, managing microorganisms during dental treatments has become a major challenge. Considering its promising results and ease of application, Photodynamic Therapy presents an interesting alternative for clinical practice. However, it is important to note that specific protocols must be followed for each application, encompassing the type of photosensitizer, concentration, pre-irradiation time, light type, wavelength, energy, power, and mode of light delivery. Researchers have been steadily refining these protocols to facilitate PDT’s integration into clinical practice. The objective of this review is to describe in which procedures and oral health problems in children PDT can be applied. In this sense, we list what the literature brings about the possibilities of applying PDT in a pediatric dentistry clinic.
Public Justification, Evaluative Standards, and Different Perspectives in the Attribution of Disability
Authors: Baccarini Elvio , Lekić Barunčić Kristina
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a novel method for identifying the public evaluative standards that contribute to the classification of certain conditions as mental disabilities. Public evaluative standards could contribute to ascertaining disabilities by outlining characteristics whose presence beyond a threshold is fundamentally important for the life of a person and whose absence or reduced occurrence constitutes a disability. Additionally, they can participate in determining disabilities by delineating particularly grave difficulties, impairments, or incapacities. Our method relies on a model of public justification of evaluative standards that is inspired by Gerald Gaus’s theory of public reason. Thus, our approach recommends the justification of evaluative standards through sound deliberative routes from reasons accessible to all persons who participate in the process of justification and the convergence of what is justified in this way to each of them. We deem that disabilities could be caused both by problems in the internal characteristics of a person as well as by unfairness or a lack of hospitality in external circumstances. This is why the method of justification is applied to the assessment of those circumstances as well. If social or environmental circumstances cannot be justified through the convergence of reasons accessible to all persons involved in the process of justification, we have reasons to exclude the presence of a disability and ascertain the presence of inadequate external conditions.
Spectral and Cathodoluminescence Decay Characteristics of the Ba1−xCexF2+x (x = 0.3–0.4) Solid Solution Synthesized by Precipitation from Aqueous Solutions and Fusion
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Yasyrkina Darya S. , Valiev Damir T. , Stepanov Sergey A. , Alexandrov Alexander A. , Batygov Sergey Kh. , Voronov Valeriy V. , Konyushkin Vasilii A. , Nakladov Andrey N. , Ermakova Julia A. , Fedorov Pavel P.
Published: September 2023

Single-phase samples of the Ba1−xCexF2+x solid solution (x = 0.3–0.4) were synthesized by directional crystallization in the form of single crystals and by co-precipitation from aqueous nitrate solutions using potassium fluoride as a fluorinating agent in the form of nanopowders. The cathodoluminescence of the pressed powder samples was studied in comparison with the BaF2: Ce single crystals in 250–460 nm (2.7–5 eV) spectral range upon excitation by an electron accelerator. The cathodoluminescence spectra of the samples revealed a wide band in the range of 3.0–4.0 eV, which consists of two typical components of Ce3+ with decay time 23 ns in the case of single crystals and three decay times 27 ns, 140–170 ns, and ~600 ns in the case of pressed powders. The decay time of the short-wavelength component (27 ns) in the case of pressed powders is close to the lifetime of the excited state of the Ce3+ ion. The developed X-ray phosphors can be applied for embedding in diamonds for diamond–nanoparticle composite preparation.
Plant and Disease Recognition Based on PMF Pipeline Domain Adaptation Method: Using Bark Images as Meta-Dataset
Authors: Cui Zhelin , Li Kanglong , Kang Chunyan , Wu Yi , Li Tao , Li Mingyang
Published: September 2023

Efficient image recognition is important in crop and forest management. However, it faces many challenges, such as the large number of plant species and diseases, the variability of plant appearance, and the scarcity of labeled data for training. To address this issue, we modified a SOTA Cross-Domain Few-shot Learning (CDFSL) method based on prototypical networks and attention mechanisms. We employed attention mechanisms to perform feature extraction and prototype generation by focusing on the most relevant parts of the images, then used prototypical networks to learn the prototype of each category and classify new instances. Finally, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the modified CDFSL method on several plant and disease recognition datasets. The results showed that the modified pipeline was able to recognize several cross-domain datasets using generic representations, and achieved up to 96.95% and 94.07% classification accuracy on datasets with the same and different domains, respectively. In addition, we visualized the experimental results, demonstrating the model’s stable transfer capability between datasets and the model’s high visual correlation with plant and disease biological characteristics. Moreover, by extending the classes of different semantics within the training dataset, our model can be generalized to other domains, which implies broad applicability.
The First Virome of a Russian Vineyard
Authors: Vinogradova Svetlana , Porotikova Elena , Navrotskaya Emiliya , Galbacs Zsuzsanna Nagyne , Massart Sébastien , Varallyay Eva
Published: September 2023

Among other pathogens, more than 80 viruses infect grapevine. The aim of this work was to study the virome diversity of grapevine viruses and mycoviruses of a vineyard using high-throughput sequencing technologies. The grapevine virome was studied in symptomatic vines of the Rkatsiteli cultivar (V. vinifera) collected at the vineyards of the Krasnodar Krai in Russia. Ribosomal-depleted total RNA and isolated small RNAs were used for library preparation and high-throughput sequencing. Six grapevine-infecting viruses and two viroids were validated by RT-PCR and analyzed phylogenetically. We identified the presence of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, grapevine Pinot gris virus, grapevine virus T, grapevine rupestris stem-pitting-associated virus, grapevine fleck virus, and grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus, as well as two viroids, grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 and hop stunt viroid. We also studied the mycovirome of the vineyard and identified nine viruses with single-stranded positive-sense RNA genomes: alternaria arborescens mitovirus 1, botrytis cinerea mitovirus 1, botrytis cinerea mitovirus 2, botrytis cinerea mitovirus 3, botrytis cinerea mitovirus 4, sclerotinia sclerotiorum mitovirus 3, botrytis cinerea hypovirus 1, grapevine-associated narnavirus 1, and botrytis virus F. In addition, we identified botrytis cinerea hypovirus 1 satellite-like RNA and two single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses. This is the first study of grapevine mycoviruses in Russia. The obtained result will contribute to the development of biocontrol strategies in the future.
Evaluation of Different Combinations of Ornamental Perennials for Sustainable Management in Urban Greening
Authors: Pomatto Enrico , Larcher Federica , Caser Matteo , Gaino Walter , Devecchi Marco
Published: September 2023

Ornamental perennial plants play a strategic role in reducing green areas’ management costs, keeping the ground, sparing water, and avoiding weeds. The aim of this research is to evaluate the growing performances of seven combinations of six different ornamental perennial herbaceous species and their role in weed containment under low-maintenance conditions. The experiment was performed for three years (2019–2021) in an open field. The selected species were Hemerocallis “Stella de Oro” (A), Phedimus spurius (M.Bieb.) “t Hart ‘John Creech” (B), Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (C), Phlox subulata L. “Trot Pink” (D), Potentilla neumanniana Rchb. (E), and Gaillardia “Kobold” (F). Four replicates for each combination were tested (28 plots, 4 m2 each): AB, CD, EF, AB + CD, AB + EF, CD + EF; AB + CD + EF. No watering or fertilization was performed during the cultivation period. Each year, from April to November, three manual weeding activities were performed and the dry weights of the weeds’ aerial parts were measured. The ground cover performance was evaluated through digital image analysis using the mobile device application Canopeo. Dry aerial perennial biomass variations between the end and beginning of the experiment were calculated. As a result, CD showed the best performance for weed containment (0.5 g m−2 weed dry weight in the third year), ground cover (63.1% and 64.3% of plot coverages during the second and third years, respectively), and producing ornamental biomass (4316.8 g m−2). The highest total dry amount of harvested weeds was shown by AB + CD + EF (1114.6 g m−2), demonstrating that combinations with a higher number of species were less efficient in avoiding weeds. The research allowed us to identify the best combinations to always keep the soil covered and to improve the ornamental and environmental values of urban green spaces under low-maintenance regimes.
Conservation and Global Distribution of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Germplasm for Agricultural Sustainability
Authors: Ochar Kingsley , Kim Seong-Hoon
Published: September 2023

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is recognized globally as a crucial vegetable crop, prized not only for its culinary applications but also for its numerous health-promoting properties. With climate change relentlessly exerting mounting challenges to agriculture, the preservation and deployment of onion germplasm has become critical to ensuring sustainable agriculture and safeguarding food security. Global onion germplasm collections function as repositories of genetic diversity, holding within them an extensive array of valuable traits or genes. These can be harnessed to develop varieties resilient to climate adversities. Therefore, detailed information concerning onion germplasm collections from various geographical regions can bolster their utility. Furthermore, an amplified understanding of the importance of fostering international and inter-institutional collaborations becomes essential. Sharing and making use of onion genetic resources can provide viable solutions to the looming agricultural challenges of the future. In this review, we have discussed the preservation and worldwide distribution of onion germplasm, along with its implications for agricultural sustainability. We have also underscored the importance of international and interinstitutional collaboration in onion germplasm collecting and conservation for agricultural sustainability.
Study of the Chemical Composition of Rosa beggeriana Schrenk’s Fruits and Leaves
Authors: Aituarova Aigerim , Zhusupova Galiya E. , Zhussupova Aizhan , Ross Samir A.
Published: September 2023

Rosa species are widely used in folk medicine in different countries of Asia and Europe, but not all species are studied in-depth. For instance, Rosa beggeriana Schrenk, a plant which grows in Central Asia, Iran, and some parts of China, is little described in articles. Column and thin-layer chromatography methods were used to isolate biologically active substances. From a study of fruits and leaves of Rosa beggeriana Schrenk, a large number of compounds were identified, seven of which were isolated: 3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene (1), β-sitosterol (2), betulin (3), (+)-catechin (4), lupeol (5), ethyl linoleate (6), and ethyl linolenoate (7). Their structures were elucidated by 1H, DEPT and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The study also identified the structures of organic compounds, including volatile esters and acids. Consequently, comprehensive data were acquired concerning the chemical constitution of said botanical specimen.
Beyond NPK: Mineral Nutrient-Mediated Modulation in Orchestrating Flowering Time
Authors: Jun Sang Eun , Shim Jae Sun , Park Hee Jin
Published: September 2023

Flowering time in plants is a complex process regulated by environmental conditions such as photoperiod and temperature, as well as nutrient conditions. While the impact of major nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on flowering time has been well recognized, the significance of micronutrient imbalances and their deficiencies should not be neglected because they affect the floral transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. The secondary major nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and sulfur participate in various aspects of flowering. Micronutrients such as boron, zinc, iron, and copper play crucial roles in enzymatic reactions and hormone biosynthesis, affecting flower development and reproduction as well. The current review comprehensively explores the interplay between microelements and flowering time, and summarizes the underlying mechanism in plants. Consequently, a better understanding of the interplay between microelements and flowering time will provide clues to reveal the roles of microelements in regulating flowering time and to improve crop reproduction in plant industries.
Study of Atmospheric Plasma-Based Mass Separation System for High-Level Radioactive Waste Treatment
Authors: Abu Darda Sharif , Gabbar Hossam A.
Published: September 2023

Solid spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power plants contains 3.4% fission products (80–160 amu), contributing to a radioactivity level of over 99.8%. On the other hand, liquid high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) from spent fuel reprocessing is composed of 98.9% bulk elements (0–60 amu) with 0.1% radioactivity. A separation mechanism for the mass categories into groups presents unique opportunities for managing HLRW in the long term with a considerable cost reduction. This paper proposes a thermal plasma-based separation system incorporating atmospheric-pressure plasma torches for HLRW mass separation into low-resolution mass groups. Several engineering issues must be addressed, such as waste preparation, waste injection into the plasma, and waste collecting after mass separation. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, the generic system can be studied using noble gas mass separation, and the mass filter capabilities can be further analyzed. This paper provides the history of plasma-based mass separation. The functional modelling of a thermal plasma mass separation system is proposed under atmospheric pressure. Finally, aspects of mass separation simulation using the noble gases argon and helium inside the plasma mass separation system are studied via COMSOL Multiphysics.
Modeling the Ultrasonic Micro-Injection Molding Process Using the Buckingham Pi Theorem
Authors: Salazar-Meza Marco , Martínez-Romero Oscar , Reséndiz-Hernández José Emiliano , Olvera-Trejo Daniel , Estrada-Díaz Jorge Alfredo , Ramírez-Herrera Claudia Angélica , Elías-Zúñiga Alex
Published: September 2023

Dimensional analysis through the Buckingham Pi theorem was confirmed as an efficient mathematical tool to model the otherwise non-linear high order ultrasonic micro-injection molding process (UMIM). Several combinations of processing conditions were evaluated to obtain experimental measurements and validate the derived equations. UMIM processing parameters, output variable energy consumption, and final specimen’s Young modulus were arranged in dimensionless groups and formulated as functional relationships, which lead to dimensionless equations that predict output variables as a function of the user-specified processing parameters and known material properties.