bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination and Comparison of Cognitive and Executive Functions in Clinically Stable Schizophrenia Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Afshari Behrooz , Shiri Nasrin , Ghoreishi Fatemeh Sadat , Valianpour Mohtasham
Published: December 2020

Background. Schizophrenia (SC), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with various cognitive and executive dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare cognitive and executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Materials and Methods. Sixty-four schizophrenia patients, 68 bipolar patients, 62 patients with major depressive disorder, and 75 healthy individuals participated in the present study. All participants were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Trial Making Test (TMT), Four-Choice Reaction Time Task, Ruler Drop Method (RDM), Tower of London (TOL) task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). Data were analyzed by chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and independent

t

-tests; ANOVA; and MANOVA. Results. In the cognitive function, the scores of SC, BD, and MDD patients were lower than those of healthy individuals. Also, the scores of MDD patients were lower than those of other patients, and the scores of BD patients were lower than those of SC patients. In the executive function, the scores of SC, BD, and MDD patients were lower than those of healthy individuals. Moreover, the scores of the MDD group were higher than those of the BD and SC groups, and the scores of the SC group were higher than those of the BD group. Conclusion. Patients with SC, BD, and MDD have poorer cognitive and executive functions than healthy individuals, even when these patients are in a stable state. Assessment of cognitive and executive functions in SC, BD, and MDD patients can help in understanding the pathology of these disorders.
Rebound Hammer Test: An Investigation into Its Reliability in Applications on Concrete Structures
Authors: Brencich Antonio , Bovolenta Rossella , Ghiggi Valeria , Pera Davide , Redaelli Paolo
Published: December 2020

The issue of concrete strength often arises in civil engineering practice, either due to quality control of new constructions or due to the assessment of existing structures. To this aim, one of the most widely spread techniques is the rebound hammer (Schmidt hammer) test, for which calibration is still related to the original Schmidt curve dating back to the early 50’s. In spite of the large amount of research work performed in the last decades, the uncertainties of the rebound test are still not clearly quantified and open to further insight. This paper presents and discusses a wide research campaign on laboratory specimens and on third‐party specimens delivered to the Laboratory for Building Materials of the University of Genoa, Italy, for standard quality controls. While it is well known that moisture content, surface finishing, and concrete maturity strongly affect the test result, the effect of the stress state has not yet been studied and is found in this research to be a further parameter affecting the test reliability. The final outcome of all the uncertainties is variability in estimated concrete strength as large as ±70%; additionally, some issues are discussed on the intrinsic uncertainty of this test. As already demonstrated by many authors, the results of this research also show that a universal calibration curve to be used for any concrete, in any condition, conceptually does not exist.
Familial Mediterranean Fever with Neonatal Onset: Case Report
Authors: Arslan Kübra , Sarici Serdar Ümit , Kolukisa Gonca , Altun Demet
Published: December 2020

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by recurrent fever and attacks of abdominal pain, chest pain, and joint pain. Attacks of recurrent fever and serositis are encountered clinically. Attacks may present either with only one symptom or many simultaneous symptoms. Although most of the patients are diagnosed clinically above the age of 2, those cases who are diagnosed before 2 years of age and with clinical course of isolated fever are believed to have a more serious course and tend to develop amyloidosis. In this article, a case who was admitted first on the 22nd day of life and later diagnosed to have FMF with recurrent attacks of isolated fever and no other focus is presented. We emphasize that FMF may present as early as in the first month of life, and it should be considered in cases presenting with fever of unknown origin and misdiagnosed to have late neonatal sepsis or occult bacteremia at this age group.
Hyers–Ulam Stability of Additive Functional Equation Using Direct and Fixed-Point Methods
Authors: Tamilvanan K. , Balasubramanian G. , Alessa Nazek , Loganathan K.
Published: December 2020

In this present work, we obtain the solution of the generalized additive functional equation and also establish Hyers–Ulam stability results by using alternative fixed point for a generalized additive functional equation

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. where

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is a nonnegative integer with

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in Banach spaces.
Experimental Study on Dynamic Compression Characteristics of Red Sandstone under Wetting‐Drying Cycles
Authors: Du Bin , Bai Haibo , Zhai Minglei , He Shixin
Published: December 2020

To study the influence of wetting‐drying cycles on dynamic mechanical properties of rock masses, the impact compression tests of red sandstone samples were carried out by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus with a diameter of 50 mm. The results showed that under the same number of wetting‐drying cycles, the dynamic compressive strength of red sandstone increased exponentially with the strain rate, and the sensitivity of the strain rate decreased with the increase of wetting‐drying cycles. The deterioration effect of wetting‐drying cycles was significant, and the dynamic and static compressive strength decreased with the increase of wetting‐drying cycles; the higher the strain rate, the stronger the sensitivity to wetting‐drying cycles. Besides, the influence of wetting‐drying cycles and strain rate was comprehensively studied, and the equation of dynamic compressive strength of red sandstone was obtained. After different wetting‐drying cycles, the fractal characteristics of red sandstone dynamic fragmentation were obvious, and the fractal dimension was 2.02–2.80, and the fractal dimension increased logarithmically with the strain rate. Finally, the internal microstructure of red sandstone after different wetting‐drying cycles was analyzed, and the degradation mechanism of the rock by the cycles was discussed.
Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trends in the Daily Precipitation Concentration across the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin: Eastern Himalaya of China
Authors: Zhu Mengtao , Li Meng , Liu Chunyu , Wang Yinfei , Li Jiqiu , Li Yungang
Published: December 2020

Understanding the temporal inequality in precipitation is of great importance for water resource management, environmental risk management, and ecological conservation. This study investigated the spatial patterns and trends of the daily precipitation concentration over the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin using the concentration index (CI) and the Lorentz asymmetric coefficient (LAC). A Mann–Kendall test and Hurst’s rescaled range analysis were used to detect the change in CI trends. The CI ranged from 0.58 to 0.65, suggesting that a quarter of the rainiest days contributed approximately 69–78% of the total precipitation. The LAC analysis indicated that the nonuniform distribution of precipitation was mainly attributed to a large proportion of days with light rainfall. Compared with that of the central region, the daily precipitation in the western and eastern regions was more irregular. At a seasonal scale, the dry season had a less homogeneous spatial distribution of CI compared to that of the wet season. Most areas exhibited no significant trends in CI from 1970 to 2017. A quarter of the stations presented a significant downward trend in CI, which were primarily found in the central and northern regions. In addition, the future trends of CI in most areas mostly agree with those of the current state; however, the majority of stations exhibited an uneven precipitation distribution in the dry season.
Serum Clusterin: A Potential Marker for Assessing the Clinical Severity and Short-Term Prognosis of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Liu Huimin , Li Yuxin , Gao Fangyuan , Meng Peipei , Yu Hao , Wu Tong , Zhou Yang , Jiang Yuyong , Wang Xianbo
Published: December 2020

Background. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute deterioration of liver function and high short-term mortality. Clusterin, with biological functions similar to small heat shock proteins, can protect cells from apoptosis induced by various stressors. The aim of this study was to detect the level of serum clusterin in hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) related ACLF and to assess the predictive value of clusterin for the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF. Methods. We detected serum clusterin by ELISA in 108 HBV-ACLF patients, 63 HBV-non-ACLF patients, and 44 normal controls. Results. Serum clusterin was markedly lower in HBV-ACLF patients (median, 51.09 μg/mL) than in HBV-non-ACLF patients (median, 188.56 μg/mL) and normal controls (median, 213.45 μg/mL; allP<0.05). Nonsurviving HBV-ACLF patients who died within 90 days had much lower clusterin levels than did surviving patients, especially those who died within 28 days (nonsurvival group vs. survival group:39.82±19.34vs.72.26±43.52,P<0.001; survivaltime≤28vs. survivaltime>28: median 28.39 vs. 43.22,P=0.013). The results showed that for identifying HBV-ACLF, the sensitivity of clusterin (93.7%) was similar to the sensitivities of the international normalized ratio (INR; 94.4%) and total bilirubin (TBIL; 94.8%), but its specificity (90.7%) was higher than that of prothrombin activity (PTA; 65.8%) and TBIL (69.8%) and was similar to INR (88.9%). As the concentration of clusterin increased, the mortality of HBV-ACLF patients decreased significantly from 59.3% to 7.0%. Clusterin had better ability for predicting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients than did the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and the chronic liver failure consortium (CLIF-C) ACLF score (MELD vs. clusterin:P=0.012; CLIF-C ACLF vs. clusterin:P=0.031). Conclusion. Serum clusterin is a potential biomarker for HBV-ACLF which can be used to assess clinical severity and the short-term prognosis of patients with this disease and may help clinicians identify HBV-ACLF with greater specificity and improved prognostic accuracy than existing prognostic markers.
Correction of Gingival Architecture Using the Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique in Two Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Casula Luca , Gillone Alex , Musu Davide
Published: December 2020

Two female patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus and receiving antiretroviral treatment presented with esthetic concerns due to fixed dental prostheses in the anterior region. The patients had gingival recession and short clinical crowns in the esthetic zone. In both cases, the biologically oriented preparation technique was used to recreate ideal proportions between the teeth and gingivae. Since patients with human immunodeficiency virus experience a progressive deterioration of their immune systems and other significant comorbidities, a reduction in the number of traumatic clinical procedures is recommended. The use of this minimally invasive prosthetic protocol has not been previously reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. These cases demonstrate how short clinical crowns and gingival recession in the esthetic zone can be successfully treated with the biologically oriented preparation technique to avoid surgical procedures in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.
The Establishment of Segmented Constitutive Relationship of Coal under Triaxial Compression: Take the No. 3 Coal of Xinhe Colliery as an Example
Authors: Yang Yongjie , Zhang Yang , Zhang Tianli
Published: December 2020

Constitutive relationship of coal under triaxial compression must be determined during solving the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation about coal body failure. This paper carried out the conventional triaxial compression test on No. 3 coal of Xinhe Colliery using the MTS815.03 servo‐controlled rock mechanical test system. The results indicate that the failure process of coal can be divided into 5 stages: densification stage, apparent linear elastic deformation stage, accelerated inelastic deformation stage, fracture and developing stage, and plasticity flow stage. Within the test confining pressure (20 MPa), the peak strain of coal is approximately linearly positively correlated with the confining pressure. The relationship between elastic modulus of coal and confining pressure is quadratic polynomial. The triaxial compressive strength and residual strength of coal are approximately linearly positively correlated with confining pressure. The constitutive relationship model of coal can be simplified as the four segments of straight line model of “elastic–plastic hardening–plastic softening–residual perfectly plastic.” Through fitting calculation of test data, the segmented constitutive equation of coal can be obtained, and the every segment span of strain.
Commutativity of MA-Semirings with Involution through Generalized Derivations
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Aslam Muhammad , Qureshi Muhammad Imran , Khan Yaqoub Ahmed , Rehman Shafiq Ur , Farid Ghulam
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study the generalized derivations of MA-semirings with involution. We discuss some differential identities satisfied by the generalized derivations which force the semirings with involution to be commutative.
Recognition and Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia in Individuals with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Morton Robert O. , Morton Lucas C. , Fedora Rissa
Published: December 2020

Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) commonly suffer from comorbid psychiatric and behavioral disorders that are frequently treated by antipsychotic medications. All individuals exposed to first- and second/third- generation antipsychotics are at risk for developing tardive dyskinesia (TD), characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements of the mouth/tongue/jaw, trunk, and extremities. TD can be highly disruptive for affected individuals and their caregivers, causing embarrassment, isolation, behavioral disturbances, and reduced functioning and quality of life. Information on TD incidence in individuals with ID is limited, but 2 small US studies reported TD prevalence rates of 42-45% in inpatients with ID. The safety and efficacy of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors approved for treatment of TD in adults have been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials, but they excluded individuals with ID. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of 5 adults (aged 28–63 years) with mild-to-severe ID and TD are presented, illustrating TD symptoms before/after treatment. All individuals had multiple comorbid psychiatric, behavioral, and other medical conditions, history of antipsychotic exposure, and abnormal movements affecting the tongue/mouth/jaw (

n
=
5

), upper extremities (

n
=
5

), lower extremities (

n
=
3

), and trunk (

n
=
2

), resulting in diminished ability to speak (

n
=
2

), ambulate (

n
=
3

), and perform activities of daily living (

n
=
3

). Treatment with valbenazine resulted in meaningful improvements in TD symptoms and improved daily functioning, demeanor, and social/caregiver interactions. Given the high likelihood of antipsychotic exposure in the ID population, it is appropriate to screen for TD at every clinical visit through careful monitoring for abnormal movements and questioning the individual/caregiver regarding abnormal movements or TD-related functional impairments (i.e., speaking, swallowing, eating, ambulating, and social functioning). In this study, 5 individuals with ID and TD received once-daily valbenazine and experienced marked improvement in TD symptoms and daily functioning, resulting in increased quality of life for affected individuals and caregivers.
The Association of Obesity with Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Thyroid Function-Possible Mechanisms of Bilateral Interaction
Authors: Baranowska-Bik Agnieszka , Bik Wojciech
Published: December 2020

A growing number of patients suffer from autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease. There has simultaneously been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide. It is still an open question whether adiposity can directly influence activation of inflammatory processes affecting the thyroid in genetically predisposed individuals. Adipokines, biologically active substances derived from the adipocytes, belong to a heterogenic group of compounds involved in numerous physiological functions, including the maintenance of metabolism, hormonal balance, and immune response. Notably, the presence of obesity worsens the course of selected autoimmune diseases and impairs response to treatment. Moreover, the excess of body fat may result in the progression of autoimmune diseases. Nutritional status, body weight, and energy expenditure may influence thyroid hormone secretion. Interestingly, thyroid hormones might influence the activity of adipose tissue as metabolic alterations related to fat tissue are observed under pathological conditions in which there are deficits or overproduction of thyroid hormones. Functioning TSH receptors are expressed on adipocytes. Thermogenesis may presumably be stimulated by TSH binding to its receptor on brown adipocytes. There could be a bilateral interaction between the thyroid and adipose. Obesity may influence the onset and course of autoimmune disease.
Inhibitory Effects of Genistein on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Induced by Ox-LDL: Role of BKCa Channels
Authors: Bai Bing , Lu Nanjuan , Zhang Wei , Lin Jinghan , Zhao Tingting , Zhou Shanshan , Khasanova Elona , Zhang Liming
Published: December 2020

Background. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is a crucial pathogenic factor for vascular diseases, which can induce the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Genistein is the main component of soybean isoflavone. Genistein has a variety of pharmacological properties in the treatment of vascular diseases and a promising clinical application. Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels are the primary type of potassium channels in VSMCs, which regulate various biological functions of VSMCs. However, whether genistein exerts an antiproliferation effect on Ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs remains unclear. The current study is aimed at elucidating the effect of genistein on the Ox-LDL-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs and its possible molecular mechanism, especially the electrophysiological mechanism related to BKCa channels. Methods. Monoculture VSMC was obtained by an acute enzyme-dispersing method. The proliferation of cells was measured by CCK-8, cell cycle, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The BKCa whole-cell currents were measured by patch-clamp. Results. Ox-LDL treatment induced the proliferation of VSMCs, upregulated the BKCa protein expression, and increased the density of BKCa currents, while genistein significantly inhibited these effects caused by Ox-LDL. BKCa channels exerted a regulatory role in the proliferation of VSMCs in response to Ox-LDL. The inhibition of BKCa channels suppressed Ox-LDL-stimulated VSMC proliferation, while the activation of BKCa channels showed the opposite effect. Moreover, genistein suppressed the activity of BKCa, including protein expression and current density in a protein tyrosine kinase- (PTK-) dependent manner. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that genistein inhibited the Ox-LDL-mediated proliferation of VSMCs by blocking the cell cycle progression; the possible molecular mechanism may be related to PTK-dependent suppression of BKCa channels. Our results provided novel ideas for the application of genistein in the treatment of vascular diseases and proposed a unique insight into the antiproliferative molecular mechanism of genistein.
Morphological Characterization of the Developing Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) Brain
Authors: Mustapha Oluwaseun , Ezekiel Oluwaseun , Olaolorun Francis , Awala-Ajakaiye Michael , Popoola Eniola , Olude Matthew , Olopade James
Published: December 2020

Developmental mode along the altricial-precocial spectrum is well known to be influenced by brain development and maturation. The greater cane rat (GCR) is an indigenous precocial African rodent with uncommon phenotypes and life traits. This study was therefore designed to characterize and describe distinctive external developmental features in the prenatal GCR brain across the entire gestational length using the emergence and differentiation of external features of the brain vesicles. Four gross morphometric brain parameters (weight, length, width, and height) were evaluated and expressed as mean ± SEM. Relationship between all brain morphometrics and gestation length were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and linear regression. Developmental milestones in the prenatal GCR were then compared with closely related precocial mammals. The earliest time point with gross observable features in the prenatal GCR brain was at gestation day (GD) 60. The period with the most remarkable gross developmental features was noted between GD80 and GD100. Some of these gross features include differentiation of the cerebellar plate into vermis and lateral lobes, emergence of the piriform lobes, mammillary bodies, colliculi bodies, cerebral peduncles, and primordial pons. By GD130, most gross topographic neural features were already established. Cerebellar lobation and patterning at GD130 were the last recognizable gross developmental features noticed in the prenatal GCR brain. This coincided with the time of first eye opening in the GCR fetus. The developmental pattern observed in the prenatal GCR brain is similar to those noted in precocial rodent like the guinea pig. However, the onset of these milestones was delayed, and their duration was relatively shorter in the GCR. This study provides a frame of baseline reference of morphological brain features in the GCR embryos and fetuses that will be useful for fetal age estimation, for home grown neurodevelopmental and eco-toxicological studies, as this rodent is being proposed as a research model.
Bariatric Surgery Impact on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Is Age a Factor to Consider?
Authors: Mendonça Fernando , Silva Maria Manuel , Salazar Daniela , Ferreira Maria João , Pedro Jorge , Guerreiro Vanessa , Viana Sara , Neves Joao Sérgio , Belo Sandra , Varela Ana , Freitas Paula , Carvalho Davide ,   CRIO Group
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Despite the abundance of data addressing the influence of patient’s age on surgery-related complications, its impact on cardiometabolic outcomes following bariatric surgery has been overlooked. Methods: Retrospective unicentric study of 1,728 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery between January 2010 and June 2015. Patients were divided in 3 age groups, according to their age at surgery: ˂40 (n = 751), 40–59 (n = 879), and ≥60 years (n = 98). Parameters with cardiometabolic impact, such as body anthropometric measures, lipid profile, and glycemic status, before and 24 months after surgery, were compared between these groups. A multiple linear regression was performed, adjusting differences between groups for sex, surgery type, and body mass index variation. Results: The group ˂40 years presented more weight loss (–35.4 ± 9.0 kg, p ˂ 0.001), greater BMI reduction (–15.8 ± 6.1 kg/m2, p ˂ 0.001), and larger changes in waist (–34 ± 13.8 cm, p ˂ 0.001) and hip circumferences (–28.7 ± 11.9 cm, p ˂ 0.05). The group of ≥60 years presented the heaviest reduction in fasting glucose (–17.7 ± 32.8 mg/dL, p ˂ 0.001) and HbA1c (0.7 ± 1.0, p ˂ 0.001), and also had a tendency to have the biggest changes in systolic blood pressure (–14.7 ± 18.7 mm Hg, p = 0.071). Conclusion: Patients with ≥60 years benefit the most from bariatric surgery regarding cardiometabolic parameters, presenting heavier reductions in fasting glucose, as well as HbA1c and a tendency towards a higher decrease in systolic blood pressure. No clinically significant differences in lipid profile were observed between groups.
Cannabis and Pregnancy: A Psychiatric, Medical, or General Population Issue?
Authors: di Giacomo Ester , Pessina Rodolfo , Colmegna Fabrizia , Placenti Valeria , Pescatore Francesca , Aspesi Flora , Clerici Massimo
Published: December 2020

Background: Cannabis use during pregnancy may adversely affect the health of pregnant women and their fetus. Several recent surveys led in the US general population in the last decade showed an increase in cannabis use during pregnancy from 1.95 to 7%, with a 0.5% for medical-only purposes. Objectives: Our aim was to investigate if an increased incidence might be due to a greater public acceptability after introduction of cannabis medical use or due to psychiatric implications and unmet needs. Method: 500 pregnant women (302 psychiatric patients and 198 healthy controls) were tested with the Edimburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory, and Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis II while substance use disorder was documented with the fulfillment of the DSM-5 criteria. Results: Five percent of the whole sample had a documented addiction to cannabis during pregnancy (all among psychiatric patients and none in the general population). All psychiatric patients with cannabis use disorder were affected by borderline personality disorder, except for 1 patient with cannabis and cocaine use disorders who suffered from adjustment disorder with anxiety. Conclusions: Addiction to cannabis during pregnancy has an increased rate confirming surveys on the general US population but seem entirely linked to psychiatric issues, especially borderline personality disorder. Personality disorders may have been underestimated in surveys in the general population until now because these are usually not assessed.
Chandipura Virus’ Oncolytic Potential in Experimentally Induced Tumor in Mice
Authors: Balakrishnan Anukumar , Malik Nikita
Published: December 2020

Chandipura virus (CHPV) is a tropical pathogen, suggesting its involvement in childhood encephalitis syndrome in India. No reports are available in adult human beings for its pathogenicity. Similarly, in adult mice, the virus does not develop pathogenesis by parenteral route except for intracranial route of infection. The virus is remarkably nonpathogenic to adult immunocompromised nude mice. In vitro in tissue culture, the CHPV infects and kills many types of cells. All of these properties could qualify the CHPV to be a candidate virus for tumor therapy. To prove this, an experimentally induced tumor in a mouse was infected with live CHPV. The results showed that intra-tumoral injection reduced the volume of tumor and increased the longevity of the mice. The study concludes that the CHPV may be a safe tumor therapy virus. More precisely, the discovery of CHPV protein with oncolytic potential may lead to the development of novel drugs/therapeutics.
Phenotype Discordance between Primary Tumor and Metastasis Impacts Metastasis Site and Outcome: Results of WSG-DETECT-PriMet
Authors: Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Wuerstlein Rachel , Gluz Oleg , Heitz Florian , Freudenberger Muriel , Bensmann Elena , du Bois Andreas , Nitz Ulrike , Pelz Enrico , Warm Matthias , Ortmann Monika , Sultova Elena , Brucker Sara Y. , Kates Ronald E. , Fehm Tanja , Harbeck Nadia
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Tumor biological factors of breast cancer (BC) such as hormone receptor (HR) status, HER2 status, and grade can differ in the metastatic cascade from primary to lymph node (LN) metastasis and to distant metastatic tissue. Systematic data regarding therapeutic consequences are yet limited. Methods: We conducted a prospectively planned, retrospective cohort study comparing BC phenotype in tissue from primary tumors (PTs), locoregional LN metastases, and disease recurrence (DR). HR and HER2 as well as tumor grade in PTs and DR were obtained by a database search. No centralized biomarker testing was performed. The impact of changes in tumor biological factors on post-recurrence survival (PRS) and overall survival was analyzed. Results: PriMet comprises 635 patients (LN tissue in 142 patients). Discrepancies for HR or HER2 status between PT and DR were observed in 18.7 and 21.6% of cases, respectively. For HR status, positivity of PT and negativity of DR was seen more often (13.2%) than vice versa (5.5%). For HER2 status, negativity of the primary and positivity of DR was seen more often (14.9%) than vice versa (6.7%). Discordance was more often observed between PT and LN metastasis compared to LN versus DR. However, numbers were small. Compared to concordant non-triple-negative (TN) disease, concordant TN disease showed significantly inferior PRS. Conclusion: We demonstrate receptor discordance to occur relatively frequently between PT, LN metastasis, and DR and to impact patient prognosis. However, clinical consequences of receptor discordance need to be drawn with caution considering clinical aspects as well as tumor biology.
Ischemic Stroke in Patients with COVID-19 Disease: A Report of 10 Cases from Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Karvigh Sanaz , Vahabizad Fahimeh , Banihashemi Gelareh , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Gheini Mohammad Reza , Eslami Mahdieh , Marhamati Hoora , Mirhadi Maryam Sadat
Published: December 2020

Ischemic stroke seems to be one of the most serious neurologic complications in patients with COVID-19 infection. Herein, we report a series of 10 ischemic stroke patients with concomitant COVID-19 disease. Out of 10, 8 had large infarcts (3 massive middle cerebral artery, 2 basilar artery, 2 posterior cerebral artery, and 1 internal carotid artery infarct territory). Two had cardiogenic embolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation. Almost half of our patients did not have a vascular risk factor. Nine did not have fever and were diagnosed with COVID-19 upon admission for stroke. Stroke occurred in the first week of respiratory symptoms with moderate pulmonary involvement. Most Patients did not have hypoxia and did not establish respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome. The blood pressures were low and hemorrhagic transformation did not occur even after antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. Patients had markedly increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer. Three patients died. It seems that ischemic strokes in COVID-19 patients tend to occur as large infarct and can be seen in patients with mild to moderate pulmonary involvement.
“Janelas para a natureza”: explorando o potencial educativo dos dioramas
Authors: Scalfi Graziele , Milan Barbara
Published: December 2020

O livro parte do conceito dos “dioramas”, os quais normalmente são conhecidos como séries de objetos que remetem a cenários representativos de ambiente, situações, indivíduos ou elementos, buscando caracterizá-los de uma forma real. No contexto dos museus, os dioramas possuem uma trajetória longa e rica, além de um relevante papel educativo, o qual esse livro busca explorar e valorizar. Esta é uma obra importante sobre os dioramas e uma expressão com grande potencial para definir o significado desses objetos. A ideia de “ver” por meio de um conjunto de objetos, de contemplar e imaginar o que está ocorrendo, é fundamental para compreender o que são os dioramas. Esta publicação é um convite ao deleite e à observação dos dioramas, quando é possível passear pelas cenas, imaginando e contando histórias sobre os elementos que os compõem. A leitura do livro traz ao leitor a possibilidade de percorrer a trajetória dos museus e, em especial, para perceber a ampliação e a força que a educação foi ganhando nesses espaços – sendo os 15 dioramas um dos elementos-chave nesse caminho, e, também, estimular a criação de atividades educativas com base nesses objetos, tecendo novas e profícuas relações entre museus e escolas.
Förderung der Sprechfertigkeit in DaF: eine qualitative Analyse zur Nutzung von ChatClass
Authors: Marques-Schäfer Gabriela , Rozenfeld Cibele Cecilio de Faria
Published: December 2020

Mit der Entwicklung mobiler Technologien wird die Auswahl an digitalen Tools zum Erlernen einer Fremdsprache immer größer. Jedoch setzen die meisten Angebote einen Schwerpunkt auf das Wortschatzlernen sowie auf die Übung grammatischer Phänomene, sodass die Fertigkeit Sprechen in den aktuellen Angeboten seltener gefördert wird. Um diese Lücke zu füllen, wurde die App ChatClass entwickelt, die im vorliegenden Beitrag empirisch untersucht wird. Während eines Semesters nutzten angehende DaF-Lehrende einer brasilianischen Universität die App, um ihre eigene Sprechfertigkeit zu verbessern. Ergebnisse aus der Studie zeigen, dass die Übungen der hier untersuchten App nicht nur als innovativ betrachtet wurden, sondern sich zudem positiv auf den Lernprozess der Studierenden auswirkten, da sie sowohl das monologische Sprechen förderte als auch einen authentischen mündlichen Lerner-LernerAustausch ohne die Interferenz einer Lehrperson ermöglichten. Bemerkenswert ist, dass gerade dieser Austausch die Lernenden dazu motivierte und ermutigte, sich mehr in der Fremdsprache außerhalb des Unterrichts zu äußern.
Die Relevanz der Selbstlernzentren für die Autonomiebildung beim Fremdsprachenlernen an der Universität
Authors: Schmidt Cristiane , Cardoso de Aquino Tatiane
Published: December 2020

Die Notwendigkeit eines formalen Umfelds, das die Sprachlernenden unterstützt, ist immer häufiger Gegenstand von Debatten im Bereich der modernen Fremdsprachen, da es für die Entwicklung autonomer Lerner von Bedeutung ist. Daher soll in dieser Studie die Rolle institutionalisierter Räume, insbesondere von Selbstlernzentren, im Prozess der Autonomiebildung und ihre Beziehung zum Fremdsprachenlernprozess beleuchtet werden. Die Studie versucht zu verstehen, wie Studenten/Lerner ihre Autonomie entwickeln, welche Strategien sie verwenden und in welchem Verhältnis dieser Prozess zur Nutzung von Selbstlernzentren steht. Die theoretische Grundlage wird von Autoren aus dem Bereich der Angewandten Linguistik gegeben: Leffa (1988); Oxford (1990); Morrison (2011); Tassinari (2012; 2014) und Magno e Silva (2018). Zu diesem Zweck richtet sich diese qualitative Forschung an Studierende, die zwei Klassen des Deutsch-als-Fremdsprache-Studiums der UFPA angehören, die sich in verschiedenen Phasen ihrer Hochschulausbildung befinden. In diesem Kontext schlägt die Studie einige Leitlinien für den Lernenden/Benutzer des Selbstlernzentrums Base de Apoio à Aprendizagem Autônoma (BA³) vor, die darauf abzielen, den Prozess der Autonomiebildung beim Erlernen von Deutsch als Fremdsprache effektiv zu entwickeln.
Perguntas e respostas: o uso da plataforma Yahoo Clever! como ferramenta de ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira
Authors: Silva Mariana Kuntz Andrade e , Roveran Henrique Elias
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e analisar experiências envolvendo a postagem de perguntas e respostas na plataforma Yahoo! Clever no ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira, focando nos aspectos da autenticidade de situações e do esenvolvimento da autonomia e motivação dos aprendizes. Para isso, foi apresentado o planejamento e a realização de uma sequência didática em um curso livre para público universitário do nível A2 (QECR). Além da descrição da sequência, foram analisados os resultados das atividades na forma de postagens no website, além de excertos de entrevistas com alguns aprendizes. A partir da análise desses dados, foi possível perceber que atividades envolvendo a plataforma podem criar situações autênticas, engajando os aprendizes a interagir com a comunidade do site de forma significativa, mas também podem ser encaradas pelos aprendizes de forma nautêntica, o que leva a postagens artificiais que podem acarretar respostas negativas por parte da comunidade. Por fim, discute-se o papel do professor em levar os aprendizes a refletirem sobre a interação em ambientes não controlados.
Periódicos brasileiros de turismo (1990-2018)
Authors: Köhler André Fontan , Digiampietri Luciano Antonio
Published: December 2020

O artigo consiste em um estudo bibliométrico do tipo avaliativo, que utiliza medidas de impacto e híbridas (citações). Seu objeto de estudo são os artigos publicados em 16 periódicos brasileiros de turismo, no período 1990-2018. Há os seguintes objetivos principais: a) avaliar a trajetória e o conjunto de citações dos artigos selecionados, provendo-se um quadro geral sobre seu impacto; e b) avaliar esses periódicos, inclusive por meio da construção de rankings. Supre-se, dessa forma, certa escassez de estudos bibliométricos acerca do campo de turismo no Brasil. A metodologia consiste na coleta e tratamento manual de dados, estatística descritiva e cálculo dos índices H e G. Houve um aumento no impacto do campo de turismo no Brasil, nos anos 2000 e 2010, o que demonstra um processo de amadurecimento e consolidação. Nota-se a existência de um “pelotão de frente,” formado pelo Caderno Virtual de Turismo, Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, Revista Turismo – Visão e Ação e Turismo em Análise, que se destaca em quase todas as métricas e índices, seguido pela CULTUR – Revista de Cultura e Turismo. Algumas métricas parecem indicar que a Revista Brasileira de Ecoturismo e a Revista Rosa dos Ventos podem estar entrando nesse patamar intermediário. O restante dos periódicos tem impacto ainda muito baixo. A julgar pelas citações provenientes de artigos de periódico, as 16 revistas selecionadas dependem muito de citações feitas pelo próprio campo. A principal limitação da pesquisa é que os periódicos contemplados consistem numa pequena parcela da produção científica sobre turismo no Brasil.
Ampliando Horizontes Para o Turismo no Rio da Prata de Campo Grande a Partir da Perspectiva do Uso Público no Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (RJ)
Authors: Oliveira Maria Amália Silva Alves de , Pena Ingrid Almeida de Barros , Peixoto Roberta
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho investigou o processo de turismização da vertente do Rio da Prata do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca sob o prisma do Uso Público, pois o saber produzido a partir de tais processos apresenta relevância para o planejamento e gestão de atividades de visitação cuja experiência tenha como fim a conservação. Realizou-se revisão da literatura, aplicação de questionários semiabertos, entrevistas e observação participante. Foram consultados moradores, visitantes, técnicos do órgão ambiental e condutores locais. A partir das informações coletadas, discutimos representações de turismo, oportunidades e desafios relacionados ao Uso Público, e os resultados do “Curso de Condutor de Visitantes do PEPB”. Apresentamos recomendações para futuras qualificações ofertadas pelo órgão ambiental e concluímos que, além deste, outros órgãos/setores deveriam estar envolvidos no processo de indução de turismo no local.
Anna Maria Maiolino sob a perspectiva da crítica de processo: vestígios da criação
Authors: Gonçalves Vinícius de Oliveira , Salles Cecilia Almeida
Published: December 2020

O artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a obra de Anna Maria Maiolino sob a perspectiva de seu processo de criação. Será apresentado o contexto acadêmico no qual a pesquisa está inserida, que propõe a crítica de processos de criação como uma abordagem para a arte. Pesquisas que lidam com os registros, deixados pelos artistas, ao longo de seus percursos artísticos. Destaca-se a relevância de se propor uma teoria crítica de processo diante de experimentações e interrogações artísticas contemporâneas que envolvem a exploração de arquivos e diferentes relações entre obra e processo. A obra dessa artista oferece um interessante espaço para tais reflexões. A partir de alguns aspectos gerais do processo, será dada especial ênfase aos seguintes aspectos: publicação de documentos de processos, obras processuais, processos se transformando em obras e textura intersemiótica.
Records of Rusty-Spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Hemant Singh  , Kariyappa Aditya
Published: December 2020

The Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus is the smallest cat in the world and restricted to the Indian subcontinent.  Although it has been recorded across India, its ecology is poorly understood.  In the northwestern state of Rajasthan, it has been recorded in the dry deciduous forest landscapes of Udaipur, Sariska, and Ranthambore.  We report camera trap records of the Rusty-Spotted Cat in semi evergreen and dry deciduous forests in Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan.  In the current study from September 2017 to April 2018, out of 1,800 camera trapping nights the species was recorded on ten occasions, at four different locations in Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary.
Reunion with the mother: a successful rehabilitation strategy for displaced wild Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) kittens
Authors: Deshmukh Ajay , Khadpekar Yaduraj , Dhore Mahendra , M.V. Baijuraj
Published: December 2020

One of the common challenges for wildlife rehabilitators and conservationists is dealing with displaced young animals, needing intervention and help.  Most commonly, such displaced animals are moved to zoos or rescue centers where they are hand-raised.  In some cases, the hand-raised animals are rehabilitated back in the wild following suitable protocols.  For young animals that are not injured or ill, however, reuniting them with their mothers in the wild might be the best option.  There are few reports on such reunion efforts.  We report successful reunions of 26 Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus kittens with their mothers in the period of six years in the Junnar Forest Division, Maharashtra, India.  The kittens found by the villagers were examined for injuries or signs of sickness, and physiological parameters were recorded.  If found healthy, they were placed in a plastic basket at the same location in the evening of the same day for a reunion with their mothers.  In all cases, the mother cat was in the vicinity and took the kittens away after a brief period.  The success of reunion effort was confirmed by direct observation or vocalization of the kittens combined with the presence of pugmarks of an adult cat at the site, or just by the presence and appearance of pugmarks.  The results of our efforts show that displaced kittens of small wild cats can be successfully reunited with their mothers, provided that the time gap between separation and reunion effort is minimized.
Sex Workers, Stigma, and Self-Image: Evidence from Kolkata Brothels
Authors: Ghosal Sayantan , Jana Smarajit , Mani Anandi , Mitra Sandip , Roy Sanchari
Published: December 2020

This paper studies the link between self-image and behavior among those who face stigma due to poverty and social exclusion. Using a randomized field experiment with sex workers in Kolkata (India), we examine whether a psychological intervention to mitigate adverse effects of internalized stigma can induce behavior change. We find significant improvements in participants' self-image, their savings choices, and health clinic visits. Administrative data confirm that these changes in savings and preventive health behavior persist 15 and 21 months later, respectively. Our findings highlight the potential of purely psychological interventions to improve the life choices and outcomes of marginalized groups.
The Polar Code and Telemedicine
Authors: Aase Johnny Grøneng , Hyndøy Henrik , Tveten Agnar , Johansen Ingrid Hjulstad , Imsen Hege , Wilhelmsen Eirik Veum , Skorge Trude Duelien , Halstensen Alfred Ingvar , Ulven Arne Johan , Haga Jon Magnus
Published: December 2020

One result of a warmer global climate is increased maritime activity in the Arctic. Areas that used to be covered by ice and snow are now accessible for the scientific community and commercial users. The Norwegian government has chosen tourism as a pillar of the economy of Svalbard and facilitates the development of the tourism industry. Aase and Jabour have shown that tourist vessels sail as far north as 82° N, beyond the range of geostationary satellites. The Polar Code states that appropriate communication equipment to enable telemedical assistance in polar areas shall be provided. This paper describes a series of functional telemedicine tests carried out on board the Norwegian Coast Guard vessel NoCGV Svalbard during her transit between Svalbard and the Norwegian mainland in September 2019. Communication was established between the vessel and Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen, Norway, using the new Iridium NEXT constellation of communication satellites. Our tests show that medical services that require low bandwidths work.
Ethics of Observation in the Polar Regions
Authors: Carleton Alexandra L.
Published: December 2020

Whilst satellite observations over the Polar Regions yield vastly beneficial scientific knowledge, ethical questions complicate their use in the context of the Polar Regions, in particular, questions about military or strategic advantage vis-a-vis human security concerns. The Antarctic Treaty System is committed to use of its space for peaceful purposes which, in the fulfilment of high-level science, seems plausible. Yet where military endeavour is coupled with such scientific endeavour, or where global security concerns seek an entree to the knowledge acquired by such observation, the question of whether either Pole can remain free from human non-peaceful purpose is bedevilling.
Slaves, Philanthropy and Pious Endowments in Early Modern Istanbul
Authors: Wagner Veruschka
Published: December 2020

This contribution aims to look through a common lens at two important components of early modern Ottoman society, namely the endowment system and the institution of slavery. The relationship and intersections of these two fields will be examined on the basis of Istanbul’s court records from the second half of the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, in order to pursue the question of where and how (manumitted) slaves could benefit from endowments. The examination of individual cases found in the court records provides information about possible ways in which (former) slaves took on different roles and benefited from the charitable intentions of the founders of endowments.