bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanically Induced Transient Fluorescence of Photochromic Diarylethene Crystals for Sensing and Security Material
Authors: Nishimura Ryo , Kobayashi Yuka , Sotome Hikaru , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Morimoto Masakazu
Published: May 2024

Luminescent materials responding to mechanical stimulation can visualize the strain and mechanical damage applied to objects. Mechanofluorochromism is a well‐known phenomenon induced by the mechanical force on fluorescent crystalline materials. However, simple application of the mechanofluorochromism is unsuitable for temporally and spatially detecting stress in detail because the fluorescent state is kept for rather long period. Here, the dynamic stress‐sensing luminescent solid material of a photochromic diarylethene with a fluorescent moiety is reported. Under the stress applied to the crystalline state, this material emitted cyan‐colored transient fluorescence that is rapidly diminished within a few second. This dynamic fluorescence phenomenon is well controlled by the combination of light irradiation and other external stimuli (organic solvent vapor and/or heat). In addition, the luminescence period is regulated by the excitation wavelength and magnitude of applied force. By utilizing these responses, the rewritable dynamic information encryption is successfully demonstrated. This material with transient fluorescence overcomes the persistence of fluorescence color of mechanochromism and present results provide a new principle for multifunctional light‐emitting materials responding to mechanical stimulation.
Fabrication of Highly Stable Cs3Cu2I5‐in‐Glass Composite for X‐Ray Imaging by SPS Technique
Authors: Wang Panyi , Meng Mengmeng , Nie Man , Hu Xiaoyu , Cai Peiqing , Cai Muzhi , Lei Lei , Calvez Laurent , Zhang Xianghua , Xu Shiqing
Published: May 2024

The development of all‐inorganic lead‐free Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite materials has garnered significant attention due to their non‐toxic nature and unique optoelectronic properties, particularly in the field of X‐ray detection. However, the stability of perovskites remains a major concern for their optical applications. In this study, a highly stable Cs3Cu2I5‐in‐glass composite (Cs3Cu2I5@Borosilicate) is fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS), a rapid and low‐temperature sintering process. The Cs3Cu2I5@Borosilicate composite exhibits strong photoluminescence even after prolonged immersion in various polar solvents, whereas Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite loses its photoluminescence within seconds. Moreover, the Cs3Cu2I5@Borosilicate composite demonstrates robust radio‐luminescence under X‐ray irradiation, and its potential as a scintillator material is validated through prototype X‐ray imaging with a high spatial resolution (≈7 lp mm−1). This innovative composite material holds immense potential for scintillation applications and represents a promising approach for encapsulating perovskites in a transparent amorphous medium.
Ir(III) Metal Emitters with Cyano‐Modified Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐2‐ylidene Chelates for Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Yixin , Xin Yangyang , Pan Yi , Yiu Shek‐Man , Yan Jie , Lau Kai Chung , Duan Lian , Chi Yun
Published: May 2024

Ir(III) carbene complexes have been explored as one of the best blue phosphors for their high performance. Herein, the authors designed and synthesized a series of blue‐emitting Ir(III) phosphors (f‐ct9a–c), featuring fac‐coordinated cyano‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐2‐ylidene cyclometalates. These Ir(III) complexes exhibit true‐blue emission with a peak maximum spanning 448–467 nm, with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 81–88% recorded in degassed toluene. Moreover, OLED devices bearing phosphors f‐ct9a and f‐ct9b deliver maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 25.9% and 30.3%, together with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIEx,y) coordinates of (0.157, 0.225) and (0.142, 0.169), respectively. Remarkably, the f‐ct9b‐based device displays an incredible EQE of 29.0% at 5000 cd·m−2. The hyper‐OLED device based on f‐ct9b and ν‐DABNA exhibits an EQEmax of 34.7% and CIEx,y coordinates of (0.122, 0.131), affirming high potentials in achieving efficient blue electroluminescence.
Impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on short‐term postoperative outcomes after gastroenterological cancer surgery using data from a nationwide database in Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Masashi , Hibi Taizo , Seishima Ryo , Takemura Yusuke , Maeda Hiromichi , Toshima Genta , Ishida Noriyuki , Miyazaki Naoki , Taketomi Akinobu , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Seto Yasuyuki , Ueno Hideki , Mori Masaki , Shirabe Ken , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: May 2024

Background

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment have changed. This study aimed to investigate the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection prior to gastroenterological cancer surgeries on postoperative complications using data from a nationwide database in Japan.

Methods

Data on patients who underwent surgery for cancer including esophageal, gastric, colon, rectal, liver, and pancreatic cancer between July 1, 2019, and September 300, 2022, from real‐world sources in Japan were analyzed. The association between preoperative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and short‐term postoperative outcomes was evaluated. A similar analysis stratified according to the interval from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery (<4 vs. >4 weeks) was conducted.

Results

In total, 60 604 patients were analyzed, and 227 (0.4%) patients were diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection preoperatively. The median interval from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery was 25 days. Patients diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection preoperatively had a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia (odds ratio: 2.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–3.74; p = 0.036) than those not diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection based on the exact logistic regression analysis adjusted for the characteristics of the patients. A similar finding was observed in patients who had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection <4 weeks before surgery.

Conclusions

Patients with a history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia. This finding can be particularly valuable for countries that have implemented strict regulations in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic and have lower SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐related mortality rates.
Considerations for the use of porcine organ donation models in preclinical organ donor intervention research
Authors: Heinis Frazer I. , Merani Shaheed , Markin Nicholas W. , Duncan Kim F. , Moulton Michael J. , Fristoe Lance , Thorell William E. , Sherrick Raechel A. , Wells Tami R. , Andrews Matthew T. , Urban Marian
Published: May 2024

Use of animal models in preclinical transplant research is essential to the optimization of human allografts for clinical transplantation. Animal models of organ donation and preservation help to advance and improve technical elements of solid organ recovery and facilitate research of ischemia–reperfusion injury, organ preservation strategies, and future donor‐based interventions. Important considerations include cost, public opinion regarding the conduct of animal research, translational value, and relevance of the animal model for clinical practice. We present an overview of two porcine models of organ donation: donation following brain death (DBD) and donation following circulatory death (DCD). The cardiovascular anatomy and physiology of pigs closely resembles those of humans, making this species the most appropriate for pre‐clinical research. Pigs are also considered a potential source of organs for human heart and kidney xenotransplantation. It is imperative to minimize animal loss during procedures that are surgically complex. We present our experience with these models and describe in detail the use cases, procedural approach, challenges, alternatives, and limitations of each model.
Cover Image, Volume 141, Issue 22
Authors: Gopakumar Anandu Nair , Ccanccapa‐Cartagena Alexander , Bell Kati , Salehi Maryam
Published: May 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Development of crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membrane for microplastic removal from water by Anandu Nair Gopakumar et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/app.55428

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Influence of Surface Groups on Electrochemical Properties of Molten Salt Synthesized Ti3C2Tx in Mild Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Guan Bin , Ma Guoliang , Lin Zifeng
Published: May 2024

MXene, notable for its excellent electrical conductivity and tunable surface groups, has garnered widespread attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage. Here, Ti3C2Tx MXene was synthesized by a Lewis acid molten salt‐shielded synthesis (MS3). The surface groups (−Cl, −O) were modified by washing Ti3C2Tx samples with various solutions (deionized water, 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 0.5 M ammonium persulfate solution (APS)) and/or thermal treatments under an argon atmosphere at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C. It is shown that deionized water and HCl solution washing have minimal impact on the surface groups, while APS washing can increase the content of −O surface group. Conversely, thermal treatment may remove the −O. Electrochemical charge storage behavior of these Ti3C2Tx variants were further investigated in a 1 M acetate electrolyte buffered at pH=5.0. It is indicated that the −Cl surface group is electrochemically inert, whereas the −O may significantly improve the charge storage performance. Ti3C2Tx with high −O content delivered an impressive maximum capacity of 155 C g−1. This research underscores the crucial role of surface groups on the electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx in mild aqueous electrolytes, offering valuable insights for future modifications and applications of Ti3C2Tx in energy storage technologies.
Misperception of body verticality in neurological disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Obrero‐Gaitán Esteban , Fuentes‐Núñez David , Moral‐García María Del , López‐Ruiz María del Carmen , Rodríguez‐Almagro Daniel , Lomas‐Vega Rafael
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The internal representation of verticality could be disturbed when a lesion in the central nervous system (CNS) affects the centers where information from the vestibular, visual, and/or somatosensory systems, increasing the risk of falling.

Objective

The aim was to evaluate the vestibular and somatosensory contribution to the verticality pattern in patients with stroke and other neurological disorders.

Methods

A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Cross‐sectional, case–control, and cohort studies comparing body verticality in patients with stroke or CNS diseases (CNSD) versus healthy controls were selected. Subjective postural vertical (SPV) in roll and pitch planes was used as the primary variable.

Results

Ten studies reporting data from 390 subjects were included. The overall effect for CNSD patients showed a misperception of body verticality in roll (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] .84–1.25) and pitch planes (SMD = 1.03; 95% CI .51–1.55). In subgroup analyses, a high effect was observed in the perception of SPV both in roll and pitch planes in stroke (p = .002) and other CNSD (p < .001).

Conclusion

These findings suggest a potential misperception of SPV in patients with stroke and other neurological disturbances. Patients with CNSD could present an alteration of vestibular and somatosensory contribution to verticality construction, particularly stroke patients with pusher syndrome (PS), followed by those with PS combined with hemineglect.
Clinical predictors of Alzheimer's disease‐like brain atrophy in individuals with memory complaints
Authors: Karakasli Ahmet Alp , Ozkan Esra , Karacam Dogan Melike , Cap Duygu , Karaosmanoglu Ayca , Karahan Sevilay , Zorlu Nabi , Saka Esen , Ayhan Yavuz
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The definition and assessment methods for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) vary among studies. We aimed to investigate which features or assessment methods of SCD best predict Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related structural atrophy patterns.

Methods

We assessed 104 individuals aged 55+ with memory complaints but normal cognitive screening. Our research questions were as follows: To improve the prediction of AD related morphological changes, (1) Would the use of a standardized cognitive screening scale be beneficial? (2) Is conducting a thorough neuropsychological evaluation necessary instead of relying solely on cognitive screening tests? (3) Should we apply SCD‐plus research criteria, and if so, which criterion would be the most effective? (4) Is it necessary to consider medical and psychiatric comorbidities, vitamin deficiencies, vascular burden on MRI, and family history? We utilized Freesurfer to analyze cortical thickness and regional brain volume meta‐scores linked to AD or predicting its development. We employed multiple linear regression models for each variable, with morphology as the dependent variable.

Results

AD‐like morphology was associated with subjective complaints in males, individuals with advanced age, and higher education. Later age of onset for complaints, complaints specifically related to memory, excessive deep white matter vascular lesions, and using medications that have negative implications for cognitive health (according to the Beers criteria) were predictive of AD‐related morphology. The subjective cognitive memory questionnaire scores were found to be a better predictor of reduced volumes than a single‐question assessment. It is important to note that not all SCD‐plus criteria were evaluated in this study, particularly the APOE genotype, amyloid, and tau status, due to resource limitations.

Conclusions

The detection of AD‐related structural changes is impacted by demographics and assessment methods. Standardizing SCD assessment methods can enhance predictive accuracy.
A comprehensive assessment of the cholinergic‐supporting and cognitive‐enhancing effects of Rosa damascena Mill. (Damask rose) essential oil on scopolamine‐induced amnestic rats
Authors: Teralı Kerem , Ozbeyli Dilek , Yiğit‐Hanoğlu Duygu , Başer Kemal Hüsnü Can , Şener Göksel , Aykac Asli
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by gradual loss of cognitive abilities (dementia) and is a major public health problem. Here, we aimed at investigating the effects of Rosa damascena essential oil (RDEO) on learning and memory functions in a rat model of amnesia induced by scopolamine, as well as on changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) expression, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the extracted brain tissues.

Methods

The control, amnesia (scopolamine, 1 mg/kg/i.p.) and treatment (RDEO, 100 μL/kg/p.o. or galantamine, 1.5 mg/kg/i.p.) groups were subjected to Morris water maze and new object recognition tests. AChE activity was assayed by ELISA, and M1 mAChR and BDNF concentration changes were determined by western blotting. Also, using computational tools, human M1 mAChR was modeled in an active conformation, and the major components of RDEO were docked onto this receptor.

Results

According to our behavioral tests, RDEO was able to mitigate the learning and memory impairments caused by scopolamine in vivo. Our in vitro assays showed that the observed positive effects correlated well with a decrease in AChE activity and an increase in M1 mAChR and BDNF levels in amnestic rat brains. We also demonstrated in an in silico setting that the major components of RDEO, specifically ‐citronellol, geraniol, and nerol, could be accommodated favorably within the allosteric binding pocket of active‐state human M1 mAChR and anchored here chiefly by hydrogen‐bonding and alkyl–π interactions.

Conclusion

Our findings offer a solid experimental foundation for future RDEO‐based medicinal product development for patients suffering from AD.
Mitochondrial antioxidant elamipretide improves learning and memory impairment induced by chronic sleep deprivation in mice
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Ming , Wang Ya‐Tao , Wei Ru‐Meng , Li Xue‐Yan , Luo Bao‐Ling , Zhang Jing‐Ya , Zhang Kai‐Xuan , Fang Shi‐Kun , Liu Xue‐Chun , Chen Gui‐Hai
Published: May 2024

Background

The inflammation and synaptic dysfunction induced by mitochondrial dysfunction play essential roles in the learning and memory impairment associated with sleep dysfunction. Elamipretide (SS‐31), a novel mitochondrion‐targeted antioxidant, was proven to improve mitochondrial dysfunction, the inflammatory response, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment in models of cerebral ischemia, sepsis, and type 2 diabetes. However, the potential for SS‐31 to improve the cognitive impairment induced by chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) and its underlying mechanisms is unknown.

Methods

Adult c57BL/6J mice were subjected to CSD for 21 days using an activity wheel accompanied by daily intraperitoneal injection of SS‐31 (5 mg/kg). The novel object recognition and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate hippocampus‐dependent cognitive function. Western blotting and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to determine the effects of CSD and SS‐31 on markers of mitochondria, inflammation response, and synaptic function. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to examine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

Results

SS‐31 could improve the cognitive impairment induced by CSD. In particular, SS‐31 treatment restored the CSD‐induced decrease in sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator alpha levels and the increase in levels nuclear factor kappa‐B and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha. Furthermore, SS‐31 significantly increased the levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, postsynaptic density protein‐95, and synaptophysin in CSD mice.

Conclusion

Taken together, these results suggest that SS‐31 could improve CSD‐induced mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction, inflammatory response, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment by increasing SIRT1 expression levels.
Chemical Variability of the Berry Essential Oil of Two Subspecies of Juniperus Oxycedrus L. from Northwestern Algeria
Authors: Boussaïd Maghnia , Bekhechi Chahrazed , Bouayed Abdellatif , Hassani Faiçal , Casanova Joseph , Paoli Mathieu , Tomi Félix
Published: May 2024

The chemical composition of 33 oil samples isolated from the berries of individual trees of two subspecies of Juniperus oxycedrus L., collected in four locations in Tlemcen and Aïn Temouchent provinces, was investigated by GC‐FID, GC/MS and 13CNMR. In total, 83 compounds were identified, accounting for 85.9 % to 98.6 % of the total composition. Yields ranged between 0.02 and 0.40 % (w/w). All compositions were submitted to statistical analysis. Combination of hierarchical clustering dendrogram and principal component analysis suggested the existence of two groups, the second group being sub‐divided into two sub‐groups. Groups and sub‐groups were distinguished with respect to their contents of α‐pinene, germacrene D, myrcene and, to a lesser extent, of manoyl oxide. The chemical composition of the oils belonging to subsp. oxycedrus was largely dominated by monoterpenes. α‐Pinene (23.7–63.2 %) and germacrene D (4.5–25.4 %) were the major components, followed by myrcene (3.1–16.7 %). Conversely, samples oils of subsp. macrocarpa were largely dominated by germacrene D (4.4–30.0 %), followed by a lower content of α‐pinene (10.0–24.3 %) and myrcene (1.0–4.3 %) and a significant content of manoyl oxide (4.3–9.9 %).
Incomplete homonymous hemianopsia progressing to junctional scotoma due to a large internal carotid artery aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Takagi Yuki , Hozumi Kenta , Yokoyama Sho , Yokoyama Yoshimi , Kaga Tatusi
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Visual field disorders caused by cerebral aneurysms are diverse, nonspecific, and vary in their degree of compression. They should be distinguished from those caused by other common diseases, such as glaucoma.
Generation and Applications of a Broad Atomic Oxygen Beam with a High Flux‐Density via Collision‐Induced Dissociation of O2
Authors: Han Zhiqiang , Song Liying , Shum Po‐Wan , Lau Woon‐Ming
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive Summary

We detail the generation of a pulsed atomic oxygen (AO) broad beam with a high flux‐density via collision‐induced dissociation of O2 to support practical industrial exploitation of AOs, particularly for facilitating 2‐dimenstional oxidation/etching at a fast rate of one‐monolayer per second in an area ≥ 1000 cm2. This innovation fuses the following interdisciplinary concepts: (a) a high density of O+ can be produced in an electron‐cyclotron‐resonance (ECR) O2 plasma; (b) O+ can be extracted and accelerated with an aperture‐electrode in the plasma; (c) O+ with adequate kinetic energy can initiate a cascade of gas‐phase collisions in the presence of O2; (d) collision‐induced dissociation of O2 yields AOs with adequate kinetic energy which can cause additional collision‐induced dissociation of O2. Computational simulations of such collisions, with both ab initio molecular dynamics and direct simulation Monte Carlo methods, are used to guide the experimental generation of the proposed AO‐beam. We experimentally demonstrate the highest known AO mean flux‐density of about 1.5 × 1016 atoms·cm–2·s–1 in a broad‐beam, and use it to oxidatively modify a self‐assembled molecular layer of siloxane on a silicon wafer. In addition, we also demonstrate the growth of Al2O3 through an AO‐assisted atomic layer deposition process at room temperature.
Community detection by influential nodes based on random walk distance
Authors: Mokhtari Marjan , Kherad Mahdi
Published: May 2024

Community detection is a key feature that can be used to extract useful information from networks. In most studies, the same static algorithms are used on real‐time snapshots of the dynamic network. Such an action increases the calculations and the time taken for the clustering operation. The idea of community detection is based on the fact that communities are formed around a node that is more popular and influential. Therefore, in the proposed algorithm, first, several snapshots are received from the network, then for the first snapshot, the influence of each node is calculated using the influence function based on the random walk distance between nodes. Then by selecting k nodes with higher influence, network communities are formed and other nodes belong to the community with the most common edges. In the next step, the next snapshots will be received and then the communities will be updated. Then K nodes with higher influence are selected and their community is created if needed. The proposed method has been compared with state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, and the results show that proposed method has been able to have a suitable performance in the uniformity of communities and also the speed of community formation.
Hydrothiolation of Triisopropylsilyl Acetylene Sulfur Pentafluoride – Charting the Chemical Space of β‐SF5 Vinyl Sulfides
Authors: Kucher Hannes , Wenzel Jonas O. , Rombach David
Published: May 2024

Recently, we suggested liquid and high‐boiling TIPS‐CC‐SF5 (TASP) as a versatile reagent to access so far elusive SF5‐containing building blocks by less specialized laboratories under bench‐top conditions. The synthesis of non‐aromatic SF5 building blocks generally requires on‐site fluorination or pentafluorosulfanylation steps employing toxic and/or gaseous reagents. Herein, we underline the versatility of this reagent by reporting a benign bench‐top protocol for the synthesis of Z‐configured β‐pentafluorosulfanylated vinyl sulfides in good to excellent yields (up to 99 %) with exclusive (Z)‐diasteroselectivity and broad functional group tolerance. This method exploits an in‐situ protodesilylation‐hydrothiolation sequence. This so far uncharted class of compounds was characterized by means of NMR‐spectroscopy as well as SC‐XRD. Furthermore, we suggest the reaction to proceed via a kinetically controlled closed‐shell reaction pathway, corroborated by in‐silico experiments.
WNT5B drives osteosarcoma stemness, chemoresistance and metastasis
Authors: Perkins Rachel S. , Murray Glenn , Suthon Sarocha , Davis Lindsey , Perkins Nicholson B. , Fletcher Lily , Bozzi Amanda , Schreiber Saylor L. , Lin Jianjian , Laxton Steven , Pillai Rahul R. , Wright Alec J. , Miranda‐Carboni Gustavo A. , Krum Susan A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Treatment for osteosarcoma, a paediatric bone cancer with no therapeutic advances in over three decades, is limited by a lack of targeted therapies. Osteosarcoma frequently metastasises to the lungs, and only 20% of patients survive 5 years after the diagnosis of metastatic disease. We found that WNT5B is the most abundant WNT expressed in osteosarcoma tumours and its expression correlates with metastasis, histologic subtype and reduced survival.

Methods

Using tumor‐spheroids to model cancer stem‐like cells, we performed qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence to monitor changes in gene and protein expression. Additionally, we measured sphere size, migration and forming efficiency to monitor phenotypic changes. Therefore, we characterised WNT5B's relevance to cancer stem‐like cells, metastasis, and chemoresistance and evaluated its potential as a therapeutic target.

Results

In osteosarcoma cell lines and patient‐derived spheres, WNT5B is enriched in stem cells and induces the expression of the stemness gene SOX2. WNT5B promotes sphere size, sphere‐forming efficiency, and cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance to methotrexate (but not cisplatin or doxorubicin) in spheres formed from conventional cell lines and patient‐derived xenografts. In vivo, WNT5B increased osteosarcoma lung and liver metastasis and inhibited the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid via upregulation of hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1), leading to changes in the tumour microenvironment. Further, we identified that WNT5B mRNA and protein correlate with the receptor ROR1 in primary tumours. Targeting WNT5B through inhibition of WNT/ROR1 signalling with an antibody to ROR1 reduced stemness properties, including chemoresistance, sphere size and SOX2 expression.

Conclusions

Together, these data define WNT5B's role in driving osteosarcoma cancer stem cell expansion and methotrexate resistance and provide evidence that the WNT5B pathway is a promising candidate for treating osteosarcoma patients.

Key points

WNT5B expression is high in osteosarcoma stem cells leading to increased stem cell proliferation and migration through SOX2.

WNT5B expression in stem cells increases rates of osteosarcoma metastasis to the lungs and liver in vivo.

The hyaluronic acid degradation enzyme HYAL1 is regulated by WNT5B in osteosarcoma contributing to metastasis.

Inhibition of WNT5B with a ROR1 antibody decreases osteosarcoma stemness.
Importance of mediastinal granulomatous/sarcoid‐like lymphadenopathy in extrathoracic malignancies
Authors: Erol Serhat , Kaya Aslıhan Gurun , Arslan Fatma , Oz Mirac , Mulazimoglu Deniz Doğan , Isık Ozlem , Ciledag Aydin , Ceyhan Koray , Karnak Demet , Sen Elif , Celik Gokhan , Kaya Akin , Savas Ismail
Published: May 2024

Background

In patients with extrathoracic malignancies (ETM), granulomatous lymph adenopathy called sarcoid‐like reactions (SLR) can be seen in the regional or draining lymph nodes. We hypothesized that SLR may be a sign of imminent metastasis and investigated the clinical course and rate of recurrence in patients with ETM and granulomatous mediastinal lymphadenopathy (MLN).

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the medical files of patients with known ETM and who underwent EBUS‐TBNA for initial staging or detection of recurrence from 2011 to 2023. Patients with granulomatous MLN were included.

Results

Forty‐one patients (29 female) enrolled in the study. Breast and colorectal carcinomas were the most common malignancies. A total of 81 lymph nodes were sampled. The final diagnosis of patients was five sarcoidosis, one tuberculosis, one second primary, one drug reaction, and 33 SLR. Among patients with SLR, in one patient lymph nodes progressed during the follow‐up and were accepted as false‐negative without confirmatory biopsy. The negative predictive value (NPV) of granulomatous MLN for metastasis was 97.05%.

Conclusion

Granulomatous MLN may be due to tuberculosis, drug reaction, sarcoidosis, or SLR in patients with ETM. SLR has a high NPV in patients with ETM. Follow‐up imaging rather than confirmatory biopsy is reasonable in these patients.
Exploring the role of OXTR gene methylation in attachment development: A longitudinal study
Authors: Cuyvers Bien , Ein‐Dor Tsachi , Houbrechts Melisse , Freson Kathleen , Goossens Luc , Van Den Noortgate Wim , van Leeuwen Karla , Bijttebier Patricia , Claes Stephan , Turner Jonathan , Chubar Viktoria , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Bosmans Guy
Published: May 2024

The current study explored longitudinally whether oxytocin receptor gene methylation (OXTRm) changes moderated the association between parental sensitivity changes and children's attachment changes over three waves. Six hundred six Flemish children (10–12 years, 42.8%–44.8% boys) completed attachment measures and provided salivary OXTRm data on seven CpG sites. Their parents reported their sensitive parenting. Results suggest that OXTRm changes hardly link to attachment (in)security changes after the age of 10. Some support was found for interaction effects between parental sensitivity changes and OXTRm changes on attachment changes over time. Effects suggest that for children with increased OXTRm in the promotor region and decreased methylation in the inhibitor region over time, increased parental sensitivity was associated with increased secure attachment and decreased insecure attachment over time.
Muscular remodeling and anteroposterior patterning during tapeworm segmentation
Authors: Jarero Francesca , Baillie Andrew , Riddiford Nick , Montagne Jimena , Koziol Uriel , Olson Peter D.
Published: May 2024

Background

Tapeworms are parasitic flatworms that independently evolved a segmented body plan, historically confounding comparisons with other animals. Anteroposterior (AP) patterning in free‐living flatworms and in tapeworm larvae is associated with canonical Wnt signaling and positional control genes (PCGs) are expressed by their musculature in regionalized domains along the AP axis. Here, we extend investigations of PCG expression to the adult of the mouse bile‐duct tapeworm Hymenolepis microstoma, focusing on the growth zone of the neck region and the initial establishment of segmental patterning.

Results

We show that the adult musculature includes new, segmental elements that first appear in the neck and that the spatial patterns of Wnt factors are consistent with expression by muscle cells. Wnt factor expression is highly regionalized and becomes AP‐polarized in segments, marking them with axes in agreement with the polarity of the main body axis, while the transition between the neck and strobila is specifically demarcated by the expression domain of a Wnt11 paralog.

Conclusion

We suggest that segmentation could originate in the muscular system and participate in patterning the AP axis through regional and polarized expression of PCGs, akin to the gene regulatory networks employed by free‐living flatworms and other animals.
An updated survey of freshwater fishes within Letchworth State Park and surrounding area's of the Genesee River
Authors: Gascoigne G. , Assad J. , Patterson D. , Brillhart J. , DiLeo V. , Williams R.
Published: May 2024

The goal of this study was to gather information about freshwater fishes in Letchworth State Park (42.615275° N, −77.992825° W), a portion of New York State‐owned land located in the Genesee River Watershed that lacks known data about its fish diversity. Fish collection took place between 2017 and 2019 in the Genesse River upstream and downstream of the falls using electrofishing, gill, hoop, and seine netting. This was the first attempt at a comprehensive survey of this portion of the river, which allowed for a baseline to be established regarding fish biodiversity in the region. The updated total number of species found in this portion of the Genesee River was 25, 22 of which were newly identified downstream of the falls in Letchworth State Park. We encourage further collection and continuation of this survey with consistent sampling techniques to raise awareness about the importance of freshwater fish diversity in stream ecosystems across the globe.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Enabling Cyanation of Electron‐poor Carbons with Acetone Cyanohydrin
Authors: Morlacci Valerio , Momoli Caterina , Ndrita Meklind , Aschi Massimiliano , Arcadi Antonio , Palombi Laura
Published: May 2024

The Pt‐cathode hydrogen evolution reaction (Pt‐HER) of acetone cyanohydrin provides an alternative method for introducing the cyano group onto electrophilic carbons of imines and chalcones. The synthesis of α‐aminonitriles and β‐cyano ketones has been achieved smoothly with a small excess of cyanating agent (2 equivalent), catalytic amount of supporting electrolyte and low electricity consumption (0.02 F/mol). Besides demonstrating a general atom economy, the high Faradaic efficiency, allows for a scale‐up with low‐demanding electrochemical design and short electrolysis times.
Electrochemical Decarboxylative Addition of N‐Aryl Glycines to Enaminones: Access to C3‐Aminomethyl Chromones
Authors: Han Siyang , Fang Chengcheng , Zhang Yaoge , Li Sifeng , Huang Min , Wang Taimin , An Baigang , Cheng Bin
Published: May 2024

An electrochemical decarboxylative addition of N‐substituted glycines to enaminones has been developed and conducted under oxidant‐, catalyst‐, and light‐free conditions in acetonitrile at room temperature by using electron as the traceless oxidant, which provided a green approach to access C3‐aminomethyl chromones. The resulting products were formed through radical addition/oxidation/cyclization or electrophilic addition/cyclization pathway and could act as valuable building blocks to construct polysubstituted pyrimidine derivatives.
Improving accuracy of estimating building capacity curves from acceleration data using SDOF analysis
Authors: Pham Quang‐Vinh , Kusunoki Koichi , Maida Yusuke , Yeow Trevor
Published: May 2024

Displacement response is critical data for post‐earthquake fast building assessment. However, directly measuring building displacement response remains a great challenge in practice. Therefore, it is practically common to estimate displacement response from acceleration response using double integration. Unfortunately, the low‐frequency component of displacement obtained by double integrating acceleration often contains noise that is indistinguishable from low‐frequency displacement components. Consequently, the maximum displacement estimated from acceleration is commonly underestimated in comparison to its true value due to the removal of the low‐frequency components. This can potentially lead to an underestimation of post‐earthquake building damage state, especially when a building undergoes significant nonlinear deformation. This study develops a framework to improve the accuracy of the maximum displacement obtained from floor acceleration data by fusing it with the low‐frequency displacement component estimated from an equivalent SDOF analysis for both reinforced concrete (RC) and steel structures. Procedures for constructing the equivalent SDOF model of a building and a procedure for extracting the low‐frequency component from the analysis displacement were developed. The proposed method was verified using a diverse range of case studies from numerical simulation and experimental studies under different seismic records for both RC and steel structures. The results showed that the proposed method was effective with a range of seismic characteristics and damage levels. A significant reduction in maximum displacement errors was observed for cases with significant nonlinear deformation, which may contribute to a more accurate post‐earthquake building assessment.
Achieving environmental sustainability goals through capitalizing on renewable energy channels: Role of green finance, resources productivity and geopolitical situation in the MENA region
Authors: Ma Xiang , Najam Hina
Published: May 2024

Environmental sustainability is essential to the country's financial position and economic growth. Geopolitical situations and green activities significantly contribute to enhancing sustainable development goals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of green finance, investment in renewable energy sources and geopolitical risk on the environmental sustainability of the Middle East and North America (MENA) region over the period 2000–2021. When using a cross‐sectional dependence autoregressive distributed lag model (CS‐ARDL), it is discovered that a rise in geopolitical risk will decrease environmental performance in the form of carbon dioxide emission. At the same time, the other factors (green finance and investment in renewable energy) have a positive relationship with sustainability. This observation can be ascribed to the association between increased geopolitical risk and the inclination of crude oil consumers, who are most affected by such risk, to contemplate renewable energy as an alternative to conventional energy sources. This finding could also be attributed to the fact that clean energy is becoming more affordable. In addition, the augmented mean group model findings provide more evidence that a negative linkage is found between geopolitical risk and environmental sustainability. The findings have repercussions for regulators as well as investors who are active in the renewable energy markets.
Climate‐resilient water infrastructure in India
Authors: Vohra Kushvinder , Saurabh
Published: May 2024

India receives an annual precipitation of about 3880 BCM and the average water availability is 1999 BCM. Out of this, utilizable water resources are 1126 BCM due to topographic constraints, distribution effects and so forth. In India, agriculture remains the principal source of livelihood for about 54.6% of the population. The overall water demand of the country in 2010 was estimated at 710 BCM, of which the water use in irrigation was about 557 BCM (78%). With limited water resources available for fulfilling the water requirement of all the sectors, it is projected that by 2050 our overall water demand (1180 BCM) would outgrow the total utilizable water resources, namely 1126 BCM. Moreover, the groundwater table in various regions of the country is seeing a decline at an alarming rate.

Additionally, climate change poses significant and far‐reaching threats in all spheres of life and the economy. The erratic rainfall pattern makes a significant contribution to the frequent occurrence of floods and droughts in the country.

This paper attempts to put in context the impact of climate change observed on various facets of water resources, the need to develop and invest in climate‐resilient water infrastructure, and to highlight several initiatives taken by the government of India in this direction.
Surveillance colonoscopy findings in asymptomatic participants over 75 years of age
Authors: Agaciak Madelyn , Wassie Molla M , Simpson Kalindra , Cock Charles , Bampton Peter , Fraser Robert , Symonds Erin L
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim

Surveillance colonoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is generally not recommended beyond 75 years of age. The study determined incidence and predictors of advanced adenoma and CRC in older individuals undergoing surveillance colonoscopy.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of asymptomatic older participants (≥75 years), enrolled in a South Australian CRC surveillance program who underwent colonoscopy (2015–2020). Clinical records were extracted for demographics, personal or family history of CRC, comorbidities, polypharmacy, and colonoscopy findings. The associations between clinical variables and advanced adenoma or CRC at surveillance were assessed with multivariable Poisson regression analysis.

Results

Totally 698 surveillance colonoscopies were analyzed from 574 participants aged 75–91 years (55.6% male). The incidence of CRC was 1.6% (11/698), while 37.9% (260/698) of procedures had advanced adenoma detected. Previous CRC (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 5.9, 95% CI 1.5–22.5), age ≥85 years (IRR 5.8, 95% CI 1.6–20.1) and active smoking (IRR 4.9, 95% CI 1.0–24.4) were independently associated with CRC diagnosis, while advanced adenoma at immediately preceding colonoscopy (IRR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3–2.0) and polypharmacy (IRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.5) were associated with advanced adenoma at surveillance colonoscopy in asymptomatic older participants (≥75 years).

Conclusion

Advanced neoplasia was found in more than one third of the surveillance procedures completed in this cohort. Continuation of surveillance beyond age 75 yeasrs may be considered in participants who have previous CRC or are active smokers (provided they are fit to undergo colonoscopy). In other cases, such as past advanced adenoma only, the need for ongoing surveillance should be considered alongside participant preference and health status.
mmu‐miR‐185 regulates osteoclasts differentiation and migration by targeting Btk
Authors: He Dan , Jiao Yueying , Xu Jian , Luo Junjie , Cui Yaqi , Han Xiabing , Zhao Hongshan
Published: May 2024

Background

Bones undergo a constant remodeling, a process involving osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption and osteoblast‐mediated bone formation, crucial for maintaining healthy bone mass. We previously observed that miR‐185 depletion may promote bone formation by regulating Bgn expression and the BMP/Smad signaling pathway. However, the effects of miR‐185‐5p on the osteoclasts and bone remodeling have not been elucidated, warranting further exploration.

Methods

Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining was utilized to assess the differentiation ability of bone marrow mononuclear macrophages (BMMs) from mmu‐miR‐185 gene knockout (KO) mice and wild‐type (WT) mice. A reverse transcriptase‐quantitative PCR was conducted to compare differences in miR‐185‐5p and osteoclast marker molecules, including Trap, Dcstamp, Ctsk and Nfatc1, between the KO group and WT group BMMs. Western blot analysis was employed to observe the expression of osteoclast marker molecules. A cell‐counting kit‐8 was used to analyze cell proliferation ability. Transwell experiments were conducted to detect cell migration. Dual‐luciferase reporter assays were employed to confirm whether Btk is a downstream target gene of miR‐185‐5p.

Results

miR‐185 depletion promoted osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow‐derived monocytes/macrophages. Overexpression of miR‐185‐5p in RAW264.7 cells inhibited differentiation and migration of osteoclasts. Furthermore, Btk was identified as a downstream target gene of miR‐185‐5p, suggesting that miR‐185‐5p may inhibit osteoclast differentiation and migration by targeting Btk.

Conclusions

miR‐185 regulates osteoclasts differentiation, with overexpression of miR‐185‐5p inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and migration in vitro. Additionally, miR‐185‐5p may modulate osteoclastic differentiation and migration by regulating Btk expression.
両下腿の安静時痛が初発症状であった巨細胞性動脈炎の1例(Giant cell arteritis presenting as bilateral calf rest pain: a case report)
Authors: 拓也 西沢 , 聡司 吉川 , 剛士 上田
Published: May 2024

巨細胞性動脈炎（giant cell arteritis: GCA）は，高齢者に好発する大血管炎で，視力予後に関わるため，見逃してはいけない疾患の一つである。症例は85歳の男性。発熱を伴う両下腿の安静時痛を主訴に当院搬送された。両側の下腿腫脹を認めたが，把握痛や浮腫，発赤は認めず，下肢静脈超音波検査でも深部静脈血栓は指摘できなかった。血液検査で高度な炎症所見を認め，下肢の造影CTで両側の大腿動脈から膝窩動脈にかけて，動脈壁肥厚と動脈周囲の脂肪織濃度の上昇を認めた。再度診察したところ，右鎖骨下動脈と左浅大腿動脈に沿った圧痛を認めた。動脈超音波検査で，大腿・膝窩を含む動脈にびまん性壁肥厚を認めたため，GCAと臨床診断した。両下腿の安静時痛が初発症状であるGCAは非典型例ではあったが，動脈の圧痛や，画像検査で血管壁肥厚の有無を確認したことが早期診断の一助となった。
乳児感染性硬膜下血腫の1例(A case of infantile infected subdural hematoma)
Authors: 旬 内田 , 靖一 小守林 , 貴之 千葉 , 普 柳原 , 司 和田 , 智彦 眞瀬 , 邦昭 小笠原
Published: May 2024

乳児の感染性硬膜下血腫は稀であり，開頭術と穿頭術のどちらが優れているのかについて結論は得られていない。症例は虐待が疑われる6か月の男児である。生後5か月時に両側慢性硬膜下血腫を認め，CT上脳実質への圧迫はなく経過観察としていた。1か月後に突然の意識障害が出現し，CT上右硬膜下血腫の増大を認めた。重度の貧血があったため開頭術はリスクが高いと判断し，大泉門穿刺による血腫吸引を施行した。吸引した血腫を検鏡したところ，グラム陽性球菌の貪食像を認めた。抗菌薬投与下に，連日大泉門穿刺を行った。全身状態が改善した発症14病日に全身麻酔による内視鏡下頭蓋内血腫除去術を施行した。血腫腔内部は肉芽組織の隔壁が増生していた。隔壁を破りつつ血腫を吸引し，血腫腔を単房化した。術後経過は良好で硬膜下血腫の再発は認めなかった。感染性硬膜下血腫では画像上明らかでない隔壁形成が血腫腔内に存在する可能性があり，内視鏡補助下に血腫腔内を単房化しつつ血腫を除去することで，感染をコントロールできる可能性が示唆された。
Linalool‐zinc oxide nanocomposite controls Toxoplasma gondii infection through inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and pathogenicity
Authors: Baghdadi Hanadi B. A. , Albalawi Aishah E. , Shater Abdullah F. , Almohammed Hamdan , Alanazi Abdullah D.
Published: May 2024

The present in vitro and in vivo study aimed to fabricate and characterize linalool‐zinc oxide nanoparticles (Lin‐ZNP) and evaluate their effectiveness against Toxoplasma gondii infection in terms of inflammation, oxidative stress, and pathogenicity. Lin‐ZNP was synthesized using an ethanolic solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The anti‐Toxoplasma and cytotoxicity activities of Lin‐ZNP were investigated, along with its effects on nitric oxide (NO) production, caspase‐3 activity, and pro‐inflammatory genes. After treating T. gondii‐infected mice with Lin‐ZNP for 14 days, the number and size of tissue cysts, antioxidant potential, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and T. gondii pathogenicity‐related genes were evaluated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The Lin‐ZNP composite showed a reduced tendency with an average size of 105 nm. Lin‐ZNP significantly reduced the viability of tachyzoites. The obtained selectivity index higher than 10, indicating high specificity for parasites with low cytotoxicity to normal cells. The Lin‐ZNP significantly (p < 0.05) increased the production of NO, caspase‐3 activity, and the expression levels of pro‐inflammatory genes. Lin‐ZNP significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the size and number of tissue cysts and caused a significant reduction in the level of malondialdehyde and a considerable increase (p < 0.001) in antioxidant enzymes and their expression genes. Lin‐ZNP significantly downregulated both mRNA and protein expression of the inflammation‐related markers associated with the TLRs/NF‐κB pathway. The expression levels of the T. gondii pathogenicity‐related genes were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). The recent survey indicated that Lin‐ZNP manages T. gondii infection by its antioxidant activity and inhibiting the TLRs/NF‐κB pathway without toxicity in mice.
Contributions of Metacognition to Creative Performance and Behavior
Authors: Lebuda Izabela , Benedek Mathias
Published: May 2024

How are ideas born? Contrary to commonly held beliefs, creative performance, like any goal‐oriented action, requires understanding and managing one's own cognitive processes – thus, efficient metacognition. Recently, a systematic framework of creative metacognition (CMC) has been proposed, assuming the relevance of metacognitive knowledge, monitoring, and control in creative performance. Here, we provide the first comprehensive empirical examination of this conception. Specifically, an online sample (N = 425) performed divergent thinking (DT) tasks and gave insight in relevant aspects of metacognitive processes during task performance. The study revealed that all three proposed components of CMC played independent roles in enhancing creative cognitive performance, including divergent thinking creativity and fluency. Among these components, metacognitive control showed the strongest positive association with creative cognitive performance. As expected, CMC was especially relevant to imminent creative task performance but showed some association with real‐life creativity. These findings provide the first empirical evidence that all three postulated components of CMC support creative performance and, to a lesser degree, to creative behavior. In the discussion, we delve deeper into the specific roles of these metacognitive subcomponents in enhancing creative cognitive performance and touch upon the differences between the roles of self‐regulation and metacognition in creativity.