bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Lytic Acinetobacter baumannii Phage vB_Acib_C_A10 from Iraq pond waters and Comparing Its Antibacterial Effect with Cefotaxime Antibiotic
Authors: Azeez Zahraa Falah , Hatite Al-Daraghi Wathiq Abbas
Published: June 2019

Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria and lead to their lysis in an efficient and highly specific manner. These phages could be an ideal option for microbial control. These natural enemies of bacteria were used as therapeutic agents before the advent of antibiotics. Currently, with the rapid spread of multidrug resistant bacteria, phage therapy can be an
effective alternative treatment for antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the effectiveness of bacteriophages in
removing Cefotaxime-resistant clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains (CTX_RAB) in vitro. Our A. baumannii strains
were isolated and identified by standard and genetic methods. The antibiogram resistant was ascertained using
phenotypic and genotypic method for cefotaxime antibiotics. The bacteriophages were isolated from environmental water
samples. They were exposed to the host bacteria by the double-layer agar technique (DLA) to observe plaques. Cross
reaction of the phages on test A.baumannii strains was performed to determine broader-spectrum phages. We
successfully isolated Bacteriophage vB_Acib_C_A10 (ф Acib_A10) active against clinical strains of CTX_RAB by
enrichichment from activated pond water samlies using representatives of those strains. Purified bacteriophage
suspensions obtained were tested on a range of clinical isolates that included representatives of multiple strains of each of
the international clonal lineages, as well as minor and sporadic strains. An effective bacteriophage was isolated for each
strain. Examination by transmission electron microscopy revealed bacteriophage of the Corticoviridae family. The crossreaction showed phages which affect more than six A.baumannii strains. They can be a good choice for clinical
therapeutic use. Conclusions: According to the results, six strains were resistant to all concentration of cefotaxime
antibiotics. However, for each of these resistant bacteria one bacteriophage was isolated from environmental samples,
which showed the effectiveness of Effective bacteriophages to remove clinically resistant A. baumannii in vitro.
The Role of Vitamin B6 in Reducing Serum Prolactin in Comparison to Cabergoline
Authors: Witwit Suha J.
Published: June 2019

Hyperprolactinemia is a common endocrine disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary axis. It affect about 4-17% of women in
reproductive age and about 3-10% of patients with polycystic ovaries. Vitamin B6 is an effective prolactin inhibitor that is
extremely cheap and safe.it exerts hypothalamic dopaminergic effect which causes a significant reduction in prolactin level.
The aim of the study is To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin B6 in reducing serum prolactin in Hyperprolactinemic
patient. Compare this effect to that of cabergoline.
Simultaneous Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of three Types of Silver Nanoparticles against Human Bacterial Pathogens.
Authors: Mohammed Suhad Hadi , Mahdi Maysaa Saleh , Bashi Abbas Matrood , Ahmed Mohanad Mohsin
Published: June 2019

Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria result in an approximately 550,000 deaths from bacterial infections annually.
Several studies reported interesting antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized by
different physical, chemical and biological methods as an alternative to antibiotics. However, the resultant nanoparticles
were varying in size, shape, and had different antibacterial and antibiofilm activities with different concentrations.
Moreover, previous studies had investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities in separate protocols and didn’t
investigate the real-time or dual effect of silver nanoparticles on both planktonic and sessile cells within single protocol.
This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles through three methods and analyzing the simultaneous antibacterial
and antibiofilm activities against planktonic and sessile bacterial cells. Three methods were applied to analyze silver
nanoparticles and used to investigate the dual effect against bacterial biomass and biofilm formation. The results showed
that synthesized silver nanoparticles cause significant inhibition to bacterial cell biomass and bacterial biofilm formation
when compared with controls at low concentration. Significant Higher antibiofilm activity than antibacterial activity was
observed at very low concentration (0.0125 µg/ ml). The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity do not differ according to
the type of bacteria. Whereas, the antibacterial effect differs significantly according to the methods of silver nanoparticles
synthesis.
Validated Spectrophotometric Determination of Rizatriptan Benzoate
in Pharmaceutical Formulations using Alizarin Derivatives
Authors: Sheikh R El , S. Hassan W. , A. Gouda A. , OwairdhiA. Al , K K H Al Hassani
Published: June 2019

Two simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of rizatriptan benzoate (RZT) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. These methods were
based on the formation of charge transfer complex between RZT as n-electron donor and alizarin red S (ARS) or
quinalizarin (Quinz) as π-acceptor in methanol to form highly colored chromogens which showed an absorption
maximum at 532 and 574 nm using ARS and Quinz, respectively. The optimization of the reaction conditions such as the
type of solvent, reagent concentration and reaction time were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, Beer’s law is
obeyed in the concentration ranges 1.0-16 and 2.0-20 g mL-1 using ARS and Quinz, respectively with good correlation
coefficient (r2 ≥ 0.9996) and with a relative standard deviation (RSD% ≤ 1.16). The molar absorptivity, Sandell
sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were also calculated. The methods were successfully applied to the
determination of RZT in its pharmaceutical formulations and the validity assesses by applying the standard addition
technique. Results obtained by the proposed methods for the pure RZT and commercial tablets agreed well with those
obtained by the reported method.
Epidemiological Study of Cryptosporidium Infection in Al-Najaf City
Authors: Sayal Raad Ajam
Published: June 2019

This study was aimed to investigate the infection caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium for patients complained from
diarrhea and abdominal discomfort in Najaf city during the period from November 2017 to March 2018. Fifty stool samples
were collected from patients their age ranging from 1-60 years obtained from Al-Sader Medical City, Al-Hakeem hospital,
Al-Furat Al-Awsat Hospital and Al-Zahraa hospital. Diagnosis of the parasite was done by using Modified Kinyoun AcidFast stain (cold method).The total percentage of positive result was 58% .There was no significant difference (P>0.5)
between male and female infection 16 (55.2%) and 13(44.8%) respectively, also high infection rate was recorded among
ages between 1-10 years 11(22%) with significance difference (P less than 0.5). The highest rates of infection in this study were
7(24.1%) in March and lower rate of infection was in January 4(13.8%).
Use Powder of Earthworm to Increase Growth and Spores Numbers of Two Species of Fungi (Aspergillus niger and Pencillium expansum)
Authors: Falih Nebrass , Hassan Zaid Naji , Hussein Moayad Salih
Published: June 2019

The present study prepars various concentrations of dried earthworm powder from ( 200 – 250 – 300 – 350 – 400 – 450 -
500) mg / ml used to increase the growth of Aspergillus nigerandPencillium expansum and the spore number , the result
show the growth of A.niger and the spore number more than P. expansumin all concentrations along the period of
experiment and analysis show differences significant ( p˂ 0.05 ) among the different concentrations of earthworm
powder.
Cloning and Expression of Recombinant Human Insulin Gene in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Abdulkareem Rafid A.
Published: June 2019

The main goal of the current study was cloning and expression of the human insulin gene in Pichia pastoris expression system, using genetic engineering techniques and its treatment application. Total RNA was purified from fresh normal human pancreatic tissue. RNA of good quality was chosen to obtain a first single strand cDNA. Human preproinsulin
gene was amplified from cDNA strand, by using two sets of specific primers contain EcoR1 and Notl restriction sites.
The amplified preproinsulin gene fragment was double digested with EcoRI and Not 1 restriction enzymes, then inserted
into pPIC9K expression vector. The new pPIC9K-hpi constructive expression vector was transformed by the heat-shock
method into the E.coli DH5α competent cells. pPic9k –hpi, which was propagated in the positive transformant E. coli
cells, was isolated from cells and then linearised by restriction enzyme SalI, then transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115
using electroporation method. Genomic DNA of His+ transformants cell was extracted and used as a template for PCR
analysis. The results showed, that the pPic9k – hpi was successfully integrated into the P. pastoris genome, for selected
His+ transformants clones on the anticipated band at 330 bp, which is corresponded to the theoretical molecular size of
the human insulin gene. To follow the insulin expression in transformans, Tricine–SDS gel electrophoresis and Western
blot analysis were conducted. The results showed a successful expression of recombinant protein was detected by the
presence of a single major band with about (5.8 KDa) on the gel. These bands correspond well with the size of human
insulin with the theoretical molecular weight (5.8 KDa).
Effect of Turmeric and Ginger on Lipid Profile in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Al-Rekabi Eman A. , Alomer Dheyaa K. , Al-Muswie Rana Talib , Al-Fartosi Khalid G.
Published: June 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric and ginger on lipid profile of male rats exposed to oxidative
stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2 at a concentration of 1% given with consumed drinking water to male rats.
Methods: 200 mg/kg from turmeric and ginger were used, and the animals were treatment for 30 days. Results: the results
showed a significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein
(VLDL), whereas it explained a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) of male rats exposed to oxidative
stress when compared with control group. the results showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, (LDL),
(VLDL), whereas it explained a significant increase in (HDL) of rats treated with turmeric and ginger at dose 200 mg/kg
when compared with male rats exposed to oxidative stress.
Histological Comparative of Kidney of Neonatal Mice Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles During Fetal Development
Authors: Mohammed Salih Najat F. , Al-Nakeeb Gazwa D.
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to compare the histological changes in the neonatal kidney after their mothers exposed to different doses
of silver nanoparticles colloidal solution (AgNPs) during the three stages of pregnancy. Pregnant Swiss albino mice (n=60)
were randomly divided into three treated groups. They were intraperitoneally injected with AgNPs for 7 days during each
stage of the gestational period. The newborn mice were sacrificed immediately after the birth, and the kidneys were being
collected for histopathological analysis. The results showed that the AgNPs caused histological changes in the neonatal
kidneys; vacuolation of some renal vesicles and cortical tubules, cystic tubular dilation, glomerular tuft shrinkage, and
focal tubular necrosis in the first week-dose exposed pregnant. Disintegrating of immature glomeruli, distention of
Bowman’s space of mature glomeruli, tubular necrosis, loss of renal parenchyma, medullar tubules containing hyaline
casts, and subcapsular haemorrhage in the second week-dose exposed pregnant. Massive hypercellularity in the deeper part
of the renal cortex, cortical and medullary tubules dilation, atrophy of subcapsular immature tubules, cortical cyst
formation, glomerular tuft necrosis, dilation of Bowman’s space with evidence of crescent formation, and medullar portion
replaced by scant loose connective tissue containing few numbers of tubules the third week-dose exposed pregnant. The
results showed that the AgNPs has more negative effects on the kidney development at the third week-high dose and
comparing the histological changes in the neonatal kidney were appeared in a time-depended manner and in a dosedepended manner. More researches must be carried out to obtain better understanding of AgNPs toxicity on fetal
development and its ability as a teratogenic agent to induce external and internal abnormalities in the fetus.
Bioactivity of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Strawberry against Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm
Authors: Hussein Baydaa , Aldhaher Zainab A. , Abdu-Allah Shahrazad Najem , Hamdan Adel
Published: June 2019

Background: Biofilm is a bacterial way of life prevalent in the world of microbes; in addition to that it is a source of alarm
in the field of health concern. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for all opportunistic
infections such as chronic and severe. Aim of this study: This paper aims to provide an overview of the promotion of
isolates to produce a biofilm in vitro under special circumstances, to expose certain antibiotics to produce phenotypic
evaluation of biofilm bacteria. Methods and Materials: Three diverse ways were used to inhibited biofilm formation of
P.aeruginosa by effect of phenolic compounds extracts from strawberries. Isolates produced biofilm on agar MacConkey
under certain circumstances. Results: The results showed that all isolates were resistant to antibiotics except sensitive to
azithromycin (AZM, 15μg), and in this study was conducted on three ways to detect the biofilm produced, has been detected
by the biofilm like Tissue culture plate (TCP), Tube method (TM), Congo Red Agar (CRA). These methods gave a clear
result of these isolates under study. Active compounds were analyzed in both extracts by Gas Chromatography-mass
Spectrometry which indicate High molecular weight compound with a long hydrocarbon chain. Conclusion: Phenolic
compounds could behave as bioactive material and can be useful to be used in pharmaceutical synthesis. Phenolic contents
which found in leaves and fruits extracts of strawberries shows antibacterial activity against all strains tested by the ability
to reduce the production of biofilm formation rate.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterizations of Non-Biofilm Producer Porphyromonas gingivalis Associated with Periodontitis in Al-Najaf, Al-Ashraf/Iraq
Authors: Hussain Hiba Redha , Al-Yasseen Ahlam Kadhum
Published: June 2019

This study aims to investigate the correlation between some virulence factors and biofilm production among
Porphyromonas gingivalis associated with periodontitis. One hundred and two sub gingival swabs have been collected
from patients suffering from acute and chronic periodontitis admitted to Specialty Dental center in the Holy city of Najaf
and specialized clinics in the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Kufa from both sexes during the period from
September 2017 to January 2018. A total of 34 isolates (28.43%) were identified as P. gingivalis by amplification of 16S
rRNA using PCR technique. luxS, lux pro and lux down genes were investigated and the results of PCR showed that none
of the strains were possess luxS, 3 strains of P. gingivalis were possess lux pro and 2 strains of P. gingivalis were possess
lux dwn. Only 10 strains of P. gingivalis were selected for detection of some virulence factors. The results showed that
all strains were unable to produce biofilm with variant abilities of bacterial strains for autoaggregation have been
observed (decrease in O.D of bacterial growth after 1 hr. of incubation), and one strain gave +ve results for
hemagglutination.
Report on Antidiabetic, Diuretic and Analgesic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Strychnos colubrina L.an Endangered Medicinal Plant
Authors: A. Indira Priyadarsini , Basha2 S K M , I S Chakrapani , Devamma M Nagalakshmi
Published: June 2019

Strychnos colubrina L. belongs to family Loganiaceae was known as snake wood tree.The methanolic extracts from Strychnos colubrina L. leave collected from different provinces in Penchalakona of Nellore district were prepared by
decoction and maceration with methanol and evaluated for their antidiabetic, diuretic and analgesic activities. Methanolic
extracts from Strychnos colubrina L. leaves (SCM) were evaluated for anti diabetic effect in Streptozocin (STZ) induced
diabetes in rats. The blood sugar levels were analysed as indices of diabetes. 200 mg/kg b.w. of the extract showed a
greater reduction in blood glucose level which was comparable to glibenclamide. To find out diuretic efficacy, SCM of
leaves were administered to experimental rats orally at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and compared with Furosemide (20
mg/kg,o.p) as the standard. The rats treated with SCM of leaves in a dose of 200 mg/kg shown near similar urine output
and electrolytes excretion when compared to the respective control. The analgesic activity of SCM of leaves is estimated
using tail flick in mice. Results demonstrated that SCM of leaves exhibited a potent dose-dependent analgesic activity in
all tested models for analgesia. This report could be used for medicinal and pharmaceutical exploration in the future.
Collation, Compilation and Comparison of GLP Compliance Requirements to Support Regulatory Approvals for Select Category of Pharmaceutical Products in Selected Countries
Authors: V. Balamuralidhara M. , Devaraju Kaushik , S. Karthik , Venkatesh M. P.
Published: June 2019

The present study activity to shed light on to the role of the GLP inspections which is helps to overcoming non-compliance
activity. The objective of the present study is to identify the GLP inspection and understanding the underlying concepts for
GLP compliance for licenses pertaining to Pre-Clinical study. The study compared and contrasted the GLP requirements
and their inspection procedure of the regulatory authorities in India, EU and Singapore.
Molecular Identification of Talaromyces islandicus Isolated from Clinical Sample (First Record in Iraq)
Authors: Al-Mansour Wafaa K.
Published: June 2019

The analysis of ITS4 gene sequences has been the technique generally used to study and confirm the identification and
taxonomy of fungi However, fungal species cannot always be distinguished from each other using cultural methods.
Thus, clinical samples were collected from cases with aspergillosis infections, were applied for microbiological and
molecular identification. DNA was extracted from Talaromyces islandicus and the ITS4 gene were amplified by using
specific primer, then sequencing of nucleic acid of genes was performed by machine is AB13730XL, Applied Biosystem,
Macro gen company, the DNA sequencing results of flank sense of ITS4 gene from Talaromyces islandicus was confirm
the identification into species level: Talaromyces islandicus. analysis of the sequences appeared that there two
substitution (Transversion, Transition) in the Talaromyces islandicus strain with Sequence ID LC540.1 location at Range
of nucleotide from 9 to 77, 100% compatibility with NCBI while no substitution appeared in the Talaromyces islandicus
Gene Bank accession number: KY30.1.
Synthesis, Spectral and Antimicrobial Investigation of 2-(Naphthalenel-ylamino)-2- Phenylacetonitrile and 1, 10-Phenanthroline with Five Divalent Transition Metal Ions
Authors: Al-Amery1 Mohammed , Rasheed Ashraf Saad , Najeeb Dina A.
Published: June 2019

Five new mixed ligand metal complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of divalent transition metal ions (Hg, Ni, Zn, Cu and Cd) with 2-(naphthalen-l-ylamino)-2-phenylacetonitrile (L1
) and 1,10-phenanthroline (L2). The coordination likelihood of the two ligands toward metal ions has been suggested in the light of elemental analysis, UV-Vis spectra, FTIR, 1H-NMR, flam atomic absorption, molar conductance and magnetic studies. Results data suggest that the octahedral geometry for all the prepared complexes. Antibacterial examination of synthesized complexes in vitro was performed against four bacterias. Firstly, Gram-negative bacteria namely, Pseudomonas aerugin and Escherichia. Secondly,
Gram-positive bacteria namely, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcuaurouss. Results data exhibit that the synthesized complexes exhibited more biological activity than tetracycline pharmaceutical.
The Safety and Efficacy of Mupirocin Topical Spray for Burn Wound Healing in A Rat Model
Authors: Rutthapol Sritharadol , Charisopon Chunhachaichana , Sukanjana Kumlungmak , Wilaiporn Buatong , Janwit Dechraksa , Tan Suwandecha , Somchai Sriwiriyajan , Jongdee Nopparat , Teerapol1 Srichana
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effect of mupirocin topical spray on burn wound healing in a rat model. Fifteen male Sprague
Dawley rats were used to create full-thickness burns on the rat dorsum using a cylindrical stainless steel rod. The rats
were topically treated with normal saline solution (NSS), mupirocin spray, ointment, and solution. The wound size and
morphological evaluation were investigated by photographs and clinical criterions for wound healing. The histology was
observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HandE) staining assay. The immunohistochemical study was evaluated by detection
of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and the ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to the tissue inhibitor of
matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-9/TIMP-1) was quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
assay. A complete healing was observed at 28 days in all treatments. Mupirocin formulations accelerated the wound
healing faster than NSS in size. However, the clinical criteria indicated a desirable skin appearance in the mupirocin
spray and ointment treated groups. The histological evaluations showed no differences between the treatments while the
immunohistochemical study revealed that all treatments reduced the level of TGF-β1 over time, particularly on day 28 in
the mupirocin spray and ointment treated groups. The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was significantly lower in the mupirocin
spray and ointment treated groups than in the NSS and mupirocin solution groups. This study shows the safety and
efficacy in the use of mupirocin topical spray. The topical mupirocin spray is an alternative suitable for development as a
human topical anti-infective and wound protection spray.
Karakterisasi Sifat Fisik Batupasir Daerah Jantho dan Krueng Raya Menggunakan Uji Gelombang Ultrasonik
Authors: Marwan Marwan , Rifqan Rifqan , Syamsudin Fadhli
Published: June 2019

Penelitian sifat fisik batupasir daerah Jantho dan Krueng Raya dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik batuan masing-masing daerah. Karakteristik batuan diamati melalui respon gelombang ultrasonik pada dua frekuensi berbeda untuk mengetahui nilai cepat rambat dan atenuasi gelombang. Sifat fisis yang diukur meliputi porositas, specific gravity, dan koefesien absorpsi. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan nilai porositas batupasir daerah Jantho dan Krueng Raya memiliki nilai rata-rata 22% dan 25%. Respon cepat rambat yang dihasilkan pada sampel K16 (𝜙=2,86%) dan K33 (𝜙=8%) pada input frekuensi 1MHz bernilai 4040 m/s dan 3797 m/s, serta koefisien atenuasi bernilai 1,824. Sedangkan, respon cepat rambat yang diperoleh pada sampel Jantho tidak terdeteksi pada instrumen pengukuran. Keterbatasan penguatan sinyal dan tingginya kadar prositas tiap sampel berpengaruh besar pada tiap parameter yang diukur. Peninjauan terhadap jenis sampel yang lebih homogen dapat membantu pengamatan respon gelombang yang lebih baik.
Prototipe Alat Ukur Curah Hujan Berbasis Sensor Reed Switch dengan Antarmuka Website
Authors: Muid Abdul , Zen Mahavira , Adriat Riza
Published: June 2019

Pengukuran curah hujan diperlukan untuk berbagai hal di negara tropis seperti Indonesia. Alat ukur curah hujan yang ada saat ini yang bekerja secara real time, dapat mengirim data ke komputer masih relatif mahal dan tidak portabel. Pada penelitian ini, telah dibuat prototipe alat ukur curah hujan berbasis sensor reed switch dengan penakar curah hujan tipe tipping bucket menggunakan mikrokontroler arduino yang mudah diperoleh dengan biaya murah dan bersifat portabel. Sinyal sensor reed switch dihubungkan ke arduino mega untuk diproses menjadi data curah hujan dan dikirim ke web server menggunakan ethernet shield. Data kemudian diunduh dan diolah menjadi bentuk grafik dan ditampilkan pada halaman website. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa alat memiliki resolusi sebesar 0,285 mm dan mampu menghitung curah hujan pada luasan 125,62 cm2 dengan error sebesar 1,36%.
Pengaruh Gelombang pada Perubahan Garis Pantai di Perairan Batu Burung Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Apriansyah Apriansyah , Kushadijayanto Arie Antasari , Risko Risko
Published: June 2019

Kawasan Batu Burung Singkawang merupakan perairan yang berhadapan langsung dengan laut Natuna yang mempunyai perbedaan kondisi geografis dan merupakan wilayah dengan topografi yang cukup datar dengan kemiringan antara 0-8% pada ketinggian antara 0-12 meter di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi parameter tinggi, frekuensi dan energi gelombang yang terjadi serta menganalisis perubahan garis pantai yang terjadi di perairan Batu Burung Singkawang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2018 di peraian Batu Burung Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat. Data gelombang, arus dan pasang surut diperoleh berdasarkan observasi lapangan selama 15 hari. Selanjutnya data citra satelit yang digunakan adalah Citra Landsat 8 dengan interval dari tahun 2008-2017 dan untuk data kecepatan angin diperoleh dari European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) dengan interval waktu yang sama. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tinggi gelombang signifikan (Hs) diperoleh nilai ketinggian maksimal hingga 0.13 meter dengan frekuensi gelombang antara 0.12 – 0.71 Hz dan energi gelombang yang didapatkan sebesar 21.87 Joule/m.  Besarnya energi gelombang yang dihasilkan mengakibatkan perubahan garis pantai di lokasi penelitian ini. Hasil ini dibuktikan dengan analisis berdasarkan data citra satelit bahwa perubahan garis pantai pada interval waktu  2008-2017 yang dibagi menjadi dua grid area (grid A dan B) dimana terjadi pergeseran garis pantai ke arah darat berkisar antara 3.8-16.4 meter dan akresi dengan jarak garis pantai ke arah laut berkisar antara 1-39.8 meter sepanjang 2.03 km garis pantai (grid A).  Kemudian pergeseran garis pantai ke arah darat berkisar antara 2.6-36.6 meter dan akresi dengan jarak garis pantai ke arah laut berkisar antara 3.2-18 meter sepanjang 2.12 km garis pantai (grid B).
Identifikasi Karakteristik Mesoscale Convective Complex (MCC) di Wilayah Tual: Studi Kasus Hujan Lebat 18 Januari 2019
Authors: Saragih Rino Wijatmiko
Published: June 2019

Pada artikel ini, dilakukan identifikasi Mesoscale Convective Complex (MCC) di wilayah Tual. MCC adalah sistem konveksi awan skala-meso yang dicirikan oleh bentuk pola besar, berdurasi panjang, dan semi-melingkar. Keberadaan MCC dapat mengakibatkan hujan lebat dan berdurasi panjang serta dapat mengakibatkan banjir. MCC dideteksi menggunakan citra satelit kanal inframerah dengan algoritma yang dibangun berdasarkan karakteristik dari MCC berupa tutupan awan, eksentrisitas, dan durasi keberadaan awan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunujukan bahwa hujan lebat pada tanggal 18 Januari 2019 di wilayah Tual tercatat 74 mm dalam sehari terjadi akibat adanya MCC pada wilayah tersebut. Hasil akhir dari analisis algoritma pengolah citra awan berbasis data satelit pada studi kasus mampu menghasilkan koordinat lintang dan bujur lokasi MCC saat fase tumbuh, matang dan punah, yang muncul di wilayah Tual.
Development and radiographical evaluation of floating tablets with combination of Amoxicillin Trihydrate and Ranitidine Hydrochloride
Authors: Parepalli Srikanth  , Hemalatha S  , Suggala Venkata Satyanarayana
Published: June 2019

Stomach Specific Floating Tablets (SSFT) with a combination of Amoxicillin-Trihydrate (AT) and Ranitidine Hydrochloride (RH) were developed by using different grades of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMCK) (i.e.HPMCK 100M, HPMCK4M and HPMCK15M), to treat patients with H. pylori-infected duodenal ulcer. Floating tablets were prepared by direct compression method, developed formulations were evaluated for different pre-compression and post-compression parameters like angle of repose, compressibility index, hardness, weight variation, floating lag time, content uniformity, and in-vitro drug release. In-Vitro release of two drugs (Amoxicillin-Trihydrate and Ranitidine hydrochloride) from the developed formulation was estimated by the Simultaneous Estimation method (Vierordt's Method). The optimized formulation was subjected to Radio graphical evaluation by incorporating the BaSO4, a radio-opaque substance by replacing a part of the drug from the optimized formulation of into the formulation and then it was administered to the healthy human volunteers to find out the in-vivo residence time. In-vivo X-ray studies were conducted both in fed condition, as well as fasted condition the optimized formulation showed a gastric residence time of more in fed state than that of fasting state. From these studies it was clearly observed that the floating tablets should be given to patients after a standard food and with frequent intake of water.
Chemotherapy and Dyslipidemia (Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide Regimen versus Taxane) in Iraqi Women with Breast Cancer: A Compara-tive Study
Authors: Zainab Nazar Hassan Anber  , Basil Oied Mohammed Saleh  , Eisa Raad Jasim
Published: June 2019

Lipids are a major component of the cell membrane, essential for the growth and division of both the normal and malignant cell. This study aimed to study the effect of different chemotherapy regimens in the induction of dyslipidemia in Iraqi women with breast cancer. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, University of Baghdad and at the Oncology Hospital, Medical City Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, during the period from May 2018 to October 2018. It involved 56 regularly menstruated women (25-45 years) categorized into: group 1 [G1] included 29 women with primary breast carcinoma, group 2 [G2] consisted of the same 29 women of G1 but after finishing the first course of treatment [4 cycles of anthracycline chemotherapy], and group 3 [G3] which involved 27 women who completed full regimen of chemotherapy treatment [course 1 and 4 cycles of taxanes; the course 2]. Serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and TG were measured using colorimetric methods. The mean (± SEM) of serum cholesterol was significantly increased in G1 (p< 0.05) and G2 (p<0.01) compared to G3. Also, the mean values of serum LDL-C were significantly elevated in G2 than G1 and G3 (p<0.05). Serum TG level showed no significant differences among the three groups. While that of serum HDL-C levels was significantly decreased in G3 compared to G1 (p<0.05), this study showed that breast cancer chemotherapy-associated dyslipidemia is transient, and anthracycline course has a significant effect than Taxane one.
Design, synthesis, characterization and antitubercular activity of some nov-el 2, 4-disubstituted thiazole derivatives
Authors: Gobala Krishnan P  , Gnanaprakash K  , Chandrasekhar KB
Published: June 2019

Literature reviews reveal that thiazole and pyrazine carboxamide derivatives exhibit anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-tubercular activities due to the presence of –S-C=N- and-CO–NH- moiety. A series of thiazolyl pyrazine carboxamide derivatives (5a-j) were synthesized by condensation reaction between 2-amino, 4-substituted phenyl 2-amino thiazole and pyrazine 2-carboxylic acid. These synthesized thiazole derivatives (5a-j) were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), H37Rv using microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA). The compound, 5c and 5h showed high anti-mycobacterial activity with MIC value of 6.25 µg/ml, and the compound 5g also exhibited anti-mycobacterial activity with MIC value of 12.50 µg/ml. Molecular docking studies of these synthesized molecules with b-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase (KasA) protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have been carried out to understand the mechanism of anti-mycobacterial action.
Music and Its Familiarity Affection on Audience Decision Making
Authors: Khan Syazwani Mahsal , Hamid Assoc. Prof. Dr. Norsiah Abdul , Rashid Dr. Sabrina Mohd
Published: June 2019

This article discuss a problem regarding the lack of using familiar music and its effect on audience decision making to buy advertised products or services. This study is to help the experts to maintain young audience focus while selling their products or services more effective using the familiar music in the advertisement content. The utilization method used for this study was in-depth interview, involved with ten informants which covered experts from academicians, advertising practitioners and musicians. It based on snowball sampling, because not all these experts have the knowledge on this issue. The Elaboration Likelihood Model was applied to show the process of decision making. Thematic analysis used to analyze two themes emerged from this study; Repetition of Musical Tone as Remembrance. This study may provide contribution in terms of ideas for music and advertising industry producing familiar catchy musical sound for their purpose.

 
Determinants of Attitudes Towards Web Advertising: An Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Rahimi Nur Syuhada , Mohamad Dr. Bahtiar , Alhaiou Talhat , Raza Syed Hassan
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors which influence of the consumer’s Attitudes Towards Web Advertisement (ATWA). Drawing conceptual framework from Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), the influence of the six independent variables have been analyzed in this study, including informativeness, entertainment, credibility, economic value, interactivity, and materialism. The data has been obtained from 384 Honda users by using online questionnaires. Results of multiple regression analysis have revealed that all six factors influenced the attitude towards Honda web advertising. However, it has been revealed that the informativeness is a most important predictor of the ATWA. This study has shown that Elaboration Likelihood Model is interrelated with the determinants of consumer's attitudes towards Honda web advertisement and offered managerial implication.
Strategic Factors for Building Brand Equity: Jordan Medical Tourism
Authors: Shriedeh Fayez Bassam
Published: June 2019

Building a brand with strong equity is a vital element for differentiation and competitiveness, especially in today’s highly competitive medical tourism. The literature indicated that Jordan has weak medical tourism brand equity. The contribution of customer relationship management and service quality in developing brand equity can’t be ignored. Studies on marketing activities towards building brand equity remain limited. Accordingly, 650 self-administrated questionnaires were distributed to outpatient medical tourists in Amman’s five biggest hospitals using systematic sampling. After screening, 454 surveys were used for analysis using structural equation modelling. The results indicated that customer relationship management significantly impacted service quality and brand equity. Service quality strongly influenced brand equity, and brand equity was enhanced indirectly through service quality. This study highlighted the importance of such factors on brand equity-building activities in Jordanian medical tourism context. Further research is recommended to expand the proposed model.
A Comparison of China and Malaysia in International Business Negotiation
Authors: Pin Lick Soo Hoo
Published: June 2019

The real negotiation world particularly cross-cultural negotiation is very challenging and competitive compared to domestic negotiation as each party needs to have cultural intelligence when it comes to international business environment. As many companies are going global, seeking international growth as an importer-exporter, international business negotiation skills are very much needed. The participants in this study were Chinese and Malaysian business negotiators involved in China-Malaysia business. One hundred questionaires were conducted by sending emails or through WeChat to the participants who are based in China. In fact, China’s One Belt One Road’s plan has created plenty of opportunities for Malaysia to collaborate with Chinese government officials and business leaders in different areas. Based on our analysis, we found that between the two groups of Chinese and Malaysian business negotiators, interdependent self-contrual mediated the relation between cultural norms and interaction goals.
The Role of Anonymity in the Flaming Activity on YouTube in Malaysia
Authors: Lingam Revathy Amadera , Aripin Dr. Norizah
Published: June 2019

The term flaming refers to offensive language such as swearing, insults and hating comments. Anonymity renders an environment that encourages irresponsible acts by people to display offensive behaviors. The aim of this study is to examine the role of anonymity in the flaming activity in Malaysia. The Uses and gratification Theory was proposed in order to explain flaming and its relation to anonymity. In-depth interview was conducted with 10 flamers of YouTube and the data was analyzed thematically. The results concludes that most of the flamers kept their identity anonymous due privacy concerns and for the freedom of speech. The rest of the flamers used their real name as a form of publicity, identity defining and to boost their self-confidence. This study contributes practically in the enrichment of the data on flaming for the concerning parties such as Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, and Cyber Security Malaysia.
Effect of heat treatment and enzymatic protein hydrolysis on the degree of
hydrolysis and physicochemical properties of edible bird’s nest
Authors: M.A. Amiza , D. Khuzma , Liew P.S. , M. Salma Malihah , Sarbon N.M.
Published: June 2019

This study reported the effect of heat treatment and protein enzymatic hydrolysis on the
degree of hydrolysis (DH) and physicochemical properties of edible bird’s nest (EBN).
The EBN samples were subjected to eleven different processing treatments which were
control EBN (raw), 30 mins normal boiled EBN (NB30); 30 mins normal boiled EBN
followed with protein hydrolysis using 1% Alcalase® (NB30H); 60 mins normal boiled
EBN (NB60); 60 mins normal boiled EBN followed with protein hydrolysis using 1%
Alcalase® (NB60H); 60 mins slow cooked EBN (SC60); 60 mins slow cooked EBN
followed with protein hydrolysis using 1% Alcalase® (SC60H); 120 mins slow cooked
EBN (SC120); 120 mins slow cooked EBN followed with protein hydrolysis using 1%
Alcalase® (SC120H); autoclaved EBN at 121oC for 15 mins (A); autoclaved EBN at
121oC for 15 mins followed with protein hydrolysis using 1% Alcalase® (AH). The
treated EBN samples were then freeze dried prior to further analysis. This study found that
heat treatment alone produced EBN sample with lower DH (5.84% to 14.54%) as
compared to those undergone combined heat treatment and enzymatic protein hydrolysis
(12.16% to 22.59%). EBN samples in this study gave solubility of 4.52 - 87.11%, water
holding capacity of 3.82 - 17.9 mL/g, oil holding capacity of 4.87 - 7.65 mL/g,
emulsifying capacity of 18.08 - 56.15%, emulsifying stability of 12.03 - 50.34%, foaming
capacity of 0.75 - 359%, foaming stability (after 60 mins) of 58.89 - 96.39% and viscosity
(for 1 - 10% EBN sample) of 26.67 - 7526.67 mPa.s. It was found that there was a positive
correlation between DH and solubility, emulsifying capacity and emulsifying stability of
EBN samples. However, a negative correlation was found between DH and water holding
capacity and viscosity of EBN samples. Furthermore, there was no correlation between
DH and oil holding capacity and colour profiles. Thus, this study shows that heat
treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of EBN can be tailored to achieve a certain degree of
hydrolysis and physicochemical properties.
Torsional behavior of thin section glass fiber/epoxy composite filament wound tubes: Numerical modelling
Authors: BULUT Mehmet
Published: June 2019

Torsional behavior of thin section glass/epoxy composite pipes was analyzed to study the failure and fracture characteristics based on Hashin’s damage criterion. The variation of shearing stress histories was investigated according to different twisting angles ( θ=20, 40, 60,80,  and 100). For this purpose, composite pipes were modelled by using ABAQUS/explicit subroutine, their stress and force values whether resulting in failure or not as well as failure types in the modelled composites pipes were analyzed within the constant time of the numerical analysis. Results showed that increasing of twist angles by 80 and 100 caused the high amount of shearing failures in the composite pipes while other twist angles did not effected on damage mechanisms over the samples. In addition, increment of the twisting angle after the certain value (θ=60) resulted a slightly increase in force, and followed a force fluctuations after the peak load, implying brittle nature of composite sample.
Serum ferritin and iron profile in helicobacter pylori infected young adult male reporting at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: - Arshad , Kumar Suresh , Hingorjo Bilawal , Maheshwari Nathumal , - Rewachand , Fatima Saher
Published: June 2019

Objectives: Determination of serum ferritin and iron profile in Helicobacter pylori infected young adult male reporting at a tertiary care hospital of Sindh. Study Design: Case control study. Study Setting & Duration: Department of Medicine, Layari General Hospital Shaheed Muhtrama Benazir Bhutto Medical College from January 2015 to February 2016. Study Subjects and Methods: 100 cases (H. pylori stool specific antigen positive) and 100 controls (H pylori negative) were selected and studied. 5 ml blood was collected in a disposable syringe by venesection. 2 ml was put in EDTA tubes and 3 ml was centrifuged (3000 x rpm for 10 minutes). Sera were used for the estimation of iron profile. Elisa assay method (Fortress diagnostics) detected the H. pylori stool specific antigen (HpSA). Data was analyzed on SPSS 22.0 (USA) at 95% CI (P≤ 0.05). Results: Age of control and cases was noted 35.48±4.79 and 33.60±3.96 years (P=0.053). Hb, Hct and RBC counts were low in cases (P=0.0001) significantly. Serum iron (Fe++), ferritin and TIBC in controls and cases were noted 152.72±6.08 and 118.79±43.30 μg/dl, 394.34±136.50 and 529.87±101.0 ng/dl, & 140.80±19.99 and 130.88±28.46 μg/dl respectively (P=0.0001) (Table-I). Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection causes iron malabsorption as detected by serum iron and ferritin and total iron binding capacity in young adult male.
Needle stick injury reporting among surgeons in tertiary hospitals of Lahore
Authors: Younis Muhammad Umar , Hassan Shah Syed Faraz-ul- , Muzafar Aliya , Sarwar Muhammad Zeeshan , Rehman Fakeha , Hameed Samreen , Naumeri Fatima
Published: June 2019

Background: Needle stick injuries have a fairly common incidence in surgical practice exposing surgeons to an array of transmissible diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of needle stick injury, and their reporting among surgeons in tertiary hospital setting. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Various tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Period: January 2016 through April, 2016. Methods: Our sample size was 935 Surgeons. We determined the prevalence of needle stick injuries, reporting of NSI, the reasons for not reporting and the reasons for acquired injuries. Results: Needle stick injury was reported by only 85 (9.1%) participants. The reasons for not reporting varied; 363 (38.8%) did not report due to unawareness of the existence of a relevant system, 250 (26.7%) did not know whom to report, 86 (9.2%) were not able to spare time to report, 81 (8.7%) were afraid of results, 48 (5.1%) thought that patient was low risk and 107 (11.4%) did not bother. Conclusion: There was a lack of hospital policy to cater to the reporting of injuries sustained during surgical practice. A dire need for a system was observed to educate the healthcare workers and provide a medium to assist the process of reporting.
Noise stress on female mice impair oocyte developmental potential.
Authors: Yousaf Maria , Kundi Hina , Qamar Abdullah
Published: June 2019

Objectives: To find out the effects of noise stress on variations in number of ovarian follicles in mice. Study Design: Randomized control trial, laboratory based. Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy department, Army Medical College Rawalpindi, it was conducted from April to May 2014. Material and Method: 20 adult mice (BALBc strain) female weighing 25-27 grams were taken for this study on day first of their estrous cycle. Two groups comprising of 10 rats each were made. Control group was given name tag of group A and was kept in animal house under normal heathy environment for one month. Noise stress of 100 decibels for 06 hours per day for one month was given to experimental group B. Mice were dissected after 1 month. Mice right ovaries were examined for size, shape, color and weight. The specimen were processed and embedded. Hematoxyline and Eosin stained slides were prepared for histological study. Follicular count (primary, secondary and tertiary follicles) was done and noted. For statistical analysis SPSS 20 was used. The tests applied was independent sample’s t test for descriptive statistics. Results: There was a significant decrease in primary, secondary/antral and graafian follicular count in the ovary of Group B (Experimental). Conclusion: The noise stress prominently affected the follicular count in ovaries of noise stress treated group.
The effects of window display construal on internal reactions and behavioral intentions
Authors: Lecointre-Erickson Danielle
Published: June 2019

The objective of the study presented in this paper is to examine the effects of window-display construal on cognitive and affective responses as well as on behavioral intentions. A high-construal vs.  low-construal design was carried out in a laboratory experiment over the period of one month. The findings suggest positive effects of construal level on behavioral intentions and negative mediation effects of cognition on subsequent responses.
STUDY ON FORMULATION OF POLYURETHANE/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON PALM OIL POLYOL
Authors: Rihayat Teuku , Mustapha Saari B. , Mahmood Mohd Hilmi B , Wan Yunus Wan MD Zin , Rashid Suraya Abdul , Zaman B Khairul , Hj. Mohd. Dahlan Hj. Mohd. Dahlan
Published: June 2019

A novel segmented polyurethane/clay nanocomposites has been synthesized by polyurethane based on palm oil and Kunipia-F as organoclay with an ammonium salt of cetyltrimetyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). In this investigation, we give much interest to synthesis of polyurethane/clay based on palm oil as raw materials for polyols to open new era for partial replacement of petrochemical based polyol with palm oil based polyols. Surprising, we got the polyurethane elastomer after along time polyurethane based on palm oil only using in coating applications. However, it is the first report in investigation about polyurethane/clay nanocomposites based on palm oil. Polyurethane/clay nanocomposites were prepared by a pre-polymer method and evaluated by fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction measurements (X-RD) respectively.Keywords : Nanocomposite, polyurethane, synthesis, palm oil