bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crisis resource management in relation to empowering people to speak up in emergency medical service clinical practice settings
Authors: Gangaram Padarath , Menacho Aldo Mendoza , Alinier Guillaume
Published: February 2017

Teamwork and effective communication have been identified as key principles in Crisis Resource Management (CRM) in the context of emergency care medicine. The aim of CRM is to ultimately improve patient safety and prevent at-risk situations or events. These principles optimise patient safety and benefits.

Pre-hospital emergency care in Qatar is provided by the national Ambulance Service (HMCAS). Their operations are labour intensive, and depend on the professional readiness and communication of their culturally diverse practitioners. Structures within HMCAS are hierarchical, which may be a deterrent to effective communication in Qatar. Emergency medical care (EMC) practitioners may not be forthcoming with their concerns to the detriment of patient safety. These factors can create an environment which is not conducive to effective communication, and may inherently suppress free expression of speech in emergency situations and day-to-day working practices.

Managers should therefore be encouraged to create an environment whereby practitioners can speak up, irrespective of culture, nationality, or the presence of more senior or experienced colleagues.

CRM principles are well incorporated as part of the EMC's orientation programme and specialised professional development courses. Regular training involving all role players (including supervisors) in different settings, and appropriately simulated scenarios that call for application of CRM principles is required to further improve the quality of EMC service in Qatar.
Paramedics and their role in end-of-life care: perceptions and confidence
Authors: Kirk Andrew , Crompton Philip W , Knighting Katherine , Kirton Jennifer , Jack Barbara
Published: February 2017

Background:

Studies have highlighted paramedics are inadequately prepared to care for patients who are at the end of their life, due to the historical focus of their training on acute medical management. This appears to cause conflict with paramedic perceptions of their role.

Objective:

To gain an understanding of paramedics' perceptions, confidence and concerns towards dealing with end of life care patients and their families.

Design:

An online survey comprising open and closed questions was distributed to all paramedics in a regional ambulance service in the north of England. Demographic data included: National Health Service (NHS) grade, personal experience, education and training to contextualise the data. A total population sample across differing organisational roles was used for paramedics in a regional ambulance service in the north of England. Responses were obtained from 182 staff.

Results:

NHS grade and length of service as a paramedic influenced the participant's confidence and concerns when dealing with end of life patients. A large number of participants (n=126, 70%) identified validity of documentation as a concern with 83 (46%) highlighting fear of litigation and 90 (50%) identifying that conflict with families was a concern. Support from other services was viewed as a contributing factor to increased paramedic involvement in end of life care.

Conclusion:

Most paramedics viewed end of life care as central to their role, but there was a need for further specific education to help enable paramedics to feel more confident, competent and supported in ensuring patients receive optimal care.
Keterkaitan antara Pola Keterampilan Berpikir dengan Penguasaan Konsep Siswa pada Pembelajaran Strategi Metakognisi Berbantuan Thinking Map
Authors: Puspitasari Dyne Rizki , Yuliati Lia , Kusairi Sentot
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this research is to analyze relationship between thinking skill pattern and students’ conceptual acquisition on metacognitive strategy assisted by thinking map. This mixed method research (embedded experimental design) was conducted at junior high school students and used conceptual acquisition test (posttest) and observation paper. The observation paper was used to analyze students’ thinking skill pattern by using thinking map. The result of this research showed that students who had high thinking skill pattern reached
high conceptual acquisition score too. This physics conceptual acquisition score showed students’ cognitive process grade. Conclusion of this research is the relationship between thinking skill pattern and junior high school students’ physics conceptual acquisition is exist.
Traprock Transformation into Clayey Materials in Soil Environments of the Central Siberian Plateau, Russia
Authors: Lessovaia Sofia N. , Plötze Michael , Inozemzev Svyatoslav , Goryachkin Sergey
Published: February 2017

The study of hard rock conversion into fine earths and clayey materials in the pedosphere is important in understanding the relative proportions of recent soil features to features that were inherited from ancient epochs. Cold environments are widely thought to be areas of physical weathering, but the coexistence of physical and chemical processes have also been shown. To further examine mafic rock (dolerite) weathering in soil environments and the conversion into clayey materials, Entic Podzols formed in the cold continental climate were studied. The key study was located in the central part of the flood basalt complex, or traps (traprocks), of the Central Siberian Plateau (Russia). The qualitative mineralogy was studied using X-ray diffraction and the quantitative mineral composition was determined using X-ray diffraction and subsequent Rietveld analysis. The micromorphological characteristics of the soils were studied in thin sections. Dolerite fragments and fine earths were sampled from soil profiles underlain by dolerite. XRD analyses indicated that pyroxene and especially plagioclase contents in the dolerite fragments and fine earths decreased from the bottom to the top soil horizons mostly in the mature soil profiles that were affected by chemical weathering of dolerite. The dioctahedral and trioctahedral smectites in the soils were inherited from a dolerite previously subjected to chemical weathering. The smectite was conserved in the inherited aggregates and protected against dissolution even in acidic soil horizons. Recent pedogenesis processes fractured individual fragments, converted it into soil micromass, and slightly decreased the total smectite content of the <1 µm soil fraction. However, in soil samples collected from the bottom to the top horizons of a mature soil profile, trioctahedral smectite contents decreased as dioctahedral smectite contents increased. This suggests that dioctahedral smectites formed by pedogenic alteration of inherited trioctahedral smectites.
Characteristics of Early Earth’s Critical Zone Based on Middle—Late Devonian Paleosol Properties (Voronezh High, Russia)
Authors: Alekseeva Tatiana , Kabanov Pavel , Alekseev Andrey , Kalinin Pavel , Alekseeva Veronika
Published: February 2017

Land colonization with vascular plants during the late Silurian—early Devonian and then arborescence during the Pragian—Givetian caused the development of new soil types. These true-rooted soils increased the rate of pedogenesis on a global scale. Since that time, soil has become a key component of the biosphere and has given rise to profound development of the Earth’s Critical Zone (CZ). Case studies of Devonian CZs have helped to record the transformation from Precambrian—Lower Paleozoic ‘proto-CZs,’ which had insufficient proto-soil cover, to modern soils with true-rooted pedosphere. Devonian (Givetian—Frasnian) paleosols from the Voronezh region of Russia are combined into pedocomplexes which occupied the top, slope, and bottom positions of a pronounced paleo-relief. Paleosols were developed from terrigenous argillites and volcanigenic-sedimentary deposits. Each pedocomplex consisted of four or more paleosols with different degrees of development and profile preservation. Paleosols exhibited several common characteristics including production and translocation of clay, ferruginization and the presence of siderite nodules, enhanced MnO/Al2O3 and (Fe2O{3}+MnO)/Al2O3 values, and in situ roots and root-system traces. The latter are siderite/goethite substituted. Stable isotope analysis of siderite shows δ13C values of between -6.1 and -13.7% indicating that CO2 had originated from C3 plants. The main mineral component of clay fractions in automorphic paleosols (top and slope of the paleorelief) is kaolinite. The important feature of these paleosols is the red-stained hematite-rich layer in their bases. These horizons developed at different depths and with different thicknesses, and marked the paleo-groundwater tables of each sub-CZ. Evidence of the imprints of vegetation is seen in the abundant in situ roots, plant fragments, and spores of rhyniophytes, lycopsids, progymnosperms, cladoxylalean ferns, and phytoleims of algae-like vascular plants. The near-equatorial location and the overall characteristics of paleosols studied suggest that the aforementioned horizons were formed in a tropically warm and humid climate. The paleo-ecological environments which accompanied pedogenesis were probably controlled by tectonic activity and volcanism.
Diurnal and Long-term Variation in Plasma Concentrations and Renal Clearances of Circulating Markers of Kidney Proximal Tubular Secretion
Authors: Rivara Matthew B , Zelnick Leila R , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Newitt Rick , Tracy Russell P , Kratz Mario , Weigle David S , Kestenbaum Bryan R
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

The renal proximal tubule is essential for removing organic solutes and exogenous medications from the circulation. We evaluated diurnal, prandial, and long-term biological variation of 4 candidate endogenous markers of proximal tubular secretion.

METHODS

We used LC-MS to measure plasma and urine concentrations of hippurate (HA), cinnamoylglycine (CMG), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresol sulfate (PCS) in 25 healthy adults. We measured plasma concentrations of secreted solutes at 13 time points over a 24-h period, and again after 2 weeks and 14 weeks of follow-up. We further measured 24-h renal clearances of secreted solutes at baseline, 2 weeks, and 14 weeks.

RESULTS

Plasma concentrations of secreted solutes varied over the 24-h baseline period. Diurnal variation was greatest for HA, followed by CMG, IS, and PCS. Plasma concentrations of HA (P = 0.002) and IS (P = 0.02), but not CMG and PCS, increased significantly following meals. Long-term intraindividual biological variation (CVI) in plasma concentrations of secreted solutes over 14 weeks varied from 21.8% for IS to 67.3% for PCS, and exceeded that for plasma creatinine (CVI, 7.1%). Variation in 24-h renal clearances was similar among the secreted solutes [intraindividual variation (CVA+I), 33.6%–47.3%] and was lower using pooled plasma samples from each study visit.

CONCLUSIONS

Plasma concentrations of HA, CMG, IS, and PCS fluctuate within individuals throughout the day and over weeks. Renal clearances of these secreted solutes, which serve as estimates of renal proximal tubule secretion, are also subject to intraindividual biological variation that can be improved by additional plasma measurements.
Perceived stress among nurses of psychiatric ward patients with and without suicidal behavior
Authors: Haider Ali , Masroor Uzma
Published: February 2017

Background and Objectives: The present research was conducted to obtain a perceived stress pattern among nurses attending the psychiatric patients with suicidal and non-suicidal behavior in the different hospitals and clinics of the twin- cities (Islamabad and Rawalpindi) of Pakistan. The main objective of the study was to have an idea about the environment of nursing in psychiatric wards in Pakistani culture.Participants and Method: The sample (N= 36) comprised of the nurses of psychiatric ward attending the one patient for 12 hours (n=16) with and (n=20) without suicidal behavior working into night and day shifts respectively. All the participants gave responses on the perceived stress scale. Participants were approached during their duty hours and were given perceived stress scale 10- items along with demographic information sheet and the consent form. Between group-design was used in the present study.Results and Conclusion: The results indicated that verification of both hypotheses, i.e. the nurses of patients with suicidal behavior had more perceived stress (M= 42 ±3.5) than the nurses of patients without suicidal behavior (M= 19.11 ± 5.7) and also the old nurses had a greater level of perceived stress than the younger nurses according to the same statistics. The t- test, t (28.5) = 14.9 p< 0.05 was significant on 95% confidence interval with variance not equal. Limitations and suggestions for future were also discussed. Both the hypotheses were supported by the analysis- results and by the previous literature.
Myocardial ischemia: narrative drug targets and management by ethnobotanicals
Authors: Batool Amna , Hasan Umme , Abid Farah , Utra Ambreen , Maqsood Umer , Shaukat Bushra
Published: February 2017

Cardiac ischemia is characterized by imbalance between oxygen demand and its supply to myocardium owing to atherosclerotic plaques, which results in moderate to severe damage to heart function. Ischemic heart disease leads to cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure. Various therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle modification, pharmacological treatment options and surgical procedures are available. Besides these therapies, ischemic patients have to suffer from cardiac events repeatedly. Therefore, novel treatment modalities directed towards LDL cholesterol synthesis, oxidation of LDL, monocyte/macrophage recruitment, foam cells, platelet aggregation, cytokines and extracellular matrix comprising of smooth muscle cells have been found to be the promising targeted therapies. Moreover, drugs of ethnobotanical origin might be safer, effectual and economic, thus improving the quality of life.
Evaluation of Effective Manure Disposal Systems and its Influence on Soil Fertility
Authors: Gridnev Pawel I. , Gridneva Tamayana T. , Spotaru Julia.Y. , Romaniuk Wacław
Published: February 2017

The paper presents main provisions of methodology of manure utilization systems evaluation. All costs, starting with the costs related to manure cleaning in premises to the costs of increasing the biological yield obtained from its use, including the soil fertility value changes, were considered. The target function is offered a minimum of complex costs of entering the required amount of nutrients and organic matter per unit area for the planned yield. The effective technical solutions of calculations based on the proposed method include: construction of a boom conveyor with a hydraulic drive and described performance, scraper and screw types of conveyors, automatic scraper loading installation of manure from livestock buildings. The proposed solutions will reduce losses of nutrients by 50-70%, and will allow production of 20 million tons of grain annually.
Comparison of Applications Supporting Selection and Design of Household Solar Collector Systems
Authors: Kobel Przemysław , Romański Leszek , Bieniek Jerzy , Bukowski Przemysław , Martynowicz Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

In order to support the designing process and selection of subassemblies of an installation, specialist application programs are created. Selected applications were compared in the paper through their use for designing hypothetical solar collector systems for a single family house with a varied number of household members. With the use of particular applications, calculations for the same input assumptions were made. Results obtained with the use of a traditional calculation method were a reference point. Applications were compared on account of the type and amount of input parameters which may be introduced, type and number of determined values and their value. Based on the obtained results usefulness and scope of use of an application were assessed.
Pro-Ecological Energy Solutions which Minimize The Use of Fossil Fuels in The Roofed Facilities
Authors: Kurpaska Sławomir
Published: February 2017

The paper, based on the materials of the Main Statistical Office, presents a present state of use of renewable energy sources in the Polish power industry. Moreover, based on the available data, the amount of energy used for roofed production was estimated (heat, electric energy). Additionally, the amount of emission to atmosphere of hazardous substances (sulphur oxides, lead oxides, carbon dioxide and carbon oxide, dust and benzo(a) piren) was determined. Based on the available literature, technical solutions, which are analysed in various scientific centres, which aim at decrease of fuel consumption, were presented. A detailed analysis focused on the possibility of substituting fossil fuel with another heat source, effectiveness of energy use, increase of insulation ability of the facility roof and modification of greenhouses structures. From among the available energy sources, problems and its possible use in horticultural production were presented. The following energy sources were analysed: geothermal energy, sun and wind energy, biomass, heat pump; co-generative system (triple co-generative). Also barriers and possibilities of use of own boiler house and heat from central heating grid as energy source were analysed.
Analysis of Mechanical Dewatering of Digestate
Authors: Mudryk Krzysztof , Frączek Jarosław , Jewiarz Marcin , Wróbel Marek , Dziedzic Krzysztof
Published: February 2017

Technology of processing of agricultural raw material and production residues from agri-food industry often requires their dewatering. Digestate is one of such materials i.e. the mass remaining after the bio-gasification process, which has great hydration (above 85%). The objective of the research was to know the impact of dewatering on the change of water content in digestate from biogas in Piekoszów. A mechanical dewatering process was carried out and reflected the conditions of operation of screw presses for dewatering of plant raw materials, whose screen internal diameter is 160 mm. Knowing the impact of pressure on the dynamics of raw material moisture decrease will allow modelling of the operation of industrial devices with similar operation parameters. Thus, a research on the dewatering process with the use of pressure within 0.58-2.91 MPa and slotted screens with meshes size of 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3 mm were carried out. The analysis of the obtained results indicates that an effective process of dewatering of the investigated digestate takes place at the working pressure to 1.74 MPa regardless the applied screen. Further increase of pressure does not cause a significant decrease of moisture in the investigated material.
Influence of parental life history on maturation and smoltification in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
Authors: Dȩbowski Piotr , Dobosz Stefan
Published: February 2017

The developmental pathways of the offspring of three groups of trout, Salmo trutta L., with known life histories were compared: one group from a freshwater resident population and two groups from an anadromous population (fish that have smoltified and fish that have not). The fish were hybridized within a group, and 27 families were obtained and reared mixed in two tanks. Tracking fish specimens was possible thanks to individual passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging. All families followed different life pathways. Faster growth favored early smoltification and maturation at the age of 1+ in males that had not smoltified. In addition, both processes were clearly also influenced by inherited factors. Fish of freshwater resident origin smoltified more infrequently, and males matured earlier than did fish from the migratory population. The offspring of parents from the migratory population, which did smoltify during their individual histories, smoltified early (in the second year) more often than offspring of non-smoltified members of the population.
Histomorphological and microanatomical characteristics of the olfactory organ of freshwater carp, Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton)
Authors: Ghosh Saroj Kumar , Chakrabarti Padmanabha
Published: February 2017

The morphoanatomy, cellular organization, and surface architecture of the olfactory apparatus in Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton) is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. The oval shaped olfactory rosette contained 32 ± 2 primary lamellae on each side of the median raphe, and was lodged on the floor of the olfactory chamber. The olfactory lamellae were basically flat and compactly arranged in the rosette. The olfactory chamber communicated to the outside aquatic environment through inlet and outlet apertures with a conspicuous nasal flap in between. The mid dorsal portion of the olfactory lamellae was characterized by a linguiform process. Sensory and non-sensory regions were distributed separately on each lamella. The sensory epithelium occupied the apical part including the linguiform process, whereas the resting part of the lamella was covered with non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium comprised both ciliated and microvillous receptor cells distinguished by the architecture on their apical part. The non-sensory epithelium possessed mucous cells, labyrinth cells, and stratified epithelial cells with distinctive microridges. The functional importance of the different cells lining the olfactory mucosa was correlated with the ecological habits of the fish examined.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from Ficus spp. leaves against the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Tkachenko Halyna , Buyun Lyudmyla , Terech-Majewska Elżbieta , Osadowski Zbigniew
Published: February 2017

The main goal of this study was to determine in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of various Ficus species against Aeromonas hydrophila isolated locally from infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) with the aim of providing scientific rationale for the use of the plant in the treatment of bacterial infections induced by Aeromonas spp. in fish. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on Muller-Hinton agar with the disc diffusion method. In the present study, most ethanolic extracts proved effective against the A. hydrophila tested, with 10-12 mm inhibition zones observed. A. hydrophila demonstrated the highest susceptibility to F. pumila. Among various species of Ficus with moderate activity against A. hydrophila, the highest antibacterial activities were noted for F. benghalensis, F. benjamina, F. deltoidea, F. hispida, and F. lyrata. Thus, Ficus can be used as a natural antiseptic and antimicrobial agent in veterinary practice. Further investigations need to be conducted to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds that can then be subjected to detailed pharmacological studies and the development of clinical applications. The alarming rate of increasing resistance in bacterial pathogens in aquaculture environments means that medicinal plants with antibacterial properties are very important as natural resources of new active compounds.
Recreational fisheries pressure in the Polish waters of the Vistula Lagoon and considerations of its potential impact on the development of regional tourism
Authors: Trella Marek , Mickiewicz Maciej
Published: February 2017

The aim of this paper is to present the recreational fisheries on the Vistula Lagoon and their potential impact on the development of regional tourism. Questionnaires were used to collect information during investigations conducted in the 2012-2015 period. Additional information on the topic of angling tourism was obtained by conducting interviews with recreational fishers and with the owners of angling shops. The numbers of angling permits issued was also analyzed. This analysis indicated growing interest in recreational fisheries in the Vistula Lagoon, where anglers caught primarily perch, Perca fluviatilis L., and pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L). The recreational fishers surveyed resided mainly in areas near the Vistula Lagoon. The mean distance between their homes and the fishing grounds was 30.5 km (min-max: 0.1-757 km). SWOT analysis indicated that recreational fisheries in the Vistula Lagoon could be a stimulatory factor for the development of tourism in the region.
Land Market and Price of the Agricultural Land after the End of the Transitional Period
Authors: Dirgasová Katarína
Published: February 2017

After the end of the transition period for the purchase of the agricultural land by foreigners, the legislation regulating the acquisition of the agricultural land was adopted for the purpose of harmonization of the Slovak legislation with the legislation of the European Union. The Law no. 140/2014 Coll. on the acquisition of ownership to the agricultural land and amending and supplementing determines the subjects that are legitimated to acquire the ownership to the agricultural land. In addition, due to the creation of the Register of Offers of the Agricultural Land, the legislation allows the landowner to set a price on the sale of the agricultural land. In Slovakia, apart from the administrative prices and the market prices, there is a new type of prices, so-called „supply price“. The aim of the paper is to sum up the impact of the current legislation on the land market and the prices of agricultural land.
Allelopathic activity of Nepeta nuda L. subsp. nuda water extracts
Authors: Dragoeva Asya , Stoyanova Zheni , Koleva Vanya , Dragolova Daniela
Published: February 2017

Nepeta nuda subsp. nuda is a medicinal plant growing wild in Bulgaria. Different species of Nepeta genus have been reported to possess allelopathic potential. The present study was conducted to observe its phytotoxic effects on T. aestivum and C. sativus L. seeds in laboratory conditions. Nepeta water extracts (NWE) prepared from aerial parts of plants at concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 g/l were tested. The rate of seed germination, the root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings were observed after treatment with NWE. As a control served seeds treated with distilled water. Germination was not affected, but NWE showed deterioration in seedling growth. Roots were more affected than shoots. The fresh and dry weights were reduced upon treatment with the extracts tested. These negative effects were dose-dependent. The overall results indicate presence of water soluble allelochemicals in Nepeta nuda subsp. nuda.
Electronic setup for fluorescence emission measurements and long-time constant-temperature maintenance of Single-Walled Carbon Nano-Tubes in water solutions
Authors: De Rosa Matteo , De Nardo Laura , Bello Michele , Uzunov Nikolay
Published: February 2017

In our previous research we have observed that the fluorescence emission from water solutions of Single-Walled Carbon Nano-Tubes (SWCNT), excited by a laser with a wavelength of 830nm, diminishes with the time. We have already proved that such a fading is a function of the storage time and the storage temperature. In order to study the emission of the SWCNT as a function of these two parameters we have designed and realized a special measurement compartment with a cuvette holder where the SWCNT solutions can be measured and stored at a fixed constant temperature for periods of time as long as several weeks. To maintain the measurement setup under a constant temperature we have designed special experimental setup based on two Peltier cells with electronic temperature control.
Fish Lipids as a Valuable Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Merdzhanova Albena , Ivanov Ivaylo , Dobreva Diana A. , Makedonski Lyubomir
Published: February 2017

This article presents information about omega-3 (h-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in a broad range of commercially important fish species available on Bulgarian fish markets. The aim is to raise consumers’ awareness and encourage them to eat fish. Fish species from the Black Sea coast have relatively high proportion of n-3 PUFAs, of which more than 80% is by EPf (eicosapentaenoic acid, C 20:5 n-3) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, C 22:6 n-3). Extensive epidemiological studies show that fish consumption is inversely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke and the functioning of the brain. About 0.5 g of omega-3 (EPA+DHA) a day or two savings of oily fish a week are required to reduce the risk of death from CVD. PUFAs needs should be satisfied not only with food additives but with fish lipids containing food.
Nutritional status in short-term overtraining boxers
Authors: Alexandrova Albena , Petrov Lubomir , Zaekov Nikolay , Bozhkov Borislav , Zsheliaskova-Koynova Zshivka
Published: February 2017

The diet is essential to the recovery process in athletes, especially those undergoing intensive training. The continuous imbalance between loading and recovery leads to development of overtraining syndrome. The purpose of this study was to establish the changes in the nutritional status of short-term overtrained athletes. Twelve boxers from the team of National Spoils Academy Sofia, Bulgaria during their preparation for the National Championship 2016 were studied. The measurements were conducted three times.in the beginning of preparation (T1), 22 days later (2) and 10 days after (32 days after first measurement), in the beginning of the recovery period, one week prior the competition (T3).The measurements included basic anthropometric data, overtraining questionnaire RESTO-Sport and nutrition questionnaire, plasma concentration of testosterone and cortisol.On the data of dietary survey the percent proportion and the amount of daily consumed proteins, fats and carbohydrates were defined and the energy intake of the tested athletes was calculated. According to the RESTO-Sport a significant decrease in the ratio stress/recovery was observed in the period with the heaviest training load T2, and an increase was estimated in the pre­competition recovery period T3. It was found a typical for the overtraining syndrome decrease in the concentration of testosterone and the ratio of testosterone/cortisol in T3. In some respondents a reduction in carbohydrates and proteins intake was observed in T2 and especially in T3, which correlates with the hormonal changes. In this work the diet changes was discussed as a possible consequence and/or a cause of the overtraining syndrome.
Divergent Cultural Environment – Translator Authenticity
Authors: Horváth Futó Hargita , Hózsa Éva
Published: February 2017

People and communities living geographically far from each other and originating from culturally different environments establish contact with each other by means of the sudden spread of information and communication technologies. Knowledge of world languages no longer suffices for engaging in successful social interaction, it has to be accompanied by intercultural competence. Intercultural communication occurs when interlocutors belonging to different cultures understand each other. The translator’s work can be also understood as intercultural communication since in addition to translating linguistic material, the translator also transcodes the culture of the source language into the target language. (Inter)cultural competence is therefore one of the basic requirements for a translator. There is an ever-increasing emphasis on mediation between different cultures in translation, and according to new interpretations of translation this mediation represents the keystone of translation. The present study examines how elements of Hungarian culture are rendered in Serbian and German by analysing translations of Hungarian authors’ works into these two languages.
Cultural Interchangeability? Culture-Specific Items in Translation
Authors: Ajtony Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2017

This paper summarizes the results of the translation work carried out within an international project aiming to develop the language skills of staff working in hotel and catering services. As the topics touched upon in the English source texts are related to several European cultures, these cultural differences bring about several challenges related to the translation of realia, or culture-specific items (CSIs). In the first part of the paper, a series of translation strategies for rendering source-language CSIs into the target language are enlisted, while the second part presents the main strategies employed in the prepared translations.
On the Hungarian Equivalents of the English Passive in Literary Translations A Case Study on the Translations of Two Novels
Authors: Tankó Enikő
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates the choice of Hungarian equivalents for the English passive construction in translated texts in order to have a glimpse on how translators deal with the English passive. In previous studies (Tankó 2011, 2014), we have looked at the problems encountered by L1 speakers of Hungarian in the acquisition of the English passive voice, having identified different Hungarian equivalents of the English passive that native speakers would resort to when expressing a passive meaning. A special attention has been paid to the Hungarian predicative verbal adverbial construction, which seems to be the closest syntactic equivalent of the English passive, which captures most of its syntactic or discourse function properties. The main question to pursue is whether L1 speakers of Hungarian use the same strategies as shown in previous studies or they choose some other structures to express the passive meaning when it comes to translating literary texts. On the other hand, we would like to analyse Hungarian contexts which require a translation using the passive in English. Thus, our corpus consists of Orwell’s 1984 and Jókai Mór’s Az arany ember, comparing them with their translated versions.
Learning Schoolscapes in a Minority Setting
Authors: Biró Enikő
Published: February 2017

In my paper, I present a qualitative approach to the linguistic landscape of Hungarian schools in Sepsiszentgyörgy/Sfântu Gheorghe, Romania. These landscapes are called schoolscapes as they represent the material environment where texts and images “constitute, reproduce and transform language ideologies” (Brown 2012: 282). These manifestations reveal a lot about language learning and teaching in a formal educational environment. Beyond the simple representations of languages in education, we may trace more or less hidden curriculum details of foreign- and second-language teaching (English/German, Romanian) in a Hungarian-Romanian dominant bilingual setting. My aim is to describe the visual manifestations of the differences and similarities between the languages taught to minority children and the mutual efforts of teachers and students to meet the basic challenges of learning and teaching these languages.
Discourse Intonation and Information Structure: An Empirical Study of ExistentialThereConstructions in Non-native Spontaneous Speech
Authors: Nagy Judit
Published: February 2017

The management of given and new information is one of the key components of accomplishing coherence in oral discourse, which is claimed to be a problematic area for language learners (Celce-Murcia, Dörnyei, and Thurrell 1995: 14). Research on discourse intonation proposes that instead of the given/new dichotomy, givenness should be viewed as a continuum, with different types of accessibility (Baumann & Grice 2006). Moreover, Prince (1992) previously categorized information structure into Hearer-old/Hearer-new and Discourse-old/Discourse-new information. There is consensus on the fact that focus or prominence associated with new information is marked with nuclear pitch accent, and its main acoustic cue, fundamental frequency (f0) (Ward & Birner 2001: 120). Non-native intonation has been reported to display numerous differences in f0 range and patterns compared to native speech (Wennerstrom 1994; Baker 2010). This study is an attempt to address the issue of marking information structure in existentialtheresentences by means of f0 in non-native spontaneous speech. Data originates from task-based interactions in the Wildcat Corpus of Native- and Foreign-Accented English (Van Engen et al. 2010). This paper examines two issues: (1) information structure in relation to the notions of givenness and different types of accessibility (Baumann & Grice 2006) and to Prince’s (1992) multidimensional taxonomy and (2) the use of f0 peaks to mark the prominence of new information. Several differences were measured among native speakers regarding the use of f0, sentence type, and complexity.
Expansion Patterns of the Terminological Metaphor
Authors: Butiurca Doina
Published: February 2017

The assertion our research starts from is that medical terms coined from Greek and Latin scientific elements denote notions, offer information on the level of specialized communication, updating without any exceptions at least two associated preconceptual patterns. From a cognitive perspective, the group of terms has developed based on logical relations of interaction, the starting point of which can be always identified in the cultural and anthropological elements in the environmental, cosmic, etc. dimension of human existence. The arborescent coherence on the level of the terminological corpus, the associated preconceptual patterns and the metaphor through polilexical interaction, the cognitive and informative function of the metaphor on the level of the domain/subdomain and on the level of titling are only some of the objectives this research aims to achieve. I mostly apply the descriptive linguistic method as well as the cognitive, analytical, and comparative methods.

Conclusions: the scientific compounds have been coined based on an “associated preconceptual pattern”. Through their special linguistic and semasiological behaviour, the scientific compounds have become a source of neonymy in the Pan-Latin lexicon.
Handling Old Transylvanian Apple Variety Names in Translation
Authors: Nagy Imola Katalin
Published: February 2017

This paper is related to the problems of translating horticultural terms and names. We deal with the translation issues of botanical names in general, then we focus on some old apple varietal names (Pónyik, Batul, Tányéralma, etc.) and the way these names are treated in English/Romanian texts. We also present some aspects related to the historical background of name giving and pomology. Our aim is to identify the main tendencies of such names in scientific writings and other types of texts. Prior to the publication of the Cultivated Code in the 1950s, the situation of varietal names was rather ambiguous, and sometimes several varietal names were circulating for the very same fruit variety or cultivar. That is why today we still talk about synonymy and translation in the field of variety names despite the fact that the Code stipulates a preference for non-translation. We also attempt to analyse the etymological implications of the above mentioned apple variety names, as especially Pónyik and Batul are equally claimed by Hungarian and Romanian pomologists.
Zu theoretischen und praktischen Aspekten des Fachübersetzens I.
Authors: Seidl-Péch Olivia
Published: February 2017

The question is very often discussed whether translators and translation scientists still need text corpora in translating didactic. In the last few decades text corpora enabled the use of new tools in the field of technical translation and translation research, such as the expansion of search criteria for text corpora on the Internet. The ever-recurring question of whether translators and translation scientists still need text corpora is asked at the same time.

At this point the question is not whether text corpora are useful to the search for words and/or sentences in the context, for the determination of the word order, for the selection of synonyms or collocations, as well as for the query of technical terms from parallel texts. The question can rather be formulated in another way, namely, whether translators and translation scientists should give up using text corpora when almost all information is accessible on the Internet where various search engines (e.g.: bing.com, mamma.com, google. com, yahoo.com) and a WebCorp initiative (webcorp.org.uk) increases the number of hits.
Insufficient physical activity increases cardiovascular risk in women with low birth mass
Authors: Czajkowska Anna , Mazurek Krzysztof , Wiśniewski Andrzej , Kęska Anna , Tkaczyk Joanna , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Pałka Magdalena , Mazurek Tomasz
Published: February 2017

Study aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between low birth mass and concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a cardiovascular risk factor in young women with various levels of physical activity.

Materials and methods: 102 female students aged 19.7 ± 0.8 (18.6-23.0) were included. The study group was divided according to the declared physical activity: high physical activity (HPA, n = 69) and low physical activity (LPA, n = 33). Anthropometric indices were measured: body mass, height, hip and waist circumference. hsCRP levels were obtained from venous blood samples. Birth body mass (BBM) and birth height were collected from medical documentation.

Results: Women with low BBM and LPA had a significantly higher concentration of hsCRP than women with low BBM and HPA, as well as women with normal BBM.

Conclusions: Low birth mass together with low physical activity is a strong predictor of raised concentration of hsCRP, which correlates with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Regular physical activity in women with low birth mass may prevent an increased hsCRP concentration, and as a result decrease the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Environmental Action Programmes of the European Union – Programmes Supporting the Sustainable Development Strategy of the European Union
Authors: Halmaghi Elisabeta-Emilia
Published: February 2017

Since 1972, at the level of the European Community, as a result of the Stockholm Conference, a series of successive programmes have been adopted, which have established both future legislative proposals and prospects on environmental policy. The programmes were aimed at setting goals that will be achieved in environmental protection field in the European Community. So far, seven such programmes have been established, called Environmental Action Programmes.
Integral Components Analysis of the Professional Readiness for Acting in Extreme Social Environment
Authors: Krastev Krastyu , Angelov Pavel
Published: February 2017

Extreme social environment is an intricate set of internal and external environmental factors resulting from the occurrence of contradictions and conflicts in the sphere of social relations. This report dwells on the professional readiness of the law-enforcement structures personnel for action in extreme social environment.
Factors Affecting the Work Motivation of Officers in the Romanian Army
Authors: Macovei Crenguţa Mihaela , Argintaru Lucian Marian
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the results of a study in which we aimed to identify factors that influence the work motivation of officers active in the Romanian military system. We developed a hierarchy of these factors depending on the frequency of their occurrence in answers to open questions addressed on this issue. In order to process responses we used the Atlas.ti program, a specialized software in qualitative analysis of large corpora of text, graphs, audio and video materials. Seven factors have been identified that increase the motivation to work and nine factors that decrease the work motivation of officers from the selected sample.
Leasing in the Romanian Theory and Practice
Authors: Pîrvuţ Valentin
Published: February 2017

From the perspective of national economy, leasing represents a means of reorientating investments by attracting several new external financial sources in economy and a solution for launching on the market the products that have a limited demand and a low level of purchasing. Leasing represents an important factor in developing and making foreign trade more efficient through the possibility of entering on new markets and of opening new partnerships. Also, leasing attracts important financial resources since it has principal factors such as efficiency and safety.
Study Regarding the Impact of Motor Activities over a Healthy Life of Students
Authors: Pomohaci Marcel , Sopa Ioan Sabin
Published: February 2017

In the present study, we tried to discover the values or the effects considered essential for the development of positive attitudes in practicing motor activities by students. The study had as main research method the survey and the research sample included a total of 100 students from the “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu. Research findings showed that students are aware of the beneficial effects of motor activities both on the biological, psychological and socio-cultural level. Gender differences show that opinions are divided, male students consider the physical and social effects as most important assets developed by the motor activities, while feminine students consider exponential for the motor activities effects, the mental and sanogenic effects.
Swarming – Doctrinary-Operational Concept – Possible Solution to the Challenges of the Current Military Confrontations
Authors: Raţiu Aurelian
Published: February 2017

Swarming is a current doctrinary-operational concept, by means of which one seeks to make the transition from a traditional, conventional, cumbersome, bureaucratic army to more numerous structures/units and of reduced dimensions, with remarkable firepower and mobility, which can act on an opponent from multiple directions simultaneously, leading to its increased vulnerability by disorientation and by the inability to concentrate their forces and effort to respond effectively.

The creation of forces able to act according to this conception implies radical changes in the modalities of organizing, acting and leading-coordinating, and last but not least, in the equipment of the military/units and in the organizational culture.
Zabór Palace in the Light of the Latest Discoveries - Interior of the Elevation using Sgraffito Technology
Authors: Bielinis-Kopeć Barbara
Published: February 2017

The property in Zabór from the fifteenth century belonged, among others, to families: von Tschammer, von Dyhrn, Montani, von Dünnewald, von Cosel and von Schönaich-Carolath. The testimony of its magnificence is a palace built by Count Johann Heinrich von Dünnewald in the 4th quarter of the seventeenth century, in the type of early baroque French residence, which, after 1745 was expanded in a magnificent baroque residence by Count Friedrich August von Cosel. In 2014 during the renovation of the monument one encountered a mannerist sgraffito, and facades of the old previously unknown buildings, were decorated with it, dating back probably to the early seventeenth century, which sheds a new light on the history of the monument and its construction phases.
Reconstruction of War Damaged Buildings - A Problem that Still Stands. The Case of the National Economy Bank in Warsaw Restored During the Second World War
Authors: Łotysz Sławomir
Published: February 2017

The Polish national historiography remains silent on the reconstruction of damaged towns and cities that was undertaken by the German administration after capturing Poland in September 1939. This paper, on the war-time restoration of the National Economy Bank’s headquarters in Warsaw, is an attempt to at least partially fill the gap. Designed by celebrated architect Rudolf Świerczyński in the late 1920s in accordance with contemporary air raid defence regulations, it was bombed and nevertheless seriously damaged during the September Campaign. Under the German management of the bank, the building was reconstructed and even modernized by commissioned Polish engineers.