bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-suicidal self-injury and professional psychological help-seeking among Chinese left-behind children: prevalence and influencing factors
Authors: Yong Na , Luo Jing , Luo Jia-ming , Yao Yi-song , Wu Jing , Yang Han , Li Jing-dan , Yang Shuang , Leng Yuan-yuan , Zheng Hong-chuan , Fan Yang , Hu Ying-dan , Ma Jin , Tan Ya-wen , Pan Ji-yang
Published: April 2023

Background

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a risk factor for suicide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NSSI and professional psychological help-seeking status and influencing factors among left-behind children (LBC) in China.

Methods

We implemented a population-based cross-sectional study in participants aged 10–18 years. Sociodemographic characteristics, NSSI, help-seeking status and coping style were measured by self-reported questionnaires. A total of 16,866 valid questionnaires were collected, including 6096 LBC. Binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing NSSI and professional psychological help-seeking.

Results

The incidence of NSSI among LBC was 4.6%, significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children (NLBC). This incidence was higher among girls. Moreover, 53.9% of LBC with NSSI did not receive any treatment and only 22.0% sought professional psychological help. LBC often adopt emotion-oriented coping styles, specifically, those with NSSI. LBC with NSSI who seek professional help tend to adopt problem-oriented coping styles. Logistic regression analysis revealed that girls, learning stage, single-parent, remarried families, patience, and emotional venting were risk factors for NSSI in LBC, while problem-solving and social support seeking were protective factors. Moreover, problem-solving was also a predictor for seeking professional psychological help, patience will prevent it.

Limitations

This was an online survey.

Conclusions

The prevalence of NSSI in LBC is high. Gender, grade, family structure, and coping style affect the occurrence of NSSI among LBC. Only a few LBC with NSSI seek professional psychological help, while the coping style will affect the help-seeking behavior.
Cognitive impairment according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment independently predicts the ability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients to maintain proper inhaler technique
Authors: Iamthanaporn Chonnipha , Wisitsartkul Apiradee , Chuaychoo Benjamas
Published: April 2023

Background

Maintaining correct inhaler technique is crucial in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to investigate the inhaler technique in patients with COPD, to compare it immediately after and at 1 month after training, and to identify the predictors of incorrect inhaler use at 1 month after training.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted at the COPD clinic of Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand). Patients demonstrating improper inhaler use were trained face-to-face by pharmacists. Inhaler technique was re-assessed immediately after and at 1 month after training. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, pulmonary function tests, 6-min walk distance (6 MWD), modified Medical Research Council scale score, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score were evaluated.

Results

Sixty-six patients with COPD who demonstrated at least one critical error during the use of any controller inhaler were enrolled. The mean age was 73.0 ± 9.0 years, and 75.8% patients had moderate/severe COPD. Immediately after training, all patients used dry powder inhalers correctly and 88.1% used pressurized metered-dose inhalers correctly. At 1 month, the number of patients demonstrating the correct technique decreased across all devices. Multivariable analysis revealed that MoCA score ≤ 16 was independently associated with a critical error at 1 month after training (adjusted odds ratio: 12.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–88.2, p = 0.010). At 1 month, CAT score (11.4 ± 8.9 vs. 8.4 ± 5.5, p = 0.018) and 6 MWD (351 ± 93 m vs. 372 ± 92 m, p = 0.009) had significantly improved in patients demonstrating the correct technique, and CAT score met the minimal clinically important difference.

Conclusions

Face-to-face training by pharmacists improved patient performance. However, the number of patients following proper technique had decreased at 1 month after training. Cognitive impairment (MoCA score ≤ 16) independently predicted the ability of COPD patients to maintain proper inhaler technique. Assessment of cognitive function combined with technical re-assessment and repeated training should improve COPD management.
Young nursing and medical students’ knowledge and attitudes towards sexuality and contraception in two spanish universities: an inferential study
Authors: Scarano-Pereira Juan-Pablo , Martinino Alessandro , Manicone Francesca , Álvarez-García Cristina , Ortega-Donaire Lucía , Clavijo-Chamorro María-Zoraida , López-Medina Isabel M , Álvarez-Nieto Carmen , Sanz-Martos Sebastián
Published: April 2023

Background

Living safely sexuality and without risk to one’s health is an international priority. The youth age group has specific characteristics that make it a particularly vulnerable group for adverse consequences such as unwanted pregnancies or sexually transmitted infections. Health professionals are an important group to address this issue; however, to achieve a good result, sufficient knowledge is required to solve all the issues. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of young university students studying a nursing or a medical degree.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study of young medical and nursing students was conducted. The selection of participants was made by convenience. The Sexuality and Contraceptive Knowledge Instrument scale was used to measure knowledge level. A bivariate analysis was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis H test, depending on the number of categories of the independent variable. Finally, a multivariate analysis was conducted using a multiple linear regression model, establishing the level of knowledge as the dependent variable and all variables that obtained statistical significance in the bivariate analysis as predictors. Data collection was carried out from October 2020 to March 2021.

Results

The sample comprised 657 health university students. Participants had a good level of knowledge, with 77.9% answering 50% of the questions correctly. Before training, 34.15% of the participants did not pass 50% of the questions asked. This percentage decreased to 12.87% after receiving sexuality training during their university degrees. The main training gaps were found for the items on hormonal contraceptive methods. The bivariate analysis showed that female participants had significantly higher knowledge scores, as did those who had used a hormonal contraceptive method during the most recent intercourse or were aware of family planning centers. These variables maintained their significant effect at the multivariate level, obtaining two models with good explanatory power for participants of both university degrees.

Conclusion

The general level of knowledge of the healthcare students was high and sufficient after receiving training during the university degree (87.13% of the participants obtain more than 50% of items correct). The main training gap was found for items on hormonal contraceptive methods, which should be emphasized in future training programs.
Facilitator competency rubric in nursing simulations: transcultural adaptation and validation of the German version
Authors: Forbrig Theresa A. , Gellert Paul , Biniok Maria , Gräske Johannes
Published: April 2023

Background

Simulations are part of nursing education. To obtain good results, simulation facilitators need to be competent in simulation pedagogy. Part of this study was the transcultural adaptation and validation of the Facilitator Competency Rubric into German (FCRG) and the evaluation of the factors associated with higher competencies.

Method

A written-standardized cross-sectional survey was conducted. N = 100 facilitators (mean age: 41.0 (9.8), female: 75.3%) participated. Test–re-test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of, and the factors associated with, FCRG. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values > .9 indicate excellent reliability.

Results

The FCRG achieved good intra-rater reliability (all ICC > .934). A moderate correlation (Spearman-rho .335, p < .001) with motivation indicates convergent validity. The CFA showed sufficient to good model fits (CFI = .983 and SRMR = .016). Basic simulation pedagogy training is associated with higher competencies (p = .036, b = 17.766).

Conclusion

The FCRG is a suitable self-assessment tool for evaluating a facilitator’s competence in nursing simulation.
Retinal imaging technologies in cerebral malaria: a systematic review
Authors: Wilson Kyle J. , Dhalla Amit , Meng Yanda , Tu Zhanhan , Zheng Yalin , Mhango Priscilla , Seydel Karl B. , Beare Nicholas A. V.
Published: April 2023

Background

Cerebral malaria (CM) continues to present a major health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. CM is associated with a characteristic malarial retinopathy (MR) with diagnostic and prognostic significance. Advances in retinal imaging have allowed researchers to better characterize the changes seen in MR and to make inferences about the pathophysiology of the disease. The study aimed to explore the role of retinal imaging in diagnosis and prognostication in CM; establish insights into pathophysiology of CM from retinal imaging; establish future research directions.

Methods

The literature was systematically reviewed using the African Index Medicus, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases. A total of 35 full texts were included in the final analysis. The descriptive nature of the included studies and heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis.

Results

Available research clearly shows retinal imaging is useful both as a clinical tool for the assessment of CM and as a scientific instrument to aid the understanding of the condition. Modalities which can be performed at the bedside, such as fundus photography and optical coherence tomography, are best positioned to take advantage of artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis, unlocking the clinical potential of retinal imaging for real-time diagnosis in low-resource environments where extensively trained clinicians may be few in number, and for guiding adjunctive therapies as they develop.

Conclusions

Further research into retinal imaging technologies in CM is justified. In particular, co-ordinated interdisciplinary work shows promise in unpicking the pathophysiology of a complex disease.
Canadian pediatric eating disorder programs and virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods approach to understanding clinicians’ perspectives
Authors: Novack Kaylee , Dufour Rachel , Picard Louis , Taddeo Danielle , Nadeau Pierre-Olivier , Katzman Debra K. , Booij Linda , Chadi Nicholas
Published: April 2023

Background

As a result of the public health measures put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, many health services, including those for the treatment of eating disorders, were provided at a distance. This study aims to describe the adaptations made in specialized pediatric eating disorder programs in Canada and the impact of these adaptations on health professionals’ experience of providing care.

Methods

A mixed-methods design was used to survey healthcare professionals working in specialized pediatric eating disorder programs about adaptations to treatment made during the pandemic and the impact of these adaptations on their experience of providing care. Data were collected between October 2021 and March 2022 using a cross-sectional survey comprising 25 questions and via semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were interpreted using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Eighteen healthcare professionals in Canada completed the online survey, of whom six also participated in the semi-structured interviews. The cross-sectional survey confirmed that, unlike in pre-pandemic times, the majority of participants provided medical care (15/18) and mental health care (17/18) at a distance during the pandemic, with most participants using telephone (17/18) and videoconferencing (17/18). Most (16/18) health professionals indicated that virtual care would continue to be used as a tool in pediatric ED treatment after the pandemic. Participants used a combination of virtual and in-person care, with most reporting weighing patients both in clinic (16/18) and virtually (15/18). Qualitative content analysis generated five themes: (1) responding to increased demand with insufficient resources; (2) adapting to changes in care due to the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) dealing with uncertainty and apprehension; (4) virtual care as an acceptable and useful clinical tool, and (5) optimal conditions and future expectations. Most interview participants (5/6) had globally positive views of virtual care.

Conclusions

Providing virtual multidisciplinary treatment for children and adolescents with eating disorders seemed feasible and acceptable to professionals during the pandemic. Moving forward, focusing on health professionals’ perspectives and providing appropriate training in virtual interventions is essential given their central role in successful implementation and continued use of virtual and hybrid care models.
Implementation of electronic prospective surveillance models in cancer care: a scoping review
Authors: Lopez Christian J. , Teggart Kylie , Ahmed Mohammed , Borhani Anita , Kong Jeffrey , Fazelzad Rouhi , Langelier David M. , Campbell Kristin L. , Reiman Tony , Greenland Jonathan , Jones Jennifer M. , Neil-Sztramko Sarah E.
Published: April 2023

Background

Electronic prospective surveillance models (ePSMs) for cancer rehabilitation include routine monitoring of the development of treatment toxicities and impairments via electronic patient-reported outcomes. Implementing ePSMs to address the knowledge-to-practice gap between the high incidence of impairments and low uptake of rehabilitation services is a top priority in cancer care.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review to understand the state of the evidence concerning the implementation of ePSMs in oncology. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021. All articles were screened and extracted by two independent reviewers. Data regarding the implementation strategies, outcomes, and determinants were extracted. The Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change taxonomy and the implementation outcomes taxonomy guided the synthesis of the implementation strategies and outcomes, respectively. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided the synthesis of determinants based on five domains (intervention characteristics, individual characteristics, inner setting, outer setting, and process).

Results

Of the 5122 records identified, 46 interventions met inclusion criteria. The common implementation strategies employed were “conduct educational meetings,” “distribute educational materials,” “change record systems,” and “intervene with patients to enhance uptake and adherence.” Feasibility and acceptability were the prominent outcomes used to assess implementation. The complexity, relative advantage, design quality, and packaging were major implementation determinants at the intervention level. Knowledge was key at the individual level. At the inner setting level, major determinants were the implementation climate and readiness for implementation. At the outer setting level, meeting the needs of patients was the primary determinant. Engaging various stakeholders was key at the process level.

Conclusions

This review provides a comprehensive summary of what is known concerning the implementation of ePSMs. The results can inform future implementation and evaluation of ePSMs, including planning for key determinants, selecting implementation strategies, and considering outcomes alongside local contextual factors to guide the implementation process.
Developing strategies to address disparities in retention communication during the consent discussion: development of a behavioural intervention
Authors: Coffey Taylor , Duncan Eilidh , Morgan Heather , Gillies Katie
Published: April 2023

Background

Clinical trials are essential to evidence-based medicine. Their success relies on recruitment and retention of participants: problems with either can affect validity of results. Past research on improving trials has focused on recruitment, with less on retention, and even less considering retention at the point of recruitment, i.e., what retention-relevant information is shared during consent processes. The behaviour of trial staff communicating this information during consent is likely to contribute to retention. So, developing approaches to mitigate issues in retention at the point of consent is necessary. In this study, we describe the development of a behavioural intervention targeting the communication of information important to retention during the consent process.

Methods

We applied the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel to develop an intervention aimed at changing the retention communication behaviours of trial staff. Building on findings from an interview study to understand the barriers/facilitators to retention communication during consent, we identified behaviour change techniques that could moderate them. These techniques were grouped into potential intervention categories and presented to a co-design group of trial staff and public partners to discuss how they might be packaged into an intervention. An intervention was presented to these same stakeholders and assessed for acceptability through a survey based on the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.

Results

Twenty-six behaviour change techniques were identified with potential to change communication of retention-information at consent. Six trial stakeholders in the co-design group discussed means for implementing these techniques and agreed the available techniques could be most effective within a series of meetings focussed on best practices for communicating retention at consent. The proposed intervention was deemed acceptable through survey results.

Conclusion

We have developed an intervention aimed at facilitating the communication of retention at informed consent through a behavioural approach. This intervention will be delivered to trial staff and will add to the available strategies for trials to improve retention.
The effect of Pilates exercises on sleep quality and fatigue among female students dormitory residents
Authors: Amzajerdi Azam , Keshavarz Maryam , Ezati Maryam , Sarvi Fatemeh
Published: April 2023

Background

This study aims to investigate the effect of Pilates exercises on sleep and fatigue among female college students residing in the dormitory.

Methods

This quasi-experimental study, two parallel groups was performed on 80 single female college students (40 per group), between 18 to 26 years old who lived in the two dormitories. One dormitory was considered as the intervention group and another as the control group. The Pilates group received three one-hour Pilates exercise sessions per week for eight weeks and the control group maintained their routine activities. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) were used respectively to assess sleep quality and fatigue levels, at three time points: baseline, end of week four, and eight follow-ups. Fisher’s exact, Chi-square, independent sample t-test and repeated measurements were used.

Results

Overall, 66 participants completed the study (32 and 35 participants in the Pilates and control groups, respectively). After four and eight weeks of intervention, the overall mean score of sleep quality improved significantly (p < 0.001). At week four of the intervention, the Pilates group had a significantly lower mean score for subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction than the control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.002, respectively), although sleep duration and habitual sleep efficiency improved after eight weeks of intervention (p < 0.04 and p < 0.034, respectively). Additionally, the overall mean score of fatigue and its dimensions in weeks four and eight of the intervention in the Pilates group were significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

After eight weeks of Pilates exercises implementation, most components of sleep quality significantly improved; however, the effect of Pilates exercises on fatigue was evident from week four onward.

Trial registration This trial was registered on 2/6/2015 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the IRCT ID: IRCT201412282324N15. URL of registry: https://www.irct.ir/trial/1970.
MYRiAD: a multi-array room acoustic database
Authors: Dietzen Thomas , Ali Randall , Taseska Maja , van Waterschoot Toon
Published: April 2023

In the development of acoustic signal processing algorithms, their evaluation in various acoustic environments is of utmost importance. In order to advance evaluation in realistic and reproducible scenarios, several high-quality acoustic databases have been developed over the years. In this paper, we present another complementary database of acoustic recordings, referred to as the Multi-arraY Room Acoustic Database (MYRiAD). The MYRiAD database is unique in its diversity of microphone configurations suiting a wide range of enhancement and reproduction applications (such as assistive hearing, teleconferencing, or sound zoning), the acoustics of the two recording spaces, and the variety of contained signals including 1214 room impulse responses (RIRs), reproduced speech, music, and stationary noise, as well as recordings of live cocktail parties held in both rooms. The microphone configurations comprise a dummy head (DH) with in-ear omnidirectional microphones, two behind-the-ear (BTE) pieces equipped with 2 omnidirectional microphones each, 5 external omnidirectional microphones (XMs), and two concentric circular microphone arrays (CMAs) consisting of 12 omnidirectional microphones in total. The two recording spaces, namely the SONORA Audio Laboratory (SAL) and the Alamire Interactive Laboratory (AIL), have reverberation times of 2.1 s and 0.5 s, respectively. Audio signals were reproduced using 10 movable loudspeakers in the SAL and a built-in array of 24 loudspeakers in the AIL. MATLAB and Python scripts are included for accessing the signals as well as microphone and loudspeaker coordinates. The database is publicly available (https://zenodo.org/record/7389996).
A higher-order extension of Atangana–Baleanu fractional operators with respect to another function and a Gronwall-type inequality
Authors: Abdeljawad Thabet , Thabet Sabri T. M. , Kedim Imed , Ayari M. Iadh , Khan Aziz
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to extend the Caputo–Atangana–Baleanu ($ABC$
A
B
C
) and Riemann–Atangana–Baleanu ($ABR$
A
B
R
) fractional derivatives with respect to another function, from fractional order $\mu \in (0,1]$
μ
∈
(
0
,
1
]
to an arbitrary order $\mu \in (n,n+1]$
μ
∈
(
n
,
n
+
1
]
, $n=0,1,2,\dots $
n
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
…
. Also, their corresponding Atangana–Baleanu (AB) fractional integral is extended. Additionally, several properties of such definitions are proved. Moreover, the generalization of Gronwall’s inequality in the framework of the AB fractional integral with respect to another function is introduced. Furthermore, Picard’s iterative method is employed to discuss the existence and uniqueness of the solution for a higher-order initial fractional differential equation involving an $ABC$
A
B
C
operator with respect to another function. Finally, examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the main findings. The idea of this work may attract many researchers in the future to study some inequalities and fractional differential equations that are related to AB fractional calculus with respect to another function.
Conceptualizing Indigenous strengths-based health and wellness research using group concept mapping
Authors: O’Keefe Victoria M. , Maudrie Tara L. , Cole Ashley B. , Ullrich Jessica S. , Fish Jillian , Hill Kyle X. , White Lauren A. , Redvers Nicole , Jernigan Valarie Blue Bird , Lewis Jordan P. , West Amy E. , Apok Charlene Aqpik , White Evan J. , Ivanich Jerreed D. , Schultz Katie , Lewis Melissa E. , Sarche Michelle C. , Gonzalez Miigis B. , Parker Myra , Neuner Weinstein Sophie E. , McCray Celena J. , Warne Donald , Black Jessica C. , Richards Jennifer R. , Walls Melissa L.
Published: April 2023

Background

In recent years public health research has shifted to more strengths or asset-based approaches to health research but there is little understanding of what this concept means to Indigenous researchers. Therefore our purpose was to define an Indigenous strengths-based approach to health and well-being research.

Methods

Using Group Concept Mapping, Indigenous health researchers (N = 27) participated in three-phases. Phase 1: Participants provided 218 unique responses to the focus prompt “Indigenous Strengths-Based Health and Wellness Research…” Redundancies and irrelevant statements were removed using content analysis, resulting in a final set of 94 statements. Phase 2: Participants sorted statements into groupings and named these groupings. Participants rated each statement based on importance using a 4-point scale. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to create clusters based on how statements were grouped by participants. Phase 3: Two virtual meetings were held to share and invite researchers to collaboratively interpret results.

Results

A six-cluster map representing the meaning of Indigenous strengths-based health and wellness research was created. Results of mean rating analysis showed all six clusters were rated on average as moderately important.

Conclusions

The definition of Indigenous strengths-based health research, created through collaboration with leading AI/AN health researchers, centers Indigenous knowledges and cultures while shifting the research narrative from one of illness to one of flourishing and relationality. This framework offers actionable steps to researchers, public health practitioners, funders, and institutions to promote relational, strengths-based research that has the potential to promote Indigenous health and wellness at individual, family, community, and population levels.
The relationship between fear of Covid-19 and obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Dehghani Maryam , Hakimi Hamideh , Talebi Maryam , Rezaee Hanie , Mousazadeh Noushin , Ahmadinia Hassan , Almasi Saiedeh
Published: April 2023

Background

The coronavirus pandemic and health measures related to it have led to an increase in mental health problems. The relatively high incidence of the disease and its mortality rate created anxiety in society. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and its relationship with obsessive–compulsive disorder in patients who attended the outpatient clinic of Besat Hospital in Hamadan.

Methods

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 320 patients who attended the outpatient clinic of Besat Hospital in Hamadan were selected by random sampling method in 2021. Data were collected using the Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19) questionnaire and obsessive–compulsive disorder scale and analyzed using SPSS software (V16). They were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test.

Results

The mean ± SD age of the subjects was 34.14 ± 9.30 years and 65% of the study subjects were women. The mean ± SD score on the obsessive–compulsive disorder scale was 32.90 ± 19.87 and the mean ± SD score for fear of coronavirus was 16.82 ± 5.79. The contamination dimension of OCD had the highest score of 9.04 ± 5.46 and stealing had the lowest score of 0.10 ± 0.49. The mean fear of COVID-19 in people who had a history of obsessive–compulsive disorder before the quarantine was significantly higher than in those who did not have it (P = 0.002). Along with the increasing fear of coronavirus scale score, the score of obsessive–compulsive disorders increased except for the stealing dimension (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results of the study showed that there was a moderate level of fear of COVID-19 among the study population. Also, a relatively high proportion of study subjects had a weak manifestation of OCD. It seems that two years after the beginning of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, people have adapted to the conditions, and their fear of the disease is reduced.
Association Between Biomarkers and Clinical Outcomes of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: KEYNOTE-086 Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Loi Sherene , Salgado Roberto , Schmid Peter , Cortes Javier , Cescon David W. , Winer Eric P. , Toppmeyer Deborah L. , Rugo Hope S. , De Laurentiis Michelino , Nanda Rita , Iwata Hiroji , Awada Ahmad , Tan Antoinette R. , Sun Yuan , Karantza Vassiliki , Wang Anran , Huang Lingkang , Saadatpour Assieh , Cristescu Razvan , Yearley Jennifer , Lunceford Jared , Jelinic Petar , Adams Sylvia
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE

In the two-cohort phase II KEYNOTE-086 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02447003 ), first-line and second-line or later pembrolizumab monotherapy demonstrated antitumor activity in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC; N = 254). This exploratory analysis evaluates the association between prespecified molecular biomarkers and clinical outcomes.

METHODS

Cohort A enrolled patients with disease progression after one or more systemic therapies for metastatic disease irrespective of PD-L1 status; Cohort B enrolled patients with previously untreated PD-L1–positive (combined positive score [CPS] ≥ 1) metastatic disease. The association between the following biomarkers as continuous variables and clinical outcomes (objective response rate [ORR], progression-free survival [PFS], and overall survival [OS]) was evaluated: PD-L1 CPS (immunohistochemistry), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8; immunohistochemistry), stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (sTIL; hematoxylin and eosin staining), tumor mutational burden (TMB; whole-exome sequencing [WES]), homologous recombination deficiency-loss of heterozygosity, mutational signature 3 (WES), mutational signature 2 (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide–like; WES), T-cell–inflamed gene expression profile (TcellinfGEP; RNA sequencing), and 10 non-TcellinfGEP signatures (RNA sequencing); Wald test P values were calculated, and significance was prespecified at α = 0.05.

RESULTS

In the combined cohorts (A and B), PD-L1 ( P = .040), CD8 ( P < .001), sTILs ( P = .012), TMB ( P = .007), and TcellinfGEP ( P = .011) were significantly associated with ORR; CD8 ( P < .001), TMB ( P = .034), Signature 3 ( P = .009), and TcellinfGEP ( P = .002) with PFS; and CD8 ( P < .001), sTILs ( P = .004), TMB ( P = .025), and TcellinfGEP ( P = .001) with OS. None of the non-TcellinfGEP signatures were associated with outcomes of pembrolizumab after adjusting for the TcellinfGEP.

CONCLUSION

In this exploratory biomarker analysis from KEYNOTE-086, baseline tumor PD-L1, CD8, sTILs, TMB, and TcellinfGEP were associated with improved clinical outcomes of pembrolizumab and may help identify patients with mTNBC who are most likely to respond to pembrolizumab monotherapy.
Ad Clutter, Time Use, and Media Diversity
Authors: Anderson Simon P. , Peitz Martin
Published: April 2023

We introduce advertising congestion along with a time use model of consumer choice among media. Both consumers and advertisers multihome. Higher equilibrium advertising levels ensue on less popular media platforms because platforms treat consumer attention as a common property resource: smaller platforms internalize less of the congestion from advertising and so advertise more. Platform entry raises the ad nuisance price to consumers and diminishes the quality of the consumption experience on all platforms. For consumer welfare this price effect of entry dominates the positive effect of more variety in some settings; thus, consumers will then be worse off after entry. (JEL D11, D43, L13, L82, M37)
Competition in Pricing Algorithms
Authors: Brown Zach Y. , MacKay Alexander
Published: April 2023

We document new facts about pricing technology using high-frequency data, and we examine the implications for competition. Some online retailers employ technology that allows for more frequent price changes and automated responses to price changes by rivals. Motivated by these facts, we consider a model in which firms can differ in pricing frequency and choose pricing algorithms that are a function of rivals’ prices. In competitive (Markov perfect) equilibrium, the introduction of simple pricing algorithms can increase price levels, generate price dispersion, and exacerbate the price effects of mergers. (JEL D21, D22, D43, G34, L13, L81)
Blind Disclosure
Authors: Kolb Aaron , Pease Marilyn , Sacks Daniel W. , Quick Joshua
Published: April 2023

We develop and test a theory of blind disclosure. A sender chooses whether to disclose information based on a preliminary, private signal. In the unique equilibrium, contrary to the literature’s canonical unraveling result, senders disclose only if their preliminary signal exceeds a cutoff. This cutoff rule leads to partial unraveling in environments with either risk aversion or moral hazard, and disclosure decreases with uncertainty. Using unique administrative data on disclosed and undisclosed grades in a large university, we find that the model is consistent with student choices during spring 2020 to conceal letter grades by switching to optional pass-fail grades. (JEL D81, D82, I23)
Promoting inclusive education: social and emotional learning through the Lens of Universal Design for Learning
Authors: Morton Brenda , Pilgrim Jodi
Published: April 2023

The academic, social, and emotional needs of children in schools continue to grow. Research indicates that the implications of trauma on learning and social development are significant and suggests focusing on resilience through social and emotional learning (SEL) and the development of executive function skills. In this article, we highlight SEL as an inclusionary tool to address the impact of trauma in schools. We examine SEL through a Universal Design for Learning (UDL) lens to promote intentional lesson design for learner variability. This article encourages teachers to re-evaluate traditional models of teaching and learning and provides insight into ways to develop executive functioning skills of all students, using SEL and UDL as socially responsible frameworks.
“Conversations About the Important” and the Education of Younger Schoolchildren (Part 1)
Authors: Vinogradova Natalya
Published: April 2023

The article discusses the importance of the Federal information and educational classes “Conversations about the important” in the patriotic and civic education of elementary schoolchildren. The opinions of supporters and opponents of the idea of this new component of the educational activity of an educational organization are evaluated, the sensitivity of children of primary school age is emphasized, which determines this period of a child’s development as the most favorable for the formation of higher moral feelings. The key positions of the content of the lessons “Conversations about the important” and the features of their organization are revealed.
Multifaceted therapeutic options for stress urinary incontinence in women
Authors: Osińska Aleksandra , Stawikowski Cezary , Zielonka Bartłomiej , Dengler Barbara , Wolanin Izabela , Krawiec Paulina , Kowalczyk Ilona , Stachyra Bartłomiej , Wolanin Marta , Madej Karolina
Published: April 2023

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects many women worldwide in every age group. Involuntary leakage of urine during abdominal pressure increase significantly reduces the quality of life. The choice of treatment depends on the patient's expectations, the doctor's experience and the severity of symptoms.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to discuss the therapeutic methods of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
Material and method: The work was based on a review of the available literature in the PubMed, Google and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: stress urinary incontinence; SUI; urinary incontinence in women; Surgical treatment; TOT; TVT.
Results and conclusions: We use conservative and surgical methods in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Conservative treatments such as physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and behavioral therapy are first-line treatments. In the case of severe symptoms of stress urinary incontinence, surgical treatment is used. The most common method is the Burch operation and TVT and TOT sling operations. Treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women requires an approach that takes into account the patient's goals, severity of symptoms, desired effect, physician experience and complications, therefore there is no single effective management.
Comparison between micro-anchor skin dressing and liquid bonding agent for elective knee arthroscopy portal closure
Authors: Manirajan Aaditya , Baker Hayden P , Krishnan Pranav , Mayfield Allison , Athiviraham Aravind , Ho Sherwin
Published: April 2023

Objective:

The objective of the current study was to evaluate outcomes of elective knee arthroscopy portal closure comparing two skin closure techniques.

Method:

This was a randomised controlled trial including healthy volunteers aged ≥18 years undergoing elective knee arthroscopy that used two portals. At the time of surgery, each patient's two arthroscopy portal closures were randomised to one of two closure techniques; the first technique used approximation of the skin with a micro-anchor skin dressing (BandGrip Inc., US), while the second closure technique used an absorbable suture (Biosyn Monofilament, Medtronic) and a liquid bonding agent skin closure (Dermabond, Ethicon Inc., US). Postoperative complications and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated at the first visit after knee arthroscopy and at six weeks postoperatively.

Results:

A total of 38 patients (76 portals) were enrolled in this study. No patients reported wound complications of either portal; thus, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in wound complication rates between the skin closure techniques. Survey questions regarding any difference in appearance and cosmesis between the closure techniques' portal sites were responded to by 15 patients, all of whom indicated no difference in appearance between the portal sites. There was also no statistically significant difference between the two closure techniques with regards to appearance.

Conclusion:

There was no significant difference in presence of wound complications or appearance between skin closure with the micro-anchor skin dressing and the absorbable suture/liquid bonding agent skin closure.
A High-gain, Low-profile Filtering Antenna Based on a Novel Metasurface
Authors: Zhu Jingci , Zhang Guanmao , Li Zhihang , Che Zonge , Yue Juan , Feng Yinhai , Zhang Qian , Qiu Rui
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a filtering antenna based on a metasurface is designed using slot-coupled feeding, and the metasurface unit is a fractal pattern. Replacing the rectangular patch on the metasurface with a fractal patch can introduce a radiation zero point on the upper sideband of the antenna, thereby enhancing the sideband selectivity. In addition, the current is reversed by loading shorting pin, and a radiation zero point is also introduced in the lower sideband. After measurement, the -10 dB impedance bandwidth of the filtering antenna is 23.6% (3.22-4.08 GHz), and the average antenna gain in the passband is 8.1 dBi. The filtering antenna does not involve an additional filter circuit, has a simple structure, and a small size, and ideally eliminates insertion loss. To verify, the real object was made and tested and found that the reflection coefficient, pattern, gain, etc. were in good agreement with the simulation results, it can be applied to the 5G communication frequency band.
Catalanismo, catolicismo y propaganda exterior durante la Guerra Civil: el protagonismo de Albert Bonet
Authors: Moreno Cantano Antonio César
Published: April 2023

Desde el principio de la Guerra Civil española la jerarquía católica se esforzó en presentar como «sagrada» la causa de los sublevados ante la opinión pública internacional. Pastorales como Las dos ciudades, del obispo de Salamanca Pla y Daniel o El caso de España, Carta a Aguirre o la Carta colectiva de los obispos españoles a los de todo el mundo con motivo de la guerra de España, del cardenal Primado de España, Isidoro Gomá y Tomás, se encargaron de satanizar al bando republicano y de definir el golpe de Estado como «teológicamente justo». Uno de los mayores esfuerzos de la Iglesia española, en consonancia con los objetivos de Acción Católica, fue la puesta en marcha de diversas Oficinas Católicas de Información Internacional. El sacerdote catalán y fundador de la Federació de Joves Cristians de Catalunya, Albert Bonet i Marrugan, fue uno de los principales colaboradores del cardenal Gomá a la hora de poner en marcha estas Oficinas y rebatir toda tesis contraria al bando franquista entre los católicos europeos.
Caiguda de Catalunya, refugiats i exili
Authors: Pagès Blanch Pelai
Published: April 2023

La batalla de l’Ebre, que va tenir lloc entre juliol i novembre de 1938, va representar la darrera i definitiva derrota de l’exèrcit republicà. Amb un exèrcit amb escassa capacitat militar, quan Franco va plantejar la ofensiva final contra Catalunya, la República difícilment podia aturar l’agressió, i progressivament, de desembre de 1938 a principis de febrer de 1939, va anar ocupant el territori català fins a l’arribada de la frontera. S’iniciava d’aquesta manera un fenomen insòlit fins aquells moment en cap guerra: un allau de refugiats, prop de mig milió, anaven a parar al sud de França, posant-se en funcionament tot un seguit de camps de concentració. S’iniciava, altrament, un llarg exili que per molts no va acabar fins a la mort de Franco, l’any 1975.
Buscant Robert H. Merriman
Authors: Hernàndez Cardona Francesc-Xavier , Íñiguez Gracia David , Wilson-Daily Ann E. , Sebares Valle Gemma
Published: April 2023

El major Robert H. Merriman, va desaparèixer, els primers dies d’abril del 1938 en les rodalies de Corbera d’Ebre. La XV Brigada Internacional havia quedat encerclada per l’enemic, i grups de soldats intentaven arribar a les línies republicanes. En aquesta retirada potser va caure abatut en combat com també i ha la possibilitat que fos capturat i executat per les forces feixistes. Les especulacions sobre la mort de Merriman, i el lloc on van anar a raure les seves restes, han estat motiu de debat continuat. Fonts orals de Corbera d’Ebre manifestaven que oficials internacionals havien estat tancats en cases del Poble Vell abans de ser executats. Una de les fonts indicava l’emplaçament d’una fossa aïllada on havia estat enterrat un comandament que podia haver estat en Robert H. Meriman. Per tal de verificar la informació un grup d’estudiosos, arqueòlegs i antropòlegs va procedir a excavar el lloc la primavera del 2017, tanmateix no es van trobar indicis de cap enterrament.
Diversificación cultural y dualización urbana: micropublics, sociabilidad y desigualdad en la ciudad de Zaragoza
Authors: Gimeno Monterde Chabier , Jiménez Franco Daniel
Published: April 2023

¿Cómo se articulan los discursos en torno a la diversidad cultural y las relaciones vecinales en Zaragoza? Las ciudades medias afrontan un ciclo de segregación socioespacial sostenido con relatos sobre “nuevos conflictos culturales”; al tiempo que espacios y situaciones potencialmente favorables al contacto social y la participación ganan visibilidad. Los resultados muestran la relación entre las percepciones sobre el espacio y variables como nivel de ingresos, lugar de procedencia o ubicación espacial. Por un lado, los interlocutores socialmente más activos atribuyen a las autoridades locales la responsabilidad en la mejora de la convivencia. Por otro, la participación informal de la población joven prioriza la creación de espacios para el encuentro “desde abajo”, que no descuiden la desigualdad como factor determinante. Esa es la clave que permanece en permanente tensión con la multiculturalidad, vinculando la definición de convivencia al reduccionismo de la coexistencia y los sesgos securitarios que de ellos derivan.
Los planos catastrales como instrumento de dominio.
Authors: CHO MEEHWA , Sabaté Bel Joaquín
Published: April 2023

La elaboración del catastro tras la anexión japonesa de Corea (1910), revela nuevas estructuras de dominio y de fiscalidad en todo el país. La documentación que resulta de dicho proceso ofrece una rica información para analizar la transformación de la sociedad coreana del último siglo a diferentes niveles (histórico, antropológico, socioeconómico y urbanístico). Los planos del catastro constituyen de hecho la primera cartografía urbana moderna. En este artículo tratamos de entender el contexto histórico y socioeconómico en que se lleva a cabo el proceso; de describir en detalle la técnica, el método y la información resultante y de dibujar el mapa urbano de Busan, la ciudad donde arranca el dominio colonial por su cercanía a Japón y por el valor estratégico de su puerto, a partir de centenares de hojas del catastro. Esto nos permite comparar el dibujo resultante con la realidad urbana que supuestamente representa, y desvelar algunos significados ocultos.
La formación de una clase obrera minera. Una aproximación desde el caso de Linares, 1824-1842
Authors: Torró Gil Lluís
Published: April 2023

La comunicación estudia el proceso de proletarización durante la fase previa al boom minero en el enclave de Linares mediante el análisis de padrones y censos de población. Gracias a ellos se caracteriza la distribución por edad y género, y la estructura ocupacional, así como los cambios que sufrieron. Se concluye que el crecimiento de la población linarense antes de la década de 1840 fue significativo y que sus razones han de buscarse en el incremento de la nupcialidad y un saldo migratorio positivo. Los cambios en la estructura socioprofesional de la población en los momentos previos al despegue de la actividad minero y la caracterización de la inmigración permite la formulación de hipótesis que relacionan este crecimiento con probables transformaciones en la agricultura y la minería. El proceso de agricolización y el desarrollo de una actividad minero-metalúrgica más capitalizada serían la base de dichas transformaciones.