bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Quality of Evidence
Authors: Brown Zach W , Phelan Herb A.
Published: January 2021

One of the most important skills a medical practitioner must develop is the ability to evaluate the evidence as evidence-based practice is the best way to provide patient care. Critical appraisal of an article requires a systematic approach to identify a clear and novel hypothesis, a relevant topic, valid study methods, and the overall importance of the research. This review identifies how to establish a baseline level of quality per the hierarchy of study designs. It then deconstructs each section of the standard IMRAD format article (Introduction, Methods, Results, Analysis, and Discussion), including a brief discussion of statistical methods. Finally, it shows how to apply some of the evaluation methods of the GRADE guidelines that were devised specifically to provide a process for determining quality of evidence through modifiers reflecting priorities in clinical decision making. In particular, the overall quality can be downgraded based on five criteria: imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, publication bias, and lack of internal validity. In contrast, quality can be upgraded when the size of the effect seen is very large, when a dose-response relationship exists, or when plausible confounders or other biases paradoxically increase confidence in the direction or magnitude of the signal. Taken together, a final assessment of quality may be applied, and the practitioner may accept the research for inclusion into practice or reject it as low-quality evidence. Both are examples of appropriate evidence-based practice, and both result in better patient care.
Key words: appraisal, evaluate, evidence, grade, statistics
Diet Advancement after Weight Loss Surgery
Authors: Andromalos Laura
Published: January 2021

Diet advancement after bariatric surgery has not been standardized across various bariatric programs. It is generally agreed that patients should advance through a textured progression while the gastrointestinal tract heals; however, the content of each diet stage is open for interpretation. The postoperative diet is intended to promote healing and weight loss while minimizing diet-related complications. This review presents the literature regarding the progression of patients through a postoperative bariatric surgery diet, macro- and micronutrient needs in the early postoperative period, and management of common diet-related complications, including nausea, dumping syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and defecatory dysfunction.
This review contains 5 tables and 45 references
Key words: Bariatric surgery, bariatric surgery diet, postoperative diet, macro-nutrient needs, micro-nutrient needs, diet-related complications
Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide 3.0 mg and 4.5 mg Versus Dulaglutide 1.5 mg in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-11)
Authors: Frias Juan P. , Bonora Enzo , Ruiz Luis Nevarez , Li Ying G. , Yu Zhuoxin , Milicevic Zvonko , Malik Raleigh , Bethel M. Angelyn , Cox David A.
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of dulaglutide at
doses of 3.0 and 4.5 mg versus 1.5 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately
controlled with metformin.

Research
Design and Methods: Patients were
randomized to once weekly dulaglutide
1.5 mg, 3.0 mg, or 4.5 mg for 52 weeks. Primary objective was superiority of
dulaglutide 3.0 mg and/or 4.5 mg over 1.5 mg in HbA1c reduction at 36 weeks. Secondary superiority
objectives included change in body weight.
Two estimands addressed efficacy objectives: treatment-regimen estimand
(regardless of treatment discontinuation or rescue medication) and efficacy
estimand (on treatment without rescue medication) in all randomized patients.

Results: Mean
baseline HbA1c
and BMI in randomized patients (N=1842) was 8.6% (70 mmol/mol) and 34.2 kg/m2,
respectively. At 36 weeks, dulaglutide
4.5 mg provided superior HbA1c reductions compared to 1.5 mg (treatment-regimen
estimand: -1.77 vs ‑1.54% [-19.4 vs -16.8 mmol/mol], estimated treatment
difference [ETD] -0.24% (-2.6 mmol/mol); P<0.001; efficacy estimand: -1.87
vs ‑1.53% [‑20.4 vs -16.7 mmol/mol], ETD -0.34% (-3.7 mmol/mol);
P<0.001). Dulaglutide 3.0 mg was
superior to 1.5 mg on HbA1c reduction using the efficacy estimand (ETD -0.17% [-1.9 mmol/mol];
P=0.003) but not the treatment-regimen estimand (ETD -0.10% [-1.1 mmol/mol ];
P=0.096). Dulaglutide 4.5 mg was superior to 1.5 mg for weight loss at 36 weeks
for both estimands (treatment-regimen estimand: -4.6 vs -3.0 kg, ETD -1.6 kg;
P<0.001; efficacy estimand: -4.7 vs -3.1 kg; ETD -1.6 kg; P<0.001). Common adverse events through 36 weeks included
nausea (1.5 mg, 13.4%; 3 mg, 15.6%; 4.5 mg, 16.4%) and vomiting (1.5 mg, 5.6%;
3 mg, 8.3%; 4.5 mg, 9.3%).

Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately
controlled on metformin, escalation from dulaglutide 1.5 mg to 3.0 mg or 4.5 mg
provided clinically relevant, dose-related reductions in HbA1c and body weight with a similar safety profile.
Comparing Video and Direct Laryngoscopy for Nasotracheal Intubation
Authors: King Brett J. , Padnos Ira , Mancuso Kenneth , Christensen Brian J.
Published: January 2021

This parallel group randomized controlled clinical trial compared intubation duration and success using video laryngoscopy (VL) versus direct laryngoscopy (DL) during routine nasotracheal intubation. Fifty patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned into 2 groups receiving either VL or DL to facilitate nasotracheal intubation. The primary outcome was the amount of time required to complete nasotracheal intubation. The secondary outcomes included the success of first attempt at intubation and the use of Magill forceps. Results demonstrated a mean time to intubation of 142 seconds in the DL group and 94 seconds in the VL group (p = .011). First attempt intubation success was 92.0% in the VL group and 84.0% in the DL group (p = .34). The use of Magill forceps was significantly increased in the DL group (p = .007). VL for routine nasotracheal intubation in oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures results in significantly faster intubation times and decreased use of Magill forceps compared with traditional DL.
Efficacy of Pulpal Anesthesia Using a Needle-less Syringe
Authors: Christensen Coleman , Arnason Stephen C. , Oates Ross , Crabtree Michael , Kersey John W. , Vandewalle Kraig S.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the manufacturer's claims regarding a novel needleless intraligamentary local anesthesia injection device (Numbee, BioDent) to provide effective single tooth anesthesia. Investigators compared the Numbee with a traditional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) during a restorative procedure on mandibular teeth. A randomized, split-mouth design was conducted with 15 adult subjects receiving an IANB on one side and a Numbee injection on the same tooth type on the contralateral side. Subjects recorded injection pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and their preferred injection technique. Anesthesia was considered profound with 2 consecutive electric pulp tester readings of 80. If subjects became symptomatic during the restorative procedure, rescue anesthesia was administered. The difference in VAS scores for injection pain between the Numbee and the IANB was not significant (p = .078). For the IANB, the incidence of profound anesthesia was 46%, and required rescue anesthesia was 20%. For the Numbee, the incidence of profound anesthesia was 0%, and required rescue anesthesia was 60%. Subject preference was evenly split (50/50%) between the 2 techniques. The IANB outperformed the Numbee device for achieving profound anesthesia and requiring less rescue anesthesia.
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS IN THE EDUCATIONAL AND MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Gocevska Jasmina , Angeloska - Galevska Natasha
Published: January 2021

Success and efficiency in the working organizations today are based upon good communication and social relations between their employees. The importance of these processes is visible in the use of modern techniques of communicating and the support of team building and team work in organizations. Communication and social climate is a topic that is contemporary and interesting to explore. Therefore, this research is focused on processes of communication and social interaction in the educational and manufacturing working environments. Research data were gathered with survey on a sample of 121 workers from two educational and two manufacturing working organizations. Two types of questionnaires were used: a questionnaire by Richard L. Daft (2001) on the communication issue and so-called WES Work Environment Scale concerning social interaction. Data were analysed with statistical procedures of descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test) for testing of hypotheses.Based upon this analysis came the conclusion that there is a difference in the degree of development of these important personal skills. The results show that the workers in the educational working organizations have a greater ability to communicate and interact compared to those in the manufacturing organizations.This research is meant to be a base for conclusions that came by information gathered in these two kinds of organizations so that the insight could lead further research in other types of organizations.
SOCIAL DIALOGUE AND PARTNERSHIP IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Authors: Velkovski Zoran , Rizova Elena
Published: January 2021

Vocational education and training systems in the Republic of Macedonia have been put under strong pressure for modernisation in the last decades. In addition to economic and political globalisation, technological innovations brought rapid changes in the type of jobs and the content of labour in the national economies, which lead to change of the demand for qualifications and new skills on an on-going basis; the open market and migration expanded opportunities for work within and between countries, and the complexity of the demand for new skills on the labour market have dramatically begun affecting and shaping the structure, organisation and content of vocational education and training.This report is based on the experiences from the collaborative approach applied in the development of the Strategy for Vocational Education and Training in a Lifelong Learning Context for the Republic of Macedonia, implemented through a process of consultation with a broad stakeholder basis. It addresses the participants in the process, the steps undertaken to ensure involvement of stakeholders and ultimately ownership over the process (or its components), the obstacles encountered and steps undertaken to address them, the problems, their causes and proposals for preventing and/or eliminating them, as well as the lessons learned and recommendations for further development of the social dialogue and partnership.
POSSIBILITIES OF TEACHERS FOR MONITORING, DETECTING AND RECORDING OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS IN EARLY SCHOOL AGE
Authors: Koteva-Mojsovska Tatjana
Published: January 2021

The monitoring and recording of the individual characteristics of children are very important for the development of quality education. Also the views of the teachers about the differences in the development, the potentials and the affinities of the children in the early school period are especially important. The quality education process in the modern school should be adapted to the individual potentials of the children. The children are individuals with their own integrity and characteristics. (Johnston and Halocha, 2010). They have individual pace and develop individual approaches in the learning process. This individual pace in the development of the children requires the teachers to regularly monitor and record the individual characteristics and differences of the children, monitoring the children’s interests, planning instruction which will adapt to the different learning approaches and the different pace of progress of the students.Setting out from this paradigm, this paper, which is based on a realized research, aims to offer findings about the treatment of the individual characteristics of the early school-age children in our country. According to this, we carried out a research in four primary schools in Skopje, which showed us that the teachers lack the appropriate conditions and possibilities to monitor and record the individual characteristics and the specific differences of the students in the early school period.
SELF-IMAGE IN CHILDREN OF DIVORCED PARENTS
Authors: Angjelkoska Slagjana , Stankovska Gordana , Dimitrovski Dimitar
Published: January 2021

The family and its important role in the development of the child is the inspiration for many types of research that have the intention to emphasize certain aspects of family life and the consequences of the family relations in the development of the children.The issue of this research is to find out if there is a connection between the conflict in the family, the divorce of the parents and self-concept in the children of early school age. The research is conducted on 30 children of single-parent families. The children of these single-parent families are children who have lived in families with conflicts and they have been direct or indirect participants in the conflict of the divorced parents.In the process of research, we applied projective techniques: Machover which consists of drawing a person’s figure, as well as a drawing a house and a tree-HTP (House-Tree-Person).The results are obtained through qualitative analysis and interpretation of each drawing particularly.During the investigation the relation between the variables, it is confirmed that there is a considerable connection between the conflict in the family, the divorce of the parents and the self-concept in children. It is confirmed, during the process that the children of divorced parents from negative self-concept. In children of single-parent families it is indicated that this group of children in relation to the psychological picture for themselves presented the following characteristics: lowered EGO, mechanisms for defense, feeling of insecurity, low self-confidence, aggressiveness, great virility, and caution.
ENHANCING TEACHER COMPETENCIES WITH EMOTIONAL AND ETHICAL CAPACITY
Authors: Gulevska Valentina , Atanasoska Tatjana
Published: January 2021

A key element in contemporary qualifications frameworks is the specification of learning outcomes. The learning outcomes usually are described by the use of active verbs expressing knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation, etc. All this verbs describe a sphere of cognitive intelligence. But, rationality is only a part of the broad human potentials and powers. From there, affective components of learning can provide a valuable tool that helps teachers to enhance their competencies with emotional and ethical capacity. Those who have authority over others, such as the teachers, should be wary against the misuse of the power of their positions. For this reason, when we talk about the teachers’ competency standards, we must take into account the feelings, reflections, interactions and ethical attitudes in education. This paper focuses on the important emotional and ethical aspects of the relationships that teachers have with their students.
INVESTIGATING FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS’ LEARNING IN A TEAM TEACHING SETTING
Authors: L Killingsworth Brenda , Xue Yajiong
Published: January 2021

Team teaching factors, including mission clarity, affiliation, innovativeness, and fairness, are examined to determine how they influence student learning in a team-taught course. The study involved 184 college students enrolled in an Introduction to Computers course delivered in a team-taught format in a large university located in the United States. The collaborative teaching design followed a traditional team teaching approach with an instructor team teaching the same course collaboratively. Students enrolled in the team-taught course filled out an online survey targeted at identifying key factors that influence student-based outcomes (satisfaction and competency) in the course. Results showed that instructor team mission clarity, affiliation, and fairness are significantly related to students’ satisfaction while instructor team mission clarity and fairness are significantly related to students’ competency.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Perempuan dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Pegawai (Studi Kasus Pemimpin Daerah Kabupaten Tanggamus)
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Novera Halida , Yulianto Yulianto ,   Universitas Lampung, Hutagalung Simon Sumanjoyo ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: January 2021

Leadership style is important in an organization, if a leader can adapt his leadership style to the existing situations and conditions, it can affect the performance of his subordinates. In Tanggamus Regency currently led by a woman leader, namely Dewi Handajani, different from previous periods in this period the first time Tanggamus Regency was led by a woman. Therefore, this study aims to determine the leadership style of Tanggamus Regency regional leaders and whether this leadership style affects the performance of employees in Tanggamus Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive research method with a qualitative approach, data collection is done using interview and documentation techniques. The results showed that the leadership style used by the local leaders of Tanggamus Regency, namely the feminine leadership style tends to be transformational and the style applied is able to influence the improvement of employee performance in Tanggamus Regency.
Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Melalui Pengembangan Energi Berbasis Biogas (Studi pada Desa Sangun Ratu Kecamatan Pubian Kabupaten Lampung Tengah)
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Sidabutar Firsta Yuni , Ma'arif Syamsul ,   Universitas Lampung, Mulyana Nana ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: January 2021

Energy is the most basic need for human. Energy utilized in various areas to support various activities in daily life. Energy that commonly used by community now is fossil energy such as petroleum, natural gas and coal. Those energy resouces are not renewable energy that might have depletion vulnerability of supplies. Therefore, in order to always be used by society in supporting their daily activities, energy must be developed. The development of energy can be done by using a renewable energy that abundantly available in Indonesia. One of renewable energies that can be developed in Indonesia is biogas energy that comes from livestock manure management in biogas reactors. One of regions in Indonesia that has done development of biogas energy is Sangun Ratu Village Pubian Subdistrict Central Lampung Regency. The purpose of this research is to describe the energy sustainability development and achievement of energy independence based on biogas in Sangun Ratu Village. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques resourced from observation, documentation and depth interviews. The results of this study are described based on development management functions consisting of planning, mobilizing natural resources, budgeting, implementing development, coordinating, monitoring and evaluating and supervising sustainable development efforts which consist of aligning needs with natural resources, development of human resources, a triangle of partnerships and development with a long-term perspective. Sustainable development through the development of biogas-based energy in Sangun Ratu Village has been carried out in a sustainable manner from the end of 2013 to 2019. However, energy independence in Sangun Ratu Village has not been achieved because only 15.11% of the total community uses biogas-based independent energy to meet their daily energy needs. days such as cooking, petromax lighting and the use of bio-slurry (biogas waste).
PENGEMBANGAN MATA KULIAH HADIS TARBAWI PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI ISLAM
Authors: Nawas M Zuhri Abu , Sapruddin Sapruddin
Published: January 2021

The Tarbawi Hadith material development is a study carried out in the framework of development and component results and approach analysis. This included the development of tarbawi hadith course accessed by integrating and interconnecting science. This research provided inspiration and innovation in the development of constructive scientific quality and presenting reinforcement of learning formulation material as a scientific study program. This  study applied an exploratory-descriptive research designed qualitatively. The development of the Tarbawi hadith material required systemic steps and  applied by maximizing the sustainable aspect of inter-connectivity between the basic structured of allied subject matter for the aspects of material functions and the methodology of the study of hadith material related to the contemporary religious studies.
Si Rukat Nakan dalam Masyarakat Karo
Authors: Sembiring Raharja , Paonganan Dina Datu , Butar-butar Rut Debora
Published: January 2021

This article aims to describe the relations of equality and respect for men and women in the Karo cultural frame. The relationship between the two, where adat (culture) is the main reference often has bad-faced implications for the Karo patriarchy. Patriarch Karo is often claimed not to have a space of equality and respect for women. The problem will be focused on the use of idioms attached to Karo women. One idiom that is very attached to Karo women is rukat nakan. Idiom the rukat nakan describes the domestic duties of women, namely arranging accommodation and household logistics. With regard to the relationship between men and women, feminists claim the rukat nakan idiom is a form of condescension toward women, even an attempt to domesticate Karo patriarchal role of women. On the other hand, this idiom is also often referred to to validate the wife's subordination to her husband. The results of the research through interviews, literary research and analysis of Karo song poems, the idioms of rukat nakan are an illustration of the appreciation of the domestic role of women. Si rukat nakan is a domestic assignment which describes a very private relationship between husband and wife. The term “si rukat nakan” is not to denigrate or domesticate women, but it shows respect for women's roles.
Pesan Edukasi Seksual bagi Remaja Tengger Melalui Tari Sodoran
Authors: Sukmawan Sony , Ramadhani Asri Kamila , Firdaus Elvin Nuril
Published: January 2021

An open talk about sexual matters has become a taboo thing for most societies, and it is no exception for Tenggerese society. Through the internalization of traditions, Tengger ancestors gave their encoded message to children and adolescents on the subject of life, including sexual issues. The symbolism of sexual education was beautifully and courteously transmitted through the dance gestures of the Sodoran Dance. This research aimed to reveal the symbolic messages of the Sodoran dance that employs folklorism approaches and cultural studies. The collecting and analysis of data are done by ethnographic to unfold deeply and holistic to the culture of the Tenggerese people through the presentation of their view of life. This research shows that every part of the Sodoran dance represents the origin of human life which is from male and female meetings, marriage, birth, until the journey of human life. The Tenggerese adolescents’ exposure in the dance is reflected cultural transmission tendencies, a form of recognition, learning, and an expression of room in culture to grow more and more love of culture. More specifically, Sodoran dance is essentially a form of sexual education for the Tenggerese adolescents.
Perilaku Pemilih Etnik Aceh Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah 2017 Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya
Authors: Sugara Robbi , Pujiati Pujiati , Azhari Ichwan
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to find out about the behavior of Acehnese ethnic voters in determining regional head candidates in accordance with the expectations of voters and the form of strategies used by regional head candidates in gaining sympathy from the people of Southwest Aceh. This research uses ethnographic methods. Research techniques with in-depth interviews and participatory observation of campaign teams, leaders and the community in the implementation of the 2017 elections. From the results of the study, the community chose regional head candidates based on vision and mission related to social welfare such as, empowering farming communities by cutting seed and fertilizer prices, or scholarships for underprivileged children. In getting the voices of the people of Southwest Aceh, prospective regional heads have strategies using cultural symbols such as traditional clothing, meukotop skullcaps, rencong, agamai and post bases. Then the candidates also make use of community groups such as the Koran and youth communities. With a strategy approach to cultural symbols and community groups, the candidates hope to gain the voice of the community and be able to provide knowledge to the younger generation about awareness of the cultural values of Aceh in the Southwest Aceh District.
Pembinaan Nilai-nilai Karakter Kewirausahaan Siswa dalam Membangun Karakter Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Erlinda Pepi , Montessori Maria
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the development of the entrepreneurial character values of students in building the character of the Indonesian Nation in the State Vocational High School (SMKN) 2 Lubuk Basung. These character values are creative, hard work, disciplined and honest. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Informants in this study were the principal, teachers, heads of departments and students. Data collected through interviews, observation and documentation. Data validity test is done by checking (triangulation) by checking the correctness of the data then comparing the data obtained from other sources. The data obtained were analyzed by referring to the Miles and Huberman analysis model with steps namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing (verification). The results of this study explain that coaching entrepreneurial character through entrepreneurial learning. The character form of honesty of students is to sell the results of their own practice by reporting the results to the teacher, doing assignments honestly. Discipline Character completes assignments and enters class on time, using practice clothes when practice. The character of hard work completing tasks in accordance with the specified time, looking for information relating to the given task. The creative character determines the product to be produced, resolves obstacles with its own abilities.
Pengembangan Modul Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Kunto Darussalam
Authors: Nurjanah Nurjanah , Isnarmi Isnarmi
Published: January 2021

This article aims to develop the learning of Citizenship Education based on local wisdom in improving student learning outcomes on material systems and the dynamics of Pancasila democracy in State Senior High School 1 Kunto Darussalam. The research model used is Research and Development. The focus of the study is in the field of Citizenship Education learning module design which collaborates on the material system and the dynamics of Pancasila democracy with local wisdom of Malay Malay culture. In accordance with Dewey's opinion; learning must be contextualized and adjusted for real life situations (Rusmiati et al, 2013). The data of this study were collected using tests, questionnaires, observations and interviews analyzed qualitatively. From the results of the study showed an increase in the average value of students from 2.1 to 3.1 with a total completeness level of 63.3% to 86.7%. 94.5% of students gave positive responses to learning. From the results of the study concluded that the learning module based on local wisdom can increase students' interest and learning outcomes in the material system and the dynamics of Pancasila democracy.
Supporting and Inhibiting Dimensions of Civilizing Process In Local Wisdom-Based Character Education
Authors: Ghufronudin Ghufronudin
Published: January 2021

This research aimed to find out cause, form and supporting and inhibiting dimensions of character education civilizing process based on local wisdom in SMA Batik 2 Surakarta, Indonesia. The problem is focused on the character-building process informal education. To approach this problem the theoretical reference is used the civilizing process of theory by Norbert Elias. Data is collected through used were observation, in-depth interview and documentation and analyzed qualitatively.  This study concludes that there was an unprepared condition of psychogenesis and sociogenesis in the local wisdom-based character education civilizing process.  The novelty of this research is the analysis of character education based on local wisdom with the perspective of the theory of civilization Norbert Elias. The presence of local content policy in school curriculum structure, adequate school infrastructure, and supporting school and foundation management served to be the main supporting dimension. Internal inhibiting dimension included the school stakeholders’ poor awareness of understanding and implementing local wisdom value in daily life and poor synergy in cultural local content learning in organizing and developing teaching material. External inhibiting dimension included no government regulation governing the integration of local wisdom content into every subject, less optimum role and cooperation of social environment, and parents’ low commitment to supporting the process of civilizing character education based on local wisdom.
Media Pembelajaran Hidden Curriculum terhadap Pendidikan Anti Korupsi
Authors: Hapsari Dian Indriana , Utomo St. Dwiarso , Suhartono Entot
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out about the role of hidden curriculum learning media regarding the anticorruption education. The problem is focused on the level of undergraduate student’s interest in prevention and eradication of corruption in Indonesia through anticorruption hidden curriculum taught at college. Datas are collected by interview with final semester undergraduate students as the sample, observation, and documentation technique to be analyzed qualitatively. The result of this study shows that hidden curriculum as learning media regarding anticorruption education is taught and responded differently by each students. It is concluded that most students are interested in the corruption problem and support the efforts to eradicate corruption. The obstacle is the lack of student ability to organize regarding to prevent and eradicate corruption.
Pengaruh Electronic Word of Mouth terhadap Travel Intention Wisatawan ke Nuart Sculpture Park Bandung
Authors: Nurfitri Fauziah , Utami Dwiesty Dyah
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine how electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on TripAdvisor affects travel intention of tourists to Nuart Sculpture Park Bandung. The problem in this study is focused on the influence of eWOM on tourist travel intention due to the current development of the internet helps tourist destinations to market their products. In addition, TripAdvisor was chosen in this study as a platform that has a role as a very popular online travel review site by displaying reviews from tourists and can be read by other travelers. To approach this problem, this study uses Ajzen’s statement (2015) which mentions that travel intention can be predicted from 3 factors, namely behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs. This research uses descriptive quantitative method, by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents, and analyzed using descriptive statistical data analysis techniques along with simple linear regression. This study concludes that tourist travel intention can be influenced by electronic word of mouth by 61.1% while 38.9% is influenced by other factors.
Penerapan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah dalam Mengembangkan Kualitas Peserta Didik
Authors: Nurpratiwi Suci , Amaliyah Amaliyah
Published: January 2021

This study discusses school-based management in relation to developing the quality of students. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the steps of each component of school management that affect the quality development of students. To approach this problem, the theoretical references used by G.A. Cole regarding open system management, and also a theory about the concept Total Quality Management. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data collection was obtained through observation, interview, and documentation techniques. This study concludes that the development of the quality of students can be supported through a good management process, the components that influence it include the instrumental input component, including the role of a good headmaster, competent educational resources and teaching staff, complete and supporting infrastructure facilities, components environmental input includes establishing good relations with the school environment, parents, and related institutions, the process component includes the management of a conducive learning process, and the implementation of school culture as a manifest of the hidden curriculum, the output component is enhancement the quality of students.
Kontribusi Seni Bagi Pendidikan
Authors: Wiflihani Wiflihani
Published: January 2021

Kontribusi seni dalam pendidikan adalah bagaimana Nilai keindahan seni tidak hanya merupakan ekspresi yang menyimak keindahan dan memperkaya khasanah batin, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai media yang memperhalus budi pekerti manusia. Dalam hal ini, pendidikan juga sangat berperan penting bagi pemahaman (apresiasi) seni bagi masyarakat melalui karya seni yang ditampilkan seniman. Tidak hanya itu, seniman juga memerlukan pendidik dan kritikus seni untuk menyambungkan karya seni bagi masyarakat. Pendidikan yang memberi peluang bagi apresiasi seni yang lebih luas bagi masyarakat, akan dapat memberikan pendalaman yang lebih pada seni. Secara otomatis, seni juga akan dapat memberikan sumbangan pada proses pendidikan, mapun sebaliknya
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa (Studi Kasus Di SMA N 1 Bintang Bayu Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai)
Authors: Siallagan Ardin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui hasil belajar siswa pada pokok bahasan sumber daya alam yang diajar dengan model Snowball Throwing (2) untuk mengetahui aktifitas siswa melalui model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing (3) untuk mengetahui efektifitas dalam penerapan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing. Penelitian PTK ini dilaksanakan di Bintang Bayu pada Tahun akademik 2010, objek penelitian 1 kelas yang berjumlah 32 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur hasil belajar berupa tes objektif. Reabilitas tes diuji dengan menggunakan Teknik Korelasi Produk Moment dengan hasil sebesar 0.304( r=0.7127). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara komunikasi langsung dan tidak langsung. Teknik analisa yang digunakan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa model Snowball Throwing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dengan melihat keaktifan pada siklus I sebesar 70% dan keaktifan pada siklus II sebesar 85% dan Ketuntasan Klasikal pada siklus I sebesar 86 % dan ketuntasan klasikal pada siklus II sebesar 94%. Penerapan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing merupakan model yang efektif digunakan karena antara materi pelajaran dan model pembelajaran signifikan untuk digunakan.   Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran, Snowball Throwing
PENGARUH BUDAYA DAN AGAMA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN SUSU LEMBU DALAM RITUAL KEAGAMAAN SUKU PUNJABI PENGANUT AGAMA SIKH DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Rosramadhana Rosramadhana , Andriansyah Dedi , Febryani Ayu , Sebayang Sonya Indri
Published: January 2021

Ritual keagamaan menjadi salah satu cara  manusia untuk mendekatkan diri dengan Tuhan yang memiliki kekuatan tersebut. Emosi keagamaan semakin terbangun, sehingga kepatuhan dalam menjalankan segala perintah agamanya dan menjauhi segala yang dilarang oleh Tuhan akan semakin terlaksana. Begitu juga dengan Suku Punjabi penganut agama Sikh di Kota Medan. Suku Punjabi penganut agama Sikh adalah salah satu etnik yang berasal dari India Utara. Dalam ritual keagamaan yang dilakukan, umat Sikh tidak pernah terlepas dari penggunaan susu lembu baik ketika sembahyang di Gurdwara (rumah ibadah umat Sikh), maupun dalam ritual keagamaan lainnya. Menggunakan metode peneitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara tidak terstruktur dan analisis etnografi serta analisis domain, penelitian ini mengungkapkan pengaruh dan dampak terhadap penggunaan susu lembu dalam ritual keagamaan Suku Punjabi penganut agama Sikh di Kota Medan. Ternyata susu lembu menjadi penguat betapa sakralnya ritual keagamaan tersebut. Susu lembu diolah menjadi sebuah makanan (karha parsad) yang kemudian menjadi media pada saat dilakukan Ardas (prosesi berdoa). Karha parsad tersebut kemudian dipotong dan dibagikan kepada umat Sikh lainnya.
SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN PEREMPUAN DI TAPANULI UTARA (1868-1945)
Authors: Sinaga Kristina Meilina , Simarmata Tumpal
Published: January 2021

Sejarah pendidikan perempuan di Tapanuli Utara di mulai sejak tahun 1868 dengan mulai berkembangnya agama Kristen yang di bawa para zending. Pendidikan Perempuan sesudah masuknya zending mengalami perubahan yaitu pendidikan diselenggarakan untuk memperolah pengetahuan dan informasi dan tidak hanya sebatas pada kebutuhan hidup ataupun peran dalam adat-adat. Peran zending dalam memajukan pendidikan masyarakat Tapanuli Utara membawa dampak pada perkembangan pendidikan perempuan. Penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Tapanuli Utara sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh para zending (RMG), dengan sekolah-sekolah yang memenuhi syarat mendapat subsidi dari pemerintah kolonial. Pendidikan perempuan di Tapanuli Utara membawa dampak akan kemajuan pada bidang agama (kepercayaan), kegiatan politik, ekonomi sosial serta pendidikan terhadap masyarakatnya. Seluruh sekolah-sekolah yang dibangun para misionaris atau zending di serahkan dan dikelolah HKBP. Sebagian lagi adanya yang diambil alih pemertintah dan ada juga yang hancur atau hilang. Hingga sekarang terdapat beberapa inventaris sekolah-sekolah yang masih dapat digunakan (seperti lonceng, bangunan, brankas, dll). Bahkan beberapa sekolah ada yang dihancurkan hingga menjadi lahan perladangan.
PROFESIONALISME GURU PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Widodo Rahayu Sehat
Published: January 2021

Implementasi KTSP memerlukan sosok seorang guru yang memiliki kemampuan manajerial dan integritas professional yang tinggi, serta demokratis dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran di kelas. Guru profesional akan dapat menyelenggarakan proses pembelajaran dan penilaian yang menyenangkan bagi peserta didiknya, sehingga dapat mendorong tumbuhnya kreativitas belajar pada diri peserta didik. Kesiapan guru dalam pelaksanaan kurikulum sangat menentukan minat dan partisipasi peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Melalui  pelaksanaan dan penyusunan kurikulum yang sesuai diharapkan peserta didik tidak hanya dapat memiliki ilmu pengetahuan namun juga memiliki kesan yang mendalam tentang materi pelajaran, sehingga dapat membentuk peserta didik yang cerdas, terampil, dan berkarakter sesuai dengan yang  diamanatkan oleh Pancasila dan UUD 1945.
RESPON AGAMA-AGAMA TERHADAP SPIRITUALISME
Authors: Nur Ramli
Published: January 2021

Spritualisme adalah aliran filsafat yang mengutamakan kerohanian. Sedang spritualisme dari pandangan agama ditafsirkan dengan makna yang beragam oleh banyak orang. Namun spritualitas merupakan potensi manusia yang tidak mungkin hilang dalam kondisi dan situasi apapun. Spritualitas akan terus berkembang sejalan dengan kebutuhan manusia, yang berada di puncak rasionalitas, dan berada di sebuah “era” disebut globalisasi dan era postmodern. Pada dasarnya, manusia adalah mahluk spritual karena selalu terdorong oleh kebutuhan untuk mengajukan pertanyaan “mendasar” atau “pokok”. Mengapa saya dilahirkan? Apakah makna hidup saya? Buat apa saya melanjutkan hidup saat lelah, depresi atau merasa terkalahkan? Kata spritualitas agama berarti berkenaan dengan mental (kesadaran), perasaan, moralitas dan nilai-nilai luhur lainnya yang bersumber dari ajaran agama. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan respon agama-agama, dikhususkan pada agama Kristen dan gama Islam terhadap spritualisme.
PERUBAHAN KERJA ADAT PADA UPACARA PERKAWINAN ADAT KARO (SUATU STUDI PADA MASYARAKAT KARO BALUREN, DESA PALDING JAYA SUMBUL KECAMATAN TIGALINGGA KABUPATEN DAIRI)
Authors: Pinem Mbina
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk acara nganting manuk dan mata kerja, perubahan yang terjadi, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan, tanggapan masyarakat tentang terjadinya perubahan dan peranan rakut si telu dalam acara nganting manuk dan mata kerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan nara sumber tokoh – tokoh masyarakat. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik : observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : telah terdapat perubahan dalam acara nganting manuk dan mata kerja, antara lain : pemakaian musik keyboard, menari, menyanyi pengantin dan orangtua pengantin, pemberian cokong-cokong (saweran), penggunaan produk pabrik, dan peran anak beru yang berkurang. Faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan adalah faktor dari dalam antara lain : bertambahnya penduduk, kebutuhan akan hiburan, ekonomi dan efisiensi waktu, sedangkan dari luar adalah faktor pengaruh agama, inovasi dan teknologi. Tokoh-tokoh masyarakat dapat menerima penggunaan keyboard sebagai hiburan dan pemberian cokong-cokong kepada pengantin, tetapi tidak menghendaki orangtua pengantin menari, menyanyi, dan mendapat cokong-cokong. Perubahan juga menimbulkan dampak positif dan negatif. Dampak negatif yaitu terpenuhinya hiburan, terkumpulnya dana dan efisiensi waktu, sedangkan dampak negatif yaitu: menimbulkan beban ekonomi, sosial dan kurangnya rasa solidaritas dari kerabat.
KRISIS NILAI BUDAYA MENURUT PANDANGAN KRISTEN
Authors: Silitonga Sabar
Published: January 2021

Diketahui bahwa budaya tidak dapat dipisahkan dari manusia, justru budaya itu adalah hasil manusia. Segala sesuatu yang dihasilkan manusia itu melalui pikiran, perasaan dan kemauannya, itulah yang disebut kebudayaan. Jika terjadi krisis kebudayaan maka sesungguhnya yang harus dicari penyebabnya adalah pada pemikiran, perasaan, dan kemauan manusia itu sendiri. Krisis budaya adalah krisis kemanusiaan. Memahami manusia dapat ditinjau dari berbagai sudut. Misalnya, dari sudut antrophologi, biologi, sosiologi dan filsafat. Tetapi dalam tulisan ini, sudut pandang yang dipakai adalah Iman Kristen berdasarkan Alkitab. Menurut Alkitab, pada mulanya manusia itu sangat baik adanya. Kemudian akibat dosa manusia berubah menjadi tidak baik. Jika kebudayaan dianggap sebagai hasil kemanusiaan, maka produk manusia yang sudah tidak baik juga membuat kebudayaan menjadi tidak baik. Produk – produk ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, kesenian dan sikap hidup sehari-hari pun menjadi merosot dan tidak baik. Sikap mengangungkan dan mendewakan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan kesenian, membuat manusia jatuh pada krisis nilai kebudayaan. Kembali kepada jati diri manusia yang sesungguhnya, sebagai ciptaan Allah yang sangat baik, dan sikap konsisten terhadap apa yang diimani, maka orang beriman akan terhindar dari krisis kebudayaan.
PROFIL PERILAKU LINGKUNGAN HIDUP SISWA SMA NEGERI DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Suriani Meilinda , Restu Restu
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil perilaku lingkungan hidup siswa SMA Negeri Kota Medan ditinjau dari (1) kemampuan kognitif siswa terhadap lingkungan hidup, (2) kemampuan afektif siswa terhadap lingkungan hidup, (3) kemampuan psikomotor siswa terhadap lingkungan hidup. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMA Negeri Kota Medan Kelas XI dengan sampel ditentukan berdasarkan letak sekolah dari pusat, tengah, pinggir kota, maka dipilih SMAN 1, SMAN 10, SMAN 4, SMAN 5, SMAN 17, dan SMAN 21 yang diambil masing-masing satu kelas secara acak. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes terstruktur yang diberi pembobotan berskala 5 dan dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan Rumus Sturgess. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kemampuan kognitif siswa tentang lingkungan hidup berada pada kategori baik yaitu 91,15% dari 190 siswa, (2) kemampuan afektif siswa tentang lingkungan hidup berada pada kategori baik yaitu 76,21%, (3) kemampuan psikomotor  siswa tentang lingkungan hidup berada pada kategori baik yaitu 61,67%.
GENDANG LIMAPULUH KURANG DUA PADA MASYARAKAT ETNIS KARO DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Wiflihani Wiflihani
Published: January 2021

Lewat media iringan bunyi-bunyian (musik), cerita mitos kejadian dunia (kosmogoni) pada satu masyarakat tertentu disajikan dengan sedemikian indah dan terasa menggugah perasaan bagi siapa saja yang mendengarkannya meskipun tidak melalui dialog secara literer. Demikian pula dengan Gendang Karo Limapuluh Kurang Dua yang berisi tentang cerita kosmogoni yang dipercayai oleh masyarakat Karo. Melalui media musik yang disajikan oleh 4 orang Sierjabaten yang terdiri dari: pengual 1, pengual 2, penarune dan penabuh gong.  Gendang ini berdurasi hampir 2 jam yang terbagi dalam 6 frase, terdiri dari 48 gendang tanpa teks tertulis, dan mempunyai makna dan arti berlainan antara satu gendang dengan gendang yang lain. Teriakan allep-allep sebanyak 3 kali yang artinya luapan tanda gembira (hore-hore) oleh semua yang hadir, selalu menjadi tanda bagi setiap akhir dan memulai frase.
KEMAMPUAN GURU MELAKUKAN PENILAIAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI INTERNALISASI NILAI KEJUJURAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN
Authors: Setiawan Fandi
Published: January 2021

Kemampuan guru melakukan penilaian dalam proses pembelajaran PKn  sudah terlaksana cukup baik. Bahwa mereka sudah melakukan penilaian dalam proses pembelajaran, dari kegiatan awal, kegiatan inti sampai kegiatan akhir. Kurangnya perhatian guru terhadap pembuatan RPP ini mengisyaratkan bahwa proses perencanaan pembelajaran masih belum sempurna. Karena penyusunan rencana pembelajaran merupakan suatu bagian terpenting dalam melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar di kelas. Untuk guru RPP tersebut merupakan acuan atau skenario yang harus dilalui tahap demi tahap dalam memberikan materi kepada siswa. Dengan uraian-uraian di atas, kiranya dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru PKn telah melaksanakan penilaian proses pembelajaran sebagaimana mestinya, meskipun masih terdapat kekurangan-kekurangan yang dikarenakan masih terbatasnya kemampuan guru dalam pembuatan perencanaan penilaian maupun pelaksanaan penilaian. Oleh karena itu, perlu strategi yang tepat dalam menginternalisasikan nilai kejujuran terhadap siswa. Hal tersebut menggambarkan strategi dan langkah-langkah menginternalisasikan nilai kejujuran oleh guru mata pelajaran PKn. PKn sebagai salah satu mata pelajaran wajib disekolah merupakan mata pelajaran yang mengajarkan pentingnya penenaman nilai-nilai karakter pada peserta didik. PKn mempunyai peran yang vital menanamkan dan mengembangkan nilai-nilai tersebut.