bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-cost 3D scanning systems for cultural heritage documentation
Authors: Gautier Quentin Kevin , Garrison Thomas G. , Rushton Ferrill , Bouck Nicholas , Lo Eric , Tueller Peter , Schurgers Curt , Kastner Ryan
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Digital documentation techniques of tunneling excavations at archaeological sites are becoming more common. These methods, such as photogrammetry and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), are able to create precise three-dimensional models of excavations to complement traditional forms of documentation with millimeter to centimeter accuracy. However, these techniques require either expensive pieces of equipment or a long processing time that can be prohibitive during short field seasons in remote areas. This article aims to determine the effectiveness of various low-cost sensors and real-time algorithms to create digital scans of archaeological excavations.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a class of algorithms called SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) along with depth-sensing cameras. While these algorithms have largely improved over recent years, the accuracy of the results still depends on the scanning conditions. The authors developed a prototype of a scanning device and collected 3D data at a Maya archaeological site and refined the instrument in a system of natural caves. This article presents an analysis of the resulting 3D models to determine the effectiveness of the various sensors and algorithms employed.

Findings

While not as accurate as commercial LiDAR systems, the prototype presented, employing a time-of-flight depth sensor and using a feature-based SLAM algorithm, is a rapid and effective way to document archaeological contexts at a fraction of the cost.

Practical implications

The proposed system is easy to deploy, provides real-time results and would be particularly useful in salvage operations as well as in high-risk areas where cultural heritage is threatened.

Originality/value

This article compares many different low-cost scanning solutions for underground excavations, along with presenting a prototype that can be easily replicated for documentation purposes.
Entrepreneurial marketing strategy, institutional environment, and business performance of SMEs in Egypt
Authors: Adel Heba Mohamed , Mahrous Abeer A. , Hammad Rasha
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this research paper is to study the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing strategy (EMS), institutional environment (IE) and business performance (BP). Further, it examines the role of gender and entrepreneurial experience (EE) as moderators of EMS-BP and IE-BP relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the literature review, the authors proposed a conceptual model that was tested using a quantitative approach. Questionnaires were filled by 202 owners/entrepreneurs of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt. Because of the absence of a formal population-frame for the Egyptian SMEs, non-probability quota sampling technique was used that considered differences in gender and EE. SmartPLS software was used for data analysis.

Findings

The results indicated that EMS has significant positive effect on BP. IE has significant positive effect on EMS but insignificant effect on BP. Gender was found to be moderating significantly both the EMS-BP and IE-BP relationships. However, EE was found to be an insignificant moderator in the EMS-BP relationship.

Practical implications

The findings communicate insights to the SMEs on the importance of undertaking proactive, risk-taking and innovative activities while creating and delivering value to their customers. Also, it encapsulates further implications for policymakers to promote a better IE for entrepreneurship in Egypt.

Originality/value

This study contributes conceptually to the interdisciplinary research that investigated the integration between entrepreneurship and marketing as a successful functional strategy in SMEs and its effect on enhancing BP and market share. Empirically, it adds value to the available literature on contemporary strategic entrepreneurship by analysing these IE-EMS-EE-Gender-BP relationships in a promising, yet under-researched, transitional economy.
A study of consumer choice between sustainable and non-sustainable apparel cues in Poland
Authors: Rahman Osmud , Koszewska Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to expand the existing knowledge on fashion consumption in general and age/gender effects on clothing choice in particular. This study was undertaken to empirically examine the importance of various sustainable and non-sustainable apparel cues, as well as the functional, aesthetic, symbolic, financial, environmental and social/ethical aspects of clothing. Although Poland's economy has been transformed remarkably over the last decade, there is still a paucity of empirical research focusing on this area has been conducted.

Design/methodology/approach

A self-administered online survey was employed for this study. Twenty product cues (10 non-sustainable cues and 10 sustainable), eight items of ‘environmental commitment and behaviour’ measuring scale and demographic questions were used for data collection and empirical testing.

Findings

A total of 288 useable surveys were collected for analysis. The results revealed that many Polish consumers would not purchase a sustainable or ‘green’ product if it did not provide enough aesthetic, functional and financial benefits to satisfy their needs and aspirations. Women were more reliant on garment fit and style than men. Our findings underscore several meaningful implications and useful information. Sustainable fashion is not merely about environmental, social and ethical benefits, but their aesthetic, functional, symbolic and financial values must be factored in as well.

Originality/value

There is limited empirical research examining the age and gender effects in relation to sustainable and non-sustainable apparel cues. Unlike many previous research that only focused on one dimension or single aspect of clothing (e.g. aesthetic/hedonic attribute or functional/utilitarian attribute).
A review of postharvest approaches to reduce fungal and mycotoxin contamination of foods
Authors: Liu Yue , Galani Yamdeu Joseph Hubert , Gong Yun Yun , Orfila Caroline
Published: May 2020

Contamination of agricultural and food products by some fungi species that produce mycotoxins can result in unsafe food and feed. Mycotoxins have been demonstrated to have disease‐causing activities, including carcinogenicity, immune toxicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. Most of mycotoxins are heat stable and cannot be easily destroyed by conventional thermal food processing or domestic cooking methods. Postharvest approaches to prevent growth of mycotoxin‐producing fungi and detoxify mycotoxins from contaminated food are important topics in food safety research. Physical, chemical, and biological methods have been applied to prevent fungal growth or mycotoxin production, or to reduce mycotoxin content in the postharvest period and contribute toward mitigating against the effects of mycotoxins on human health. This literature review aims to evaluate postharvest approaches that have been applied to control both fungi growth and mycotoxin content in food and discuss their potential for upscaling to industrial scale.
Dynamics of canopy‐dwelling arthropods under different weed management options, including glyphosate, in conventional and genetically modified insect‐resistant maize
Authors: García‐Ruiz Esteban , Cobos Guillermo , Sánchez‐Ramos Ismael , Pascual Susana , Chueca María‐Cristina , Escorial María‐Concepción , Santín‐Montanyá Inés , Loureiro Íñigo , González‐Núñez Manuel
Published: May 2020

The use of genetically modified varieties tolerant to herbicides (HT varieties) and resistant to insects (Bt varieties) in combination with application of a broad‐spectrum herbicide such as glyphosate could be an effective option for the simultaneous control of weeds and pests in maize. Nevertheless, the possible impact of these tools on nontarget arthropods still needs to be evaluated. In a field study in central Spain, potential changes in populations of canopy‐dwelling arthropods in Bt maize under different weed management options, including glyphosate application, were investigated. Canopy‐dwelling arthropods were sampled by visual inspection and yellow sticky traps. The Bt variety had no effect on any group of studied arthropods, except for the expected case of corn borers—the target pests of Bt maize. Regarding the effects of herbicide regimes, the only observed difference was a lower abundance of Cicadellidae and Mymaridae on yellow sticky traps in plots not treated with pre‐emergence herbicides. This effect was especially pronounced in a treatment involving two glyphosate applications. The decrease in Cicadellidae and Mymaridae populations was associated with a higher density of weeds in plots, which may have hindered colonization of the crop by leafhoppers. These differences, however, were only significant in the last year of the study. The low likelihood of the use of glyphosate‐ and herbicide‐tolerant varieties for weed control triggering important effects on the nontarget arthropod fauna of the maize canopy is discussed.
Interrogating Technology‐led Experiments in Sustainability Governance
Authors: Bernards Nick , Campbell‐Verduyn Malcolm , Rodima‐Taylor Daivi , Duberry Jerome , DuPont Quinn , Dimmelmeier Andreas , Huetten Moritz , Mahrenbach Laura C. , Porter Tony , Reinsberg Bernhard
Published: May 2020

Solutions to global sustainability challenges are increasingly technology‐intensive. Yet, technologies are neither developed nor applied to governance problems in a socio‐political vacuum. Despite aspirations to provide novel solutions to current sustainability governance challenges, many technology‐centred projects, pilots and plans remain implicated in longer‐standing global governance trends shaping the possibilities for success in often under‐recognized ways. This article identifies three overlapping contexts within which technology‐led efforts to address sustainability challenges are evolving, highlighting the growing roles of: (1) private actors; (2) experimentalism; and (3) informality. The confluence of these interconnected trends illuminates an important yet often under‐recognized paradox: that the use of technology in multi‐stakeholder initiatives tends to reduce rather than expand the set of actors, enhancing instead of reducing challenges to participation and transparency, and reinforcing rather than transforming existing forms of power relations. Without recognizing and attempting to address these limits, technology‐led multi‐stakeholder initiatives will remain less effective in addressing the complexity and uncertainty surrounding global sustainability governance. We provide pathways for interrogating the ways that novel technologies are being harnessed to address long‐standing global sustainability issues in manners that foreground key ethical, social and political considerations and the contexts in which they are evolving.
Patterns of surgical care for women with ovarian cancer in New South Wales
Authors: White Kahren M. , Walton Richard J. , Zhao George W. , Creighton Nicola , Farrell Rhonda , Saidi Samir , Herbst Unine , Hogg Russell , Currow David C.
Published: May 2020

Background

Little is known about the delivery of surgical services and outcomes for women with ovarian cancer across New South Wales (NSW).

Aim

The study objective was to provide a descriptive analysis of the proportion of women who had surgery for ovarian cancer in NSW in specialist gynaecological oncology hospitals and compare outcomes for women attending specialist and non‐specialist services in NSW.

Materials and Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis of women with primary ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer from 2009 to 2012. Data were analysed from the NSW Cancer Registry, NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection and Register of Births Deaths and Marriages. Treating hospitals were characterised as public specialist, public non‐specialist and private. Morbidity and mortality outcomes are reported.

Results

The study included 1106 women. Fifty‐seven hospitals performed surgery: seven public specialist, 27 private and 23 public non‐specialist hospitals. The highest proportion of surgery was performed in public specialist hospitals (61%). There was considerable variation in the utilisation of public specialist hospitals between local health districts. There was no significant difference in outcomes related to the type of hospital where surgery was performed.

Conclusions

Although the majority of women are having surgery in a specialist gynaecological oncology public hospital across NSW, many are not. Women living in regional and remote NSW were less likely to have their surgery in a specialist hospital. This is the first step in understanding where women in NSW are currently receiving their surgical care, as well as the outcomes related to this.
The perspective of unmanned aerial systems in forest management: Do we really need such details?
Authors: Komárek Jan
Published: May 2020

Forest ecosystems provide countless ecosystem services potentially mitigating the ongoing climate change; those services, however, suffer not only from the change of climate but also from a rising human pressure. Understanding of forest ecosystem complexity and consistent monitoring of ongoing changes can be a key to climate change mitigation. Remote sensing can capture data at various scales and times and can complement and enhance traditional forest field surveys. Low‐altitude aerial surveys conducted with unmanned aerial systems (UAS) may bridge the gap between remote imaging and field surveys, especially at local scales. The current professional UAS sensors offer astounding detail and accuracy but are associated with high costs. For everyday forest practice, information on forest structure and health status is needed. Such information can, however, also be captured by consumer‐grade UAS and casual cameras at reasonable costs with sufficient accuracy, which makes the high costs associated with better detail unjustifiable for the common forest practice.
Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Industrial Upgrading from the Perspective of Differences among Countries
Authors: Chen Hao , Pan Jiadong , Xiao Wen
Published: May 2020

This paper constructs a two‐sector model to identify the effects of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in different countries on China's industrial upgrading and conducts an empirical analysis using provincial‐level panel data from 2003–2015. The results show that China can benefit from industrial upgrading via OFDI in developed countries by way of reverse technology spillover. This effect is significant in the eastern region, but not in the central and western regions. China can also benefit from industrial upgrading via OFDI in developing countries and countries along the Belt and Road through marginal industrial transfer. This effect is more significant in the central region, followed by the western and eastern regions. Our results imply that China should promote technology‐seeking OFDI in developed countries, and enhance efficiency‐seeking OFDI in developing countries, especially in countries along the Belt and Road.
Mortality under early access to antiretroviral therapy vs. Eswatini’s national standard of care: the MaxART clustered randomized stepped‐wedge trial
Authors: Chao A , Spiegelman D , Khan S , Walsh F , Mazibuko S , Pasipamire M , Chai B , Reis R , Mlambo K , Delva W , Khumalo G , Zwane M , Fleming Y , Mafara E , Hettema A , Lejeune C , Bärnighausen T , Okello V
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Current WHO guidelines recommend the treatment of all HIV‐infected individuals with antiretroviral therapy (ART) to improve survival and quality of life, and decrease infection of others. MaxART is the first implementation trial of this strategy embedded within a government‐managed health system, and assesses mortality as a secondary outcome. Because primary findings strongly supported scale‐up of the ‘treat all’ strategy (hereafter Treat All), this analysis examines mortality as an additional indicator of its impact.

Methods

MaxART was conducted in 14 Eswatinian health clinics through a clinic‐based stepped‐wedge design, by transitioning clinics from then‐national standard of care (SoC) to the Treat All intervention. All‐cause, disease‐related, and HIV‐related mortality were analysed using the Cox proportional hazards model, censoring SoC participants at clinic transition. Median follow‐up time among study participants was 292 days. There were 36/2034 deaths in SoC (1.77%) and 49/1371 deaths in Treat All (3.57%).

Results

Between September 2014 and August 2017, 3405 participants were enrolled. In SoC and Treat All interventions, respectively, the multivariable‐adjusted 12‐month all‐cause mortality rates were 1.42% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66–2.17] and 1.60% (95% CI: 0.78–2.40), disease‐related mortality rates were 1.02% (95% CI: 0.40–1.64) and 1.10% (95% CI: 0.46–1.73), and HIV‐related mortality rates were 1.03% (95% CI: 0.40–1.65) and 0.99% (95% CI: 0.40–1.58). Treat All had no impact on all‐cause [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.58–2.18, P = 0.73], disease‐related (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.52–2.11, P = 0.90), or HIV‐related mortality (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.46–1.87, P = 0.83).

Conclusion

There was no immediate benefit of the Treat All strategy on mortality, nor evidence of harm. Longer follow‐up of participants is needed to establish long‐term consequences.
Association between social participation and cognitive function among community‐dwelling older adults living alone: Analysis of a nationally representative survey
Authors: Choi MoonKi
Published: May 2020

Aim

Social disengagement and cognitive decline commonly coexist among older adults, and living alone may be a significant risk factor for cognitive decline. This study aimed to identify differences in variables between older adults living alone and living with others; it also evaluated the association between social participation and cognitive function in older adults living alone.

Methods

A secondary analysis was performed using the data collected between June and August 2017 of 10 299 nationally representative adults aged ≥65 years, obtained from the Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs and the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Chi‐square and t tests were used to compare characteristics between the two groups. Multiple linear regression analyses were utilized to examine the association between social participation and cognition, after adjusting for other variables.

Results

Among 10 055 adults, 24% lived alone. Sociodemographic and health‐related variables and social participation differed significantly between the two groups. On multiple linear regression, participation in fraternal group activity, religious activity, and contact with siblings and relatives through phone calls or letters contributed significantly to cognitive function in older adults living alone.

Conclusion

Nurses can encourage various intellectually and emotionally stimulating social activities, as they help to maintain and improve the cognitive function of older people living alone.
The relationship between different social expenditure schemes and poverty, inequality and economic growth
Authors: Cammeraat Emile
Published: May 2020

In this article, we study how social expenditure is related to poverty, income inequality and GDP growth. Our main contribution is to disentangle these relationships by the following social expenditure schemes: 1) “old age and survivors”, 2) “incapacity”, 3) “health”, 4) “family”, 5) “unemployment and active labour market policies” and 6) “housing and others”. For this purpose, we employ OLS and 2SLS regression models using a panel data set for 22 Member States of the European Union from 1990 until 2015. We find total public social expenditure to be negatively related to poverty and inequality, but not related to GDP growth. The results vary substantially between the different social expenditure schemes, which makes more accurate targeting possible.
Delayed dislodgment of a watchman device: A rare complication manifesting as a transient ischemic event
Authors: Moradi Nami , Tosonian Shawnt , Askari Anna , Sontz Eric M.
Published: May 2020

The role of left atrial appendage occlusion devices for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) continues to expand. Device embolization is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication with variable clinical presentations. Here, we present a case of delayed dislodgment of a watchman device discovered on routine echocardiographic follow‐up in a patient who later admitted to neurological symptoms. Urgent surgical device retrieval was performed with no further complications or neurological sequelae.
FLT3‐ITD DNA and mRNA levels in AML do not correlate with CD7, CD33 and CD123 expression
Authors: Soare Dan‐Sebastian , Radu Eugen , Dumitru Ion , Popov Viola Maria , Bumbea Horia , Vlădăreanu Ana Maria
Published: May 2020

Introduction

FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations are found in around 25% of all acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases and is associated with shorter disease‐free and overall survival. Previous reports have shown that FLT3‐ITD induces a specific phenotype in leukemic blasts, which is characterized by high levels of CD33 and CD123, and that expression of CD33 and CD123 is directly influenced by the DNA FLT3‐ITD/wild‐type FLT3 allelic ratio (AR).

Methods

A total of 42 FLT3‐ITD and 104 FLT3‐ITD–negative AML patients were analysed. Immunophenotyping data were used to calculate antigen expression levels as the ratio between the geometric mean fluorescence intensities (MFIs) of leukemic blasts and MFIs of negative lymphocyte populations. FLT3‐ITD‐DNA and RNA analysis was performed, under the same conditions, by capillary electrophoresis.

Results

Compared with the control group, the FLT3‐ITD cohort presented significantly higher CD7, CD33 and CD123 levels. In order to assess the impact of FLT3‐ITD abundance on antigen expression, the patients were grouped for each parameter into two cohorts using the following threshold values: (a) 0.5 for the AR, according to current AML guidelines; (b) 0.7 for the FLT3‐ITD/FLT3‐WT mRNA ratio (RR); and (c) 1.3 for the FLT3‐ITD RR/AR ratio. We found higher values of CD33 for RR/AR ≥1.3, and no other statistical differences between CD7, CD33 and CD123 levels of the other FLT3‐ITD groups. In terms of correlations between MFI values and FLT3‐ITD parameters, we only observed a moderate interdependence between CD33 MFI and the RR/AR ratio, and a weak negative correlation between CD123 MFI and AR.

Conclusion

FLT3‐ITD mutations induce a specific antigen profile in AML blasts, and our data do not onfirm previous reports of FLT3‐ITD AR influencing both CD33 and CD123 expression.
Dementia and revivalist Islam: New perspectives to understanding dementia and tackling stigma
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Zakir , Mughal Faraz
Published: May 2020

The notion of stigma and its influence on the understanding of dementia has commonly been recognized as a great challenge to seeking healthcare services for South Asians in England. The aim of this commentary is to examine how Muslims view, understand and tackle dementia stigma in the context of revivalist Islam, especially among Bangladeshi Muslims within their British communities. This article reflects on the interrelationship between dementia and revivalist Islam among Bangladeshi family caregivers and addresses the question of how revivalist Islam is a significant source of understanding dementia and tackling stigma. Bangladeshi caregivers show a practical attitude toward dementia which is generally acknowledged as a medical symptom, and for which family caregivers voluntarily seek healthcare support. This piece highlights underlying principles of caregivers religious beliefs in the acceptance of dementia as a disease, and in help‐seeking which is influenced by Qur'anic verses and Prophetic traditions. Bangladeshi caregivers' religious beliefs intertwine with their knowledge, perception, and attitudes toward caregiving for their relatives with dementia. Revivalist Islam offers family caregivers an opportunity to explore their inner wisdom through the challenging journey of caregiving for their family members with dementia.
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles in flood hazard assessment
Authors: Karamuz Emilia , Romanowicz Renata J. , Doroszkiewicz Joanna
Published: May 2020

Flood inundation models are central components of any flood risk analysis system because they transform the bulk discharge outputs from flood‐frequency analyses or rainfall‐runoff models into distributed predictions of flood hazard in terms of water depth, inundation extent, and flow velocity. The accuracy of flood hazard maps depends on the availability of distributed observations of inundation outlines. Unfortunately, the acquisition of aerial photographs or satellite images is costly and in addition, their temporal resolution is strongly limited by weather conditions. Remote sensing based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is becoming increasingly popular due its flexibility and quickly decreasing costs. In particular, UAV can provide precise up to date georeferenced information about the location of a river shorelines, channel geometry, and vegetation. This information is particularly useful for the calibration and validation of distributed flood routing models. The application of cheap, well georeferenced UAV images of river shorelines is an unprecedented source of distributed observations. The aim of this article is to present a procedure for the updating of boundary conditions of the hydrodynamic model, based on UAV‐born data. The approach proposed is also a very effective means of on‐line updating of flood risk maps and their verification.
Crime, different taxation, police spending and embodied human capital
Authors: Jia Pengfei , Lim King Yoong , Raza Ali
Published: May 2020

We develop a model with crime, embodied human capital, police spending and three different taxation. Based on propositions examined analytically, numerically and empirically using a cross‐country panel data on crime, we contribute to the literature by identifying a positive crime‐labor income tax nexus and a negative crime‐capital income tax nexus. The opposite effect between labor and capital income taxation on crime is novel in the literature. We also document positive association between crime and consumption tax, which suggests that apprehension probability (a proxy for the effectiveness of criminal justice system) is endogenous to fiscal mechanism. These findings have potential policy implications in that, there is a potential role for dedicated tax instruments to be used in supporting conventional crime prevention and deterrence policies.
When separation is not the answer: Breastfeeding mothers and infants affected by COVID‐19
Authors: Tomori Cecília , Gribble Karleen , Palmquist Aunchalee E.L. , Ververs Mija‐Tesse , Gross Marielle S.
Published: May 2020

The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided detailed guidance on the care of infants of women who are persons under investigation (PUI) or confirmed to have COVID‐19. The guidance supports immediate post‐partum mother–infant contact and breastfeeding with appropriate respiratory precautions. Although many countries have followed WHO guidance, others have implemented infection prevention and control (IPC) policies that impose varying levels of post‐partum separation and discourage or prohibit breastfeeding or provision of expressed breast milk. These policies aim to protect infants from the potential harm of infection from their mothers, yet they may fail to fully account for the impact of separation. Global COVID‐19 data are suggestive of potentially lower susceptibility and a typically milder course of disease among children, although the potential for severe disease in infancy remains. Separation causes cumulative harms, including disrupting breastfeeding and limiting its protection against infectious disease, which has disproportionate impacts on vulnerable infants. Separation also presumes the replaceability of breastfeeding—a risk that is magnified in emergencies. Moreover, separation does not ensure lower viral exposure during hospitalizations and post‐discharge, and contributes to the burden on overwhelmed health systems. Finally, separation magnifies maternal health consequences of insufficient breastfeeding and compounds trauma in communities who have experienced long‐standing inequities and violence, including family separation. Taken together, separating PUI/confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive mothers and their infants may lead to excess preventable illnesses and deaths among infants and women around the world. Health services must consider the short‐andlong‐term impacts of separating mothers and infants in their policies.
Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement in Chinese Patients Aged 50 Years or Older
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhang Baiqing , Hu Bo , Lu Ming , An Mingyang , Liu Yufeng , Fang Yehan , Zhao Gang , Shi Chao , Zhou Jingbin , Liu Yujie , Li Chunbao
Published: May 2020

Objective

To investigate the outcomes of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in patients over the age of 50 years.

Method

This is a therapeutic case series study. A total of 27 FAI patients over the age of 50 years who met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were being followed up for at least 2 years in the orthopaedics department at our hospital between January 2015 and October 2017 were recruited for a prospective analysis on the outcomes of hip arthroscopy. All patients underwent unilateral surgery. Of the patients included, there were 15 men and 12 women, who were aged 50–74 years old (57 ± 6.4 years). The outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), and the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT‐12).

Results

A total of 27 patients were followed up for at least 2 years. The postoperative center‐edge angle, the alpha angle, and the offset decreased significantly compared with preoperative measurements (P < 0.01). The mHHS before surgery and at 1 year and 2 years after surgery was 62.19 ± 7.47, 86.70 ± 5.80, and 87.89 ± 5.08, respectively; iHOT‐12 scores were 30.44 ± 4.22, 73.56 ± 3.89, and 73.77 ± 3.72, respectively; VAS scores were 6.07 ± 0.78, 1.93 ± 0.73, and 1.59 ± 0.64, respectively. As compared with the condition before surgery, there was a significant improvement in the mHHS, iHOT‐12, and VAS scores at 1 year and 2 years after surgery (P < 0.01). The mHHS score at 2‐year follow up after surgery was higher than that at 1 year after surgery, and the difference observed was statistically significant (P = 0.04). One patient with severe acetabular and femoral cartilage damage underwent total hip replacement 11 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Hip arthroscopy considerably improved hip symptoms and function in Chinese FAI patients aged 50 years or older who did not have severe radiographic osteoarthritis. The conversion to THA and complications were low. Strict surgical indications and appropriate surgical strategies lay the foundation for satisfactory postoperative results in elderly patients with FAI.
Esophageal contraction during cryoablation: A possible protective mechanism
Authors: Cai Dongsheng , Liu Qiang , Shehata Michael , Jiang Ruhong , Yu Lu , Zhang Pei , Sun Yaxun , Chen Shiquan , Zhang Zuwen , Fu Guosheng , Jiang Chenyang , Wang Xunzhang
Published: May 2020

Background

Contraction of the esophagus was observed during cryoablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of esophageal contraction and the correlation between the contraction and esophageal thermal lesions.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled 64 patients with PAF undergoing second‐generation cryoballoon (CB2) ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). During PVI for the left inferior pulmonary vein, contrast esophagography was performed before and during cryoablation. The sample population was divided into two groups: A (31 patients) and B (33 patients). Group A consisted of patients in whom the distal half of the CB was in proximity to the esophagus, while for group B the esophagus was away from the distal half of the CB. Esophageal contraction was recorded as a variation in the width of the esophageal lumen during PVI. Postablation esophageal endoscopy was done on all patients.

Results

The reduction in the width of the esophageal lumen in group A was greater than in group B during freezing (40.12 ± 23.24% vs 8.14 ± 10.35%, P < .001). Following endoscopy, no apparent esophageal lesion was detected in all patients.

Conclusion

The extent of esophageal contraction is correlated with the positioning of the esophagus at the distal half of the CB. The findings of this study indicate that esophageal contraction during freezing may be a self‐protective mechanism.
Seed storage: maintaining seed viability and vigor for restoration use
Authors: De Vitis Marcello , Hay Fiona R. , Dickie John B. , Trivedi Clare , Choi Jaeyong , Fiegener Rob
Published: May 2020

Effective seed storage after sourcing (harvesting or purchasing) is critical to restoration practitioners and native seed producers, as it is key to maintaining seed viability. Inadequate seed storage can lead to a waste of both natural and economic resources when seeds of poor quality are sown. When working with native species with unknown storage behavior, general assumptions can be made based on studies on related species, and standard practices may be applied with caution; however, an investigation should be conducted to understand if specific storage requirements are needed and for how long seeds can be stored before they lose significant viability. In this paper of the Special Issue Standards for Native Seeds in Ecological Restoration, we provide an overview of the key concepts in seed storage and the steps to take for effective storage of native seeds for restoration use.
Ophthalmic examination, biometry, and histologic findings in captive inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Martin de Bustamante Michelle G. , Johnson Alanna N. , Shippy Sarah G. , Allgood Hillary , Plummer Caryn E.
Published: May 2020

Objective

To report ophthalmic examination, biometry, phenol red thread test (PRTT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and histologic findings from a private collection of inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

Animals studied

Fourteen inland bearded dragons.

Procedures

Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed on all animals, including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein stain, phenol red thread test, and rebound tonometry. B‐mode ultrasonography was used to measure anterior chamber depth, axial lens thickness, vitreal chamber depth, and axial globe length. Horizontal corneal diameter was estimated using ImageJ software. Histologic assessment was obtained for one of the bearded dragons that died following the study period.

Results

The median PRTT value was 7.27 mm/15 seconds. Mean IOP was 6.29 ± 1.60 mm Hg and 2.14 ± 1.37 mm Hg using the dog and undefined calibration settings, respectively. Median axial globe length was 11.75 mm. Mean anterior chamber depth and mean lens thickness were 2.06 ± 0.35 mm and 3.38 ± 0.45 mm, respectively. Median vitreal chamber depth was 6.79 mm. Mean horizontal corneal diameter was 5.138 ± 0.346 mm. Two distinct ocular phenotypes were observed, with two of the bearded dragons having corneal globosa, deep anterior chambers, and tufts of iridal vessels and fibrillar material extending into the anterior chamber.

Conclusions

The ultrasound biometry, PRTT, and rebound tonometry results may serve as a guideline for ophthalmic parameters in healthy bearded dragons. Examination and testing of greater numbers of animals are necessary to establish true reference ranges and determine if the observed ocular phenotypes represent normal variants or pathologic changes.
Reduction of unintentional Si doping in β-Ga2O3 grown via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Asel Thaddeus J. , Steinbrunner Erich , Hendricks Jessica , Neal Adam T. , Mou Shin
Published: May 2020

The authors investigate unintentional Si doping in β-Ga2O3 thin films grown via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. By identifying the Si dopant cell and the radio frequency oxygen plasma source as the two major sources of unintentional Si present in the growth chamber, adjustments to the parameters controlling these sources allow for the reduction of unintentional Si doping in β-Ga2O3 films by over two orders of magnitude. Decreasing the temperature of the Si dopant cell when idle reduces the unintentional doping from 2 × 1018 to 3 × 1017 cm−3. Furthermore, decreasing the oxygen plasma power from 300 to 250 and to 200 W results in the reduction of the unintentional Si doping from 3 × 1017 to 1 × 1016 cm−3. The reduction in unintentional Si doping concentration allows for low doping density in the drift region of β-Ga2O3 devices to design for high breakdown voltage via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy.
Acute Testicular Fracture in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Baseball Catcher: A Case Study
Authors: Platt Brandon C. , Falsone Sue , Lam, Kenneth C.
Published: May 2020

A 21-year-old male baseball catcher sustained an injury to the right testicle from a foul ball that ricocheted from the ground to his groin. The athlete was removed from competition when testicular pain began to increase. Ice was applied to the affected area and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were utilized through the evening. Further diagnosis and treatment were warranted the following morning. Diagnostic ultrasound revealed a fracture to the right testicle, necessitating surgical repair. The athlete followed a return-to-play progression and returned to play 20 days postinjury. This case describes evaluation and treatment of a rare acute condition and the need for early recognition and diagnosis.
Balance Error Scoring System Reliability and Validity When Performed With Ice Skates
Authors: Mihalik Jason P. , Teel Elizabeth F. , Lynall Robert C. , Wasserman Erin B.
Published: May 2020

In equipment-heavy sports, there is a growing need to evaluate players in the condition in which they participate. However, the psychometric properties of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) while wearing skates remains unknown. Seventy-four adolescent male hockey players completed the BESS with and without skates. A subset was reevaluated at the conclusion of the season. The BESS while wearing skates resulted in a mean of 15 more total errors than the traditional administration (t73 = 14.94, p < .001; ES = 1.95) and demonstrated low test-retest reliability. The BESS should be administered in the traditional manner (without skates).
Returning a Division I Hurdler to Sport After Multiple Knee Ligament Injuries
Authors: Thompson Xavier D. , DiAntonio Brianna
Published: May 2020

An 18-year-old male hurdler reported to preparticipation physicals, with a history of anterior cruciate ligament, lateral collateral ligament, and posterior cruciate ligament sprain; medial meniscocapsular sprain; and biceps femoris tendon avulsion. The patient received full clearance from his surgeon, despite functional deficits. Rehabilitation and return-to-play decision making included analysis of patient-reported outcome scores and tests of symmetry and neuromuscular control. After graduated intervention and multiple batteries of assessments, the patient was allowed to return to full participation. The nature of this sport and the time between surgery and the intervention made thorough evaluation of function and graduated progression a necessity.
Talent Development in Football—A Holistic Perspective: The Case of KRC Genk
Authors: Ryom Knud , Ravn Mads , Düring Rune , Henriksen Kristoffer
Published: May 2020

Interest in talent identification and the development of professional footballers has markedly increased in the past decade. Research in football has primarily focused on individual development and external factors affecting performance. In other sports, research from a holistic and ecological approach has examined successful environments, suggesting that such environments are not only unique, but also share features. Using a single case study design and a holistic ecological approach, this study investigated the youth department of the Belgium elite club KRC Genk (the Jos Vaessen Talent Academy). Results suggest that this environment, in many regards, is consistent with the shared features found in other successful environments in other sports (such as support of sporting goals by the wider environment and support for long-term development). However, three features were also observed as unique. These were (a) cultural awareness, openness, and sharing of knowledge; (b) the club’s ability to accommodate a broad diversity of players in the academy; and (c) an openness toward new ideas and learning on all levels of the organization. Collectively, our results indicate that Genk, in some respects, not only shares features with successful environments in other sports, but also bears unique features.
Korean Genome Project: 1094 Korean personal genomes with clinical information
Authors: Jeon Sungwon , Bhak Youngjune , Choi Yeonsong , Jeon Yeonsu , Kim Seunghoon , Jang Jaeyoung , Jang Jinho , Blazyte Asta , Kim Changjae , Kim Yeonkyung , Shim Jungae , Kim Nayeong , Kim Yeo Jin , Park Seung Gu , Kim Jungeun , Cho Yun Sung , Park Yeshin , Kim Hak-Min , Kim Byoung-Chul , Park Neung-Hwa , Shin Eun-Seok , Kim Byung Chul , Bolser Dan , Manica Andrea , Edwards Jeremy S. , Church George , Lee Semin , Bhak Jong
Published: May 2020

The initial phase of the Korean Genome Project (Korea1K) releases 1094 whole genomes, along with data of 79 clinical traits.
Ethical and societal implications of cellular health-monitoring devices
Authors: Deplazes-Zemp Anna , Fussenegger Martin , Biller-Andorno Nikola
Published: May 2020

As cell engineering is used to develop new types of implanted health-monitoring devices, this may raise ethical issues for individuals and society.
Antibiotic Substrate Selectivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MexY and MexB Efflux Systems Is Determined by a Goldilocks Affinity
Authors: Dey Debayan , Kavanaugh Logan G. , Conn Graeme L.
Published: May 2020

Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps are important contributors to bacterial antibiotic resistance. In this study, we combined evolutionary sequence analyses, computational structural modeling, and ligand docking to develop a framework that can explain the known antibiotic substrate selectivity differences between two
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
RND transporters, MexY and MexB. For efficient efflux, antibiotic substrates must possess a “Goldilocks affinity”: binding strong enough to allow interaction with transporter but not so tight as to impede movement through the pump.
Draft Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium aurimucosum UMB7769, Isolated from the Female Urinary Tract
Authors: Eskandar Samantha , Miller-Ensminger Taylor , Voukadinova Adelina , Wolfe Alan J. , Putonti Catherine
Published: May 2020

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Corynebacterium aurimucosum
UMB7769, isolated from the female urinary tract. The size of the genome is 2,731,818 bp, assembled in 50 contigs, with an observed GC content of 60.9% and an
N
50
score of 129,518 bp. Annotation revealed 31 antibiotic resistance genes.
Supplemental Material: The Chief Joseph dike swarm of the Columbia River flood basalts, and the legacy data set of William H. Taubeneck
Authors: Morriss M.C. , al. et
Published: May 2020

Supplemental Plates. Plate S1: Large-scale map of entire extent of Chief Joseph dike swarm. Also incorporates dikes of Ice Harbor, Steens, and Monument swarms. Plate S1 represents the most complete record of dikes related to Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) event known. Plate S2: Simplified map of CRBG-related dikes across the inland Pacific Northwest. Dikes are colored by their orientation and dike line density is also shown. Plate S3: Simplified map of CRBG-related dikes across the inland Pacific Northwest.
Supplemental Material: The Chief Joseph dike swarm of the Columbia River flood basalts, and the legacy data set of William H. Taubeneck
Authors: Morriss M.C. , al. et
Published: May 2020

Supplemental Google Earth file: Mapped dike steps, en echelon segmentation, and cross-cutting dikes. Mapped dike steps, en echelon segmentation, and cross-cutting dikes.
Supplemental Material: The remarkable volcanism of Shastina, a stratocone segment of Mount Shasta, California
Authors: Christiansen R.L. , al. et
Published: May 2020

Geochemistry data, radiocarbon samples and dating techniques, 40Ar/39Ar analytical techniques, U/Th analytical techniques, and Paleomagnetic methods.
Comparison of retinal vessel diameter measurements from swept-source OCT angiography and adaptive optics ophthalmoscope
Authors: Yao Xinwen , Ke Mengyuan , Ho Yijie , Lin Emily , Wong Damon W K , Tan Bingyao , Schmetterer Leopold , Chua Jacqueline
Published: May 2020

Background/ims

To compare the retinal vessel diameter measurements obtained from the swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA; Plex Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, USA) and adaptive optics ophthalmoscope (AOO; RTX1, Imagine Eyes, France).

Methods

Fifteen healthy subjects, 67% women, mean age (SD) 30.87 (6.19) years, were imaged using OCTA and AOO by a single experienced operator on the same day. Each eye was scanned using two OCTA protocols (3×3 mm2 and 9×9 mm2) and two to five AOO scans (1.2×1.2 mm2). The OCTA and AOO scans were scaled to the same pixel resolution. Two independent graders measured the vessel diameter at the same location on the region-of-interest in the three coregistered scans. Differences in vessel diameter measurements between the scans were assessed.

Results

The inter-rater agreement was excellent for vessel diameter measurement in both OCTA protocols (ICC=0.92) and AOO (ICC=0.98). The measured vessel diameter was widest from the OCTA 3×3 mm2 (55.2±16.3 µm), followed by OCTA 9×9 mm2 (54.7±14.3 µm) and narrowest by the AOO (50.5±15.6 µm; p<0.001). Measurements obtained from both OCTA protocols were significantly wider than the AOO scan (OCTA 3×3 mm2: mean difference Δ=4.7 µm, p<0.001; OCTA 9×9 mm2: Δ=4.2 µm, p<0.001). For vessels >45 µm, it appeared to be larger in OCTA 3×3 mm2 scan than the 9×9 mm2 scan (Δ=1.9 µm; p=0.005), while vessels <45 µm appeared smaller in OCTA 3×3 mm2 scan (Δ=−1.3 µm; p=0.009)

Conclusions

The diameter of retinal vessels measured from OCTA scans were generally wider than that obtained from AOO scans. Different OCTA scan protocols may affect the vessel diameter measurements. This needs to be considered when OCTA measures such as vessel density are calculated.