bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bootstrap Method for the Analysis of Physiological Data in Uncontrolled Settings
Authors: Hill Jordan R. , Caldwell Barrett S.
Published: November 2019

There are difficulties associated with analyzing physiological data sets, especially those that are collected at high frequency and those obtained from uncontrolled, non-laboratory task settings. Difficulties include the fact that the data are not independent and not always normally distributed. The authors used a bootstrap ANOVA method to analyze physiological responses collected during the performance of field science deployments in a Mars exploration analog study, and to identify differences in the physiological responses by different task performers in different tasks. The method used addressed the dependence and unknown a priori distributions of the data and provided information as to whether or not the collected responses to each task were statistically significant. Despite the fact that the independence and distribution difficulties were addressed, there were still limitations to the method, which include: the reduction of the power of the analysis, the increased computational resources required, and the limitation that the method does not output p-values to support traditional human factors analyses of whether or not statistical differences exist.
Usability Test of a Prototype Uas Awareness Interface for Public Users
Authors: Martin Lynne , Jobe Kimberly , Omar Faisal , Ramirez Cesar , Homola Jeffrey
Published: November 2019

A tool to give the public a window into Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) operations was created from an existing data collection tool. The interface included a map and a table showing details about UAS operations that could be queried in a number of ways. Eleven participants attended the study, successfully completing a 19-item task set in about 30 minutes. They correctly found information for 87% of the non-subjective tasks at a rate of around a minute per task and rated the usability of the tool at the end of the session above the industry benchmark. Participants gave favorable reviews of the “public portal tool”, even reporting that they would be satisfied with less information than it presented. There were one or two elements of the display that users found distracting and some navigation functions that need improvement but, on balance, the public representatives liked the features they saw in, and had few criticisms of, the public portal tool. One important issue for the small Unmanned Aerial System community to resolve will be how much or how little information should be available about UTM operations to members of the public.
Communication System Cues to Benefit Distributed Action Teams
Authors: Berger Sarah , Henning Robert
Published: November 2019

Communication System Cues (CSCs) were used to provide information to distributed action teams regarding the integrity of the communication system they relied upon for task work. The impact of CSCs on team performance and stress was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Fifty-nine dyadic teams of undergraduates performed three 10-min trials of a simulated firefighting task. Team members in separate sound-isolated rooms depended on microphones and headphones for all communications, and experienced 0, 2, and 4 s audio delays randomly within each trial. Qualitative findings indicated that some teams receiving CSCs took steps to mitigate the detrimental effects of delays, but quantitative analyses revealed this did not translate to improved performance or reduced stress. These results suggest that CSCs are something that distributed action teams are able to use, but further research is needed to determine how CSCs can be used more effectively and if their use benefits team situation awareness.
Using Human-Agent Teams to Purposefully Design Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Flathmann Christopher , McNeese Nathan , Canonico Lorenzo Barberis
Published: November 2019

With multi-agent teams becoming more of a reality every day, it is important to create a common design model for multi-agent teams. These teams need to be able to function in dynamic environments and still communicate with any humans that may need a problem solved. Existing human-agent research can be used to purposefully create multi-agent teams that are interdependent but can still interact with humans. Rather than creating dynamic agents, the most effective way to overcome the dynamic nature of modern workloads is to create a dynamic team configuration, rather than individual member-agents that can change their roles. Multi-agent teams will require a variety of agents to be designed to cover a diverse subset of problems that need to be solved in the modern workforce. A model based on existing multi-agent teams that satisfies the needs of human-agent teams has been created to serve as a baseline for human-interactive multi-agent teams.
Driver Training for Automated Vehicle Technology – Knowledge, Behaviors, and Perceived Familiarity
Authors: Noble Alexandria M. , Klauer Sheila G. , Doerzaph Zachary R. , Manser Michael P.
Published: November 2019

Advanced driver-assistance systems and partial driving automation are becoming increasingly common, yet despite their growing prevalence, drivers seem to know very little about them. Previous studies have found that owners of ADAS equipped vehicles have demonstrated misperceptions or lack of awareness about system limitations, which may impact driver comfort with and reliance on these systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two training strategies on drivers’ knowledge and perceived familiarity of vehicle automation as well as their environment monitoring behaviors during system use. Forty volunteers participated in a multi-stage research study in which they were exposed to either a conventional training protocol, self-learning through the owner’s manual, or an experimental (multimedia) training protocol, using the in-vehicle display technologies as training tools. Results indicate training strategy elicits limited differences in knowledge and no difference in driver behaviors or attitudes. Behaviors and attitudes were heavily influenced by time and experience with the driving automation system while knowledge of the vehicle systems remained unchanged.
How to Succeed In Industry (As A UX Researcher): Strategies and Skills to Maximize Your Impact
Authors: Madathil Kapil Chalil , Acemyan Claudia Ziegler , Bartha Michael C. , D’Souza Melroy , Edwards Rochelle , Gmitro Sumonthip C. , Harper Christy
Published: November 2019

While methods courses tied to human-computer interaction or usability may provide some fundamentals to prepare students for success in industry, other skills are better learned on-the-job. The following industry professionals will provide insight to help psychologists succeed in an applied role. The insights start with fundamentals to get started: learning business goals and new methods; folding business goals into your research; becoming comfortable with less rigor compared to academia; and learning to communicate verbally and visually in a concise manner. Next, it moves into key strategies to develop into an impactful researcher: understanding your limits and navigating politics; and focusing on your brand to build strong relationships and create lasting impact.
Mind Perception in a Competitive Human-Robot Interaction Game
Authors: Currie Levern Q. , Wiese Eva
Published: November 2019

Robotic agents are becoming increasingly pervasive in society, and have already begun advancing fields such as healthcare, education, and industry. However, despite their potential to do good for society, many people still feel unease when imaging a future where robots and humans work and live together in shared environments, partly because robots are not generally trusted or ascribed human-like socio-emotional skills such as mentalizing and empathizing. In addition, performing tasks conjointly with robots can be frustrating and ineffective partially due to the fact that neuronal networks involved in action understanding and execution (i.e., the action-perception network; APN) are underactivated in human-robot interaction (HRI). While a number of studies has linked underactivation in APN to reduced abilities to predict a robot’s actions, little is known about how performing a competitive task together with a robot affects one’s own ability to execute or suppress an action. In the current experiment, we use a Go/No-Go task that requires participants to give a response on Go trials and suppress a response on No-Go trials to examine whether the performance of human players is impacted by whether they play the game against a robot believed to be controlled by a human as opposed to being pre-programmed. Preliminary data shows higher false alarm rates on No-Go trials, higher hit rates on Go trials, longer reaction times on Go trials and higher inverse efficiency scores in the human-controlled versus the pre-programmed condition. The results show that mind perception (here: perceiving actions as human-controlled) significantly impacted action execution of human players in a competitive human-robot interaction game.
Bridging the gap: Workflow analysis evaluating “work-as-imagined” versus “work-as-done” for cardiac risk calculation
Authors: Schubel Laura , Stein Lucy , Barrientos Ronald Romero , Valdiviezo Carolina , Townsend Mark , Basch Peter , Weintraub William , Hettinger Zach , Laccay Christine , Chaney Kevin , Miller Kristen
Published: November 2019

In a complex, dynamic system such as healthcare delivery, there is often a “gap” between work as imagined (how clinical workflow ideally occurs) and work as done (how clinical workflow occurs in real-time). Therefore, it is critical when implementing new health information technology to work within the constraints of hospital-specific workflow to understand the reality of work, rather than relying solely on how it is reported. The present research seeks to fully understand the current state of workflow as it relates to cardiovascular risk calculation, with the ultimate goal of implementing an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculator within the clinicians’ electronic health record. By conducting both interviews and observations, researchers were able to compare work as imagined to work as done in order to implement the risk calculator to meet clinician needs.
Assessing the User Experience of Video Games: Relationships Between Three Scales
Authors: Shelstad William J. , Chaparro Barbara S. , Keebler Joseph R.
Published: November 2019

With so many video games being released, there is strong competition among developers to create the most successful games. Questionnaires are one tool that can be used to measure aspects of a video game like perceived flow, presence, engagement, and controls. The current study investigated the relationship between several user experience scales and their subscales: UEQ-S, GUESS-24, and the ENJOY for six popular video games. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and a university online research pool. Scale reliability analysis was conducted to ensure for internal consistency of the scales with Cronbach’s α. The relationships between the scales and subscales were analyzed using Pearson’s product correlations. Overall, the analysis showed a number of significant correlations between the UEQ-S, GUESS-24, and ENJOY. Evidence of uniqueness with each scale was also shown. Recommendations on which scale to use are discussed.
Sitting Postures and Activities in Autonomous Vehicles – New Requirements towards Occupant Safety
Authors: Köhler Anna-Lena , Pelzer Julia , Seidel Kristian , Ladwig Stefan
Published: November 2019

In the context of autonomous driving, new possibilities for passenger positions and occupation arise. Vehicle concepts provide more degrees of freedom for seating configurations and different activities as a passenger, leading to a need for advanced protection principles. The H2020-project OSCCAR analyses occupant safety requirements for highly automated vehicles (HAV) and defines technological developments necessary for novel safety principles. In order to understand the potential of novel sitting postures and activities in the context of autonomous driving, an empirical user study was conducted to examine the impact of different scenarios on preferred sitting postures in a simulated automated driving situation. Results gave insights into detailed sitting postures that are most likely to be obtained by occupants in future use cases. The results serve as input to a test case matrix in order to design future occupant restraint principles.
Comparison of HTC Vive™ Virtual Reality Headset Position Measures to Center of Pressure Measures
Authors: Sylcott Brian , Williams Keith , Hinderaker Mark , Lin Chia-Cheng
Published: November 2019

This study was completed to validate a virtual reality (VR) headset (HTC ViveTM, Taiwan) as a tool to measure postural sway using the position and orientation tracking capabilities built into the VR system. If validated, the headset could be a cost-effective tool for balance assessments. Unity was used to develop an optical flow environment for VR. Study participants were able to experience three different speeds of optical flow displayed through the HTC Vive headset. However, for this study, participants were shown a scene in the virtual environment that did not move, causing no optical flow for the participant. A force plate and VR headset recorded position measurements during each trial. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the headset and the force plate data measurements were calculated in MATLAB, along with the root-mean-squared and peak-to-peak values for each trial. Results show that correlations in the AP plane tended to be greater than 0.4 and correlation in the ML plane tended to be greater than 0.6. The VR headset may be used for postural control measurements in clinic. However, further development of software and testing protocols for balance assessments is needed.
An Eye-Tracking Analysis of a Restaurant Menu
Authors: Smith Joshua K. , Guliuzo Jacob D. , Benedict Jacob D. , Chaparro Barbara S.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of color on eye movements while viewing a restaurant menu. Heat maps suggest that participants tended to view the middle and upper-left parts of the menu the most, regardless of color upon first exposure. Gaze plots showing the order of fixations indicated that color may have impacted initial eye movements in the first 10 seconds. Participants tended to view the center of the menu first in the color condition and the top left portion of the menu first in the non-color version. These results may be useful when designing restaurant menus and understanding the role color may have when attracting users’ gaze.
Why Slips, Trips, and Falls Are Still A Problem: A Hazard Assessment At Surface Mines
Authors: Nasarwanji Mahiyar F. , Mayton Alan G. , Pollard Jonisha
Published: November 2019

Slips, trips, and falls (STF) contribute significantly to nonfatal incidents at surface mines. Although fall fatalities and STF from mobile equipment have been investigated, nonfatal incidents and STF hazards encountered at mines are not well documented. This paper aims to identify occupations and activities associated with nonfatal STF incidents at surface stone, sand, and gravel mines, document through a systematic observation the STF hazards encountered, and corroborate the findings of the hazard assessment using an analysis of nonfatal injury narratives reported in the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury database. Mobile equipment operators, laborers/utility men, and mechanics were most often involved in nonfatal STF incidents. Walking/running, getting on/off equipment, machine maintenance and repair, and handling supplies and materials accounted for over 80% of the activities being performed at the time of the incident. Solid debris, in the form of rocks and stones on unpaved surfaces and material accumulation on paved surfaces, and liquid contaminants, primarily pooled water, were common hazards identified during the systematic observation. Stair tread issues and transitions to and from ladders were also identified as hazards. These findings were in line with injury data where rocks, ice/snow, uneven ground, water, hoses, mud, and loose/unstable material were the most common contaminants and hazards encountered at the time of the incident. In addition, several recommendations are provided to help eliminate or remediate the identified hazards.
A temporal analysis of safety drivers taking back control in public roadway automated driving trials
Authors: Corcoran Nicole M. , McGehee Daniel V. , Noonan T. Zachary
Published: November 2019

In 2019, industry is in the testing stages of level 4 SAE/NHTSA automated vehicles. While in testing, L4 vehicles require a safety driver to monitor the driving task at all times. These specially trained drivers must take back control if the vehicle doesn’t seem to be responding correctly to the ever-changing roadway and environment. Research suggests that monitoring the driving task can lead to a decrease in vigilance over time. Recently, Waymo publicly released takeover request and mileage data on its 2018 L4 autonomous vehicle takeover requests. From this data, which was represented in mileage, we created temporal metric which showed that there were typically 150-250 hours without a takeover request. From this we suggest that there may be a decrement in vigilance for Waymo safety drivers. While there are still many unknowns, we suggest Waymo release takeover requests in terms of time rather than mileage and provide more information on the operational design domains of these vehicles. Expanding the content of this publicly-released data could then give researchers and the public more understanding of the conditions under which safety drivers are functioning.
HeForShe in HFE: Strategies for Enhancing Equality in Leadership for All Allies
Authors: Stowers Kimberly , Hancock Gabriella M. , Neigel Alexis , Cha Jackie , Chong Isis , Durso Francis T. , Peres S. Camille , Stone Nancy J. , Summers Baron
Published: November 2019

The objective of this panel is to highlight past efforts that have successfully enhanced leadership of women in HFE, as well as brainstorm ideas for continuing this process in the future. In particular, this panel builds off the United Nations’ “HeForShe” movement, which addresses gender equality as a human rights issue in which everyone can take part. As part of this panel, we aim to provide cross-sectional strategies for fostering gender equality, as well as brainstorm future initiatives that take into account the continuing social shifts in gender perceptions. The panel will be co-chaired by Drs. Kimberly Stowers and Gabriella Hancock with assistance from Dr. Alexis Neigel, who will introduce the panel and its role in the HF/E Women’s Organization for Mentoring and Networking’s larger campaign to foster fair and inclusive professional development for future leaders. A variety of panelists from different genders, professional stages, and backgrounds will offer their unique perspective(s) on leadership and professional development. Members of the audience are encouraged to come prepared with questions to better learn the panelists’ thoughts, opinions, and strategies concerning what could and should be done to encourage women’s leadership in the future. Drs. Hancock and Stowers will foster discussion amongst the panelists, and invite questions and participation from the audience.
History of Human Factors in US Navy Aircraft Cockpit Design: 1969-2019
Authors: Merriman Stephen C. , Karn Keith S.
Published: November 2019

In order to preserve some important historical information and perspective, this paper will present human factors engineering innovations and success stories in aircraft cockpit design for the US Navy and US Marine Corps over the last 50 years. This is a story of close collaboration between human factors professionals serving as active duty military, civilian government employees, and contractors. We focus on what was accomplished and how advanced technologies and processes were transitioned from laboratory to the fleet through systems acquisition. Timely transition of user interface technologies was critical to many of these successes. Impacts of these technology transitions are highlighted. We will demonstrate how a combination of organization, staffing, and risk tolerance allowed the US Navy to efficiently transition advanced crew station and other technologies successfully to military aircraft.
A Tale of Two Patient Safety Programs: Comparing Tools and Skills in Two Programs for Integration into Interprofessional Clinical Simulation-Based Training
Authors: Kennel Victoria , Fedderson Julie , Skinner Nicole , Lowndes Bethany
Published: November 2019

Patient safety improvement efforts across the country intend to address the threat of medical errors that lead to patient morbidity and mortality. Many hospital-based patient safety programs focus on team tools and skills to support the interdisciplinary nature of healthcare delivery. This institution utilizes two patient safety programs with different groups of professionals and medical trainees. The aim of our research was to identify tool and skill compatibility between the two programs for future integration into interprofessional clinical simulation-based training experiences. Two researchers conducted an independent content analysis of the tools and skills in the two programs to: 1) identify the similarities and differences among tools and skills, and, 2) categorize their potential for integration into clinical simulation-based training. The two programs had six common tools, a majority of which were communication-based. Over half the tools were team-focused. Five common team tools (Brief, SBAR, Check-Back, CUS, and Debrief) were identified for integration in interprofessional clinical simulation-based training experiences.
Sex-Specific Fatigability Rates of Neck Muscles during Sustained Non-Neutral Exertions
Authors: Chowdhury Suman , Zhou Yu , Reddy Curran P. , Wan Bocheng , Zhang Xudong
Published: November 2019

Given the contribution of sustained neck exertion in non-neutral postures to the prevalence of neck pain in the workplace, the sex-specific fatigability rates of neck muscles were investigated using an integrated analysis of electromyography (EMG) median frequency (MF) and EMG Amplitude-Force ratio. The EMG MF and EMG Amplitude-Force ratio data of 18 males and 19 females were analyzed using piecewise linear regression models. The results showed that the time- and sex-specific fatigability rates are task- and muscle-dependent, with tasks relying primarily on the smaller muscles in the force production incurred a more significant amount of muscle fatigue for males than females.
Diagnosis Behaviors of Physicians and Non-Physicians When Supported by an Electronic Differential Diagnosis Aid
Authors: Pryor Makenzie , Ebert Doug , Byrne Vicky , Richardson Khalaeb , Jones Qua , Cole Richard , Collins McLaughlin Anne
Published: November 2019

The present study examined a diagnostic medical decision aid developed to help inexperienced operators to diagnose and treat a simulated patient. Diagnosis and treatment accuracy using the tool were assessed and compared across both physicians and non-physicians. Initial analysis revealed more accurate diagnostic and treatment choices for non-physicians, but upon further investigation, physicians were found to have recognized signs for another diagnosis and correctly diagnosed and treated based on the limited information in the patient simulation. This fit with other noted behaviors, such as non-physicians opening the diagnostic support tool within the aid more often than physicians, and frequently returning to the tool during the task. In general, non-physicians were supported in choosing the correct diagnosis and treatment by the aid, while physicians disregarded the aid’s recommendations to make decisions based on their own expertise. These results have implications for the development of future decision support aids for non-physicians performing medical procedures.
The Conspicuity Benefits of Rear-Facing Bike Lights in Daylight
Authors: Edewaard Darlene E. , Szubski Ellen C. , Tyrrell Richard A.
Published: November 2019

Cycling with motor vehicle traffic on roadways is inherently risky for bicyclists, and it is important for bicyclists to make themselves conspicuous to drivers. This experiment used a closed-road method to test the daytime conspicuity of rear-facing bike lights. Participants provided subjective ratings of conspicuity from a test vehicle parked at two different distances from a bicyclist pedaling on a stationary bicycle with one of 16 configurations of bike lights. Some configurations featured lights on the bicyclist’s ankles to highlight the bicyclist’s biological motion. The results of this experiment provide a better understanding of the relative conspicuity benefits of bike lights in daylight as a function of light intensity, light placement, and viewing distance. The findings offer useful insights on the optimal intensity and placement of bike lights to enhance their own conspicuity during daylight.
Pedestrian Moving Patterns during Potential Conflicts with 110 On-Road Driving Vehicles
Authors: Tian Renran , Chien Stanley , Chen Yaobin , Sherony Rini
Published: November 2019

As the most commonly seen vulnerable road users, protection and interaction with pedestrians are key functionalities in vehicle active safety and self-driving research areas. Development and evaluation of such systems require deeper understanding of pedestrian behaviors, especially motion patterns, in different driving environments. Traditionally, most of the pedestrian movement studies rely on fixed roadside cameras in specific road locations with higher pedestrian density, like intersections and junctions. Although these studies can provide information to describe pedestrian walking behavior and vehicle-pedestrian interactions in micro and macro levels, there are two main limitations. Firstly, pedestrian movement data are rarely collected from the vehicle’s point of view, which makes some critical variables difficult to be collected related to pedestrian initial appearance situation. Secondly, insufficient data are acquired to cover low- pedestrian-density road environments like mid-block, rural areas, and small un-controlled intersections. In this study, we focus on three important pedestrian movement variables including appearance distances, initial time-to-collision, and crossing speed under different driving and road scenarios. Based on a large-scale naturalistic driving study, crossing pedestrians were randomly captured in the scene videos from 110 passenger cars when potential ego-vehicle-to-pedestrian conflicts appeared during a one-year period. Motion data of these pedestrians were then analyzed to calculate the targeted behavior measurements, with the empirical results reported.
Warning Labels Referring to Electronic Information - Combination Safety Symbol, URL, and QR Code as Supplemental Directive
Authors: Isaacson Judith J. , Hall Steven M. , Frantz Jared
Published: November 2019

As safety information and product manuals continue to move online, and as smartphone ownership and use approach market saturation, establishing clear, simple methods for linking users to online information becomes more important. This may be particularly helpful for technical products requiring online access for use or for globalized on-product labels that minimize text. This practice-oriented paper reports on one approach to provide access to information online via a combination of the standardized ISO “Refer to instruction manual/booklet” symbol, a URL, and a QR code. Findings support the understandability and usefulness of this approach. A version including a safety alert symbol within the QR was also tested and is not currently recommended due to potential confusion. Examples and practitioner takeaways are included.
Comparison of Video-Based and Traditional Physical Demands Description Methods
Authors: McKinnon Colin D. , Sonne Michael W. , Keir Peter J.
Published: November 2019

Current methods for physical demands descriptions often lack detail and format standardization, require technical training and expertise, and are time-consuming to complete. A video-based physical demands description tool may improve time and accuracy concerns with current methods. Ten simulated occupational tasks were synchronously recorded using a motion capture system and digital video. Digital video was processed with a novel video-based assessment tool to produce 3D joint trajectories (PDAi), and joint angle and reach envelope measures were calculated from both data sources. These measures were compared to joint angle and reach envelope estimates from experienced ergonomists (3) and novice ergonomists (3) in a simulated traditional physical demands description format. The video-based joint estimated showed 62.5% agreement with motion capture data across 80 measures (8 summary measures x 10 tasks). Video-based posture estimates were equal or better than human raters for 72.5% of ratings, and were outright better than human groups for 32.5% of ratings. The high level of agreement between video-based and motion capture measures suggest video-based job task assessment may be a viable approach to improve accuracy and standardization of field physical demands descriptions and minimize error in joint posture and reach envelope estimates compared to traditional pen-and-paper methods.
A Case Study on the Impact of Crosswalk Markings on Driver Yielding to Pedestrians
Authors: Craig Curtis M. , Morris Nichole L. , Hong Yubin
Published: November 2019

The research team measured yielding at marked, unsignalized crosswalks as part of a multifaceted high visibility enforcement intervention intended to improve pedestrian safety. One of the crosswalks had its markings removed. With concern to possible reduced driver expectancy for pedestrians after the removal of the crosswalk, measurement continued at that location as a case study on the impact of crosswalks on drive yielding on multilane roads. Measurement of yielding at the unmarked crosswalk, when compared to similarly marked crosswalks, observed less yielding overall and more yielding at closer distances to the unmarked crosswalk, which poses a significant risk to pedestrians. The findings have implications for traffic infrastructure planners attempting to optimize safety for pedestrians.
Predicting Attrition and Performance in Navy and Marine Corps Air Traffic Control School
Authors: Brown Noelle L. , Foroughi Cyrus K. , Coyne Joseph T. , Sibley Ciara , Olson Tatana , Myrick Stephanie
Published: November 2019

Attrition rates due to poor academic performance are particularly high for the Navy’s air traffic control training program. The school relies on scores from the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) for its selection criteria which do not seem to be sufficient by themselves in predicting who will succeed in training. We hypothesized that including cognitive assessments designed to assess skills specific to air traffic control would improve the ability to predict training performance. The model results showed that cognitive abilities were related to training performance beyond ASVAB scores, however, they were more successful at classifying academic success ( M = .92) than academic attrition ( M = .23). Importantly, the results highlight the importance of additional screening materials that can be used to help reduce attrition and the cost of training
What Did You Order? Developing Models to Measure the Impact of Usability on Emergency Physician Accuracy Using Computerized Provider Order Entry
Authors: Kandaswamy Swaminathan , Hettinger Aaron Z , Ratwani Raj M.
Published: November 2019

Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) is a critical component of electronic health records (EHR). Although widely adopted, the usability of these systems is not well understood. A cross-sectional usability study was conducted at four healthcare systems using two commercially available EHRs. This research aims to predict the accuracy of an order placed in the EHR by emergency medicine physicians. Physician-EHR interactions were recorded during six simulated task scenarios in a test environment. The data from 222 interactions were used to predict the accuracy of the order placed. Multiple models were developed, and their performance was compared. The Random Forest model had the best performance with F1 score 0.82 and AUC of 0.89. These results demonstrate the utility of using keystroke, time and user demographics as variables in predicting accurate order placement. Applying such models to passively monitor EHR usage in real world clinical environments may help improve patient safety and care.
Predicting Buckled and Unbuckled Trips of Occasional Seat Belt Users in SHRP2 Data
Authors: Lee Joonbum , Venkatraman Vindhya , Richard Christian M.
Published: November 2019

Seat belts are the most effective injury prevention tool available in motor vehicles. However, researchers have a limited understanding of the factors underlying occasional seat belt use. Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study data provide researchers a way to develop a detailed understanding of occasional belt use behavior. The present study examined two predictors (trip distance and average trip speed) of buckled and unbuckled trips from occasional seat belt users using the SHRP2 data. The present study utilized both descriptive analysis (to confirm previous finding) and predictive analysis (to assess predictive power of the models) using trip distance and average trip speed. The results from a logistic regression model showed that unbuckled trips were associated with short trips and lower speed trips compared to buckled trips. Two Random Decision Forest models were applied to predict buckled/unbuckled trips of the occasional seat belt users, and the results showed that model performance was within a fair performance range. The models differentiated between buckled and unbuckled trips at an accuracy of 61-64%. Results suggest that the occasional seat belt users may decide their seat belt use prior to trips based on the distance/duration and average. The preliminary findings of the study shed light on strategies that can be used when designing countermeasures to promote seat belt use.
Stress Linked to Reports of Simulator Sickness in Vigilance: A Factor Analysis of the SSSQ and the SSQ
Authors: Greenlee Eric T. , Hess Lucas J.
Published: November 2019

The current study investigated the relationship between stress and simulator sickness within vigilance tasks. The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire and the Short Stress State Questionnaire were employed. Data were aggregated from seven different visual vigilance tasks. Correlational relationships were investigated using an exploratory factor analysis, which revealed two factors. The first factor was represented by Distress, a stress measure, and all three simulator sickness subscales: Nausea, Disorientation, and Oculomotor symptoms. The second factor consisted only of Worry, a stress measure. These results suggest that the distress associated with vigilance is intertwined with reports of simulator sickness. One possible explanation is that the stress of vigilance effectively inflates reports of simulator sickness, a potential concern for the validity of simulator sickness assessments within tasks that require vigilance.
Characterization of Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity using Head-Mounted Displays in a Virtual Environment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sproule David , Jacinto Rosemarie Figueroa , Rundell Steve , Williams Jacob , Perlmutter Sam , Arndt Steve
Published: November 2019

Virtual reality (VR) and personal head-mounted displays (HMDs) can be a viable tool for the presentation of scientifically accurate and valid demonstrative data in the courtroom. However, the capabilities and limitations of the technology need to be fully characterized. The current pilot study evaluated visual acuity and contrast sensitivity using two commercially available HMDs (Oculus Rift and HTC Vive Pro). Preliminary findings indicated that visual acuity and contrast sensitivity experienced in VR may be less than what is experienced in real-world scenarios. The current pilot study provides a quantitative approach for characterizing the limitations of VR with respect to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, and provides recommendations for the appropriate use of this technology when performing forensic investigations and developing visualization tools.
Older Drivers’ Differential Performance across Hazardous Scenarios
Authors: Kasko Jonathan , Choi HeeSun , Feng Jing
Published: November 2019

With age-related changes in cognitive functioning including attention, older drivers experience increased crash risks and are particularly overrepresented in vehicle crashes in driving situations such as making a left turn and merging with traffic. Effective remedies via assessment, training, and interface design require understanding of individual performance in specific scenarios. In this study, we investigated older driver performance characteristics in eight distinct hazard scenarios. Participants completed a task measuring their attentional processing of information and decision at intersections. The findings revealed sizable heteroge-neity in performance across scenarios, with older drivers being more conservative or liberal in certain situa-tions. Some group differences were also observed. These findings suggest the importance of examining individual performance in unique driving scenarios in addition to an aggregated accuracy across all scenar-ios.
Application of Stereoscopic Head-Mounted Displays and Interactive Virtual Reality Environments to an “Optical Illusion” Misstep and Fall Case
Authors: Jacinto Rosemarie Figueroa , Sproule David , Williams Jacob , Perlmutter Sam , Arndt Steve , Rundell Steve
Published: November 2019

The ability to accurately depict the scene of an incident to a jury, who will never be able to experience it first-hand, is a key element of presenting trial demonstratives. In many cases, where visual perception and situational awareness are a key element in understanding the nature of an incident, traditional modes of presentation, such as two-dimensional photographs, may be insufficient and require a more sophisticated methodology. Specifically, as stereoscopic head-mounted displays (HMDs) and virtual reality (VR) programming continues to advance, it provides jurors the opportunity to experience an interactive, and more representative, virtual environment. Further, while immersed in these environments, jurors can direct their gaze to areas of interest, view them from multiple angles, and dictate the pace in which they do so providing an experience tailored to the individual that more fully utilizes the capabilities of their sensory system. Thus, forensic accident investigators, such as human factors expert witnesses, have the opportunity to leverage this technology to demonstrate aspects of perception and human performance. This study discusses the application of HMDs and VR to a real-world incident investigation, and discusses the reasons why such technology is required to accurately depict changes in walking surface level elevations.
Information Technology Systems at the sharp end of medication therapy management
Authors: Li Reicelis Casares , Pereira Rodrigo Arcuri Marques , Jatobá Alessandro , Vidal Mario Cesar Rodríguez , de Carvalho Paulo Victor Rodrigues , Grindrod Kelly , Burns Catherine
Published: November 2019

This study explored how to inform the design of information systems for medication therapy management, in the context of the southwestern Ontario health system. The data collection comprised document analysis, interviews, and process mapping, and the analysis of previous interview records. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) was used for data analysis to identify the effects of functional variability in system outcomes, and to propose ways to redesign future systems. The results from the FRAM showed that shortcomings in the information systems require users to adapt in many ways. While these adjustments are essential to delivering care in everyday practice, they may lose their effectiveness in the face of specific situations, creating brittleness and risk of adverse outcomes as users are led to make challenging decisions.
Computerized Operator Support System for Nuclear Power Plant Hybrid Main Control Room
Authors: Lew Roger , Boring Ronald L. , Ulrich Thomas A.
Published: November 2019

A Computerized Operator Support System (COSS) is an operator assistive technology that aids operators in monitoring processes to detect off-normal conditions, diagnose plant faults, predict future plant states, recommend mitigation alternatives, and select appropriate mitigation actions. The COSS works in collaboration with an advanced prognostics system called PROAID. The COSS provides a human-machine interface to help operators maintain situation awareness and detect faults earlier than would be possible using conventional control room technologies at nuclear power plants. Here we describe a third-iteration of efforts to develop and validate the COSS. The COSS has now been implemented as a prototype system for a full-scope nuclear power plant simulator. To date, two studies involving three licensed reactor crews were conducted to evaluate the COSS. Here we capture insights into the development of COSS as well as operator feedback and future development guidance derived from the operator-in-the-loop simulator studies.
A visualization approach to performing task analysis of time series event log data from a microworld simulation
Authors: Ulrich Thomas A. , Boring Ronald L. , McJunkin Timothy , Rege Aunshul
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a novel visualization technique to perform a task analysis using only information from data logs collected from users interacting with the system. Traditional task analysis includes data acquired from system specifications, observations of the user interacting with the system, and interviews with the user. There are however situations, in which this information is not available such as forensic investigations. In situations in which these other data sources are available, the visualization approach provides an additional tool the analysist can use to further their understanding of the system and begin qualitatively and quantitatively describing a user’s behavior. As a demonstration of this technique, data logs from a microworld simulator, the Grid Game, were analyzed using a custom designed python based graphing tool. The Grid Game is a gamified and simplified simulation of an electric microgrid. Teams of players compete by maintaining and optimizing their grid configuration in the presence of cyber-attacks. Several different visualization graphing techniques were examined to identify their suitability for representing the grid event data in a format capable to support an analyst performing a task analysis. The most suitable graphing technique for this particular use case was a discrete event graphing technique including a common time dimension to provide performance based context to the graphical depiction of logged simulation events.
The Relationship Between Evidence-Based Practices and Emergency Department Managers’ Perceptions on Quality of Care for Self-Harm Patients
Authors: Diana Amaya H. , Olfson Mark , Cullen Sara Wiesel , Marcus Steven C.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To understand the extent to which implementation of evidence-based practices affects emergency department (ED) nurse managers’ perceptions of quality of care provided to deliberate self-harm patients. METHODS: ED nursing leadership from a nationally representative sample of 513 hospitals completed a survey on the ED management of deliberate self-harm patients, including the quality of care for deliberate self-harm patients on a 1 to 5 point Likert-type scale. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses, controlling for relevant hospital characteristics, examined associations between the provision of evidence-based practices and quality of care. RESULTS: The overall mean quality rating was 3.09. Adjusted quality ratings were higher for EDs that routinely engaged in discharge planning (β = 0.488) and safety planning (β = 0.736) processes. Ratings were also higher for hospitals with higher levels of mental health staff (β = 0.368) and for teaching hospitals (β = 0.319). CONCLUSION: Preliminary findings suggest a national institutional readiness for further implementation of evidence-based practices for deliberate self-harm patients.
Surgery, Surgical Pathology, and Postoperative Management of Patients With Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Smith Caitlin , Ambartsumyan Lusine , Kapur Raj P
Published: November 2019

Endorectal pullthrough surgery is integral in the treatment of patients with Hirschsprung disease. Several different surgical procedures exist, which share as common goals to excise the aganglionic segment and upstream transition zone and attach ganglionic bowel just proximal to the anal canal. The operation requires collaboration between surgeon and pathologist to localize ganglionic bowel and prevent retention of transition zone. Intraoperative frozen sections are extremely important, first to establish that ganglion cells are present and subsequently to exclude features of transition zone (partial circumferential aganglionosis, myenteric hypoganglionosis, and submucosal nerve hypertrophy) at the proximal surgical (anastomotic) margin. Postoperative histopathological analysis of resection specimens should be tailored to document distal aganglionosis, document the length of the aganglionic segment and its proximity to the anastomotic margin, and confirm that transition zone has been resected completely. Adherence to the recommendations described in this review will reduce the likelihood of transition zone pullthrough and should decrease the incidence of persistent postoperative obstructive symptoms.
Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV Diagnosed at Fetal Autopsy
Authors: Butler Daniel C , Glen W Bailey , Schandl Cynthia , Phillips Angelina
Published: November 2019

Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV; Andersen's disease) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results from defects in the GBE1 gene (3p12.2) and subsequent deficiencies of glycogen branching. We report a case of GSD IV diagnosed at autopsy in a 35 4/7 weeks gestational age female neonate that died shortly after birth. Multisystem blue, ground glass inclusions initially presumed artefactual were periodic acid-Schiff positive, diastase resistant. Chromosomal microarray analysis identified a deletion of exons 2 through 16 of the GBE1 gene and whole exome sequencing identified a nonsense mutation within exon 14, confirming the diagnosis of GSD IV. A strong index of suspicion was required determine GSD IV as the ultimate cause of death, illustrating the need for critical evaluation of postmortem artifact in the setting of fetal demise of unknown etiology and highlighting the role of postmortem molecular diagnostics in a subset of cases.
Mapping the online social network of cancer bloggers
Authors: Baik Sharon H , Klonoff Elizabeth , Barnes Laura E , Schiaffino Melody K , Wells Kristen J
Published: November 2019

While social media has the ability to quickly disseminate information and reach large audiences, cancer blogs as a communication platform have not yet been well studied. A social network analysis was conducted on 89 active cancer blogs. Results demonstrated the overall cancer-blog-network was widely distributed and decentralized, with blogs clustered by cancer type, and that breast cancer blogs were the most significant and highly linked blogs. Efforts to disseminate cancer-related information may focus on identifying key breast cancer bloggers or linking key bloggers of various cancers to create a more interconnected network and expand its reach within this online community.