bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimasi Gas Injeksi Pada Sembur Buatan Gas Lift Untuk Meningkatkan Besarnya Laju Produksi Minyak Maksimum Dan Evaluasi penghentian Kegiatan Gas Lift, Pada Lapangan Libo PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia Duri
Authors: Musnal Ali , Fitrianti Fitrianti
Published: January 2018

Banyak jenis pengangkatan buatan atau “ Artificial Lift “yang dapat dipergunakan, antara lain; Gas Lift yaitu pengangkatan buatan dengan mempergunakan gas, dan Pumping yaitu pengangkatan buatan dengan mempergunakan pompa, pemakaian jenis pengangkatan buatan ini tergantung pada kondisi  sumur dan lapangan minyak yang akan dikerjakan.

Dengan berjalannya waktu produksi, tekanan reservoir akan mengalami penurunan,  hal ini disebabkan meningkatnya laju produksi air.dan berkurangnya tenaga pendorong Gas. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diatas dipergunakan pengangkatan buatan yang dikenal dengan “Artificial Lift”  .Pada 4 sumur kajian,  pengangkatan buatan di pergunakan “ Gas Lift” yaitu dengan mempergunakan gas sebagai media pengangkatan minyak.

 Pada penelitian ini Peneliti akan menghitung Jumlah Gas injeksi yang optimum untuk mendapatkan laju produksi maksimum dan mengevaluasi kenapa kegiatan gas lift diberhentikan di lapangan Libo ini. Berdasarkan hasil Penelitian dan Perhitungan optimasi, banyak jumlah gas yang melampaui batas optimasi di injeksikan, sehinggah laju produksinya menjadi kecil, hal ini terlihat dari hasil penelitian yang Peneliti lakukan. Bila kelebihan gas injeksi ini tidak terjadi akan dapat mempanjang kegiatan gas lift selama 3 bulan dalam satu tahun. Faktor terhentinya kegiatan gas lift di lapangan Libo, Yaitu menurunya laju produksi gas dari 4 sumur yang ada dari 3.134.609 SCF/D menjadi 2.931.000 SCF/D dan supplay gas yang tidak stabil dari perusahaan pemasok gas.
Motifs from the life and work of the first contemporary Turkis woman writer Fatma Aliye in Jelena Dimitrijevic’s novel the New women
Authors: Randjelovic Milan
Published: January 2018

The paper presents a consideration of the assumption that Jelena Dimitrijevic
in her novel Nove gave homage to the suffragist and the first Turkish
contemporary writer Fatma Aliye, reflecting the motives from her life and
work on the topic and characters of this novel. More examples of
similarities between fates and actions of the characters from mentioned
novel and the biography of Fatma Aliye refer to Dimitrijevic?s intention to
draw attention to the work of her Turkish contemporary and, throught that,
her support of the late Ottoman society?s reforms and the question of women
rights in it, for which Fatma Aliye advocated.
Jovan Skerlic-Milan Rakic correspondence
Authors: Opsenica Dragoslav
Published: January 2018

The text sheds light on some details in the relation between Jovan Skerlic
and Milan Rakic. As the editor of the ?Serbian Literary Messenger?, Skerlic
asked Rakic to submit his poems for publication. The letters reveal how the
?Messenger? came into being and are of exceptional importance to our literary
history.
Bergsonilaisen elokuvateorian jäljillä
Authors: Rennes Aleksi
Published: January 2018

Henri Bergsonin filosofia on toiminut merkittävänä vaikuttimena ja esikuvana monille elokuvateoreetikoille. Silti Bergsonin ajattelu ei itsessään ilmennä suoranaisia elokuvateoreettisia pyrkimyksiä. Hän mainitsee elokuvan vain ohimennen teoksessaan L’Évolution créatrice (1907) käyttäessään elokuvakoneistoa havainnollistavana esimerkkinä inhimillisen tietoisuuden vakiintuneista toimintamekanismeista. Bergsonin filosofian kontekstissa tällainen vertaus tuo mukanaan jokseenkin pessimistisen näkemyksen elokuvan ilmaisuvoimasta: elokuva sidotaan havainnon ja ajattelun totunnaisten muotojen jäljentämiseen, kun taas filosofian tulee Bergsonin mukaan päinvastoin purkaa ja ylittää näitä muotoja ja siten pyrkiä tavoittamaan maailma sellaisenaan ennen sen järjestymistä inhimilliseksi kokemukselliseksi todellisuudeksi. Näin ollen elokuva ja filosofia näyttäytyvät jokseenkin vastakkaisina todellisuuden kartoittamisen käytäntöinä, mikä asettaisi kyseenalaiseksi koko oletuksen erityisen bergsonilaisen elokuvateorian mahdollisuudesta. Artikkelissa esitetään, että tällainen negatiivinen tulkinta elokuvan potentiaalista voidaan kuitenkin välttää, kun huomio kohdistetaan laajemmin Bergsonin filosofiaan kokonaisuudessaan ja etenkin siinä hyvin keskeisiin kuvallisuuden, liikkeen ja ajan käsitteistöihin. Samankaltaiset käsitteet ja ongelmat nousevat verrattain luonnollisesti esiin myös suoraan elokuvaa koskevien teorioiden ja käytäntöjen yhteydessä. Näin ollen Bergsonin filosofian ja elokuvatutkimuksen välille rakentuu hyvinkin olemuksellinen kytkös, jota esimerkiksi Gilles Deleuze korostaa vahvasti omassa elokuvafilosofiassaan. Artikkelissa merkittävänä painopisteenä onkin Deleuzen hahmottama elokuvan ontologia, jossa bergsonilaisen metafysiikan rakenne ja keskeiset eronteot saavat tarkkaan määritellyt vastineensa tietyissä elokuvallisen ilmaisun peruselementeissä.Deleuzen tapa soveltaa Bergsonin filosofiaa elokuvaan asettuu osaksi laajempaa perinnettä. Muun muassa Jean Epstein ja Béla Balázs hyödynsivät Bergsonin ideoita elokuvateorioissaan jo 1920-luvulla. Heillä elokuva määrittyy havainnon koneistoksi, joka ei ole suinkaan sidottu inhimilliseen luonnolliseksi oletettuun havaitsemisen tapaan vaan jolla on kyky tehdä tiettäväksi tuollaisen inhimillisen kokemuksen muodostumisen ehdot. Tässä mielessä he myöntävät elokuvalle voiman toteuttaa Bergsonin filosofian metodologiaa käytännössä. Epsteinin, Balázsin ja Deleuzen teorioissa on kyllä merkittäviä eroja, mutta he kaikki omaksuvat Bergsonin filosofialle esittämän vaatimuksen siitä, että ajattelu tulee irrottaa inhimillisestä näkökulmasta ja sen määrittämistä intellektuaalisista tottumuksista, ja ottavat sen myös elokuvatutkimuksen lähtökohdaksi.
Actitudes inclusivas en la formación del profesorado de educación física. Aportaciones desde los Talleres de Acción Directa
Authors: Lleixà Arribas Teresa , Ríos Merche , Gómez-Zepeda Gabriela , Petreñas Cristina , Puigdellívol Ignasi
Published: January 2018

Los Talleres de Acción Directa son una estrategia metodológica en la formación del profesorado. Los estudiantes plantean y aplican acciones educativas con alumnado de enseñanza primaria que acude a la Universidad. Los objetivos de la investigación son identificar las percepciones de los estudiantes de la asignatura de Educación Física Inclusiva sobre dicha metodología y valorar sus efectos en las actitudes inclusivas. Adopta un enfoque descriptivo-interpretativo, integrando una técnica cuantitativa, el cuestionario, y dos cualitativas, los informes de los estudiantes y el grupo de discusión. Los resultados muestran la percepción positiva en lo concerniente a las relaciones entre teoría y práctica, a la reflexión sobre su práctica y motivación, al desarrollo de actitudes de autoconfianza y a la superación de prejuicios y estereotipos.
Os mistérios e o teatro no Antigo Egito
Authors: Brancaglion Jr Antonio
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo analisa um dos aspectos menos conhecidos do Antigo Egito: a existência de espetáculos teatrais durante o período faraônico. Fazendo um resumo dos primeiros estudos a este respeito e sobre alguns poucos textos com características dramáticas, as evidências sugerem a existência de dois gêneros de manifestações dramáticas, um dirigido para a ação litúrgica e outro para o drama religioso. Ambos com uma predileção por episódios ligados ao mito do deus Osiris.
Passatempos de uma época mítica: o Egito antigo
Authors: Bakos Margaret Marchiori
Published: January 2018

Este artigo versa sobre jogos e lazeres dos antigos egípcios, valorizando as representações dessas atividades como indícios para o conhecimento das maneiras como aquela gente usava o seu tempo livre. Reflete sobre as limitações a criatividade dos indivíduos, face aos seus contextos, e salienta, nesse caso, a presença de relacionamentos míticos em todas as instâncias de sociabilidade, até mesmo nas de lazer. Ele mostra as potencialidades das imagens de jogos como instrumentos de pesquisa para o conhecimento das relações dos homens entre si e com os deuses, no Egito antigo.
A imagística dos Jogos nas moedas do Mundo Antigo
Authors: Kormikiari Maria Cristina Nicolau
Published: January 2018

Os Jogos foram eventos de suma importância na vida cotidiana e política da Antiguidade greco-romana. Entre outras possibilidades de estudo, podemos observar e analisar esta importância através do uso que se fez de imagens relacionadas aos Jogos, e que foram estampadas em moedas de diversas cidades e governos tanto na Grécia quanto em Roma. O texto ora apresentado pretende trabalhar com algumas destas imagens demonstrando sua transformação no tempo e no espaço.
Poder e política nos espetáculos oficiais da Roma Imperial
Authors: Almeida Ludmila S.
Published: January 2018

Os jogos e espetáculos realizados na Roma Imperial eram acontecimentos marcantes para a cidade. O Imperador, ao promovê-los, buscava alcançar ou consolidar um maior prestígio pessoal e político junto à população urbana. As fontes do período atestam que o circo e o anfiteatro se converteram num espaço, talvez único, para a população da Cidade se expressar, aplaudindo ou apresentando diversas modalidades de reivindicações – inclusive políticas – às autoridades presentes nas celebrações. Inúmeras alterações do contexto histórico, sobretudo a partir do IIIo século, refletiram-se na realização dos jogos. Sendo manifestações características de uma determinada configuração social, elas tendem a passar por um processo gradativo de diminuição numérica de frequência que culmina com o término de sua promoção na Cidade.
Michelangelo e o Laooconte
Authors: Berbara Maria Cristina Louro
Published: January 2018

A exumação do Laocoonte vaticano em 1506 provocou um enorme impacto na cultura artística romano-florentina do século XVI. O grupo escultórico tornou-se um exemplum para os artistas do período, notadamente para Michelângelo. O artista florentino utilizou o modelo laocoontiano em seu desenho para Vittoria Colonna representando uma Crucificação; este desenho, por sua vez, determinaria um novo padrão de representação de Cristo na cruz a partir de meados do século XVI, e durante todo o século XVII.
L'édition critique des textes grecs anciens
Authors: Jouan François
Published: January 2018

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BOYARIN, Daniel. Israel carnal: lendo o sexo na cultura talmúdica. Rio de Janeiro: Imago, 1994. 286p
Authors: Brandão Jacyntho José Lins
Published: January 2018

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TRINGALI, Dante. A artepoética de Horácio. São Paulo: Musa, 1993. (Ler os Clássicos, v. 1). 101. [Edição bilíngue.]
Authors: Novak Maria da Glória
Published: January 2018

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The importance of the occupational vocal load for the occurence and treatment of organic voice disorders
Authors: Zabret Miha , Hočevar Boltežar Irena , Šereg Bahar Maja
Published: January 2018

Introduction

The voice represents a basic working tool for carrying out certain occupations. Hoarseness, as a consequence of vocal fold lesions, presents an important cause of work-related absences for voice professionals.

Methods

Our study was designed as a retrospective cohort one. Data on gender, workplace, vocal load and exposure to risk factors for voice disorders of the patients who had surgery in the 2014-2015 period at the tertiary centre due to benign vocal fold lesions were collected from their clinical records. We compared professional voice users (PVU) to subjects with no vocal load at work (NPVU). The SPSS programme, version 22.0, was used for statistical analysis.

Results

From 2014 to 2015, 103 PVU and 132 NPVU were surgically treated for benign vocal fold lesions. In comparison to the second group, loud speech use was reported significantly more often by PVU (40.8% vs. 14.4%), as was a fast speaking rate (22.3% vs. 9.8%) and additional vocal load outside of the workplace (23.3% vs. 12.9%). The time that had passed between the occurrence of the hoarseness and the surgical treatment did not differ between the groups. The majority of patients were satisfied with the outcome of the operation.

Conclusions

Nearly a half of the operated patients had a considerable vocal load at work. An ENT assessment prior to starting a job as well as priority phoniatric treatment of voice disorders for PVU would significantly reduce the costs of work absences and contribute to a speedier recovery and return to the workplace.
Risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women – from the point of view of primary care gynecologist
Authors: Franic Damir , Verdenik Ivan
Published: January 2018

Introduction

Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent public health problem with osteoporosis-related fractures that account for high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prevention strategies and early detection of osteoporosis should be carried out in primary gynaecological care units, so as to substantially reduce the risk of fractures and allow the best treatment option for a particular woman.

Methods

From 2002 to 2011, we recruited 2956 women. Of the total number of women, we additionally extrapolated 1274 women aged 60-75 years, assumingly, the group of women at higher risk of osteoporosis. Demographic and anthropometrical data as well as the information regarding risk factors for osteoporosis were collected using a questionnaire.

Results

The odds ratio for osteoporosis increased by 8% (p=0.001) with each additional year of life. The OP prevalence increased with age from 24.9% in 60-64 years to 37.4% in 70-75 years. In non-smokers the odds ratio for osteoporosis was 0.424, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). BMI <18.5 increased the odds ratio for osteoporosis by 2 times, which was not statistically significant. In women 60-75 years old (N=1274), the risk of fractures increased with increasing age, considering previous fractures in the last 5 years (p<0.001), hip fracture (p=0.001), wrist fracture (p=0.002) and observed height loss (p<0.001). Hormone therapy (HT) use decreased the prevalence of OP by 25% in comparison with non-users.

Conclusion

Primary care gynaecologist with a DXA centre has every opportunity for a holistic approach to the management of postmenopausal women, including the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
ANALISIS MODEL SUPPLY PADA JARINGAN SISTEM KELISTRIKAN DI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA BUKIT JIMBARAN
Authors: Yuniari Margareta , Giriantari Ida Ayu Dwi , Sukerayasa I Wayan
Published: January 2018

The addition of the power source to the main network is one way to improve the quality of electric power system, network reliability and to reduce power losses. The addition of the energy source is a smart microgrid system. The smart microgrid technology is a technology that uses renewable energy as a main supply. Smart microgrid system consists of a 24 kWp solar power, Wind Turbine 5 kWp system 240 kVAh battery and genset 20 kVA. The smart microgrid system to be implemented at the Engineering Faculty of Udayana University. The results showed the power loss (losses) on the electrical grid at FT Bukit Jimbaran before the advent of smart microgrid system to the network, acquired losses of 6.4 kW or 3.68% of the total load when the network is supplied from PLN and after the inclusion of smart microgrid system and generator sets to the grid obtained by losses of 1.2 kW or decreased losses of 0.69% of the total expenses of 173.54163 kW. Reliability indices obtained at the Technical University of Udayana network after the entry smart microgrid system when interconnected with PLN namely SAIFI: 0.1029, SAIDI: 1.9229 hours / customer, and CAIDI: 18.686 hours / interruption.
Aplikasi Sensor Cahaya Sebagai Sensor Garis Pada Robot Berbasis Kontrol PID Dengan Pengaturan Kepekaan Cahaya Otomatis
Authors: Riandana Made Niantara , Budiastra I Nyoman , Partha Cok Gede Indra
Published: January 2018

Robot line follower merupakan robot dengan sistem kontrol otomatis yang bergerak mengikuti sebuah lintasan/garis. Sistem kontrol yang digunakan dalam robot line follower adalah sistem kontrol berbasis PID yang memerlukan pengaturan konstanta Kp, Kd, Ki yang tepat untuk memperoleh pergerakan robot yang stabil dalam mengikuti lintasan. Robot line follower yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah robot yang bersifat adaptif, yang dapat beradaptasi di setiap kondisi pencahayaan yang berbeda pada setiap lintasan. Hasil dari penggabungan sistem kontrol PID dengan pengaturan Kp, Kd, Ki yang tepat, dengan sistem pengaturan kepekaan cahaya otomatis, diperoleh hasil pergerakan robot pada lintasan yang baik dan robot yang dapat beradaptasi dalam beberapa kondisi pencahayaan secara otomatis. Dari hasil pengujian robot yang telah dilakukan, maka telah diperoleh pengaturan konstanta Kp, Kd, dan Ki terbaik dengan nilai konstanta yang diinputkan yaitu Kp=7, Kd=5, Ki=7 dan pengaturan kepekaan cahaya otomatis yang diperoleh berdasarkan pembacaan dua buah sensor cahaya tambahan dengan rumus kepekaan =((sensor1+sensor2 )/2)+100.
Analisis Karakteristik Fenomena Pre-Breakdown Voltage Berbasis Pengujian pada Media Isolasi Minyak
Authors: Negara I Made Yulistya , Fahmi Daniar , Asfani Dimas Anton , Cahyaningrum Dwi Krisna
Published: January 2018

Pre-breakdown voltage is a phenomenon of dielectric breakdown affecting insulation’s performance. The faster pre-breakdown voltage of insulation, the more significant its dielectric degradation. In this paper, pre-breakdown voltage in oil insulation was investigated by using DC high voltage in laboratory scale. Under testing, the streamer development was recorded by using a high-resolution camera. The measured current was synchronized with an image that was picked up during the oil insulation testing. By this experiment, the characteristics of the current in phenomenon pre-breakdown voltage at oil insulation was studied. The results showed that the measured current of pre-breakdown phenomenon in oil insulation under 28 kV to 30 kV excitation voltage is in a range 100 mA - 150 mA.
Dependency Theory and Donor Aid: A Critical Analysis
Authors: KABONGA ITAI
Published: January 2018

This article is a theoretical interrogation and appreciation of the relationship that hitherto exists between the dependency theory and donor aid. A number of scholars have heaped aspersions on the relevance of the dependency theory. This article argues that dependency theory is still relevant and has flared in this current epoch. Donor aid has emerged as a symbol of dependency, supporting the argument on the relevance of dependency theory. Donor aid has emerged as a nuanced form of dependency on western countries. Dependency theory, which originated in the 1950s, has Singer and Prebisch as the progenitors— and emerged as a result of the growing dissatisfaction with modernity theories that had propounded that economic growth in developed countries was similarly going to lead to unabated growth and development in poorer countries. The theory is premised on resources being extracted from poorer countries to enrich wealthy nations. The continuation of this scenario has resulted in a situation where poverty has been exacerbated among the poorer nations, while the wealthy nations are becoming richer. . Donor aid has, in a plethora of ways, enriched the rich countries while dialectically impoverishing poor countries. It is not an exaggeration that donor money that is being extended to Third World countries, has created more employment, demand for goods and services in richer countries than in poorer countries, thus perpetuating underdevelopment in the latter. Donor aid has undoubtedly, been used as a rod to whip Third World countries at variance, with self-serving interests.  On the other hand, the insatiable desire for aid has forced the poorer countries to submit to the dictates of the richer countries.
LAND REFORM IN SOUTH AFRICA: OBSTINATE SPACIAL DISTORTIONS
Authors: Maake Manala Shadrack
Published: January 2018

This theoretical paper seeks to make a significant contribution to the South African land reform discourses. The paper argues that the pace of land redistribution in South Africa is static, and therefore limits the livelihood choices of most intended beneficiaries of the land reform programme. The primacy of the programme within rural development ought to be measured and assessed through ways in which the land reform programmes conform to and improve the livelihoods, ambitions and goals of its intended beneficiaries without compromising agricultural production and the economy. Additionally, this paper highlights the slow pace of the land reform programme and its implications for the socio-economic transformation of South Africa. The paper concludes by demonstrating the need for a radical approach towards land reform which will not disrupt agricultural production, and further secure support and coordination of spheres of government. The democratic government in South Africa inherited a country which is characterised by extreme racial imbalances associated with social relations to land and overt spatial distortions. Non-white South Africans are spatially plagued with feeling the effects of colonial and apartheid legal enactments which sought to segregate ownership of resources on the basis of race. Consequently, the democratic government is mandated to formulate land reform measures to aid the reversal of colonially fuelled spatial distortions. Thus, coordination between the spheres of government, markets forces and civil society is indispensable in the accomplishment of satisfactory land reform.
HOW CAPITALISM AND RACISM CONTINUE TO SHAPE THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Makgetlaneng Sehlare
Published: January 2018

This work provides a critical analysis of the dialectical and organic relationship between the benefits and misfortunes of capitalism and racism as an integral socio-economic part of the South African history since the inception of capitalism and racism in the country in the 15th century. This task is executed by highlighting the importance of the dialectical and organic relationship between race and class. It maintains that the primacy of class over race in terms of importance has existed since the inception of capitalism and racism. The theoretical and practical recognition of the primacy of class over race in terms of importance in the South African political economy is of strategic importance in the struggle for structural socio-economic change and transformation in the country. This struggle constitutes the efforts to solve the structural problem of the benefits of capitalism and racism enjoyed by the decisive minority of its population and their misfortunes confronted or encountered by the decisive majority in the past and present tenses of its history. It maintains that to best and effectively serve the needs and demands of the struggle for structural social change and transformation, whose aim is to end the benefits and misfortunes of capitalism and racism, it is of strategic and tactical importance to dialectically and organically weave the relationship between race and class without departing from the importance of the racial factor in the South African political economy.
The Production and Consumption of Cultural Villages in South Africa: A Decolonial Epistemic Perspective
Authors: Ndlovu Morgan
Published: January 2018

While many of the peoples who exist in the 'spatio-temporal' construct known as the postcolonial world today are convinced that they have succeeded - through anticolonial and anti-imperial struggles - to defeat colonial domination, the majority of the people of the same part of the world have not yet reaped the freedoms which they aimed to achieve. The question that emerges out of the failure to realise the objectives of anti-colonial and anti-imperial struggles by the people of the Third World after a number of years of absence of juridical-administrative colonial and apartheid systems is to what extent did the people who sought to dethrone colonial domination understand the complexity of the colonial system? And to what end did the ability and/or inability to master the complexity of the colonial system affect the process of decolonization? Through the case study of the production and consumption of cultural villages in South Africa, this article deploys a de-colonial epistemic perspective to reveal, within the context of tourism studies, the complexity of the colonial system and why a truly decolonized postcolonial world has so far eluded the people of the developing world.
A Comparative Case of the Implications of Various Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh, India, South Africa, and Zimbabwe
Authors: Musarandega Happwell , Chingombe Wisemen
Published: January 2018

This article is a synthesis of literature on cross-country experiences on the strategies for adapting to climate change in Southeast Asia (Bangladesh and India) and Southern Africa (South Africa and Zimbabwe). The article shows that each selected country employs unique measures for adapting to climate change. In Bangladesh the specific strategies for adapting to climate change include the establishment of kinship and extended family ties to assist in difficult times. Other strategies include diversification from the seasonal crop and perennial crop, provision of micro-finance, and adoption of non-farm income generating projects. The adaptation strategies in India include the establishment of farmer groups—examples of such groups are the self-help groups (SHG), the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGA), the Pradhan Mantri Gram Rojgaar Yojana (PMGRY), and Public Distribution System (PDS). In South Africa the adaptation measures include rationalising farm expenditure, changing of planting and harvesting dates, water conservation, planting drought-tolerant crops, and agricultural insurance. In Zimbabwe, farmers are adopting conservation agriculture, moving to regions with more rainfall, and investing in irrigation. The essential lessons for climate change adaptation from the countries studied showed that there is a need to rationalise farm inputs, adopt early maturing crop varieties, plant drought-tolerant crops, sound water management practices, and conserving the soil. Equally important is the need to conserve the water bodies, diversify effective weather forecasting, and use of early warning systems.
INNOVATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT NEXUS: PROSPECTS FROM RURAL ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Hart Tim , Jacobs Peter , Ramoroka Kgabo , Mhula-Links Alexandra , Letty Brigid
Published: January 2018

The purpose of South Africa's White Paper on Science and Technology was to set South Africa on a path away from its historically exclusive and relatively dysfunctional National System of Innovation to one more inclusive in its representation and dealings with civil society, the private sector and the marginalised - particularly the poor. Despite the links of subsequent science, technology and innovation policies and strategies to development outcomes, the focus on the poor was notably overlooked. In the decade since the White Paper was released, the gradual and minimal 'trickle-down benefits' of innovation failed to address increasing inequality, unemployment and subsequent poverty across South Africa. Evidence from our study of four rural district municipalities, using a purposively designed snowball sampling approach, indicates that current innovation activities in these areas appear prominent in the service or tertiary economic sector. This evidence reinforces prevailing ideas that the service sector is an important area for innovation and development, while the primary sector, including agricultural activities, remains important but perhaps less than previously emphasised. The high number of public, private and non-profit enterprises innovating in the service sector delineates this sector as a crucial entry point for innovation linked development. However, several prevailing trends with regard to innovation networks and the diffusion of innovations exist as challenges across all three sectors. These obstacles need to be overcome if the innovation and development nexus is to be strengthened and lead to broader local socioeconomic development and economic growth.
SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA: INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING LEADERSHIP PARTICIPATION
Authors: Quan-Baffour Kofi Poku , Addae David
Published: January 2018

Successive governments in Ghana have since the attainment of independence in 1957 initiated many programmes aimed at promoting sustainable rural development. The Northern Region of the country has benefited immensely from such initiatives. Many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and International Development Agencies (IDAs) have augmented the efforts of government by making the region a focus of their developmental agenda. In spite of the profound commitment exhibited by the government and external development partners in bringing about sustainable development to the area, the Northern Region still remains one of the most deprived areas in terms of access to basic and necessary facilities and amenities. It can be argued that since rural leaders wield considerable influence over their people, their participation in rural development projects will go a long way to ensure the success of such projects. It is against this backdrop that this article sought to identify strategies for enhancing the participation of community leaders in the development of their communities in the Northern Region. The study was undertaken in the Sawla-Tuna-Kalba district of the Northern Region. It is the belief of the authors that the results from this study can be generalised to the entire region. This study employed the mixed methods research approach where 100 community leaders were selected for interviews. The study found amongst other things that community leaders in the district lacked basic literacy and numeracy skills, which hampered their active participation in the various stages of community development. It was recommended that the capacities of community leaders should constantly be built in order to promote their active participation in community improvement initiatives.
Negative statecraft and the Social Worse-offs in the modern African state: Exploring the concept of political utilitarianism for ethical leadership and governance
Authors: Badru Ronald Olufemi
Published: January 2018

This work makes two fundamental claims. First, the problem of negative statecraft has persisted in Africa, causing a negatively upward shift in the general curve of poverty as well as what John Rawls calls the social worse-offs on the continent. Preliminary research shows that this problem is usually mainly addressed from the social scientific perspective in Africa. Second, the present work normatively reacts to this implicit challenge, from the social sciences, through an ontologically ethical submission that the problem of negative statecraft is largely reducible to the moral deficit of leadership in Africa. Therefore, the work argues that a constitutional emphasis on political utilitarianism, a derivative from normative utilitarianism, largely addresses the problem. Just as normative utilitarianism reduces the rightness or wrongness of human conduct to the extent and intensity of the good produced or failed to produce, to satisfy the greatest number, political utilitarianism also analyzes the performance or non-performance of political leadership in Africa by the extent and intensity of the good produced, or failed to produce, to benefit the greatest number. Ultimately, this normative turn reinvents ethical leadership and governance, making the political leadership more responsible and responsive to the people in the modern African state.
VIOLENCE EXPERIENCED BY NURSES WORKING IN ACUTE CARE PSYCHIATRIC WARDS AT A GAUTENG HOSPITAL
Authors: Nguluwe B.C.J. , Havenga Y. , Sengane M.L.M.
Published: January 2018

Of all hospital staff, nurses are the most exposed to violence in the workplace that can cause long-term negative effects. The purpose of this study 'is to increase the understanding of violence against nurses in acute care psychiatric wards in a Gauteng hospital to promote the nurses mental health. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used by purposively sampling nurses who had experienced violence. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. Nurses had experienced physical, sexual and psychological violence and perceived the risk factors of violence to be mental health care user-related. They described the physical and emotional effects of the violence they experienced. Recommendations are made to prevent violence and manage incidents after their occurrence to promote nurses mental health.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO RELAPSE OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE USERS TREATED FOR SUBSTANCEINDUCED PSYCHOTIC DISORDER IN A PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL IN GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Thothela S. , Van der Wath A.E. , Janse van Rensburg E.S.
Published: January 2018

This study explored the factors contributing to relapse of mental health care users (MHCUs) treated for substance-induced psychotic disorder in a public psychiatric hospital in Gauteng, South Africa. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was followed. The study was conducted at the outpatient department of the hospital. Participants were selected purposefully from MHCUs visiting the outpatient department for follow-up. Ten semistructured interviews were used to collect data until data saturation occurred. The transcribed interviews and field notes were analysed using Tesch's method of qualitative data analysis. The researcher and an independent coder reached consensus on the categories, sub-categories and themes. Trustworthiness was ensured through application of the strategies of dependability, transferability, conformability, credibility and authenticity.
The findings explicated the factors contributing to relapse of MHCUs treated for substanceinduced psychotic disorder in a psychiatric hospital. These factors included psychological, physical and social factors. Recommendations were provided for psychiatric nurses in terms of therapeutic programme planning and involvement of the community and family in the management of MHCUs treated for substance-induced psychotic disorder.
THE NEEDS AND EXPECTATIONS OF STAFF AND STUDENTS LIVING WITH HIV AND AIDS IN A SOUTH AFRICA RURAL-BASED UNIVERSITY
Authors: Mavhandu-Mudzusi Azwihangwisi
Published: January 2018

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are making an impact in institutions of higher education. Studies have revealed that though few students and staff have been recorded to be suffering from HIV/AIDS, more have become ill and some have died in ways that signal the impact of HIV/AIDS. Universities can contribute to addressing the needs and expectations of staff and students living with HIV and AIDS. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the preparedness of a South African rural-based university in addressing the needs and expectations of staff and students living with HIV and AIDS. A qualitative study design was followed, with one South African rural-based university as the case setting. Qualitative interviews were conducted stemming from the central research question, â€œHow is the university addressing the needs and expectations of staff and students living with HIV and AIDS?â€ Following an open coding method of data analysis, three themes emerged relating to how the needs and expectations of staff and students living with HIV and AIDS are addressed: persistence stigma and discrimination, limited assurance to confidentiality and, inadequate treatment, care and support. Recommendations were made for improvement of service delivery to address the needs and expectations of staff and students living with HIV and AIDS and further research should be conducted on large scale to determine other needs and expectations of SSLWHA other South African rural-based universities and how they are addressed.
EXISTING AND EVOLVING IN TWO MINDS: BELIEFS IN RELATION TO HEALTH AND ILLNESS EXPRESSED BY OLDER SOUTH AFRICANS
Authors: Bohman D M , Van Wyk Neltjie , Ekman S
Published: January 2018

The aim of the study was to illuminate beliefs in relation to health and illness expressed by older Africans within the context of a society in transition â€“ South Africa. An ethnographic research approach influenced by the interpretive phenomenological tradition was selected to gain an understanding of the participantsâ€™ experiences. A focused ethnographic design was employed, using group and individual in-depth interviews and participant observations. Sixteen elderly persons (ten females and six males) from Hammanskraal, a rural area north of Pretoria were involved in the research. The findings illuminate a world understanding, where body and mind are inseparable and relationships provide the foundation for improving and maintaining health and being cured from illness. The ongoing transition that the elderly in South Africa experience influences health and illness beliefs, with a need to adapt to existing parallel health care systems, Western biomedicine and African traditional medicine. As the study draws attention to the importance of caring for the elderly to be contextualised, it is recommended that the care of the elderly be applied to the unique needs of the individual involved. Failure to do so may otherwise have severe consequences such as an apparent high risk of developing stereotypes, which can lead to cultural misunderstandings, prejudice and discrimination.
IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH THREE MINUTE PAUSE STRATEGY
Authors: Hamid Radiah , Musriana Musriana , Amin Bahrun , Qalby Nur
Published: January 2018

This research aimed to explain the improved of the students’ reading comprehension in terms of literal comprehension dealing with main idea and details and summarizing dealing with content and logical order. A classroom action research which was conducted in two cycles in which every cycle consisted of four meetings. The location of this research was taken at X students of SMA Gunung Sari Makassar with a number of the subject were 20 students. The research findings indicate that the application of Three Minute Pause strategy was significant in improving the students’ reading comprehension in terms of literal comprehension and summarizing. It was proved by the mean score of the cycle I was 6.88then increased to be 7.87 in cycle II. They were higher than the mean score of diagnostic test namely 4.77. It means that there was the improved of the students’ reading comprehension in terms of literal comprehension dealing with main idea and details and summarizing dealing with content and logical order.
Building Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah Through Participation
Authors: Mubarok M. Khusni , Fajriyah Izzatul
Published: January 2018

This research examines the public participation in establishing a madrasah Ibtidaiyyah held at MI Al-Hikmah Kalidawir. The methodology used was a qualitative approach. Data analysis procedures through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. There are three findings of the research, namely: first, the presence of some of the participating institutions in MI Al-Hikmah Kalidawir; secondly, the efforts of the madrasah and institutions to encourage people to participate in the school; and third, their work patterns and phases of the madrasah and institutions in realizing the ideals of schools that have superior quality and high participation. This research aims to determine the extent of public participation in the Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah.
Comparison of influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing outpatient and inpatient influenza cases in older adults, northern Spain, 2010/11 to 2015/16
Authors: Castilla Jesús , Martínez-Baz Iván , Navascués Ana , Casado Itziar , Aguinaga Aitziber , Díaz-González Jorge , Delfrade Josu , Guevara Marcela , Ezpeleta Carmen ,   Primary Health Care Sentinel Network of Navarre,   Network for Influenza Surveillance in Hospitals of Navarre
Published: January 2018

Introduction

We compared trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing outpatient and inpatient influenza cases in Navarre, Spain. Methods: During seasons 2010/11 to 2015/16, community-dwelling patients with influenza-like illness aged 50 years or older were tested for influenza when attended by sentinel general practitioners or admitted to hospitals. The test–negative design was used to estimate and compare the VE by healthcare setting. Results: We compared 1,242 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases (557 outpatient and 685 inpatient cases) and 1,641 test-negative controls. Influenza VE was 34% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6 to 54) in outpatients and 32% (95% CI: 15 to 45) in inpatients. VE in outpatients and inpatients was, respectively, 41% (95% CI: –1 to 65) and 36% (95% CI: 12 to 53) against A(H1N1)pdm09, 5% (95% CI: –58 to 43) and 22% (95% CI: –9 to 44) against A(H3N2), and 49% (95% CI, 6 to 73) and 37% (95% CI: 2 to 59) against influenza B. Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine was not associated with a different probability of hospitalisation among influenza cases, apart from a 54% (95% CI: 10 to 76) reduction in hospitalisation of influenza A(H3N2) cases. Conclusions: On average, influenza VE was moderate and similar in preventing outpatient and inpatient influenza cases over six influenza seasons in patients above 50 years of age. In some instances of low VE, vaccination may still reduce the risk of hospitalisation in older adults with vaccine failure.
Detection of mcr-4 positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in clinical isolates of human origin, Italy, October to November 2016
Authors: Carretto Edoardo , Brovarone Flavia , Nardini Paola , Russello Giuseppe , Barbarini Daniela , Pongolini Stefano , Gagliotti Carlo , Carattoli Alessandra , Sarti Mario
Published: January 2018

In this study we report the detection of the recently described mcr-4 gene in two human isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The strains were isolated from faecal samples of two Italian patients with gastroenteritis, collected in 2016. The identified mcr-4 genes (variant mcr-4.2) differed from the mcr-4 gene originally described in a Salmonella strain of swine origin from Italy. Salmonella species could represent a hidden reservoir for mcr genes.
Ongoing nationwide outbreak of Salmonella Agona associated with internationally distributed infant milk products, France, December 2017
Authors: Jourdan-da Silva Nathalie , Fabre Laetitia , Robinson Eve , Fournet Nelly , Nisavanh Athinna , Bruyand Mathias , Mailles Alexandra , Serre Estelle , Ravel Magali , Guibert Véronique , Issenhuth-Jeanjean Sylvie , Renaudat Charlotte , Tourdjman Mathieu , Septfons Alexandra , de Valk Henriette , Le Hello Simon
Published: January 2018

On 1 December 2017, an outbreak of Salmonella Agona infections among infants was identified in France. To date, 37 cases (median age: 4 months) and two further international cases have been confirmed. Five different infant milk products manufactured at one facility were implicated. On 2 and 10 December, the company recalled the implicated products; on 22 December, all products processed at the facility since February 2017. Trace-forward investigations indicated product distribution to 66 countries.
FACTURA ELECTRÓNICA
Authors: Fuentes Castro Hugo J. , Ayllón Aragón Grisel
Published: January 2018

La factura electrónica fue aplicada en México para luchar contra la evasión. En este trabajo se muestra como la brecha digital que vive nuestro país impide su uso efectivo, y se convierte en un freno para la formalización de empresas. Con ello se observa una desincronización entre el instrumento que utiliza la política pública para mejorar su desempeño, la factura electrónica, y el entorno tecnológico e institucional en el cual éste se aplica. Se hace evidente, mediante el uso de un modelo agente principal, la necesidad de una política fiscal adecuada a la realidad de las microempresas mexicanas.
PANORAMA RECIENTE DE LA CREACIÓN Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS DPPI EN CHINA
Authors: González García Juan
Published: January 2018

En el artículo se analiza la construcción del marco institucional que ha creado China, desde la reforma y apertura económica de finales de la década de los setenta del siglo xx para desarrollar y ajustar su sistema legal a la propiedad intelectual, en todas sus modalidades, al estándar internacional. Igualmente, se describen las etapas por las que ha atravesado China para diseñar y construir dicho marco institucional. Se postula que China sólo logrará convertirse en una economía de desarrollo económico medio en este siglo, si construye un marco institucional ad hoc a su dinamismo económico, ya que, de no garantizar el derecho a la propiedad intelectual, no podrá mantener su liderazgo reciente en la solicitud de marcas y demás denominaciones de la propiedad intelectual, que es la base de la economía global. Se concluye, con el análisis de los retos principales que deberá enfrentar China, para convertirse en una economía del conocimiento plena.
Prediction of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Retention Time for Some Organic Compounds Based on Ab initio QSPR Study
Authors: Hirjani Hirjani , Mudasir Mudasir , Pranowo Harno Dwi
Published: January 2018

Analysis of the quantitative relationship between structure and characteristics of 18 polyaromatic hydrocarbons has been done by quantum Ab initio Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) study at Hartree Fock level of theory. Moment dipole was used as the quantum chemical descriptors, whereas molecular weight and number of rings were applied for constitutional descriptor and the valence connectivity index as steric descriptors. The compoundâ€™s electronic structure was studied by molecular modeling and retention time (Tr) data were obtained from the literature. Multi-linear regression analysis has been performed by randomly splitting the initial data set into on fitting data set and a test data set. The best result provided by QSPR analysis is the following model equation:

 log tR = 1.276 + 0.016MW+0.323Rc-0.423Ï‡1-0.147Ï‡2 with n =18 r=0.917 r2 =0.841 SE=0.182   Fcalc/Ftable = 5.408.

 The retention times of PAH compounds with two and three rings were successfully predicted by QSPR models.
PENGARUH MASA PAKAI DAN TINGKAT TRANSMISI TERHADAP KADAR EMISI GAS BUANG SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA ASTREA GRAND
Authors: Adi Sayoga I Made
Published: January 2018

Recently reducing emissions of the harmful gases that generated in the combustion process of the automobile and other internal combustion engine is absolutely essential to environmental preservation. These emissions pollute the environment and contribute to the global warming, acid rain, smog, odours, and respiratory and other health problems. Therefore many countries around the world are taking major efforts to toughen emission standards. Motor cycles, the lagers amount, contributed the major air pollution in Indonesia. The hamful gases that generated in the motor cycles especially CO, HC and NOx . As the motor cycles is getting older, many components in the combustion system are getting worst and contribute more hamfull emissions. This research was done on July 2001 to find out the emissions and was done on Honda Astrea Grand which have been used since 1995, 1996 dan 1997 on the variety of gear level. A multigas analyser was used to analyse the emission gas out form the tile pipe. The result shows that the maximum CO and HC emission are generated by all motor cycle on the first gear. The higerst CO and HC emission is generated by the olderst motor cycle (1995) and the minimum CO and HC emission is generated by the motor cycle that has been used since 1997.