bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Morphology, Dynamics and Potential Hotspots of Land Surface Temperature at a Local Scale in Urban Areas
Authors: Wang Jiong , Zhan Qingming , Guo Huagui
Published: December 2015

Current characterization of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) remains insufficient to support the effective mitigation and adaptation of increasing temperatures in urban areas. Planning and design strategies are restricted to the investigation of temperature anomalies at a city scale. By focusing on Land Surface Temperature of Wuhan, China, this research examines the temperature variations locally where mitigation and adaptation would be more feasible. It shows how local temperature anomalies can be identified morphologically. Technically, the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite image products are used. They are first considered as noisy observations of the latent temperature patterns. The continuous latent patterns of the temperature are then recovered from these discrete observations by using the non-parametric Multi-Task Gaussian Process Modeling. The Multi-Scale Shape Index is then applied in the area of focus to extract the local morphological features. A triplet of shape, curvedness and temperature is formed as the criteria to extract local heat islands. The behavior of the local heat islands can thus be quantified morphologically. The places with critical deformations are identified as hotpots. The hotspots with certain yearly behavior are further associated with land surface composition to determine effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. This research can assist in the temperature and planning field on two levels: (1) the local land surface temperature patterns are characterized by decomposing the variations into fundamental deformation modes to allow a process-based understanding of the dynamics; and (2) the characterization at local scale conforms to planning and design conventions where mitigation and adaptation strategies are supposed to be more practical. The weaknesses and limitations of the study are addressed in the closing section.
An Analog-Digital Mixed Measurement Method of Inductive Proximity Sensor
Authors: Guo Yi-Xin , Shao Zhi-Biao , Li Ting
Published: December 2015

Inductive proximity sensors (IPSs) are widely used in position detection given their unique advantages. To address the problem of temperature drift, this paper presents an analog-digital mixed measurement method based on the two-dimensional look-up table. The inductance and resistance components can be separated by processing the measurement data, thus reducing temperature drift and generating quantitative outputs. This study establishes and implements a two-dimensional look-up table that reduces the online computational complexity through structural modeling and by conducting an IPS operating principle analysis. This table is effectively compressed by considering the distribution characteristics of the sample data, thus simplifying the processing circuit. Moreover, power consumption is reduced. A real-time, built-in self-test (BIST) function is also designed and achieved by analyzing abnormal sample data. Experiment results show that the proposed method obtains the advantages of both analog and digital measurements, which are stable, reliable, and taken in real time, without the use of floating-point arithmetic and process-control-based components. The quantitative output of displacement measurement accelerates and stabilizes the system control and detection process. The method is particularly suitable for meeting the high-performance requirements of the aviation and aerospace fields.
Study and Experiment on Non-Contact Voltage Sensor Suitable for Three-Phase Transmission Line
Authors: Zhou Qiang , He Wei , Xiao Dongping , Li Songnong , Zhou Kongjun
Published: December 2015

A voltage transformer, as voltage signal detection equipment, plays an important role in a power system. Presently, more and more electric power systems are adopting potential transformer and capacitance voltage transformers. Transformers are often large in volume and heavyweight, their insulation design is difficult, and an iron core or multi-grade capacitance voltage division structure is generally adopted. As a result, the detection accuracy of transformer is reduced, a huge phase difference exists between detection signal and voltage signal to be measured, and the detection signal cannot accurately and timely reflect the change of conductor voltage signal to be measured. By aiming at the current problems of electric transformation, based on electrostatic induction principle, this paper designed a non-contact voltage sensor and gained detection signal of the sensor through electrostatic coupling for the electric field generated by electric charges of the conductor to be measured. The insulation structure design of the sensor is simple and its volume is small; phase difference of sensor measurement is effectively reduced through optimization design of the electrode; and voltage division ratio and measurement accuracy are increased. The voltage sensor was tested on the experimental platform of simulating three-phase transmission line. According to the result, the designed non-contact voltage sensor can realize accurate and real-time measurement for the conductor voltage. It can be applied to online monitoring for the voltage of three-phase transmission line or three-phase distribution network line, which is in accordance with the development direction of the smart grid.
AUV Underwater Positioning Algorithm Based on Interactive Assistance of SINS and LBL
Authors: Zhang Tao , Chen Liping , Li Yao
Published: December 2015

This paper studies an underwater positioning algorithm based on the interactive assistance of a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) and LBL, and this algorithm mainly includes an optimal correlation algorithm with aided tracking of an SINS/Doppler velocity log (DVL)/magnetic compass pilot (MCP), a three-dimensional TDOA positioning algorithm of Taylor series expansion and a multi-sensor information fusion algorithm. The final simulation results show that compared to traditional underwater positioning algorithms, this scheme can not only directly correct accumulative errors caused by a dead reckoning algorithm, but also solves the problem of ambiguous correlation peaks caused by multipath transmission of underwater acoustic signals. The proposed method can calibrate the accumulative error of the AUV position more directly and effectively, which prolongs the underwater operating duration of the AUV.
Spatio-Temporal Constrained Human Trajectory Generation from the PIR Motion Detector Sensor Network Data: A Geometric Algebra Approach
Authors: Yu Zhaoyuan , Yuan Linwang , Luo Wen , Feng Linyao , Lv Guonian
Published: December 2015

Passive infrared (PIR) motion detectors, which can support long-term continuous observation, are widely used for human motion analysis. Extracting all possible trajectories from the PIR sensor networks is important. Because the PIR sensor does not log location and individual information, none of the existing methods can generate all possible human motion trajectories that satisfy various spatio-temporal constraints from the sensor activation log data. In this paper, a geometric algebra (GA)-based approach is developed to generate all possible human trajectories from the PIR sensor network data. Firstly, the representation of the geographical network, sensor activation response sequences and the human motion are represented as algebraic elements using GA. The human motion status of each sensor activation are labeled using the GA-based trajectory tracking. Then, a matrix multiplication approach is developed to dynamically generate the human trajectories according to the sensor activation log and the spatio-temporal constraints. The method is tested with the MERL motion database. Experiments show that our method can flexibly extract the major statistical pattern of the human motion. Compared with direct statistical analysis and tracklet graph method, our method can effectively extract all possible trajectories of the human motion, which makes it more accurate. Our method is also likely to provides a new way to filter other passive sensor log data in sensor networks.
Automated Detection of Firearms and Knives in a CCTV Image
Authors: Grega Michał , Matiolański Andrzej , Guzik Piotr , Leszczuk Mikołaj
Published: December 2015

Closed circuit television systems (CCTV) are becoming more and more popular and are being deployed in many offices, housing estates and in most public spaces. Monitoring systems have been implemented in many European and American cities. This makes for an enormous load for the CCTV operators, as the number of camera views a single operator can monitor is limited by human factors. In this paper, we focus on the task of automated detection and recognition of dangerous situations for CCTV systems. We propose algorithms that are able to alert the human operator when a firearm or knife is visible in the image. We have focused on limiting the number of false alarms in order to allow for a real-life application of the system. The specificity and sensitivity of the knife detection are significantly better than others published recently. We have also managed to propose a version of a firearm detection algorithm that offers a near-zero rate of false alarms. We have shown that it is possible to create a system that is capable of an early warning in a dangerous situation, which may lead to faster and more effective response times and a reduction in the number of potential victims.
Sustainable Street Lighting Design Supported by Hypergraph-Based Computational Model
Authors: Sȩdziwy Adam
Published: December 2015

Street lighting systems are significant energy consumers in urban environments. The important step toward the reduction of this energy consumption and, thus, finding a balance between functional requirements and savings-related demands, was introducing LED-based light sources. There still exists, however, a margin for further savings, which is associated with well-tailored designs of road lighting installations. The critical impediment that has to be overcame beforehand is the computational complexity related to preparing such a well-suited design. To make this approach feasible, we propose using the formal graph-based model, enabling efficient heuristic computations. In this article, we demonstrate several real-life cases showing a coarse estimation of potential savings in terms of reduced CO2 emission. The presented results are expressed in kWh of saved energy, metric tones of CO2 , but also as a volume of combusted fuels, to make the assessment more tangible.
How to Monitor Sustainable Mobility in Cities? Literature Review in the Frame of Creating a Set of Sustainable Mobility Indicators
Authors: Gillis Dominique , Semanjski Ivana , Lauwers Dirk
Published: December 2015

The role of sustainable mobility and its impact on society and the environment is evident and recognized worldwide. Nevertheless, although there is a growing number of measures and projects that deal with sustainable mobility issues, it is not so easy to compare their results and, so far, there is no globally applicable set of tools and indicators that ensure holistic evaluation and facilitate replicability of the best practices. In this paper, based on the extensive literature review, we give a systematic overview of relevant and scientifically sound indicators that cover different aspects of sustainable mobility that are applicable in different social and economic contexts around the world. Overall, 22 sustainable mobility indicators have been selected and an overview of the applied measures described across the literature review has been presented.
Enhancing Economic Sustainability by Markdown Money Supply Contracts in the Fashion Industry: China vs U.S.A.
Authors: Shen Bin , Choi Tsan-Ming , Lo Chris
Published: December 2015

Supply chain contracts, such as the markdown money policy (MMP), are commonly adopted in the fashion industry. In this paper, we explore how fashion companies can use MMP to enhance economic sustainability from the cross-cultural perspective. We conduct case studies on two fashion firms (suppliers), one from China and one from U.S.A., that are adopting MMP in their respective supply chains. Via semi-structured interviews with staff members and some public data searching of the target companies, we find that the cultural factors, such as power distance and collectivism/individualism, affect contract selection, contract management, supplier–retailer leadership, and supplier–retailer relationship. We use the Hofstede’s national cultural dimensions theory to explain our insights. Specifically, in China, a country with a relatively high degree of power distance and collectivism, the companies tend to care more about the group interest and loyalty. The Chinese fashion companies are more willing to play the leading role in managing the relationships with their retailers, and offer MMP to them. In the U.S.A., a country with a relatively low degree of power distance and individualism, the companies are more likely to emphasize their own interest in trading. In fact, we find that American fashion suppliers tend to bargain with their retailers, and they are less willing to proactively provide the markdown money as a sponsor. Finally, managerial implications are provided, and several future challenges on MMP are examined.
Development of Novel Vaccines against Enterovirus-71
Authors: Yee Pinn , Poh Chit
Published: December 2015

The hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by a group of Enteroviruses such as Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus CV-A5, CV-A8, and CV-A16. Mild symptoms of EV-A71 infection in children range from high fever, vomiting, rashes and ulcers in mouth but can produce more severe symptoms such as brainstem and cerebellar encephalitis, leading up to cardiopulmonary failure and death. The lack of vaccines and antiviral drugs against EV-A71 highlights the urgency of developing preventive and treatment agents against EV-A71 to prevent further fatalities. Research groups have developed experimental inactivated vaccines, recombinant Viral Protein 1 (VP1) vaccine and virus-like particles (VLPs). The inactivated EV-A71 vaccine is considered the safest viral vaccine, as there will be no reversion to the infectious wild type strain. The recombinant VP1 vaccine is a cost-effective immunogen, while VLPs contain an arrangement of epitopes that can elicit neutralizing antibodies against the virus. As each type of vaccine has its advantages and disadvantages, increased studies are required in the development of such vaccines, whereby high efficacy, long-lasting immunity, minimal risk to those vaccinated, safe and easy production, low cost, dispensing the need for refrigeration and convenient delivery are the major goals in their design.
pH-Triggered release from surface-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles
Authors: Häuser Manuel , Langer Klaus , Schönhoff Monika
Published: December 2015

Nanoparticles (NP) of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) represent a promising biodegradable drug delivery system. We suggest here a two-step release system of PLGA nanoparticles with a pH-tunable polymeric shell, providing an initial pH-triggered step, releasing a membrane-toxic cationic compound. PLGA nanoparticles are coated by polyelectrolytes using the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, employing poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a pH-sensitive component and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as the releasable polycation. The pH during multilayer deposition plays a major role and influences the titration curve of the layer system. The pH-tunability of PAA is intensively investigated with regard to the pH region, in which the particle system becomes uncharged. The isoelectric point can be shifted by employing suitable deposition pH values. The release is investigated by quantitative 1H NMR, yielding a pH-dependent release curve. A release of PDADMAC is initiated by a decrease of the pH value. The released amount of polymer, as quantified by 1H NMR analysis, clearly depends on the pH value and thus on the state of deprotonation of the pH-sensitive PAA layer. Subsequent incubation of the nanoparticles with high concentrations of sodium chloride shows no further release and thus demonstrates the pH-driven release to be quantitative.
Polydisperse methyl β-cyclodextrin–epichlorohydrin polymers: variable contact time 13C CP-MAS solid-state NMR characterization
Authors: Mallard Isabelle , Baudelet Davy , Castiglione Franca , Ferro Monica , Panzeri Walter , Ragg Enzio , Mele Andrea
Published: December 2015

The polymerization of partially methylated β-cyclodextrin (CRYSMEB) with epichlorohydrin was carried out in the presence of a known amount of toluene as imprinting agent. Three different preparations (D1, D2 and D3) of imprinted polymers were obtained and characterized by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy under cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) conditions. The polymers were prepared by using the same synthetic conditions but with different molar ratios of imprinting agent/monomer, leading to morphologically equivalent materials but with different absorption properties. The main purpose of the work was to find a suitable spectroscopic descriptor accounting for the different imprinting process in three homogeneous polymeric networks. The polymers were characterized by studying the kinetics of the cross-polarization process. This approach is based on variable contact time CP-MAS spectra, referred to as VCP-MAS. The analysis of the VCP-MAS spectra provided two relaxation parameters: TCH (the CP time constant) and T1ρ (the proton spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame). The results and the analysis presented in the paper pointed out that TCH is sensitive to the imprinting process, showing variations related to the toluene/cyclodextrin molar ratio used for the preparation of the materials. Conversely, the observed values of T1ρ did not show dramatic variations with the imprinting protocol, but rather confirmed that the three polymers are morphologically similar. Thus the combined use of TCH and T1ρ can be helpful for the characterization and fine tuning of imprinted polymeric matrices.
Multilingual Fieldwork and Emergent Grammars
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y.
Published: December 2015

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Multiple Exponence of Derivational Morphology in Rarámuri (Tarahumara)
Authors: Caballero Gabriela
Published: December 2015

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Marking Aspect and Mood and Inferring Time in Mam (Mayan)
Authors: England Nora C.
Published: December 2015

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The Proto-Uto-Aztecan Cultivation Hypothesis: New Linguistic Evidence
Authors: Hill Jane H.
Published: December 2015

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Licensing by Information Structure
Authors: Mack Jennifer
Published: December 2015

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Distributed Reduplication in Kankanaey
Authors: McDonnell Bradley
Published: December 2015

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Phrasal Tone Domains in San Mateo Huave
Authors: Pak Marjorie
Published: December 2015

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Debunking the Trochaic Bias Myth: Evidence from Phonological Development
Authors: Rose Yvan , Champdoizeau Christine
Published: December 2015

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Reduplication in Indonesian and the Lexicalist Hypothesis
Authors: Sato Yosuke , McDonnell Bradley
Published: December 2015

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Language and Gesture on Ishigaki Island
Authors: Takekuro Makiko
Published: December 2015

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Political Ideology and Language Policy in North Korea
Authors: Terrell Jacob A.
Published: December 2015

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Indonesian Money, Balinese People: Codeswitching and Numerals in Balinese Sociopolitical Discourse
Authors: Luna Edmundo
Published: December 2015

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A Definite Mystery
Authors: Munro Pamela
Published: December 2015

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Environment Prototypicality in Syntactic Alternation
Authors: Doyle Gabriel , Levy Roger
Published: December 2015

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Structural Case and the Typology of Possessive Constructions
Authors: Duguine Maia
Published: December 2015

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Perceptual Errors or Deliberate Avoidance? Types of English /r/-Dissimilation
Authors: Hall Nancy
Published: December 2015

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Event Integration Patterns in Sidaama (Sidamo)
Authors: Kawachi Kazuhiro
Published: December 2015

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Modification within a Noun Phrase in Sidaama (Sidamo)
Authors: Kawachi Kazuhiro , Tekleselassie Abebayehu Aemero
Published: December 2015

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A Typological Approach to the Split Scope Readings of Negative Indefinites
Authors: St-Amour Michelle
Published: December 2015

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Nibbling is Not Many Bitings in Italian and French: A Morphosemantic Analysis of Event-Internal Plurality
Authors: Tovena Lucia M. , Kihm Alain
Published: December 2015

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The Sentence-Internal Topic and Focus in Chinese
Authors: Hsu Yu-Yin
Published: December 2015

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Information Structure and Discourse Function of Amalgam Wh-Clefts
Authors: Koops Christian , Ross-Hagebaum Sebastian
Published: December 2015

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As Long As You’re Not Effeminate and Fat: Perpetuating the Heteronormative Discourse in Personal Ads of Serbian Gay Youth on the Web
Authors: Bogetic Ksenija
Published: December 2015

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Span of High Tones in Hong Kong English
Authors: Cheung Winnie H. Y.
Published: December 2015

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Ethnicity and Sound Change in San Francisco English
Authors: Hall-Lew Lauren
Published: December 2015

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Event Structure Integration: Korean -ese Constructions
Authors: Hong Jisup
Published: December 2015

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As-ing
Authors: Ross Haj
Published: December 2015

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Arab American Ethnicity and the Northern Cities Shift
Authors: Samant Sai
Published: December 2015

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Investigating an Asymmetry in the Semantics of Japanese Measure Phrases
Authors: Sawada Osamu , Grano Thomas
Published: December 2015

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Incremental and predictive interpretation: Experimental evidence and possible accounts
Authors: Brasoveanu Adrian , Dotlacil Jakub
Published: December 2015

The main question we investigate is whether meaning representations of the kind that are pervasive in formal semantics are built up incrementally and predictively when language is used in real time, in much the same way that the real-time construction of syntactic representations has been argued to be. The interaction of presupposition resolution with conjunctions vs. conditionals with a sentence-final antecedent promises to provide us with the right kind of evidence. Consider the following 'cataphoric' example and the contrast between "and" and "if": "Tina will have coffee with Alex again and / if she had coffee with him at the local cafe". We expect the second clause to be more difficult after "and" than after "if": the conjunction "and" signals that an antecedent that could resolve the "again" presupposition is unlikely to come after this point (the second conjunct is interpreted relative to the context provided by the first conjunct), while the conditional "if" leaves open the possibility that a suitable resolution for the "again" presupposition is forthcoming (the first clause is interpreted relative to the context provided by the second clause). We present experimental evidence supporting these predictions and discuss two approaches to analyze this kind of data.
Semantic values as latent parameters: Surprising few & many
Authors: Schoeller Anthea , Franke Michael
Published: December 2015

Based on a concrete proposal for the semantics of vague quantiﬁers few and many suggests unspeciﬁed parameters which are hard to assess by introspection, we argue for the potential value of data-oriented computational modeling. We demonstrate how semantic values can be estimated from experimental data and a probabilistic model of language use.
Explaining the link between agentivity and non-culminating causation
Authors: Martin Fabienne
Published: December 2015

This paper offers an account for why, cross-linguistically, denying the whole change of state encoded by causative verbs is easier with agent than with causer subjects. It does so by extending Varasdi's theory of the progressive to non-culminating reading sof causative verbs, not only in progressive but also in perfective sentences. It additionally sustains two claims about the difference between agentive and nonagentive ongoing causation events: only the former (a) can in principle start before their potential effects start and (b) are systematically `indicative' of these potential effects.
Surprise-Predicates, Strong Exhaustivity and Alternative Questions
Authors: Romero Maribel
Published: December 2015

Factive emotive verbs like surprise and disappoint disallow the strongly exhaustive reading of wh-questions and do not embed alternative questions (nor polar questions) (Guerzoni & Sharvit 2007; Lahiri 1991; a.o.). This paper develops a novel account of this correlation by exploiting a property of surprise-type verbs so-far overlooked in the question literature: their focus-sensitivity. These verbs are treated as degree constructions where the comparison term –the selected type of answer to the question– must be a member of the comparison class C shaped by focus. Strongly exhaustive answers of wh-questions do not match the comparison class and are thus ruled out. Alternative questions fail to produce a suitable C both for strongly and for weakly exhaustive answers and are, hence, entirely disallowed.
Perspective-shifting and free indirect discourse: Experimental investigations
Authors: Kaiser Elsi
Published: December 2015

The psycholinguistic experiments reported in this paper explore the question of who gets to be the ‘judge’ according to whom we interpret linguistic expressions that seem to require some kind of epistemic anchor, such as epithets (e.g. that jerk). Experiments 1a and 1b corroborate Harris and Potts’ (2009) findings that epithets and appositives can receive non-speaker-oriented readings. Experiments 2 and 3 compare sentences with and without epithets and epistemic adverbs, and show that the presence of these elements can in fact boost the rate of non-speaker-oriented interpretations, at least in contexts that allow the text to be interpreted as fiction/narrative. We suggest this is because, in such contexts, expressions like epithets and epistemic adverbs can signal free indirect discourse.
An Expanded Maize Gene Expression Atlas based on RNA Sequencing and its Use to Explore Root Development
Authors: Stelpflug Scott C. , Sekhon Rajandeep S. , Vaillancourt Brieanne , Hirsch Candice N. , Buell C. Robin , de Leon Natalia , Kaeppler Shawn M.
Published: December 2015

Comprehensive and systematic transcriptome profiling provides valuable insight into biological and developmental processes that occur throughout the life cycle of a plant. We have enhanced our previously published microarray‐based gene atlas of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred B73 to now include 79 distinct replicated samples that have been interrogated using RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq). The current version of the atlas includes 50 original array‐based gene atlas samples, a time‐course of 12 stalk and leaf samples postflowering, and an additional set of 17 samples from the maize seedling and adult root system. The entire dataset contains 4.6 billion mapped reads, with an average of 20.5 million mapped reads per biological replicate, allowing for detection of genes with lower transcript abundance. As the new root samples represent key additions to the previously examined tissues, we highlight insights into the root transcriptome, which is represented by 28,894 (73.2%) annotated genes in maize. Additionally, we observed remarkable expression differences across both the longitudinal (four zones) and radial gradients (cortical parenchyma and stele) of the primary root supported by fourfold differential expression of 9353 and 4728 genes, respectively. Among the latter were 1110 genes that encode transcription factors, some of which are orthologs of previously characterized transcription factors known to regulate root development in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., while most are novel, and represent attractive targets for reverse genetics approaches to determine their roles in this important organ. This comprehensive transcriptome dataset is a powerful tool toward understanding maize development, physiology, and phenotypic diversity.
transPLANT Resources for Triticeae Genomic Data
Authors: Spannagl Manuel , Alaux Michael , Lange Matthias , Bolser Daniel M. , Bader Kai C. , Letellier Thomas , Kimmel Erik , Flores Raphael , Pommier Cyril , Kerhornou Arnaud , Walts Brandon , Nussbaumer Thomas , Grabmuller Christoph , Chen Jinbo , Colmsee Christian , Beier Sebastian , Mascher Martin , Schmutzer Thomas , Arend Daniel , Thanki Anil , Ramirez‐Gonzalez Ricardo , Ayling Martin , Ayling Sarah , Caccamo Mario , Mayer Klaus F.X. , Scholz Uwe , Steinbach Delphine , Quesneville Hadi , Kersey Paul J.
Published: December 2015

The genome sequences of many important Triticeae species, including bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), remained uncharacterized for a long time because their high repeat content, large sizes, and polyploidy. As a result of improvements in sequencing technologies and novel analyses strategies, several of these have recently been deciphered. These efforts have generated new insights into Triticeae biology and genome organization and have important implications for downstream usage by breeders, experimental biologists, and comparative genomicists. transPLANT (http://www.transplantdb.eu) is an EU‐funded project aimed at constructing hardware, software, and data infrastructure for genome‐scale research in the life sciences. Since the Triticeae data are intrinsically complex, heterogenous, and distributed, the transPLANT consortium has undertaken efforts to develop common data formats and tools that enable the exchange and integration of data from distributed resources. Here we present an overview of the individual Triticeae genome resources hosted by transPLANT partners, introduce the objectives of transPLANT, and outline common developments and interfaces supporting integrated data access.
THE SURFACE DENSITY PROFILE OF THE GALACTIC DISK FROM THE TERMINAL VELOCITY CURVE
Authors: McGaugh Stacy S.
Published: December 2015

The mass distribution of the Galactic disk is constructed from the terminal velocity curve and the mass discrepancy–acceleration relation. Mass models numerically quantifying the detailed surface density profiles are tabulated. For R
0 = 8 kpc, the models have stellar mass 5 < M
* < 6 × 1010

, scale length 2.0 ≤ R

d
 ≤ 2.9 kpc, LSR circular velocity 222 ≤ Θ0 ≤ 233

, and solar circle stellar surface density 34 ≤ Σ
d
(R
0) ≤ 61

. The present interarm location of the solar neighborhood may have a somewhat lower stellar surface density than average for the solar circle. The Milky Way appears to be a normal spiral galaxy that obeys scaling relations like the Tully–Fisher relation, the size–mass relation, and the disk maximality–surface brightness relation. The stellar disk is maximal, and the spiral arms are massive. The bumps and wiggles in the terminal velocity curve correspond to known spiral features (e.g., the Centaurus arm is a ∼50% overdensity). The rotation curve switches between positive and negative over scales of hundreds of parsecs. The rms amplitude

, implying that commonly neglected terms in the Jeans equations may be nonnegligible. The spherically averaged local dark matter density is ρ
0,DM ≈ 0.009

(0.34

). Adiabatic compression of the dark matter halo may help reconcile the Milky Way with the c–V
200 relation expected in ΛCDM while also helping to mitigate the too-big-to-fail problem, but it remains difficult to reconcile the inner bulge/bar-dominated region with a cuspy halo. We note that NGC 3521 is a near twin to the Milky Way, having a similar luminosity, scale length, and rotation curve.
Protein-protein interactions between A. aegypti midgut and dengue virus 2: two-hybrid screens using the midgut cDNA library
Authors: Tham Hong-Wai , Balasubramaniam Vinod R. M. T. , Chew Miaw-Fang , Ahmad Hamdan , Hassan Sharifah Syed
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) is principally transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. To date, mosquito population control remains the key strategy for reducing the continuing spread of DENV. The focus on the development of new vector control strategies through an understanding of the mosquito-virus relationship is essential, especially targeting the midgut, which is the first mosquito organ exposed to DENV infection. Methodology: A cDNA library derived from female adult A. aegypti mosquito midgut cells was established using the switching mechanism at the 5’ end of the RNA transcript (SMART), in combination with a highly potent recombination machinery of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gal4-based yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays were performed against DENV-2 proteins (E, prM, M, and NS1). Mammalian two-hybrid (M2H) and double immunofluorescence assays (IFA) were conducted to validate the authenticity of the three selected interactions. Results: The cDNA library was of good quality based on its transformation efficiency, cell density, titer, and the percentage of insert size. A total of 36 midgut proteins interacting with DENV-2 proteins were identified, some involved in nucleic acid transcription, oxidoreductase activity, peptidase activity, and ion binding. Positive outcomes were obtained from the three selected interactions validated using M2H and double IFA assays. Conclusions: The identified proteins have different biological activities that may aid in the virus replication pathway. Therefore, the midgut cDNA library is a valuable tool for identifying DENV-2 interacting proteins. The positive outcomes of the three selected proteins validated supported the quality of the cDNA library and the robustness of the Y2H mechanisms.
Descriptive analyses and risk of death due to Ebola Virus Disease, West Africa, 2014
Authors: Fasina Folorunso Oludayo , Adenubi Olubukola T. , Ogundare Samuel T. , Shittu Aminu , Bwala Dauda G. , Fasina Modupe M.
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Since the first case of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea in 2013, major outbreaks have been reported in West Africa. Methodology: Cases and fatalities of EVD caused by Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) were evaluated, and the risks of dying in the general population and in healthcare workers were assessed. Results: The case fatality rate estimated for EVD was 76.4% in 20 studies. Cumulative proportion of fatal cases in West Africa was 42.9%, 30.1%, and 64.2% in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea, respectively. The proportion of total deaths in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea was 42.5%, 35.8%, and 21.6%, respectively. Healthcare workers were at higher risk of dying compared with the general public, and the same applied to intense transmission countries and to countries with sufficient bed capacities. The declaration of a health emergency “out-of-control” situation by the World Health Organization on 8 August 2014 reduced the risk of death among patients. Factors including deplorable healthcare delivery infrastructure in war-ravaged regions of Africa, the impotence of governments to enforce public health regulations, and the loss of confidence in public healthcare delivery programs were key among others factors that enhanced the spread and magnitude of outbreaks. Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for an overall re-appraisal of the healthcare systems in African countries and the ability to cope with widespread epidemic challenges. Outbreaks like that of Ebola diseases should be handled not just as a medical emergency but also a socio-economic problem with significant negative economic impacts.
Prioritization of zoonotic diseases of public health significance in Vietnam
Authors: Trang Do Thuy , Siembieda Jennifer , Huong Nguyen Thi , Hung Pham , Ky Van Dang , Bandyopahyay Santanu , Olowokure Babatunde
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Prioritization of zoonotic diseases is critical as it facilitates optimization of resources, greater understanding of zoonotic diseases and implementation of policies promoting multisectoral collaboration. This study aimed to establish strategic priorities for zoonotic diseases in Vietnam taking a key stakeholder approach. Methodology: Two weeks prior to a workshop on zoonotic diseases a questionnaire was developed and posted to key professionals involved in different areas of zoonotic disease management in Vietnam. Respondents were asked to assess the relative priority of 12 zoonotic diseases using a number of evidence-based criteria, and to provide suggestions to strengthen multisectoral collaboration. Results: A response rate of 69% (51/74) was obtained, and 75% (38/51) respondents worked in non-international Vietnamese organizations. Respondents identified the top five diseases for prioritization in Vietnam as: avian influenza, rabies, Streptococcus suis infection, pandemic influenza and foodborne bacterial diseases. The three criteria most used to rank diseases were severity of disease, outbreak potential and public attention. Avian influenza was ranked as the number one priority zoonotic disease in Vietnam by 57% of the respondents, followed by rabies (18%). Respondents identified coordination mechanisms, information sharing and capacity building as the most important areas for strengthening to enhance multisectoral collaboration. Conclusions: This study is the first systematic and broad-based attempt to prioritize zoonotic diseases of public health significance in Vietnam using key stakeholders, and a comparative and transparent method. There is limited literature for policy makers and planners on this topic and the results of this study can be used to guide decision-making.
Le déterminisme entre sciences et philosophie
Authors: Pépin François
Published: December 2015

Cet article envisage deux grands moments de la genèse de la catégorie de déterminisme : le déterminisme avant la lettre de Laplace et le déterminisme de Claude Bernard, qui popularise le terme en France. La question est alors de savoir si Bernard a repris à son compte et modifié le cadre laplacien pour l’appliquer à la biologie, ou s’il construit un tout autre concept. Pour répondre à cette question, il faut entrer dans les textes de Laplace et Bernard en soulignant la spécificité de leurs horizons théoriques et de leurs buts respectifs. On remarque d’abord que le déterminisme laplacien construit un cadre précis et original. Axé sur la mécanique rationnelle et un modèle astronomique, il se démarque des travaux antérieurs par un nouvel horizon définissant comme idéal et norme de la science la calculabilité des états du monde grâce à certaines lois fondamentales. Une construction nouvelle de la nécessité naturelle est dès lors proposée, qui intègre un usage central des probabilités – ce qu’on sous-estime souvent. Le déterminisme laplacien offre ainsi un modèle puissant et une référence majeure pour la postérité, mais ces précisions montrent aussi sa spécificité. On peut alors prendre la mesure de l’originalité de Bernard. On voit ainsi que, à côté de certaines analogies partielles et de différences profondes dans la construction théorique, le déterminisme bernardien se démarque par son ancrage dans les sciences expérimentales et pratiques. C’est un déterminisme d’expérimentateur que propose et pratique Bernard, un cadre structurant l’interprétation des expériences dans un contexte particulier. C’est aussi un déterminisme de médecin soucieux de pouvoir agir sur les phénomènes. Si certaines formules générales rappellent les mathématiques, le déterminisme de Bernard est donc manifestement éloigné du modèle mécanique, dont il n’est pas même la modification ou l’adaptation. Le débat se déplace : Bernard précise en fait le déterminisme biologique par comparaison avec la chimie, science expérimentale par excellence. Cette confrontation montre un jeu subtil d’analogies et de démarcations renforçant l’originalité du déterminisme biologique et médical de Bernard. Au final, ces deux déterminismes, loin de s’insérer dans un modèle commun ou de dériver l’un de l’autre, révèlent dès le XIX e siècle la pluralité des cadres pour penser et pratiquer les sciences.
Le déterminisme entre sciences et philosophie
Authors: Fleury Jean-Matthias
Published: December 2015

Longtemps pensée comme une déclinaison des catégories utilisées dans les sciences de la nature, la notion de déterminisme historique a été remise en question dans la seconde moitié du XX e siècle, à l’occasion de la crise qu’ont connus tous les « grands récits » historiques et de la perte de crédit attribuée aux « lois de l’histoire » sur lesquels ils reposaient. Toutefois, il n’est pas certain que la recherche historique puisse entièrement faire l’économie de la notion de causalité, et de nombreux historiens, s’appuyant sur les ressources de la philosophie des modalités contemporaine, s’efforcent aujourd’hui de rendre compte de la contingence historique et des déterminations qu’elle autorise, en s’interrogeant sur la manière dont l’imputation causale sélectionne, dans l’explication des événements et des processus historiques, les enchaînements causaux qui se sont réellement produits dans l’espace des scénarios alternatifs qui auraient pu se produire. C’est ce qu’on désigne par le terme d’histoire contrefactuelle (ce terme désignant précisément les possibilités historiques non réalisées quoique plausibles à un moment donné). Le présent article s’efforce de montrer comment ces démarches permettent de penser à nouveaux frais la notion de causalité en histoire, sans retomber dans les travers des grandes téléologies historiques.
Le déterminisme entre sciences et philosophie
Authors: Paty Michel
Published: December 2015

Les développements récents dans le domaine de la connaissance des systèmes quantiques ont amené à considérer comme des faits physiques des énoncés qui paraissaient naguère relever davantage de l’interprétation, avec liberté d’options, voire de la spéculation. De cette nature sont les comportements quantiques de particules individuelles (diffraction, etc.), les oscillations (de neutrinos, etc.), les corrélations quantiques à distance (non-séparabilité locale), la condensation de Bose-Einstein, la possibilité d’isoler les atomes en les refroidissant et, récemment, la décohérence d’états quantiques de superposition en interaction avec l’environnement, qui permet de mieux se représenter le passage du quantique au macroscopique-classique. Le débat sur l’interprétation de la mécanique quantique a insensiblement changé de nature à la faveur de ces développements, en mettant l’accent sur l’« interprétation physique », qui se distingue plus nettement de l’interprétation philosophique qu’aux « beaux jours » des débuts de la mécanique quantique. En particulier, le concept d’état quantique acquiert ainsi indubitablement une signification directement physique, en termes de propriétés d’un système physique pleinement représenté par une superposition linéaire d’états propres et apte à se propager comme tel dans l’espace et dans le temps. La contrepartie de cet état de choses est une extension de sens du concept de grandeur physique et de fonction d’état (physique), qui peuvent ne pas correspondre directement à des valeurs numériques.
L’« intégré paternel » et son rôle dans la situation analytique ,
Authors: Abram Jan
Published: December 2015

Winnicott décrivait le père comme le premier objet total reconnu par l’enfant, un objet « intégré », transmis par le psychisme de la mère et nécessaire à la fois à la capacité de survivre de l’objet maternel et à l’intégration du self de l’enfant. L’auteur illustre cette fonction paternelle par le récit d’une analyse d’adulte empreinte de terreur, dont l’issue favorable n’a été possible que grâce à la fonction tierce de superviseurs.
Élaboration imaginative
Authors: Bonaminio Vincenzo
Published: December 2015

À travers la présentation d’un matériel clinique, tiré de l’analyse d’un patient de sept ans, fortement inhibé, l’auteur propose un examen du concept d’élaboration imaginative, central dans l’œuvre de Winnicott, mais très peu traité dans la littérature. Selon les indications de Winnicott et selon l’auteur l’élaboration imaginative est tout d’abord cette activité psychique qui se met en route pour essayer de combler, sans jamais y parvenir, l’écart entre le besoin du patient que son transfert soit pris en compte en priorité et la tentative de la part de l’analyste de l’accueillir, entre le « besoin du patient d’être connu dans toutes ses parties », et les obstacles qui entravent, chez l’analyste, sa capacité de rester vivant, éveillé et en bonne condition afin que cela puisse advenir.
Le noyau, la coquille et l’environnement
Authors: Denis Pierre
Published: December 2015

En l’absence de soins adéquats, le centre de gravité de l’individu restera logé dans la coquille, exposé aux quatre vents plutôt qu’abrité dans le noyau. Ce point de vue de D.W. Winnicott paraît bien actuel, à une époque où les pathologies non névrotiques occupent le devant de la scène. L’auteur analyse en détail une conception topique de l’appareil psychique originale, quoique quelque peu énigmatique. Une confrontation de celle-ci avec des textes freudiens et de psychanalystes contemporains sert d’introduction à l’exposé des débuts d’une psychothérapie avec un jeune enfant.
L’avidité et ses destins, à partir de l’œuvre de D.W. Winnicott
Authors: Deronzier Déborah
Published: December 2015

Cet article considère les apports de D.W. Winnicott à la compréhension de la fonction de l’avidité dans le développement psychique ordinaire ainsi qu’à ses destins dans les troubles des conduites alimentaires. À partir de la distinction entre avidité primaire et avidité secondaire, l’auteure souligne l’importance de l’accès à la réparation dans le travail psychique d’intégration de la pulsionnalité primaire. Elle montre que D.W. Winnicott soutenait une pensée de la continuité clinique et processuelle des troubles des conduites alimentaires dans une perspective intersubjective.
Il n’y a aucune chose telle qu’un bébé. le couple mère-enfant au centre de la clinique de Winnicott
Authors: Lehmann Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2015

« Il n’y a aucune autre chose telle qu’un bébé » disait Winnicott ou « un bébé tout seul ça n’existe pas... » N’existe jamais qu’un «  nursing couple  » : un bébé avec quelqu’un qui s’en occupe. Cette réflexion célébrissime et programmatique de Donald Winnicott est ici mise en situation historique, épistémologique et conceptuelle, illustrée et développée par l’auteur en écho de l’élaboration progressive et répétée faite par Winnicott tout au long de son œuvre. Ce paradigme du couple mère/enfant, au-delà de la théorie et de l’observation du développement précoce, est un modèle central de la clinique si singulière de Winnicott autant que de ses apports théoriques majeurs (préoccupation maternelle primaire, « utilisation » de l’objet, rôle de l’environnement, habitation corporelle, collusion psychosomatique).
Rêves d’éducation, éducations de rêve : les leçons de l’utopie
Authors: Drouin-Hans Anne-Marie
Published: December 2015

L’utopie rencontre l’éducation en plusieurs lieux : les romans utopiques offrent des exemples de ce que peut créer l’imagination quand il s’agit d’inventer la meilleure éducation ; lorsque des projets éducatifs semblent illusoires, ou si des expériences éducatives sont jugées dangereuses ou éphémères, on les traite d’utopies ; inversement, dans les moments de découragement on parle d’un “besoin d’utopie”, qui redonnerait l’espoir du mieux ; l’utopie est aussi un mode de pensée qui permet de tester des constructions imaginaires. Péjoratifs ou laudatifs, les divers usages du terme utopie ne sont pas simplement juxtaposés et contradictoires. Ils font naître un concept qu’il est bon de fréquenter pour mieux apprécier ce que vaut le réel.
L’utopie ou la nécessité des écarts entre l’idéal et la réalité
Authors: Bussy Florent
Published: December 2015

Les utopies ont accompagné la modernité. Mais l’expérience du totalitarisme les a largement discréditées et assimilées à des discours maximalistes et potentiellement terroristes. Pourtant, il a existé des utopies très différentes : certaines ont prétendu conquérir la totalité et ont inspiré des pratiques de nature totalitaire, d’autres au contraire ont préservé le principe d’inachèvement et ont clairement maintenu leur distance avec le pouvoir. Nous interrogerons les apports de l’utopie à une politique de la liberté et en particulier la place que la démocratie peut et doit faire à l’utopie pour ne pas s’éloigner de ses principes fondateurs.