bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational discovery of PtS2/GaSe van der Waals heterostructure for solar energy applications
Authors: Xiong Rui , Hu Rong , Zhang Yinggan , Yang Xuhui , Lin Peng , Wen Cuilian , Sa Baisheng , Sun Zhimei
Published: August 2021

2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures as potential materials for solar energy-related applications have been brought to the forefront for researchers.
Directed gas-phase preparation of the elusive phosphinosilylidyne (SiPH2, X2A′′) and cis/trans phosphinidenesilyl (HSiPH; X2A′) radicals under single-collision conditions
Authors: He Chao , Goettl Shane J. , Yang Zhenghai , Doddipatla Srinivas , Kaiser Ralf I. , Silva Mateus Xavier , Galvão Breno R. L.
Published: August 2021

Center-of-mass flux contour map for the reactions of the D1-silylidyne radical (SiD; X2Π) with phosphine (PH3; X1A1) leading to the formation of phosphinidenesilyl (HSiPH/DSiPH) and phosphinosilylidyne (SiPH2).
Green chemistry meets medicinal chemistry: a perspective on modern metal-free late-stage functionalization reactions
Authors: Lasso Juan D. , Castillo-Pazos Durbis J. , Li Chao-Jun
Published: August 2021

This review summarizes the most recent advances of metal-free late-stage functionalization (LSF) of pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Particular emphasis is placed on C–H activation as well as the use of endogenous functional groups.
Di-tert-butyltin(iv) 2-pyridyl and 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl thiolates: versatile single source precursors for the preparation of SnS nanoplatelets as anode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Tyagi Adish , Karmakar Gourab , Mandal B. P. , Dutta Pathak Dipa , Wadawale Amey , Kedarnath G. , Srivastava A. P. , Jain Vimal K.
Published: August 2021

New di-tert-butyltin complexes have been prepared and utilized as molecular precursors for the preparation of SnS nanostructures. They exhibit promising results with high specific capacity when employed as anode material in LIBs.
Building bio-Profiles for common catalytic reactions
Authors: Egorova Ksenia S. , Galushko Alexey S. , Dzhemileva Lilya U. , D′yakonov Vladimir A. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: August 2021

In this work, we present a powerful approach for fast assessment of the potential biological impact of chemical processes on living organisms.
Biomass-derived polymeric binders in silicon anodes for battery energy storage applications
Authors: Taskin Omer S. , Hubble Dion , Zhu Tianyu , Liu Gao
Published: August 2021

Recent developments in silicon anode binders derived from various biomass sources, with a focus on polymer properties and their effect on battery performance.
An “occlusive thrombosis-on-a-chip” microfluidic device for investigating the effect of anti-thrombotic drugs
Authors: Berry Jess , Peaudecerf François J. , Masters Nicole A. , Neeves Keith B. , Goldstein Raymond E. , Harper Matthew T.
Published: August 2021

This occlusive thrombosis-on-a-chip microfluidic device can be used to test antithrombotic drugs. The device uses an on-chip chaotic mixer to introduce EDTA and quench downstream coagulation, essential for reliable determination of occlusion time.
Thermoresponsive multicolor-emissive materials based on solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Otaegui Jaume Ramon , Ruiz-Molina Daniel , Latterini Loredana , Hernando Jordi , Roscini Claudio
Published: August 2021

Despite the recent advances in the field of thermofluorochromism, the fabrication of thermoresponsive multicolor-emissive materials in a simple, low-cost and versatile manner still remains a challenge.
Hollow ZIF-67 derived porous cobalt sulfide as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Zhang Zewu , Li Shijia , Bu Xiaohai , Dai Yifan , Wang Jingxi , Bao Xuwen , Wang Tong
Published: August 2021

A hollow ZIF-67 templating approach was used to fabricate a hollow cobalt sulfide superstructure with enhanced activity for overall water splitting.
Gel self-assembly of lanthanum aminopolycarboxylates with skeleton structures and adsorptions of gases
Authors: Wang Si-Yuan , Xie Zhen-Lang , Dong Xin , Zhou Zhao-Hui
Published: August 2021

Lanthanum aminopolycarboxylates 1–3 have been isolated by gel self-assembly and fully characterized. La-EDTA 3 possesses 5.8 Å diameter tunnels inside the crystals, which can selectively adsorb very small amount of O2 without H2, N2, CH4 and CO2.
The preparation of Al2O3/g-C3N4 composites in aluminum–water self-assembly system and its improved photocatalytic properties
Authors: Zheng Yining , Wei Cundi , An Qi , Yu Jinsheng , Xu Shaonan , Li Lina
Published: August 2021

The aluminum alloy is used as the aluminum source, together with melamine and cyanuric acid, in a water reaction system to obtain the precursor of Al2O3/g-C3N4 through self-assembly in one step, and then calcined to obtain the Al2O3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalytic material.
New quinoxaline-2(1H)-ones as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, molecular docking, ADMET profile and anti-proliferative evaluations
Authors: Yousef Reda G. , Sakr Helmy M. , Eissa Ibrahim H. , Mehany Ahmed. B. M. , Metwaly Ahmed M. , Elhendawy Mostafa A. , Radwan Mohamed M. , ElSohly Mahmoud A. , Abulkhair Hamada S. , El-Adl Khaled.
Published: August 2021

Eleven new quinoxaline derivatives were designed and synthesized as modified VEGFR-2 inhibitors of our previous work.
Theoretical study on the sensing mechanism of chalcone-based fluorescence probe for detecting hydrogen sulfide and biothiols
Authors: Cao Yunjian , Wang Lingling , Liu Ziqi , Sun Chaofan , Li Yuanzuo
Published: August 2021

The single fluorescence phenomenon of Comp2 experimentally is explained by the Boltzmann distribution. Pr1 has three distorted dihedral angles under photo-excitation.
Insulation board-derived N/O self-doped porous carbon as an electrode material for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Su Yingjie , Lu Zhenjie , Cheng Junxia , Zhao Xuefei , Chen Xingxing , Gao Lijuan
Published: August 2021

A high-efficient and low-cost supercapacitor electrode material was sustainably prepared using white waste pollutant as the starting material.
First-principles calculations for understanding microstructures and mechanical properties of co-sputtered Al alloys
Authors: Gong Mingyu , Wu Wenqian , Xie Dongyue , Richter Nicholas A. , Li Qiang , Zhang Yifan , Xue Sichuang , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Jian
Published: August 2021

First-principles calculations reveal the formation and stability of faulted structures in Al alloys kinetically promoted during co-sputtering.
Thermal decomposition of hexamethylenetetramine: mechanistic study and identification of reaction intermediatesviaa computational and NMR approach
Authors: Simonetti Sebastián O. , Kaufman Teodoro S. , Rasia Rodolfo M. , Sarotti Ariel M. , Grimblat Nicolás
Published: August 2021

In a joint DFT and chemometrics study applied to NMR spectra, we disclose the structure of the main decomposition products of hexamethylenetetramine at thermal conditions. The mechanism involves a protonation of HMTA followed by a ring opening and finally a Sigmatropic rearragnment [1,5-H].
Improved broad-spectrum antibiotics against Gram-negative pathogens via darobactin biosynthetic pathway engineering
Authors: Groß Sebastian , Panter Fabian , Pogorevc Domen , Seyfert Carsten E. , Deckarm Selina , Bader Chantal D. , Herrmann Jennifer , Müller Rolf
Published: August 2021

Heterologous expression of a synthetically engineered darobactin gene cluster in E. coli yields new darobactin derivatives with improved anti-Gram-negative activity. Targeted gene deletions provide first insights into biosynthetic steps.
Photocatalytic water splitting: advantages and challenges
Authors: Villa Katherine , Galán-Mascarós José Ramón , López Núria , Palomares Emilio
Published: August 2021

An overview of the advantages and challenges of photocatalytic water splitting is provided to encourage new research directions mainly on data reproducibility and photocatalyst scalability.
Effect of metal ions on the physical properties of multilayers from hyaluronan and chitosan, and the adhesion, growth and adipogenic differentiation of multipotent mouse fibroblasts
Authors: Kindi Husnia , Menzel Matthias , Heilmann Andreas , Schmelzer Christian E. H. , Herzberg Martin , Fuhrmann Bodo , Gallego-Ferrer Gloria , Groth Thomas
Published: August 2021

The promoting effect of doping multilayers of hyaluronan and chitosan with metal ions on the adipogenic differentiation of multipotent mouse fibroblasts.
Nanoscale Pt5Ni36 design and synthesis for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Liu Xiaolu , Wan Xin , Tan Xiaoli , Yang Hui , Yang Yu , Shui Jianglan , Wang Xiangke
Published: August 2021

Carbon metabolism mechanisms have been verified by a proof-of-principle synthesis of carbon-supported Pt5Ni36 nanoparticles. The as-synthesized catalyst exhibited efficient and durable ORR performances in PEM fuel cells.
Physical insights from the Frumkin isotherm applied to electrolyte gated organic transistors as protein biosensors
Authors: Manco Urbina Pamela Allison , Berto Marcello , Greco Pierpaolo , Sensi Matteo , Borghi Simone , Borsari Marco , Bortolotti Carlo Augusto , Biscarini Fabio
Published: August 2021

Frumkin isotherm is used to fit data obtained from OECT- and EGOFET-based Intrelukin-6 biosensors and compared to the Langmuir and Hill ones. The model allows extraction of the equilibrium constantKa and the Frumkin interaction parameterg′.
Neural Speech Encoding in Infancy Predicts Future Language and Communication Difficulties
Authors: Wong Patrick C. M. , Lai Ching Man , Chan Peggy H. Y. , Leung Ting Fan , Lam Hugh Simon , Feng Gangyi , Maggu Akshay R. , Novitskiy Nikolay
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to construct an objective and cost-effective prognostic tool to forecast the future language and communication abilities of individual infants.

Method

Speech-evoked electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected from 118 infants during the first year of life during the exposure to speech stimuli that differed principally in fundamental frequency. Language and communication outcomes, namely four subtests of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MCDI)–Chinese version, were collected between 3 and 16 months after initial EEG testing. In the two-way classification, children were classified into those with future MCDI scores below the 25th percentile for their age group and those above the same percentile, while the three-way classification classified them into < 25th, 25th–75th, and > 75th percentile groups. Machine learning (support vector machine classification) with cross validation was used for model construction. Statistical significance was assessed.

Results

Across the four MCDI measures of early gestures, later gestures, vocabulary comprehension, and vocabulary production, the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the predictive models were respectively .92 ± .031, .91 ± .028, .90 ± .035, and .89 ± .039 for the two-way classification, and .88 ± .041, .89 ± .033, .85 ± .047, and .85 ± .050 for the three-way classification (
p
< .01 for all models).

Conclusions

Future language and communication variability can be predicted by an objective EEG method that indicates the function of the auditory neural pathway foundational to spoken language development, with precision sufficient for individual predictions. Longer-term research is needed to assess predictability of categorical diagnostic status.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15138546
An Overview of Tracheostomy Tubes and Mechanical Ventilation Management for the Speech-Language Pathologist
Authors: Barnes George , Toms Nancy
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The speech-language pathologist (SLP) plays an integral role when working with patients who have tracheostomy tubes and are on mechanical ventilation. The patients and the clinical team depend on our expertise to make critical decisions on speaking valve use, introduction of food by mouth (per os), weaning off of the ventilator, weaning from the feeding tube, and tracheostomy tube decannulation.

Conclusions

While not expected to be experts on the cardiopulmonary function of patients, SLPs must have a solid foundation of knowledge when it comes to patients with highly complex disease processes and care plans. This clinical focus article is meant to serve as an overview for the SLP working with tracheostomy tubes and ventilators and for those SLPs interested in entering this area of practice.
A mechanical study of personalised Ti6Al4V tibial fracture fixation plates with grooved surface by finite element analysis
Authors: Liao Bo , Sun Jipeng , Xu Cheng , Xia Rufeng , Li Wei , Lu Dong , Jin Zhongmin
Published: August 2021

Low shape matching and high stress shielding rates between bone plate and human bone are not conducive to the primary healing of fracture. In this study, taking the fracture site of the lower one‐third of human tibia as an application case, six types of personalised Ti6Al4V tibial plates with grooved surface were designed and evaluated by reverse engineering and finite element analysis. The results showed that the grooved design can reduce the stress shielding rate of bone plate and promote the facture healing. Among the six types of bone plates, the ‘OUT‐MI’ bone plate has the lowest stress shielding rate and the most uniform stress distribution. Meanwhile, with the increasing tibial load during the convalescence, the average stress and maximum axial displacement of the tibial fracture surface increased, which can effectively improve the bone regeneration in the tibial fracture area. Moreover, there was no significant difference in four‐point bending performance between the ‘OUT‐MI’ bone plate and the ‘STR‐BE’ bone plate, indicating that the mechanical properties of this bone plate were reliable. The results provide a theoretical basis for the design of fracture fixation plates on clinical treatment.
3D printed lattice structure for lightweight Ka‐band phased array antenna
Authors: Lyu Peng , Ma Xiaofei , Wang Wei , Yang Jing , Li Yan , Zhang Hongmou
Published: August 2021

Here a lightweight antenna array is designed and fabricated for a Ka‐band phased array antenna. From the perspective of advanced space‐borne engineering practice, a Kagome lattice structure is proposed for the lightweight antenna array applications and the representative configurations of the proposed lattice structure is fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM). Experiment is performed to estimate the electrical performance with the featured structure. Compared with the conventional antenna array, the proposed one has 69% less weight, identical measured radiation patterns, and good electrical performance. The results demonstrate the great potentials for other readily customized lightweight phased array antenna applications.
Improved active power dynamic response of voltage‐controlled doubly fed induction generator
Authors: Xie Zhen , Gao Xiang , Li Zhe , Ma Mingyao , Zhang Xing
Published: August 2021

The voltage‐controlled doubly fed induction generator (VC‐DFIG) is widely studied because of its self‐synchronous control characteristics and its ability to actively support the grid voltage and frequency. However, the VC‐DFIG is a multi‐loop and cascade‐controlled system, and the bandwidth design of each control loop is difficult. When the power instruction and grid frequency disturbances occur, the improper bandwidth designs will cause severe oscillation and overshoot. In this study, the Thevenin equivalent voltage model of DFIG is derived, combined with the characteristics of voltage control, and the control structure of VC‐DFIG is constructed. On this basis, a small signal model of active power dynamic response is established, which includes the characteristics of the voltage control loop and active power loop. For the parameter robustness and dynamic response of VC‐DFIG, the frequency damping control strategy and the lead‐lag correction control strategy are proposed. Finally, the enhanced VC‐DFIG technology was realised through the 2.0 MW DFIG experimental platform, and the effectiveness of the two proposed control strategies were verified.
Optimal planning of inverter‐based renewable energy sources towards autonomous microgrids accommodating electric vehicle charging stations
Authors: Ali Abdelfatah , Mahmoud Karar , Lehtonen Matti
Published: August 2021

Renewable energy sources have recently been integrated into microgrids that are in turn connected to electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. In this regard, the optimal planning of microgrids is challenging with such uncertain generation and stochastic charging/discharging EV models. To achieve such ambitious goals, the best sites and sizes of photovoltaic and wind energy units in microgrids with EV are accurately determined in this work using an optimization technique. This proposed technique considers 1) generation profile uncertainty in photovoltaic and wind energy units as well as the total load demand, 2) photovoltaic and wind generation units' DSTATCOM operation capability, and 3) various branch and node constraints in the microgrid. Most importantly, the possible EV requirements are also taken into account, including initial and predetermined state of charge (SOC) arrangements, arrival and departure hours, and diverse regulated and unregulated charging strategies. A bi‐level metaheuristic‐based solution is established to address this complex planning model. The outer level and inner‐level functions optimize renewable energy sources and EV decision variables. Sub‐objectives to be optimized voltage deviations as well as grid power. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the introduced method for planning renewable energy sources and managing EV to effectively achieve autonomous microgrids.
Search for candidate strongly lensed dusty galaxies in the Planck satellite catalogues
Authors: Trombetti T. , Burigana C. , Bonato M. , Herranz D. , De Zotti G. , Negrello M. , Galluzzi V. , Massardi M.
Published: August 2021

The shallow, all-sky Planck surveys at sub-millimetre wavelengths have detected the brightest strongly gravitationally lensed dusty galaxies in the sky. The combination of their extreme gravitational flux-boosting and image-stretching offers the unique possibility of measuring in extraordinary detail the galaxy structure and kinematics in early evolutionary phases through high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic follow-up. This enables us to gain otherwise unaccessible direct information on physical processes in action. However, the extraction of candidate strongly lensed galaxies from Planck catalogues is hindered by the fact that they are generally detected with a poor signal-to-noise ratio, except for the few brightest galaxies. Their photometric properties are therefore strongly blurred, which makes them very difficult to single out. We have devised a method capable of increasing the number of identified Planck-detected strongly lensed galaxies by a factor of about three to four, although with an unavoidably limited efficiency. Our approach exploits the fact that the sub-millimetre colours of strongly lensed galaxies are definitely colder than those of nearby dusty galaxies, which constitute the overwhelming majority of extragalactic sources detected by Planck. The sub-millimetre colours of the 47 confirmed or very likely Planck-detected strongly lensed galaxies have been used to estimate the colour range spanned by objects of this type. Moreover, most nearby galaxies and radio sources can be confirmed by cross-matching with the IRAS and PCNT catalogues, respectively. We present samples of lensed candidates selected at 545, 857, and 353 GHz, comprising 177, 97, and 104 sources, respectively. The efficiency of our approach, tested by exploiting data from the SPT survey covering ≃2500 deg2, is estimated to be in the range 30%−40%. We also discuss stricter selection criteria to increase the estimated efficiency to ≃50%, at the cost of a somewhat lower completeness. Our analysis of SPT data has identified a dozen galaxies that can reliably be considered previously unrecognized Planck-detected strongly lensed galaxies. Extrapolating the number of Planck-detected confirmed or very likely strongly lensed galaxies found within the SPT and H-ATLAS survey areas, we expect ≃150 to ≃190 such sources over the full |b|> 20° sky.
Das Neugeborene als Organspender – ein ethischer
Diskurs
Authors: Singer Dominique
Published: August 2021

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

in dem vorliegenden Heft der Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie
(ZGN) startet eine neue, dreiteilige Serie über psychologische Diagnostik im
Peripartalzeitraum. Studien über die seelische Gesundheit in
Schwangerschaft, Wochenbett und Stillzeit haben in den letzten Jahren zunehmende
Bedeutung und Aktualität erlangt; doch kommen dabei oftmals psychologische
Messinstrumente zur Anwendung, die einem medizinischen Fachpublikum nicht ohne
weiteres geläufig sind. Die AutorInnen Tobias Weigl und Susan Garthus-Niegel
haben es sich daher zur Aufgabe gemacht, die relevanten, in deutscher Sprache
verfügbaren Fragebögen überblicksartig darzustellen. Im
Einzelnen geht es in Teil 1 um die Erfassung von Depression, Angst und Stress, in
Teil 2 um Geburtserwartungen und Geburtserleben und in Teil 3 um den Bindungsaufbau
in der Schwangerschaft und nach der Geburt. So soll der Leserschaft nicht nur das
Verständnis einschlägiger Publikationen, sondern auch die Auswahl
geeigneter Erhebungsinstrumente für eigene Studien erleichtert werden.
... denn wir dürfen sie nicht vergessen! Organspende
in der Neonatologie
Authors: Dame Christof , von der Hude Kerstin , Kliemann Markus , Rösner Bianka , Bührer Christoph , Garten Lars
Published: August 2021

Obwohl sich fast 40% aller Todesfälle im Kindes- und Jugendalter
während der Neugeborenenperiode ereignen, kommt es in der Neonatologie
nur selten zur Organspende. Wir berichten über ein Neugeborenes, bei dem
nach perinataler Asphyxie der endgültige, nicht behebbare Ausfall der
Gesamtfunktion des Großhirns, des Kleinhirns und des Hirnstamms
(„Hirntod“) gemäß Transplantationsgesetz
diagnostiziert wurde. Das Herz wurde nach der sogenannten zweiten
richtliniengemäßen „Hirntoddiagnostik“ zur
Organspende entnommen und erfolgreich transplantiert. Besondere juristische
Herausforderungen ergaben sich aus dem Umstand der anonymen Geburt, den
notwendigen Regelungen der Vormundschaft sowie der Zuordnung des
Totenfürsorgerechts. Medizinisch standen die speziellen Regelungen der
Diagnostik des irreversiblen Hirnfunktionsausfalls bei Neugeborenen und der
optimale Erhalt der Organfunktion vor Entnahme im Vordergrund. Für die
Pflegenden stellte sich der Ablauf grundlegend anders dar als bei einer
Therapiezieländerung mit anschließender palliativen Versorgung
in Anwesenheit der Eltern. Angesichts der großen emotionalen
Herausforderungen erwiesen sich die Einbindung aller Beteiligten in die
Entscheidungsabläufe und die Übernahme der besonderen
Verantwortung als hilfreich.
Bedeutung des Klinischen Ethikkomitees (KEKs) für Klinikmitarbeiter einer neurologischen Fachklinik
Authors: Wrede Sieke , Keilhaue Miriam , Schmidt Simone Bianca , Boltzmann Melanie , Rollnik Jens Dieter
Published: August 2021

Hintergrund Klinische Ethikkomitees (KEKs) werden seit den 90er Jahren in deutschen Kliniken implementiert. Dabei stehen den Problemen bei der Eingliederung des KEKs in den Klinikalltag, die daraus resultierenden Bereicherungen und Entlastungen der Mitarbeiter und Angehörigen gegenüber. Die Überprüfung der Bedeutung des KEKs für die Mitarbeiter einer neurologischen Fachklinik ist dahingehend wichtig, da nicht selten Therapiezieländerungen in Richtung einer palliativen Versorgung angefragt werden und das Behandlungsteam gelegentlich mit der Klärung des mutmaßlichen Patientenwillens konfrontiert ist. Die durchgeführte Studie soll dazu beitragen, die Studienlage bezüglich der Arbeit des KEKs und der Bedeutung für die Klinikmitarbeiter in neurologischen Fachkliniken zu erweitern.

Methode Im Rahmen einer monozentrischen, prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurden 161 Klinikmitarbeiter mit Patientenkontakt sowie 10 Mitglieder des KEKs bezüglich ihrer bisherigen Erfahrungen und Eindrücke mit und im KEK befragt. Zeitgleich wurden retrospektiv 31 Patienten identifiziert, bei denen im Jahr 2019 eine ethische Fallberatung durch das KEK durchgeführt wurde. Für die Protokolle der Fallberatungen des KEKs erfolgte eine qualitative Auswertung.

Ergebnisse 56% der befragten Mitarbeiter und 90% der KEK Mitglieder sahen das KEK als Bereicherung für die Klinik an. Obwohl über ein Drittel der Klinikmitarbeiter das KEK als Entlastung bei schwierigen ethischen Entscheidungen ansahen, wurde besonders der Bekanntheitsgrad des KEKs für Angehörige und Mitarbeiter als noch nicht ausreichend bezeichnet. Ein Hierarchieabbau durch das KEK wurde von den Mitgliedern des KEKs überwiegend bejaht (70%), wohingegen die Klinikmitarbeiter dies mehrheitlich verneinten (55%). Die Empfehlung des KEKs wurde in 94% der Fälle umgesetzt.

Schlussfolgerung Ein zentrales Problem der Arbeit mit und im KEK ist möglicherweise der geringe Bekanntheitsgrad und die unzureichende Information der Mitarbeiter. Aufgrund dieses Präsenzmangels ist das KEK im Klinikalltag nicht ausreichend sichtbar.
Privacy, Early Colostrum, and Gestational Age are Associated with
Exclusive Breastfeeding in Preterm and Sick Term Infants
Authors: Heine Eva , Mehler Katrin , Schöpping Michiko , Ganesh Lisa , Klein Ruth , Kribs Angela , Keller Titus
Published: August 2021

Our study was designed to assess the rates of exclusive breastfeeding (defined as
direct breastfeeding) and the use of mother’s own milk (MOM) in preterm
infants and sick term infants at discharge and to identify potential influencing
factors such as gestational age, early colostrum, and privacy. The study was
conducted at a German level III neonatal department. All preterm and sick term
infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, the pediatric intensive
care unit, the intermediate care unit, and the low care ward were included in
the study. Infants were recruited between March and October 2015 (phase 1) and
April to July 2016 (phase 2). Due to an emergency evacuation, privacy was
limited during the first phase. Breastfeeding and the use of MOM were assessed
daily using a self-designed score. In total, 482 infants of 452 mothers were
included. More than 90% initiated breastfeeding and one-third were
exclusively breastfed at discharge. Extremely immature infants and late preterm
infants were less likely to be exclusively breastfed at discharge. Privacy
(p<0.001) and early colostrum (p=0.002) significantly increased
exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion Extremely immature and late preterm infants
were least likely to be exclusively breastfed at discharge and need special
support. Interventions such as privacy and early colostrum should be promoted to
increase breastfeeding.
Clinical Utility of Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) in Fracture Risk
Assessment of Patients with Rheumatic Diseases Treated with
Glucocorticoids
Authors: Nowakowska-Płaza Anna , Wroński Jakub , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Głuszko Piotr
Published: August 2021

Chronic glucocorticoid therapy is associated with osteoporosis and can cause
fractures in up to 50% of patients. Increased risk of fractures in
patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis does not result only from the
decreased bone mineral density (BMD) but also bone microarchitecture
deterioration. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a method complementary to DXA,
providing additional information about trabecular bone structure. The aim of
this study was to assess the clinical utility of TBS in fracture risk assessment
of patients treated with glucocorticoids. Patients with rheumatic diseases
treated with glucocorticoids for at least 3 months were enrolled. All recruited
patients underwent DXA with additional TBS assessment. We analyzed the frequency
of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures and assessed factors that might be
associated with the risk of osteoporotic fractures. A total of 64 patients were
enrolled. TBS and TBS T-score values were significantly lower in patients with
osteoporosis compared to patients without osteoporosis. Low energy fractures
occurred in 19 patients. The disturbed bone microarchitecture was found in
30% of patients with fractures without osteoporosis diagnosis based on
BMD. In the multivariate analysis, only TBS and age were significantly
associated with the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. TBS reflects the
influence of glucocorticoid therapy on bone quality better than DXA measured BMD
and provides an added value to DXA in identifying the group of patients
particularly prone to fractures.
DHEAS and Differential Blood Counts as Indirect Signs of
Glucocorticoid Excess in Adrenal Non-Producing Adenomas
Authors: Winzinger Eliza P. , Jandikova Hana , Haase Matthias , Knauerhase Andreas , Winzinger Tudor , Schott Matthias , Willenberg Holger S.
Published: August 2021

The majority of incidentally discovered adrenal tumors are later characterized as
non-producing adrenocortical adenomas (NPA). We asked whether laboratory
abnormalities in parameters that reflect glucocorticoid action can be found in
patients with NPA despite their nature of being clinically unapparent. Since
glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressants we studied blood counts and
differential blood counts along with corticotropin and dehydroepiandrostenedione
sulfate (DHEAS) blood concentrations, as well as cortisol values before and
after an overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test. We compared the
results of normal individuals, of patients with adrenal adenomas and normal
hormone profiles and with subclinical autonomous glucocorticoid hypersecretion,
as well as overt cortisol excess. We found that almost all indices of the blood
counts were significantly different between the patients groups. In particular,
patients with adrenal non-producing adenomas already showed signs of
glucocorticoid excess, including relative lymphocytopenia, lowered DHEAS, and
ACTH concentrations than control individuals. We also found that the extent of
lymphocytopenia correlated with the concentrations of DHEAS and ACTH, and DHEAS
correlated well with ACTH. We conclude that the basal ACTH and DHEAS values
along with the differential blood counts give good information on the extent of
glucocorticoid excess and that silent adrenal adenomas seem to oversecrete
glucocorticoids at concentrations that already alter these parameters.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Overweight and Obesity: Turkish Nationwide Cohort Study (TurCObesity)
Authors: Sahin Ibrahim , Haymana Cem , Demir Tevfik , Demirci Ibrahim , Tasci Ilker , Atmaca Aysegul , Cakal Erman , Ata Naim , Emral Rifat , Unluturk Ugur , Ertugrul Derun , Salman Serpil , Sahin Mustafa , Dagdelen Selcuk , Celik Osman , Caglayan Murat , Satman Ilhan , Sonmez Alper
Published: August 2021

Purpose While obesity is related to more severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), factors leading to poor prognosis still remain unclear. The present study evaluated the outcomes of COVID-19 patients who were overweight or obese and variables associated with severe disease in a large group of consecutive cases.

Methods A nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed using the Turkish National Healthcare Database. Demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, comorbidities, and medications of patients registered between March 11 and May 30, 2020, were recorded.

Results A total of 14, 625 patients (median age:42, IQR:26 years; female 57.4%) with normal weight (34.7%), overweight (35.6%), and obesity (29.7%) were included. Hospitalization, ICU admission, intubation/mechanical ventilation, pulmonary involvement, and mortality were significantly higher in patients who were overweight or obese. In adjusted analyses, both overweight (OR, 95% CI: 1.82, 1.04–3.21; p=0.037) and obesity (OR, 95% CI: 2.69, 1.02–1.05; p<0.001) were associated with a higher intubation/mechanical ventilation rate but only obesity was associated with increased mortality (OR, 95% CI: 2.56, 1.40–4.67; p=0.002). Old age, male gender, chronic kidney disease, and high C reactive protein levels were independently associated with COVID-19 mortality in overweight or obese patients.

Conclusions COVID-19 patients who were overweight or obese were more likely to have adverse outcomes but only obesity was a predictor of mortality. Such patients should receive urgent medical attention and active management, especially the elderly, men, and people with chronic kidney disease.
Multi-Instance Learning Approach to Predictive Modeling of Catalysts Enantioselectivity
Authors: Varnek A. , Zankov D. , Polishchuk P. , Madzhidov T.
Published: August 2021

Here, we report an application of the multi-instance learning approach to predictive modeling of enantioselectivity of chiral catalysts. Catalysts were represented by ensembles of conformations encoded­ by the pmapper physicochemical descriptors capturing stereoconfiguration of the molecule. Each catalyzed chemical reaction was transformed to a condensed graph of reaction for which ISIDA fragment descriptors were generated. This approach does not require any conformations’ alignment and can potentially be used for a diverse set of catalysts bearing different scaffolds. Its efficiency has been demonstrated in predicting the selectivity of BINOL-derived phosphoric acid catalysts in asymmetric thiol addition to N-acylimines and benchmarked with previously reported models.
Current Status of Cardiovascular Imaging in Germany: Structured Data from the National Certification Program, ESCR Registry, and Survey among Radiologists
Authors: Sieren Malte Maria , Maintz David , Gutberlet Matthias , Krombach Gabriele Anja , Bamberg Fabian , Hunold Peter , Lehmkuhl Lukas , Fischbach Katharina , Reinartz Sebastian , Antoch Gerald , Barkhausen Jörg , Sandstede Jörn , Völker Martin , Naehle Claas
Published: August 2021

Purpose In the light of the increasing importance of cardiovascular cross-sectional imaging in current guidelines, the goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of cardiovascular imaging (CVI) offered by radiological institutions across Germany.

Materials and Methods Data were extracted from the national certification program database of the German Roentgen Society (DRG) from 2015–2021. A nationwide online survey among radiology institutes (university hospitals, non-university hospitals, and private practices) was conducted for 2019, and data was extracted from the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) registry. The data collection's key points included the number of centers and individuals certified for CVI, the number of cardiac CT and MRI examinations performed, the reporting habits, and the participation in the ESCR registry.

Results 71 centers and 1278 persons, both with a substantial increase since 2015, were registered and certified by the DRG to perform CVI. According to the survey, a total of 69,286 CT and 64,281 MRI examinations were performed annually. Data from the survey and the ESCR registry indicated that reporting was mostly done solely by radiologists or, to a lesser degree, in joint consensus meetings with non-radiologists. The overall participation rate in the ESCR registry was 48 % among the surveyʼs participants.

Conclusion This comprehensive analysis demonstrates that high-quality CVI by radiologists is available nationwide. The current challenges are to provide the best medical and technical quality of CVI by radiology for patient care and to ensure economic sustainability in the German health care system to accommodate the predicted substantial need for CVI in the future.

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Citation Format
Fluid Intake in the First Week of Life and the Duration of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Mirza Hussnain , Garcia Jorge , Bell Chelsea , Jones Kristen , Flynn Vicki , Pepe Julie , Oh William
Published: August 2021

Objective This study aimed to determine the association between daily fluid intake and the duration of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA).

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks) admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Advent Health for Children from January 2013 to March 2016, if hsPDA was diagnosed in first week of life and serial echocardiograms were available. Diagnosis of hsPDA was based on a scoring system and its duration was estimated from serial echocardiograms. Cohort was divided into two groups based on duration of hsPDA (<1week, group A and ≥1 week, group B). Daily fluid intake was categorized as prescribed and actual. Prescribed volume was ordered by clinicians based on birth weight, not including trophic feeds, intravenous (IV) boluses or transfusions, etc. Actual intake was calculated by the electronic medical records based on daily weights and included all enteral or parenteral fluids. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine an association between total daily fluid intake over the first week of life and the duration of hsPDA. Two groups were compared to observe the difference between prescribed and actual daily fluid intakes.

Results We enrolled 50 infants in group A and 76 in group B. Infants in group B were of significantly lower gestation and required prolonged ventilation and hospitalization. An association between higher fluid intake in the first 2 days of life and prolonged duration of hsPDA was confirmed by multivariate analysis. Actual fluid intake was significantly higher than prescribed total fluid intake in first 4 days of life for infants in both groups.

Conclusion In extremely preterm infants, higher fluid intake in first 2 days of life is associated with prolonged duration of hsPDA. Actual daily fluid intake can be significantly higher than prescribed daily fluids due to daily weight changes and additional fluid administration.

Key Points
(NH4)2S2O8-Promoted Direct C–C Coupling of Indoles with Quinones/Hydroquinones without Catalyst
Authors: Dong Yu , Ye Ji-Xian , Luo Qi-Qi , Mei Ting , Shen Ai , Huang Peng , Chen Jia , Zhang Xia , Xie Chun , Shi Zhi-Chuan
Published: August 2021

An atom-economical and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of 3-indolylquinones was achieved successfully via direct oxidative C–C coupling of quinones/hydroquinones with indoles using (NH4)2S2O8 in dichloroethane at 80 °C. The efficiency of this catalytic approach was established by a broad scope of substrates involving quinones and hydroquinones to give high yields (61–93%) of 3-indolylquinones. The present protocol is simple, practical, and show good functional group tolerance. In addition, the obtained 3-indolylnaphthoquinones were conducted to further transformation to synthesize 2-amino-3-indolylnaphthoquinone and polycyclic N-heterocycles, respectively.
Finite Element Analysis of Stress in Anterior Prosthetic Rehabilitation with Zirconia Implants with and without Cantilever
Authors: Tsumanuma Karina Tiemi Sanomya , Caldas Ricardo Armini , Silva Isaias Donizeti , Miranda Milton Edson , Brandt William Cunha , Vitti Rafael Pino
Published: August 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate using finite element analysis (FEA), the stress distribution in prostheses (lithium disilicate crowns) on monotype zirconia implants with and without cantilever in the anterior region of the maxilla.

Materials and Methods From a virtual reconstruction of bone model of the toothed maxilla from a computed tomography, three models (groups) were created: Zr (11–21)—implants placed in the area of 11 and 21 with cantilever; Zr (12–22)—implants placed in the area of 12 and 22 without cantilever; and Zr (11–22)—implants intercalated placed in the area of 11 and 22. In all models, monotype zirconia implant (4.1 × 12.0 mm) was used in single-body configuration. Lithium disilicate crowns were designed on the implants and pontics for all groups. A 150-N load was applied to the prostheses. The materials used were considered isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic. FEA was performed to evaluate the maximum (tensile) and minimum (compressive) principal stresses in the implant, crowns, and bone tissue. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results For all groups, the highest maximum principal stress occurred in the palatal cervical area of the implant, with the high values for the Zr (12–22) group and the low values for the Zr (11–21) group. The maximum principal stress was concentrated in the cervical palatal area of the crown, with the Zr (11–21) group presented the highest values and the Zr (12–22) group showed the lowest values. In the bone tissue all the groups presented similar values of maximum and minimal principal stress, with the palatal (maximum principal) and vestibular (minimum principal) close to the cervical of the implants the area with the highest concentration of stresses.

Conclusions The position of monotype zirconia implant did not interfere in the bone tissue stress, and the implants placed in the 11–21 present lower stress in implants and higher in the crown. The cantilever does not increase the stress in the implants, crown, and bone tissue.
A Rare Case of Contact Allergy towards Impression Compound Material
Authors: Wan Ali Wan Nor Syariza , Ahmad Tarmidzi Nor Azura
Published: August 2021

Impression compound has been introduced for more than 100 years. Since then, it has been widely used to obtain a preliminary impression of the edentulous arch. Although the use of impression compound has declined markedly over recent years as newer materials have become available, the cost-effectiveness and desirable physical and mechanical properties make this material indispensable in developing countries and teaching institutions. Its high viscosity characterizes impression compound as a mucocompressive impression material, which enables the full depth of the sulcus to be recorded for the retention of complete dentures. Literature reviews revealed that most contact allergies to impression materials are towards polyether, very few are towards alginate and polysulfide, and no reported cases have been found toward impression compound. This case report demonstrates a recent rare case of contact allergy towards impression compound during a routine impression taking for a fully edentulous arch in a 61-year-old woman. The patient developed symptoms of an allergic reaction, and the management of the condition was described.
Asymptotics for nonlinear integral equations with a generalized heat kernel using renormalization group technique II: Marginal perturbations and logarithmic corrections to the time decay of solutions
Authors: Braga Gastão A. , Moreira Jussara M. , Souza Camila F.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we proceed with the analysis started in the work of Braga et al. [J. Math. Phys. 60(1), 013507, 2019] by the same authors, and using the renormalization group method, we obtain logarithmic corrections to the decay of solutions for a class of nonlinear integral equations whenever the nonlinearities are classified as marginal in the renormalization group sense.
Parameter estimation for a damped real-valued sinusoid in noise
Authors: Xu Haitao , Zhou Shengxi , Yan Bo
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a three-point interpolation algorithm based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is presented for a damped real-valued sinusoid, and the algorithm considers comprehensively the contribution of negative frequency to the parameter estimation (including that of the frequency and the damping factor). The proposed algorithm uses the DFT spectral bin with the maximum amplitude and two other arbitrary ones within the main lobe of the spectrum of the rectangular window to remove the negative-frequency interference completely. First, the effect of changed length of samples on the performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated, and the influence of the zero-padding technique and the selection of two arbitrary spectral bins on the ratio of the mean-square error (MSE) to the Crámer–Rao lower bound are also analyzed by simulations. Second, the MSEs of the estimated parameters are calculated to evaluate the performances of the proposed algorithm and state-of-the-art DFT-based algorithms in the literature. Third, the computational complexities of the proposed and comparative algorithms are analyzed. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A mobile angular scattering microscope for organelle size estimation
Authors: Cannaday Ashley E. , Hanna Samuel , Hoelle James
Published: August 2021

Angular light scattering measurements have been used to determine the size parameters of spherical particles. By measuring the angular scattering from biological specimen, the average size of the cellular organelles can be estimated, which can be used to determine information about the health of the biological sample. An angular scattering microscope with the ability to be easily moved was constructed from common inexpensive components, which has potential applications for clinical and low-resource settings. The stability and accuracy of the system were investigated by measuring the scattering from polystyrene beads with mean sizes of 5 and 1.75 μm with narrow size distributions. Resulting size estimates obtained from the scattering patterns were consistent with the manufacturer-specified range of diameters for each sample. Initial studies were also conducted on individual fixed HeLa cells. The results presented indicate that the system is capable of obtaining precise and accurate size estimates of beads and single cells’ organelles.
Metal (Pt)/ferroelectric (SrBi2Ta2O9)/insulator (La2O3)/semiconductor (Si), MFIS structures for nonvolatile memory applications
Authors: Rathaur Shivendra K. , Khosla Robin , Sharma Satinder K.
Published: August 2021

Extended data retention is a cardinal impediment for ferroelectric memories and serves a pivotal role for nonvolatile memory applications. Here, nonvolatile Metal–Ferroelectric–Insulator–Semiconductor (MFIS) structures are fabricated by using thin films of Strontium Bismuth Tantalum Oxide (SrBi2Ta2O9) as ferroelectric and high-κ lanthanum oxide (La2O3) as a buffer insulator on p-Si substrates via RF magnetron sputtering. The grazing incidence x-ray diffraction analysis confirms the dominant (111) and (115) ferroelectric perovskite phases of SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films. Albeit, atomic force microscopy surface micrographs revealed highly smooth La2O3 and SBT (SrBi2Ta2O9) thin films with a surface roughness of ∼0.22 ± 0.04 nm and ∼1.05 ± 0.03 nm, respectively. Capacitance–voltage (C–V), capacitance–time (C–T), and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/La2O3/Si, MFIS structures, exhibited a high memory window of ∼1.1 V at ±5 V sweep voltage, data retention measured until ∼104 s even on the extrapolation up to 10 years, and a low leakage current density of ∼12.8 μA/cm2 at −1 V and 300 K. Far from it, the probed conduction mechanism is studied for Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/La2O3/Si MFIS device structures. The optimum nonvolatile memory characteristics are attributed to the high-quality SBT ferroelectric and the buffer layer La2O3/Si interface of the investigated MFIS structure and also assert from the control Pt/SBT/Pt and Pt/La2O3/Si results. Thus, the proposed Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/La2O3/Si structure is a potential candidate for a gate stack of one-transistor (1T) type Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors nonvolatile memory applications.