bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Precision Biocatalysis – Leveraging Inline NMR for Autonomous Experimentation in Flow Reactors
Authors: Ott Felix , Gygli Gudrun , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: November 2024

Reactor automation is a transformative force for chemical processes, but the potential of reaction monitoring for machine‐assisted autonomous biocatalytic reaction optimization is still largely unexplored. To address this gap, we report on automated reactor optimization for biocatalytic flow‐through microreactors. For this purpose, the inline NMR analysis of an enzymatically catalyzed stereoselective reduction of a prochiral diketone was combined with a self‐developed open‐source analysis and control software. The algorithm is continuously fed with spectra from a benchtop NMR instrument acquired from a reaction solution from a microreactor filled with biocatalytically active materials and adjusts the flow rate of the pumps to achieve predetermined target concentrations of the product. We show that through this automated coupling of data analysis and process parameterization, for example, maximum conversion efficiency can be achieved for a given bioreactor. This work illustrates the potential of inline NMR reaction monitoring for biocatalytic processes and provides a starting point for innovation to develop automated processes for precision biocatalysis through integrated data analysis.
Macrocyclic Chiral Two‐Dimensional Membranes for Enantiomers Separation
Authors: Feng Yuning , Zhang Haoling , Zhang Chengyu , Fan Yangyang , Yang Lei , Zhang Jian‐Xin , Sun Yue
Published: November 2024

Chiral enantiomers, while typically exhibiting similar physical and chemical properties, often have distinct therapeutic effects. The preparation of pure enantiomers is therefore of significant interest in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, making the separation of enantiomers highly sought after. Membrane separation technology has garnered widespread attention for its environmental friendliness and scalability. Recently, chiral two‐dimensional (2D) membranes have demonstrated superior separation performance due to their ultrathin nature and orderly transmission channels. Macrocyclic chiral 2D membranes, in particular, combine the inherent cavity structure of macrocyclic molecules with the host‐guest interaction capabilities that specifically recognize chiral molecules. Additionally, they benefit from the excellent chemical stability and adjustable interlayer spacing of 2D materials. This combination allows these membranes to achieve high enantioselectivity while improving flux. By optimizing the trade‐off between flux and enantioselectivity, this strategy offers a promising new approach for developing advanced chiral membranes.
Cation‐lone Pair Interaction in Alkali/Alkaline Earth Metal Ion‐Heavier Borazine Analogue Complexes
Authors: Saha Bapan
Published: November 2024

The present study is the first report on the formation of alkali/alkaline earth metal ion‐heavier borazine analogue complexes via cation‐lone pair interaction. Density functional calculations are performed in scrutinizing the complex formation between alkali (Li+, Na+, K+)/alkaline earth (Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+) metal ions and heavier borazine analogues (HBA) viz. B3P3H6, Al3N3H6, Al3P3H6, Al3As3H6, and Ga3P3H6. The complexes are found to be stable in gas phase with stabilization energies within the range 26.40–324.74 kcal mol−1. The stability can be attributed to the polarizing power of the involved metal ions. Presence of solvent phase exerted notable impact on the stability of the complexes; stability is reduced significantly with the increase in solvent polarity. The process of complexation is exothermic and spontaneous. QTAIM analysis indicated the presence of both ionic and covalent interaction between HBAs and metal ions. HOMO energy, Wiberg bond index, NCI‐isosurface and RDG plot analysis revealed the major role of cation‐lone pair interaction in the complexation process.
Enantioselective Complexation of Protonated Tyrosine by a Chiral Crown‐ether: The Nature of the Hydrogen Bonds Makes the Difference
Authors: Vo Kien X. , Hirata Keisuke , Martínez‐Haya Bruno , Oomens Jos , Ishiuchi Shun‐ichi , Fujii Masaaki , Zehnacker Anne
Published: November 2024

The complexes formed between (18‐crown‐6)‐tetracarboxylic acid, denoted as 18C6TA, and the two enantiomers of protonated tyrosine, L‐ and D‐Tyr, are studied in a cryogenic ion trap by combining mass spectrometry, laser spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Both UV and IR photodissociation spectra indicate the formation of multiple isomers for each complex, some of them interconverting upon IR irradiation. Conformer‐selective vibrational spectroscopy reveals that all structures involve an internally hydrogen‐bonded folded structure of the crown ether. The complexes formed with L‐Tyr involve two NH…O interactions with the ether oxygen atoms, accompanied by two hydrogen bonds to the crown ether carboxylic function, one from the NH group and the other from the COOH group of tyrosine. The complexes formed with D‐Tyr show more conformational mobility: two out of the three lowest energy conformers observed are tripodal, with three NH…O interactions between the amino acid ammonium and the crown ether oxygens. An additional conformer shows only one NH…O interaction, but has two interactions involving one of the cavity COOH moieties, one with the NH and one with the phenol OH. The increased calculated stability of the complex made from (−) 18C6TA and L‐Tyr parallels its higher abundance in the mass spectrum of an isotopically labelled racemic mixture.
Exposure–Response Analyses of Sacituzumab Govitecan Efficacy and Safety in Patients With Metastatic Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sathe Abhishek G. , Diderichsen Paul M. , Fauchet Floris , Phan See‐Chun , Girish Sandhya , Othman Ahmed A.
Published: November 2024

Sacituzumab govitecan (SG), a Trop‐2‐directed antibody‐drug conjugate, is approved for patients with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who received ≥2 prior systemic therapies (≥1 in metastatic setting). Exposure–response (E‐R) relationships between SG exposure and efficacy and safety outcomes were characterized in 277 patients with mTNBC using data from the phase I/II IMMU‐132‐01 and phase III ASCENT (IMMU‐132‐05) studies. Evaluated endpoints included complete response (CR), objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety endpoints (individual first worst grade of select adverse events (AEs)). E‐R analyses were also conducted for time to first dose reduction or delay. Patients received SG at 8 or 10 mg/kg intravenously on days 1 and 8 of a 21‐day cycle. Average SG‐related serum exposure over the treatment duration (until the event) was consistently the most significant exposure metric correlated with efficacy and safety endpoints. Higher average concentration over the treatment duration for SG (CAVGSG) was the best predictor of CR and ORR. The model‐predicted proportions of patients with CR and ORR at 10 mg/kg were 4.26% and 32.6%, respectively. Higher CAVG for total antibody was the best predictor of OS and PFS. The model‐predicted probability of OS at 12 months at median lactate dehydrogenase (227 IU/L) was 53%. The probability of grade ≥1 evaluated AEs and the risk of dose reductions and delays significantly increased with increasing CAVGSG. The model‐predicted proportions of patients with any‐grade AEs were 35.9%, 67.4%, 64.7%, and 67.1% for vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and neutropenia, respectively (10 mg/kg dose group). Neutropenia was the only evaluated AE for which CAVGSG was significantly associated with grade ≥3 events. The clinically meaningful efficacy and manageable safety achieved with SG 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 of every 21‐day cycle dosing regimen supports the appropriateness of this clinical dosage in patients with mTNBC.
Injection of Ortho‐Functionalized Tetrafluorinated Azobenzene‐Containing siRNAs into Japanese Medaka Embryos for Photocontrolled Gene Silencing
Authors: Mateus Makenzie , Hammill Matthew L. , Simmons Denina B. D. , Desaulniers Jean‐Paul
Published: November 2024

This article describes the detailed methodology of how to inject photoswitchable ortho‐functionalized tetrafluorinated short interfering RNAs (F‐siRNAs) into a single cell of stage‐two Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos and how to control gene silencing with different wavelengths of light. Many of the prior papers describing Japanese medaka embryo injections omit key information. As such, this article aims to give an in‐depth explanation as to how the NanoJect III microinjector can be used for this purpose. To obtain the embryos for microinjection, adult medaka are housed under a 14‐hr light, 10‐hr dark cycle to mimic their natural breeding period. This induces mating at approximately the same time each day, when the lights turn on, so recently fertilized eggs can be obtained. Synthetic F‐siRNAs are injected into transgenic stage‐two single‐cell Japanese medaka embryos expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Our data demonstrate that our F‐siRNAs can silence gene activity in Japanese medaka embryos expressing eGFP. Moreover, gene expression can be activated by exposing F‐siRNA‐injected embryos to blue light and deactivated a few days after exposure to green light. To the best of our knowledge, this marks the first reversible control of a gene‐silencing oligonucleotide within an in vivo system. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Medaka maintenance and embryo collection

Basic Protocol 2: Injection of stage‐two one‐cell medaka embryos

Basic Protocol 3: Evaluation of the F‐siRNA gene‐silencing ability through light activation and inactivation using blue and green light by measuring enhanced green fluorescent protein fluorescence
Steering Acid‐Base Site Distribution and Hydrophobicity of Bioresourced Bifunctional Hybrid Materials for Direct Synthesis of γ‐Valerolactone from Biomass‐Based Furfural
Authors: Wu Mei , Liu Wenping , Deng Fengjuan , Liu Shima , Song Ke , Zhou Xianwu , Guo Jie , He Jian , Li Hu
Published: November 2024

The direct production of value‐added chemicals from biomass via multiple conversion processes with a sole renewable solid catalyst is promising for carbon‐neutral development while challenging. Herein, a series of novel bioresourced organic‐inorganic hybrid materials were synthesized from bio‐based ascorbic acid (Vc), zirconium chloride (ZrCl4) and p‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA) through a facile solvothermal process. The as‐prepared Zr‐Vc‐3 catalyst with Vc, ZrCl4, and p‐TSA in the 1 : 1:0.5 molar ratio displayed outstanding performance in direct furfural‐to‐γ‐valerolactone (GVL) transformation, giving an ultrahigh GVL yield of 76.2 %, with an ideal activation energy (55.46 kJ mol−1), outperforming state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. The superior performance of Zr‐Vc‐3 could be ascribed to its good reusability, relatively large pore size, suitable amount of acid‐base sites, and good hydrophobicity. Mechanistic studies unveiled that Lewis acid‐base sites facilitate the conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol and isopropyl levulinate (IPL) to 4‐hydroxypentanoate via transfer hydrogenation process, while Brønsted acid sites are instrumental in the ring‐opening of furfuryl alcohol to IPL and the lactonization of 4‐hydroxypentanoate to GVL, overall contributing to the multi‐step conversion of furfural to GVL in a single pot. This work provides a valuable reference for precisely constructing bio‐based OIHMs with tailored functionalities for the one‐pot valorization of biomass feedstocks via tandem reactions.
A Deep Learning Model for Optimizing Downlink Parameters of Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Massive MIMO Networks
Authors: Elrashidy Mohamed , Masood Mudassir , Arshad Nasir Ali
Published: November 2024

Massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) technology with a base station (BS) equipped with a large number of transmit antennas is a promising application for wireless information and power transfer (WIPT) in energy‐constrained wireless networks. Recently, a transmit time switching (TS) protocol, where the information and energy are transferred over a different fractions of a time‐slot, has received much attention to enable WIPT. The optimal beamforming design and time‐fraction allocation for information and energy transfer are important to maximize the worst‐case throughput while fulfilling the energy harvesting requirement. However, the existing solution in literature is computationally demanding due to its dependence on off‐the‐shelf solvers such as CVX. In this work, a deep learning model is sought to predict the optimum resource allocation parameters in WIPT‐based massive MIMO systems. The model is composed of three fully connected networks, each of which is trained to predict certain optimization variables. The proposed network enables the system to quickly update the required optimization parameters as the network condition changes without revisiting the original optimization problem. Moreover, it is found that user distances are sufficient input features to train the networks, as training using channel state information (CSI) of the users renders the proposed solution time‐inefficient, as a channel estimation technique is required. It is also found that training using distances yields more accurate results than training using CSI, which suggests that the deep neural network (DNN) extracts higher quality features from spatial information than the features extracted given the corresponding CSI.
Stochastic Modeling of a Base Station in 5G Wireless Networks for Energy Efficiency
Authors: Aggarwal Anisha , Selvamuthu Dharmaraja , Gangey Manish , Mittal Saurabh , Mahajan Kushal
Published: November 2024

The potential benefits of 5G networks, such as faster data speeds and improved user experiences, come with a critical challenge—efficiently preserving energy in base stations (BSs). Addressing this challenge is crucial, necessitating a focus on maximizing the energy efficiency of these stations. BSs play a vital role in providing coverage and capacity by using different frequency bands adapting to diverse communication needs. The choice of a specific frequency band can impact network performance, data rates, coverage range, and signal propagation. This study emphasizes the crucial challenge of preserving energy in 5G BSs and underscores the significance of strategic frequency band selection for optimizing energy efficiency and network performance. For this, stochastic models are introduced for BSs, specifically the Markov and semi‐Markov models, which help choose frequency bands based on system traffic. Closed‐form solutions for steady‐state system size probabilities in these models are derived. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess power consumption in various scenarios. Furthermore, a comparison between analytical findings and simulation outcomes regarding power consumption is presented. The convergence of results in both methodologies emphasizes a significant level of agreement; that is, the introduced stochastic models provide insights and are validated by a close alignment between analytical and discrete‐event simulation outcomes. We have shown the behavior of power consumption with respect to three different distributions named deterministic, exponential, and hypo‐exponential. This research highlights the importance of strategic frequency band selection for 5G BSs to optimize energy efficiency and meet the demands of evolving communication networks.
Global and Regional Economic Burden of Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Critique of Methods
Authors: Ahmed Moin , Islam Md Deen , Aouad Phillip , Miskovic‐Wheatley Jane , Touyz Stephen , Maguire Sarah , Cunich Michelle
Published: November 2024

Objective

This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine up‐to‐date evidence on the economic burden of eating disorders (EDs), both globally and by region.

Methodology

A comprehensive search within five electronic databases, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EconLit, retrieved studies published from August 1, 2013, to June 30, 2024. Cost of illness (COI) studies, burden of disease, and other cost studies that reported costs in monetary values were included, and cost‐effectiveness analysis studies were excluded. The quality of COI studies was assessed using Schnitzler's checklist. All cost estimates were converted into 2024 USD purchasing power parity (PPP). The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42022358136.

Findings

Twenty‐six studies were identified for inclusion in this review, with 11 COI studies. The nationwide annual financial cost of EDs is estimated at PPP‐USD 70.5 billion. Indirect costs contributed 70%–93% of total financial costs in the reviewed studies. Intangible costs (burden of disease) were estimated to be PPP‐USD 355.6 billion. About half of the COI studies met 60% of the elements of Schnitzler's checklist, either completely or partly.

Discussion

The number of COI studies has more than doubled in the last 10 years. Findings can inform healthcare administrators/policymakers to understand the magnitude of this burden when setting healthcare priorities and allocating resources to maximize social welfare. However, there are variations in the methods (thus quality) and perspectives used to assess this economic burden. Findings suggest that there is potential for enhancing the methodological rigor of future research.
From Silos to Synergy: A Scoping Review of Team Approaches to Outpatient Eating Disorder Treatment
Authors: Bray Megan , Heruc Gabriella , Wright Olivia R. L.
Published: November 2024

Objective

This scoping review synthesizes the available evidence on team outpatient eating disorder treatment, focusing on team composition, reported health and service outcomes, and reported principles of Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (IPCP), a synergistic healthcare approach characterized by shared values and ethics, clear roles, communication, and teamwork.

Method

A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases, targeting studies published between January 2004 and August 2024 that discussed team–based outpatient eating disorder treatment. Peer‐reviewed and gray literature were included if they detailed team composition, characteristics, dynamics, experiences, processes, or outcomes.

Results

Forty‐five studies met the inclusion criteria; nearly half were case reports or lacked primary data. Treatment teams commonly comprised mental health professionals, dietitians, and medical practitioners. Clinical outcomes, such as body mass index and psychopathology, were the most frequently reported, while satisfaction and organizational outcomes were underrepresented. IPCP principles were inconsistently reported, with “Roles/Responsibilities” and “Communication” most frequently mentioned but often superficially addressed.

Discussion

The evidence base for team outpatient eating disorder treatment lacks rigor and depth. Future research should focus on refining the integration of roles across disciplines, developing comprehensive outcome measures for benchmarking, and applying IPCP principles more systematically.
Preparation of N‐Doped Graphene‐Coated CoxNiy Alloy by Laser Induced CoxNiy‐MOFs for Detection of Gallic Acid
Authors: Wang Haixu , Wu Xiaoyu , Lin Yuxin , Ren Qiyao , Peng Bo , Luo Weiwei , Diao Quanping , Ma Ruifeng , Sun Zhen , Qi Xiaonan
Published: November 2024

Thermal annealing needs protective gas environment, high pyrolysis temperature and long synthesis period. In this work, CoxNiy/PNG nanocomposites were prepared by laser induced CoxNiy‐MOFs at room temperature and in air environment for the first time. In contrast to Co/PNG and Ni/PNG, CoxNiy/PNG exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of gallic acid. The optimal sensor presents a broad linear range of 0.7–120 μM (R2=0.993, with a sensitivity of 0.031 μA/μM) and a low detection limit of 0.13 μM. Meanwhile, the detection results of gallic acid in actual samples by this sensor are satisfactory. This method is simple and feasible and can provide a new idea and method for the rapid preparation of novel nanocatalysts in room temperature and air.
Shake table testing of a seismic isolation system for lightweight structures
Authors: Restrepo Sebastian Lopez , Constantinou Michael C.
Published: November 2024

The implementation of seismic isolation in lightweight structures, such as houses, is limited, except for Japan, where nearly 5000 houses are seismically isolated with highly engineered systems. The use of such systems in countries of growing economies is prohibitive due to their cost, difficulties in locally fabricating components, and incompatibility with local construction practices. Previous studies on low‐cost isolation systems showed that isolation devices with rolling rather than sliding elements are more suitable for lightweight structures. A low‐cost isolation system based on a deformable rolling bearing developed at the University at Buffalo has simple components that can be easily manufactured, has a large displacement capacity, and features a fail‐safe mechanism. The bearing is composed of one flat and one concave concrete plate and a rubber rolling ball. This paper presents the results of shake table testing of half‐length scale versions of prototype houses and small bridges equipped with this deformable rolling isolation system in three‐directional seismic excitation. The results showed that deformable rolling bearings provide significant seismic protection of lightweight structures against strong ground motions, which in the testing reached a maximum peak ground velocity of 1.2 m/s in the test scale and a peak ground acceleration of 4 g in the horizontal direction and up to 1 g in the vertical direction. The isolation system was particularly effective in the horizontal direction, whereas it did not provide any vertical isolation. The tests included cases of extreme response, which included vertical impact within the bearing's components and uplift of the isolated structure.
Real‐time hybrid simulation for investigating the seismic response of a bridge isolated with lead rubber bearings
Authors: Park Jamin , Chae Yunbyeong , Chin Won Jong , Cho Chang Beck
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the seismic response of lead rubber bearings (LRBs) under constant and time‐varying axial forces using real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS). Although shake table testing can provide realistic seismic responses, it is often expensive and quite challenging for large‐scale structures. RTHS, however, offers a cost‐effective alternative by experimentally testing only the structural component of interest while analytically modeling the remaining structure. With the use of an advanced real‐time force control method, this study implemented RTHSs for a bridge isolated with two LRBs, where the LRBs are subjected to various constant axial forces due to self‐weight as well as time‐varying axial forces induced by vertical ground motions. The lateral response of LRBs was found to be significantly influenced by the magnitude of constant axial force, highlighting the importance of incorporating the effect of axial force due to self‐weight into numerical simulations. Additionally, it is crucial to satisfy the axial force boundary condition when conducting RTHS or cyclic loading tests to obtain more reliable test results. On the other hand, the time‐varying axial force generated by the vertical vibration of the bridge due to vertical ground motions has a limited impact on the lateral response of LRBs.
Neuropsychological profile in young girls at high risk of developing anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dahlin Karin , Järvholm Kajsa , Dobrescu Sandra Rydberg , Dahlgren Jovanna , Wentz Elisabet
Published: November 2024

Objective

Previous research has shown anorexia nervosa (AN) to be associated with a specific neuropsychological profile, including set‐shifting and central coherence deviances. A similar profile has been shown in adult unaffected relatives. The aim of this study was to examine whether poor set‐shifting and central coherence abilities could be detected in children at high risk of developing AN.

Method

Twenty‐eight biological healthy daughters of women with previous or current AN and 42 biological daughters of healthy women, all between six and 12 years of age, participated in the study. A neuropsychological test battery (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test and Rey Complex Figure Test) was used to assess set‐shifting and central coherence abilities.

Results

No differences in set‐shifting or central coherence performance were detected between the high‐risk group and the comparison group. Adjustments for age and intelligence quotient (IQ) did not affect the results.

Conclusions

Our results did not support the notion of preexisting neuropsychological deficits in AN‐related cognitive domains among high‐risk girls.
Experimental Investigation of the Yaw Misalignment Effect on the Power Performance and System Loading of a Flapping‐Foil Hydrokinetic Turbine
Authors: Kim Dong‐Geon , Kim Jihoon , Jung Sejin , Ko Jin Hwan
Published: November 2024

Hydrokinetic turbines (HTs) extract power by utilizing hydrodynamic forces from flow energy. The surplus load not used for power generation acts as a system load and must be considered when designing the turbine. Additionally, due to the variability of the flow direction during tidal power generation, the effect of the yaw misalignment angle on the power generation performance and system loading is an important design consideration. This study investigates the characteristics of an experimental model of an HT that uses two flapping foils, at different yaw misalignment angles through circulating water tunnel experiments. Experimental results show that with a yaw angle change of 10°, the power performance decreases by approximately 10% and the load increases by about 30% compared to an aligned configuration. Notably, the load in the flow‐perpendicular direction was significant, with periodic changes due to repetitive up‐and‐down motions. Consequently, the hydrodynamic force characteristics of the HT differ from those of conventional rotary turbines, necessitating the development of a design method that fits these characteristics for the actual installation of flapping‐foil HTs at tidal current power generation sites.
Fully Coupled, Higher‐Order, Block‐Structured Mesh Generation in Fluid–Structure Interaction
Authors: Schwentner Teresa , Fries Thomas‐Peter
Published: November 2024

In fluid–structure interaction (FSI), a fluid flow and a deforming solid are coupled along a time‐dependent and moving interface. The change in the fluid domain requires an update of the related mesh. Herein, we propose to use a higher‐order block‐structured mesh generation approach, where a new mesh is generated (rather than updated) in every time step, taking the deformed FSI‐interface into account. The mesh generation is based on a block‐structure, consisting of coarse, linear quads, and transfinite maps to generate sub‐meshes inside the block‐structure, of any desired number and order of elements. The approach presented herein enables high‐quality meshes throughout the simulation. The selection of the block‐structure is crucial and leads to a very robust method. The performance of the mesh generation approach is confirmed through numerical results.
Pediatric Mesenchymal Tumor With MN1::TAF3 Fusion
Authors: Sato Chikako , Sugiyama Masanaka , Mori Taisuke , Nishino Shogo , Tao Kayoko , Ogawa Chitose , Yoshida Akihiko
Published: November 2024

MN1 fusion is emerging as oncogenic in soft‐tissue tumors. Here, we provided detailed clinicopathological documentation of a tumor with MN1::TAF3 fusion. The tumor developed on the face of an 8‐year‐old boy and did not recur or metastasize for 5 years after surgery without adjuvant therapy. Histologically, the tumor predominantly comprised sheets and nests of atypical, mildly pleomorphic epithelioid cells. Mallory body‐like eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, small round cells, and fascicles of spindle cells were focally observed. Mitotic activity was high, and focal necrosis was present. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 in the epithelioid cell component but otherwise showed nonspecific phenotypes. Targeted RNA sequencing identified an in‐frame MN1 (exon 1)::TAF3 (exon 3) fusion transcript. We validated the transcript with reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and MN1 break‐apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. MN1::TAF3 was previously listed without details in a large‐scale sequencing study involving a pediatric round cell sarcoma in the orbit, raising the possibility that these tumors might form a coherent group.
Parameningeal Rhabdomyosarcoma: Results of the European Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group RMS 2005 Study
Authors: Schoot Reineke A. , Taselaar Pieter , Scarzello Giovanni , Kolb Frederic , Coppadoro Beatrice , Horst Simone ter , Mandeville Henry , Ferrari Andrea , Hladun Raquel , Helfre Sylvie , Ferman Sima , Kelsey Anna , Hol Marinka L. F. , Devalck Christine , Ben‐Arush Myriam , Orbach Daniel , Chisholm Julia , Jenney Meriel , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Bisogno Gianni , Merks Johannes H. M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Parameningeal (PM) site is an unfavorable characteristic in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). We described the treatment and outcome for patients with PM RMS and investigated the prognostic value of risk factors. We scored PM site by originating site and by highest risk extension.

Methods

Patients with PM RMS were treated within the European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) RMS 2005 study with risk‐adapted, multi‐modal treatment.

Results

Three‐hundred‐eighty‐one patients with PM RMS were included. Radiotherapy was administered in 359 patients (77 with surgery). After a median follow‐up of 75 months, 5‐year event‐free survival was 60% (95% confidence interval (CI) 55%–65%), 5‐year overall survival was 65% (95% CI 60%–70%).

Conclusions

The outcome for patients with PM RMS has not improved in comparison to previous historical studies, despite the more rigorous application of radiotherapy (94% of patients). Signs of meningeal involvement, PM site, and age at diagnosis remained prognostic risk factors.

Trial Registration

EudraCT number 2005‐000217‐35
Numerical Analysis of Micropolar Flow Along a Vertical Flat Plate in a Saturated Porous Medium Under Constant Heat Flux
Authors: Quran Omar , Maaitah Hussein , Elyyan Mutaz , Mustafa Mohamad Y. , Duwairi Hamzeh M.
Published: November 2024

The present study assesses the constant surface heat flux on a 2D steady convective flow of a micropolar fluid. The flow occurs along a vertical impermeable flat plate immersed in a fluid‐saturated porous medium. Numerical methods are used to convert the governing partial differential equations to gather the locally equivalent ordinary differential equations. Local similarity solutions also visually depict the velocity distribution and microrotation (ω) in the boundary layer. Furthermore, the influence of the physical variables on the flow field is investigated. The numerical results show that the effect of porosity (ε) on the velocity profile demonstrates a negative correlation between ε and velocity. The correlation between microrotation (ω) involving the ε influence also depends on the similarity parameter (η). Although microrotation (ω) increases with porosity (ε) in the region where the fluid is near the surface, this trend changes as the flow moves further away from the surface. The dimensionless microrotation (ω) value remains constant, while rotation is not observed for the similarity parameter (η) values exceeding 4.5. The value of microrotation (ω) value is small for the similarity parameter (η) values in the interval (0 < η < 1.4). Nonetheless, the microrotation (ω) value is high for the similarity parameter (η) values up to η = 4.5. Therefore, the point at η = 1.4 represents a crucial point in the present study. The results of the present study have been validated, and the comparison with related articles showed an excellent matching between results. Outcomes from the current study are very beneficial to enhance the performance of solar panels by improving the cooling of such panels.
Suppression of the Tissue Component With the Total Least‐Squares Algorithm to Improve Second Harmonic Imaging of Ultrasound Contrast Agents
Authors: Zhu Jingying , Zhang Yufeng , He Bingbing , Li Zhiyao , Xiong Li , Lang Xun
Published: November 2024

The second harmonic (SH) of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) is widely used in contrast‐enhanced ultrasound imaging; however, is affected by the nonlinearity of surrounding tissue. Suppression of the tissue component based on the total least‐squares (STLS) algorithm is proposed to enhance the SH imaging of UCAs. The image blocks of pulse‐inversion‐based SH images before and after UCA injections are set as the reference and input of the total least‐squares model, respectively. The optimal coefficients of the model are obtained by minimizing the Frobenius norm of perturbations in the input and output signals. After processing all image blocks, the complete SH image of UCAs is obtained by subtracting the optimal output of the model (i.e., the estimated tissue SH image) from the SH image after UCA injection. Simulation and in vivo experiments confirm that the STLS approach offers clearer capillaries. For in vivo experiments, the STLS‐based contrast‐to‐tissue ratios and contrasts increase by 26.90% and 56.27%, as well as 26.99% and 56.43%, respectively, compared with those based on bubble‐echo deconvolution and pulse inversion bubble‐wavelet imaging methods. The STLS approach enhances the SH imaging of UCAs by effectively suppressing more tissue SH components, having the potential to provide more accurate diagnostic information for clinical applications.
In situ formation of pseudohalide anions induced by humid air and light passivates formamidinium‐based halide perovskites
Authors: Ye Jiselle Y. , Kerner Ross A. , Jiang Qi , Yang Fengjiu , Yang Jonghee , Ahmadi Mahshid , Harvey Steven P. , Steirer Kenneth X. , Kuciauskas Darius , Berry Joseph J. , Zhu Kai
Published: November 2024

Metal halide perovskites based on formamidinium (FA), or FA‐rich compositions have shown great promise for high‐performance photovoltaics. A deeper understanding of the impact of ambient conditions (e.g., moisture, oxygen, and illumination) on the possible reactions of FA‐based perovskite films and their processing sensitivities has become critical for further advances toward commercialization. Herein, we investigate reactions that take place on the surface of the FA0.7Cs0.3, mixed Br/I wide bandgap perovskite thin films in the presence of humid air and ambient illumination. The treatment forms a surface layer containing O, OH, and N‐based anions. We propose the latter originates from formamidine trapped at the perovskite/oxide interface reacting further to cyanide and/or formamidinate—an understudied class of pseudohalides that bind to Pb. Optimized treatment conditions improve photoluminescence quantum yield owing to both reduced surface recombination velocity and increased bulk carrier lifetime. The corresponding perovskite solar cells also exhibit improved performance. Identifying these reactions opens possibilities for better utilizing cyanide and amidinate ligands, species that may be expected during vapor processing of FA‐based perovskites. Our work also provides new insights into the self‐healing or self‐passivating of MA‐free perovskite compositions where FA and iodide damage could be partially offset by advantageous reaction byproducts.

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AFM Nanoindentation of Stiff Inhomogeneous Layer on Polymeric Substrate
Authors: Morozov Ilya A. , Beliaev Anton Yu , Kamenetskikh Alexander S.
Published: November 2024

Analysis of indentation data of heterogeneous material, in particular, layer on an elastic substrate requires information about the contact area that is essential for calculating mechanical properties. The actual shape of the AFM‐tip is not described by simple body of revolution. In this work, the indentation of a stiff layer on a hyperelastic substrate by a truncated conical tip is studied using finite element methods. The size of the tip, elastic modulus, and thickness of the layer are varied. The obtained model dependences of loading and contact area versus the depth of indentation are used in analysis of the experimental data of AFM indentation of stiff inhomogeneous nanolayers of polyurethane surface. Thickness and elastic modulus of the layers, fracture properties of the surface are studied. The obtained results can find application in the study of mechanical properties and fracture toughness of thin flexible films on an elastic substrate.
Assessment of trochanteric vascularity using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in a cadaveric model
Authors: Klinger Craig E. , Altintas Burak , Barth Kathryn A. , Lin Kenneth M. , Dewar David C. , Lazaro Lionel E. , Dyke Jonathan P. , Wellman David S. , Helfet David L.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Few studies have assessed trochanteric vascularity despite its implications for bone healing and surgical approaches. This study aimed to assess the regional arterial contributions of the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) versus the lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) to trochanteric vascularity.

Methods

Ten adult human cadaveric pelvises to mid‐femur specimens were obtained. One hip was randomly assigned experimental (either MFCA or LFCA MRI‐contrast infusion) and contralateral as control (MFCA and LFCA magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]‐contrast infusion). Vascular dissection was performed for MFCA and LFCA cannulation. Pre‐ and post‐contrast 3T MRI was completed, and intra‐osseous contributions were quantified by region: greater trochanter (GT), intertrochanteric (IT), lesser trochanter (LT) and subtrochanteric (ST). A polyurethane compound mixed with barium sulfate was injected into the LFCA cannula, and into the MFCA cannula for the contralateral hip. Computed tomography (CT) imaging was completed to assess terminal branch locations.

Results

MFCA provided the majority of arterial contributions to the full trochanteric region (68.5% MFCA, 31.5% LFCA; standard deviation [SD]: 10.7%, p < 0.001). Over 70% of arterial contributions to ST, LT and IT regions are derived from MFCA. GT contributions were more balanced (52.5% MFCA, 47.5% LFCA; SD: 33.7%; p = 0.853). Significant differences were found between MFCA and LFCA contributions in all regions except for the GT. CT revealed multiple consistent MFCA and LFCA trochanteric terminal branches.

Conclusions

MFCA provided the dominant trochanteric arterial supply, which highlights MFCA's importance to overall hip vascularity. LFCA's trochanteric contribution was smaller but still provided trochanteric contributions, especially the GT region. Knowledge of trochanteric arterial contributions can be beneficial for optimizing surgical approaches and fixation to protect terminal branches during trochanteric fracture, nonunion treatment and trochanteric osteotomies.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Sand Mining, Non‐Farm Employment and a Local Labour Force in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Hatlebakk Magnus , Rahman Mohammad Atique , Suykens Bert
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the role of sand mining in rural livelihoods in Bangladesh, where the surge in sand extraction has raised environmental concerns. This study situates itself within the literature on Artisanal and Small‐Scale Mining (ASM), emphasizing the vital role of sand mining in diversifying rural economies. We found that a mixed‐methods approach, including a comprehensive livelihoods survey and qualitative fieldwork, was needed to uncover the importance of sand mining as a critical component of livelihood diversification. It serves as a stable income source, particularly for individuals with limited assets or education. The study highlights the predominantly local workforce in sand mining along Brahmaputra River near the city of Jamalpur, deviating from the typical mobile labour seen in ASM. Additionally, the study examines the potential effects of mechanization on sand labour, emphasizing the precarious nature of this livelihood.
One‐Step Leapfrog 3D Split‐Field FDTD Method for Periodic Structures at Oblique Incidence
Authors: Zhang Lingpu , Chen Juan , Mou Chunhui , Peng Ao
Published: November 2024

This article introduces a one‐step leapfrog three‐dimensional (3D) split‐field finite‐difference time‐domain (SF‐FDTD) method designed for analyzing periodic structures under oblique incidence, aiming to improve computational efficiency. Initially, it introduces new variables to substitute the field components postsplitting. After that, it applies time‐centered approximate difference method to precisely adjust the time step for each iteration. It eliminates the need for empirical coefficients when performing calculations with lossy materials. Finally, it derives the implementation of the convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) for the proposed method. The proposed method is both easier to implement and more resource‐efficient, significantly cutting down CPU usage and memory consumption. Numerical results confirm its improved efficiency.
Evidence for the oldest Middle Palaeolithic cave occupation in the Romanian Carpathians
Authors: Schmidt Christoph , Veres Daniel , Murătoreanu George , Cosac Marian , Niţă Loredana , Vasile Ştefan , Şerbănescu Gabriel Sebastian , Bartok Iuliana‐Elisabeta
Published: November 2024

The Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites in the Carpathians and Danube lowlands constitute key contexts for tracing the dispersal of Homo sapiens into central‐western Europe and the replacement of Homo neanderthalensis. Surprisingly, the Romanian archaeological inventory lacks transitional technologies and only a few sites have been systematically excavated and numerically dated, explaining the incomplete understanding of the Middle Palaeolithic and hence Neanderthal population dynamics. Here we present new age constraints for the Abri 122/1200 and Peștera Mare caves in the Romanian Carpathians, obtained by radiocarbon dating of charcoal and bone and by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of cave sediments. Methodological issues and the method's upper limit cause grossly underestimated radiocarbon ages for charcoal from Abri 122/1200 and provide only minimum ages (>41–60 14C ka 
bp) for bones from Peștera Mare cave. However, the OSL ages suggest Middle Palaeolithic cave occupation in the Carpathians since early Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 7 and lasting at least until MIS 5. These ages reinforce the vast potential of Carpathian cave sites in solidifying our understanding of Neanderthal dynamics in the region and their habitats. We discuss the reliability of this new chronology and the archaeological implications for the Middle Palaeolithic of neighbouring areas.
Quantitative trait locus mapping and OsFLOq12 identification for rice grain hardness: towards improved rice flour for wheat substitution
Authors: Kim Eun‐Gyeong , Park Jae‐Ryoung , Lee Seong‐Beom , Jang Yoon‐Hee , Jan Rahmatullah , Asif Saleem , Farooq Muhammad , Kim Kyung‐Min
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Recent shifts in consumer dietary preferences have led to a significant decline in rice consumption in Korea, resulting in surplus rice production. To address this issue, rice flour has been proposed as a substitute for wheat flour. However, the physical, chemical and structural differences between rice and wheat, particularly in grain hardness, pose challenges in using rice flour as an alternative. Understanding the genetic factors that influence rice grain hardness is crucial for improving the milling process and producing high‐quality rice flour suitable for wheat flour substitution.

RESULTS

In this study, various grain traits, including length, width, thickness, length‐to‐width ratio and hardness, were measured in a population of brown and milled rice. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed a significant association between grain hardness and thickness, with QTLs for grain hardness mapped on chromosomes 1 and 12 for brown and milled rice, respectively. A total of 20 candidate genes related to grain hardness were identified through QTL analysis. Among them, OsFLOq12 (LOC_Os12g43550) was identified as a key gene influencing grain hardness, which encodes a Ras small GTPase. Phenotypic analysis showed differences in endosperm appearance and particle size between lines with low and high grain hardness.

CONCLUSION

The genetic analysis of OsFLOq12 revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism associated with grain hardness. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic background of grain hardness, offering a foundation for breeding rice varieties optimized for flour production as a viable substitute for wheat flour. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Protective effects of Juglans regia oil on lead acetate‐induced reprotoxicity in rats: an antioxidant, histological and computational molecular study
Authors: Badraoui Riadh , Gargouri Manel , Brahmi Faten , Ben‐Nasr Hmed , Bahrini Insaf , Soussi Ahlem
Published: November 2024

Background

Lead (Pb) is a metal that affects many body systems, primarily the male reproductive system. This study aimed to examine the phytochemical profiling and beneficial effects of Juglans regia oil (JRO) in alleviating lead‐induced reprotoxicity‐associated oxidative injury in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control group received no treatment, Pb group was exposed to 0.344 g kg−1 bw of Pb acetate, Pb + JRO group was co‐treated with Pb plus walnut oil (0.9 g kg−1 bw) and JRO group received walnut oil only.

Results

Pb‐treated rats showed significantly decreased gonado‐somatic index, count and viability of sperm. Testosterone levels decreased in Pb‐treated animals. Besides, Pb disrupted the oxidative/antioxidative status, the plasmatic lipase activity and testicular Pb content. Furthermore, Pb produced testis histopathological features, especially cell degeneration, atrophy and tubular disarrangement. Co‐treatment with JRO was found to be effective for recovering the increased testicular oxidative damage‐associated histological features in the Pb group. This was supported by the in silico modeling results.

Conclusion

The in silico analyses revealed that JRO compounds bound androgen receptor and RAC‐alpha serine/threonine kinase with high affinities, which together with pharmacokinetic properties and molecular interactions satisfactorily support the beneficial in vivo findings in the Pb + JRO group of rats. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Addition of polyphenolic extracts of Myrtus communis and Arbutus unedo fruits to whey: valorization of a common dairy waste product as a functional food
Authors: Detti Cassandra , Nascimento Luana Beatriz Dos Santos , Gori Antonella , Vanti Giulia , Amato Giuseppe , Nazzaro Filomena , Ferrini Francesco , Centritto Mauro , Bilia Anna Rita , Brunetti Cecilia
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Whey, a nutrient‐rich byproduct of the dairy sector, possesses high potential for creating novel nutraceutical products. The present study investigates a potential new functional food by incorporating polyphenolic extracts from Myrtus communis and Arbutus unedo fruits into whey in both liquid (LA) and powder (PA) addition forms. Chemical, microbiological, physical stability and antioxidant activity were monitored for 60 days (from T0 to T60).

RESULTS

Both LA and PA of fruit extracts remained chemically stable for the whole period, except for A. unedo PA, which showed a decline in polyphenols after T45. Enriched whey samples showed higher antioxidant activity than pure whey. Microbiological analysis revealed the presence of lactic acid bacteria, indicating potential prebiotic effects. However, the high tannin concentration of A. unedo extracts partially modified the casein micelle structure.

CONCLUSION

Whey enriched with Mediterranean fruit extracts shows great potential as a functional food, combining the benefits of plant antioxidants, probiotic bacteria and good stability. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.