bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Larix kаempferi Carr. як перспективний деревний вид для плантаційного лісовирощування у лісостанах Західного Лісостепу України
Authors: Debryniuk Iurii
Published: August 2020

У Західному Лісостепу України Larix kaempferi відзначається дуже високими інтенсивністю росту (Id-Ie класи бонітету) та конкурентоздатністю в молодому віці, переважно витісняючи зі складу насаджень інші деревні види.

У чистих насадженнях L. kaempferi нагромаджує найвищі запаси стовбурової деревини, хоча її середні висота та діаметр тут помітно менші, ніж у мішаних деревостанах. Водночас, у разі встановлення в чистих культурах модрини густоти, близької до оптимальної, середні таксаційні показники хвойної породи наближаються до таких у мішаних насадженнях.

Збереженість модрини навіть і в початково чистих насадженнях характеризується високою варіабельністю, причиною чого є різні підходи до інтенсивності проведення рубок догляду. Відсутність конкретної програми вирощування модринових насаджень щодо встановлення близької до оптимальної густоти у різні вікові періоди є причиною неповного використання едафічного потенціалу типів лісорослинних умов, недоотримання значних обсягів деревини.

Доцільно на території лісового фонду Західного Лісостепу та прилеглих територій створювати чисті насадження  модрини Кемпфера з рівномірним розміщенням садивних місць та постійним підтримуванням високої зімкнутості деревостану. Створювати плантаційні насадження цього деревного виду доцільно в умовах дібров і судібров, бучин і субучин, яличин і суяличин.

Як об’єкт плантаційного лісовирощування, L. kaempferi задовольняє низку важливих вимог: інтенсивний ріст та швидке нагромадження стовбурової деревини; проста технологія вирощування; відносно широка екологічна амплітуда, можливість успішного культивування в чистих насадженнях, цінна деревина; стійкість проти шкідників і хвороб; широкий діапазон застосування деревини; можливість ведення інтенсивного проміжного користування.
Prediction of live formation water densities from petroleum reservoirs with pressure-dependent seawater density correlations
Authors: Sánchez Pérez Andrea Paola , Cañas-Marín Wilson Antonio
Published: August 2020

We studied two density correlations developed for seawater at high pressures as potential models to predict formation water densities from petroleum reservoirs as a function of salinity, pressure, gas content, and temperature. The correlations were tested against experimental densities measured at high pressures for live formation waters sampled under bottomhole conditions from five petroleum reservoirs. As a result, one of these seawater correlations was found to be particularly promising to predict formation water densities for these samples, even out of the pressure range originally reported for such a model.
Effect of modified greenhouse covers on the development of plants of lycopersicon esculentum mill
Authors: Delgado Arnoldo Emilio , Aperador Chaparro William , García Cáceres Rafael Guillermo
Published: August 2020

The influence of six greenhouse cover types on the development of the vegetative phase of cultivated tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was analyzed. The cover films were manufactured by extrusion – blow molding. Special emphasis was put on measuring root, stem and leaf length and dry matter content of the plants, the results of which were compared to those obtained from plants sown outdoors. As expected, the cultivated plants exhibited more vigorous growth when compared to that of the plants grown under free exposure. Films additivated with polymers allowing higher percentages of light transmission and haze determined higher greenhouse inner temperatures, which, in turn, promoted biomass production in the plantation. The presence of an infrared blocker in the plastic film formulations prevented the temperature inside the greenhouses from decreasing drastically below the outer temperature overnight. Additives such as the UV absorber SMARTLIGHT RL1000™ and the red pigment IRGALITE BASF® 2BP™, which increase the amount of red light received by the plants, thus modifying the R:RF ratio, were found to affect the morphology of the studied plants. Although the effect of photomorphogenesis is weak, a slight decrease in the length and area of the tomato leaves could be observed when the R:RF ratio was high.
Speaker verification system based on articulatory information from ultrasound recordings
Authors: Sepulveda Sepulveda Franklin Alexander , Porras-Plata Dagoberto , Sarria-Paja Milton
Published: August 2020

Current state-of-the-art speaker verification (SV) systems are known to be strongly affected by unexpected variability presented during testing, such as environmental noise or changes in vocal effort. In this work, we analyze and evaluate articulatory information of the tongue's movement as a means to improve the performance of speaker verification systems. We use a Spanish database, where besides the speech signals, we also include articulatory information that was acquired with an ultrasound system. Two groups of features are proposed to represent the articulatory information, and the obtained performance is compared to an SV system trained only with acoustic information. Our results show that the proposed features contain highly discriminative information, and they are related to speaker identity; furthermore, these features can be used to complement and improve existing systems by combining such information with cepstral coefficients at the feature level.
Short-term grazing and its impacts on soil and pasture degradation
Authors: Dias Batista Pedro Henrique , Pontes de Almeida Gledson Luiz , Bezerra da Silva Jhon Lennon , Pandorfi Héliton , Da Silva Marcos Vinícius , Batista da Silva Rodes Angelo , Neves de Melo Maria Vitória , Costa Lins Frederico Abraão , Cordeiro Junior José Jairo Florentino
Published: August 2020

The objective was to verify possible modifications of the soil structure and the pattern of the spectral response of pasture vegetation cover to animal trampling. The study was carried out on a farm in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil in an area with continuous grazing by heifers. Soil samples were collected at 36 regular points, before and after the grazing period, where the physical properties of the soil were determined at a 0.00—0.10 m depth. Before and after grazing, images of the Sentinel-2A satellite were also obtained to observe the pasture vegetation response pattern over time through Vegetation Indexes. The soil attribute data were submitted to multivariate factorial analysis. The vegetation index maps were evaluated for spatial variability. The results showed that after the grazing, there was a significant change in soil attributes and pasture, which can indicate possible degradation processes.
Mechanical characterization of the AISI 316L alloy exposed to boriding process
Authors: García-León Ricardo Andrés , Martinez-Trinidad Jose , Campos-Silva Ivan , Wong-Angel Wilbert
Published: August 2020

In this study, the powder-pack boriding process on low-carbon stainless steel was carried out at 1273 K for 4 h of exposure to obtain a layer around ~57 μm conformed by FeB, Fe2B, and others alloying elements. Firstly, the presence of iron borides formed on the surface of borided AISI 316L alloy was confirmed by optical microscopy combined with the X-ray diffraction analysis. After, the sensed Vickers indentation test was performed on the iron boride layer to estimate the behavior of hardness and Young’s modulus. Sliding wear tests on the borided AISI 316L alloy were performed according to the ASTM G133-05 standard procedure, with the following conditions: distances of 50 and 150 m, normal loads of 5 and 20 N, and a sliding speed of 30 mm/s. Finally, the results showed that the presence of FeB-Fe2B improves the resistance to wear around 41 times compared to the untreated material.
Evaluation of disergonomic risks in small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in Bogotá
Authors: Medina Emilsy Rosio
Published: August 2020

A descriptive, cross-sectional investigation is presented, whose purpose is the evaluation of disergonomic risks in small and mediumenterprises (SMEs) in Bogotá, assessing the risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries and their levels of harmfulness in three companies corresponding to the metalworking, plastic and timber sectors, evaluating 76 workers in 48 positions; Nordic Questionnaire, Laboratory of Economics and Sociology of Labor method (LEST) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment method (REBA) were applied. It was found that risk factors to common musculoskeletal injuries and with higher prevalence among the companies evaluated are: flexion and lateralizationof the neck and trunk, repetitive movements, flexion / extension of upper extremities and sudden changes in posture. A Pearson correlation study was conducted to verify the relationship between what was expressed by the 76 workers through the Nordic questionnaire and that obtained through the REBA method
Cement production with pozzolans from residual tropical soils formed from paragneiss with a high silicon oxide content
Authors: Vasquez Torres Oscar Oswaldo , Carmona-Saldarriaga Laura , Tobón Jorge I.
Published: August 2020

The manufacture of cement demands a lot of energy and gives off large amounts of CO2. Calcined clays need less energy and emit water instead of CO2, which has drawn attention to them, especially those rich in kaolinite. However, their use has been discouraged due to their location and high market price. Hence, the present study focuses on calcined clays with a low kaolinite content, specifically those derivedfrom paragneiss. In Colombia they are located in weathering horizons with depths of up to 40 meters. The results showed contents of 20%Al2O3, less than 14% Fe2O3, more than 60% SiO2, less than 40% kaolinite, 20% illite and more than 30% quartz. Calcined at 750 °C, they were used in mortars, obtaining SAI values of between 80 and 100% after 28 days, which, added to the results of Frattini tests, show that their use as a supplementary cementing material is feasible.
ISO 9001 Standard: exploratory analysis in the manufacturing sector in Mexico
Authors: Sanchez Lizarraga Marcos Alberto , Limon Romero Jorge , Tlapa Mendoza Diego , Baez Lopez Yolanda
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to provide a current situation of the ISO 9001 standard in the manufacturing sector in Mexico identifying its critical success factors, barriers and benefits of its implementation. A survey with 55 items in a five-point Likert scale was used mainly focused on quality managers and provided by e-mail and the social network LinkedIn obtaining 172 complete responses. The ISO 9001 standard is one of the initial strategies to manage quality, however, results exhibit some barriers hindering its implementation. According to the seven quality principles for the implementation of the standard established by the International Organization for Standardization, results exposed that the leadership and customer focus are the main factors considerated for a satisfactory adoption of the standard in the manufacturing sector in Mexico helping this industry to achieve some benefits.
Accounting for operational dilution by incorporating geological uncertainties in short-term mine planning
Authors: Camara Tais Renata , Scheffer Leal Ronald , De Lemos Peroni Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

Operational dilution in open-pit mining can influence short-term mine planning and affect the adherence between designed and executed plans, impacting the reconciliation results. This type of dilution may occur due to several reasons, such as erroneous assumptions regarding contacts, inefficient mining performance, and uncertainties associated with the planned grades. The use of uncertainties enables better predictability and achievement of planned targets. Using the mine planning polygons and grade models, a methodology is proposed to measure the dilution ranges in each region. The methodology considers the uncertainty associated with the ore grades to verify the probability of occurrence of dilution in the short-term mine plan. The results demonstrated that the use of uncertainties enabled identification of the areas with a higher potential of incurring operational dilution. Using this information, the plans can be adjusted to minimize dilution, or the result can be used as a factor to correct the planned data.
Disaggregation and discretization methods for formation damage estimation in oil and gas fields: an overview
Authors: Medina Oscar E , Castaño-Correa Juan P , Caro-Vélez Cristina , Zabala Richard D , Bahamón Jorge I , Cortés Farid B , Franco Camilo A.
Published: August 2020

Formation damage could potentially impede production and injection operations. Hence, characterization and discretization processes of formation damage should be connected to quantification and disaggregation techniques, relying on characterization fundamentals that consider chemical and physical changes in the fluid and rock system through the field productive life. This document presents a review of different disaggregation, quantification and discretization methods for the formation damage estimation in oil and gas fields. This review is mainly divided into three main sections, namely: i) Formation damage diagnosis, ii) Formation damage quantification, and iii) Formationdamage disaggregation. This document will aid in the alignment of the academic and industrial sectors to incentivize the prevention and inhibition of formation damage, as well as the optimal design of remediation mechanisms.
Morphological and nutritional evaluation of ‘caraíba’ seedlings in different substrates using domestic sewage effluent for fertirrigation
Authors: Fernandes de Brito Raimundo , Ferreira Neto Miguel , Da Silva Gomes Jonath Werissimo , Lima Ferreira Ana Luíza , Da Silva Dias Nildo , Barbosa de Lira Raniere , Bezerra de Lima Yuri , Nunes da Costa João Paulo , Dos Santos Fernandes Cleyton
Published: August 2020

In this study, we evaluated the effects of fertigation with domestic sewage effluent and different substrates on the growth of Caraíba seedlings (Tabebuia aurea Benth). The experiment was accomplished in a greenhouse in Mossoró, RN. Five irrigation solutions (100% of water supply - WS, 100% of domestic sewage effluent – DS and dilutions of 75% DS + 25% WS, 50% DS + 50% WS e 25% DS + 75% WS) were tested and two substrates (75% soil + 25% bovine manure and 75% soil + 25% coconut fiber) using completely randomized design in subdivided plots with three replicates per treatment. Growth and development parameters were measured at 30, 60, 90, and 150 days after cultivation. The variables shoot height, collar diameter, height/diameter ratio, dry matter of root, shoot and total (root and shoot), shoot/root ratio, Dickson quality index, and nutritional evaluation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium were determinate. We verified that the use of domestic sewage increased growth and quality of caraíba seedlings, besides promoting nutrient accumulation in the plants grown in substrate of bovine manure plus soil with 100% application of domestic sewage in the fertigation.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat starch for glucose syrup production
Authors: Acosta Pavas Juan Camilo , Alzate Blandón Laura , Ruiz Colorado Ángela Adriana
Published: August 2020

An analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat starch was performed. The gelatinization stage was carried out between 90-95°C for 15min. In the liquefaction stage, a commercial α-amylase was used with an enzyme-substrate ratio (E/S ratio) 0.036%w/w at 60°C and pH 5.8 for 4h. In the saccharification stage, a commercial amyloglucosidase was used with an E/S ratio of 0.11% w/w at 60°C and pH 4.3 for 6h. A second hydrolysis was evaluated using a E/S ratio of  0.18%w/w in the saccharification stage. Two methods of enzymatic deactivation, boiling temperatures and pH were evaluated. Inhibitory effects were studied by adding 180g/L of glucose to the process. It is concluded that increases in the E/S ratio decrease reaction times but reaches similar concentrations than lower ratios, the most efficient enzymatic deactivation method is pH. In the inhibition tests, it was determined that there are no glucose inhibitory effects.
Assessment of a container terminal expansion using simulation
Authors: López-González Aurelio , Medina-León Silvia , Gonzalez-Angeles Alvaro , Mendoza-Muñoz Ismael , Gil-Samaniego-Ramosa Margarita
Published: August 2020

The paper presents a methodology to construct a Discrete Event Simulation model to assess the expansion of a container terminal. The methodology was applied to the Ensenada International Terminal located in Mexico. The simulation integrates all the operations of the container terminal including the arrival of vessels, trucks, and storage of containers. The expansion plan included the addition of anew berth, and additional storage yard space. The expansion model was evaluated under different demand increments. Recommendations were provided on the level of demand that the expansion may be able to serve. As a result, the additional berth will increase the capacity, but the projected storage space will support up to a 140% increase in demand with a 20% in reserve. The terminal must consider additional storage space either in the terminal or at an external facility for additional demand greater than 140%, or for having a larger storage reserve.
Influence of different types of baking powder on quality properties of muffins
Authors: Rodriguez Sandoval Eduardo , Otero-Guzmán Niza Cristina , Tabares-Londoño Jorge Alexander
Published: August 2020

The leavening process of baked goods is essential to develop their quality properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of baking powder on quality properties of muffins. The physicochemical properties of both the batter and the final product were evaluated, in addition to its influence on the farinological properties of flour and the textural and sensory properties of the product in storage. The PH16 formulation was found to be the most suitable; being the highest (47.66 ± 0.35 mm), with lower moisture content (24.31 ± 0.18%), lower hardness (12.34 ± 0.34 N), and lower crumb firmness (1.84 ± 0.01). The behavior of the PH16 sample in storage and at sensory level showed no significant differences with the chosen control sample.
Cutinases obtained from filamentous fungi: comparison of screening methods
Authors: Rueda Rueda Hugo Alfonso , Jimenez-junca Carlos Alberto , Prieto Correa Rosa Erlide
Published: August 2020

Cutinases are secreted by filamentous fungi that and hydrolyze polymers. However, few selection methods for cutinases are available. Here, we studied three screening methods using 33 strains of filamentous fungi isolated from banana rachis with high potential to produce cutinases. In the first method, strains were grown in Czapec-Dox mineral medium containing flaxseed oil. We note that six strains of the genera Fusarium, Penicillium, and Mucor had cutinase activity. The second method evaluated strains with triacetin in rhodamine B, which indicated what strains had esterase property. Finally, strains were subjected to fermentation with flaxseed oil; lipolytic and cutinolytic activity were determined. The species identified as the best producers of cutinases were Fusarium fujikuroi and Penicillium chrysogenum, and we obtained two extracellular cutinases with activities of 33.5 U/mL and 39.4 U/mL respectively. Cutinase was confirmed via degradation of tomato cutin through FTIR.
Distribution of profiles and macroparticles in coatings obtained by continuous cathodic arc using a straight magnetic concentrator
Authors: Bermeo Acosta Armando , Castro Narvaez Sandra Patricia
Published: August 2020

Thin films of Ti and Cu were deposited on 316 stainless steel substrates by the continuous cathodic arc technique with magnetic concentrator in a straight duct. Samples obtained at different cathode-substrate distances, for positions within the magnetic concentrator. The morphology of the surface was determined by electron scanning microscopy (SEM). The average thickness of the films was measured from the deposited mass; the profiles of the films were also studied from measurements with a Calotest in different points of the samples and with a profilometer, the coefficient of friction and wear were characterized with a tribometer; the hardness with a nanoindenter. The results showed that the average thickness increased by the action of the magnetic concentrator, although this causes the samples to have a central region of maximum thickness and that the thickness decreased up to 50% in a radius of about 1 cm. The films were rough with presence of macroparticles. The number of macroparticles, the film roughness and the deposition rate were also analyzed; the deposition rate depended on the axial position inside the duct.  The number of macroparticles diminished with increasing axial position, the friction coefficient and wear rate diminished when the substrate was placed farther from the cathode, inside the magnetic duct. The hardness value measured with a nanoindenter is about the order as the reported in the literature; the lowest coefficients of friction, the least wear and the highest values of hardness were obtained in the region where the magnetic field is highest.
Una mirada a las áreas protegidas del Urabá-Darién: esquina de tesoros naturales de Colombia
Authors: Sandoval Alejandro
Published: August 2020

El Urabá-Darién por su ubicación y características geográficas ofrece un mosaico de ecosistemas tropicales, los cuales han sido incorporados al Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas. En este documento, mediante una revisión de información, se reseñan las áreas protegidas de la región. Las cuales aportan aproximadamente 24.330 hectáreas al sistema; siendo cerca del 1% del territorio nacional y el 4,5% de sus áreas protegidas. En total doce (12) áreas se encuentran registradas; siete de carácter netamente terrestres, tres terrestres-costeras, una terrestre-costera y marina, y una marino-costera. Se describen aspectos fundamentales de cada una de ellas, como el proceso de declaratoria, ecosistemas protegidos, servicios ecosistémicos y amenazas en su interior. En la sección final, se presentan otras estrategias de conservación presentes en la región, y se plasman algunas reflexiones relacionadas con el contexto social y político, la representatividad de ecosistemas y las oportunidades y desafíos entorno a su conservación. Además, Información y puntos de vista que pueden ser de utilidad para autoridades de conservación y planeación.
Vivir sin agua: Ciudad del Cabo, un análisis desde la interdependencia compleja
Authors: Rojas-Quesada Karol , Valenciano-Hernández María Stephanie
Published: August 2020

Desde el 2018 la capital de Sudáfrica, Ciudad del Cabo, enfrenta una crisis por desabastecimiento de agua potable, que ha llevado a un racionamiento del recurso y a la búsqueda de alternativas para enfrentar la problemática. Ante este escenario, este artículo analiza desde una perspectiva exploratoria el caso a partir de la teoría de la interdependencia compleja e identifica que, si bien existen instrumentos del Derecho Internacional producto de los múltiples contactos entre sociedades, estos no han logrado reducir la vulnerabilidad y la sensibilidad de los territorios a este tipo de situaciones. Se concluye que con el caso de Ciudad del Cabo se pone en tela de juicio la efectividad del Derecho Internacional para evitar emergencias climáticas de gran escala y, sin duda, demuestra que la vinculatoriedad de los instrumentos internacionales debe discutirse frente a Estados que lejos de ser incapaces, son renuentes a cumplir con sus obligaciones adquiridas.
Historical Analysis of EPI in Colombia (2006-2014): Challenges on Environmental Information
Authors: González Ana María , Echeverry-Galvis María Ángela
Published: August 2020

The use of environmental indicators has been established as a way of addressing different variables and objects of analysis, including the complexity of biodiversity and ecosystems along with human wellbeing. Since 2006, the Environmental Performance Index has been used, ranking countries according to status of various indicators. Colombia has been included in all evaluations with variable results in its ranking. We examine some aspects that vary through the years in terms of the index and the performance of Colombia in evaluations from 2006 to 2014, mostly because Colombia had excellent scores at the beginning of the index measure, but decrease notoriously in the last ones that have made. We found that the historical evaluation of the EPI had differences in its structure, with a greater reliability on international databases rather than national information, as well as a continuum change of the types of variables used for the indicators. On an international context, Colombia’s ranking variation reflects the differences in sources and accessibility of data. As useful as indexes might be to monitor and manage of resources, it is important to analyse each evaluation as much more than just the best and worst indicators, but rather to look at the sources, types of variables, ad context of each evaluation.
Plan de Acción en Biodiversidad de la PNGIBSE, Metas Aichi y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en Colombia: análisis y concordancia en el discurso entre metas propuestas para 2020
Authors: Echeverry-Galvis María Ángela , Unda Mariana , Bravo Marcela Patricia , García Nataly , Rubiano-Pinzón Gabrielle A. , Palomino Judy Vanessa
Published: August 2020

Ante las alarmas mundiales por pérdida de biodiversidad, Colombia lanzó la Política Nacional para la Gestión Integral de la biodiversidad y los Servicios Ecosistémicos (PNGIBSE) para atender las causas y motores de pérdida y transformación de biodiversidad y sus servicios ecosistémicos. A partir de ésta se formula el Plan de Acción en Biodiversidad (PAB) como instrumento de gestión. A través de la recopilación de información nacional entre 1990 y 2018, y según los seis ejes del PAB, el presente trabajo evalúa la concordancia de sus metas a 2020, con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y las Metas Aichi sin contemplar avances a la fecha. Se identificaron correspondencias directas y evidentes, indagando sobre procesos y acciones en el marco de las metas relacionadas con la conservación y gestión participativa. Por ejemplo, las Metas Aichi 1, 2 y 4, relacionadas con causas de la pérdida de biodiversidad, están alineadas con más de cuatro metas del PAB; y para el ODS 5 se halló baja asociación con las metas, entre otros ODS. Se presenta una reflexión sobre la concordancia de metas específicas y una discusión sobre el aporte de éstas al cumplimiento de las obligaciones internacionales, donde aún con las diferentes temporalidades de los instrumentos aquí integrados, se detecta concordancia, así como puntos de integración en 104 oportunidades con las Metas Aichi y 129 con los ODS. Este trabajo presenta una visión de coherencia entre metas planteadas a nivel nacional, mostrando la necesidad de crear mecanismo de seguimiento y alerta temprana a través de procesos discursivos, académicos y jurídicos, buscando establecer aquellas metas que no fueron alcanzadas bajo las dinámicas de transformación del país.
Profile of the Use of Microorganisms within Environmental Management: Systematic Review 2012-2017
Authors: Zuluaga-Mazo Carolina , Arango-Bermudez David , Salas-Zapata Walter Alfredo
Published: August 2020

The use of microorganisms as part of environmental management action, aimed at dealing with environmental issues, results in an interesting and more environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional physicochemical decontamination methods. In this sense, a profile of the use of microorganisms in environmental management would prove helpful for people and organizations to make their processes more sustainable. However, the publications that describe the use of microorganisms within environmental management tend to show their author’s point of view, rather than the results of a systematic study in this field of knowledge. Consequently, descriptions of microorganisms, environmental issues and economic sectors involved do not necessarily reflect how developed research in microbiology and environmental management is. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the use given to microorganisms within environmental management, providing a profile related to the environmental issues tackled, natural resources affected, and economic sectors involved. A systematic review of scientific literature published between 2012 and 2017 led us to the description of three types of use given to microorganisms, six types of natural resources protected through such uses, ten types of environmental issues, and eight economic sectors in which the uses mentioned are applicable.
Analysis of Strategic Interactions in the Armenia-Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Through the Prism of the Game Theory
Authors: Medzhidov Jel’shan
Published: August 2020

Introduction. The paper attempts to analyze possible and probable strategic moves of the primary and secondary actors in the Armenia-Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Methods. To analyze this conflict the author uses the mathematical theory of games and some mathematical models and methods. The main methods and models include the following: Nash equilibrium, sequential game, Zermelos theorem, Zermelo-Kuno algorithm, and games with commitments. As the publication is an analytical and computational work, it mainly includes literature related to methodology and theory.

Analysis. The publication not only contains the analysis of the strategic interactions between Armenia and Azerbaijan as primary actors, but also includes Russia as a secondary participant.

Results. As a result, the author has drawn several conclusions. Firstly, the strategic interactions between two actors differ from strategic interactions among three actors in terms of possible payments and preferences. Secondly, in the strategic interactions between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the most likely interaction profile will be “A2 , B1 -C2 ” (not recognizing the independence of Nagorno Karabakh and not declaring war on Armenia) with a payment of “0:0”. The third conclusion is on the qualitative difference between the sequential game and the game with commitments among Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia. In the second case, the Nash equilibrium consists of not recognizing the separatist regime by Armenia, not supporting Russia’s desire for Armenia to recognize and not declaring war on Armenia: SPNE = {E2, R4, A8}. However, unlike the first option, the equilibrium obtained in the game with commitments takes on a more stable structure in relation to different political processes.
Pygmalion and the Owl of Minerva: The Philosophy of Revolution by N.V. Ustryalov
Authors: Voytenko Anton
Published: August 2020

Introduction. The article examines the theoretical views on revolution as a socio-political phenomenon advanced by N.V. Ustryalov (1890–1937), main ideologist of National Bolshevism.

Methods and materials. The article focuses mainly on the publicistic works by N.V. Ustryalov. The task of identifying general theoretical constructs dissolved in the general journalistic discourse or veiled for tactical reasons requires the correct interpretation of images and symbols, careful analysis of all the content, as well as the “reverse” formatting of it in a consistent concept.

Analysis. Ustryalov differentiated revolution from other similar social phenomena (coup detat, riot, rebellion, etc.). In his point of view, revolution has several unique features: it follows sine and passes its peak in the middle, it “deepens” at its peak to a “clear idea”, which is not implemented, and it is characterized by “heterogeneous goals”. There is a good reason to assume that Ustryalov considered the stages of the French Revolution as an invariant for a revolution as such. In the article, the stages of the Russian Revolution in Ustryalovs assessing are analyzed: its general coincidences with the French revolution, the difference in their secondary factors and scenarios.

Results. The author suggests that Ustryalov based on his analysis of the Russian Revolution and the general development of Russia in the 1900s–1920s of the 20th c. was able to formulate a version of Russian history of modern times that is relevant and actual at the moment, because it explains consistent dialectical continuity from the Russian Empire to the USSR, and is the least traumatic for the historical memory of the majority of the population of Russia at the present stage.
Lubricin Structural and Functional Characteristics, Its Participation in Maintaining Articular Cartilage Tribological Parameters
Authors: Lyzo Tatyana , Krylov Pavel
Published: August 2020

Articular cartilage is constantly exposed to high loads. Wearing out of joints due to aging, as well as their poor functioning, is a common problem leading to a significant decline in the quality of human life. Lubricin is one of the main components of the biological lubrication system, it is a surface-active mucinous glycoprotein, which plays an important role in cartilage integrity. Its main function is to protect the cartilage surfaces from excessive friction – a necessary condition for maintaining the health of mammal joints. Moreover, lubricin has growth-regulating properties, it participates in the maturation of the subchondral bone and prevents cell adhesion. Although the molecule of lubricin was discovered almost half a century ago, there is still not much data available. The molecule has a great potential in medical applications. Studying lubricin can help solve problems caused by joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis. This review presents up-to-date information about structural and functional features of lubricin, its role in maintaining the integrity of articular cartilage, which can serve as a basis for the development of chondroprotectors or as a material to improve existing joint prostheses.
FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA CAPACIDAD DE RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS A TRAVÉS DEL DESARROLLO DE HABILIDADES MOTRICES EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DEL GRADO QUINTO DE BÁSICA PRIMARIA - Strengthening problem-solving skills through the development of motor skills in students
Authors: Hernández Medrano Tobinson
Published: August 2020

El derecho a la educación solo es posible si la institución escolar cumple con el encargo social de impartir conocimientos que evidencien la aplicación de criterios, metodologías y estrategias didácticas requeridas para la formación integral de los estudiantes. El fortalecimiento de la capacidad de resolución de problemas por medio del desarrollo de habilidades motrices es un proceso que se fundamenta en el rescate de la Educación física de esa injusta mirada de subvaloración del área, impidiendo que desde la ejecución de su plan de estudios por parte de los docentes se puedan hacer aportes significativos para el mejoramiento de la pedagogía y la calidad educativa. Esta es la premisa que orientó la presente investigación, que con un diseño cualitativo descriptivo en su metodología y después de aplicar una unidad didáctica, concluye que existe una íntima relación entre el desarrollo motor y el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas, fortaleciendo en gran medida la capacidad de resolución de problemas y el afianzamiento de un pensamiento crítico en los educandos.
ECOSISTEMA DE INNOVACIÓN EDUCATIVA, ECOLAB. LABORATORIO Y PROCESOS DE FORMACIÓN DIFERENCIAL - Ecosystem of innovation education, ECOLAB. Laboratory and differential training processes
Authors: Mora-Ramírez Ángela Julieta , Chacón Sebastián
Published: August 2020

Este artículo de reflexión analiza la experiencia de formación mediada por nuevas metodologías didácticas, en el programa de Negocios internacionales del Politécnico Grancolombiano, incluyendo una descripción de los conceptos más contemporáneos sobre innovación educativa y uso de nuevas metodologías educativas, estructurado bajo el principio de educación de calidad de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible y la inclusión de nuevas metodologías en el aula virtual.
INNOVACIONES EDUCATIVAS: PERSPECTIVAS DE DOCENTES Y ESTUDIANTES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE RÍO CUARTO (ARGENTINA) Y LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ATLÁNTICO (COLOMBIA)
Authors: Moreira Clarisa , Abuzaid Jael Naim , Elisondo Romina Cecilia , Melgar María Fernanda
Published: August 2020

Innovar en las universidades es indispensable, considerando los constantes cambios y la complejidad de las problemáticas sociales actuales. Compete al presente estudio analizar, desde la perspectiva de docentes y estudiantes, condiciones que potencian y obstaculizan las innovaciones educativas en la universidad. En el marco de estas condiciones, se indaga respecto del papel de las tecnológicas como herramientas para la innovación. Se desarrolla un estudio cualitativo donde se recuperan los significados construidos por docentes y estudiantes de dos universidades latinoamericanas: la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), de Argentina, y la Universidad del Atlántico (UA), de Colombia. Participaron del estudio 18 docentes (11 de la UA y 7 de la UNRC), y 32 estudiantes (22 de la UA y 10 de la UNRC), de las carreras de Licenciatura en Educación especial y Licenciatura en Psicopedagogía. Como instrumentos de recolección de datos se utilizaron entrevistas y cuestionarios abiertos. Los análisis indican los siguientes aspectos facilitadores de la innovación: formación docente continua, investigación de las innovaciones, políticas institucionales, trabajo en equipo, incorporación de tecnologías y actividades más allá de las aulas. Resistencias al cambio, burocratización, multiplicidad de tareas, masividad y falta de tiempo aparecen como aspectos obstaculizadores de las innovaciones, según los docentes y los estudiantes que participaron del estudio. El propósito es generar conocimientos que contribuyan a la comprensión de las innovaciones educativas como campo complejo. También se espera realizar aportes para el diseño y la ejecución de propuestas y políticas educativas orientadas a la transformación de las universidades.
TRADICIÓN ORAL Y TRANSMISIÓN DE SABERES ANCESTRALES DESDE LAS INFANCIAS
Authors: Moreno-López Nidia Milena , Sánchez-Torres Antonio Isidro , Pérez-Raigoso Andrea Del Pilar , Alfonso-Solano Jorge Neftaly
Published: August 2020

En la actualidad, existe un interés sobre la preservación de las culturas orales teniendo en cuenta la multiciplidad de culturas ágrafas (Monsonyi, s.f). Es por ello, que la presente investigación, se centra en la importancia de la oralidad como transmisora de cultura en los primeros años. Para ello valerse de las practicas pedagógicas y orientación educativa, desde perspectivas de inclusión, participación, diversidad y multiculturalidad resulta una herramienta fundamental. En consecuencia, el realce, conservación y participación en usos y costumbres de la tradición oral de la primera infancia, apoyados en factores de liderazgo transformador y gestión asociativa (saber para saber) son una alternativa de innovación pedagógica que contribuye a que desde la infancia se instauren procesos cognitivos orientados en la preservación de los saberes culturales. Para lo cual, se inicia desde el reconocimiento de las tradiciones en las regiones para así proponer y desarrollar acciones solidarias encaminadas a la manutención de los saberes populares impactando desde la infancia en las regiones. El enfoque metodológico del presente estudio fue cualitativo orientado en la comprensión de los fenómenos, indagando desde la perspectiva de los participantes en su contexto. Lo anterior en el marco del desarrollo de la Prestación del Servicio Social Unadista-SISSU en articulación con el proyecto de investigación Tradición Oral en las Infancias: Usos y Costumbres.  Los resultados alcanzados permitieron visibilizar la importancia del rescate, promoción y conservación de las diferentes tradiciones orales de nuestra multiculturalidad.
REFORMAS UNIVERSITARIAS ECUATORIANAS: EL ACCESO A LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: Latorre-Villacís Vianca Mercedes
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo revisar los efectos que la política tiene sobre el sistema de ingreso a la educación superior de Ecuador. Como método se realizó un análisis estadístico y cualitativo de la metodología de investigación: documental, estadístico y de entrevistas, para elaborar una discusión y recomendaciones sobre las políticas públicas y el cumplimiento de los objetivos de 2010 a 2017. Los resultados muestran cómo estos cambios se manifiestan mediante las evaluaciones de las universidades y su categorización, la planificación de procesos de gestión de calidad en la enseñanza y la pertinencia de la oferta académica para garantizar que el sistema de ingreso de los postulantes sea de manera meritocrática.La política de educación superior ha provocado una situación paradójica en este sistema, tanto en el ámbito nacional como dentro de cada institución de educación superior.
THE ROLE OF CONVENTIONAL ECHOENDOSCOPY (EUS) IN THERAPEUTIC DECISIONS IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROENDOCRINE GASTROINTESTINAL TUMORS
Authors: COSTA Rodrigo Dias da , KEMP Rafael , SANTOS José Sebastião dos , COSTA Débora Azeredo Pacheco Dias , ARDENGH José Celso , RIBAS-FILHO Jurandir Marcondes , RIBAS Carmen Australia Paredes Marcondes
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Background: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are rare, usually presented as subepithelial or polypoid tumors. Accurate diagnosis and indication of the type of resection are still challenging. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of echoendoscopy in determining the depth of the lesions (T) identified by endoscopy in order to evaluate surgical and/or endoscopic indication, and to evaluate the results of endoscopic removal in the medium term. Methods: Twenty-seven patients were included, all of whom underwent echoendoscopy for TN tumor staging and the evaluation of possible endoscopic resection. The parameters were: lesion size, origin layer, depth of involvement and identified perilesional adenopathies. The inclusion criteria for endoscopic resection were: 1) high surgical risk; 2) those with NET <2 cm; 3) absence of impairment of the muscle itself; and 4) absence of perilesional adenopathies in echoendoscopy and in others without distant metastases. Exclusion criteria were TNE> 2 cm; those with infiltration of the muscle itself; with perilesional adenopathies and distant metastases. The techniques used were: resection with polypectomy loop; mucosectomy with saline injection; and mucosectomy after ligation with an elastic band. The anatomopathological study of the specimens included evaluation of the margins and immunohistochemistry (chromogranin, synaptophysin and Ki 67) to characterize the tumor. Follow-up was done at 1, 6 and 12 months. Results: Resections with polypectomy loop were performed in 15 patients; mucosectomy in five; mucosectomy and ligation with elastic band in three and the remaining four were referred for surgery. The anatomopathological specimens and immunohistochemical analyzes showed positive chromogranin and synaptophysin, while Ki 67 was less than 5% among all cases. The medium-term follow-up revealed three recurrences. The average size of tumors in the stomach was 7.6 mm and in the duodenum 7.2 mm. Well-demarcated, hypoechoic, homogeneous lesions occurred in 75%; mucous layer in 80%; and the deep and submucosal mucosa in 70%. Conclusions: Echoendoscopy proved to be a good method for the study of subepithelial lesions, being able to identify the layer affected by the neoplasm, degree of invasion, echogenicity, heterogeneity, size of the lesion and perilesional lymph node involvement and better indicate the treatment option.
Proteção contra a radiação ultravioleta fornecida por óculos de sol
Authors: Peralta Luis
Published: August 2020

Resumo Ao comprar óculos de sol é importante garantir que estes oferecem uma proteção eficaz contra a radiação ultravioleta (UV). Embora invisível, este tipo de radiação pode causar sérios danos à retina. O uso de lentes sem proteção UV adequada pode revelar-se prejudicial, uma vez que a diminuição da luz visível leva a um aumento da pupila do olho. Neste trabalho propomos a construção de um dispositivo que permite testar a redução da intensidade luminosa introduzida pelas lentes coloridas de óculos. O sistema é baseado em LEDs coloridos e um fotossensor com amplificação integrada.
Do medical interns feel prepared to work in the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Moreira Maria Rosilene Cândido , Aquino Raul de Freitas , Barros Larissa Lima , Parente Natália Campos , Machado Maria de Fátima Antero Sousa , Oliveira Anderson Milfont Feitosa de , Cândido Estelita Lima
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To learn about the perceptions of medical internship students about the early conclusion of the course and their preparation to act in the fight against COVID-19. METHODS An online questionnaire was applied with questions about the socioeconomic profile and the object of investigation. The data were analyzed using the Bioestat 5.0 software. RESULTS 111 students participated, most of whom (61.3%) were male, aged 20 to 25 years (80.2%), of Catholic religion (57.5%), and attending the 2nd year of internship (50.5%). A small portion (22.5%) reported being in total social isolation. The majority (57.5%) considered themselves unprepared to act in the fight against the pandemic, and 86.8% of the students believe that the early conclusion of the course will contribute to the fight against COVID-19 in the country. CONCLUSION This scenario points to the urgency of measures that provide, to recent graduates, timely technical preparation, safe work conditions, and emotional support even at the beginning of their professional career, leading them to competent, dignified and healthy work, during and after the pandemic.
Soil moisture obtained through remote sensing to assess drought events
Authors: Inocêncio Tiago de M. , Ribeiro Neto Alfredo , Souza Alzira G. S. S.
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT The sequence of drought events in the Northeast of Brazil in recent decades raises attention to the importance of studying this phenomenon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the duration and severity of drought events from 1988 to 2018 in hydrographic basins of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, using two drought indexes: Standardized Soil Moisture Index and Soil Moisture Condition Index, calculated based on data of the Soil Moisture Project of the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative. The duration of the droughts was determined considering the months between their beginning and end, and their severity was based on the area formed in the graph between the curve of the index and the x-axis. The soil moisture database showed to be a promising tool for the analysis and monitoring of drought events in the Northeast region of Brazil, mainly for analysis and monitoring of drought events. The indexes allowed the evaluation of the drought phenomenon over the 30-year period, showing increases from 2012, which were more pronounced in the Semiarid region. The hydrographic basins responded differently to a same event, depending on the climate characteristics of the region in which they are located. Consecutive years with rainfall below the historical mean increased the magnitude of the droughts, as found for the 2012-2017 period, in which the indexes presented delays to return to more favorable values, showing the effect that one drought year has on the following year.