bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Destigmatising Schizophrenia: An Investigation into the Effects of Different Causal Explanations upon Stigma
Authors:   , Cunningham Hannah
Published: November 2021

While many people with mental illnesses are stigmatised, those with schizophrenia are the most severely stigmatised group (Crisp, Gelder, Rix, Meltzer, & Rowlands, 2000; Marie & Miles, 2008; Pescosolido et al., 1999). A vast body of psychology research has been devoted to investigating how education – particularly education about the causes of schizophrenia – can reduce this stigma that is attached to schizophrenia. While there is great support for the notion that education in general can reduce stigma (e.g. Costin & Kerr, 1962; Griffiths, Christensen, Jorm, Evans, & Groves, 2004; Ritterfeld & Jin, 2006), there is still disagreement regarding exactly which set of causal factors the general public should be educated about – biogenetic or psychosocial? Until now, only three previous studies (Lincoln, Arens, Berger, & Rief, 2008; Schlier, Schmick, & Lincoln, 2014; Walker & Read, 2002) have experimentally compared teaching a purely biogenetic causal explanation to teaching a purely psychosocial causal explanation. The results of this research appear to be somewhat contradictory leading to the need for another, more robustly designed experiment. In the present research, two experiments were conducted in which participants’ level of stigma was measured after they were given a biogenetic causal explanation of schizophrenia, a psychosocial explanation, or given no causal explanation. It was predicted that participants given a causal explanation would show reduced levels of stigma compared to participants given no causal information, and that there would be a significant difference in the stigma reduction effectiveness between types of causal explanation. Contrary to these expectations, the results of Experiment One showed no reduction in stigma when participants were given a causal explanation compared to no causal explanation, and revealed no significant differences in stigma reduction efficacy between the biogenetic and psychosocial causal explanations. Experiment Two utilised the same basic paradigm as Experiment One but with the addition of more convincing causal explanations and a manipulation check. The results of Experiment Two gave evidence that both a biogenetic and psychosocial causal explanation successfully reduces discrimination compared to giving no information on the causes of schizophrenia. In addition, a purely biogenetic causal explanation was also found to successfully reduce belief in other stereotypes compared to a psychosocial causal explanation or no causal explanation. Thus, I conclude that stigma can be effectively reduced by providing education about the causes of schizophrenia, and that a biogenetic causal explanation is a more effective stigma reduction tool as it reduces multiple types of stigma. Strengths, limitations, implications and future directions are discussed.
Material Agency
Authors:   , Bush Isabelle
Published: November 2021

The ‘material turn’ of the twentieth century focuses on the vibrancy of matter and non-human agency, providing an engaging platform from which to re-assess, and also promote, the role of materiality in design. The material turn draws away from a ‘representational’ paradigm towards a focus on materials as being non-objective, performative and responsive, where materials operate as authoritative matter. This design research thesis investigates the agential capacity of materials to amplify atmospheric experience in architecture. Through this research proposition, the thesis harnesses contemporary material perspectives to drive a series of enquiries that explore material agency in design. Within this framework, the design research seeks to strengthen relationships between user, matter and site. This method engages and evaluates materials on a tactile and emotional level, reflected in its atmospheric outputs.  Ultimately, the design research employs materiality as an agent in the production of a 1:1 scale installation and two speculative building designs at the domestic and public scale. A historic site in East London has been selected to provide the contextual and material foundations for the design research. This thesis concludes that materials have an ability to exert force on the design process when they are engaged in a responsive feedback loop which acknowledges the transformative capacity of both ‘human’ and ‘nonhuman’ elements. The dynamic nature of scaling as a design method supported these findings by encouraging progressive dialogue between matter and design process.
Forwarding Table Entries in Software Defined Networks: Representation and Uses in Network Engineering
Authors:   , Yang Liang
Published: November 2021

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging architecture that decouples the network control and forwarding functions. In SDN, the functionality of static configuration and routing table in a traditional network has been replaced by forwarding table entries (FTEs). Thus a systematic research on FTE to better monitor traffic and manage networking resources becomes crucial in SDN. There are already some initial works on FTE representation from mathematical/logical perspective. However, they usually concentrate on the abstraction and expression of FTE rather than the applications in real network. Based on existing research, a controller is unable to monitor networking traffic and manage networking resources from a network-wide perspective. To address these challenges, Boolean algebra is chosen and extended in this thesis to examine the relations and manipulations among FTEs together with traffic statistics. Specifically, three SDN applications: i) equivalence evaluation during FTE deployment, ii) non-invasive traffic estimation and iii) anomaly detection, have been proposed and verified with the help of Boolean algebra. All of these applications rely on the mining of the FTEs and their associated statistics, thus no overhead will be introduced to the switch's original packet forwarding functionalities. They can be easily deployed in production networks due to the non-invasive strategy as well as the feasibility and flexibility in real networking scenarios.
The characteristics of memories we would save and memories we would erase
Authors:   , Burton-Wood Cassandra
Published: November 2021

Autobiographical memory contains an incomplete yet dynamic and largely adaptive record of a person’s life experiences. Across three experiments we considered the extent to which people have a desire to intervene in the ordinary processes of remembering and forgetting by asking them how likely they would be to “save” or “erase” a memory of their choosing. We then asked people to rate those memories on functions, emotions, and other characteristics. We found that people do have memories they say they would save or erase if they could. The memories people would save were highly positive memories that served self and belonging functions. Half of these memories were of typical cultural milestones whereas the other half were of more idiosyncratic events. The memories people would erase were highly negative memories that served directive functions. These memories mostly concerned idiosyncratic events. When comparing save and erase memories to people’s most positive and negative memories, we found no difference between save and most positive memories. In contrast, erase memories differed from most negative memories by being more associated with shame and less with social and belonging functions. We discuss our findings in terms of our theoretical understanding of the characteristics of adaptive and maladaptive memories.
Situating English Language Teaching in Indonesia within a Critical, Global Dialogue of Theories: A Case Study of Teaching Argumentative Writing and Cross-Cultural Understanding Courses
Authors:   , Wahyudi Ribut
Published: November 2021

This dissertation aims to critically examine lecturers’ discursive statements in interviews and English Language Teaching (ELT) classroom practices in Indonesia, primarily in the teaching of Argumentative Writing (AW) and Cross Cultural Understanding (CCU) courses at two universities (Multi-Religious and Islamic University) in Java. This study uses poststructural and interdisciplinary lenses: Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA); Connell’s (2007) ideas of Southern Theory, Kumaravadivelu’s (2006b) Post Method Pedagogy, and Al-Faruqi’s (1989) and Al-Attas’ (1993) Islamisation of knowledge, as well as the critiques of these theories and other postcolonial voices. The critical examination of ELT practices through poststructural and interdisciplinary lenses in an Indonesian context is urgent, as teaching practices at present are subjected by competing regimes of ‘truth’ including Western, neoliberal, Southern, and Islamic discourses. The data were collected from curriculum policy documents, semi structured interviews, stimulated recalls and classroom observations from seven lecturers. The data were then transcribed and analysed primarily using FDA and also discussed in relation to other interdisciplinary theories, the critiques of these theories, and other relevant postcolonial literatures. Within the analysis there is a particular focus on how ELT Methods and World Englishes are enacted, negotiated, or resisted by lecturers.  This study strongly suggests that Western discourses have dominated other regimes of truth, as evidenced in the privileging of process and genre approaches, global Northern structures of AW essay, as well as an emphasis on American and British English in AW courses and the privileging of those two dominant English varieties in CCU courses in most contexts. The study also suggests there are tensions between religious discourse and emerging neoliberal discourses in national policies and university documents and some lecturers’ language. Southern discourses seem to have been marginalised and seem to be only resorted to support the use of Western discourses in the classroom teaching. The use of FDA and interdisciplinary lenses, along with their critiques and other postcolonial voices, are underexplored in current studies of ELT practices. Therefore, this study extends scholarship in the ELT field and makes a case for exposing lecturers to counter discourses, such as Southern and Islamic discourses, in order for them to be able to critically negotiate or appropriate Western and neoliberal discourses in their teaching practices.
Studies towards the Synthesis of a Heterobimetallic Zirconium Germanium Complex from Imidozirconocenes, Germanimines and Germylenes
Authors:   , Chapple Peter
Published: November 2021

Early-late transition metal heterobimetallic complexes with direct metal to metal interactions are desirable synthetic targets due to the complementary reactivity of the two different metals present in these compounds. The electron-rich late transition metal (often Rh, Ir, Fe, or Mo), and electron-poor early transition metal create an ideal environment for heterolytic bond cleavage in what is often termed ‘cooperative reactivity’. This project aimed to synthesise a zirconium-germanium heterobimetallic complex based on a known heterobimetallic ligand scaffold; 1.   The synthesis of the desired heterobimetallic 1 was attempted using two different synthetic approaches. The first involved the investigating the reactivity between an unsaturated zirconium nitrogen bond (an imidozirconocene) and a germanium(II) source with a lone pair of electrons (known as a germylene). The second approach investigated the reactivity between an unsaturated germanium nitrogen bond (a germanimine) and a zirconium(II) source. In order to have the highest chance of success, a wide range of germanium and zirconium complexes were synthesised.  The novel germylenes include [Ge(NAPHTMS)] (NAPHTMS = [1,8-((CH3)3Si)N)2C10H6]) and [Ge(BIANMes)] (BIANMes = [((2,4,6-Me(C6H2)N)2)C12H6)]). These proved to be unreactive towards the imidozirconium species [Cp2Zr(NAr*)(THF)] and [Cp2Zr(NDipp)(THF)] (Ar* = (2,6-(C6H5)2CH)-4-(tBu)C6H2), Dipp = (2,6-((CH3)2CH)C6H3)) as well as other amidozirconocenes. However, within these studies, the mixed coordination germanium species [[Ge(NAPHTMS)Ge(Bu)(NAPHTMS)]-[Li(THF4)]+] and [[Ge(NAPHTMS)Ge(Me)(NAPHTMS)]-[Li(THF4)]+]were synthesised. Density functional theory (DFT) molecular orbital calculations were used to help explain the observed reactivity.  With regards to the second approach, routes to new germanimine complexes such as [(HMDS)2Ge(NMes)] ((HMDS) = ((CH3)3Si)2N), Mes = (2,4,6-CH3(C6H3))), were explored, and several methods for generating “Cp2Zr” were examined. Although these conditions proved unsuccessful for generating 1, the reaction between dialkyl zirconocene with azides to form novel zirconocene triazenido complexes was discovered and the sterics affecting the synthesis of new germanimine complexes was investigated.
Local government decision-making - Local government decision-making in New Zealand: An interpretivist inquiry into influences and citizen preferences related to large capital investments
Authors:   , Read Haydn
Published: November 2021

Citizens’ active participation in local government affairs today is low, and no measurable signs indicate any improvement. To the contrary, evidence suggests citizen participation is deteriorating. Considerable debate has been involved in trying to establish whether its cause is citizenship deficits or democracy deficits. Alternatively, does another, yet-to-be-discovered driver explain the disconnection between local government and its citizens?  Of greatest concern is that, in the near future, significant investment decisions and the outcomes they provide are likely to set the tone for our communities for the next 100 years or more. In this context, the diminishing participation may beget further disconnection. Furthermore, if citizens are not really in a position to make an informed decision, who is? Can we be sure those decision-makers are making the right decisions? Has the intent behind our participatory or deliberative democracy in the local government sector established itself in practice, as we might expect?  Compounding this challenge is the complexity of the decision-making environment, which only enhances the gap between how citizens sense they are able to participate in these important long-term decisions and the political environments that struggle to find enduring solutions in which citizen preferences are weighted in a way that reflects community expectations. While the literature to date has covered citizenship and democracy deficits in some detail, understanding is more limited of the bureaucratic and representative deficits that are struggling with similar, if not identical issues.  This research examines the concept and practice of local government decision-making. Its focus is on the influences that elected members weight in this process, and specifically the weight they give to citizen preferences in making their decisions. Moreover, if these preferences are not being given due weight, what are the implications for our deliberative democracy? And do the findings have any implications for how our communities ought to view the current decision-making environment?
Critical Perspectives on Gender Norms and Relationships in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors:   , Trotter-Simons Bonnie-Estelle
Published: November 2021

Binary and hierarchical enforcements of gender norms may contribute to unhealthy relationships, sexual violence and continued oppression of marginalised groups. Drawing on a critical feminist research approach, I consider how young people perceive these norms in order to theorise on how we can move beyond them to create a more inclusive and empathetic society. I interviewed six professionals who work with young people and spoke with three focus groups of young people aged 16-19 about their views and experiences of gender norms and relationships in the context of New Zealand’s gendered culture. This thesis is theoretically driven, with analysis of literature on gender, postfeminism, individualism, community, and dominant constructions of victims for commenting on the research findings. Using thematic analysis, I organised my data into three predominant themes; The Gender Binary and Bro Culture, Pressures and Responsibilities, and Healthy Relationships. Numerous insights were generated from this analysis. In conceptualising New Zealand’s gendered culture, some participants identified an imperative to perform gender as staunch individuals. This imperative characterises pressure to live up to idealised expressions of staunchness, and relegates constructions of victimhood as associated with social deviance. Complicating this, young people’s solidarity and investments of collective energy to seek social change are equally significant findings for the emancipatory outlook of the project. This thesis provides a glimpse of the contemporary nature of gendered discourses in New Zealand, and indicates some ways in which these are shifting. There is greater complexity yet to be found in future research for theorising on these concepts, as I discuss toward the end of the thesis. All my participants’ voices are appreciatively valued for their insights on this topic. They have aided me in thinking about how we can collectively continue these conversations through action.
Tunnelling in rare-earth nitride structures
Authors:   , Miller Jackson
Published: November 2021

GdN thin film device structures, including magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), were grown by physical vapour deposition and their electrical properties were investigated. Growth compatibility between GdN and various contact metals (Al, Au, Gd and Nb) was assured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. I developed a photomask and lithographic process to isolate electrical behaviour perpendicular to the plane of the films. Al and Au were confirmed to make ohmic contact to GdN, while Gd and Nb both formed Schottky-like barriers at the interface with GdN. In MTJ structures, device electrical characteristics were dominated by tunnelling behaviour through the GaN barrier layer. The Simmons model was successfully applied to tunnelling measurements of Al/GdN/GaN/GdN/Gd structured MTJs to determine the barrier properties. MTJs grown with Al bottom contacts were grown with 1.5eV potential barrier height and 2.5 nm width. Finally, MTJs contacted with Nb exhibited a large magnetoresistance (> 500%), greater than GdN-based MTJs recorded in the literature [Warring et al. ”Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Incorporating a Near-Zero-Moment Ferromagnetic Semiconductor”, Phys. Rev. Appl., vol.6, p.044002, 2016].
Bespoke Urban Factory
Authors:   , Bankier-Perry André
Published: November 2021

A change in consumer values has resulted in the traditional factory becoming outdated and out of touch. The ever-changing rapid and exponential development in high-tech manufacturing technologies is enabling humankind to realise products and efficiencies never conceived of until recently. Mass production is a thing of the past. People want options – bespoke products and services with the ease and precision of a well-articulated assembly line. The consumer wants to understand the process, production practises and effects of the choices they make.  Since the emergence of the city itself, the public marketplace has been a critical node for urban vitality and liveliness – an assemblage of skilled creative specialists liaising directly with the consumer – where the designer is the maker and the store is the workshop. With the evolution of mass production, this once unified marketplace typology has fragmented and dispersed to where manufacturing no longer lies within the consumer’s grasp. A rich historic urban architecture has been supplanted by a distant scattering of industrial warehouses and faceless high street facades. The emergence of innovative new methods of designing and making has presented an opportunity to once again close the gap between production and the consumer interface.  Imagine a new architectural typology – an innovative urban marketplace that bridges the current disparity between production, consumerism and public space. It looks to explore the way in which architecture conveys emerging innovative technologies; the way manufacturing is displayed and perceived; and the relationships it has with those who engage with it. Using a local catalyst site, the research puts forward a solution as a socially and contextually relevant node within the city of Wellington, New Zealand. Architectural ideas are iteratively tested alongside a set of typological strategies – each informing the other. Throughout this process, the research seeks to understand and stitch together the many complex conditions in which to provide an inviting, engaging, public consumer destination. This is a high-tech marketplace of sorts – a new architecture for a new era of industry.
Perceptual Architecture
Authors:   , Griffiths Llewelyn
Published: November 2021

In this thesis, perceived space is investigated in a high density architectural context. Understanding how to optimize the subjective space is an opportunity to provide perceptually informed high density architecture. The aims of this thesis are to (1) develop an understanding of the perceived space by establishing optimizable parameters of a volume, (2) form a research through design methodology utilizing virtual reality experimentation, and (3) to apply the research to provide perceptually informed architecture which increases the perceived spaciousness and size of a dwelling. Virtual Reality (VR) improves an understanding of the perceived space compared to conventional design technologies. Firstly, a virtual experiment defined the optimum high-density apartment parameters with the key variables of perceived spaciousness, liveability, and size. During the VR experiments it was discovered that ceiling height and average room width determined separate responses to the perceived space. These were, ceiling height altering the perceived size and average room width altering the perceived spaciousness. Secondly, a VR methodology was utilized to test and resolve the complex issue of perceived space which requires implementation of architectural principles. The defined optimum parameters of room height and width alongside the literature provided the architectural principles to produce optimum perceived spaciousness, size and liveability. The principles include, perceptual overlap, extending line of sight, and primary and secondary zones. Thirdly, design evaluation explored architectural interventions using VR to illustrate the subjective space. I draw on research in design, virtual reality and psychology to develop a methodology that can sufficiently resolve the issues presented by this thesis. The paper argues that to design high-density housing for occupants, architects must have an understanding of perceived space. This has the potential to be achieved with the adoption of my thesis methodology.
The Right to Die and the Communal Body - An examination of the media influence, ethical principles and stakeholder attitudes towards assisted dying in New Zealand from a sociology in bioethics perspective
Authors:   , Revell-Dennett Sarah
Published: November 2021

This thesis is based on a sociology in bioethics approach which seeks to demonstrate that the current rhetoric being used by parties on both sides of the debate is no longer useful for the realities that people are expressing or living. In sociology, the assisted dying literature has tended to focus on the social, political, economic and cultural contexts within which it is sought, and to understand the range of definitions that are used to conceptualise a good death. Bioethics literature, on the other hand, has removed the socially situated individual from ethical discussions of assisted dying. By engaging with an idea of the communal body, interpreted as a moral community who experience intersubjective realties, this thesis provides a platform to combine these two perspectives. It seeks to examine the range of possibilities for understanding the socially situated and relationally autonomous individual requesting medically-assisted death.  The debate in New Zealand surrounding the right-to-die was brought to the fore in 2015 when terminally ill Lecretia Seales took a case to the High Court. Her argument sought a clarification of the current law, which would have allowed her doctor to provide life-ending medication should her pain and suffering become unbearable. Seales’ case was unsuccessful but it, along with the following events, has succeeded in bringing attention about end-of-life choices to the New Zealand public and media. The current End of Life Choice Bill, which stands before Parliament and was proposed by Member of Parliament (MP) David Seymour of the ACT Party, will once again provide a chance for these issues to be voted on by New Zealand’s elected officials.  A critical analysis of provincial New Zealand media articles, across the time periods between 2002-2005 and 2012-2015, has sought to highlight the ways the media influences public perceptions of the debate and emphasises the limited discourse available. These years represent significant periods during which events in time led the media to variably describe these deaths from murders to mercy killings. Further thematic analysis (TA) of 12 interviews undertaken with stakeholders in the field of medically-assisted dying show discrepancies between lay public knowledge and informed stakeholder views.  Overall, this thesis situates the communal body within the right-to-die argument in New Zealand. The results lend themselves to support a view that the current lack of available discourse has for the most part irrevocably rendered a divide between those who campaign for change and those who do not. In this thesis, I argue that by positioning itself within a sociology in bioethics approach, the right-to-die debate in New Zealand will be afforded a clearer understanding.
The Role of BCL6 in Glioblastoma
Authors:   , Jones Nicole
Published: November 2021

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most deadly brain tumour to occur in adults. Initially patients respond to radiation and chemotherapy, which primarily work by causing large amounts of DNA damage, leading to cell death. However, this process does not happen effectively in GBM and understanding how these cells resist cell death in response to therapy is key to improving the efficacy of treatment. BCL6 is a transcription factor that stops cell death in response to DNA damage, primarily through repressing transcription of DNA damage response genes. Recent work in our lab has shown BCL6 to be present in untreated GBM tumours and up-regulated in GBM cells treated with chemotherapy or radiation, and inhibition of BCL6 leads to a profound loss in proliferative activity. These results indicate that BCL6 may be used as a mechanism of therapy resistance in GBM cells. The objective of this study was to establish a role for BCL6 in GBM cells using luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) and targeted inhibition of BCL6 with subsequent transcriptional analysis by RNA sequencing. We observed that BCL6 appeared to be a transcriptional activator in GBM, as shown by increased luciferase activity in GBM cells treated with radiation. EMSA experiments revealed that overexpressed BCL6 formed complexes with co-repressors, but endogenous BCL6 did not. qChIP experiments revealed that BCL6 was not bound to tradtional BCL6 target genes. Analysis of transcriptional profiles has identified a unique subset of genes which are downregulated when BCL6 is inhibited and upregulated in response to chemotherapy, and these genes were related to cell survival. These changes indicate that these genes may be regulated by BCL6 in chemotherapy treated cells. Together, these results illustrate that BCL6 appears to have an active and unique function in GBM cells, and reinforces this transcription factors position as an attractive therapeutic target in GBM.
Seismotectonic of a Locked Subduction Patch: The Southern Hikurangi Margin
Authors:   , Evanzia Dominic
Published: November 2021

Subduction zones produce the largest earthquakes on the planet, where rupture along the plate interface can result in the release of stress over large areas, with up to tens of meters of slip extending from below the surface to the trench. The regional stress field is a primary control on the faulting process, ergo understanding the regional stress field leads to a better understanding of the current and future faulting in the area.  Abundant new seismic and continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) data in the southern North and northern South Island, New Zealand, make it possible to characterize stress and strain parameters throughout the southern Hikurangi subduction zone. Stress orientations calculated within the subducting plate, the overriding Australian plate, and due to gravitational forces reveal that stress throughout the subducting system varies across the southern North Island. Margin parallel motion is being accommodated by shear deformation west of theWairarapa fault, whereas margin perpendicular motion is being accommodated east of theWairarapa fault.  Stress parameters within the double Benioff zone (DBZ) were characterized in term of two bands of seismicity. In the deep region of the DBZ, inversion the upper band of seismicity shows down-dip tension, while the lower band shows compression. Tension in the upper band and compression in the lower band is consistent with bending stresses. In the shallow region of the DBZ, the inversion of both the upper and lower bands seismicity showed tension; this is indicative of slab pull.  Shear-wave splitting of stacked waveforms of local earthquakes recorded on 291 three-component stations showed an average fast azimuth of N-S to NNE-SSW, west of theWairarapa fault. A fast azimuth orientation of N-S to NNE-SSW is sub-parallel to the local major faults. This indicates that the observed anisotropy west of theWairarapa fault is structurally derived. East of the Wairarapa fault, within the Wairarapa Basin, the average fast azimuth orientation isNNW-SSE. Because the fast azimuth orientation showed no dependence on station-earthquake distance, depth, or back azimuth and is perpendicular to major local faults; it has been interpreted as being reflective of the SHmax orientation.  cGPS daily solutions for long-term and inter-slow slip events (inter-SSE) time periods show distinctly differing regions of shear strain rate in the southern North Island and northern South Island. Compression and positive (clockwise) rotation in the southern North and northern South Island was observed using both datasets. Inter-SSE time periods resulted in lower magnitude strain parameters than those calculated during time periods including SSEs. These datasets shows that strain parameters change on time scales of SSEs (< 10 years).
Inter-species horizontal toxicity: Experimental control of Argentine ants and their citrophilus mealybug mutualists in a viticultural system
Authors:   , Hardiman Catherine
Published: November 2021

The invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, is known to form a trophobiotic association with honeydew excreting homopterans Pseudococcus sp. providing protection from natural enemies in exchange for the honeydew they excrete. The vine mealybug Pseudococcus calceolariae, can transmit Grapevine leafroll- associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) between vines as it travels and feeds with the ensuing leafroll disease negatively impacting on vine health and wine quality. Therefore, if an effective chemical control method targeting incursions of Argentine ants in vineyards contributes to the dissociation of this invasive ant species with its citrophilus mealybug mutualist, then in theory the spread of GLRaV-3 in vineyards by its mealybug vector can be stemmed. Three insecticidal treatments targeting Argentine ants in the canopy of potted Pinot Noir grapevines inoculated with citrophilus mealybugs were trialled at a field site established in Nelson during the summer of 2016/2017. Bifenthrin (1200ppm) was sprayed on vine trunks and the low- toxicity baits, thiamethoxam (0.0006%) or boric acid (0.5%) carried in polyacrylamide gel with 25% sucrose and 0.15% citric acid solution, were placed at the base of vines. A significant decline in ant activity (p < 0.001) and citrophilus mealybugs was observed for the bifenthrin treatment. A follow-on bioassay was conducted at Mt. Albert Plant and Food Research, in the absence of P. calceolariae’s natural enemies to test the hypothesis that the decline in citrophilus mealybugs in response to vines treated with bifenthrin, could in fact be due to inter-species horizontal toxicity because of Argentine ants transferring the toxicant bifenthrin to citrophilus mealybugs while tending them or contaminating the substrate that they fed on. The significant decrease in average citrophilus mealybug activity rate (p < 0.001) for bifenthrin treatments compared with the controls provides evidence for inter-species horizontal toxicity. Bifenthrin sprayed on grapevine trunks may be suitable to control Argentine ants in the vine canopy and indirectly control P. calceolariae, a known vector of GLRaV-3 between grapevine hosts. The concept of inter-species horizontal toxicity could become a model for targeted pest management by exploiting different insect mutualisms in various horticultural cropping systems.
Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Online Teaching during COVID-19 Pandemic in Qatari Governmental Schools
Authors: Allouh Amani M , Qadhi Saba M , Hasan Mahmood A , Du Xiangyun
Published: November 2021

This study investigated primary school teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs regarding online teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic and whether it determines any significant differences in self-efficacy levels based on different demographic data. A quantitative and qualitative survey method was employed. The data was collected from primary school teachers in Qatar public schools using a web-based survey that assessed self-efficacy in three areas: Students Engagement, Classroom Management, and Instructional Strategies. Four open-ended questions were included in determining the challenges faced by teachers, coping strategies, and the support needed and received. A total of 514 teachers voluntarily completed the survey. The results showed that elementary school teachers actively reported self-efficacy beliefs in online teaching. T-test and ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences between primary school teachers’ self-efficacy and years of experience in the three fields. However, no significant differences were found between self-efficacy, gender, and age in the area. Results indicated that the more years of experience teachers have, the more self-efficacy they perceive. The open-ended questions’ results showed that unmotivated students were the most frustrating challenge primary teachers faced in online teaching. Therefore, contacting parents was highly prioritized by teachers for coping with this challenge. Besides, professional training was the main support received, but more practical and interactive workshops are still needed. This research can provide educators with insights on implementing technology effectively in their online classrooms and adapting to challenging times to achieve a smooth and effective learning process.
GOOD MANAGEMENT, QUALIFIED TEACHERS, SUCCESSFUL CHILDREN
Authors:   Kindergarden “Zname na mira”, Vratsa, Todorova Rumyana , Georgieva Ralitsa ,   Kindergarden “Zname na mira”, Vratsa, Zhelyazkova Lili ,   Kindergarden “Zname na mira”, Vratsa
Published: November 2021

The article presents the view of a group of teachers from Kindergarten “Zname na mira”, Vratsa on the model of the educational process in preschool education in the Spanish public school CEIP CARRA SQUER Sueca, Spain and opportunities for good practices in Bulgarian education system. The view was formed during the qualification of teachers under the project “Good Management, Qualified Teachers, Successful Children“ of the program “Erasmus +”, Key Activity 1, sector “School E ducation”. The purpose of the visit was to get acquainted with the organization of interaction with parents and social partners, increase the knowledge and skills of teachers for cooperative learning, acquaintance with innovative forms and techniques for developing emotional intelligence in children and monitoring organized pedagogical interaction with children – forms , techniques and models of work.
MUSIC AS A METHOD FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN IN KINDERGARTEN
Authors:   “Brezichka“ Kindergarden, Vratsa, Tsenova Plamena
Published: November 2021

Music is one of the strongest means for raising a young child. In order to get rapid and positive results from music, we should first of all develop a sense of rhythm in the child’s mind. One of the main types of musical activity in kindergarten is the perception of music. It is expressed primarily in the ability to actively feel and experience, emotionally. In addition, children get to know and learn to distinguish some elements of musical expression (melody, metro, rhythm, tempo, dynamics, timbre, etc.). In the kindergarten, the children get acquainted with a suitable range of artistic samples – contemporary, classical and folk music. They listen mainly to vocal recordings, whose verbal text facilitates the perception of music. These are the songs that are to be studied and performed by the children. Why? Because they are composed with more limited musical expressions – melody in a limited range, light intonation moves, light texture, etc. There are also songs only for listening, which are not performed by children, as they exceed their singing abilities, but showcase in front of them another mean to enrich their musical experience.
PAINTING WITH PASTELS – A POSSIBILITY TO REDUCE EMOTIONAL STRESS AND STIMULATE A CREATIVE THINKING FOR STUDENTS IN INTEREST CLASSES A GROUP FOR ALL-DAY ORGANIZATION OF THE SCHOOL DAY
Authors:   First Primary School „St. Cyril and St. Methodius“, Gotse Delchev, Pitseva Petrana
Published: November 2021

If you capture all students attention with something that activates all their senses, imagination and their bodies – then they would be able to perceive and assimilate better, to follow easily. Painting with pastels is a unique way to reduce emotional stress among students and stimulate the process of learning and creative thinking. Drawing make students think outside the box and allows students to be bold and creative in solving problems, it lets them discover new paths and improve their current ways of thinking and acting.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES – A MODERN METHODOLOGICAL MODEL IN LITERATURE TEACHING
Authors:   Children’s educational center „Sovichka“, Dobrich, Trifonova Magdalena
Published: November 2021

he text addresses the issue of the practical applicability of innovative techniques and approaches in the teaching of literature in the junior high school stage as an option for motivating the reading skills of adolescents. The focus has shifted to the methodological side of the learning process. The works by Bulgarian authors, included in the curriculum for 6th grade, were used as source works, but the emphasis was placed on the creative reading of the poem „Brothers of Gavrosh“ by Hristo Smirnenski. A model for an illustrative methodological framework for the perception, analysis and interpretation of the work with the help of technological tools is presented. The positives and negatives of the approbation of the creative approach in the teaching of literature are presented.
MPACT OF ENVIRONMENT TEMPERATURE AND STRATIFICATION ON THE CITRUS AURANTIUM SEED GERMINATION
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Sorokopudov V. N.
Published: November 2021

This study is aimed at investigating the impact of the environment temperature and stratification on the Citrus aurantium seed germination. The results show that the optimum environment temperature for the seed germination is found to be 25°C with the maximum percentage of 90%. The stratification of seeds leads to the seed germination percentage decrease by 69% and germination speed increase by 7 days.
Varietal reaction of winter wheat to the use of pesticides
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Poddymkina L. M.
Published: November 2021

In production experiments carried out in the crops of winter wheat of two varieties Iziuminka and Stanichnaya at the FSUE Kalininskoye enterprise in the Volgograd region, it was found that a decrease in weediness of crops and the number of pests as a result of the use of pesticides contributed to an increase in the yield of the variety Izuminka by 7 centners / ha, variety Stanichnaya on 4 c / ha. The use of pesticides also affected the gluten content in grains, its amount increased from 33% to 36% in the Stanichnaya variety and from 30% to 34.5% in the Iziuminka variety. A varietal reaction to the use of pesticides was revealed. Variety Izuminka showed greater sensitivity to the improvement of the phytosanitary situation as a result of the use of pesticides than variety Stanichnaya.
CULTIVATION OF VARIOUS POTATO VARIETIES IN THE KHANGALASSKY DISTRICT OF YAKUTIA
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Lukina F. A.
Published: November 2021

This article presents data on the study of various potato varieties. According to preliminary data, in the conditions of the Khangalassky ulus, along with the zoned potato varieties Tulunsky early and Lyubava, early and medium-early potato varieties, such as Rozara, Zhukovsky early, performed well.
Investigation of the bactericidal effect of chlorella suspension on the microbiota of malting barley
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Belokurova E.S.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the bactericidal properties of a suspension of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, containing up to 100 million cells in 1 ml, on the microbiota of malting barley. Treatment with chlorella solution for 30 minutes reduces the total number of microorganisms and inhibits the spores of molds of the genera Aspergillus and Mucor.
Analysis of the content of chemical elements in the leaves of dioecious nettle (urtica dioica l.), samples of Prigorodny district of North Ossetia-Alania in 2017-2019.
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Pekh A.A.
Published: November 2021

Analysis of the content of chemical elements in the leaves of dioecious nettle (urtica dioica l.), samples of Prigorodny district of North Ossetia-Alania in 2017-2019.
Botanical composition of long-term hayfield phytocenoses
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Teberdiev D.M.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of studying the botanical composition of long-term hayfield phytocenoses over the past 15 years. Depending on the fertilization system, the species and group composition of herbage and the dominant species change.
Some ways for obtaining healthy potato seed material
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Dobrokhotov S.A. , Anisimov A.I.
Published: November 2021

Some methods of obtaining a healthy seed material of potatoes (meristem culture, from seedlings of leaf tubers, etc.) are considered. The possibility of obtaining in one season, in conditions of heifers, tubers from seedlings and from them leafy minitubers is shown. The data on the yield of potatoes after different methods of improving the seed material are given.
Plant-rhizobial symbiotic systems with Black medic
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Stepanova G.V. , Igonin Vladimir N. , Kasak Vladimir V.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of field tests of plant-rhizobial symbiotic systems of black medic varieties of the Mira and a new breeding material with strains of nodule bacteria of various origins.
Veterinary and sanitary control of quality and safety of products of slaughter of small cattle in the conditions of the food market
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Burmistrova O. M.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of the examination of slaughter products of small cattle sold in the conditions of the food market.
Veterinary and sanitary control of quality and safety of products of slaughter of small cattle in the conditions of the food market
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Minashina I. N.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of evaluating the freshness of rabbit meat, sold in the city of Troitsk, Chelyabinsk region. It was found that the investigated products are of good quality and meet the requirements specified in the regulatory documents.
INFLUENCE OF STRAINS OF THE GENUS BACILLUS ON SOIL MICROBIOTA DURING PREPLANTING TREATMENT OF POTATO STUBS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Maslennikova V. S. , Tsvetkova V. P. , Shelikhova E. V.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of field studies to assess soil microbiota during pre-planting treatment of tubers with bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus in 2020.
THE ROLE OF PRECURSORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WEED COMPONENT AND THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE TULA REGION
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Polin V. D. , Ananyev A.A.
Published: November 2021

In conditions of saturation of the structure of crop rotations with winter wheat by more than 50%, the question of selecting high-quality precursors for its cultivation is acute. A properly selected precursor allows you to get higher crop yields while reducing the cost by reducing the pesticide load on the field.
REACTION OF SPRING WHEAT LINES WITH FOREIGN GENETIC MATERIAL TO THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIALLY CREATED STRESSES
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Pavlova O. V. , Marchenkova L. A. , Chavdar R. F. , Orlova T. G. , Chabanenko S. I. , Savoskina O. A.
Published: November 2021

The adaptive properties of spring wheat lines with foreign genetic material at the early stages of ontogenesis on the backgrounds of salinization with sodium chloride and prolonged flooding of seeds in water were evaluated. In the course of the work, different degrees of inhibition of growth processes were revealed, depending on the factor used and the genetic characteristics of the studied forms, a comprehensive (summary) assessment of the index of stability characterizing adaptability to adverse environmental factors was shown.
THE EFFECT OF BIOLOGICS AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Pshenichny R.N. , Drepa E.B. , Golosnaya E.L. , Kalmykova D.O.
Published: November 2021

The research was carried out in order to study the effect of the use of biological preparations and micronutrients (separately and in combination with each other) on the growth and development of winter wheat grown according to the sunflower precursor in the zone of unstable moisture. The experience was laid in 2020-2021 on leached chernozem. Two factors were studied in the experiment: drugs and the timing of their use. The classical technology of winter wheat cultivation adopted for the zone was used as a control. The scheme of the experiment included options with the use of biological preparations, micro-fertilizers separately and in combination with each other when etching seeds and during the growing season of winter wheat. The combined use of biological preparations and micronutrients provides an increase in yield by 10.2%, whereas with a separate application the increase was 4.5-5.7%.
EFFICIENCY OF SPRING WHEAT RESISTANCE GENES TO BROWN RUST IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF THE CENTRAL DISTRICT
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Medvedeva O. L.
Published: November 2021

On artificial infectious backgrounds, the change in the local population of leaf rust was monitored using isogenic lines. The study was carried out on 33 such lines of Thatcher spring wheat in 2018-2019, 2021.