bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Diversity Analysis of Candidate Prophages to Provide An Understanding on Their Roles in Bacillus Thuringiensis
Authors: Fu Yajuan , Wu Yan , Yuan Yihui , Gao Meiying
Published: April 2019

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is widely used in producing biological insecticides. Phage contaminations during Bt fermentation can cause severe losses of yields. Lots of strategies have been engaged to control extrinsic phage contamination during Bt fermentation, but their effectiveness is low. In this study, the candidate endogenous prophages (prophages) in 61 Bt chromosomes that had been deposited in GenBank database were analyzed. The results revealed that all chromosomes contained prophage regions, and 398 candidate prophage regions were predicted, including 135 putative complete prophages and 263 incomplete prophage regions. These putative complete prophages showed highly diverse genetic backgrounds. The inducibility of the prophages of ten Bt strains (4AJ1, 4BD1, HD-1, HD-29, HD-73, HD-521, BMB171, 4CC1, CT-43, and HD-1011) was tested, and the results showed that seven of the ten strains’ prophages were inducible. These induced phages belonged to the Siphoviridae family and exhibited a broad host spectrum against the non-original strains. The culture supernatants of the two strains (BMB171, 4CC1) could lyse Bt cells, but no virions were observed, which was speculated to be caused by lysin. The functional analysis of the putative complete prophage proteins indicated that some proteins, such as antibiotic resistance-associated proteins and restriction endonucleases, might increase the fitness of the Bt strains to different environments. The findings of this study provided understanding on the high prevalence and diversity of Bt prophages, as well as pointed out the role of prophages in the life cycle of Bt.
A Multidisciplinary Approach for Evaluating Spatial and Temporal Variations in Water Quality
Authors: Le Viet Thang , Quan Nguyen Hong , Loc Ho Huu , Thanh Duyen Nguyen Thi , Dung Tran Duc , Nguyen Hiep Duc , Do Quang Hung
Published: April 2019

The primary goal of this study is to investigate the classification capability of several artificial intelligence techniques, including the decision tree (DT), multilayer perceptron (MLP) network, Naïve Bayes, radial basis function (RBF) network, and support vector machine (SVM) for evaluating spatial and temporal variations in water quality. The application case is the Song Quao-Ca Giang (SQ-CG) water system, a main domestic water supply source of the city of Phan Thiet in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. To evaluate the water quality condition of the source, the government agency has initiated an extensive sampling project, collecting samples from 43 locations covering the SQ reservoir, the main canals, and the surrounding areas during 2015–2016. Different classifying models based on artificial intelligence techniques were developed to analyze the sampling data after the performances of the models were evaluated and compared using the confusion matrix, accuracy rate, and several error indexes. The results show that machine-learning techniques can be used to explicitly evaluate spatial and temporal variations in water quality.
Correction: Pueppke, S.G., et al. Irrigation in the Ili River Basin of Central Asia: From Ditches to Dams and Diversion. Water 2018, 10, 1650
Authors: Pueppke Steven G. , Zhang Qingling , Nurtazin Sabir T.
Published: April 2019

In the published article [...]
Climate Change Impact on Spatiotemporal Hotspots of Hydrologic Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Chinan Catchment, Taiwan
Authors: Peng Li-Chun , Lin Yu-Pin , Chen Guan-Wei , Lien Wan-Yu
Published: April 2019

Hydrologic ecosystem services are greatly affected by the changing climate. In this study, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model was used to quantify hydrologic ecosystem services. Five general circulation models (GCMs) and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) were selected to estimate hydrologic ecosystem services. The Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) index was used to identify hydrologic ecosystem hotspots. The hotspots were used to evaluate the impact of climate change on the services. Results indicate that annual water yields vary from −17% to 8%, with significant intra-year fluctuation. Compared to baseline data, the CESM1-CAM5 predicts an increase of 45% in June, but HadGEM2-AO predicts a drop to only 12% in January. Sediment export results show a similar trend to water yield, with sediment export increasing significantly under RCP 8.5, and monthly sediment export increases concentrated from June and October. Nitrogen and phosphorous exports both show less significant changes but obvious intra-year variations. The CESM1-CAM5 predicts strong seasonal and spatial variation of the hydrologic ecosystem services. Our proposed approach successfully identifies annual and monthly hotspot spatial changes of hydrologic ecosystem services under climate change.
PFASs in Finnish Rivers and Fish and the Loading of PFASs to the Baltic Sea
Authors: Junttila Ville , Vähä Emmi , Perkola Noora , Räike Antti , Siimes Katri , Mehtonen Jukka , Kankaanpää Harri , Mannio Jaakko
Published: April 2019

The concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Finnish aquatic environment were measured in riverine waters and in inland, coastal and open sea fish. In addition, the PFAS load to the Baltic Sea from 11 rivers was calculated. Measurements show that PFASs, including restricted perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), are widely present in the Finnish aquatic environment. At three out of 45 sampling sites, the concentration of PFOS in fish exceeded the environmental quality standard (EQS) of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The annual average (AA) ∑23PFAS concentration in surface waters ranged from 1.8 to 42 ng L−1 and the concentration of PFOS exceeded the AA-EQS in three out of 13 water bodies. In European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras), the ∑PFAS concentration ranged from 0.98 to 1 µg kg−1 f.w. (fresh weight) and from 0.2 to 2.4 µg kg−1 f.w., respectively. The highest concentrations in both surface water and fish were found in waters of southern Finland. The riverine export of ∑10PFAS to the Baltic Sea from individual rivers ranged from 0.4 kg yr−1 to 18 kg yr−1. PFAS concentrations in fish of point-source-polluted sites and coastal sites were higher compared to fish of open sea or diffusely polluted sites. The PFAS profiles in surface waters of background sites were different from other sites. This study shows that PFASs are widely found in the Finnish aquatic environment. Different PFAS profiles in samples from background areas and densely populated areas indicate diverse sources of PFASs. Although atmospheric deposition has a substantial influence on PFAS occurrence in remote areas, it is not the dominant source of all PFASs to the aquatic environment of Finland. Rather, wastewaters and presumably contaminated land areas are major sources of PFASs to this aquatic environment.
PANGGILAN DAN PERUTUSAN AWAM KATOLIK DI TENGAH MASYARAKAT
Authors: Wilhelmus Ola Rongan
Published: April 2019

The call and mission of Catholic laymen in the Church and in the midst of society is often associated with the parable of the hired people in the Lord's vineyard (Mt 20: 1-16). Changes and various problems which have been occurring in the Church and in the community at all times urge the Catholic community to respond immediately. Catholic lay people are prohibited from becoming spectators when facing various problems and changes being occurred. The question is how and to what extent has the layman tried to live a family life and organize economic, political, legal, social, cultural activities, etc. according to God's plan and will?Answering the question, this paper intends to describe a number of main things, namely: first, lay call and mission in the community, second, Spontaneously answer of lay man to the call and mission of God; third, the perfection and novelty of life; and fourth, the call for holiness of life. This writing is inspired by the parable of the hired men in the vineyard (Mt 20: 1-8).
A Mathematical Formulation for Mixed Model Two Sided Assembly Line Balancing Problem to Consider Boundary Conditions
Authors: Yadav Ashish , Verma Pawan , Agrawal Sunil
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to develop a new mathematical model for the mixed model two-sided assembly line balancing problem (MTALBP) generally occurs in plants producing large-sized high-volume products such as buses or trucks.
Methodology: In this paper, the proposed mathematical model is applied to solve two-sided mixed-model assembly line balancing problem with lower and upper bound. The proposed mathematical model is solved using a branch and bound algorithm on LINGO 17.0 solver.
Findings: Based on the computational result, line efficiency that is obtained by reducing single and mated stations of the assembly line is good as compare to the theoretical minimum number of stations and reduces computational time by applying boundary conditions.
Practical implications: Since the problem is well known as an NP-hard problem a benchmark study problem is solved,and the result of the study can be beneficial for assembly of the mixed model products in term of minimizing mated stations as well as computational time.
Originality: By literature review, t his paper is first to address mixed-model two-sided assembly line balancing problem with bounds using the exact solution approach.
Remote Health Monitoring System using Wireless Body Area Network
Authors: Islam MD. Zahidul , Rafi Sazzad Hossain , Miah MD. Murad
Published: April 2019

The rapid increase of wireless technologies and body area networks has enabled the continuous healthcare monitoring of patients from a remote location using various sensors. This paper describes a remote health monitoring system using WBAN where different sensors are used to collect a patient’s vital signs. Once the data is received, the captured data are evaluated by the Arduino and sent to the patient’s Android Smartphone using a Bluetooth module and a newly developed android application named Health Monitoring App. Data can be accessed by the patient himself, by doctor or patient’s family members. In critical conditions such as when body temperature and pulse rate goes beyond a predefined value or patient fall down, then application from patient’s smart phone triggers a message to deliver to the doctor or relatives with the location of the patient using built-in GPS in patient’s phone. This remote health monitoring system is very feasible and cost-effective for a developing country like Bangladesh.
Effect of Scouring and Bleaching Agents on whiteness Index and Bursting Strength of Cotton Knitted Fabric
Authors: Hossain MD. Tofazzal , Hossain Alimran , Saha Palash Kumar , Alam MD. Zahangir
Published: April 2019

This paper shows the effect of different bleaching agent on whiteness index and bursting strength of the cotton knitted fabric. Bleaching process uses three types of bleaching agents namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 with varying their concentration and these are 1.5 g/l, 2.5 g/l, 3.5 g/l, 4.5 g/l, and 5.5 g/l. In the same time, scouring agent was caustic soda, and its concentration for all the bleaching agents was same. It is obvious that with the increase of bleaching agent concentration, whiteness index increases, and bursting strength reduces.
Railway in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin conurbation.
It is time for the underground.
Authors: Fojcik Edward
Published: April 2019

Opportunities for a railway network to be used in present and prospective passenger transports in Upper Silesian and Coal Basin conurbation. PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. intensions in the scope of modernization and reconstruction of railway network in the conurbation, for the purpose of functional regional and long-distance passenger transport systems’ evolution. Technical and organizational conditions to separate rail passenger services from cargo transportation in the conurbation, furthermore, separating regional and long-distance rail traffic in the passenger transport. Reasons to build new railway lines connecting the conurbation center and Katowice-Pyrzowice International Airport. Courses of action for the undergrounds’ process of planning at each stage in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin conurbation center, as well as regional railway lines for a local transport and a high – speed railway for a long- distance passengers’ domestic and international transport.
The impact of transport and telecommunication infrastructures
on the tourism competitiveness of regions
Authors: Bąk Iwona , Szczecińska Beata
Published: April 2019

In the article were described the selected elements of tourism development, which are transport and telecommunication infrastructures. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of this infrastructure on the tourism competitiveness of countries in the world. Therefore, the synthetic index of competitiveness was described – The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which is published by the World Economic Forum (WEF). The study included the selected pillars of the TTCI index, containing information about the transport infrastructure and the teleinformatics in years 2007-2015. Furthermore, the competitiveness of the Polish sector of tourism in the international arena on the field of infrastructure was discussed. It turned out, that in the analysis period, Poland took the highest position in the pillar of telecommunication infrastructure. The lowest position, Poland took in the terms of air transport infrastructure, although a significant improvement can be seen in that area in recent years.
The stiffness of bridge structure as performance parameters of communication
Authors: Machelski Czesław
Published: April 2019

The stiffness of a bridge structure as a utility parameter of transport constructions Bridge structures, according to the project assumptions, must meet the static-strength require-ments included in the service load bearing capacity of a structure. In the case of slender transport structures, an essential condition of usage (deflections) is the stiffness of the struc-ture, which is the subject of the article. In the case of footbridges, their stiffness may be a basic requirement, resulting from the dynamic vulnerability of the structure. The stiffness of an object can be determined on the basis of calculations using a model of a structure. The sec-ond method is the measurement of displacements of an object under a service load, as well as during acceptance tests. Examples given in the paper indicate that the rigidity of an object is a universal technical parameter covering different bridge structures. The value k allows an objec-tive justification of the division of bridge structures into massive and slender constructions.
Interaction of Small Biothiols with Silver and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Pem Barbara , Pongrac Igor M , Ulm Lea , Pavičić Ivan , Vrček Valerije , Domazet Jurašin Darija , Ljubojević Marija , Krivohlavek Adela , Vinković Vrček Ivana
Published: April 2019

Improvement in nanosafety is one of the major tasks for innovation force of nanotechology, which may be accomplished by design and development of biocompatible nanomaterials. Biocompatibility assessment demands investigation of nano-bio interactions that affect behavior and fate of nanoparticles in biological systems. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly prone to interact with endogenous biothiols like cysteine and glutathione. This study was designed to evaluate intimate interactions between cysteine and glutathione with biomedically relevant metallic NPs, i.e. silver (AgNPs) and gold (AuNPs). Systematic and comprehensive analysis revealed that preparation of AgNPs and AuNPs in the presence of biothiols lead to stable NPs stabilized with oxidized forms of biothiols. Their biocompatibility was tested by evaluation of cell viability, ROS production, apoptosis induction and DNA damage in murine fibroblast cells (L929), while ecotoxicity was tested using aquatic model organism Daphnia magna. The toxicity of these NPs was considerably lower compared to the ionic metal forms. Comparison with data published on polymer-coated NPs evidenced that surface modification with biothiols made them safer for the environment, but more toxic for use in humans. These results represent significant contribution to the collection of knowledge on the role of biothiols on the fate and behavior of metal-based nanomaterials.
Genomic Prediction of Pumpkin Hybrid Performance
Authors: Wu Po‐Ya , Tung Chih‐Wei , Lee Chieh‐Ying , Liao Chen‐Tuo
Published: April 2019

Genomic prediction has become an increasingly popular tool for hybrid performance evaluation in plant breeding mainly because that it can reduce cost and accelerate a breeding program. In this study, we propose a systematic procedure to predict hybrid performance using a genomic selection (GS) model that takes both additive and dominance marker effects into account. We first demonstrate the advantage of the additive–dominance effects model over the only additive effects model through a simulation study. Based on the additive–dominance model, we predict genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for individual hybrid combinations and their parental lines. The GEBV‐based specific combining ability (SCA) for each hybrid and general combining ability (GCA) for its parental lines are then derived to quantify the degree of midparent heterosis (MPH) or better‐parent heterosis (BPH) of the hybrid. Finally, we estimate the variance components resulting from additive and dominance gene action effects and heritability using a genomic best linear unbiased predictor (g‐BLUP) model. These estimates are used to justify the results of the genomic prediction study. A pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) data set is given to illustrate the provided procedure. The data set consists of 320 parental lines with 61,179 collected single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers; 119, 120, and 120 phenotypic values of hybrids on three quantitative traits within C.maxima Duchesne; and 89, 111, and 90 phenotypic values of hybrids on the same three quantitative traits within C. moshata Dechesne.
The Cumulative Mass Profile of the Milky Way as Determined by Globular Cluster Kinematics from Gaia DR2
Authors: Eadie Gwendolyn , Jurić Mario
Published: April 2019

We present new mass estimates and cumulative mass profiles (CMPs) with Bayesian credible regions for the Milky Way (MW) Galaxy, given the kinematic data of globular clusters (GCs) as provided by (1) the Gaia DR2 collaboration and the HSTPROMO team, and (2) the new catalog in Vasiliev (2019). We use GCs beyond 15 kpc to estimate the CMP of the MW, assuming a total gravitational potential model

, which approximates an NFW-type potential at large distances when γ = 0.5. We compare the resulting CMPs given data sets (1) and (2), and find the results to be nearly identical. The median estimate for the total mass is M
200 = 0.70 × 1012
M
⊙ and the 50% Bayesian credible interval is

. However, because the Vasiliev catalog contains more complete data at large r, the MW total mass is slightly more constrained by these data. In this work, we also supply instructions for how to create a CMP for the MW with Bayesian credible regions, given a model for M(<r) and samples drawn from a posterior distribution. With the CMP, we can report median estimates and 50% Bayesian credible regions for the MW mass within any distance (e.g.,

,

,

, etc.), making it easy to compare our results directly to other studies.
Non-isobaric Thermal Instability
Authors: Waters Tim , Proga Daniel
Published: April 2019

Multiphase media have very complex structure and evolution. Accurate numerical simulations are necessary to make advances in our understanding of this rich physics. Because simulations can capture both the linear and nonlinear evolution of perturbations with a relatively wide range of sizes, it is important to thoroughly understand the stability of condensation and acoustic modes between the two extreme wavelength limits of isobaric and isochoric instability as identified by Field. Partially motivated by a recent suggestion that large non-isobaric clouds can “shatter” into tiny cloudlets, we revisit the linear theory to survey all possible regimes of thermal instability. We uncover seven regimes in total, one of which allows three unstable condensation modes. Using the code Athena++, we determine the numerical requirements to properly evolve small amplitude perturbations of the entropy mode into the nonlinear regime. Our 1D numerical simulations demonstrate that for a typical AGN cooling function, the nonlinear evolution of a single eigenmode in an isobarically unstable plasma involves increasingly larger amplitude oscillations in cloud size, temperature, and density as the wavelength increases. Such oscillations are the hallmark behavior of non-isobaric multiphase gas dynamics and may be observable as correlations between changes in brightness and the associated periodic redshifts and blueshifts in systems that can be spatially resolved. Intriguingly, we discuss regimes and derive characteristic cloud sizes for which the saturation process giving rise to these oscillations can be so energetic that the cloud may indeed break apart. However, we dub this process “splattering” instead of “shattering,” as it is a different fragmentation mechanism that is triggered when the cloud suddenly “lands” on the stable cold branch of the equilibrium curve.
New genera of meliturguline bees from Saudi Arabia and Persia, with notes on related genera and a key to the Arabian fauna (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Alqarni Abdulaziz S. , Shebl Mohamed A. , Thomas Jennifer C.
Published: April 2019

A new genus of melitturgine bees (Panurginae: Melitturgini) is described and figured from central Saudi Arabia.BelliturgulanajdicaEngel,gen. et sp. n., is similar in several respects to the genusFlavomeliturgulaPatiny in that both have a greatly elongate glossa that is longer than the face and is truncate apically. The former differs in the greatly elongate and flattened first labial palpomere, the remaining palpomeres unmodified, the greatly protuberant clypeus, and long labrum lacking dense setal patches, among other traits. In addition, remarks are made on the composition ofFlavomeliturgula, withMeliturguladesertaWarncke (Iran, Pakistan), removed toKhuzimelissaEngel,gen. n., resulting in the new combinationKhuzimelissadeserta(Warncke),comb. n.Khuzimelissadiffers fromFlavomeliturgulaby the unmodified labial palpomeres (lacking the elongate first three labial palpomeres of the latter genus), the acute glossa (broadly truncate in the latter), glossa shorter than head length (greater than head length in the latter), the abundant, white, squamiform setae of the mesoscutum (sparse, erect setae in the latter), cleft pretarsal claws (simple in the latter), presence of metasomal setal bands (lacking in the latter), and apically emarginate pygidial plate (acutely rounded in the latter). The species ofFlavomeliturgulaare organized into three subgenera, includingKoreshomelissaEngel,subgen. n., andFreyamelissaEngel,subgen. n., and these may eventually warrant generic status once phylogenetic work on the tribe has been completed. A key to the Arabian genera of Panurginae is provided, along with an augmented key to the genera of subtribe Meliturgulina.
Can a Conventional Propulsion System Match the Efficiency of an Underwater Glider Buoyancy Engine?
Authors: Hockley Christopher , Butka Brian
Published: April 2019

AbstractAutonomous underwater gliders are a family of autonomous vehicles used for a long-range, long-term observation of oceanic environments. To do this, they leverage changes in net buoyancy and the resulting vertical motion to generate forward locomotion via hydrodynamic
surfaces. To function for extended periods, these systems operate in a low-speed, low-drag regime. Conventionally propelled underwater vehicles typically operate at speeds in excess of those achievable by gliders and therefore require more energy in order to compensate for losses due to hydrodynamic
drag. An interesting question arises when considering the operational efficiencies of conventionally propelled systems when they operate at speeds typical of underwater gliders. A first-principles energy-based approach to glider operations was derived and verified using real-world data. The
energy usage for buoyancy-driven propulsion was compared to conventional propulsion types. The results from these calculations indicate that a conventionally propelled autonomous underwater vehicle can compete with a buoyancy-driven system given the proper propulsive efficiency.
Characterizing Lake Ontario Marine Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Velioglu Sogut Deniz , Jensen Robert E. , Farhadzadeh Ali
Published: April 2019

AbstractLake Ontario, the smallest in surface area among the Great Lakes, is the last lake in the Great Lakes' hydrologic chain. In this study, Lake Ontario's marine renewable energy resources are characterized. The historical wave records reveal up to 8 m significant wave
heights in Lake Ontario's eastern basin. Furthermore, the lake's historical water level data indicate that storm surges can get as large as 1 m near Port Weller and Burlington. The storms of November 13, 2003, and January 30, 2008, are estimated to produce a total theoretical potential energy
of ~25 GWh. The lake-wide monthly mean wave power for the selected year 2011 is at its peak in October and November, exceeding 10 kW/m. On the other hand, it is estimated to be around 1 kW/m during late spring and summer. The present work is part of an extensive study attempting to characterize
marine renewable energy resources for the entire Great Lakes and follows the recently published works on Lake Erie and Lake Michigan (Farhadzadeh et al., 2017; Velioglu Sogut et al., 2018). It is also the first study elaborating on the characterization of Lake Ontario's marine renewable energy
resources.
Оценки убывания решений задачи Коши для модифицированного уравнения Кавахары
Authors: Naumkin Pavel Ivanovich
Published: April 2019

Изучено поведение при больших временах решений задачи Коши для модифицированного
уравнения Кавахары
$$
\begin{cases}
u_{t}-\partial_{x}u^{3}-\dfrac{a}{3} \partial_{x}^{3}u+\dfrac{b}{5} \partial_{x}^{5}u=0,
&(t,x) \in \mathbb{R}^{2},

u(0,x)=u_{0}(x), &x\in \mathbb{R},
\end{cases}
$$
где $a,b>0$. В предположении,
что полная масса начальных данных $\displaystyle\int u_{0}(x) dx\neq 0$ и начальные данные $u_{0}$ малы в норме $\mathbf{H}^{2,1}$, доказано существование глобального по времени решения и найдены оценки его убывания при больших временах.
Библиография: 19 названий.
Ride Index Structure and Development Methodology
Authors:   Vehicle Dynamics Standards Committee
Published: April 2019

This recommended practice defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient whole-body vibration. It indicates the principal factors that combine to determine the degree to which a vibration exposure will cause discomfort. Informative appendices indicate the current state of knowledge and provide guidance on the possible effects of motion and vibration on discomfort. The frequency range considered is 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz. This recommended practice also defines the principles of preferred methods of mounting transducers for determining human exposure. This recommended practice is applicable to light passenger vehicles (e.g., passenger cars and light trucks). This recommended practice is applicable to motions transmitted to the human body as a whole through the buttocks, back and feet of a seated occupant, as well as through the hands of a driver.

This recommended practice offers a method for developing a ride performance index but does not specifically describe how to apply this index to assessment or comparison of specific vehicles.
Association Between Executing Theory of Mind in a Limited Experimental Context and Executing It in Daily Contexts in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lee Ya-Chen , Lin Chien-Ho , Tsai Ching-Hong , Li Hsing-Jung , Lin Shu-Kai , Chen Kuan-Lin
Published: April 2019

Importance: Theory of mind (ToM) can be divided into two constructs: capacity and performance. Although severity of autism traits and verbal comprehension have been identified as being associated with ToM capacity, no study has yet verified their role in predicting the ToM performance of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Objective: To examine the differences and associations between ToM capacity and ToM performance and to verify the role of autism traits and verbal comprehension in predicting ToM performance in children with ASD.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Pediatric rehabilitation hospitals and clinics.

Participants: One hundred four children with ASD who met the inclusion criteria.

Outcomes and Measures: We examined ToM capacity and ToM performance with the Theory of Mind Task Battery (ToMTB) and the Theory of Mind Inventory–2–Chinese version (ToMI–2–C). Severity of autism traits and verbal comprehension were assessed with the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS–2), and the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) of either the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–Fourth Edition or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition. We conducted correlation and hierarchical regression analyses.

Results: Scores on the ToMI–2–C were significantly correlated with those on the ToMTB, SRS–2, and VCI (rs = .613, −.344, and .566, respectively; p < .01).

Conclusions and Relevance: ToM capacity is significantly correlated with ToM performance. Both severity of autism traits and verbal comprehension played an important role in predicting ToM performance of children with ASD after controlling for ToM capacity.

What This Article Adds: ToM capacity, severity of autism traits, and verbal comprehension were all significant predictors of ToM performance. Improving ToM capacity, severity of autism traits, and verbal comprehension of children with ASD would be beneficial to their ToM performance.
Ozone formation under low solar radiation in eastern China
Authors: Tie Xuexi , Long Xin , Li Guohui , Zhao Shuyu , Xu Jianming
Published: April 2019

Abstract. PM2.5, a particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less, is one of the major components of the air pollution in eastern China. In the past few years, China's government made strong efforts to reduce the PM2.5 pollutions. However, another important pollutant (ozone) becomes an important problem in eastern China. Ozone (O3) is produced by photochemistry, which requires solar radiation for the formation of O3. Under heavy PM2.5 pollution, the solar radiation is often depressed, and the photochemical production of O3 is prohibited. This study shows that during fall in eastern China, under heavy PM2.5 pollutions, there were often strong O3 photochemical productions, causing a co-occurrence of high PM2.5 and O3 concentrations. This co-occurrence of high PM2.5 and O3 is un-usual and is the main focus of this study. Recent measurements show that there were often high HONO surface concentrations in major Chinese mega cities, especially during daytime, with maximum concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2 ppbv. It is also interesting to note that the high HONO concentrations were occurred during high aerosol concentration periods, suggesting that there were additional HONO surface sources in eastern China. Under the high daytime HONO concentrations, HONO can be photo-dissociated to be OH radicals, which enhance the photochemical production of O3. In order to study the above scientific issues, a radiative transfer model (TUV; Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible) is used in this study, and a chemical steady state model is established to calculate OH radical concentrations. The calculations show that by including the OH production of the photo-dissociated of HONO, the calculated OH concentrations are significantly higher than the values without including this production. For example, by including HONO production, the maximum of OH concentration under the high aerosol condition (AOD = 2.5) is similar to the value under low aerosol condition (AOD = 0.25) in the no-HONO case. This result suggests that even under the high aerosol condition, the chemical oxidizing process for O3 production can occurred, which explain the co-occurrence of high PM2.5 and high O3 in fall season in eastern China. However, the O3 concentrations were not significantly affected by the appearance of HONO in winter. This study shows that the seasonal variation of solar radiation plays important roles for controlling the OH production in winter. When the solar radiation is in a very low level in winter, it reaches the threshold level to prevent the OH chemical production, even by including the HONO production of OH. This study provides some important scientific highlights to better understand the O3 pollutions in eastern China.
Base cations in the soil bank. Non-exchangeable pools may sustain centuries of net loss to forestry and leaching
Authors: Rosenstock Nicholas P. , Stendahl Johan , van der Heijden Gregory , Lundin Lars , McGivney Eric , Bishop Kevin , Löfgren Stefan
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The soil exchangeable pool is classically viewed as the bank of base cations in the soil, withdrawn from by plant uptake and leaching and deposited into by decomposition, deposition and mineral weathering. While largely true, this view ignores the potential large size of other soil nutrient pools, including microbial biomass, clay interlayer absorbed elements, and calcium oxalate. These pools can be sizeable and neglecting them in studies examining the sustainability of biomass extractions or need for nutient return limits our ability to gauge the threat or risk of unusustainable biomass removals. In this short communication, we examine a set of chemical extraction data from a mature Norway Spruce forest in central Sweden, and compare this dataset to ecosystem flux data gathered from the site in other research. We bound the sizes of these pools and discuss them in the perspective of a forest rotation period. Lastly, we highlight the potential for sequential extraction techniques and isotope exchange measurments to illuminate the identify and flux rates of these important, and commonly overlooked, nutrient pools.
Indoctrination and Islamization in Higher Secondary Curriculum in Pakistan: A Case Study of Sindh Textbook Board of Pakistan
Authors: Kazim Razia , Sartaj Shabana , Memon Sadia
Published: April 2019

Language is a social phenomenon. It helps us to interact with the world around us. The prevailing content explores and emphasizes the idea of language as a significantly active agent which indoctrinates learners and excludes people from minorities through English Language textbook of Class 9 published by Sindh Textbook Board of Sindh, Pakistan. The study used Fair Clough’s model of CDA 1995 (Critical Discourse Analysis) as a tool to reveal the hidden ideologies behind the language used in the textbook. English, in Pakistan, is used as a language-learning subject in the context of L2. However, the language used in textbooks imposes certain ideological connotations in not only an implicit but also explicit manner. Rahman (2002).The language textbooks indoctrinate learners by propagating hidden agendas such as excessive promotion of Islamization and glorification of war and war heroes to name just a few. The study recommends language textbooks to focus on developing language skills and enlarging the lingual capabilities of the learners instead of selling indoctrination and constricting the critical abilities of the learners. In order to meet the needs of a modern world, balance curriculum contents should be designed for the learners. It is highly suggested to the designers and policy makers, to focus on language learning items and content, instead of content-oriented textbooks. The research will be beneficial in the domain of education and for fellow researchers as they would be able to discern in clear terms why indoctrination should be discouraged in the process of education; language should only be taught without distortion.
El viaje inmigratorio de familias judías hacia Chile en el siglo XX
Authors: Matus Mario
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo describe los principales aspectos del viaje inmigratorio de familias judías a

Chile y postula que tal viaje estuvo conformado por un conjunto importante de desafíos

relativamente comunes. Por otro lado, plantea que estos desafíos tuvieron magnitudes muy

diversas dependiendo de la circunstancia específica del contexto histórico y condicionaron

vivencias muy variadas. Por último, postula ciertas capacidades que pudieron haber

contribuido a amortiguar las considerables dosis de incertidumbre que rodearon cada viaje,

y que habrían servido de apoyo desde el momento de la partida hasta el momento de la

llegada y la inserción en Chile.
Plan de recuperación del patrimonio documental de la comunidad judía de Chile
Authors: Riquelme Ríos Judith
Published: April 2019

Este artículo revisa el concepto de patrimonio documental vinculado a la Comunidad Judía de Chile. Presenta los fundamentos que permitieron impulsar la creación del Archivo de Judaísmo Chileno (AJCH), cuya misión es recuperar, conservar y preservar los documentos generados por la comunidad. El plan de recuperación del patrimonio comunitario se circunscribe a otras acciones realizadas por el Centro de Estudios

Judaicos de la Universidad de Chile que buscan posibilitar nuevos estudios multidisciplinarios en torno a los objetos de información generados por este grupo de inmigrantes.
Reflexiones sobre la naturaleza y la práctica del perdón en el contexto doctrinal no-teísta del Budismo
Authors: Ulloa Rübke Gonzalo
Published: April 2019

El Presente artículo trata del concepto del perdón a interior del pensamiento budista entendido este como “una manera de prevenir pensamientos negativos, y por tanto, dañinos, perjudiciales para la paz, la tranquilidad y la salud mental del individuo”. La práctica del perdón debe ir necesariamente acompañada de sentimientos de amor compasión hacia el ofensor y no motivado por un sentimiento egoísta por afán de conseguir admiración por el acto de perdonar. Este difícil acto ayuda al crecimiento personal de quien otorga el perdón.
Miradas talmúdicas a las preguntas en la Pascua judía o de la violencia del (no) preguntar
Authors: Huarte Cuéllar Renato
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo se vincula la idea de preguntar con la de la violencia. A partir de las cuatro preguntas (¿“Ma Nishtaná?”) que habitualmente se realizan para abrir el seder de Pésaj o Pascua judía se hará un breve recorrido por la interpretación que se hace en el Talmud de estas preguntas y su intención primaria. De esta manera, se retoma el breve pasaje talmúdico de Rabi Yanai y la pregunta que le hace su hijo la víspera de Pésaj para ejemplificar lo que las preguntas pueden hacer en este contexto y en otros. La violencia de la pregunta sincera que desestructura se opone, entonces, a la pregunta prefabricada que suelen memorizar los niños para el inicio de esta fiesta. Concluye el texto con una reflexión levinasiana en torno a la libertad de la humanidad y esta fiesta.
El niño judío reloaded: Un milagro reescrito desde el Siglo XXI
Authors: Toro Mauricio
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo se presenta un nuevo poema basado en el milagro “El niño judío” de Gonzalo de Berceo, original del siglo XIII.
Transmisión identitaria judía a través de la educación judía en Chile
Authors: Roitman Deby
Published: April 2019

El artículo trata sobre la educación judía como transmisora de identidad judía y de cómo se fundó en Chile un colegio hebreo con ese propósito específico. Se detalla el concepto de identidad y los identificadores, así como una descripción de las materias Judaicas dentro del Instituto Hebreo y cuáles deben de ser los ejes judaicos centrales de guía para su implementación y transmisión.
Letras en la diáspora. Literatura Judía en Colombia, siglo XX
Authors: Cardona Lorena
Published: April 2019

En el siguiente texto se hará una revisión analítica de tres obras literarias que narran las peripecias de la integración judía en Colombia: la primera, un libro de cuentos Gentes en la Noria (1945), de Salomón Brainski ; la segunda, un documento recopilatorio de vivencias, desarrollado en dos tomos: Yo vi Crecer un País (1974) y Crónicas testimoniales colombianas (1982), escritas por Simón Guberek y, finalmente, una novela: El Rumor del Astracán (1991), de Azriel Bibliowicz. Estos tres tópicos servirán de base para trabajar una narrativa diversa en Colombia. Si bien los mismos se enmarcan dentro de géneros distintos y sus temporalidades son relativamente distantes, funcionan como una apertura temática interesante que le da cabida a una comprensión más compleja del fenómeno migratorio judío y sus correlaciones con una cultura local.
El Historiskerstreit chileno, ensayo sobre los rendimientos políticos de la patrimonialización de la memoria
Authors: Meirovich Sigal
Published: April 2019

Tras episodios de terrorismo de Estado que han dejado heridas abiertas y antagonismos irresolubles, la integración social y construcción de comunidad nacional requiere de políticas que mantengan la reflexión (y por ende la controversia) viva. Tal como encendiera el debate el historiador alemán Ernst Nolte durante el cuadragésimo aniversario del fin de la segunda guerra mundial, lo hace la ex directora de la Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos, Magdalena Krebs, justamente, durante el cuadragésimo aniversario del golpe militar en Chile. El presente ensayo no tiene por objetivo defender una posición en el conflicto sino más bien explorar una forma posible de mantener la controversia viva con el fin de probabilizar la construcción presente de una comunidad política capaz de incorporar críticamente sus conflictos sin caer en la hegemonía del consenso, pues ésta implica la generación constante de una memoria acallada en el otro lado de la distinción recordar/olvidar. La patrimonialización, en este contexto, aparece hoy como una alternativa posible.
León Rozitchner: fenomenología de una experiencia judía entre Freud y Marx
Authors: Maidan Michael
Published: April 2019

Este artículo explora el rol de la experiencia judía en el pensamiento del filósofo e intelectual de izquierda judeo-argentino León Rozitchner (1924-2011). Tomando como punto de partida su libro Ser Judío (1967), la interpretación que Rozitchner hace del judaísmo es analizada en sus escritos sobre san Agustín y sus últimos escritos de la década de los años 2000. Rechazando la interpretación del cristianismo como mera ideología que refleja en forma distorsionada el modo de producción social, Rozitchner elabora en sus últimas obras la idea que el cristianismo es la matriz y condición de posibilidad de la sociedad capitalista, y que su oposición al judaísmo no puede ser otra que una animosidad fundamental de la que la Shoah no es una excepción aberrante sino su manifestación más ejemplar.
Inmigrantes judíos húngaros en México: dilemas identitarios
Authors: Staropolsky-Shwartz Frida
Published: April 2019

La singular identidad de los judíos húngaros que llegaron a México desde las primeras décadas y mediados del siglo XX, muestra una gama de referentes identitarios que refleja posturas subjetivas respecto a su sentir, identificaciones y pertenencias. Las complejas situaciones de sus experiencias personales, familiares y como grupo judío, en diferentes épocas, fueron marcadas por las disyuntivas que les generaron una tensión permanente entre ser y pertenecer como ciudadanos y como judíos. Testigos de escenarios violentos, de exclusión más que de inclusión societaria en Hungría, tuvieron la oportunidad posteriormente de llegar a México como un espacio de sobrevivencia, residencia y permanencia. Se analizan cualitativamente diversas problemáticas identitarias con base en las historias de vida de catorce de los treinta y tres casos de estos inmigrantes húngaros judíos que formaron parte de una investigación sobre el tema llevada a cabo entre 2005 y 2012.
Destellos de nostalgia: inmigrantes ideológicos de América Latina en el Israel de hoy
Authors: Siebzehner Batia
Published: April 2019

La práctica de la ideología sionista socialista que caracterizaba a los movimientos juveniles en América Latina implicó para sus miembros emigrar a Israel y vivir en el kibutz. Este artículo analiza la manera en que los grupos de Hashomer Hatzair que emigraron en los decenios de los 50 a los 80 del siglo XX evaluan en la madurez (la segunda década del siglo XXI) la realización de esos objetivos. El cuestionario al que respondieron más de 700 personas que participaron en el movimiento y emigraron a Israel y las entrevistas realizadas a parte de ellos tomaron en consideración los cambios acaecidos en la sociedad israelí desde entonces. Los hallazgos muestran que hay casi un consenso entre los encuestados en lo que se refiere al logro de los objetivos sionistas y a la contribución del movimiento a la conformación de la nacionalidad israelí. Las respuestas que se refieren al kibutz presentan un cuadro más complejo dado que hay quienes ven en esa empresa un fracaso y hay también quienes consideran un posible despertar del socialismo y el colectivo kibutziano. La decepción, e incluso los perjuicios personales parecen no destruir la nostalgia restaurativa con respecto al movimiento juvenil al que le atribuyen un lugar fundamental como vivencia juvenil. Tanto los miembros que aún viven en el kibutz (la mitad de los respondientes) como los que lo abandonaron volverían, con la experiencia actual, a ingresar al movimiento que parece perpetuarse como una "Inmaculada decepción".
La Presencia Hebrea en “El Decano De La Prensa Cubana”
Authors: Hernández Gómez de Molina Adriana
Published: April 2019

El trabajo aborda cómo reflejó la prensa cubana de los años 30 del pasado siglo la presencia hebrea cuando los eventos europeos aceleraron la entrada de inmigrantes, a través de las noticias aparecidas en una publicación emblemática: El Diario de la Marina, quien se auto titulara “el decano de la prensa cubana”.
De Gerchunoff a Kosher Waters: cómo se legitimaron los judíos en la Argentina (1910-2010)
Authors: Cherjowsky Ivan
Published: April 2019

El artículo revisa cinco estrategias puestas en práctica por distintos actores de la colectividad judía argentina con el objetivo de legitimarse socialmente entre el centenario y el bicentenario del país. De este modo, se propone la hipótesis de que la legitimidad es la resultante de un proceso complejo, que involucra la elaboración de políticas específicas por parte de intelectuales, artistas y líderes comunitarios.
El asilo contra la opresión. Narrativas de sobrevivientes y refugiados de la Shoá en Chile, que vivieron represión por segunda vez
Authors: Nudman Alejandra
Published: April 2019

El siguiente trabajo muestra testimonios de sobrevivientes del Holocausto llegados a Chile y cómo fue su experiencia de vida al sufrir represión por la dictadura militar. Asimismo, describe el funcionamiento de la comunidad judía en el país en este período.
Heliconias : un proyecto antropoecológico
Authors: Rivas Reynaldo Antonio
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo expone el origen, el ser y el quehacer del proyecto socioecológico Heliconias, que tiene como misión la restauración de la casa común desde una perspectiva antropoecológica. La sede del proyecto está en el municipio de Ilobasco, departamento de Cabañas, El Salvador. Y en la actualidad cuenta ya con más de 15 proyectos ecológicos, ha abierto el primer parque ecológico en Ilobasco, acompaña con formación a docentes y alumnos de al menos 12 centros educativos en los cuales desarrolla la liga de Balonmano. Sus ejes transversales son: Ecología y Humanización.