bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping gender wage gaps in regular employment: a counterfactual decomposition analysis for India
Authors: Soni Nikita , Pattanaik Falguni
Published: February 2025

Purpose

In India, women encounter twofold challenges – declining labour force participation and a widening gender wage gap (GWG). The study explores the precarious position of women during the third decade of economic reforms. It examines the influence of demographic and job characteristics on wages, uncovering socioeconomic imbalances and disentangling wage disparities attributable to productive and non-productive factors.

Design/methodology/approach

Using unit-level data from the NSS EUS (2011–12) and PLFS (2018–19), the study employs OLS and quantile regression methods to estimate the contribution of socioeconomic factors in wage determination. It applied Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition alongside other mean-based decomposition approaches. Furthermore, the counterfactual decomposition proposed by Machado–Mata and Melly is also applied.

Findings

Structural and socio-cultural barriers continue to depress women’s LFPR and wages. Women remain concentrated at the lower end of the wage spectrum, earning less than men. However, GWG has slightly narrowed, but discrimination remains substantial, which is primarily driven by employers’ undervaluation of women’s work, rooted in prejudice. Additionally, the sticky-floor phenomenon worsened in 2018–19, further hindering upward mobility.

Originality/value

Leveraging recent survey data helps inform policy discourse to promote gender equality and address workplace disparities. It urges policymakers to re-evaluate anti-discrimination measures to combat socioeconomic challenges.
Green HRM and employees’ green behaviour: the role of environmental concern as a moderator
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Khan Nawab Ali , Afzal Mohammed , Meraj Maryam
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine how various green HRM practices – such as hiring, training, pay and rewards and teamwork – impact overall green behaviour by considering the mediating roles of task-related and voluntary green behaviours and the moderating effect of environmental concern.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for this study was collected from 398 employees of manufacturing companies in North India using purposive sampling. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the hypothesised relationships, while bootstrapping and the normal theory method were used for the mediation analysis. The Hayes Process Macro was applied for the moderation analysis.

Findings

The findings revealed significant relationship between green HRM practices and employees’ green behaviour with task-related and voluntary green behaviours acting as a significant mediator. Additionally, environmental concerns significantly moderate these relationships.

Practical implications

The study offers implications for HR managers, practitioners and policymakers, highlighting the importance of incorporating environmental aspects when framing their policies. Integrating various green HRM practices is essential to create environmental responsibility within the organisation.

Originality/value

Research on Green HRM and employee behaviour is in its nascent stage in developing countries like India, particularly within the manufacturing sector.
Responding to urgent calls for fit-for-purpose planetary health curricula: an examination of nutrition and dietetics tertiary education
Authors: Barbour Liza , McCartan Julia
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Health professionals play a crucial role in addressing the climate crisis and contributing to sustainable development. However, despite urgent calls from experts and health professions students, tertiary education currently lacks fit-for-purpose planetary health curricula. This study aims to provide a comprehensive, Australia-wide examination of planetary health curricula offered within two health professions: nutrition and dietetics.

Design/methodology/approach

This mixed-method study involved two phases. Firstly, content analysis of publicly available unit titles and descriptions to determine the frequency and distribution of relevant curricula. Secondly, content and inductive thematic analysis of relevant learning outcomes, guided by Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy to assess the level of cognitive learning and the subject matter being prioritised.

Findings

Examination of 104 degrees offered by 41 Australian universities identified relevant curricula in 71 nutrition degrees (84%) and 18 dietetics degrees (95%). Majority of relevant learning outcomes (n = 137) focus on lower-order cognitive learning, with 11 themes of subject matter identified; planetary health, critiquing the status quo, innovation and disruption, equity, values-based practice and evidence-based practice, (dietary modification, food service in health-care settings, food and nutrition policy, food system drivers and elements of the food supply chain.

Originality/value

This study identified an increase in coverage of planetary health curricula in Australian nutrition and dietetics degrees compared to previous examinations and the need for higher-order learning to adequately equip the future health workforce.
Institutional orientation–export performance relationship in B2B contexts: examination of its facilitating and boundary conditions
Authors: Zouari Abir , Chaney Damien , Khemakhem Romdhane
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the concept of institutional orientation for B2B firms, defined as their ability to understand and adapt to the institutional factors of foreign markets. It examines how internal and external moderators influence the relationship between institutional orientation and export performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a purposive sampling survey targeting B2B 257 exporting firms, ensuring representation across company sizes, industries and international experience. The firms come from France and Tunisia, chosen for their institutional, cultural and economic differences.

Findings

This study finds that the relationship between institutional orientation and export performance is not supported. However, the study demonstrates that this relationship becomes significant when moderated by channel networking capability, structural organicity, customer dynamism and competitive intensity.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by providing a more nuanced view of the relationship between institutional orientation and export performance in B2B firms and by exploring how internal and external contextual factors moderate it, an area that has not been thoroughly investigated.
Integrating ChatGPT in halal tourism: impact on tourist satisfaction, e-WoM and revisit intention
Authors: Battour Mohamed , Salaheldeen Mohamed , Anwar Imran , Ratnasari Ririn Tri , A. Hamid Abdelsalam , Mady Khalid
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of using ChatGPT on the Halal tourism experience. It examines the relationships among Halal-friendly travel motivations and satisfaction, revisit intention and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WoM) while testing the moderating effect of ChatGPT on the relationship between satisfaction and revisit intention.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a quantitative methodology. Using purposive sampling techniques, it approached about 800 tourists (from November 2023 to January 2024) from several halal tourism destinations in Indonesia. A total of 395 usable surveys were analyzed to test the relationships and moderation effects by SEM.

Findings

The study indicates that Halal-friendly travel motivations positively impact Muslim tourist satisfaction, which in turn influences e-WoM and revisit intention. Importantly, ChatGPT significantly moderates the relationship between satisfaction and revisit intention, thereby strengthening tourist loyalty for those using the AI tool.

Practical implications

The study’s findings provide practical guidelines for halal tourism providers to enhance Halal-compliant services and incorporate ChatGPT as an AI tool to boost Muslim travelers’ satisfaction, drive e-WoM and increase revisit intentions. AI technology gives Halal tourism companies an advantage in offering customized, immediate support, which leads to Muslim visitors becoming loyal.

Originality/value

The study fills a significant gap in the Halal tourism literature by examining AI’s impact on the market. It expands the Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT), the push-pull theory and word-of-mouth models in Halal tourism. It also contributes to AI adoption in Halal tourism by addressing how modern AI tools can influence tourist behaviors, improve satisfaction and encourage repeat visits.
Multicultural educational leadership with indigenous communities: a literature review
Authors: Queupil Juan Pablo , Álvarez-Figueroa Francisca
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The intersection of multiculturalism and educational leadership has received increasing attention in research worldwide. Nonetheless, considering major trends and challenges across different societies, little is known about this under the indigenous communities’ framework. The purpose of the paper is to address this gap through a review of the existing studies on this topic.

Design/methodology/approach

This study consisted of a systematic literature review, assessing 23 indexed articles from main databases, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) procedures. In this review, four thematic categories were considered: (1) geographical location and year of publication of the entries; (2) characterization of the educational setting, formal or informal; (3) leadership focus (objectives, methodology and implications) and (4) identification of leaders (roles and profiles) and multicultural approach adopted.

Findings

The articles reviewed were published between 2014 and 2023, most from Australia and the USA. Results also detected a predominance of formal K-12 settings but a significant number of articles within informal ones, primarily based on rural contexts and their connection with Indigenous communities. Leadership is mainly addressed in its expected objectives and aims when this involves a pedagogy, practice or initiative with Indigenous people. Furthermore, Indigenous community leaders are considered in collaborative actions, including other roles, such as students, principals and teachers.

Originality/value

This study provides evidence and underscores the relevance of connecting educational leadership with Indigenous communities to collaborate in a multicultural socio-educational context involving Indigenous people.
Workplace greenery and employee green behavior: a moderated-mediation model
Authors: Valor Carmen , Redondo Raquel , Carrero Isabel
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The implementation of sustainable corporate policies and practices requires that employees engage in green behavior. Understanding the drivers of employee green behavior (EGB) is a fundamental research question. This paper aims to extend the scholarship on the micro-foundations of EGB by examining workplace greenery as an antecedent of EGB.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from theories in environmental psychology (biophilic design, well-being and nature relatedness [NR]), the paper studies the mediating role of well-being and the moderating role of employee nature-relatedness in a three-wave panel study, conducted nine months apart in a sample of white-collar workers.

Findings

Workplace greenery influences the green behavior of employees; whereas the effect is direct for employees with low NR, for employees high in this trait the effect is mediated by well-being.

Practical implications

Workplace greenery emerges as a practical environmental cue that contributes to achieving the environmental goals of the company reducing its environmental impact. Organizations may consider investing in creating greener workspaces as it implies a double dividend: for employees with stronger environmental identities, these plants enhance well-being and indirectly foster green behavior, but it will encourage green behavior in employees without such an identity.

Social implications

The insights provided about the complex interplay between workplace greenery, NR, well-being and environmental behavior can guide the development of targeted and more strategic workplace interventions that foster greener and happier employees and organizations.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the micro-foundations of EGB in three ways. First, it reveals that workplace greenery, an under-researched organizational factor, may be used as a cultural artifact to promote green behavior among employees. Second, it enriches the authors’ understanding of the psychological mechanisms leading to EGB. Finally, it expands on the individual determinants of EGB, underscoring the importance of considering NR in green human resource management.
Management education in the age of information overload
Authors: Sweet Kenneth Michael , Appenzeller Knowles Kathryn , Waples Ethan P.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to advocate for the integration of quantitative reasoning into management education and leadership development literature. The authors argue that the increasing complexity of managerial decision contexts, particularly in the age of information overload, demands that leaders possess the ability to critically analyze and interpret quantitative information.

Design/methodology/approach

This viewpoint paper uses narrative argument to explore the concept of quantitative reasoning and its relevance to management education. The authors draw on research from mathematics education, psychology and management to support their argument. They also use real-world examples, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to illustrate the importance of quantitative reasoning in contemporary leadership.

Findings

This paper argues that quantitative reasoning is a critical skill for organizational leaders. It highlights the limitations of traditional management education in preparing leaders to effectively navigate data-rich environments. The authors contend that incorporating quantitative reasoning into leadership development programs can improve decision-making effectiveness.

Originality/value

This paper offers a novel perspective on leadership development by emphasizing the significance of quantitative reasoning, a concept borrowed from the field of mathematics education, to close a gap in current management education practices.
The Association Between Menstrual Disorders and Workforce Participation: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Alemu Biresaw Wassihun , Waller Michael , Tooth Leigh R.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To assess the association between menstrual disorders and workforce participation among Australian women.

Design

Population‐based cohort study.

Setting

Secondary analysis of eight surveys collected between 2000 and 2021.

Population

A total of 11 152 Australian women, born between 1973 and 1978.

Methods

Between 2000 and 2021, self‐reported longitudinal survey data were collected. At each survey, menstrual disorders and workforce participation were measured. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equations for multinomial responses, with stratification by age.

Main Outcome Measures

Workforce participation.

Results

Women who often experienced premenstrual tension reported lower odds of working part‐time compared to full‐time work (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.90), with this finding strongest among women aged 31 to 40 (AOR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.78). While overall, women who often experienced irregular periods had higher odds of working part‐time compared to full‐time (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.61), women aged 22 to 30 had lower odds of working part‐time (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.97). Women who experienced severe period pain had higher odds of being unemployed compared to working full‐time (AOR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.36), with this association strongest in women aged 41 and older (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.40).

Conclusions

There is substantial variation in the association between menstrual disorders and workforce participation, and the role of women's ages in these associations. Increased awareness of and further elucidation of these factors may improve women's engagement in the workforce.
The extended speech reception threshold model: Predicting speech intelligibility in different types of non-stationary noise in hearing-impaired listeners
Authors: Rhebergen Koenraad S. , Dreschler Wouter A.
Published: February 2025

The speech reception threshold (SRT) model of Plomp [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63(2), 533–549 (1978)] can be used to describe SRT (dB signal-to-noise ratio) for 50% of sentences correct in stationary noise in normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) listeners. The extended speech reception threshold model (ESRT) [Rhebergen et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2181–2192 (2010)] was introduced to describe the SRT in non-stationary noises. With the ESRT model, they showed that the SRT in non-stationary noises is, contra to the SRT in stationary noise, dependent on the non-stationary noise type and noise level. We examine with SRT data from the literature, whether the ESRT model can also be used to predict SRT in individual NH and HI listeners in different types of non-stationary noise based on a single SRT measurement in quiet, stationary, and non-stationary noise. The predicted speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in non-stationary noises in NH and HI listeners correspond well with the observed SRTs independent of the used non-stationary spectral or temporal masking, or noise masking levels. The ESRT model cannot only be used to describe the SRT within a non-stationary noise but can also be used to predict the SRTs in other non-stationary noise types as a function of noise level in NH and HI listeners.
Chemogenetic activation of microglial Gi signaling decreases microglial surveillance and impairs neuronal synchronization
Authors: Zhao Shunyi , Wang Lingxiao , Kleidonas Dimitrios , Qi Fangfang , Liang Yue , Zheng Jiaying , Umpierre Anthony D. , Wu Long-Jun
Published: February 2025

Microglia actively survey the brain and dynamically interact with neurons to maintain brain homeostasis. Microglial Gi protein–coupled receptors (Gi-GPCRs) play a critical role in microglia-neuron communications. However, the impact of temporally activating microglial Gi signaling on microglial dynamics and neuronal activity in the homeostatic brain remains largely unknown. In this study, we used Gi-based designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (Gi-DREADD) to selectively and temporally modulate microglial Gi signaling pathway. By integrating this chemogenetic approach with in vivo two-photon imaging, we observed that exogenous activation of microglial Gi signaling transiently inhibited microglial process dynamics, reduced neuronal activity, and impaired neuronal synchronization. These altered neuronal functions were associated with a decrease in interactions between microglia and neuron somata. Together, this study demonstrates that acute, exogenous activation of microglial Gi signaling regulates neuronal circuit function, offering a potential pharmacological target for the neuromodulation through microglia.
Rapid and sustained degradation of the essential centrosome protein CEP192 in live mice using the AID2 system
Authors: Sladky Valentina C. , Strong Margaret A. , Tapias-Gomez Daniel , Jewett Cayla E. , Drown Chelsea G. , Scott Phillip M. , Holland Andrew J.
Published: February 2025

Studying essential genes required for dynamic processes in live mice is challenging as genetic perturbations are irreversible and limited by slow protein depletion kinetics. The auxin-inducible degron (AID) system is a powerful tool for analyzing inducible protein loss in vitro, but it is toxic to mice. Here, we use an optimized second-generation AID system to achieve the conditional and reversible loss of the essential centrosomal protein CEP192 in live mice. We show that the auxin derivative 5-phenyl-indole-3-acetic acid is well tolerated over 2 weeks and drives near-complete CEP192 degradation in less than 1 hour in vivo. CEP192 loss did not affect centriole duplication but decreased γ-tubulin recruitment to centrosomes impairing mitotic spindle assembly. Sustained CEP192 loss in vivo led to cell division failure and cell death in proliferative tissues. Thus, the second-generation AID system is well suited for rapid and/or sustained protein depletion in live mice to study essential functions in vivo.
Direct measurement of fluorocarbon radicals in the thermal destruction of perfluorohexanoic acid using photoionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Ming-Gao , Huang Chen , Zhao Long , Rappé Anthony K. , Kennedy Eric M. , Stockenhuber Michael , Mackie John C. , Weber Nathan H. , Lucas John A. , Ahmed Musahid , Blotevogel Jens , Lu Wenchao
Published: February 2025

Thermal destruction is a critical cornerstone of addressing the rampant contamination of natural resources with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, grave concerns associated with stack emissions from incineration exist because mechanistic studies have thus far relied on ex situ analyses of end products and theoretical calculations. Here, we used synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry to study the pyrolysis of a representative PFAS—perfluorohexanoic acid—and provide direct evidence of fluorocarbon radicals and intermediates. A key reaction pathway from perfluorocarboxylic acids to ketenes via acyl fluorides is proposed. We furthermore propose CF
2
/CF
3
radical–centered pyrolysis mechanisms and explain their roles in the formation of other products that may form in full-scale incinerators. These results have not only unveiled the role of radicals and intermediates in thermal PFAS decomposition and recombination mechanisms but also provide unique insight into improving the safety and viability of industrial PFAS incineration.
Pixel-level metal blackbody microcavities via hierarchical laser writing
Authors: Ng Chong-Kuong , Chen Tianle , Ju Bing-Feng , Chen Yuan-Liu , Ma Yungui
Published: February 2025

Conventional blackbody cavities, known for their near-unity broadband omnidirectional emissivity (absorptivity), are however constrained by their large volume (e.g., >10
4
cm
3
), imposing crucial restrictions on integration with existing devices. Here, we introduce the concept of metal blackbody microcavities, comprising thousands of microscale periodic pores created on metals, demonstrating excellent emissivity across visible and infrared (IR) ranges (exceeding 0.94 on average from 0.25 to 20 μm). In the long-wavelength IR (8 to 14 μm) region, near-unity emissivity was successfully achieved by 100-μm-deep metal microcavities with ultralow structural aspect ratios, facilitated by laser-textured multiscale surface morphologies that substantially enhance the light-trapping capabilities. Our findings demonstrate that microcavity-based patterns can produce local emissivity, tunable radiative intensity gradients, wide-angle feasibility, and high-temperature resistance, thereby enabling diverse applications in thermal IR displays such as thermal illusion, IR encryption, and grayscale thermal imaging. Notably, these blackbody microcavities are applicable to various metals, presenting considerable potential for use in extreme environments.
Summer foraging habitat suitability for highly mobile male beluga whales in the Eastern Beaufort Sea and Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Storrie Luke , Hussey Nigel Edward , MacPhee Shannon A. , O'Corry-Crowe Gregory , Loseto Lisa L.
Published: February 2025

Eastern Beaufort Sea belugas face threats from increasing vessel traffic and decreasing availability of Arctic cod driven by climate change. This necessitates an improved understanding of the environmental drivers of their foraging habitat suitability to make predictions on the consequences of climate change and to inform management decisions. We incorporated animal behaviour into habitat suitability models through comparing the locations of dives associated with foraging with randomly selected locations to quantify summer habitat preferences. We tested whether environmental drivers associated with foraging dives varied between months (July/August) and years (2018/2019). Seafloor depth (350 to 750 m) was the most important variable determining foraging habitat suitability and was consistent between years. Studies on beluga diet alongside these results suggest that foraging habitat suitability is primarily driven by the presence of Arctic cod. Belugas consistently targeted bathymetric regimes irrespective of ice conditions, suggesting that sites in the Beaufort Sea and Arctic Archipelago may maintain suitable foraging habitat under near-future changes in sea ice. As vessel traffic is predicted to increase in these regions as seasonal sea ice declines, these results can be incorporated into management decisions to identify areas of conservation interest to mitigate possible acoustic threats to beluga whales.
Limited short-term impact of lemming grazing on vascular plants under experimentally reduced predation in the High Arctic
Authors: Gauthier Gilles , Slevan-Tremblay Guillaume , Fauteux Dominique , Lévesque Esther
Published: February 2025

Population fluctuations of lemmings in the High Arctic appear to be driven by predator-prey interactions. However, lemming grazing can sometimes have a strong impact on the vegetation during population peaks, suggesting a possible role of plant-herbivore interactions. We use a large-scale experiment where predators were excluded to investigate if predator reduction could have cascading effects on the vegetation through an increase in lemming densities in the Canadian Arctic. Morphological traits and biomass of Salix arctica and the biomass of Poaceae and Juncaceae were sampled inside and outside lemming exclosures. We detected signs of lemming grazing on the number of buds and catkins of S. arctica at snowmelt, and stem length, stem growth and number of leaves during the summer but the impact was relatively small. We did not detect an impact of grazing on plant biomass during the summer. We also found limited evidence that the impact of grazing was higher in the predator exclosure even though lemming density increased up to two-fold. Our results suggest that the short-term impact of lemming on vascular plants is relatively small and that an experimental increase in lemming density did not have a cascading effect on the plants consumed by these herbivores.
Research on the Path of Intelligent Construction of Medical Centers Driven by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Biaokang
Published: February 2025

The construction of medical centers demands the integration of advanced technologies for accurate cost estimation, resource allocation, and workflow optimization, making these tasks increasingly intricate. Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a revolutionary role by enabling sophisticated path preparation and even prediction. AI-driven methodologies, including machine learning (ML) algorithms and intelligent path planning systems, were explored to optimize construction process and expenditure assessment. 200 medical center construction project datasets were utilized, with preprocessing stages utilizing mean imputation for absent data, min-max scaling to normalize, and dimension decrease by applying principle component analysis (PCA). The usage of AI-based path planning techniques is implemented for resource optimization, reducing construction delay, and site logistics optimization. Furthermore, it developed the Smart Tasmanian Devil-Enhanced Adaptive Gradient Boosting System (STD-AGB) that reached a direct cost assessment accuracy of 97% in the early stage of project initiation. The 12 critical factors affecting cost and construction efficiency included site preparation and electrical works, which demonstrated standard percentage errors of 8.02% and 5.11%, respectively. Such consequences underscore the probable responsibility of AI in refining path planning so that improved outcomes can be achieved and innovation in the intelligent construction of medical centers can be encouraged. A strong framework for integrating AI into healthcare infrastructure development, guarantee optimal workflows and reduced risk, was further established.
Intelligent Data Analysis Using Machine Learning for Predictive Maintenance in Big Data Environment
Authors: Ma Xiangfen
Published: February 2025

Predictive Maintenance (PdM) in industrial systems is crucial for minimizing downtime and reducing operational costs. Additionally, the model’s computational complexity could hinder its scalability in large, real-time data environments, limiting its applicability in some industrial settings. This study aims to enhance PdM through the integration of the Stochastic Fractal Search algorithm with Enriched Support Vector Regression (SFS-ESVR) to improve model performance in predicting machine failures in a big data environment. The dataset includes real-time industrial sensor data, including equipment performance metrics, failure records, and environmental factors. Data preprocessing involves cleaning the raw sensor data by removing outliers and filling missing values. [Formula: see text]-score normalization is employed to standardize the data, ensuring consistency and improving the performance of machine learning simulations in PdM tasks. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is used for feature extraction, reducing dimensionality and enhancing the model’s ability to differentiate between normal and failure events. SFS optimization algorithm is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the ESVR model, improving its performance in predicting machine failures. The SFS-ESVR model was implemented in Python. Evaluation metrics include accuracy ([Formula: see text]%), precision ([Formula: see text]%), recall ([Formula: see text]%), and [Formula: see text] score ([Formula: see text]%), demonstrating the model’s effectiveness in predicting failures and optimizing maintenance schedules for industrial systems. A comparative analysis is performed with other existing algorithms, and the outcome demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed model for PdM in a big data environment.
An Automatic Scoring Method for Vocal Singing Based on Approximate Matching Algorithm
Authors: Qianqian Ye
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the performance of approximate matching algorithm in large-scale music hum retrieval system is studied. In order to support the comparative study of several approximate matching algorithms, an algorithm independent test platform is developed. The basic algorithms studied include suffix tree, Hidden Markov Model (HMM), edit distance, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and unilateral continuous matching (OSCM). The music database used for the test included several datasets. By constructing 1500 different types of error query methods, a large number of experiments are carried out on the three algorithms, and their performance is analyzed and evaluated. The experimental results show that the algorithm based on unilateral continuous matching not only has a fast query speed, but also has a query accuracy of 100% when the user hum only contains the same direction as the melody contour error. When a user’s buzz contained two or fewer errors that were contrary to the melody’s outline, the median rate for the top 10 was about 90%. It is a query algorithm suitable for large cellular retrieval systems. Characteristic parameters such as pitch intensity, pitch and respiration of the test vocal music and the Corresponding original sound were extracted, and each parameter was compared by the feature matching method, and an objective score was given according to the similarity degree through the scoring mechanism. The establishment of objective evaluation system of multimedia vocal music improves the intuitiveness and interactivity of Chinese vocal music teaching. The simulation results show that the algorithm complexity is low and the score is consistent with the subjective feeling.
A Study on the Integration of Online Classroom Teaching Resources in Universities under the “Dual Carbon” Goals
Authors: He Xifeng , Wang Ziyan
Published: February 2025

In the context of achieving the “dual carbon” goals, integrating online educational resources in universities presents a unique opportunity to enhance sustainability while promoting energy-efficient practices. Motivated by the urgent need to optimize resource utilization and reduce carbon footprint in the educational sector, this study introduces a novel integration method for online classroom teaching resources, leveraging an advanced multi-label classification algorithm through Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Our approach significantly improves the precision of resource categorization, facilitating more effective recycling and reducing energy consumption associated with digital learning platforms. The design of the algorithm specifically addresses the dual goals of maximizing resource reuse and minimizing energy consumption by optimizing data processing and storage strategies. Through rigorous experimentation, including comparative analysis with existing methods, our results excel in classification accuracy, resource efficiency and energy savings. This research not only offers a practical framework for sustainable online educational resource management but also contributes to the broader goal of reducing the environmental impact of digital education systems, aligning with global carbon reduction initiatives.
Time-dependent Dunkl–Schrödinger equation with an angular-dependent potential
Authors: Lütfüoğlu B. C. , Benchikha A. , Hamil B. , Khantoul B.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate the analytical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency, coupled with angular-dependent potential energy by utilizing the Dunkl derivatives. To obtain the solution, we employ the Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant methodology. Our approach broadens the scope of quantum mechanical analyses, offering exact solutions and new insights into dynamic quantum systems under varying conditions.
A novel gradient multi-Helmholtz cavities muffler for low-frequency broad bandgaps
Authors: Shao Hanbo , Hang XiaoChen , Jiang Dong
Published: February 2025

We proposed a gradient multi-Helmholtz cavities muffler for low-frequency broad bandgaps. The simulation and experiment results of our analysis claimed that this structure can reduce noise in resonance frequency, and the range of absorption frequency is enlarged with the number of cavities increase, almost 24.75 times that of one cavity. The transmission loss around the center frequency also increases from 45[Formula: see text]dB to 100[Formula: see text]dB. In addition, the relationship between noise attenuation and the distance of the cavities is also studied. Results show a deeper valley appears in the transmission loss curve with an increase of the distance, which greatly affects the sound absorption performance.
Does Tax Enforcement Have a Spillover Effect on Qualitative Disclosure? Evidence From Tone Management in the MD&A
Authors: Kuo Nan-Ting , Du Ya-Guang , Lee Cheng-Few
Published: February 2025

Synopsis

The research problem

Our study explores the association between tax enforcement and tone management in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A).

Motivation

Prior studies have shown that tax enforcement influences financial reporting due to the tax authority’s scrutiny of financial statements to detect tax evasion, which deters financial reporting manipulation. However, the spillover effect of tax enforcement on qualitative disclosures remains unexplored. Motivated by the relevance of MD&A as a comprehensive discussion of a firm’s conditions and a target for manipulation, we investigate the association between tax enforcement and tone management.

The test hypotheses

We test two competing hypotheses: increased tax enforcement is associated with more tone management, and it is associated with lesser tone management.

Target population

Our study should be of interest to corporate stakeholders, including managers, investors, regulatory authorities, and policymakers.

Adopted methodology

Ordinary least squares regressions, staggered difference-in-differences model, and path analysis.

Analysis

Our study explores a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2008 to 2020. We measure tone management using Huang et al.’s [(2014). Tone management. The Accounting Review, 89(3), 1083–1113. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50684 ] model, which regresses the tone level in MD&A on firm fundamentals, and use the discretionary tone portion as a proxy. Tone level is calculated as the difference between the number of positive and negative sentiment words divided by their sum.

Findings

We find that increased tax enforcement is associated with lesser tone management. Path analysis shows that this effect is driven by constraints on earnings management and enhanced accounting conservatism, suggesting that tax enforcement improves financial reporting quality, which in turn disciplines disclosure tone. Cross-sectional tests further indicate that the effect of increased tax enforcement varies with tax compliance levels, managerial incentives to influence investor perceptions, and external monitoring.
Climate Data Practices: A Research Approach for HCI and Climate Justice
Authors: Soden Robert , Agrawaal Taneea S , Lord Austin , Chanen Cassandra , Flawn Lillian , Seaifan Zeina , Classens Michael , Easterbrook Steve
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces climate data practices as a conceptual lens for HCI research and design toward social and environmental justice. We offer a working definition of this approach, which we locate at the intersection of critical data studies and practice theory. Drawing from a collaborative and multi-sited study of activists, city staff and non-profit organizations, we present six examples of climate data practices as a means of illustrating the approach as well as the diversity of issues that it may usefully surface. Through these examples, we demonstrate that a data practices approach foregrounds the local, relational, and plural qualities of climate data. Finally, we connect data practices to two related concepts – scenes and infrastructures – which together offer a framework to guide critical interrogation of the social and political life of data, and support the design of data practices that serve broader goals of social and environmental justice.
Practical Modelling with Bigraphs
Authors: Archibald Blair , Calder Muffy , Sevegnani Michele
Published: February 2025

Bigraphs are a versatile modelling formalism that allows easy expression of placement and connectivity relations in a graphical format. System evolution is user defined as a set of rewrite rules. This paper presents a practical, yet detailed guide to developing, executing, and reasoning about bigraph models, including recent extensions such as parameterised, instantaneous, prioritised and conditional rules, and probabilistic and stochastic rewriting.
Investigating the Impact of Various Binder Contents and Compression on Graphite Single-Electrode Dilatometry Measurements
Authors: Kücher Simon , Durdel Axel , Schabenberger Tom , Spingler Franz B. , Reuter Lennart , Jossen Andreas
Published: February 2025

Knowledge about how particle volume changes impact the electrode thickness and microstructural properties like porosity, especially as a function of binder types and contents, is crucial to improving battery design. Single-electrode electrochemical dilatometry provides insights into electrode thickness change during operation. However, commercially available setups have yet to be able to apply sufficient pressure on electrodes to replicate conditions in commercial batteries. This work aims to incorporate a wave spring washer into a commercially available single-electrode electrochemical dilatometer to apply additional force onto the working electrode. Using this setup, the impact of the binder composition on electrode thickness change was investigated using graphite electrodes with different amounts and ratios of styrene-butadiene rubber and carboxymethyl cellulose. It was shown that the electrode volume change is consistently lower than that of the crystallites as obtained by X-ray diffraction in the literature. It is further demonstrated that irreversible thickness change decreases with increasing binder content, indicating that a higher binder content helps prevent particle restructuring during cycling. Lastly, the modified setup exhibits significantly higher reliability than the commercial setup with low pressure, which we relate to electrode bending during lithiation.
Effect of Vanadium Trioxide Catalyst on the Chemical Mechanical Polishing Performance on SiC–Si Facets
Authors: Yue zehao , Luo Chong , Wang Chenwei , Zhou Jianwei , Liu Wenbo
Published: February 2025

As a third-generation semiconductor, silicon carbide (SiC) is extensively utilized in photovoltaic power generation, 5G communication, and new energy vehicles. However, the current method for the chemical mechanical polishing of SiC exhibits low material removal rates (MRRs) and suboptimal surface quality postpolishing. To address these challenges, we developed in this study a slurry that reduced the surface roughness of SiC–Si facets from 3.55 to 0.048 nm, achieving a MRR of 169 nm/h. The core removal mechanism involves a V2O3-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction to convert H2O2 into ·OH radicals for the rapid oxidation of the SiC–Si facets, which produces a softer oxide layer that is subsequently removed by the mechanical action of abrasives. Consequently, ultrasmooth SiC–Si facets with no visible scratches were obtained. On the basis of ultraviolet–visible spectral photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, we propose a catalytic oxidation mechanism leading to high-quality surfaces on the SiC–Si facets. In addition, the identification of the active sites of the reaction by means of simulations further validates the polishing mechanism.
Tuning the Radiation Shielding Properties of Lead and Bismuth-Modified Borotellurite Glasses
Authors: Al Huwayz Maryam , Almuqrin Aljawhara , Alharbi F.F. , Sayyed M.I. I , Albarzan B
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the radiation shielding properties of gamma photons for lead and bismuth-modified borotellurite glasses at certain energy values in the 0.122–0.867 MeV range. The investigated glasses' mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) was evaluated, with the results revealing that the MAC of all the samples was the highest at 0.122 MeV. The glass sample with lowest percentage concentration of Bi2O3 and PbO2 has lower MAC than the other glasses. The glasses' linear attenuation coefficient varied in the 4.579–8.273 cm-1 range at 0.122 MeV, with the results emphasizing that Bi2O3 and PbO2 addition leads to an improvement in the glasses' radiation shielding effectiveness. Investigation of the glasses' half-value layer (HVL) found a decrease with increased density. The HVL varied between 1.92 and 2.49 cm at 0.779 MeV. A positive relation between the Bi2O3 and PbO2 amount and the glasses' attenuation performance was found through the effective atomic number (Zeff) results, with the highest Zeff recorded for the glass with 11 mol% of both Bi2O3 and PbO2. The transmission factor (TF) of the glasses was calculated, with the results demonstrating an improved attenuation ability with increased sample thickness, and as the Bi2O3 and PbO2 concentration increased, the TF values decreased.
Figure 3 from Acetalax and Bisacodyl for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Combined Molecular and Preclinical Study
Authors: Reinhold William C. , Marangoni Elisabetta , Elloumi Fathi , Montagne Remi , Varma Sudhir , Wang Yanghsin , Rezai Keyvan , Morriset Ludivine , Dahmani Ahmed , El Botty Rania , Huguet Léa , Mizunuma Makito , Takebe Naoko , Huguet Samuel , Luna Augustin , Pommier Yves
Published: February 2025

In vivo response to Acetalax and bisacodyl in PDX models of TNBC. A, In vivo antitumor effect of Acetalax administered at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg in the HBCx-158 PDX model. Mean ± standard deviation (n = 4–6 mice/group). ****, P < 0.0001 (Kruskal–Wallis test). B, Waterfall plot showing the percentage of tumor volume changes in xenografts treated with Acetalax (200 mg/kg) in 18 different PDX models. Each bar represents a single mouse. C, In vivo response of HBCx-158 to carboplatin (90 mg/kg), paclitaxel (25 mg/kg), and capecitabine (540 mg/kg) chemotherapies. D, In vivo antitumor activity of bisacodyl administered at 200 and 300 mg/kg in the HBCx-158 PDX model. Mean ± standard deviation (n = 4–6 mice/group). E, Waterfall plot showing the percentage of tumor volume changes in xenografts treated by bisacodyl (200 mg/kg) from eight different PDX models. Each bar represents a single mouse. For both B and E, the responses are grouped into three categories, with the top being resistant, the middle inhibition or stabilization, and the bottom regression. For A, C, and D, the y-axis units are log10.
A proteomic signature for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma predicts patients at high risk of recurrence
Authors: Jackson Christopher C. , Liu Jia (Jenny) , Liu Howard Y. , Williams Steven G. , Anees Asim , Noor Zainab , Lucas Natasha , Xavier Dylan , Hains Peter G. , Bucio-Noble Daniel , Aref Adel T. , Porceddu Sandro V. , Ladwa Rahul , Whitfield Joseph , Reddel Roger R. , Zhong Qing , Panizza Benedict J. , Robinson Phillip J.
Published: February 2025

Although HPV-positive OPSCC is associated with better prognosis than HPV-negative disease, ~30% of cases relapse despite curative-intent radiotherapy (+/- chemotherapy). We aimed to develop a proteomic signature associated with risk of recurrence within HPV+OPSCC. We analysed tumor specimens from 124 patients with T1-4N0-3M0 HPV+OPSCC: 50 patients with residual or recurrent disease within 5 years of treatment and 74 age and performance-status matched patients with no recurrence. Proteomic analysis was performed on archival FFPE primary tumor core biopsy specimens and matched normal adjacent tissues (NAT) using quantitative data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). Recurrence-free survival (RFS), both locoregional and distant, was the primary endpoint. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified peptides associated with RFS, from which a risk score was established to generate a peptide-based signature. A total of 7,597 protein groups were identified across the cohort of which 1,565 were differentially abundant between tumor and NAT, with 1,218 being significantly increased in tumors. Improved 5-year RFS (q-value <0.5) was associated with 405 differentially abundant peptides (from 233 unique proteins) within the 124 tumors. Among them a 26-peptide signature encompassing 26 protein groups was associated with RFS and was able to stratify patients into low, intermediate, or high risk of recurrence (concordance index=0.941, p < 0.0001). Data available via ProteomeXchange PXD036891. Overall, a 26-peptide signature can be used to risk stratify HPV+OPSCC. Validation of this proteomic prognostic signature in an independent cohort is required to assess its potential use in future clinical trials to better tailor initial therapy.