bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Các yếu tố liên quan đến kiến thức về bệnh đái tháo đường thai kỳ ở thai phụ đến khám thai tại Khoa Sản, Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hải Phòng năm 2021
Authors: Linh Nguyễn Thị Thùy , Thắm Nguyễn Thị , Mến Vũ Thị , Anh Nguyễn Thế , Đức Cáp Minh
Published: June 2022

Tỉ lệ mắc đái tháo đường thai kỳ (ĐTĐTK) trên toàn cầu đang gia tăng, đặc biệt là các quốc gia thuộc khuvực Đông Nam Á. ĐTĐTK ảnh hưởng rất lớn tới sức khỏe của bà mẹ cũng như của thai nhi. Nghiên cứucắt ngang nhằm mô tả một số yếu tố liên quan đến kiến thức của phụ nữ mang thai về ĐTĐTK được thựchiện tại Khoa Sản, Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hải Phòng từ tháng 1 đến tháng 6 năm 2021. Kết quả cho thấy: Tỉlệ phụ nữ mang thai có kiến thức đạt về ĐTĐTK là 21,7%. Các yếu tố liên quan đến kiến thức về ĐTĐTKở phụ nữ mang thai là nghề nghiệp làm công ăn lương (OR = 3,1; 95%CI: 1,48 - 6,51; p < 0,01); tiền sửbản thân mắc ĐTĐTK (OR = 5,1; 95%CI: 1,27 - 20,51; p < 0,05); nhận được tư vấn khi đi khám thai (OR =12,65; 95%CI: 1,68 - 95,16; p < 0,05). Tỉ lệ phụ nữ có thai có kiến thức đạt về ĐTĐTK là rất thấp. Cán bộy tế cần tăng cường tư vấn để nâng cao kiến thức về bệnh cho phụ nữ có thai.
Thực trạng chăm sóc và biến chứng sau đặt sonde niệu đạo – bàng quang ở người bệnh sau phẫu thuật nội soi tăng sinh lành tính tuyến tiền liệt tại Bệnh viện Việt Tiệp, Hải Phòng 2021
Authors: Hương Nguyễn Thị Thu , Hương Phạm Thị Thu , Anh Đỗ Thị Lan
Published: June 2022

Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục tiêu mô tả thực trạng chăm sóc sonde niệu đạo bàng quang ở người bệnh sau phẫu thuật nội soi tăng sinh lành tính tuyến tiền liệt tại khoa Ngoại Thận – Tiết niệu, Bệnh viện Việt Tiệp năm 2021. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang với tổng số 78 người bệnh được thu thập. Kết quả cho thấy, trong số 78 người bệnh sau phẫu thuật nội soi tăng sinh lành tính tuyến tiền liệt có tới 50,8% người bệnh ở độ tuổi 71 - 80. Nguyên nhân chủ yếu đặt lại thông/thay sonde do máu cục gây tắc ống chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất 74,3%. Số người bệnh phải bơm rửa sonde niệu đạo bàng quang ít nhất 1 lần chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất 39,7%. Thời gian lưu và rút sonde theo quy định chỉ chiếm khoảng 23%, trong khi đó thời gian lưu sonde 8 - 10 ngày là phổ biến chiếm tỷ lệ khoảng 60%. Người bệnh xuất hiện biến chứng có đái buốt/đái rắt là phổ biến nhất sau rút sonde chiếm tỉ lệ 35,8%. Có mối liên quan giữa biến chứng sau rút sonde và thời gian lưu sonde với p < 0,05.
Effectiveness of impressed current cathodic protection system on underground steel Engen refinery transfer lines system
Authors:   , Dube Lizwe
Published: June 2022

This study investigated to determine the effectiveness of impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) on protecting Engen underground steel transfer lines from corrosion. These lines have a history of leaks aggravated by stray currents from a direct current (DC) traction system. The main challenge facing the organisation under study is to find a solution to this situation. Different types of field surveys and simulations were performed, such as pipe-to-electrolyte or soil “ON” spot potential, DC stray current, close interval potential (CIPS), direct current voltage gradient (DCVG), transformer rectifier unit (TRU) performance, soil resistivity, alternating current (AC) interference, anode ground bed (AGB) performance, instant OFF pipe-to-soil potential. Surveys were categorised into two groups. These were baseline and post-surveys. The main objective was to check the difference or deviation from previous results. Baseline surveys were done before upgrading the anode ground beds at Swamp, Checkers, and Travancore TRU locations. Post-surveys were performed after the upgrade of anode ground beds (AGB’s) on the above-mentioned locations to validate the reliability of the anode upgrades. Some of the cathodic protection (CP) polarisation criteria standards such as NACE 0169, TM0497, TM0102, RP0285, PDO-65-12, 0SAES-X-400, ADNOC, ISO 15589-1, API were used as a reference during the field survey and simulation data collection, data analysis, conclusions and recommendations. The underground pipelines that have aging coating will show and will demand a high cathodic protection current to comply with CP underground structure polarisation criteria. By performing CIPS, DCVG, DC stray current, anode ground bed performance and instant “OFF” pipe-to-soil polarisation surveys, it was possible to gauge the transfer lines’ coating status, anode ground bed status, defect locations and entry points of stray current. These surveys also contributed to making effective conclusions and recommendations for the organisation to have a safe, reliable Engen steel underground transfer lines system.
Use of scientific ergonomic programs to improve organisational performance
Authors:   , Roopnarain Riashna
Published: June 2022

The packaging industry is characterised by ineffective ergonomic programs that are inadequately implemented thereby failing to yield benefits for the organisations. The study aims to determine an effective scientific ergonomic program that focuses on improving the organisation's overall performance by aligning these programs with the organisation's business strategy. A quantitative research methodology with a questionnaire as the research instrument was adopted for this study. A quantitative analysis was conducted at two sites of a liquid packaging company in South Africa using a sample of 70 participants from the production and engineering departments. The data collected in this study were analysed with descriptive statistics. The findings on the anthropometric and physiological factors revealed that the employees at the packaging sites were generally satisfied with the workstation design. However, it was found that several factors hindered the effective implementation of ergonomics in the packaging industry, and these include awareness in the subject of ergonomics, job task design, human-computer interaction, disconnection between employees and organisational strategies and poor implementation of anthropometric and physiological factors. The findings on the factors related to illumination also revealed that the light reflections, shadows, or flicker from the fluorescent tubes could be prevented. Additionally, a high percentage of the respondents also disapproved of the current lighting conditions that need to be addressed to prevent any risk of injury or poor performance related to lighting and illumination. The findings also demonstrated that there was a need for an improvement plan concerning noise and vibration at the packaging sites. It was also found that there is a huge gap in knowledge about the basic principles and fundamentals of ergonomics. While most workers understood their job expectations none of them understood how factors such as safety procedures, operational performance, and employee best practices fitted into the bigger picture of the organisation. An effective ergonomic program that incorporated systems engineering risk assessment methodology, was developed, embracing a probability of occurrence matrix, ratings of criticality and rating of consequences. It was recommended that the organisation should train employees on ergonomics best practices to create an effective program that will address operational gaps and enhance the organisation's overall performance.
PSİKOLOJİ, SOSYOLOJİ VE TURİZM ALANLARININ BİRBİRLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÇAM Oğuz , ÇELİK Cengiz
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, psikoloji, sosyoloji ve turizm alanlarının birbirleri arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir. Geleneksel derleme tipinde olan bu çalışma, farklı bilimlerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerinin ortaya konulması ve farklı bilimlerin literatürünü zenginleştirecek bilgiler içermesi bakımından kayda değer bir niteliğe sahiptir. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle psikoloji, sosyoloji ve turizm kavramları, ardından ise bu kavramların birbirleriyle ilişkisi ele alınmaktadır. Psikoloji, sosyoloji ve turizm bilimlerinin birbirleri arasında önemli bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bu ilişkiye önemli bir açıklık getirmek gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Turizmin merkez konumunda insanlar yer almakta, insanların da çeşitli düşünce, duygu, davranış ve tutumları üzerinde psikolojik ve sosyolojik etkenler önemli rol oynamaktadır. İnsan, varoluş zamanı itibarıyla karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. İnsanın bu karmaşık yapısının net bir şekilde çözümlenmesi oldukça güçtür. İnsanın karmaşık yapısının anlaşılması noktasında psikoloji ve sosyoloji bilimlerinden sıkça yararlanılmaktadır. İnsanların psikolojik ve sosyolojik gelişimleri, turizm talebinin seyri açısından olabildiğince önemlidir. Turistik hareketler, turistlerin istek ve gereksinimleri çerçevesinde şekillenmektedir. Turistlerin istek ve gereksinimleri de kendilerinin psikolojik ve sosyolojik durumlarına göre farklılık kazanabilmektedir.
CNN-Based Approach for Overlapping Erythrocyte Counting and Cell Type Classification in Peripheral Blood Images
Authors: PALA Muhammed Ali , ÇİMEN Murat Erhan , YILDIZ Mustafa Zahid , ÇETİNEL Gökçen , AVCIOĞLU Emir , ALACA Yusuf
Published: June 2022

Classification and counting of cells in the blood is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases in the clinic. A peripheral blood smear method is a fast, reliable, robust diagnostic tool for examining blood samples. However, cell overlap during the peripheral smear process may cause incorrectly predicted results in counting blood cells and classifying cell types. The overlapping problem can occur in automated systems and manual inspections by experts. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) provide reliable results for the segmentation and classification of many problems in the medical field. However, creating ground truth labels in the data during the segmentation process is time-consuming and error-prone. This study proposes a new CNN-based strategy to eliminate the overlap-induced counting problem in peripheral smear blood samples and accurately determine the blood cell type. In the proposed method, images of the peripheral blood were divided into sub-images, block by block, using adaptive image processing techniques to identify the overlapping cells and cell types. CNN was used to classify cell types and overlapping cell numbers in sub-images. The proposed method successfully counts overlapping erythrocytes and determines the cell type with an accuracy rate of 99.73\%. The results of the proposed method have shown that it can be used efficiently in various fields.
Hacla İlgili Âyetlerin İşârî Yorumu: Letâ’ifü’l-İşârât Örneği
Authors: BAYRAM Enver
Published: June 2022

Bu makalede Kuşeyrî’nin, hacla ilgili âyetleri yorumlarken işârî tefsiri kullanımının mahiyetini ve bu bağlamda âyetleri te'vil biçimini inceleyeceğiz. Tarihsel süreçte müfessirlerin, mensup oldukları ekolün ilkelerini Kur’ân yorumunda dikkate aldıkları görülmektedir. Bu ekollerden biri olan işârî tefsir okulunda müfessirler zâhirİ anlamın yanı sıra bâtınî (işârî) mânaya da yer vermiştir. Hatta kimi zaman bu müfessirler zâhiri anlamdan ziyade işârî mânayı önceleyebilmiştir. Bu ekole mensup müfessirlerden biri de Kuşeyrî’dir. Kuşeyrî, işârî tefsir alanında özgün yorum biçimi geliştiren ender müfessirlerdendir. Onun sûfî bir müfessir olmasının rolü bunda yadsınamaz. O, tefsirinde itikâd ve muamelatla ilgili konular yanında ibadetle alakalı hususlarda da işârî yorumlara yer vermiştir. Benzer biçimde müfessir, hac ile ilgili âyetlerin tefsirinde işârî yorumu ön plana çıkarmakta; zâhiri anlamı ikincil olarak değerlendirmektedir. Kuşeyrî hac ibadeti ile ilgili yaptığı işârî yorumları Allah’a yakınlaşma vesilesi olarak değerlendirmiştir. Kuşeyrî’ye göre hac ibadetini yerine getiren kimse çeşitli makamlardan geçerek Allah’a ulaşma noktasında mesafe kat edecektir. Ancak hac ibadetini ifa etmeyenler bu imkândan mahrum kalacaktır. Bu çalışmada Kuşeyrî’nin Letâ’ifü’l-işârât adlı tefsirinde yer alan hacla alakalı işârî yorumlar ele alınacaktır. Öncelikle işârî tefsirin tanımı ve mahiyetine yönelik kısa bir bilgi verilip ardından da Kuşeyrî’nin hac ile ilgili âyetler hakkında yaptığı işârî yorumlar incelenecektir. Bunun yanında tefsirinde geçen bazı tasavvufî kavramlar da açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.
Lise Öğrencilerinde Merhamet ve Dindarlık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: PÜR İlyas
Published: June 2022

PPsikoloji literatüründe sıklıkla adı geçen merhamet, bilimsel araştırmalara konu olmasına rağmen genellikle göz ardı edilmiş bir duygu türüdür. Bu alanda yapılan çalışmaların az olması bu durumun bir işareti olabilir. Buna sebep olarak ise Batı dünyasında yapılan psikoloji çalışmalarının daha ziyade pozitivist bir temele dayanması ve başlangıçta psikoloji bilimi ile uğraşan bilim adamlarının psikanalizin tesirinde kalmaları gösterilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı merhamet ile dindarlık arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesidir. Çalışmanın örneklemi Mersin ilinin farklı liselerinde öğrenim görmekte olan 374 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada ölçme araçları olarak kişisel bilgi formu, merhamet ölçeği ve dinî yaşayış ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada öncelikle bazı demografik değişkenler ile merhamet ve dinî yaşayış arasındaki ilişkilere bakılmış, daha sonra merhamet ve dinî yaşayış arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: Kızların merhamet ve dinî yaşayış düzeyleri erkeklerinkinden anlamlı derecede daha yüksektir. Yaş değişkeninde gruplar arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Okul türü bakımından imam-hatip lisesi öğrencilerinin dinî yaşayış düzeyleri diğer lisedeki öğrencilerden anlamlı derecede yüksektir. Merhamet ile dinî yaşayış arasında ise pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur.
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF RED CHILI FARMING IN SIDODADI RAMUNIA, BERINGIN SUB-DISTRICT
Authors: Pirngadi Rahmat Suryanto , Sukapiring Dewi Novina , Utami Khairuna , Depari Nelfita Rizka S
Published: June 2022

Farming is a science that studies how a person coordinates and cultivates production factors in the form of land and the natural surroundings as capital so that they can provide the best possible benefits. Farming feasibility analysis is a study to observe and analyze the feasibility of a business, which observes several parameters about whether or not a business is feasible. The business can be said to be feasible if the profits obtained can cover all the costs used in the form of direct and indirect costs. This study aims to analyze the feasibility level of red chili farming in Sidodadi Ramunia Village, Beringin Sub-District, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatera. The method used in this research is the method of sampling, interviews and questionnaires, data from parties or related agencies that have the authority to collect data related to the object of research. The results showed that based on the value of the Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio) this business was not feasible because it did not provide benefits to the red chili farmers in Sidodadi Ramunia Village, while based on the value of the Revenue Cost Ratio (R/CRatio) red chili farming was feasible. to be cultivated because the revenue received is greater than the total costs incurred by the red chili farmers in Sidodadi Ramunia Village.
Digitalno nasilje prema ženama: izloženost i rizici
Authors: Filipović Aleksandar
Published: June 2022

Nasilje je u prirodi, pa samim tim i u ljudskom rodu, jedan od osnovnih načina ostvarivanja ciljeva i pokazivanja nadmoći. Ono što ljude odvaja od životinja je uređeni društveni sistem u kome žive i koji razvijaju, i čija je jedna od osnovnih funkcija da zaštiti svakog člana društva od, generalno rečeno, zla koje je imanentno ljudskoj prirodi. Stepen civilizacijskog razvoja se može meriti i stepenom zaštićenosti svakog pojedinca od nasilja onog ko je jači, i u stepenu distribucije pravde za sve. Stoga, ukoliko posmatramo savremeno društvo, kao i njegove prethodne iteracije, možemo da zaključimo da uprkos određenim pomacima, ljudska civilizacija još nije dostigla zadovoljavajući nivo. Tehnološki razvoj je doneo brojne promene, i uz sve što je dobro i što je izmenilo način na koji se odvija život na Zemlji, taj razvoj je istovremeno delovao kao katalizator za problem koji postoji bezmalo koliko i ljudska civilizacija, a to je nasilje nad ženama, koje je u digitalno doba dobilo novu formu koju zovemo digitalno nasilje. Cilj ovog rada je da istraži odrednice, stanje, rasprostranjenost i forme digitalnog nasilja nad ženama, sa osnovnom hipotezom da je rodna neravnopravnost, duboko ukorenjena u ljudske odnose kroz čitavu istoriju i prisutna u skoro svakom aspektu ljudskog života i aktivnosti, glavni uzročnik disproporcije u rodnoj distribuciji žrtava digitalnog nasilja.
‘Magnetic Virtue’
Authors: Llano Manuel
Published: June 2022

While autograph alba originally appeared as memorabilia of student life, it is often argued that the possibility of boosting their owner’s reputation by association with leading scholars led to their careerist exploitation during the seventeenth century. In German universities, aspiring academics would seek out the most renowned luminaries in the world of learning, and even established scholars would on occasion keep an album with signatures of eminent peers. This article assesses the influence of this practice in Dutch universities and considers whether a careerist use of autograph alba existed in the Dutch Republic, through an exploration of some quantitative trends in the Dutch National Library’s (KB) inventory of autograph alba and the union catalogue Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA).
Afterword
Authors: Schnabel Werner Wilhelm
Published: June 2022

Reflections on the special issue 'A Renaissance for Alba Amicorum Research'
The instantaneous growth rate of maricultured Sparedentix hasta (Valenciennes, 1830) and Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Zainal Khadija , Altuama Rawda
Published: June 2022

The growth rate of two seabream species, was monitored during 2017. Seabreams Sparedentix hasta and Sparus aurata, were collected at age of 26 to 159 days and at 47 to 173 days for S. hasta and S. aurata respectively. The data obtained for age groups 47 to 159 days were used for comparison between the two species given 600 and 510 individuals for each species. They were raised from eggs under controlled ambient environmental conditions at the National Mariculture in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Early larvae were fed on live food such as Artemia and the fingerlings were fed on commercial feed. Weekly abiotic monitoring indicated that these species could tolerate slight fluctuations in these factors. Dissolved oxygen concentrations, in particular, ranged between 3.4 and 6 mg/l indicating their tolerance of occasional lower oxygen availability. The growth rate was exponential during the monitoring time. The linear correlations between body mass and body length were significant. Although some data indicated that the European seabream, S. aurata, can grow significantly faster (P≤ 0.05) than S. hasta, at certain age. In general, S. hasta had a higher instantaneous growth rate (Specific Growth Rate, SGR%). For example, SGR% was 20.29 from 54 to 61 days, whereas S. aurta had a value of 4.48%. SGR% ranged from 0.1 to 20.3% for S. hasta and from 0.2 to 19 % for S. aurata. Morphologically, S. aurata appears to have a more rounded and shorter body, but the native species, S. hasta, grows significantly longer and heavier. The differences in the rates of growth decreased with time as their body masses increased. There is an inverse relationship between body mass and the specific growth rate in both species. Monitoring SGR% using body mass or body length is one of the most useful indicators of production in mariculture. Attention needs to be considered however, to the husbandry and wellbeing of the cultured species.
Teologi Penciptaan dan kitab Ayub 3:1-10
Authors: Bangun Bastanta Pradhana
Published: June 2022

Matriks teologis utama yang di dalamnya kitab Ayub menanggapi masalah penderitaan adalah tentang penciptaan. Untuk itu penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research), terhadap berbagai sumber data seperti penelitian terdahulu dan referensi tafsiran yang dimana akan berfokus kepada pertanyaan yakni bagaimanakah korelasi antara  Ayub 3: 1-10  dengan teologi penciptaan dalam Kejadian 1:1-2:4a? Hasil penelitian mengenai korelasi teologi penciptaan dalam Kejadian 1: 1-2: 4a dalam Ayub 3:1-10 ini ialah merupakan sebuah usaha pengembangan teologi yang dilakukan pada saat itu dan motif penciptaan dalam Ayub 3:1-10 ini memaknainya dari sudut pandang pesimis, berbanding terbalik dengan optimisme yang diusung dalam Kejadian 1:1-2:4a dan korelasi inipun membuka suatu nuansa yang baru untuk melihat sebuah hubungan relasional antara manusia dan Tuhan dalam menghadapi tantangan hidup yang semakin sulit atau kompleks.
Pekabaran Injil dalam konteks multikultural
Authors: Pardede Rio Janto , Yatmini Yatmini , Uling Manintiro
Published: June 2022

Teologi merupakan dasar hidup aplikatif dalam bermurtikultural artinya teologi harus dapat diaplikasikan dalam konteks majemuk, selain berbicara tentang ajaran Tuhan juga berbicara antara relasi antara Allah dengan dunia dan manusia, relasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Allah sendiri bermultikultural atau masuk ketengah-tengah konteks budaya manusia, seharusnya demikian juga  antara manusia dengan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apa yang dimaksud dengan pekabaran Injil dalam konteks multikulktural dan sejauhmana penginjilan multikultural yang dilakukan Yesus kepada perempuan Samaria dapat diterapkan dalam konteks multikultural. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode analisis isi yaitu untuk memukan makna kata yang ada dalam Alkitab. Hasil temuan dari analisis isi tentang prinsip teologis penginjilan multikultural Yesus kepada perempuan Samaria adalah 1) memahami konteks penerima Injil, 2) melakukan pendekatan persahabatan, 3) memahami kebutuhan yang terpenting, 4) menyinggung dosa, 5)  membahas keterbatasan dan tujuan agama, 6) memberikan solusi yaitu iman, 7) menunggu respons dan tidak memaksakan respons saat itu.
Group Participation in Integrated Pest Control Through the Ultilization of Trichogramma sp in Rice Business in Samarang District, Garut Regency
Authors: Mahrani Ummi
Published: June 2022

One way to reduce the negative impact of pesticide use on rice plants is to carry out integrated pest control. As for pest control efforts that can be done is to utilize physical plant-disturbing organisms, namely natural enemies. This study was conducted to determine the level of farmer group participation in integrated pest control through the use of Trichogramma sp in rice farming, analyze the characteristics, external factors and IPM principles on the level of group participation in integrated pest control through the use of Trichogramma sp in rice plants and develop an extension strategy to increase participation. farmers. Based on the results of research from 68 respondents that the participation rate of farmer groups at the planning stage was 51.5% (medium), the implementation stage was 64.7% (medium) at the evaluation stage was 63.2% (medium). Factors that partially influence participation are length of farming (0.021), institutional role (0.032), social and cultural environment (0.000), utilization of natural enemies (0.001), routine monitoring (0.000), and farmers as IPM experts ( 0.037). Based on the high value beta coefficient taken from indicators that have a significant effect on the participation variable, a strategy is formulated to increase farmer group participation through strengthening the social and cultural environment, strengthening the frequency of monitoring land and plants so that farmers know the conditions and needs of these plants.
The highest methane concentrations in an Arctic river are linked to local terrestrial inputs
Authors: Castro-Morales Karel , Canning Anna , Arzberger Sophie , Overholt Will A. , Küsel Kirsten , Kolle Olaf , Göckede Mathias , Zimov Nikita , Körtzinger Arne
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Large amounts of methane (CH4) could potentially be formed as a result of the gradual or abrupt thawing of Arctic permafrost due to global warming. Upon its release, this potent greenhouse gas can be emitted into the atmosphere, or transported laterally into aquatic ecosystems via hydrologic connectivity at surface or groundwaters. While high northern latitudes contribute up to 5 % of total global CH4 emissions, the specific contribution of Arctic rivers and streams is largely unknown. In this study, we measured high-resolution continuous CH4 concentrations in a ~120 km section of the Kolyma River in Northeast Siberia navigated twice between 15–17 June 2019 (late freshet). The average partial pressure of CH4 (pCH4) in tributaries (66.8–206.8 µatm) was 2–7 times higher than in the main river channel (28.3 µatm). In the main channel, CH4 was up to 1600 % supersaturated with respect to atmospheric equilibrium. At key sites located near the riverbank and tributary confluences, pCH4 (41±7 µatm) and emissions (0.03±0.004 mmol m–2 d–1) were higher compared to other sites within the main channel. Warm waters (T>14.5 °C) and low specific conductivities (κ<88 µS cm–1) defined these key sites. The distribution of methane in the river could also be linked statistically to T and κ of the water, as well as to the distance to the shore z, as indicators used to predict CH4 concentrations in unsampled river areas. Similarly, the abundance of methane consuming bacteria and methane producing archaea strongly correlated mainly to T and κ, and less to the pCH4, and were similar to those previously detected in nearby soils, suggesting the source of CH4 to be associated with sites close to land. The average total CH4 flux densities in the investigated Kolyma River section were 0.02±0.006 mml m–2 d–1, equivalent to a total CH4 flux of 12.4 mmol m–2. Key sites with highest CH4 concentrations contributed from 13 to 20 % to the total flux. Our study highlights the importance of high-resolution continuous CH4 measurements in Arctic Rivers for identifying spatial and temporal variabilities, and offers a glimpse to the magnitude of riverine methane emissions in the Arctic and their potential relevance to regional methane budgets.
Dynamic response and breakage of trees subject to a landslide-induced air blast: Implications for air blasts risk assessment in mountainous regions
Authors: Zhuang Yu , Xing Aiguo , Bartelt Perry , Bilal Muhammad , Ding Zhaowei
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Landslides have been known to generate powerful air blasts capable of causing destruction and casualties far beyond the runout of sliding mass. The extent of tree damage provides valuable information on air blast intensity and impact region. However, little attention has been paid to the air blast-tree interaction. In this study, we proposed a framework to assess the tree destruction caused by powerful air blasts, including the eigenfrequency prediction method, tree motion equations and the breakage conditions. The tree is modeled as a flexible beam with variable cross-sections, and the anchorage stiffness is introduced to describe the tilt of tree base. Large tree deformation is regarded when calculating the air blast loading, and two failure modes (bending and overturning) and the associated failure criteria are defined. Modeling results indicate that although the anchorage properties are of importance to the tree eigenfrequency, tree eigenfrequency is always close to the air blast frequency, causing a dynamic magnification effect for the tree deformation. This magnification effect is significant in the cases with a low air blast velocity, while the large tree deformation caused by strong air blast loading would weaken this effect. Furthermore, failure modes of a specific forest subject to a powerful air blast depend heavily on the trunk bending strength and anchorage characteristics. The large variation of biometric and mechanical properties of trees necessitates the establishment of a regional database of tree parameters. Our work and the proposed method are expected to make people better understand the air blast power and be of great utility for air blast risk assessment in mountainous regions worldwide.
Detecting anomalous sea-level states in North Sea tide gauge data using of autoassociative Neural Network
Authors: Wahle Kathrin , Stanev B. Emil Vassilev , Staneva Joanna
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Sea level in the North Sea is densely monitored by tide gauges. These measurements are used for validation as well as for the detection of extreme events. Here, we focus on the detection of sea level states with anomalous spatial correlations. An autoassociative neural network emulates the spatial correlations of gauges in a lower dimensional subspace. Anomalous sea-level states are defined by means of failure of the reconstruction model. Using spatially distributed data as input to the network thus reveals sea-level conditions with unusual spatial correlations. The corresponding atmospheric conditions indicate high wind tendencies and pressure anomalies. Quantitative analysis of such states might help assess and improve numerical model quality in the future as well as provide new insights into the nonlinear processes involved. The method has the advantage of being easily applicable to any tide gauge array without preprocessing the data or acquiring any additional information.
Application of a new distributed hydrological model based on soil–gravel structure in the Niyang River Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Pengxiang , Zhou Zuhao , Liu Jiajia , Xu Chongyu , Wang Kang , Liu Yangli , Li Jia , Li Yuqing , Jia Yangwen , Wang Hao
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a thin soil layer on top of a thick gravel layer, while its unique geological structure, combined with the snow and frozen soil in this area, significantly affect water circulation in the entire region. To investigate the mechanism of the underlying surface structure on the hydrothermal migration and water circulation process in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we performed comprehensive study combining field experiments of the water and heat transfer processes and development of a Water and Energy transfer Processes model in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (WEP-QTP), based on the original Water and Energy transfer Processes model in Cold Regions (WEP-COR). The Niyang River Basin located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was selected as the study area to evaluate the agreement between theoretical hypothesis, observation, and modeling results. This model divides the single soil into a dualistic structure of soil and gravel. In the non-freeze–thaw period, two infiltration models based on the dualistic soil-gravel structure were developed using the Richards equation in a non-heavy rain scenario and the multi-layer Green-Ampt model in a heavy rain scenario. During the freeze–thaw period, a hydrothermal coupling model based on the continuum of the snow-soil-gravel layer was constructed. The addition of the gravel layer corrected the original model’s overestimation of the moisture content below the surface soil and reduced the moisture content relative error (RE) from 33.74 to -12.11 %. The addition of the snow layer not only reduced the temperature fluctuation of the surface soil, but also, with the help of the gravel layers, revised the original model’s overestimation of the freeze-thaw speed. The temperature RE was reduced from -3.60 to 0.08 %. In the non-freeze-thaw period, the dualistic soil-gravel structure improved the regulation effect of groundwater on flow, stabilizing the flow process. The maximum RE at the flow peak and valley decreased by 88.2 and 21.3 %, respectively. In the freeze-thaw period, by considering the effect of the snow-soil-gravel layer continuum, the freezing and thawing process of WEP-QTP lagged that of WEP-COR by approximately one month. The groundwater simulated by WEP-QTP had more time to recharge the river, which better showed the "tailing" process after October. The flow simulated by the WEP-QTP model was more accurate and closer to the actual measurements, with Nash > 0.75 and |RE| < 10 %. The improved model reflects the effects of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau special environment on the hydrothermal transport and water cycle process and can be used for hydrological simulation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Dendroclimatic signals in Scots pine tree-ring chronologies in southwest Finland
Authors: Helama Samuli
Published: June 2022

Tree rings provide palaeoclimatologists with well-dated, high-resolution proxy archive for reconstructing past climate variability. New tree-ring data were developed from Scots pine trees from archipelagic, intermediate, and mainland sites in the Turku region, southwest Finland. The dominant climatic variable affecting the growth of Scots pine trees was late-spring/summer precipitation. Tree growth responses to other variables representing climatic conditions outside the growing season were found to be more variable between the sites. Chronology variance and correlation between tree-ring series were the highest and correlation with the growing season precipitation was the strongest at the archipelagic site. Regression models were developed to evaluate the palaeoclimatic potential of dendrochronologic archives from the Turku region. These models explained ~ 30% of the variance in instrumentally observed precipitation. Climatic correlations and verification statistics showed a reasonable reconstruction skill and suggest a potential for new tree-ring reconstructions of the past precipitation variability and hydroclimatic events in southwest Finland.
Geochemical tests to study the effects of cement ratio on potassium and TBT leaching and the pH of the marine sediments from the Kattegat Strait, Port of Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: Lindh Per , Lemenkova Polina
Published: June 2022

Cement is a key construction material in civil and geotechnical engineering. However, its application for stabilization of marine sediments needs further investigation. This paper tests the effects of varied amounts of Portland cement added to soil samples on the leaching of tributyltin (TBT) from the contaminated marine sediments and evaluates the pH level. Identifying the best combinations of Portland cement / slag / Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) for effective treatment of soil samples is a central challenge in marine geotechnical investigations with major implications for stabilization of dragged coastal sediments. The paper aims to test the TBT leaching as well as pH level and potassium (K) content in soil samples. Materials included marine sediments collected from the seabed of the Port of Gothenburg, Kattegat Strait, southwest Sweden. The methodology applied the existing specifications of the Swedish Institute for Standards (SIS) for geochemical tests of soil stabilized by Portland cement/slag/CKD. Leaching in soil samples was examined for 2.25, 9 and 36 days. Variations in the speed of decline of TBT leaching were noted depending on the ratio of Portland cement. The methodology follows the SIS instructions regarding the procedure of leaching tests: SS-EN 15863. Mixtures with pure Portland cement and cement / CKD gave pH values between 11.5–12 in the surface leaching experiments. Mixing of slag / CKD or slag lowered the pH range to 11–11.5 and 10–10.5, respectively. The leaching of TBT was affected by the changed amounts of seawater in the surface leaching experiments. The study shows that leaching reduces over time when the mobile fraction is being washed away and replaced by other leaching mechanisms and processes. Furthermore, in models in which leaching of TBT and potassium were assessed, there were, on average, changes in behaviour on the 9th day during the experiment time treatment and stabilization afterwards.
Empirical research on the understanding of association and implications for the training of researchers
Authors: Estepa Antonio , Sánchez Cobo Francisco
Published: June 2022

In this paper we summarise the main research findings on the understanding of association carried out in psychology and mathematics education and we present results from an assessment study on the understanding of correlation and regression by university students. We finally discuss the implications of these results for designing courses directed to train researchers in the use of statistics
THE EFFECT OF HOUSEWIVES' EDUCATION LEVELS ON HEALTH LITERACY: A STUDY ON HOUSEWIVES LIVING IN ISTANBUL
Authors: ÖZYURT KAPTANOGLU Rana , GÜNDÜZYELİ Bora
Published: June 2022

Both today’s technological development and easy access to information allow individuals to have knowledge about their diseases and to prove what is good for them. The concept of quality in health care service also improves itself depending on the mentioned decisions taken by the individuals about their health.

However, it is an important concept about how well individuals can take these decisions about their health. In this sense, taking correct decision for the individual and accessing the health information easily is associated with the health literacy which also means to understand and interpret the accessed information correctly.

In the study, the correlation between the health literacy and literacy level was investigated. For the detection of health literacy, a survey was applied with convenience sampling method to a total of 250 housewives in the age range of 25-50 years in 5 districts in Istanbul. Except for the analysis of the hypothesis of the study, the status of the participants to lead a balanced life, their general health statuses, their behaviors about the family physician, medication use habits, basic health information, actions in case of illness, methods of preventing diseases and status of needing health literacy were analyzed.
OECD ÜLKELERİNDE İŞSİZLİK HİSTERİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ: DOĞRUSAL OLMAYAN FOURIER KIRILMALI TESTLERDEN KANITLAR
Authors: KILIÇ Emre , ERGEN Eren , YAVUZ Ersin
Published: June 2022

Çalışmanın amacı, 36 OECD ülkesinde İşsizlik Histerisi Hipotezi’nin geçerliliğini ampirik olarak sınamaktır. Ampirik analiz, her ülke için en geniş dönemi kapsayacak şekilde aylık bazda işsizlik oranı değişkeni üzerinden farklı varsayımlara ve özelliklere sahip birim kök testleri ile yapılmaktadır. Bulgulara göre, verilerin normal dağılımını varsayan ADF testinde ülkelerin %75’inde, verilerin normal dağılım göstermediğini varsayan RALS-ADF testinde ülkelerin %67’sinde, verilerin doğrusal olmayan bir sürece sahip olduğunu varsayan KSS testinde ülkelerin %56’sında, keskin kırılmaları dikkate alan ve verilerin normal dağıldığını varsayan ZA testinde ülkelerin %83’ünde, fourier kırılmaları dikkate alan ve verilerin normal dağıldığını varsayan Fourier-ADF testinde ülkelerin %47’sinde ve son olarak fourier kırılmaları dikkate alan ve verilerin doğrusal olmayan bir sürece sahip olduğunu varsayan Fourier-KSS testinde ülkelerin %53’ünde İşsizlik Histerisi Hipotezi geçerlidir. Sonuçlar, İşsizlik Histerisi Hipotezi’nin geçerli olduğu ülke sayısının fourier kırılmaları dikkate alan testlerde azaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Özetle, Fourier-ADF testi dışındaki tüm birim kök testlerinde OECD ülkelerinde ağırlıklı olarak histeri etkisinin varlığına işaret etmektedir.
EXTENDED TOURIST RESPONSIBILITY: A TOOL FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ECONOMY
Authors: ÖZSOY Tufan
Published: June 2022

Based on an “extended producer responsibility” perspective, this study aims to propose a model proposal for analyzing the phenomena of "tourist responsibility," which has been overlooked in tourism literature and practice. A literature review on responsible tourism is conducted in this study. The factors that have an average environmental impact on a tourist journey are identified, and a model proposal is made for calculating the environmental load that each of these factors causes. According to the literature, as tourism became aware of the negative effects of tourism on the environment, it began focusing on ways to reduce the sector's externalities. Tourists, as consumers, should also participate in the sustainable process. As a result, there is a need for a calculating approach that can concretely quantify tourist responsibility. The model proposal takes a realistic applicability perspective to create awareness about the environmental impacts that tourists will have and to take responsibility according to the "polluter pays" principle in mitigating tourism's effects. In practice, despite the growing body of theoretical literature on responsible tourism, the question of how to deliver responsible tourism remains unanswered. Using the concept of extended producer responsibility, this article proposes a paradigm in which tourists' responsibilities are raised to close the gap.
L. V. BEETHOVEN’IN NO.3-OP. 69, LA MAJÖR PİYANO VE VİYOLONSEL SONATININ I. BÖLÜMÜNDE YER ALAN KADANSLARIN CÜMLE BİTİŞLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: SAYIN Elif
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada, bir müzik yapıtını oluşturan müzik cümlelerini duraksatmak ya da noktalandırmak için kullanılan kadansların L. v. Beethoven’ın no.3-op. 69, la majör piyano ve viyolonsel sonatının Allegro ma non tanto başlıklı I. bölümündeki cümle bitişlerine olan etkilerine ve işlevlerine değinilmiştir. Çalışmada, Beethoven’ın piyano ve viyolonsel sonatlarının üçüncüsü olan eserinin bölüm yapıları hakkında bilgi verilmiş, I. bölümün ayrıca form analizi yapılarak, teknik ve müzikal yönden değerlendirilmiştir. Beethoven’ın 1800’lerde başlayan sağırlık sorununa rağmen besteciliğindeki gücün hiç azalmayıp aksine artması bestecinin hayatındaki ‘‘kahramanlık dönemi’’ olarak adlandırılan yıllardaki başarısını kanıtlar niteliktedir. Bin yedi yüz yedi-1808 yıllarında bestelediği la majör piyano ve sonatı da bestecinin orta kahramanlık dönemi yıllarına denk gelerek bu döneme dahildir.

Bu çalışma, L. v. Beethoven’ın müzikal üslubunun, no.3-op. 69, la majör piyano ve viyolonsel sonatındaki izlerini, bu sonatın müzikal yapısını, merak edenlere ve çalışmak isteyen müzisyenlere bir yol gösterici olarak düşünülmüştür. Aynı zamanda bir müzik cümlesini sonlandırmak için gerekli olan kadansların klasik dönemdeki yeri hakkında da bilgi verecek bu çalışma, eseri çalışmak isteyenlere eserin stili hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçlayarak literatüre katkı sağlaması amacıyla çalışılmıştır.
ÇOCUK EDEBİYATINDA AYKIRI BİR TEMA: YAS ‘BOŞLUK’ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BAŞ Bayram , KARA Ayşen
Published: June 2022

Edebiyat, kişilerin/ karakterlerin ruhsal durumlarını anlatı yoluyla betimleme amacı gütmektedir. Böylece okur, karakterlerin psikolojik durumlarına yakın temasta bulunmakta, onların yaşam dünyasına katılmaktadır. Bu yönüyle edebî eserler, karakterin psikolojik değişiminin analiz edilebileceği/ incelenebileceği metinlerdir. Çocuk edebiyatı eserleri kayıp ve yas çalışmaları kapsamında sınırlı düzeyde irdelenmiştir. Çeşitli türde kayıp ve kayba uyum sağlama süreci olan yas kavramı hem yaşamın bireysel olarak deneyimlenmesi hem de toplum içinde karakterlerin acı verici deneyimlerle nasıl başa çıktıklarını anlama fırsatı sunmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışmasıyla yapılandırılmış bu çalışmada, Anna Llenas’ın “Boşluk” adlı çocuk kitabı inceleme nesnesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak doküman incelemesinin kullanıldığı araştırmadaki veriler “kayıp ve yas” kategorileri doğrultusunda içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yazar, kitabında kaybın bir çocuğun dünyasında eksikliği nasıl yarattığını; fiziksel, duygusal, bilişsel yansımalarını çizimlerle birlikte betimlemektedir. Sonuç olarak kitapta küçük bir kız çocuğu nedenini bilmediği fakat yaşıyor olduğu kaybıyla yüzleşme, bu yüzleşmeyle birlikte kendisiyle, hayatla ve toplumdaki diğer kişilerle daha yakın ve samimi ilişkiler kurma olanağına kavuşarak belirli ölçüde iyileşme imkânını yakalamış, yas tutarak ve kayıp ile olan ilişkisini yeniden düzenleyerek yaratıcı bir yaşama adım atmıştır.
A Multi-Dataset Evaluation of Frame Censoring for Motion Correction in Task-Based fMRI
Authors:   Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, Jones Michael S. , Zhu Zhenchen ,   MD Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Bajracharya Aahana ,   Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, Luor Austin ,   Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, Peelle Jonathan E. ,   Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis
Published: June 2022

Subject motion during fMRI can affect our ability to accurately measure signals of interest. In recent years, frame censoring—that is, statistically excluding motion-contaminated data within the general linear model using nuisance regressors—has appeared in several task-based fMRI studies as a mitigation strategy. However, there have been few systematic investigations quantifying its efficacy. In the present study, we compared the performance of frame censoring to several other common motion correction approaches for task-based fMRI using open data and reproducible workflows. We analyzed eight publicly available datasets repre-senting 11 distinct tasks in child, adolescent, and adult participants. Performance was quantified using maximum t-values in group analyses, and region of interest–based mean activation and split-half reliability in single subjects. We compared frame censoring across several thresholds to the use of 6 and 24 canonical motion regressors, wavelet despiking, robust weighted least squares, and untrained ICA-based denoising, for a total of 240 separate analyses. Thresholds used to identify censored frames were based on both motion estimates (FD) and image intensity changes (DVARS). Relative to standard motion regressors, we found consistent improvements for modest amounts of frame censoring (e.g., 1–2% data loss), although these gains were frequently comparable to what could be achieved using other techniques. Importantly, no single approach consistently outperformed the others across all datasets and tasks. These findings suggest that the choice of a motion mitigation strategy depends on both the dataset and the outcome metric of interest.
Gender in Philippine advertisements: Portrayal patterns and platform differences immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Paragas Fernando , Rapanot Czekaina Esrah , Mangalus Marrhon , Hoggang Catherine Faith , Agonos Mariam Jayne
Published: June 2022

Informed by the pioneering work of Erving Goffman, subsequent studies by Mee-Eun Kang, recent innovations in the Geena Davis Institute, and local approaches by Philippine scholars, this study sought to determine the portrayal of gender in Philippine advertising across various media. Specifically, it located gender across products, storylines, characters, pitch, and setting. It provided the baseline data for the depiction of gender immediately before the pandemic, and served as the benchmark against how gender may be portrayed differently in ads in the next normal. The population of TV, print, and radio advertisements was based on a database maintained by Aries Insights and Media Solutions (AIMS), access to which was facilitated by Kantar Media. The study covered two TV stations, three broadsheets, two tabloids, two FM stations, and two AM stations. The researchers constructed two weeks from January – December 2018 for TV and print, while one week was constructed from October to December 2018 for radio. Across platforms, the most advertised products were food and non-alcoholic beverages, pharmaceutical/health/herbal products, and restaurants, retail outlets, and malls. Ads focused on product/brand prestige, appealed to any of the five human senses, or concentrated on health. Certain ad pitches showed noticeable gendered differences. Women rather than men were associated with beauty, youth, and value for money. Print and radio ads featured more men than women, while TV featured more women than men. The study found that while overt objectification was no longer prevalent in advertisements, stereotypically gendered portrayals remain in subtle forms across platforms.