bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Submarine Groundwater Discharge into the Black Sea—Investigation of Two Dissimilar Geographical Settings
Authors: Schubert Michael , Knöller Kay , Stollberg Reiner , Mallast Ulf , Ruzsa Gyongyi , Melikadze George
Published: June 2017

The sustainable management of coastal marine environments requires a comprehensive understanding of the processes related to material transport from land to coastal sea. Besides surface water discharge (e.g., rivers and storm drains), submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays a key role since it provides a major pathway for solute and particulate transport of contaminants and nutrients, both having considerable potential to cause deterioration of the overall ecological status of coastal environments. The aim of the presented study was the investigation of SGD in two exemplary and dissimilar areas at the Black Sea coast, one in the west (Romania) and one in the east (Georgia). The approach included the assessment of the geological/geographical setting regarding the potential of SGD occurrence, the use of environmental tracer data (222Rn, δ18O, δ2H, salinity), and the evaluation of sea surface temperature patterns near the coastline using satellite data. Besides the individual site specific results, the study revealed that a combined evaluation of tracer data and satellite based information allows SGD localization with satisfying precision. A downscaling approach starting with large scale satellite data is generally recommended, continuing with medium scale tracer patterns and ending with local spot sampling.
Performance of an Agricultural Wetland-Reservoir-Irrigation Management System
Authors: Haverstock Michael , Madani Ali , Baldé Hambaliou , VanderZaag Andrew , Gordon Robert
Published: June 2017

Constructed wetlands (CW) have gained recognition as a management option for the treatment of various agricultural wastewaters. This study involved the design, construction, and initial evaluation of a wetland-reservoir-irrigation (WRI) system. The system was established in Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada, with the goal to capture, treat, and re-use agricultural sub-surface drainage water. It consisted of a 1.8-ha area of a cropped field that was systematically tile drained. Drainage water was directed through a 2-cell CW and then into a reservoir-irrigation pond. Flow rate hydraulics, residence time distributions, and treatment efficiencies for nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were monitored for 14 months. Mass reductions of NO3−-N and E. coli from the CW were 67.6% and 63.3%, respectively. However, average E. coli concentrations increased to 178 CFU 100 mL−1 in the reservoir during the warm season. It may therefore be best to use reservoir water for irrigation of crops that are not consumed raw. To aid in the future design of similar systems, mean first-order rate constants (ks) for NO3−-N and E. coli were calculated to be 8.0 and 6.4 m y−1, respectively. The volume of water collected in the reservoir exceeded typical irrigation requirements of the drained land and could therefore provide irrigation to additional land beyond the drainage area.
Formation and Atmosphere of Complex Organic Molecules of the HH 212 Protostellar Disk
Authors: Lee Chin-Fei , Li Zhi-Yun , Ho Paul T. P. , Hirano Naomi , Zhang Qizhou , Shang Hsien
Published: June 2017

HH 212 is a nearby (400 pc) Class 0 protostellar system recently found to host a “hamburger”-shaped dusty disk with a radius of ∼60 au, deeply embedded in an infalling-rotating flattened envelope. We have spatially resolved this envelope-disk system with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at up to ∼16 au (0.″04) resolution. The envelope is detected in HCO+
J = 4–3 down to the dusty disk. Complex organic molecules (COMs) and doubly deuterated formaldehyde (D2CO) are detected above and below the dusty disk within ∼40 au of the central protostar. The COMs are methanol (CH3OH), deuterated methanol (CH2DOH), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and formamide (NH2CHO, a prebiotic precursor). We have modeled the gas kinematics in HCO+ and COMs and found a centrifugal barrier (CB) at a radius of ∼44 au, within which a Keplerian rotating disk is formed. This indicates that HCO+ traces the infalling-rotating envelope down to the CB and COMs trace the atmosphere of a Keplerian rotating disk within the CB. The COMs are spatially resolved for the first time, both radially and vertically, in the atmosphere of a disk in the earliest, Class 0 phase of star formation. Our spatially resolved observations of COMs favor their formation in the disk rather than a rapidly infalling (warm) inner envelope. The abundances and spatial distributions of the COMs provide strong constraints on models of their formation and transport in low-mass star formation.
Evaluating Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge and Beliefs Through the e-Learning EBP Academy
Authors: Green Angela , Jeffs Debra A. , Boateng Beatrice A. , Lowe Gary R. , Walden Marlene
Published: June 2017

Background:

This research examined evidence-based practice (EBP) knowledge and beliefs before and after a 3-month e-learning program was implemented to build EBP capacity at a large children's hospital.

Method:

Ten clinicians completed the development, implementation, and evaluation of the e-learning education, comprising phase one. Revision and participation by 41 clinicians followed in phase two. Participants in both phases completed the EBP Beliefs and Implementation Scales preintervention, postintervention, and 6 months after postintervention.

Results:

EBP beliefs and implementation increased immediately and 6 months after postintervention, with statistically significant increases in both phases. Participants in both phases applied knowledge by completing mentor-supported EBP projects.

Conclusion:

Although EBP beliefs and implementation scores increased and e-learning provided flexibility for clinician participation, challenges arose, resulting in lower-than-expected completion. Subsequent revisions resulted in hybrid education, integrating classroom and e-learning with project mentoring. This funded e-learning research contributes knowledge to the growing specialty of professional development.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(7):304–311.
Aristóteles y la medicina
Authors: Crespo Saumell Jordi
Published: June 2017

En su estado actual el Corpus Aristotelicum no contiene ningún tratado dedicado a la medicina, siendo esto causa suficiente como para que muchos estudiosos hayan dado por hecho que Aristóteles nunca la tomó como objeto de estudio. Otros, empero, pretenden justamente dar pruebas de que Aristóteles sí se interesó por el arte médico, que lo estudió y que es muy plausible que escribiera sobre medicina. Para ello traen a colación razones de diversa índole, aunque básicamente serán dos los argumentos en los que harán hincapié. El primero engloba las analogías médicas que Aristóteles utiliza en sus tratados, y el segundo recurre a las menciones a determinados libros de contenido médico a lo largo del Corpus Aristotelicum. A partir de un examen crítico de ambos argumentos este artículo pretende arrojar algo más de luz sobre el asunto a partir de los contenidos del papiro Anónimo de Londres.
Compartiendo modelos arquitectónicos: morfologías y vigilancias del siglo XVII al XIX
Authors: Fraile Pedro , Bonastra Quim
Published: June 2017

La organización espacial y territorial es un factor importante en la configuración de las estrategias de control y vigilancia que funcionan en nuestra sociedad. La arquitectura en general, y determinados edificios en particular, han sido dispositivos importantes para el desempeño de tales tareas.
En estas páginas se estudian las estructuras constructivas de establecimientos especialmente diseñados para el control y la custodia de sus habitantes, comenzando por las “Casas de Misericordia” diseñadas para recoger a los marginados, principalmente urbanos, desde el siglo XVI, y se rastrean las morfologías de cárceles, hospitales y lazaretos.
Analizamos la transferencia de estructuras constructivas de un establecimiento a otro y cómo la reflexión sobre las funciones específicas de cada uno de ellos fue fijando sus morfologías.
Finalmente, se presta atención al discurso construido en España, desde sus orígenes en el siglo XVI hasta sus concreciones en el XIX, ocupándonos tanto de las propuestas teóricas como de las realizaciones.
La construcción de una industria farmacéutica autosuficiente en la España de la Autarquía: entre la necesidad, la utopía y la propaganda franquista
Authors: Rodríguez Nozal Raúl
Published: June 2017

La historia de la industria farmacéutica española está condicionada por su adscripción a un modelo de corte mediterráneo, de menor empaque económico y mayor presencia de la componente artesana y profesional. La industria de las materias primas, al menos las de carácter químico-orgánico y fermentativo, no apareció hasta la dictadura franquista. Durante la Autarquía parece evidenciarse un cierto interés por promocionar este sector; en primer lugar, potenciando las industrias de productos naturales, algo que ya se venía haciendo con anterioridad a la Guerra Civil, con el propósito de obtener principios activos de acción medicinal y evitar así su importación; en segundo lugar, a más largo plazo, estableciendo en España una industria química integral, de tipo orgánico, capaz de obtener fármacos a partir del carbón; finalmente, tras conocerse la síntesis a escala industrial de la penicilina, entró un escena un nuevo objetivo que acabaría convirtiéndose en prioritario: la fabricación nacional de esta sustancia. Sin embargo hubo una serie de factores que frenaron el desarrollo de la industria químico-farmacéutica, como las propias limitaciones de las políticas autárquicas, el excesivo número de laboratorios y de productos comercializados, la escasa capitalización de estas empresas así como su tímida implicación en tareas investigadoras, y la insuficiente capacitación científico-técnica necesaria para esta actividad.
Infancia, género y medicina. Un análisis histórico de los discursos endocrinológicos sobre el síndrome adiposo genital en Buenos Aires y Barcelona
Authors: Rustoyburu Cecilia
Published: June 2017

Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la problematización de las lecturas sobre la obesidad y la sexualidad infantil a través de un análisis histórico de los discursos de la endocrinología en Buenos Aires y Barcelona, en las décadas de 1920 y 1930. Focalizaremos en dos escenarios de una controversia en torno de la obesidad de los varones que articuló saberes de la endocrinología con supuestos morales sobre las familias y representaciones de género. Nuestro objetivo es identificar cómo se resignificaron los saberes sobre hormonas sexuadas disponibles en el campo científico internacional, en el marco de las experiencias clínicas locales. Consideramos que los endocrinólogos se valieron de estereotipos de género para leer los cuerpos de sus pacientes, pero sus interpretaciones también estuvieron mediadas por los intereses y las lógicas de las instituciones de las que formaron parte. La relevancia del psicoanálisis en Buenos Aires y la importancia de la tradición experimental en Barcelona serán aspectos centrales para identificar las particularidades de cada caso. Nuestro corpus documental está constituido por publicaciones científicas especializadas.
Fiebre hemorrágica Argentina. Conflictos y desafíos para la ciencia en el ámbito rural
Authors: Gárgano Cecilia , Piaz Agustín
Published: June 2017

La fiebre hemorrágica argentina (FHA) es una enfermedad viral aguda grave, detectada en 1955, que está radicada en una zona de intensiva actividad agrícola. Este artículo indaga algunas de las líneas de investigación recientes, con el objetivo de analizar continuidades y rupturas en las prácticas médicas y en los grupos sociales identificados como principales grupos de riesgo de la FHA. Para ello, se realiza un somero recorrido por la historia de la enfermedad, y se explora la trayectoria del centro de salud que concentra las investigaciones, la producción y la distribución de la vacuna, el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui” (INEVH). A partir de literatura secundaria especializada, fuentes primarias y entrevistas a investigadores y personal del INEVH, se estudia esta trayectoria institucional y los conflictos presentes en su desarrollo, asociados a problemáticas sociales y económicas del medio rural en el que viven y trabajan tanto los médicos y científicos involucrados como la población afectada.
Effets de l’indécision de carrière et du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle sur le vécu de la transition lycée-université
Authors: Faurie Isabelle , Giacometti  Nelly
Published: June 2017

Cette recherche, réalisée sur un échantillon de 737 étudiant.e.s de licence 1, met en lien la problématique du stress perçu avec la question de l’élaboration du projet professionnel. Elle s’intéresse également au rôle du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle et de l’estime de soi, au cours de la transition lycée-université. Les résultats attestent que les prédicteurs les plus significatifs du niveau de stress perçu chez les primo-entrant.e.s sont l’estime de soi, le sentiment d’auto-efficacité universitaire et l’indécision liée à une inconsistance de l’information et à un manque de promptitude à décider. Les apports pratiques des résultats sont discutés.
Choix d’orientation au lycée, motivation et parcours scolaires : une étude longitudinale
Authors: Louvet Eva , Duret Yvette
Published: June 2017

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser la façon dont les élèves choisissent leur orientation dans l’enseignement secondaire et d’en évaluer l’impact sur la motivation tout en ­analysant les parcours scolaires des élèves. L’étude a été réalisée auprès de 320 lycéen.ne.s scolarisé.e.s en classe de première réparti.e.s sur quatre filières : S, ES, L et STMG. Les résultats montrent le rôle déterminant des notes en matière d’orientation. Les élèves choisissent leur filière surtout sur la base de leurs (in)capacités, plutôt que de leurs intérêts. Ces choix d’orientation ont un impact sur la motivation et la réussite scolaire.
A case of attempted bilateral self-enucleation in a patient with bipolar disorder
Authors: Muniz Castro Hannah , Alvarez John , Bota Robert G. , Yonkers Marc , Tao Jeremiah
Published: June 2017

Attempted and completed self-enucleation, or removal of one’s own eyes, is a rare but devastating form of self-mutilation behavior. It is often associated with psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia, substance induced psychosis, and bipolar disorder. We report a case of a patient with a history of bipolar disorder who gouged his eyes bilaterally as an attempt to self-enucleate himself. On presentation, the patient was manic with both psychotic features of hyperreligous delusions and command auditory hallucinations of God telling him to take his eyes out. On presentation, the patient had no light perception vision in both eyes and his exam displayed severe proptosis, extensive conjunctival lacerations, and visibly avulsed extraocular muscles on the right side. An emergency computed tomography scan of the orbits revealed small and irregular globes, air within the orbits, and intraocular hemorrhage. He was taken to the operating room for surgical repair of his injuries. Attempted and completed self-enucleation is most commonly associated with schizophrenia and substance induced psychosis, but can also present in patients with bipolar disorder. Other less commonly associated disorders include obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, mental retardation, neurosyphilis, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and structural brain lesions.
Feeding rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus ) with tree fruits from tropical deciduous forest
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Eliceo , López-Ortiz Silvia , Villarruel-Fuentes Manuel , Pérez-Hernández Ponciano , Velasco-Velasco Joel , Salinas-Ruíz Josafhat
Published: June 2017

The dietary preference and voluntary intake of fruits from Acacia cochliacantha, Caesalpinia cacalaco, Vachellia pennatula, Chloroleucon mangense, Senna atomaria and Guazuma ulmifolia [containing 8.5-13.6% crude protein (CP) and 25.9-72.9% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) on dry matter (DM) basis], and the partial replacement of a commercial diet with 0, 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruit were studied in rabbits. Rabbits fed a standard diet (17.9% CP and 28.4% NDF) were used to study their preference (during 20-min periods) for 6 ground fruits (Experiment 1: 12 rabbits, from 45 to 56 d of age and 1180±114 g live weight [LW]), 6 pelleted fruits (Experiment 2: same rabbits from 57 to 68 d of age), and the voluntary intake of the 5 most preferred pelleted fruits (Experiment 3: 18 rabbits from 70 to 81 d of age and 2200±200 g LW). Then, we examined the inclusion of G. ulmifolia fruit up to 45% in the diet (Experiment 4: 12 rabbits/diet from 25 to 66 d of age, and 419±80 g initial LW). When ground fruits were offered, rabbits tended to prefer C. mangense (0.83±0.12 g DM; P<0.05), and when offered as pellets they preferred G. ulmifolia (4.50±0.47 g DM; P<0.05), as well as in Experiment 3 (36.9±3.11 g DM/d; P<0.05). Substitution of a commercial diet with 15, 30 and 45% G. ulmifolia fruits in Experiment 4 resulted in higher DM intake when fruits were included in the diet, across all experimental periods (25-38, 39-66 and 25-66 d; P<0.001). Feeding up to 30% of fruits improved growth rate from 25 to 38 d of age (P<0.001) and produced similar growth rates to the control treatment from 25 to 66 d of age. Feed efficiency was impaired above 15% substitution level during the 25-38 d period (P>0.05) and in all groups fed G. ulmifolia in the 25-66 d period (P<0.001). Guazuma ulmifolia appears to have the greatest potential as a supplementary feed for rabbits in the pelleted form. Its inclusion up to 15% in the diet might render a similar performance to that of rabbits fed commercial diets.
Changes in cytochrome P450 gene expression and enzyme activity induced by xenobiotics in rabbits in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Palócz Orsolya , Farkas Orsolya , Clayton Paul , Csikó György
Published: June 2017

As considerable inter-species differences exist in xenobiotic metabolism, developing new pharmaceutical therapies for use in different species is fraught with difficulties. For this reason, very few medicines have been registered for use in rabbits, despite their importance in inter alia meat and fur production. We have developed a rapid and sensitive screening system for drug safety in rabbits based on cytochrome P450 enzyme assays, specifically CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A6, employing an adaptation of the luciferin-based clinical assay currently used in human drug screening. Short-term (4-h) cultured rabbit primary hepatocytes were treated with a cytochrome inducer (phenobarbital) and 2 inhibitors (alpha-naphthoflavone and ketoconazole). In parallel, and to provide verification, New Zealand white rabbits were dosed with 80 mg/kg phenobarbital or 40 mg/kg ketoconazole for 3 d. Ketoconazole significantly increased CYP3A6 gene expression and decreased CYP3A6 activity both in vitro and in vivo. CYP1A1 activity was decreased by ketoconazole in vitro and increased in vivo. This is the first report of the inducer effect of ketoconazole on rabbit cytochrome isoenzymes in vivo. Our data support the use of a luciferin-based assay in short-term primary hepatocytes as an appropriate tool for xenobiotic metabolism assays and short-term toxicity testing in rabbits.
 
Fatal Haemorrhage following Fine Needle Aspiration of the Thyroid
Authors: Dalvi M , Dalvi F , Ainsworth R , Gibb FW , Horsfall H , Patel D , Strachan MWJ
Published: June 2017

Fine needle aspiration is routinely performed as part of the assessment of thyroid nodules. It is generally regarded as a very safe procedure, though rarely significant bleeding can occur in its aftermath.

A 79-year-old female was referred for assessment of an incidental thyroid nodule which had been identified on computed tomography of the chest and extended into the retrosternal space. The patient was referred for fine needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance. Three passes were made with a 25 gauge needle into the nodule; a haemorrhagic aspirate was obtained and sent for cytological examination. Several hours later, the patient developed a cough and progressive breathlessness and died at home before she could be taken to hospital.

The key finding from the post-mortem was extensive haemorrhage within the capsule of thyroid. In the absence of another identifiable aetiology, the cause of death was considered to be acute haemorrhage into the thyroid gland. Thyroid fine needle aspiration is generally a safe procedure, but it is important to recognise that, rarely, major complications can occur.
Current Clinical Controversies in the Management of Sepsis
Authors: Cohen J
Published: June 2017

Sepsis remains a challenging clinical problem requiring prompt diagnosis and optimal clinical management if the continuing high mortality is to be contained. In this brief review I consider four specific questions that are the subject of ongoing controversy. First, whether the new ‘Sepsis-3’ definitions will be helpful, in particular in improving diagnosis, or whether the rapid move towards precision medicine will make the definition redundant. Second, should we routinely use combinations of antibiotics for the empiric treatment of sepsis. Third, whether there is any clinical benefit in continuous rather than bolus administration of β-lactam antibiotics. Finally, whether there is good evidence that biomarkers such as procalcitonin can help reduce the duration of antibiotic therapy.
Influência dos agentes clareadores de baixa concentração sobre a rugosidade superficial do esmalte bovino
Authors: Vieira Alex Correia , Andrade Adriana Castro , Oliveira Mario Cezar , Silva Iane Nery
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: avaliar a rugosidade superficial do esmalte bovino após aplicação de clareadores dentais a base de peróxido de hidrogênio, em 3 diferentes formas de apresentação e concentração. Materiais e método: utilizou-se corpos de prova obtidos a partir de 40 unidades de incisivos centrais inferiores bovinos, que foram divididos, aleatoriamente, em 4 grupos experimentais (n=10) e submetidos a diferentes tratamentos clareadores da seguinte maneira: Grupo 1 (controle) – nenhum tratamento clareador; Grupo 2 – clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio 7,5% (Total Blanc HOME- DFL), durante 1 hora, por 14 dias; Grupo 3 – clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio 6,5% (3D White Whitestrips-Crest) durante 30 minutos, por 14 dias; e Grupo
4 – clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio 7,7% (Pretty Smile- DMC) durante 30 minutos, por 14 dias. Cada corpo de prova foi submetido à leitura da rugosidade superficial e os dados obtidos foram submetidos
à análise estatística por meio do ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: todos os produtos testados aumentaram a rugosidade superficial do esmalte bovino. Conclusão: o uso do
peróxido de hidrogênio em baixas concentrações, nas diferentes formas de apresentação testadas, promoveu um aumento da rugosidade superficial do esmalte de dentes bovinos, proporcional ao seu tempo de atuação.
Conhecimento, atitudes e práticas dos estudantes de Odontologia com relação a pacientes HIV positivos
Authors: De Lucena Nayara Toledo , Petruzzi Maria Noel Marzano Rodrigues , Cherubini Karen , Salum Fernanda , De Figueiredo Maria Antonia Zancanaro
Published: June 2017

Objetivos: avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico, o conhecimento, as atitudes e práticas de 176 alunos dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica
do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Métodos: foi feito um estudo transversal aplicando-se um questionário por meio da ferramenta on-line Qualtrics, disponibilizado pela PUCRS. Resultados: dos estudantes que compuseram a amostra, 76% eram do sexo feminino, solteiros,
com idade média de 28 anos e 6 meses; 80% associavam a elevada frequência da candidíase bucal à imunossupressão promovida pelo vírus; 70% vincularam o eritema gengival linear e a leucoplasia pilosa com a
referida doença e 53% dos alunos sabiam da possibilidade de ocorrer, nos portadores, xerostomia, hipossialia e aumento de volume das glândulas salivares maiores. Aproximadamente, 90% dos participantes tratavam todos os pacientes como potencialmente infectados e preocupavam-se com o risco profissional para o HIV, 70% da amostra acreditaram na impossibilidade de recusar o atendimento de soropositivos. Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram múltiplas informações sobre a capacitação e as expectativas dos estudantes da graduação e da pós-graduação (oriundos ou não da PUCRS), retratando
o perfil dos profissionais que estão sendo formados em distintas universidades, que estarão disponíveis para atender os portadores de tal enfermidade.
Prevalência de injúrias em tecidos moles em pacientes atendidos em um centro especializado no tratamento de traumatismos dentários
Authors: Figueiró Andressa Priebe , Henzel Larissa Tavares , Posser Renata Uliana , Da Silva Marcelo Pereira , Da Rosa Tainá Santos , Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de lesões de tecidos moles em crianças que sofreram traumatismo alveolodentário na dentição decídua, atendidas em um serviço especializado da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Métodos: os dados coletados
dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos de 2002 a 2011 foram: idade, sexo, injúria em tecidos moles e severidade do traumatismo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e associações foram feitas pelo Teste Qui-Quadrado, utilizando o programa Stata 11.0. Resultados: dos 707 prontuários analisados, 603 crianças foram incluídas no estudo. Desse total, 51,41% apresentaram lesões em tecidos moles, além das injúrias dentárias. A maior prevalência de lesões em tecidos moles foi em crianças de 25 a 36 meses (24,71%) e entre o sexo masculino (58,87%). A presença de lesões em tecidos moles foi estatisticamente significante em relação à severidade do traumatismo (p≤0,001) e à idade da criança (p=0,004), no entanto, não foi observada
diferença em relação ao sexo. A lesão em tecido mole mais prevalente foi a laceração, tanto na região extraoral (46,75%) quanto na intraoral (64,10%), seguida por contusão e abrasão. Considerando todos os tipos de lesões, a região intraoral foi a mais atingida (50,32%). Conclusão: as lesões em tecido mole estão presentes em grande parte das crianças que sofrem traumatismo (51,41%), portanto, é necessário ressaltar a importância do exame e do tratamento dessas lesões.
Self-Efficacy and Its Relationship with Social Skills and the Quality of Decision-Making among the Students of Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University
Authors: Al-mehsin Salama Aqeel
Published: June 2017

The present study aimed to reveal the self-efficacy and social skills and their relationship to the quality of decision-making at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University students, and determine the extent of the contribution of self-efficacy and social skills to the quality of decision-making. To achieve this, a questionnaire was built to identify self-efficacy, and a questionnaire of social skills, and a questionnaire of decision- making.The study sample was (560) female students from the College of Education in Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, the study results indicated that the self-efficacy of the study sample was moderate and that the relationship between self-efficiency and social skills and the quality of decision-making was a positive.The findings revealed that the quality of decision-making interpreted about 81.5% of social skills, and it showed a positive statistically significant effect for the quality of decision-making on social skills, and the quality of decision-making interpreted about 69% of self-efficacy, and results also showed a statistically significant positive impact for the quality of decision-making on self-efficacy.
Development of Program to Enhance Team Building Leadership Skills of Primary School Administrators
Authors: Sairam Boonchauy , Sirisuthi Chaiyuth , Wisetrinthong Kanjana
Published: June 2017

Team building leadership skills are important to understandings of how the primary school administrators might work towards creating more effective teamwork in the school. This research aimed 1) to study the components of team building leadership skills needed for primary school administrators, 2) to examine the current states and desirable conditions and needs for team building leadership skills of primary school administrators, 3) to develop team building leadership skills for primary school administrator enhancement program, and 4) to explore the efficiency level of team building leadership skills of primary school administrator enhancement program by using the developmental research process. Sampling and data collection were as follows: step one, collect data from the relevant literature, publications, online research and academic databases regarding leadership and team building skills. Moreover, the components of team building leadership skills were verified by 9 experts. Step 2, 379 primary school administrators of the planning programs were consulted for studying current states and desirable characteristics of team building leadership skills and needs in development of primary school administrator enhancement program. Step 3 required 9 experts to evaluate and comment on the program. Step 4 required a group of 20 primary school administrators under the Office of Ubonratchathani Education Service Area Zone 2 for efficiency assessment. Research instruments were a questionnaire and an evaluation form. Statistics used in data analysis and verification were percent, means, standard deviation, Modified Priority Needs Index (PNImodified) and Independent t-test. The research results showed that team building leadership skills of primary school administrators’ enhancement program consisted of 5 toolkits. The application of the program showed that the participants receiving the development of team building leadership skills of primary school administrators’ enhancement program had higher team building leadership skills after the development than before. The primary school administrators manage teamwork more efficiently and the overall progress of team building successfully.
Academically Gifted Undergraduate Students: Their Preferred Teaching Strategies
Authors: AL-Khayat Majed M. , AL-Hrout Mosa A. , Hyassat Mizyed A.
Published: June 2017

Much attention is being paid to the students who give evidence of high achievement capability in specific academic fields. This interest includes choosing sufficient teaching strategies that suit their characteristics. However, this study aims at identifying what teaching strategies are preferred by academically gifted students in Princess Rahma University College/Al-balqa Applied University. A validated scale, covered four dimensions, was developed to measure preferred teaching strategies. The four dimensions were Presentations, Accommodations for Individual Differences, Critical Thinking Strategies, and Creative Thinking Strategies. The study sample consisted of 66 students who were academically gifted. Results revealed that the highest teaching strategies preferred by the students that were related to Creative Thinking dimension followed by Critical Thinking Strategies, the lowest preferred teaching strategy was Presentations. The study urges instructors, who have academically gifted students in their classes, to carefully employ appropriate teaching strategies that meet their needs and increase their potentials.
Mobile phone owners' health behaviors
Authors: Kordecka A. , Łukaszuk C. , Kraszyński M. , Kraszyńska B. , Krajewska-Kułak E.
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The consistently growing number of mobile phone users has contributed to increasing interest in the effects of mobile phones on human health. Purpose: To assess the preferred health behaviors of mobile phone users. Materials and methods: The study included 175 mobile phone users and used standardized tools, such as the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale and the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI). Results: Most respondents had an impact on their own health (avg. 26.9 points). Respondents showed the highest level of health behaviors in relation to attitude, whereas the lowest level towards health practices. We distinguished three groups in the study population: with high (14.9%), low (47.4%), and average (37.7%) levels of health behaviors. We cannot unequivocally state that there is a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of certain fungal genera/species on mobile phone and hand surfaces and the health locus of control. Conclusions: The respondents themselves mainly had an impact on their own health, and those in favor of this opinion attached greater importance to washing their hands. Respondents showed the highest level of health behaviors in relation to mental attitude, whereas the lowest level towards preferred health practices. Almost half of the respondents showed low levels of health behaviors, whereas almost every seventh respondent had high levels of health behaviors. No significant relationship was shown between the preferred health behaviors and the frequency of washing hands, the number of colonies and the isolation frequency of fungal strains collected from the surfaces of mobile phones and the hands of their owners.
Male circumcision under Polish criminal law
Authors: Banasik K.
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Male circumcision is not widely discussed in Poland. This article is the first paper on circumcision in the light of Polish criminal law and anticipates a problem that can happen in the practice of the Polish criminal justice system in the next years. The author has discussed selected issues concerning male circumcision. The subject of deliberations has been circumcision of Jewish infants, taking place on the Polish territory. Purpose: To examine whether circumcision of infants is prohibited in Polish criminal law and whether a person carrying out neonatal circumcision for religious reason is punishable for a criminal offence. Materials and methods: The English- and German-language literature and other online available data relating to male circumcision have been examined. The provisions of the Polish Penal Code and other legal acts have been analysed. Moreover, judgements of the Polish courts and the Polish criminal law literature have also been the subject of research. Results: In Poland, there is no special legislation on male circumcision, in particular, there is no special criminal offence of circumcision. However, a person performing infant circumcision completes the elements of criminal offence consisting of causing bodily injury. Conclusions: In Polish criminal law, the customary justification of circumcision excludes the unlawfulness of the conduct of the person (called mohel) carrying out Jewish infant circumcision for religious reason. In the case of Jewish neonatal circumcision, we deal with so-called secondary legality of the committed act. In the final assessment in the aspect of criminal law, the conduct of a mohel is not unlawful and thus is not punishable as a criminal offence.
Comparison of Clinical Diagnoses and Autopsy Findings: Six-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Marshall Hyejong Song , Milikowski Clara
Published: June 2017

Context.—

The frequency of autopsies has declined in most developed countries beginning in the latter half of the 20th century. During this time period the technology of medicine made significant advances; however, it is important to regularly reevaluate the role of the autopsy to confirm suspected diagnoses and identify unsuspected findings.

Objective.—

To determine what portion of autopsies reveal clinically meaningful unexpected findings.

Design.—

Reports that included clinical histories of autopsies performed at Jackson Memorial Hospital during the 6 years between 2009 and 2014 were reviewed by 2 pathologists. Each case was classified using the Goldman Classification.

Results.—

In the given time period, 923 autopsies were performed; 512 patients (55.5%) were adults. A total of 334 cases were subject to review after excluding those with a short (<1 day) hospital stay, restriction to a single organ or body cavity, and cases referred from other facilities. A total of 33 of 334 cases (9.9%) were identified as class I discrepancy, where the autopsy revealed a discrepant diagnosis with a potential impact on survival or treatment. Critical findings, such as untreated infection (15 of 33 cases; 45.5%), pulmonary embolism (8 of 33 cases; 24.2%), and undiagnosed malignancy (6 of 33 cases; 18.2%), were found in these cases. Major significant findings that had not been clinically detected, whether clinically manageable or not (class I and II), were found in 65 of 334 cases (19.5%).

Conclusion.—

Despite intensive modern clinical investigations, autopsies continue to reveal major antemortem diagnostic errors in a significant number of cases.
Dermatopathology and Social Media
Authors: Carlquist Erin , Lee Nathan E. , Shalin Sara C. , Goodman Michael , Gardner Jerad M.
Published: June 2017

Context.—

Use of social media in the medical profession is an increasingly prevalent and sometimes controversial practice. Many doctors believe social media is the future and embrace it as an educational and collaborative tool. Others maintain reservations concerning issues such as patient confidentiality, and legal and ethical risks.

Objective.—

To explore the utility of social media as an educational and collaborative tool in dermatopathology.

Design.—

We constructed 2 identical surveys containing questions pertaining to the responders' demographics and opinions regarding the use of social media for dermatopathology. The surveys were available on Twitter and Facebook for a period of 10 days.

Results.—

The survey was completed by 131 medical professionals from 29 different countries: the majority (81%, 106 of 131) were 25 to 45 years of age. Most replied that they access Facebook or Twitter several times a day (68%, 89 of 131) for both professional and social purposes (77%, 101 of 131). The majority agreed that social media provides useful and relevant information, but stated limitations they would like addressed.

Conclusions.—

Social media is a powerful tool with the ability to instantaneously share dermatopathology with medical professionals across the world. This study reveals the opinions and characteristics of the population of medical professionals currently using social media for education and collaboration in dermatopathology.
Mauvais traitements subis dans l’enfance et problèmes de santé mentale à l’âge adulte : une étude nationale conduite auprès des Québécoises
Authors: Paquette Geneviève , Tourigny Marc , Baril Karine , Joly Jacques , Séguin Monique
Published: June 2017

L’étude vise à déterminer la contribution spécifique de différentes formes de mauvais traitements à la santé mentale de femmes québécoises. Une enquête téléphonique a été réalisée auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 1 001 femmes québécoises. Diverses variables sociodémographiques et quatre formes de mauvais traitements durant l’enfance ont été mesurées afin d’explorer leur association avec l’état de stress post-traumatique et la dépression des répondantes au moment de l’enquête. La violence conjugale au cours des 12 derniers mois ainsi que la négligence et la violence physique subies durant l’enfance sont associées à la présence de symptômes de stress post-traumatique d’intensité clinique. Le plus jeune âge des répondantes, la violence sexuelle et psychologique durant l’enfance sont associés à la présence de dépression. Les résultats soulignent l’importance de considérer les mauvais traitements durant l’enfance et leur cooccurrence dans l’évaluation et l’intervention en santé mentale auprès des femmes adultes.
Le rôle des infirmières dans les services de première ligne face aux personnes souffrant d’un trouble mental courant
Authors: Charron Maude , Duhoux Arnaud , Contandriopoulos Damien , Page Claire , Lessard Lily
Published: June 2017

La prévalence des troubles mentaux courants (TMC) augmente tant dans la population québécoise que mondiale. Les gouvernements, les chercheurs et les cliniciens cherchent les meilleures pratiques à appliquer pour améliorer les services offerts à la clientèle souffrant de TMC. Les données suggèrent que ces services devraient être principalement offerts en première ligne (PL), mais leur organisation actuelle, au Québec, ne permet pas de répondre de façon optimale aux besoins des personnes souffrant de TMC ainsi qu’à ceux de leurs proches. Au cours des prochaines années, différents types d’infirmières occuperont un rôle élargi en PL et représenteront une portion plus importante des effectifs à ce niveau améliorant potentiellement l’accessibilité aux services. Les infirmières et les autres cliniciens ne connaissent pas toujours le rôle des infirmières quant à la santé mentale ni leur contribution durant toutes les phases du continuum de soins. La collaboration interprofessionnelle constitue un élément fondamental pour améliorer les services de PL en santé mentale. Celle-ci repose sur une compréhension juste des rôles et de leurs partages parmi tous les membres d’une équipe. Les objectifs de cet article sont de : 1) décrire les meilleures pratiques de collaboration interprofessionnelle en santé mentale et en PL ; 2) discuter des rôles des infirmières quant aux TMC ; et 3) présenter des pistes d’intervention pour déployer ces rôles. Une conceptualisation des rôles infirmiers bien intégrés dans un contexte multiprofessionnel de première ligne en santé mentale est présentée dans cet article.
Identification des pratiques prometteuses dans le traitement de l’anorexie mentale
Authors: Thibault Isabelle , Pauzé Robert , Lavoie Éric , Mercier Marie , Pesant Caroline , Monthuy-Blanc Johana , Gagnon-Girouard Marie-Pierre
Published: June 2017

L’anorexie mentale inquiète, d’une part, car elle est associée à de nombreuses complications médicales et, d’autre part, car elle est liée à un mauvais pronostic. Face à ces constats, il est impératif que les traitements les plus efficaces soient offerts aux personnes présentant une anorexie mentale. Cet article vise à présenter une revue systématique de la littérature portant sur les modalités thérapeutiques prometteuses dans le domaine de l’anorexie mentale. Parmi celles-ci, notons le traitement ambulatoire, l’importance d’une équipe multidisciplinaire ainsi que différentes approches psychothérapeutiques, dont l’approche familiale.
Les médecins de famille et la santé mentale : une expertise en mal de reconnaissance ou une pratique différente de celle des psychiatres ?
Authors: Karazivan Philippe , Leclaire Marie , Andres Cédric
Published: June 2017

Le système de santé au Québec a connu, dans la foulée du Plan d’action en santé mentale, des transformations majeures dans les services publics destinés à la santé mentale. Plusieurs patients, autrefois suivis en psychiatrie, se voient désormais orientés et traités en première ligne. Cette réforme fût mise en place alors qu’on connaissait paradoxalement assez peu la pratique et les besoins des omnipraticiens qui prodiguent les soins en santé mentale à une vaste proportion de la population. Les études évaluant leur pratique clinique démontrent une divergence dans l’application des guides de pratique par rapport aux psychiatres et concluent souvent à une compétence moindre sur le plan des compétences diagnostiques. L’objectif de cette étude est de comprendre la nature de la pratique des omnipraticiens en santé mentale, leurs besoins et surtout les limites perçues par eux-mêmes de leurs prises en charge. À l’aide d’une méthodologie qualitative d’analyse de contenu, nous avons analysé 57 demandes de consultation des omnipraticiens envers une équipe spécialisée en santé mentale. Les demandes analysées révèlent certaines particularités de cette pratique : l’incertitude liée au vaste spectre de la normalité, l’aspect longitudinal de la relation et la proximité du soma, et permettent de dégager certains axes autour desquels on peut d’ores et déjà articuler les efforts de collaboration, d’enseignement et d’organisation de soins en santé mentale de première ligne.
Modelling efficiency in education: how are European countries spending their budgets and what relation between money and performance
Authors: Flores Isabel
Published: June 2017

Aggregate expenditure in education was compared to PISA’s scores (2012) as a mean of understanding how money link to performance. We analysed global education expenditure, teachers’ pay, class size and number of teaching hours, infrastructure and teaching resources investment in European countries. Four groups of efficiency / effectiveness are proposed based on the combination of expense versus results. The author concludes that the most effective countries are Poland, Slovenia and Czech Republic, as they achieve top results with moderate investment. There are also some countries where desired score is achieved, though a lot of money is being spent. The remaining countries do not achieve desired scores and therefore are neither efficient nor effective, though Sweden and Norway spend a lot of money for very poor results, and are therefore the most inefficient countries.
"Brain drain, brain gain... brain sustain?" Challenges in building portuguese human research capacity
Authors: Hasanefendic Sandra
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a systematic but essentially descriptive account of the policy measure of stimulating human research capacity development under the policy program “Commitment to Science” in Portugal in the period 2006-2009. It explores the conditions that contributed to the development of the policy program and the measure to contract 1000 doctorates to Portuguese public and private research and development (R&D) units, and addresses the outcomes of the program within the overall science and technology policy development in Portugal. The results underline the importance of strategic policy planning and stable funding allocation for the success of policy initiatives. Further, the results indicate that the policy initiative was successful inasmuch as the Portuguese scientific community significantly increased, and also internationalised; however subsequent economic and political austerity hampered the absorption of young researchers into the public and private systems. The previous situation has been reversed since 2011 with a significant and perceivable decline in public investment in research, a decline of budgetary allocations to universities, and the migration of young researchers abroad. The analysis urges the revision of science and technology policy in Portugal and funding mechanisms available to R&D in consideration of the country’s socioeconomic situation, and with respect to other segments of the economic ecosystem.
Recensão: The Changing Soul of Europe. Religions and Migrations in Northern and Southern Europe [Helena Vilaça, Enzo Pace, Inger Furseth e Per Pettersson (orgs.), 2015, Farham, Ashgate AHRC/ESRC Religion and Society Series]
Authors: Oliveira Maria João
Published: June 2017

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