bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOREIGN-LANGUAGE SOFTWARE: THE STATE OF THE ART or PICK A CARD, ANY (FLASH) CARD
Authors: Baker Robert L.
Published: June 2022

This article gives a report on the state of the art with respect to software development for CALI for all languages, but with some emphasis on Russian. Mr. Baker concludes that much of the software has been developed either by good language teachers who do not know enough about programming, or good programmers who do not know enough about language teaching. He concludes that our best teachers should be given released time to work as members of teams to develop good software. He describes ten areas in which much current software is deficient: 1. There is a general lack of solid instructional design; 2. The techniques of discovery learning are used very little; 3. 95% is trivial; 4. It is fragmented rather than integrated; 5. Lesson content is not accurate for the language taught; 6. The programming is not user friendly due to poor formatting and documentation; 7. There is too much cuteness; 8. There is no standard for the methods of obtaining foreign characters; 9. The software is not ready and tested when advertised; and 10. It is lacking in portability.
COMPUTERIZED ADAPTIVE LANGUAGE TESTING: MOVING BEYOND COMPUTER-ASSISTED TESTING
Authors: Larson Jerry W. , Madsen Harold S.
Published: June 2022

Tests with their many inexact measurements have been the concern of psychometricians for many years. The two issues of adequate precision and a common 'yardstick' for measuring persons of different abilities have been particularly  difficult to deal with. Computer-adaptive testing holds great promise in dealing with these and related issues in the field of testing. This paper describes several test variables of concern and explains the concept of computer-adaptive testing and its relationship to these variables.
Colleagues' Perspectives on Robert Fischer
Authors: Hubbard Phil , Schulze Mathias , Smith Bryan
Published: June 2022

Colleagues' Perspectives on Robert Fischer
The design of effective mobile-enabled tasks for ESP students: A longitudinal study
Authors: Hoven Debra , Palalas Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

This paper describes and reports on the findings of the Enactment Phase of a longitudinal Design Based Research (DBR) study aiming to develop effective design principles for learning materials for English for Special Purpose (ESP) students, enabled by means of mobile devices. The process of data collection and analysis over an eighteen-month period, resulted in a conceptual model and design principles for a mobile-enabled language learning (MELL) solution. The study also generated a broader understanding of the context-embedded nature of ESP learning using mobile devices, specifically the role of aspects of the whole learning environment, ultimately contributing to real-life praxis of the Ecological Constructivist framework and the complementary approach of DBR methodology. This paper focuses on the intervention design and development completed during the Enactment phase (Phase 2). The key outcome of this phase, namely the prototype of the Mobile-Enabled Language Learning Eco-System (MELLES), encompassed eight ESP tasks accessible through a mobile-web portal which served as a gateway to the MELLES network. The design of the MELLES intervention and its constituent tasks are presented.
Computer-Mediated Grammar Teaching and its Effect on Language Acquisition over Time
Authors: Lys Franziska
Published: June 2022

When and to what extent one should teach grammar to language learners has been discussed extensively in theoretical and pedagogical literature.  Even though grammar continues to hold an important place in language teaching, there is still much controversy with regard to what works best. This article looks at the question of computer-mediated grammar teaching and its effect on language acquisition over time. In particular, it reports the results of a year-long empirical study of the effectiveness of extended online practice of L2 grammar on the overall development of L2 in learners of German.   The results of the study suggest that prolonged online grammar practice translated into higher scores on chapter exams.  However, no effect was found with regard to written work or oral chats and we concluded that prolonged online grammar practice did not have an effect on the quality of open-ended tasks  such as these over the course of a year.  Implications for language learning are discussed, exploring possible explanations on the short-term effect of online grammar instruction and the apparent lack of cumulative effect on more open-ended tasks.
Commentaries in Honor of Robert Fischer
Authors: Hubbard Phil , Schulze Mathias , Smith Bryan
Published: June 2022

Commentaries in Honor of Robert Fischer
Challenges and Directions of Script-Based Tracking in Tutorial CALL
Authors: Hwu Fenfang , Tzseng Ching-yeh
Published: June 2022

The script-based tracking refers to using computer codes to log learners’ actions with computer-based activities. For decades, researchers have advocated using this type of data to advance CALL research. However, the amount of effort and time required to collect and analyze such data may have contributed to their limited use in tutorial CALL. This paper aims to describe the technical and methodological challenges researchers face and present corresponding solutions. The first step of the solutions includes defining a tracking taxonomy and a standard tracking interface. A model in which these two sets of information can be used by the related parties in the CALL field, including researchers, software companies, and programmers, to create solutions for existing challenges and empower non-programmer researchers to conduct research using tracking data will be discussed.
Robert Fischer’s Impact on the Language Teaching and Learning Field
Authors: Egan Kathleen
Published: June 2022

No abstract
COMPUTERS IN THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM: NO LONGER A QUESTION
Authors: Hamerstrom Helen , Lipton Gladys , Suter Sherry
Published: June 2022

Anne Arundel County, Maryland, received a grant to develop and field test software programs which would integrate the use of the computer into upper level literature classes. The programs developed there as well as the hardware are described. A small study was undertaken with groups of French and Spanish language students to try and determine whether computers in the foreign language (FL) class made a difference. No significant difference was found between the results in the control and experimental groups, however, there were several uncontrolled variables accounted for.
THE HUMAN FACTOR
Authors: Kenny Minnie
Published: June 2022

This is the address by Minnie Kenny at the CALICO banquet.
APPLICATION OF COMPONENT DISPLAY THEORY IN DESIGNING AND DEVELOPING CALI
Authors: Choi Soo-Young
Published: June 2022

Component Display Theory—(Merrill 1983; Merrill, Kowallis, and Wilson 1981) has been developed to be an analytical theory-based instructional  design guide. It was the rationale underlying  the design of the TICCIT computer-assisted learning system. It forms also a major foundation for hundreds of hours of instruction  designed by Courseware, Inc. This paper discusses step-by-step procedures of its use in designing a goal-oriented Computer Assisted Language Instruction  (CALI), and in quantifying  the effectiveness of the instruction as a preliminary evaluation tool.
TECHNOLOGY IS GOOD, BUT HUMANITY IS BETTER
Authors: Alatis James E.
Published: June 2022

The author challenges language educators to use the computer wisely, as a tool for more effective learning of language which is so crucial to the building of world-wide bridges of understanding  in this age of economic interdependence and nuclear threat.
Stimulating Activity: The Role of Computers in the Language Classroom
Authors: De Quincey Paul
Published: June 2022

The author describes six types of software and the different possible roles of each in computer-assisted language learning.
Inexpensive Use of the Videodisc for Proficiency: An Attempt to Link Technology and Teachers
Authors: Sutherland Richard
Published: June 2022

This article illustrates an inexpensive use of videodisc technology in the foreign language classroom for proficiency and provides information on foreign language discs. It gives directions for combining disc materials with a given text to produce a proficiency-oriented syllabus. It also shows a simple technique for individualizing videodisc instruction. It concludes with case studies of students who learned German via individualized instruction  mediated by videodisc materials.
Effectiveness of the Interactive Videodisc Workstation in Use in the English Language Center at Brigham Young University
Authors: Branvold Dwight , Chang Linda Li , Probst Glen , Bennion Junius
Published: June 2022

Personnel in the McKay Institute and the English Language Center (ELC) at Brigham Young University have developed interactive videodisc workstations for use with non-native English-speaking students enrolled in the ELC program. These workstations, using the movie "Raiders of the Lost Ark" as an authentic language experience with student-controlled instructional processes, are evaluated according to their effectiveness and motivational value in teaching English as a second language. Nineteen ELC students (nine female and ten male) were involved in this three-week study. Two variations of the workstations were compared, each applying the instructional processes in different ways. Questionnaires and interviews were used to elicit subjects' affective responses and patterns of learning employed in the workstations. The results of the questionnaires and interviews indicated that both workstations were motivating and stimulating. These results should be viewed with the understanding that the subjects were volunteers. Pretest/posttest  gain scores were used for two purposes: first, in an attempt to find significant differences in the instructional processes involved in this method of instruction, and second, to find whether one workstation was more effective than the other. The test was designed to measure the effectiveness of the workstations in teaching content, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions. Significant  difference in effectiveness between the workstations was found only in the area of idiomatic expressions. Differences in the application of the instructional processes, however, proved substantial for the subjects and merit attention. This is a report of an evaluation and therefore may not be generalized for all interactive videodisc workstations. It may prove helpful, however, to those who anticipate incorporating interactive videodisc into their language lab.
A Foreign-Language Adventure Game: Progress Report on an Application of AI to Language Instruction
Authors: Culley Gerald , Mulford George , Milbury-Steen John
Published: June 2022

As an exercise for the language learner, a computerized adventure game has much to offer. Commercial examples in English exhibit impressive language- handling abilities as well as intriguing plots. Our list of the features such a program would have, if modified for instructional purposes, is followed by a description of our work to date on such a project.
Foreign Language Education and the New Information Environment
Authors: Halbig Michael
Published: June 2022

Plenary Address, presented at the CALICO conference in Monterey in 1987.
Establishing the Criteria for an Authoring System: The Example of Private Tutor and the Macintosh Computer
Authors: Clausing Stephen
Published: June 2022

This article outlines the design considerations that go into the making of an authoring system. The author uses examples from his own authoring system, Private Tutor, to illustrate  the points made. Many of the proposed criteria apply equally well to CAI materials in general. The emphasis of the article is not on the technical aspects of creating an authoring system but on the concepts that define its operation. In particular, the program should be intuitive and leave most of the control in the hands of the student. The author also discusses the design principles of Private Tutor in relation to the Macintosh computer. The Macintosh is seen as an excellent vehicle for the implementation of a well designed authoring system.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning Conversations: Negotiating an Outcome
Authors: Young Richard
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a model for CALL software design based on interactionist theories of first and second language acquisition. According to this model CALL software may be classified into two types: those programs which allow the learner to negotiate the outcome of the activity and those in which the outcome is fixed. An experiment was conducted in order to compare the conversational discourse generated by two different groups of students working on negotiable-outcome and non-negotiable- outcome programs. It was found that the negotiable-outcome programs generated discourse which was closer to ordinary conversation and entailed the kind of interaction which a number of researchers have claimed is beneficial to language acquisition.
Neural Network Computing and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Borchardt Frank L.
Published: June 2022

After twenty years of disfavor, a technology has returned which imitates the processes of the brain. Natural language experiments (Sejnowski & Rosenberg: 1986) demonstrate that neural network computing architecture can learn from actual spoken language, observe rules of pronunciation,  and reproduce sounds from the patterns derived by its own processes. The consequences of neural network computing for natural language processing activities, including second language acquisition and representation, machine translation, and knowledge processing may be more convulsively revolutionary than anything imagined in current technology. This paper introduces neural network concepts to a traditional natural language processing audience.
Interactive Television: A New Technology for Teaching and Learning
Authors: George Penny
Published: June 2022

This article describes an interactive television program in which one Spanish teacher reaches 3959 elementary students at nine different sites through the use of cameras and televisions in the studio and at each of the sites.
The National Foreign Language System
Authors: Lambert Richard
Published: June 2022

Opening Keynote Address, CALICO '89 At U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs
Computer Programs Developed by Independent Contractors: Who Owns The Copyright?
Authors: McGrath William T.
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the question of who owns the copyright in computer programs developed by independent contractors. An important decision by the U.S. Supreme Court last year clarified the ownership issue in a way that expands the ownership rights of independent programmers.
Development Of Interactive Videodisc Materials Using Non-Native Langauge Remediation
Authors: Whitman Kevin L.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is to present recent improvements in interactive videodisc (IVD) lesson development at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), discuss the rationale for our latest lesson design--its advantages and limitations--and discuss the rationale for IVD use at USAFA. For more than a decade, the Department of Foreign Languages (DFF) at USAFA has been seeking ways to integrate IVD technology into the foreign language classroom. After experimenting with cumbersome interactive videodisc videotape, DFF has since developed three interactive videodisc lesson designs for all seven languages taught at the Academy. The third and latest lesson design differs from the previous two in that it uses only the target language coupled with additional images and audio to mediate meaning, rather than rely on English text translations and glossaries.
A Friend In Need
Authors: Kozelka Paul R.
Published: June 2022

This article examines recent initiatives taken by French governmental and commercial radio and TV services to aid in the development of broadcasting networks in Eastern Europe and to promote awareness of the French culture and language in those countries.
Enhancing Hypercard's Language-Teaching Potential With Hypertalk External Commands And Functions
Authors: Becker Donald A.
Published: June 2022

Many external commands and functions are currently available, as shareware and public-domain freeware, that extend HyperCard's scripting language, HyperTalk, in various innovative ways. This article illustrates how HyperCard stacks designed to facilitate foreign-language learning can benefit from the use of such externals. Their installation in HyperCard stacks is demonstrated and a list of mailorder firms is provided from which they may be conveniently obtained.
Grammar-Debugger: A Parser for Chinese EFL Learners
Authors: Si-Qiug Chen , Luomai Xu
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a parser which is an extension of the deterministic model of natural language processing. The parser, named Grammar-Debugger, is made more powerful than the earlier models by a modified lookback mechanism and an additional error detecting and tolerating mechanism. The error detection and toleration capability is achieved by a minor modification of the grammar rules which are used to parse grammatical sentences, thus the generality of the grammar rules is preserved. The targeted application of the parser is in the field of CALL.
Press Any Key To Continue: Technology And Fantasy For The Rest Of The '90's
Authors: Borchardt Frank L.
Published: June 2022

CALICO '91 Symposium Banquet Address
Answer Markup Algorithms for Southeast Asian Languages presented at the 8th Annual International CALICO Symposium April 6, 1991
Authors: Henry George M.
Published: June 2022

Hart, Nesbit and Nakayama, and others have described answer markup methods for providing feedback to short answers entered by foreign language learners. These methods are not directly applicable to the languages of Southeast Asia, which are not written in a strictly linear fashion. Instead, these languages contain written tones and vowel fragments which appear above and/ or below the main line. Thus a given column may have several written letters making unmodified columnwise edit markup misleading. This paper describes the modification of Hart's edit markup software and a second variation based on a simple edit distance algorithm adapted to a general Southeast Asian font system devised by the author.
Handling Japanese without a Japanese Operating System
Authors: Hatasa Kazumi , Henstock Peter V. , Hsu Ting-Yu
Published: June 2022

The HyperCard environment of the Macintosh has become a popular platform for Japanese Language courseware because of its flexibility and ease of programming. However, due to the requirements for the KanjiTalk operating system and the difficulties in using Japanese scripts in the English environment system, the scope of the present courseware has been severely limited. This project involved creating Japanese bitmap font files for the JIS Levels 1 and 2, and writing XFCN's for font manipulation, Japanese kana input, and answer correction for the English system. With these tools, both the variety and quality of future development of Japanese language courseware will be improved.
Just-In-Time Learning Systems
Authors: Gifford Bernard R.
Published: June 2022

SPEECH - FEBRUARY 28, 1992CALICO '92 OUTREACH SYMPOSIUM, MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA
Technology and Academic Status
Authors: Borchardt Frank
Published: June 2022

Luncheon Panel Discussion - February 27, 1992Calico '92 Outreach Symposium, Monterey, California
“Martian” Novels in Russian Science Fiction in the Early 20th Century
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Khoruzhenko Tatiana I.
Published: June 2022

This article presents an attempt to consider the formation of the “Martian” text in Russian literature during the Silver Age. The author studies three novels about trips to Mars (On Another Planet by P. Infantiev, On a Neighboring Planet by V. Kryzhanovskaya, Red Star by A. Bogdanov) published in Russia from 1901 to 1908. The aim of the study is to identify the main stable elements of the structure that appeared in all the three novels. The author employs methods of comparative historical analysis. All the three novels are compared with each other and placed into the context of the mystical, utopian, and scientific searches of the epoch. The author identifies common elements of the structure of the narrative in the three texts (the composition consists of three parts: description of life on Earth — flight to Mars — return) and plot (interaction between earthlings and Martians, the idea of Martians as older comrades, a love story of a Martian and an earthling). It was also possible to trace the correlation of the three novels with the utopias of place and time and find out the influence of life-creating strategies that were popular in the Silver Age. The article examines the influence of the “Martian” text which emerged at the beginning of the century on Soviet science fiction starting with A. Tolstoy’s Aelita and ending with the novels of 1960s–1980s. As a result, the author concludes that the “Martian” text of the early twentieth century laid down the main questions about interaction with the inhabitants of other planets, the possibility of colonization, and the price that one must pay for the contact with other worlds. Soviet science fiction searched for answers to them.
Between Organisational Difficulties and Conceptual Contradictions: The Preparation of World History by Soviet Researchers of the Late 1940s — Early 1960s
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Metel Olga V.
Published: June 2022

The author of this article considers the specific challenges faced by Soviet historians when working on World History, a multi-author ten-volume publication that was supposed to showcase the Soviet historiography of the 1950s and present the history of humanity from the primitive age to modernity. The author of this article analyses several historical sources: office documents of the USSR Academy of Sciences, periodicals, scholarly texts on history, etc. The analysis of these documents makes it possible to reconstruct the main mechanisms of organising work on the multi-author publication and present the “construction” and “assembly” of the finalised text. The author divides the World History project development into two stages: the 1930s–1940s and the 1950s–1960s. In the 1930s–1940s, the organisational difficulties and conceptual differences hindered the finalisation of the book before the war. In early postwar years, this project was irrelevant, and the work was resumed in 1950. However, initially, the historians faced considerable obstacles when organising the process of work on the book. Certain changes took place after a special section was established at the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences which was responsible for the work on World History and carrying out special discussions meant to solve the problems in relating history. Therefore, in 1955–1965, all the ten volumes of this edition were published, and they received overall positive feedback from colleagues. However, the publication soon came to be entitled “irrelevant classics” and failed to spread far and wide among the Soviet population.
A nova teoria neoclássica do crescimento e o problema do subdesenvolvimento econômico brasileiro
Authors: BUENO NEWTON PAULO
Published: June 2022

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é mostrar que a teoria do crescimento endógeno é, na melhor das hipóteses, insuficiente para explicar o subdesenvolvimento econômico brasileiro. A principal razão para isso é que essa teoria atribui grande importância ao papel do capital humano no processo de crescimento econômico que não é justificável no caso brasileiro. Em vez disso, o principal problema da economia brasileira parece ser a incapacidade de seu setor moderno de absorver a maioria da população. Isso não pode ser feito apenas através do aumento de capital humano; requer, em primeiro lugar, um grande programa de investimento físico para ampliar o tamanho do setor moderno atualmente aberto apenas a uma minoria da população, insuficiente para permitir a recuperação da economia brasileira.
A mágica do dr. Gustavo Franco, revisitada
Authors: ALMONACID RUBEN DARIO
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Após a introdução do Plano Real em 1994, o Brasil seguiu um caminho dinâmico que implicava: a) uma forte valorização da taxa de câmbio real, gerando uma deterioração significativa das Contas Correntes e Comercial e eb) um uso pesado de empréstimos estrangeiros manutenção de taxas de juros muito altas para atrair novos capitais, a fim de financiar esses déficits. Dados os números envolvidos no experimento brasileiro, esse caminho não é sustentável a longo prazo, pois a dívida externa cresce de forma explosiva, implicando que, mais cedo ou mais tarde, precisará ser corrigida. Este artigo apresenta algumas simulações mostrando algumas restrições que um caminho de equilíbrio deve satisfazer.
Costo económico de atención de embarazos atribuibles a la falla de la política de prevención del embarazo adolescente en México
Authors: Aracena-Genao Belkis , Leyva-Flores Rene , Gutiérrez-Reyes Juan Pablo
Published: June 2022

El objetivo fue estimar el costo médico directo de la atención a embarazos atribuibles a la falla en la política de prevención de embarazos adolescentes en México. Estudio económico que estimó, desde la perspectiva del proveedor, el costo medio de atención prenatal, parto, puerperio, aborto y complicaciones. Para cuantificar los costos atribuibles a la falla de la política, se construyeron tres escenarios: (a) embarazos totales; (b) embarazos por arriba de la meta; (c) embarazos no deseados. También se estimó el costo de proveer anticonceptivos y se describieron características de las adolescentes embarazadas. De las adolescentes (n = 5.477.027), 30,2% había iniciado vida sexual; 46,8% usaba anticonceptivo; 44,1% se había embarazado y 9,1% abortó. La mayoría de embarazadas (65%) estudió secundaria o menos; 30% abandonó la escuela; 72,5% vivían en pareja; 72,3% presentó complicaciones. El costo medio de atención del embarazo se estimó en USD 2.210,55 y el de proveer anticonceptivos en USD 64,95. El costo total por la falla de la política se estimó para cada escenario (en millones): (a) USD 1.614,39, (b) USD 876,61 y (c) USD 171,50, respectivamente; mientras que el costo anual de proveer anticonceptivos en cada escenario se estimó en: (a) USD 47,43, (b) USD 25,76 y (c) USD 5,04. La falla de la política se expresa en alta frecuencia de embarazo en adolescentes de bajos ingresos y en altos costos para el sistema de salud. La provisión de anticonceptivos es 34 veces más barata que la atención de embarazos y podría, aunado al mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida, contribuir a disminuir la frecuencia de embarazos en adolescentes.
Avaliação da implementação do Programa Saúde na Escola do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica: 2012, 2014 e 2018
Authors: Wachs Louriele Soares , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Thumé Elaine , Tomasi Elaine , Fassa Maria Elizabeth Gastal , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal
Published: June 2022

Este estudo avalia a implementação e descreve as ações desenvolvidas no Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) pelas equipes de saúde da atenção básica que aderiram ao Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) em 2012, 2014 e 2018. A participação das equipes em atividades de saúde escolar aumentou ao longo dos três ciclos de avaliação, com ampliação das ações de avaliação clínica, de promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos. No ciclo II, 24% das equipes realizaram as sete ações de avaliação clínica, 18% realizaram as seis ações de promoção e prevenção. Entretanto, 6,3% das equipes não realizaram nenhuma ação de avaliação clínica e 8,8%, nenhuma de promoção e prevenção da saúde. No ciclo III, mais de 90% das equipes participaram do PSE, o planejamento conjunto para as ações nas escolas foi relatado por 84% das equipes de saúde e mais de 60%, das equipes realizavam reuniões conjuntas com as escolas. Houve institucionalização do PSE em todas as regiões do país, sendo mais desenvolvida nos municípios com 10 a 30 mil habitantes, menor nível de Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M) e maior cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Apesar da evolução positiva, o predomínio das ações de avaliação clínica em relação às de promoção da saúde e a proporção de equipes que ainda apresentam limitações no trabalho conjunto entre saúde e educação sugerem certo distanciamento das diretrizes do PSE. Para avançar na implementação do PSE, é preciso realizar formação dos profissionais de saúde e educação; aprofundar a conexão intersetorial; ampliar a implementação de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e manter políticas que permitam realizar a avaliação do PSE, de forma a subsidiar seu desenvolvimento.
PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION ATTENUATES BINGE EATING AND FOOD ADDICTION 1 YEAR AFTER ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: CARLOS Ligia de Oliveira , RAMOS Marilia Rizzon Zaparolli , WAGNER Nathalia Ramori Farinha , FREITAS Lineu Alberto Cavazani de , FELICIDADE Ingrid , CAMPOS Antonio Carlos Ligocki
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: The use of probiotics as adjuvants in the treatment of eating disorders, known as psychobiotics, has already been investigated as a means of modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on binge eating and food addiction in subjects after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 101 patients who received probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07) or placebo supplements for 90 days after bariatric surgery, starting on the seventh postoperative day. They were evaluated preoperatively (T0) and postoperatively at 90 days (T1) and 1 year (T2) after surgery. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and Binge Eating Scale (BES) were applied to assess food addiction and binge eating, respectively. RESULTS: Before surgery, one-third of the patients presented with a food addiction and binge eating diagnosis. The number of symptoms of YFAS and the BES score decreased significantly in both groups at T1 compared to T0. However, a significant effect of treatment with probiotics was observed 1 year after surgery (T2). Both the number of symptoms of food addiction and the binge eating score were lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (p=0.037 and p=0.030, respectively). CONCLUSION: The use of probiotic supplementation for 90 days in the immediate postoperative period may decrease food addiction symptoms and binge eating score up to 1 year after surgery compared to controls.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF ACERTO PROTOCOL IN MAJOR DIGESTIVE SURGERY
Authors: AGUILAR-NASCIMENTO José Eduardo de , BICUDO-SALOMÃO Alberto , RIBEIRO Mara Regina Rosa , DOCK-NASCIMENTO Diana Borges , CAPOROSSI Cervantes
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Hospital costs in surgery constitute a burden for the health system in all over the world. Multimodal protocols such as the ACERTO project enhance postoperative recovery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the hospital costs in patients undergoing major digestive surgical procedures with or without the perioperative care strategies proposed by the ACERTO project. METHODS: Retrospective data from elective patients undergoing major digestive surgical procedures in a university hospital between January 2002 and December 2011 were collected. The investigation involved two phases: between January 2002 and December 2005, covering cases admitted before the implementation of the ACERTO protocol (pre-ACERTO period), and cases operated between January 2006 and December 2011, after implementation (ACERTO period). The primary outcome was the comparison of hospital costs between the two periods. As secondary end point, we compared length of stay (LOS), postoperative complications, surgical-site infection (SSI) rate, and mortality. RESULTS: We analyzed 381 patients (239 of the pre-ACERTO period and 142 of the ACERTO period) who underwent major procedures on the gastrointestinal tract. Patients operated after within the ACERTO protocol postoperative LOS had a median of 3 days shorter (p=0.001) when compared with pre-ACERTO period [median (IQR): 10 (12) days vs. 13 (12) days]. Mortality was similar between the two periods. Postoperative complications risk, however, was 29% greater (RR: 1.29; 95%CI 1.11-1.50) in the pre-ACERTO period (p=0.002). SSI risk was also greater in pre-ACERTO period (RR: 1.33; 95%CI 1.14-1.50). Costs (mean and SE) per patients were R$24,562.84 (1,349.33) before the implementation and R$19,912.81 (1,459.89) after the ACERTO protocol (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The implementation of the ACERTO project in this University Hospital reduced the hospital costs in major digestive procedures. Moreover, the implementation of this modern perioperative care strategy also reduced postoperative complications, SSI risks, and LOS.
GASTRIC TWIST AFTER SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY: A PROPOSAL FOR ENDOSCOPIC CLASSIFICATION
Authors: SIQUEIRA Luciana T. , SANTA-CRUZ Fernando , PONTUAL João Paulo , AQUINO Maria Amélia R. , DOMPIERI Luca T. , KREIMER Flávio , FERRAZ Álvaro A. B.
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: The twisting of the gastric tube is one of the main causes of persistent reflux and food intolerance after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). To date, there is no classification for gastric twist after SG. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to propose an endoscopic classification for this condition and outline the clinical profile of these patients with sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS: Patients in the postoperative period of SG presenting endoscopic findings of gastric twist were included. All patients underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy 12 months after SG. The classification proposed consists of three degrees: degree I: mild rotation of the staple line without relevant shrinkage of the gastric lumen; degree II: moderate rotation of the staple line, leading to a focal area of fixed narrowing that requires additional maneuvers for its transposition; and degree III: severe rotation of the staple line leading to stenosis, with increased difficulty for transposition or complete blockage. RESULTS: Out of 2,723 patients who underwent SG, 45 (1.6%) presented gastric twist. Most patients were female (85%), with mean age of 39±10.4 years. In all, 41 (91.1%) presented degree I, 3 (6.7%) presented degree II, and 1 (2.2%) had degree III. Most patients were asymptomatic (n=26). Vomiting was the most prevalent symptom (15.5%). Statistically significant correlation of twisting degrees was not observed for both the presence of symptoms and the degrees of esophagitis. CONCLUSION: Gastric twist after SG is rare, with generally mild and asymptomatic presentation. The endoscopic classification was not statistically related to clinical presentation but set the ground for further analysis.
ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM: IMPORTANCE IN SURGICAL CLINIC
Authors: PRADO NETO Edmundo Vieira , PETROIANU Andy
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the portal system and its anatomical variations aids to prevent surgical adverse events. The portal vein is usually made by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, together with their main tributaries, the inferior mesenteric, left gastric, and pancreaticoduodenal veins; however, anatomical variations are frequent. AIM: This article presents a literature review regarding previously described anatomical variations of the portal venous system and their frequency. METHODS: A systematic review of primary studies was performed in the databases PubMed, SciELO, BIREME, LILACS, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Databases were searched for the following key terms: Anatomy, Portal vein, Mesenteric vein, Formation, Variation, Variant anatomic, Splenomesenteric vein, Splenic vein tributaries, and Confluence. RESULTS: We identified 12 variants of the portal venous bed, representing different unions of the splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, and inferior mesenteric vein. Thomson classification of the end of 19th century refers to the three most frequent variants, with type I as predominant (M=47%), followed by type III (M=27.8%) and type II (M=18.6%). CONCLUSION: Thomson classification of variants is the most well-known, accounting for over 90% of portal venous variant found in clinical practice, inasmuch as the sum of the three junctions are found in over 93% of the patients. Even though rarer and accounting for less than 7% of variants, the other nine reported variations will occasionally be found during many abdominal operations.
PRELIMINARY DATA ON LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN HYDATIDOSIS DISEASE
Authors: CASTRO Alexia Rangel de , HYPPOLITO Elodie Bomfim , VALENÇA-JÚNIOR José Telmo , COELHO Gustavo Rego , GARCIA José Huygens Parente
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Hydatidosis is a rare and endemic parasitic disease in Brazil that causes the proliferation of cysts mainly in the liver, leading to many complications, such as compression of vessels and biliary ducts, liver failure, portal hypertension, and cirrhosis. The treatment of choice is the resection of the lesions combined with albendazole therapy. This disease is a rare indication for liver transplantation, a feasible treatment option in more advanced stages. AIM: The purpose of this study was to describe two cases of patients from northern Brazil who underwent liver transplantation due to hepatic hydatidosis. METHODS: This is a retrospective study with data collected from medical records. RESULTS: Case 1: A 51-year-old female patient presented pain in the right hypochondriac, dyspepsia, consumptive syndrome, and obstructive jaundice, with a previous diagnosis of Caroli’s disease with no possibility of surgical resection and a MELD score of 24. She underwent liver transplantation, and the anatomopathological result demonstrated hydatidosis. Case 2: A 52-year-old female patient presented multiple episodes of cholangitis in 30 years, with three liver resections and clinical treatment with albendazole for hydatidosis. She underwent liver transplantation due to recurrent cholangitis with a MELD score of 20. Both patients underwent post-transplant clinical therapy with albendazole, had good outcomes, and remain in follow-up without complications after 5 and 96 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: The patients benefited from the procedure and have a good prognosis due to the absence of metastasis, early reintroduction of antiparasitic drugs, and continuous follow-up.
Clinical features of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: an oral pathologist’s perspective
Authors: Netto Juliana de Noronha Santos , Pires Fábio Ramoa , Costa Karen Hurtado Andrade , Fischer Ricardo Guimarães
Published: June 2022

Abstract The clinicopathological features that precisely characterize oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) still represent a challenge. The aim of the present study was to analyze, from an oral pathologist perspective, the clinical features from OLP and OLL. Specimens fullfilling the histological criteria for OLP and OLL, and also compatible with OLP (OLP-C), were selected and clinical information was retrieved from the laboratory forms. The final sample was composed by 221 cases, including 119 OLP (53.8%), 65 OLP-C (29.4%) and 37 OLL (16.7%). Females were more affected in the three groups, but the number of males was higher in OLL. Mean age was lower in OLP (52.3 years) in comparison with OLL (57.9 years) (p=0.020). Buccal mucosa and tongue involvement was more frequent in OLP; gingival involvement was uncommon in OLL. The reticular pattern was more frequently found in OLP, while the association of reticular and atrophic/erosive/ulcerated patterns was more common in OLP-C and OLL (p=0.025). In conclusion, gender and mean age of the patients, and anatomical location and clinical manifestation of OLL are different from OLP, and could help to better characterize this group of conditions. Specimens diagnosed as OLP-C showed clinical parameters close to OLP.
Demineralized human dentin matrix for alveolar ridge preservation using a volumetric and histologic analyses in rats
Authors: Moraes Gabriela Fracasso , Caetano Rodrigo de Oliveira , Prochnow Fernanda Harumi Oku , Pupo Yasmine Mendes , Schussel Juliana Lucena , Schwartz-Filho Humberto Osvaldo
Published: June 2022

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate a Demineralized Human Dentine Matrix (DHDM) as viable biomaterial for alveolar ridge preservation in a rat model. Wistar rats were submitted to the extraction of maxillary first molars bilaterally. Sockets were filled with biomaterials and divided into 4 experimental groups (n=5): blood clot, autogenous bone, bovine-derived xenograft (BDX) and DHDM. Animals were sacrificed at 7, 14 e 28 days. Microtomography (uCT) volumetric evaluation and qualitative histological analyses were performed. Results obtained through the uCT showed similar values between the DHDM and the other experimental groups. The histological evaluation demonstrated DHDM with an unspecific inflammatory process and bone neoformation with slow reabsorption of the material. This result indicates that DHDM implanted in rat sockets is biocompatible and reduces the alveolar ridge volume loss after tooth extraction.
Postoperative pain after endodontic reintervention: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Spohr Andressa Raquel , Xavier Samantha Rodrigues , Malta Cristiana Pereira , Pereira-Cenci Tatiana , Pappen Fernanda Geraldo , Morgental Renata Dornelles
Published: June 2022

Resumo O objetivo deste ensaio clínico randomizado foi comparar a prevalência e a intensidade da dor pós-operatória em casos de retratamento endodôntico, utilizando instrumentos manuais ou reciprocantes (automatizados). O tempo necessário para desobturação e reinstrumentação do canal radicular também foi avaliado. Quarenta e oito indivíduos possuindo um dente unirradicular tratado endodonticamente e portador de periodontite apical assintomática foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos (n=24/grupo): retratamento com instrumentos manuais de aço inoxidável ou um sistema reciprocante de níquel-titânio (Reciproc; VDW, Munique, Alemanha). A reintervenção endodôntica foi realizada em duas consultas, sendo aplicada medicação intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio por 14 dias, antes da obturação. O tempo clínico gasto com os protocolos de desobturação e reinstrumentação do canal radicular foi registrado com um cronômetro digital. Após cada visita, a intensidade da dor pós-operatória foi avaliada em 12, 24, 48 horas e 7 dias por meio da escala de estimativa numérica (Numerical Rating Scale - NRS). Além do registro da dor, os pacientes foram questionados quanto ao uso de analgésicos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por testes Qui-quadrado e Mann-Whitney (α=0.05). Não foi detectada diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto à prevalência e intensidade da dor ou uso de analgésicos em nenhum dos períodos avaliados. O tempo clínico foi significativamente menor no grupo reciprocante (18 versus 41 minutos). Pode-se concluir que os instrumentos manuais e reciprocantes foram equivalentes quanto à prevalência e intensidade de dor pós-operatória e uso de analgésicos, mas a desobturação e reinstrumentação do canal radicular foram duas vezes mais rápidas com o sistema reciprocante.
Whitening efficacy of popular natural products on dental enamel
Authors: Maciel Carla Roberta de Oliveira , Amorim Ayodele Alves , Oliveira Rebeca Franco de Lima , Vivanco Rocio Geng , Pires-de-Souza Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri
Published: June 2022

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural bleaching products on the color, whiteness, and superficial properties of dental enamel. Seventy fragments of bovine teeth were obtained (6mm x 6mm x 2mm). Initial surface roughness (Surfcorder SE1700, Kosakalab), microhardness (HMV-2, Shimadzu), color (EasyShade, VITA), and surface gloss (Micro-Gloss 45º BYK, Gardner) readings were done. Samples were separated into five groups (n=14) according to the treatments used: CT-conventional toothpaste (negative control); CH-charcoal; TU-turmeric; BP-banana peel, and CP16%-16% carbamide peroxide gel (positive control, 4 h/day for 14 days), and then brushed for 560 cycles (T1) and 1200 cycles (T2), equivalent to 14 and 30 days of brushing. New measurements were performed after T1 and T2. The whiteness index for dentistry change (∆WID) and Weight loss (Wl) were calculated. CP16% demonstrated the highest (p<.05) color change (ΔE00) and ∆WID (2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, p<.05). Surface gloss alterations were lower for TU, CP16%, and BP. CT and CH increased surface roughness (p<.05). CP16% decreased enamel microhardness. CH presented medium abrasiveness, and CT and TU, low abrasiveness. The popular bleaching products were not efficient for tooth whitening. Furthermore, brushing with charcoal increased the enamel surface roughness, and CP16% decreased enamel microhardness over time
Noncontact 3D evaluation of surface topography of reciprocating instruments after retreatment procedures
Authors: Zaccaro-Scelza Miriam Fatima , Martinez Renato Lenoir Cardoso Henrique , Tavares Sandro Oliveira , Gonçalves Fabiano Palmeira , Montagnana Marcelo , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da , Scelza Pantaleo
Published: June 2022

Abstract This study evaluated the Reciproc R25 and Pro-R 25 instruments in unused condition, after one and a second use in endodontic retreatment employing a noncontact 3D light interferometer profiler, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic fatigue tests. Twenty single-root teeth were instrumented with Reciproc R25 and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. A 3D profiler with a 20x objective using the Mx™ software was used to evaluate the cutting blade surfaces of Reciproc R25 and Pro-R 25 (n=5 per group) in unused condition, after the first and second uses in retreatment procedures. After retreatment, SEM was used to evaluate the topographic features of the used instruments. Cyclic fatigue tests were performed to compare new to used instruments. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test was used to compare the tested instruments before and after the first and second uses. Student t-test was used to compare the different instruments and for cyclic fatigue evaluation. No significant differences were observed in the cutting blade surfaces of Reciproc and Pro-R before and after one and two uses (p>0.05). Reciproc without use showed higher Sa and Sq when compared to Pro-R without use (p<0.05). No differences were observed between Reciproc and Pro-R after one and two uses (p>0.05). New and unused Reciproc showed longer time to fracture than Pro-R instruments (p<0.05), and only Pro-R showed differences between new and used instruments (p<0.05). Retreatment procedures with Reciproc and Pro-R did not change the surface topography of instruments. Reciproc had greater resistance to cyclic fatigue compared with Pro-R.