bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in Slovakia
Authors: Babela Robert , Orsagh Andrej , Ricova Jana , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Csanadi Marcell , De Koning Harry , Reckova Maria
Published: November 2021

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an ideal disease for screening due to known and detectable precursor lesions and slow progression from benign adenoma to invasive cancer. The introduction of organized population-based screening programs reduces the burden of colorectal cancer and increases the quality of the screening process with a more favorable harm to benefit ratio compared to opportunistic screening.

Methods

The study used the microsimulation screening analysis-colon simulation model for the estimation of the effect of various factors on cancer incidence and mortality. The model simulated the Slovakian population from 2018 to 2050. Study includes the analysis of two screening strategies the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) every 2 years and annual FIT. Cost-effectiveness parameters were evaluated comparing each simulated screening scenario with no screening.

Results

Compared to no screening, the biennial FIT would detect 29 600 CRC cases and annual FIT 37 800 CRC cases. Mortality due to CRC showed benefits for both strategies with 17,38% reduction in biennial FIT and 24,67% reduction in annual FIT approach. Both screening programs were more costly as well as more effective compared to no screening. The ICER for biennial FIT strategy was 1776 EUR per 1 QALY and for the annual FIT 3991 EUR per 1 QALY.

Conclusions

In summary, this is the first cost-effectiveness analysis focusing on multiple national CRC screening strategies in Slovakia. Both strategies demonstrated cost-effectiveness compared to no screening. However, for optimal population-based programmatic screening strategy, the policymakers should also consider human resources availability, acceptability of screening test among the population or additional resources including the screening funding.
Revisiting the Performance of Firms Recognized for Creating a Healthy Culture
Authors: Payne Brian C. , Bredthauer Jeff S.
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To augment several prior JOEM studies, which associated firms with recognized health and safety programs with outsized firm stock performance.

Methods:

Stock performance of CHAA and C. Everett Koop National Health Award winners are analyzed using standard asset-pricing, risk-adjusted modeling to compare them against benchmark stock portfolios.

Results:

While wellness programs are laudable, the firms did not universally outperform a market benchmark over extended periods when controlling for well-established measures of portfolio risk.

Conclusions:

Investors could have also expected to underperform the market based on the excess risk involved with these selected companies. Investors must recognize that adding these award-winning companies to their portfolios also increases the overall riskiness and volatility of their portfolios. The previously documented outsized returns could be the reward for bearing this additional risk.

JEL categories: G11, G51, J26, J32.
How Much Delay Matters? How Time to Treatment Impacts Overall Survival in Early Stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Tang Andrew , Ahmad Usman , Raja Siva , Bribriesco Alejandro C. , Sudarshan Monisha , Rappaport Jesse , Khorana Alok , Blackstone Eugene H. , Murthy Sudish C. , Raymond Daniel P.
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to identify drivers of time from diagnosis to treatment (TTT) of surgically resected early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and determine the effect of TTT on post-resection survival.

Summary Background Data:

Large database studies that lack relevant comorbidity data have identified longer TTT asa driver of worse overall survival.

Methods:

From January 1, 2014 to April 1, 2018, 599 patients underwent lung resection for clinical stage I and II NSCLC. Random forest classification, regression, and survival were used to estimate likelihood of TTT = 0 (tissue diagnosis obtained at surgery), >0 (diagnosis obtained pre-resection), and effect of TTT on all-cause mortality.

Results:

Patients with TTT > 0 (n = 413) had median TTT of 42 days (25–75th percentile: 27-59 days). Patients with TTT = 0 (n = 186) had smaller tumors and higher percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%). Patients with history of stroke, oncology consultation, invasive mediastinal staging, low and high extremes of FEV1% had longer TTT. Higher clinical stage, lack of preoperative stress test, anemia, older age, lower FEV1% and diffusion lung capacity, larger tumor size, and longer TTT were the most important predictors of all-cause mortality. One- and 5-year overall survival decreased when TTT was >50 days.

Conclusions:

Preoperative physiologic workup and multidisciplinary evaluation were the predominant drivers of longer TTT. Patients with TTT = 0have more favorable presentation and should be considered in TTT analyses for early stage lung cancer populations. The time needed to clinically stage and optimize patients for resection is not deleterious to overall survival until resection is performed after 50 days from diagnosis.
Nanoviricide’s platform technology based NV-CoV-2 polymer increases the half-life of Remdesivir in vivo
Authors: Chakraborty Ashok , Diwan Anil , Arora Vinod , Thakur Yogesh , Chiniga Vijetha , Tatake Jay , Holkar Preetam , Holkar Neelam , Pond Bethany
Published: November 2021

So far, there are seven coronaviruses identified that infect humans and only 4 of them belong to the beta family of coronavirus (HCoV-HKU1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV). SARS family are known to cause severe respiratory disease in humans. In fact, SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a pandemic COVID-19 disease with high morbidity and mortality. Remdesivir (RDV) is the only antiviral drug so far approved for COVID-19 therapy by the FDA. However, the efficacy of RDV in vivo is limited due to its low stability in presence of plasma. This is the report of analysis of the non-clinical pharmacology study of NV-CoV-2 (Polymer) and NV-CoV-2-R (Polymer encapsulated Remdesivir) in both infected and uninfected rats with SARS-CoV-2.

Detection and quantification of NV-CoV-2-R in plasma samples was done by MS-HPLC chromatography analyses of precipitated plasma samples from rat subjects.

NV-CoV-2-R show RDV peak in MS-HPLC chromatography, whereas only NV-CoV-2 does not show any RDV-Peak, as expected.

NV-CoV-2 polymer encapsulation protects RDV in vivo from plasma-mediated catabolism.

Body weight measurements of the normal (uninfected) rats after administration of the test materials (NV-CoV-2, and NV-CoV-2-R) show no toxic effects on them.

Our platform technology based NV-387-encapsulated-RDV (NV-CoV-2-R) drug has a dual effect on coronaviruses. First, NV-CoV-2 itself as an antiviral regimen. Secondly, RDV is protected from plasma-mediated degradation in transit, rendering altogether the safest and an efficient regimen against COVID-19.
DNA Strand Breaks and Gaps Target Retroviral Binding and Integration
Authors: Senavirathne Gayan , Gardner Anne , London James , Fishel Richard , Yoder Kristine E.
Published: November 2021

Integration into a host genome is essential for retrovirus infection and is catalyzed by a nucleoprotein complex (Intasome) containing the viral integrase (IN) and reverse transcribed (RT) copy DNA (cDNA). Previous studies demonstrated DNA site recognition limited intasome integration. Using single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET), we show Prototype Foamy Virus (PFV) intasomes pause at DNA strand breaks and gaps. The break/gap discontinuities are similar to base excision repair (BER) lesion-processing intermediates, which affect retrovirus integration in vivo. Pausing targeted site-directed integration at the break/gap without inducing intasome conformational alterations. An 8-oxo-guanine lesion normally processes by BER and a G/T mismatch or a +T nucleotide insertion that induce flexibility or a bend in the DNA backbone did not promote intasome pausing or targeted integration. These results suggest that repair intermediates can modulate dynamic intasome-DNA interactions which target retroviral integration.
Human Cytomegalovirus modifies placental small extracellular vesicle secretion and composition towards a proviral phenotype to enhance infection of fetal recipient cells
Authors: Bergamelli Mathilde , Martin Hélène , Aubert Yann , Mansuy Jean-Michel , Marcellin Marlène , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Hurbain Ilse , Raposo Graça , Izopet Jacques , Fournier Thierry , Benchoua Alexandra , Bénard Mélinda , Groussolles Marion , Cartron Géraldine , le Gac Yann Tanguy , Moinard Nathalie , D’Angelo Gisela , Malnou Cécile E.
Published: November 2021

Although placental small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are extensively studied in the context of pregnancy, little is known about their role during human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) congenital infection, especially at the beginning of pregnancy. In this study, we examined the consequences of hCMV infection on sEVs production, composition and function using an immortalized human cytotrophoblast cell line derived from first trimester placenta. By combining complementary approaches of biochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative proteomic analysis, we showed that hCMV infection increases the yield of sEVs produced by cytotrophoblasts and modifies their protein content towards a proviral phenotype. We further demonstrate that sEVs secreted by hCMV-infected cytotrophoblasts potentiate infection in naive recipient cells of fetal origin, including human neural stem cells. Importantly, these functional consequences are also observed with sEVs prepared from either anex vivomodel of infected histocultures from early placenta or from the amniotic fluid of patients naturally infected by hCMV at the beginning of pregnancy. Based on these findings, we propose that placental sEVs could be key actors favoring viral dissemination to the fetal brain during hCMV congenital infection.

Significance Statement

Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection is a major issue during pregnancy, affecting 1% of births in western countries. Despite extensive research, the pathophysiology of this congenital infection remains unclear. Recently, increasing evidence point to the key role of placental small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in materno-fetal communication during pregnancy. Here, we examined the impact of hCMV infection on the protein composition and function of placental sEVs. We observe that hCMV infection leads to major changes in placental sEV protein content. Functional studies show the ability of sEVs produced by placental infected cells to facilitate further infection of naive recipient fetal cells, notably human neural stem cells. Our study demonstrates that placental sEVs are key players of hCMV pathophysiology during congenital infection.
TWIST1 methylation by SETD6 selectively antagonizes LINC-PINT expression in Glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Admoni-Elisha Lee , Feldman Michal , Elbaz Tzofit , Chopra Anand , Shapira Guy , Fry Christopher J , Shomron Noam , Biggar Kyle , Levy Dan
Published: November 2021

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor among adults, which is characterized by high invasion, migration and proliferation abilities. One important process that contributes to the invasiveness of GBM is the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is regulated by a set of defined transcription factors which tightly regulate this process, among them is the basic helix-loop-helix family member, TWIST1. Here we show that TWIST1 is methylated on lysine-33 at chromatin by SETD6, a methyltransferase with expression levels correlating with poor survival in GBM patients. RNA-seq analysis in U251 GBM cells suggested that both SETD6 and TWIST1 regulate cell adhesion and migration processes. We further show that TWIST1 methylation attenuates the expression of the long-non-coding RNA, LINC-PINT, thereby suppressing EMT in GBM. Mechanistically, TWIST1 methylation represses the transcription of LINC-PINT by increasing the occupancy of EZH2 and the catalysis of the repressive H3K27me3 mark at the LINC-PINT locus. Under un-methylated conditions, TWIST1 dissociates from the LINC-PINT locus, allowing the expression of LINC-PINT which leads to increased cell adhesion and decreased cell migration. Together, our findings unravel a new mechanistic dimension for selective expression of LINC-PINT mediated by TWIST1 methylation.
Modulation of hippocampal network oscillation by PICK1-dependent cell surface expression of mGlu3 receptors
Authors: Tuduri Pola , Bouquier Nathalie , Girard Benoit , Moutin Enora , Thouaye Maxime , Perroy Julie , Bertaso Federica , Ster Jeanne
Published: November 2021

mGlu3 receptors control the sleep/wake architecture which plays a role in the glutamatergic pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Interestingly, mGlu3 receptors expression is decreased in the brain of schizophrenic patients. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating mGlu3 receptors at the cell membrane. Subcellular receptor localization is strongly dependent on proteinprotein interactions. Here we show that mGlu3 interacts with PICK1 and that their binding is important for receptor surface expression and function. Disruption of their interaction via an mGlu3 C-terminal mimicking peptide or an inhibitor of the PDZ domain of PICK1 altered the functional expression of mGlu3 receptors. Consequently, we investigated whether disruption of the mGlu3-PICK1 interaction affects hippocampal theta oscillations in vitro and in vivo. We found a decreased frequency of theta oscillations in organotypic hippocampal slices, similar to what previously observed in mGlu3 −/− mice. In addition, hippocampal theta power was reduced during REM sleep, NREM sleep and wake states after intra-ventricular administration of the mGlu3 C-terminal mimicking peptide. Targeting the mGlu3-PICK1 complex could thus be relevant to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Conservation of Microstructure between a Sequenced Region of the Genome of Rice and Multiple Segments of the Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Mayer Klaus , Murphy George , Tarchini Renato , Wambutt Rolf , Volckaert Guido , Pohl Thomas , Düsterhöft Andreas , Stiekema Willem , Entian Karl-Dieter , Terryn Nancy , Lemcke Kai , Haase Dirk , Hall Caroline R. , van Dodeweerd Anne-Marie , Tingey Scott V. , Mewes Hans-Werner , Bevan Michael W. , Bancroft Ian
Published: November 2021

The nucleotide sequence was determined for a 340-kb segment of rice chromosome 2, revealing 56 putative protein-coding genes. This represents a density of one gene per 6.1 kb, which is higher than was reported for a previously sequenced segment of the rice genome. Sixteen of the putative genes were supported by matches to ESTs. The predicted products of 29 of the putative genes showed similarity to known proteins, and a further 17 genes showed similarity only to predicted or hypothetical proteins identified in genome sequence data. The region contains a few transposable elements: one retrotransposon, and one transposon. The segment of the rice genome studied had previously been identified as representing a part of rice chromosome 2 that may be homologous to a segment of Arabidopsis chromosome 4. We confirmed the conservation of gene content and order between the two genome segments. In addition, we identified a further four segments of the Arabidopsis genome that contain conserved gene content and order. In total, 22 of the 56 genes identified in the rice genome segment were represented in this set of Arabidopsis genome segments, with at least five genes present, in conserved order, in each segment. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that theArabidopsis genome has undergone multiple duplication events. Our results demonstrate that conservation of the genome microstructure can be identified even between monocot and dicot species. However, the frequent occurrence of duplication, and subsequent microstructure divergence, within plant genomes may necessitate the integration of subsets of genes present in multiple redundant segments to deduce evolutionary relationships and identify orthologous genes.
Massive Sequence Comparisons as a Help in Annotating Genomic Sequences
Authors: Louis Alexandra , Ollivier Emmanuelle , Aude Jean-Christophe , Risler Jean-Loup
Published: November 2021

An all-by-all comparison of all the publicly available protein sequences from plants has been performed, followed by a clusterization process. Within each of the 1064 resulting clusters—containing sequences that are orthologous as well as paralogous—the sequences have been submitted to a pyramidal classification and their domains delineated by an automated procedure à la PRODOM. This process provides a means for easily checking for any apparent inconsistency in a cluster, for example, whether one sequence is shorter or longer than the others, one domain is missing, etc. In such cases, the alignment of the DNA sequence of the gene with that of a close homologous protein often reveals (in 10% of the clusters) probable sequencing errors (leading to frameshifts) or probable wrong intron/exon predictions. The composition of the clusters, their pyramidal classifications, and domain decomposition, as well as our comments when appropriate, are available fromhttp://chlora.infobiogen.fr:1234/PHYTOPROT.
“KARIBIN,” an Information Resource for Obtaining Genomic Information in a Cytogenetic Band
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Shen-Ong Grace , Ostell Jim
Published: November 2021

KARIBIN (http://sgiweb.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/Zjing/yac.html) is a karyotypicregion-based integrated information resource that provides a comprehensive view of the integrated mapping and sequencing data for the human genome. A cytogenetic band is linked to a genetic or physical location using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping data. The genetic, physical mapping data and the sequencing data are integrated using STS markers positioned on multiple maps. For each cytogenetic band, the user can obtain the most up-to-date information that includes genetic and physical maps, human transcript gene map, YAC and PAC/BAC clone coverage, disease gene phenotype, and high throughput genomic sequences from the major human genome sequencing centers. This information provides a framework for future experiments and may accelerate the process of disease gene hunting. It is envisioned that other cytogenetic-based information such as chromosome aberrations can be linked to this framework.
A Sequence-Ready BAC Clone Contig of a 2.2-Mb Segment of Human Chromosome 1q24
Authors: Vollrath Douglas , Jaramillo-Babb Virna L.
Published: November 2021

Human chromosomal region 1q24 encodes two cloned disease genes and lies within large genetic inclusion intervals for several disease genes that have yet to be identified. We have constructed a single bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone contig that spans over 2 Mb of 1q24 and consists of 78 clones connected by 100 STSs. The average density of mapped STSs is one of the highest described for a multimegabase region of the human genome. The contig was efficiently constructed by generating STSs from clone ends, followed by library walking. Distance information was added by determining the insert sizes of all clones, and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and genes were incorporated to create a partial transcript map of the region, providing candidate genes for local disease loci. The gene order and content of the region provide insight into ancient duplication events that have occurred on proximal 1q. The stage is now set for further elucidation of this interesting region through large-scale sequencing.

[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to GenBank under accession nos. G42259–G42312 and G42330–G42335.]
Optical Mapping of Plasmodium falciparum Chromosome 2
Authors: Jing Junping , Lai Zhongwu , Aston Christopher , Lin Jieyi , Carucci Daniel J. , Gardner Malcolm J. , Mishra Bud , Anantharaman Thomas S. , Tettelin Hervé , Cummings Leda M. , Hoffman Stephen L. , Venter J. Craig , Schwartz David C.
Published: November 2021

Detailed restriction maps of microbial genomes are a valuable resource in genome sequencing studies but are toilsome to construct by contig construction of maps derived from cloned DNA. Analysis of genomic DNA enables large stretches of the genome to be mapped and circumvents library construction and associated cloning artifacts. We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis purified Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2 DNA as the starting material for optical mapping, a system for making ordered restriction maps from ensembles of individual DNA molecules. DNA molecules were bound to derivatized glass surfaces, cleaved with NheI or BamHI, and imaged by digital fluorescence microscopy. Large pieces of the chromosome containing ordered DNA restriction fragments were mapped. Maps were assembled from 50 molecules producing an average contig depth of 15 molecules and high-resolution restriction maps covering the entire chromosome. Chromosome 2 was found to be 976 kb by optical mapping withNheI, and 946 kb with BamHI, which compares closely to the published size of 947 kb from large-scale sequencing. The maps were used to further verify assemblies from the plasmid library used for sequencing. Maps generated in silico from the sequence data were compared to the optical mapping data, and good correspondence was found. Such high-resolution restriction maps may become an indispensable resource for large-scale genome sequencing projects.
Functional Genomics in Caenorhabditis elegans: An Approach Involving Comparisons of Sequences from Related Nematodes
Authors: Thacker Colin , Marra Marco A. , Jones Alana , Baillie David L. , Rose Ann M.
Published: November 2021

Comparative genomic analysis was used to investigate the gene structure of the bli-4 locus from two relatedCaenorhabditis species, C. elegans and C. briggsae. In C. elegans, bli-4 is a complex gene encoding a member of the kex2/subtilisin-like family of proprotein convertases. Genomic sequence comparisons coupled with RT–PCR analysis identified five additional coding exons that had not been identified previously using standard recombinant DNA techniques. The C. briggsae gene was able to rescue both viable blistered and developmentally arrested mutants of C. elegans bli-4, demonstrating functional conservation. In addition, deletion analysis of conserved sequences outside of coding regions, combined with phenotypic rescue experiments, identified regulatory elements that alter the expression of the bli-4 gene. These results demonstrate the utility of genomic sequence comparisons of homologous genes in related species as an effective tool with which to dissect the functional information of complex genes.

[The sequence for cosmid K0410 is available at GenBank (accession no. AFO 39719); fosmids G06P23 and G25K01 are available as online supplementary material atwww.genome.org.]
A High-Density Integrated Genetic Linkage and Radiation Hybrid Map of the Laboratory Rat
Authors: Steen Robert G. , Kwitek-Black Anne E. , Glenn Christopher , Gullings-Handley Jo , Van Etten William , Atkinson O. Scott , Appel Diane , Twigger Simon , Muir Melanie , Mull Tim , Granados Mary , Kissebah Mushira , Russo Kerri , Crane Robbin , Popp Michael , Peden Marc , Matise Tara , Brown Donna M. , Lu Jian , Kingsmore Stephen , Tonellato Peter J. , Rozen Steve , Slonim Donna , Young Peter , Knoblauch Margit , Provoost Abraham , Ganten Detlev , Colman Steven D. , Rothberg Jonathan , Lander Eric S. , Jacob Howard J.
Published: November 2021

The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is a key animal model for biomedical research. However, the genetic infrastructure required for connecting phenotype and genotype in the rat is currently incomplete. Here, we report the construction and integration of two genomic maps: a dense genetic linkage map of the rat and the first radiation hybrid (RH) map of the rat. The genetic map was constructed in two F2 intercrosses (SHRSP × BN and FHH × ACI), containing a total of 4736 simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers. Allele sizes for 4328 of the genetic markers were characterized in 48 of the most commonly used inbred strains. The RH map is a lod ≥ 3 framework map, including 983 SSLPs, thereby allowing integration with markers on various genetic maps and with markers mapped on the RH panel. Together, the maps provide an integrated reference to >3000 genes and ESTs and >8500 genetic markers (5211 of our SSLPs and >3500 SSLPs developed by other groups). [Bihoreau et al. (1997); James and Tanigami, RHdb (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/RHdb/index.html); Wilder (http://www.nih.gov/niams/scientific/ratgbase); Serikawa et al. (1992); RATMAP server (http://ratmap.gen.gu.se)] RH maps (v. 2.0) have been posted on our web sites at http://goliath.ifrc.mcw.edu/LGR/index.htmlor http://curatools.curagen.com/ratmap. Both web sites provide an RH mapping server where investigators can localize their own RH vectors relative to this map. The raw data have been deposited in the RHdb database. Taken together, these maps provide the basic tools for rat genomics. The RH map provides the means to rapidly localize genetic markers, genes, and ESTs within the rat genome. These maps provide the basic tools for rat genomics. They will facilitate studies of multifactorial disease and functional genomics, allow construction of physical maps, and provide a scaffold for both directed and large-scale sequencing efforts and comparative genomics in this important experimental organism.
A 12-Mb Complete Coverage BAC Contig Map in Human Chromosome 16p13.1–p11.2
Authors: Cao Yicheng , Kang Hyung Lyun , Xu Xuequn , Wang Mei , Dho So Hee , Huh Jun Ryul , Lee Byeong-Jae , Kalush Francis , Bocskai Diana , Ding Yan , Tesmer Judith G. , Lee Jonghyeob , Moon Eunpyo , Jurecic Vesna , Baldini Antonio , Weier Heinz-Ulrich , Doggett Norman A. , Simon Melvin I. , Adams Mark D. , Kim Ung-Jin
Published: November 2021

We have constructed a complete coverage BAC contig map that spans a 12-Mb genomic segment in the human chromosome 16p13.1–p11.2 region. The map consists of 68 previously mapped STSs and 289 BAC clones, 51 of which—corresponding to a total of 7.721 Mb of genomic DNA—have been sequenced, and provides a high resolution physical map of the region. Contigs were initially built based mainly on the analysis of STS contents and restriction fingerprint patterns of the clones. To close the gaps, probes derived from BAC clone ends were used to screen deeper BAC libraries. Clone end sequence data obtained from chromosome 16-specific BACs, as well as from public databases, were used for the identification of BACs that overlap with fully sequenced BACs by means of sequence match. This approach allowed precise alignment of clone overlaps in addition to restriction fingerprint comparison. A freehand contig drawing software tool was developed and used to manage the map data graphically and generate a real scale physical map. The map we present here is ∼3.5 × deep and provides a minimal tiling path that covers the region in an array of contigous, overlapping BACs.
Structural studies of N-(methoxysalicylidene)-fluoroaniline, N-(methoxysalicylidene)-chloroaniline and N-(methoxysalicylidene)-bromoaniline derivatives
Authors: Mason Helen E. , Yates Jane L. R. , Potts Rachael J. , Gutmann Matthias J. , Howard Judith A. K. , Sparkes Hazel A.
Published: November 2021

Twenty seven N-(methoxysalicylidene)-haloaniline (halo = F, Cl or Br) compounds were synthesized. The crystal structures of all 27 compounds have been determined at low temperature and are reported herein, along with a variable-temperature neutron diffraction study on two of the compounds. New polymorphs were identified for two of the compounds along with a temperature-induced phase transition for one of the other compounds. Visual observations on the thermochromism of the 27 compounds are also reported. The interplanar angle between the two aromatic rings and the intermolecular interactions in the structures are examined and linked to the visual observations on the thermochromism.
Mapping social structures for sustainability transformation at McGill University, Canada
Authors: Winkler Klara Johanna , Bennett Elena , Chestnutt Hannah R.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

For a university to be a prime mover for sustainability transformation, all units of the university should contribute. However, organizational change in educational institutions is often studied by examining specific domains such as research or operation in isolation. This results in a less-than-complete picture of the potential for university-wide change. In contrast, this paper aims to examine the network of social relations that determine the diffusion and sustainability of change efforts across a university. The authors use McGill University (Canada) as a model system to study the network of actors concerned with sustainability to learn how this network influences the penetration of sustainability throughout the university.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore the existing social structure, the authors use an innovative approach to illuminate the influence of social structure on organizational change efforts. Using a mixed methods approach combining social network analysis with qualitative interview data, the authors examine the influence of the social structure on sustainability transformation at McGill University. The authors conducted 52 interviews between January and April 2019 with representatives of different sustainability groups at the university across six domains (research, education, administration, operations, connectivity and students).

Findings

The authors find that McGill University has a centralized system with a low density. The network is centralized around the Office of Sustainability. The limited cross-domain interaction appears to be a result of differences in motivation and priorities. This leads to a network that has many actors but only a limited number of connections between them. The quality of the relationships is often utilitarian, with only a few relationships aiming for support and mutual growth.

Originality/value

This study brings together social network analysis, sustainability transformation and higher education in a new way. It also illustrates the complexity of guiding a large organization, such as a university, toward a sustainability transformation. Furthermore, it reveals the importance of considering each part of the university as part of an interconnected network rather than as isolated components.
European sources for advertising and marketing history
Authors: Strickland Jeannette
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to build on Fred Beard’s study of the world’s archives to identity historical advertising and marketing ephemera, published in this journal in 2018, by focussing on resources available in Europe to augment his survey.

Design/methodology/approach

Online searching, supplemented by literature emanating from the business archive sector, led to the identification of 177 repositories or online sites in Europe holding advertising and marketing archives of significance for researchers. These are set out in two accompanying tables.

Findings

A wide diversity of European archives that are open to researchers is revealed in this paper. Many are the archives of the business themselves, but a number of collecting repositories are also listed, brought together for the first time.

Research limitations/implications

This paper focusses solely on Europe but does not claim to be comprehensive, as the study was time-limited and readers will, no doubt, know of resources that the author has missed. The findings relate mostly to Western Europe, so there is scope for further study to encompass archives in the former eastern bloc. Exploration of sources in Africa, Asia and Latin America would further supplement Beard’s original study.

Originality/value

This research brings together the broadest list of advertising and marketing sources open to researchers in Europe published to date. As Beard’s focus was more on the Americas, this examination redresses the balance with an array of European sources which, it is hoped, will contribute to the greater use of many little-known or under-researched resources by researchers across the world.
The impact of manager recognition training on performance: a quasi-experimental field study
Authors: Scherbaum Charles A. , Naidoo Loren J. , Saunderson Roy
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Employee recognition programs are ubiquitous, and recognition is a multibillion-dollar industry. Yet, very little research has tested the utility of recognition-based interventions. The purpose of this paper was to examine the impact of managerial training for employee recognition on the occurrence of recognition and unit-level performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The design was a quasi-experimental field study of branches within a financial services company. Differences between a recognition training group and a no-training control group were examined using objective unit-level performance and recognition data before and after the training intervention.

Findings

Results indicated that the training program led to more recognition and improved unit performance compared to control.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size was small, but the research demonstrates that managerial recognition training is effective.

Practical implications

This research establishes the effectiveness of recognition training and describes its effects on important business outcomes, supporting the notion that recognition programs may be a worthwhile investment for organizations.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first to demonstrate the benefit of training managers on effective recognition practices on recognition behavior and unit performance.
Geopolitical uncertainty and sovereign bond yields of BRICS economies
Authors: Subramaniam Sowmya
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The politically unstable economies have high and volatile sovereign spread. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of geopolitical uncertainty on sovereign bond yields.

Design/methodology/approach

The sovereign yields at various maturities were decomposed into three factors, namely, level, slope and curvature, using the Dynamic Nelson Siegel model. The relationship between geopolitical uncertainty and the yield curve factors was examined using a quantile causality test.

Findings

The study found that at the extreme high-rate regime, geopolitical uncertainty causes the yield curve factors positively, indicating bond investors demand a higher return for geopolitical uncertainty. On the other hand, during extreme low-rate regime geopolitical causes the short- and medium-term factors negatively. The extreme low-rate regime indicates the period of economic slowdown. During this regime, the central banks try to reduce the short-term rates to stimulate growth.

Originality/value

This is one of the few papers that investigates the relationship between the geopolitical risk and sovereign bond yields at the various maturities and interest rate regimes. Understanding the relationship between the geopolitical risk and short-term rates would help the central banks the efficacy of their policy actions. The long-term rates are influenced by the global investor preferences; examining the relationship with the long-term rates would help the investors frame the trading strategies.
Acceptability of emergency department triage nurse's advice for patients to attend general practice: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Toloo Ghasem (Sam) , Lim David , Chu Kevin , Kinnear Frances B , Morel Douglas G , Wraith Darren , FitzGerald Gerry
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Demand for ED care is increasing at a rate higher than population growth. Strategies to attenuate ED demands include diverting low‐acuity general practice‐type ED attendees to alternate primary healthcare settings. The present study assessed the ED attendees' receptiveness to accept triage nurse's face‐to‐face advice to explore alternate options for medical care and what factors influence the level of acceptance.

Methods

The ED attendees of four major public hospital EDs in Brisbane were surveyed between August and October 2018, using a questionnaire informed by Health Belief Model's cues to action.

Results

Of the 514 valid responses, 81% of respondents were very likely/likely to accept the triage nurse's advice to see a general practitioner. Self‐perceived urgency of presenting condition/s (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78–0.97), not having confidence in general practitioner (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.21–0.66) and having a medical record at the hospital (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.36–0.99) were negatively associated with the likelihood of accepting the advice. For every point increase in perceived seriousness, the odds of accepting the advice decreased by 16% (95% CI 6–25%).

Conclusion

Most of the participants believed that EDs were for emergent care and they attended the ED because they perceived their presenting condition/s to be serious and/or urgent. The acceptability of face‐to‐face advice by triage nurse to seek help in general practice was influenced by perceived threats of the illness, and the underlying beliefs about availability, accessibility, suitability and affordability of the service.
Hibernation with rhythmicity: the circadian clock and hormonal adaptations of the hibernating Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans)
Authors: XIE Zhigang , AHMAD Ibrahim M. , ZUO Lirong , XIAO Feng , WANG Yongpeng , LI Dongming
Published: November 2021

Hibernation is one of the fundamental strategies in response to cold environmental temperatures. During hibernation, the endocrine and circadian systems ensure minimal expenditure of energy for survival. The circadian rhythms of key hormones, melatonin (MT), corticosterone (CORT), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4), and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms of hibernation have been well determined in mammals but not in ectotherms. Here, a terrestrial hibernating species, Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans), was employed to investigate the plasma CORT, MT, T3, and T4; and the retina, brain, and liver mRNA expression of the core clock genes, including circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock), brain and muscle ARNT‐like 1 (Bmal1), cryptochrome (Cry) 1 and 2, and period (Per) 1 and 2, at 7‐time points over a 24‐h period under acute cold (1 day at 4°C), and hibernation (45 days at 4°C). Our results showed that the circadian rhythms of the core clock genes were rather unaffected by acute cold exposure in the retina, unlike the brain and liver. In contrast, during hibernation, the liver clock genes displayed significant circadian oscillations, while those in the retina and brain stopped ticking. Furthermore, plasma CORT expressed circadian oscillations in both groups, and T3 in acute cold exposure group, whereas T4 and MT did not. Our results reveal that the plasma CORT and the liver sustain rhythmicity when the brain was not, indicating that the liver clock along with the adrenal clock synergistically maintains the metabolic requirements to ensure basic survival in hibernating Asiatic toads.
Efficacy and safety of 3 mg pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor as support to chemotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Ji Xiang , Xu Lisheng , Pan Pengfei , Xu Zhiyun , Wang Aihua , Li Yu
Published: November 2021

Background

NCCN guidelines recommend a dose of 100 μg/kg or a fixed dose of 6 mg pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (PEG rhG‐CSF) for chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia. However, a single dose of 60 μg/kg or 100 μg/kg produced a similar neutrophil response among patients with chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia (CIN). Thus, this prospective randomized study was designed to investigate the efficacy of 3 mg PEG rhG‐CSF in preventing acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) after chemotherapy.

Methods

Patients with stage IIIB/IVA lung cancer who underwent chemotherapy were randomly divided into a (i) control group, and (ii) treatment group subject to 3 mg PEG rhG‐CSF after chemotherapy. Patients in the control group were administered rhG‐CSF (5 μg/kg) when decreased absolute neutrophil count (ANC) reached grade 3 of adverse events. The primary outcome was incidence of ALRTI, and the secondary outcomes included ANC, febrile neutropenia (FN), incidence of delayed chemotherapy, infection‐related medical expenses and adverse reactions.

Results

Compared with the control group, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of ALRTI (9.6% vs. 24.6%, p < 0.01), FN (1.7% vs. 7.3%, p < 0.001) and neutropenia (8.3% vs. 23.3%, p < 0.01) in the PEG‐rhG‐CSF group. The incidence of ALRTI was significantly correlated with the grade of CTCAE on ANC. The main adverse reactions of PEG‐rhG‐CSF were pain and fatigue, among which three cases showed pain of ≥ grade 3. The cost of infection‐associated medical expenditure in the treatment group was greatly reduced compared with the control group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

ALRTI could well be prevented after prophylactic application of PEG‐rhG‐CSF (3 mg), and was related to the reduced neutropenia.
Clarifying gambling subtypes: the revised pathways model of problem gambling
Authors: Nower Lia , Blaszczynski Alex , Anthony Wen Li
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims

The pathways model is a highly cited etiological model of problem gambling. In the past two decades, a number of studies have found support for the model's utility in classifying gambling subtypes. The aims of this paper were to refine empirically the model subtypes and to revise and update the model based on those findings.

Design and Measurement

Observational study using data collected from treatment‐seeking problem gamblers using the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and the Gambling Pathways Questionnaire (GPQ).

Setting

Treatment clinics in Canada, Australia and the United States.

Participants

A convenience sample of 1168 treatment‐seeking problem gamblers, aged 18 years or older.

Findings

Empirically validated risk factors were analyzed using latent class analyses, identifying a three‐class solution as the best‐fitting model. Those in the largest class (class 1: 44.3%, n = 517) reported the lowest levels of all etiological risk factors. Participants in class 2 (39.5%, n = 461) reported the highest rates of anxiety and depression, both before and after gambling became a problem, as well as childhood maltreatment, and a high level of gambling for stress‐coping. Those in class 3 (16.3%, n = 190) reported high levels of impulsivity; risk‐taking, including sexual risk‐taking; antisocial traits; and coping to provide meaning in life and to alleviate stress.

Conclusions

The revised pathways model of problem gambling includes three classes of gamblers similar to the three subtypes in the original pathways model, but class 3 in the revised pathways model is distinct from class 2, showing higher levels of risk‐taking and antisocial traits and gambling motivated by a desire for meaning/purpose and/or to alleviate stress. Class 2 in the revised pathways model demonstrates high levels of childhood maltreatment as well as gambling for stress‐coping.
Intra‐articular methylprednisolone and bupivacaine for treatment of sesamoid disease in dogs
Authors: Thomson C , Gordon CL , Greer RM , Webster N , Mitchell R
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The sesamoid disease is a cause of lameness in dogs, and there is limited literature relating to diagnosis, treatment and outcome of treatment in dogs with the sesamoid disease. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of intra‐articular metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joint injection with methylprednisolone and bupivacaine (IMPB) or conservative management with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatories and rest (CMNR) for treatment of this disease.

Materials and methods

We conducted a retrospective survey of dogs treated for the sesamoid disease with IMPB or CMNR. The medical records of all dogs that received IMPB or were recommended CMNR for treatment of sesamoid pain were reviewed, and a client questionnaire was delivered to owners. Response to treatment, rapidity of response, length of resolution and recurrence of clinical signs associated with the sesamoid disease were assessed.

Results

A total of 78 dogs were included in the study. One week after IMPB, 52/58 (89.7%) dogs demonstrated resolution of lameness compared with 1 week of CMNR, 0/18 (P < 0.001). There was limited statistical evidence in client satisfaction between treatment groups, IMPB 36/53 (67.9%) and CMNR 16/17 (94%) (P = 0.052). Dogs presenting with the sesamoid disease had comorbidities in 51/78 (65.4%) of cases. Elbow disease was the most common comorbidity 29/78 (37.2%).

Conclusion

Our results support the use of IMPB for short‐term (1 week) resolution of lameness associated with sesamoid disease in dogs. Dogs treated with CMNR had slower improvement; however, there was no difference in lameness or client satisfaction between treatment groups at long‐term follow‐up (12 months).
Native ants help to spread an invasive African grass in the Cerrado
Authors: Rebolo Isabele F. , Zirondi Heloiza L. , Fidelis Alessandra , Christianini Alexander V.
Published: November 2021

Plant–animal interactions may facilitate biological invasions. The African grass Urochloa decumbens is an aggressive invader in the Cerrado. We demonstrate that native ants are dispersing the seeds to short distances, allowing the gradual spread of the invasive to sites without the need of great anthropogenic soil disturbances.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Survival rates of ultra‐short (<6 mm) compared with short locking‐taper implants supporting single crowns in posterior areas: A 5‐year retrospective study
Authors: Lombardo Giorgio , Signoriello Annarita , Marincola Mauro , Liboni Pietro , Bonfante Estevam A. , Nocini Pier F.
Published: November 2021

Background

Short and ultra‐short implants represent a predictable treatment, in terms of implant survival, with patients presenting insufficient available bone volumes. Moreover, single crown restorations represent a gold standard in terms of oral hygiene.

Purpose

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate implant survival, marginal bone loss, and peri‐implant complications in 333 locking‐taper short and ultra‐short implants.

Materials and Methods

Implants were placed in the maxillary and mandibular posterior regions of 142 patients. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at 5‐year recall appointments.

Results

All implants placed consisted of 8.0‐, 6.0‐, and 5.0‐mm length, 38.14%, 34.53%, and 27.33%, respectively. Three hundred thirty‐two implants (one early failure) were rehabilitated with single crowns in 141 patients. In 45.48% of the implants the crown‐to‐implant ratio was ≥2, with a mean value of 1.94. Overall implant‐based survival after 5 years of follow‐up was 96.10%: 96.85%, 95.65%, and 95.60% for 8.0‐, 6.0‐, and 5.0‐mm length implants, respectively (p = 0.82). Overall patient‐based survival was 91.55%. Regarding crestal bone level variations, average crestal bone loss and apical shift of the “first bone‐to‐implant contact point” position were 0.69 and 0.01 mm, respectively. Setting the threshold for excessive bone loss at 1 mm, during the time interval from loading to follow‐up, 28 implants experienced loss of supporting bone greater than 1 mm: 19 of them (67.85%) were surgically treated with a codified surgical regenerative protocol. After 60 months, a peri‐implantitis prevalence of 5.94% was reported, with an overall implant success of 94.06%: 95.93%, 92.73%, and 93.10% for 8.0‐, 6.0‐, and 5.0‐mm length implants, respectively (p = 0.55).

Conclusion

Long‐term outcomes suggest that short and ultra‐short locking‐taper implants can be successfully restored with single crowns in the posterior area of the maxilla and mandible.