bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking down the Gender Pay Gap through a machine learning model
Authors: Edelsztein Valeria Carolina , Waisbrot Sebastián Ariel
Published: June 2023

Being able to decompose the gender pay gap (GPG) and determine the contribution of each component is important to design appropriate policies to reduce it. With the aim of providing a new tool to achieve this, in this paper, we propose a decomposition approach based on a machine learning model. The tool was implemented on a population of 5,742 Argentinean IT-related workers to obtain the value of the adjusted and unadjusted GPG in a four-phase process: sample characterization, development of a wage predictor, calculation of adjusted GPG, and analysis of the explained component of GPG. According to our analysis, there is a GPG of 20%, 7,7% of which can be explained exclusively by direct discrimination while 12,3% can be ascribed to other factors, such as total years of experience, educational level, and number of people in charge.
ICONOGRAPHIC CONDENSATION IN THE WORK OF REM KOOLHAAS. ON THE WAY FROM TRIPLE DISSOCIATION CONCEPT/MEANING/IMAGE TO THE AMBIVALENT IN-SIGNIFICANT MEANING
Authors: Besa Eneko
Published: June 2023

This article shows the attempts and struggles of recent architecture to reconcile the question of meaning (also image) with the abstract and schematic structure of modernity. This is a question that architecture has apparently not yet managed to synthesize, hence the interest in addressing this issue.With this aim, the study follows the trace of Koolhaas’ controversial interest in meaning, starting from the semantic conglomeration of his first works, which are a re-appropriation of avant-garde elements. Then this paper continues with the analysis of Zeebrugge Terminal and the latest iconic buildings of the last decade (2000-2012) which represent an iconographic condensation in the work of Koolhaas, a communicative wholeness which recovers iconicity through its unity.The paper will follow Koolhaas’ trajectory until its latest (2013) contradictory re-adoption of illuminist rational and neutral language. An apparently unexpected swerve which in fact shows that Koolhaas’ approach to iconography was less interested in the question of meaning but rather in the intention of perverting it.Therefore, the method of this article is based on a descriptive route through some of Koolhaas' works. This route is accompanied by certain references that advocate iconic architecture, Jencks (2006/2007), Van Berkel & BOS (2006/2007), or show an interest in diagrammatic architecture, Somol (1999). At the same time, this study includes the curious comparisons of the book: Morphologie, City Metaphors by Ungers (1982), Koolhaas' indisputable referent. The study ends with a comparison of the ways in which Koolhaas and Venturi claim, each in his own way, the iconic and signifying recovery in architecture.Regarding this question of research method, the suggestive character of the content of this text is rooted in and based on the systematic and precise study of the previous article on the Dutch Embassy in Berlin by Koolhaas.1 This previous article constitutes a thorough deconstruction of the building of the Embassy, which the author recommends reading beforehand.
AN APPROACH TO THE ARCHITECTONICAL METHOD THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF THE DUTCH EMBASSY IN BERLIN BY KOOLHAAS & OMA
Authors: Besa Eneko
Published: June 2023

This article ventures into the investigation about method in architecture, that is, about the way in which we think and create architecture. In order to achieve such an objective, the article simply re-thinks a specific architecture that already exists, the Dutch Embassy in Berlin. In this way, architectonical object and work are considered the susceptible elements that provide the material knowledge that unravels the manner and the methodology by which they were conceived.A sensitive and intuitive itinerary through the graphic documents published about the embassy allows us to access a continuous narrative dissertation that deconstructs the conceptual issues that have constituted the building. Thus, this paper developed an object-based method, as opposed to traditional and orthodox text-based research. This does not preclude the inclusion of innumerable references related to the conceptual issues that we can find in this architectonical analysis (Ungers, Vidler, Somol, etc., see citations and bibliography).In this way, the paper differentiates itself from the scientific-historical research. Having it as a support, the paper opens a new way for future research which can be specifically focused on the architectonical project's methodology.At times, this research development can be disconcerting. This is because architectonical method, our way of thinking and creating, is never analytically structured. Neither can a text that tries to unravel the creative method be strictly linear. For this reason, this text is an essay that tries to introduce us to the deepest motivations of a project, most of the time intertwined in the form of spiral paths, cyclical paths that unite and contradict each other at the same time. Therein lies the uniqueness of this study.A second article 1 complements this analysis of the Embassy with an itinerary that, in this case, extends its route to other buildings by Koolhaas. This second paper also uses other comparisons with other historical references, for example, Venturi.Both articles find in Koolhaas' method strategies based on a paradoxical conceptual identity, a diagrammatic coherence that coexists with the greatest semantic inconsistency. The impossible concordance between form, meaning and image. The scepticism towards the impossible unity, which, at the same time, pursues a challenging unitary iconic condensation.
HISTORY, HERITAGE, AND PROSPECTS OF ZARDOZI AND BEADWORK BATUAS OF BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH
Authors: Siddhu Meeta , Karolia Anjali
Published: June 2023

The word ‘Batua’ comes from Hindi language, and it means a small bag of leather or cloth which has partitions on its inner side. One such craft related to the humble batua is the ‘Batua- making’ craft of Bhopal. A ‘Bhopali batua’ is a small purse adorned with zardozi and bead work and was used for keeping paan (beetle leaves), laung (cloves), itar (perfume) and other fragrant material by the royals and subsequently by the locals of Bhopal. Legends associate the development of batua making craft at Bhopal to the begums of Bhopal. A series of steps are taken to complete batuas and involve embroiderers, tailors, and helpers. These are delicately adorned with zardozi, bead work or a combination of both. The steps include layout, design transfer, embroidery, setting and stitching, putting the dori and finishing. Bhopali batua, zardozi and beadwork embody the cultural heritage and tradition of Bhopal. In olden times Bhopal was a prominent Zardozi center along with Delhi, Hyderabad, Lucknow etc. and till date Bhopal has a vast pool of zardozi and batua artisans. Patronized by the begums of Bhopal, batua making and zardozi were introduced by the begums in Bhopal as a source of income for womenfolk. Even today, these crafts can serve as a potential aid in government efforts for women empowerment and combating unemployment. However, lack of documentation and scholarly attention is posing barriers in the implementation of welfare and training policies. The present study is aimed at exploring the various aspects of zardozi and batua making for its sustainability and livelihood generation through it. The study is based on a mixed methods approach bordering more towards a qualitative study as the area of research is unexplored and lacks the presence of secondary data. Primary data were collected through unstructured interviews and focus group discussion. The present study aims to explore and document the traditional zardozi and beadwork batuas of Bhopal for its documentation and sustainability.
Village Design Guide as a Tool to Determine the Village Landscape Character: A Case Study of Troy Historic National Park (Çanakkale)
Authors: Esra CENGİZ Ayşe , PUYAN Deniz
Published: June 2023

İlk olarak İngiltere’de uygulamaya konulan ve bugün Avrupa’da da yaygın olarak kullanılan 'köy tasarım rehberi', kırsal alanların mekânsal planlamasına dair çözüm yöntemlerinden biridir ve köy peyzaj karakterinin belirlenmesi olarak
tanımlanabilir. Bunun yanı sıra köy tasarım rehberi; köylerin kırsal ve yerel kimliğinin güçlendirilmesi ile diğer kırsal yerleşimlerden farkının ortaya konması noktasında detaylı mekânsal öneriler getirir. Ülkemiz mekânsal planlama
sisteminde ise kırsal alanların planlamasına ilişkin yasal düzenlemeler oldukça kısıtlı ve kırsal yerleşim kimliğini korumaktan son derece uzaktır. Kırsal kimliğin korunması ve geliştirilmesi, ilgili mevzuatta yeterince yer almamakla
beraber; 2013 yılında 3194 sayılı İmar Kanunu’nun 8. Maddesi’ne eklenen 'köy tasarım rehberi' bu bağlamda önemli bir gelişmedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı öncelikle; Troya Tarihi Milli Parkı (TTMP) sınırları içinde yer alan altı
adet köy yerleşimine (Çıplak, Halileli, Kalafat, Kumkale, Tevfikiye, Yeniköy) ait köy peyzaj karakterinin belirlenmesi, korunması ve geliştirilmesidir. Çalışmada, Cengiz (2020)’den yararlanılarak dört aşamalı bir değerlendirme
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda ilk olarak çalışma alanı sınırları ve çalışma amacı belirlenmiş, ikinci olarak ilgili literatür verileri toplanmış ve arazi çalışması gerçekleştirilmiş, üçüncü olarak köylere ilişkin doğal ve
kültürel peyzaj özellikleri tespit edilmiş ve ilgili literatür de dikkate alınarak köy tasarım rehberi oluşturulmuş, dördüncü olarak ise çalışma alanındaki köyler köy tasarım rehberleri kapsamında değerlendirilmiş, kırsal kimliğin
tanımlanması, korunması ve geliştirilmesi çerçevesinde öneriler sunulmuştur.
PENYULUHAN TENTANG PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS DAN MIKROBA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI SERTA PENDAPATAN PETANI SAYUR DI KELURAHAN PEJARAKAN KARYA KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Huzaini Moh. , Satarudin Satarudin , Ro’is Ihsan
Published: June 2023

Tujuan penyuluhan ini adalah bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan praktis kepada para petani tentang  bagaimana cara memanfaatkan limbah Jerami padi dijadikan kompos, pupuk kendang dan penggunaan Mikroba untuk meningkatkan kesuburan  lahan ke arah peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan petani. Bentuk kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah penyuluhan sekaligus praktik tentang bagaimana cara memanfaatkan limbah jerami padi dijadikan  kompos, pupuk kandang dan penggunaan  mikroba  untuk meningkatkan produksi pertaniannya dan sekaligus untuk meningkatkan pendapatan. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah : a. Pada dasarnya para petani sudah terbiasa menggunakan pupuk kandang dan jerami padi dalam kegiatan menanam sayur, namun penggunaan mikroba dan MOL (mikro organisme local) sebagai pengganti pupuk kimia dan pestisida belum pernah dikakukan : b. Sebagian besar dari para peserta pelatihan ingin dibimbing dalam kegiataan bertani yang menggunakan mikroba dan MOL untuk meningkatkan kualitas hasil produksi dan pendapatan mereka
Utilization of Various Vegetable Insecticides to Control Grayak Caterpillars (Spodoptera litura) on Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) in Laboratory
Authors: Azwana Azwana , Sihotang Saipul
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of various vegetable insecticide extracts on controlling armyworm (Spodoptera litura) on soybean plants in the laboratory. The research was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area, from November 2021 to April 2022, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Non Factorial, consisting of 7 treatment levels, namely: N0 = no treatment (control), N1 = Mindi leaf extract concentration 5% (50 m/l water), N2 = Mindi leaf extract 10% (100 ml.l water), N3 = Mindi leaf extract concentration 15% (150 m/l water), N4 Babadotan concentration 5 % (50 ml/l air), N5 = 10% concentration of Babadotan leaf extract (100 ml/lair), N6 = 15% concentration of Babadotan leaf extract (150 ml/lair), with repetition 3. Parameters observed for Armyworm Mortality (%), LC50, LT50, the proportion of the effectiveness of vegetable insecticides on armyworm mortality and the amount of feed consumed. The results showed that the application of vegetable insecticides had a significant and very significant effect on armyworm mortality from 4 days after application to 10 days after application with the highest mortality proportion at a concentration of 15%. The LC50 values of the plant insecticides mindi leaves and babadotan leaves were almost the same, namely 4.69 and 4.48%. The LT 50 value for a concentration of 15% showed that babadotan leaf extract was faster than mindi leaf extract, namely mindi leaves 5.145 days and babadotan leaves 4.633 days. Concentrations of 10 and 15 % of the 2 plant extracts tested showed the same effectiveness on mortality of S. litura caterpillars and higher dissolving concentrations of 5%. The amount of feed consumed was also significantly different with the highest amount of feed in the control treatment (60.75 g) followed by the treatment of mindi leaves and babadotan leaves at concentrations of 15, 10, and 5%.
Relationship between socio-economic characteristics and goat rearing beneficiaries with their extent of participation poverty alleviation programmes
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Extension And Rular Sociology. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, R NETAJI SEETHARAMAN , R VELUSAMY ,   Department of Agricultural Extension And Rular Sociology. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

For identifying the factors influencing the extent of participation in poverty alleviation programmes the study was conducted among 90 goat rearing beneficiaries in Namakkal and Sivaganga districts. The study revealed that educational status of beneficiaries was important factors influencing the extent of participation.
Microbial production of glucoamylase from agro wastes
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Microbiology,Tamil Nadu College and Research Institute, Madurai 625 104, C THAMARAI CHELVI , D PURSHOTHAMAN ,   Department of Agricultural Microbiology,Tamil Nadu College and Research Institute, Madurai 625 104
Published: June 2023

Fungal glucoamylases were among the first microbial enzymes shown to have a strong affinity for starch granules and to hydrolyse them effectively. While many microorganisms produce glucoamylase, the thermophilic ones are preferred for industrial fermentations, for, they have higher enzyme production potential and the contamination hazards can be avoided. A study was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during 1994 to produce glucoamylase from pearlmillet waste by a themophilic fungus, Aspergillus niger.
Seed set and seed yield of aggregatum onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Don.)
Authors:   Dept of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture,Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608 002 TamilNadu., D HARIKARUNAKAR , G.V RAJALINGAM ,   Dept of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture,Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608 002 TamilNadu., K HARIPRIYA ,   Dept of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture,Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608 002 TamilNadu.
Published: June 2023

Seed production and its dependent characters were studied in five different ecotypes of aggregatum onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Don.). All the ecotypes recorded cent per cent sprouting. The meant days for sprouting ranged between 3.13 and 6.10 days. Among the ecotypes studied, E, recorded the highest. number of umbels per plant (4.06), highest number of flowers per umbel (317.13), lowest number of leaves per plant (14.83) and least number of days taken for flowering (43.90). Regarding seed set and seed yield also E, yielded 7.02 g of seeds per plant, with a set percentage of 52.05 while E, recorded 92.16 per cent fruit set per umbel. The highest 1000 seed weight of 3.30 g was registered by E, Seeds of all ecotypes retained 40-50 per cent viability upto 6 months of storage.
Effect of micronutrient fertilization on brinjal fruit yield in an alfisol
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, D SELVI , PERUMAL RANI ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: June 2023

The soil application of microfood/ straight micronutrients recorded higher brinjal fruit yield compared to the foliar application. The highest fruit yield was recorded by the combined application of stanes microfood (soil), composted coirpith and Azospirillum. The yield increase was 20.0, 25.6 and 32.1 per cent over NPK respectively for the application of stanes microfood (soil applied) with NPK / SMF with NPK + CCP / MF with NPK + CCP+ Azo. The application of NPK alone recorded a lower yield of 174.41 g plant and the control recorded the lowest yield of 159.0 g plant-1
Genotype x environment interaction in castor
Authors:   Oilseeds Research Station,TNAU, Tindivanam 604 002 Tamilnadu, P MANIVEL , H.S JAVAD HUSSAIN ,   Oilseeds Research Station,TNAU, Tindivanam 604 002 Tamilnadu
Published: June 2023

The phenotype stability of 79 genotypes of castor (60 hybrids and 19 parents) grown over four environments was studied for oil content, seed yield and other related traits. Variance due to genotypes, environments, G x E (liner) components was highly significant for all the traits. However, the liner component was more than the non-liner component except for capsules per plant and 100 seed weight. In general hybrids showed greatest stability for all the traits. The traits like number of nodes up to primary raceme, 100 seed weight and oil content were less affected by the changing environments on the other hand, substantial fluctuations due to change of environments was observed for plant height, length of primary raceme, number of capsules and seed yield per plant. The hybrids JP 65RC 1226, 240 x USSR2, LRES 17JH 120, LRES 17SH * 0.63 and 240 x Salam local were considered to be superior and stable over environments.
Induction of PR-protiens in Co 43 plants following antiviral principle application and inoculation with rice tungro virus
Authors:   Dept.of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P MUTHULAKSHMI , P NARAYANASAMY ,   Dept.of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: June 2023

The levels of PR-proteins following application of antiviral prinicples (AVPs) and inoculation with rice tungro virus (RTV) at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after inoculation were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Treatment of rice plants with pigeonpea-AVP (PAVP) and mungbean - AVP (MAVP) and inoculation with RTV increased the levels of PR-proteins (PR1a and PR2) to significant levels compared to healthy and RTV-inoculated control plants. The reduction in per cent infection of RTV and restriction of titres of RTD-associated viruses may be as a result of the induction of defense-related compounds induced by the AVPs.
Content analysis of farm imformation in selected dailies
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, R VELUSAMY , R NETAJI SEETHARAMAN ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: June 2023

The study was conducted to know the extent of coverage of subject matter areas, source of articles, modes of presentation and illustration components of four dailies. The results that higher percentage of articles were from agriculture as scientific articles from University Scientists with less percentage of illustration components.
Combining ability in pigeonpea
Authors:   Dept of Pluses,Centre for Plant Breeding and Genectics,Tamil Nadu Agrl,University Coimbatore 641003, P JAYAMALA , R RATHNASAMY ,   Dept of Pluses,Centre for Plant Breeding and Genectics,Tamil Nadu Agrl,University Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

Using combining ability studies line x tester analysis in pigeonpea revealed non-additive gene action for the expression of days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of branches per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant, days to maturity, number of seeds per pod and additive gene action for seed yield. Parents MS Prabhat DT and CORG 9060 were found to be good general combiners for days to MS Prabhat DT and CORG 9060 were found to be good general combiners for days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity. For number of branches per plant, plant height, pods per plant and seed yield per plant, MS Co 5 and CORG 5 were the good combiners. The crosses MS Co 5 x ICPL 161 and MS Co 5 x CORG 5 were the best combinations for seed yield.
Dvelopmental period and survival of Coccinella septempunctata var divaricata predating on Lipaphis erysimi Kalt in mustard.
Authors:   Dept of Entomology and Agril.,Zoology,Rajendra Argic. Univ., Bihar Pusar 848 125, . SEEMAKUMARI , KUMAR SANJIVAN ,   Dept of Entomology and Agril.,Zoology,Rajendra Argic. Univ., Bihar Pusar 848 125, I.P SINGH ,   Dept of Entomology and Agril.,Zoology,Rajendra Argic. Univ., Bihar Pusar 848 125
Published: June 2023

The average duration of first, second, third and fourth instar larvae of C. septempunctata var divaricata was observed to be 3.56 and 3.66, 2.60 and 2.38, 2.48 and 2.49 and 4.35 and 3.86 days during February and March, respectively. The survival rate of larvae varied between 86.25 and 99.50 per cent in different instars during February and March, respectively. The mean pupal period was 41.16 and 3.46 days with survival rate of 97.14 and 90.97 per cent during February and March, respectively. The average duration of adult longevity was higher in February than March. The survival rate of adult up to 15th day of emergence was higher in March. The adult mortality was recorded to be more after 20, 25, 30 and 35 days of emergence.
Soil moisture depletion pattern as influenced by irrigation regimes, methods and management practices in soybean
Authors:   Dept of Agronomy,Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore 641 003., S ELAMATHI , S.D SUNDAR SINGH ,   Dept of Agronomy,Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore 641 003.
Published: June 2023

Field experiments were conducted on soybean (var. Col) to study the effect of irrigation regimes, methods of irrigation and stress management practices. In the investigations, data on soil moisture. parameters were recorded. The results revealed that higher available soil moisture (ASM) was noticed when irrigation was given at 0.6 IW/CPE ratio than at 0.40 IW/CPE ratio. Similarly higher ASM was observed under all furrow method and double row furrow method than under alternate furrow method. Application of coirpith at 12.5 t ha was found to increase the ASM whereas, foliar spray of either kaolin or KCI had no influence on the ASM. With regard to moisture depletion pattern, the ASM in the furrow depletes more rapidly during the initial few days after irrigation, irrespective of irrigation regimes. Crop growth and productivity depends, mostly on moisture availability, study on moisture depletion pattern is a useful phenomena in irrigated agriculture.
Integrated nutrient mangement in rainfed hybrid cotton
Authors:   Regional Research Station, (OUAT) Bhawanipatha 766 001,Orissa, BASTIA DILIPKUMAR
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station, Bhawanipatna, Kalahandi, Orissa in the Kharif seasons of 1997 and 1998. The treatment N, P and K @ 100, 50 and 50 kg har along with Azatobacter and Phosphorus Solublizing Micro-organisma @ 5 kg ha' each, ZnSO, 25 kg ha' and FYM @10 t ha produced the highest seed cotton yield of 2728 kg ha' and that was on par (2695 kg ha') with the above treatment minus ZnSO, 25 kg ha¹. The crop height, bolls / plant and the boll weight recorded for both the above treatments were also on par with each other for both the years. However, the net return per rupee invested was the highest (Rs. 2.43) for the treatment N, P and K @ 100, 50 and 50 kg ha along with Azatobacter and Phosphorus Soublilizing Micro-organisms @ 5 kg ha-1 each and FYM @10 1 hat followed by Rs. 2.26 for the treatment N. P and K @ 100, 50 and 50 kg ha-1 along with. Azatobacter and Phosphorus Solubilizing Micro-organisms @ 5 kg/ha-1 each, ZnSO, 25 kg ha-1 and FYM @10 t ha-1.
Infuence of sulphur application on nodulation and protien content of blackgram
Authors:   Department of Olericulture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, K SRINIVASAN , N SANKARAN ,   Department of Olericulture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, J PRABHAKARAN ,   Department of Olericulture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

Field trials were conducted during the kharif and rabi seasons of 1995 and 1996, to evaluate the efficacy of different sources and levels of sulphur on the nodulation and protein content of blackgram. Different sulphur sources viz., elemental sulphur, gypsum and pyrite were tried at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg S/ha levels. Gypsum proved its superiority over other sources by recording highest nodule number/ plant, nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activity. Increasing doses of sulphur increased all the above characters. Protein content was also favourably altered due to gypsum application and higher doses of sulphur.
Treatment of a Distal Humerus Fracture using an Elbow Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Tade Yanick S , Liu John L , Miguel A Pirela Cruz
Published: June 2023

Elbow hemiarthroplasty (EHA) is a highly effective procedure for treating various elbow joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and fractures involving the articular surface of the distal humerus. It involves replacing the entire distal humerus with a prosthesis and reattaching the supporting soft tissues. The EHA provides significant pain relief, improves joint function, and increases patient satisfaction, with minimal complications that can be easily managed. This case study demonstrates the value of EHA as a viable treatment option for distal humerus fractures in older adults with moderate activity levels, as a superior alternative to osteosynthesis.
Validating the ORACollect for the detection of cytomegalovirus
Authors: Alanna N Gillespie , Richard Saffery , Andrew J Daley , Gregory Waller , Bowon Kim , Melissa Wake , Anna Czajko , Valerie Sung
Published: June 2023

Targeted screening for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) children is now internationally recommended. With newborn genomic screening for DHH children a future possibility, the commercially-available human genomic DNA collection kit (ORACollect, Oragene OCR-100) could enable one single sample to screen for CMV and genetic causes of deafness at scale with minimal additional costs. Our pilot study validated ORACollect against Copan FLOQswabs® (gold standard clinical procedure) for detecting CMV using 15 sets of saliva samples from 14 infants/children, comparing CMV PCR results using different testing protocols. ORACollect stored at room temperature had high sensitivity (up to 89%), specificity (up to 80%) and percent agreement (up to 86%) in detecting CMV DNA compared to FLOQswabs®. This suggests that ORACollect is an appropriate alternative to FLOQswabs® for collecting viral CMV DNA for PCR testing, independent of the DNA extraction approach. This could be revolutionary in facilitating dual genomic and viral screening in newborns and would enable CMV screening in non-tertiary hospital settings where laboratory facilities are not available.
Análisis y contraste del sistema de selección de la alta magistratura en Honduras
Authors: Escober García Liza Carolina , Reyes Flores Luis Gerardo , Herrera Miralda Ana Isabella , Vílchez Martínez Andrea Isabel
Published: June 2023

En las diversas legislaciones se establecen sistemas de selección y nombramiento de magistrados, como se puede apreciar en estudios entre los que destacan los de Gutiérrez de Colmenares (2006) y (Guarín et al., 2019). En este contexto, se pretende analizar y comparar el nuevo sistema de selección de la Alta Magistratura adoptado por Honduras, empleando el enfoque cualitativo de la investigación jurídica, la hermenéutica jurídica, con técnicas de análisis documental y Derecho Comparado. Encontrando que sí existe cierta evolución respecto al cumplimiento de estándares internacionales, sin embargo, esto no fue extensivo al legislativo quien continúa la práctica de decidir políticamente este nombramiento. Tal situación no es distinta a otros Estados regionales, aunque muy simplificada en relación a países referentes, como Italia. En consecuencia, a partir del análisis se puede afirmar que el nuevo proceso está basado en principios que propician el fortalecimiento del Estado de Derecho, pero no es un aporte sustancial mientras el legislativo siga seleccionando la alta magistratura sin estandarización de criterios y desmeritando la carrera judicial. Finalmente, respecto al análisis comparativo con otras legislaciones, existen mínimas diferencias, la única importante es relativa a la entidad que define los perfiles de los candidatos y los elige.
Prediction slurry reactor design under uncertainty using CFD model
Authors: Jazei Ali A. , Abd-Ali Nabel K.
Published: June 2023

Mechanically agitated reactors find wide range of applications for solid suspension and mixing in the chemical, biochemical, and mineral processing industries. Understanding the solids dynamics in these reactors is necessary to improve the design and operation of such reactors. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models are often useful in this regard, as it can provide significant insights into the flow and mixing of the phases involved. However, the model predictions need extensive evaluation with experimental results before they can be confidently used for the scale-up and optimization of large scale reactors. In the present work the predictive capabilities of CFD techniques as applied to solid-liquid stirred vessels are investigated. Suspensions of sand (diameter equal to 327 m) in water are studied. Eulerian-Granular multiphase model was simulated using FLUNT 6.3.26 to predict the slurry reactor design under uncertainty. The profiles obtained with the Eulerian-Granular approach coupled with the Eulerian, Granular models, and experimental data for comparison purposes. The present model provides an improvement of the predictions in the lower part of the vessel, with respect to the Eulerian model; while the same results can be observed in the rest of the tank where the solid concentration is lower. It seems that the interaction phenomena between the solid and the liquid phases and those among the solid particles do not vary appreciably for low solid concentrations, while at higher concentration some effects become noticeable. It was found that the quasi-steady state behavior of the sand in the mixing tank reached after 20 sec, also after 10 sec were the free surface of the static pressure will be growth until reach peremptory shape after 20 sec. The present model provides a proper representation for the solid distribution, by adopting particle drag coefficient.
Experimental Study of Local Scour around Circular pier Fitted with Collar
Authors: Khassaf Saleh I. , Sadeq Mohammed Ridha
Published: June 2023

Scour is defined as the erosion of streambed sediment around an obstruction in a flow field. Bridge pier scouring is a significant problem in the safety estimation of bridges. In this study, the use of rectangular collar for reducing the effect of local scour at a circular pier in a laboratory flume was presented. The study was conducted using 6.6 m laboratory flume in length and 0.4 m in width. Experiments were conducted for various sizes of rectangular collars fitted at the bed elevation on the scour depth at the circular pier with clear-water scour condition. The time development of scour depth at the circular pier with and without a collar of circular installed was conducted. In collars observed that size of a collar plate increases, the scour decreases. Results showed that the maximum reduction in scour depth equal to 100% (no scour hole). Dimensional analysis technique was used, and from the experimental data an empirical formula was derived. It was found that the predicated scour depth from the formula performs well as compared to the observed scour depth.
دراسة و تحليل لكميات الغبار المتساقط على القطاع السكني لمدينة النجف الاشرف
Authors: Ali khan Hussein Abdulmuttaleb
Published: June 2023

This paper has been carried out to study the precipitate dust particles in residential area at Al-Najaf Al- Ashraf city, with special site of Alsaad quarter. It also studied the impact of the most important climatic characteristics ( such as temperatures, wind speed, humidity and evaporation, and rain) with rate affecting the collection the dust particles and to identify the levels of generation at the city. Also the climatic properties of city had been analyzed that resulted in Knowing the range of dust collected. And to identify the environmental impact of the collecting precipitate dust particles, samples were taken at Alsaad quarter by using metal cylinder, for three years from 2007 until 2009,  at monthly rate for each sample. The most important results of this paper are the seasonal changes of the climate with anthropogenic activities accompanied by seasonal changes in dust quantities. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations which help the reducing of the risks of this important problem were presented.
Drag Reducing Flow of water in forced closed loop circulation system by using Sodium dodecyl sulfate additive
Authors: Shua'ab Abbas Khalaf Mohammed
Published: June 2023

The turbulent flow friction of a water solution with a small amount of surfactant additive is dramatically reduced when compared to that of pure water. This effect offers a significant reduction in pumping power and energy consumption. Commercial implementation of drag reducing fluids have proved successful for oil pipeline transportation, district heating and cooling systems, fire fighting, sewer throughput, jet cutting, etc.
The investigation was carried out on a facility with a forced closed loop for pressure drop measurements. A type of anionic surfactant (Sodium dodecyl sulfate) mixed with same weight of counter ion material (Sodium nitrate) was used as a drag reducing additive to tap water at a mass concentration ranged from 50 to 2000 ppm. Pressure drop data was collected over a 1668 mm flow pipe of carbon steel with 15.8 and 26.6 mm internal diameter and different solution flow rate (up to 8 m3/h) at constant temperature of 30 ÌŠC (ambient temperature).
The paper focused on calculation of friction factor from experimental data. It was found that the friction factor values lies near Blasuis asymptote for pure solvent, while they positioned towards maximum drag reduction asymptotes when surfactant is added. A maximum drag reduction percent of about 66% was obtained by using 2000 ppm surfactant â€“ counter ion aqueous solution. Also, it was concluded that there is a critical Reynolds number equals to about 96000 not to be exceeded because any further increasing leads to decrease in drag reduction. In addition, a correlation equation was found to correlate wall shear stress as a function of bulk mean fluid velocity. This correlation equation is of value in scale up of results obtained in small laboratory equipments to larger diameter pipes and different operating conditions. Another objective was to investigate the mechanism behind a possible drag reduction.
Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Members Under Torsion
Authors: Al-Shaarbaf Ihsan A.S. , Attiyah Ali Naji , Shuber Mustafa S.
Published: June 2023

This paper is devoted to investigate the behavior of prestressed concrete beams under pure torsion using a non-linear three-dimensional finite element model. The 20-noded isoparametric brick elements have been used to model the concrete. The reinforcing bars are idealized as axial members embedded within the concrete element and perfect bond between the concrete and the reinforcement has been assumed to occur.
The behavior of concrete in compression is simulated by an elasto-plastic work hardening model followed by a perfect plastic response, which is terminated at the onset of crushing. On the other hand the behavior in tension is simulated by implementing a smeared crack model in connection with using a tension-stiffening model that account for the retained post-cracking stresses, and a shear retention model that modifies the shear modulus of rigidity as the crack widens. Also a model to simulate the reduction in the concrete compressive strength in presence of tensile transverse straining has been implemented in this study. Two types of prestressed concrete beams under torsion have been analyzed and the finite element solutions were compared with the experimental data. Several parametric studies have been carried out  to investigate the effect some important material parameters. In general, good agreement between the finite element solutions and the experimental results was obtained.
DEVELOPING RAINFALL INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQENCY RELATIONSHIP FOR BASRAH CITY
Authors: Abdul Jalee Lamia , Farawn Maha Atta
Published: June 2023

The rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship is one of the most commonly used tools in water resources engineering, either for planning, designingand operating of water resource projects, or for various engineering projects against floods. The purpose of this paper is to develop an empirical formula to estimate design rainfall intensity based on intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curvesfor Basrah City. These curves have been generated from a 31-year recordedrainfall data. The study showedmaximum intensities occur at shout duration large variations with return period, Furthermore ,it also notice ; at long duration there is no much difference in intensities with return period.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF GROUNDWATER FLOW IN TEEB AREA, MISSAN PROVINCE, SOUTH OF IRAQ
Authors: Al-Aboodi Ali H. , Al-Kadhimi Ahmed M. , Al-Tai Majeed A.
Published: June 2023

A two-dimensional mathematical model is constructed to simulate the flow regime of the upper part of Quaternary Depositsin Teeb area,south of Iraq. The upperaquiferis mainly consist of gravel, sand, silt, and clay beds with good porosity. Their constituent grade from relatively coarse material near the apices, to the fine grained, nearly impermeable silts and clays in the Delta plain. The suggested conceptual model which is advocated to simulate the flow regime of aquifer is fixed for one layer, i.e. the activity of the deeper aquifer is negligible. The model is calibrated using trial and error procedure in two stages, steady state followed by transient state.According to the calibration process, the hydraulic characteristics of the upper aquifer has been identified, the hydraulic conductivity in the study area ranged (1,10) m/day, while the specific yield between (0.1, 0.4)
STABILIZATION OF EARTH SLOPES BY USING SOIL NAILING
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Nadher Hassan
Published: June 2023

The basic concept of soil nailing is to reinforce and strengthen the existing round by installing closely spaced steel bars, called “Nails”, into a slope as construction proceeds from “top-down”. This process creates a reinforced section that is in itself stable and able to retain the ground behind it. Soil nailing technique is used to support new very steep cuts with advantage of strengthening the slope with excessive earth works to provide construction access and working associated with commonly used retaining systems. In the present research work a parametric study has been made using commercial computer program “Slide 6“, which utilize different methods for solving slope stability problem, Bishop method has been used herein to analyze un nailed and nailed slopes with granular soil, different slope heights and angles have been considered. Some of nails parameters have been studied herein, positions of nail, length of nail, angle of nail inclination, and nail spacing. The optimum length of nail depends on height and angle of slope. The optimum angle of nail is found to be ranged between (10-25) degree down from the horizon, but it’s also relates with the angle of slope. The spacing of nail was found to be (1 m) to give the best improvement of F.S.
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF R.C. BEAMS STRENGTHENED USING PRE-STRESSED NSM CFRP RODS
Authors: Shakir Qassim M.
Published: June 2023

A nonlinear finite element study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of strengthening RC beams with pre-stressedNSM CFRP rods in enhancing the flexural strength ofthe beams. Four beams have been considered. One acted as control to simulate an existing structural member. The other beams were strengthened with non-pre-stressed CFRP rod (0% pre-stressed), and pre-stressed CFRP rod (40%, or 60% pre-stressed of the CFRP rod tensile strength). The results of analysis showed that strengthening of the RC beams with non pre-stressed NSM CFRP rods improved both of the flexural capacity and deflection response. Increases in the cracking, yield and ultimate load of 17%, 20% and 48% were achieved. With a pre-stress level of 40%, an enhancement of 117%, 53% and 80% respectively over that of the control beam. For the beam strengthened with pre-stress level of 60%, more enhancements in response were achieved in term of the cracking and yield loads, but a slight reduction in ultimate loads (compared with lower level of pre-stress). Increments up to 160% and 67% in the cracking and yield load respectively. While 77% in ultimate load over that of the control beam were obtained.
FLOW PATTERN, PRESSURE DROP, AND VOID FRACTUION IN VERTICAL TWO COMPONENT TWO-PHASE PIPE FLOW
Authors: Alwan Adil A. , Hashim Noora A.
Published: June 2023

Two-phase flow pattern, pressure drop, and void fraction in vertical transparent pipe of x m internal diameter and y m length is investigated experimentally. The rig is designed to achieve the measurements of pressure drop and void fraction for different combinations of phase superficial velocities such that the regimes encountered are bubbly, slug and annular, which required a wide range of water and air superficial velocities.
OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF GRANULAR ACTIVAED CARBON USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors: Al-Kadimy Ahmed Majeed , Hamza Zohul Abdul Hadi
Published: June 2023

Integrated advanced wastewater treatment provides important fundamental solutions to problems associated with water scarcity prevailing in arid and semi arid climatic regions. This was accomplished through treated water with specific specification and characteristics suitable to be used for agricultural, domestic, and industrial purposes. This study is concerned with the use of genetic algorithm procedure for the optimum design of integrated advance wastewater treatment units, with their various types and characteristics. The aim of optimum wastewater treatment units design is to attain optimum values of certain pre defined objective function. Based on the results of applying genetic algorithm on activated carbon treatment plant, it was found that the optimum values of empty bed contact time, dose of activated carbon, diameter of contractor, and loading rate of multiple hearth furnaces are 10min, 25mg/l, 2.4m, and 30 m/min, respectively
ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS FITTED INSIDE STEEL CASINGS
Authors: Abd Al-Razaq Amjad Hameed
Published: June 2023

Due to construction costs and operational issues have been in this study to discuss how to strengthen the concrete columns. The results of previous studies on the construction of some structures earthquake-prone weakness reinforced concrete columns. The inside steel casings surrounding the columns is a modern technique used in many countries today for columns of rectangular and circular concrete. The advantages of this method is convenient, economical and easy. Reference model in this study is a column concrete without casing steel and the others concrete columns were wrapped casings steel to study the amount of retrofitting, and which has been approved changing the thickness of the cover steel are the main variable in this research. Were analyzed columns under the effect of axial force using the finite element method by using the program ANSYS (version 11). The results showed that increase the susceptibility of the inside steel casings bearing concrete columns of force inflicted by the largest of the main form without the steel casing, as well as to increase the thickness of the cover leads to increased endurance.
FAULT DETECTION AND ISOLATION BASED ON HYBRID SLIDING MODE OBSERVER and FUZZY LOGIC
Authors: Issa Abbas H. , Baqir Hawraa Fouad
Published: June 2023

Faults detection and isolation scheme on the bases of a hybrid Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) technique and fuzzy logic technique has been presented in this paper. The SMO technique was used for the fault detection purpose based on residual signal which represent the difference between output of the process and output of the model that used as a fault indicator, while the fuzzy logic technique was used as a fault isolator depending on fuzzy rules base and fuzzy membership functions. The performance of this hybrid technique is evaluated on a model of DC motor, the proposed scheme is illustrated on a Matlab/Simulink simulator and the results demonstrated a successful implementation of the proposed Fault Detection and Isolation FDI scheme.
HEALTH MONITORING ANAYLSES OF CRACKED PLATES BASED ON FORCED VIBRATION
Authors: Obied Hatem H. , S. Al-Najim Mohammed Hussein
Published: June 2023

This research presents a SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) techniques that are based on harmonic and transient analyses of cracked plate structure. Finite element models for the different cracked steel plate have been created by considering the length and the orientations of the crack, and a cantilever supported plates (parallel to the crack) are used.
The cracked structures are examined under harmonic concentrated lateral load. The frequency responses show that the lateral deflections of the crack plate decrease when increasing the crack length, whereas, the lateral deflections increase when increasing orientation angle until 90Â°. The models are also examined under the effect of transient concentrated lateral load. The time history responses show that the lateral deflections of the crack increase when increasing the crack length.
Finally, SHM analysis is applied in order to predict the early behaviour of the plates in accordance with the results above. The extrapolation for certain symbols of the results is performed to derive numerical formulas of the lateral deflections .The lateral deflectionâ€™s formula is used as a function for the half-crack length, however, there is a formula for each orientation angle.
STUDY OF SOME PROPERTIES OF NO –FINES CONCRETE USING LOCALMATERIALS
Authors: Qoja Ghanim Hussein , Hassan Ali Flayeh
Published: June 2023

No–fines concrete is obtained by omitting fine aggregate from the mix and the coarse aggregate particles are surrounded by a coating of cement paste.In the present work, well-graded coarse aggregate (20 mm maximum size) was used in preparing the mixes, instead of single sized coarse aggregate as recommended always for No –fines concrete. Concrete mixes with different aggregate /cement ratios were prepared to find an optimum mix giving the highest strength. The influence of aggregate /cement ratio on the unit weight, absorption and compressive strength were studied at different conditions of curing. It was found that the strength of No –fines concrete is lower than that of ordinary concrete. Also, this type of concrete behaves like the ordinary concrete relating to the growing of strength with the age.According to the properties investigated, No –fines concrete is sufficient enough to be used in different constructions, like low-rise buildings, pavements and other application.