bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the phosphorylation of MAP65-1 correlate with the effects of Cr(VI) on Arabidopsis thaliana microtubules?
Authors: Adamakis Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. , Eleftheriou Eleftherios P.
Published: January 2025

Key message

MAP65-1 phosphorylation mediates Cr(VI)-induced microtubule disruption in plants.

Chromium (Cr) exists in two prevalent forms in the environment: trivalent Cr(III) and hexavalent Cr(VI). While Cr(III) can benefit plants as a micronutrient, Cr(VI) is highly toxic and disrupts essential physiological, biochemical, and cellular processes in plants. Plant cell microtubules (MTs) are particularly susceptible to Cr(VI) toxicity, with MAP65-1, a key microtubule-associated protein, playing a crucial role in stabilizing MTs by forming cross-bridges between them. The stability function of MAP65-1 is influenced by its phosphorylation status: phosphorylation causes MAP65-1 to detach from MTs during different cell cycle phases. This study investigated how Cr(VI) affects MAP65-1 presence on cortical MTs in Arabidopsis thaliana roots and hypocotyls. Seedlings expressing GFP:AtMAP65-1 and its non-phosphorylatable variant, AtMAP65-19A (GFP:AtMAP65-19A), were exposed to 100 μM potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, Cr(VI)) on ½ MS solid medium for 24 or 48 h. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that Cr(VI) began impacting cortical MTs within 24 h. The signal intensity of GFP indicated a significant reduction in MAP65-1 presence, whereas the GFP:AtMAP65-19A signal remained stable and MTs were unaffected. These results suggest that Cr(VI) toxicity to MTs is linked to MAP65-1’s phosphorylation status.
Eosinophilic Myocarditis: A Concise Review
Authors: Asada Ashlee M. , Kahwash Rami , Trovato Vincenzo
Published: January 2025

Purpose of Review

Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a rare and heterogeneous form of inflammatory heart disease that can present with a wide range of severity. Current literature is limited to case reports or small case series that outline the evaluation process, disease course, and the nonstandardized treatments trialed. This review aims to concisely summarize the current literature on EM including an update on maintenance therapy for refractory or recurrent disease.

Recent Findings

In the last several years, several observational studies have reported the clinical benefit of mepolizumab and benralizumab in refractory EM.

EM is a complex and heterogenous cause of inflammatory heart disease with a wide range of etiologies and presentations. Treatment of this disease has not been standardized as there are no large scale trials quantifying benefit of any specific therapy regimen. Targeted biologics show promise in observational studies; therefore, prospective studies are needed to quantify this benefit in EM.
Laaggeletterdheid en vragenlijsten: aanbevelingen van een participatief onderzoek met ervaringsdeskundigen
Authors: Mölenberg Famke J. M. , Kókai Lili L.
Published: January 2025

Samenvatting

Voor onderzoek gebruiken we veelal gevalideerde vragenlijsten om gedrag en gezondheid onder de bevolking te meten. In Nederland zijn naar schatting 2,5 miljoen mensen van zestien jaar of ouder laaggeletterd, en velen van hen ervaren problemen bij het invullen van complexe vragenlijsten. Daardoor hebben we mogelijk niet goed in beeld hoe hun gezondheid is. Dit artikel beschrijft onze ervaringen met de samenwerking met ervaringsdeskundigen van Stichting Lezen en Schrijven voor het verbeteren van de SF-12-vragenlijst. Dit resulteerde in handvatten om vragenlijsten geschikter te maken voor mensen die laaggeletterd zijn.
Existing and emerging frameworks for the adoption and diffusion of medical devices and equipment in low-resource settings: a scoping review
Authors: Adlung Christopher , van der Kooij Nienke , Diehl Jan Carel , Hinrichs-Krapels Saba
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Properly functioning health systems globally require medical devices and equipment for vital care. Despite promising innovations, many medical devices face adoption barriers such as regulatory issues, interoperability and data exchange challenges. In low-resource settings, contextual factors influencing adoption and diffusion have not been synthesized into an overview to guide future medical device and equipment suppliers. Our study provides a scientific inventory of frameworks, theories, models, and guidelines describing the adoption and diffusion of medical devices and equipment in low-resource settings.

Methods

We searched both the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies within the health and broader non-health domains. Our search yielded 2.124 results after de-duplication. Extended attributes on the type of the paper, adoption and diffusion focus, medical devices and equipment use cases, and country settings revealed patterns of underpinning and emerging frameworks for adoption and diffusion.

Results

We included 28 studies in our review. The most researched device types were telemedicine, telehealth, m-health, and e-health. Among a larger variety, the most utilized underpinning frameworks were the Diffusion of Innovation Framework, and the Technology Acceptance Model. These frameworks led to the development of emerging models, such as a modified version based on Kifle’s Adoption Model or the Intervention-Context-Actors-Mechanism-Outcome Model.

Conclusions

Our findings offer initial insights for further research in identifying mechanisms for improving access to and utilization of medical devices and equipment in low-resource settings. Researchers can use this comprehensive review to guide continued research, addressing gaps in theoretical understanding and empirical evidence on medical device adoption and diffusion in low-resource settings.
Youth sport development experiences in Tyrol, Austria: a contextualized examination
Authors: Kogler Anna-Maria , Rich Kyle , Happ Elisabeth
Published: January 2025

Organized youth sport is seen as a setting for improving young people’s athletic abilities and enhancing their social and personal skills. However, sport development processes and outcomes are highly shaped by social, cultural, political, and economic contexts. The aim of this study was to examine youths’ experiences in organized sport and to explore the role of the socioeconomic and cultural contexts of golf and Tyrol (Austria) on these experiences. A case study methodology was applied to collect data from 18 golfers aged 10 to 20 from the Golf Team Tyrol, using the World Café method. Qualitative content analysis was employed to analyze the data. Our findings show participants’ awareness of the benefits of physical activity and their recognition of opportunities and constraints within the context of sport and physical activity. In addition, the findings demonstrate how young people utilize coping mechanisms to deal with difficult situations, which may vary in duration and intensity. Our research adds to the limited literature on sport development in Tyrol specifically, and Austria more broadly, by providing a comprehensive account of young people’s experiences in organized sport and how the sport, as well as social, cultural, and economic contexts, shape these experiences. Further, this research advances the use of participatory methods, such as the World Café, in youth sport to inform sport development research and practice. Our work demonstrates the potential value of centering participant experiences to understand sport development outcomes in robust and contextualized ways.
Long-term durability and temporal pattern of revisional surgery of laparoscopic large hiatal hernia repair
Authors: Ugliono Elettra , Rebecchi Fabrizio , Franco Caterina , Morino Mario
Published: January 2025

Laparoscopic repair is the preferred surgical treatment for symptomatic Large Hiatal Hernia (LHH). However, data on long-term outcomes are limited. This study aims to evaluate the 20-year follow-up results of laparoscopic LHH repair in a high-volume experienced tertiary center. Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent elective laparoscopic LHH repair between 1992 and 2008. Preoperative and perioperative data were collected. The primary endpoint was the long-term reoperation rate. Survival analyses were calculated according to the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to investigate predictive factors of the need for revisional surgery. A total of 176 patients were included. All the procedures were performed laparoscopically, and in 5 cases (3.0%) with a robot-assisted approach. Mesh-augmented cruroplasty was performed in 26 patients (15.8%). A fundoplication was added in all patients: Nissen in 158 (89.8%), Toupet in 5 (2.8%), and Collis–Nissen in 13 (7.4%). Postoperative mean follow-up was 224.6 ± 83.3 months. Clinically significant hiatal hernia recurrence occurred in 27 (16.2%), and 18 patients (10.2%) underwent surgical revision. The median time-to-redo was 12 months (IQR 6–42 months). Overall durability without revisional surgery at 20-year follow-up was 90%. The rate of revisional surgery after LHH repair is low and is generally required within 12 months from primary surgery. Our results highlight the long-lasting effects of LHH repair at 20-year follow-up.
What Would I Do if I Was an Emergency Physician? A Tool To Generate Discussion
Authors: Eley Rob , Eley Diann , Greentree Charley
Published: January 2025

Although safety is imperative in health care, medical practice carries a degree of uncertainty which in turn introduces risk, and perception of risk influences behaviour. Doctors worldwide are guided by professional practice frameworks, yet the perception of risk is subjective, meaning that individuals make their own judgements on its severity and consequences in ambiguous situations. The intent of this study was to develop a self-directed learning tool for medical students and doctors in training to prompt reflection on “what would I do” scenarios in ambiguous clinical emergency situations. We present the development and testing of scenarios based on the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine’s education and professionalism domains for use as a reflection tool in small group learning activities.
Implementing Shared Decision-Making as Part of a Recovery-Oriented Practice at a Home for Care or Residence for People with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Kronkvist Maria Bendtsen , Dahlqvist-Jönsson Patrik , Sandlund Mikael
Published: January 2025

Background

Although shared decision-making (SDM) has been widely recommended in clinical guidelines, it is not implemented in practice. In early 2024, managers of a centre (home for care or residence, HVB) in Sweden decided to implement SDM. Researchers arranged an intensive course that included training in SDM, which was offered to all users, staff members and managers at the centre.

Aim

To explore the experiences of users, staff members and managers when SDM was introduced at a centre for women suffering from mental illness.

Method and Results

After introducing SDM, persons who had experience as users of mental health services conducted individual interviews with users, staff members and managers. The data were transcribed automatically during the video interviews. The data were analysed using thematic analysis, and the results represent three different aspects. Users: Previous experience is important, Attitudes to participation and What is needed for continuation. Staff: Ability to increase participation and SDM as an integrated way of working. Managers: Changes in the care atmosphere and Management during the introduction.

Relevance

Research concerning people staying at HVBs is scarce, as is research on SDM concerning adults with severe mental illness. It is important to highlight the needs of this group, as participation today and in the future is an important and often overlooked aspect for these users.
A novel spherical fuzzy-based decision model for assessing data management maturity in governmental institutions
Authors: AlFadhli Muna Salem , Ayvaz Berk , Kucukvar Murat , Alkhereibi Aya Hasan , Onat Nuri , Al-Maadeed Somaya
Published: January 2025

The capability of government institutions to manage data effectively is fundamental to their operational efficiency and innovation potential. Governments face unique challenges, including rapid data generation, evolving regulations, and demands for quality services and transparency. This necessitates a tailored approach to data governance, given the complexities of balancing public interests with data privacy. This study aims to establish a robust framework for evaluating the data management maturity of Government Entities by developing an evaluative metric that reflects their data management maturity. The research approach involved gathering and synthesizing dispersed principles from existing literature into a set of definitive criteria. The criteria were subjectively weighted by an expert panel (SME) to reflect the significance of each criterion in a government setting. For methodology, the study pioneers the hybridization of spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) built on the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) and the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) model. The criteria weighting was methodically calculated using the CRITIC method, and the subsequent evaluation of the alternatives was ascertained through EDAS. This combination of methodologies effectively reduced subjective bias, yielding a more reliable foundation for the rankings. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm the robustness of the presented methodology when subjected to variations. To verify the validity of the developed method, we compared the SF- CRITIC and SF-EDAS approach with the SF-AHP and SF-EDAS, SF-CRITIC and SF-TOPSIS, the SF-CRITIC and SF-WPM, and the SF-CRITIC and SF-MARCOS. The results showcased a spectrum of maturity levels across the evaluated entities, pinpointing both commendable proficiencies and key areas for growth. This research presents a strategic asset for government bodies, aiding in the targeted enhancement of their data management systems. The broader implications of our findings serve as a strategic compass for governmental organizations, steering them toward achieving a higher echelon of data management sophistication.
Sustaining Productivity while Reducing Methane Emission in Calcareous Soils: Implications of Combining Inorganic Fertilizer and Biochar
Authors: Keteku Agbesi Kwadzo , Amegbor Isaac Kodzo , Yeboah Stephen , Amankwaa-Yeboah Patricia , Dormatey Richard , Agyeman Kennedy , Brempong Mavis Badu , Baafi Ernest , Asante Maxwell Darko , Oppong Allen , Poku Samuel Aduse , Danquah Eric Owusu , Frimpong Felix , Ghanney Philip , Addy Sylvester , Obeng Elvis Agyei , Bosompem Franklin
Published: January 2025

A considerable proportion of applied nutrients are adsorbed by the calcite surface of calcareous soils, making them unavailable to plants. A combination of organic amendments and fertilizers can improve nutrient retention and mineralization, and also reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A two-years field experiment was undertaken to investigate the impacts of inorganic fertilizer, biochar and silicon on nutrient uptake, growth, yield and post-harvest soil chemistry in calcareous soil using rice (Oryza sativa L.) as a test crop. The implication of each treatment on methane emissions was also investigated. The combination of NPK, biochar and silicon significantly improved rice growth, yield, P and Si uptake; and post-harvest soil nutrition. Biochar increased soil organic carbon content between 4.2 and 108.5% across the years. An increase from 2.4 to 6.1% was observed in the inorganic fertilizer treatments, 11.4–12.0% for the biochar treatments and 2.5–19.0% for ½NPK + biochar from 2020 to 2021. Maximum grain yield was achieved with the treatment ½NPK + biochar + 100 kg Si ha− 1 which was comparable to NPK + 100 kg Si ha− 1. Also, the combination of ½NPK + biochar + 50 kg Si reduced CH4 emissions and produced a comparable yield to NPK + 50 kg Si in both years. While further research is required to explore the effects of the length of time biochar is applied on reducing CH4 emissions, this study suggests a basis for predicting the impact of biochar on the management of CH4 emissions in calcareous soils.
Optimizing Polynomial and Regularization Techniques for Enhanced Housing Price Prediction Accuracy
Authors: Preethi  , Murthy D. H. R. , Hiremani Vani , Devadas Raghavendra M. , Sapna R.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness of various regression models for predicting housing prices using the California Housing dataset. The models evaluated include Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, Best Polynomial Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, Elastic Net Regression, and Support Vector Regression (SVR) with an RBF kernel. The analysis reveals that SVR with an RBF kernel exhibits the poorest performance, characterized by the highest Mean Squared Error (MSE) and the lowest R² score, indicating limited effectiveness for this dataset. Conversely, Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, and Best Polynomial Ridge Regression demonstrate significantly lower MSE values and nearly identical R² scores, each explaining approximately 60% of the variance in housing prices. Among these, Best Polynomial Ridge Regression marginally outperforms Linear and Ridge Regression, suggesting that including polynomial features enhances model performance. Although Lasso Regression shows slightly higher MSE than the leading models, it still performs better than Elastic Net and SVR. Overall, the study identifies linear regression, ridge regression, and best polynomial ridge regression as the most effective models for this dataset, with SVR and an RBF kernel being the least effective.
Findings from the Tushirikiane-4-MH (supporting each other for mental health) mobile health–supported virtual reality randomized controlled trial among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Okumu Moses , Admassu Zerihun , MacKenzie Frannie , Gittings Lesley , Kortenaar Jean-Luc , Khan Naimul , Hakiza Robert , Musoke Daniel Kibuuka , Nakitende Aidah , Katisi Brenda , Kyambadde Peter , Lester Richard , Mbuagbaw Lawrence
Published: January 2025

Virtual reality (VR) for mental health promotion remains understudied in low-income humanitarian settings. We examined the effectiveness of VR in reducing depression with urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda. This randomized controlled trial assessed VR alone (Arm 1), VR followed by Group Problem Management Plus (GPM+) (Arm 2) and a control group (Arm 3), with a peer-driven and convenience sample of refugee youth aged 16–25 in Kampala. The primary outcome, depression, was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Secondary outcomes included: mental health literacy, mental health stigma, self-compassion, mental well-being and adaptive coping. Analyses were conducted at three time points (baseline, 8 weeks, 16 weeks) using generalized estimating equations. Among participants (n = 335, mean age: 20.77, standard deviation: 3.01; cisgender women: n = 158, cisgender men: n = 173, transgender women: n = 4), we found no depression reductions for Arms 1 or 2 at 16 weeks compared with Arm 3. At 16 weeks, mental health literacy was significantly higher for Arm 2 compared with Arm 3, and self-compassion was significantly higher in Arm 1 and Arm 2 compared with Arm 3. VR alongside GPM+ may benefit self-compassion and MHL among urban refugee youth in Kampala, but these interventions were not effective in reducing depression.
Exploring nutritional risks of the specific carbohydrate diet: food and nutrient intake in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Hagström Naima , Koochek Afsaneh , Warensjö Lemming Eva , Öman Anders , Arnell Henrik , Berntson Lillemor
Published: January 2025

Diet is considered a key research priority for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), garnering considerable interest from affected families. Despite this, research studies focusing on dietary interventions remain scarce. The specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) has shown potential, however, its nutritional consequences and risks are not well understood. This study aims to describe and evaluate food and nutrient intakes in children with JIA adhering to the SCD and contextualize the results relative to recommendations and intakes in the general population. In a secondary analysis, food and nutrient intakes from three-day dietary records of ten children, following a four-week SCD intervention, were evaluated against the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 and Riksmaten Adolescents data (RMA) (n = 1282). All children following the SCD met the recommended minimum intake of fruit and vegetables of 500g/day, a stark contrast to the 6% in RMA. Median dietary fibre intake for the SCD was 26g/d, (IQR 21-33), compared to 16g/d (IQR 12-22) in RMA. Elevated saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was observed in both groups, with the SCD group also consuming high amounts of red meat. Calcium was the sole nutrient for which the standard diet surpassed the SCD, as 9 out of 10 participants had inadequate intake. While children on the SCD showed a lower likelihood of nutrient inadequacy compared to the general population, inadequate calcium intake and elevated SFA and red meat consumption are concerning given known comorbidities in JIA. These results highlight the importance of disease-specific dietary guidance to ensure optimal support for patients and parents.
An Enigmatic Manteño Burial from Buen Suceso, Ecuador, AD 771–953
Authors: Juengst Sara L. , Rowe Sarah M. , Duke Guy S. , Stumpf Mara , Bowers Mozelle , Cruz Y. Zindy
Published: January 2025

Burial 10 is a unique Manteño (AD 650–1532) burial from Buen Suceso, Ecuador, dating between AD 771 and 953. This burial included the remains of a young female, pregnant at the time of death and buried with an elaborate array of goods, including anachronistic spondylus ornaments, green stones, and shell eye coverings. Perimortem trauma, including a cranial fracture and cutmarks on hand bones, perimortem removal of the hands and left leg, and other body manipulation suggest she was sacrificed, a rare event for coastal Ecuadorian peoples.
Flexible Nationalisms: Applying Anthony D. Smith’s Theory to the Irish Case
Authors: Watson Iarfhlaith , Posocco Lorenzo
Published: January 2025

Anthony D. Smith, in one of his earlier, less debated, works – Nationalism in the 20th Century (1979) – examines phases of nationalism in the modern era, suggesting that nationalism has taken various forms before and during the 20th century. He argues that nationalism’s adaptability is at the core of its persistence, adapting to changing situations such as fascism and communism. As a result of this adaptability, nationalism still flourishes today. This article applies Smith’s theory to explore the interplay between cultural and material factors in the evolution of nationalism in Ireland. It identifies five ideological phases – revolutionary nationalist, protectionist, liberalising, neoliberal, and ecological – to which nationalism has adapted, and within which nationalism has influenced various aspects of Irish society. These phases are situated within a broader ideological and material context, analysing obliquely the Irish language (a core element of Irish nationalism), and related to changing processes of individualization.
The Sick Vines of Europe: Raisins, Phylloxera, and the Politics of Place in the Late Ottoman Aegean
Authors: Dolbee Samuel
Published: January 2025

This article explores the path of the microscopic phylloxera insect as it made its way from the United States to the Eastern Mediterranean in the late nineteenth century. As the pest devastated vineyards in Western Europe it also catalyzed grape production in the western Ottoman Empire around Izmir, before this region, too, succumbed. One response to the outbreak was the first legal code controlling plant traffic across nations, and another was an effort to plant American rootstocks, which were relatively resistant. The Ottoman response to phylloxera offers another example of the ways in which the alleged “sick man of Europe” was actually much more dynamic than its detractors insisted. The invocation of phylloxera moreover became a way for post-Ottoman states like Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and Serbia to protect their national grape economies. The article’s broader analysis explains how the shared environment of the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean incubated both the spread of phylloxera and—in the protectionist legal regimes formed in response—the architecture of the region’s peculiarly integrated disconnection. The article closes by considering the agriculture of displacement amidst the Greek-Turkish Population Exchange, and how it further entrenched these dynamics as migrants took vines with them and planted them in the remarkably similar environments of their new national homes.
New Solutions, Old Problems: Agreement and Novelty in Dynamic Conventions
Authors: Malcomson Nathan
Published: January 2025

Social conventionalism — the position that social conventions governing language use determine or constitute the meanings of our words — has faced two major problems. The first is the Agreement Problem: how could speakers agree to use words in certain ways without already speaking meaningfully? The second is the Novelty Problem: how can conventions fix the meanings of innovative uses of words? David Lewis famously responded to the Agreement Problem but his account flounders on the Novelty Problem. Josh Armstrong emends Lewis’ account to solve the Novelty Problem. I argue that Armstrong's emendation fails and that neither he nor Lewis has an adequate response to the Agreement Problem.
Anscombe's Philosophy of Law
Authors: Wilkinson Eric
Published: January 2025

Is there a necessary connection between law and morality? Elizabeth Anscombe's theory of civil authority provides the basis for a unique intervention into this debate. Her distinction between the rights internal to a practice and the external justification of said practice avoids the traditional objections to both legal positivism and natural law theories.
Some Lessons from the Post-Soviet Era and the Russo-Ukrainian War for the Study of Nationalism
Authors: Shevel Oxana
Published: January 2025

This essay argues that Russia's war on Ukraine and the post-Soviet experience, more generally, reveal ethical, empirical, and theoretical problems in the study of nationalism in the region; namely, the tendency to designate anti-colonial, non-Russian nationalism as a “bad” ethnic type and the related tendency to see opposition to it as a “good” civic, nationalist agenda while in reality, the latter agenda can be imperial. Conflation of imperialism with civic nationalism and underappreciation of the democratic potential of non-Russian nationalism are problematic. The essay argues that these problems stem from theorizing about ethnic and civic nationalism that is rooted in abstract principles and does not take into account the empirical realities in which specific policies originate. I suggest that a more ethically and theoretically accurate characterization of types of nationalism as good or bad can be achieved by applying a methodology that takes into account not only formal markers of “ethnic” and “civic” policies but also the realities proponents and opponents of a given policy seek to establish and undo, the methods by which these realities come into being, and the constraints on employing illiberal methods that political actors face.
Coping is a moderator of relationships between cognitive fatigue and cognitive variability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Arnett Peter A. , Riegler Kaitlin E. , Thomas Garrett , Bradson Megan L. , Sakamoto McKenna , O’Shea Dede U.
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Mean levels of cognitive functioning typically do not show an association with self-reported cognitive fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), but some studies indicate that cognitive variability has an association with cognitive fatigue. Additionally, coping has been shown to be a powerful moderator of some outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, however, coping has not been considered as a possible moderator of the relationship between cognitive fatigue and cognitive variability in MS. The current study examined this relationship.

Method:

We examined 52 PwMS. All participants were administered the Fatigue Impact Scale, the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Questionnaire, and cognitive tests. Indices of variability for memory and attention/executive functioning tests were used as outcome variables. Avoidant coping, active coping, and composite coping indices were used as moderators.

Results:

The interaction analyses for the avoidant coping and composite coping indices were significant and accounted for 8 and 11% of the attention/executive functioning variability outcome, respectively. The interactions revealed that at low levels of cognitive fatigue, attention/executive functioning variability was comparable between the low and high avoidant and composite coping groups. However, at high levels of cognitive fatigue, PwMS using lower levels of avoidant coping (less maladaptive coping) showed less variable attention/executive functioning scores compared with those using higher levels of avoidant coping. We found a similar pattern for the composite coping groups.

Conclusion:

At high levels of cognitive fatigue, PwMS using adaptive coping showed less attention/executive functioning variability. These findings should be considered in the context of treatment implications.
Navigating the vernacular across the lifespan: a panel study of the phonetic realisation of the first-person singular possessive
Authors: MOELDERS ANNE-MARIE
Published: January 2025

This article explores intraspeaker malleability in the realisation of the first-person possessive in the North-East of England ([maɪ], versus [mi] and [ma]). The analysis relies on a combination of a trend sample and a novel dynamic panel corpus that covers the entire adult lifespan. While [mi] has been around at least since the 1970s on Tyneside, [ma] appears to have made its way into the system during the 1980s and 1990s. The panel data add intraspeaker information to this ongoing change, revealing a turnover in the proportional usage of possessive variants between two recordings that are on average ten years apart. Regression modelling provides differentiated information about intraspeaker changes across the lifespan, suggesting that, with only a few exceptions, intraspeaker grammars are stable across the lifespan. The analysis supports recent panel research that has argued for the importance of considering the socio-demographic trajectory of the individual: while speakers who are part of the ‘marché scolaire’ (Bourdieu & Boltanski 1975: 7) orient towards the standard, speakers working as professional carers (e.g. nurses) tend to retain high rates of the reduced variants across their lifespans to do local identity work and establish better interpersonal relations with their clients.
The role of meaning in the rivalry of -ity and -ness: evidence from distributional semantics
Authors: SCHÄFER MARTIN
Published: January 2025

Both -ity and -ness are frequent and productive suffixes in English that fulfill the same core function: turning adjectives into nouns that denote the state or quality of whatever the adjective denotes. This well-known affix rivalry raises two core questions: 1. What determines the choice between -ity and -ness for a given base word? 2. Are the two affixes synonymous? For the first question, previous work has focused on morphological and phonological properties of the bases, but not their semantics. For question 2, the literature fails to give a convincing answer, with some studies, faced with doublets like ethnicity/ethnicness, arguing for a semantic difference, but most assuming synonymy. Using pretrained distributional vectors, I show empirically first that the semantics of the bases plays a major role in affix selection and second that the two affixes induce similar meaning shifts.
US state-level containment policies not associated with food insecurity changes during the early COVID-19 pandemic: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Sundermeir Samantha M , Tigue Erin , Acciai Francesco , Moynihan Emma , Niles Meredith T , Neff Roni
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To investigate the relationship between US containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and household food insecurity.

Design:

To investigate these relationships, we developed a framework linking COVID-19-related containment policies with different domains of food security and then used multilevel random effects models to examine associations between state-level containment policies and household food security. Our framework depicts theorised linkages between stringency policies and five domains of food security (availability, physical access, economic access, acceptability in meeting preferences and agency, which includes both self-efficacy and infrastructure). We used US national data from a representative survey data from the National Food Access and COVID research Team that was fielded in July–August 2020 and April 2021. Containment policy measures came from the Oxford Stringency Index and included policies such as stay-at-home orders, closing of public transit and workplace closures.

Setting:

The USA.

Participants:

3071 adult individuals from the National Food Access and COVID research Team survey.

Results:

We found no significant associations between state-level containment policies and overall food insecurity at the state level or any of the individual domains of food insecurity.

Conclusions:

This research suggests that while food insecurity across all domains was a significant problem during the studied phases of the pandemic, it was not associated with these containment measures. Therefore, impacts may have been successfully mitigated, likely through a suite of policies aimed at maintaining food security, including the declaration of food workers as essential and the expansion of federal nutrition programmes.
How do changes to social rights happen? Tracing changes in the right to social assistance for irregularised migrants in Sweden
Authors: Lundberg Anna , Persdotter Maria , Wernesjö Ulrika
Published: January 2025

This article investigates changes in the right to social assistance – a means-tested cash support programme, regulated by the Social Services Act – for irregularised migrants over a period of four decades, 1982–2022. The article makes the case that austerity policies have hollowed out the right to support, with significant repercussions for those with irregularised residency status. In doing so, it draws on a range of empirical data to shed light on the dynamics of legal change over time and across various settings, identifying both continuities and critical turning points. The latter include shifts in national or local migration policies, and novel intersections between migration law and social law, epitomised by court judgments that have redrawn the lines of inclusion and exclusion in the sphere of rights holders. The article also highlights continuous issues concerning inconsistencies in the legal sources made used of by courts, neglect of children’s interests and needs, and an application of requirements for participation in work-related activities that disadvantage migrants and citizens alike. Ultimately, the article offers insights into how social rights can be preserved in the context of increasingly restrictive migration and social policies.
A Historyof the “Pernicious Foreigner”: Jean Meyer and the Re-writing of the Mexican Revolution During the Global Sixties
Authors: Pensado Jaime M.
Published: January 2025

This article provides an intellectual history of Jean Meyer as an effort to shed light on the role that foreign historians played in the shaping of the Global Sixties in Mexico. His three-volume text composing La Cristiada (1972–74) has endured as one of the most cited and reprinted books in Mexican history, and to this day, its author has remained a hegemonic voice in Mexican academia. Yet little is known about the making of this groundbreaking book. In this effort, this article situates its methodology, revisionist arguments, and immediate perception in the political context of the era. It brings attention to Meyer’s rise in Mexican academia and examines the intellectual impact that three culminating events—the Cuban Revolution (1959), the progressive Catholicism of the Second Vatican Council (1962–65), and the Tlatelolco massacre of 1968—had on his generation and in the shaping of the Global Sixties in Mexico.
Significant East‐West Electron Density Differences Occurring in Less Than 30° Longitude Over the Ocean During the Recovery Phase of a Strong Geomagnetic Storm in Solar Minimum
Authors: Kuai Jiawei , Ma Qiaoqiao , Yu Tingting , Wu Kun , Sun Hao , Zhang Yedan
Published: January 2025

We conducted observational studies of ionospheric responses to the geomagnetic storm on 12 May 2021. We selected three cases that the electron density altitude profiles observed by Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 (COSMIC‐2) exhibited significant longitudinal differences in less than 30° longitudes. These cases occurred over the Atlantic Ocean and during the storm's recovery phase. All three cases show relatively weaker variations on the west side between disturbed and quiet time (<10%), while displaying pronounced positive/negative electron density variations on the east side (as large as 100%). GOLD and ICON observations illustrate that the thermospheric composition plays a minor role in the longitudinal differences, while neutral winds and disturbed electric fields make major contributions. Furthermore, significant longitudinal differences in E×B drift and neutral winds have also been observed, which will be part of the future work. This study provides unique insights into ionospheric responses within 30‐degree longitude range over the ocean.
Low Geomagnetic Paleointensity in the Mid‐Part of the Kiaman Superchron
Authors: Lloyd Simon J. , Biggin Andrew J. , Domeier Mathew , Lundmark A. Mattias , van der Boon Annique
Published: January 2025

The Kiaman Reversed Superchron (∼260–318 Ma) is the longest known period of single geomagnetic polarity in Earth history (∼55 million years). It is associated with anomalously low dispersion of virtual geomagnetic poles and some high estimates of Earth's dipole moment. However, many of these strong paleointensity data are of poor or unknown quality. Here we report full‐vector paleomagnetic measurements from a series of mid‐Kiaman (∼282–302 Ma) lamprophyre dykes from Orkney, Scotland. A total of 258 paleointensity experiments were performed alongside rock magnetic experiments and scanning electron microscopy. Eleven dykes produced virtual dipole moment estimates indicating that the field was weak (between 0.1 and 2.9 × 1022 Am2) at 302 Ma and only moderately stronger (between 2.7 and 7.1 × 1022 Am2) at 282 Ma. These new data challenge the paradigm of a uniquely strong field in the Kiaman superchron and are especially intriguing when considered alongside recent studies of geomagnetic field behavior during the later Cretaceous Normal Superchron (∼84–121 Ma). Average dipole moment may be marginally elevated and paleosecular variation moderately suppressed during the superchrons but, in other respects, the field can appear similar to that encountered during other times. The deep‐Earth conditions allowing for the generation of a geomagnetic field that is capable of weak, unstable behavior and transitory polarity inversions, while nevertheless maintaining a dominant single polarity for tens of millions of years, is not yet clear. The challenge of explaining superchrons and their geodynamic origin motivates further study integrating paleomagnetic observations with predictions from geodynamo simulations.
Do Microplastics Contribute to the Total Number Concentration of Ice Nucleating Particles?
Authors: Tatsii Daria , Gasparini Blaž , Evangelou Ioanna , Bucci Silvia , Stohl Andreas
Published: January 2025

Microplastics (MPs) can be transported into clouds, where they may act as ice nucleating particles (INPs). However, MPs have not been considered as contributors to INP concentrations. Here, we quantify road traffic‐related MP number concentrations, and estimate their contribution to total INP concentrations using the atmospheric transport model FLEXPART. We find that under a high emission scenario ice‐active MPs can account from about 0.1% to more than 40% of the total INP number in immersion freezing conditions in the tropics, whereas for cirrus conditions, their contribution can be up to about 7% over the tropical Pacific and up to about 20% over East Antarctica. Thus, in regions where other effective INPs are rare, ice‐active MP concentrations may be sufficient to trigger heterogeneous nucleation of ice crystals in mixed‐phase clouds or cirrus. This suggests that MP may affect cloud formation and highlights the need to reduce uncertainty in MP emissions and their fate in the atmosphere as plastic use continues to grow.
Thawing Permafrost Helped Trigger Ancient Icelandic Landslides
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: January 2025

New research shows that warming beginning about 13,000 years ago contributed to a proliferation of landslides in Iceland.
People Are Grieving Ecosystem Loss. How Can Public Land Managers Plan Accordingly?
Authors: Dieckman Emily
Published: January 2025

From hordes rushing into national parks to mourners holding glacier funerals, tourists wanting to take in threatened natural places may be shifting visitation patterns.
A living library concept to capture the dynamics and reactivity of mixed-metal clusters for catalysis
Authors: Bühler Raphael , Schütz Max , Andriani Karla F. , Quiles Marcos G. , de Mendonça João Paulo A. , Ocampo-Restrepo Vivianne K. , Stephan Johannes , Ling Sophia , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean-Yves , Gemel Christian , Da Silva Juarez L. F. , Fischer Roland A.
Published: January 2025

The exploration of ligated metal clusters’ chemical space is challenging, partly owing to an insufficiently targeted access to reactive clusters. Now, dynamic mixtures of clusters, defined as living libraries, are obtained through organometallic precursor chemistry. The libraries are populated with interrelated clusters, including transient and highly reactive ones, as well as more accessible but less reactive species. Their evolutions upon perturbation with substrate molecules are monitored and chemical information is gained without separation of the clusters. Here we prepared a library of all-hydrocarbon ligated Cu/Zn clusters and developed a bias-free computational framework suited to analyse the full compositional space that yields a reliable structural model for each cluster. This methodology enables efficient searches for structure–reactivity relationships relevant for catalysis with mixed-metal clusters: when treating the library with CO2 or 3-hexyne and H2, we discovered [Cu11Zn6](Cp*)8(CO2)2(HCO2) bearing a formate species related to CO2 reduction and [Cu9Zn7](Cp*)6(Hex)3(H)3 bearing C6 species related to alkyne semi-hydrogenation.
Diversity of biomass usage pathways to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system
Authors: Millinger M. , Hedenus F. , Zeyen E. , Neumann F. , Reichenberg L. , Berndes G.
Published: January 2025

Biomass is a versatile renewable energy source with applications across the energy system, but it is a limited resource and its usage needs prioritization. We use a sector-coupled European energy system model to explore near-optimal solutions for achieving emissions targets. We find that provision of biogenic carbon has higher value than bioenergy provision. Energy system costs increase by 20% if biomass is excluded at a net-negative (−110%) emissions target and by 14% at a net-zero target. Dispatchable bioelectricity covering ~1% of total electricity generation strengthens supply reliability. Otherwise, it is not crucial in which sector biomass is used, if combined with carbon capture to enable negative emissions and feedstock for e-fuel production. A shortage of renewable electricity or hydrogen supply primarily increases the value of using biomass for fuel production. Results are sensitive to upstream emissions of biomass, carbon sequestration capacity and costs of direct air capture.
KorB switching from DNA-sliding clamp to repressor mediates long-range gene silencing in a multi-drug resistance plasmid
Authors: McLean Thomas C. , Balaguer-Pérez Francisco , Chandanani Joshua , Thomas Christopher M. , Aicart-Ramos Clara , Burick Sophia , Olinares Paul Dominic B. , Gobbato Giulia , Mundy Julia E. A. , Chait Brian T. , Lawson David M. , Darst Seth A. , Campbell Elizabeth A. , Moreno-Herrero Fernando , Le Tung B. K.
Published: January 2025

Examples of long-range gene regulation in bacteria are rare and generally thought to involve DNA looping. Here, using a combination of biophysical approaches including X-ray crystallography and single-molecule analysis for the KorB–KorA system in Escherichia coli, we show that long-range gene silencing on the plasmid RK2, a source of multi-drug resistance across diverse Gram-negative bacteria, is achieved cooperatively by a DNA-sliding clamp, KorB, and a clamp-locking protein, KorA. We show that KorB is a CTPase clamp that can entrap and slide along DNA to reach distal target promoters up to 1.5 kb away. We resolved the tripartite crystal structure of a KorB–KorA–DNA co-complex, revealing that KorA latches KorB into a closed clamp state. DNA-bound KorA thus stimulates repression by stalling KorB sliding at target promoters to occlude RNA polymerase holoenzymes. Together, our findings explain the mechanistic basis for KorB role switching from a DNA-sliding clamp to a co-repressor and provide an alternative mechanism for long-range regulation of gene expression in bacteria.
Long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in a population-based pediatric cohort
Authors: Höppner Jakob , Maier Christoph , Schlegtendal Anne , Hoffmann Anna , Petersmann Astrid , Lücke Thomas , Toepfner Nicole , Brinkmann Folke
Published: January 2025

During the omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines becoming available, seroprevalence rates rose in children and adolescents. This study investigated the impact of both SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccinations on the incidence of acute and prolonged symptoms in real-world conditions during the transition from the pandemic to the endemic phase. Participants from a pediatric population based seroprevalence study (CorKID study) were followed up at least two and for almost four years by survey of health status features and symptoms suggestive of post-COVID syndrome (PCS). In a subgroup (n = 259) SARS-CoV-2 antibody serology was further investigated. 789 participants of the original CorKID study cohort (n = 2.121; 37.2%) were included. 67.9% reported at least one SARS-CoV2 infection. 46.6% had received one or more SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. In the vast majority of serologically tested participants antibodies again SARS-CoV-2 spike (98.9%) or nucleocapsid (93.3%) antigen were detected following infection and/or vaccination. At least 30% experienced one unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infection. The overall health status was comparable between children, irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 infections and similar to pre-pandemic assessment. However, a subset of young adolescents exhibited a decline in physical performance compared to pre-pandemic conditions. After infection, PCS-like symptoms persisted in 7% of the respondents for more than three months and up to four years. SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated participants (47%) reported 12% less acute flu-like infections other than SARS-CoV-2. Nearly all participants developed SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this longitudinal study through either vaccination or infection during the Omicron wave. About 7% of participants suffered from PCS symptoms, predominately fatigue and exhaustion. Furthermore, participants who received vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 reported a lower frequency of acute infections during follow-up.