bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA PANDEMIA DE COVID Y LOS MIGRANTES: UNA AGENDA DE DIEZ PUNTOS PARA MITIGAR EL DESASTRE EN CURSO
Authors: Taran Patrick , Solorzano Alcivar Nayeth Idalid
Published: May 2021

A nivel mundial, millones de migrantes, refugiados, solicitantes de asilo y apátridas se encuentran entre los más afectados por la pandemia de COVID-19. Millones más de migrantes estacionales e itinerantes se ven afectados de manera similar. No obstante, incluso durante los bloqueos más severos, muchos países siguen dependiendo de los migrantes y refugiados para realizar trabajos esenciales como mantener en funcionamiento los servicios de salud, la producción de alimentos, la industria, el comercio y otros sectores. Se argumenta que las respuestas efectivas a la pandemia de coronavirus, en particular aquellas enfocadas en migrantes y refugiados, deben respetar los derechos, ser apropiadas y proporcionadas para prevenir la propagación de COVID y garantizar la capacidad de las personas - y las economías - para mantener la situación social, local y bienestar nacional. Sin embargo, muchas políticas y acciones que abordan el COVID-19 se han implementado con poca o ninguna consideración por los migrantes y refugiados. Esto ha resultado en problemas de salud, mortalidad, desempleo, prevención de COVID y tratamientos, deportación masiva y pérdida de medios de vida para estas poblaciones. Siguiendo un análisis crítico, en esta investigación se identifican diez temas que caracterizan una respuesta integradora e integral dirigida a migrantes y refugiados. Las soluciones rápidas desvían recursos, mientras que solo un conjunto de respuestas que abordan los problemas interrelacionados de salud, protección social, empleo, comunidad, género, movilidad transfronteriza, no discriminación, comunicación y recuperación, pueden resolver los desafíos planteados por la pandemia en este mundo móvil e interdependiente.
PERTINENCIA DE ESTRATEGIAS DEL SISTEMA EDUCATIVO FINLANDÉS, DIRIGIDAS A MEJORAR LOS RESULTADOS DE APRENDIZAJES DE ESTUDIANTES CON NEE
Authors: Macancela-Torres Fanny , Medina-Litardo Fidela
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la pertinencia de las estrategias del sistema educativo finlandés, a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura dirigida a mejorar los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales NEE. Con la finalidad de alcanzar nuestra meta se llevó a cabo un estudio de investigación sistemática de la literatura, la cual incluyó la revisión de artículos publicados desde el año 2015 hasta el 2020 en revistas arbitradas indexadas a las bases de datos de Scopus, EBSCO, Scielo, Google Académico y Redalyc. Los resultados revelaron que a pesar de que Finlandia tiene un sistema educativo exitoso, uno de los mejores del mundo en relación con la excelencia académica y a inclusión educativa, sin embargo, no hay evidencias concretas que haya sido implementado completamente en otros países. En conclusión, el sistema educativo finlandés tiene ciertas diferencias con el sistema educativo ecuatoriano, de tal manera que para su implementación implicaría cambios estructurales e incluso legales.
A Study of Fauna Assemblages and Their Relation to the Sediment Accumulation in the Coral Reef Area, NW of the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Al-Humaidan Zainab
Published: May 2021

The discovery of coral reefs in Iraqi marine waters is a new event in 2012 and it covers an area of approximately 28 km2 at the southern end of Khor Al-Amia. A team of divers from the German Freiburg Institute for Mining and Technology and Marine Science Center at the University of Basra were able to find coral reefs in the NW part of the Arabian Gulf. The aim of this article is to study fauna assemblages and try to understand the relationship between the accumulation of sediments and fauna assemblages in the Coral Reef area NW of the Arabian Gulf, southern of Iraq. Four surface samples of sediments of the area were studied and determined the relationship between the types of texture and the amount of fauna and shell fragments. Mollusca was chosen from among the existing groups of fauna due to the great number of species and large sizes, also Bryozoa studied in the region. The sand texture is predominant in the sediments of the area and the sand ratio was between 55-97% most of their grains are fine and round. The sediments of the region were distinguished by a high percentage of shells between 24–69% from the total percentage of sand. The phenomenon of multiple colors of sand and fauna revealed this due to the presence of minerals and oxides, impurities and pollution in the region, and genetic factors concerning fauna. Many species were diagnosed in the sediments of the region, reaching 62 species of Mollusca and Bryozoa. Mollusca is classified into three types (Gastropod, Pelecypoda and Scaphopoda). Some species were recorded for the first time in the region such as Japonactaeonpusillus, Cylichna cylindracea and Cuna majeeda.
The Reliance of the Earthquake B-Value on Depth and Focal Mechanism
Authors: Al-Heety Emad
Published: May 2021

The earthquake size distribution (b-value) is a significant factor to recognize the seismic activity, seismotectonic, and seismic hazard assessment. In the current work, the connection of the b-constant value with the focal depth and mechanism was studied. The effect of the study scale (global, regional and local) on the dependence of b-value on the focal mechanisms was investigated. The database is quoted from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor catalog. The selected earthquakes are the shallow normal, reverse and strike-slip events. The completeness magnitude (Mc) is 5.3. The maximum likelihood method is utilized to compute the b-value. The obtained results show that the b-value is decreasing with depth to range 10-20 km, then increases to the depth of 40km. The turning point of b-value (increasing of b-value) locates at the depth of the transition brittle-ductile zone. Globally and regionally, low, moderate, and high b-values are associated with reverse, strike-slip, and normal focal mechanisms, respectively, while locally, the relation between b-values and focal mechanisms shows different association trends, such as low, moderate, and high b-values are associated with normal, strike-slip, and reverse focal mechanisms and so on.
Geological Model for Mauddud Reservoir Khabaz Oil Field
Authors: Ahmed Rayan
Published: May 2021

The Mauddud reservoir, Khabaz oil field which is considered one of the main carbonate reservoirs in the north of Iraq. Recognizing carbonate reservoirs represents challenges to engineers because reservoirs almost tend to be tight and overall heterogeneous. The current study concerns with geological modeling of the reservoir is an oil-bearing with the original gas cap. The geological model is establishing for the reservoir by identifying the facies and evaluating the petrophysical properties of this complex reservoir, and calculate the amount of hydrocarbon. When completed the processing of data by IP interactive petrophysics software, and the permeability of a reservoir was calculated using the concept of hydraulic units then, there are three basic steps to construct the geological model, starts with creating a structural, facies and property models. The reservoirs were divided into four zones depending on the variation of petrophysical properties (porosity and permeability). Nine wells that penetrate the Cretaceous Formation (Mauddud reservoir) are included to construct the geological model. Zone number three characterized as the most important due to it Is large thickness which is about 108 m and good petrophysical properties are about 13%, 55 md, 41% and 38% for porosity, permeability, water saturation and net to gross respectively. The initial oil and gas in place are evaluated to be about 981×106 STB and 400×109 SCF.
Evaluate Air Pollution Dispersion in Al-Daura Refinery After Used Desulfurization Techniques
Authors: Hassoon Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Sulfur dioxide is one of the dangerous pollutant gases; it has many effects associated with longer exposures to respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. In this study desulfurization techniques are applied to the burned fuel oil used in the Al-Daura refinery at two seasons (January represents winter and July represents summer) to reduce the emission of SO2. Method for desulfurization is based on oxidation (hydrogen peroxide) and solvent extraction techniques by N-methyl–2 -pyrrolidone (NMP) applied on crude fuel oil used in refinery, this method can remove about 75% of sulfur from fuel oil used to a supplied refinery in 2017. The total amount of burned fuel oil is 60011.6 and 40418 kg/hour (January–July) through 2017. The emission rate for SO2 is calculated before and after desulfurization suggested to apply and leads to reduce the average monthly rates from 6000 to 2100 and 2900–700µg/m3 at January-July at a distance of 1000 m from refinery point center. More reduction in farther distances in SO2 concentration reach to more than 35% resulted after applied desulfurization. This change in emission rate leads to modify the pollution spatial distribution of SO2 concentration according to the Gaussian model for the dispersion of pollutant around the refinery and with a distance reached to more than 10 km. Overall there is a significant change in the air quality of SO2 around Al-Daura refinery specifically in the southeast direction when this technique is applied.
Estimation of Annual Runoff of Galal Badra Transboundary Watershed Using Arc Swat Model, Wasit, Eastern of Iraq
Authors: Manhi Hazim
Published: May 2021

Optimal investment of natural water resources in an area is an effective way to provide significant amounts of water that can contribute to reduce the negative impacts of climate extremism. Proper assessment of the components of any hydrological system is a priority in watersheds studying. SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was used within ArcGIS, to assess the hydrological situation in general, and surface runoff in particular for Galal Badra Watershed GBW (Wasit Governorate, eastern Iraq). GBW has an area of 2,655 square kilometers (89% of which is in Iran and the rest 11% within Iraq). The data set for SWAT model running were digital elevation model, slope map, soil map, LULC map, and climatic data (precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, minimum/ maximum air temperature). SWAT simulation concluded that the annual average surface runoff in GBW was 244x106 cubic meters (with an average discharge of 7.8 M3 / s), which accounts for about 25.7% of the total precipitation. This ratio can be used in preliminary forecasting of surface runoff resulting from different amounts of precipitation. The model was not calibrated due to insufficient data available to complete the calibration process. However, the results provided by the SWAT model regarding the water balance elements in the watershed, make the SWAT model an effective tool for hydrological assessments, especially in cases where the necessary data are scarce for various reasons. Also, SWAT results can be considered as a preliminary assessment, which gives an overview of the hydrological situation of the area, contributes to building an initial perception of the water system, determining the most important elements in it, and anticipating the factors most influencing it. This enables policymakers, decision-makers, and stakeholders to adopt future plans at the level of research and implementation that will develop the reality of water investment in the region under conditions of climate extremism.
Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments Using Bio-Concentration Method of Al-Ma’ail River in Al-Kahla’a District, Maysan, Southern Iraq
Authors: Qadoori Ayman
Published: May 2021

Al-Ma'ail river is one of the small Iraqi rivers, as it extends over a distance of approximately 47 km. Al-Ma'ail river is located next to Halfaya oil field, which is the main source of pollution to Al-Ma’ail river, consequently, the environmental quality of Al-Ma'ail river is under great pressure from a variety of human activities. Although water is commonly used as an indicator of contamination by heavy metals, sediments are considered as water important in assessing the environmental situation. In this study, water and sediment samples were analyzed to assess the pollution status of heavy metals in Al-Ma'ail river, with the aim of determining its ability to sustain aquatic life. Samples were taken from five sites along Al-Ma'ail river between the branch area of Al-Ma'ail river from the Al-Kahla river (which also branches from Tigris River upon its exit from Amara City), until Al-Ma'ail river reaches pond of Umm Al-Na'aj (marshland). Ten Water and five sediment samples were collected in August 2020. Samples were analyzed for eight heavy metals: As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V, Ni and Zn, using AAS techniques. As for the water samples, all the concentrations were over the standards (except Zn which was within the limits in all samples), While Cu concentration in (samples SW1 to SW7) are within the standards (except SW8 and SW9 are close U.S.EPA and within WHO). Concentrations of heavy metals in sediments were over the limits in all samples. The bio-concentration values of heavy metals were calculated and all metal rates were found within the acceptable range for the U.S. EPA, except for vanadium, which was higher than the permissible limit and was a bio-accumulative and considered as an indicator of oil pollution. The results indicate the presence of long-term contamination of the eight selected heavy metals in the river sediments which may be of concern to the health of the aquatic ecosystem.
Predicting Tbm Performance for Pila Spi Formation in Qara Dagh Anticline, NE Iraq
Authors: Othman Burkan
Published: May 2021

There are a few studies on the engineering properties of the Pila Spi Formations in scattered areas of Northern Iraq, but there is no study on predicting the performance of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM), which is of great importance in future large engineering projects in Iraq. The study area is located on the Takya about 50 km south the center of Sulaimania City. Field and laboratory studies were conducted on five (5) selected sites situated in the southwestern flank of the Qara Dagh anticline. The axis of the anticline extends from NW-SE of Iraq with a length of roughly 116 km. The engineering and field results of the samples collected from different locations indicate that the compressive strength of the rocks having a fine texture and slightly weathered characteristics ranges between strong to very strong with high dry density and low moisture content. In addition, the average Schmidt hammer rebound and weight losses percentages of Lose Angeles values are 48 and 22%, respectively the sizes of the blocks range from large to very large, the spacing of the discontinuities is medium to wide. The performance of TBM in terms rate of advance is generally determined based on these geological rock materials and masses. To estimate the rate advance of boring machine (TBM) in this study, the method depends on the total hardness. After applying the total hardness method, it was estimated that the predicted rate of advancement of the TBM would be very slow (approximately 1.57 -1.86 m/hr) due to the strong hardness of the rocks of Pila Spi Formation.
LEGAL, STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
Authors:   University of Ljubljana., MALEŠIC Marjan
Published: May 2021

The article is based on the presumption that contemporary security crises are increasingly and explicitly marked by growth in quantity and important changes in quality as displayed in the endemicity of crises, their composition, duration and complexity. It is a tendency of great contemporary crises that their effects reach beyond national borders, that they expand from one social field to another, and that they connect with existing social problems which are then further exacerbated. The changing dimensions of modern crises have a direct influence on crisis management. Its conventional organization and co-ordination forms are no longer adequate, a rethinking of politics and the capacity of crisis response is needed that takes both the national and international levels of the problem into account. The stated characteristics of a crisis and crisis management are also a concern of Slovenia, which has relatively well-developed crisis management within individual governmental agencies but has not yet established the appropriate coordination between them, i.e. on the national, strategic level. The article comprises a brief theoretical introduction to crisis and crisis management, followed by the results of an analysis of the legal structure regulating this field in Slovenia. It also offers subjective viewpoints of senior state officials on crisis management, selected functional aspects of crisis management, and final conclusions.
MILITARY COUNSELING IN THE ARMED FORCES COMMUNITY OF SOUTH KOREA
Authors:   Department of Moral Education Gyeongsang National University, South Korea., Gyun Yeo Park
Published: May 2021

The contemporary generation of Korean soldiers has faced greater difficulties than its predecessors in adjusting mentally to military life. Prominent problems include relationship conflicts, perceived incompatibility with military culture, depression, internet addiction, violence, and extreme cases have resulted in suicide. Hence, the military authorities have realized the critical importance of counseling for soldiers, and have implemented a number of counter-measures. Military counseling concerns activities both within and outside the armed forces aimed at solving the psychological problems of soldiers. Due to technical and personal limitations within the armed forces, collaboration with civilian groups is essential. The Korean Association of Counseling Professionals (KACP) conducted counseling education for about 1,000 primary officers in 2006. Encouragingly, not only was the response from senior officers very positive, but also the rate of soldiers' committing suicide was reduced following the implementation of the program. The principles of this program are elaborated though four stages- 1) 'Epoché in phenomenology' which concerns opening the mind and removing mental bias, 2) 'Approach', 3)'Collective problem-solving' and 4) 'Changing the mind.' The authors call this the '4 stages of counseling program (EAST-C model).
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND JOB SATISFACTION: EMPRICAL FINDINGS FROM HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN MALAYSIA
Authors:   Institute of Business and Technology, Karachi., Alam Muhammad Masroor
Published: May 2021

This study seeks to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction among the administrative staff in higher education institution in Malaysia. The literature suggests that employee skills in general and emotional intelligence in particular, play a significant role in the success of completing their goals in the workplace and hence perceived greater job satisfaction. This argument, despite its popularity, remains elusive. This can be attributed to the fact that although a few studies have provided evidence to support this argument, it has not received an appropriate empirical investigation at all level of employees and their work role in a different industrial setting. This study attempts to narrow this gap by empirically examining the extent to which employees at university's non teaching roles with high emotional intelligence employed in public sector organizations develop positive work attitudes, behavior and outcomes. And therefore they perform well to sustain job satisfaction. Using a sample of 120 non teaching employees in University Perlis Malaysia, their EI were captured using a five point likert scale. Correlation statistics revealed that EI with its three dimensions, appraisal, utilization and regulation were associated significantly and positively with job satisfaction. The linear regression analysis result further confirmed the predictor nature of the three dimension of emotional intelligence for the job satisfaction.
Yönetimde Ahlak ve Maneviyata Yönelik Bir Öneri
Authors: MÜCEVHER Muhammet Hamdi
Published: May 2021

Daha hızlı, daha kaliteli, daha ucuz stratejileriyle rekabetin formüllerinin belirlendiği, verimlilik, üretkenlik, etkinlik ve kârlılık gibi kavramlarla başarı ve performansın değerlendirildiği günümüz işletme dünyasında, yönetimde ahlak ve maneviyattan bahsetmek beyhude bir uğraş gibi görülebilse de bir gerekliliktir. Çünkü ahlak ve maneviyatı olmayan bir işletme ne kadar başarılı bir işletme olursa olsun bir yanı eksik kalır. Başarılı, kaliteli, hızlı, kârlı ama ahlaksız, ilkesiz, kuralsız, erdemsiz bir işletme, nasıl bir işletmedir? Bu sebeple işletmeler, yaşamda bir amaç, anlam ve sorumluluk olduğu bilinciyle hareket etmeli, denge, ahlak, maneviyat, bilgelik ve erdem gibi kavramları ölçü alarak, bir orta yol edinmelidir. Bunu sağlamanın yollarından birisi, yönetim anlayışı ve izlenen yolun insani, manevi ve dini temellere göre ayarlanması olabilir. Böylece ahlak ve maneviyat kavramları, yönetimde bir yol haritası olarak kullanılabilir. Bu önermeden hareketle yapılan çalışmada, “Yönetimde ahlak ve maneviyat” mefhumu ortaya atılarak, örgütler ve yöneticilerin kullanabileceği bir yönetim anlayışı olması için bir çerçeve sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
THE IMPORTANCE OF C OLLABORATIVE LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM
Authors: Soibova Gulchiroy , Jabbarova Zuhraxon
Published: May 2021

This article represents the detailed information about the collaborative learning in the classroom. It depicts what is the collaborative learning, the significance of collaborative learning and also gives a thorough explanation why teachers are supposed to use this method during the lesson. As an outcome it endeavours to give some useful strategies of using collaborative learning approach.
SEMANTIC FEATURES, MUTUAL TRANSLATION AND LEXICOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION OF MOOD VERBS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Authors: Tashpulatova Sh
Published: May 2021

This  article reports on the interpretation of the semantic features of mood verbs in English and Uzbek. In addition, the mutual translation and lexicography of these verbs are analyzed. There are also some additional details on the subject.
TRANSFER OF ETHNOGRAPHIES IN FRENCH-UZBEK TRANSLATION DICTIONARIES
Authors: Shaxobiddinova Shahlo
Published: May 2021

Тадқиқот доирасида луғатларни қиёсий таҳлил қилганда энг аввало луғатларнинг тузилиши, сўзларнинг қамровлилик даражаси, луғатларда берилиш тамойиллари таҳлил қилинди ва шу билан биргаликда ўзбекча-французча миллий-маданий сўзларнинг қисқача изоҳли луғати яратилиши кераклиги хулоса қилинди.
THE IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING METHODOLOGIES
Authors: Nazaralieva Naima
Published: May 2021

In this fast-paced ever changing modern world one is required a high level of professional competence and to be skilled at various spheres. To reach satisfying evaluation of one’s own behavior and knowledge there is a high demand for highly qualified education. Much faster development is needed to improve the quality of the systems in significant branches, particularly in education. It is nowadays more common and beneficial to leave traditional passive ways of teaching in education since using active and interactive teaching methods are admitted as ways which give a greater chance to stimulate the teaching process, in contrast to traditional methods that can be no longer competitive for today’s requirements. This article discusses the importance and effectiveness of interactive teaching methods in updated teaching process.
CARACTERÍSTICAS MICROMORFOLÓGICAS DE SUSTRATOS ORGÁNICOS Y SU RELACIÓN CON RETENCIÓN DE AGUA Y CRECIMIENTO RADICAL
Authors: Gayosso Rodríguez Salomé , Gutiérrez Castorena María del Carmen , Estrada Botello Maximiano Antonio , Sánchez Hernández Rufo
Published: May 2021

El estudio de la micromorfología permite comprender el funcionamiento hídrico y la respuesta fisiológica de los cultivos en un sustrato. En la investigación se evaluó el efecto de la micromorfología de mezclas de materiales orgánicos, sobre el contenido de agua y el crecimiento radical de crisantemo. La hipótesis fue que la descripción de la micromorfología de nuevas propuestas de sustratos permitiría inferir la contención, el movimiento del agua y en consecuencia el crecimiento radical. Materiales orgánicos se utilizaron como: aserrín (AP) y viruta de pino (VP), bagazo de henequén (BH), polvo de coco (PC) y un sustrato testigo (turba:Agrolita®). Siete mezclas se evaluaron plantando esquejes enraizados en contenedores con capacidad de 1250 mL. En las mezclas se determinó potencial hídrico (ψ), volumen radical (VR) y peso seco de raíces (PSR); en las hojas, el contenido relativo de agua (CRA) y el uso eficiente del agua (UEA). La micromorfología y la porosidad se caracterizaron a través de la descripción de secciones delgadas. Los resultados indicaron que la forma y distribución del tamaño de partículas, el grado de descomposición de la materia orgánica y el tipo y tamaño de poro, influyeron en la retención y el movimiento del agua en un sustrato. La mezcla de bagazo de henequén y aserrín en una relación 20:80, formó poros de empaquetamiento compuesto, de tamaños entre 50 y 500 μm y superó a la mezcla testigo en el uso eficiente del agua, sin diferencias significativas en potencial hídrico, contenido relativo de agua, volumen radical, ni peso seco de raíces. La combinación de polvo de coco y aserrín de pino formó poros de empaquetamiento compuesto y microporos <50 μm que dificultaron el movimiento del agua y afectaron el crecimiento de las raíces. En la mezcla 20PC:80VP el 80% de las partículas fueron >200 μm, con poros de empaquetamiento simples con 80% de tamaños de 200 a 500 μm que ocasionaron la percolación del agua y una disminución del (ψ) potencial hídrico.
DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EN MAÍZ AL CONSIDERAR FENOLOGÍA, EFECTO EN RENDIMIENTO Y EFICIENCIA EN EL USO DEL AGUA
Authors: Sifuentes Ibarra Ernesto , Ojeda Bustamante Waldo , Macías Cervantes Jaime , Mendoza Pérez Cándido , Preciado Rangel Pablo
Published: May 2021

La presencia de períodos de disponibilidad hídrica baja y las eficiencias de riego bajas obligan a los distritos de riego (DR) a implementar acciones como la reducción de la superficie cultivada y el número de riegos de los cultivos. Esto, causa en muchos casos, impactos negativos en rendimiento al no aplicarse en forma científica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar de manera experimental el efecto del estrés hídrico a partir de la fenología, en los componentes del rendimiento y en el uso eficiente del agua del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.). El experimento se realizó en el distrito de riego DR-075, durante el ciclo otoño-invierno (OI) 2012-2013 y se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos (T) de déficit hídrico y un testigo (TES) diseñados a partir de la función FAO que relaciona el déficit hídrico con el rendimiento. T1 recibió dos riegos de auxilio (RA) distribuidos en las etapas V12 y R2; T2 recibió tres RA distribuidos en V9, R1 y R3; T3 recibió cuatro en V7, V12, R1 y R3-R4. T4 cinco RA en V5, V12, R1, R3 y R4. El TES recibió cuatro RA distribuidos igual que T3, pero aplicados en forma convencional. Las variables evaluadas fueron: eficiencia de aplicación (EA), materia fresca (MF), materia seca (MS), rendimiento de grano (Ya), índice cosecha (IC) y productividad del agua (PA). El seguimiento de riegos y fenología se realizó con la plataforma informática IRRIMODEL complementada con observaciones de campo; el monitoreo de la humedad del suelo se realizó con un sensor portátil tipo TDR. Los resultados proporcionaron información científica para manejar el riego del cultivo de maíz considerando fenología, bajo condiciones normales y de disponibilidad hídrica restringida. En el primer escenario se debe evitar el quinto riego de auxilio y en el segundo, utilizar el calendario de tres auxilios (T2) para obtener eficiencias de aplicación iguales o mayores a 64%.
EXPRESIÓN DE GENES RELACIONADOS CON PATOGÉNESIS EN CHILE (Capsicum annuum L.) INOCULADO CON Bacillus subtilis Y Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Gayosso Rosales Luis Yobani , Villar Luna Edgar , Rodríguez Torres María Dolores , Angoa Pérez María Valentina , Mena Violante Hortencia Gabriela , Méndez Inocencio Carlos
Published: May 2021

El cultivo de chile (Capsicum annuum L.) destaca por el valor agro-alimenticio alto del producto, aunado a su valor comercial. Los nematodos Meloidogyne incognita y M. enterolobii (Me) afectan al cultivo; M. enterolobii (Me) es el más relevante por su agresividad notable. El estudio de alternativas ecológicas es de interés para control estos fitoparásitos. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron conocer el efecto de Bacillus subtilis (Bs) (CH90) sobre la expresión de los genes PR-1, PR-5, y PR-12 que codifican proteínas relacionadas con patogénesis en chile cv. California Wonder (Cw) infectado con Me; y evaluar el efecto de Bs sobre agallamiento (A) y producción de huevos (H) del nematodo en raíces de Cw. Dos experimentos independientes (E1 y E2) se establecieron con diseño completamente al azar. En E1 y E2 los tratamientos fueron: Cw inoculado solo con Me (CwMe), Cw con Bs y Me (CwBsMe), Cw solo con Bs (CwBs), y Cw sin inoculación (Cw). En ambos experimentos, el nivel de inóculo de Bs fue 108 UFC mL-1, y para Me fue 500 J2 por planta. En E1 la expresión génica se determinó a 3, 7, y 14 d después de inoculación (DPI) con Me. En E2 las variables A y H se evaluaron 45 DPI con Me. PR-1 y PR-5 se sobre expresaron 3 y 7 DPI en los tratamientos CwBsMe y CwBs, en contraste con CwMe (p≤0.05). A los 14 DPI, los genes en todos los tratamientos tuvieron una expresión menor (p≤0.05). La sobre expresión máxima de PR-12 se registró a 14 DPI en los tratamientos CwBsMe y CwBs (p≤0.05). Las plantas de cv. C. Wonder tratadas con B. subtilis CH90 solo o en combinación con M. enterolobii activaron las rutas de defensa dependientes del ácido salicílico (AS) y jasmónico (AJ) pero dicha activación no afectó la reproducción del nematodo en raíces de chile.
Pinus greggii ENGELM.: RESPUESTA A LA INOCULACIÓN MICORRÍCICA CONTROLADA Y A LA FERTILIZACIÓN EN VIVERO
Authors: Salcido Ruiz Silvia , Prieto Ruíz José Ángel , García Rodríguez José Leonardo , Santana Aispuro Enrique , Chávez Simental Jorge Armando
Published: May 2021

En México, la producción de planta de Pinus greggii Engelm. en vivero debe alcanzar estándares morfológicos y fisiológicos fijados por la Norma Mexicana para la Certificación de la Operación de Viveros Forestales (NMX-AA-170-SCFI-2016), donde destaca la nutrición y la presencia de micorrizas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento de Pinus greggii en la etapa de vivero, con base en la inoculación micorrícica con dos productos comerciales y el uso de un fertilizante de liberación controlada en dos dosis. La hipótesis fue que al menos una combinación del tipo de inoculante y dosis de fertilización, favorece el crecimiento de las plantas en proporción mayor. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con nueve tratamientos, los datos se analizaron con ANDEVA y las medias de los tratamientos se compararon con la prueba de Tukey. A los 11 meses de la siembra se analizaron variables morfológicas, índices de calidad, porcentaje de supervivencia y de micorrización; además, se caracterizaron las ectomicorrizas desarrolladas. La supervivencia varió de 64 a 99%, con los porcentajes mayores en los tratamientos inoculados solo con hongos nativos o exóticos. Las plantas mostraron diferencias significativas en las variables morfológicas; los tratamientos combinados, sin importar la dosis o tipo de inoculante, mostraron resultados mejores. El porcentaje de colonización micorrícica varió de 37 a 63%, y destacaron los tratamientos inoculados con esporas de hongos exóticos y fertilizados (en ambas dosis). La diversidad de esporas de hongos contenidos en los inoculantes comerciales no coincidió con las especies de hongos que establecieron simbiosis con P. greggii. En conclusión, la adición de fertilizante de liberación controlada e inoculación con productos comerciales dio como resultado una producción de planta de calidad.
The Socio-cultural and Political Role of Women in The Teke Kingdom XIXth - XXth Centuries
Authors: Dominique Oba
Published: May 2021

The Teke company recognizes a heavy responsibility of women in their status as wife and mother and in their participation in different social, cultural and political activities. In this matrimonial society, the Teke woman is a true artist in the history of the Teke kingdom. On this subject, the political history of the Teke kingdom invokes the implication of the woman in the management of the kingdom and in the sense that the role of the woman is very noticed in this Teke civilization which continues to resist as best it can the perverse effects of globalization. As one of the last kingdoms in Central Africa, the Teke kingdom, which resisted during slavery and European penetration, has long known the importance of women. It was in this sense that it had made it possible to place her in the socio-cultural and political sphere. The Teke woman being a dynamic woman worked with great ardor, occupying an important place within the kingdom where her presence was almost noticed everywhere.
A Study of the Socioeconomic Impact of Mobile Phones on SMEs in the Waterloo Community, the Western Rural District of Sierra Leone
Authors: Mansaray Hassan Elsan
Published: May 2021

To assess the impact of mobile phones on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Waterloo Community, the researcher used qualitative research methods to do the study. It is selected with the intention of evaluating the socioeconomic impact on the use of mobile phones in the transport, Sand and stone mining as well as general merchandize/petty trading activities in the Waterloo community. Hence, simple random sampling technique was applied in selecting the number of participants that were involved in the study. The study discovered that the SMEs have contributed to socioeconomic development at certain level through the use of mobile phones. The impact of mobile phones in the Waterloo community involved:  precise accounting and bookkeeping, making payments and collections, selling of products, and services to customers, connecting people, and increase business network opportunities and jobs creation.

The study further revealed the challenges faced by SMEs in their daily operations in the Waterloo community for example, increased competition from large firms, and multinational corporations, the ability to adjust to fast changing market demand, technological capacity, and change limitations linking  knowledge, innovation, and creativity. Other challenges include lack of previous experience to run the SMEs, poor planning, no proper markets assessment, uncommercialized products, scanty marketing skills and lack of good corporate governance.
Government’s Role in Advancing Innovation
Authors: Katz Yaron
Published: May 2021

The paper examines the way that policy of governmental intervention can promote innovation and achieve a leading role in global markets. Innovation is a major driver of economic development and what drives competition in modern age, allowing nations a competitive position through investments in technology. The nature of innovation changed significantly in the last decades, and it is today based on technological advancement and openness to global developments. As the world is changing, competition between countries accelerates, and the role of governments in technology development is critical. The paper argues that the most significant role in innovation is provided by governments, which need to create new markets rather than just supervise them. Israel is a leader in innovation, providing the perfect example for the success of governmental policy to encourages innovation. The country is known as the “Start-up Nation”, which means that its economic growth is linked to technology and innovation. This policy promotes innovation by the government, which is deeply involved in the market and dictates the scope of technological advancement.
Right to Own Land by the State in the Frame of Constitutional Law
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin
Published: May 2021

The right to control the state over land should be able to achieve the greatest prosperity of the people as mandated by Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. It is important to discuss the problem of the meaning of the substance of the right to control land by the State based on the 1945 Constitution. and what is the right to control land by the state based on regulations in the framework of constitutional law so that land for the greatest prosperity of the people can be achieved. The research method used is the normative juridical legal research method. The results show that the right to control land by the state within the framework of constitutional law is still very far from being burned, so that the prosperity of the people, one of which can be achieved through proper management of land controlled by the state, has not been able to achieve people's happiness as adhered to by the theory of utilitarianism law and more. continued as stated in the 1945 Constitution and the Basic Agrarian Law applicable in Indonesia.
Experience in Poverty Reduction in the World and Lesson for Vietnam
Authors: Dung Dang Huu
Published: May 2021

Vietnam is a country that is considered to have certain successes in poverty reduction. However, poverty is still very concerned and is always one of the hot issues of society. Through the study of documents, this article aims to learn about effective poverty reduction activities of countries around the world so that we can learn from the experiences, good lessons of these countries to apply in reducing effectively poverty in Vietnamese. The results of the literature review show that poverty reduction should rely on the internal resources of the community and the active participation of the poor. In addition, the support of professionals such as social workers is also one of the core factors for success in effective and sustainable poverty reduction.
Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Contraceptive Methods at Dinajpur Medical College Hospital
Authors: Parvin Most Morsheda , Al Mannah M F K , Sathi Esrat Jahan
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out on Nurses Knowledge Regarding Contraceptives Methods in Dinajpur Medical college Hospital, Dinajpur. The descriptive co relational design was used to explore the nurse’s knowledge and practice regarding contraceptives methods used in Dinajpur Medical college Hospital, Dinajpur. The study was conducted in thirty-two wards under four selected units, including 1) Gynae ward 2) Labour ward 3) Family planning centre. 50 nurses were selected for this study. The instrument developed by the researcher was divided into three sections, including 1) Demographic Questionnaire 2) Nurses’ knowledge regarding contraceptives methods Questionnaire 3) Nurses’ practice regarding contraceptives methods Questionnaire. The age of the participated nurses was 30-39 years 28%, 40-49 years 66%, 50+ above 4%. Of them, a male nurse was 12% and a female 88%. No unmarried nurse has participated, and 96% were married, and the remaining 4% were a widow. Professional qualification, Diploma in Nursing and Diploma in Midwifery 76%, B. Sc. in public Health 0%, M. Ph / M. Sc. 10%.
The Potential of Cultural Tourism and Use It in the Surkhandarya Region in Practice
Authors:   Lecturer at the Department of  “Tourism and Hotel Industry”, Termez State University, Pulatova Surayyo Yuldashevna
Published: May 2021

The article examines the role of cultural tourism in the socio-economic development of the Surkhandarya region. The main problems of development and formation of the existing tourist destination in the Surkhan oasis are analyzed.
Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Self-Selected Exercise Pace on A Track Versus Treadmill
Authors: Riley Galloway, Ph.D.  , Robert Booker, M.S.  , Hunter Haynes, M.S.  , Megan Holmes, Ph.D.  , Jacob Gdovin, Ph.D.
Published: May 2021

Objective: To investigate differences between a controlled and non-controlled exercise modality when walking and running at self-selected pace. Methods: Male and female participants (N=30, 21.07±0.88 years of age) engaged in four sessions testing V̇O2max, one-mile walk and run on an indoor track, and one-mile walk and run on a laboratory treadmill. With a significance level set at p<0.05, the following results were found. Results: Walking and running heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were significantly higher on the treadmill compared to the track (p<0.05). However, energy expenditure showed no significant difference between exercise modality (p=0.611). Treadmill exercise resulted in higher V̇O2 values for males during both walk and run pace (p=0.041 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Exercise programming is an individualized process which should consider differences among modalities, settings, and affective responses. We observed an increased perceived effort during treadmill exercise while maintaining similar energy expenditure. The provisions of autonomy and individuality may decrease perceived effort while maintaining energy expenditure, thus providing positive affective responses promoting adherence. With these differences between modalities in mind, exercise professionals should consider appropriate adjustments to intensity when targeting specific adaptations. These adjustments may also influence adherence to a prescribed program.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA KARYAWAN PADA CV. LANCAR JAYA DESA KARSA JAYA BELITANG JAYA OKU TIMUR
Authors: Afrina Iin , Sahlan Sahlan , Erwin Ripda , Solikhan Solikhan
Published: May 2021

Permasalahan yang dihadapi CV. Lancar Jaya Desa Karsa Jaya Belitang Jaya OKU Timur adalah bagaimana pengaruh motivasi terhadap semangat kerja karyawan. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah Motivasi berpengaruh kuat terhadap semangat kerja karyawan pada CV. Lancar Jaya Desa Karsa Jaya Belitang Jaya OKU Timur.Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan kuisioner serta studi kepustakaan. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh hasil angka angka r = 0,551. setelah dikonsultasikan dengan standar konservatif ternyata 0,551 terletak antara 0,400 – 0,599 yang termasuk pada korelasi sedang. Kemudian untuk menjawab uji hipotesis yang diajukan pada bab sebelumnya mempunyai hubungan atau tidak, maka di uji dengan uji hipotesa dan didapat to = 1,868 maka apabila dihubungkan dengan t nilai pada tingkat kepercayaan 0,95 yang berarti tingkat kesalahannya 0,05 adalah t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel (1,868 lebih besar 1,860), maka hipotesis yang diajukan adalah menolak hipotesis nol ( Ho ) dan menerima hipotesis alternatif (Ha).
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA KOPERASI KARYA BERSAMA SMK PGRI 2 BELITANG OGAN KOMERING ULU TIMUR
Authors: Mardani Mardani , Kurniawan Deni , Zaidun Zaidun , Khoiriah Siti
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh  komunikasi terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan  pada koperasi Karya Bersama SMK PGRI 2 Belitang  OKU Timur.  kesimpulan yang didapat adalah r = 0,80   yang telah  dikonsultasikan dengan standard yang konservatif maka terletak diantara 0,800- 1,000 yang artinya tergolong pada korelasi atau pengaruh yang sangat kuat antara komunikasi dengan produktivitas kerja karyawan pada koperasi Karya Bersama SMK PGRI 2 Belitang  OKU Timur dan setelah diadakan uji hipotesis diketahui t hitung = 3,77  dan  t tabel diperoleh 1,860 . Adapun saran yang dapat diberikan adalah   pihak koperasi harus memberikan arahan kepada para karyawannya bahwa pentingnya komunikasi untuk  meningkatkan produktivitas kerja. Komunikasi mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat  kuat terhadap  produktivitas kerja karyawan pada  koperasi Karya Bersama SMK PGRI 2 Belitang OKU Timur, dapat dilihat dari hasil  analisa kuantitatif melalui koefisien korelasi diperoleh r = 0,80 setelah dihubungkan dengan standar yang konservatif ternyata r = 0,80 terletak diantara 0,800 – 1,000 termasuk pada korelasi yang  sangat kuat.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI TERHADAP GAIRAH KARJA GURU PADA SMP NEGERI 2 BELITANG OKUTIMUR
Authors: Kurniawan Setia , Susanti Deviana , Malinda Reka , Saputra Wahid Eka
Published: May 2021

Teachers are learning agents who have a very important role in educating the nation to achieve educational goals. As a learning agent, teachers must have a passion for work in carrying out their duties. If they do not have a passion for work, how can they guide their students to achieve the specified minimum learning competencies? Therefore, work passion is a problem that needs to be given a solution through motivation. This study aims to determine whether motivation has an effect on work passion, with the object of research being the teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Belitang OKU Timur. The hypothesis proposed is that "There is a significant influence between motivation on the morale of teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Belitang  OKU Timur". Data collection techniques by means of library research, field, and questionnaires. While the analytical tools used are qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Based on the calculation, it turns out that r = 0.797 after being consulted with a conservative standard, it turns out that 0.797 lies between 0.600 - 0.799 which mean it belongs to a strong correlation or influence. Then to answer the hypothesis proposed in the previous chapter has a relationship or not, then tested by testing the hypothesis and obtained t = 3.6393 and "t" table obtained 1.860. It can be concluded that the "t" count is greater than the "t" table, namely 3.6393> 1.860. Thus the hypothesis can be accepted (Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected). As for the suggestions that can be given to achieve optimal goals from the agency, it is better if a leader gives encouragement or motivation to teachers in the agency environment so that teachers can work in accordance with what is expected by the agency.
Diagnosis of Pregnant Women with Seizures at Tikur Anbessa Hospital
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia, Ejo Kebede Beliyu , Adugna Geleta Meseret ,   Federal Ministry of Health, Pharmaceutical and Medical Supplies Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Published: May 2021

Information is yet scanty concerning current antiepileptic drugs prescribing patterns for women of childbearing age with epilepsy. Most women with epilepsy can give birth to perfectly healthy children after uneventful pregnancies. Best approach to management of epilepsy in pregnancy requires knowledge of the teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs, of the risks with uncontrolled seizures. Understanding the effects of pregnancy on seizure control and of gestational effects on antiepileptic drugs disposition is useful in early clinical diagnosis and patient management systems. We evaluated utilization of antiepileptic drugs among women of childbearing age against pre-set standards in epilepsy clinic of Tikur Anbessa Special and Referral Hospital from May 2017 to May 2018. The mean age of the women were 24.92± 6.54, where majority 217 (56.5%) of them aged between 15-25. Eighty-five (22.1%) of the women diagnosed with epilepsy were found to be pregnant, among them 20(5.2%) were breast-feeding. Generalized tonic clonic seizure (62.8%) was found to be the commonest seizure type diagnosed followed by unidentified or uncategorized seizures (16.7%), focal seizures (11.5%), and complex partial seizures (6.3%). Among the variety of anti-epileptic drug regimen or combinations used to treat epilepsy in 384 mothers, monotherapy 259 (67.4%) was the commonest drug regimen prescribed followed by dual therapy 97 (25.3%), and polytherapy 28 (7.3%). We here concluded that Valproic acid 44(51.8%) followed by phenytoin 36(42.4%) and phenobarbital 17(20%) were commonly given for breast-feeding women at Tikur Anbessa hospital.