bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State of the dentoalveolar system in children from mothers with gestational hypertension
Authors: L. A. Saidova  , N. N. Khabibova
Published: January 2021

Development of diagnostic and practical criteria for arterial hypertension and complications in children from mothers with gestational hypertension against the background of the use of calcium channel inhibitors.

In 2018, new European recommendations on cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy and European recommendations on arterial hypertension were published, which have special sections on hypertension in pregnant women.
Research of the process of whitening cotton oils by developed adsorbents
Authors: Ikromov Oybek Abdurasulovich  , Suvanova Fayoza Usmanovna  , Farmonov Zhasur Boykaraevich
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of studying the properties of adsorbents obtained from rice husk. To increase the sorption capacity, the raw material was subjected to heat treatment under various conditions and at different temperatures, and then was used to bleach cotton oils. The amount of added sorbent was from 1 to 4%. According to the results of laboratory tests, adsorbents that have undergone thermal activation at a temperature of 800°С have the highest porosity and bleaching ability. 800°С.
IMPORTANCE AND DISADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH TEENAGER STUDENTS
Authors: Jabborova Dilafruz Sharofovna  , Turaqulova Dilafruz Qahhorovna
Published: January 2021

The article provides a brief overview of the psychological characteristics of foreign language learners, age-related challenges and shortcomings, and in particular a variety of tools designed to develop students’ cognitive skills.
The issue of equivalence in English and Uzbek proverbs
Authors: Bozorova Viloyat Muzaffarovna  , Maqsudova Mokhigul Usmonovna
Published: January 2021

It is difficult to compare the peoples of Central Asia with the peoples of Europe. They have no nationality, no way of life, no beliefs, no language. In general, it is impossible to compare the peoples of the world who live far away from each other. In particular, the Uzbek people have almost nothing to do with the British people.
Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) oil inclusion on Nutrient Retention and Caeca Microbial Population of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Oluwafemi R.A  , Bamigboye Samson. O  , Olaitan Dayo
Published: January 2021

This study was carried to evaluate the “Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) oil inclusion on nutrient digestibility and caeca microbial population of broiler chickens”. A total of 180 one- day-old (Arbo acre) broiler chicks of mixed sex purchased from a reputable hatchery was used in this study which lasted for eight (8) weeks. The birds were divided into four experimental groups; each group was further subdivided into three replicates of fifteen birds per each in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The garlic (Allum sativum) oil was added to the basal diet at (0.00, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 %) level respectively. The treatment were T1, T2, T3, and T4 with T1 serving as control. Parameters measured covered nutrient retention and caeca microbial population. The results on nutrient digestibility showed a significant difference (P<0.05) among the treatments. Percentage digestibility of crude protein and crude fibre was significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds fed 0.3% of garlic oil.
“SPIRITUALITY” LANGUAGE CATEGORY AND ITS CONTENT
Authors: Akhmedova Mekhrinigor Bakhodirovna
Published: January 2021

The concept of "spirituality" has a special place in the Uzbek linguistic description. The discovery of its conceptual essence is of great methodological importance. The categorical system "Spirituality" has a conceptual atmosphere consisting of 10 elements (morality, conscience, zeal, enlightenment, attitude, self-control, sincerity, intelligence, personal perfection). The article assumes that enlightenment in this conceptosphere is scientifically, conscience is practically the core
Bilingualism, pluralinguism expansion and sociolinguistic analysis in Uzbekistan during the years of independence
Authors: Rafiqjon Zaripov Ergashboy ogli
Published: January 2021

The bilingualism phenomenon has long existed among people living in the territory of Uzbekistan, including Uzbeks, who are able to speak other languages in addition to their native language. Consequently linguistic and extralinguistic influences between the Arabic and Uzbek languages in Central Asia, in VII and VIII centuries it was formed the bilingualism phenomenon in the country. In the XIV-XV centuries, the Persian-Tajik language use in Central Asia expanded and its potential increased. By the XX century, unification of Central Asia to Russian Union, the Russian language influence on the Uzbek language increased. Uzbek-Russian bilingualism formed in Central Asia in parallel with the Uzbek-Arabic and Uzbek-Tajik bilingualism. By this, not only bilingualism, but also pluralinguism had grown significantly among the Uzbek people. Along with linguistic factors, extralinguistic factors also played an important role in Uzbek-Arabic, Uzbek-Tajik and Uzbek-Russian languages development. Within the independence years, the Uzbek language prestige has grown, its scope has expanded. However, some features aforecited languages are preserved in the Uzbek language structure, and these languages units are used in the lexical layer. Our people desire to learn languages is growing, other developed world languages are being studied, and the situation with multilingualism is growing. Similar aspects will be covered throughout the study.
Teaching Programme in Nigerian Higher Institutions: Challenges of Implementation and Way Forward
Authors: Ogunode Niyi Jacob , Ehichoya Edokhamhen
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the challenges militating against effective teaching programme in Nigerian higher institutions. Secondary data were used to support the points raised in the article. The secondary data were sourced from print materials and publications by recognized institutions and individual authors. The article identified inadequate funding of teaching programme, inadequate professional academic staff, poor motivation, inadequate infrastructural facilities, ineffective supervision, unstable academic calendar, brain drain, poor working environment and poor staff development. To address the issues raised, the following suggestions were made: adequate funding of teaching programme, employment of more academic and professional staff, in-service programs for staff development, provision of conducive working environment, provision of adequate infrastructural facilities, and motivation of personnel, effective supervision and implementation of union agreement.
Presenting synonyms in the explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek language
Authors: Mirxanova Gulandom Rustamovna
Published: January 2021

This article deals with the description of synonyms in the explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek language published in different periods, the systematic description of the similarities and differences between the explanations of synonyms in the publications
Evaluación de impacto del sistema de información y vigilancia de la alimentación y nutrición escolar
Authors: Reyes Yshabella , Morales Daniel
Published: January 2021

En el año 2015, el Instituto Nacional de Bienestar Estudiantil (INABIE) creó el Sistema de Información para la Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional del Escolar (SISVANE), bajo el marco del Programa de Alimentación Escolar (PAE) realizando una prueba piloto en la provincia de Monte Plata. A la fecha la implementación del PAE no ha estado acompañada de evaluaciones de impacto que documenten en qué medida la política mejora los niveles nutricionales de los beneficiarios, y cómo estos se relacionan con los niveles de desempeño académico alcanzado por los estudiantes. En este trabajo se usan diferencia de medias, regresiones múltiples y el método de emparejamiento, y se muestra que los estudiantes de 3er y 6to grado de Centros Educativos beneficiados por el SISVANE se desempeñan significativamente mejor en las Evaluaciones Diagnósticas que los estudiantes que están en Centros Educativos no beneficiados por el programa. Si bien esta relación positiva es alentadora, no constituye evidencia robusta en la que se pueda soportar su escalamiento, por lo que se presentan otros aspectos y recomendaciones a tomar en cuenta para futuras evaluaciones del SISVANE, más aún en tiempos post-COVID-19 en los que habrá que focalizar estas intervenciones.
Former and Current Trend in Subsurface Irrigation Systems
Authors: Alrubaye Yasir Lay , Yusuf Badronnisa
Published: January 2021

The main purpose of this review is to find the diversity in research studies of subsurface irrigation systems in the past two decades. Two periods of five years were selected to reflect the research studies at the beginning and the end of the comparing periods range. A statistical sorting was used to investigate the distribution of papers according to objectives, types of irrigation systems, research methods, and limitations of the studies. Results showed that the measurements and evaluations were the most presented objectives of the selected papers for both periods. Furthermore, almost 90 percent of the recent papers used multiple research methods, unlike the papers published in the former period which only 56 percent of them used multiple methods. Also, more than 90 percent of the recent papers used a single irrigation system. In conclusion, knowledge of subsurface irrigation systems had been advanced in the former studies mostly by analyzing the measurements and evaluations of the traditional irrigation systems. Unlike the former period, the advancement in knowledge has been produced in the current period by introducing new subsurface irrigation systems and more concentration by the order of measurements, evaluation, and designing, respectively.
Harmonic Current Distortion Using the Linear Quadratic Regulator for a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System
Authors: Zongo Oscar Andrew , Oonsivilai Anant
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a comparison between a proportional-integral controller, low pass filters, and the linear quadratic regulator in dealing with the task of eliminating harmonic currents in the grid-connected photovoltaic system. A brief review of the existing methods applied to mitigate harmonic currents is presented. The Perturb & Observe technique was employed for maximum power point tracking. The PI control, low pass filters, and the linear quadratic regulator are discussed in detail in terms of their control strategies. The grid current was analyzed in the system with all three of the controllers applied to control the voltage source inverter of the solar photovoltaic system connected to the grid through an L filter and LCL filter and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results obtained have proven the robustness of the linear quadratic regulator over other methods. The technique lowers the grid current total harmonic distortion from 7.85% to 2.13%.
Elastic-Net Regression based on Empirical Mode Decomposition for Multivariate Predictors
Authors: Al-Jawarneh Abdullah Suleiman , Ismail Mohd. Tahir
Published: January 2021

The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is used to decompose the non-stationary and nonlinear signal into a finite set of orthogonal non-overlapping time scale components that include several intrinsic mode function components and one residual component. Elastic net (ELN) regression is a statistical penalized method used to address multicollinearity among predictor variables and identify the necessary variables that have the most effect on the response variable. This study proposed the use of the ELN method based on the EMD algorithm to identify the decomposition components of multivariate predictor variables with the most effect on the response variable under multicollinearity problems. The results of the numerical experiments and real data confirmed that the EMD-ELN method is highly capable of identifying the decomposition components with the presence or absence of multicollinearity among the components. The proposed method also achieved the best estimation and reached the optimal balance between the variance and bias. The EMD-ELN method also improved the accuracy of regression modeling compared with the traditional regression models.
Drying Characteristics of Jackfruit and Snake Fruit using Freeze Dryer
Authors: Karyadi Joko Nugroho Wahyu , Siti Rahma  , Sitindaon Ronal , Primadita Putri Dionisia Gusda , Dwi Ayuni
Published: January 2021

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) and snake fruit [Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss] are tropical fruits that are rich in vitamins and minerals. Due to their specific aroma and unique taste, jackfruit and snake fruit have great potential to be processed into dried fruits and healthy snacks. In this work, jackfruit and snake fruit were freeze-dried using a self-designed laboratory-scale freeze dryer. The freeze dryer was constructed with a stainless-steel plate (3 mm thickness). The drying rates were determined with three different heating temperatures: 50, 60, and 70ºC. This study also investigated the effect of the freeze-drying process on the characteristics of dried fruit such as moisture content, texture, color, ascorbic acid content, and morphological of dried samples. Results showed that the heating temperatures were revealed to affect characteristics such as drying rate, final moisture content, texture, and ascorbic acid content. Increased drying rate and decreased drying time were observed with an increase in the dryer temperature. The sample resulted from 70ºC of heating temperature exhibited the optimum results in terms of hardness and ascorbic content preservation. The first-order kinetic model was the best fit for the prediction of drying kinetics of all materials.
LTE Network Analysis in Frequency Reuse Recycling Techniques
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Sabir , Suleiman Nasri , Noordin Nor Kamariah
Published: January 2021

In recent years, several researchers have embraced fractional frequency (FF) reuse as a strategy for resolving the inter-cell and co-channel interferences of adjacent cells (ICI, CCI) as the number of wireless networks grows. This technique is focused on the cell division of two parts, the inner and the outer, which enables multiple frequency bands to be assigned. The frequency advantages can be completely used in each inner zone, since there is no inter-cell disturbance for consumers in inner regions. According to this effective usage of the frequency spectrum available, FF will reduce the interruption of the channel and improve device efficiency. This manuscript presents a comprehensive study of different mechanisms to select the optimal FF scheme based on the user throughput. The analysis was conducted in order to obtain the optimal internal and external range for the cells as well as the optimal frequency distribution between the areas of the FR, Fractional Frequency Reuse 1 (FFR1) and Fractional Frequency Reuse 2 (FFR2) and evaluating their outputs and their number of users. In detail the overall consumer efficiency through the configured frequency distribution is analyzed. The FFR is a resource allocation technique that can effectively mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) in LTE based HetNets and it is a promising solution. The proposal also employs high number sectors in a cell, low interference and good frequency reuse. The processes are tested by way of multiple modeling simulations.
Flood-Modeling and Risk Map Simulation for Mae Suai Dam-Break, Northern Thailand
Authors: Busaman Anurak , Chuai-Aree Somporn , Musikasuwan Salang , McNeil Rhysa
Published: January 2021

Dam-break floods are a serious disaster. This study aims to simulate and model the Mae Suai dam-break flood using shallow water equations (SWE) with an adaptive tree grid finite volume method, and determine the relationship between the initial water levels in the dam and the simulation results set regarding arrival times and maximum water depths using a polynomial model. We used elevation data obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The method was evaluated using the Xe-Pian dam-break flood simulation. The numerical results of water propagation was in agreement with the satellite image. The SWE and numerical algorithm was then used for the Mae Suai dam-break flood simulation. The numerical solution sets were approximated by a polynomial function of appropriate degree for flood arrival times and maximum water depth. Comparisons showed that the polynomial model results were similar to the SWE results; however, the proposed method was more efficient and can obtain a flood risk map without the need to fully solve the SWE. The method can also be applied for dam-break flood simulations and models in other regions using information from the dam.
Farmers’ Perceptions of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Use in Extension Service Delivery in Northern Region, Ghana
Authors: OBENG Francis K. , GUMAH Salifu , Mintah Stephen
Published: January 2021

Extension methodologies for communicating technologies to farmers have evolved over the past 200 years from so-called traditional methodologies to more advanced and technology-based methodologies that enable extension staff to reach many people within the shortest possible time in a more effective and efficient way. Though traditional methods are still relevant and effective, current trends require the use of more innovative and cost-effective methodologies.  This paper examined the perceptions of farmers on the use of ICTs in Extension Service delivery in the Northern Region of Ghana. Ninety farmers were randomly sampled from 6 communities in 6 districts in the region. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire. A 5-point Likert scale was used to determine farmers’ perceived effects of ICT on extension delivery. Data were analysed using means, standard deviations, t-test, frequencies and percentages. The most widely used ICTs by farmers are radio, mobile phone and television. Farmers perceive the use of mobile phone to have resulted in timely delivery of information, increased interaction among farmers and between farmers and AEAs and effective use of time and energy by AEAs. The use of radio has improved adoption of technologies and enhanced farmers’ awareness of innovations. It is concluded mobile phone, radio and television are used widely in the region and have very positive effects on extension service delivery.
Planting Dates and Nutrition Management Regimes Impact Positively on Bulb Size, Quality and Yield of Rain-fed Onion
Authors: ADDAI Isaac Kwahene , KUGBE Joseph X.
Published: January 2021

Bulb size, appropriate time of planting and sufficient growth nutrients may determine the quality of seeds and productivity of onion. Studies were conducted during the cropping seasons of year 2015 and 2016 to assess the effects of planting date and nutrients management regimes on bulb size, quality and yield of rain-fed onion using seeds of variety Prema as planting material. Three levels of transplanting dates namely early transplanting (N1)), transplanting of seedlings two weeks after early transplanting (N2), and transplanting of seedlings four weeks after early transplanting (N3) were factorially combined with the following six fertilizer application regimes: F1 (no fertilizer application), F2 (application of 375 kg/ha of NPK 23:10:10), F3 (application of 10 t/ha fertisoil compost), F4 (application of 187.5 kg/ha of NPK 23:10:10 plus 5 t/ha of fertisoil compost), F5 (application of 125 kg/ha of NPK 23:10:10  plus 6.6 t/ha of fertisoil compost) and F6 (application of 250 kg/ha of NPK 23:10:10 plus 3.3 t/ha of fertisoil compost). Seedlings from the above treatment combinations were planted using RCBD in three onion growing communities in the Northern Region of Ghana. At harvest, bulbs were sorted into three groups (large, medium and small bulbs). Results from the studies indicated that in each group of bulb size, N1 x F4 plants produced the highest bulb fresh weight and bulb diameter. Plants from these regimes also produced the highest bulb quality and bulb yield. Farmers should nurse onion seeds early, latest by first week of June in the rainy season, so as to transplant seedlings by first week of July and apply 187.5 kg/ha of 23:10:10 NPK plus 5 t/ha fertisoil compost for improved bulb sizes in the study area.
Profit Efficiency of Smallholder Soybean Farmers in Tolon District of Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: AMESIMEKU Jennifer , ANANG Benjamin  Tetteh
Published: January 2021

coming...
Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.); its causes and management
Authors: KANKAM Frederick , LARBI-KORANTENG Stephen , SOWLEY Elias Nortaa Kunedeb
Published: January 2021

Coming ...
TASARIMCI MOHAMED SAMİR’İN TİPOGRAFİK AFİŞLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ARTAN Hidayet İrmak
Published: January 2021

Çağdaş tipografik afiş tasarımlarında tipografinin özgün kullanımı oldukça sık görülmeye başlanmıştır. Buna son örneklerden biri Mohamed Samir’in tasarımlarındaki Arap harflerinin kullanımıdır. Afiş tasarımı denince akla ilk gelen illüstrasyon ve yazının oluşturduğu bir kompozisyondur. Ancak günümüzde bu durum farklı bir noktaya gelmiştir. Çağdaş afiş tasarımlarına bakıldığında tipografinin tasarımın bir parçası olarak kullanılmasından çok, tasarımın kendisi olarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Fakat bu afişlerin geneli Latin harfleriyle oluşturulmaktadır. Samir’in tasarımlarında Arap harflerini kullanması farklı bir yeniliktir. Bu yeniliğin ise özellikle Batı ve Avrupa’da bilinirliğinin az olması bir problem olarak görülmektedir. Bu makalede, Samir’in tasarımlarının tıpkı Latin tipografik afiş tasarımları gibi etkileyici ve dikkat çekici olabileceğini göstermek amaçlanmıştır. Makale yazım süresince elektronik ve basılı kaynaklar gözden geçirilecek ve önemli noktalara değinilecektir. Sanatçının bazı çalışmaları incelenecek ve değerlendirilecek, çağdaş afiş tasarımına etkisi tartışılacaktır. Sonuç olarak, tipografik afiş tasarımlarının Latin Harfleri ile sınırlı olmadığı gösterilecektir. Latin harfleri dışındaki bir alfabenin kullanımı ile de yaratıcı ve belki de daha etkileyici tipografik afiş tasarımları yapılabileceği ortaya konmuş olacaktır.
Cáncer de mama: estudio desde la práctica del cuidado de enfermería. Machala 2015
Authors: Santos Jovany Angleina
Published: January 2021

Se realizó una investigación que tuvo como objetivo; Determinar la atención de enfermería en el manejo pacientes con cáncer de mama en el hospital oncológico SOLCA Machala, mediante la aplicación de encuestas y guías de observación para el diseño de una propuesta de atención. Se utilizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional de cohorte transversal tomando los datos de las historias clínicas de 238 pacientes, dentro de las variables estudiadas estuvieron la aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería, las características de las mujeres y propias del cáncer, entre los resultados más relevantes se encontraron que; en un 98% no cumple el personal de enfermería con su atención fundamentada en el Proceso de atención de enfermería, dentro del 2% de problemas resueltos con proceso de atención enfermero están la flebitis, fiebre, astenia, radio dermitis leve, situaciones  secundarias a la terapia inherente, las mujeres que presentaron cáncer fueron aquellas mayores de 40 años, con una utilización de más de 5 años métodos anticonceptivos, teniendo su primer parto después de los 22 años, que empezaron una menarquia a los 12 años, el tipo de cáncer en un 47,5% es el ductual, 52,2% estadio III, el 53,8% sometidas a quimioterapia, el 24,4% metástasis. Se concluye el personal de enfermería no cumple con un protocolo de asistencia estandarizado, sus actividades no son planificadas, se recomienda que el personal de enfermería se empodere de sus labores profesionales mediante la gestión del cuidado.
Diseño de un dispositivo sensor de irradiancia para lámparas de fototerapia
Authors: Gornati Joel , Fernández Fernando , Salerno Juan , Marino Edgardo , Piacentini Rubén , Salum Graciela
Published: January 2021

La ictericia neonatal requiere de un tratamiento eficaz, debido a las graves consecuencias que tiene dicha patología (desde problemas neurológicos hasta la muerte del neonato). La administración de radiación azul al recién nacido es una de las terapias utilizadas en Argentina, pero no posee un control de la irradiancia de las lámparas ni tampoco existe un criterio científicamente comprobado respecto del tiempo de vida de la lámpara. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer el diseño de un dispositivo de sensado continuo de las lámparas utilizadas para ictericia que garantice una emisión suficiente para la patología. La metodología considera el uso de un sensor de irradiancia en el rango visible y de un microcontrolador. Además, se presenta un kit de experimentación donde se simula la situación real de la luminoterapia en la sala de Neonatología. Se concluye en que se ha logrado desarrollar un dispositivo económico y capaz de sensar con la eficiencia suficiente la emisión de las lámparas, reemplazando equipos mucho más costosos.
Nível da divulgação das informações não financeiras das empresas brasileiras participantes do projeto piloto de relato integrado
Authors: Teixeira Aline Christina , Rech Ilirio José , Zanolla Ercílio , Couto Marcia Helena de Andrade
Published: January 2021

O Relato Integrado é uma das formas usadas para a divulgação de informações financeiras e não financeiras aos stakeholders. Este estudo teve por objetivo averiguar o nível de divulgação das informações não financeiras nas empresas participantes do Projeto Piloto do International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). Usando a técnica de análise de conteúdo, a partir dos KPIs apresentados na Estrutura Internacional do Relato Integrado foram analisados os dados de nove empresas no período de 2013 a 2017. Os resultados sugerem que o índice de divulgação das informações não financeiras, considerando o conjunto dos quatro capitais, foi classificado como insatisfatório. Na análise individual, o capital natural e o capital social e de relacionamento apresentaram IDs satisfatórios. Já o capital intelectual apresentou índice de divulgação classificado como insatisfatório. Quanto ao capital humano, este apresentou a média do ID no limiar da divisão entre satisfatório e não satisfatório, mas acima da média de divulgação dos quatro capitais. O presente estudo contribui para a análise da do índice de divulgação dos Relatos Integrados divulgados no Brasil, principalmente relacionados ao nível de divulgação das informações não financeiras divulgadas nos relatórios, bem como de sua evolução na fase do projeto piloto de implantação da estrutura internacional de relato integrado. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam a falta de comparabilidade e uniformidade das informações divulgadas, tanto entre os períodos da mesma empresa, como quando comparado com as demais empresas, demonstrando necessidade de melhorar a qualidade do conteúdo e o disclosure de informações não financeiras divulgadas pelas empresas.
As alterações dos modelos de Gestão Estatal e uma proposta de Conceituação de Governança da Administração Pública
Authors: Bertoncini Mateus , Presente Vinícius Rafael
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar em que medida as transformações nas formas de gestão estatal, bem como a crise do modelo de Estado moderno contribuíram para o surgimento de uma noção de governança da Administração Pública. Para tanto, utilizando-se do método indutivo e de pesquisa bibliográfica, será elaborado um retrospecto dos modos de gestão estatal, a fim de propor uma conceituação de governança da Administração Pública.
China And The New Maoists
Authors: Brown Kerry , van Nieuwenhuizen Simone
Published: January 2021

Forty years after his death, Mao remains a totemic, if divisive, figure in contemporary China. Though he retains an immense symbolic importance within China’s national mythology, the rise of a capitalist economy has seen the ruling class become increasingly ambivalent towards him. And while he continues to be a highly visible and contentious presence in Chinese public life, Mao's enduring influence has been little understood in the West.

In China and the New Maoists, Kerry Brown and Simone van Nieuwenhuizen look at the increasingly vocal elements who claim to be the true ideological heirs to Mao, ranging from academics to cyberactivists, as well as at the state's efforts to draw on Mao’s image as a source of legitimacy. This is a fascinating portrait of a country undergoing dramatic upheavals while still struggling to come to terms with its past.
Disarming Conflict
Authors: Regehr Ernie
Published: January 2021

Wars fought over the past quarter century have been a spectacular failure. The overwhelming majority end in military stalemate and are settled at the negotiating table, with the grievances that led to the war still unresolved. In Disarming Conflict famed peace activist Ernie Regehr shows that force cannot simply override or transcend the social, political, and economic realities of conflict.

War prevention, Regehr argues, is more successful when security policies address the conditions that most directly affect people’s lives and that are most instrumental in generating deep grievances and the despairing conclusion that there are no alternatives to the violence. Disarming Conflict sets out approaches, initiatives, and policies that steer away from the futility of fighting and promote non-military efforts towards “winning the peace.”
Land and Freedom
Authors: Vergara-Camus Leandro
Published: January 2021

The Zapatistas of Chiapas and the Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST) of Brazil are often celebrated as shining examples in the global struggle against neoliberalism. But what have these movements achieved for their members in more than two decades of resistance and can any of these achievements realistically contribute to the rise of a viable alternative?

Through a perfect balance of grassroots testimonies, participative observation and consideration of key debates in development studies, agrarian political economy, historical sociology and critical political economy, Land and Freedom compares, for the first time, the Zapatista and MST movements.

Casting a spotlight on their resistance to globalizing market forces, Vergara-Camus gets to the heart of how these movements organize themselves and how territorial control, politicization and empowerment of their membership and the decommodification of social relations are key to understanding their radical development potential.
No Refuge: The Crisis of Refugee Militarization in Africa
Authors: Muggah Robert
Published: January 2021

Robert Muggah ‘Africa's refugee and IDP camps are a cause of major concern to the international community. Millions of men, women and children endure situations of protracted displacement in deplorable conditions. In the absence of more durable solutions, refugees and IDPs in many situations are exceptionally susceptible to militarization. No Refuge describes how the phenomenon of refugee militarization threatens to undermine asylum and protection. This edited volume is a timely and invaluable resource for governments, UNHCR protection officers, UN agencies, and NGOs. It is a must-read for all concerned with improving the safety and rights of refugees and IDPs on the ground.’ Antonio Guterres, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ‘No Refuge provides a timely analysis by a group of Africa experts of the causes and consequences of refugee militarization in Africa. It should prove invaluable for practitioners, policy-makers and academics in their quest to find practical and effective remedies for this growing humanitarian and security problem. I highly recommend it.’ Professor Gil Loescher, Centre for International Studies, University of Oxford The militarization of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) is a persistent and tragic feature of protracted displacement situations, especially in Africa. The phenomenon threatens access to asylum and protection-core pillars of refugee law and the mandates of aid agencies. But while policy debates rage over how best to disarm refugees and prevent them from destabilizing neighbouring states, there is surprisingly little evidence explaining why displaced people arm themselves or precisely how militarization affects hosting communities. No Refuge analyses the experience of refugee and IDP militarization in several African countries affected by and emerging from civil war, including Guinea, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania. It provides a considered overview of the historical, political and regional dimensions of refugee and IDP militarization in Africa, as well as international and national efforts to contain it.
South Africa’s Insurgent Citizens
Authors: Brown Julian
Published: January 2021

Twenty years on from South Africa’s first democratic election, the post-apartheid political order is more fractured, and more fractious, than ever before. Police violence seems the order of the day — whether in response to a protest in Ficksburg or a public meeting outside a mine in Marikana. For many, this has signalled the end of the South African dream. Politics, they declare, is the preserve of the corrupt, the self-interested, the incompetent and the violent. They are wrong.

Julian Brown argues that a new kind of politics can be seen on the streets and in the courtrooms of the country. This politics is made by a new kind of citizen — one that is neither respectful nor passive, but instead insurgent. The collapse of the dream of a consensus politics is not a cause for despair. South Africa's political order is fractured, and in its cracks new forms of activity, new leaders and new movements are emerging.
Today We Drop Bombs, Tomorrow We Build Bridges
Authors: Gill Peter
Published: January 2021

An indispensible inquiry into our moral health and humanity.'

LSE Review of Books

The war on terror has politicised foreign aid as never before. Aid workers are being killed at an alarming rate and civilians in war-torn countries abandoned to their fate.

From the ravaged streets of Mogadishu to the unending struggle in Helmand, Peter Gill travels to some of the most conflict-stricken places on earth to reveal the true relationship between the aid business and Western security. While some agencies have clung to their neutrality against ever stiffer odds, others have compromised their impartiality to secure the flow of official funds.

In a world where the advance of Islamic State constitutes the gravest affront to humanitarian practice and principle the aid community has faced in decades, Gill poses the crucial question – can Western nations fight in a country and aid it at the same time?
Uzbekistan and the United States
Authors: Akbarzadeh Shahram
Published: January 2021

Uzbekistan, the most strategically situated Central Asian country, has exhibited the most appalling record on human rights and democratic reforms. Yet, post-September 11, a transformation in US policy has suddenly taken place: US troops are now stationed there; Washington has put the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan on its list of terrorist organizations; and the Bush administration has promised to triple aid to President Karimov’s highly authoritarian regime.

This unique study explores the central question from a longer-term Uzbek point of view: to what extent are closer ties between Washington and Tashkent contributing to political reforms inside Uzbekistan? Dr Akbarzadeh describes political events since independence, including the emergence of a radical Islamic opposition. He analyses how September 11 has catalysed a transformation in Washington’s attitude as it perceived a common Islamic enemy, and he examines the possible beginnings of a retreat from Soviet-style politics.
Promoting Democracy through the Work of the EU Ombudsman
Authors: Friedery Reka
Published: January 2021

The EU is in an economic, social and political crisis, and there are vital expectations to enhance and restore trust, openness and transparency. The EU bodies which bring the EU and its citizens closer to each other gain even more importance. This paper will demonstrate that alternative dispute-resolution forums, like the office of the EU Ombudsman, have a multidirectional function. It was established to strengthen the fundamental rights of citizens and to enhance a more citizen- -friendly EU administration. The analysis highlights the forum’s importance in changing horizontal relations between different stakeholders into vertical during its procedure, for instance between EU institutions and EU citizens. The presentation of research explores these relations by analysing complaint cases and the EU Ombudsman-related cases of the CJEU. The paper argues that the right to complain to the EU Ombudsman, who is a direct link between EU institutions and EU citizens, and the potential of changing the above-mentioned functions, can strengthen the trust of Member States’ citizens and help them identify as European citizens. The cornerstone of this argument are the relations between the EU citizens, institutions and the Ombudsman.
The Need for Dialogue between the European Union and the Arab League
Authors: Modrzejewska-Leśniewska Joanna
Published: January 2021

In recent years the relations between the Arab League and the European Union have not been particularly close. It resulted from both the limited activity of the League, as well as other directions of foreign policy implemented by the EU. Changes that have taken place in the international balance of power (e.a. the Arab’s Spring, increased Chinese interest in Arab states) should be factors prompting the European Union to undertake a more intensive dialogue with the Arab League. Both the EU and the Arab League have many common interests, and the refugee problem seems to be one of the most important. From the EU’s point of view, refugees are a serious social, economic and political problem as well as an obstacle to sustainable development for the member states of the Arab League.
Examining Causal Relationships of Tangible and Intangible Drivers Influencing Performance Assessment and Impacting Job Satisfaction Curve of Healthcare Professionals. A Study Done at Rashid Hospital, a Government Healthcare Facility in the U.A.E
Authors: Mir Dr. Hareem Nasir
Published: January 2021

Over the years, many studies have been conducted to comprehend the value of job fulfilment and the impact it has on the employee’s job performance. To be able to grasp this concept in the healthcare sector which is remarkably hectic, demanding and time sensitive, the performance of healthcare professionals is key. The cause being that job performance from healthcare professionals are correlated to facets such as efficiency, experience, management and quality which are all interlinked with the safety and well-being of the patients. Hence, the main goal of this research is to recognize the tangible and intangible drivers of job satisfaction and the impact it has on the healthcare professional’s performance. This study was carried out with a deductive approach with methods of both qualitative and quantitative which aided in finding out the literature gap currently present in the healthcare sector. As this study was conducted during the pandemic, the researcher was able to attain 68% of responses out of the 100%. However, with the pandemic, the researcher was able to unravel new variables of job satisfaction amongst healthcare professionals. Multiple theories and models of job satisfaction and job performance were tested to see which one applies to the Rashid hospital, Dubai, UAE. By figuring out the challenges faced by the healthcare professional with and without the pandemic allows the researcher and management team to build improvement plans.With multiple pie charts, bar charts and a 5-point Likert Scale Analysis Method, ranking and prioritizing the tangible and intangible drivers of job satisfaction amongsthealthcare professionalshelped to understand the level of impact their current employment has to their performance. With demonstration of summary output, regression analysis, residual output, R square and adjusted R square represents a pure study and validation of results. With the P value being <0.05 proves that this study is significantly strong.By adding theoretical debates on whether job satisfaction impacts job performance, this study concludes that this is a multifaceted concept and with the appropriate variables and methods, enhancing the performance will be at an advantage. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare management team provides support in all aspects of the variables to improve the healthcare professional’s performance and ultimately increase the well-being of the patients.
Understanding values-based food labeling as rural development strategy in Colombia. Comparative analysis: Fair trade, geographical indications and organic labels in the coffee region and the Buenaventura rural area (Phase 1)
Authors: Quiñones Ruiz Xiomara Fernanda , Penker Marianne
Published: January 2021

Poverty in many rural areas of developing countries is not a new story. Rural farmers face many financial and market barriers. Furthermore, conventional farming practices are afflicted by free market pressure to produce more food for less income, resulting in destruction of the environment and neglecting human and animal welfare. Value based labeling offers alternatives to conventional food markets as they provide ethical principles to counter unsustainable trends within the capitalism system as stated by Elizabeth Barham. Hence, a planned study is aimed at evaluating selected labels such as fair trade, geographical indication/denomination of origin and organic certification in the context of the Buenaventura rural area, taking into account the lessons learned and experiences from the coffee region. Thus the labels will be explained as well as the objectives and methodology of the doctoral thesis. Finally, the findings and conclusions of the initial exploratory research draw useful insights of the current situation.
Evaluación de la efectividad de una composición etnofarmacológica dirigida a la cura y/o alivio de la gastritis
Authors: Rentería Jiménez Carlos Ariel , García Martínez Manuel Arcindo
Published: January 2021

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad antigástrica de una composición etnofarmacológica preparada a partir de cuatro especies de plantas medicinales: caléndula (Calendula oficinales), llantén (Plantago major), botoncillo (Spilanthes americana) y micay (Axonopus micay), para lo que se administraron dosis diarias de esta composición a pacientes declarados portadores de gastritis por parte de un médico facultativo, haciéndoles seguimiento mediante expediente clínico, a fin de sistematizar y documentar el procedimiento médico tradicional, en términos de sus componentes, eficacia y dosificación. Se observó que la composición etnofarmacéutica alivia la gastritis, la efectividad que se obtuvo fue bastante significativa en relación con el tratamiento y las personas mostraron porcentajes de recuperación y mejoría sintomática, lo que se evidencia principalmente en los diferentes testimonios de los pacientes sometidos al tratamiento. Los análisis fitoquímicos realizados a la composición etnofarmacológica, mostraron resultados de presunción positiva para la presencia de compuestos fenólicos, cumarinas y leucoantocianidinas, compuestos de reconocida acción antigástrica.
Nuevos registros y redescubrimiento de dos especies de Blakea (Melastomataceae) en Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Valoyes Cardozo Zulmary , Morales-Puentes María Eugenia
Published: January 2021

Se amplía la lista de especies de Melastomataceae del departamento del Chocó, con ocho taxones del género Blakea (Melastomataceae) (B. andreana, B. cuatrecasii, B. megaphylla, B. pilosa, B. stipulacea y B. vallensis), así como el redescubrimiento de B. paleacea y B. platypoda; se dan a conocer detalles de las características de flores, frutos y semillas de dichos taxones. Se presentan las descripciones ampliadas de las especies, así como datos sobre distribución, clave taxonómica, fotografías, información del hábitat y fenología.
Training Improvement through Subjective Work Analysis: The Example of Radial Puncture
Authors: Fauquet-Alekhine Philippe , Bouhours Guillaume , Texier Justin , Loret Amaury , Lahlou Saadi , Granry Jean-Claude
Published: January 2021

The aim was to test a method developed in nuclear industry applied to a simple activity, the radial artery puncture, and to assess its capacity to improve performance. The method involved digital ethnography based on the Square of PErceived ACtion model applied in real operating situation and first-person perspective video for post-analysis of the activity in order to improve training design. Two types of training sessions were compared in terms of trainees’ performance, one of them taking benefits of the digital ethnography analysis (restructured session) and the other without (classic session): medical students trained in the anesthesiology department of the university (N=24) were summoned for training in the framework of their university curriculum. Data obtained were used to restructure the training session and to elaborate an evaluation grid to assess performance in both sessions. Trainees’ motivation was assessed through the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. The restructured session showed significantly higher overall performance (increased by 13%), improvement of every criterion assessed and no alteration of motivation. The improvement obtained for radial puncture matches this observed in nuclear industry. The improvement is two folds: at the level of the training efficiency and at the level of trainees’ performance.
Characteristics of matrix metalloproteinases and their role in embryogenesis of the mammalian respiratory system
Authors: Wątroba Sławomir , Wiśniowski Tomasz , Bryda Jarosław , Kurzepa Jacek
Published: January 2021

The human respiratory system appears as an outgrowth from the ventral wall of the primary foregut and its development includes a series of subsequent processes, dependent on the interactions between endothelial cells, respiratory epithelium and extracellular matrix (ECM). These interactions determine the acquisition of normal structural and functional features of the newly created tissues. The essential role in the morphogenesis of the respiratory system is performed by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs are endopeptidases containing zinc ion in their active center, necessary for the processes of hydrolysis of peptide bonds of substrates. The production of MMPs takes place in most connective tissue cells, leukocytes, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells as well as in neurons, glial cells and in tumor cells. Like other proteolytic enzymes, MMPs are produced and secreted in the form of inactive pro-enzymes, and their activation occurs in the extracellular space. MMPs perform both physiological and pathological functions during tissue modeling and their role in embryogenesis is based on the regulation of angiogenesis processes, stroma formation and cells migration. This article aims to characterize, discuss and demonstrate the activity and the role of MMPs in the subsequent stages of respiratory development.
Developing and Evaluating Novel Treatments for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Within Swedish Health Care
Authors: Bjureberg Johan
Published: January 2021

Selvskading er hyppig forekommende og har ofte mange uheldige konsekvenser. Tidlig intervensjon er et viktig selvmordsforebyggende tiltak. Eksisterende behandlingsalternativer er som regel omfattende og tidkrevende og er ikke alltid lett tilgjengelige for dem som har behov for behandling. Emosjonsreguleringsterapi i gruppe (ERGT) og som individualterapi (ERITA) er utviklet for å imøtekomme behovet for effektiv kortvarig og fokusert behandling somer enkel å implementer for voksne og ungdom med selvskadende atferd. Et svensk forskningsprogram bestående av fem psykologiske behandlingsstudier har blitt lansert, blant dem utviklingen av en online versjon av ERITA. Resultater fra de tre første studiene gir lovende informasjon om gjennomførbarhet, akseptabilitet og nytteverdi av ERGT og ERITA. Den fjerde og femte studien vil bruke randomisert kontrollerte design for å undersøke behandlingseffekten av online ERITA. I denne artikkelen gjennomgås og diskuteres metodiske betraktninger, resultater, erfaringer med disse behandlingsprogrammene og implikasjoner for fremtidig forskning.