bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRINSIP KEADILAN DALAM PEMBAGIAN WARIS DAN WASIAT PADA MASYARAKAT MUSLIM YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Syibly M. Roem , Tono Sidik
Published: May 2024

Abstrak
Peneliti tertarik untuk menganalisa bentuk dan model waris dan wasiat pada masyarakat muslim Jawa yang berprinsip keadilan. Urgensi dari hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah; adanya tawaran reinterpretasi terhadap perluasan sasaran hukum waris dan wasiat Islam, dan  memberikan gambaran tentang model pembagian waris dan wasiat Islam yang berprinsip keadilan yang bermuatan lokal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah Sleman, Yogyakarta. Sumber datanya adalah seluruh Kaur Kesra  Desa di wilayah penelitian dan teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah Purposive random sampling. Analisis dengan cara non-statistik yaitu secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode “reflektive thinking” dengan pola deduksi-induksi dan tata pikir devergen yaitu tata pikir kreatif inovatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam masyarakat manapun agama yang dianut cenderung berpengaruh dalam berbagi aspek kehidupannya sehingga wajar jika hukum Islam sulit dinafikan eksistensinya dikalangan masyarakat Jawa. Oleh karena itu, bagi suku Jawa berjalannya pluralisme hukum antara hukum Islam dan adat sulit dihindari, bahkan pluralisme ini sudah merupakan hal yang diyakini secara umum. Masyarakat yang saat ini menganut agama Islam sudah terbiasa diatur dengan norma hukum adat, sehingga hukum waris Islam dan adat terkadang tidak terhindarkan. Dalam sistem pembagian harta peninggalan, masyarakat muslim Jawa tidak seluruhnya menggunakan sistem pembagian waris dan wasiat Islam, tetapi lebih cenderung dengan sistem adat Jawa, walaupun ada sebagian sistem Islam yang dipergunakan.
Abstract
This study aims to explain the concept and the method of estate and testament division amongst Javanese Muslim that is based on the principle of justice. This study is hopped to offer reinterpretation of Isamic law of inheritance and give an overview of the distribution of inheritance  and tastement in Selaman, Yogyakarta. The data were collected through observation and interview all the head of welfare affairs in all areas of research. It also used purposive randaom sampling. Analysis is conducted by nonstatistical qualitatively using “reflective thinking”with the pattern of induction and deduction-governance for innovative creative thinking. This study found that in any society the religious affiliation tends to affect the share aspetcs of their life so the influence of Islamic law in inevitable the people of Java. Therefore, for egal pluralism Javanese passage between Islamic law and custom are difficult to avoid, even pluralism is accepted. People that are now converted to Islam have become accustomed to e governed by customary law norms, so that Islamic law and customs are sometimes unavoidable. In the system of the distribution of inheritance, the customary system of Java applies although some Islamic system is also used.
Visionary figures in the field of electrochemistry who revolutionized voltammetry
Authors: Gulaboski Rubin
Published: May 2024

Understanding energetics and electron behavior has been pivotal in elucidating numerous fundamental phenomena, including electricity, corrosion, respiration, energy generation in biological systems, intermolecular interactions within living organisms, organic synthesis, drug development, enzyme functions, and the design of biosensors, among others. As 2024 records the centennial anniversary of the completion of the first polarograph by Nobel laureate Jaroslav Heyrovský (awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1959), it presents an opportune moment to pay tribute to several eminent electrochemists who have made significant contributions to the field of voltammetric techniques. Following our recent acknowledgment of the outstanding women who have made substantial contributions to voltammetry in a prior publication, this article aims to briefly highlight the major achievements of several distinguished male figures in the field (Jaroslav Heyrovský, Allen J. Bard, Christian Amatore, Richard Compton, Jean-Michel Savéant, Fraser Armstrong, Fritz Scholz, Joseph Wang, Milivoj Lovrić, Valentin Mirčeski, Alan M. Bond). Given that many of these remarkable personalities have contributed both as authors and referees for the Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, this tribute serves as a fitting acknowledgment of their remarkable accomplishments on the occasion of the journal's 50th anniversary.
Re-Emergence of Ampicillin Sensitive Salmonella Typhi and the Increase of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Typhoid Fever Treatment in Asia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tanjaya Felicity , Nathan Johan , Nainggolan Ita Margaretha , Moehario Lucky , Thantry Anita Devi Krishnan , Tunru Andi Miyanza Lakipadada , Sean Sherlyn
Published: May 2024

Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella Typhi infection. In 2000, 2.16 million people were affected worldwide, with more than 90% morbidity and mortality in Asia. Ampicillin is the first-line antibiotic used for typhoid management. However, the rise in resistance to first-line antibiotics has shifted ciprofloxacin as an alternative.  This study aimed to describe the trends in ciprofloxacin- and ampicillin-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Asia. This study was a systematic review that conformed to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Search was indicated toward studies on Salmonella Typhi susceptibility toward ciprofloxacin and ampicillin were identified using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. Of the 1542 studies found, only 16 fulfilled the criteria. In 1996, Salmonella Typhi was not found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 3.5% was resistant to ampicillin. In 2005, ciprofloxacin resistance increased to 19.3%, whereas ampicillin resistance decreased to 13.3%. In 2005-2014, a larger number of Salmonella Typhi isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin than to ampicillin. Furthermore, during 2016-2019, resistance to ciprofloxacin increased from 8.1% to 95%, while ampicillin resistance increased from 27.5% to 85.2%. This the high ampicillin resistance in South and East Asia. In Asia, there was an increase in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella typhi from 1996 to 2019, whereas ampicillin-resistant Salmonella Typhi decreased from 1996 to 2015.  Between 2016 and 2019, contrasting evidence was found in East Asia and South Asia, where resistance toward ampicillin increased.
Značaj i uloga znanosti i tehnologije u razvoju sposobnosti Oružanih snaga RH
Authors: Zečević Marko , Paljević Marijan , Kozina Andrija
Published: May 2024

Znanost u Republici Hrvatskoj nije adekvatno zastupljena u izgradnji obram‎benih sposobnosti. Na državnoj razini ne postoje etablirane znanstvene insti‎tucije specijalizirane za područje obrane i sigurnosti, osim u segmentu ko‎ji obuhvaćaju društvene znanosti. Oružane snage RH u svom sastavu imaju ‎tek inicijalne organizacijske i personalne preduvjete za sustavno uključivanje ‎znanosti u izgradnju i modernizaciju vojnih te obrambenih sposobnosti. Tak‎vo je stanje velikim dijelom rezultat negativnog povijesnog naslijeđa nepo‎stojećeg ili limitiranog državnopravnog okvira koji nije bio u prilici razviti ‎obranu i sigurnost kao državnu funkciju. Nedostatak je moguće nadoknaditi ‎osloncem na najbolja međunarodna iskustva NATO-a i EU-a te uspostavom ‎funkcionalnog nacionalnog modela trostruke spirale (triple helix) radi dosti‎zanja potrebnih obrambenih sposobnosti suradnjom Vlade, akademske zajed‎nice i industrije. U području modernizacije Oružanih snaga RH aktivnosti bi ‎trebalo koncentrirati na objektivno predviđanje budućeg strateškog konteksta ‎te na osiguravanje tome primjerenih borbenih sustava i opreme.‎
Evaluating Performance of the US Surveillance Systems for Monitoring Antimicrobial-Resistant Gonorrhea: An Agent-Based Modelling Study
Authors: Prakhova Sofya
Published: May 2024

We evaluated performance of two American surveillance systems for monitoring the spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) gonorrhea: the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) and the enhanced Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (eGISP) which includes the non-urethral isolates in addition to the urethral ones utilized in the original surveillance system. A continuous-time agent-based model of gonorrhea transmission among the US men who have sex with men (MSM) population was developed and used for this purpose. The model accounts for susceptible and resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae, symptomatic and asymptomatic infection and different transmission routes. Overall, eGISP system outperforms the original GISP system and allows to obtain a higher accuracy using a significantly lower number of isolates. Most of time, the original surveillance system determines the moment of switch to a new antibiotic later than necessary which leads to additional gonorrhea cases and spread of the resistance. Informing the gonorrhea treatment guidelines by eGISP estimates instead of the currently used GISP estimates would result in reduction of 622 (95% uncertainty interval: -4,009, 9,099) gonorrhea cases in the simulated cohort of 10,000 US MSM over a 25-year period without reduction in the lifespan of the current first-line antibiotic.
Historiography and Death Toll of World War I and World War II Famines in Iran
Authors: MAJD MOHAMMAD GHOLI
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The remarks by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution on the toll of the famines that afflicted occupied Iran in World War I and World War II indicate a desire to incorporate these calamities in Iran’s national narrative and collective memory. His criticism of famine historiography and stated toll numbers, and the unfolding catastrophic famine in Gaza, justify and necessitate a fresh look at each famine’s historiography and toll. This article re-estimates the toll of each famine by including many overlooked and neglected primary sources and in ways not previously done. It builds a trajectory of Iran’s demographic development from 1810 to 1944, and derives the toll of each famine. The World War II famine and typhus epidemics had claimed 5.5 million. World War I famine was also more deadly, though the 1869-73 famine was not far behind. At least 15.5 million Iranians died in the two world wars, a fact nowhere reflected in the history of the conflicts. Iran’s 1944 population of 12 million was unchanged from that of 1850 and a century of population growth obliterated
Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 and Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Dominant Viral Players in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex among Serbian Cattle
Authors: Milićević Vesna , Šolaja Sofija , Glišić Dimitrije , Ninković Milan , Milovanović Bojan , Đorđević Milan , Ristevski Snežana , Spasojević Filip , Dačić Miroljub
Published: May 2024

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex, a complex respiratory ailment in cattle, results from a combination of viral and bacterial factors, compounded by environmental stressors such as overcrowding, transportation, and adverse weather conditions. Its impact extends beyond mere health concerns, posing significant economic threats to the cattle industry. This study presents an extensive investigation into viral pathogens associated with BRDC in Serbian cattle, utilizing serum samples and nasal swabs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 across 65 randomly selected dairy farms in Serbia, excluding vaccinated farms. Farms were categorized by livestock count: small (≤50 animals), medium-sized (51-200 animals), and large (>200 animals). Serum samples from adult cattle older than 24 months were tested for antibodies against BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV, and BPIV3. Nasal swab samples from animals with respiratory signs were tested using PCR for viral genome detection. Results showed seropositivity for all four viruses across all farms, with BPIV3 exhibiting universal seropositivity. Medium-sized and large farms demonstrated higher seropositivity for BRSV and BHV-1 compared to small farms (p<.05). True seroprevalence estimates at the animal level were 84.29% for BRSV, 54.08% for BVDV, 90.61% for BHV-1, and 84.59% for BPIV3. PCR analysis of nasal swabs revealed positive detections for BRSV (20%), BHV-1 (1.7%), BVDV (8%), and BPIV3 (10.9%). Influenza D virus was not found in any of samples. This study provides critical insights into the prevalence and circulation of viral pathogens associated with BRDC in Serbian cattle, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and control measures to mitigate the impact of respiratory diseases in cattle populations.
Trends and Environmental Drivers of Marine Fish Landings in Cuba’s Most Productive Shelf Area
Authors: Olivera-Espinosa Yunier , Rodríguez-Cueto Yandy , Pina-Amargós Fabián , Arreguín-Sánchez Francisco , Zetina-Rejón Manuel J. , Karr Kendra , del Monte-Luna Pablo
Published: May 2024

Marine finfish landings in Cuba have decreased during the last 30 years. However, in Cuba's most productive fishing region, certain species, including rays, herrings, and snappers, have increased landings over the past decade. Despite these anomalies, no comprehensive analysis of the interactions between multispecies landing dynamics, environmental factors, and fishing effort has been carried out. This study estimates the dynamics of multispecies finfish landings between 1981 and 2017 on the southeastern coast of Cuba. Dynamic factor analyses (DFA) were performed to identify common landing trends across multiple species and their relationship with fishing effort and environmental variables. During the period analyzed, finfish landings and fishing effort decreased by 46% and over 80%, respectively. Despite concerns about overfishing, landings per unit of effort (LPUE) increased by 2.8 times, suggesting the decline in landings was closely linked to decreasing fishing effort and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation cycles, with delays of 2 and 3 years. The study highlights the changing relationship between landings and fishing effort, suggesting that LPUE may not accurately reflect true stock abundance. The findings of this study will assist in integrating the dynamics of finfish species, ecosystem status, and management actions for Cuba’s most productive fishing zone.
Social Media Influencers: Customer Attitudes and Impact on Purchase Behaviour
Authors: Ilieva Galina , Yankova Tania , Ruseva Margarita , Klisarova-Belcheva Stanislava , Dzhabarova Yulia , Bratkov Marin
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate and determine the key factors guiding customer attitudes towards social media influencers, and on that base to explore their effects on purchase intentions towards advertised products or services. A total of 376 fulfilled questionnaires from an online survey were analysed. The main characteristics of digital influencers’ behaviour, affecting consumer perceptions have been systematized and categorized through a combination of both traditional and advanced data analysis methods. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), machine learning and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods were selected to uncover the hidden dependencies between variables from the perspective of social media users. The developed models elucidate the underlying relationships that shape the acceptance mechanism of influencers’ messages. The results obtained provide specific recommendations for stakeholders across the social media marketing value chain. Marketers can make informed decisions and optimize influencer marketing strategies to enhance user experience and increase conversion rates. Working collaboratively, marketers and influencers can create impactful and successful marketing campaigns that resonate with the target audience and drive meaningful results. Customers benefit from more tailored and engaging influencer content that aligns with their interests and preferences, fostering a stronger connection with brands and potentially affecting their purchase decisions. As the perception of customer satisfaction is individual and evolving process, stakeholders should organize regular evaluations of influencer marketing data and explore the possibilities to ensure continuous improvement of this e-marketing channel.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ca1−xMnxHPO4·nH2O Compounds for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Alyami Mohammed , Alsunaidi Haya Ali , Al-Kafawein Juma'a , Alanazi Abdulaziz A. , Alotibi Satam , Abdulaziz Fahad , Mahmoud Nada T. , Alshaaer Mazen
Published: May 2024

The objective of this research was to explore the impact of a gradual replacement of Ca2+ with Mn1+ on the crystal structure of CaHPO4·2H2O, which could be beneficial for producing Ca1−xMnxHPO4·nH2O compounds. In order to prepare the starting solutions required for this study, Ca(NO3) 2·4H2O, (NH4)·2HPO4, and MnNO3·4H2O were used at various molar concentrations. The findings reveal that Mn substitutes Ca partly at low Mn/Ca molar ratios, and Mn doping reduces the unit cell of CaHPO4·2H2O. The produced biphasic compound was composed of monoclinic CaHPO4·2H2O and triclinic/monoclinic nanostructured Mn3PO4O11 after a continuous increase in the Mn/Ca molar ratio to 1. When the Ca/Mn molar ratio is 1.5, a triphasic compound of monoclinic CaHPO4·2H2O, triclinic Mn3P4O11, and Orthorhombic MnHPO4·(H2O)3 phases is formed. The formation of the monophasic MnHPO4·(H2O)3 compound was achieved by increasing the Mn/Ca molar ratio above 4. By adjusting the Mn/Ca molar ratio in the initial solutions, it is possible to produce biomaterials with specific and bespoke characteristics in the future. The Mn/Ca ratio of the starting solution can be modified to produce Ca1-xMnxHPO4-nH2O phases with weight percent compositions, as established. For the first time, Ca1−xMnxHPO4·nH2O compounds were synthesized using novel methods in this manuscript.
Modular Quasi-pseudo Metrics and the Aggregation Problem
Authors: Bibiloni-Femenias Maria del Mar , Valero Oscar
Published: May 2024

The applicability of the distance aggregation problem has attracted the interest of many authors. Motivated by this fact, in this paper we face the modular quasi-(pseudo-)metric aggregation problem. We characterize those functions that allow merging a collection of modular quasi-(pseudo-)metrics into a single one. Specifically, a description of such functions in terms of triangle triplets is given and, in addition, the relationship between modular quasi-(pseudo-)metric aggregation functions and modular (pseudo-)metric aggregation functions is discussed. Such characterizations are illustrated with appropriate examples. A few methods to construct modular quasi-(pseudo-)metrics are yielded. Several properties of modular quasi-(pseudo-)metric aggregation functions are explored and used to develop quick tests for discarding candidate functions to aggregate modular quasi-(pseudo-)metrics. Moreover, a characterization of those modular quasi-(pseudo-)metric aggregation functions that preserve modular quasi-(pseudo-)metrics is also provided. Furthermore, the relationship between modular quasi-(pseudo-)metric aggregation functions and quasi-(pseudo-)metric aggregation functions is studied in such a way that significative differences are displayed.
Evaluation of Biopesticides for Management of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Florida
Authors: Dimase Marcelo , Lahiri Sriyanka , Beuzelin Julien , Hutton Samuel , Smith Hugh Adam
Published: May 2024

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, is a pest known to significantly impact tomato development and yields through direct damage and virus transmission. To manage this pest, the current study compared the effectiveness of various insecticide rotations. Field trials included rotations involving synthetic insecticides, biochemicals, and microbial agents, applied according to their labeled highest concentrations. Results indicated that while standard synthetic insecticides consistently reduced whitefly egg and nymph counts significantly, microbial biopesticide rotations also achieved reductions, although less consistently. This study demonstrated that while traditional chemical treatments remain highly effective, integrating microbial biopesticides containing Beauveria bassiana and Cordyceps javanica present a viable alternative that could mitigate resistance development and reduce environmental impact. The findings suggest the potential for optimizing integrated pest management (IPM) and Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategies by incorporating a variety of modes of action to sustainably manage B. tabaci MEAM1 populations in agricultural settings.
Assessing RNA-Seq Workflow Methodologies Using Shannon Entropy
Authors: Carels Nicolas
Published: May 2024

RNA-seq faces persistent challenges due to the ongoing expanding array of data processing workflows, none of which have yet achieved standardization to date. It is imperative to determine which method most effectively preserves biological facts. Shannon entropy serves as a tool for depicting the biological status of a system. Thus, we assessed the measurement of Shannon entropy by several RNA-seq workflow approaches, employing RPKM and median normalization on paired samples of 475 TCGA RNA-seq datasets spanning eight different cancer types with 5-year overall survival rates ranging from 30% to 98%. Our analysis revealed that the RPKM normalization coupled with a threshold of log2 fold change ≥1 for indentifying differentially expressed genes, yielded the best results with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. We propose that Shannon entropy can serve as an objective metric for refining the optimization of RNA-seq workflows.
Identification of a Novel KPC Variant, KPC-204, Conferring Resistance to Both Carbapenems and Ceftazidime-Avibactam in an ST11 Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strain
Authors: Gong Yanqiao , Feng Yu , Lv Xiaoju
Published: May 2024

This study describes KPC-204, a novel variant of Klebsiella Pneumoniae carbapenemase, characterized by a KDD amino acid insertion at Ambler position 269 deviates from KPC-2. This variant was identified in an ST11-type clinical isolate of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae from China. Notably, KPC-204 exhibits resistance to both ceftazidime-avibactam and carbapenems. Genetic analysis revealed that blaKPC-204 was located on a highly mobile IncFII/IncR plasmid within a complex genetic structure that facilitates its spread. Functional analysis, achieved through cloning into E. coli DH5α, validates KPC-204's contribution to increased resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam. The kinetic parameters showed that KPC-204 exhibited similar affinity to KPC-2 toward ceftazidime and reduced sensitivity to avibactam. Mating experiments demonstrated the resistance's transmissibility. This investigation underscores the evolving diversity of KPC variants affecting ceftazidime-avibactam resistance, highlighting the necessity for continuous monitoring.
A Ship State Recognition Method Based on Graph Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ma Lin , Cao Hao , Shi Guo-You , Zhu Kaige , Li Weifeng , Qin Shengyan
Published: May 2024

To address the challenge of recognizing ship states accurately amidst the complexities of marine environments, this study proposes a novel ship state recognition approach leveraging a graph convolutional neural network (GCNN). Initially, the method extracts canonical and efficient ship motion trajectories from AIS data. Subsequently, a state recognition network tailored for ship motion trajectories is devised and implemented employing graph convolution. Notably, the accuracy of this model is enhanced through the introduction of novel weights and optimization of the Adj parameter. Experimental evaluations conducted on a ship state dataset demonstrate significant performance improvements. Specifically, the proposed recognition network achieves a recognition accuracy of 98.3% for regulated ship trajectories, marking an impressive 8.4% enhancement over traditional convolutional neural networks. This advancement holds promise for enhancing ship state recognition accuracy across diverse maritime applications including maritime supervision, navigation safety, and ship management.
Interdisciplinary Management of the Patient with Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A Ten-Year Treatment
Authors: Weberová Zuzana , Koberová Romana Ivančaková
Published: May 2024

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) – is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia with a prevalence of 1 in 1 million individuals. This rare disorder is associated with clavicular hypoplasia or aplasia, delayed closure of fontanels, brachycephalic skull, delayed exfoliation of primary teeth , delayed eruption of permanent and, multiple supernumerary teeth, and morphologic abnormalities of maxilla and mandible. The purpose of this paper is to describe the multidisciplinary surgical, pediatric stomatologic and orthodontic treatment of CCD. A case of a young boy suffering from CCD along with the long-term management, is described in the present report. The patient was 8 years and 5 months old when first presented in the clinic and has been treated for another ten years by the interdisciplinary team comprised of the pediatric dentist, the orthodontist, and the maxillofacial surgeon. The report encompasses a detailed description of the clinical and radiographic findings as clinical, surgical, and orthodontic interventions. The treatment of such cases requires long-term management, close cooperation of specialists, and proper dental age assessment.
Students’ Perception of Generative AI Use for Academic Purpose in UK Higher Education
Authors: Arowosegbe Abayomi , Alqahtani Jaber S. , Oyelade Tope
Published: May 2024

Background: Generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in research and education. However, there is a mixed perception about its use. This study assessed the use, perception, prospect, and challenges of Gen-AI use in higher education. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional survey of university students in the United Kingdom (UK) distributed online between January and April 2024. Demography and perception of Gen-AI and other AI tools were assessed and statistically analysed to assess the difference in perception between various subgroups. Results: A total of 136 students responded to the survey of which 59% (80) were male. The majority were aware of Gen-AI and other AI use in academia (61%) with 52% having personal experience of the tools. Grammar correction and idea generation were the two most common tasks of use, with 37% being regular users. Fifty-six percent of respondents agreed that AI gives an academic edge with 40% holding a positive overall perception about the use in academia. Comparatively, there was a statistically significant difference in overall perception between different age ranges (I2 = 27.39; p = 0.002) and levels of education (I2 = 20.07; p < 0.001). Also, 83% of students believe AI use will increase in academia with over half agreeing it should be integrated into learning. Plagiarism (33%), privacy issues (14%), and lack of clarity by the university (13%) remain the top concerns regarding the use of Gen-AI and other AI tools in academia. Conclusions: Gen-AI and other AI tools are being used and their use will continue to grow in higher education. While current use is challenging due mainly to plagiarism fear and lack of clarity by the university, most users believe AI should be integrated into the university curriculum.
Molecular Biomarkers in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
Authors: Avecilla Vincent
Published: May 2024

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a cystic pulmonary disorder that has been known to primarily affect women of childbearing age. The disorder can develop with mutations in the tuberous sclerosis (TSC) genes TSC1 & TSC2 but may arise by other irregular cases in the lack of these mutations. LAM can manifest in a wide variety of ways and generally compounded in symptoms of other lung disorders such as bronchitis, emphysema, & asthma. However, due to lack of effective diagnostic methods, biomarkers of LAM leading to a treatment for the disorder are currently unmet. Using integrative dating analytics and bioinformatics approaches; this study used publicly available microarray data to identify biomarkers in LAM. The results showed important differential expressed genes (DEGs) including: CDH2, CXCL6, ANXA10, MFAP5, RPS4Y1, DCBLD2, PAPPA, TFPI2, SERPINE1, LOX, MYH11, RGS1, SEPP1, TMOD1, ID1, SFTPB, CDH1, HTR2B, OGN, and IGLC1. Furthermore, gene – network and gene ontology (GO) analysis were conducted to show the importance of these genes from a molecular understanding. Taken together, the results revealed could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with LAM patients.
A Carrier Manifolds Framework for AGI
Authors: Ge Xiaolin
Published: May 2024

This paper integrates carrier manifolds from control theory and hybrid systems modeling to develop a novel mathematical framework for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Carrier manifolds represent the state space of complex AGI systems, while hybrid systems model discrete and continuous dynamics together. The proposed architecture embeds carrier manifold into GPTProX, a hybrid AI solver combining conversational AI, logic programming, and optimization.
Tropical Fruit Virus Resistance in the Era of Next Generation Plant Breeding
Authors: Vieira Marcella Silva , Cabral Rafael Lara Rezende , Favaratto Luíza , Maciel Laiane Silva , Xavier André da Silva , Zerbini Francisco Murilo , Fernandes Patricia M. B.
Published: May 2024

Plant viral diseases constitute a major contributor to agricultural production losses, significantly impacting the economies of exporting countries by more than $30 billion annually. Understanding and researching the biology and genomics of viruses is crucial for developing virus-resistant, genetically edited or genetically modified plants. Genetic modifications can be targeted to specific regions within genes of target plants which are important or essential for the virus to establish a systemic infection, thus fostering resistance or enabling plants to effectively respond to invading agents while preserving their yield. This review provides an overview of viral incidence and diversity in tropical fruit crops and aims to examine the current state of the knowledge on recent research efforts aimed at reducing or eliminating the damage caused by viral diseases, with emphasis on genetically edited products that have reached the market in recent years.
Application of Open- source Large Language Model (LLM) for Simulation of a Vulnerable IoT System and Cybersecurity Best Practices Assistance
Authors: Yosifova Veneta
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the role of open-source large language models in IoT cybersecurity world. The threats of malicious activity on the Internet and the loss of private information are very real and lead to serious consequences. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how open source-large language models can help to defend against the growing threat of cyber-crimes. We conducted our experiments in two directions. The first one is a security assistant that helps with cybersecurity best practices advices. The second one is a how large language model can simulate a vulnerable IoT system. For both types of experiments, the interactive mode of operation of the language model is used. In the context of the cybersecurity research, a major advantage of the locally installed open-sourced large language models is that they do not share sensitive data with a remote system in a cloud. The paper concludes by discussing the potential impact of open-source large language models on cybersecurity research and recommends future research directions.
Relationship of Mediterranean Diet with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Caucasian Subjects: A Cross-Sectional trial
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Leticia , Gómez-Sánchez Marta , Tamayo-Morales Olaya , Lugones-Sanchez Cristina , González-Sánchez Susana , Martí-Lluch Ruth , Rodriguez-Sanchez Emiliano , Garcia-Ortiz Luis , Gomez-Marcos Manuel Angel
Published: May 2024

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of the Mediterranean diet (MD) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Caucasian subjects between 35 and 74 years. The secondary aim is to analyze sex differences. Methods: A cross‑sectional trial. This study utilized data from the EVA, MARK, and EVIDENT studies, a total of 3417 subjects with a mean age of 60.14±9.14 years (57% men). MetS was defined based on the Joint Scientific Statement National Cholesterol Education Program III. Waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile were measured. Adherence to the MD was assessed with the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire used in the PREDIMED study. Good adherence was considered when the MD value was higher than the median value. Results: The mean value of the MEDAS questionnaire was 5.83±2.04; (Men 5.66±2.06 and women 6.04±1.99; p<0.001). Adherence to the MD was observed by 38.6% (34.3% men and 40.3% women; p<0.001). MetS was observed in 41.6% (39.0% men and 45.2%women p<0.001). In the multiple regression analysis after adjusting for possible confounders, the mean MD value showed a negative association with the number of MetS components per subject (β=-0.336), and with the different components of MetS: Systolic blood pressure (β=-0.011), Diastolic blood pressure (β=-0.029), glycemia (β=-0.009), Triglycerides (β=-0.004), Waist circumference (β=-0.026), except with the HDL-cholesterol value which showed a positive association (β=0.021); (p<0.001 in all cases). The adjusted logistic regression models showed that an increase in MDA decreases the probability of MetS (OR =0.56) and its components: blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg (OR = 0.63), fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dL (OR = 0.62); triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL (OR = 0.65); waist circumference ≥88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men (OR = 0.74), and increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women (OR = 1.70); (p<0.001 in all cases). The results by sex were similar, both in multiple regression and logistic regression. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreases the probability of presenting Mets globally and by sex.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Effects of Senna rugosa Leaf and Root Extracts on Human Leukemia Cell Lines
Authors: dos Santos Cintia Miranda , Baldivia Debora da Silva , de Castro David Tsuyoshi Hiramatsu , Carvalho José Tarciso de Giffoni , Oliveira Alex Santos , da Rocha Paola dos Santos , Campos Jaqueline Ferreira , Balogun Sikiru Olaitan , De Oliveira Caio Fernando Ramalho , da Silva Denise Brentan , Carollo Carlos Alexandre , De Picoli Souza Kely , dos Santos Edson Lucas
Published: May 2024

Senna rugosa is a species found in the Cerrado and used in folk medicine as a vermifuge and in the treatment of poisonous snakebites accidents. In this work, we identified the main secondary metabolites present in ethanolic extracts of the leaves (ELSR) and roots (ERSR) of S. rugosa and evaluated the potential cytoprotective effect against cellular macromolecular damage, as well as the cytotoxic properties of the extracts on the K562 and Jurkat leukemic cell lines. The identification of metabolites was done by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities were investigated by direct ABTS•+ and DPPH• radical scavenging methods, protection against oxidative damage in proteins and DNA. The cytotoxic properties were investigated against healthy cells, isolated from human peripheral blood (PBMC) and leukemic cell lines. The leaf extract contains catechin, rutin, epigallocatechin derivatives, kaempferol glycosides, luteolin, and dimeric and trimeric procyanidins, while the root extract profile shows obtusichromoneside derivatives, 2-methoxystypandrone, stilbene derivatives, naphthopyranones, and flavanone derivatives. The extracts showed antioxidant activity, with IC50 of 4.86 ± 0.51 µg/mL and 8.33 ± 0.90 µg/mL in the ABTS assay for ELSR and ERSR, respectively. And in the DPPH• assay, the IC50 was 19.98 ± 1.96 µg/mL for ELSR and 13.37 ± 1.05 µg/mL for ERSR. The extracts protected macromolecules against oxidative damage at concentrations of 5 µg/mL. The cytotoxicity test against leukemic strains was observed after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. After 48 h, results against the K562 cell line demonstrate IC50 of 242.54 ± 2.38 µg/mL and 223.00 ± 2.34 µg/mL for ELSR and ERSR , respectively. While against the Jurkat cell line, these extracts showed IC50 of 171.45 ± 2.25 µg/mL and 189.30 ± 2.27 µg/mL, respectively Results on PBMC viability, demonstrate that the extracts showed selectivity for the leukemic cell lines. Together, our results reveal that the leaves and roots of S. rugosa have completely distinct and complex chemical compositions. This study expands the repertoire of identified chemical compounds and underscores their significant pharmacological potential in conditions related to oxidative stress and leukemia.
Investigation of Variability of Flaw Strength Distributions on a Brittle SiC Ceramic
Authors: Lamon Jacques
Published: May 2024

The present paper investigates flaw strength distributions established using various flexural tests on batches of SiC bar test specimens: 4-point bending as well as 3-point bending with different span lengths. Flaw strength is given by the elemental stress operating on the critical flaw at fracture of a test specimen. Fracture inducing flaws and their locations are identified by fractography. A single population of pores was found to dominate fracture.
The construction of diagrams of p-quantile vs elemental strengths was aimed at assessing the Gaussian nature of flaw strengths. Then, empirical cumulative distributions of strengths were constructed using the normal distribution function. Weibull cumulative probability distributions were derived from the mean and the standard deviation using the first moment equation. Agreement was obtained between both Weibull and normal flaw strengths distributions. The cumulative distributions for the different bending tests were predicted satisfactorily from the flaw strength density function using the elemental strength model. Flaw strength distributions that include potential weaker flaws encountered in larger test pieces are extrapolated using the p-quantile diagrams. Implications are discussed about the pertinence of an intrinsically representative flaw strength distribution, about failure predictions, about size effects, and about the significance of flaw spatial distributions.
Open Surgical Conversion of Popliteal Endograft Infection: Case Reports And Literature Review
Authors: Ascione Marta , Dajci Ada , Cangiano Rocco , Marzano Antonio , Molinari Andrea , Miceli Francesca , Di Girolamo Alessia , Di Marzo Luca , Mansour Wassim
Published: May 2024

Background: Endovascular treatment of popliteal aneurysms (PA) has increased in the last few years, quickly becoming the main treatment in many vascular centers, based on the acceptable and promising outcomes reported in the literature. However, endograft infections are the most dangerous complication as a serious local compromise and usually require open surgical conversion and device explantation to preserve the affected extremity. Case report: We reported two patients admitted to the emergency room for pain and edema in the lower leg. Both patients have undergone exclusion of ruptured PA a few years before by endovascular graft. CTA showed a significant volume of fluid-corpuscular collection related to perianeurysmal abscess collection in both cases. Blood cultures and drained material cultures were positive for Staphylococcus Capitis in the first case and S. Aureus in the second. The antibiotics prophylaxis was performed for 10 days, then, patients underwent an open surgical conversion with a complete explantation of endovascular material and a femoro-popliteal bypass using an autologous vein in the first case and biological bovine pericardium prosthesis in the other case. Furthermore, we have questioned the literature and found eight more cases described in case report article referred to popliteal graft infections by different microorganisms, mostly presenting acute limb ischemia as the first symptom and suggesting endograft explantation with open conversion and autologous vein bypass as the commonest therapeutic choice. Conclusions: Open surgical conversion of popliteal endograft infection is the best strategy to manage peripheral infection of the popliteal stent.
Preserving Our Past: A Thorough Examination of Methods and Technologies in Digital Heritage
Authors: Tribhuvan Amrapali  Prakash
Published: May 2024

This review paper explores the multifaceted landscape of digital heritage preservation and presentation, focusing on various methods and technologies employed in the field. The introduction highlights the significance of digital heritage in preserving and showcasing cultural, historical, and natural assets. It emphasizes the non-destructive nature of digital preservation methods, enabling wider access and research possibilities. The paper also discusses the relevance of cultural computing in creating engaging user experiences and recognizes its potential in bridging cultural gaps. The literature review section presents a diverse range of technologies and tools, such as ZENetic Computer, C-Vyasa Sanskrit, Pandulipi Samshodhak, JATAN, and immersive projects like "Alice in Wonderland." The methods and technologies section delves into the technical aspects of digital heritage preservation. It explores photogrammetry, 3D depth sensing, 3D laser scanning, augmented reality, digital storytelling, focus stacking, and multiple view stereovision. Each technology is discussed in detail, highlighting its applications, benefits, and relevance in cultural heritage preservation. Finally, the comparative analysis section offers insights from various research papers and books, comparing different methodologies and approaches in the field. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of digital heritage preservation, showcasing the diverse methods and technologies that contribute to the safeguarding and presentation of our cultural heritage for future generations.
Italian Validation of the Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised: Psychometric Properties and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Scaini Simona , Grazioli Silvia , Giani Ludovica , Forresi Barbara , De Francesco Stefano , Caputi Marcella
Published: May 2024

There is evidence that the tendency to adopt a particular pattern of causal inference, known as attributional style, is likely to be associated with specific pattern of psychopathology among youth. This study aims to assess preliminary psychometric properties of the Italian Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised (CASQ-R) and to explore the presence of any subgroups of children and early adolescents from the general population who might exhibit internally homogeneous and externally heterogeneous attributional styles, through cluster analyses, delving also potential sociodemographic and clinical differences among the identified clusters of attributional styles. A sample of 337 children was recruited and their attributional styles and depressive symptoms were analyzed. Four distinct clusters emerged using the six CASQ-R subscales in a multivariate finite mixture model. In particular, high levels of depressive symptoms were reported by children showing high scores in all the negative attributional subscales (globality, internality and stability) and medium scores in all the positive attributional subscales. Conversely, low levels of depressive symptoms were reported by children showing medium-to-high scores in the positive attributional subscales and low-to-medium scores in the negative attributional subscales. The identified clusters shed light on distinct patterns associated with depressive symptoms, offering potential insights for targeted interventions.
Coffee Flavoured Kombucha: Development, Physicochemical Characterization and Sensory Analysis
Authors: Saito Morena Senna , dos Santos Wilton Amaral , Mamede Maria Eugênia de Oliveira
Published: May 2024

Considering the health benefits of the kombucha, already widely studied, the objective of the study was to development of the beverage with the addition of infusion of special arabica coffee from the first fermentation varying the proportion of special coffee (2% a 13%) and evaluate the pH, volatile acidity, degree of alcohol, centesimal composition, sodium contents, colour parameters as like acceptability of the beverages. With respect to the pH, all the formulations conformed with the kombucha identity standard, but K3 and K4 were below the established minimum for volatile acidity. Except for K4, all the other formulations were classified as alcoholic kombuchas, although the values were very close to the limit for non-alcoholic. The formulations presented low sugar and sodium content, which corroborated the low caloric value. Therefore, coffee-flavored kombucha fermented for 18 days becomes an option for consumers looking for low-calorie, refreshing and healthy drinks. The luminosity of the beverages decreased as the proportion of coffee increased, and consequently the values for a* and b* increased, indicating a strong tendency for a yellowish red colour. Sensorially, the formulations K4 and K3 were the most well accepted in all respects and can therefore be considered formulations with high commercialization potential.
Evaluating serum and salivary free light chains levels as a potential indicator of acute kidney injury post cardiac surgery
Authors: Saed Moazaz Rashad , Mathkor Thikra Hasan
Published: May 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication post-cardiac surgery, impacting short- and long-term survival. Free light chains (FLCs) are being explored as markers for assessing kidney damage risk. A study aimed to validate early AKI detection by studying FLCs (kappa, lambda, and kappa/lambda ratio) in serum and saliva samples. Clinical data was collected from 149 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in Baghdad. Ninety of these patients provided saliva samples in addition to serum samples for free light chain evaluation. Patients were grouped by proteinuria severity. Serum kappa levels were significantly higher in severe proteinuria patients compared to mild or no proteinuria. Salivary kappa levels were significantly higher in mild proteinuria patients compared to severe or no proteinuria. Salivary lambda levels decreased with increasing proteinuria severity. Serum kappa increase could be due to immune system activation and kidney compromise. Both serum and salivary kappa showed good predictive ability for post-surgery AKI prognosis compared to lambda and the kappa/lambda ratio, depending upon ROC performance. The study suggests FLCs, especially kappa, could be valuable in early AKI detection post-cardiac surgery, indicating potential for improved patient outcomes through proactive monitoring and intervention.