bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Seed Sterilization Methods Require Optimization Across Maize Genotypes
Authors: Parnell J. Jacob , Pal Gaurav , Awan Ayesha , Vintila Simina , Houdinet Gabriella , Hawkes Christine V. , Balint-Kurti Peter J. , Wagner Maggie R. , Kleiner Manuel
Published: April 2024

Studies of plant–microbe interactions using synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) often require the removal of seed-associated microbes by seed sterilization prior to inoculation to provide gnotobiotic growth conditions. Diverse seed sterilization protocols have been developed and have been used on different plant species with various amounts of validation. From these studies it has become clear that each plant species requires its own optimized sterilization protocol. It has, however, so far not been tested whether the same protocol works equally well for different varieties and seed sources of one plant species. We evaluated six seed sterilization protocols on two different varieties (Sugar Bun and B73) of maize. All unsterilized maize seeds showed fungal growth upon germination on filter paper, highlighting the need for a sterilization protocol. A short sterilization protocol with hypochlorite and ethanol was sufficient to prevent fungal growth on Sugar Bun germinants; however a longer protocol with heat treatment and germination in fungicide was needed to obtain clean B73 germinants. This difference may have arisen from the effect of either genotype or seed source. We then tested the protocol that performed best for B73 on three additional maize genotypes from four sources. Seed germination rates and fungal contamination levels varied widely by genotype and geographic source of seeds. Our study shows that consideration of both variety and seed source is important when optimizing sterilization protocols and highlights the importance of including seed source information in plant–microbe interaction studies that use sterilized seeds.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Winter Rye Cover Crops Shelter Competent Squash Phyllosphere Bacteria to Reduce Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans Growth and Angular Leaf Spot Symptoms
Authors: Maglione Rémi , Ciotola Marie , Cadieux Mélanie , Toussaint Vicky , Laforest Martin , Kembel Steven W.
Published: April 2024

Cover crops, a soil conservation practice, can contribute to reducing disease pressure caused by Pseudomonas syringae, considered one of the most important bacterial plant pathogens. We recently demonstrated that the phyllosphere (leaf surface) bacterial community structure changed when squash ( Cucurbita pepo) was grown with a rye ( Secale cereale) cover crop treatment, followed by a decrease of angular leaf spot disease symptoms on squash caused by P. syringae pv.  lachrymans. Application of biocontrol agents is a known agricultural practice to mitigate crop losses due to microbial disease. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that some phyllosphere bacteria promoted when squash is grown on cover crops could be isolated and used as a biocontrol agent to decrease angular leaf spot symptoms. We grew squash during a 2-year field experiment using four agricultural practices: bare soil, cover crops, chemically terminated cover crops, and plastic cover. We sampled squash leaves at three different dates each year and constructed a collection of cultivable bacterial strains isolated from squash leaves and rye cover crop material. Each isolated strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and used in in vitro (Petri dish) pathogen growth and in vivo (greenhouse) symptom control assays. Four bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Pseudarthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Delftia, and Rhizobium were shown to inhibit P. syringae pv. lachrymans growth and angular leaf spot symptom development. Strikingly, the symptom control efficacy of all strains was stronger on older leaves. This study sheds light on the importance of bacterial isolation from cover crop sources to promote disease control.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Impact of Climate Change on Vegetable Crop Diseases and Their Management: The Value of Phytotron Studies for the Agricultural Industry and Associated Stakeholders
Authors: Pugliese Massimo , Gilardi Giovanna , Garibaldi Angelo , Gullino Maria Lodovica
Published: April 2024

Climate change is having a significant impact on global agriculture, particularly on vegetable crops, which play a critical role in global nutrition. Recently, increasing research has concentrated on the impact of climate change on vegetable crop diseases, with several studies being conducted in phytotrons, which have been used to explore the effects of increased temperatures and CO2 concentrations to simulate future scenarios. This review focuses on the combined effects of temperature and carbon dioxide increases on foliar and soilborne vegetable diseases, as evaluated under phytotron conditions. The influence of climate change on mycotoxin production and disease management strategies is also explored through case studies. The results offer valuable information that can be used to guide both seed and agrochemical industries, as well as to develop disease-resistant varieties and innovative control measures, including biocontrol agents, considering the diseases that are likely to become prevalent under future climatic scenarios. Recommendations on how to manage vegetable diseases under ongoing climate change are proposed to facilitate plants’ adaptation to and enhanced against the changing conditions. A proactive and comprehensive response to climate-induced challenges in vegetable farming is imperative to ensure food security and sustainability.
Loss of p16 Immunoexpression and Deletions of CDKN2A in the Progression of Extramammary Paget Disease: An Immunohistochemical and Genetic Study of 24 Invasive/Metastatic Cases
Authors: Hiraki Tsubasa , Oishi Takuma , Yoshikawa Shusuke , Honma Keiichiro , Ohe Shuichi , Isei Taiki , Kukita Yoji , Takai Toshihiro , Shimada Keiji , Takei Yusuke , Goto Keisuke
Published: April 2024

Information regarding the genetic alterations in extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is scarce. This study investigated the significance of CDKN2A and MTAP alterations in EMPD progression using immunohistochemistry and panel DNA sequencing. In total, 24 invasive/metastatic EMPD cases were included in this study. The immunoexpression of p16 and MTAP in the primary in situ, primary invasive, and metastatic tumor components was evaluated. Panel DNA sequencing was performed for metastatic tumor components in 5 of the 24 cases. Immunoexpression of p16 in the in situ tumor component was at least partially preserved in all 19 tested cases (100%). By contrast, the invasive tumor component was diffusely or partially lost in 18 (81.8%) of 22 tested cases. Regarding the foci of lymph node metastasis, 13 (81.2%) of the 16 patients showed a significant loss of p16 expression. Loss of MTAP immunoexpression was observed less frequently compared with the loss of p16 expression. CDKN2A homozygous deletions were confirmed in all 5 tested cases by sequencing, whereas MTAP deletions were detected in only 2 cases. In conclusion, p16 expression loss and CDKN2A deletions can be frequently seen in invasive/metastatic cases of EMPD.
Prevalence and factors associated with masked hypertension in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Legrand Frédéric , Motiejunaite Justina , Arnoult Florence , Lahens Alexandre , Tabibzadeh Nahid , Robert-Mercier Tiphaine , Rouzet François , De Pinho Natalia Alencar , Vrtovsnik François , Flamant Martin , Vidal-Petiot Emmanuelle
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

Optimal blood pressure (BP) control is key to prevent cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We described the prevalence and factors associated with masked hypertension in CKD.

Methods:

We analyzed 1113 ambulatory 24-h BP monitoring (ABPM) records of 632 patients referred for kidney function evaluation. Masked hypertension was defined as office BP less than 140/90 mmHg but daytime BP at least 135/85 mmHg or nighttime BP at least 120/70 mmHg. Factors associated with masked hypertension were assessed with mixed logistic regression models.

Results:

At inclusion, 424 patients (67%) had controlled office BP, of whom 56% had masked hypertension. In multivariable analysis conducted in all visits with controlled office BP (n = 782), masked hypertension was positively associated with male sex [adjusted OR (95% confidence interval) 1.91 (1.16–3.27)], sub-Saharan African origin [2.51 (1.32–4.63)], BMI [1.11 (1.01–1.17) per 1 kg/m2], and albuminuria [1.29 [1.12 - 1.47] per 1 log unit), and was negatively associated with plasma potassium (0.42 [0.29 - 0.71] per 1 mmol/L) and 24-h urinary potassium excretion (0.91 [0.82 - 0.99] per 10 mmol/24 h) as well as the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) blockers (0.56 [0.31 - 0.97]) and diuretics (0.41 [0.27 - 0.72]).

Conclusion:

Our findings support the routine use of ABPM in CKD, as more than half of the patients with controlled office BP had masked hypertension. Weight control, higher potassium intake (with caution in advanced CKD), correction of hypokalemia, and larger use of diuretics and RAAS blockers could be potential levers for better out-of-office BP control.
Habitual coffee consumption and office, home, and ambulatory blood pressure: results of a 10-year prospective study
Authors: Trevano Fosca Quarti , Vela-Bernal Sara , Facchetti Rita , Cuspidi Cesare , Mancia Giuseppe , Grassi Guido
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

Heterogeneous are the results of the published studies aimed at determining the long-term effects of habitual coffee consumption on blood pressure (BP). Specifically, no data are available on the longitudinal association between habitual coffee consumption and office, home and 24 h BP profile and variability.

Methods:

In 1408 subjects recruited in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study, followed for a 10 year follow-up period and classified as coffee consumers and nonconsumers (self-reporting), we prospectically investigated the association between habitual coffee consumption and office, home and 24-h ambulatory BP; 24-h BP variability; and development of a new hypertensive state. Data were also analysed according to gender.

Results:

When data were adjusted for confounders habitual coffee nonconsumers and consumers displayed similar long-term BP changes during the follow-up in office, home, and ambulatory BP. No difference was found between heavy and moderate coffee consumers. Furthermore, also new-onset hypertension and patterns of BP variability were superimposable in coffee nonconsumers and consumers, independently on confounders including gender, number, and characteristics of the antihypertensive drug treatment.

Conclusion:

The present study, which is the first longitudinal investigation never performed examining in a prospective fashion the long-term (10 year) effects of coffee consumption on office, home, and ambulatory BP, provides conclusive evidence that habitual coffee consumption is associated with neutral effects on in-office and out-of-office BP values and related variabilities. This is the also the case for the new-onset hypertensive state.
Perceptions and Controversies on Cholera in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Field in the Late Qing Dynasty
Authors: GUO Shiqiang , WU Haohuan , WU Yinghua
Published: April 2024

At the beginning of the initial cholera outbreak in China, Wang Qingren (王清任), after years of clinical trials, became an early representative who discovered the infectious characteristics and observed the course of cholera in the field of traditional Chinesse medicine (TCM). Kou Langao (寇兰皋) and Xu Zimo (徐子默), both medical practitioners, constructed a diagnosis and treatment system for cholera with cold patterns under the theory of typhoid. They represented “School of Cholera with Cold Patterns” (SCCP). In the 1860s, with the influence of Wang Shixiong’s (王士雄) studies on the nature of cholera under the theory of epidemic febrile disease, the “School of Cholera with Heated Patterns” (SCHP) prevailed thereafter. The two schools complemented each other in theories and contributed to the integrity of TCM in cholera diagnosis and treatment. By reviewing previous literature, books, clinical cases, and historical materials in medical field, this article aims 1) to summarise the influence of TCM on the cognitive development towards cholera in the late Qing dynasty; 2) to explore the origin of the controversy between SCCP and SCHP from historical evidence; 3) to summarize the historical lessons from the debate over cholera in TCM based on the principle of treatment based on pattern identification, and offer suggestions for the current prevention and treatment of new diseases using TCM.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-based Shear Wave Elastography for Detection of Advanced Liver Disease
Authors: AbiMansour Jad , Chin Jerry Yung-Lun , Kaur Jyotroop , Vargas Eric J. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Law Ryan , Garimella Vishal , Levy Michael J. , Storm Andrew C. , Dierkhising Ross , Allen Alina , Venkatesh Sudhakar , Chandrasekhara Vinay
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:

Endoscopic ultrasound shear wave elastography (EUS-SWE) is a novel modality for liver stiffness measurement. The aims of this study are to evaluate the performance and reliability of EUS-SWE for detecting advanced liver disease in a prospective cohort.

Methods:

EUS-SWE measurements were prospectively obtained from patients undergoing EUS between August 2020 and March 2023. Liver stiffness measurements were compared between patients with and without advanced liver disease (ALD), defined as stage ≥3, to determine diagnostic accuracy for advanced fibrosis and portal hypertension. Logistic regression was performed to identify variables that impact the reliability of EUS-SWE readings. Select patients underwent paired magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for liver fibrosis correlation.

Results:

Patients with ALD demonstrated higher liver stiffness compared to healthy controls (left lobe: 17.6 vs. 12.7 kPa, P<0.001; median right lobe: 24.8 vs. 11.0 kPa, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) for the detection of ALD was 0.73 and 0.80 for left and right lobe measurements, respectively. General anesthesia was associated with reliable EUS-SWE liver readings (odds ratio: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.07-7.39, P=0.040). Left lobe measurements correlated significantly with MRE with an increase of 0.11 kPa (95% CI: 0.05-0.17 kPA) for every 1 kPa increase on EUS-SWE. D.

Conclusions:

SWE is a promising technology that can readily be incorporated into standard EUS examinations for the assessment of ALD.
PET/CT in leukemia: utility and future directions
Authors: Al-Ibraheem Akram , Allouzi Sudqi , Abdlkadir Ahmed Saad , Mikhail-Lette Miriam , Al-Rabi Kamal , Ma’koseh Mohammad , Knoll Peter , Abdelrhman Zaid , Shahin Omar , Juweid Malik E. , Paez Diana , Lopci Egesta
Published: April 2024

2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose PET/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) has proven to be a sensitive method for the detection and evaluation of hematologic malignancies, especially lymphoma. The increasing incidence and mortality rates of leukemia have raised significant concerns. Through the utilization of whole-body imaging, [18F]FDG PET/CT provides a thorough assessment of the entire bone marrow, complementing the limited insights provided by biopsy samples. In this regard, [18F]FDG PET/CT has the ability to assess diverse types of leukemia The utilization of [18F]FDG PET/CT has been found to be effective in evaluating leukemia spread beyond the bone marrow, tracking disease relapse, identifying Richter’s transformation, and assessing the inflammatory activity associated with acute graft versus host disease. However, its role in various clinical scenarios in leukemia remains unacknowledged. Despite their less common use, some novel PET/CT radiotracers are being researched for potential use in specific scenarios in leukemia patients. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to provide a thorough assessment of the current applications of [18F]FDG PET/CT in the staging and monitoring of leukemia patients, as well as the potential for an expanding role of PET/CT in leukemia patients.
Falciform technique in laparoscopic revision of distal catheter obstruction: an evaluation
Authors: Nguyen Trong Yen , Tran Quang Dung , Pham Van Hiep
Published: April 2024

Background:

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting is a cornerstone treatment for hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. Despite its efficacy, this procedure is associated with various complications, among which distal catheter obstruction poses significant challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ‘falciform technique’ in laparoscopic revision of distal catheter obstructions, offering a novel approach to mitigate this prevalent issue.

Materials and methods:

This study retrospectively analyzed 28 patients with VP shunt distal catheter obstructions who underwent laparoscopy-assisted shunt revision between January 2016 and June 2022. All of these were done using the ‘falciform technique’ with the fixation of the distal catheter to the falciform ligament in supra-hepatic space.

Results:

The most common etiology of primary shunt surgery was hydrocephalus, followed by intracranial hemorrhage (42.9%) and traumatic brain injury (32.1%). Normal pressure hydrocephalus occurs in 14.3% of cases. Fifteen patients (53.6%) required revision surgery within 1 year of index surgery. Thirteen patients (46.4%) underwent revision surgery more than 1 year after the index surgery, either as a first revision or subsequent revision. The average surgery time was 32.1±14.7 min and hospital stay was 4.2±1.8 days. After a mean follow-up period of at 20.3±8.7 months, except for three patients who died from other causes (two patients due to pneumonia and one due to exhaustion), there were no shunt-related complications in the remaining 25 patients.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopy with the application of ‘falciform technique’ is a safe and highly effective method in distal catheter obstruction revision following VP shunt.
Rapid pulmonary fistulization complicating a psoas abscess with intraoperative hypoxemia: a rare case report
Authors: Ziani Hicham , Elazzouzi Imane , Chibani Amine , Arfaoui Manal , Benhlima Abdelkader , Elhamzaoui Hamza , Alilou Mustapha , Chajai Salim , Eddouali Amine , Slaihi Zakariae , Chaieri Ahlam , Awab Almahdi
Published: April 2024

Introduction and importance:

Psoas abscess is a relatively uncommon condition that can present with vague clinical features. Patients with this condition often present in different ways to different specialties leading to delays in diagnosis and management.

Case presentation:

The authors present a 47-year-old woman with complaint of vague abdominal pain, fever, and raised inflammatory markers who underwent CT examination. On CT, a collection was noted in the right iliac fossa that extended along the right retroperitoneum through the retrocrural space in the right lung base communicating with a cavitary pulmonary lesion with air-fluid level. The psoas abscess was drained.

Clinical discussion:

Our case presents a number of rare and intriguing features. Notably, the patient, who was immunocompetent, experienced a primary Staphylococcus infection that swiftly progressed to a sizable pulmonary abscess, a phenomenon uncommon in such hosts. The rarity further extends to the source of infection, originating abdominally but culminating in thoracic complications through contiguous spread from a retroperitoneal site. Despite the potential severity, the patient’s outcome was remarkably positive

Conclusion:

This case underscores the potential rapidity of pulmonary involvement in psoas abscesses, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and consideration of respiratory signs during preoperative assessments
The renoprotective potential of montelukast: a scoping review
Authors: Sarmadian Roham , Gilani Abolfazl , Mehrtabar Saba , Mahrokhi Koushemehr Sona , Hakimzadeh Zahra , Yousefichaijan Parsa
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Kidney damage can result from various factors, leading to structural and functional changes in the kidney. Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a sudden decline in kidney function, while chronic kidney disease involves a gradual deterioration lasting more than 3 months. Mechanisms of renal injury include impaired microcirculation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLTs) are inflammatory substances contributing to tissue damage. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, has shown potential renoprotective effects in experimental models of kidney injury.

Methods:

The authors conducted a scoping review using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies investigating the impact of montelukast on renal diseases. Articles published until 2022 were included and evaluated for quality. Data extraction and analysis were performed based on predetermined inclusion criteria.

Results:

The scoping review included 30 studies from 8 countries. Montelukast demonstrated therapeutic effects in various experimental models of nephrotoxicity and AKI induced by agents such as cisplatin, lipopolysaccharide, diclofenac, amikacin, Escherichia coli, cyclosporine, methotrexate, cobalt-60 gamma radiation, doxorubicin, and cadmium. Studies involving human subjects with nephrotic syndrome, pyelonephritis, and other renal diseases also reported positive outcomes with montelukast treatment. Montelukast exhibited anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and neutrophil-inhibiting properties, leading to improved kidney function and histopathological changes.

Conclusions:

Montelukast shows promise as a renoprotective medication, particularly in early-stage kidney injury. Its ability to mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, and neutrophil infiltration contributes to its therapeutic effects. Further research is needed to explore the clinical applications and mechanisms underlying the renoprotective action of montelukast.
A rare presentation of hydatid cyst disease at the thigh: a case report from Syria
Authors: Ahmad Aya , Janoud Omran , Balouli Maram , Alnasan Abdullah , Ahmad Basel , Ahmad Mohamad
Published: April 2024

Introduction and importance:

Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus and is recognized as a significant health issue in many countries, particularly Mediterranean countries. Hydatid cysts in the musculoskeletal system are rare, with only a few reported cases. These usually occur as secondary cysts resulting from the hematogenous dissemination from primary sites.

Case presentation:

This paper reports a case of a 77-year-old man with a mass in his thigh that had been increasing dramatically in size for 4 months with no signs of local inflammation, fever, or any other symptoms. Findings from an MRI were consistent with a large abscess, so a true-cut biopsy was taken before referral. A pathological study after surgery revealed the lesion was a hydatid cyst, and a previously performed biopsy caused a rupture of the cyst.

Clinical discussion:

Misdiagnosing hydatid cysts, especially in non-usual areas, may lead to an unwelcome biopsy and consequences.

Conclusion:

This case report highlights the importance of considering hydatid cysts when encountering any enlarging mass, regardless of its location or rate of growth.
The silent threat: investigating the incidence and clinical characteristics of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in women from tertiary care hospitals of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Nyakio Olivier , Cakwira Hugues , Masimango Gaston , Kena Louison , Narayan Gaurang , Naaz Farheen , Mugenyi Nathan , Cyubahiro Vérité K. , Amani Toussaint , Balagizi Fabien , Suvvari Tarun Kumar , Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Akilimali Aymar
Published: April 2024

Background:

Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are medical conditions that can cause severe complications, such as maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the incidence and characteristics of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.

Methods:

From July 2021 to July 2022, the authors conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care hospital in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). Out of 1236 total deliveries, 40 patients aged 18–35 years with pre-eclampsia and/or eclampsia with complete data in medical records were studied.

Results:

In the studied group, 3.23% of women (40 cases) experienced pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, with the majority (75%, 30 cases) occurring before childbirth. Among these, 62.5% (25 cases) were first-time mothers. The main complications observed in the mothers included HELLP syndrome and placental abruption, whereas their newborns frequently exhibited delayed in-utero growth. Caesarean delivery was the prevalent birthing method, and the treatments most often used for effective management were magnesium sulfate and nicardipine.

Conclusion:

The research highlights the common occurrence of eclampsia among patients in the DRC and stresses the critical need for prompt detection of hypertensive complications during pregnancy, aiming to reduce negative health impacts on both mothers and their children.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum of the Genitalia, Anus, and Perineum: Two Case Reports and a Review of Published Cases
Authors: Choe Sharon I. , Shettig Abigale , Kody Shannon , Vague Morgan , Hoff Ashley , Rios-Duarte Jorge A. , Ortega-Loayza Alex G.
Published: April 2024

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an inflammatory skin disease that presents with rapidly progressive ulcers with violaceous, undermined borders. Despite most commonly affecting the lower extremities, pyoderma gangrenosum can rarely present in the genital, anal, and perineal regions. We describe 2 cases and report a review of published cases.
TRPS1 is a Highly Sensitive Marker for Breast Cancer
Authors: Lennartz Maximilian , Löhr Neele , Höflmayer Doris , Dwertmann Rico Sebastian , von Bargen Clara , Kind Simon , Reiswich Viktor , Viehweger Florian , Lutz Florian , Bertram Veit , Fraune Christoph , Gorbokon Natalia , Weidemann Sören , Blessin Niclas C. , Hube-Magg Claudia , Menz Anne , Schlichter Ria , Krech Till , Hinsch Andrea , Burandt Eike , Sauter Guido , Simon Ronald , Kluth Martina , Marx Andreas H. , Lebok Patrick , Dum David , Minner Sarah , Jacobsen Frank , Clauditz Till S. , Bernreuther Christian , Steurer Stefan
Published: April 2024

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 (TRPS1) is a nuclear protein highly expressed in breast epithelial cells. TRPS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been suggested as a breast cancer marker. To determine the diagnostic and prognostic utility of TRPS1 IHC, tissue microarrays containing 19,201 samples from 152 different tumor types and subtypes were analyzed. GATA3 IHC was performed in a previous study. TRPS1 staining was seen in 86 of 152 tumor categories with 36 containing at least one strongly positive case. TRPS1 staining predominated in various types of breast carcinomas (51%-100%), soft tissue tumors (up to 100%), salivary gland tumors (up to 46%), squamous cell carcinomas (up to 35%), and gynecological cancers (up to 40%). TRPS1 positivity occurred in 1.8% of 1083 urothelial neoplasms. In invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, low TRPS1 expression was linked to high grade (P = 0.0547), high pT (P < 0.0001), nodal metastasis (P = 0.0571), loss of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression (P < 0.0001 each), and triple-negative status (P < 0.0001) but was unrelated to patient survival (P = 0.8016). In squamous cell carcinomas from 11 different sites, low TRPS1 expression was unrelated to tumor phenotype. Positivity for both TRPS1 and GATA3 occurred in 47.4% to 100% of breast cancers, up to 30% of salivary gland tumors, and 29 (0.3%) of 9835 tumors from 134 other cancer entities. TRPS1 IHC has high utility for the identification of cancers of breast (or salivary gland) origin, especially in combination with GATA3. The virtual absence of TRPS1 positivity in urothelial neoplasms is useful for the distinction of GATA3-positive urothelial carcinoma from breast cancer.
Hippocampus diffusivity abnormalities in classical trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Hanycz Shaun Andrew , Noorani Alborz , Hung Peter Shih-Ping , Walker Matthew R. , Zhang Ashley B. , Latypov Timur H. , Hodaie Mojgan
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Patients with chronic pain frequently report cognitive symptoms that affect memory and attention, which are functions attributed to the hippocampus. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder characterized by paroxysmal attacks of unilateral orofacial pain. Given the stereotypical nature of TN pain and lack of negative symptoms including sensory loss, TN provides a unique model to investigate the hippocampal implications of chronic pain. Recent evidence demonstrated that TN is associated with macrostructural hippocampal abnormalities indicated by reduced subfield volumes; however, there is a paucity in our understanding of hippocampal microstructural abnormalities associated with TN.

Objectives:

To explore diffusivity metrics within the hippocampus, along with its functional and structural subfields, in patients with TN.

Methods:

To examine hippocampal microstructure, we utilized diffusion tensor imaging in 31 patients with TN and 21 controls. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were segmented into hippocampal subfields and registered into diffusion-weighted imaging space. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were extracted for hippocampal subfields and longitudinal axis segmentations.

Results:

Patients with TN demonstrated reduced FA in bilateral whole hippocampi and hippocampal body and contralateral subregions CA2/3 and CA4, indicating microstructural hippocampal abnormalities. Notably, patients with TN showed significant correlation between age and hippocampal FA, while controls did not exhibit this correlation. These effects were driven chiefly by female patients with TN.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that TN is associated with microstructural hippocampal abnormalities, which may precede and potentially be temporally linked to volumetric hippocampal alterations demonstrated previously. These findings provide further evidence for the role of the hippocampus in chronic pain and suggest the potential for targeted interventions to mitigate cognitive symptoms in patients with chronic pain.
Perceived Stress, Blood Biomarkers, and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults
Authors: Desai Pankaja , Ng Ted K.S. , Krueger Kristin R. , Wilson Robert S. , Evans Denis A. , Rajan Kumar B.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

There is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding how perceived stress may influence the relationship between serum-measured biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive decline.

Methods

This study consists of 1118 older adult participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) (60% Black participants and 63% female participants). Linear mixed effects regression models were conducted to examine the role of perceived stress in the association between three blood biomarkers: total tau (t-tau), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) on global cognitive decline. Stratified analysis by stress level was also conducted to evaluate the associations between each blood biomarker and baseline cognitive function and decline. All models adjusted for age, race, sex, education, time, and their interactions with time.

Results

The interaction of stress, NfL concentration, and time was statistically significant on global cognition (β = −0.064 [SE = 0.028], p = .023) and on episodic memory (β = −0.097 [SE = 0.036], p = .007).

Conclusions

Greater stress level worsens the association between high NfL concentration and cognitive decline. Stress management interventions may be helpful to reduce the rate of cognitive decline in individuals with high concentrations of NfL.
Artificial Intelligence in Geriatric Rehabilitation
Authors: Pedersini Paolo , Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
Published: April 2024

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in geriatric rehabilitation offers a novel approach to elderly care. This article explores how AI can alleviate pain and enhance the quality of care for aging populations. Machine learning algorithms aid in customizing rehabilitation programs, monitoring progress, and predicting individual patient needs. Furthermore, AI facilitates clinical data management, streamlining health care processes and ultimately improving the overall well-being of elderly patients.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Aerobic Exercise for the Treatment of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Sánchez Marina Castel , Prieto Rafael , Maffezzoli Gioel Luca , Frumento Lorenzo , Aguilera José Francisco Torneno , Pérez José Luis Alonso , Reina Maria Dolores Sosa
Published: April 2024

Objective:

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with aerobic exercise in the short, medium, and long term.

Methods:

Two-arms triple-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty-eight subjects with a diagnosis of nonspecific chronic low back pain. Experimental group will receive real-tDCS and aerobic exercise and control group will be treated with sham tDCS and aerobic exercise. Pain intensity, pressure pain, disability, kinesiophobia, quality of life, catastrophism, heart rate variability, and critical flicker fusion frequency will be measured before and after each session and at 3- and 6-month follow-up.

Discussion and Conclusion:

This study introduces the novel measurement of heart rate variability and cortical arousal to explore their potential in understanding the effects of tDCS on pain modulation.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05830851. Date of registration: April 14, 2023.
Ventricle-specific myocardial protein and metabolite characterisation in healthy humans, with differential regulation in end-stage cardiomyopathies
Authors: Hunter Benjamin , Li Mengbo , Parker Benjamin L. , Koay Yen Chin , Harney Dylan J. , Pearson Evangeline , Cao Jacob , Chen Gavin T. , Guneratne Oneka , Smyth Gordon K. , Larance Mark , O’Sullivan John F. , Lal Sean
Published: April 2024

Background

The left and right ventricles of the human heart are functionally and developmentally distinct such that genetic or acquired insults can cause dysfunction in one or both ventricles resulting in heart failure. The left ventricle is most clinically relevant in research as its dysfunction is the most dominant cause of heart failure whereby right ventricular involvement can exacerbate the condition. However, the molecular composition of the left ventricular adult human myocardium relative to the right ventricle in health and in heart failure has yet to be thoroughly explored.

Methods

We performed unbiased quantitative mass spectrometry analyses on the myocardium of pre-mortem cryopreserved non-diseased human hearts to compare the proteome (n = 27) and metabolome (n = 25) between the normal left and right ventricles. We then characterised the proteome and metabolome of the left and right ventricles within end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 14 and 13) and ischaemic cardiomyopathy (n = 19-17), respectively. All analyses featured a mix of paired and unpaired samples. Intra-condition comparative analyses were performed to identify differences of molecular abundance between the ventricles, and intra-ventricular analyses were performed between sexes of non-diseased hearts. Novel and innovative techniques were used to merge datasets, increasing the sample size and statistical power. KEGG and Gene Ontology databases were used to perform enrichment analyses and inform metabolic trends.

Results

Constituents of gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid catabolism, the citrate cycle and oxidative phosphorylation were down-regulated in the non-diseased left ventricle, while glycogenesis, pyruvate and ketone metabolism were up-regulated. Inter-ventricular significance of these metabolic pathways was then found to be diminished within end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy and ischaemic cardiomyopathy, while heart failure-associated pathways were increased in the left ventricle relative to the right within ischaemic cardiomyopathy, such as fluid sheer-stress, increased glutamine to glutamate ratio, and down-regulation of contractile proteins, indicating a left ventricular pathological bias.

Conclusions

The inter-ventricular molecular analyses within this study aides to fill a critical gap in our understanding of the metabolic differences between the human left and right ventricular myocardium and may be used to inform future therapeutic targets for heart failure processes in one or both the ventricles.
Long-term outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation lasting ≥ 3 years
Authors: Zhong Zikan , An Jie , Shen Jiaqi , Zhang Qitong , Wu Xiaoyu , Gao Longzhe , Wei Yong , Chen Songwen , Lu Xiaofeng , Xu Juan , Ding Yu , Cheng Cheng , Cai Lidong , Xu Min , Liu Shaowen , Zhou Genqing
Published: April 2024

Background

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LSP-AF) remains challenging, especially in patients with very long atrial fibrillation (AF) duration.

Objective

To evaluate the long-term outcomes of RFCA in patients with LSP-AF lasting ≥ 3 years, and to identify predictors for AF recurrence.

Methods

This retrospective study included 151 patients with LSP-AF undergoing first-time RFCA. Procedure was performed with wide antral pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) based individualized ablation strategy, guided by ablation index (AI). Patients were followed up for ≥ 18 months, and recurrence predictors were determined.

Results

Enrolled patients (mean persistent AF duration: 7.6 ± 5.2 years) had a mean age of 65.3 ± 9.2 years and the median left atrial diameter (LAD) was 45.0 (42.0-49.0) mm. PVI was achieved in all, followed by modified left posterior wall isolation (PWI) in 147 patients. Additional ablation after PWI was performed in 88 patients. During the 18-month follow-up, the overall success rate was 74.2%. Multivariate analysis identified AF duration (HR 1.078; 95% CI 1.020-1.139; P = 0.007), LAD (HR 1.069; 95% CI 1.010-1.132; P = 0.022), and pre-procedure CRP (HR 1.063; 95% CI 1.010-1.117; P = 0.018) as independent predictors of AF recurrence. Among patients with PVI and PWI, those without empirical additional ablation (EAA) had a lower but not statistically significant recurrence rate (18.6%) than those with EAA (31.8%, P = 0.076).

Conclusion

Among LSP-AF patients, the long-term efficacy of AI-guided RFCA is acceptable, especially in selected patients. However, EAA after PVI and PWI may be unhelpful.
A Smaller Right Ventricle Results in Poorer Exercise Performance in Adolescents After Surgical Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Mhanna Christiane , Kourpas Katerina , Tsuda Takeshi
Published: April 2024

Background

Chronic pulmonary valve insufficiency frequently results in right ventricular (RV) dilatation and dysfunction in surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF). Correlations between peak exercise performance and progression of RV remodeling in rTOF remain elusive.

Methods

Patients with rTOF were reviewed with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Peak and submaximal CPET parameters were obtained. Both RV and left ventricular (LV) volume were measured in end-systole (RVESV and LVESV, respectively) and end-diastole (LVEDV and RVEDV, respectively). Stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and pulmonary regurgitant fraction (RF) were calculated.

Results

Thirty-seven patients (17 ± 5 years; 22 females; 5 with pulmonary atresia and 2 with absent pulmonary valve) were studied. Pulmonary RF was 28.3 ± 13.4%. Indexed RVEDV was 132 ± 33 mL/m2. Ejection fraction of RV and LV was 50.3 ± 7.8% and 59.1 ± 6.1%, respectively. Peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) was 71 ± 16% of predicted maximum value. A strong positive correlation was noted between CMR data including RVEDV, RVSV and LVSV, and pVO2. Higher RVEDV was correlated with higher RVSV and LVSV and higher pVO2, whereas lower RVEDV was associated with lower RVSV and LVSV and lower pVO2.

Conclusion

In rTOF, smaller RV resulted in reduced SV of both ventricles and significantly lower pVO2, whereas larger RV provided higher SV and higher pVO2 regardless of RVEF or RF. Smaller RV in rTOF may represent a unique pathological entity responsible for reduced exercise performance, which requires special consideration when determining further surgical interventions.

Clinical Perspective

What is New?

We characterized a novel clinical entity after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with a relatively small right ventricle (RV) and decreased exercise performance. It is likely due to limited RV stroke volume adjustment in response to peak exercise affecting left ventricular (LV) stroke volume. Although the pathogenesis of this smaller RV remains undetermined, our results shed light on the diverse clinical phenotypes after surgical repair of TOF.

What are the Clinical Implications?

Pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) is a treatment option for progressive RV dilatation and/or symptoms of exercise intolerance related to persistent pulmonary valve insufficiency in repaired TOF. Our data demonstrated that poor exercise performance was more frequently associated with a smaller RV size rather than dilated RV. Indication for PVR in repaired TOF needs to be carefully assessed in symptomatic patients with non-enlarged RV.
X-ray Crystallographic and Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Studies Confirm Alternate Kinetic Models for Homolog Insulin Monomers
Authors: Ayan Esra , Türk Miray , Tatlı Özge , Bostan Sevginur , Telek Elek , Dingiloğlu Baran , Dogan Büşra Züleyha , Alp Muhammed Ikbal , Katı Ahmet , Dinler-Doğanay Gizem , DeMirci Hasan
Published: April 2024

Despite the crucial role of various insulin analogs in achieving satisfactory glycemic control, a comprehensive understanding of their in-solution dynamic mechanisms still holds the potential to further optimize rapid insulin analogs, thus significantly improving the well-being of individuals with Type 1 Diabetes. Here, we employed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to decipher the molecular dynamics of newly modified and functional insulin analog. A comparative analysis of H/D dynamics demonstrated that the modified insulin exchanges deuterium atoms faster and more extensively than the intact insulin aspart. Additionally, we present new insights derived from our 2.5 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of modified hexamer insulin analog at ambient temperature. Furthermore, we obtained a distinctive side-chain conformation of the Asn3 residue on the B chain (AsnB3) by operating a comparative analysis with a previously available cryogenic rapid-acting insulin structure (PDB_ID: 4GBN). The experimental conclusions have demonstrated compatibility with modified insulin’s distinct cellular activity, comparably to aspart. Additionally, the hybrid structural approach combined with computational analysis employed in this study provides novel insight into the structural dynamics of newly modified and functional insulin vs insulin aspart monomeric entities. It allows further molecular understanding of intermolecular interrelations driving dissociation kinetics and, therefore, a fast action mechanism.
Sub-type specific connectivity between CA3 pyramidal neurons may underlie their sequential activation during sharp waves
Authors: Sammons Rosanna P. , Masserini Stefano , Moreno-Velasquez Laura , Metodieva Verjinia D. , Cano Gaspar , Sannio Andrea , Orlando Marta , Maier Nikolaus , Kempter Richard , Schmitz Dietmar
Published: April 2024

The CA3 region of the hippocampus is the major site of sharp wave initiation, a form a network activity involved in learning and memory. Highly recurrent connectivity within its excitatory network is thought to underlie processes involved in memory formation. Recent work has indicated that distinct subpopulations of pyramidal neurons within this region may contribute differently to network activity, including sharp waves, in CA3. Exactly how these contributions may arise is not yet known. Here, we disentangle the local connectivity between two distinct CA3 cell types: thorny and athorny pyramidal cells. We find an asymmetry in the connectivity between these two populations, with athorny cells receiving strong input from both athorny and thorny cells. Conversely, the thorny cell population receives very little input from the athorny population. Computational modelling suggests that this connectivity scheme may determine the sequential activation of these cell types during large network events such as sharp waves.
Prenatal carrier screening for spinal muscular atrophy among Thai pregnant women
Authors: Tangshewinsirikul Chayada , Panburana Panyu , Prakobpanich Maneerat , Chareonsirisuthigul Takol , Dejsuphong Donniphat , Tim-aroon Thipwimol , Khongkhatithum Chaiyos , Sura Thanyachai , Tunteeratum Atchara , Wattanasirichaigoon Duangrurdee
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To investigate the acceptance rate for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) carrier screening among Thai pregnant women, their attitudes toward the prenatal screening, carrier rate, and the frequencies ofSMN2copy numbers.

Materials and methods

Singleton pregnant women who aged ≥18 years, with a gestational age of ≤14 weeks at their first visit, were invited to participate the study. All participants completed the questionnaire: Section I - demographic data. Then, they received a pre-test group counseling, followed by an offer of SMA carrier testing at no cost and completion of the questionnaire: Section II - awareness and attitudes toward the screening and Section III – reasons for their choosing ‘to have’ or ‘not to have’ the screening done. Only those having the test done and undergoing post-test counseling were asked to complete the questionnaire: Section IV – attitudes toward the screening process.

Results

We found a high acceptance rate for carrier screening at 91.4% (181/198 participants), a carrier rate of 2.2% (1 in 45), and high frequency of ≤2 copies ofSMN2(98.3%). The preexisting knowledge about SMA was low (30.8%). The majority of participants became realized about the severity of SMA and its burden to the families (94.4%) and agreed to have fetal diagnosis if they were found to be a couple-at-risk (92.4%). Most participants (98%) suggested that SMA carrier screening should be offered to all pregnant women and that the cost of testing should be covered by the government and/or by their health coverage schemes (95.5%).

Conclusion

The high acceptance rate and positive attitude toward prenatal SMA carrier was demonstrated among Thai pregnant women. Data from the present study highlight urgent needs for endorsement from professional society and public health policy in advancing the SMA carrier screening program in Thailand.