bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aetiology of caprine footrot in Extremadura region, Spain
Authors: Lacombe-Antoneli Angela , Píriz S. , Vadillo S.
Published: August 2006

The present study reports on the location of major foci of footrot in goats in the Extremadura region of Spain by the determination of locally occurring strictly anaerobic microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis and development of this disease. The most commonly isolated microorganisms belonged to the genera Dichelobacter, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Prevotella; these were found in conjunction with other species of minor importance. The species most frequently isolated were Fusobacterium necrophorum (40%), Dichelobacter nodosus (31.7%), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (21.1%) and Prevotella melaninogenica (12.9%). Virulence factors identified in the isolated microorganisms included haemolysins, elastases and lecithinases, which enabled the organisms involved to initiate and/or aggravate the disease. Serotyping was performed for Dichelobacter nodosus isolates, since this species is responsible for triggering the process of infection. A and C were the most frequently isolated serovarieties (representing 40.7% and 25.9% of the cases, respectively).
Clinical manifestations of canine babesiosis in Hungary (63 cases)
Authors: Máthé Á. , Vörös K. , Papp L. , Reiczigel J.
Published: August 2006

Clinical observations ofBabesia canisinfection in 63 dogs during a 1-year period are summarised, demonstrating the pathogenicity of theBabesiastrain endemic in Hungary. Most patients had babesiosis in the spring and autumn, correlating with the seasonal activity of ticks. Male animals appeared in higher numbers, probably due to an overrepresentation of outdoor dogs. Uncomplicated babesiosis was diagnosed in 32 cases. The disease affected dogs of any age in this study. Symptoms were similar to those published from other parts of the world: lethargy, fever, splenomegaly, pallor, icterus, haemoglobinuria and presence of ticks were the most common observations. Thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and neutropenia were frequent haemogram changes. Imidocarb appeared to be highly effective in eliminating theBabesiainfection. Thirty-one animals demonstrated babesiosis with complications. Most Rottweilers (7/9) developed complicated disease. Old age was a risk factor for multiple complications. Multiple organ manifestations had poor prognosis. Hepatopathy (44%), pancreatitis (33%), acute renal failure (ARF; 31%) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC; 24%) were frequent complications, while immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA; 10%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS; 6%) and cerebral babesiosis (3%) were rarely observed. There was a significant difference between the mean age of dogs having uncomplicated disease, babesiosis with a single complication and babesiosis with multiple complications (3.4, 4.8 and 8.6 years, respectively, p < 0.001). The recovery rate (78, 68 and 25%, respectively, p = 0.005) and mortality rate (3, 21 and 67%, respectively, p < 0.001) also tended to differ significantly in these groups. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and DIC are two possible pathways leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in babesiosis. DIC was found to predict MODS more sensitively in this study than SIRS: there were 6 animals developing MODS out of 11 identified with DIC, while only 5 dogs developed MODS out of 22 having SIRS.
Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-rich Environment
Authors: Caraher William R. , Nakassis Dimitri , Pettigrew David K.
Published: August 2006

Archaeological survey in the eastern Mediterranean has become increasingly intensive over the last 20 years, producing greater and more diverse data for smaller units of space. While complex, siteless data sets have allowed more sophisticated reconstructions of natural and cultural regional histories, the employment of more intensive methods has refocused the scope of Mediterranean surveys from region to ‘micro-region’. Such increasingly myopic approaches have been criticized for their failure to address research questions framed by a large-scale, regional perspective and the analytical categories of ‘settlement’ and ‘site’. This paper uses results from a survey in southern Greece to show how artifact-based approaches make valuable contributions to ‘big-picture’ historical and archaeological issues in a Mediterranean context.
The Language and Literature of Wales
Authors: Morris Edward D.
Published: August 2006

Gentlemen of the Association:—As vessels of various lines and nationalities dip their colors in graceful recognition when they pass each other on the high seas, so those who represent any single department of human knowledge may well accept every occasion for the manifestation of friendly courtesies toward such as are the acknowledged representatives of learning in other spheres, however remote or foreign in outward appearance. For, as it is one and the same ocean which washes the shores of islands and continents far distant from each other, and binds them into a physical unity otherwise unattainable, so this vaster ocean of human knowledge, with its cosmic commerce of thought and attainment, makes friends of all who traverse its magnificent ranges, whatever cargo they may carry, and whatever be the port toward which they are hastening.
The Geste of Auberi le Bourgoing
Authors: McCabe Thomas
Published: August 2006

The ‘Geste’ of Auberi le Bourgoing, or Bourgignon (it is variously written) is contained in three MSS. all of which are in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. The first and most important of these is No. 860, Fonds français, containing besides our poem a series of other ‘Gestes’ of leading importance. The ‘Auberi’ of this MS. is the most lengthy of the three, it numbers some 27,264 lines and is in excellent condition except that two or three of the last folios are wanting. The MS. is of about 1250 and is divided into two principal branches: that of Auberi and that of Lambert d'orridon; Auberi, however, being the most prominent character in both. The beginning of the second, which might escape attention unless one were reading the whole, is on the sixty-ninth folio of the poem which itself commences on page one hundred and thirty-four of the entire codex. A second MS. is No. 859, Fonds français, also of about 1250. It is shorter than the first, containing a little over 23,000 verses. The MS. is an interesting one. It was damaged in some way but has been very deftly repaired. The fly-leaves consist of portions of a Code of Justinian and of a book of devotions, both in Latin; its second branch, that of Lambert d'Orridon, commences on folio ninety-nine. The third MS. is No. 24,368, Fonds français, and contains 22,648 verses, ending, instead of the usual explicit, with the note: “ce fut fet l'an de grace MCC IIII XX XVIII le prochain mardy devant la nativité.” The second branch of this commences on folio fifty-two. There have been other MSS. of this ‘Geste’ but they are lost. C. Fauchet, the sixteenth-century philologist and critic, in a note he makes on the margin of folio one hundred and thirty-six of MSS. 860, speaks of another which has disappeared. Immanual Bekker in 1829, speaks of “eine dem Herrn Professor von der Hagan gehörige Pergamenthandschrift” of ‘Auberi,’ but where this may now be I was not able to discover (vide the preface to Bekker's ‘Roman von Fierabras,’ Berlin 1829). A search which I made in the manuscript catalogues of the Arsenal and Mazarin libraries and in those of the Department libraries which I. could find in the Bibliothèque Nationale, did not reveal anything further upon the subject.
II. Italian Poetry and Patriotism at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Page Frederick M.
Published: August 2006

The subject of the present paper was chosen some time ago. As to why a preference was shown for this and not for something touching on the better known, more widely appreciated French and German, would lead me to answer with as much justice, but perhaps the same amount of human nature, as that other enlightened citizen of another free country: “I am tired of hearing Aristides called the Just”—weary of learning that in spite of Volapük, the revised English e tutti quanti, French is still the language of the world, Parisian the language of the Gods; worn out by the constant refrain, that German is the “Open-Sesame” to all questions, physical, metaphysical, theological, psychical. This feeling is legitimate not only with me, as Montaigne says, “simply because it is it and I am I” but from a wider point of view, including all who sympathize with struggling humanity, and the above-named title suggests a question replete with interest for its historical importance as well as its literary claims and one that cannot fail to be attractive; for, what was Italy's literary position at the beginning of this century, when England, Germany, France, even Spain and America were sending into the arena champion after champion who recoiled before no question the human brain can propound ? What could be expected of a country overrun by foreign troops, split up into petty states, down-trodden and oppressed, without authority in the councils of Europe, without commerce, without colonies ? Could it ever repeat its superb record, still retain the ancient stamp and not belie Leopardi's proud claim, “Ancor per forza italian si noma, quanto ha più grande la mortal natura?”
Discrete limit theorems for general Dirichlet series. III
Authors: Laurinčikas A. , Macaitienė R.
Published: August 2006

Here we prove a limit theorem in the sense of the weak convergence of probability measures in the space of meromorphic functions for a general Dirichlet series. The explicit form of the limit measure in this theorem is given.
On the computation of scaling coefficients of Daubechies' wavelets
Authors: Černá Dana , Finěk Václav
Published: August 2006

In the present paper, Daubechies' wavelets and the computation of their scaling coefficients are briefly reviewed. Then a new method of computation is proposed. This method is based on the work [7] concerning a new orthonormality condition and relations among scaling moments, respectively. For filter lengths up to 16, the arising system can be explicitly solved with algebraic methods like Gröbner bases. Its simple structure allows one to find quickly all possible solutions.
Matrix problems and stable homotopy types of polyhedra
Authors: Drozd Yuriy
Published: August 2006

This is a survey of the results on stable homotopy types of polyhedra of small dimensions, mainly obtained by H.-J. Baues and the author [3, 5, 6]. The proofs are based on the technique of matrix problems (bimodule categories).
A survey of certain results on strong approximation by orthogonal series
Authors: Leindler László
Published: August 2006

This is a survey of results in a particular direction of the theory of strong approximation by orthogonal series, related mostly with author's contributions to the subject.
Generalizations of coatomic modules
Authors: Koşan M. , Harmanci Abdullah
Published: August 2006

For a ring R and a right R-module M, a submodule N of M is said to be δ-small in M if, whenever N+X=M with M/X singular, we have X=M. Let ℘ be the class of all singular simple modules. Then δ(M)=Σ{ L≤ M| L is a δ-small submodule of M} = Re
jm(℘)=∩{ N⊂ M: M/N∈℘. We call M δ-coatomic module whenever N≤ M and M/N=δ(M/N) then M/N=0. And R is called right (left) δ-coatomic ring if the right (left) R-module R
R(RR) is δ-coatomic. In this note, we study δ-coatomic modules and ring. We prove M=⊕i=1n Mi is δ-coatomic if and only if each M
i (i=1,…, n) is δ-coatomic.
Surgical Navigation in the Anterior Skull Base Using 3-Dimensional Endoscopy and Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Bartholomew Ryan A. , Zhou Haoyin , Boreel Maud , Suresh Krish , Gupta Saksham , Mitchell Margaret B. , Hong Christopher , Lee Stella E. , Smith Timothy R. , Guenette Jeffrey P. , Corrales C. Eduardo , Jagadeesan Jayender
Published: March 2024

Importance

Image guidance is an important adjunct for endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. However, current systems require bulky external tracking equipment, and their use can interrupt efficient surgical workflow.

Objective

To evaluate a trackerless surgical navigation system using 3-dimensional (3D) endoscopy and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms in the anterior skull base.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This interventional deceased donor cohort study and retrospective clinical case study was conducted at a tertiary academic medical center with human deceased donor specimens and a patient with anterior skull base pathology.

Exposures

Participants underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal dissection and surface model reconstruction from stereoscopic video with registration to volumetric models segmented from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging.

Main Outcomes and Measures

To assess the fidelity of surface model reconstruction and accuracy of surgical navigation and surface-CT model coregistration, 3 metrics were calculated: reconstruction error, registration error, and localization error.

Results

In deceased donor models (n = 9), high-fidelity surface models of the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus were reconstructed from stereoscopic video and coregistered to corresponding volumetric CT models. The mean (SD; range) reconstruction, registration, and localization errors were 0.60 (0.24; 0.36-0.93), 1.11 (0.49; 0.71-1.56) and 1.01 (0.17; 0.78-1.25) mm, respectively. In a clinical case study of a patient who underwent a 3D endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of a tubercular meningioma, a high-fidelity surface model of the posterior wall of the sphenoid was reconstructed from intraoperative stereoscopic video and coregistered to a volumetric preoperative fused CT magnetic resonance imaging model with a root-mean-square error of 1.38 mm.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this study suggest that SLAM algorithm–based endoscopic endonasal surgery navigation is a novel, accurate, and trackerless approach to surgical navigation that uses 3D endoscopy and SLAM-based algorithms in lieu of conventional optical or electromagnetic tracking. While multiple challenges remain before clinical readiness, a SLAM algorithm–based endoscopic endonasal surgery navigation system has the potential to improve surgical efficiency, economy of motion, and safety.
The relationships of sexually harassing behaviors to organizational context factors and working men's dark personality traits
Authors: Pryor John B. , Stutterheim Sarah E. , Lemmens Lotte H. J. M.
Published: March 2024

This research examined the roles of organization contexts factors and dark personality traits in men's (N = 600) self‐reports of sexually harassing behaviors toward women in the workplace. Four organization context factors (a permissive climate, a masculinized job/gender context, male/female contact, and Masculinity Contest Culture [MCC] Norms) and four dark personality traits (psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism) were examined. While only one organizational context factor, MCC Norms correlated with men's admissions of sexually harassing behaviors at work, all four dark personality traits evidenced significant correlations. In a multiple regression analysis, MCC Norms emerged again as the single organizational context predictor and psychopathy as the single personality predictor of men's admissions of sexually harassing behaviors at work. Moderation analyses showed that a masculinized job/gender context interacted with psychopathy to produce more admissions of sexually harassing behaviors. Mediation analyses showed that psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism had indirect relationships with admissions of sexually harassing behaviors through MCC Norms. Higher levels on these traits were related to higher levels of these workplace norms which, in turn, predicted more admissions of sexually harassing behavior. This research sheds new light on how both organizational contexts and enduring personal characteristics of men are related to sexual harassment in the workplace.
Examining motivation and self‐regulated online learning strategy model: A measurement invariance analysis among college students in China during COVID‐19
Authors: Tang Shifang , Wang Zhuoying , Lu Xiuhong , Zhang Lei , Haggerty Maya
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the motivated and self‐regulation strategies for online learning (MSSOL) instrument. Data were collected from a sample of 1100 college students from a Chinese university. Factor analysis revealed favorable psychometric properties of the MSSOL. Furthermore, strong evidence was found to support the configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across gender groups, indicating the appropriate utilization of the MSSOL in accurately assessing online English learning motivation and self‐regulated learning (SRL) strategies among Chinese college students of both genders. This study represents a significant advancement in the measurement of motivation and SRL in the context of online English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction, particularly in light of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Implications for future research are discussed.
Microfluidic Chip‐Assisted Upconversion Luminescence Biosensing Platform for Point‐of‐Care Virus Diagnostics
Authors: Liu Yuan , Lao Xinyue , Wong Man‐Chung , Song Menglin , Lai Huang , Wang Pui , Ma Yingjin , Li Lihua , Yang Mo , Chen Honglin , Hao Jianhua
Published: March 2024

Epidemics caused by multiple viruses continue to emerge, which have brought a terrible impact on human society. Identification of viral infections with high sensitivity and portability is of significant importance for the screening and management of diseases caused by viruses. Herein, a microfluidic chip (MFC)‐assisted upconversion luminescence biosensing platform is designed and fabricated for point‐of‐care virus detection. Upconversion nanoparticles with excellent stability are successfully synthesized as luminescent agents for optical signal generation in the portable virus diagnostic platform. The relevant investigation results illustrate that the MFC‐assisted virus diagnostic platform possesses outstanding performance such as good integration, high sensitivity (1.12 pg mL−1), ease of use, and portability. In addition, clinical sample test result verifies its more prominent virus diagnostic properties than commercially available rapid test strips. All of these thrilling capabilities imply that the designed portable virus diagnostic platform has great potential for future virus detection applications.
Van der Waals Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Cho YongDeok , Park Sung Hun , Kwon Min , Kim Hyeon Ho , Huh Ji‐Hyeok , Lee Seungwoo
Published: March 2024

A general guiding principle for colloidal crystallization is to tame the attractive enthalpy such that it slightly overwhelms the repulsive interaction. As‐synthesized colloids are generally designed to retain a strong repulsive potential for the high stability of suspensions, encoding appropriate attractive potentials into colloids has been key to their crystallization. Despite the myriad of interparticle attractions for colloidal crystallization, the van der Waals (vdW) force remains unexplored. Here, it is shown that the implementation of gold cores into silica colloids and the resulting vdW force can reconfigure the pair potential well depth to the optimal range between −1 and −4 kBT at tens of nanometer‐scale colloidal distances. As such, colloidal crystals with a distinct liquid gap can be formed, which is evidenced by photonic bandgap‐based diffractive colorization.
CO Cofeeding Affects Product Distribution in CH3Cl Coupling over ZSM‐5 Zeolite: Pressure Twists the Plot
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Vanni Matteo , Wu Xiangkun , Hemberger Patrick , Bodi Andras , Mitchell Sharon , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier
Published: March 2024

C1 coupling reactions over zeolite catalysts are central to sustainable chemical production strategies. However, questions persist regarding the involvement of CO in ketene formation, and the impact of this elusive oxygenate intermediate on reactivity patterns. Using operando photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (PEPICO), we investigate the role of CO in methyl chloride conversion to hydrocarbons (MCTH), a prospective process for methane valorization with a reaction network akin to methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH) but without oxygenate intermediates. Our findings reveal the transformative role of CO in MCTH at the low pressures, inducing ketene formation in MCTH and boosting olefin production, confirming the Koch carbonylation step in the initial stages of C1 coupling. We uncover pressure‐dependent product distributions driven by CO‐induced ketene formation, and its subsequent desorption from the zeolite surface, which is enhanced at low pressure. Inspired by the above results, extension of the co‐feeding approach to CH3OH as another simple oxygenate showcases the additional potential for improved catalyst stability in MCTH at ambient pressure.
Predicting Lewis Acidity: Machine Learning the Fluoride Ion Affinity of p‐Block‐Atom‐Based Molecules
Authors: Sigmund Lukas M. , S. Shree Sowndarya , Albers Andreas , Erdmann Philipp , Paton Robert S. , Greb Lutz
Published: March 2024

“How strong is this Lewis acid?” is a question researchers often approach by calculating its fluoride ion affinity (FIA) with quantum chemistry. Here, we present FIA49k, an extensive FIA dataset with 48,986 data points calculated at the RI‐DSD‐BLYP‐D3(BJ)/def2‐QZVPP//PBEh‐3c level of theory, including 13 different p‐block atoms as the fluoride accepting site. The FIA49k dataset was used to train FIA‐GNN, two message‐passing graph neural networks, which predict gas and solution phase FIA values of molecules excluded from training with a mean absolute error of 14 kJ mol−1 (r2=0.93) from the SMILES string of the Lewis acid as the only input. The level of accuracy is notable, given the wide energetic range of 750 kJ mol−1 spanned by FIA49k. The model's value was demonstrated with four case studies, including predictions for molecules extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database and by reproducing results from catalysis research available in the literature. Weaknesses of the model are evaluated and interpreted chemically. FIA‐GNN and the FIA49k dataset can be reached via a free web app (www.grebgroup.de/fia‐gnn).
A waterborne polyurethane‐based noise‐reducing material and factors influencing its damping and noise‐reducing performance
Authors: Wu Xingchi , Cao Xuejuan , Miao Chengcheng , Yuan Ying , Yang Xiaoyu , Shu Li
Published: March 2024

In this study, damping coatings were used to dissipate low‐ and medium‐frequency (200–1600 Hz) traffic noise. A waterborne polyurethane/polyacrylate (WPUA) emulsion with superior damping and mechanical properties was prepared by blending polyurethane with commercial waterborne polyacrylate (SETAQUA 6754). The emulsion was combined with sound‐absorbing polyester fibers (PFs) to develop a PF/WPUA damping coating. SETAQUA 6754 improved the loss factor and mechanical properties of the waterborne resin. The composition ratio, molecular chain length, and crosslinking degree improved the damping properties of WPUA by modulating its glass transition temperature, molecular chain friction, hydrogen bonding, and molecular chain free volume. When the thickness of the waterborne damping coating was 1 cm, PF/WPUA reduced the noise by 7 dB at 200 Hz and 23 dB at 1600 Hz, indicating the effectiveness of the PF/WPUA coating in reducing reduce low‐ and medium‐frequency traffic noise.
Recent Advances in NHC‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Activation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Huang Yixian , Peng Xiaolin , Li Tingting
Published: March 2024

N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalysts have been employed as effective tools in the development of various reactions, which have made notable contributions in developing diverse reaction modes and generating significant functionalized molecules. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in the chemo‐ and regioselective activation of different aldehydes using NHCs, categorized into five parts based on the different activation modes. A brief conclusion and outlook is provided to stimulate the development of novel activation modes for accessing functional molecules.
Berechnung von Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken mit diskreten Schubverbindungsmitteln nach dem Kraftgrößenverfahren
Authors: Zhu Jianzhong
Published: March 2024

In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken mit diskontinuierlich angeordneten Verbindungsmitteln nach dem baustatischen Kraftgrößenverfahren mit wenig Rechenaufwand berechnet werden können. Die Rechenergebnisse stimmen exakt überein, wenn nach dem Stabwerksmodell die Pendelstäbe immer dicht angeordnet werden und ihre Dehnsteifigkeit immer größer wird. Zur Berechnung der Einheitszustände wird der Begriff Quermoment eingeführt und die analytischen Lösungen werden hergeleitet. Durch Überlagerungen gewinnt man einen guten Einblick in das komplizierte Tragverhalten von Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken.
Emotions and motivations of gambling: A comparison between scratch card, slot‐machines, and casino gamblers
Authors: Ferro Laura , Monaci Maria Grazia , Scacchi Luca
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In the last 20 years, gambling has become more and more widespread in Italy. The aim of the present study is to compare the motivations for gambling and the emotions felt while gambling in three different subgroups: scratch card gamblers, slot‐machine gamblers, and casino gamblers.

Methods

Three versions of a questionnaire have been distributed in a casino, in scratch card vendors, and slot‐machines venues. All versions included sociodemographic variables, the two‐question Lie‐Bet instrument, a scale for motivations toward gambling, and a list of positive and negative emotions felt while gambling.

Results

Participants (N = 425, F 47.5%) are gamblers potentially pathological (N = 162, 38.1%) and not (N = 263, 61.9%). Different games seem connected to different motivations and emotions: the scratch gamblers show less Coping and Social Motivation and experience less Negative Emotion. However, the motivation and emotion most intensely experienced by the gamblers (Enhancement and the Positive Emotions) do not show differences between the different types of games.

Conclusion

The pathological gamblers have a more intense and internal connection with the game (have more Enhancement and Coping motives, Positive and Negative Emotion). In sum, our findings support the theoretical hypothesis that gambling can be a tool for regulating emotions.
Time‐dependent systolic blood pressure within 72 h after endovascular treatment in large vessel occlusion stroke
Authors: Jiang Xin , Fang Jinghuan , Gao Lijie , Dong Shuju , Wang Jian , Hu Fayun , He Li
Published: March 2024

Background

The association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and ischemic stroke outcome has recently been proved to be varied at different time points within 72 h after acute ischemic stroke onset; however, the specific status of how SBP affects prognosis at different time points within 72 h after endovascular treatment (EVT) among patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) remains unclear.

Methods

Consecutive LVO patients treated with EVT were enrolled in our study. BP data were collected at eight time points (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h post‐EVT). Outcome measure of interest was functional dependence, which was defined as mRS >2 at 90 days.

Results

A total of 406 LVO patients treated with EVT from 2016 to 2022 were included. At 16 h after EVT, the relationship between SBP and functional dependence showed a nonlinear association. At other time points after EVT, SBP had linear relationships with functional dependence. Furthermore, higher SBP, as either a linear or quadratic term, had an adverse effect on functional outcome. In addition, three SBP trajectories were observed, and the high‐to‐low group was independently associated with functional dependence.

Conclusion

Taken together, higher SBP within the first 72 h after EVT has a time‐dependent association with adverse clinical outcomes. Optimal blood pressure management during the first 72 h after EVT may be important to improve clinical outcome.
Thrombolysis increases the risk of persistent headache attributed to ischemic stroke: A prospective observational study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Qu Wensheng , Ayata Cenk , Kong Qianqian , Zhao Jing , Zhou Xirui , He Dan , Yu Zhiyuan , Huang Hao , Luo Xiang
Published: March 2024

Background and objective

Persistent headache attributed to ischemic stroke (PHPIS) is increasingly acknowledged and was added to the 2018 ICHD‐3. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is a common treatment for acute ischemic stroke. It remains unknown whether this treatment influences the occurrence of a persistent poststroke headache. We aimed to describe the incidence and clinical characteristics of persistent headaches occurring after acute ischemic stroke in patients with or without IVT and explore the risk factors.

Methods

A prospective observational study was performed between the 234 individuals who received IVT and 226 individuals without IVT in 5 stroke units from Wuhan, China. Subjects were followed for 6 months after stroke via a structured questionnaire.

Results

Age, gender, vascular risk factors, and infarct location/ circulation distribution did not differ between the groups, although IVT group had higher initial NIHSS scores. At the end of the follow‐up, 12.0% (55/460) of subjects reported persistent headaches after ischemic stroke. The prevalence of persistent headache was significantly higher in the IVT group than non‐IVT group (15.4% vs. 8.4%, p = .021). Patients with younger age (p = .033; OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.939–0.997), female sex (p = .007; OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.269–4.520), posterior circulation infarct (p = .024; OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.110–4.311), and IVT (p = .005; OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.313–4.782) were more likely to develop persistent headache after ischemic stroke.

Conclusion

The potential influence of IVT should be considered when assessing persistent poststroke headache. Future studies will investigate the underlying mechanisms.
Sleep disorders and criminal behavior
Authors: Watson Clarence , Weiss Kenneth J.
Published: March 2024

Behaviors that would otherwise be considered criminal acts, but occur in the context of a sleep disorder, pose challenges to the traditional application of legal principles of criminal responsibility. Determining the degree to which consciousness is present during such behaviors becomes a necessary step in assigning criminal culpability. Historically, legal defense theories of unconsciousness, automatism, and insanity have been raised to negate culpability for parasomnia related behaviors. Accordingly, proper assessment of sleep disorders in the context of criminal charges becomes critical in assisting the functions of the justice system. This article reviews principles related to the legal tradition, expert assessment, and elements of expert testimony related to criminal behaviors and sleep disorders.
High‐yield recombinant adeno‐associated viral vector production by multivariate optimization of bioprocess and transfection conditions
Authors: Coplan Louis , Zhang Zhe , Ragone Nicole , Reeves John , Rodriguez Audrey , Shevade Aishwarya , Bak Hanne , Tustian Andrew D.
Published: March 2024

Recombinant adeno‐associated viral vectors (rAAVs) are one of the most used vehicles for gene therapy, with five rAAV therapeutics commercially approved by the FDA. To improve product yield, we optimized the suspension production process of rAAV8 vectors carrying a proprietary transgene using a commercially available transfection reagent, FectoVIR‐AAV. Using a miniaturized automated 250 mL scale bioreactor system, we generated models of vector genome (vg) titer, capsid (cp) titer, and Vg:Cp percentage from two multivariate design of experiment studies, one centered around bioreactor operating parameters, and another based on the transfection conditions. Using the optimized process returned from these models, the vector genome titer from the bioreactor was improved to beyond 1 × 1012 vg/mL. Five critical parameters were identified that had large effects on the pre‐purification vector quantity—the transfection pH, production pH, complexation time, viable cell density at transfection, and transfection reagent to DNA ratio. The optimized process was further assessed for its performance extending to six AAV serotypes, namely AAV1, AAV2, AAV5, AAV6, AAV8, and AAV9 carrying a transgene encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Five of the six serotypes returned higher vector genome titers than the control condition. These data suggest that the choice of transfection reagent is a major factor in improving vector yield. The multivariate design of experiment approach is a powerful way to optimize production processes, and the optimized process from one AAV vector can to some extent be generalized to other serotypes and transgenes to accelerate development timelines of new programs.
Human anatomy curriculum reform for undergraduate nursing students: An exploratory study
Authors: Yao Qianyin , Cheng Yatao , Wang Wen , Yu Xintian
Published: March 2024

This study aims to cultivate students' independent learning capacity, promote the interdisciplinary integration of “nursing + anatomy,” and establish a curriculum system to enhance applied nursing abilities based on project‐based teaching reform of everyday clinical nursing operations. A total of 151 second‐year (class of 2021) undergraduate nursing students at a Chinese university were selected for this study. By adjusting the curriculum, reconstructing the teaching contents, employing the “hybrid + flip” teaching method based on BOPPPS (bridge‐in, outcomes, preassessment, participatory learning, post‐evaluation, summary), and implementing a teaching system based on the “three re‐three linkage,” a Human Anatomy curriculum with a focus on basic anatomical knowledge was developed and connected with nursing clinical operation practice. The restructuring of the course content received unanimous recognition from both the teaching staff and the students. Notably, students in the class of 2021 achieved significantly higher grades than did students in the class of 2020, who received traditional face‐to‐face instruction (p < 0.01). These results indicate enhanced clinical application skills among the former group of students. following the implementation of instructional reforms during one semester, students exhibited notable improvements in motivation, program implementation, self‐management, and interpersonal communication. A statistically significant increase in overall scores for self‐directed learning capacities over the preinstructional period was observed (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the findings of the student satisfaction surveys reflected highly favorable perceptions of the enriched instructional format, high levels of course engagement, frequent faculty–student interactions, and augmented overall competence. The practical implementation of the reform in the context of a Human Anatomy course for undergraduate nursing students led to significant positive outcomes, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of teaching and learning. Students' clinical application abilities and self‐directed learning capacities notably improved, while overall satisfaction with the course remained high.
Successful treatment of refractory prurigo nodularis with abrocitinib
Authors: Sun Fang , Wu Zhenzhen
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Prurigo nodularis is frequently difficult to manage with conventional therapy. Given the pathogenesis and refractory nature, we demonstrate a case in which inhibition of JAK–STAT signaling may significantly improve prurigo nodularis. Based on the results, we would like to draw a conclusion that abrocitinib as an inhibitor of Jak is a promising choice for the treatment of prurigo nodularis.
Single‐Carbon Atom Doping Reactions Using Atomic Carbon and Its Equivalents
Authors: Fujimoto Hayato , Tobisu Mamoru
Published: March 2024

Atomic carbon, a zerovalent atom with four non‐bonded electrons, has potential utility in organic synthesis as platforms for the formation of four new covalent bonds at the carbon center. Single‐carbon atom doping (SCAD) is the process of inserting an atomic carbon into a reactant molecule with no loss of atoms in the reactant. In this Concept, we overview SCAD reactions, which can be classified by physical or chemical methods.
Enantiomeric purity of synthetic therapeutic peptides: A review
Authors: Badgujar Devendra , Paritala Sree Teja , Matre Shubham , Sharma Nitish
Published: March 2024

Synthetic therapeutic peptides are a complex and popular class of pharmaceuticals. In recent years, peptides with proven therapeutic activity have gained significant interest in the market. The determination of synthetic peptide enantiomeric purity plays a critical role in the evaluation of the quality of the medicine. Since racemization is one of the most common side reactions occurring in AAs or peptides, enantiomeric impurities such as D‐isomers can form during the peptide synthesis or can be introduced from the starting materials (e.g., AAs). The therapeutic effect of a synthetic or semi‐synthetic bioactive peptide molecule depends on its AA enantiomeric purity and secondary/tertiary structure. Therefore, the enantiomeric purity determination for synthetic peptides is supportive for interpreting unwanted therapeutic effects and determining the quality of synthetic peptide therapeutics. However, enantiomeric purity analysis encounters formidable analytical challenges during chromatographic separation, as D/L isomers have identical physical–chemical properties except stereochemical configuration. To ensure peptides AA stereochemical configuration whether in the free or bound state, sensitive and reproducible quantitative analytical method is mandatory. In this regard, numerous analytical techniques were emerged for the quantification of D‐isomeric impurities in synthetic peptides, but still, very few reports are available in the literature. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the importance, regulatory requirements, and various analytical methods used for peptide enantiomeric purity determination. In addition, we discussed the available literature in terms of enantiomeric impurity detection, common hydrolysis procedural aspects, and different analytical strategies used for sample preparation.
Feasible Synthesis of N,O‐Bidentate Difluoroboron Chromophores through Direct Functionalization of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Ketones in One Shot
Authors: Zhang Shuaichen , Zhang Jing , Ling Xiang , Zhao Yifan , Ma Yue , Sun Peng
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Organic difluoroboron complexes are a kind of potential platforms for a wide range of applications owing to their excellent photophysical properties. Herein, we have explored a simple and direct synthesis methodology for a library of N,O‐bidentate difluoroboron complexes from quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and ketones in one shot. The photophysical properties of the generated complexes were evaluated and the application potential of these compounds on subcellular imaging was also explored.
Artemordins A—S, Cadinane‐Type Sesquiterpenoid Dimers from Artemisia ordosica and Their Antihepatoma Activities
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Tian‐Ze , Ma Yun‐Bao , Geng Chang‐An , Wang Yong‐Cui , Chen Ji‐Jun
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Nineteen new cadinane‐involving sesquiterpenoid dimers, artemordins A—S (1—19), together with 13 known SDs (20—32) were isolated from Artemisia ordosica. Their structures and absolute configurations were established by comprehensive spectral analyses, X‐ray single crystal diffraction, theoretical ECD, and NMR calculations. Chemically, artemordins A—F (1—6) were the first examples of two cadinane units constructed by unprecedented C‐3−C‐15′ or C‐3−C‐13′ single bond with an oxido‐rearranged 6/5/6/6 fused ring system; artemordins G—K (7—11) were biogenetically connected by [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction and artemordins G—J (7—10) possessed a novel 5/6/6/6/6/6/5‐heptacyclic fused ring system. Artemordins L—S (12—19) were formed by esterification, which involved three different types of sesquiterpenoids. Antihepatoma assay suggested that the most active compounds, artemordins B and H (2 and 8), exhibited inhibitory activities on three hepatoma cell lines with IC50 values of 26.9 and 25.1 μmol/L (HepG2), 29.5 and 18.3 μmol/L (Huh7), 19.7 and 15.7 μmol/L (SK‐Hep‐1).
Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Talaroconvolutin A and Talarofuranone: Gram‐scale Synthesis of Ferroptosis Inducer Talaroconvolutin A
Authors: Yao Ming , Yang Wei , Li Jing , Huang Chengyun , Fang Jin , Qin Sulu , Liu Shuzhi , Yang Xiaolong
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The first total synthesis of talaroconvolutin A (1.1 g obtained) and talarofuranone has been achieved using accessible materials (12 steps, 7.5% and 8.2% yields, respectively). Convergent routes involved intramolecular Diels−Alder reactions in two approaches for creating the decalin moiety. Additionally, an unprecedented DMP‐mediated domino reaction resulted in the deoxy‐tetramic acid system. These syntheses not only establish the absolute configuration of talaroconvolutin A but also enable further collaborative studies of this type of ferroptosis inducers.
2023 American Society of Hematology meeting roundup
Authors: Nierengarten Mary Beth
Published: March 2024

This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. In this issue, results from several studies presented at the 2023 American Society of Hematology meeting roundup show patient improvement based on adding a new element to standard therapies. In addition, new study results underscore the need to closely monitor patients who take certain breast cancer drugs for cardiovascular adverse effects, and routinely measuring blood hormone levels in women at high risk for breast cancer may help to identify who will benefit from prophylactic treatment.
Interobserver agreement in the interpretation of anal cytology
Authors: Benevolo Maria , Rollo Francesca , Latini Alessandra , Giuliani Massimo , Giglio Amalia , Giuliani Eugenia , Donà Maria Gabriella
Published: March 2024

Background

Anal cytology represents a tool for anal cancer screening in high‐risk populations. In addition to accuracy, the reproducibility of the interpretation is of key importance. The authors evaluated the agreement of anal cytologic interpretation between two cytopathologists.

Methods

Liquid‐based cytologic slides from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐negative men who have sex with men (MSM) were evaluated by two readers with at least 10 years of expertise in cervical cytology. Cases with a discordant interpretation were reviewed, and a consensus was reached. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping was performed using a proprietary HPV genotyping test. Unweighted and weighted Cohen kappa and 95% confidence interval (CI) values were calculated.

Results

Overall, 713 slides that were adequate for interpretation were evaluated (MSM: median age, 33 years). An HPV test was performed on 620 samples (87.0%). Considering a dichotomous interpretation (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy vs. atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse), the crude agreement between the two readers was 93.3% (kappa = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77–0.87). Once a consensus for discordant cases was reached, the best agreement was found for the negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy category (511 of 528 samples; 96.8%), whereas the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance category showed the lowest agreement (90 of 117 samples, 76.9%). Considering the individual cytologic categories, overall agreement was 92.1% (kappa = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.89). The discordant interpretations were not associated with high‐risk HPV infection, HPV16 infection, or MSM age.

Conclusions

The results indicating excellent interobserver agreement in this study substantiate the use of anal cytology in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus‐negative MSM.
Dapagliflozin Reduces Urinary Kidney Injury Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease Irrespective of Albuminuria Level
Authors: Cho Junghyun , Doo Seung Whan , Song Nayoung , Lee Minsul , Lee Haekyung , Kim Hyongnae , Jeon Jin Seok , Noh Hyunjin , Kwon Soon Hyo
Published: March 2024

The beneficial effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with low albuminuria levels have not been established. This study aimed to compare the effects of dapagliflozin on kidney injury biomarkers in patients with CKD stratified by albuminuria level. We prospectively enrolled healthy volunteers (HVs; n = 20) and patients with CKD (n = 54) with and without diabetes mellitus. Patients with CKD were divided into two age‐matched and sex‐matched subgroups according to urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (uACR) levels (<300 mg/g and ≥300 mg/g). The CKD group received dapagliflozin (10 mg/day). Urine samples were collected before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of dapagliflozin. Urinary kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and mitochondrial DNA nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit‐1 (mtND1) copy number were measured. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of patients with CKD was lower than that of HVs (P < 0.001). During the study period, eGFR decreased and uACR did not change in the CKD group. Kidney injury markers were significantly elevated in patients with CKD compared with those in HVs. Dapagliflozin reduced urinary KIM‐1, IL‐1β, and mtDNA copy number in patients with CKD after 6 months of treatment. In further, the levels of urinary KIM‐1 and IL‐1β, patients with CKD decreased after 6 months of dapagliflozin treatment regardless of albuminuria level. Dapagliflozin reduced urinary kidney injury biomarkers in patients with CKD, regardless of albuminuria level. These findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors may also attenuate the progression of low albuminuric CKD.
Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease: Which dementia screening test to use in elderly Puerto Ricans with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Rodríguez‐Santiago María A. , Wojna Valerie , Miranda‐Valentín Eric , Arnold Steven , Sepúlveda‐Rivera Vanessa
Published: March 2024

Typically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is not made at its earliest period, for instance, at mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD (E‐AD). Our study aims to demonstrate a correlation between the screening tools, including the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and the biological biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta 1‐42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) proteins and total tau (t‐tau)/Aβ42 ratio in Puerto Ricans > 55 years old with MCI and E‐AD. We evaluated 30 participants, including demographics, memory scales, and CSF biomarkers. Twenty‐eight CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, p‐tau protein, and t‐tau/Aβ42 ratio) were analyzed using the Meso Scale Discovery Platform (MSD). Associations between memory scales (MoCA, MMSE, CDR) and CSF markers were performed using Spearman rho correlation. Our study revealed a statistical association favoring a direct relationship between MMSE and MoCA with t‐tau/Aβ42 ratio in CSF (P = 0.022, P = 0.035, respectively). We found a trend toward significance with an inverse relationship with MMSE and Aβ42 (P = 0.069) and a direct relationship with MMSE and p‐tau (P = 0.098). MMSE and MoCA screening tests were identified with a statistically significant association with the CSF biomarkers, specifically t‐tau/Aβ42 ratio, in elderly Puerto Ricans with MCI and E‐AD. Puerto Ricans > 55 years old with MCI and E‐AD could be screened confidently with MMSE and MoCA for a higher likelihood of earlier detection and, thus, initiation of disease‐modifying treatment and prompt non‐pharmacological interventions.