bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Western Cattle Egrets’ (Bubulcus ibis) roosting colony size estimates in urban landscape mosaics of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with notes on habitat threats and features near roosts
Authors: Cele Jennifer Z. , Maseko Mfundo S. T. , Downs Colleen T.
Published: January 2025

Western Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) persist through phenotypic plasticity in behaviour and undertaking various forms of migration to exploit available resources in the anthropogenic landscape mosaics. The degradation of natural habitats, with land conversion for agriculture and urbanisation means co-existing alongside humans. However, their persistence is affected by human-egret conflict, exacerbated by a growing human population. We investigated the size of Western Cattle Egrets roosting colonies within the uMgungundlovu (Pietermaritzburg) and eThekwini (Durban) Municipalities, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We observed landscape features within 30 km of roosts with notes on possible threats to urban persistence, from October 2018 to September 2019. These areas were both urban mosaic landscapes with some remaining natural green areas as well as managed green spaces with urban built. We conducted monthly roosting or nesting population estimates of Western Cattle Egrets in these municipalities and identified characteristics which allow their urban roost persistence. An increase in roosting population from under 500 individuals in 2018 to over 600 individuals in the post-breeding season in 2019 was observed; however, no significant difference in roosting population size between the breeding and the post-breeding seasons was found. All Western Cattle Egret roosting and nesting colonies were within 10 km of a landfill, wetland, major road, river, or grassland. In addition, nesting sites were more likely to be near a wastewater treatment facility than roosts without nests. Roosting and nesting sites had varying levels of disturbance, and they require protection for continued Western Cattle Egret persistence in urban mosaic landscapes.
Association between inflammatory biomarkers and the cognitive response to a multidomain intervention: secondary longitudinal analyses from the MAPT study
Authors: Gonzalez-Bautista Emmanuel , Soto Maria , Abellan van Kan Gabor , Delrieu Julien
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of systemic inflammation measured by plasma biomarkers with the change in cognitive function among participants from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) exposed to the multidomain intervention (MI). Secondary analysis of the MAPT longitudinal data. MAPT is a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 3 interventional groups (omega-3 only, MI only, omega-3 plus MI) and a control group. We tested the association of the change in cognitive function with inflammatory biomarkers (tumoral necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15), Interleukin-6 (IL6) and C reactive protein (CRP)) using mixed-effects models. A subgroup analysis was performed in those exposed to the MI. The response to the MI was defined as the change in the composite cognitive score over the 2-year clinical follow-up period. by modeling the response to the intervention and identifying “good responders”, i.e., those in the 5th quintile of response at the end of the intervention period (2 years after the measurement of inflammatory markers). We included 1,527 participants (mean age 75.3, SD = 4.4; 64% female). Higher levels of GDF15 and TNFR1 were associated with a worse trajectory in the cognitive composite score in adjusted models. "Good responders" had an estimated mean change in the composite score of 0.051 (SD 0.062) over two years of intervention, compared to -0.136 (SD = 0.111) for the "not-good responders". Higher IL6 levels were associated with a decreased likelihood of being a "good responder" (OR = 0.22, p = 0.018, 95% CI 0.06; 0.78), with similar results for CRP (OR = 0.48, p = 0.009, 95% CI 0.28; 0.84). Higher inflammation was associated with a worse cognitive trajectory among nondemented participants and a lower likelihood of being classified as a "good responder" in those receiving a MI. Further confirmation of these findings could lead to the use of systemic inflammation as inclusion or stratification criteria in prevention trials.
Affordance-Based Information Technology Sensemaking [ABITS]
Authors: Mesgari Arvin , Okoli Chitu , Ortiz de Guinea Ana
Published: January 2025

Information Technology (IT) use gives rise to a wide variety of outcomes. This stems in part from the divergent ways in which individuals understand technology. While the sensemaking literature unveils how meaning is attached to organizational phenomena via cognitive and social processes, it overlooks the discovery dimension of making sense, that is detecting the role of the IT artifact in bringing about outcomes. In other words, there is a need to explain how the IT artifact contributes to technology sensemaking and its outcomes. This paper presents a framework that enables scholars to analyze the IT artifact’s role in technology sensemaking and its outcomes. The paper proposes an Affordance-Based IT Sensemaking (ABITS) framework that explicates IT sense-made as a distinctive ontological arrangement among the users’ perceptions of technology affordances, the affordances that users actualize, and the user characteristics that underpin optimal adaptation. The study shows how these sense-made configurations lead to outcomes for individuals and organizations. This conceptual combination allows for the examination of user appropriations of new technology, as well as the integration of the IT artifact into accounts of IT sensemaking and its outcomes.
A Systematic Review of the Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Wildes Dermot Michael , Dunne Esme , Mullaly Rachel , Costigan Caoimhe Suzanne , Awan Atif , El-Khuffash Afif , Boyle Michael A
Published: January 2025

Purpose of Review

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and associated with poor clinical outcomes in neonates, affecting nearly a third of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Premature infants and infants with very low birth weight are particularly predisposed to acute kidney injury. The presence of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may result in an inequitable distribution of cardiac output, which may compromise end-organ perfusion. Both conservative management and intervention have the potential to exacerbate AKI. This systematic review sought to assimilate the existing literature pertaining to the study of AKI in infants with PDA.

Recent Findings

This article collates the relevant literature using a systematic search strategy pertaining to the study of AKI in infants with PDA. Seventeen studies were identified using PRISMA methodology.

There is a paucity of literature pertaining to the incidence of acute kidney injury in infants in the setting of a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus. There is a great degree of heterogeneity in approach taken to define AKI/hsPDA in existing literature. Further research must employ the modified neonatal KDIGO criteria and a robust PDA scoring system which accurately measures ductal significance.
Effects of various process parameters in the joining process on the squeeze flow of highly viscous thermal interface materials
Authors: Gilich J. , Teutenberg D. , Meschut G. , Gröger B. , Wiebicke F. , Koch I. , Gude M.
Published: January 2025

Powertrain concepts incorporating renewable energies are an essential element of the energy revolution and increasingly require efficient manufacturing processes for electronic systems. Particularly, the joining of structures to be thermally coupled, such as the battery modules and the thermal management system (TMS), poses new challenges in process design. Factors that limit the process include the increased density, viscosity, and abrasiveness of thermal pastes as well as the pressure sensitivity of battery modules. The research presented aims to systematically investigate the influences of joining parameters on flow behavior, the formation of air inclusions, and the occurring joining forces to understand and systematically optimize the joining process. Employing a test setup following the Closing-Hele-Shaw-Cell, the influence of specific process parameters on the joining process such as the joining speed, joining gap, application pattern, and temperature was investigated for a silicone- and a polyurethane-based thermally conductive paste. The results indicate a high dependency of both the ensuing joining forces and the flow behavior on the parameters investigated. These insights imply a potential systematic parameter optimization and the specific adaptation of the joining process to improve flow behavior and reduce compressive stresses. This can ensure lower component deformations and qualify the process for the employment of cell types with a higher power density, a reduced encapsulation, and lower stiffness while at the same time improving production rates.
Advances in automated anesthesia: a comprehensive review
Authors: Cai Xiuding , Wang Xueyao , Zhu Yaoyao , Yao Yu , Chen Jiao
Published: January 2025

Anesthesia is a fundamental aspect of modern medical practice, ensuring patient safety and comfort during surgical procedures by effectively managing hypnosis and analgesia. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has facilitated the emergence of automated anesthesia systems, significantly enhancing the precision, efficiency, and adaptability of anesthesia management in complex surgical environments. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the existing literature on automated anesthesia, focusing on three key areas: physiological modeling, automatic anesthesia control, and performance evaluation. It critically examines the strengths and limitations of current methodologies, including traditional statistical learning, machine learning and deep learning approaches, while discussing future development trends in the field. By synthesizing recent technological advancements and clinical applications, this work aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and clinicians, promoting the evolution of intelligent and automated anesthesia practices. Ultimately, this review underscores the transformative potential of AI-driven solutions in delivering personalized anesthesia care, optimizing both hypnosis and analgesia, and enhancing surgical outcomes.
Mineralogy and crystal-chemistry of trioctahedral smectites from Turkey
Authors: Lorenzo Adrián , García-Romero Emilia , Yeniyol Mefail , Suárez Mercedes
Published: January 2025

This study focused on a detailed mineralogical and crystal-chemical analysis of Mg-smectites from four bentonite samples from Turkey. Mg-rich smectites, mainly associated with alkaline and evaporitic depositional conditions, are formed in environments such as salt lakes, brine springs, and sabkhas, as well as in hydrothermal systems, in some cases by transformation from other phyllosilicates. Saponite has also been documented on the surface of Mars. The systems that produce Mg-smectites are less common than those that produce dioctahedral Al-smectites and consequently Mg-rich smectites are less abundant than dioctahedral smectites. For this reason, information on nanoscale mineralogy and crystal chemistry of Mg-smectites is relatively lacking. In this study, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and electron microscopy were used to study Mg-smectites. The crystal chemistry of single crystals determined with analytical electron microscopy in transmission electron microscopy (AEM-TEM) revealed that all samples had notable variability in the composition of individual crystals, such that no point analysis resulted in ideal structural formulae for saponite, stevensite, sepiolite, or palygorskite. They contain SiO2 content greater than that corresponding to a Mg-smectite, even stevensite, and often are intermediate to Mg-smectites and the sepiolite-palygorskite series. Meanwhile, the number of octahedral cations is small for fibrous clay minerals. Neither the point analysis of smectitic particles nor the mean structural formula fit properly for Mg-smectites showing crystallochemistry complexity. The results of these point analyses, in which no contamination has been observed, suggest that these smectites have intermediate compositions between trioctahedral smectites and sepiolite-palygorskite, indicating nanometer-scale intergrowths of these minerals in Mg-rich clay deposits.
Sacralizing the Nation: The Adoption of Takfīr in Mandate Palestine, 1929–35
Authors: Rock-Singer Aaron
Published: January 2025

In January 1935, Palestinian Islamic thinkers, in conversation with counterparts elsewhere in the Middle East and South Asia, concluded that those who sold or facilitated the sale of land to the Mandate Jewish community must be excommunicated. This article explores the emergence of such religious excommunication (takfīr) in Mandate Palestine between 1929 and 1935 based on a wide range of periodicals and pamphlets from this period. It argues that, far from a story of an underlying “Islamic radicalism” which reemerged in a time of pressure, this is a case in which internal and external political and economic pressures necessitated a drastic solution which could distinguish Muslims committed to the Palestinian nationalist project from those who were not. In doing so, the article contributes to scholarship on both Modern Islam and Mandate Palestine.
S-layers: from a serendipitous discovery to a toolkit for nanobiotechnology
Authors: Sleytr Uwe B. , Pum Dietmar
Published: January 2025

Prokaryotic microorganisms, comprising Bacteria and Archaea, exhibit a fascinating diversity of cell envelope structures reflecting their adaptations that contribute to their resilience and survival in diverse environments. Among these adaptations, surface layers (S-layers) composed of monomolecular protein or glycoprotein lattices are one of the most observed envelope components. They are the most abundant cellular proteins and represent the simplest biological membranes that have developed during evolution. S-layers provide organisms with a great variety of selective advantages, including acting as an antifouling layer, protective coating, molecular sieve, ion trap, structure involved in cell and molecular adhesion, surface recognition and virulence factor for pathogens. In Archaea that possess S-layers as the exclusive cell wall component, the (glyco)protein lattices function as a cell shape-determining/maintaining scaffold. The wealth of information available on the structure, chemistry, genetics and in vivo and in vitro morphogenesis has revealed a broad application potential for S-layers as patterning elements in a molecular construction kit for bio- and nanotechnology, synthetic biology, biomimetics, biomedicine and diagnostics. In this review, we try to describe the scientifically exciting early days of S-layer research with a special focus on the ‘Vienna-S-Layer-Group’. Our presentation is intended to illustrate how our curiosity and joy of discovery motivated us to explore this new structure and to make the scientific community aware of its relevance in the realm of prokaryotes, and moreover, how we developed concepts for exploiting this unique self-assembly structure. We hope that our presentation, with its many personal notes, is also of interest from the perspective of the history of S-layer research.
Kinetic Alfven Waves Driving Auroral O+ Ion Outflows to Form Plasma Cloak During the 17 March 2015 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Tian S. , Li J. , Wang C.‐P. , Ma Q. , Bortnik J. , Ferradas C. P. , Liu J. , Shen Y. , Lyons L. R.
Published: January 2025

We present multi‐platform observations of plasma cloak, O+ outflows, kinetic Alfven waves (KAWs), and auroral oval for the geomagnetic storm on 17 March 2015. During the storm's main phase, we observed a generally symmetric equatorward motion of the auroral oval in both hemispheres, corresponding to the plasmasphere erosion and inward motion of the plasma sheet. Consequently, Van Allen Probes became immersed within the plasma sheet for extended hours and repeatedly observed correlated KAWs and O+ outflows. The KAWs contain adequate energy flux toward the ionosphere to energize the observed outflow ions. Adiabatic particle tracing suggests that the O+ outflows are directly from the nightside auroral oval and that the energization is through a quasi‐static potential drop. The O+ outflows from the nightside auroral oval were adequate (‐ #/‐s) and prompt (several minutes) to explain the newly formed plasma cloak, suggesting that they were a dominant initial source of plasma cloak during this storm.
Wind‐Driven Variability in the Prereversal Enhancement of the Equatorial Vertical Plasma Drift: Climatologies Observed by ICON
Authors: Harding Brian J. , Serrano Mateo Cardona , Gasque L. Claire , Joanne Wu Yen‐Jung , Maute Astrid , Immel Thomas J.
Published: January 2025

The prereversal enhancement (PRE) is a brief surge in upward plasma velocity in the evening equatorial ionosphere and a driver of equatorial spread‐F. This study reports the first PRE climatology from Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) data, exhibiting seasonal and longitudinal variability that is qualitatively consistent with results from two previous satellite missions. Previous missions, however, lacked the neutral wind observations to characterize their impact on the PRE. To quantitatively assess wind impacts, numerical experiments are performed with a standalone dynamo solver using winds from the TIEGCM‐ICON, which is driven from below by observed tides. To quantify the impact of solar/magnetic geometry, such as the alignment between the solar terminator and the magnetic meridian, the model was first driven with seasonally and longitudinally averaged winds (which includes seasonally averaged zonal‐mean winds and migrating tides). This reproduces the observed PRE variability with a correlation of 0.44. Incorporating longitudinally and seasonally varying wind patterns improves the correlation to 0.68. This suggests that climatological wind variability is an important driver of PRE variability, but future work is needed to account for the missing variability. Potential missing drivers include conductivity variability near the terminator and mesoscale wind features such as the solar terminator wave.
Returning genetic risk information for hereditary cancers to participants in a population-based cohort study in Japan
Authors: Ohneda Kinuko , Suzuki Yoichi , Hamanaka Yohei , Tadaka Shu , Shimada Muneaki , Hasegawa-Minato Junko , Takahashi Masanobu , Fuse Nobuo , Nagami Fuji , Kawame Hiroshi , Kobayashi Tomoko , Yamaguchi-Kabata Yumi , Kinoshita Kengo , Nakamura Tomohiro , Ogishima Soichi , Kumada Kazuki , Kudo Hisaaki , Kuriyama Shin-ichi , Izumi Yoko , Shimizu Ritsuko , Tochigi Mikako , Motonari Tokiwa , Tokunaga Hideki , Kikuchi Atsuo , Masamune Atsushi , Aoki Yoko , Ishioka Chikashi , Ishida Takanori , Yamamoto Masayuki
Published: January 2025

Large-scale population cohort studies that collect genomic information are tasked with returning an assessment of genetic risk for hereditary cancers to participants. While several studies have applied to return identified genetic risks to participants, comprehensive surveys of participants’ understanding, feelings, and behaviors toward cancer risk remain to be conducted. Here, we report our experience and surveys of returning genetic risks to 100 carriers of pathogenic variants for hereditary cancers identified through whole genome sequencing of 50 000 individuals from the Tohoku Medical Megabank project, a population cohort study. The participants were carriers of pathogenic variants associated with either hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (n = 79, median age=41) or Lynch syndrome (n = 21, median age=62). Of these, 28% and 38% had a history of cancer, respectively. We provided information on cancer risk, heritability, and clinical actionability to the participants in person. The comprehension assessment revealed that the information was better understood by younger (under 60 years) females than by older males. Scores on the cancer worry scale were positively related to cancer experiences and general psychological distress. Seventy-one participants were followed up at Tohoku University Hospital; six females underwent risk-reducing surgery triggered by study participation and three were newly diagnosed with cancer during surveillance. Among first-degree relatives of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer carriers, participants most commonly shared the information with daughters. This study showed the benefits of returning genetic risks to the general population and will provide insights into returning genetic risks to asymptomatic pathogenic variant carriers in both clinical and research settings.
pir-hsa-216911 inhibit pyroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing TLR4 initiated GSDMD activation
Authors: Liao Zhouxiang , Yang Lichao , Cheng Xiaojing , Huang Xuejing , Zhang Qi , Wen Daoqiang , Song Zhenyu , Li Yasi , Wen Sha , Li Yongfeng , Ou Meizhen , Huang Zhangnan , Liu Tianqi , He Min
Published: January 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health concern, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, the role of piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in HCC processes has not been extensively explored. Through small RNA sequencing, our study identified a specific piRNA, pir-hsa-216911, which is highly expressed in HCC cells. This overexpression of pir-hsa-216911 promotes HCC cell invasion and inhibits cell death, particularly pyroptosis. Knocking out pir-hsa-216911 led to increased cell pyroptosis activity, resulting in the activation of caspase-1 and GSDMD. Further analysis revealed that pir-hsa-216911 targets and suppresses TLR4, a key gene associated with pyroptosis in HCC. In the Huh7 cell line, pir-hsa-216911 knockout confirmed its role in suppressing the TLR4/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway by silencing TLR4. Knocking out pir-hsa-216911 significantly inhibited the formation of Huh7 xenograft tumor. In HCC patients, pir-hsa-216911 was highly expressed in HCC tumor samples with steatosis, suppressing TLR4 expression and inhibiting GSDMD activation. This study introduces pir-hsa-216911 as a new high-expressing piRNA in HCC, which inhibits pyroptosis by silencing TLR4 to suppress GSDMD activation. These findings have significant implications for HCC molecular subtyping and as a potential target for cancer therapy.
Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Carré Alexia , Samassa Fatoumata , Zhou Zhicheng , Perez-Hernandez Javier , Lekka Christiana , Manganaro Anthony , Oshima Masaya , Liao Hanqing , Parker Robert , Nicastri Annalisa , Brandao Barbara , Colli Maikel L. , Eizirik Decio L. , Aluri Jahnavi , Patel Deep , Göransson Marcus , Burgos Morales Orlando , Anderson Amanda , Landry Laurie , Kobaisi Farah , Scharfmann Raphael , Marselli Lorella , Marchetti Piero , You Sylvaine , Nakayama Maki , Hadrup Sine R. , Kent Sally C. , Richardson Sarah J. , Ternette Nicola , Mallone Roberto
Published: January 2025

Interferon (IFN)-α is the earliest cytokine signature observed in individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the effect of IFN-α on the antigen repertoire of HLA Class I (HLA-I) in pancreatic β-cells is unknown. Here we characterize the HLA-I antigen presentation in resting and IFN-α-exposed β-cells and find that IFN-α increases HLA-I expression and expands peptide repertoire to those derived from alternative mRNA splicing, protein cis-splicing and post-translational modifications. While the resting β-cell immunopeptidome is dominated by HLA-A-restricted peptides, IFN-α largely favors HLA-B and only marginally upregulates HLA-A, translating into increased HLA-B-restricted peptide presentation and activation of HLA-B-restricted CD8+ T cells. Lastly, islets of patients with T1D show preferential HLA-B hyper-expression when compared with non-diabetic donors, and islet-infiltrating CD8+ T cells reactive to HLA-B-restricted granule peptides are found in T1D donors. Thus, the inflammatory milieu of insulitis may skew the autoimmune response toward alternative epitopes presented by HLA-B, hence recruiting T cells with a distinct repertoire that may be relevant to T1D pathogenesis.
Fermented foods affect the seasonal stability of gut bacteria in an Indian rural population
Authors: Jeyaram Kumaraswamy , Lahti Leo , Tims Sebastian , Heilig Hans G. H. J. , van Gelder Antonie H. , de Vos Willem M. , Smidt Hauke , Zoetendal Erwin G.
Published: January 2025

The effect of fermented foods on healthy human gut microbiota structure and function, particularly its seasonal preference and frequent long-term consumption, has been largely uncharacterised. Here, we assess the gut microbiota and metabolite composition of 78 healthy Indian agrarian individuals who differ in the intake of fermented milk and soybean products by seasonal sampling during hot-humid summer, autumn and dry winter. Here we show that, seasonal shifts between the Prevotella- and Bifidobacterium/Ruminococcus-driven community types, or ecological states, and associated fatty acid derivatives, with a bimodal change in Bacteroidota community structure during summer, particularly in fermented milk consumers. Our results associate long-term fermented food consumption with reduced gut microbiota diversity and bacterial load. We identify taxonomic groups that drive the seasonal fluctuation and associated shifts between the two ecological states in gut microbiota. This understanding may pave the way towards developing strategies to sustain a healthy and resilient gut microbiota through dietary interventions.
An In Vitro Study of the Effects of Methotrexate Loaded Biocomposite Beads on MG63 Osteoblast Cells
Authors: Malash A. E. , Al-esnawy A. A. , Ereiba Khairy T. , Bakr Ahmed M. , Abdraboh A. S.
Published: January 2025

This study aims to synthesize a new localized drug delivery system of bioglass, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose (CNC), and sodium alginate (SA) beads as a carrier for methotrexate (MTX) drugs for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Methotrexate /Bioglass-loaded Polyvinyl/Cellulose/Sodium alginate biocomposite beads were prepared via the dropwise method with different concentrations of (65%SiO2-30%CaO- 5%P2O5) bioglass. Samples were named B0, S0, S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) was used as a cross-linking agent. The obtained biocomposite beads were investigated by different techniques FTIR, XRD, SEM, etc. The bioactivity of MTX/BG-loaded PVA-CNC-SA biocomposite beads was tested by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). The profile release of methotrexate was investigated with UV–vis spectroscopy for 30 days. A cytotoxicity study of the methotrexate was performed by a human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line. Results indicated that the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the bead’s surface confirmed its biological activity. Bioactivity was directly proportional to the BG content. All samples of B1, S0, S1, S2, and S3 exhibited significant maximum release up to 6 days and were controlled gradually. Cytotoxicity results of biocomposite beads showed that high cell death was detected on the MG-63 cells, with (IC-50 ± SD) of S3 (116.16 ± 1.57) compared with B1 (306.99 ± 2.72) and S1 (204.74 ± 4.55) due to the high release of MTX, which was confirmed by the results of the drug release profile. Results prove that the prepared biocomposite beads can be used as bioactive, drug delivery systems, and anticancer materials.
A hybrid Harris Hawks Optimization with Support Vector Regression for air quality forecasting
Authors: Houssein Essam H. , Mohamed Meran , Younis Eman M. G. , Mohamed Waleed M.
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a hybridized model for air quality forecasting that combines the Support Vector Regression (SVR) method with Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) called (HHO-SVR). The proposed HHO-SVR model utilizes five datasets from the environmental protection agency’s Downscaler Model (DS) to predict Particulate Matter (
$$PM_{2.5}$$
) levels. In order to assess the efficacy of the suggested HHO-SVR forecasting model, we employ metrics such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Average, Standard Deviation (SD), Best Fit, Worst Fit, and CPU time. Additionally, we contrast our methodology with recently created models that have been published in the literature, such as the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (HGSO), Barnacles Mating Optimizer (BMO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), and Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO). In particular, the proposed HHO-SVR model outperforms other approaches, establishing it as the optimal model based on its superior results.
Modelling the impact of environmental and social determinants on mental health using generative agents
Authors: Kambeitz Joseph , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas
Published: January 2025

Mental health is shaped by socio-environmental determinants, yet traditional research approaches struggle to capture their complex interactions. This review explores the potential of generative agents, powered by large language models, to simulate human-like behaviour in virtual environments for mental health research. We outline potential applications including the modelling of adverse life events, urbanicity, climate change, discuss potential challenges and describe how generative agents could transform mental health research.
Prenatal inflammation impairs early CD11c-positive microglia induction and delays myelination in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Fuma Kazuya , Iitani Yukako , Imai Kenji , Ushida Takafumi , Tano Sho , Yoshida Kosuke , Yokoi Akira , Miki Rika , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Sato Yoshiaki , Hara Yuichiro , Ogi Tomoo , Nomaki Kohei , Tsuda Makoto , Komine Okiru , Yamanaka Koji , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kotani Tomomi
Published: January 2025

Histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) is a form of maternal immune activation (MIA) linked to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Our previous study identified neurodevelopmental impairments in an MIA mouse model mimicking HCA. Thus, this study investigated the role of CD11c+ microglia, key contributors to myelination through IGF-1 production, in this pathology. In the mouse model, the CD11c+ microglial population was significantly lower in the MIA group than in the control group on postnatal day 3 (PN3d). Furthermore, myelination-related protein levels significantly decreased in the MIA group at PN8d. In humans, preterm infants with HCA exhibited higher IL-6 and IL-17A cord-serum levels and lower IGF-1 levels than those without HCA, followed by a higher incidence of delayed myelination on magnetic resonance imaging at the term-equivalent age. In silico analysis revealed that the transient induction of CD11c+ microglia during early development occurred similarly in mice and humans. Notably, a lack of high CD11c+ microglial population has been observed in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This study reports impaired induction of CD11c+ microglia during postnatal development in a mouse model of MIA associated with delayed myelination. Our findings may inform strategies for improving outcomes in infants with HCA.
A multi-tissue longitudinal proteomics study to evaluate the suitability of post-mortem samples for pathophysiological research
Authors: Beusch Christian M. , Braesch-Andersen Ken , Felldin Ulrika , Sabatier Pierre , Widgren Anna , Bergquist Jonas , Grinnemo Karl-Henrik , Rodin Sergey
Published: January 2025

Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have established it as a robust tool for system-wide analyses essential for pathophysiological research. While post-mortem samples are a critical source for these studies, our understanding of how body decomposition influences the proteome remains limited. Here, we have revisited published data and conducted a clinically relevant time-course experiment in mice, revealing organ-specific proteome regulation after death, with only a fraction of these changes linked to protein autolysis. The liver and spleen exhibit significant proteomic alterations within hours post-mortem, whereas the heart displays only modest changes. Additionally, subcellular compartmentalization leads to an unexpected surge in proteome alterations at the earliest post-mortem interval (PMI). Additionally, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of semi-tryptic peptides, revealing distinct consensus motifs for different organs, indicating organ-specific post-mortem protease activity. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the critical importance of considering PMI effects when designing proteomics studies, as these effects may significantly overshadow the impacts of diseases. Preferably, the samples should be taken in the operation room, especially for studies including subcellular compartmentalization or trans-organ comparison. In single-organ studies, the planning should involve careful control of PMI.
Assembling branched and macrocyclic peptides on proteins
Authors: Ullrich Sven , Kumaresan Santhanalaxmi , Rahman Marina G. , Panda Bishvanwesha , Morewood Richard , Nitsche Christoph
Published: January 2025

A small molecular adapter enables site-specific peptide–protein conjugation via cysteine modification and cyanopyridine–aminothiol reactions, yielding complex branched or cyclic architectures for potential protein therapeutics.
Elaborating H-bonding effect and excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole based D–π–A fluorescent dye
Authors: Liu Xiu-Min , Yu Yin , Xu Shu-Ying , Ju Xue-Hai
Published: January 2025

The effects of the electron-donors, substituent positions and solvent polarity on the fluorescence properties and the ESIPT mechanisms of HBT derivatives were investigated through time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations.
Tuning the lanthanide binding tags for preferential actinide chelation: an all atom molecular dynamics study
Authors: Mishra Vijayakriti , Sundararajan Mahesh , Pathak Arup Kumar , Sawant Pramilla D. , Bandyopadhyay Tusar
Published: January 2025

Lanthanide binding tag (LBT) mutants engineered for improved selectivity and binding affinity for Am3+ over Eu3+.
Disappearing and reappearing of structure order in colloidal photonic crystals
Authors: Gao Feng , Jiang Xinyu , Qiu Junjun , An Tong , Zhang Manyao , Song Xiaokun , Shi Nan , Li Xiuhong , Fan Tongxiang , Zhao Qibin
Published: January 2025

We study the mechanoresponsive behavior of colloidal photonic crystals, where pressing causes disorder and shear forces restore order, with potential applications in reversible photonic paper and anti-counterfeiting.
Interfacial engineering of a MoS2–FeCoS2@NG nanocomposite: an efficient electrocatalyst for enhanced flexible zinc–air battery performance
Authors: Mahanthappa Mallappa , Ahmed Shahbaz , Chanda Debabrata , Soon-Yong Kweon , Lee Gi-sung , Hong Daewon , Yang Bee Lyong
Published: January 2025

MoS2–FeCoS2@NG materials are excellent electrocatalysts for ORR and (OER) pose a considerable obstacle in the development of future rechargeable zinc–air batteries.
Retraction: Silver doped reduced graphene oxide as a promising plasmonic photocatalyst for oxidative coupling of benzylamines under visible light irradiation
Authors: Kumar Anurag , Sadanandhan Aathira M. , Jain Suman L.
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Silver doped reduced graphene oxide as a promising plasmonic photocatalyst for oxidative coupling of benzylamines under visible light irradiation’ by Anurag Kumar et al., New J. Chem., 2019, 43, 9116–9122, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NJ00852G.
Application of perovskite type oxide LaxCe1−xcoo3 in lignin depolymerization and mono-phenol preparation
Authors: Zhu Tao , Wang Yujie , Chang Miao , Xu Jie , Hao Xiaobin
Published: January 2025

Possible pathways of SLS catalytic depolymerization to monomeric phenols.
Promoting H2O2 direct synthesis through Fe incorporation into AuPd catalysts
Authors: Li Rong-Jian , Lewis Richard J. , López-Martín Ángeles , Morgan David J. , Davies Thomas E. , Kordus David , Dugulan A. Iulian , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: January 2025

The incorporation of Fe into bimetallic AuPd nanoalloys significantly improves catalytic performance towards H2O2 direct synthesis via the electronic modification of Pd species.
AoI‐optimal path planning for UAV‐assisted data collection with heterogeneous information aging speed
Authors: Xie Chen , Wu Binbin , Pan Zihao , Guo Daoxing , Ma Wenfeng
Published: January 2025

This article investigates a problem involving the collection of data from sensor nodes (SNs) with heterogeneous information aging speed (IAS) by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in a dense obstacle environment. The objective is to minimize the average age of information (AoI) of the SNs through UAV path planning. The problem is challenging due to the tight coupling of obstacle avoidance, information timeliness, and the heterogeneity of SNs. Directly solving this path planning problem is difficult, and the conventional approach involves planning the access sequence without considering obstacle avoidance and then optimizing the UAV trajectory while incorporating safety constraints. However, optimizing the trajectory for safe flight introduces changes in the flight time cost, resulting in the average AoI not reaching its minimum value. To address this, a UAV safe flight network is first established by generating trajectories using a combination of A*‐based and successive convex approximation (SCA)‐based algorithms. Subsequently, a genetic algorithm (GA)‐based method is employed and compared with the time greedy strategy. The numerical results demonstrate that the time greedy strategy, which aligns with intuitive understanding, can achieve a smaller total UAV flight time, while the proposed method effectively minimizes the average AoI of SNs.
Dimming GRS 1915+105 observed with NICER and Insight–HXMT
Authors: Zhou M. , Grinberg V. , Santangelo A. , Bambi C. , Bu Q. , Diez C. M. , Kong L. , Steiner J. F. , Tuo Y.
Published: January 2025

The black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105 was bright for 26 years since its discovery and is well known for its disk instabilities, quasi-periodic oscillations, and disk wind signatures. We report a long-term spectral-timing tracing of this source from mid-2017 until the onset of the so-called obscured state based on the complete data from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and the Insight–Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT), whose hard coverage decisively informs the modeling at lower energies. In the soft state predating 2018, we observed highly ionized winds. However, in the hard state shortly before transitioning into the obscured state on May 14, 2019 (MJD 58617), the winds exhibited a discernible reduction in ionization degree (log ξ), which decreased from above 4 to approximately 3. Our analysis involves the measurement of the frequencies of the quasi-periodic oscillations and the estimation of the properties of the ionized winds and the intensities of different spectral components through spectroscopy during the decay phase. We studied the origin of these infrequently observed warm outflows in the hard state. The launching radius of the winds in the hard decay phase is similar to that in the soft state, which indicates that the launching mechanism of these winds likely is the same in both states. The presence of the ionized winds is preferentially dependent on the periphery of the accretion disk, but it is not directly related to the corona activities in the center of the binary system.
A two-stage optimization strategy for VPP trading in multi-market considering setting method and marginal revenue and expenditure of standby capacity
Authors: Wang Yongli , Jiang Sichong , Zhou Hanzhi , Zhu Mingyang , Zhang Yunfei
Published: January 2025

Virtual power plant (VPP) with a high percentage of flexibility resources has issues that need to be addressed, such as high source-load volatility and limited scope to participate in multi-market bids. Therefore, this paper proposes a VPP standby capacity setting method based on normal distribution framework and Bayesian parameter optimization. Through the marginal revenue and expenditure of standby capacity analysis, this paper constructs a two-stage optimization strategy for VPP trading in multi-market considering double uncertainty, which is solved by the Improved Multi-Objective Squirrel Search Algorithm (IMSSA). Compared to the traditional program, the VPP's participation in the day-ahead spot bidding increased by 5.97% and 2.48%, respectively, total revenue increased by 17.41% and 12.97%, respectively, reliability increased by 0.21%, and overall energy efficiency increased by 10%. Compared to Squirrel Search Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, IMSSA improves the optimal revenue by 1.03% and 1.91%, and the convergence speed by 24.24% and 38.01%, respectively.
Numerical approaches to capture fluid–structure interaction considering interfaces for offshore structures
Authors: Zhang Junhao , Chen Mingming , Shen Bohan , Zhang Dongping , Cheung Sherman C. P.
Published: January 2025

Recent developments in offshore renewable energy facilities, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic generators, often face challenges posed by the harsh offshore environments to which these structures are exposed. To ensure the continuous operation of these facilities, reliable numerical methods are urgently needed to capture the dynamics of ocean waves and their complex interactions with large-scale offshore structures. With the development of computational fluid dynamics techniques, advanced algorithms have been proposed to capture the complex fluid–structure interactions (FSI) in offshore applications. Although a variety of such algorithms have been introduced, a comprehensive review of all the latest developments in numerical modeling has not been available in the literature. To address this gap, this paper reviews recent numerical schemes and algorithms for dealing with FSI problems for offshore structures. The difficulties and challenges faced by recent algorithms are summarized, and future directions for advancing research into FSI in the offshore renewable energy field are also discussed.
Improving the structure of electric desalting vessels by CFD simulation
Authors: Han Lei , Zhang Yanling , Niu Luna , Xu Weiwei
Published: January 2025

The internal structure of electric desalting vessels is an important factor affecting the performance of crude oil dehydration and desalination. The flow and distribution of oil–water emulsions are generally not fully considered in the traditional design of a desalter. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations enable a deep understanding of oil–water two-phase flows, thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing structural design of desalters. In this paper, CFD simulations are used to study the flow of oil–water two-phase fluid in a desalting vessel with advection squirrel-cage structure in a SINOPEC refinery, revealing the defects in its electric field layout. A structural improvement scheme is then proposed, and a medium-scale bypass test is conducted. The test results show that the single-stage salt removal rate is increased from 85.4% to 92.1%. The water and salt contents in desalted oil and the oil content in brine are also significantly improved, providing a solid foundation for transformation of the related industrial equipment.
Electrokinetic energy harvesting over nanometer and sub-nanometer scales
Authors: Chakraborty Suman , Bakli Chirodeep , Roy Debmalya , Chaudhuri Abhirup , Guha Aniruddha , Patwari Aditya
Published: January 2025

Electrokinetic energy harvesting (EKEH) has emerged as a promising renewable and carbon-neutral energy source for small and large-scale applications, reducing the reliance on conventional fossil fuels and providing innovative solutions for remote, off-grid applications. The underlying mechanism of EKEH relies on the movement of dissolved electrolytes over charged fluid–solid interfaces through confinements resulting in the generation of useful power. The low energy conversion efficiency typically observed in larger (micrometer) confinements can be substantially mitigated by shifting to nanometer and sub-nanometer regimes. This down-scaling unlocks high selectivity and provides unique opportunities to potentially harness Angstrom-scale interactions to maintain and elevate fluid permeability. However, EKEH at sub-nanometric scales remains fraught with considerable challenges in fabrication, economic viability, scaling of power, and maintenance, significantly impeding its advancement. In this review, we detail the electrokinetic processes that drive energy conversion in the presence of pressure, concentration, and temperature gradients. We examine the key factors affecting conversion efficiency and explore the innovative solutions in the recent literature addressing associated challenges. Additionally, we highlight the role of novel nanomaterials and specialized geometries along with new fabrication techniques that enable high permeation without sacrificing selectivity in nanometer and sub-nanometer confinements. Finally, we delve into the major obstacles that EKEH currently faces to reach its full potential of extracting clean and affordable energy and conclude by offering insight into future developmental directions and potential breakthroughs in this rapidly evolving field.
Suppression of phase separation in AlGaInAs compositionally graded buffers for 1550 nm photovoltaic converters on GaAs
Authors: Schulte Kevin L. , Geisz John F. , Guthrey Harvey L. , France Ryan M. , da Costa Edgard Winter , Steiner Myles A.
Published: January 2025

We investigate strategies to suppress phase separation and reduce threading dislocation density (TDD) in AlGaInAs compositionally graded buffers (CGBs) that span the lattice constant range from GaAs to InP. Combining the results from high resolution x-ray diffraction, cathodoluminescence, transmission electron microscopy, and photovoltaic device measurements, we correlate the choices of epitaxial growth conditions with the defect structure of the CGBs and subsequent device performance. Both the use of substrates with high misorientation off (100) toward the (111)A plane and Zn doping instead of Si doping are shown to suppress phase separation and reduce TDD. We demonstrate a 0.74 eV GaInAs device grown on a GaAs substrate offcut 19.5° toward (111)A using a Zn-doped AlGaInAs CGB with TDD = 3.5 ± 0.2 × 106 cm−2 that has a bandgap-open circuit voltage offset of only 0.434 V measured under the AM1.5G solar spectrum. We characterized this device under high-intensity irradiance from a 1570 nm laser and measured a 31.9% peak laser power conversion efficiency at 3.6 W/cm2 irradiance. These results provide a roadmap to the manufacture of laser- and thermal-power conversion devices with the performance and cost-effectiveness needed to drive adoption of these technologies at scale.