bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New and little–known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries
Authors: MURÁNYI DÁVID
Published: February 2019

Five new taxa (Leuctra malcor sp. n., Nemoura asceta sp. n. and N. vinconi sp. n. from Albania, Leuctra mortoni feheri ssp. n. from Albania, Montenegro and Bulgaria, Nemoura anas sp. n. from Albania, Montenegro and Macedonia) are described, three new species groups within the genus Nemoura are erected (N. brevipennis, N. fusca, N. peristeri groups). Redescriptions of Nemoura peristeri Aubert, larval descriptions of Brachyptera phthiotica Berthélemy and Protonemura albanica Raušer are given; B. phthiotica is new for the Albanian fauna. Leuctra metsovonica Aubert and Chloroperla zhiltzovae Zwick are reported from Albania with doubts, their morphological differences from the typical forms are discussed. Siphonoperla graeca (Aubert) stat.n. is new for the Albanian fauna and S. neglecta (Rostock) is new for the Greek fauna. With 109 figures.
A new Amazonian Cryptocellus Westwood (Arachnida, Ricinulei)
Authors: TOURINHO ANA LÚCIA , DE AZEVEDO CLARISSA SALETTE
Published: February 2019

Cryptocellus icamiabas sp. nov. is described from an adult male from Amazonas state, Brazil. The new species is a member of the Amazonian foedus group, and is closest to Cryptocellus abaporu Bonaldo & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2003, Cryptocellus becki Platnick, 1977, and Cryptocellus simonis Hansen & Sorensen, 1904. The distribution pattern and morphology of the foedus group are briefly discussed.
Monogeneans of the malabar grouper Epinephelus malabaricus (Perciformes, Serranidae) off New Caledonia, with a description of six new species of Pseudorhabdosynochus (Monogenea: Diplectanidae)
Authors: JUSTINE JEAN-LOU , SIGURA AUDE
Published: February 2019

Eleven species were differentiated among more than 300 monogeneans collected on the gills of two wild malabar groupers, Epinephelus malabaricus, caught in the lagoon of New Caledonia, South Pacific. Diplectanids included seven species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958, which were differentiated mainly on the basis of morphology of the sclerotised vagina. P. manifestus n. sp. was the most abundant species (65–80% of the diplectanids); all other species were rare. It is characterised by morphology of its vagina, in general shape of a question mark. P. malabaricus n. sp. and P. maternus n. sp. both have a vagina with two spherical chambers, and are differentiated on the basis of measurements of these chambers. P. manipulus n. sp. has an elongate vagina with a long primary chamber. P. marcellus n. sp. has a long vagina with two bends. P. maaensis n. sp. has a long vagina with a straight primary canal and the two chambers united in a common sclerotised part. Two specimens were provisorily attributed to P. cf. shenzhenensis Yang, Zeng & Gibson, 2005. Diplectanum maa n. sp. has a funnel-shaped male copulatory organ. Two species of Haliotrema (Ancyrocephal-idae) and Pseudomegalocotyla sp. (Capsalidae) are mentioned but not described. The presence of 11 species of monogeneans in this fish, after a previous published record of 12 species in E. maculatus, provides additional argument for existence of a very rich fauna of monogeneans in groupers, and an impressive parasite biodiversity in coral reef fish in general. Lists are given for other parasites of the malabar grouper, including monogeneans, digeneans, cestodes and nematodes, including new records from New Caledonia; more than 40 parasite species have been recorded in the literature. The malabar grouper is a major fish for aquaculture in South East Asia and a precise description of its parasites is needed for identification of potential threats to farmed fish.
The study on antennal sensilla of eight Acrididae species (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) in Northeast China
Authors: LI NA , REN BING-ZHONG , LIU MIAO
Published: February 2019

The types, numbers and distributions of antennal sensilla were studied in both male and female adults of eight Acrididae species in Northeast China using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Totally, there were thirteen types of sensilla found on the antennae. They were identified as trichoid sensilla (I, II), chaetic sensilla (I, II), basiconic sensilla (I, II, III, IV, V), cavity sensilla, coeloconic sensilla, boehm's bristles and paddle-shaped sensilla. The types of antennal sensilla in each Acrididae species ranged from nine to twelve. Each of the species had the same types of antennal sensilla in male and female, and males had more abundant basiconic sensilla, chaetic sensilla, coeloconic sensilla, cavity sensilla than females. Acrida cinerca had the largest total numbers of sensilla, and Euthystria lueifemora had the fewest. Boehm's bristles had a concentration in the base of the pedicel. Paddle-shaped sensilla had a concentration in the base of the scape. There were significant differences in the distribution of the other eleven types of sensilla.
A taxonomic revision of the Paranoplocephala primordialis (Douthitt) complex (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) in voles and squirrels
Authors: HAUKISALMI VOITTO , HENTTONEN HEIKKI
Published: February 2019

This study redescribes Paranoplocephala primordialis (Douthitt) in the red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, describes two new, related species of Paranoplocephala Lühe from Microtus and Myodes (syn. Clethrionomys) voles, and summarizes the patterns of their host specificity and geographic distribution, particularly in Alaska and adjacent regions in Canada and north-eastern Siberia. Paranoplocephala nearctica n. sp. and Paranoplocephala alaskensis n. sp. are shown to be slightly, but consistently differentiated host-specific parasites of Myodes rutilus and Myodes gapperi, and Microtus miurus, respectively. The related Paranoplocephala sp. from Microtus oeconomus is also suspected to be specifically distinct, but the available material does not allow a description of a new species.Paranoplocephala primordialis-like cestodes occur widely in rodents in North America, ranging from California to Labrador and Alaska, but also in north-eastern Siberia. The specific identity of the few Eurasian specimens could not, however, be confirmed. Paranoplocephala primordialis-like species seem to be rare in all host species and regions, maximum prevalences being 8%, 3%, 6.5% and 5% for P. primordialis, P. nearctica n. sp., P. alaskensis n. sp. and Paranoplocephala sp., respectively.
On a new genus and species of euryplacid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea) from the Philippines
Authors: NG PETER K.L. , CASTRO PETER
Published: February 2019

A new genus and new species of euryplacid crab (Brachyura, Goneplacoidea) is described from the Philippines. It superficially resembles species of Carcinoplax H. Milne Edwards, 1852 (Goneplacidae) but the structure of the sternum, abdomen, and gonopods show that it is a euryplacid. Comparisons are made with Eucrate De Haan, 1835.
Phytoseiid mites of the subtribe Amblyseiina (Acari: Phytoseiidae: Amblyseiini) from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: ZANNOU IGNACE D. , DE MORAES GILBERTO J. , UECKERMANN EDDIE A. , OLIVEIRA ANIBAL R. , YANINEK JOHN S. , HANNA RACHID
Published: February 2019

This is the fifth publication in a series to determine the phytoseiid mites of sub-Saharan Africa. Thirty-one phytoseiid species of the subtribe Amblyseiina are reported in this paper. They refer to all species of this subtribe known to occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Ten of these species are described for the first time, 15 species are redescribed and 6 are not evaluated in this study. Most of those species were collected in cassava habitat in tropical Africa and in other habitats in South Africa. A key is included to help in the separation of these species.
A checklist of Turkish Neuroptera with annotating on provincial distributions
Authors: CANBULAT SAVA‘
Published: February 2019

A checklist of Turkish Neuroptera is presented. The list is based on an examination of relevant literature and personal investigations carried out between 1997 and 2007. 193 species and 6 subspecies are currently recognized as occurring in Turkey.
Taxonomy of sympatric New Zealand species of Platynereis, with description of three new species additional to P. australis (Schmarda) (Annelida: Polychaeta: Nereididae)
Authors: READ GEOFFREY B.
Published: February 2019

Metamorphosed, sexually mature Platynereis adults captured swimming nearshore at night off the New Zealand coast had major morphological differences that indicated four similar sympatric species existed, where previously only P. australis had been known. Simultaneous reproductive swarming of all taxa was possible at a locality. The three hitherto cryptic species are described as Platynereis mahanga sp. nov., P. kau sp. nov., and P. karaka sp. nov.. Paragnath arrangement and chaetal morphology are near identical in all four species. Homogomph notopodial falcigers, which are distinctive in shape in some Platynereis, are lacking in adults of this group of species. Pigmentation pattern differences and other minor variations are present in life in atokous (unmetamorphosed) benthic forms, but museum specimen atokes cannot be unambiguously separated into species by morphology. Heteronereid (metamorphosed) natatory forms of the four New Zealand species are distinct in several characters, including morphology of sperm papillae groups in males, and number of pre-natatory anterior segments in both sexes. Differences in size, habitat, peak spawning season, interbreeding, and juvenile development are noted. Morphology and biology are discussed in relation to other Platynereis. Presence of the P. australis group species beyond the continental shelf seas adjoining the three main islands is now undetermined except for P. australis at Chatham Islands, P. mahanga at the subantarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands, and P. karaka at Wanganella Bank; all prior reports of P. australis outside the New Zealand region need re-evaluation from specimens.
Cirrhigaleus australis n. sp., a new Mandarin dogfish (Squaliformes: Squalidae) from the south-west Pacific
Authors: WHITE WILLIAM T. , LAST PETER R. , STEVENS JOHN D.
Published: February 2019

A new species of Mandarin dogfish, Cirrhigaleus australis n. sp., is described based on specimens from southeastern Australia. Australian populations were previously considered to be conspecific with Cirrhigaleus barbifer from the western North Pacific and Indonesia, but recent investigations revealed that the two forms differ in morphology and in the structure of the CO1 gene. Cirrhigaleus australis has a smaller eye, shorter dorsal-caudal space, and smaller pectoral fins and dorsal fins and spines. These species are clearly separable from the only other congener, C. asper, and all other members of the family Squalidae, by the possession of a greatly produced barbel on their anterior nasal flap. The new species occurs in temperate waters of eastern Australia, and possibly New Zealand.
Revision of the family Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902 with the proposal of two new subfamilies and the description of a new species of Morishitium Witenberg, 1928 from the common snipe, Gallinago gallinago, from Texas, U.S.A.
Authors: DRONEN NORMAN O.
Published: February 2019

Based on the definition of 6 basic body types in the group, the family Cyclocoelidae is revised with the erection of Skrjabinocoelinae n. subf. and Szidatitreminae n. subf., and the resurrection of the subfamily Hyptiasminae. Subfamily keys and keys to genera that accommodate the original 3 subfamilies (Cyclocoelinae, Ophthalmophaginae, and Haematotrephinae), the 3 additional subfamilies proposed, the 6 body types used in the revision, and the recently described genus Selfcoelum are provided. Morishitium texanense n. sp. is described from the common snipe, Gallinago gallinago, in Texas, U.S.A., the genus Neoallopyge is synonymized with Allopyge, and the genus Neohyptiasmus is synonymized with Morishitium.
Huffmanela spp. (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae) parasites in coral reef fishes off New Caledonia, with descriptions of H. balista n. sp. and H. longa n. sp.
Authors: JUSTINE JEAN-LOU
Published: February 2019

Two new species of Huffmanela Moravec, 1987 are described from coral reef fishes caught off New Caledonia, South Pacific. H. balista n. sp. is described from the adults and eggs found in the swimbladder wall of a single Abalistes stellatus (Balistidae). The male, 9.9 mm long, has characteristic spermatids and spermatozoa. The female has a characteristic cuticularised anterior oesophagus. The eggs (70 × 34 µm) spontaneously hatch and release larvae, 260 µm long. H. longa n. sp. is described from a single female and from eggs collected in the mesentery, swimbladder and body walls of three Gymnocranius grandoculis (Lethrinidae). The female, although immature, is the longest (20.7 mm) of all species of the genus. The eggs (66 × 27 µm) have superficial filaments, and are differentiated from those of H. filamentosa Justine, 2004 from the same host, by their greater measurements. Eggs of Huffmanela mexicana Moravec et Fajer-Avila, 2000, are redescribed for comparison. The host of Huffmanela sp. of Justine, 2004, is identified as Pentapodus aureofasciatus. New observations on H. ossicola Justine, 2004 are reported, including new hosts (Bodianus busellatus and B. perditio), comparative measurements of eggs in various hosts and organs, description of larvae, 228 µm in length, and X-ray observations of the skeleton of an infected fish.
Redescription of the tadpoles of three species of frogs from Uruguay (Amphibia: Anura: Leiuperidae and Leptodactylidae), with notes on natural history
Authors: BORTEIRO CLAUDIO , KOLENC FRANCISCO
Published: February 2019

In this work the tadpoles of the neotropical frogs Leptodactylus latinasus, Physalaemus biligonigerus and Physalaemus riograndensis are redescribed. Relevant features of L. latinasus tadpoles are a medial vent tube, labial tooth row formula (LTRF) 2(2)/3(1), and oral disc with a single row of marginal papillae interrupted by a dorsal gap, similarly to other species within the L. fuscus species group. Tadpoles of P. riograndensis have a medial vent tube, LTRF 2(2)/2(1), oral disc with single row of marginal papillae, interrupted by a dorsal gap and usually two ventrolateral gaps. The tadpole of P. biligonigerus has a dextral vent tube, the oral disc presents a single row of marginal papillae (sometimes double ventrally) with dorsal gap, and LTRF 2(2)/2(1). Although considered relevant for the taxonomy of Physalaemus, character variation of larval external morphology is incongruous with the phenetic species group arrangements proposed up to date. A reproductive mode previously unreported for P. riograndensis and P. henselii was observed: foam nests in the humid ground outside ponds. We also report the display of deimatic behavior in L. latinasus, L. ocellatus, P. henselii, and P. biligonigerus, in the last case with exhibition of the eye-like inguinal glands.
Morphology and chaetotaxy of the larval stages of Andogyrus seriatopunctatus Régimbart (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Gyrinidae)
Authors: ARCHANGELSKY MIGUEL , MICHAT MARIANO C.
Published: February 2019

The larval stages of Andogyrus seriatopunctatus Régimbart are described and illustrated, including morphometric and chaetotaxic characters. A larval ground pattern for the chaetotaxic characters is presented; it is based on first instar larvae of A. seriatopunctatus. Unidentified larvae of Dineutus MacLeay and a third instar larva of Gyrinus argentinus Steinheil were also inspected. For chaetotaxic homologization comparisons with other adephagan families were performed, mainly with Carabidae and Dytiscidae. The ground pattern is considered provisional due to the lack of previous studies in this family. Larvae of A. seriatopunctatus are briefly compared to those of A. buqueti (Aubé). Notes on the biology of A. seriatopunctatus are also included.
A new species of Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from South China
Authors: ZHANG FENG , XU GUO-LIANG , CHEN JIAN-XIU
Published: February 2019

Willowsia guangdongensis sp. nov. from South China is described. It can be easily distinguished from other Willowsia species by the color pattern, dorsal chaetotaxy, interocular setae and labral papillae. It is most close to the worldwide species W. nigromaculata (Lubbock), 1873; however, it differs from the latter in the absence of labral papillae and dorsal chaetotaxy. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is given.
A collection of Sabellidae (Polychaeta) from Carrie Bow Cay (Belize, western Caribbean Sea) with the description of two new species
Authors: GIANGRANDE ADRIANA , LICCIANO MARGHERITA , GAMBI MARIA CRISTINA
Published: February 2019

In the framework of a research on taxonomy and ecology of selected families of polychaetes conducted at the field station of the Smithsonian Institution (Washington DC, USA) at Carrie Bow Cay (Belize, Western Caribbean Sea) on November 2005, several qualitative benthic samples from different habitats and substrate types (Thalassia testudinum shoots, fragments of dead hard corals, sponges) have been analyzed. In some of these samples, specimens of Sabellidae were found, revealing, together with some taxa already known for the area, the presence of two new species, Megalomma fauchaldi sp. nov., and Pseudoaugeneriella spongicola sp. nov., this latter representing a genus newly reported from the Caribbean. Sabellidae biodiversity and systematics between Caribbean and Mediterranean regions is also compared.
New species, new records and checklist of cicadas from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)
Authors: SANBORN ALLEN F.
Published: February 2019

Seven new species and new records for 14 species and one subspecies of cicadas from Mexico are reported. New members of the Nearctic genera Odopoea Stål, O. minuta sp.n., Chinaria Davis, C. pueblaensis sp.n., Diceroprocta Stål, D. oaxacaensis sp.n. and D. pronotolinea sp.n., Tibicen Latrielle, T. chihuahuaensis sp.n., Procollina Metcalf, P. queretaroensis sp.n., and Herrera Distant, H. coyamensis sp.n., are described. The first records of Diceroprocta cinctifera viridicosta Davis, Diceroprocta swalei (Distant), Tibicen chiricahua Davis, Tibicen chisosensis Davis, Tibicen cultriformis (Davis), Cornuplura nigroalbata (Davis), Cacama californica Davis, Cacama variegata Davis, Platypedia aperta Van Duzee, Platypedia minor Uhler, Okanagana triangulata Davis, Okanagana vanduzeei Distant, Clidophleps distanti (Van Duzee), Clidophleps distanti truncata (Van Duzee), and Clidophleps wrighti Davis from Mexico are also reported. Fidicina compostela Davis, 1934 is transferred to Fidicinoides Boulard & Martinelli. This work increases the Mexican cicada diversity by 18.8% bringing the total diversity to 117 taxa, 46.2% of which are endemic. The Mexican fauna is composed of both tropical and temperate genera with the generic diversity heavily influenced by the expansion of tropical genera into southern Mexico.
Three-Dimensional, Space-Dependent Mesoscale Diffusivity: Derivation and Implications
Authors: Canuto V. M. , Cheng Y. , Howard A. M. , Dubovikov M. S.
Published: February 2019

Recently, we presented a parameterization of an arbitrary tracer 3D mesoscale flux that describes both diabatic and adiabatic regimes without using arbitrary tapering functions. However, we did not parameterize the mesoscale diffusivity, which is the subject of this work. A key difference between the present and previous diffusivity parameterizations is that in the latter, the two main ingredients, mesoscale drift velocity and eddy kinetic energy, were not parameterized but determined using present data, which deprives the models of predictive power. Since winds, stratification, etc., are predicted to change in the future, use of these parameterizations to study future climate scenarios becomes questionable. In this work, we parameterize drift velocity and eddy kinetic energy (vertical–horizontal components), which we first assess with data [WOCE, TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), and North Atlantic Tracer Release Experiment (NATRE)] and then use in a coarse-resolution stand-alone ocean code under Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiment I (CORE-I) forcing. We present results for the global ocean temperature and salinity, Atlantic overturning circulation, meridional heat transport, and Drake Passage transport, which we compare with several previous studies. The temperature drift is less than that of five of seven previous OGCMs, and the salinity drift is among the smallest in those studies. The predicted winter Antarctic Circumpolar Current mixed layer depths (MLDs) are in good agreement with the data. Predicting the correct MLD is important in climate studies since models that predict very deep mixed layers transfer more of the radiative perturbation to the deep ocean, reducing surface warming (and vice versa).
A Modified Nonstationary Tidal Harmonic Analysis Model for the Yangtze Estuarine Tides
Authors: Gan Min , Chen Yongping , Pan Shunqi , Li Jiangxia , Zhou Zijun
Published: February 2019

Influenced by river discharge, the tidal properties of estuarine tides can be more complex than those of oceanic tides, which makes the tidal prediction less accurate when using a classical tidal harmonic analysis approach, such as the T_TIDE model. Although the nonstationary tidal harmonic analysis model NS_TIDE can improve the accuracy for the analysis of tides in a river-dominated estuary, it becomes less satisfactory when applying the NS_TIDE model to a mesotidal estuary like the Yangtze estuary. Through the error source analysis, it is found that the main errors originate from the low frequency of tidal fluctuation. The NS_TIDE model is then modified by replacing the stage model with the frequency-expanded tidal–fluvial model so that more subtidal constituents, especially the “atmospheric tides,” can be taken into account. The results show that the residuals from tidal harmonic analysis are significantly reduced by using the modified NS_TIDE model, with the yearly root-mean-square-error values being only 0.04–0.06 m for the Yangtze estuarine tides.
Do Unto Others? Individual-Level Mechanisms of Political Altruism
Authors: Giugni Marco , Grasso Maria T.
Published: February 2019

Starting from a definition of altruism as situations in which a given actor sustains harm while another actor gains benefits, we compare the behaviors of respondents in relation to the members of three main groups of beneficiaries—refugees and asylum seekers, unemployed people, and people with disabilities—through the analysis of original survey data collected in eight European countries ( N ~ 16,000) in the TransSOL project. We investigate in particular the reasons why people act on behalf of each of these three groups without being a member of any of them or having close ties with any individuals in these groups. These respondents are compared with respondents who are members of these groups and/or have close ties with people within them so as to isolate the factors underlying individual-level altruistic behavior. Our results show that political altruism emerges out of a complex combination of factors and is not simply reducible to social structural positions, subjective feelings of attachment or resources, but is the result of the interaction of these influences and that these vary when looking at support for different social groups.
The Epidemiology of Benign Voice Disorders in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Lai Ying-Ta , Wang Yuan-Hung , Yen Yu-Chun , Yu Tzu-Yun , Chao Pin-Zhir , Lee Fei-Peng , Dailey Seth
Published: February 2019

Objective:

Because there are few population-based studies regarding the epidemiology of benign voice diseases, the present study used a nationwide population-based claims database (the National Health Insurance Research Database) to investigate the epidemiology of benign voice diseases among the general adult population in Taiwan.

Methods:

Study participants were retrieved for those patients who were 20 to 90 years old with a diagnosis of benign voice diseases that were defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes from 2006 to 2014. Patient visits were grouped into infectious (ICD-9-CM: 012.3, 032.3, 034.0, 090.5, 095.8,101, 464.0, 464.20, 464.21, 465.x, 476.0, 476.1) and noninfectious (ICD-9-CM: 306.1, 478.3x, 478.4, 478.5, 748.3, 784.4x) dysphonia groups.

Results:

Benign voice disorders have a prevalence of approximately 3.6% in Taiwan as of 2014. The year-to-year prevalence decreased gradually in the query period. Infectious dysphonia diagnoses were higher than noninfectious ones. Dysphonia caused by noninfectious diagnoses was most prevalent in the 60 to 79 years age group. Dysphonia caused by infectious diagnoses was highest in 20 to 39 years group. Noninfectious dysphonia diagnoses were more common in women.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of voice disorders among the adult population in Taiwan was 3.6% in 2014. Voice disorders are more common in women and occur primarily in the 20 to 39 years age group. Infectious dysphonia is more common than noninfectious dysphonia. The results may be underestimated due to limitation of the database. This is the first population-based epidemiology study of adult voice disorders.
Facial Fractures in Young Adults: A National Retrospective Study
Authors: Povolotskiy Roman , Youssef Pavly , Kaye Rachel , Paskhover Boris
Published: February 2019

Objectives:

“Young adulthood” is a term used to define individuals falling within the 18- to 22-year-old age range. Injuries account for more than a third of emergency department visits in this population. A particular area of concern is accidents that lead to injuries of the facial bones because they can have long-term functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial impacts. As many as 30 million young adults participate in some sort of sport in the United States per year, and facial injuries from these activities are not uncommon and thus require further exploration.

Methods:

The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was used to conduct a retrospective review to explore patterns of maxillofacial fractures in young adult patients between the ages of 18 and 22 years from 2004 through 2017. The data analyzed yielded information about patient demographics, diagnoses, and associated products.

Results:

A total of 3486 emergency department visits were included in the study. The most common facial fractures were nasal fractures (64.4%), mandible fractures (12.3%), and orbital fractures (6.1%). The most common causes of fractures were sports (55.48%), fixed structures (6.39%), and stairs or steps (5.60%). The top 3 sports associated with facial fractures were basketball (25.4%), baseball (11.6%), and football (10.4%).

Conclusions:

For young adult individuals, some sort of sporting activity is common outside of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The overwhelming majority of facial fractures in this population were caused by sports, and the authors believe this issue warrants further exploration and discussion. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 8.6 million sports- and recreation-related injuries occurred per year between 2011 and 2014. Despite ever growing research and guidelines into sports injury incidence and prevention, it is clear that sports are the cause of a large portion of maxillofacial fractures in the United States.
Ultraviolet Spectral Analysis and Quantitative Detection of Heptafluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N) in a C4F7N–Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Gas Mixture
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhang Xiaoxing , Liu Chang , Li Yi , Cui Zhaolun , Fu Mingli
Published: February 2019

As an alternative to sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) with great potential for application, heptafluoroisobutyronitrile–carbon dioxide (C4F7N–CO2) gas mixture has been applied in various gas-insulated equipment. The insulation performance of the gas mixture is closely related to the mixing ratio. Therefore, accurate quantification of C4F7N in the C4F7N–CO2 gas mixture has very important engineering significance. At present, there are few reports on the rapid quantitative detection of the concentration of C4F7N in the gas mixture. In this paper, a rapid analytical method for C4F7N concentration based on ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy is constructed. The UV spectral characteristics of C4F7N molecules are calculated by density functional theory. The appropriate bands that can be detected are determined by analyzing the calculated results. A concentration detection system of C4F7N based on UV absorption spectroscopy is built. Through analysis of the calculated results and experimental results, a quantitative detection method of C4F7N in the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture is determined. The method can achieve accurate detection of the concentration of the gas mixture in the conventional application range (including 4–10% C4F7N). The coefficient of the determination R2 of the concentration inversion curve reaches 0.999 and the inversion error ratio does not exceed 5%. The related research results provide an important reference for the engineering application of the gas mixture.
A Tidal Wave of Inevitable Data? Assetization in the Consumer Genomics Testing Industry
Authors: Geiger Susi , Gross Nicole
Published: February 2019

We bring together recent discussions on data capitalism and biocapitalization by studying value flows in consumer genomics firms—an industry at the intersection between health care and technology realms. Consumer genomics companies market genomic testing services to consumers as a source of fun, altruism, belonging and knowledge. But by maintaining a multisided or platform business model, these firms also engage in digital capitalism, creating financial profit from data brokerage. This is a precarious balance to strike: If these companies’ business models consist of assetizing the pool of genomic data that they assemble, then part of their work has to revolve around obscuring to consumers any uncertainties that would potentially impinge on these processes of assemblage. We reflect on the nature of these practices and the market relationships that enable them, and we relate this reflection to debates around alternative market arrangements that would potentially mitigate the extractive tendencies of these and other digital health firms.
Pediatric Ingestions of Christmas Past, Present, and Future: A Review of Holiday Trends, 1997 to 2015
Authors: Reeves Patrick T. , Krishnamurthy Jayasree , Pasman Eric A. , Nylund Cade M.
Published: February 2019

During the observance of Christmas, many families display decorations, which increases the risk of unfettered access and subsequent ingestion of small objects by children in the home. Our aim was to characterize the epidemiology of Christmas foreign body ingestion (CFBI) by children. National Electronic Injury Surveillance System data from 1997 to 2015 were obtained for children aged 0 to 17 years who presented to United States Emergency Departments matching “ingested” for “artificial Christmas trees”; “Christmas tree lights”; “Christmas tree stands or supports”; “Christmas decorations, nonelectric”; and “Christmas decorations, electric” (excluding tree lights). An estimated 22 224 children (95% confidence Interval = 18 107-26 340) presented to the emergency department for CFBI over the study period. Children aged 2 years and younger ingested Christmas objects most frequently ( P < .001). CFBI visits demonstrated a seasonal trend ( P < .001). Christmas decoration ingestions are a frequent reason for children to present to the ED, which require dedicated awareness for appropriate diagnosis and care.
Interrogating the Notion of Self, ‘Mind’ and Personhood in Tangkhul Naga Tradition
Authors: Kapai Yuimirin
Published: February 2019

The article attempts to examine the conceptual foundation of the self, mind and personhood in the traditional thoughts of the Tangkhul Nagas and the social implications and cultural models that shaped these conceptualisations. Partly constrained by the scarcity of written accounts, I have closely looked at the language usage, etymology of words and cultural practices of the community. Ning (‘mind’) is the central concept. Rich embodied expressions associate thoughts and emotions with certain internal organs of human body. The soul resides in the liver, luck in the brain and feelings in the heart. Ning is said to be acquired. This raises the question of whether the acquisition of ‘mind’ strictly refers to an acquisition of the mental faculty or does it include social norms and other skills. Drawing from the philosophy of Mead, the central argument is that the self, mind and ‘significant symbols’ conflated in the idea of personhood.
Study on bending and tensile properties of a T-shaped hook-connected structure made of two-and-a-half-dimensional woven composites and laminated composites
Authors: Zhang Hongjian , Guo Junhua , Wen Weidong , Cui Haitao , He Shu
Published: February 2019

In this paper, a kind of T-shaped hook-connected structure, which consists of a T-shaped plate made of two-and-a-half-dimensional woven composites and a groove structure made of T300/BMP316 laminated composites, was designed as the simulator specimen of the connection structure between the vane and the case in an aero-engine. As the bending strength and tensile strength are important mechanical properties, bending tests and tensile tests, respectively, of the T-shaped hook-connected structure were conducted to study the mechanical properties and failure modes under bending and tensile loads on web. Experimental results showed that the initial damages both occur at the root-edge, and then the damages extend to the root-middle during the bending test or extend perpendicular to the root-edge to the margin of the flange during the tensile test. Then, a strength prediction method based on the progressive damage theory was developed to simulate the mechanical properties and damage processes of the T-shaped hook-connected structure under bending and tensile loads, respectively. Compared with experimental results, the maximum error is less than 10%, and the damage modes are similar.
The Legal Personality of the Commonwealth of Australia
Authors: Hartford Davis Sebastian Howard
Published: February 2019

The article analyses legal materials concerning the legal personality of the Commonwealth of Australia under domestic law. It argues that the Commonwealth as legal person has an existence, as a unit of the legal system, which is conceptually distinct from the Commonwealth of Australia as a nation, and the Commonwealth as federal government of that nation. Current idioms (eg ‘polity’ and ‘body politic’) have a tendency to confuse these distinctions. The article suggests, as a more appropriate way to denote the Commonwealth as legal person, the term ‘constitutional person’.
Civil–Military Patents and Technological Knowledge Flows Into the Leading Defense Firms
Authors: Acosta Manuel , Coronado Daniel , Ferrándiz Esther , Marín M. Rosario , Moreno Pedro J.
Published: February 2019

Drawing upon 106,181 patent applications by the world’s largest defense firms and 241,571 patent citations (2002–2011), this article has two main objectives. The first is to explore the factors affecting the production of mixed patents (those with potential dual applications in both military and civilian spheres). The second is to identify the causes of the use of military knowledge for civilian inventions ( spin-off) and the use of civilian knowledge in military patented technologies ( spin-in). Our calculations show highly significant coefficients for the variables capturing the “military technological capability” and the size of the company in explaining the production of mixed technologies. The spin-off process is affected by the military technological capability, the size of the firm, and the location. The spin-in mechanism is explained by the military technological capability and the location of the firm, while the size of the company is not relevant.
Assessing Medical Student Basic Otolaryngology Knowledge: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Pasick Luke J. , Benito Daniel , Zapanta Philip , Sataloff Robert T.
Published: February 2019

The prevalence of otolaryngologic complaints in general practice is disproportionate to the extent of otolaryngology teaching in undergraduate medical education. This is the first multi-institutional validated study used to assess basic otolaryngology knowledge among medical students in order to understand their abilities to recognize and manage these cases. A 9-question, psychometrically validated, multiple-choice quiz was distributed in June 2017 to medical students of 9 US allopathic institutions as an assessment of basic otolaryngology knowledge. A total of 547 medical student responses were used to assess basic otolaryngology knowledge, comfort levels, amount of exposure to otolaryngology, and number of times the head and neck physical examination was taught formally. Comfort in managing otolaryngologic conditions correlated positively with knowledge ( P < .001, R2 = 0.266), in addition to otolaryngology exposure correlating positively with knowledge ( P < .001, R2 = 0.284). Students intending to enter otolaryngology had higher scores ( P = .002), higher comfort levels in managing otolaryngologic cases ( P < .001), and higher comfort levels performing the head and neck examination (χ2 = 21.324, P < .001), compared with students intending to enter primary care or another surgical specialty. Clinical students in third and fourth years entering any surgical specialty (including otolaryngology), more often than students entering primary care ( P = .007), recognized the obturator as the instrument used to guide the insertion of the tracheotomy tube. Additionally, the number of times the head and neck examination was taught correlated positively with comfort in performing the examination ( rs = 0.095, P = .022). Our findings support the need for increased otolaryngologic education and training among all medical students, not only those entering otolaryngology.
Utility of the LACE Scoring System in Predicting Readmission Following Tracheotomy and Laryngectomy
Authors: Ettyreddy Abhinav R. , Kao Wee Tin Katherine , Roland Lauren T. , Rich Jason T. , Chi John J.
Published: February 2019

In the current value-based health-care environment, 30-day unplanned hospital readmissions have been identified as a quality measure and an opportunity to help reduce health-care costs. The LACE Index Scoring Tool for Risk Assessment of Death and Readmission utilizes length of stay, acuity of admission, comorbidities, and emergency department visits to stratify patients into high and low risk of readmission. A retrospective chart review of 161 patients who underwent a tracheotomy or laryngectomy for head and neck indications at a tertiary care academic center demonstrated that the readmitted patient cohort was not statistically or clinically different from the nonreadmitted cohort when comparing LACE scores ( P = .789), length of hospital stay ( P = .237), discharge disposition ( P = .569), or insurance status ( P = .85). Addressing the problem of unplanned 30-day readmissions will likely require enhanced patient education, improved coordination of care, and further research.
“We’re in This Together”: Principals and Teachers as Partners and Learners in Lesson Study
Authors: Lee Valarie , Madden Marjorie
Published: February 2019

This research proposes Lesson Study as a professional development structure that allows principals and teachers in secondary schools to meet the demands of English and disciplinary literacy standards. It is a collaborative study between a university and eight schools. The essential questions is, “How can Lesson Study broaden content knowledge and affect instructional leadership?” Data are analyzed using qualitative methods. Findings suggest the possibilities of Lesson Study in creating principal teacher partnerships to address challenges of practice in today’s schools.
Large animals in neurointerventional research: A systematic review on models, techniques and their application in endovascular procedures for stroke, aneurysms and vascular malformations
Authors: Herrmann Andrea M , Meckel Stephan , Gounis Matthew J , Kringe Leona , Motschall Edith , Mülling Christoph , Boltze Johannes
Published: February 2019

Neuroendovascular procedures have led to breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic stroke, intracranial aneurysms, and intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Due to these substantial successes, there is continuous development of novel and refined therapeutic approaches. Large animal models feature various conceptual advantages in translational research, which makes them appealing for the development of novel endovascular treatments. However, the availability and role of large animal models have not been systematically described so far. Based on comprehensive research in two databases, this systematic review describes current large animal models in neuroendovascular research including their primary use. It may therefore serve as a compact compendium for researchers entering the field or looking for opportunities to refine study concepts. It also describes particular applications for ischemic stroke and aneurysm therapy, as well as for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations. It focuses on most promising study designs and readout parameters, as well as on important pitfalls in endovascular translational research including ways to circumvent them.
Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of two cases and a literature review
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Zou Shuangwei , Gao Baohui , Qu Wanglei
Published: February 2019

A uterine tumor resembling an ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare type of neoplasm that is almost thoroughly differentiated towards ovarian sex cord elements. Because of abnormal uterine bleeding, a 64-year-old postmenopausal woman received total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Under a microscope, the tumor cells showed an anastomosing fascicular and trabecular pattern with a reticular architecture. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were positive for calretinin, Wilm’s tumor-1, and vimentin. A 33-year-old woman who suffered from menorrhagia, and was treated for bilateral salpingectomy, total abdominal hysterectomy, and bilateral ovarian biopsy, was also studied. Using histology, the patient was diagnosed with UTROSCT as shown by CD99, smooth muscle actin, calretinin, vimentin, and desmin expression. As a type of rare uterine tumor, UTROSCT can be diagnosed based on morphological and immunohistochemical conditions. Generally, these tumors are benign, but can easily relapse through incomplete resection. Hysterectomy should be performed after completion of family planning.
Complete withdrawal is the most effective approach to reduce disability in patients with medication-overuse headache: A randomized controlled open-label trial
Authors: Nielsen Mia , Carlsen Louise Ninett , Munksgaard Signe Bruun , Engelstoft Ida Maria Storm , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Bendtsen Lars
Published: February 2019

Background

Medication-overuse headache leads to high disability and decreased quality of life, and the best approach for withdrawal has been debated.

Aim

To compare change in disability and quality of life between two withdrawal programs.

Methods

We randomized medication-overuse headache patients to program A (two months without acute analgesics or migraine medications) or program B (two months with acute medications restricted to two days/week) in a prospective, outpatient study. At 6 and 12 months, we measured disability and headache burden by the Headache Under-Response to Treatment index (HURT). We estimated quality of life by EUROHIS-QOL 8-item at 2-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Primary endpoint was disability change at 12 months.

Results

We included 72 medication-overuse headache patients with primary migraine and/or tension-type headache. Fifty nine completed withdrawal and 54 completed 12-month follow-up. At 12-month follow-up, 41 patients completed HURT and 38 completed EUROHIS-QOL 8-item. Disability reduction was 25% in program-A and 7% in program-B ( p = 0.027). Headache-burden reduction was 33% in program-A and 3% in program-B ( p = 0.005). Quality of life was increased by 8% in both programs without significant difference between the programs ( p = 0.30). At 2-month follow-up, quality of life increased significantly more in program-A than program-B ( p = 0.006).

Conclusion

Both withdrawal programs reduced disability and increased quality of life. Withdrawal without acute medication was the most effective in reducing disability in medication-overuse headache patients.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02903329).
Cost–Benefit Analysis of RAP–Sand Blend Applications in Road Construction
Authors: Mousa Ragab M. , Mousa Momen R.
Published: February 2019

Generally, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been limited to asphalt mixes. Recently, this trend has changed to include using RAP in unbound pavement layers. However, the cost-effectiveness of this application is not well studied. This paper presents a methodology to conduct cost–benefit analyses for using RAP–sand blend in subgrade and subbase layers considering a general process of RAP–sand blend from different sources until it is used in construction. Eight scenarios of RAP–sand blend applications were considered. Each scenario has two pavement sections (control and alternative) and was evaluated using the mechanistic-empirical approach. The benefit of using RAP–sand blend in the alternative section was assessed in terms of saving in asphalt thickness under various equivalent single axle load (ESALs) ranging between 1 and 12 million. Four mixing options were identified, and results for Option 1 (fresh RAP and mixing at site) indicated significant saving ranging between –$ 0.48 and $9.29/m2 depending on the scenario of RAP blend utilization. The highest benefit–cost ratios were also achieved with this option. Estimated benefit–cost ratios ranged between 0.58 and 18.64 depending on the scenario and option considered in the analysis, with uneconomic situations associated with Scenario 3. In this analysis, no significant impact was found for ESALs when their values are above 1 million. Generally, the RAP–sand blend is more effective in reducing required asphalt thickness, especially when used as a subgrade or subbase layer below thinner unbound aggregate layers. The significant saving achieved may encourage future implementation of this blend.
Five-Year Performance of Improved Open-Graded Friction Course on the NCAT Pavement Test Track
Authors: Xie Zhaoxing , Tran Nam , Watson Donald E. , Blackburn Lyndi Davis
Published: February 2019

Open Graded Friction Course (OGFC) mixtures are used as the final riding surface on roadways as they offer many benefits, such as reducing hydroplaning, reducing splash and spray behind vehicles for improved driver visibility, improving wet-pavement friction, and reducing surface reflectivity during wet-weather conditions. Despite these benefits, the use of OGFC has diminished over the years due to durability and service-life issues. The typical OGFC pavements in Alabama have exhibited premature distresses (e.g., raveling) after approximately six or seven years in service. Therefore, there is a need to change the current OGFC mix design procedure to improve the mix durability. In this study, three modified OGFC mixtures were designed based on a 12.5-mm OGFC mix design previously approved by the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) and paved in three test sections (E9A, E9B, and E10) on the National Center for Asphalt Technology pavement test track to evaluate possible changes to ALDOT’s OGFC mix design procedure. The ALDOT-approved mix design lasted less than 20 million equivalent single-axle loads (ESALs) on I-85, a few miles from the test track, whereas the three modified OGFC mixtures lasted more than 20 million ESALs and remained in place for another research cycle (10 millions ESALs) on the test track. The three modified OGFC mixtures also showed improved laboratory performance characteristics compared with those of the ALDOT-approved OGFC mixture. Based on the field and laboratory test results, adjustments made in the three modified OGFC mixtures can potentially improve the long-term field performance of OGFC mixtures in Alabama.