bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomic vs. Ischemia‐Driven Strategies for Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization in Chronic Coronary Syndrome: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Giacobbe Federico , Valente Eduardo , Giannino Giuseppe , Yip Hiu Ching , De Filippo Ovidio , Bruno Francesco , Conrotto Federico , Iannaccone Mario , Zoccai Giuseppe Biondi , Gasparini Mauro , Escaned Javier , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS), the benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) added to optimal medical therapy (OMT) remains unclear. The indication to PCI may be driven either by angiographic evaluation or ischemia assessment, thus depicting different potential strategies which have not yet been thoroughly compared.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OMT versus PCI angio‐guided or versus PCI non‐invasive or invasive ischemia guided were identified and compared via network meta‐analysis. Major adverse clinical events (MACE), as defined by each included trial, were the primary endpoint, while cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), and unplanned revascularization the secondary ones.

Results

18 studies, encompassing 17,512 patients, were included, with a mean follow‐up of 3.5 years. PCI guided by ischemia defined either invasively or not was associated with a reduced risk of MACE compared with OMT alone. Furthermore, PCI guided by non‐invasive assessment of ischemia was associated with a reduced risk of MI compared with OMT (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.61 [95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.94). This strategy ranked best also in preventing CV death. Notably, iFR and FFR guided approaches showed the highest probability of performing best for reduction of subsequent revascularizations.

Conclusion

In patients with CCS, ischemia‐guided PCI, either by invasive or non‐invasive assessment, resulted in a reduced risk of MACE compared with OMT alone. The use of invasive or non‐invasive tests influenced the benefit of ischemia‐driven PCI: non‐invasive tests significantly reduced risk of MI compared with OMT, while iFR or FFR showed the highest probability of reducing the need of subsequent revascularization.
Critical Contribution of Mesoporosity to the Stability of Zeolitic Catalysts for Oleate Isomerization in Continuous Flow Reactor
Authors: Cantor Jonathan F. Sierra , Gimello Olinda , Rivière Maxime , Petitjean Hugo , Bernardi Luca , Aubert‐Pouëssel Anne , Guerrero‐Fajardo Carlos‐Alberto , Renzo Francesco Di , Tanchoux Nathalie , Gérardin Corine
Published: January 2025

Two types of hierarchical micro‐mesoporous materials, as prepared from the zeolites with structure of 10‐MR (10‐membered rings) ferrierite and 12‐MR faujasite Y, have been tested as catalysts of isomerization of methyl oleate in continuous flow conditions. The catalysts have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), NH3 thermal programmed desorption (TPD), and 27Al MAS NMR. The reaction products have been identified by GC–MS and MALDI–TOF/TOF–MS, quantified by GC–FID, and their cold‐flow properties for use as diesel biofuel have been evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The preparations of catalysts by recrystallization in cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) solution have produced different structural mesoporosity in the two kinds of zeolites, with filling of previous mesopores in faujasite and opening of a bottle‐necked negative‐crystal mesoporosity in ferrierite. This last type of material has remarkably improved the stability of the isomerization reactions, with 98 wt% conversion of methyl oleate and 55% selectivity of branched monoenoic fatty esters upon 8 h time‐on‐flow, an uncommon result among the literature available on the continuous‐flow experiments. The better results obtained on ferrierite catalysts, with crystallization points on the average 8 °C lower than for faujasite catalysts, have confirmed the shape selectivity of ferrierite structure for alkene isomerization reactions.
Exhaust Treatment for Engines Operated with the Synthetic Diesel Fuel OME: Low‐Temperature Oxidation of Formaldehyde and CO by Pt/Ceria Catalysts
Authors: Eisenbeil Daniel , Haas Michael , Dreizler Andreas , Votsmeier Martin
Published: January 2025

C1‐based synthetic fuels like oxymethylene ether (OME) are sulfur‐free, and their combustion forms negligible amounts of soot. This results in reduced ageing requirements and can enable the development of cost‐efficient catalyst technologies. This work focuses on the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO), which is increasingly formed during the combustion of C1‐based fuels such as OME, methanol, or CH4. The oxidation of HCHO on Pt/Al2O3 is inhibited by CO, so that in real exhaust containing CO and NO, full conversion of HCHO is only observed at ∼200 °C. The main discovery of this paper is that on Pt/ceria the oxidation of HCHO is not inhibited by CO, so that full conversion of HCHO is achieved already at ∼100 °C even in the presence of CO. To demonstrate the performance of the new catalyst under realistic operating conditions, a dynamic HCHO dosing unit was developed, allowing to reproduce transient vehicle driving cycles on a lab‐scale test rig. Using this novel setup, the Pt/ceria catalyst shows virtually full conversion of HCHO (99,8%) and CO (98,5%) over an OME cold‐start driving cycle, where the conventional Pt/Al2O3 oxidation catalyst with four‐times higher Pt loading shows only 81% and 62% conversion, respectively.
Effect of potassium‐waterglass composition on strength development and leaching behavior of geopolymers in different curing conditions
Authors: Siciliano Umberto C. C. S. , Trindade Ana C. C. , Silva Flávio de Andrade
Published: January 2025

This study delves into the impact of different potassium‐waterglass (K‐WG) compositions on the early reaction dynamics and strength evolution in metakaolin‐based geopolymers (GP). By maintaining a constant SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 4, the study explores the influence of varying H2O/K2O and K2O/Al2O3 ratios on GP properties under both dry and saturated curing conditions. Early reaction kinetics are examined using isothermal calorimetry at room temperature (21°C), and pH measurements provide insights into alkali leaching. A strong correlation was found between total heat release and strength gain, as evidenced by ultrasonic cement analyzer (UCA) readings. The study further identifies that increased H2O/K2O ratios prolong setting times and delay the geopolymerization peaks, while a higher K2O/Al2O3 ratio enhances the geopolymerization process. Vicat tests confirmed the results obtained by calorimetry and UCA: only the GP4 formulation (H2O/K2O = 8.7 and K2O/Al2O3 = 1.3) hardened in less than 7 days. Additionally, it was found that saturated curing conditions decelerate strength development, with an initial notable decline in compressive strength at 24 h compared with dry curing. However, this difference diminishes to a negligible 7.6% after 3 days. Optimal ratios of H2O/K2O = 8.7 and K2O/Al2O3 = 1.3 were determined to be critical for achieving reliable strength measurements at 1 day of curing. pH assessments indicated strong water resistance in all GP formulations, with leaching primarily governed by diffusion mechanisms. Specifically, the K‐WG composition with SiO2/K2O = 1.53 and H2O/K2O = 8.69 showcased minimal leachability. These fundamental findings are crucial for the later design of GP materials that require rapid strength development, especially crucial for applications necessitating cementing under extreme conditions, such as deep‐sea drilling, geothermal energy production, and high‐temperature industrial processes.
Rapid on‐site evaluation using telecytology: Quality assurance study at a high‐volume cancer center
Authors: Alhamar Mohamed , Rudomina Dorota , Wang Lu , Feratovic Rusmir , Oen Handy , Lin Oscar , Wei Xiao‐Jun
Published: January 2025

Background

Telecytology‐assisted rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) offers a cost‐effective method to enhance minimally invasive biopsies like fine needle aspiration and core biopsies with touch preparation. By reducing nondiagnostic sampling and the need for repeat procedures, ROSE via telecytology facilitates prompt triage for ancillary tests, improving patient management. This study examines cases initially deemed adequate for diagnosis during telecytology‐assisted ROSE but later categorized as nondiagnostic at final evaluation (NDIS).

Design

We performed a retrospective analysis of telecytology‐assisted ROSE cases over 7 years at a major cancer center, focusing on fine needle aspiration and touch preparation of core biopsies. Each case was thoroughly reviewed, correlating with clinical data and concurrent core biopsies or subsequent excisions. The study identified leading factors contributing to NDIS.

Results

The average NDIS rate was 0.06% (42/70,612). Misinterpretation of benign or reactive cells as neoplastic was the leading cause (76.2%) of discrepancies between original ROSE and final diagnosis. Kidney biopsies had the highest NDIS rate (0.90%), primarily because of misinterpreting nonneoplastic cells. Thyroid biopsies were linked to quantitative threshold issues (0.10%). NDIS events were most associated with misinterpretation in kidney, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and lung biopsies.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the NDIS rate in telecytology‐assisted ROSE is low, but quality assurance identified areas for improvement. Recognizing site‐specific pitfalls during telecytology‐assisted ROSE can enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient care.
Single GAF Domain Phytochrome Exhibits a pH‐Dependent Shunt on the Millisecond Timescale
Authors: Trunk Florian , Köhler Lisa , Fischer Tobias , Gärtner Wolfgang , Song Chen , Slavov Chavdar , Wachtveitl Josef
Published: January 2025

The light‐sensing activity of phytochromes is based on the reversible light‐induced switching between two isomerization states of the bilin chromophore. These photo‐transformations may not necessarily be only unidirectional, but could potentially branch back to the initial ground state in a thermally driven process termed shunt. Such shunts have been rarely reported, and thus our understanding of this process and its governing factors are limited. Here, we aim to close this gap by providing coherent experimental evidence of a shunt process using UV/Vis laser flash photolysis. We studied the Pfr to Pr dynamics of the single GAF domain (g1) construct of the knotless phytochrome All2699 from cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. We identified a shunt that can be switched on and off by ambient buffer conditions. In combination with H/D exchange and kinetic modeling, we propose a keto‐enol tautomerism to allow for the thermal isomerization of the chromophore and act as the driver of the shunt transition.
Effect of Carbon Nanotubes Conductors on Electrolyte Wettability and Electrochemical Performance of Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Dong Shaohai , Lyu Yuhang , Guo Zhan‐Sheng
Published: January 2025

Electrolyte wettability significantly effects the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, buoyancy testing is employed to accurately measure the force‐time curve of electrolyte penetration into the electrodes and thereby calculate the wettability rate. Electrochemical performance is comprehensively evaluated through CR2025 coin half‐cell testing, four‐point probe analysis, and C‐rate cycling experiments. The effects of conductive agent content, morphology, and size on wettability, conductivity and electrochemical performance are investigated. The results show that carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive agent have strong effect on electrolyte wettability, conductivity, and electrochemical performance. Specifically, electrodes with 3 % CNT content show a 48.9 % increase in wettability, a 95.7 % reduction in electrode resistance, and a 10 % increase in cycle life compared to 1 % CNT. The results show that wettability and conductivity have an equally important effect on electrochemical properties. Larger CNT sizes improve wettability but increase electrode resistance, negatively impacting LIB performance. CNT conductive agents facilitate electrolyte movement along the nanotubes, reducing tortuosity and enhancing wettability. Optical observation of the wetting process on the surface and cross‐section of the pure conductive agent electrode strongly supports this conclusion. These results provide valuable insight into optimizing LIB performance by manipulating CNT properties and incorporating them as conductive agents.
Saudi Young Women #Activism: The Online Discourse Against the Male Guardianship System
Authors: Khalid Rola
Published: January 2025

In Saudi Arabia, it is illegal for women to constitute political parties, form civil society organizations, or participate in political demonstrations. Nonetheless, Saudi Arabia young women have had the chance to take advantage of social media's ability to bring sociopolitical change, to freely express themselves, fight for their rights, voice their opinions, and draw attention to and confront the country's oppressive political and social conditions for women, particularly the male guardianship system. The #EndMaleGuardianshipSystem Twitter campaign, which started in 2016, has received the most attention out of all the women's online campaigns in Saudi Arabia. Twitter's ability to organize, record, and publicize content has given young Saudi women the confidence to voice their social and political ideas and demands and to campaign against this system. This article assesses the communication tactics and online discourse used by Saudi young women in their hashtag activism against the male guardianship system while addressing the question: What kind of online discourse was produced and shared against the male guardianship system? For this purpose, an online observation was conducted for the (سعوديات نطالب باسقاط الولاية# [#EndMaleGuardianshipSystem]), where three thousand tweets were collected and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The research led to the identification of three communication strategies that were used by Saudi women: (1) political soft and assertive communication strategy; (2) religious medium and persuasive communication strategy; and (3) social hard and educative communication strategy.
Zayani, Mohammed, and Joe F. Khalil. 2024. The Digital Double Bind: Change and Stasis in the Middle East. New York: Oxford University Press
Authors: Anderson Jon W.
Published: January 2025

Summarizing the past twenty‐plus years of internet media studies on the Middle East, this study pulls together thinking and findings about digital citizenship, frames, and sites of contention, “new” voices and “virtual” lives online, e‐commerce and “knowledge” economies, “connected” culture and digital identities in the region. Its overall methodology is to assess how large, generic models apply to regional experience. The authors, who work and teach there, press beyond older diffusion‐of‐innovations paradigms to remap stasis and change bracketed by interplays of informational freedom and state management of communication as digital double binds, finding liberalizations on the margins more of personal and artistic expression than of political mobilization.
Association of Phosphate Supplements With Refeeding Oedema in Restrictive Eating Disorders
Authors: Khatri Vishnupriya , Stein Amy , Mehler Philip S. , Gibson Dennis
Published: January 2025

Objective

Refeeding oedema, believed to result from the effects of insulin on renal sodium retention and subsequent oedema formation, typically occurs during the first 2 weeks after reintroduction of nutrition in individuals with severe malnutrition and can intensify body image distress in patients with eating disorders (EDs). Phosphate supplements have been found to increase insulin sensitivity, and it is hypothesised that they may also contribute to refeeding oedema in patients with EDs.

Method

In this retrospective cohort study of 633 patients with severe malnutrition due to anorexia nervosa (AN) or avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), the impact of phosphate supplementation on the rate of weight gain was investigated.

Results

39% of patients required treatment with phosphate supplements during their hospital course. Patients in the phosphate supplement group had significantly more weight gain than the cohort who did not receive a phosphate supplement (p < 0.05). The rate of weight gain also increased, in the phosphate supplement group, as admission body mass index decreased.

Conclusions

This is the first study to suggest that crucial phosphate supplementation contributes to refeeding oedema in patients with EDs. Future studies should seek to better understand the relationship between phosphate supplementation and weight trends in order to optimise clinical management.
The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID
Authors: Monsees Daniel , Schmitz Hendrik
Published: January 2025

We study the effect of education on vaccination against COVID in Germany in a sample of individuals above the age of 60. In ordinary least squares regressions, we find that, in this age group, one more year of education goes along with a 0.7 percentage point increase in the likelihood to get a COVID vaccination. In two stage least squares regressions where changes in compulsory schooling laws are used as exogenous variation for education, the effect of an additional year of education is estimated to be zero. The results hold for the compliers to the policy change which are older individuals at the lowest margin of education.
A low‐cost and high‐fidelity animal model for nonpalpable implant removal: A pilot study
Authors: Chene Gautier , Cerruto Emanuele , Nohuz Erdogan
Published: January 2025

Synopsis

Our preliminary results seem to confirm that our low‐cost animal model training for deep contraceptive implant removal might be an easy‐to‐use and reproducible training program.
Active Retirement‐w: A Qualitative Case Study of Retirement to Work Career Transition in Pakistan
Authors: Asif Laraib , Qureshi Henna A. , Jahan Nadia
Published: January 2025

The career development cycle of an individual's work life culminates at the retirement stage. However, research indicates that many people tend to work after the retirement stage due to various socioeconomic and personal needs. The issues and challenges faced by individuals seeking post‐retirement work are a less explored area. Therefore, there was a need to address the challenges of the growing number of retirees re‐entering the labor force. The present study focuses on the challenges faced by individuals seeking post‐retirement work in Pakistan and the need for career counseling services in Pakistan. This is an exploratory qualitative study. Fifteen in‐depth interviews were conducted with individuals seeking post‐retirement work. The data were collected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded simultaneously. Reflexive Thematic Analysis by Braun and Clark guided the analysis process. Three major themes emerged with multiple subthemes and supporting codes that include (i) prevalent practices, (ii) labor market challenges, and (iii) adjustment strategies. The findings of the study suggest a career guidance framework for active retirement‐w. The framework may be used by career guidance experts and the HR departments to make the career transition smooth for individuals seeking active retirement.
Experimental and Computational NMR Studies of Large Alkaloids Exemplified With Vindoline Trimer: Advantages and Limitations
Authors: Semenov Valentin A. , Zinchenko Sergey V. , Massiot Georges , Krivdin Leonid B.
Published: January 2025

The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of a trimeric vindoline together with its individual components, dimeric vindolicine and monomeric vindoline, are performed based on a thorough analysis of the ROESY, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC spectra in combination with the state‐of‐the‐art quantum‐chemical calculations. A spatial structure of vindoline trimer is determined by means of computational conformational analysis in combination with the probability distribution map of its basic conformers. On the example of monoterpene indole alkaloid, the trimer vindoline, the present study reveals the power of modern computational NMR to perform identification and stereochemical studies of large natural compounds with some limitations, which may arise in the quantum chemical computing workflow.
Salmonellentest in der Pipettenspitze
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian
Published: January 2025

Über einen roten Farbfleck zeigt ein neuer Biosensor an, wenn Lebensmittel eine gesundheitsgefährdende Konzentration des Bakteriums Salmonella typhimurium enthalten. Der Test lässt sich außerhalb eines Analytiklabors durchführen und liefert innerhalb einer Stunde Ergebnisse.
Wie sich Recyclingprodukte schützen lassen
Authors: Bettermann Alexandra , Marsch Miriam
Published: January 2025

Neu und erfinderisch müssen Produkte oder Techniken sein, die patentiert werden sollen – bei Recyclingmaterialien oder ‐prozessen ist das oft schwierig nachzuweisen. Es kann helfen, Patentschutz‐Kategorien zu kennen und diese kreativ sowie mit fachkundiger Beratung zu nutzen.
„Platz für Neugier und das Spielerische einräumen“
Authors: Simmchen Juliane
Published: January 2025

Ein Preis für Neugier? Warum nicht, dachte sich der Physiker Mario Markus und stiftete kurzerhand einen Preis für ludische Wissenschaften. Für die damit ausgezeichnete Juliane Simmchen ist die curiosity driven science – also Forschen aus Lust am Entdecken – nicht nur bloßer Luxus, sondern ein goldener Weg zu Entdeckungen.
Nachruf: Andrew Victor Schally (1926 – 2024)
Authors: Engel Jürgen , Kleemann Axel , Offermanns Heribert
Published: January 2025

Andrew Victor Schally gelangte zu höchsten akademischen Ehrungen – seine Forschung setzte aber auch für die Arzneimittelentwicklung Maßstäbe.
Silikone zu neuem Leben erwecken
Authors: Wolf Andreas T.
Published: January 2025

Von Schnuller und Handyhülle bis zu Baudichtstoff oder Herzschrittmacher – Silikone sind derzeit unverzichtbar. Aus Silikonabfällen Rohstoffe zurückzugewinnen, trägt zu einer umwelt‐ und ressourcenschonenden Kreislaufwirtschaft bei.
Der molekulare Riecher
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: January 2025

Seit den 1990er Jahren sind die Rezeptoren des Geruchssinns bekannt – erst jetzt erschließen Strukturuntersuchungen ihre Erkennungsmechanismen. Gerüche vorherzusagen und neue Geruchsstoffe zu entwerfen, ist noch schwierig; dabei soll nun künstliche Intelligenz helfen.
Dem Rätsel der Neutronenlebensdauer auf der Spur
Authors: Koch Benjamin , Hummel Felix
Published: January 2025

Eine neue Hypothese könnte erklären, warum verschiedene Experimente zu abweichenden Ergebnissen bei der Neutronenlebensdauer führen. Der Grund könnte in bislang unbekannten Anregungszuständen des Neutrons liegen.
Stroboskopbilder mit Clipstro erstellen
Authors: Vogt Patrik , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen
Published: January 2025

Mit Clipstro lassen sich Stroboskopbilder unkompliziert erzeugen, was insbesondere eine qualitative Analyse von Bewegungen ermöglicht. Die App kombiniert dazu mehrere Frames eines Videos zu einem Gesamtbild.
Mechanistic Multiscale Simulations and Charge Transport Properties of Amorphous and Crystalline α‐NPD Molecular Conformations: Insights From Molecule to Material Level
Authors: Koudjina Simplice , Kumar Vipin , Tripathi Anuj , Atohoun Guy Yacole Sylvain , Gbenou Joachim Djimon , Chetti Prabhakar
Published: January 2025

The optoelectronic and charge transfer integral properties of N,N′‐di(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐4,4′‐diamine (α‐NPD) organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) in amorphous and crystalline structures is studied based on the Marcus–Levitch–Jortner theory and quantum chemistry calculations. The charge transfer integral simulations have been investigated through hole‐hopping regime from molecule‐to‐molecule in dimers molecules and are determined by frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) for hole and electron transport. Quantum approaches with TD/DFT and DFT have been used to describe the most relevant electronic transitions of α‐NPD, which present character in harmony with the solvent states. Furthermore, the obtained results reveal that geometric deformations have been relied to naphthalene form and benzene rings in α‐NPD structures, and the charge transfer integral in amorphous state shows and , and in the crystalline state, it shows and . Comparing the transfer integrals average of hole/electron in the both amorphous and crystalline states, a higher value of hole transfer is explored in the amorphous form. The charge transfer transition obtained from FMO states and density of states (DOS), as well as reorganization energies values, indicates that α‐NPD would be an effective organic electronic hole transport material.
Connections After Cancer: Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors' Perspectives on Forming New Friendships After Cancer
Authors: Miron Carly D. , Ahmad Zeba N. , Ford Jennifer S.
Published: January 2025

Objective

The psychological and social challenges of an adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer diagnosis often transcend physical health, impacting one's social network during a time when peer connections may be most crucial for support. The current study examines adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors' perspectives on how cancer impacts their thoughts and behaviors toward forming new peer relationships.

Methods

Thirty‐five YA survivors (Mean age = 33 ± 5.67 years) diagnosed with cancer between 18 and 39 years participated in individual semi‐structured interviews. Interviews were coded and analyzed to identify major themes.

Results

When pursuing friendships with non‐cancer peers, survivors mentioned discomfort in disclosing, connection through mutual hardship, and revised outlooks on friendship. While befriending new non‐cancer peers offered opportunities to be surrounded by positive people, seeking out these friendships was complicated by a desire to find people who understood hardship and could respond well to their cancer status. When forming relationships with cancer peers, AYAs emphasized the shared cancer experience, wariness of negative exposures, and consideration of similarity in cancer factors. They sought shared understanding and validation from cancer peers but were also cautious about exposure to reminders of illness and mindful that certain dissimilarities could hinder the establishment of meaningful connections.

Conclusions

Findings provide insight into the complex ways that cancer shapes AYA survivors' approach to forming friendships post‐diagnosis, presenting guidance on tailored support interventions and resources that can aid in fostering healthy peer relationships and enhance well‐being among AYA survivors.
Enhanced Discriminability of Viral Vectors in Viscous Nanopores
Authors: Tsutsui Makusu , Tsunekawa Yuji , Wada Mikako , Arima Akihide , Onodera Azusa , Nishina Masumi , Nagoya Miho , Baba Yoshinobu , Kawai Tomoji , Okada Takashi
Published: January 2025

Achieving safe and efficient gene therapy hinges upon the inspection of genomes enclosed within individual nano‐carriers to mitigate potential health risks associated with empty or fragment‐filled vectors. Here solid‐state nanopore sensing is reported for identifications of intermediate adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors in liquid. The method exploits the phenomenon of translocation slowdown induced by the viscosity of salt water‐organic mixtures. This enables real‐time ionic current measurements allowing precise tracking of the electroosmotic flow‐driven motions of recombinant AAV vectors in a nanopore. The resulting ionic signals facilitate discrimination between replicative intermediates carrying ssDNA fragments and its full vector counterparts based on genome length‐derived subtle nanometer differences in the viral diameters. This rapid and non‐destructive means of genome analysis within virus capsids provides a promising avenue toward a robust methodology for ensuring the integrity of AAV vectors before administration.
In Vivo Evidence for the Preventive Role of Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton in Indomethacin‐Induced Gastric Ulcer: Focusing on Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Apoptotic Mechanisms
Authors: Aydin Ismail Cagri , Ferah Okkay Irmak , Okkay Ufuk , Ozkaraca Mustafa , Yesilyurt Fatma , Yilmaz Aysegul , Cicek Betul , Karatas Ozhan , Kalkandelen Hilal Kadioglu , Aydin Bilge , Hacimuftuoglu Ahmet , Karakaya Songul , Güvenalp Zuhal , Abd El‐Aty A. M.
Published: January 2025

The present study aimed to unveil the gastroprotective potential of Vaccinium macrocarpon (VM) extract and its mechanism of action against indomethacin (INDO)‐induced gastric ulcers in rats. To achieve this goal, rats were pretreated with either omeprazole (20 mg/kg) or VM (100 mg/kg) orally for 14 consecutive days. Gastric tissue samples were collected and various parameters were evaluated to understand the mechanism of VM's action, including the levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione, CAT and transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), as well as the mRNA expression levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and inhibitor kappa B (IκB). Additionally, the immunopositivity of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1, COX‐2, PGE2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase‐3 was assessed. The total amount of phenolic compounds present in the VM extract was high (58.08 µg/mL gallic acid equivalent/mg extract). The healing effect of VM was demonstrated by an increase in the expression of PCNA. Furthermore, the level of TGF‐β was found to increase upon treatment with VM. Analyses of COX‐1, COX‐2 and PGE2 expression in gastric tissue confirmed the gastroprotective effect of VM. Notably, the expression of NF‐κB was markedly reduced, whereas that of IκB was substantially increased. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate that VM extract has gastroprotective and curative effects against INDO‐induced ulcers through its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, mucosal regenerative and anti‐apoptotic activities. Therefore, VM may serve as a useful adjuvant treatment for nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs–induced gastric ulcer disease.
“Obvious, Clear, and in Front of Our Eyes”: Defending the Science of Astrology by Means of Experience
Authors: Burnett Charles
Published: January 2025

In premodern Islamic astrology, the demarcation between knowledge gained by experience and theoretical knowledge is difficult to discern. Astrology is often described as a ṣināʿa (craftṣināʿa or profession) rather than an ʿilm (science) and is therefore comparable to other ṣināʿāt (crafts)—such as animal husbandry, midwifery, andnavigation—in which skill is combined with experience (tajriba, experimentum). Common to all these crafts is also the experience of one’s teachers and predecessors. What is added by the astrologers, along with the doctors, is the structured ordering of such experiences in written form and the attempt to explain the experienced phenomena on a theoretical basis. Both astrologers and doctors were subject to examinations by authorities, with the aim of proving that they had scientific knowledge that could be applied in practice. This study focuses on the contribution to the discussion of theory and practice of the Great Introduction toAstrology by Abū Maʿshar (Albumasar, 787–886 CE).
An effective framework for strange metallic transport
Authors: Douçot Benoît , Mukhopadhyay Ayan , Policastro Giuseppe , Samanta Sutapa , Swain Hareram
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Semi-holography, originally proposed as a model for conducting lattice electrons coupled to a holographic critical sector, leads to an effective theory of non-Fermi liquids with only a few relevant interactions on the Fermi surface in the large N limit. A refined version of such theories has only two effective couplings, which give holographic and Fermi-liquid-like contributions to the self-energy, respectively.

We show that a low co-dimension sub-manifold exists in the space of refined semi-holographic theories in which strange metallic behavior is manifested and which can be obtained just by tuning the ratio of the two couplings. On this sub-manifold, the product of the spectral function and the temperature is approximately independent of the critical exponent, the Fermi energy, and the temperature at all frequencies and near the Fermi surface when expressed in terms of suitably scaled momentum and frequency variables. This quasi-universal behavior leads to linear-in-T dc resistivity and Planckian dissipation over a large range of temperatures, and we also obtain T−3 scaling of the Hall conductivity at higher temperatures.

The quasi-universal spectral function also fits well with photoemission spectroscopic data without varying the critical exponent with the doping.

Combining with the results for optical conductivity, we construct a generalized version of Drude phenomenology for strange-metallic behavior, which satisfies non-trivial consistency tests.

Finally, we discuss a possible dynamical mechanism for the fine-tuning of the ratio of the two couplings necessary to realize the strange metallic behavior in a typical state.
Accidental suppression of Wilson coefficients in Higgs coupling
Authors: Bao Yunjia , Gu Jiayin , Liu Zhen , Shu Chi , Wang Lian-Tao
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Higgs couplings are essential probes for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) since they can be modified by new physics, such as through the Higgs portal interaction $$ {\left|H\right|}^2\mathcal{O} $$

H

2

O
. These modifications influence Higgs interactions via dimension-6 operators of the form (∂|H|2)2 and |H|6, which are generally expected to be of comparable size. This paper discusses a phenomenon of accidental suppression, where the |H|6 coupling is significantly smaller than (∂|H|2)2. This suppression, arising from the truncation of the tree-level effective potential, lacks a clear symmetry explanation but persists in portal models. This paper aims to inspire further studies on additional instances of accidental suppression without symmetry explanations or a general framework to characterize such suppression. We also discuss constraints, at the HL-LHC and future colliders, on the Wilson coefficients of the two dimension-6 operators for various benchmark scenarios of the concrete model.
Dihadron correlations in small-x DIS at NLO: transverse momentum dependent fragmentation
Authors: Caucal Paul , Salazar Farid
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We compute the inclusive dihadron cross-section in Deep Inelastic Scattering at next-to-leading order (NLO) and small x in the Color Glass Condensate. We focus on the kinematic limit where the hadrons are produced at forward rapidities (in the direction of the virtual photon) and back-to-back in the transverse plane. Our calculation demonstrates that the coefficient of the Sudakov double logarithm for this process is $$ -\frac{\alpha_s}{2\pi}\left[{C}_F+\frac{N_c}{2}\right] $$
−

α
s

2
π

C
F

+

N
c

2

instead of $$ -\frac{\alpha_s{N}_c}{4\pi } $$
−

α
s

N
c

4
π

when back-to-back jets are measured in the final state. To preserve the universality of the Sudakov soft factor associated with the Weizsäcker-Williams transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon distribution, we promote the collinear fragmentation functions into TMD fragmentation functions. We then perform the resummation of the Sudakov logarithms through Collins-Soper-Sterman evolution of the TMD fragmentation functions and the Weizsäcker-Williams TMD gluon distribution. Finally, analytic expressions are obtained for the NLO coefficient functions in the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

-scheme. These results pave the way towards numerically calculating dihadron correlations at small x at the future Electron-Ion Collider with full NLO accuracy.
Barr-Zee diagrams at a high-energy muon collider
Authors: Homiller Samuel , Lodman Jackie , Parikh Aditya , Reece Matthew
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The sensitivity of electron EDM experiments has been increasing at a rapid pace, and could yield indications of new physics in the coming decade. An intriguing possibility is that an EDM signal could be generated by new, electroweak-charged particles at the TeV scale that couple to the Higgs and contribute to the electron EDM at two-loop order via Barr-Zee diagrams. A high-energy muon collider could decisively search for new physics at this scale. In this work, we explore this complementarity between colliders and EDM experiments, and note that Barr-Zee diagrams from the aforementioned particles are closely related to vector-boson scattering processes at a muon collider. These loop corrections lead to kinematic features in the differential cross sections of these processes, dictated by the optical theorem. We demonstrate this connection in the context of the singlet-doublet and doublet-triplet extensions to the SM, explore the detectability of these features at a muon collider experiment, and discuss how these measurements can be used to ascertain the underlying model parameters.
Bispectral duality and separation of variables from surface defect transition
Authors: Jeong Saebyeok , Lee Norton
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We study two types of surface observables − the Q-observables and the H-observables − of the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 A1-quiver U(N) gauge theory obtained by coupling a 2d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) gauged linear sigma model. We demonstrate that the transition between the two surface defects manifests as a Fourier transformation between the surface observables. Utilizing the results from our previous works, which establish that the Q-observables and the H-observables give rise, respectively, to the Q-operators on the evaluation module over the Yangian Y($$ \mathfrak{gl} $$
gl
(2)) and the Hecke operators on the twisted $$ \hat{\mathfrak{sl}} $$

sl
̂

(N)-coinvariants, we derive an exact duality between the spectral problems of the $$ \mathfrak{gl} $$
gl
(2) XXX spin chain with N sites and the $$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
(N) Gaudin model with 4 sites, both of which are defined on bi-infinite modules. Moreover, we present a dual description of the monodromy surface defect as coupling a 2d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) gauged linear sigma model. Employing this dual perspective, we demonstrate how the monodromy surface defect undergoes a transition to multiple Q-observables or H-observables, implemented through integral transformations between their surface observables. These transformations provide, respectively, ħ-deformation and a higher-rank generalization of the KZ/BPZ correspondence. In the limit ε2 → 0, they give rise to the quantum separation of variables for the $$ \mathfrak{gl} $$
gl
(2) XXX spin chain and the $$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
(N) Gaudin model, respectively.
Genus 2 Seiberg-Witten curves for rank 2 $$ \mathcal{N} $$ =4 superYang-Mills theories
Authors: Argyres Philip C. , Martone Mario , Yu Zekai
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We determine new genus 2 Seiberg-Witten curves for four dimensional rank 2 absolute $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
=4 superYang-Mills theories using the automorphism twist approach. The conformal manifolds of these curves agree with those predicted by S-duality orbits of global structures, and we use this to identify which of the two S-duality orbits of the $$ \mathfrak{so}(5)\simeq \mathfrak{sp}(4) $$
so

5

≃
sp

4

superYang-Mills theory the genus-2 curve corresponds to. We also compare the curves to earlier constructions of Seiberg-Witten curves for these theories as spectral curves of integrable systems. These spectral curves have genus greater than the rank, and so only give a Coulomb branch geometry upon projection to a sublattice of the homology lattice of the curves. We show how to determine the correct sublattice projection, and find that the integrable system curves do not apply to our theories.
Loop-induced masses for the first two generations with optimum flavour violation
Authors: Mohanta Gurucharan , Patel Ketan M.
Published: January 2025

Abstract

A mechanism for the masses of third, second, and first generation charged fermions at the tree, 1-loop, and 2-loop levels, respectively, is proposed. The fermionic self-energy corrections that lead to this arrangement are induced through heavy vector bosons of a new gauged flavour symmetry group GF. It is shown that a single Abelian group suffices as GF. Moreover, the gauge charges are optimized to result in relatively smaller flavour violations in processes involving the first and second generation fermions. The scheme is explicitly implemented on the Standard Model fermions in an anomaly-free manner and is shown to be viable with observed charged fermion masses and quark mixings. Constraints from flavour violations dictate the lower limit on the new physics scale in these types of frameworks. Through optimal flavour violation, it is shown that nearly two orders of magnitude improvement can be achieved on the lower limit, leading to the new physics scale ≥ 103 TeV in this case. Further improvements are possible at the cost of the down quark mass deviating more than 3σ from its value extracted from lattice calculations. Options for inducing tiny masses for light neutrinos are also discussed.
Enumerating 6D supergravities with T ≤ 1
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Loges Gregory J.
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The space of 6D supergravities with minimal supersymmetry is greatly constrained by anomaly cancellation. Nevertheless, a large number of models satisfy all low-energy consistency conditions and in this work we make progress towards exhaustively enumerating all anomaly-free models with at most one tensor multiplet. Generalizing previous techniques, we describe a general algorithm using multi-hypergraphs and simplicial complexes to systematically enumerate anomaly-free models with gauge groups of any number of simple factors and with hypermultiplets falling into any representations. Using these new ideas, we obtain a complete list of anomaly-free models for T ≤ 1, the only simplifying assumption being that the gauge group contains no U(1), SU(2), SU(3) or Sp(2) factors. We also study which and how many models in this ensemble satisfy several UV and swampland bounds which have been proposed and previously utilized to great effect, finding that none are ruled out for T = 0 and ≈ 50% are inconsistent with quantum gravity for T = 1.
On measuring distances in the quantum gravity landscape
Authors: Mohseni Amineh , Montero Miguel , Vafa Cumrun , Valenzuela Irene
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In this note, we propose a generalized notion of distance between vacua in the theory of a scalar field ϕ with scalar potential V (ϕ) coupled to gravity. We propose the normalized tension of domain wall connecting different field values, with a varying normalization relative to a local energy scale, as the distance. We show this definition reproduces the usual moduli space distance for zero potential, as well as the d ∝ |log Λ| behavior with the vacuum energy Λ in the AdS case, previously proposed in the literature. In the case of large AdS we also obtain the expected exponent of mass versus distance in one particular case, when the mass of the light tower is m ~ $$ \sqrt{\Lambda} $$

Λ

and there is a single extra dimension decompactifying. We also discuss the features and shortcomings of alternative but related proposals.
Scalar radiation zeros at the LHC
Authors: Englert Christoph , Lazanu Andrei , Millington Peter
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We consider a class of singlet scalar extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics in which the scalar couples only to off-shell states. As a result, low-order tree-level processes involving the singlet scalar vanish, providing a unique phenomenology that may allow to evade existing constraints on new singlet scalar fields. We describe search strategies for such states at the Large Hadron Collider and identify the parameter space that can be explored in the future.
Entanglement entropy of a color flux tube in (2+1)D Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Amorosso Rocco , Syritsyn Sergey , Venugopalan Raju
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We construct a novel flux tube entanglement entropy (FTE2), defined as the excess entanglement entropy relative to the vacuum of a region of color flux stretching between a heavy quark-anti-quark pair in pure gauge Yang-Mills theory. We show that FTE2 can be expressed in terms of correlators of Polyakov loops, is manifestly gauge-invariant, and therefore free of the ambiguities in computations of the entanglement entropy in gauge theories related to the choice of the center algebra. Employing the replica trick, we compute FTE2 for SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in (2+1)D and demonstrate that it is finite in the continuum limit. We explore the properties of FTE2 for a half-slab geometry, which allows us to vary the width and location of the slab, and the extent to which the slab cross-cuts the color flux tube. Following the intuition provided by computations of FTE2 in (1+1)D, and in a thin string model, we examine the extent to which our FTE2 results can be interpreted as the sum of an internal color entropy and a vibrational entropy corresponding to the transverse excitations of the string.
Resummed jet mass distribution with trimming in Z+jet events at the LHC
Authors: Gaid Safa , Delenda Yazid , Soualah Rachik
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In this paper, we calculate the resummed jet mass distribution up to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy for jets defined with the trimming groomer in Z+jet events at the LHC. We compute at fixed order and to all orders the large logarithms, both in the jet mass and zcut trimming variable, including non-global and clustering logarithms. We conduct phenomenological studies at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s\right) $$
O

α
s

, validating our results by comparing them with the fixed-order Monte Carlo program MCFM, which provides NLO predictions for hadron colliders. The resummation of non-global logarithms is estimated in the large-Nc limit. Our resummed result is compared to Monte Carlo parton shower simulations from Pythia 8, Herwig++ and Sherpa 2 event generators.
Aspects of Ω-deformed M-theory
Authors: Gaiotto Davide , Oh Jihwan
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We explore the properties of Ω-deformed M-theory, with particular focus on the $$ {\mathbb{C}}_{\epsilon_1} $$

ℂ

ϵ
1

× $$ {\mathbb{C}}_{\epsilon_2} $$

ℂ

ϵ
2

× $$ {\mathbb{C}}_{\epsilon_3} $$

ℂ

ϵ
3

background and coupling to Ω-deformed M2 and M5 brane world-volume theories.
A Partially Fixed Background Field Gauge
Authors: Thomsen Anders Eller
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We examine the incorporation of gauge symmetries in the modern effective field theory (EFT) matching paradigm with a particular focus on spontaneously broken symmetries. The presence of gauge symmetries entails the introduction of gauge-fixing terms in matching calculations, which may prevent (partial) cancellation between loops from the underlying theory and those of the EFT, thereby preventing the establishment of a hard-region matching formula. While this is not an issue when using the background field (BF) gauge for unbroken gauge theories, we find ourselves unable to demonstrate the cancellation with the ordinary BF gauge in spontaneously broken gauge theories when the massive vectors are heavy and decouple from the theory. As a convenient alternative, we construct a partially fixed BF gauge that, in addition to being simpler than the ordinary BF gauge, allows us to prove a hard-region matching formula.