bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amitriptyline, Pregabalin, and Gabapentin: Efficacy and Safety in Neuropathic Pain Treatment: A Single Center Study
Authors: Ali Saad , Khan Zahid , Ullah Shakir , Ullah Zeeshan
Published: December 2023

Background: Pregabalin and gabapentin, two tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), often treat NeP symptoms. Currently, these drugs are used to treat a disease known as neuropathic pain (NeP). Today, neuropathic pain treatment generally falls short of expectations. Methods: This single-center study was conducted in territory care hospital Lrh Peshawar from February 2021 to February 2022. Pregabalin and gabapentin, two tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), are often used to treat NeP symptoms. Currently, these drugs are used to treat a disease known as neuropathic pain (NeP). Today, neuropathic pain treatment generally falls short of expectations. Results: “At two months, Group A had a mean NPRS score of 03.70, Group B of 03.61, and Group C of 05.20. The p-value was [0.001], and the statistically significant F-value was 06.61. Group 03 participants saw a significant difference between themselves and the other two treatment groups. The 11 patients in group B (24%) reported significantly more negative side effects, such as dizziness, as compared to the 04 patients (13%) in group A and the four patients (04.37%) in group C [p=0.040]. Sedation was present in 14 patients in group B (31.17%), which was a significant increase from group A's 23 patients (25%) and group C's 22 patients (23%) [P=0.035].” Conclusions: Among those with [NeP] As a consequence, 03 drug classes [gabapentine], [pregabaline], and [amitriptyline], each had an identical impact on NeP pain management. Regarding the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score, pregabalin performs better than gabapentine and amitriptyline. Since gabapentin has less long-term adverse effects than other medications, patient compliance is greater. Keywords: Neuropathic pain, gabapentine, amitriptyline, pregabalin
During Resistance Training the Effect of Ibuprofen on Muscle Hypertrophy Regarding Strength and Soreness. A Population Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hussain Rizwana , Umar Muhammad , Shuja Mamoona , Khowaja Sehar , Jabeen Sarwat , Shah Syed Saim Ali
Published: December 2023

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) are frequently used to speed up post-exercise recovery and lessen discomfort and soreness in muscles. There is a concept that Ibuprofen at high doses has been found to prevent the production of muscle proteins following a session of resistance training. Aims and Objectives: To examine the effects of 400 mg/ day dose of ibuprofen on muscular hypertrophy and strength following resistance exercise. Study Design: This was a population based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Present study was conducted in different work out gyms of Lahore region from October 2022 to April 2023. Research Rationale: The combined findings of in vitro and human studies indicate that NSAIDs may blunt the early skeletal muscle responses to exercise. Their widespread use is due to their effectiveness in reducing inflammation, fever, and discomfort. Methodology: Total 100 participants were in this study and all of them provided written informed consent and completed questionnaires about their past training experiences. 70 males and 30 females 20-30 years of age trained their right and left biceps on alternate days 6 sets of 4–10 repetitions, 5 days in week–1, for 8 weeks. All subjects before selection for study completed medical examination blood analysis and health history questionnaires. All participants were received, 400 mg/day of ibuprofen after training their left or right arm. Before and after training muscle thickness of both biceps was measured using ultrasound, and 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) arm curl strength was assessed on both arms. The weights of the dumbbells were chosen so that the required number of repetitions would result in training till failure on each individual set.
Impact of Maternal Employment on Adolescent Personality Traits and Problem Solving Appraisal
Authors: . Mehreen , Arzeen Saima , Batool Sidra , Shahid Muhammad Sajjad , Nauman Sana
Published: December 2023

Purpose This study investigates the impact of maternal employment on the character and problem-solving abilities of their children. As the number of women entering the workforce continues to rise, researchers have debated whether maternal employment is beneficial or detrimental to children. The quality of life for adolescents depends on their relationship with their mothers, and this relationship is a significant determinant of their wellbeing. Method: To explore this relationship, adolescents of employed and non-employed mothers were randomly selected from schools while controlling for variables such as joint family system, religion, gender, and age. The Dimensional Personality Inventory (DPI) by Mahesh Bhargava and Problem-Solving Appraisal (PSI) were used to collect data. Findings: The results show a significant difference between the adolescents of employed and non-employed mothers. The study found that the attachment between literate employed mothers and their daughters is deteriorating, but this attachment has less impact on boys than on girls. Practical Implication: Based on the findings, the paper provides suggestions for future research. Conclusion The research indicates notable dissimilarities between the personality traits and problem-solving appraisal of adolescents of working and non-working mothers. According to the findings, working mothers exhibit more efficiency and competence in managing interpersonal relationships, whereas non-working mothers demonstrate greater responsibility and better judgment skills, as well as being more capable of inspiring individuals to take action. Furthermore, there are significant variations in self-development characteristics, including self-awareness, self-efficacy, confidence in problem-solving, and integrity. Keywords: Self-control, Dimension, Attachment, Adolescents, Working and Non-working Mothers
The Efficacy of a Caudal Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine-Tramadol Combination for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Lower Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: Soomro Ahmed Uddin , Ali Imran , Ahmed Zaheer , Aziz Khawar , Kumar Kelash , Hafeez Imran
Published: December 2023

Background: The major responsibility of perioperative pediatric anesthesia is to control acute pain in children undergoing surgery. Because some analgesics have synergistic or additive effects, they can be used to create balanced analgesia. This method of pain treatment is widely employed. Caudal analgesia is the most appropriate and tolerable type of postoperative analgesia for small children undergoing anoperineal, inguinal, or urogenital surgery. Objective: To evaluate the duration of analgesia in two comparison groups where one group is given bupivacaine only and the other group tramadol is given tramadol in addition to bupivacaine. Study Design: A Randomized Control Trial Place and Duration: This study was conducted in CMC Hospital @ SMBBMU Larkana from March 2022 to March 2023 Methodology: A total of 110 patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery were inducted into the study, with 955 in each group using a simple random sampling method. The lottery approach was used to randomly assign 55–55 patients to each group. Patients in Group A received 90.59 mL/kg 0.25%, while patients in Group B received 0.5 mL/kg of bupivacaine 0.25% with tramadol 2 mg/kg. We analyzed the data using SPSS version 23. Results: The mean age and mean weights were 4.83 ± 1.87 and 11.31 ± 3.88 in group A and 5.16 ± 1.9 and 12.46 ± 3.77 in group B. There were 38 (69.09%) males in group A and 42 (76.36%) males in Group B. Most (58.18%) of the children were aged 2 to 6 years in group A; similarly, in group B, most (52.73%) of the children were in the same age group. The mean duration of the analgesia in all three age groups in Group A was significantly higher than all the children in Group B, with a p-value of less than 0.005. Conclusion: It is concluded that for post-operative patients who went through lower abdominal surgeries, the use of tramadol along with bupivacaine for analgesia yields sustained analgesia and is completely safe for the young and elderly patients. Keywords: Bupivacaine, Tramadol, Abdominal Surgery, Pain
The Perils of Technology: Social Networking Addiction and Anxiety
Authors: Zeb Roomana , Arzeen Saima , Mumtaz Momina , Haroon Maimoona
Published: December 2023

Objective: After the invention of smart phone with many social networking sites, young generation specially seems likely to be affected with its excessive use. Along with the benefits brought by changes in technology, some negative repercussions can also result. Keeping this in mind the aim of this study was to explore the association between anxiety and social networking addiction in young adults. Method: For the said purpose a convenience sample of 200 young adults from Peshawar with an equal distribution of males (n=100) and females (n=100) participated in the study. Correlational research design was used to conduct the research. Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS; Mumtaz, 2014) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck & Steer, 1990) were applied on the sample. Findings: Results revealed a significant positive correlation between social networking addiction and anxiety among university students. Additionally, one-way ANOVA indicated significant differences in anxiety levels between addicted and non-addicted social media users, while no significant differences were found between excessive and addicted users. The findings also suggested a higher prevalence of social networking addiction among females as compared to males. Conclusion: On the basis of the results it is concluded that excessive use of social networking sites can put individuals at risk of developing anxiety. Hence, the software developers should program the sites such that it should turn off after a due time. Similarly, parents of young children should control the screen time of their offspring. Keywords: Social networking addiction, anxiety, young adults, internet, gender differences.
Comparison of Corticosteroids vs Conventional Physical Therapy for Management of Adhesive Capsulitis
Authors: Khan Ziauddin , . Adnan Anwar Brig , Zardad M. Shoaib , Afsar Adnan , Jameel Awais , Nawaz Tahir
Published: December 2023

Objective: To compare the role of corticosteroids and conventional physical therapy for management of adhesive capsulitis Methodology: This comparative study was conducted in Orthopedic Department, Combined Military Hospital Abbottabad. March 2022 to February 2023. Patient of active adhesive capsulitis of shoulder joint diagnosed by orthopedic surgeon were recruited. Patients in group A received single shot of methylprednisolone with local anesthesia with in the joint cavity while group B received conventional physical therapy at rehab department of our hospital. Pain scores via visual analogue scale and range of motion via goniometer was compared in both groups at baseline and at 8 weeks of treatment. Results: A total of 160 patients of adhesive capsulitis were recruited. Mean age was 42.55±10.96 years. 70 (43.7%) patients were female while 90 (56.3%) were male. Baseline pain scores and range of motion parameters were not statistically significant between the two comparison groups. At the end of 8 weeks mean pain scores were statistically significantly low in patients who took intra-articular corticosteroids as compared to those who underwent physiotherapy sessions (p-value<0.001). Range of motion parameters were also statistically significantly better in patients who took corticosteroids as compared to those who underwent physiotherapy (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Use of corticosteroids emerged as a better option for treatment of pain and restricted range of motion in patients of adhesive capsulitis when compared to routine physiotherapy offered in our clinical settings. Keywords: Adhesive Capsulitis; Corticosteroids; Efficacy; Physiotherapy
Pregnancy and Delivery Complications Between Adolescent and Adult Women at Mosul Maternity Teaching Hospitals: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shaban Marwa Ibrahim , Almukhtar Salwah H.
Published: December 2023

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is one of the common public health problems worldwide today, with harmful health effects to the foetus, mother and the neonate. Aims of the study: To identify the demographical characteristics of the study sample and to compare the complications of pregnancy and delivery between adolescent and adult pregnant women and to find out the relationship between demographical characteristics and study variables Patients and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional observational study design was conducted in four maternity teaching hospitals in Mosul, Iraq, from the 10th of December 2021, until the 1st of March 2022. The study group included 100 pregnant adolescents aged 10–19 years, and the comparable group included 157 pregnant women aged between 20 and 45 years. Result: In comparison to adult women, adolescent women are more likely to suffer from anemia (77%), IUGR (13%), abruptio placenta (15%), psychological problems (24%), cervical insufficiency (20%), preterm labor (26%), obstructed labor (41%), prolonged labor (29%), postdate (30%), neonatal death (6%), and episiotomy (36%). Conclusion: There is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the two groups in terms of anemia, gestational diabetes, urinary tract infection, intrauterine growth restriction, abruptio placenta, psychological problem, incompetence cervix, preterm labour, prolong labour, postdate, obstructed labour, dead newborn, episiotomy, and there is a direct and positive correlation between a husband's job with H.T and between BMI with (UTI, IUGR, preterm labour, prolonged labor) and between educational level with (abruptio placenta, CPD, postdate) and occupation with abruptio placenta. Recommendation: Instructing the Iraqi courts and the Ministry of Justice to legislate a law prohibiting the adolescent marriage and encourage the Iraqi Ministry of Health to activate family planning programs to delay pregnancy until the young girl's reach maturity. Keyword: adolescent, pregnancy, delivery, complication, adult
Enhanced Healing of Cutaneous Burn Wounds in Diabetic Rats: with the administration of β-glucans Having Dual Significant Properties- Antioxidant Effects and Phenotypic Transition
Authors: Elahi Ahsan , Rehman Shan Ur , Rehman Attiq Ur , Akbar Rabia , Jaffar Fouzia , Ayyub Merub , Ramzan Hafiza Sobia , Awan Shahrukh
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-Glucans obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the wound healing process in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin. The investigation evaluated multiple wound healing parameters, such as the closure of the wound, alongside the assessment of CD68 and CD163 proteins, which function as indicators for M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. The study also investigated the effects of β-Glucans on inflammatory markers, specifically IL-6 and IL-10. Additionally, the researchers analysed hydroxyproline and hexosamine levels, and performed histopathological examinations. The current study examined the anti-inflammatory effects by employing the paw edoema and cotton pellet induced granuloma methods. The findings of this study suggest that β-Glucans exhibit therapeutic properties that may have potential benefits in the treatment of burn injuries among individuals diagnosed with diabetes. These substances facilitate expedited healing of burn wounds, augment tensile strength, and exhibit properties that combat oxidation and inflammation. In addition, β-Glucans have been shown to enhance the levels of tissue hydroxyproline and hexosamine, leading to the enhancement of collagen synthesis and the development of the extracellular matrix in burn wounds of individuals with diabetes. Importantly, -Glucans have a beneficial impact on the inflammatory stage of burn wound healing without inhibiting the generation of pro-inflammatory mediators, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6). By increasing production of the anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10 (IL-10), they also aid in the proliferation process. By increasing CD163 expression and decreasing CD68 expression, the research showed that -Glucans had a substantial effect in promoting the switch from the M1 to M2 phenotype at the appropriate moment. The end result is faster recovery from burn injuries in diabetic rats. Overall, the results support beta-glucans' therapeutic potential in the effective management of burn wounds in diabetic patients. Keywords: β-Glucans, Diabetic burn wound, Biochemical analysis, Phenotypic Transition, Western blot analysis, wound healing,
Status of Vitamin D and Evaluation of Growth Parameters Seen in the Children Suffering from Thalassemia Major
Authors: Bashir Adnan , Habib Khairjan , Lail Amanullah , Shah Mushtaque Ali , Memon Naseer Ahmed , Dahri Zulfiqar Ali
Published: December 2023

Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate the growth metrics, as well as the levels of calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus, in children diagnosed with beta-thalassemia major (BTM) who are undergoing treatment with packed red cell transfusions and chelation therapy. Study design: An analytical cross-sectional study Place and duration This study was conducted in Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry Karachi from March 2022 to March 2023.
Outcome and Characteristics of Community Acquired Pneumonia Patients: A Single Centre Study
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Khan Sher Ali , Khan Muhammad Salman , Ahmed Bilal , Khan Ihtesham Ullah , Din Azhar Ud
Published: December 2023

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is the most common form of pneumonia and is a major contributor to both morbidity and mortality globally. Objective: To assess the outcome and characteristics of Community Acquired Pneumonia patients Methodology: The current study was cross sectional study carried out at the pulmonology department, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from January 2023 to June 2023. The demographic information, co-morbid illnesses, smoking history, CURB 65 score, and chest X-ray results of each patient were carefully recorded. The data was analyzed by using SPP-24. Results: A total of 180 patients were enrolled in this study. There were 108 (60%) male participants whereas 72 (40%) were female participants. Based on CURB 65 score, CURB 65 score 2, CURB 65 score 3 and CURB 65 score 4 was observed in 36 (20%), 33 (18.33%) and 12 (6.67%) patients respectively. Based on laboratory findings, >11000 WBCs were observed in 144 (80%) patients while <150,000 platelets count were observed in 36 (20%) patients. The overall mortality rate in our study was 27 (15%). Conclusion: Our study concludes that the mortality rate associated with community acquired pneumonia was high. The major complications associated with the community acquired pneumonia were parapneumonic effusion and empyema in our study. Keywords: Characteristics; Outcome; Community Acquired Pneumonia
Comparison between the Outcomes of Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (S-PCNL) and Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (M-PCNL) while Treating Renal Calculi
Authors: Nasim Muhammad Iqbal , Khan Ayaz Ahmad , Ali Rajab , Khalid Faraz , Sohu Safiullah , Hamid Rashid Bin , Ahmed Zulfiqar
Published: December 2023

Background: In urology, the most common disorder is represented as renal stones. Renal stones have 10% of humans reporting complaints. Their recurrence rate is very high, exhibiting approximately 70 percent recurrence rate. There have been significant advancements made in the treatment of renal stones. PCNL can be used in situations where renal stones are between 10-20 millimeters in the lower pole of a kidney and larger than 20 millimeters. Objective: This study was performed to compare the outcomes of S-PCNL and M-PCNL while treating renal calculi. Study design: A randomized control trial Place and Duration This study was conducted in Karachi Institute of Kidney Diseases Karachi from February 2022 to February 2023 Methodology: There were a total of 50 people included in this research who were equally divided into 2 groups. All of the participants were having a single unilateral renal stone which was <3cm in size. All of the included people were aged 18 years or older. Each patient underwent a physical examination as well as laboratory investigations which included urine culture, CBC, liver function, urinalysis, coagulation profile, and kidney function. There were certain imaging studies that included pelvic and abdominal ultrasonography, kidney–urinary bladder X-ray (KUB), and either intravenous pyelography (IVP) or computed tomography urinary tract (CTUT).
Longitudinal Study to Assess the Reliability and Predictive Validity of Ultrasound Measurements in Tracking Fetal Growth and Development Throughout Pregnancy
Authors: Qazi Sadia Naseer , Ahmed Nisar , Qayyum Adil
Published: December 2023

The utilization of ultrasound in obstetrics is extremely common due to its accurate fetal imaging capabilities. By early identifying anomalies such intrauterine growth restrictions and macrosomia, ultrasonography scanning during pregnancy primarily aims to reduce the risk of obstetric problems. Fetal weight is currently estimated using morphometric formulas. They employ fundamental biometric variables. Hadlock's formula, which is used for estimation of fetal weight, has 20 percent error rate, though. Due to this particular cause, the researchers from all around world had already searching for the additional sonographic characteristics having a stronger predictive value that correlate with fetal weight. According to recent scientific studies, assessing fetal weight can benefit from using novel parameters of sonograph such measurements of the thickness of soft tissue. The fetus's body can be measured in a number of locations, including upper arm, the thigh, abdomen, and the subscapular region. Diverse measurements have varying degrees of connection with some other anthropometric & sonographic factors, including body mass & gestational age. Numerous research using novel formulas for calculating fetal weight have been produced in response to the reports. For measuring fetal weight, measurements other than those including soft tissue, including such those lean and adipose tissue or utilising 3D ultrasonography are acquired. For the purpose of sonographic pregnancy assessment, ultrasound examination of the thicknesses of subcutaneous tissue in the several body regions might evidence to become reliable indicator of the fetal weight. Keywords: Pregnancy, postpartum hypoglycaemia, foetus, Intra-uterine, pregnancy ultrasound
Therapeutic Effects of Customized ORA Heal Mouthwash on Oral Lichen Planus Patients Reporting at Oral Medicine Clinic at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Manji Salima Naveed , Ali Hina , Mehmood Khizer , Ahmad Muzzamil , Choudhry Nasir Ali , Noor Maria
Published: December 2023

Objective: To determine the therapeutic effects of Customized Ora Heal mouthwash on oral lichen planus patients reporting at oral medicine clinic at tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral Medicine, from June-Dec 2022. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a survey based on the visual analog scale (VAS) was planned and conducted on sixty patients reported to oral medicine department of Dental Hospital reporting with Lichen Planus. Results: The study included sixty participants, of which 31 (51.6%) were male and 29 (48.3%) female reporting at Oral medicine department of Dental hospital. The mean age of participants was 45.15. Pre-VAS of participants shows a mean score of 5.033 (moderate pain). After a follow-up of 2 weeks interval, post-VAS of participants shows a mean score of 2.231 (mild pain). Conclusion: The study shows a decreasing trend in pain intensity of the participants using Ora Heal mouthwash based on pre VAS and post VAS score. Keywords: Lichen Planus; Ora Heal; Mouthwash; Corticosteroids; VAS score; Pathogenesis; Autoimmune disorder; Mucocutaneous
Comparison of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament's Functional Outcomes Peroneus Longus Graft Reconstruction as an Option to the Hamstring Tendon Graft
Authors: Hassan Mubashir , Khan Asghar , Sadiq Babar Shahzad
Published: December 2023

Background: The utilization of peroneus longus graft for the main ACL reconstruction had not been considered since the advent of arthroscopic surgery of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). There is not much written about it. Therefore, the purpose of this study is for comparison of functional results, morbidity of donor site, knee stability, and evaluation of the muscle of thigh worsening in the patients having the injury of ACL who underwent reconstruction of the arthroscopic single-bundle utilizing the PLT and the HT, respectively. Methods: The crass sectional and survey designed was used to meet the study objectives. The population was Prior to surgery and rehabilitation, all patients who were included were randomly assigned to the HT and PLT groups The 194 individuals whose admitted for the arthroscopic single-bundle ACLR who had symptoms of symptomatic ACL insufficiency and was between the ages of 16 and 50 and of either gender was divided into two groups (hamstring tendon and peroneus longus). Preoperative measurements were taken as well as ones at six months and a year after surgery for functional, clinical knee evaluation, morbidity of donor site, and the thigh circumference. In both groups, the identical post-operative rehabilitation regimen was used. Results: The criteria of inclusion were met by 174 patients. The scores of postoperative, preoperative 6-months, and the 1-year post-operative for hamstring and groups of PL in the IKDC where p = 0.3 and score of the Lysholm knee where p = 0.28 did not differ significantly from each other. The thigh muscle wasting was significantly reduced in group of PLT so at the last follow-up where the p < 0.001, while it was not significantly different in the HT group (mean for the AOFAS was 99.05 ± 3.56 and 99.80 ± 0.70, respectively). Practical implication: This study is for comparison of functional results, morbidity of donor site, knee stability, and evaluation of the muscle of thigh worsening in the patients having the injury of ACL who underwent reconstruction of the arthroscopic single-bundle utilizing the PLT and the HT, respectively. Given that there was no discernible donor site morbidity and improved recovery of the thigh muscle atrophy (better reactivity to the rehabilitation than the HT group), it was an effective and secure autograft choice for routine ACL restoration. Conclusion: Similar knee stability and functional results were seen in both groups, and there was no clear donor site morbidity. Additionally, these patients recovered from the withering of their thigh muscles more quickly after receiving physiotherapy. Therefore, we can suggest that a PL graft may be a reliable, practical, and efficient alternative to the standard arthroscopic single-bundle replacement. Keywords: Hamstring tendon, hamstring tendon grafts, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, hamstring tendons, anterior cruciate ligament
Frequency of Preterm Placental Abruption and its Contributing Factors
Authors: Anwar Zarrin , Anwar Urooj , Malik Tehreem Khizar , Bajwa Saba , Dastageer Nida , Nadeem Ch Safdar
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of preterm placental abruption in patients presenting with heavy bleeding in a tertiary care hospital and to determine the frequency of contributing factors towards preterm placental abruption. Methodology: This was a descriptive case series conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot. This study involved 260 women aged between 20-40 years who presented with heavy vaginal bleeding between 32-37 weeks of gestation. Preterm placental abruption was noted and contributing factors namely Dai handling, chronic hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, grand multi parity, and maternal age more than 35 years were looked for. A written informed consent was taken from each patient. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 20 years to 40 years with a mean of 29.78±6.07 years. The gestational age of the patients ranged from 32 weeks to 37 weeks with a mean of 34.40±1.68 weeks. BMI of the patients ranged from 21.1 Kg/m2 to 35.8 Kg/m2 with a mean of 28.03±4.15 Kg/m2. Preterm placental abruption was noted in 12 (4.6%) patients. There was no significant difference in the frequency of placental abruption across gestational age (p=0.913) and BMI (p=0.958) of the patient. Among the contributing factors Dai handling was noted in 58.3% patients with preterm placental abruption followed by maternal age > 35 years (33.3%) and premature rupture of membranes and grand multiparity which were observed in 25.0% patients each. Chronic hypertension was recorded in 16.7% patients. There was no significant difference in the frequency of these contributing factors across gestational age and BMI of the patient. Conclusion: The frequency of preterm placental abruption was found to be 4.6% with Dai handling (58.3%) and maternal age more than 35 years (33.3%) as the frequent contributing factors. Keywords: Preterm Placental Abruption, Contributing Factors, Dai Handling
Parents’ Willingness to Educate Child Sexual Abuse to their Children age 5-15 Years in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Jalaludin Rozina , Ahmed Farhan , Jalaluddin Shanila , Urooj Hina , Aslam Ambreen , Musharraf Mehjabeen
Published: December 2023

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a foremost public health crisis and is now constantly reported in Pakistan Objective: This study gazes into perception of parents about the Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) as well as their willingness to educate their children about CSA. Methodology: The current study employed analytical cross-sectional study design. A sample of 123 parents of school age children (5-15 years) were selected via non-probability convenience sampling technique. Self-developed questionnaire was used. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Board of Jinnah Sindh Medical University and written consent from individual parents. Data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Result: A total of 123 parents with 03 refusals, with a response rate of 97.6%. Out of 123 parents, 88.62% showed willingness to provide education. 62.6% parents perceived close relatives as being the most common abusers. 42.3% of parents highlighted common methods as kissing, hugging and touching private parts. 43.9% perceived a loss of trust on people as a major consequence of victimization, with 71.5% fearing Post traumatic stress disorder and depression as a potential outcome. 64.2% perceived stigmatization as the primary cause for hesitation among those who are unwilling to report such cases. Conclusion: The study concludes parents are willing to educate their child on CSA, though their perceptions relating to common abusers, methods used, results as well as consequences of abuse vary. In this context, knowledge of effective parent-child communication should be strengthened to promote CSA prevention. Keywords: Child Sexual Abuse, Parents’ Willingness, Education, Awareness
Evaluation of Causes of Recurrent Hospitalization in Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ullah Hazir , Najumusaqib Muhammad , . Zainab , Zada Akhtar , Khan Fida Muhammad , Singh Sarab Jeet , Sajid Muhammad , Ali Yasir
Published: December 2023

Background: Recurrent hospitalization in patients with diabetic renal failure increases health care related expenditure and reduces performance status. Therefore, a knowledge of such causes and prompt management could potentially reducing hospitalization burden and health expenditure. Objective: To determine the various causes of recurrent hospitalization in individuals with diabetic chronic kidney disease. Methodology: Patients diagnosed with diabetic renal failure were enrolled from the department of nephrology, Khyber Teaching Hospital during the period July 2022 to June 2023. Chronic kidney disease was confirmed as per KDIGO recommendations including eGFR <40ml/min, reduction of kidney size and renal cortical echogenicity on ultrasound and renal biopsy findings consistent with diabetic nephropathy. Causes of hospitalization included urinary tract infection, anemia, ascites, gastritis and pneumonia. Results: A total of 192 patients were registered for evaluation. The age of the patient ranged from 40 to 80 years. The mean age of the patients was 54.304 ± 12.097 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 13.298 ± 3.650 years while the mean duration for CKD diagnosis was 4.16 ± 0.989 years. Urinary tract infection was the most common cause of recurrent hospitalization recorded in 84 patients (43.7%) followed by anemia (n = 57, 29.7%), ascites (n = 29, 15.1%), pneumonia (n = 13, 6.8%) and gastritis (n = 09, 4.7%) respectively. Conclusion: Infections are the most common cause of recurrent hospitalization in diabetic CKD patients. Male patients taking oral medications for diabetes are more prone to infections and recurrent hospitalization. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Recurrent Hospitalization
Post OP Analgesic Effect of Transabdominal Block in Patients Undergoing Elective Ceaserian Section
Authors: Saleem Ayesha , Saleem Abdullah , Anjum Waqas , Azeem Yasmeen , Sadia Salma , Chandio Khushboo
Published: December 2023

Background: The management of postoperative pain, especially following abdominal surgeries, remains a pivotal challenge in clinical practice. The utilization of a transabdominal plane (TAP) block has recently emerged as a promising technique in achieving effective postoperative pain control. This study aimed to rigorously evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the TAP block in comparison with a control group not receiving the block, employing standardized Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and additional postoperative analgesic requirements as the primary outcome measures. Methods: A total of 50 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to two groups: TAP block (n=25) and control (n=25). The TAP group received a specific dose of bupivacaine, while the control group received n/saline. Pain intensity was quantitatively assessed using VAS scores at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. The requirement for additional postoperative analgesics was also recorded and compared between groups. Results: The TAP block group demonstrated consistently and significantly lower VAS scores across all time intervals measured, with mean differences ranging from 1.7 to 2.7 (p<0.001). Additionally, the TAP block group required additional analgesics in only 20% of cases (95% CI: 7-33%), as opposed to 68% in the control group (95% CI: 49-87%), signifying a significant reduction of 48 percentage points (p<0.01, 95% CI of the difference: 28-68%). Conclusion: The research presented here illustrates the heightened effectiveness of the TAP block in managing pain compared to traditional methods for patients having abdominal surgery. The noteworthy decrease in VAS scores, along with the reduced requirement for extra post-surgery pain relief, highlights the TAP block's potential as an efficient method for controlling pain. Continued investigation is recommended to determine the best techniques and identify the specific patient groups that might gain the most from this innovative method, aiming to improve both comfort and recovery following surgery. Keywords: Elective C-section, VAS score, Abdominal surgery, Effectiveness
Prevalence and Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Individuals Diagnosed with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Ullah Naeem , Shaukat Hina , Abdullah Syed , Khan Nisar Ahmed , Zada Akhtar , Khan Fida Muhammad , Younas Muhammad , Iqbal Subhan
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Chronic liver disease is characterized by multi-nutrient deficiency. The propensity for individuals to have vitamin D insufficiency is greater in comparison to other essential minerals. Fibrosis results in a decline in the liver's ability to perform synthetic functions ultimately leading to lack of vitamin D due to poor activation caused by drop in proteins binding the vitamin. The situation is exacerbated by the decrease in productivity and the presence of nutritional deficiencies. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive research was carried out in the Department of Medicine at DHQ Teaching Hospital Haripur spanning from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022. The study population consisted of individuals between the ages of 40 and 70 years who were diagnosed with chronic liver disease. The concentration of vitamin D was assessed in blood samples obtained from patients at the hospital laboratory. The established threshold for identifying vitamin D insufficiency is a blood vitamin D level below 30 nmol/L. Data analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS version 24. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 40 to 70 years. The mean age of the patients was 53.40 years with standard deviation 12.194. Age wise distribution revealed 60.1% patients (n = 89) in the age group 40-55 years and 39.9% participants (n = 59) had age 56-70 years. The number of male participants were 94 (63.5%). Vitamin deficiency was observed in 64.9% patients (n = 96). The association of vitamin D deficiency with disease duration, child class and gender were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The potential association between vitamin D insufficiency and the extent of liver function impairment, degree of fibrosis, and susceptibility to infection consequences suggests that it may serve as a valuable prognostic indicator and diagnostic tool. Additional research is required to thoroughly assess and substantiate the significance of vitamin D in the context of liver cirrhosis. This necessitates the undertaking of extensive prospective cohort studies and randomized trials. Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, Chronic Liver Disease (CLD)
A Study on Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Depressed Skull Fractures
Authors: Khan Muhammad Idris , Munir Adnan
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Trauma is a significant issue in both industrialized and developing nations. A significant risk factor for death in the young population is head injury Objective: To assess the outcomes of surgical treatment of depressed skull fractures Methodology: The current study was prospective study was done at Neurosurgery department of Khyber teaching Hospital Peshawar. The study duration was one years from March 2022 to March 2023. Causes of the depressed skull fracture, time since the injury, the kind of fracture, the location of the fracture, the reason for the fracture, the clinical state, and the CT scan results were noted. All patients had CT scans. DSF greater than 5 mm, disfiguring cosmetic fractures, and sinus fractures were surgically treated. The whole set of data was examined using SPSS 23.00. Results: In our study, totally 80 patients were enrolled. The male patients in our study were 58 (72.5%) whereas female patients were 22 (27.5%). In the outcomes based on GCS, completely recovered patients were 58 (72.5%) patients, 11 (13.75%) were moderately disabled, 8(10%) severely disabled whereas 2(2.5%) patients were demised. Conclusion: Trauma from depressed fractures is common in neurosurgical wards. One of the most important variables influencing outcome prediction is the neurologic state as indicated by the Glasgow coma scale. About two-thirds of patients who undergo surgical therapy of depressed skull fractures get successful results while one- third of patients are still classified as having severe disabilities. Complications, including death, are common after a depressed skull fracture. Keywords: Outcome; surgical treatment: depressed skull fractures
Therapeutic and nutritive uses of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. (Horsegram), a somewhat neglected plant of the family Fabaceae
Authors: Sah Shuchita , Sharma Supriya Kumari , Alam Afroz , Baliyan Prachi
Published: December 2023

Underutilized legumes are a significant group of crops that have particular importance in subsistence farming and the nutritional security of resource-poor communities in developing countries. Horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.], a lesser-known neglected legume, is one such crop that is mainly cultivated in Asian and African countries as a dual-purpose crop. This climate-resilient legume is well-known for its drought hardiness and favorable agronomic features that make it suitable for cultivating dry lands under poor soil fertility conditions. It has a nutritional value comparable to other commonly consumed pulses and serves as a cheap source of nutrition for unprivileged rural communities residing in inaccessible areas. In addition, horsegram has excellent therapeutic properties and is traditionally used to cure various conditions such as kidney stones, asthma, bronchitis, leukoderma, urinary discharges, heart diseases, and piles. Furthermore, it possesses anti-diabetic and anti-ulcer activity and can help in the dietary management of obesity due to the presence of beneficial bioactive compounds. This review summarizes the nutritional composition, antinutritional factors, medicinal properties, and the potential for horsegram to be exploited as functional/medicinal food for health benefits.
International law for public health in aviation: the challenges of harmonisation
Authors: Speakman Elizabeth M , Cameron Mary , Grout Andrea
Published: December 2023

International laws for commercial aviation have achieved an exceptional degree of harmonisation and greatly improved passenger safety. Yet, despite much international guidance, enforceable laws for public health protection in aviation are mainly the responsibility of national authorities. As a result, public health laws may be incoherent, in conflict with other countries and/or based on disputed scientific evidence. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the responsibility of airlines and regulatory authorities to protect not only air passengers but also populations in destination countries. While the greatest risk to global public health is the potential spread of disease by infected passengers or vectors, lesser-known risks include food contamination, inadequate sanitary facilities and poor air quality within the cabin. In preparedness for inevitable future disease outbreaks and pandemics, an urgent review of international law as it applies to public health in commercial aviation is needed, with greater investment in scientific research to enable more accurate and effective risk assessment and management, supported by enforceable laws and clear responsibility.
Hdpe Boruların Alın Kaynağında Kaynak Parametrelerinin Birleşme Mukavemetine Etkisinin Yüzey Cevap Metodu ile Optimizasyonu
Authors: DAĞLI Muhammet , DEMİRER Ahmet , YUMAT Esra
Published: December 2023

Yapılan çalışmada HDPE malzeme sınıfından olan ve yeraltı su ve gaz naklinde yoğun olarak kullanılan PE100 malzemenin deneysel olarak alın kaynak işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada üç farklı kaynak sıcaklığı, üç farklı birleştirme basıncında ve üç faklı ısıtma süresi kullanılarak kaynaklı bağlantı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel veri analiz programında (Design Expert 12®) değerlendirilerek ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada değişken seçimimiz ve parametrelerimiz farklı olup “Yüzey cevap metodu” (RSM) ile optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen optimum parametreler ile üretilmiş olan numuneler hem çekme testi hem de hidrostatik mukavemet testlerine tabi tutularak sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Alın kaynağı sonucunda optimum parametreler (223oC, 15 bar, 120 sn) belirlenmiş ve maksimum çekme dayanımı değerinin, 19,50 MPa olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Evaluation Of The Resistance Spot Welding Process With KNN and CART Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: PEKŞİN Sena , SERTTAŞ Soydan
Published: December 2023

Spot welding, a type of resistance welding, is a welding application widely used in the production area and it is a common method for joining metal sheets. The spot-welding process is widely used in many production areas, especially in the automotive industry, radiator, and wire mesh production. Spot welding in car production lines is mainly performed by robotic applications. Industry 4.0 and digital transformation trends have led to unprecedented data growth. Nowadays, the manufacturing industry benefits from the power of machine learning and data science algorithms to monitor production processes and make predictions for quality, maintenance, and production optimization. Applying machine learning algorithms reduces the duration and cost of experiments. This study aims to confirm whether the spot welding, applied by robotic arms, is within the ideal spot-welding norms, in real production area. The ideal parameter norms were evaluated by using KNN and CART machine learning algorithms. To use real production data, this study was executed in the body production assembly line, which is selected as the pilot area, at TOFAŞ factory. The data set used in this research consists of the welding parameters of the current year, 2023. By running machine learning algorithms on the dataset, the performance evaluation of each algorithm was examined and the most appropriate estimation method was determined. In the experiments, the best F1-Score value was obtained by the CART model with 93%.
On transformation of the genre of the Adyghe novel about the historical past at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries
Authors: Паранук К.Н. , Зеленская К.А.
Published: December 2023

Рассматриваются художественные особенности адыгского романа конца ХХ - нач. ХХI веков. Анализируются романы адыгских писателей Ю. Чуяко, Н. Куёка, Х. Бештокова, Д. Кошубаева в разрезе отображения трансформационных процессов, произошедших в нем на рубеже веков. Уточняются этапы развития адыгского романа в плане взаимодействия с фольклором, определяется новый характер взаимодействия с мифо-эпической традицией в романе об историческом прошлом, выявляются его интертекстуальные связи, типологические схождения с произведениями мировой литературы. Выявляются значительные трансформации жанровой формы адыгского романа об историческом прошлом, выражающиеся в зарождении и утверждении неомифологизма, приобщающие адыгский роман к лучшим достижениям мировой романистики.

The study considers artistic features of the Adyghe novel of the late 20th - early 21st centu-ry. The novels of Adyghe writers Y. Chuyako, N. Kuyok, Kh. Beshtokov and D. Koshubaev are analyzed in the context of reflecting the transformation processes that occurred at the turn of the century. The authors clarify stages of development of the Adyghe novel in terms of interaction with folklore and determine the new nature of interaction with the mytho-epic tradition in the novel about the historical past. The study reveals the intertextual connections and typological sim-ilarities with works of world literature. The authors reveal significant transformations of the genre form of the Adyghe novel about the historical past, expressed in the emergence and establishment of neo-mythologism, introducing the Adyghe novel to the best achievements of world novelism.
Aplicação de ferramentas da qualidade no mapeamento de problemas e no desenvolvimento de soluções: Um estudo de caso
Authors: Ferreira Pereira Odiene , Serrão Vieira Deivson , Lima do Nascimento Baia Simone Andrea , Brandão de Lima Rayra
Published: December 2023

No cenário mercadológico atual, gerir a qualidade nas organizações agrega valor ao produto e causa satisfação ao cliente. Neste sentido, a pesquisa realizou um estudo de caso, por meio do qual analisou a eficácia das ferramentas da qualidade no mapeamento de problemas e no desenvolvimento de soluções em uma pizzaria localizada no centro do município de Tomé-Açú, região nordeste do Pará. Teve como objetivo identificar a razão dos atrasos nos pedidos de delivery, causa de reclamações dos clientes. Para o alcance dos objetivos, utilizou o ciclo PDCA como método para mapear problemas no setor produtivo da empresa até a entrega que é o consumidor final. Por meio das ferramentas 5W2H, Diagrama de Ishikawa e matriz GUT foram encontrados os gargalos que impedem um serviço de qualidade ao cliente, e também sugestões de correções e melhorias.