bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religion, support and self‐care experiences: A qualitative descriptive study with Indonesian adults with the chronic disease living in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Lukman Nurul Akidah , Merry Lisa
Published: August 2022

Aim

To explore and describe the chronic illness self‐care experiences of Indonesian immigrants living in Montreal, Canada and to gain a better understanding of how religion and support shaped these experiences.

Design

Qualitative description.

Methods

Data were collected from January to March 2020 via semi‐structured interviews. Eight men and women participated. The data were thematically analysed.

Results

Major themes identified were (1) religion, (2) being helpful to others, (3) family support, (4) transnational family support, (5) community support and (6) being in Indonesia versus Canada. Religion and faith were sources of motivation for self‐care and provided guidance and strength to heal and accept the illness, mainly through the practice of prayer. ‘Being helpful to others’ (collectivism), including aiding others to avoid getting sick or giving ‘health tips’, and also just generally taking care of family also contributed to overall well‐being. Spouses were the main source of assistance with disease monitoring and management and health maintenance, whereas support from the Indonesian community was minimal and mostly consisted of informational and social support. Transnational relationships with family members in Indonesia, however, provided an additional means for obtaining emotional support, advice and access to traditional medicines. Overall, there was little expectation that family or the community offer or provide support with self‐care. These low expectations may partially be explained by the different cultural and social contexts in Canada compared with Indonesia.

Conclusion

Religious, cultural, social and family factors may be carried over from the home country and/or may be altered post‐migration, and this may impact how Indonesian immigrants with chronic illness engage in self‐care.

Impact

Cultural factors (collectivism, traditional medicines), religious beliefs and support networks, both locally and transnationally should be assessed and considered during care to better support and promote self‐care among immigrants living with chronic diseases.

Patient or public contribution

Two Indonesian community organizations facilitated recruitment and data collection.
Between a rock and a hard place: Nurse managers' experiences of large‐scale organizational change in the public health service
Authors: Morrison Vibeke Juul , Jensen Annesofie Lunde
Published: August 2022

Background

Nurse managers are often at the forefront of implementing organizational changes. Studies suggest that conflicting pressures and stress are high during such times, though little is known of how nurse managers experience the continuing run of change initiatives.

Aims

To explore nurse managers' experience of large‐scale organizational changes and its impact on their working lives and conditions.

Design

A qualitative phenomenological hermeneutical study utilizing a Ricœur‐inspired method of interpretation.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurse managers at a public sector university hospital that had recently undergone large‐scale organizational changes. Interviews were conducted in 2021 during the covid‐19 pandemic. The analysis is based on the three‐stage Ricœur‐inspired analysis method by Pedersen and Dreyer.

Results

Three themes emerged outlining the nurse managers experiences of large‐scale organizational change: The need for support structures to be incorporated in the change process, The need for a guiding star, and The challenge of the values embedded in the Nurse Manager mindset. These themes were consistent across both predominantly positive as well as mainly negative experiences.

Conclusion

This study reveals the potential that receiving support from management, staff and peers has to positively influence the experiences of nurse managers during large‐scale organizational changes. However, lacking a clear vision for the process negatively influences their ability to support high‐level quality care within their wards, potentially increasing their feelings of stress and conflicting pressure.

Impact

Participants offered important insight into the sparsely explored subject of nurse managers' experiences of organizational change, the complexity they face and the potentially high personal costs. The study highlights the detrimental effects of not providing support to all managers in organizations undergoing change, and the parallels to the covid‐19 pandemic.

No Patient or Public Contribution was required for this study due to its aim.
Adiponectin gene therapy prevents islet loss after transplantation
Authors: Wang Chengshi , Du Xiaojiong , Fu Fudong , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Zhenghao , Zhou Ye , Gou Liping , Li Wei , Li Juan , Zhang Jiayi , Liao Guangneng , Li Lan , Han Yuan‐Ping , Tong Nanwei , Liu Jingping , Chen Younan , Cheng Jingqiu , Cao Qi , Ilegems Erwin , Lu Yanrong , Zheng Xiaofeng , Berggren Per‐Olof
Published: August 2022

Significant pancreatic islet dysfunction and loss shortly after transplantation to the liver limit the widespread implementation of this procedure in the clinic. Nonimmune factors such as reactive oxygen species and inflammation have been considered as the primary driving force for graft failure. The adipokine adiponectin plays potent roles against inflammation and oxidative stress. Previous studies have demonstrated that systemic administration of adiponectin significantly prevented islet loss and enhanced islet function at post‐transplantation period. In vitro studies indicate that adiponectin protects islets from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, oxidative stress as well as TNF‐α‐induced injury. By applying adenovirus mediated transfection, we now engineered islet cells to express exogenous adiponectin gene prior to islet transplantation. Adenovirus‐mediated adiponectin transfer to a syngeneic suboptimal islet graft transplanted under kidney capsule markedly prevented inflammation, preserved islet graft mass and improved islet transplant outcomes. These results suggest that adenovirus‐mediated adiponectin gene therapy would be a beneficial clinical engineering approach for islet preservation in islet transplantation.
Frailty phenotype as a predictor of bleeding and mortality in ambulatory patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Candeloro Matteo , Di Nisio Marcello , Potere Nicola , Di Pizio Lorenzo , Secinaro Enzo , De Flaviis Claudia , Federici Camilla , Guglielmi Maria Domenica , Pardi Silvana , Schulman Sam , Porreca Ettore
Published: August 2022

Background

Limited prospective data exist about the clinical relevance of frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE) receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether frailty phenotype identifies DOAC‐treated patients at higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes.

Methods

Consecutive, adult outpatients treated with DOACs for AF or VTE were prospectively enrolled. Patients were classified as frail, pre‐frail, or non‐frail according to frailty phenotype. Study outcomes were clinically relevant bleeding, including major and clinically relevant non‐major bleeding, arterial and venous thromboembolism, and all‐cause mortality.

Results

236 patients (median age 78 years, 44% females) were included, of whom 156 (66%) had AF and 80 (34%) VTE. Ninety‐eight (41%) patients were frail, 115 (49%) pre‐frail, and 23 (10%) non‐frail. Inappropriately high or low dose DOAC was used in 33% of frail and in 20% of non‐frail or pre‐frail patients. Over a median follow‐up of 304 days, the incidence of clinically relevant bleeding, thromboembolism, and mortality were 20%, 4%, 9% in frail, and 10%, 3%, and 2% in pre‐frail, respectively, while no study outcome occurred among non‐frail patients. Risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) for these outcomes in frail versus pre‐frail and non‐frail patients were respectively 2.5 (1.8, 3.7), 1.9 (0.9, 4.0), and 6.3 (2.9, 13.6).

Conclusion

In a prospective cohort of ambulatory patients receiving DOAC treatment for AF or VTE, frailty phenotype identified patients at higher risk of bleeding and all‐cause mortality. Frailty assessment could be valuable to guide targeted interventions potentially improving patient prognosis.
Demographics and viability of an estuarine community of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Nicholson Krista , van Aswegen Martin , Loneragan Neil , Bejder Lars
Published: August 2022

Wildlife management requires reliable demographic information to assess the status of a population and its vulnerability to threats. This study calculated age class‐ and sex‐specific demographic parameters and assessed the viability of a community of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) resident to the Peel‐Harvey Estuary in Western Australia. Boat‐based photo‐identification surveys (n = 483) were conducted between 2016 and 2019. A population viability analysis (PVA) was used to assess the community status and evaluate the effects of adult female and calf mortality, and reproduction on population growth rate. The community comprised 88 (SD = 4.43) individuals with a sex ratio close to parity in all but the adult age class where it was skewed towards females. Demographic changes in this community are driven by births, deaths, and the likely permanent emigration of juvenile males. No immigration was observed. The population is stable (r = −0.004, SD = 0.062) given the current demographic rates. To maintain a community of ~90 individuals, management should consider action to lower adult female and calf mortality. This should involve aiming for zero human caused mortality and ensuring adverse impacts to the population are considered in future development planning.
The nation of the people: An analysis of Podemos and Five Star Movement's discourse on the nation
Authors: Custodi Jacopo , Padoan Enrico
Published: August 2022

This article empirically explores how populist actors talk about the nation. This is a research area mostly tackled in studies on right‐wing populism, with other forms of populist politics usually left out of the analysis. To fill this academic gap, we focus on the Spanish party Podemos and the Italian Five Star Movement (M5S). The former is a paradigmatic example of radical left populism, whereas the latter is commonly considered as a catch‐all populist party with no clear ideological connotation. Through a discourse analysis on leaders' speeches and official public declarations, we focus on the role that national identity plays in the strategies of Podemos and M5S and on the type of nation they discursively construct. Whilst Podemos' populist strategy purposely aims at contending to the right ideologically loaded concepts and signifiers to construct an idea of nation fitting the party's leftist values, M5S's strategy mostly aims at appropriating valence issues, such as the “Made in Italy” brand and the concept of “national interest”. Thus, our analysis contributes to clarify the differences between the leftist political culture of Podemos and the “post‐ideological” one of M5S, as also reflected by survey data confirming strong differences in “nationalist” attitudes between their respective electorates.
Ginsenoside Rb3 inhibits osteoclastogenesis via ERK/NF‐κB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sun Minmin , Ji Yaoting , Zhou Shuhui , Chen Rourong , Yao Hantao , Du Minquan
Published: August 2022

Objective

The objective of the study was to determine the anti‐osteoclastogenic potential of ginsenoside Rb3 for the treatment of periodontitis.

Methods

The anti‐osteoclastogenic effect was determined using RANKL‐induced RAW264.7 cells and murine bone marrow‐derived macrophages followed by TRAP and phalloidin staining. Expression of osteoclastogenesis‐related genes and proteins were examined by qPCR and WB. Activation of signaling pathways was detected by WB and IHC techniques. Experimental periodontitis rat model was built up by gingival injections of P. gingivalis LPS. After 21 days of Rb3 treatment, rats were sacrificed for micro‐CT, IHC, H&E, and TRAP staining analyses.

Results

Rb3 dramatically inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis. Nfatc1, Mmp9, Ctsk, Acp5 mRNA, and MMP9, CTSK proteins were dose‐dependently downregulated by Rb3 pretreatment. WB results revealed that Rb3 suppressed activations of p38 MAPK, ERK, and p65 NF‐κB, and the inhibition of ERK was most pronounced. Consistently, IHC analysis revealed that p‐ERK was highly expressed in alveolar bone surface, blood vessels, odontoblasts, and gingival epithelia, which were notably suppressed by Rb3 treatment. H&E staining and micro‐CT analyses showed that Rb3 significantly attenuated gingivitis and alveolar bone resorption in rats.

Conclusion

Rb3 inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and attenuates P. gingivalis LPS‐induced gingivitis and alveolar bone resorption in rats via ERK/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
The ZmMYB84‐ZmPKSB regulatory module controls male fertility through modulating anther cuticle—pollen exine trade‐off in maize anthers
Authors: Liu Xinze , Jiang Yilin , Wu Suowei , Wang Jing , Fang Chaowei , Zhang Shaowei , Xie Rongrong , Zhao Lina , An Xueli , Wan Xiangyuan
Published: August 2022

Anther cuticle and pollen exine are two crucial lipid layers that ensure normal pollen development and pollen–stigma interaction for successful fertilization and seed production in plants. Their formation processes share certain common pathways of lipid biosynthesis and transport across four anther wall layers. However, molecular mechanism underlying a trade‐off of lipid‐metabolic products to promote the proper formation of the two lipid layers remains elusive. Here, we identified and characterized a maize male‐sterility mutant pksb, which displayed denser anther cuticle but thinner pollen exine as well as delayed tapetal degeneration compared with its wild type. Based on map‐based cloning and CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, we found that the causal gene (ZmPKSB) of pksb mutant encoded an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized polyketide synthase (PKS) with catalytic activities to malonyl‐CoA and midchain‐fatty acyl‐CoA to generate triketide and tetraketide α‐pyrone. A conserved catalytic triad (C171, H320 and N353) was essential for its enzymatic activity. ZmPKSB was specifically expressed in maize anthers from stages S8b to S9‐10 with its peak at S9 and was directly activated by a transcription factor ZmMYB84. Moreover, loss function of ZmMYB84 resulted in denser anther cuticle but thinner pollen exine similar to the pksb mutant. The ZmMYB84‐ZmPKSB regulatory module controlled a trade‐off between anther cuticle and pollen exine formation by altering expression of a series of genes related to biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin, cutin and wax. These findings provide new insights into the fine‐tuning regulation of lipid‐metabolic balance to precisely promote anther cuticle and pollen exine formation in plants.
Raz and the Rule of (Authoritative) Law
Authors: Nye* Hillary
Published: August 2022

In this paper I bring together Joseph Raz’s work on authority and his work on the rule of law, arguing that his commitments about authority entail the conclusion that the rule of law is integral to the very nature of law. I take no position on whether Raz is right about the nature of law. Instead, I aim to mount an entirely internal critique of Raz’s work that will show that if Raz is right about authority, he is committed to a view about the rule of law which he has explicitly disavowed.
Cdc42 GTPase activating proteins Rga4 and Rga6 coordinate septum synthesis and membrane trafficking at the division plane during cytokinesis
Authors: Campbell Bethany F. , Hercyk Brian S. , Williams Ashlei R. , San Miguel Ema , Young Haylee G. , Das Maitreyi E.
Published: August 2022

Fission yeast cytokinesis is driven by simultaneous septum synthesis, membrane furrowing and actomyosin ring constriction. The septum consists of a primary septum flanked by secondary septa. First, delivery of the glucan synthase Bgs1 and membrane vesicles initiate primary septum synthesis and furrowing. Next, Bgs4 is delivered for secondary septum formation. It is unclear how septum synthesis is coordinated with membrane furrowing. Cdc42 promotes delivery of Bgs1 but not Bgs4. We find that after primary septum initiation, Cdc42 inactivators Rga4 and Rga6 localize to the division site. In rga4Δrga6Δ mutants, Cdc42 activity is enhanced during late cytokinesis and cells take longer to separate. Electron micrographs of the division site in these mutants exhibit malformed septum with irregular membrane structures. These mutants have a larger division plane with enhanced Bgs1 delivery but fail to enhance accumulation of Bgs4 and several exocytic proteins. Additionally, these mutants show endocytic defects at the division site. This suggests that Cdc42 regulates primary septum formation and only certain membrane trafficking events. As cytokinesis progresses Rga4 and Rga6 localize to the division site to decrease Cdc42 activity to allow coupling of Cdc42‐independent membrane trafficking events with septum formation for proper septum morphology.
Failure mode effects and criticality analysis of water supply systems' risks: Path to water resources planning and policy
Authors: Odjegba Enovwo Erere , Oluwasanya Grace , Idowu Olufemi Abiola , Shittu Olufunke Bolatito
Published: August 2022

The risk assessment of drinking‐water supply systems in Ogun State, Nigeria, was carried out using the failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) approach. The FMECA is a systemic process that identifies potentials failure modes within a system and was chosen for its causes and effect approach to assessing risks. The objective of the study was to assess drinking‐water supply systems and identify water supply systems' risks from source to point‐of‐use. Three major water supply sources were selected for assessment: hand‐dug wells, boreholes and public water supply sources. The sources were assessed by identifying the potential failure modes that exist within the water supply sources and the consequence of the identified risks on relevant stakeholders. The sources were divided into modules. The risk in each module was determined by multiplying failure rate (likelihood) and consequences of failure of the module. Risk reduction options include repair and maintenance measures, information dissemination on the procedures to reduce the identified risks and preventive and regulatory approaches. The resulting risks were characterized using FMECA risk matrix of each water source and classified into high, medium and low risks. Well cover and lining were the most risk‐prone modules for hand‐dug wells (high and medium risks). Broken well cover and lining serve as pathways to contaminants into the well. Casing and screen modules posed the highest risk for boreholes, recording high to medium risk. Cracked casing and broken screen provide access for contamination into boreholes. The module with the greatest risk for public water supply source was the point‐of‐abstraction/use module. Unsanitary containers and poor storage conditions is believed to be responsible for recontamination of the treated water Climate variability, environmental and anthropogenic influences were observed to be responsible for most of the identified risks. The study highlights that consumer participation is vital in ensuring the availability of safe drinking‐water, stressing consumer education as the most important channel. The study recommends the use of FMECA to ensure implementing preventive and regulatory measures by water monitoring agencies and for water resources planning and policy making.
Experiences of adult patients living with depression-related insomnia: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Kristiansen Sanne T. , Videbech Poul , Kragh Mette , Sigaard Karen R. , Lyhne Cecilie N. , Larsen Erik R. , Bjerrum Merete
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on how adult patients experience living with depression-related insomnia. In particular, the review will examine the experiences related to pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to improve sleep.

Introduction:

Approximately 80% to 90% of patients with depression have insomnia, which is associated with substantial personal and social costs. Despite these costs, insomnia is often underdiagnosed and viewed as a symptom that disappears when depression abates. However, research indicates that insomnia and depression are overlapping but distinct disorders. Thus, it is important to treat both disorders simultaneously, as improving sleep may, in turn, ease core symptoms of depression. Optimal care and treatment rely on patients’ experiences of insomnia and their attitudes toward treatment options. Therefore, it is important to synthesize evidence of patients’ experiences of living with insomnia, and the experiences of pharmacological and non-pharmacological sleep interventions, to understand the consequences of insomnia and to optimize sleep interventions.

Inclusion criteria:

This systematic review will synthesize qualitative studies exploring how adults with depression experience living with insomnia and how they experience pharmacological or non-pharmacological sleep interventions. Both inpatient and outpatient populations will be considered.

Methods:

Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane CENTRAL, SveMed+, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be searched for unpublished studies. Studies in English, German, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian will be included. Databases will be searched from their inception to the present date. All studies will be screened against the inclusion criteria and critically appraised for methodological quality. Findings will be pooled using meta-aggregation, and a ConQual Summary of Findings will be presented.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42021276048
Methods of training lay individuals in the use of evidence-based services for the management of mental and behavioral health disorders: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bagchi Ann D. , Hargwood Pamela , Saravana Arunadevi , DiBello Angelo M. , D’Alonzo Karen T. , Jadotte Yuri
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to describe how lay individuals have been trained in evidence-based therapies to manage mental and behavioral health disorders as defined by the International Classification of Diseases, version 11.

Introduction:

Health service delivery by lay individuals is common in under-resourced areas. Prior systematic reviews have examined the characteristics of lay workers, the types of services they provide, and the efficacy of their services. Our goal is to focus on the methods of training.

Inclusion criteria:

Participants will include lay individuals who provide services to community residents; we will exclude individuals with formal training in health service delivery. We will consider for inclusion studies that include training programs for evidence-based therapies delivered to individuals with mental and behavioral health disorders, and will exclude those involving pharmacology or focusing on cognitive defects.

Methods:

We conducted a preliminary search of the literature on PubMed and CINAHL for articles related to the inclusion criteria and published in the past 10  years. Scanning the title, abstract, keywords, and MeSH terms, we generated comprehensive lists of terms and added search terms from 6 recent systematic reviews. Our search strategy will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature. We will also consult with experts and review the reference lists of articles selected for final inclusion. Articles published in English or Spanish between 1960 and the present will be considered for inclusion. Data analysis will use a mix of descriptive and qualitative approaches, with data presented graphically or in diagrammatic or tabular format.
Incidence, prevalence, and timing of postpartum complications and mortality in Canada and the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Ke Janny Xue Chen , Vidler Marianne , Dol Justine , Carvalho Brendan , Blake Lindsay Ellis A. , George Ronald B. , Bone Jeff , Seligman Katherine M. , Coombs Micaela , Chau Anthony , Saville Laura , Gibbs Ronald S. , Sultan Pervez
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The goal of this systematic review is to assess the incidence, prevalence, and timing of common postpartum (up to 1 year after delivery) medical, surgical/procedural, and psychosocial complications and mortality.

Introduction:

Childbirth is the most common cause for hospitalization, and cesarean delivery is the most commonly performed inpatient surgery. After delivery, mothers are at risk of short- and long-term complications that can impact their well-being. The results of this review will inform evidence-based recommendations for patient education, monitoring, and follow-up.

Inclusion criteria:

We will include studies performed in Canada and/or the United States that report the incidence or prevalence of medical, procedural/surgical, and psychosocial complications within 1 year postpartum. Observational studies (analytical cross-sectional studies, retrospective and prospective cohorts), randomized or non-randomized controlled trials with a control or standard of care group, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses will be included. Studies with fewer than 100 patients, participants younger than 18 years, no reporting of duration, or focus on patients with a specific condition rather than a general postpartum population will be excluded.

Methods:

The search strategy was codeveloped with a medical librarian and included full-text English-language articles published within the past 10 years (2011–2021) in PubMed, CINHAL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers using Covidence, standardized JBI tools, and a standardized form, respectively. For each complication, the incidence or prevalence, timing of the frequency measurement, and duration of follow-up from individual studies will be determined. Meta-analysis will be performed if feasible.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42022303047
A Web-Based Collaborative Method for SysML Modeling
Authors: Xing Tao , Zhou Chenchu , Shen Xing , Wu Dawei , Li Qian , Liu Yusheng
Published: August 2022

Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) with SysML has become one of the best solutions to the system design of complex systems, which usually requires the collaboration of different disciplines. Web-based collaborative modeling method looks like a prioritized option because of its advantages such as “light” client, convenient maintenance, and high model reliability. In this study, we propose a web-based collaborative SysML modeling method for MBSE. First, the architectures of asynchronous and synchronous collaboration are given. Then, some key technologies for both collaborative modes are discussed. Finally, a case study is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A NURBS Curve Interpolator Based on Double-Step Signal and Finite Impulse Response Filters
Authors: Zhang Tie , Guo Liangliang , Zou Yanbiao
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the problem that the traditional trajectory planning method cannot flexibly control the velocities and the arrival time of critical points in the trajectory, this paper proposes a non-uniform rational B-spline interpolator based on double-step signal and finite impulse response filters. The interpolator consists of two modules: a pre-processing module and a real-time interpolation module. To reduce the contour error, first, the pre-processing module scans the curve for critical points and sets their velocities according to the chord error. Then, the curve is split, and for each segment, the length and inverse length functions are calculated to eliminate the length error and enhance the real-time performance. Moreover, to control the arrival time and smooth the velocity, the real-time interpolation module generates the trajectory by processing the double-step signal with three finite impulse response filters, which satisfies the constraints of velocity, acceleration, jerk, and displacement. Simulation results indicate that the proposed interpolator can accurately reach the critical points at the set arrival time with smooth velocity and low chord error, and experimental results on a SCARA robot show that the proposed interpolator is feasible and effective.
Multiphase Flow Field Analysis and Experimental Study of Pulsating Air Jet Polishing
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ding Chen , Wang Zhao , Fan Cheng
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing fluid polishing methods such as low abrasive utilization rate and high equipment energy consumption, a new method of pulsating air jet polishing (PAJP) is proposed in this article. In this article, the force on the abrasive in the turbulent state is analyzed based on the micro model of near-wall flow field. Based on the realizable k-ɛ turbulence model and mixture multiphase model, the gas–liquid–solid flow field is simulated numerically. The numerical simulation results reveal the variation law of the velocity field and the pressure field inside the flow field, and the accuracy of the simulation model has been verified by polishing experiments. The effects of jet pressure, jet angle, jet distance, and abrasive concentration on the removal depth and surface roughness of titanium alloys are analyzed by a combination of simulation and experiment, and the process parameters of PAJP are optimized.
Numerical Modeling and Design Challenges of Boundary Layer Ingesting Fans
Authors: Sieradzki Adam , Kwiatkowski Tomasz , Turner Mark G. , Łukasik Borys
Published: August 2022

Studies show that boundary layer ingesting (BLI) propulsion can provide significant fuel burn reduction relative to pylon-mounted turbofan engines. However, this type of propulsion can lead to serious difficulties and engineering challenges. Numerical analyses of the fan with a uniform flow at the inlet and that exposed to the distorted flow were performed. These required the use of a full-annulus unsteady time-marching computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, which was validated with experimental data obtained at a test rig. The first negative effect of the distorted inlet velocity profile is a variable incidence angle of the rotor. Both the calculations and the experiment show the nonuniform axial and tangential velocity profiles in front of the rotor. As a result, significant changes in the angle of attack of the blades and corresponding unsteady rotor loads are observed. The research was performed for different operating conditions to obtain performance curves and assess the BLI influence. This demonstrated the second problem arising from the operation of the fan with the distorted flow at the inlet, which is a reduction of the stall margin (48% reduction in the experiment). The whole stage was optimized for the axisymmetric flow to ensure a required value of stall margin and the highest possible efficiency at the design point. The experimental efficiency of the rig at the design point with the distorted inlet was 2.05% lower than the undistorted one. The CFD model shows a 1.25% reduction. Similar reductions were obtained for other operating points.
Sensitivity of Adiabatic Cooling Effectiveness to Mainstream and Coolant Temperatures in Transonic Flow Over an Idealized Blade Tip Model
Authors: Ma Haiteng , Zeng Wei , Dai Siming , Jiang Hongmei
Published: August 2022

Film cooling, as a key technology to ensure turbine survival in new generation gas turbines, has been studied profusely in subsonic flows. But in transonic flow, the determination of adiabatic cooling effectiveness faces a dilemma in the state of the art. Specifically, derivation of reference temperature, or local recovery temperature, in adiabatic effectiveness is disputable. Some researchers designate it to be the adiabatic wall temperature for the uncooled model (linear regression method (LRM)), but others calculate it from an iterative procedure based on a pair of cooling tests (dual linear regression technique (DLRT)). As the first of the kind effort to explore this dilemma, this article carried out transient thermal measurements by infrared thermography, for transonic flow over an idealized blade tip model. Heat transfer experiments were conducted for the uncooled and cooled cases, at two mainstream temperatures of 340 K and 325 K and two coolant temperatures of 276 K and 287 K. Data from these six experimental groups were processed by LRM and DLRT, respectively, to obtain heat transfer coefficient and adiabatic effectiveness, whose sensitivity to mainstream and coolant temperatures is tested and compared. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient is basically insensitive to temperature boundary conditions and data reduction methods, as expected. However, for adiabatic effectiveness, LRM results are sensitive to the 11 K decrease of coolant temperature in areas confined to the upstream of cooling injection, and much less so to the 15 K rise in mainstream temperature. DLRT result, derived from the test pair with two coolant temperatures, reduces globally and conspicuously with 15 K increase in mainstream temperature. Furthermore, adiabatic effectiveness obtained by LRM is qualitatively different from that by DLRT, which is mainly attributed to the large discrepancy in reference temperature between the two methods.
Moxifloxacin-Mediated Killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Involves Respiratory Downshift, Reductive Stress, and Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Shee Somnath , Singh Samsher , Tripathi Ashutosh , Thakur Chandrani , Kumar T Anand , Das Mayashree , Yadav Vikas , Kohli Sakshi , Rajmani Raju S. , Chandra Nagasuma , Chakrapani Harinath , Drlica Karl , Singh Amit
Published: August 2022

Moxifloxacin is central to treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Effects of moxifloxacin on theMycobacterium tuberculosisredox state were explored to identify strategies for increasing lethality and reducing the prevalence of extensively resistant tuberculosis.
Omadacycline Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics in the Hollow Fiber System Model and Potential Combination Regimen for Short Course Treatment of Mycobacterium kansasii Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Singh Sanjay , Gumbo Tawanda , Boorgula Gunavanthi D. , Shankar Prem , Heysell Scott K. , Srivastava Shashikant
Published: August 2022

The 12-month therapy duration for the treatment of
Mycobacterium kansasii
pulmonary disease calls for more efficacious drugs for better treatment outcomes and to shorten the therapy duration. We performed (i) omadacycline MIC with
M. kansasii
ATCC 12478 strain and 21 clinical isolates, (ii) dose-response study in the hollow fiber system model of
M. kansasii
(HFS-
Mkn
) with six human equivalent omadacycline daily doses to determine the optimal drug exposure for the maximal kill, and (iii) a second HFS-
Mkn
study to determine the efficacy of omadacycline (300 mg/day) plus moxifloxacin (600 mg/day) plus tedizolid (200 mg/day) combination regimen with standard regimen as comparator.
Answer to August 2022 Photo Quiz
Authors: Mahatanan Rattanaporn , Lin Chun-Chieh , Kim Justin J. , Potthast Joseph K. , Martin Isabella W.
Published: August 2022

Read the full article for the answer.
Reconstructing a dismembered Neogene basin along the active Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand
Authors: Hines Benjamin R. , Seebeck Hannu , Crampton James S. , Bland Kyle J. , Strogen Dominic P.
Published: August 2022

The East Coast Basin (ECB), New Zealand, preserves the most complete onshore stratigraphic record of the Cretaceous–Neogene development of Zealandia from Gondwana breakup, through rift-drift, to evolution of the modern Hikurangi subduction margin and Pacific-Australia plate boundary. As such, it provides important constraints for southwest Pacific plate tectonic reconstructions. The basin is, however, deformed and variably dismembered, and in previous tectonic models it has been treated as a zone of poorly constrained deformation. Here, multiple geological and geophysical data sets are integrated with a tectonic reconstruction to provide a synthesis of regional and intrabasin-scale structural evolution of the ECB during the Neogene, producing a new geologically constrained approach toward qualitative and quantitative assessment of deformation across the New Zealand plate boundary zone. We produce the first palinspastic reconstructions for the entire basin during key times in plate boundary development, within a well-constrained plate-tectonic framework, supported by independent deformation estimates. These reconstructions account for contraction, strike-slip, and vertical-axis rotation of crustal blocks. In the context of the reconstruction model, the ECB has dominantly experienced upper-plate shortening and vertical-axis rotations; strike-slip processes are considered comparatively minor. Comparison of the reconstruction model with independent data highlight several pronounced deformation intervals (26–23 Ma, 20–15 Ma, 11 Ma, and 7–4 Ma) in the structural and sedimentary evolution of the ECB, Hikurangi subduction margin, and New Zealand plate boundary zone, demonstrating that it is possible to integrate a wide range of geological data sets to develop meaningful reconstructions in highly tectonised regions.
Availability, scope and quality of monkeypox clinical management guidelines globally: a systematic review
Authors: Webb Eika , Rigby Ishmeala , Michelen Melina , Dagens Andrew , Cheng Vincent , Rojek Amanda M , Dahmash Dania , Khader Susan , Gedela Keerti , Norton Alice , Cevik Muge , Cai Erhui , Harriss Eli , Lipworth Samuel , Nartowski Robert , Groves Helen , Hart Peter , Blumberg Lucille , Fletcher Tom , Jacob Shevin T , Sigfrid Louise , Horby Peter W
Published: August 2022

Background

Monkeypox (MPX) is an important human Orthopoxvirus infection. There has been an increase in MPX cases and outbreaks in endemic and non-endemic regions in recent decades. We appraised the availability, scope, quality and inclusivity of clinical management guidelines for MPX globally.

Methods

For this systematic review, we searched six databases from inception until 14 October 2021, augmented by a grey literature search until 17 May 2022. MPX guidelines providing treatment and supportive care recommendations were included, with no exclusions for language. Two reviewers assessed the guidelines. Quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool.

Results

Of 2026 records screened, 14 guidelines were included. Overall, most guidelines were of low-quality with a median score of 2 out of 7 (range: 1–7), lacked detail and covered a narrow range of topics. Most guidelines focused on adults, five (36%) provided some advice for children, three (21%) for pregnant women and three (21%) for people living with HIV. Treatment guidance was mostly limited to advice on antivirals; seven guidelines advised cidofovir (four specified for severe MPX only); 29% (4/14) tecovirimat, and 7% (1/14) brincidofovir. Only one guideline provided recommendations on supportive care and treatment of complications. All guidelines recommended vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Three guidelines advised on vaccinia immune globulin as PEP for severe cases in people with immunosuppression.

Conclusion

Our results highlight a lack of evidence-based clinical management guidelines for MPX globally. There is a clear and urgent need for research into treatment and prophylaxis including for different risk populations. The current outbreak provides an opportunity to accelerate this research through coordinated high-quality studies. New evidence should be incorporated into globally accessible guidelines, to benefit patient and epidemic outcomes. A ‘living guideline’ framework is recommended.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020167361.
Sleep-related healthcare use prevalence among adults with insomnia symptoms in Hebei, China: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Long , Li Keqing , Zhang Yunshu , Zhang Lili
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study investigated the prevalence of sleep-related healthcare use and the factors associated with it among adults with different insomnia symptoms.

Design and setting

This was a population-based study with a cross-sectional design conducted in Hebei province, China.

Participants

Participants were community residents aged 18 years and above; a total of 21 376 valid questionnaires were analysed.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to evaluate participants’ insomnia symptoms. Variables such as sleep-related healthcare use, chronic disease, living alone and sociodemographics were assessed for all the participants.

Results

Among adults with any insomnia symptoms, only 2.1% used sleep-related healthcare in the past year. Even for adults with insomnia, the prevalence of sleep-related healthcare use was only 6.2%. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of sleep-related healthcare use among adults with sleep induction, night awakenings, earlier awakening, sleep duration, sleep quality, daytime well-being, daytime functioning, and daytime sleepiness were 3.1%, 2.9%, 3.6%, 3.4%, 3.9%, 4.9%, 4.6% and 2.8%, respectively. The following factors were associated with sleep-related healthcare use among adults with insomnia: male (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.52, p<0.01), younger age (aOR=1.02, p<0.01), rural region (aOR=0.45, p<0.001) and AIS score (aOR=1.23, p<0.001). The same factors were also associated with sleep-related healthcare use among adults with insomnia symptoms.

Conclusions

The prevalence of sleep-related healthcare use among adults with insomnia symptoms is very low. Young men from rural areas with insomnia symptoms tend not to use healthcare. As such, it is necessary to form policies and strategies to promote sleep-related healthcare use among rural young men with insomnia symptoms.
Oral diazoxide versus placebo for severe or recurrent neonatal hypoglycaemia: Neonatal Glucose Care Optimisation (NeoGluCO) study – a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Laing Don , Walsh Eamon , Alsweiler Jane M , Hanning Sara M , Meyer Michael P , Ardern Julena , Cutfield Wayne S , Rogers Jenny , Gamble Greg D , Chase J Geoffrey , Harding Jane E , McKinlay Christopher JD
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Infants with severe or recurrent transitional hypoglycaemia continue to have high rates of adverse neurological outcomes and new treatment approaches are needed that target the underlying pathophysiology. Diazoxide is one such treatment that acts on the pancreatic β-cell in a dose-dependent manner to decrease insulin secretion.

Methods and analysis

Phase IIB, double-blind, two-arm, parallel, randomised trial of diazoxide versus placebo in neonates ≥35 weeks’ gestation for treatment of severe (blood glucose concentration (BGC)<1.2 mmol/L or BGC 1.2 to <2.0 mmol/L despite two doses of buccal dextrose gel and feeding in a single episode) or recurrent (≥3 episodes <2.6 mmol/L in 48 hours) transitional hypoglycaemia. Infants are loaded with diazoxide 5 mg/kg orally and then commenced on a maintenance dose of 1.5 mg/kg every 12 hours, or an equal volume of placebo. The intervention is titrated from the third maintenance dose by protocol to target BGC in the range of 2.6–5.4 mmol/L. The primary outcome is time to resolution of hypoglycaemia, defined as the first point at which the following criteria are met concurrently for ≥24 hours: no intravenous fluids, enteral bolus feeding and normoglycaemia. Groups will be compared for the primary outcome using Cox’s proportional hazard regression analysis, expressed as adjusted HR with a 95% CI.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial has been approved by the Health and Disability Ethics Committees of New Zealand (19CEN189). Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, to clinicians and researchers at local and international conferences and to the public.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12620000129987.
Comparison of age-related vascular changes in the optic disc of patients with diabetes, with glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous features
Authors: Gonzalez de la Rosa Manuel , de-la-Huerga-Moreno Santiago , Alfonso-Lopez Francisco , Cabrera-Lopez Francisco , Pareja-Rios Alicia , Gonzalez-Hernandez Daniel , Gonzalez-Hernandez Marta
Published: August 2022

Objective

To identify age-related vascular changes in the optic discs of patients with diabetes with and without signs of glaucoma.

Methods and analysis

A total of 2153 eyes of 1797 patients with diabetes without significant retinopathy were monitored with 10 Topcon-NW400 images obtained over 10.27±1.58 years. 571 non-diabetics eyes were selected as controls. Laguna ONhE uses convolutional neural networks to identify optic disc edges, vessels, cup and rim, and provides a glaucoma assessment index—Globin Distribution Function (GDF).

Results

In the first image, vessel pixels accounted for 33.88% of the disc area (SD=3.72) in non-glaucoma (DN) and 31.35% (SD=4.05; p<0.0001) in glaucoma cases (DG). This number of pixels was reduced by −0.55% each year (SD=0.77) in the DN and −0.76% (SD=0.86; p=0.0014) in the DG. In the first image, 76.55% of the disc pixels (SD=11.13) belonged to the rim in the DN and 62.05% (SD=11.00; p=0.0014) in the DG, decreasing annually by −0.33% (SD=0.99) in the DN and −0.68% (SD=1.08; p<0.00001) in the DG groups. All rim sectors were reduced over time in the DG group, particularly superotemporal (41°–80°) and inferotemporal (271°–310°). The reduction was smaller in DN, presenting as progressive thickening of the temporal sector (311°–40°). No changes in age were observed in healthy controls.

Conclusion

Patients with diabetes show progressive reduction of vessels and neuroretinal rim at the optic disc, which is more intense in association with glaucoma. In the absence of glaucoma, the temporal sector of the diabetic rim was not reduced but thickened, displacing the cup nasally.
Softly higher-derivative massive gravity
Authors: Almeida C. A. S. , Cruz W. T. , Maluf R. V. , Petrov A. Yu. , Porfirio P.
Published: August 2022

In this work, we study the higher-derivative massive gravity in D-dimensional space-time with the mass term arisen due to a 2-brane embedded in a 4D Minkowski spacetime. We consider the effect of a resonance mass term from the DGP braneworld model for the higher-derivative massive gravity. Moreover, we add the gravitational Chern–Simons and Ricci–Cotton terms to this model and evaluate the graviton propagator using a basis of Barnes–Rivers spin projectors. Using the obtained propagator, we proceed with discussing the consistency of the model, writing the dispersion relations, and analyzing causality and unitarity.
Research on Prediction of Housing Prices Based on GA-PSO-BP Neural Network Model: Evidence from Chongqing, China
Authors: Sun Ziyi , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2022

Since 2000, the real estate industry has experienced rapid development, and at the same time, it has driven the rapid growth of housing prices, and the trend of housing prices has attracted attention. This paper integrates genetic algorithm and particle swarm algorithm to optimize BP neural network, and establishes a housing price prediction model based on mixed genetic particle swarm BP neural network. The average data of housing prices in Chongqing, China from 2000 to 2020 and several main factors affecting the trend of housing prices were selected as experimental data. Through the training and simulation prediction based on the mixed particle swarm BP neural network, the error between the predicted value and the actual value was within 0.5%, the validity and accuracy of the model are proved. At the same time, this paper predicts the average price of residential commercial housing in Chongqing in 2021, which provides a reference for the government’s macro-control and sellers to carry out residential commercial housing.