bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Determining Influential Factors of Antenatal Care Visits in Bangladesh
Authors: Nayem H. M. , Hossain Md. Moyazzem , Aziz Sinha , Rahman Tareq , Trisha Salma Sultana , Bashar Abul
Published: October 2023

Antenatal care (ANC) is a crucial part of the ongoing care that a mother receives before and throughout her pregnancy, at the time of delivery, and during the recovery period. This study aimed to explore the influential factors of ANC visits and evaluate the predictive model performance of identifying the determinants of ANC visits in Bangladesh using seven machine learning algorithms. This study is based on the secondary data extracted from the 2017-2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), which covered a nationally representative sample of 20,250 ever-married women aged 15–49 years. The final data consist of 4,946 mothers who gave birth in the three years preceding the survey. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques along with machine learning algorithms were used for data analysis. Of the 4,946 women, most were middle-aged and in the age groups of 20-24 years (35.4%) and 25-29 years (26.2%). Receiving a greater number of ANC services was significantly positively correlated with the frequency of ANC visits. Higher wealth indices increase the chance of completing an ANC visit. The random forest (RF) model shows that age, richest, number of children, household size, and mother's primary education level are the top five important predictors of antenatal care (ANC) visits. The quality of ANC services in Bangladesh could be increased by having a better grasp of the identified risk factors and implementing them in short- and long-term initiatives.
Factors Influencing Access to Primary Health Care in Luanda, Angola
Authors: Maquengo Antónia Sónia Carvalho , Bastos Alfredo Manuel , Santana Marli Stela
Published: October 2023

The Primary Health Care System (PHCS) is the first of the three hierarchical levels of care, based on the strategy of primary health care, is the first point of contact of the population with the health system. In Luanda, Angola, the primary care network presents challenges in its management, as well as in the perception of its purposes, which constitutes a serious problem for the demand for health services, this is the reason for this study. The present research aimed to evaluate the level of adherence and satisfaction related to health care system and their influence to acces the public primary health care facilities in Luanda, from the perspective of health professionals and users. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out on 120 health professionals and 423 users. We found a statistically significant association between the level of education and the professionals' disbelief in health services (P = 0.001), as well as the users' family income (P = 0.0002). The users' perception is that there is a switch in test results (P = 0.01). Furthermore, they also believe that when attending health units, the user leaves sicker than he entered (P = 0.01). Thus, it was found that the level of user adherence to the services of the Primary Health Care Units (PHCU) in Luanda ranged between "good" and "acceptable".We identified elements capable of compromising the quality of services and, consequently, interfering with adherence to them, which suggests the need for the development of management strategies for health facilities, in order to overcome the challenges presented in the study.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of ACE insertion/deletion variant on cardiometabolic profile, premature coronary artery disease and severity of coronary lesions
Authors: Li Hang , 媛yuan Yuan , Peng Yuanyuan , Luo Zhi
Published: October 2023

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is closely related to cardiometabolic risk factors and atherosclerosis. This study investigates whether the ACE variant impacts cardiometabolic profile, premature coronary artery disease (PCAD), and severity of coronary lesions. In total, 91 studies (94,270 individuals) were included for the analysis. The rs4646994 (an insertion/deletion variant in the ACE gene) D allele was linked to a higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). The D allele of rs4646994 was associated with a higher risk of PCAD and multiple vessel lesions. The impactsof rs4646994 on lipid levels were significant in Asians but stronger in females. In contrast, the impacts of rs4646994 on blood pressure, PCAD, and severity of coronary lesions were significant in Caucasians and males. Our study suggested that rs4646994 had a slight but significant impact on cardiometabolic risk factors, PCAD, and severity of coronary lesions. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) may benefit high-risk populations (eg, Caucasians, males, and females with high LDL-C levels) with rs4646994 to prevent PCAD and multiple vessel lesions.
Comorbidities of Diabetes and Hypertension in Vietnam: current burden, trends over time, and correlated factors
Authors: Vu Lan Thi Hoang , Bui Quyen Thi Tu , Tran Bao Quoc , Pham Nga Quynh , Lai Truong Duc , Le Hoang Tu , Hoang Minh Van
Published: October 2023

Background: Vietnam conducted the national STEPs surveys in the years 2010, 2015, and 2021. This study aims to use STEPs data to assess the burden of comorbidity between diabetes and hypertension, analyze trends over time, and identify factors associated with this comorbidity.
Methods: the study extracted data for the population aged 25-64 years old from three STEPs surveys. Survey weight was used for all estimations of prevalence and 95% CI. Cochran–Armitage test was used to test for significant trends. Correlated factors with comorbidity were examined by a multivariate logistics model.
Results: The prevalence of comorbidity in 2021 was about 3.92% among Vietnamese people aged 25-64. In the last 10 years, this prevalence has increased more than 8 times (from 0.44% to 3.92%). Sub-populations demonstrating the most significant changes included the male population, people living in urban areas, and older people. Significant factors correlated with comorbidity included demographic factors, BMI, and clustering of 4 NCD behavioral risk factors (OR=3.56, p<0.05)
Conclusion: The high comorbidity between hypertension and diabetes underscores the imperative for integrated treatment and management approaches in Vietnam. Coordinated care is essential for addressing the complex interplay between these two prevalent conditions.
Nutrition and diet myths, knowledge and practice during pregnancy and lactation among a sample of Egyptian pregnant women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdalla Marwa , Zein Marwa M , Sherif Ahmed , Essam Bassam , Mahmoud Hend
Published: October 2023

Background
Globally, the burden of maternal malnutrition remains an enormous public health problem; malnourished pregnant women are at increased risk of having low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. Several reports suggest a possible association between malnutrition among lactating mothers and the production of smaller quantities of breast milk. Many women have incorrect nutrition knowledge during pregnancy due to false beliefs derived from popular practices. Our study was conducted to assess nutritional knowledge, myths, and practices among Egyptian women during pregnancy and lactation.
Methodology
A pretested 2-page interview questionnaire was used to collect data from the study participants after written informed consent was obtained from them after clarification of the study's aim. Obstetrics and gynecology experts collected the data from pregnant females who agreed to participate in private and university hospital antenatal care clinics in Cairo, Egypt.
Results
A total of 468 pregnant females completed the interview questionnaire. The mean knowledge score was 5 ± 3, with a median score of 5 and an IQR of 3–7, and the mean holding myths score was 3 ± 2, with a median score of 2 and an IQR of 2–4. Regarding the correct answers to the knowledge questions, more than 70% of the participants correctly answered that during the first six months of life, breast milk is the only food a baby requires, and less than 20% of them correctly answered that caffeine consumption could provoke premature birth. Regarding the holding myths questions, more than half of the participants held the myth that drinking moghat and helba increases the breast milk supply. We found that the most common source of knowledge during pregnancy and lactation among the participants was family and friends’ advice (60%), followed by others (doctors, previous education in school or university) (45%).
Conclusion
Among a sample of Egyptian women, more than half held at least one myth about nutrition and diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding, so health education at antenatal outpatient clinics should be directed toward those myths to correct them. Older women with sufficient family income showed significantly higher knowledge scores than others.
Study on predictive models for swallowing risk in patients with AECOPD
Authors: Xiong Shuyun , Zhou You , He Wenfeng , Zhu Jinling , He Wenfang , Ding Meizhu , Si Dongxu
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: The risk of swallowing is considered a complication in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, AECOPD may have risk factors for swallowing.
METHODS: This study included 100 patients with AECOPD. General Data, lung function, COPD assessment test (CAT) and Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) were collected. The questionnaire survey was conducted by uniformly trained investigators using standard and neutral language, and swallowing risk was evaluated on the day of patient admission.
RESULTS: Among the 100 included patients, 50(50%) were at risk of swallowing. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 74, mMRC≥2, hospitalization days≥7and the use of BIPAP assisted ventilation were important influencing factors for swallowing risk in patients with AECOPD.
CONCLUSION: Patients with AECOPD are at risk for swallowing, assessing age, mMRC, hospitalization days, and the use of BIPAP assisted ventilation can be used to screen for swallowing risk, thus contributing to the implementation of early prevention measures.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Stabilizes Mismatch Repair for Effective, Uniform Treatment of Diverse Colorectal Cancer Cell Types
Authors: He Yuanyuan , Lu Fu , Jiang Chenmin , Gong Fanwu W. , Wu Zhengwei W. , Ostrikov Ken
Published: October 2023

Mismatch Repair (MMR) is a mechanism to repair DNA replication errors and could stabilize the DNA microsatellite structure. Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be divided into microsatellite stability (MSS) and microsatellite instability (MSI) types according to the functional difference of MMR. MSI colorectal cancer is more chemotherapy-resistant due to lower MMR protein expression. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging treatment to induce apoptosis of various cancer cells. However, the therapeutic effects of CAP on MSI colorectal cancer and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we studied the products and tools of CAP on MSI (MC38, HCT116, and LOVO) and MSS (CT26 and HT29) CRC cell lines. We found that CAP treatment showed the same effects on apoptosis, ROS, and RNS levels and expression of apoptosis-related proteins in both MSI and MSS cells. Mechanistically, CAP increased the expression of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1 and MSH2), particularly in MSI cells, which have been proven to promote apoptosis-related protein activation. Collectively, our study reveals that CAP upregulates apoptotic signaling and induces apoptosis in MSI colorectal cancer cells by increasing the expression of MMR proteins, thereby enhancing MMR stabilization.
Exploring combinations of dimensionality reduction, transfer learning, and regularization methods for predicting binary phenotypes with transcriptomic data
Authors: Oshternian Setareh Rezaee , Loipfinger Stefan , Bhattacharya Arkajyoti , Fehrmann Rudolf.S.N.
Published: October 2023

Background
Numerous transcriptomic-based models have been developed to predict or understand the fundamental mechanisms driving biological phenotypes. However, few models have successfully transitioned into clinical practice due to challenges associated with generalizability and interpretability. To address these issues, researchers have turned to dimensionality reduction methods and have begun implementing transfer learning approaches.
Methods
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies by exploring the optimal combination of dimensionality reduction methods (with and without transfer learning), and regularization techniques in predictive modeling. We employed four dimensionality reduction methods, namely, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Consensus Independent Component Analysis (c-ICA), Autoencoder (AE), and Adversarial Variational Autoencoder (AVAE). Additionally, we applied a transfer learning approach by training the AE, AVEA, and c-ICA models on approximately 140,000 transcriptomic profiles. To assess the performance of the different combinations, we used a cross-validation setup encapsulated within a permutation testing framework, analyzing 30 different transcriptomic datasets with binary phenotypes. Furthermore, we included datasets with small sample sizes and phenotypes of varying degrees of predictability, and we employed independent datasets for validation.
Results
Our findings revealed that regularized models without dimensionality reduction achieved the highest predictive performance, challenging the necessity of dimensionality reduction when the primary goal is to achieve optimal predictive performance. However, models using AE and c-ICA with transfer learning for dimensionality reduction showed comparable performance, with enhanced interpretability and robustness of predictors, compared to models using non-dimensionality-reduced data.
Conclusion
These findings offer valuable insights into the optimal combination of strategies for enhancing the predictive performance, interpretability, and generalizability of transcriptomic-based models.
The danger of free roaming dogs in urban settings: A report of two suspected rabid dogs on rampage that inflicted 47 bites to people and domestic animals in peri-urban Uganda
Authors: Tayebwa Dickson , Rashid Njalira Kassim , Wilfred Eneku , Ssekandi Colin , Kyabarongo Alex , Mutesasira Jesse , Komugisha Mariam , Atim Stella Acaye , Kateregga John , Muhangi Denis , Tweyongyere Robert , Goldberg Tony Lawrence , Biryomumaisho Savino , Acai James Okwee
Published: October 2023

Background
Human rabies cases associated with bites from rabid roaming dogs are prevalent in Uganda. Unfortunately, there is limited documentation of the circumstances surrounding those bites. Here, we documented dog attacks to humans and animals in two peri-urban areas in Central Uganda.
Methods
We responded to alerts of two suspected rabid dogs on rampage. We traced the dogs responsible for the attacks to diagnose the cause of the aggression and we interviewed the victims and community members to determine the circumstances of the bites and health care sought by the victims. We scheduled follow-up visits after 40 days, to assess compliance of the victims to rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and to document any challenges encountered in the process.
Results
The two rabid dogs inflicted 47 recorded attacks to 29 humans, mostly children (75.8%) and 18 domestic animals in Matugga and Mawale parishes in Wakiso and Luweero districts, respectively. Two individuals washed the wound with water and 7 individuals reported to the health facility for treatment in accordance with the WHO-guidelines for preclinical management of bites from suspected rabies cases. By contrast, 17 individuals sought treatment from a traditional healer while 5 individuals self-medicated with herbs at home. We advised those individuals to visit health facilities for proper medical care. All the victims started rabies PEP treatment; however, 2 individuals did not complete their prescription. Although rabies PEP at public health facilities was free, regularly the victims paid 3–5 USD to the clinician as an incentive while the cost at private health facilities was 13–15 USD for a single dose. Due to the unprovoked attacks, the victims and local leaders advocated for elimination of roaming dogs, but the roaming dog owners objected.
Conclusions
Overall, our results demonstrate the outsized impact that a single-rabid dog can have on a community. They also reveal how poverty, knowledge gaps, community trust in traditional healers, and barriers to healthcare access negatively affect medical care given to dog bite victims in this setting. Educational campaigns and control of roaming dogs should help improve the situation in Central Uganda, as well as in other socioeconomically similar settings.
Role of Mast Cell, Ki-67 and Bcl-2 in the Diagnosis of Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: DAYE Munise , FINDIK Sıdıka , ISIK Begum , UYAR Mehmet
Published: October 2023

Diagnosis of early-stage MF, there are molecular studies that include Bcl-2 and ki-67, but there is no study showing that mast cells can be used both in the diagnosis of early-stage MF and in the etiopathogenesis of MF. In our study, we aimed to show that Ki-67, Bcl-2 and mast cell staining, which can be easily obtained in every laboratory, are helpful markers in the diagnosis of early-stage MF.
Methods:
A total of 81 cases, including 27 Mycosis Fungoides, 27 benign inflammatory dermatoses (psoriasis, lichen planus, eczema) and 27 patients without any disease, were included in the study retrospectively. Ki-67, Bcl-2 and mast cell counts were made under a light microscope with stained slides.
Results:
Mast cells were found to be significantly higher in cases of mycosis fungoides compared to cases of benign inflammatory dermatosis (p>0.001). In mycosis fungoides cases, ki-67, Bcl-2 and mast cells were significantly higher compared to the control group (p>0.001). In benign inflammatory dermatosis cases, ki-67 and Bcl-2 were found to be significantly higher than the control group (p>0.001).
Conclusion:
MF lesions are initially included in the differential diagnosis of many diseases including eczema, psoriasis, and lichen planus. In this case, histopathological examination is used in order to reach a clear diagnosis. Ki-67, Bcl-2 and mast cells were found significantly higher in MF patients compared to the control group. However, no difference was found between MF and benign inflammatory dermatoses in ki-67 and Bcl-2 staining.
Rupture of Thin Film Covering the Liquid Metal Stirred by Alternating Magnetic Field. Numerical Simulation
Authors: Nikulin I. L. , Demin V. A. , Nukulina S. A.
Published: October 2023

The present work deals with the technological process of induction melting of heat-resistant nickel alloys and, in particular, with the problem of formation and stability of oxide film on the surface of the melt. Our mathematical model describes the heat and mass transfer in the metal melt subjected to the influence of an alternating magnetic field, and the elastic stress states of the film on its surface. The governing equations of the problem are given and non-dimensional parameters are discussed. It is shown how the influence of the magnetic field strength on the flow of the metal melt changes at different frequencies. The states of the surface film are studied theoretically using numerical simulation. It is shown that the variation of the field strength at different frequencies leads to decaying oscillations in the velocity field. The causes of these oscillations are discussed in detail. The stress and destruction of thin films by melt motion are considered. The mechanisms responsible for the primary destruction of the initial film and its fragments are revealed. The rupture of quasi-stable films at different frequencies is studied. It is shown that the result of the influence on the film state with the increase of the magnetic field strength depends on the field frequency. The frequency range was found in which the surface film is strong enough to prevent the intensification of the melt flow with the increase of the magnetic field strength, this effect provides the stability of the film.
Leaching Experiments to Delineate Factors Governing Rock–water Interactions: Case of the North- Western Part of the Volta River Basin of Ghana
Authors: Lartsey Priscilla Esinu Selase
Published: October 2023

Leaching experiments were carried out on five silicate rock samples from the various geological units of the North-Western part of the Volta River Basin of Ghana. Four experimental conditions were tested: (1) room temperature experiments opened to only atmospheric conditions, (2) at a temperature of 50ºC, (3) experiment saturated with CO2 gas and (4) in acid environment (HNO3 & H2SO4). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these conditions on rock-water interactions that influence groundwater chemistry in the study area. Mineralogical composition of rocks analyzed prior to the experiment, through petrographic microscope and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed that rocks are composed of Quartz, Albite, K-Feldspar, Ca- Amphibole, Epidote, Biotite, Chlorite and Muscovite, which are typical silicate minerals. Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH of leachates measured periodically to monitor reaction progress, revealed that the variations of these parameters were influenced by the mineralogical composition of the rocks, reaction time and experimental conditions. The chemical facies of lixiviate samples from the environment saturated in CO2 at 1 bar were consistent with groundwater chemistry from the study area, corroborating the importance of CO2 gas on rock-water interactions. Mass balance calculations carried out on leachates from experiments saturated with CO2 revealed that major cation chemistry were largely a result of the dissolution of Albite, K-Feldspar, Biotite, Ca-Amphibole and Biotite.
Genotype by environment and genotype by yield*trait interactions in sugar beet: Analyzing yield stability and determining key traits association
Authors: Hassani Mahdi , Mahmoudi Seyed Bagher , Saremirad Ali , Taleghani Dariush
Published: October 2023

The GEI significantly influences plant yield, making it imperative to understand its nature for the creation of breeding programs to enhance crop production. However, this is not the only obstacle in the yield improvement process. Breeders also face the significant challenge of unfavorable and negative correlations among key traits. In this study, the stability of RY and WSY, and the association between the key traits of RY, SC, N, Na+, and K+ were examined in 20 sugar beet genotypes. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replications over two consecutive years across five locations. The combined analysis of variance results revealed significant main effects of year, location, and genotype on both RY and WSY. Notably, two-way and three-way interactions between these main effects on RY and WSY resulted in a significant difference. The AMMI method was used to analyze the GEI. The analysis revealed that the first five IPCs significantly impacted both the RY and WSY. The LMM results for RY and WSY indicated that the genotype effect and the GEI were significant. The WAASB biplot demonstrated that genotypes 20, 4, 7, 2, 16, 3, 6, 1, 14, and 15 were superior in terms of RY. For WSY, genotypes 4, 16, 3, 7, 5, 1, 10, 20, 2, and 6 stood out. These genotypes were not only stable but also had a yield value higher than the total average. According to the WAASBY, genotypes 16, 20, 2, and 14 exhibited high stability and RY. In terms of WSY and stability, genotypes 20, 3, 16, 4, and 10 were identified as the most suitable.
SSR marker based molecular diversity among advanced breeding lines of Katarni rice (Oryza sativa. L.) and validation of phenotypic selection through functional markers
Authors: Parveen Rabiya , Kumar Mankesh , Kashyap Neha , Imam Zafar , . Satyendra , Ranjan Tushar , Singh P K , Singh S P
Published: October 2023

Like Basmati, Katarni is a traditional aromatic rice cultivar grown primarily in its geographical indicated areas i.e. Bhagalpur, Banka and Munger districts of Bihar, India. However, known for exquisite grain quality characteristics, it suffers from lodging problem, and is very late maturing leading tolow productivity, constant decrease in acreage and farmer preference. Introgression of the semi-dwarfing gene (sd1) in Katarni was performed through marker assisted backcross breeding and advanced to obtain the homogeneous population. The derived lines were analyzed for the presence of genes for semi-dwarfism (sd1), aroma (badh2), flowering date (Hd3a) and kernel length (GS3) using functional markers. Improved lines of Katarni rice were found positive for sd1 gene in PCR and most of the entries simultaneously contained genes for short grain type, thus implicating the applicability of these markers in marker-assisted backcross breeding. Twenty three advanced breeding lines of Katarni were phenotypically evaluated for target traits viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, grain length, grain width and leaf aroma through sensory test alongwith their parental checks. Molecular profiling of the entries was carried out to develop DNA fingerprint using 81 SSR markers which were found to be highly informative and capable of distinguishing between genotypes. The PIC value was highest for marker RM15189 and RM182. The genetic distance detected through UPGMA clustering indicated five distinct groups, and maximum degree of similarity was observed between lines namely, ASGL11 and ASGL12 followed by ASGL9 and ASGL11. Except Hd3A, the molecular profiling through functional markers were also in congruity with the morphological data.
Tropheryma whipplei detection by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Authors: lai lan min , zhu yu , zhao rui , chen qiang , Liu Jiao Jiao , Liu Yang , Yuan Lei
Published: October 2023

Background: Whipple's disease is a chronic systemic infectious disease that mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract. Tropheryma whipplei is common in healthy individuals, but in some cases, Tropheryma whipplei can cause infection at the implant site or even throughout the body. The delay between the first clinical symptoms and diagnosis of Whipple's disease and Whipple's trophoblast infection exceeds 6 years, and recurrence is often observed. Therefore, clinical doctors need to understand the characteristics of this infection.
Methods: We collected blood, sputum, and alveolar lavage fluid samples from all patients with Tropheryma whipplei from 2020 to 2022, and retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of Sample with Tropheryma whipplei. Patient's past history, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, chest CT findings, treatment, and prognosis were recorded.
Results: 16 BALFs (70/1725, 4.0%) from 16 patients were positive for Tropheryma whipplei. 8 patients were male with an average age of 50 years. The main clinical symptoms of patients included fever (9/16), cough (7/16), dyspnea(7/16), and Expectoration(5/16), but neurological symptoms and arthralgia and were rare. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the most common comorbidity (n=8).The main laboratory characteristics of the patient are red blood cell count, hemoglobin, total protein and albumin below normal levels(11/16) , and/or creatinine above normal levels(14/16). Most chest computer tomography manifestations include focal or patchy heterogeneous infection (n=5) and pleural effusion (n=8). Among the 6 samples, Tropheryma whipplei was the sole agent, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common detected other pathogens.
Conclusions: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology has improved the detection rate and attention of Tropheryma whipplei. Further research is needed to distinguish whether Tropheryma whipplei present in respiratory samples is a pathogen or an innocent bystander.
Antimicrobial Resistant Pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from the Stool of Healthy Volunteers of Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa State
Authors: Germany Precious W. , Bunu Samuel J. , Adebola Onanuga A.
Published: October 2023

Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria is a normal flora of the human intestinal tract where they do not cause disease in normal circumstances but can also act as a human opportunistic pathogenic infection when it proliferates in increased amounts, where it may cause a host of health complaints and symptoms ranging from mild to serious infections (pneumonia, septicemia, Urinary tract infections). The virulence factors like capsule, lipopolysaccharide, and type 1 or type 3 fimbriae are responsible for K. pneumoniae to form biofilm. Klebsiella pneumonia responsible for serious outbreaks of multi-drug resistant diseases may be due to uncontrolled usage of antibiotics.
Method
The samples were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. The isolates were screened for possible virulence traits using the Blood agar test and Congo-Red test. Antibiotic susceptibility screening was carried out for the isolates.
Results
In this study (25.3%) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were recovered from the 300 stool samples of the healthy student volunteers, of which 29(38.2%) were from males and 47(61.8%) from females. The 76 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates screened are biofilm producers while none produced hemolysin. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for the 76 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in this study revealed (Co-trimoxazole 3.9%, Ciprofloxacin 11.8%, Cefotaxime 9.2%, Ceftazidime 6.6% and Gentamicin 9.2%, Imipenem 17.1% and Ertapenem 40.8% and Nitrofurantoin (89.5%). In this study (17.1%) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance.
Conclusion
Drug resistance surveillance has revealed that asymptomatic carriers in the community are often colonized with resistant bacteria that subsequently lead to infections.
The Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Emilia Sonchifolia Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis
Authors: Liu Xin , An Lili , Wang Xuebing , yufeng Fu , Zhou Yonghui , Peng Wei
Published: October 2023

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a public health concern and cause substantial morbidity and mortality.The pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis causes a significant number of BSIs. Antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus epidermidis have been the mainstay in BSIs. However, Conventional antibiotics have been eclipsed in combating with drug-resistant bacteria. Alternate ways of treating these antibiotic-resistant infections are thus urgently needed. Numerous studies have demonstrated that certain Chinese medicines exhibit notable antimicrobial activity and possess the ability to impede the development of bacterial resistance. Based on an extensive body of research in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), it has been determined that the Compositae plant exhibits a noteworthy anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis (MRSE) effect.
Methods: Initially, the Compositae plant Emilia sonchifolia underwent a screening process, followed by crushing and extraction using water. Subsequently, the extract was concentrated based on a specific ratio, dried, partitioned, and subsequently prepared for utilization.Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy and underlying antibacterial mechanism of Emilia sonchifolia against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis( MRSE). The antibacterial activity of Emilia sonchifolia against MRSE was assessed through in vitro tests measuring minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of Emilia sonchifolia against MRSE was evaluated in vivo using a mouse bloodstream infections model. Additionally, various aspects such as bacteria cell morphology and energy metabolism and defense mechanisms were investigated to explore the underlying antibacterial mechanisms of Emilia sonchifolia.
Results: The results showed that MIC and MBC values of Emilia sonchifolia against MRSE were 5mg/mL and 20mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, Emilia sonchifolia can effectively treat MRSE induced bloodstream infections. Furthermore, the utilization of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques unveiled that the administration of Emilia sonchifolia induced alterations in the cellular structure of MRSE, leading to the disruption of both cell wall and membrane integrity. Additionally, exposure to Emilia sonchifolia resulted in a decrease in the enzymatic activities of succinate dehydrogenase, NADP-malate dehydrogenase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase.
Conclusions: Thus, the aforementioned observations have contributed novel insights into the mechanistic understanding of Emilia sonchifolia's efficacy against MRSE, thereby offering potential strategies for managing MRSE infections.
Half dome carbon nitride nanostructures
Authors: Torre Alessandro La
Published: October 2023

We report on a new form of nanoscale carbon nitride in the shape of single layer half dome structures grown on the step edges of boron nitride sheets. The half dome structures are formed spontaneously at high temperature in high vacuum using Fe2O3 capped with N(CH3)4OH supported on BN sheets. During the combustion process the BN support, firstly, acted as a reducing agent for the transformation of the iron oxide in metallic iron, secondly, as a source of nitrogen that permitted the transformation of the organic capping agent in sp1 CN chains linked with sp2 CN domains. During the Ostwald ripening processes smaller nanoparticles migrates towards bigger nanoparticle, when the nanoparticles come across the step edges of few layer boron nitrides sheets the half dome structure is formed. The propensity of FeNPs to catalyse the formation of the half dome containing cyanopolyynes species has been shown for the first time. The coexistence of carbon nitride atoms in two well-defined hybridization states within the CN@HDS may offer functional features characteristic of carbyne and carbon nitride.
Genome-wide Systematic Survey and Analysis of the RNA Helicase Gene Family and their Response to Abiotic Stress in Sweetpotato
Authors: Mu mufangfang , Zheng Hao , Zhao Qiaorui , Zhu Mingku , Dong Tingting , Kai Lei , Li Zongyun
Published: October 2023

RNA helicase is a large family that plays a significant role in plant evolution and in the abiotic stress response. Sweetpotato is one of the majority essential foods in the world, and their yields are often contrived by environmental stresses. Previously, the RNA helicase gene family has not been described in sweetpotato, hence we went a comprehensive genome-wide examination of the sweetpotato RNA helicase family, containing chromosome distribution, promoter elements, and motif compositions. All of 300 RNA helicase genes were divided into three subfamilies, including IbDEAD, IbDEAH and IbDExDH, and they are unevenly scattered across 15 chromosomes of the sweetpotato. Furthermore, tandem replication and segmental replication events played a key role in the amplification of sweetpotato RNA helicase genes. The collinear relationship amidst sweetpotato RNA helicase genes and 8 other related homologous genes in plants was deeply explored, which supplied a reliable basis for studying the development of sweetpotato RNA helicase gene family. RNA-seq examination and qRT-PCR recognition showed that the expression of eight RNA helicase genes was significantly diverse under four abiotic stresses (cold, drought, heat, salt). At the same time, the expression of these RNA helicases in different tissues of the 10 sweetpotato varieties also differed significantly. The promoters of the RNA helicase genes contain a great deal of cis-acting elements related to temperature, hormone and light response. The results indicated that sweetpotato RNA helicase genes played a key role in development or the abiotic stress response.
ECG-Based Arrhythmia Detection by A Shallow CNN Model
Authors: rasti tara , zhu quanmin
Published: October 2023

Recent advances in biomedical applications have focused a lot of emphasis on the detection of which could be caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD) The electrocardiogram (ECG), which depicts the electrical activity of the heart, is the foundation for arrhythmia analysis. Different machine learning methods used on ECG datasets have demonstrated excellent performance in detecting arrhythmias. Nevertheless, feature extraction is necessary for machine learning algorithms. Modern deep learning techniques don't require feature extraction because they learn all the parameters simultaneously, in contrast to these techniques. In this study, a 1D CNN approach is presented and tested on the arrhythmia database of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH). The proposed model, which only has three layers, attained an accuracy of 97.40%.
Study on morphology reconstruction of SiC ceramics ground by monolayer patterned grinding wheel considering strain-rate effect
Authors: Zhu Yejun , Hou Zhiheng , Huang Zixuan , Li Benkai , Zhang Zhaoqin , Xu Jiaxuan , Ding Wenfeng
Published: October 2023

For the purpose of optimizing grinding wheel profiles and grinding parameters, the prediction of the morphology of the grinding workpiece is essential. In this study, a new simulation model is developed to forecast the grinding workpiece surface morphology of ceramic material while accounting for the strain-rate effect. The effects of grinding parameters and patterned grinding wheel characteristics (e.g., grain geometry, grain size, grain protrusion height, and grain placement) on the surface and subsurface damage are explored. The results show that the simulation findings agree well with the theoretical approach, which takes the strain-rate impact into account. Additionally, the magnitude of the change in surface roughness increases as the properties of the patterned grinding wheel grow, whereas the magnitude of the change in surface roughness reduces as the grinding parameters increase. Furthermore, the grinding parameters have a greater impact on subsurface damage than the patterned grinding wheel options.
Advancing Urban Health Assessment through Generative AI-Driven Indicators: GCR Case Study
Authors: Bakir Rasha Ahmed , Attia Sahar Abdel Moneim
Published: October 2023

The nexus between urban environment and health has been firmly established by the research community. Despite recognition of the importance of well-being and health within the urban context, and the existence of over 145 indices related to health that have been developed within this realm. A noticeable gap exists in the Egyptian context, marked by the absence of an established urban health index framework. This issue underscores the pressing need for the development of a standardized cohesive set of urban health indicators tailored to the Egyptian urban environment. Furthermore, the fast-paced nature of contemporary life increased reliance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. In this context, the present investigation delves into the employment of AI in the derivation of urban health indicators, aiming to comprehensively assess health within the urban context. The adopted methodology integrates AI-language tools, survey mechanisms, and statistics to formulate and validate an AI-derived index. This study aims to examine the reliability and validity of indicators developed by AI for assessing the health of urban environments. The study initially incorporated 78 indicators derived from four distinct AI-tools, which were then evaluated through an online survey targeting urban experts. This evaluative process culminated in the identification of 34 indicators that exhibited robustness and aptitude for inclusion in the refined index. The study additionally demonstrated that agreement with AI-derived index varied depending on gender, professional role, and years of experience. This study underscores potential for AI-driven methodologies to inform urban planners, policymakers, and decision-makers about creation of healthier, more sustainable, and resilient cities.
Interpretable Machine Learning for Early Prediction of Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infection：A Discovery and Validation Study
Authors: Sun Pei , Zhao Wenting , Wen Jinqi , Yang Yuanhui , Guo Wei , Shang Linping
Published: October 2023

Background Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) infection is a major public health threat in the world. We aim to predict risk of MDRO infections in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients by developing and validating a machine learning (ML) model.Methods This study included patients in the ICU from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022, and retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of the patients. Lasso regression was used for feature selection. We use 6 machine learning methods to analyze clinical features and build prediction models. Furthermore, we illustrate the effects of the features attributed to the model and interpret the prediction process based on the SHapley Additive exPlanation(SHAP).Results A total of 888 cases were collected, 63 cases were excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 825 final cases were included in the analysis, of which 375 were MDRO-infected patients. A total of 45 clinical variables were collected, and after selection, 31 variables were associated with outcomes and were used to develop machine learning models. We have build six ML models to predict MDRO infections, among which, the Random Forest (RF) model performs the best with an AUC of 0.83 and an accuracy of 0.767.Conclusions We built and validated an ML model for predicting patients who will develop MDRO infections, and the SHAP improves the interpretability of machine learning models and helps clinicians better understand the mechanisms behind the results. The model can provide guidance to ICU healthcare professionals in the prevention and control of patients at high risk of infection.
α7nAChR Activation Combined with Endothelial Progenitor Cell Transplantation Attenuates Lung Injury in Diabetic Rats with Sepsis through the NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Wang Haixu , Cai Xuemin , Zhang Aijia , Liu Enran , Li Zhiyuan , Jiang Tao , Li Dongmei , Ding Wengang
Published: October 2023

Chronic diabetes mellitus compromises the vascular system, which causes organ injury, including in the lung. Due to the strong compensatory ability of the lung, it always shows subclinical symptoms. Once sepsis occurs, the degree of lung injury is more severe under hyperglycemia. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) play an important role in regulating inflammation and metabolism, which could improve endothelial progenitor cell functions. In this study, we examined the role of diabetes mellitus during sepsis and whether α7nAChR activation combined with endothelial progenitor cell transplantation can protect the lung from septic and diabetic impairments. Type 2 diabetic model rats were induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Then, these rats were exposed to lipopolysaccharide in a two-hit manner to cause sepsis. The oxygenation index, wet-to-dry ratio and histopathological score of the lungs were tested after PNU282987 treatment and EPC transplantation. IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-10 levels were measured. Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, NF-κB levels were blotted. Sepsis caused obvious lung injury, which was exacerbated by diabetic conditions. α7nAChR activation and endothelial progenitor cell injection reduced injury in diabetic rats with sepsis, alleviating inflammation and decreasing apoptosis. This treatment was more effective when PNU282987 and endothelial progenitor cells were administered together. The phosphorylation of NF-κB was inhibited during this process. Activating α7nAChRs and endothelial progenitor cell transplantation alleviated the lung injury in diabetic rats with sepsis. During this process, the phosphorylation of NF-κB was reduced.
Phenotypic characterization and genetic diversity of macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) accessions based on oil attributes and fruit biometrics
Authors: Madeira Débora Durso Caetano , Motoike Sérgio Yoshimitsu , Simiqueli Guilherme Ferreira , Kuki Kacilda Naomi , Goulart Samuel Melo , Rigolon Thaís Caroline Buttow , Nogueira Pedro Tiago Santos , Castro Amanda Silva , Couto Evellyn Giselly Oliveira
Published: October 2023

Macauba is a Brazilian native palm widely distribute in environments with different edaphoclimatic characteristics. Its fruits have a great economic potential because the presence of oil in the pulp and kernel, that can be used in the biofuel, cosmetic and food companies. Macauba is a non-domesticated specie, and their genetic variability is an important characteristic to be evaluate, aiming the selection of superior genotypes to start a pre-breeding of the palm. In this context, the objective of this work was evaluating the genetic variability in macauba genotypes from different Brazilian locations. For this, 50 accessions were evaluated for following phenotypic trait: oil attributes and fruit biometry. The genotypes distributed in the accessions, were divided into three populations according to the state of origin: Pop1 was formed with accessions from Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo, Pop2 from Pará and Pernambuco, and Pop3 from Minas Gerais. The pulp oil was extracted to obtain the oil attributes: pulp oil content, fatty acid composition, carotenoid content, and pulp oil color. Fruit biometrics were performed to obtain total fruit weight and dry mass of husk, pulp, endosperm and kernel. Results showed that Pop1 presented the smallest fruits and the highest content of carotenoids, while Pop2 and Pop3 presented the largest fruits and lower carotenoid content. The highest oil content was observed in Pop3. Genetic diversity showed that genotypes clustered according to their geographic origin. Our results reveal that macauba had high variability for the traits evaluated and potential to be genetic improved.
Clinicopathological features of breast cancer progression: From DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jiahang , Aishan Nardire , SAAD BISSESSUR ABDUL , Chen Yongxia , Zhou Jichun , Ji Feiyang , Wang Linbo
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is regarded as non-invasive precursor lesion of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) but the molecular mechanisms and tumorigenesis behind DCIS progression remain to be elucidated. IDC sometimes present with a synchronous in-situ component (IDC-DCIS). The current study investigated the clinicopathological features that could predict DCIS progression and trace the origin of IDC.
Methods
Total 501 breast ductal carcinoma patients who underwent surgery as a first-line treatment between 2019 to 2022 from Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical outcomes in different molecular subtypes and nuclear grade were evaluated.
Results
DCIS was significantly associated with a positive CK5/6 expression (P < 0.001), which was observed especially in HER2 overexpression subtype (P = 0.0027). Compared to IDC-DCIS, EGFR expression was significantly higher in IDC (P < 0.001) in triple-negative subtype (P < 0.001). In IDC-DCIS, co-expression of several biomarkers was observed in the DCIS component and IDC component. High grade DCIS component was significantly associated with HER2 and high Ki-67 (P < 0.001). Compared to pure DCIS, the in-situ component of IDC-DCIS was associated with high Ki-67 (P = 0.004), negative EGFR (P = 0.003), positive CK5/6 (P < 0.001) and high grade (P = 0.004).
Conclusion
Molecular subtypes, nuclear grade, and expressions of EGFR and CK5/6 resulted in different clinicopathological profiles in DCIS, IDC-DCIS and IDC. Presence of in-situ component is a marker of reduced aggressiveness and also supported that DCIS is the precursor lesion. Overall, our study traced the origin of IDC and propounded that HER2 targeted therapies could be of potential use in DCIS clinical trials.