bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chrześcijanie syryjscy w systemie kastowym indyjskiej Kerali
Authors: Galewicz Cezary
Published: November 2017

Celem niniejszej prezentacji jest wprowadzenie w świat chrześcijan Kerali za pomocą szkicu etnograficznego z akcentem interkulturowym ilustrującym interesujący przypadek konceptualizacji hierarchicznej organizacji społecznej oraz praktyki koegzystencji radykalnie odmiennych religijnie społeczności w południowo­‑zachodniej części Półwyspu Indyjskiego – arenie spotkania tradycji wczesnych gmin chrześcijańskich ze wzmożoną działalnością misyjną Kościołów europejskich, poczynając od czasów Vasco da Gamy.
Europejczycy i chrześcijaństwo jako zagrożenie dla ładu w Japonii okresu Edo
Authors: Popiołek Piotr
Published: November 2017

Prześladowania chrześcijan w Japonii począwszy od XVII wieku miały związek z reorganizacją struktury władzy pod rządami Tokugawów. Zachodnia religia zaczęła być postrzegana jako stanowiąca zagrożenie wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne dla jednorodności państwa, jego suwerenności i stabilności. W artykule zostaną przywołane, zdaniem autora, najbardziej reprezentatywne pozycje z japońskiej literatury antychrześcijańskiej. Ukazane zostaną argumenty religijne wytaczane przeciwko doktrynie chrześcijańskiej z pozycji konfucjańskiej i buddyjskiej. Wielu autorów okresu Edo widziało w chrześcijaństwie podobieństwo do buddyzmu i jego zniekształcenie. Niezwykle kontrowersyjna dla Japończyków była nauka o Bogu jako najwyższemu władcy, któremu każdy musiał być bezwzględnie poddany, co mogło mieć zły wpływ na zachowanie tradycyjnych relacji i powinności w społeczeństwie. Argumentację, którą można określić jako polityczną (ale i etyczną), wytaczała wobec chrześcijaństwa szkoła Mito, która upatrywała w zachodniej doktrynie jedną z przyczyn rozkładu japońskiego społeczeństwa. Ponadto niektórzy spośród autorów uważali, że chrześcijaństwo służy jako narzędzie do kolonizacji Japonii przez obce mocarstwa. Owa heretycka (chrześcijańska) nauka, stając się celem ataków i polemik, w pewnym stopniu przyczyniała się do budowania tożsamości Japończyków. Misjonarze i konwertyci japońscy stali się „innymi”, którym przypisywano demoniczny, nieludzki wygląd, nadprzyrodzone zdolności, jak i najbardziej potępiane w społeczeństwie japońskim cechy, które innowierców całkowicie stygmatyzowały. Dotyczyło to zarówno misjonarzy, jak i rodzimych konwertytów. Aparat państwowy okresu Edo stworzył wiele mechanizmów mających umocnić swą kontrolę nad społeczeństwem. W ich wyniku sprawnie udało się wykorzenić chrześcijaństwo (pozostawiając jedynie odizolowane wspólnoty ukrytych chrześcijan).
The Bible, the Boundaries and the Christian Missionary Initiatives in the Caucasus During the Nineteenth Century: General Remarks
Authors: Rzepka Marcin
Published: November 2017

The article presents the main missionary organizations both Protestant and Orthodox working in the Caucasus in the nineteenth century. By presenting them in a rather general and brief form, the article is intended to emphasize the importance of the Bible translations in the missionary projects. The Bible itself constitutes a text which influences the missionary approach, as well as the cultural and social practices of the people to whom the Bible and its translation is addressed. The main assumption of the text is, however, that the changing attitudes to the Bible among the Christians living in the Caucasus were related to the appearance of the Protestants and their understanding of the Holy Book.
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF THE INTERVERTEBRAL TOTAL DISK ARTHROPLASTY OF THE LUMBAR SPINE BY M6-L PROSTHESIS: A MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: Byvaltsev V. A. , Kalinin A. A. , Pestryakov A. Y. , Shepelev V. V. , Stepanov I. A.
Published: November 2017

Background: Pain in the lower back is an urgent health issue in industrialized countries. The dominant cause of pain in the lumbosacral spine is the degeneration of the inter vertebral discs (I VD). The total prosthetics I VD is a modern method of surgical treatment of I VD degenerative diseases, an alternative method of rigid stabilization.Aim: To analyze the results of surgical inter vention (I VD prosthesis M6-L implantation) in patients with I VD degeneration of lumbar spine at the 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after the surger y.Materials and methods: The study included 156 patients (92 men, 64 women) aged 23 to 45 years who under went a single-level discectomy with implantation of an artificial IVD prosthesis M6-L  at the bases of three neurosurgical centers. For dynamic assessment, clinical parameters (pain intensity from the visual analogue pain scale (VAS), quality of life according to the Oswestry index, subjective satisfaction with the result of surgical treatment on the Macnab scale) and instrumental data (amplitude of movements in the operated spinal-motor segment, degree of heterotopic ossification according to McAfeeSuchomel classification) were applied at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surger y.Results: The mean value of the quality of life for the Oswestr y index before surger y was 40.2±6.9%, after ― 12.3±6.1% (t-test, p0.001). The mean value of the level of pain according to VAS before surger y was 6.9±1.6 cm; after surger y ― 1.3±1.2 cm (t-test, p0.001). The average range of motion in the operated segment at baseline was 36.8±2.6°, within 36 months after the operation increased up to 41.2±2.9°. During the entire period of obser vation the initial (13.4%) or moderate (10.2%) signs of heterotopic ossification were revealed. Conclusions: The use of prosthetic I VD M6-L can significantly reduce the level of pain, improve the life quality, and maintain the physiological range of motion in the operated spinal motion segment with a low level of adverse outcomes.
Yoga and Healthcare in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mason Heather , Schnackenberg Nicole , Monro Robin
Published: November 2017

The emergence of yoga therapy in the United Kingdom began about 45 years ago with the emergence of yoga therapy organizations that offered both treatment and training. The integration of yoga into the National Health Service (NHS) is gradually happening Because: (a) yoga research supports its efficacy as a cost-effective, preventive and complementary treatment for a host of non-communicable diseases; and (b) the escalating economic burden of long-term conditions is overwhelming the NHS.

The NHS is actively developing ‘sustainability and transformation plans’ that include yoga. Chief among these is ‘social prescribing,’ which empowers patients with complex health needs through activities groups. These activities reduce sedentary habits and social isolation, while helping patients to be more self-reliant. The NHS has allocated £450 million in funding to implement a variety of programs for its own staff, in which staff yoga classes were expressly mentioned. The yoga community is mobilizing forces and applying for funding to pilot relevant NHS staff yoga courses that can support the service in achieving its vision.

Research shows that integrating yoga therapy for the treatment of low back pain (LBP) into the NHS would result in significant cost savings as compared with usual care. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guidelines on LBP and sciatica include yoga as one of the recommended treatments for these conditions. Three groups of yoga teachers, using different yoga practices, have gained traction with the NHS for the application of yoga therapy to LBP. Many regional hospitals in England have yoga classes. The NHS Choices website, which conveys information to the public regarding treatment options, has a page dedicated to the health benefits of yoga. Several institutions offer comprehensive training programs in yoga therapy and yoga therapy is recognized as an official profession.

The Yoga in Healthcare Alliance has been established to help integrate yoga therapy into the NHS. This consists of parliamentarians, leaders in the NHS, yoga researchers, health professionals, and representatives from leading yoga organizations.
Yoga Therapy in Japan
Authors: Kimura Keishin
Published: November 2017

This perspective piece gives an overview of the current situation of yoga therapy in Japan today. Traditional yoga in Japan suffered a serious setback in 1995 with a nerve gas terrorist attack on the Tokyo subway, which was carried out by a cult that recruited members through yoga classes. But with the increase in popularity with modern forms of yoga such as Iyengar yoga, Ashtanga yoga and hot yoga in the West, the general public in Japan today is forgetting its aversion to yoga and considers it to be something that can contribute to good health. In 2012, the Japan Yoga Therapy Society (JYTS) conducted a study on adverse events in yoga classes throughout Japan with the University of Kyushu School of Medicine, with support from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This study indicated that more than half of people attending yoga classes have some form of chronic illness, with 42.3% receiving outpatient care. This survey was the beginning of growing interest from both the government and universities in yoga therapy. JYTS is beginning to make inroads into bringing yoga therapy into cancer and palliative care, senior citizen homes, alcohol and drug addiction rehabilitation, cardiovascular rehabilitation, and research on trauma and schizophrenia. While there are still limited opportunities for yoga therapists to work in mainstream healthcare services, there is growing interest among medical professionals in both physical and mental health. JYTS is beginning to make inroads into bringing yoga therapy into cancer and palliative care, senior citizen homes, alcohol and drug addiction rehabilitation, cardiovascular rehabilitation, and research on trauma and schizophrenia. While there are still limited opportunities for yoga therapists to work in mainstream healthcare services, there is growing interest among medical professionals in both physical and mental health. This perspective piece introduces some of the developments in yoga therapy research and practice in Japan.
Yoga as Sanctuary: A Valuable Mind-Body Intervention for the Lesbian Community
Authors: Myers Karen
Published: November 2017

Poetic autoethnography provides a research methodology to explore yoga as a mind-body intervention that creates sanctuary. Using this qualitative method and retrieving data from my personal journals, daily workout journals, experiences as a lesbian-identified participant in yoga classes, and yoga instructor, I turn the research lens on myself in order to examine my sociological life story. At a critical time in my life when I was struggling with the fragmentation, anxiety, and despair resulting from dealing with homophobia in a heteronormative world, yoga provided sanctuary for me. My yoga practice increased my self-efficacy, providing transferable techniques for finding refuge within myself, irrespective of the adversity I was facing in my life. Places of sanctuary are critical for members of minority groups who often face marginalization and oppression, which compromise their well-being.
Interpretive phenomenological analysis of a lawsuit contending that school-based yoga is religion: A study of school personnel
Authors: Cook-Cottone Catherine , Lemish Erga , Guyker Wendy
Published: November 2017

This study focused on the perspectives of school personnel affiliated with the Encinitas Union School District in California following a lawsuit arguing that their yoga-based program included religion and therefore was unsuitable for implementation in public schools and was unconstitutional. Participants (N = 32) were interviewed using a semistructured interview, and data were analyzed according to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Five super-ordinate themes (including sub-themes) were identified in an iterative process, including: participants' perspectives on the roots of yoga and the type of yoga taught in their district; the process of introducing a yoga-in-the-schools program in light of this contention (including challenges and obstacles, and how these were met); perspectives on the lawsuit and how the process unfolded; effects of the lawsuit on school climate and beyond; and perspectives on yoga as, and as not, religious. The study attempts to shed light on the impact of an ongoing lawsuit on a school district at the time of implementation of a program for students' well being.
Psychological Benefits of Yoga for Female Inmates
Authors: Danielly Yoika , Silverthorne Colin
Published: November 2017

Female inmates involved in the Yoga Prison Project at two correctional facilities in South Carolina served as subjects. Inmates were selected from those who applied to participate in a ten-week trauma-focused yoga program. To create control and experimental groups, inmates who requested to participate were randomly assigned to be in the class (Treatment Group, n = 33) or a waitlist (Control Group, n = 17). Inmates on the waitlist subsequently joined the next class, so all who applied and were eligible participated in a yoga class. Measures of stress, depression, self control, anxiety, self awareness and rumination were used and data was collected from both groups before the initial yoga class began and again at the end, ten weeks later. To assess the changes from pre-intervention to post-intervention, mixed design ANOVA tests were conducted. Inmates in the yoga group reported significant decreases in depression and stress and improved self-awareness. No significant changes were found on measures of anxiety, rumination and self-control in the yoga groups. Although not statistically significant, anxiety scores did decrease and self-control scores improved for the yoga group, while inmates in the control group reported a worsening or no change on these two measures. No changes were found in rumination levels. The results suggest that Yoga is a relatively inexpensive intervention that could benefit both inmates and prison staff by reducing some negative behaviors and possibly mental health problems.
Role of MRI in audio-vestibular dysfunction; is it cost-effective?
Authors: Al-Barki Ali Amer , Hudise Jibril Yahya , Malik Nadeem , Junaid Montasir , Almothahbi Ali
Published: November 2017

Background: Till date, debate still exists among researchers regarding the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in all the cases presenting as asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The objective of the study was to investigate cost-effectiveness of MRI for evaluating patients with audiovestibular symptoms.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out included all adult patients (>12 years) presenting over a 12 month period between November 2014 and October 2015 at Otolaryngology department clinic, Armed Forces Hospital. Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia with asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (sudden or progressive) and have underwent MRI of cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory meati for evaluation of audiovestibular symptoms.  

Results: The study included 52 patients with audiovestibular symptoms. Their mean age (±SD) was 46 (±13.9) years and almost two-thirds of them (65.4%) were males. Majority of them were presented with deafness (84.6%). Vertigo and tinnitus were presented in 38.5% and 53.8% of them, respectively. Over the studied 52 patients, MRI of cerebellopontine angle yielded no detectable lesion in any case.

Conclusions: MRI was not cost-effective, so it is important that clinical and audiometric indications for MRI referral criteria should be reviewed and analyzed to ensure cost-effectiveness of MRI in detecting audiovestibular dysfunctions, particularly in situations with financial restraints and long waiting time.
Características de la saliva en niños con Síndrome de Down
Authors: Pinzón-Te Alicia Leonor , López-Pérez Rubén , Enríquez-Rivera Félix Manuel , Aguilar- Ayala Fernando Javier , Rejón-Peraza María Eduviges , López-Osori José Ladislao
Published: November 2017

ANTECEDENTES: los niños con Síndrome de Down (SD) generalmente tienen características morfogenéticas que los predisponen a patologías bucales; por lo tanto, el análisis de las características de la saliva constituye una herramienta diagnóstica de su estado de salud bucal.OBJETIVOS: a) Comparar los valores promedio de pH salival y tasa de flujo salival (TFS), según género y edad. b) Comparar los tipos de pH salival y TFS, según género y edad. c) Determinar si existe correlación entre el pH salival y la TFS.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: en 100 pacientes con SD (M = 50, F = 50) de 0 a 18 años de edad pertenecientes a instituciones de educación especial de Yucatán. Se midió el pH salival mediante un pHmetro digital portátil ATS® y se determinó la TFS mediante la técnica de pesada de algodón Strongin, Hinsie y Peck.RESULTADOS: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tipos de pH por edad (X2 = 27.333; p <0.001) y en los valores promedio de la TFS por género (t = 2.125; p = 0.036).CONCLUSIÓN: los valores de pH salival y TFS deben ser considerados como indicadores de salud durante la consulta odontológica del paciente con SD.
Toxoplasmosis diseminada fatal post trasplante de médula ósea en una adolescente en remisión de linfoma
Authors: Pérez-García Martín , De Uña-Flores Armando , Cedillo-Peláez Carlos , López-Corella Eduardo
Published: November 2017

Niña de 15 años de edad referida de su Centro de Salud a este Instituto por un cuadro de tres semanas que empezó con cefalea y mareo, edema en párpado superior derecho, diplopia y parálisis de sexto par; se agregó aumento de volumen de ambas mamas y alteración en la marcha con caídas, debilidad y parestesia de extremidad inferior izquierda.
No Return
Authors: Lee Carol M.
Published: November 2017

Poetry
Call for Book Reviewers
Authors: Sitter Kathleen
Published: November 2017

CPI invites potential book reviewers who will prepare one of two types of book reviews:A somewhat, long review between 1000-1200 words.A précis of approximately 500-750 words. Each reviewer will be instructed concerning the type of review expected, and given general CPI book review guidelines. Potential reviewers:  If you wish to write a CPI Book Review, please send an email to CPI.Book.Review@gmail.com with the following letter of interest:Your name and academic affiliation.Your current land address (to which the book will be mailed).Your email address, telephone number &/or skype address.A professional biography which states:  (i) your academic qualifications; (ii) current academic position; (iii) relevant information which includes: current academic &/or professional interests, previous scholarship, recent publications; (iv) reasons for wanting to write a book review.If possible, suggestions regarding, either recently published or, forthcoming books (in Canada and internationally) that you think are suitable and warrant review.
INTERVJU U KVALITATIVNIM PEDAGOŠKIM ISTRAŽIVANJIMA
Authors: Maksimović Aleksandra S. , Macanović Nebojša M.
Published: November 2017

Metodološka i epistemološka pitanja čine konstitutivne elemente svake nauke. Tokom razvoja pedagoške nauke otvarale su se brojne dileme koje se odnose na primenu najadekvatnije metodologije za izučavanje fenomena vaspitanja i obrazovanja. Poslednjih nekoliko decenija posebno se analizira pitanje primene kvalitativnih istraživanja u pedagogiji. U ovom radu ispituje se pitanje primene intervjua u kvalitativnim pedagoškim istraživanjima. Pri tome su navedena terminološka određenja kvalitativnih istraživanja, definicije, kao i vrste intervjua. Posebna pažnja posvećena je ispitivanju prednosti i nedostataka vezanih za primenu intervjua u kvalitativnim pedagoškim istraživanjima, dok je u zaključku ukazano na prednosti triangulacije za obuhvatnije ispitivanje pedagoške problematike.
Magnetic Engine for the Single-Particle Landau Problem
Authors: Peña Francisco J. , González Alejandro , Nunez A.S. , Orellana Pedro A. , Rojas René G. , Vargas P.
Published: November 2017

We study the effect of the degeneracy factor in the energy levels of the well-known Landau problem for a magnetic engine. The scheme of the cycle is composed of two adiabatic processes and two isomagnetic processes driven by a quasi-static modulation of external magnetic field intensity. We derive the analytical expression of the relation between the magnetic field and temperature along the adiabatic process and, in particular, reproduce the expression for the efficiency as a function of the compression ratio.
Impact of Methods on the Measurement of mRNA Turnover
Authors: Wada Takeo , Becskei Attila
Published: November 2017

The turnover of the RNA molecules is determined by the rates of transcription and RNA degradation. Several methods have been developed to study mRNA turnover since the beginnings of molecular biology. Here we summarize the main methods to measure RNA half-life: transcription inhibition, gene control and metabolic labelling. These methods were used to detect the cellular activity of the mRNAs degradation machinery, including the exo-ribonuclease Xrn1 and the exosome. Less progress has been made in the study of the differential stability of mature RNAs because the different methods have often yielded inconsistent results so that an mRNA considered to be stable can be classified as unstable by another method. Recent advances in the systematic comparison of different method variants in yeast have permitted the identification of the least invasive methodologies that reflect half-lives the most faithfully, which is expected to open the way for a consistent quantitative analysis of the determinants of mRNA stability.
Association between Malnutrition and Hospital Mortality and Duration of Intensive Care Unit Admission in the Critically Ill: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lew Charles Chin Han , Wong Gabriel Jun Yung , Cheung Ka Po , Chua Ai Ping , Chong Mary Foong Fong , Miller Michelle
Published: November 2017

There is limited evidence for the association between malnutrition and hospital mortality as well as Intensive Care Unit length-of-stay (ICU-LOS) in critically ill patients. We aimed to examine the aforementioned associations by conducting a prospective cohort study in an ICU of a Singapore tertiary hospital. Between August 2015 and October 2016, all adult patients with ≥24 h of ICU-LOS were included. The 7-point Subjective Global Assessment (7-point SGA) was used to determine patients’ nutritional status within 48 hours of ICU admission. Multivariate analyses were conducted in two ways: 1) presence versus absence of malnutrition, and 2) dose-dependent association for each 1-point decrease in the 7-point SGA. There were 439 patients of which 28.0% were malnourished, and 29.6% died before hospital discharge. Malnutrition was associated with an increased risk of hospital mortality [adjusted-RR 1.39 (95%CI: 1.10–1.76)], and this risk increased with a greater degree of malnutrition [adjusted-RR 1.09 (95%CI: 1.01–1.18) for each 1-point decrease in the 7-point SGA]. No significant association was found between malnutrition and ICU-LOS. Conclusion: There was a clear association between malnutrition and higher hospital mortality in critically ill patients. The association between malnutrition and ICU-LOS could not be replicated and hence requires further evaluation.
DAMPAK TRANSFER FISKAL (CONDITIONAL GRANT) TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN, KEMISKINAN DAN KETIMPANGAN DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS DATA PANEL
Authors: Qomariyah Nor , Suharno Suharno , Priyarsono D. S.
Published: November 2017

Kemiskinan menjadi permasalahan utama bangsa Indonesia, jumlah penduduk miskin sebesar 28.55 juta orang (11. 47%), sementara ketimpangan pendapatan meningkat hingga mencapai 0.41 (BPS, 2013). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) yang berupa conditional grant terhadap pembangunan pertanian, kemiskinan, dan ketimpangan pendapatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan model persamaan simultan dengan data time series tahun 2009-2013 dan data cross section pada 11 provinsi di Indonesia. Metode untuk estimasi parameter menggunakan 2SLS. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan alokasi DAK jalan dan irigasi dapat meningkatkan kinerja fiskal, sektor PDRB pertanian, total PDRB, dan total penyerapan tenaga kerja, tetapi penyerapan tenaga kerja sektor pertanian menurun disebabkan adanya kenaikan upah, menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan dan mengurangi kemiskinan baik di daerah pedesaan maupun perkotaan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa pemerintah pusat hendaknya meningkatkan injeksi dana langsung ke daerah lewat dana alokasi khusus (DAK) bidang infrastruktur karena dampaknya efektif menurunkan kemiskinan.

THE IMPACT OF FISCAL TRANSFER (CONDITIONAL GRANT) ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY AND INEQUALITY : PANEL ANALYSIS DATA

ABSTRACT

Poverty is the main problem in Indonesia, the number of the poor is 28.55 million people (11.47%), while income inequality increased until 0.41 (BPS, 2013). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Special Allocation Fund on agricultural development, poverty, and income inequality. This study uses simultaneous equation models with time series data of 2009-2013 and cross section data of 11 provinces in Indonesia. Method for parameter estimation is 2SLS. The simulation results show that the increased allocation of DAK road and irrigation can increase fiscal performance, the agricultural sector GRDP, total GRDP, but the labour force absorbtion of agricultural decreases because of the increasing of wages, the decreasing of income inequality and the reducing of poverty either in rural or urban areas. This study recomends that the central government should improve the injection of funds directly to the regions through a special allocation fund for rural infrastructure and agriculture because it gives an effective impact on poverty alleviation.

Keywords : Special allocation fund, poverty, income inequality, fiscal transfer.
HARMONISASI KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA DAERAH DI KABUPATEN WONOSOBO DALAM MENJALANKAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Al Arifa Nur Saudah
Published: November 2017

Wonosobo merupakan kabupaten yang mempunyai petensi besar di sektor Pertanian. Lebih dari 50% penduduk Kabupaten Wonosobo berprofesi sebagai petani. Isu tentang pertanian dan kesejahteraan petani selalu menjadi isu sentral ketika memasuki masa pemilihan kepala daerah. Di era otonomi daerah, setiap kepala daerah mempunyai kewenangan dalam menjalankan tata kelola pemerintahan sesuai dengan potensi sumberdaya yang dimiliki. Tulisan ini merupakan suatu kajian analitik berdasarkan literatur yang bertujuan untuk mengupas sejauh mana pengaruh penerapan otonomi daerah di Kabupaten Wonosobo dalam hal kebijakan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan, serta memberi gambaran kelebihan serta kelemahan otonomi daerah dalam tata kelola pemerintahan di sektor pertanian. Adapun hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa saat ini bahwa harmonisasi kepemimpinan dalam hal pengambilan kebijakan kepala daerah di Wonosobo belum berjalan sesuai harapan, ego dan gaya kepemimpinan menjadi alasan mengapa setiap pergantian periode cenderung berganti pula kebijakan yang dijalankan.
Hepatectomy in a patient with Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
Authors: Peltola Laura , Amoako Derek
Published: November 2017

We describe what we believe to be the first reported case of a modified left hepatectomy in a patient with the rare genetic condition, erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Our patient was particularly vulnerable to photosensitivity, burns and liver damage secondary to EPP, further compounded by a complex and prolonged hepatic surgical procedure. Measures were taken to reduce the patient's light exposure, including a single layer of yellow film omitting wavelengths <400nm secured to all theatre lights. Despite the surgery taking more than 8hrs, the patient did not sustain any photosensitivity, burns or motor neuropathies. Blood transfusions were used to reduce the drive for haem synthesis. Ursodeoxycholic acid was continued to increase biliary secretion of protoporphyrin, and hepatotoxic drugs were avoided. Liver function recovered well postoperatively and the patient was discharged home after nine days.
The role of high-yield bonds in strategic asset allocation over the Great Recession
Authors: Menounos Georgios , Alexiou Constantinos , Vogiazas Sofoklis
Published: November 2017

By utilizing a modified version of the Black-Litterman model, the authors explore the asset allocation to high-yield bonds based on an investor’s risk profile. In so doing, the researchers use US data on high-yield bonds and over the period 2007–2013. The key finding relates to the strategic asset allocation to high-yield bonds in a simulated global market portfolio depending on an investor’s risk tolerance. In particular, the share of high-yield bonds does not exceed 4.15% of total assets in a global market portfolio over the period 2007–2013, whilst the allocation remains relatively stable and small on a risk-adjusted basis, irrespective of an investor’s risk profile or the phase of the business cycle. In simple terms, the results suggest that high-yield bonds do not seem to merit a favorable treatment in the asset allocation process relative to other financial instruments in a global market portfolio.
Positivisme dan Strukturalisme: Sebuah Perbandingan Epistemologi dalam Ilmu Sosial
Authors: Prabowo Galeh
Published: November 2017

The emergence of various types in epistemology shows that social sciences has grown dynamically. Several epistemologies which is usually applied by social scientist  such as positivism, historicism, materialism, phenomenology, structuralism, and hermeneutics. Epistemology can be intrepeted as a philosophical view that used in assessing social and cultural phenomena. As a social researcher, we have to be aware for using an epistemology  in order to get results on the right path. In the other hand, most of the epistemologies have the advantages and weakness for understanding social and cultural phenomena. Therefore, this paper aim to explain the comparison between positivism and structuralism. It will be analyzed through some elements in epistemology for instance basic assumption, model and value.
Lahirnya Zaman Bahagia: Transformasi Teologi Pribumi di Tanah Papua
Authors: Suryawan I Ngurah
Published: November 2017

This article discusses oral traditions of indigenous theologies that various communities in Papua believe about their God as life savers. The indigenous theology has historically played an important role in shaping the knowledge of religion, customs, and culture into their life orientations. The indigenous theologies include Ugatamee, Hai and Koreri and their oral traditions experienced transformation in the presence of religion. The tension between indigenous theology and the values of the gospel in Christianity in particular has a serious impact on religious orientation as well as the culture of society. The spread of Christianity, especially the one that touches people's lives, leads to a great transformation of people's trust in God. The great transformation was in the land of Papua, one of which was brought about by the influence of religious education, which subsequently played a major role in the construction of their religious life and experience.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF COMBINED FLOATING-BIOADHESIVE TABLETS OF IMATINIB MESYLATE
Authors: Panigrahy Rabi Narayan , Panda Susanta Kumar , Veerareddy Prabhakar Reddy
Published: November 2017

Objective: Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) pertaining to its attributes like gastric retention time and the extended drug release profile has significantly improved patient compliance. The objective of the present study is to formulate and evaluate a stomach-specific floating-bioadhesive tablet of imatinib mesylate for prolonged residence in the stomach in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).Methods: All the tablets were prepared with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), guar gum, sodium alginate, and carbopol using direct compression technique. Physical characterization, in vitro dissolution, the mucoadhesive force along with data analysis was done on each tablet. Results: The pre-compression characteristics of powder mixtures found to be satisfactory for all formulation batches. The results of physical evaluation for all batches were complying with pharmacopeia specification. The swelling index for all formulation batches was approximately 100% after 8 hours. The bioadhesive force (mean ± SD) reported in a range of 0.05 ± 0.09 to 0.18 ± 0.06 N/m2. It was observed that the release rate of tablets was decreased when the viscosity and concentration of the polymer were increased. Formulation batches IB1, IB2, IB4, IB5, IB6, IB9, IB10, IB11, and IB13 follows Higuchi Matrix model kinetics; whereas IB3, IB7, IB8, and IB12 follows Korsmeyer- Peppas model kinetics.Conclusion: Formulation batch IB9 reported a considerable swelling index, floating behavior, more bioadhesive strength with uniform drug release pattern. Therefore formulation batch IB9 was selected as optimized batch and were kept for further evaluation studies.
MYRICETIN ISOLATED FROM TURBINARIA ORNATA AMELIORATES ROTENONE INDUCED PARKINSONISM IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Dhanraj Vijayraja , Manivasagam Tamilarasan , Karuppaiah Jeyaprakash
Published: November 2017

Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which affects the elderly population. Free radicals overproduction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and abnormalities in mitochondria are critical mediators of the neuronal degeneration. In the present study neuroprotective activity of myricetin, a flavonoid isolated from brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata have been investigated in rotenone induced experimental PD models of Drosophila melanogaster.Methods: Male fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were fed with an effective dose of 0.1% myricetin three hours before to the treatment with 500 µM of Rotenone (LD 50) for seven days and on 8th day through behavioral analysis the neuroprotective effect of myricetin was investigated for motor coordination in fruit flies. Lipid peroxidation was analyzed by estimating the levels of TBARS. Oxidative stress was determined by estimating the activities of enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase along with the level of reduced glutathione. Dopamine level was estimated in HPLC column detected at 280 nm with UV detectors and degree of apoptosis was studied apoptotic marker Bcl-2, Bax, caspases-3 and 9, cytochrome c and β-actin expressions in the whole body homogenate of fruit flies of experimental groups homogenized in 500μL of 0.1 M phosphate buffers (ice cold, pH, 7.4) containing 1 mmol EDTA.Results: Myricetin maintains the positive behavioral patterns against motor impairments due to the rotenone toxicity, it creates a balance in oxidant and antioxidant status, reduces the oxidative stress and inhibits apoptosis to retard neurodegeneration and maintains the dopamine level with a significant (p<0.05) difference compared to the rotenone treated group.Conclusion: The flavonoid myricetin by reducing the oxidative stress, maintaining the enzymatic antioxidants status and by inhibiting apoptosis prevents the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. The dopaminergic neurons prevention reduces the depletion of dopamine and thereby promotes the muscular coordination and psychological well being of fruit flies of experimental group. Further in depth molecular level studies are in need to explore the preventive mechanisms of myricetin in Parkinson’s disease.
VARIATION IN PHENOLICS, FLAVONOIDS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF FRUIT DEVELOPMENT OF POUTERIA CAMPECHIANA (KUNTH) BAEHNI. AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Sunila A. V. , Murugan K.
Published: November 2017

Objective: This work aimed to study the changes in the level of phenols and flavonoids during fruit development and its antioxidant potential Polyphenols at different ontological stages may help producers and food technologists to identify which cultivar and/or maturity stage are most adequate for their need.Methods: Egg fruits were harvested and classified into six developmental stages based on week after pollination (WAP): stage I (4WAP); stage II (8 WAP); stage III (12WAP); stage IV (16WAP); stage V (20 WAP) and stage VI (24 WAP). The total phenolics and flavonoids of egg fruits at different developmental stages were investigated. The antioxidant capacities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts determined by different assays such as FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion, H2O2 scavenging assay. Results: The total phenolic contents varied from 30.35 to 2.26 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/g dry weight (DW), and the total flavonoid contents ranged from 0.683 to 3.37 mg rutin equivalents/g DW. Total phenolics showed an initial increase and subsequently decreased during development. In contrast flavonoids increased from stage I to VI. Antioxidant assays showed varied patterns of inhibition.   Conclusion: Significant correlations were observed between antioxidant capacities with             contents  of total phenols and flavonoids.
STARZ-DRP AS A TRIAGING TOOL FOR COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS: PERSPECTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS OF STAKEHOLDERS
Authors: Nordin Nazri , Hassali Mohamed Azmi Ahmad , Sarriff Azmi
Published: November 2017

Objective:  To investigate perspectives and expectations of stakeholders of community pharmacists’ (CPs) roles and the use of STARZ-DRP as a structured and systematic framework to help CPs to extend their role to make an accurate triage decision in community pharmacy settings.Methods: Individuals who were in high positions in the Ministry of Health (MOH), pharmacy, medical and consumer associations and individuals who were a private medical practitioner and retail pharmacist were invited via mail to participate in the face to face interview. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim to identify themes as many as possible.Results: Eight stakeholders had responded to the invitation. Mean (± standard deviation) age (years) of stakeholders was 56.50 ± 11.82. Five themes were noted which were: (i) CPs are focusing more on business-oriented, (ii) CPs should perform patient-oriented services, (iii) responsibilities to triage customers, (iv) a systematic approach for triaging activities, (v) STARZ-DRP as a systematic approach to making triage decision.Conclusion: CPs are paying particular attention on business-oriented than patient-oriented services. All stakeholders point out that CPs should intensify their current practice and all of them have the same opinion that CPs should take the responsibilities to make an accurate triage decision for self-care customers. Almost all stakeholders agree that STARZ-DRP is an ideal framework to help CPs to make an accurate triage decision in community pharmacy settings.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF MODIFIED CHITOSAN BASED IN SITU GEL FOR OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Kadam Anuja T. , Jadhav Rahul L. , Salunke Pradnya B. , Kadam Satwashila S,
Published: November 2017

Objective: The object of the present study was to formulate and evaluate in-situ gel of modified chitosan by using temperature triggered method to improve bioavailability.Methods: Modified chitosan-based moxifloxacin HCl was prepared by cold method. polaxomer 407 adding in distilled water and this solution kept in the refrigerator. Modified chitosan and moxifloxacin HCl was dissolved separately in distilled water and added to the polymeric solution with continuous stirring until thoroughly mixed. Prepared formulation was evaluated for drug content, gelling capacity, rheological study, in vitro drug release behavior, measurement of phase change temperature, antibacterial study, release kinetics, statistical analysis.Results: The prepared formulations were evaluated for their, drug content, gelation temperature, in vitro drug release studies, rheological study and release kinetics. All batches of in situ formulations had satisfactory pH ranging from 6.2±0.2, drug content between 98.8±0.2 showing uniform distribution of drug. As the concentration of each polymeric component was increased, there was a decrease in phase change temperature. The in vitro drug release decreased with increase in polymeric concentrations. The antibacterial efficiency of the selected formulation against staphylococcus aureus confirmed that designed formulation has prolonged effect and retained its properties against bacterial infection.Conclusion: The prepared in situ gelling formulation had the appropriate combination of polaxomer 407 and modified chitosan were suitable satisfactorily sustained the drug release from moxifloxacin HCl in situ gel. The prepared formulation of moxifloxacin HCl appears to be promising drug delivery for bacterial infectious disease.
HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC EFFECT AND PIGMENTS COMPOSITION OF HERBAL MEDICINE CONTAINING HIGHER AND LOWER PLANTS
Authors: Limantara Leenawaty , Indrawati Renny , Wijaya Dian Ekawati , Sulistiawati Erni , Suparto Irma Herawati , Wijayanti Retno Dumilah Esti , Brotosudarmo Tatas Hardo Panintingjati
Published: November 2017

Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the antihypercholesterolemic activity of herbal medicine which consisted of pigment-rich simplicia from higher and lower plants, as well as to determine its pigments composition.Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five cholesterol-rich diet groups as well as one negative control group with a normal diet, in order to investigate its effect on plasma lipid. The new herbal formulation was administered orally to induced-rats at three dosage levels, whereas simvastatin was used as a comparable generic drug. Pigments composition was determined by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using gradient protocol, monitored with diode array detector at 430 nm.Results: The administration of herbal medicine was able to significantly reduce total plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p<0.05) at a dose of 312.5 mg/kg of body weight/day compared to positive control group, and hence the atherogenic index was also lowered. The chromatographic analysis of pigments determination and quantification are reported correspondingly to support the possible active compounds data of hypocholesterolemic property.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work indicated the potency of pigment-rich lower plants to substitute the obtrusive exploration and dominant use of higher plants for treating dyslipidemia.
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF SANTALUM ALBUM SEEDS EXTRACTS
Authors: Vadnere Gautam P. , Usman Md. Rageeb , Lodhi Santram , Patil Vaishali
Published: November 2017

Objective: Present study aimed phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial screening of petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of Santalum album seeds.Methods: Petroleum ether and ethanol extracts were screened for presence of chemical constituents. Petroleum ether extract was investigated detail by using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. In vitro antimicrobial activity of both extracts were investigated using disc diffusion method on two gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and fungus Candida albicans.Results: Santalbic acid was identified in petroleum ether extract and content determined by HPTLC was 4.7%w/w. It was seen that petroleum ether extract have MIC value for B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and C. albicans were 78.125 µg/ml, 19.331 µg/ml, 625 µg/ml & 39.062 µg/ml respectively while MBC was 39.062 µg/ml, 4.882 µg/ml, 312.5 µg/ml & 9.765 µg/ml,  respectively. Petroleum ether extract showed MIC and MBC values for S. aureus was similar as 156.25µg/ml. So, the petroleum ether extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against both gram positive, gram negative and fungal strain.Conclusions: The results of present investigations were indicative of possible high potency of petroleum ether extract due to santalbic acid which could serve as chemotherapeutic agent.
INJECTABLE CEPHALOSPORINS USEIN VIETNAMESE HOSPITALS:A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: Nhac-vu Hoang-thy , Ngoc-van Tran-thi
Published: November 2017

Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the use of injectable cephalosporins for inpatients at eleven hospitals in An-Giang province, Vietnam.Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted through retrieving the medical inpatient data at eleven hospitals in An-Giang province over the 01-12/2015 period.Results: The sample included 23155 treatment episodes with cephalosporins. Among them, 86% were used only one agent of cephalosporins, mainly cefotaxime. Among cases administrated concurrently different antibiotic classes, combinations of cephalosporins and gentamycin were the majority. All treatment episodes correlated with sixteen indication groups of infection treatment, in which the leading groups were "pneumonia", "gastrointestinal infections" and "cesarean" according to the numbers of treatment episodes and the costs of cephalosporins used. 6.61 billion VND was spent for cephalosporins which accounted for 98% of the total injectable antibiotic cost over the twelve-month period at eleven hospitals in An-Giang.Conclusion: Analysis of injectable cephalosporins consumption, and multicenter approach, has a crucial importance for further survey of antibiotic de-escalation protocol in hospitals in An-Giang.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND ADMET STUDY OF NOVEL FURAN/BENZOFURAN C-2 COUPLED QUINOLINE HYBRIDS
Authors: Rajpurohit Anantacharya , Satyanarayan Nayak D. , Patil Sameer , Mahadevan Kittappa M. , J. Adarsha H.
Published: November 2017

Objectives: Synthesis of novel 2-(benzofuran-2-yl) and 2-(furan-2-yl) quinoline-4- carboxylates and their [2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl) quinolin-4-yl] methanol, [2-(1-furan-2-yl) quinolin-4-yl] methanol and its derivatives for antioxidant, antimicrobial and ADMET study.Methods: Synthesis was carried with conventional method and the structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis. The antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH and H2O2 radical scavenging method. Antimicrobial investigation was established by cup plate and food poison technique. The in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) study of the drug was carried out in ACD/lab-2.Results: The antioxidant activity results revealed that, compounds 4b-c, 5a-b, 10c and 10f exhibited good DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. The antibacterial results revealed that, compounds 4c, 5a-b, 10b, 10d and 10f exhibited good activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhimurium. Further, the antifungal activity results showed that, compounds 4c, 5c and 10c-e were showing good activity against Aspergillus flavus and Candida neoformans.  The mean value of P<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The ADMET results revealed that compounds emerged as a potential candidate for antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.Conclusion: The study reveals that compounds containing furan/benzofuran coupled heterocycles are play the important role for activity as they possess potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. The in silico ADME analysis also suggesting the compounds were in acceptable range to obey the pharmacokinetic parameters.