bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Dynamic Complexity on Drivers’ Secondary Task Scanning Behavior under a Car-Following Scenario
Authors: Wang Linhong , Li Hongtao , Guo Mengzhu , Chen Yixin
Published: February 2022

The user interface of vehicle interaction systems has become increasingly complex in recent years, which makes these devices important factors that contribute to accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of dynamic complexity on the carrying capacity of secondary tasks under different traffic scenarios. First, we selected vehicle speed and vehicle spacing as influencing factors in carrying out secondary tasks. Then, the average single scanning time, total scanning time, and scanning times were selected as evaluation criteria, based on the theories of cognitive psychology. Lastly, we used a driving simulator to conduct an experiment under a car-following scenario and collect data on scanning behavior by an eye tracker, to evaluate the performance of the secondary task. The results show that the relationship between the total scanning time, scanning times, and the vehicle speed can be expressed by an exponential model, the relationship between the above two indicators and the vehicle spacing can be expressed by a logarithmic model, and the relationship with the total number of icons can be expressed by a linear model. Combined with the above relationships and the evaluation criteria for driving secondary tasks, the maximum number of icons at different vehicle speeds and vehicle spacings can be calculated to reduce the likelihood of accidents caused by attention overload.
The Effect of Core Stabilization Exercise with the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver Technique on Stature Change during Prolonged Sitting in Sedentary Workers with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Saiklang Pongsatorn , Puntumetakul Rungthip , Chatprem Thiwaphon
Published: February 2022

To enhance stature recovery, lumbar spine stabilization by stimulating the deep trunk muscle activation for compensation forces originating from the upper body was introduced. The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) technique has been found mainly to activate deep trunk muscles. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether 5 weeks of training of deep trunk muscles using the ADIM technique could improve stature recovery, delay trunk muscle fatigue, and decrease pain intensity during prolonged sitting. Thirty participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP) conducted a core stabilization exercise (CSE) with the ADIM technique for 5 weeks. Participants were required to sit for 41 min before and after the exercise intervention. Stature change was measured using a seated stadiometer with a resolution of ±0.006 mm. During sitting, the stature change, pain intensity, and trunk muscle fatigue were recorded. A comparison between measurements at baseline and after 5 weeks of training demonstrated: (i) stature recovery and pain intensity significantly improved throughout the 41 min sitting condition; (ii) the bilaterally trunk muscle showed significantly decreased fatigue. The CSE with the ADIM technique was shown to provide a protective effect on detrimental reductions in stature change and trunk muscle fatigue during prolonged sitting in young participants under controlled conditions in a laboratory. This information may help to prevent the risk of LBP from prolonged sitting activities in real life situations.
Thermal Kinetics of Monocationic and Dicationic Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ab Rahim Asyraf Hanim , Abd Ghani Noraini , Hasanudin Noorhafizah , Yunus Normawati M. , Azman Ninna Sakina
Published: February 2022

This work presents an in-depth kinetic thermal degradation comparison between traditional monocationic and the newly developed dicationic ionic liquid (IL), both coupled with a bromide (Br−) anion by using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. Thermal analyses of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide [C4MPyr][Br] and 1,4-bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)butane dibromide [BisC4MPyr][Br2] were conducted at a temperature range of 50–650 °C and subjected to various heating rates, which are 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 °C/min. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that dicationic IL, [BisC4MPyr][Br2] is less thermally stable compared to monocationic [C4MPyr][Br]. A detailed analysis of kinetic parameters, which are the activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (log A), was calculated by using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Starink. This study revealed that the average Ea and log A of [BisC4MPyr][Br2] are lower than [C4MPyr][Br], which may be contributed to by its low thermal stability. Conclusively, it proved that the Ea and log A of ILs are strongly related to the thermal stability of ILs.
Mechanical, Thermal, and Fire Properties of Composite Materials Based on Gypsum and PCM
Authors: Stejskalová Kateřina , Bujdoš David , Procházka Lukáš , Smetana Bedřich , Zlá Simona , Teslík Jiří
Published: February 2022

One of the solutions for overheating the interior in the summer without increasing energy consumption is the integration of phase change material (PCM) into interior plasters. However, adding PCM to plasters deteriorates their properties and thus their usability. The aim of this paper is to determine how the microencapsulated PCM affects the mechanical, thermal, and fire properties of plasters and how much PCM can be added to the plaster. Two sets of samples were prepared: in set S, part of the aggregate was replaced by PCM; and in set R, only PCM was added. The bulk density, flexural strength, compressive strength, tensile strength perpendicular to the surface, thermal conductivity coefficient, specific heat capacity, melting, and solidification temperatures and enthalpy were measured. A single-flame source fire test and a gross heat of combustion fire test were performed to determine the reaction to the fire class. The results show that with an increasing proportion of PCM, the strength of the samples of set R decreased more significantly than it did with the samples of set S. It was found that only up to about 10% PCM could be added to set R, while up to 30% PCM could be added to set S.
Microwave and Terahertz Properties of Spark-Plasma-Sintered Zr0.8Sn0.2TiO4 Ceramics
Authors: Nedelcu Liviu , Burdusel Mihail , Grigoroscuta Mihai Alexandru , Geambasu Cezar Dragos , Enculescu Monica , Badica Petre , Banciu Marian Gabriel
Published: February 2022

Zr0.8Sn0.2TiO3 (ZST) powders synthesized by solid-state reaction were subject to processing by spark plasma sintering (SPS). A single-phase ceramic with a high relative density of 95.7% and 99.6% was obtained for sintering temperatures of 1150 °C and 1200 °C, respectively, and for a dwell time of 3 min. In order to reduce the oxygen vacancies, as-sintered discs were annealed in air at 1000 °C. The dielectric loss of the annealed samples, expressed by the Q × f product, measured in the microwave (MW) domain, varied between 35 THz and 50 THz. The intrinsic losses (Q × f ~ 60 THz) were derived by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS).
Experimental Investigation of Synchronous Grouting Material Prepared with Different Mineral Admixtures
Authors: Li Jian-Fen , Liu Yuan-Tao , Li Shu-Jin , Song Yang
Published: February 2022

Waste sediment generated during tunnel construction is applied to prepare synchronous grouting material, where the influences of fly ash, slag powder, and bentonite on the rheological properties (such as consistency, fluidity, setting time, drainage rate, and stone rate) are studied. The results show that adding fly ash content increases the initial consistency, setting time, and fluidity of grouting material, but also increases its drainage rate and decreases its stone rate. The addition of slag powder results in a slight increase in the setting time and fluidity of the grouting material, yet a decrease in the initial consistency value. In contrast, with the addition of bentonite, both the initial consistency and fluidity of the grouting material decrease. Finally, the optimal mix ratio of high-performance and low-cost grouting materials is fixed to be 30% fly ash, 50% slag powder, and 10% bentonite. Therefore, the fluidity of grouting material can be 170 mm, with an initial consistency of 122 mm, setting time of 1050 min, stone rate of 96.2%, drainage rate of 1.5%, and 28-day compressive strength of 8.3 MPa.
Specifications for Modelling of the Phenomenon of Compression of Closed-Cell Aluminium Foams with Neural Networks
Authors: Stręk Anna M. , Dudzik Marek , Machniewicz Tomasz
Published: February 2022

The article presents a novel application of the most up-to-date computational approach, i.e., artificial intelligence, to the problem of the compression of closed-cell aluminium. The objective of the research was to investigate whether the phenomenon can be described by neural networks and to determine the details of the network architecture so that the assumed criteria of accuracy, ability to prognose and repeatability would be complied. The methodology consisted of the following stages: experimental compression of foam specimens, choice of machine learning parameters, implementation of an algorithm for building different structures of artificial neural networks (ANNs), a two-step verification of the quality of built models and finally the choice of the most appropriate ones. The studied ANNs were two-layer feedforward networks with varying neuron numbers in the hidden layer. The following measures of evaluation were assumed: mean square error (MSE), sum of absolute errors (SAE) and mean absolute relative error (MARE). Obtained results show that networks trained with the assumed learning parameters which had 4 to 11 neurons in the hidden layer were appropriate for modelling and prognosing the compression of closed-cell aluminium in the assumed domains; however, they fulfilled accuracy and repeatability conditions differently. The network with six neurons in the hidden layer provided the best accuracy of prognosis at MARE≤2.7% but little robustness. On the other hand, the structure with a complexity of 11 neurons gave a similar high-quality of prognosis at MARE≤3.0% but with a much better robustness indication (80%). The results also allowed the determination of the minimum threshold of the accuracy of prognosis: MARE≥1.66%. In conclusion, the research shows that the phenomenon of the compression of aluminium foam is able to be described by neural networks within the frames of made assumptions and allowed for the determination of detailed specifications of structure and learning parameters for building models with good-quality accuracy and robustness.
Effectiveness of Two Different Fluoride-Based Agents in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Qeli Etleva , Toti Çeljana , Odorici Alessandra , Blasi Elisabetta , Tragaj Emiljano , Tepedino Michele , Masedu Francesco , Kaçani Gerta , Hysi Dorjan , Meto Agron , Fiorillo Luca , Meto Aida
Published: February 2022

Hyperesthesia is related to increased sensitivity of dental tissues to mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli. The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of a calcium-fluoride-forming agent (Tiefenfluorid®, Humanchemie GmbH, Alfeld, Germany) with that of a fluoride varnish (EnamelastTM, Ultradent Inc., Cologne, Germany) in the treatment of dental hyperesthesia in adult patients. In total, 176 individuals (106 females and 70 males, aged 18–59 years old) diagnosed with dental hyperesthesia (DH) were enrolled. The main clinical symptoms were hyperesthesia from coldness and sweetness during chewing; the types of clinical lesions were also determined and recorded. The patients were selected randomly and divided into two groups: (i) the first group of 96 patients was treated with Tiefenfluorid® applied in three appointments at 7-day intervals; (ii) the second group of 80 patients was treated with EnamelastTM, applied seven times at 7-day intervals. All the patients were recalled 7 days, 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months from the last application. At the baseline and during every follow-up visit, the DH was measured with a pulp tester. A random intercept/random slope model was used to evaluate the effect of the treatment, at various times with respect to the initial diagnosis. Within the limits of the present study, Tiefenfluorid® was more effective than EnamelastTM against DH in that it provided long-lasting results, with a significant improvement still detected at the latest 6-month follow-up.
Numerical Simulation of Tube Manufacturing Consisting of Roll Forming and High-Frequency Induction Welding
Authors: Egger Christian , Lüchinger Marco , Schreiner Michael , Tillmann Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a fully coupled three-dimensional finite element model for the simulation of a tube manufacturing process consisting of roll forming and high-frequency induction welding. The multiphysics model is based on the dual mesh method. Thus, the electromagnetic field, the temperature field, the elasto-plastic deformation of the weld bead, and the phase transformations within the material can be simulated for a moving tube without remeshing. A comparison with measurements shows that the geometry of the welded tube and the weld bead, the force on the squeeze rolls, the temperature along the band edges, and the hardness distribution within the heat-affected zone can be simulated realistically.
A Micromechanical Transmitter with Only One BAW Magneto-Electric Antenna
Authors: Chen Si , Li Junru , Gao Yang , Li Jianbo , Dong Hongmei , Gu Zhijun , Ren Wanchun
Published: February 2022

Implantable medical devices have been facing the severe challenge of wireless communication for a long time. Acoustically actuated magnetoelectric (ME) transducer antennas have attracted lots of attention due to their miniaturization, high radiation efficiency and easy integration. Here, we fully demonstrate the possibility of using only one bulk acoustic wave (BAW) actuated ME transducer antenna (BAW ME antenna) for communication by describing the correspondence between the BAW ME antenna and components of the traditional transmitter in detail. Specifically, we first demonstrate that the signal could be modulated by applying a direct current (DC) magnetic bias and exciting different resonance modes of the BAW ME antenna with frequencies ranging from medium frequency (MF) (1.5 MHz) to medium frequency (UHF) (2 GHz). Then, two methods of adjusting the radiation power of the BAW ME antenna are proposed to realize signal amplification, including increasing the input voltage and using higher order resonance. Finally, a method based on electromagnetic (EM) perturbation is presented to simulate the transmission process of the BAW ME antenna via the finite element analysis (FEA) model. The simulation results match the radiation pattern of magnetic dipoles perfectly, which verifies both the model and our purpose.
The Biological Fate of Pharmaceutical Excipient β-Cyclodextrin: Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Excretion, and Metabolism of β-Cyclodextrin in Rats
Authors: Mu Kunqian , Jiang Kaiwen , Wang Yue , Zhao Zihan , Cang Song , Bi Kaishun , Li Qing , Liu Ran
Published: February 2022

β-cyclodextrin has a unique annular hollow ultrastructure that allows encapsulation of various poorly water-soluble drugs in the resulting cavity, thereby increasing drug stability. As a bioactive molecule, the metabolism of β-cyclodextrin is mainly completed by the flora in the colon, which can interact with API. In this study, understanding the in vivo fate of β-cyclodextrin, a LC-MS/MS method was developed to facilitate simultaneous quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical excipient β-cyclodextrin and API dextromethorphan hydrobromide. The established method had been effectively used to study the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of β-cyclodextrin after oral administration in rats. Results showed that β-cyclodextrin was almost wholly removed from rat plasma within 36 h, and high concentrations of β-cyclodextrin distributed hastily to organs with increased blood flow velocities such as the spleen, liver, and kidney after administration. The excretion of intact β-cyclodextrin to urine and feces was lower than the administration dose. It can be speculated that β-cyclodextrin metabolized to maltodextrin, which was further metabolized, absorbed, and eventually discharged in the form of CO2 and H2O. Results proved that β-cyclodextrin, with relative low accumulation in the body, had good safety. The results will assist further study of the design and safety evaluation of adjuvant β-cyclodextrin and promote its clinical development.
Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods Is Associated with Free Sugars Intake in the Canadian Population
Authors: Hamel Virginie , Nardocci Milena , Flexner Nadia , Bernstein Jodi , L’Abbé Marie R. , Moubarac Jean-Claude
Published: February 2022

Excess sugar consumption can lead to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as type 2 diabetes. Increasingly, ultra-processed foods (UPF) are suspected to be great contributors to free sugars intake in the population’s diet. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between UPF consumption and free sugars intake in the Canadian population. We used data from one 24 h-recall of the nationally representative 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey–Nutrition (CCHS). Food items were classified according to the NOVA system, and to estimate free sugars intake, we used the University of Toronto’s Food Label Information Program (FLIP) 2017 database. Results: Almost half of the population’s energy intake (45.7%) came from UPF. On average, 221.5 kcal/day came from free sugars, and most of these calories (71.5%) came from UPF. Public health policies aiming to decrease consumption of UPF should be a priority considering their important contribution to sugar intake in the population.
Thermally Enhanced Bioremediation of NAPL Polluted Soil-Water Resources
Authors: Yadav Brijesh Kumar , Gupta Pankaj Kumar
Published: February 2022

The use of conventional techniques for physico-chemical remediation of hydrocarbon such non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL)-polluted sites may disturb the natural biotic settings of the (sub)-surface. However, natural attenuation has been reported very slow and sometime results as incomplete removal under prevailing site conditions. In particular, microbial growth is quite slow in cold regions, which reduces the applicability of bioremediation in treating NAPL-polluted soil-water. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the thermally enhanced bioremediation techniques to treat NAPL-polluted soil-water using practical experiments. A one-dimensional large column setup was designed and fabricated for this purpose. The column was integrated with automatic temperature controlling baths to maintain different soil-water temperatures (4 °C, 20 °C, 28 °C, and 36 °C), which was circulated through the porous media filled in the column setup. Results show a high dissolution rate of toluene, the selected light NAPL, at an elevated temperature of 28–36 °C. The biodegradation rates of the NAPL were found to be 0.002 mg L/h, 0.008 mg L/h, 0.012 mg L/h, and 0.015 mg L/h at soil-water temperature levels of 4 °C, 20 °C, 28 °C, and 36 °C, respectively. It was found that at high soil-water temperature (28 °C and 36 °C), a significant increment in microbial actions accelerates the biodegradation rate of NAPL in the subsurface system. The outcomes of this study may help in treating NAPL-polluted sites using solar or geo-thermal based heating systems for thermally enhanced bioremediation.
Stereocomplexation Reinforced High Strength Poly(L-lactide)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composites for Potential Bone Repair Applications
Authors: Guo Naishun , Zhao Mengen , Li Sijing , Hao Jiahui , Wu Zhaoying , Zhang Chao
Published: February 2022

Composite materials composed of polylactide (PLA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) have been recognized as excellent candidate material in bone repai The difference in hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and poor interfacial compatibility between n-HA filler and PLA matrix leads to non-uniform dispersion of n-HA in PLA matrix and consequent poor reinforcement effect. In this study, an HA/PLA nanocomposite was designed based on the surface modification of n-HA with poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), which not only can improve the dispersion of n-HA in the poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) matrix but also could form a stereocomplex crystal with the matrix PLLA at the interface and ultimately lead to greatly enhanced mechanical performance The n-HA/PLA composites were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, thermal gravity analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and a mechanical test; in vitro cytotoxicity of the composite material as well as its efficacy in inducing osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (rMSCs) were also evaluated. Compared with those of neat PLLA, the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, interfacial shear strength, elongation at break and crystallinity of the composites increased by 34%, 53%, 26%, 70%, and 17%, respectively. The adhesion and proliferation as well as the osteogenic differentiation of rMSCs on HA/PLA composites were clearly evidenced. Therefore, the HA/PLA composites have great potential for bone repai.
Change in Micro-Morphology and Micro-Mechanical Properties of Thermally Modified Moso Bamboo
Authors: Yuan Tiancheng , Huang Yaqian , Zhang Tao , Wang Xinzhou , Li Yanjun
Published: February 2022

In recent years, saturated steam heat treatment has been considered as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective modification method compared with traditional heat treatment media. In this study, bamboo was treated by saturated steam, and the change in chemical composition, cellulose crystallinity index, micro-morphology, and micromechanical properties were analyzed by a wet chemistry method, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanoindentation, and so on. Results illustrated that the parenchyma cell walls were distorted due to the decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose in bamboo samples. As expected, the hemicellulose and cellulose content decreased, whereas the lignin content increased significantly. In addition, the cellulose crystallinity index and thus the micromechanical properties of bamboo cell walls increased. For example, the hardness increased from 0.69 GPa to 0.84 GPa owing to the enhanced crystallinity index and lignin content.
pH-Induced 3D Printable Chitosan Hydrogels for Soft Actuation
Authors: Maiz-Fernández Sheila , Pérez-Álvarez Leyre , Silván Unai , Vilas-Vilela José Luis , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu
Published: February 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) printing represents a suitable technology for the development of biomimetic scaffolds for biomedical and tissue engineering applications. However, hydrogel-based inks’ printability remains a challenge due to their restricted print accuracy, mechanical properties, swelling or even cytotoxicity. Chitosan is a natural-derived polysaccharide that has arisen as a promising bioink due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, sustainability and antibacterial properties, among others, as well as its ability to form hydrogels under the influence of a wide variety of mechanisms (thermal, ionic, pH, covalent, etc.). Its poor solubility at physiological pH, which has traditionally restricted its use, represents, on the contrary, the simplest way to induce chitosan gelation. Accordingly, herein a NaOH strong base was employed as gelling media for the direct 3D printing of chitosan structures. The obtained hydrogels were characterized in terms of morphology, chemical interactions, swelling and mechanical and rheological properties in order to evaluate the influence of the gelling solution’s ionic strength on the hydrogel characteristics. Further, the influence of printing parameters, such as extrusion speed (300, 600 and 800 mm/min) and pressure (20–35 kPa) and the cytocompatibility were also analyzed. In addition, printed gels show an electro-induced motion due to their polycationic nature, which highlights their potential as soft actuators and active scaffolds.
The Impact of the Neophyte Tree Fraxinus pennsylvanica [Marshall] on Beetle Diversity under Climate Change
Authors: Floren Andreas , Horchler Peter J. , Müller Tobias
Published: February 2022

We studied the impact of the neophyte tree Fraxinus pennsylvanica on the diversity of beetles in floodplain forests along the river Elbe in Germany in 2016, 2017 and in 2020, where 80% of all Fraxinus excelsior trees had died following severe droughts. Beetles were collected by insecticidal knock-down from 121 trees (64 F. excelsior and 57 F. pennsylvanica) and identified to 547 species in 15,214 specimens. The trees sampled in 2016 and 2017 showed no signs of drought stress or ash dieback and serve as a reference for the comparison with the 2020 fauna. The data proved that F. excelsior harbours the most diverse beetle community, which differed also significantly in guild composition from F. pennsylvanica. Triggered by extremely dry and long summer seasons, the 2020 ash dieback had profound and forest-wide impacts. Several endangered, red-listed beetle species of Saxonia Anhalt had increased in numbers and became secondary pests on F. excelsior. Diversity decreased whilst numbers of xylobionts increased on all trees, reaching 78% on F. excelsior. Proportions of xylobionts remained constant on F. pennsylvanica. Phytophages were almost absent from all trees, but mycetophages increased on F. pennsylvanica. Our data suggest that as a result of the dieback of F. excelsior the neophyte F. pennsylvanica might become a rescue species for the European Ash fauna, as it provides the second-best habitat. We show how difficult it is to assess the dynamics and the ecological impact of neophytes, especially under conditions similar to those projected by climate change models. The diversity and abundance of canopy arthropods demonstrates their importance in understanding forest functions and maintenance of ecosystem services, illustrating that their consideration is essential for forest adaptation to climate change.
Can the WiMAX IEEE 802.16 Standard Be Used to Resolve Last-Mile Connectivity Issues in Botswana?
Authors: Mokeresete Malebogo , Esiefarienrhe Bukohwo Michael
Published: February 2022

Some of the advantages of using Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology at the last-mile level as an access technology include an extensive range of 50 km Line of Sight (LOS), 5 to 15 km Non-Line of Sight, and fewer infrastructure installations compared to other wireless broadband access technologies. Despite positive investments in ICT fiber infrastructure by developing countries, including Botswana, servicing end-users is subjected to high prices and service disparities. The alternative, the Wi-Fi hotspot initiative by the Botswana government, falls short as a solution for last-mile connectivity and access. This study used OPNET simulation Modeler 14.5 to investigate whether Botswana’s national broadband project could adopt WiMAX IEEE 802.16e as an access technology. Therefore, using the experimental method, the simulation evaluated the WiMAX IEEE 802.16e/m over three subscriber locations in Botswana. The results obtained indicate that the deployment of the WiMAX IEEE 802.16e standard can solve most of the deployment issues and access at the last-mile level. Although the findings suggest that WiMAX IEEE 802.16e is more suitable for high-density areas, it could also solve rural areas’ infrastructure development challenges and provide the required high-speed connectivity access. However, unlike the Wi-Fi initiative, which requires more infrastructure deployment and relies less on institutional and regulatory frameworks, the deployment of WiMAX IEEE 802.16e necessitates institutional and regulatory standards.
Crystal Structures of Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtypes A4 and A5 Cell Binding Domains in Complex with Receptor Ganglioside
Authors: Gregory Kyle S. , Mojanaga Otsile O. , Liu Sai Man , Acharya K. Ravi
Published: February 2022

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) cause the potentially fatal neuroparalytic disease botulism that arises due to proteolysis of a SNARE protein. Each BoNT is comprised of three domains: a cell binding domain (HC), a translocation domain (HN), and a catalytic (Zn2+ endopeptidase) domain (LC). The HC is responsible for neuronal specificity by targeting both a protein and ganglioside receptor at the neuromuscular junction. Although highly toxic, some BoNTs are commercially available as therapeutics for the treatment of a range of neuromuscular conditions. Here we present the crystal structures of two BoNT cell binding domains, HC/A4 and HC/A5, in a complex with the oligosaccharide of ganglioside, GD1a and GM1b, respectively. These structures, along with a detailed comparison with the previously reported apo-structures, reveal the conformational changes that occur upon ganglioside binding and the interactions involved.
HSCT with Mismatched Unrelated Donors (MMUD): A Comparison of Different Platforms for GvHD Prophylaxis
Authors: Berger Massimo , Barone Marta , Carnevale-Schianca Fabrizio , De Gobbi Marco , Nicoli Paolo , Caravelli Daniela , Cilloni Daniela , Paruzzo Luca , Spadea Manuela , Mareschi Katia , Aglietta Massimo , Fagioli Franca
Published: February 2022

HSCT from an unrelated HLA-mismatched donor (MMUD) is one of the alternatives where an HLA-matched donor is not found. The aim of this study was to compare GvHD prophylaxis with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) vs. post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy). Thirty-nine adult patients were uniformly treated with rabbit ATG-Cy-A-MTX and peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) and 40 adult patients with PT-Cy-MMF-tacrolimus and PBSC. This retrospective study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04598789. Three-year overall survival was 42% vs. 64% for ATG and PT-Cy (p < 0.0005), three-year treatment-related mortality (TRM) was 36% vs. 8% (p = 0.0033) and the three-year relapse incidence (RI) was 15% vs. 28% (p = NS), respectively. The incidences of day-100 GvHD graded II–IV and III–IV were 39% vs. 7% (p = 0.0006) and 11% vs. 0% (p = 0.04), respectively, whereas the three-year cGvHD incidences were 48% vs. 13% (p = 0.0005), respectively. We were able to show how PT-Cy can reduce the incidence of GvHDs and TRM in adults, but relapse remains an issue.
Facile Synthesis of MOFs-Templated Carbon Aerogels with Enhanced Tetracycline Adsorption Performance
Authors: Kong Yan , Han Kun , Zhuang Yuan , Shi Baoyou
Published: February 2022

Three-dimensional aerogels have great potential for antibiotic removal from aqueous solution due to their excellent solution mass transfer channels and special morphology. Herein, the metal ions were bound with alginate to form alginate-Fe, alginate-Cu, and alginate-Fe-Cu hydrogels, then they were used as nucleation sites for metal organic framework (MOF) growth to obtain MAlgs gels, respectively. Considering the aqueous environmental stability of MOFs particles, the alginate and MOF particles in MAlgs aerogels were pyrolyzed as templates to obtain the derived carbon aerogel CMAlgs. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of MAlgs-Fe-Cu aerogel was higher than that of MAlg-Cu and MAlg-Fe aerogels, up to ~130 mg·g−1. The adsorption performance of carbon aerogel CMAlg-Cu decreased obviously because of the decrease of pore size and oxygen-containing functional groups. The adsorption process is a combination of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. In addition, CMAlgs aerogels exhibit better recyclability than MAlgs aerogels. This work provides a new strategy for fabricating MOFs-templated in-situ grown carbon aerogels for water purification.
Analysis of factors influencing the eating behavior of young people
Authors:   Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the FBSI «FSC Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies», Dolich Vladimir Nikolaevich , Komleva Nataliya Evgen’evna ,   aratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the FBSI «FSC Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies», Zaikina Inna Viktorovna ,   Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the FBSI «FSC Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies», Mazilov Svyatoslav Igorevich ,   Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the FBSI «FSC Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies», Raikova Svetlana Vladimirovna ,   Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the FBSI «FSC Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies», Ivanov Dmitrij Evgen’evich ,   Saratov State Law Academy, Kolokolov Georgij Ryurikovich ,   Saratov State Law Academy
Published: February 2022

The article presents the result of the analysis of factors that presumably affect the eating behavior of young people. The study involved 197 students of the Saratov State Law Academy of 1–2 courses of study. The study of the eating behavior of young people was carried out using an adapted questionnaire, which includes questions about the nature of the diet, the mode and frequency of food intake, the frequency of consumption of foods saturated with fiber, as well as junk food (sweets, fast food, sweet carbonated drinks, instant products, semi-finished products). The following factors were selected as factors presumably capable of influencing the eating behavior of the study participants: satisfaction of study participants with their own weight; the level of material well-being of young people; regular exercise; the frequency of psycho-emotional stress; awareness of students about the rules of eating behavior; intrafamily microclimate; subjective assessment of the eating behavior of the parents of the study participants. The data obtained indicate a high prevalence of eating disorders among young people, as evidenced by the frequency of eating disorders, insufficient frequency of food intake (less than 3 times a day), the frequency of eating unhealthy foods, rare consumption of foods saturated with fiber. The established correlations may indicate a positive influence on the eating behavior of such factors as a high level of material well-being, sports, adherence to the correct eating behavior of the parents of the study participants. At the same time, a high frequency of psychoemotional stress, as well as frequent intra-family conflicts, can have a negative impact. Thus, the results obtained indicate the need for an integrated approach in solving the problem associated with the high prevalence of eating disorders among young people, which is based on various factors.
Relayout Gudang Produk Jadi PT.Jaya Beton Indonesia Menggunakan Metode SLP Dan CORELAP
Authors: Selamat Selamat , Prima Wahyu , Christine Anita Christine
Published: February 2022

PT. Jaya Beton Indonesia merupakansuatuperusahaanindustri di bidanginfrastruktur, yaitumenghasilkanprodukbeton. Perusahaan inimemilikitipeproduksi make to order, dimanaproduksiakandilakukanhanyajikaadapesananolehkonsumen yang berartipemesananakandilakukansebelumprodukdigunakan. Bersumberpadapenelitian yang sudahdilaksanakan, adapunpermasalahan  yangditemukanadalahbeberapaletakdepartemen yang kurangsesuai. Letakprodukjadi yang tidaktersusundenganbaikmengakibatkanpemborosanwaktudanbiaya material handling yang tinggi. Tujuandaripenelitianiniadalahmerancangulangtataletakgudangprodukjadi demi meminimalisasbiaya material handling. Metode yang digunakanadalahSLP (Systematic Layout Planning) danalgoritmaCORELAP.Metode SLP mendapatkanpenurunanpersentasejarakdanbiaya yang lebihtinggisehinggamerupakanusulan layout terbaik.
Аналіз методів підвищення рівня захисту бронетанкової техніки від ураження з верхньої напівсфери
Authors: Глєбов Василій Васильович , Чепков Ігор Борисович , Кучинський Андрій Володимирович , Кучинська Катерина Андріївна
Published: February 2022

В останні роки відбувається різке збільшення кількості, номенклатури і ефективності протитанкових засобів, які уражають бронетанкову техніку з верхньої напівсфери. Тому проблема забезпечення захисту є ключовою для всіх типів та зразків бронетанкової техніки. В статті розглянуто характерні властивості боєприпасів, які атакують бронетанкову техніку з верхньоїнапівсфери та основні етапи їх застосування. Проведена оцінка можливостей існуючих методів і засобів по забезпеченню захисту об’єктів бронетанкової техніки від ураження з верхньої напівсфери і визначені напрямки їх розвитку.
Узагальнена математична модель виконання вогневих задач екіпажем танка
Authors: Хаустов Дмитро Євгенович , Бурашніков Олег Олександрович , Хаустов Ярослав Євгенович , Настишин Юрій Адамович
Published: February 2022

В статті представлено математичну модель виконання вогневих задач екіпажем танка, яка включає наступну послідовність станів: вихідний стан зразка бронетанкового озброєння в районі зосередження, марш із місця зосередження до  передбаченого місця бою, початок спостереження, виявлення, розпізнавання та ідентифікація противника, бойове застосування зразка бронетанкового озброєння, ураження/неураження ворожої цілі, які утворюють ланцюг Маркова.Граничний розподіл ймовірностей, отриманий як розв’язок рівняння на власні значення та власні вектори, дає ймовірність виконання вогневої задачі екіпажем танка, як функцію ймовірностей переходів між відповідними станами.
Barrett’s Esophagus: Current State of the Problem and Experience of Treatment
Authors: Маевская Т.В. , Яновский С.А. , Слободин Ю.В.
Published: February 2022

Современные подходы к диагностике, лечению и наблюдению пациентов с пищеводом Барретта (ПБ), определение понятия ПБ отличаются в разных странах. Это связано с различием в национальных руководствах и рекомендациях. На основании доступной медицинской литературы (в первую очередь гайдлайнов Европейского общества эндоскопии желудочно-кишечного тракта (ESGE), отчета Американской ассоциации гастроэнтерологов (AGA) инациональных клинических протоколов Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации) произведена попытка унификации данных, изложены вопросы этиологии и патогенеза, симптоматики, диагностики и лечения ПБ. Приведен клинический опыт Республиканского клинического медицинского центра (РКМЦ) в наблюдении и эндоскопическом лечении пациентов с ПБ.

Modern approaches to the diagnostics, treatment and follow-up of patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) differ in different countries. This is caused by the difference of national guidelines and recommendations. On the base of available medical literature (first of all, the European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline, report of the American Association of Gastroenterologists (AGA), and the national clinical protocols of the Republic of Belarus (RB) and the Russian Federation (RF)), there was made an attempt to unify the data. The article presents the issues of etiology and pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnostics and treatment of BE. The clinical experience of the Republican Clinical Medical Center (RCMC) in the observation and endoscopic treatment of patients with BE is presented.
Endovascular Methods of Bleeding Management
Authors: Бут-Гусаим Г.В. , Воробей А.В. , Давидовский И.А. , Карпович Д.И. , Познякова О.В.
Published: February 2022

Кровотечение является одной из главных проблем хирургии и травматологии. Методы контроля и остановки кровотечения постоянно совершенствуются. Развитие эндоваскулярной хирургии значительно расширило возможности оказания помощи пациентам с кровотечениями различной этиологии. Эндоваскулярные методы контроля кровотечений позволяют обеспечить эффективный временный проксимальный контроль или окончательный гемостаз при кровотечениях из труднодоступных зон. К таким методам относятся реанимационная эндоваскулярная баллонная окклюзия аорты, временная баллонная окклюзия сосудов, эмболизация артерий, эндопротезирование аорты и крупных артерий. Как пример использования эндоваскулярного метода контроля кровотечения при хирургическом лечении с крайне высоким риском кровотечения представлен клинический случай. Успешное внедрение таких методов в клиническую практику позволит снизить количество и тяжесть кровотечений при выполнении различных операций на крупных сосудах, органах брюшной полости, забрюшинного пространства и малого таза.

Bleeding remains one of the main issues in surgery and traumatology. Bleeding management methods are constantly improved. The options of bleeding management have been significantly expanded due to development of endovascular surgery. Endovascular methods of bleeding management provide either effective temporary proximal bleeding control or final hemostasis in case of bleeding from hard-to-reach areas. These methods include resuscitation endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, temporary balloon vascular occlusion, embolization of arteries, endoprosthetics of the aorta and major arteries. A clinical case is presented as an example of using the endovascular bleeding control method in surgical treatment with extremely high risk of bleeding. Successful introduction of such methods into clinical practice will reduce the number and severity of bleeding during performing various operations on major vessels, abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal and small pelvis space.
Laparoscopic Simple Prostatectomy in Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia of High Risk of Progression
Authors: Милошевский П.В.
Published: February 2022

Доброкачественная гиперплазия предстательной железы (ДГПЖ) является одним из распространенных заболеваний мочевыводящих путей у мужчин, снижающим качество жизни. Такие факторы, как тяжесть симптомов мочеиспускания, определяемая с помощью международной шкалы оценки простатических симптомов в баллах (IPSS), снижение максимальной скорости мочеиспускания (Qmax), увеличенный объем предстательной железы, объем остаточной мочи и высокий уровень простатспецифического антигена (ПСА), способствуют прогрессии ДГПЖ и влияют на выбор метода лечения. В последние годы метаболический синдром, инсулинорезистентность со вторичной гиперинсулинемией, сахарный диабет, гормональные изменения, воспаление и внутрипузырная протрузия предстательной железы выделены как дополнительные факторы прогрессии ДГПЖ. Лапароскопическая аденомэктомия в лечении ДГПЖ высокого риска прогрессии (более 80 см3) является безопасным и эффективным малоинвазивным методом, обеспечивая аналогичные функциональные результаты с открытой аденомэктомией и имея значительные преимущества в таких показателях, как предполагаемая кровопотеря, время стояния уретрального катетера, время нахождения в стационаре, частота гемотрансфузии и частота осложнений.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases of the urinary tract in men, which reduces the quality of life. Such factors as the severity of urinary symptoms, as measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), decreased maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), enlarged prostate volume, residual urine volume, and high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level contribute to the progression of BPH and influence the choice of treatment method. In recent years, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance with secondary hyperinsulinemia, diabetes mellitus, hormonal changes, inflammation, and intravesical protrusion of the prostate have been identified as additional factors in the progression of BPH. Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive method in the treatment of BPH of high risk of progression (over 80 cm3), providing similar functional results with open adenomectomy and having significant advantages in such indicators as estimated blood loss, catheterization time, length of hospital stay, transfusion rate, frequency of complications.
Efficiency and Safety of Application of the Laryngeal Mask in Laparoscopic Surgery. Literature Review
Authors: Конончук С.Н. , Болонкин Л.С. , Илюкевич Г.В.
Published: February 2022

Проведен анализ литературных данных по особенностям применения ларингеальной маски (ЛМ) в лапароскопической хирургии с целью обеспечения эффективной и безопасной анестезии. ЛМ - это разновидность надгортанных воздуховодных устройств, которые являются альтернативой интубации трахеи и имеют ряд преимуществ с большим профилем безопасности. Возможность и целесообразность использования ЛМ при робот-ассистированных ивидеолапароскопических оперативных вмешательствах остается спорным вопросом в связи с опасениями возникновения осложнений - интраоперационной регургитации и легочной аспирации на фоне повышенного внутрибрюшного давления при искусственно созданном карбоперитонеуме. В данном обзоре приведены преимущества применения ЛМ 2-го поколения при лапароскопии, конструкция которых позволяет обеспечивать эффективную вентиляцию с достижением адекватного дыхательного объема и оксигенации. Однако необходимо соблюдать четкие правила установки ЛМ и контроля за безопасностью их использования при анестезиологическом обеспечении лапароскопических вмешательств.

The analysis of literature data on the peculiarities of the use of laryngeal mask (LM) in laparoscopic surgery was carried out in order to ensure effective and safe anesthesia. LM is a type of supraglottic airway devices that is an alternative to tracheal intubation, and it has a number of advantages with a large safety profile. The possibility and feasibility of using LM in robotic-assisted and videoassisted laparoscopic surgical interventions remain controversial due to the fear of complications intraoperative regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration on the background of increased intraabdominal pressure with artificially created carboperitoneum. This review summarizes the advantages of using the 2nd generation LMs in laparoscopy, the design of which lets to provide efficient ventilation with the achievement of adequate tidal volume and oxygenation. However, it is necessary to follow the clear rules for installing LMs and monitoring the safety of their use in the anesthetic provision of laparoscopic interventions.
Simidona Forte is an Effective Non-Hormonal Treatment of Menopausal Disorders
Authors: Грудницкая Е.Н. , Кучура Н.П.
Published: February 2022

В статье проанализированы данные 26-го издания Организации Объединенных Наций очисленности и возрастной структуре народонаселения мира. Отмечено беспрецедентное старение населения в связи с увеличением продолжительности жизни. Поэтому ожидается, что с каждым годом будет увеличиваться количество женщин, нуждающихся в оказании медицинской помощи в связи с симптомами менопаузы, так как треть своей жизни они будут проводить в условиях дефицита эстрогенов. Раннее купирование вазомоторных симптомов и стабилизация массы тела рассматриваются как стратегия терапии женщин в менопаузе. Рассматривается альтернатива менопаузальной гормональной терапии - лечение растительным экстрактом Cimicifuga racemosa Zе 450 (торговое название в Республике Беларусь - Симидона, Британская компания Amaxa LTD), который продемонстрировал эффективное купирование вазомоторных симптомов и стабилизирующее влияние на массу тела и метаболические параметры у женщин в период менопаузы.

The article analyzes the data of the 26th edition of the United Nations on the number and age structure of the world population. There is an unprecedented aging of the population due to an increase in life expectancy. Therefore, it is expected that the number of women who need medical care due to menopause symptoms will increase every year, since they will spend a third of their lives in conditions of estrogen deficiency. Early relief of vasomotor symptoms and stabilization of body weight is considered as a therapy strategy for menopausal women. An alternative to menopausal hormone therapy is considered-treatment with a plant extract of Cimicifuga racemosa Ze 450, which has demonstrated effective relief of vasomotor symptoms and a stabilizing effect on body weight and metabolic parameters in menopausal women.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Adjuvant Protection against COVID-19
Authors: Цапаев В.Г. , Цапаева Н.Л.
Published: February 2022

В статье представлены данные о свойствах омега-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК), об их участии в физиологических процессах организма при COVID-19. Рассмотрены возможные механизмы использования омега-3 ПНЖК при ковидной инфекции.

The data on the properties of omega-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids), their participation in the physiological processes of the body in COVID-19 are presented. Possible mechanisms of the use of omega-3 PUFAs in COVID-19 infection are considered.