bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of coupled fluid flow and natural heat transfer on a vertical flat plate
Authors: GHAMATI Mehdi , ASKARI Nematollah , MOGHIMI Seyed Morteza , KHODADI Seyed Masoud , TAHERI Mohammad Hasan
Published: January 2024

This study aims to look into the temperature distribution on a vertical flat plate with a variable temperature boundary condition. As a novelty, the variable temperature is considered on the wall, and coupled momentum and energy equation are solved. Moreover, a novel variable change transforms the infinite boundary condition into the finite one. The partial differential governing equations were introduced and transformed into ordinary differential equations form using the similarity solution. The obtained equations were numerically solved and val-idated using previous research. The results showed that for a constant variable temperature index (n), increasing the Prandtl number (Pr) from 0.1 to 2 reduces the dimensionless max-imum velocity by less than half and the skin friction coefficient by about 32%. In this case, the dimensionless temperature approaches zero faster; as a result, the thermal boundary layer thickness declines, and the Nusselt number (Nu) rises. Furthermore, for a constant Pr, when n increases from 0 to 1.5, the dimensionless maximum velocity and the skin friction decrease by about 38% and 23%, respectively. Since the dimensionless temperature continues to descend-ing trend, Nu still rises in this case.
Investigation into the heat sink performance of the inline and cut cross fins types using different aluminum alloys
Authors: NAZZAL Ibrahim Thamer , SALEM Thamer Khalif , FARHAN Saad , TAHSEEN Tahseen Ahmad
Published: January 2024

In this study, two types of heat sinks are selected at similar dimensions. In addition, five types of aluminum alloys are used to find the optimum performance for both models’ inline and cut cross heat sinks. These types of alloy materials were Al-1100, Al-3063, Al+25%Ni, and Al+25%Cu that are selected and compared with pure aluminum. The effectiveness results showed of the heat sink using Al- 25%Cu has the highest value compared to the other material types Al- 25%Ni, Al 1100, and Al 6063 respectively. While the lowest value of the fin efficiency was observed for pure aluminum. Moreover, the heat sink using Al- 25%Ni, Al 1100, and Al 6063 has moderate values. The results also indicated that the rate of heat-dissipated from the cut cross heat sink increases, as the fin thickness increases until reaches maximum value be-fore it decreases with an increase in the fin thickness. While for the inline heat sink, the heat transfer increases as the fin thickness increase before stables at 2 mm approximately.
Numerical investigation of the effects of the bronchial stenosis on airflow in human respiratory tract
Authors: DEMİR Ufuk , SATICI Celal , KOŞAR Filiz , GÜNEŞ Hasan
Published: January 2024

Obstructive lung diseases are slowly progressing diseases that are characterized by a narrowing of airway diameter and make it harder to breathe. Although obstructive lung diseases have a high mortality rate, there are many clinical methods for early diagnosis such as impulse oscil-lometry, thorax computed tomography scans, and pulmonary function tests. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of obstructions in main bronchitis on the airflow pattern and provide a better understanding to flow characteristics in healthy and obstructed (bronchi-al obstructions) human airways throughout a tidal breathing pattern. Seven-generation lung airway model of a healthy person was reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images and additional models were created artificially for investigation of how obstructed airways affect flow characteristics, flow rate, tidal volumes, and air distributions. A person-specific non-uniform pressure inlet boundary condition for 12 breaths per minute was created as a time-dependent pressure profile and implemented in FLUENT software as a macro for dis-tal airways and atmospheric pressure outlet boundary condition defined at the trachea exit. Numerical simulations were carried out in SST k-w turbulence model and validated with an experimental study. Various flow properties such as lobar distribution rates, maximum flow rate changes, and airflow characteristics at different flow rates (quiet breathing-15 L/min and intense activity level-60 L/min) in the carina region, mid-trachea and sagittal section of the trachea were obtained in the human respiratory tract by computationally. The results show that regardless of flow rate, the airflow characteristics are similar for healthy models and mod-els with various stenosis grades during inhalation. In terms of maximum flow rate drop, for both inspiration and expiration phases 16%, 45%, and %80 decreases were observed in OM-I, OM-II, and OM-III, respectively. In line with the decrease in maximum flow rate similar drop, percentages were obtained for tidal volumes. Besides, with the increase of stenosis grade, the inhaled air volume distribution to the right and left upper lobes decreased between 15%-95%.
An enhancement of double pipe heat exchanger performance at a constant wall temperature using a nanofluid of iron oxide and refrigerant vapor
Authors: ALİ KADHİM Saif , ASKAR Ali Habeeb , SALEH Ahmed Abed Mohammed
Published: January 2024

This study reports on experimentally enhancing the performance of a concentric double pipe heat exchanger using nanofluid and refrigerant vapor under constant wall temperature con-ditions. Ferro-nanoparticles with diameters of 80 nm are distributed in distilled water with volume concentrations of 0.1-0.7 % (nanofluid), which is used as hot fluid flowing turbulently inside the inner tube with Reynolds numbers ranging from 3900 to 11800, while refrigerant vapor produced from the refrigeration unit is used as cold fluid with counterflow through the annular tube. The results show that the convection heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number in the inner tube increase proportionally with a rise in the mass flow rate of nanofluid and the ratio of nanoparticles in the fluid (concentration). Under Reynolds number 11900, the maximum enhancement for convection heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number in the inner tube was 13.4% and 10.7%, respectively, when using the iron oxide nanofluid with volume concentration of 0.7% compared to pure water. The results of the test were also com-pared with an almost similar study that used water in the annular tube, and it was found that the use of refrigerant vapor in the annular tube gives better performance compared to water.
The burden of diabetes in America: a data-driven analysis using power BI
Authors: Ekwebene Onyeka Chukwudalu , Umeanowai Ngozi Veronica , Edeh Gabriel Chidera , Noah Gideon Ugbeyo , Folasole Adetayo , Olagunju Olajide J. , Abazu Somtochukwu
Published: January 2024

Background: High blood glucose levels in diabetes lead to devastating damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. It affects millions of Americans and costs the healthcare system billions of dollars. The disease’s causes, risk factors, and effective prevention and treatment methods are still unknown despite its prevalence.
Methods: This descriptive study used US census and CDC data to describe diabetes in America. The US census and CDC provided this study’s population and diabetes data. This study used two datasets. The first dataset contains 73054 2020 US population records. This dataset’s second type was strings and decimals, including state, county, and 2020 affected population percentage. Diabetics are represented by 3154 data points. Power BI was used to visualize decision support data.
Results: According to our analysis, millions of Americans suffer from diabetes, which costs billions in healthcare costs annually. Diabetes is most prevalent in California, with 28.9 million people affected. Most cases are 45-64 years old, and the number has increased over the past decade. These findings suggest that America’s growing diabetes epidemic requires more resources and facilities.
Conclusions: Finally, our study covers diabetes’s prevalence, incidence, and trends in America. Our findings show that America’s growing diabetes epidemic need more money, manpower, and infrastructure. We advise the government to monitor diabetes and plan for future healthcare needs.
Ten-year institutional experience in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive retrospective analysis
Authors: Devi Ningthoujam Dinita , Baidya Kishalay , Mahawar Rahul , Panmei Ruby , Miachieo Kekhrieu , Devi Akoijam Sunita , Sobita Devi Yumkhaibam
Published: January 2024

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is relatively rare worldwide but exhibits a higher prevalence in specific geographic regions, particularly Southeast Asia and the North-Eastern states of India. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of a decade’s worth of data involving 117 patients with NPC at the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 117 newly diagnosed NPC patients spanning from 2012 to 2022. Key demographic parameters such as age, gender, presenting symptoms, and disease stage were meticulously documented. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves.
Results: Our analysis encompassed 117 patients. The median age at presentation was 54 years. Undifferentiated carcinoma emerged as the predominant histological subtype. Notably, patients with type 1 keratinizing carcinoma, cranial nerve involvement, and advanced disease stages exhibited significantly poorer overall survival outcomes.
Conclusions: This retrospective analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the North-Eastern region of India highlights the critical significance of implementing early detection and intervention strategies for NPC in this specific geographical area, with the potential to improve patient outcomes.
The clinicopathological spectrum and driver mutation profile in classic BCR-ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: a three-year study from a tertiary care center in Kerala, South India
Authors: M. S. Subha , Paul Mobin , D’souza Chryselle O. , Abraham Latha K.
Published: January 2024

Background: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders primarily of the adults. The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of MPNs include the molecular landscape as one of the diagnostic criteria. JAK2 exon14 (JAK2 V617F), JAK2 exon12, Myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene exon 10 (MPL 515), and calreticulin exon 9 (CALR) mutations are the main somatic driver mutations detected in classic BCR-ABL1 negative MPNs.
Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted including 99 patients diagnosed with classic BCR-ABL1 negative MPNs during a 3-year time period, from March 2018 to February 2021 in the departments of pathology and clinical haematology- haemato oncology of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Clinical, haematological and morphological features were analysed and correlated with MPN associated mutation studies done in blood/bone marrow samples.
Results: The prevalence of polycythaemia vera (PV) was found to be higher than other MPN, two third of which were JAK2 positive. More than half of the cases of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) also showed JAK2 mutation. CALR was positive in 17.4% of ET and 31.3% of PMF; MPL in 4.4% of ET and 3.1% of PMF.
Conclusions: The prevalence of triple-negative MPN point towards the need for whole-exome sequencing of triple-negative MPN.
Comparative study between Ranson's scoring system and C reactive protein analysis in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Prashanth C. , V. Neetha , R. Likhith Kumar , Manohar T. M.
Published: January 2024

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a self-limiting disease process which when diagnosed at the primary stages helps us manage the condition with utmost care, however in severe cases it has been deemed to be one of the most common lethal conditions. The various prognostic indicators to predict the severity of the acute pancreatitis includes Ranson, modified Glasgow, MOSS, CT severity index, Apache II scoring systems and biochemical markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), IL 6 and serum prolactin level.
Methods: A total of 50 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were studied at the Sri Siddhartha institute of medical sciences and research centre during the period of October 2019 to September 2021. We assessed the Ranson’s score as well as the CRP levels in the patients at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively.
Results: In this study, 47 patients were male and only 3 were females. The patients with the Ranson’s score of 2 or <2, 3-4, 5 or >5 were seen in 21, 22 and 7 cases respectively. Further, the mean ± SD level of CRP at 24, 48 and 72 hours was 120.348±47.51, 134.926±47.26 and 146.57±44.43 respectively. It was found to be statistically significant. We report 8% mortality rate in our study.
Conclusions: Our study showed that both CRP as well as Ranson’s score is good predictors of the disease process. Ranson’s score was a one-time assessment of the disease severity of acute pancreatitis, while CRP levels showed a concurrent increase in the CRP levels after each 24 hour interval which reflects the increased progression of the disease process with time at the initial stage of acute pancreatitis.
Giant multilobular axillary lipoma
Authors: Gani Mubashir , Iqbal Asif , Rather Ajaz Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Lipomas are common benign soft tissue tumours. Lipomas are usually small in size. Giant lipomas are uncommon. Large tumours can cause compression to the surrounding nerves and vessels. Axilla is an uncommon site of lipoma and giant axillary lipomas are rare. In this report we present a case of a 60-year male with giant multilobular axillary lipoma. The lipoma was unusual in its size, its appearance and site of occurrence. Histopathology revealed it to be a lipoma.
A cross sectional study on awareness and prevalence of tobacco use among adult males of Vanakbara village, Diu district
Authors: Solanki Minaxi N. , Zalavadiya Dhara , Amratlal Abhishek
Published: January 2024

Background: Tobacco is used in various forms worldwide. The consumption of each pattern is different by the geographic area, economic status, socio-cultural and religious influence. The tobacco problem in India is more complex than that of any other country in the world, with a significant number of tobacco-related diseases and deaths. Over the years, India’s position has risen from third largest to the second largest unmanufactured tobacco consuming country in the world. This study's findings will aid in the future planning of tobacco control and prevention in Vanakbara village of Diu district.
Methods: Community base cross-sectional study was conducted among adult males of Vanakbara village, Diu district. A study was conducted from September to November 2020, A sample was selected from the population by using a simple random sampling method. Data was collected using a preformed questionnaire. Data was entered in MS excel and analysis was done using statistical software like SPSS. Average, and the percentage considered and the frequency table and graphs were prepared wherever applicable.
Results: According to the study, smokeless tobacco use was more prevalent among adult males (56.6%) than smoked tobacco (14.6%). The most common form of smokeless tobacco used was mawa. According to the majority of respondents (44.3%), smoking was started because they believe it aids in concentration at work, followed by their friends. The study revealed that 88.6% of respondents are aware that tobacco consumption leads to oral cancer.
Conclusions: Our study indicates that there is an urgent need for taking actions aiming at increasing effectiveness of enforcing applicable tobacco control regulations in fisherman units.
Trends in pneumatic compression devices and their impact on patient outcomes: a review
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Khandelwal Nisha , Rani Bhavna
Published: January 2024

Pneumatic compression devices have seen a remarkable evolution in recent years with innovative designs and applications. This review explores the trends in pneumatic compression devices and their impact on patient outcomes. Pneumatic compression devices are widely used in various medical contexts, such as wound care, lymphedema management, and venous thromboembolism prevention. This review summarizes the findings of recent studies that investigate the effectiveness of these devices in improving patient outcomes. We discuss the evolving technology, clinical applications, and evidence of their impact on parameters like wound healing, edema reduction, and venous thromboembolism prevention. Through an analysis of the current literature, we aim to provide valuable insights for healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the significance of pneumatic compression devices in modern patient care.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of gastro intestinal tract with special reference to immunohistochemistry markers at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mariyam Misbah , Alekhya K , Saleem S K Aamer , Pavani M
Published: January 2024

: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are rare entity comprising ~2% of all malignancies with the gastro intestinal tract (GIT) and the lung being the most common sites. They are classified as epithelial and non epithelial based on their origin. The epithelial type arise from epithelial neuroendocrine progenitor cells and non-epithelial type are derived from the neural crest. According to the latest WHO classification 2022, NEN are categorized into neuroendocrine tumors (NET), neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN). The above-mentioned classification is possible with the help of use of immunohistochemistry neuroendocrine markers namely synaptophysin, chromogranin-A and proliferation marker as ki67. Synaptophysin is entirely sensitive, and less specific. Chromogranin A is an excellent marker to follow tumour progression and recurrence but is less useful for the diagnosis as it can be elevated for multiple reasons and is therefore nonspecific but very sensitive.

: This study includes 25 cases, with study duration of 2 years including all the cases of neuroendocrine tumours of gastrointestinal tract excluding pancreas. Routine H&E staining was done followed by Immunohistochemical markers consisting of synaptophysin, chromogranin-A and ki67 markers.

In our study the affected mean age was 51.8 and there was slight male predominance (1.2:1). The most common site being duodenum followed by stomach, and least affected was oesophagus. Out of total 25 cases of Neuroendocrine neoplasms, 18 cases (72% were diagnosed as NET, which were further categorized into G1 (32%), G2(28%) and G3(12%). Neuroendocrine carcinoma was seen in 04 cases (16%) and 03 cases were of MiNEN.

: The GI-NETs are rare but their incidence and prevalence have been increasing. Due to the improvement and advancement in the diagnostic tools and the knowledge about these tumors has helped in diagnosing more of these tumors early and accurately. For accurate grading and pathological diagnosis. It is important to carefully evaluate hot spots for the Ki-67 index, identify areas of the highest mitotic density for mitotic count, and recognize the characteristic histological features of GI-NETS.
Rozwój i struktura usług na terenach przemysłowych w wybranych małych miastach województwa dolnośląskiego
Authors: Sikorski Dominik
Published: January 2024

Struktura przestrzenna miast w Polsce w okresie ostatnich kilkunastu lat uległa poważnym przeobrażeniom. Transformacja ustrojowa, która dokonała się w naszym kraju po 1989 r. istotnie wpłynęła na przebieg procesów i zjawisk zachodzących wewnątrz tkanki miejskiej. Ważnym aspektem tych przeobrażeń były i są przebiegające na terenie miast przemiany funkcjonalne terenów przemysłowych. Jednym z procesów zachodzącym na terenach przemysłowych w miastach polskich po 1989 r. jest proces sukcesji funkcjonalnej, który powodował pojawianie się na terenach przemysłowych nowych podmiotów gospodarczych o innej funkcji, najczęściej o funkcji usługowej. W artykule zaprezentowane zostały, na przykładzie wybranych kilku małych miast województwa dolnośląskiego, procesy sukcesji funkcjonalnej na terenach przemysłowych obejmujących swym zasięgiem podmioty z III sektora gospodarki narodowej.
About the role of system integrators in transport economic ties guarantee
Authors:   Research & Production Holding STRATEG, Kozlov Petr Alexeevich , Abdullaev Ildar Salimovich ,   JSC «RZD», Tushin Nikolay Andreevich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Yakushev Nikolay Vasilyevich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: January 2024

Nowadays JSC «RZD» is transforming its business model «transporter» into the model «transport-logistic holding». Meantime there is a set task about providing the complexed integrated service, the formation of a diverse product basket is included, the principles of the policy of the orientation to clients are being instilled, technological coordination is becoming more actual. Therefore, there is a question about the operator of the complexed transportation service. The article describes the functions of the system integrators in transport economic ties guarantee. It is shown that the appearance of the system integrators is an objective necessity as they form the chains of supplies and organize the flow through several transport means. The control for the transport processes activates the so-called dynamic reserves which rises the effectiveness of the transport ties. As a result, every representative of the supply chains gets an economical benefit.
Approximation of the wear curve of the rim profile of a railway wheel adjoined to the ridge
Authors:   Rostov State Transport University (RSTU), Krotov Sergey Viktorovich , Kononov Dmitriy Pavlovich ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PSTU), Buynosov Alexander Petrovich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: January 2024

The article views a specified model of the wear of a separate rolling surface part of a profile based on the data achieved under the calculation of the curve and the radius of the worn profile and also the angles of inclination of a tangent under several rollings. To achieve the goal mathematical dependencies of the wear are used, as well as power-law dependences to describe the wear curves of a wheel surface under different positions of the reference points. The calculations errors are evaluated, the calculating parameters are corrected, such as the wear in different points. For further theoretical researches analytical expressions are used on which graphical dependences are constructed. The calculations are made on the bases of the method of the finite differences, the valuation of the errors of calculations is given. Moreover, a table method of the presentation of a huge number of data is used. The results of the research will be useful for understanding the complicity of the processes and the quantitative evaluation of the interaction of a wheel and a rail in contact.
Prospects for using the North-South International Transport Corridor for the transportation of Russian goods
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Larin Oleg Nikolaevich , Moononhuu Tsogt ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT)
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the characteristics of the North-South International Transport Corridor as part of its three basic routes. Based on the analysis of the economic, social, and foreign trade potential of the Central Asian states, the conclusion was made about a further increase in the load on the eastern route of the corridor with foreign trade and domestic cargo flows from this region. Taking into account the forecasts for the load on the transport and logistics infrastructure of the Central Asian countries, the efficiency of delivery of Russian foreign trade goods along the eastern route may decrease. To proactively respond to relevant risks, it is necessary to organize the collection and analysis of information on the operational and economic indicators of cargo delivery along all routes of the corridor, the condition and level of load of its infrastructure facilities.
Study of the environmental friendliness of a gasoline car by analyzing the composition of exhaust gases before the anti-toxic system
Authors:   South Ural State University (NIU), Gritsenko Alexander Vladimirovich , Glemba Konstantin Vyacheslavovich ,   South Ural State Agrarian University (SUrSAU), Menshenin Alexander Sergeevich ,   South Ural State Agrarian University (SUrSAU), Chokoy Stepan Andreevich ,   South Ural State Agrarian University (SUrSAU)
Published: January 2024

A test diagnostic method is proposed, based on monitoring the toxicity parameters of exhaust gases in the exhaust manifolds of individual cylinders up to the catalytic converter with a multi-component gas analyzer. The relationships between the parameters CO2 and CH are analysed both individually and jointly when simulating changes in the technical condition of the spark plugs of the ignition system and the resistance of the catalytic converter in the exhaust system. Experiments are carried out at two throttle opening positions: 20 and 40 %. A joint analysis of the dependences of CO2 and CH shows a shift of the point of their intersection to the zone of longer or shorter injection duration, depending on the malfunction. As the exhaust resistance increases, the range of changes in CO2 and CH decreases significantly; the same is observed when the spark plug gap decreases. The presented method is recommended for use by auto service and machine-building enterprises, which will allow them to carry out highly effective monitoring of the technical condition of engine systems.
The research of the influence of the exploitation conditions on the safety of the parts of the fuel system parts of Ural-4320 vehicle
Authors:   Tyumen Industrial University (TIU), Guselnikov Andrey Sergeevich , Zakharov Nikolay Stepanovich ,   Tyumen Industrial University (TIU)
Published: January 2024

The example of the Ural-4320 vehicle shows the influence of seasons conditions on the exploitation safety of the system of diesel engines feeding. The main statistical characteristics of the distribution of the operating time to the failures of the feeding system are calculated. The dependence of the season changes of the parameters of flow of these elements failures is proved. It is presented that it is possible to increase the effectiveness of the exploitation of the Ural-4320 vehicle can be achieved due to the downtime decrease in the areas of technical service. To achieve this, it is offered to correct the amount of the replacement parts and consumables in storage with the help of the coefficient accommodating the season conditions of the vehicles exploitation.
Liquidity and Borrowing from a Lender of Last Resort during the Crisis of 1884
Authors: Hoag Christopher
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the relation between bank liquidity and borrowing from a lender of last resort on a high frequency basis during a financial crisis.  The paper evaluates weekly observations of individual bank borrowing of clearinghouse loan certificates by a panel of New York Clearing House member banks during the crisis of 1884.  Naturally, banks with higher reserve ratios borrowed lower amounts, but banks replaced a dollar of reserves with less than a dollar of borrowing from a lender of last resort.
Hubungan Ureum dan Kreatinin Serum dengan Lamanya Terapi Hemodialisis pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) di RS PKU Bantul
Authors: Malfica Muhammad Joddy , Rosita Linda , Yuantari Rahma
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Penurunan fungsi ginjal yang cukup berat dilihat dari peningkatan dua substansi kimia darah yaitu ureum dan kreatinin serum. Hemodialisis sebagai pengganti ginjal sementara dapat menurunkan kadar ureum dan kreatinin serum yang meningkat pada pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK). Semakin lamanya hemodialisis pada penyakit ginjal kronik diharapkan semakin terkontrol pula kadar ureum dan kreatinin pasien.Tujuan: Mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan ureum dan kreatinin serum dengan lamanya hemodialisis pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik di Rumah Sakit PKU Bantul D.I. Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dilakukan pada bulan November–Desember 2020 dengan sampel sebesar 50 orang yang menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil: Nilai ureum dan kreatinin serum pada 50 subjek penelitian ditemukan berada pada kadar tinggi baik laki-laki maupun perempuan dengan nilai rerata ureum masing-masing (40,06 mg/dL & 35,59 mg/dL) dan nilai median kreatinin serum (3,05 mg/dL dan 2,28 mg/dL). Hubungan antara kadar ureum dan kreatinin serum dengan lamanya hemodialisis masing-masing didapatkan p = 0,980 dan p = 0,665.Simpulan: Tidak terdapat adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara ureum dan kreatinin serum dengan lamanya hemodialisis pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik di RS PKU Bantul.
Tantangan Diagnosis Sirosis Hepatis Dekompensata Progresif Non-Viral dengan Sindrom Hepatorenal dan Spontaneus Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP): Sebuah Laporan Kasus
Authors: Juwita Rina , Lusiyana Novyan
Published: January 2024

Sirosis hepatis dekompensata progresif merupakan gambaran stadium akhir kondisi patologis hepar. Kondisi ini berlangsung progresif yang ditandai dengan perubahan struktur sel hepar berupa fibrosis hepar dan pembentukan nodul regeneratif. Manifestasi sirosis hepar disebabkan oleh hipertensi portal yang menyebabkan retensi cairan dan dilatasi pembuluh darah. Salah satu penyebab sirosis hepatis adalah kolelithiasis yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya obstruksi. Pada sirosis hepatis dekompensata dapat dapat terjadi kondisi akut yaitu ensefalopati hepatikum, pendarahan gastrointestinal karena pecahnya varises esofagus maupun penurunan fungsi ginjal atau sindroma hepatorenal. Kasus sirosis non-viral masih menjadi tantangan dalam menegakkan etiologi sirosis hepatis.
Hubungan Karakteristik Demografi Dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang COVID-19 Masyarakat Indonesia Pada Tahun Pertama Pandemi
Authors: Idamatussilmi Fina , Rukmana Fitria Yuristika Indra , Ramadhani Rr. Fauzia , Ilham Dian Maknalia , Suryaningtyas Yenni , Kuntari Titik
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: COVID-19 adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV2 dengan keluhan utama di saluran pernapasan. Pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk menekan pertambahan kasus baru setiap harinya antara lain dengan 3M dan 3T, namun masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak mematuhi protokol kesehatan tersebut. Sikap dan perilaku seseorang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor antara lain pengetahuan sehingga penelitian mengenai pengetahuan masyarakat tentang COVID-19 dan media informasi yang banyak diakses masyarakat penting untuk dilakukan untuk dapat menentukan intervensi yang lebih sesuai.
Tujuan: mengukur tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat, sumber informasi yang banyak diakses pada tahun pertama pandemi, serta hubungan karakteristik sosiodemografi dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang COVID-19.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuisioner dalam bentuk Google Form yang dibagikan pada 12-15 Juni 2020. Kriteria inklusi subyek penelitian adalah masyarakat Indonesia tinggal di Indonesia, berusia 18 tahun ke atas, dan bukan tenaga kesehatan. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk melihat karakteristik responden, pengetahuan dan sumber informasi.  Analisis bivariat dengan Chi-Square dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik dengan tingkat pengetahuan.
Hasil: Penelitian melibatkan 423 responden. Sebagian besar responden adalah perempuan (71,4%), berusia 20-29 tahun (66,9%), tinggal di luar Jawa (26,7%), dan memiliki pendidikan terakhir sarjana (61,9%). Media informasi yang paling banyak diakses oleh responden adalah televisi (28%) dan pesan WhatsApp (16%). Tingkat pengetahuan COVID-19 secara keseluruhan baik (rata-rata75,64%), tetapi masih terdapat kesenjangan tingkat pengetahuan tentang gejala, cara penularan dan kelompok rentan. Jenis kelamin, usia, provinsi (tempat tinggal), tingkat pendidikan terakhir, dan pekerjaan tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang COVID-19.
Simpulan: Pengetahuan responden secara umum sudah baik. Meskipun demikian, masih terdapat kesenjangan pengetahuan tentang gejala, cara penularan dan kelompok yang rentan terinfeksi COVID-19. Sumber informasi utama tentang COVID-19 yang banyak diakses adalah televisi (28%). Pemerintah harus terus melakukan upaya promosi dan edukasi terutama terkait tiga materi tersebut dengan mengoptimalkan media yang banyak diakses masyarakat.
 
Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Indonesia, tingkat pengetahuan
Efisiensi Kebijakan Lockdown COVID-19 Di Negara Berkembang Dan Negara Maju : Sebuah Tinjauan Naratif
Authors: Zahra Anandalia Athaya , Azhari Novi Julia , Prasetyono Thifal Zakiyyah , Atidipta Santi , Agushybana Farid , Winarni Sri Winarni , Purnami Cahya Tri
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Penyebaran Covid-19 mulai menyebar dari satu orang ke orang lain hingga penyebaran kasus semakin meluas, akibat mobilitas penduduk yang tinggi sehingga penyebaran virus tidak dapat dikendalikan. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah mulai menerapkan kebijakan untuk mengendalikan penyebarannya, salah satunya dengan menerapkan pembatas kegiatan masyarakat.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas penerapan kebijakan lockdown di negara maju dan berkembang.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian naratif dengan menggunakan metode literature review dengan meninjau dan menyimpulkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai bulan Februari 2022 dengan populasi dan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jurnal nasional terakreditasi sinta 1 atau 2 dan jurnal internasional. Pencarian jurnal dilakukan melalui berbagai situs jurnal seperti ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, dan Google Scholar. Penelitian ini membandingan negara berkembang adalah Pakistan, India, dan Vietnam dengan negara maju adalah Spanyol, Italia, dan London.
Hasil: Setiap negara memiliki kebijakan lockdown yang berbeda. Selain itu, ada juga dampak dari kebijakan lockdown yang diberlakukan.
Simpulan: Di negara berkembang, lockdown merupakan strategi pengendalian non-farmasi yang efektif, tetapi lockdown total tidak dimungkinkan karena situasi ekonomi negara tersebut, sedangkan di negara maju lockdown merupakan strategi pengendalian yang efektif, tetapi akan lebih efektif jika strategi lainnya juga dilaksanakan bersamaan dengan lockdown.
 
Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Kebijakan lockdown, Negara berkembang, Negara maju, Dampak
The Long-term Effects of Improving the Motor Neural Transmission Verified with Clinical Neurophysiology Methods in Patients with Surgically Treated Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Daroszewski Przemysław , Huber Juliusz , Kaczmarek Katarzyna , Janusz Piotr , Główka Paweł , Tomaszewski Marek , Kubaszewski Łukasz , Dąbrowski Mikołaj , Kotwicki Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Evaluation of the patients after the surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis in long-term follow-up with the clinical neurophysiology methods has not been presented in detail. This study aimed to compare the results of the neurophysiological studies in 45 girls with scoliosis of Lenke 1-3 types performed pre- (T0), postoperatively (T1, one week after surgery), and 6 months after the surgery (T2). Parameters of surface electromyography during the attempt of maximal contraction (mcsEMG) and transcranially evoked motor evoked potentials (MEP) recorded from anterior tibial muscles, as well as the electroneurography (ENG) of peripheral transmission in the peroneal nerve motor fibers were compared. The results indicate that efferent neural conduction function both centrally and peripherally as well as TA muscle function improve immediately after surgical correction of scoliosis (at p=0.05) and further normalization appears after six months in long-term follow-up (at p=0.03). It has been found in sEMG recordings, that the TA muscle motor unit recruitment function after half a year from surgical treatment in IS patients is comparable to the normal condition. ENG recordings results indicated the gradual retreat of the motor fibers injury symptoms mainly of the axonal type in peroneal nerves, the surgeries improved also the lumbar ventral roots’ neural transmission to the functional status considered as normal. MEP amplitude parameters recorded after the surgical scoliosis correction in T1 indicated a slight improvement in the efferent transmission of neural impulses within the fibers of the spinal tracts; in long-lasting T2 observation, they reached values comparable to those recorded in healthy volunteers bilaterally. Preoperatively (T0) the results of all neurophysiological study parameters in IS patients were asymmetrical at p=0.036-0.05 and recorded as worse on the concave side, suggesting the lateralization of neurological motor deficits. One week postoperatively (T1), this asymmetry was recorded as gradually reduced, showing almost no difference between the right and left sides six months later (T2). The presented algorithm of the diagnostic proceeding pre-, early post-, and long-lasting postoperatively using mcsEMG, MEP, and ENG neurophysiological examinations can be significant not only in making the final decision regarding surgical treatment and its personalization but also helps in precise ascertaining its effects as well as in predicting the final result of IS treatment.
Beta Decay with No Neutrinos and Parity Conservation
Authors: Sanctuary Bryan
Published: January 2024

We changed the symmetry of the Weak Force from SU(2) to the quaternion group $Q_8$, and found that spin spacetime separates into two complementary spaces: a spin polarization spacetime of even parity states, and a spin coherence space, in the $S^3$ hypersphere, of odd parity coherent states. Under the quaternion group, spin is a boson of spin 1 in free flight and a fermion of spin $\frac{1}{2}$ when measured. It immediately follows that neutrinos are not needed to balance spin and conserve energy in beta decay. Additionally, we find the boson electrons emitted in beta decay are odd to parity, leading to parity conservation even though the observed beta distribution is asymmetrical.
Characterization of hFOB 1.19 Cell Line for Studying Zn-Based Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Authors: Jablonská Eva , Mrázková Lucie , Kubásek Jiří , Vojtěch Dalibor , Paulin Irena , Ruml Tomáš , Lipov Jan
Published: January 2024

In vitro testing is the first important step in the development of new biomaterials. The human fetal osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19 is a very promising cell model; however, there are vast discrepancies in cultivation protocols, especially in the cultivation temperature and the presence of selection reagent, geneticin (G418). We intended to use hFOB 1.19 for the testing of Zn-based degradable metallic materials. However, the sensitivity of hFOB 1.19 to zinc ions has not yet been studied. Therefore, we compared the toxicity of zinc towards hFOB 1.19 under different conditions and compared it with that of the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. We also tested the cytotoxicity of three types of Zn-based biomaterials in two types of media. The presence of G418 used as a selection reagent decreased the sensitivity of hFOB 1.19 to Zn2+. hFOB 1.19 were more sensitive to Zn2+ at elevated (restrictive) temperatures. hFOB 1.19 were less sensitive to Zn2+ than L929 (both as ZnCl2 and extracts of alloys). Therefore, the appropriate cultivation conditions of hFOB 1.19 during biomaterial testing should be chosen with caution.
Inhibitory Efficacy of Main Components of Scutellaria baicalensis on the Interaction between Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 and Human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme II
Authors: Lin Cheng-Han , Chang Ho-Ju , Lin Meng-Wei , Yang Xin-Rui , Lee Che-Hsiung , Lin Chih-Sheng
Published: January 2024

Blocking the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2) protein serves as a therapeutic strategy for treating COVID-19. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments containing bioactive products could alleviate the symptoms of severe COVID-19. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has complicated the process of developing broad-spectrum drugs. As such, the aim in this study was to explore the efficacy of TCM treatments for SARS-CoV-2 variants through targeting the interaction of the viral spike protein with the hACE2 receptor. The antiviral activity was systematically evaluated using a pseudovirus system. Scutellaria baicalensis was found to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection through affecting the interaction of viral spike protein with the hACE2 protein. The active molecules of S. baicalensis were identified and analyzed. Baicalein and baicalin, a flavone and a flavone glycoside, respectively, found in S. baicalensis, exhibited strong inhibitory activities, targeting the viral spike protein or hACE2 protein, respectively. Under optimized conditions, virus infection was inhibited by 98% via baicalein-treated pseudovirus and baicalin-treated hACE2. In summary, we identified the potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors of the interaction of the Omicron spike protein and hACE2 receptor from S. baicalensis. Future studies on the therapeutic application of baicalein and baicalin against SARS-CoV-2 variants are needed.
Usefulness of Body Position Change during Local Ablation Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Takada Hitomi , Komiyama Yasuyuki , Osawa Leona , Muraoka Masaru , Suzuki Yuichiro , Sato Mitsuaki , Kobayashi Shoji , Yoshida Takashi , Takano Shinichi , Maekawa Shinya , Enomoto Nobuyuki
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Local ablation therapies (radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave ablation (MWA)) are important as curative treatment option in patient with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and option for intrahepatic tumor volume reduction in those with unresectable HCC. Various techniques; contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), real-time virtual sonography (RVS), artificial pleural and ascites fluid infusion, and body position change (BPC) have been used to accurately and safely perform local ablation therapies. However, there have been few reports on the usefulness of BPC. Therefore, this study focused on the usefulness of BPC during local ablation therapies in patients with HCC.
Methods:
We evaluated the technical success rates, treatment time, and prognosis of 283 nodules treated with local ablation therapies. Furthermore, we defined nodules adjacent to large vessels or extrahepatic organs, or poorly visible nodules using US as HCC in high-risk locations. High-risk locations HCC were classified into phase 1 (before active use of BPC, January 2018 to December 2019) and phase 2 (after active use of BPC, January 2020 to January 2022).
Results:
One hundred seventy-six nodules (62%) were classified as high-risk location group. Compared to non-high risk HCC, treatment-assist techniques, such as BPC (61 vs. 24 %, p<0.001), artificial pleural fluid infusion (24 vs. 5.6%, p<0.001), artificial ascites infusion (50 vs. 11%, p<0.001), fusion imaging (28 vs. 8.4%, p<0.001) and CEUS (26 vs. 4.7%, p<0.001) were performed more frequently for high-risk HCC.
The technical success rates were 96% (271/283 nodules), 96% (167/173 nodules) and 95% (102/107 nodules), for all nodules, the high-risk location group and the non-high risk location group, respectively. In the high-risk location group, the technical success rates of the group without BPC were lower than that with BPC (91 vs. 99%, p=0.015). Only BPC was a related factor for the technical success rate for high-risk locations HCC (OR 10 (1.2-86), p=0.034). In contrast, no differences were found in the treatment time, the local tumor progression rates, intrahepatic distant recurrence rates, and overall survival between the group with BPC and that without BPC in the high-risk location HCC.
Conclusion:
BPC during local ablation therapies in patients with HCC in high-risk locations was safe and efficient. Body position should be adjusted for HCC in high-risk locations to maintain good US visibility and ensure safe puncture route in patients undergoing local ablation therapies.
ML Classification of Cancer Types Using High Dimensional Gene Expression Microarray Data
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Dwaipayan , Phanord Dieudonne D , Dalpatadu Rohan J , Gewali Laxmi P , Singh Ashok K
Published: January 2024

Machine Learning classifiers are used to classify a very wide dataset containing gene ex-pression microarray data of patients with five types of cancer (breast cancer, kidney cancer, Colon cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer). Since the dataset was very wide with a large number of columns, the code yielded stack overflow errors, and we resorted to Principal Components Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction, and principal component scores of the raw data for classification. PCA was run using a fast algorithm which is able to compute PC scores for very large datasets. High classification accuracies are obtained using just the first two principal component scores. Machine Learning (ML) classifiers Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) & Random Forest (RF) methods were utilized where the latter provided with higher accuracy than the former. The results of this article should be helpful to researchers who are dealing with large number of genes in microarray data.
The Redox Homeostasis Alteration Is Restored by Melatonin Treatment in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Soto María Elena , Pérez-Torres Israel , Manzano-Pech Linaloe , Palaciós-Chavarría Adrían , Valdez-Vázquez Rafael Ricardo , Guarner-Lans Verónica , Soria-Castro Elizabeth , Díaz-Díaz Eulises , Castrejón-Tellez Vicente
Published: January 2024

Type II pneumocytes are the target of SARS-CoV-2 which alters their redox homeostasis to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin (MT) has antioxidant proprieties and protects mitochondrial function. Here we evaluated whether the treatment with MT compensated for the redox homeostasis alteration in serum from COVID-19 patients. We determined oxidative stress (OS) markers such as carbonyls, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO2–), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and thiols groups in serum. We also studied the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), -S-transferase (GST), reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) and peroxidases. There was a significant increase in LPO and carbonyls (p≤0.03) and a decrease in TAC, NO2–, thiols, GSH, (p<0.001) in COVID-19 patients. The activities of the ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST, GR and peroxidases were decreased (p≤ 0.04). The treatment with MT favored the activity of the antioxidant enzymes which contributed to increase TAC and restored the lost redox homeostasis. MT also modulated glucose homeostasis functioning as a glycolytic agent and inhibited the Warburg effect. Thus, MT restores the redox homeostasis which is altered in COVID-19 patients and can be used as adjuvant therapy in the SARS-CoV-2 infection.