bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gain of 1q As a Prognostic Biomarker in Wilms Tumors (WTs) Treated With Preoperative Chemotherapy in the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) WT 2001 Trial: A SIOP Renal Tumours Biology Consortium Study
Authors: Chagtai Tasnim , Zill Christina , Dainese Linda , Wegert Jenny , Savola Suvi , Popov Sergey , Mifsud William , Vujanić Gordan , Sebire Neil , Le Bouc Yves , Ambros Peter F. , Kager Leo , O'Sullivan Maureen J. , Blaise Annick , Bergeron Christophe , Mengelbier Linda Holmquist , Gisselsson David , Kool Marcel , Tytgat Godelieve A.M. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Graf Norbert , van Tinteren Harm , Coulomb Aurore , Gessler Manfred , Williams Richard Dafydd , Pritchard-Jones Kathy
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric renal tumor. Treatment planning under International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) protocols is based on staging and histologic assessment of response to preoperative chemotherapy. Despite high overall survival (OS), many relapses occur in patients without specific risk factors, and many successfully treated patients are exposed to treatments with significant risks of late effects. To investigate whether molecular biomarkers could improve risk stratification, we assessed 1q status and other potential copy number biomarkers in a large WT series.

Materials and Methods

WT nephrectomy samples from 586 SIOP WT 2001 patients were analyzed using a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay that measured the copy number of 1q and other regions of interest.

Results

One hundred sixty-seven (28%) of 586 WTs had 1q gain. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) was 75.0% in patients with 1q gain (95% CI, 68.5% to 82.0%) and 88.2% in patients without gain (95% CI, 85.0% to 91.4%). OS was 88.4% with gain (95% CI, 83.5% to 93.6%) and 94.4% without gain (95% CI, 92.1% to 96.7%). In univariable analysis, 1q gain was associated with poorer EFS (P < .001; hazard ratio, 2.33) and OS (P = .01; hazard ratio, 2.16). The association of 1q gain with poorer EFS retained significance in multivariable analysis adjusted for 1p and 16q loss, sex, stage, age, and histologic risk group. Gain of 1q remained associated with poorer EFS in tumor subsets limited to either intermediate-risk localized disease or nonanaplastic localized disease. Other notable aberrations associated with poorer EFS included MYCN gain and TP53 loss.

Conclusion

Gain of 1q is a potentially valuable prognostic biomarker in WT, in addition to histologic response to preoperative chemotherapy and tumor stage.
Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Symptom Comorbidities and Profiles in Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Brinkman Tara M. , Li Chenghong , Vannatta Kathryn , Marchak Jordan G. , Lai Jin-Shei , Prasad Pinki K. , Kimberg Cara , Vuotto Stefanie , Di Chongzhi , Srivastava Deokumar , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Krull Kevin R.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

In the general population, psychological symptoms frequently co-occur; however, profiles of symptom comorbidities have not been examined among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer.

Patients and Methods

Parents of 3,893 5-year survivors of childhood cancer who were treated between 1970 and 1999 and who were assessed in adolescence (age 12 to 17 years) completed the Behavior Problems Index. Age- and sex-standardized z scores were calculated for symptom domains by using the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study sibling cohort. Latent profile analysis identified profiles of comorbid symptoms, and multivariable multinomial logistic regression modeling examined associations between cancer treatment exposures and physical late effects and identified symptom profiles. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for latent class membership were estimated and analyses were stratified by cranial radiation therapy (CRT; CRT or no CRT).

Results

Four symptoms profiles were identified: no significant symptoms (CRT, 63%; no CRT, 70%); elevated anxiety and/or depression, social withdrawal, and attention problems (internalizing; CRT, 31%; no CRT, 16%); elevated headstrong behavior and attention problems (externalizing; CRT, no observed; no CRT, 9%); and elevated internalizing and externalizing symptoms (global symptoms; CRT, 6%; no CRT, 5%). Treatment with ≥ 30 Gy CRT conferred greater risk of internalizing (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.8) and global symptoms (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 8.4). Among the no CRT group, corticosteroid treatment was associated with externalizing symptoms (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.8) and ≥ 4.3 g/m2intravenous methotrexate exposure was associated with global symptoms (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.9 to 2.4). Treatment late effects, including obesity, cancer-related pain, and sensory impairments, were significantly associated with increased risk of comorbid symptoms.

Conclusion

Behavioral, emotional, and social symptoms frequently co-occur in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and are associated with treatment exposures and physical late effects. Assessment and consideration of symptom profiles are essential for directing appropriate mental health treatment for adolescent survivors.
Effects of Organizational Characteristics on Outcomes and Resource Use in Patients With Cancer Admitted to Intensive Care Units
Authors: Soares Marcio , Bozza Fernando A. , Azevedo Luciano C.P. , Silva Ulysses V.A. , Corrêa Thiago D. , Colombari Fernando , Torelly André P. , Varaschin Pedro , Viana William N. , Knibel Marcos F. , Damasceno Moyzés , Espinoza Rodolfo , Ferez Marcus , Silveira Juliana G. , Lobo Suzana A. , Moraes Ana Paula P. , Lima Ricardo A. , de Carvalho Alexandre G.R. , do Brasil Pedro E.A.A. , Kahn Jeremy M. , Angus Derek C. , Salluh Jorge I.F.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To investigate the impact of organizational characteristics and processes of care on hospital mortality and resource use in patients with cancer admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).

Patients and Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of 9,946 patients with cancer (solid, n = 8,956; hematologic, n = 990) admitted to 70 ICUs (51 located in general hospitals and 19 in cancer centers) during 2013. We retrieved patients’ clinical and outcome data from an electronic ICU quality registry. We surveyed ICUs regarding structure, organization, staffing patterns, and processes of care. We used mixed multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify characteristics associated with hospital mortality and efficient resource use in the ICU.

Results

Median number of patients with cancer per center was 110 (interquartile range, 58 to 154), corresponding to 17.9% of all ICU admissions. ICU and hospital mortality rates were 15.9% and 25.4%, respectively. After adjusting for relevant patient characteristics, presence of clinical pharmacists in the ICU (odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.90), number of protocols (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98), and daily meetings between oncologists and intensivists for care planning (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.91) were associated with lower mortality. Implementation of protocols (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.07) and meetings between oncologists and intensivists (OR, 4.70; 95% CI, 1.15 to 19.22) were also independently associated with more efficient resource use. Neither admission to ICUs in cancer centers compared with general hospitals nor annual case volume had an impact on mortality or resource use.

Conclusion

Organizational aspects, namely the implementation of protocols and presence of clinical pharmacists in the ICU, and close collaboration between oncologists and ICU teams are targets to improve mortality and resource use in critically ill patients with cancer.
Intrinsic (Genetic) Aerobic Fitness Impacts Susceptibility for Metabolic Disease
Authors: Thyfault John P. , Morris E. Matthew
Published: July 2016

Low-capacity runner (LCR) and high-capacity runner (HCR) rat strains are divergent for running capacity and aerobic fitness. The LCR rats are susceptible to obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver whereas the HCR are protected. We performed studies testing the hypothesis that the divergence in susceptibility for obesity and metabolic dysfunction between HCR/LCR is due to differences in hepatic mitochondrial function that also may drive differences in energy expenditure and substrate usage.
From hepatoprotection models to new therapeutic modalities for treating liver diseases: a personal perspective
Authors: Rudraiah Swetha , Manautou José E.
Published: July 2016

A variety of rodent models of hepatoprotection have been developed in which tolerance to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity occurs. Autoprotection/heteroprotection is a phenomenon where prior exposure to a mildly toxic dose of toxicant confers protection against a subsequently administered higher dose of the same toxicant (as in the case of autoprotection) or to a different toxicant (referred to as heteroprotection). Multiple mechanisms regulate this adaptive response, including hepatocellular proliferation, proteostasis, enhanced expression of cytoprotective genes, and altered tissue immune response. In this review, we will discuss recent findings that highlight the complexity of these adaptive mechanisms and we also outline the usefulness of these findings to devise therapeutic and/or diagnostic tools for acetaminophen-induced liver damage in patients.
Contextual Hub Analysis Tool (CHAT): A Cytoscape app for identifying contextually relevant hubs in biological networks
Authors: Muetze Tanja , Goenawan Ivan H. , Wiencko Heather L. , Bernal-Llinares Manuel , Bryan Kenneth , Lynn David J.
Published: July 2016

Highly connected nodes (hubs) in biological networks are topologically important to the structure of the network and have also been shown to be preferentially associated with a range of phenotypes of interest. The relative importance of a hub node, however, can change depending on the biological context. Here, we report a Cytoscape app, the Contextual Hub Analysis Tool (CHAT), which enables users to easily construct and visualize a network of interactions from a gene list of interest, integrate contextual information, such as gene expression data, and identify hub nodes that are more highly connected to contextual nodes (e.g. genes that are differentially expressed) than expected by chance. In a case study, we use CHAT to construct a network of genes that are differentially expressed in Dengue fever, a viral infection. CHAT was used to identify and compare contextual and degree-based hubs in this network. The top 20 degree-based hubs were enriched in pathways related to the cell cycle and cancer, which is likely due to the fact that proteins involved in these processes tend to be highly connected in general. In comparison, the top 20 contextual hubs were enriched in pathways commonly observed in a viral infection including pathways related to the immune response to viral infection. This analysis shows that suchcontextual hubsare considerably more biologically relevant than degree-based hubs and that analyses which rely on the identification of hubs solely based on their connectivity may be biased towards nodes that are highly connected in general rather than in the specific context of interest.

Availability: CHAT is available for Cytoscape 3.0+ and can be installed via the Cytoscape App Store (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/chat).
Book Reviews
Authors: Shen Wenjing
Published: July 2016

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor.

The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 46(4), July–August 2016: Phishing for Phools: The Economics of Manipulation and Deception, George A. Akerlof and Robert J. Shiller; and Applied Probability: Models and Intuition, Arnold I. Barnett.
Catching Falling Knives: Speculating on Liquidity Shocks
Authors: Colliard Jean-Edouard
Published: July 2016

Many market participants invest resources to acquire information about liquidity rather than fundamentals. I show that agents using such information can reduce the magnitude of short-lived pricing errors by trading against liquidity shocks. However, the short-run stabilizing effect of this behavior also makes it more difficult to identify liquidity shocks, a signal-jamming effect that slows down price discovery in the long run. As more agents invest in nonfundamental information, market prices become more resilient to liquidity shocks but also recover more slowly from temporary price deviations.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
O Reino Unido e a Europa integrada, crônica de um matrimônio estranho | The United Kingdom and integrated Europe: chronicle of an odd marriage
Authors: Porto Júnior João Gualberto Marques
Published: July 2016

A relação entre o Reino Unido e os países do continente foi marcada ao longo da história por diversos desencontros e disputas. Não foram poucas as guerras travadas entre os britânicos e outras nações europeias. A própria integração europeia inicia-se sem o Reino Unido que apenas na década de 1960 decidiu integrar as comunidades, sendo durante anos impedido pela Franca de Charles de Gaulle. A adesão tardia em 1973 não minimizou as diferenças, tendo novamente havido tensões na década seguinte durante a gestão Margaret Thatcher. As diferenças do casal estranho continuaram após a criação da União Europeia em 1992 e tiveram na decisão do Brexit apenas o desfecho de uma relação distante e tumultuada.ABSTRACTThe relation between the United Kingdom and the countries from "the continent” has been characterized by several disputes and differences along history. A large number of wars were fought between the British and other European nations. Even the European integration started without the United Kingdom, that only decided to take part in the communities in the sixties, being, however, blocked by de Gaulle’s France. Britain’s late accession to the European Communities in 1973 did not reduce the differences with its European neighbors and several tensions emerged during Margaret Thatcher’s government during the eighties. The differences between the odd couple continued after the creation of the European Union in 1992 and the “Brexit” simply represents the natural outcome of a distant and tumultuous relationship.Palavras-chave: Integração europeia, Reino Unido, BrexitKeywords: European integration, United Kingdom, BrexitDOI: 10.12957/rmi.2015.24641Recebido em 08 de Julho de 2016 / Received on July 8, 2016.
The use of pressure wraps in treating lymphoedema in care
Authors: Everett Jeanne
Published: July 2016

Pressure wraps are a modern alternative to the traditional compression hosiery. Jeanne Everett discusses the various pressure wraps that are on the market, and how they can be used in the treatment of lymphoedema in a residential setting
‘This strange process of typing on a glowing glass screen’: An Interview with Matthew Kirschenbaum
Authors: Portela Manuel
Published: July 2016

Track Changes, by Matthew Kirschenbaum, tells the early history of word processing, roughly situated between 1964—when the IBM Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typewriter (MT/ST) was advertised as a word processing system for offices—and 1984—when the Apple Macintosh generalized the graphical user interface in personal computers. The history of word processing both as technological process and mode of textual production is deeply entangled with the changes in the technologies of writing as they reflect and contribute to efficiency and control in increasingly bureaucratic processes of social administration and organization. The literary history of word processing can be situated within this general computerization of the modes of production of writing. Kirschenbaum’s methods combine archival work in special collections and writers’ archives, oral interviews with writers and engineers, and hands-on descriptions of historical word processing machines. Track Changes is the subject of this interview.
Building Community through a Digital Literature Archive: The Case of Ciberia Project
Authors: Goicoechea María , Sánchez Laura
Published: July 2016

Ciberia Project has emerged around the creation of Ciberia, a digital archive dedicated to digital literature in Spanish, with the purpose of making its contents more widely shared and fostering community building around digital literature. This project in-tends to function as a platform for a community interested and/or specialized in new creative forms of literary publishing, using the Ciberia database as the confluence point and origin of collective interaction, creation and reflection on digital literature and its ramifications in the field of literary publishing. This paper provides a descrip-tion of the digital library Ciberia, and its spin-off, the web platform Ciberia Project, offering a detailed account of their structure and potentialities.
GeoNeoLogical Novel and Other Hybrimedia Experiments: or How to Use Hybrid Methods such as Hybrid Discourse Analysis (HDA) within a Knowledge Base
Authors: Andrade Pedro
Published: July 2016

In this essay I will present some results of the project Public Communication of Art, which developed a seminal theory and methodology intended to cope with hybridity and new media literacy in our globalized and inter/transcultural world. Some of the methods used blend vision with touch and are called ‘hybrid methods’ or ‘hybrimethods’. Examples of these are, for instance, a Multitouch Interactive Table, a Multitouch Questionnaire, Trichotomies Game and GeoNeoLogic Novel, this last one being a hybrid novel activated by fusion of vision, touch and GPS coordinates. Another hybrimethod is a sort of discursive analysis, named Hybrid Discourse Analysis (HDA), which uses ‘semantic-logical networks’ organized by concepts and ‘relation-concepts’. HDA is here articulated with Critical Sociology and applied to the analysis of a text on Magic Realism, which is also a hybrid genre within the social field of literature.
La influencia del discurso sobre cambio social en la agenda de los medios. El caso de la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca
Authors: Alonso-Muñoz Laura , Casero-Ripollés Andreu
Published: July 2016

Los movimientos sociales son uno de los motores del cambio social. Organizaciones como la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH) denuncian injusticias y cuestionan la construcción de significados sociales a través del discurso. Impulsan estrategias de automediación para, especialmente a través de las redes sociales, influir en la agenda mediática y el debate público. Mediante un análisis crítico del discurso cualitativo, nuestro objetivo es conocer si la PAH introduce sus temas y encuadres en la agenda mediática. Los resultados demuestran que este movimiento activista logra condicionar de qué se habla y también cómo se habla, obteniendo una cobertura favorable.
Communication strategies in civil movements: «Marea Blanca», «Marea Verde» and Telemadrid’s mobilization
Authors: Álvarez Ruiz Antón , Núñez Gómez Patricia
Published: July 2016

This article analyses the importance of the communication strategies applied by three significant social movements: Telemadrid workers’ mobilization (Madrid’s public television), the «Marea Blanca» («White Tide»), which grouped up the healthcare professionals, and the «Marea Verde» («Green Tide»), which was done by teachers. These movements are a practical application of the «indignados» («outraged») movement and, following the 15-M steps, they improved these strategies in what refers to communication and mobilization. For this purpose, we carried out two investigations: twelve in-depth interviews with leading members of these social movements; and an online questionnaire passed to strategic planners who are the experts in communication strategies from the advertising agencies.
Las ONG como agentes de transformación social. Del asistencialismo a la movilización
Authors: Baamonde-Silva Xosé , Martínez-Rolán Xabier , Mínguez-González María Isabel
Published: July 2016

Este estudio de caso se centra en la campaña #dereitos365, desarrollada entre diciembre de 2014 y enero de 2015 en Galicia para reclamar una implicación ciudadana durante todo el año y no solo en la época navideña. Partiendo del potencial de las redes sociales e Internet y tomando este caso como referencia, el objetivo de la investigación es profundizar en el papel de las ONG como agentes de transformación social y como promotoras de un diálogo interactivo y multidireccional que implique a los nuevos ciudadanos. Los resultados muestran una campaña marcadamente institucional que busca la movilización y concienciación ciudadana para la construcción de una sociedad más justa y solidaria, generando visibilidad y cierta interactividad a través de mensajes reivindicativos, sobre todo por parte de organizaciones locales, y de un alto contenido multimedia.
Comunicación para la inclusión social de minorías. La Clase Mágica, un modelo de intervención para el cambio social
Authors: Martínez Avidad Mayra , Vásquez Olga A.
Published: July 2016

Las minorías culturales y étnicas son con frecuencia los grupos más desfavorecidos en términos sociales y económicos debido a su falta de representación institucional. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer un modelo de intervención capaz de aumentar el poder de participación de una minoría a través de la comunicación horizontal con otras identidades mayoritarias. Los resultados del estudio de caso del programa socioeducativo La Clase Mágica, para el que se utiliza una metodología eminentemente cuantitativa a partir de cuestionario, demuestran que estos aspectos contribuyen a que los mexicanos de primera y segunda generación en el sur de California desarrollen capacidades clave para el empoderamiento y la inclusión social. Además, el programa impactó en un factor determinante para que una comunidad consiga ganar poder de acción y voz suficiente para influir en las instituciones sociales: los apoyos externos.
Implementation of Harmonised European Transition Altitude (HETA)
Authors: Frei Jiří
Published: July 2016

Since 2010 there has been a noticeable effort to implement harmonized European transition altitude (HETA). This effort resulted in establishing of several working groups. As outputs were proposed three options but no mandatory implementation rules for European countries (resp. air navigation services providers). Nowadays each country evaluates impacts of implementation of one of three proposed solutions and some countries even implement kind of harmonized transition altitude in cooperation with neighboring countries (Slovakia, Hungary and Austria). This article briefly describes the general problem in section I and II. Impacts of all three proposed options by working group on involved subjects such as crew, controllers, but also environment or safety are evaluated. The end of the article describes in details the way of implementation in Slovakia and some case studies related to <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">altimeter setting rules in the area of common interest at the interface between FIR Prague, Bratislava and Vienna.
Safety Study in Aviation
Authors: Štumper Marek , Kraus Jakub
Published: July 2016

The objective of this article is to provide a brief look at safety studies, which are a necessary part of every change of system or a new system in aviation. The main focus is put on the area of air traffic management, because it affects most of the aviation stakeholders. The article begins with a description of safety and safety assessment of changes in systems. Then it discusses analysis of processes, hazard identification and risk assessment. Main part focuses on Safety studies and briefly describes the elements of the study. At the end, possible ways of safety study evaluation are mentioned.
The role of aural and visual landscape perception in patient psychology
İşitsel ve görsel peyzaj algısının hasta psikolojisindeki rolü
Authors: Özdemir Ayşe , Fenkçi Melahat Semin
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study is to determine positive or negative effects of a nature themed indoor atmosphere on anxiety levels of patients in terms of integrity of aural-visual perception during Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (TFNAB) procedure. Within the scope of study, clinic setting where TFNAB procedure was performed within Endocrinology Clinic of a private hospital was determined as study field of sample. The study was conducted with 115 patients (58 in experimental group, 57 in control group) based on voluntariness. While a biopsy was performed on experimental group in the clinic room in which sounds of nature (bird, water, wind, etc.) were used aurally and nature themed photographs (water, plants, and mountain) were used visually, a biopsy was performed to control group in routine clinical setting.As a result of study, it was determined that while using nature-related objects in the context of aural and visual perceptions had a positive effect on patient psychology in the case study of TFNAB procedure, anxiety mean scores significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the procedure compared to pre-procedure. It is thought that this study will make contribution as sample study within the context of considering patient psychology in especially non-operative diagnosis and treatment practices. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı; Tiroid İnce İğne Aspirasyon Biyopsisi (TİİAB) işlemi sırasında, iç mekânda doğa temalı bir atmosfer oluşturulmasını işitsel-görsel algı bütünlüğünde hasta bireylerin kaygı düzeylerine olan olumlu ya da olumsuz etkilerinin belirlenmesidir.Araştırma kapsamında, özel bir hastanenin Endokrinoloji Kliniği bünyesinde TİİAB işleminin gerçekleştirildiği klinik mekân örneklem çalışma alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, gönüllülük esas kapsamında 115 hasta (58 deney grubu, 57 kontrol grubu) ile birlikte yürütülmüştür. Deney grubuna işitsel olarak doğa sesleri (kuş, su, rüzgâr vb. gibi) ve görsel olarak doğa temalı fotoğrafının (su, bitki ve dağ) kullanıldığı klinik odasında biyopsi işlemi yapılırken kontrol grubuna rutin klinik ortamında biyopsi işlemi yapılmıştır.Araştırma sonunda TİİAB örneğinde, işitsel ve görsel algı bağlamda doğa ile ilişkili ögelerin kullanılmasının hasta psikolojisi üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu, kaygı puan ortalamalarının işlem sonrasında işlem öncesine göre anlamlı şekilde azaldığı (p<0.05) belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın özellikle ameliyatsız tanı ve tedavi uygulamalarında hasta psikolojisinin dikkate alınması bağlamında örneklem çalışma olarak katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Analogy and the danger of over-simplifying the past
Authors: Denbow James
Published: July 2016

This is an excellent and tightly written argument against the indiscriminate and essentialist extension of invented anthropological typologies, such as ‘the San’, back into the Pleistocene. While analogical arguments that relate similarities in excavated tools, poisons and so on to the repertoire of items used by extant peoples in order to interpret their function is a common approach in archaeology, as the authors rightly point out, the extension of these analogies to include particular cultural and linguistic forms is ‘a theoretically flawed exercise’.
Modern Families
Authors: Gerber Paula , Lindner Phoebe Irving
Published: July 2016

Same-sex couples are becoming parents in increasing numbers through the use of IVF and alternative insemination, and to a lesser degree through surrogacy and adoption. Often, these couples form their families using a sperm or egg donor whom they know, and with whom they have agreed will also be a parent to the child. In these circumstances, children may have more than two people who are their parents. Birth certificates have not kept pace with these changes in family structures. Although every Australian state and territory allows children with two lesbian mothers to have both mothers registered on their birth certificates, there is no provision allowing for more than two parents to be recorded. This article analyses the purpose of birth certificates, and the domestic and international law relating to these important documents. It considers what other countries are doing to ensure that children in same-sex families can have all their parents recorded on their birth certificates, and concludes with recommendations about how Australia should modernise its birth certificates to allow for the recording of up to four parents.
Unenlightened Self-Interest
Authors: Burnside Julian
Published: July 2016

This article has been adapted from the 4th Michael Kirby Justice Oration, delivered at the College of Law & Justice, Victoria University, Melbourne, on 7 October 2014.
Computational Phenotyping in Psychiatry: A Worked Example
Authors: Schwartenbeck Philipp , Friston Karl
Published: July 2016

Computational psychiatry is a rapidly emerging field that uses model-based quantities to infer the behavioral and neuronal abnormalities that underlie psychopathology. If successful, this approach promises key insights into (pathological) brain function as well as a more mechanistic and quantitative approach to psychiatric nosology—structuring therapeutic interventions and predicting response and relapse. The basic procedure in computational psychiatry is to build a computational model that formalizes a behavioral or neuronal process. Measured behavioral (or neuronal) responses are then used to infer the model parameters of a single subject or a group of subjects. Here, we provide an illustrative overview over this process, starting from the modeling of choice behavior in a specific task, simulating data, and then inverting that model to estimate group effects. Finally, we illustrate cross-validation to assess whether between-subject variables (e.g., diagnosis) can be recovered successfully. Our worked example uses a simple two-step maze task and a model of choice behavior based on (active) inference and Markov decision processes. The procedural steps and routines we illustrate are not restricted to a specific field of research or particular computational model but can, in principle, be applied in many domains of computational psychiatry.
Circle
Authors: Simoni Paolo
Published: July 2016

A concentric intertwining of female perspectives is the subject of this essay, which describes the discovery, preservation, and reuse of the amateur film and video collection belonging to the Togni circus family. The article chronicles a decadelong adventure that led from the discovery of this amateur film collection to the making of Circle (2016), a found footage film recently completed by Valentina Monti. The film is the result of complicated research that involved a composite group of archivists and filmmakers, including many women. Most of the materials reused in the film were originally shot by three women, Christiane Bottinelli, Liliana Casartelli, and Fiorenza Colombo (wives of the Togni brothers), from the 1940s on. Their filmed memories are extraordinary micro-historical documents that grant access to the experiences of women in the highly patriarchal world of the traditional circus.
A Politics of Intimacy
Authors: Dall'Asta Monica , Grespi Barbara , Lischi Sandra , Pravadelli Veronica
Published: July 2016

This conversation with filmmaker Alina Marazzi and editor Ilaria Fraioli took place on April 20, 2012, as part of a conference on found footage cinema at the Arts Department of the University of Bologna. Marazzi and Fraioli were invited to reflect on their work with archival material in films like For One More Hour with You (2002) and We Want Roses Too (2007), by a group of scholars with interests in compilation films, cultural memory, and women's cinema: Monica Dall'Asta, Barbara Grespi, Sandra Lischi, and Veronica Pravadelli.
Male Men1 heterozygous mice exhibit fasting hyperglycemia in the early stage of MEN1
Authors: Gao Zhongxiuzi , Zhang Li , Xie Wenting , Wang Siqi , Bao Xiaorui , Guo Yuli , Zhang Houjian , Hu Qingzhong , Chen Yi , Wang Zeen , Xue Maoqiang , Jin Guanghui
Published: July 2016

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome characterized by multiple tumors in the parathyroid glands, endocrine pancreas and anterior pituitary. Recent clinical studies have revealed a strong association between MEN1 syndrome and the risk of developing diabetes mellitus; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, heterozygous Men1 knockout (Men1+/−) mice were used as MEN1 models to investigate MEN1-associated glucose metabolic phenotypes and mechanisms. Heterozygous deficiency of Men1 in 12-month-old male mice induced fasting hyperglycemia, along with increased serum insulin levels. However, male Men1+/− mice did not show insulin resistance, as evidenced by Akt activation in hepatic tissues and an insulin tolerance test. Increased glucose levels following pyruvate challenge and expression of key gluconeogenic genes suggested increased hepatic glucose output in the male Men1+/− mice. This effect could be partly due to higher basal serum glucagon levels, which resulted from pancreatic islet cell proliferation induced by heterozygous loss of Men1. Taken together, our results indicate that fasted male Men1+/− mice, in the early stage of development of MEN1, display glucose metabolic disorders. These disorders are caused not by direct induction of insulin resistance, but via increased glucagon secretion and the consequent stimulation of hepatic glucose production.
Changes in organic part of the soil and acid-base balance depending on green manure fertilization in podzolized chernozem
Authors: Hospodarenko G. , Lysianskyi O.
Published: July 2016

Aim. To study the changes in the content and stock of organic substances as well as the reaction of the soil en- vironment depending on the impact of different types of fertilization of green-manured fallows. Methods. Field studies were conducted on podzolized heavy loamy chernozem, on loess, in conditions of Right-Bank Forest- Steppe of Ukraine. Experimental design included: sweet clover with the seeding rate of 20 kg/ha, white mustard – 20, oilseed radish – 20, spring vetch – 150, and buckwheat – 150 kg/ha with the following fertilization variants: no fertilizers – control; N 40 ; P 40 K 40 ; N 40 K 40 ; N 40 P 40 ; N 40 P 40 K 40 ; N 80 P 40 K 40 . The content of total carbon and nitrogen were defi ned using Anstett’s method, modifi ed by Ponomariova and Nikolaeva; the content of total humus in the soil prior to sowing winter wheat (the impact of green manure for a year) – according to DSTU 4289:2004, pH of the water extract – according to DSTU ISO 10390:2007. Results. Nitrogen-carbon ratio was in the
range from 11.1 to 11.8 in the biomass of leguminous crops and from 18.8 to 20.7 – in root remains, and its highest value was observed in root remains of Brassicaceae crops – from 28.8 to 34.5 depending on doses and types of mineral fertilizers. Compared to bare fallow, green manure fertilization promotes humus preservation in the soil. The de- crease in the level of humus intension of the soil by 0.01–0.04 % was registered both in the surface and subsurface layers in conditions of bare fallow compared to green-manured fallow. 1.67 t/ha of humus is mineralized in the soil of bare fallow. The transformation of green manure biomass allows accumulating 1.15–2.05 t/ha of humus depending on doses and types of mineral fertilizers. When the Cruciferae family (white mustard and oilseed rad- ish) are used as green manure, the isohumus index is 1.52–1.55, 1.67–1.69 – for the Leguminosae (annual sweet clover and spring vetch), and 1.52–1.60 – for buckwheat, depending on fertilization. The humifi cation coeffi cient for
vegetative biomass of oilseed radish is 0.023, for spring vetch – 0.027, for buckwheat – 0.033, for white mustard – 0.035, and for annual sweet clover – 0.036. The administration of different doses and types of mineral fertilizers conditions the decrease in the coeffi cient of green manure fertilization. Conclusions. The application of green manure both with and without fertilizers compared to bare fallow promotes the preservation of humus content in the soil. The transfer of calcium from lower layers to the arable soil layer, performed by the plant root system in green-manured fallow, decreases active acidity of the soil.
Impact of the biological preparation Extrakon on photosynthetic apparatus, enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes and performance of spring wheat plants in the host-pathogen system
Authors: Guliayeva G. , Tokovenko I. , Pasichnyk L. , Patyka M.
Published: July 2016

Aim. A complex study of the impact of the consortium of humus-forming microorganisms in the composition of the biological preparation Extrakon, introduced into the rhizosphere, on the intact plants and plants, infected with phytopathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and Acholeplasma laid- lawii var. granulum st.118. Methods. Microbiological, physiological and biochemical, biophysical, statistical. The impact of the multifunctional biological preparation Extrakon, introduced into the soil, was studied using physiological and biochemical indices, in particular, catalase and peroxidase activity of tissues and the content of chlorophylls a and b, the photochemical activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and the grain performance of the intact spring wheat plants, Pechernianka cultivar, and plants, infected with phytopathogenic microorgan- isms P. syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and A. laidlawii var. granulum st. 118. Results. The application of the consortium of humus-forming
microorganisms in the composition of the biological preparation Extrakon resulted in registered stabilizing protective impact on the pigment composition of the leaves of spring wheat plants and their photochemical activity, especially when infected with phytopathogenic bacteria. If the wheat plants were in- fected on the background of the introduction of preparation Extrakon into the soil, the losses in grain performance were reduced. Conclusions. The biological preparation Extrakon neutralizes the destructive effect, conditioned by the phytopathogens of species P. syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and A. laidlawii var. granulum st. 118, on the photosynthetic apparatus of the host plant. This impact leads to the increase in the content of pigments in the leaves and induces the development of the resistance to damage in the conditions of the oxidative stress with the increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes activity, especially catalase, in the tissues. This is accompanied with the increase in the
photosynthetic activity of leaves and the grain performance of plants.
The impact of different fertilization systems on content, composition, energy intensity of organic matter in chernozem soil
Authors: Skrylnik Ye.
Published: July 2016

Aim. To determine the regularities of the transformation of quality and quantity composition of humus, its en- ergy intensity at long-term fertilization of soils. Methods. Long-term stationary experiments were conducted on chernozem soils of different granulometric compositions. The analytical work was done in the certifi ed laboratory in accordance with the current normative documents: preliminary treatment of samples for physi- cal and chemical analysis (DSTU ISO 11464); determination of dry substance and humidity by the mass – by the gravimetric method (DSTU ISO 11465). Mass fraction of total carbon was determined by the oxidimetric method (DSTU 4289:2004); humus group composition − by Turin’s method in the modifi cation of Ponomario- va and Plotnikova (DSTU 7828:2015); low heating value of the soil and organic material − by the calorimetric method using В-08-МА set (DSTU 7866:2015); preparations of humic substances were isolated according to DSTU 7606:2014. Results. Long-term fertilization promotes considerable changes in the quality composition of the whole system of humic substances of chernozems of different granulometric compositions. It also has a different impact on the energy accumulation both in the soil and in humic acids (HA). Conclusions. The new formation of HA in typical heavy loamy chernozem with organic and mineral fertilization systems occurs due to the second and third fractions on the background of the decrease in the fi rst and the most mobile fraction of HA. The mobility degree of the whole system of humic substances under the impact of different fertilization systems does not differ from the control considerably; the tendency towards the increase in this index was observed only for the mineral fertilization system. In the organic and mineral fertilization systems, the new formation of HA in typical weak alkali light loamy chernozem occurs due to the fi rst and second fractions. The aggravation of HA structure and the increase in the degree of condensation was registered only for the organic fertilization system. The level of mobility of the whole system of humic substances in this soil is increased compared to the control under the impact of the organic and mineral fertilization systems. A considerable dif- ference in the indices of energy, present in the soil and HA fractions, isolated from this soil, was determined. The maximal amount of energy is in labile forms of HA – in the range of 10.62−15.85 MJ/kg, the smallest amount – in the fractions, tightly connected to the mineral part of the soil (1.47−4.09 MJ/kg). The amount of energy is in direct relationship to the applied agrotechnical means, which is in good agreement with the data on the impact of different fertilization systems on the humic condition of soils.
Role of chromium (III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle
Authors: Iskra R. , Vlizlo V. , Fedoruk R.
Published: July 2016

The results of our studies and the data of modern literature regarding the biological role of Cr(III) compounds in conditions of their application in the nutrition for pigs and cattle are discussed. The metabolic impact of Cr(III), coming from different sources – mineral and organic compounds, obtained by chemical synthesis or a nanotechnological method (chromium citrate), as well as in the form of biocomplexes from the cultural medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts was analyzed. The metabolic connection between the impact of Cr(III) and the biosynthesis of some hormones – insulin, cortisol – as well as the sensitivity of some tissues and organs to the effect of chromium compounds was studied. A considerable part of the review material was dedicated to the metabolic effect of Cr(III) compounds on the reproductive function of pigs and cattle and their impact on the viability of the offspring and gametes of animals. The data about the stimulating effect of Cr(III) on the growth and development of the
organism of piglets and calves, meat and milk performance of these species of animals are discussed. The relevance of dosing Cr(III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle is highlighted.
Agua que no has de beber, déjala correr. Análisis de la controversia sobre la calidad del agua en Bogotá (2012 y el 2013)
Authors: Cervantes García Johanna Alexandra
Published: July 2016

El presente artículo examina la controversia que se generó en torno a la calidad del agua, durante el 2012 y el 2013, en Bogotá, en la que estuvieron involucradas diferentesinstituciones y personalidades del orden distrital y nacional. Esta controversia se analiza a partir de la mirada disciplinar de los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (ESCT),específicamente desde la mirada de las controversias en la esfera pública, que profundiza en las formas de coproducción de sociedad y conocimiento en el debate público. Esta miradaproporciona claves para comprender cómo la ciencia, la tecnología y la sociedad no son esferas interdependientes que se encuentran circunstancialmente, por ejemplo, en losdeterminantes sociales para la producción científica o en los efectos sociales de la tecnología, sino que son ámbitos de acción que se constituyen mutuamente y están presentes en una multiplicidad de lugares de producción, circulación, acreditación y asociación estable de actores y objetos heterogéneos. Si correr significa „dejar fluir un líquido‟ y el refrán, implícitamente, exhorta a no involucrarnos en asuntos que no nos incumben, en este análisis de controversia se propone un ejercicio diametralmente opuesto, tratando de no dejar fluir, sino de capturar un momento, en el que una controversia seposiciona en el debate público. En la primera parte, se establecen los actores que participaron en la controversia y las diferentes posiciones que adoptaron a lo largo del añoque duró. En la segunda parte, se ahonda en el establecimiento del Índice de Riesgo de la Calidad del Agua (IRCA) como un actor no humano que se constituyó en un eje articuladordel conglomerado de relaciones sociotécnicas movilizadas. En la tercera parte, se profundiza en los mecanismos retóricos empleados por los actores más importantes. En lacuarta y quinta parte, se analiza de qué modo el IRCA, los medios y los científicos produjeron la controversia.
Aportes de una sociología de los problemas públicos a la justicia ambiental en América Latina
Authors: Berger Mauricio , Carrizo Cecilia
Published: July 2016

La fecundidad teórica-política de las luchas contra los impactos ambientales, sanitarios, sociales, económicos del denominado neodesarrollismo y neoextractivismo, en América Latina, se encuentra en momentos acuciantes. Entre la diversidad de perspectivas, recuperamos los aportes de una sociología de los problemas públicos para abordar las luchas por la justicia ambiental, básicamente porque la práctica de investigación se promueve como una forma de cooperación reflexiva y democrática entre los afectados ambientales y todos lossujetos inmersos en una estructura de injusticias ambientales. Considerando, principalmente, algunas contribuciones del pragmatismo y de la teoría crítica, daremos cuenta de los rasgos distintivos de una sociología de los problemas públicos. En primer lugar, presentaremos su dimensión epistemológica, ética y política, definida por la activa formación de lo público. Ensegundo lugar, haremos énfasis en la creatividad conceptual, estratégica e institucional de lo público, con ejemplos de situaciones problemáticas que devienen de los impactos ambientales y sanitarios del uso masivo de agrotóxicos en la siembra de un organismo genéticamente modificado (OGM). En tercer lugar, estableceremos un puente entre los aportes de una sociología de los problemas públicos y la justicia ambiental, considerada un campo de pensamiento y acción de la competencia de discursos ambientalistas, en el que el concepto de justicia no se reduce a su administración estatal, sino que remite a una diversidad de prácticas en el espacio público estatal y ciudadano. Estas prácticas denuncian y critican la desigual distribución del riesgo y del daño ambiental, a la vez que promueven creativamente reformas y transformaciones institucionales para la plena vigencia de los derechos y las garantías a la vida, la salud y el ambiente. Una sociología de los problemas públicos pretende así aportar a la comprensión de las luchas por los derechos y el reconocimiento de formas de vida, por la equidad socioambiental y por el derecho a la participación democrática y el amplio ejercicio de la autodeterminación en la construcción de una sociedad con justicia ambiental.