bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamics of PIEZO1 localization controls keratinocyte migration during wound healing
Authors: Holt Jesse R , Zeng Wei-Zheng , Evans Elizabeth L , Woo Seung-Hyun , Ma Shang , Abuwarda Hamid , Loud Meaghan , Patapoutian Ardem , Pathak Medha M
Published: September 2021

Keratinocytes, the predominant cell type of the epidermis, migrate to reinstate the epithelial barrier during wound healing. Mechanical cues are known to regulate keratinocyte re-epithelialization and wound healing; however, the underlying molecular transducers and biophysical mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show through molecular, cellular, and organismal studies that the mechanically activated ion channel PIEZO1 regulates keratinocyte migration and wound healing. Epidermal-specific Piezo1 knockout mice exhibited faster wound closure while gain-of-function mice displayed slower wound closure compared to littermate controls. By imaging the spatiotemporal localization dynamics of endogenous PIEZO1 channels, we find that channel enrichment at some regions of the wound edge induces a localized cellular retraction that slows keratinocyte collective migration. In migrating single keratinocytes, PIEZO1 is enriched at the rear of the cell, where maximal retraction occurs, and we find that chemical activation of PIEZO1 enhances retraction during single as well as collective migration. Our findings uncover novel molecular mechanisms underlying single and collective keratinocyte migration that may suggest a potential pharmacological target for wound treatment. More broadly, we show that nanoscale spatiotemporal dynamics of Piezo1 channels can control tissue-scale events, a finding with implications beyond wound healing to processes as diverse as development, homeostasis, disease, and repair.
Conformational changes in twitchin kinase in vivo revealed by FRET imaging of freely moving C. elegans
Authors: Porto Daniel , Matsunaga Yohei , Franke Barbara , Williams Rhys M , Qadota Hiroshi , Mayans Olga , Benian Guy M , Lu Hang
Published: September 2021

The force-induced unfolding and refolding of proteins is speculated to be a key mechanism in the sensing and transduction of mechanical signals in the living cell. Yet, little evidence has been gathered for its existence in vivo. Prominently, stretch-induced unfolding is postulated to be the activation mechanism of the twitchin/titin family of autoinhibited sarcomeric kinases linked to the mechanical stress response of muscle. To test the occurrence of mechanical kinase activation in living working muscle, we generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing twitchin containing FRET moieties flanking the kinase domain and developed a quantitative technique for extracting FRET signals in freely moving C. elegans, using tracking and simultaneous imaging of animals in three channels (donor fluorescence, acceptor fluorescence, and transmitted light). Computer vision algorithms were used to extract fluorescence signals and muscle contraction states in each frame, in order to obtain fluorescence and body curvature measurements with spatial and temporal precision in vivo. The data revealed statistically significant periodic changes in FRET signals during muscle activity, consistent with a periodic change in the conformation of twitchin kinase. We conclude that stretch-unfolding of twitchin kinase occurs in the active muscle, whereby mechanical activity titrates the signaling pathway of this cytoskeletal kinase. We anticipate that the methods we have developed here could be applied to obtaining in vivo evidence for force-induced conformational changes or elastic behavior of other proteins not only in C. elegans but in other animals in which there is optical transparency (e.g., zebrafish).
Convergent and divergent brain structural and functional abnormalities associated with developmental dyslexia
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Jiang Ke , Li Hui , Wang Ziyi , Perkins Kyle , Cao Fan
Published: September 2021

Brain abnormalities in the reading network have been repeatedly reported in individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD); however, it is still not totally understood where the structural and functional abnormalities are consistent/inconsistent across languages. In the current multimodal meta-analysis, we found convergent structural and functional alterations in the left superior temporal gyrus across languages, suggesting a neural signature of DD. We found greater reduction in grey matter volume and brain activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in morpho-syllabic languages (e.g. Chinese) than in alphabetic languages, and greater reduction in brain activation in the left middle temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus in alphabetic languages than in morpho-syllabic languages. These language differences are explained as consequences of being DD while learning a specific language. In addition, we also found brain regions that showed increased grey matter volume and brain activation, presumably suggesting compensations and brain regions that showed inconsistent alterations in brain structure and function. Our study provides important insights about the etiology of DD from a cross-linguistic perspective with considerations of consistency/inconsistency between structural and functional alterations.
Efficacy of krill oil versus fish oil on obesity-related parameters and lipid gene expression in rats: randomized controlled study
Authors: Aydin Cil Mevra , Ghosi Ghareaghaji Atena , Bayir Yasin , Buyuktuncer Zehra , Besler Halit Tanju
Published: September 2021

Backround

This study aimed to determine the effects of LC n-3 PUFA supplementation on the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and to compare the efficiency of different LC n-3 PUFA sources via biochemical and genetic mechanisms in rats.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were randomized into four study groups, and fed with a standard diet, High Fat Diet (HFD), HFD+%2.5 Fish Oil (FO-HFD) or HFD+%2.5 Krill Oil (KO-HFD) for eight weeks. Food consumption, weight gain, serum glucose, insulin, ghrelin and leptin concentrations, lipid profile, liver fatty acid composition, and FADS1 and FADS2 mRNA gene expression levels were measured.

Results

Weight gain in each HFD group was significantly higher than control group (p < 0.001), without any differences among them (p < 0.05). LC n-3 PUFAs modified lipid profile, but not glucose tolerance. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in HFD groups than in the control group, however, no difference in serum ghrelin levels was observed among the groups. Liver n-3 fatty acid desaturation activity was higher (p = 0.74), and liver total lipid content was lower (p = 0.86) in KO-HFD compared to FO-HFD. FADS1 gene expression was highest in the HFD group (p < 0.001) while FADS2 gene expression was highest in the FO-HFD group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

LC n-3 PUFAs, especially krill oil, had moderate effects on lipid profile, but limited effects on obesity related parameters, suggesting different effects of different sources on gene expression levels. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy of different LC n-3 PUFA sources in the prevention and treatment of obesity in humans.
Preparation of Herbal Products (Brahmi, Ashwagandha and Curcumin) Using Plant Extract to Cure Dementia Patients
Authors: Verma Shreya , Mishra Sunita
Published: September 2021

Memory Loss (Dementia) and Human health is an important issue in elderly people. No one can stay safe without eating herbal and healthy food. The demand of herbal food product is increasing day by day. product is round shape product that is placed in sweet’s category. There are several type of material that is used for preparation of product. Nutritional and medicinal qualities of product can be enriched by addition of ingredients such as herbal and medicinal plant extract. Herbal inclusion not only gives medicinal qualities but can also give new flavor to the product. Brahmi, Ashwagandha and curcumin is valued herbs are used in ayurveda medicine and such was used and cultivated from long periods in India. It possess therapeutic value against a large number of ailments such as brain/Dementia diseases, asthma, inflammation, arthritis rheumatism, tuberculosis, infections, fever, diseases including cancer. Brahmi, Ashwagandha and curcumin powder was incorporated directly with other ingredients of Product. It is helpful in curing the Dementia disease. It decreases anxiety and boosts mood and also has anti-aging power. The result of the analysis and test show that the incorporation of Brahmi, Ashwagandha and curcumin is found to be most acceptable to obtain herbal product with improved nutritional quality and satisfactory sensory attributes. In present study the efforts are made towards the nourishment of herbal product with herbal extract. All three members of panelist were given average score between 7 to 8 points for flavor, color, body & texture and Overall acceptability and with all parameters and shelf life of herbal product was found 30 days.
Contribution to the Development of a Tool for Deciphering the Message Conveyed by Marks for Better Support of Learners in Competance Based Approach: Case Study of Cameroon
Authors: Jean Christophe Fopoussi Tuebue
Published: September 2021

The present study aims to provide a tool capable to ease the deciphering of the message bore in watermark by marks. Its achievement was facilitated by investigations from the field. General knowledge and their mobilization constitute the major focus of evaluations in Cameroon. They are separately marked over 10, for a final mark over 20. The vague perception of the message conveyed by marks considerably shuffles the student’s assistance. The matrix of FOPOUSSI TUEBUE appears then as a major contribution because of its capability to orientate the choice of actions to be carried out in response to particular difficulties faced by learners.
Aorto-pulmonary Window, a Rare Congenital Heart Disease: Case Report
Authors: Lakhrissi M. , Ayad A. , Kmari M. , Ourrai A. , Hassani A. , Abilkassem R. , Agadr A.
Published: September 2021

Aortopulmonary window (APW) is an uncommon congenital cardiac malformation, accounting for 0.1% of all congenital cardiac diseases. It is a defect between the ascending aorta and the trunk of the pulmonary artery. Such abnormality may occur as an isolated lesion or it can be associated with other cardiac abnormalities in one third to one half of cases. Clinical and hemodynamic presentation of this condition depends on the size of the defect and on the associated lesions. It is usually fatal in infancy or childhood if untreated with the development of irreversible pulmonary hypertension. Once the diagnosis is made, surgery must be performed quickly to avoid irreversible pulmonary vascular disease. We report the case of a 5-month-old infant with APW who was referred to our center by respiratory symptoms and heart murmurs.
Reinterpreting Psychoneurosis to Ascertain Mass Pathology in Civilized Society
Authors: Sandhu Tarika
Published: September 2021

During the psychoanalytic discovery and investigation of Psychoneurosis, theoretical scaffoldings offered by Freudian theory were expansive and rich but still incomplete. Amongst the Neo–Freudians, Fromm began unearthing the psychopathology of the society under the heavy influence of Marx. Fromm remarked that the grown-up patient was not a child but an alienated adult who was seen as the neurotic. Feelings of inadequacy, worthlessness and inhibition occurred because the patient did not experience himself as the subject and originator of his own acts and experiences. Alienation had thus caused the neuroses to occur. Ushering in ‘spiritual liberation’ along with complete change of the ‘economic social constellation’ for Fromm were the necessary prerequisites before envisioning a cure of societal pathologies rooted in the contemporary mode of production. Freud on the other hand was sceptical about the application of psychoanalysis to civilization. He ringed in caution to the application of systems of knowledge developed at the individual level when projected to more global levels. Diagnosis of a “collective neurosis” would be tedious since no starting point associated with its development could emerge as the fixation point. Another hurdle that needed to be addressed according to Freud was that even if a substantial system of knowledge did take shape its implementation would be a herculean task. It would take great skill and courage to compel a community to become aware of its blind spots and become available to therapy. Thus, the growth and development of Psychoneurosis had charted a trajectory from the unexplored abysmal depths of the psyche to the more gross levels of societal productions. This paper attempts to establish links between the classic concept of Psychoneurosis and the larger gamut of modern-day society’s psychic reflections.
Analysis of Climate Change and Sustainable Development in Peru and Its Departments during the Year 2006 - 2018
Authors: Villarroel Diaz Vladimir , Révolo Acevedo Ronald , Quezada Uriel Quispe , Delgadillo Elvis Carmen , Llacua Joel Colonio , Quispe Reymundo Bimael Justo
Published: September 2021

Aims: Analyze and relate the general index of climate change and sustainable development of Peru and its departments during the year 2006 - 2018.

Study Design:  The research is not intended to deliberately manipulate the variables, therefore, it is non-experimental; is descriptive, correlational and longitudinal.

Place and Duration of Study: The research project was carried out in the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences of the UNCP, likewise the collection of information data was carried out during 2020 and 2021, due to the Covid19 pandemic.

Methodology: Two economic data, four social data and five environmental data were selected, in addition climatic data of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature of the 24 departments of Peru were collected during the years 2006 - 2018; To estimate the climatic and sustainable indices, the Prescott-Allen methodology was applied, the interpretation and assessment scale (climate change and sustainable development) was carried out using the barometric analysis of McCarthy. Five regression models were applied [dependent variable GISD; independent variable IGCC], hypothesis testing was performed using Karl Pearson's r coefficient and p-value at 0.05.

Results: It is stated that Peru presents an economic sustainable index [EcSI] of 0.066 low, social sustainability [SoSI]: 0.225 medium, environmental sustainability [EnSI]: 0.282 high and general index of sustainable development [GISD] is 0.572 medium. In itself the climate index of precipitation is [CPrI]: 0.079 weak, the climate index maximum temperature [CTxI]: 0.251 severe, climate index minimum temperature [CTnI]: 0.138 weak and the general index of climate change [GICC] is 0.468 moderate. Two appropriate regression models [linear and exponential] were determined to estimate the GISD as a function of the GICC, CPrI, CTxI and CTnI.

Conclusion: It was found that during the year 2006 to 2018 Peru presented a low economic, social medium, high environmental situation and therefore its sustainable development is in a medium situation; while precipitation is weak, severe maximum temperature, weak minimum temperature, and therefore, climate change has a moderate impact. Likewise, it is stated that there are two linear and exponential regression models to estimate the GISD based on the GICC, CPrI, CTxI and CTnI. It is recommended to collect more climatic data and economic indicators to be able to differentiate the economic and climatic situation that Peru and departments represent during its thirteen years of development.
Application of Digital Technologies for the Next Level of Agriculture Growth and Transformation under Changing the Indian Agriculture: A Critical Review
Authors: Naresh R. K. , Kumar Sunil , Chandra M. Sharath , Pathak Shakti Om , Gupta S. K. , Gawdiya Sandeep , Singh Pradeep Kumar
Published: September 2021

The rapid population growth has driven the demand for more food, fiber, energy, and water, which is associated to an increase in the need to use natural resources in a more sustainable way. The growing connectivity in the rural environment, in addition to its greater integration with data from sensor systems, remote sensors, equipment, and smart-phones have paved the way for new concepts from the so-called digital agriculture. The information that crops offer is turned into profitable decisions only when efficiently managed. Current advances in data management are making Smart Farming grow exponentially as data have become the key element in modern agriculture to help producers with critical decision-making. Valuable advantages appear with objective information acquired through sensors with the aim of maximizing productivity and sustainability. These kind of data-based managed farms rely on data that can increase efficiency by avoiding the misuse of resources and the pollution of the environment. Data-driven agriculture, with the help of robotic solutions incorporating artificial intelligent techniques, sets the grounds for the sustainable agriculture of the future. Digital agriculture offers far-reaching opportunities for accelerating agricultural transformation. Although there are concerns that digital agriculture will enhance the market power of large agribusiness enterprises and increase the digital divide, a combination of new actors and public action can help accelerate the supply of digital agricultural technology, manage threats of market concentration, and harness the opportunities of digital agriculture for all.

The agriculture industry has radically transformed over the past 50 years. Advances in machinery have expanded the scale, speed, and productivity of farm equipment, leading to more efficient cultivation of more land. Seed, irrigation, and fertilizers also have vastly improved, helping farmers increase yields. Now, agriculture is in the early days of yet another revolution, at the heart of which lie data and connectivity. Artificial intelligence, analytics, connected sensors, and other emerging technologies could further increase yields, improve the efficiency of water and other inputs, and build sustainability and resilience across crop cultivation and animal husbandry. This paper reviews the current status of advanced farm management systems by revisiting each crucial step, from data acquisition in crop fields to variable rate applications, so that growers can make optimized decisions to save money while protecting the environment and transforming how food will be produced to sustainably match the forthcoming population growth.
Effect of Floral Preservatives and Growth Regulators on Post Harvest Life of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. American Beauty
Authors: Angel Y. , Kumar A. Vignesh
Published: September 2021

A Postharvest experiment was conducted to maximize the vase life of gladiolus using different preservative solution in department of Horticulture, Kalasalingam School of Agriculture and Horticulture. In this experiment the treatment consisted of two preservative chemicals and two growth regulators viz., 8-Hydroxy quinoline sulphate @ 300 ppm Silver nitrate @ 50 ppm, Benzyl adenine @ 20,40,60 ppm and Gibberlic acid @ 10,25,40 ppm along with sucrose @ 4 per cent with distilled water as control. The results of this experiment revealed that the maximum water uptake, transpirational loss of water, water balance, fresh weight change, percentage of opened florets, floret diameter, longevity of floret, vase life was recorded in T2 (8-HQS @ 300 ppm + sucrose 4% + BA @ 40 ppm), when compared to control. Some parameters like optical density of vase solution, days taken for the basal floret to open in vase and the percentage of wilted florets were observed least in T2 (8-HQS @ 300 ppm + sucrose 4% + BA @ 40 ppm). T5 (8-HQS @ 300 ppm + Sucrose 4% + BA @ 40 ppm) solution was found best to extend the vase life of gladiolus.
Bouguer Anomaly of Geothermal Reservoir at Tiris Area, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Siombone Salman Hamja , Maryanto Sukir , Wiyono .
Published: September 2021

Research related to the geothermal system in the Tiris geothermal area (TGA) Probolinggo Regency has been conducted using the gravity method. This study aims to investigate the subsurface structure, with a target on estimating geothermal reservoir rocks from the study area. This study utilized the Gravity meter La Coste & Romberg type G-1503 on 116 acquisition points in an area of 2.16 km2, covering all geothermal manifestation points in TGA. The gravity measurement data obtained is then processed through gravity corrections, which include: conversion into milli-Gals (mGal) units, tidal correction, drift correction, latitude correction, free air correction, Bouguer correction, and terrain correction. These corrections to obtain a complete Bouguer anomaly (CBA) value. The study area shows the CBA value on a horizontal plane which ranges from 0.1 mGal to 4.2 mGal. The separation of the regional and residual Bouguer anomaly from the CBA on a horizontal plane employed the Moving Average method through spectrum analysis. The value of residual Bouguer anomaly ranges from -0.7 mGal to 2.7 mGal. The low anomalies are scattered in the northwest, and a small number are spread in the northeast and southeast, while the high anomalies are in the middle of the study area. The result of 3D inversion modeling finds that the study area's subsurface structure consists of four rock layers, namely lapilli tuff, tuffaceous breccia, volcanic breccia, and basalt. Volcanic breccia is approximated as geothermal reservoir rocks at a depth of 700 to 1000 meters below the acquisition point. In contrast, basalt is supposed to be intrusive igneous rock because it tends to break through the surface at a depth of 348 to 350 meters below the acquisition point. The presence of these intrusive rocks can be predicted through spectrum analysis result, which shows a regional anomaly source at a depth of 348 meters below the acquisition point. This intrusion rock is suspected to be a heat source rock in the geothermal system in the study area.
JAX, THE ARCHITECTURE: Designing a Chatboat Architecture to Reduce Ajax Fancare’s Logistical Problem and Enhance Fan Experience
Authors: Limandjaja Steven
Published: September 2021

This paper is the documentation of a graduation internship at Digital Society School (DSS) in which they teamed up with Ajax Fancare to solve their logistical problem and enhance the fan experience. Ajax Fancare is facing a logistical problem in manually answering every fan’s question via calls, emails, social media, or live chat. They believe that chatbot is the solution to this problem. The goal of this project is to research, design, and prototype a chatbot that could tackle the logistical problem and enhance the fan experience. The deliverable is a chatbot prototype and architecture in which Ajax Fancare could build upon for their future customer service chatbot. The main question of the research is answered by the chatbot architecture: Jax the Architecture, a conversational tree of all the possible interactions between a user and the chatbot. The final chatbot architecture answers the research question by mapping together the main elements of the chatbot such as the information fans needed from Ajax Fancare and additional features that create a new and inclusive experience. The prototypes and final chatbot architecture are ready to be tested for further research and serve as a cornerstone for future development of the Ajax Fancare chatbot.
DaVinci Academie’s Travel Journey Visual Design
Authors: Handojo Angelina Patricia
Published: September 2021

DaVinci is an educational company that has two backing departments. One is aimed at children, namely DaVinci Publisher, and the other is for adults, namely DaVinci Academie. DaVinci Publisher is a department that offers education methods for children, and its vision is to develop kids with their educational products and materials about a way of thinking and learning. DaVinci Publisher has already gotten products to support children’s education from the design of the visuals and supporting media like textbooks, workbooks, binders, etc. However, DaVinci Academie still has nothing to support the education for adults and its target audiences who consist of directors, manager teachers, etc., and do not know about the messages that it carries. Finding the requirements to produce a suitable design of the visuals and the supporting media are needed to support the messages within a travel journey concept given by DaVinci Academie.
The study of the practice of growing food at home in the UAE: role in household food security & wellbeing and implication for the development of urban agriculture
Authors: Degefa Berhanu , Albedwawi Asma Mutawa Mohammed , Alazeezib Mariam Sultan
Published: September 2021

Home-grown food products are getting more and more prominence around the world owing to many factors including the increasing demand for fresh food materials, consumers’ awareness of food-health nexus, and the increasing public awareness of environmental impacts of food production at home and resource-saving, and others. The main objective of this study is to assess the nature of the homestead food production system in the UAE and determine its significance for household food security and identify the factors that affect households’ engagement in food production at home. Primary data was collected through reconnaissance in communities, online survey, and face-to-face interviews. The findings show that 88% of a sample of households (N = 196) interviewed produce various food products in homestead gardens. Home-grown food products are fruits, vegetables, spices, eggs, and small ruminants. The use of modern production methods like hydroponics and aquaponics is still uncommon. The sample households produce on average 21 kg of fruits and vegetables, 26 kg of mutton per month, and 30 pieces of eggs per week. The home-grown food products are mainly used for home consumption; some part is given to relatives and friends. Reasons for producing food at home include the need for self-sufficiency, reduce food purchase expenses, environmental awareness, the food being healthy, and as a hobby. The majority of the sample households would see continue producing in the future. Many factors influence the household's decision to grow food products in their homestead. Among these, availability of space, environmental awareness, availability of farmworkers, the need to reduce food purchase bills, and knowledge of home-grown food safety requirements. Analysis of the logistic model reveals that households who have not enough garden space are less likely to practice while those who consider reduction of food purchase expense, have environmental awareness, are able to hire workers for garden activities, and have knowledge of home garden food production tend to have a high likelihood of practicing homestead production. This study concludes that homestead food production is important for the urban households in the UAE and has a potential to be a basis for the development of urban agriculture. It needs more public awareness raising about its importance, technical support in demonstration of best practices and use of modern technologies (like a mini hydroponics and aquaponics), the food safety requirements of homestead based for products.
Mapping and validation of markers linked to Rf gene in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var grossum)
Authors: Nalla Manoj Kumar , Sharma Vinod Kumar , Sharma Vinukonda Rakesh
Published: September 2021

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), is the most valuable system in commercial hybrid seed production in hot pepper. Whereas in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var grossum), the unavailability of a stable restorer’s line is one of the major constraints in commercial hybrid breeding. Identifying the markers linked to CMS and nuclear restorer-of-fertility (Rf) genes will help in the production of CMS hybrids in sweet pepper. In the present study, we identified seven markers co-segregating with Rf genes using bulk segregating analysis (BSA) on the F2 Rf-segregating mapping population. Among these, the CRF-SCAR marker proved to be linked to the fertility restorer gene and it could be used for screening of genotypes to identify restorers and non-restorer lines in future Capsicum breeding programs and help in the establishment of CMS system for commercial hybrid seed production.
Representation of mothers about the condition of having a child with cancer / Representação de mães sobre a condição de ter um filho com câncer
Authors: Bomfim Eliane dos Santos , Oliveira Bruno Gonçalves de , Ribeiro Bárbara Santos , Boery Eduardo Nagib , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: apreender as representações sociais de mães sobre a condição de ter um filho com câncer. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentado no referencial Teórico das Representações Sociais. Realizada em uma Unidade de Tratamento Oncológico, com 19 mães de criança com diagnóstico de câncer, através da técnica projetiva desenho-estória com Temae a entrevista semiestruturada, em janeiro a março de 2016. Resultados: após análise dos dados oriundos das entrevistas e da técnica de DET, emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: Impacto do câncer infantil; e processo de enfrentamentos de mães ao filho com câncer, sendo que esta última categoria se desdobrou em duas subcategorias: A espiritualidade no processo de enfrentamento da doença; e Apoio familiar e social no processo da doença. Conclusão: as representações sociais das mães mostraram que o enfrentamento ao filho com câncer são influenciados pelo processo saúde-doença de seus filhos, mudanças e enfrentamentos que modificam seus universos conceituais e orientam quanto suas condutas.
An Amorphous Peri‐Implant Ligament with Combined Osteointegration and Energy‐Dissipation
Authors: Hou Junyu , Xiao Zuohui , Liu Zengqian , Zhao Hewei , Zhu Yankun , Guo Lin , Zhang Zhefeng , Ritchie Robert O. , Wei Yan , Deng Xuliang
Published: September 2021

Progress toward developing metal implants as permanent hard‐tissue substitutes requires both osteointegration to achieve load‐bearing support, and energy‐dissipation to prevent overload‐induced bone resorption. However, in existing implants these two properties can only be achieved separately. Optimized by natural evolution, tooth‐periodontal‐ligaments with fiber‐bundle structures can efficiently orchestrate load‐bearing and energy dissipation, which make tooth–bone complexes survive extremely high occlusion loads (>300 N) for prolonged lifetimes. Here, a bioinspired peri‐implant ligament with simultaneously enhanced osteointegration and energy‐dissipation is presented, which is based on the periodontium‐mimetic architecture of a polymer‐infiltrated, amorphous, titania nanotube array. The artificial ligament not only provides exceptional osteoinductivity owing to its nanotopography and beneficial ingredients, but also produces periodontium‐similar energy dissipation due to the complexity of the force transmission modes and interface sliding. The ligament increases bone–implant contact by more than 18% and simultaneously reduces the effective stress transfer from implant to peri‐implant bone by ≈30% as compared to titanium implants, which as far as is known has not previously been achieved. It is anticipated that the concept of an artificial ligament will open new possibilities for developing high‐performance implanted materials with increased lifespans.
High‐Performance Piezo‐Electrocatalytic Sensing of Ascorbic Acid with Nanostructured Wurtzite Zinc Oxide
Authors: Liu Nianzu , Wang Ruoxing , Gao Shengjie , Zhang Ruifang , Fan Fengru , Ma Yihui , Luo Xiliang , Ding Dong , Wu Wenzhuo
Published: September 2021

Nanostructured piezoelectric semiconductors offer unprecedented opportunities for high‐performance sensing in numerous catalytic processes of biomedical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural interests, leveraging piezocatalysis that enhances the catalytic efficiency with the strain‐induced piezoelectric field. Here, a cost‐efficient, high‐performance piezo‐electrocatalytic sensor for detecting l‐ascorbic acid (AA), a critical chemical for many organisms, metabolic processes, and medical treatments, is designed and demonstrated. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and nanosheets are prepared to characterize and compare their efficacy for the piezo‐electrocatalysis of AA. The electrocatalytic efficacy of AA is significantly boosted by the piezoelectric polarization induced in the nanostructured semiconducting ZnO catalysts. The charge transfer between the strained ZnO nanostructures and AA is elucidated to reveal the mechanism for the related piezo‐electrocatalytic process. The low‐temperature synthesis of high‐quality ZnO nanostructures allows low‐cost, scalable production, and integration directly into wearable electrocatalytic sensors whose performance can be boosted by otherwise wasted mechanical energy from the working environment, for example, human‐generated mechanical signals.
Semi‐Synthetic Chlorophyll‐Carotenoid Dyad for Dye‐Sensitized Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Yanxiang , Li Yuanlin , Chen Gang , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Fujii Ritsuko , Yamano Yumiko , Kitao Osamu , Nakamura Takashi , Sasaki Shin‐ichi
Published: September 2021

A chlorin‐carotenoid dyad Dyad‐COOH possessing a C32‐carboxylic acid group and a carotenoid moiety at the terminal end of C17‐substituent is synthesized from naturally occurring chlorophyll‐a as a new sensitizer for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE). Under the same experimental conditions, a maximum turnover number (TON) of PHE based on Dyad‐COOH/Pt/TiO2 is much higher than those of Pt/TiO2‐based photocatalysts sensitized by the corresponding chlorin carboxylic acid (Chl‐COOH) without carotenoid side chain, sole carotenoic acid (Car‐COOH), or their 1:1 (mol/mol) mixture. By co‐adsorbing different types of carboxylic acid, the TON of Chl‐COOH is found to be increased probably due to the suppression of chlorin aggregates on the TiO2 surface. The Dyad‐COOH/Pt/TiO2 exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance with the hydrogen evolution of 9147 µmol g−1 h−1 with TON of 425 when 43 µmol g−1 of dye is loaded on the Pt/TiO2 catalyst, while a better TON of 556 is achieved by preparing the photocatalyst with 10 µmol g−1 of Dyad‐COOH. This study provides new ideas for utilizing traditional photosynthetic dyes to a low‐cost and highly‐efficient photosensitizer for PHE.
Handwritten and Sustainable Electronic Logic Circuits with Fully Printed Paper Transistors
Authors: Cunha Inês , Martins Jorge , Bahubalindruni Pydi Ganga , Carvalho José Tiago , Rodrigues João , Rubin Sabrina , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Pereira Luís
Published: September 2021

Printed electronics answers to the emerging trend of using truly inexpensive and easily accessible techniques to design and fabricate low‐cost and recyclable flexible electronic components. Nevertheless, printing of inorganic semiconductor materials arises some barriers for flexible electronics, as they usually may require high annealing temperatures to enhance their electronic performances, which are not compatible with paper. Here, the formulation of a water‐based, screen‐printable ink loaded with zinc oxide nanoparticles that does not require any sintering process is reported. The ink is used to create the channel in fully printed electrolyte‐gated transistors on paper, gated by a cellulose‐based ionic conductive sticker. The high conformability of the electrolyte‐sticker mitigates the effect of the surface roughness of the channel, yielding transistors that operate under low voltage (<2.5 V) with a current modulation above 104 and μSat ≈ 22 cm2 V−1 s−1. These devices operate even under moderate outward bending conditions. The screen‐printed transistors are readily integrated in “universal” logic gates (NOR and NAND) by using ubiquitous calligraphy accessories for patterning of conductive paths and graphitic load resistances. This demonstrates the manufacturing of reliable and recyclable cellulose‐based iontronic circuits with low power consumption, paving the way to a new era of sustainable “green” electronics.
A Liquid Crystal Elastomer‐Based Unprecedented Two‐Way Shape‐Memory Aerogel
Authors: Wang Meng , Song Ying , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Yang Jian‐Feng , Liu Li , Yang Hong , Li Quan
Published: September 2021

With the advantage of reversible shape‐morphing between two different permanent shapes under external stimuli, the two‐way shape‐memory aerogel is expected to become a preferred aerogel for developing practical applications in actuators, sensors, robotics, and more. Herein, the first two‐way shape‐memory liquid crystal elastomer (LCE)‐based aerogel is prepared by an orthogonal heat and light curing strategy coupled with an intermediate mechanical stretching step. The differential scanning calorimetry, temperature‐varied wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and polarizing optical microscope results indicate that the aerogel possesses a liquid crystal phase and the insider mesogens are well‐oriented along the stretching direction. In addition to having superior compressibility and excellent shape stability, this LCE‐based aerogel can perform a reversible shape deformation during the heating/cooling cycles with a shrinkage ratio of 37%. The work, that is disclosed here, realizes a truly two‐way shape‐memory behavior rather than the one‐way shape deformation of traditional polymer aerogel materials, and may promote potential applications of this novel LCE‐based aerogel material in control devices, soft actuators, and beyond.
Soil salt balance in a cotton field under drip irrigation and subsurface pipe drainage systems
Authors: Heng Tong , Feng Gary , Yang Li‐Li , He Xin‐Lin , Yang Guang , Li Fa‐Dong , Xu Xuan , Feng Yue
Published: September 2021

Soil salinization is a vital factor limiting crop yield in dryland oasis cropland. A film‐mulched drip irrigation and subsurface pipe drainage (MDI‐SPD) system has been proved to be highly efficient at mitigating salination globally. However, the soil salt balance in time and spatial dimension is unclear in this system. A MDI‐SPD experiment was conducted for 4 yr (2015–2019) in a field in Manas River Basin, western China. The subsurface drainage pipes were installed at a depth of 1 m with a space of 15 m. Three long‐term observation points were set at 0, 5, and 7.5 m horizontal from the subsurface pipe and served as long‐term observation points in 0‐to‐20‐, 60‐to‐80‐, and 180‐to‐200‐cm soil layers. Results after 4 yr indicated that the total salt output in the irrigated area was 260 t, with 103 t of salt drained by the subsurface pipe (40% of the total salt output in the irrigation area), and the seed cotton yield increased by 52%. Soil salt balance indicated desalination. The electrical conductivity (EC) of subsurface pipe drainage was positively correlated with drainage flow and salt discharge and negatively correlated with drainage discharge and time (P < .05). If salt leaching stops, soil EC at the 0‐to‐200‐cm depth could reach 15 dS m–1 in 8 yr. Thus, two or three uses of MDI‐SPD measures in the next 8 yr should suffice to maintain the soil salt at a low concentration. An increase in shaft drainage would also reduce the deep seepage of salt.
Novel characterization of the multivariate genetic architecture of internalizing psychopathology and alcohol use
Authors: Colbert Sarah M. C. , Funkhouser Scott A. , Johnson Emma C. , Morrison Claire L. , Hoeffer Charles A. , Friedman Naomi P. , Ehringer Marissa A. , Evans Luke M.
Published: September 2021

Genetic correlations suggest that the genetic relationship of alcohol use with internalizing psychopathology depends on the measure of alcohol use. Problematic alcohol use (PAU) is positively genetically correlated with internalizing psychopathology, whereas alcohol consumption ranges from not significantly correlated to moderately negatively correlated with internalizing psychopathology. To explore these different genetic relationships of internalizing psychopathology with alcohol use, we performed a multivariate genome‐wide association study of four correlated factors (internalizing psychopathology, PAU, quantity of alcohol consumption, and frequency of alcohol consumption) and then assessed genome‐wide and local genetic covariance between these factors. We identified 14 significant regions of local, largely positive, genetic covariance between PAU and internalizing psychopathology and 12 regions of significant local genetic covariance (including both positive and negative genetic covariance) between consumption factors and internalizing psychopathology. Partitioned genetic covariance among functional annotations suggested that brain tissues contribute significantly to positive genetic covariance between internalizing psychopathology and PAU but not to the genetic covariance between internalizing psychopathology and quantity or frequency of alcohol consumption. We hypothesize that genome‐wide genetic correlations between alcohol use and psychiatric traits may not capture the more complex shared or divergent genetic architectures at the locus or tissue specific level. This study highlights the complexity of genetic architectures of alcohol use and internalizing psychopathology, and the differing shared genetics of internalizing disorders with PAU compared to consumption.
High‐Energy Neutrinos from the Cosmos
Authors: Halzen Francis
Published: September 2021

The IceCube project transformed a cubic kilometer of transparent natural Antarctic ice into a Cherenkov detector. It discovered PeV‐energy neutrinos originating beyond our galaxy with an energy flux that is comparable to that of GeV‐energy gamma rays and EeV‐energy cosmic rays. These neutrinos provide the only unobstructed view of the cosmic accelerators that power the highest energy radiation reaching us from the universe. The results from IceCube's first decade of operations, foremost the measurement of the diffuse neutrino flux from the universe using multiple techniques is reviewed. The multimessenger data that identified the supermassive black hole TXS 0506+056 as a source of cosmic neutrinos is subsequently reviewed and attention is drawn to accumulating indications that cosmic neutrinos are associated with gamma‐ray‐obscured active galaxies, that is, the energy in gamma rays that accompanies cosmic neutrinos emerges at MeV energies, or below. Reaching beyond 10 PeV energy, cosmic neutrinos provide a natural beam to study neutrinos themselves.
Superfast and Water‐Insensitive Polymerization on α‐Amino Acid N‐Carboxyanhydrides to Prepare Polypeptides Using Tetraalkylammonium Carboxylate as the Initiator
Authors: Wu Yueming , Chen Kang , Wu Xue , Liu Longqiang , Zhang Weiwei , Ding Yun , Liu Shiqi , Zhou Min , Shao Ning , Ji Zhemin , Chen Jiacheng , Zhu Minghui , Liu Runhui
Published: September 2021

We design the tetraalkylammonium carboxylate‐initiated superfast polymerization on α‐amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCA) for efficient synthesis of polypeptides. Carboxylates, as a new class of initiator for NCA polymerization, can initiate the superfast NCA polymerization without the need of extra catalysts and the polymerization can be operated in open vessels at ambient condition without the use of glove box. Tetraalkylammonium carboxylate‐initiated polymerization on NCA easily affords block copolymers with at least 15 blocks. Moreover, this method avoids tedious purification steps and enables direct polymerization on crude NCAs in aqueous environments to prepare polypeptides and one‐pot synthesis of polypeptide nanoparticles. These advantages and the mild polymerization condition of tetraalkylammonium carboxylate‐initiated NCA polymerization imply its great potential in functional exploration and application of polypeptides.
Multifunctional Deformable Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals
Authors: Karothu Durga Prasad , Dushaq Ghada , Ahmed Ejaz , Catalano Luca , Rasras Mahmoud , Naumov Panče
Published: September 2021

We report the first organic semiconductor crystal with a unique combination of properties that can be used as a multifunctional optoelectronic device. Mechanically flexible single crystals of 9,10‐bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) can function as a phototransistor, photoswitch, and an optical waveguide. The material can exist as two structurally different solid phases, with single crystals of one of the phases being elastic at room temperature while those of the other are brittle and become plastic at higher temperature. The output and transfer characteristics of the devices were characterized by measuring the generation and temporal response of the switching of the photogenerated current. The current–voltage characteristics of both phases exhibit linearity and symmetry about the positive and negative voltages. The crystals transmit light in the telecommunications range with significantly low optical loss for an organic crystalline material.
Angewandte Chemie Launches Scientific Perspectives and Viewpoint Articles
Authors: Calleja Pilar , Castro Eric , Meyer Kim , Pecher Lisa , Schmidt‐Radde Rachel , Wiechen Mathias
Published: September 2021

To better support researchers and contribute constructively to international scientific discourse, Angewandte Chemie has launched two opinion‐based article categories with the support of the German Chemical Society (GDCh) and the journal's governing bodies. Scientific Perspectives outline best practice in the chemical sciences while Viewpoint Articles address the culture of the chemical community.
An Ionic Liquid Electrolyte with Enhanced Li+ Transport Ability Enables Stable Li Deposition for High‐Performance Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Cai Yichao , Zhang Qiu , Lu Yong , Hao Zhimeng , Ni Youxuan , Chen Jun
Published: September 2021

Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide‐based ionic liquid (TFSI‐IL) electrolyte could endow Li‐O2 batteries with low charging overpotential. However, their weak Li+ transport ability (LTA) leads to non‐uniform Li deposition. Herein, guided by Sand formula, the LTA of TFSI‐IL electrolyte is greatly enhanced to realize robust Li deposition through introducing hydrofluoroether (HFE) and optimizing electrolyte component ratios to regulate solvation environment. The solvation environment changes from Li(TFSI)2− ion pair into ionic aggregate clusters in the optimal electrolyte thanks to the slicing function of HFE toward ionic aggregate network. The transport parameters of Sand formula are synchronously enhanced, resulting in highly robust Li deposition behavior with greatly improved Coulombic efficiency (ca. 97.5 %) and cycling rate (1 mA cm−2). Cycling stability of Li‐O2 batteries was greatly improved (a tiny overpotential rise of 64 mV after 75 cycles).
Biomimetic Recognition of Quinones in Water by an Endo‐Functionalized Cavity with Anthracene Sidewalls
Authors: Zhou Hang , Pang Xin‐Yu , Wang Xiaoping , Yao Huan , Yang Liu‐Pan , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2021

Selective molecular recognition in water is the foundation of numerous biological functions but is a challenge for most synthetic hosts. We employ the concept of endo‐functionalized cavity and the strategy of simultaneous construction to address this issue. The concept and the strategy were demonstrated in the construction of a biomimetic host for selectively recognizing quinones in water. The host was synthesized by joining two pieces of bent anthracene dimer through amide bond formation, affording a deep hydrophobic cavity and inward‐directing hydrogen bonding sites. The host can recognize quinones over their close analogues in water, and its association affinity to p‐benzoquinone is the highest among all the known hosts and is even comparable to that of the bioreceptor. The binding with an anthraquinone reaches nanomolar affinity. Shielded hydrogen bonding, C−H⋅⋅⋅π, and charge transfer interactions, and the hydrophobic effect are responsible for the high binding affinity and selectivity.