bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limiting factors in the site distribution of dental caries
Authors: Jackson D. , Burch P. R. J. , Fairpo C. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— From records of 32067 dentate persons from low fluoride communities in South Yorkshire, England, clinical dental caries has been scored at the distal and mesial sites of permanent canines, first and second premolars, and first and second molars, in relation to age. For those teeth with distal or mesial caries or both, the average number of distal and mesial sites attacked per DF tooth is calculated. The ratio observed generally reaches a stable value as age increases and is lowest for mandibular canines (1.10 from 15 years of age and above) and highest for mandibular first molars (1.46 from 30 years and above). For second premolars—both maxillary and mandibular—the ratio reaches a maximum at 30–39 years, and then falls with increasing age. Because the ratio generally attains an effective ceiling with increasing age at a level well below 2, and because it is characteristic of the tooth‐type, host factors would seem to be implicated. The data corroborate the authors' hypothesis that the site‐specificity of dental caries is genetically‐determined and that the timing of attacks in a given environment is governed largely by endogenous factors.
Busselton Dental Survey 1978
Authors: Medcalf G. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— In Busselton, Western Australia, 89 per cent of the adult population received a dental examination in 1969. In 1978, 75 per cent of people under age 40 were examined.

Comparison between the two survey groups shows increased retention of natural teeth and decrease in denture wearing. The most prevalent treatment need was for calculus removal and oral hygiene instruction.
The treatment of some disorders of the maxillo‐mandibular apparatus
Authors: Griffin C. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The results of treatment of 67 patients with septo‐maxillary syndrome and associated temporomandibular joint dysfunction are reported. Five case histories are described in detail. The features of the syndrome emphasized are the maxillo‐septal facies, ipsilateral deficiency of facial mesenchyme (mesectoderm) and condylar displacement. Associated with condylar displacement was early osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint complex. It is suggested that Costen's syndrome needs restatement.
A short history of Westmead Centre Dental Clinical School
Authors: Lester Keith S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Westmead Centre is a large teaching hospital of 925 acute treatment beds planned to provide a comprehensive range of general and specialist referral services to the rapidly expanding population of the western suburbs of Sydney. The hospital was conceived in 1968 and opened for patient treatment in 1978.

The Dental Clinical School is an integral part of Westmead Centre. The School was planned to provide diagnostic, treatment, recovery, and support facilities. When fully commissioned, it will offer 230 dental chairs, a fully equipped Operating Suite, and extensive laboratory, teaching and research areas. The School is meant to provide clinical undergraduate training for dental students of the University of Sydney and facilities for graduate, postgraduate, and continuing education. At the same time it is to fulfil a general and specialist service role in the Western Metropolitan Health Region.

The Dental Clinical School opened for patient treatment in 1980 and accepted its first intake of final year students in 1981. It is anticipated that in 1982 the School will be fully commissioned and making a significant contribution to the dental education and care of the people of New South Wales.
Changes in proximal caries status of Brisbane 15‐year‐old children over a ten year period
Authors: Latcham N. L. , Powell R. N. , Jago J. D. , Seymour G. J. , Aitken J. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Examination of bitewing radiographs of children aged 15 years attending the clinics of the University of Queensland Dental School in 1970‐74 and 1978‐80 has revealed a decrease in frequency of posterior proximal smooth surface caries during the ten‐year period. Sound unrestored surfaces constituted about three‐fifths of all readable surfaces in the younger group compared with about two‐fifths in the older group.
Ameloblastomatous changes in dentigerous cyst
Authors: Yaacob Hashim B. , Ling Khoon C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A rare case of an ameloblastomatous lesion occurring within a dentigerous cyst is reported. Differing opinions regarding this lesion are presented, and the significance, with regard to management, is discussed.
Anterior subgingival fractures: a review of treatment alternatives
Authors: Heithersay G. S. , Moule A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The treatment of teeth with subgingival fractures is complicated by the need to maintain a healthy periodontium. In treatment planning for these teeth, the position and the circumferential extent of the fracture are of considerable importance. However, the severity of fracture subgingivally is probably the most important variable influence on treatment planning.

In this paper teeth with subgingival fractures are classified into four treatment categories according to the depth of fracture. Treatment alternatives are given for each category and emphasis is given to those procedures which best predispose to a favourable gingival relationship.
One‐piece casting for fixed bridgework
Authors: Darveniza M. , Martin J. R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

A laboratory technique suitable for one‐piece casting of short or long span bridges and its application to a seven‐unit one‐piece cast bridge is described.
Developing a forensic dental code and programme
Authors: Pierce L. , Lindsay J. , Lautenschlager E. P. , Smith E. S. , Harcourt J. K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

An attempt was made to develop a computer‐assisted programme to aid in the positive identification of human remains. The first and second generations of a computer code and programme for entering ante‐mortem and post‐mortem records into a computer data bank are discussed. The initial code is presented along with the results following the computer evaluation of 50 record pairs. The self‐evaluating aspects of the programme are discussed and the proposed second generation code is presented. The programme exhibits some promising characteristics but further refinement based on increased data banks is needed.
Immunization against dental caries. A review
Authors: Rogers A. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— An attempt has been made to review the current state of knowledge in relation to the production of a completely safe, effective vaccine against dental caries. Almost all research has focused upon Streptococcus mutans on the assumption that it is of prime aetiological importance. In earlier studies, whole or broken cells of Strep, mutans were used to immunize experimental animals but, because of the possible harmful effects of impure vaccines, more recent attempts have been made to find a suitable immunogen from purified cell components of this organism. When this has been achieved, there still remain the problems of proving its safety and efficacy and of devising suitable immunization schedules whereby relatively long‐lasting protection can be provided.
Presurgical recovery of palatally impacted canines
Authors: Easthope D. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A procedure is described whereby certain palatally impacted canines can be induced to erupt into the dental arch by exerting pressure on the soft tissue overlying the crown or root or both. Criteria for the successful selection of cases are suggested.
Effects of prolonged administration of azathioprine on parotid glands of rats: An assessment by electron microscopy
Authors: Keys D. W. , Adkins K. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Electron microscopy demonstrated degranulation, vacuolation, development of cytolysosomes and focal areas of cellular necrosis in the acinar cells of the rat parotid glands following daily administration of 2 mg/Kg azathioprine. The changes were noted after seven days but stopped short of complete acinar and ductal cell destruction after about fifty‐six days. Ductal cells were not so noticeably affected and rapid recovery in both cells followed cessation of the drug being complete in most within fourteen days.
Measurement of bubble volume in dental anaesthetic‐cartridges
Authors: Darvell B. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A method is described for the non‐destructive measurement of bubbles in glass anaesthetic cartridges.
The role of the hygienist in dental practice
Authors: McIntyre J. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The history, nature and scope of the dental hygienist is reviewed. The role of dental hygienists in dental practice in Australia appears to be poorly understood and an attempt is made to correct some false conceptions about their work and their employment in South Australia.
Undergraduate teaching in geriatric dentistry*
Authors: Homan B. T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— It is predicted that more Australians will retain their natural dentitions into old age and their dental needs will have to be met with a wide range of dental services by dentists acting with understanding, kindness, and sympathy. The empathy to do so requires experience of appropriate delivery systems in the environment in which the elderly live. For them the ability to eat a balanced and varied diet and to manage personal oral hygiene is very important for their well being. Undergraduate education must be adapted to strengthen the social orientation demanded.
An electron microscopic study on the aetiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous ulcers of the oral mucosa.
Authors: Griffin C. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The present report is concerned with the immunopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU). Lymphocytes in various stages of sensitization are described and their interaction with macrophages, each other and epithelial cells. Typical macrophages were seen in the lamina propria but not in affected epithelium. The phagocytic cells seen between epithelial cells and in the juxtabasal part of the lamina propria was identified as a reticuloid cell because of close connections with each other, numerous microvesicles and electron‐lucent (euchromatic) nuclei. It is thought that it replaces the macrophage seen in Behçet's syndrome and oral lichen planus and is responsible for the localized nature of RAU.
Giant cell epulis presenting as a recurrent odontogenic keratocyst
Authors: Hollingum I. S. , Rennie J. S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The unusual occurrence of a giant cell epulis presenting as a recurrent odontogenic keratocyst is reported and the implications of this case briefly discussed.
The heat resistance of a ceramic identification device
Authors: Wilson D. F. , Kolbinson D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Identification of human remains by the teeth is a widely accepted forensic procedure. At present the principle dental technique used for identification of the dead is the post‐mortem comparison method which involves a comparison of post‐mortem dental findings and any available ante‐mortem records.

This study describes the results of an in vitro incineration investigation testing the heat resistance qualities of metallic intelligence data encoded on microchips comprising part of the Denlify system of identification. Detailed optical and scanning electron microscopic findings show that despite some alteration when exposed to high temperatures the metallic intelligence data itself remains clearly decipherable after exposure to a temperature of 1000 °C.
The management of fractures of the facial skeleton
Authors: Carter Eric
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A retrospective survey of 366 patients admitted to the Royal Newcastle Hospital for the treatment of maxillo‐facial injuries is reported. The facial fractures were classified into four groups on anatomical grounds and the causes and incidence of injury are stated. Patient management is outlined and the techniques employed and the results obtained are discussed.
Diatomite as a source of cristobalite for dental investments a differential thermal analysis study
Authors: Stevens L. , Kuhn A. T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Differential thermal analysis (DTA) confirmed that cristobalite can be derived by heat treating porous diatomite. It is suggested that such cristobalite might be of value in dental casting investments.
The fluoride content of human tooth enamel in relation to environmental exposure to fluoride
Authors: Schamschula R. G. , Sugárt Edit , Agus Helen M. , Un Pauline S. H. , Tóth K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Double‐layer superimposed biopsies were used for sampling sound labial enamel of upper permanent central incisor teeth of 189 children (mean age 8.4 years, SD = 0.36), comprising five groups, representing life‐long exposure to contrasting concentrations of F in the water (range ≤0.12 ppm to 2.8 ppm) and to supplements of 200 or 350 mg F/kg domestic salt. The mean F concentrations of enamel ranged through the groups from 924 ppm to 2401 ppm in the surface layer (average central depth = 0.49 um) and from 450 ppm to 1428 ppm in the subsurface layer (average central depth = 2.62 um). The differences between the mean F concentrations of the groups were significant in each instance and the values consistently reflected the extent of F exposure. It was concluded that the F content of enamel is a reliable indicator of environmental exposure to F for populations, but not for every individual.
Rational periodontal therapy by papillectomy
Authors: Clarke N. G. , Hirsch R. S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A simple technique is described for the treatment of periodontal disease that accomplishes the objectives of periodontal therapy. The method is based upon current aetiological concepts for the initiation of the disease and long‐term studies of treatment success.
Criteria which may influence selection of dental students1
Authors: Adkins K. F. , Kruger B. J. , Law H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Academic qualifications are used as either the principal or the only criteria for selection of dental students. The view is often put forward that selection procedures should also identify and take into account those non‐academic attributes which are considered to be predictive of the qualities which characterize a successful dentist. The aim of this study was to identify those qualities as assessed by students, dentists and patients and to consider their implications in relation to the selection procedures in Queensland. No major factors were found which could be used to improve the existing selection procedures.
Compound composite odontome associated with a dentigerous cyst
Authors: Lian C. B. , Phang Y. C. , Looi L. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case of dentigerous cyst associated with compound composite odontomes is reported. The possible pathogenesis is discussed.
Aberrant root canal morphology in a maxillary second molar
Authors: Woodhouse Barbara M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Abberations in root canal morphology of maxillary permanent molars often occur as collateral mesio‐buccal canals and, less commonly, as separate root canals in divergent palatal roots. This case report describes a right maxillary second molar with both types of anomaly common to the maxillary first molar and a collateral disto‐palatal canal in a thirteen‐year‐old girl suffering severe pain in the right maxilla. Removal of discoloured dentine found beneath two amalgam restorations disclosed necrotic tissue in the pulp chamber and the disto‐palatal canal. Finally, endodontic therapy was required for six root canals.
An additional measure to ensure unidirectional solidification in dental casting
Authors: Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Ingates to mould spaces were related in dimensions and position to the production of shrinkage porosity due to poor heat transfer at a low pressure melt‐mould interface. A number were lagged with investment modified by the addition of diatomite. The frequency with which shrinkage porosity occurred in the low pressure area significantly increased with lagging. This was attributed to the melt having greater superheat on entering the mould due to lagging. It was concluded that lagging of ingates could be used as an additional method to ensure unidirectional solidification.
The postzygomatic vestibuloplasty
Authors: Eggleston Deryck J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A surgical technique is described which may aid lateral stability in cases of excessive resorption in the edentulous maxilla.
Fluctuating dental asymmetry in Down's syndrome
Authors: Townsend Grant C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Fluctuating dental asymmetry in mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of both deciduous and permanent teeth was compared between a relatively large sample of individuals with Down's syndrome and normal controls. Asymmetry was increased in both dentitions of individuals with Down's syndrome supporting the concept of a generalized increase in developmental instability in this condition. Interpretation of differences in asymmetry between teeth within the dentition is more difficult but should take account of local environmental influences which appear to play an important role in dental development.
Conservative treatment of the stained dentition: vital bleaching
Authors: Boksman Leendert , Jordan Ronald E.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The multiple potential causes for staining of the dentition are discussed. A conservative technique of vital tooth bleaching is outlined which may successfully be employed in cases of fluorosis, hypocalcified brown stains, and selected cases of tetracycline staining.
Cure of resin based restorative materials. I. Self cure resins
Authors: Standish P. M. , Cook W. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The kinetics involved in the free‐radical polymerization of self‐cure resin based restorative materials was investigated by infrared spectroscopy and rheological techniques. By the incorporation of various inhibitors and additional amounts of initiator and accelerator into commercial materials, the initial and final set times were altered allowing the development of a ‘snap‐set’ material. In particular, the nature of the inhibitor was found to have a critical influence on the polymerization.
Salivary inflammatory exocrinopathy: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Wiesenfeld David , Ferguson Martin M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Inflammatory exocrinopathy is a disorder most commonly affecting middle‐aged women and is often associated with the presence of a connective tissue disease. The symptoms of salivary gland and lacrimal gland involvement are most prominent. Other terms applied to this disorder include Mikulicz, Gougerot's, Sjögren's, and Sicca syndromes.

Reduced salivary function leads to many oral complications. The criteria for the diagnosis of salivary inflammatory exocrinopathy are considered and the oral management discussed.
Elective subjects in the dental curriculum. Perceptions by graduates in relation to dental practice and continuing education
Authors: Brown J. P. , Adkins K. F. , Bourke L. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Graduates from a dental curriculum which included elective subjects were surveyed and a majority expressed satisfaction with it. Electives chosen did not seem to have influenced career choice, although students had some opportunity to choose them based on their initial types of practice. Some dental electives prepare students significantly better for dental practice, and this is a general trend for all electives. The overall curriculum was perceived to be strongest in aspects of adult dentistry and weakest in child, adolescent, and dentistry for the disabled and the aged. It is precisely in these areas that a disparity was demonstrated between the need for, and attendance at continuing education courses. Dentistry is practised largely as it is taught and major remedies lie in the dental curriculum and in continuing education in defined areas.
Application of pins in restoring vital teeth
Authors: Kayser A. F. , Mentz T. C. F. , Snoek P. A. , Spanauf A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Modern operative dentistry with the application of various pins and different restorative materials has given the practitioner new possibilities for preserving the dentition. However, careful treatment planning and application is necessary. Various pin systems are discussed and the modes of application are described.
Mercury vapour associated with amalgam capsule and waste storage
Authors: Burgess V. B. , Makinson O. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Mercury vapour levels were measured by probe within containers and in close proximity to containers of two types of disposable amalgam capsules, of collections of used capsules in unsealed cartons, and of containers used for storage of amalgam waste. Three types of storage media for amalgam waste were tested and residue from spent capsules weighed.

Vapour levels were found to be below recommended safety limits but indicate that these capsule systems require attention as a potential mercury hygiene hazard.
A study of the state and depth of resin penetration into acid‐etched enamel*
Authors: Heng‐Chang Xu , Tong Wang , Humgying Wang
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The length and cross sectional structure of resin tags formed in the etched enamel of freshly extracted permanent central incisors was studied by floating optical photomicrography and SEM serial photomicrography.

Penetration of the etched enamel was enhanced by placing the tooth under vacuum. Floating photomicrography avoided damage to the very fragile resin tags.

In general, the tags were 150–200 microns long and in some cases up to 300 microns. They were found to be hollow tubules and not solid rods. The resin tubules had a diameter of 6–7 microns and a wall thickness of 1–1.5 microns.
Dental observations at Australian Antarctic Stations
Authors: Fletcher L. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Experience of dental practice by a Medical Practitioner on expeditions to three Australian Antarctic stations between 1978 and 1982 is described. The incidence of specific problems is reviewed, and includes fracture damage, lost amalgam, new carious lesions, and dentinal erosions. Comparisons are made with past studies of Antarctic dental health. Suggestions for uniformity of pre‐departure dental examination are offered relating to future dental care on Antarctic stations.
Outpatient oral surgery
Authors: McDonald Peter J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A description of the planning and development of a clinic designed for outpatient surgery demonstrates how such a service can be provided safely and efficiently, particularly for oral and dental surgery. The experience over eleven years has shown that the clinic can be used for other types of surgery.
The bucco‐gingival branch of the posterior superior alveolar artery: a source of haematomata when injecting in the maxilla
Authors: Carter E. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Anatomical dissections and examination of the soft tissues in the region of the buccal sulcus of the maxilla reveal the presence of a bucco‐gingival branch of the posterior superior alveolar artery which approaches the infra‐orbital surface of the maxilla. In some specimens this was found to anastomose with the infraorbital artery. It is suggested that this branch is the major contributor to rapidly forming haematomata which may sometimes occur following injections to obtain anaesthesia of the maxillary teeth. A modification to accepted techniques for local anaesthesia is proposed to avoid or minimize this complication.
Day‐stay oral surgery
Authors: Vickers P. , Goss A. N.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A review of the literature revealed selection criteria for patients undergoing day‐stay oral surgery. Information obtained from patients and operating theatre records in the day‐stay theatre of the Oral Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, was reviewed. Pairs of variables selected from a detailed proforma were tested for significance. It is concluded that a large range and number of oral surgery rocedures can be performed safely on a day‐stay basis.
Non‐vital bleaching—internal and external
Authors: Boksman Leendert , Jordan Ronald E. , Skinner D. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The multiple potential causes for discolouration of the pulpless tooth are discussed. A technique for bleaching these affected teeth is suggested which combines acid etching and internal and external thermocatalytic methods with the ‘walking bleach’.
Use of industrially available aluminium‐bronze alloys for cast restorations. I. Preliminary study
Authors: Thomson D. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A preliminary study of the use of three industrial aluminium bronze alloys and one silicon bronze alloy for dental castings is reported. The results indicate that satisfactory marginal fit was achieved for full crown castings, and further investigation in the use of these alloys is warranted.
Guiding the developing mixed dentition
Authors: Leivesley W. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Common problems affecting normal occlusal development during the mixed dentition are examined. Their causes are briefly outlined and treatment approaches by the dental practitioner are suggested. Guidance in the ways suggested through this transition period will, in many cases, maximize the final appearance and function of the dentition.
Epidemiological aspects of teratogenesis—a review
Authors: Burman N. T. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A review of the problems associated with epidemiological investigation of possible teratogenic agents has been presented. Some difficulties involved with cleft lip and palate research in Western Australia have been outlined, and a cautious approach to the interpretation of the results of retrospective studies has been stressed.
The use of chemical disinfectants in dental prosthetics
Authors: Kwok W. M. , Ralph W. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The risk of cross infection in prosthetic dental procedures is a very real one. Normal sterilization and disinfectant procedures, in particular dry and moist heat and some chemical methods, are inappropriate for many treatment procedures.

Chemical disinfectants which are normally available in Australia are considered in relation to their compatibility or otherwise with dental prosthetic materials and recommendations for their use are proposed.
Evaluation of a proprietary analgesic/antihistamine in the management of pain associated with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome
Authors: Gerschman Jack A. , Reade Peter D. , Burrows Graham D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The results of a double blind crossover trial evaluating a proprietary analgesic/antihistamine preparation showed that the preparation was capable of significantly relieving the pain associated with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome.
Dental survey of nursing home residents in South Australia
Authors: Walker Brian N.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A survey of 1099 elderly residents in nursing homes in South Australia based on a questionnaire and clinical examination produced information on 1071. Nine hundred and eighty six were edentulous, 915 were wearing full upper and lower dentures and 39 upper dentures only. One hundred and thirteen persons with some teeth required dental treatment: 34 needed 3 restorations each, 40 needed more than 3 teeth extracted and 32 needed a full denture. The periodontal status was classed as good in only 16.
Acid‐etching of enamel cavity walls
Authors: Martin F. Elizabeth , Bryant Roland W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The acid‐etched patterns produced on enamel cavity walls and the enamel tooth surface were investigated and the implications of these patterns on cavity preparation for composite resin restorations are discussed.

The predominant pattern on enamel cavity walls is of obliquely and longitudinally sectioned prisms. Less commonly, cross‐sectioned prisms, prismless enamel and a rough, pitted appearance are observed. Excessive etching (for example, for four minutes) should be avoided.
The use of adhesive materials in the conservative restoration of selected posterior teeth
Authors: Knight Geoffrey M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The commonly used restorative systems for posterior occlusal restorations by amalgam or cast inlay require removal of sound tooth substance to provide retention, resistance or convenience forms. A better cosmetic result by restricting cavity preparation and using the adhesive properties of glass ionomer cement is described and the results from clinical practice tabulated. This includes a combination system of a surface layer of resin for areas of wear and stress.
Geriatric dentistry: is there such a discipline?
Authors: Ettinger Ronald L. , Beck James D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A definition of geriatric dentistry is presented in this paper. From this definition several specific groups of older persons such as the older adult, the frail elderly, and the functionally dependent elderly can be identified. Each group requires dental care and the dentist treating these patients requires knowledge and skills at different levels. Skills and training programmes for dentists wishing to treat geriatric patients are discussed.
X‐linked hypophosphataemic vitamin D‐resistant rickets
Authors: Seow W. Kim
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Familial hypophosphataemia, commonly known as vitamin D‐resistant rickets, is inherited in an X‐linked dominant manner. The basic genetic defect, a selective failure of renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate, results in clinical signs of rickets and characteristic dental manifestations. Defective dentine formation with abnormally large pulp chambers predispose the teeth to pulp exposures and subsequent abscess formation from even normal attrition. Effective strategies for the management of these dental problems are available, hence the importance of early diagnosis. Furthermore, as the skeletal signs of rickets may be mild and easily missed, early recognition of the disease frequently rests on appreciation of the characteristic dental manifestations. It is important that the disease be diagnosed and treatment instituted early if the crippling deformities of rickets are to be avoided.
The prevalence of hepatitis B markers in dental care personnel at the United Dental Hospital of Sydney
Authors: Savage Charles M. , Christopher Peter J. , Murphy Alan M. , Crewe Evelyn B. , Lossin Christa
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A survey of dental health care personnel at the United Dental Hospital of Sydney showed that 16.2 per cent of dentists had serological markers of prior hepatitis B infection. Vaccination should be considered for dentists who are occupationally exposed to hepatitis B.
Dental identification of the Victorian bushfire victims
Authors: Bastiaan Ross J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— After the bushfires in Victoria on 16 February 1983, the remains of twenty‐two unidentified people were brought to the Melbourne Coroner's Court for identification.

This paper presents the methods adopted by the dental team of the Disaster Victim Identification Task Force.

The dental records provided evidence of identity of 14 victims and this highlights the value of dental records in the identification of victims in mass disasters.
Aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaw: Case report
Authors: Hempenstall P. D. , Campbell J. P. S. , Radden B. G. , Reade P. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case report of aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible in a twenty‐four year old woman is presented. Although uncommon, such lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiolucent lesions of the jaws. The occurrence of this lesion in the jaws has not been previously reported in the Australian dental literature.
A directory of dental services for the disabled
Authors: Brown John P. , Aitken Joanne F. , Walsh Stan
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A directory of dental services for the disabled has facilitated more appropriate patient referral at the local level. It has also provided a broad analysis of the available dental services throughout the State. The directory is in a form which periodically can be brought up to date.
Aspects of the chemistry of zinc phosphate cements
Authors: Darvell B. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Consideration of the ZnO‐P2O5‐H2O constitutional diagram gives some insights into the setting reaction of dental zinc phosphate cements, and clarifies the requirements of acid concentrations and clinical mixing procedure.
Torus palatinus. A clinical study
Authors: Chew C. L. , Tan P. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Two‐hundred Chinese patients were examined and ninety‐six were found to have torus palatinus evenly distributed between male and female patients.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta. A new perspective
Authors: Gage J. P.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— ‐Recent knowledge of collagen biochemistry has increased dramatically with current concepts of its biosynthesis and structure, strengthening the belief that osteogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta syndromes are basically molecular collagen defects of Type I collagen.

The information presently available from studies on dentine collagen indicate a need for the reclassification of the genetic abnormality known as dentinogenesis imperfecta.
An assessment of radiographic methods for the investigation of temporomandibular joint morphology and pathology
Authors: Richards Lindsay C. , Gurner Ian A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The reproducibility and reliability of selected radiographic techniques for the assessment of temporomandibular joint morphology and pathology were investigated in a sample of skulls demonstrating a range of normal and abnormal joint changes. Most methods provided acceptable information about pathological changes of the fossa and condyle.

Joint morphology was more difficult to assess, however, with only some methods providing useful information for more than two‐thirds of subjects, emphasizing the need to interpret temporomandibular joint radiographs with great care.
Morbidity following day‐stay dental anaesthesia
Authors: Yee K. F. , Holland R. B. , Carrick Ann , Vincent S. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Forty day‐patients were followed up after dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Of these, 29 patients were satisfied with their care, while the others felt that they were discharged too early. Significant postoperative morbidity was experienced in 17 patients but tolerance to this was high, especially when forewarned. Two definitely refused to have a similar day‐stay arrangement in the future.
Glass ionomer cements: dispensing and strength
Authors: Wong Theresa C. C. , Bryant Roland W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The use of the powder and liquid dispensers provided by the manufacturers to achieve an optimal mix of glass ionomer cement was examined. The dispensers should be regarded only as an approximate guide to the ratio of powder and liquid required. The rates of development of compressive strength and tensile strength of six cements were investigated and confirmed that the finishing of glass ionomer cement restorations should be delayed for at least twenty‐four hours after placement.
Styloid‐stylohyoid syndrome: a clinical update
Authors: Monsour P. A. J. , Young W. G. , Barnes P. B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— This review documents the variations in the radiographic appearance of the stylohyoid chain; the clinical significance of the variations, diagnosis and treatment is discussed. A case report is included.
Traumatized anterior teeth amongst high school students in northern Sydney
Authors: Burton Jean , Pryke Lloyd , Rob Marilyn , Lawson James S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The prevalence and severity of fractures of anterior teeth among 12 287 high school students in two areas of northern Sydney was recorded. Overall, six per cent of students had suffered fractures involving dentine or pulp. Twenty‐three per cent of these teeth were non vital. In the less affluent area more fractured teeth remained untreated. Trauma prevalence was twice as high amongst boys as girls; body contact, sports, and bicycles contributed most to this finding.
Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. II. Use of bone scanning as an aid to diagnosis
Authors: Ryan Doran E. , Collier B. David , Messer Eugene , Moloney Frank
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A study is reported comparing the value of arthrography, transcranial spot‐film radiography, radionuclide angiography, planar bone scintigraphy, and single photon emission computed tomography bone scintigraphy (SPECT) in the evaluation of thirty‐six adult patients with surgically confirmed internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. The conclusion was reached that SPECT bone scintigraphy currently represents the non‐invasive imaging test of choice to screen for internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint.
Molar size sequence in a mixed population from Santo Domingo
Authors: Garcia‐Godoy Franklin , Townsend Grant
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Molar size dequence is described in a group of children from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. A low frequency of M2>M1 (where permanent second molars were larger mesiodistally than first molars) was found in both boys and girls when compared with published data for American Whites and Blacks. As the children studied were mulattos, derived from white Spanish colonists and black African slaves, the observed results indicate that molar size sequence is unlikely to be useful in distinguishing ethnic origin.
Oral fibrous hyperplasias and the giant cell fibroma
Authors: Savage N. W. , Monsour P. A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The histological, histochemical and ultrastructural features of fibrous lesions of the oral mucosa containing large, stellate mononuclear and multinucleated cells are described. The cell are present in a spectrum of hyperplastic lesions. The surrounding matrix is distinctive and the cells show myofibroblastic differentiation. These changes are not sufficiently characteristic or unusual in normal or pathological tissues to warrant separation of these lesions as a distinct entity or to include them within groupings of more specialized lesions.
Urinary fluoride levels in South Australian pre‐school children in summer and winter
Authors: Dooland Martin Bryn , Carr Susan Marion
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Summer and winter samples of first‐morning urine from 168 pre‐school children attending kindergartens in fluoridated and non‐fluoridated communities in South Australia were analysed for fluoride and creatinine concentration. The urinary fluoride: creatinine ratio, as an index of fluoride ingestion, was greater in winter for both the fluoridated and non‐fluoridated area samples, the difference being interpreted as a result of increased losses of fluoride through the sweat in summer. The results do not indicate a need to vary the concentration of fluoride in the reticulated water supply with the seasons.
A case: control study of oro‐facial clefts in Western Australia
Authors: Burman Neil T. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case: control study was undertaken using all children with oro‐facial clefts born between 1 January 1982 and 14 April 1984 and conceived in Western Australia (WA) — a total of 90 cases and 180 matched controls. Information on all cases and controls was obtained from hospital records and a postal questionnaire. A 92 per cent response rate was obtained from the mothers of affected children.

An excess of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)) was confirmed for rural Western Australia and reasons for this finding proposed. Further information is presented on maternal age, parity, blood groups, paternal occupation, familial and syndromic clefts, maternal alcohol and cigarette consumption and history of previous miscarriages.
The effects of fractionated megavoltage X‐irradiation on the rat submandibular gland: an assessment by electron microscopy
Authors: Savage N. W. , Kruger B. J. , Adkins K. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Twenty‐four rats were divided into groups that received cumulative doses of 500, 750, and 1000 rads of fractionated megavoltage X‐irradiation. The animals sacrificed after three days showed acinar atrophy with isolated areas containing both severely and lethally damaged cells. The cells were undergoing apoptosis or showed the intracellular accumulation of vacuoles that coalesced and led to lysis. The pattern and severity of damage was dose‐related. The animals sacrificed after 14 days had achieved a remarkable degree of recovery as judged morphologically. The group that received the highest cumulative dosage also showed the greatest degree of recovery with an almost totally normal architecture and morphology restored within 14 days.
Improved mouthguard design for the edentulous sportsman
Authors: Chapman P. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Whilst it is not common for completely edentulous individuals to be involved in contact sports or other activities where accidental injury to the oro‐facial region could occur, there is still a need for adequate oral protection. This article reviews the previously suggested mouthguard designs recommended for this situation and presents details of an alternative design which provides improved safety and protection.
Base‐varnish interactions around amalgam restorations: Spectrophotometric and microscopic assessment of leakage*
Authors: Silva Margarita , Messer L. B. , Douglas W. , Weinberg R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The effects of bases and cavity varnishes on microleakage around amalgam restorations were investigated in vitro. Restored teeth were examined after storage for 48 hours, 1 and 3 months, temperature cycling and immersion in methylene blue. Leakage of specimens, assessed quantitatively by microscopy (linear measurement) and spectrophotometry (volumetric measurement), showed the following decreasing order: no varnish, varnish‐base, and varnish. Leakage around amalgam restorations can be minimized by the application of two layers of copal resin varnish limited to the walls and cavo‐surface margins.
Rat submandibular gland microvasculature following fractionated megavoltage irradiation
Authors: Savage N. W. , Kruger B. J. , Adkins K. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— This study examines the morphological response of the rat submandibular gland microvasculature to radiation in six groups of four rats each. Two groups each received 500, 750, and 1000 rads of megavoltage X‐radiation delivered in 250 rad fractions at daily intervals. One group from each dose level was sacrificed 3 days post‐irradiation and the other after 14 days and the tissues processed for both light and electron microscopy. At 3 days a mild degree of parenchymal damage, proportional to the total dosage, was present. By 14 days morphological recovery appeared almost complete. Light microscopy showed no obvious vascular changes at 3 days but at 14 days the vessels had become prominent and engorged. Ultrastructural changes at 3 days consisted of marked endothelial cell swelling with small numbers of cells containing large cytoplasmic vacuoles; many caveolae lined the endothelial cell membranes. Cell junctions appeared unaffected although thickening of basement membrane occurred. By 14 days the ultrastructure had returned to normal in the majority of vessels. The microvasculature showed features documented in heart and brain where radiation‐induced vasculopathy is of great importance. The distribution of parenchymal damage was restricted to areas apparently supplied by related blood vessels. The vessels in these areas showed a greatly increased capacity for transcellular transport as well as a significant increase in numbers, at least functionally, as recovery occurred.
The effects of fractionated megavoltage X‐irradiation on the rat submandibular gland: an assessment by light microscopy and autoradiography
Authors: Savage N.W. , Adkins K. F. , Kruger B. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Twenty‐four rats were divided into groups that received cumulative dosages of 500, 750 and 1000 rads of fractionated megavoltage X‐irradiation. Animals sacrificed three days post‐irradiation showed marked acinar atrophy but no vascular or ductal changes and isolated areas exhibited more severe damage, predominately vacuolation, apoptosis and total cell destruction. The severity of the changes mirrored the total cumulative dosage. Animals sacrificed 14 days post‐irradiation showed a marked return to pre‐irradiation morphological status.

Greater recovery was noted in the 1000 rads dose than in the lower dose groups. A marked increase in vascularity reflected the recovery process. Auto‐radiographic estimations using (3H) leucine supported the morphological changes only in the 1000 rad groups and these showed the least uptake at three days, but by 14 days exhibited the greatest increase—far above the level of control animals. Apoptosis apparently enables the tissues following repair of reversible damage to return to normal cellular activity.
The fluoride content of some teas available in Australia
Authors: Smid J. R. , Kruger B. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Analysis of brews of a selection of teas available in Australia using the fluoride ion‐selective electrode gave after a five‐minute infusion an average fluoride level of (1.34 ± 0.17 ppm) F. Brews of two brands of tea contained >2 ppm F; using fluoridated water a cup of tea made with one of these brands may contain 0.5 mg F. Its potential significance for young children on fluoride supplements should be recognized.
Differential dark field microscopy of acute ulcerative gingivitis. Case report
Authors: Lander P. E. , Seymour G. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case of acute ulcerative gingivitis (AUG) with pericoronitis is presented showing how differential dark‐field microscopy can be used to aid in diagnosis and monitor therapy. The AUG site showed a unique flora with dark‐field microscopy, which in this case was shared by the pericoronitis lesion. Metronidazole therapy resulted in a marked change in the flora of both sites. Four days following therapy both sites showed a similar flora to a normal healthy site which remained unaltered throughout the treatment.
The palatally impacted cuspid tooth: a new surgical approach to treatment
Authors: Moloney Frank , Tideman Henk , Stoelinga Paul J. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The application of the posterior segmental maxillary osteotomy to the problem of the palatally impacted cuspid tooth was studied in 12 patients so treated. The degree of success was based on several criteria, including stability, periodontal health, occlusion and individual response to treatment. Existing literature is reviewed and discussed in the light of the present findings.
Clinical evaluation of ScotchbondTM: one year results
Authors: Tyas M. J. , Burns G. A. , Byrne P. F. , Cunningham P. J. , Dobson B. C. , Widdop F. T.
Published: May 2009

Three hundred and ten non‐undercut cervical abrasion lesions in 83 patients were restored with either the photocured resin based restorative material Silux (175 restorations), its chemically cured counterpart Silar (57 restorations), or glass ionomer (78 restorations). A proprietary dentine bonding agent (chemically cured Scotchbond) was used with Silux and Silar in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, except that no enamel etching was carried out. Restorations were reviewed after six months and one year. At the one year examination, 25 per cent of Silux, 46 per cent of Silar and 2.5 per cent of the glass ionomer restorations had been lost. There was a progressive increase in marginal discoloration around the resin based restorations.
The effect of time between mixing and heating on the expansion of phosphate bonded investment
Authors: Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

The effect of the time between mixing and heating on the expansion of four phosphate bonded investments was investigated. Setting and thermal expansion of the same specimen was measured in a dilatometer. Unexpectedly large differences in setting expansion occurred between the investments. The combined setting and thermal expansion of one investment was affected by the time between mixing and heating.
Psoriatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. Case report
Authors: Baetz Keith , Klineberg Iven
Published: May 2009

A case of psoriatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint and its conservative treatment is discussed.