bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Acceptance, Use, and Continued Use of the E-Learning Recommender Systems
Authors: Alharbi Hadeel , Sandhu Kamaljeet
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this article is to report the descriptive statistics for the responses obtained from the survey of Saudi Arabia students about their experience of using e-learning recommender system during their study. This article utilizes a survey questionnaire as the main instrument for data collection. Hence, a self-completion, well-structured questionnaire was developed based on previous literature and was then distributed to a random sample and participation was completely voluntary. A total sample of 353 university students from various universities in Saudi Arabia participated in this article. Results showed that user experience and service quality factors are significant predictors of students' adoption and post-adoption of e-learning recommender systems.
Analysis of the Characteristics on Dielectric Barrier Discharges Depending on the Relative Permittivity and Frequency
Authors: Lee Don Kyu
Published: January 2018

Various studies are being conducted on the application of DBD (Dielectric barrier discharges). The internal dielectric has a very important characteristic on DBD, thus we analyze of the characteristics on dielectric barrier discharges depending on the relative permittivity and frequency. Through simulation, the discharge voltage was calculated based on relative permittivity and frequency of real used dielectrics (Green sheet, Down dielectric, white dielectric). We investigate that increased relative permittivity and fast frequency occur the decrease of the firing voltage. Also, we investigate the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of dielectric layers measured at a frequency region of 100Hz to 10MHz. In a condition of drive within 1MHz, with regard to the change of real and imaginary part according to frequency, it has quite stable dielectric constant in the condition of drive within 1MHz.
Aerosol Systems of Supply Ventilation, as Means of Air Quality Improvement of Working Zones
Authors: Azarov Artem V. , Zhukova Natalia S. , Stefanenko I.V. , Nikolenko M.A.
Published: January 2018

Article is devoted to a research of aerosol systems of supply ventilation. Expediency of creation and use of water and aerosol systems for decrease in concentration of fine-dispersion dust in working zones, and as a result, decrease in negative impact on operators of various productions is proved. The design of a centrifugal mechanical one-slot-hole nozzle is proposed. Problems of dust content in air of a working zone and impact of particles of PM10 and PM2,5 on an organism of workers are considered.
New Developments in Scanning Microelectrochemical Techniques: A Highly Sensitive Route to Evaluate Degradation Reactions and Protection Methods with Chemical Selectivity
Authors: Souto Ricardo M. , Filotás Dániel , Fernández-Pérez Bibiana M. , Nagy Lívia , Nagy Géza
Published: January 2018

The scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) offers a highly sensitive route to evaluate degradation reactions and protection methods with chemical selectivity by using ion-selective microelectrodes as tips, thus operating SECM potentiometrically. Spatially resolved imaging of electrochemical reactivity related to each component of the investigated material can thus be effectively monitored selectively both in situ and in real time. The applicability of this method has been illustrated using a practical example of a metal-coating system, consisting in the exposure of cut edges of coil-coated galvanized steel to aqueous saline environment. In this contribution, localized pH and zinc(II) ion distributions originated around cut edges of coil coated steel immersed in 1 mM NaCl solution are shown.
Finite Element Simulation of Deep Drawing Processes for Shell Bar RR Impact RH/LH
Authors: Sunanta Aekkapon , Suranuntchai Surasak
Published: January 2018

Finite Element Method (FEM) is one of the most useful techniques to analyze problems in metal forming process because of this technique can reduce cost and time in die design and trial step [1]. This research is aimed to predict the optimal parameters in order to eliminate cracks and wrinkles on automotive deep drawing product “Shell Bar RR Impact RH/LH”. The material was made from high strength steel JSC440W sheet with thickness 1.8 mm. The parameters that had been investigated were blank holder force (BHF) and drawbead restraining force (DBRF). In order to simplify the process, punch and die in the simulation were assumed to be a rigid body, which neglected the small effect of elastic deformation. The material properties assumed to be anisotropic, behaved according to the constitutive equation of power law and deformed elastic-viscoplastic, which followed Barlat 3 components yield function. Most of the defects such as cracks and wrinkles were found during the processes on the parts. In the past, the practical productions were performed by trial and error, which involved high production cost, long lead time and wasted materials. From the results, when decreased blank holder force to 30 tons, cracks on the part were removed but wrinkles had a tendency to increase in part area because of this part is the asymmetrical shape. Finally, applying about drawbead restraining force at 154.49 and 99.75 N/mm could improve product quality. In conclusion, by using the simulation technique, the production quality and performance had been improved.
Influence of Water Vapor on Oxide Scale Morphology of Incoloy800HT at 850°C
Authors: Srisrual Anusara , Pitaksakorn Kasidet , Promdirek Piyorose
Published: January 2018

This paper aims to report the influence of water vapor on thermal oxide scale grown on incoloy800HT at 850°C. Alloy was prepared in coupons with a surface finishing up to 1200 SiC abrasive paper. Oxidization was performed in tubular furnace at 850°C during 50 hours. The oxidizing gases were varied as a dry oxygen gas and a wet oxygen gas. Thermal oxide morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Oxide phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The oxide multilayers were revealed in all the oxidized samples. Oxide spallation was obviously detected on the samples oxidized under a dry oxygen gas, whereas, the spallation was not detected on the samples oxidized under a wet oxygen gas. Moreover, by water vapor mixing gas, the alloy surface presented a finer oxide. XRD and Raman spectroscopy provided the coincident oxide identification results. The corundum oxide of (Fe,Cr)2O3and the spinel oxide of (Fe,Cr)3O4were identified as a typical thermal oxide, however, the oxides were different in stoichiometry. The existence of water vapor promoted a Cr2O3corundum oxide, whereas, a Fe3O4spinel oxide was hindered from the outer oxide layer. Hence, water vapor not only clearly influenced on oxide scale morphology but also affected on stoichiometry of (Fe,Cr)2O3and (Fe,Cr)3O4solid solution.
Design Study of Trapezoid-Shaped Magnetic Flux Concentrator for Axial Amplification Characteristics
Authors: Bi Yu , Zhang Xiao Ming , Wang Wan Jun
Published: January 2018

In this paper, the axial magnetic field amplification characteristics of the trapezoid-shaped magnetic flux concentrator at micrometer scale are studied. The factors of the dimension parameters including the ratio of the outer and inner width, the aspect ratio, the air gap, as well as the material property including the relative permeability influencing on the magnetic gain are analyzed using the finite element method. It indicates that the concentrator with air gap shows obvious magnetic amplification. The concentrator shows intensive magnetic gain with the increasing ratio of the outer and inner width, aspect ratio and the decreasing air gap. When the dimension parameters of the length, the outer width, the inner width, and the air gap are of 1000um, 200um, 10um, and 5um respectively, the magnetic gain of 65 is obtained. Additionally, the magnetic gain increases with the relative permeability of the concentrator. When the relative permeability reaches a certain value, the magnetic gain tends to saturation. The magnetic flux concentrator has a linear working range of 12.8mT. The study can provide a theoretical reference for the design and application of the trapezoid-shaped magnetic flux concentrator.
Potential visitors of spice tourism and their intended future behaviour: a case study in the Kolonna Divisional Secretariat Division of Sri Lanka
Authors: Malkanthi S. H. P.
Published: January 2018

Agro-tourism attracts visitors to an area, which is used primarily for agricultural purposes. Spice tourism is a form of agro-tourism that allows a specific land area for the benefits of the visitors to gain knowledge and experience of various spice crops, while roaming around the cultivations while feeling the aroma of spices. This study examined the potential visitors of spice tourism and their intended future behaviour regarding agro-tourism in spice gardens in the Kolonna Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD) of Sri Lanka. A field survey was conducted for 40 local and foreign visitors who had visited three popular tourist destinations, namely, Maduwanwela Walawwa, Panamure Ethgala and Wavulpane Limestone cave in Kolonna. The results revealed that the middle-aged, educated, employed people with higher levels of income and living in urban areas are the potential visitors of spice tourism. Although their knowledge about spices was high, the awareness on the concept of spice tourism was low. However, visitors were willing to visit and study spice gardens as tourism destinations,, and would also stay one to two days and purchase spice products. Therefore, it is worthwhile to establish spice tourism destinations in spice gardens in Kolonna for the benefit of visitors as well as spice growers.
Development of a sauce using Gymnema sylvestre leaves
Authors: Perera O. D. A. N. , Pavitha P.
Published: January 2018

Plant derived products have attracted enormous attention due to their diverse range of biological and therapeutic properties. Gymnema sylvestre is an underutilized medicinal herb, widely distributed in different parts of the world. It is rich in phytochemicals with anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties. However, the herb is less popular due to its bitter taste. This study was focused to develop a sauce using leaves of G. sylvestre. The most acceptable composition (17.2% water, 4.8% vinegar, 3.2% sweet potato, 2.6% chili, 2.0% sugar, 2.0% cinnamon, 2.0% cardamom, 1.8% ginger, 1.8% garlic, 1.2% onion, 1.2% salt, 0.1% citric acid and 0.1% sodium benzoate) of the sauce was with 60% leaf extract. The final product contained 73.54% ± 1.68 moisture, 19.92% ± 2.59 carbohydrates, 2.98% ± 0.44 ash, 2.61% ± 0.58 protein, 0.88% ± 0.05 fiber and 0.05% ± 0.01 fat. The total flavonoid content of the product was 243.67 ± 8.57 μ moles of rutin equivalent and the total phenolic content was 65.44 ±0.51 μ moles of gallic acid equivalent. Inhibition of DPPH % of the total antioxidant capacity was 43.70 ± 0.72. Sauce formulated with 1000 ppm sodium benzoate showed six weeks of shelf life. The results revealed that development of a sauce from G. sylvestre leaves is an effective way of delivering its health benefits to the potential consumers.
Editorial
Authors: Tapia Ladino Marcela , Leiva Gómez Sandra , Piñones Rivera Carlos
Published: January 2018

Ponemos a disposición de los lectores el nuevo número de Si Somos Americanos. Revista de Estudios Transfronterizos, correspondiente al Volumen 17 número 2, que consta de seis artículos y una reseña.
La nacionalización de los migrantes extranjeros: una capitalización social desde la participación asociativa y el compromiso cívico
Authors: Gaete Fiscella José Manuel , Ilabaca Baeza Paola
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo indaga sobre la relevancia social de la nacionalización de los migrantes extranjeros en la sociedad chilena. Particularmente, exploramos hasta qué punto la naturalización de los inmigrantes, en tanto capitalización administrativa-legal dado el reconocimiento de derechos, también se asocia con una capitalización social más allá del ámbito formal, el nivel individual y, eventualmente, repercusiones beneficiosas, tanto para el grupo migrado como para la sociedad de acogida. Para esto, se analizaron las prácticas asociativas y sociales de migrantes nacionalizados y no nacionalizados a partir de una submuestra de la encuesta CASEN (2015). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que entre los migrantes nacionalizados, dado sus niveles y patrones de participación social, se presenta una mayor capitalización social respecto de los migrantes no nacionalizados.
¿Rebeldes sin causa? Caballeros templarios y los límites de Insurgencia Criminal
Authors: Arratia Sandoval Esteban
Published: January 2018

Producto de la complejización y expansión de la violencia criminal durante la Guerra contra el narcotráfico, ha surgido un debate sobre la necesidad de resignificar el concepto insurgencia para aplicarlo al contexto mexicano, particularmente a Los Caballeros Templarios, un grupo criminal cuyo modus operandi se asemeja al utilizado por rebeldes. Sin embargo, ¿Los Caballeros Templarios representan un nuevo tipo de insurrección? Este trabajo pretende responder dicha interrogante, analizando y contrastando el comportamiento de ese cartel con los principales elementos teóricos de la insurrección: motivación, apoyo popular, uso de la violencia; y sujeto de mediación.
Imaging findings and outcomes in patients with carotid cavernous fistula at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital in Durban
Authors: Timol Nasr , Amod Khatija , Harrichandparsad Rohen , Duncan Royston , Reddy Tarylee
Published: January 2018

Background: Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are relatively uncommon and are difficult to diagnose clinically. Radiological imaging plays a significant role in making the diagnosis with recent advances improving the ability of radiologists to diagnose the condition. Despite these developments, digital subtracted angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard in diagnosing CCFs and simultaneously provides the opportunity for intervention.Objectives: To determine the imaging findings of patients presenting to Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH) with a CCF and to assess the outcome of endovascular intervention.Method: We reviewed the electronic records and archived imaging data of consecutive patients diagnosed with CCF between January 2003 and May 2016 at IALCH, in particular, the imaging findings, intervention and subsequent outcomes.Results: Computed tomography (CT) was the most utilised imaging modality prior to patients undergoing DSA. A dilated superior ophthalmic vein (96%) was the most prevalent imaging finding on axial imaging. At DSA, all except two patients had high-flow fistulas. The fistulas predominantly drained anteriorly (69.44%) and a cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm was identified in eight patients. Occlusion of the fistula was attained in all patients that were compliant with follow-up and underwent intervention (n = 36, 100%), but parent artery sacrifice was required in 10 cases (27.78%).Conclusion: A wide range of imaging modalities can be used in the workup of a CCF. CT is currently the most accessible modality in our setting, with limited access to magnetic resonance imaging. On axial imaging, a dilated superior ophthalmic vein is the commonest finding. Classification of a fistula according to flow dynamics and noting the presence of aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms was found to be more practical in comparison to the traditional Barrow’s classification. Management outcomes at our institution compare well with available local and international data.
Diagnostic importance of CD56 with fine-needle aspiration cytology in suspected papillary thyroid carcinoma cases
Authors: Solmaz Ozgen Arslan
Published: January 2018

Background:

Palpable thyroid nodules can be found in 4%–7% of the adult population; however, <5% of thyroid nodules are malignant. Immunohistochemical markers, such as CD56, can be used to make a differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions. To increase the accuracy of the diagnosis and distinguish the malignant aspirates from the benign ones, chose to evaluate CD56, which is normally found in benign thyroid tissue.

Methods:

A total of 53 fine-needle aspirate samples from patients diagnosed with suspected papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were included prospectively. These aspirates were immunocytochemically stained for CD56.

Results:

In histopathological examination, the fine-needle aspiration cytopathology specimens suspicious for PTC (after undergoing surgery) showed that 32 (60.4%) were benign and 21 (39.6%) were malignant. Thirty-one of the benign cases (96.87%) were CD56-positive, whereas the last case (3.13%) was CD56-negative. Staining was not seen in any of the malignant cases.

Conclusions:

We believe that CD56 is an important marker in the definitive diagnosis of suspected PTC cases, with CD56-positivity being interpreted in favor of benignity.
Dejanske in imaginarne knjižnice v povezavi z neskončnostjo
Authors: Škerlj Nena
Published: January 2018

Knjižnice kot institucije, arhitekture, zbirke, simbole in metafore med drugim bistveno določa tudi pojem neskončnosti. Oblike neskončnosti se lahko pojavljajo v dejanskih knjižnicah (v arhitekturi, klasifikaciji in razvrščanju zbirk, vsebini gradiva, simboliki), v imaginarnih knjižnicah (ki nastopajo v imaginarnih krajih in zanje ne veljajo zakoni znanega časa, prostora in perspektiv) in nevidnih knjižnicah (ki se razlikujejo od bralca do bralca, niso omenjane v tekstih, bralci pa jih lahko vnašajo sami in z njimi poselijo določene kraje in svetove v zgodbah). Članek prikaže, kako v dejanske knjižnice lahko prek ustvarjalne naravnanosti in ostrenja čuta za neskončnost vdirajo podobe imaginarnih knjižnic, lahko pa tudi podobe nevidnih knjižnic, in jih na različne načine bogatijo.
Origenova »λόγων ἀρχαίων συγγράμματα« od Aleksandrije do Cezareje: grštvo in krščanstvo na polju zapisanega znanja
Authors: Bogataj Jan Dominik
Published: January 2018

Preko analize Origenovih biografskih virov pod vidikom knjige, knjižnice in nasploh (zapisanega) znanja se razkriva globlje vprašanje soočenja grške paideie in krščanstva na prelomu iz 2. v 3. stoletje. Prelomni dogodek Origenovega življenja, ko razda svojo knjižnico antične literature, λόγων ἀρχαίων συγγράμματα (HE 6.3.9), postane paradigmatičen za namen interpretacije Svetega pisma. Leta 2012 odkrite Origenove pridige v Codex Monacensis Graecus 314 dodatno osvetljujejo ta razvoj do zrelega Origena. Preko njegovih del in življenja kaže, da krščanska zapisana beseda ni nekaj ezoteričnega in odmaknjenega, temveč se Kristusovo u-telešenje stopnjuje preko u-besedenja v Svetem pismu, zato je krščanski pogled na zapisano besedo, knjige, knjižnice lahko stimulativen.
In memoriam: prof. dr. Erika Mihevc Gabrovec
Authors: Kavčič Jerneja , Gantar Kajetan , Simoniti Primož , Senegačnik Brane , Orešnik Janez
Published: January 2018

Prispevki z žalne seje na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani (26. 5. 2017)
Knjiga kot dar: darovalci in darovi v licejski oziroma Cesarsko-kraljevi študijski knjižnici v Ljubljani med 1774 in 1860
Authors: Svoljšak Sonja , Kocjan Urša
Published: January 2018

Prispevek predstavlja pregled darovalcev in darov v licejski oziroma Cesarsko-kraljevi študijski knjižnici, ki so popisani kot posebni korpusi, zabeleženi v najstarejšem zvezku akcesijskih knjig (do leta 1860), ali pa jih navaja »Zgodovina Cesarsko kraljeve študijske knjižnice v Ljubljani« Konrada Stefana. Poleg posameznikov in ustanov, ki so zabeleženi z imeni, na podlagi pregleda prisotnosti podatkov o nekdanjem lastništvu v podarjenih knjigah skušamo identificirati tudi darovalce, ki v virih niso navedeni poimensko. Sledi analiza deleža ter vsebine in pomena darov za razvoj nekdanje licejske oziroma študijske knjižnice v Ljubljani do leta 1860.
On Unusual Librarians, Good Readers, and a Confusion of Literary Characters Who Finally Find Their Stories
Authors: Haramija Dragica
Published: January 2018

This paper introduces a selection of children’s literature which features the library as a literary setting and as an important repository of knowledge in human history. Libraries are directly related to books, which are directly related to writing: the development of writing systems, writing materials, the printing press and books is outlined in a work by Aksinja Kermauner, Modrost starodavnega anka [The Wisdom of the Ancient Ank] (2000). The study further focuses on the literary works that share a common theme, i.e. the theme of literary characters who come to life and emerge from books, creating a confusion. The basic element of these literary works is intertextuality, since it is familiarity with the literature referred to that brings resolution to the chaos and restores the initial order. Such works, classified as fantastic literature, require a good reader who can assign the characters to their respective narratives and thus solve the problem. The study focuses on the following texts: Neobična knjižničarka [Adventure in the Library, lit. An Unusual Librarian], a fantastic short story written by Kašmir Huseinović and illustrated by Andrea Petrlik Huseinović (Slovene trans. 2011); Kérity, la maison des contes [Eleanor’s Secret], a fantastic short story written by Anik Le Ray and illustrated by Rébecca Dautremer (Slovene trans. 2012); and 49:03:39, a fantastic novel by Neli Kodrič Filipić (2008). Another important aspect besides intertextuality is the cultural and historical context of the primary referential books. The setting in the three books analysed is a library, either public (Neobična knjižničarka, 49:03:39) or private (Kérity).
A replication of ‘Education and catch-up in the Industrial Revolution’ (American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2011)
Authors: Edwards Jeremy
Published: January 2018

Although European economic history provides essentially no support for the view that education of the general population has a positive causal effect on economic growth, a recent paper by Becker, Hornung and Woessmann (Education and Catch-Up in the Industrial Revolution, 2011) claims that such education had a significant impact on Prussian industrialisation. The author shows that the instrumental variable BHW use to identify the causal effect of education is correlated with variables that influenced industrialisation but were omitted from their regression models. When this specification error is corrected, and a systematic model selection procedure is used, the evidence shows that education of the general population had, if anything, a negative causal impact on industrialisation in Prussia.
Fontes e evolução do princípio do equilíbrio contratual
Authors: Do Rêgo Monteiro Filho Carlos Edison , Rito Fernanda Paes Leme Peyneau
Published: January 2018

Na teoria contratual contemporânea, os princípios clássicos da autonomia privada, da obrigatoriedade dos pactos e da relatividade devem ser relidos à luz dos princípios da boa-fé objetiva, da função social e do equilíbrio contratual. O presente trabalho propõe o estudo do princípio do equilíbrio contratual em perspectiva funcional, devendo o intérprete proceder à análise (não apenas das prestações pactuadas expressamente, mas) da relação jurídica como processo. Empreende a análise crítica das fontes e evolução do princípio do equilíbrio, bem como da jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça sobre o tema.
Volcanic impact on the climate – the stratospheric aerosol load in the period 2006–2015
Authors: Friberg Johan , Martinsson Bengt G. , Andersson Sandra M. , Sandvik Oscar S.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We present a study on the stratospheric aerosol load during 2006–2015, discuss the influence from volcanism and other sources, and reconstruct an AOD data-set in a resolution of 1° latitudinally and 8 days timewise. Our attempt is to include the entire stratosphere, from the tropopause to the almost particle free altitudes of the mid-stratosphere. A dynamic tropopause of 1.5 PVU was found to be the best suited one, enclosing almost all of the volcanic signals in the CALIOP data-set. New methods were developed to handle bias in the data. The data were successfully cleaned from polar stratospheric clouds using a temperature threshold of 195 K. Furthermore, a method was developed to correct data when the CALIPSO laser beam was strongly attenuated by volcanic aerosol, preventing a negative bias in the AOD data-set. Tropospheric influence, likely from upwelling dust, was found in the extratropical transition layer in spring. Eruptions of both extratropical and tropical volcanoes that injected aerosol into the stratosphere impacted the stratospheric aerosol load for up to a year if their clouds reached lower than 20 km altitudes, whereas deeper reaching tropical injections rose in the tropical pipe and impacted it for several years. Over the years 2006–2015, volcanic eruptions increased the stratospheric AOD on average by ~ 40 %. In absolute numbers the stratospheric AOD and radiative forcing amounted to 0.008 and −0.2 Wm−2, respectively.
Single-footprint retrievals for AIRS using a fast TwoSlab cloud-representation model and the SARTA all-sky infrared radiative transfer algorithm
Authors: DeSouza-Machado Sergio , Strow L. Larrabee , Tangborn Andrew , Huang Xianglei , Chen Xiuhong , Liu Xu , Wu Wan , Yang Qiguang
Published: January 2018

Abstract. One-dimensional variational retrievals of temperature and moisture fields from hyperspectral infrared (IR) satellite sounders use cloud-cleared radiances (CCRs) as their observation. These derived observations allow the use of clear-sky-only radiative transfer in the inversion for geophysical variables but at reduced spatial resolution compared to the native sounder observations. Cloud clearing can introduce various errors, although scenes with large errors can be identified and ignored. Information content studies show that, when using multilayer cloud liquid and ice profiles in infrared hyperspectral radiative transfer codes, there are typically only 2–4 degrees of freedom (DOFs) of cloud signal. This implies a simplified cloud representation is sufficient for some applications which need accurate radiative transfer. Here we describe a single-footprint retrieval approach for clear and cloudy conditions, which uses the thermodynamic and cloud fields from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models as a first guess, together with a simple cloud-representation model coupled to a fast scattering radiative transfer algorithm (RTA). The NWP model thermodynamic and cloud profiles are first co-located to the observations, after which the N-level cloud profiles are converted to two slab clouds (TwoSlab; typically one for ice and one for water clouds). From these, one run of our fast cloud-representation model allows an improvement of the a priori cloud state by comparing the observed and model-simulated radiances in the thermal window channels. The retrieval yield is over 90 %, while the degrees of freedom correlate with the observed window channel brightness temperature (BT) which itself depends on the cloud optical depth. The cloud-representation and scattering package is benchmarked against radiances computed using a maximum random overlap (RMO) cloud scheme. All-sky infrared radiances measured by NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and NWP thermodynamic and cloud profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast model are used in this paper.
Evaluating tropospheric humidity from GPS radio occultation, radiosonde, and AIRS from high-resolution time series
Authors: Rieckh Therese , Anthes Richard , Randel William , Ho Shu-Peng , Foelsche Ulrich
Published: January 2018

Abstract. While water vapor is the most important tropospheric greenhouse gas, it is also highly variable in both space and time, and water vapor concentrations range over three orders of magnitude in the troposphere. These properties challenge all observing systems to accurately measure and resolve the vertical structure and variability of tropospheric humidity. In this study we characterize the humidity measurements of various observing techniques, including four separate Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) humidity retrievals (UCAR direct, UCAR 1D-Var, WEGC 1D-Var, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) direct), radiosonde, and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data. Furthermore, we evaluate how well the ERA-Interim reanalysis and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) model perform in analyzing water vapor at different levels. To investigate detailed vertical structure, we used time–height cross sections over specific locations (radiosonde stations in the tropical and subtropical western Pacific) for the year 2007. We found that RO humidity has comparable or better accuracy than both radiosonde and AIRS humidity over 800 hPa to 400 hPa, as well as below 800 hPa if super-refraction is absent. The various RO retrievals of specific humidity agree within 20 % in the 1000 hPa to 400 hPa layer, and differences are most pronounced above 600 hPa.
Modelling the main ionospheric trough using the Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) with assimilated GPS TEC
Authors: Parker James A. D. , Pryse S. Eleri , Jackson-Booth Natasha , Buckland Rachel A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The main ionospheric trough is a large-scale spatial depletion in the electron density distribution at the interface between the high- and mid-latitude ionosphere. In western Europe it appears in early evening, progresses equatorward during the night, and retreats rapidly poleward at dawn. It exhibits substantial day-to-day variability and under conditions of increased geomagnetic activity it moves progressively to lower latitudes. Steep gradients on the trough-walls on either side of the trough minimum, and their variability, can cause problems for radio applications. Numerous studies have sought to characterize and quantify the trough behaviour. The Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) models the ionosphere on a global scale. It assimilates observations into a background ionosphere, the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI2007), to provide a full 3-D representation of the ionospheric plasma distribution at specified times and days. This current investigation studied the capability of EDAM to model the ionosphere in the region of the main trough. Total electron content (TEC) measurements from 46 GPS stations in western Europe from September to December 2002 were assimilated into EDAM to provide a model of the ionosphere in the trough region. Vertical electron content profiles through the model revealed the trough and the detail of its structure. Statistical results are presented of the latitude of the trough minimum, TEC at the minimum and of other defined parameters that characterize the trough structure. The results are compared with previous observations made with the Navy Ionospheric Monitoring System (NIMS), and reveal the potential of EDAM to model the large-scale structure of the ionosphere. Keywords. Ionosphere (midlatitude ionosphere; modelling and forecasting) – radio science (ionospheric physics)
Nitrogen and phosphorus recycling mediated by copepods in Western Tropical South Pacific
Authors: Valdés Valentina , Carlotti François , Escribano Ruben , Donoso Katty , Pagano Marc , Molina Veronica , Fernandez Camila
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Zooplankton play a key role in the regeneration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ocean through grazing and metabolism. This study investigates the role of the organic and inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds released by copepods on biogeochemical processes and on the microbial community composition during the OUTPACE cruise (18 February–3 April 2015) at three long duration stations (LD). Two LD stations were located in the Melanesian Archipelago region (MA; LD A and LD B) and one in the South Pacific Gyre (SG; LD C), which represent oligotrophic and ultraoligotrophic regions respectively. At each station, microcosm onboard experiments were performed with locally sampled organisms, comprising a mix of epipelagic copepods fed with their natural food and then incubated along with wild microbial assemblages. In presence of copepods, ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen showed a significant increase, compared to a control in two situations: in ammonium concentration (increasing rate: 0.29 μmol L−1 h−1 after 4 h of incubation) in LD C and in dissolved organic nitrogen concentration (rate: 2.13 μmol L−1 h−1 after 0.5 h of incubation) in LD A. In addition, during the three experiments, an enhanced remineralization (ammonification and nitrification) was observed when adding copepods compared to the controls. A shift in the composition of active bacterial community was observed for the experiments in LD A and LD B mainly characterized by an increase in Alteromonadales and SAR11, respectively and linked with changes in nutrient concentrations. In the experiment performed in LD C, both groups increased but at different periods of incubation, Alteromonadales between 1 and 2 h after the beginning of the experiment, and SAR 11 at the end of incubation. Finally, our experimental results in near in situ conditions, show that copepods can be a source of organic and inorganic compounds for bacterial communities, which respond to excretion pulses at different scales, depending on the initial environmental conditions and on their community composition. These processes can contribute significantly to nutrient recycling in the epipelagic ecosystem of ultra and oligotrophic oceanic regions.
Comparative analyses of hydrological responses of two adjacent watersheds to climate variability and change using the SWAT model
Authors: Lee Sangchul , Yeo In-Young , Sadeghi Ali M. , McCarty Gregory W. , Hively Wells D. , Lang Megan W. , Sharifi Amir
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Water quality problems in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed (CBW)
are expected to be exacerbated by climate variability and change. However,
climate impacts on agricultural lands and resultant nutrient loads into
surface water resources are largely unknown. This study evaluated the impacts
of climate variability and change on two adjacent watersheds in the Coastal
Plain of the CBW, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. We
prepared six climate sensitivity scenarios to assess the individual impacts
of variations in CO2 concentration (590 and 850 ppm), precipitation
increase (11 and 21 %),
and temperature increase (2.9 and 5.0 ∘C), based on regional general
circulation model (GCM) projections. Further, we considered the ensemble of
five GCM projections (2085–2098) under the Representative Concentration
Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario to evaluate simultaneous changes in CO2,
precipitation, and temperature. Using SWAT model simulations from 2001 to
2014 as a baseline scenario, predicted hydrologic outputs (water and nitrate
budgets) and crop growth were analyzed. Compared to the baseline scenario, a
precipitation increase of 21 % and elevated CO2 concentration of
850 ppm significantly increased streamflow and nitrate loads by 50 and
52 %, respectively, while a temperature increase of 5.0 ∘C
reduced streamflow and nitrate loads by 12 and 13 %, respectively. Crop
biomass increased with elevated CO2 concentrations due to enhanced
radiation- and water-use efficiency, while it decreased with precipitation
and temperature increases. Over the GCM ensemble mean, annual streamflow and
nitrate loads showed an increase of ∼ 70 % relative to the baseline
scenario, due to elevated CO2 concentrations and precipitation increase.
Different hydrological responses to climate change were observed from the two
watersheds, due to contrasting land use and soil characteristics. The
watershed with a larger percent of croplands demonstrated a greater increased
rate of 5.2 kg N ha−1 in nitrate yield relative to the watershed with
a lower percent of croplands as a result of increased export of nitrate
derived from fertilizer. The watershed dominated by poorly drained soils
showed increased nitrate removal due do enhanced denitrification compared to
the watershed dominated by well-drained soils. Our findings suggest that
increased implementation of conservation practices would be necessary for
this region to mitigate increased nitrate loads associated with predicted
changes in future climate.
Espacio Fiscal y Protección Social en Honduras
Authors: Pino Hugo Noé , Del Cid Rafael
Published: January 2018

Una de las discusiones importantes en materia de política fiscal en países en vías de desarrollo es cómo generar recursos que apoyen el crecimiento económico y amplíen y mejoren el gasto social. Estas discusiones se han formalizado en la literatura económica del denominado espacio fiscal, término utilizado para referirse al esfuerzo por identificar y movilizar recursos que permitan alcanzar objetivos de crecimiento económico y/o de desarrollo social. Este trabajo presenta las principales discusiones sobre el concepto espacio fiscal, sus fuentes y experiencias recientes en algunos países. Especial énfasis tiene el análisis del caso de Honduras, tanto desde el punto de vista de lo estudiado hasta ahora, como de la revisión actual de su situación fiscal y social. Se finaliza haciendo una propuesta de los espacios fiscales que puede aprovechar Honduras para el financiamiento de la protección social.
Elucubraciones acerca del derecho fundamental al olvido en el Perú y en el derecho comparado, a propósito de su reconocimiento y evolución
Authors: Torres Manrique Jorge Isaac
Published: January 2018

El derecho fundamental al olvido, es un nuevo derecho que surge como resultante negativo del desarrollo de la tecnología. Así, el derecho al olvido se encuentra orientado a impedir y contrarrestar los perjuicios que genera la no poca como dañina información personal publicada en la Red. En la presente entrega, el autor analiza de manera profunda como amplia, los diversos alcances y aristas del mismo, para concluir esbozando propuestas al respecto.
Aporte de las tecnologías de la información para el desarrollo sostenible de Honduras
Authors: Raudales Centeno Carlos Marlon
Published: January 2018

La masificación en el uso de las TI, en especial la telefonía móvil, el acceso a Internet y las conexiones en banda ancha son ejes centrales en el análisis de impacto de las TI en nuevos servicios y productos, en nuevos modelos organizacionales y en el aumento de la intensidad del trabajo y conocimiento de la fuerza laboral. Para obtener el máximo rendimiento de la digitalización, tiene que ser difundida dentro de los sectores económicos y sociales de la nación.Esta investigación, mediante una revisión bibliográfica para obtener datos y luego someterlos al análisis, se enfoca en establecer una aproximación de la contribución de las Tecnologías de la Información (TI) al desarrollo sostenible en Honduras. Su objetivo es identificar cómo las TI han contribuido y contribuirán a este proceso alineándolas al crecimiento económico, cuidado del medio ambiente y desarrollo social del país, utilizando como instrumento base el Subíndice de Impacto de las TI del Reporte Global de Tecnologías de la Información 2015 del Foro Económico Mundial.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A ‘AUTORIA’ À LUZ DA HISTÓRIA CULTURAL: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE ROGER CHARTIER
Authors: CURCINO Luzmara
Published: January 2018

Neste texto apresentamos algumas contribuições de Roger Chartier, historiador cultural da escrita e da leitura no Ocidente, para a depreensão de distintas modalidades históricas de construção da autoria tal como a concebemos atualmente, assim como para a compreensão do funcionamento discursivo característico da ‘função autor’.
AUCTORIALITÉ ET PSEUDONYMIE
Authors: MAINGUENEAU Dominique
Published: January 2018

Après avoir présenté rapidement la conception de l ́auctorialité que j’ai proposée il y a quelque temps, je soutiens dans cet article qu’elle entretient une étroite relation avec la pseudonymie. Je justifie en outre la différence de fonctionnement de la pseudonymie dans les champs littéraire et philosophique. Enfin, je compare brièvement deux cas, tirés de chacun de ces deux domaines. J’illustre cette analyse avec des photographies de deux auteurs pseudonymes, en établissant une relation significative entre elles et la manière dont chacun des deux champs gère la pseudonymie.
O PROBLEMA DO AUTOR E A INVENÇÃO DO HOMEM: FOUCAULT, BARTHES E A MODERNIDADE
Authors: GRÜNHAGEN Sara , MARTINS Luiz Paulo Leitão
Published: January 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo retomar a discussão em torno do aparecimento-desaparecimento da função autor, propondo uma articulação entre essa problemática e a questão moderna do surgimento do homem. Conforme Foucault, o homem como sujeito do conhecimento e objeto do saber é uma invenção recente na história do Ocidente, cujo aparecimento remete ao distanciamento arqueológico entre as palavras e as coisas. Atravessado pela categoria da história, o ser torna-se aquilo que precisa ser pensado, e isso com base em uma nova composição entre os símbolos e a interpretação. No caso de Barthes, observa-se uma reflexão em torno da formação de uma identidade da figura do autor na medida em que, em uma articulação entre autor e obra, pretende-se fornecer um significado último do texto, como modo de fechamento e de encerramento da escritura. A partir desses dois autores, buscaremos oferecer uma leitura crítica a propósito do reaparecimento da figura do autor na contemporaneidade e apontar para uma relação fundamental entre a construção-desconstrução da categoria de autoria na literatura e a emergência histórica do homem na arqueologia moderna.
PRÁTICAS DE LEITURA E ESCRITA EM CONTEXTO DIGITAL: AUTORIA E(M) NOVOS MÍDIUNS
Authors: KOMESU Fabiana , GALLI Fernanda Correa Silveira
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar a noção de autor em novos mídiuns, considerando-se a relação (de oposição) entre usuário (das tecnologias) e sujeito (da linguagem) como imprescindível para a investigação de práticas sociais de leitura e escrita emergentes em contexto digital. Com base em pressupostos dos Novos Estudos do Letramento e da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, busca-se discutir como uma noção de autor vinculada à projeção da imagem de usuário das tecnologias (aquele que saberia acessar, criar, compartilhar, distribuir, consumir, compreender e selecionar “informação”) mostra-se pouco produtiva numa reflexão sobre linguagem e tecnologias, uma vez que, de uma perspectiva discursiva, (i) a informação não é localizável fora do modo de constituição dos sujeitos; (ii) o sujeito não tem controle sobre produção e disseminação de informação (de sentidos).
O DISCURSO DA AVALIAÇÃO EXTERNA “PROVINHA BRASIL” SOBRE O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA E AS IMPLICAÇÕES PARA AUTORIA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: PACÍFICO Soraya Maria Romão
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho, que tem como fundamentação teórica a Análise do discurso pecheuxtiana, objetiva analisar o discurso do documento oficial do Guia de Aplicação da Avaliação externa Provinha Brasil 2012, a fim de observar o que é esperado do ensino de língua portuguesa no documento e as implicações disso para a autoria, no Ensino Fundamental. O conceito de autoria será entendido conforme pensado pelos estudiosos brasileiros, filiados à Análise do Discurso. Foi analisado o discurso do Guia de Aplicação de Leitura- Teste 2, de 2012 e duas atividades propostas para o aluno, na Provinha Brasil do mesmo ano. Como resultado, podemos dizer que as atividades da Provinha Brasil concentram-se em avaliar as habilidades do aluno de reconhecimento de letras e de informações explícitas retiradas do texto em questão. Pelo fato de os professores sentirem-se cobrados pelos resultados obtidos pelos alunos nessa avaliação externa, entendemos que as práticas pedagógicas podem ser tão reducionistas quanto as questões da Provinha Brasil, avaliação que acaba funcionando como um modelo de ensino a ser praticado pelos professores. Em decorrência disso, o trabalho com autoria, que vai muito além do reconhecimento de letras e palavras, bem como de cópia de informações retiradas do texto, permanece à margem das atividades de leitura e escrita nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.
O DISCURSO SOBRE AUTORIA NA ESFERA DIDÁTICO- PEDAGÓGICA: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES.
Authors: MENDONÇA Marina Célia
Published: January 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir, a partir da perspectiva da análise dialógica do discurso, ressignificações dos conceitos de “autoria” e “indícios de autoria” quando migram da esfera científica para a esfera didático-pedagógica.
A A SEMÂNTICA DOS NUMERAIS DISTRIBUTIVOS: UM ESTUDO ENTRE LÍNGUAS
Authors: MÜLLER Ana , DONAZZAN Marta , SANCHEZ-MENDES Luciana
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a semântica dos numerais distributivos em três línguas: português brasileiro (românica), chinês mandarim (sino-tibetana), e karitiana (arikém, tupi). A despeito da diferença tipológica, propomos uma análise uniforme para esses operadores. Analisamos os numerais distributivos nas três línguas como advérbios que estão associados a uma semântica de pluracionalidade dos eventos. Consideramos que a distribuição é um subproduto da pluralização dos eventos (CABLE, 2014). Assim, torna-se possível fornecer uma entrada lexical única que abarca as diferentes interpretações das sentenças em que esses numerais ocorrem.
DESEMPENHO PERCEPTIVO AUDITIVO DE CRIANÇAS NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE CONTRASTES FONOLÓGICO ENTRE AS FRICATIVAS
Authors: VILLEGA Cristyane de Camargo Sampaio , BERTI Larissa Cristina
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Verificar o padrão perceptivo-auditivo de crianças na tarefa de identificação de contraste fonológico das consoantes fricativas; verificar o grau de similaridade perceptual entre os fonemas e os contrastes fricativos; investigar se há correlação entre idade e acurácia perceptivo-auditiva. Métodos: Foram selecionadas informações referentes ao desempenho perceptivo-auditivo de 55 crianças, entre 5-6 anos de idade, em tarefa de identificação perceptivo-auditiva das fricativas do Português Brasileiro. A tarefa consistiu na apresentação do estímulo acústico, por meio de fones de ouvido, e na escolha da gravura correspondente à palavra apresentada, dentre duas possibilidades de gravuras dispostas na tela do computador. O tempo de apresentação do estímulo e o tempo de reação das crianças foram computados automaticamente pelo software PERCEVAL. Resultados: Observou-se acurácia perceptivo- auditiva de 74,48%. O tempo de resposta dos erros foi superior aos acertos. Na matriz de confusão: as fricativas vozeadas apresentaram melhor acurácia do que as não vozeadas, mostrando que as pistas que marcam o vozeamento foram mais robustas do que as pistas de ponto de articulação. Considerando apenas os erros de ponto de articulação, observou-se que a distância fonética desempenha um papel fundamental no processo perceptivo-auditivo. Houve correlação positiva entre as variáveis idade e acurácia perceptivo-auditiva. Conclusão: Crianças da faixa etária estudada não apresentam um domínio efetivo na identificação dos contrastes fricativos, sendo atingido com o aumento da idade. Os contrastes fricativos apresentam diferentes graus de similaridade, sugerindo uma hierarquia perceptivo-auditiva no interior dessa classe.
APRENDIZES BRASILEIROS DE INGLÊS E SUA SENSIBILIDADE AOS CONTEXTOS PREFERENCIAIS DE USO DAS CONSTRUÇÕES DATIVAS DO INGLÊS
Authors: ZARA Júlia Vidigal , MELLO Heliana Ribeiro de , PAIXÃO Crysttian Arantes
Published: January 2018

Este estudo investigou a sensibilidade de aprendizes brasileiros de inglês aos seguintes fatores que influenciam a alternância dativa do inglês: pronominalidade, animacidade, acessibilidade discursiva e extensão dos argumentos recipiente e tema. Utilizando a metodologia da Linguística de Corpus (MCENERY e HARDIE 2012), nossa investigação baseou-se na análise de produções escritas e orais de falantes de inglês/L1 e da interlíngua português/ inglês extraídas de 4 corpora. Os resultados obtidos por meio dessa análise indicam que brasileiros aprendizes de inglês de níveis intermediário e avançado são capazes não somente de adquirir as construções dativas do inglês, mas também de selecioná-las em seus contextos preferenciais de uso.