bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinematic Modeling of the Variable Vector Propeller in Type of Disk Connecting-Rods
Authors: Li Feng Lai , Chang Xin , Kong Fan Kai , Zhao Zhi Bo
Published: August 2011

Variable vector propeller has characteristics of small compact structure and lightweight, and the thrust in any direction can be generated due to the cyclical change of blade pitch angle. The structure of a propeller is a complex spatial mechanism, so its kinematic analysis is the basis of controlling the propeller, the dynamics research, the structural parameters design and checking of the propeller. The propeller considering the mechanism of disk connecting rod variable pitch as the basic design is researched in this study. The mechanism analysis was carried out by means of the mechanism theory, the spatial kinematic modeling for bodies was completed, the motion relationship was derived and the related kinematic equations were obtained.
Mobility Analysis of Power Flow through the Half Shaft System of the Turntable
Authors: Li Qiu Hong , Xue Kai , Li Yan , Qin Tao
Published: August 2011

Based on a classical model of the noise and vibration control, the dynamic modal of the turntable shafting of the typical half shaft system (shaft-bearing-framework) is established. The transmission matrix method is applied to analyze the dynamical model. The power flow expression of the subsystem is derived from theoretical analysis using the sub-structure mobility method. The bearing system uses Lim model. The technology lays foundation on the vibration property of the turntable structure for the further research.
Design and Control System Research on Mating Device of Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Zhong Lin , Wang Li Quan
Published: August 2011

With the development and research on the ocean, underwater mating technique has received wide applications such as the exploration of ocean bed, the scientific observation, the deep ocean workstation, and the aided submarine lifesaving. By investigating the mating devices at home and abroad, a mating device of underwater vehicle was developed. Three-dimension assembly of the mating device indicated it can meet the working space of underwater vehicle passageway and there is no interference. It is analyzed that the device can meet the need of a bigger obliquity. Design and simulation on control system of mating device was conducted. The simulation results showed that the system is stable, and it lends itself to the design of the mating device of underwater vehicle.
Measurement and Control Device of Preloaded Ball Screw Drive
Authors: Ma Xue Feng , Hao Chao , Li Fu Qiang
Published: August 2011

The deviation often appears in the feeding device of machine because of the screw spindle geometry torsional moment and the wear. The automatic compensation of the changes was proposed by means of a ball screw pretightening device by using adjustable force measurement and control. The detail design and simulation were conducted for the specific device. A case study was presented for the CNC lathe’s application. Testing results have shown that the device can be easily operated with an acceptable precision for positioning.
Error Estimation for Machining Center Contouring and its Experimental Verification
Authors: Qiu Hua , Lin Chao
Published: August 2011

This paper presents a simulation approach for estimating the trajectory error of a linear interpolation cutter path produced by the numerical control Acc/Dec motion characteristics for a MC. The algorithm is very simple and efficient for simulation calculation. Through comparing the machined profiles of workpiece with the calculated cutter path trajectories, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is sufficiently demonstrated.
Review of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly Aspects to Designing Modern Micro-Wave and Sheet Metal Products
Authors: Lohtander Mika , Eskelinen Harri , Varis Juha
Published: August 2011

In this paper, we present different points of view to make the sheet metal and micro-wave product as manufacturing friendly as possible. Within DFM(A)-research (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly), engineering design and manufacturability of Micro-Wave (MW) and sheet metal products has been studied. Other aspects of DFM(A) have risen from novel material applications and the development of CAD (Computer Aided Design) environments. In this paper, practical examples are presented to show how to apply DFMA-rules to MW- and sheet metal components, in particular, and how to develop DFM(A)-rules for these purposes.
Surface and Subsurface Damages of CdZnTe Substrates Ground by Diamond Grinding Wheel
Authors: Gao Shang , Kang Ren Ke , Li Y. , Gao Hang
Published: August 2011

Surface and subsurface damage affect the preparation of high-resolution HgCdTe and CdZnTe detectors. Grinding experiments were performed on CdZnTe substrates with the grinding wheels of different abrasive sizes. The surface topography and subsurface damages of CdZnTe substrates ground by diamond grinding wheels with different grit sizes were studied. The effects of the grit sizes of grinding wheels on the surface topography and subsurface damage of CdZnTe substrates were discussed. The surface roughness and subsurface damage layer depth of CdZnTe after grinding with #3000 diamond grinding wheel are only Ra 7 nm and 100 nm, proved that grinding is of great potential for CdZnTe substrate processing.
A Study of Machining Characteristics of YG8 in High Speed Grinding
Authors: Yu Jian Wu , Cheng M. , Yin Shao Hui , Xie G.Z. , Zhou X.L.
Published: August 2011

The machining characteristics of cemented carbide YG8 under high speed grinding conditions are reported in this paper. The experimental investigation focused on the grinding force, surface roughness and surface characteristics influenced by various wheel speeds, feed rates and depths of cut. Surface roughness was slightly improved by increasing of wheel speed, and the increase in hmax generated bigger grinding force and decreased specific energy, which could be explained by material removal mode and SEM micrographs of surface. The results revealed that high machining efficiency was achieved and relatively good surface roughness was obtained simultaneously.
Effect of Arraying Patterns of Diamond Grits on the Grinding Forces of Mono-Layer Brazed Diamond Tool
Authors: Zhang Feng Lin , He Meng Jia , Zhou Yu Mei , Huang Hui Ping , Fan Jing Ming
Published: August 2011

Four uniform patterns include grid (GD), concentric circle (CC), spiral (SL) and uniformly random (UR) and one non-uniform (NUR) pattern of diamond grits are designed to fabricate mono-layer brazed diamond grinding tools. The grinding forces of five tools in the cut-in and the stable grinding processes are tested and compared. The results showed that NUR tool has the higher lateral and normal grinding forces than that of other uniformly tools in the cut-in and the stable grinding processes. GD owns the lower and smoother grinding forces than that of other tools in the cut-in process. In the stable grinding process the mean grinding forces of UR tool, namely FLM and FZM, are higher than that of GD, CC and SL tools. And normally CC and SL tools own the lower grinding forces than that of GD tool, especially at the higher feeding speed.
Experimental Research of Grinding TC4 Titanium Alloy Using Green Silicon Carbide Wheel
Authors: Zheng Xiao Hu , Liu Z.Q. , Guo Guo Qiang , An Qing Long , Chen Ming
Published: August 2011

Titanium alloy is widely used in aerospace and aircraft industries but it is a kind of difficult-to-cut material. In this paper, wet grinding and dry grinding of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V using green silicon carbide wheel were investigated. The specific tangential force and force ratio were calculated and surface roughness of machined surfaces was measured. The morphology of machined surface were observed by SEM. The experimental results showed that the specific tangential forces were big. The depth of cutting has greater influence on surface roughness than workpiece speed. The surface roughness of wet grinding was better than dry grinding. Micro cracks were observed on wet grinding. The main reason is the high temperature and quenching cracking.
Experimental Study of Grinding Characteristics on SiCp/Al Composites
Authors: Zhou Li , Huang Shu Tao , Yu Xiao Lin
Published: August 2011

This paper deals with the grinding performances of SiCp/Al composites with higher volume fraction and larger SiC particle. The effects of the grinding parameters on the grinding force, removal mechanisms of SiC particles have been investigated. The grinding tests were carried out by using diamond wheel on surface grinding machine. The results indicate that the feed speed of worktable has more significant effect on the grinding forces than that of grinding depth. The scanning electron microscopic images of the machined surfaces indicate that the material removal of SiC particles was primarily due to the failure of the interface between the reinforcement and matrix, and resulting from microcracks along the interface and many fracture or crushed SiC particles on the ground surface.
Experiment Investigation of the Influence Factors on Surface Grinding Temperature
Authors: Mao Cong , Zou H.F. , Zhou Z.X.
Published: August 2011

The grinding forces and grinding temperature were measured by using a 3-axis piezoelectric dynamometer and a thermocouple, respectively. The morphology and roughness of the ground surface were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a talysurf. It is found that the grinding parameters have great influence on the grinding temperature. Meanwhile, the down grinding has higher temperature than the up grinding. The relation among the grinding temperature, the morphology and the roughness of ground surface was discussed. It is found that when the grinding temperature is not high enough for the ground surface to appear obvious burn, the grinding temperature has little influence on the surface roughness.
Temperatures in Grinding Cemented Carbide (YT30) with a Vacuum Brazed Diamond Wheel
Authors: Zhan You Ji , Li Yuan , Huang Hui , Xu Xi Peng
Published: August 2011

An experimental investigation is reported on the temperatures and energy partitions involved in the grinding of cemented carbide (YT30) with a vacuum brazed diamond wheel. The grinding temperature at the wheel-workpiece interface was measured using a pair of grindable foil thermocouples and the energy partition to the workpiece was evaluated by matching the analytical temperatures to the measured results. Effects of the various grinding conditions, including wheel velocity, feed rate and depth of cut, on the temperatures and the energy partition were investigated. It was determined that the wheel velocity was the most significant factor in governing the temperature relative to the depth of cut and feed rate. The maximum temperature rise at the contact zone was below 25°C in the present study. Microscopic examination of the ground surfaces and the ground detritus revealed that brittle fracture was the dominant material-removal mode. This may be one of the reasons for the low grinding temperature in grinding YT30 with a vacuum brazed diamond wheel. The energy partition values to the workpiece obtained under different grinding conditions varied from 3.3% to 20% for dry grinding YT30.
Influence of Pore-Forming Agent on the Performance of Resin Bond Diamond Grinding Wheel in Back-Grinding Silicon Wafers
Authors: Li K.H. , Guo Q. , Liu M.Y. , Zhao Y.J. , Shi D.L.
Published: August 2011

Back grinding is the key working procedure in the silicon wafer manufacturing process. Ground silicon wafers ought to have low subsurface damage layer thickness (SSD ) and surface roughness value. It requires that the wheel should have high self-sharpening ability and consistent performance. In this paper, the research on pore-forming agent in order to improve the wheel’s self-sharpening ability of the resin-bond diamond grinding was conducted. The research includes the pore-forming mechanism of various pore-forming agent, the influence of pore-forming agent’s type and the effect on the bond’s strength, the influence of pore-forming agent on the grinding performance of the wheel. Moreover, it examines the improved grinding wheel’s grinding effect by grinding tests.
Particle Flow Simulation on Semi-Fixed Abrasive Tool Processing
Authors: Zhao Ping , Yao Wei Feng , Deng Q.F. , Liu Dun , Yuan Ju Long
Published: August 2011

The semi-fixed abrasive tool (SFAT) is a new tool used in the ultra-precision machining. Based on the theory of particle flow code (PFC), the abrasive particle motion characteristics of SFAT are studied in SFAT processing which is divided to workpiece pressing progress and workpiece tangential moving progress. It is conclusion that the particles are fallen out the tool surface due to the fracture of bonds under the normal force of workpiece point in the workpiece pressing progress; the particles contacting the workpiece are moved on every hand while some particles fall out the surface at the edge of abrasive tool in the workpiece tangential moving progress, and the maximum value of binding agent holding force is computed.
Experiment Study on Abrasives Performance on Vitrified CBN Wheel
Authors: Liu X.L. , Pang Z.R. , Wang W.S.
Published: August 2011

In this paper, accord to effect of CBN abrasives in vitrified wheel, eight kinds CBN abrasives were analyzed for its room performance, microcosmic crystal photographs, high temperature performance and corrosion resistance, by right of single grain pressure-resistant intensity apparatus, SEM and DTA etc advanced apparatus. The test results indicated performance of domestic part single crystal CBN has been reached or exceed overseas same product.
Recovery of Electroplated Diamond Tool with Thermal Shock Method
Authors: Yu Ai Bing , Wu L. , Gao B.Y.
Published: August 2011

When diamond abrasive layer becomes thinner, remaining expensive diamond grits will lose their cutting ability. The recovery of waste diamond tools can realize the recycling of material, is one kind of green manufacturing. Taken electroplated diamond tools for example, key technical problems for diamond tool recovery were discussed in this study. A thermal shock method was proposed for electroplated diamond tools recycling processes. Based on heat elastic-plastic theory, the stress state between abrasive layer and substrate of electroplated diamond tools was analyzed. Thermal shock processes of electroplated diamond tools were simulated with finite element method. Thermal shock experiments of electroplated diamond tools were carried out with experimental electric furnace. The results indicate that there exists stress variation between abrasive layer and tool substrate interface during thermal shock operation. The stress change will result in the interface cracking and the peeling of abrasive layers from substrate. There exists obvious stress gradient between abrasive layer and substrate interface. The stress extreme value occurs on the area of abrasive layer transition region, the corner or end of abrasive layer. Experimental results prove that the separating of abrasive layer and the tool substrate using thermal shock method is feasible.
Self-Sharpening Abrasive Composite Bulks with PCBN Grains
Authors: Zhang B. , Ding Wen Feng , Xu Jiu Hua , Pan Q. , Shi Y.J.
Published: August 2011

Abrasive composite bulks consisting of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) grains, Cu-Sn-Ti alloy and graphite particles were sintered at the heating temperature of 920 °C for the dwell time of 30 min. The bending strength of abrasive composite bulks was measured. The interfacial microstructure and the phases were characterized. In addition, the dressing experiment was carried out to detect the self-sharpening behavior of the composite bulks. Results obtained show that the abrasive composite bulks in this investigation give higher bending strength than that of the vitrified abrasive wheels. The compounds of TiN, TiB2were formed and the PCBN grains were embedded firmly. Strong fixing of the bulks to the PCBN grains led to the breakage of the PCBN grains when the abrasive composite bulks fractured. The intergranular fracture mode of the PCBN grains ensured the self-sharpening effect of the grains.
Research on the Milling Toughness of Black Silicon Carbide and the Repeatability of the Testing Results
Authors: Liu M. , Jiang S.J.
Published: August 2011

The toughness of abrasive grits means their resistance against breaking under the effect of cutting forces. The commonly used test methods include single crystal static compressing, rolling crushing, mould pressing, as well as milling. In the national standard “GB/T 23538-2009 Conventional Abrasive Testing Methods for Toughness (ball mill method)”, it is stipulated that milling machine is to be used for the abrasive grits F8-F150 to determine their toughness. This method by milling includes testing steps as follows: take a certain amount of abrasive grits , together with steel balls of certain size and certain mass, into the ball milling machine rotating at a certain speed .When the specified total rotations are completed, measure the ratio of the unbroken grits to the total amount of the milled samples. This ratio is defined as the milling toughness of the abrasive grits. In this paper, the milling toughness of different sized black silicon carbide is tested according to the requirement of “GB /T 23538-2009”, and the repeatability of the testing results characterized by test standard deviation is discussed. The test results from different operators using different ball mass are compared and analyzed, and the factors affecting the milling toughness test results are researched. Some suggestions to improve the repeatability of the test results are given.
Study on Lubricating Behavior in Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Authors: Su J.X. , Du Jia Xi , Liu X.L. , Liu H.N. , Kang R.K.
Published: August 2011

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has become the most widely used planarization technology in the metal and hard-brittle crystal substrate manufacturing process. In this paper, the distinguish method of lubricating behavior in CMP had been analyzed in theory firstly. Then, the tests of CMP with silicon wafer and deposited copper wafer at different polishing pressure had been done. By the test results, the Stribeck curves obtained showed obvious smooth. But in normal CMP conditions, the friction coefficient of polishing area was above 0.1. By analyzing the experimental results, it was concluded that the lubrication state in CMP interface is belong to the boundary lubrication and the material removal is the process of bringing and removed of the chemical reaction boundary lubricating film on hard-brittle crystal substrate surface constantly. The contact form between the workpiece and the polishing pad is the solid-solid contact. These results will provide theoretical guide to further understand the material removal mechanism of in hard-brittle crystal substrate CMP.
Research on Subsurface Damage After Abrasives and Fixed-Abrasive Lapping of K9 Glass
Authors: Li Jun , Gao P. , Zhu Yong Wei , Li B. , Sun Y.L. , Zuo D.W.
Published: August 2011

Fixed-abrasive lapping (FAL) is a new machining technology and is adopted to manufacture hard brittle materials to obtain the high surface quality. In the same machining condition, K9 glasses are lapped by abrasives and fixed-abrasive, respectively. Two grain sizes of diamond abrasives are adopted in every lapping means. Differential chemical etch method (DCEM) is employed to measure the depth of subsurface damage (SSD) of different lapping means. Surface damages are compared by Microscope. The results show that the depth of SSD is 53 and 15.2μm after abrasives lapping (AL) by 40 and 28μm diamond abrasives. FAL with 40 and 28μm diamond abrasive leads to 4.5 and 3.4μm subsurface damage depth, respectively. FAL can get smaller surface damage and shallower depth of SSD than AL. And FAL can obtain the higher surface quality than AL.
Research on Tests of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing by Sintering Method
Authors: Liao G.B. , Zhang M.M. , Li Y.J. , Liu Z.Q. , Chen Yan
Published: August 2011

This paper mainly illustrates the magnetic abrasive finishing by sintering method and research on tests of magnetic abrasive finishing, analyses the effect of the sintering temperature, ratio of magnetic and abrasive particle size, sintering time and sintering characteristics of magnetic particles on magnetic abrasive during the finishing process, so as to achieve a better process and principle for magnetic abrasive finishing.
Investigation of Elastic Deformation Machining Method for Aspheric Surface Generation
Authors: Nguyen Duc Nam , Yuan Ju Long , Lv Bing Hai , Wu Zhe
Published: August 2011

The mechanics of elasticity is a novel aspheric fabrication technology that could transform aspheric optical fabrication technology into sphere optical fabrication technology. The shape accuracy of the optical lens changes significantly with deformation conditions and various parameters of machining process. Considering Polymethyl-methacrylate (acrylic PMMA) characteristic and elastic deformation aspheric surface generated by the load is uniformly distributed over the inner portion of the plate, the investigation of elastic deformation machining method for aspheric surface generation is introduced in this paper. The subject of this study is to determine finished surface shape of acrylic after lapping process. The experiment results are compared with the finite element analysis (FEA) and theoretical results. The mentioned finite element models were established using the software Abaqus/CAE. The experiment result showed that the error of deformation curves between analytical and experimental result is smaller than FEA and experimental result. The theoretical of deformation curves obtained close to the experiment curves. The results indicate that the experimental investigation of elastic deformation machining method can be used to fabricate the aspheric surface with simple machining process and high efficiency.
Ultra Smooth Polishing Research Based on the Cluster Magnetorheological Effect
Authors: Wu Zhan Cheng , Yan Qiu Sheng , Bai Zhen Wei , Kong Ling Ye , Chai Jing Fu
Published: August 2011

Based on the principle of MR polishing processing, cluster MR-effect polishing method which formed by cluster distributed magnetic body has been put forward in this article. The author analyzed the principle of the cluster MR-effect plane polishing, developed experimental device and conducted processing experiment to K9 optical glass and silicon slice. Results show that the method is feasible and can realize high precision polishing. The surface roughness of K9 glass and silicon slice can achieve respectively Ra0.005µm and Ra0.016µm finally after processed. It has high efficiency at the same time, the surface roughness can decrease 1 order of magnitude after processed 10 minutes, the surface roughness of K9 glass and silicon slice can realize respectively decrease 3 orders of magnitude and 1 order of magnitude after processed 50 minutes.
Investigation of a New Kind of Magnetic Abrasive Grains Used for Finishing Inner-Hole Surface
Authors: Ding Y.H. , Yao Xin Gai , Ya G. , Lu P.
Published: August 2011

Magnetic abrasive grain is a kind of tool for magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF). The lifetime of the grains is the choke point which restricts its finishing efficiency and the surface quality processed by MAF .Therefore, a kind of magnetic abrasive grains based on Cr and Ni elements is investigated. The interrelated experimental results show: the new magnetic abrasive grains is a practical finishing tool with longer lifetime, higher finishing efficiency, better abrasive resistance compared with traditional magnetic abrasive grains. It supplies a power for promoting the development of MAF.
Ultra-Precision Fabrication of Small-Size Aspherical Glass Lens Mold
Authors: Chen Feng Jun , Yin Shao Hui , Yu Jian Wu , Zhu Ke Jun , Wang Yu
Published: August 2011

With the rapid development of opto-electronics communications, optics, aerospace and other industries, ultra-precision aspheric glass lenses are widely used in middle/high-grade optical opponent because of its high resolution and imaging quality. To achieve ultra-precision molding pressing of micro-lens, ultra-precision mold must be fabricated firstly. In this paper, some key new technologies were proposed for fabricating ultra-precision mold of small-size aspheric optical lens. A method of finite element simulation was employed to predict mould pressing process of the glass lens for correcting molds and improving the formation efficiency. An ultra-precision inclined-axis grinding and error compensation technology was also used to improve form accuracy of micro lens mold.
Research on Material Removal Characteristics in Plane Lapping Method for Aspherical Surface Using Elastic Deformation
Authors: Wu Zhe , Yuan Ju Long , Lv Bing Hai , Nguyen Duc Nam
Published: August 2011

Plane lapping method using the elasticity of materials has many advantages comparing with current machining method for aspherical surface machining. Due to the deformation of the workpiece, the material removal characteristics of this method are different from the traditional lapping process of flat surface. In this paper, based on the Preston equation and plate theory, the theoretical model of the material remove rate is built in the case of proving experiment. Then the proving experiment of elastic deformation method is carried out, the recorded values fit well with theoretical ones, which shows that the theoretical model of material removal property is valid and the variation of MRR is related to the deformed profile of workpiece.
Research on Precision Mirror Machining Technology for W-Mo Alloy
Authors: Guan Jia Liang , Lu H.W. , Xiao X.H. , Wu Y.C. , Chen Z.D.
Published: August 2011

A new way of precision machining was studied through the experiments of Electrolytic In-Process Dressing (ELID) precision grinding and ultra precision lapping and polishing for W-Mo metal alloy. First a 22nm(Ra) surface was obtained through the ELID grinding, last a 11nm(Ra) surface was obtained after the process of lapping and polishing with 0.1～0.3 N/cm2pressure, 60～100 r/min rotational speed and other optimized parameters. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of ultra precision mirror surface of the alloy was also analyzed. The experiments prove surface quality of the work piece was guaranteed by ELID grinding, and which was also greatly affected by some parameters in lapping and polishing such as pressure, rotational speed.
Study of Abrasive Water Jet Polishing Technology
Authors: Che Cui Lian , Huang Chuan Zhen , Wang Jun , Zhu Hong Tao
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the influence of the incidence angle and abrasive mesh on the polishing quality is analyzed during AWJ polishing process. Through the study on the jet flow structure, it is obtained the standoff of AWJ polishing is chosen within the jet basic section. According to the experiments for AWJ Polishing quartz, it is better to remove material by ductile removal mechanism choosing small incidence angle, low pressure and small abrasive size. The ductile removal mechanism of the polished material is a necessary condition for the ideal polishing results
Surface Quality Investigation of Nanoparticle Colloid Hydrodynamic Cavitation Jet Polishing Technology
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Xing , Zhang Fei Hu , Zhou Ming
Published: August 2011

Nanoparticle colloid hydrodynamic cavitation jet polishing (HCJP) is a supersmooth surface machining technology that utilizes the interface reaction to remove material from workpiece, applying the cavitation effect to improve the processing efficiency. In this paper, a plototype equipment of HCJP is introduced and the experiment of HCJP and common jet polishing has been done. The experiment results indicate that in both cases, the processed area presents the orbicular structure of “W” shape when the angle of jet and horizon is 90°; the position that has the best surface quality located on the annulus of processing region where the most material removed. Compared with the common jet polishing, the surface quality processed by HCJP that uses the swirling jet is better. In processing experiment of HCJP, the supersmooth surface with roughness of Ra 0.758nm is obtained.
Machining Mechanism of Diamond Fibers Cutter
Authors: Zhang Gao Feng , Tan Yuan Qiang , Zhang B. , Deng Zhao Hui
Published: August 2011

A novel diamond fibers cutter was proposed in this paper for machining of advanced materials. The fibers cutter was prepared by artificially distributing and orientating a large number of diamond fibers, which were prepared by cutting polycrystalline diamond into size of 0.4mm*0.6mm*10mm using Nd:YAG laser, and then lapped on a lapping machine to form sharpened cutting edges. To investigate the machining mechanism of the diamond fibers cutter, an experiment on machining of aluminum alloy reinforced by SiC particles and nano-structured WC/Co coating was conducted in this paper. Based on the surface observation and the cutting force analysis, it could be found that the diamond fibers cutter combined the advantages of conventional wheels and cutting tools, and was fit for machining of both brittle materials and soft materials.
Removal Mechanism of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V Based on Single-Grain High Speed Grinding Test
Authors: Tian L. , Fu Yu Can , Ding W.F. , Xu Jiu Hua , Su H.H.
Published: August 2011

Single-grain grinding test plays an important part in studying the high speed grinding mechanism of materials. In this paper, a new method and experiment system for high speed grinding test with single CBN grain are presented. In order to study the high speed grinding mechanism of TC4 alloy, the chips and grooves were obtained under different wheel speed and corresponding maximum undeformed chip thickness. Results showed that the effects of wheel speed and chip thickness on chip formation become obvious. The chips were characterized by crack and segment band feature like the cutting segmented chips of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V.
Design of Temperature Gathering System Based on Spray Cooling Grinding Experiment
Authors: Ren Jia Long , Zhang Chun Yan , Li Y.W. , Yu J.H.
Published: August 2011

A heat transfer experiment device was designed to analyze spray cooling effect and reveal heat transfer mechanism in metal grinding. This device was constructed by PCL-711B data acquisition card and amplifier circuit. The software developed by Labview was used to save and display temperature values. Experimental results show that this acquisition device can meet the accuracy and rapidity requirements of grinding temperature acquisition system.
Research on Dynamic Grinding Force in Ultrasonic Honing Chatter
Authors: Zhu X.J. , Wang Jian Qing , Chen Quan , Lu Zhi Meng
Published: August 2011

The power ultrasonic vibration honing is one typical method with low speed grinding precision work. Compared with traditional honing, the ultrasonic vibration honing is of the advantages such as higher precision of surface quality, small roughness, higher processing efficiency, easy to process hard crisp material, etc. In the process of power ultrasonic vibration honing, with the increased ultrasonic surging force, the grinding force becomes extremely complex and changes along with the operating condition. Its flutter belongs to the nonlinear time-variable vibration, its flutter mechanism is more complex and the harm is more serious. In order to repress the chatter phenomenon, exploring the supersonic honing chatter mechanism through the research on the grinding force's tendency change rule. Through the analysis, draws the following conclusion: the radial component, which is caused by the added ultrasonic action on the oilstone, may be possible completely or partly to counteract the dynamic grinding force caused by the thickness effect; the axial componentmay be possible to remove the cross mark’s peak effectively of the ordinary honing and enhance the surface-supporting length ratiotpwithout changing the roughness; the added ultrasonic influences mutual friction between oilstone and work piece in honing process.
Precision Honing of Stainless Steel Valve Core
Authors: Dong Zhi Gang , Kang C.W. , Xu L.
Published: August 2011

The paper reports an experimental study on the effect of honing parameters on the honing surface roughness, material removal rate and surface topography. A cylindrical honing machine was developed, on which the honing experiments for stainless steel cylinder parts were performed with different honing parameters including the abrasives and its grit size of honing stones, honing pressure and honing time. The results can provide helpful instruction to the determination of the honing process and parameters.
Single Grit Scratching and Diamond Grinding on Optical Glasses
Authors: Zhao Q.L. , Zhao L.L. , Guo B.
Published: August 2011

Based on the single diamond grit scratching and normal grinding assisted with ELID (Electrolytic in Process Dressing), the surface/subsurface integrity of machined spectrosil 2000 and BK7 glasses under various material removal modes have been investigated. In Single diamond grit scratching tests, the scratching traces display four kinds of scratch characteristics according to different material removal modes. In the diamond normal grinding, the surface/subsurface integrity analysis shows BK7 glass has a better machinability than that of spectrosil 2000. Moreover, with the increasing ae(depth of cut), these two kinds of glasses had the opposite variation trends about the Ra values and the force ratio, which is attributed to various material removal modes. While contrasting these two kinds of optical glasses ground under the same aeparameters, the smaller grinding force and grinding force ratio (Fn/Ft), as well as the more stable force curves correspond to a better surface quality.
Experimental Research on the Abrasive Belt Grinding Turbine Blades Material 1Cr13 Stainless Steel
Authors: Wu Hai Long , Huang Yun , Huang Zhi , Cheng G.J.
Published: August 2011

Blades are the key parts of the turbine, which usually use materials such as 1Cr13 stainless steel. These materials are of high strength, great toughness, and good thermo hardening, but the process is difficult. Abrasive belt grinding has good grinding performance. Grinding tests of three kinds of abrasive belts were carried out on 1Cr13 stainless steel; the relationship between the material removal rate and the species, such as abrasive belt type, belt speed, the normal grinding force, and grinding fluid, was studied; after the belt grinding, the microscopic morphology of the surface was analyzed by SEM, and it revealed that the differences of the micro structure and basic wear law of different abrasives. The results show that in the process of abrasive belt grinding, the ceramic abrasive belt has the highest material removal rate. The material removal rate of alumina and zirconium corundum abrasive belt reached the maximum when Vs is about 25m/s or so, and ceramic abrasive belt is stable to maintain high material removal rate when Vs is at the speed range of 28 to 32m/s. The material removal rate can be improved several times when using grinding fluid of butter.
Research on Dynamic Balance of Grinding Wheel Spindle
Authors: Zhou Qin Yuan , Zhou Zhi Xiong , Li Y.
Published: August 2011

In this paper, grinding wheel spindle of high precision CNC is researched. Mathematics - mechanical mode of dynamic balance of grinding wheel is established on the principle of rotor dynamic balance. New method of critical speed of grinding wheel is proposed, and verified by testing the reasonableness. And, dynamic unbalance of grinding wheel spindle of high precision CNC is studied on quality surface. These studies provide theoretical direction for balance speed range and the accurate level.
Research on Function Simulation of Web-Based Virtual Grinding Machine Tool
Authors: Yu Tian Biao , Zhang J.Q. , Wang Wan Shan
Published: August 2011

The paper presents a Web-based virtual machine tool system construction method. The key technologies required to build the system were analyzed. A simulation platform is built with ASP technology, and the geometric simulation is researched by using VRML, JavaScript, and JavaApplet. The physical simulation is researched by using Matlab Web Server, The object of the virtual machine tool simulation system is ultra-high speed grinding test bench. The developed system can realize virtual assembly, CNC code identification, material removal simulation, grinding force calculation and optimization.
The Structure Analysis of High Efficiency Grinding Automation Equipment for Nuclear High-Pressure Vessel
Authors: Zhu D.W. , Huang Yun , Huang Zhi
Published: August 2011

This paper aims at structure strength analysis which makes the static and dynamic analysis for the numerical control abrasive belt grinding machine from key components to the whole machine and obtains relevant data and conclusions. On the base of the original structure, according to the design requirements, the important parts of the grinding machine are simplified and mechanical analysis. According to the calculated results and the constraints of the machine, the mathematical modeling of key components and the limit position can be obtained by using the mathematical theory of mechanical optimization. According to the results, the entity model and static analysis can be finished. Finally, the static and modal analysis of the large grinding equipment can be carried on the FEA software and draw some important conclusions.
Research on Application of NC Polish-Grinding of Valve Stem and Instantaneous Compensation of Grinding Wheel
Authors: Yu Ying Liang , Li W.M. , Miao Zhi Yi , Yang De Qing
Published: August 2011

According to the example of using a common grinding and composition of parts processing movement and achievement elements, the design of construction of special NC technologies in ordinary grinding machine was formulated. . The grinding and polish-grinding were performed by using two NC systems in series to achieve multi-axis movement. The function and application scope of NC technology were expanded because the instantaneous compensation of the grinding wheel and the polish-grinding wheel were performed under a rectangular coordinate system and a polar coordinate system by using an open loop NC system. The application of surface recovery of grinding wheel by NC reconstruction and extension applications of processing the track of involute curve were referred.
The Assembly Precision Debugging of Pillar of the Alien Stone Turning-Milling Compound Machining Center (HTM50200)
Authors: Zhang Ke , Cui Zheng Xing , Zhao De Hong , Rao Liang Wu , Wu Yu Hou
Published: August 2011

The alien stone turning-milling compound machining center（HTM50200）is the new generation multifunctional compound machining center. It is used to process rotating alien stone products and three-dimensional sculpture products. Pillar is the key support part of the machining center. The parallelism, straightness, levelness of the pillar affects the straight-line movement precision of beam parts. Therefore, the assembly precision debugging of the pillar plays the decisive role in the overall accuracy of this machining center. This paper introduces a kind of method by laser interference adjusting the assembly accuracy of the pillar. The results meet the design requirements of the assembly accuracy of pillar. It lays a solid foundation for the following-up assembly of the alien stone turning-milling compound machining center.
China’s Diamond in the World Market
Authors: Li Zhi Hong , Zhao B. , Li Liang , Wong J.
Published: August 2011

China becomes the biggest producing country of synthetic diamond in the world. China’s output in 2010 is in excess of 7 billion carats. The yearly average increase rate is nearly 20% for the last 10 years. It almost accounts for 90% of the world’s production. China’s diamond is exported to 58 countries and regions in 2009. The yearly average export increase rate is about 30% for the last 10 years. Two main reasons supported such growth: 1) Continuous improvements made to the diamond synthesizing technology and as a result quality becoming better and better and to a large extend Chinese diamond is close to or equal to those made by her Western counterparts in terms of quality. 2) Competitive prices. The average price is only about $0.05 per carat in 2009, making it irresistible for world users to turn to Chinese diamond. Diamond producers in the Western countries turn to produce more profitable products like PCD & PCBN. This paper delivers some key statistics of Chinese diamond output and export in the last 10 years; it also highlights the diamond import in USA and Japan. The USA is the biggest consumer of China’s diamond. The supply & demand pattern for synthetic diamond is very much different from what it used to be 10 years ago. All these facts are further illustrated by the 10 figures and 1 table in this paper.
Finite Element Simulation of Temperature Field during Grinding of SiCp/Al Composites
Authors: Zhang C.Y. , Zhou Li , Huang Shu Tao
Published: August 2011

Based on the theory of grinding temperature field and the grinding forces obtained from the experiment, the heat flow during grinding of SiCp/Al composites was calculated. The temperature distributions have been simulated during grinding process in the case of diamond wheel and SiC wheel. The effects of grinding wheel, workpiece speed and grinding depth on the grinding temperature field were discussed. The results show that the grinding temperature with SiC wheel is much higher than that of diamond wheel in the same grinding condition, and the grinding temperature gradually decreases with the increasing of the workpiece speed or the decreasing of the grinding depth for both the diamond wheel and SiC wheel.
Force and Energy in Grinding Zirconia Ceramics by Brazed Monolayered Diamond Wheels
Authors: Li Shu Sheng , Xu Jiu Hua , Fu Y.C. , Xu H.J.
Published: August 2011

An investigation was undertaken to explore the grinding energy and removal mechanisms in grinding zirconia by using brazed diamond wheels. The grinding forces were measured and the morphological features of ground workpiece surfaces were examined. The results indicate that material removal mechanisms are dominated by the combined removal modes of brittle and ductile. The prevailing removal mechanism for the ground surface of zirconia changes from brittle to ductile when the maximum chip thickness change from large to small.
Investigation of Grinding Ti-6Al-4V under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Condition
Authors: Liu Z.Q. , Guo Guo Giang , Zheng Xiao Hu , An Qing Long , Chen Ming
Published: August 2011

This paper investigates the surface grinding of Ti-6Al-4V under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) condition. The experiment result indicated that grinding force ratio and specific energy have close related to grinding parameters. Due to the flow field of MQL mist has easy been affected by feed rate, the interaction between of MQL mist flow field and feed rates of worktable has great effect on surface roughness and surface quality. Additionally, comparing to dry grinding, MQL could help to improve surface quality by restrain chemical reactions and physical changes.
Experimental Research on Surface Integrity with Less or Non Fluid Grinding Process
Authors: Xiu Shi Chao , Chao Cai Xia , Pei S.Y.
Published: August 2011

The grinding fluid can realize its function of cooling and lubricating only when it breaks through the airflow barrier around the wheel and enter into the high pressure area between wheel and workiece. The grinding fluid with different jet angles and different flow quantity has the different effect of cooling and lubricating in the grinding process. The experimental research of grinding fluid jet flow is carried out in cylindrical grinding process and the affecting mechanism of the grinding fluid injection angles and quantity on the surface integrity are analyzed based on the cylindrical grinding under the less grinding fluid conditions in this paper. It is obtained that the surface integrity of the workpiece processed at 35° fluid jet angle is superior to that of the workpiece processed at 0° fluid injection angle. It is also obtained that the more the fluid quantity is, the better the surface quality is to some extent. It provides research foundation for designing the supplying parameters of the grinding fluid and realizing the grinding process with the less grinding fluid flow.
Study on Depth and its Uniformity of 65Mn Steel Grind-Hardened Layer
Authors: Zhuang Jie Zhen , Liu Lian Fen , Zhang Y.Z.
Published: August 2011

On the basis of orthogonal experiment method, the grind-hardening of 65Mn steel had been carried out on a conventional surface grinder with alumina grinding wheel, the influence of depth of cutap, table speedvw, grinding modegm, and interaction between depth of cut and table speedavon depth and its uniformity of grind-hardened layer of 65Mn steel were investigated. The results show that, theapis the significant factor influences the average depth of grind-hardened layer and the significance ratio of experiment factors from most to least as followed:ap>vw>gm> av; thegmand thevware the significant factors influence the depth uniformity of grind-hardened layer and the significance ratio of experiment factors from most to least as followed: gm>vw>ap>av. The fairly uniformity of grind-hardened layer with good economy can be obtained when using grinding conditions that theap= 0.6mm, thevw= 0.4m/min, and thegm=up grinding + down grinding in practical applications.
The Inner Hole Grinding Surface Roughness Analysis of Zirconia Ceramics Electric Spindle
Authors: Lu Feng , Chen Shi Chao , Li Song Hua , Zhang Ke , Wu Yu Hou
Published: August 2011

The high-speed ceramic electric spindle is applied in high-speed NC machine tools. Each surface processing accuracy requirement of high-speed ceramic electric spindle is high. The inner hole surface roughness is the key factor which affects its high-speed stability and moving accuracy. This paper focuses on the research of the relationship between inner hole and grinding wheel granularity and grinding wheel linear velocity and transverse feeding and grinding camber ratio through the experiment of diamond wheel grinding the inner hole of ceramic spindle. The optimal grinding parameter combination of ceramic spindle inner hole grinding is obtained. The surface roughness of ceramic spindle inner hole reaches 0.21μm, through the analysis of orthogonal test. The results can completely satisfy the ceramic spindle high-speed operation requirements and enhance the ability of corrosion resistance and fatigue damage resistance. It then improves the whole work performance, reliability and life of ceramic spindle.
Tools for Teaching-Learning of Manufacturing Engineering Using Content Management Platforms
Authors: Martínez-Pellitero S. , Barreiro Joaquín , Fernández-Abia A.I.
Published: August 2011

This paper presents the methodology that is being applied at present time for teaching and evaluation of different courses in the area of manufacturing processes engineering at the University of León. The context is delimited to the use of content management systems and continuous evaluation of learning. In particular, the Moodle platform is used for structuring the contents and for the continuous evaluation of courses in the scope of materials science, manufacturing processes and automation of operations. An analysis of the changes and challenges derived from the adoption of this methodology in the different courses in which has been applied is presented. These changes have been slightly different as a function of the compulsory or optional character of courses, as well as depending on the number of students enrolled in them.