bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban regeneration programming in Poland in the years 2014–2020
Authors: Masierek Edyta
Published: October 2021

In 2015, the National Urban Policy, The Urban Regeneration Law, and the Guidelines regarding urban regeneration in operational programmes for the years 2014–2020 were adopted in Poland. These documents marked a new direction for developing and implementing these difficult processes. Simultaneously, communes received support which was supposed to help them plan urban regeneration properly on the basis of reliable diagnoses of the initial state, considering their endogenous features and potentials, with active participation of local communities. The aim of the article is to present the Polish approach to regeneration programming. Its background is the analysis of the definitions of urban regeneration which have functioned in Polish literature since the 1990s followed by a presentation of Western European stages of the evolution of this subject. The analysis offered in the article as well as the resulting conclusions show that the Polish approach to regeneration follows the integrated model prevalent in Europe. It fits the discussions between the academics and practitioners regarding the designation of degraded areas in cities, the principles of regeneration programming, and active involvement of different stakeholders in the aforementioned processes.
О ПРИРОДЕ «КУЛЬТУРНОГО СДВИГА» В СИСТЕМЕ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ КРЕАТИВНОГО КЛАССА В БЛАГОПОЛУЧНОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ
Authors: Кривовяз Наталья Викторовна , Рябченко Даниил Олегович
Published: October 2021

Исследована природа креативного класса, основания и предпосылки «культурного сдвига» в пространстве ценностного мира креативного класса. Проанализированы условия и тенденции формирования системы постматериалистических ценностей (самовыражение, благополучие, счастье), характерных для системы ценностного мира, креативного класса. Раскрыта роль инноваций как креативного разрушения. Заявлена идея возможности измерения креативности в условиях, основанных на знаниях и инновациях экономического роста. В статье анализируется природа «смещения» − «тектонических сдвигов», произошедших в сегментах власти и управления на пороге XXI в. Установлена приоритетная роль знания в обозначенных трансформациях как статуса доминирующего ресурса когнитивного общества. Представлена идея формирования «интеллектуальной элиты» когнитивного общества; признаки элитарности формируются как определяемые владением знанием. Показано, что в границах институтов, связанных с интеллектуальной деятельностью, «новой элите» принадлежит монополия на власть и управление. Однако в мире большой политики можно говорить лишь о влиянии «новой элиты» в сегментах экспертизы, консалтинге, процедуре анализа технически сложных решений.
НЕЙРОНАУЧНЫЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПОЗНАНИИ
Authors: Смирнова Алина Вадимовна
Published: October 2021

В статье исследуется относительно новое для науки явление – использование нейронаучного инструментария в разнообразных научных дисциплинах (нейроэкономике, культурной нейронауке, нейропедагогике и др.). Приводится пример проектов и инициатив, имеющих место в настоящее время. Особое внимание уделено перспективе применения подобных методов в рамках изучения социально-поведенческих аспектов, в том числе в пределах организационного устройства. Отмечены подходы к пониманию социальной нейронауки и нейросоциологии. Высказаны опасения социологов, которые становятся преградой для активного внедрения прогрессивных методов в традиционную научную область, описан такой феномен, как «биофобия». Рассмотрены публикации, направленные на изучение нейронаучных методов в практической плоскости: отмечены инновационные идеи, которые могут быть реализованными в области работы с персоналом благодаря достижениям нейроменеджмента и нейролидерства. Представлены выводы исследований нейрофизиологических мотивов принятия решений в различных условиях. Отмечены ключевые возражения, которые обычно возникают в отношении нейронаучного инструментария, используемого в рамках изучения поведенческих аспектов.  Продемонстрирована краткая характеристика эксперимента, в рамках которого были изучены процессы, описывающие активность головного мозга лидеров ряда профессиональных сфер, также приведены выводы о корреляции соответствующих процессов с практической ролью руководителей. Дается краткий обзор материалов научно-практической конференции, проведенной на тему нейро прожект менеджмента – научной области, направленной на исследование организационных процессов, в которых особую роль играет команда.
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЕЙ ВУЗОВ СО СТУДЕНТАМИ, ИМЕЮЩИМИ ИНВАЛИДНОСТЬ ИЛИ ОГРАНИЧЕННЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ, КАК ОДИН ИЗ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ИНКЛЮЗИВНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВУЗОВ ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)
Authors: Носова Анастасия Леонидовна , Орлова Вера Вениаминовна
Published: October 2021

Актуальность. Обеспечение доступности образовательной среды для всех категорий граждан в рамках инклюзии играет важную роль в выстроенной на протяжении длительного периода образовательной концепции Российской Федерации. Инклюзивное образование в настоящее время начинает повсеместно внедряться в образовательный процесс на уровне среднего, среднего профессионального и высшего образования. Понятия инклюзии и инклюзивного образования являются комплексными и включают в себя несколько ключевых аспектов, в частности профессиональные компетенции профессорско-преподавательского состава в области работы со студентами с инвалидностью и ограниченными возможностями здоровья, а также готовность педагогов к осуществлению взаимодействия с этой категорией лиц. Именно поэтому цель работы − определение уровня готовности преподавателей вузов Томской области к профессиональному взаимодействию со студентами с инвалидностью или ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Объектом являются преподаватели вузов Томской области. В качестве предмета исследования выступает готовность преподавателей вузов Томской области к взаимодействию со студентами с инвалидностью и ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Основной метод исследования – анкетирование. В результате выявлен актуальный уровень готовности преподавателей к взаимодействию со студентами с инвалидностью и ограниченными возможностями здоровья в вузах Томской области.
Effect of a Feed Additive based on Papaveracea Roots and Nanoclays on Broiler Performance
Authors: Vicente-Martínez J.G. , Pinos-Rodriguez J.M. , García-López J.C. , León-Cabada V.R. , Martínez-Hernández J.M. , López-Aguirre S.
Published: October 2021

Due to the resistance that various pathogens have developed to the unplanned use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and the risk to consumers health that this implies, AGPs could be replaced by natural products such as plants, essential oils or extracts. The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of a feed additive based on papaveraceae roots and nanoclays (Sangromix 10x®) on broiler performance. One hundred and twenty Cobb broilers one d old, were randomly assigned to a diet without additive or with additive at 20 g/t during 49 d. Broilers had free access to concentrate and fresh water and were weighed daily. Feed intake and body weight was measured daily and where used to estimate average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. Broilers that received Sangromix 10x®, had higher final body weight, total gain, average daily gain and better feed conversion value as compared with broilers with no additive. The additive did not affect feed intake. The inclusion of Sangromix 10x® increased final body weight and improved feed conversion value and it can be concluded that is an efficient alternative for broiler production. Nevertheless, further research is required to determine their effect on meat and carcass quality, internal organs and blood biochemistry.
​Correlation Analysis of Yield with Yield Attributing Characters and Soil Properties of Cajanus cajan (Arhar) in Silvi-horti-agri System
Authors: Berry Nanita , Shukla Akash , Dubey Sourabh , Rai Nikita , Kumar Pankaj
Published: October 2021

Background: Pulses are the major source of protein and is widely used to fulfill protein requirement of the growing population. Perennial pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a predominant crop grown in kharif season, also known as Red gram, Arhar or Tur. The present study aimed to correlate yield of C. cajan with growth and soil properties under agroforestry system in Madhya Pradesh. Methods: An experiment was conducted to assess the yield of Cajanus cajan under agroforestry system at Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur during the year 2020-2021. In this study Cajanus cajan (Arhar) intercropped with Pterocarpus marsupium (Bijasal) and Psidium guajava (guava) under silvi-horti-agri system. During study period, growth parameters such as height, no. of pods and no. of branches of C. cajan were recorded and soil properties such as Soil pH, EC, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium were also estimated before sowing and at the time of harvesting of agriculture crop. Result: Study revealed that yield has highly significant positive correlation with an average plant height (0.4735), no. of pods/plant (0.2558) and no. of branches/plant (0.3765), another result shows that yield has highly significant correlation with organic carbon % (0.7966), nitrogen content of soil (0.3049), Potassium (0.3036), Phosphorus (0.6244) and has negative correlation with pH of soil (-0.9336) and EC (-0.8740) at 5% level of significance. Similarly, correlation of yield with soil parameters at the time of harvesting and the results revealed that the yield has positive correlation with organic carbon % (0.5277), nitrogen content of soil (0.1102), Potassium (0.2324), Phosphorus (0.7118) and has negative correlation with pH of soil (-0.4861) and EC (-0.3853) at 5% level of significance.
Using biographical narrative interviewing methodology to research adults’ experiences of disclosing childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Mooney Joseph
Published: October 2021

Disclosure of sexual abuse can be a process rife with barriers, setbacks and trauma. Those who have experienced sexual abuse in childhood tend to delay disclosure, possibly until adulthood, and can be silenced by structural, societal and personal barriers. Those who do disclose are often referred to as the ‘tip of the iceberg’, highlighting the potentially large hidden population who never come forward. This paper is drawn from a wider study which presented narratives of adults who have disclosed their experiences of childhood sexual abuse to social work services in the Republic of Ireland. In Irish child protection policy such disclosures are called ‘retrospective disclosures’. Recent reports by Irish State bodies have shown that those who have reported their childhood experiences to child protection authorities have not always received the response they would have hoped for (Office of the Ombudsman, 2017; Health Information and Quality Authority, 2016). Since the ‘narrative turn’ in social work research a rich body of work has been produced which explores the use of narrative approaches to address pertinent issues affecting social work practice. Biographical Narrative Interviewing Methodology (BNIM) is one such approach to narrative research and focuses on the presentation of voice and life experience. This paper presents the BNIM data collection process as it was used in the wider study and justifies the rationale for using such a methodology as a means of conducting research on a sensitive topic with a population that are too often silenced. This paper presents how an awareness of the socially constructed environment, the dynamics of abuse and the use of appropriate methodologies can bring such silenced and marginalised voices to the fore.
Consumo de substâncias psicoativas pelos estudantes de medicina e sua relação com o programa de mentoria
Authors: Silva Isabelle Salomão Teixeira , Pilio Thais de Paula Silva , Ribeiro Andrea Frozino
Published: October 2021

Objetivos: Identificar o padrão de uso das substâncias psicoativas, os fatores associados a esse uso, e a percepção do programa de mentoria diante do comportamento de risco de estudantes do curso de medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, observacional e transversal por meio da disponibilização de um formulário on-line contendo questões sobre as informações sociodemográficas, o perfil de uso de substâncias de abuso (moderado, de risco ou dependente) e a percepção do programa de mentoria aos estudantes de medicina. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre fevereiro a novembro de 2019. Resultados: Maior consumo de risco foi observado entre os usuários de álcool, tabaco e maconha. Os estudantes no regime de internato apresentaram maior abuso de álcool. Dentre os fatores de risco destaca-se a presença de um parente com consumo abusivo e o início do consumo antes dos 18 anos de idade. O programa de mentoria foi percebido de forma positiva para a prevenção do comportamento de risco, embora a maioria dos que avaliaram apresentavam consumo de risco para o álcool e/ou outras drogas. Conclusão: O consumo abusivo de substâncias pode ser minimizado por meio de ações implementadas nos programas de mentorias.
Electrolyte solvation structure as a stabilization mechanism for electrodes
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Yuhui
Published: October 2021

Rechargeable batteries with high capacity, power and safety are urgently required for current and future technological demands. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer has a dominant impact on battery cyclability and the solvate is the key factor that determines the SEI layer. In this perspective, we first review the recent advances in understanding the influences of electrolyte composition on the solvation chemistry and SEI layer. The solvation structure of electrolytes seems to be the root cause of the stability of electrodes during cell cycling. We then discuss the strategy to manipulate the solvation chemistry by adjusting the compositions of the electrolytes, including the solvent, salt, concentration and additive. Finally, we concisely discuss the challenges in characterizing the structure of the solvates at the electrode|electrolyte interface. This review refreshes our current understanding of the key factors for stable electrode|electrolyte interfaces in the pursuit of high-performance battery systems.
Enhancing cycle life of nickel-rich LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 via a highly fluorinated electrolyte additive - pentafluoropyridine
Authors: Zhang Xiaozhen , Liu Gaopan , Zhou Ke , Jiao Tianpeng , Zou Yue , Wu Qilong , Chen Xunxin , Yang Yong , Zheng Jianming
Published: October 2021

A highly fluorinated additive, pentafluoropyridine (PFP), is used here to enhance the interfacial stability of the Ni-rich LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM90) cathode at a cut-off voltage of 4.3 V vs. Li/Li+ at 30 °C. The capacity retention of the NCM90||Li cell is obviously improved from 72.3% to 80.3% after 200 cycles at 1C (1C = 180 mA g-1) when 0.2% PFP is introduced into the baseline electrolyte (1 mol L-1 LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate). The improvement in electrochemical performance could be attributed to the formation of a compact and uniform cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer enriched with F-containing polypyridine moieties and LiF species on the NCM90 particles. This CEI prevents side reactions between the electrode and electrolyte and hinders the corrosion of the cathode caused by HF attack. In addition, the formation of internal particle cracks is somewhat suppressed by the robust CEI, thus prohibiting the irreversible phase transformation and better maintaining the superior lithium-ion diffusion kinetics.
Suvremena recepcija Ciceronove prirodnopravne postavke o vrhovnosti dobrobiti i spasa naroda u kontekstu izvanrednih stanja aktualiziranih pandemijom COVID-19
Authors: Nedić Tomislav
Published: October 2021

U radu se nudi interpretativna analitika i recepcija Ciceronove tvrdnje o imperativnoj supremaciji dobrobiti i spasa naroda (salus populi suprema lex esto), izrečenoj u trećoj knjizi Ciceronovih Zakona. Navedena je tvrdnja samo djelić cjelokupnog “mozaika” Ciceronove državno-pravne misli koja je dobrim dijelom bila orijentirana prema reparaciji i opstojnosti Rimske republike, čiji historijski kontekst ukazuje na mnogobrojne nedaće koje su utjecale na njezin integritet. Potrebno je prije svega ponuditi interpretativni presjek Ciceronove tvrdnje o vrhovnosti dobrobiti i spasa naroda i republike u historijskom kontekstu tadašnjih rimskih političkih i pravnih prilika kako bi se stekao kompletan uvid na koji je način ta tvrdnja nadalje bila recipirana, osobito u suvremenoj (ustavno)pravnoj doktrini i praksi. Ozbiljenje Ciceronove tvrdnje u vidu ustavnih odredbi (čl. 16., 17. i 101. Ustava RH) o izvanrednim i kriznim stanjima postala je aktualna pojavom pandemije COVID-19, ali se oko nje stvaraju i nove kontroverzije, što je pokazala i kazuistička analiza određenih recentnih odluka Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske.
HERMENEUTICAL AND CULTURAL PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF A CHARISMATIC TEACHER-LEADER
Authors: Vasianovych Hryhorii
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the essence and meaning of key concepts that play a significant methodological role in the study and substantiates the need to apply hermeneutical and cultural principles in the process of forming a future charismatic teacher leader. It is proved that the main idea of the philosophical and pedagogical theory of hermeneutics is the idea of understanding that acts as a fundamental need of the individual. The rationale for this idea was initiated by the German philosopher F.Schleiermacher. The scientist sketched a “hermeneutical circle” in which a person stays their whole life. This circle is not a constant value, it tends to change, filli ng with cultural meanings of the individual. Based on the results of the analysis of the contribution of leading representatives of the philosophical theory of hermeneutics, the necessity of developing the course of Pedagogical Hermeneutics was proved in the article, and the leading directions for forming the future charismatic teacher-leader were determined.
Optical 3D scanning methods in biological research – selected cases
Authors:   Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw University of Technology, św. A. Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland, Paśko Sławomir
Published: October 2021

Shape measurement by optical methods is more and more often used in research both in human and veterinary medicine. As a result of the measurement, a set with marker positions in space or a cloud of points representing a scanned surface is obtained. The collected data contains useful information, but to extract it, it is necessary to process the data using appropriate algorithms. The aim of this study was to present the algorithms that the author used to process data for the purposes of analyzes which results and conclusions were included in four articles published earlier. The algorithms concern the determination and identification of markers on the body when measuring the posture of soccer players and the analysis of the cloud of points for determining the angles describing the base and surface of the hoof bones in the polar coordinate system. The measurement systems in which data were collected are also described. Sample results obtained with the presented analysis methods are shown. For the first case these are given directional views of the markers determined in 3D space, while for the other two the result containing information about the calculated angles in the form of a table and a graph are presented. The presented data processing methods and algorithms are not only applicable to the cases on which they were tested. Directly or after a small modification, they can be applied in another area.
Concerns Related to Preoperative Anxiety in the Total Joint Arthroplasty Patient
Authors: Bryan John P.
Published: October 2021

Preoperative anxiety has been shown to have widespread adverse effects on perioperative care. Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in the presence of preoperative anxiety has been shown to negatively affect outcomes, although performance objectives have been obtained. Limited research has been conducted using qualitative methodology to define the concerns related to preoperative anxiety as they relate to TJA. This qualitative study aimed to identify the preoperative concerns of patients leading up to their TJA. Twenty-one patients scheduled for TJA were interviewed the night before their scheduled surgery in a public hospital. Thematic analysis identified 4 main sources of preoperative anxiety: recovery period, surgical complications, outcomes, and hospital period. Accompanying these themes were multiple subthemes reflecting succinct concerns patients have. These themes echo previous literature and identify broader concerns around the recovery period and outcomes. As the number of TJAs increases, this research may benefit existing and ever-evolving future preoperative TJA educational programs. In addition, this research may suggest the further development of interventions aimed at reducing preoperative anxiety in TJA.
Barriers and Resources to Optimize Bone Health in Orthopaedic Education
Authors: Levitt Eli B. , Patch David A. , Ponce Brent A. , Razi Afshin E. , Kates Stephen L. , Patt Joshua C.
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Osteoporosis is a critical public health issue with substantial morbidity and healthcare costs. Resident education on osteoporosis is not standardized. Little is known about the barriers to osteoporosis treatment and the usefulness of educational programming from the perspective of orthopaedic residency program directors (PDs).

Methods:

This study aims to evaluate the current state and perception of bone health education from the perspective of orthopaedic residency PDs. Therefore, a self-designed 29-question online survey was sent to 129 PDs in the United States to assess bone health education. The information, collected from August to October 2020, included program characteristics, participation in the American Orthopaedic Association’s Own the Bone (AOA/OTB) program or any fracture liaison service (FLS) program, availability of faculty, potential barriers, and educational resources. Data collection was performed anonymously with a 47% response rate.

Results:

The results were compared between programs that used the AOA/OTB program (30%) or any FLS program (28%) (58% OTB or any FLS) vs. programs that did not have any program (42%). Subsequent subanalysis was performed comparing AOA/OTB vs. any FLS vs. no program. Programs that did not have any FLS were least likely to have a formal education syllabus (p = 0.01). When comparing clinical education of residents on bone health, 64% of programs without any system did not provide any formal clinical exposure such as a bone health clinic vs. assessment in patients with fracture compared with 24% of OTB programs and 44% of programs with any FLS (p = 0.02). When asked about desired resources, 47% would find a bone health rotation useful. Among all PDs, 60% support the concept of a 5-year AOA Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors (CORD)/OTB osteoporosis curriculum.

Discussion:

The key findings were that institutions including OTB or any FLS in their programs had better availability of specialty consultants, faculty, and a FLS coordinator.
Theoretical Analysis of Thin Curved Rod Displacements V. P. Lugovoi1)
Authors: Lugovoi V. P.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents a comparative theoretical analysis of the movements of the curved rods of various curvature forms, which can be applied as tools for ultrasonic treatment of holes in fragile materials. It has been shown that the traditional processing of holes by an ultrasonic method is based on the use of straight rods, in which the amplitudes of displacements on the working – free end corresponds to the value of displacements at the point of its attachment to the ultrasonic oscillation concentrator. Supplementing the configuration of a straight rod with a curvilinear shape in the form of a circular arc or a spiral twisted by one turn will allow obtaining additional displacements caused by the elastic properties of a section with a curved shape. The paper considers several calculated schemes of a curvilinear rod bounded by angles j equal to p/2, p and 2p, fferent direction of the external force action. The obtained results have shown that an increase in the circular arc angle leads to a corresponding increase in the elastic displacement index of the rod free end. In this case, the total displacements of the rod free end will be made from displacements caused by vibrations of the acoustic system and the displacements of a curved thin rod from an external force. Calculations have established that the magnitude of the elastic displacements of curved rods is influenced by the shape and magnitude of the angle, the direction of the external force, the radius of curvature, the rigidity of the cross section. The considered schemes of thin rods with curvilinear sections can find practical application in ultrasonic oscillatory systems for processing small-diameter holes in fragile materials. This increases the intensity of tool oscillations and improves the process performance.
Methodology of determining of the transfer function of engagement kinematics of accelerations of an aircraft and its elliptic coordinates in alternative representation
Authors: Legkostup V. V.
Published: October 2021

In this work, simplified expressions have been obtained that describe the kinematics parameters of the aircraft movement and its accelerations. These expressions are needed to obtain an optimal linear control law in order to provide movement of the aircraft using the hyperbola guidance method with a time difference of arrival navigation system. The key feature of the hyperbola navigation method is the ability to reduce the number of navigation positions by one when the on-board navigation equipment operates in a passive mode, carrying out only the reception of navigation information, like consumers of satellite navigation information.
Optimization of data allocation in hierarchical memory for blocked shortest paths algorithms
Authors: Prihozhy A. A.
Published: October 2021

Thispaper is devoted to the reduction of data transfer between the main memory and direct mapped cache for blocked shortest paths algorithms (BSPA), which represent data by a D[M×M] matrix of blocks. For large graphs, the cache size S = δ×M2, δ < 1 is smaller than the matrix size. The cache assigns a group of main memory blocks to a single cache block. BSPA performs multiple recalculations of a block over one or two other blocks and may access up to three blocks simultaneously. If the blocks are assigned to the same cache block, conflicts occur among the blocks, which imply active transfer of data between memory levels. The distribution of blocks on groups and the block conflict count strongly depends on the allocation and ordering of the matrix blocks in main memory. To solve the problem of optimal block allocation, the paper introduces a block conflict weighted graph and recognizes two cases of block mapping: non-conflict and minimum-conflict. In first case, it formulates an equitable color-class-size constrained coloring problem on the conflict graph and solves it by developing deterministic and random algorithms. In second case, the paper formulates a problem of weighted defective color-count constrained coloring of the conflict graph and solves it by developing a random algorithm. Experimental results show that the equitable random algorithm provides an upper bound of the cache size that is very close to the lower bound estimated over the size of a complete subgraph, and show that a non-conflict matrix allocation is possible at δ = 0.5 for M = 4 and at δ = 0.1 for M = 20. For a low cache size, the weighted defective algorithm gives the number of remaining conflicts that is up to 8.8 times less than the original BSPA gives. The proposed model and algorithms are applicable to set-associative cache as well.
A combined method of formation of a cryptographic key with secret modification of the results of synchronization of artificial neural networks
Authors: Radziukevich M. L.
Published: October 2021

This article discusses one of the ways to generate a common cryptographic key using synchronized artificial neural networks. This option is based on a combined method of forming a cryptographic key [1]. The proposed combined formation consists of two stages: the formation of partially coinciding binary sequences using synchronized artificial neural networks and the elimination of mismatched bits by open comparison of the parities of bit pairs. The purpose of this article is to increase the cryptographic strength of this method in relation to a cryptanalyst. In this regard, it is proposed to prematurely interrupt the synchronization process at the first stage of the combined method and make changes to the resulting binary sequence by randomly inverting a certain number of bits. To confirm the quality of this method, possible attacks are considered and the scale of enumeration of possible values is illustrated. The results obtained showed that the combined method of forming a cryptographic key with a secret modification of the synchronization results of artificial neural networks, proposed in this article, provides its high cryptographic strength, commensurate with the cryptographic strength of modern symmetric encryption algorithms, with a relatively simple implementation.
Impact of Sequelae Resulting From the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: a Cross-sectional Study in Japan and Sweden
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuki , Hamatani Sayo , Shimizu Eiji , Käll Anton , Andersson Gerhard
Published: October 2021

Background: Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people have undermined their mental health. It has been reported that sequelae resulting from COVID-19 occur at a certain rate. However, information on the mental health of people with sequelae is limited. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between sequelae resulting from COVID-19 and mental health.Methods: Design of the present study was an International and collaborative cross-sectional study in Japan and Sweden from March 18 to June 15, 2021. The analyzed data included 763 adults who participated in online surveys in Japan and Sweden and submitted complete data. In addition to demographic data including terms related to COVID-19, psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress were measured by using the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 item (GAD-7), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R).Results: of the 135 COVID-19 survivors among the 763 total participants, 40.7% had COVID-19-related sequelae. First, the results of the Bonferroni-corrected Mann Whitney U test showed that the group infected SARS-CoV-2 with sequelae scored significantly higher than those without sequelae and the non-infected group on all clinical symptom scales (P ≤ .001). Next, there was a significant difference that incidence rates of clinical-significant psychiatric symptoms among each group from the results of the Chi-squared test (P ≤ .001). Finally, the results of the multivariate logistic model revealed that the risk of having more severe clinical symptoms were 2.48–4.64 times higher among participants with sequelae. Conclusion: The results showed that approximately half had sequelae after COVID-19 and that the sequelae of COVID-19 may lead to the onset of mental disorders. Trial registration: The ethics committee of Chiba University approved this cross-sectional study (approval number: 4129). However, as no medical intervention was conducted, a clinical trial registration was not necessary.
Label-Free Complete Absorption Microscopy Using Second Generation Photoacoustic Remote Sensing
Authors: Ecclestone Benjamin , Bell Kevan , Sparkes Sarah , Dinakaran Deepak , Mackey John , Reza Parsin Haji
Published: October 2021

In the past decades, absorption modalities have emerged as powerful tools for label-free functional and structural imaging of cells and tissues. Many biomolecules present unique absorption spectra providing chromophore-specific information on properties such as chemical bonding, and sample composition. As chromophores absorb photons the absorbed energy is emitted as photons (radiative relaxation) or converted to heat and under specific conditions pressure (non-radiative relaxation). Modalities like fluorescence microscopy may capture radiative relaxation to provide contrast, while modalities like photoacoustic microscopy may leverage non-radiative heat and pressures. Here we show an all-optical non-contact total-absorption photoacoustic remote sensing (TA-PARS) microscope, which can capture both radiative and non-radiative absorption effects in a single acquisition. The TA-PARS yields an absorption metric proposed as the quantum efficiency ratio (QER), which visualizes a biomolecules proportional radiative and non-radiative absorption response. The TA-PARS provides label-free visualization of a range of biomolecules enabling convincing analogues to traditional histochemical staining of tissues, effectively providing label-free Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-like visualizations. These findings represent the establishment of an effective all-optical non-contact total-absorption microscope for label-free inspection of biological media.
Exploring the Comorbidity Mechanisms Between Asthma and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi Decoction Therapy via Network Pharmacology
Authors: Zhong Yuanyuan , Hu Lingli , Chen Wenjing , Wang Bin , Dong Jingcheng , Sun Jing
Published: October 2021

Backgrounds. Asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are common chronic diseases of the respiratory system in clinical practice. However, the relationship and molecular links between them remain unclear, and the current treatment's efficacy is disappointing. Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi (BSYQ) decoction has clinically proved to be effective in treating various chronic airway inflammatory diseases, including asthma and IPF. But the underlying pharmacological mechanisms are still to be elucidated. Methods. This study searched the proteins related to asthma and IPF via TTD, CTD, and DisGeNET database. We then submitted them to the STRING database to establish the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The co-bioinformatics analysis was conducted by Metascape. The active ingredients of BSYQ decoction were screened from TCMSP，ETCM，BATMAN-TCM database and HPLC/MS experiment. Then we predicted the corresponding targets based on TCMSP，ETCM, and BATMAN-TCM database. The common targets for asthma and IPF treatment were recognized, and further GO and KEGG analyses were conducted with the DAVID platform. Finally, molecule docking via Autodock Vina was employed to predict the potential binding mode between core potential compounds and targets.Results. One thousand three hundred thirty-three asthma-related targets and 404 IPF-related proteins were retrieved, 120 were overlapped between them, and much of the asthma-related proteins fall into the same statistically significant GO terms with IPF. One hundred sixteen active ingredients of BSYQ decoction were acquired, and 1535 corresponding targets were retrieved. Eighty-three potential compounds and 56 potential targets were recognized for both asthma and IPF treatment. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the inflammation response, cytokine production, leukocyte differentiation, oxygen level response, etc., were the common pathological processes in asthma and IPF, which were regulated by BSYQ decoction. Molecule docking further predicted the potential binding modes between the core potential compounds and targets.Conclusion. The current study successfully clarified the complex molecule links between asthma and IPF and found the potential common targets between them. Then we demonstrated the efficacy of BSYQ decoction for asthma and IPF treatment from the angle of network pharmacology, which may provide valuable references for further studies and clinical use.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Brazilian Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis of Published Studies
Authors: Valadares Letícia Teixeira de Siqueira , de Souza Luíza Siqueira Barreto , Júnior Valdir Alves Salgado , Bonomo Larissa de Freitas , de Macedo Leandro Roberto , Silva Maísa
Published: October 2021

BackgroundA cluster of interconnected cardiometabolic risk factors characterizes metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The prevalence of MetS is increasing worldwide, but there is not a meta-analysis of this prevalence in the Brazilian population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult general population in Brazil through a meta‑analysis study. MethodsOriginal research studies were searched at PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases, from 2011 to 2021. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute tool to assess the quality of included studies. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetS. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis were conducted for explored heterogeneity and used the Funnel Plot to assess publication bias. The study was performed based on the criteria of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). ResultsThe search in electronic databases identified 1598 records. From this total, 26 studies were eligible to be included in the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence among the general population of Brazil was 33% with high heterogeneity observed. By gender, the prevalences were 26% in males and 38% in females. By criteria that was used to define MetS, the prevalence were 31% in NCEP ATP III, 25% in JIS, 37% in IDF/NHLBI/AHA/WHF/IAS/IASO and 33% in IDF criteria. The prevalence in different habitat was 34% in urban, 15% in rural, 28% in quilombola and 37% in indigenous. In different regions was 37% in the South, 30% in Southeast, 38% in North, 31% in Northeast and 39% in Midwest. The pooled prevalence of MetS with age was <45 years: 43% and ≥45 years: 42% and the prevalence based on year of study implementation was 31% in 2015-2019, 35% in 2010-2014 and 28% in 2005-2009. There were no statistically significant differences between subgroups. Most of the studies showed high quality assessment criteria’s except adequate sample size criteria and many studies participants were not sampled in an appropriate way. ConclusionsOur review indicates a high prevalence of MetS in the healthy Brazilian adult population, when compared to others countries and with a world estimate.
CROPSR: An Automated Platform for Complex Genome-Wide CRISPR gRNA Design and Validation
Authors: Paul Hans Müller , Istanto Dave D , Heldenbrand Jacob , Hudson Matthew
Published: October 2021

Background: CRISPR/Cas9 technology has become an important tool to generate targeted, highly specific genome mutations. The technology has great potential for crop improvement, as crop genomes are tailored to optimize specific traits over generations of breeding. Many crops have highly complex and polyploid genomes, particularly those used for bioenergy or bioproducts. The majority of tools currently available for designing and evaluating gRNAs for CRISPR experiments were developed based on mammalian genomes that do not share the characteristics or design criteria for crop genomes. Results: We have developed the first open source tool for genome-wide design and evaluation of gRNA sequences for CRISPR experiments, CROPSR. The genome-wide approach provides a significant decrease in the time required to design a CRISPR experiment, including validation through PCR, at the expense of an overhead compute time required once per genome, at the first run. To better cater to the needs of crop geneticists, restrictions imposed by other packages on design and evaluation of gRNA sequences were lifted. A new machine learning model was developed to provide scores while avoiding situations in which the currently available tools sometimes failed to provide guides for repetitive, A/T-rich genomic regions. We show that our gRNA scoring model provides a significant increase in prediction accuracy over existing tools, even in non-crop genomes. Conclusions: CROPSR provides the scientific community with new methods and a new workflow for performing CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments. CROPSR reduces the challenges of working in crops, and helps speed gRNA sequence design, evaluation and validation. We hope that the new software will accelerate discovery and reduce the number of failed experiments.
Evolution of acoustic communication in fungus-growing ant societies
Authors: Murakami Takahiro , Sakamoto Hironori , Higashi Seigo
Published: October 2021

Do ants ‘talk’? If so, how important is talking in ant societies? Chemical communication, through pheromones for example, was thought to be the main communication tool in ant societies; however, a major question is whether chemical substances alone can control highly differentiated social behaviours. In this study, we focused on the ‘talk’ of agricultural ants, key organisms in the Neotropical ecosystem, and conducted a detailed acoustic analysis. Our results indicate that in fungus-growing ants, acoustic communication is a much more frequent and critical factor than previously believed. The frequency of stridulatory sound-production recordings from the ants were found to be significantly correlated with social structure complexity. Structural analysis indicated that both the area and number of slits in the stridulatory acoustic organs were significantly correlated with body size. The ability of leaf-cutting ants to maintain fungus gardens was significantly lower in the sound-inhibited group than in the pheromone secretion-inhibited group. These results suggest that ants that have become ‘chattier’ may induce altruistic behaviours and create more complex societies. The findings of this study may be applicable not only to social evolution studies but also for effectively controlling ant behaviours.
Prognostic Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in DCIS: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Shuang-Ling , Yu Xinmiao , Mao Xiaoyun , Jin Feng
Published: October 2021

BackgroundTumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been demonstrated to be associated with the prognosis of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the role of TILs and TIL subsets in predicting the recurrence risk of DCIS.MethodPubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane were searched to identify publications investigating the prognostic role of TILs in DCIS. After study screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between TILs (total TILs, CD4+, CD8+, FOXP3+, PD-L1+ TILs) and the risk of DCIS recurrence.ResultsA pooled analysis indicated that dense stromal TILs in DCIS were associated with a higher recurrence risk (HR 2.11 (95% CI 1.35-3.28)). Subgroup analysis showed that touching TILs (HR 4.73 (95% CI 2.28-9.80)) was more favorable than the TIL ratio (HR 1.49 (95% CI 1.11-1.99)) in estimating DCIS recurrence risk. Moreover, the predictive value of TILs is suitable for patients who are diagnosed with DCIS and then undergo surgery (HR 2.77, (95% CI 1.26-6.07)) or surgery accompanied by radiotherapy (HR 2.26, (95% CI 1.29-3.95)), but not for patients who receive comprehensive adjuvant therapies (HR 1.16, (95% CI 1.35-3.28)). Among subsets of TILs, dense stromal PD-L1+ TILs were valuable in predicting higher recurrence risk of DCIS.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed the predictive value of TILs and stromal PD-L1+ TILs in DCIS and indicated an appropriate assessment method for TILs and an eligible population.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Morbidity Profile of Schistosoma Infection Among Adults in the Taabo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, South-central Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Bassa Fidèle K. , Eze Ikenna C. , Assaré Rufin K. , Essé Clémence , Koné Siaka , Acka Félix , Laubhouet-Koffi Véronique , Kouassi Dinard , Bonfoh Bassirou , Utzinger Jürg , N'Goran Eliezer K.
Published: October 2021

Background: Schistosomiasis remains an important public health issue among adults and infected individuals not treated serve as a reservoir of the parasite. Despite this fact, evidence on the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in adults in Côte d’Ivoire is scanty. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis among adults in the Taabo health and demographic surveillance system in the south-central part of Côte d’Ivoire.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in April and May 2017 in the frame of the “Côte d’Ivoire Dual Burden of Disease Study” (CoDuBu). A total of 901 randomly selected individuals, aged 18-90 years, provided blood, stool and urine samples for the diagnosis of malaria and helminth infections. With an emphasis on schistosomiasis, stool samples were subjected to the Kato-Katz technique for detection of Schistosoma mansoni eggs, while urine samples were examined for eggs of Schistosoma haematobium and circulating cathodic antigen of S. mansoni. Risk factors and morbidity profiles were assessed using health examination and questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regressions were employed to identify independent risk factors and morbidity patterns associated with S. mansoni mono- and co-infections.Results: The prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium was 23.2% and 1.0%, respectively. Most S. mansoni were mono-infections (81.3%). Independent determinants of S. mansoni infection were young age, low socioeconomic status (mono- and co-infection) and poor hygiene practices (co-infection). S. mansoni infection was independently associated with higher pain and symptom scores (mono-infection), poor self-rated health and low healthcare use (co-infection).Conclusions: This study showed that adults represent a substantial reservoir of S. mansoni. To sustain schistosomiasis control and improve people’s wellbeing, it is important to expand preventive chemotherapy from school-aged children to adults, coupled with hygiene and health education.
Migraine Abortive Treatment in Children and Adolescents in Israel
Authors: Genizi Jacob , Lahoud Dana , Cohen Rony
Published: October 2021

Migraine headaches in children may cause attacks that require abortive treatment. This study evaluated the incidence and efficacy of medications used for relieving migraine headache attacks in the pediatric population in Israel. Children 6–18 years of age who were diagnosed in our pediatric neurology clinic as having migraine headaches were enrolled into the study. Children and their parents recorded the children response to abortive treatment during three consecutive migraine attacks. Fifty children, with 116 migraine attacks, were included in the study (30 females; mean age 12; range 6–18). Forty-seven (94%) reported on abortive treatment on the first migraine attack, 43 (86%) on a second migraine attack and 26 (52%) on a third migraine attack. During the first recorded migraine attack, 41 children (87.5%) reported taking only one type of medication for each headache episode, mainly ibuprofen or acetaminophen; less than a quarter used dipyrone. The improvement rate after two hours was 65.4%±27 for ibuprofen, 59.8±35.3 for acetaminophen and 50.9±27.4 for dipyrone. In conclusion, Children with migraine in Israel mainly use a single medication for each headache episode. Ibuprofen is the most commonly used abortive treatment; however, acetaminophen was associated with a better response.