bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A128: Research on Safety Risk Management of Youth Short-Term Swimming
Training
Authors: Zhou Donghua
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Through the investigation and analysis of the current situation of
safety risk management in short-term swimming training for teenagers, to put
forward strategies and suggestions for risk prevention and risk management,
to improve the awareness of safety risk prevention of swimming training
managers, instructors and participants.

Methods: Literature analysis, interview, questionnaire and mathematical
statistics were used.

Results: It was discovered that there were many security risks in the
management of short-term swimming training for teenagers: (1) There are
security risks in the management of swimming venues and facilities. (2) The
lifeguard qualifications do not meet the required standards. (3) The
qualification level of swimming training coaches is not high. (4) There are
hidden dangers in the safety risk management of swimming training teaching
organization, such as the large scale of teaching class system and the lack
of safety education in classroom organization. (5) Swimming training
managers lack safety training awareness. Simultaneously, an analysis of the
factors influencing the safety risks associated with short-term swimming
training for teenagers was conducted. This primarily encompasses (1) safety
aspects concerning swimming training facilities; (2) safety risk factors
pertaining to swimming coaches, such as their qualifications and workload
intensity; (3) safety risk factors associated with swimming training
institutions; (4) factors impacting the safety risks faced by swimming
training managers; and (5) factors affecting the safety risks encountered by
students undergoing swimming training.

Conclusion/Discussion: (1) There were problems in the safety of the hardware
facilities of some swimming training institutions. (2) There were safety
problems in the health prevention of swimming training institutions. (3)
Swimming training institutions had security risks in personnel management.
(4) Swimming students' self-rescue abilities were weak. (5) The water safety
education of parents with children enrolled in swimming classes was
insufficient. We put forward the following countermeasures and suggestions:
(1) The hardware facilities at swimming training institutions have been
strengthened and improved to ensure optimal conditions for training. (2)
Health facilities are staffed with specialized personnel and equipped with
relevant treatment options to ensure the safety and well-being of all
participants. (3) Staffing levels at venues have been increased to provide
adequate support for all activities. (4) Self-rescue skills are now
incorporated into daily teaching practices, promoting a culture of safety
among students. (5) Efforts have been made to enhance students' awareness of
water safety through various educational initiatives.
A148: Motor Cortices Activation and Gait Performance of Older Adults
During Turning Under Motor-Cognition Dual Task
Authors: Dong Yuqi , Wu Yunzhi , Zhang Cui
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The degeneration of neural, skeletal, and muscular
systems increases the difficulty of straight walking in older adults. This
challenge is further amplified when cognitive dual tasks are added. Turning
is a common movement in daily life, with a higher risk of falls compared to
straight walking, yet it has been under-researched. This study aimed to
explore the effects of motor-cognitive dual tasks on the activation of
motor-related cortices and gait performance during turning in older adults,
and the correlation between brain activation and gait performance.

Methods: Twenty older participants (68.8±3.3 years) were
included. Participants performed two tasks at a comfortable pace: walking in
an eight-shaped path (single task, ST) and performing a digit alertness
cognitive task during ST (dual task, DT). Data collection was conducted
using fNIRS and three-dimensional motion capture system to extract the
activation of premotor cortex and supplementary motor area (PMC&SMA),
primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and
somatosensory association cortex (SAC), as well as gait parameters including
step length, step width, step frequency, step speed, and their variability.
Paired t-tests were used to compare the differences in test results between
ST and DT, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the
correlation between brain activation and gait results. p < 0.05 was
considered statistically significant.

Results: Compared to ST, participants under the DT condition
showed decreased activation in PMC&SMA, M1, and S1 (p < 0.040),
decreased gait speed (p = 0.048), and increased step frequency variability
(p = 0.049). Under the ST condition, negative correlations were found
between PMC&SMA activation and gait speed (|r| = 0.519, p = 0.019),
between PMC&SMA, M1 activation and step frequency (|r| > 0.586, p
< 0.01), and positive correlations between PMC&SMA, S1, SAC
activation and step frequency variability (|r| > 0.448, p < 0.05).
Under the DT condition, negative correlations were observed between
PMC&SMA activation and step frequency (|r| = 0.481, p = 0.032), and
between S1, SAC activation and step length (|r| > 0.463, p <
0.05).

Conclusion: Compared to single task, the older adults exhibited
decreased activation of motor-related cortices, poorer gait performance
under motor-cognitive dual tasks. This may be related to the higher demand
for brain attention resources, leaving fewer resources for the automated
walking patterns that do not require as much activation in the motor areas.
Regardless of single or dual tasks, the brain activation correlated
negatively with gait performance.
A155: Exploring the Temporal-Spatial Advantage in SRTT Tasks for
Competitive Martial Arts Specialists
Authors: Wu Ziao , Jing Xuefei , Pei Yixiang , Gu Ye , Tang Binyan , Yang Zhekun
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Wushu, a vital part of national heritage,
requires active promotion. Competitive wushu sports offer unique research
opportunities. Long-term wushu training enhances balance, attention
distribution, and time perception, crucial for precise movement control in
competitions. However, existing research lacks focus on temporal and spatial
predictability in competitive wushu sparring athletes. This study aimed to
delve into the temporal and spatial predictability strengths of specialist
martial arts athletes, shedding light on their advantages in time sense and
spatial awareness.

Method: To explore the strengths of experts in martial arts,
this study used the SRTT to discuss the possible advantages of experts in
the use of temporally and spatially predictable information in the accurate
execution of keystrokes in comparison to adults. A group of 23 martial arts
athletes and 36 university students without any martial arts training
volunteered to participate in this experiment. Statistical tests of temporal
predictability (predictable FIX condition/unpredictable RAN condition) and
spatial predictability (low/medium/high) were conducted for each of the
three stimulus intervals (0.7 s/1.2 s/1.7 s), and the statistical methods of
ANOVA were used for each of the three groups of experts (expert
group/general group).

Results: The repeated-measures ANOVA test revealed a
nonsignificant main effect of group (F = 0.053, p > 0.05). Significant
results included spatial predictability (F = 148.09, p < 0.001),
indicating reduced responses with increased predictability. Stimulus
interval (F = 54.68, p < 0.001) had notable effects, particularly at 1.2
s and 1.7 s. Temporal predictability (F = 41.24, p < 0.05) also impacted
response times, with faster responses observed with higher temporal
predictability. Significant binary and ternary interactions, along with a
significant quadratic interaction, were evident.

Conclusion/Discussion: When temporal predictability was high
and spatial location predictability was high, the general group outperformed
the expert group, regardless of the temporal stimulus interval. Conversely,
with medium spatial predictability and a 1.7-second stimulus interval, the
expert group exhibited faster responses than the general group. In the RAN
condition, the expert group showed faster responses than the general group
with high spatial location predictability, regardless of the stimulus
interval variations. Additionally, with medium spatial location
predictability and a 1.2-second interval, the expert group was notably
faster than the general group. This suggests that general students perform
better with shorter stimulus intervals, while martial arts students excel at
medium intervals, showcasing their inclination towards seeking stable
structures amidst cognitive disorder, a trait further enhanced by high
spatial predictability.
A156: The Effects of School-Based Concurrent Training on Body Composition
and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Children
Authors: Gao Yuhang , Cao Meng , Wu Minhua
Published: January 2025

Objective: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a highly
effective form of exercise for the obese population. Concurrent training
(CT) is also an effective intervention. Simultaneous training is often in
the form of strength combined with aerobic training. Considering the high
efficiency of HIIT, this study considered combining HIIT with aerobic
training and HIIT with resistance training respectively to form two
simultaneous training programs to observe its effects on body composition
and cardiorespiratory fitness in children with obesity.

Methods: Thirty children with obesity [age: (10.1 ± 0.7)
years, BMI: (55.0 ± 6.1) kg/m2] were recruited from a
primary school and randomly assigned into two concurrent training groups
(CT1, CT2) and a control group (CG). CT1 group performed sprint interval
training [3 sets × 10 bouts of 15 seconds sprint at 90% maximal heart
rate (HRmax) interval by 15 seconds’ rest, 3 minutes rest between
each set], followed by 10 minutes of aerobic ladder climbing [10 bouts of 12
ladders at 60~70% HRmax with 15 seconds’ rest, 3 minutes rest
between each set]. The CT2 group performed the same sprint interval training
as CT1, followed by 10 minutes of core-strength training (plank 60 s ×
1, supine leg raise 10 times × 2, bicycle crunches 10 s × 2,
seated scissor kicks 20 s × 1, sit-ups 20 times × 1, with 15 s
rest and 1-minute rest between sets). Body composition and cardiorespiratory
fitness were measured pre- and post-intervention and analyzed using ANOVA
tests and t-tests with SPSS 25.0.

Results: The paired sample t-test found that body weight, BMI,
body fat percentage, body fat, and visceral adipose tissue area were
significantly improved (t-values: 5.014, 7.271, 6.736, 2.883, 6.217, P <
0.05). The 20 m-SRT and VO2max increased (t-values: -10.301,
-15.95, P < 0.05). Among them, the indices in the CT2 group showed
significant changes (t-values: 6.265, 7.901, 5.821, 10.256, -3.097, P <
0.05). The 20 m-SRT and VO2max increased (t-values: -8.583,
-11.375, P < 0.05). ANOVA analysis of changes in CT1 and CT2 pre- and
post-intervention found that body weight, BMI, visceral fat, 20 m-SRT, and
VO2max improvements in the CT1 group were significantly
better than those in the CT2 group (F-values: 6.468, 7.652, 48.384, 7.821,
20.101, and 27.655; all P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The CT training of HIIT combined with ladder
training can achieve a more efficient weight loss effect and improve
cardiorespiratory fitness. HIIT combined with aerobic exercise can be an
efficient exercise prescription for children with obesity.
A160: Effects of Social Support on College Students' Exercise
Behavior
Authors: Yang Yuqing , Liu Liping , Chen Shanping , Guo Tiantian
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Improving college students’ physical
fitness and health has been a critical concern for the state and society.
Existing studies have shown that exercise self-efficacy and social support
are essential intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing college students’
exercise behavior. This study is based on the theory of social support. It
replaced positive psychology with exercise self-efficacy, analyzed the
influence of social support on college students’ exercise behavior, and
explored the mediating role of exercise self-efficacy between social support
and exercise behavior.

Methods: 807 college students were randomly selected for the
survey using the Perceived Social Support Scale, Physical Exercise Behavior
Scale, and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed on SPSS 26.0
using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation method for variable
correlation, the PROCESS plug-in (version 3.1) Model 4 for mediation
analysis, and the Bootstrap test.

Results: (1) There was a significant positive correlation
between social support, exercise behavior, and exercise self-efficacy
(r = 0.114–0.193, P < 0.01); (2)
Social support was able to negatively and significantly positively predict
exercise behavior (β = 2.680, P <
0.01); (3) Exercise self-efficacy played a partial mediating role in the
influence of social support on physical exercise behavior
(β = 0.327, t = 5.200, 95%
CI = [0.183, 1.122], interval does not include 0), and
the mediating effect was 21.29%.

Conclusion/Discussion: Exercise self-efficacy had a mediating
role in the influence of social support on college students’ exercise
behavior. It also suggested that school sports departments can enhance
exercise self-efficacy by improving college students’ social support to
further promote their participation in exercise activities. Unlike previous
studies, this study replaced positive psychology with exercise self-efficacy
and analyzed the partial mediating effect of exercise self-efficacy between
social support and exercise behavior, suggesting that we may also have other
psychological variables, such as exercise motivation. In the mediation
model, this study only analyzed the overall social support. The follow-up
study can divide social support into three dimensions: family support,
friend support, and teacher support, and explore the specific impact path
and differences. In summary, this study examined social support as an
independent variable, exercise behavior as a dependent variable, and
exercise self-efficacy as an intermediary variable to construct an
intermediary model. Combined with the perspective of sports science and
psychology, it provided a theoretical basis for guiding college students to
participate in physical exercise and actively improve their physical
health.
A162: Meta-Analysis on the Association Between Echo Intensity, Muscle
Strength, and Physical Function in Older Individuals
Authors: Yuan Han , Kim Maengkyu , Gao Zeng , Zhou Tong
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Ultrasonographic echo intensity (EI) has
been used to indicate skeletal muscle quality. Although lower extremity
strength decreases significantly more than upper extremity strength during
muscle decay with aging, it has yet to be demonstrated whether EI of the
whole thigh muscle affects strength, explosive power, and physical function
(PF) in older persons. Through a meta-analysis, this study aimed to
systematically assess the association of EI, MS, and PF in older adults.

Methods: A systematic approach to searching was performed using
Boolean operators on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL
up to October 2022. Studies of any design were included if the association
between EI with MS and PF (strength, balance, and mobility) was investigated
in healthy older persons. Study-related characteristics and Pearson's
correlation coefficients were extracted. Fisher's z was used to convert
Pearson r aggregation to a weighted average rz value, which was then
back-transformed to r values. The random effects model was used to estimate
the combined effect size and 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity was
assessed using I2 statistics.

Results: Twenty-four studies (2,491 individuals, mean age of
the study population 71.3 ± 5.5 years) were included in the
meta-analysis. Among healthy older persons, EI was negatively associated
with lower extremity maximal strength (r = -0.351, 95% CI: -0.411 to -0.288,
P < 0.001) and explosive power (r = -0.342, 95% CI: -0.517 to -0.139, P =
0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed there was a significant negative
correlation between EI and handgrip strength (r = -0.361, 95% CI: -0.463 to
-0.249, P < 0.001). In contrast, there was only a small-scale and
non-significant negative association between EI and gait speed (r = -0.003,
95% CI: -0.083 to -0.077, P = 0.943), whereas a weak non-significant
correlation was observed with the chair stand test (r = 0.072, 95% CI:
-0.045 to 0.187, P = 0.227).

Conclusion/Discussion: Enhanced EI in thigh muscles was found
to be associated with lower strength and power, but not with balance and
mobility in older persons. More well-designed large-sample studies and
long-term follow-ups are warranted to provide applied value for this
population's frailty prediction and risk assessment.
A169: Association Between Daily Steps and Frailty in Older Adults
Authors: Kong Lingsong , Parvizi Pardis , Bajpai Shivangi , Paluch Amanda
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Frailty is a significant health challenge
for the aging population, increasing vulnerability to adverse health
outcomes such as chronic disease, falls, disability, and mortality. Early
detection and monitoring of frailty are critical for effectively managing
frailty. Daily steps, as a measure of physical activity, hold valuable
information about health status and may serve as an indicator of frailty.
This study aimed to examine the association between daily steps and frailty
in older adults.

Method: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were
searched for published studies up to June 2023. The search terms were
("daily step" or "steps per day" or "step count" or "number of steps" or
"step volume") AND ("frailty" or "frail" or "pre-frailty" or "pre-frail" or
"prefrailty" or "prefrail"). The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed
articles in English involving older adults aged ≥ 65 years,
device-measured daily steps, and reported frailty status. Pooled estimates
of mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between frailty
groups (non-frail, prefrail, frail) were obtained using random-effects
models. The prefrail and frail groups were combined in the primary
analysis.

Results: Thirteen articles comprising 3,383 participants (71.21
± 6.69 years, 75.58% female, 42.45% prefrail and frail) were included
in the analysis. Daily steps were significantly lower in the prefrail and
frail combined group compared to the non-frail group (MD = 2,008, 95% CI:
1,003, 3,013, I
2 = 86%). This association was consistent across subgroups
stratified by health conditions, regions, wearables placement, and frailty
measurement. Further analyses within the three frailty groups revealed that
the prefrail group accumulated 995 steps/day (95% CI: 407, 1,582,
I
2 = 73%) less than the non-frail group, but 947 steps/day (95%
CI: 567, 1,327, I
2 = 32%) more than the frail group.

Conclusion/Discussion: Current evidence suggested that older
adults with frailty tend to have lower daily steps compared to non-frail
older adults. Daily steps may be an indicator of frailty status in older
adults.
A171: The Effects of Qigong on Balance and Fall Prevention in Older
Adults
Authors: Zhang Rong , Fang Zilong
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Falls are the second leading cause of
unintentional injury deaths globally, with approximately 684,000 deaths from
falls each year, and older adults are at the highest risk of death or
serious injury due to imbalance, with risk increasing with age. Coupled with
the accelerating global aging process, the safety of the elderly population
due to fall imbalance should be taken seriously. Qigong, one of the classic
traditional Chinese exercises, is beneficial for improving the physical
fitness of the elderly. However, few studies have reported the effect of
Qigong on fall risk in older adults. Therefore, we conducted this systematic
review to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese Qigong on balance
and fall-related factors in the elderly population.

Method: Using keywords such as “falls,” “balance function,”
“older adults,” and “Qigong,” RCTs related to the influence of Chinese
traditional Qigong on balance function and fall prevention among older
adults were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscuss, CNKI, and
Wanfang in Spring 2024. Subsequently, literature screening and quality
assessment were performed.

Results: Ten articles were included in this review. The
intervention strategy consisted mainly of Qigong Baduanjin and Wuqinxi. A
total of 925 healthy older adults aged 60–80 years were included. The
duration of the intervention ranged from 1 to 12 months. The frequency of
the intervention ranged from 30–60 minutes of exercise 2–7 times
per week. Findings showed that nine studies demonstrated a significant
effect on improvement of balance or fall prevention in older adults with
traditional Chinese Qigong exercises (all p < 0.05). The
one study with no intervention effect on dynamic balance ability may be
because of visual change interference in the open eye state.

Conclusion/Discussion: Based on the studies reviewed, it seemed
that traditional Chinese Qigong was effective in reducing the risk of falls
in the elderly. Qigong is mainly used to prevent falls by improving static
and dynamic balance, coordination, and lower limb muscle strength in older
adults. However, existing studies mostly validate the application effects
and lack in-depth mechanism investigation. There is also no clear
harmonization of exercise time, frequency, intensity, and systematic regimen
of Qigong interventions. Therefore, we recommend researchers conduct more
studies to further clarify the potential mechanisms of Qigong for fall
prevention and their exercise prescription.
A179: Investigation of Hydration Status and Drinking Water Intake
Recommendations in Taekwondo Athletes
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Yan Yi , Pan Xinliang , Chen Jianhao , Sui Hongtao
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: Water is a crucial component of the human body, participating in
numerous metabolic processes and playing a vital role in maintaining life
and athletic performance. Water imbalance is a common occurrence among
athletes, including those in Taekwondo, who are particularly susceptible to
dehydration due to intense exercise, significant fluid loss, and
pre-competition weight reduction. Proper hydration is crucial for taekwondo
athletes. However, current water intake recommendations have not been
specifically tailored to this sport.

Objective: To investigate the quantity and composition of daily fluid intake
among Taekwondo athletes, with the aim of preventing dehydration and
improper rehydration practices that may negatively impact physical health
and athletic performance. The research findings will serve as a theoretical
foundation for developing an effective rehydration program, enhancing the
hydration status of Taekwondo athletes, and elevating their sports
performance.

METHODS: Sixty-six taekwondo athletes were recruited using a simple random
sampling method. The participants recorded their daily fluid intake, using
graduated cups for 7 consecutive days. They also filled in a 24-hour water
intake record form for 7 days. Urine specific gravity and osmotic pressure
were measured by collecting morning urine samples for 7 consecutive
days.

RESULTS: 1. The survey participants had a median daily fluid rehydration
volume of 1,765 mL, with men consuming 1,800 mL and women consuming 1,755
mL, mainly in the form of plain water. Approximately 84.80% of the subjects
were dehydrated using urinary specific gravity >1.020 as the dehydration
standard, while 85.7% were dehydrated using osmotic pressure ≥800 mOsm/kg as
the standard. The subjects had a median urine specific gravity of 1.025 and
a median osmotic pressure of 10050 mOsm/kg. The hydration status of male
participants was superior to that of female participants, particularly on
rest days compared to training days. Additionally, female athletes in the 57
kg weight category exhibited the highest level of hydration.

CONCLUSION: 1. The study found that the current drinking habits of Taekwondo
athletes are insufficient to meet their body's water demands during daily
life, which can lead to dehydration. 2. It is suggested that Taekwondo
athletes and coaches improve their awareness and behaviour. Professional
athletes should receive education on fluid rehydration, including the
importance of proper fluid intake during sports activities. This will
increase their awareness of the importance of fluid rehydration and improve
their rehydration behavior.
A025: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and International Studies on Tai
Chi Interventions for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Xiang Yi
Published: January 2025

Research Objective: This study aimed to comparatively analyze the research
progress, focuses, hotspots, and knowledge community evolution in the field
of Tai Chi for knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation at home and abroad.
Furthermore, this study seeks to reveal the deepseated reasons for the
differences and promote the integration and development of research both
domestically and internationally, providing more beneficial theoretical and
practical references for the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis
patients.

Research Methods: This study employed the CiteSpace V6.1.R6 software, built
on the JAVA platform, to conduct a knowledge mapping analysis of 66 Chinese
and English literature from 2004 to 2023. Pathfinder and MST algorithms were
used for cooccurrence analysis of keywords, and data on annual publication
volume, journals, highly productive authors, and institutions were
compiled.

Research Results: In terms of the publication volume of Tai Chi intervention
studies for knee osteoarthritis, domestic studies have shown rapid growth,
with a concentration of journal achievements and higher impact factors.
There was a significant difference between core authors and their influence
on Tai Chi research at home and abroad, with a clear advantage abroad. Both
domestic and international Tai Chi research on knee osteoarthritis presented
characteristics. In China, research can be divided into two stages: basic
research from 2004 to 2019 and differentiated research from 2019 to 2023.
Internationally, research can be categorized into a stage focused on the
musculoskeletal system from 2010 to 2015 and a subsequent stage that shifted
to the nervous system after 2015, with international research having entered
a new stage centered around the nervous system.

Research Conclusions: Despite sharing the same starting point, the research
on Tai Chi interventions for knee osteoarthritis at home and abroad has
taken different development paths due to differences in research concepts.
Foreign studies emphasized the integration of sports and medicine, exploring
the therapeutic value of Tai Chi from a medical perspective, while domestic
research mainly focuses on the exercise perspective. Both have their own
emphases and can learn from eachother. In the current context of the
integration of sports and medicine, China should change its understanding of
Tai Chi, establish a disease-centered research model, explore its
therapeutic value, and promote the strategic development of the integration
of sports and medicine.
A026: Research on Traditional Ethnic Sports Culture in China
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Zhao Wei , Wen Miaomiao
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Ethnic traditional sports culture is an important component of
Chinese traditional culture, which can enhance Chinese cultural confidence
and achieve a cultural powerhouse. This study aimed to (1) explore the
progress of research on traditional Chinese sports culture and (2) analyze
the future development trends of traditional Chinese sports culture.

Methods: This study searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure
database using the keyword "ethnic traditional sports culture", and a total
of 666 related articles were retrieved from 2019 to 2024. By utilizing the
co-occurrence chart, timeline chart, and prominent words of keywords in
Citespace visualization software, this study analyzed the current research
status, research hotspots, and evolutionary trends of traditional Chinese
sports culture since 2019.

Results: (1) Current research status: Yu Zhenkai, Zhu Yacheng, Wei Xiaokang,
and others are prolific authors, and most of their research is focused on
individuals. The institutions with many publications from Chengdu Sport
University, Jishou University, and Shanghai University of Sport, but they
have not yet formed large-scale cooperation. (2) The research hotspots can
be summarized into four knowledge groups: promoting traditional ethnic
sports culture, creating an ecological environment for traditional ethnic
sports culture, promoting traditional ethnic sports in universities, and
enhancing confidence in traditional ethnic culture. (3) Future research
should focus on three aspects: the traditional sports culture of Chinese
ethnic minorities, enhancing the confidence of Chinese traditional culture,
and promoting the implementation path of national traditional sports
culture.

Conclusion: At present, the research on traditional Chinese sports culture is
not rich, and there are problems such as insufficient understanding and weak
foundation for development, including facing difficulties in promotion. In
the future, we should vigorously carry out traditional ethnic sports
activities, revitalize traditional ethnic sports culture, enhance national
awareness and patriotism, promote national fitness activities, and
strengthen cultural confidence.
A030: Promotional Effects of Exercise on Quality of Life in Breast Cancer
Women
Authors: Han Bing , Zhang Peizhen , Duan Yaya
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Multiple randomized controlled trials
(RCTs) have provided substantial support for the positive impact of exercise
on the quality of life among individuals with breast cancer. However, there
remains a paucity of understanding regarding the optimal exercise
interventions within this context. This knowledge gap significantly hinders
the capacity of clinical practitioners to accurately recommend suitable
exercise regimens for their patients. The aim of this study was to compare
and rank the effectiveness of four primary categories of exercise (aerobic,
resistance, mind-body, and combined exercise) on improving quality of life
in women with breast cancer by network meta-analysis.

Method: Articles published in English and indexed in the
PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EMBASE,
and CINAHL Plus databases from their inception to 12 December 2023 were
identified. Eligible studies were RCTs that involved exercise and assessed
quality of life using specialized tools. Two researchers used the Cochrane
Collaboration's tool for RCTs to assess the risk of bias for all included
studies. A Frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 15.0
to appraise the efficacy of different types of exercise.

Results: A total of 106 studies with 8,514 participants were
included. All four types of exercise were effective (standard mean
difference [SMD] = 0.36–0.70) in improving quality of life compared to usual
care. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) indicated that
combined exercise improved patients' quality of life the best (SMD = 0.70,
95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.89; SUCRA = 96.4%). For the secondary
outcomes, mind-body exercise was the most effective in improving patients'
depression (SMD = -0.52, 95% CI: -0.81 – -0.22; SUCRA = 74.4%). It was the
only mind-body exercise that significantly improved anxiety (SMD = -0.71,
95% CI: -1.11–-0.31).

Conclusion/Discussion: All types of exercise were effective in
improving quality of life among breast cancer women, combined exercise (the
combination of aerobic and resistance exercise) has the highest probability
of being the optimal exercise type for improving quality of life, and
mind-body exercise tends to be most effective in reducing their depression
and anxiety. In the future, more long-follow-up, multi-arm RCTs should be
conducted, and the optimal composition of combined exercise should be
further explored.
A043: Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Lung Function in
College Athletics Teaching
Authors: Sun Yanzhao
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose of the study: In recent years, high-intensity interval
training (HIT) has been used mainly by elite athletes as a training method,
but little attention has been paid by the scientific community to the fact
that HIT can be used as an effective training method to enhance aerobic
performance indices. Therefore, this study hypothesized that HIT would
enhance respiratory muscle strength and expiratory flow compared to
endurance training (ET). This study also aimed to characterize the effects
of HIT on the pulmonary system in order to increase scientific and athletic
attention to the effects of high-intensity interval training on aerobic
performance.

Method: The study recruited 20 (9 females, 11 males; Mage = 18.4) physically
active, healthy student subjects (untrained) from a university in China who
were randomly assigned to either the ET group (n = 10) or the HIT group (n =
10). All subjects underwent a tiredness increment test (VO2max) on a
treadmill ergometer before and after training. Standard pulmonary function
tests, maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximal expiratory pressure
(PEmax), and maximal flow loops were performed before and after training.
HIT subjects performed a 4-week training program 4 days per week on a
treadmill ergometer at 90% of the final workload of VO2max, whereas ET
subjects worked out at 60% of VO2max. The HIT group performed five 2-minute
rounds with a 3-minute recovery period, and the ET group performed 45
minutes of consecutive circuits. A two-kilometer time trial (TT) was
performed before, after, and upon completion of training.

Outcome: Data were analyzed using SigmaStat statistical software and
expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Differences were determined using a
2 × 2 (group vs. time) mixed ANOVA. Tukey post hoc tests were used to
determine significant interaction effects. After training, both groups
improved VO2max (~7-10%) and TT (HIT 6.5±1.3%, ET 5.1±1.8%) (P < 0.05),
but there was no differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). PImax
(ET~25%, HIT~43%) increased in both training groups, and HIT values were
significantly higher than ET, and there was no change in expiratory flow
rate in both training groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: It was found that although HIT did not have a significant effect
on expiratory flow rate, it had beneficial effects on respiratory muscle
strength, which may help to minimize pulmonary limitations on exercise
performance. This form of training provides a time-saving alternative to
traditional endurance training and produced similar benefits.
A048: An Empirical Study on China's Export Potential of RECP Sporting
Goods
Authors: Wei Chen , Ping Chaohui , Wan Wuyi
Published: January 2025

Background/Objective: Amidst China's diminishing advantages in
raw material and labor costs and facing various trade barriers and
protectionism, this study explored the potential for China's sports goods
export trade within the RCEP framework to foster sustainable growth and
advance the quality development of China's sports industry during the 14th
Five-Year Plan.

Methods: Utilizing data from WTO, WDI, HFI, and other reputable
databases, this study employed the stochastic frontier attraction model and
trade non-efficiency model to analyze China's sports goods export to RCEP
member countries from 2008 to 2022. Panel data analysis was conducted using
Stata 17.0, including mixed effect regression, fixed effect regression, and
random effect regression.

Results: At a 1% significance level, the study detected
non-efficiency terms and employed a time-varying stochastic frontier model.
China and importing countries' GDP exhibited significant positive effects,
while the total population of China and RCEP member countries showed
significant negative effects. Although the distance coefficient between
countries is positive, it was not statistically significant. Notably, tariff
freedom, fiscal freedom, financial freedom, and government expenditure of
export countries showed significant negative coefficients at confidence
levels of 10%, 5%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. Based on Liu Qingfeng et
al.'s quantitative classification, among the 14 RCEP member countries, 9
demonstrated huge potential, 2 showed potential for exploitation, and 3
indicated potential for remodeling.

Conclusion: China's sports goods exported trade to RCEP member
countries exhibited a relatively simple product structure and market
distribution, yet it demonstrated continuous growth. Factors such as
economic development, population size, and income levels of importing
countries significantly influenced trade. Moreover, tariff freedom, fiscal
freedom, financial freedom, and government expenditure positively impacted
export efficiency, while the commercial freedom of exporting countries acted
as a hindrance. Overall, there was substantial untapped potential for
China's sports goods export trade within RCEP, indicating a need to expand
the development space.
A052: Construction of Ski Instructors' Competency Evaluation Index System
Based on O*NET Working Analysis
Authors: Ran Juan , Wang Hongyan
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Skiing has emerged as a preeminent activity
in ice and snow tourism, with ski resorts significantly bolstering the
winter tourism economy. However, the burgeoning demand for instructors,
coupled with the increasing number of enthusiasts, poses critical challenges
for the sport's development. To address these issues, we have undertaken a
comprehensive competency assessment to inform the training and retraining of
instructors. This evaluation is also pertinent for selecting unlicensed
instructors.

Method: The study involved 12 experts and 250 ski instructors
from Jilin Province. Research was conducted using keywords such as
'competency model' and 'instructor quality'. The O*NET questionnaire and a
5-point Likert scale were employed to develop the competency test items for
ski instructors, encompassing extensive knowledge of ski theory and a
passion for skiing. Data analysis comprised Cronbach's α, KMO and Bartlett's
test, model fit analysis, and index weight analysis.

Results: The overall Cronbach's α was 0.868, with a KMO value
of 0.984, and the Bartlett test score reaching 5087.886 (p < 0.01). The
model fit analysis yielded a chi-square/DF of 1.248, with research
indicators (resea) below 0.08, CFI and TLI above 0.9, and PGFI exceeding
0.5. Following three rounds of surveys, consistency tests indicated that
each layer's indicators were CR < 0.1, leading to the
finalization of the evaluation index system's weights. The model included
five primary indicators: personal traits (0.1878), professional ability
(0.0872), work awareness ability (0.3047), coordination and communication
ability (0.2147), and service ability (0.2056), alongside 22 secondary
indicators, like achievement motivation (0.1352), skiing ability (0.3950),
and continuous learning ability (0.3528).

Conclusion/Discussion: The development of a ski instructors'
competency evaluation index system based on O*NET Working Analysis exhibited
scientific rigor and served as an effective tool for assessing ski
instructors' competency levels. Among the model's five primary indicators,
'work awareness ability' was most significant, underscoring the importance
of timely problem identification in coaching. Consequently, training should
integrate practical experience, theoretical testing, and competency
verification.
A056: Association Between Physical Fitness Level and State-Trait Anxiety
Among Chinese College Students
Authors: Wang Huiting
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the
association between physical fitness levels and state-trait anxiety
psychology among Chinese college students through quantitative data
analysis.

Methods: With the approval and consent of the Ethics Committee
of Soochow University, 4,500 undergraduate students at Soochow University in
the age range of 18 to 22 years old were recruited through simple random
sampling to participate in the questionnaire survey in November 2020.
Physical fitness was reflected by the results of the National Physical
Fitness Test for college students, and their state-trait anxiety status was
reflected by the scores of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Pearson's
correlation analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis, restrictive
cubic spline analysis, and independent samples t-tests were used to explore
the interrelationships between college students' physical fitness and their
psychological anxiety.

Results: There proved to be a negative association between
college students' physical fitness and state-trait anxiety. The
multidimensional structure of anxiety was closely related to this negative
association, with the combined category of state anxiety and trait anxiety
measured simultaneously ("Both") particularly reflecting this negative
association (male: p < 0.001, female: p = 0.001). Restrictive cubic
spline analyses showed that this association was also non-linear (p <
0.001). Among the physical fitness test indicators, vital capacity and
running ability responded most significantly to this negative predictive
relationship.

Conclusions: The findings suggested that higher levels of
physical fitness are associated with lower state-trait anxiety among Chinese
college students, and that effective psychological interventions to reduce
the anxiety levels of test-anxious students (especially those who test for
both state and trait anxiety) can be the key to improving the physical
fitness of Chinese college students.
A064: An Experimental Study on PE Teachers' Motivational Style Change on
Adolescents' Physical Activity
Authors: Xue Zhigang
Published: January 2025

Research background: Realistic demands: The decline of
adolescents' physical health has been the focus of global attention. Current
needs: Youth physical activity needs to be improved. Key issue: The interest
and motivation of adolescents to participate in physical activity are
generally low. Ways to improve: physical education can effectively promote
the physical activity of teenagers in their leisure time. It is of great
theoretical and practical value to study the integration of planned behavior
theory and self-determination theory to explain adolescents' leisure time
physical activity behavior to promote physical activity level using physical
activity interventions.

Research method: Mainly through the experimental method, 8
classes, 4 experimental classes and 4 control classes in the first grade of
junior middle school were selected, with 40.32 students in each class. The
proportion of males and females in the experimental group was 50.2% and
49.8% respectively. In the control group, the proportion of males and
females was 51.0% and 49%. By changing the teacher's motivation style, this
paper explored the influence of the social situation provided by PE teachers
on the youth's leisure time physical activity.

Research result: There were gender differences in the variables
of high-intensity physical activity and behavioral intention in leisure
time. Male students had higher high-intensity physical activity during
leisure time than female students, with the mean value 37.90 vs. 26.27,
t(448) =5.82, p < 0.01, and the mean value of behavioral intention was
3.90 vs 3.42, t(448) =3.58, p < 0.01. In univariate analysis of variance,
students with different family social status had significant differences in
the variables of subjective norm (F(2,447) =4.31, p < 0.05) and
high-intensity physical activity during leisure time (F(2,447) =3.87, p <
0.05). There were no differences in the 8 index variables of student origin
and BMI.

Research conclusion: The change of PE teacher's motivation
style can improve the level of teenagers' demand support perception and
autonomous motivation, and obviously improve students' physical activity
cognition and actual participation.
A068: A Case Study of HIPPY Family Intervention on Motor Ability in
Children with Developmental Delays
Authors: Zhou Jiayu , Wang Xiaozan , Xu Qinping
Published: January 2025

Background: The phenomenon of motor retardation caused by
serious insufficient physical activity of children is increasing. Improving
the family's parenting knowledge and skills can promote the family's healthy
lifestyle and have a positive impact on the healthy development of
children.

Method: The children with developmental delays were followed in
their natural state for three months, combined with the "HIPPY family
intervention model" to improve their family's parenting knowledge and
skills, and to intervene in the behavioral performance and physical activity
of children with motor development delays.

Results: After 3 months of HIPPY family intervention, TGMD
showed an overall upward trend, and the promotion effect of mobility skills
and manipulation skills was strong. The test data of exercise ability before
and after improved, in which balance coordination, agile response, flexible
stretching, muscle strength and aerobic endurance all significantly
increased, with balance coordination, agile response and flexible stretching
improving the most.

Conclusion: (1) HIPPY family intervention core
"family-centered", targeted to improve the motor ability of children with
developmental delays. (2) Pre-improved the parenting style of parents and
provided a guarantee for the improvement of the motor ability of
developmentally delayed children. (3) The content of family intervention is
rich and interesting, which effectively promotes the gross movement
improvement of children with motor retardation.
A090: The Effect of Forearm Support on the Upper Limb Motor Ability of
Patients with Hemiplegia
Authors: Sun Kaiwen
Published: January 2025

Research objective: Stroke is a kind of brain tissue injury
caused by accidental brain vascular lesions, which will lead to motor,
sensory, cognitive and other dysfunction in patients. At present, the number
of upper limb injuries in patients with hemiplegia far exceeds that of lower
limb injuries, and the upper limb dysfunction caused by hemiplegia has
become a significant clinical manifestation. The elderly are older and have
body function, and the treatment methods are limited. This paper explored
the influence of upper limb exercise ability in elderly patients with
hemiplegia.

Research method: This paper used the experimental method and
the MMT freehand muscle strength rating scale to compare patients before and
after the muscle strength treatment. Using the motor Function Status Scale
(MSS), the ability to thrive in daily living before and after treatment was
assessed using the modified Barthel index (MBI).

Research result: After 6 months of treatment, the MMT, motor
status scale (MSS) and the modified Barthel index scale improved
significantly over time (P < 0.05) and improved significantly better than
the control group over time (P < 0.05).

Research conclusion: Sitting Taijiquan provided a more
convenient treatment method for patients with lower limb dysfunction.
Through traditional health care techniques combined with modern technology,
it improved the treatment efficiency of patients and helped patients return
to life and make them return to society. The forearm wheelchair support
device combined with sitting Taijiquan can effectively improve the upper
limb exercise ability of elderly patients with hemiplegia. At the same time,
the forearm wheelchair support device had an auxiliary role in preventing
shoulder subluxation and secondary injury in hemiplegia patients. Through
the appropriate rehabilitation training to enhance the patient's physique,
it promoted recovery and provided a new therapeutic idea for therapists and
for the development of medical devices.