bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of NCS1 in Immunotherapy and Prognosis of Human Cancer
Authors: Wang Gen-Chun , Gan Xin , Zeng Yun-Qian , Chen Xin , Kang Hao , Huang Shuai-Wen , Hu Wei-Hua
Published: October 2023

The Neural Calcium Sensor1 (NCS1) is a crucial protein that binds to Ca2+ and is believed to play a role in regulating tumor invasion and cell proliferation. However, the role of NCS1 in immune infiltration and cancer prognosis is still unknown. Our study aimed to explore the expression profile, immune infiltration pattern, prognostic value, biological function, and potential compounds targeting NCS1 using public databases. High expression of NCS1 was detected by immune histochemical staining in LIHC (Liver hepatocellular carcinoma), BRCA (Breast invasive carcinoma), KIRC (Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma), and SKCM (Skin Cutaneous Melanoma). The expression of NCS1 in cancer was determined by TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas Program), GTEx (The Genotype-Tissue Expression), the Kaplan–Meier plotter, GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), GEPIA2.0 (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2.0), HPA (The Human Protein Atlas), UALCAN, TIMER2.0, TISIDB, Metascape, Drugbank, chEMBL, and ICSDB databases. NCS1 has genomic mutations as well as aberrant DNA methylation in multiple cancers compared to normal tissues. Also, NCS1 was significantly different in the immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune infiltrate-associated cells in different cancers, which could be used for the typing of immune and molecular subtypes of cancer and the presence of immune checkpoint resistance in several cancers. Univariate regression analysis, multivariate regression analysis, and gene enrichment analysis to construct prognostic models revealed that NCS1 is involved in immune regulation and can be used as a prognostic biomarker for SKCM, LIHC, BRCA, COAD, and KIRC. These results provide clues from a bioinformatic perspective and highlight the importance of NCS1 in a variety of cancers.
Periodontal Disease, Local and Systemic Inflammation in Puerto Ricans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Andriankaja Oelisoa M. , Adatorwovor Reuben , Kantarci Alpdogan , Hasturk Hatice , Shaddox Luciana , Levine Michael A.
Published: October 2023

Periodontal disease (PD) is prevalent in type 2 diabetic condition (T2DM). Objectives: We assessed the associations between serum or gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) endothelial and inflammatory mediators and chronic PD among T2DM Hispanic adults. Methods: We enrolled 248 Puerto Rican residents with T2DM aged 40–65 years. The exposures included serum inflammatory mediators (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α), endothelial adhesion molecules, RANKL levels, and the GCF content of these analytes from a subset of 158 samples. The outcomes included the percent of sites with a probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm and clinical attachment loss ≥ 4 mm. Adjusted logistic regression models were fit to the categorized outcomes. Results: Increased serum IL-10 (Adj. OR: 1.10, p = 0.04), sICAM-1 (Adj. OR: 1.01; p = 0.06), and elevated serum IL-1β (Adj. OR: 1.93; p = 0.06) were statistically significant or close to being significantly associated with a percent of sites with PPD ≥ 4 mm. An increase in GCF IL-1α (Adj. OR: 1.16; p < 0.01) and IL-1β (Adj: 2.40; p = 0.02) was associated with periodontal parameters. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that oral and systemic endothelial and inflammatory mediators are associated with periodontal clinical parameters among Hispanic adults with T2DM.
Development of an Electrochemical Sensor for SARS-CoV-2 Detection Based on Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Rivas-Macho Ane , Eletxigerra Unai , Diez-Ahedo Ruth , Barros Ángela , Merino Santos , Goñi-de-Cerio Felipe , Olabarria Garbiñe
Published: October 2023

The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused more than 6 million deaths all over the world, demonstrating the need for a simple, fast and cost-effective point-of-care (POC) test for the detection of the virus. In this work, we developed an electrochemical sensor for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection on clinical samples based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). With the development of this novel sensor, the time of each measurement is significantly reduced by avoiding the DNA extraction step and replacing it with inactivation of the sample by heating it at 95 °C for 10 min. To make the reaction compatible with the sample pre-treatment, an RNase inhibitor was added directly to the premix. The LAMP product was measured in a novel, easy-to-use manufactured sensor containing a custom-made screen-printed carbon electrode. Electrochemical detection was performed with a portable potentiostat, and methylene blue was used as the redox-transducing molecule. The developed sensor achieved a limit of detection of 62 viral copies and was 100% specific for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The performance of the electrochemical sensor was validated with nasopharyngeal samples, obtaining a sensibility and specificity of 100% compared to the gold standard RT-PCR method.
Functionalized-Graphene Field Effect Transistor-Based Biosensor for Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Detection of β-Galactosidase Produced by Escherichia coli
Authors: Wei Shanhong , Dou Yanzhi , Song Shiping , Li Tie
Published: October 2023

The detection of β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) can quickly analyze the pollution degree of seawater bodies in bathing and fishing grounds to avoid large-scale outbreaks of water pollution. Here, a functionalized biosensor based on graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET) modified with heat-denatured casein was developed for the ultrasensitive and label-free detection of the β-gal produced by E. coli in real water samples. The heat-denatured casein coated on the graphene surface, as a probe linker and blocker, plays an important role in fabricating GEFT biosensor. The GFET biosensor response to the β-gal produced by E. coli has a wide concentration dynamic range spanning nine orders of magnitude, in a concentration range of 1 fg·mL−1–100 ng·mL−1, with a limit of detection (LOD) 0.187 fg·mL−1 (1.61 aM). In addition to its attomole sensitivity, the GFET biosensor selectively recognized the β-gal in the water sample and showed good selectivity. Importantly, the detection process of the β-gal produced by E. coli can be completed by a straightforward one-step specific immune recognition reaction. These results demonstrated the usefulness of the approach, meeting environmental monitoring requirements for future use.
An In Vitro Brain Tumour Model in Organotypic Slice Cultures Displaying Epileptiform Activity
Authors: Chong Harvey K. , Ma Ziang , Wong Kendrew Ka Chuon , Morokoff Andrew , French Chris
Published: October 2023

Brain tumours have significant impacts on patients’ quality of life, and current treatments have limited effectiveness. To improve understanding of tumour development and explore new therapies, researchers rely on experimental models. However, reproducing tumour-associated epilepsy (TAE) in these models has been challenging. Existing models vary from cell lines to in vivo studies, but in vivo models are resource-intensive and often fail to mimic crucial features like seizures. In this study, we developed a technique in which normal rat organotypic brain tissue is implanted with an aggressive brain tumour. This method produces a focal invasive lesion that preserves neural responsiveness and exhibits epileptiform hyperexcitability. It allows for real-time imaging of tumour growth and invasion for up to four weeks and microvolume fluid sampling analysis of different regions, including the tumour, brain parenchyma, and peritumoral areas. The tumour cells expand and infiltrate the organotypic slice, resembling in vivo behaviour. Spontaneous seizure-like events occur in the tumour slice preparation and can be induced with stimulation or high extracellular potassium. Furthermore, we assess extracellular fluid composition in various regions of interest. This technique enables live cell confocal microscopy to record real-time tumour invasion properties, whilst maintaining neural excitability, generating field potentials, and epileptiform discharges, and provides a versatile preparation for the study of major clinical problems of tumour-associated epilepsy.
Complex Effect of Portland Cement Modified with Natural Zeolite and Ground Glass Mixture on Durability Properties of Concrete
Authors: Kriptavičius Dalius , Girskas Giedrius , Ivanauskas Ernestas , Korjakins Aleksandrs
Published: October 2023

This article analyses the combined effect of a mixture of natural zeolite and ground soda lime silicate glass on the durability properties of concrete. The specimens were prepared by replacing 25% of the cement with a mixture of zeolite and glass at different proportions with zeolite particles of two different sizes and cured for 28 and 90 days. Chloride migration, the depth of water penetration under pressure, and freeze–thaw cycle tests were performed, and compressive strength was determined. The combined effect of the mixture on the composition and microstructure of the cement matrix was studied by analysing the results of XRD, TGA, SEM-BSE, and porosity tests. The test results showed that irrespective of the cement “dilution” effect, the mixture of additives had a beneficial combined effect: increased durability of concrete, a denser structure of the cement matrix, the formation of calcium aluminate hydrates, faster rate, and higher degree of hydration.
Managing Disputes for a Sustainable Construction: A Perspective of Settlement Facilitating Elements in Negotiations
Authors: Lin Sen , Li Keyao , Cheung Saion
Published: October 2023

Construction 4.0 presents a multitude of opportunities; however, it also increases the chance of disputes. Efficient dispute management contributes to the sustainable production of construction works. Enhancing negotiation management and negotiators’ settlement ability is valuable, given that negotiation is recognized as the most effective dispute resolution method. This study explores negotiation settlement by identifying negotiators’ settlement facilitating elements in construction dispute negotiation (CDN). A purposive literature review identified six key elements, naming preparation, integration, goodwill, continuity, commitment, and self-efficacy. With data collected from experienced construction dispute negotiators, the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results confirmed the significance of these elements. Accordingly, recommendations for negotiators include (i) technique (i.e., good preparation and applying integrative tactics); (ii) interaction (i.e., showing goodwill and relationship maintenance); and (iii) attitude (i.e., commitment to negotiate and being confident) if the negotiation settlement is desired. Management can implement these recommendations in their training manual to cultivate negotiators’ problem solving and settlement-oriented mindset. Negotiators can also review their behaviors throughout the negotiations and make timely adjustments as deemed necessary. Reaching an amicable negotiated settlement would not only save resources, preserving business relationships is of equal importance for a sustainable construction industry.
Upfront Taxane Could Be Superior to Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD): A Retrospective Real-World Analysis of Treatment Sequence Taxane–PLD versus PLD–Taxane in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Wallrabenstein Till , Oseledchyk Anton , Daetwyler Eveline , Rochlitz Christoph , Vetter Marcus
Published: October 2023

Background: Patients with endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer (MBC) require cytostatic therapy. Single-agent taxanes and anthracyclines, including pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), are standard treatment options. There are no prospective data regarding optimal treatment sequences, and real-world data regarding both treatment options are limited. Methods: We analyzed electronic records of all patients with Her2-negative MBC treated with either first-line PLD or first-line taxane and subsequent crossover at the University Hospital Basel between 2003 and 2021. The primary endpoint was time to next chemotherapy or death (TTNC). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). We used the Kaplan–Meyer method and logrank test to compare time-to-event endpoints and the Fisher exact test to compare discrete variables. Results: We retrospectively identified 42 patients with Her2-negative MBC who have received either single-agent PLD or single-agent taxane as first-line chemotherapy with subsequent crossover, including 23 patients who received first-line PLD and 19 patients who received first-line taxane. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Treatment sequence PLD–taxane was significantly inferior to taxane–PLD regarding all endpoints: median TTNC 4.9 vs. 9.9 months (p = 0.006), median OS 17.8 vs. 24.6 months (p = 0.05), median PFS 4.4 vs. 9.0 months (p = 0.005), and ORR 13% vs. 53% (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Here, we report a first retrospective head-to-head comparison of the treatment sequence PLD–taxane versus taxane–PLD in patients with MBC, showing a substantial advantage of using taxanes first, followed by PLD. An inherent treatment bias in favor of first-line taxanes cannot be excluded, thus calling for prospective validation.
AKT2 Loss Impairs BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Metastasis
Authors: McRee Siobhan K. , Bayer Abraham L. , Pietruska Jodie , Tsichlis Philip N. , Hinds Philip W.
Published: October 2023

Despite recent advances in treatment, melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer due to its highly metastatic nature. Melanomas harboring oncogenic BRAFV600E mutations combined with PTEN loss exhibit unrestrained PI3K/AKT signaling and increased invasiveness. However, the contribution of different AKT isoforms to melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis has not been comprehensively explored, and questions remain about whether individual isoforms play distinct or redundant roles in each step. We investigate the contribution of individual AKT isoforms to melanoma initiation using a novel mouse model of AKT isoform-specific loss in a murine melanoma model, and we investigate tumor progression, maintenance, and metastasis among a panel of human metastatic melanoma cell lines using AKT isoform-specific knockdown studies. We elucidate that AKT2 is dispensable for primary tumor formation but promotes migration and invasion in vitro and metastatic seeding in vivo, whereas AKT1 is uniquely important for melanoma initiation and cell proliferation. We propose a mechanism whereby the inhibition of AKT2 impairs glycolysis and reduces an EMT-related gene expression signature in PTEN-null BRAF-mutant human melanoma cells to limit metastatic spread. Our data suggest that the elucidation of AKT2-specific functions in metastasis might inform therapeutic strategies to improve treatment options for melanoma patients.
Runx3 Restoration Regresses K-Ras-Activated Mouse Lung Cancers and Inhibits Recurrence
Authors: Lee Ja-Yeol , Lee Jung-Won , Park Tae-Geun , Han Sang-Hyun , Yoo Seo-Yeong , Jung Kyoung-Mi , Kim Da-Mi , Lee Ok-Jun , Kim Dohun , Chi Xin-Zi , Kim Eung-Gook , Lee You-Soub , Bae Suk-Chul
Published: October 2023

Oncogenic K-RAS mutations occur in approximately 25% of human lung cancers and are most frequently found in codon 12 (G12C, G12V, and G12D). Mutated K-RAS inhibitors have shown beneficial results in many patients; however, the inhibitors specifically target K-RASG12C and acquired resistance is a common occurrence. Therefore, new treatments targeting all kinds of oncogenic K-RAS mutations with a durable response are needed. RUNX3 acts as a pioneer factor of the restriction (R)-point, which is critical for the life and death of cells. RUNX3 is inactivated in most K-RAS-activated mouse and human lung cancers. Deletion of mouse lung Runx3 induces adenomas (ADs) and facilitates the development of K-Ras-activated adenocarcinomas (ADCs). In this study, conditional restoration of Runx3 in an established K-Ras-activated mouse lung cancer model regressed both ADs and ADCs and suppressed cancer recurrence, markedly increasing mouse survival. Runx3 restoration suppressed K-Ras-activated lung cancer mainly through Arf-p53 pathway-mediated apoptosis and partly through p53-independent inhibition of proliferation. This study provides in vivo evidence supporting RUNX3 as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of K-RAS-activated lung cancers with a durable response.
mTORC1 Signaling in AgRP Neurons Is Not Required to Induce Major Neuroendocrine Adaptations to Food Restriction
Authors: de Souza Gabriel O. , Teixeira Pryscila D. S. , Câmara Niels O. S. , Donato Jose
Published: October 2023

Hypothalamic mTORC1 signaling is involved in nutrient sensing. Neurons that express the agouti-related protein (AgRP) are activated by food restriction and integrate interoceptive and exteroceptive signals to control food intake, energy expenditure, and other metabolic responses. To determine whether mTORC1 signaling in AgRP neurons is necessary for regulating energy and glucose homeostasis, especially in situations of negative energy balance, mice carrying ablation of the Raptor gene exclusively in AgRP-expressing cells were generated. AgRPΔRaptor mice showed no differences in body weight, fat mass, food intake, or energy expenditure; however, a slight improvement in glucose homeostasis was observed compared to the control group. When subjected to 5 days of food restriction (40% basal intake), AgRPΔRaptor female mice lost less lean body mass and showed a blunted reduction in energy expenditure, whereas AgRPΔRaptor male mice maintained a higher energy expenditure compared to control mice during the food restriction and 5 days of refeeding period. AgRPΔRaptor female mice did not exhibit the food restriction-induced increase in serum corticosterone levels. Finally, although hypothalamic fasting- or refeeding-induced Fos expression showed no differences between the groups, AgRPΔRaptor mice displayed increased hyperphagia during refeeding. Thus, some metabolic and neuroendocrine responses to food restriction are disturbed in AgRPΔRaptor mice.
Assessment of Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier: Animal Models and Methods
Authors: Bora Kiran , Kushwah Neetu , Maurya Meenakshi , Pavlovich Madeline C. , Wang Zhongxiao , Chen Jing
Published: October 2023

Proper functioning of the neural retina relies on the unique retinal environment regulated by the blood–retinal barrier (BRB), which restricts the passage of solutes, fluids, and toxic substances. BRB impairment occurs in many retinal vascular diseases and the breakdown of BRB significantly contributes to disease pathology. Understanding the different molecular constituents and signaling pathways involved in BRB development and maintenance is therefore crucial in developing treatment modalities. This review summarizes the major molecular signaling pathways involved in inner BRB (iBRB) formation and maintenance, and representative animal models of eye diseases with retinal vascular leakage. Studies on Wnt/β-catenin signaling are highlighted, which is critical for retinal and brain vascular angiogenesis and barriergenesis. Moreover, multiple in vivo and in vitro methods for the detection and analysis of vascular leakage are described, along with their advantages and limitations. These pre-clinical animal models and methods for assessing iBRB provide valuable experimental tools in delineating the molecular mechanisms of retinal vascular diseases and evaluating therapeutic drugs.
Electrochemiluminescence Detection and Imaging of Biomolecules at the Single-Cell Level
Authors: He Xiaofan , Deng Yufei , Jiang Dechen , Fang Danjun
Published: October 2023

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an electrochemically induced light produced by the excitation of luminophores in redox reactions. For the past twenty years, ECL analysis has been continuously developed and applied for the sensitive detection of biomolecules at the single-cell level due to its low background interference and the resultant high sensitivity. In recent times, ECL-based microscopy has combined the elements of imaging and has thus emerged as a fast-developed imaging tool to visualize biomolecules in single cells. The surface-confined features of ECL imaging provide detailed information about cell membranes that is not easily obtained using classical fluorescence microscopy. In this review, we summarize the recent works on the detection and imaging of biomolecules at the single-cell level using ECL and discuss the development prospects and challenges in the biological application of this technology in the field of cell analysis.
Characteristics of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children: A Croatian Single-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Pivac Ivan , Jelicic Kadic Antonia , Despot Ranka , Zitko Vanda , Tudor Darija , Runjic Edita , Markic Josko
Published: October 2023

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic gastrointestinal disorders often diagnosed in youth, presenting unique features compared to adult-onset cases. We aimed to profile pediatric IBD patients in Croatia through a retrospective analysis of children up to 18 years old diagnosed with IBD at the University Hospital of Split from 1 January 2012, to 31 December 2021, utilizing data collected during hospitalization for diagnosis. Over a decade, 107 children were diagnosed, with 43.9% having UC, 55.1% CD, and 0.9% IBD-unclassified. Median age at diagnosis was 14.1 years, with UC patients being older (14.8 vs. 13.7 years, p = 0.044). Males constituted 60.7% of patients. Median symptom duration was 2.0 months, with CD patients experiencing a longer diagnostic delay (3.0 vs. 2.0 months, p = 0.003). The median incidence rate was 9.89 (95% CI 5.93–13.84) per 100,000 children/year, varying across age groups. Median (IQR) BMI z-score was −0.34 (−0.97–0.45). Common symptoms included diarrhea (60.7%) and abdominal pain (50.5%), with rectal bleeding more prevalent in UC (72.3% vs. 32.2%, p < 0.001). While our study offers valuable insights into pediatric IBD in Croatia, further prospective research is needed to clarify disease progression and development.
Advanced Applications in Pediatric Dentistry: A Worldwide Perspective of the Last 13 Years
Authors: Lo Giudice Antonino
Published: October 2023

The enhancement of the clinical management of growing patients has always been a great challenge for orthodontists and pediatric dentists [...]
Small Intestinal Polyp Burden in Pediatric Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome Assessed through Capsule Endoscopy: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Stewart Jeremy , Fleishman Nathan R. , Staggs Vincent S. , Thomson Mike , Stoecklein Nicole , Lawson Caitlin E. , Washburn Michael P. , Umar Shahid , Attard Thomas M.
Published: October 2023

The management of pediatric Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) focuses on the prevention of intussusception complicating small intestinal (SI) polyposis. This hinges on the accurate appraisal of the polyp burden to tailor therapeutic interventions. Video Capsule Endoscopy (VCE) is an established tool to study SI polyps in children, but an in-depth characterization of polyp burden in this population is lacking. Methods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal cross-sectional analysis of VCE studies in pediatric PJS patients at our institution (CMKC) from 2010 to 2020. Demographic, clinical, and VCE findings reported by three reviewers in tandem were accrued. Polyp burden variables were modeled as functions of patient and study characteristics using linear mixed models adjusted for clustering. Results: The cohort included 15 patients. The total small bowel polyp count and largest polyp size clustered under 30 polyps and <20 mm in size. Luminal occlusion correlated closely with the estimated polyp size. Polyp distribution favored proximal (77%) over distal (66%) small bowel involvement. The adjusted largest polyp size was greater in males. Double Balloon Enteroscopy was associated with a decreased polyp burden. Conclusions: The polyp burden in pediatric PJS patients favors the proximal third of the small intestine, with relatively small numbers and a polyp size amenable to resection through enteroscopy. Male gender and older age were related to an increased polyp burden.
Autumn Surface Wind Trends over California during 1979–2020
Authors: Thompson Callum F. , Jones Charles , Carvalho Leila , Trugman Anna T. , Lucas Donald D. , Seto Daisuke , Varga Kevin
Published: October 2023

Surface winds over California can compound fire risk during autumn, yet their long-term trends in the face of decadal warming are less clear compared to other climate variables like temperature, drought, and snowmelt. To determine where and how surface winds are changing most, this article uses multiple reanalyses and Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS) to calculate autumn 10 m wind speed trends during 1979–2020. Reanalysis trends show statistically significant increases in autumn night-time easterlies on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada. Although downslope windstorms are frequent to this region, trends instead appear to result from elevated gradients in warming between California and the interior continent. The result is a sharper horizontal temperature gradient over the Sierra crest and adjacent free atmosphere above the foothills, strengthening the climatological nocturnal katabatic wind. While RAWS records show broad agreement, their trend is likely influenced by year-to-year changes in the number of observations.
A Versatile Unitary Transformation Framework for an Optimal Bath Construction in Density-Matrix Based Quantum Embedding Approaches
Authors: Marécat Quentin , Saubanère Matthieu
Published: October 2023

The performance of embedding methods is directly tied to the quality of the bath orbital construction. In this paper, we develop a versatile framework, enabling the investigation of the optimal construction of the orbitals of the bath. As of today, in state-of-the-art embedding methods, the orbitals of the bath are constructed by performing a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) on the impurity-environment part of the one-body reduced density matrix, as originally presented in Density Matrix Embedding Theory. Recently, the equivalence between the SVD protocol and the use of unitary transformation, the so-called Block-Householder transformation, has been established. We present a generalization of the Block-Householder transformation by introducing additional flexible parameters. The additional parameters are optimized such that the bath-orbitals fulfill physically motivated constraints. The efficiency of the approach is discussed and exemplified in the context of the half-filled Hubbard model in one-dimension.
Enhancing Skin Anti-Aging through Healthy Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Knaggs Helen , Lephart Edwin D.
Published: October 2023

Lifestyle health has been recognized as an evidence-based innovation that defines how everyday behaviors and routines influence the avoidance and therapy of illness and provides an important adjunctive component to overall health. Specifically, an approach with small changes over time can have a dramatic impact on the health and well-being of individuals not only, in general, but also can be applied to skin health. However, lifestyle health factors to improve skin well-being have not been discussed extensively and/or well promulgated. The narrative for this overview focuses on providing a summary for topic background information, but more importantly, presents four lifestyle factors that can improve dermal health [i.e., factor 1: nutrition—diet; factor 2: rest (sleep); factor 3: movement/physical exercise, and factor 4: social and community associations]. This was accomplished by identifying preceding journal reports/reviews covering especially the last five years (January 2018 to July 2023; 164 out of 205 references cited or 80%) using scientific search databases. The main conclusions of this overview encourage the concept that lifestyle health factors such as nutrition/diet, rest/sleep, movement/physical exercise, and community/social interactions support enhanced skin health and well-being with aging. Plus, social media interventions that aim to promote dietary, sleep and physical activity changes might be an application to improve skin health in the future.
Semiquantitative X-ray Powder Diffraction Analysis in Counterfeit Medicines Investigation—The Viagra Example
Authors: Budzianowski Armand , Pioruńska-Sędłak Karolina , Popławska Magdalena , Maurin Jan K. , Błażewicz Agata
Published: October 2023

Have you ever looked at a powder diffractogram during a routine qualitative test and wondered how much of a particular powder compound is in the powder material? Several methods can work this out, but none of them could be used in our case because something was missing from each in performing a rapid quantity test for an active ingredient in a tablet. A semiquantitative method of an X-ray powder diffraction analysis of products containing sildenafil citrate is proposed. This method utilizes calibration curves for the most common compositions encountered in falsified and not-registered Viagra analogues. Sildenafil doses are established for singularly prepared powder probes of a medicinal product, and two runs of data collection are used: the first, the fast one, for the qualitative analysis of the product, and the second for selected 2θ regions for the API and identified excipients. An example of a product composed mainly of sildenafil citrate, gypsum and microcrystalline cellulose is discussed in detail. The data obtained from X-ray experiments were compared with the results obtained from validated liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and mass spectrometry methods.
Robotic versus Open Surgery in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Evaluation of Surgical and Oncological Outcomes
Authors: Zirafa Carmelina C. , Romano Gaetano , Sicolo Elisa , Bagalà Elena , Manfredini Beatrice , Alì Greta , Castaldi Andrea , Morganti Riccardo , Davini Federico , Fontanini Gabriella , Melfi Franca
Published: October 2023

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) consists of a heterogeneous group, with different pulmonary extension and lymph nodal involvement. Robotic surgery can play a key role in these tumours thanks to its technological features, although open surgery is still considered the gold-standard approach. Our study aims to evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of locally advanced NSCLC patients who underwent robotic surgery in a high-volume centre. Data from consecutive patients with locally advanced NSCLC who underwent robotic lobectomy were retrospectively analysed and compared with patients treated with open surgery. Clinical characteristics and surgical and oncological information were evaluated. From 2010 to 2020, 131 patients underwent anatomical lung resection for locally advanced NSCLC. A total of 61 patients were treated with robotic surgery (46.6%); the median hospitalization time was 5.9 days (range 2–27) and the postoperative complication rate was 18%. Open surgery was performed in 70 patients (53.4%); the median length of stay was 9 days (range 4–48) and the postoperative complication rate was 22.9%. The median follow-up time was 70 months. The 5-year overall survival was 34% in the robotic group and 31% in the thoracotomy group. Robotic surgery can be considered safe and feasible not only for early stages but also for the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC.
Prediction of the Sleep Apnea Severity Using 2D-Convolutional Neural Networks and Respiratory Effort Signals
Authors: Barroso-García Verónica , Fernández-Poyatos Marta , Sahelices Benjamín , Álvarez Daniel , Gozal David , Hornero Roberto , Gutiérrez-Tobal Gonzalo C.
Published: October 2023

The high prevalence of sleep apnea and the limitations of polysomnography have prompted the investigation of strategies aimed at automated diagnosis using a restricted number of physiological measures. This study aimed to demonstrate that thoracic (THO) and abdominal (ABD) movement signals are useful for accurately estimating the severity of sleep apnea, even if central respiratory events are present. Thus, we developed 2D-convolutional neural networks (CNNs) jointly using THO and ABD to automatically estimate sleep apnea severity and evaluate the central event contribution. Our proposal achieved an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.75 and a root mean square error (RMSE) = 10.33 events/h when estimating the apnea-hypopnea index, and ICC = 0.83 and RMSE = 0.95 events/h when estimating the central apnea index. The CNN obtained accuracies of 94.98%, 79.82%, and 81.60% for 5, 15, and 30 events/h when evaluating the complete apnea hypopnea index. The model improved when the nature of the events was central: 98.72% and 99.74% accuracy for 5 and 15 events/h. Hence, the information extracted from these signals using CNNs could be a powerful tool to diagnose sleep apnea, especially in subjects with a high density of central apnea events.
Enhanced Computed Tomography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Uncommon Histiocytic Sarcoma of Small Intestine Arising after Gastric Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Cheon Miju , Yoo Jang , Kim Hae Su , Lee Miji
Published: October 2023

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an extremely rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm of hematopoietic origin that shows morphologic and immunophenotypic evidence of histiocytic differentiation. In approximately 25% of the cases, presumed transdifferentiation of a preexisting hematolymphoid disorder can be demonstrated. Various extranodal sites, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, soft tissue, skin, and spleen, can be involved. Enhanced CT and FDG PET/CT findings of extranodal histiocytic sarcoma have been barely reported. We present a case with extranodal HS originating in the small intestine after gastric large B-cell lymphoma, mistaken for prostate cancer metastasis in a 76-year-old man.
Effect of Moderate Exercise on the Superficial Zone of Articular Cartilage in Age-Related Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yin Yukun , Zhang Yuanyu , Guo Li , Li Pengcui , Wang Dongming , Huang Lingan , Zhao Xiaoqin , Wu Gaige , Li Lu , Wei Xiaochun
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on the superficial zone of the osteoarticular cartilage during osteoarthritis progression. Three-month-old, nine-month-old, and eighteen-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, moderate exercise and no exercise, for 10 weeks. Histological staining, immunostaining, and nanoindentation measurements were conducted to detect changes in the superficial zone. X-ray and micro-CT were quantitated to detect alterations in the microarchitecture of the tibial subchondral bone. Cells were extracted from the superficial zone of the cartilage under fluid-flow shear stress conditions to further verify changes in vitro. The number of cells and proteoglycan content in the superficial zone increased more in the exercise group than in the control group. Exercise can change the content and distribution of collagen types I and III in the superficial layer. In addition, TGFβ/pSmad2/3 and Prg4 expression levels increased under the intervention of exercise on the superficial zone. Exercise can improve the Young’s modulus of the cartilage and reduce the abnormal subchondral bone remodeling which occurs after superficial zone changes. Moderate exercise delays the degeneration of the articular cartilage by its effect on the superficial zone, and the TGFβ/pSmad2/3 signaling pathways and Prg4 play an important role.
Reply to Rourk, C. Comment on “Albantakis et al. Computing the Integrated Information of a Quantum Mechanism. Entropy 2023, 25, 449”
Authors: Albantakis Larissa , Prentner Robert , Durham Ian
Published: October 2023

In response to a comment by Chris Rourk on our article Computing the Integrated Information of a Quantum Mechanism, we briefly (1) consider the role of potential hybrid/classical mechanisms from the perspective of integrated information theory (IIT), (2) discuss whether the (Q)IIT formalism needs to be extended to capture the hypothesized hybrid mechanism, and (3) clarify our motivation for developing a QIIT formalism and its scope of applicability.
Dirichlet Process Log Skew-Normal Mixture with a Missing-at-Random-Covariate in Insurance Claim Analysis
Authors: Kim Minkun , Lindberg David , Crane Martin , Bezbradica Marija
Published: October 2023

In actuarial practice, the modeling of total losses tied to a certain policy is a nontrivial task due to complex distributional features. In the recent literature, the application of the Dirichlet process mixture for insurance loss has been proposed to eliminate the risk of model misspecification biases. However, the effect of covariates as well as missing covariates in the modeling framework is rarely studied. In this article, we propose novel connections among a covariate-dependent Dirichlet process mixture, log-normal convolution, and missing covariate imputation. As a generative approach, our framework models the joint of outcome and covariates, which allows us to impute missing covariates under the assumption of missingness at random. The performance is assessed by applying our model to several insurance datasets of varying size and data missingness from the literature, and the empirical results demonstrate the benefit of our model compared with the existing actuarial models, such as the Tweedie-based generalized linear model, generalized additive model, or multivariate adaptive regression spline.
Generations of the Community Perspective in Today’s Inclusive Education
Authors: García-García Mayka , Cotrina-García Manuel
Published: October 2023

This paper presents an analysis of the emergence and development of the so-called community perspective of inclusive education. Our work aims to provide a conceptual framework where this community perspective is conceptualized, and the traits that characterize it from the viewpoint of researchers and academics that specialize in the subject are identified. To this end, a qualitative documentary review of an interpretative nature has been conducted through a systematic review of the relevant international literature from the last 40 years. This process has enabled us to demonstrate the existence of different generations within this community perspective. In this sense, the first generation that has been identified is supported by the organizational perspective of inclusive education, while the second generation is strongly influenced by what is nowadays known as inclusive research, which incorporates the ethics of inclusion, the voices of those involved and participation as identity hallmarks. While there is an evolution in the perspectives themselves, it is also concluded that they converge towards a common trunk that is defined by the collaboration, support and role played by the community in the articulation of inclusive cultures, policies and practices.
BCAFL: A Blockchain-Based Framework for Asynchronous Federated Learning Protection
Authors: Yun Jian , Lu Yusheng , Liu Xinyu
Published: October 2023

The existing asynchronous federated learning methods have effectively addressed the issue of low training efficiency in synchronous methods. However, due to the centralized trust model constraints, they often need to pay more attention to the incentives for participating parties. Additionally, handling low-quality model providers is relatively uniform, leading to poor distributed training results. This paper introduces a blockchain-based asynchronous federated learning protection framework (BCAFL). It introduces model validation and incentive mechanisms to encourage party contributions. Moreover, BCAFL tailors matching contribution cumulative strategies for participants in different states to optimally utilize their resource advantages. In order to address the challenge of malicious party poisoning attacks, a multi-party verification dynamic aggregation factor and filter mechanism are introduced to enhance the global model’s reliability. Through simulation verification, it is proven that BCAFL ensures the reliability and efficiency of asynchronous collaborative learning and enhances the model’s attack resistance capabilities. With training on the MNIST handwritten dataset, BCAFL achieved an accuracy of approximately 90% in 20 rounds. Compared to the existing advanced methods, BCAFL reduces the accuracy loss by 20% when subjected to data poisoning attacks.
Speed Estimation Strategy for Closed-Loop Control of PMSM Based on PSO Optimized KF Series Algorithms
Authors: Xie Tunzhen , Xu Xianglian , Yuan Fang , Song Yuanqing , Lei Wenyang , Zhao Ruiqing , Chang Yating , Wu Xinrui , Gan Ziqi , Zhang Fangqing
Published: October 2023

In this paper, solving the problem of the noise covariance matrix parameters tuning of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter algorithms (UKF) is difficult. A speed estimation strategy for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) optimized Kalman filter (KF) series algorithms is proposed. By using MATLAB/Simulink, in this paper, 20 effective simulation experiments on the noise covariance matrix parameter optimization process are conducted to obtain the optimal covariance matrix parameters of the extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter. Moreover, EKF, PSO-EKF, UKF, and PSO-UKF are also compared to verify the effectiveness of the particle swarm optimization algorithm in optimizing the systems using the extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter. For the error of speed estimation, taking 4000 rpm as a reference, the system using PSO-EKF has improved by 2.125% compared to that using EKF, and the system applying PSO-UKF has improved by 0.55% compared to the system applying UKF. For the error of electrical angle estimation, taking the system errors of original algorithms as references, the system adopting PSO-EKF has decreased by 60% compared to that adopting EKF, and the system using PSO-UKF has decreased by 47% compared to the system using UKF.
A 62 ppm MDR Deviation and Sub-250 ns MTIE Railway Balise
Authors: Li Zheng , Shan Qiang , Wei Zihui , Lin Ziming , Wu Fangda , Xiao Jinjin , Huang Shuilong , Liu Yu
Published: October 2023

A balise is a specialized device utilized for train communication and control. However, existing balises are composed of separate components, resulting in high production costs, low integration, and significant room for improvement in stability. We propose an integrated solution, to enhance the integration of balises, reducing the number of discrete components. Additionally, we propose a feedback-enabled energy extraction circuit with a limiter-based startup circuit, to enhance the stability of the balise system. The prototype was fabricated using 180 nm high voltage(HV) complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) technology. Once implemented in the balise, the number of discrete components in the system is reduced by 25%, and the system can start up within 20 ms and operate stably. The mean data rate (MDR) deviation of the balise is only 62 ppm, which is 69% lower than that specified in the test specification for the Eurobalise form–fit–function interface specification (FFFIS), and the maximum time interval error (MTIE) is less than 250 ns.
Design and Thermo-Economic Analysis of an Integrated Solar Field Micro Gas Turbine Biomass Gasifier and Organic Rankine Cycle System
Authors: De Robbio Roberta , Cameretti Maria Cristina , Agizza Salvatore
Published: October 2023

A micro gas turbine (MGT) is an advanced technology with a simple structure and fast load response. It represents a good choice for the next generation of distributed power systems, where fossil fuels are going to be largely replaced by biofuels and renewable sources. In this context, this work aims to investigate and compare the performance of gradually more complex energy systems integrating a micro gas turbine plant: simple cogenerating asset, integrating a solar field, presence of a gasifier, and the addition of a bottoming ORC. In all cases, a thermo-economic analysis has been carried out for an application in the agricultural sector. Agricultural waste can be used to create a syngas as fuel for MGT through a gasifier, promoting the utilization of carbon-neutral alternative fuels to reduce harmful emissions. The authors considered the electrical and thermal needs of a hypothetical agri-food company to build the electrical and thermal load curves. The new and more complex cogeneration plant, designed by using the Thermoflex 30 software, leads to an increase in electrical power, recovered thermal power, overall electrical efficiency, carbon neutrality, and cogeneration indexes. In particular, the presence of the solar field promotes a reduction in fuel consumption as well as greater heat input to the thermal unit. The addition of a bottoming ORC system increases the electrical power by 36.4%, without significantly penalizing the thermal unit. Moreover, thanks to the gasifier that offsets the fuel reduction costs, through an economic analysis of the entire plant, a payback time of the investment of less than 4 years is obtained.
Establishment and Application of a Pattern for Identifying Sedimentary Microfacies of a Single Horizontal Well: An Example from the Eastern Transition Block in the Daqing Oilfield, Songliao Basin, China
Authors: Fan Guangjuan , Dong Ting , Zhao Yuejun , Zhou Yalou , Zhao Wentong , Wang Jie , Wang Yilong
Published: October 2023

The study of sedimentary microfacies of horizontal wells is important for improving oil recovery using horizontal well technology. Vertical well data alone do not provide accurate enough information to determine the sedimentary microfacies of horizontal wells. Therefore, a comprehensive method combining the data of both horizontal and vertical wells was established to identify sedimentary microfacies of horizontal wells and applied to a single horizontal well in the Daqing oilfield in China’s Songliao Basin. The results identified the study area as a delta sedimentary environment, mainly subdivided into four microfacies types: a distributary channel, the main overbank sand, the overbank sand, and an interdistributary bay. The criteria for identifying each sedimentary microfacies were established. Among them, the criteria for identifying distributary channels include a natural gamma value continuously less than 90 API; a resistivity value continuously greater than 11 Ω·m; a logging curve, which is typically bell-shaped or box-shaped with very high amplitude and amplitude difference; a mainly siltstone lithology; and a total hydrocarbon content (Tg) continuously greater than 3%. The variations in the two types of channel boundaries (narrowing of the channel boundary and reverse extension of the bifurcated channel boundary) were corrected. The research results can provide guidance for the efficient development of favorable reservoirs in oilfields using horizontal well technology.