bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Prediction of Natural Convection Flow in the Presence of Weak Magnetic Prandtl Number and Strong Magnetic Field with Algebraic Decay in Mainstream Velocity
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad , Iqbal Iram , Masud M. , Sultana Nazara
Published: January 2017

In present work, we investigate numerical simulation of steady natural convection flow in the presence of weak magnetic Prandtl number and strong magnetic field by involving algebraic decay in mainstream velocity. Before passing to the numerical simulation, we formulate the set of boundary layer equations with the inclusion of the effects of algebraic decay velocity, aligned magnetic field and buoyant body force in the momentum equation. Later, finite difference method with primitive variable formulation is employed in the physical domain to compute the numerical solutions of the flow field. Graphical results for the velocity, temperature and transverse component of magnetic field as well as surface friction, rate of heat transfer and current density are presented and discussed. It is pertinent to mention that the simulation is performed for different values of algebraic decay parameter α, Prandtl number Pr, magnetic Prandtl number Pm and magnetic force parameter S.
Analytical Model: Characteristics of Nanosecond Pulsed Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuator in Multiple-Pulsed Mode
Authors: Li Zheng , Shi Zhiwei , Du Hai
Published: January 2017

Multi-field coupling simulation method based on the physical principles is used to simulate the discharge characteristics of nanosecond pulsed plasma synthetic jet actuator. Considering the effect of the energy transferring for air, the flow characteristics of nanosecond pulsed plasma synthetic jet actuator are simulated. The elastic heating sources and ion joule heating sources are the two main sources of energy. Through the collisions, the energy of ions is transferred to the neutral gas quickly. The flow characteristics of a series of blast waves and the synthetic jet which erupt from the plasma synthetic jet (PSJ) actuator are simulated. The blast wave not only promotes outward, but also accelerates the gas mixing the inhaled gas from the outside cavity with the residual gas inside the cavity. The performances of PSJ actuator fluctuate in the first three incentive cycles and become stable after that.
Thermoelastic Interaction in an Infinite Long Hollow Cylinder with Fractional Heat Conduction Equation
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed. E.
Published: January 2017

In this work, we introduce a mathematical model for the theory of generalized thermoelasticity with fractional heat conduction equation. The presented model will be applied to an infinitely long hollow cylinder whose inner surface is traction free and subjected to a thermal and mechanical shocks, while the external surface is traction free and subjected to a constant heat flux. Some theories of thermoelasticity can extracted as limited cases from our model. Laplace transform methods are utilized to solve the problem and the inverse of the Laplace transform is done numerically using the Fourier expansion techniques. The results for the temperature, the thermal stresses and the displacement components are illustrated graphically for various values of fractional order parameter. Moreover, some particular cases of interest have also been discussed.
Monitoring shipping emissions in the German Bight using MAX-DOAS measurements
Authors: Seyler André , Wittrock Folkard , Kattner Lisa , Mathieu-Üffing Barbara , Peters Enno , Richter Andreas , Schmolke Stefan , Burrows John P.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A three-year time series of ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements of NO2 and SO2 on the island Neuwerk has been analyzed for contributions from shipping emissions. The island is located in the German Bight, close to the main shipping lane into the river Elbe towards the harbor of Hamburg. Measurements of individual ship plumes as well as of background pollution are possible from this location, which is a few kilometers from the shipping lane. A simple approach using the column amounts of the oxygen molecule dimer or collision complex, O4, for the determination of the horizontal light path length has been applied to retrieve path-averaged volume mixing ratios. An excellent agreement between mixing ratios retrieved from NO2 retrievals in the UV and visible parts of the spectrum has been found, showing the validity of the approach. Obtained mixing ratios of NO2 and SO2 are compared to co-located in-situ measurements showing good correlation on average with good agreement for well-mixed background pollution but systematic underestimation of plume concentrations by the MAX-DOAS O4 approach. Comparing data before and after the introduction of stricter fuel sulfur content limits (from 1 % to 0.1 %) on 1 January 2015 in the North Sea emission control area (ECA), a signifcant reduction in SO2 levels has been observed. For situations with wind from the open North Sea, where ships are the only local source of air pollution, the average mixing ratio of SO2 decreased by a factor of eight, while for NO2 in the whole time series from 2013 till 2016 no signifcant change in emissions has been observed. More than 2000 individual ship emission plumes have been identifed in the data and analyzed for the emission ratio of SO2 to NO2, yielding an average ratio of 0.3 for the years 2013/2014, decreasing signifcantly presumably due to lower fuel sulfur content in 2015/2016. By sorting measurements according to the prevailing wind direction and selecting two angular reference sectors representative for wind from open North Sea and coast excluding data with mixed air mass origin, relative contributions of ships and land-based sources to air pollution levels in the German Bight have been estimated to be around 40 % : 60% for NO2 as well as SO2 in 2013/2014, dropping to 14 % : 86 % for SO2 in 2015/2016.
Estimation of atmospheric particle formation rates through an analytical formula: Validation and application in Hyytiälä and Puijo, Finland
Authors: Baranizadeh Elham , Nieminen Tuomo , Yli-Juuti Taina , Kulmala Markku , Petäjä Tuukka , Leskinen Ari , Komppula Mika , Laaksonen Ari , Lehtinen Kari E. J.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The formation rates of 3-nm particles were estimated at SMEAR IV, Puijo (Finland) where the continuous measurements extend only down to 7 nm in diameter. We extrapolated the formation rates at 7 nm (J7) down to 3 nm (J3) based on an approximate solution to the aerosol general dynamic equation, assuming a constant condensational growth rate, a power-law size dependent scavenging rate and negligible self-coagulation rate for the nucleation mode particles. To evaluate our method, we first applied it to new-particle formation (NPF) events in Hyytiälä (Finland), which extend down to 3 nm, and, therefore, J3 and J7 can be determined directly from the measured size distribution evolution. The Hyytiälä results show that the estimated daily mean J3 slightly overestimate the observed mean J3, but a promising 84 % of the estimated J3 are within a factor of 2 from the measured ones. However, when considering detailed daily time evolution, the agreement is typically poor presumably due to uncertainties in estimated growth rates which are required in order to calculate the time-lag between formation of 3-nm and 7-nm particles. At Puijo, the mean and median J7 for clear NPF days during April 2007–December 2015 were 0.23 and 0.07 cm−3 s−1, respectively, while the extrapolated mean and median J3 were 0.47 and 0.13 cm−3 s−1, respectively.
Ground-ice stable isotopes and cryostratigraphy reflect late Quaternary palaeoclimate in the Northeast Siberian Arctic (Oyogos Yar coast, Dmitry Laptev Strait)
Authors: Opel Thomas , Wetterich Sebastian , Meyer Hanno , Dereviagin Alexander Yu. , Fuchs Margret C. , Schirrmeister Lutz
Published: January 2017

Abstract. To reconstruct palaeoclimate and palaeonvironmental conditions in the Northeast Siberian Arctic, we studied late Quaternary permafrost deposits at the Oyogos Yar coast (Dmitry Laptev Strait). New infrared stimulated luminescence ages for distinctive floodplain deposits of the Kuchchugui Suite (112.5 ± 9.6 kyr) and thermokarst lake deposits of the Krest Yuryakh Suite (102.4 ± 9.7 kyr), respectively, provide new substantial geochronological data and shed light on the landscape history of the Dmitry Laptev Strait region during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. Ground ice stable-isotope data are presented together with cryolithological information for eight cryostratigraphic units and are complemented by data from nearby Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island. Our combined record of ice-wedge stable isotopes as proxy for past winter climate conditions covers the last about 200 thousand years and is supplemented by texture-ice stable isotopes which contain annual climate conditions overprinted by freezing processes. Our ice wedge stable-water isotope data indicate substantial variations in Northeast Siberian Arctic winter climate conditions during the late Quaternary, in particular between Glacial and Interglacial but also over the last millennia to decades. Stable isotope values of Ice Complex ice wedges indicate cold to very cold winter temperatures about 200 kyr ago (MIS7), very cold winter conditions about 100 kyr ago (MIS5), very cold to moderate winter conditions between about 60 and 30 kyr ago, and extremely cold winter temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum (MIS2). Much warmer winter conditions are reflected by extensive thermokarst development during the MIS5c and by Holocene ice-wedge stable-isotopes. Modern ice-wedge stable isotopes are most enriched and testify the recent winter warming in the Arctic. Hence, ice-wedge based reconstructions of changes in winter climate conditions add substantial information to those derived from paleoecological proxies stored in permafrost and allow for distinguishing between seasonal trends of past climate dynamics. Future progress in ice-wedge dating and an improved temporal resolution of ice-wedge derived climate information may help to fully explore the palaeoclimatic potential of ice wedges.
Calibrating a global three-dimensional biogeochemical ocean model (MOPS-1.0)
Authors: Kriest Iris , Sauerland Volkmar , Khatiwala Samar , Srivastav Anand , Oschlies Andreas
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Global biogeochemical ocean models contain a variety of different biogeochemical components and often much simplified representations of complex dynamical interactions, which are described by many ( ≈ 10 to  ≈ 100) parameters. The values of many of these parameters are empirically difficult to constrain, due to the fact that in the models they represent processes for a range of different groups of organisms at the same time, while even for single species parameter values are often difficult to determine in situ. Therefore, these models are subject to a high level of parametric uncertainty. This may be of consequence for their skill with respect to accurately describing the relevant features of the present ocean, as well as their sensitivity to possible environmental changes. We here present a framework for the calibration of global biogeochemical ocean models on short and long timescales. The framework combines an offline approach for transport of biogeochemical tracers with an estimation of distribution algorithm (Covariance Matrix Adaption Evolution Strategy, CMA-ES). We explore the performance and capability of this framework by five different optimizations of six biogeochemical parameters of a global biogeochemical model, simulated over 3000 years. First, a twin experiment explores the feasibility of this approach. Four optimizations against a climatology of observations of annual mean dissolved nutrients and oxygen determine the extent to which different setups of the optimization influence model fit and parameter estimates. Because the misfit function applied focuses on the large-scale distribution of inorganic biogeochemical tracers, parameters that act on large spatial and temporal scales are determined earliest, and with the least spread. Parameters more closely tied to surface biology, which act on shorter timescales, are more difficult to determine. In particular, the search for optimum zooplankton parameters can benefit from a sound knowledge of maximum and minimum parameter values, leading to a more efficient optimization. It is encouraging that, although the misfit function does not contain any direct information about biogeochemical turnover, the optimized models nevertheless provide a better fit to observed global biogeochemical fluxes.
Effectiveness of distributed temperature measurements for early detection of piping in river embankments
Authors: Bersan Silvia , Koelewijn André R. , Simonini Paolo
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Internal erosion is the cause of a significant percentage of failure and incidents involving both dams and river embankments in many countries. In the past 20 years the use of fibre-optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) in dams has proved to be an effective tool for detection of leakages and internal erosion. This work investigates the effectiveness of DTS for dike monitoring, focusing on early detection of backward erosion piping, a mechanism that affects the foundation layer of structures resting on permeable, sandy soils. The paper presents data from a piping test performed on a large-scale experimental dike equipped with a DTS system together with a large number of accompanying sensors. The effect of seepage and piping on the temperature field is analysed, eventually identifying the processes that cause the onset of thermal anomalies around piping channels and thus enable their early detection. Making use of dimensional analysis, the factors that influence that thermal response of a dike foundation are identified. Eventually some tools are provided that can be helpful for the design of monitoring systems and for interpretation of temperature data.
The European mountain cryosphere: A review of past, current and future issues
Authors: Beniston Martin , Farinotti Daniel , Stoffel Markus , Andreassen Liss M. , Coppola Erika , Eckert Nicolas , Fantini Adriano , Giacona Florie , Hauck Christian , Huss Matthias , Huwald Hendrik , Lehning Michael , López-Moreno Juan-Ignacio , Magnusson Jan , Marty Christoph , Moran-Tejéda Enrique , Morin Samuel , Naaim Mohammed , Provenzale Antonello , Rabatel Antoine , Six Delphine , Stötter Johann , Strasser Ulrich , Terzago Silvia , Vincent Christian
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The mountain cryosphere is recognized to have important impacts on a range of environmental processes. This paper reviews current knowledge on snow, glacier, and permafrost processes, as well as their past, current and future evolution in mountain regions in mainland Europe. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the current state of cryosphere research in Europe and point to the different domains requiring further research to improve our understanding of climate–cryosphere interactions, cryosphere controls on physical and biological mountain systems, as well as related impacts. We highlight advances in the modeling of the cryosphere, and identify inherent uncertainties in our capability of projecting changes in the context of a warming global climate.
Difficulties Francophone Learners go through in Ghana: The Case of Ghana Technology University College
Authors: Tabiri Michael Owusu , Budu Gifty
Published: January 2017

This research investigates difficulties that Francophone learners encounter in Anglophone countries.Francophone learners who pursue further studies in Anglophone countries could face academic, social, economic, religious and political difficulties due to their literary incompetence in English language (L3). Through the method of investigation and answering of questionnaires by learners, it was uncovered and affirmed that the main difficulties Francophone learners encounter in Anglophone countries were academic, social, religious, and political. It was revealed that the learning difficulties of Francophone students transcend the academic setting. Thus in the church, entertainment grounds, market and other places they visit and interact, they face difficulties.The participants of this research comprised thirty (30) level 400 Francophone students at the Ghana Technology University College, Accra.Finally, the work stresses that, finding a solution to academic difficulties could be a stepping stone to solving all other difficulties learners encounter. Thus, in finding a lasting solution to Francophone learners’ difficulties, the fulcrum must be seeking solution to academic difficulties.
The Corporate Response to Government Attacks on Tax Shelters
Authors: Brock Noel P. , Schnee Edward J. , Stinson Shane R.
Published: January 2017

We examine the effectiveness of four federal government actions, all of which were designed to curb the proliferation of corporate tax shelters dating back to the 1990s, at eliciting measurable changes in characteristics commonly associated with tax shelter firms. Our results suggest that the government’s initial attacks on corporate tax shelters in the early 2000s elicited significant declines in book-tax differences, discretionary accruals, and the use of Big N audit firms, which contributed to gradual reductions in the estimated likelihood of tax sheltering for both multinational and purely domestic firms. Conversely, later attempts to discourage corporate tax shelters proved ineffective, likely due in part to the effectiveness of previous government attacks and a faltering economy. This study addresses calls from prior literature for a better understanding of factors determining corporate tax avoidance and offers new evidence of multi-faceted taxpayer reactions to corporate tax reform.
Influence of Temperature and Humidity on the Physiological Indices of Stress in the Obudu Mountain Landscape Environment, Nigeria
Authors: Ojobo Henry , Wakawa Bukar Usman , Umar Aminu
Published: January 2017

Stress can be viewed in terms of the contribution of urbanization, lifestyle changes and the ameliorating potential of nature related environments. This study explored the influence of temperature and humidity of the mountain landscape environment on the physiological indices of individuals. 38 respondents formed a single within-group study sample. Measures of Physiological indices including blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate as well as ambient environment conditions were carried out both at the urban and mountain landscape environments. Findings imply that temperature and humidity are aspects of the mountain landscape environment conditions that combine to influence human physiological wellbeing. Therefore, Individuals confronted with many sources of stress from daily engagements in urban environments can obtain short term relief in the mountain landscape environment.
Evaluating the Effect of Solution-Focused Group Counseling on Improving Quality of Marital Relationships in Childless Couples
Authors: Dorche Khadijeh Panahi , Kimiaei Seyed Ali , Ghahramanzadeh Melika
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the effect of solution-focused counseling on improving the quality of marital relationships on childless couples. This study is a quasi-experimental using pre-test, post-test with a waiting list control group. Sample population of this study was visiting in a Welfare and Education center in city of Eafahan. Fourteen couples were selected randomly through stratified random sampling method and were equally assigned to experimental and waiting list control groups. They completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). The results showed that solution-focused counseling not only significantly increases the quality of marital relationship but also improve dyadic consensus, affective expression, dyadic cohesion and marital satisfaction.
Some New Results on Super Heronian Mean
Authors: Sandhya Labelling S. S. , Merly E. Ebin Raja , Jemi G. D.
Published: January 2017

Here we discuss on Some new results on Super Heronian Mean Labelling of graphs. For the present investigation on Qn ⨀ K1,D(Qn) ⨀ K1,Middle graph, Total graph, Ln ⨀ K1.We discuss briefly about the summary and the other valid information with appropriate graphs and definitions.
Report of the Working Group on Habitat Use of Tursiops truncatus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Laporta Paula , Martins Cristiane C.A. , Lodi Liliane , Domit Camila , Vermeulen Els , Di Tullio Juliana C.
Published: January 2017

The review compiles available information about the habitat use patterns of bottlenose dolphins within the SWAO, including temporal analysis of survey effort allocation, and spatial analysis indicating areas of resident or seasonally resident populations.
First estimate of common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) abundance off Uruguayan Atlantic coast
Authors: Laporta Paula , Fruet Pedro , Secchi Eduardo
Published: January 2017

The common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus is often observed throughout the oceanic coast of Uruguay. Historically, its distribution was wider, including the estuary of the Río de la Plata, but currently its occurrence seems to be restricted mainly to the Uruguayan Atlantic coast (Rocha Department). Conflicting interests and tradeoffs between conservation and development are being generated in Uruguay. On one hand, the establishment of protected areas, responsible tourism and sustainable fisheries are promoted, while on the other hand, foreign exploitation of natural resources and development of mega-infrastructure in coastal zone are facilitated. In this work, we provide the first estimate of bottlenose dolphin’s abundance along the Uruguayan Atlantic coast. These results can be used as baseline information for monitoring population trends and guiding conservation actions for bottlenose dolphins in Uruguay. Mark-recapture models were applied to data of photoidentified animals with long-lasting natural marks. Total population size estimates of 63 individuals (95% CI = 54–74) and 61 (95% CI = 53–73) were obtained from closed and open population models, respectively. Although the estimates are within the range of values obtained for other coastal bottlenose dolphin populations in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, as well as other regions of the world, it is lower than the values reported for populations inhabiting open habitats. This small population is probably vulnerable to non-natural removals, environmental and demographic stochasticity. Therefore, precautionary actions are recommended given the planned development for this coastal region.
Reports of strandings and sightings of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in northeastern Brazil and Brazilian oceanic islands
Authors: Meirelles Ana Carolina Oliveira , Campos Thaís M. , Marcondes Milton C.C. , Groch Kátia R. , Souto Luciano R.A. , Dos Reis Maria do Socorro S. , Normande Iran C. , Luna Fábia de Oliveira , Nascimento Lidio F. , Silva Flávio J.L. , Vergara-Parente Jociery E. , Borges João Carlos Gomes , Jesus Adolfo Hubner , Attademo Fernanda L. Niemeyer , Da Silva Jr. José Martins
Published: January 2017

This study revises and updates information on bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatusstrandings and sightings in northeastern Brazil. A total of 72 strandings were recorded from 1992 to 2010, and 51 sightings were recorded from 1988 to 2010 along the states from Ceará to Bahia, including Fernando de Noronha and São Pedro and São Paulo archipelagos, Rocas Atoll and Abrolhos Bank. Most strandings were recorded in the states of Pernambuco, Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte. The number of reports was higher during summer, but no statistically significant difference was found between summer and other seasons. The majority of the stranded animals were adults (70.6%). Stranded calves were not observed. Total body length ranged from 138 to 321cm: 138 to 310cm for males; and 168 to 288cm for females. The average adult body length was 281cm (SD = 0.22). For stranding events where sex was determined (n = 29), a highly statistically significant difference was found between the number of males (n = 21) and females (n = 8). A total of six animals (8.3%) showed evidence of fisheries interactions such as net marks or removal of meat, blubber and eyes. Twenty-two sightings were recorded in the northeastern region, mostly in small islands and Rocas Atoll. This finding shows that the bottlenose dolphin is mainly an oceanic species in the region. More efforts are needed to improve our understanding of the populations and conservation status of bottlenose dolphins in this region.
Report of the Working Group on the Distribution of Tursiops truncatus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lodi Lilian , Domit Camila , Laporta Paula , Di Tullio Juliana C. , Martins Cristiane C. A. , Vermeulen Els
Published: January 2017

The study reviews the information available on the distribution patterns of bottlenose dolphins within the SWAO (04oN-56oS, 25oW-67oW) including the northern portion of Brazil, covering the period from 1894 to 2011.
Variations and anomalies in the vertebral column of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) from southern Brazil
Authors: Costa Ana Paula Borges , Loch Carolina , Simões-Lopes Paulo César
Published: January 2017

This paper describes cases of morphological variation and bone anomalies in the axial skeleton of the bottlenose dolphin, with emphasis on the vertebral column and considering the physical maturity of those specimens.
Conjugaisons juridiques
Authors: Kohlhagen Dominik
Published: January 2017

À partir d’observations parmi des migrants camerounais vivant en Allemagne, l’article remet en perspective le regard habituellement porté sur le Droit en situation migratoire. Lorsqu’il n’est pas appréhendé à travers le simple prisme du droit des étrangers, le rapport au droit de migrants est généralement avant tout compris comme un « entre deux » conciliant des références du pays d’origine avec le droit du pays d’accueil. L’article relève une expérience du Droit plus composite, conjuguant différents répertoires normatifs et partiellement imaginaires pour répondre à des enjeux spécifiques aux projets migratoires. En tant que micro-expériences, les observations relatées soulèvent des questionnements fondamentaux quant à la manière d’intégrer les dispositifs juridiques dominants dans les réalités pluralistes émergentes.
Droit et cultures en sol français
Authors: Fournier Pascale
Published: January 2017

Le présent article s’inscrit dans le cadre des questionnements existentiels auxquels se livre aujourd’hui toute société laïque désireuse de consolider un vivre-ensemble harmonieux. Plus précisément, il s’intéresse, en premier lieu, au rôle normatif que doivent accorder les systèmes de droit civil au droit religieux, puis à l’impact des règles religieuses sur les femmes dans le contexte de la société française. Les adeptes de la laïcité stricte à la française lient généralement ces deux prémisses par la corrélation suivante : les règles religieuses oppriment les femmes et doivent conséquemment être écartées de l’administration de la justice civile. Afin d’offrir une analyse critique de cette position, cet article s’appuie sur une recherche de terrain auprès de femmes françaises juives et musulmanes ayant navigué à travers les systèmes juridiques civil et religieux dans le cadre de procédures de divorce. Les entrevues menées auprès des femmes concernées par ce débat, bien qu’elles ne constituent pas un échantillon exhaustif, suggèrent que l’évacuation totale de tout droit religieux est fondée sur une conception réductrice et inadéquate de la portée réelle des règles religieuses. Les témoignages rapportés dans cet article évoquent un contre-récit pertinent au discours républicain pro-laïcité et démontrent que les normes religieuses peuvent être utilisées, instrumentalisées et réappropriées par les femmes à des fins émancipatrices que le droit civil ne permet pas forcément. Ce constat n’affecte pas les objectifs normatifs de la laïcité. Il met toutefois en garde contre la simplification à outrance du rapport qu’entretiennent femmes et religion et milite en faveur d’une compréhension.
Pluralisme juridique et contemporanéité des droits et des responsabilités territoriales chez les Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok
Authors: Éthier Benoit
Published: January 2017

Cet article aborde la question des droits et des responsabilités territoriales chez les Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok à partir de leurs propres termes. J’explique notamment en quoi le concept nehirowisiw otiperitamowin, utilisé pour parler des droits, des pouvoirs et des responsabilités, fait aussi référence à des valeurs fondamentales comme l’autonomie et la réciprocité. En articulant ma réflexion à l’aide de la perspective issue du pluralisme juridique et des travaux de Roberts (1998), de Panikkar (1999) et de Jullien (2008), l’article montre en quoi cette perspective peut être une amorce intéressante à un exercice de dialogue entre les ordres juridiques autochtones et étatiques. Cet exercice soutenu par des exemples ethnographiques est une prémisse à la comparaison et à l’analyse des dynamiques d’enchevêtrement, de négociation et de résistance entre les ordres juridiques autochtones et étatiques.
The Importance of Accurate Anamnesis in Determining Suspected Drugs Causing of Oral Manifestation of Stevens Johnson Syndrome-Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (Case Report)
Authors: Selvia Selvia , Wardhany Indriasti I
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Stevens - Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are drug hypersensitivity life-threatening disease that involve skin and mucous membrane. Oral manifestation occurs in almost all the patients of SJS-TEN.

Case report: A 52-years-old SJS-TEN female patient was referred from department of dermatology and venereology of RSCM hospital, Jakarta to the department of oral medicine, because of the painful ulcers in the mouth and difficulty to eat. Severe loss of integrity lesions was found in lips and oral mucosa. The causing drugs cannot be identified earlier because of challenging condition during anamnesis. The leading clue of suspected causative drugs was conducted by oral medicine specialist with in depth anamnesis of thorough patients’ medical history. Allergic test after six-week period after the patient first visit shows positive result of carbamazepine and amitriptyline hypersensitivity.

Discussion: The delayed in determining causing drugs in this case were because of several causes, especially lack of information gain during anamnesis. In the condition when the operator cannot obtain sufficient information due to patient condition, it was very important to have an excellent communication in the collaborating medical team and patient family as well as constantly obtaining new important information during the ongoing treatment. Since the appropriate and successful treatment was depending in determining an exact cause, the anamnesis plays a critical role in this case.

Conclusion: Accurate anamnesis by operator was an important part regarding the successful management of patient with SJS-TEN since the disease has an enormous impact in patient’s quality of life.
Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris: The Importance of Patient’s Adherence
Authors: Ratnawidya Wahyuning , Soegyanto Anandina Irmagita
Published: January 2017

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune mucocutaneus disease characterized by intraepithelial bulla formation involving the oral mucosa. The treatment requires long-term corticosteroid at variable doses according to the severity of the lesion.

Case report: A 41-years-old male was referred from the Dermatology Department with oral manifestations of PV. He was treated with systemic methylprednisolone. Oral examination showed severe intra oral PV lesion so that an additional of dexamethasone mouth rinse was prescribed. After 4 weeks of treatment, oral and systemic lesions were relieved. At that time the patient believed he has recovered and decided to stop the medication by himself. Several months later, his skin and oral lesion relapsed with more severe clinical condition than the previous one and he was re-treated with corticosteroid. The severity of PV was suspected by the lack of adherence in medication.

Conclusion: Discontinuation of corticosteroids without a rational reason might influence the recurrence and severity of PV. Good adherence toward corticosteroid therapy is an important factor in PV treatment.
Inhibition of Toothpaste Denture Cleanser Rosella Petals Have Stored Several Times on Denture Plaque Formation, Colonies of Bacteria and Candida Albicans
Authors: Takashi Muh Akira , Dharmautama Moh , Thalib Bahruddin
Published: January 2017

Objective: It is known the benefits of rosella flower petals are able to inhibit the growth of bacteria and C. albicans. In addition, do not change the color and transverse strength dentures plate. Unknown inhibitory power after being stored several times in the form of toothpaste.

Methods: This is a clinical and laboratory experimental research, with pre-and post-test design. The effectiveness of roselle denture cleanser toothpaste was assessed on 5 samples 3, 6 and 9 months after they were created. Plaque score was assessed by the Modified Quigley Hein index, colonization of bacteria and C.albicans were assessed through laboratory observations. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Friedman two ways.

Result: The result show that there were changes in the effectiveness of roselle denture cleanser toothpaste in inhibiting the growth of bacteria and Candida in the 9th month, but no change of effectiveness in inhibiting plaque formation.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the effectiveness of roselle denture toothpaste in inhibiting the growth of bacteria and Candida has decreased; but the same cleanser paste is still effective in inhibiting plaque formation after 9-month storage.
Effects of Curing Time on Compressive Strength of Hybrid Ionomer (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Pei Phoebe Lee , Rusfian Rusfian , Yudhit Astrid
Published: January 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the compressive strength of hybrid ionomer with different curing times which are 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds and 50 seconds.

Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study with posttest only group design. With the total of 24 samples of hybrid ionomer specimens with disk shape (5mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness) were prepared and polymerized using Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) for each group (n=6) of different curing times 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds and 50 seconds respectively. All samples were immersed in distilled water with a dark container and stored in incubator at 37°C for 24 hours before the test. Compressive strength test was done by Universal Testing Machine with crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. All data were analyzed by one way - ANOVA.

Results: The mean and standard deviation of the compressive strength of hybrid ionomer with the curing times 20seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds and 50 seconds were 45.6± 0.4648MPa, 46.8 ± 0.8165MPa, 48.5 ± 0.4037MPa, 50.2 ± 0.5193MPa respectively. Statistic analyze showed there was significant difference between the effect of curing time of the compressive strength of hybrid ionomer.

Conclusion: The increase of curing times will result an increase of compressive strength of hybrid ionomer.
Temporary Anchorage Device Stability: Monocortical Versus Bicortical Anchorage Technique
Authors: Azmi Fateen Nur Ain Mohd , Ying Lim Shuang , Mohamed Wael Ahmed Bayomy , Hassan Rozita
Published: January 2017

Objective: To compare the stability of splinted and non-splinted miniscrew between monocortical and bicortical anchorage techniques.

Methods: Thirty-Six AbsoAnchor orthodontic miniscrews (10mm x 1.5mm) were divided into four groups; non-splinted monocortical, non-splinted bicortical, splinted monocortical and splinted bicortical anchorage techniques. The miniscrews were inserted into sectioned bovine bone blocks and the pull-out strength for each group of miniscrews was measured using Instron 8874; a crosshead speed of 2mm/minute was applied. Six readings were taken for each group and the mean reading for each group was obtained. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA test with 95% confidence interval (P<0.05).

Results: The pull-out strength mean of splinted group was observed to be statistically higher than non-splinted. The mean of the pull-out strength of bicortical was higher than monocortical in both splinted and non-splinted groups, however it is not significant.

Conclusion: Both splinted monocortical and bicortical anchorage miniscrews were significantly stable than non-splinted counterpart. However, in monocortical and bicortical anchorage, there was no significant difference of the pull-out strength between splinted and non-splinted miniscrews.
Ovarian and adnexal torsion: spectrum of sonographic findings with pathologic correlation.
Authors: Albayram F , Hamper U M
Published: January 2017

To determine the spectrum of sonographic findings on gray scale and color Doppler sonography in a series of pathologically proven cases of ovarian and adnexal torsion.

The study population included 15 patients with surgical confirmation of ovarian or adnexal torsion, or both, who underwent sonographic examination before surgery. All sonograms were reviewed retrospectively.

Gray scale abnormalities included the following: complex masses in 11 (73%) of 15 patients, cystic masses in 3 (20%), and a solid mass in 1 (7%). Cul‐de‐sac fluid was present in 13 (87%) of 15 patients. Adnexal neoplasms were present in 4 (27%) of 15 (1 granulosa cell tumor and 3 dermoid cysts) on pathologic examination. Doppler findings were abnormal in 14 (93%) of 15 patients and normal in 1 (7%). Abnormal Doppler findings included no arterial and no venous flow in 6 (40%) of 15, decreased venous flow with no arterial flow in 5 (33%), decreased venous flow and decreased arterial flow in 2 (13%), and decreased arterial flow with no venous flow in 1 (7%). Small amounts of cul‐de‐sac fluid were present in 13 (87%) of 15 patients.

The diagnosis of ovarian and adnexal torsion remains challenging. It cannot be based solely on the absence or presence of flow on color Doppler sonography, because the presence of arterial or venous flow does not exclude the diagnosis of adnexal torsion. Comparison with the morphologic appearance and flow patterns of the contralateral ovary will aid in diagnosis.
Echo color Doppler findings in postpubertal mumps epididymo‐orchitis.
Authors: Tarantino L , Giorgio A , de Stefano G , Farella N
Published: January 2017

To describe echo color Doppler features of mumps epididymo‐orchitis in postpubertal boys and men.

Color Doppler ultrasonographic examinations of the scrotum in 12 patients (14‐34 years old) with serologically proven mumps and symptomatic epididymo‐orchitis (pain and scrotal swelling) were compared with color Doppler ultrasonographic examinations of the scrotum in 10 healthy control subjects.

Clinically evident testicular involvement was bilateral in 1 patient and unilateral in 11 patients (9 left‐ and 2 right‐sided). Four (33.3%) of 12 patients had swelling and a heterogeneous echo texture of the epididymis and hydrocele. Two (16.7%) of 12 patients had swelling of both the epididymis and didymus of the involved side, with a heterogeneous echo texture of the didymus due to hypoechoic, irregularly shaped, confluent intraparenchymal areas. Two (16.7%) of 12 patients had only unilateral mild hydrocele and no testicular abnormalities. In 4 (33.3%) of 12 cases, B‐mode ultrasonographic examination did not show any testicular abnormalities or hydrocele. Hydrocele was anechoic in 4 cases and multiseptated in 4. In 12 (100%) of 12 patients, color Doppler and power Doppler ultrasonography showed hypervascularity in the parenchyma of the affected testicle. In 11 patients, spectral Doppler examination of the arteries at the testicular hilum showed a significantly lower mean +/‐ SD resistive index (0.54 +/‐ 0.03; range, 0.48‐0.57) on the inflamed side compared with the opposite unaffected side (mean, 0.66 +/‐ 0.04; range, 0.71‐0.60) (P < .001). In the patient with bilateral involvement, the mean resistive index values in the right and left testicular arteries were 0.57 and 0.55, respectively. The mean resistive index of the 13 inflamed testicles (0.54 +/‐ 0.03; range, 0.48‐0.57) was significantly different from the mean resistive index values of the right (0.68 +/‐ 0.03) and left (0.67 +/‐ 0.04) testicular arteries in healthy control subjects (P < .001). The mean resistive index in the 11 unaffected testicles in our patients (0.66 +/‐ 0.04; range, 0.71‐0.60) was not significantly different from the mean resistive index in healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION. Ultrasonographic findings in mumps orchitis are not specific. Echo color Doppler examination is more sensitive than ultrasonography alone for revealing testicular inflammation.
Role of Doppler sonography in the evaluation of accessory spleens after splenectomy.
Authors: Herneth A M , Pokieser P , Philipp M O , Bader T R , Helbich T H , Mallek R , Mostbeck G H
Published: January 2017

Splenectomy influences the Doppler blood flow pattern in the splenic artery. Blood flow in this vessel might return to normal if an accessory spleen increases in size after splenectomy. Our objective was to evaluate the resistive index of the splenic artery depending on the presence or absence of a hypertrophic accessory spleen in splenectomized patients.

The resistive index of the splenic artery was evaluated by duplex Doppler sonography in 19 splenectomized patients (8 with a hypertrophic accessory spleen) and in 8 healthy volunteers. The resistive index was measured within 3 cm of the origin of the splenic artery, and 3 different measurements were averaged. The presence or absence of a hypertrophic accessory spleen was diagnosed on the basis of sonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or scintigraphy, as well as by the presence or absence of Howell‐Jolly bodies on a peripheral blood smear.

The resistive index of the splenic artery in the splenectomized patients without a hypertrophic accessory spleen (mean +/‐ SD, 0.82 +/‐ 0.06; n = 11) was significantly (P < or = .0001) higher than in splenectomized patients with a hypertrophic accessory spleen (0.63 +/‐ 0.06; n = 8) and in control subjects (0.63 +/‐ 0.05; n = 8).

In the splenectomized patient, a hypertrophic accessory spleen is associated with a normal resistive index in the splenic artery.
Application of three‐dimensional ultrasonography in the evaluation of the fetal heart.
Authors: Bega G , Kuhlman K , Lev-Toaff A , Kurtz A , Wapner R
Published: January 2017

The objectives of this study were to determine whether three‐dimensional ultrasonography can provide more cardiac views than two‐dimensional ultrasonography and to develop a standard technique. Eighteen women, 16 to 26 weeks' gestation, were scanned with two‐dimensional ultrasonography for 10 minutes or less to obtain fetal heart views. Three‐dimensional ultrasonography was used (< or =10 minutes) to obtain up to 4 acquisitions of the fetal heart: 4‐chamber view, left parasagittal, transverse, and longitudinal nonstandard. Views were later extracted from saved volume data, comparing the yields of two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasonography. The 4‐chamber view was obtained in 15 (93%) of 16 cases on both two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasonography. On two‐dimensional ultrasonography, the left outflow tract was obtained in 68% of the cases; on three‐dimensional ultrasonography, the left outflow tract was obtained in 46% from the 4‐chamber view acquisition and in 100% from the left parasagittal acquisition. On two‐dimensional ultrasonography, the right outflow tract was obtained in 68% of the cases; on three‐dimensional ultrasonography, the right outflow tract was obtained in 86% from the 4‐chamber view acquisition and in 71% from the left parasagittal acquisition. Aortic and ductal arches were obtained in 12% and 18%, respectively, on two‐dimensional ultrasonography. On three‐dimensional ultrasonography the aortic and ductal arches were obtained in 66% and 86%, respectively, from the 4‐chamber view acquisition and in 57% and 71%, respectively, from the left parasagittal acquisition. Three‐dimensional ultrasonography permitted a greater number of cardiac views to be extracted from volume data than did two‐dimensional ultrasonography.
The role of contrast‐enhanced sonography for radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors.
Authors: Liu J B , Goldberg B B , Merton D A , Rawool N M , Needleman L , Forsberg F
Published: January 2017

To assess the feasibility and usefulness of contrast‐enhanced sonography for tumor detection and guidance of liver VX2 tumor ablation and to evaluate post radiofrequency ablation effectiveness.

VX2 tumors were implanted into the livers of 6 rabbits. Both conventional and harmonic gray scale and power Doppler imaging were performed with a commercially available scanner to evaluate the liver tumors before and after intravenous injection of a sonographic contrast agent before and after radiofrequency ablation. Contrast‐enhanced imaging was used to detect the tumors before ablation, to guide needle insertion, and to measure the ablation sites after radiofrequency ablation. Pathologic examination was performed for comparison.

Three tumors were seen without contrast enhancement, whereas 10 tumors (<1 cm) were detected with contrast enhancement. Intentionally, 2 tumors were completely ablated and 5 tumors were partially ablated. In 3 cases, incompletely ablated tumors could only be identified on contrast‐enhanced Doppler imaging by enhancing the detection of residual tumor vascularity. There was excellent concordance between sonographic imaging and gross pathologic findings.

Contrast‐enhanced sonographic imaging appears useful for detection of liver tumors and for guiding and monitoring tumor ablation therapies.
Sonographic Detection of Undescended Testes in the Third Trimester
Authors: Fait Gideon , Yaron Yoval , Shenhar Daniel , Gull Ilan , Har-Toov Joseph , Jaffa Ariel J. , Wolman Igal
Published: January 2017

Objective. To assess the sonographic detection rate of fetal undescended testes among a low‐risk population during the third trimester. Methods. A sonographic evaluation, which included biometric studies and a detailed examination of the fetal genitalia, was performed prospectively on 332 male fetuses of singleton pregnancies between 34 and 40 weeks' gestation. A qualified neonatologist examined the presence of the testes within the scrotum within 3 days after birth. Results. The scrotum was visible in 294 (89%) of the 332 fetuses who were examined. It was visible in all fetuses evaluated between 34 and 36 weeks' gestation. Nine cases of undescended testes were detected (3%). Of these, the diagnosis of 1 case, examined at 34 weeks' gestation, was revealed after birth to be false‐positive. There were no false‐negative results. Conclusions. Sonographic examination during the late third trimester of pregnancy appears to allow accurate diacknowledgmentagnosis of undescended testes prenatally. This early identification will alert the neonatologist of the possibility of cryptorchidism and will permit early postnatal identification and treatment.