bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Placental DNA methylation changes and the early prediction of autism in full-term newborns
Authors: Bahado-Singh Ray O. , Vishweswaraiah Sangeetha , Aydas Buket , Radhakrishna Uppala
Published: July 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with abnormal brain development during fetal life. Overall, increasing evidence indicates an important role of epigenetic dysfunction in ASD. The placenta is critical to and produces neurotransmitters that regulate fetal brain development. We hypothesized that placental DNA methylation changes are a feature of the fetal development of the autistic brain and importantly could help to elucidate the early pathogenesis and prediction of these disorders. Genome-wide methylation using placental tissue from the full-term autistic disorder subtype was performed using the Illumina 450K array. The study consisted of 14 cases and 10 control subjects. Significantly epigenetically altered CpG loci (FDR p-value <0.05) in autism were identified. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was further used to identify molecular pathways that were over-represented (epigenetically dysregulated) in autism. Six Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms including Deep Learning (DL) to determine the predictive accuracy of CpG markers for autism detection. We identified 9655 CpGs differentially methylated in autism. Among them, 2802 CpGs were inter- or non-genic and 6853 intragenic. The latter involved 4129 genes. AI analysis of differentially methylated loci appeared highly accurate for autism detection. DL yielded an AUC (95% CI) of 1.00 (1.00–1.00) for autism detection using intra- or intergenic markers by themselves or combined. The biological functional enrichment showed, four significant functions that were affected in autism: quantity of synapse, microtubule dynamics, neuritogenesis, and abnormal morphology of neurons. In this preliminary study, significant placental DNA methylation changes. AI had high accuracy for the prediction of subsequent autism development in newborns. Finally, biologically functional relevant gene pathways were identified that may play a significant role in early fetal neurodevelopmental influences on later cognition and social behavior.
Sex ratio at birth in Vietnam among six subnational regions during 1980–2050, estimation and probabilistic projection using a Bayesian hierarchical time series model with 2.9 million birth records
Authors: Chao Fengqing , Guilmoto Christophe Z. , Ombao Hernando
Published: July 2021

The sex ratio at birth (SRB, i.e., the ratio of male to female births) in Vietnam has been imbalanced since the 2000s. Previous studies have revealed a rapid increase in the SRB over the past 15 years and the presence of important variations across regions. More recent studies suggested that the nation’s SRB may have plateaued during the 2010s. Given the lack of exhaustive birth registration data in Vietnam, it is necessary to estimate and project levels and trends in the regional SRBs in Vietnam based on a reproducible statistical approach. We compiled an extensive database on regional Vietnam SRBs based on all publicly available surveys and censuses and used a Bayesian hierarchical time series mixture model to estimate and project SRB in Vietnam by region from 1980 to 2050. The Bayesian model incorporates the uncertainties from the observations and year-by-year natural fluctuation. It includes a binary parameter to detect the existence of sex ratio transitions among Vietnamese regions. Furthermore, we model the SRB imbalance using a trapezoid function to capture the increase, stagnation, and decrease of the sex ratio transition by Vietnamese regions. The model results show that four out of six Vietnamese regions, namely, Northern Midlands and Mountain Areas, Northern Central and Central Coastal Areas, Red River Delta, and South East, have existing sex imbalances at birth. The rise in SRB in the Red River Delta was the fastest, as it took only 12 years and was more pronounced, with the SRB reaching the local maximum of 1.146 with a 95% credible interval (1.129, 1.163) in 2013. The model projections suggest that the current decade will record a sustained decline in sex imbalances at birth, and the SRB should be back to the national SRB baseline level of 1.06 in all regions by the mid-2030s.
Additively manufactured patient-specific prosthesis for tumor reconstruction: Design, process, and properties
Authors: Tilton Maryam , Lewis Gregory S. , Hast Michael W. , Fox Edward , Manogharan Guha
Published: July 2021

Design and processing capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM) to fabricate complex geometries continues to drive the adoption of AM for biomedical applications. In this study, a validated design methodology is presented to evaluate AM as an effective fabrication technique for reconstruction of large bone defects after tumor resection in pediatric oncology patients. Implanting off-the-shelf components in pediatric patients is especially challenging because most standard components are sized and shaped for more common adult cases. While currently reported efforts on AM implants are focused on maxillofacial, hip and knee reconstructions, there have been no reported studies on reconstruction of proximal humerus tumors. A case study of a 9-year-old diagnosed with proximal humerus osteosarcoma was used to develop a patient-specific AM prosthesis for the humerus following tumor resection. Commonly used body-centered cubic (BCC) structures were incorporated at the surgical neck and distal interface in order to increase the effective surface area, promote osseointegration, and reduce the implant weight. A patient-specific prosthesis was fabricated using electron beam melting method from biocompatible Ti-6Al-4V. Both computational and biomechanical tests were performed on the prosthesis to evaluate its biomechanical behavior under varying loading conditions. Morphological analysis of the construct using micro-computed tomography was used to compare the as-designed and as-built prosthesis. It was found that the patient-specific prosthesis could withstand physiologically-relevant loading conditions with minimal permanent deformation (82μmafter 105cycles) at the medial aspect of the porous surgical neck. These outcomes support potential translation of the patient-specific AM prostheses to reconstruct large bone defects following tumor resection.
Impact of opportunistic screening on squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the cervix in Germany: A population-based case-control study
Authors: Tanaka Luana F. , Schriefer Dirk , Radde Kathrin , Schauberger Gunther , Klug Stefanie J.
Published: July 2021

Background

We investigated the uptake of opportunistic cervical cancer screening (CCS) and other risk factors and their association with cervical cancer in Germany in a case-control study.

Methods and findings

We recruited incident cases of cervical cancer (ICD-10 C53) diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 and matched with three population-based controls, based on age and region of residence. Cases and controls reported their CCS participation during the past ten years (frequent: every three years; no or infrequent: less than every three years) and other relevant variables. We fitted conditional logistic regression models, reporting odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We report overall and stratified analyses by histologic group (squamous cell–SCC, and adenocarcinoma–AC), T category (T1 and T2+), and age (<50 and ≥50 years). We analysed 217 cases and 652 matched controls. 53.0% of cases and 85.7% of controls attended CCS frequently. In the overall adjusted model, no or infrequent participation in CCS (OR 5.63; 95% CI 3.51 to 9.04), having had more than one sexual partner (OR 2.86; 95%CI 1.50 to 5.45) and obesity (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.83) were associated with cervical cancer. Twelve years of schooling (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.60) and a net monthly income of €3000 or more (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.82) were protective factors. In the stratified analyses, no or infrequent participation was associated with T1 (OR 4.37; 95% CI 2.48 to 7.71), T2+ (OR 10.67; 95% CI 3.83 to 29.74), SCC (OR 6.88; 95% CI 4.08 to 11.59) and AC (OR 3.95; 95% CI 1.47 to 10.63).

Conclusion

Although women who frequently attended CCS were less likely to develop cervical cancer, especially larger tumours, the high proportion of cases who had been frequently screened prior to diagnosis underscores the need to investigate the quality of cytology and treatment of precancerous lesions in Germany.
Kinematics and joints moments profile during straight arm press to handstand in male gymnasts
Authors: Mizutori Hisashi , Kashiwagi Yu , Hakamada Noriko , Tachibana Yasunori , Funato Kazuo
Published: July 2021

Biomechanical features of the handstand, one of the most fundamental skills required for artistic gymnastics events, have not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to clarify the kinematics and joint moment profiles during straight arm press to handstand in different highly skilled male gymnasts. Fifty-nine male gymnasts performed a straight arm press to handstand on a force platform and were judged on their performance by experienced certified judges. Subjects were divided into two groups (highly-skilled and less-skilled). Kinematic data were obtained using a video camera synchronized with force platform. Joint moments (wrist, shoulder, hip) during each straight arm press to handstand were calculated using the inverse dynamics solution. Larger shoulder flexion moments were observed in less-skilled compared with highly- skilled performers (at 3–59%,p< 0.001) while larger hip flexion moments were observed in highly- skilled performers at 52% (p= 0.045) and 56% (p= 0.048) and normalized time of straight arm press to handstand. Major differences between highly-skilled and less-skilled performers were observed in hip joint moment production as it shifted from extension to flexion from the leg horizontal position to the handstand position in highly-skilled gymnasts. Successful straight arm press to handstand techniques observed in highly-skilled performers were characterized as a more acute pike position at toe-off as well as hip flexor moments at latter phase of the straight arm press to handstand.
The management of COVID-19 cases through telemedicine in Brazil
Authors: Montelongo Alfredo , Becker João Luiz , Roman Rudi , de Oliveira Elise Botteselle , Umpierre Roberto Nunes , Gonçalves Marcelo Rodrigues , Silva Rodolfo , Doniec Katarzyna , Yetisen Ali K.
Published: July 2021

In Dec 2020 Brazil became one of the worldwide epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 7.2M reported cases. Brazil has a large territory with unequal distribution of healthcare resources including physicians. Resource limitation has been one of the main factors hampering Brazil’s response to the COVID-19 crisis. Telemedicine has been an effective approach for COVID-19 management as it allows to reduce the risk of cross-contamination and provides support to remote rural locations. Here we present the analyses of teleconsultations from a countrywide telemedicine service (TelessáudeRS-UFRGS, TRS), that provides physician-to-physician remote support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. We performed a descriptive analysis of the teleconsultation incoming calls and a text analysis from the call transcripts. Our findings indicate that TRS teleconsultations in Brazil experienced an exponential increment of 802.% during a period of 6 days, after the first death due to COVID-19 was reported. However, the number of teleconsultations cases decreased over time, despite the number of reported COVID-19 cases continuously increasing. The results also showed that physicians in low-income municipalities, based on GDP per capita, are less likely to consult the telemedicine service despite facing higher rates of COVID-19 cases. The text analysis of call transcripts from medical teleconsultations showed that the main concern of physicians were “asymptomatic” patients. We suggest an immediate reinforcement of telehealth services in the regions of lower income as a strategy to support COVID-19 management.
Improving global maternal and newborn survival via innovation: Stakeholder perspectives on the Saving Lives at Birth Grand Challenge
Authors: Finnegan Amy , Biru Blen , Taylor Andrea , Rajan Sowmya , Udayakumar Krishna , Baumgartner Joy Noel
Published: July 2021

The Saving Lives at Birth (SL@B) funding partners joined in 2011 to source, support, and scale maternal and newborn health (MNH) innovations to improve maternal and newborn survival by focusing on the 24 hours around the time of birth. A multi-methods, retrospective portfolio evaluation was conducted to determine SL@B’s impact. Forty semi-structured, key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with experts in global MNH based in low- and middle-income and in high-income countries to assess the SL@B program. KIIs were conducted with global MNH technical experts, innovators, government officials in low- and middle-income countries, donors, private investors, and implementing partners to include the full spectrum of voices involved in identifying and scaling innovations. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Stakeholders believe the SL@B program has been successful in changing the way maternal and newborn health programs are delivered with a focus on doing things differently through innovation. The open approach to sourcing innovation was seen as positive to the extent that it brought more interdisciplinary stakeholders to think about the problem of maternal and newborn survival. However, a demand-driven approach that aims to source innovations that address MNH priority needs and takes into account the needs of end users (e.g. individuals and governments) was suggested as a strategy for ensuring that more innovations go to scale.
Acquisition and maintenance of disgust reactions in an OCD analogue sample: Efficiency of extinction strategies through a counter-conditioning procedure
Authors: Novara Caroline , Lebrun Cindy , Macgregor Alexandra , Vivet Bruno , Thérouanne Pierre , Capdevielle Delphine , Raffard Stephane
Published: July 2021

Background

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has long been considered as an anxiety disorder, disgust is the dominant emotion in contamination-based OCD. However, disgust seems resistant to exposure with response prevention partly due to the fact that disgust is acquired through evaluative conditioning.

Aims

The present research investigates a counter-conditioning intervention in treating disgust-related emotional responses in two groups of individuals with high (High contamination concerns, HCC, n = 24) and low (Low contamination concerns LCC, n = 23) contamination concerns.

Methods

The two groups completed a differential associative learning task in which neutral images were followed by disgusting images (conditioned stimulus; CS+), or not (CS-). Following this acquisition phase, there was a counter-conditioning procedure in which CS+ was followed by a very pleasant unconditional stimulus while CS- remained unreinforced.

Results

Following counter-conditioning, both groups reported significant reduction in their expectancy of US occurrence and reported less disgust with CS+. For both expectancy and disgust, reduction was lower in the HCC group than in the LCC group. Disgust sensitivity was highly correlated with both acquisition and maintenance of the response acquired, while US expectation was predicted by anxiety.

Conclusion

Counter-conditioning procedure reduces both expectations and conditioned disgust.
Prenatal and postnatal determinants of stunting at age 0–11 months: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Sartika Arindah Nur , Khoirunnisa Meirina , Meiyetriani Eflita , Ermayani Evi , Pramesthi Indriya Laras , Nur Ananda Aziz Jati
Published: July 2021

Background

Childhood stunting remains the most challenging consequence of undernutrition because it is associated with suboptimal brain development and the subsequent increased risk of metabolic diseases and decreased earnings in adult life. The Sambas District in Indonesia has a high prevalence of stunting (28.4%), followed by underweight (25.5.%) and wasting (14.4%) among children, as well chronic energy deficiency (27%) and anemia (62%) among pregnant women. The present study sought to determine significant factors in childhood stunting with a focus on maternal and child nutrition and prenatal and postnatal determinants.

Methods

This prospective, repeat, cross-sectional study investigated factors associated with stunting among 559 infants age 0–11 months in Sambas District, Indonesia. Anthropometric measurements were performed by trained enumerators. Data from a 2016 survey of pregnant women and a 2017 survey on mothers and their children were used for postnatal data collection to quantify the prevalence of stunting at age 0–11 months. Using 20 potential predictors of stunting categorized by household characteristics, maternal characteristics, antenatal care services, and child characteristics, logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the adjusted association between stunting and these factors.

Results

Of 559 children analyzed, 20.8% were stunted. In the model with low birth weight (LBW) as predictor for stunting, the odds of stunting increased significantly among children who weighed <2.500 g at birth; children who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks and children who had incomplete basic immunization coverage as infants age 9–11 months. In model without LBW, the odds of stunting increased significantly among children who had preterm at birth, short maternal stature and children who had incomplete basic immunization coverage for 9–11 months infants.

Conclusions

Postnatal factors—preterm birth, low birth weight, diarrhea and complete basic immunization coverage—were associated with infant stunting in Sambas District, Indonesia. The prenatal factors such as short maternal stature were significant in the multivariate model. Policy makers, especially in the government, should recommend measures focused on those prenatal and postnatal factors to prevent stunting in children and to avoid the sequelae of childhood stunting in adult life.
‘And Bloodshed Must Be Done’: Heavy metal and neo-Nazism in Greece
Authors: Bormpoudakis Dimitrios , Dalakoglou Dimitris
Published: July 2021

This article explores the genealogy of the relationship between the discourses promoted in the heavy metal music press and neo-Nazi publications in Greece since the 1980s. It aims to show that the proliferation of neo-Nazi ideologies and practices in Greece after 2008 was not simply a result of the – on-going – financial crisis; rather, its seeds had been planted during the 1980s and particularly in the 1990s. We shall illustrate how this connection resulted from a conscious decision taken by key neo-Nazi groups and explore how the cultivation of such relationships gradually led to the further dissemination of neo-Nazi discourse within the mainstream heavy metal music press.
Of heroes, maidens and squirrels: Reimagining traditional Finnish folk poetry in metal lyrics
Authors: Doesburg Charlotte
Published: July 2021

The Kalevala (1849), the Finnish folk epic, has inspired all types of artists throughout the years. It could be argued that it was only a matter of time before Finnish metal musicians started adapting material from the epic in their music and lyrics. This article presents two case studies of two lyrics. The first is ‘Lemminkäisen laulu’ (‘Lemminkäinen’s Song’) by Kotiteollisuus. This song is about one of the epic’s main heroes, Lemminkäinen, and his unfortunate marriage to Kyllikki. It draws on poems 11–13 from the Kalevala and on the book Seitsemän veljestä (‘The Seven Brothers’) (1870) by novelist Aleksis Kivi. The second song discussed is ‘Rautaa rinnoista’ (‘Iron from the Breasts’) by Mokoma. The lyrics for this song are inspired by the painting Raudan synty (‘The Origins of Iron’) (1917) by Joseph Alanen. This painting is based on the birth of iron poem from the Kalevala. The interpretation of the lyrics of both songs will show that artists in the same genre have a larger general awareness of other cultural products, including those inspired by the Kalevala and that they use the epic for different purposes. The two case studies will show that adaptation of Finnish folk poetry can be used for various reasons, such as to parodize contemporary society or to voice personal ideas and world-views. Furthermore, the analysis of these lyrics will show that the songs are connected to a sense of Finnishness and the topics and themes of metal music internationally.
OS COMPONENTES NA PRÓTESE SOBRE IMPLANTES - PARTE II: COROAS MÚLTIPLAS
Authors: Fadanelli Marcos Alexandre
Published: July 2021

Olá, leitor! Na coluna passada, dissertei acerca da prótese implantossuportada para elementos unitários. Falei sobre quais informações devemos ter para que possamos selecionar os corretos componentes, além de opções de tratamento para diversas situações. Alguns conceitos mudam quando pensamos em múltiplos elementos a serem restaurados, quando em comparação às coroas unitárias sobre implantes. Além dos conhecimentos básicos referentes ao tipo dos implantes, suas plataformas e dimensões, agora temos que avaliar o paralelismo entre esses implantes, que serão reabilitados de forma conjunta, assim como o posicionamento vertical da plataforma do implante em relação ao nível gengival, ou seja, o quão rasos ou profundos estão posi- cionados tais implantes.
SOBRE A JUVENOIA E AS REDES SOCIAIS
Authors: Cesar Paulo Francisco
Published: July 2021

Um dos assuntos mais frequentes nas rodas de conversas de clínicos e pesquisadores é a forma como os profissionais da área da Odontologia utilizam as redes sociais. Na minha percepção, apesar de a maioria dos profissionais seguir as redes sociais e acompanhar o que os colegas estão publicando, seus comentários são, muitas vezes, negativos, como, por exemplo: “Você viu que fulano virou ‘blogueirinho’?” ou “Para fazer isso, ciclano deve estar desesperado para angariar pacientes para sua clínica ou alunos para seus cursos”, ou, ainda, “A minha geração era muito melhor, pois a gente não se expunha dessa forma”.
Arkhus Ateliê de Reabilitação Oral
Authors: Bastos Fernando
Published: July 2021

Como na vida do profissional liberal, em que várias escolhas e esforços são empregados a fim de cons- truir uma carreira próspera, nem sempre sabemos o impacto futuro do que fazemos hoje. Investimentos de tempo e financeiros nem sempre são quantificáveis frente ao real impacto que frutificará no futuro e, dentro do muito que nos dedicamos hoje, com certeza a construção do nosso espaço de trabalho é uma das grandes questões da carreira do odontólogo. “Em qual momento realizar esse investimento? Como isso pode influenciar nosso sucesso profissional?” São questionamentos reais sempre revisitados. Mas, muito mais que isso, a percepção de que nosso consultório, nosso espaço de trabalho, pode, de maneira inquestionável, projetar a imagem profissional do que somos, ou queremos ser, torna o processo de idealizar uma nova clínica muito mais rico e interessante.
Crisis-induced disruptions in place-based social-ecological research ‐ an opportunity for redirection
Authors: Hermans Kathleen , Berger Elisabeth , Biber-Freudenberger Lisa , Bossenbroek Lisa , Ebeler Laura , Groth Juliane , Hack Jochen , Hanspach Jan , Hintz Kendisha Soekardjo , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon , Kwong Yim Ming Connie , Oakes Robert , Pagogna Raffaella , Plieninger Tobias , Sterly Harald , van der Geest Kees , van Vliet Jasper , Wiederkehr Charlotte
Published: July 2021

Place-based research faces multiple threats, including both natural and global health hazards and political conflicts, which may disrupt fieldwork. The current COVID-19 pandemic shows how these threats can drastically affect social-ecological research activities given its engagement
with different local stakeholders, disciplines, and knowledge systems. The crisis reveals the need for adaptive research designs while also providing an opportunity for a structural shift towards a more sustainable and inclusive research landscape.
Nachhaltige Landnutzung mit Agri-Photovoltaik: Photovoltaikausbau im Einklang mit der Lebensmittelproduktion: Szenarioanalyse zur Inanspruchnahme landwirtschaftlicher Nutzflächen durch Photovoltaik in Deutschland bis 2050
Authors: Schindele Stephan
Published: July 2021

Ohne massiven Ausbau der Photovoltaik lassen sich die Klimaziele nicht erreichen. Dafür werden auch Anlagen auf Landwirtschaftsflächen nötig sein. Wie viel Agrarfläche braucht es für den erforderlichen Photovoltaikausbau in Deutschland, welche Auswirkung hätte
er auf den Agrarflächenbestand? Entscheidend, auch für das Erreichen der Flächenkreislaufwirtschaft, ist, ob dieser Ausbau mittels Agri-Photovoltaik oder mittels Freiflächenanlagen erfolgt.Germany’s Sustainable Development Strategy sets the goals to reduce
“land take” for housing, industry, roads or recreational purposes to 30 hectares per day by 2030 and to “no net land take” by 2050 (“circular economy for land and soils”). Simultaneously Germany plans to increase the share of ground-mounted photovoltaics
(PV-GM). Yet, PV-GM accounts to industry land take and thus the two targets are contradictory. The expected area of arable land taken for PV-GM till 2050 is simulated. For a second simulation, PV-GM diffusion is partially substituted by agrivoltaics. Finally, the arable land demand in both
scenarios is compared and evaluated according to the German policy goals. Agri-PV dissemination, when replacing PV-GM, could preserve approximately 60,000 hectares of arable land and thus reduce land take increase significantly. Political recommendations for sustainable land management and
Agri-PV implementation finalize the article.
Teknologi Drone untuk Estimasi Stok Karbon di Area Mangrove Pulau Kemujan, Karimunjawa
Authors: Farahdita Wanda Laras , Soenardjo Nirwani , Suryono Chrisna Adhi
Published: July 2021

Hutan mangrove dapat mengurangi emisi karbon dengan menyerap CO2 yang berasal dari udara. Kawasan Tracking Mangrove Pulau Kemujan merupakan salah satu pulau di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa yang didominasi oleh mangrove. Jumlah serapan karbon yang tersimpan di mangrove perlu dihitung sebagai upaya penanganan iklim global dan menambah fungsi mangrove. Pendugaan karbon dapat dilakukan melalui teknologi penginderaan jauh, salah satunya dengan drone. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung dan memetakan area spasial distribusi stok karbon di area tracking mangrove Pulau Kemujan, Karimunjawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kuantitatif yang didapatkan dari pendekatan analisis spasial dan data pengukuran lapangan. Metode yang diaplikasikan terdiri dari fotogrametri, image classification, dan perhitungan pendugaan karbon. Resolusi hasil foto udara adalah 3,19 cm/pix, uji korelasi dan uji validasi antara nilai karbon dan indeks vegetasi (NDVI) adalah 0,658 dan 10,738%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa area tracking mangrove Pulau Kemujan, Karimunjawa memiliki estimasi simpanan karbon antara 8,42–224,6 ton/ha, dominansi karbon tertinggi berkisar antara 19,43-31,20 ton/ha yang mencakup 8,159 ha. Total area yang terpetakan adalah 28,462 ha dengan rata -rata nilai karbon 56,93 ton/ha. Mangrove forests can reduce carbon emissions by absorbing CO2 from the air. Mangrove Tracking Area of Kemujan Island is one of the islands in Karimunjawa National Park which dominated by mangroves. The amount of carbon sequestration in mangroves needs to be calculated in order to reduce the climate change impact and increase the function of mangroves. Carbon estimation could be approached by remote sensing technology, drones are one of them. The study aims to calculate carbon sequestration and mapping the spatial area of carbon stock distribution in the mangrove tracking area of Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa. Quantitative data are obtained from the spatial analysis and field measurement data. The method applied consists of photogrammetry, image classification, and calculation of carbon estimation. Resolution of aerial photo is 3.19 cm/pix, correlation test and validation test between carbon value and vegetation index (NDVI) are 0.658 and 10.738%, respectively. The result showed that the mangrove tracking area of Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa had an estimated of carbon stock ranges from 8.42–224.6 tons/ha, the highest dominance is 19.43-31.20 tons/ha which covered 8,159 ha. The total area mapped as a spatial area of carbon stock distribution is 28,462 ha with an average carbon value of 56.93 tons/ha.
Perbandingan Jenis dan Jumlah Echinodermata Di Perairan Pantai Krakal Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta Dan Pantai Pailus Jepara, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Putri Ardita Elok Mahendra , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Endrawati Hadi
Published: July 2021

Echinodermata merupakan biota yang dapat ditemukan hampir di semua ekosistem laut. Echinodermata cukup melimpah keberadaannya di kawasan terumbu karang, hal ini karena terumbu karang berperan sebagai tempat berlindung dan mencari makan bagi Echinodermata. Dalam rantai makanan, Echinodermata memiliki peranan sebagai pemakan seston atau detritus, dan merombak sisa bahan organik. Echinodermata juga berperan sebagai bioindikator parameter kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan Echinodermata yang terdapat di Pantai Krakal, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta dan Pantai Pailus, Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode transek kuadran dengan ukuran 1x1m. Hasil pengamatan di Pantai Krakal ditemukan 2 kelas dari filum Echinodermata, antara lain 3 species dari Kelas Ophiuroidea yaitu Ophiocoma erinaceus, Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophiarachna affinis, dan 3 species dari Kelas Echinoidea yaitu Echinometra viridis, Echinometra oblonga, dan Stomopneustes variolaris. Sedangkan jenis Echinodermata yang ditemukan di Pantai Pailus ditemukan 1 Kelas Echinodermata yaitu Holothuridea yang terdiri dari 3 spesies, yaitu Holothuria atra, Holothuria scabra, dan Holothuria leucospilota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan individu tertinggi penelitian di Pantai Krakal adalah Ophiocoma scolopendrina (7,05 ind/m²),sedangkan kelimpahan individu tertinggi di Pantai Pailus adalah Holothuria scabra (2,13  ind/m²). Echinodermata is a biota that can be found almost in all marine ecosystems. Echinodermata quite abundant presence in the area coral reefs, because it serves as shelter and feed for Echinodermata. In the food chain, Echinodermata has a role as a seston eater or dentrite, and remodel the rest of the organic material. Echinodermata also serves as a bioindicator of water quality parameters. This study aims to determine the abundance of Echinodermata found in Krakal Beach, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta and Pailus Beach, Jepara, Central Java. The method used in this research was descriptive method. Sampling in this research used quadrant transect method with size 1x1m. The results of observation on Krakal Beach found 2 classes of Echinodermata phylum, among others 3 species of Ophiuroidea namely Ophiocoma erinaceus, Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophiarachna affinis, and 3 species of Echinoidea is Echinometra viridis, Echinometra oblonga, and Stomopneustes variolaris. While the type of Echinodermata found in Pailus Beach found 1 Class Echinodermata is Holothuridea consisting of 3 species, namely Holothuria atra, Holothuria scabra, and Holothuria leucospilota. The results showed the highest individual abundance of research on Krakal Beach was Ophiocoma scolopendrina (7,05 ind/m²), while the highest individual abundance in Pailus Beach was Holothuria scabra (2,13 ind/m²).
Sebaran Thermal Front Musiman di Wilayah Perairan Selat Madura Menggunakan Single Image Edge Detection
Authors: Trinugroho Trinugroho , Satriadi Alfi , Muslim Muslim
Published: July 2021

Thermal front didefinisikan sebagai pertemuan antara dua masa air dengan karakteristik suhu yang berbeda sehingga membentuk gradien suhu. Thermal front merupakan salah satu proses oseanografi penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi fisik, kimia, maupun biologi di laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran thermal front musiman di perairan Selat Madura, Jawa Timur. Deteksi thermal front dilakukan pada lapisan permukaan laut dengan menggunakan citra AquaMODIS untuk suhu permukaan laut. Citra AquaMODIS yang digunakan memiliki resolusi spasial sebesar 1 km x 1 km dan resolusi temporal selama satu hari. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi fenomena ini adalah metode Single Image Edge Detection (SIED) yang diperkenalkan oleh Cayula dan Cornilon pada tahun 1992. Metode ini menggunakan prinsip deteksi tepi piksel yang mempertimbangkan nilai gradien suhu dan pola arah dari piksel yang memiliki gradien suhu. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa sebaran spasial dan temporal fenomena thermal front di perairan Selat Madura. Sebaran temporal berdasarkan komposit harian dalam satu musim selama empat tahun dari tahun 2012 – 2016. Rata – rata kejadian thermal front tiap musim sebanyak 446 kali pada musim barat, 1893 kali pada musim peralihan I, 1038 kali pada musim timur, dan 2375 kali pada musim peralihan II. Penyebab utama kejadian front di perairan Selat Madura adalah akibat adanya arus eddy dan masukan masa air laut dari wilayah timur Selat Madura. Thermal front defined as an ecounter of two water masses which has different temperature (thermal) characteristics and create a thermal gradient. Thermal front is one of the most important oceanographic proceses that can make a significant impact to physical, chemical, and biological process in the ocean. The aim of this research is to understand seasonal thermal front distribution in Madura Strait, East Java. Thermal front was detected in the surface layer of water, using AquaMODIS for Sea Surface Temperature (SST). AquaMODIS image which used in this research has 1 km x 1 km spatial resolution and one day (24 hours) temporal resolution. Front detection in this research is using Single Image Edge Detection by Cayula Cornilon (1992). This method is using edge detection of pixel, considering the value of thermal gradient and pattern of the pixel edge. The result of this research is spatial and temporal distribution of thermal front in Madura Strait. Temporal distribution are based on composite result of daily front detection in seasonal range for four years from 2012-2016. Seasonal average of front occurence is 446 times in western season, 1893 times in Transition I, 1038 times in eastern season and 2375 times in Transition II. The main cause of front in Madura strait is eddy current and water masses ecounter from eastern area of Madura.
Biologi Mangrove Ditinjau dari Nilai Penting Keanekaragaman, Dominansi, Keragaman Di Pesisir Kecamatan Bonang, Demak
Authors: Saputra Bima Agung , Pribadi Rudhi , Suryono Chrisna Adhi
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK: Penelitian mengenai kajian kawasan kawasan rehabilitasi mangrove ini dilakukan di Desa Morodemak dan Desa Purworejo, Kecamatan Bonang, Kabupaten Demak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting struktur dan komposisi vegetasi mangrove serta mengkaji kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove di Desa Morodemak dan Desa Purworejo, Kecamatan Bonang, Kabupaten Demak. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan analisa data struktur dan komposisi vegetasi mangrove dan presentasi peran masyarakat dan peran lembaga pemerintah/non pemerintah setempat. Hasil penelitian di Desa Morodemak dan Desa Purworejo ditemukan 9 spesies mangrove dari tiga komponen vegetasi yaitu mayor, minor dan asosiasi. Secara umun kerapatan kategori pohon (tree) di Lokasi I 3211 ind/ha, sementara di Lokasi II 3611 ind/ha. Kerapatan kategori anakan (sapling) di Lokasi I 533 ind/ha, sementara di Lokasi II ind/ha. Kerapatan kategori semai (seedling) di Lokasi I 450 ind/ha sementara di Lokasi II 1383 ind/ha. Peran masyarakat dan peran lembaga pemerintah/non pemerintah di Desa Purworejo lebih aktif jika dibandingkan Desa Morodemak. ABSTRACT: Research on the study of mangrove rehabilitation in Morodemak and Purworejo Village, Bonang District, Demak Regency. The purpose of this study to determine the existing conditions of the structure and composition of mangrove vegetation and to study the rehabilitation activities of mangroves in Morodemak and Purworejo Villages, Bonang District, Demak Regency. The research method used is descriptive method with exploratory data analysis mangrove vegetation structure, composition and presentase the role of society and the role of government institution. The results of the research in Morodemak and Purworejo Villages found 9 mangrove species from three vegetation components, namely major, minor and association. In general, the tree density in location I has an average of 3211 ind/ha, while in Location II is 3611 ind/ha. Sapling density at Location I averages 533 ind/ha, while in Location II the average is 1422 ind / ha. The seedling category density at Location I has an average of 450 ind/ha while in Location II an average of 1383 ind/ha. The role of the community and the role of government  in Purworejo Village is more active than Morodemak Village.
Geomorfologi Perairan Muara Sungai Kaliboyo Batang Jawa Tengah
Authors: Shofian Tyandi , Atmodjo Warsito , Marwoto Jarot
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK : Sungai Kaliboyo merupakan salah satu daerah aliran sungai (DAS) yang ada di Kabupaten Batang. Muara Sungai Kaliboyo terletak di Desa Roban, dimana mayoritas masyarakat memanfaatkan sebagai sarana transportasi dan sumber mata pencaharian. Perairan yang dulu digunakan sebagai jalur transportasi kini mengalami perubahan berupa pendangkalan pada aliran muara, sehingga berdampak pada terhambatnya aktivitas nelayan khususnya alur keluar masuk kapal. Informasi geomorfologi ialah hal vital untuk perencanaan dan pemanfaatan perairan di masa mendatang salah satunya pengerukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi geomorfologi perairan Muara Sungai Kaliboyo, Kabupaten Batang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pemeruman kedalaman menggunakan instrumen singlebeam echosounder tipe Garmin GPSMap 585 untuk mengetahui kedalaman perairan, serta grab sampler untuk mengambil sampel sedimen dasar. Pengolahan data diproses dengan menggunakan software ArcGIS 10.4 dan Surfer 11 untuk mendapatkan hasil kontur batimetri dan persebaran sedimen guna mengetahui kondisi geomorfologi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa muara sungai terjadi pendangkalan hingga kedalaman 0,5 m. Kemiringan perairan berkisar 0,47% hingga 1,95% yang dikategorikan datar. Kondisi geomorfologi berupa pantai berpasir dengan didominasi gelombang dan debit sungai. ABSTRACT : Kaliboyo River is one of the river basins (DAS) in Batang Regency. The Kaliboyo River Estuary is located in Roban Village, where the majority of the civilization uses it as transportation route and a source of livelihood. The waters that used to be used as a transportation route are now undergoing changes in the form of siltation in the estuary flow, so that it has an impact on the inhibition of fishing activities, especially the shipping channel, in and out of ships. Geomorphological information is important for the planning and utilization of water in the future, one of which is dredging. The purpose of this study was to determine the geomorphological conditions of the Kaliboyo Estuary waters, Batang Regency. This research was conducted by depth analysis using a Garmin GPSMap 585 singlebeam echosounder instrument to determine the depth of the waters, as well as a grab sampler to take basic sediment samples. Data processing was processed using ArcGIS 10.4 and Surfer 11 software to obtain the results of bathymetry contours and sediment distribution to determine geomorphological conditions. Based on the results of the study, it shows that river mouths shallow to a depth of 0.5 m. The water slope ranges from 0.47% to 1.95% which is categorized flat. Geomorphological conditions is sandy beaches dominated by waves and river discharge.
Biomorfometri Kepiting Bakau di Perairan Bandengan Kendal
Authors: Safitri Shofi Firda , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Djunaedi Ali
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK: Kepiting Bakau (Scylla sp.) merupakan sumberdaya kelautan penting di Indonesia dan permintaan terhadap komoditi Kepiting Bakau cenderung meningkat, baik di pasar lokal maupun mancanegara. Peningkatan permintaan Kepiting Bakau dapat menyebabkan terganggunya populasi kepiting di alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji biomorfometrik Kepiting Bakau (Scylla sp.) yang meliputi ukuran lebar karapas Kepiting Bakau, hubungan lebar karapas dan berat, nisbah kelamin, faktor kondisi dan tingkat kematangan gonad Kepiting Bakau di perairan Bandengan Kendal pada November 2018 sampai Februari 2019. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa jumlah Kepiting Bakau yang diamati sebanyak 1914 ekor, terdiri atas 897 betina dan 1017 jantan, terdapat empat spesies Kepiting Bakau yang tertangkap di perairan Bandengan Kendal, yaitu Scylla serrata, Scylla tranquebarica, Scylla paramamosain dan Scylla olivacea, perbandingan betina dan jantan 1:1,19. Ukuran lebar karapas berkisar antara 43,75-165,5 mm dengan berat berkisar antara 23-660 g. Hubungan lebar karapas dengan berat bersifat allometrik negatif. Nilai faktor kondisi yang didapatkan berkisar 1,66–1,189. Tingkat kematangan gonad kepiting betina didominasi oleh TKG I dan II, pada bulan November 2018 – Februari 2019 di perairan Bandengan Kendal belum terjadi masa puncak pemijahan.  ABSTRACT: Mud crabs (Scylla sp.) are important marine resources in Indonesia and demand for mud crabs tends to increase, both in local and foreign markets. Increased demand for Mangrove Crabs can cause disruption to the population of crabs in nature. This study to examine the morphometrics of Mud Crabs (Scylla sp.) Which include the size of the width of the Mud Crab carapace, the relationship between carapace width and weight, sex ratio, condition factors and the level of maturity of the Mud Crab in Bandengan Kendal waters from November 2018 to February 2019. The descriptive explorative methods was used in this research. The results showed that the number of mud crabs caught from November 2018 to February 2019 was 1914, consisting of 897 females and 1017 males, there were four species of mud crabs caught in Kendal Bandengan waters, namely Scylla serrata, Scylla tranquebarica, Scylla paramamosain and Scylla olivacea, comparison of females and males 1: 1,19. Carapace widths range from 43.75 - 165.5 mm with weights ranging from 23 - 660 g. The relationship between carapace width and weight are negative allometric. The obtained condition factor values range from 1.66 - 1.189. The maturity level of female crab gonads are dominated by TKG I and II, thus it is suspected that in November 2018 - February 2019 in the waters of Bandengan Kendal, the spawning peak has not yet occurred.
Logam Berat (Pb) pada Lamun Enhalus acoroides (Linnaeus F.) Royle 1839 (Magnoliopsida: Hydrocharitaceae) di Pulau Panjang dan Pulau Lima Teluk Banten
Authors: Falah Faishal , Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Riniatsih Ita
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK: Lamun adalah tumbuhan berbunga (Angiospermae) yang berbiji satu (monokotil) dan mempunyai akar rimpang, daun, bunga, buah, dan tumbuh di lingkungan laut. Enhalus acoroides merupakan jenis lamun yang banyak tumbuh di sekitar perairan Pulau Panjang dan Pulau Lima, Teluk Banten. Kegiatan manusia meliputi budidaya, industri, lalu lintas kapal industri, pebuhan, dan kegiatan nelayan yang berdekatan dengan Pulau Panjang dan Pulau lima diduga menjadi sumber logam berat Timbal (Pb). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan dan tingkat pencemaran logam berat Pb pada air, sedimen, dan Lamun Enhalus acoroides (akar, batang, dan daun) di perairan Pulau Panjang dan Pulau Lima, Teluk banten. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan metode penentuan lokasi menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Logam berat Pb dalam sampel air, sedimen dan lamun Enhalus acoroides dianalisis di Laboratorium SUA Analisis Tanah Institut Pertanian Bogor menggunakan metode AAS (AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometry). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan Pulau Panjang dan Pulau lima suddah terkontaminasi logam Pb. Sedangkan pada sedimen dan Lamun Enhalus acoroides sudah terkontaminasi logam Pb. Meskipun demikian variasi faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, salinitas, pH, kecepatan arus dan jenis sedimen juga memberikan kontribusi yang cukup penting terhadap kandungan logam Pb.  ABSTRACT: Seagrass is a flowering plant (Angiospermae) which has one seed (monocotyl) and has rhizome roots, leaves, flowers, fruit, and grows in the marine environment. Enhalus acoroides is a type of seagrass that grows around the waters of Pulau Panjang and Pulau Lima, Banten Bay. Human activities including aquaculture, industry, industrial ship traffic, Port, and fishing activities adjacent to Pulau Panjang and Pulau Lima are thought to be a source of heavy metal Lead (Pb). This study aims to analyze the content and level of Pb heavy metal pollution in water, sediments, and Seagrass Enhalus acoroides (roots, stems, and leaves) in the waters of Pulau Panjang and Pulau Lima, Teluk Banten. This research uses descriptive method and location determination method using purposive sampling method. Pb heavy metals in water, sediment and seagrass samples from Enhalus acoroides were analyzed at the SUA Soil Analysis Laboratory Bogor Agricultural University using the AAS (AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometry) method. The results showed that the waters of Pulau Panjang and Pulau Lima were contaminated with Pb metal. While the sediment and Seagrass Enhalus acoroides have been contaminated with Pb metal. Even so variations in environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, pH, flow velocity and type of sediment also contribute quite significantly to the Pb metal content.
Struktur Komunitas Echinodermata di Padang Lamun Karimunjawa, Jepara Jawa Tengah
Authors: Fatimah Hanaf , Nuraini Ria Azizah Tri , Santoso Adi
Published: July 2021

Pulau Kemujan dan Pulau Bengkoang Karimunjawa memiliki beberapa ekosistem, salah satunya adalah ekosistem padang lamun. Secara ekologis, padang lamun merupakan habitat bagi biota laut salah satunya Echinodermata. Echinodermata berperan sebagai salah satu komponen dalam rantai makanan, pemakan sampah organik dan hewan kecil lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis struktur komunitas Echinodermata dan membandingkan struktur komunitas Echinodermata di Pulau Kemujan dan Pulau Bengkoang Karimunjawa. Metode struktur komunitas Echinodermata sama dengan lamun yaitu metode Seagrass Watch. Masing-masing lokasi dibagi menjadi 3 titik sekaligus sebagai pengulangan, dengan jarak antar titik 25 meter sejajar garis pantai, penarikan transek kuadran berukuran 50x50cm² ketika pertama kali ditemukannya lamun, tegak lurus kearah laut lepas sepanjang 50 m. Transek kuadran diletakkan dimulai dari titik, lalu ke arah 1 meter dari kanan dan 1 meter dari kiri, dengan jarak antar kuadran 5 m. Hasil penelitian Echinodermata di Pulau Kemujan yaitu Kelas Holothuroidea dan Echinoidea, sedangkan di Pulau Bengkoang ditemukan Kelas Holothuroidea, Asteroidea dan Echinoidea. Kelimpahan Echinoidermata tertinggi di Pulau Bengkoang. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) Pulau Kemujan tergolong rendah (0,025), indeks keseragaman rendah (0,030) dan tidak ada yang mendominansi. Sedangkan di Pulau Bengkoang keanekaragaman (H’) tergolong sedang (1,048), keseragaman (E) tinggi (0,793) dan tidak ada yang mendominansi. Hasil kerapatan lamun lebih tinggi di Pulau Bengkoang yaitu 164,44 ind/m². Jenis substrat di kedua lokasi yaitu pasir dengan kandungan bahan organik di Pulau Kemujan tergolong rendah, sedangkan Pulau Bengkoang tergolong sedang.