bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between depressive complaints and indicators of labour participation among older Dutch employees: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jennen Jacqueline G. M. , Jansen N. W. H. , van Amelsvoort L. G. P. M. , Slangen J. J. M. , Kant I. J.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

European policy measures have led to an increased net labour participation of older employees. Yet, via different routes (for instance disability schemes) employees still often leave the labour market early. Mental health may be an important factor hindering labour participation. Aims of this study are twofold: first, to examine the relationship between mental health—particularly depressive complaints—and indicators of labour participation among older employees over a 2-year follow-up period and second, to explore the impact of different work contexts when studying this relation.

Methods

A subsample of older employees (aged > 45 years; n = 1253) from the Maastricht Cohort Study was studied. Depressive complaints were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Logistic and Cox regression analyses covered 2 years of follow-up and were also stratified for relevant work-related factors.

Results

Employees with mild depressive complaints showed statistically significantly higher risks for poor mental workability (HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.14–5.92) and high psychological disengagement levels (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.21–4.57) over time compared to employees without depressive complaints. Within various work contexts, for instance in which employees perform physically demanding work or have high psychological job demands, significantly stronger associations were found between depressive complaints and poor mental workability over time.

Conclusions

This study shows strong longitudinal associations between depressive complaints and indicators of labour participation, also within different work contexts over time. Results provide valuable input for developing preventive measure aiming to enhance sustainable labour participation of older employees.
Structural evolution of granular systems: theory
Authors: Wanjura Clara C. , Gago Paula , Matsushima Takashi , Blumenfeld Raphael
Published: October 2020

A general theory is developed for the evolution of the cell order (CO) distribution in planar granular systems. Dynamic equations are constructed and solved in closed form for several examples: systems under compression; dilation of very dense systems; and the general approach to steady state. We find that all the steady states are stable and that they satisfy a detailed balance-like condition when the CO$$\,\le 6$$

≤
6

. Illustrative numerical solutions of the evolution are shown. Our theoretical results are validated against an extensive simulation of a sheared system. The formalism can be readily extended to other structural characteristics, paving the way to a general theory of structural organisation of granular systems.

Graphic abstract
Managing a gastrointestinal oncology practice in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: single institutional experience in The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
Authors: Takahari Daisuke , Shinozaki Eiji , Wakatsuki Takeru , Ooki Akira , Ozaka Masato , Suzuki Takeshi , Nakayama Izuma , Osumi Hiroki , Kamiimabeppu Daisaku , Sato Taro , Ogura Mariko , Suenaga Mitsukuni , Chin Keisho , Yamaguchi Kensei
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared to be a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. On April 7, 2020, a state of emergency was declared in Japan, as had been by other nations worldwide. This unprecedented crisis has profound implications for patients undergoing chemotherapy and for practicing healthcare professionals. Various reports have shown data indicating that cancer patients with COVID-19 have high morbidity and mortality rates. In order to reduce the use of medical resources to avoid the risk of COVID-19 infections in both cancer patients and health care providers, oncologists now have to draw the line for cancer treatments by maintaining their efficacy while avoiding severe adverse events. In this article, we outlined the decisions made regarding the practice of gastrointestinal oncology in our institution during the COVID pandemic.
A systematic literature review of cross-domain model consistency checking by model management tools
Authors: Torres Weslley , van den Brand Mark G. J. , Serebrenik Alexander
Published: October 2020

Objective The goal of this study is to identify gaps and challenges related to cross-domain model management focusing on consistency checking. Method We conducted a systematic literature review. We used the keyword-based search on Google Scholar, and we identified 618 potentially relevant studies; after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 96 papers were selected for further analysis. Results The main findings/contributions are: (i) a list of available tools used to support model management; (ii) 40% of the tools can provide consistency checking on models of different domains and 25% on models of the same domain, and 35% do not provide any consistency checking; (iii) available strategies to keep the consistency between models of different domains are not mature enough; (iv) most of the tools that provide consistency checking on models of different domains can only capture up to two inconsistency types; (v) the main challenges associated with tools that manage models on different domains are related to interoperability between tools and the consistency maintenance. Conclusion The results presented in this study can be used to guide new research on maintaining the consistency between models of different domains. Example of further research is to investigate how to capture the Behavioral and Refinement inconsistency types. This study also indicates that the tools should be improved in order to address, for example, more kinds of consistency check.
The Use of Angiotensin II for the Treatment of Post-cardiopulmonary Bypass Vasoplegia
Authors: Papazisi Olga , Palmen Meindert , Danser A. H. Jan
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Vasoplegia is a common complication after cardiac surgery and is related to the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Despite its association with increased morbidity and mortality, no consensus exists in terms of its treatment. In December 2017, angiotensin II (AII) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in vasodilatory shock; however, except for the ATHOS-3 trial, its use in vasoplegic patients that underwent cardiac surgery on CPB has mainly been reported in case reports. Thus, the aim of this review is to collect all the clinically relevant data and describe the pharmacologic mechanism, efficacy, and safety of this novel pharmacologic agent for the treatment of refractory vasoplegia in this population.

Methods

Two independent reviewers performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library using relevant MeSH terms (Angiotensin II, Vasoplegia, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Cardiac Surgical Procedures).

Results

The literature search yielded 820 unique articles. In total, 9 studies were included. Of those, 2 were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 6 were case reports and 1 was a retrospective cohort study.

Conclusions

AII appears to be a promising means of treatment for patients with post-operative vasoplegia. It is demonstrated to be effective in raising blood pressure, while no major adverse events have been reported. It remains uncertain whether this agent will be broadly available and whether it will be more advantageous in the clinical management of vasoplegia compared to other available vasopressors. For that reason, we should contain our eagerness and enthusiasm regarding its use until supplementary knowledge becomes available.
Evolution equations for a wide range of Einstein-matter systems
Authors: Normann M. , Valiente Kroon J. A.
Published: October 2020

We use an orthonormal frame approach to provide a general framework for the first order hyperbolic reduction of the Einstein equations coupled to a fairly generic class of matter models. Our analysis covers the special cases of dust and perfect fluid. We also provide a discussion of self-gravitating elastic matter. The frame is Fermi–Walker propagated and coordinates are chosen such as to satisfy the Lagrange condition. We show the propagation of the constraints of the Einstein-matter system.
Electrospun cotton–wool-like silica/gelatin hybrids with covalent coupling
Authors: Nelson Maria , Tallia Francesca , Page Samuel J. , Hanna John V. , Fujita Yuki , Obata Akiko , Kasuga Toshihiro , Jones Julian R.
Published: October 2020

Inorganic/organic sol–gel hybrids consist of co-networks of inorganic and organic components that can lead to unique properties, compared to conventional composites, especially when there is covalent bonding between the networks. The aim here was to develop new electrospun silica/gelatin sol–gel hybrids, with covalent coupling and unique 3D cotton–wool-like morphology for application as regenerative medicine scaffolds. Covalent coupling is critical for obtaining sustained dissolution of the fibres and we identified the sol–gel synthesis conditions needed for coupling within the electrospun fibres. Under carefully controlled conditions, such as constant humidity, we investigated the effect of the electrospinning process variables of sol viscosity (and aging time) and amount of coupling agent on the 3D morphology of the fibres, their structure (bonding) and dissolution, identifying a detailed optimised protocol for fibre scaffold production.
From facilitation to competition: the effect of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on the growth performance of four poplar-hybrids (Populus spp.) in mixed short rotation coppice
Authors: Rebola-Lichtenberg Jessica , Streit Juliane , Schall Peter , Ammer Christian , Seidel Dominik
Published: October 2020

Short rotation coppices play an important role in providing biomass for energetic use. Mixing fast-growing tree species in short rotation coppices may show complementarity effects and increased yield. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of species interaction in mixed short rotation coppices with fast-growingPopulusspp.-hybrids and the N-fixingRobinia pseudoacacia. Four differentPopulus-hybrids (AF2, Fritzi Pauley, Hybride 275 and Max 1), planted alternately in pure and mixed stands withR. pseudoacaciawere used for the analysis. Height and root collar diameter were measured once a year, over a period of four years (2014–2017). Additionally, in the third year, aboveground competition was surveyed with a terrestrial laser scanner and root biomass was analyzed to assess belowground competition. Soil nitrogen was also determined in order to verify enrichment properties of mixtures compared to pure stands.Populus-hybrids’ stem volume showed no significant differences between stand types in the first year after planting. In the second and third year, however, twoPopulus-hybrids (AF2 and Max 1) had a higher stem volume increment of up to 3.8 times than stem volume increment in pure stands. This may be related to the fact that soil nitrogen was 39% higher in the mixtures than in pure stands. However, in the 4th year after stand establishment,R. pseudoacacia’scrowns were so massive and broad, that this species was far more competitive than thePopulus-hybrids. With the exception ofP.‘Fritzi Pauley’, which showed no significant differences between stand types, growth rates reversed for the other threePopulus-hybrids. AF2, Max 1 and Hybride 275 showed up to 75% lower stem volume increment in mixtures compared to pure stands. We assume that, in spite of the initially observed facilitation between the species, the competition exerted byR. pseudoacaciastarted dominating after 4 years and began to surpass the benefits of facilitation.
The utility of the implementation science framework “Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services” (i-PARIHS) and the facilitator role for introducing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in a medical oncology outpatient department
Authors: Roberts Natasha A. , Janda Monika , Stover Angela M. , Alexander Kimberly E. , Wyld David , Mudge Alison ,   the ISOQOL PROMs/PREMs in Clinical Practice Implementation Science Work Group
Published: October 2020

Purpose

We evaluated the utility of the implementation science framework “Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services” (i-PARIHS) for introducing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) into a medical oncology outpatient department. The i-PARIHS framework identifies four core constructs for implementation, including Facilitation, Innovation, Context and Recipients.

Methods

A pilot study used the i-PARIHS framework to identify PROM implementation barriers and enablers to inform facilitation support strategies, such as training clinicians and staff, workflow support, technical support and audit and feedback. Pre- and post-implementation surveys were completed by 83 and 72 staff, respectively, (nurses, doctors and allied health), to assess perceived knowledge, enablers, barriers and utility of PROMs; and acceptability of the PROM intervention was also assessed post-implementation.

Results

Important barriers included time constraints and previous experiences with technology. Enablers included good leadership support and a culture of learning. Facilitation strategies were used to overcome barriers identified in the i-PARIHS core domains. Compared to before the intervention, staff surveys showed improvement in perceived usefulness, perceived understanding and interpretation skills for PROMs. Staff perceptions about lack of time to use PROMs during visits remained a major perceived barrier post-implementation.

Conclusion

The i-PARIHS framework was useful for guiding the implementation of PROMs in routine oncology care. The four core i-PARIHS constructs (Facilitation, Innovation, Context and Recipients) identified factors that directly impacted implementation, with Facilitation having a particularly important role to overcome these barriers. Oncology clinics and health systems considering implementing PROMs should consider having a dedicated Facilitator available during PROM implementation.
Die Inanspruchnahme von präventiven Angeboten durch Migrantinnen und Migranten mit glücksspielspezifischen Problemen
Authors: Lischer Suzanne
Published: October 2020

Ausgangslage

Personen mit Migrationshintergrund nehmen keineswegs öfter an Glücksspielen teil als die einheimische Bevölkerung, es ist aber wahrscheinlich, dass eine gleich häufige Teilnahme an Glücksspielen eher zu glücksspielbedingten Problemen führt.

Zielsetzung

Es wird untersucht, welche Zugangsbarrieren für Migrantinnen und Migranten mit glücksspielbedingten Problemen in Bezug auf die Inanspruchnahme von präventiven Angeboten bestehen und mit welchen Strategien die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Inanspruchnahme ebendieser Angebote erhöht werden kann.

Methode

Die narrative Literaturrecherche umfasst Studien und Übersichtsartikel, die zwischen 2014 und 2019 publiziert wurden.

Ergebnisse

Faktoren, welche Zugangsbarrieren darstellen können, sind Scham, die Angst vor Stigmatisierung und der Wunsch, das Problem selber oder im Kreis der Familie zu lösen. Hinzu kommt, dass glücksspielbedingte Probleme nicht mit Sucht assoziiert werden. Neben sprachlichen Problemen stellen die mangelnde Vertrautheit mit dem Gesundheitssystem sowie das fehlende Verständnis für die angewendeten Konzepte Hürden dar. Vielerorts lässt sich zudem eine mangelhafte Abstimmung des Gesundheitssystems auf die Bedürfnisse der Migrantinnen und Migranten feststellen. Um die Hürden gegenüber präventiven Angeboten zur Reduktion glücksspielbedingter Probleme zu senken, bedarf es eines stärkeren Einbezugs der anvisierten Zielgruppe.

Schlussfolgerungen

In Anlehnung an die Ottawa-Charta müssen partizipative Ansätze weiterentwickelt werden. Je frühzeitiger die Zielgruppen an der Problemdefinition und an der Gestaltung der präventiven Angebote partizipieren, desto niedriger sind die Barrieren, die der Inanspruchnahme dieser Angebote und einer Veränderung von gesundheitsbezogenen Verhaltensweisen entgegenstehen.
Systemische, soziale und emotionale Herausforderungen und Glücksmomente im beruflichen Alltag von haupt- und nebenberuflichen YouTuber*innen
Authors: Albiez Milena
Published: October 2020

Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung in der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation (GIO) war es, die Herausforderungen und Motivationen von YouTuber*innen in ihrer Tätigkeit als Content-Creator herauszufinden und mögliche Ursachen zu benennen. Es konnte anhand von leitfadengestützten Interviews und deren Auswertung dargelegt werden, dass YouTuberinnen und YouTuber in ihrer Tätigkeit als Content Creator auf YouTube mit einem hohen Maß an systemischen, emotionalen und sozialen Belastungen konfrontiert sind. Diese Belastungen führen unter bestimmten Umständen zu einem Erschöpfungszustand oder zum Burnout. Diesen prekären Arbeitssituationen stehen übermäßig positiv beschriebene Glücksmomente gegenüber, die dazu beitragen, dass YouTuber*innen die Tätigkeit weiter fortführen. Die Ursachen dieser Herausforderungen liegen in der Selbstreferenz der Tätigkeit, der Vereinzelung in der Tätigkeit und im Alleinsein in der Tätigkeit, die diese Herausforderungen, als individualisierte Probleme darstellen. Es handelt sich also weniger um individuelle Belastungen, sondern um medientechnologische Umbrüche, sozioökonomischen Veränderungen und Subjektivierung der Arbeitswelt, die dazu geführt haben, dass der Faktor Gruppe in dieser Art von Tätigkeit, zwischen Individuum und Organisation, weniger vorhanden ist.
In search of the good dam: contemporary views on dam planning in Latin America
Authors: Schulz Christopher , Adams William M.
Published: October 2020

Dam planning and construction is notoriously difficult. It is highly complex, involving a multitude of social, environmental, economic and technological questions that often become politicised in the process; negative impacts are often concentrated on small, vulnerable groups within society, while the benefits are typically spread in a much more diffuse pattern; it requires changing riverine ecosystems, often irreversibly so; and it takes a very long time, with often harsh consequences if mistakes are made. These challenges have generated decades of debate around dams and development, yet it is not clear how dam planning and management can be improved. To address this question, the present study used Q methodology to analyse the views of social and environmental researchers on dams in Latin America on the principles that should guide dam development. The Q analysis rendered three idealised viewpoints: The first suggested that defending the rights of vulnerable people should be the main priority, as a counterbalance to the natural bias towards economically and politically powerful actors within the political economy of dam construction. The second implied adoption of a holistic and scientific vision towards dam decision-making and a focus of efforts on perfecting formal procedures and participatory processes to build better dams in the future. The third called into question the need for dams altogether and concentrated attention on invisible and overlooked aspects of dam decision-making, particularly past injustices, and the rights of indigenous communities to determine their own model of development. Each viewpoint represents an alternative vision for future dam planning and clarifies the choices available to policy-makers and development actors. Moreover, viewpoints give insights into the motivations of those who seek to inform debates on dams and development. While they were identified in the context of dam-decision making, our findings may also be relevant to other fields of sustainable development.
Neuroprotective Effect of Fractalkine on Radiation-induced Brain Injury Through Promoting the M2 Polarization of Microglia
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Pan Huijiao , Lin Zhenyu , Xiong Chunjin , Wei Chunhua , Li Huanhuan , Tong Fan , Dong Xiaorong
Published: October 2020

Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a serious complication in cancer patients receiving brain radiotherapy, and accumulating evidence suggests that microglial activation plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Fractalkine (FKN) is a crucial mediator responsible for the biological activity of microglia. In this study, the effect of FKN on activated microglial after irradiation and RIBI was explored and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Our study demonstrated treatment with exogenous FKN diminished radiation-induced production of pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL1-β and TNFα, promoted transformation of microglial M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype after irradiation, and partially recovered the spatial memory of irradiated mice. Furthermore, upregulation of FKN/CX3CR1 via FKN lentivirus promoted radiation-induced microglial M2 transformation in the hippocampus and diminished the spatial memory injury of irradiated mice. Furthermore, while inhibiting the expression of CX3CR1, which exclusively expressed on microglia in the brain, the regulatory effect of FKN on microglia and cognitive ability of mice disappeared after radiation. In conclusion, the FKN could attenuate RIBI through the microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype by binding to CX3CR1 on microglia. Our study unveiled an important role of FKN/CX3CR1 in RIBI, indicating that promotion of FKN/CX3CR1 axis could be a promising strategy for the treatment of RIBI.
Google Earth Imageries for Validating Groundwater Recharge Zone in Basaltic region
Authors: Chaware Snehalata , Patil Nitin , Satpute Gajanan , Apturkar Sanjay , Tingre Anand , Bante Chanchal , Deshkar Bhushan
Published: October 2020

A majority of the existing groundwater potential studies in the literature lack adequate validation. In developing countries, it is attributed to many reasons including- poor/limited data on water yield, sparse spatial and temporal data on wells, lack of data protocol/sharing, a weak ground water governance structure such as disparate agencies, lack of registration/georeferencing of irrigation wells. A rapid, simple and replicable approach is proposed to overcome these difficulties using Google Earth imageries for visual interpretation, interwined with cadastral data and telecommunication for a representative block located in basaltic region of Maharashtra, India. Each of 1684 irrigation well in the study area was enumerated, its irrigation area estimated and verified through available records, field visits, telecommunication with well owners and georeferenced to link with land parcel identification number and build well information system. Functional and defunct wells were distinguished using deacadel timeline data. Nine major biophysical and environmental factors namely geomorphology, soil, land use land cover, slope, lineament density, drainage density, topographical wetness index, curvature and aspect were analyzed to asses the groundwater recharge potential (GWP). The GWP zones were verified using the georeferenced enumeration data on wells, their density and area irrigated per unit well. The number of wells, functional well density followed an order high < moderate < moderate to poor < poor to nil, i.e. highest density (0.034/ha) in high potential zone and lowest density (0/ha) in poor to nil potential zone. Number of defunct wells also exhibited linear correspondence with least share (51%) in ‘high’ potential zone and higher share (76%) in ‘moderate to poor’ potential zone. It is concluded that Google Earth imageries provide direct and conclusive well enumeration, its irrigated area and therby accurate means of evaluating GWP zonation. It has immense potential for use in many countries where historical data are inadequate to assist groundwater management/governance.
Effect of Antecedent Rainfall on Slope Stability- A Case Study of Haflong Hill, North East India
Authors: Deka A. , Daulagupu R. , Brahma H. , Lodger H. , Dutta D.
Published: October 2020

The accurate determination of factor of safety is important to find out the stability of slopes. Out of the many factors which are responsible for slope failure in hilly areas continuous rainfall, particularly, is one of the major important factor responsible for triggering landslide. Slope is an exposed ground surface that stands at an angle with the horizontal. In this study, a part of the hill of Haflong, the head quarter of Dima Hasao district in the state of Assam, India are chosen. Two types of transient analysis i.e., un-coupled analysis and coupled analysis were carried out. The coupled analysis considers the deformation of the soil surface with time when rain water passes through the soil mass. Three slope angles 30°, 45° and 90° were considered for both the case. The results shows that the factor of safety decreases with increase in the period of rainfall and slope angle, whereas the factor of safety increases slightly during coupled analysis which is due to the combined effect of deformation and seepage.
The function and regulation of TET2 in innate immunity and inflammation
Authors: Cong Boyi , Zhang Qian , Cao Xuetao
Published: October 2020

TET2, a member of ten-eleven translocation (TET) family as α-ketoglutarate- and Fe2+-dependent dioxygenase catalyzing the iterative oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), has been widely recognized to be an important regulator for normal hematopoiesis especially myelopoiesis. Mutation and dysregulation of TET2 contribute to the development of multiple hematological malignancies. Recent studies reveal that TET2 also plays an important role in innate immune homeostasis by promoting DNA demethylation or independent of its enzymatic activity. Here, we focus on the functions of TET2 in the initiation and resolution of inflammation through epigenetic regulation and signaling network. In addition, we highlight regulation of TET2 at various molecular levels as well as the correlated inflammatory diseases, which will provide the insight to intervene in the pathological process caused by TET2 dysregulation.
Effects of shade trees on robusta coffee growth, yield and quality. A meta-analysis
Authors: Piato Kevin , Lefort François , Subía Cristian , Caicedo Carlos , Calderón Darío , Pico Jimmy , Norgrove Lindsey
Published: October 2020

Productivity of coffee plantations is threatened by both climate change and decreasing revenues of coffee growers. Using shade trees might protect against temperature variability, erosion and excessive radiation but there may be trade-offs in productivity and quality. While impacts of shade trees on arabica (Coffea arabica) have been reviewed, a global synthesis on robusta (Coffea canephora) coffee is lacking. We assessed how shade affects robusta growth and productivity, and what are the interactions and trade-offs. We conducted a systematic literature search in Web of Science and CAB Abstracts on 16 December 2019. Thirty papers fulfilled our inclusion criteria of being experimental studies on the impact of overstory trees with approximately half being from Brazil or India. Shade improved robusta tree growth and yield with some contrasting effects on physicochemical and biochemical properties. Shade (> 30%) was associated with reduced beverage quality. Significant interactions between shade and location, rainfall level and robusta clone were found. Among the clones tested, 06V, C153, LB1, GG229 and JM2 showed a higher productivity and growth (from + 17 to + 280%) under moderate shade (41–65%). This is the first meta-analysis of the effects of shade on robusta coffee. By synthesizing data from different studies, we highlight for the first time that the effect of shade on robusta coffee depends on tree age. Shade had positive impacts on older robusta trees (mean of 16 years), while the impact of shade on younger trees was either insignificant or negative. We highlight the importance of both clone type and tree ages. Research gaps included a lack of knowledge on the effects of shade with respect to coffee and shade tree age as well as interactive effects. More in-depth studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of how shade trees affect robusta coffee.
Where the rubber meets the road — An integrative review of programmatic assessment in health care professions education
Authors: Schut Suzanne , Maggio Lauren A. , Heeneman Sylvia , Van Tartwijk Jan , Van der Vleuten Cees , Driessen Erik
Published: October 2020

Introduction Programmatic assessment was introduced as an approach to design assessment programmes with the aim to simultaneously optimize the decision-making and learning function of assessment. An integrative review was conducted to review and synthesize results from studies investigating programmatic assessment in health care professions education in practice.

Methods The authors systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and ERIC to identify studies published since 2005 that reported empirical data on programmatic assessment. Characteristics of the included studies were extracted and synthesized, using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results Twenty-seven studies were included, which used quantitative methods (n = 10), qualitative methods (n = 12) or mixed methods (n = 5). Most studies were conducted in clinical settings (77.8%). Programmatic assessment was found to enable meaningful triangulation for robust decision-making and used as a catalyst for learning. However, several problems were identified, including overload in assessment information and the associated workload, counterproductive impact of using strict requirements and summative signals, lack of a shared understanding of the nature and purpose of programmatic assessment, and lack of supportive interpersonal relationships. Thematic analysis revealed that the success and challenges of programmatic assessment were best understood by the interplay between quantity and quality of assessment information, and the influence of social and personal aspects on assessment perceptions.

Conclusion Although some of the evidence may seem compelling to support the effectiveness of programmatic assessment in practice, tensions will emerge when simultaneously stimulating the development of competencies and assessing its result.
One-step synthesis and electromagnetic absorption properties of high entropy rare earth hexaborides (HE REB6) and high entropy rare earth hexaborides/borates (HE REB6/HE REBO3) composite powders
Authors: Zhang Weiming , Zhao Biao , Xiang Huimin , Dai Fu-Zhi , Wu Shijiang , Zhou Yanchun
Published: October 2020

Considering the emergence of severe electromagnetic interference problems, it is vital to develop electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials with high dielectric, magnetic loss and optimized impedance matching. However, realizing the synergistic dielectric and magnetic losses in a single phase material is still a challenge. Herein, high entropy (HE) rare earth hexaborides (REB6) powders with coupling of dielectric and magnetic losses were designed and successfully synthesized through a facial one-step boron carbide reduction method, and the effects of high entropy borates intermedia phases on the EM wave absorption properties were investigated. Five HE REB6 ceramics including (Ce0.2Y0.2Sm0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)B6, (Ce0.2Eu0.2Sm0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)B6, (Ce0.2Y0.2Eu0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)B6, (Ce0.2Y0.2Sm0.2 Eu0.2Yb0.2)B6, and (Nd0.2Y0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2 Yb0.2)B6 possess CsCl-type cubic crystal structure, and their theoretical densities range from 4.84 to 5.25 g/cm3. (Ce0.2Y0.2Sm0.2Er0.2 Yb0.2)B6 powders with the average particle size of 1.86 µm were found to possess the best EM wave absorption properties among these hexaborides. The RLmin value of (Ce0.2Y0.2Sm0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)B6 reaches −33.4 dB at 11.5 GHz at thickness of 2 mm; meanwhile, the optimized effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 3.9 GHz from 13.6 to 17.5 GHz with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The introduction of HE REBO3 (RE = Ce, Y, Sm, Eu, Er, Yb) as intermediate phase will give rise to the mismatching impedance, which will further lead to the reduction of reflection loss. Intriguingly, the HEREB6/HEREBO3 still possess wide effective absorption bandwidth of 4.1 GHz with the relative low thickness of 1.7 mm. Considering the better stability, low density, and good EM wave absorption properties, HE REB6 ceramics are promising as a new type of EM wave absorbing materials.
Optimal preparation of high-entropy boride-silicon carbide ceramics
Authors: Zhang Yan , Sun Shi-Kuan , Guo Wei-Ming , Xu Liang , Zhang Wei , Lin Hua-Tay
Published: October 2020

High-entropy boride-silicon carbide (HEB-SiC) ceramics were fabricated using boride-based powders prepared from borothermal and boro/carbothermal reduction methods. The effects of processing routes (borothermal reduction and boro/carbothermal reduction) on the HEB powders were examined. HEB-SiC ceramics with > 98% theoretical density were prepared by spark plasma sintering at 2000 °C. It was demonstrated that the addition of SiC led to slight coarsening of the microstructure. The HEB-SiC ceramics prepared from boro/carbothermal reduction powders showed a fine-grained microstructure and higher Vickers’ hardness but lower fracture toughness value as compared with the same composition prepared from borothermal reduction powders. These results indicated that the selection of the powder processing method and the addition of SiC phase could contribute to the optimal preparation of high-entropy boride-based ceramics.
Correction to: Perspective and Costing in Cost‑Effectiveness Analysis, 1974–2018
Authors: Kim David D. , Silver Madison C. , Kunst Natalia , Cohen Joshua T. , Ollendorf Daniel A. , Neumann Peter J.
Published: October 2020

The article Perspective and Costing in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
Fibers reinforced composite hydrogels with improved lubrication and load-bearing capacity
Authors: Li Jiawei , Gao Luyao , Xu Rongnian , Ma Shuanhong , Ma Zhengfeng , Liu Yanhua , Wu Yang , Feng Libang , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng
Published: October 2020

Hydrogels as one kind of soft materials with a typical three-dimensional (3D) hydrophilic network have been getting great attention in the field of biolubrication. However, traditional hydrogels commonly show poor tribology performance under high-load conditions because of their poor mechanical strength and toughness. Herein, pure chemical-crosslinking hydrogels mixed with different types of the micron-scale fibers can meet the requirements of strength and toughness for biolubrication materials, meanwhile the corresponding tribology performance improves significantly. In a typical case, three kinds of reinforcement matrix including needle-punched fibers, alginate fibers, and cottons are separately combined with Poly(n-vinyl pyrrolidone)-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PVP-PHEMA) hydrogels to prepare fibers reinforced composite hydrogels. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of fibers reinforced composite hydrogels improve greatly comparable with pure PVP-PHEMA hydrogels. Among three kinds of fibers reinforced composite hydrogel, the as-prepared composite hydrogels reinforced with needle-punched fibers possess the best strength, modulus, and anti-tearing properties. Friction tests indicate that the fibers reinforced composite hydrogels demonstrate stable water-lubrication performance comparable with pure PVP-PHEMA hydrogels. Besides, the hydrogel-spunlace fiber samples show the best load-bearing and anti-wear capacities. The improved tribology performance of the composite hydrogels is highly related to mechanical property and the interaction between the fibers and hydrogel network. Finally, spunlace fibers reinforced hydrogel materials with high load-bearing and low friction properties are expected to be used as novel biomimetic lubrication materials.
State business relations and the dynamics of job flows in Egypt and Turkey
Authors: Ozdamar Oznur , Giovanis Eleftherios , Samuk Sahizer
Published: October 2020

Long-standing challenges concerning unemployment and the role of government have been the dominant underlying themes in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Effective State-Business Relations (SBRs) comprise a set of highly responsive and public interactions between the state and the business sector. The aim of this study is to explore the dynamics of net job creation rates in Egypt and Turkey, and the role of the SBRs, including various firm characteristics. The analysis relies on firm-level data derived from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys over the period 2008–2013. We implement the weighted ordinary least squares (OLS). Furthermore, we apply an Instrumental Variables (IV) Approach and the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method for robustness check, to deal with the potential endogeneity issues coming from the self-reported statements and the possible degree of reverse causality between SBRs and the main outcomes of interest. Our findings suggest four major obstacles to SBRs, with constraints of access to finance and credit and political instability being the common major obstacles in the two countries explored. Corruption and lack of proper infrastructure in electricity in Egypt are found to be the next two main obstacles in SBRs, while tax rates and competition from the informal sector are identified as the other two main obstacles in Turkey. The results show that obstacles in SBRs contribute negatively to the net job creation. According to these findings, policy implications include the need to make SBRs operate more efficiently, investments on proper infrastructure and policies that minimize corruption and political instability.
Targeting Missing Persons Most Likely to Come to Harm Among 92,681 Cases Reported to Devon and Cornwall Police
Authors: Doyle Ryan , Barnes Geoffrey C.
Published: October 2020

Research question

Given the information available to Devon and Cornwall Police at the time when they received a missing person report, which knowable variables indicated increased odds of the person coming to serious harm?

Data

The study examines all 92,681 missing reports received by Devon and Cornwall Police over 11 years from 2008 through 2019, for which 3481 (3.8%) persons came to harm, or about one in 27. Variables known at the time the report was filed included (A) risk levels estimated by police applying the College of Policing risk assessment template (high, medium, low), and (B) the missing person’s age, gender, in-care status, disability, dyslexia, learning disability, hearing or visual impairment, reduced mobility, mental illness, child sexual exploitation risk, reported suicidal, vulnerable adult status and previous reports of being missing.

Methods

Odds ratios are used to estimate differences in likelihood of missing persons coming to harm in a series of single-variable tests. Matrices are used to assess the accuracy of the current risk assessment process used by police services in England and Wales, as applied in Devon and Cornwall. Limited multivariate analysis was undertaken.

Findings

Application of the current College of Policing protocol for risk assessment by subjective professional judgements yields substantial error rates, with 89% of the predicted high risk cases having no actual harm and 59% of cases with actual harm after not being predicted as high risk. The odds of harm based on single variables examined are highly conditional on age and gender as third factors. Both men and women over 18 are 4 times more likely to be harmed (6.8%) than those under age 18 (1.7%).

Conclusions

This study casts substantial doubt on the accuracy of the current subjective risk assessment process for missing persons. As the authorizing body for Approved Professional Practice, the College of Policing could use this evidence to endorse further development and implementation of a multivariate evidence-based risk assessment tool for missing persons that takes into account the age and gender of the missing person as well as all other factors in a single forecasting model.
Measuring What Counts to Advance Indigenous Self-Determination: A Case Study of the Nisg̱a’a Lisims Government’s Quality of Life Framework and Survey
Authors: Bouchard Karen , Perry Adam , West-Johnson Shannon , Rodon Thierry , Vanchu-Orosco Michelle
Published: October 2020

Modern Treaties are presented as a means for improving the lives of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples in Canada by providing specific rights, and negotiated benefits. However, the positive impacts of Modern Treaties on Indigenous well-being are contested (Borrows and Coyle 2017; Coulthard 2014; Guimond et al. 2013; Miller 2009; Poelzer and Coates 2015). Developing a more transparent, consistent, collaborative and contextual way of measuring well-being relevant to the cultural realities of Modern Treaty beneficiaries is an important step for generating comparative methods that could systematically demonstrate whether, and under what conditions, such agreements can effectively reduce socio-economic disparities and improve the quality of life of Indigenous communities. The authors first examine previous attempts at measuring Indigenous well-being, then reflect on well-being in relation to the Modern Treaty context. Subsequently, the authors provide an example from one Self-Governing Indigenous Government, the Nisga’a Lisims Government, to collect well-being data through the Nisga’a Nation Household Survey using a mixed quantitative-qualitative method developed through a culturally grounded and participatory approach.
Profit Based Unit Commitment of Thermal Units with Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles in Power Market
Authors: Vasiyullah S. F. Syed , Bharathidasan S. G.
Published: October 2020

In restructured power system, Generation Companies (GENCOs) has an opportunity to sell power and reserve in power market to earn profit by market clearing process. Defining unit commitment problem in a competitive environment to maximize the profit of GENCOs while satisfying all the network constraints is called Profit Based Unit Commitment problem (PBUC). The main contribution of this paper is modeling and inclusion of Market Clearing Price (MCP) in PBUC problem. In Day market, MCP is determined by market operator which provides maximum social welfare for both GENCOs and Consumers.On other hand this paper proposes a novel combination of solution methodology: Improved Pre-prepared power demand (IPPD) table and Analytical Hierarchy method (AHP) for solving the optimal day ahead scheduling problem as an another contribution. In this method, the status of unit commitment is obtained by IPPD table and AHP provides an optimal solution to PBUC problem. Minimizing total operating cost of thermal units to provide maximum profit to GENCOs is called an optimal day ahead scheduling problem. Also it will be more realistic to redefine this problem to include multiple distributed resources and Electric vehicles with energy storage. Because of any uncertainties or fluctuation of renewable energy resources (RESs), Electric vehicles (EV) can be used as load, energy sources and energy storage. This would reduce cost, emission and to improve system power quality and reliability. So output power of solar (PS), wind output power (PW) and Electric Vehicles power (PEV) are modeled and included into day ahead scheduling problem.The proposed methodology is tested on a standard thermal unit system with or without RESs and EVs. Cost and emission reduction in a smart grid by maximum utilization of EVs and RESs are presented in this literature. It is indicated that the proposed method provides maximum profit to GENCOs when compared to other methodologies such as Memory Management Algorithm, Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Muller method, Gravitational search algorithm etc.
Finding the Most Favorable Timing for Cholecystectomy after Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Tube Placement: An Analysis of Institutional and National Data
Authors: Woodward Steven G. , Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Zheng Richard , McPartland Connor , Tholey Renee , Tatarian Talar , Palazzo Francesco
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Early cholecystectomy (E-CCY; 8 weeks or less) after percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) placement has been associated with increased postoperative complications, but this finding has not been validated at a national level and PCT-related complications and interventions (PCT-RCIs) were not evaluated.

STUDY DESIGN:

Adults with PCT for acute cholecystitis subsequently undergoing CCY were identified within the Nationwide Readmission Database (2010-2015) and our institution (2017-2019). Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) of postoperative complications were estimated using Poisson regression comparing E-CCY with delayed cholecystectomy (D-CCY; more than 8 weeks) within the nationwide cohort. Institutional PCT-RCIs, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were compared between E-CCY and D-CCY using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

RESULTS:

Of 6,145 patients from the Nationwide Readmission Database, 32.9% were D-CCY. Risk-adjusted analysis identified no differences between E-CCY and D-CCY in complications (aRR 0.98; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.07), mortality (aRR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.81), or 30-day readmissions (aRR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.27). Risk-adjusted analyses assessing the association of time to interval cholecystectomy (IC) with morbidity indicated an increased risk of surgical complications in the first month after PCT placement (aRR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.33). In the institutional cohort (E-CCY, n = 23; D-CCY, n = 45), there were no statistically significant differences found in estimated blood loss, length of stay, and postoperative complications. There were increased PCT-RCIs in the D-CCY group (26.9% E-CCY vs 69% D-CCY; p < 0.01) based on our unadjusted analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Increased operative complications when IC is performed within 1 month of PCT placement and increased PCT-RCIs when IC is performed 8 weeks after PCT placement suggest that the most favorable timing for IC is between 4 and 8 weeks after PCT placement.
Age Relations and Cultural Change in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Crosbie Barbara
Published: October 2020

Interactions between age groups were central to major social and cultural developments in eighteenth-century England, and this book serves as a powerful reminder that people lived through not in the past.
Roman Poets in Modern Guise
Authors: Ziolkowski Theodore
Published: October 2020

Identifies and explores Roman modes of poetry as received by twentieth- and twenty-first-century Anglo-American, German, and French poets.