bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The significance of colorectal cancer in the morbidity and mortality of the adult population of the South Banat District in the period from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Perović Aleksandra , Pavlović-Stojanović Jasmina , Lazić Ljiljana , Antonijević-Đorđević Dragana , Bjelica Magdalena , Popov Ivana , Popovski Veronika
Published: December 2020

Introduction/Aim: According to the GLOBOCAN data, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem in the world, because in 2018, 1,849,518 new cases and 880,792 deaths were registered. In Serbia, CRC is the second leading cause of the occurrence of disease in men (after lung cancer), and the third in women (after breast and lung cancer). The aim of this paper is to analyze the trends of outpatient morbidity, hospitalization and death from CRC in the South Banat District in the period 2010-2019. Methods: A descriptive statistical method was used. Data from routine health statistics were analyzed for the period 2010-2019. The indicators of outpatient illness, hospital treatment and death from CRC of the adult population of the South Banat District were monitored. Results: Outpatient and inpatient morbidity rates from CRC in the South Banat District are on the rise. At the annual level, 214 patients were hospitalized in the hospitals Vršac and Pančevo due to CRC. The average age was 66.8 years and the average length of treatment was 8.4 days. Most of the hospitalized people were aged between 60 and 69. Both hospitals had a higher hospitalization rate for men than for women. About 110 people a year in the district lose their lives due to CRC, and the average age of people who died is 75.7 years. The majority of men who died were aged between 70 and 79 (32.7%), while women were aged 80 and more (31.8%). Among the leading causes of death in men, CRC is in the ninth place, while in women in the thirteenth place, and the mortality rate is higher in males. Conclusion: Due to its significant participation in the occurrence of disease and death, CRC represents a major health problem in the population of the South Banat District. In order to improve the health of the population, it is necessary to conduct organized screening for the early detection of CRC in the target population, with more intensive promotion of health and healthy lifestyles to reduce exposure to factors associated with CRC.
Structural and textural features of genetic types of the massive and ice wedges, and the conditions of their formation in the lower reaches of the Gyda River
Authors: Koroleva Ekaterina Sergeevna , Slagoda Elena Adol'fovna , Babkina Elena Alekseevna , Babkin Evgenij Mikhailovich , Tikhonravova Yana Vital'evna , Fakashuk Nikita Yur'evich
Published: December 2020

In the structure of the frozen thickness of the 2nd lake-alluvial terrace of the Gyda River were detected polygonal-wedge, lens massive and lensoid ice were. A detailed analysis of structural and textural peculiarities in the layers was carried out for the first time for these morphological types of underground ice. Based on the cryolithological structure of host rocks and structural-textural features of ice, the main mechanisms of deposit formation – polygonal-wedge, infiltration-segregational, and congelation were determined. The development of polygonal-wedge ice occurred in an alluvial floodplain setting of sedimentation accompanied by the climate fluctuations in the end of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The growth of ice wedge in the second half of the Sartan Period was interrupted under the reservoirs with shallow talik waters, after freezing of which there formed infiltration-segregational lensoid formation ices. The structure of frozen thickness was complicated by the lenses of congelation ice formed in thermoerosive niches in the Holocene optimum of about 6.5 thousand years ago. At the present time is possible the formation of similar types of ice on various sections of the relief. The established peculiarities of cryogenic structure are important for the creation of paleogeographic reconstructions and forecasting the dynamics of permafrost-facies environments accompanied by the modern changes in the depth of the seasonal thaw layer and the development of thermokarst.
Hydrochemical composition of Holocene ice wedges near the town of Anadyr
Authors: Budantseva Nadine Arkad'evna , Vasil'chuk Yurij Kirillovich
Published: December 2020

The research is conducted on the Holocene ice wedges exposed in the outcrop of the first marine terrace near the town of Anadyr, on the east of the Chukchi Peninsula, on the coast of Onemen Bay. Polygonal Relief is clearly traced on the surface of the first sea terrace in the area of explorations, the size of the polygons is about 8x12 m. In the exposed terrace, turf with a capacity of about 1.5 m is striped, underlied with sand clay with  capacity up to 2 m; below is the horizontally-stratified and. Ice wedges are embedded the turf (head of wedges) and in the underlying clay sand. The ice of wedges is vertically stratifies, yellowish gray. Ice wedges are also striped in turf  outcrops with capacity of up to 2.5 m, embedded in form of a lens from the terrace surface. Ice from three most fully exposed ice wedges was sampled for hydrochemical analysis. A total of 20 ice samples were collected from Holocene ice wedges, as well as ice from modern ice veinlet and water from Onemen Bay. It was found that mineralization of the studied Holocene ice wedges is low, does not exceed 80 mg/L, Na+, Ca2+, and Cl- dominate. Similar values of mineralization and ionic composition were obtained for modern ice veinlet. The obtained data correspond with data on ice wedges studied in other regions of Chukotka, both continental and coastal. Mineralization of most of the previously studied ice wedges did not exceed 150 mg/L. Low values of mineralization of ice wedges near Anadyr demonstrate mainly meteoric source of water forming ice, i.e. winter precipitation, prevalence of sodium and chlorine indicates the capture of sea aerosols by precipitation or wind introduction of droplets from the water area of the Onemen Bay to the surface of the snow cover.
Memorias de un confinamiento
Authors: Carreño Rubí
Published: December 2020

En abril del 2020 invité a académicos y estudiantes de distintas latitudes a dejar un registro de lo que yo pensaba sería un semestre único en todos los sentidos del término. Imaginaba que a diciembre que saliera la revista, la pandemia sería un sueño olvidado en medio de la alegría de la vacuna y los reencuentros navideños. Asimismo, quería mostrar que no solo el virus viajaba rápido sino también nuestra posibilidad de reaccionar y hacer una red escrita de afectos que respondiera, letra con letra, al distanciamiento físico. Por primera vez los académicos del norte y los del sur enfrentábamos la misma vulnerabilidad y podríamos sentarnos a la mesa y compartir juntos, aunque fuera, el pan de la incerteza.
Vivir en pandemia: un tiempo falso al que solo los números dan verdad
Authors: Romero Berenice
Published: December 2020

Casi a mitad del año que corre, nos enteramos con mayor certeza que a inicios de diciembre del 2019, se identificaron los primeros casos de neumonía de un agente causal presuntamente desconocido, en Wuhan, China. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) bautizó a este virus como el nuevo Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV). Para el 12 de enero de 2020 el Comité Internacional de Taxonomía de Virus (ICTV) lo nombró como SARS-CoV-2 (Síndrome respiratorio agudo severo Coronavirus 2). El 11 de febrero de 2020 la infección de SARS-CoV-2 fue llamada por la OMS: enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19, por sus siglas en inglés).
Distintos tipos de una pandemia
Authors: de los Ríos Valeria
Published: December 2020

¿Cuánto tiempo ha pasado desde que todo esto empezó? Intento hacer la cuenta, pero a pesar de que las fechas son más o menos claras, la percepción del tiempo en mi memoria resulta borrosa e irreal. El estado de emergencia que se había impuesto ya externamente desde el 18 de octubre, ahora era un estado interno, que nos obligaba al aislamiento y a la modificación de nuestras prácticas, además de sumirnos en un estado de angustia por la incertidumbre y por el temor al contagio.
Discurso al alimón, SOCHEL, Aniversario 40 años
Authors: Areco Macarena , Schoennenbeck Sebastián
Published: December 2020

A nombre de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile y de su Facultad de Letras queremos manifestar nuestra satisfacción por estar inaugurando hoy en nuestra casa de estudios este vigésimo segundo Congreso de la Sociedad Chilena de Estudios Literarios, SOCHEL, Aniversario 40 años, Cartografías e imaginarios de la literatura chilena: espacios, temporalidades y sujetos.
Jorge Asís y la ficción política del yo
Authors: González Carlos Fernández
Published: December 2020

Este artículo examina cómo Jorge Asís articula en las novelas Flores robadas en los jardines de Quilmes, Carne picada y Canguros una relación entre identidad, literatura y política en el contexto argentino del Proceso de Reorganización Nacional iniciado en 1976 y la transición democrática de 1983. La recepción crítica de dichas novelas establece una serie de tensiones entre el “campo intelectual” y el “campo político” (Pierre Bourdieu) proyectadas sobre la figura del autor y su autonomía. Utilizando la noción de “límite del canon” de Nidia Burgos, este artículo analiza cómo las instituciones literarias establecen sus operaciones a partir de escenarios ideológicos específicos. Al mismo tiempo, el doble rol de Jorge Asís como escritor y como político converge en una obra que coloca dicha tensión en su centro estético e ideológico. Finalmente, este artículo muestra el modo en que la obra de Asís confronta, desde la exclusión del canon literario argentino, los límites institucionalizados de una representación literaria de la memoria histórica, política e intelectual relacionada con el Proceso de Reorganización Nacional.
Line × Tester Method Used to Evaluate the Inbred Lines of Field Corn
Authors: Hoque M. M. , Raihan H. Z. , Trina Tanjila Nasreen , Ali Md. Razzab
Published: December 2020

Nineteen selected lines of field corn were crossed in a line × tester method with two testers to produce 38 hybrids during rabi 2018-2019. In the following year, all the hybrids were raised along with five commercial checks in an alpha lattice design with two replications. The lines E34, BML75, BML76, BML249, BIL106, CML465, CML481 and CML487 were better among the parents, showing GCA effects for yield and other traits could be used extensively in hybrid breeding program owing to increase yield. Furthermore, based on mean, SCA effects and standard heterosis of yield value, the crosses BML75 x BIL79, E34XBIL157, BML76 x BIL157 and BML249 x BIL157 were found to be better to increase the grain yield along with other traits and play pivotal role to development of commercial hybrid.
Implications of Philately in Promoting the Protected Natural Areas (IV): Domogled - Cerna Valley National Park
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan-Vasile , Pop Alexandru Leonard , Coman Mirela
Published: December 2020

Romania is a blessed place with many areas of unique beauty, and with the most interesting species of flora and fauna for research - as part of the natural heritage - with places where the spectacle of nature delights your eyes and take your breath with every step. Constantly promoting philatelic themes that use natural wealth and the beauty of our country as subjects, the administrative entity (with various names over time) responsible for issuing postage stamps performs a series of postage stamps in whose images are found rarities of flora and fauna, a miracle of nature. To show that protected natural areas have a special beauty, and to make them known to everyone, in this paper, we bring to the discussion the most significant philatelic peculiarities in the Domogled - Cerna Valley National Park. Also, through this paper, we tried to highlight the main post-philatelic effects (postage stamps, first-day covers - FDCs, illustrated postcards, maximum postcards, occasional envelopes, and other postal circulations), which appeared at the level of Romanian thematic philately, concerning the studied area. Through their prism, we tried to show that besides the role of ambassador of beauties and national heritage, the thematic philately has implications in the protection of species of flora and fauna. About other areas of interest, where the philatelic products were not highlighted, it can be mentioned that in the considered area (Domogled - Cerna Valley National Park) the management of the protected area only had to gain.
GIS Approach for the Analysis of the Socio-Sanitary Stakes of Water Use in the Lobo Watershed in Nibehibe (Central-Western Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Waidhet Arthur Brice Konan- , Toure Fanraban Fabrice , Diarra Ali , Koua Tano Jean Jacques , Koita Mahamadou , Yao Affoue Berthe
Published: December 2020

Water is a precious natural resource that is essential for many uses, but its quality is faced with several problems, including pollution linked to human activities, hence the need to contribute to improving the quality of drinking water. Given the importance of the resource, the health of the population in terms of hygiene needs and the quality of the water consumed is paramount. It is within this framework that this work falls within the scope of this project, the objective of which is to analyze the health impacts to which the populations are exposed due to the use of water in the Lobo watershed in Nibéhibé. To achieve this objective, the working method was based on literature review and field surveys. The documentary research consisted in circumscribing the contours of the subject in order to better understand it. As for the field surveys, they were dominated by interviews and a questionnaire addressed to households and health structures. Using the simple random selection method without discount and the use of a statistical equation, we found a sample of 384 households to be surveyed, distributed in three departments (Daloa, Vavoua and Zoukougbeu). Population surveys, combined with spatially referenced data under GIS, made it possible to assess not only the spatial distribution of the importance of water-related diseases, but also the areas at health risk. The results highlighted health risk indicators that expose households to water-related diseases linked to the mode of water supply. Also, the contraction of these diseases by households is due to the uncontrolled use of multiple uses and the risky behavior of the population with regard to hygiene and sanitation practices. In addition, we note that those in rural areas are the most affected because of the insufficient level of access to drinking water and adequate sanitation. Thus, these diseases cause great loss of human life and contribute to the disorganization of the social structure.
Biology and Morphometrics of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) on Chickpea
Authors: Sathish K. , Jaba J. , Katlam B. P. , Vishal A. , Mishra S. P. , Rana D. K.
Published: December 2020

The biology and morphometrics of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis were studied on chickpea cultivar ICCV 2 under laboratory conditions at ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India during 2018-19 and 2019-2020. The experiments were carried out in the BOD incubator at temperature of 28 ± 2ºC and relative humidity of 65 to 70%. The life cycle of C. chinensis included four stages egg, grub, pupae and adult. The data revealed that eggs incubation period in 4-5 days, the grub stage consisted of four instars and its development ranged from 20-25 days, pupation lasted for 6-7 days, whereas, female adult longevity ranged from 9-12 days. The morphometric measurements revealed that the average length and breadth of eggs were 0.62 ± 0.03mm and 0.34 ± 0.02 mm respectively. The length and breadth (mm) of four grub instars G1, G2, G3 and G4  were 0.58 ± 0.02 and 0.30 ± 0.01, 1.53 ± 0.06 and 0.92 ± 0.04, 2.71 ± 0.10 and 1.47 ± 0.06, 3.59 ± 0.14 and 1.96 ± 0.08 respectively. The average length and breadth of pupa were 3.72 ± 0.12 mm, 2.15 ± 0.09 mm. Whereas, the length and breadth (mm) of  adult male and female bruchids were 3.87 ± 0.08, 2.07 ± 0.05 and 4.23 ± 0.14, 2.31 ± 0.07 respectively. The total life cycle of C. chinensis ranged from 33-42 days.
Study of the Antibacterial Activity of a New Prolonged-Release Dental Dosage form Containing Doxycycline and Lidocaine
Authors: Birtia Gourishankar , Mahapatra Santosh Kumar
Published: December 2020

A dental infection, Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness and swelling (inflammation) of your gums. Gingivitis is able to escort to much more grave gum disease (periodontitis) and eventual tooth loss. To treat dental problems painkillers along with antibiotics and some dental paints are the commonly prescribed But the common side effects of most of the painkillers are hyperacidity and gastric irritation most antibiotics due to slow onset of action and hepatic “first-pass” effect fail to produce prompt and prolong actions. Moreover, most of the dental formulations are washed out by saliva within a few hours of application. Hypothesis of the study is that if a soft moldable gummy material containing analgesic as well as antibiotic drugs is attached to an offending tooth and sustained drug release occurs from it, a extended local action of the drugs is achieved. Ethyl cellulose, gum tragacanth, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, PEG-400 and carbopol 934 were used to prepare denticap containing Doxycycline hydrate and lidocaine.
Multiplicite de la phosphatase alcaline cerebrale de differentes especes
Authors: Brunel Claude , Cathala Guy
Published: July 2002

Furthermore two of the three components separated in sheep brain differ in their Michaelis constants using β‐glycerophosphate as substrate, whereas the two pig brain components are not different in this respect. This supports the view of two alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in sheep brain.
Second symposium on biochemical aspects of steroid research
Authors: Träger L.
Published: July 2002

The presentations at the Symposium were arranged in the following sessions: (1) sterol biosynthesis and interactions of microorganisms with steroids; (2) steroid transforming enzymes; (3) applications of immobilized biocatalysts; (4) central regulation by steroids; (5) biosynthesis and metabolism; (6) mode of action of steroids. Especially the poster presentations covered clinical and pharmaceutical aspects of sterols and steroids.
Identification of cytochromes o and a3 as functional terminal oxidases in the thermophilic bacterium, PS3
Authors: Poole Robert K. , Scott Robert I. , Baines Baldev S. , Salmon Ian , Lloyd David
Published: July 2002

Low‐temperature photodissociation spectra of membranes from the thermophile PS3 reveal cytochromes o and a
3. The latter reacts with O2 at −103°C to give a light‐insensitive compound(s), but the initial stages of O2 binding to cytochrome o could not be studied under these conditions. Photochemical action spectra identify cytochromes a
3 and o, but not a CO‐binding c‐type cytochrome, as functional terminal oxidases in this bacterium.
Staphylococcal nuclease and its complexes with nucleotidic inhibitors
Authors: Cozzone Patrick J. , Kaptein Robert
Published: July 2002

A laser photo‐CIDNP study at 360 MHz of Staphylococcal nuclease shows that calcium binding induces a switch in the accessibility of Tyr85 and Tyr115. This switch, which can be reverted by subsequent addition of pdTp inhibitor, might be relevant to the induction of nucleolytic activity upon calcium binding. The conformations of the ternary complexes of calcium (containing nuclease with pdTp, dTpCH2dTp and dTpCH2dTpCH2dT) are very similar and are interpreted in terms of comparable binding patterns at the active site of the enzyme.
Phosphofructokinase is a calmodulin binding protein
Authors: Mayr Georg W. , Heilmeyer Ludwig M.G.
Published: July 2002

A trial to purify myosin light chain kinase from crude myosin led to the isolation of a M
r 85 000 calmodulin binding protein different from this enzyme. Because it showed inherent phosphofructokinase activity we investigated its relation to this enzyme. We demonstrated identity to phosphofructokinase by a close to identical amino acid composition, by antigenic identity and a set of completely identical peptide maps. The calmodulin binding property was also shown for a fraction of the enzyme prepared by standard methods. First experiments show that Ca2+‐calmodulin is a potent regulator of phosphofructokinase polymerization.
Amino acid sequence of a heat‐stable enterotoxin isolated from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain 18D
Authors: Takao Toshifumi , Hitouji Tetsuo , Aimoto Saburo , Shimonishi Yasutsugu , Hara Saburo , Takeda Tae , Takeda Yoshifumi , Miwatani Toshio
Published: July 2002

A heat‐stable enterotoxin produced by a strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 18D was purified by ion‐exchange and reversed‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The amino acid sequence of the purified toxin was determined by Edman‐degradation and a combination of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and carboxypeptidase digestion to be Asn‐Thr‐Phe‐Tyr‐Cys‐Cys‐Glu‐Leu‐Cys‐Cys‐Asn‐Pro‐Ala‐Cys‐Ala‐Gly‐Cys‐Tyr.
Amino acid sequence around the active site cysteine residue of calcium‐activated neutral protease (CANP)
Authors: Suzuki Koichi , Hayashi Hiroaki , Hayashi Tomoko , Iwai Koichi
Published: July 2002

The active site of calcium‐activated neutral protease (CANP) was specifically labeled with iodoacetic acid. The active site hepta peptide was isolated from carboxymethylated CANP after digestion with proteases and the sequence was determined. The sequence indicates that CANP is a thiol protease and its comparison with other thiol proteases is described.
Enzymatic methylation of DNA and poly(dG—dC) · poly(dG—dC) modified by 4‐acetoxyaminoquinoline‐1‐oxide, the ultimate carcinogen of 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide
Authors: Pfohl-Leszkowicz A. , Galiegue-Zouitina S. , Bailleul B. , Loucheux-Lefebvre M.H. , Dirheimer G.
Published: July 2002

Both the initial velocity and the overall methylation of Ac‐4HAQO modified DNA by a calf brain DNA (cytosine‐5‐)‐methyltransferase are increased as compared to native DNA. The affinity of the modified DNA for the enzyme decreases as a function of the extent of the modification. Heat‐denatured, single‐stranded DNA shows exactly the opposite results; the more it is modified, the less it is methylated. The poly(dG—dC) · poly(dG—dC) modified by 4NQO is as well methylated as the non‐modified one. The carcinogen may induce a tertiary structure favouring the ‘walking’ of the enzyme along the DNA. The hypermethylation caused by this carcinogen could have a significance in gene activity and cellular differentiation.
Interaction of trifluoperazine with Tetrahymena calmodulin
Authors: Shimizu Toru , Hatano Masahiro , Muto Yoshinori , Nozawa Yoshinori
Published: July 2002

We have used 19F NMR to study interactions of trifluoperazine (TFP), a potent calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, with Tetrahymena calmodulin (Tet. CaM). Changes in chemical shift and bandwidth of TFP caused by adding Tet. CaM in the presence of excess Ca2+ were much smaller than those by adding porcine CaM. The spectral features of the TFP—Tet. CaM solution in the presence of excess Ca2+ were quite similar to those of the TFP—porcine CaM solution in the absence of Ca2+. The exchange rate of TFP from Tet. CaM was estimated to be nearly 20 s−1. The TFP—Tet. CaM solution in the absence of Ca2+ showed a pronounced pH dependence of the 19F NMR chemical shift, whereas the solution in the presence of excess Ca2+ showed a smaller pH dependence. Thus, it was suggested that TFP is located near a hydrophilic region of the Tet. CaM molecule in the absence of Ca2+, while TFP is located near a hydrophobic region of the Tet. CaM in the presence of excess Ca2+.
ATP and other purine nucleotides stimulate the inactivation of ornithine transcarbamylase by broken lysosomes
Authors: Navarro Alfonso , Grisolía Santiago
Published: July 2002

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) is very stable in rat liver homogenates, or mitochondria. However, pure OTC from rat or beef liver is inactivated by broken lysosomes. ATP and a number of purine nucleotides, particularly ϵ‐ATP, stimulate the inactivation of OTC by broken lysosomes. Inactivation of OTC by trypsin and elastase is also stimulated by ϵ‐ATP. Carbamoyl phosphate protects OTC against proteolytic attack by elastase or by broken lysosomes. Thus, environmental factors, e.g., ATP and carbamoyl phosphate, appear to influence OTC stability to proteases.
Culture of the terminally differentiated ventricular cardiac muscle cell
Authors: Claycomb William C. , Burns Alastair H. , Shepherd Raymond E.
Published: July 2002

This stimulation is potentiated by 1‐isobutyl‐3‐methylxanthine and inhibited by 1‐propranolol.
Reduction of daunorubicin aqueous solutions by COO.− free radicals
Authors: Houée-Levin C. , Gardès-Albert M. , Ferradini C.
Published: July 2002

Daunorubicin aqueous solutions were reduced by COO− free radicals produced by γ‐radiolysis. This reaction leads to 7‐deoxyaglycon daunomycinone. Added before irradiation, H2O2 oxidizes hydroquinone daunorubicin giving back the drug directly and thus preventing C‐O bond cleavage. The implications of this reaction on the mechanism of the reductive cleavage are discussed.
Chromatin‐bound and free RNA polymerase A activities in rat thymus cells following glucocorticoid treatment
Authors: Dembinski Thomas C.
Published: July 2002

Treatment of rat thymus cell suspensions with dexamethasone resulted in inhibition of engaged RNA polymerase A, without significant change in free pool activity. Studies with the re‐initiation inhibitor, rifamycin AF/0–13, and measurements of numbers of RNA polymerase A molecules and of elongation rates showed that the inhibition of pre‐rRNA synthesis resulted from a decrease in elongation rate. This effect was selectively abolished by mild proteolysis of nuclei. It is concluded that glucocorticoid treatment of rat thymus cells suppresses 45 S rRNA synthesis primarily by decreasing the polyribonucleotide elongation rate, rather than by effecting a change in enzyme redistribution or concentration.
Single‐turnover flash‐induced ATP synthesis in photosystem I‐enriched subchloroplast vesicles
Authors: De Wolf F.A. , Galmiche J.M. , Kraayenhof R. , Girault G.
Published: July 2002

Flash‐induced ATP synthesis coupled to cyclic electron flow in photosystem I‐enriched subchloroplast vesicles was studied by continuous registration of luciferin‐luciferase luminescence. Cyclic electron flow was elicited in the presence of the artificial mediator phenazine methosulphate or of native ferredoxin, the latter redox‐poised by NADPH and oxygen. ATP hydrolysis is observed in dark‐adapted vesicles in the presence of ferredoxin without requirement for previous activation of the ATPases. Ferredoxin‐catalyzed ATP synthesis proceeds at a constant (maximal) rate between NADPH/O2; ratios of 1.5 and 11. It was sensitive to FCCP, DCCD, DBMIB, DNP‐INT and HQNO, but not to antimycin A.
Isolation of the aspartokinase domain of bifunctional aspartokinase I‐homoserine dehydrogenase I from E.coli K12
Authors: Veron Michel , Guillou Yvonne , Cohen Georges N.
Published: July 2002

A proteolytic fragment (M
r ~ 25 000) carrying only the aspartokinase activity has been purified by chromatofocusing after limited proteolysis of aspartokinase I‐homoserine dehydrogenase I from E.coli K12. The NH2‐terminal sequence shows that it corresponds to the amino terminal peptide of the native enzyme. The results confirm a previous hypothesis about the organization of native aspartokinase I‐homoserine dehydrogenase I.
3‐Hydroxyacyl‐CoA epimerase is a peroxisomal enzyme and therefore not involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Chu Chin-hung , Schulz Horst
Published: July 2002

The subcellular location of 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA epimerase (EC 5.1.2.3) was studied by differential centrifugation and Percoll density gradient centrifugation of a rat liver homogenate. The enzyme was found to be associated with peroxisomes but not with mitochondria. This observation proves that 3‐hydroxy‐acyl‐CoA epimerase does not function in mitochondrial β‐oxidation ofpolyunsaturated fatty acids which are degraded by a modified pathway.
Replacement of Mn(III) with Cu(II) in Bacillus stearothermophilus superoxide dismutase
Authors: Bannister Joe V. , Desideri Alessandro , Rotilio Giuseppe
Published: July 2002

Copper(II) was substituted for manganese(III) in Bacillus stearothermophilus Mn‐superoxide dismutase. The (EPR) spectrum of the Cu(II) is distinctly rhombic, overlapping that of Cu(II) replacing zinc in copper/zinc Superoxide dismutase. The copper‐cyanide complex of the bacterial enzyme gives an EPR spectrum nearly identical to the cyanide‐copper complex of the Cu/Zn enzyme, indicating three nitrogens as metal ligands. These results support the suggestion that metal coordination in B. stearothermophilus Mn‐dismutase is a tetrahedral arrangement of three imidazoles and a carboxylate group and indicate copper as a good spectroscopic probe for studying the active site of Mn‐ and Fe‐superoxide dismutases.
Reduction of the metallochromic indicators arsenazo III and antipyrylazo III to their free radical metabolites by cytoplasmic enzymes
Authors: Moreno Silvia N.J. , Mason Ronald P. , Docampo Roberto
Published: July 2002

At a concentration much lower than that usually employed for measuring cytosolic ionized Ca2+ concentrations, arsenazo III underwent a one‐electron reduction by rat liver cytosolic fraction or a hypoxanthinexanthine oxidase system to produce an azo anion radical metabolite. NADH, NADPH, N1‐methylnicotinamide, hypoxanthine, and xanthine, in that order, could serve as a source of reducing equivalents for the production of this free radical by the cytosolic fraction. The steady‐state concentration of the azo anion radical and the arsenazo III‐stimulated O2 consumption were enhanced by calcium and magnesium. Antipyrylazo III was ineffective in increasing O2 consumption by rat liver cytosolic fraction and gave a much weaker ESR signal of an azo anion radical with both the liver cytosolic fraction, in the presence of NADH, and the hypoxanthine‐xanthine oxidase system.
Modulation of a major 30‐kDa skeletal muscle protein by thyroid hormone
Authors: Gagnon Jacques , Ho-Kim My Anh , Champagne Chantal , Tremblay Roland R. , Rogers Peter A.
Published: July 2002

Thyroidectomy results in the transformation of type II fibres to type I in rat soleus muscle. In vitro translations containing polyribosomes indicate that the template activity of mRNA coding for a 30‐kDa protein is increased in hypothyroid (6 months) rats. The cellular content of this protein is also increased in hypothyroid rats. The in vitro synthesis of the 30‐kDa protein is not observed in thyroidectomized (10 weeks) rats that have been treated with triiodothyronine. The synthesis and accumulation of this protein are directly related to the proportion of type I fibres in rat skeletal muscle and appear to be modulated by thyroid hormone.
Low level of lipid peroxidation in newborn rats
Authors: Devasagayam Thomas P.A.
Published: July 2002

Hepatic rough and smooth microsomes of newborn rats show less sensitivity to ascorbate‐ and NADPH‐induced lipid peroxidation as compared to those of adult rats. Though optimum concentrations of Fe2+, ascorbate and Fe3+ significantly increase lipid peroxidation in both age groups, the lipid peroxidation observed in newborns is much less compared with that of adults. Microsomal fractions from newborn rats contain significantly lower amounts of phospholipid, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome P‐450 and a lower degree of unsaturation in lipids. These fractions also exhibit high cholesterol:phospholipid ratios. The resistance to lipid peroxidation observed in the newborns appears to be due to the low availability of substrate and high cholesterol:phospholipid ratio.
The importance of hydroperoxide activation for the detection and assay of mammalian 5‐lipoxygenase
Authors: Rouzer Carol A. , Samuelsson Bengt
Published: July 2002

Sulfhydryl reagents such as dithiothreitol stabilized human leukocyte 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) during purification. During enzyme assay, however, these reagents led to irreproducible or unexpectedly low activity. This inconsistency in the assay was eliminated by inclusion of hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (1–5 μM) during the reaction which effected a 10–20‐fold stimulation of 5‐LO activity. Structural studies indicated that an intact hydroperoxy function, and a long‐chain fatty acyl moiety were required for 5‐LO stimulation. These data suggest that human leukocyte 5‐LO is activated by hydroperoxy fatty acids, and that this results in a requirement for exogenous hydroperoxide in the presence of sulfhydryl reagents.
Immunological evidence for the presence of the D1 and D2 proteins in PS II cores of higher plants
Authors: Nixon P.J. , Dyer T.A. , Barber J. , Hunter C.N.
Published: July 2002

The psb A and psb
D genes isolated from Poa annua and Triticum aestivum, respectively, have been expressed in Escherichia coli as β‐galactosidase fusion proteins and used to raise antibodies. The antibodies to the psb D gene product cross‐reacted with a lysine containing polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 31 kDa which was present in a PS II core preparation. In contrast, the antibody to thepsb A gene product recognised predominantly, a 34 kDa protein in the PS II core which was insensitive to treatments with a lysine specific protease. It is concluded that the latter polypeptide is the lysine‐free D1 protein and that the antibody raised to the psb D gene product monospecifically reacted with a component presumed to be the D2 protein. It is therefore suggested that the product of the psb D gene, as well as that of the psb A gene, is a component of the PS2 core complex of higher plants.
Action of rat liver cathepsin B on bradykinin and on the oxidized insulin A‐chain
Authors: Brömme Dieter , Steinert Albert , Fittkau Siegfried , Kirschke Heidrun
Published: July 2002

Rat liver cathepsin B was tested for its peptide‐bond specificity against bradykinin and the oxidized insulin A‐chain. Bradykinin was shown to be resistant to the action of cathepsin B. One possible reason for this resistance is the proline content of the peptide and the discrimination against proline residues at three or four subsites of cathepsin B. Oxidized insulin A‐chain was degraded by a peptidyl dipeptidase activity. Three dipeptides were cleaved from the C‐terminal part of the insulin A‐chain after having been incubated for 2 h (molar ration E:S = 1:2800) and six dipeptides were released after a longer digestion (10 h, E:S = 1:575).
The protein receptor for cholerabacteriophage ϕ 149
Authors: Ray Ratna , Ganguly Uma
Published: July 2002

Choleraphage ϕ 149 receptor activity was found in the outer membrane (OM) protein of Vibrio cholerae 154. Receptor protein for phage ϕ149 was separated from trypsin‐treated OM on a Sephadex G‐100 column. Of the three peaks obtained, phage receptor activity was noted only in peak II. SDS‐PAGE showed that the M
r of the protein was 35000. The protein was heat‐labile and protease‐sensitive. The specificity of this protein as choleraphage ϕ 149 receptor was investigated by carrying out a protection experiment by anti‐protein (peak II) rabbit sera.
Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IB3) induced rapid formation of thromboxane B2 in saponin‐permeabilised human platelets: mechanism of IP3 action
Authors: Authi Kalwant S. , Hornby E.J. , Evenden B.J. , Crawford N.
Published: July 2002

The mechanism of IP3‐induced activation of saponin‐permeabilised platelets has been examined. Saponin permeabilisation resulted in the leakage of low‐M
r substances into and from the cells without loss of cytoplasmic proteins. Addition of IP3 rapidly induced a dose‐related formation of thromboxane B2 and release into the medium, leading to the responses of shape change, aggregation and [14C]5HT release. These responses were inhibited by the thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist AH23848. The IP3‐induced release of 4Ca from intracellular stores was not affected by indomethacin. Synthesis of thromboxane was inhibited if Ca2+ elevation was prevented by using Ca‐EGTA buffers during permeabilisation. These studies indicate that IP3‐induced activation was due to Ca2+ mobilisation leading to phospholipase activation and thromboxane synthesis.
Kinetic analysis of proton translocation catalyzed by F0F1 ATPase
Authors: Muneyuki Eiro , Hirata Hajime
Published: July 2002

Kinetic analysis of both proton translocating and steady‐state ATP hydrolytic activities catalyzed by F0F1 ATPase in submitochondrial particles were carried out over an ATP concentration range of 1–2000 μM. The results were examined in relation to the prediction based on the alternate binding change model proposed by Gresser et al. [(1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12030–12038] in which energy transduction occurs only at the tri‐site catalytic cycle. The present results essentially contrast with the model and rather indicate that if the alternate binding mechanism holds for the ATP hydrolytic reaction, the proton translocation should be coupled to at least both bi‐site tri‐site cycles.
Crystallization and crystal data on tyrosine phenol‐lyase
Authors: Demidkina T.Y. , Myagkikh I.V. , Antson A.A. , Harutyunyan E.H.
Published: July 2002

Crystals of the apoenzyme of tyrosine phenol‐lyase (EC 4.1.99.2), a pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzyme from Citrobacter intermedius, have been grown by vapor diffusion of an ammonium sulfate solution to a protein solution. The crystals belong to space group P21212, with dimensions of a = 75.5 Å, b = 138.4 Å and c = 94.1 Å and diffract up to 2.7 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit contains one half of the enzyme tetrameric molecule. Two heavy‐atom derivatives of the crystals have been obtained.
Improvement in HPLC fractionation of thyroxine‐containing thyroglobulin tryptic peptides by prior Accell ion‐exchange column chromatography
Authors: Miguel J. , Asuncion M. , Marin C. , Seguido A. , Lamas L. , Mendez E.
Published: July 2002

The isolation and purification of the peptides containing the hormonogenic tyrosyl residues in thyroglobulin is of great interest to the understanding of structure‐function relationships in this iodoprotein. This is usually performed in reduced alkylated selectively hydrolyzed thyroglobulin by subsequent HPLC fractionation. However, the main difficulty encountered when trying to isolate these peptides is their disproportion with respect to the total number of possible peptides (14 vs a total of 508). Several HPLC runs with different mobile phases are necessary and each run is accompanied with significant losses of the peptides to be purified. In an attempt to improve the separation of the T4‐containing peptides in thyroglobulin tryptic digests from the much more abundant iodotyrosine‐containing ones, which are present as contaminants, we have used a very simple and fast step prior to the HPLC fractionation as it is a self‐packed ion‐exchange column chromatography. This preliminary step results in an improvement in the separation of these peptides and leads to a relative enrichment of the hormonogenic peptides falling in different zones of the HPLC chromatogram, which facilitates their subsequent separation and purification by HPLC.
The cupric site in nitrous oxide reductase contains a mixed‐valence [Cu(II),Cu(I)] binuclear center: A multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance investigation
Authors: Kroneck Peter M.H. , Antholine William A. , Riester Joachim , Zumft Walter G.
Published: July 2002

Multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the Cu(II) site in nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR) from Pseudomonas stutzeri confirm the assignment of the low field g value at 2.18 consistent with the seven line pattern observed at 9.31 GHz, 10 K. S‐band spectra at 20 K are better resolved than the X‐band spectra recorded at 10 K. The features observed at 2.4, 3.4, 9.31 and 35 GHz are explained by a mixed‐valence [Cu(1.5)..Cu(1.5)] S= 1/2 species with the unpaired electron delocalized between two equivalent Cu nuclei. The resemblance of the N2OR S‐band spectra to the spectra for the EPR‐detectable Cu of cytochrome c oxidase suggests that the S‐band spectrum for cytochrome c oxidase measured below 30 K may also contain hyperfine splittings from two approximately equivalent Cu nuclei.
Recombinant human interleukin 6 (B‐cell stimulatory factor 2) is a potent inducer of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1)
Authors: Miyaura Chisato , Onozaki Kikuo , Akiyama Yukio , Taniyama Tadayoshi , Hirano Toshio , Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Suda Tatsuo
Published: July 2002

Recombinant human interleukin 6 (IL‐6), a lymphokine involved in the final differentiation of activated B‐cells into antibody‐forming cells, greatly suppressed proliferation and induced differentiation of murine myeloid leukemia cells (M1) into mature macrophage‐like cells. When M1 cells were treated with IL‐6, their growth was completely arrested as early as on day 2, and they were induced to differentiate morphologically into macrophage‐like cells. Differentiation‐associated properties such as phagocytic activity, adherence to the dish surface, Fc and C3 receptors, were also induced within 24 h by IL‐6, and they reached their respective maximal levels on day 2 or 3. The potency of IL‐6 in suppressing proliferation and inducing differentiation was much greater than that of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 one of the most potent inducers of M1 cells. The present report indicates that IL‐6 is involved in the differentiation of not only B‐cells but also myeloid leukemia cells.
Nuclear GTP‐binding proteins of Swiss 3T3 cells
Authors: Takeda Shizu , Sugiyama Hiromi , Natori Shunji , Sekimizu Kazuhisa
Published: July 2002

The GTP‐binding proteins of Swiss 3T3 cell nuclei were analyzed by filter binding assay and UV cross‐linking analysis. The results showed the presence of multiple GTP‐binding proteins in the nuclei. Scatchard analysis revealed that the K
d value for GTP binding to high‐affinity components was 69 nM, that to low‐affinity components being 2.7 μM. The GTP‐binding activities of some nuclear proteins were found to change significantly in response to the growth conditions of the cells. During culture of cells in medium without serum, the GTP‐binding activity of a 140 kDa protein clearly decreased, whereas that of a 40 kDa protein increased.
The constituents of storage granules in the dermal glands of Xenopus laevis Structure of a basic polypeptide deduced from cloned cDNA
Authors: Berger Hans , Kreil Günther
Published: July 2002

Mature dermal glands of Xenopus laevis contain storage granules with a characteristic ellipsoid shape. A few major proteins are present in these granules, including two with the same amino‐terminal sequence and apparent molecular masses of 26 and 28 kDa. Using antibodies against these proteins, positive clones were isolated from a cDNA expression library prepared from skin of X. laevis. One cDNA encodes a preprotein with a typical signal sequence and a mature part of 187 amino acids. The protein shows internal homology at both the amino and carboxyl end. The latter part has a very high content of basic amino acids.
Transcriptional characteristics of in vitro assembled chromatin assayed by microinjection into Xenopus laevis oocytes
Authors: Steinbeißer Herbert , Hofmann Ansgar , Oudet Pierre , Trendelenburg Michael F.
Published: July 2002

Plasmid DNA was in vitro assembled into chromatin using an S‐150 extract of Xenopus laevis oocytes. By varying the assembly temperature and DNA concentration it is possible to generate fully or partially assembled molecules. The fate of the in vitro preassembled molecules injected into X. laevis oocyte nuclei and their transcriptional activity were studied. Completely reconstituted molecules underwent a rearrangement of their chromatin structure after injection and showed reduced transcriptional activity compared to protein‐free DNA or partially reconstituted chromatin.
The role of ubiquinones in the regulation of lipid metabolism in rat thymocytes
Authors: Novoselova E.G.
Published: July 2002

The effect of ubiquinones Q‐1, Q‐2, Q‐8 and Q‐9 on lipid metabolism in rat thymocytes in vitro was studied. The cells were incubated in a medium containing ubiquinones within the concentration range from 1 to 1OOμM. A 2‐fold decreased cholesterol synthesis was observed in thymocytes incubated with ubiquinone Q‐9 at a concentration of exogenous ubiquinone of no less than 40 μM. Incubation of thymocytes with ubiquinones UQ‐1 and UQ‐2 that are characteristic of rats (40 μM and 100 μM) resulted in a decrease of cholesterol synthesis. Ubiquinone‐8 had a tendency to inhibit the cholesterogenesis in rat thymocytes.
Effective method for obtaining long nucleotide chains on partially complementary templates Processed bovine γ‐interferon gene obtained from human γ‐interferon gene
Authors: Rostapshov V.M. , Chernov I.P. , Azhikina T.L. , Borodin A.M. , Sverdlov E.D.
Published: July 2002

The method of obtaining the bovine γ‐interferon gene by means of simultaneous multidirected mutagenesis of the human γ‐interferon gene is presented. The first strand of the bovine γ‐interferon gene was obtained by ligation of synthetic oligonucleotides, using the cDNA of human γ‐interferon, cloned in the single‐stranded phage M13mpl9 as a template. The second strand was synthesized using a large fragment of E. coli DNA‐polymerase 1. The double‐stranded gene was then treated by restriction nucleases and cloned in a pUC‐ 18 derived vector. The primary structure was confirmed by sequencing.
Immuno‐crossreactivity between botulinum neurotoxin type C1 or D and exoenzyme C3
Authors: Toratani Satoshi , Yokosawa Noriko , Yokosawa Hideyoshi , Ishii Shin-ichi , Oguma Keiji
Published: July 2002

Botulinum neurotoxin type D and exoenzyme C3 have been separately purified from Clostridium botulinum strain D‐1873 to apparent homogeneity. Both ADP‐ribosylated a rat liver cytosolic protein of 24 kDa. The N‐terminal amino acid sequence of C3 was determined and showed a low degree of homology with those of the light and heavy chains of neurotoxins of various types which have been reported previously. However, a polyclonal antibody raised against C3 cross‐reacted with the light chains, but not with the heavy chains, of type C1 and D neurotoxins. Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody recognizing the light chains of type C1 and D neurotoxins interacted with C3. These results suggest that the light chain of type C1 or D neurotoxin and exoenzyme C3 share at least one epitope in common with each other.
Utilization of alanine for glucose formation in isolated rabbit kidney‐cortex tubules
Authors: Zabłocki Krzysztof , Bryła Jadwiga
Published: July 2002

In kidney cortex tubules isolated from fed rabbits L‐alanine is not utilized as glucose precursor, when added as a sole substrate. However, this amino acid decreases gluconeogenesis from low (up to 1 mM) 2‐oxoglutarate concentrations and stimulates this process at higher (2.5–10 mM) ketoacid contents in the suspension medium. Aminooxyacetate, an inhibitor of aminotransferases, abolishes both inhibitory and stimulatory effects of L‐alanine on glucose formation. The addition of 2‐oxoglutarate increases the incorporation of L‐[U‐14C]alanine to glucose from 8‐ to 123‐fold, depending upon the ketoacid and alanine concentrations used. In contrast, nonlabelled L‐alanine decreases the incorporation of low [U‐14C)2‐oxoglutarate concentrations into glucose, while it does not affect contribution of 5 mM ketoacid to gluconeogenesis. The data indicate that (i) in the presence of 2‐oxoglutarate L‐alanine is utilized as glucose precursor in rabbit renal tubules and (ii) this amino acid may decrease the contribution of low extracellular concentrations of the ketoacid to gluconeogenesis.