bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voltammetric Assessment of Paracetamol on a CuONPs – MWCNTs Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Hegde Rajesh , Poojary Vishwanatha , Kamath Kiran
Published: August 2024

In this work, an electrochemical sensor using differential pulse voltammetric method for the assessment of antipyretic and analgesic drug, paracetamol was developed. The CuO nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) fabricated with the suspension of CuO nanoparticles (CuONPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used. The fabricated electrode was characterized using Potassium ferricyanide as a redox probe, which showed increase in the electro active area in the modified electrode. The modified electrode showed improved anodic peak current enhancement in phosphate buffer solution. The consequence of pH of supporting electrolyte and amount of nanoparticles suspension were investigated at a physiological pH of 7.4. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the fabricated electrode showed linear dynamic range from 9 to 160 nM of paracetamol concentration. From the calibration plot, the computed detection limit was 5.06nM and quantification limit was16.88 nM. The developed method was checked for its reproducibility and assay during a day and intraday as well and the results were good with permitted range of errors. The developed process was fruitfully applied to detect paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations.
Constructing Global Identity Through Creative Linguistic and Artistic Branding of African Countries’ Monikers
Authors: Kalokola Nasibu , Nnko Elirehema
Published: August 2024

This qualitative study investigated into the complex dynamics of African nation monikers and their profound implications for national identity and international branding. The purpose of the research was to examine the interplay between linguistic inventiveness and artistic representation in 54 African nations, exploring how these components contributed to shaping global perceptions. Adopting a content analysis approach, the study systematically investigated linguistic nuances and artistic depictions associated with each nation's moniker. The population comprised the 54 diverse African nations, ensuring a purposive and representative sampling approach that considered linguistic, cultural, and geographical variations. Data was sourced from official documents, historical records, and public discourse surrounding each nation's moniker, with a focus on linguistic analysis from official statements, literature, and media representations. Artistic representations were examined through visual sources such as national emblems, flags, and associated symbols. The findings revealed a complex tapestry of linguistic features firmly anchored in cultural and historical contexts. Artistic depictions, including visual metaphors and symbols, contributed significantly to each nation's unique character. Notable examples included Nigeria's "The Giant of Africa" and South Africa's "The Rainbow Nation." Recommendations emphasized the strategic use of linguistic and artistic components to enhance international image, recognizing their critical role in shaping global perceptions of African nations. The study also acknowledged its limitations and proposed directions for future research, offering valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics of language and creative expression in constructing national identity on the global stage.
Study on Vertical Distribution of Sediment Concentration in the Tidal Estuary
Authors: Shi Yingbiao , Cheng Wenlong , He Kun , Zhang Jun
Published: August 2024

The vertical distribution of sediment concentration in estuaries is the core issue of suspended sediment transport. At present, there are many researches on the vertical distribution of sediment concentration in rivers, and a lot of results have been achieved, but that in estuaries is seldom studied. The Yellow River Estuary (YRE) and the Qiantang River Estuary (QRE) are typical tidal estuaries with strong erosion/deposition and high concentration in China. Under the action of alternating tidal flow, the suspended sediment transport shows significant time-varying and non-equilibrium transport characteristics. The vertical distribution of sediment concentration is quite different from that of ordinary rivers. This paper analyzes the vertical distribution of sediment concentration under the action of tidal currents based on the theory of sediment movement and diffusion. Compared with equilibrium sediment transport, the vertical distribution of sediment concentration only differs by one vertical distribution coefficient. Based on the analysis of the measured data, it is found that the vertical distribution of sediment concentration in the YRE and QRE is mostly exponential. Firstly, the multivariate relationship between the vertical distribution coefficient and the sediment saturation and suspension index is established by means of the measured water and sediment data of the QRE. The correlation coefficient R2 was above 0.64, which has a good correlation. Finally, the established relationship was validated using measured water and sediment data from the YRE, and the results were basically consistent, indicating that the established formula for vertical distribution of sediment concentration is suitable for general tidal estuaries, and has a certain reference value for the simulation of sediment transport in the YRE and QRE.
The Evangelization of Indigenous People in Spanish America: Motolinía and Las Casas
Authors: Oliveir Maria
Published: August 2024

The aims is to highlight two divergent conceptions regarding the evangelization of the original peoples of Spanish America. In this sense, a comparison is established between the thoughts of the spanish franciscan friar Motolinía with the thoughts of the spanish dominican friar Bartolomé de Las Casas on the topic. The source is the Historia de los indios de la Nueva España (conceived from 1536 to 1541) and the Carta ao Imperador Carlos V (1555) by Motolinía as also the Único mode de atraer a todos los pueblos a la verdadera religion by Las Casas (written between 1523 and 1437). As a theoretical-methodological reference, we use the notions of the russian philosopher of language Mikhail Bakhtin. According to this author, there is only an object of thought and research where there is text. Every text has an author and this author has an intention. There is an interrelationship between the text and the author's context. For the russian philosopher, the work is a statement, as its author is always responding to the works of his predecessors, basing himself on and agreeing with the works of the same current, criticizing and combating the works of opposing currents.
The Impact Analysis of the Relationship Between Foreign Aid and Economic Development in Nigeria
Authors: Ugwuoke Jude
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a proxy for Foreign Aid, alongside other critical economic and political variables, on Nigeria's economic development. Utilizing an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model from 1981 to 2022, it explores the dynamics between FDI, trade openness, unemployment rate, corruption index, inflation rate, political stability, and population growth rate in shaping Nigeria's economic growth trajectory. The findings reveal that FDI significantly contributes to economic development, while trade openness highlights the importance of a conducive external economic environment. Conversely, the adverse effects of inflation and corruption highlight critical challenges that undermine the potential benefits of foreign aid and investment. This study highlights the complex relationship between foreign aid, economic policies, and institutional frameworks. It emphasizes Nigeria's need to bolster governance and macroeconomic stability to optimize the developmental impacts of foreign aid. Through empirical analysis, this research contributes to the discourse on development economics, offering professional insights into the conditions under which foreign aid can effectively foster sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
DNA Sequencing Accurately Diagnosed 146 Cases of Superficial Mycosis
Authors: Wang Runchao , Chen Tingting , Yang Yao , Wang Lingling , Wu Yaqiong , He Yanqing , Jing Haixia
Published: August 2024

Objective: Traditional fungal detection methods, such as fungal microscopy and cultivation, often have drawbacks such as high false negative rates and time-consuming cultivation. Using molecular biology methods for diagnosis can not only be used for identifying fungal strains in cultured colonies, but also for diagnosing diseased tissues, which can shorten the diagnosis time. There is a lack of systematic research on the clinical characteristics, susceptibility factors, and the composition and distribution of pathogenic fungi of superficial mycosis in Shiyan area. In order to understand the relevant situation of superficial mycosis and pathogenic fungi in this area, this study conducted a molecular epidemiological investigation on 146 patients with superficial mycosis who visited our outpatient department. Methods: From January 2022 to December 2022, the typical clinical manifestations of outpatient visits in our department were collected. 146 cases of superficial fungal patients with positive fungal microscopy were cultured and DNA was extracted. PCR technology was applied to compare the products in GeneBank after the amplification of ITS region. Results: A total of 23 pathogenic strains were obtained, including 112 strains of Trichophyton rubrum (76.71%), 5 strains of other dermatophytes (3.42%), 6 strains of Candida species (4.11%), 4 strains of Aspergillus species (2.74%), 8 strains of Cladosporium species (5.48%), and 11 strains of other fungi (7.53%). Conclusions: DNA sequencing combined with traditional fungal microscopic culture is helpful for more accurate diagnosis of superficial mycosis.
The Design and Analysis of the Helical Gear in the Car Gear Box for the Slag Port Transfer
Authors: Kanagaraj Anandan , Pandurangan Senthilkumar , Durai Saravavan , Gopi Arunkumar
Published: August 2024

The design and analysis of helical gears with involutes profiles is the primary focus of this study. The most widely utilized gearing system in use today is the involutes gear profile. Power and torque are typically transmitted through them. When compared to other forms of transmission, the efficiency of power transmission via gears is extremely high. Bending and contact stress are the main causes of gear tooth failure. The current study examines helical gear, which has to do with slag transfer in the steel production sector. The most affected stress concentrated location of any set of gears in the slag port transfer car (SPTC) gear box is identified by examining the contact stresses for the current design set of gears. The high stress concentration gear set was redesigned with a constant (45mm) face width at various Helix angles (14, 15, 16, 17, 19^, 20 ̊, 25^, and 30 ̊) and a constant pressure angle (20). To calculate the contact stresses between two gears that are mating. The robust and cutting-edge solid modeling program AUTODESK FUSION 360 creates a three-dimensional solid model. The ANSYS Workbench module was utilized to do the numerical analysis. The outcomes of the workbench module for ANSYS. The current study is helpful in quantifying the previously mentioned factors, which aids in the safe and effective design of the helical gear in the SPTC Gearbox.
The Significance of Food Fortification for Prevention of Major Health Challenges due to Micronutrient Deficiencies (MND) for Under 5 Years Children in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Zahidul , Margana Iffat , Tarik Sabbir , Yeasmin Nilufar , Ahmed Tahfim , Begum Asma
Published: August 2024

Vitamins and minerals, known as micronutrients, are needed in trace levels for healthy growth and development as well as heightened immunity against illness. They need to come from outside sources because the body isn't able to produce them. Inadequate and inappropriate physical and intellectual development results from malnutrition in vulnerable people, including early childhood, expectant and nursing mothers, and the aged people. Meals fortification is a safe and practical way to boost consumption of macronutrients by providing essential nutrients in meals. Long-term developmental goals are impacted by vitamin deficiencies. In order to raise public awareness of the advantages of food fortification, an educational program is required. An extensive summary of Bangladesh's current women's and children's micronutrient deficient status is provided in this article. This study also covers the effectiveness of current intervention programs as well as their current issues. Almost half of all expectant and nursing mothers suffer from anemia. High levels of deficiencies are associated with several critical factors, including sickness, malabsorption, infestation, inadequate nutrition, and poor cleanliness. There have been several attempts at interventions, and some success has been achieved. Issues with coverage, quality, and compliance still exist. Even though severe deficiencies have been somewhat addressed by current intervention initiatives, micronutrient deficiencies in Bangladesh continue to be a major concern. A more comprehensive strategy is required to enhance the current intervention initiatives. Additionally, fresh approaches of intervention are proposed in order to prevent and treat specific micronutrient deficiencies.
To Study the Factors Affecting the Sustainable Employment of Human Resources in the Construction Industry
Authors: Gotov Boldbaatar , Andryei Ayush , Gombodorj Batkhurel
Published: August 2024

Organizational executives have always taken care of the sustainable employment of their employees. It is a part of the responsibility of the manager to form a competent team and team and to continue their sustainable operation. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the construction industry and the mining industry have been investing the most in Mongolia's economy. Stable employment of skilled workers has become the most important factor in creating the image of the country and the comfort of the people. The increase in turnover and turnover of employees not only increases the cost of the organization, but also leads to a lack of skills and knowledge, resulting in a shortage of human resources and a decrease in the ability to overcome competition. In recent years, since the COVID-19, there has been a lot of staff turnover due to the difficult working environment in the construction industry. This article examines the external and internal environmental factors that affect the sustainable employment of construction industry employees and calculates the relationship between them. In the research, a questionnaire survey was taken from construction industry executives, and the results were calculated using SPSS23 and Smart PLS programs. According to the results, the managers believed that the external environment has a strong positive relationship and the internal environment factors have a positive relationship with the sustainable employment of human resources in the construction industry.
Impacts of British Council’s Core Skills Activities on Students-Teachers’ Performance and Whole School Environment in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Ihsan
Published: August 2024

A good teacher can bring more positive changes in the behavior of students, the teacher’s knowledge and skills are important to achieve the required targets of the institution. The researcher aimed to explore the effectiveness and benefits of British Council’s trainings programs, a professionally skillful teacher may impart knowledge and skills to the students. The main objective of the study is to know the impacts of British Council’s Core Skills Activities on the student-teachers’ performance and whole school environment in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It was a descriptive and survey type research. The population of the study was 480 governments male-female primary, middle and high schools and 960 teachers trained by British Council for connecting classrooms Core Skills Activities. The sampling of the study was 200 teachers of 100 randomly selected schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The six core skills are Critical Thinking & Problem Solving, Communication & Collaboration, Creativity & Imagination, Citizenship, Digital Literacy, and Student Leadership & Personal Development. The selected data was properly analyzed, tabulated, explained and interpreted through some statistical tools and a chi square test was used. The major findings showed that British Council is an international organization which works positively for the professional development of teachers and uplift of students. The findings depicted that majority the teachers greed with the statement that British Council Connecting Classrooms activities i.e. Core Skills also called Twenty First Century Skills improved the overall performance of students-teachers and whole school environment. The traditional teaching methodology of teaching was changed to activity and conceptual based teaching. The most important fact was found that critical thinking and problem solving skills was the need of the day, it really develops the thinking approach of the students and teachers. Communication, computer and leadership skills of students were also developed by adapting core skills activities in and outside the class. On the basis of findings some recommendations were made that the Core Skills activities may be embedded by the teachers in school curriculum. Such training session may be provided to all teachers and head teachers by the Elementary & Secondary Education Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa under the supervision of British Council experienced and skillful team.
Improving Irrigation Water Quality with Local Filters in Akungba - Akoko, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Akinbuwa Olumakinde
Published: August 2024

The shortage of freshwater for irrigating vegetables in Akungba Akoko, Nigeria, is a critical concern during the dry season, demanding urgent attention. Local farmers rely heavily on polluted well and stream water for irrigation, which poses significant health risks due to contamination from refuse and pollutants. Addressing this challenge requires the development of a simple, cost-effective treatment facility to remove contaminants and make the water suitable for irrigation. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of a straightforward filtration system using various physical materials to improve water quality. Conducted at Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, the study focused on evaluating granite and river sand filtration on water collected from a local stream at Ibaka, Akungba-Akoko in April 7th, 2023. The filtered and unfiltered waters, categorized as follows: T0 = Borehole water (Control), T1 = Unfiltered water, T2 = water filtered with granite, T3 = water filtered with pure river sand, and T4 = water filtered with combined physical filters were subjected to physicochemical and microbiological analyses to determine its suitability for irrigation purposes. The study revealed that using single or combined physical filtration materials led to a notable decrease in microbial levels in the water samples. Additionally, significant reductions in total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were observed in water filtered through these materials, either alone or in combination. Granite filtration (T2) resulted in notably higher pH (5.57 Ms/cm), EC (172.00 μ. S/cm) and nitrogen (27.00 mg/L) levels, while combined filtration (granite and pure river sand) (T4) showed higher levels of phosphorus (9.35 mg/L). These findings demonstrate the efficacy of both singular and combined physical filtration materials in improving wastewater quality. Thus, employing these filtration methods, either individually or in combination, is recommended for local farmers, especially in Akungba Akoko, South West Nigeria, to enhance water quality for agricultural purposes.
Health literacy development using a short drama programme for dengue fever control in Thailand
Authors: Padchasuwan Natnapa Heebkaew , Junggoth Rittirong , Maneenin Naowarat , Phimha Surachai , Benchamas Jinthapa , Thammasarn Krittiyanee
Published: August 2024

Background:

Dengue is a viral infection that spreads from mosquitoes to people. It is especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. To address the challenges posed by dengue in countries such as Thailand, effective prevention and control to strengthen health literacy at the community level is needed. One way of achieving this goal is to work with village health volunteers (VHVs). This article documents the use of VHVs for dengue fever prevention in Mueang district, Khon Kaen province, northeast Thailand.

Method:

A quasi-experimental study was conducted. The experimental group comprised 45 people who received a programme that aimed to enhance health literacy through the provision of knowledge and social support by community-based volunteers accompanied by a short drama programme. A group of 45 people receiving health services without the drama programme comprised the comparison group. The duration of the activity was 12 weeks. Data were collected by means of a pre- and post-test survey and were analysed using descriptive statistics and a comparison of mean health literacy and practice scores before and after the intervention.

Results:

Following programme delivery, the experimental group had a mean health literacy score which was significantly higher than that of the comparison group, while the mean practice score of the experimental group was also higher than that of the comparison group.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that a health literacy programme which includes a short drama programme could be effective in bringing about desired changes with respect to dengue fever prevention. The programme provided in this study was effective and easy to understand. The model developed here could also be useful in other villages in epidemic areas.
Complex Relationships Between Students' Foreign Language Attitudes and Proficiency Perceptions with Foreign Language Classroom Enjoyment: Insights from Chinese University Students of Japanese
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wang Bo , Jin Yinxing
Published: August 2024

In the present study, we addressed (a) Chinese students’ level of enjoyment in studying Japanese; (b) the independent and interactive predictive associations of student attitudes towards the Japanese language and their perceived Japanese proficiency with their Japanese classroom enjoyment; and (c) gender as a potential moderating variable in these relationships. Three hundred participants completed three questionnaires assessing their attitudes towards the Japanese language, perceived Japanese proficiency, and Japanese classroom enjoyment. Descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis revealed the following: (a) high overall student enjoyment in the Japanese classroom; (b) student attitudes towards both Japanese and their perceived Japanese proficiency were significant positive predictors of their levels of Japanese classroom enjoyment; (c) there was no significant interaction in the relationship between student attitudes towards the Japanese language and their perceived Japanese proficiency and Japanese classroom enjoyment; and (d) gender differences significantly moderated the relationships between perceived Japanese proficiency and Japanese classroom enjoyment, characterized by a stronger relationship among female participants; but gender was not a significant mediator in the relationship between attitudes towards the Japanese language and Japanese classroom enjoyment. We discuss these findings and their pedagogical implications, as well as the limitations of this study and future research directions.
Clinical significance of serum soluble scavenger receptor CD163 in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Liu Yanjie , Li Meiyan , Zhang Huamei , Yin Zhe , Wang Xiaoli
Published: August 2024

Background

The soluble CD163 (sCD163) was elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Purpose

To study whether serum sCD163 could be used to predict the occurrence and prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN).

Research Design

The recruited patients were classified into different groups according to standard identification criteria.

Study Sample

The patients with LN.

Data Collection and Analysis

11 indices were analyzed and compared in SLE and LN patients. Furthermore, the level of serum sCD163 was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, the receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate the prediction effect of sCD163. Additionally, spearman correlation analysis of serum sCD163 with indices was conducted.

Results

There were six positive indices and one negative risk factor correlated to LN. sCD163 was elevated in LN patients and could be used to diagnose LN. Importantly, sCD163 was increased in LN patients with a heavy SLE disease activity index. Finally, it was revealed that the level of sCD163 was higher in the LN patients with no response than that with complete or partial response, which also could predict the prognosis of LN.

Conclusions

Serum sCD163 was elevated in LN patients than in SLE patients, which could be used to predict the occurrence and prognosis of LN.
On Oil Flow and Coral Enclosure: Climate Changes in the Red Sea
Authors: Braverman Irus
Published: August 2024

Drawing on a handful of in-depth interviews with coral scientists, this essay considers two Red Sea stories, the first about oil flow and the second about coral enclosure. These stories demonstrate the varying, at times contradictory, dimensions of flow, underlining its relational significance and how it can only be understood within a particular spatial and temporal context. While the flow of oil is typically seen as positive for global commerce, when viewing it from a climate justice perspective, the value of flow is flipped on its head, turning chokepoints into the positive nodes in the network. The movement or enclosure of Red Sea corals illustrates how climate emergency terraforms political and economic landscapes and the layered complexities that underscore the attempts to govern environmental degradation. At the end of the day, then, the Red Sea brings to bear the complex relationality of governing more-than-human flow at a time of climate changes.
Pinobanksin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through Mitigating the Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Bie Tianmin , Jia Feng , Wang Yongmei , Pan Zhuoyan
Published: August 2024

Background

Stroke is a collection of disorders that develop due to the rapid rupture of blood vessels in the brain or due to the blockage of blood flow. Ischemic stroke (IS) has high mortality as well as morbidity rates.

Purpose

The current work aimed to investigate the neuroprotective activities of pinobanksin against cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (C I/R) injury in a rat model through its anti-inflammatory properties.

Methods

Male Wistar albino rats underwent the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method to initiate I/R injury. The experimental rats were orally treated with pinobanksin at various doses after 2 hours of MCAO operation. The infarct size, neurological score, edema and water content, and Evans blue assay were assessed. The inflammatory cytokines and biomarker (nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)) levels were studied using commercial kits. Histopathological analysis was performed on the brain tissues.

Results

The treatment with pinobanksin successfully mitigated the neurological deficits, edema and water content, infarct size, and Evans blue leakage in the C I/R-induced rats. The pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were reduced and interleukin-10 was increased by the pinobanksin in the I/R rats. The pinobanksin also effectively reduced NF-κB, PGE2, and COX-2 levels in I/R rats. The pinobanksin treatment effectively attenuated the brain histological alterations.

Conclusion

Altogether, this work highlighted the neuroprotective activity of pinobanksin in the C I/R injury in rats. The present findings could aid in the development of pinobanksin as a novel therapeutic intervention to prevent or reduce IS-induced brain injury.
“Wind Therapy” Motorcycling by U.S. Veterans During COVID-19: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Schuman Donna L. , Highfill M. Christine , Alyami Siraj , Ryan Scott D. , Thomas LaTisha , Yblood Jodie , Lampert Jessica , Praetorius Regina T.
Published: August 2024

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, U.S. Veterans struggling with posttraumatic stress found symptom relief outside traditional therapies through participation in therapeutic motorcycling (anecdotally known as “wind therapy”) in the form of solo and group participation. Purpose: We conducted an interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore and understand the healing aspects of “wind therapy” (i.e., therapeutic motorcycling) for Veterans riding to manage combat-related stress symptoms during the pandemic. Methodology: We analyzed data from interviews with 16 Veterans who reported military-related trauma. Findings/Conclusions: We identified five overarching themes and eight subthemes: connection (subthemes: camaraderie, Veteran identity, spirituality); symptom mastery (subthemes: mindfulness and focus, emotional regulation and enhancement, coping with lockdown); thrill and adventure (subthemes: risk and adrenaline, freedom/liberation); nature and sensory engagement; and giving back. Results emphasize that most participants viewed wind therapy as a positive experience that satisfied important needs not met by traditional trauma-focused approaches. Implications: Motorcycle-based adventures can potentially address critical needs for trauma-exposed Veterans that may go unmet, opening a promising avenue for supporting Veterans who might be hesitant to engage in traditional counseling due to stigma or other concerns.
Examining community-level protection from Alaska Native suicide: An Indigenous knowledge-informed extension of the legacy of Michael Chandler and Christopher Lalonde
Authors: Rasmus Stacy , Wexler Lisa , White Lauren , Allen James
Published: August 2024

Chandler and Lalonde broadened the scope of inquiry in suicide research by providing theoretical grounding and empirical support for the role of community, culture, and history in understanding Indigenous youth suicide and reimagining its prevention. Their work pushed the field to consider the intersectional process of individual and collective meaning-making in prevention of Indigenous suicide, together with the central role culture plays in bringing coherence to this process over time. Their innovation shifted the research focus to include the shared histories, contexts, and structures of meaning that shape individual lives and behaviors. We describe here a new generation of research extending their pathbreaking line of inquiry. Recent work aims to identify complex associations between community-level structures and suicidal behavior by collaborating with Alaska Native people from rural communities to describe how community protective factors function as preventative resources in their daily lives. Community engagement and knowledge co-production created a measure of community protection from suicide. Structured interviews with rural Alaska Native community members allowed use of this measure to produce relevant, accessible, and actionable knowledge. Ongoing investigations next seek to describe their mechanisms in shaping young people's lives through a multilevel, mixed-methods community-based study linking community-level protection to protection and well-being of individual youth. These efforts to understand the multiple culture-specific and culturally mediated pathways by which communities build on their strengths, resources, and practices to support Indigenous young people's development and reduce suicide risk are inspired by and expand on Chandler and Lalonde's remarkable legacy.
Long-term results of 292 CarpoFit®-joint replacements for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study with a 10-year follow-up
Authors: Joosten Uwe , Jeys Lee M. , Becker Georg , Grüning Christian , Kusmenkov Thomas , Schober Robert , Joist Alexander
Published: August 2024

We report a prospective consecutive series of CarpoFit® (Implantcast, Buxtehude, Germany) trapeziometacarpal prostheses used between 2006 and 2014 for 292 patients with stage I–III trapeziometacarpal arthritis who remained symptomatic after conservative treatment. Patients were assessed at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively for thumb movement, pinch strength and by validated patient-derived outcome scores and radiographs. Follow-up at 5 and 10 years was by outcome scores alone. Complications and revisions were recorded. Of the patients, 91% were either satisfied or very satisfied with their treatment at 10 years. Pain relief and functional outcomes were significantly improved within 3 months. Results were sustained during the entire observation period. The implant survival was 95% after 10 years. Prosthetic arthroplasty is a reliable treatment option for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis and the CarpoFit® prosthesis has excellent long-term results for patient satisfaction, functional scores and implant survivorship.

Level of evidence: III
Daily Communication Between First-Year College Students and Their Parents: Associations With Perceived Relationship Positivity
Authors: Duckworth Jennifer C. , Bumpus Matthew , Forsythe Katherine M. , Cooper Brittany Rhoades , Hill Laura G.
Published: August 2024

First-year college students are at increased risk for anxiety, depression, and high-risk alcohol use relative to older students. Parents often provide support through communication. We examined several aspects of daily parent-student communication, including quantity, mode, initiation, and content (e.g., perceived support, parental advice, topics discussed), between 367 first-year parent-student dyads (across a 7-day period) and tested for differences by gender, first-generation status, and race-ethnicity. Multilevel models examined between- and within-person associations between communication variables and how the student felt about their relationship with their parent the following day. Results showed students communicated frequently with parents (74% of days) across a variety of modalities, especially via text message, with important demographic differences observed. Any and more communication, perceived support, student honesty, parental advice, and discussing friendships were associated with increased positive feelings about the parent-student relationship the following day at the within-person level. Implications for future research and programming are discussed.
Streptococcal Esophagitis in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Rare Sequelae
Authors: Bathobakae Lefika , Mekheal Nader , Mücahit Derya , Alkomos Mina Fransawy , Farokhian Alisa , Cavanagh Yana , Baddoura Walid
Published: August 2024

Infectious esophagitis (IE) is the leading cause of esophagitis, second only to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Infectious esophagitis is typically observed in immunocompromised individuals due to neutropenia, HIV/AIDS, solid organ malignancies, cancer-directed therapy, or chronic steroid use. The most common causes of IE are herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Candida albicans. Acute bacterial esophagitis is exceedingly rare, particularly in immunocompetent patients. Herein, we describe a unique case of acute streptococcal esophagitis in a male patient with no pertinent medical history. The patient’s substernal chest pain and odynophagia resolved after antibiotic treatment.
Are humans ready for peace? The view from attachment and human system theories
Authors: Farnfield Steve
Published: August 2024

The wars between Russia–Ukraine and HAMAS–Israel have challenged democratic nostrums that violent conflict can be resolved by other means. This paper uses human systems theories to try and answer the question: are humans ready for peace? A scoping review includes international relations, attachment, epigenetics, reproductive competition, group processes, life history, terror management, psychoanalytic and crowd psychology. The material is organised using Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model. Findings suggest humans are no more innately aggressive than they are cooperative. Based on the history and environment of early hominids the fundamental human social system remains that of the tribe, but the intensity and ferocity of modern warfare developed with the nation state. Culture, religion and political ideologies are late additions to human development but hard to change. Conversely gene expression (epigenetics) is actually more responsive to environmental change. Wars will decrease when there is a reproductive advantage in peace. The most promising policy is a global initiative to promote girls’ education. Not that women are any less aggressive than men, but females invest more in protecting their children and with female empowerment so males are more involved in childcare. Both sexes will have a greater investment in resolving conflicts without recourse to war.
Rethinking Employee Experience in the New World of Hybrid Work
Authors: Erickson Robin , Abel Amy Lui
Published: August 2024

In a hybrid working world, companies will have to rethink their employees’ entire experience. Dr. Robin Erickson and Dr. Amy Lui Abel of The Conference Board discuss new approaches to company culture, employee well-being, and support for leadership.
The Internet at 50: Pioneers, Engineers, and Influencers on Its Past and Future
Authors: Corbett Charles J. , Karmarkar Uday S. , Tang Christopher S.
Published: August 2024

When the original founders of the Internet look back over the first 50 years of its existence, what do they think? What are their hopes and fears? How do their perspectives compare with those of investors, academics, entrepreneurs, and influencers? Charles Corbett, Uday Karmarkar, and Christopher Tang offer their own reflections along with a lively summary of a one day event held at UCLA to celebrate the 50th birthday of the Internet.
Beyond Usual: How Leading Firms Diverge from Business as Usual
Authors: Mintz Ofer , Knight Eric
Published: August 2024

Ofer Mintz and Eric Knight draw on their interdisciplinary academic backgrounds and on what they learned as delegates on an innovation mission to Silicon Valley, CA and Seattle, WA to propose six principles firms should use to create industry-changing innovations.
Singapore's AI Applications in the Public Sector: Six Examples
Authors: Miller Steven M.
Published: August 2024

Steven M. Miller describes six instances in which Singapore has applied AI in the public sector, illustrating different ways of improving its engagement with the public by making government services more accessible, anywhere, anytime, and speeding its responses to public processes and feedback. He illustrates how its leaders made the city a living lab for AI use, and what they learned.
Comparing discrete choice and machine learning models in predicting destination choice
Authors: Rahnasto Ilona , Hollestelle Martijn
Published: August 2024

Destination choice modeling has long been dominated by theory-based discrete choice models. Simultaneously, machine learning has demonstrated improved predictive performance to other fields of discrete choice modeling. The objective of this research was to compare machine learning models and a multinomial logit model in predicting destination choice. The models were assessed on their predictive performance using metrics for both binary classification and probabilistic classification. The results indicate that machine learning models, especially a random forest model, could bring improvements in prediction accuracy. The more data was used in training the models, the better the machine learning models tended to perform compared to the multinomial logit model. With less data, the multinomial logit model performed comparatively well. The findings are relevant for the field of destination choice modeling, where evidence on the use of machine learning models is very limited. In addition, the unbalanced choice sets of destination choice models with multiple non-chosen alternatives increases the need for further research in model fit and parameter tuning.
Anthropogenic disturbance has altered the habitat of two Azorean endemic coastal plants
Authors: Rego Rúben M. Correia , Moura Mónica , Olangua-Corral Maria , Roxo Guilherme , Resendes Roberto , Silva Luís
Published: August 2024

Background

Anthropogenic threats are causing alteration of coastal areas worldwide. Most of the coastal biodiversity is endangered, taking a particular toll on island ecosystems, like the Azores. To better understand the biotic and abiotic factors constraining the distribution and conservation status of two endemic plants, Azorina vidalii (Campanulaceae) and Lotus azoricus (Fabaceae), we performed a global survey of coastal plant communities in the archipelago, also covering environmental descriptors, natural and anthropogenic threats. Moreover, we revised their IUCN conservation status and estimated the population fractions within protected areas.

Results

Non-indigenous plants were commonly found in plots with or without the target endemics, contributing to the absence of well-defined coastal plant communities. Nonetheless, indigenous taxa commonly occurred at the plots with L. azoricus. With a larger area of occurrence, A. vidalii ecological niche differed from that of L. azoricus, the latter being restricted to dry and rocky sea cliffs, mostly in Santa Maria Island. Besides the presence of invasive plants, signs of habitat destruction, trampling and grazing, and of natural threats, such as coastal erosion, were commonly observed.

Conclusions

Occurrence data indicated an endangered status for both species, although this would change to critically endangered for L. azoricus when using smaller-sized occurrence cells. Both species are threatened since their habitat is restricted to a very narrow vegetation belt, strongly limited by sea influence and human pressure, and with the frequent presence of invasive plants. While focusing on two endemic plants, our study allowed a broader view of the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on Azorean coastal plant communities.
Universal health coverage saves more lives among severely ill COVID-19 patients: A difference-in-differences analysis of individual patient data in South Korea
Authors: Moon Daseul , Jeon Jeangeun , Park Jieun , Choi Min-Hyeok , Kim Myoung-Hee , Choi Hongjo
Published: August 2024

Background

Universal health coverage (UHC) ensures affordability of a variety of essential health services for the general population. Although UHC could mitigate the harmful effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients and their socioeconomic position, the debate on UHC’s scope and ability to improve health outcomes is ongoing. This study aimed to identify the impact of UHC policy withdrawal on the health outcomes of South Korea’s severely ill COVID-19 patients.

Methods

We used a propensity score matching (PSM) and difference-in-differences combined model. This study’s subjects were 44,552 hospitalized COVID-19 patients contributing towards health insurance claims data, COVID-19 notifications and vaccination data extracted from the National Health Information Database and the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency from 1 December 2020 to 30 April 2022. After PSM, 2460 patients were included. This study’s exposures were severity of illness and UHC policy change. The primary outcome was the case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19, which was defined as death within 30 days of a COVID-19 diagnosis. There were four secondary outcomes, including time interval between diagnosis and hospitalization (days), length of stay (days), total medical expenses (USD) and the time interval between diagnosis and death (days).

Results

After the UHC policy’s withdrawal, the severely ill patients’ CFR increased to 284 per 1000 patients [95% confidence interval (CI) 229.1–338.4], hospitalization days decreased to 9.61 days (95% CI −11.20 to −8.03) and total medical expenses decreased to 5702.73 USD (95% CI −7128.41 to −4202.01) compared with those who were not severely ill.

Conclusions

During the pandemic, UHC may have saved the lives of severely ill COVID-19 patients; therefore, expanding services and financial coverage could be a crucial strategy during public health crises.
Modelling bluetongue and African horse sickness vector (Culicoides spp.) distribution in the Western Cape in South Africa using random forest machine learning
Authors: de Klerk Joanna , Tildesley Michael , Labuschagne Karien , Gorsich Erin
Published: August 2024

Background

Culicoides biting midges exhibit a global spatial distribution and are the main vectors of several viruses of veterinary importance, including bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS). Many environmental and anthropological factors contribute to their ability to live in a variety of habitats, which have the potential to change over the years as the climate changes. Therefore, as new habitats emerge, the risk for new introductions of these diseases of interest to occur increases. The aim of this study was to model distributions for two primary vectors for BT and AHS (Culicoides imicola and Culicoides bolitinos) using random forest (RF) machine learning and explore the relative importance of environmental and anthropological factors in a region of South Africa with frequent AHS and BT outbreaks.

Methods

Culicoides capture data were collected between 1996 and 2022 across 171 different capture locations in the Western Cape. Predictor variables included climate-related variables (temperature, precipitation, humidity), environment-related variables (normalised difference vegetation index—NDVI, soil moisture) and farm-related variables (livestock densities). Random forest (RF) models were developed to explore the spatial distributions of C. imicola, C. bolitinos and a merged species map, where both competent vectors were combined. The maps were then compared to interpolation maps using the same capture data as well as historical locations of BT and AHS outbreaks.

Results

Overall, the RF models performed well with 75.02%, 61.6% and 74.01% variance explained for C. imicola, C. bolitinos and merged species models respectively. Cattle density was the most important predictor for C. imicola and water vapour pressure the most important for C. bolitinos. Compared to interpolation maps, the RF models had higher predictive power throughout most of the year when species were modelled individually; however, when merged, the interpolation maps performed better in all seasons except winter. Finally, midge densities did not show any conclusive correlation with BT or AHS outbreaks.

Conclusion

This study yielded novel insight into the spatial abundance and drivers of abundance of competent vectors of BT and AHS. It also provided valuable data to inform mathematical models exploring disease outbreaks so that Culicoides-transmitted diseases in South Africa can be further analysed.

Graphical Abstract