bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall Erosivity in the Niyang River Basin
Authors: Bai Qingqin , Wang Lei , Cidan Yangzong
Published: August 2024

Rainfall erosivity is a crucial factor in the evaluation of soil erosion, significantly influencing the complex relationships among water, soil, and the environment. Understanding its attributes and variations in space and time is essential for effective water resource management, erosion mitigation, and land-use planning. This paper utilizes daily precipitation data from 123 grid points in the Niyang River Basin, spanning from 2008 to 2016, to calculate rainfall erosivity using a straightforward algorithmic model. Ordinary Kriging was used to examine the spatial and temporal variations in rainfall erosivity, while Spearman’s correlation analysis was employed to examine the relationships between annual rainfall erosivity and various factors, including multi-year average precipitation, erosive rainfall, dry-season rainfall, wet-season rainfall, temperature, and elevation. The results indicate a year-by-year increase in rainfall erosivity in the basin, with a trend towards stabilization. The average annual rainfall erosivity over the years is 711 MJ·mm·hm−2·h−1, peaking at 1098 MJ·mm·hm−2·h−1 in 2014. A significant 93.9% of rainfall erosivity is concentrated in the wet season, with a maximum of 191 MJ·mm·hm−2·h−1 in July. The left bank of the mainstream, especially the central and lower sections of the main river and its tributaries, experiences the highest rainfall erosivity. Rainfall factors predominantly influence erosivity, with erosive rainfall showing the strongest correlation (rho = 0.93), while temperature and elevation have relatively minor effects. This study enhances the understanding of rainfall erosive forces in the plateau region and provides a scientific basis for predicting soil loss, developing effective erosion control measures, and ensuring sustainable land use.
Etiology, Diagnostic, and Rehabilitative Methods for Children with Central Auditory Processing Disorders—A Scoping Review
Authors: Konopka Andrzej Karol , Kasprzyk Anna , Pyttel Julia , Chmielik Lechosław Paweł , Niedzielski Artur
Published: August 2024

APD (auditory processing disorders) is defined as difficulties in processing auditory stimuli within the central nervous system, with normative physical hearing and intellectual disabilities excluded. The scale of this phenomenon among children and adolescents and the need to raise awareness of its occurrence prompted the authors to review currently available diagnostic and therapeutic methods, as well as outline future directions for addressing children affected by APD.
A New Suppression Index Calculation Using the Visually Enhanced Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Suppression Paradigms in the Video Head Impulse Test
Authors: Prieto-Matos Carlos , Rey-Martínez Jorge , Pérez-Fernández Nicolás
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to calculate the gains of the quantified visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (qVVOR) and the quantified vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression (qVORS), using a specific system to generate a visual suppression index (SI) in healthy subjects obtained through the gains of qVVOR and qVORS, and to determine the normal values of the index, as well as the influence of age and sex variables on the SI. Methods. This prospective observational clinical study includes 83 healthy subjects who underwent the head impulse and suppression tests (HIMP and SHIMP, respectively), qVVOR, and qVORS tests, all of the vHIT. The sinusoidal tests (qVVOR and qVORS) were conducted at an intended frequency of 0.75 Hz. The gains of these tests were calculated using a system specifically designed for this purpose. A formula for the SI was established using a ratio of the gains from these tests. Two SI values are presented: unilateral, distinct for each direction of head movement, and bilateral, representing the suppression of both sides simultaneously. Results. Mean gains for the qVVORs were 0.981 ± 0.070 and 0.978 ± 0.077 for the rightwards and leftwards qVVORs, respectively. The gains for the suppressed tests were 0.334 ± 0.112 and 0.353 ± 0.110 for the rightwards and leftwards qVORSs, respectively. A difference of 0.05 Hz was observed between the expected (0.75 Hz) and the obtained frequency of head movement, which is statistically significant (p < 0.001). The SI was 0.342 ± 0.118 for the right side (right SI) and 0.363 ± 0.117 for the left side (left SI). The bilateral SI had a mean value of 0.295 ± 0.104. No significant differences in the SI were noted according to the subject’s age. The SI for women was lower than in the case of males. Conclusions: The VVOR/VORS quantification algorithm allows for the reliable calculation of the numerical gain of qVVOR and qVORS with mathematical soundness and consistency of results. Our data support the use of a single or specific measure for direction of head movement; although significant differences exist, these differences are not clinically relevant.
Design and Implementation of a Non-Destructive AC Heating System for Lithium-Ion Battery Modules
Authors: Xu Qian , Wang Xueyuan , Fan Wenjun , Wei Xuezhe , Dai Haifeng
Published: August 2024

The electrification of transportation is experiencing rapid development. Electric bicycles (e-bikes) are commonly employed as convenient modes of transportation. Thanks to the advantages of long life and high energy density, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in e-bikes. In certain business models, e-bikes can utilize rental LIBs, which are centrally managed at charging stations. The low-temperature charging and discharging performance of the LIB system poses a significant challenge during usage. Among various heating methods, alternating current (AC) heating has garnered attention due to its high efficiency and has been applied to quickly warm up the LIB system. To address this issue, an AC heating model was established to determine the appropriate frequency and magnitude of the current, and a prototype AC heating system for the LIB modules used in e-bikes was designed. A full-bridge topology system model was established, and an experimental platform was constructed to test the effectiveness of the proposed AC heating topology and thermoelectric model under different AC heating frequencies and currents. The results show that the proposed AC heating system can heat an 18650 battery module within 20 min. Under an ambient temperature of −20 °C, using a 10 A, a 100 Hz excitation current achieves a heating rate of 1.3 °C per minute, with minimum power losses. The prototype also has a fast response time of only 70 ms. Finally, the strategies of LIB heating and insulation are proposed for the scenario of a battery swapping station. This research holds great significance in resolving the problem of low-temperature heating for e-bikes in cold regions.
Understanding the Mellowing Effect of Bottle Aging on the Sensory Perceptions of Varietal Dry White Wines
Authors: Marasà Giovanni , Ferreira Joana , Mota Mariana , Malfeito-Ferreira Manuel
Published: August 2024

The aging ability of dry white wines has been increasingly recognized. The present work aimed to identify which sensory features drive their quality assessment by experienced tasters. Individuals assessed several sensory attributes, using dark tasting glasses. Wines originated from the grape varieties Alvarinho, Arinto, Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Bianco with a wide range of ages. Basic physical–chemical analysis, browning (Abs 420 nm), elemental composition and a partial volatile fraction were also determined. The overall quality scores were a function of complexity and balance and were negatively influenced by the perception of faultiness. The aging process could be associated with a continuous sensory space characterized by a declining perception of freshness and an intensification in the mellowed flavors. Despite their age, wines were characterized by an austere perception caused by their acidity, saltiness, bitterness, smoothness and dryness. Nevertheless, quality scores were similar from the youngest to the oldest tasted wines (17 years old). The exception was a Sauvignon Blanc wine from a recent vintage that was judged as faulty due to the perception of earthiness. Overall, the tasted wines displayed an unexpected aging ability as demonstrated by the difference between the predicted and real wine ages. To improve the recognition of old wines, the metaphor “mellowed by age” is proposed to describe flavors resulting from beneficial aging instead of “oxidized by age”.
Phytochemical Composition, In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Lawsonia inermis Linn Leaves Extracts against Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-Producing Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Mustapha Adam , AlSharksi Ahmed , Eze Ukpai , Samaila Rahma , Ukwah Boniface , Anyiam Arinze , Samarasinghe Shivanthi , Ibrahim Musa
Published: August 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium in the Enterobacteriaceae family associated with a wide range of diseases, such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis and urinary tract infections. Infections caused by drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae pose a significant threat to the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. Hence, this has led to the need to explore alternative antimicrobial therapies, especially natural products derived from plant sources. This study assessed the phytochemical composition and antibacterial properties and performed a molecular docking analysis of Henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) extracts on strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Crude ethanol and methanol extracts of L. inermis L. were prepared at different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/mL) and tested on extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Phytocompounds were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and further subjected to virtual ligands screening with DataWarrior (v05.02.01) and a molecular docking analysis using AutoDock4.2 (v4.2.6). The active compounds of L. inermis L. were determined by the docking analysis, including phytochemical, physicochemical, pharmacokinetics and docking score. The GC-MS analysis identified 27 phytoconstituents, including ethyl acetate, sclareol, 2-[1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-9-[β-d-ribofuranosyl] hypoxanthine, α-bisabolol and 2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl 3-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxobutyl)-coumarin-4-yl carbonate. The 27 compounds were then screened for their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The results revealed that the methanol extracts at 100 mg/mL showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) zones of inhibition (13.7 ± 1.2 mm), while the ethanol extracts at 50 mg/mL were significantly lower (6.3 ± 0.6 mm) compared to all the other treatments. The docking analysis revealed that out of the 27 compounds identified, only twelve (12) compounds have a drug-likeness activity. The 12 compounds were further subjected to docking analysis to determine the binding energies with the CTX-M protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Only one compound [CID_440869; (2-[1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-9-[β-d-ribofuranosyl] hypoxanthine)] had the best binding energy of −9.76 kcal/mol; hence, it can be considered a potentially suitable treatment for infections caused by ESBLs-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study has demonstrated that L. inermis L. extracts have antibacterial effects. Further research could explore the potential antimicrobial applications of L. inermis L. extracts to many bacterial strains.
Evaluation of Different Visual Feedback Methods for Brain—Computer Interfaces (BCI) Based on Code-Modulated Visual Evoked Potentials (cVEP)
Authors: Fodor Milán András , Herschel Hannah , Cantürk Atilla , Heisenberg Gernot , Volosyak Ivan
Published: August 2024

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) enable direct communication between the brain and external devices using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. BCIs based on code-modulated visual evoked potentials (cVEPs) are based on visual stimuli, thus appropriate visual feedback on the interface is crucial for an effective BCI system. Many previous studies have demonstrated that implementing visual feedback can improve information transfer rate (ITR) and reduce fatigue. This research compares a dynamic interface, where target boxes change their sizes based on detection certainty, with a threshold bar interface in a three-step cVEP speller. In this study, we found that both interfaces perform well, with slight variations in accuracy, ITR, and output characters per minute (OCM). Notably, some participants showed significant performance improvements with the dynamic interface and found it less distracting compared to the threshold bars. These results suggest that while average performance metrics are similar, the dynamic interface can provide significant benefits for certain users. This study underscores the potential for personalized interface choices to enhance BCI user experience and performance. By improving user friendliness, performance, and reducing distraction, dynamic visual feedback could optimize BCI technology for a broader range of users.
Value of Glycemic Indices for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Deininger Matthias Manfred , Weiss Miriam , Wied Stephanie , Schlycht Alexandra , Haehn Nico , Marx Gernot , Hoellig Anke , Schubert Gerrit Alexander , Breuer Thomas
Published: August 2024

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a severe complication following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), linked to poor functional outcomes and prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Timely DCI diagnosis is crucial but remains challenging. Dysregulated blood glucose, commonly observed after aSAH, may impair the constant glucose supply that is vital for brain function, potentially contributing to DCI. This study aimed to assess whether glucose indices could help identify at-risk patients and improve DCI detection. This retrospective, single-center observational study examined 151 aSAH patients between 2016 and 2019. Additionally, 70 of these (46.4%) developed DCI and 81 did not (no-DCI). To determine the value of glycemic indices for DCI, they were analyzed separately in patients in the period before (pre-DCI) and after DCI (post-DCI). The time-weighted average glucose (TWAG, p = 0.024), mean blood glucose (p = 0.033), and novel time-unified dysglycemic rate (TUDR140, calculated as the ratio of dysglycemic to total periods within a glucose target range of 70–140 mg/dL, p = 0.042), showed significantly higher values in the pre-DCI period of the DCI group than in the no-DCI group. In the time-series analysis, significant increases in TWAG and TUDR140 were observed at the DCI onset. In conclusion, DCI patients showed elevated blood glucose levels before and a further increase at the DCI onset. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings, as this retrospective, single-center study cannot completely exclude confounders and limitations. In the future blood glucose indices might become valuable parameters in multiparametric models to identify patients at risk and detect DCI onset earlier.
Virtual Reality-Based Psychoeducation for Dementia Caregivers: The Link between Caregivers’ Characteristics and Their Sense of Presence
Authors: Morganti Francesca , Gattuso Maria , Singh Solorzano Claudio , Bonomini Cristina , Rosini Sandra , Ferrari Clarissa , Pievani Michela , Festari Cristina
Published: August 2024

In neuropsychology and clinical psychology, the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) experiences for knowledge acquisition and the potential for modifying conduct are well documented. Consequently, the scope of VR experiences for educational purposes has expanded in the health field in recent years. In this study, we sought to assess the effectiveness of ViveDe in a psychoeducational caregiver program. ViveDe is a VR application that presents users with possible daily life situations from the perspective of individuals with dementia. These situations can be experienced in immersive mode through 360° video. This research aimed to ascertain the associations between the sense of presence that can be achieved in VR and some users’ psychological characteristics, such as distress and empathetic disposition. The study involved 36 informal caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. These participants were assessed using scales of anxiety and depression, perceived stress, empathy, and emotional regulation. They were asked to participate in a six-session psychoeducation program conducted online on dementia topics, in addition to experiencing the ViveDe application. The immersive VR sessions enabled the caregivers to directly experience the symptoms of dementia (e.g., spatial disorientation, agnosia, difficulty in problem-solving, and anomia) in everyday and social settings. The results indicated that although the experience in ViveDe (evaluated using the XRPS scale and five questions about emotional attunement) showed efficacy in producing a sense of first-person participation in the symptoms of dementia, further research is needed to confirm this. The structural equation model provided evidence that the characteristics of individuals who enjoy the VR experience play a determining role in the perceived sense of presence, which in turn affects the efficacy of the VR experience as a psychoeducational tool. Further research will be conducted to ascertain the potential role of these elements in conveying change in the caregivers of people with dementia. This will help us study the long-term effectiveness of a large-scale psychoeducation program in VR.
Understanding Trauma in IPV: Distinguishing Complex PTSD, PTSD, and BPD in Victims and Offenders
Authors: Pugliese Erica , Visco-Comandini Federica , Papa Carolina , Ciringione Luciana , Cornacchia Lucia , Gino Fabiana , Cannito Loreta , Fadda Stefania , Mancini Francesco
Published: August 2024

This work aims to shed light on the differential diagnosis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) within the context of intimate partner violence (IPV), which represents a highly innovative field of clinical research. To this end, a critical review of the literature was conducted to identify and compare the clinical patterns and symptomatic overlaps among cPTSD, PTSD, and BPD, with an emphasis on their manifestation in both IPV victims and offenders. The results show that despite some symptomatic similarities, cPTSD, PTSD, and BPD have distinct clinical patterns of interpersonal violence. Specifically, disturbances in self-organization (DSO) are more commonly found in offenders, while the diagnosis of cPTSD seems more aligned with the psychological functioning of victims. In addition, cPTSD and specific characteristics of BPD, such as fear of rejection and instability of identity, constitute risk factors for IPV victimization. cPTSD is shown as a predisposing factor not only for IPV victims but also for offenders, while PTSD emerges as a consequential factor. The specific pathways linking PTSD, cPTSD, and BPD with IPV have significant implications for clinical practice. Further research is needed to understand these profiles and the mechanisms linking trauma-related features to IPV, which is crucial for implementing effective violence prevention programs.
Factors Influencing Intentions of People with Hearing Impairments to Use Augmented Reality Glasses as Hearing Aids
Authors: Deng Liyuan , Chen Jiangjie , Li Dongning
Published: August 2024

The advent and progression of AR (augmented reality) technology, coupled with the emergence of AR hearing aid glasses, offer a novel opportunity for people with hearing impairments (PHI). This study aims to explore the intention of this population to employ AR hearing aid glasses as their choice of hearing aid device and the specific factors influencing their preference. This study utilized the partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM) analytical method to create structural equation model for intentions of PHI to use AR glasses as hearing aids. Data were gathered from on-site experiences across multiple locations; a total of 189 valid questionnaires from individuals with varying degrees of hearing disabilities were used for statistical analysis. According to the data analysis results, we discovered that functionality quality, perceived interaction speed, and perceived usability significantly influence communication effectiveness. Further, communication effectiveness positively influences confidence and societal perception, and the latter has a positive impact on information. Both of these factors positively influence behavioral intention. Based on these findings, this study offers design recommendations for AR hearing aid glasses to cater to the specific needs of PHI, aiming to enhance their quality of life. Furthermore, this study provides pivotal insights for the prospective growth of this emerging industry.
Behavioral Intentions to Donate Blood: The Interplay of Personality, Emotional Arousals, and the Moderating Effect of Altruistic versus Egoistic Messages on Young Adults
Authors: Balaskas Stefanos , Rigou Maria , Xenos Michalis , Mallas Andreas
Published: August 2024

Human blood is one of the most valuable and irreplaceable goods in modern medicine. Although its necessity increases daily, one of the most significant challenges we have to overcome is a scarcity of willing blood donors. Volunteer motives and attitudes have been studied for decades, but it is now considered vital to grasp the many aspects that will increase the effectiveness of attracting new blood donors. This study focuses on the impact of emotional arousal produced by advertising messages, as well as the determining role of altruistic and egoistic incentives in deciding behavior. We also incorporated the element of personality to investigate how personality traits influence behavioral intention to donate blood. To this end, a quantitative non-experimental correlational 2 × 2 experimental design (positive vs. negative emotional appeal; altruistic vs. egoistic message) was implemented with the participation of 462 respondents who were shown a total of 12 advertisements (ads) promoting blood donation. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, with a focus on the direct impacts on donation intentions, the role of emotional arousals and attitude towards the ads as mediators and the moderating effect of the message. The empirical results of our hypotheses revealed that only Honesty–Humility had a strong direct impact on behavioral intention to donate, while Emotionality and Agreeableness did not have any direct effect. On the other hand, attitudes towards advertisements significantly and directly influenced positive and negative emotional arousals, respectively. Furthermore, if we consider these two variables alone, they can be found to exert a direct impact on BI. Mediation analysis showed that attitudes towards the advertisements and emotional arousals partially mediated the relation between Honesty-Humility and Behavioral Intention, thus confirming partial mediation. With respect to Emotionality and Agreeableness, mediation was found to be full since these factors only affected BI through a mediated path, which confirmed full mediation. Furthermore, the moderation analysis highlighted that the type of message (altruistic vs. egoistic) significantly moderated the relationship between both emotional arousals and BI. In particular, positive emotional arousal’s influence is strengthened when it is aligned with altruistic messages, while negative emotional arousal’s influence is weakened if it follows an altruistic message. These findings illustrate that using positive emotions will be more beneficial for increasing people’s donation intentions than bringing negative ones, which implies that message framing has a hidden impact on donation decisions.
Digital Platform for the Prevention of Suicidal Behaviour and Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries in Adolescents: The SmartCrisis-Teen Study Protocol
Authors: Abascal-Peiró Sofía , Peñuelas-Calvo Inmaculada , Alacreu-Crespo Adrian , Sáiz Pilar Alejandra , De la Torre-Luque Alejandro , Ruiz-Veguilla Miguel , Barrigón María Luisa , Courtet Philippe , López-Castroman Jorge , Baca-García Enrique , Porras-Segovia Alejandro
Published: August 2024

Suicidal behavior and Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries (NSSIs) are a major health problem in the adolescent population. New technologies can contribute to the development of innovative interventions in suicide prevention. Here, we present the SmartCrisis-Teen study protocol. The study consists of a randomized clinical trial which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital safety plan to prevent suicidal behavior and NSSIs in adolescents. This is a multicentric study which will be conducted among the adolescent population, both in clinical and student settings, with a target sample of 1080 participants. The intervention group will receive an Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) consisting of a digital safety plan on their mobile phone. All participants will receive their Treatment As Usual (TAU). Participants will be followed for six months, with weekly and monthly telephone visits and face-to-face visits at three and six months. Participants will be assessed using traditional questionnaires as well as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and Implicit Association Tests (IATs). With this intervention, we expect a reduction in NSSIs through the acquisition of coping strategies and a decrease in suicidal behavior over the course of follow-up. This study provides a novel, scalable digital intervention for preventing suicidal behavior and NSSIs in adolescents, which could contribute to improving adolescent mental health outcomes globally.
Relationship between Playing Musical Instruments and Subjective Well-Being: Enjoyment of Playing Instruments Scale
Authors: Zhang Qian , Park Alexander , Suh Kyung-Hyun
Published: August 2024

While the positive effects of listening to music on mental health and well-being have been extensively studied, the effects of enjoying playing musical instruments have rarely been examined. Many tools have been developed to measure music listening; however, tools to measure the enjoyment of playing instruments have not yet been developed. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to measure such enjoyment and to examine its relationship with subjective well-being and happiness. Primary information about the aforementioned enjoyment were collected from fourteen Chinese laypersons, five music graduates, and five music teachers using open-ended questions. Item and exploratory factor analyses were conducted using data from 361 Chinese adults, and the reliability and validity of the scale and the relationships between the variables were analyzed using data from 277 Chinese adults. The results revealed that the three-factor model for the enjoyment of playing instruments demonstrated excellent model fit, and satisfactory internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and criterion-related validity were demonstrated for the learning/social bonds, achievement/pride, and cognitive refreshment/stimulation subscales. All subscales of enjoyment were positively correlated with subjective well-being and happiness. This study highlights the usefulness of the Enjoyment of Playing Instruments Scale (EPIS) as a measure for research, educational, and clinical use, providing a rationale for using instrument playing as a therapeutic approach to promote subjective well-being.
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Lovebird Scale
Authors: Cloonan Sara , Ault Lara , Weihs Karen L. , Lane Richard D.
Published: August 2024

The term “lovebirds” is often used to describe the loving behaviors and interactions between two romantic partners, but what specific processes distinguish these flourishing lovebird relationships from other committed but “numbed” relationships? The present study aimed to address this knowledge gap through the development and preliminary validation of the Lovebird Scale. The Lovebird Scale describes the thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and habits that constitute and maintain relationship flourishing, which in turn could promote aspects of individual flourishing such as positive affect. We conducted three studies using data collected from 996 English-speaking U.S. adults (64.2% Female, M = 39.2 years old) who reported being in a romantic relationship for at least six months (M = 11.2 years). In Study 1, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to determine the underlying factor structure. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analyses revealed a three-factor model nested within a higher-order factor representing lovebird relationships. In Study 3, we cross-validated the higher-order structure, examined the construct validity of the scale, and explored associations between the Lovebird Scale and affective state. Finally, we discuss how the Lovebird Scale contributes to the growing field of positive relationship science as well as conceptual and clinical implications of the scale.
Project Performance Comparison of Public–Private Partnership (P3) Highway Projects against Design Build (DB) and Design Bid Build (DBB) Highway Projects
Authors: Shrestha Bandana , Shrestha Pramen P.
Published: August 2024

Public–private partnerships (P3s) have gained prominence in both developed and developing nations over recent decades. P3 contracts have been used in a broad spectrum of infrastructure sectors in the United States. However, it is important to demonstrate how P3 projects compare in terms of cost and schedule to traditional project delivery methods to make more informed choices when selecting a delivery method in infrastructure construction. This research focused on benchmarking the project performances of P3 highway projects against design-build (DB) and design-bid-build (DBB) highway projects by analyzing cost growth and schedule growth for highway projects undertaken using P3, DB, and DBB project delivery. Statistical tests revealed that P3 highway projects had a mean cost growth of 2.12%, whereas DB projects experienced 8.95% growth, and DBB projects 7.27%. Furthermore, the mean schedule growth for P3 highway projects was 0.59%, compared to 37.94% for DB projects and 31.39% for DBB projects. The research results can provide valuable insights to assist decision-making processes for future projects, which can be particularly useful for government agencies, private companies, and other stakeholders involved in infrastructure development. Furthermore, the stakeholders can make more informed choices when selecting a delivery method with the identified performance comparison findings, potentially reducing the likelihood of project disputes and failures.
Socio-Ecological Factors in Building a Healthy Community: A Comparative Study of Healthy Community Assessment Standards
Authors: Zhao Jiaying , Chen Yang , Zhang Pan
Published: August 2024

Healthy community assessment standards significantly influence community design and planning and are an important measure of a community’s ability to support health and well-being. Previous studies have mostly focused on built-environment indicators. However, building a healthy community is a complex issue involving multiple dimensions and factors. The consideration of the full range of health promotion factors is the key to determining their potential impact on individuals’ health. It is necessary to consider multiple perspectives to deepen the understanding of community health influences and enhance the effectiveness of the implementation of the assessment standards. The socio-ecological model (SEM) provides a critical framework for understanding the multiple influences on individual health. In this study, a two-dimensional interdisciplinary analytical framework of “socio-ecological factors–development goals” is developed by integrating development goals that summarize building considerations in assessment standards. Contextual analysis is used to examine the provisions of the following assessment standards: Assessment Standard for Healthy Community (ASHC), Assessment Standard for Healthy Retrofitting of Existing Residential Area (ASHRERA), WELL Community Standard (WELL), and Fitwel Certification System of Community (Fitwel). The results show that community and organization factors are used more than interpersonal and policy factors among the four standards. Humanistic constructions lack attention in the ASHC and ASHRERA standards compared with the other standards. The differences between the four standards indicate that there is a need to focus on regional features and develop locally adapted interventions. This study offers a novel exploration of the potential effectiveness of healthy community assessment standards from a multidisciplinary perspective. The results of this study support standard-setters and planners in the development of interventions to improve building healthy communities using intersectionality frameworks.
Research on the Design of Green Roofs for Office Buildings in Xuzhou Based on Building Energy Consumption Evaluation
Authors: Duan Zhongcheng , Chen Mingxue , Li Haoran , Bu Xuanxuan , Yao Gang
Published: August 2024

The roof is the part of a building that is exposed to solar radiation for the longest period, making green roofs particularly effective in reducing air conditioning energy consumption during the summer. This study aims to assess the advantages of modular green roofs in terms of energy savings and cost reduction during the summer in Xuzhou. By conducting field measurements and surveys under both air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned conditions and utilizing building energy simulation tools, the performance of green roofs with different parameters was compared. Using EnergyPlus, factors such as soil thickness, thermal conductivity, and leaf area index were simulated. The results indicated that green roofs have superior thermal performance in summer, with the daily cooling load per unit area for top-floor rooms being 1.05 kWh/m2, 0.21 kWh/m2 lower than that for bare roofs, achieving an energy saving rate of 16.7%. It is recommended that soil thickness not exceed 0.3 m and insulation thickness not exceed 0.05 m or be set to 0 m. Take building no. 2 of the Xuzhou material market as an example: with the optimized green roof, the energy saving rate increased to 27.0%, which is 12.4% higher than that of the original green roof. The suggested cost for modular green roofs is 204 RMB/m2.
A Systematic Review of the Evolution of the Concept of Resilience in the Construction Industry
Authors: Li Jinjing , Yu Haizhe , Deng Xiaopeng
Published: August 2024

Despite the growing importance of resilience in the construction sector, the existing literature often focuses on specific systems or functions without integrating a holistic view of resilience. Hence, there is a pressing need for comprehensive research that synthesizes these dimensions to provide a clearer framework for resilience in the construction industry. To find the inherent patterns and trends of resilience, we carried out research from the perspective of three elements defining resilience (the subject of resilience, the influencing factors, and the subject’s ability). In this systematic review, 70 articles were rigorously handpicked from Web of Science, Scopus, and authoritative journals and divided into 6 major categories and 24 subcategories for quantitative and temporal analyses. The evolution of resilience in the construction industry is investigated in this review, shifting from specific systems facing defined impacts to addressing the complexities of diverse and unpredictable disruptions within VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous) environments. As Industry 4.0 and digital transformation progress, the significance of functional resilience across various system levels becomes apparent, necessitating a reconstitution into structural, operational, and supply chain resilience. This study encourages the use of advanced methodologies like big data, AI, and high-level architecture (HLA) federated simulations to predict disruptions and optimize resilience strategies, thus providing a robust foundation for handling future uncertainties.
Forward Simulation and Complex Signal Analysis of Concrete Crack Depth Detection Using Tracer Electromagnetic Method
Authors: Wang Yulei , Zhang Shengxing , Jia Yu , Tang Lei , Tao Jin , Tian Hui
Published: August 2024

Cracks are the most typical faults of concrete structures, and their extension can lead to structural fracture. However, when cracks develop inside a structure, the most important depth information is invisible and difficult to measure. The tracer electromagnetic method is an effective technique for detecting the depth of concrete cracks, but since concrete is a multiphase stochastic composite material, its complex internal structure often interferes with the radar detection results, making the conventional radar interpretation technique difficult. In this study, the detection results for concrete crack depth detection based on the tracer electromagnetic method were comprehensively analyzed by combining the complex signal analysis technique, using transient information such as amplitude, phase, and frequency in order to improve the precision and accuracy of radar signal interpretation. In this study, a numerical model was established to determine whether typical cracks such as vertical cracks and diagonal cracks contain indicators or not, and the ground-penetrating radar forward simulation software was used to perform forward simulation of the numerical model and analyze the forward results. The complex signal analysis technique was used to obtain the response characteristics of typical cracks when they did and did not contain the indicator, and the complex signal was finally analyzed by combining it with the actual crack depth detection data. The results show that the tracer electromagnetic method can significantly improve the crack bottom’s reflection ability for radar signals, and when the crack bottom contains an indicator, the amplitude of the reflected signal at the bottom of the crack is enhanced, the phase is reversed, and the frequency is reduced. The distribution of the crack morphology and the location of the crack bottom can be analyzed more conveniently by using the complex signal analysis technique.
Comparative Analysis of Reinforcement Learning Approaches for Multi-Objective Optimization in Residential Hybrid Energy Systems
Authors: Xu Yang , Li Yanxue , Gao Weijun
Published: August 2024

The rapid expansion of renewable energy in buildings has been expedited by technological advancements and government policies. However, including highly permeable intermittent renewables and energy storage presents significant challenges for traditional home energy management systems (HEMSs). Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is regarded as the most efficient approach for tackling these problems because of its robust nonlinear fitting capacity and capability to operate without a predefined model. This paper presents a DRL control method intended to lower energy expenses and elevate renewable energy usage by optimizing the actions of the battery and heat pump in HEMS. We propose four DRL algorithms and thoroughly assess their performance. In pursuit of this objective, we also devise a new reward function for multi-objective optimization and an interactive environment grounded in expert experience. The results demonstrate that the TD3 algorithm excels in cost savings and PV self-consumption. Compared to the baseline model, the TD3 model achieved a 13.79% reduction in operating costs and a 5.07% increase in PV self-consumption. Additionally, we explored the impact of the feed-in tariff (FiT) on TD3’s performance, revealing its resilience even when the FiT decreases. This comparison provides insights into algorithm selection for specific applications, promoting the development of DRL-driven energy management solutions.
Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer—Changing Trends and Global Disparities
Authors: Inoue Manami
Published: August 2024

Overall, the past century has seen a substantial decline in gastric cancer, attributable to decreases in risk factors such as H. pylori infection, tobacco smoking, and the intake of salt-preserved food. One potential preventive strategy for those at high risk is H. pylori eradication for infected subjects, but confirmation of this effect awaits longer follow-up. Obesity continues to advance and may cause increases in cardia cancer, particularly in Western populations, and careful monitoring of this outcome is warranted in both Western and Asian populations. These changes in gastric cancer epidemiology foreshadow a new era in gastric cancer control and warrant further monitoring of descriptive patterns and risk factors.
Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies KEAP1 Perturbation as a Vulnerability of ARID1A-Deficient Cells
Authors: Fournier Louis-Alexandre , Kalantari Forouh , Wells James P. , Lee Joon Seon , Trigo-Gonzalez Genny , Moksa Michelle M. , Smith Theodore , White Justin , Shanks Alynn , Wang Siyun L. , Su Edmund , Wang Yemin , Huntsman David G. , Hirst Martin , Stirling Peter C.
Published: August 2024

ARID1A is the core DNA-binding subunit of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex and is mutated in about 8% of all cancers. The frequency of ARID1A loss varies between cancer subtypes, with clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) presenting the highest incidence at > 50% of cases. Despite a growing understanding of the consequences of ARID1A loss in cancer, there remains limited targeted therapeutic options for ARID1A-deficient cancers. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screening approach, we identify KEAP1 as a genetic dependency of ARID1A in CCOC. Depletion or chemical perturbation of KEAP1 results in selective growth inhibition of ARID1A-KO cell lines and edited primary endometrial epithelial cells. While we confirm that KEAP1-NRF2 signalling is dysregulated in ARID1A-KO cells, we suggest that this synthetic lethality is not due to aberrant NRF2 signalling. Rather, we find that KEAP1 perturbation exacerbates genome instability phenotypes associated with ARID1A deficiency. Together, our findings identify a potentially novel synthetic lethal interaction of ARID1A-deficient cells.
Investigating the Obesity Paradox in Colorectal Cancer: An Analysis of Prospectively Collected Data in a Diverse Cohort
Authors: Kumar Shria , Blandon Catherine , Sikorskii Alla , Kaplan David E. , Mehta Shivan J. , Su Grace L. , Goldberg David S. , Crane Tracy E.
Published: August 2024

Background: Prior studies are inconclusive regarding the effect of obesity on mortality in persons with colorectal cancer (CRC). We sought to determine the association of pre-diagnosis body mass index (BMI) trajectories on mortality after CRC diagnosis. Methods: Utilizing the Multiethnic Cohort, we included adults aged 18–75 between 1 January 1993 and 1 January 2019 with a diagnosis of CRC and at least three available BMIs. The primary exposure, BMI, was subjected to group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM). We evaluated all-cause and CRC-specific mortality, using Cox proportional hazard (PH) models. Results: Of 924 persons, the median age was 60 years, and 54% were female. There was no statistically significant association between pre-cancer BMI trajectory and either all-cause or cancer-specific mortality. In competing risk analysis, the risk of CRC-specific mortality was higher for African Americans (HR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.00–2.43], p = 0.048) and smokers (HR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.10–2.32], p = 0.015). Risk of all-cause mortality was higher for Hawaiian persons (HR = 2.85, 95% CI [1.31–6.21], p = 0.009) and persons with diabetes (HR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.08–3.10], p = 0.026). Conclusions: Pre-diagnosis BMI trajectories were not associated with mortality after CRC diagnosis, whereas race/ethnicity, diabetes, and smoking were associated with an increased risk of death. Our findings suggest the obesity paradox alone does not account for mortality after CRC diagnosis.
The Role of Radiomics in the Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in the PI-RADS v2 and v2.1 Era: A Systematic Review
Authors: Antolin Andreu , Roson Nuria , Mast Richard , Arce Javier , Almodovar Ramon , Cortada Roger , Maceda Almudena , Escobar Manuel , Trilla Enrique , Morote Juan
Published: August 2024

Early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) has substantially improved with the latest PI-RADS versions. However, there is still an overdiagnosis of indolent lesions (iPCa), and radiomics has emerged as a potential solution. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the role of handcrafted and deep radiomics in differentiating lesions with csPCa from those with iPCa and benign lesions on prostate MRI assessed with PI-RADS v2 and/or 2.1. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases to select relevant studies. Quality assessment was carried out with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2), Radiomic Quality Score (RQS), and Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM) tools. A total of 14 studies were deemed as relevant from 411 publications. The results highlighted a good performance of handcrafted and deep radiomics methods for csPCa detection, but without significant differences compared to radiologists (PI-RADS) in the few studies in which it was assessed. Moreover, heterogeneity and restrictions were found in the studies and quality analysis, which might induce bias. Future studies should tackle these problems to encourage clinical applicability. Prospective studies and comparison with radiologists (PI-RADS) are needed to better understand its potential.
Sialylation Inhibition Can Partially Revert Acquired Resistance to Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Goode Emily Archer , Orozco-Moreno Margarita , Hodgson Kirsty , Nabilah Amirah , Murali Meera , Peng Ziqian , Merx Jona , Rossing Emiel , Pijnenborg Johan F. A. , Boltje Thomas J. , Wang Ning , Elliott David J. , Munkley Jennifer
Published: August 2024

Prostate cancer is a lethal solid malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males worldwide. Treatments, including radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy, are available and have improved patient survival; however, recurrence remains a huge clinical challenge. Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen receptor antagonist that is used to treat castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Among patients who initially respond to enzalutamide, virtually all acquire secondary resistance, and an improved understanding of the mechanisms involved is urgently needed. Aberrant glycosylation, and, in particular, alterations to sialylated glycans, have been reported as mediators of therapy resistance in cancer, but a link between tumour-associated glycans and resistance to therapy in prostate cancer has not yet been investigated. Here, using cell line models, we show that prostate cancer cells with acquired resistance to enzalutamide therapy have an upregulation of the sialyltransferase ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1) and increased levels of α2,6-sialylated N-glycans. Furthermore, using the sialyltransferase inhibitor P-SiaFNEtoc, we discover that acquired resistance to enzalutamide can be partially reversed by combining enzalutamide therapy with sialic acid blockade. Our findings identify a potential role for ST6GAL1-mediated aberrant sialylation in acquired resistance to enzalutamide therapy for prostate cancer and suggest that sialic acid blockade in combination with enzalutamide may represent a novel therapeutic approach in patients with advanced disease. Our study also highlights the potential to bridge the fields of cancer biology and glycobiology to develop novel combination therapies for prostate cancer.