bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of forest fragmentation and associated edge effects on the population density of four nocturnal lemur species in North West Madagascar
Authors: Hending D. , Randrianarison H. , Andriamavosoloarisoa N. N. M. , Ranohatra‐Hending C. , McCabe G. , Cotton S. , Holderied M.
Published: January 2024

The clearing and fragmentation of tropical forests is the single biggest threat to primate populations who depend on this habitat for survival. In contrast to primates that live in continuous, undisturbed forests, primate communities of fragmented forests need to adapt to decreased food availability and increased inter‐ and intraspecific competition typical of these degraded and anthropogenically disturbed habitats. Some primate species are highly sensitive to habitat fragmentation, whilst other species can adapt and even thrive in fragmented and degraded forests. Here, we assessed how forest fragmentation and associated edge effects impact the population density of four species of nocturnal lemur in the Sahamalaza‐Iles Radama National Park, North West Madagascar. We conducted 118 transect walks over a 3‐year period covering a total distance of 107 km to collect encounter rate (N/km) and population density (N/Ha) data for each species, which we then compared between the edge and core areas of a continuous forest and a fragmented forest. Our results were highly species‐specific, with the population densities of two species (Lepilemur sahamalaza and Microcebus sambiranensis) increasing in edge and fragmented habitat, whilst we observed the opposite for Cheirogaleus medius. Mirza zaza density appeared consistent between the continuous and fragmented forest and in both edge and core areas. We also found evidence of species‐specific population density relationships with fragment size, core area and fragment shape; however, further work is needed to support these findings. This study demonstrates that some nocturnal lemurs can adapt to degraded habitats and thrive within fragmented forests, whilst other species are less capable of doing so.
The impact of workplace diversity climate on the career satisfaction of skilled migrant employees
Authors: Farashah Ali , Blomquist Tomas , Bešić Almina
Published: January 2024

Skilled migrant workers often experience downward career mobility post‐migration. We investigate how diversity climate as an organizational response to support migrants affects the career satisfaction of migrant employees. Survey data from 179 skilled migrants working in Sweden reveal that perceived diversity climate impacts career satisfaction through a dual‐path model. It negatively affects perceived overqualification, which correlates with lower career satisfaction, while positively relating to perceived organizational justice, which correlates with higher career satisfaction. These effects are contingent on individual factors. Lower career adaptability amplifies the negative impact of perceived overqualification, and higher career adaptability strengthens the positive influence of perceived organizational justice. The findings highlight the boundary conditions of workplace diversity climate–career outcome relationships and underscore the interaction of organizational and individual factors and, in particular, the agency and proactivity of skilled migrants through career adaptability.
Functional, physicochemical, and rheological properties of the spray drying particles prepared from the noble scallop (Chlamys nobilis) mantle protein‐pectin hydrated mixtures
Authors: Liu Shiying , Li Guiyan , Wang Xin , Cao Wenhong , Lin Haisheng , Qin Xiaoming , Chen Zhongqin , Gao Jialong , Zheng Huina
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to comparatively analyse the functional properties of the spray drying particles prepared from the noble scallop (Chlamys nobilis) mantle protein‐pectin hydrated mixtures. And the microstructural characteristics of the particles were assessed by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electronic microscopy, and SDS‐PAGE to detect critical changes. The results showed that the solubility of enzymatically extracted protein was significantly improved by spray drying after pectin hydration (AP‐LMP and AP‐HMP), from 76.77% (AP) to 97.87% (AP‐LMP) and 97.13% (AP‐HMP), respectively. And the spray drying water‐extracted protein (HP) after pectin hydration (HP‐LMP and HP ‐HMP) exhibited a greater emulsifying property, from 103.10 m2/g (HP) to 145.55 ± 0.92 m2/g (HP‐LMP) and 200.29 ± 1.16 m2/g (HP‐HMP). The spray drying after pectin hydration had successfully enhanced emulsifying and rheological properties when compared with AP and HP. The results of SDS‐PAGE showed more protein participated in the formation of macromolecule and FT‐IR spectra demonstrated the formation of protein‐pectin spray drying particles facilitated not only by electrostatic interactions but also by covalent binding via Maillard reaction, made a closely compatible protein structure verified by the improvement of fluorescence intensity. This work is expected to provide a theoretical basic data for the development and application of scallop mantle extracted proteins.
Building food composition tables: extraction methods to measure lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in select Australian foods
Authors: Fitzpatrick Naomi Kathleen , Chachay Veronique , Shore Angela , Jackman Sarah , Capra Sandra , Bowtell Joanna , Briskey David
Published: January 2024

The lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) in food composition tables has infrequently utilised methods optimised for L/Z and comprehensive data are absent, such as in Australia. These absences limit quality dietary intake research. This study investigated optimisation of extraction methods for lutein and zeaxanthin in five Australian foods analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection. The foods were broccoli, broccolini, baby spinach, baby orange capsicum, and dried goji berry. Twelve variations in extraction methods were investigated, including saponification, sonication, and solvent choice. L/Z concentrations differed by up to more than 125% between variations. Variation nine was best for all foods except zeaxanthin in broccoli where variation five or seven were best. The L/Z concentrations measured differed in Australian and United States data; existing data may therefore not be representative of the current food supply. Development of local Australian food composition data for lutein and zeaxanthin is warranted.
Leveraging machine learning for advancing insect pest control: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Jiale , Chen Yan , Huang Jianxiang , Jiang Xunyuan , Wan Kai
Published: January 2024

Insects have flourished in various ecosystems owing to their evolutionary prowess. However, certain behaviours have led specific species to be classified as pests in human‐dominated settings. Ensuring accurate pest identification and assessing risks are vital for both agricultural productivity and effective pest control. While traditional methods, based on manual checks and expert opinions, tend to be time‐consuming and error‐prone, machine learning (ML)—a branch of artificial intelligence—has brought groundbreaking shifts in computer vision and predictive analytics, paving the way for advanced agricultural methods. This study delves into a bibliometric analysis of the confluence between ML and pest control from 1999 to 2022. Drawing data from 2348 publications in the Web of Science (WoS) databases, we identified a marked uptick in interest after 2017—a decade marked by a 40‐fold growth in publication numbers. An examination of 706 WoS core articles offered insights into temporal and geographic trends, co‐citation patterns, key publications, and recurring keywords. Also, we spotlight major ML techniques employed in pest management and hint at promising directions for subsequent research. Overall, this paper serves as an exhaustive resource for individuals intrigued by the intersection of computer science and agriculture.
Enhancing natural enemy performance through plant secondary metabolites: The role of caffeine for the parasitoid Snellenius manilae
Authors: Lo Yong‐Sin , Hwang Shaw‐Yhi
Published: January 2024

The food resources in the field can effectively strengthen the ability of natural enemies to control the pest. Certain compounds, in addition to carbohydrates and amino acids, may improve the physiological performance of insects. Caffeine, for instance, has been shown to enhance pollinator memory and physiological reactions. However, little is known about how caffeine influences parasitoids. The control effectiveness and survival rate of the parasitoid (Snellenius manilae) were tested in this study after the parasitoids were fed solutions with different concentrations of caffeine. We examined caffeine concentrations of 10−2, 10−4, and 10−6 (M) mixed with a 25% sucrose solution and a pure sucrose solution as a control group. The results show that a concentration of 10−6 caffeine solution significantly increased the parasitism rate of S. manilae by 10.76% when compared to the control group. Despite the significantly lower survival rate and male bias of S. manilae offspring in the 10−2 treatment, no further negative responses in growth performance, development time, or cocoon weight were observed. These findings suggest that an appropriate concentration of caffeine solution can have a positive impact on the control effectiveness of parasitoids in the laboratory. Our results highlight the potential of secondary compounds to increase the bio‐control effectiveness. However, confirming the implications of these findings requires further field experiments.
Fly responses to food colour, orientation and toxic bait composition in Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Lasa Rodrigo , Aguas‐Lanzagorta Saide , Williams Trevor
Published: January 2024

Toxic baits comprising a combination of food attractants and a toxicant could contribute to the control of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a major invasive pest of soft fruit and berries. Laboratory cage experiments revealed that flies of both sexes were significantly more attracted to dried red droplets of 0.3% sucrose solution and were more likely to consume red‐coloured droplets compared to blue, green or colourless droplets. Flies of both sexes showed a tendency to feed on dried droplets placed on the floor of the cage rather than droplets presented upside‐down on the roof or on the cage side‐wall. When offered commercial insecticides (5–50 parts per million active ingredient) in dried sucrose solution, fly mortality of both sexes was highest in the spinosad treatment, lowest in abamectin and intermediate in deltamethrin and spinetoram‐based products. Male flies had significantly higher mortality than females. A mixture of 25 ppm spinosad with 1.3% sucrose +1.3% corn syrup +1.3% glycerol (named 4% mixture) was consumed by female flies more than any of the components alone. Addition of 1% apple juice to the 4% mixture resulted in an additional increase in spinosad‐induced mortality. In contrast, the addition of apple cider vinegar, increasing concentrations of apple juice (5%–10%), or the addition of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Hanseniaspora uvarum (5 × 106 cells/mL) did not increase fly mortality for reasons that were unclear. We conclude that the combination of 4% mixture +1% apple juice could prove to be a useful bait for the delivery of spinosad or other biorational insecticides for D. suzukii control, although this requires field testing in commercial fruit production settings.
Persian everlasting pea (Lathyrus rotundifolius L.) protein isolate as a potential protein source for food application: Effect of ultrasound‐assisted extraction method on the properties of the protein isolates
Authors: Youshanlouei Yeganeh Azimi , Kiani Hossein , Mousavi Mohammad , Mousavi Zeinab E. , Tao Yang , Halim Ronald
Published: January 2024

Finding new protein sources and processes comprising targeted functional properties is crucial for the increasing global food demand. In the current paper, a new protein isolate is introduced with potential benefits based on the seeds of Persian everlasting pea (Lathyrus rotundifolius L.). Conventional aqueous extraction for the preparation of protein isolates (CPEP) was compared with pre‐ultrasonic (PUPEP) and ultrasound‐assisted (UAPEP) extractions, and the physicochemical and functional properties of the proteins were investigated. By the implication of ultrasound trials, protein recovery was increased from 49.88% for CPEP to 55.02% and 56.11%, for PUPEP and UAPEP, respectively. According to gel electrophoresis, no major distinction in molecular weight between protein fractions of different samples was perceived and sonication practice did not convert the primary structures of proteins. FTIR results uncovered changes in different extraction modes, implying that ultrasound could transform the secondary structures of the protein. Thermal properties and surface tension were decreased during sonication due to the conformational changes. The results of this study indicated that Persian everlasting pea protein isolate could be considered as a novel source of valuable protein and functional ingredient in the food industry.

Practical applications

The utilization of plant‐based protein products as sustainable alternatives to animal proteins has been increasing recently. However, compared with animal proteins, plant‐based proteins reveal relatively weak functional properties such as water‐holding capacity and gelation. Therefore, they need to be modified before being incorporated into food products. Ultrasonic treatment is an emerging technology that has many applications in food science and technology, such as increasing the extraction efficiency and improving the physicochemical and functional properties of food ingredients. Lathyrus rotundifolius seeds contain high amounts of protein and can be used as a source of plant‐based protein. The effect of ultrasonic treatment in the study was investigated and confirmed to improve the extraction efficiency and functional properties of Persian everlasting pea protein, which can be used in the food industry.
Developing a haemodialysis acuity tool (the HAT study): A qualitative study
Authors: Chow Josephine S. F. , Miguel Susana S. , Rayment Glenda , Maurya Nutan
Published: January 2024

Background

Haemodialysis units are now managing an increasing number of patients with varying needs and levels of acuity. To maintain safety, haemodialysis patients must be placed in the most appropriate dialysis unit that has the required human and physical resources to care for them. The first step towards achieving these goals is to develop a tool specific to haemodialysis units to effectively measure patient acuity.

Objective

To develop a haemodialysis acuity tool, utilising a focus group approach, in assessing patient's suitability for a specific dialysis location thus ensuring patient safety.

Design

This is a cross‐sectional qualitative study via a focus group approach.

Participants

Participants were nurse unit managers and team leaders of a District Renal Service.

Approach

Participants were interviewed to explore their views on the elements and measures identified in the research aims. Themes for interviews were informed by current literature on acuity tools for haemodialysis patients' admission to the dialysis units. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and progressively analysed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results

Ten nurse unit managers/team leaders (100%) were interviewed and thematic analysis of the transcripts was conducted utilising the deductive approach. Five themes were identified which will form the main categories in the development of the tool, namely: Age/frailty; co‐morbidity; physical; dialysis; and psychosocial.

Conclusion

This study is instrumental in the development of the haemodialysis acuity tool which can be used in allocating dialysis location specific to patient's needs and available resources. The tool can also be used in analysing patient care processes and resource requirements based on the patients’ and unit's profile.
Novel missense mutation c.797T>C (p.Met266Thr) gives rise to the rare B(A) phenotype in a Chinese family
Authors: Shao Lin‐Nan , Yang Yi‐Cheng , Xia Yue‐Xin , Li Chun‐Xiang , Zhou Shi‐Hang , Liang Xiao‐Hua
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

B(A) phenotype is usually formed by nucleotide mutations in the ABO*B.01 allele, with their products exhibiting glycosyltransferases (GTs) A and B overlapping functionality. We herein report a B(A) allele found in a Chinese family.

Materials and Methods

The entire ABO genes of the probands, including flanking regulatory regions, were sequenced through PacBio third‐generation long‐read single‐molecule real‐time sequencing. 3D molecular models of the wild‐type and mutant GTB were generated using the DynaMut web server. The effect of the mutation on the enzyme function was predicted by PROVEAN and PolyPhen2. The predictions of stability changes were performed using DynaMut and SNPeffect.

Results

Based on serological and sequencing features, we concluded the two probands as possible cases of the B(A) phenotype. Crystallization analysis showed that Thr266 substitution does not disrupt the hydrogen bonds. However, some changes in interatomic contacts, such as loss of ionic interactions and hydrophobic contacts, and addition of weak hydrogen bonds, may have affected protein stability to some extent. This mutation was predicted to have a benign effect on enzyme function and slightly reduce protein stability.

Conclusion

The probands had the same novel B(A) allele with a c.797T>C (p.Met266Thr) mutation on the ABO*B.01 backbone.
UAV CONTROLLER PERFORMANCE UNDER WIND DISTURBANCE
Authors: Zaharuddin Muhammad Hazman , Ab Wahid Mastura , Othman Norazila , Md Zain Mohd Zarhamdy , Nusyirwan Istas Fahrurrazi
Published: January 2024

In the world of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle, controls and stability are important to ensure a safe flight mission. As UAVs are an aircraft that operates dependently to the reference trajectory given, a reliable system and controller are in need for the UAV to carry through flight missions safely. This research focusses on the design of a cascaded PID controller to control the UAV to follow climb, cruise, and landing trajectory. The designed PID is tested to see the system robustness when influenced by wind disturbances. The response of flight under influence of wind is acceptable, however, the controller does not satisfy the system’s flying quality at a wind disturbance exceeding step input of 1-70 km/h and 1-100 km/h or above due to the size of the UAV. The acceptable response are accounted for final gains of kpq≈0, kiq≈0, kdq=-0.00034, kpθ=-0.5116, kiθ=-0.002267, kdθ=0, kph=13.3931, kih=1.01882 and kdh=13.9178 in order to achieve such results.
INVESTIGATION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBOCHARGER VIBRATION USING DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Ahmad Nazri Mohamad Hakeem , Meng Soon Chiong , Md Sah Muhammad Hanafi , Mohammad Mahadhir , Mein Soon Chun , Rajoo Srithar
Published: January 2024

High-speed rotating machinery such as a turbocharger is always subject to imperfection that causes strong vibrations. The problem is that there is no way of knowing the root causes of these vibrations by just using our five senses. This problem is significant since unattended heavy vibrations on a turbocharger may lead to permanent damage and a high cost to fix them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the vibration characteristics of a running turbocharger using the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) method, hence identifying the sources of such vibration profiles. In this context, DSP is the process of taking vibration signals that have been digitized and then mathematically manipulating them. Usually, it involves converting time domain data into frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). To identify the causes of turbocharger vibrations, a literature review was done by studying past research of the same methodology. An experiment was conducted by running the machine at different speeds and operating conditions across the choke, regular, and surge conditions. Vibrational data was obtained by mounting a piezoelectric accelerometer onto the compressor housing. The data was then later post-processed using MATLAB to execute FFT. The result shows high energy peaks at various frequencies associated with an unbalanced rotor, oil whirl, looseness, misalignment, and surging noise. On this basis, it is concluded that the vibrational data of a turbocharger can be identified using DSP.
ANALYSIS OF VORTEX ON SHARP-EDGED DELTA WING WITH BLOWING EFFECT
Authors: Zamzuddin Muhammad Faris Aqil , Said Mazuriah , Musa Nur Amalina , Kasim Khushairi Amri , Mat Shabudin
Published: January 2024

The formation of the primary vortex above the wing is dependent on the Reynolds number, the angle of attack, the Mach number, and the bluntness of the leading edge. This experiment is done in order to assess the impacts of blowing at three sites on the delta wing's flow topology. The blower was placed on the leading edge at the 15%, 50%, and 70% wing sections. The experiment was conducted at a Reynolds number of 8 x 105, which corresponds to a wind speed of 25 m/s and a mean aerodynamic chord. The UTM generic delta wing model with a 55° sweep angle was employed, and the experiment was conducted at the Low-Speed Wind Tunnel at UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM-LST). During each experiment, the model was subjected to surface pressure monitoring techniques. This project's findings show the influence of blowing on the flow topology above the wing.In specific test settings, the installation of the blower at positions 50 percent significantly increased the size of the primary vortex while delaying its breakdown at greater angles of attack.
MULTIBODY SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF A MONORAIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Authors: Abu Bakar Saiful Anuar , Wafiudin Muhammad Amir
Published: January 2024

Multibody simulation enables engineers to examine and investigate the kinematic and dynamic motion of mechanical systems, allowing them to construct and develop virtual 3D models to simulate and illustrate motion, coupling forces and stresses. The purpose of this study is to analyse kinematic and dynamic characteristics of a monorail for urban transportation systems. The monorail will go through three simulations in Solidworks. The first simulation is motion analysis by moving along a straight and curved track under low-speed (10 m/s), medium speed (15 m/s) and high speed and (20 m/s). Next, static analysis due to weight of passengers and car body and finally the last simulation is dynamic analysis due to dynamic loads occurring at the stabilizing wheel. The collected result will then be compared with past studies to validate the multibody simulation. Most dynamic and kinematic characteristics show slightly similarity and some dynamic and kinematic characteristics turn out differently. The different characteristics are due to Solidworks errors during the simulation process..
DEVELOPMENT BATTERY PACK FOR ELECTRIC ATV USING 40AH POUCH BATTERY CELLS
Authors: James Long Jie Quek , Che Daud Zul Hilmi
Published: January 2024

The existing electric ATV in the Automotive Laboratory, P21 of UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia had left abandoned without any purpose due to the lack of a battery. Therefore, developing a battery pack for the electric ATV using the 40 Ah lithium-ion pouch cells can make the electric ATV functional again. To do this, the battery needs to be designed in a way that it can fit inside the cargo load of the ATV which is the space of the previous battery. Next, the capacity of the battery pack needed to be designed based on the requirement of the electric ATV existing in the automotive laboratory. The complete system of the battery must include cooling system, battery management system (BMS), charging system and the battery packaging. Finally, the objectives of this project are achieved whereby a good performance battery with 74 V 80 Ah of capacity equipped with cooling system, battery management system, charging system and battery packaging is successfully developed.
ANALYSIS OF FLOW AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN JOURNAL BEARING LUBRICATED WITH VEGETABLE OIL
Authors: Mahyuddin Muhamad Afiq Najmi , Muhammad Yazid Muhammad Noor Afiq Witri
Published: January 2024

The use of vegetable oil as a sustainable alternative to mineral oil in lubrication applications has garnered considerable attention. This research focuses on evaluating three different vegetable oils, namely palm mid olein (PMO), refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO), and rapeseed oil, for their effectiveness in lubricating a hydrodynamic journal bearing. The study examines key performance factors such as pressure, temperature, load-carrying capacity, and coefficient of friction. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to compare the lubricating capabilities of the vegetable oils against engine oil. Rapeseed oil emerges as the most promising option among the vegetable oils, displaying notable advantages. It demonstrates a 22.12% higher pressure, 26.37% higher load-carrying capacity, and 0.37% higher temperature distribution compared to PMO. In contrast, while engine oil exhibits a 16.67% higher pressure distribution and 35.8% higher load-carrying capacity, it also comes with a drawback of 44.29% higher coefficient of friction compared to other vegetable oils. It is worth noting that the simulation results have been validated through experimental data, leading to the conclusion that engine oil surpasses vegetable oils in terms of pressure and temperature distribution.
APPLICATION OF DEEP NEURAL NETWORK ON AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES (AUV) IN SUBSEA PIPELINE INSPECTION
Authors: Ong Yi Kai , Siow Chee Loon , Koto Jaswar , Nusyirwan Istas
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of deep neural network for the Automated Underwater Vehicle in the subsea pipeline inspection. In today’s modern world, we see more and more sophisticated and precise computer vision object detection technology being implemented in our daily lives. To name a few, security cameras, self-driving cars, drones and more. This research suggests that computer vision pipeline defect detection is an attractive solution for the future subsea pipeline defect detection as it relies less human intervention and is more reliable. In this paper, review of the current methods of subsea pipeline inspection was done. Some of the methods with visual detection and their limitations are also discussed. Apart from that, the machine learning algorithm of our focus, Faster RCNN is studied. Beyond that, we have explained the methods of our experimentation and the process of training as well as validating the custom dataset. The outcomes are separated into different sections, training curve, visual data representation as well as the model accuracy in different operating environment. In conclusion, we found that the model is able to detect the underwater pipeline with up to 1mm leak size. However, the low accuracy due to the insufficient dataset is recognized as a bottleneck and some of the recommendations are suggested for future improvement.
A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER (FAME) TRIBOLOGY (2010 TO 2019)
Authors: Lee Chiew Tin , Foo Kimberly Ming-Xia , Lee Mei Bao , Mong Guo Ren
Published: January 2024

In the present study, a bibliometric analysis has been carried out with relation to the FAME research topic on its production, rheological and tribological studies for the last ten years (2010-2019). The scientific collaborations throughout this timespan were investigated according to different parameters in Web of Science (WoS). Based on the keyword search string, the top productive journals for the FAME research and their co-citation relationships were revealed in this study. Energy Fuels, Fuel and Wear are indicated to be the top three most influential journals of this research topic. Apart from that, the top productive countries, organizations, authors, funding agencies and their respective visualization networks were also investigated. A keyword co-occurrence analysis was conducted to reveal thematic areas in FAME research. A strong research interest in FAME oxidation stability and its tribological behaviour was one of the main findings of this analysis. FAME as biolubricant is recommended due to their ability to reduce wear and friction, also by adding a proper amount of additives, the poor oxidative stability characteristic of FAME could be resolved. These findings are expected to encourage more FAME-related research and communications in this field.
THE TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF PERFLUOROPOLYETHER-BASED GREASE BIOLUBRICANT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Lee Mei Bao , Hong Pui Yee , Binti Mohamed Ariffin Nur Aisya Affrina , Lee Chiew Tin
Published: January 2024

In response to the growing demand for environmentally friendly grease preparations, this study conducts a bibliometric analysis to examine the research trends surrounding the application of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) based grease biolubricants from 2010 to 2019. The analysis, based on 66 publications extracted from Web of Science (WoS), aims to narrow down the scope of interest in exploring the adoption of PFPE-based grease biolubricants in automotive applications. The analysis reveals that Tribology Letters emerged as the most productive journal, publishing 44.1% of the total publications on this topic. Italy was the initial contributor to this research, but no further studies were conducted after 2010. While, Singapore emerged as one of the main contributors, with 27 publications over the years. Keyword analysis demonstrates that the "friction and wear" keyword exhibited high significance with a total link strength of 25, followed by "lubrication" and "PFPE" with a total link strength of 16. Overall, this bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the research trend of PFPE-based grease biolubricants. The findings highlight the need for further exploration and development of PFPE-based grease biolubricants for automotive applications.
ANALYSING THE LUBRICANT RHEOLOGY-PRESSURE RELATION FOR BIODIESEL DERIVED WASTE PALM COOKING OIL (WPCO)
Authors: Redzuan Nor Qayrawani , Halid Izzati , Hamdan Siti Hartini
Published: January 2024

Given that its primary energy sources are reported to be dwindling daily, the pursuit for new alternatives to fossil fuel is essential. Biodiesel is perceived as a viable option for achieving sustainable and renewable energy in response to this challenge.  The present study demonstrates the potential of Waste Palm Cooking Oil, Raw Palm Cooking Oil, Waste Palm Methyl Ester, and Raw Palm Methyl Ester as lubricants. This study's objective is to analyze the rheological behaviour of produce biodiesel lubricant from two distinct feedstocks, namely WPCO and Raw PCO at increasing temperature from 25°C to 100°C. Both WPCO and Raw PCO are subjected to a transesterification reaction, which is facilitated by potassium as a catalyst, in order to remove the free fatty acid (FFA) present. This study discovered that the biodiesel production efficiency for waste palm methyl ester (WPME) was 82.5%, whereas the yield for raw palm methyl ester (RPME) was 96.4%. A qualitative analysis was carried out by Gas Chromatography Analysis to identify the presence of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) in the biodiesel produced from Waste Palm cooking oil (WPCO) and Raw Palm Cooking Oil (RPCO). The physicochemical properties of all four varieties of oils were evaluate. WPCO, WPME, Raw PCO, and Raw PME had densities of 895 kg/, 865 kg/, 898 kg/, and 867 kg/ at 40 °C, respectively. The density that was acquired was subsequently employed to calculate the kinematic viscosity of the lubricants. At a temperature of 40 °C, a comparison was made between the kinematic viscosity of the lubricants and the standard kinematic viscosity of motor oil as specified by the SAE. The evaluation of WPCO, WPME, Raw PCO, and Raw PME in comparison to SAE motor oils standard reveals that none of the aforementioned oil types exhibit the necessary properties to function as a pourable engine lubricant.
DYNAMIC LOADING EFFECTS ON CAR SUSPENSION COMPONENTS DURING ROAD DRIVING
Authors: Jie Wong Sien , Abu Bakar Saiful Anuar
Published: January 2024

Suspension system plays a vital role in providing a pleasure and safe driving experience. Because of that, studying the behaviour of suspension system during road driving is crucial. This paper describes the work carried out to investigate the dynamic loading effects on suspension components during rough road driving and analyse based on safety factor and fatigue life. A multibody simulation using SolidWorks software is conducted. Von Mises stress, strain, and displacement distribution plots are generated to visualize stress and deformation patterns. Fatigue life distribution plots indicate infinite fatigue life strength for the majority of components. Kinematic and compliance test examines roll centre, vertical movement of the wheel centre, toe angle and camber angle. This comprehensive analysis contributes to suspension system design and optimization, improving vehicle safety and durability.
THERMAL ASSESSMENT ON TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TURBOCHARGER JOURNAL BEARING
Authors: Low Chia Wei , Hamdan Siti Hartini , Chong William Woei Fong
Published: January 2024

High speed rotation of turbocharger rotor shaft could lead to significant frictional losses generated in journal bearing, which in turn affects the engine minimum speed. Therefore, this study is to mathematically predict the frictional behaviour for a turbocharger journal bearing, considering lubricant film formation and thermal effect. A mathematical model is initially derived from a 2-D Reynolds equation based on finite difference method and Modified Newton Raphson’s Method. Then, a reduced energy equation is integrated, to consider thermal effect. The mathematical model is validated with measured friction power of a typical automotive turbocharger obtained from literature. Through the analysis, it is shown that thermal analysis assumption correlates better with literature experimental data. The significant temperature rise in lubricant leads to the reduction of viscosity as well as the frictional power losses of the turbocharger. A parametric study using Taguchi methodis then conducted to optimize parameters, such as bearing width, type of engine oil used as lubricant and bearing radial clearance, for minimizing the friction power loss. The effect of bearing width is found to contribute the most to the frictional power loss, followed by the lubricant oil and lastly, the radial clearance of the bearing.
1-D ENGINE MODELING OF 4-CYLINDER TURBOCHARGED GASOLINE ENGINE
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad Nur Hakimin , Soon Chiong Meng , Kim Jeyoung , Md Sah Muhammad Hanafi , Mohamad Mahadhir , Soon Chun Mein , Srithar Rajoo
Published: January 2024

This project is conducted to explore one-dimensional (1D) simulation for a 4-cylinder gasoline engine. The simulation and computational development of modeling for the study are conducted by using the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of AVL BOOST software. The engine model was developed corresponding to a Proton 1.6-litre CamPro 4-cylinder turbocharged gasoline engine including the real engine geometry and parameters. The engine model is based on 1D equation of the gas exchange process, progressive engine combustion process, isentropic compression and expansion, and accounting for the heat transfer as well as the frictional losses. The aim of the study is to predict the steady-state performance of the engine model at full and partload conditions from 1000 to 5000 rpm by using engine cycle simulation. In this study, three parameter tuning works have been performed, which are combustion model tuning, intake manifold temperature tuning and turbocharger’s scaling factor tuning. In addition, the comparison and validation were done for the output performance parameters based on the provided experimental data. Overall, the engine performance behavior have been observed to determine how accurate AVL BOOST software can evaluate engine performance compare to experiment conducted on the real engine. The most accurate validation of the engine performance parameters have been achieved by manifold absolute pressure (MAP) with 3.14% error. However, by comparing with experimental data, major discrepancy is noticeable on several engine performance parameters. From this study, the results showed that the engine model is able to simulate engine’s combustion process and produce reasonable prediction.
Accessibility Matters: Investigating the Usability of Social Media Platforms for Individuals with Motor Disabilities
Authors: Khasawneh Mohamad Ahmad Saleem
Published: January 2024

The present study seeks to deconstruct the realm of usability and accessibility of widely used social media platforms, with a specific focus on individuals with motor disabilities residing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. By examining the intricate interplay between these individuals and the aforementioned platforms, this research endeavors to shed light on the challenges they encounter and the potential barriers they face in effectively utilizing these digital platforms. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge surrounding the usability and accessibility of social media platforms, while also offering valuable insights into the experiences of individuals with motor disabilities in the Saudi Arabian context. Employing a thorough evaluation, juxtaposing analysis, and rigorous statistical examination, the research illuminates the diverse range of accessibility levels observed across various platforms. Moreover, it emphasizes the profound ethical and legal considerations that underlie the concept of digital inclusivity. The results underscore the criticality of acknowledging digital accessibility as an inherent entitlement, carrying substantial ramifications for societal integration, educational and professional prospects, and active participation in civic affairs. In the contemporary digital era, it is imperative to foster collaboration and encourage innovation as a pivotal means to address accessibility gaps. By doing so, we can effectively guarantee equitable access and active engagement for individuals with motor disabilities.
Proper (Strong) Rainbow Connection and Proper (Strong) Rainbow Vertex Connection of Graphs with Large Clique Number
Authors: Ma Yingbin , Xue Yanfeng , Zhang Xiaoxue
Published: January 2024

The proper rainbow vertex connection number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the smallest number of colors needed to properly color the vertices of [Formula: see text] to make [Formula: see text] rainbow vertex connected. The proper strong rainbow vertex connection number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the smallest number of colors needed to properly color the vertices of [Formula: see text] to make [Formula: see text] strong rainbow vertex connected. These two concepts are inspired by the concepts of proper (strong) rainbow connection number of graphs. In this paper, we determine the values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with large clique numbers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we determine the values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with large clique numbers [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Long-Term Visual Quality and Pupil Changes after Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction for Eyes without Preoperative Cylinder Refraction
Authors: Yang Xiaonan , Feng Qiting , Liu Quan , Chen Jianhui , Wan Pengxia
Published: January 2024

Purpose. To investigate the long-term changes in visual quality and pupil size after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for eyes without preoperative cylinder refraction. Methods. Thirty-three myopic eyes (33 patients) without preoperative cylinder refraction were corrected using SMILE. Refractive outcomes, corneal curvature, aberrations, contrast sensitivity (CS), and pupil diameter were evaluated preoperatively, and 30 months postoperatively. Results. The 30-month postoperative uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA, LogMAR) were −0.10 ± 0.09 and −0.14 ± 0.06, respectively, whereas the preoperative CDVA (LogMAR) was −0.07 ± 0.05. Cylinder refraction of −0.11 ± 0.21 D (ranging from −0.50 to 0.00) was observed at 30 months postoperatively, increasing from the preoperative cylinder refraction of 0.00 ± 0.00 D (P=0.004). Moreover, the centroid coordinates x, y of corneal anterior astigmatic vectors were −0.19 ± 0.22, 0.81 ± 0.33 at 30 months postoperatively, and 0.02 ± 0.28, 0.76 ± 0.51 preoperatively (Px<0.001 and Py=0.810, respectively). Furthermore, a 15° axis change in the mean anterior corneal astigmatic vector was observed at 30 months postoperatively from the preoperative state, as measured by Pentacam. At 30 months postoperatively, the photopic Log CS reduced significantly with glare at three and six cycles/degrees (P<0.001 and P=0.015, respectively), a decreased photopic pupil diameter (3.27 ± 0.55 mm vs. 3.10 ± 0.66 mm, P=0.030), and an increased Coma (Z31) and Trefoil (Z3−3) at 4 mm diameter area analysis. However, a significant linear regression relationship was only observed between changes in photopic pupil diameter and changes in photopic Log CS with glare at 12 cycles/degree (P=0.038 and β = 0.282). Conclusion. Slight cylinder regression was observed with thicker corneal lenticular extraction after SMILE correction of nonastigmatic eyes 30 months postoperatively. This regression was mainly because of the axis changes in anterior corneal astigmatism power. Therefore, a cylinder nomogram modification of 0.25 to 0.50 D is considerable for correcting nonastigmatic myopic eyes with a predicted spherical lenticular thickness over 100 µm.
Taxonomic and chorological novelties in Blakea (Melastomataceae: Pyxidantheae) from Peru with a list of species for the country
Authors: FERNANDEZ-HILARIO ROBIN , PILLACA-HUACRE LUIS , VILLANUEVA-ESPINOZA ROSA , RIVA-REGALADO SEBASTIÁN , GONZÁLES ROCIO DEL PILAR ROJAS , GOLDENBERG RENATO , MICHELANGELI FABIÁN A.
Published: January 2024

Seven new Peruvian species of Blakea are described and illustrated here: Blakea eden, Blakea quinta, Blakea wilderi and Blakea yumi from the Department of Amazonas, Blakea pavida and Blakea rojasiae from the Departments of Amazonas and Cajamarca, and Blakea leoniae from the Departments of Amazonas and San Martin. Following IUCN criteria, we propose that most species should be considered as Endangered (EN) but for B. pavida, B. quinta and B. yumi, that should be recognized as Critically Endangered (CR) due to their restricted distributions and the intense ongoing human activity (agriculture and livestock) in their habitats. Additionally, we provide notes on the new records and species that have been published since Brako & Zarucchi’s checklist of the Peruvian flora in 1993, including the lectotypifications of Blakea brasiliensis, B. nareliana, and Topobea pittieri (B. henripittierii). Blakea gracilis and B. parvifolia are suggested to be excluded from Peru. Based on this, we present a list of 33 Blakea species currently accepted for Peru, 14 of which are endemic.
Types and typifications of some names published for ferns and lycophytes endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe
Authors: FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA , SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: January 2024

The typification of the currently accepted names of 14 pteridophytes, i.e., ferns and lycophytes, which are definitely endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe, is reviewed. Lectotypes are designated for a number of names and previous typifications are reassessed and corrected, if needed. The types of the names of three further pteridophytes, one endemic to the Gulf of Guinea and two widespread ones, are also discussed.
Description of one species of freshwater amphipod Hyalella (Crustacea, Peracarida, Hyalellidae) from the northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil
Authors: LIMBERGER MÁRCIO , CASTIGLIONI DANIELA DA SILVA , SANTOS SANDRO
Published: January 2024

In this study, a new species of Hyalella is described from southern region of Brazil. Hyalella jaboticabensis n. sp. was recorded in the municipality of Jaboticaba, northwest region of state of the Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. This species is characterized by showing smooth body surface, epimeral plates not acuminated, inner face of the gnathopod 1 with nine or ten serrate setae and some simple setae (six to eight), inner ramus of uropod 1 of males with one short curved seta, peduncle of the uropod 3 with six cuspidate setae with an accessory seta and two or three cuspidate setae on the rami, telson as long as wide (square) with six to eight short and long cuspidate setae with an accessory seta. This new description increases the Brazilian known diversity of species of Hyalella to 42 (25 to southern Brazilian region) and 108 species in the Americas. It is noting that it is crucial to know the complete diversity of Hyalella genus, and to consider conservation measures to protect species like H. jaboticabensis n. sp., endemic to two single small streams.
A new monotypic genus of Dactylomyiini (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Neurigoninae) from the Brazilian Chaco, with a discussion on the evolution of the lateral epandrial lobe
Authors: QUEVEDO LUCAS , CAPELLARI RENATO S. , LAMAS CARLOS JOSÉ E.
Published: January 2024

A new monotypic genus of Neurigoninae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), Naglisia gracilis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Chaco of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It belongs to the tribe Dactylomyiini and is argued to be closely related to Dactylomyia Aldrich plus Macrodactylomyia Naglis, sharing with them the absence of one claw on the male foreleg, the lateral epandrial lobe fused with ventral surstylus, and the distinct morphology of the postgonites. In addition, an updated identification key to the genera of Dactylomyiini and a short discussion on the homology and evolution of the epandrial lobe and surstylus in the tribe are provided.