bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divergence-free cut finite element methods for Stokes flow
Authors: Frachon Thomas , Nilsson Erik , Zahedi Sara
Published: October 2024

We develop two unfitted finite element methods for the Stokes equations based on $$\textbf{H}^{{{\,\textrm{div}\,}}}$$

H

div

-conforming finite elements. Both cut finite element methods exhibit optimal convergence order for the velocity, pointwise divergence-free velocity fields, and well-posed linear systems, independently of the position of the boundary relative to the computational mesh. The first method is a cut finite element discretization of the Stokes equations based on the Brezzi–Douglas–Marini (BDM) elements and involves interior penalty terms to enforce tangential continuity of the velocity at interior edges in the mesh. The second method is a cut finite element discretization of a three-field formulation of the Stokes problem involving the vorticity, velocity, and pressure and uses the Raviart–Thomas (RT) space for the velocity. We present mixed ghost penalty stabilization terms for both methods so that the resulting discrete problems are stable and the divergence-free property of the $$\textbf{H}^{{{\,\textrm{div}\,}}}$$

H

div

-conforming elements is preserved also on unfitted meshes. In both methods boundary conditions are imposed weakly. We show that imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions weakly introduces additional challenges; (1) The divergence-free property of the RT and the BDM finite elements may be lost depending on how the normal component of the velocity field at the boundary is imposed. (2) Pressure robustness is affected by how well the boundary condition is satisfied and may not hold even if the incompressibility condition holds pointwise. We study two approaches of weakly imposing the normal component of the velocity at the boundary; we either use a penalty parameter and Nitsche’s method or a Lagrange multiplier method. We show that appropriate conditions on the velocity space has to be imposed when Nitsche’s method or penalty is used. Pressure robustness can hold with both approaches by reducing the error at the boundary but the price we pay is seen in the condition numbers of the resulting linear systems, independent of if the mesh is fitted or unfitted to the boundary.
Students’ local vs. global views of data distributions: a cross-grade-level analysis using eye-tracking
Authors: Schreiter Saskia , Vogel Markus
Published: October 2024

The ability to interpret and compare data distributions is an important educational goal. Inherent in the statistical concept of distribution is the need to focus not only on individual data points or small groups of data points (so-called local view), but to perceive a distribution as a whole, allowing to recognize global features such as center, spread, and shape (so-called global view). However, the latter is challenging for students to acquire. This study, involving 68 students in grades 4, 6, and 8, had two main objectives. First, we aimed to examine the potential impact of grade level on how students perceive and compare distributions presented in dot plots. Despite variations in specific pre-knowledge, our findings showed no significant grade-related differences in students’ gaze behavior or their ability to process global features when comparing distributions. This finding suggests that there is no significant developmental trend across grade levels regarding students’ capacity to perceive distributions globally, a critical aim in statistics education. Our second objective was to extend the findings of our previous work regarding the identification of specific eye-tracking measures as indicators of students’ local vs. global views. In line with our hypotheses, differences in gaze behavior between students with a local and global view were determined regardless of their grade level. This robustness across different educational stages underscores the validity of specific eye-tracking measures as reliable indicators for students local vs. global view of data. Our research highlights the potential of eye-tracking for understanding students’ data interpretation approaches in statistics education.
Shrinking rates of horizontal gaps for generic translation surfaces
Authors: Chaika Jon , Fairchild Samantha
Published: October 2024

A translation surface is given by polygons in the plane, with sides identified by translations to create a closed Riemann surface with a flat structure away from finitely many singular points. Understanding geodesic flow on a surface involves understanding saddle connections. Saddle connections are the geodesics starting and ending at these singular points and are associated to a discrete subset of the plane. To measure the behavior of saddle connections of length at most R, we obtain precise decay rates as $$R\rightarrow \infty $$

R
→
∞

for the difference in angle between two almost horizontal saddle connections.
Impact of Loneliness and Social Support on Acute Health Service Use and Symptom Exacerbation Among Adults with Asthma and COPD
Authors: Leukel Patric J. , Piette John D. , Lee Aaron A.
Published: October 2024

Loneliness and low social support are associated with negative health outcomes among adults with asthma or COPD. Although social support is correlated with loneliness, low social support is neither necessary nor sufficient for the experience of loneliness. This study compares the relative association of loneliness and social support on symptom exacerbation (i.e., acute deteriorations in respiratory health) and acute health service utilization (i.e., hospitalizations, emergency department visits) among 206 adults with asthma and 308 adults with COPD. Separate logistic regression models were used to simultaneously examine the association of loneliness and social support with each outcome. Among adults with asthma, loneliness was associated with greater odds of hospitalization (AOR = 2.81, 95%CI [1.13, 7.02]), while low social support was not (AOR = 1.44, 95%CI [0.78, 2.65]). However, neither loneliness nor social support were associated with any other acute health service use or symptom exacerbation among adults with asthma. Among adults with COPD, loneliness, and greater social support were associated with increased odds of symptom exacerbation (AOR = 1.67, 95%CI [1.03, 2.69]; AOR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.02, 1.83]) and hospitalization (AOR = 3.46, 95%CI [1.65, 7.24]; AOR = 1.92, 95%CI [1.15, 3.22]), but only social support was significantly associated with ED visits (AOR = 1.72, 95%CI 1.12, 2.66]). These findings support prior research demonstrating that loneliness and social support are related but separate determinants of patients’ physical symptoms and service utilization.
Predictors of Substantiation in Child Sexual Abuse Investigations in the United States
Authors: Scurich Nicholas
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Child Protective Services (CPS) investigates millions of cases of child maltreatment each year in the United States. A sizeable percentage of these cases involve allegations of sexual abuse. Little is known about the factors that are associated with cases being substantiated.

Method

The present manuscript analyzes data collected by the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), a census of all child protective services investigations or assessments conducted in all fifty states, plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, from October 1, 2018, through September 30, 2019.

Results

During this time period, CPS investigated 223,785 cases of alleged sexual abuse, of which 24.5% were substantiated. The substantiation rates varied considerably across states. A series of hierarchical logistic regressions revealed that cases involving female children were more likely to be substantiated than cases involving male children, that cases involving children age 10 + were more likely to be substantiated than children under age 10, as well as an interaction between age and sex such that age mattered to a lesser degree for male children than female children. The models also revealed that cases involving white children were more likely to be substantiated than cases involving non-white children, even after accounting for age, sex, and the jurisdiction in which the investigation took place.

Conclusions

The variation in substantiation rates across states underscores the need for further investigation into jurisdictional differences and the development of more consistent policies. Additionally, the disparities observed along lines of gender, age, and race point to the necessity of addressing potential biases in investigative practices. This study highlights the need for future research to explore the complex interplay of individual, community, and systemic factors that shape substantiation outcomes, ultimately guiding improvements in child protection services.
On e-monotonicity and maximality of operators in Banach spaces
Authors: Alizadeh M. H. , Bianchi M. , Pini R.
Published: October 2024

In this paper we extend some well known properties of monotone and maximal monotone operators to the wider class of e-monotone and maximal e-monotone operators. The main results concern local boundedness of maximal e-monotone operators, maximal 2e-monotonicity of the Clarke–Rockafellar subdifferential $$\partial ^{CR}f$$

∂

CR

f

for an e-convex function f, and the characterization of e-monotonicity of an operator T via the behaviour of its e-Fitzpatrick function outside the graph of T.
Eddy Current Testing in the Quantitive Assessment of Degradation State in MAR247 Nickel Superalloy with Aluminide Coatings
Authors: Tytko Grzegorz , Adamczyk-Habrajska Małgorzata , Luo Yao , Kopec Mateusz
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the effectiveness of the eddy current methodology for crack detection in MAR 247 nickel-based superalloy with aluminide coatings subjected to cyclic loading was investigated. The specimens were subjected to force-controlled fatigue tests under zero mean level, constant stress amplitude from 300 MPa to 600 MPa and a frequency of 20 Hz. During the fatigue, a particular level of damage was introduced into the material leading to the formation of microcracks. Subsequently, a new design of probe with a pot core was developed to limit magnetic flux leakage and directed it towards the surface under examination. The suitability of the new methodology was further confirmed as the specimens containing defects were successfully identified. The changes in probe resistance values registered for damaged specimens ranged approximately from 8 to 14%.
The problem of the many: a view from the semantics of numerals and countability
Authors: Sutton Peter R.
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses both semantic issues of countability in linguistics, and philosophical issues arising from the problem of the many. I argue (i) that the problem of the many is orthogonal to vagueness and we should look to the semantics of count nouns and numerals for its solution; (ii) that the problem of the many is a challenge for contemporary mereological analyses of count nouns in semantics; but (iii) that the count criterion in these theories can be weakened to avoid the problem. Specifically, weak quantization is proposed as the criterion: a sum, x, counts as nPs if and only if x has n disjoint parts, each of which is in the extension of P, but where the sum of no two of them is also in the extension of P. I show how importing this idea into the semantics of numerals provides a semantic means of dissolving the paradox.
Lie-bäcklund symmetry, soliton solutions, chaotic structure and its characteristics of the extended (3 + 1) dimensional Kairat-II model
Authors: Almheidat Maalee , Alqudah Mohammad , Alderremy A. A. , Elamin Mawahib , Mahmoud Emad E. , Ahmad Shabir
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the (3 + 1)-dimensional extended Kairat-II model using Lie-Bäcklund symmetry (LBS) and the improved modified extended tanh-function approach (IMETFA). The bifurcation and sensitivity analyses are conducted to understand the stability and chaotic behavior of the model. Through graphical visualizations of phase diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, power spectra, fractal dimension and recurrence plots, the complex dynamics and stability characteristics of the model are elucidated. Additionally, the research focuses on the derivation of dark soliton and various combo soliton solutions of the Kairat-II model. The derived soliton solutions are graphically displayed in 3D and 2D plots. The obtained results are new and have never been reported in the literature for the considered equation.
Nonlinear step responses and how to find them
Authors: Mrazík Lukáš , Mareš Jan , Friess Karel
Published: October 2024

The unit step response is a standard tool for experimental identification; its shape is equivalent to a solution of an appropriate governing equation. In this study, we investigate two variants of nonlinear first-order governing equation, $${y'=k(1-y^\beta )/\beta }$$

y
′

=
k

(
1
-

y
β

)

/
β

, and mainly its rescaled version $${y'=k\left( 1-y^\beta \right) }$$

y
′

=
k

1
-

y
β

. We explore a continuum of response shapes, ranging from constant zero to constant one, including standard shapes such as $$1-\exp (-t)$$

1
-
exp
(
-
t
)

and $${\tanh (t)}$$

tanh
(
t
)

, but also uncommon shapes such as a part of the logarithmic integral. Two methods for estimating the parameter $$\beta $$
β
are proposed: one based on analyzing the curvature of a single response and the other based on analyzing initial slopes for multiple responses, while varying the amplitude of the step. Our investigation is conducted in the context of gas permeation through a homogeneous porous medium, where nonlinear response shapes have been observed. This context allows for a meaningful interpretation of the results, consistent with expectations for specific thermodynamic processes. However, neither method is constrained by this context, and either might be considered for any first-order system that fails to have amplitude-scale invariance or for which the shapes seem to exhibit an effect of saturation.
Smooth connectivity in real algebraic varieties
Authors: Cummings Joseph , Hauenstein Jonathan D. , Hong Hoon , Smyth Clifford D.
Published: October 2024

A standard question in real algebraic geometry is to compute the number of connected components of a real algebraic variety in affine space. This manuscript provides algorithms for computing the number of connected components, the Euler characteristic, and deciding the connectivity between two points for a smooth manifold arising as the complement of a real hypersurface of a real algebraic variety. When considering the complement of the set of singular points of a real algebraic variety, this yields an approach for determining smooth connectivity in a real algebraic variety. The method is based upon gradient ascent/descent paths on the real algebraic variety inspired by a method proposed by Hong, Rohal, Safey El Din, and Schost for complements of real hypersurfaces. Several examples are included to demonstrate the approach.
Complex Permittivity Spectra of Granular Polymer Composites with Dispersed Ag-Coated Cu Flakes
Authors: Kasagi Teruhiro , Goda Kazuya , Yamamoto Shinichiro
Published: October 2024

Conductive particle-containing granular composites with tuneable negative permittivity are being studied to improve the performance of electromagnetic devices, such as shielding materials. In this study, we investigated the relative complex permittivity and electrical conductivity of granular composites of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin and Ag-coated Cu flakes in the radio- to microwave-frequency range and compared them with those of PPS/bare Cu flake composites. Electrical conductivity measurements revealed that the PPS/Ag-coated Cu flake composites have a lower percolation threshold (φc) than the PPS/bare Cu flake composites, whereas the electrical conductivity of the PPS/Ag-coated Cu flake composites in the percolated particle state was higher at the same particle volume fraction. At particle contents above φc, a low-frequency plasmonic state of conduction electrons was achieved in the percolated particle chains in both composites, and negative permittivity spectra were obtained. The percolated PPS/Ag-coated Cu flake composites had a negative permittivity up to a higher frequency than the percolated PPS/bare Cu flake composites. Furthermore, the Drude model was used to analyze the negative permittivity spectra of the composites in the percolated particle state. The plasma frequency of the composites with percolated Ag-coated Cu flakes was higher than that of the composites with percolated bare Cu flakes. Thus, coating Ag on Cu particles improved the conductivity of the composite, leading to negative permittivity up to higher frequencies. This study contributes to the enhancement of the negative permittivity achieved by granular composites, which is useful for microwave technology applications.

Graphical Abstract
State of the Field Report XV: Contemporary Chinese Studies of the Scholastic-Aristotelian Soul in Late-Ming and Early-Qing China
Authors: Canaris Daniel
Published: October 2024

The Jesuit China mission coincided with a sophisticated attempt to place Chinese and Western concepts of human nature in dialogue with Confucianism. The Jesuits believed that they could facilitate evangelization by drawing upon Confucian concepts to explain the soul. In so doing, they and their Chinese collaborators also pioneered a genre of hybrid philosophical texts, which used Aristotelian conceptions of the soul to critique and supplement autochthonous Chinese conceptions of human nature. These texts are not just of significance for Chinese Christian theology, but also anthropology, psychology, and even medicine, given the role played by the soul in both Chinese and Western conceptions of human physiology at the time. Until recently these texts have been little studied except by missiologists who were more interested in their relevance for mission history than for comparative philosophy. Scholarship has perhaps also been hampered by the immense linguistic demands of studying texts that sit between the Chinese and Western intellectual traditions. Recently, however, a number of Chinese scholars have turned their attention to these texts, intrigued by novel philosophical ideas contained therein and their complex relationship to both the Western and Chinese intellectual and religious traditions. Since many of these Chinese-language contributions are published in volumes which are not easily accessible outside of China, they have not enjoyed great visibility in Western-language scholarship. This article will review the major developments in Chinese scholarship and will conclude with suggestions for future research.
Radiation dose to the eye of physicians during radio frequency catheter ablation: a small-scale study
Authors: Morishima Yoshiaki , Chida Koichi , Chiba Hiroo , Kumagai Koji
Published: October 2024

Background

Radio frequency catheter ablation (RFCA), a treatment for arrhythmia, requires a long fluoroscopy time that increases the radiation exposure dose to the physician, particularly to the lens of the eye. It is recommended that a lens-specific dosimeter such as DOSIRIS® is used to measure the dose to the lens.

Aims

In this study, we investigated whether conventional glass badges can be used as an alternative to lens dosimeters.

Methods

The doses to the lenses of two physicians (physician A, main operator; physician B, assistant; physician B was further away from the patient than physician A) were measured for 126 RFCA procedures performed over a 6-month period (fluoroscopy rate of 3.0 p/s with use of a ceiling-hanging shield).

Results

The cumulative value measured by a lens dosimeter attached to the inside of Pb glasses (0.07-mm dose equivalent) next to the left eye was 4.7 mSv for physician A, and 0.8 mSv for physician B. The reading on the glass badge worn on the left side of the neck was 4.7 mSv for physician A and 1.3 mSv for physician B. Lens dosimeter and glass badge values showed a good correlation for the left eye and left neck (r = 0.86, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

We show that glass badges may be a viable alternative to lens-equivalent dosimetry when using low-pulse fluoroscopy and a ceiling-hanging shield.
Taking an argumentation approach to statistical investigations: developing student data-ing practices
Authors: Fielding Jill
Published: October 2024

Research literature has provided considerable insight as to how young students might come to deeper understandings of statistical concepts, processes and representations through investigations. However, ‘data-ing’—the critical thinking aspects of decision-making while engaging in statistical investigations—has shown to be more difficult to grasp. Data-ing aspects of statistical investigations identified in literature as particularly challenging include: generating researchable questions, knowing when or how to apply statistical knowledge, seeing a need for evidence to support conclusions, and knowing how to use data as evidence. Argumentation practices necessitate a focus on the use of evidence to logically support a claim, thereby offering potential to focus students on the sufficiency and quality of evidence and the conclusions that can be drawn. As such, argumentation offers potential to support students to engage in data decision-making practices. In the research described here, an argumentation focus was used to guide a statistical investigation with a class of 9–10-year-old students in a suburban Australian school. Analysis of classroom interactions and children's work samples suggested that taking an argument-based focus supported students’ developing capacity to overcome the aforementioned challenges and to engage in critical, decision-making practices with authentic, messy data within the context of the investigation.
UBE2T is a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for endometrial cancer
Authors: Wang Longyun , Wang Mengqi , Wang Zeyu , Wang Kai , Zhao Bowei , Wang Yue , Zheng Jingying , Zhang Shuang
Published: October 2024

Background

Endometrial cancer (UCEC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in gynecology, and early diagnosis is crucial for its treatment. Currently, there is a lack of early screening tests specific to UCEC, and treatment advances are limited. It is crucial to identify more sensitive biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and predicting UCEC. Previous studies have shown that UBE2T is involved in the development of various tumors such as breast cancer and liver cancer, but research on the role of UBE2T in UCEC is limited.

Methods

Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and UALCAN databases, we analyzed the differential expression of UBE2T mRNA and protein in endometrial cancer (UCEC), along with its clinical relevance. A total of 113 clinical samples were collected, and immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were employed to validate bioinformatics analysis results. Volcano plots were generated using UBE2T and its differentially expressed genes, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immune infiltration analysis were used to predict the functional role of UBE2T in UCEC progression. Correlation between UBE2T expression and patient survival was analyzed using TCGA data, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were plotted.

Results

UBE2T is significantly overexpressed in UCEC and correlates with poor prognosis. Its overexpression is closely associated with mitosis, cell cycle regulation, and histological grade in UCEC patients.

Conclusion

UBE2T is highly expressed in UCEC and suppresses anti-tumor immune responses in UCEC patients. It serves as a key participant in UCEC progression, associated with a range of adverse outcomes, and holds potential as a clinical diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
Acculturation Orientations Among Immigrant-Origin Youth: How is Acculturation Associated with Self-Esteem, Sense of Belonging, and Discrimination?
Authors: Abdulhamed Rekar , Lonka Kirsti
Published: October 2024

We developed a six-item Compact Acculturation Scale (CAS) based on common items on comprehensive acculturation scales and examined it with two designs using data from the Finnish Annual Youth Future Report Survey of 2023 (N = 744 immigrant-origin youth, IOY). In Study 1, we first confirmed second-order factorial structure of CAS and its convergent validity. Second, using structural equation modelling, we found that the relation of acculturation with self-esteem was ambivalent among recently migrated youth who perceived discrimination. Established immigrant-origin youth who reported discrimination were more likely to prefer an ethnic orientation. In Study 2, we examined acculturation profiles among immigrant-origin youth based on CAS variables, and the relationship of profiles with self-esteem, perceived discrimination, and sense of belonging. Six profiles were found: Medium integration (49%), High integration (22%), Neo-culture kid (15%), Separation (6%), Assimilation (6%), and Marginalized (2%). Both integration profiles were associated with high self-esteem and sense of belonging. Third largest profile was characterized by rejecting both host and heritage cultures, but unlike Marginalized, they reported enjoying both in-group and host-peer relations. In sum, this study shows that CAS is a reliable and robust instrument that can serve us in investigating acculturation both by variable- and person-oriented approaches.
Ongedocumenteerd tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie
Authors: Meijer David , Verdonk Petra
Published: October 2024

Samenvatting

Inleiding

Onderzoek suggereert dat ongedocumenteerde migranten een hoger risico hebben op COVID-19-morbiditeit en -mortaliteit. Bovendien hebben zij vanwege hun ongedocumenteerde status een slechtere uitgangspositie om met de pandemie en de gezondheidsmaatregelen om te gaan. Het doel van dit onderzoek is om inzage te krijgen in de ervaringen die ongedocumenteerden hadden met zorg tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie en de gezondheidsmaatregelen van de overheid.

Methode

Er zijn twaalf interviews afgenomen met ongedocumenteerde bezoekers van de Kruispost, een huisartsenpraktijk in Amsterdam voor mensen die buiten het reguliere gezondheidscircuit vallen.

Resultaten

De ervaringen zijn in twee thema’s samengevat: a) structuren beschrijft de ondersteuning van formele en informele structuren onder ongedocumenteerden en hoe deze ten tijde van de crisis in staat waren in vele behoeften te voorzien, en b) strategieën verwijst naar de persoonlijke opvattingen, gebruiken en copingmechanismen die deelnemers toepasten om met de pandemie en de gevolgen daarvan om te gaan.

Conclusie

De ongedocumenteerde gemeenschap bleek veerkrachtig tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie. Wij zagen dat structuren, zoals steungroepen, maatschappelijke organisaties en de Kruispost, een cruciale rol speelden. Overheden en gezondheidsdiensten kunnen het functioneren van deze structuren en strategieën bevorderen door samenwerking met en investeringen in bovengenoemde partijen te bekrachtigen.
Acoustical properties of the new sandwich structures for aircraft cabin interiors with integrated vacuum insulation
Authors: Latsuzbaya V. , Middendorf P. , Völkle D. , Weber C.
Published: October 2024

Any modern passenger aircraft must provide a high level of comfort for passengers who spend considerable time inside the cabin. The cabin's climate and interior noise levels contribute to this comfort. Vacuum insulation panels (VIP) have been explored as insulation materials to improve these factors due to their extremely low thermal conductivity. When integrating VIPs into the aircraft cabin's interior, it was discovered that the thermal conductivity of the entire sandwich structure was 3–6 times lower than conventional structures. This finding has generated much interest in using VIPs for aircraft cabin insulation. This article delves into the acoustic properties of these new structures featuring integrated VIPs. Tests were carried out to analyze the sound insulation capabilities of these structures. The results showed that the new interior structures exhibited promising acoustic properties.
Measuring Spatial Radiation Dose Distribution During Abdominal Computed Tomography Scanning with Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeters
Authors: Chang Wen-Chuan , Shih Tian-Yu , Fang Pei-Ren , Lin Cheng-Hsun
Published: October 2024

Purpose

As the proportion of medical radiation exposure increases, the exposure dose has received increasing attention. When performing interventional radiological diagnosis, examiners are often exposed to radiation. Therefore, patients and medical personnel are exposed to higher amounts of radiation dose. Accordingly, we used optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) to measure the ambient air kerma during abdominal CT scanning to observe the spatial distribution of the doses.

Methods

An abdominal CT scan under a voltage of 120 kVp was performed, and OSLDs were used for the measurement. The measurement range extended from the examination couch that serves as the center point to the walls and was divided into four areas. The OSLD measurements were undertaken at three different heights (i.e., 85, 140, and 150 cm from the floor) for spatial dose detection. The OSLDs were fixed up to lines at the three height levels. Each dosimetry point was 50 cm apart. In addition, the surface incident doses of the prosthesis's mammary gland, liver, and gonad were estimated.

Results

According to the spatial dose distribution at the three different heights, the maximum dose and minimum dose in front of the bore were 0.194 ± 0.008 and 0.006 ± 0.001 mGy, respectively; 2 m away from the bore, the dose reduced to 9% of the maximum dose. The surface incident doses of the mammary gland, liver, and gonad were 1.321 ± 0.121, 13.083 ± 0.642, and 13.441 ± 0.658 mGy, respectively.

Conclusion

The spatial dose distribution revealed that the dose was the highest at the height of 140 cm and in front of the bore. The dose on the left side was higher than that on the right side. In addition, the dose was inversely proportional to the square of the distance. If the examiners must perform interventional radiological diagnosis during CT scanning, they should put on radiation protection equipment and stand behind the bore to minimize the radiation exposure.
Crystalising Maker Moments: Postdigital Storying Across Contexts
Authors: Colvert Angela , Rowsell Jennifer , Buxton Alison , Horton Emma
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a theoretical conceptualisation of ‘postdigital storying’ as an emergent pedagogical process of engaging in meaning-making and literacies in educational contexts. In order to highlight the nuanced learning and communication involved in this approach, we examine and discuss three empirical examples of children and teachers working together in classroom makerspaces, drawn from data we gathered during a year-long research project undertaken by the Maker{Futures} team based at the University of Sheffield. Through discussion of these ‘moments of making’, we develop the metaphor of a crystal to highlight how the multifaceted nature of postdigital storying refracts, reflects or absorbs the light of the digital in myriad ways according to the configurations and qualities of the spatial, temporal, material and social factors. We argue that it is important to ‘crystalise’ moments of making in this way, by applying postdigital logic, in order that researchers, policy makers and educators may better understand the ways that learning is shaped and facilitated in makerspaces across contexts.
Understanding the Level of Integration in Existing Chemical Clusters: Case Study in the Port of Rotterdam
Authors: Tan Michael , Ibarra-González Paola , Nikolic Igor , Ramírez Ramírez Andrea
Published: October 2024

The petrochemical industry is composed of several interconnected processes that use fossil-based feedstock for producing chemicals. These processes are typically geographically clustered and often belong to different parties. Reducing the environmental impacts of the petrochemical industry is not straightforward due to, on the one hand, their reliance on fossil fuels for energy and as a feedstock and, on the other hand, the significant level of interconnected energy and material flows among processes. Current methods for analyzing changes to existing processes cannot capture the multitude and level of interactions. The goal of this paper is to create a model of a petrochemical cluster and analyze its physical characteristics and performance. This paper addresses this goal by developing an assessment method that combines process simulations, multiplex graph analysis, and key performance indicators. The method is applied to a case study based on the petrochemical cluster in the Port of Rotterdam, resulting in a uniquely highly detailed model of a petrochemical cluster. The network analysis results show that only some of the processes are very interconnected. From the performance analysis, it can be observed that the olefins process is the most carbon-intense and has high CO2 emissions. Additionally, the results showed the importance of considering existing interconnections when assessing the current performance of existing petrochemical clusters or the performance due to future changes to chemical processes. For instance, some changes would occur to an industrial cluster by introducing alternative carbon sources, such as biomass or CO2.
Prioritizing Performance Indicators for the Circular Economy Transition in Healthcare Supply Chains
Authors: Alfina Kartika Nur , Ratnayake R. M. Chandima , Wibisono Dermawan , Basri Mursyid Hasan , Mulyono Nur Budi
Published: October 2024

The emergence of the circular economy (CE) paradigm is a key driver in steering industrial sectors towards sustainability. The formulation of a robust circularity strategy depends on a comprehensive assessment, which is closely related to the overarching goal of managing the transition to circularity. The initial phase of transition within the healthcare sector reinforces the need to seamlessly integrate CE principles. It is therefore imperative to define and carefully monitor indicators that will help assess and improve sustainability, operational efficiency, supply chain resilience and stakeholder satisfaction, including both consumers and patients. The primary objective of this research is to prioritize relevant performance indicators that will be critical in measuring the effectiveness of the transition to a circular economy within the healthcare supply chain. To achieve this objective, the study employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a well-established methodology known for its effectiveness in solving complex multi-criteria challenges. The AHP is used to prioritize performance indicators that facilitate the management of the circular economy transition in the healthcare supply chain. The focus is on improving the quality of care, optimizing delivery efficiency, and emphasizing environmental sustainability within the healthcare paradigm. The methodological framework includes the identification of key main criteria covering environmental, social, economic, and logistical dimensions. These criteria are further refined with the inclusion of 14 sub-criteria, resulting in a list of 16 key performance indicators (KPIs). Additionally, the study proposes an alternative business model advocating for the implementation of the Circular Supply Chain Operation Reference Model (circular SCOR). This model offers a perspective for rapid change in supply chain processes towards circular transition within the healthcare system. The final stage of the research involves verifying the results through sensitivity analysis and correlation mapping of the indicator results with the Circular SCOR model. This process helps organizations refine their performance measurement protocols, enhancing their capacity for effective evaluation and strategic decision-making within the circular economy framework. This comprehensive approach enables healthcare organizations to proactively contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally conscious future while maintaining a focus on quality care for patient well-being.
Analysing Quality Assurance Levels in Extended Producer Responsibility-Regulated Recycling Sectors
Authors: Hobé Thomas R. , Vermeulen Walter J. V.
Published: October 2024

This article describes and analyses quality assurance systems (QASs) in the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulated recycling industry. It is explained how the European Union sees EPR as an instrument to reduce waste and emissions. QASs could steer the recycling industry towards corporate sustainability and high-level value retention recycling, but it is unclear how current QASs function. This article fills this research gap. Policymakers and Producer Responsibility Organisations can use the results to improve QASs to increase sustainability and circularity in the EPR-regulated recycling industry. Research on this has been carried out through case studies that describe and analyse specific product groups. The QASs are assessed on their functioning in terms of how they work towards higher value retention options by increasing the level of cascading, and by assessing the implementation of corporate sustainability, including the incentive to improve business practices continuously. Besides, auditing processes are evaluated on whether they work towards recognised audit principles for good auditing. It is concluded that current QASs in the EPR-regulated recycling industry are not working towards higher value retention options and changes must be made to organise this. Four recommendations are given.
Hospital dental care for patients with Niemann-Pick syndrome type B: a case report
Authors: da Fonseca Orcina Bernardo , Reia Verônica Caroline Brito , Zangrando Denis , da Silva Santos Paulo Sérgio
Published: October 2024

The aim of this case report is to show the hospital dental approach to a patient with Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) type B. After her caregivers reported poor oral health, a 10-year-old girl was referred to a hospital. She was diagnosed with NPD type B 4 years ago, with involvement of the brain, nerves, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lungs. A dental physical examination revealed chronic carious lesions in ten teeth, as well as four residual roots and poor oral hygiene. We chose a surgical block treatment based on the altered complementary exams, dental demands, and the systemic compromise caused by NPD type B. All decayed elements were restored with glass ionomer cement, and residual roots were extracted. The patient had no clinical signs of infection or hemorrhage after 20 days of post-surgical follow-up. Although rare, the presence of patients with NPD type B in the dental routine can occur, necessitating the development of an individualized and multidisciplinary treatment plan.
Multi-platform metabolic profiling of the stages of production of locally made lambanog, a traditional Philippine alcoholic beverage
Authors: Tabago Maria Krizel Anne G. , Marmeto Mark Christian Emmanuel A. , Posadas George D. , Laserna Anna Karen C. , Garcia Joel
Published: October 2024

Traditional alcoholic beverages contain a diverse range of metabolites that determine their taste and aroma profiles, as well as potential health benefits and possible toxicities. Furthermore, the metabolite levels can vary with the growing conditions of the raw materials and the production process, giving distinct profiles to products from different sources. Thus, the profiling of metabolites present in traditional alcoholic beverages is important for quality control, safety, and authentication purposes. In this study, the various metabolites that can be found in lambanog, a traditional Filipino coconut wine, are profiled using a multi-platform approach, together with the raw material and intermediates across the production process. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), were used to tentatively identify the metabolites present in samples from the different stages of lambanog production. 1H NMR spectroscopy has revealed the presence of ethanol, pyruvate, uracil, and sugars such as glycerol, fructose, mannitol, and glucose. GC–MS studies revealed potential compounds that may influence organoleptic properties in the different stages of lambanog production. Identifying and monitoring the identified metabolite components along the production process can aid future product and process developments, quality control, and authentication of lambanog and other traditional alcoholic beverages.
The Observatory Experiment
Authors: Naylor Simon
Published: October 2024

In this innovative history of the science of meteorology, Simon Naylor focuses our attention on the spaces in which it was pursued: meteorological observatories. During the nineteenth century, meteorologists established or converted sites where observers and their instruments could be housed, where they collected and analysed data and developed meteorological theories. He examines a number of these sites around the British Empire, along with the governmental, military and commercial networks connecting them. Taking many shapes to capture the weather in different environments, these observatories brought various social groups into contact with the practice of science, including sailors on naval surveying vessels, climbers ascending Scottish peaks, and families checking their rain gauges at home. Through a study of these spaces, Naylor argues for the treatment of meteorology as an experimental observatory science, on which the development of knowledge about local, regional, national and global weather and climate relied.
Community-based nutrition education and counselling provided during pregnancy: effects on knowledge and attitude towards iron-folic acid supplementation
Authors: Reshid Mensur , Anato Anchamo
Published: October 2024

Maternal malnutrition is pervasive throughout the world, notably in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. This study examined the effect of community-based iron-folic acid supplementation (IFAS) nutrition education on IFAS knowledge and attitude among pregnant women in urban settings in South Ethiopia. A community-based quasi-experimental study was conducted among 198 randomly selected pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) (99 intervention and 99 control). We used a multistage sampling technique followed by systematic sampling to select the pregnant women. Pregnant women who participated in the intervention arm received six nutrition education sessions and counselling using a health belief model (HBM), while the control group received only routine ANC services. Baseline and endline data were collected during the ANC and compared. The data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences. Analyses of the effect of the intervention were done using difference-in-difference and generalised estimation equation to allow correlation of repeated observations over time. The results indicated a significant effect of intervention on maternal knowledge towards IFAS; with intervention, group levels increased by 35 percentage points (P < 0.001). The odds of being knowledgeable at the endpoint in the intervention group were 2.6 times higher than baseline (OR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.88–3.80). There was a significant (P = 0.001) change in proportion with a favourable attitude towards IFAS between the two time points. The community-based nutrition education intervention approach has significantly improved maternal knowledge and a favourable attitude towards IFAS among pregnant women. The HBM is effective in improving knowledge and attitude among pregnant women.
Shades of complicity: archives of the ‘implicated subject’
Authors: Duncan Derek
Published: October 2024

Knowledge of the Arandora Star is no longer limited to members of the UK's historic Italian community but is shared by a much larger constituency thanks to the greater accessibility of historical documents relating to the sinking of the ship, and to the substantial volume of new creative work inspired by it. This article examines this expansion of historical memory by following two discrete but entangled strands. The first follows the construction of the Arandora Star archive, starting from the author's chance personal encounter with a photograph. The second involves a close reading of Francine Stock's A Foreign Country (1999) and Caterina Soffici's Nessuno può fermarmi (2017), two novels that explore how people outside the historic Italian community recognise their implication in the sinking and its aftermath. Both foreground the intergenerational and transnational transmission of difficult memory and the ways in which the Arandora Star functions as an unstable point of historical knowledge and ethical judgement.
Enemy Aliens: internment and deportation policy in Great Britain, September 1939–June 1940
Authors: Pistol Rachel
Published: October 2024

During the Second World War, Germans, Austrians and Italians living in Great Britain were designated as ‘enemy aliens’ and consequently interned. The worsening situation on the continent in May and June 1940 stirred up hysteria that spies and saboteurs could be amongst the Germans and Austrians. Mass arrests started in May 1940, and Italians were soon caught up in the detentions when Mussolini declared war on 10 June, thus filling internment camps to capacity. Canada and Australia agreed to take some of the ‘most dangerous characters’, facilitating the most controversial aspect of internment – deportation – which led to the ultimate tragedy when the SS Arandora Star was torpedoed and sunk on 2 July 1940. Building on previous scholarship that focuses on either German or Italian internment, this article examines both government policy towards and the internee experience of these two groups on an equal footing, thus furthering integration of the Italian narrative within internment historiography.
A qualitative study of specialist multidisciplinary clinician perspectives on barriers/facilitators to care for children with brain cancer and their families: “We’re a little bit different to our adult counterparts”
Authors: Luckett Tim , DiGiacomo Michelle , Heneka Nicole , Disalvo Domenica , Garcia Maja , Schaeffer Isabelle , Attwood Robyn , Phillips Jane
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Children with brain cancer and their families have complex care needs throughout diagnosis, active treatment, long-term survivorship, and the palliative phase of illness. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of Australian specialist clinicians on barriers and facilitators to health care for children with brain cancer and their families.

Methods

A qualitative approach was taken using semi-structured interviews. Eligible participants were clinicians of any discipline providing care to children with brain cancer and their families in Australia. Interviews were conducted by telephone and asked about perceived strengths and weaknesses in health care and available resources for this population. Qualitative content analysis used a directed approach with inductive refinement.

Results

Eleven clinicians participated, 5 of whom were medical, 3 nursing, and 3 allied health. The overarching theme was that the rarity and diversity of brain tumors in children confers challenges to care that lead to variation in practice. Participants reported having to adapt care from guidelines and patient/family resources designed for adults with brain cancer and children with other cancers, and rely on clinical and research networks. Specialist comprehensive cancer care was generally perceived to offer the best model for accommodating the unique needs of each child/family, but barriers to access were highlighted for children in remote Australia, and long-term follow-up was perceived to be inadequate regardless of where children lived. Significance of results. Until further brain cancer-specific paediatric guidelines become available, our findings highlight the need for communities of practice to share resources and reduce unwarranted variation.

Conclusion

Future research should focus on developing and evaluating guidelines and other resources specific to children with brain cancer, as well as informing suitable models for long-term follow-up care for survivors.