bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy—Current Treatment and Future Options
Authors: Migliore Federico , Mattesi Giulia , Zorzi Alessandro , Bauce Barbara , Rigato Ilaria , Corrado Domenico , Cipriani Alberto
Published: June 2021

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inheritable heart muscle disease characterised pathologically by fibrofatty myocardial replacement and clinically by ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Although, in its original description, the disease was believed to predominantly involve the right ventricle, biventricular and left-dominant variants, in which the myocardial lesions affect in parallel or even mostly the left ventricle, are nowadays commonly observed. The clinical management of these patients has two main purposes: the prevention of SCD and the control of arrhythmic and heart failure (HF) events. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the only proven lifesaving treatment, despite significant morbidity because of device-related complications and inappropriate shocks. Selection of patients who can benefit the most from ICD therapy is one of the most challenging issues in clinical practice. Risk stratification in ACM patients is mostly based on arrhythmic burden and ventricular dysfunction severity, although other clinical features resulting from electrocardiogram and imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance may have a role. Medical therapy is crucial for treatment of VAs and the prevention of negative ventricular remodelling. In this regard, the efficacy of novel anti-HF molecules and drugs acting on the inflammatory pathway in patients with ACM is, to date, unknown. Catheter ablation represents an effective strategy to treat ventricular tachycardia relapses and recurrent ICD shocks. The present review will address the current strategies for prevention of SCD and treatment of VAs and HF in patients with ACM.
Fecal Microbial Transplantation versus Mesalamine Enema for Treatment of Active Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis—Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Březina Jan , Bajer Lukáš , Wohl Pavel , Ďuricová Dana , Hrabák Pavel , Novotný Aleš , Koželuhová Jana , Lukáš Milan , Mrázek Jakub , Fliegerová Kateřina Olša , Kvasnová Simona , Chahrazed Mekadim , Mareš Jan , Špičák Julius , Drastich Pavel
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is a promising alternative treatment. Methods: This multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial randomized patients with active left-sided UC (Mayo score 4–10) equally to FMT or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) enemas. FMT enemas were administered five times in the first week and then once weekly for 5 weeks. 5-ASA enemas were administered daily for 2 weeks and then every other day. The primary study endpoint was clinical remission, with a total Mayo score ≤2 at week 12 with no subscore >1. Results: Sixty-one patients were screened; 45 were enrolled and randomized to FMT (n = 23) or 5-ASA (n = 22). Twenty-one FMT and 22 5-ASA patients completed at least the week 4 study visit and were included in the mITT analysis. Twelve FMT (57%) and eight 5-ASA patients achieved the primary study endpoint. FMT noninferiority with 10% margin was confirmed (95% CI: −7.6%, 48.9%). Adverse events occurred in 12 FMT (57%) and 13 5-ASA (59%) patients. Increased microbial diversity persisted 3 months after FMT. Conclusion: FMT is an effective treatment for left-sided UC and increased recipient microbiome diversity. Targeted microbiome modification may improve FMT efficacy. Further investigation is needed to guide donor and patient selection.
SmartSkeMa: Scalable Documentation for Community and Customary Land Tenure
Authors: Chipofya Malumbo C. , Jan Sahib , Schwering Angela
Published: June 2021

According to the online database landmarkmap, up to an estimated 50% or more of the world’s habitable land is held by indigenous peoples and communities. While legal and procedural provisions are being made for bureaucratically managing the many different types of tenure relations in this domain, there continues to be a lack of tools and expertise needed to quickly and accurately document customary and indigenous land rights. Software and hardware tools that have been designed for documenting land tenure through communities continue to assume a parcel-based model of land as well as categories of land relations (RRR) largely dimensionally similar to statutory land rights categories. The SmartSkeMa approach to land tenure documentation combines sketching by hand with aerial imagery and an ontology-based model of local rules regulating land tenure relations to produce a system specifically designed to allow accurate documentation of land tenure from a local perspective. In addition, the SmartSkeMa adaptor which is an OWL-DL based set of rules for translating local land related concepts to the LADM concepts provides a more high-level view of the data collected (i.e., what does this concept relate to within the national LADM profile?) In this paper we present the core functionalities of SmartSkeMa using examples from Kenya and Ethiopia. Based on an expert survey and focus groups held in Kenya, we also analyze how the approach fairs on the Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration tools scale. The results indicate that the approach could be beneficial in scaling up mapping of community and customary lands as well as help reduce conflict through its participatory nature.
Molecular Genetics in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies
Authors: Umakanthan Srikanth , Bukelo Maryann M
Published: June 2021

Global genomic studies have detected the role of genomic alterations in the pathogenesis of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors. EBV oncoproteins cause a vital shift of EBV from an infectious virus to an oncogenic form during the latent and lytic phase within the lymphoid B cells and epithelial cells. This epigenetic alteration modulates the virus and host genomes and inactivates and disrupts numerous tumor suppressors and signaling pathways. Genomic profiling has played the main role in identifying EBV cancer pathogenesis and its related targeted therapies. This article reviews the role of genetic changes in EBV-associated lymphomas and carcinomas. This includes the prolific molecular genesis, key diagnostic tools, and target-specific drugs that have been in recent clinical use.
Description of a CSF-Enriched miRNA Panel for the Study of Neurological Diseases
Authors: Muñoz-San Martín María , Gomez Imma , Miguela Albert , Belchí Olga , Robles-Cedeño René , Quintana Ester , Ramió-Torrentà Lluís
Published: June 2021

Background: The study of circulating miRNAs in CSF has gained tremendous attention during the last years, as these molecules might be promising candidates to be used as biomarkers and provide new insights into the disease pathology of neurological disorders. Objective: The main aim of this study was to describe an OpenArray panel of CSF-enriched miRNAs to offer a suitable tool to identify and characterize new molecular signatures in different neurological diseases. Methods: Two hundred and fifteen human miRNAs were selected to be included in the panel, and their expression and abundance in CSF samples were analyzed. In addition, their stability was studied in order to propose suitable endogenous controls for CSF miRNA studies. Results: miR-143-3p and miR-23a-3p were detected in all CSF samples, while another 80 miRNAs were detected in at least 70% of samples. miR-770-5p was the most abundant miRNA in CSF, presenting the lowest mean Cq value. In addition, miR-26b-5p, miR-335-5p and miR-92b-3p were the most stable miRNAs and could be suitable endogenous normalizers for CSF miRNA studies. Conclusions: These OpenArray plates might be a suitable and efficient tool to identify and characterize new molecular signatures in different neurological diseases and would improve the yield of miRNA detection in CSF.
Mass Spectrometric Profiling of Extraocular Muscle and Proteomic Adaptations in the mdx-4cv Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Gargan Stephen , Dowling Paul , Zweyer Margit , Reimann Jens , Henry Michael , Meleady Paula , Swandulla Dieter , Ohlendieck Kay
Published: June 2021

Extraocular muscles (EOMs) represent a specialized type of contractile tissue with unique cellular, physiological, and biochemical properties. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, EOMs stay functionally unaffected in the course of disease progression. Therefore, it was of interest to determine their proteomic profile in dystrophinopathy. The proteomic survey of wild type mice and the dystrophic mdx-4cv model revealed a broad spectrum of sarcomere-associated proteoforms, including components of the thick filament, thin filament, M-band and Z-disk, as well as a variety of muscle-specific markers. Interestingly, the mass spectrometric analysis revealed unusual expression levels of contractile proteins, especially isoforms of myosin heavy chain. As compared to diaphragm muscle, both proteomics and immunoblotting established isoform MyHC14 as a new potential marker in wild type EOMs, in addition to the previously identified isoforms MyHC13 and MyHC15. Comparative proteomics was employed to establish alterations in the protein expression profile between normal EOMs and dystrophin-lacking EOMs. The analysis of mdx-4cv EOMs identified elevated levels of glycolytic enzymes and molecular chaperones, as well as decreases in mitochondrial enzymes. These findings suggest a process of adaptation in dystrophin-deficient EOMs via a bioenergetic shift to more glycolytic metabolism, as well as an efficient cellular stress response in EOMs in dystrophinopathy.
Goal-Oriented Optimization of Dynamic Simulations to Find a Balance between Performance Enhancement and Injury Prevention during Volleyball Spiking
Authors: Gupta Dhruv , Donnelly Cyril J. , Jensen Jody L. , Reinbolt Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2021

Performance enhancement and injury prevention are often perceived as opposite sides of a coin, where focusing on improvements of one leads to detriment of the other. In this study, we used physics-based simulations with novel optimization methods to find participant-specific, whole-body mechanics of volleyball spiking that enhances performance (the peak height of the hitting hand and its forward velocity) while minimizing injury risk. For the volleyball spiking motion, the shoulder is the most common injury site because of the high mechanical loads that are most pronounced during the follow-through phase of the movement. We analyzed 104 and 209 spiking trials across 13 participants for the power and follow-through phases, respectively. During the power phase, simulations increased (p < 0.025) the peak height of the hitting wrist by 1% and increased (p < 0.025) the forward wrist velocity by 25%, without increasing peak shoulder joint torques, by increasing the lower-limb forward swing (i.e., hip flexion, knee extension). During the follow-through phase, simulations decreased (p < 0.025) peak shoulder joint torques by 75% elicited by synergistic rotation of the trunk along the pathway of the hitting arm. Our results show that performance enhancement and injury prevention are not mutually exclusive and may both be improved simultaneously, potentially leading to better-performing and injury-free athletes.
cfDNA Sequencing: Technological Approaches and Bioinformatic Issues
Authors: Bohers Elodie , Viailly Pierre-Julien , Jardin Fabrice
Published: June 2021

In the era of precision medicine, it is crucial to identify molecular alterations that will guide the therapeutic management of patients. In this context, circulating tumoral DNA (ctDNA) released by the tumor in body fluids, like blood, and carrying its molecular characteristics is becoming a powerful biomarker for non-invasive detection and monitoring of cancer. Major recent technological advances, especially in terms of sequencing, have made possible its analysis, the challenge still being its reliable early detection. Different parameters, from the pre-analytical phase to the choice of sequencing technology and bioinformatic tools can influence the sensitivity of ctDNA detection.
Influence of HRGO Nanoplatelets on Behaviour and Processing of PMMA Bone Cement for Surgery
Authors: Orellana Jaime , Pastor Ynés Yohana , Calle Fernando , Pastor José Ygnacio
Published: June 2021

Bone cement, frequently based on poly (methyl methacrylate), is commonly used in different arthroplasty surgical procedures and its use is essential for prosthesis fixation. However, its manufacturing process reaches high temperatures (up to 120 °C), producing necrosis in the patients’ surrounding tissues. To help avoid this problem, the addition of graphene could delay the polymerisation of the methyl methacrylate as it could, simultaneously, favour the optimisation of the composite material’s properties. In this work, we address the effect of different percentages of highly reduced graphene oxide with different wt.% (0.10, 0.50, and 1.00) and surface densities (150, 300, 500, and 750 m2/g) on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of commercial poly (methyl methacrylate)-based bone cement and its processing. It was noted that a lower sintering temperature was achieved with this addition, making it less harmful to use in surgery and reducing its adverse effects. In contrast, the variation of the density of the materials did not introduce significant changes, which indicates that the addition of highly reduced graphene oxide would not significantly increase bone porosity. Lastly, the mechanical properties (strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness) were reduced by almost 20%. Nevertheless, their typical values are high enough that these new materials could still fulfil their structural function. In conclusion, this paper presents a way to control the sintering temperature, without significant degradation of the mechanical performance, by adding highly reduced graphene oxide so that local necrosis of bone cement based on poly (methyl methacrylate) used in surgery is avoided.
Differentiation of Polyamide 6, 6.6, and 12 Contaminations in Polyolefin-Recyclates Using HPLC Coupled to Drift-Tube Ion-Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Schweighuber Andrea , Fischer Jörg , Buchberger Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

Recycling is a current hot topic with a focus especially on plastics. The quality of such plastic recyclates is of utmost importance for further processing because impurities lead to a reduction thereof. Contaminations originating from other polymers are highly problematic due to their immiscibility with the recyclate, leading to possible product failures. Therefore, methods for the determination of polymer impurities in recyclates should be investigated. In this paper, an approach for the identification of three different polyamide grades (polyamide 6, 6.6, and 12) is presented, applicable for the analysis of polyolefin-recyclates. An HPLC equipped with a drift-tube ion-mobility QTOF-MS was used for the identification and differentiation of compounds originating from the polyamides, which were then used as markers. These marker compounds are specific for each type and can be identified by their corresponding value of the collision cross section (CCS). After a simple sample preparation, all three types of polyamides were identified within one measurement. In particular, the problematic differentiation of polyamide 6 and 6.6 was easily made possible.
The Prevalence of Nomophobia by Population and by Research Tool: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
Authors: Humood Ali , Altooq Noor , Altamimi Abdullah , Almoosawi Hasan , Alzafiri Maryam , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Husni Mariwan , Jahrami Haitham
Published: June 2021

Background: No systematic review or meta-analysis has yet been performed to examine the global prevalence of nomophobia by population, by instrument. Thus, this review was performed to estimate the prevalence of nomophobia by severity. Methods: American Psychological Association PsycINFO, Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCOhost, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest Medical, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception of each respective database to second week of January 2021 were used. There was no language restriction. The random-effect meta-analysis model was used with the DerSimonian and Laird methodology was used for computation. Results: Twenty papers, involving 12,462 participants from ten countries, were evaluated for meta-analysis. The prevalence of moderate to severe nomophobia is 70.76% [95% CI 62.62%; 77.75%]. The prevalence of severe nomophobia is 20.81% [95% CI 15.45%; 27.43%]. University students appeared to be the highest group affected with a prevalence of severe nomophobia 25.46% [95% CI 18.49%; 33.98%]. Meta-regressions of severe nomophobia showed that age and sex were not a successful predictor of severe nomophobia β = −0.9732, p = 0.2672 and β = −0.9732, p = 0.4986. Conclusions: The prevalence of severe nomophobia is approximately 21% in the general adult population. University students appeared to be the most impacted by the disorder.
The Regulatory Mechanism of Water Activities on Aflatoxins Biosynthesis and Conidia Development, and Transcription Factor AtfB Is Involved in This Regulation
Authors: Ma Longxue , Li Xu , Ma Xiaoyun , Yu Qiang , Yu Xiaohua , Liu Yang , Nie Chengrong , Zhang Yinglong , Xing Fuguo
Published: June 2021

Peanuts are frequently infected by Aspergillus strains and then contaminated by aflatoxins (AF), which brings out economic losses and health risks. AF production is affected by diverse environmental factors, especially water activity (aw). In this study, A. flavus was inoculated into peanuts with different aw (0.90, 0.95, and 0.99). Both AFB1 yield and conidia production showed the highest level in aw 0.90 treatment. Transcriptional level analyses indicated that AF biosynthesis genes, especially the middle- and later-stage genes, were significantly up-regulated in aw 0.90 than aw 0.95 and 0.99. AtfB could be the pivotal regulator response to aw variations, and could further regulate downstream genes, especially AF biosynthesis genes. The expressions of conidia genes and relevant regulators were also more up-regulated at aw 0.90 than aw 0.95 and 0.99, suggesting that the relative lower aw could increase A. flavus conidia development. Furthermore, transcription factors involved in sexual development and nitrogen metabolism were also modulated by different aw. This research partly clarified the regulatory mechanism of aw on AF biosynthesis and A. flavus development and it would supply some advice for AF prevention in food storage.
Daily Headache in Chronic Migraine Is a Predictive Factor of Response in Patients Who Had Completed Three Sessions of OnabotulinumtoxinA
Authors: Martínez-Pías Enrique , Guerrero Ángel L. , Sierra Álvaro , Trigo Javier , García-Azorín David
Published: June 2021

OnabotulinumtoxinA is one of the main preventive treatments for chronic migraine. Despite that up to one third of patients with chronic migraine suffer from daily headache, these individuals have hardly been studied. We conducted a prospective cohort study, including patients with chronic migraine and treated with OnabotulinumtoxinA according to the PREEMPT paradigm. The primary endpoint was to assess whether patients with chronic migraine and daily headache had a different response after three sessions of OnabotulinutoxinA than patients without daily headache. The secondary endpoint was to analyse the presence of predictive factors that could be associated with a higher response to OnabotulinumtoxinA. Patients with daily headache had a reduction of 14.9 (SD: 9.7) headache days per month, patients with 22–29 headache days a reduction of 10.6 (SD: 9.9) days, and patients with 15–21 headache days a reduction of 8.6 (SD: 7.1) days (p < 0.001). In the univariate regression analysis, a higher number of headache days per month at baseline was associated with higher odds of reduction in the number of headache days per month after OnabotulinumtoxinaA treatment (OR: 0.474, 95% CI: 0.278–0.670, p < 0.001). This association was maintained in the multivariate regression analysis (OR: 0.540, 95% CI: 0.333–0.746, p < 0.001). In our sample, daily headache was not associated with a worse response to OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment. A higher frequency of headache at baseline was a predictor of better response to OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment.
Ulcerative colitis in the practice of a medical assistant
Authors: Skvortsov Vsevolod
Published: June 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease caused by immune disorders, mental disorders, genetics, and other factors. Its main clinical manifestations are accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools, weight loss, etc. A distinctive feature of nonspecific ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease is its limitation by the large intestine, as well as the limited inflammation of the mucous membrane [1].
The disease affects various age groups from infants to the elderly, with a maximum incidence rate between the ages of 15 to 30 years and between 50 and 70 years. UC seriously affects human health and quality of life because of its long duration and repeated attacks, and also there is a risk of developing colorectal cancer. The
disease violates the quality of life and leads to disability [2]. The article presents the causes of ulcerative colitis and describes the mechanisms for the development of pathological changes in the intestine. The principles of patient management, taking into account the severity of the disease, and the tactics of rational drug therapy are
presented.
Application of information technologies in the work of the methodologist of the Division of Organization of Medical Care for Adults of the Department of Medical Care Organization of the Ministry of Health of the Ulyanovsk region
Authors: Arapova Svetlana , Imatdinova Ramila
Published: June 2021

Information technologies are an ordered set of ways and methods of collecting, processing, accumulating, storing, searching, protecting, and consuming information. Modern medical organizations produce and accumulate huge amounts of data. Due to this, medicine acquires completely new features. In many medical studies, a computer and special software cannot be dispensed with. This is accompanied by significant changes in medical theory and practice, making adjustments at the stage of training of medical workers, which made it possible to solve the most urgent problem of informatization, that is, the involvement of medical workers in the information system operation.
Innovative project «Vector of Professional Movement» for acquisition of competencies by the middle medical personnel in the conditions of the medical department
Authors: Ovchinnikova Oksana
Published: June 2021

The goal is to develop and study an experimental method for acquiring competencies by
middle medical personnel and to prove its effectiveness in an inpatient Medical Department. Material and methods: analysis of the data obtained during the implementation of this method in the work of employees from among the middle medical personnel of Psychiatric Phthisiology Department No. 14 of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Samara Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital. Results: an innovative method of acquiring competencies by middle medical personnel has been developed and introduced into the practice of Psychiatric Phthisiology Department No. 14 of the SBHI SRCPH.
The positive influence of the method on the medical activity of nurses of the Medical Department has been proven.
Development of soft dosage forms of pyrimidine derivatives based on carbopols
Authors: Boldina Maria , Grikh Viktoriya , Gubanova Alina , Stantsov Maxim , Kozlova Anna
Published: June 2021

In the process of improving the technology for obtaining and expanding the range of dosage forms of known pharmaceutical substances, an important aspect is to reduce side effects and ensure ease of use. At the same time, medicines should provide the most important properties of pharmaceutical substances, namely, their most rapid and complete release from the base of the dosage form and penetration into the target organ, which should serve as factors in justifying formulations and technologies of effective and safe medicines [3, 4]. Due to the lesser manifestation of side effects and ease of use, soft dosage forms (gels, ointments) are among the most demanded dosage forms on the modern pharmaceutical market. The trend towards replacing hydrophobic bases in soft dosage forms with hydrophilic ones has been traced in pharmacy for quite a long time, since gels provide higher efficiency in application due to better penetration of pharmaceutical substances through the skin barrier relative to hydrophobic ointments. The presence of a polymer-gelling agent in gels determines not only the rheological properties of medicines, but also allows a highly dispersed solid phase of a pharmaceutical substance to be included in the network structure of a polymer and to maintain the dispersion of a pharmaceutical substance poorly soluble in water during storage. Methyluracil, also known as dioxomethyltetrahydropyrimidine, is a derivative of pyrimidine, a structural element of nucleic acids and is used in the treatment of diseases of various etiologies, mainly to improve the course of regeneration in damaged tissues. A significant disadvantage of methyluracil is its low solubility in water, which significantly affects the degree of release of the pharmaceutical substance from the base of the drug [1]. Due to the lack of methyluracil gels on the pharmaceutical market, their development using acrylic acid derivatives in order to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of a pharmaceutical substance is an important problem in pharmacy.
Peculiarities of patent marketing research in the development of medical preparations
Authors: Popova Anna O.
Published: June 2021

Patent marketing research refers to a special part of marketing research using patent information as the main information base. Conducting patent marketing research is especially important in the highly competitive pharmaceutical field.
Adósságfékszabályok a jelzálog-hitelezésben
Authors: Kim Donát
Published: June 2021

A tanulmányomban megvizsgáltam a magyarországi lakossági ingatlanhitelezésre vonatkozó adósságfékszabályokat, amelyeket a Magyar Nemzeti Bank vezetett be. Megítélésem szerint azok bevezetése indokolt volt, ugyanakkor célszerű felülvizsgálni az alkalmazott eszköztárat. A nemzetközi példák és a szakirodalmi feldolgozás alapján arra a következtetésre jutottam, hogy az LTV- (loan-to-value) szabályozás összhangban áll az európai gyakorlattal és a kutatók eredményeivel. Ezzel szemben a PTI- (payment-to-income) arány helyett érdemes fontolóra venni az LTI- (loan-to-income) arány bevezetését, mivel időben stabilabb, és nincs átváltási ösztönző a kockázati tényezők növekedése és a PTI-szabályozás szerinti törvényben szabályozott maximálisan felvehető összeg növelése között.
الإجراءات الأسلوبية لشعرية الانزواء عند السُّمَيسِر
Authors: OMAR Ahmad
Published: June 2021

يتناول البحث دراسة الإجراءات الأسلوبية للفن الشعري عند الشاعر خلف بن فرج الإلبيري، المشهور بالسُّميسِر، من شعراء القرن الخامس الهجري، زمن ملوك الطوائف في الأندلس، بما يرتبط بشعرية الانزواء والدفع النفسي من خلال الأساليب الشعرية، نتيجة ما حل في هذا الصقع الأندلسي من محن وابتلاءات عظيمة، ليس أقلها فقد الأمن، ومهادنة الأعداء، والنفاق الاجتماعي، والتنقل المستمر، والاغتراب الروحي، مما جعل العوامل السياسية والاجتماعية متداخلة في تشكيلاته النفسية التي راح من خلالها ينسج شعرية الانزواء عبر الهجاء، والاعتراض المتواصل، وسوء الظن بالناس، ومخالفة السائد في الغزل. وقد عالج البحث هذه الجوانب كلها انطلاقاً من دراسة البواعث التي صنعت هذه التشكيلات الشعرية عنده، فانتهى إلى أنه إنسان رقيق القلب، دَفَعَ سطوةَ الواقعِ عنه بسطوة اللسان، ولاسيما حين اهتمَّت السلطةُ بالأنا وتركتِ الجماعة، حتى عبَّر لنا عن خوفه من الإنجاب، فكانت الأسلوبية النصية عنده أسلوبية قاتمة، أفضتْ به إلى محاولاتٍ تصالحية مع الأشياء، ولاسيما أنَّ أقلام النقَّاد قديماً وحديثاً تناولت منهجيته الشعرية وفق اتجاهات لا تراعي هذه الظلال النفسية.
Klasik Dönem Fıkıh Usûlü Literatüründe Edebü’l-Fetvanın Yeri
Authors: ÇİNAR Fatih
Published: June 2021

İslam âlimleri, edebü’l-fetvayı/fetva usûlünü muhtelif fıkıh kaynaklarında ele almışlardır. Edebü’l-fetvanın doğup geliştiği ilk kaynaklar arasında fıkıh usûlü eserleri yer almaktadır. Bu itibarla çalışmamızda, fetva usûlünün yeri ve gelişimi, fıkıh usûlü literatürü bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada dört Sünnî mezhebe ilişkin eserler esas kabul edilmiştir. Bilindiği gibi fıkıh usûlü eserleri telif yöntemine göre fukaha ve mütekellim metodu olmak üzere iki kısma ayrılmıştır. Fukaha metoduna göre kaleme alınmış el-Fusûl fi’l-usûl, Takvîmu’l-edille fî usûli’l-fıkh, Usûlü’s-Serahsî, Mîzânü’l-usûl fî netâici’l-‘ukûl gibi eserler dikkatlice taranmıştır. Mütekellim metoduna göre hazırlanmış eserler de titiz bir şekilde gözden geçirilmiştir. Mâlikî mezhebi çerçevesinde İhkâmü’l-fusûl fî ahkâmi’l-usûl, Îzâhu’l-mahsûl min Burhâni’l-usûl ve el-Mahsûl fî usûli’l-fıkh gibi eserler araştırılmıştır. Şâfiî fakihler tarafından kaleme alınan el-Fakîh ve’l-mütefakkih, Şerhu’l-Lüma‘, Kitâbu’t-Telhîs, Kavâtıʻu’l-edille fi’l-usûl, el-Mustasfâ vb. kitaplar özenle incelenmiştir. Aynı şekilde Hanbelî çevrelerde yazılan Risâle fî usûli’l-fıkh, et-Temhîd fî usûli’l-fıkh, Ravzatu’n-nâzır ve cünnetü’l-münâzır adlı kaynaklar araştırmanın merkezinde yer almıştır. Sonuç olarak fetva usûlünün çoğunlukla ictihad ve taklid çerçevesinde tartışıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Ultrasonik Cihazlarla Yağ Alma Ameliyatının İntraoperatif Subkutan Radyofrekans Uygulamasıyla Kombine Edilmesi
Authors: CELİK Naci
Published: June 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Liposuction ameliyatı bir kilo verme yöntemi olmayıp vücut kontur bozukluğunu düzeltmek için yapılan bir işlemdir. Ancak kontur bozukluğu olan her birey liposuction için uygun bir aday olmayabilir. Liposcution’ın önemli bir kontrendikasyonu derinin gevşekliğidir. Her ne kadar son 10 yıldır yaygın şekilde kullanılan üçüncü jenerasyon ultrasonik cihazlar, deriden yüzeyel yağ alınmasına izin verdiği için bir miktar deride sıkılaşma yapsa da bu yeterli olmamakta ve pek çok hasta liposuction için uygun bulunmamaktadır. Bu noktada termal enerji ile fibroseptal ağı uyaran radyofrekans cihazları iyi bir alternatif olabilir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Deri yapısı gevşek ve liposuction için ideal aday olmayan 7 erkek 3 kadın hasta bu çalışmaya alınmıştır. Bu hastalara ultrasonik liposuction uygulanarak yağ alınmış ve bu işlemin ardından da subkutan plasma radyofrekans uygulanarak deride sıkılaşma sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Daha sonra hastalar kontrollere çağrılarak fotoğrafları çekilmiş ve hasta memnuniyetleri araştırılmıştır.

Bulgular: Ameliyat sırasında hastaların tamamında radyofrekans uygulanması sonrası deride sıkılaşma başladığı görülmüş ve bu etkinin ilk 3 ay boyunca arttığı gözlenmiştir. Yazar, derinin sıkılaşması sübjektif bir bulgu olduğu için sıkılaşma miktarını anlayabilmek için, ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası fotoğrafları incelemiş ve daha önemlisi hastaların verilen anket sorularına cevaplarını değerlendirmiştir.

Sonuç: Teknolojik liposuction diyebileceğimiz ultrason+radyofrekans kombinasyonu normalde liposuction için uygun olmayan, derisi gevşek hastalarda, ideal bir kombinasyon oluşturma açısından umut verici görünmektedir.
Geoarqueología y conservación del patrimonio en la antigua ciudad de Quilmes (Tucumán, Argentina)
Authors: Sampietro Vattuone Maria Marta , Peña Monné José L.
Published: June 2021

La antigua ciudad de Quilmes se localiza en el valle del río Santa María, en el noroeste de la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina). El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el estado de conservación y los procesos degradativos que la afectan desde una perspectiva geoarqueológica. La ciudad está ubicada en un área de conos aluviales coalescentes activos y laderas lo que facilitó el acceso al agua en el pasado. Sin embargo, en la actualidad las posibilidades de conservación se complican por la torrencialidad del sistema. La ciudad está repartida en tres zonas (A, B y C), cada una con sus propias características geomorfológicas y, por consiguiente, con problemas específicos a tener en cuenta. Los numerosos cauces fluviales procedentes de la Sierra de Quilmes generan procesos de erosión en las estructuras arqueológicas principalmente en el cono del río Las Agüitas en la zona A (sector no restaurado). Por otra parte, en el sector restaurado (zona B), la fuerte pendiente y la eliminación de la vegetación favorece la escorrentía superficial generando zonas de lavado intenso con movilización de sedimentos. Finalmente, el sector de producción agraria (zona C), instalado sobre el cono del río Los Candados es el menos afectado por estos problemas.
Arqueología Histórica en contextos de trasformación urbana. El caso de Concepción de la Sierra (Misiones, Argentina). Entre la materialidad arqueológica y la patrimonialización de un pueblo misionero
Authors: Ocampo Amanda
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo de tesis doctoral propuso el estudio del sitio arqueológico de la antigua reducción de “Nuestra señora de la Concepción de la limpia Ibitiracuá” o Concepción, ubicado en el casco urbano del municipio de Concepción de la Sierra en la provincia de Misiones. El mismo se posiciona como un espacio de gran potencial para investigar y aportar al estudio de la historia del periodo jesuítico desde la arqueología, contribuyendo además a la protección del patrimonio histórico y arqueológico de la región desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria. Como punto de partida se introdujo una revisión general de los pueblos de la actual provincia de Misiones; tanto de trazados urbanos jesuíticos como de los posteriores, pensando en las circunstancias de ocupación y asentamiento que influyeron en los procesos de reorganización espacial como consecuencia de la expulsión de los jesuitas (Poenitz y Poenitz, 2017). En este sentido, se comenzó por el momento de ocupación jesuítica como marco contextual y con el objetivo de identificar características particulares en la dinámica de reutilización de los sitios en perspectiva histórica, puesto que algunos ex- pueblos jesuíticos están resituados y reactualizados en contextos modernos.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BINARY INSTALLATION DISPATCH SYSTEM BASED ON THE SIEMENS TIA PORTAL SOFTWARE
Authors: Пашаев В.В. , Исаева М.Р. , Лабазанов М.А.
Published: June 2021

В данной работе представлены результаты исследований, связанные с возможностью реализации бинарной установки генерации электроэнергии для самообеспечения геотермальной станции на основе реализации циркуляционной схемы использования глубинного тепла Земли (ГСЦС). Авторами рассмотрена схема бинарной установки с включением экономайзера. Разработанная программа пользовательского интерфейса предназначена для реализации человеко-машинного интерфейса автоматизированной системы управления и контроля опытно-промышленной геотермальной станции на основе реализации циркуляционной схемы использования глубинного тепла Земли. Произведен подбор аппаратно-технических и программных средств для выполнения программы.

This article presents the results of studies related to the possibility of implementing a binary installation of electricity generation for self-support of a geothermal station based on the implementation of the circulation scheme for using the Earths deep heat (GSCS). The authors considered a binary installation scheme with the economizer on. The developed user interface program is designed to implement a human-machine interface of an automated control and monitoring system for a pilot industrial geothermal station based on the implementation of the circulation scheme for using the Earths deep heat. The selection of hardware and software and software for the program.
AUTOMATION OF THE STEAM PRODUCTION FOR DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS
Authors: Амхадов М.А. , Сусуркаев Х.Н. , Садыков Х.А.
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматривается производство пара как объект автоматизации, представлены материалы по основным подходам при автоматизации производства пара, рассматриваются принципы формирования схемы управления, а также структура системы управления. Рассматриваются проблемы, возникающие при передаче произведенного пара на расстояние. Описываются параметры для контроля, регулирования, сигнализации и блокировки для оптимального управления котлоагрегатами. Анализируются применяемые приборы и средства автоматизации, программные средства, включая интегрированную систему проектирования и управления TRACE MODE. Рассматривается пример автоматизации парогенератора Грозненского завода железобетонных изделий в виде разработанных окон в TRACE MODE 6.0.

The article deals with the production of steam as an object of automation, presents materials on the main approaches to the automation of steam production, discusses the principles of formation of the control scheme, as well as the structure of the control system. The problems arising in the transmission of produced steam over a distance are considered. Parameters for control, regulation, signalling and interlocking for optimum boiler control are described. The applied devices and means of automation, software, including the integrated system of design and control of TRACE MODE are analyzed. The authors describe the case study of automation of a steam generator of the Grozny concrete products plant in the form developed by Windows in TRACE MODE 6.0.
SYNTHESIS OF 2,2’ – DI-1,3-DIAZOPERENES
Authors: Магомадова М.Х. , Аксенов А.В. , Магомадова М.Х. , Турлуев Р.А. , Идрисова Э.У.
Published: June 2021

Разработан новый метод получения 1,3диазапиренов посредством пери-аннелирования пери мидинов 1,3дикарбонильными соединениями. Показано, что такой метод обладает рядом пре имуществ по сравнению с описанным ранее методом Пожарского-Боровлева, использующим халконы в качестве электрофильных компонентов и требующим окислительной ароматизации частично гидрированных промежуточных продуктов. Кроме того, показано, что новый метод от лично применим для эффективного двукратного пери-аннелирования бипeримидинов 1,3ди карбонильными соединениями с целью получения 2,2 би-1,3диазапиренов. Строение 2,2 ди-1,3диазапиренов подтверждено с помощью масс-спектрометрии высокого разрешения, 1Н и 13С ЯМР спектроскопии. В том числе, для этого использовались и двумерные методы HSQCE1H-13C и HMBC1H-13C. Элементный состав соединений определяли при помощи масс-спектрометрии вы сокого разрешения.

A novel method of producing 1,3diazapirenes by peri-annelating perimidines with 1,3dicarbonyl compounds has been developed. This method is shown to have a number of advantages over the Pozharsky-Borovlev method described above, which uses halcones as electrophilic components and requires oxidative aromatization of partially hydrogenated intermediates. Furthermore, the novel method has been shown to be excellent for the effective double peri-annelation of the 1, 3dicarbonyl compounds to produce 2, 2 -bi-1,3diazapirenes. The structure of 2,2 -di-1,3diazapirenes was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry, 1Н and 13С NMR spectroscopy. This included two-dimensional methods of HSQCE1H-13C and HMBC1H-13C. The elemental composition of the compounds was determined by high resolution mass spectrometry.
THE EFFECT OF HEAT DRAINAGE INTENSITY ON THE DENDRITIC AND ZONE HETEROGENEITYOF STEEL BARS
Authors: Уздиева Н. С. , Ахтаев С. С-С. , Эльмурзаев А. А. , Нурадинов А. С.
Published: June 2021

Исследовано влияние внешних физических воздействий на процессы затвердевания и формирования структуры слитков методом физического моделирования. Определен характер распределения ликватов по сечению затвердевших слитков, параметры их структур и двухфазных зон. Доказано решающее значение конвективного и капиллярного массопереносов в междендритных каналах затвердевающих слитков на формирование зональной неоднородности по их сечению. Наглядно подтверждена экспериментальным способом возможность перемещения в междендритном пространстве затвердевающего сплава ликвирующих примесей в результате развития конвективного и капиллярного массопереносов. Доказано, что можно влиять на развитие зональной неоднородности в слитках при затвердевании сплавов путем изменения соотношения скоростей кристаллизации и движения ликватов (R/W), а также приложением внешнего давления на расплав.

The effect of external physical influences on the processes of hardening and formation of bullion structure by physical modeling has been investigated. The nature of the distribution of the faces by the section of hardened bullion and the parameters of the structure of the two-phase zone have been determined. The crucial importance of convective and capillary massoperenos in the interdendriit channels of hardening bars has been proved to form zonal heterogeneity on their section. It is clearly confirmed by an experimental method in the crystallization of the transparent organic environment (kamfen) the possibility of moving in the interdendrite space of the solidifying alloy of exquoting impurities as a result of the development of convective and capillary mass-perdenos. It has been proven that it is possible to influence the development of zonal heterogeneity in bullion when alloys harden by changing the ratio of crystallization and movement of liquats (R/W), as well as whenputting external pressure on the melt.
THE RHODES-LIVINGSTONE INSTITUTE AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN NORTHERN RHODESIA (ZAMBIA), 1937-1964
Authors: Tembo Alfred
Published: June 2021

This article examines the rise of interdisciplinary research in Northern Rhodesia (colonial Zambia). It does this by exploring path breaking research conducted by the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute since its founding in 1937 up to the country's attainment of independence from Britain in 1964. The article argues that the rationale for the establishment of the research institute was due to the pressing need for knowledge owing to the emergence of social problems related to urban growth and labour migration by the 1930s. While not pretending to be an exhaustive survey of the work of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, the article notes that research outcomes from the Institute were utilised by the colonial administration and other stakeholders such as mining companies on the Copperbelt in order to understand the human situation in the country. By the 1950s, however, the Institute had become at variance with Government officials as the latter suspected many researchers of being sympathetic to the African political cause.
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN DEMOCRATIC SOUTH AFRICA: CELEBRATIONS, CONTESTATIONS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Melber Henning
Published: June 2021

South Africans often proudly proclaim that our Constitution is one of the most progressive in the world. Yet if you ask most South Africans how they really feel about gay rights, abortion and the death penalty, their answers, more often than not, contradict the values enshrined in the Constitution. (Ahmed 2014) This is the sobering assessment of the Chief Executive of the South African Human Rights Commission 20 years into democratic South Africa. The document adopted by The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996 was considered an exemplary showpiece for the new democratic, human rights based era — embraced as "proudly South African" among the world's most enlightened legal frameworks. Taking stock almost two decades later, however, constitutionality seems to have not yet been deeply and firmly anchored in public awareness or ingrained into a ] social fabric guiding the fundamental values, ethics and norms as reflected by ordinary public perception and opinion. Nor have policy makers in the government seemingly internalised an unconditional respect for and recognition of the governance principles enshrined in this Constitution, as some recent examples seem to suggest. The current controversy around the "spy tapes", but even more so the contested role of the public protector — dubbed "a jewel in South Africa's constitutional crown" (Pieters 2014) — and her stance with regard to Nkandla and the obligations of the head of state to respond to her recommendations are obvious tips of the iceberg. But current discourses at the same time are a mirror image of the ongoing struggles over the power of definition and the interpretation, as well as adherence, to the rules of the game as laid down in the normative framework. As constitutions elsewhere, there is a discrepancy between what is stated, how it ought to be understood and interpreted, how it should be adhered to and applied, and what the intended effects, as well as the real consequences are. It therefore is not by accident that debates and contestations over the meaning and implications of constitutional principles are an eminently political affair and an integral part of governance. It would be more worrying, if this would not be the case, since this would suggest that those in control over society reign supreme in the sense of governing without checks and balances. So then let's have a closer look at the issues at stake.
IN THIS ISSUE
Authors: Melber Henning
Published: June 2021

This year will focus on celebrations and reflections on occasion of the 70th anniversary of the United Nations. At the same time, the Millennium Development Goals as well as the Sustainable Development Goals for thepost-2015 era remain central items on the agenda when global governance issues and international responsibilities are discussed.Notions, which by implication always also carry a local meaning and impact on domestic policy in as much as domestic policy (not only as foreign policy) also impacts on global governance issues. The divide often maintained is more than ever artificial and misleading in the face of the global challenges humanity faces — not only in terms of environmental degradation as a resultof climate change. Many issues do not have any territorial boundaries orare transcending those.

The inter-linkages of the local and the global (for which the term'glocal' was minted a few years ago) are obvious not only when it comes tohumanitarian disasters and emergency situations appealing to globalsolidarity, such as the recent earthquake in Nepal and its devastating consequences. Other manifestations of solidarity in a global world include the almost world-wide 'Je Suis Charlie' response and outcry to the terrorist attack on the journal and the cold-blooded execution of its cartoonists in Paris. The gathering of world leaders there in defiance of the assault on civil liberties and freedoms of expression was a symbolic act of some magnitude and brought together even deeply antagonistic political players. But at the same time the lack of similar visible and determined symbolic acts of defiance by the world's political leaders and Western civil society agencies, suggesting an absence of a similar degree of moral outcry and global protest over the ongoing slaughters and abductions by Boko Haram in Nigeria or the massacre of students at the Garissa University College in Kenya seem to suggest that we still live in times of double standards and/or selective perceptions. Humanity as well as humanbeings remain divided and seem to live in different worlds. Likewise, the tragedies taking place visibly in broad daylight on the Mediterranean Sea, reaching a scale of human loss at days bordering to the numerical proportions of 9/11, have not been met with a similar rigorous political will topromote true values of humanity.
CHINESE AND AFRICAN MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURS' ARTICULATION SHAPED BY AFRICAN AGENCY
Authors: Kohnert Dirk
Published: June 2021

Much has been written on the relationship of China and Africa in the past decade. However, the subject of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Africa and their articulation with African counterparts was little explored up to the early 2010s. Apparently, this research gap has been closed, as shown by four publications in recent years: three edited volumes and one monograph, focusing on this subject. In view of early prejudices on the passive or even disapproving reception of Chinese migrants by Africans, the state of the art underlines the importance and scope of African agency vis à vis Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Africa. This has been underlined unison in the four books under review.