bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic analysis of the Hmga2 3′ UTR identifies many independent regulatory sequences and a novel interaction between distal sites
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Katla , Fogarty Elizabeth A. , Grimson Andrew
Published: May 2015

The 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) of mRNAs regulate transcripts by serving as binding sites for regulatory factors, including microRNAs and RNA binding proteins. Binding of such trans-acting factors can control the rates of mRNA translation, decay, and other aspects of mRNA biology. To better understand the role of 3′ UTRs in gene regulation, we performed a detailed analysis of a model mammalian 3′ UTR, that of Hmga2, with the principal goals of identifying the complete set of regulatory elements within a single 3′ UTR, and determining the extent to which elements interact with and affect one another. Hmga2 is an oncogene whose overexpression in cancers often stems from mutations that remove 3′-UTR regulatory sequences. We used reporter assays in cultured cells to generate maps of cis-regulatory information across the Hmga2 3′ UTR at different resolutions, ranging from 50 to 400 nt. We found many previously unidentified regulatory sites, a large number of which were up-regulating. Importantly, the overall location and impact of regulatory sites was conserved between different species (mouse, human, and chicken). By systematically comparing the regulatory impact of 3′-UTR segments of different sizes we were able to determine that the majority of regulatory sequences function independently; only a very small number of segments showed evidence of any interactions. However, we discovered a novel interaction whereby terminal 3′-UTR sequences induced internal up-regulating elements to convert to repressive elements. By fully characterizing one 3′ UTR, we hope to better understand the principles of 3′-UTR-mediated gene regulation.
Employees’ Engagement: Pros and Cons
Authors: Коновалова  , Konovalova Valyeriya
Published: May 2015

The article is devoted to the management of personnel’s involvement; it summarizes the results of Russian and foreign researches on the nature and the factors

that determine the level of employees’ engagement.The author analyzes the basic conditions that must be created in organizations for the real management

of involvement. In particular, attention is drawn to the fact that in order to increase the level of involvement an organization should provide inspiring (involving)

leadership, strong corporate culture, priority of talent growth; develop the strong sense of responsibility among its sta ; form HR-policies and procedures

consistent with the objectives of the company. Provided examples of successful involvement management practices of foreign and domestic companies are of

certain interest. Signi cant challenges to employees’ engagement are highlighted, including: poor setting of goals and objectives, lack of resources, unclear

responsibilities. The author emphasizes that the same measures to strengthen the engagement will be equally accepted by di erent groups of sta (professional,

age, demographic).
Competency Model for Managers in Client-Oriented Economy
Authors: Пуляева  , Pulyaeva Valentina
Published: May 2015

Current stage of development of economy and society is characterized by general customization, increasing role of consumers and their needs;and today only

those companies can lead the global fi erce competition which have unique intellectual resources. First of all, these resources include personnel competence. In

this regard, the modern theory of human resource management actively developsthe competency-based approach. However, the existing competency models

do not take into account all aspects of modern management and economy intellectualization, among which knowledge management has a special place due

to the dependence of quality of goods and services on managers’ skills; hence the competitiveness of the business as a whole depends on the knowledge of

managers at various levels.

This paper deals with the implementation of the principles of modern client-oriented management andoff ers the competency model for managers developed

by the author.The model meets the requirements of the new economy, in which the key role is played by professional knowledge and skills of employees in the

production of quality goods and services. This model is based on existing and proven developments in the fi eld of human resource management.The author

based the model on ”20 faces” model of manager’s competencies, but redesigned it completely, supplemented, extended and specifi ed levels of development

for each of the features in this model.

The proposed model can be an eff ective tool for human resource management and knowledge management in the transition to the production of goods and

services with high consumer value.
Competence Center As an Element of Development of Inno-Vative Potential of the Personnel Enterprise
Authors: Глухова  , Glukhova A.
Published: May 2015

The article describes the development of the system of personnel’s innovation potential, identifi es its basic elements, one of which is the Corporate Competency

Center. The paper presents the basic defi nition of a Competency Center, and defi nes its role in the development of innovative potential of the staff . The main

function of Competency Center is knowledge management, i.e. transformation of information owned by staff into the “knowledge” of the organization - the

ability of the staff to use the information at the right time and right place. The paper presents a model of capacity development of staff through the creation

of corporate competency center, as well as the main positive eff ects that are possible to achieve through the implementation of Corporate Competency Center.

The article also presents an analysis of successful practices of implementation of such centers by Gaspromneft, Luloil, BMW.
Contextual Advertising in HR-Branding: Theory, Practice and Prospects
Authors: Морозова  , Morozova M. , Соболь  , Sobol O. , Тарасенко  , Tarasenko A.
Published: May 2015

Modern companies can’t ignore the infl uence of external factors on policies in human resources management, which includes supply and demand in the labor

market. The obvious interest of the organization’s leaders in attracting the most skilled workers can be implemented by means of personnel marketing technology,

namely through the establishment and development of HR-brand.The article describes the features of the creation of HR-brand in the current economic

conditions. The article presents the modern understanding of HR-branding, its main objectives and usual mistakes in putting it into practice.The article describes

the benefi ts of using contextual advertising when creating an HR-brand.Examples of the creation and development of successful HR-brand among foreign and

Russian companies are provided along with cases of contextual advertising practicesto improve HR-brand.The analysis of the prospects of expanding the use

of contextual advertising in HR-branding suggests the formation of new trends in personnel management in coming decades.
Some Reflections on the Guevara Myth
Authors: Fatalski Marcin
Published: May 2015

Ernesto Che Guevara’s popularity climaxed several times in the last four decades. After his death Che became a symbol of revolution and his name and legacy were evoked by revolutionaries not only in Latin America. Guevara became a myth for rebels who fought with right‑wing, military regimes, but also for people who rejected capitalism and social inequality. Still, he appears to be a myth also for the Right. For right‑wing politicians and the public at large Guevara symbolizes the atrocities of communism. Some of the movements which bear Guevara on their banners could not do the same with his political and social views. The Guevara myth is falsification of a real revolutionary who was devoted to ideas of social equality and a new society, based on values opposite to those which are a cornerstone of liberal democracy. Moreover, Guevara also became a very popular symbol in modern culture. His image turned out to be a product – a fact criticized by those who knew and admired Guevara and those who condemned him as a murderer. As every myth, Guevara’s myth fulfills the needs and delivers inspiration to people who require a symbolic figure.
Bilingwizm w tekście zapisany
Authors: Ligara Bronisława
Published: May 2015

Bilingualism in text. Part 2. Transcodic markers. Genres.

The second part of this paper is a description of bilingual speech recorded in three aspects, the formal, the functional, and the one relating to genre studies. As a textual phenomenon, bilingual speech is characterized by transcodic markers, the traces of encounters between two languages: the matrix language L1 and the embedded language L2. The author introduces into the text linguistic correlates of his or her bilingual competence. These can take the shape of code switching, code mixing, or interference between L1 and L2. Coherence mechanisms, adequate to the various forms of transcodic markers, weld transcodic markers with the text in the matrix language formally and with regard to the content. These mechanisms are: grammatical rules of code switching, the matrix language frame, the local grammatical, syntactic, and semantic congruence of the two linguistic systems in contact, and also the local convergence between the elements and rules of L1 and L2. Transcodic markers are created by bilingual authors to fulfil specific roles in texts, most importantly, to enhance the referential potential and to (de)nominate the text by opening up the access to the universe of reference of L2. Other functions are the deictic function, the metacommunicative function, the function of rendering utterances that have originally arisen in L2, the polyphonic function, and also the function of transmitting strong emotions which are intimate to the sender. Transcodic markers are a transgression of the monolingual norm which is typically considered the standard in the creation of written texts. However, the analysis of recorded bilingual speech has shown that there exist genres which not only accept the introduction of transcodic markers into the text, but even actually sanction them. On the one hand, it is the literature of personal document with such genres as letter, journal, memoirs (autobiography), and on the other, linguistic mediation. In the former case, transcodic markers verbalize genre-specific features, the documentary quality and the personal element, as they are a linguistic – and thus authentic – testimony of the experience that the author has had in his or her L2, and has formed in that language. Being an inalienable part of the experience that is being related, the second language warrants an assertion of truth, documented and narrated through the given text with bilingual speech. Transcodic markers introduce senses and content that is complementary to the text in the matrix language, which is why, for a bilingual author, they are a factor that enriches his or her linguistic repertoire in the text that they are creating.
Le préfixoïde – un outil de description morphologique et élément du système de la langue française et polonaise
Authors: Fijałkowska Wanda
Published: May 2015

Prefixoid – a descriptive tool in morphology, and an element of the systems of French and Polish

Based on Polish and French vocabulary, this paper proposes criteria which shall make it possible to differentiate between prefixoids and prefixes. There are three such criteria: 1. prefixoids have the capacity to become autonomous (and even to become bases in word formation), and are impossible to substitute in their semantic representation by native prefixes, or to be expanded into full lexemes; 2. lexemes are created together with suffixoids, showing that neither of them are just affixes; 3. in some cases, the position of suffixoids can vary with regard to the lexical element which co-forms the compound lexeme. It is for these reasons that these elements deserve their own place in the morphological description of, at least, Polish and French.
„W jaki sposób wzmocnić u nas językoznawstwo?”
Authors: Skarżyński Mirosław
Published: May 2015

“How to strengthen our linguistics?” – Polish linguistics in the statements of scholars between 1918 and 1919

The Józef Mianowski Fund was a private institution that had systematically supported Polish scholars and their research since 1881, in the period when a Polish state did not exist. In 1917, it announced a questionnaire to determine, in the new political situation, the state and needs of various scientific disciplines studied in Poland and by Polish scholars in Europe. Collected from the answers of 90 scholars representing various disciplines, the results were meant to help direct the actions of the Fund in the country reborn after a period of partition. The paper presents the views of linguists Jan Rozwadowski, Kazimierz Nitsch, Stanisław Szober, and Aleksander Brückner, on the state of Polish linguistics of the time, and their proposals for research projects, needs in the area of scientific literature, organizational actions, and education of linguists and popularization of linguistics. Their articles show a realistic evaluation of the state of Polish linguistic science, and very clearly specified plans aimed at raising Polish linguistics to the European level.
Realizacja grup tš, dž w języku inteligencji wiejskiej (na przykładzie wsi podsądeckich)
Authors: Potępa Katarzyna
Published: May 2015

Phonetic realization of the sequences tš and dž in the language of rural intelligentsia of villages near Nowy Sącz

The paper analyses the pronunciation of the variables (tš) and (dž) in the language of rural intelligentsia of three villages near Nowy Sącz, in official and casual speech. The discussed variables are realized by variants which can be grouped into two categories, 1) the so-called general Polish variants ([čš], [ǯž], [dž], [ṭš], [ḍž], and 2) dialectal variants ([č] and [ǯ]) which are inconsistent with the usage prescribed for general Polish. My research reveals that the use of a specific variant is determined by: the type of communicative situation (official vs. casual), socio-biological factors (gender, age, and social background), lexical and morphological conditions, and the attitude of the speaker towards the given type of pronunciation. The analysis has shown that the simplified realization of the sequences (tš) and (dž) are firmly established in the language of the majority of informants. However, in the younger generation, in official contacts, a growing trend can be observed for this type of pronunciation to regress.
Przekład udomowiony w kulturze polskiej wczesnego modernizmu
Authors: Brzostowska‑Tereszkiewicz Tamara
Published: May 2015

Translation Domesticated in the Culture of Early Polish Modernism
The present article introduces the Modernist popular and instrumental model of literary translation. The most vivid examples of adapting the source texts to the aesthetic, social, cultural and ideological norms of the target culture have been found in translations of world literature into the dialect of the Polish Highlanders. They were representative of the “Young Poland” artistic and literary movement inspired by the folk culture of the Tatra Mountains.
Physiological and hormonal changes and GI problems experienced in pregnancy
Authors: Hall Veronica , Owens Catherine , Blackwell Rebecca
Published: May 2015

Pregnancy can be a time of uncertainty for many would-be parents. For those mothers with a pre-existing gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, it can cause many uncertainties and concerns, particuarly relating to medication and the effect of the disease on the unborn baby. This is the first in a four-article series focusing on the management of GI conditions in relation to fertility, the preconception period, during pregnancy, and the postnatal period including breast feeding. For nurses and midwives to protect and promote health and wellbeing, it is vital for them to have good insight into GI function in order to recognise abnormalities when they occur, both as part of the expected physiological adaptation of pregnancy and when intervention is required. Having this insight will allow the GI nurse to safely plan and implement evidence-based and holistic support to those who want to conceive, pregnant women, and their families as part of the wider multidisciplinary team. This article explores the various GI problems caused by pregnancy.
Effectiveness of nurse-performed endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review
Authors: Joseph Jomon , Vaughan Rhys , Strand Haakan
Published: May 2015

Background

Bowel cancer is one of the most common and potentially preventable cancers. There is strong demand for bowel cancer screening programmes within the community. Nurses may play a vital role in the success of such programmes.

Objective

The review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature identified 226 articles published in English between 1994 and 2012. Of these articles, six were included for analysis.

Results

Three outcome measures were identified, namely quality and safety, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness. Nurse-led endoscopy was comparable to physician-led endoscopy procedures with regards to indicators of quality and safety. Overall, greater patient satisfaction was reported with nurse-led endoscopy procedures and there was some evidence of improved cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion

Nurse-performed endoscopy appears to be as safe and effective as physician-performed endoscopy procedures in suitably selected patient populations. Further research and application of standardised training programmes and settings will be vital to ensuring ongoing safety and efficiency of nurse-led endoscopy.
The bee's knees
Authors: Bruin Eleanor de
Published: May 2015

Minibeasts offer a great opportunity to explore the world around us. Eleanor de Bruin outlines activities that will help children to observe a variety of bugs and insects.
Polly put the kettle on
Authors: Hampshire Viv
Published: May 2015

Tea parties provide a fun, role-play activity and they are a great way to encourage children to socialise, share and develop self-confidence. They also offer an opportunity to explore different cultures and rituals.
Get on your bike
Authors: Cruikshank Sarah
Published: May 2015

Sarah Cruikshank prepares the children in your setting for cycling with activities that will develop their confidence, strength and knowledge of the sport, such as exploring the properties of bicycles.
Worth melting for
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: May 2015

Based on the movie Frozen, the following activities provide children with the opportunity to extend their imaginations through music, dance and storytelling, and to experiment with a variety of materials and media.
Individual-level influences on journalists while reporting on Turkey-EU relations
Authors: Paksoy Alaaddin F.
Published: May 2015

Many scholars have published a considerable amount of research to illustrate the representation of Turkey’s EU bid in the British and European media. No study has specifically focused on the views of the journalists who had written news items concerning Turkey’s EU bid. In addressing this lacuna in the extant literature, this article explores the journalists’ approach to Turkey and Turkey-EU relations, and looks at what influenced their writings. The data gathered from the journalists, working for the British media, are presented by employing the individual level of Shoemaker and Reese’s hierarchical model.
A Novel Pilot Expansion Approach for MIMO Channel Estimation
Authors: Siyau Ming Fei , Li Tiancheng , Loo Jonathan
Published: May 2015

A training-based MIMO channel estimation scheme is presented to operate in severe frequency and time selective fading channels. Besides the new pilot bits designed from the ‘Paley-Hadamard’ matrix to exploit its orthogonal and ‘Toeplitz-like’ structures and minimising its pilot length, a novel pilot expansion technique is proposed to estimate the length of the channel impulse response, by flexibly extending its pilot length as required in order to capture the number of multipath existed within the MIMO channel. The pilot expansion can also help to deduce the initial channel variation and its Doppler rate which can be subsequently applied for MIMO channel tracking using decision feedback Kalman filter during the data payload.
A Study on the Key Management Strategy for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ko Hoon , Bae Kita , Marreiros Goreti , Kim Haengkon , Yoe Hyun , Ramos Carlos
Published: May 2015

Many users who are in a cyber-space usually want to join the social group to have or to share their information. Now, there are two ways to join the group, the group manager invites them, and the users who want to join ask the owner. These days the group polices usually follow this way. But, it can be faced a security problem when the manager send group messages in near future because they don’t have any securities. Therefore, the security modules to join groups will be needed when they join the group or when they read the group messages. To set the security, we have to think how to keep the key such as a generation /an update/an arrangement, because all users need the key to join the groups or to read the group messages by decrypting. The key are going to be used to joining the group when it dynamically changes such as frequent group joining and leaving. If it applies or uses the existing methods in the smart cities which consider the users who will move globally, it could easily assume that the overhead/the cost of CPU will be increased and it follows capacity down because of lots of the key updates. So, to let them down, we suggest three key strategies, a group key, a subgroup key and a session key in this paper.
Topografien des Blicks
Authors: Stemmler Susanne
Published: May 2015

Literarische Beschreibungen des 'Orients' erleben im Frankreich des 19. Jahrhunderts eine Blütezeit. Sie korrespondieren mit dem Wandel von Medium und Visualität. In Texten Nervals, Gautiers, Flauberts und Maupassants bis hin zu Loti artikulieren sich Verhältnisse zum 'Anderen' auch als räumliche Bewegungen des Blicks. Anhand typischer Konstellationen - Schleier, Monstrosität und Rausch - entwirft die Studie eine Phänomenologie literarischer Orientalismen. Die interdisziplinäre VerschränÝ kung mit postkolonialen Fragestellungen positioniert Edward Saids Orientalismus#off("i")#-These im erweiterten Spannungsfeld einer transkulturellen Topografie des Blicks.
Theater in Lebanon
Authors: Salloukh Tarek
Published: May 2015

With a rich history of conflicts, a society full of contrasts, Lebanon presents a theater not less fascinating with its wide spectrum of social peculiarities. Confessionalism, which crystallizes to a key concept in the social balance as well as its misbalance, defines the images of the »self« and of the »other« within the Christian and Moslem social worlds and in the manner they interrelate with each other. It also generates a complex base for the interpretation of theatrical signs and symbols, theater being another stage for interaction between two conflicting social worlds. This book sheds a light on theater in Lebanon, its production and reception, the significance of theatrical performance and its implications, and the many categories ruling this phenomenon.
Mit den Worten rechnen
Authors: Ramming Ulrike
Published: May 2015

Dieses Buch versucht, dem Begriff »Medien« einen systematischen Ort im Kanon des Fachs Philosophie zu geben. Zu diesem Zweck entwickelt die Autorin einen Begriff von Medien, der diese weniger unter dem Aspekt der Informationsvermittlung betrachtet als vielmehr deren transformativen Charakter betont. Exemplarisch wird er an einer zeitgenössischen Konzeption von Schrift vorgeführt, die sich nicht auf die Dimension von verschrifteter Sprache beschränkt, sondern auch logische Notationen oder Computersoftware mit umfasst. Detaillierte Analysen zentraler Arbeiten von Derrida, Wittgenstein und Goodman weisen auf, dass Medien als die nicht hintergehbare Bedingung der Möglichkeit von Sinn- und Bedeutungsgebung anzusehen sind. Die philosophische Behandlung von Medien leitet somit in eine allgemeine Theorie der Medialität über, die die Weisen unserer Erschließung von Wirklichkeit zum Gegenstand hat.
Aktivierung von Elternverantwortung
Authors: Oelkers Nina
Published: May 2015

Erstmalig werden die rechtlichen Reglungen des neuen Kindschaftsrechts einerseits und die Aufgabenwahrnehmung von Fachkräften in Jugendämtern andererseits systematisch untersucht und in einen theoriegeleiteten Kontext (Steuerung, Regulation, Gouvernementalität) gestellt. Damit erfolgt eine umfassende Analyse der Zusammenhänge von Staat, Familie und Recht sowie der Verflechtung von Sozialpolitik und Sozialer Arbeit. Mit den empirischen Ergebnissen wird eine Neujustierung staatlich-öffentlicher und familial-privater Verantwortung aufgezeigt. Der Staat regiert zunehmend ›aus der Distanz‹ und setzt auf die ›Aktivierung‹ seiner Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Global and blow up solutions to cross diffusion systems
Authors: Ahmad Shair , Le Dung
Published: May 2015

Necessary and sufficient conditions for global existence of classical
solutions to a class of cross diffusion systems on n-dimensional domains are
given. Examples of blow up solutions are also presented.
Radiostereometric migration analysis of the Cerafit femoral stem: 28 patients followed for 2 years
Authors: Tschunko Franz , Wagner Benedikt , Hong Yutong , Söder Stephan , Wölfel Rainer , Müller Lutz A. , Forst Raimund , Sesselmann Stefan
Published: May 2015

Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is the gold standard evaluating micromovements after total hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to investigate the migratory pattern of an uncemented femoral stem during the first 2 years after surgery. We followed 28 patients with a mean age of 57 (SD 13) years for the first two postoperative years. Radiostereometric analysis was used to measure the translation and rotation of the femoral component. The Harris hip score (HHS) was determined to evaluate the clinical outcome. No stem had to be revised. The mean HHS advanced from 35 (SD 11) preoperative to 89 (SD 10) 1 year after surgery. At the end of the observation period, mean subsidence of the stem was 0.26 mm (SD 0.82). Maximum total point motion (MTPM) was 1.23 mm (SD 1.22). The main distal migration took place up to 6 weeks after surgery with nearly no further subsidence up to 2 years postoperatively. All the measured migrations of the hip stem were very small. Results of the HHS demonstrate good clinical outcome. Long-term RSA is necessary to assess possible late migration of the Cerafit standard femoral stem.
Magnesium stents – fundamentals, biological implications and applications beyond coronary arteries
Authors: Bartosch Marco , Schubert Stephan , Berger Felix
Published: May 2015

Permanent metallic stents have improved the treatment of diseases like coronary heart disease. Although superior to balloon angioplasty, the persistent presence of a metallic stent limits their application and yields several problems like late thrombosis, restenosis and chronic inflammation reactions. Biodegradable magnesium stents have been introduced to solve these problems. Additionally, in pediatric cardiology or for advanced applications like minimally invasively implanted tissue engineered heart valves, the use of degradable stents is mandatory for best success of the treatment. After implantation of a stent, the healing process starts in the vessel. In many cases, the stent is only needed during the initial phase of this process (up to around 6 months). When the stent is degraded, complete healing, return of vasomotion and growth of the vessel are possible. Several magnesium stents have been tested with promising results. However, there is still a huge demand in further research on new alloys and stent designs. Beside coronary stents, other applications should be addressed as well. A better understanding of the interaction between body and stent as well as correlating in vitro and in vivo degradation tests in a predictive manner are needed.
How to Measure Progress Towards Quality and Sustainability of Life?
Authors: Nováček Pavel , Mederly Peter
Published: May 2015

The vagueness of the concept of ‘sustainable development’ ceased to serve as a consensus platform and instead became a source of controversy. Therefore an instrument is needed to measure whether we are striving towards sustainable development or not. Today the most widely used indicator of economic prosperity is gross domestic product (GDP). It is often incorrectly interpreted as an indicator of quality of life. If, however, GDP is considered to be quality-of-life indicator, it is a misleading indicator as GDP does not cover the services people conduct outside the official market. As a result, environmentalists together with economists have long been cooperating in designing an alternative indicator capable of better capturing the development of society. Even though GDP is good for measuring economic performance, it is highly misleading as an indicator of the quality and sustainability of life. This article describes briefly the most relevant alternative indicators to GDP developed during last two decades including Czech and Slovak methodology of the Quality and Sustainability of Life Index.
Extraction of Lactic Acid in Mixed Solvent Electrolyte System Containing Water, 1-Butanol and Ammonium Sulfate
Authors: Chawong Kanungnit , Rayabsri Chanita , Rattanaphanee Panarat
Published: May 2015

Extraction of lactic acid from its aqueous solution was carried out at 30.0°C in a mixed solvent electrolyte system containing water, 1-butanol and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4). The salt appeared to reduce mutual solubility between water and 1-butanol leading to an enlarged two-phase region of the mixture. The effect was more pronounced at high salt concentration. In view of extraction, ternary mixture containing water, 1-butanol and lactic acid, (NH4)2SO4 effectively salted-out 1-butanol and lactic acid leading to a reduced concentration of these two components in the aqueous phase. Distribution coefficient and degree of lactic acid extraction were significantly improved with increasing concentration of the salt. Additionally, (NH4)2SO4 helped lessen the transfer of one solvent into the other, which is the problem normally encountered in extraction when partially miscible solvents are employed. It also advantageously allowed the extraction to be carried out at a high solvent-to-aqueous phase volume ratio, where large recovery of the acid was achieved. Extraction of lactic acid in this mixed solvent electrolyte system could be further improved by operating it in a stage-wise mode rather than a batch one.
“Swear words” and “curse words” in Australian (and American) English. At the crossroads of pragmatics, semantics and sociolinguistics
Authors: Goddard Cliff
Published: May 2015

This study seeks to show that Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) analytical techniques allow an integrated semantic-pragmatic approach to the use of “swear words” and “curse (cuss) words”. The paper begins with a semantic exegesis of the lexical items
Levels and types of breaking the maxims: A neo-Gricean account of humor
Authors: Nemesi Attila L.
Published: May 2015

On the basis of examples drawn from seven classic Hungarian film comedies, I argue in this article that the place of humor within the Gricean–Leechian model needs to be revisited and extended towards social psychological pragmatics to account for a wider range of humorous material. Scrutinizing the relevant controversial details of Grice’s conceptual framework, my concern is to find a practical way of fitting the various forms of humor into an adequate (and not an idealistic) pragmatic theory. I propose to differentiate between two levels and five types of breaking the maxims, introducing the Self-interest Principle (SiP) supposed to be in constant tension with, and as rational as, Grice’s Cooperative Principle. Politeness and self-presentational phenomena are subsumed under the operation of the SiP which embraces and coordinates the speaker’s own personal and interpersonal purposes.
Asymptotic method for finding the coefficient of hydraulic resistance
in lifting of fluid on tubing
Authors: Aliev Fikret A. , Ismailov Nevazi A. , Namazov Atif A.
Published: May 2015

In this work the process of gas-lift in the oil production
is considered. The process is described by partial differential
equations of hyperbolic type. A small parameter is
introduced, which is the inverse of the well depth. Gas-lift
process is investigated behind the front of sound wave. The initial system of hyperbolic equations is
reduced to the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NODE) of
the first order relatively to the gas volume and gas liquid
(GLM), which depends on the coordinates of wells and hydraulic
resistance coefficient (HRC). An asymptotic
solution of NODE is obtained
and this solution is calculated at the point. It is
shown that for the determination of HRC statistical
data of well is required (volume of injected gas at the wellhead of
the annular space and GLM at the end of lift (debit)). Then on the
basis of these results, by constituting the corresponding
functional, which is the quadratic deviation of the statistics and
calculated asymptotic solutions, the functional gradient is derived
that allows one to calculate HRC in first approximation relative to small parameter. An example for
the specific case from the practice shows that HRC in first approximation differs from the value on the order of
10-2 continuous case on the order of 10-1 in the discrete case.
Performance Optimization of 45-Channel Superdense Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed (SDWDM) Optical Add–Drop Multiplexer (OADM) Ring Network
Authors: Sharma Vikrant , Sharma Anurag , Kaur Dalvir
Published: May 2015

In this paper, performance analysis of high-speed superdense wavelength-division-multiplexing (SDWDM) optical add–drop multiplexer (OADM) optical ring network for 6 nodes, 45 wavelengths having channel spacing of 0.2 nm on 300 km unidirectional nonlinear single-mode fiber ring of 10 Gbit/s has been reported. The performance optimization of the system by comparing different modulation formats has been reported on the basis of eye diagram and bit error rate (BER). It has been reported that CSRZ modulation format can achieve BER as better as e-24, which gives best performance. This paper also presents a study of performance degradation caused by the crosstalk and the effect of channel spacing on SWDM system.
Rethinking the FIFA World Cup™ final draw
Authors: Guyon Julien
Published: May 2015

We critically examine a number of flaws in the current procedure for the final draw of the FIFA World Cup™: imbalance (the eight groups are not of the same competitive level), unfairness (some teams have a greater chance than others of ending up in a tough group), and uneven distribution (all the possible outcomes of the draw are not equally likely). These flaws result from the way FIFA has decided to enforce the geographic constraints that they put on the draw. We explain how, by building eight pots by level organized in an S-curve, and drawing first a continental distribution of the groups and then the teams, we can enforce the geographic constraints without sacrificing balance, fairness, and even distribution. As a result, we describe a new tractable draw procedure that produces eight balanced and geographically diverse groups, is fair to all teams, and gives equally likely outcomes.
Experimental Investigation of Reacting Flow Characteristics in a Dual-Mode Scramjet Combustor
Authors: Shi Deyong , Song Wenyan , Ye Jingfeng , Tao Bo , Wang Yanhua , Fu Qiang
Published: May 2015

In this work, a hydrogen fueled dual-mode scramjet combustor was investigated experimentally. Clean and dry air was supplied to the combustor through a Mach 2 Nozzle with a total temperature of 800 K and a total pressure of 800 kPa. The high enthalpy air was provided by an electricity resistance heater. Room temperature hydrogen was injected with sonic speed from injector orifices vertically, and downstream the injector a tandem cavity flame holder was mounted. Except wall pressure profiles, velocity and temperature profiles in and at exit of the combustor were also measured using hydroxyl tagging velocimetry (HTV) and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) respectively. Results showed that combustion occurred mainly at the bottom side of the combustor. And there were also an extreme disparity of the velocity and temperature profiles along the Y direction, i.e. the transverse direction.
Accounting Information in a Business Decision-Making Process – Evidence from Croatia
Authors: Ježovita Ana
Published: May 2015

The objective of the conducted research includes examining importance of financial statements and financial statements analysis in business decision-making process. Conducted empirical research is focused on analysis of determining and evaluating the frequency of using accounting data and annual financial statements within the business decision-making process. According to obtained results, it can be concluded that more than 60% of examines frequently use accounting information and information available from annual financial statements within business decision-making process, and that they are familiar with methods of using technics of financial statements analysis for purposes of evaluating financial position and business efficiency.
A Note on Exact Solutions for the Unsteady Free Convection Flow of a Jeffrey Fluid
Authors: Khan Ilyas
Published: May 2015

In this note, we investigate the unsteady free convection flow of a Jeffrey fluid past an infinite isothermal vertical plate. Exact solutions are obtained using the Laplace transform technique. These solutions are expressed in terms of exponential and complementary error functions, and satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions as well as the governing equations. The expression for the shear stress is also evaluated. The corresponding solutions for a Newtonian fluid can be easily obtained as a special case. It is found from the velocity and shear stress solutions that they strongly depend on the material parameters of a Jeffrey fluid. The exact solutions obtained here can be used as a benchmark for checking the correctness of other approximate or numerical solutions. In addition, this note will help in understanding the characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid flows that are subject to free convection due to buoyancy force.
Spontaneous diabetic myonecrosis: report of four cases from a tertiary care institute
Authors: Mukherjee Soham , Aggarwal Anuradha , Rastogi Ashu , Bhansali Anil , Prakash Mahesh , Vaiphei Kim , Dutta Pinaki
Published: May 2015

Spontaneous diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) is a rare and under diagnosed complication of diabetes mellitus. Clinically it presents with acute to subacute onset swelling, pain and tenderness of muscle(s) without systemic manifestations. MRI is helpful in diagnosis, exclusion of other causes and for localization of affected muscle for biopsy in atypical cases. Muscles of the thighs are commonly affected in diabetic myonecrosis (DMN). Here we present the summary of four cases seen in the last 3 years in a tertiary care centre with simultaneous or sequential involvement of multiple groups of muscles or involvement of uncommon sites. All these patients had advanced duration of diabetes with microvascular complications and poor glycemic control. Conservative management including rest and analgesics is the treatment of choice. Short-term prognosis is good but there may be recurrence.

Learning points

A high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis of DMN which can avoid inadvertent use of antibiotics.

Acute–subacute onset severe focal muscle pain in the absence of systemic symptoms in a female patient with long-standing diabetes with microvascular complications suggests DMI.

MRI is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.

Muscle biopsy should be reserved for atypical cases.

Conservative management including rest and analgesics has good outcome.

Improvement usually occurs within 6–8 weeks, but there may be recurrence.
Ukrainian Studies in the Publications of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University
Authors: Bihusiak Mykhailo , Hutsuliak Oleh
Published: May 2015

The review covers the major researches by the scholars of Vasyl Stefanyk PrecarpathianNational University in the fields of Ukrainian history, philology, psychology, philosophy andreligious studies, political science, pedagogy – a range of topics under the umbrella title of ‘Ukraineand the World’. The activity of the University’s leading scholars and schools of Ukrainian studies ishighlighted
Pesticides: Benefits and Hazards
Authors: Maksymiv Ivan
Published: May 2015

Pesticides are an integral part of modern life used to prevent growth of unwanted livingorganisms. Despite the fact that scientific statements coming from many toxicological worksprovide indication on the low risk of the pesticides and their residues, the community especiallylast years is deeply concerned about massive application of pesticides in diverse fields. Thereforeevaluation of hazard risks particularly in long term perspective is very important. In the fact thereare at least two clearly different approaches for evaluation of pesticide using: the first one isdefined as an objective or probabilistic risk assessment, while the second one is the potentialeconomic and agriculture benefits. Therefore, in this review the author has considered scientificallybased assessment of positive and negative effects of pesticide application and discusses possibleapproaches to find balance between them
Systematic Evaluation of Drosophila CRISPR Tools Reveals Safe and Robust Alternatives to Autonomous Gene Drives in Basic Research
Authors: Port Fillip , Muschalik Nadine , Bullock Simon L
Published: May 2015

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/CRISPR associated (CRISPR/Cas) technology allows rapid, site-specific genome modification in a wide variety of organisms . Proof-of-principle studies in Drosophila melanogaster have used various CRISPR/Cas tools and experimental designs, leading to significant uncertainty in the community about how to put this technology into practice. Moreover, it is unclear what proportion of genomic target sites can be modified with high efficiency. Here, we address these issues by systematically evaluating available CRISPR/Cas reagents and methods in Drosophila. Our findings allow evidence-based choices of Cas9 sources and strategies for generating knock-in alleles. We perform gene editing at a large number of target sites using a highly active Cas9 line and a collection of transgenic gRNA strains. The vast majority of target sites can be mutated with remarkable efficiency using these tools. We contrast our method to recently developed autonomous gene drive technology for somatic and germline genome engineering and conclude that optimized CRISPR with independent transgenes is as efficient, more versatile, and does not represent a biosafety risk.
A kortársi versengés és problémamegoldás jellemzői serdülők körében
Authors: Kasik László , Guti Kornél
Published: May 2015

A vizsgálat célja a kortársakkal kapcsolatos versengés és szociálisprobléma-megoldás kapcsolatának feltárása volt 12, 14, 16 és 18 évesek (N=850) körében. A versengés öt dimenziójának (viszonyulás, idő/győztes, esélyesség, szabálybetartás, funkció) jellemzőit egy általunk kidolgozott kérdőívvel (Versengés kérdőív — Kasik és FÜlÖp, 2013) vizsgáltuk. A szociálisprobléma-megoldás mérésére egy adaptált kérdőívet (Social Problem Solving Inventory — D’Zurilla, Nezu és Maydeu-Olivares, 2002) használtunk, amellyel a problémamegoldás pozitív és negatív orientációja, valamint három stílusa (racionalitás, impulzivitás, elkerülés) azonosítható. A tanulók önjellemzése mellett a szülők (anyák, N=850) és a pedagógusok (N=35) is értékelték a diákokat ugyanazokkal a kérdőívekkel. Az önjellemzéshez képest a pedagógusok alul-, az anyák felülértékelték a diákokat, a versengésnél leginkább a szabálybetartás, a problémamegoldásnál a pozitív orientáció esetében. Az összevont mutató (három értékelő átlaga) alapján a 12 és a 14, valamint a 16 és a 18 évesek rendelkeznek hasonló jellemzőkkel a legtöbb dimenzió mentén. Jelentős különbségek e két csoport között azonosíthatók, például a negatív orientáció és a szabálybetartás az idősebbekre, a pozitív orientáció és a versengés idejének fontossága a fiatalabbakra jellemzőbb. A versengés és a problémamegoldás dimenzióinak kapcsolata az életkorral fokozatosan erősödik.
A bocsánatkérés és a jóvátétel hatása a megbocsátásra közeli és távoli kapcsolatokban
Authors: Papp Gábor , Kovács Judit
Published: May 2015

Jelen tanulmányban két vizsgálatot ismertetünk, amelyeknek az volt a célja, hogy feltárja a bocsánatkérés és a jóvátétel megbocsátásra gyakorolt hatását. Az első vizsgálatunkban egy nem túl nagy volumenű sérelmet követően egy nem túl szoros kapcsolatban szcenáriós és laboratóriumi vizsgálatban ellenőriztük, hogyan segítheti a jóvátétel a megbocsátást. A második vizsgálatunk felidézéses jellegű volt, arra kértük a vizsgálati személyeket, hogy írjanak le egy nehezen megbocsátható sérelmet. Eredményeink szerint a jóvátétel segíthet egy sérelmet megbocsátani. A jóvátétel hatékonyságát befolyásolja, hogy a jóvátételről szóló döntést ki hozza meg: a jóvátételről intézményes keretek között született döntés hatásosabb, mint ha a jóvátételről maga az elkövető dönt, legalábbis kis volumenű sérelmek esetében, nem túl szoros kapcsolatban. A jóvátétel közeli kapcsolatban is segítheti a megbocsátást, de egy sérelmet követően a kapcsolat teljes helyreállításában a bocsánatkérést nem pótolja, mindkét viselkedésnek megvan a maga szerepe. A jóvátétel elsősorban a megbocsátást segíti a sérelem negatív következményeinek enyhítése révén, a bocsánatkérés pedig a kapcsolatok helyreállását közvetlenül segíti elő.
A machiavellisták érzelmi intelligenciája társas interakcióban
Authors: Orosz Anna , Bereczkei Tamás
Published: May 2015

Munkánk során a machiavellista stratégia különböző aspektusait vizsgálatuk meg egy kártyajáték segítségével. Ez a kártyajáték a sokak által ismert „Svindli”, amely a másik sikeres megtévesztésén, illetve a másik megtévesztő szándékának a felismerésén és leleplezésén alapszik. Ezzel a játékkal igyekeztünk valós szituációt teremteni a megtévesztő és manipulációs stratégiák vizsgálatára. A résztvevőket a Mach IV teszt segítségével soroltuk alacsony, közepes és magas machiavellista kategóriákba. Egy időben mindhárom kategóriából egy-egy játékos játszott egymás ellen. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a magas Mach-pontokkal jellemezhető játékosok gyakrabban leplezték le társaik valótlan bemondását („blöffjét”), mint az alacsonyabb pontszámú játékosok, miközben ügyesebben rejtették el saját érzelmeiket. A különbség valószínűleg nem a választott játékstratégiára vezethető vissza, inkább arra, hogy a machiavellisták egy életszerű és megtévesztésre lehetőséget adó szituációban jobban felismerik ellenfeleik érzelemkifejezéseit. Ez árnyalja és finomítja azt a képet, amely a korábbi, papír-ceruza teszteket használó vizsgálatokból származik, miszerint a machiavellistákra alacsony érzelmi intelligencia jellemző. A regressziós elemzés szerint a machiavellizmus befolyásolja a valótlan állítások leleplezésének relatív gyakoriságát (az ún. S indexet), ez utóbbi pedig hatást gyakorol a megszerzett nyeremény nagyságára.