bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Roots of Islam in Bangladesh and Islamisation
Authors: Dastagir Golam
Published: January 2022

No culture can flourish without engaging with other cultures. As Gandhi stated, “No culture can live if it attempts to be exclusive.” The interaction of religion and culture intertwined in society nourishes each major civilisation and inspires and moulds human life. This is well exemplified in the emergence of Islam with its process of Islamisation in the Indian Subcontinent generally, and in Bengal (present day Bangladesh) in particular. Many Bengali Muslims who only several centuries ago may have been Hindus or Buddhists often feel uncertain about their national identity and search for a basis in Islamic faith, state nationalism, the spirituality of Sufism, or even ancient Hindu-Buddhist traditions.
Islam, the Rule of Law and Human Rights
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad
Published: January 2022

If one wishes to restore the substantive moral-spiritual foundation of the shariah, one must start from the premise that law precedes legislation and that the rule of law needs to go beyond any state-centred paradigm and engage greater self-governance, Human rights is one area that has always been regarded as an intrinsic component of the rule of law as can be gauged from various international documents and academic commentaries.
On the Epistemological Scope and Some Contemporary Implications of the Qur'anic Notion of Ayat
Authors: Laude Patrick
Published: January 2022

This paper argues that the cosmic signs or ayat repeatedly mentioned in the Qur’an can be understood, and indeed have been understood in classical Islam, as theophanic manifestations of His Being and Qualities; hence a metaphysical intuition of their divine roots goes beyond reason as mere decipherer of the wonders of structure and mechanics of the world. By contrast, literalist reformist and modernist discourses tend to shun the Quranic evidences of Divine immanence while emphasising exclusively the distance between God and His creation. This is why most contemporary Islamic apologists of modern science understand the world as a realm of cosmogonic “signatures” rather than one of metaphysical theophany. As a response to this type of views, it is argued herein that both the reductive and problematic treatment of the Qur’an as a kind of scientific manual and, at the other extreme, the denial of the conjunction between tawhid and the traditional Islamic concept and practice of science fail to do justice to the deeper layers of meaning of ayat. Only a consideration of a sense of the qualitative meaning of the cosmos through a  restoration of a consciousness of Divine Immanence can provide an antidote to such reductive readings.
How Can We Predict pT3a Kidney Cancer and What Does It Mean?
Authors: Singla Nirmish
Published: January 2022

The ability to predict pathologically advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) within the primary tumor upfront can be helpful to guide prognostic counseling and hold implications for both surgical approach and multimodal therapeutic strategies. Herein, the investigators undertook a comprehensive assessment of radiographic features predictive of pT3a stage by querying 11 radiological findings across a robust retrospective cohort of patients with RCC. They found that an irregular tumor-sinus border (ITSB) correlated most strongly with pT3a stage and recurrence-free survival (RFS).
An Audit into the Nature of Operations of Agro-processing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Uganda
Authors: Kigozi Julia , Baidhe Emmanuel , Mukisa Ivan Muzira , Muyanja Charles , Namubiru Leatitiah , Katarikawe Brenda
Published: January 2022

The agro-processing Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) form an integral part of the manufacturing sector in Uganda. To effectively facilitate product certification among MSMEs, there is a need to fully understand the nature of their operations so that appropriate interventions can be put in place. This study assessed the status quo of operations at selected MSMEs in Uganda. A semi-structured paper-based questionnaire was administered to the owners, managers, or supervisors of the 40 selected agro-processing MSMEs enrolled under the project "Empowerment of the Agro-Processing Industry to meet the Quantity and Quality Standards for the Local and Export Market", a programme enhancing the practical skills of students at Makerere University dubbed the "EAPI Project." The seven-section questionnaire consisted of both quantitative and qualitative questions focusing on (i) product optimization, (ii) raw material verification and storage, (iii) good manufacturing practices, (iv) measuring and testing equipment, (v) product assessment, presentation, and storage, (vi) waste and pest management, and (vii) infrastructure and energy utilization. The results indicate that only 23.7% of agro-processing MSMEs clearly understood the standards. Packaging was the most optimized parameter (74.4%), followed by texture and sensory properties (59% and 51.1%, respectively). About 74% of the agro-processing MSMEs were compliant in declaring the raw materials on the product label. Results indicated that maintenance of valid medical certificates, routine inspection of personnel, and provision of protective gear ranked low, with a score of 1 out of 10. Inadequate documentation was a cross-cutting issue for all operations, yet it was a driver for GMPs. There is a need to strengthen the understanding and practice of Food processing standards from the Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS), in the agro-processing MSMEs through continuous human and institutional-capacity development programs.
FATORES BIOPSICOSSOCIAIS E LOCUS DE CONTROLE RELACIONADOS AO DESMAME PRECOCE: UMA ANÁLISE HIERÁRQUICA
Authors: Almeida Ana Claudia Gomes de , Cortelo Fernando Márcio , Zambelli Janaina da Câmara , Cortellazzi Karine Laura , Marba Sergio Tadeu Martins , Possobon Rosana de Fátima
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar as causas do desmame precoce através do modelo hierárquico, composto por variáveis distais, intermediárias e proximais, relacionando-as com às condições socioeconômicas e demográficas, às variáveis do pré e pós-natal a ao locus de controle. Métodos: Coorte retrospectivo. A amostra foi composta por 410 mães de crianças de 0 a 5 anos, da campanha nacional de vacinação infantil, realizada em 2013. As informações foram coletadas via questionários autoaplicáveis, incluindo a escala multidimensional de locus de controle de Levenson. A variável de desfecho foi o desmame precoce, enquanto as variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, do pré e pós-parto e o locus de controle foram as variáveis independentes. Realizouse a análise de regressão logística múltipla hierárquica. Foram testadas, no modelo múltiplo, as variáveis com p≤ 0.20 nas análises brutas (distal, intermediária e proximal), permanecendo no modelo, aquelas que continuaram associadas ao desmame com p≤ 0.05, após o ajuste, para as variáveis do mesmo bloco, finalizando com as hierarquicamente superiores. Resultados: A prevalência do desmame precoce foi de 40%. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre desmame precoce e a variável distal “escolaridade materna” (IC95% = 1.18 – 3.22; p= 0.0131), as variáveis proximais “experiência prévia em amamentar” (IC95% = 3.76 –9.75; p= “experiência prévia em amamentar” (IC95% = 3.76 –9.75; p= < 0,0001) e “uso de chupeta” (IC95%= 1.78 – 4.17; p=<0,0001). Conclusão: As mulheres que estão no grupo de risco ao desmame precoce são aquelas com baixa escolaridade, sem experiência prévia em aleitamento e que ofereceram chupeta. A variável locus de controle não teve associação significativa com o desmame precoce.
Solar Eclipse Retinopathy; an Underemphasized Public Eye Health Concern?
Authors: Aamir Shahzad Muhammad , Rehman Munib ur , Khan Qaim Ali , Yasin Nasir , Sharjeel Muhammad , Khan Hashim Ali
Published: January 2022

Aim: To evaluate the impact of public eye health campaigns on people's attitudes during the solar eclipse. Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with solar eclipse retinopathy. Hazard awareness, source of information, and types of self-proclaimed safety measures were analyzed. It was a multicenter study conducted at Ophthalmology departments of different hospitals of Faisalabad, Gilgit, Sialkot and Dera Ismail Khan for one month from July 2020 to August 2020. Results: Data of a total of 31 patients were analyzed. Twenty-two (71%) patients had hazard awareness either from the internet or mainstream media, while 9 (29%) had no understanding of eclipse viewing hazards. Eleven patients had some idea about appropriate eclipse viewing glasses while none used them. Thirteen (42%) patients didn't use any protective measures, while the rest either used radiographic films or sunglasses (SG). Knowledge, availability and affordability were significant barriers towards using standard safety wear. There was no difference among patients who viewed the eclipse with the naked eye or with sunglasses and radiographic films in terms of initial and final visual outcomes. Conclusions: Most patients are aware of potential visual hazards from viewing solar eclipse; however, they are not well educated about appropriate ocular safety wear for viewing a solar eclipse. Keywords: Solar eclipse, Retinopathy, Health concern
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Cancer Staging: An Experience from a Tertiary Healthcare in a Developing Country
Authors: Rehman Malik Mujeeb , Saleem Omema , Habiba Umme , Siddiqui Faisal Ghani
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Cancer presentation at our tertiary healthcare facility. Study design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: Patients will be selected from surgical unit I, Dow University Hospital, Ojha campus, Dow University of Health sciences, Karachi. Duration of study: 1 year (February 2020 till February 2021) Methods: All patients undergoing Breast cancer surgery from February 2020 to 2021 were enrolled in the study. Recurrent cases were excluded. A proforma was used to measure their demographics, Histopathological and surgical details. The data was analyzed to observe any correlation between the patient characteristics and COVID-associated factors, including monthly incidence, mortality and recoveries in the province Sindh. Result: One hundred and seventy-six female patients were enrolled in the study. A significant association of mean stage was observed with respect to monthly incidence (p =0.012) and mortality (p =0.010) due to the COVID -19 pandemic. Conclusion: Breast clinics and surgeries should continue during COVID waves due to high risk of disease complications, especially on the overall survival of the patient.
A Cross Sectional Study on the Rising Frequency of Gallbladder Stones
Authors: Hassan Maaz ul , Khaliq Khan Fareeha , Ahmad Khan Rizwan , Naveed Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of cholelithiasis in the city of Lahore and its surrounding area. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at Shalamar Medical and dental college Lahore and data for this study was collected from different hospitals of Lahore and the duration of this study was from 2019 to 2021. The participants of this study were from both genders’ male and female from of the age of 10 years to 80 years, and the sample size for this study was 483 and 1583. The main focus of our study was to examine the occurrence of Cholelithiasis surgical in the duration of our study. A questionnaire was used to analyses the occurrence of gall stone, and also the sex, age and dietary habits of the patients. Results: In the results of this study the frequency of gall stones were observed 4.0% in males and 12.0% in females and the percentage of occurrence of gall stones in both these genders were 1% to 3.3%. the high occurrence rate of gall stones in the months are May and November, in both these months the observation of gall stones in these were very high. Both the genders were divided into two main age groups in which male age group were from 10 years to 78 years and the females age group were from 11 years to 80 years. The ideal age for the occurrence of gall stones in male were 45 years to 59 years and in females were 3 years to 44 years respectively. Conclusions: In the conclusion of this study, we examine that the overall occurrence of gall stones in both the genders were 7.01%, but at same the time occurrence rate in the females were very high as compared to the male which were 1% in males and 3.3% in females. Keywords: Cholelithiasis, Surgical Incidence, Gallstones.
Correlation of Coordination Abilities, Physical Qualities and Mental Processes of Football Players
Authors: G.G. Polevoy
Published: January 2022

The aim set out in Article research is to find new of methodical approaches to improve the methods of development of coordination abilities of young players. Despite the proven efficacy of the differentiated approach in the preparation of sports reserve, no data found, taking into account the typological features of display properties of the nervous system of children involved in football. Methods and techniques. We used statistical methods to determine the validity and reliability of the results of scientific research. Statistical analysis was performed using a personal computer Pentium- 4 and using the Microsoft standard statistical software package Excel 2007. Correlation analysis was performed using the program Bio Stat 2016. Results. Identified and synthesized a new classification of specific coordination abilities in terms of their impact on mental processes of young football players. The new data that expand and deepen the modern theory and methodology of football with new knowledge about the coordination abilities, peculiarities of the relationship indicators conditional abilities and mental processes with the indicators of specific coordination abilities of the players with strong and weak nervous system. Scientific novelty. Demonstrated prospect for a differentiated approach based on a typology. The features of the relationship of coordination abilities indicators with indicators of conditional abilities and mental processes of the players of 11-12 years with a "strong" and "weak" the nervous system. Defined "leading" and "additional" specific types of coordination abilities in different groups of players. Practical significance. Accounting data obtained as a result of the correlation analysis, in the training process of young players can provide a significant increase in the efficiency of the development process -specific coordination abilities, level of mastery of the technical and tactical methods and competitive performance, as well as improve the performance of the mental processes of children involved in football. Keywords: differentiated approach, the properties of the nervous system, coordination abilities, psychical processes
Urdu Translation and Validation of Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale
Authors: Fatima Noor Ul Ain , Ain Qurat-Ul- , Kausar Fareeha , Raza Mian Ali , Waris Misbah , Waris Pt Sadaf
Published: January 2022

Objective: To translate and validate the ABC-Scale in Urdu language to predict risk of fall in older population. Study design: Cross-cultural Translation and validation Place and Duration: Study was conducted in older adult community of Sialkot from March 2020 to December 2020. Methodology: Translation of ABC in Urdu was conducted by using Beaton et al guidelines. Two bilingual translators translated the original version into Urdu language step wise, correction process was followed. Then two backward translations were done by language expert. After all this process, the translated version was reviewed by the professionals and the final version was applied on 15 individuals. Its reliability and validity was tested on 60 older adults. Results: For test re test reliability, intra class correlation coefficient ICC was measured with a value of 0.984 Which shows good test re-test reliability. The internal consistency and reliability of ABC was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha for total score with a value of 0.985. Content validity was good with values of CVI ranging from 0.767 to 0.955. To test the discriminative validity, independent t test was used to show the difference between the healthy and unhealthy adults. Factor analysis of UABC showed total variance 81.277 and cumulative variance was also 81.277. To calculate construct validity of U-ABC Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used and measured as 0.558. Conclusion: It was concluded that Urdu version of UABC is a valid assessment tool for older adults with fear of fall. It has good content validity, construct validity and reliability. Keywords: activities specific balance scale, validation, Urdu translation, reliability, tool translation
General Perception Regarding The Generic and Branded Medicines among the Visitors of the Turaif General Hospital
Authors: Alotaibi Nawaf
Published: January 2022

Background: The utilization of generic drugs in Saudi Arabia is under development. Many studies concerning generic drugs and their utilization by the consumers and promotion by health care professionals have been conducted in Saudi Arabia. Most of these studies revealed general unawareness of generic medicines among the Saudi people. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the general perception regarding the generic medicines and branded medicines among the visitors of the Turaif general hospital. Methods: This cross‑sectional study was carried out from December 29, 2019, to January 23, 2020, at Turaif General Hospital, Turaif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was shared with the visitors (N = 527) of the hospital after their agreement, and the data were collected. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 16. Results: The results of this study revealed that more than 50% of the participants were unaware about generic medicines and branded medicines; preferred imported generic medicines over local generics; agreed that the imported generic medicines are of high quality, more effective, and expensive as well. However, almost 50% of the participants were not sure about the quality, efficacy, safety, price, and side effects of the branded medicine. Conclusion: It has been concluded that there is a need to provide awareness programs about branded medicine, imported generic medicine, and locally manufactured generic medicines. Keywords: Branded drugs, Generic drugs, Awareness, Turaif, Saudi Arabia.
Effect of Swiss Ball Training on Balance and Postural Stability in Stroke Patient
Authors: Gul Nadia , Mumtaz Sara , Ghani Hafiza Murium , Iqbal Ambreen , Imtiaz Samia , Laique Talha
Published: January 2022

Stroke is sudden loss of neurological function. It is caused by interruption in cerebral blood flow. Objectives: To analyze the difference in the balance and postural stability score pre &post swiss ball training in stroke patients. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Methodology: This study was performed on stroke patients which are selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were allocated randomly into two groups, experimental group with exercises being performed on swiss ball and control group with exercises performed as per conventional methods with no additional intervention. Statistical analysis: SPSS software, v 20 analyzed data. Independent samples t test and paired sample test were applied. Results: The results showed mean difference of Berg Balance Scale at pre-intervention level and post-interventional level was 0.15 and 14.15 with p values 0.653 and 0.000, respectively. The TIS also showed non-significant difference at pre-interventional level as shown by p value 0.170 , which was significant at post interventional level with a p value to be 0.000 . Paired sample statistics showed a significant improvement for both groups at pre-post level of measurement with a p value of 0.000. Conclusion: We concluded that in stroke patients performing exercises on swiss ball showed significant better outcomes as compared to control group in improving balance and postural stability. However, both groups improved significantly when tested at pre-post levels of measurement. Keywords: Swiss Ball, Stroke, Physical Therapy, Exercise Therapy and Balance.
Osmanlı Coğrafyasında Avusturyalı Arkeolog ve Araştırmacılar
Authors: DUYMAZ A. Şevki
Published: January 2022

Osmanlı Dönemi Arkeoloji alanında ilk çalışmalar, eserlerin korunmasına yönelik olarak toplama ve depolama anlayışıyla başlar. Arkeolojik eserlerin Ahmet Fethi Paşa tarafından Aya İrini Kilisesinde toplanıp “Mecma-i Esliha-i Atika (Eski Silahlar Koleksiyonu)” ve “Mecma-ı Âsâr-ı Atika (Eski Eserler Koleksiyonu)” oluşturulması bu alandaki ilk örnek çalışma olarak kabul edilebilir. 1869 yılında "Müze-i Hümayun (Saray Müzesi)" ve 1874 Asar-ı Atika Nizamnamesi ile bu anlamda ortaya konulan önemli atılımlardır. 1881 yılında Osman Hamdi Bey’in müze müdürlüğüne getirilmesiyle Osmanlı arkeolojisi bilimsel anlamdaki çalışmaların temelleri atılmış olur.
Çalışmamızda; Osmanlı arkeolojisinde, tarihsel süreç içerisinde yer alan Avusturyalı araştırmacı ve arkeologların, Osmanlı coğrafyasındaki arkeolojik kazı ve araştırmaları üzerinde durulacaktır. 19. Yüzyıl ortasından Osmanlı son dönemlerine kadar bu alanda çalışan Avusturyalı araştırmacıların, çalıştığı bölgeler, antik yerler, buluntular ve Osmanlı arkeolojisinin gelişmesindeki etkileri ortaya koyulmaya çalışılacaktır
Kentsel Sit Alanlarında Peyzaj Tasarımı, Vezirköprü Kentsel Sit Alanı Örneği
Authors: ÖZER Sabiha Özge , ÖRÜCÜ Ömer K.
Published: January 2022

Araştırmada, kültürel kaynak değerleri, sosyal ve tarihi dokusu ile önem taşıyan Vezirköprü’nün, kentsel sit alanının mevcut durumunun korunması, günümüz koşullarında sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması, korunması ve iyileştirme potansiyelinin Peyzaj Mimarlığı meslek disiplini ile birlikte değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışma ile Vezirköprü tarihi kent merkezinde etkin bir korumanın sağlanması için peyzaj mimarlığı değerlendirmesi açından planlama kararlarına yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Çalışma sürecinde izlenen yöntem ile kentin tarihi ve mekânsal gelişim süreci içinde fiziksel yapısının incelenmesi, tarihi yapılar ile kent dokusunun (cadde, sokak, meydan tarihi bina vs.) öneminin saptanması ve tarihsel çevre içinde dokuyu olumsuz etkileyen durumlar yenileme yapılacak yerler, iyileştirme yapılacak yerler, tasarım ve kullanım açısından mevcut yanlışlar, yaşayan halkın ve kullanıcıların istek ve önerileri saptanmıştır.

Sonuç olarak tarihi çevrelerin korunması gerekliliğinin ortaya konduğu, yenilik ya da iyileştirme yapılacaksa da yine koruma kanunlarına uygun bir şekilde olması gerektiği günümüz modern yaşam koşullarıyla uygunluğunun sağlandığı, kültürel kimliğini sürdüren ve yaşanabilir mekânlar olarak gelecek nesillere aktarılmasında kalıcı ve etkin olacak planlar için kararlar geliştirilmiştir.
A Landscape Matrix Proposal For Haliç (Golden Horn) Coastal Zone
Authors: KUTKAM Arzu
Published: January 2022

The impacts of urbanization on landscapes andecosystems have been increasing globally. Howurban landscape is shaped, in other wordsdesigned, is a fundamental human activity interms of urban sustainability. Landscape is oftendealed with mostly by aesthetic concerns whichpresents sustainable/ecological/naturalqualities only at formal level, is limited bylegislative framework, hardly responds tohuman needs and behavioral patterns and lacksa holistic approach within the Turkish spatialdesign practice. This study aims to develop alandscape matrix in the example of Istanbul(Golden Horn) region as an open spaceoperation model within the existing urbantexture, which the built environment has beenrepresented with different layers of historicaldevelopments. The matrix presented in thisstudy presents a design process on the basis ofurban ecology as well as the physical and socialrelations of the study area located in the GoldenHorn, one of the cultural identity values ofIstanbul, formed by urban layers belonging todifferent historical periods. It is thought that theconstruction of the coastal and hinterlandrelationship through the open space system bothcontributes to the dissolution of the urbantexture towards the coastal zone andstrengthens the character of the waterfront.
İklim Değişikliği ve Paris Anlaşması: Türkiye Örneğinde Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÖZKUL Rabia , MERMER Fatma
Published: January 2022

İnsan faaliyetlerinin doğada yarattığı olumsuz etkilerin bir sonucu olarak atmosfere salınan sera gazları da artmıştır. Bu artış nedeniyle oluşan küresel ısınma, günümüzdeki en büyük çevresel sorunlardan biri olan iklim değişikliği olarak nitelendirilmekte ve etkisini giderek hissettirmektedir. Hissedilen etkilerin yönü küresel çapta ve olumsuz yönde seyretmektedir. İklim değişikliğinin etkisini azaltmak için uluslararası birçok görüşme ve çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Fakat somut bir sonuç elde edilememektedir. İklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin azaltılması konusunda istenilen sonuca ulaşılamaması ülkelerin yeteri kadar çaba göstermemesi ve gelişmiş ülkelerin fazla enerji kullanımını azaltma girişiminde bulunmaması olarak gösterilebilir. Uluslararası platformda iklim değişikliği konusunda çok sayıda ülke tarafından kabul görmüş Paris Anlaşması, sera gazlarının emilimi, küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliğini konularını ele alan ilk anlaşmadır. Bu çalışmadaanlaşmaya taraf olarak sera gazı emisyonlarını 2030 yılına kadar azaltacağını beyan eden ülkemizin durumunu ve Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi 26. Taraflar Konferansı (COP26) konusunda ekolojik perspektifte değerlendirmeler yaparak literatüre ait bilgilere yer verilmiştir.
Uzaktan Algılama Yöntemleri Uygulanarak Namak Gölü'nün Su Yüzeyindeki Değişimin Su İndeksleri (AWEI, MNDWI, NDWI VE WRI) Aracılığıyla Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZVAN Hande
Published: January 2022

Namak Gölü, İran’da bulunan Urmiye Gölü, Hazar Denizi ve diğer su kütlelerini oluşturan Paratetis denizinin bir kalıntısıdır. Göl, küçük bir tuz gölü olmanın yanı sıra deniz seviyesinden 790 metre yükseklikte yer almakta ve Kum (Qom) nehri tarafından beslenmektedir. Bununla birlikte, son yıllarda kuraklığın etkisiyle, azalan yüzey suyu ve artan tuzluluk oranı gölün kurumaya yüz tutmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, 2001-2021 yılları arasında -belirlenen onar yıllık üç dönemde- Namak Gölü'nün mekânsal-zamansal değişimleri; Landsat 5-TM, Landsat 7-ETM+ ve Landsat 8-OLI görüntüleri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada, yüzey suyunun belirlenmesini sağlayan Normalleştirilmiş Fark Su İndeksi (NDWI), Modifiye Edilmiş Fark Su İndeksi (MNDWI), Su Oranı İndeksi (WRI) ve Landsat verilerinden yüzey suyunun çıkarılmasına imkân veren Otomatik Su Çıkarma İndeksi (AWEI) incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, 20 yıllık dönemde meydana gelen su yüzeyindeki değişiklikler alansal olarak (km²) karşılaştırılmış ve doğruluk oranı görece yüksek olan NDWI indeksinin, diğer indekslere göre yüzey suyunun belirlenmesinde daha faydalı bir yöntem olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Korunan Doğal Alanların CORINE Verilerine Göre Arazi Değişim Analizi: Göksu Deltası Örneği
Authors: AKIN Tuğba
Published: January 2022

Korunan doğal alanlar sınırlı kaynaklara, doğal, kültürel ve somut olmayan varlıklara sahiptir. Bu yüzden bu alanların üzerindeki baskı da artmaktadır ve bu baskılar arazi kullanımını/arazi örtüsünü etkilemekle birlikte doğal ve kültürel peyzajların değişimine neden olmaktadır. Günümüzde teknolojinin de gelişimiyle bu değişimlerin analizini uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ile rahat bir şekilde saptamamız oldukça mümkündür. Arazi örtüsündeki değişim analizlerinin ortaya konulması sürdürülebilir-planlı arazi kullanım deseninin oluşturulmasına destek sağlayabilecektir. Bu çalışmada Mersin İli’nin Silifke İlçesi’nde bulunan aynı zamanda Korunan Doğal Alan olmakla birlikte Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi statüsüne sahip Göksu Deltası ve yakın çevresinde bir çalışma sınırı oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma alan sınırının 1990-2000-2006-2012-2018 yılları arasında gerçekleşen arazi örtüsü/ arazi kullanımlarındaki zamansal değişimler, Corine verileri aracılığıyla arazi örtüsü haritaları QGIS 3.14.16 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Efficiency Analysis and Estimation of Factors Affecting the Efficiency with Decision Trees in Imbalanced Data: A Case of Turkey’s Environmental Sustainability
Authors: TURAN Selin Ceren , DÜNDER Emre , CENGİZ Mehmet Ali
Published: January 2022

Cities have proliferated and experienced increasing environmental issues in the modern world. The concept of environmental sustainability is one of the main problems to solve. Therefore, it is fundamental to establish statistical methods to measure environmental sustainability. The first aim of this study is to measure the environmental sustainability performance of 42 cities in Turkey by Data Envelopment Analysis. The second aim is to solve the imbalance in the efficiency values obtained using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique methods. After all, we expose the multiple relationships between input and output variables and efficiency using the Decision trees classifiers approach. As a result of the analyses, three internal factors were found to influence the environmental efficiency levels: residential sales, population intensity, and the number of completed industrial sites. It has been determined that the number of completed industrial sites and the increase in residential sales distorted environmental efficiency.
Acculturation or autonomy? Controversy over the status of the Sámi in Finland during the interwar period
Authors: Alenius Kari
Published: January 2022

The newly independent Finland in the 1920s and 1930s was, in principle, a nation state in which ethnic Finns had an undisputed leading position. Nevertheless, there was a lively debate about the status that would be given to other nationalities in various spheres of social life. The Swedes were the country’s main national minority (accounting for 10 per cent of the total population), and they were granted extensive minority rights. Another locally significant minority were the Sámi who lived in northern Lapland. This paper analyses the extent to which the majority population was willing to meet the wishes of the Sámi. Some Finns were in favour of the Sámi being acculturated as quickly as possible, but a few activists would have liked to grant the Sámi broad autonomy. Several ministries and government agencies investigated the matter thoroughly, but the result was negative for the Sámi.
Window to a world beyond: Göran Schildt’s journey to Bulgaria and Romania in 1963 and some multilingual and multicultural strategies
Authors: Ståhlberg Sabira
Published: January 2022

International traveller and acclaimed Swedish-language author Göran Schildt sailed in the Black Sea in the summer of 1963. He was a well-read scholar with a deep interest in the Antiquity and a seasoned traveller with a vast experience of multilingual and multicultural situations. This was the first and last visit of his yacht Daphne to the Black Sea and the Eastern Bloc. Through the eyes of this keen observer, a small aperture can be detected among the bricks in the walls dividing Europe.
A window had been opened by world politicians in the Iron Curtain at the end of the 1950s. Although there were periods of high global tension, new possibilities for travel and tourism were created in some Eastern Bloc countries, among them Bulgaria and Romania. Visits by dozens of journalists, writers and artists and thousands of charter tourists from the Western Bloc over the next few decades opened up new windows to the world beyond the Iron Curtain.
Göran Schildt stands out among the Nordic cultural visitors to Bulgaria and Romania in the post-war period. His desire to get acquainted with everyday life and ordinary people, capability to see behind facades and analysing experiences could be defined as journalistic, but his travel writing went deeper. In comparison with some other writers from Finland, who visited Bulgaria or Romania during the Cold War, such as the poet Lassi Nummi or comic fiction writer Arto Paasilinna, and the Bulgarian author Yordan Radichkov who visited Sweden, Schildt’s background, interests and multilingual and multicultural strategies supported the discovery and collection of extensive information and the processing of it into a multidimensional travel book. This article discusses the journey and travel narrative of Göran Schildt from the perspective of multilingual and multicultural strategies for encountering other languages, societies and cultures, and the processing of experiences as recorded in his diary and his popular travel narrative.
Editorial foreword
Authors: Miloiu Silviu
Published: January 2022

Having been set up on November 27, 2008, the Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies (ARSBN) has established as its fundamental goals the promotion of research activities in the field of Baltic and Nordic studies, the encouragement of knowledge in public benefit regarding this geographical area, including by the means of education, especially of higher education, the cooperation with similar institutions and associations from Romania and abroad, the promotion of the dialogue and cooperation on the axis the Baltic Sea – the Black Sea. In this regard, the establishing of a scientific publication to further our knowledge of Baltic and Nordic societies and to spread information about the Romanian society to Baltic and Northern Europe was essential. The magazine was also regarded as a springboard for the mutual acknowledgment of the bonds and relations between Romanians and the Baltic and Nordic peoples throughout their history and in contemporary times. It was our understanding and hope that the magazine will become a multidisciplinary publication hosting articles in fields such as history, history of international relations, international relations, literature and philology, economics and business, and various other sciences. When established, the editorial college also considered that it will be in the advantage of the magazine to include also book and article reviews, assessments of scientific conferences or notes of doctoral studies in the fields covered by the publication which will promote the dialogue between the two peripheries of the European continent.
The Romanian-Finnish Cultural Relations: History, Trends, Bibliography
Authors: Popescu Alexandru
Published: January 2022

The scientific interest for the study of the Romanian-Finnish relations considerably increased during the last years. Within this trend, this article focuses on the Romanian-Finnish cultural relations and briefly presents the most important events and moments in the history of these relations, from the 19th century to the present. It also includes a selective bibliography on the Romanian-Finnish cultural relations, with works published both in Finland and Romania. The article stresses the need for further research in the field of Romanian-Finnish cultural relations, noticing that when the quality of the political relations was negatively affected by different historical circumstances, the cultural contacts have been maintained and even developed.
Wan light of Lithuania in Bucharest. The sources of a non-declared divorce (1918-1926)
Authors: Anghel Florin
Published: January 2022

Between the Acts of Union and, respectively, of Independence of 1918 and 1926 Romania and Lithuania shared no strategic interests or common regional politics. Although the Bucharest diplomacy insistently asked Warsaw to debate over its Baltic policy, at the end the Romanian-Polish anti-Soviet alliance became one of the most important pieces of so-called “cordon sanitaire” geopolitics, which included Baltic and Black Seas regions countries, but no Lithuania. Both states became locked in cold relations with no contacts and no recognition (until August 1924), which was due to regional politics, but contrary to common interests. The diplomatic relations, officially opened in August 1924, lacked any practical political consequences. The Kaunas coup d’état of December 1926 had little political and media impacts in Bucharest and, in the rarely definitions of Antanas Smetona new nationalist regime, most of Romanians condemned it (contrary with their attitude towards the coup d’état of Warsaw in May 1926). It was only in the last half of the ‘30s that between Bucharest and Kaunas new avenues in bilateral relations had opened, the impact of the fortunate decision of foreign minister Nicolae Titulescu in 1934 to create a Romanian Legation to cover Lithuania.
British Reactions to Charles XII’s Stay in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Coroban Costel
Published: January 2022

In 1709 the Great Northern War took an unfortunate course for Sweden, as following Charles XII’s defeat at Poltava, he was forced to retreat to Bender in the Ottoman Empire, where he would remain for 5 years.. The Swedish King’s retreat in the Ottoman Empire also reverberated in Britain, which at the time was involved in the War for Spanish Succession (1709-1714), and consequently sought for tranquillity at the North and Baltic Sea. While politicians were worried about the Swedish fleet, a worry which only aggravated after George I’s accession to the British thrones in 1714, writers such as Daniel Defoe and others could not refrain from expressing their admiration for the ‘Warrior King’ Charles XII. Soon after his return, Charles XII would even be associated with the Jacobite faction, rival to the House of Hanover which at the time ruled Britain. The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview of the whole spectrum of British publications and reactions regarding Charles XII’s sojourn in the Ottoman Empire, during his stay’s duration (1709-1714) and up to his death and the immediately subsequent period.
Regional higher education co-operation: a research proposal to compare the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea regions
Authors: Ewert Stefan
Published: January 2022

While the Baltic Sea Region is considered to be a pioneer region in the development of regional integration and identity, the Black Sea Region is regarded to be a laggard in terms of regionali¬zation and region building. My paper summarizes the role of regional higher education co-operation in the Baltic Sea regionalization process in theory and analyzes the empirical background of these assumptions. Yet, inasmuch an evaluation of the regions` status as a pioneer is possible only in a comparative perspective, I propose to compare the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea Region regarding their higher education networks systematically. My paper asks for the transferability of arguments in favor of a strong regional higher education co-operation in the Baltic Sea Region since the 1990s to today’s situation of the Black Sea Region. It concludes with some fundamental considerations on a comparative research project.
20 years from the re-establishment of diplomatic relations between Lithuania and Romania
Authors: Jarmolenko Vladimir
Published: January 2022

20 years have passed. Fundamental changes took place in our countries, some are good, and some are probably not as good. In the present context of EU and NATO membership, we move towards understanding better our own identity and our common European history.
Norwegian Film Days in Iaşi. Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, May 27-29, 2012. Interview with Jan Erik Holst
Authors: Grecu Ioana , Leon Crina
Published: January 2022

The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi in collaboration with the Norwegian Film Institute in Oslo and the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Bucharest organized the event entitled Norwegian Film Days in Iaşi, between May 27-29, 2012. This cultural event was coordinated by Dr. Crina Leon.The guest speaker was Mr. Jan Erik Holst, executive editor at the Norwegian Film Institute and responsible for major cultural projects abroad. He had previously been invited to Romania for similar projects in Cluj-Napoca and Bucharest.
Reinventing the Baltic Sea Region: From the Hansa to the Eu-Strategy of 2009
Authors: North Michael
Published: January 2022

The political changes of 1989 stimulated a new perception and perspective of the Baltic Sea Region. And this gained momentum with the Eastern Enlargement of the EU. The new situation encouraged research as well. In this context the “Baltic Sea” is not an unchangeable physical setting, but also a construction of different actors or protagonists. People and powers continuously reinvent the Baltic Sea Region. That is why; the following paper focuses on the different notions of the Baltic Sea Region from the Middle Ages up to now and also examines the recent EU-Strategy of this region.
Economic challenges in Early Modern Ages and different responses of European margins. Comparative considerations based on historiography: the cases of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Moldavian Principality
Authors: Babinskas Nerijus
Published: January 2022

This paper desires to draw attention to some stereotypes that simplify perception of historical reality, but nevertheless still prevail in historiography. There is a very common statement about the so-called second edition of serfdom (based on manorial-serve economy) that spread all around the Eastern Europe region in the 16th century. This turn in social development is usually explained as determined by internal as well as external factors. If the problem considered is placed under Marxist views, one can distinguish two extreme poles: traditional Marxism and world-system approach. Supporters of traditional Marxism emphasize internal factors while adherents of world-system attitude accentuate external factors. The author argues that the regime of serfdom established in Moldova until 1600 is not consistent with the classic model. In this case, one can talk only about another type of second serfdom that differs from that of Eastern Germany as well as from Central Europe. It would be also a gross simplification to claim that second serfdom phenomenon was caused exclusively by external reasons. Internal causes are not less but probably even more decisive, at least in some cases. As the work of Darius Žiemelis has showed recently, statements of world-system approach toward certain societies are worth of critical reconsideration.
Jewish faction at the Third Seimas of Lithuania in 1926-1927: on the way to the identity crisis
Authors: Kaubrys Saulius
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the characterisation of the activity of the Jewish faction before the third Seimas and its actions at the short-lived Third Seimas. Due to the circumstances that formed at the Constituent Seimas, the Jewish faction belonged to the Seimas opposition at the First and Second Seimas. The results of the election to the Third Seimas in 1926 provided the Jewish faction with the opportunity to become a constituent part of the ruling coalition. The requirements imposed on the large partners of the coalition reflected both the aspiration to correct “the mistakes” made by the former Seimas with respect to the Jewish community and the aspiration to form the perspective of new possibilities. The relationships with the coalition partners went through two different phases – until the coup d’état of December 1926 and after it. The former link of solidarity and loyalty was replaced with a collective behaviour of adaptation, which permeated the actions of the factions of other ethnic minorities. Work experience in solving the Jewish problems at the Third Seimas is not wide and long.
European Regional Integration in the Drafting of the Eastern Pact in 1934–1935: Interests of the Baltic Entente and the Little Entente
Authors: Bukelevičiūtė Dalia
Published: January 2022

This article follows the interests and actions of the countries of Baltic and Little ententes with regard to the projected Eastern Pact, which raised marked interest in East-Central Europe in 1934-1935. It seeks to give an answer to the question whether the negotiations over the Eastern Pact brought the interests of the Baltic states closer to those of the Little Entente. It highlights that the progress of negotiations made it clear that each country was more concerned with its security than the common security of the entire bloc, even though both the Little Entente and the Baltic Entente were established for the sake of safeguarding security of their member states and harmonising their foreign policy in this respect. Both regional security bodies declared their agreement to the Eastern Pact but the key difference was that the Baltic Entente was expected to participate in the Eastern Pact directly, whereas only Czechoslovakia was singled out from among the members of the Little Entente. The analysis concludes that Lithuania and Czechoslovakia were the two countries which were most actively concerned with the conclusion of the Eastern Pact.
Address at the Fourth International Conference on Baltic and Nordic studies in Romania: empire-building and region-building in the Baltic, North and Black Sea areas
Authors: Jarmolenko Vladimir
Published: January 2022

This year my mission in Romania comes to the end and when I look back I understand that I have strong reasons to be proud for Romanian and Lithuanian historians. A couple of years ago we started from an idea: to bring historians of both countries together. The idea became reality and the The Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies was founded, thanks to the enthusiasm of a couple of persons, or better, personalities, such as Silviu Miloiu, Florin Anghel, Ion Calafeteanu, Bogdan Schipor, Ion Ciuperca and others. The Association’s activity is an incredible way to have a vision about Nordic countries looking from the South! And opposite!
The socio-economic history of Lithuania from the 16th to the 19th century (until 1861) from the perspective of economic development concepts
Authors: Žiemelis Darius
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the presentation of the economic conceptions of the most influential non-Marxist (Karl Bücher, Max Weber) and neo-Marxists (Witold Kula, Immanuel Wallerstein) disclosing their analytical value in the investigations of the typologization of Lithuania‘s social economic history in the 16th-19th centuries (up to 1861). It is established that K. Bücher’s and M. Weber’s conceptions of economic development are best suited to analyze the qualitative changes in the organization of the economic life of the most developed countries in Western Europe (primarily – England) rather than the socio-economic reality of the less developed countries. For the research of the latter better suited are the Marxist (W. Kula‘s model of the feudal economy) and the neo-Marxist (I. Wallerstein’s capitalist world-system conception) concepts analyzing the economic development of less developed countries. The typological diagnosis of Lithuania‘s social economic history in the 16th-19th centuries (up to 1861) is presented.
Diplomacy as a lifestyle. Nordic and Russian diplomats as links between their countries and the Romanian area (17th – 19th centuries)
Authors: Mehedinţi-Beiean Mihaela
Published: January 2022

Building large political structures was always closely connected with a fragile balance between military conflicts and peace. Thus, especially in the modern period, diplomats played an extremely important role in managing crisis situations and/or maintaining the status quo. Moreover, they represented the most visible facet of interstate relationships.
During the 17th – 19th centuries, Europe’s tumultuous history, characterised by frequent wars, many of which against the Ottoman Empire, gave the diplomats’ services an inestimable value. In this context, Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia usually represented only intermediary points on the route towards the diplomats’ final destination, namely the Turks’ Empire.
The present study aims at revealing the multiple forms of interaction between the Nordic (chiefly Swedish) and Russian diplomats, on the one hand, and the Romanian rulers, on the other hand. In order to achieve this goal, general historical information was intertwined with numerous testimonies pertaining to this special category of foreign travellers, the result being a picturesque depiction of certain typicalities of the diplomatic ceremonial.