bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The runic inscription of the new zoomorphic amulet of Scandinavian jewelry traditions of the early Middle Ages, originating from the Middle Dniester of Republic of Moldova
Authors: Bondar Igor
Published: August 2022

The present study focuses on the decipherment and interpretation of the unique runic inscription carved on the zoomorphic pendant of Scandinavian jewelry traditions. The new Scandinavian zoomorphic pendant of 10th century, originating from the region of Middle Dniester, Republic of Moldova. The graffito and amulet have no direct analogies. In the research paper the runic inscription is interpreted as the protection magical spell. The runic inscription is based on the ideographic runes of the Elder and the Younger Futhark. The runic inscription of a similar nature with this combination of graphemes has not yet been known in runology, and is first encountered. The inscription made in Scandinavian runes is the first discovery of a runic inscription in Republic of Moldova and the same time is the first written evidence of the presence of the Vikings in the Dniester-Prut Region. The research methodology is based on a comparison of the runic formula of the zoomorphic amulet inscription with the known analogies of the runic formulas inscribed on various artifacts of ancient German material culture. As much as the inscription contains archaic runes of the Elder Futhark and runes of the Younger Futhark, the study used the approach of identifying the semantic load of the runes used as ideograms with the meaning of their own names. In the present research paper, the retrospective method is used in the most famous examples of Scandinavian runes of the Elder and Younger Futhark as ideograms in the described runic inscriptions of the amulet and incantation character. The comparative method is also applied between compare runes as ideograms of the present inscription and the same runes as ideograms in the other cases of use in the similar or analogical context. Comparative and retrospective methods are also applied in the search for analogies of the use of runes in the meaning of own names in mixed inscriptions made by means of a combinations of older and younger runes. The study widely involved a significant amount of scientific work in the field of methodology of reading and interpreting runic inscriptions of famous runologists of 20th and 21st centuries. In scientific work were used ancient German literary sources, such as: Old Norse, Old Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon runic poems, Old Icelandic sagas about the gods and heroes of the Elder Edda and materials from written sources of the 11th–13th centuries were examined in detail and compared in the context of “magic runes” and mythopoeic concepts in mithological considerations. The archaeological context of this research includes both a comprehensive description of the most unique amulet, and the general layer of the most significant finds of the Viking Age and traces of the Scandinavian cultural presence in the Slavic and Old Russian world of the early Middle Ages in the area of the Dniester-Prut interfluve of present-day territory of Moldova.
Uniquely preserved Slavic nautical technology behind religious exchange and transition in Old Rus and Scandinavia
Authors:   University of Aarhus, Frank Thomas
Published: August 2022

In order to understand how world religions such as Christianity spread, we need to investigate routes of religious exchange. This paper examines Scandinavian exposure to Christianity in the Viking Age from a maritime and theological perspective. It does so by combining literary, graphic, and material evidence with a field study of ancient boatbuilding, which is uniquely preserved in Russia. It investigates how Scandinavians in large numbers reached the Christian metropolis Constantinople by adapting their boatbuilding skills to Slavic nautical technology. An analysis of De Administrando Imperio proves that Scandinavians used and outfitted the Slavic expanded logboat in the text named σκαφίδιον (“skafidion”) along Put’ iz varjag v Greki from the Novgorod Region. It argues that this particular Slavic technology was the precondition for naval expeditions to Constantinople, and it offers a new explanation as to why Slavs over time used the term Rus as a signifier to identify themselves. The paper shows that this is cooperated and elaborated by the field study of the Russian expanded logboat ‘ботник’ (botnik). The paper argues that this study substantiates the claim in The Russian Primary Chronicle also known as Povest’ vremennykh let, that several thousand Scandinavians and Slavs reached Constantinople during their naval expeditions in year 860, 907, and 941, and the information that some of them were baptized in Constantinople, during these years. It is argued that the first major conversion of the Scandinavian elite took place abroad. Because of ботник, Scandinavians together with Slavs were exposed to the idea and reality of a Christian empire long before their kings and grand prince took on and adopted Christianity.
Investigation of the predictive value of MuLBSTA score in predicting critical clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 pneumonia
Authors: YEŞİLTAŞ Serdar , MERİÇ KOÇ Meliha , KARATAŞ Ayşe , TEPE Gülpınar , PASİN Ozge
Published: August 2022

Aim: Multilobar infiltration, lymphocytopenia, bacterial co-infection, smoking history, hypertension, and age>65 (MuLBSTA) score is a clinical prediction rule used to classify patients with viral pneumonia by expected mortality. We compared the predictive performance of MuLBSTA with PSI, CURB-65, and qSOFA for poor clinical outcomes in hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with SARS-CoV-2 who were hospitalized in a tertiary medical center between March 11, 2020, and May 31, 2020. 271 out of 900 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were included in the study. The MuLBSTA, PSI, CURB-65, and qSOFA scores were used to assess thirty-day mortality, need for intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation (MV) requirement, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in all patients. Prognostic factors were also analyzed for thirty-day mortality.Results: Among all 271 hospitalized patients, 150 males (55.3%) were included. The mean age was 54.2±15.4 years. The 30-day mortality rate was 10.7%. Of the patients included in the study; 39 patients (14.3%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 32 patients (11.8%) received mechanical ventilator support, and 23 patients (8.4%) were diagnosed with ARDS. In predicting mortality, the area under the curve (AUC) of the MuLBSTA, PSI, CURB-65 and qSOFA scores were 0.877 (95% CI 0,832 0,914), 0.853 (95% CI 0,806-0,893), 0.769 (95% CI 0,714-0,817) and 0.769 (95% CI 0,715-0,818), respectively. The MuLBSTA score showed a higher AUC value compared to other prediction scores. The MuLBSTA and PSI scores performed better than CURB-65 and qSOFA scores in determining patients’ need for ICU, MV requirement, and ARDS development.Conclusion: The MuLBSTA score is an efficient tool to predict poor clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2. Further studies are warranted to validate its use.
Sex education in the Brazilian Common National Curricular Base: an analysis through the skills of the Natural Sciences field
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Alves Feitosa Raphael , Aires Praciano Jaírla ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Aires de Avila Milena ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará
Published: August 2022

The aim of this paper is to describe how the Brazilian Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC, Portuguese acronym) approaches the issue of sexual education in the area of natural sciences. To this end, the methodology used is a document analysis consisting of the investigation of versions of the BNCC and official documents related to Brazilian education. Considering the importance that the curriculum represents for society, the-re is a need for debate on a national document that fulfils the role of guiding the basic knowledge which is essential for children and teenagers’ learning. This article focuses, particularly, on political issues of curricula framework that are embodied in the desig-ning of BNCC through a qualitative method and through documentary sources. As a basic result, there were few competences that addressed sexuality in Brazilian BNCC, yet in a reductionist way, limiting sexuality to aspects of human anatomy and physiology.
Focos de la práctica reflexiva: algunos pendientes necesarios de atender según la experiencia con profesores de Biología en servicio
Authors:   Universidad Santo Tomás, Ravanal Moreno Eduardo
Published: August 2022

Este artículo aborda la necesidad de ampliar los focos de atención y discusión sobre los cuales orientar la práctica reflexiva del profesorado. Esto, por la naturaleza compleja de las prácticas de enseñanza y el carácter tácito del conocimiento y las acciones docentes implicadas en ella. El artículo centra su atención en tres focos de la práctica reflexiva, que surgen de experiencias de desarrollo profesional con profesores de Biología en servicio. Los focos de la práctica reflexiva que relevamos y esperamos constituyan objetos de desarrollo, son: (1) atención selectiva –el profesorado debe saber percibir/notar en la interacción pedagógica para razonar y decidir-; (2) explicitación del conocimiento tácito –externalizar las reglas ordenadoras de una acción docente- y, (3) el conocimiento pedagógico del contenido personal –un conocimiento especializado y propio que se usa en la enseñanza-. Pensar en nuevos focos para la práctica reflexiva es ampliar las comprensiones sobre la enseñanza, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento de la relación analítica que el profesorado puede hacer (o hace) con sus acciones, para desentrañar los implícitos de una situación de enseñanza significada, y de esa forma, potenciar su aprendizaje profesional docente.
Parenting-Related Self-Compassion Scale (P-SCS): Adaptation and Validation in Indonesian Parents
Authors: Hasyyati Bewizta Maurilla , Abidin Fitri Ariyanti
Published: August 2022

Background:

Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a self-report instrument of self-compassion in the general population. When applied to the parenting context, SCS has limitations in reflecting the difficulties parents face due to the specific characteristic in parenting. This restriction makes it not fully reflect the parenting self-compassion. Therefore, the present study aims to adapt and validate the SCS-modification in parenting (P-SCS) using six steps based on ITC guidance.

Methods:

We analyzed construct validity using factor structure, convergent validity with Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), and reliability using internal consistency. Two hundreds and eight parents were recruited for this study (Mean age = 37.32, SD = 5.113, Female = 191, Male = 17).

Results:

CFA analysis showed that the P-SCS has a fairly good fit model (X2 / df = 1.781; RMSEA = 0.061; GFI = 0.87; CFI = 0.96; NFI = 0.92; IFI = 0.96). Second-order CFA revealed that the six-factor analysis factor approach is more appropriate in analyzing self-compassion compared to the higher-order model. P-SCS has a convergent validity through a moderate correlation with the total RSES score (r = 0.59, p = 0.00) and fairly good reliability (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.870).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, P-SCS is a reliable and valid measure of self-compassion in the Indonesian parenting context.
Health Risks from Supposedly Remediated US Hazardous-Waste Sites: An Early-Warning Signal
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA, Shrader-Frechette Kristin
Published: August 2022

Scientific data are almost nonexistent regarding the health-protectiveness of most hazardous-waste-site remediation. Given this data-gap, recently the World Health Organization (WHO) urged scientists to develop methods of “cost-efficient health surveillance” of toxics’ cleanups, including any “illegal operations”. Following WHO, this article’s importance is to develop one such cost-efficient method. Given the assumption that remediators’-redevelopers’ public misrepresentations of their cleanups’ safety may warrant independently assessing the health-adequacy of their remediation, the article asks the question: “For US hazardous-waste sites, deemed by the courts ‘Imminent and Substantial Endangerment’ (ISE) health threats, are remediators’ public representations of testing-cleanup quality consistent with what their more private technical documents say?” The working hypothesis is that for representative toxic sites, remediators’-redevelopers’ public representations of cleanup often contradict their private technical documents. Using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) weight-of-evidence method, the article (1) develops 5 transparent, reproducible criteria for discovering representative, ISE-designated, US toxic-waste sites; (2) develops 3 transparent, reproducible criteria to discover remediators’-redevelopers’ public representations of their testing-cleanup; (3) uses these 3 criteria to discover what remediators’-redevelopers’ private or technical documents say about the health-adequacy of their testing/cleanup; (4) investigates whether any public representations in (2) contradict any of (3)’s private or technical documents; and (5) discusses the degree to which such contradictions, if any, suggest waste-site threats to health or environmental justice. Our results show that for the representative hazardous sites assessed, many remediator-redeveloper public guarantees of testing-cleanup quality contradict their private or technical documents. The discussion suggests that such contradictions likely violate EPA scientific-integrity regulations, threaten public health, jeopardize environmental justice, thus may require independent investigation of the adequacy of testing-cleanup. For representative, US toxic-waste sites, posing court-determined ISE, remediators’-developers’ public representations of testing-cleanup quality threaten health by often contradicting their private technical documents. The article closes by outlining two scientific strategies to promote health-protective, hazardous-waste testing/remediation.
Deployment of a Free-Text Analytics Platform at a UK National Health Service Research Hospital: CogStack at University College London Hospitals
Authors: Noor Kawsar , Roguski Lukasz , Bai Xi , Handy Alex , Klapaukh Roman , Folarin Amos , Romao Luis , Matteson Joshua , Lea Nathan , Zhu Leilei , Asselbergs Folkert W , Wong Wai Keong , Shah Anoop , Dobson Richard JB
Published: August 2022

Background

As more health care organizations transition to using electronic health record (EHR) systems, it is important for these organizations to maximize the secondary use of their data to support service improvement and clinical research. These organizations will find it challenging to have systems capable of harnessing the unstructured data fields in the record (clinical notes, letters, etc) and more practically have such systems interact with all of the hospital data systems (legacy and current).

Objective

We describe the deployment of the EHR interfacing information extraction and retrieval platform CogStack at University College London Hospitals (UCLH).

Methods

At UCLH, we have deployed the CogStack platform, an information retrieval platform with natural language processing capabilities. The platform addresses the problem of data ingestion and harmonization from multiple data sources using the Apache NiFi module for managing complex data flows. The platform also facilitates the extraction of structured data from free-text records through use of the MedCAT natural language processing library. Finally, data science tools are made available to support data scientists and the development of downstream applications dependent upon data ingested and analyzed by CogStack.

Results

The platform has been deployed at the hospital, and in particular, it has facilitated a number of research and service evaluation projects. To date, we have processed over 30 million records, and the insights produced from CogStack have informed a number of clinical research use cases at the hospital.

Conclusions

The CogStack platform can be configured to handle the data ingestion and harmonization challenges faced by a hospital. More importantly, the platform enables the hospital to unlock important clinical information from the unstructured portion of the record using natural language processing technology.
Conversational Agents in Health Care: Scoping Review of Their Behavior Change Techniques and Underpinning Theory
Authors: Martinengo Laura , Jabir Ahmad Ishqi , Goh Westin Wei Tin , Lo Nicholas Yong Wai , Ho Moon-Ho Ringo , Kowatsch Tobias , Atun Rifat , Michie Susan , Tudor Car Lorainne
Published: August 2022

Background

Conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly used in health care to deliver behavior change interventions. Their evaluation often includes categorizing the behavior change techniques (BCTs) using a classification system of which the BCT Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) is one of the most common. Previous studies have presented descriptive summaries of behavior change interventions delivered by CAs, but no in-depth study reporting the use of BCTs in these interventions has been published to date.

Objective

This review aims to describe behavior change interventions delivered by CAs and to identify the BCTs and theories guiding their design.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane’s Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the first 10 pages of Google and Google Scholar in April 2021. We included primary, experimental studies evaluating a behavior change intervention delivered by a CA. BCTs coding followed the BCTTv1. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data. Descriptive analysis and frequent itemset mining to identify BCT clusters were performed.

Results

We included 47 studies reporting on mental health (n=19, 40%), chronic disorders (n=14, 30%), and lifestyle change (n=14, 30%) interventions. There were 20/47 embodied CAs (43%) and 27/47 CAs (57%) represented a female character. Most CAs were rule based (34/47, 72%). Experimental interventions included 63 BCTs, (mean 9 BCTs; range 2-21 BCTs), while comparisons included 32 BCTs (mean 2 BCTs; range 2-17 BCTs). Most interventions included BCTs 4.1 “Instruction on how to perform a behavior” (34/47, 72%), 3.3 “Social support” (emotional; 27/47, 57%), and 1.2 “Problem solving” (24/47, 51%). A total of 12/47 studies (26%) were informed by a behavior change theory, mainly the Transtheoretical Model and the Social Cognitive Theory. Studies using the same behavior change theory included different BCTs.

Conclusions

There is a need for the more explicit use of behavior change theories and improved reporting of BCTs in CA interventions to enhance the analysis of intervention effectiveness and improve the reproducibility of research.
A Machine Learning-Based Approach to Predict Prognosis and Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhao Bing , Fang Cheng , Pan Yifeng , Zhao Luotong , Niu Zhaoyi , Guo Qingguo
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Background: The treatment and care of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitute an intractable global health problem. Predicting the prognosis and length of hospital stay of patients with TBI may improve therapeutic effects and significantly reduce societal healthcare burden. Applying machine-learning (ML) methods to the field of TBI may be valuable for determining the prognosis and cost-effectiveness of clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: We aimed to use ML methods to build models for predicting the prognosis and length of hospital stay for patients with traumatic craniocerebral injury.

METHODS

Methods: We collected relevant clinical information from patients treated at the Neurosurgery Centre of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between May 2017 and May 2022, of which 80% was used for training the model and 20% for testing via screening and data splitting. We trained and tested the ML models using five cross-validations to avoid overfitting. In the ML models, 11 types of independent variables were used as input variables, and length of stay and GOS score were used as output variables. Once the models were trained, we obtained and compared the errors of each ML model from five rounds of cross-validation to select the best predictive model. The model was then externally tested using clinical data of patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2021 to February 2022.

RESULTS

Results: The final convolutional neural network-support vector machine (CNN-SVM) model predicted GOS with an accuracy of 93% and 93.69% in the test set and external validation set, respectively. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the final built convolutional neural network-support vector regression (CNN-SVR) model predicting inpatient time in the test set and external validation set was 10.72% and 10.44%, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.93 and 0.92 in the test set and external validation set, respectively. Compared with back-propagation neural networks (BPNNs), CNN, and SVM models built separately, our hybrid model was identified to be optimal and had high confidence.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions: This study demonstrates the clinical utility of two hybrid models built using ML methods to accurately predict the prognosis and length of hospital stay for patients with TBI. Application of these models may reduce the burden on physicians when assessing TBI and assist clinicians in the medical decision-making process.
The Impacts on Consumer Health from Dug Well Contamination - A Crucial Drinking Water Source
Authors: Thaniem Muhammed , Prakash Anupama , Muniyandi Muniasamy
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Main objective of this review is to analyse potential sources of pollution, constituents, consumer health risks related to contaminated drinking water, and remediation strategies. Dug wells with poorly protected well mouth-covering or unlined wells are more susceptible to biological and chemical contamination. Physical irregularities in the lining and covering of the well act as a door to the entry of pollutants into the well. Residential, municipal, commercial, industrial, and agricultural activities can have an impact on ground water quality. Agriculture is one of the most common human activities that have an impact on both surface and groundwater. Water resource quality is determined by geological characteristics such as soil kinds, topography slope, plant roots, water dissolution with minerals/soils, and the radioactive decay of elements. Septic tanks, pit latrines, and sewer systems are the main source of faecal contamination in the groundwater system. Pesticides, fertilisers, and livestock dung frequently introduce heavy metals into aquifers, posing a direct hazard to human health. Waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, syphilis, and typhoid have been linked to a lack of adequate water. Drinking water containing various anions and heavy metals, such as Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, and others, has a substantial negative impact on human health. Drinking water treatment removes impurities from the source water, making it safe to drink. The long-term goal of decontamination is to detect and remove hazardous compounds from water cost-effectively and reliably.
Co-Creating Educational YouTube Videos as Site as a Community of Inquiry
Authors: Lee Yu-Ling
Published: August 2022

This article examines how a professor co-creates educational YouTube videos alongside students to form a community of inquiry (CoI). The CoI considers the cognitive, social, and teaching presences in the educational experiences of technologies. In this case, students and a professor co-create YouTube videos as a basis for interactivity and collaboration within the CoI in order to resolve teaching and learning challenges. The making, understanding, and implementation of videos is a blended learning approach that fosters competency development and pedagogical praxis. The multimodal nature of YouTube encourages the students to become active producers of their learning through their user-generated videos. This participatory culture is necessary for online, in-person, and blended teaching and learning realities. Practical implications of the co-making process and the video workflow are provided.
RÉSUMÉCet article examine comment un professeur cocrée des vidéos YouTube éducatives avec des étudiants dans le contexte d’une communauté de recherche. Celle-ci prend en compte les présences cognitives, sociales et pédagogiques dans l’expérience éducative des technologies. Dans le cas qui fait l’objet de cet article, un professeur et des étudiants forment une communauté de recherche afin de cocréer des vidéos pour YouTube. Pour ce groupe, il s’agit d’une occasion d’interactivité et de collaboration en vue de résoudre des défis d’enseignement et d’apprentissage. Ainsi, la création, la compréhension et le téléchargement de vidéos constituent une instance d’apprentissage hybride qui favorise le développement de compétences spécifiques et l’application pédagogique de celles-ci. La nature multimodale de YouTube encourage les étudiants à participer activement à leur propre apprentissage au moyen des vidéos qu’ils cocréent. Cette culture participative est utile aux réalités de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage, qu’elle se passe en ligne, en personne ou sous forme hybride. L’article explore aussi les implications pratiques du processus de cocréation et de la séquence de tâches requises pour créer une vidéo.
Critical Thinking Education and Assessment, 2nd ed.
Authors: Sobocan Jan
Published: August 2022

This second edition of CRITICAL THINKING EDUCATION AND ASSESSMENT: Can Higher Order Thinking be Tested? contains a series of important papers from the first edition and a new Introduction by Jan Sobocan. The essays are an important read for anyone interested in the issues raised by the teaching of critical thinking and consequent attempts to test its success. They discuss attempts to use testing to ensure educational accountability, the politics of testing regimes, and the shortcomings and the strengths of standard tests used to teach and assess students, courses, programs, and the tests themselves. The ebook can serve as a useful introduction to the questions that this raises, at the same time that it provides answers to these questions from the perspective of many different trends within contemporary argumentation theory.
Church and Community in Vilkija Parish from the Second Half of the 16th Century to the End of the 17th Century
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University, Šumilova Justina
Published: August 2022

This article investigates the relationship between the Church and community in Vilkija parish from the second half of the 16th century to the end of the 17th century. The main method used in the study is microhistory. The research reveals the structure of the Vilkija parish, the daily religious practices and traditions in the parish, religious changes.
The Phenomenon of Childlessness in Lithuania: from Sources to Scientific Studies
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University, Vailionytė Nijolė
Published: August 2022

The aim of the article is to analyse the ethnological sources and investigations dealing with the phenomenon of childlessness in Lithuania. The paper analyses the ethnological sources and investigations carried out in Lithuania, which reveal the attitude a traditional village community had concerning childless people belonging to the community, also, the members of rural or urban modern society. The work deals with the problem of change concerning the attitude to childlessness from the 20th century until the beginning of the 21st century. We concentrate upon the studies carried out in the 21st century, which are becoming increasingly interdisciplinary.
The Hit Publishing (Schlager) in RIga during the Great Depression in the Late 1920s and Early 1930s
Authors:   Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music, Rokpelnis Alberts
Published: August 2022

This paper attempts to answer the question whether it is possible to identify the impact of the Great Depression on Latvian popular music publishing. Through analysis of piano-vocal editions, the aim is to examine the activities of Riga hit publishers in the 1920s and 1930s. General trends show a decline in the volume of printed hits, as well as a decrease in the number of publishers in 1931, which coincides with the crisis in Latvia as a whole. Similarly to the global music industry in its entirety, a narrower but stronger set of popular music publishers stabilized in Latvia of the 1930s.
Baltic School of Textile Art. Comparative Analysis of Soviet Latvian, Lithuanian, and Estonian Textile Art in the Context of Landscape Representation
Authors:   Art Academy of Latvia, Broka Rita
Published: August 2022

The Baltic School of Textile Art is a term used in the 1960s and 1980s to denote textile art in Soviet Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. The article aims to provide an insight into the circumstances of the origin of this term and examine the school’s idiosyncrasy in the context of landscape representation. According to the data obtained in the study, the term’s introduction was determined by regionally oriented exhibition practice, the relevant folk art traditions and the similarities in the treatment of visual content and materiality of textiles. In this context, the dominance of landscape motifs can be considered one of the school’s most characteristic features.
Viduslaiku Rīgas pilsētbūvniecība un arhitektūra Ritas Zandbergas skatījumā
Authors:   Latvijas Mākslas akadēmija, Stoma Liberta
Published: August 2022

Raksts dod ieskatu par sabiedrībā mazāk zināmās arhitektūras vēsturnieces Ritas Zandbergas personību un viņas darbu Rīgas pilsētbūvniecības un arhitektūras vēstures izpētē, kas ir nozīmīgs, jo arhitekte pievērsusies neizpētītām un ļoti svarīgām Rīgas vēstures tēmām. Arhitektes izteiktās hipotēzes un veiktie pētījumi ne vienmēr vērtēti pozitīvi, jo izraisījuši diskusijas un asu kritiku, tādēļ palikuši nenovērtēti un nepublicēti, kā arī joprojām nav pieejami plašākam interesentu lokam. Rakstā uzmanība pievērsta Zandbergas viduslaiku Rīgas pilsētbūvniecības un arhitektūras pētniecības mantojumam, izvirzītajām hipotēzēm un secinājumiem.
Naudas sistēma viduslaiku Livonijā (15. gs. – 16. gs. vidus): strīdu objekts vai zemju saliedēšanas līdzeklis?
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Solovjova Marina
Published: August 2022

Rakstā tiek aplūkotas Livonijas monētniecības un monetārās politikas iezīmes 15.–16. gad­simta pirmajā pusē. Tiek konstatētas gan reģionālās īpatnības, gan arī visai vēlo viduslaiku Eiropai kopīgās tendences. Kā svarīgākās ir atzīmējamas zelta un sudraba, kā arī vietējo un ārzemju monētu kursu svārstības, sudraba trūkums u. c. Uzmanība pievērsta dažādu kārtu interešu sadursmēm un to lietotajām stratēģijām cīņā par naudas sistēmas normālās funkcionēšanas nodrošināšanu. Livonijas salīdzināta ar attiecīgā laika vācu zemēm, kas ļauj izdarīt pieņēmumu par monetārajai savienībai raksturīgas struktūras esamību mūsdienu Latvijas un Igaunijas teritorijā: politiski plurālistiskā Livonija ar vienoto naudas sistēmu tika pārvērsta vienotajā telpā, kur nauda pildīja komunikatīvo un apvienojošo funkciju.
Latgales (Poļu Inflantijas) muižniecības (šļahtas) politiskā darbība Žečpospoļitā pēc iekļaušanas Krievijas sastāvā un līdz Žečpospoļitas trešajai dalīšanai (1772–1795)
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Seliška Edvards
Published: August 2022

Rakstā, balstoties uz nepublicētiem, publicētiem avotiem un nelielo pētījumu klāstu, apskatīta maz pētīta tēma par Inflantijas (Latgales) muižniecības politisko lomu Žečpospoļitā starp Polijas pirmo un trešo dalīšanu (1772–1795). Virkne inflantiešu bija kļuvuši par Krievijas un Polijas–Lietuvas dubultpilsoņiem. Inflantieši sākotnēji bija saistīti ar karali Staņislavu Augustu, kurš atbalstīja viņu politiskās darbības atsākšanu 1778. gadā. Taču pakāpeniski inflantieši saistījās arī ar citām politiskām nometnēm – gan reformu, gan prokrieviski noskaņotām. Lielā Seima (1788–1792) deputāti no Inflantijas bija pamanāmi reformu atbalstītāji. Tas disonēja ar piesardzīgā vairākuma inflantiešu bažām par savu īpašumu drošību, jo Krievija asi reaģēja uz reformām.
Vācbaltiešu sociālpolitiskā ietekme uz Latvijas augstāko izglītību Politiskās pārvaldes redzeslokā parlamentārisma perioda beigās
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Rubenis Rūdolfs
Published: August 2022

Raksta mērķis ir izvērtēt Latvijas Politiskās pārvaldes novērojumus un vērtējumus par vācbaltiešu sociālpolitiskajām aktivitātēm parlamentārisma beigu posmā, skatoties augstākās izglītības kontekstā. Tiek secināts, ka Latvijas Politiskā pārvalde pievērsa uzmanību nacionālajam jautājumam vācbaltiešu sociālpolitiskajās aktivitātēs, kur konstatēja Latvijas valstij aizdomīgu darbību caur izglītības un akadēmiskajām organizācijām kā politiskam aizsegam. Šo sociālpolitisko aktivitāšu laikā radās kurioza situācija, kurā, pielīdzinot latviešu pērkonkrustiešus vācbaltiešu nacionālsociālistiem, latviešu sociāldemokrāti sāka konfliktēt ar latviešu pērkonkrustiešiem.
Konstantīna Jezovitova (1893–1946) darbības analīze Latvijā (1919–1934)
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Drugoveiko Milana
Published: August 2022

Konstantīna Jezovitova (1893–1946) darbība bija vērsta uz Latvijas baltkrievu minoritātes nacionālās pašapziņas veicināšanu. Rakstā analizēta Konstantīna Jezovitova darbība Latvijā parlamentārajā posmā, kad tās rezultātā Latvijā izveidojās vairākas baltkrievu kultūras biedrības, baltkrievu minoritātes izglītības pārvalde, baltkrievu politiskā partija, kā arī sniegts būtisks ieguldījums sabiedrības izpratnē par Baltkrievijas un baltkrievu pašnoteikšanās vēsturi. Viņa darbība rada būtisku priekšstatu par vienu no lielākām minoritātēm Latvijā parlamentārajā posmā. Ņemot vērā Konstantīna Jezovitova sabiedriski politisko darbību kopš 1919. gada, viņa mērķis bija panākt savas etniskās dzimtenes nacionālo neatkarību, kas sarežģīja valsts un minoritāšu politiku.
1. Valmieras robežsargu bataljona formēšana un problēmas no 1991. līdz 1994. gadam
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Rasnacis Viesturs
Published: August 2022

Līdz ar Latvijas Republikas neatkarības atgūšanu tās nosargāšanai bija nepieciešami savi bruņotie spēki, tāpēc paralēli Zemessardzei tika izveidoti Aizsardzības spēki, no kuriem skaitliski vislielākā vienība bija Robežsargu brigāde. 1. Valmieras robežsardzes bataljona izveidē un darbībā atspoguļojās arī tālaika Latvijas bruņoto spēku attīstība un grūtības kopumā, kas neaprobežojās tikai ar Robežsargu brigādes spēkiem. Lai sīkāk izpētītu šīs problēmas 1. Valmieras robežsargu bataljona piemērā, tika aplūkotas tādas bataljona agrīnā veidošanās posma problēmas kā personālsastāvs, dienests un bruņojums, kas ļāva secināt, ka vienības attīstībai visvairāk traucējošais faktors bija tieši kadru trūkums.
Трехмерная неосесимметричная локальная потеря устойчивости полого цилиндра из анизотропного вязкоупругого материала
Authors:   Yildiz Technical University, Акбаров С. Д. , Анвар М. Й. , Кутюг З. ,   National Academy of Sciences, Baku
Published: August 2022

Изучена трехмерная неосесимметричная задача локальной потери устойчивости полого цилиндра из вязкоупругого композитного материала при осевом сжатии. Использован критерий бесконечно малого начального несовершенства, эволюцию которого исследовали с помощью трехмерных геометрически нелинейных точных уравнений теории вязкоупругости. Соответствующую нелинейную задачу решали методом краевых возмущений. Материал цилиндра моделировали как вязкоупругую трансверсально-изотропную среду. Численные результаты для критического времени и критических сжимающих сил обсуждены и сопоставлены с полученными с помощью приближенных теорий оболочек.
Механика деформирования тест-образцов из слоистых волокнистых композитов со структурой [±45°] при испытаниях на растяжение и сжатие 2. Исследование плоских внутренних форм потери устойчивости
Authors:   Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева, Паймушин В. Н. , Газизуллин Р. К. , Холмогоров С. А. , Шишов М. А. ,   Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет
Published: August 2022

Дана уточненная постановка линеаризованных задач о плоских внутренних разномасштабных формах потери устойчивости жесткого монослоя, состоящего или из волокон, или из пучков волокон (нитей) с учетом их взаимодействия с окружающей матрицей. Они являются составными структурными элементами волокнистых композитов и находятся в докритическом (невозмущенном) состоянии под действием не только напряжений сдвига, но и растяжения (сжатия) в направлении волокон. Такое начальное напряженное состояние, как установлено в первой части статьи на основе анализа результатов теоретических и экспериментальных исследований, формируется в волокнах и пучках волокон при испытаниях на растяжение и сжатие плоских тест-образцов из косоугольно армированных композитов с прямолинейными волокнами. Для постановки задачи использованы уравнения, построенные редукцией непротиворечивого варианта геометрически нелинейных уравнений теории упругости к одномерным уравнениям теории прямых стержней на основе уточненной сдвиговой модели Тимошенко с учетом деформаций растяжения—сжатия в поперечном направлении для жесткого монослоя, для слоев связующего — модели трансверсально-мягкого слоя с неподвижными граничными плоскостями в возмущенном состоянии. Они отличаются от ранее построенных учетом формирования в жестком монослое композита дополнительных докритических усилий растяжения (сжатия) в направлении волокон. Теоретически показано, что в тест-образцах со структурой [±45°]2s наиболее интенсивная и непрерывная перестройка структуры композита из-за реализации и непрерывной смены исследуемых внутренних форм потери устойчивости при непрерывном изменении параметра волнообразования должна наблюдаться в условиях сжатия образцов, а в условиях растяжения такие явления возможны лишь из-за формирования начальных напряжений сдвига.
Конечно-элементный анализ железобетонных балок, упрочненных U-образными обмотками волокнисто-армированного углепластика
Authors:   Faculty of Building and Industrial Construction, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Нгуен Н. Т. , Нгуен Т. К. , Ду Д. Х. , Нгуен Д. Н.
Published: August 2022

Разработаны трехмерные конечно-элементные модели для двух железобетонных балок, упрочненных волокнисто-армированным углепластиком, достоверность применения которых проверена с помощью экспериментальных данных. Механизм разрушения представлен как переход от разрушения сдвиг—растяжение в контрольной балке к сдвиг—сжатие в упрочненных балках. Для определения влияния количества слоев в U-образной углепластиковой обмотке и количества обмоток на сдвиговые характеристики и прочность при сжатии железобетонных балок выполнены параметрические исследования.
Влияние перекрытия микротрещин на свойства эпоксидных композитов с углеродными нанотрубками при растяжении и сжатии
Authors:   Indian Institute of Science, Гупта Н. , Хиремат С. Р. , Махапатра Д. Р. ,   National Institute of Technology Raipur
Published: August 2022

Рассмотрены перекрытие микротрещин и оптимальный режим диспергирования углеродных нанотрубок (CNT) в эпоксидной матрице волокнисто-армированного стеклопластика (GFRP). Цель диспергирования CNT — достижение улучшенных механических и регулируемых тепловых/диэлектрических свойств композита. Потребность в таких электропроводящих композитах по сравнению с дорогостоящей углеродной тканью общепризнана. Результаты подтверждены с помощью теоретической модели. Модель связывает ухудшение жесткости композитов с наличием трещин в матрице композита. Моделирование представительного объемного элемента слоистого композита методом конечных элементов демонстрирует влияние CNT на микротрещины и эффективную жесткость. Результаты, полученные путем теоретического и конечно-элементного моделирования, коррелируют с экспериментальными данными и объясняют повышенную прочность благодаря добавлению CNT. Исследование показало, что определенные условия обработки в сочетании с действием диспергирующих агентов снижают пористость, остаточное напряжение и обеспечивают постоянный эффект дисперсионного упрочнения при добавлении всего лишь 0,1% по массе CNT, улучшающего свойства при растяжении и сжатии. Обработка CNT этанолом уменьшает силы Ван-дер-Ваальса между CNT и вязкость эпоксидной матрицы. Повышение жесткости и прочности стеклопластика при введении CNT происходит прежде всего за счет эффективного перекрытия микротрещин и изменения пути передачи нагрузки.
Effect of Giving Temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) Flour on the Productivity of Puyuh Bird Eggs
Authors: Sukriani Ni Luh , Sarjuni Sri
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tepung temulawak terhadap produktivitas telur burung puyuh. Materi penelitian menggunakan 100 ekor ternak burung puyuh betina fase layer yang diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya dan bibit puyuh diperoleh dari kelompok pembibitan burung puyuh kota Palu, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, level penggunaan tepung temulawak sebagai berikut: (P0: 0%; P1: 0,5%; P2: 1%; P3: 1,5%; dan P4: 2%). Peubah yang diamati yaitu konsumsi ransum (g), persentase produksi telur (%) dan konversi ransum. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukan bahwa penggunaan tepung temulawak dalam ransum memberikan pengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi ransum dan konversi ransum, dan memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap produksi telur. Kesimpulan: dari hasil dan pembahasan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil yang terbaik adalah pemberian 1,5% tepung temulawak dalam ransum ditinjau dari persentase produksi telur yang dihasilkan.
Association of arterial blood pH at cannulation with 1-year survival among VA-ECMO recipients: the three seven rule
Authors: Dib Nabil , Belaroussi Yaniss , Mansour Alexandre , Gueddari Nabila El , Anselmi Amedeo , Bounader Karl , Aymami Marie , Verhoye Jean-Philippe , AUFFRET Vincent , Nesseler Nicolas , Flecher Erwan
Published: August 2022

Objective We aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of
patients receiving veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
therapy considering clinical context and pH at cannulation.
Methods We reviewed all patients having received veno-arterial
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy at a tertiary referral
center during the 2005-2020 period with 1-year complete follow up. Our
cohort was divided in three groups according to the pH level at
cannulation: pH<7 (group 1), pH 7-7.2 (group 2) and
pH>7.2 (group 3). Survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier
method. Association between pH group and survival was estimated using a
Cox model. Results Among the 951 patients in our database, 572
were included in 3 different groups according to their pH at
implantation: 60 patients in group 1, 115 in group 2 and 397 in group 3.
Main indications of mechanical support were refractory cardiogenic shock
(36%), post cardiotomy (28%), early graft failure (12%), refractory
cardiac arrest (11%). One-year survival rate was 13% in group 1, 36%
in group 2, 43% in group 3 respectively (p<0.001). Death
mainly occurred within the first month. The strong correlation between
pH and lactates led to propose a simple “three seven rule”:
pH<7 and lactate >7 was associated with
<7% survival. Conclusion Extracorporeal
veno-arterial membrane oxygenation should be considered with caution in
patients with pH<7. Lactates and pH level might be important
parameters to elaborate a new score to predict survival in this
population. The simplicity of the “three seven rule” can be very
relevant when facing emergency situations.
Modelling the field personnel resources to control foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in New Zealand
Authors: Sanson Robert , Rawdon Thomas , Andel Mary van , Yu Zhidong
Published: August 2022

The objective of the study was to simulate New Zealand’s foot-and-mouth
disease (FMD) operational plan to determine personnel requirements for a
FMD response and understand how the numbers of frontline staff available
could affect the size and duration of FMD outbreaks, when using
stamping-out (SO) measures with or without vaccination. The model
utilized a national dataset of all known livestock farms. Each
simulation randomly seeded infection into a single farm. Transmission
mechanisms included direct and indirect contacts, local and airborne
spread. Prior to each simulation, the numbers of personnel for
front-line tasks were set randomly. In a random subset of simulations,
vaccination was allowed to be deployed as an adjunct to SO. Front-line
tasks included contact tracing, surveillance of at-risk farms,
depopulation and vaccination using teams comprising personnel of the
different types required by New Zealand’s operational plans. The effect
of personnel numbers on the size and duration of epidemics were explored
using machine learning methods. In the second stage of the study, using
a subset of iterations where numbers of personnel were unconstrained,
the number of personnel used each day were quantified. When personnel
resources were unconstrained, the 95 percentile and
maximum number of infected places (IPs) were 78 and 462 respectively,
and the 95 percentile and maximum duration were 69
and 217 days respectively. However, severe constraints on personnel
resources allowed some outbreaks to exceed the size of the UK 2001 FMD
epidemic which had 2026 IPs. The number of veterinarians available had a
major influence on the size and duration of outbreaks, while the
availability of other personnel types did not. A shortage of
veterinarians was associated with an increase in time to detect and
depopulate IPs, allowing for continued transmission. Emergency
vaccination placed a short-term demand for additional staff at the start
of the vaccination programme, but the overall number of person days used
were similar to SO-only strategies. This study determined the optimal
numbers of front-line personnel required to implement the current
operational plans to support an FMD response in New Zealand. A shortage
of veterinarians was identified as the most influential factor to impact
disease control outcomes. Emergency vaccination led to earlier control
of an FMD outbreak, but also resulted in a short-term spike in demand
for personnel. A successful response needs to have access to sufficient
personnel, particularly veterinarians, trained in response roles and
available at short notice.
SARS-CoV-2-Triggered Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis with Complications of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Authors: Perry Ross M. , Casey Scott D. , Lee Alex Q. , Bowditch Sylvia P. , Rasmussen Mary A. , Sethi Viyeka , Panigrahi Arun
Published: August 2022

In this article, we describe a novel case of
SARS-CoV-2-associated-hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).
Initially diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory response in children
(MIS-C), the patient received a large corticosteroid dose days before
the onset of neurological symptoms. After developing PRES, the patient
was treated with antihypertensives, anti-epileptics, dexamethasone, and
anakinra, leading to neurologic normalization. We propose that given the
challenging diagnostic picture of PRES developing in patients with HLH
or MIS-C, institutionalized standards for blood pressure management
during corticosteroid induction may significantly improve outcomes in
patients being treated for hyperinflammatory syndromes who develop
neurological symptoms.