bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Men and health promotion in the United Kingdom: 20 years further forward?
Authors: Robertson Steve , Baker Peter
Published: May 2016

Despite overall improvements in life expectancy, rates of premature male mortality, particularly for men in areas of socioeconomic deprivation, remain an important issue of concern in the United Kingdom. Interventions to engage men and promote their health and wellbeing have developed, albeit sporadically, over recent decades in response to this health inequity. This paper provides a 10-year update on the state of men’s health promotion in the United Kingdom. It begins by highlighting changes in male life expectancy and possible explanations for these shifts, including a relative failure to address mental health promotion and male suicide, before providing detail about how practice approaches to men’s health promotion have evolved over the period 2005–2016. Such changes are not removed from the wider socioeconomic context. This paper therefore, then, considers movements in the policy context and possible influences of this before exploring the challenges that remain for men’s health promotion. We suggest that despite certain improvements in the practice of men’s health promotion and in men’s health outcomes, issues remain in terms of premature mortality, particularly for certain groups of men. We further suggest that many of the difficulties in improving and promoting the health of men further lie with a market-driven neoliberal policy context that engenders inequality through the inequitable distribution of and access to material resources and through individualistic approaches to health promotion that serve men from economically and socially disadvantaged locations least well.
When Is Collective Exposure to War Events Related to More Acceptance of Collective Guilt?
Authors: Penic Sandra , Elcheroth Guy , Spini Dario
Published: May 2016

Previous studies adopting the collective vulnerability approach have shown that condemnation of war atrocities is grounded in communal experiences of victimization and is strongest in locations where victimization was spread across ethnic boundaries. Based on a representative survey conducted in 2006 ( N = 2,012) across the former Yugoslavia, we find a similar pattern for acceptance of collective guilt. While personal victimization does not have a significant impact, the acceptance of guilt is strongest in more war-affected regions. Moreover, the results show the importance of the type of communal-level victimization: acceptance of guilt is lowest in regions marked by asymmetric violence and highest in regions marked by symmetric violence. Our findings suggest that collective victimization should not be treated as a uniform phenomenon and challenge the assumption that rejection of in-group guilt is an inevitable outcome of collective victimization.
Hollywood's Changing Takes on Terrorism: Re-viewing John Huston's We Were Strangers (1949)
Authors: Shaw Tony
Published: May 2016

Scholarship on the cinematic representation of terrorism has grown increasingly sophisticated recently, deepening the debate about the mass media's relationship to political violence. This article contributes to this debate by taking a long view of Hollywood's treatment of terrorism and by examining, in particular, how US filmmakers' definition of terrorism has varied significantly from the early twentieth century through to the present day. The article focuses on a neglected film about Cuban terrorism made during the post-Second World War Red Scare, John Huston's We Were Strangers. Huston's thriller was the first Hollywood production that not only depicted terrorists as heroes but also appeared to justify the killing of innocent civilians for political purposes. By detailing the production of We Were Strangers, the article gives an insight into the obstacles that US filmmakers have typically met when touching on the subject of terrorism – obstacles that, in the case of We Were Strangers, helped hobble the film aesthetically and politically. By analysing the reception of We Were Strangers, the article points to the risks in jumping to conclusions about the impact that screen images of terrorism have had – or might now have – on critical and public opinion.
Healthcare Cost and Impact of Persistent Orofacial Pain
Authors: Durham J. , Shen J. , Breckons M. , Steele J.G. , Araujo-Soares V. , Exley C. , Vale L.
Published: May 2016

Few data are available on the healthcare costs of those suffering from persistent orofacial pain (POFP). This cohort and cost analysis study examined the direct costs of POFP from the perspective of the healthcare provider (specifically, the UK National Health Service) in 2012 pounds sterling and sought to identify whether dichotomized (high, IIb to IV; low, 0 to IIa) graded chronic pain scale (GCPS) status is predictive of the total cost of healthcare over the last 6 mo. The healthcare utilization data of 198 patients with POFP were collected using a structured interview and a validated “use of services and productivity” questionnaire. Unit costs were used with these utilization data to calculate direct healthcare costs in 3 categories: consultation, medication, and appliances and interventions. Consultation costs were a significant proportion of cumulative healthcare cost ( P < 0.001). Dichotomized GCPS status was predictive of increased healthcare cost over the last 6 mo, accounting for an average increase of £366 (95% confidence interval, 135 to 598; P < 0.01) when moving from a low GCPS status to a high GCPS status. Given the predictive capability of dichotomized GCPS status and the success of stratified models of care for other persistent pain conditions, dichotomized GCPS status may offer an opportunity to help determine stratification of care for patients with POFP.
Transactional Experiences of Existential Anxiety as a Barrier to Effective Humanistic Intervention
Authors: Hunter Noel , Barsky Tristan V.
Published: May 2016

There are some who criticize mainstream mental health approaches and point out that individuals in distress appear to be getting worse, as opposed to better, while in treatment. Ex-patients often advocate for a person-centered, humanistic approach to working with emotional distress, while clinicians tend to offer a disease-based, deficit-focused model. This article is an exploration of the dynamics between patients and professionals that may be contributing to conflicting perspectives on what constitutes helpful intervention. Specifically, concepts of terror management theory are used to explore how the existential anxieties experienced both by individuals with serious emotional difficulties as well as their treating clinicians, which are consciously or unconsciously avoided in treatment, can reciprocally trigger distressing anxiety in the other. Suggestions are offered as to what could help mitigate this existential stalemate in the psychotherapeutic context.
Perception of Nonnative-accented Sentences by 5- to 8-Year-olds and Adults: The Role of Phonological Processing Skills
Authors: Bent Tessa , Atagi Eriko
Published: May 2016

To acquire language and successfully communicate in multicultural and multilingual societies, children must learn to understand speakers with various accents and dialects. This study investigated adults’ and 5- to 8-year-old children’s perception of native- and nonnative-accented English sentences in noise. Participants’ phonological memory and phonological awareness were assessed to investigate factors associated with individual differences in word recognition. Although both adults and children performed less accurately with nonnative talkers than native talkers, children showed greater performance decrements. Further, phonological memory was more closely tied to perception of native talkers whereas phonological awareness was more closely related to perception of nonnative talkers. These results suggest that the ability to recognize words produced in unfamiliar accents continues to develop beyond the early school-age years. Additionally, the linguistic skills most related to word recognition in adverse listening conditions may differ depending on the source of the challenge (i.e., noise, talker, or a combination).
In the Eyes of the Gatekeepers
Authors: Wu Guangzhen , Boateng Francis D , Yuan Yuan
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this paper is to examine Chinese police officers’ attitudes toward the individuals they serve and protect. Using cross-sectional data collected from 271 police officers in a Chinese police university, this paper examines the effects of officers’ perceptions of citizens’ cooperation, compliance with laws, recognition and disrespect. Chinese police officers generally have mixed feelings about citizens. While officers negatively perceived citizens’ levels of cooperation, they believed the Chinese public were law-abiding and recognised the police for their work. Results further revealed a significant relationship between officers’ attitudes and their sense of effectiveness and behaviour. Future research should include more attitudinal dimensions, such as officers’ personality traits, and examine the relationship from a longitudinal perspective. Findings provide insights for Chinese administrators to reform the police with a focus on strengthening citizen–police relationships.
Moving From Student to Professional: Industry Mentors and Academic Internship Coordinators Supporting Intern Learning in the Workplace
Authors: Kramer-Simpson Elisabeth
Published: May 2016

This article offers empirical data to explore ways that both industry mentors and academic internship coordinators support student interns in ways that optimize the workplace experience. Rich description of qualitative data from case studies and interviews shows that to optimize the internship, both the industry mentor and the academic internship coordinator ensure that the experience offers professional-level experiences while allowing students to make mistakes in the course of the learning experience. Finally, academic internship coordinators find it most effective to spend time selecting strong industry mentors, and then cultivating these relationships across years of internship interactions.
Identifying and Explaining Organizational Cultures in the Public Sector: A Study of the Australian Public Service Using the Interaction Ritual Theory of Randall Collins
Authors: Matheson Craig
Published: May 2016

This article identifies and explains different cultures within the Australian Public Service (APS) using the interaction ritual (IR) theory of Randall Collins. It argues that such cultures vary along two dimensions: power and status. On the power dimension, we may distinguish three cultures: that of the order givers, that of the order takers, and that of those who both give and take orders. On the status dimension, we may distinguish localistic and cosmopolitan cultures. Cultural differences on these two dimensions are associated with variations in organizational rank, educational levels, agency tasks, relationships with clients, and central versus regional office location.
Inventing traditions: television dating shows in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Wang Pan
Published: May 2016

Chinese dating shows emerged in the late 1980s and initially were a space for marriage advertisement for individuals. It has then evolved into an entertainment arena for singles to show talent, discuss, and interact with one another. The evolution of the shows not only reflects the changing preference of television viewers but also testifies the broader changes of social and gender relations, media regulations, as well as the different values and identities across generations. By examining the invention and reinvention processes of China’s television dating shows, the article argues that dating shows played a significant role in advancing traditional marriage matchmaking culture through (re)invention of new traditions. In doing so, it has not only created new television genres but also mobilized the audience to discuss love and marriage and to voice their opinions on a rapidly changing society.
From the Alleys to City Hall
Authors: Lemke Jeslyn
Published: May 2016

From September 2013 to April 2014, an independent collection of homeless men and women planted their own tent city, Whoville in downtown Eugene, Oregon. Over these 8 months, they fought with the city for more housing for Eugene’s growing homeless population, initiating a citywide dialogue on the marginalization of the homeless. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the homeless tenants of the Whoville community used participatory communication to achieve their long-term goals in sustaining a working camp and also carrying on with their plans after the government intervened. Drawing on seven interviews with camp tenants, highly involved volunteers, board members, and articles from the Eugene Register Guard, I examine the dynamic of participatory communication in sustaining this movement. What components of participatory communication helped these activists form a community and then mobilize the surrounding community? I argue that two key strategies, applicable to other situations of homeless resistance, emerge from the themes found in these interviews: (a) Whoville’s strategy to unite as a physical community, forming a public, collective identity in the greater Eugene community and (b) invoking a collective vision for better housing which mobilized both Whoville and citizens at large to rally to this vision.
Abnormal mobile structure in the aortic valve due to fibrous strand rupture
Authors: Ogawa Shinji , Sawada Koshi , Goto Yoshihiro , Koyama Yutaka , Okawa Yasuhide
Published: May 2016

Mobile abnormal structures in the aortic valve are difficult to diagnose in some cases. We describe a rare clinical case of fibrous strand rupture in a dialysis patient, which was surgically treated. Preoperative echocardiography showed a mobile structure attached to the noncoronary cusp, and intraoperative findings revealed rupture of the fibrous strand in this cusp. If aortic regurgitation without obvious cause is noted in cases of abnormal mobile structures, fibrous strand rupture could be a differential diagnosis.
Introduction: The sacred and the urban in Asia
Authors: Goh Daniel PS , van der Veer Peter
Published: May 2016

The relationship between the sacred and the urban remains understudied. This special issue studies this relationship by focusing on urban religious aspirations in diverse globalizing Asian cities. The approach builds on the sacred geographies and sociology of secularization literatures. It is argued that religious practitioners respond to urbanization by inventing new conceptions of the urban to make sense of secularizing spaces. In turn, the secularizing spaces free up religious practitioners from the constraints of their traditions to innovate new practices to sacralize the urban spaces, in which the new conceptions of the urban play a crucial role. The direction and content of the innovations are driven by the aspirations of the religious practitioners with regard to the city and this provokes sacred politics challenging the state and capitalist market and aspirational contests to claim and control urban spaces vis-a-vis religious competitors, in which practitioners make use of state-market processes to do so.
Becoming a city Buddhist among the young generation in Seoul
Authors: Kim Hyun Mee
Published: May 2016

The quest for spirituality among young urban dwellers represents a novel and highly distinctive form of social reproduction in contemporary South Korea. As young people are forced by a hyper-competitive work environment, fragmenting family, and high youth unemployment, they strive to overcome the attendant feelings of stress and anxiety, turning to the anti-materialist values of Buddhism. Within this context, the emergence of Mahayana Buddhism’s ‘engaged Buddhism’ – as manifested in Jungto Society – provides an interesting case study to examine the ways in which the culture of healing is being popularized among the young city dwellers. Of particular appeal to this generation is Jungto Society’s combination of individualistic practice with social action, which also differentiates it from other Buddhist organizations. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews with young city dwellers who engage in Buddhist meditation and practices, this article aims to analyze how a young urban population strives to reconcile the knowledge and management of one’s heart, promoted by Buddhist religion, with the neoliberal ethos of self-improvement. This article argues that the fundamental Buddhist concepts generate a certain form of self-reflection among their practitioners that expands both their religious and civic minds.
Marking spaces as ‘sacred’: Infusing Singapore’s urban landscape with sacrality
Authors: Sinha Vineeta
Published: May 2016

This article looks beyond ‘places of worship’ as sacred spaces in an effort to discover/uncover other urban sites/spaces/locations where sacred indicators have been inserted and embedded. The author argues that tracking ‘signs of the sacred’ is a productive and inclusive mapping of urban religiosity, capturing ostensibly everyday secular spaces which are marked by sacrality and efficacy. These urban sites are ethnographically messy, colourful and energetic spaces, where city dwellers create urban worlds to express, experience and enact religiosity. They defy neat categorization and challenge such binaries as ‘private’/‘public’ and ‘legal’/‘illegal’ and ‘sacred’/‘profane’, to name just a few dichotomies. Instead, these sites ‘made sacred’ are ‘out of place’ and the disarray one encounters here is reminiscent of Mary Douglas’s notion of dirt as ‘matter out of place’. Their liminality signals their ambivalence and connotes them as dangerous and as spiritually charged.
Religious aspirations among urban Christians in contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Hoon Chang-Yau
Published: May 2016

Recognizing that the Christians in Indonesia are not a homogeneous group, this article examines the various contested spiritual, social, and political aspirations of urban Christians in the contexts of the historical trajectory of Indonesian modernity, forces of globalization and urbanization, the role of capital, and the development of Islam – the indispensable religious ‘Other’ to this minority religion in contemporary Indonesia. It sheds light on the ways in which this minority exercises agency in using political participation and social activism as a counterbalance to the growing Islamization of Indonesia, and how they strategically utilize their extensive economic, social, and political capital to navigate the treacherous waters of rising religious intolerance in the country where the world’s largest Muslim population resides.
The sacred in urban political protests in Hong Kong
Authors: Bosco Joseph
Published: May 2016

Political protests in Hong Kong have grown in number since 1997, when the territory returned to Chinese sovereignty. Such protests are generally viewed as secular, but many borrow the symbolism of religious rituals. They are not religious, but illustrate problems with the definition and concept of religion, which is essentially a folk concept. Protesters express strongly held values related to community values, to justice, and to the future of Hong Kong, so their symbols borrow from and overlap with religion. This article seeks to build on the critiques of the very concept of religion to better understand the protest marches and the Occupy Central activities in Hong Kong. Rather than seeing religion as a force of its own, it shows that symbols and rituals used and manipulated by protesters are part of general human behavior and not usefully segregated as ‘religious.’
Pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gomes Neto Mansueto , Martinez Bruno P , Reis Helena FC , Carvalho Vitor O
Published: May 2016

Objective:

To determine the effects of pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training on length of postoperative hospital stay and pulmonary function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Design and methods:

We conducted a systematic search using databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro and the Cochrane) to find controlled trials evaluating the effects of pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training.

Results:

Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four were about preoperative inspiratory muscle training (416 patients), three about postoperative inspiratory muscle training (115 patients) and one study about pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training (43 patients). Preoperative inspiratory muscle training resulted in improvement in: Reduction in length of postoperative hospital stay of −2 days (95% CI −3.4, −0.7, N = 302), inspiratory pressure of 16.7 cm H2O (95% CI 13.8, 19.5, N = 386), forced expiratory volume in one second of 3% predicted (95% CI 0.1, 6, N = 140), forced vital capacity of 4.6% predicted (95% CI 1.9, 7.4, N = 140). Patients that received preoperative training had an inspiratory muscle training reduced risk of postoperative pulmonary complications, (RR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8; P = 0.0004, N = 386). Postoperative inspiratory muscle training resulted in improvement in inspiratory pressure of 16.5 cm H2O (95% CI 4.9, 27.8, N = 115), and tidal volume of 185 ml (95% CI 19.7, 349.8, N = 85).

Conclusion:

Pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training showed to be a beneficial intervention in the treatment of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Excessive nest building is a unique behavioural phenotype in the deer mouse model of obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Wolmarans De Wet , Stein Dan J , Harvey Brian H
Published: May 2016

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a phenotypically heterogeneous condition characterised by time-consuming intrusive thoughts and/or compulsions. Irrespective of the symptom type diagnosed, the severity of OCD is characterised by heterogeneity in symptom presentation that complicates diagnosis and treatment. Heterogeneity of symptoms would be invaluable in an animal model. Nest building behaviour forms part of the normal behavioural repertoire of rodents and demonstrates profound between-species differences. However, it has been proposed that within-species differences in nest building behaviour (i.e. aberrant vs. normal nest building) may resemble obsessive–compulsive-like symptoms. In an attempt to investigate whether other obsessive–compulsive-like behaviours are present in an animal model of OCD, or if aberrant nest building behaviour may represent a unique obsessive–compulsive phenotype in such a model, the current study assessed nest building behaviour in high (H, viz. obsessive–compulsive) and non (N, viz. normal) stereotypical deer mice. Subsequently, 12 N and H animals, respectively, were provided with an excess of cotton wool daily for one week prior to and following four weeks of high-dose oral escitalopram treatment (50 mg/kg/day). Data from the current investigation demonstrate daily nesting activity to be highly variable in deer mice, with stereotypy and nest building being independent behaviours. However, we identified unique aberrant large nest building behaviour in 30% of animals from both cohorts that was attenuated by escitalopram to pre-treatment nesting scores of the larger group. In summary, behavioural and drug-treatment evidence confirms that deer mouse behaviour does indeed resemble symptom heterogeneity related to OCD, and as such expands its face and predictive validity for the disorder.
Cerebellar neurodegeneration in a new rat model of episodic hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: García-Lezana Teresa , Oria Marc , Romero-Giménez Jordi , Bové Jordi , Vila Miquel , Genescà Joan , Chavarria Laia , Cordoba Juan
Published: May 2016

Hepatic encephalopathy has traditionally been considered a reversible disorder. However, recent studies suggested that repeated episodes of hepatic encephalopathy cause persistent impairment leading to neuronal loss. The aims of our study were the development of a new animal model that reproduces the course of episodic hepatic encephalopathy and the identification of neurodegeneration evidences. Rats with portacaval anastomosis underwent simulated episodes of hepatic encephalopathy, triggered by the regular administration of ammonium acetate, and/or lipopolysaccharide. The neurological status was assessed and neuronal loss stereologically quantified in motor areas. During the simulated episodes, ammonia induced reversible motor impairment in portacaval anastomosis rats. In cerebellum, stereology showed a reduction in Purkinje cell population in portacaval anastomosis and PCA+NH3 groups and morphological changes. An increase in astrocyte size in PCA+NH3 group and activated microglia in groups treated with ammonium acetate and/or lipopolysaccharide was observed. A modulation of neurodegeneration-related genes and the presence of apoptosis in Bergmann glia were observed. This new animal model reproduces the clinical course of episodic hepatic encephalopathy when ammonia is the precipitant factor and demonstrates the existence of neuronal loss in cerebellum. The persistence of over-activated microglia and reactive astrocytes could participate in the apoptosis of Bergmann glia and therefore Purkinje cell degeneration.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Ki-67 Expression in Canine Gliomas
Authors: Fraser A. R. , Bacci B. , le Chevoir M. A. , Long S. N.
Published: May 2016

Novel therapies, including molecular targeted therapies, are being developed for the treatment of human gliomas. To use such therapies for canine gliomas, more complete characterization of molecular targets is required. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one such therapeutic target used in human glioma trials, and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) is a marker of proliferation and a prognostic indicator. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate the expression of EGFR and Ki-67 in canine gliomas and to determine if immunopositivity is associated with tumor type and histologic grade. Thirty-one formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine gliomas were evaluated for EGFR and Ki-67 expression by immunohistochemistry. EGFR immunopositivity was evaluated using a semi-quantitative score and the Ki-67 LI calculated based on the percentage of positive cells. EGFR and Ki-67 expression were identified in 16 of 31 (52%) and 28 of 31 (90%) tumors, respectively. EGFR expression was significantly greater in high-grade tumors compared with low-grade tumors ( P = .04) and was significantly greater in gliomatosis cerebri compared with oligodendroglioma ( P = .002), astrocytoma ( P = .01), and oligoastrocytoma ( P = .04). The Ki-67 LI was significantly greater in high-grade tumors compared with low grade tumors ( P = .02); the median Ki-67 LI was 2.3% (range, 0%–17.6%) for low-grade tumors and 9.3% (range, 1.7%–41.0%) for high-grade tumors. A significant moderate correlation was identified between EGFR immunopositivity and Ki-67 LI ( r = 0.47, P = .007). Overall, EGFR may be a suitable therapeutic target for some canine gliomas, particularly gliomatosis cerebri.
Canine Circovirus 1 (CaCV-1) and Canine Parvovirus 2 (CPV-2)
Authors: Thaiwong T. , Wise A. G. , Maes R. K. , Mullaney T. , Kiupel M.
Published: May 2016

Recurrent outbreaks of sudden death and bloody diarrhea were reported in March 2013 and February 2014 in a breeding colony of Papillon dogs. During the first outbreak, 1 adult dog and 2 eight-month-old puppies died. During the second outbreak, 2 ten-week-old puppies died. One puppy from the first outbreak and 2 puppies from the second outbreak were examined at necropsy. Histologically, all 3 puppies had severe segmental crypt necrosis of the small intestine and marked lymphoid follicle depletion in the spleen and Peyer’s patches. Real-time (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated abundant canine parvovirus (CPV-2) DNA (Ct<15) in the affected small intestine, and immunohistochemistry detected large amounts of CPV-2 antigen in intestinal crypt epithelium and Kupffer cells but few positive macrophages in lymphoid organs. All puppies had marked sinusoidal histiocytosis and multifocal granulomatous inflammation in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, prompting additional RT-PCR testing for canine circovirus 1 (CaCV-1). Very high levels of CaCV-1 DNA (Ct<13) were detected in small intestine, lymph nodes, and spleen. In situ hybridization for CaCV-1 detected rare positive nuclei of regenerating crypt epithelium but abundant amounts of CaCV-1 nucleic acid in the cytoplasm and nuclei of histiocytes in all lymphoid tissues, including granulomatous inflammatory foci and hepatic Kupffer cells. Significant levels of CaCV-1 DNA were detected in blood and serum (Ct as low as 13) but not feces from 3 surviving dogs at 2 months or 1 year after the outbreak, respectively. We hypothesize that CPV-2 infection predisposed dogs to CaCV-1 infection and ultimately resulted in more severe clinical disease.
Performance difficulties, activity limitations and participation restrictions of adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
Authors: O’Dea Áine , Connell Amanda
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as dyspraxia is a well-recognised childhood health condition. The two terms are used interchangeably. The profile of this condition in adolescence is less well known. This study examined the performance difficulties, activity limitations and participation restrictions experience of adolescents aged 16–19 years with developmental coordination disorder and identified what health services are required and/or accessed by these individuals.

Method

Secondary analysis of service need and use data were analysed for 141 adolescents with a diagnosis of dyspraxia registered on an Irish national database. The experience of disability was analysed for 40 individuals who completed the optional measure of activity and participation section, including the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II.

Results

Adolescents experience cognitive rather than physical impairments evolving from executive functioning and social skills. These impact on participation restrictions in academic, vocational, recreation and family life areas. Adolescents required access to the specific health services of occupational therapy and psychology. The health service needs of these adolescents were not adequately met.

Conclusion

Adolescents with developmental coordination disorder present with a complex array of difficulties that require specific health services. Future research needs to examine effective interventions, so that health service provision and policy can reflect the needs of these individuals.
Activation of dura-sensitive trigeminal neurons and increased c-Fos protein induced by morphine withdrawal in the rostral ventromedial medulla
Authors: Hitomi Suzuro , Kross Konrad , Kurose Masayuki , Porreca Frank , Meng Ian D
Published: May 2016

Aims

Overuse of medications used to treat migraine headache can increase the frequency of headaches. Sudden abstinence from migraine medication can also lead to a period of withdrawal-induced headaches. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of morphine withdrawal localized to the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) on the activity of dura-sensitive spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) neurons.

Methods

Rats were implanted with either morphine or placebo pellets for six to seven days before the microinjection of naloxone methiodide or phosphate-buffered saline into the RVM in urethane-anesthetized animals. Dura-sensitive neurons were recorded in the Vc and the production of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity was quantified.

Results

In chronic morphine-treated animals, naloxone methiodide microinjections produced a significant increase both in ongoing and facial heat-evoked activity and an increase in Fos-positive neurons in the Vc and in the nucleus reticularis dorsalis, a brainstem region involved in diffuse noxious inhibitory controls.

Conclusions

These results indicate that activation of pronociceptive neurons in the RVM under conditions of morphine withdrawal can increase the activity of neurons that transmit headache pain. Modulation of the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis by the RVM may explain the attenuation of conditioned pain modulation in patients with chronic headache.
Family Authority, Violence against Parents, and Parricide in Russia, 1600–1800
Authors: Muravyeva Marianna
Published: May 2016

The abuse of parents is regarded to be an increasing problem in contemporary society. It is often seen as a new phenomenon marking the dysfunctional nature of the modern family. This article provides arguments to the contrary, focusing on the analysis of the abuse of parents and parricide in early modern Russia, where the concept of the patriarchal and traditional family served as a basis for the prosecution of any disrespect to parental authority. This article offers an in-depth analysis of the normative concepts of family relationships, the criminal prosecution of parricide, and the abuse of parents based on an examination of court records. This article highlights the major developments in the construction of parricides within normative legal, social, and political discourses to argue that parricide challenged the established patriarchal hierarchy; the authorities thus normalized it through normative gender-appropriate behavior, constructing responses to male and female behavior based on the common understanding of their respective abilities and limitations in respect to violence.
Delayed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Young Patients With Previous Anterior Tibial Spine Fractures
Authors: Mitchell Justin J. , Mayo Meredith H. , Axibal Derek P. , Kasch Anthony R. , Fader Ryan R. , Chadayammuri Vivek , Terhune E. Bailey , Georgopoulos Gaia , Rhodes Jason T. , Vidal Armando F.
Published: May 2016

Background:

Avulsion fractures of the anterior tibial spine in young athletes are injuries similar to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in adults. Sparse data exist on the association between anterior tibial spine fractures (ATSFs) and later ligamentous laxity or injuries leading to ACL reconstruction.

Purpose:

To better delineate the incidence of delayed instability or ACL ruptures requiring delayed ACL reconstruction in young patients with prior fractures of the tibial eminence.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We identified 101 patients between January 1993 and January 2012 who sustained an ATSF and who met inclusion criteria for this study. All patients had been followed for at least 2 years after the initial injury and were included for analysis after completion of a questionnaire via direct contact, mail, and/or telephone. If patients underwent further surgical intervention and/or underwent later ACL reconstruction, clinical records and operative reports pertaining to these secondary interventions were obtained and reviewed. Differences between categorical variables were assessed using the Fisher exact test. The association between time to revision ACL surgery and fracture type was assessed by Kaplan-Meier plots. The association between need for revision ACL surgery and age, sex, and mechanism of surgery was assessed using logistic regression.

Results:

Nineteen percent of all patients evaluated underwent delayed ACL reconstruction after a previous tibial spine fracture on the ipsilateral side. While there were a higher proportion of ACL reconstructions in type II fractures, there was not a statistically significant difference in the number of patients within each fracture group who went on to undergo later surgery ( P = .29). Further, there was not a significant association between fracture type, sex, or mechanism of injury as it related to the progression to later ACL reconstruction. However, there was a significant association between age at the time of injury and progression to later ACL reconstruction ( P = .02). For every year increase in age at the time of injury, the odds of going on to undergo delayed ACL reconstruction were greater by a factor of 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1-1.6).

Conclusion:

Although an ATSF is a relatively rare injury, our cohort of patients suggests that a subset of young patients with all types of tibial spine fractures will require later ACL reconstruction. There is a need to counsel patients that a delayed ACL rupture is a potential risk after an ATSF, especially as children approach skeletal maturity. Further patient follow-up and prospective studies are required.
Safety of implanting sustained-release 5-fluorouracil into hepatic cross-section and omentum majus after primary liver cancer resection
Authors: Chen Jiangtao , Zhang Junjie , Wang Chenyu , Yao Kunhou , Hua Long , Zhang Liping , Ren Xuequn
Published: May 2016

This study was designed to evaluate the short-term safety of implanting sustained-release 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) into hepatic cross-section and omentum majus after primary liver cancer resection and its impact on related indexes of liver. Forty patients were selected and divided into an implantation group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). On the first day after admission, first week after surgery, and first month after surgery, fasting venous blood was extracted from patients for measuring hematological indexes. The reduction rate of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) on the first week and first month after surgery was calculated, and moreover, drainage volume of the abdominal cavity drainage tube, length of stay after surgery, and wound healing condition were recorded. We found that levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total bilirubin, albumin, and white blood cells measured on the first week and first month after surgery, length of stay, and wound healing of patients in the two groups had no significant difference ( P >0.05). Drainage volume and reduction rate of AFP of two groups were significantly different on the first week and first month after surgery ( P <0.05). Implanting sustained-release 5-FU into hepatic cross-section and omentum majus after primary liver cancer resection is proved to be safe as it has little impact on related indexes.
On Working With Opaque Silence in Group Psychotherapy
Authors: Wood David
Published: May 2016

This article explores the phenomenon of what I have termed opaque silence in groups—silence which is particularly impenetrable. It is argued that this silence has its origins in traumatic experience and the manifestation in the unconscious life of the group of the basic assumption (ba): Incohesion: Aggregation/Massification as described by Hopper (1997; 2003; 2012). A description of the phenomena associated with opaque silence is given, and their relationship to Hopper’s theory. A clinical vignette is provided that demonstrates the manifestation of opaque silence in a group of adolescent patients and how the author managed it. This is followed by a discussion of the application of the theory to clinical technique.
Influence of steam explosion pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of vinegar residue
Authors: Feng Jiayu , Zhang Jiyu , Zhang Jiafu , He Yanfeng , Zhang Ruihong , Liu Guangqing , Chen Chang
Published: May 2016

Vinegar residue is the by-product in the vinegar production process. The large amount of vinegar residue has caused a serious environmental problem owing to its acidity and corrosiveness. Anaerobic digestion is an effective way to convert agricultural waste into bioenergy, and a previous study showed that vinegar residue could be treated by anaerobic digestion but still had room to improve digestion efﬁciency. In this study, steam explosion at pressure of 0.8, 1.2, and 1.5 MPa and residence time of 5, 10, 15, and 20 min were used to pretreat vinegar residue to improve methane production, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were applied to validate structural changes of vinegar residue after steam explosion. Results showed that steam explosion pretreatment could destroy the structure of lignocellulose by removing the hemicellulose and lignin, and improve the methane yield effectively. Steam explosion-treated vinegar residue at 0.8 MPa for 5 min produced the highest methane yield of 153.58 mL gVS-1, which was 27.65% (significant, α < 0.05) more than untreated vinegar residue (120.31 mL gVS-1). The analyses of pH, total ammonia-nitrogen, total alkalinity, and volatile fatty acids showed that steam explosion did not influence the stability of anaerobic digestion. This study suggested that steam explosion pretreatment on vinegar residue might be a promising approach and it is worth further study to improve the efficiency of vinegar residue waste utilisation.
Ecological Factors Affecting Access to General Education Content and Contexts for Students With Significant Disabilities
Authors: Ruppar Andrea L. , Allcock Heather , Gonsier-Gerdin Jean
Published: May 2016

In this review, we applied Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory to examine factors that support or restrict access to the general curriculum for students with significant disabilities. We organize the literature in relationship to factors within the micro-, meso-, macro-, exo-, and chronosystems that influence decisions about access to the general curriculum for individual students. We discuss these factors in relationship to placement, instructional contexts, and instructional content. Implications for research and practice are provided.
Interruption performance design of variable freedom mechanism triggered by electro-mechanical-magnetic coupling
Authors: Xu Jinghua , Zhang Shuyou , Tan Jianrong , Hongsheng Sheng
Published: May 2016

Coupling mechanism plays an important role in transmitting, motivating and actuating mechanical functions. However, it is difficult to obtain the transient dynamics performance of mechanism with variable degree of freedom precisely. Therefore, an interruption performance design method of variable freedom mechanism triggered by electro-magneto-thermo coupling is put forward. The Euler-Lagrange partial differential equations of variable freedom mechanism are built using generalized coordinates. Degree of freedom reduction rules are proposed to merge transformation or rotation constraints and obtain the total degrees of freedom of variable freedom mechanism at each transient status. Bivariate interpolating is employed to determine the electro-mechanical-magnetic coupled Lorentz force. Dynamics performance is simulated by iteration of linear algebraic equations using implicit predictor-corrector integration method. The design parameters such as stiffness and pre-tightening force of trigger spring, permissible dimension deviations and hole-shaft fit tolerance are determined and improved using the sensitivity analysis of simulation results. The pneumatic mechanical endurance and thermal infrared temperature rise experiments are accomplished to determine the infrared radiation energy distribution and transient working status of components. It gives an auxiliary thermo-visual approach for transient performance design of coupling mechanism.
Slab analysis based on stream function method in chamfer edge rolling of ultra-heavy plate
Authors: Ding JG , Wang HY , Zhang DH , Zhao DW
Published: May 2016

In this paper, three-dimensional velocity field is proposed by means of stream function method with bisecting yield criterion in chamfer edge rolling of ultra-heavy plate. Parabolic dog-bone shape function is derived so as to obtain velocity field with fixed angle of chamfer edge by stream function method, dog-bone shape coefficient η can be derived from volume invariant condition, and then the plastic deformation power, shear power as well as friction power are obtained respectively with the bisecting yield criterion. Summing up the power contributions, total power functional is presented, from which minimum value can be obtained by searching method, and vertical rolling force and torque are also finally obtained. The predictions of roll force and torque are compared with different angles of chamfer edge as well as different plate thicknesses. The results are shown to be in a very good agreement with the analytical and experimental results.
Impact of intraprosthetic drilling on the strength of the femoral stem in periprosthetic fractures: A finite element investigation
Authors: Brand Stephan , Bauer Michael , Petri Maximilian , Schrader Julian , Maier Hans J , Krettek Christian , Hassel Thomas
Published: May 2016

Treatment of periprosthetic femur fractures after total hip arthroplasty remains a major challenge in orthopedic surgery. Recently, a novel surgical technique using intraprosthetic screw fixation has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of drilling the femoral hip stem on integrity and strength of the implant. The hypothesis was that intraprosthetic drilling and screw fixation would not cause the load limit of the prosthesis to be exceeded and that deformation would remain within the elastic limit. A sawbone model with a conventional straight hip stem was used and a Vancouver C periprosthetic fracture was created. The fracture was fixed with a nine-hole less invasive stabilization system plate with two screws drilled and inserted through the femoral hip stem. Three different finite element models were created using ANSYS software. The models increased in complexity including joint forces and stress risers from three different dimensions. A variation of drilling positions was analyzed. Due to the complexity of the physiological conditions in the human femur, the most complex finite element model provided the most realistic results. Overall, significant changes in the stresses to the prosthesis caused by the drilling procedure were observed. While the stresses at the site of the bore hole decreased, the load increased in the surrounding stem material. This effect is more pronounced and further the holes were apart, and it was found that increasing the number of holes could counteract this. The maximum load was still found to be in the area of the prosthesis neck. No stresses above the load limit of titanium alloy were detected. All deformations of the prosthesis stem remained in the elastic range. These results may indicate a potential role for intraprosthetic screw fixation in the future treatment of periprosthetic femur fractures.
Health-related quality of life and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in sexually experienced female inner-city students: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Sri Trisha , Southgate Eleanor , Kerry Sarah R , Nightingale Claire , Oakeshott Pippa
Published: May 2016

This cross-sectional study was undertaken to compare health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) in women with and without undiagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis infection. We analysed data from 2401 multi-ethnic sexually active female students aged 16–27 years who were recruited to a randomised controlled trial of chlamydia screening – the prevention of pelvic infection trial in 2004–2006. At recruitment, all participants were asked to provide self-taken vaginal swabs for chlamydia testing and to complete a sexual health questionnaire including quality of life (EQ-5D). Most women (69%) had an EQ-5D of one representing ‘perfect health’ in the five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. We therefore compared the proportion of women with an EQ-5D score < 1 implying ‘less than perfect health’ in women with and without chlamydia infection, and women with symptomatic chlamydia versus the remainder. The proportion of women with EQ-5D score < 1 was similar in women with and without undiagnosed chlamydia: 34% (47/138) versus 31% (697/2263; RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.41). However, more women with symptomatic chlamydia had EQ-5D score < 1 than the remainder: 45% (25/55) versus 31% (714/2319; RR 1.47, CI 1.10 to 1.98). In this community-based study, EQ-5D scores were similar in women with and without undiagnosed chlamydia. However, a higher proportion of women with symptomatic chlamydia infection had ‘less than perfect health’. Undiagnosed chlamydia infection may not have a major short-term effect on health-related quality of life, but EQ-5D may not be the best tool to measure it in this group.