bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct attitudes of professionals from different medical specialties toward autonomy and legal instruments in the assessment of patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pioltini Ana Beatriz Maringolo , Mendes-Chiloff Cristiane Lara , Schelp Arthur Oscar , Marcolino Everson da Silva
Published: July 2016

Abstract The evaluation of competence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients to assume personal or collective responsibilities and the resulting legal implications is a relevant issue. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of different medical specialists towards the disability of patients with Alzheimer's disease and practitioners' competence to interfere with decision-making autonomy. Methods: Professionals from different areas (Neurology, Psychiatry, Geriatrics, and General Practice) were interviewed by one of the authors, after being presented a fictitious clinical case which raised several topics, namely: [1] Critical judgment and capacity of the patient to take decisions related to daily activities; [2] The role of family physicians in nominating trustees and caregivers. Results: Answers to the first question did not differ regarding degree of preservation of awareness but at least 25% stressed that the patient must be carefully listened to, independent of caregiver or legal representative opinion. There were significant knowledge gaps in responses to the second question. Half of the physicians interviewed did not have adequate information about the legal aspects of caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions: Legal aspects is a topic that must be incorporated into professional training in order to improve attitudes toward the long-term management of patients with dementia.
Parkinson's disease: Impact of clinical and cognitive aspects on quality of life
Authors: Tedrus Glória Maria Almeida Souza , Fonseca Lineu Correa , Kange Patrícia Mencaroni
Published: July 2016

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic disease manifested principally by motor signs and symptoms, but with frequent neuropsychological alterations. Objectives: To study the relationship between clinical and cognitive aspects and the perception of quality of life (QOL) in PD patients. Methods: Twenty consecutive patients (13 men) with idiopathic PD (mean age: 64.5y), mean disease time of 7.8 years and at stages 1-3 according to the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (HYS), all outpatients from the Neurology Department of the Celso Pierro General and Maternity Hospital (PUC-Campinas), were analyzed. The following were applied: a clinical-neurological assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), standard neuropsychological battery of the CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and a QOL questionnaire (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire - PDQ-39). Statistical analysis was carried out at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: On the PDQ-39 under the sections total, mobility and activities of daily living, and the items motor compromise (HYS) and language of the MMSE were predictors of worse QOL. Verbal fluency was a factor for emotional well-being on the PDQ-39, whereas higher scores for HAM-D and worse performance on the item attention and calculation of the MMSE were associated with worse QOL in the social support section. Total score on the MMSE and educational level were QOL factors in cognition Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that clinical, cognitive, motor or other depression-related factors contribute differently to the domains of QOL.
Illiteracy and dementia
Authors: Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: July 2016

Abstract There is a current concept that illiteracy and lower educational levels are risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. Our aims were to review the association between illiteracy and dementia; and to describe some results on neuropsychological findings in illiteracy. A literature search of the PubMed database was performed. The search terms were "dementia", "illiteracy", "neuropsychological evaluation", "educational levels", and "education". Only papers published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were reviewed. Illiteracy is an incontestable risk factor for dementia. It influences performance on almost cognitive tests. Many other factors could be connected to the high prevalence of dementia among illiterates: low cognitive reserve, poor control of cerebrovascular disease risk factors, difficulties in cognitive evaluation, and poor adaptation of neuropsychological tests for this specific population. Functional tests must be coupled with cognitive tests to ameliorate diagnostic accuracy.
A prospective study on the use of rivastigmine transdermal patch in Alzheimer's dementia in a routine clinical setting
Authors: Nazir Ejaz , Mushtaq Muhammad
Published: July 2016

Abstract There is not much published literature on the use of rivastigmine patch in a "routine" clinical setting. Objectives: In this naturalistic longitudinal observational study we sought to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of the rivastigmine patch in patients with early and late onset moderate Alzheimer's disease in a routine clinical setting. Methods: Out of all routine clinical referrals, the first 30 patients with diagnosis of moderate Alzheimer's dementia who were started on rivastigmine patch were included in the study. Rivastigmine patch dose was titrated from 4.6 to 9.5 mg/ 24 hours as appropriate. The primary outcome measure was safety and tolerability, measured by the incidence of adverse events and discontinuation due to any reason. The secondary outcome measure was to examine improvement on global, functional and behavioral domains as demonstrated by the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) score, BADLS (Bristol Activities of Daily Living Skills) score, patient and carer feedback and clinical judgment. Results: Adverse events were reported in 20% of patients and 10% of total patients needed discontinuation of treatment. Improvement on global, functional and behavioral domains was observed in two thirds of patients whereas one third showed a relative decline. The most common side effect was skin irritation or erythema. Conclusions: The rivastigmine transdermal patch may provide a treatment option for those patients who require a change in their current oral cholinesterase inhibitor therapy due to safety or tolerability concerns.
Air traffic control activity increases attention capacity in air traffic controllers
Authors: Ribas Valdenilson Ribeiro , Martins Hugo André de Lima , Amorim Gutemberg Guerra , Ribas Renata de Melo Guerra , Almeida Cláudia Ângela Vilela de , Ribas Valéria Ribeiro , Vasconcelos Carlos Augusto Carvalho de , Lima Murilo Duarte Costa , Sougey Everton Botelho , Castro Raul Manhães de
Published: July 2016

Abstract Air traffic controllers simultaneously develop complex and multiple tasks in the course of their activities. In this context, concern is raised over the high level of attention needed by these professionals which can ultimately be affected by stress and fatigue. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess attention level in air traffic controllers (ATCo). Methods: 45 flight protection professionals were evaluated, comprising 30 ATCo, subdivided into ATCo with ten or more years in the profession (ATCo³10, n=15) and ATCo with less than ten years in the profession (ATCo <10, n=15) and 15 aeronautical information services operators (AIS), subdivided into AIS with ten years or more in the profession (AIS³10, n=8) and AIS with less than ten years in the profession (AIS <10, n=7), who were included as the control group. The digit symbol, d2 (the individual marks the letter d on a specific form containing 14 lines with 47 letters in each, maintaining focus on letter d followed by two dashes), forward digit span, backward digit span and PASAT (paced auditory serial addition test) attention tests were used. Kruskal-Wallis was used and data expressed as Median (Minimum and Maximum) with p<0.05. Results: The ATCo³10 presented greater focus of attention, sustained attention, mental manipulation and resistance to interference capacity compared to the AIS³10. Comparison of ATCo³10 to the AIS<10 showed they presented only greater resistance to interference, and when compared to the ATCo<10 presented lower focus. Conclusions: The air traffic control activity after ten years may be associated with a high level of attention.
Preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Prevention or prediction?
Authors: Nitrini Ricardo
Published: July 2016

Abstract The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for cases with dementia may be too late to allow effective treatment. Criteria for diagnosis of preclinical AD suggested by the Alzheimer's Association include the use of molecular and structural biomarkers. Preclinical diagnosis will enable testing of new drugs and forms of treatment toward achieving successful preventive treatment. But what are the advantages for the individual? To know that someone who is cognitively normal is probably going to develop AD's dementia when there is no effective preventive treatment is definitely not good news. A research method whereby volunteers are assigned to receive treatment or placebo without knowing whether they are in the control or at-risk arm of a trial would overcome this potential problem. If these new criteria are used wisely they may represent a relevant milestone in the search for a definitive treatment for AD.
Musical training, neuroplasticity and cognition
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Carolina , Loureiro Maurício Alves , Caramelli Paulo
Published: July 2016

Abstract The influence of music on the human brain has been recently investigated in numerous studies. Several investigations have shown that structural and functional cerebral neuroplastic processes emerge as a result of long-term musical training, which in turn may produce cognitive differences between musicians and non-musicians. Musicians can be considered ideal cases for studies on brain adaptation, due to their unique and intensive training experiences. This article presents a review of recent findings showing positive effects of musical training on non-musical cognitive abilities, which probably reflect plastic changes in brains of musicians.
Cerebrocerebellar system and Arnold's bundle: A tractographic study: preliminary results
Authors: Engelhardt Eliasz , Moreira Denise Madeira , Laks Jerson
Published: July 2016

Abstract The cerebellum, traditionally considered a structure involved in balance and movement control, was more recently recognized as important in cognitive, emotional and behavioral functions. These functions appear to be related to the more recent parts of the cerebellum that belong to the cerebrocerebellar system. One of the key segments of this system is the (pre)fronto-[penduncule]-pontine projection that represents the Arnold's bundle. Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography (DTI-TR) has permitted in vivo virtual dissection of white matter tracts, including those of the cerebellar. Objective: To study the fronto-[peduncule]-pontine projection (Arnold's bundle), with DTI-TR. Methods: Ten normal subjects were included (mean age 30 years). Standard acquisitions in three planes were obtained with a 1.5T GE Signa Horizon scanner, complemented with DTI acquisitions. Post-processing and analysis was performed using an ADW 4.3 workstation running Functool 4.5.3 (GE Medical Systems). A single ROI was placed on the medial third of the cerebral peduncle base, considered the site of convergence of the fibers of Arnold's bundle, bilaterally. Results: Twenty tractograms were obtained. All were constituted by a significant number of fibers in correspondence to the frontal lobe, and part of them anterior to the coronal plane at the anterior commissure, which characterizes them as associated to the prefrontal region. Conclusions: For the first time, frontal lobe related projections were systematically revealed with DTI-TR seeded from cerebral peduncle base ROIs. They showed anatomic coherence with Arnold's bundle, which includes the prefrontopontine segment of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar path, one of the components of the cerebrocerebellar system, acknowledged as fundamental for non-motor functions such as cognition, emotion and behavior.
Rehabilitation in semantic dementia: Study of the effectiveness of lexical reacquisition in three patients
Authors: Senaha Mirna Lie Hosogi , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Nitrini Ricardo
Published: July 2016

Abstract Although language rehabilitation in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is recommended, rehabilitation studies in this clinical syndrome are scarce. Specifically, in relation to semantic dementia (SD), few studies have shown the possibility of lexical relearning. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of rehabilitation for lexical reacquisition in SD. Methods: Three SD patients were submitted to training for lexical reacquisition based on principles of errorless learning. Comparisons between naming performance of treated items (pre and post-training) and non-treated items of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) were made. Results: All patients improved their performance in naming treated words after intervention. However, decline in performance in naming of non-treated items was observed. Case 1 named zero items at baseline while her performance post-training was 29.4% correct responses without cueing, and 90.7% correct with and without cueing. Case 2 named 6.9% of items correctly at baseline and his performance in post-training was 52.9% without cueing and 87.3%, with and without cueing. Case 3 named zero items at baseline and his performance in post-training was 100% correct responses without cueing. Considering the performance in naming the non-treated items of the BNT, the percentages of correct responses in the first evaluation and in the re-evaluation, respectively were: 16.7% and 8.3% (case 1; 14 month-interval); 26.7% and 11.6% (case 2; 18 month-interval) and 11.6% and 8.3% (case 3; 6 month-interval). Conclusions: The reacquisition of lost vocabulary may be possible in SD despite progressive semantic deterioration.
The interpretation of proverbs by elderly with high, medium and low educational level: Abstract reasoning as an aspect of executive functions
Authors: Wachholz Thalita Bianchi de Oliveira , Yassuda Mônica Sanches
Published: July 2016

Abstract It is now known that cognitive functions tend to decline with age. Executive functions (EF) are among the first abilities to decline with aging. A subcomponent of the EF is abstract reasoning. The Test of Proverbs is an instrument that can be used to evaluate the capacity of abstract reasoning. Objective: To examine the association of performance in interpretation of proverbs, with education and with episodic memory and EF tasks. Methods: A total of 67 individuals aged between 60 and 75 years were evaluated, and divided into three categories of education: 1-4 years, 5-8 years, and 9 or more years of schooling. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire (gender, age, marital status, education, income, previous occupation, current occupation and health perception), the Mini Mental State Examination, Brief Cognitive Screening Battery; Geriatric Depression Scale; Forward and Backward Digit Span (WAIS-III), and the Test of Proverbs. Results: A high impact of education was seen on the interpretation of proverbs, with lower performance among the elderly with less education. A significant association between performance on the Test of Proverbs and scores on the MMSE, GDS, and verbal fluency tests was found. There was a modest association with incidental memory. Conclusions: The capacity to interpret proverbs is strongly associated with education and with performance on other EF tasks.
Archiving South African digital research data: How ready are we?
Authors: Koopman Margaret M. , De Jager Karin
Published: July 2016

Digital data archiving and research data management have become increasingly important for institutions in South Africa, particularly after the announcement by the National Research Foundation, one of the principal South African academic research funders, recommending these actions for the research that they fund. A case study undertaken during the latter half of 2014, among the biological sciences researchers at a South African university, explored the state of data management and archiving at this institution and the readiness of researchers to engage with sharing their digital research data through repositories. It was found that while some researchers were already engaged with digital data archiving in repositories, neither researchers nor the university had implemented systematic research data management.
Anaerobic digestion of donkey dung for biogas production
Authors: Mukumba Patrick , Makaka Golden , Mamphweli Sampson
Published: July 2016

Biogas can provide a solution to some of South Africa’s energy needs, especially in rural areas of Eastern Cape Province that have plentiful biogas substrates from donkeys, goats, sheep, cattle and chicken. We investigated the effectiveness of donkey dung for biogas production using a designed and constructed cylindrical field batch biogas digester. The donkey dung was collected from the University of Fort Hare’s Honeydale Farm and was analysed for total solids, volatile solids, total alkalinity, calorific value, pH, chemical oxygen demand and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N). The biogas composition was analysed using a gas analyser. We found that donkey dung produced biogas with an average methane yield of 55% without co-digesting it with other wastes. The results show that donkey dung is an effective substrate for biogas production.
The genetic variation in pulmonate mollusk (Arianta arbustorum L.) in Leningrad Region
Authors: Bondareva Olga V , Orlova Marina I , Abramson Natalja I
Published: July 2016

Background. One of the most mysterious phenomenon related to biological invasions is the so-called “genetic paradox”. It is supposed that invasive species population starts from a small number of individuals and thus should possess low genetic variation, and then what mechanisms provide it successive distribution instead of lower survivorship in front of native species is not clear. It has been shown that there are several scenarios of invasion that may help to overcome this paradox. Here, we investigate genetic variation within and between the invasive populations of land snail in Leningrad region aimed to test the various probable invasion scenarios. Materials and methods. Samples were collected in Leningrad region in May-October 2014 at both shores of the Gulf of Finland with maximal distance between the sites in 80 km and stored in 96% ethanol. As a molecular marker to study genetic variation a sequence of DNA fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 was used. Results. We revealed abnormally low haplotype and nucleotide diversity in the snail populations under study. Therewith four haplotypes uncovered among 47 specimens from the territory of approximately 100 km2 were unique for Leningrad area. Phylogenetic analysis showed one sample from Denmark in the same cluster with samples from Leningrad region. This indirectly point on colonization route from Central Europe through Denmark, but this assumption should be confirmed by enlarge sampling. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest the ‘bridgehead’ model of the land snail invasion in Leningrad region. In favor of this evidence that all haplotypes recovered in Leningrad area were unique, differing from the closest haplotype from Denmark by several mutations. This fact together with extremely low haplotype and nucleotide diversity most likely points that snails first accumulated at a small territory during a rather long period. Neutrality test are in accordance with balancing selection.
DNA damage in placenta and embryos of rats exposed to peat smoke; antigenotoxic effects of afobazole
Authors: Gorbatova Dinara M , Zhanataev Aliy K , Nemova Helena P , Durnev Andrey D
Published: July 2016

Background. It was shown that prenatal exposure to peat smoke leads to disturbances of fetal and postnatal development in rats. Genotoxic mechanisms may be involved to these deleterious effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the DNA damage and its modification by known antimutagen afobazole in placenta and embryo of rats, exposed to peat smoke. Materials and methods. Pregnant rats were exposed to filtered air (control), to peat smoke or to peat smoke with receiving of afobazole (1 or 10 mg/kg, per os) for 44 min, daily during days 1 to 13 of gestation. At the day 13 four placenta and embryo samples from each rat were obtained for DNA damage analysis using the alkaline comet assay. Results. A significant, 4-5 folds increase in the DNA damage values (% DNA in tail) was found in placenta and embryos of rats exposed to peat smoke. Genotoxic effects were generally more pronounced in placenta. Exposure to peat smoke together with receiving of afobazole at the doses 1 and 10 mg/kg showed a significant, 53-60 % decrease in the mean % DNA in tail values in both placenta and embryos. Clear inter and intra-individual differences in genotoxic as well as in antigenotoxic effects were observed. For the some placenta or embryo samples were seen reducing of DNA damage to the control level. Conclusion. Exposure of pregnant rats to peat smoke causes DNA damage in placenta and embryos. This smoke-induced genotoxicity might be decreased or prevented by antimutagenic agents.
EFFECT OF AMINOTHIOL ANTIHyPOXANTS ON INTERHEMISPHERIC ASyMMETRy OF THE bRAIN
Authors: Mihkeev Vladimir Vladimirovich , Marysheva Vera Vasilievna , Bogomolov Boris Nikolaevich , Zhukova-Williams Lubov Vladislavovna
Published: July 2016

The effect of aminothiol antihipoxants amthizol and its analogue VM-606 on the resistance of the SHR mice males to an acute hypoxia with hypercapnia under conditions of isolated functioning of one of the hemispheres of the brain was studied. Antihypoxic agent amthizol 25 mg/kg increases life time of naïve mice by 46.2%. The drug acted on the sham-operated mice more slightly, increasing of their life only on 28.1% (p<0.01). Administration of amthizol under conditions of functioning of the right hemisphere significantly enhanced (+64.8%) the life time of mice. No antihypoxic effect was registered after administration of amthizol to mice with active left hemisphere: the result was the same as in mice without amthizol. Therefore, antihypoxic effect of amthizol was due to its action on the right (but not the left) hemisphere of the brain. VM-606 possessed more antihypoxic activity in comparison with amthizol. After unilateral cortical inactivation, VM-606 increased life time of mice both in active right and active left hemispheres, but in more degree in active right hemisphere. Thus, interhemispheric differences in resistance of mice to hypoxia with hypercapnia were diminished. Therefore, the differences between amthizol and VM-606 are the followings: amthizol inverts interhemispheric relations in hypoxia whereas VM-606 diminishes them.
The Power of Legal and Historical Fiction(s): The Daniels Decision and the Enduring Influence of Colonial Ideology
Authors: Macdougall Brenda
Published: July 2016

It’s been several months since the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) rendered its judgment in Daniels v. Canada (2016), affirming that the term “Indian” in s. 91(24) of the Constitution Act (1867) includes Métis and Non-Status Indians. There is a general hope that the decision marks a turning point for Métis and Non-Status Indians within Canada’s colonial structures. I’m not certain this optimism is justified. The judgment was reached based on the types of historical evidence presented and, consequently, there are a couple of statements within the written judgment that give me pause to question how the evidence regarding the histories of Métis and Non-Status Indians were presented to, and then interpreted by, the justices. Bearing in mind that the crux of the case rested on the linguistic meaning and evolution of the term “Indian” in Canadian society through law and policy, evidence was introduced about how the term was used at various points in the past, as well as the context of that usage in order to demonstrate the evolution of a Canadian legal and historical fiction that increasingly restricted the idea of what an Indian was. What the SCC did with the Daniels Decision is reverse that restrictive trend for Indians while constructing new problems.
Clinical Effect of Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Compared to Lateral Fabellar Suture in Dogs
Authors: Gordon-Evans Wanda J
Published: July 2016

Objective: This manuscript used evidence based statistical methods that estimate clinical treatment effect rather than whether groups were statistically different.

Background: The previously published blinded, randomised, controlled clinical trial comparing lateral fabellar suture (LFS) and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) was reported with a traditional analysis comparing groups. Although this was a well-designed study, evidence based statistical methods that estimate treatment effect would be helpful to the practitioner.

Methods: The effect size and number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated for the outcome measures with significant differences between groups using the data from a previously published randomised controlled clinical trial comparing TPLO and LFS in dogs with cruciate rupture.  

Results: The effect size of the peak vertical force (PVF) at a trot, 1 year after TPLO over LFS, was moderate to high (0.71) with a NNT of 6. The NNT for satisfaction was 7.

Conclusion/Application: Based on this study, the effect size and NNTs are such that the clinical difference warrants recommending the TPLO over the LFS in large and giant breed dogs.

 
 
Low Carbon Urban Transitioning in Shenzhen: A Multi-Level Environmental Governance Perspective
Authors: Wu Zhanglan , Tang Jie , Wang Dong
Published: July 2016

As the world’s second largest economy, China ranks amount the world’s top nations when it comes to carbon emission, and therefore its attitude towards climate change is closely followed by all parties concerned. There have been few researches on the role of environmental governance in low-carbon city transformation process, especially the Chinese one. This paper analyses the role of government environmental regulation played in the low-carbon city transformation process by taking Shenzhen as the research object. One of the world's youngest super cities, it also happens to be the lowest carbon emission intensity city in China. Striving to explore green low-carbon development path for the whole country, Shenzhen provides practical experience for countries to cope with global climate change. However, its efforts to reduce the total carbon emissions failed, but it emphasized the carbon emission intensity, which is consistent with the international commitments made by the central government. China’s policy towards handling climate change relies on hierarchical governance arrangement. The strength of the NGOs in the country is weak and incomparable with the government’s, which has mastered most of the resources and is just a reality in China.
Comparison of random forests and other statistical methods for the prediction of lake water level: a case study of the Poyang Lake in China
Authors: Li Bing , Yang Guishan , Wan Rongrong , Dai Xue , Zhang Yanhui
Published: July 2016

Modeling of hydrological time series is essential for sustainable development and management of lake water resources. This study aims to develop an efficient model for forecasting lake water level variations, exemplified by the Poyang Lake (China) case study. A random forests (RF) model was first applied and compared with artificial neural networks, support vector regression, and a linear model. Three scenarios were adopted to investigate the effect of time lag and previous water levels as model inputs for real-time forecasting. Variable importance was then analyzed to evaluate the influence of each predictor for water level variations. Results indicated that the RF model exhibits the best performance for daily forecasting in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). Moreover, the highest accuracy was achieved using discharge series at 4-day-ahead and the average water level over the previous week as model inputs, with an average RMSE of 0.25 m for five stations within the lake. In addition, the previous water level was the most efficient predictor for water level forecasting, followed by discharge from the Yangtze River. Based on the performance of the soft computing methods, RF can be calibrated to provide information or simulation scenarios for water management and decision-making.
Inactivation of particle-associated Escherichia coli with chlorine dioxide
Authors: Lin Tao , Hou Bingwei , Wang Zhe , Chen Wei
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the inactivation of both free Escherichia coli (FE) and particle-associated E. coli (PAE) with chlorine dioxide (ClO2) were investigated using granular activated carbon effluent water samples. The inactivation rate of FE was higher than that of PAE and the reactivation ratio of PAE was higher than that of FE, indicating the threat of particle-associated bacteria. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the factors influencing the disinfection efficiency of ClO2 in inactivating PAE. The experimental results indicated that particle concentration was a principal factor influencing the PAE inactivation efficiency, presenting a negative correlation, while exposure time and ClO2 dosage revealed a positive correlation. The inactivation kinetics of PAE using ClO2 was also investigated and the results demonstrated that PAE inactivation with ClO2 fitted the Chick–Watson kinetic model. The inactivation rate constants of PAE were found to follow the Arrhenius expression with an activation energy of 107.5 kJ/mol, indicating a relatively strong temperature dependence. However, there are minor effects of pH and initial ClO2 dosage on PAE inactivation rate constant.
Assessment of urbanization/impervious effects on water quality in the urban river Annaba (Eastern Algeria) using physicochemical parameters
Authors: Hafsi R. , Ouerdachi L. , Kriker A. E. O. , Boutaghane H.
Published: July 2016

Surface water quality is deteriorating due to the increase of urbanization which increases the load of stormwater and wastewater discharged into rivers. To evaluate the quality of an urban river (Annaba, northeastern Algeria), multivariate statistical analyses were applied to the physicochemical measures of 38 parameters. The application of principal component analysis and factor analysis pointed out 19 dominant components, explaining 83.40% of the variance. Reducing the amount of data will allow a reduction in the number of parameters that need to be analysed to have sufficient information on the water quality. An analysis of the statistical tools' results and effective impervious area leads to an estimation of the urbanization threshold level at which the impact on water quality occurs. Estimating the threshold of impervious areas to abide will ensure urban development while protecting the quality of water and environmental health.
Phosphate treatment by onsite wastewater systems in nutrient-sensitive watersheds of North Carolina's Piedmont
Authors: Humphrey Charles , Serozi Brent , Iverson Guy , Jernigan Jordan , Pradhan Sushama , O'Driscoll Michael , Bean Eban
Published: July 2016

The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of the PO4-P treatment efficiency of onsite wastewater systems (OWS) installed in nutrient-sensitive watersheds of the North Carolina Piedmont. Four OWS including two conventional and two single-pass sand filter (SF) systems were evaluated at sites with clay-rich soils. Piezometers were installed near all of the OWS, and down-gradient from the conventional OWS for groundwater collection and characterization. Septic tanks, groundwater, SF effluent, and surface waters were sampled each season during 2015 (five times) and analyzed for PO4-P and Cl concentrations and for various environmental parameters. The conventional and SF OWS reduced PO4-P concentrations by an average of 99% and 90%, respectively, before discharge to surface waters. Mass-load reductions of PO4-P were also greater for the conventional OWS (mean 95%), relative to SF (83%) systems. The effluents discharged by SF OWS were influencing surface water quality. Additional treatment of the effluent from single-pass SF with reactive media is suggested, along with monitoring of the final effluent for PO4-P concentrations. This research provides important information that is absent from the published literature concerning PO4-P contributions to water resources from OWS in clay soils.
PROPOSIÇÃO DE UM REALISMO SEMIÓTICO PEIRCIANO PARA UMA DAS VERSÕES DA FÍSICA QUÂNTICA
Authors: Machado Lino
Published: July 2016

Aplicação da semiótica triádica de C. S. Peirce à Mecânica Quântica, tal como estabelecida pela chamada Escola de Copenhague na década de 1920 e reinterpretada por Werner Heisenberg nos anos 1950, com o auxílio da noção aristotélica de dýnamis-potentia.
SINCRETISMO NA FIGURATIVIZAÇÃO DA AULA DE INGLÊS: ANÁLISE DE UM LIVRO DIDÁTICO
Authors: Gomes Raquel Salcedo , Gomes Marcelo Salcedo
Published: July 2016

Este artigo objetiva uma investigação sobre os efeitos de sentido resultantes do emprego de linguagem sincrética verbo-visual em um livro didático de língua estrangeira, distribuído pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático para escolas públicas de todo o país. Centralizamos a análise nos papéis do professor e dos alunos figurativizados na prática semiótica aula e em como essa figurativização é afetada pela midiatização da sociedade. Para tanto, selecionamos a primeira unidade do volume elaborado para o sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental, analisando-a a partir dos conceitos de linguagem sincrética de L. Hjelmslev (1975) e na semiótica das práticas de J. Fontanille (2005). A análise indicou que a aula de inglês enquanto prática semiótica é concebida como espaço de interação e da presença de temáticas emergentes na sociedade contemporânea. Porém, apesar de todo este revestimento de atualidade, ainda está centrada nas figuras do professor e do livro didático como sujeitos do saber, ao passo que o aluno, apesar de respeitado em seus saberes e mais livre para efetuar escolhas, ainda é representado como receptor do conhecimento.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DO ATOR MULHER CONTEMPORÂNEA EM PUBLICIDADES DE VOCÊ S/A
Authors: De Oliveira Raíssa Medici , Nascimento Edna Maria Fernandes dos Santos
Published: July 2016

Neste artigo, nosso objetivo é analisar, sob a perspectiva da teoria semiótica greimasiana, o modo como o ator mulher contemporânea é construído em três publicidades veiculadas no periódico VOCÊ S/A em exemplares dos anos 2001, 2004 e 2011. Embora tenhamos optado por organizar as análises nessa ordem, a questão temporal não é o cerne do nosso trabalho. Nosso enfoque, neste trabalho, recairá sobre os papéis temáticos de esposa, mãe, dona-de-casa, profissional e “mulher”, desempenhados por esse ator que, entrando em conjunção com os objetos anunciados, pode ser esposa/mãe realizada e profissional bem-sucedida ou, ainda, pode ser “mais mulher”.
A CIÊNCIA DAS MULHERES: RELAÇÕES ENTRE TEXTO E IMAGEM NA REVISTA UNESP CIÊNCIA
Authors: Garrido Bruno Sampaio
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho pretende investigar as relações entre os elementos verbais e não verbais de uma reportagem de capa da revista Unesp Ciência, e como elas atuam na construção do sentido global das mensagens produzidas, de maneira a evidenciar os conteúdos tratados no texto, tornando-a mais atraente para os leitores. Para a análise, escolheu-se a capa e a reportagem principal da edição 17 da revista, publicada em março de 2011, que abordam as dificuldades das mulheres cientistas em ocupar cargos mais altos na carreira acadêmica. O corpus foi analisado à luz da semiótica francesa, de maneira a se obter uma compreensão global das mensagens constituintes dos elementos estudados e das relações fundamentais para a construção de sentidos. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que a temática retratada no objeto é articulada para arrebatar mais facilmente o leitor para motivá-lo a continuar a leitura, valendo-se de elementos mais concernentes com o repertório cognitivo-cultural médio do público-alvo, tal como retratar a desigualdade entre homens e mulheres na carreira acadêmica sob a metáfora de uma competição esportiva, entre outras figurativizações que remetem ao tema tratado – como o fato de as cientistas acumularem papéis sociais de profissional, mãe e cuidadora do lar.
TRANSGRESSÃO E SEGREDO NUM POEMA DE FLORBELA ESPANCA
Authors: Junior José Leite Oliveira
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo é uma análise semiótica do poema "Amar!", da escritora portuguesa Florbela Espanca. O texto aborda o problema da aparente contradição entre a forma tradicional do soneto e o conteúdo transgressor. Seguindo o percurso gerativo do sentido, com ênfase para o nível discursivo, conclui-se que o uso do soneto pode ser entendido como a modalidade veridictória do segredo ao sujeito cognitivo, já que o parecer da forma é negado e o ser transgressivo, tematizado pelo amor livre, é afirmado.
DIÁLOGOS ACADÊMICOS, INTERAÇÕES DIGITAIS
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Luiza Helena
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho, inserido nas problemáticas da sociossemiótica, discute a aprendizagem ou a construção do saber sob a perspectiva do que essa abordagem teórica concebe como regime de ajustamento. A partir de uma problematização dos modos de interação entre sujeitos, mediados ou não por objetos, analisamos situações de interação que têm lugar no espaço virtual produzidas pela mobilização de dois gêneros digitais: o do fórum, considerando a participação de discentes em um curso de graduação presencial, e o chat, em duas diferentes sessões num evento acadêmico online. A análise aponta para a possibilidade de pensar o conhecimento numa perspectiva processual e dinâmica, com a instauração de interações mais simétricas, de fazer partilhado, em que o saber se elabora como efeito de um envolvimento conjunto. Por fim, pretende apontar para usos de ferramentas digitais com implicações para a prática pedagógica.
FALLEN PRINCESSES: UMA ANÁLISE SEMIÓTICA
Authors: Da Silva Dias Maria do Livramento , Borges Gomes Francisco Wellington
Published: July 2016

A semiótica proposta por Charles Sanders Peirce, um modelo de análise utilizado por diferentes campos do conhecimento, defende que a linguagem organiza-se por meio de signos. De acordo com esse arcabouço teórico, a apreensão de significados se dá pela semiose, processo no qual interpretante, objeto e representamen estão encadeados em um ciclo cujas realizações repousam em categorias justapostas e distintas chamadas de primeiridade, secundidade e terceiridade. A semiótica peirciana é, portanto, a ciência da linguagem que busca desvendar os significados contidos em variados tipos de manifestações linguísticas, sejam elas imagéticas, sonoras, verbais, dentre outras. Neste trabalho, aplicamos as categorias propostas por Peirce (2010) na análise de uma fotografia do ensaio Fallen Princesses, produzido por Dina Goldstein (2013). Buscamos, após discussão teórica sobre os conceitos-chaves da semiótica peirciana, identificar os elementos da fotografia de acordo com as categorias propostas por Peirce, responsáveis pela construção dos significados da imagem.
DA LITERATURA AO CINEMA: OS DIÁLOGOS INTERARTÍSTICOS EM LE FABULEUX DESTIN D’AMELIE POULAIN
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Paula Dias
Published: July 2016

Nesta análise, demonstramos como a teoria do conto maravilhoso de Vladimir Propp e a conceituação de metalinguagem de Roman Jakobson, pensadas a partir do domínio literário, colaboram para a leitura crítica e para a construção do filme Le fabuleux destin d’Amélie Poulain (2001), de Jean-Pierre Jeunet. O trabalho procura destacar os diversos diálogos que a obra cinematográfica trava com a literatura por meio de sua estrutura narrativa e recursos poéticos.
OS PROGRAMAS NARRATIVOS DE “A CARNE DO METRÔ”, CONTO DE RODRIGO LOPES DE BARROS: DO MAIS MENOS AO MAIS MAIS
Authors: Francisco Milton
Published: July 2016

Neste artigo, utilizando a teoria semiótica, fazemos uma leitura do conto “A carne do metrô”, de Rodrigo Lopes de Barros, jovem contista brasileiro. Exploramos especialmente os conceitos de percurso e programa narrativos, actantes, junção, competências modais do sujeito. Também, fazemos uma breve leitura do conto à luz da semiótica tensiva e tecemos considerações sobre o sentido submerso, tratando-o como ironia.
O FAZER TRADUTÓRIO EM ABSTRACTS DE PERIÓDICOS CIENTÍFICOS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA SEMIÓTICA FRANCESA
Authors: Garrido Bruno Sampaio
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal discorrer sobre alguns aspectos da teoria semiótica francesa que se convergem com os estudos da tradução, de maneira a alargar as perspectivas desse último campo de estudo e, assim, contribuir para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas em semiótica na área tradutológica. O artigo em questão, além de seguir uma perspectiva analítico-descritiva, fundamentada em pesquisa bibliográfica, pautou-se pela aplicação dos conceitos em um corpus pré-determinado – mais especificamente, quatro resumos e abstracts de artigos científicos da área de psicologia. Mediante uma perspectiva enunciativa, o tradutor é compreendido como um agente copartícipe na construção de sentidos do enunciado traduzido, não se restringindo à transposição de significados já dados. A práxis enunciativa da tradução, sob esse ângulo, pode se pautar por uma orientação mais conservadora e literal, voltada especialmente para textos de cunho referencial, ou um posicionamento mais libertário, principalmente em textos literários e poéticos. No corpus analisado, percebe-se que a literalidade, apesar de configurar-se como prática predominante, se revelou entrecortada por gestos mais liberais, que exigiram modificações na estrutura léxico-gramatical do texto-fonte e, em certos casos, em reordenamentos semânticos mais significativos, embora o sentido global do texto original tenha sido preservado.
POR UMA SEMIÓTICA DO VIVIDO: ENTREVISTA COM O SOCIOSSEMIOTICISTA ERIC LANDOWSKI
Authors: Silva Luiza Helena Oliveira da
Published: July 2016

Este texto consiste numa entrevista concedida por Eric Landowski, sociossemioticista francês, produzida em Paris, em fevereiro de 2014. Nela, além de esclarecer sobre especificidades de sua abordagem teórica, discute temas de interesse mais amplo para semioticistas e pesquisadores que se interessam pela problemática do sentido: a estesia, a experiência sensível, as paixões, o gosto. Suscitado por um questionamento, argumenta sobre o que ainda se impõe como desafio aos semioticistas. Mais uma vez, o pesquisador ressalta que a semiótica ultrapassa os domínios do texto propriamente dito, propondo-se como uma teoria geral do sentido.
OS “DETETIVES” DOS ROMANCES POLICIAIS MÍSTICO-RELIGIOSOS
Authors: Massi Fernanda
Published: July 2016

Tendo em vista que o detetive é o personagem mais importante da narrativa policial, este trabalho analisa, sob o viés da semiótica discursiva, a caracterização do perfil dos sujeitos que realizam as investigações nos chamados “romances policiais místico-religiosos” mais vendidos no Brasil de 1980 a 2009. Nessas narrativas, além de encontrar o sujeito que realizou o crime e entregá-lo a um destinador-julgador, responsável por sua punição, o “detetive” deve proteger um segredo místico-religioso pertencente a uma sociedade fechada. Além de não serem sujeitos extraordinários (como Auguste Dupin, Sherlock Holmes, Hercule Poirot etc.), os “detetives” dos romances policiais místico-religiosos nem sempre conseguem ser eficazes no cumprimento de suas tarefas.
SARAIVA, J. A. B. A identidade de um percurso e o percurso de uma identidade: um estudo semiótico das canções do Pessoal do Ceará. Fortaleza: Edições UFC, 2012, 551 p.
Authors: Leite Ricardo Lopes
Published: July 2016

O livro A Identidade de um Percurso e o Percurso de uma Identidade: um estudo semiótico das canções do Pessoal do Ceará, que aqui resenhamos, é resultado da tese de doutorado de José Américo Bezerra Saraiva, defendida, em 2008, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Lançado, de fato, somente em setembro de 2014, pela EDUFC, Editora da Universidade Federal do Ceará, o livro, com 551 páginas, compõe a Coleção de Estudos da Pós-Graduação, que incentiva a publicação da produção acadêmico-científica da Universidade. O autor é professor de semiótica do curso de graduação em Letras e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística da Universidade Federal do Ceará, além de ser um dos coordenadores do Grupo de Estudos Semióticos da mesma instituição (SEMIOCE).
LA VALEUR POUR UNE SÉMIOTIQUE DES PRATIQUES
Authors: Basso Fossali Pierluigi
Published: July 2016

Même si on peut analyser en manière légitime la valeur comme une couverture lexicale qui cache des élaborations conceptuelles très hétérogènes, l’article cherche d’en trouver un socle commun et des axes de caractérisation. Au-delà de la fondamentale élaboration saussurienne, la valeur semble avoir une thématisation privilégiée en économie et en éthique ; toutefois, aujourd’hui elle est au centre des stratégies de marques et les intangibles ont construit un véritable marché identitaire qui semble soumettre l’économie aux valeurs élaborées dans les échanges communicatifs. Enfin, le tournant « expérientiel » du marketing semble inviter à saisir les conversions entre des valeurs discursives et des valeurs perceptives. Ces effervescences sociales peuvent pousser la sémiotique à réveiller la réflexion théorique sur la valeur, en cherchant un nouvel potentiel explicatif et critique de ses modèles. L’exploration conduite dans cet article cherche de combler quelques vides théoriques qui séparent les thématisations phénoménologiques, linguistiques et sociologiques de la valeur ; en particulier, nos objectifs principaux sont une nouvelle typologie des valorisations et un éclaircissement des aspects constitutifs de la valeur mis en tension par la dialectique entre les programmes narratifs et les réserves figuratives des acteurs.
DE LA COLÈRE A LA SOUMISSION DANS LES CONTEMPLATIONS DE VICTOR HUGO
Authors: Biglari Amir
Published: July 2016

Cette étude se propose d’analyser deux états passionnels successifs dans Les Contemplations de Victor Hugo : d’abord la colère (« Trois ans après ») et ensuite la soumission (« À Villequier »). En se référant à la théorie sémiotique, elle tentera d’élucider les caractéristiques discursives de ces deux états. Plus précisément, en faisant appel au schéma passionnel canonique, au point de vue tensif et à la sémiotique des instances, elle mettra l’accent sur les transformations actantielles, modales, spatiales, temporelles, aspectuelles, axiologiques et énonciatives apparues lors de ce passage. Parallèlement, ce travail s’attachera à mettre l’efficacité heuristique de la théorie sémiotique à l’épreuve du texte.
MEMÓRIA, NOSTALGIA E PUBLICIDADE: O CASO DAS CAMISAS RETRÔ DE FUTEBOL
Authors: Carvalho Richarles Souza de , Furlanetto Maria Marta
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho, seguindo as coordenadas gerais da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa, apresenta uma leitura discursiva do fenômeno designado como retrô, não novo por sua própria história, mas que se mostra distintamente no decurso do tempo. Observamos no discurso publicitário a presença marcante dos elementos retrô, tanto em propagandas que vendem produtos e se valem de materialidades de caráter retrô, como em produtos que se constituem nessas materialidades. Explorando o cruzamento de categorias discursivas com noções das ciências sociais, o artigo tem como objetivo, a par de teorizar o efeito retrô – refletindo sobre discursividade, memória, história, imagem, instâncias da publicidade –, investigar o discurso publicitário como manifestação multissemiótica que lança mão do discurso retrô, exemplificando seu efeito com uma peça de indumentária: a camisa de futebol. Buscamos mostrar, ainda, por que se pode considerar camisas de futebol como materialidade discursiva que amalgama itens textuais numa reinterpretação do passado; finalmente, é feita uma proposta de tipologia para o que estamos chamando de discurso da tradição.