bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach for Autonomous Densely Spaced Acquisition of Buried Objects in Intertidal Environments—Field Examples From Avaldsnes, Norway
Authors: Olsen T. M. , Weibull W. , Escalona A. , Vivås A. S.
Published: July 2024

Underwater archaeology relies on expensive and time‐consuming invasive methods for identifying and excavating objects buried in the seabed or identifying layers in shallow and intertidal environments. Especially shallow and intertidal environments are challenging due to locally high levels of sedimentation that offer good conditions for preserving organic material, that is, archaeological objects, in stabile and low‐oxygen environments. We present a system capable of dense (25 cm × 25 cm) survey coverage that enables nondestructive decimetre‐scale visualization of buried objects and sedimentary layers lying in the subsurface. The system comprises an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) equipped with a single‐channel 2D Chirp sonar. A description of the vehicle design is presented, and results from five field tests demonstrate the ability of the system to collect high‐resolution acoustic data in a variety of shallow water environments. The system shows an example of the linearized zero offset reflectivity inversion dataset, visualizing a known buried shipwreck from the medieval period in Avaldsnes, Norway. The ASV system holds global implications as it can serve as a noninvasive first‐stage survey in sensitive heritage or archaeological areas. Areas where traditional methods are challenging, or invasive methods are dissuaded.
Isolation, discrimination, and feeling “constant guilt”: A mixed‐methods analysis of female physicians’ experience with fertility, family planning, and oncology careers
Authors: Marion Sarah , Dalwadi Shraddha M. , Kuczmarska‐Haas Aleksandra , Gillespie Erin F. , Ludwig Michelle S. , Holliday Emma B. , Thom Bridgette , Chino Fumiko , Lee Anna
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Family planning among female physicians is harmed by high risks of infertility, workload burden, poor family leave policies, and gender discrimination. Many women report feeling unsupported in the workplace, despite national policies to protect against unfair treatment.

Methods

This secondary analysis applied a modified version of the rigorous and accelerated data reduction technique to conduct a thematic analysis of comments to an open‐ended prompt. Comments were coded by multiple trained researchers then grouped and merged into illustrative themes via qualitative techniques.

Results

Of 1004 responses to the quantitative survey, 162 physicians completed the open‐ended prompt. Initial codes (n = 16) were combined into eight groups including, from which three overarching themes were identified. Institutional barriers were highlighted with comments discussing the increased need for parental leave, part‐time options and the concern for academic or professional punishment for being pregnant and/or having children. Departmental barriers were explored with comments grouped around codes of discrimination/negative culture and challenges with breastfeeding/pumping and childcare. Personal barriers were discussed in themes highlighting the difficulties that female physicians faced around the timing of family planning, challenges with reproductive health and assistance, and alternative circumstances and/or decisions against family planning.

Conclusion

Barriers to family planning in oncology exist across career domains from dysfunctional maternity leave to poor education on infertility risk. Solutions include improving institutional support, expanding parental leave, and general cultural change to improve awareness and promotion of family and career balance.
High‐throughput liquid chromatography‐vacuum differential mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry for the analysis of isomeric drugs of abuse in human urine
Authors: Cifuentes Girard Maria Fernanda , Knight Patrick , Hopfgartner Gérard
Published: July 2024

The use of differential mobility spectrometry at low pressure coupled to liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐vDMS‐MS) was investigated for the analysis of 13 drugs of abuse (DoA) including the following: cocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, cocaethylene, benzoylecgonine, norcocaine, tramadol, isomeric pairs of metabolites; O‐desmethyl‐cis‐tramadol and N‐desmethyl‐cis‐tramadol, and cannabinoids: Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabidiol, 11‐hydroxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, 11‐nor‐9carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, and 11‐nor‐9carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol glucuronide. Different parameters were optimized for isomeric separation, such as LC mobile phase composition (20%–100% methanol acetonitrile and isopropanol, flow rate: 8–100 μL/min) and DMS separation voltage. Methanol and acetonitrile significantly affected the compensation voltage of the analytes and improved DMS separation. A short trap/elute LC‐vDMS‐SIM/MS screening method of 1 min was developed to quantify 11 drugs of abuse (except THC/CBD), in addition to a 4‐min LC‐vDMS‐SIM/MS method to identify and quantify five cannabinoids including the isomers THC/CBD and three THC metabolites. THC is the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis and is a controlled substance in comparison to its isomeric counterpart CBD; this highlights the importance and challenges to resolve these isomeric pairs by analytical techniques. The signal responses were linear over a concentration range of 0.005–10 μg/mL for the DoA and 1–1000 ng/mL for cannabinoids. The intraday and interday precision were better than 12.2% and accuracy better than 115%. Urine samples from subjects who tested positive for THC and/or cocaine during roadside drug testing were evaluated to assess the performance of the methods LC‐vDMS‐SIM/MS and LC‐MRM/MS. Results show that the developed LC‐vDMS‐SIM/MS method presents similar performance to LC‐MRM/MS with improved sample throughput.
Release of IL‐1β and IL‐18 in human primary bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke is independent of NLRP3
Authors: Dino Paola , Giuffrè Maria Rita , Buscetta Marco , Di Vincenzo Serena , La Mensa Agnese , Cristaldi Marta , Bucchieri Fabio , Lo Iacono Giovanna , Bertani Alessandro , Pace Elisabetta , Cipollina Chiara
Published: July 2024

Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for chronic lung diseases and promotes activation of pattern recognition receptors in the bronchial epithelium. NOD‐like receptor family, pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) is a pattern recognition receptor whose activation leads to caspase‐1 cleavage, maturation/release of IL‐1β and IL‐18, and eventually pyroptosis. Whether the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in CS‐induced inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells is still unclear. Herein, we evaluated the involvement of NLRP3 in CS‐induced inflammatory responses in human primary bronchial epithelial cells. To this purpose, human primary bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with CS extracts (CSE) and lytic cell death, caspase activation (‐1, ‐8, ‐3/7), cytokine release (IL‐1β, IL‐18, and IL‐8), NLRP3, pro‐IL‐1β/pro‐IL‐18 mRNA, and protein expression were measured. The impact of inhibitors of NLRP3 (MCC950), caspases, and the effect of the antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine were evaluated. We found that CSE increased pro‐IL‐1β expression and induced activation of caspase‐1 and release of IL‐1β and IL‐18. These events were independent of NLRP3 and we found that NLRP3 was not expressed. N‐acetyl cysteine reverted CSE‐induced caspase‐1 activation. Overall, our findings support that the bronchial epithelium may play a central role in the release of IL‐1 family cytokines independently of NLRP3 in the lungs of smokers.
Striking a balance: Exploring attention, attack accuracy and speed in fencing performance
Authors: Varesco Giorgio , Sarcher Aurélie , Doron Julie , Jubeau Marc
Published: July 2024

In fencing, it remains unclear whether practice enhances visual‐spatial attention allocation. We explored whether this ability is improved in fencers and if it is related to attack speed and accuracy. Twelve novices (<1 year of experience) and 12 trained epee fencers (18 ± 10 years of experience) visited the laboratory twice (familiarization and testing session). They performed a covert orienting of visuospatial attention test (COVAT) on a computer and an epee test, involving 30 trials of 3 shuttles followed by fast attack phases where the fencers quickly hit a target (randomly proposed out of 8). We measured COVAT reaction time, number of successful target hits, and execution time to hit in the fencing test. We found shorter COVAT reaction time for trained fencers (332 ± 24 ms) versus novices (367 ± 32 ms; p < 0.001). The number of hits was greater for trained fencers (22 ± 3) versus novices (16 ± 3; p < 0.001). ANCOVA showed a difference in execution time at the test (823 ± 73 ms vs. 913 ± 141 ms, p = 0.035). A relationship was found between hits and execution time and between execution time and COVAT reaction time for the trained group (r = 0.62, p = 0.03 and r = 0.70, p = 0.01, respectively) but not in the novice group (r = 0.11, p = 0.72 and r = 0.45, p = 0.14, respectively). Mediation analysis showed that the relationship between execution time and number of hits (ADE: p = 0.008) was not mediated by COVAT reaction time (ACME: p = 0.17). These results evidence the importance of visual‐spatial attention allocation in fencing and evidence differences between novices and trained fencers with important implications for talent development in the early career stage.
Egg white grafts weak‐gels efficiently stabilize high internal phase emulsions and interfere with lipid hydrolysis: As delivery vehicles for hydrophobic actives
Authors: Yang Mingyue , Xiao Nan , Guo Shanguang , Ai Minmin
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the performance of egg white grafts (EWG) weak‐gel to stabilize high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) loaded with curcumin and analyzed the lipids hydrolysis after digestion via proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1H NMR. The results showed that the EWG weak‐gel formed after heating stabilized HIPEs exhibited small particle sizes, high values of storage and loss modulus, and a compact microstructure as well as better environmental stability. The stability of curcumin encapsulated in HIPEs stabilized by EWG weak‐gel was increased by 1.80‐fold. In in vitro simulation of digestion, the release of free fatty acids by HIPEs decreased from 89.59% to 31.85% with the increasing EWG weak‐gel proportion. Based on the results of 1H NMR analysis, unsaturated lipids are less susceptible to hydrolysis and oxidation as they are protected by a thicker interfacial layer formed by the EWG weak‐gel formed after heating. Hence, the EWG weak‐gel can stabilize HIPEs and deliver hydrophobic bioactive compounds efficiently and interfere with lipids hydrolysis.
Nanotechnology for climate change mitigation: Enhancing plant resilience under stress environments
Authors: Shoukat Abbas , Pitann Britta , Zafar Muhammad Mubashar , Farooq Muhammad Awais , Haroon Muhammad , Nawaz Allah , Wahab Syed Wasiq , Saqib Zulfiqar Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Background

Nanotechnology, utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) with unique physicochemical properties, has significant potential in enhancing sustainable agriculture through innovations in plant nutrition, growth, and protection.

Aims

This review aims to assess how nanotechnology, particularly NPs, contributes to sustainable agriculture by improving plant nutrition and growth, enhancing stress resistance, and offering solutions for phytoremediation and agricultural efficiency.

Methods

We examine studies showcasing the application of NPs in agriculture, focusing on their effects on plant growth, nutrient delivery, stress mitigation, pollutant removal, and the enhancement of food shelf life through nano‐encapsulated fertilizers and nano‐sensors.

Results

NPs have demonstrated promising results in slow‐release fertilizers for targeted nutrient delivery, improved germination and physiological activity under stress, and enhanced efficiency in phytoremediation by aiding the removal of pollutants. Nano‐sensors in food packaging detect deterioration and extend food shelf life, whereas nano‐encapsulation of agrochemicals offers environment‐friendly pest and nutrient management solutions.

Conclusions

Nanotechnology presents a forward‐looking approach to sustainable agriculture by enhancing crop productivity, resource use efficiency, and environmental protection. Continued research is essential to unlock the full potential of NPs in agriculture, emphasizing safe and efficient application methods to mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses and promote sustainability.
Self‐supervised learning for improved calibrationless radial MRI with NLINV‐Net
Authors: Blumenthal Moritz , Fantinato Chiara , Unterberg‐Buchwald Christina , Haltmeier Markus , Wang Xiaoqing , Uecker Martin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To develop a neural network architecture for improved calibrationless reconstruction of radial data when no ground truth is available for training.

Methods

NLINV‐Net is a model‐based neural network architecture that directly estimates images and coil sensitivities from (radial) k‐space data via nonlinear inversion (NLINV). Combined with a training strategy using self‐supervision via data undersampling (SSDU), it can be used for imaging problems where no ground truth reconstructions are available. We validated the method for (1) real‐time cardiac imaging and (2) single‐shot subspace‐based quantitative T1 mapping. Furthermore, region‐optimized virtual (ROVir) coils were used to suppress artifacts stemming from outside the field of view and to focus the k‐space‐based SSDU loss on the region of interest. NLINV‐Net‐based reconstructions were compared with conventional NLINV and PI‐CS (parallel imaging + compressed sensing) reconstruction and the effect of the region‐optimized virtual coils and the type of training loss was evaluated qualitatively.

Results

NLINV‐Net‐based reconstructions contain significantly less noise than the NLINV‐based counterpart. ROVir coils effectively suppress streakings which are not suppressed by the neural networks while the ROVir‐based focused loss leads to visually sharper time series for the movement of the myocardial wall in cardiac real‐time imaging. For quantitative imaging, T1‐maps reconstructed using NLINV‐Net show similar quality as PI‐CS reconstructions, but NLINV‐Net does not require slice‐specific tuning of the regularization parameter.

Conclusion

NLINV‐Net is a versatile tool for calibrationless imaging which can be used in challenging imaging scenarios where a ground truth is not available.
Advanced superparamagnetic cross‐linked chitosan‐based biosorbent hydrogel for efficient removal of indigo carmine dye from water: Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Azadikhah Farnaz , Ghaderi Maryam , Khorsandi Hesam , Karimi Ali Reza
Published: July 2024

Water contamination from industrial dyes poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. This study focuses on the development of advanced porous cross‐linked chitosan‐based hydrogels and superparamagnetic hydrogel nanocomposites for efficient removal of indigo carmine (IC) dye from water. The hydrogels were cross‐linked using benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and incorporated functionalized magnetic iron nanoparticles (CP‐MNPs). A comparative study revealed that the superparamagnetic hydrogel nanocomposite exhibited superior performance in IC dye adsorption. Higher IC removal efficiencies were observed at lower amounts of cross‐linker, pH, and adsorbent dosage. The superparamagnetic hydrogel nanocomposite demonstrated superior IC dye adsorption compared with the chitosan hydrogel. The adsorption process followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption onto the superparamagnetic hydrogel nanocomposite was endothermic and spontaneous, making it a promising material for environmental applications.
Carbon‐trade nexus: The embodied carbon emission transfer network of China's sustainable development demonstration belt
Authors: Tan Feifei , Xu Fuxing , Bao Shouzhen , Niu Zhiyuan
Published: July 2024

Uncovering energy‐related carbon emission transfer networks and assessing its structure and efficiency can help reshape the regional carbon‐trade nexus. Combining the social network analysis and interregional input–output model, our study estimates the carbon trade patterns from various perspectives and explores the topological characteristics of energy‐related carbon emission transfer networks within China's green development demonstration belt. Furthermore, carbon pressure index is used to identify key area for the regional carbon reduction. Results indicate that the three reaches are in descending order of embodied carbon emissions whether from the production or consumption perspectives when most of provinces are in the status of “carbon overload.” Furthermore, the total embodied carbon transfers with the large amounts occur at the provinces that are adjacent to each other. In terms of degree centrality, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Zhejiang dominate the carbon emission transfer network within the region, whereas Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Zhejiang serve as the main intermediaries and bridges. As a result, the findings should provide policymakers with new insights into how to formulate more targeted strategies for carbon management in different provinces and sectors.
Exploring the Growth Dynamics of Size‐Selected Carbon Atomic Wires with In Situ UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Marabotti Pietro , Peggiani Sonia , Melesi Simone , Rossi Barbara , Gessini Alessandro , Bassi Andrea Li , Russo Valeria , Casari Carlo Spartaco
Published: July 2024

Short carbon atomic wires, the prototypes of the lacking carbon allotrope carbyne, represent the fundamental 1D system and the first stage in carbon nanostructure growth, which still exhibits many open points regarding their growth and stability. An in situ UV resonance Raman approach is introduced for real‐time monitoring of the growth of carbon atomic wires during pulsed laser ablation in liquid without perturbing the synthesis environment. Single‐chain species’ growth dynamics are tracked, achieving size selectivity by exploiting the peculiar optoelectronic properties of carbon wires and the tunability of synchrotron radiation. Diverse solvents are systematically explored, finding size‐ and solvent‐dependent production rates linked to the solvent's C/H ratio and carbonization tendency. Carbon atomic wires’ growth dynamics reveal a complex interplay between formation and degradation, leading to an equilibrium. Water, lacking in carbon atoms and reduced polyynes solubility, yields fewer wires with rapid saturation. Organic solvents exhibit enhanced productivity and near‐linear growth, attributed to additional carbon from solvent dissociation and low relative polarity. Exploring the dynamics of the saturation regime provides new insights into advancing carbon atomic wires synthesis via PLAL. Understanding carbon atomic wires’ growth dynamics can contribute to optimizing PLAL processes for nanomaterial synthesis.
Aerogels based on Bacterial Nanocellulose and their Applications
Authors: Panahi‐Sarmad Mahyar , Alikarami Niloofar , Guo Tianyu , Haji Mehri , Jiang Feng , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: July 2024

Microbial cellulose stands out for its exceptional characteristics in the form of biofilms formed by highly interlocked fibrils, namely, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). Concurrently, bio‐based aerogels are finding uses in innovative materials owing to their lightweight, high surface area, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. In particular, bio‐based aerogels based on BNC offer significant opportunities as alternatives to synthetic or mineral counterparts. BNC aerogels are proposed for diverse applications, ranging from sensors to medical devices, as well as thermal and electroactive systems. Due to the fibrous nanostructure of BNC and the micro‐porosity of BNC aerogels, these materials enable the creation of tailored and specialized designs. Herein, a comprehensive review of BNC‐based aerogels, their attributes, hierarchical, and multiscale features are provided. Their potential across various disciplines is highlighted, emphasizing their biocompatibility and suitability for physical and chemical modification. BNC aerogels are shown as feasible options to advance material science and foster sustainable solutions through biotechnology.
Simultaneously Producing H2 and H2O2 by Photocatalytic Water Splitting: Recent Progress and Future
Authors: Cao Shuang , Sun Tong , Peng Yong , Yu Xianghui , Li Qinzhu , Meng Fan Lu , Yang Fan , Wang Han , Xie Yunhui , Hou Chun‐Chao , Xu Qiang
Published: July 2024

The solar‐driven overall water splitting (2H2O→2H2 + O2) is considered as one of the most promising strategies for reducing carbon emissions and meeting energy demands. However, due to the sluggish performance and high H2 cost, there is still a big gap for the current photocatalytic systems to meet the requirements for practical sustainable H2 production. Economic feasibility can be attained through simultaneously generating products of greater value than O2, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 2H2O→H2 + H2O2). Compared with overall water splitting, this approach is more kinetically feasible and generates more high‐value products of H2 and H2O2. In several years, there has been an increasing surge in exploring the possibility and substantial progress has been achieved. In this review, a concise overview of the importance and underlying principles of PIWS is first provided. Next, the reported typical photocatalysts for PIWS are discussed, including commonly used semiconductors and cocatalysts, essential design features of these photocatalysts, and connections between their structures and activities, as well as the selected approaches for enhancing their stability. Then, the techniques used to quantify H2O2 and the operando characterization techniques that can be employed to gain a thorough understanding of the reaction mechanisms are summarized. Finally, the current existing challenges and the direction needing improvement are presented. This review aims to provide a thorough summary of the most recent research developments in PIWS and sets the stage for future advancements and discoveries in this emerging area.
Plant‐Derived Chinese Herbal Hydrogel Microneedle Patches for Wound Healing
Authors: Luan Qichen , Qiao Ruochen , Wu Xiangyi , Shan Jingyang , Song Chuanhui , Zhao Xiaozhi , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: July 2024

Several natural Chinese herbal medicines have demonstrated considerable potential in facilitating wound healing, while the primary concern remains centered around optimizing formulation and structure to maximize their efficacy. To address this, a natural microneedles drug delivery system is proposed that harnesses gelatinized starch and key Chinese herbal ingredients—aloe vera and berberine. After gelatinized and aged in a well‐designed mold, the starch‐based microneedles are fabricated with suitable mechanical strength to load components. The resulting Chinese herbal hydrogel microneedles, enriched with integrated berberine and aloe, exhibit antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and fibroblast growth‐promoting properties, thereby facilitating wound healing in the whole process. In vivo experimental results underscore the notable achievements of the microneedles in early‐stage antibacterial effects and subsequent tissue reconstruction, contributing significantly to the overall wound healing process. These results emphasize the advantageous combination of traditional Chinese medicine with microneedles, presenting a novel strategy for wound repair and opening new avenues for the application of traditional Chinese medicine.
Modulating the Moderate d‐Band Center of Indium in InVO4 Nanobelts by Synergizing MnOx and Oxygen Vacancies for High‐Efficiency CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Huanhuan , Li Tianqi , Chen Fang , Wang Wentao , Ning Jiqiang , Hu Yong
Published: July 2024

Modulating the electronic properties of transition metal sites in photocatalysts at the atomic level is essential for achieving high‐activity carbon dioxide photoreduction (CO2PR). An electronic strategy is herein proposed to engineer In‐d‐band center of InVO4 by incorporating MnOx nanoparticles and oxygen vacancies (VO) into holey InVO4 nanobelts (MnOx/VO‐InVO4), which synergistically modulates the In‐d‐band center to a moderate level and consequently leads to high‐efficiency CO2PR. The MnOx/VO‐InVO4 catalyst with optimized electronic property exhibits a single carbon evolution rate of up to 145.3 µmol g−1 h−1 and a carbon monoxide (CO) product selectivity of 92.6%, coming out in front of reported InVO4‐based materials. It is discovered that the modulated electronic property favors the interaction between the In sites and their intermediates, which thereby improves the thermodynamics and kinetics of the CO2PR‐to‐CO reaction. This work not only demonstrates the effective engineering of the d orbital of the low‐coordination In atoms to promote CO2PR, but also paves the way for the application of tuning d‐band center to develop high‐efficiency catalysts.
Ultra‐Thin RuIr Alloy as Durable Electrocatalyst for Seawater Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yu Yanhui , Xu Haozhe , Xiong Xiaoqian , Chen Xuanwa , Xiao Yutong , Wang Huan , Wu Daoxiong , Hua Yingjie , Tian Xinlong , Li Jing
Published: July 2024

The development of efficient, high‐performance catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a significant challenge, especially in seawater media. Here, RuIr alloy catalysts are prepared by the polyol reduction method. Compared with single‐metal catalysts, the RuIr alloy catalysts exhibited higher activity and stability in seawater electrolysis due to their greater number of reactive sites and solubility resistance. The RuIr alloy has an overpotential of 75 mV@10 mA cm−2, which is similar to that of Pt/C (73 mV), and can operate stably for 100 hours in alkaline seawater. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that hydrogen atoms adsorbed at the top sites of Ru and Ir atoms are more favorable for HER and are most likely to be the reactive sites. This work provides a reference for developing highly efficient and stable catalysts for seawater electrolysis.
Ultra‐Lean Silver Screen‐Printing for Sustainable Terawatt‐Scale Photovoltaic
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Wang Sisi , Wang Li , Sun Zhenyu , Chang Yuan‐Chih , Chen Ran , Chan Catherine , Okamoto Kuninori , Ao Yiwei , Wang Dongliang , Dhamrin Marwan , Kosuke Tsuji , Hallam Brett
Published: July 2024

As the photovoltaics industry approaches the terawatt (TW) manufacturing scale, the consumption of silver in screen‐printed contacts must be significantly reduced for all cell architectures to avoid risks of depleting the global silver supply and substantial cost inflations. With alternative metallization techniques (e.g., plating) facing their own challenges for mass production, advancements in the mainstream screen‐printing technology to accelerate the pace of silver reductions are urgently needed. This work presents a silver‐lean screen‐printed contact scheme, providing scope for substantial reductions in silver consumption based on existing industrial screen‐printing capabilities. The initial testing of such a design leads to the fabrication of 24.04% efficient large‐area TOPCon solar cells with 9 mg W−1 silver consumption compatible with existing soldering‐based interconnection technologies, corresponding to a 25%rel reduction in silver usage compared to standard industrial screen‐printed TOPCon solar cells. Upon further optimization in pattern designs and fabrication processes, this silver‐lean design offers a promising pathway toward ultra‐low silver consumption of less than 2 mg W−1 for screen‐printed TOPCon solar cells without sacrificing efficiency.
Conclusions: Intergovernmental Relations: Merits and Limits of the Policy-Focused Approach
Authors: Wayenberg Ellen , Kuhlmann Sabine , Laffin Martin , Bergström Tomas
Published: July 2024

Our book has taken a distinctive, policy-oriented approach to IGR in analysing both specific crisis-driven problems and new, longer-term, and emerging policy issues confronting European governments. We have explored the shifting balances of power within IGR systems focused on the challenges of vertical and horizontal coordination within cross-country, comparative perspectives. In order to position the country cases and policy issues analytically, we have developed an IGR typology (see Laffin et al., in this volume) that distinguishes between three types of policy processes (centralized, conflicted, and multi-layered). The authors were requested to apply this typology in their studies and consider crises and new policy issues which have tested the stability and functionality of IGR systems. A crisis is “commonly identified as an extraordinary situation, which results in escalated but temporal instability and uncertainty compared to the pre-existing status quo” (see Wojtowicz, in this volume; Sahin-Mencutek et al., 2022). Crises are challenging. But are they necessarily catalysts for change? Especially in the realm of historically grounded IGR? After all, changes do not occur all at once but rather in stages, or phases, according to various models and theories developed to put transitions into (a temporal) perspective. A classic and well-known example is Kurt Lewin’s change management model (1947) that divides the process of organizational change into the stages of unfreeze—change (or transition)—refreeze. A more recent example is Normalization Process Theory (NPT) in which coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring are the four phases through which innovations are embedded and integrated (May et al., 2020). Of course, these stages and phases should be seen as iterative and interconnected in practice, rather than in a linear form as they are usually presented.
Postscript
Authors: Meyer Marcy
Published: July 2024

In this postscript, the author explores what it means for her to live poetically in community. She begins by describing how she felt discouraged writing this book during the pandemic. Next, she explains how she coped with the unexpected loss of her best friend by writing poetry and creating a “constellation of memories,” a 3-dimensional arboreal mobile of words and images, as part of a musical celebration of his life. She discusses how these practices helped her process the emotions of a difficult loss and brought a community of people together to celebrate the life of a loved one. By reviewing literature about poetic inquiry and identity, the author considers how the practice of poetic inquiry can be a constant source of consolation, discovery, and renewal for teacher-scholars, as well as the members of the local–global communities in which we live and write.
Load Cells
Authors: Rincent Jean-Jacques Henri
Published: July 2024

Dynamic testing can complement the monitoring of tie rod tension by means of sensors. In one example, a customer with doubts about the results of his 20-year-old instrumentation requested verification of the tension measured with dynamic testing.
Sampling
Authors: Rincent Jean-Jacques Henri
Published: July 2024

The representativeness of a sample is a relative notion. The aim is to optimize the static tests number but also to obtain a formula linking dynamic stiffness and force for the whole retaining wall.
Vectfem: a generalized MATLAB-based vectorized algorithm for the computation of global matrix/force for finite elements of any type and approximation order in linear elasticity
Authors: Tchuigwa Baurice Sylvain Sadjiep , Krmela Jan , Pokorny Jan , Krmelová Vladimíra , Jilek Petr
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we introduce a new vectorized MATLAB-based algorithm for efficient serial computation of global matrix/force arising from finite element method (FEM) for meshes of any type and approximation order in linear elasticity. Because for-loops in MATLAB are very slow, we propose a modified process that takes advantage of vectorization and sparse assembly to achieve good performance while using the same memory as the standard algorithm. For this purpose, by using good programming practices, the implementation of this scheme is succinctly described and can be integrated into any MATLAB package dealing with FEM. Specifically, attention is paid to the calculation of the triplet (row index, column index, matrix components) as well as the assembly of the global stiffness matrix, mass matrix and force vector. Additionally, an extension of the proposed approach for Mindlin plate theory and functionally graded materials is outlined. Finally, the accuracy of this strategy is verified on selected numerical tests after comparing the obtained results with those of ABAQUS. In terms of performance, the study conducted on a set of meshes considering the standard algorithm and two other well-known MATLAB vectorized algorithms revealed that: (i) for a 2D beam problem meshed with $$P_{1}$$

P
1

-triangle elements, a speedup of about 8 and 15 is achieved with and , respectively. (ii) for a 3D plate problem meshed with $$P_{1}$$

P
1

-tetrahedral elements, a speedup of about 4 and 8 is achieved with and , respectively. When compared to ABAQUS performance, the proposed scheme results in a computational time that is about five times smaller.
Development of an in vitro model of the neurovascular unit for BBB permeability-linked neuroactivity screening
Authors: Lubin Kelsey E. , Xu Zhuangyan , Sluka James P. , Knipp Gregory T.
Published: July 2024

Many potential neurotherapeutic agents fail in the later stages during development due to insufficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability or neurotoxic effects. To address this, we developed an in vitro model incorporating the neurovascular unit (NVU) — astrocytes, pericytes, neurons, and brain microvessel endothelial cells — designed to simulate the in vivo BBB and improve early drug screening. This model uses a direct contact triculture system enhanced by integrating SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells, enabling the study of permeability-linked neuronal responses. Our results show that this expanded NVU model, employing a Transwell® system, enhances the BBB’s restrictive properties and neuronal viability, potentially due to improved cell-cell signaling. Additionally, the model demonstrated increased efflux transporter expression, providing a more physiologically relevant assessment of neuroactivity in relation to BBB permeability. This innovative NVU model offers a predictive and robust tool for evaluating neurotherapeutic agents, facilitating the prioritization of candidates in large compound libraries and potentially reducing attrition rates in drug development. It represents a significant advancement in the methodology for early-stage neurotherapeutic screening, aligning in vitro findings more closely with in vivo responses.
Survivorship of total knee arthroplasty in poliomyelitis patients: long-term results from the R.I.P.O. registry and single-institution retrospective study
Authors: Manzetti Marco , Digennaro V. , Di Martino A. , Bordini B. , Benvenuti L. , Ferri R. , Cecchin D. , Faldini C.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The survival of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with poliomyelitis remains a debated topic due to the high recurrence of postoperative genu recurvatum. This study aims to report the long-term survival of TKA in patients with poliomyelitis, using data from the Italian Register of Prosthetic Implantology.

Materials and methods

A registry-based population study was conducted, utilizing data from the Emilia Romagna orthopedic arthroplasty implants registry (RIPO - Registro Implantologia Protesica Ortopedica). The cohort consisted of 71 patients with poliomyelitis-related arthritis who underwent TKA. The study assessed and analyzed demographic data, implant type, fixation method, insert type, and level of constraint. Additionally, variations in preoperative and postoperative both clinical and functional Knee Society Scores (KSS) were collected.

Results

Eight implants required revision surgery (16%), and three patients died (6.1%), resulting in a 10-year survival rate of 86.6% and a 15-year survival rate of 53.9%. Aseptic loosening was the primary cause of revision, accounting for 37.5% of failures, followed by insert wear (25%). No statistically significant correlation was found between the level of constraint and implant survival (p=0.0887, log-rank). Both the clinical and functional KSS improved postoperatively.

Conclusion

TKA is a viable alternative to knee arthrodesis and, in properly selected patients, might represent the first-choice treatment for articular degeneration due to its high survivorship. Despite the complexity of these cases, TKA can effectively alleviate articular pain, instability, and angular deviation, thereby preserving knee functionality.
Cancer and immune response: The role of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in laryngeal carcinoma. Preliminary results
Authors: Verro Barbara , Saraniti Giuseppe , Ottoveggio Gaetano , Saraniti Carmelo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The overall survival of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) hasn’t changed significantly in the last decades, leading to a negative prognosis in advanced stages. So, the immunotherapy takes space with the inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint, involved in suppression of immune response.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted on LSCC patients, selected according to strict criteria. The study was approved by the ethics committee of our Hospital. Parameters were: sex, age, smoking and alcohol habits, C-reactive protein (CRP) level in the serum, laryngeal subsite involved, differentiation-based histopathologic grading of tumor, neck node involvement, tumor stage, expression levels of PD-L1 (as Combined Positive Score – CPS). P-value < 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results

58 patients were included: 31.03% were females, mean age 63.55±10.09. A statistically significant correlation between CPS and smoking habits and N stage was found. CRP resulted increased in 44.83% of patients with a statistically significant correlation with CPS. The most cases were glottic cancers (46.55%). 75.86% of tumors were moderately-differentiated, without correlation with CPS.

Conclusion

PD-L1 expression levels are variables independent of sex, age, alcohol consumption, differentiation degree of LSCC. A statistically significant correlation between PD-L1 expression levels and smoking habits, neck node status and CRP was found. This last finding demonstrates the involvement of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in immune response in case of cancer. However, these results need further studies to detect the best patients tailored for treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies.
Performance of hybrid gain formula versus traditional fitting formulas in hearing aid fitting in tinnitus patients with hearing loss
Authors: Sendesen Eser , Colak Hasan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Hearing aid fitting can be challenging when tinnitus accompanies hearing loss, as speech intelligibility and quality of life are affected by both hearing loss and tinnitus perception. However, studies focusing on the optimal hearing aid fitting for this group are scarce. Here, we aim to investigate the performance of alternative hearing aid fitting scenarios in improving hearing aid benefit and managing tinnitus.

Methods

Sixty-six participants were included in the study and randomly divided into three groups based on the fitting formula: NAL-NL2, DSL pediatric and hybrid gain fitting procedure (covering NAL-NL2 for low frequencies and DSL pediatric formulas for high frequencies). Hearing aid benefit was evaluated using the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) questionnaire and speech perception in noise (SPIN). To evaluate tinnitus perception, psychoacoustic characteristics of tinnitus were determined, and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was gathered.

Results

The NAL-NL2 fitting procedure showed better results in hearing aid benefit and SPIN compared to the DSL pediatric procedure. In the DSL pediatric procedure, better results were obtained in tinnitus management compared to NAL-NL2. There was no difference between the hybrid fitting procedure and DSL pediatric in tinnitus management. The hybrid fitting procedure also did not differ from NAL-NL2 in SPIN and hearing aid benefit.

Conclusion

Here, we propose a hybrid gain fitting procedure that can be a better alternative to boost hearing aid performance and tinnitus management in clinical practice.
Management of uncontrolled/recurrent epistaxis by ligation or cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery: a scoping review
Authors: Dispenza Francesco , Lorusso Francesco , Di Vincenzo Salvatore Alberto , Dolce Anita , Immordino Angelo , Gallina Salvatore , Maniaci Antonino , Lechien Jerome Rene , Calvo-Henriquez Christian , Saibene Alberto Maria , Sireci Federico
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The control of epistaxis has always posed a significant challenge for otolaryngologists. One of the most viable options to address refractory cases is the ligation or cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of these interventions.

Materials and methods

Two independent otolaryngologists conducted a comprehensive search for studies dealing with management of uncontrolled/recurrent epistaxis by consulting the main scientific databases on the web, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The criteria for considering studies for the review were based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, timing and setting (PICOTS) framework.

Results

Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review, comprising a total of 454 patients. Among these, 289 individuals underwent ligation of the sphenopalatine artery, while 100 underwent cauterization of the same artery. Additionally, 56 patients underwent both ligation and cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery during the same surgery. The incidence of rebleeding and complications was respectively 12.1% (55/454) and 3% (14/454), resulting in relatively low rates in both cases.

Conclusions

Our review emphasizes the increasing importance of surgical approaches, specifically ligation or cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery, in addressing refractory cases. The low incidence of complications, predominantly temporary decreased lacrimation in patients undergoing ligation of the sphenopalatine artery, highlights the safety and feasibility of these interventions.
Alcohol-associated liver disease increases the risk of muscle loss and mortality in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Hanai Tatsunori , Nishimura Kayoko , Unome Shinji , Miwa Takao , Nakahata Yuki , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Shimizu Masahito
Published: July 2024

Background

Rapid skeletal muscle loss adversely affects the clinical outcomes of liver cirrhosis. However, the relationships between the annual changes in skeletal muscle area (ΔSMA/year) and the etiology of cirrhosis, factors associated with muscle loss, and risk of mortality remains unclear.

Methods

A total of 384 patients who underwent multiple computed tomography (CT) scans between March 2004 and June 2021 were enrolled in this study (median age, 67 years; 64% men; median model for end-stage liver disease score, 9). Body composition and ΔSMA/year were estimated using a 3D image analysis system and data from at least two distinct CT scans. Differences in ΔSMA/year among different etiologies of cirrhosis, factors associated with rapid muscle loss (defined as ΔSMA/year ≤  − 3.1%), and the association between ΔSMA/year and mortality were examined.

Results

Patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) cirrhosis experienced more rapid muscle loss (ΔSMA/year, − 5.7%) than those with hepatitis B (ΔSMA/year, − 2.8%) and hepatitis C cirrhosis (ΔSMA/year, − 3.1%). ALD cirrhosis was independently associated with ΔSMA/year ≤  − 3.1% after adjusting for age, sex, and liver functional reserve. Over a median follow-up period of 3.8 years, ALD cirrhosis, ΔSMA/year ≤  − 3.1%, and low subcutaneous adipose tissue level were found to be significantly associated with reduced survival. ALD cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–5.28) and ΔSMA/year ≤  − 3.1% (HR, 3.68; 95% CI 2.46–5.52) were also predictive of mortality.

Conclusions

These results suggest that ALD cirrhosis increases the risk of rapid muscle loss and mortality in affected patients.
The role of tissue IgG4 levels in steroid therapy in patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis
Authors: Seyidli Celil , Aydoğdu Yunushan Furkan , Büyükkasap Çağrı , Kozan Ramazan , Nasirov Mahir , Dikmen Kürşat , Esendağli Yilmaz Güldal , Akin Murat
Published: July 2024

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a benign, chronic inflammatory lesion of the breast. Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) associated disease is rare in the breast. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of steroid treatment on IgG4 levels in tissue in patients diagnosed with IGM. Between 2008 and 2017, 55 patients diagnosed with IGM in our clinic were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, microbiologic and histopathologic characteristics, treatment modality and recovery time were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to tissue IgG4 levels: negative (Group I), infrequently and slightly positive (Group II), and highly positive (Group III). Group I patients had a complete response rate of 77.8%. In the rest of the patients (22.2%), insufficient response was detected from the beginning of the treatment. In Group II, the response rate was 91.3% and the permanent success rate after treatment was 87.0%. Although group III patients had a complete response at the beginning (95.65%), they relapsed in a short period of time (26.1%) after discontinuation of steroid treatment. At least one steroid-related side effect was observed in 47 (85.8%) patients in all groups. There is no consensus on the dose and duration of immunosuppressive treatment in IGM. In this study, responses to steroid treatment according to IgG4 concentration in pathologic breast tissue and recurrences after the end of treatment were determined. We think that high IgG4 concentration in the tissue is associated with recurrence and other immunosuppressive drugs should be added as maintenance after steroid treatment.
Towards a process selection method for embedded analytics
Authors: Bender Tobias
Published: July 2024

Driven by technological progress, business analytics is gaining momentum while paving the path for next-generation business process management. Especially, embedded real-time analytics offers new opportunities for business process intelligence and value creation. However, there are several obstacles that organizations face in their adoption process. A key challenge is to identify business processes that are suitable for embedded analytics and hold relevant value potential. Our research addresses this need by introducing an exploratory BPM method, namely a process selection method. Applying action design research and situational method engineering, we iteratively built, used, evaluated, and refined the theory-ingrained method artifact. The method provides organizations with guidance in selecting operational business processes, for which a reengineering project should be initiated.