bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photochemical advanced oxidative process treatment effect on the pesticide residues reduction and quality changes in dried red peppers
Authors: Bae Ji-Yeon , Lee Deuk-Yeong , Oh Kyeong-Yeol , Jeong Dong-Kyu , Lee Dong-Yeol , Kim Jin-Hyo
Published: March 2023

Pesticide residues in crops are widely monitored, and the residue reduction techniques at the post-harvest stage are important to maintain food safety. In dried crops, pesticide residues can be concentrated after dehydration, which increases concerns regarding residue risk. Therefore, the residue reduction effects of ultraviolet (UV), ozone, and photochemical advanced oxidative process (pAOP) were investigated for dried peppers at the post-harvest stage. UV254 treatment reduced 59.7% of the residue concentration on average, while UV360 showed a reduction of only 13.3% under 9.6 W m−2 of UV exposure for 24 h. Gaseous ozone treatments reduced the residue concentrations up to 57.9% on average. In contrast, the pAOP treatment reduced the concentration up to 97% and was superior to UV or ozone treatment alone. Increased drying temperature under pAOP condition resulted in higher reduction ratios at 40–80 °C. The pAOP conditions with 12 and 24 µmol/mol of ozone and UV254 irradiation for 24–48 h reduced the residue concentrations to 39–67%. Particularly, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam residue concentrations were drastically reduced by over 50% under 12 µmol/mol ozone of the pAOP condition, while carbendazim, fluquinconazole, and pyrimethanil were relatively stable and their concentrations reduced below 50% under 24 µmol/mol ozone of the pAOP treatment. Various drying-related quality parameters of drying peppers such as water-soluble color, capsanthin, capsaicinoids, acid value, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid value were slightly altered, but not significantly, under 12 µmol/mol ozone of the pAOP condition, while the peroxide value was significantly altered under the higher ozone conditions. Therefore, pAOP treatment combined with gaseous ozone can be used for reducing residual pesticides in peppers without greatly reducing quality.
Heterochronic parabiosis reprograms the mouse brain transcriptome by shifting aging signatures in multiple cell types
Authors: Ximerakis Methodios , Holton Kristina M. , Giadone Richard M. , Ozek Ceren , Saxena Monika , Santiago Samara , Adiconis Xian , Dionne Danielle , Nguyen Lan , Shah Kavya M. , Goldstein Jill M. , Gasperini Caterina , Gampierakis Ioannis A. , Lipnick Scott L. , Simmons Sean K. , Buchanan Sean M. , Wagers Amy J. , Regev Aviv , Levin Joshua Z. , Rubin Lee L.
Published: March 2023

Aging is a complex process involving transcriptomic changes associated with deterioration across multiple tissues and organs, including the brain. Recent studies using heterochronic parabiosis have shown that various aspects of aging-associated decline are modifiable or even reversible. To better understand how this occurs, we performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling of young and old mouse brains after parabiosis. For each cell type, we cataloged alterations in gene expression, molecular pathways, transcriptional networks, ligand–receptor interactions and senescence status. Our analyses identified gene signatures, demonstrating that heterochronic parabiosis regulates several hallmarks of aging in a cell-type-specific manner. Brain endothelial cells were found to be especially malleable to this intervention, exhibiting dynamic transcriptional changes that affect vascular structure and function. These findings suggest new strategies for slowing deterioration and driving regeneration in the aging brain through approaches that do not rely on disease-specific mechanisms or actions of individual circulating factors.
Pigmented Cereals as a Source of Carotenoids
Authors: Trono D.
Published: March 2023

Cereals have numerous types of grain colours, such as white, yellow, orange, red, purple, and blue. Pigmented cereals are receiving more interest since they are rich dietary sources of bioactive phytochemicals, such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds. Carotenoids are abundant in cereal grains that naturally exhibit yellow, orange, and dark orange colours. These compounds have important nutritional and health benefits. Like other plant phytochemicals, all the carotenoids show antioxidant properties in reducing the oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species. As oxidative damage to biomolecules is involved in the onset and progression of chronic degenerative diseases, carotenoids can be considered as vital prophylactic strategic molecules. Consistently, data from various epidemiological studies strongly support the observation that adequate carotenoid intake may significantly reduce the risk of several chronic disorders. Moreover, certain carotenoids have the peculiar capacity to act as precursors of vitamin A, which protects from ocular diseases. Therefore, in the light of the important health benefits of carotenoids and the high cereal per capita consumption in the world, the improvement of carotenoid content in pigmented cereal grains and the shifting of consumption from white to yellow, orange, and dark orange grains would be helpful to mitigate vitamin A deficiency in developing countries and reduce the risk of chronic diseases in industrialized countries.
Potential Use of Pigmented Cereals and Millets as a New Ingredient for Developing New Bakery Products
Authors: Jagdale Yash D. , Nayik Gulzar Ahmad , ANSARI MOHAMMAD JAVED
Published: March 2023

Pigmented millet and cereals are considered to be a superior form of grains due to the presence of the relatively high level of phenols, and their greater antioxidant properties. They are known to contain a greater number of beneficial bioactive compounds. Nowadays, many individuals are suffering from gluten-related disorders. Hence, the utilization of pigmented gluten-free grains in the preparation of numerous bakery products will not only help in the prevention of diseases such as chronic inflammation, but will also help in enhancing the overall nutritional, sensorial, and textural characteristics of the product. Many different bakery products can be prepared with the use of pigmented grains, such as bread, cookies, etc. Pigmented grains have the potential to produce novel bakery products. However, more research should be done to determine the various parameters and requirements for the preparation of good-quality bakery products through the utilization of pigmented cereals and millets.
Surface modification of carbon dots via peptide covalent conjugation
Authors: Hazra Niladri , Hazra Soumyajit , Paul Subir , Banerjee Arindam
Published: March 2023

Surface modification of carbon dots via covalent conjugation with a dipeptide resulted in a dramatic change in the fluorescence emission from green to red.
Exploring F/CF3substituted oxocarbenium ions for the diastereoselective assembly of highly substituted tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Fernandes Anthony J. , Michelet Bastien , Panossian Armen , Martin-Mingot Agnès , Leroux Frédéric R. , Thibaudeau Sébastien
Published: March 2023

We report on the dramatic effect of a local partial charge inversion by replacing a CHCH3group by a CFCF3. This strategy allows the diastereoselective reduction of 5-membered ring oxocarbenium ions to access highly substituted tetrahydrofurans.
Activation of biomass with volatilized KOH
Authors: Li Chao , Li Yuannian , Shao Yuewen , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Shu , Wang Shuang , Li Bin , Cui Zhenhua , Tang Yonggui , Hu Xun
Published: March 2023

Activation of biomass (cellulose, lignin, and sawdust) with volatilized KOH was proposed to produce low-ash activated carbon.
A newly synthesized reference material for in situ sulfur isotope measurement of sphalerite using laser ablation MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Nie Xiaojuan , Bao Zhian , Zong Chunlei , Lv Nan , Chen Kaiyun , Yuan Honglin
Published: March 2023

The PAS-synthesized sphalerite has a homogeneous sulfur isotopic composition and is suitable to be a matrix-matched reference material for in situ S isotope measurements of sphalerite.
Preparation of highly dispersed SnO/TiO2 catalysts and their performances in catalyzing polyol ester
Authors: Su Huaigang , Zhao Qin , Jiang Cheng , Wang Yanan , Niu Yongfang , Li Xuelian , Lou Wenjing , Qi Yanxing , Wang Xiaobo
Published: March 2023

A series of stannous oxide supported on rutile titanium dioxide (SnO/TiO2) were prepared by a conventional incipient wetness impregnation method, and their performance as catalysts for fatty acid esterification reactions was investigated.
Electrochemical regulation of the band gap of single layer graphene: from semimetal to semiconductor
Authors: Zeng Lanping , Song Weiying , Jin Xiangfeng , He Quanfeng , Han Lianhuan , Wu Yuan-fei , Lagrost Corinne , Leroux Yann , Hapiot Philippe , Cao Yang , Cheng Jun , Zhan Dongping
Published: March 2023

The band gap of single layer graphene can be opened and regulated by an electrochemically induced brominating addition reaction which has prospective applications in micro–nanoelectronics and may bring about a revolution in Moore's Law in ULSI.
Quinoxaline-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Chen Yi , Li Shuhui , Li Aisen , Tu Liangjing , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian , Xie Yujun , Tang Ben Zhong , Li Zhen
Published: March 2023

Three cyclohexane-fused quinoxaline based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters were prepared, showing highly efficient device performance in organic light emitting diode.
Magnetite azolla impedimetric nanobiosensor for phthalic acid esters quantification
Authors: Darvishi Maryam , Shariati Shahab , Safa Fariba , Islamnezhad Akbar
Published: March 2023

Cu electrode was modified by azolla and magnetite azolla powders to produce impedimetric biosensors. Injection of PAE blockers to these biosensors obtained a linear relationship between ΔRCT and log CPAEs with good sensitivity and repeatability.
Cobalt catalyzed chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes: hydrosilylation under thermal and photochemical reaction conditions
Authors: Panda Surajit , Nanda Amareshwar , Behera Rakesh R. , Ghosh Rahul , Bagh Bidraha
Published: March 2023

Cobalt-catalyzed hydrosilylation of nitroarenes is reported for the first time using commercially available Co2(CO)8 under thermal and photochemical conditions. The scope of this protocol was significantly expanded including drug synthesis.
Construction of rigid amine-linked three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks for selectively capturing carbon dioxide
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wang Danbo , Cong Minghao , Jia Xu , Liu Zhiguo , He Lixia , Li Chaoqin , Zhao Yingjie
Published: March 2023

A highly rigid amine-linked 3D COF was constructed from two orthogonal building blocks (spirobifluorene and bicarbazole) through a post-synthetic chemical reduction.
Synthesis of trifluoromethyl N,N-aminals from nitrogen containing heterocycles by using a plasma flow microreactor
Authors: Abedelnour Elias , Ognier Stephanie , Venier Olivier , Schio Laurent , Tatoulian Michael , Cossy Janine
Published: March 2023

Trifluoromethyl N,N-aminals were synthesized from nitrogen containing heterocycles in a R3SiCF3 solution, using an argon plasma in a flow microreactor. The transformation of the trifluoromethyl N,N-aminals to N-trifluoroethylamine is also reported.
Synthesis, DFT, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo simulation of a novel thiourea derivative with extraordinary inhibitive properties for mild steel in 0.5 M sulphuric acid
Authors: Hegazy Ahmed M. , Haiba Nesreen S. , Awad Mohamed K. , Mahgoub Fatma M.
Published: March 2023

A novel thiourea derivative has been successfully synthesizedviagreen routes and fully characterized by FT-IR,1H,13C-NMR, and elemental analysis.
A multi-band nonreciprocal thermal emitter involving a Weyl semimetal with a Thue–Morse multilayer
Authors: Wu Jun , Qing Ye Ming
Published: March 2023

The giant enhancement of multi-band nonreciprocal radiation based on the Weyl semimetal–dielectric spacer–Thue–Morse multilayer–metallic mirror structure, is investigated.
Ion adsorption and hydration forces: a comparison of crystalline mica vs. amorphous silica surfaces
Authors: Siretanu Igor , van Lin Simone R. , Mugele Frieder
Published: March 2023

A systematic study using dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy of hydration forces on mica surfaces and amorphous silica surfaces in aqueous electrolytes containing chloride salts of various alkali and earth alkaline cations of variable concentrations.
6H-[1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[3,2-b]indole-flanked para-azaquinodimethane based aromatic-quinoidal polymer semiconductors with high molecular weights synthesized via direct arylation polycondensation
Authors: Xiao Yufa , Fu Huaijie , Li Zefeng , Zheng Yingxuan , Deng Ping , Lei Yanlian , Yu Yan
Published: March 2023

The 6H-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[3,2-b]indole-flanked para-azaquinodimethane (p-AQM)-based polymer semiconductors PQ-1 and PQ-2 are rationally designed through a π-extended aromatic-quinoidal design strategy.
Effect of different substituents on the fluorescence properties of precursors of synthetic GFP analogues and a polarity-sensitive lipid droplet probe with AIE properties for imaging cells and zebrafish
Authors: Cui Wei-Long , Wang Mao-Hua , Yang Yun-Hao , Wang Jian-Yong
Published: March 2023

A series of fluorescent compounds akin to GFP precursors were designed and synthesised and the luminescence properties of the compounds were investigated by varying the substituents. We have also developed a polarity-sensitive lipid droplet probe T-LD with AIE properties
Insights into the cellular consequences of LRRK2-mediated Rab protein phosphorylation
Authors: Fasiczka Rachel , Naaldijk Yahaira , Brahmia Besma , Hilfiker Sabine
Published: March 2023

Point mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) which cause Parkinson's disease increase its kinase activity, and a subset of Rab GTPases have been identified as endogenous LRRK2 kinase substrates. Their phosphorylation correlates with a loss-of-function for the membrane trafficking steps they are normally involved in, but it also allows them to bind to a novel set of effector proteins with dominant cellular consequences. In this brief review, we will summarize novel findings related to the LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of Rab GTPases and its various cellular consequences in vitro and in the intact brain, and we will highlight major outstanding questions in the field.
Deep reinforcement learning using least‐squares truncated temporal‐difference
Authors: Ren Junkai , Lan Yixing , Xu Xin , Zhang Yichuan , Fang Qiang , Zeng Yujun
Published: March 2023

Policy evaluation (PE) is a critical sub‐problem in reinforcement learning, which estimates the value function for a given policy and can be used for policy improvement. However, there still exist some limitations in current PE methods, such as low sample efficiency and local convergence, especially on complex tasks. In this study, a novel PE algorithm called Least‐Squares Truncated Temporal‐Difference learning (LST2D) is proposed. In LST2D, an adaptive truncation mechanism is designed, which effectively takes advantage of the fast convergence property of Least‐Squares Temporal Difference learning and the asymptotic convergence property of Temporal Difference learning (TD). Then, two feature pre‐training methods are utilised to improve the approximation ability of LST2D. Furthermore, an Actor‐Critic algorithm based on LST2D and pre‐trained feature representations (ACLPF) is proposed, where LST2D is integrated into the critic network to improve learning‐prediction efficiency. Comprehensive simulation studies were conducted on four robotic tasks, and the corresponding results illustrate the effectiveness of LST2D. The proposed ACLPF algorithm outperformed DQN, ACER and PPO in terms of sample efficiency and stability, which demonstrated that LST2D can be applied to online learning control problems by incorporating it into the actor‐critic architecture.
A novel air core electromagnetic fault current limiter with rotational motion
Authors: Fazljoo Seyed Amin , Aliabad Aliakbar Damaki , Amiri Ebrahim
Published: March 2023

The authors deal with design and analysis of an air‐core electromagnetic fault current limiter (FCL) with rotary motion. The proposed device is characterised by a simple structure, fast operating speed and reversible operation. It consists of two movable concentric air core spherical reactor rings (i.e. inner and outer rings) with variable mutual angular displacement. At normal condition, reactors are approximately aligned, and subsequently, the effective inductance/impedance of the equipment and the respective voltage drop are low. At faulty conditions, the short circuit current exerts a repulsive rotary electromagnetic torque on the reactors, which results in a fast and steady increase of the reactors angular displacement. During this process, the effective inductance of the equipment rapidly rises up to a level that effectively limits the short circuit current. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed topology in limiting the network's fault current, the inductance profile of the proposed rotary FCL and the respective fault current characteristic are compared with similar case studies (a) with linear FCL and (b) without FCL. The analysis is carried out via a finite element (FE) and supported via analytical and theoretical discussion. Finally, a down‐scale prototype of the proposed FCL was built and tested to verify the functionality of the device in the lab environment.
Effect of Rashba spin-orbit coupling interaction on energy states of silicon disk-shaped quantum dot
Authors: El Kazdir Moulay Said , Rzaizi Mourad , El Assali Kassem , Abouelaoualim Driss
Published: March 2023

Silicon quantum dots (QDs) are considered an excellent platform for spin qubits due to their weak spin-orbit interaction (SOI). Indeed, due to quantum confinement, novel spin properties arise from the SOI. In this work, we have studied the influence of the Rashba SOI and the confinement potential on the energy spectrum of an electron confined in a Silicon disk-shaped quantum dot, in the presence of an external magnetic field. The effects of the QD size, the confinement potential and the Rashba alpha coefficient on the energy levels are also studied. We used the effective mass approximation to determine the energy levels and their wave functions for different states. The results are presented as a function of the magnetic field in the presence and absence of SOI. We find that the energy levels of the electrons behave very differently depending on the magnetic field. The energy of all states changes with increasing magnetic field and each energy level splits into two and the energy difference between these two levels also increases with magnetic field, in the presence and absence of SOI. The energy levels are proportional to the Rashba alpha coefficient and inversely proportional to the radius of the QD.
Online promotion format selection for a supply chain with environment responsibility in an uncertain market
Authors: Wu Qunli , Xu Xinxin , Wang Hengtian , Tian Ye
Published: March 2023

Corporate environmental responsibility has received considerable attention. In our study, we consider a supply chain in which a manufacturer invests in green technology to decrease the carbon footprint. The main issue addressed here is how the manufacturer selects the optimal online selling format between agency selling and reselling to ensure profitability with a lower carbon footprint. In an uncertain market with considering different pricing sequences in dual-channel promotion,we explore six scenarios. The results show that the different pricing sequences will not affect the equilibrium green degree and pricing strategies under agency selling, whereas it may result in an improved greenness in reselling format. Furthermore, under the interaction of uncertain demand, pricing sequence and green technology investment, we reveal the agent selling format is not always superior to the reselling format with a double-marginalization effect, which contrary to the general intuition. Specifically, in an optimistic market, the manufacturer is more profitable in reselling format when the promotion price set in online channel prior to traditional channel, and in a pessimistic market, the opposite pricing sequence formulated will bring a considerable benefit to the manufacturer.
Teilhabe messen – Betätigungsstatus
Authors: Romein Ellen
Published: March 2023

Um die Partizipation eines Kindes zu beurteilen, muss man alle kindlichen Betätigungen betrachten. Der Betätigungsstatus ermöglicht es, die Teilhabe eines Kindes zu messen und auf einen Blick darzustellen.
Eingebrochen – Osteoporotische Wirbelkörperfrakturen
Authors: Wilck Andrea , Zahn Robert , Steinmeier Annika
Published: March 2023

Im Gegensatz zu gesunden Menschen reichen bei Patient*innen mit Osteoporose häufig schon Bagatellunfälle aus, damit ein Wirbelkörper frakturiert. Entscheidend für die Behandlung sind anschließend die Beschwerden, die Frakturform sowie die Fehlstellung. Sowohl in der konservativen Versorgung als auch postoperativ spielt Physiotherapie eine entscheidende Rolle.
Für Sie analysiert – Globale Leitlinie zur Sturzprävention
Authors: Moers Stephanie
Published: March 2023

Die erste globale Leitlinie zur Sturzprävention gibt sehr detaillierte Informationen, wie ein Sturzrisiko und dessen beitragende Faktoren untersucht und präventiv adressiert werden sollten. Für Therapierende, die mit älteren Menschen arbeiten, lohnt es sich, in diese Leitlinie zu schauen, da sie praktische und konkrete Hinweise gibt, das Sturzrisiko zu verringern.
AGEs RAGE Pathways: Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Maheshwari Shubhrat
Published: March 2023

Neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing tau serve as the biological
markers for Alzheimer disease (AD) and pathogenesis is widely believed to be
driven by the production and deposition of the β-amyloid peptide
(Aβ). The β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) that results from the
modification of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by builds up as amyloid
deposits in neuronal cells. Thus, a protein misfolding process is involved in
the production of amyloid. In a native, aqueous buffer, amyloid fibrils are
usually exceedingly stable and nearly insoluble. Although amyloid is essentially
a foreign substance made of self-proteins, the immune system has difficulty
identifying and eliminating it as such for unknown reasons. While the amyloidal
deposit may have a direct role in the disease mechanism in some disease states
involving amyloidal deposition, this is not always the case. Current research
has shown that PS1 (presenilin 1) and BACE (beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme) have
– and -secretase activity that increases β-amyloid peptide
(Aβ). Wealth of data has shown that oxidative stress and AD are closely
connected that causes the death of neuronal cells by producing reactive oxygen
species (ROS). Additionally, it has been demonstrated that advanced glycation
end products (AGEs) and β-amyloidal peptide (Aβ) together
increase neurotoxicity. The objective of this review is to compile the most
recent and intriguing data of AGEs and receptor for advanced glycation end
products (RAGE) pathways which are responsible for AD.
Usefulness of Free Tissue Transfer for the Reconstruction of Extensive Thigh Defects
Authors: Choi Jae-Min , Lee Kyeong-Tae , Mun Goo-Hyun
Published: March 2023

Background Despite the increasing popularity of free tissue transfer, thigh defects have been alienated from their potential indication, owing to the abundance of regional reconstruction options. However, some challenging situations where locoregional modalities may lead to suboptimal outcomes often require free flap. Due to lacking studies regarding microvascular reconstruction of thigh defects, this study aimed to investigate the versatility of free tissue transfer for reconstruction of thigh defects.

Methods A retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent microvascular reconstruction of thigh defects between 2003 and 2021. Their demographics and operation-related data were summarized and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.

Results Sixty-five patients were analyzed, with a median follow-up period of 15.5 months. Most common situations requiring free tissue transfer were extensive defects, followed by large dead space with exposure of major neurovascular bundle and chronic wounds surrounded by unhealthy regional tissue. Defects were most frequently located in the anterior compartment horizontally and in the distal thigh vertically. The median surface area of the defects was 180.0 cm2. The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous and thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps were the two most commonly used flaps. Reliable recipient vessels could generally be easily found in the vicinity of defects. Overall complications developed in 12 cases (18.5%), including two of partial flap necrosis. No total flap loss was encountered.

Conclusion Free tissue transfer could provide reliable outcomes and facilitate rapid recovery, and could be actively considered for reconstruction of thigh defects in situations unfavorable to the locoregional option.
Cluster Preface: Chemical Synthesis and Catalysis in India
Authors: Maiti Debabrata , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: March 2023

Debabrata Maiti (left) received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 2008 under the supervision of Prof. Kenneth D. Karlin. After postdoctoral studies at MIT with Prof. Stephen L. Buchwald, he joined the Department of Chemistry at IIT Bombay in 2011. His research interests are focused on the development of new and sustainable synthetic and catalytic methodologies. He is currently an Associate Editor of the ­Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Santanu Mukherjee (right) obtained his Ph.D. in 2006, working under the supervision of Prof. Albrecht Berkessel at the Universität zu Köln, Germany. He subsequently worked as a postdoctoral fellow with Prof. Benjamin List at the Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, and with Prof. E. J. Corey at Harvard University. In 2010, he joined the Department of Organic Chemistry at IISc Bangalore. His research interests revolve around various aspects of asymmetric catalysis, with particular emphasis on organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrization and transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective allylic, allenylic and propargylic substitution reactions. He is an Associate Editor of Organic & ­Biomolecular Chemistry.
Effectiveness of Planned Early Ambulation on Postoperative Recovery among Cesarean Mothers: A Quasi-experimental study in Mangaluru
Authors: Alphones Carol Karishma , Miranda Janet Prima
Published: March 2023

Background Mothers with cesarean section need more attention and care. Early ambulation is the essential to restore the maximum muscle function and improve the health during postoperative period. Early ambulation certainly has proven to be effective in preventing postoperative complications.

Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of early ambulation on postoperative recovery among cesarean mothers.

Methods Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 cesarean mothers, with 30 samples in each of the experimental and control group. Mothers in the intervention group received bed exercises by the investigator such as flexion and extension of the extremities, upper limb exercises, lower limb exercise, turning the patient, sitting with dangling the feet, and deep breathing exercises which was initiated at 10 hours of cesarean section followed by standing and walking at 12 hours of cesarean section for twice a day, whereas the control group received routine treatment as per the hospital protocol. Demographic proforma was used to assess the demographic characteristics, and structured postoperative recovery assessment tool was used to assess four major components such as pain, breast feeding, postnatal changes, and activity of daily living. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Statistical Analysis Significant difference in the postoperative recovery score was calculated by using RM-ANOVA and independent t-test and the association of postoperative recovery score with selected demographic variables done by chi-square test.Results The majority of mothers in intervention (66.7%) and control group (63.3%) were 24 to 29 years old and had secondary education (60% each). There was significant difference in breast feeding (p = 0.001), involution of uterus (p = 0.047), amount of lochia (p = 0.027), and activity of daily living in the intervention group (p < 0.05) compared with the control group.

Conclusion Early ambulation improves the postoperative recovery and helps to achieve a good sense of well-being.
Carrier and thickness mediated ferromagnetism in chiral magnet Mn1/3TaS2 nanoflakes
Authors: Algarni Meri , Zhang Hongwei , Zheng Guolin , Zhou Jianhui , Tan Cheng , Albarakati Sultan , Partridge James , Mayes Edwin L. H. , Farrar Lawrence , Han Yuyan , Wu Min , Zhu Xiangde , Tang Jin , Wei Wensen , Gao Wenshuai , Ning Wei , Tian Mingliang , Wang Lan
Published: March 2023

Layered chiral magnets with broken spatial inversion symmetry (SIS) enable chiral spin textures to occur in atomically thin layers. However, most layered materials retain SIS during their crystallization. Here, we demonstrate that SIS can be broken in a layered transition metal dichalcogenide TaS2 by intercalating Mn atoms. A chiral magnetic phase in Mn1/3TaS2 has, thus, been realized. This phase enables a nonzero Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, which in turn gives rise to large topological Hall effects (THEs) below 50 K. Both the ferromagnetism and THE can be tuned at low temperatures by modulating the carrier density via a protonic gate. Measured at 20 K with Vg = −4.7 V applied to the gate and electron doping density of 1.7 × 1022 cm−3, the maximum THE was almost double that recorded with no gate voltage applied. By further reducing the sample thicknesses, both the Curie temperature Tc and the longitudinal magnetoresistance can be significantly modulated. This is consistent with the theory of critical behavior. Our work highlights the ability to control both magnetism and chiral spin textures in Mn1/3TaS2 nanoflakes. Applying this discovery may lead to a variety of practical van der Waals heterostructure devices.
Thermally hardened AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs based on multilayer dielectrics and silicon nitride passivation
Authors: Lee Hanwool , Ryu Hojoon , Zhu Wenjuan
Published: March 2023

AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) were demonstrated to operate at temperatures of up to 600 °C. High-quality multilayer gate dielectrics (Al2O3/SiO2/SiON) were developed to enhance the thermal stability of the MIS-HEMTs at high temperatures. Furthermore, we found that silicon nitride passivation and circular structure can effectively reduce the off-state drain current, which is critical for high-temperature operations. Based on the optimized process, we demonstrated the AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs with record high Ion/Ioff ratios (1011 at room temperature and 105 at 600 °C) and high transconductances (47 mS/mm at room temperature and 8 mS/mm at 600 °C for a channel length of 2.4 μm). The maximum transconductance was enhanced by ∼28% after the operation at 600 °C. Lifetime measurement of the MIS-HEMT showed stable DC characteristics with a nearly unchanged on-state drain current and threshold voltage over the course of 25-h thermal stress at 525 °C.
Topological valley transport of spoof surface acoustic waves
Authors: Shen Yuanyuan , Guan Shengguo , Qiu Chunyin
Published: March 2023

In recent years, topological physics has attracted broad attention in condensed matter systems. Here, we report an experimental study on topological valley transport of spoof surface acoustic waves (SAWs). Specifically, we realize valley pseudospins and a valley Hall phase transition by tuning the structural size of adjacent grooves. In addition to a direct visualization of the vortex chirality-locked beam splitting for the bulk valley states, valley-projected edge states are observed in straight and bent interface channels formed by two topologically distinct valley Hall insulating phases. The experimental data agree well with our numerical predictions. The topological transport of spoof SAWs, encoded with valley information, provides more possibilities in design novel acoustic devices based on the valley-contrasting physics.
Size dependent electrocatalytic activities of h-BN for oxygen reduction reaction to water
Authors: Dinh Hung Cuong , Elumalai Ganesan , Noguchi Hidenori , Lyalin Andrey , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Uosaki Kohei
Published: March 2023

Electrocatalytic activities for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of Au electrodes modified by as prepared and size selected (0.45–1.0, 0.22–0.45, and 0.1–0.22 µm) h-BN nanosheet (BNNS), which is an insulator, were examined in O2 saturated 0.5M H2SO4 solution. The overpotential was reduced by all the BNNS modifications, and the smaller the size, the smaller the overpotential for ORR, i.e., the larger the ORR activity, in this size range. The overpotential was reduced by as much as ∼330 mV compared to a bare Au electrode by modifying the Au surface by the BNNS of the smallest size range (0.1–0.22 µm). The overpotential at this electrode was only 80 mV more than that at the Pt electrode. Both the rotation disk electrode experiments with Koutecky–Levich analysis and rotating ring disk electrode measurements showed that more than 80% of oxygen is reduced to water via the four-electron process at this electrode. These results strongly suggest and theoretical density functional theory calculations support that the ORR active sites are located at the edges of BNNS islands adsorbed on Au(111). The decrease in size of BNNS islands results in an effective increase in the number of the catalytically active sites and, hence, in the increase in the catalytic activity of the BNNS/Au(111) system for ORR.
A pressure-induced high-pressure metallic GeTe phase
Authors: Zhao Lamei , Zhang Xinran , Wan Biao , Zhang Zhuangfei , Shen Weixia , Zhang Yuewen , Fang Chao , Chen Liangchao , Wang Qianqian , He Julong , Jia Xiaopeng
Published: March 2023

As an important phase-change material, GeTe has many high-pressure phases as well, but its phase transitions under pressure are still lack of clarity. It is challenging to identify high-pressure GeTe crystal structures owing to the phase coexistence in a wide pressure range and the reversibility of phase transitions. Hence, first-principles calculations are required to provide further information in addition to limited experimental characterizations. In this work, a new orthorhombic Cmca GeTe high-pressure phase has been predicted via the CALYPSO method as the most energetically favorable phase in the pressure range between ∼30 and ∼38.5 GPa, which would update the GeTe high-pressure phase transition sequence. The crystal structure of the Cmca phase is composed of alternate stacking puckered layers of Ge six-membered rings and Te four-membered rings along the b direction. The high density of states near the Fermi level and delocalization of electrons from the two-dimensional electron localization function indicate a strong metallic property of the Cmca phase. Electron–phonon coupling calculations indicate that the Cmca phase is superconductive below ∼4.2 K at 35 GPa. The simulated x-ray diffraction pattern of the Cmca phase implies that this phase might coexist with the Pnma-boat phase under high pressure. These results offer further understanding on the high-pressure structural evolution and physical properties in GeTe and other IV–VI semiconductors.
Solid-amorphous transition is related to the waterlike anomalies in a fluid without liquid–liquid phase transition
Authors: Bordin José Rafael , Krott Leandro B.
Published: March 2023

The most accepted origin for the water anomalous behavior is the phase transition between two liquids (LLPT) in the supercooled regime connected to the glassy first order phase transition at lower temperatures. Two length scale potentials are an effective approach that has long been employed to understand the properties of fluids with waterlike anomalies and, more recently, the behavior of colloids and nanoparticles. These potentials can be parameterized to have distinct shapes, as a pure repulsive ramp, such as the model proposed by de Oliveira et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 124, 64901 (2006)]. This model has waterlike anomalies despite the absence of LLPT. To unravel how the waterlike anomalies are connected to the solid phases, we employ molecular dynamics simulations. We have analyzed the fluid–solid transition under cooling, with two solid crystalline phases, BCC and HCP, and two amorphous regions being observed. We show how the competition between the scales creates an amorphous cluster in the BCC crystal that leads to amorphization at low temperatures. A similar mechanism is found in the fluid phase, with the system changing from a BCC-like to an amorphous-like structure in the point where a maxima in kT is observed. With this, we can relate the competition between two fluid structures with the amorphous clusterization in the BCC phase. These findings help to understand the origins of waterlike behavior in systems without the liquid–liquid critical point.
Eye on genome editing
Authors: Du Samuel W. , Palczewski Krzysztof
Published: March 2023

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing techniques have the potential to treat previously untreatable inherited genetic disorders of vision by correcting mutations that cause these afflictions. Using a prime editor, Qin et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20220776) restored visual functions in a mouse model (rd10) of retinitis pigmentosa.
A high-resolution and high-efficiency x-ray spectrometer based on a multi-cone crystal
Authors: Shang W L , Wei M X , Yang G H , Sun A , Zhang Z Y , Du H B , Wang F , Yang J M , Li M , Shi J
Published: March 2023

A curved x-ray spectrometer based on a multi-cone crystal has been developed and demonstrated to improve the spectra resolution and intensity efficiency measurements by our experiments and simulations. Here 6000 conical rings with a single-ring of 10 μm to free the stress on the lattice planes was successfully realized in the multi-cone crystal, which provides a much larger solid collection angle and higher resolution than the usually-used planer crystal in the general x-ray spectrometer. Thus, the experimental results show that its spectrum resolution can reach ∼3.5 eV (full-width half maximum) with the corresponding

E

/

Δ
E

of 1420 (∼4976 eV). The intensity at the focus spot can be 110 times higher compared to that measured by a planer crystal spectrometer. Meanwhile, these results have also been confirmed by our numerical studies with our new developed x-ray arbitrary-surface-crystal diffraction software, X-chase. Attentional development on the x-ray spectrometer is of specific importance in the high energy density physics, inertial confinement fusion, and Astrophysics experiments.
A didactic approach to quantum machine learning with a single qubit
Authors: Peña Tapia Elena , Scarpa Giannicola , Pozas-Kerstjens Alejandro
Published: March 2023

This paper presents, via an explicit example with a real-world dataset, a hands-on introduction to the field of quantum machine learning (QML). We focus on the case of learning with a single qubit, using data re-uploading techniques. After a discussion of the relevant background in quantum computing and machine learning we provide a thorough explanation of the data re-uploading models that we consider, and implement the different proposed formulations in toy and real-world datasets using the qiskit quantum computing SDK. We find that, as in the case of classical neural networks, the number of layers is a determining factor in the final accuracy of the models. Moreover, and interestingly, the results show that single-qubit classifiers can achieve a performance that is on-par with classical counterparts under the same set of training conditions. While this cannot be understood as a proof of the advantage of quantum machine learning, it points to a promising research direction, and raises a series of questions that we outline.
Exploring structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of CeO2-X (X = Pt/Ni) doped and Pt-Ni co-doped CeO2 for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Junaid Iqbal Khan M , Batool Hafiza Saima , Liu Juan , Akhtar Perveen , Latif Abid , Ahmad Javed , Taj Imran , Khalid Sana , Gull Urva , Waseem Akhtar M , Tehreem Hadeeqa , Ullah Hamid , Usmani Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Employing DFT technique, we perform Pt/Ni doping and Pt-Ni co-doping into CeO2. We study the structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of CeO2 with selected dopants using Wien2k code. Spin-polarized DOS illustrate non-magnetic character of pure CeO2 while Pt/Ni/Pt-Ni doping yields magnetism into CeO2 with magnetic moment values of 2.2502 μ
B, 2.5683 μ
B, and 3.9190 μ
B, respectively. Active participation of Ce 4f-, Pt 4d- and Ni 3d-states at the Fermi level suggests remarkable improvement in the conduction process. p-d hybridization is observed and it produces good response in electronic properties. Pt:CeO2 and Pt-Ni:CeO2 exhibit blueshift while Ni:CeO2 exhibit redshift in absorption spectrum. We notice an enhancement in optical absorption and conductivity with decreased reflectivity of these proposed materials in the UV region. Tuning of absorption spectra and decrease in band gap of these materials indicate their uses for photocatalytic, photonic, optoelectronics and power electronic devices.
Collective response to local perturbations: how to evade threats without losing coherence
Authors: Loffredo Emanuele , Venturelli Davide , Giardina Irene
Published: March 2023

Living groups move in complex environments and are constantly subject to external stimuli, predatory attacks and disturbances. An efficient response to such perturbations is vital to maintain the group’s coherence and cohesion. Perturbations are often local, i.e. they are initially perceived only by few individuals in the group, but can elicit a global response. This is the case of starling flocks, that can turn very quickly to evade predators. In this paper, we investigate the conditions under which a global change of direction can occur upon local perturbations. Using minimal models of self-propelled particles, we show that a collective directional response occurs on timescales that grow with the system size and it is, therefore, a finite-size effect. The larger the group is, the longer it will take to turn. We also show that global coherent turns can only take place if i) the mechanism for information propagation is efficient enough to transmit the local reaction undamped through the whole group; and if ii) motility is not too strong, to avoid that the perturbed individual leaves the group before the turn is complete. No compliance with such conditions results in the group’s fragmentation or in a non-efficient response.
A versatile cryogenic system for liquid argon detectors
Authors: Grauso G. , Basco A. , Canci N. , de Asmundis R. , Di Capua F. , Matteucci G. , Suvorov Y. , Fiorillo G.
Published: March 2023

Detectors for direct dark matter search using noble gases in the liquid phase as a detection medium need to be coupled to liquefaction, purification and recirculation systems. A dedicated cryogenic system has been assembled and operated at the INFN-Naples cryogenic laboratory with the aim to liquefy and purify the argon used as an active target in liquid argon detectors to study the scintillation and ionization signals detected by large SiPM arrays. The cryogenic system is mainly composed of a double wall cryostat hosting the detector, a purification stage to reduce the impurities below one part per billion level, a condenser to liquefy the argon, and a recirculation gas panel connected to the cryostat equipped with a custom gas pump. The main features of the cryogenic system are reported as well as the performance, long term operation and stability in terms of the most relevant thermodynamic parameters.
Characterisation of ion temperature and toroidal rotation on the ST40 tokamak
Authors: Wood J. , Lomanowski B. , Delabie E. , Willett H.V. , Sertoli M. , Varje J.
Published: March 2023

ST40 is a high field low-aspect ratio spherical tokamak built and operated by Tokamak Energy Ltd. Recent plasma operations were aimed at exploring operational scenarios to maximise the central plasma temperature and have culminated in the achievement of thermal ion temperatures of over 9 keV. This paper presents ion temperature and toroidal rotation measurements performed on ST40 during the 2021–22 campaign for a range of different scenarios. Several independent diagnostic systems are used, analysing their correlation and interpreting their differences using new diagnostic forward models.
Test of the Optosystem for the ATLAS ITk data transmission chain
Authors: Santo D.D. , O’Neill A. , Franconi L. , Mateu I. , Müller R. , Halser L. , Juillerat S. , Weber M. , Munoz Sanchez F. , Rizatdinova F.
Published: March 2023

After Run III the ATLAS detector will undergo a series of upgrades to cope with the harsher radiation environment and increased number of proton interactions in the High Luminosity LHC. One of the key projects in this suite of upgrades is the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk). The pixel detector of the ITk must be read out accurately and with extremely high rate. The Optosystem performs electrical-to-optical conversion of signals from the pixel modules. We present a general overview on the design of the Optosystem and recent results related to the performance of the data transmission chain, pivoted on the Optoboards, and to the radiation hardness of the ASICs housed on it.
Description and stability of a RPC-based calorimeter in electromagnetic and hadronic shower environments
Authors: Apostolakis J. , Folger G. , Ribon A. , Sicking E. , Boumediene D. , Francais V. , Goto K. , Kawagoe K. , Kuhara M. , Suehara T. , Yoshioka T. , Pingault A. , Tytgat M. , Garillot G. , Grenier G. , Kurca T. , Laktineh I. , Liu B. , Li B. , Mirabito L. , Steen A. , Été R. , Krüger K. , Sefkow F. , Corriveau F. , Emberger L. , Graf C. , Simon F. , Pöschl R. , Kim D.W. , Park S.W. , Calvo Alamillo E. , Carrillo C. , Fouz M.C. , Garcia Cabrera H. , Marin J. , Navarrete J. , Puerta Pelayo J. , Verdugo A.
Published: March 2023

The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadron Calorimeter technological
prototype completed in 2011 is a sampling calorimeter using Glass
Resistive Plate Chamber (GRPC) detectors as the active medium. This
technology is one of the two options proposed for the hadron
calorimeter of the International Large Detector for the
International Linear Collider. The prototype was exposed in 2015 to
beams of muons, electrons, and pions of different energies at the
CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The use of this technology for
future experiments requires a reliable simulation of its response
that can predict its performance. GEANT4 combined with a
digitization algorithm was used to simulate the prototype. It
describes the full path of the signal: showering, gas avalanches,
charge induction, and hit triggering. The simulation was tuned using
muon tracks and electromagnetic showers for accounting for detector
inhomogeneity and tested on hadronic showers collected in the test
beam. This publication describes developments of the digitization
algorithm. It is used to predict the stability of the detector
performance against various changes in the data-taking conditions,
including temperature, pressure, magnetic field, GRPC width
variations, and gas mixture variations. These predictions are
confronted with test beam data and provide an attempt to explain the
detector properties. The data-taking conditions such as temperature
and potential detector inhomogeneities affect energy density
measurements but have small impact on detector efficiency.