bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bürgerschaftliches Engagement für und von Familien – Eine empirische Analyse mit dem Freiwilligensurvey 1999-2009
Authors: Klocke Andreas , Stadtmüller Sven
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the role of volunteer services provided for and by families. This includes care and consulting services for children, adolescents and seniors and is supposed to disburden families in a direct or indirect way. Data from the German “Freiwilligensurvey” (Volunteer Survey) suggest that a proportion of 35 percent of all volunteers aim their services at families. On the other side, families belong to the main actors of volunteering. In household with children, more than 40 percent of the volunteers are engaged for other families. Against the background of current problems in family life and demographic change, a raise in demand for volunteer services is likely for the future.

Zusammenfassung

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle von bürgerschaftlichem Engagement, das für Familien erbracht wird und das Familien selbst erbringen. Dabei werden unter bürgerschaftlichem Engagement für und von Familien Betreuungs-, Beratungs- und Pflegeleistungen für Kinder, Jugendliche oder Senioren betrachtet, die Familien auf direkte oder indirekte Weise entlasten. Die Daten des Freiwilligensurvey zeigen, dass 35 Prozent der bürgerschaftlich engagierten Menschen in Deutschland ihre Tätigkeit direkt oder indirekt an Familien ausrichten. Familienmitglieder gehören zugleich zu den Hauptakteuren bürgerschaftlicher Arbeit. Insbesondere in Haushaltskontexten mit Kindern sind mehr als 40 Prozent aller Engagierten für andereFamilien aktiv. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Problemlagen von Familien und des demografischen Wandels kann in Zukunft mit einem deutlich steigenden Bedarf an bürgerschaftlicher Unterstützung gerechnet werden.
Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam): Conceptual framework and design
Authors: Huinink Johannes , Brüderl Josef , Nauck Bernhard , Walper Sabine , Castiglioni Laura , Feldhaus Michael
Published: March 2021

This article introduces the DFG-funded “Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics” (pairfam) study, which was initiated to provide an extended empirical basis for advances in family research. Within the context of challenges in couples and family research, we address the major substantive fields covered by the pairfam panel: couple dynamics and partnership stability, childbearing, parenting and child development, and intergenerational relationships. Then we present the conceptual framework and survey design of pairfam. The panel started with about 4,000 respondents (anchors) in each of three birth cohorts: 1991-1993, 1981-1983, and 1971-1973. The panel also includes anchors’ partners. From the second wave onwards parents and children of anchors are included. The policy of pairfam with regard to the provision of scientific use files and data distribution are discussed in the concluding remarks.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Beitrag stellt das deutsche Beziehungs- und Familienpanel (pairfam) vor, das eine empirische Basis für Fortschritte in der Beziehungsund Familienforschung bieten soll. Vor dem Hintergrund zentraler Herausforderungen in der Partnerschafts- und Familienforschung werden Themenschwerpunkte, der konzeptuelle Rahmen und das Design des pairfam-Projekts vorgestellt. Inhaltlich fokussiert werden Fragen der Aufnahme, Gestaltung und Beendigung von Partnerschaftsbeziehungen, Elternschaftsentscheidungen bei Familiengründung und -erweiterung, Erziehung und Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen sowie Intergenerationenbeziehungen. Befragungsteilnehmer waren in der ersten Erhebungswelle je rund 4.000 Jugendliche (geboren 1991-93), junge Erwachsene (geboren 1981-83) und Erwachsene im mittleren Lebensalter (geboren 1971-73) sowie nach Möglichkeit auch deren Partner/in. Ab der zweiten Erhebungswelle werden auch Eltern und Kinder einbezogen. Am Ende des Beitrages werden einige Angaben zur Distribution der Daten als scientific use file gemacht.
Die Auswirkungen häuslicher Pflege auf die Arbeitsteilung in der Familie
Authors: Jabsen Annika , Blossfeld Hans-Peter
Published: March 2021

In this article we study the effects of home care on individual time use patterns of family members and the household division of labour. We focus on the amount of time that 30 to 65 year old women and men spend on employment and housework, and the changes that might occur on both the individual and the couples level when home care becomes necessary. The longitudinal analysis is based on data of the German Socioeconomic Panel from 1985 to 2004. Referring to caring for relatives, empirical evidence shows that women, in particular, increase their time for housework and decrease their time for paid employment. Focusing on couples division of labour in the household, our findings indicate a traditionalization process. The female partner fulfills the larger part of the housework time requirements, while the male partner fulfills the larger part of paid employment time requirements.

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die Auswirkungen der Anwesenheit pflegebedürftiger Personen auf die individuelle Zeitverwendung und die Arbeitsteilung der Haushaltsmitglieder. Die Untersuchung bezieht sich konkret auf die Zeit, die Frauen und Männer im Alter von 30 bis 65 Jahren für Erwerbstätigkeit und Haushaltsarbeit aufbringen und fokussiert die Veränderung der individuellen und relativen Zeitverwendungsmuster bei Eintritt eines Pflegeereignisses. Es handelt sich um eine Längsschnittanalyse auf Basis der Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels von 1985 bis 2004. Empirisch zeigt sich, dass sich vor allem die Frauen nach einem Pflegeereignis verstärkt im Haushalt engagieren und ihre Erwerbsbeteiligung reduzieren. Auf Paarebene lassen sich verstärkte Traditionalisierungstendenzen erkennen. Die Frau übernimmt einen größeren Anteil der Hausarbeitszeit, der Mann einen größeren Anteil der Erwerbsarbeitszeit.
Kontakte mit Nichten und Neffen – Eine empirische Analyse von vernachlässigten Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen
Authors: Jakoby Nina
Published: March 2021

This article predicts the frequency of aunts’ and uncles’ contacts with their nieces and nephews. I develop a new theoretical framework to explain differences in contact frequency, using data from ISSP 2001 (Social Networks II). The empirical results reveal that classic variables (e.g. gender, social status, childlessness) have no influence on contact frequency with nieces and nephews, contrary to existing literature. Future studies would benefit from biographical predictors in understanding these important and understudied family relationships.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Häufigkeit der sozialen Kontakte von Onkeln und Tanten mit ihren Nichten und Neffen. Damit wird eine Verwandtschaftskategorie analysiert, die in der Familiensoziologie eine fast vergessene Thematik ist. Auf der Grundlage eines theoretischen Modells und einer daran anschließenden empirischen Analyse mit Daten des ISSP 2001 (Social Networks II) werden die Determinanten der Kontakthäufigkeit mit Nichten und Neffen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Vielzahl der Befunde zu den klassischen Determinanten verwandtschaftlicher Interaktionen (z.B. Geschlecht, sozialer Status, Kinderlosigkeit) nicht repliziert werden kann. Eine stärkere Berücksichtigung der Familienbiographie sollte Ziel einer zukünftigen soziologischen Verwandtschaftsforschung sein.
The role of job-related spatial mobility in the household division of labor within couples in Germany and Poland
Authors: Hofmeister Heather , Hünefeld Lena , Proch Celina
Published: March 2021

This paper will examine the self-reported division of housework and childcare in Germany and Poland considering the job-related spatial mobility within dual-earner couples who are living in a household together with a partner, using 2007 data from the Job Mobility and Family Lives in Europe Project. We find that men who are spatially mobile for work often report shifting housework to their partners. Polish couples show a stronger tendency toward an egalitarian division of labor than German couples do, especially in terms of childcare. But the central finding of this research is, gender trumps national differences and spatial mobility constraints. Polish and German women, whether mobile for their work or not, report doing the majority of housework and childcare compared to their partners.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Artikel untersucht die Aufteilung von Hausarbeit und Kinderbetreuung auf Basis von Selbsteinschätzungen berufsbedingt räumlichmobiler sowie nicht mobiler Befragter in Deutschland und Polen. Anhand von Daten des Projektes Job Mobility and Family Lives in Europe (2007) betrachten wir Personen, die mit ihrem Partner in einem Doppelverdienerhaushalt leben. So geben beruflich mobile Männer häufig an, die Hausarbeit auf ihre Partner zu übertragen. Polnische Paare zeigen eine stärkere Tendenz zu einer egalitären Arbeitsteilung als deutsche, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Kinderbetreuung. Das zentrale Ergebnis unserer Untersuchung ist jedoch, dass das Geschlecht sowohl Mobilitäts- als auch nationale Unterschiede überlagert. Sowohl polnische als auch deutsche Frauen, ob beruflich mobil oder nicht, übernehmen den Hauptanteil an der Hausarbeit und Kinderbetreuung.
Introduction to the special issue on Mobility and family: Increasing job mobility – Changing family lives
Authors: Detlev Lück , Schneider Norbert F.
Published: March 2021

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Geographic job mobility and parenthood decisions
Authors: Meil Gerardo
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyse, differentiated by gender, the effects that high geographical job mobility has on parenthood decisions. In particular, in a first part we will examine whether job mobility fosters childlessness and/or postponement of childbearing and if mobility implies a lower family size. In a second part we will analyse how the specific working conditions of mobile people and their resources for balancing working and private lives affect childlessness and postponement of parenthood. The analysis will be based on a representative survey of people aged 25 to 54, performed in six European countries (Germany, France, Spain, Poland, Switzerland and Belgium) in 2007, oversampling mobile people in order to get enough cases to analyse. Results show that the impact of high job mobility on the timing and quantum of parenthood is important, both for men and women, but stronger for the latter. Besides gender, the strength of the impact depends on the duration of job mobility and when it takes place in the lifecycle. Resources for promoting a better balance of working and private lives such as flexitime and teleworking have no clear impact on parenthood decisions, but having a supportive employer facilitates family development of mobile employees. A greater involvement of men in unpaid work does not seem to facilitate fertility decisions of mobile women.

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit hohe berufsbedingte räumliche Mobilität negative Folgen auf die Familienentwicklung hat. Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes wird getrennt nach Geschlecht analysiert, ob Mobilität Kinderlosigkeit fördert, eine Verschiebung des Geburtenkalenders verursacht und ob sie eine Reduktion der Familiengröße zur Folge hat. Darüber hinaus wird in dem zweiten Teil analysiert, welchen Einfluss bestimmte Arbeitsbedingungen sowie die Ressourcen, die Familien zur Verfügung stehen, um Familie und Beruf zu vereinbaren, auf die Entscheidungen bezüglich Elternschaft ausüben. Die Analyse stützt sich auf eine repräsentative Umfrage in sechs europäischen Ländern (Deutschland, Frankreich, Spanien, Polen, Schweiz und Belgien) mit Personen im Alter zwischen 25 und 54 Jahren. Die Daten wurden in 2007 erhoben. Mobile Erwerbstätige wurden überproportional erhoben, um eine ausreichende Fallzahl zu gewährleisten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Auswirkung der Mobilität auf die Familienentwicklung von Bedeutung ist, wobei sich Mobilität von Frauen stärker auswirkt. Darüber hinaus ist von Bedeutung, wann im Lebenslauf Mobilität und Elternschaft stattfinden und wie lange die Phase der mobilen Arbeit andauert. Flexible Arbeitszeiten oder die Möglichkeit, einen Teil der Arbeit zu Hause zu leisten, haben keinen eindeutigen Einfluss auf die Entscheidungen zur Elternschaft von mobilen Erwerbstätigen, wohl aber die Unterstützung durch den Arbeitgeber. Unterstützung seitens des Partners scheint die Entscheidung mobiler Frauen für Kinder nicht zu fördern.
Entwicklung eines neuen multidimensionalen Fragebogens zur Erfassung der Partnerschaftsqualität (FPQ)
Authors: Siffert Andrea , Bodenmann Guy
Published: March 2021

Background: Research on couples is receiving increased attention. There are some questionnaires assessing relationship quality available in German. However, they are not assessing all relevant dimensions of relationship quality. Therefore, an alternative questionnaire to measure relationship quality (FPQ) is presented in this study. Methods: The measure was tested with a total of 244 adults, who were all in a close relationship at that time. The dimensional structure was tested with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: Scale analyses revealed a questionnaire consisting of six subscales (fascination, commitment, sexuality, future of the partnership, mistrust, and constraint autonomy). The internal scale consistencies vary between .78 and .92. Additionally, by using structural equation modeling, a superior factor relationship quality was found. The discriminative validity was confirmed by a group comparison (satisfied and unsatisfied people). Moderate to high correlations with a traditional questionnaire measuring relationship quality and other relevant constructs indicate satisfying convergent validity.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Im deutschen Sprachraum kommt der Partnerschaftsforschung zusehends mehr Gewicht zu. Zwar gibt es im deutschsprachigen Raum einige Fragebögen zur Messung der Partnerschaftsqualität, diese erfassen aber nicht alle relevanten Dimensionen. Deshalb wird in der vorliegenden Studie als Ergänzung zu den bisherigen Fragebögen ein neues Instrument zur Messung der Partnerschaftsqualität (FPQ) vorgestellt. Methodik: Der Fragebogen wurde an einer Stichprobe von 244 Personen getestet, die sich zum Zeitpunkt der Erhebung in einer Partnerschaft befanden. Die dimensionale Struktur wurde mittels explorativer und konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen geprüft. Ergebnisse: Die faktorielle Validitätsprüfung ergab einen Fragebogen bestehend aus sechs Subskalen (Faszination, Engagement für die Beziehung, Sexualität in der Beziehung, Zukunftsperspektive der Beziehung, Misstrauen gegenüber dem Partner und Einschränkung der Freiheit/Unabhängigkeit). Die interne Konsistenz der sechs Subskalen liegt zwischen .75 und .94. Zusätzlich liess sich ein übergeordneter Faktor Partnerschaftsqualität konstruieren. Die diskriminative Validität wurde durch einen Gruppenvergleich (zufriedene und unzufriedene Personen) bestätigt. Die moderaten bis hohen Korrelationen des neuen Fragebogens mit dem Partnerschaftsfragebogen PFB zur Messung der Partnerschaftsqualität und anderen relevanten Konzepten unterstützen die konvergente Validität.
Patterns of immigrant intermarriage in France: Intergenerational marital assimilation?
Authors: Safi Mirna
Published: March 2021

This article provides insight into immigrant intermarriage in France. It describes trends of immigrant marital behaviour between 1976 and 2000, compares intermarriage rates amongst different immigrant groups and pays particular attention to changes in marital behaviour across immigrant generations. The statistical analyses take into account individual factors and contextual effects such as the sex-ratios and sizes of the groups in question. Based on data from the Échantillon démographique permanent (Permanent Demographic Sample, EDP) of the Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), findings point to a stable trend of marital behaviour among immigrant men and women over time, sharp differences in intermarriage rates among groups, and a significant change in the marital behaviour of secondgeneration immigrants, who intermarry much more often than their parents regardless of their origin.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Beitrag gibt Einblick in interethnische Eheschließungen in Frankreich. Es werden Trends des Heiratsverhaltens von Immigrant(inn)en in den Jahren 1976 und 2000 in Frankreich beschrieben, interethnische Eheschließungsraten bei verschiedenen Immigrantengruppen miteinander verglichen, wobei ein besonderes Augenmerk auf Veränderungen im Heiratsverhalten über die Einwanderergenerationen hinweg gerichtet wird. Bei den statistischen Analysen werden sowohl individuelle Faktoren als auch Kontexteffekte, wie z.B. das Geschlechterverhältnis und die Gruppengröße der betreffenden Gruppen, einbezogen. Auf Basis der Daten des Échantillon démographique permanent (demographische Dauerstichprobe) des Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE) deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass es einen über die Zeit stabilen Trend beim Heiratsverhalten von Männern und Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund, sehr deutliche Unterschiede in den interethnischen Eheschließungsraten zwischen den Einwanderergruppen sowie signifikante Veränderungen im Heiratsverhalten der zweiten Generation der Einwanderer gibt. Letztere gehen – unabhängig von ihrer Herkunft – sehr viel häufiger interethnische Ehen als noch ihre Eltern ein.
Familienforschung – Familiensoziologie: Einleitende Bemerkungen
Authors: Tyrell Hartmann
Published: March 2021

In his introductory remarks, the chairman of the Conference on the State of the Art in Family Research – that took place on March 19th and 20th 2006 in Bamberg and was jointly organised by the State Institute for Family Research at the University of Bamberg and the Zeitschrift für Familienforschung (Journal of Family Research) – comments on the relationship between family psychology and family sociology, on the increasing impact of rational-choice theory on family sociology as well as on the debate on stability and change of the overall concept of family during the 20th century that was so vibrant during this conference. The author concludes his remarks by pleading for a decomposition of the concept of the family as an all encompassing unit.

Zusammenfassung

In diesen einleitenden Bemerkungen nimmt der Moderator der Familienwissenschaftlichen Konferenz Stellung zum Verhältnis zwischen Familienpsychologie und Familiensoziologie, zum wachsenden Einfluss der Rational-Choice-Theorie auf letztere, sowie zur während der Tagung recht lebhaften Debatte über Stabilität und Wandel des Familienleitbildes im 20. Jahrhundert. Abschließend plädiert er für eine Dekomposition des so stark einheitsbetonten Familienbegriff.
Introduction to the special issue: Family change among immigrants. Examples from Germany and Sweden
Authors: Sørensen Annemette
Published: March 2021

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Confecção de maquetes geológicas
Authors: Mauri Sandro , Schettino Vítor Roberto , Marques Rodson de Abreu , Soares Caroline Cibele Vieira , Gouvêa Lucas Pequeño
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho traz a experiência da confecção de uma maquete geológica na escala de 1:20.000 da Serra do Caparaó, monumento geológico complexo do sudeste brasileiro, com o objetivo de ilustrar aspectos da geologia regional e definir uma rotina para construção de maquetes didáticas. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de campo e dados espaciais em ambiente SIG para projeção do relevo sobre placas de isopor a partir de curvas de nível. Os resultados da confecção da maquete compreendem um modelo tridimensional da geologia da Serra do Caparaó e a proposta de um roteiro para confecção de maquetes didáticas. As primeiras exposições da maquete ao público proporcionaram boa interação da sociedade com as informações geológicas da região, com a introdução de conceitos de Geomorfologia, Geologia Estrutural, Cartografia e Geodiversidade.
Branner
Authors: Assis Junior Heitor de
Published: March 2021

A História das Ciências, os artigos e os livros científicos escritos a partir de dados colhidos em trabalhos de campo, associados às artes da pintura e da fotografia, podem suavizar a aprendizagem de conhecimentos que, muitas vezes, se apresentam áridos para os estudantes. Este artigo abordou quatro formações geomorfológicas observadas em campo pelo geólogo John Casper Branner durante visitas ao Brasil no final do século XIX e início do XX e suas interpretações dos fenômenos geológicos que lhes deram causa. Tais formações geomorfológicas resultaram em paisagens fitogeográficas que também foram registradas pelo naturalista Martius, na primeira metade do século XIX, com o auxílio de desenhistas e pintores, pois foi na segunda metade do século que fotógrafos passaram a registrar com equipamentos fotográficos que estavam em franco desenvolvimento. Dados desses trabalhos naturalísticos foram convertidos em sugestões didáticas para professores de Ciências e de Ciências da Terra.
Transformation of entrepreneur education programs (EEPS) of Indonesia’s higher education
Authors: Handayani Erna , Haryono Siswoyo , Darmawan Akhmad
Published: March 2021

The Entrepreneurship Education Program (EEPs) of Indonesia’s higher education has not been effective. The study aims to identify the extent to which EEPs in Indonesia was developed and propose several alternative schemes. The research uses the methodology of traditional narrative literature review and interviews with young entrepreneurs as the output of the EEPs higher education program in Indonesia. The analysis technique is done with an interactive model with steps of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, verification, and conclusions.  The literature study is intended for the latest research information that evaluates the effect of EEPs on the formation of EM and the formation of new entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the information is verified by the results of the interview data processing. Entrepreneurship education for multidisciplinary students, business incubators, funding provision, and program sustainability studies is the result of research as a proposal for the development of higher education EEPs. This program is part of a long-term solution to addressing labor problems in Indonesia.
“No” to placebo-controlled trials of Covid-19 vaccines
Authors: Ahmad Aasim , Dhrolia Murtaza F
Published: March 2021

Recently the WHO Ad Hoc Expert Group proposed that it is ethical to continue placebo-controlled Covid-19 vaccine trials in countries where vaccines are not available even if this vaccine is marketed and being used elsewhere. The reason for this proposal is the usual scientific argument claiming that these trials are the most efficient method to obtain reliable results, and individuals in these countries will continue to get the local standard of care, meaning no vaccination, and thus participants are not being left worse off. We refute this argument on two counts. First the global equity and justice issue, that the scarcity of vaccines in most countries is created by the rich nations that have hoarded vaccines. Second, the science versus research ethics issue, that there are valid scientific methods like non-inferiority trials which can give reliable results, and that applying a standard of care imposed by rich nations is both unethical and possibly exploitative. Thus, we feel that the WHO Ad Hoc Expert Group is wrong in proposing to continue placebo-controlled Covid-19 vaccine trials.
A brief history of taxol
Authors: Żwawiak Justyna , Zaprutko Lucjusz
Published: March 2021

Traditional application of plant in folk medicine is a base for discovery of new active chemical substances. In the second half of 20th century, significant antitumor activity of extract from bark of the Yew tree was recognized. The compound that was responsible for this kind of properties has called taxol and had structure of diterpene with acyl groups. Low availability forced researchers to find different ways of taxol gaining. In the further years, many synthetic and semi-synthetic methods were developed. Nowadays, biotechnological methods with use of cell suspension cultures are introduced.
The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors – alternative clinical applications
Authors: Stanisz Beata , Regulska Katarzyna , Regulski Miłosz
Published: March 2021

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have emerged as a useful strategy in the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular system-related diseases. However, a wide range of their biological effects has turned the scientific interest towards other possible clinical applications of these drugs. The present review demonstrates the available data on the reported angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors – based therapies in the treatment of the following human disturbances: cancer, obesity, Barrett syndrome, erythrocytosis, a high-dose-chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, Marfan syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, migraine, Raynaud’s syndrome and Alzheimer disease.
The history of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus research
Authors: Bruś-Chojnicka Aleksandra , Bura Maciej , Chojnicki Michał , Śmieińska Walentyna , Pawlaczyk Mariola , Mozer-Lisewska Iwona
Published: March 2021

The authors summarize the current knowledge of the beginnings of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Most of the studies have so far supported the theory that HIV infections had in their initial years been a typical zoonosis which had been present among African tribes for over 300 years. Most likely, infection was transferred from monkeys, particularly from chimpanzees, on multiple occasions. The most recent publications allow us to describe the transfer of the virus into humans, and new epidemiological data allow us to carry out analysis of the global spread of the virus. Studies of histopathological samples taken from patients in the 1960s have cast new light on the issue of virus presence in the US population, and the previous theories tracking the beginning of infections to the 1980s have had to be modified. Greater awareness of pandemic mechanisms should allow for more effective future counteraction of the spread of new pathogens.
Children and youth in forensic-medical views of Edmund Chróścielewski (1914–1998). Recollections on the centenary of his birthday
Authors: Przybylski Zygmunt , Krawczyński Marian
Published: March 2021

Edmund Chróścielewski (1914–1998), professor, head of the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School in Poznań (1952–1985), political prisoner in concentration camp of Auschwitz, a soldier of the Home Army, participant of Warsaw Uprising, author of approximately 200 publications, i.a. within scopes of forensic medicine, social problems, war and occupation, including martyrology of Polish children, participant in identification of bodies in Katyń graves, multi-year guardian of the University Sports Club (AZS).
Brain segmentation unmasks association between body composition and central nervous system structures
Authors: Katulska Katarzyna , Wykrętowicz Mateusz , Piskorski Jarosław
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Excess body fat is currently the major health problem. We suggest that marker of fatness like BMI or percent of body fat are associated with gray matter volume (GMV) or brain areas responsible for cognitive functions.Material and methods. Study was performed in 89 healthy individuals (mean age 58 yrs, 51 women). For brain segmentation and GMV we used whole-brain, high-resolution 3D T1-weighted images. For assessment of the fat content as a proportion of total body mass a bio-impedance analyzer was used. Result. GMV was correlated, significantly and negatively with age but was not associated either with BMI nor body fat content. Body fat content was significantly and negatively associated with hippocampus and thalamus.Conclusion. We demonstrate that brain segmentation was able to unmask the association between body fat content and brain structures particularly involved in cognitive function.
Monogenic diabetes – an unappreciated problem among physicians
Authors: Niechciał Elżbieta , Skowrońska Bogda , Gertig-Kolasa Anna , Krzyśko Izabela , Fichna Piotr
Published: March 2021

Monogenic diabetes results from one or more mutations in a single gene. It is a relatively rare genetic condition, therefore, it was frequently unappreciated among clinicians. Consequently, monogenic diabetes is misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. Such misclassification leads to an inappropriate treatment, often inconvenient for the patients, such as insulin injections with their permanent glycemic control. The correct diagnosis may completely change previous methods of treatment. Patients diagnosed with GCK mutations may be completely treated with adequate diet. HNF1A/HNF4A affected patients are extremely sensitive to low dose sulphonylureas. Moreover, the exact diagnosis has an impact on patients’ relatives. Mostly, misdiagnosing of monogenic diabetes is caused by its rare occurrence and insufficient training in this area among physicians. According to different studies it may comprise 1–4% of all cases of diabetes. The aim of this article is to emphasize that despite the fact that monogenic diabetes is an uncommon disease, it should always be considered in cases of diabetes with unusual course.
Metaphysical principles of causality and normativity in philosophy of education
Authors: Bakhtin M. V.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the metaphysical foundations of the philosophy of education, which are considered as sources of modeling the image of the future person, as well as the commission of certain actions. It investigates the evolution of these principles during the human civilization development. The principle of causality, considered as a fundamental ontological characteristic of being, suggests that a person can realize his desire for freedom only by subordinating his life to a universal objective law. Every phenomenon is seen in a causal perspective as a consequence of some cause and at the same time as the cause of some other effect.
The U.S.–Lithuanian Defense Cooperation and Arms Acquisition from the U.S.
Authors: Palavenis Donatas
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study is to characterize the U.S. and Lithuanian defense cooperation from 1990–2020 including arms procurements. Findings suggest close defense cooperation between countries at Presidential, Congressional, and Defense Ministry/Secretary levels. The most developed cooperation areas are joint participation in international operations, improvements of the Lithuanian Armed Forces’ capabilities, and an increase of the U.S. military presence in the Baltic region. An analysis of Lithuanian defense procurements between 1990–2020 indicates that the majority of defense armaments were acquired from the U.S. using the Foreign Military Sales venue while other options to obtain armaments were not used.
К обоснованию метода интегральной сходимости исследования точности разностных схем сквозного счета
Authors: Остапенко Владимир Викторович , Ostapenko Vladimir Viktorovich , Хандеева Надежда Александровна , Khandeeva Nadezhda Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2021

Дано обоснование метода интегральной сходимости исследования точности конечно-разностных схем сквозного счeта при численном моделировании ударных волн, распространяющихся с переменной скоростью. Для этого порядок интегральной сходимости определяется при помощи серии численных расчeтов на семействе вложенных разностных сеток, что позволяет моделировать непрерывное по пространству разностное решение соответствующей задачи Коши. Такой подход применяется для исследования точности явных разностных схем Русанова, TVD и WENO, имеющих повышенный порядок классической аппроксимации, а также неявной компактной схемы с искусственной вязкостью четвeртого порядка дивергентности, имеющей третий порядок как классической, так и слабой аппроксимации.
Компактные и монотонные разностные схемы для параболических уравнений
Authors: Матус Петр Павлович , Matus Petr Pavlovich , Утебаев Бахадыр Даулетбай улы , Utebaev Bakhadir Dauletbai ugli
Published: March 2021

В настоящей работе рассматриваются компактные и монотонные разностные схемы четвертого порядка аппроксимации для линейных, полулинейных и квазилинейных уравнений параболического типа. Для уравнения Фишера доказывается монотонность, устойчивость и сходимость предложенных методов в равномерной норме $L_\infty$ или $C$. Полученные результаты обобщаются на квазилинейные параболические уравнения с нелинейностями типа пористой среды. В работе на абстрактном уровне дается определение монотонности разностной схемы в нелинейном случае. Проведенный вычислительный эксперимент иллюстрирует эффективность рассматриваемых методов. В статье указывается способ определения порядка скорости сходимости предложенных методов на основе метода Рунге в случае наличия нескольких переменных и различных порядков по разным переменным.
Towards ultra-latency using deep learning in 5G Network Slicing applying Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Graph Construction
Authors: Gupta Rohit Kumar , Pannu Praduman , Misra Rajiv
Published: March 2021

The 5G Network Slicing with SDN and NFV have expended to support new-verticals such as intelligent transport, industrial automation, remote healthcare. Network slice is intended as parameter configurations and a collection of logical network functions to support particular service requirements. The network slicing resource allocation and prediction in 5G networks is carried out using network Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) from the connection request made by the devices on joining the network. We explore derived features as the network non-KPI parameters using the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) graph construction. In this paper, we use kNN graph construction algorithms to augment the dataset with triangle count and cluster coecient properties for ecient and reliable network slice. We used deep learning neural network model to simulate our results with KPIs and KPIs with non-KPI parameters. Our novel approach found that at k=3 and k=4 of the kNN graph construction gives better results and overall accuracy is imroved around 29%.
Realization of Filter/Inverse Filter Topologies using single FTFNTA
Authors: Singh Ravendra , Prasad Dinesh
Published: March 2021

In this manuscript, two different topologies are presented for the realization of a conventional filter/inverse filter using the Four Terminal Floating Nullor Transconductance Amplifier (FTFNTA). The first topology can synthesize the inverse low-pass (ILP), inverse high-pass (IHP), and inverse band-pass (IBP) filter with applicable impedance choices. Subsequently, another topology that can synthesize conventional low-pass (LP), and band-pass (BP) active filter, as well as inverse high-pass (IHP), and inverse band-pass (IBP) filter from the same circuit topology with a viable solution of impedances as resistor/capacitor. To verify the workability of both topologies, SPICE simulation is performed using 180nm CMOS TSMC technology.
An Improved and Low-dimensional Fingerprint-based Localization Method in Collocated Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems
Authors: Moosavi Seyedeh Samira , Fortier Paul
Published: March 2021

Localization has drawn significant attention in 5G due to the fast-growing demand for location-based service (LBS). Massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) has been introduced in 5G as a powerful technology due to its evident potentials for communication performance enhancement and localization in complicated environments. Fingerprint-based (FP) localization are promising methods for rich scattering environments thanks to their high reliability and accuracy. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) method could be used as an FP-based localization method to facilitate localization and provide high accuracy. However, this method has high computational complexity, especially in large-scale environments. In this study, we propose an improved and low-dimensional FP-based localization method in collocated massive MIMO orthogonal frequency division

multiplexing (OFDM) systems using principal component analysis (PCA), the affinity propagation clustering (APC) algorithm, and Gaussian process regression (GPR) to estimate the user's location. Fingerprints are first extracted based on instantaneous channel state information (CSI) by taking full advantage of the high-resolution angle and delay domains. First, PCA is used to pre-process data and reduce the feature dimension. Then, the training fingerprints are clustered using the APC algorithm to increase prediction accuracy and reduce computation complexity. Finally, each cluster's data distribution is accurately modelled using GPR to provide support for further localization. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method improves localization performance significantly by reducing the location estimation error. Additionally, it reduces the matching complexity and computational complexity.
A Novel Feature Extraction Based Person Recognition Using Local Phase Quantization and Geometric Features
Authors: Karuppanan P , Dhanalakshmi K.
Published: March 2021

At present, it is simple for everyone to generate digital pictures of their routine life and use them for different purposes. Similarly, facial recognition is a trending technology that can identify or verify an individual from a video frame or digital image from any source. There are numerous techniques involved in the working principle of facial recognition. But the simplified method is feature extraction by comparing the particular facial features of the images from the collected dataset. Multiple algorithms are existing for feature extraction, but they fail to give high accuracy. The proposed algorithm based on deep learning provides a high recognition rate by using a convolutional neural network for classification. For feature extraction, Local Phase quantization, Geometric-based features, and directional graph-based methods are implemented. Various performance metrics, such as recognition rate, classification accuracy, accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score is evaluated. The proposed method achieves high-performance values when it is compared with other existing methods. It is mainly developed to calculate the casual visit of a person to the mall, and it is also deployed for criminal identification.
Design of Adaptive Array Antenna for Wireless Communications
Authors: Kumar Pramod , P. Shiwani Y. , Kumari H. K. Kanchana
Published: March 2021

In the ad hoc networks, it consists of many sensor nodes, and each sensor node is equipped with five units. The transmission unit cares for the transmission and receiving of data through the antenna. In this paper, the microstrip patch and 1x2 array antennas are designed and fabricated. The results of simulated and measured results are compared at operating frequency 5.4GHz. The results show the enhancement in the bandwidth and low VSWR which shows the maximum radiation of power. The array antenna can be operated for the wideband with better reflection coefficient, gain, bandwidth, and VSWR and radiation pattern. This smart antenna is self-efficient to configure with multiple high directivity beam to save the power, range and use reuse of channels. Such smart antennas are used for the ad-hoc network, Wi-Fi, UWB, and high-speed LTE applications.
Long-range magnetic order in real icosahedral quasicrystals
Authors: Tamura Ryuji , Ishikawa Asuka , Suzuki Shintaro , Kotajima Akihiro , Tanaka Yujiro , Seki Takehito , Shibata Naoya , Yamada Tsunetomo , Fujii Takenori , Wang Chin-Wei , Avdeev Maxim , Sato Taku
Published: March 2021

Quasicrystals (QCs), first discovered in 1984, generally do not exhibit long-range magnetic order. Here, we report on long-range magnetic order in the real icosahedral quasicrystals (i QCs) Au–Ga–Gd and Au–Ga–Tb. The Au65Ga20Gd15 i QC exhibits a ferromagnetic transition at TC = 23 K, manifested as a sharp anomaly in both magnetic-susceptibility and specific-heat measurements. Quick magnetic saturation to almost the full moment (7μB/Gd3+) is observed under 100 Oe at 2 K. This is the first observation of long-range magnetic order in a real quasicrystal, in contrast to the spin-glass-like behaviours observed for the other magnetic quasicrystals found to date. Moreover, when Gd is replaced by Tb, i.e. for the Au65Ga20Tb15 i QC, a ferromagnetic behaviour is still retained with TC = 16 K. Although the sharp anomaly in the specific heat observed for the Au65Ga20Gd15 i QC is significantly broadened upon Tb substitution, neutron-diffraction experiments clearly show the marked development of magnetic Bragg peaks below TC, indicating long-range magnetic order for the Au65Ga20Tb15 i QC also. Our findings can contribute to the further investigation of exotic magnetic orders formed on real quasiperiodic lattices with unprecedented highest global symmetry, i.e. icosahedral symmetry.
Model for Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Coal Based Electricity Generation in India
Authors: Shah Binita , Unnikrishnan Seema
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study evaluates the environmental efficiency of coal-based electricity generation in India. The study further proposes a new paradigm of life cycle assessment model named CEEPA - Coal Electricity Environmental Performance Assessment (CEEPA). Methods: Life cycle assessment methodology has been used to quantify the impacts of electricity generation from coal. An emission revision model based on pollution and waste produced and its effect categories were proposed after an analytical comparison between three coal-fired thermal power plants in different regions of the country.ReCiPe method was used to conduct the assessment in this study. Software SimaPro was used for LCA analysis. The study was carried out “from cradle to gate” and the functional unit was 1 KWh electricity at the consumer levelResults: The total Global Warming Potential (GWP) values for the three power plants (PP1, PP2 & PP3) are 1,100 g CO2eq/kWh, 1,287 g CO2eq/kWh and 898 g CO2eq/kWh respectively. PP1, PP2 uses Indian coal for electricity generation which is supplied domestically and later sent to the grid, whereas PP3 uses Indonesian coal.Conclusion: The evaluation performed in this study illustrate the latest environmental assessment situation for various technologies in power generation. It also provides an opportunity to suggest areas for possible improvements in the existing electricity generation system based on the quality and quantity of coal used. The empirical findings indicate that the production of coal-based electricity generation has a substantial effect on the use of natural resources, the environment and human health. The implementation of high-efficiency low emission coal-fired power plants is the first step along a pathway to near-zero emissions from coal with carbon capture, use, and storage.
Security and Privacy Issues of IoT at Fog Layer Architecture
Authors: Michael Vinay
Published: March 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) based applications and systems are gaining attention in the recent days because of their vast benefits such as efficient utilization of resources, enhanced data collection, improved security, lesser human efforts and reduced time. Security of sensitive data in IoT based fog environments is inevitable to prevent those data to be misused by the attackers. In this study, we present an improved hybrid algorithm termed as HQCP-ABE (Hybrid Quantum key Cipher text Policy Attribute based Encryption with Cipher text update) that integrates highly effective algorithms such as CP-ABE, Quantum key cryptography and cipher text update. The proposed algorithm eliminates the need of costly pairing during decryptions and efficiently performs data encryption, decryption and user authorization. The proposed protocol is demonstrated to be highly efficient in terms of encryption and decryption while compared to other existing methods. It also achieves lesser packet loss, reduced control overheads, reduced computational overhead during encryption and decryption processes, lesser delay, improved security, packet delivery ratio, throughput, network lifetime with limited bandwidth and user privacy. We further considered energy consumption in this study. The proposed HQCP-ABE method is demonstrated using ns3 simulation and compared with existing CP-ABE and PA-CPABE methods.
dentification of novel insulin resistance related ceRNA network: LncRNA, RP11‐773H22.4; miR-3163, miR-1; mRNAs:RET , IGF1-R, m-TOR, GLUT-4, AKT2 in T2DM and its potential editing by CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Matboli Marwa , Kamel Marwa Mostafa , Essawy Nada , Bekhit Meram Mohamed , Abdulrahman Basant , Mohamed Ghada , Eissa Sanaa
Published: March 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to construct Insilco, a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) network linked to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance followed by its experimental validation in patients’, matched control and cell line samples. And also, to evaluate the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 as a potential therapeutic strategy to modulate the expression of this deregulated network. By applying bioinformatic tools, we identified and verified a ceRNA network panel of lncRNA, miRNAs and mRNAs related to insulin resistance and then we validated its expression in 123 patients’ and 106 matched controls and cell line samples using real time PCR. Results: LncRNA-RP11‐773H22.4, together with RET , IGF1-R and m-TOR mRNAs showed significant upregulation in T2DM compared with matched controls while miRNAs: miR-3163, miR-1 and mRNAs: GLUT-4 and AKT2 expression displayed marked downregulation in diabetic samples.Two guide RNAs were designed to target the sequence flanking LncRNA/miRNAs interaction by CRISPER/Cas9 in cell culture. Gene editing tool efficacy was assessed by measurement of the network downstream proteins, GLUT4 and mTOR by immunofluorescence. CRISPR/Cas9 successfully knockout LncRNA-RP11-773H22.4 as evidenced by the reversal of the gene expression of the identified network at RNA and protein levels to the normal expression pattern after gene editing. Conclusion: The presented study provides the significance of this ceRNA based network and its related target genes panel both in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and as a therapeutic target for gene editing in T2DM.
Determinants of health-related quality of life in patients with celiac disease: a structural equation modeling
Authors: Nikniaz Zeinab , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Shirmohammadi Masood , Nikniaz Leila
Published: March 2021

Purpose

We employed the structure equation modeling (SEM) for investigating the determinants of Helath-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Iranian patients with celiac disease (CD).

Methods

In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 170 patients with CD were recruited. The information regarding adherence to diet, symptom severity and HRQOL were collected using celiac disease adherence test (CDAT), gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) and SF-36 questionnaire respectively. Association between various studied variables and HRQOL was assessed using SEM. The standardized regression weights was used to assess total, direct and indirect effects. The model fit was assessed to determine the “goodness of fit” between the hypothesized model.

Results

The mean age of participants was 37.57 ± 9.59 years. The results of SEM indicated that the overall fit of our model was acceptable. Adherence to the diet, GSRS score, occupation, and education level were significantly related to PCS of SF-36; and adherence to the diet, GSRS score, and education level were significantly correlated to MCS of SF-36. The analysis of indirect effect indicated that only adherence to diet indirectly via GSRS score was significantly associated with PCS and MCS of SF-36. There were significant differences between males and females regarding the relationship between education and adherence to diet (p<0.001) and education level and MCS of SF-36 (p=0.03).

Conclusion

In adult patients with celiac disease, HRQoL was affected by age, education level, adherence to GFD, and GSRS score. Additionally, occupation and disease duration were associated with HRQoL only in women and men respectively.