bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El patrimônio del Museo Etnográfico Juan B. Ambrosetti de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina: actividades y reflexiones en un museo universitarioe en el marco de la inclusión
Authors: Beron Monica Alejandra , Pegoraro Andrea Silvia
Published: February 2022

En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar algunos cambios que venimos impulsando en el Museo Etnográfico Juan B. Ambrosetti, a través de la realización de actividades que nos permiten afirmarnos en nuestro carácter de museo antropológico y universitario en una nueva coyuntura social, política y cultural que propone la inclusión de otras voces, otras miradas y sujetos sociales. En este sentido mostraremos de qué manera las colecciones del Museo, como patrimonio universitario, a través de sus exhibiciones y actividades, han sido utilizadas y reutilizadas para adquirir distintos significados en las exhibiciones, incorporando nuevos temas de discusión y proyectos de investigación en sintonía con los paradigmas de inclusión que están llevando a cabo este tipo de instituciones. Asimismo transmitimos algunas reflexiones, que han surgido de las mismas actividades que venimos desarrollando, que pueden ayudar a pensar las funciones que debe sostener un museo universitario para encuadrarse dentro de un discurso y de prácticas inclusivas.
História de um centro de memória e história da educação: o Programa de Estudos e Documentação Educação e Sociedade – PROEDES-FE/UFRJ
Authors: Xavier Libânia Nacif , Fernandes Ana Lucia Cunha
Published: February 2022

Este texto apresenta uma reflexão sobre os limites e as potencialidades inerentes às atividades de organização e manutenção de um centro de memória e documentação dentro de uma universidade pública. Descreve-se a trajetória de construção do Programa de Estudos e Documentação Educação e Sociedade (Proedes) da Faculdade de Educação (FE) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) desde a sua fundação, passando pela sua expansão, bem como pelas suas tendências mais recentes em projetos que articulam atividades de ensino-pesquisa-extensão e trabalham, de forma conjunta, a formação de professores e pesquisadores. Por fim, o artigo faz algumas considerações sobre as possibilidades e os desafios que se colocam na atualidade para a preservação da memória.
Projeto PUC Museus: práxis museológica desenvolvida na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP)
Authors: Pasqualucci Luciana
Published: February 2022

O artigo apresenta o Projeto PUC Museus, que consiste em uma práxis museológica desenvolvida na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), por meio de sua Assessoria de Relações Internacionais e Institucionais, a partir de 2017. Os fundamentos teóricos da reflexão têm como base a articulação entre educação e cultura e, por conseguinte, universidade e museu. Abordando a formação cultural pela perspectiva da teoria crítica de Theodor Adorno, bem como a prática museológica como exercício do fato museal sob inspiração da definição de Museologia de Waldisa Rússio, a argumentação identifica claramente a relação entre currículo do ensino superior e cultura como possibilidade de desterritorialização da sala de aula e dos espaços da universidade e do museu. Igualmente, ao compreender a formação como apropriação subjetiva da cultura, conforme a teoria de Adorno, o estudo propõe a integração interdisciplinar e institucional entre universidade e museu como alternativa de inovação em práticas cognitivas, curriculares e culturais.
A Imigração Alemã na Literatura Brasileira: uma breve análise
Authors: Kuhlmann Mariana Corallo M. de A.
Published: February 2022

O artigo propõe uma análise da passagem do imigrante alemão na literatura brasileira, com o intuito de observar a capacidade da literatura em registrar e representar aspectos históricos e aspectos socioculturais que condicionam comportamentos assumidos pela sociedade em determinadas épocas. Adiante, serão destacadas quatro obras, que serão brevemente analisadas, que retratam a imigração alemã, o que proporcionará uma conceituação mais prática da análise efetuada inicialmente e do percurso da imigração alemã na literatura brasileira: “Canaã” (Graça Aranha, 1905), “O Continente” (Erico Verissimo, 1949), “A Ferro e Fogo” (Josué Guimarães, 1972) e “Videiras de Cristal” (Luiz Antonio de Assis, 1990)
Indústria Cultural e o espetáculo: os contrastes teóricos entre a Escola de Frankfurt e os Estudos Culturais Contemporâneos.
Authors: Da Costa Thiago Ramires
Published: February 2022

As teorias concebidas sob o viés marxista expressam sua percepção catastrófica da sociedade de consumo. A Escola de Frankfurt, através do discurso de Adorno, intitula de indústria cultural a inclusão das artes no sistema planificado e estruturado de mercantilização da cultura, além de colocá-la como manipuladora das massas para a contemplação passiva. Debord inaugura o conceito de sociedade do espetáculo e nos revela uma sociedade contemporânea pautada pelo consumo de imagens. Contudo, os estudos culturais complexificam algumas questões levantadas pela Escola de Frankfurt e pelos situacionistas, refletindo os novos modos de ser e a cultura da mídia instaurada pela indústria do entretenimento, lançando mão de um novo campo aberto para as problemáticas da sociedade contemporânea - um pensamento crítico aberto e flexível, subvertendo a distinção entre cultura superior e inferior
Trilhando o Percurso da Construção Nacional
Authors: Viana Kaleandra do Nascimento , Sacramento Sandra Maria Pereira do
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho tem como finalidade expor a instigante temática acerca do que pode ser considerado como produto nacional, em se tratando de cultura em território brasileiro. Renato Ortiz, na obra Cultura Brasileira e identidade Nacional, expõe questionamentos na tentativa de compreender a cultura brasileira e a formação da identidade nacional. Por meio de dados históricos, o autor apresenta personagens influentes, fatos, adversidades e as conquistas deste processo
Helenismos no Léxico da Língua Portuguesa
Authors: Silva Brian Galdino da
Published: February 2022

Dentro do estudo da Lingüística Histórica, podemos nos debruçar sobre a investigação das entradas lexicais de determinada língua. No caso deste artigo a língua em questão é a Língua Portuguesa e suas entradas lexicais as advindas da Língua Helênica, seja através do Latim, que serviu de base para a Língua Portuguesa, seja através de empréstimos tardios com a evolução da mesma e o grande avanço científico-tecnológico experimentado pela humanidade ao final do século XIX e seguintes. Assim este artigo tentará, através de exemplos, ilustrar as entradas lexicais com base morfológica grega na Língua Portuguesa
A Linguagem da Performance, da Publicidade e da Propaganda: diálogos entre arte e existência
Authors: Suzano Junior Luiz Carlos Cardoso , Amorim Sara Passabon
Published: February 2022

A linguagem da performance dialoga com a publicidade e propaganda, ao passo que essas três vertentes se relacionam com o homem como um fazedor de arte e que existe num tempo/espaço próprio. Através dos fundamentos da arte da performance, da publicidade de guerrilha e dos conceitos da propaganda, a pesquisa expõe os diálogos dessas comunicações provocativas e expressivas no âmbito social e da expressão humana. Percorre-se o sentido dos elementos tomados para observação: a encenação “Arte e Existência: uma performance artaudiana” e a campanha de propaganda de guerrilha do filme “The Dark Knight”, nomeada “Why So Serious?”. O olhar comparativo entre as duas produções é desenvolvido a partir de um diálogo entre as linguagens adotadas e as ideologias na qual as duas se baseiam
Nos Embalos da Embalagem: a doce comunicação do Leite Moça
Authors: Meneghetti Maria Eduarda Zorél
Published: February 2022

Muitas vezes os profissionais de comunicação não se atendam à importância das embalagens no dia-a-dia, ou mesmo quando alguns se dão conta disso, ainda assim não lhe destinam o devido respeito, desperdiçando, dessa forma, a potencialidade dessa poderosa integrante do produto, do marketing e, também, da comunicação. Assim, esse artigo busca refletir sobre a inestimável relevância que deve ser relegada, por direito, aos invólucros a fim de despertar nossos olhos para uma das formas mais bem consagradas da identidade da empresa. Com a finalidade de evidenciar o aspecto comunicativo da embalagem, analisamos os traços de maior destaque da embalagem do Leite Moça no decorrer dos anos com o intuito de elucidar a relevância da embalagem com também despertar de vez nossa mentalidade para a sua importância
Verdade e Pesadelo em 'O Estranho Misterioso' de Mark Twain
Authors: Skare Nils Goran
Published: February 2022

Este artigo analisa a novela O Estranho Misterioso de Mark Twain à luz do pensamento de três teóricos: Jacques Lacan, Jacques Derrida e Julia Kristeva. Do primeiro extraimos o nó borromeano e elementos de sua semiótica; do segundo noções de suplemento, clausura e différance; da terceira a analítica das práticas de significação. Com isso elaboramos um conceito próprio de ritmo. Abordando a obra identificamos o personagem Satan como significante-fálico e o sonho como significante-mestre. Elaboramos então o ritmo de cada um, o que nos leva à afirmação lacaniana de que “a verdade é estruturada como ficção”, bem como à análise do texto como pesadelo. Concluimos comentando o contraste no ritmo satânico que impulsiona a narrativa e a espectralidade do ato de ler, além de notas para traduções e estudos posteriores
Dez anos depois
Authors: Aarts Paul
Published: February 2022

A autoimolação do vendedor de rua tunisiano Mohammed Bouazizi em 17 de dezembro de 2010 levou a uma onda de protestos no mundo árabe. Agora, o pessimismo reina por toda parte. Guerras (civis), repressão e desemprego crescente assolam a região como nunca antes. A “dupla crise” do mercado petrolífero em colapso e da COVID-19 aprofundou ainda mais os problemas existentes. A Primavera Árabe estava fadada ao fracasso? Por qual lente devemos olhar para compreender o potencial das ondas de protestos?
Athletic identity as a predictor of self-effi cacy among people with diff erent level of involvement into physical activity
Authors: Kushniruk Anastasiya V.
Published: February 2022

Background. Success and obtaining the highest results are one of the most important phenomena in modern society. Self-eff ectiveness directly infl uences the indicators that are the most topical in the context of maximal achievement, namely in professional sport. Scientists have earlier found positive correlation between physical activity and self-effi - cacy. However, the question on the place of athletic identity in connection between physical activity and self-effi cacy remains unsolved. Objective. Th e study of correlation between physical activity, athletic identity and self-effi cacy. Design. 200 participants with diff erent levels of involvement into physical activity and sport took part in our study. In ourstudy B.W. Brewer’s “Athletic identity measurement scale” and R. Schwarzer and M. Jerusalem’s “General self-effi cacy scale” were used. Results. We statistically proved that there is positive correlation between physical activity level, athletic identity and self-effi cacy. Conclusion. Athletic identity is a predictor of self-effi cacy among people who are involved in sport and physical activity and the higher is the level of athletic identity the higher is self-effi cacy. Correlation of these phenomena among people who are uninvolved into physical activity is not found.
Criteria for evaluating the results of psychodiagnostic monitoring in the EMERCOM of Russia
Authors: Tarasova Anastasiya A. , Shoigu Yuliya S. , Tsybulia Vera I.
Published: February 2022

Background is determined by the fact that in the course of their professional activities, specialists of EMERCOM of Russia undergo periodic dynamic monitoring of their psychological state in order to identify the presence and severity of consequences associated with the performance of professional tasks. In this regard, it became necessary to defi ne clear parameters on the basis of which it is possible to determine the changes that have occurred and are occurring, as well as the preparation of the corresponding program and psycho psycho-correction activities. Th e objective is to derive criteria that will be used to divide the examined specialists of EMERCOM of Russia into groups that determine the need and specifi cs of psychoprophylactic and psychocorrective measures. Design. Specialists of EMERCOM of Russia (n = 2979) were examined on 44 indicators, 40 of which relate to the study of cognitive and emotional-personal spheres, 4 — to the study of the psychophysiological sphere. Based on the assigned qualitative score, descriptive statistics (M, σ), and cluster analysis, the sample is divided into 3 groups; the Mann–Whitney test determines how diff erent the groups are from each other. By results of factor and correlation analysis (Spearman), the structure of indicators is obtained, with a negative change in which a corrective eff ect is necessary. Results obtained allowed us to statistically establish that the groups diff er depending on the degree of change in the studied parameters, the current state and individual psychophysiological characteristics of each individual examined specialists of EMERCOM of Russia (p = 0.000); factor and correlation analyses (p ≤ 0.05) allowed us to identify 5 blocks of indicators, on the basis of which the direction and specifi city of the correction is determined. Conclusion. Th e fi rst selected criteria is not only a contribution to the psycho-diagnostic soft ware available professional contingent emergency, but also allows the specialists of the psychological service of EMERCOM of Russia to allocate the surveyed employees of EMERCOM of Russia in 3 groups depending on the number and severity of the studied parameters, with the aim of selecting the optimal psychoprophylactic and psychocorrective measures for each of the subjects (group 1 — a condition that does not require correction, group 2 — psychological prevention, group 3 — psychological correction).
Ergonomic design and implementation of a wakefulness control device for a railway train driver
Authors: Mikhailova Natalia A. , Nikolaev Artur Yu. , Noskova Olga G.
Published: February 2022

Relevance. Th e article is devoted to the problem of monitoring the functional state of the operator, this topic has been and remains important, in particular, in the context of ensuring the safety of railway transport. Purpose of the study. Analysis of the design and implementation of an automated telemechanical system for monitoring the wakefulness of railway drivers (TSMWRD), introduced in 1996, based on the registration of electrodermal activity (galvanic skin reaction). Research objective. Th e selected method of monitoring the state of wakefulness and the algorithm of the operator’s actions in the event of diagnosing undesirable characteristics of the state during use (TSMWRD) can create additional stress conditions for drivers and increase the risk of accidents and violations of the rules. Procedure and research methods. Th e research used the analysis of literature data. A qualitative empirical study was also carried out. It included a psychological analysis of the activities of modern railway drivers of various types, analysis of technical documentation, a method of conversation with train drivers, a method of structured interview with a group of class train drivers who are improving their qualifi cations (8 people). Results. Modern automatic systems for monitoring the wakefulness of operators are considered, a description of the TSMWRD is given, the psychophysiological foundations of its application are discussed. Th e data of an empirical study are presented, proving the validity of the hypothesis that the use of the TSMWRD in the work of electric train drivers really creates additional problem situations and stressful conditions. As a result, the positive and negative aspects of the use of TSMWRD are presented, specifi c recommendations are given on its use and the appropriate training of drivers. Conclusion. Th e analysis of the use of TSMWRD serves as an example of the importance of using engineering-psychological and ergonomic provisions in the design and implementation of new automated technical means of monitoring functional states in practice. Th eir implementation should be based on taking into account their infl uence on the operator’s simultaneous performance of his main professional activity.
Contribution to the taxonomy of Uvarovia (Orthoptera: Chorotypidae: Mnesicleinae) from Borneo and Malay Peninsula
Authors: TAN MING KAI , JAPIR RAZY , CHUNG ARTHUR Y. C.
Published: February 2022

Mnesicleinae is a little-known subfamily of Chorotypidae and consists of 19 genera distributed throughout the Malay Archipelago, including Uvarovia Bolívar, 1930. For many species from this subfamily, nearly nothing is known after their original descriptions. Based on new materials from recent surveys, we were able to examine specimens from two species: Uvarovia longipennis Bolívar, 1930 from Malay Peninsula (also type species for genus) and Uvarovia gracilipes Bolívar, 1931 from Borneo. Only female specimens were known for the two species. Here, we describe for the first time males specimens of Uvarovia longipennis and Uvarovia gracilipes. We also present an updated key to species of Uvarovia and a key to genera of Mnesicleinae from Borneo and Malay Peninsula.
Maerid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Okinawa, Japan with description of a new species
Authors: SIR SALLY , WHITE KRISTINE N.
Published: February 2022

Two species of Maeridae are reported from extensive tidal flat collections on the east coast of Okinawa Island, Japan. A range extension is reported for Ceradocus mizani Lim, Azman & Othman, 2010. Elasmopus mukuinu sp. nov. is described and is most similar to species in the Elasmopus pectenicrus (Bate, 1862) group in Hughes & Lowry (2011). The new species is distinguished from other species based on the gnathopod 2 propodus bearing a subrectangular hump near insertion of the dactylus, the propodus being covered in dense tufts of long setae and the posterior margins of pereopods 5, 6, and 7 (almost smooth, serrate, and crenulate, respectively).
Comparison of Extreme Coastal Flooding Events between Tropical and Midlatitude Weather Systems in the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays for 1980–2019
Authors: Callahan John A. , Leathers Daniel J. , Callahan Christina L.
Published: February 2022

Coastal flooding is one of the most costly and deadly natural hazards facing the U.S. mid-Atlantic region today. Impacts in this heavily populated and economically significant region are caused by a combination of the location’s exposure and natural forcing from storms and sea level rise. Tropical cyclones (TCs) and midlatitude (ML) weather systems each have caused extreme coastal flooding in the region. Skew surge was computed over each tidal cycle for the past 40 years (1980–2019) at several tide gauges in the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays to compare the meteorological component of surge for each weather type. Although TCs cause higher mean surges, ML weather systems can produce surges just as severe and occur much more frequently, peaking in the cold season (November–March). Of the top 10 largest surge events, TCs account for 30%–45% in the Delaware and upper Chesapeake Bays and 40%–45% in the lower Chesapeake Bay. This percentage drops to 10%–15% for larger numbers of events in all regions. Mean sea level pressure and 500-hPa geopotential height (GPH) fields of the top 10 surge events from ML weather systems show a low pressure center west-southwest of “Delmarva” and a semistationary high pressure center to the northeast prior to maximum surge, producing strong easterly winds. Low pressure centers intensify under upper-level divergence as they travel eastward, and the high pressure centers are near the GPH ridges. During lower-bay events, the low pressure centers develop farther south, intensifying over warmer coastal waters, with a south-shifted GPH pattern relative to upper-bay events.

Significance Statement

Severe coastal flooding is a year-round threat in the U.S. mid-Atlantic region, and impacts are projected to increase in magnitude and frequency. Research into the meteorological contribution to storm surge, separate from mean sea level and tidal phase, will increase the scientific understanding and monitoring of changing atmospheric conditions. Tropical cyclones and midlatitude weather systems both significantly impact the mid-Atlantic region during different times of year. However, climate change may alter the future behavior of these systems differently. Understanding the synoptic environment and quantifying the surge response and subbay geographic variability of each weather system in this region will aid in public awareness, near-term emergency preparation, and long-term planning for coastal storms.
Stigma Hierarchies: The Internal Dynamics of Stigmatization in the Sex Work Occupation
Authors: Toubiana Madeline , Ruebottom Trish
Published: February 2022

Scholars studying stigmatized, or “dirty work,” occupations have tended to characterize people outside of the occupation as the stigmatizers and those within the occupation as social supports who buffer each other from stigma. We argue that this characterization discounts the unique ways stigmatization can take place within heterogeneous occupations and the challenges it raises for finding support from other occupational members. Based on a six-year qualitative study of the sex work occupation in Canada, we explore the internal dynamics of stigmatization in the occupation. Our analysis reveals that sex workers are not just the stigmatized but also the stigmatizers, as they elaborate, borrow, and adapt perceptions of stigma to rank and place each other into a stigma hierarchy. To avoid the risks of being stigmatized based on this hierarchy, sex workers engage in stealth organizing to find safe others within the occupation to provide social support. Thus the occupation is not a stigma-free safe haven for its workers. Instead, the occupation as a whole is characterized by dissension among its members. Their efforts to find social support lead to what we call bounded entitativity: a sense of being grouplike that is confined to small community groups within a broader occupational context of dissension. We found bounded entitativity to be associated with challenges for occupational members in undertaking social change efforts.
Modern Didactic Formats in Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Velez David Ray
Published: February 2022

Introduction: “Traditional teaching” models often fail to engage millennial residents. Multiple modern didactic methods have been employed. The most frequently used objective measure to assess the effectiveness of didactic formats has been American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination performance.

Methods: A literature search was conducted searching PubMed, EMBASE, and JAMA Network from June 2011 to June 2021, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed for the terms “ABSITE” and “American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination.” Only studies discussing didactic structures were included.

Results: A final 16 studies were included. Modern methods such as a “flipped classroom,” Team Based Learning (TBL), and “gamification” have all shown increased engagement and significantly improved ABSITE performance. Structured biostatistics reviews may be used to supplement research and statistics which are often missed by other resources.

Discussion: Programs have a duty to promote excellent resident education. In addition to fostering individual study habits, didactics and program structures should be optimized for resident development. As opposed to focusing on the pure amount of scheduled protected time, programs may instead consider focusing on the quality of the didactic format used and modern didactic methods may be beneficial.
Race and the Probability of Becoming a Head Coach for NFL Coordinators Since the Introduction of the Rooney Rule: Why Isn't Eric Bieniemy a Head Coach yet?
Authors: Pitts Joshua D. , Evans Brent , Johnson John D.
Published: February 2022

A great deal of media attention has been given to the scarcity of black head-coaches in the NFL. Using data on coordinators for every NFL season since the introduction of the Rooney Rule in 2003, the authors estimated several probit regressions to examine how various factors, including race, were correlated with a coordinator's probability of becoming a head coach. There was evidence that, all else equal, black coordinators who played in the NFL have been less likely to be promoted than similar non-black coordinators. Furthermore, there was evidence that black coordinators were significantly less likely to be promoted between 2018 and 2020. The analysis also suggested that a lack of black coordinators who played quarterback or tight-end in college as well as a lack of black coordinators with experience coaching the tight-end and wide-receiver positions in the NFL have contributed to the low number of black head-coaches. The authors also examine the specific case of Eric Bieniemy by using the empirical model to compare Bieniemy's probability of promotion with those of other relevant coaches. This analysis offers several potential explanations as to why Bieniemy has yet to receive a head-coaching opportunity.
Structure and performance changes of high-modulus and low-shrinkage poly (ethylene terephthalate) industrial fibers under different heat treatment conditions
Authors: Yu Jinchao , Ji Peng , Chen Kang , Ji Hong , Tang Fangming , Chen Rui
Published: February 2022

For different heat treatments, the changes in overall performance features such as tenacity, modulus, load at 5% strain and elongation at a load of 4.0 cN/dtex of high modulus low shrinkage poly (ethylene terephthalate) industrial fibers were compared. The variations in the mechanical behavior were linked to adjustments in the microstructure, as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. The results confirmed that the tenacity of the fibers is less dependent on the heat treatment conditions, whereas the modulus, load at 5% strain and elongation at a load of 4.0 cN/dtex differ significantly, which could reflect the stability of the fibers in use. The intact crystal structure and the constrained conformation adjustment of molecular chains in amorphous after heat treatment are responsible for the excellent tenacity retention of high modulus low shrinkage poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers. With a low pre-tension and a higher heating temperature, the molecular chains in the amorphous region relax and disorient, resulting in a lower modulus and load at 5% strain. Instead, in the case of high pre-tension, heat treatment prolongation or temperature increase helps to rearrange the amorphous region into an ordered structure, which can improve the initial modulus and load at 5% strain of the fibers.
Design optimization and flow field analysis of the nozzle structure of a foreign fiber sorter
Authors: Ren Weijia , Du Yuhong , Li Xueliang , Yuan Ruwang
Published: February 2022

With the purpose of solving the problems of uneven velocity and energy loss of the foreign fiber sorters, this paper has analyzed the nozzle distribution and structure in the foreign fiber sorting system, and presented the design of a nozzle with the circular distribution contraction–expansion structure. The turbulent kinetic energy was optimized through a circular distribution of the nozzle to improve nozzle velocity uniformity, according to the effect of air flow on wall surface distance. Meanwhile, the nozzle was optimized with the contraction–expansion structure based on the relationship between the Mach number and the nozzle’s cross-sectional area. The stepped cross-section of the nozzle was replaced by a transition curve cross-section to restrain the sudden change of the air flow velocity in the nozzle. The optimized nozzle structure was discussed in terms of the velocity, the pressure, and the energy loss. It was found that the velocity increases by 9.2%, the required pressure decreases, and the energy loss decreases. So the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method were illustrated.
Faithfully Negotiating the Danger of this Existence: Stanley Hauerwas, Performing the Kingdom, and Psychotherapy as Ethical Discourse
Authors: Wright Ronald W.
Published: February 2022

The life and work of Stanley Hauerwas are discussed in light of what his theological work might mean for clinicians in the fields of psychology and counseling. In particular, three broad themes are considered. The first theme highlights the manner in which Hauerwas critiques the assumptions of liberalism and argues for the story-formed nature of ethics and character. The second theme develops the way in which Hauerwas understands the role of tradition, narrative, grammar, practice, and virtue in shaping character specifically as it applies to his understanding of the Christian tradition. The last theme addresses how Hauerwas understands the church to be a political and subversive witness that embodies an alternative conception of life and of being human. Implications of Hauerwas’ thought for psychotherapy are considered for each theme as well as potential questions that might emerge for clinicians as they interact with Hauerwas’ work.
“Proof Under Reasonable Doubt”: Ambiguity of the Norm Violation as Boundary Condition of Third-Party Punishment
Authors: Toribio-Flórez Daniel , Saße Julia , Baumert Anna
Published: February 2022

In six studies, we consistently observed costly third-party punishment (3PP) to decrease under ambiguity of the norm violation. Our research suggests that, under ambiguity, some people experience concerns about punishing unfairly. Those with higher (vs. lower) other-oriented justice sensitivity (Observer JS) reduced 3PP more pronouncedly (in Studies 1–3 and 4b, but not replicated in Studies 4–5). Moreover, those who decided to resolve the ambiguity (hence, removing the risk of punishing unfairly) exceeded the 3PP observed under no ambiguity (Study 4). However, we did not consistently observe these concerns about punishing unfairly to affect 3PP (Studies 4–5). We further considered whether people could use ambiguity as justification for remaining passive—thus, avoiding the costs of 3PP. We did not find conclusive evidence supporting this notion. Taken together, ambiguity entails a situational boundary of 3PP that sheds light on the prevalence of this behavior and, potentially, on its preceding decision-making.
Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Is it a Scientific Theory?
Authors: Chen Jie-Qi
Published: February 2022

This essay discusses the status of multiple intelligences (MI) theory as a scientific theory by addressing three issues: the empirical evidence Gardner used to establish MI theory, the methodology he employed to validate MI theory, and the purpose or function of MI theory.
Using a Multiple Intelligences Assessment to Promote Teacher Development and Student Achievement
Authors: Shearer C. Branton
Published: February 2022

This article addresses three interrelated propositions. First, a valid and reliable assessment for the multiple intelligences (MI) can be created. Second, teachers can use this MI profile to better understand, accept and create Mi-inspired instruction and curriculum. Third, an MI profile can be used by both teachers and students to promote the use of strength-based learning activities to enhance instructional practice as well as personal development. Evidence gathered during two phases of research over a period of 7 years is supportive of these three propositions.

In contrast to a “testing society”, I think that the assessment approach and the individual-centered school constitute a more noble educational vision. I define assessment as the obtaining of information about the skills and potentials of individuals, with the dual goals of providing useful feedback to the individuals and useful data to the surrounding community. Gardner (1993, p. 183)
Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment: Amiable Allies or Phony Friends?
Authors: Popham W. James
Published: February 2022

Specialists in curriculum, instruction, and assessment typically work with colleagues in their own field. It is argued that such isolationism is educationally harmful, especially during today's era of heightened accountability for educators. To diminish excessive specialization by curriculum, instruction, and assessment personnel, amelioration proposals are made regarding both the university and state departments of education.
The Lure of Learning in Teaching
Authors: Liston Daniel P.
Published: February 2022

Teaching entails the creation of connections among teacher, student, and content so that educational experiences can be had. Powerful teaching engages and recalls a lure of learning. To explore this lure, or love of learning, and its place in teaching, I first evoke a bit of what this attraction feels and looks like. Depicting this lure conveys some of what the seduction of learning is all about. Following this section on the love of learning, I highlight features of what this love of learning looks like in teaching. In teaching with a love of learning, we (as teachers) attempt to lure our students into reaching beyond themselves, to connect with the subject at hand. It is the teacher who invites us beyond the boundaries of ourselves, to another territory. The second major section of this essay focuses on the qualities of this educational invitation. It is an invitation to join and take part in the human inheritance, the human conversation. It is an invitation that arises from the teacher's depths, builds on what the teacher finds alluring in his or her love of learning, and expresses a respect for, faith in, and insistence that the students see what the teacher finds so precious.
Negotiating Power, Developing Trust: Transgressing Race and Status in the Academy
Authors: Gasman Marybeth , Gerstl-Pepin Cynthia , Anderson-Thompkins Sibby , Rasheed Lisa , Hathaway Karry
Published: February 2022

Exploring the experiences of African American students engaged in doctoral studies reveals disturbing realities. In this article, we use narrative inquiry to engage in a collaborative project between two White faculty members and three African American graduate students. Transgressive pedagogy provided a conceptual framework for both our initial study and our subsequent reflections on the need to create supportive networks for graduate students of color in the academy. In the project we conversed and reflected about how our understanding of race and status had an impact on our experiences in the academy. Our study contrasted student experiences in environments in which students expressed feeling like “casualties of war” with those in which they expressed feeling like valued colleagues. We found that unspoken assumptions about race and status often created a turbulent climate for the participating African American doctoral students and White faculty members who shared values of inclusivity.
Framework for an Effective Assessment and Accountability Program: The Philadelphia Example1
Authors: Porter Andrew C. , Chester Mitchell D. , Schlesinger Michael D.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to put in the hands of researchers, practitioners, and policy makers a powerful framework for building and studying the effects of high-quality assessment and accountability programs. The framework is illustrated through a description and analysis of the assessment and accountability program in the School District of Philadelphia.
School Governance and Oversight in California: Shaping the Landscape of Equity and Adequacy
Authors: Timar Thomas B.
Published: February 2022

This article examines California's system of school governance. The article's overarching concern is how state structures and policies support or constrain the capacity of schools to deliver an adequate and equal education. Specifically, I address the following questions: Who is responsible for ensuring that the state's schools have adequate resources'? What means are available to determine of schools’ curriculum, personnel, facilities, and instructional materials are adequate? What means exist for determining if schools are performing satisfactorily ? What means exist for remedying deficiencies in schools ? I argue that the irrationality, incoherence, and limited efficacy of California's increasingly state-controlled system of governance contribute substantially to create the substandard conditions in schools that are the subject of the Williams case.
Transfer of Standards-Based Education in Rural Alaska: An Analysis of the Politics of Educational Transfer in the Tikishla School District
Authors: Jester Timothy E.
Published: February 2022

This article examines the politics of educational transfer in a rural Alaskan school district with schools in two Alaska Native villages and one non-Native community. The author examines why and how the district imported standards-based education. While the district presented its reform as a rational, consensus-driven policy process, this conventional version of the reform was disrupted by the superintendent's utilization of political strategies that promoted his personal agenda.
Workplace Training and Human Capital: Livelihood Protection and Promotion in Urban China
Authors: Xu Zeyu
Published: February 2022

Workplace training produces 2 types of human capital: general and firm-specific. Based on specific human capital theories pioneered by Gary Becker, this article empirically examines the impact of on-the-job training and off-the-job training on wage levels in urban China. It is found that off-the-job training in previous firms significantly raises wages at a worker's current firm, whereas previous on-the-job training has no effect on current wages. The results are consistent with theory and U.S. experience. The results are robust to various specifications and procedures correcting for potential error clustering and selection bias problems. It is suggested that advocating firm and government cosponsored general training programs targeting disadvantaged urban populations is a desirable and feasible strategy in an attempt to relieve the increasing unemployment pressure in China.
Comprehensive School Reform: A Longitudinal Study of School Improvement in One State
Authors: Good Thomas L. , Burross Heidi Legg , Mccaslin Mary M.
Published: February 2022

We report on comprehensive school reform (CSR) reform in 48 schools over 6 consecutive years. In 1998, a total of 24 schools received CSR awards to improve student achievement. Control schools were carefully matched on 26 demographic variables to form a comparison group. Students’ average performance, as represented in publicly available school report card data, increased across the combined sample of CSR and non-CSR schools in nontrivial ways. CSR and non-CSR schools, however, were not differentiated on the basis of a discriminant analysis function both in terms of achievement (Stanford 9) and demographic variables. To examine effects over time, a mixed-design multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test was performed for third- through ninth-grade scores for each performance level on the Stanford 9 achievement test (reading, language, and math). In all three performance areas, the mean NCE scores for CSR and non-CSR schools had significant within-subject effects for all 6 years. However, there were no between-subjects effects in any performance areas for CSR or non-CSR schools. The combined gains for CSR and non-CSR schools across time were notable; average math performance increased 1.0 standard deviation. Mean scores in reading and language also increased (.62 and .11, respectively), with language performance the least malleable area.
Mabel Carney at Teachers College: From Home Missionary to White Ally
Authors: Weiler Kathleen
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the career of Mabel Carney, head of the Department of Rural Education at Teachers College from 1918 to 1941. Carney was deeply involved with African American and African education, traveling to Africa and the American South, teaching courses on “Negro education,” and working closely with both African and African American graduate students. When she retired from Teachers College in 1942, she was given an honorary doctorate from Howard University for her support of African American education. She died in 1968. Carney is barely mentioned in educational histories of the period. Her life and contributions to African American struggles for higher education reveal a little-known history. But her story also illuminates the instability of conceptions of race, the uneasy positioning of white women reformers, and the ways that progressive white educators’ understandings of race changed in the interwar years in response to broader political events and social movements.
Perceptions of African American Male Junior Faculty on Promotion and Tenure: Implications for Community Building and Social Capital
Authors: Williams Brian N. , Williams Sheneka M.
Published: February 2022

A qualitative online individual interviewing approach was used to explore the perceptions of 32 African American male junior faculty at predominantly White institutions (PWIs) on how to improve support systems and structures to navigate promotion and tenure. The findings from this study revealed that, beyond the political and financial capital needed to build, support, and maintain institutions of higher education, social (campus) capital is needed to further develop gemeinschaft campus communities and the development of all its members. Hence, an approach more centered on (academic) community building is suggested to better foster the sense of ownership and belonging for African American male junior faculty and other faculty of color.
The Qualitative Doctoral Dissertation Proposal
Authors: Kilbourn Brent
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the primary qualities of a doctoral dissertation proposal and how those qualities relate to the qualities of a dissertation and to the nature of a research university. Typical parts of a proposal are discussed—problem, significance, literature review, theoretical perspective, questions, methods, and ethics—and reasons are given for the role that each part plays in the development of a dissertation. Emphasis is placed on the nature of argument and on the integrity of the proposal as a whole. Examples, including notes on writing, are drawn from several qualitative proposals.
The Context of Minority Disproportionality: Practitioner Perspectives on Special Education Referral
Authors: Skiba Russell , Simmons Ada , Ritter Shana , Kohler Kristin , Henderson Michelle , Wu Tony
Published: February 2022

Although there is extensive documentation of minority overrepresentation in special education, knowledge of the factors that create the context within which disproportionality occurs is limited. To gain an understanding of the local processes that may contribute to special education disproportionality, we interviewed 66 educators about their perspectives on urban education, special education, available and needed resources, and the specific topics of diversity and disproportionality. A number of clear themes emerged. Teachers and schools feel unprepared to meet the needs of economically disadvantaged students. Classroom behavior appears to be an especially challenging issue for many teachers, and cultural gaps and misunderstandings may intensify behavioral challenges. Special education is perceived by many teachers as the only resource available for helping students who are not succeeding. Finally, there was a surprising reticence among many respondents to discuss issues of race. These results paint a surprisingly complex picture of the factors that may cause and maintain minority disproportionality in special education. Together, they suggest that successful remediation efforts will avoid simplistic or linear solutions, increase resources to address learning and behavior problems in general education, and seek methods to use data on racial disparity as a stimulus toward reflection and action.
Contemplative Practices: Educating for Peace and Tolerance
Authors: Hill Clifford , Herndon Akbar Ali , Karpinska Zuki
Published: February 2022

This article describes a course offered at Teachers College, Columbia University, which focuses on contemplative practices from various wisdom traditions in order to increase awareness of what they share and to encourage educators to view these practices as sources of peace and tolerance. The article also presents various ways in which the students participated in the course and ends with an essay on “right teaching,” written as a final project by Akbar Ali Herndon and Zuki Karpinska.
Love and Knowledge: Recovering the Heart of Learning through Contemplation
Authors: Zajonc Arthur
Published: February 2022

The role of contemplative practice in adult education has a long history if one includes traditional monastic education in Asia and the West. Its use in American higher education is, however, more recent and more limited. Nonetheless, on the basis of evidence from surveys and conferences, a significant community of teachers exists at all levels of higher education, from community colleges to research universities, who are using a wide range of contemplative practices as part of their classroom pedagogy. In addition to existing well-developed pedagogical and curricular methods that school critical reasoning, critical reading and writing, and quantitative analysis, this article argues that we also require a pedagogy that attends to the development of reflective, contemplative, affective, and ethical capacities in our students. The significance of these is at least as great as the development of critical capacities in students. The rationale for the inclusion of contemplative modalities is articulated within this context. On the basis of considerable experience in teaching at Amherst College, I present an “epistemology of love,” which emphasizes a form of inquiry that supports close engagement and leads to student transformation and insight. This approach to knowing is implemented in the Amherst College first-year course, Eros and Insight. It includes a specific sequence of contemplative exercises that are practiced by students and integrated with more conventional course content drawn from the arts and sciences. Our experience shows that students deeply appreciate the shift from conventional coursework to a more experiential, transformative, and reflective pedagogy.
Meditation and Education: India, Tibet, and Modern America
Authors: Thurman Robert A. F.
Published: February 2022

This article explores Asian traditions of meditation, with particular attention to Buddhism as it was developed in ancient India. It delineates a core curriculum, initially developed in monastic institutions of higher education, that has been most fully preserved in Tibet. It then explores how this curriculum might be adapted so that it can help support a genuinely humanistic education within American higher education. This exploration focuses not only on the inherent values of Buddhist meditation but also on practical strategies that can be used to introduce these values in the academic curriculum and in the broader campus life.