bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russian Historiography of Polish Nationalism in the End of the 19th – Beginning of the 20th Century: Network Analysis
Authors: Durov Viktor
Published: December 2024

Introduction. This article presents the possibilities of using network analysis in historiography. The theoretical basis of network analysis is the mathematical theory of networks, which allows creating a model of the Russian scientific community thanks to the scientometric analysis of publications of historians. The purpose of the study is to examine the formation and development of the Russian historiography of the “Polish question” in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to identify scientific schools and features of the interaction of the professional community. Methods and materials. The basis for the study was the work published in the period from 1917 to the present. The historians were grouped into two groups: the Soviet period (1917–1991) and the modern period (1991–2023). Network analysis was performed using the UCINET 6.757. The matrix and attribute table were formed in MS Excel. The network was visualized in the NetDraw. The relationship between the authors was established by the fact of citation. Analysis. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in Russian science, the network analysis technique was applied to examine the historiography of Polish nationalism in the 1880s–1918. The results obtained made it possible to consider the structural features of the network of Polonist historians in our country and the dynamics of its formation. The study showed a number of factors influencing the formation of a subgroup of Russian historians and the position of authors in the network itself. Results. The author notes a decrease today in the number of large collective studies and citations by colleagues of each other in comparison with the Soviet period. Peaks in the growth of the number of publications and the number of authors are noted in the work; an explanation is given for these phenomena. The technique tested is considered promising for historiographic research.
Corruption in the Local Government System of the Russian State (According to Investigative Cases of the 1590–1630s)
Authors: Arakcheev Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to study how corruption was understood in the Moscow state and how the fight against it was carried out in the system of local government to show the vector of institutional shift in the Russian state of the late 16th – first third of the 17th century. Methods and materials. The subject of the analysis is three investigative cases of corruption revealed during the 1590–1630s in three regions of Russia: Veliky Novgorod, Pskov, and Sviyazhsk. The investigation of cases was carried out using searches, which consist of questions from detectives and consolidated answers from people being interviewed, sealed with their assault. Analysis. During the study, a reconstruction of the corruption networks created by the clerk and governors was carried out, the methods and forms of obtaining illegal profits were studied, and an assessment was made of its volume and the scale of corruption in the Russian state. Administrators integrated into corrupt networks were punished with confiscation of their movable property and money savings and deprivation of office; sometimes the abuses they committed were not considered grounds for holding them liable. Results. Estimated calculations of corrupt profits do not convince that widespread ideas about the total corruption of the Russian administrative apparatus are justified enough. Corruption income of officials during the performance of their official duties and at the expense of the governed was illegal; by producing these laws, the state apparatus lost its patrimonial features and acquired a bureaucratic character, and the state became absolutist.
Yi Ik: Korean Practical Philosopher and Moralist of the Late Joseon Period
Authors: Smertin Yuri
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article analyzes the ideological and theoretical views of the Korean intellectual, scholar Yi Ik (1681–1763), on modern society and his proposed measures for its improvement. Yi Ik was one of the main pillars of the Sirhak intellectual movement, which became the basis for the profound transformation of Korean society in the 19th century. Methods and materials. The research was carried out on the basis of a civilizational approach to the study of history, proceeding from the specifics of cultural and historical societies (in this case, the so-called Confucian civilization covering the countries of East Asia) and the anthropological approach, which considers men as products of their epoch. The main source was Yi Ik’s “Songho saseol,” (“Miscellaneous Sayings of Songho”). Analysis. This work is a collection of thoughts, facts, and commentaries recorded by the author over the course of several decades. It is encyclopedic in nature and includes information on history, military affairs, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, geography, medicine, agriculture, literature, and music. He was especially interested in the reorganization of Korean society on the basis of humanity and justice. This work was written in Wenyang (kor. Hanmun), the literary Chinese language that was the official script in medieval Korea. “Songho saseol” published in 1970 by Munhwasa publishers in Seoul, is used in this article. The pages are offset photographs and are not numbered. Results. The main focus of Yi Ik’s writings was agriculture, the backbone of Korea’s economy. His economic ideas, which were based on Confucian tenets, were largely idealistic. Other ideas concerning social reforms and the adoption of Western science and technology were in line with the demands of the times and later became the basis for the transformation of Korean society. The main conclusion is that in his scientific and practical work, Yi Ik sought to synthesize the humanitarian Confucian thought and practical knowledge from Western sources.
Mimarlık Alanında İklim Değişikliği Konulu Uluslararası Çalışmaların Bibliyometrik Analizi
Authors: Zengin Nihal , Yamaçlı Ruşen
Published: December 2024

Günümüzde iklim değişikliğinden kaynaklanan olumsuz sonuçlar birçok alanda kendini göstermektedir. Özellikle bina stokunun tükettiği enerji kaynaklı karbon salınımlarındaki artış iklim değişikliğini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu durumda enerjiye daha az gereksinim duyan tasarımın önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. İklim değişikliğine uyum sağlamak ve etkileri azaltabilmek için birbirinden farklı disiplinlerde çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu araştırma makalesinde, mimarlık kategorisinde iklim değişikliğiyle ilgili yayınların bibliyometrik analizi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanından elde edilen bilgiler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 1975-2023 yılları arasında sınırlandırılarak 20-30 Ekim 2023 tarihleri arasında 1277 adet yayına erişilmiştir. Yapılan bibliyometrik analiz sonucunda elde edilen veriler VOSviewer programı kullanılarak görsel ağ haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak en fazla çalışmanın ABD’de yapıldığı, 678 adet makalenin olduğu ve yaygın olarak İngilizce dilinde yazıldığı, sürdürülebilir kalkınma sürecinde bina tasarımında enerjinin etkin ve verimli kullanılması gerektiği, bu çalışmanın bütününde Türkçe literatüre katkı sağlamasıyla birlikte araştırmacı, akademisyen ve uygulama alanlarındaki önemi vurgulanmıştır.
Capturing Cognitive Flexibility: Responses to Cavallarin and Van Eyghen, Oviedo, and Szocik
Authors: Van Leeuwen Neil
Published: December 2024

This is a response piece to the commentaries by Alberto Cavallarin and Hans Van Eyghen, Lluis Oviedo, and Konrad Szocik on my book Religion as Make-Believe: A Theory of Belief, Imagination, and Group Identity.
On the instability of gas bubbles in a liquid to crushing when exposed to a weak pressure wave
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Birsk branch, Chiglintsev Igor A. , Lepikhin Sergey A. ,   Surgut State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2024

The dynamics of a pressure wave in a bubbly liquid in cylindrical and conical channels is considered on the basis of numerical modeling. The tendency of gas bubbles to split behind the wave front due to the development of Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities is analyzed. In the first case, the Bond number is the criterion for the instability of bubbles; in the second case, it is the Weber number. It has been found that with the same initial state of the bubble system, the destruction of bubbles due to Rayleigh-Taylor instability can occur at lower amplitudes of the impacting pressure wave than in the case of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mechanism. The study shows the possibility of the crushing of bubbles in a narrowing channel by low-amplitude pressure waves, which, when propagating in a cylindrical channel, do not change the dispersion of the gas phase. We have established the maximum threshold dispersion of the mixture at which the crushing of bubbles by waves of the considered amplitude does not occur.
Tax incentives as a stimulating mechanism for creative industries in regional economy
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Karpova Olga M. , Turgel Irina D. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article refers to international practices and proposes tax incentives as a stimulating mechanism for creative industries in Russia. The development of creative industries is a crucial aspect of both economic and cultural growth. However, tax support measures in Russia remain underdeveloped and inconsistent across regions.

Purpose. The paper refers to international practices to identify efficient tax support mechanisms for creative industries that can be adapted to the Russian environment.

Materials and Methods. Tax incentives for creative industries in the countries with the developed creative economies, such as the United Kingdom, the USA, Ireland, and Kazakhstan, are examined and compared, and the content of the Russian legislation is analyzed.

Results. It was revealed that Russia lacks a unified federal support system, which results in regional disparities in the development of creative industries. International practices show the efficiency of tax incentives such as VAT-free taxation system and tax credits, which have contributed to the growth of creative industries abroad.

Conclusion. These disparities could be eliminated by introducing a unified system of tax incentives at the federal level and developing a customized tax policy for creative industries, which will support their sustainable development.
Strategic prerequisites and target model for the development of a resource-saving transport and logistics system in the regional economy
Authors:   Samara State Transport University, Bolgova Elena V. , Bolgov Sergey A. ,   Samara State Transport University
Published: December 2024

Introduction: the high dynamism of the spatial development of the Russian
Federation presupposes the updating of target models of industrial systems. For the transport
and logistics system (TLS), the 2020s trends mean the need for development building
on its own potential while maintaining high efficiency in ensuring the priorities of regional
strategies. The resource-saving type, accumulating the features of competitive, innovative TLS
development, is focused on freeing up labor resources under the demographic “compression”
trends; under sanctions pressure, cost savings on transport and logistics are achieved
by diversifying territorial forms of TLS. Thus, the study of resource saving as a TLS target
model operating in the regional economy becomes an urgent research task. Objectives:
to develop theoretical and methodological principles, to work out methodological instruments
for managing the development of resource-saving TLS in the regional economy. Methods:
general scientific methods of cognition, methods of statistical analysis. Results: a system
of strategic prerequisites for TLS development in the regional economy has been formed;
new trends in the development of economy have been identified that predetermine the
transition to resource-saving TLS; methodological tools and a target model of resource-saving
TLS have been developed; practical recommendations are given for its use in the development
of goal-setting documents for the Russian Federation regions. Conclusions: the study showed
that the target model for TLS development in regional economy should not remain static
on the horizon of strategic planning. Its adaptation to processes that change the characteristics
of the economic space requires proactive management and new spatial planning tools.
Operative forecasting of fuel gas consumption in gas transportation companies
Authors: Kudryavtsev A. A. , Lanin S. N.
Published: December 2024

In the current context of energy resource conservation and increased effi ciency of gas transportation systems, developing approaches to improve the accuracy of fuel gas consumption forecasting at compressor stations is a pressing task. This paper analyzes approaches and algorithms for forecasting the volumes of gas needed for the technological and internal needs of compressor stations during gas compression within the gas transportation organizations of Gazprom PJSC. A classifi cation of gas consumption for technological needs and losses is presented, emphasizing the importance of managing fuel gas consumption to optimize the cost of natural gas transportation.

The goal of this study is to develop an approach for operational forecasting of fuel gas consumption at compressor stations of gas transportation organizations, aimed at increasing economic effi ciency and reducing operating costs. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were undertaken: analysis of existing forecasting methods, investigation of data processing techniques for detecting errors and anomalies, and comparison of various regression models to ensure high forecast accuracy.

The study employed data cleaning and preprocessing methods, including the Isolation Forest method for anomaly detection, as well as various regression models such as multiple linear regression, RandomForestRegressor, CatBoostRegressor, and XGBoost. Data segmentation was performed using cluster analysis (KMeans), which allowed for improved model accuracy. Forecast accuracy was assessed using t-tests, F-tests, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) metric.

The results of the study confi rmed the high accuracy of the proposed approach, demonstrating its potential for optimizing fuel costs in gas transportation organizations.
The economic paradigm of environmental safety of oil and gas regions
Authors: Beilin I. L.
Published: December 2024

High level of environmental safety of oil and gas regions is mainly achieved by solving the problems of economic effi ciency of natural resource use and of management of the complex of federal and regional projects for improving methods of environmental protection and environmental management. The purpose of the study is to develop a systematic rational approach to innovative development of environmental safety of the regions specializing in oil and gas on the basis of their interregional cluster organization in the conditions when it is essential to achieve higher levels of technological sovereignty and the dominance of circular economy strategies and decarbonization in the transforming global fuel and energy balance. To achieve the goal stated the author has carried out a theoretical study of the prospects of innovative resource directions for the development of the regional oil and gas industry and greening of regional economic systems as well as territorial distribution of regional industrial infrastructure to perform green energy transfer; theoretical studies of institutional mechanisms of strategic spatial development of Russia on the basis of interregional industrial cluster integration using highly profi table oil and gas revenues to develop and implement innovative principles of improving the environmental and economic effi ciency of the use of nature-like technologies, controlled environmental management, ESG factors, smart specialization of regions, local resource potential; regression analysis of dynamics and forecasting the volume of atmospheric pollution from stationary sources, the proportion of trapped and neutralized atmospheric pollutants from the total amount of gaseous pollutants emitted from stationary sources, as well as environment protection costs in the oil and gas regions; hierarchical clusterization of oil and gas regions by the amount of organizations applying innovations aimed at development of environmental safety, by material and energy fl ows, by reduction of CO2 emissions and use safe or less hazardous raw materials, by reduction of the level of environmental pollution and the use of waste recycling technologies.

The research has been conducted on the example of the Volga Federal District where the oil and gas regions are represented by the subjects with the budget-forming petrochemical complex such as the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB), the Republic of Tatarstan (RT), the Udmurt Republic (UR), the Perm Territory (PT), the Orenburg Region (OR) and the Samara Region (SR). As a result of the study conducted the author developed the economic paradigm of environmental safety of oil and gas regions based on the application of principles of horizontal innovative and industrial, scientifi c, technological and fi nancial policy.
State management of the import substitution process in the Russian economy
Authors: Sidorova E. Yu. , Zavrazhin D. P.
Published: December 2024

At the present moment the Russian economy is being seriously influenced by foreign trade restrictions, international economic sanctions and measures of political pressure. Under these conditions the Government of Russia is using a wide range of measures to implement the import substitution policy aimed at compensating for the negative external impact. The article studies the economic essence of import substitution. The periodization of the import substitution policy in the Russian Federation has been done. Currently, the Russian economy is maintaining good dynamics in the reducing the import of foreign-made goods. For example, in 2019 the import share was 26% of the GDP, and in 2023 this indicator dropped to 19% or 32 trillion rubles. Consistent implementation of import substitution mechanisms into the structure of the national economy will ensure gradual reduction of the level of dependence of the domestic market on the foreign-made products. At present, companies operate in complicated economic conditions which are accompanied by special conditions for the performing foreign economic activity. With the consideration of these circumstances the authors have developed a model scheme of cooperation of the company management system and the import substitution policy. The proposed model allows detecting the interconnection between the government import substitution policy and the result of operation of the management system of modern companies. Company management systems vary depending on the area of their activity but when applying the existing tools of implementing the import substitution policy a company can achieve economic results of operation on the domestic market as well as in the foreign trade. Special significance in implementing the import substitution policy belongs to the management systems that deal with applying state support measures and tools. Effective functioning of company management systems with regard to the state’s import substitution policy helps to strengthen the country’s position in the world market and guarantees sustainable growth of the indicators of foreign economic activity.
Industry 6.0: the essence, trends and strategic opportunities for Russia
Authors: Babkin A. V. , Shkarupeta E. V.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of a systematic study of Industry 6.0 which is the future stage of industrial development characterized by intelligent and technological immersive hyperconnection and physical-cognitive-emotional fusion of virtual (superior to digital) twins of humans and machines. The authors carry out a literary review synthesis of the existing defi nitions of Industry 6.0, suggest the authors’ defi nition and concept, systematize key technologies by six research projections: intelligent automation, sustainable development, human-machine interaction, information technologies and cybersecurity, machine learning, human resource management. Special attention is paid to the distinctive features of Industry 6.0 compared to Industries 4.0 and 5.0. Industry 6.0 involves the ubiquitous fusion of virtual twins of humans and machines that allows implementing ultrapersonalized production and create emotionally intelligent ecosystems, often with the help of quantum technologies. The authors discuss the opportunities of implementing Industry 6.0 in Russia basing on the national strategies on the data economics, technological sovereignty and the ‘Technet’ program of the National Technological Initiative. The limitations of the study are connected with the futuristic nature of Industry 6.0 concept, lack of suffi cient empiric base and limited amount of relevant scientifi c publications. The directions of further research may include development of practical models for the integration of intelligent ecosystems of Industry 6.0 into Russian production and technology sectors. Special attention should be paid to the development of the methods for assessment of economic and social effect from the implementation of the key technologies such as multiagent systems, quantum computing and the emotional intelligence of machines as well as to the study of the ways of their adaptation within the national strategies of technological sovereignty and the economics of data.
Zionism and Academic Hegemony: The Intersection of Power, Knowledge, and Suppression in the United States Universities
Authors: Rakipoğlu Mehmet
Published: December 2024

This paper critically explores the impact of Zionism on academic freedom and knowledge production in U.S. universities. It emphasizes how political lobbying, financial influence, and allegations of antisemitism are strategically employed to establish a cultural hegemony that determines what discourse is acceptable. Based on Michel Foucault's theory of power-knowledge, which posits that knowledge and power are intimately linked and shape one another, and Antonio Gramsci's concept of cultural hegemony, which explains how dominant groups maintain power through ideological means, this study examines how Zionist organizations influence higher education frameworks, research priorities, and public discourse. This manipulation often serves to marginalize, silence, or delegitimize critical perspectives that oppose or challenge Israeli policies and actions, especially those related to the occupation of Palestinian territories and human rights violations. This paper analyzes certain instances highlighting these dynamics, such as the rescinded job offer to Steven Salaita at the University of Illinois following his criticism of Israel’s genocide in Gaza on social media. This case, among others, underscores how Zionist lobbying and donor pressures can directly affect university governance, academic appointments, and freedom of expression within academic settings. Additional examples include the suppression of pro-Palestinian viewpoints and the punishment of students and faculty who advocate for Palestinian rights at various prominent U.S. institutions, which further demonstrate the broader, systematic efforts to control academic discourse. By examining these cases, the study reveals that Zionism's influence is not limited to isolated cases but creates a widespread atmosphere where academic freedom is restricted. Universities meant to be pillars of free thought and critical inquiry, increasingly become arenas where dissent is suppressed and ideological conformity is imposed. This paper highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which Zionism shapes the intellectual landscape in the U.S., reinforcing power structures that limit open debate and critical scholarship.
Experiencia del duelo y su impacto en madres con hijos diagnosticados con trastorno del Espectro Autista en situación de pandemia
Authors: Echeverría Vásquez Javiera , Muñoz Zepeda Natalia , Cerda Aedo Bárbara
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: conocer la experiencia de duelo que viven las madres al recibir el diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) en su hijo y si el contexto de pandemia por COVID afecta de alguna manera esta experiencia. Metodología: diseño cualitativo fenomenológico. Los participantes de esta investigación fueron tres madres de hijos diagnosticados con TEA. La estrategia que se ocupó para producir los datos a analizar fue la entrevista semiestructurada, que se analizaron y codificaron. Resultados: para dos de las tres madres entrevistadas el TEA no significó una enfermedad ni una discapacidad, sino una condición y una forma de vida; siendo algo que no cambiarían en sus hijos. En contraposición, la madre tres sí lo percibe como una enfermedad.  Conclusión: se pudo concluir que la llegada de un hijo con TEA, así como con cualquier otra condición que escape a la idea de lo que se entiende por normal, constituye un duelo por los sueños, ilusiones y expectativas que se gestan junto a la espera de un hijo y que se ven frustradas ante el diagnóstico.
Aspergiloma en enfisema ampolloso, femenina de 21 años, reporte de caso clínico
Authors: Kroll Connie , Escobar Dayana , Quezada Julia , Guevara Ana
Published: December 2024

Presentación de caso: Se trata de paciente femenina de 21 años con antecedente de ovario poliquístico, xifoescoliosis y rinoseptoplastia, acude con hemoptisis escasa, que 6 horas después de hospitalización presenta en abundante cantidad con necesidad de compensación con hemoderivados. Se realiza complementarios de laboratorio además tomografía de tórax evidenciando bulla enfisematosa gigante. Se indica tratamiento quirúrgico con toracotomía anterolateral izquierda más neumonectomía izquierda con evidencia de aspergiloma de 3x4 centímetros que se trató con voriconazol y después es reintervenida por neumotórax coagulado retenido izquierdo posteriormente dada de alta. Conclusión: Se presenta caso al tratarse de una bulla gigante con evidencia de aspergiloma en paciente joven.
ELECTRON-OPTICAL OBSERVATION OF PLASMA GLOW IN HIGH-CURRENT DIODE WITH EXPLOSIVE-EMISSION CATHODE BASED ON VACUUM ARCS
Authors:   Institute of High Current Electronics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, KIZIRIDI P.P. , OZUR G.E. ,   Institute of High Current Electronics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SCHNEIDER A.V. ,   Institute of High Current Electronics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

The dynamics of plasma glow in a high-current electron gun with explosive-emission cathode was investigated with the use of high-speed four-channel electron-optical camera. The cathode represented a copper disk of 5.8 cm in diameter with 69 resistively decoupled arc plasma sources located inside a 4.8 cm-diameter circle. It was found that all plasma sources are fired within less than 50 ns at the accelerating voltage pulse amplitude of 8 kV and higher. The influence of guide magnetic field on the number and localization of the cathode spots has been studied. In the presence of a guide magnetic field, the number of cathode spots during the pulse increases slightly, and the increase in the diode current is ensured mainly by their expansion, i.e. increasing the area of the emitting surface. In contrast, in the absence of a guiding magnetic field, a significant number of cathode spots are observed on the stainless steel screen electrode surrounding the cathode disk and electrically connected to it. This is due to the so-called “grab” effect, i.e. the appearance of new cathode spots under the plasma in contact with the cathode surface.
STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF ELONGATED HEAVY-ALLOY IMPACTORS WITH LIGHT-ALLOY OBSTACLES AT LOW-SPEED IMPACT
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, BATUEV S.P. ,   Tomsk State University, BURKIN V.V. ,   Tomsk State University, DYACHKOVSKIY A.S. ,   Tomsk State University, ISHCHENKO A.N. ,   Tomsk State University, RADCHENKO A.V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Tomsk State University, RADCHENKO P.A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Tomsk State University, SAMMEL A.YU. ,   Tomsk State University, STEPANOV E.Y. ,   Tomsk State University, CHUPASHEV A.V. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses experimental and computational results on the low-speed interaction of elongated heavy-alloy impactors with light-alloy obstacles. The results of experimental studies of the interaction of elongated impactors along the normal to the surface are presented. The values of the impactor's velocities after interaction with light-alloy obstacles were obtained. Using mathematical modeling, the results of the interaction of a tungsten-based heavy-alloy impactor with a light- alloy obstacle normal to the surface were obtained, repeating the experiment and predictive calculation.
“GLOBAL” EYE MOVEMENT MEASURES AS CORRELATES OF L2 PROFICIENCY
Authors:   Lobachevsky University, DEMAREVA V.A. , EDELEVA JU.A ,   Lobachevsky University, MESHCHERYAKOVA A.A. ,   Lobachevsky University
Published: December 2024

The effective acquisition of reading and reading comprehension skills in the language of instruction is a crucial factor influencing the success of the learning process in foreign language (FL) environments. Some studies have demonstrated that reading comprehension skills largely explain differences in the degree of learners’ mastery of a foreign language. A C-test can be employed to study the language competence of future students. Unlike standardized tests, C-test results provide more comprehensive information about students’ potential academic success. However, the cognitive mechanisms ensuring the high accuracy of this instrument are not fully understood at present. In this study, we provide evidence of a relationship between C-test results and certain parameters of eye movements during natural reading. Twenty-one Russian-speaking students participated in the experiment, and eye movements were recorded using the SMI-High Speed Tracker 1250. After completing both native and FL C-tests and calibration, participants read FL texts presented in eight slides. The results indicated that FL C-test scores were more closely related to “global” eye movement measures: the duration of fixations, the number of fixations, and the amplitude of saccades. Thus, we can conclude that “global” eye movement measures serve as indicators of the general level of FL proficiency. The obtained results suggest the existence of two different strategies employed by FL learners when restoring missing word parts. Individuals with lower levels of FL proficiency focus on filling in each omission separately, while Russian-English bilinguals with higher FL proficiency make decisions using a model of the text as a whole. A potential avenue for further research is to investigate differences in how bilingual participants perform this type of task based on their language proficiency levels, utilizing more explicit methods. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A FACTOR OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF LEGAL REALITY: ISSUES OF RESPONSIBILITY
Authors:   Tyumen State University, ZENIN S.S. , IVANOVA L.V. ,   Tyumen State University
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the influence of artificial intelligence on various spheres of social life: educational, cultural, economic, and others, from the standpoint of understanding the role of a person and setting their thinking under the influence of artificial intelligence systems. The influence of artificial intelligence on the spheres of human life raises the inevitable question of the transformation of the legal norms governing these areas. No matter how technologically advanced artificial intelligence systems are, there is always a risk of making an incorrect decision, which can be associated with causing damage to property, harm to life and health. An important and conceptual problematic areas of regulation is the development of a model of responsibility for causing harm using artificial intelligence and robotics systems. Approaches to identifying the culprit are considered in the article. Several situations stand out when deciding the issue of responsibility for causing harm when using artificial intelligence systems. Firstly, situations of deliberate distortion of program code at the stage of creating or training an artificial intelligence system are possible. In such a situation, of course, the responsibility falls on the person involved in the creation or training. Given that, as a rule, several persons are involved in such a process, difficulties may arise with the identification of a specific guilty subject, similarly to the situation when a violent crime is committed by a group of persons and a fatal blow is inflicted by one of the members of the group. Secondly, situations are possible when harm is caused due to the illegal seizure of control of the artificial intelligence system. In such a situation, responsibility also lies with the attacker - a physical person. Thirdly, there may be situations when, in the process of self-learning, artificial intelligence systems come to certain conclusions that do not depend on the actions of developers, and, as a result, harm is caused. Disputes about the responsibility of such artificial intelligence just arise in the event of the autonomy of its decision, that is, regardless of human actions. It is concluded that at this stage our society is not ready for the recognition of artificial intelligence as an independent subject capable of bearing responsibility, especially when it comes to the criminal legal sphere. To resolve the issue of the possibility of recognition (or non-recognition) of artificial intelligence as an independent entity of responsibility, it is necessary to proceed from the general provisions of the theory of legal responsibility, correlating its constituent elements with the characteristics of artificial intelligence systems, which requires independent comprehension and research. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
ETHICAL ASPECTS OF CIVILIAN DRONE DEPLOYMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors:   Tomsk State University, SAZONOV A.A. ,   European University at St. Petersburg, SHTEPNER K.V. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

The development of drones has led to an undeniable increase in productivity and efficiency in the economy in a new era of opportunities, but it has also presented us with new ethical challenges. In today’s society, the use of drones poses a complex ethical situation with many risks and challenges to the balance between economic benefits and the protection of privacy, security and human rights. The aim of this study is to review anthropological and sociological research on the ethical issues of civilian unmanned transport. The review includes 20 publications on the ethics of unmanned aerial vehicles between 2020 and 2024. The publications were selected using the Google Scholar database. The search was conducted iteratively using the keyword groups with Boolean operators “UAV AND ethics AND sociology”, “ethics of civil drones”, “drones acception”. Unfortunately, no Russian-language works using socio-humanitarian methods that explored the ethics of UAVs were found. A detailed descriptive and thematic analysis of empirical and several theoretical publications was conducted. The descriptive analysis showed a growing interest in socio-humanitarian thinking about UAV ethics. With the exception of2021, there is a steady increase in the annual number of publications. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are represented among the studies, literature reviews aimed at identifying ethical issues or reworking answers to ethical questions are popular. The thematic analysis highlighted the main research themes and problematisation options presented in the publications. The options for conceptualising ethics presented in the research literature were also examined. The majority of the research themes are devoted either to identifying ethical issues through the research toolkit or to highlighting the ethical issues posed by a particular social group. The issues presented in the studies correspond to the themes: the need to resolve tensions between the industry and the practical implementation of UAVs and the need to prevent ethical risks from being realised. Two studies problematise the lack of an analytical model. The ethical problems proper presented in the studies are related to privacy issues, interactions between social groups, as well as environmental and security issues and the comfort of citizens. This review can guide future qualitative and quantitative research to explore the ethical dimension of drone deployment. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
"Indestructible Union": Forms of return of Soviet socio-political practices to Russian reality
Authors:   Lipetsk State Technical University, Tselykovsky Aleksey A.
Published: December 2024

The study analyzes the stages and forms of the return of Soviet socio-political practices to the Russian reality. The relevance of the research topic is conditioned by the increased role of the Soviet historical heritage in contemporary socio-political practice. The images associated with the Soviet period of Russian history are quite actively exploited by
political and media discourse. The main research interest was the social phenomenon of nostalgia, as well as the phenomenon of modern mythology. Accordingly, the theoretical basis of the study was an array of works by domestic and foreign authors on the development of the problems of nostalgia, post-memory, archaic and modern mythology. The study identified several stages of actualization and return of Soviet socio-political practices in the Russian reality. In the 1990s, nostalgic sentiments about the Soviet past began to form in parallel with the official policy of de-Sovietization. Present at the everyday level and realized in a reflexive version, they began to be actively exploited by the media environment. Starting from the 2000s, a gradual return of Soviet socio-political practices has been taking place in the form of a restorative type of nostalgia. This trend is clearly visible in the new state symbols and ceremonial, the system of titles and awards. Russia's growing confrontation with Western countries has created a situation similar to that of the Cold War and the Iron Curtain. Russia, like the Soviet Union, is once again becoming a state that opposes the "collective West". All this leads to a systematic return to the Soviet legacy in the form of political mythology, the central element of which is the victory in the Great Patriotic War and the transformation of the Soviet state into a superpower. This myth legitimizes the political ambitions of contemporary Russia, justifies its position and special historical mission. On the one hand, the return of the Soviet heritage and socio-political practices has constructive effects. The heroic myth of the Soviet past has a powerful consolidating and mobilizing potential. It is quite capable of playing the role of a national ideology. Moreover, the formation of a new Russian identity is impossible without the Soviet past. On the other hand, attempts to restore the Soviet past can have destructive effects. In the new realities, elements of the Soviet socio-political practice can slow down the country's development since in fact the image of the future is replaced by a mythologized and idealized image of the past.
"The scoundrel Lunacharsky!": Anonymous letters from citizens to the first People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Gordeev Pyotr N.
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes anonymous letters from citizens to the first People's Commissar of Education of the Soviet state Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky (1875–1933), stored in his personal fund in the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. In the general array of letters from Soviet people to Lunacharsky, six anonymous messages were identified. It is noted that their authors, who prudently concealed their name, were, as a rule, sharply critical of the policy of the Soviet government. The list of topics raised by the anonymous authors has been determined: the ruthlessness of the punitive organs of the world's first socialist state, the devastation of the Russian countryside, the plight of the people under the rule of the Bolsheviks. The authors of the letters contrasted this harsh reality with what was reflected in Lunacharsky's bravura reports and articles. The article emphasizes that anonymous authors devoted a significant place to problems related to the anti-church policy of the authorities: the destruction of churches, the persecution of believers, the nihilistic attitude of the authorities towards the Russian past (which was blamed specifically on Lunacharsky). It was to him, as the People's Commissar of Education, that reproaches were addressed for the activities of schools that "corrupt" young people with the propaganda of godlessness, for indulging the abuse of figures of "Left art" over Russian classics, especially vividly manifested in Meyerhold's productions. It is noted that Lunacharsky's personal life also became a target for the anonymous critics. He was accused of promiscuity, excessive love; often such "personal" criticism was addressed to Lunacharsky's second wife, actress Nataliya Rosenel, who was disliked because of her predilections for a "beautiful life." Even those letter writers who were not opposed and shared communist ideals believed that Rosenel discredited Lunacharsky, dropped his political authority and cast a shadow on the party. It is concluded that the entire palette of public discontent was reflected in the anonymous letters. Reproaches, anger, disappointment – all this was discussed in detail by the authors, not only because they felt free without giving their name. The personality of the addressee, known for his culture and broad outlook, also had a frank conversation. Although the anonymous authors mostly criticized him as a prominent figure of the communist regime, deep down, one can assume that they hoped that Lunacharsky would be able to hear and understand what prompted them to write letters. It is in this attitude that the value of the anonymous letters lies – they are a historical source that allows the researcher to see the "sore points" of Soviet society in the 1920s and early 1930s unnoticed by the official press and literature.
Development of state policy towards non-Russian non-Orthodox peoples during the imperial period and its implementation in Vyatka eparchy
Authors:   Volga-Vyatka Institute – Branch of the Kutafin Moscow State Law Academy, Kalinina Darya A. , Kriushina Vera A. ,   Kirov State Medical University
Published: December 2024

The article aims to identify and analyze the stages of the confessional policy of the Russian Empire towards nonRussian non-Orthodox peoples, as well as the practice of their implementation in a region with a diverse ethno-confessional composition. The chronological scope of the study covers the 18th and 19th centuries, which is due to the tendency to intensify the state's confessional policy during this period. The spatial scope of the study is determined by the boundaries of Vyatka eparchy in the specified period. The source base for the study consisted of various categories of historical sources. First of all, these are codes of laws, acts of the Holy Synod, which made it possible to identify the dynamics of state religious policy. The orders of the Vyatka eparchy authorities and the paperwork documents of the Vyatka Ecclesiastical Consistory were actively used, demonstrating the real implementation of state policy towards the non-Russian non-Orthodox residents of Vyatka. The most important in solving the research problems are journalistic sources published in the periodical Vyatskie Eparkhial'nye Vedomosti. The methodological basis of the study is a problem-chronological approach. In accordance with it, the study is structured on the principle of characterizing individual stages of the ethno-confessional policy of the Russian Empire towards non-Russian non-Orthodox peoples and the specifics of its implementation in Vyatka Province. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were made: confessional policy during the period under review was determined both by state interests and the ideological attitudes of the Russian emperors. The expansion of the tasks that the state set for the Russian
Orthodox Church is traced, from the fundamental maintenance of civilizational unity in the multi-ethnic environment of Russia by strengthening Orthodoxy to the support of the state system in the context of the spread of anti-state movements and revolutionary societies. There is a close connection between the Church and the state into a single organism aimed at achieving the benefit of Russian society. During the 18th and 19th centuries, non-violent methods of implementing confessional policy towards non-Russian non-Orthodox peoples remained unchanged. The degree of independence of local eparchy authorities in determining a set of measures as reactions to national events and tasks set by both secular and church leadership is reflected.