bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transporting false doors at the construction site of the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari
Authors: Dziedzic Teresa
Published: August 2019

The article presents a probable way of transporting false doors to their location within the Temple of Hatshepsut during its construction. The issue does not seem to be of particular significance until one considers the value of the false doors as such and the impossibility of using heavy equipment in the chapels of the Complex of the Royal Mortuary Cult. The false doors had to be introduced into the construction site at the time that the walls of the chapel were being raised but before the building of the vaults. The options discussed in the article illustrate the logistical problems of the undertaking and the construction opportunities that might have been taken advantage of. The discussion provides a closer look at the construction processes taking place in the Temple of Hatshepsut during the separate stages of expansion and the changes in its functional and spatial design. In consequence, it reopens the debate on the building chronology of the temple.
Two relief fragments from the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari in the Egypt Centre, Swansea
Authors: Griffin Kenneth
Published: August 2019

During a student handling session at the Egypt Centre, Swansea University, two relief fragments from Hatshepsut’s temple at Deir el-Bahari were identified. Both fragments had been cut from the walls of the temple, most likely in the late 19th century, before arriving in Swansea via the Wellcome collection in 1971. One fragment contains two columns of text (W351b) while the second depicts the head of a figure (W1376). This paper examines these two fragments, identifying the head of the figure as Hatshepsut’s daughter, the God’s Wife of Amun Neferure.
The gods bestow life. New material for the study of divine processions in the Vestibule of the Chapel of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari
Authors: Kopp Edyta
Published: August 2019

The decoration of the Vestibule of the Chapel of Hatshepsut in the queen’s temple in Deir el-Bahari resembles the decoration of the square antechamber known from the pyramid temples of the Old and Middle Kingdoms. However, the original decorative program of the vestibule, especially with regard to the processions of divinities, is obscured by changes and damage attributable to different periods. Two new blocks, proposed for the west wall of the vestibule, contribute new information on the relief decoration from the time of Hatshepsut. Egyptological studies of the decoration of the vestibule have also enabled a revision of the suggested architrave arrangement in this chamber.
Clay funerary figurines from tombs MMA 1151 and MMA 1152 in Sheikh Abd el-Gurna
Authors: Kaczanowicz Marta
Published: August 2019

A significant number of clay ushebtis comes from two Middle Kingdom tombs MMA 1151 and 1152 investigated by a Polish team in Western Thebes. The funerary figurines belong to a later phase of tomb reuse in the first millennium BC. Nine types were distinguished: six of baked clay and three of unbaked clay. The types and their distribution in the Theban necropolis are discussed in this paper, including the implications of these findings for the debate on the existence of workshops manufacturing funerary goods in Thebes
Refinement of the formula for assessing the wear rate of excavator teeth
Authors: Kritskii Dmitrii U. , Pantelik M. , Pobegailo Petr A. , Gadolina Irina V. , Papić L.
Published: August 2019

On the basis of the experimental data obtained during the observation of the operational reliability of mining excavators, the authors clarified the formula for assessing the abrasive wear rate of rotary excavator bucket teeth under the conditions of a specific coal mining complex in Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Russia). Despite the fact that, in accordance with the global trend, the production of hydrocarbon carriers should be reduced, and in some countries, coal production has already been stopped (Germany), the energy sector of many countries is still to a great extent based on the use of coal. In this regard, improving the reliability of mining equipment is of great practical interest. To assess the reliability, predict the time to replace parts and plan the volume of production of spare parts, it is important for engineers to have the method for wear rate estimation. The method for this estimation, known since 1986, [1] was modified by the authors to clarify the defining constant in the equation. The clarification was made on the basis of experimental data, with the use of information from the literature and on the basis of experts’ recommendations. Real data concerning the reliability and wear rate were used.
UTOPIA AND INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM. THE MYTH OR THE POSTULATE?
Authors: Kuźnicz Karol
Published: August 2019

From its creation, the utopian thought has been idealistic and concerns the life of the individual in an organized human community. Defining the conditions for the exercice of freedom in utopias it a necesary element of their functioning. Firstly in this article, the author states that freedom in utopias is a apriori assumed by their creators. Secondly the freedom of the individual is always limited by something, usually by the coomon good. Thirdly, contrary to the assumptions of varius types of liberalism – freedom in the utopias is not the most important and particulary exposed value. Fourthly the freedom in utopias
is neither a postulate not a myth. Neverthelesse, utopias try to reconcile many values, that is very difficult in the reality, for example the freedom with the equality
Do círculo ao quadrado, um estudo sobre a convergência de uma sequência de curvas
Authors: Porto Anderson Luiz Pedrosa , Santiago Douglas Frederico Guimarães , Gomes Leonardo , Macedo Márcio Henrique Marques
Published: August 2019

Neste trabalho apresentamos aplicações dos conceitos de convergência de sequências numéricas e de funções a um problema geométrico, o qual surgiu a partir de uma análise utilizando-se do GeoGebra. Tal questão envolve o comportamento de uma família de traços de curvas planas, cujo traço da curva inicial é dado por um círculo de raio k e cujo os demais, se aproximam, intuitivamente, de um quadrado de lado medindo 2k. É feita uma prova desta convergência, bem como, uma demonstração de que as áreas subentendidas pelos traços das curvas e os comprimentos de arco destas, convergem respectivamente para a área e comprimento de arco do quadrado limite. Também apresentamos uma breve ambientação histórica dos conceitos de convergência e das ideias de infinito por trás destes conceitos. Com o objetivo de ser desenvolvido ao nível de graduação, tal artigo vai de certa forma, de encontro ao que historicamente foi feito para se determinar características de figuras curvas através de aproximações por figuras retilíneas.
Um sistema baseado em regras fuzzy para caracterizar o perfil de um investidor
Authors: Santos Tais Mara dos , Valentino Michele Cristina , Azevedo Douglas , Bellucci Danilo Peixoto
Published: August 2019

Neste trabalho é proposto um sistema de classificação do perfil de um investidor por meio de base de regras fuzzy. Para tal, é utilizado o ambiente GUIDE do Matlab, para construir uma interface interativa, no qual são fornecidas, pelo potencial investidor, respostas para cinco questões (baseadas no modelo da ANBIMA), que versam sobre suas finanças. A partir destas respostas, o sistema apresenta como saída uma das características: investidor conservador, investidor moderado ou investidor arrojado, indicando também uma sugestão do tipo de investimento que melhor se enquadra a seu perfil. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com os resultados obtidos pelo API do Banco Paulista.
Qualidade da água superficial de reservatórios temporários localizados entre a região semiárida e o litoral do Nordeste Brasileiro
Authors: Nobrega Thiago Farias , Souza Raquel Franco , Medeiros Guilherme Fulgencio
Published: August 2019

Na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Doce (BHRD), Nordeste Brasileiro, verifica-se ocupação não planejada, poluição e elevado déficit hídrico, tais fatores foram agravados pela seca que se iniciou em 2012, o que pode implicar em conflitos e distúrbios sociais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar características físicas, químicas e ecotoxicológicas em relação a precipitação mensal, ocupação do solo e critérios de qualidade de água, de amostras de água de oito reservatórios superficiais, de duas sub-bacias, em agosto de 2016. Na região estudada verificou-se que os valores de condutividade elétrica e os teores de dureza, Cd, Ni e cloreto foram significativamente diferentes entre as sub-bacias, isto provavelmente se deve à fatores naturais, como a geologia predominante em cada sub-bacia. Em todas as estações de amostragem os metais Cd, Pb, Cu e Zn apresentam inconformidades aos critérios de qualidade de água para proteção da vida aquática, para consumo humano e criação de animais foi o Pb e a salinidade para o uso na irrigação. Além disso os efeitos tóxicos à reprodução de M. micrura e C. silvestrii, provavelmente causados por Pb, Cu, Zn, indicam que o uso de espécies nativas para analisar amostras ambientais é indispensável para maior representatividade e relevância da pesquisa.
Nova Economia Institucional: uma análise do setor sucroenergético, destacando os fatores institucionais face à produção e comercialização da bioeletricidade
Authors: Santos Paula da Silva , Cruz Bruna Laís Ojeda , Silva Frederico Fonseca
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste ensaio teórico é analisar a influência do ambiente institucional, destacando os fatores institucionais, ou seja, nos elementos integrantes das regras do jogo, no aumento de produção e comercialização de energia elétrica, advinda da biomassa da cana-de-açúcar, na qualidade de recursos de energias renováveis. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, a luz do aporte teórico da Nova Economia Institucional – NEI -, que trata do papel das Instituições. Acredita-se que se trata de um estudo relevante, visto que a matriz energética brasileira está passando um período de transição, ou seja, de restruturação, para que fontes alternativas renováveis componham o abastecimento da matriz elétrica que ainda é dependente dos combustíveis fósseis, que como se sabe, estes últimos são potenciais geradores de severos e complexos impactos socioambientais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, puramente bibliográfica, descritiva e com abordagem qualitativa. Como resultado, constatou-se que o desempenho das organizações é influenciado pelo ambiente institucional e que as organizações também podem influenciar nas regras do jogo. Conclui-se que o sucesso para a produção e comercialização em mercados domésticos e internacionais de energias renováveis, dependerá diretamente de políticas globais e regionais que envolvam os aspectos da produção e comercialização.
Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil against Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Martinazzo Ana Paula , Oliveira Filipe da Silva de , Teodoro Carlos Eduardo de Souza
Published: August 2019

The search for alternatives for the control of microbiological contamination in foods has been the object of study in different scientific areas. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil in controlling the growth of the fungus Aspergillus flavus in three types of analysis: first, by in vitro tests, in essential oil doses between 0.2 and 1.0 μL/ml; second, by serial microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, in doses between 0.1 and 1.2 μL/mL; and third, by inhibition of fungal growth in corn kernels contaminated using essential oil doses of 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 μL/mL, in the incubation times of 14, 28, and 42 days. The in vitro tests showed that the essential oil controlled the fungus from doses of 0.6 μL/mL, but the dose of 1.0 μL/mL controlled 100% growth until day eight of incubation, from which it decreased. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the microdilution analysis was 0.9 μL/mL. The evaluation of the corn kernels for all doses of essential oil and times tested showed 100% inhibition of the fungal growth.
A distribuição Half-Normal generalizada discreta: uma distribuição alternativa na análise de dados de contagem
Authors: Mazucheli Josmar , Oliveira Ricardo Puziol de , Cardoso Jean Carlos
Published: August 2019

Geralmente, dados que são obtidos por processos de contagem, estritamente discretos ou discretizados (provenientes de truncamentos e/ou arredondamentos), são analisados, sem exaustão, pelas distribuições Geométrica, Logarítmica, Poisson e Binomial negativa. Nos últimos anos um grande número de distribuições discretas vêm sendo propostas na literatura a partir da discretização de variáveis aleatórias contínuas. Muitos dos métodos de discretização preservam uma ou mais características da versão contínua, sendo que a proposta de Nakagawa e Osaki (1975) é a mais utilizada. Neste artigo, a partir dessa metodologia, a qual faz uso da função de sobrevivência, é proposta a versão discreta da distribuição Half-Normal generalizada contínua, introduzida na literatura por Cooray e Ananda (2008). Discute-se algumas de suas propriedades e via simulações Monte Carlo avalia-se o viés e a acurácia das estimativas obtidas pelo método da máxima verossimilhança e pelo método dos momentos. Alguns conjuntos de dados discretos da literatura são considerados para ilustrar a aplicabilidade da distribuição proposta.
O uso de energia elétrica nas universidades federais brasileiras, sob o enfoque do Plano de Gestão de Logística Sustentável
Authors: Silva Elton Jorge da , Lopes José Carlos de Jesus , Padgett Rosamaria Cox Moura-Leite , Figueiredo Jeovan de Carvalho , Binotto Erlaine , Silva Frederico Fonseca da
Published: August 2019

O Plano de Gestão Logística Sustentável (PLS) é uma das iniciativas do Governo Federal brasileiro para promover a racionalização de gastos e práticas sustentáveis na Administração Pública. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, nas implementações do PLS das Universidades Federais brasileiras (UF), as ações vinculadas ao tema mínimo energia elétrica. Foram coletados os PLS, os Planos de Ações (PA) e os respectivos Relatórios de Acompanhamento (RA) de todas as UF. As ações foram classificadas em categorias, criadas com base na literatura e na legislação que versa sobre o uso de energia elétrica no setor público e nas UF. A análise dos documentos revelou que menos da metade das UF não têm cumprindo as determinações legais impostas, principalmente no que diz respeito à publicação de documentos. Verificou-se também que apesar dos PA contemplarem, em grande parte, as categorias criadas, os RA demonstram que o sucesso na implementação das ações não é alto.
Evaluation of the seedvigor of Tournefortia paniculata Cham. post-digestive tract of the ruby-crowned tanager Tachyphonus coronatus (Vieillot, 1822)
Authors: Thode Filho Sérgio , Franco Heider Alves , Jorge Emanuele Nunes de Lima Figueiredo , Oliveira Mariana de Souza , Oliveira Jhon Lenon Genovez de , Ferreira Idelmar , Berto Bruno Pereira
Published: August 2019

Endozoochory (dispersion with passage through the digestive system of animals) is one of the most important processes. It is included in the ecological process known as dispersive mutualism, benefit the species involved. The most used method to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds is carried out based on the traditional germination test. However, electrical conductivity tests with seeds of forest species are still scarce, especially those developed with the individual method, which provide greater fidelity to the results so that through this one can define the test by the mass methods. The current work aimed to investigate the vigor, from the electrical conductivity of the seeds of Tournefortia paniculata Cham. after passage through the digestive tract of a ruby-crowned tanager Tachyphonus coronatus (Vieillot, 1822). An expedition was conducted in a fragmented area of Atlantic Forest in process of reforestation in the campus of the IFRJ. After the capture of the passerine with mist nets, proceeded the identification of seeds shed in its feces. The experimental design was completely randomized with one treatments with five replicates. The results allowed concluded that the seed of the T. paniculata Cham. after digestive tract of the ruby-crowned tanager presented high electrical conductivity in three of its replicates at the individual level.
Study of CO2 flux and soil carbon in northern Pantanal, Brazil
Authors: Pinto Junior Osvaldo Borges , Carvalho Paula Valéria , Couto Eduardo Guimarães
Published: August 2019

The determination of greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands are of great interest given the biogeochemistry these areas exhibit. We measure soil CO2 concentration and monthly fluxes on a tree island of the Northern Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and estimate the role of soil as a carbon source or sink during high tide, low tide, flooding, and drought seasons. The average value of the CO2 fluxes in the wetland soil was 0.54 Â± 0.30 g (CO2)Â·m- 2Â·h- 1 with the soil acting as a carbon source at -9.11 ton.Â·ha-1 over the one year cycle. Soil CO2 fluxes were significantly correlated with soil moisture and temperature at 5 cm depth. Soil CO2 concentrations reached more than 100 ppm. Soil carbon stocks did not correlate significantly with variables in this study, suggesting that non-measured variables can influence soil carbon dynamics.
Visioner for forskningsbiblioteker. Et forsknings- og uddannelsesperspektiv
Authors: Hjørland Birger
Published: August 2019

Artiklen analyserer de udfordringer, som den digitale udvikling stiller forskningsbibliotekerne overfor. Den betragter kort forskningsbibliotekernes kernefunktioner, der i lyset af digitalisering ikke længere kan isoleres fra forlagsfunktioner og visse andre typer af formidlingsfunktioner. Visionen i denne artikel er ikke biblioteket som et fysisk sted, men løsning af informationsopgaver i relation til videnskabelig kommunikation og formidling, herunder undervisning i informationssøgning (dvs. etablering af ”information literacy” hos brugerne) og etablering af metadata, der gør en forskel. Biblioteksvæsnets organisation må gentænkes, og modeller a la KVINFO eller det tyske Zentrum für Psychologische Information und Dokumentation (ZPID) ses som mulige fremtidsmodeller. Artiklen belyser, hvordan problemstillinger og fremtidige kvalifikationer må udvikles med udgangspunkt i videnskabsstudier.
Viden i spil. Et bud på bibliotekernes rolle i fremtiden
Authors: Nielsen Jytte
Published: August 2019

Med udgangspunkt i KVINFOs arbejde med opbygning af en kvindehistorisk netportal argumentererartiklen for, at forskningsbibliotekerne i fremtiden bør påtage sig en større rolle som medspillerei vidensproduktionen og i forskningsformidlingen.Forskningsbibliotekerne ligger nemlig inde medbåde en fagfaglig og en biblioteksfaglig ekspertisesamtidig med at de har en stor viden om brugernesbehov. Viden som tilsammen kalder på udvikling afnye vidensværktøjer. KVINFOs erfaringer på detteområde kan muligvis inspirere andre forskningsbiblioteker.
L’égalité politique et les limites de la démocratie procédurale
Authors: Guénard Florent
Published: August 2019

Tout le monde semble s’accorder pour penser la démocratie comme le régime de l’égalité politique. Mais les divergences sont nombreuses dès qu’on s’interroge sur le contenu de cette égalité et sur les raisons qu’on peut invoquer pour la justifier.

Deux types d’arguments semblent s’opposer sur ce point. On peut considérer, comme R. Dahl par exemple, que l’égalité politique est requise afin que la désignation des gouvernants par la voie électorale puisse paraître légitime et qu’elle ne soit pas contestée. L’argument est alors procédural. On peut également considérer, comme T. Nagel par exemple, que cette justification est insuffisante parce qu’elle est extérieure à l’idée démocratique, et que si celle-ci implique que tous aient le même statut politique, c’est parce qu’elle est le régime général de l’égalité, et que l’égalité politique en est la première forme. L’argument est alors substantiel.

L’objet de cet article est double. Il s’agit d’une part de comprendre ce que les défenseurs d’une conception substantielle de la démocratie reprochent à ceux qui définissent celle-ci en termes procéduraux. Il s’agit d’autre part de se demander s’il est possible de s’en tenir à une justification seulement procédurale de l’égalité politique, et en conséquence de s’interroger sur l’interprétation que l’on doit en avoir.
Pourquoi confronter les raisons ?
Authors: Girard Charles
Published: August 2019

Maintes philosophies contemporaines de la démocratie s’accordent pour donner à la délibération publique une place centrale dans la prise de décisions politiques légitimes. Cet accord masque toutefois un désaccord récurrent sur la source de sa valeur : elle est liée, selon les théories, à son effet sur les participants, à sa valeur expressive, à son équité ou encore à la qualité des décisions qu’elle produit. Ces visions concurrentes de la délibération démocratique ont des implications différentes et parfois contradictoires pour les pratiques et les institutions politiques. Cet article analyse ces justifications afin d’en éprouver la solidité et de clarifier leurs relations. Il défend une justification originale de la délibération démocratique, en montrant qu’elle traite équitablement les citoyens en tant qu’auditeurs, donc en tant que juges. S’il n’est pas sûr qu’elle favorise en général la prise de bonnes décisions, elle rend moins inégales les conditions sous lesquelles les citoyens peuvent porter un jugement politique.
Le républicanisme, une solution de rechange au libéralisme politique ?
Authors: Desmons Ophélie
Published: August 2019

Comment interpréter le renouveau du républicanisme ? Faut-il y voir, comme c’est souvent le cas, une tentative de formuler une véritable option de remplacement au libéralisme politique ? Le républicanisme est-il une théorie parfaitement distincte du libéralisme politique, capable de ne pas sombrer dans les mêmes écueils ? L’ambition de cet article est d’apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions, en se focalisant sur le cas de la liberté de conscience. En faisant dialoguer le libéralisme politique de Rawls et le républicanisme critique de Cécile Laborde, j’entends montrer comment le républicanisme s’emploie à dépasser le libéralisme politique. Je souligne néanmoins les difficultés d’une interprétation perfectionniste du républicanisme et lui oppose une interprétation neutraliste. Cette interprétation neutraliste remet cependant en question l’idée selon laquelle le républicanisme est une option de rechange au libéralisme politique.
Le genre du chômage : effets de perspective
Authors: Moulin Stéphane
Published: August 2019

Cet article porte sur les outils utilisés par Statistique Canada pour mesurer le chômage et le sous-emploi. Il vise à comprendre comment ceux-ci influencent la perception des différences entre les hommes et les femmes en matière d’activité et d’emploi. À partir de l’exploitation des données de deux enquêtes canadiennes (l’Enquête sur la population active et l’Enquête sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu), nous analysons les effets genrés de perspective générés par la construction des catégories du chômage et du sous-emploi (inclusives ou exclusives), le choix des périodes temporelles de référence (une semaine ou un mois) et le type d’analyse méthodologique mis en oeuvre (transversal ou longitudinal). Les résultats suggèrent que la façon de traiter les raisons personnelles et familiales conduit à masquer certaines formes féminines de chômage. Il montre plus généralement que les écarts de chômage entre hommes et femmes s’inversent lorsqu’appréhendés à travers des définitions plus inclusives, des périodes de référence plus longues et des analyses longitudinales.
Confidence predicts speed-accuracy tradeoff for subsequent decisions
Authors: Desender Kobe , Boldt Annika , Verguts Tom , Donner Tobias H
Published: August 2019

When external feedback about decision outcomes is lacking, agents need to adapt their decision policies based on an internal estimate of the correctness of their choices (i.e., decision confidence). We hypothesized that agents use confidence to continuously update the tradeoff between the speed and accuracy of their decisions: When confidence is low in one decision, the agent needs more evidence before committing to a choice in the next decision, leading to slower but more accurate decisions. We tested this hypothesis by fitting a bounded accumulation decision model to behavioral data from three different perceptual choice tasks. Decision bounds indeed depended on the reported confidence on the previous trial, independent of objective accuracy. This increase in decision bound was predicted by a centro-parietal EEG component sensitive to confidence. We conclude that internally computed neural signals of confidence predict the ongoing adjustment of decision policies.
CCN1 interlinks integrin and hippo pathway to autoregulate tip cell activity
Authors: Park Myo-Hyeon , Kim Ae kyung , Manandhar Sarala , Oh Su-Young , Jang Gun-Hyuk , Kang Li , Lee Dong-Won , Hyeon Do Young , Lee Sun-Hee , Lee Hye Eun , Huh Tae-Lin , Suh Sang Heon , Hwang Daehee , Byun Kyunghee , Park Hae-Chul , Lee You Mie
Published: August 2019

CCN1 (CYR61) stimulates active angiogenesis in various tumours, although the mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we report that CCN1 is a key regulator of endothelial tip cell activity in angiogenesis. Microvessel networks and directional vascular cell migration patterns were deformed in ccn1-knockdown zebrafish embryos. CCN1 activated VEGFR2 and downstream MAPK/PI3K signalling pathways, YAP/TAZ, as well as Rho effector mDia1 to enhance tip cell activity and CCN1 itself. VEGFR2 interacted with integrin αvβ3 through CCN1. Integrin αvβ3 inhibitor repressed tip cell number and sprouting in postnatal retinas from endothelial cell-specific Ccn1 transgenic mice, and allograft tumours in Ccn1 transgenic mice showed hyperactive vascular sprouting. Cancer patients with high CCN1 expression have poor survival outcomes and positive correlation with ITGAV and ITGB3 and high YAP/WWTR1. Thus, our data underscore the positive feedback regulation of tip cells by CCN1 through integrin αvβ3/VEGFR2 and increased YAP/TAZ activity, suggesting a promising therapeutic intervention for pathological angiogenesis.
Brian 2, an intuitive and efficient neural simulator
Authors: Stimberg Marcel , Brette Romain , Goodman Dan FM
Published: August 2019

Brian 2 allows scientists to simply and efficiently simulate spiking neural network models. These models can feature novel dynamical equations, their interactions with the environment, and experimental protocols. To preserve high performance when defining new models, most simulators offer two options: low-level programming or description languages. The first option requires expertise, is prone to errors, and is problematic for reproducibility. The second option cannot describe all aspects of a computational experiment, such as the potentially complex logic of a stimulation protocol. Brian addresses these issues using runtime code generation. Scientists write code with simple and concise high-level descriptions, and Brian transforms them into efficient low-level code that can run interleaved with their code. We illustrate this with several challenging examples: a plastic model of the pyloric network, a closed-loop sensorimotor model, a programmatic exploration of a neuron model, and an auditory model with real-time input.
Rbfox1 up-regulation impairs BDNF-dependent hippocampal LTP by dysregulating TrkB isoform expression levels
Authors: Tomassoni-Ardori Francesco , Fulgenzi Gianluca , Becker Jodi , Barrick Colleen , Palko Mary Ellen , Kuhn Skyler , Koparde Vishal , Cam Maggie , Yanpallewar Sudhirkumar , Oberdoerffer Shalini , Tessarollo Lino
Published: August 2019

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent modulator of brain synaptic plasticity. Signaling defects caused by dysregulation of its Ntrk2 (TrkB) kinase (TrkB.FL) and truncated receptors (TrkB.T1) have been linked to the pathophysiology of several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. We found that upregulation of Rbfox1, an RNA binding protein associated with intellectual disability, epilepsy and autism, increases selectively hippocampal TrkB.T1 isoform expression. Physiologically, increased Rbfox1 impairs BDNF-dependent LTP which can be rescued by genetically restoring TrkB.T1 levels. RNA-seq analysis of hippocampi with upregulation of Rbfox1 in conjunction with the specific increase of TrkB.T1 isoform expression also shows that the genes affected by Rbfox1 gain of function are surprisingly different from those influenced by Rbfox1 deletion. These findings not only identify TrkB as a major target of Rbfox1 pathophysiology but also suggest that gain or loss of function of Rbfox1 regulate different genetic landscapes.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of the Hsp70 gene family in allopolyploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) compared with its diploid progenitors
Authors: Liang Ziwei , Li Mengdi , Liu Zhengyi , Wang Jianbo
Published: August 2019

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) plays an essential role in plant growth and development, as well as stress response. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) originated from recently interspecific hybridization between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. In this study, a total of 47 Hsp70 genes were identified in B. napus (AnAnCnCn genome), including 22 genes from An subgenome and 25 genes from Cn subgenome. Meanwhile, 29 and 20 Hsp70 genes were explored in B. rapa (ArAr genome) and B. oleracea (CoCo genome), respectively. Based on phylogenetic analysis, 114 Hsp70 proteins derived from B. napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana, were divided into 6 subfamilies containing 16 Ar-An and 11 Co-Cn reliable orthologous pairs. The homology and synteny analysis indicated whole genome triplication and segmental duplication may be the major contributor for the expansion of Hsp70 gene family. Intron gain of BnHsp70 genes and domain loss of BnHsp70 proteins also were found in B. napus, associating with intron evolution and module evolution of proteins after allopolyploidization. In addition, transcriptional profiles analyses indicated that expression patterns of most BnHsp70 genes were tissue-specific. Moreover, Hsp70 orthologs exhibited different expression patterns in the same tissue and Cn subgenome biased expression was observed in leaf. These findings contribute to exploration of the evolutionary adaptation of polyploidy and will facilitate further application of BnHsp70 gene functions.
Governança em destinos turísticos: desafios na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Coutinho Ana Catarina Alves , Nóbrega Wilker Ricardo de Mendonça
Published: August 2019

A governança turística em destinos turísticos tem sido um tema amplamente debatido na literatura e apesar de preconizar diversos benefícios, estudos demonstram lacunas na sua constituição. Por isto, este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir os principais desafios para a construção da governança de destinos turísticos, a partir de uma análise conjuntural focada nos diferentes fatores sinalizados na literatura. Entende-se que em um contexto de busca de sustentabilidade dos destinos turísticos, faz-se necessário saber como geri-los, considerando suas fragilidades. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia ProKnow-C, através de pesquisa em periódicos científicos tanto nacional como internacional, classificados pela Capes no escopo de A1 até B1. O estudo apresentou que os principais desafios da governança em destinos turísticos são divididos em dois tipos: institucionais e organizacionais. A primeira refere-se a questões associadas ao Estado e a segunda refere-se à relação entre os atores participantes da rede de governança em turismo. Conclui-se, desta forma, que os desafiosinstitucionais e organizacionais devem ser rompidos, visando uma leitura conjuntural e não estrutural das realidades.
Macroeconomic Dynamics, Bank-specific Factors and Deposit Mobilization of the Nigerian Banking Sector
Authors: Bernard Azolibe, Chukwuebuka
Published: August 2019

This study critically examined the nexus between macroeconomic dynamics, bank-specific factors and deposit mobilization of the Nigerian banking sector. Macroeconomic dynamics was proxied by inflation rate, lending rate, exchange rate, government expenditure, unemployment rate and Gross domestic product (GDP) while bank-specific factors was proxied by deposit interest rate, branch network expansion and bank’s liquidity. The study which is ex-post facto, relied mostly on secondary data which were collected through the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) statistical bulletin from 1985-2018. Multiple regression Ordinary Least Square (OLS) statistical tool was applied to establish the like fit to the observed data and the degree of relationship that exist between variables. The granger causality test was employed to establish the causal relationship between the variables. Findings revealed among others that inflation rate measured by the consumer price index and deposit interest rate have negative and significant relationship with deposit mobilization in Nigeria. Exchange rate, unemployment rate and loan-to deposit ratio have negative and insignificant relationship. Lending rate and Government expenditure have insignificant positive relationship while it was only Gross domestic product and number of bank branches that have positive and significant relationship with deposit mobilization in Nigeria. It was recommended among others that deposit interest rate should be fixed based on the level of customer’s deposit so as to act as compensation against the rising trend in inflation rate and also, banks should be more socially responsive by partnering with the Government and other private sectors in sponsoring various entrepreneurship and skill acquisition training programmes in the country that are employment driven. This will ensure that a good number of the unemployed persons are into paid employment and are earning. This will in turn boost their deposit base.
Management of Lagophthalmos in a Patient with Hansen Disease
Authors: Amole Isaac Olusayo , Adesina Stephen Adesope , Durodola Adewumi Ojeniyi , Eyesan Samuel Uwale
Published: August 2019

Aim: To highlight the surgical management of Lagophthalmos in a patient with Hansen disease.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a 58-year old man who had bilateral lagophthamos. He had pre-operative physiotherapy for two weeks, Temporalis muscle transfer for the left eye and post-operative physiotherapy for three weeks. His post-operative period was uneventful and the outcome of the surgery was satisfactory.

Discussion: Lagophthalmos is a fairly common and extremely distressing condition. It is often found in association with corneal anesthesia, which is responsible for the development of the corneal trauma syndrome from keratitis and ulceration leading to blindness. Out of all the surgical methods used in treatment of Lagophthalmos, Temporalis muscle transfer according to the method of Gillies is considered the best procedure.

Conclusion: Surgical correction of Lagophthalmos usually leads to restoration of voluntary blinking and closure of the eye during sleep which effectively protect the eye against further damage. Our patient was able to close his eye during sleep after the surgical correction.
Laboratory Accreditation and Compliance
Authors: Loeffelholz Michael , Samuel Linoj , Sharp Susan E.
Published: December 2024

The current laboratory regulatory framework for accreditation in the United States began with the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1967. The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) program is administered by three agencies within the Department of Health and Human Services: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Food and Drug Administration. CLIA requires that all laboratories have a valid CLIA certificate unless they are CLIA exempt. CLIA inspectors may cite the laboratory for deficiencies based on the nature of the noncompliance. A quality management system is comprehensive; it involves all personnel and includes all phases of the testing workflow: preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical. Quality control testing must be performed and reviewed after performance of significant maintenance on an instrument or replacement of any important part of the test system, including reagents.
Molecular Techniques
Authors: Parikh Bijal A. , Hughes Andrew E. O. , Anderson Neil W.
Published: December 2024

Molecular methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases can be broadly grouped into three categories: probe‐based methods without amplification, signal amplification methods, and target amplification methods. These methods differ significantly in terms of their technical requirements, analytical sensitivity, and specificity, which inform the role of individual techniques in specific clinical applications. Probe‐based methods without amplification are among the earliest‐described and simplest molecular tests. The analytical sensitivity of nucleic acid probes can be greatly enhanced through signal amplification, which allows the detection of low quantities of nucleic acid directly from clinical specimens. Transcription‐mediated amplification is a commonly utilized form of PCR‐free target amplification. Molecular assays all have some degree of susceptibility to inhibition by external substances. Quality assurance plans should be designed with consideration of the challenges and potential pitfalls of molecular testing. Molecular methods are exquisitely sensitive, making them very susceptible to false positivity due to environmental contamination.
General Approaches to the Identification of Aerobic Gram‐Positive Rods
Authors: Bernard Kathryn A.
Published: December 2024

All strains of Gram‐positive rods can be grown on blood agar plates, with specific descriptions of growth requirements. Gram‐positive organisms demonstrating “regular” rods are those cells with usually parallel longitudinal edges. “Irregular” rods are those organisms with cells observed to have curved or coccoidal longitudinal edges which are not parallel; these taxa can produce yellowish‐pigmented, yellow‐pigmented, or orange‐pigmented colonies. Molecular methods may be required for definitive identification to genus and species level for bacteria which are poorly reactive biochemically and/or are under represented or absent from databases of commercial matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) systems. MALDI‐TOF MS technology is widely used in clinical microbiology, because that method has been found to provide rapid, cost‐effective, and accurate identifications of both common and rare pathogens.
Shielding Performance of a New Coating Material Composed of Polyurea Resin and Tungsten Carbide against X‐Rays
Authors: Aghabaklooei Soheil , Funamizu Hirofumi , Fuchita Yasuhiro , Yasuda Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

Proper shielding measures are essential for protecting individuals from the harm of radiation exposure. In this study, a novel composite of tungsten carbide microparticles and polyurea resin (PUWC), which has the advantage of easy implementation in existing facilities by spraying in addition to low toxicity and high flexibility is investigated as an alternative radiation shielding material against photon radiation. The uniform distribution of tungsten carbide (WC) particles synthesized PUWC sheets is confirmed using the technique of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Macroscopic uniformity is examined using a radiochromic film (Gafchromic EBT3) for X‐rays. The shielding effects of PUWC against X‐rays (160 kV, 6.3 mA) are examined for four sheets with different WC concentrations (15, 20, 30, and 50 wt%), lead, and aluminum. It is found that a PUWC sheet with a higher WC concentration has a better shielding performance; the PUWC sheet with 50 wt% WC shows a performance comparable to that of lead with respect to mass attenuation. These results indicate the potential of PUWC as an alternative shielding material for lead, which is toxic to human health and the environment. Further investigations on the practicality of this novel material are needed.
Preparation of Single‐Crystal MoS2 Nanotubes and 1D Van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Guo Jia , Zhai Linxin , Zhang Xinrui , Sheng Jian , Qiao Ruixi , Liu Kaihui , Xu Zhiping , Li Yan
Published: December 2024

Single‐crystal MoS2 nanotubes possess outstanding electronic and optoelectronic properties. However, previous attempts to synthesize MoS2 nanotubes are hindered by poor crystallinity and the high strain energy required to roll a sheet with three atomic layers into a tubular structure. Here, the confined template growth of well‐crystallized MoS2 nanotubes encapsulated within carbon nanotubes, forming 1D van der Waals heterostructures, is reported. The growth of MoS2 nanotubes is catalyzed by iron carbide. CNTs serve as nanoreactors and structurally confined templates, ensuring the growth of fine MoS2 nanotubes. Water vapor is employed to manipulate the structure and morphology of resultant MoS2. Free‐standing MoS2 nanotubes are obtained by removing outer CNTs with gentle plasma etching. This method demonstrate the power of coupling the catalytic effect and the space confinement in the growth of high‐quality MoS2 nanotubes, which may become a common strategy for the preparation of general 1D nanostructures of various transition metal dichalcogenides and other materials.
An Extreme Environment Capable Self‐Healing Single Active Layered Triboelectric Sensors as Fully Recyclable and Transparent Human‐Machine Interfaces
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Li Pengju , Tan Yu Jun , Yang Zijie , See Hian Hian , Yang Weidong , Liang Fang‐Cheng , Cheng Xu , Tee Benjamin C. K.
Published: December 2024

Current approaches to triboelectric devices require multiple layers. Here, a transparent ultra‐stretchable single active layered ionic‐based nanogenerator is shown that can self‐heal in both dry and wet environments. Despite being conductive, surprisingly the ionogel exhibits triboelectric properties and generates output voltages ranging from 1.7 to 70 V. By tuning the ionic liquid concentration, unique triboelectric devices with position‐detection and energy harvesting ability are developed. This design enables visualization of the mechanical force distribution through the mechano‐electric‐optical conversion process, which is achieved by changing it from an insulating dielectric material to a tribo‐negative ionic conducting material. The triboelectric device maintains its stability and self‐healing ability at extreme environments (−20 to 380 °C, pH 1.3 to 13), and the device can be fully closed‐loop recycled for reuse. Various human‐machine interface applications such as untethered self‐powered light‐emitting jellyfish‐like devices are demonstrated, a mechano‐thermal sensor array, and tactile recognition of object shapes with over 91% accuracy using convolution neural networks (CNN).
Skin‐Inspired in‐Sensor Encoding of Strain Vector Using Tunable Quantum Geometry
Authors: Liu Zenglin , Shi Jingwen , Cao Jin , Ma Zecheng , Yang Zaizheng , Cui Yanwei , Wang Lizheng , Dai Yudi , Chen Moyu , Wang Pengfei , Xie Yongqin , Chen Fanqiang , Shi Youguo , Xiao Cong , Yang Shengyuan A. , Cheng Bin , Liang Shi‐Jun , Miao Feng
Published: December 2024

Human skin provides crucial tactile feedback, allowing to skillfully perceive various objects by sensing and encoding complex deformations through multiple parameters in each tactile receptor. However, replicating this high‐dimensional tactile perception with conventional materials' electronic properties remains a daunting challenge. Here, a skin‐inspired method is presented to encode strain vectors directly within a sensor. This is achieved by leveraging the strain‐tunable quantum properties of electronic bands in the van der Waals topological semimetal Td‐WTe2. Robust and independent responses are observed from the second‐order and third‐order nonlinear Hall signals in Td‐WTe2 when subjected to variations in both the magnitude and direction of strain. Through rigorous temperature‐dependent measurements and scaling law analysis, it is established that these strain responses primarily stem from quantum geometry‐related phenomena, including the Berry curvature and Berry‐connection polarizability tensor. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that strain‐dependent nonlinear Hall signals can efficiently encode high‐dimensional strain information using a single device. This capability enables accurate and comprehensive sensing of complex strain patterns in the embossed character “NJU”. The findings highlight the promising application of topological quantum materials in advancing next‐generation, bio‐inspired flexible electronics.
Electron Donor‐Functionalized Pyrenes with Amplified Spontaneous Emission for Violet–Blue Electroluminescent Devices Beyond the Spin Statistical Limit
Authors: Welscher Philipp J. , Straub Daniel , Stümpges Florian , Respondek A. Lennart , Esser Birgit , Kuehne Alexander J. C.
Published: December 2024

Direct electrically pumped organic lasers remain inaccessible to date, due to an interplay of different adverse effects. The most important of these effects are insufficient charge carrier mobility in the organic material, accumulation of triplet excitons upon charge injection, and absorption from the electrodes in the device. While triplet state management can be achieved using molecules that recycle triplet states into emissive singlet states, these molecules rarely support amplified emission. Pyrene derivatives not only show excellent charge transport properties, but their rigid π‐conjugated structure also entails excellent electro‐ and photoluminescence efficiency. Pyrenes exhibit very low‐lying first excited triplet states, rendering this class of molecules interesting for ultrafast upper‐level reverse intersystem crossing. This process counteracts the triplet accumulation in organic lasers. Here, pyrenes are functionalized with electron‐rich moieties of different donor strengths. Through comprehensive spectroscopic and quantum chemical analysis, the character of the charge transfer excited state is correlated with optical properties, excited state lifetimes, amplified spontaneous emission, and triplet recycling. Two donor functionalized pyrenes are reported with violet–blue emission that overcome the spin‐statistical limit of conventional organic emitters with spin factors ηST of up to 0.43 and low thresholds for amplified spontaneous emission Eth down to 1.73 µJ cm−2.