bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Nomophobia Based on Shyness, Loneliness and Anxiety in Shiraz Teenagers
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Payamnoor University, Tehran, Iran, Dehghaniana Zahra , Bordbara Fariba Tabe ,   Department of Psychology, Payamnoor University, Tehran, Iran
Published: April 2024

Background: Various factors can be associated with nomophobia in teenagers due to their sensitive age during puberty. Establishing effective communication and social relations is one of the most important concerns for teenagers and young people. Methods: The present applied study is conducted to predict nomophobia based on shyness, loneliness and anxiety among teenagers in Shiraz. This study is descriptive cross-sectional research in terms of method and time frame of data collection. This study’s statistical population includes the teenagers of Shiraz, among which 150 were randomly selected. Four standard questionnaires (shyness scale, loneliness scale, anxiety scale and nomophobia scale) were used to collect research data. Iranian researchers have already translated, localized and validated these questionnaires. The validity and reliability of all four questionnaires have been confirmed. The multiple regression method has been used to test the research hypotheses and predict nomophobia. Results: The results have shown that shyness, loneliness and anxiety explain 36% of the variance of nomophobia scores. According to the results, shyness can positively and significantly predict nomophobia (p=0.001, β=0.362). Loneliness can also positively and significantly predict nomophobia (p=0.001, β=0.302). In addition, anxiety can also positively and significantly predict nomophobia (p=0.005, β=0.269). Conclusions: Shyness generally had the strongest prediction, and anxiety had the weakest. In addition, the avoidance component can positively and significantly predict nomophobia. The shyness component in the presence of strangers can also positively and significantly predict nomophobia. Therefore, loneliness, anxiety and shyness can positively and significantly predict nomophobia.
Integration of Plant and Microbial Oil Processing at Oilcane Biorefineries for More Sustainable Biofuel Production
Authors: Cortés-Peña Yoel , Woodruff William , Banerjee Shivali , Li Yalin , Singh Vijay , Rao Christopher , Guest Jeremy
Published: April 2024

Oilcane — an oil-accumulating crop engineered from sugarcane — and microbial oil have the potential to improve renewable oil production and help meet the expected demand for bio-derived oleochemicals and fuels. To assess the potential synergies of processing both plant and microbial oils, the economic and environmental implications of integrating microbial oil production at oilcane and sugarcane biorefineries were characterized. Due to decreased crop yields that lead to higher simulated feedstock prices and lower biorefinery capacities, current oilcane prototypes result in higher costs and carbon intensities than microbial oil from sugarcane. To inform oilcane feedstock development, we calculated the required biomass yields (as a function of oil content) for oilcane to achieve financial parity with sugarcane. At 10 dw % oil, oilcane can sustain up to 30% less yield than sugarcane and still be more profitable in all simulated scenarios. Assuming continued improvements in microbial oil production from cane juice, achieving this target results in a minimum biodiesel selling price of 1.34 [0.90, 1.85] USD∙L-1 (presented as median [5th, 95th] percentiles), a carbon intensity of 0.51 [0.47, 0.55] kg·CO2e·L–1, and a total biodiesel yield of 2140 [1870, 2410] L·ha–1·y–1. Compared to biofuel production from soybean, this outcome is equivalent to 3.0 to 3.9 as much biofuel per hectare of land and a 57 to 63% reduction in carbon intensity. While only 20% of simulated scenarios fell within the market price range of biodiesel (0.45 – 1.11 USD∙L-1), if the oilcane biomass yield would improve to 25.6 DMT∙ha-1∙y-1 (an equivalent yield to sugarcane) 87% of evaluated scenarios would have a minimum biodiesel selling price within or below the market price range.
Using Interaction Fingerprints as a Strategy of Protein-Ligand Interaction Patterns Recognition and Post-Docking Analysis
Authors: Martins-José Andrelly , LOPES Julio CD
Published: April 2024

Analysis of ligand-protein structures can elucidate many biological mechanisms and guide molecular docking studies. Intermolecular interactions can be encoded in different ways. Binary vectors that represent that information can be called “interaction fingerprints,” and working with them is a good strategy to work with a large set of structures. We developed NEQUIM Contact System (NCS) software that generates and analyzes interaction fingerprints of protein-ligand complexes. We employed different encoding vectors available using NCS and we implemented a new strategy that includes sequence alignment and generation of models based on data sets of known structures. Post-docking analysis of virtual screening (VS) of targets PDE5, CDK2, HIVRT, and P38 showed a large increase of area under the curve (AUC) for an optimized protocol for each target. The best increase in AUC results for each target are P38 (116%), PDE5 (64%), HIVRT (40%), and CDK2 (4%).
Determining aluminium co-ordination of kaolinitic clays before and after calcination with electron energy loss spectroscopy
Authors: Marsh Alastair , Brown Andy , Freeman Helen , Walkley Brant , Pendlowski Helen , Bernal Susan
Published: April 2024

Developing a greater understanding of kaolinite dehydroxylation upon calcination is crucial for several industrial applications, including cements. Aluminium coordination in meta-kaolinite indicates the extent of its dehydroxylation and its potential chemical reactivity, and it is typically determined using 27Al magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This technique however presents limitations for Fe-rich materials, given the magnetic properties of Fe ions and minerals containing Fe. In this study, the effect of calcination on Al coordination was assessed in a low-Fe clay used as a reference system, and a Fe-rich clay. Al coordination in the low-Fe clay was quantified via 27Al MAS NMR spectra deconvolution, using data collected at 9.4 T and 11.7 T. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) maps and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements were carried out in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) on both clays. Al K-edge EEL spectra showed distinguishable 4/5-fold Al and 6-fold Al sites in both clay types. Differences in line-profile indicated a higher proportion of 4/5-fold Al in kaolinite in the Fe-rich clay compared to the low-Fe clay. Conversely, the Fe-rich clay contained a lower proportion of 4/5-fold Al in meta-kaolinite after calcination, relative to the low-Fe clay. These differences are consistent with the greater structural disorder of the meta-kaolinite identified in the Fe-rich clay by X-ray diffraction and the geological origins of both clays. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of EELS to provide information about Al coordination for individual kaolinite and meta-kaolinite particles.
Application of confocal laser scanning microscopy to investigation of micro crystals in transparent amorphous media: photoluminescence tomography and spectroscopy of CdZnSSe crystallites in historical silicate glass
Authors: Yuryev Vladimir A. , Uvarov Oleg V. , Yuryeva Tatyana V. , Kalinushkin Victor P.
Published: April 2024

Recently, photoluminescence tomography based on the confocal laser scanning microscopy with two-photon excitation has been developed to study the distribution of point and extended defects in the bulk of ZnSe laser crystals. This article presents the use of the tomography to investigate luminescent micro inclusions in transparent amorphous media such as silicate glass. Studies of CdZnSSe crystals synthesized in a silicate glass melt have been carried out using the tomography with both two-photon and single-photon excitation of luminescence. Zn-rich glass manufactured in the 19th century has been found to contain micron-sized crystals of CdZnSSe of hexagonal crystal system exhibiting intense photoluminescence. The photoluminescence band of these crystals has been found to peak at about 2.1 eV (∼ 590 nm) at 300 K. Minor shifts in the maximum of bands and changes in their shape in individual crystals or at tomogram points within the crystal are associated with variations in their composition. Changes in the photoluminescence band shape and maximum due to the excitation of luminescence in CdZnSSe crystallites by laser radiation of different energies have also been observed in this study.
Top 20 Influential AI-Based Technologies in Chemistry
Authors: Ananikov Valentine
Published: April 2024

The beginning and ripening of digital chemistry is analyzed focusing on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in an expected leap in chemical sciences to bring this area to the next evolutionary level. The analytic description selects and highlights the top 20 AI-based technologies and 7 broader themes that are reshaping the field. It underscores the integration of digital tools such as machine learning, big data, digital twins, the Internet of Things (IoT), robotic platforms, smart control of chemical processes, virtual reality and blockchain, among many others, in enhancing research methods, educational approaches, and industrial practices in chemistry. The significance of this study lies in its focused overview of how these digital innovations foster a more efficient, sustainable, and innovative future in chemical sciences. This article not only illustrates the transformative impact of these technologies but also draws new pathways in chemistry, offering a broad appeal to researchers, educators, and industry professionals to embrace these advancements for addressing contemporary challenges in the field.
UV photochemistry of the L-cystine disulfide bridge in aqueous solution investigated by femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Ochmann Miguel , Harich Jessica , Ma Rory , Freibert Antonia , Lee Jae Hyuk , Nam Daewoong , Kim Sangsoo , Eom Intae , Kim Minseok , Kim Yujin , Gopannagari Madhusudana , Hong Da Hye , Yorke Briony A. , Kim Tae Kyu , Huse Nils
Published: April 2024

Despite the biological relevance of the disulfide bond as the motive, which stabilizes the tertiary structure of many proteins, its photostability, UV-induced bond cleavage mechanisms and secondary photochemistry are still contested after decades of research. In this study, we employed femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy to unravel the photochemistry of the aliphatic disulfide bridge of the semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid L-cysteine (L-cystine) in aqueous solution. We observe homolytic bond cleavage upon UV irradiation and the emergence of thiyl radicals as the single primary photoproduct and its ultrafast decay due to geminate recombination at remarkably high quantum yield in excess of 80% within 20 ps. These dynamics coincide with the emergence of a secondary product, attributed to the perthiyl radical. More than 70% of broken disulfide bridges form within the first nanosecond after bond cleavage. From these observations, we establish a dynamic photostability of the disulfide bridge and a mechanism of perthiyl radical formation from a 'hot' ground-state parent molecule that asymmetrically fragments along a carbon-sulfur bond, resolving long-standing questions in the photochemistry of disulfide bridges in condensed phase.
Amination of Phenols and Halophenols via Pyridinium–Iridium Dual Photocatalysis
Authors: Carson Matthew C. , Liu Cindy R. , Liu Yaning , Kozlowski Marisa C.
Published: April 2024

In this study, we present a photochemical method for the amination of phenols (C–H) and halophenols (SNAr), facilitated by dual catalytic pathways involving both Ir(III) photocatalysis and phenol–pyridinium EDA complexation. By incorporating a pyridinium additive, we achieved efficient C–N coupling between phenols and diverse aromatic nitrogen nucleophiles, delivering high yields (up to 99%) across a wide range of substrates, including pharmaceuticals and natural products. We investigate reaction selectivity and substrate compatibility/limitations through a combination of experimental and computational techniques. Moreover, we highlight the synthetic versatility of the amination products through various late-stage functionalizations including the grafting of two different heteroarenes onto one phenol scaffold.
Modular soft stretchable low-cost elastomers for stereolithography printing structures with extreme dissipative properties
Authors: Rau Daniel , Kim Myoeum , Xu Baoxing , Cai Liheng
Published: April 2024

Additive manufacturing of elastomers enables the fabrication of many technologically important structures and devices. However, it remains a challenge to develop soft and stretchable elastomers for stereolithography (SLA) printing, one of the most used additive manufacturing techniques for producing objects with relatively high-resolution and smooth finishes. Here, we report a modular, soft, stretchable, and low-cost elastomer resin for SLA printing. The resin consists of mainly commodity acrylates and can be photocured to form a dual-crosslinked network containing covalent and reversible crosslinks. Controlling the ratio of covalent and reversible crosslinks, we create elastomers with an exceptional combination of softness and stretchability (Young’s modulus of 20-150 kPa and tensile breaking strain of 510-1350%) that cannot be achieved by existing SLA resins. We demonstrate printing this resin to produce high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) structures with extreme dissipative properties. Further, we develop a setup to show that the 3D structures can protect brain-like soft gels from impact damage in reducing the severity of impact by 75%. Together with the low-cost of raw chemicals and modular nature of the design, our soft and stretchable elastomer resins provide a new class of soft materials for high-fidelity additive manufacturing of functional architectures.
Chemoenzymatic Multistep Retrosynthesis with Transformer Loops
Authors: Kreutter David , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: April 2024

Integrating enzymatic reactions into computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) should help devise more selective, economical, and greener synthetic routes. Herein we report the triple-transformer loop algorithm with biocatalysis (TTLAB) as a new CASP tool for chemo-enzymatic multistep retrosynthesis. Single-step retrosyntheses are performed using two triple transformer loops (TTL), one trained with chemical reactions from the US Patent Office (USPTO-TTL), the second one obtained by multitask transfer learning combining the USPTO dataset with preparative biotransformations from the literature (ENZR-TTL). Each TTL performs single-step retrosynthesis independently by tagging potential reactive sites in the product, predicting for each site possible starting materials (T1) and reagents or enzymes (T2), and validating the predictions via a forward transformer (T3). TTLAB combines predictions from both TTLs to explore multistep sequences using a heuristic best-first tree search and propose short routes from commercial building blocks including enantioselective biocatalytic steps. TTLAB can be used to assist chemoenzymatic route design.
Superior charge transport in Ni-diamine conductive MOFs
Authors: Wang Jiande , Chen Tianyang , Oppenheim Julius , Tan Bowen , Dinca Mircea
Published: April 2024

Two-dimensional conductive metal–organic frameworks (2D cMOFs) are an emerging class of crystalline van der Waals layered materials with tunable porosity and high electrical conductivity. They have been used in a variety of applications, such as energy storage and conversion, chemiresistive sensing, and quantum information. Although de-signing new highly conductive 2D MOFs and studying their composition/structure-property relationships have at-tracted significant attention, there are still very few examples of 2D cMOFs that exhibit room-temperature electrical conductivity above 1 S cm–1. When such high conductivities are achieved, Ni-diamine linkages are often involved, yet Ni-diamine MOFs remain difficult to access. Here, we report two new 2D cMOFs M3(HITT)2 (M = Ni, Cu; HITT = 2,3,7,8,12,13-hexaiminotetraazanaphthotetraphene). Ni3(HITT)2 exhibits electrical conductivity of as high as 4.5 S cm–1 at 298 K, much higher than that of its copper analogue Cu3(HITT)2, 0.05 S cm–1. Spectroscopic analysis reveals that Ni3(HITT)2 exhibits significantly stronger in-plane π-d conjugation and higher density of charge carriers com-pared to Cu3(HITT)2, accounting for the higher electrical conductivity of Ni3(HITT)2. The present work provides a deeper understanding of the influence of metal nodes on the electrical conductivity of cMOFs.
Assessing the effect of iron oxide magnetic nanoflowers on blood components in a multi-scale approach in the context of thromboembolic disease
Authors: Colombo Monika , Meng Yingchao , Poirier-Quinot Marie , Rollet Anne-Laure , Geeverding Audrey , deMello Andrew J , Abou-Hassan Ali
Published: April 2024

Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as promising theranostic agents for cardiovascular diseases. Using a multiscale approach, we investigate the interaction of 27 nm diameter multicore magnetite nanoflowers with blood components. Using flow cytometry and dynamic light scattering, we determine safe magnetite nanoflowers concentration levels. Data indicates negligible impact on red blood cells and white blood cells for all concentrations and exposure durations studied, whilst platelets exhibit reversible activation at high magnetite nanoflowers concentrations. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals significant reductions in T1 and T2 relaxation times in platelets treated with magnetite nanoflowers at high concentrations, indicating efficient internalization. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy confirms morphological changes in platelets exposed to the iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, indicating that internalization occurs via endocytosis. Overall, the findings support the theranostic utility of magnetite iron oxide nanoflowers in whole blood for thromboembolic disease management, with potential for future investigations over longer durations.
Formulation and evaluation of nifedipine fast dissolving tablets
Authors: Gurram Syam Sundar , P Nagaveni , Arigela Sreevalli
Published: April 2024

The current study aims to formulate and evaluate the fast-dissolving tablet. The optimal concentration of Guar gum super disintegrate was found to be 20 mg, with a disintegration time of 27 seconds. This study assessed the disintegration time of tablets containing natural super disintegrant for the Disintegration test at various weight concentrations (6,8,10,12,14,16,18, and 20 mg). As a result, the Nifedipine fast dissolving tablets with Guar gum super disintegrant provide a quick therapeutic effect, a high dissolve rate, and a shorter disintegration time. In this study, the use of a natural (guar gum) super disintegrating agent increases the rate of dissolution as well as length of disintegration of fast-dissolving tablets. In vitro drug release of 96% is demonstrated in 6 minutes with a disintegrating efficiency of 27 seconds for Nifedipine FDTs (guar gum). Consequently, our study has shown that formulations made with a natural super disintegrating agent exhibit shorter disintegration times as well as higher rates of dissolution along with drug release.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in school teachers of Bengaluru
Authors: D Manjula , NS Sasikumar , B Sahu , Babu GR and
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTIONThere is growing burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM in India and is a major public health issue. It is important to study the burden of T2DM in specific occupational groups to plan for the necessary interventions. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of diabetes and work place stress factors among school teachers working in BBMP run schools during the year 2013-2014and also to understand the association of T2DM and job-stress in teachers of urban areas of India.METHODS We followed convenient sampling technique to collect primary data from a sample of 401 school teachers. Teachers were recruited from public schools in city limits of Bruhath Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike BBMP. Data was collected by visiting each school run by the BBMP and collecting information using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Voluntary screening for diabetes was done using a standardized glucometer. Arandom blood sample by finger prick under aseptic conditions was collected from the participants during the administration of the questionnaire. A random blood sugar value of 130 mgdl was considered as a cut off value for the current study. The questionnaire contained details on job stressors socio-demographic characteristics and coexisting illness. We also performed selected anthropometric measurements.RESULTS In our sample of 401 school teachers 20.7 n83 of them were at high risk of developing diabetes with a glucometer reading of more than 130 mgdl 4.4 n18 were diabetics on medication.6.2 n25 had blood glucose levels higher than 200 mgdl. 45 n181 of the subjects were obese and 33 n134 of the study population had Body Mass Index BMI higher than 25. 56 n10 of known diabetics had a parental history of diabetes and in newly detected cases defined by random glucose of more than 200 mgdl52 n43 of them reported a family history of diabetes. Neither unadjusted nor adjusted estimates indicated any association between multiple stressors and diabetes.CONCLUSIONWe report the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in school teachers working in public schools of Bengaluru which was found to be near around 25. Our study did not find any association with work stressors. We infer that there is a huge scope to adopt primordial and primary prevention strategies to prevent the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases. The authorities can focus on improving awareness about diabetes and to adopt better screening methods for preventing diseases and promoting health.nbsp
Dog mediated human rabies free India by 2030: The road map for its accomplishment
Authors: M.K. Sudarshan Dr.
Published: April 2024

None
Morbidity pattern in primary school children of an urban area in Tamilnadu
Authors: P Kalyani , AJW and Arulmani A Felix
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND School children form 20 of total population of india who is vulnerable than rest of population for infection and malnutrition. School health surveys give excellent chance to screen a huge number of pediatric population with minimum resources.OBJECTIVE To find out the morbidity pattern amp nutritional status of primary school children in ChidambaramMETHODS This descriptive study was conducted among primary school children in Chidambaram for a period of 1 week. A total of 125 children were screened for their specific health amp nutritional problems using a predesigned proforma. Clinical examination was done to confirm the morbidity. Collected data was analyzed amp interpreted.RESULTS Out of 125 children 121 97 were found to suffer from one or more morbid condition. A total of 556 morbidities were found in 121 children accounting for 459 morbidities per sick child. Under nutrition 62.4Dental canes 61.6 Skin disease 49.6 Anaemia 40 Nuritional deficiencies 9.6 and Refractive error 4.1 were the common causes of morbidity.CONCLUSION The health ampnutritional status of the scholl children were found to be low. Under nutrition was more in female students compared to their male counterparts.KEYWORDS morbidity pattern nutritional status primary school children.
Profile of animal bite victims attending anti - rabies clinic in a tertiary care hospital, Bengaluru
Authors: V Subathra , SG Kishore , TS and Anil Kumar K Ranganath
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION Timely and complete post exposure prophylaxis is necessary for the animal bite victims to prevent rabies. Henceforth this study is done to know the profile ofanmal bite victims attending Anti bull Rabies Clinic and also to estimate their compliance rate to complete course ofAnti-Rabies Vaccination by intradermal route IDRV.METHODS A Retrospective record based review was conducted in the Anti bull Rabies Clinic of Victoria Hospital. Bengaiuru from January 21a to July 31 2015. The number ofstudy subjects was 1418 aner excluding rat and human bite re-exposure and pre-exposure cases. The compliance rate to IDRV was found outfrom records and also by interviewing the patientortheirguardian through thetelephone.RESULTS This study shows that males were predominantly affected 75.8 constituting the male female ratio 3.11. Majority of the cases were children S 15 years 28.9.96.7 of the vactims were bitten by dogs. of which 65 were from stray dogs whereas the rest from pet dogs ofwhich only 14 were immunized. Lower limbs 32.4 were the most commonEy Involved biting site. Majority 64 had category Ill exposure. Only 25.3 of the victims reported for treatmentwithin 24 hours and 76 4 had compteted the full course of vaccination.CONCLUSION From this study we observed that males have higher incidence of animal bite than the females and most of the cases were children S15 years old. Mapnty had category Ill exposure. Only 76.4 had completed the full course of IDRV which is considerably low for this highly fatal disease. Communities especially the parents and the teachers should be educated through a strong Information Education and Communication programme.
The need for social protection interventions for Tuberculosis control
Authors: K Praveen , K and Himanshu M Anil
Published: April 2024

None
Exploring Perspectives on Public Health Nutrition in India:A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Khandelwal Shweta , Srivastava Akanksha , Paul Tanusree , Nisbett and Ramanan Laxminarayan Nick
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND India has a diverse portfolio of programmes and policies which can potentially play an important role in reducing maternal and child nutrition and yet the levels of malnutrition continue to remain unacceptably high.Research on malnutrition within India has tried to explain this gap from multiple perspectives but so far less work has focused on how the importance of nutrition is perceived in the country from a public health perspective. The objective of this paper is to identify the current capacity and scope of Public Health Nutrition PHN in India and to ascertain the future course of action with respect to effective workforce development.METHODSA qualitative study using in-depth interviews was carried out among a purposively selected sample of twenty five advanced-level public health and nutrition professionals working in academic research and practice settings in India. The two major criteria for this purposive selection were to select those a having a minimum 10 years of professional experience in research teaching and practice in public health andor nutrition b having significant contributions in the field of nutrition research assessed through their publications awards affiliations and recognition as per publicly available information.RESULTS All the respondents acknowledged the potential role that PHN could play in addressing nutritional challenges faced by India today. There was overwhelming consensus among the experts regarding the weak positioning of PHN both in terms of policy and academic initiatives. There is a shortage of professionals trained in PHN at public policy-making level resulting in lack of due focus on nutrition interventions. There are gaps existing in academic initiatives with respect to research skills practical training and inter-disciplinary focus in curricula.CONCLUSIONSThe burden of under nutrition and food insecurity coupled with the rising epidemic of noncommunicable diseases in India calls for an urgent attention to the field of public health and nutrition. The findings of this study highlight the missing identity of a unique and critical field of PHN within the overall nutrition discipline. An urgent need for leadership and robust vision for PHN was articulated by experts.nbsp
Voices from the Top of the Pile: Elites’ Perceptions on Rural Public Health Care Management in Karnataka State - South India
Authors: D.C. Nanjunda Dr.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION Health is one of the prime concerns of mankind since his emergences on the earth. Health is a pre-requisite for human development and is essentially concerned with the well-being of the common man. The issue of rural health has drawn increasing attention both at the national and international level today because of elites role in health policies. In various platform elites have raised criticism focusing on poor health infrastructure and health behavior and its impact on physical mental social moral and spiritual health of the rural folks. In India there is a debate on the expected role of the elites in case of new health policies.OBJECTIVES To explore the perception ofelites regarding various issues of rural health care system in Karnataka south India.METHOD Primary data were collected from the selected 50 elites of the society using structured interview process.RESULTS ampDISCUSSION Elites found poor rural health infrastructure and the various socio-cultural barriers as main hurdles in implementing modern medical health care facilities in the rural parts. It was found that there should be a focus on improving the health status of the rural people stressing promotion of the scientific usage of traditional medicinal system and rapid improvement in rural health infrastructure.nbsp
Assessment Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards Breast Self-Examination Among Female Healthcare Workers In Nelamangala Taluk
Authors: M Kavitha , Jadhav Jyothi , . Vishwanatha , TS Ranganath
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. It accounts for 27 of all cancer cases among women in India.In developing countries the majority of cases arediagnosed in the later stages which are difficult to treat. Breast self-examination is one of the most important methods in the early detection of Breast cancer.OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge attitude and practice regarding breast self-examination among female healthcare workers of Nelamangala Taluk.METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out between August to November 2016among 123 healthcare workers from Nelemangala Taluk to assess their level of knowledge attitude and practice of BSE. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used and each respondent was given a pre-tested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire.RESULTS All the healthcare workers interviewed had heard about BSE 9577.25of them knew that BSE helps in early detection of breast cancer but only 66 53.65of them knew how to do BSE and only 2822.8 of them were performing BSE regularly. Seventy eight 63.5healthcare workers were not practicing BSE as a majority40 32.52 of them did not know how to do the BSE.CONCLUSION The study showed that knowledge and practice of BSE among healthcare workers was inadequate. There is a need for awareness programs to educate healthcare workers about BSE as it helps in the early detection of breast cancer.nbsp
Knowledge regarding emergency contraception among college students
Authors: M. Bharath , D. Hiremath Lalitha
Published: April 2024

Background Emergency contraception refers to contraceptive methods that can be used by women in the first few days following unprotected intercourse to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Knowledge of emergency contraception is particularly important among teenagers because of the high rates of unwanted pregnancy among them.Objectives 1. To assess the knowledge regarding emergency contraceptive methods among the college students. 2. To educate the students about emergency contraceptives.Methodology A cross-sectional study conducted in Bagalkot district among 3rd year students of different colleges. A pretested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Following this a lecture on emergency contraception was given with a post-test in the end. Results Among 592 students 48.3 were males and 51.7 were females. Medical 100 nursing 82 and B.Sc. 71 students had better knowledge about different types of contraception than others.Conclusion There is a significant improvement in knowledge about emergency contraception before and after the lecture.
A cross sectional study on menstrual pattern among adolescent school girls in urban slums of Bengaluru.
Authors: H S Mouna , L Hamsa , . Ranganath.T.S , N Vishwanath
Published: April 2024

Background Menstruation is an important milestone in reproductive health among adolescent girls. These menstrual patterns differ from one adolescent girl to other. Hence the present study was taken up to know the menstrual pattern among adolescent girls studying in High Schools of urban field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute. Objective To assess menstrual patternamong adolescent girls in urban slums.Methodology A Cross sectional study was conducted to assess menstrual characteristics among adolescent girls in urban slumsamong 150 adolescent school girls aged between 14-16 years. Multi stage random sampling with Probability Proportionate to Size sampling technique was used. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was self administered to assess socio-demographic factors and menstrual pattern. Results In this study the mean age of the participants was 15.03 0.83 years and the mean age of menarche was 12.311.16 years. Among 150 adolescent girls 73.3 had menstrual blood flow for 4-5days and in 52.0 of girls theduration of menstrual cycle was ranging between 29-35 days. Most commonly experienced menstrual symptoms among adolescent girls during their cycles which were lower abdominal pain 72.7and pain in the lower back 63.3.Conclusion In this study the mean age of the participants was 15.03 0.83 years and the mean age of menarche was 12.311.16 years. Dysmenorrhea was the most commonly reported symptom in 10972.7 girls Anxiety and stress are common issues experienced during adolescent phase which can be address by health education awareness and counselling.
Effect of health education on knowledge and beliefs about menstruation among adolescent girls studying in a tribal school of Mysore – A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Lonimath Ashwini , K S Ravish , S Ranganath.T , . Vishwanatha
Published: April 2024

Background Tribal areas have their own religious and cultural beliefs which affect the perceptions of adolescent girls as well as create knowledge gaps and misconceptions about menstruation. Poor awareness of the physiology myths amp misconceptions including the notion that menstruating women are lsquocontaminatedrsquo lsquodirtyrsquo lsquoimpurersquo adversely affect their health and social lives amp leave them unprepared when they reach menarche causing fear amp anxiety. This study helps to assess the knowledge amp beliefs about menstrualhealth to know the effect of health education on the same among adolescent girls studying in tribal school of Mysore.Objective To assess the effect of health education on the knowledge amp beliefs about menstruation among adolescent tribal school girls.Methodology A quasi experimental study including girls studying in higher secondary class 7th - 10th std was conducted in month of October ndash November 2018. A face validated semi structured self-administered questionnaire consisting of 3 belief amp 7 knowledge-based questions translated into Kannada language was used for pre-test. Health education was given through interactive sessions on menstruation amp menstrual hygiene. Post-test was conducted to know the effect of health education on their knowledge amp beliefs.Results Meanage of the participants was 13.69plusmn1.30 years. 75 of the participants have attained menarche. Pre-test showed that 62.9 of them had good knowledge Score of 5-7 compared to that of post-test having good knowledge in 95.2. Pre-test amp post-test knowledge scores showed statistically significant difference with lsquoprsquo value of lt0.05 which showed that educational intervention had a positive impact.
A multicentered study on management of hypertension and use of antihypertensives for patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Gnana Deepika Mullapudi , Lalasa Gopavaram , Nirosha Sandra , M N Karthik , Dev Apoorva
Published: April 2024

Background There is a strong relationship between Hypertension HTN and Chronic kidney Disease CKD. The study aims in assessing the use of antihypertensive in CKD patients.Objective to observe and analyze the use of antihypertensives for patients undergoing dialysis and to find the prevalence of HTN in CKD patients along with intradialytic complications.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of nephrology in BGS Gleneagles Hospital and Excel Care Hospital Bengaluru for a period of 6 months.Results A total of 123 patients consisting of 85 male 69.10 and 38 female 30.89 were enrolled. The most commonly prescribed drugs are Calcium Channel BlockersCCB 8274.54 Beta blockers 5953.63 alpha blockers 4036.36 Centrally Acting Alpha Agonist 3834.54 Loop Diuretics 2421.81 Vasodilator 065.45 Angiotensin Receptor BlockerARB 043.63. The prevalence of HTN in CKD was found to be 95.93. Fluid overload status 1613 hypotension 54.06 hypertension 043.25 breathlessness 32.43 pain at fistula site 021.62 hypoglycemia 021.62 abdominal pain 02 1.62 weakness itching and cramps 32.43 and chills fever and body pains 021.62 were the intradialytic complications observed.Conclusion From the present study it can be concluded that CCBs are the most commonly prescribed class of antihypertensives. The prevalence of HTN in CKD seems to follow an increasing trend with increasing age. Special consideration is required for the diagnosis and management of intradialytic complications because such complications could be managed successfully without the need for termination of the dialysis procedure.nbsp
Elderly in India – Current Scenario
Authors: Deepthi R Dr.
Published: April 2024

None
A study on addiction pattern among construction workers in a metropolitan city of Southern India
Authors: J Nirmala.C. , Dharaneesh S Prasad
Published: April 2024

Background Construction sector is a booming industry and an important sector which contributes significantly to GDP. Construction labour form 7.5 of the world labour force. In India nearly two thirds of the contribution to the net domestic product is by the unorganized sector. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration study shows that Substance abuse among workers poses major health risks and productivity of workers.Objective To understand the health problems and addiction pattern among the construction workers and to enable appropriate interventions.Methodology A cross sectional study conducted at two construction sites in a metropolitan city during 2015.The construction sites were selected in southern Bengaluru and all workers were enrolled as study subjects. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics like percentages were calculated and Chi square test was done to check the significance of difference. Results Majority of them 87.3 belonged to 15-45-year age group 40.3 to class IV socioeconomic status 40 were Hindu by religion. Around 40 of them were Illiterates and 68 of them were unskilled workers. The prevalence of Tobacco smoking Tobacco chewing and Alcohol consumption were 26.98 47.62 and 32.28 respectively. There was a statistically significant association P lt 0.05 between Tobacco smoking Tobacco chewing and morbidity status.Conclusion The prevalence of Tobacco use and alcohol consumption is high among the construction workers. There is need for intervention programmes like regular health education sessions behaviour change communication programmes screening camps for cancers and counselling for de-addiction therapies
Feasibility of setting up a birth cohort and screening Gestational Hyperglycemia in Public health facilities in Bengaluru, India
Authors: R. Babu Giridhara , Murthy GVS , R Deepa , Ana Yamuna , S Prafulla , Kinra Sanjay
Published: April 2024

Background It is estimated that approximately 1.5 to 17 of Indian pregnant women may have hyperglycemia. It is important to explore the feasibility of setting up a cohort of pregnant women to explore the adverse effect of hyperglycemia in their offspring.Objective The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of recruiting cohort of pregnant women and administering Oral glucose tolerance tests OGTT in public health facilities of Bengaluru city. The study also aimed to ascertain the logistic requirements infrastructure and support system required to conduct and carry out a similar designed study for a longer period of time.Methodology Based on the published protocol pregnant women visiting the antenatal clinic at two public hospitals in Bengaluru were recruited as part of the pilot cohort study. The feasibility of recruiting performing the OGTT and follow ups was estimated in this study. As part of recruitment we assessed feasibility of administering a baseline questionnaire around 24 weeks of gestation along with anthropometric measurements. Subsequently we assessed the feasibility of conducting Oral glucose tolerance test OGTT in them which involved collecting fasting and two-hour postprandial blood samples after ingesting 75-gram glucose. The follow-ups were scheduled after delivery and during the immunization visits for the children. The feasibility of obtaining of reliable measurements of infants weight height and skin fold thickness was estimated at each follow-up visit.Results Of the 1243 women who were approached a cohort of 964 pregnant women was recruited. Among them 864pregnant women 90 did undergo oral glucose tolerance test and 840 women completed the test. The study identified several logistic and administrative challenges in conducting the OGTT and in following up the cohort. Among the 840 only 34740 women were available for follow-up at birth with abysmally low proportion of them voluntarily visiting for immunization visits.Conclusion Our study found that it is feasible to recruit administer OGTT to large number of pregnant women in setting up a birth cohort in public health facilities. For successful follow-up use of reminders and other motivation methods may improve the successful completion follow-ups in public health-facilities.nbsp
Depression in antenatal period among women attending a Rural maternity hospital in South India
Authors: S Megha , T Dona , R Jaya , C J Shilpa R Navya , G S Ashwini , R Rodrigues
Published: April 2024

BackgroundnbspDepression is a mood disorder that affects 7-20 of the antenatal women. Without treatment depression during pregnancy can lead to postnatal and ongoing depression this can adversely affect pregnancy outcome have an impact on maternal competence in childcare and consequences upon the physical and psychological development of the child.ObjectivesnbspTo determine the prevalence of probable antenatal depression among women attending a rural maternity hospital in South India and to identify the risk factors determining antenatal depression.MethodologynbspThis was a cross sectional study at a rural maternity hospital near Bangalore between September and November 2011. Three hundred women attending the antenatal clinic were selected through consecutive sampling. The Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale EPDS was administered to assess antenatal depression and a structured interview schedule was used to ascertain the socio-demographic variables.ResultsnbspThe mean age of the study population was 21.4plusmn 2.64 years. Majority 93.7 were housewives and belonged to joint family 71.3. The prevalence of probable depression was found to be 12 with mean score being 2.94plusmn5.32. Factors found to be significantly associated with antenatal depression were high risk pregnancy Adjusted OR 5.6 95 CI 1.49 ndash 21.62 being unhappy with in-laws Adjusted OR 3.4 95 CI 1.12 ndash 10.57 and low income of the familylt5000 per monthAdjusted OR2.7 95 CI 1.009 ndash 7.62.ConclusionnbspThe prevalence of probable depression among pregnant women in this study was 12.The factors which were significantly associated with probable antenatal depression were relationship with in-laws high risk pregnancy and low family income.
Barriers to Adherence to Iron Supplements in Pregnancy in Rural South India
Authors: GK Ratnaprabha , R Shilpa , A Mary , J Maria , R Mathew , AR Johnson , R Rodrigues
Published: April 2024

Background Despite ongoing iron supplementation programmes the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in India is high. Alleged poor adherence to prescribed iron and folic acid supplements is an often-cited reason for poor outcome of the iron supplementation programme.Objective To assess the levels of adherence to iron supplements in pregnancy and to identify the barriers of adherence to iron supplements in pregnancy at an antenatal clinic in Rural Karnataka. Methodology This is a cross sectional study involving 150 pregnant women on iron supplements for at least one month at the antenatal clinic of a rural hospital near Bangalore between March and May 2011. Adherence to iron supplements and its barriers were assessed using a pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. Adherence was defined as the percentage of prescribed doses consumed in the month prior to the interview. Good adherence was considered as an adherence rate of ge 80. In addition qualitative methods like focus group discussions and Key informant interviews were used to supplement quantitative data obtained. Results The mean age of the participants was 21.93 plusmn 2.44yrs 97 were educated and 5 employed. Fifty seven percent were in their first pregnancy. Of the women 86 were anemic with mean hemoglobin level of 9.55 plusmn 1.47gmdl. Forty two percent had adherence levels le80. The most common reasons for non-adherence were medication side effects and forgetfulness. Encouragement from family determined adherence to iron supplements plt0.05.Conclusions The nearly 40 non-adherence to iron supplements implies that iron supplementation in some Indian settings is far from being successful. Side-effects of iron tablets followed by forgetfulness were the most common barriers of adherence identified in the study. Encouragement played an important role in adherence.
Prevalence of Cognitive impairment among community dwelling rural elderly of Bangalore, India
Authors: R Deepthi , A Kasthuri
Published: April 2024

Background India is a greying population as the mortality and fertility rates are on a decline. Elderly proportion in India according to 2011 census is 8.1 and is expected to rise to 17 by the year 2025.The special features of Indian elderly population which is a challenge are a majority 80 of them being in the rural areas large percentage 30 being in below poverty line feminization of the elderly population and increase in the number of the oldest age group ge 80 years. Increasing age is associated with increasing disability and functional impairments such as cognitive impairment.Objectives The study was conducted in rural areas and aimed to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly.Methodology A cross sectional study among 222 elderly of 2 villages was done by House to House survey. Elderly identified were administered a questionnaire for assessment of demographic details health and function related information. Cognitive impairment was assessed using Hindi Mental Status Examination questionnaire. Information was entered into MS Excel and analysed using Epi info.Results 12.2 of the population was elderly persons in these two villages. Of the elderly 51 were females and 49 were males. Most of the elderly 16574.3 were illiterate. 40.5 of the elderly were dependent on others completely or partially financially. Significantly higher number of the elderly males 83.7 were married and living with their spouse compared to that of elderly females 35.5. 95.5 of the elderly did not have any cognitive impairment and 4.5 of the elderly had cognitive impairment on assessment using Hindi Mental Status Examination HMSE.Conclusions Cognitive impairment among Indian rural elderly is low compared to that of western countries.