bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis Of Students' Speaking Difficulties at Eighth Grade Smpit At-Taqwa Surabaya
Authors: Hidayat Nur , Clarita Zhela Meylinda
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difficulties of students in speaking English. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method in this study. The subjects of this study were eighth-grade students A and D SMPIT At-Taqwa 2018/2019 academic year consisting of 40 students and English teachers. Data collections of this study were observation, student questionnaires, and student and teacher interviews. The results of this study indicate that 25% of students have difficulty speaking English. The efforts made by students and teachers to overcome difficulties in speaking English such as: taking English tutoring, listening English songs, practicing reading, writing and speaking at home and school. They also communicate through social media with foreign citizens, joining English Camp, watching western movies or change film subtitles with English. Then the solution given by the teacher is an additional lesson hour to support students who felt difficult in speaking English.
The Role Of Cross-Cultural Understanding in Interpreting English Recount Texts
Authors: Sya'roni Roni , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin
Published: July 2020

This study aimed at analyzing the role of cross-cultural understanding in interpreting English recount texts. The data of this study were obtained by reviewing documents of a book entitled “Histories of Nations: How their identities were forged” (Furtado, 2017). As a qualitative content analysis, all the data were analyzed qualitatively by classifying, coding and interpreting the data gathered that led us to some conclusions and suggestions. The study found that there were some words and phrases in the recount text that requires cross cultural understanding in order to be able to interpret those texts accurately. Therefore, in interpreting the recount text, it is necessary to understand not only the text in literal meaning, but also the cultural context in a comprehensive way. This focuses on cultural context deals with the history of social organization and religion system. Cross cultural understanding eases the readers to interpret the recount text appropriately. The study suggests that cross cultural understanding should be an important topic to be learnt intensively in learning English language at least at university education level as it will enable students to be capable of understanding English discourses comprehensively.
Enhancing Speaking Proficiency by Adapting Grammar- Translation Method And Electronic Dictionary For Young Learners
Authors: Suseno Edy , Purwati Oikurema
Published: July 2020

The young learners are very potential to grow their knowledge earlier. By having sufficient knowledge in their heads, they have a great opportunity to develop any other knowledge. English, however, is an important language in the world. By using English, the students could know more about anything. There are many kinds of method used by teachers to teach young learners to speak English. The teacher is often trying very hard to bring the students into a learning atmosphere. Indeed, Both the teacher and students want to get the expected goal. On the other hand, the condition turns to be uneasy when the students are reluctant to respond to their teacher’s questions as feedback. It is an important part for the teacher to find another method to help students active. Moreover, vocabulary building is an essential part of delivering the intention to others. By having enough vocabulary list in the students’ head, it would ease them to choose the right words to convey. Hence, the use of an electronics dictionary could satisfy the students’ needs. By implementing it while learning grammar and reading, the students could better their vocabulary and pronunciation skills to conduct speaking.
Adaptive thresholding estimator for differential association structures in two independent contingency tables
Authors: GHOREİSHİ Seyed Kamran , WU Jingjing
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we consider an adaptive thresholding procedure to estimate the difference of association structures in two independent two-way contingency tables of the same order. Here, we assume that the class of paired association structures have an approximately sparse difference. Under $L_1$ and $L_2$ loss functions, we establish the corresponding risk's upper bounds for our differential association adaptive thresholding estimators. Moreover, we show that these estimators perform well in a simulated setting. In this line, we carry out a simulation study and compare two well-known independent social mobility datasets.
Rota-Baxter bialgebra structures arising from (co-)quasi-idempotent elements
Authors: MA Tianshui , Lİ Jie , YANG Haiyan
Published: July 2020

In this note, we construct Rota-Baxter (coalgebras) bialgebras by (co-)quasi-idempotent elements and prove that every finite dimensional Hopf algebra admits nontrivial Rota-Baxter bialgebra structures and tridendriform bialgebra structures. We give all the forms of (co)-quasi-idempotent elements and related structures of tridendriform (co, bi)algebras and Rota-Baxter (co, bi)algebras on the well-known Sweedler's four-dimensional Hopf algebra.
Parameter estimates for two-way repeated measurement MANOVA based on multivariate Laplace distribution
Authors: BORAZAN ÇELİKBIÇAK Müge , AKTAŞ Serpil
Published: July 2020

Repeated measures data describe multiple measurements taken from the same experimental unit under the different treatment conditions. In particular, researches with repeated measures data in various fields such as health and behavioral sciences, education, and psychology have an important role in applied statistics. There are many methods used to analyze the results of research designs planned with these measurements. The most important difference between these methods is the assumptions on which the models are based. One of the most important assumptions needed by classical methods is the normality assumption. Many methods are valid under the assumption of normality. However, it is not always possible to hold this assumption in applications. For this reason, in the analysis of repeated measures data, different distributions are necessary that can provide flexibility beyond the normal distribution, especially in cases where the assumption of normality does not hold. In this study, it is proposed to use Multivariate Laplace distribution (MLD) which is an alternative distribution in cases where normality assumption does not hold by examining the multivariate variance analysis model (MANOVA). Under MLD assumption, the parameter estimates for the Two-way Repeated Measures MANOVA model are carried out with the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation and ML estimates are obtained via the EM Algorithm.
GENERAL QUASILINEAR PROBLEMS INVOLVING \(p(x)\)-LAPLACIAN WITH ROBIN BOUNDARY CONDITION
Authors: Belaouidel Hassan , Ourraoui Anass , Tsouli Najib
Published: July 2020

This paper deals with the existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of quasilinear problems involving \(p(x)\)-Laplace type equation, namely $$\left\{\begin{array}{lll}-\mathrm{div}\, (a(| \nabla u|^{p(x)})| \nabla u|^{p(x)-2} \nabla u)= \lambda f(x,u)&\text{in}&\Omega,\\n\cdot a(| \nabla u|^{p(x)})| \nabla u|^{p(x)-2} \nabla u +b(x)|u|^{p(x)-2}u=g(x,u) &\text{on}&\partial\Omega.\end{array}\right.$$ Our technical approach is based on variational methods, especially, the mountain pass theorem and the symmetric mountain pass theorem.
Institutionalized elderly people with dementia: an integrative review on nursing care
Authors: Siewert Josiane Steil , Alvarez Angela Maria , Santos Silvia Maria Azevedo dos , Brito Fabiana Almeida , Hammerschmidt Karina Silveira de Almeida
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To ascertain the characteristics of the nursing care provided to institutionalized elderly people with dementia. Methods: Integrative review of studies published between 2013 and 2017, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, from the databases BDENF, LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed, SciELO, TRIP, and National Guideline Clearing House. Thematic data analysis was used. Results: From the data collected in the 41 included studies, three themes emerged: Care with a focus on the needs of elderly people in LTCIEs; Care based on the work process of the nursing team; and Shared care. Final considerations: Elderly care can take place from different perspectives: that of the elderly; the nursing team; and it can be shared among the different parties involved. The importance of communication must be stressed, as do the development of skills and attitudes of the team, as well as proper training and support, good environment in the care process, and an approach centered on the institutionalized elderly.
Construindo cidades saudáveis: a instrumentalização de políticas públicas intersetoriais de saúde a partir do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional
Authors: Lima Filipe Antunes , Lima Samuel do Carmo
Published: July 2020

Resumo A preocupação com as condições de vida nas cidades não é recente e remonta às propostas de cidades utópicas da Grécia antiga, da renascença e dos tempos da Revolução Industrial do século XIX. Os movimentos higienistas modernistas já propunham a necessidade de construir cidades salubres. Desde então, é vasta a literatura que trata do tema, com epistemologias e abordagens diferentes para a complexa questão da saúde urbana. Nesses últimos 40 anos, muito tem se avançado, não somente na teoria, na concepção de cidades saudáveis, mas também nas experiências da Rede Europeia de Cidades Saudáveis. Houve experiências pontuais no Brasil, porém elas não se desenvolveram de tal maneira a se tornarem políticas públicas concretas. Há a necessidade de planejar ações coordenadas e intersetoriais de saúde em todas as políticas. É preciso que haja participação e controle social para que haja cidades saudáveis e, por isso, o presente trabalho apresenta o Planejamento Estratégico Situacional como uma metodologia para construção de cidades saudáveis. Desde a definição do problema, a apreciação situacional, elaboração do plano até a avaliação, todas essas fases do planejamento podem fortalecer as políticas públicas em saúde e instrumentar uma política nacional de cidades saudáveis brasileira.
Density functional theory study of perfluorooctane sulfonate adsorption on fluorinated graphene
Authors: Liu Laibao , Wu Liangliang , Zhang Run , Zhang Lihua , Hou Jialiang , Sun Chenghua , Zhang Yunsheng , Tang Youhong , Zhang Hongping
Published: July 2020

Density functional theory calculations are carried out to explore the adsorption behaviour of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on pristine and fluorinated graphene. Then, the effects of different degrees of fluorination of graphene on the adsorption of PFOS are systematically investigated by analysis of the adsorption energy (E ads), electron transfer and partial density of states. Finally, the unique adsorption behaviour of PFOS on graphene and fluorinated graphene is demonstrated by a companion study of four other organic molecules, namely hepta-fluorobutyric acid, phenanthrene, phenol and perfluorooctanoate.
Assessment of changes in concentrations of selected criteria pollutants in the Vaal and Highveld Priority Areas
Authors: Feig Gregor , Garland Rebecca M. , Naidoo Seneca , Maluleke Amukelani , Van der Merwe Marna
Published: July 2020

Ambient air pollution has important impacts on a variety of environmental issues, particularly on human health and ecosystem processes. A key tool for understanding the impacts of atmospheric pollution is through the long term measurement of the ambient concentrations of criteria atmospheric pollutants. Monitoring of ambient pollution concentrations has been conducted in the National Air Quality Priority areas since 2009. During this time period, significant changes in the management of air pollution have occurred, including the adoption of the ambient air quality standards, and the implementation of section 21 emission standards. This paper examines the long term evolution of ambient concentrations for PM, SO2 in the Vaal Triangle Airshed Priority Area 2007-2017 and Highveld Priority Area. These trends will be evaluated against the implementation of management interventions and highlight the variation in the measured concentrations and emerging areas of concern.
Instituciones formales, desarrollo humano y emprendimiento: Un estudio comparativo entre países con alto nivel de desarrollo y los países de la Alianza del Pacífico
Authors: Leon Quillas Cesar Ignacio , Rueda Rodriguez Hector Fernando , González Campo Carlos Hernan
Published: July 2020

El artículo plantea una comparación entre países con alto nivel de desarrollo (Australia, Reino Unido, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Suecia y Finlandia), y los cuatro países que conforman la Alianza del Pacífico (Colombia, México, Perú y Chile). El objetivo es encontrar posibles relaciones entre las instituciones formales, el nivel de emprendimiento y el desarrollo humano. El tipo de estudio es descriptivo, con alcances correlaciónales. En la investigación se utiliza información de los indicadores de gobernanza del Banco Mundial en el 2018, el índice de libertad económica de 2018 de la Fundación Heritage, el índice global de emprendimiento de 2018 y el índice de desarrollo humano de 2018 del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo. En los resultados se presentan las comparaciones y las correlaciones identificadas. La conclusión principal es la relación entre la calidad de las instituciones formales y el nivel de desarrollo humano en los países analizados.
What Optimistic Responses to Deep Disagreement get Right (and Wrong)
Authors: Aikin Scott F.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, I argue for three theses. First, that the problem of Deep Disagreement is usefully understood as an instance of the skeptical Problem of the Criterion. Second, there are structural similarities between proposed optimistic answers to deep disagreement and the problem of the criterion. Third, in light of these similarities, there are both good and bad consequences for proposed solutions to the problem of deep disagreement.
Правовое положение несовершеннолетних родителей: достаточно ли состоявшихся изменений законодательства?
Authors: Величкова Оксана Ивановна
Published: July 2020

Автор анализирует состоявшиеся за четырнадцать лет изменения законодательства с момента завершения диссертационного исследования по теме: "Семейно-правовое положение несовершеннолетних родителей по законодательству Российской Федерации". Делается вывод, что произошедшие изменения положительно повлияли как на регулирование правового статуса несовершеннолетних родителей, так и их детей. Тем не менее, автор обосновывает недостаточность состоявшихся изменений и указывает дальнейшие пути совершенствования законодательства.
Гарантии права на судебную защиту для лиц, не участвующих в деле, вопрос о правах и обязанностях которых разрешен судом
Authors: Павлова Маргарита Сергеевна
Published: July 2020

Процессуальное законодательство РФ подробно регламентирует статус лиц, участвующих в деле. Вместе с тем в некоторых случаях обстоятельства дела обуславливают принятие судьями решений, которые затрагивают права и обязанности лиц, не привлеченных к участию в процессе в суде первой инстанции, о чем последние, как правило, узнают уже после окончания рассмотрения дела по существу. Несмотря на наличие в законодательстве о гражданском и арбитражном процессах, а также об административном судопроизводстве общей нормы о праве таких лиц на подачу апелляционной, кассационной и надзорной жалоб, проблема наделения их средствами судебной защиты и гарантиями ее реализации в настоящее время остается не разрешенной, поскольку процессуальные кодексы не регулируют ни действия суда по определению статуса таких лиц, ни порядок их участия в судах вышестоящих инстанций. В настоящей статье автор, проследив основные этапы формирования института лиц, не участвовавших в деле, решение о правах и обязанностях которых принято судом, и проанализировав процессуальное законодательство, судебную практику, пришел к следующим выводам. Прежде всего, необходимо унифицировать терминологию. Далее, в силу неучастия данной группы лиц в суде первой инстанции, при подаче ими апелляционной, кассационной и надзорной жалоб целесообразно уже на стадии подготовки жалобы к рассмотрению по существу определить статус, в котором данные лица должны были участвовать в суде первой инстанции, а также основания для передачи соответствующей жалобы для рассмотрения по существу. В целом, нормы, регламентирующие статус в процессе лиц, не привлеченных к участию в деле в суде первой инстанции, о правах и обязанностях которых судом принято решение, следует объединить в отдельную главу, отражающую специфику их процессуального положения.
Поощрение в системе государственной гражданской службы: проблемы обеспечения реализации субъективного права
Authors: Титова Екатерина Алексеевна
Published: July 2020

в статье рассматриваются некоторые проблемы реализации поощрения государственных гражданских служащих, в частности, вопрос ограничения дискреционных полномочий правоприменителя в ходе процедуры применения служебного поощрения. Исследуются причины отсутствия нормативно-правовых ограничений усмотрения полномочий поощряющего субъекта. Возможными причинами дискреционного характера таких полномочий выступает неопределенность поощрительных служебно-правовых норм, правовой природы полномочий поощряющего субъекта, а также отсутствие понятия служебной заслуги. Данные аспекты существенным образом усложняют правовую процедуру поощрения служащего и создают благоприятную среду для нарушения его соответствующего субъективного права. Предлагаются способы обеспечения формализации процедуры служебного поощрения, применяемого в системе государственной гражданской службы, и пути реализации субъективного права государственного гражданского служащего на поощрение.
О роли принципов права европейского союза в его взаимодействии с национальным правом государств-членов
Authors: Галушко Дмитрий Вячеславович
Published: July 2020

в статье даётся характеристика правовой системы Европейского Союза как автономного образования, что проявляется в механизме реализации его норм в правовых системах государств-членов. Особенности процесса имплементации коммунитарных норм обусловлены принципами права ЕС, прежде всего, принципом верховенства и прямого действия. В связи с отсутствием в первичном праве ЕС четкого механизма взаимодействия коммунитарного права с национальным правом, автором проанализирована соответствующая практика Суда ЕС, которая во многом восполняет указанные пробелы. Учитывая, что государства-члены обязаны создать необходимые условия для имплементации норм права ЕС в национальных правопорядках, также были рассмотрены отдельные черты данного процесса.
Analyzing the Fluid Flow of Transit-Time Ultrasonic Flowmeter with Image Processing Technique and Developing a Quality Metric Depending on Pipe Profile
Authors: GÜNGÖR Murat Alparslan
Published: July 2020

The ultrasonic transit-time method measures the velocity and quantity of fluids in circular type pipes by using the difference of transit time between the ultrasonic pulses propagating with and against the flow direction. This method gives the average velocity of the fluid along a particular acoustic path. At least two ultrasonic transducers are used for an acoustic path. The multipath ultrasonic flowmeters have more acoustic paths. In this paper, the acoustic path between two transducers is described as pixels for the turbulent flow and formed a flow map for ideal flow conditions such as no elbow or bend depending on pipe profile. Using the obtained pixel values, the average fluid velocity is calculated between two transducers. Finally, a quality metric that calculates the ideal average fluid velocity ratio between the acoustic paths for the turbulent flow is developed. Thus, researchers can evaluate their designs with this quality metric.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF SOME 3 -IMINO-4-SUBSTITUTED-1,2,5- THIADIAZOLIDINE 1,1-DIOXIDES
Authors: ÇİL Elif , BÖRÇEK KASURKA Ceren , GEDİZ ERTURK Aliye , KONTAŞ Seval
Published: July 2020

Organosulfur compound's functionality constitutes an essential class of therapeutic agents in current medicinal chemistry. Especially sulfonamides called sulfa drugs were performed as both chemotherapeutic agents and useful antibacterial derivatives developed for medicine. The sulfamides in the same family with the sulfonamides have similar biological activities. In our research, it was studied with some 3-imino-4-substituted-1, 2, 5-thiadiazolidine 1,1-dioxides (ISTDs- 4a-d, four samples) that are five-membered cyclosulfamides. These compounds were previously synthesized and structurally characterized. The goals of this study are to investigate minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values and antibacterial effects of these ISTDs compounds on Bacillus subtilis NRRL B-209T, Escherichia coli ATCC®25922T, Micrococcus luteusNRRL B-1018T, Nocardia abscessus DSM 44432T, Nocardia cyriacigeorgica DSMZ 44484T, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NRRL B-2679T Staphylococcus aureus ATCC®6538T, Streptomyces murinus ISP 5091T.
NMR SPEKTROSKOPİSİ İLE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAYDA KİMYASAL İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: OLGUN Murat , DİKMEN Gökhan , BUDAK BAŞÇİFTÇİ Zekiye , KARADUMAN Yaşar , AYTER Nazife Gözde , AYDIN Doğan , BELEN Savaş , ARDIÇ Murat , KOYUNCU Onur , SEZER Okan
Published: July 2020

Bu
çalışmada Manyetik Rezonans (NMR) spektroskopisi metodu ile faklı buğday
çeşitlerinin kimyasal içerikleri ve bunların benzerlik ve farklılıkları Cluster
Analizi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada Gerek 79, Carisma, Bayraktar,
Artico ve çeşit adayı bir hattın (Advanced Line) tohumları kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, NMR spektroskopisi ile ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin
amino grup asit ve şekerleri’ de kapsayan kimyasal içerikleri güvenli bir
şekilde tespit edilebileceği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda bisküvilik kalite
özelliğine daha yakın olan Carisma ve Bayraktar çeşitlerinin aynı grubu
oluşturması, daha çok ekmek kalite özelliğine daha yakın performansa sahip
Gerek 79, Artico ve çeşit adayı hattın da (advanced line) başka grubu
oluşturması NMR spektroskopisi metodunun güvenle ekmeklik buğday çalışmalarında
kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
3D Printing of Anisotropic Bone-Mimetic Structure with Controlled Fluid Flow Stimuli for Osteocytes: Flow Orientation Determines the Elongation of Dendrites
Authors: Matsugaki Aira , Matsuzaka Tadaaki , Murakami Ami , Wang Pan , Nakano Takayoshi
Published: July 2020

Although three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques enable the construction of various living tissues and organs, the generation of bone-like oriented microstructures with anisotropic texture remains a challenge. Inside the mineralized bone matrix, osteocytes play mechanosensing roles in an ordered manner with a well-developed lacunarcanaliculi system. Therefore, control of cellular arrangement and dendritic processes is indispensable for construction of artificially controlled 3D bone-mimetic architecture. Herein, we propose an innovative methodology to induce controlled arrangement of osteocyte dendritic processes using the laminated layer method of oriented collagen sheets, combined with a custom-made fluid flow stimuli system. Osteocyte dendritic processes showed elongation depending on the competitive directional relationship between flow and substrate. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the successful construction of the anisotropic bone-mimetic microstructure and further demonstrate that the dendritic process formation in osteocytes can be controlled with selective fluid flow stimuli, specifically by regulating focal adhesion. Our results demonstrate how osteocytes adapt to mechanical stimuli by optimizing the anisotropic maturation of dendritic cell processes.
Protective Effect of Time-Modulated Cimetidine on Methotrexate-induced Liver Toxicity
Authors: Adikwu Elias , Nnaedozie Emmanuel
Published: July 2020

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the frequently used chemotherapeutic agents, especially in hematological malignancies and solid tumors.
Objectives: MTX hepatotoxicity symptoms range from elevations in serum aminotransferases to hepatocyte necrosis and fibrosis. The time of medication administration significantly impacts treatment outcomes. Hence this study evaluated the protective effect of time-modulated cimetidine (CT) against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.
Methods: Thirty-six adult male albino rats were randomized into 6 groups. Group A (control) was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with normal saline (0.2 mL) for 24 h. Group B received CT (20 mg/kg IP) for 24 h. Group C was treated IP with MTX (20 mg/kg) for 24 h. Group C (pre-treatment) was injected IP with CT one hour before MTX administration for 24 h. Group E (co-treatment group) was co-treated IP with CT and MTX for 24 h. Group F (post-treatment group) was treated IP with one dose of MTX one hour before CT injection for 24 h. After treatments, the rats were weighed and euthanized. Blood samples were collected and their blood samples were evaluated for serum liver function markers, also liver samples were excised and used for biochemical and histological studies.
Results: The liver of MTX-treated rats was characterized by hepatocyte necrosis. Aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, conjugated bilirubin, total bilirubin, and malondialdehyde activities were significantly (P<0.001) up-regulated in MTX-treated rats. However, glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly (P<0.001) down-regulated in MTX-treated rats. The above hepatotoxic changes were significantly attenuated in rats pre-treated (P<0.001), co-treated (P<0.01), and post-treated (P<0.05) with CT when compared to MTX group. 
Conclusion: However, pre-treatment with CT was most effective, hence it may be clinically useful for MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Plasma Levobupivacaine Following Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Proximal Femoral Fracture in Older Patient
Authors: Parr Rebecca , Robinson Hal , Cameron Gary , Broadbent Gillian , Charlton Keith , Wallace Heather , Engelhardt Thomas
Published: July 2020

Background: Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block (FICB) is commonly used in older patients to provide effective analgesia following hip fracture. 
Objectives: However, only limited Pharmacokinetic (PK) data about levobupivacaine are available to help clinical practice and establish safe volumes and amounts of local anesthetics.Methods: Ten patients aged between 53 and 87 years, who underwent hemiarthroplasty following femoral neck fracture were recruited into this study. A fixed volume (40 mL) of 0.25% levobupivacaine was injected before the induction of anesthesia using ultrasound guidance. Venous blood samples were obtained at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 min time points and analyzed using mass spectrometry.
Results: The median (interquartile range) maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) of levobupivacaine was 0.48 (0.45-0.61) µg/mL, with the time to reach Cmax (tmax) of 38 minutes (30–105) after administration, a half-life of 2.8 h (1.65–5.8), and clearance rate of 0.72 L/min (0.36–1.26). The fixed volume (40 mL) of 0.25% levobupivacaine FICB did not exceed the recognized toxic threshold in adults (2.6 µg/mL).
 Conclusion: The data described here indicate a similar levobupivacaine PK profile for older patients undergoing FICB for hip arthroplasty compared with the levobupivacaine PK profile for the general population.
The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) on Memory Retention Deficit in Young Offspring Rat Induced by Maternal Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Khodabandeh Shahraki Fatemeh , Nabiuni Mohammad , Farhadi Mona , Amini Elaheh
Published: July 2020

Background:  Maternal sleep deprivation is known to reduce neurogenesis in the hippocampus during pregnancy. Also, it damages and impairs cognitive functions such as learning and memory in the neonates.
Objectives: Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extract can play an important role in the treatment of cognitive impairments by inhibiting oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the role of hydroalcoholic extract of rosemary in the treatment of cognitive impairment caused by decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in neonates, which was attributed to maternal sleep deprivation during pregnancy.
Methods: For this purpose, pregnant rats in the control group underwent sleep deprivation for 72 hours inside a total sleep deprivation machine. The treatment groups comprised pregnant rats, receiving 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of rosemary extracts per day during pregnancy and underwent sleep deprivation for 72 hours. Next, the avoidance memory of 21-day-old neonatal rats was examined using a shuttle box. These 21-day-old rats were then subjected to evaluate the structure of the hippocampus. Neurogenesis in the neonatal hippocampus was examined under light microscopy by staining of brain slices and counting of neurons and cells shape study.
Results: Compared with the control group, the neurogenesis and avoidance memory decreased in neonates affected by maternal sleep deprivation.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that rosemary extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg was able to improve disorders in the infants affected by maternal sleep deprivation.
Sutura con seda en la operación cesárea
Authors: Milanés Jorge , Zabaleta Lombana Alberto
Published: July 2020

El catgut como material de sutura ha gozado tradicionalmente del favor del cuerpo médico, y no obstante cualquier pequeño inconveniente que pudiera atribuírsele, es elemento indispensable en el arsenal de toda sala de cirugía.
Conclusiones sobre 1.177 diagnósticos histopatológicos del Hospital de San Ignacio Bogotá, D.E.
Authors: Fernández Bastidas M. A. , Ortega Lafaurie Gabriel , Santamaría Urrego Alfonso
Published: July 2020

Se elaboró éste trabajo luego de revisar los informes histopatológicos de 880 casos obstétrico-ginecológicos en los cuales se solicitó éste estudio para pacientes atendidas en el Hospital de San Ignacio de Bogotá. Así mismo se obtuvieron conclusiones revisando actas de autopsia correspondientes a las muertes maternas.
El cáncer de la mama en el embarazo y la lactancia
Authors: Vélez Z. Antonio , Jubiz H. Alfonzo
Published: July 2020

La influencia desfavorable que ejercen el embarazo y la lactancia en la evolución del cáncer de la mama, ha sido un hecho bien reconocido en el mundo médico desde hace muchos años. Klotz, citado por Miller (9), fue el primero en observar en el año de 1869 el desenlace fatal de las pacientes con dicha asociación.
Dificultades diagnósticas del embarazo extrauterino
Authors: Beltrán Calderón Alfonso
Published: July 2020

Desde el año de 1959, año que ingresé al Hospital de San José, en los Servicios de Ginecología y Obstetricia, y aun un poco antes, cuando hacía el curso o la rotación por los mismos en la Universidad, noté que dentro del campo de actividades de la práctica tocoginecológica emergía como entidad que presentaba dificultades diagnósticas el embarazo extrauterino, y con la extrañeza propia del principiante en esta actividad, vi cómo en varias oportunidades se hizo con facilidad un diagnóstico errado de la entidad, ya en unos casos interviniendo pacientes con una presunción diagnóstica de embarazo ectópico y al llegar a la cavidad pélvica no se podía confirmar éste, y en el caso contrario, con un diagnóstico de cualquier emergencia quirúrgica abdominal, se efectuaba la laparotomía y casualmente nos encontrábamos con los signos de un embarazo ectópico, en unos casos con ruptura a la cavidad abdominal y en otros casos, los menos frecuentes, sin romperse y sin producir la sintomatología prqp1a de la entidad.
Progestógenos
Authors: Duarte Contreras Alberto , Zúñiga Gamboa Ramiro
Published: July 2020

Presentamos un estudio sobre clasificación, formación y síntesis de los progestógenos.Exponemos el metabolismo de los progestógenos basados en los estudios de Plotz con progesterona radioactiva.Enfocamos el estudio de la farmacología clínica de los progestógenos mencionando las principales experiencias mundiales adicionadas de algunas que nosotros pudimos ejecutar, tratando de puntualizar sus propiedades e inconvenientes.Hacemos un recuento pormenorizado de nuestras experiencias clínicas hechas especialmente con clormadinona en todos los campos posibles de aplicación disponibles en nuestro medio.
Uso clínico de un nuevo progestógeno oral: Chlormadinone
Authors: Del Corral Fernando , Artuz Antonio , Salcedo Carlos A. , Erazo José Vicente , Angel Gilberto
Published: July 2020

Este estudio comprende ei uso de un estrógeno sintético, Etinil estradiol 3- metil éter (Mestranol) y una progesterona sintética la 6 Cloro-6 dihidro 17- Alfa acetoxi-progesterona (Chlormadinone) administrados a cincuenta y siete pacientes, veintisiete de las cuales fueron tratadas por hemorragia uterina funcional durante 95 ciclos; diez pacientes con amenorrea secundaria durante 69 ciclos, diez con indicación pseudoembarazo durante un total de 179 semanas y diez pacientes de un grupo misceláneo. Las pacientes se trataron con diferentes formulas de tratamiento, empleando estrógenos más progesterona o progesterona sola. Los resultados obtenidos con este nuevo progestógeno oral fueron satisfactorios en cuanto a su respuesta clinica y a sus efectos sobre el endometrio Se refiere. Se hicieron observaciones en cuanto a su efecto sobre temperatura basal, quImica sanguinea, captación de 1-131, 17 Cetosteroides, 17 hidroxi-corticosteroides y gonadotropinas durante Ia administración de los esteroides.En general estos esteroides fueron bien tolerados y llenaron los requisitos deseados en ei manejo de pacientes con alteraciones ginecológicas. Los efectos secundarios fueron mInimos y no se presentaron signos de androgenización.
THE ISLAMIC CULTURE OF “WETU TELU ISLAM” AFFECTING SOCIAL RELIGION IN LOMBOK
Authors: Muliadi Muliadi , Komarudin Didin
Published: July 2020

This writing is motivated by a very abundant religious culture in Indonesia, including the phenomenon found in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara which is famous for “Wetu Telu Islam”. It contains the religious system filled with ceremonies and rituals which are accompanied by special symbols that have certain meanings. The method used in this paper is historical descriptive, by systematically explaining the history of the people of Lombok, the cultural patterns of “Wetu Telu Islam”, including its historical figures, doctrine, development, and existence. Then the writer uses structural semiology in analyzing the meaning of symbol elements found in the religious rituals of “Wetu Telu Islam” in Lombok. “Wetu Telu Islam” according to the people of Lombok is a very perfect Islam as it is built from two solid dimensions, namely dzohir and ihsan. For that reason, “Wetu Telu Islam” for them is the teachings of Sufism which emphasize the spirit, and soul. It is the spirit of holistic Islamic teachings, namely: shari’a, thoriqot, haqiqot, and ma‘rifat. Everything is building up, mutually reinforcing, and inseparable.Tulisan ini bermuara dari budaya agama yang sangat berlimpah di Indonesia, termasuk fenomena yang ditemukan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat yang terkenal dengan “Islam Wetu Telu”. Sistem keagamaan yang terkandung di dalamnya sarat upacara dan ritual yang disertai simbol-simbol khusus bermakna tertentu. Metode yang digunakan dalam makalah ini adalah deskriptif historis, yaitu secara sistematis menjelaskan sejarah masyarakat Lombok, pola-pola budaya “Islam Wetu Telu”, termasuk tokoh sejarah, doktrin, perkembangan dan keberadaannya. Kemudian penulis menggunakan semiologi struktural dalam menganalisis makna elemen simbol yang ditemukan dalam ritual keagamaan “Islam Wetu Telu”di Lombok. “Islam Wetu Telu” menurut masyarakat Lombok adalah Islam yang sangat sempurna karena dibangun dari dua dimensi yang kuat, yaitu dzohir dan ihsan. Karena itu, “Islam Wetu Telu” bagi mereka adalah ajaran tasawuf yang menekankan hati dan jiwa. Ini adalah semangat ajaran Islam holistik, yaitu: syariah, thoriqot, haqiqot, dan ma’rifat. Semuanya membangun, saling menguatkan, dan tak terpisahkan.
FEMALE CIRCUMCISION: MOPOLIHU LO LIMU AND MONGUBINGO CUSTOMS IN BUILDING LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR
Authors: Muda Lisdawati
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the custom of female circumcision for the people of Gorontalo, carried out for generations. The procession of female circumcision custom process has its symbol, meaning, and purpose, that expects every circumcised girl to be a religious woman, useful for family, community, nation-state life. Besides, she is expected to have a responsible and trustworthy leader spirit. The role of women as leaders and how to behave in leadership is reflected in the custom practices of female circumcision. The results showed that in the perspective of the Gorontalo community, the female circumcision tradition is an obligation because of its values as a translation of religious importance. The persistence of Gorontalo people to always preserve this tradition is maintained, even though some scholars and communities view that female circumsicion is not a compulsory matter. Artikel ini membahas mengenai adat khitan perempuan bagi masyarakat Gorontalo yang dilakukan secara turun temurun. Urutan prosesi adat khitan perempuan memiliki lambang, arti dan maksud tersendiri, yakni mengharapkan setiap anak perempuan yang dikhitan menjadi perempuan yang taat beragama, bermanfaat bagi kehidupan keluarga, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. Selain itu, mereka diharapkan berjiwa pemimpin yang bertanggung jawab dan dapat dipercaya. Peran perempuan sebagai seorang pemimpin dan bagaimana berperilaku dalam memimpin tercermin dalam tata cara adat khitan perempuan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pandangan hidup masyarakat Gorontalo, adat khitan perempuan adalah suatu kewajiban karena nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalamnya merupakan penjabaran nilai-nilai agama. Keteguhan masyarakat Gorontalo untuk selalu melestarikan adat khitan perempuan tetap terjaga, meskipun dalam pandangan sebagian ulama dan sebagian masyarakat khitan perempuan bukan merupakan perkara wajib yang harus dilakukan
Análisis del Desarrollo Innovador para el Aprovechamiento de la (Guadua angustifolia Kunth) en la Sustitución de Cultivos Ilícitos
Authors: Céspedes Prieto Nubia Edith , Carda Castello Juan , Cervantes Estrada Luis Carlos , Gil Noreña Jonnathan Manuel
Published: July 2020

Con la firma de los acuerdos de paz de 2016, uno de los problemas que se manifiesta, es el aumento considerable de cultivos ilícitos, especialmente en zonas fronterizas de Colombia como Cauca, Nariño y Norte de Santander. Teniendo en cuenta la estrategia de implementación de los acuerdos en materia de sustitución de cultivos ilícitos y reforma rural integral, en este trabajo se presenta una propuesta alternativa de implementación integral y sostenible del cultivo de (Guadua angustifolia, Kunth) y la oportunidad de innovación que tiene la guadua para la producción de materiales con valor agregado, ofreciendo una oportunidad de mejora en la calidad de vida para el Pacífico colombiano. Se hace una revisión documental relacionada con las realidades y desafíos que plantea la implementación de los acuerdos de paz, se establece que el cultivo y aprovechamiento de la guadua es una estrategia viable y sostenible para la erradicación voluntaria de cultivos de coca encamina al desarrollo territorial de Tumaco, Nariño aplicando una estrategia basada en cuatro ejes fundamentales: 1) Participación comunitaria 2) Estudio, socialización e implementación del cultivo de la guadua como estrategia de reemplazo 3) Desarrollo industrial de productos de guadua, 4) Acompañamiento de las fuerzas de seguridad y la Policía Nacional y 4) Monitoreo y asistencia permanente del Estado.
ПРИЛОГ О ЈЕЗИЧКИМ ПРЕДРАСУДАМА НА ИТАЛИЈАНСКОМ И СРПСКОМ ГОВОРНОМ ПОДРУЧЈУ
Authors: Лигуори Марио , Ајџановић Милан , Секеруш Павле
Published: July 2020

Овај рад бави се увреженим језичким предрасудама које настају спонтано или услед језичког рефлекса код говорника на италијанском и српском говорном подручју. Пажњу смо усмерили на неколико примера: веровање да речи немају ефекта ако нису негде записане по принципу verba volant, scripta manent, убеђење да постоје логични и нелогични, супериорни и инфериорни, лепи и ружни, лаки и тешки језици, ниподаштавање дијалекта у односу на национални језик, произвољни став да наш језик пропада те га због тога морамо бранити од утицаја страних језика и култура. У овом раду покушаћемо да се као лингвисти позабавимо набројаним темама те да их оповргнемо или барем доведемо у сумњу.
NEVELÉSI JELENETEK, GYERMEKPORTRÉK ÉS ERÓSZ-FIGURÁK A KÉSŐ KLASSZIKUS KORI ÉS A HELLENISZTIKUS GÖRÖG SZOBRÁSZATBAN
Authors: TÁMBA Renátó
Published: July 2020

Tanulmányomban a hellenisztikus görög szobrászat gyermekportréinak, gyermek Erószfiguráinak, illetve diádikus kapcsolatot bemutató, zsáner jellegű gyermekábrázolásainak bemutatására törekszem, az alkotások mögött húzódó gyermekszemléleti mintázatok, főbb gyermekkor-, társadalom- és eszmetörténeti szólamok feltárására törekedve. Írásomban a gyermekkor-történeti ikonográfia módszertani eszköztárát használom fel, a Panofsky-féle ikonográfiai-ikonológiai modell mellett jelen esetben elsősorban a schneideri társadalomtörténeti megközelítést, a vizuális antropológia, a vizuális szociológia és a vizuális kommunikáció elemzési szempontjait érvényesítve az elemzések során. Vizsgálatom célja, hogy – a Tanulmányok 2019/1. számában megjelent Gyermekjelenetek a hellenisztikus görög szobrászatban című írásom (Támba 2019, 101–122) mintegy folytatásaként – feltérképezhessem a kor gyermekábrázolásai által magukban hordozott eszmei-társadalmi irányú jelentéstartalmakat, kulturális utalásokat, melyek egyfajta, az individuum problémái iránt érdeklődő új bölcseleti érzékenység munkálására utalnak.
PERSPEKTIF PENGAMBIL KEBIJAKAN DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN OBAT ASLI LAMPUNG BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI PEMERINTAH PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Astuti Henita , Judhaswati Ratna Dewi , Syafrizal M , Hendra Jekvy , Rangga Azhari
Published: July 2020

Indigenous Medicinal Plants Lampung is a medicinal plant obtained directly from natural ingredients in all regions in Lampung Province, and local policy in developing and preserving it is necessary. The purpose of this research is to know the policy of perspective and strategy of TOAL development based on perception of policy maker in Lampung Province. The study was conducted from May to September 2017 located in Lampung Province. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling by appointing relevant parties on TOAL development activities. The results showed that Internal Factor, the strength among others the use of medicinal plants as an alternative medicine has become a tradition of Lampung society, The weakness factor among others HR is still less creative to create variants of traditional medicine products. External Factors consist of opportunities that can be marketed in the form of processed products that can be marketed domestic scale and national scale; and threats, funds allocated to support the development of TOAL are still limited. Strategy for Developing and Implementing Traditional Medicine and Planning Systems for the Availability of Traditional Medicines Raw Materials in Lampung Province to become National Policy Direction to Support Traditional Health Services, covering a) Cultivation and conservation of TOAL resources, b) efficacy and benefits, c) quality, d) accessibility , e) appropriate use, f) supervision, g) research and development, h) documentation and databases, i) human resource development and j) monitoring and evaluation.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS ALOKATIF DAN EKONOMI PADA USAHATANI SEMANGKA DI DESA MOJOARI KECAMATAN PUGER KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Fadliyah Rahmah Raisha , Hani Evita Soliha
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

 

Common problems that often occur and impacted the local farmers in Desa Mojosari are the unpredictable weather condition and all-year farming without switching the variety of the plants grown. The fluctuation in productivity value also correlates with the use of many production factors and the efficiency in input usage. Another known problems are the acceptance of watermelon farming that is often less considered and that it still hasn’t reach the highest value of profit. The goal of this research is to understand the many factors that impacted watermelon farming, it’s technical efficiency, it’s allocative efficiency and it’s economical efficiency. The analysis tool used in this research is cobb douglas with Scohastic frontier analysis approach. Sampling method used in this research is proportionate stratified random sampling in which 64 farmer samples are acquired. This research resulted in (1) farming denominator of the watermelon that has definitive impacts in partial are the land area’s size variable (X1), seeds (X2) and organic fertilizer (X6) while drugs (X3), chemical fertilizer (X4) dan manpower (X5) do not leave an actual impact. (2) Watermelon farming does not reach an efficient production number as it only has a value of 69% in which can still be grown to another 31%. (3) Watermelon farming is allocatively inefficient as it only has an NPM value of (< 1) (4) Watermelon farming has an economical value efficiency of 2,84>1, meaning that the watermelon farming is not economically efficient.
PENGELOLAAN KEBUN KELAPA SAWIT DALAM POLA KEMITRAAN INTI PLASMA PTPN II PRAFI DENGAN PETANI SUKU ARFAK DI MANOKWARI, PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Matualage Amestina , Hariadi Sunarru Samsi , Wiryono Paulus
Published: July 2020

Inti-Plasma partnership program (PIR) for oil palm in Manokwari has been going on since 1986. there’s no one research about how they were managing their palm oil plantations through partnership program with PTPN II Prafi, although this data is needed for development planning in this area, especially for Arfak farmers and for palm oil company that still operate in this area. The aim of this research are to find out (1) how Arfak farmers manage their oil palm plantations and (2) what factors that influences this behavior. The research method uses survey method that involed 126 households of Afak farmers. The result show that in before the plantation have 10 years old, only 10 percent of Arfak farmer managed their oil palm plantation without used paid labor, a half of them was hired paid labor for harvest and the others contracted their plantation to non Arfak farmer (participant of Trans-PIR program from Java). After the plantation have 10 years old, most of Arfak farmers have been contracted their plantation to Java farmers and the others have been leave their plantation because unable to harvest. Age of farmer and their level of formal education have influenced their behavior to manage the palm oil plantation.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KARYAWAN DI PERUSAHAAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT PT. MUSAM UTJING
Authors: Tambunan Kaezia Karolin , Dalmiyatun T , Satmoko S
Published: July 2020

Oil palm plantations have an important role in Indonesia. PT. Musam Utjing as one of many oil palm plantation companies in Indonesia must improve its employee performance to be able to compete with similar industries. This research aims to describe the factors that can affect PT. Musam Utjing’s employee performance, describe PT. Musam Utjing’s employee performance, and analyze the effect of salary, incentives, motivation, work environment, training and development on PT. Musam Utjing’s employee performance. The research was conducted at PT. Musam Utjing, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The research method was a survey method that includes observation and interview. The were 69 samples on this research calculated by using Slovin formula. Sampling was done by using cluster sampling technique. Data analysis used includes descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS. The results of the study show that the performance of PT. Musam Utjing employees is good. The factors that can affect the employee performance with the highest category are motivation and training and development. Salary, incentives, motivation, work environment, training and development simultaneously affect the performance of PT. Utjing Musam employees, where incentives, motivation, training and development partially affect the performance of PT. Musam Utjing employees.