bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Abolition of the Insanity Defense in Sweden and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Gooding Piers , Bennet Tova
Published: January 2018

The U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) may require the abolition of the insanity defense and similar “special defenses” in criminal law. Proponents argue that abolishing the defense would advance efforts to fully recognize the legal capacity of persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others; detractors suggest it would compound the substantive inequality of an already marginalized population. This paper seeks to accelerate this debate with reference to Swedish criminal law, which saw the abolition of the insanity defense in 1965. Neither side of the debate appears to have considered the anomaly of Swedish criminal law. Equally, Swedish legislators appear to have overlooked CRPD-based considerations. Instead, Sweden seems likely to reintroduce the insanity defense following long-standing domestic criticism. This paper brings together developments in Sweden and international human rights law, and draws out conceptual and practical lessons in the quest for due process rights and substantive equality for people with disabilities in criminal law.
Weak Epistasis May Drive Adaptation in Recombining Bacteria
Authors: Arnold Brian J , Gutmann Michael U , Grad Yonatan H , Sheppard Samuel K , Corander Jukka , Lipsitch Marc , Hanage William P
Published: January 2018

The impact of epistasis on the evolution of multi-locus traits depends on recombination. While sexually reproducing eukaryotes recombine so frequently that epistasis between polymorphisms is not considered to play a large role in short-term adaptation, many bacteria also recombine, some to the degree that their populations are described as “panmictic” or “freely recombining.” However, whether this recombination is sufficient to limit the ability of selection to act on epistatic contributions to fitness is unknown. We quantify homologous recombination in five bacterial pathogens and use these parameter estimates in a multilocus model of bacterial evolution with additive and epistatic effects. We find that even for highly recombining species (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae or Helicobacter pylori), selection on weak interactions between distant mutations is nearly as efficient as for an asexual species, likely because homologous recombination typically transfers only short segments. However, for strong epistasis, bacterial recombination accelerates selection, with the dynamics dependent on the amount of recombination and the number of loci. Epistasis may thus play an important role in both the short- and long-term adaptive evolution of bacteria, and, unlike in eukaryotes, is not limited to strong effect sizes, closely linked loci, or other conditions that limit the impact of recombination.
Resumos do I Simpósio da Rede de Programas Interdisciplinares em Envelhecimento (REPRINTE)
Authors: Schwanke Carla H.A.
Published: January 2018

The Network of Interdisciplinary Programs on Aging (Rede de Programas Interdisciplinares em Envelhecimento - REPRINTE) promoted, on October 19 and 20, 2017, at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, its first symposium. At the time 116 posters were presented, whose summaries are presented in this issue of PAJAR.
From Income to Consumption Inequality? Looking through the Lens of Motor Vehicle Purchases
Authors: Tito Maria D. , Dunn Wendy E.
Published: January 2018

In this note, we assess the pattern of consumption inequality using an alternative data source--namely, new motor vehicle purchases.
Bakteri Denitrifikasi Inaktif Sebagai Suplemen Untuk Mengurangi Gas Metana dari Cairan Rumen Sapi
Authors: Pikoli Megga Ratnasari , Zadfa Farah Muthia , Sugoro Irawan
Published: January 2018

Gas metana dari ternak ruminansia merupakan salah satu penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca terbesar di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Gas metana yang bersumber dari peternakan berasal dari dua sumber emisi, yaitu pencernaan dan feses, sehingga produksinya dapat dikurangi melalui modifikasi pakan. Salah satu strategi untuk mengurangi produksi gas metana tersebut adalah dengan penambahan bakteri denitrifikasi, yang mengalihkan akseptor elektron untuk metanogenesis kepada denitrifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki potensi penambahan bakteri denitrifikasi yang diinaktivasi dengan iiradiasi sinar Gamma dalam menurunkan produksi gas metana dalam cairan rumen sapi, yang diuji secara in vitro. Pada penelitian ini diuji empat perlakuan, yaitu dengan penambahan bakteri denitrifikasi aktif, bakteri denitrifikasi yang diinaktivasi dengan iradiasi Gamma Cell 1000 Gy dan bakteri denitrifikasi yang diinaktivasi menggunakan autoklaf 1,5 tekanan atmosfir, 120°C selama 15 menit, seluruhnya pada cairan rumen sapi yang diberi substrat hijauan sorgum secara in vitro. Hasil pengukuran dari masing-masing parameter berupa nilai pH, amonia, volatile fatty acids total, asetat, propionat, butirat, biomassa bakteri, biomassa protozoa, produksi gas total dan produksi gas metana pada jam ke-24 dan 48 mendukung penurunan metanogenesis akibat penambahan bakteri denitrifikasi aktif dan inaktif. Pemberian bakteri denitrifikasi inaktif lebih besar menekan produksi gas metana dibandingkan dengan bakteri aktif. Penurunan produksi gas metana dari jam ke-24 sampai 48 dari perlakuan penambahan bakteri denitrifikasi inaktif-iradiasi, dan inaktif-autoklaf berturut-turut sebesar 41,5% dan 55,3%, yang lebih tinggi daripada dari bakteri denitrifikasi aktif dengan penurunan sebesar 13,6%.
Governança corporativa e desempenho das ações de empresas do setor de consumo e varejo
Authors: Rocha Guilherme André Peleglini , Contani Eduardo Augusto do Rosário , Reco Thais Lucimara da Silva
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo analisa a correlação entre governança corporativa (GC) e desempenho das ações, orientado pelo propósito de aferir em que grau a classificação do nível de GC (N1, N2 e NM) e o comportamento de ações do setor de consumo e varejo listadas na B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão) podem ser mutuamente influenciados. Foi utilizada uma abordagem metodológica quantitativa, a partir das estatísticas obtidas pelos testes t e F, para encontrar possíveis diferenças de risco e retorno entre o grupo com GC e o tradicional. Foram elencadas três hipóteses de pesquisa, comparando: (i) retorno de ações de empresas com GC e empresas listadas no segmento tradicional; (ii) retorno de ações de empresas com GC e Ibovespa; e (iii) risco de empresas com GC e empresas listadas no segmento tradicional. Verificou-se que as empresas listadas com GC não apresentaram retornos estatisticamente superiores às tradicionais, resultado encontrado em outros estudos (BAMPI et al., 2009; DOMINGOS; MOURA, 2015). Contudo, empresas com GC tiveram menor risco se comparadas às empresas listadas no segmento tradicional, confirmando uma das hipóteses de pesquisa e corroborando os achados de Matucheski, Clemente e Sandrini (2009) e Da Silva, Nardi e Junior (2012). Também não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as empresas com GC e o Ibovespa, como observado em De Alencar et al. (2012).
Capacidade absortiva em instituições de ensino superior: uma sistematização da literatura
Authors: Ciotti Rogério , Favretto Jacir
Published: January 2018

A busca das organizações por conhecimento externo e a posterior incorporação deste no seu ambiente interno são fatores determinantes para alcançar e sustentar vantagens competitivas. A chamada capacidade absortiva consiste na capacidade de a empresa adquirir, assimilar, transformar, explorar e utilizar, para fins comerciais, o conhecimento proveniente do ambiente externo. Por meio de técnicas bibliométricas, o objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a produção acadêmica sobre capacidade absortiva no contexto das instituições de ensino superior, de modo a traçar um mapa dos gaps para novas contribuições acadêmicas na área. Foram selecionados 4231 trabalhos nas bases de dados Spell, Scielo, ScienceDirect, Ebsco, Scopus e Web of Science. Após aplicação de regras de exclusão, restaram 26 artigos para análise.
As relações entre a orientação para o mercado, a inovação de produto e processo, e a performance organizacional
Authors: Corrêa Suelen , Guimarães Julio Cesar Ferro de , Severo Eliana Andréa , Cruz Márcia Rohr da
Published: January 2018

O alcance de uma performance organizacional superior é desejável para assegurar a permanência e o crescimento das empresas. Contudo, um ambiente de negócios marcado pelas rápidas mudanças tecnológicas e de mercado exige das empresas novas respostas ou a combinação de diferentes estratégias. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a influência da orientação para o mercado sobre a inovação de produto e processo, bem como destes sobre a performance organizacional. Para isso, foi realizada uma survey, aplicada a gerentes e proprietários de empresas do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e utilizada a técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais para a análise dos dados. Foram encontrados relacionamentos positivos e significativos entre os construtos estudados, e observado que a inovação de processo contribui mais para a performance organizacional que a inovação de produto. Assim, administradores de empresas que busquem se manter e crescer no mercado devem investir mais nas inovações de processo que nas inovações de produto, já que elas contribuem para a redução de custo e aumento da qualidade dos produtos, proporcionando às empresas uma performance organizacional superior.
A influência do treinamento de vendedores na satisfação dos clientes de uma rede de concessionárias de veículos, por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais
Authors: Tomoyose Fábio Hiroshi , Faria Ana Cristina de , Gaspar Marcos Antonio , Kubo Edson Keyso de Miranda
Published: January 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo constatar a influência do treinamento de vendedores das concessionárias de veículos do estado do Rio de Janeiro na satisfação dos clientes de uma montadora. Adotou-se o tratamento de dados secundários e a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais, com estimação dos mínimos quadrados parciais, em uma amostra de 130 concessionárias, 936 respondentes à pesquisa de satisfação e a análise do desempenho nos treinamentos de 1.158 vendedores. Concluiu-se que os treinamentos realizados pelos vendedores das concessionárias exercem função estratégica para a criação de valor ao cliente e geração de vantagem competitiva, mesmo não possuindo relação direta com a satisfação dos clientes. Mediante os resultados apresentados, pode-se afirmar que os treinamentos realizados pelos vendedores estão ligados diretamente às percepções dos clientes acerca da qualidade em serviços oferecida pela montadora e sua rede concessionária.
Imagem de loja on-line: identificação de medidas e escalas de mensuração
Authors: Correia Rafaela Rodrigues , Tezza Rafael , Cancellier Éverton Luís Pellizzaro de Lorenzi
Published: January 2018

A imagem de loja on-line auxilia na satisfação das necessidades dos consumidores e, apesar da sua importância, ainda é um conceito em construção. Nesse contexto, o artigo tem por objetivo identificar as diferentes formas de mensuração de imagem de loja on-line, apresentando como as escalas foram criadas, adaptadas e replicadas, compilando esse conhecimento que se encontra disperso. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos que abordam as formas de mensuração da imagem de loja on-line no período de 2003 a 2015. Os resultados apontaram para uma diversidade de quadros conceituais e dimensões. As dimensões mais recorrentes foram: atmosfera da loja on-line, prazer em comprar virtualmente e a facilidade de uso. Dimensões como imagem da marca, preço, promoção, reputação e conexão com outros canais foram pouco utilizadas pelos pesquisadores, aparecendo apenas em estudos mais recentes. Verificou-se que não há escala universalmente aceita para medir a imagem de loja on-line.
Apresentação
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: January 2018

Neste número, a revista Rua traz na seção Estudos cinco artigos. No seu conjunto, estes textos se dedicam fundamentalmente a refletir sobre as artes e sobre um seu correlato na nossa sociedade urbana, a mídia.
Mídia e espaço público
Authors: Carrozza Guilherme
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre os sentidos produzidos pela publicidade no espaço público. Para isso, tomamos como objetos de análise a distribuição de folhetos impressos nas ruas e a instalação de placas e outdoors remetidos, principalmente, à cidade de São Paulo, onde passou a vigorar a Lei Cidade Limpa, proposta como uma forma de “sanear visualmente” a cidade. Nosso objetivo é tentar compreender que discursos sustentam a relação direta que se faz entre publicidade e poluição visual.
Identidade e Pertença: estilo de vida e disposição morais e estéticas em um grupo de jovens
Authors: Koury Mauro Guilherme Pinheiro
Published: January 2018

Este ensaio busca refletir sobre os sentidos e as fronteiras do pertencer a partir da análise do estilo de vida, das disposições morais e estéticas e das estratégias de amizade e sociabilidade vivenciadas por um grupo de jovens habitantes de bairros populares da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Grupo de jovens chamado, aqui, pelo nome fictício de Delta, autocaracterizado como uma comunidade de apoio e afirmação aos jovens de bairros populares da cidade de João Pessoa. Nele se procura perceber o processo organizativo interno do grupo e as redes vinculares estabelecidas que dão formato e oferecem as bases de apoio à sociabilidade grupal. A confiança e a confiabilidade, bem como as noções de lealdade, fidelidade e gratidão, de uma parte, e as noções de segredo, dúvida, traição e deslealdade são categorias analíticas que ajudarão a perceber o jogo de inter-relações acionadas por eles para as trocas simbólicas efetuadas pelos parceiros em interação, e para a manutenção de um padrão organizativo interno e controle social dos seus membros. O esforço analítico aqui desenvolvido, por fim, conforma o valor e as bases compreensivas de uma abordagem antropológica que dê conta das dimensões sociais da emoção nas ações e processos de criação humana.
A que tradição pertence a tradição gramatical russa?
Authors: Seriot Patrick
Published: January 2018

Trata-se de suspender a evidência do sentido de tradição e de sua pertinência ao refletir sobre uma história das idéias gramaticais na Rússia, propondo ir além do antagonismo de uma sobredeterminação da tradição ocidental (greco-latina) versus uma filiação exclusiva a uma tradição grega que se oporia radicalmente à latina. Mostra-se que o que se apresenta freqüentemente como uma diferença espacial Leste/Oeste (ortodoxo/católico) é na realidade uma ruptura ideológica. A diferença não é entre tradição grega e latina, mas entre uma atitude com respeito à língua fundamentada na razão e uma outra, na fé.
Linguagem e conhecimento: produção e circulação da ciência
Authors: Guimarães Eduardo
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre a produção e circulação do conhecimento na sociedade contemporânea, claramente marcada pelo prestígio da ciência e da tecnologia. Parte-se da constatação de que, dadas as condições históricas atuais, o domínio da ciência e da tecnologia tem um lugar fundamental na vida das pessoas hoje, que esperam delas o bem-estar, a cura, a diversão, o trabalho etc. A atenção do texto se localiza na análise da circulação do conhecimento científico, aqui considerada como fazendo parte do processo de produção de conhecimento. Mais especificamente, a atenção deste texto se volta para aspectos do funcionamento enunciativo das políticas científicas e das relações entre Estado, mídia e sociedade. Por esta análise se procurará ver como o processo de circulação de conhecimento afeta as próprias condições de sua produção, na medida em que produz sentido no embate político de que participa.
Divulgação monstra: pulsações por entre vida, caos e política
Authors: Dias Susana Oliveira
Published: January 2018

A maquinaria biotecnológica – laboratórios, pesquisas, pesquisadores, DNAs, modelos, sons, conceitos, palavras, filmes, imagens, notícias etc. – se efetua e expressa intensamente sob os signos da organicidade e do julgamento moral (bem ou mal). O que poderia a divulgação científica em meio a essa paisagemcorpo-pensamento? Que pulsares em forças-escritas-pesquisas poderiam ser potencializados ao pensarmos em uma divulgação científica como de-formações, multiplicações, proliferações e dispersões das biotecnologias? Apostas políticas que querem fazer da escrita-pesquisa possibilidades de fuga da vida, do humano, do futuro.
www.cienciaemcurso.unisul.br
Authors: Gallo Solange Leda
Published: January 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma experiência de produção de materiais de divulgação científica na forma de uma revista digital e multimídia. Por ser produzida no espaço discursivo acadêmico, a revista não produz notícia sobre ciência, mas procura mostrar como se dá o processo da pesquisa. Seu método de abordagem é discursivo.
Para além do “sempre igual”: cotidiano e encenação urbana no repertório de Chico Buarque
Authors: Fontineles Flávia de Souza
Published: January 2018

Este ensaio apresenta reflexões a respeito do cotidiano urbano, a partir da leitura do par “cidade e expressão musical”, numa tentativa de identificar e compreender elementos das cenas urbanas que aparecem e se articulam como cenário, tema e inspiração para canções que compõem o repertório de um dos mais conhecidos compositores brasileiros: Chico Buarque de Holanda.
A máquina corretiva, ou como restituir aos moradores de rua à estrutura: dois modelos de transformação
Authors: Suárez Garcia Carlos José
Published: January 2018

Trata-se de duas análises intimamente ligadas e relacionadas com os moradores de rua da cidade de Bogotá. Na primeira desenhar-se-á, a partir dos trabalhos de Erwin Goffman sobre as formas de interação, as representações sociais que os moradores de rua encarnam, e terminam por defini-los como seres estigmatizados, e portanto, incluídos na categoria de “exclusão social extrema”. A segunda análise parte da interpretação desta exclusão, seguindo o caminho traçado por Victor Turner, que conforma uma anti-estrutura, uma “excrescência liminóide” da sociedade. As duas análises conjugam-se seguindo a idéia de “máquina corretiva” de Turner, segundo a qual estas pessoas, representadas como malignas, devem ser transformadas ou extirpadas do conjunto da sociedade, tornando-se ao mesmo tempo “puro signo” de um comportamento que não pode ser permitido no espaço das cidades.
Arte de viver de narradoras de outro Javé chamado Guriú
Authors: Freitas Glória
Published: January 2018

Tal conjunto intenso de histórias de vida das aprendizes-dramistas e das mestras de drama, mostra que suas produções foram imortalizadas por marcante inventividade a cada produção e também por incursões muito admiradas pelas comunidades vizinhas que apreciavam demasiadamente a presença destas produções estéticas juvenis. São narradas as intensas transformações metodológicas por que a pesquisa e a pesquisadora passaram no contato com estas intensidades vivas ditas pelas memorialistas.
Deslizamento de sentidos por efeito metafórico: o discurso de uma fotografia
Authors: Brasil Luciana Leão
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo, colocamos uma discussão a propósito do discurso não-verbal. O discurso da fotografia de uma mulher negra, escrava que viveu no século XIX na cidade de Baependi (MG). Francisca de Paula de Jesus Isabel, a Nhá Chica, é considerada santa por seus devotos. Através de uma fotografia de Francisca, investigaremos o conceito de efeito metafórico formulado por Michel Pêcheux (1988), um dos fundadores da análise de discurso, cuja opacidade da linguagem é um pilar fundamental para essa teoria.
A New Extension of Beta and Hypergeometric Functions
Authors: Rahman Gauhar , Kanwal Gulnaz , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Ghaffar Abdul
Published: January 2018

The main objective of this paper is to introduce a further extension of extended (p, q)-beta function by considering two Mittag-Leffler function in the kernel. We investigate various properties of this newly defined beta function such as integral representations, summation formulas and Mellin transform. We define extended beta distribution and its mean, variance and moment generating function with the help of extension of beta function. Also, we establish an extension of extended (p, q)-hypergeometric and (p, q)-confluent hypergeometric functions by using the extension of beta function. Various properties of newly defined extended hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions such as integral representations, Mellin transformations, differentiation formulas, transformation and summation formulas are investigated.
A Comparative Analysis of Exceptional Flood Events in the Context of Heavy Rains in the Summer of 2010: Siret Basin (NE Romania) Case Study
Authors: Romanescu Gheorghe , Mihu-Pintilie Alin , Stoleriu Cristian Constantin , Carboni Donatella , Paveluc Larisa Elena , Cimpianu Catalin Ionut
Published: January 2018

The Siret River crosses NE Romania from the north to the south and it discharges into the Danube, near the city of Galati. During the period, 17th June - 10th July 2010, significant amounts of precipitations in the mountainous basin of Siret were recorded. The floods comprised two periods with four bimodal cycles and they were counted among the strongest on the Romanian territory. The exceptional floods occurred in the rivers of Siret, Suceava, Moldova, Bistrita, Trotus and so on. The most important compound flood wave was determined by the precipitations which fell within the period, 29th June to 1st July 2010, when significant amounts of rain were recorded, sometimes, exceeding 80 mm. The high discharges on the Bistrita River – downstream from the Bicaz Reservoir – were controlled by complex hydro technical works. The maximum discharge for the year 2010 summer floods was recorded at Dragesti hydrometric station: 2,884 m3/s (historic discharge) compared to the preceding historic discharge of the year 2008 (2,850 m3/s). The effects of floods were strongest in the counties of Suceava, Neamt, and Bacau. The floods on the main course of the Siret River were analyzed in correlation with the tributaries within the mountainous sector.
“Ganhei na loteria! Mas e o prêmio?”: a mobilização sócio-legal do direito internacional dos direitos humanos no caso da guerrilha do Araguaia
Authors: Bernardi Bruno Boti
Published: January 2018

Tendo como base as perspectivas de usuários do sistema interamericano de direitos humanos no caso Gomes Lund (guerrilha do Araguaia), o objetivo deste artigo é discutir as potencialidades e eventuais limites da mobilização sócio-legal do direito internacional dos direitos humanos. Utilizando o marco teórico da literatura sobre disputas jurídico-legais dos movimentos sociais nos planos doméstico e transnacional, argumenta-se que o litígio produziu experiência empoderadora no plano ideacional-simbólico, impactando a agenda política nacional e fortalecendo tanto a mobilização social quanto o potencial de contestação jurídico-legal nos tribunais nacionais, muito embora o cumprimento do Estado com a sentença seja baixo em termos de decisões judiciais e mudanças de políticas públicas. Porém, devem ser levados em conta efeitos potencialmente limitadores da mobilização do direito sobre a prática política de atores e movimentos sociais. A natureza normatizada, burocrático-legal e altamente complexa do direito internacional dos direitos humanos pode impor constrangimentos à linguagem e às estratégias contestatórias de atores societais.
Delimitating inland aqua-ecological zones under different climate conditions in the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam
Authors: Trinh Nguyen Xuan , Quang Tho Tran , Ha Phong Doan , Le Xuan Tuan , Dinh Chien Do , Thanh Tung Nguyen , Quang Tu Trinh , Duc Tung Do , Thanh Hai Nguyen
Published: January 2018

Climate change (CC) increases saltwater intrusion, changes water flow and alters the ecological characteristics that lead to significant impact on the farming activities in delta areas. This study defines inland aqua-ecological zones (AEZ) for CC conditions in the Mekong delta region, Vietnam. The hydraulic model Vietnam River Systems and Plains (VRSAP) was used to create maps of salinity and flood depth for three baseline scenarios (1998, 2000 and 2004) and their 2030 projection in the national CC scenarios. Zoning was then implemented in two levels. Level one delimitated the basic zone for inland aquaculture. Level two zoned for the purpose of adaptive aquaculture to CC. The results of the study identified seven sub-zones for ecological aquaculture of each baseline scenarios and their projection by 2030. In the context of CC, salinity intrusion area increases 1,442,228, 1,534,381, and 1,929,793 ha corresponded to the baseline scenarios years 2000, 2004, and 1998, respectively. The results of this study are the combination of the ecological boundary approach and hydraulic model and then AEZ for aquaculture was delimitated and spatially distributed. Thereby, their functions and structures of AEZ are identified in order to meet the demands of managers and planners for reducing the effects of salinity intrusion in Mekong Delta.
Clients’ Experiences With Internet-Based Psychological Treatments for Mental Disorders: Protocol for a Metasynthesis of Qualitative Studies (Preprint)
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Javier , Díaz-García Amanda , Vara Mª Dolores , Molinari Guadalupe , Colombo Desirée , Riva Giuseppe , Baños Rosa M , Botella Cristina
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Given the rise of internet-based treatments as an effective therapeutic tool for psychological disorders, it is necessary to carry out research that examines clients’ experiences with this type of intervention. The qualitative methodology has been found to be useful for analyzing clients’ perceptions in terms of facilitators and barriers, acceptability, and negative effects of internet-based treatments. However, a lack of integration of these primary studies has prevented their findings from being applied to new research and in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this paper is to describe the protocol for a metasynthesis of qualitative studies exploring the experiences of clients who underwent an internet-based treatment.

METHODS

Elliot and Timulak’s metasynthesis approach will be used to review and synthesize qualitative studies related to client experiences in terms of the barriers and facilitators they perceived when undergoing internet-based treatment. For each search string, the features in the Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type (SPIDER) tool will be considered. Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) will be searched. Two independent reviewers will analyze the material in order to determine whether the eligibility criteria are fulfilled. Findings will make it possible to create a hierarchy of domains in terms of their relevance across all the primary studies. The data obtained from primary studies will be cross-analyzed using descriptive and interpretative procedures.

RESULTS

The search strategy is currently being conducted. First results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

We will develop conceptual framework of the barriers and facilitators perceived by clients and propose their implications and recommendations for clinical practice, research, and training.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42018079894; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=79894 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/73C6OtlS7).

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

PRR1-10.2196/9722
Enterprise Microblogging to Augment the Subinternship Clinical Learning Experience: A Proof-of-Concept Quality Improvement Study (Preprint)
Authors: Anderson Irsk , Hulland Oliver , Farnan Jeanne M , Lee Wei Wei , Milton Debra , Arora Vineet M
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Although the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine (CDIM) has created a core subinternship curriculum, the traditional experiential subinternship may not expose students to all topics. Furthermore, academic institutions often use multiple clinical training sites for the student clerkship experience.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to sustain a Web-based learning community across geographically disparate sites via enterprise microblogging to increase subintern exposure to the CDIM curriculum.

METHODS

Internal medicine subinterns used Yammer, a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)–secure enterprise microblogging platform, to post questions, images, and index conversations for searching. The subinterns were asked to submit 4 posts and participate in 4 discussions during their rotation. Faculty reinforced key points, answered questions, and monitored HIPAA compliance.

RESULTS

In total, 56 medical students rotated on an internal medicine subinternship from July 2014 to June 2016. Of them, 84% returned the postrotation survey. Over the first 3 months, 100% of CDIM curriculum topics were covered. Compared with the pilot year, the scale-up year demonstrated a significant increase in the number of students with >10 posts (scale-up year 49% vs pilot year 19%; P=.03) and perceived educational experience (58% scale-up year vs 14% pilot year; P=.006). Few students (6%) noted privacy concerns, but fewer students in the scale-up year found Yammer to be a safe learning environment.

CONCLUSIONS

Supplementing the subinternship clinical experience with an enterprise microblogging platform increased subinternship exposure to required curricular topics and was well received. Future work should address concerns about safe learning environment.
The Bishops, the Doctor, His Patient and the Attorney-General: The Conclusion of the McBain Litigation
Authors: Walker Kristen
Published: January 2018

We are on the verge of creating a whole new generation of ‘stolen children’. Is the family any longer recognized and protected in law as the ‘fundamental unit of society’? This decision is one more example of the growing trend in our society to treating children as commodities: like the right of any person, single or married, to buy a car, there is now a legal right to buy an IVF child or, more strictly, to buy ‘assisted reproduction services’.

Dr George Pell, Archbishop Of Melbourne

I will hope that we will be able to start treating single women and women in gay relationships … as we would heterosexual women, married or in a de facto relationship, as soon as we are able to satisfy that these people who come along seeking our help understand the importance of the medical procedure and have received information about issues which surround donor sperm parenting.

Dr John McBain

Do you know, I think that what people misinterpret is that IVF babies are probably more wanted than any other baby. I mean, it's not an easy procedure at all and also it's very expensive, so the baby is definitely wanted, definitely, and I think a single mother … can give all the love that a married couple can give.

Leesa Meldrum
Assessing the Cause and Effect of Persecution in Australian Refugee Law: Sarrazola, Khawar and the Migration Legislation Amendment Act (No 6) 2001 (CTH)
Authors: de Costa Alex
Published: January 2018

Upon reading the Migration Legislation Amendment Bill (No 6) 2001 (Cth) to the House of Representatives for a second time, the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs ('the Minister’) stated that,

[i]n the absence of clear legislative guidance, the domestic interpretation of our obligations has broadened out under cumulative court decisions so that Australia now provides protection visas in cases lying well beyond the bounds originally envisaged by the convention.

The Migration Legislation Amendment Act (No 6) 2001 (Cth) (the ‘No 6 Act’) became law on 1 October 2001. It was one of a number of amending statutes (passed by both Houses of Parliament in late September 2001) that were intended to fundamentally alter procedural and substantive areas of immigration and refugee law in Australia. This paper discusses aspects of the No 6 Act which amended the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) (the ‘Migration Act’) by inserting a new Subdivision AL into Part 2, Division 3.
Quantifying the Homemaker Contribution in Family Property Law
Authors: Parkinson Patrick
Published: January 2018

A central question in family property law in Australia is how to place a value on the homemaker contribution in comparison with other kinds of contribution. The problem is especially difficult where the property largely consists of assets owned before marriage, acquired by inheritance, or received after separation. This article explores the relevance of the homemaker contribution to property division both in marriages and de facto relationships, challenging the popular assumption that living together per se justifies significant wealth transfers. It is argued that parenthood provides the most important justification for property alteration, and that withdrawal from workforce participation due to the care of children or other family members is the primary concern in evaluating the homemaker contribution. The article then goes on to explore what the homemaker contribution meant when the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) (‘the Family Law Act’) was enacted, and how that conceptual coherence has become lost over time. There are now two different approaches which have emerged to the quantification of the homemaker contribution in the context of pre-marital property, inheritances, damages awards and property acquired after separation. These approaches are irreconcilable. The approach which is now finding favour in the Full Court of the Family Court is one which makes it impossible for the Court to explain how it has reached its decision on the quantification of the parties' proportionate shares. Furthermore, it is founded on an interpretation of the homemaker contribution that Parliament never intended and has not since authorised. This raises important questions about the legitimacy of the Court's approach to property division under s 79 of the Family Law Act. The article concludes by offering a new interpretation of the role which the homemaker contribution should play in the division of property on relationship breakdown which is consistent with the overall framework of s 79. It involves two distinct considerations of the homemaker contribution. The first is to examine how homemaker contributions should be rewarded. The second is to consider how they should be compensated.
Heresy as Orthodoxy: Were the Founders Progressivists?
Authors: Craven Greg
Published: January 2018

Probably the most basic contemporary controversy over the interpretation of the Australian Constitution is that between the methodologies of originalism (or intentionalism) and progressivism. According to the first, the fundamental task of the Courts (and especially the High Court) usually is regarded as being to interpret the Constitution so as to give effect to the intentions of those who framed it at the great Conventions of the 1890s, commonly referred to as 'the Founding Fathers' or (as here) 'the Founders'. Progressivists, on the other hand, believe that a search for historical intention is at best incidental in the process of constitutional interpretation, and that the Court should construe the Constitution so as to bring it into accord with modern needs and exigencies. Between the two sides in this fiercely contested debate stretches a vast chasm both of theoretical approach and rhetoric. A third approach, literalism, despite a hallowed history in Australian constitutional law and its routine deployment in virtually all important cases concerning federal legislative power, today largely is overshadowed in the minds of constitutional lawyers by the fascinations of its two rivals.
The Australian Constitution's Influence on the Common Law
Authors: Foley Kathleen
Published: January 2018

What is the influence of the Australian Constitution ('Constitution') on the common law of Australia? In Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation, a unanimous High Court stated:

Of necessity, the common law must conform with the Constitution. The development of the common law in Australia cannot run counter to constitutional imperatives. The common law and the requirements of the Constitution cannot be at odds.

Applying this principle, Lange developed the common law of defamation consistently with the implied freedom of political communication. Subsequently, in John Pfeiffer Pty Ltd v Rogerson, the High Court held that the common law of choice of law in tort 'should be developed to take into account various matters arising from the Australian constitutional text and structure.'
Conflicts and Choice of Law within the Australian Constitutional Context
Authors: Kirk Jeremy
Published: January 2018

According to the orthodox principles of private international law, as applied within Australia during the twentieth century, the different States are essentially to be regarded as foreign entities. At common law, the courts of one State will generally apply the statutory laws of another State to resolve a civil law dispute if directed to do so by the common law choice of law rules, but not otherwise. Yet federation was a eustatic event in the evolution of the Australian legal system, albeit that the sea change has taken some time to flow through to many areas.

Australian States are not foreign nations but sub-entities within one nation established and maintained by the Australian Constitution. The law to be applied when there is some competition between Australian legal rules cannot appropriately be dictated just by the common law. That raises constitutional questions by its very nature.
Burdened by Proof: How the Australian Refugee Review Tribunal has Failed Lesbian and Gay Asylum Seekers
Authors: Dauvergne Catherine , Millbank Jenni
Published: January 2018

Our argument in this paper is that the evidentiary practices and procedures that have been developed by the Australian Refugee Review Tribunal are operating at a routinely low standard. Such practices contribute to decisions that are manifestly unfair and potentially wrong in law. A recent working paper from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ('the UNHCR') notes that evidentiary questions have been 'largely ignored in the academic literature.' Our conclusions are drawn from our detailed study of more than 300 refugee tribunal decisions made in Canada and Australia in response to asylum claims brought by lesbians and gay men. Our overall frame of inquiry in this study considers how the respective tribunals grapple with the issue of identity, the complex cluster of dilemmas around the public/private divide, the inability of many decision-makers to imagine the 'other' who stands before them in these claims, and the way this area of law encodes and reflects homophobic stereotyping.
The Limits and Use of Executive Power by Government
Authors: Winterton George
Published: January 2018

The executive power of the Commonwealth largely has been neglected, both by the High Court and by commentators, receiving scant attention in comparison with the Commonwealth's legislative and judicial powers. The High Court has examined executive power on fewer than 10 occasions – principally three cases in the Whitlam era: Barton v Commonwealth, the AAP Case and Johnson v Kent – and, most recently, in the Bicentennial Authority Act Case in 1988. (The power has, of course, also arisen in several Federal Court cases, most notably the Tampa Case in 2001.) The relative neglect of this power is reflected in constitutional commentary, for which High Court cases represent primary 'authority'. The Commonwealth's legislative powers have, of course, received detailed examination in every major text since Quick and Garran in 1901. But, while the first monograph on Commonwealth judicial power appeared as early as 1904, almost 80 years were to elapse before publication of a book devoted to the executive power of the Commonwealth.
The Decisional Independence of Chapter III Courts and Constitutional Limitations on Legislative Power: Notes from the United States
Authors: Gerangelos Peter A
Published: January 2018

This article will attempt to identify and define those constitutional principles, derived from the doctrine of the separation of powers, which govern the relationship between Parliament and the Chapter III courts in the precise situation where Parliament purports to amend the law which is applicable in pending legal proceedings (whether they are awaiting first instance hearing, or are on appeal). Arguably, these principles are also applicable in circumstances where proceedings are being contemplated, but have yet to be commenced. The fundamental enquiry is whether the separation of judicial power in Chapter III of the Commonwealth Constitution places limitations on the legislative competence of Parliament to affect the resolution of legal issues in the pending case. This issue has been the subject of greater judicial and academic scrutiny in the United States, providing considerable assistance in defining relevant constitutional limitations applicable in Australia. It is the aim of this article to undertake a detailed examination of the United States position to assist in the appreciation and development of principle in Australia.
‘Chosen by the People’? How Federal Parliamentary Seats Might be Reserved for Indigenous Australians Without Changing the Constitution
Authors: Chesterman John
Published: January 2018

One notable outcome of the 2004 federal election is that no Indigenous Australian was elected to federal Parliament. Since July 2005, when Aden Ridgeway’s term as Senator expired, there have been no Indigenous Australians among the 226 members of the national Parliament. This article explores briefly why this is the case, and then moves to consider the viability of Australia adopting a quota system whereby ‘dedicated’ or ‘reserved’ seats of Parliament would be created for Indigenous Australians.
Sweedman V Transport Accident Commission: State Residence Discrimination and the High Court’s Retreat into Characterisation
Authors: Simpson Amelia
Published: January 2018

This Comment considers the High Court's recent decision in Sweedman v Transport Accident Commission. The issue dealt with at greatest length in the judgments was the suggested conflict between New South Wales and Victorian enactments and the related suggestion that constitutional principles would enliven to resolve this conflict. A second issue, the potential application of the s 117 prohibition on State residence discrimination, attracted less detailed treatment. Nevertheless, the Court's resolution of this second issue is significant in its apparent departure from the approach taken in the landmark case of Street v Queensland Bar Association. While this Comment will explain the Court's reasoning on both issues, analysis of the decision will focus on the s 117 issue.
The Scope of ‘Manner of Manufacture’ under the Patents Act 1990 (CTH) after Grant V Commissioner of Patents
Authors: Monotti Ann L
Published: January 2018

From the time of the Statute of Monopolies 1623, 21 Jac 1, c 3 ('Statute of Monopolies’), the flexible concept of a ‘manner of manufacture’ was understood to involve some form of limitation which was expressed in the statute as being ‘mischievous to the State … or hurt of trade, or generallie inconvenient'. Years of judicial consideration resulted in various classes of subject matter being carved out as unpatentable. Apart from non-contentious material such as discoveries, ideas and principles of nature, these classes included methods of medical treatment for humans, horticultural and agricultural methods, computer programs, presentations of information, plans and business schemes. The classes were relatively clear by 1959 when the High Court in National Research Development Corporation v Commissioner of Patents was asked to judge the patentability of an invention in an excluded class, namely a horticultural method. The trouble was that there were no consistent rationales to justify the excluded classes and to distinguish patentable from non-patentable subject matter.
Involuntary Detention and the Separation of Judicial Power
Authors: McDonald Stephen
Published: January 2018

The power of the Commonwealth Parliament to authorise involuntary detention (that is, detention without the consent of the detainee) by the executive government has fallen for consideration by the High Court in a series of recent cases. The Court has also examined the circumstances in which courts may make orders for detention. The aim of this article is to discuss some of the issues which have arisen in these cases, including those over which there has been apparent disagreement between the Justices of the High Court. It argues for a conceptually coherent approach to detention, which favours substance over form while giving effect to the strict separation of judicial power from legislative and executive power required by the Commonwealth Constitution.
Back to ABC after XYZ: Should we be Concerned about ‘International Concern’?
Authors: Murray Sarah
Published: January 2018

The recent High Court decision of XYZ v Commonwealth (‘XYZ’) has strengthened the aura of uncertainty surrounding the concept of ‘international concern’ and its role in widening the application of s 51(xxix) of the Commonwealth Constitution. This article considers the XYZ decision in light of past judicial exegesis and addresses what may lie ahead for this aspect of the external affairs power.

‘International concern’ has, for some years, hovered as a possible basis for the subject matter of legislation to attract the Commonwealth external affairs power, alongside other grounds such as the implementation of an international convention or recommendation, geographical externality, relations with other countries or customary international law. The head of power relies upon such grounds to colour a piece of Commonwealth legislation with the hue of ‘external affairs'. This ‘colouring’ therefore enables a subject matter to be within the Commonwealth Parliament's legislative competence.
The Constitution and Military Justice After White V Director of Military Prosecutions
Authors: Kennett Geoffrey
Published: January 2018

For a time, the discipline of Australian military forces provided an interesting study in the application of Imperial legislation. That feature of the system has fallen away at least since the enactment of the Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth) ('Discipline Act’). Since then, attention has been directed to the consequences of a tension between the necessary (or at least universally accepted) nature of military discipline and the values embedded in Chapter III of the Constitution.

Beginning a discussion of the Constitution and military justice in 2005, Mr Tracey observed:

In the long history of warfare it has come to be regarded as a truism that any effective and successful military force must be well disciplined. That discipline is to be maintained and enforced by commanders at all levels. It is as necessary in small matters such as punctuality and cleanliness as it is in more important ones like the protection of the human rights of non-combatants.
Justice Windeyer on the Engineers‘ Case
Authors: Goldsworthy Jeffrey
Published: January 2018

In their majority judgment in the Work Choices Case, five Justices of the High Court endorsed a well known obiter dictum of Windeyer J in Victoria v Commonwealth ('the Payroll Tax Case’). The dictum concerns the Engineers’ Case, which famously repudiated the doctrines of implied intergovernmental immunities and reserved state powers, previously held by the Griffith Court to be entailed by the federal principle implicit in the basic structure of the Constitution. The Court in Engineers declared that both doctrines, and the reasoning on which they were based, were erroneous. But Windeyer J disagreed with this. He said that he had never regarded the decision in Engineers ‘as the correction of antecedent errors or as the uprooting of heresy': it ‘does not to my mind mean that the original judges of the High Court were wrong in their understanding of what at the time of federation was believed to be the effect of the Constitution and in reading it accordingly.'