bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and controlling delayed rumor propagation with general incidence in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Luo Xupeng , Jiang Haijun , Li Jiarong , Chen Shanshan , Xia Yang
Published: June 2023

To explore the rumor propagation dynamics in online social networks (OSNs) and propose the corresponding control strategies, a novel Ignorants-Spreaders-1-Spreaders-2-Removers (I2SR) rumor-spreading model with general incidence is first formulated in heterogeneous networks. This model covers the bilinear incidence and nonlinear incidence, and considers the time delay in the rumor-spreading process, which is universal and practical. We analytically derive the basic reproduction numbers, which determine the existence of rumor-spreading equilibria but also the global dynamics of the model. Moreover, the Lyapunov–LaSalle principle and the graph-theoretic approach prove the global asymptotic stability of the rumor-free/rumor-spreading equilibria in detail. Significantly, the effects of various strategies, including uniform control, targeted control, and acquaintance control, are implemented and compared. Finally, the developed theoretical results are tested via numerical simulations and a real case data of rumors, showing that the model can more accurately simulate rumor-spreading in OSNs.
CFD analysis of drop generation in cross-junction microchannel
Authors: Khalilzadeh Zeinab , Fallah Keivan , Alinejad Javad , Rostamiyan Yasser
Published: June 2023

The development of microfluidic devices, which handle small volumes of fluids for mechanical, chemical and medical purposes, is accelerating. Drop microfluidics is a booming field. This study aimed to attain a better understanding of drop generation in a cross-junction device. Hence, the generation of drops in the cross-junction microchannel was numerically and two-dimensionally simulated. For this purpose, the open-source code of Gerris was implemented. Also, the effect of Ca and We number on the drop generation process was evaluated. The AMR technique is utilized to simulate drop motion. Six distinct regimes are identified, namely, long alternating (LA), short alternating (SA), alternating with different sizes (ADS), small drops (SD), jetting (J) and parallel (P). In combination with (LA and SA) regimes, the size of one drop is larger than the hydraulic diameter and the other is smaller. In the large alternating regime, the length of the drops decreases when Weber numbers increase and the drop generation frequency increases as the We number increases. In each transition from one regime to another, the pinch-off location suddenly increases, and then in each regime, with the increment of the We number, the location of drop breakage decreases.
Comparison of Expected Distances in Traditional and Non-Traditional Layouts
Authors: Tutam Mahmut , White John A.
Published: June 2023

The performance of a unit-load warehouse depends on numerous parameters such as storage area, layout, aisle configuration, width-to-depth ratio, the number and locations of dock doors, storage policy, etc. These parameters typically relate to the layout configuration, which can be either traditional (rectangle-shaped) or non-traditional (contour-line-shaped). In this paper, we analyze the performance of rectangle-shaped and contour-line-shaped storage areas within a unit-load warehouse having multiple dock doors. Expected distances traveled in rectangle-shaped storage areas are compared with expected distances in their counterpart contour-line-based storage areas when an ABC class-based storage policy is used to assign unit-loads. For a single product class, the expected-distance for a rectangle-shaped storage area is at most 6.07% greater than it is for the corresponding contour-line-shaped storage area. Depending on the skewness of the ABC curve or storage areas for multiple classes, the expected distance for rectangle-shaped storage areas can be no more than 0.59% greater than it is for the corresponding contour-line shaped storage areas when multiple dock doors are distributed with a specified distance between them.
On a relativistic quark model description via the fractional Nikiforov–Uvarov method
Authors: Abu-Shady M. , Kaabar Mohammed K. A.
Published: June 2023

The Dirac equation (DE) plays an essential role in the relativistic quantum systems, which is reduced to a form similar to Schrödinger equation when a certain potential’s type is selected as the Cornell potential. By choosing the generalized fractional derivative, the fractional Nikiforov–Uvarov method is applied as a good efficient tool. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions are obtained in the sense of fractional forms by solving DE analytically. The special case is obtained, which is compatible with the classical model. In addition, we applied the present results on the light mesons such as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Solving the fractional DE will open a new path to solve and improve results in the classical relativistic quantum systems.
Virasoro symmetries of the dispersionless coupled constrained KP hierarchy
Authors: Luo Xiaoman , Li Chuanzhong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we construct the dispersionless coupled constrained KP hierarchy. We also introduce vital formal Laurent series [Formula: see text] to construct new flows, which lead out the additional symmetries of the dispersionless coupled constrained KP hierarchy. The additional flows construct a sub-algebra of the Virasoro algebra. In addition, we give the additional flows acting on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of the dispersionless coupled constrained KP hierarchy.
Hybrid nanofluid flow over an unsteady stretching/shrinking disk with thermal radiation
Authors: Maiti Hiranmoy , Mukhopadhyay Swati , Vajravelu K.
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper is to examine the combined effects of unsteadiness and thermal radiation on the flow of a mixture nanoliquid due to a shrinking disk. Investigation of flow near a stagnation-point naturally arises in several industrial sectors and is useful owing to its significance in thermal enhancement. The motion is persuaded by a radially stretched/shrinked exterior of the disk in adding to the flow near a stagnation point. As a result, this research examines the thermophysical belongings of the unsteady flow near a stagnation-point past a stretching/shrinking disk by using twin-kind nanoelements, viz. a mixture nanoliquid. Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles have been considered in water to produce hybrid nanofluid. The numerous uses like electronic cooling system, heat exchangers and radiators are available. Using similarity transformations, self-similar equations have been obtained which are then solved numerically using MATHEMATICA software. Comparisons have been made with the available data in the literature and found a complete agreement for some special case of the problem. Double solutions subsist for equally stretched and shrinked disks, whereas a unique solution exists for the static disk. For flow past a stretching or a shrinking disk, a 27.79% of increase in warmth transport speed is noted for mixture nanofluid, contrasted to the nanoliquid. Hence, this study will be of interest to several scientists and engineers, owing its capability to augment the speed of heat transport in contrast to the regular nanofluids.
A stretching cylindrical carreau nanofluid border layer movement with motile microorganisms and variable thermal characteristics
Authors: He Ji-Huan , Moatimid Galal M. , Mohamed Mona A. A. , Elagamy Khaled
Published: June 2023

This work investigates a non-Newtonian MHD Carreau nanofluid over a stretched vertical cylinder of an incompressible boundary layer with mobile microorganisms. The flow exists in permeable media and follows the modified Darcy’s law. An unchanged normal magnetic strength to the walls saturates the system. Ohmic dissipation, heat source, modified chemical reaction with activation energy properties, heat, volumetric nanoparticles fraction as well as microorganism profiles are covered. Thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity are taken as functions of heat and nanoparticle concentration, correspondingly. The fundamental governing system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) is converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by employing appropriate similarity transforms. The latter system is numerically analyzed through fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK-4) simultaneously with the shooting process. The numerical outcomes showed that the curvature coefficient, magnetism and chemically activated energy perform a significant role in the velocity, heat, nanoparticle and chemical organism distributions. The impacts of several physical restrictions are tested and portrayed in a group of graphs. It is observed that the presence of microbes and nanoparticles, which are described in buoyancy terms, causes the flow to decay and slow down. By lowering the buoyancy and bio-convection characteristics, this infection can be prevented. With the development of all heat-related elements, heat transfer is enhanced, which is a significant feature associated with the current flow. These insights are important and useful in various physical and engineering fields.
Significance of Navier’s slip and Arrhenius energy function in MHD flow of Casson nanofluid over a Riga plate with thermal radiation and nonuniform heat source
Authors: Das Manik , Kumbhakar Bidyasagar , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: June 2023

Riga plate is known to create a crossing electric and magnetic field to generate a wall-parallel Lorentz force. The significance of Casson nanofluid flow past a Riga plate is observed in the sphere of engineering, such as polymer extrusion, food manufacturing, plastic films, oil reserves and geothermal manufacturing. Researchers are interested in this model because of its potential use in biological rheological models. As Casson nanofluid flows are of great interest, this study aims to investigate the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow with heat and mass transport of Casson nanofluid over a flat Riga plate. As a novelty, this study also includes the effectiveness of wall velocity slip, activation energy, nonlinear radiation, and temperature and space-dependent heat source/sink. Suitable similarity transformations have been employed to generate the dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from the partial differential equations (PDEs) regulating the fluid flow problem. The transformed nonlinear boundary value problem is then solved numerically using the in-built routine “bvp4c” in MATLAB. The visual demonstrations are provided for the effects of various significant physical factors on the flow, heat and mass distributions. On the other hand, wall shear stress and rates of heat and mass transport at the surface are measured and displayed numerically in tabular form. The findings indicate that the fluid velocity in both directions slows as the velocity slip parameter increases. However, the velocity profile is escalated with the boost of modified Hartmann number. An increase in heat source parameters leads to decrease the heat transmission rate at the wall. The higher values of the radiation parameter result in a better wall heat transmission rate. Further, the rate of mass transport drops when the activation energy parameter is hiked.
A study under the impact of Soret and Dufour effects on MHD stagnation point flow and heat transfer towards a stretching sheet
Authors: Sharma Ram Prakash , Mahanta Chandralekha , Mishra S. R.
Published: June 2023

This paper signifies the consequence of the thermal diffusion (Soret) and diffusion-Thermo (Dufour) effect on MHD stagnation point flow and transportation of thermal energy near a stretching plate. However, the inclusion of thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, and chemical reaction enriches the profiles significantly. By using similarity transformation, the set of leading equations is altered into a set of dimensionless ordinary differential equations. After that, the aim is to convert boundary layer equations into dimensionless ones so that the set of converting equations is computed by using bvp4c solver on MATLAB software. The governing nonlinear equations were resolved with Runge–Kutta fourth-order technique numerically. The significance of radiation, magnetic field, suction, Schmidt number, velocity ratio parameter, heat absorption coefficient, permeability, thermo-diffusion number, diffusion-thermo number on momentum gradient, energy gradient and concentration gradient distribution is analyzed. The parameters, diffusion-thermo number Du and thermo-diffusion number Sr have opposite behaviors on both temperature and concentration fields. Here, also, it is observed that the heat sink parameter has a noticeable influence on the fluid temperature distribution profile.
Comparison of the capacitance of MnCo2O4 supercapacitor electrode synthesized with different morphologies
Authors: Nakhodchari Maedeh Mousavi , seifi Majid , Moghadam Mohammad Taghi Tourchi
Published: June 2023

In this research, manganese cobaltite (MCO) nanoparticles with different morphologies were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method with excellent electrochemical properties. To investigate the physical features of prepared samples, XRD analysis was used to study the crystalline structure. The SEM and TEM proved that the morphology of synthesized materials formed as flake and nanoplane structures. The electrode of samples was prepared using the hydrothermal method and the electrochemical properties of samples were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic stability analysis. Results showed that the flake structures of nanoparticles revealed the highest capacitance of 1971.98[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] at 0.5[Formula: see text]Ag[Formula: see text] as well as longer stability compared to the others with the nanoplane structure. The high cyclic stability of 91.47% after 5000 cycles introduces this electrode as a durable and promising electrode for use in energy storage devices.
Investigating the wetting behavior of polypropylene hydrophobic membrane using CF4 plasma treatment
Authors: Kiamehr Zeynab , Mozaffari Samaneh
Published: June 2023

Membrane wetting by liquid absorbents limits the performance of membrane contactor, which shows the necessity of using superhydrophobic membranes in these systems. In recent years, the use of plasma irradiation to modify polymer membranes has received much attention from researchers. In this experimental research, the polypropylene membrane surface was irradiated with CF4 plasma at different times to reduce the membrane wetting and create a superhydrophobic surface. The modified membranes were evaluated in terms of measurements of roughness and morphology, chemical properties, and hydrophilicity. In the results of the AFM * and SEM † tests, the structural difference caused by the surface modification and the resulting roughness can be well observed. The FTIR ‡ results showed the creation of new functional groups due to the surface modification process. The physicochemical changes of the modified surface led to an increase in the CA § to 166∘. Finally, the performance of modified membranes was evaluated for protein adsorption, and the results indicated a significant decrease in adsorption for modified superhydrophobic membranes compared to the control membrane. Achieving superhydrophobic PP membranes by plasma treatment without damaging the physical structure of these membranes is a significant result that is simply not achieved by other methods because it causes the membrane tissue to disintegrate. It has also been shown that the conditions of plasma application play a decisive role in the hydrophobicity of modified surfaces.
A distributed thermal model of GaN HEMT considering nonlinear thermal conductivity and PCB effect
Authors: Chen Xinhuang , Wu Zhaohui , Li Bin
Published: June 2023

A distributed thermal model for analyzing the heat distribution of GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is presented in this paper. The thermal resistance calculation of multi-gate GaN HEMT with nonlinear thermal conductivity is derived. Considering the heat conduction of PCB and the nonlinear thermal conductivity, the model developed in COMSOL realizes the consistency between the simulation results and the measurement results. Based on the model, the surface and internal temperatures can be extracted for the thermal resistance calculation. The proposed method combined model simulation with numerical calculation will be helpful for designers to analyze the thermal distribution of transistors and the circuits.
FINITE-TIME STABILITY OF WOLBACHIA-DRIVEN MOSQUITOES BASED ON STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH TIME-VARYING DELAY
Authors: GUO WENJUAN , YU JIANSHE
Published: June 2023

It is well known that various environmental factors, such as temperature, rainfall and humidity, strongly influence the development and reproduction of mosquito populations and thus the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne diseases. In this paper, a stochastic noise is introduced to describe the effects of environmental changes on mosquito population dynamics. Considering the waiting period of wild mosquitoes from mating to emergence, the finite-time stability of wild mosquitoes by releasing Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes was studied using a stochastic differential equation with time-varying delay. Finite-time stability describes the phenomenon that the bound of the state does not exceed a specified threshold at a fixed time interval. Sufficient conditions for the finite-time stability are obtained by employing the Lyapunov function and stochastic comparison theorem. Numerical simulations are also provided to illustrate our theoretical results.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CHAOS BASED BEHAVIOR INSPIRED COHERENT SMATTERING WITH ITS POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: BARY GHULAM , AHMED WAQAR , AHMAD RIAZ , ELDIN SAYED M. , KHAN ILYAS , HUANG DUOHUI
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we investigated the influence of temperature and momentum-dependent coherence-chaos radiations on particle excretion from a fluid with quantum supremacy. The dynamics interpretation of a system can become exceedingly complex and femtoscopy is an efficient quantum tool that captures and explores the complicated dynamical properties. This research presents a comprehensive and brief analysis of fluid in the context of quantum interference for partially chaotic systems, as well as novel findings for chaos synchronization of identical bosons in the extending source are evaluated. The eminence of coherence on chaotic production has been demonstrated using correlation plots in the existence of the quantum influence. The temperature profile is described with the mitigation of graphs created for various flow peculiarities, and the density equations are derived through feasible interferences transformation approaches. Results exhibit the quantitative data of chaotic and droplets exhibiting coherence features and illustrate a premise that depicts motivated conversions between cold and hot bosonic particles crossover during the expanding of emitted sources. The emergent phase can contain a partially thermalized distribution of particles which is elucidated by the swiftness of the hadronic transition and this phase reveals marvelous entirely quantum correlations according to our findings. In particular, we formulate the normalized interception for the hybrid system using particular methods to probe the source configurations.
Effect of dispersion and nonlinearity on ultrashort optical pulse propagation in long-period fiber grating: An analytical investigation
Authors: Pawar Santosh , Yadav Ritesh , Chouhan Ghisiya , Kumar Abinash
Published: June 2023

Long-period fiber grating is widely used as an optical component in photonics communication technology. The optical pulse propagation in grating has been studied mostly numerically and some number of studies carried out experimentally. The detailed analytical investigation has not been reported due to the complexity of the mathematical equations. Here, we have investigated analytically the effect of dispersion and nonlinearity on ultrafast optical pulse propagation in long-period fiber grating and derived the expression for transmitted optical pulses because the detailed analytical investigation has not been reported by any authors. The results of the study show how grating-induced overall dispersion and nonlinearity-induced self-phase modulation (SPM) modify the shape of the ultrashort optical pulses when it’s propagating through a length of the grating. The combined effects of dispersion and SPM on the optical pulse evaluation are also analyzed. From the plotted graphs it is investigated that the dispersion of the grating distorted the pulse shape whereas SPM shifts the pulse towards the higher time scale. It is also investigated that the distorted optical pulse due to dispersion is reshaped by the nonlinearity introduced in the medium due to the combined effect of dispersion and SPM. Optical pulse compression, optical limiting and pulse reshaping are also illustrated as a function of excitation intensity.
Growth, structural and optical analysis of sodium sulphamate single crystal for NLO applications
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Vijayan N. , Gupta Neha , Khan Naghma , Kumar Mahesh , Gupta Govind
Published: June 2023

The slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST) was used to successfully grow inorganic single crystals of sodium sulphamate (NaS) in ambient conditions. The titled crystal’s structural and optical characteristics were evaluated using a variety of spectroscopic techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to examine the crystal structure characteristics. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the optical properties of the NaS crystal were carefully examined, and the optical bandgap was determined using Tauc’s plot. The HR-XRD analysis examined crystalline perfection. Additionally, photoluminescence spectroscopy determined the emission spectra, and time-resolved photoluminescence measured the decay rate. The [Formula: see text]-scan technique was also used to examine the titled crystal’s nonlinear optical (NLO) performance.
Linear and Nonlinear Vibration of Axially Loaded Timoshenko Beam with Elastic Supports: Effects of Transition Parameter
Authors: Li Zewei , Xie Mingzhi , Li Ji’an , Li Yinghui , Yang Yongqing
Published: June 2023

Axially loaded beam-like structures, such as beam segments and piers of cable-stayed bridges, are widely used in civil engineering. This paper presents a study on the linear and nonlinear vibration of an axially loaded Timoshenko beam with elastic supports. The governing equations of the system are derived using Timoshenko beam theory and von Kármán geometric nonlinearity within the framework of Hamilton’s principle. A transition parameter is introduced to describe the direction of the axial internal force during the beam’s deformation. Galerkin’s method is employed to reduce the nonlinear partial differential equations, from which linear solutions can be obtained. Nonlinear discretized equations are solved using the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method. Frequency-response curves of the beam system are tracked by pseudo arc-length continuation, and Floquet’s theory is used to determine the system’s stability. Numerical examples are presented to validate the proposed solutions, comparing the results with the literature and the Runge-Kutta method. The effects of the transition parameter, elastic support’s stiffness, and supported position are investigated for both linear and nonlinear vibration of the axially loaded Timoshenko beam. Of particular interest is the significance of the transition parameter, especially for a Timoshenko beam subjected to extreme axial compression with a small slenderness ratio. The present analysis provides critical insights into the design and analysis of such axially loaded structures in various civil engineering applications.
CRIME HOTSPOT EMERGENCE IN MEXICO CITY: A COMPLEXITY SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ D. , JIMÉNEZ MARCO A. , BAUTISTA J. A.
Published: June 2023

We present a dynamic model based on the theories proposed by environmental criminologists to explain the emergence of crime hotspots within cities; a pervasive phenomenon that is largely independent of cities size and cultural differences. The model is defined on a multiplex network that represents a city spatial tiling with its corresponding urban transport infrastructure, allowing to explore the relation between crime hotspot locations and the network topological features. It also allows to explore the effects that cities time evolution and police checkpoints might have on the emergence of crime hotspots. For Mexico City, the model shows that heterogeneous distributions of criminal activity arise from a diffusion-driven instability, as a self-organizing process. The results obtained for this city are in line with several insights from environmental criminology, such as the relationship between urban layout and crime hotspots locations, or the conceptual label assigned to specific locations as crime generators. They also uncover new relationships between cities design and crime hotspot locations, and suggest that routine activity theory alone cannot explain the emergence of heterogeneous crime distributions.
Hedging Salmon Price Risk Based on Fuzzy Copula-GMM Model
Authors: Yu Xing , Liu Chenya , Zhang Weiguo
Published: June 2023

Copula method can explain the dependent function or connection function which connects the joint distribution and the univariate marginal distribution. Therefore, copula has recently become a most significant important tool in the financial field of risk management, portfolio allocation, and derivative asset pricing. However, it leads to a possibilistic uncertainty in estimating the parameters of copulas because of insufficient historical data, imprecise parameter estimation, and uncertain knowledge of future prices. This paper proposes a fuzzy copula model via Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence to model the fuzzy relations, and further to investigate the hedging issues of salmon futures. We use a new framework of hedging under fuzzy circumstances, consisting of innovative marginal distributions and fuzzy intervals. By synergizing fuzzy copula and simulations, we use the fuzzy copula-GMM to obtain the hedge ratios of salmon futures. The empirical results show that, compared with traditional probabilistic methods, the fuzzy copula-GMM hedges the salmon spot risk measured by variance more successfully.
Optimizing the walk coin in the quantum random walk search algorithm
Authors: Tonchev Hristo , Danev Petar
Published: June 2023

This paper examines quantum random walk search algorithm with walk coin constructed by generalized Householder reflection and additional phase shift factor. The results from numerical simulations with neural network show that, with such a construction of the walk coin, the algorithm is more robust to inaccuracies in the specific values of its parameters, as long as it is possible to control the phase difference between the phase shift factor and the phase involved in the Householder reflection. This paper explicitly shows how achieving a properly designed phase difference would make quantum random walk search on a hypercube more robust for coin register consisting of one, two and three qubits.
Correspondence between quantum communication protocol and quantum game theory
Authors: Ramachadran Meera , Balakrishnan S.
Published: June 2023

In search of a way to securely transfer information, the scientific world uses entanglement with several qubits. However, the experimental feasibility of implementing communication protocols remains unclear. In this work, we indicate a one-to-one correspondence between a quantum dialogue and the quantum Stackelberg duopoly game. If we consider a controller-dependent communication protocol to be a sequential quantum game, the two players, Alice and Bob, can be compared to two firms, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the controller Charlie can be assumed to be the arbiter. First mover advantage is a significant feature of the Stackelberg duopoly game, which is explained and proved in the protocol. Further, we propose a controller-independent bidirectional quantum dialogue using four-qubit maximally entangled states. The efficiency of the protocol is determined to be 50%.
Accretion of modified Chaplygin–Jacobi gas and modified Chaplygin–Abel gas onto Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Mukherjee Puja , Debnath Ujjal , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: June 2023

Herein, we have discussed about the accretion of two extremely interesting forms of dark energies, namely “Modified Chaplygin–Jacobi Gas” (MCJG) and “Modified Chaplygin–Abel Gas” (MCAG) onto a Schwarzschild black hole of dimension 4. First, considering the above-mentioned dark energies, we have deduced the rate of change of mass and then evolved the required mass from it in terms of the redshift [Formula: see text]. We have also plotted the mass versus redshift graphs for different values of the elliptic modulus [Formula: see text] in the case of MCJG and different values of [Formula: see text] in the case of MCAG, respectively. Also, mass versus redshift graphs have been portrayed in the different stages of the FRW universe. We have found that in the case of both MCJG and MCAG accretion, the mass of the black holes follow an increasing pattern. But as expected in the case of the phantom energy-filled universe, the mass of the black hole shows decreasing nature. Again in the case of the [Formula: see text]CDM stage of the universe, accretion of MCAG primarily leads to an increase in mass, and then it gradually diminishes.
Relativistic configurations of Tolman stellar spheres in f(𝒢,𝒯 ) gravity
Authors: Naz Tayyaba , Malik Adnan , Gillani Dania , Mofarreh Fatemah
Published: June 2023

This study is devoted to investigate the formation of compact stars using Tolman–Kuchowicz space-time in [Formula: see text] gravity. By taking into account the physically reliable formulations of metric potentials, [Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text], we investigate the equation of motion for spherically symmetric space-time in the presence of an anisotropic matter distribution. Furthermore, matching conditions are employed to compute the unknown constants. By making use of dynamical equations, the pivotal relevant aspects, including energy density, radial and tangential pressures, dynamical equilibrium, anisotropy effect, energy conditions and stability, are physically tested in order to determine the physical acceptability of yielding celestial model, which are thoroughly compared with experimental facts and figures of ten different compact stars. Finally, we observe that obtained anisotropic outcomes are physically viable, free from geometrical and physical singularities. Moreover, these outcomes also provide circumstantial evidence for the existence of super-massive compact stars.
Teaching with Arduino: Porphyrinoids’ fluorescence in olive oil
Authors: Bolze Frédéric
Published: June 2023

During the pandemic period, we were forced to reconsider teaching of practical labs, as students had mainly to work at home. It was the occasion to explore the use of cheap microcontroller kits for teaching chemistry and to work out some manipulations with household products. Back to normal life, it is important to valorize this equipment and work to design simple chemistry experiments which could be performed by students at home with Arduino kits adapted to chemistry, to illustrate various courses in addition to classical manipulations performed in the laboratory with specific equipment and products. We describe here the construction of a simple and cheap Arduino-based fluorimeter and its use to study relative porphyrinoids (mainly chlorophylls and pheophytins) contents in olive oils, and the effect of heating on the degradation of such substances. We used an Arduino Uno kit with a LED, a light-to-frequency converter associated with an excitation-blocking filter, and a 3D-printed sample holder.
Testing the Economic Growth Path “Green-Resilience” Under Natural Resources Constraint in Asia-Pacific Economies
Authors: Tchouto Jules-Eric Tchapchet
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis under natural resources (NRs) constraint in nine Asian-Pacific countries with data spanning from 2000 to 2019. Using Pooled OLS estimations, results show that economic growth is on a pathway from which environmental quality is improved. Hypothesising that NRs exploitation is a potential factor that can exacerbate environmental quality, the study shows that the Asian economic structure is on a “green-resilience” path when controlling for total and each NRs component. The magnitude of each NR component in the ability of increasing CO2 emissions is characterised. Results are robust with different methods of estimations (control variables, alternative dependent variable, Two Stages Least Squares (2SLS)-3SLS Instrumental Variables strategies, Panel-Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) and Driscoll and Kraay methods). As policy implications, Asia-Pacific countries should amplify eco-innovation, development of renewable energies and fiscal policies as they positively impact FDI on green growth.
Design and Performance Analysis of Negative Capacitance Effect in the Charge Plasma-Based Junction-Less Vertical TFET Structure
Authors: Singh Shailendra , Singh Jeetendra
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a negative capacitance (NC) effect in series with normal oxide capacitance is first time introduced to design negative capacitance charge plasma-based junction less vertical TFET structure (NC-CP-JL-VTFET). The introduced negative capacitance enhances the overall gate capacitance and hence gate capacitive coupling and thus renders high current capabilities with reduced sub-threshold slope and threshold voltage. With the use of negative capacitance along with oxide capacitance, it has been seen that the same drain current is achieved at lower gate voltage as compared to without use of negative capacitance and since the voltage scaling is done considerably, the dynamic power dissipation in circuit application can be reduced significantly. To generate the negative capacitance during the device operation; ferroelectric material [Formula: see text](VDF-TrFE) poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoro ethylene) is used in stack with SiO2 gate oxide. Various performance parameters of the designed structure such as electron–hole concentration in the tunneling junction, electric field, surface potential, electron–hole quasi-Fermi variation, and drain current variation are investigated and compared with the results of without considering the ferroelectric material in the gate oxide. The variation of the ferroelectric thickness on the device performance is also investigated. The investigation exhibits significant improvement in the drain current and in the other parameters as well. These improvements are seen because of higher capacitive coupling and these effects are further responsible for more energy band bending which in turn govern high electron tunneling. Due to the existence of negative capacitance, the peak value of the electric field gets doubled while the surface potential increases 44% from the normal structure.
Adaptive Performance-Constrained Synchronization Control for Hypersonic Flight Vehicle Swarms: A Novel Finite-Time Convergence Protocol Methodology
Authors: Lv Maolong , Zhou Chuhan
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a novel neural adaptive performance-constrained synchronization tracking control algorithm for multiple hypersonic flight vehicles (HFVs), which are subject to actuator faults and full-state constraints. The proposed method is based on advanced Lyapunov finite-time stability theory and a sophisticated backstepping design scheme. The longitudinal model of HFV is converted into velocity and altitude subsystems through functional decomposition. Our method presents three significant contributions over the existing state-of-the-art approaches: (a) ensuring finite-time convergence of HFVs systems by guaranteeing that the setting time is lower bounded by a positive constant that is related to the initial states; (b) utilizing a tan-type Barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) to ensure that the synchronization tracking errors of velocity, altitude, flight path angle, angle of attack, and pitch angle rate are maintained within certain performance bounds; and (c) designing a neural adaptive control algorithm and adaptive parameter laws by combining the backstepping design technique and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) to handle unknown actuator faults and modeling uncertainties. Finally, comparative simulations are conducted to validate the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
PACMHCI - Engineering Interactive Computing Systems, June 2023: Editorial Introduction
Authors: Luyten Kris , Santoro Carmen
Published: June 2023

Welcome to this issue of the Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, bringing together contributions from the community on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems (EICS). The EICS track of the PACM-HCI is the primary venue for research contributions at the intersection of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Software Engineering. This year, over the three rounds of submissions, for the issue of PACM-HCI we received 68 valid submissions (out of 90 submissions in total), of which we carefully selected 19 papers, bringing our acceptance rate to 27.9%. The result of this selection process is presented in this issue of the Proceedings of the ACM.
8-year Evaluation of GameBus: Status quo in Aiming for an Open Access Platform to Prototype and Test Digital Health Apps
Authors: Van Gorp Pieter , Nuijten Raoul
Published: June 2023

Although a vast number of mobile health interventions has been discussed in the scientific literature, the scientific evidence for engineering gamified health interventions is too meager. Depending on the context, this leads to immature investments on one side of the spectrum and delayed implementations on the other side. GameBus is a web platform for increasing the rigor of gamified health experiments in living lab settings. This article clarifies the scientific design rationale of this platform and provides an eight-year evaluation of its performance. We demonstrate that a large variety of studies has been performed, leading to a promising data set for analyzing the impact of gamification techniques in the context of health promotion. While various articles on such studies have been published, along with data sets, this article shares novel information to enable other scholars to scale up such efforts. We also highlight critical gaps to guide future work on the platform.
A Quality Model-based Approach for Measuring User Interface Aesthetics with Grace
Authors: Zen Mathieu , Burny Nicolas , Vanderdonckt Jean
Published: June 2023

User interface aesthetics, a particular sub-characteristic of the ISO 25010 software quality model, is correlated to the perceived or actual usability of a graphical user interface, its user experience, and trust. While many measures, such as balance, symmetry, proportion, alignment, regularity, and simplicity, can be computed, no consensus exists today on which measure to adopt, which formula to compute for each measure, and which interpretation to give for each computed formula. To accommodate these variations and to make the assessment explicit and interpretable, we present a quality model-based approach for measuring aesthetics that defines a quality function in terms of the formula of the measures, their weights, their composition, and their overall computation. This quality model is transformed into a configuration used by GRACE, a web application developed for this purpose. When the measures, their formula, their weights, or the quality function change, the quality model changes, which is re-computed to compare it with any other model, thus making the measurement process explicit and interpretable. We apply this approach to a large dataset "Lab in the Wild'' to investigate the correlations between aesthetic measures and perceived visual complexity and colorfulness. We discuss limitations through threats to validity.
Enabling Customization of Discussion Forums for Blind Users
Authors: Sunkara Mohan , Prakash Yash , Lee Hae-Na , Jayarathna Sampath , Ashok Vikas
Published: June 2023

Online discussion forums have become an integral component of news, entertainment, information, and video-streaming websites, where people all over the world actively engage in discussions on a wide range of topics including politics, sports, music, business, health, and world affairs. Yet, little is known about their usability for blind users, who aurally interact with the forum conversations using screen reader assistive technology. In an interview study, blind users stated that they often had an arduous and frustrating interaction experience while consuming conversation threads, mainly due to the highly redundant content and the absence of customization options to selectively view portions of the conversations. As an initial step towards addressing these usability concerns, we designed PView - a browser extension that enables blind users to customize the content of forum threads in real time as they interact with these threads. Specifically, PView allows the blind users to explicitly hide any post that is irrelevant to them, and then PView automatically detects and filters out all subsequent posts that are substantially similar to the hidden post in real time, before the users navigate to those portions of the thread. In a user study with blind participants, we observed that compared to the status quo, PView significantly improved the usability, workload, and satisfaction of the participants while interacting with the forums.
Evaluating a Large Language Model on Searching for GUI Layouts
Authors: Brie Paul , Burny Nicolas , Sluÿters Arthur , Vanderdonckt Jean
Published: June 2023

The field of generative artificial intelligence has seen significant advancements in recent years with the advent of large language models, which have shown impressive results in software engineering tasks but not yet in engineering user interfaces. Thus, we raise a specific research question: would an LLM-based system be able to search for relevant GUI layouts? To address this question, we conducted a controlled study evaluating how Instigator, an LLM-based system for searching GUI layouts of web pages by generative pre-trained training, would return GUI layouts that are relevant to a given instruction and what would be the user experience of (N =34) practitioners interacting with Instigator. Our results identify a very high similarity and a moderate correlation between the rankings of the GUI layouts generated by Instigator and the rankings of the practitioners with respect to their relevance to a given design instruction. We highlight the results obtained through thirteen UEQ+ scales that characterize the user experience of the practitioner with Instigator, which we use to discuss perspectives for improving such future tools.
FORTE: Few Samples for Recognizing Hand Gestures with a Smartphone-attached Radar
Authors: Chioccarello Stefano , Sluÿters Arthur , Testolin Alberto , Vanderdonckt Jean , Lambot Sébastien
Published: June 2023

Radar sensing technologies offer several advantages over other gesture input modalities, such as the ability to reliably sense human movements, a reasonable deployment cost, insensitivity to ambient conditions such as light, temperature, and the ability to preserve anonymity. These advantages come at the price of high processing complexity mainly due to the spatio-temporal variations of gesture articulation performed by different people. Deep learning methods, such as CNN-LSTM and 3D CNN-LSTM, have a high potential to recognize radar-based gestures but usually require hundreds or thousands of labeled training samples and high processing power. Asking a lot of people to acquire a lot of gestures is particularly tedious and tiring to the point of being unrealistic. To overcome these challenges, we propose FORTE, a hand gesture recognition with few samples based on an optimized CNN architecture working on pre-processed raw data. Using a k=5-fold cross-validation, we define and compare three alternative CNNs for recognizing hand gestures acquired in a semi-mobile context of use with a portable radar attached to a smartphone. The best CNN reaches an accuracy of 94.96% with a precision of 95.92% and a recall of 96.03% for a dataset composed of solely 5 participants producing 2 samples for 20 classes covering 1 pointing, 2 pantomimic, 3 iconic, and 14 semaphoric gestures. We suggest some implications for designing radar-based gestures and we discuss the limitations of this approach.
The Experience Sampling Method and its Tools: A Review for Developers, Study Administrators, and Participants
Authors: Gross Tom , Malzhacker Tony
Published: June 2023

The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is a popular research method found in many fields to gather rich insights into participants' thoughts, emotions, and daily routines near the moment they happen. During the last decade, many technologically advanced ESM tools emerged that combine manually entered self-reports with automatically collected data from device sensors. In fact, it became difficult to keep track of them. We compiled a survey of ESM and its tools addressing technological capabilities for developers, study design opportunities for study administrators, and answering usability for study participants. It comprises data from 30 systems, applications, and toolkits, which are used for ESM studies. We present our results on the current state of the art from these main user perspectives, list general shortcomings, and give recommendations for future ESM tools.
A Framework for User Interface Adaptation to Emotions and their Temporal Aspects
Authors: Alipour Mina , Céret Éric , Dupuy-Chessa Sophie
Published: June 2023

Designing and adapting user interfaces (UIs) based on context and individuals' dynamic characteristics is essential to improve user experience and performance. Emotions are a significant aspect of users' characteristics since they lead to certain behaviors. Consequently, adopting emotions in UI adaptation is a crucial task for developers. However, it is difficult considering the various characteristics of emotions, particularly their variability and temporal aspects. This paper presents a framework for UI adaptation covering specific dimensions of emotions and their temporal aspects. More specifically, the mechanism permits UI adaptation to i)different types of emotions categorizations (basic emotions, facial action units, and arousal/valence) and ii) timing (duration) based on different emotions consolidation. Examples from a serious game prototype illustrate the proposed adaptation mechanisms.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Digital Natural and Cultural Heritage: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Weber Andreas , Heerlien Maarten , Gassó Miracle Eulàlia , Wolstencroft Katherine
Published: June 2023

This introduction to the special issue “Digital Natural and Cultural Heritage” has two aims: First, it briefly introduces individual contributions and explains how they relate to one another. Second, it explains our motivation for producing a special issue aimed at bridging the perceived gap between the fields of digital natural and cultural heritage. More concretely, it presents different computational approaches to tackle heterogeneity in digital natural and cultural heritage collections. Here the goal is to make information retrievable, interlinked, and interpretable for researchers and the general public. However, instead of offering final solutions, this special issue rather hopes to highlight the enormous potential that collaborations across domains have. We hope that we offer a starting point for transdisciplinary research in which researchers, curators, and infrastructure developers of both domains communicate and work much tighter together.