bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of adrenal cortical steroids on liver regeneration
Authors: Gershbein Leon L.
Published: February 2007

Rats were partially hepatectomized, injected sc daily for the first 7 days with oil solutions of several mineralo‐ and glucocorticoids, sacrificed on the tenth post‐operative day, and the extent of liver regeneration ascertained. Cortisone and prednisolone acetates at overall levels of 70 and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively, depressed regeneration, as was also noted with aqueous solutions of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone sodium phosphates at about 85 and 0.7 mg/kg, in the order stated; aldosterone (0.5 mg/kg) or fludrocortisone (15 mg/kg) were ineffective. The injection of deoxycorticosterone acetate (130 mg/kg) or the feeding of a diet with spironolactone supplemented at 0.060% accelerated liver regeneration and these, in addition to very massive levels of progesterone, counteracted the effect of cortisone; testosterone propionate negated the action of the latter in the adult female. An inhibitory response was also evident when cortisone acetate was fed at 50 ppm. The extent of regeneration was little affected in rats adrenalectomized at least 5 days prior to partial hepatectomy and, except for dexamethasone (0.7 mg/kg), the inhibitory influence of the above glucocorticoids was minimal; the stimulatory action of spironolactone continued. In normal or adrenalectomized rats with intact liver, the spironolactone feeding and, even more so, the sc injection of fludrocortisone (15 mg/kg) elicited increases in liver‐body weight ratios, cortisone acetate at levels even as high as 190 mg/kg being without action.
Cancer of the pancreas
Authors: Kalberer John T.
Published: February 2007

The National Cancer Institute sponsored a one‐day workshop to discuss future plans for the study of pancreatic cancer. Ten participants discussed the limitations in progress against cancer of the pancreas and recommended studies in the areas of fundamental research, diagnosis, and treatment. They emphasized the need for coordination of clinical studies across the country, development of an early detection method, and participation of more biochemists to better define pancreatic pathophysiology.
Studies on the effects of adenosine upon tumor growth in mice
Authors: Strong Leonell C. , Ishmael Debra
Published: February 2007

Growth rates of spontaneous tumors of C3H and C3HB inbred mice were averaged together. Four series of tests using adenoisine as an inhibitor of tumor growth were used in a 0.05 molar concentration. The four series used were, (a) adenosine I, (b) adenosine II both for intraperitoneal injections, used singly and then combined for comparative analysis, (c) adenosine III, and (d) adenosine IV, both used for subcutaneous injections, of which series III was used in distilled water and series IV in physiological salt solution. Observations on tumor size were plotted at five time‐period intervals in order to determine growth rates. It was found that adenosine IV, in physiological salt solution, gave the greatest deviation from from the controls both in inhibiting tumor growth and also in stimulating tumor growth in mice of the different age and generation classes as determined in a lineal descent from a mouse which had received a liver‐emulsion injection. The subcutaneous injections of adenosine III gave only an early inhibition of tumors whereas the intraperitoneal injections of adenosine I and II brought about a constant inhibition of tumor growth during the life span of tumor‐bearing mice. Variations in the effect of adenosine upon tumor growth were found to be dependent upon 1. the age of the mouse and 2. the generation of descent removed from the original liver treatment (Strong, 1969a). These tests for tumor growth, therefore, provided a close examination of some of the variables involved in the use of adenosine as an inhibitor and as a stimulator of spontaneous tumor growth rates in mice.
Trial of radiolabeled antibody localization in metastases of a patient with a tumor containing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Authors: Reif A. E. , Curtis L. E. , Duffield R. , Shauffer I. A.
Published: February 2007

An attempt to detect metastatic cancer by the specific localization of radiolabeled antibody is reported. The patient had far advanced carcinoma of the colon and a high level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum. She was given whole unabsorbed rabbit antiserum to CEA intravenously, to determine whether CEA can be removed from the circulation. A transient partial depression of the CEA level in serum was obtained, followed by a rebound. Absorbed and purified antibody radiolabeled with 131 I was injected intravenously 19 days later. Total body scans showed no evidence of the localization of the radiolabel in cancer tissue. After another 5 days, injection of the same radiolabeled antibody solution directly into the hepatic artery was attempted. Again, no evidence of localization in liver metastases was obtained. All three infusions of antibody to CEA caused reactions that were ameliorated by Benadryl. Future trials may have better Success if monospecific anti‐CEA is used and patients are chosen who have CEA‐producing tumors, but whose serum CEA levels are low or negative.
Speech and vocational rehabilitation of the laryngectomized patient
Authors: Sako Kumao , Cardinale Salvatore , Marchetta Frank C. , Shedd Donald P.
Published: February 2007

Eighty‐five patients underwent total laryngectomy or total laryngectomy in continuity with a radical neck dissection during the five year period 1964 through 1968. Forty‐eight patients (56.4%) were able to learn esophageal speech; six were rated as excellent, 25 as good, eight as fair, and nine as poor. Nineteen patients (22.4%) who either could not learn esophageal speech or had no desire to learn were able to communicate with the aid of an electronic speaking device.

Of the 53 patients gainfully employed outside the home prior to surgery, only 22 were able to return to work. Forty of the 48 patients who learned esophageal speech were gainfully employed outside the home before surgery, but only 19 (47%) were able to return to work.
Spontaneous renal subcapsular hematoma renal angiography as a diagnostic aid
Authors: Choi S. , Jennings E.
Published: February 2007

Prior to the development of angiography, a definite diagnosis of spontaneous subcapsular renal hematoma was not often made preoperatively. The classic triad of blood loss, pain, and mass on the affected side is seldom presented by the patient. The one constant finding on scout film is an enlarged renal shadow, presenting a problem in differential diagnosis.

Chief among cause of subcapsular renal hemorrhage are trauma, tumor, infarct, arteritis, and bleeding diathises.

Selective renal arteriography gives specific information about the renal vascular supply and the state of the renal parenchyma not available by other means. Diagnosis of subcapsular renal hematom is facilitated by this modality. A correct diagnosis of subcapsukr renal hematoma may well spare an otherwise innocent kidney.

A review of current literature was undertaken, and three documented cases of spontaneous subcapsular hematoma diagnosed prior to surgery and confirmed at surgery are presented.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity — chronic oral ulcerative disease as a possible etiologic factor
Authors: Faraci Robert P. , Schour Lionel , Graykowski Edward A.
Published: February 2007

This report documents the association of carcinoma of the oral cavity with chronic oral ulcerative disease in two patients. This association has not previously been documented in the surgical literature. Both patients in this report had chronic oral ulcerative disease preceding their cancers; however, the common etiologic factors for oral cancer were not detected in either case. Oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris should be considered as potentially premalipant tenons and should be treated accordingly.
Duodenoscopy and endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography: Present position in relation to periampullary and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Blumgart L. H.
Published: February 2007

Duodenoscopy and endoscopic retrograde Choledochopancreatography represent a major advance in the diagnosis of periampullary and pancreatic lesions. Instruments, techniques and complications are reviewed. A combination of endoscopy and ERCP will yield diagnosis in a high proportion of patients suspected of pancreatic or ampullary carcinomata. Information is obtained which is not only of diagnostic value but is important in the surgical treatment of such patients.
Considerations appropriate to a clinical trial of definitive radiation therapy in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Cavanaugh Patrick J.
Published: February 2007

The Author describes criteria for selection of patients who might be eligible for entry into a clinical trial of definitive Radiation Therapy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Most emphasis is placed on careful surgical staging, target volume and location, and the use of bypass procedures when appropriate.
Prospectives for cell and organ culture systems in the study of pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Jamieson J. D.
Published: February 2007

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is presumed to arise from ductal cell precursors. This brief article questions the definitions on which this assumption is based and suggests possible ways to answer the question since for future studies on the etiology of this cancer it is imperative to study the appropriate cell of origin. Possible approaches for future work on pancreatic carcinogenesis utilizing cell and organ culture systems are discussed.
Soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities: Their natural history, treatment, and radiation sensitivity
Authors: Gilbert Harvey A. , Kagan A. Robert , Winkley John
Published: February 2007

The authors have attempted to explore the factors that influence the clinical course of a patient with a soft tissue tumor of the extremity (local recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival) by reviewing the literature as well as the cases at their institution. Do histology, site (proximal extremity versus distal extremity), age, or treatment significantly influence the natural history of the disease?

As regards to treatment, the following questions must be answered. (1) Should the affected extremity be preserved? (2) Does the extent of local treatment really effect the likelihood of these tumors to disseminate? (3) Should ancillary local treatment such as radiation therapy be used and in what fashion? (4) If extremity‐saving techniques were found to be of equal value to amputation, what is the quality of survival in a patient with a compromised extremity (wide excision and irradiation), and would amputation with rehabilitation provide equal or better survival quality?
Rehabilitation problems of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Shedd Donald P.
Published: February 2007

Head and neck cancer and its treatment result in varying degrees of disability affecting various organ systems. Ideal treatment of such patients requires a unit capable of managing problems in the areas of:

Reconstructive surgery

Maxillofacial prosthodontia

Dentistry

Deglutition disorders

Psychological, social, and vocational rehabilitation

Provision of such facilities in an integrated manner will give the patient the optimal chance for rehabilitation from the complex disabilities occurring in head and neck cancer.
Insulin metabolism in depancreatized dogs during hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Lau Tak S. , McMillan Neville , Cherrington Alan , Lo Siu , Drucker William R. , Koven Irving H.
Published: February 2007

This study was done to determine why the plasma insulin remained elevated during shock. Mongrel female dogs (12‐15 kg) were depancreatized and maintained on a constant intraportal infusion of porcine insulin while they were bled to reduce and maintain the mean arterial blood pressure at 50 mm Hg for 165 min. Blood samples were taken for glucose and plasma insulin at 15 min intervals. The data show that there was a progressive rise of plasma insulin during the course of hemorrhagic shock. This occurred despite a constant infusion of insulin, the sole source of insulin available to these depancreatized dogs. Since removal of plasma insulin is largely due to insulin utilization, our findings imply that the rise of plasma insulin in hemorrhagic shock is caused by decreased utilization.
Adoptive transfer of tumor immunity between twins by in vitro immunized nodal macrophages and lymphocytes: Reversal of serum enhancement
Authors: Hickok David F. , Miller Lynda
Published: February 2007

The lymphocytes and serum of a nonidentical twin male with advanced colon cancer were evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of autologous tumor cells. The patient's serum enhanced autologous tumor cell growth. Three siblings including an HL‐A matched grade A female twin underwent similar studies. Benign lymph nodes of the twins and one sibling were evaluated for the ability of nodal macrophages to be sensitized to the patient's tumor antigen. The male twin patient received in‐tralymphatically in vitro sensitized nodal macrophages and lymphocytes from the female twin donor. Thirty days after treatment the patient's lymphocytes and serum inhibited the growth of autologous tumor cells.
Studies of receptors on normal and malignant tissue from man
Authors: Humphrey Loren J.
Published: February 2007

Receptor studies on normal and malignant human tissues were carried out. Erythrocyte receptor studies failed to show differences between malignant and normal tissues; both apparently have a receptor for rat erythrocytes, a hemolysin for monkey erythrocytes, and an agglutinin for rabbit erythrocytes.

Fc receptors were found in several malignant tissues and only an occasional normal tissue, except for a patient who died of sepsis.
The influence of pineal ablation and administration of melatonin on growth and spread of hamster melanoma
Authors: El‐Domeiri Ali A. , Gupta Tapas K. Das
Published: February 2007

Removal of the pineal organ resulted in increase in the growth of transplanted melanoma in hamsters. Administration of melatonin, which is the principle indole found in pineal tissue, to pinealectomized animals abolished this effect. Therefore it was concluded that the effect of pinealectomy on tumor growth is due to a lack of endogenous melatonin. Administration of large doses of melatonin (4 mg/ day) to intact animals, however, did not influence the rate of tumor growth, indicating that the drug has no direct effect on tumor growth and that the changes produced by melatonin deficiency is perhaps due to a complex reaction involving centers in the hypothalamus and brain stem.

Certain morphologic changes were noted in the pineal organs of animals treated with exogenous melatonin. Although the biologic significance of these changes is not clear, study of the electron micrographs indicates that the pinealocytes of the melatonin‐treated animals are in a state of increased activity.
Differences in potentiation of melanoma growth by absorbable and nonabsorbable suture
Authors: Pendergrast W. J. , Futrell J. W. , Mardiney M. R.
Published: February 2007

This study demonstrates that various suture materials have different influences on tumor take and growth. When used in an area containing 105 or greater tumor cells, all suture types studied potentiated tumor growth. At subclinical tumor cell doses ‐ that is, 1,000 or fewer cells that do not normally grow to a clinically detectable tumor ‐‐‐ silk and steel increased tumor occurrence. In comparison, monofilament nylon, polyglycolic acid, and chromic suture did not potentiate tumor growth. This phenomenon of increased tumor growth associated with certain suture types appears to be related to the physical characteristics of the suture involved, although the interaction of the chemical breakdown products of the suture material with the local tumor cells is under investigation. The type of suture material used may play a significant role in the subsequent development of local recurrence of cancer.
Mesenchymoma: A review of literature and report of two cases
Authors: Januska James , Leban Stanley G. , Mashberg Arthur
Published: February 2007

Both benign and malignant varieties of the mesenchymoma have been described.

Previously reported cases of mesenchymoma in the head and neck are rare. Two cases of mesenchymoma occurring intraorally are reported here. In each case local excision has effected apparent cure, for periods of 12 yr and 8 mo, respectively. Local excision is advocated as the primary treatment for such lesions occurring in the oral cavity. Although recurrences in areas other than the oral cavity tend to undergo malignant changes, this phenomenon has not been demonstrated in lesions occurring in oral tissues.
The tricho system: Hypertrichosis, radiation, and cancer
Authors: Lapidus Steven M.
Published: February 2007

Five women in their 6th to 8th decades were treated for facial hypertrichosis in Erie, Pennsylvania, 30 to 40 years ago. The epilations were performed with an X‐ray device called “Tricho System,” which was manufactured, sold, and proclaimed safe by its physician‐inventor. The beauty shop operator who administered these treatments may or may not have received “instruction” by the company in the operation of the equipment.

At varying intervals, each of the 5 women developed radiodermatitis and basal cell and/or squamous cell carcinoma at the sites of epilation. All presented to the plastic surgical service at the Hamot Medical Center in Erie, Pennsylvania. Two underwent massive radical resective surgery, 2 required extensive excision and resurfacing, and 1 refused resective surgery although she had had a previous surgical attempt 17 years earlier. Case histories are presented in detail. This series is representative of the epidemic nature of Tricho‐System‐induced disease.
The metastatic potential of metastases: A case report
Authors: Thomas James H. , Panoussopoulos Dimitrios , Jewell William R.
Published: February 2007

Confirmation of the potential for metastases to metastasize in humans, especially those patients with a well controlled primary, should alter present approaches to patients with malignant disease and isolated recurrences. Reported herein is a case clearly demonstrating the metastatic potential of metastases.
Technical aspects of reed fistula speech rehabilitation following pharyngolaryngectomy
Authors: Shedd D. , Schaaf N. , Weinberg B.
Published: February 2007

The reed fistula method is under development as a method of voice restoration in patients who have undergone laryngopharyngectomy. Introducing extrinsic sound into the pharynx involves a series of biomedical engineering problems. The approaches to solution of these problems are covered in the present article.
Multiple colorectal carcinoma and barium enema perforation
Authors: Krausz M. , Gordon R. L.
Published: February 2007

A patient with simultaneous metachronous carcinoma and polyps of the large bowel is presented. The importance of carcinoma as a predisposing cause to perforation during barium enema is stressed. In view of the considerable incidence of recurrent large bowel tumors, careful routine follow‐up studies should be undertaken and extreme caution exercised during the barium enema.
Hemodialysis in patients with carcinoma
Authors: Baumgartner George , Major Alice , Merrin Claude E.
Published: February 2007

All patients who underwent hemodialysis as part of their treatment for cancer at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1965 to 1974 were retrospectively studied to determine the value of hemodialysis in cancer patients. Approximately 25% (8 cases) lived 5 weeks or longer in spite of advanced renal failure and carcinoma with no severe complications. The longest survivor is still alive after ten years.
Relationship of causative factors in spontaneous regression of cancer to immunologic factors possibly effective in cancer
Authors: Cole Warren H.
Published: February 2007

In a book written by Everson and Cole (1966) on spontaneous regression 176 examples of the phenomenon were encountered in the medical literature from 1900 to 1964, supplemented by cases referred by friends. No common denominator of explanations were found. Various types of trauma (e.g., biopsy, incomplete excision), transfusions, infection, hormone changes, drugs, etc were encountered as possible causative factors. Most significant of all factors was encountered in the 13 examples of spontaneous regression of the bladder; in this series regression of the tumor occurred in 10 after transplantation of the ureters out of the bladder.

A consideration and discussion of various reactions in human beings associated with therapeutic regressions have been reviewed hoping to develop a correlation between the two types of regression. At the time of publication of our monograph 9 years ago we were unable to suggest any mechanisms which might explain the regressions. However, since that time so many advances have been made in immunology that it appears now that a stimulation of the immune process might explain most of the regressions. We are just beginning to learn a few methods of stimulating the immune process. Use of BOG is one of the best examples of this stimulating process; other bacterial agents, or fractions, are known to have this action. No doubt there are innumerable others unknown, some of which might explain spontaneous regressions. It would appear that hormonal changes might be responsible for many of the regressions but this author doubts it explains many. More is known at the present time about cellular immunity than humoral immunity, but greater possibilities surely lie in humoral immunity. The blocking and unblocking activities developed by the Hellströms and associates are no doubt important. Immunoglobulins exert a very important role in the immune process; antibodies may consist of immunoglobulins but much more needs to be known before this relationship can be understood.

The recent report (Amery, 1975) that levamisole (given at the time of resection of the lung for carcinoma) improves patient survival is exciting. Amery believes the drug may prevent the hematogenous spread of the tumor during surgery and/or may decrease the immunosuppression caused by a major operation.
Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced breast cancer
Authors: Rosner Dutzu , Nemoto Takuma , Dao Thomas L.
Published: February 2007

Seventy‐two women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with multiple‐agent chemotherapy. Fifty women were treated with 5 drugs in combination: 5‐FU, methotrexate, vincristine, cytoxan, and prednisone; 22 were treated with the combination of 3 drugs: 5‐FU, cytoxan, and prednisone. In 14 patients receiving 5 drugs and in 22 receiving 3 drugs, the multiple chemotherapy was the primary palliative treatment of extensive visceral metastases unsuitable for adrenalectomy. Results were similar with 6 responders in 14 (0.43) receiving 5 drugs, and 10 responders in 22 (0.45) receiving 3 drugs. The remaining 36 patients who were given 5‐drug therapy all had previous adrenalectomy, and there were 16 responders (0.44).

Toxicities from 3‐drug treatment were substantially less severe than those from the 5‐drug combination therapy. Whereas treatment‐related death occurred in 6 of 50 patients receiving the 5‐drug combination, no such incidence occurred in those receiving 3‐drug combination therapy.
Kidney total fatty acids in renal cell carcinoma and infection
Authors: Gershbein Leon L. , Baburao K. , Costich Kenneth J. , Pedroso Aldo F.
Published: February 2007

Lipids extracted from the kidneys of adults with renal cell carcinoma or infection after careful dissection of lesions and from organs showing minimal alterations were saponified and the fatty acids converted to the methyl esters. Gas chromatographic criteria were applied to the esters as such and to hydrogenated aliquots, and the relative percentages of the component acids were ascertained. The various lipid classes were well represented in the total fatty acid mixtures. The unsaturated acids ranged higher than the saturated homologs. Comparisons of the fatty acids were carried out on the basis of age, sex, kidney position, mode of acquisition (surgery and autopsy), and pathology. Several small but statistically significant differences were discerned according to the categories but with few exceptions, these involved acids occurring at low levels and with wide variance.
Hemangiosarcoma of the spleen: Report of a case and review of previously reported cases
Authors: Aranha Gerard V. , Gold J. , Grage Theodor B.
Published: February 2007

Splenic hamangiosarcomas are rare tumors, usually discovered at autopsy. In a few instances the diagnosis was made premortem, at the time of splenectomy for spontaneous rupture. The tumors usually present with abdominal pain, left upper quadrant mass and tenderness, and occasionally with a microangiopathic type of anemia. The histogenesis of the tumor is in dispute. Some authors feel that they are degenerations of hemangiomas. Others feel that they arise de novo in the spleen. There is no proven association of thorotrast administration or vinyl chloride exposure to the development of hemangiosarcomas in the spleen. The prognosis of the tumor is uniformly poor and most of the patients surviving laparotomy have followed a uniformly fatal clinical course. In a few cases treated with chemotherapy there has been no evidence of clinical benefit. The case report in this article presented with essentially all the features enumerated above.
Plasma CEA, tumor CEA, and tumor histology
Authors: Boyd Carl R. , Bivens Brack A. , Kashmiri Rafiah , Parker Joseph C. , Meeker William R.
Published: February 2007

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been thought to be a diagnostic and prognostic indicator of colorectal cancer. Initial descriptions of CEA as a tumor specific antigen suggests a relationship between tumor CEA and circulating plasma CEA. To define the relationship between CEA and colorectal carcinoma, we have studied the CEA concentration of preoperative plasma, tumor tissue, and normal bowel distant from tumor in 35 patients who had clinically curative resections. Tumor histology was evaluated for Dukes class, histologic grade, necrosis, and vessel invasion.

Regression analysis yielded no evidence of correlation between tumor CEA and plasma CEA. No correlation could be shown between tumor concentration of CEA and the histological parameters previously noted. CEA was found in all specimens of normal bowel. Furthermore, in 34% of the cases studied, the tumor CEA was not significantly higher than in normal bowel. No significant difference was shown when histopathological findings were compared to normal and abnormal plasma CEA values.

These findings suggest the following conclusions: CEA is not tumor specific. Increased levels of CEA in tumor tissue are not a constant finding in colorectal carcinoma. Tumor levels of CEA do not appear to correlate with histologic degree of tumor differentiation. Elevated plasma levels of CEA do not necessarily connote elevated tumor tissue levels of CEA, and conversely, normal plasma levels of CEA do not necessarily mean low levels of tumor CEA.
Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy: A laboratory approach and commentary
Authors: Henry Harvey M. , Hardy Jules , Moody Robert
Published: February 2007

A laboratory technique for learning and practicing the transsphenoidal approach to hypophysectomy is described. The procedure utilizes a sphenoid block with the sella turcica at its center taken from a cadaver skull. The laboratory approach simulates the operative technique, including the use of standard instruments designed for transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. Commentary on the historical background and applications of the transsphenoidal approach to the sella turcica is presented.
Autoantibodies to an altered IgG in human breast cancer
Authors: Humphrey L. J. , Volenec P. J. , Volenec F. J. , Cross D.
Published: February 2007

Recent studies have shown that antibody in the serum of patients with carcinoma of the breast reacts with two distinct antigens obtained from breast cancer tissue. Hence, there are two antibodies. The first antibody reacts against the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin and is also found in the sera of patients with benign breast disease and certain inflammatory lesions and, therefore, does not seem to have any significant meaning for the patient with carcinoma of the breast. The second antibody is directed against the Fab fragment of human immunoglobulin that is found in breast cancer tissue. Recent experiments have shown that in immunodiffusion tests, this autoantibody reacts not with normal IgG(Fab), but rather with heat‐aggregated IgG(Fab). It is thought that tumor‐associated antibodies react with antigens on the tumor cell surface. Intracellular enzymes then proceed to fragment the attached antibody, leaving the Fab fragments attached on the cell surface. With intact immunosurveillance, the host appreciates this altered immunoglobulin (Fab). It is suggested that the autoantibody then formed against this fragment reacts with the fragment attached to the tumor cell, thereby allowing the tumor cell to be destroyed. Clinical data supporting this hypothesis are derived from the fact that 9 patients having this autoantibody to the Fab fragment are alive at 1 year after their carcinoma of the breast.
The national pancreatic cancer project: An update
Authors: Cohn Isidore
Published: February 2007

Cancer of the pancreas is now the fourth most common cause of cancer‐related death in the United States. The diagnosis of this disease is difficult and the therapeutic results are discouraging. Recognizing these factors, the National Cancer Institute has funded the National Pancreatic Cancer Project as of 1 January 1975, in an attempt to stimulate new and more active research in this field at both the basic and the clinical levels. Some of the work that has already been funded by the project is outlined as a means of familiarizing a larger number of people with the activities of this particular National Organ Site Program.
Prognostic significance of the regional lymph nodes in osteosarcoma
Authors: Rao R. S. , Rao D. Nagaraj
Published: February 2007

This study was undertaken to find out if there are any factors of prognostic significance that can help the surgeon in the management of osteogenic sarcoma. One hundred and thirty‐nine cases of osteogenic sarcoma were treated during a 30‐year period and their survival figures have been analysed with respect to age, sex, extent of disease, previous treatment, and value of lymphadenectomy. We found that patients in whom the lymph nodes were preserved had a better survival as compared to patients in whom the lymph nodes were removed en bloc with the primary tumour.

This further supports our contention that the regional lymph nodes have an important role to play in the immune response against osteosarcoma. The experimental work of the cytotoxic action of regional lymph node cells against osteosarcoma cell lines has been studied in our laboratory. The results of this study stimulated us to undertake this retrospective analysis.
Urea in the management of advanced malignancies (Preliminary report)
Authors: Gandhi G. M. , Anasuya S. R. , Kawathekar Pushpa , Bhaskarmall  , Krishnamurthy K. R.
Published: February 2007

Twenty cases of advanced (Stage III) cancer of the cervix were treated with intratumour injection of 40% urea solution and local application of 50% urea ointment. Sixty percent of these patients had beneficial effect and in 25% of the patients there was minimal response. Patients with multiple secondaries in liver had very good symptomatic relief with oral urea. Urea therapy is a simple, cheap, and safe method of treating advanced stages of cancer, where very little can be done by the accepted lines of treatment such as surgery or radiotherapy. This line of treatment can be practiced even in a consulting room or primary health center.
The survival of inoperable breast cancer treated with radiotherapy and radiotherapy followed by mastectomy
Authors: Yarom J. , Assa J. , Robinson E.
Published: February 2007

Forty‐five patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma were treated by radiotherapy. Twelve of them became operable and were operated. After 3 and 4 years in comparable clinical stage the rate of metastases in the nonoperated group was 78.6% and in the operated 75%. The survival after 3 and 4 years in comparable clinical stages was similar. In more advanced stages the survival was worse. Considering the trauma of mastectomy and the similar survival obtained in our material, an international trial should be performed to decide whether inoperable breast cancer becoming operable after radiotherapy should be operated.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in osteosarcoma
Authors: Cortes Engracio P. , Chu T. Ming , Wang Jaw J. , Holyoke Douglas , Wallace H. James , Murphy G. P.
Published: February 2007

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay was done in 30 patients with osteosarcoma. CEA was found positive (> 2.5 ng/ml) in 17 of 21 patients who had active evidence of disease and negative (< 2.5 ng/ml) in all 9 patients who were in complete remission resulting from previous amputation or chemotherapy. Serial CEA determinations demonstrated a fall to normal in 7 of 9 patients following successful surgery or chemotherapy and a rise and fall (fluctuation) of levels in 8 patients who had tumor progression while on chemotherapy. Clinical recurrence of disease in two instances preceded or coincided with CEA elevation. The CEA assay in osteosarcoma although nonspecific could be used as an inportant adjunct to experienced clinical judgment, periodic x‐ray examination, and laboratory study to prognosticate the course of osteosarcoma during therapy. The interpretation of a rising or falling CEA titer alone, however, must be made with caution.
Influence of initial neck node biopsy on the incidence of recurrence in the neck and survival in patients who subsequently undergo curative resectional surgery
Authors: Razack Mohamed S. , Sako Kumao , Marchetta Frank C.
Published: February 2007

During a period of 23 years, 57 patients who had an initial neck node biopsy elsewhere, with the diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma established, underwent curative resection by our department after the site of head and neck primary was found. Ten patients free of disease died of other causes, leaving 47 patients who were eligible for at least 3 years of follow‐up. Nineteen patients are aliye after 3 or more years. The incidence of recurrence in the neck was 57% (27/47). The 3‐year survival in this group of Stage III was 40% (19/47) and 5‐year survival was 34% (16/47). Compared with historical data, it appears from the present study that a previous biopsy of a neck node did not adversely affect the incidence either of neck recurrence or survival when appropriate surgery is performed.
Effect of anesthesia and surgery on immunity
Authors: Lee Yeu‐tsu N.
Published: February 2007

The observed phenomenon that multiple distant metastases may appear and grow rapidly after operation on the primary cancer is very distressing. Many experimental results suggest that surgical procedures may precipitate dissemination and growth of tumor in some instances, but the overwhelming evidences document that surgical reduction of tumor bulk can achieve cure for the host and restore the immunity lost in the face of growing tumors. Various anesthetics were shown to interfere with many phases of the immune response. But recent studies suggest that the inhibitory effect of anesthesia alone is minimal. Depression of lymphocyte transformation, detectable as early as 2 hours after induction, was related primarily to the extent of tissue trauma, the amount of blood loss, duration of operation, and whether thoracic or abdominal cavity was entered. Postoperative changes of lymphocyte counts and transformation responses usually returned to normal values within a week, whereas depression of specific cellular immunity to tumor‐associated antigen in vitro, and delayed cutaneous hyper‐sensitivity reactions in vivo, persisted for about a week and gradually returned to normal by 3 weeks. Presently the clinical significance of such transitory depression of host immunity is not known. It is hoped that this review may stimulate interest in further experimental and clinical research.
The treatment of lung cancer: Perspectives and critique
Authors: Handelsman Harry
Published: February 2007

Future improvements in the therapy of lung cancer most probably will result from new treatment approaches that combine all existing modalities. This paper discusses the applications and, in particular, the shortcomings of present knowledge in surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combinations of these modalities as they relate to the growing problem of treatment in lung cancer.
Adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracil and methotrexate: Effect of schedule of administration on metastasis of 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Yeu‐tsu N. , Khwaja Tasneem A.
Published: February 2007

Metastasizing mammary adenocarcinoma 13762 in female Fischer rats has been used as a model for studying postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, using methotrexate (Mtx) and 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) either singly or in combinations. All animals that received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of 5FU alone, 5FU and Mtx simultaneously, or Mtx followed by 5FU had significant improvement of survivals. Methotrexate alone was ineffective in treating the visceral metastasis. The addition of Mtx at the time of 5FU administration actually decreased the therapeutic effectiveness of 5FU given by itself. Fluorouracil alone improved survival of rats with small or large tumors, whereas Mtx followed by 5FU was better than 5FU alone in rats with smaller tumors. Among all rats treated with chemotherapy, those rats that got Mtx followed by 5FU had the lowest amount of lung metastasis, and concomitant administration of nonspecific BCG immunotherapy delayed death from visceral metastasis only for rats receiving drugs according to this schedule.
Hibernoma: Report of two cases
Authors: Lung Richard J. , Lapidus Stephen , Miller Stephen H. , Graham William P.
Published: February 2007

Hibernomas are rare tumors of fat which are most often benign. Arteriographic findings may be misleading with respect to the diagnosis of malignancy preoperatively. These uncommon tumors may be confused prior to surgery with lipomas, soft tissue sarcomas, and hemangiomas.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: A report of two cases
Authors: Kampsen Edward B. , Jager Nirmala , Max Martin H.
Published: February 2007

Two patients with squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for 1.1% of all primary thyroid carcinomas, are described. Squamous metaplasia is the most likely etiology, but an occasional carcinoma may be derived from remnants of embryonic origin. Although squamous metaplasia has been documented in several conditions involving the thyroid, no evidence exists that this predisposes to squamous cell carcinoma. Metastases and direct extension of squamous cell carcinoma in the thyroid gland are much more frequent than primary involvement and are always part of a generalized carcinomatosis. A primary lesion must always be sought; however, diagnosis may not be possible until an initially occult tumor becomes evident or even until autopsy. Because this lesion typically runs a fulminant course, radical surgical resection at the earliest opportunity offers the best hope for cure. The lesions are usually radioresistant, and chemotherapy has not been shown to alter the course of this disease.
Risks of BCG intralesional therapy: An experience with melanoma
Authors: Robinson John C.
Published: February 2007

A nearly fatal allergic reaction to intratumor BCG injections was associated with a complete remission of recurrent malignant melanoma. Clinical course and histologic sections suggested both anaphylactic and Arthus reactions. The occurrence of reactions at BCG injection sites as well as at uninjected sites of tumor suggests common BCG and melanoma antigens. The management of events involved in this often fatal postimmunotherapy complication involves the early administration of parenteral fluids, antituberculous therapy, antihistamines, and possibly steroids. The prophylactic use of antihistamines and an in‐hospital administration of intralesional BCG immunotherapy are strongly suggested. In the future, prophylactic INH may prove to be both therapeutically efficacious and protective against infectious complications.
Cancer of the colon: 32 years of experience in Bombay, India
Authors: Jussawalla D. J. , Gangadharan P.
Published: February 2007

Incidence rate of colon cancer is low in India compared to the Western countries. The dietary habits may be the protective factor in our population. During a 32 year period (1941–1972), 555 cases of colonic cancer were recorded at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay. Among the social groups utilizing this hospital, the Parsis (Zoroastrians) have the highest incidence of colonic cancer. The frequency of cancer of the caecum and sigmoid are almost equal. Cancer of splenic and hepatic flexures are predominantly seen in men. Of the resected cases 50% survived for 5 years and 40% for 10 years. When cancer was localised, the 5 year survival rate was 64%. The 5 year survival rate among transverse colon cancer patients was 70%. The skin was the commonest site of a second cancer among colon cancer patients; the possible etiological association of these two cancers appears very intriguing.
Prognostic significance of blood vessel invasion in carcinoma of the breast in women
Authors: Sampat M. B. , Sirsat M. V. , Gangadharan P.
Published: February 2007

Prognostic significance of blood vessel invasion in carcinoma of the female breast has been evaluated by study of 242 cases of radical mastectomy done at the Tata Memorial Hospital. The significance of axillary node involvement with the disease has been simultaneously evaluated. In the absence of blood vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis the 5 year survival rate was 98%. Compared with this, 5 year survival rate was reduced to 59% when the blood vessel invasion was present but no lymph node metastasis. Only 12% survived for 5 years when both blood vessels and lymph nodes were involved with the disease. The study indicated that blood vessel invasion in the primary breast carcinoma is more significant than lymph node metastasis.
Response of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic cells to a yeast extract
Authors: Fardon John C. , Poydock M. E. , Tsuchiya Yoshiki
Published: February 2007

PCO, an aqueous‐alcoholic extract of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was found to inhibit mitoses of 4 different ascites tumors removed from mice. Carried as established in vitro lines 6 tumors and 4 established lines of non‐neoplastic cells could not be inhibited by PCO. Primary cultures (diploid) of mouse embryo tissue cells and granulocytic blast cells from adult mice also could not be mitotically inhibited by PCO.
Intraoral basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Samit Alan M.
Published: February 2007

The evaluation and treatment of an intraoral lesion over a period of 8 years is presented. Clinical appearance and course, microscopic findings, and response to treatment were consistent with a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma of the mucous membrane. Current theories of histogenesis and the biological behavior of basal cell lesions are discussed.
Experiences with intra‐arterial chemotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Jussawalla D. J. , Shetty P. A.
Published: February 2007

During the 10‐year period from 1966–1975, 250 patients with various head and neck cancers were treated by intra‐arterial chemotherapy using single agents or various combinations. Only 15 patients showed response of I‐C category according to Karnofsky's criteria, and 100 patients had I‐B response. Another 100 patients showed I‐A category of response and 35 patients had progressive disease out of which 5 patients exhibited excessive toxicity to drugs, eventually succumbing to it. A majority of patients in nonresponding (O‐O) category and I‐A category were earlier treated by radiotherapy, and intra‐arterial chemotherapy was given for recurrent disease. The responses were relatively good whenever chemotherapy was given as a primary treatment before surgery and radiotherapy. Again response was additive when chemotherapy was given concurrently with radiotherapy.
Chemotherapy in recurrent noncystic low‐grade astrocytomas of the cerebrum in children
Authors: Sumer Timur , Freeman Arnold I. , Cohen Michael , Bremer Alfonso M. , Thomas P. R. M. , Sinks Lucius F.
Published: February 2007

Six children with grade II astrocytomas were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of 1,3 bis(2‐chloroethyl) 1‐nitrosourea (BCNU), Vincristine (VCR), intrathecal Methotrexate (i.t. MTX), and Dexamethasone. Of the children, 3 showed a partial remission, and 1 other showed clinical improvement. Our data suggest that chemotherapy is effective in low‐grade astrocytomas, and there is now a need for larger trials in low‐grade astrocytomas to document the role of chemotherapy accurately in these tumors. It is suggested that trials of chemotherapy as adjuvant to surgery and radiotherapy should be initiated.
Colorectal carcinoma in young black patients: A report of eight cases
Authors: Pillay S. P. , Angorn I. B. , Baker L. W.
Published: February 2007

Colorectal carcinoma in the black population of South Africa is very uncommon when compared with incidence among whites. Even in whites the proportion of patients with colorectal carcinoma under 25 years of age is less than 1% (Hardin, 1972). Eight cases of colorectal carcinoma in black patients under 25 years of age are presented. None had any evidence of premalignant lesions of the colon. The prognosis of colorectal carcinoma in young adults is poor in most series and this group of patients was no exception. Reasons for this poor prognosis are mentioned. A more aggressive approach to the early detection and treatment of the lesion in young patients is essential.
Immunocytological localization of estrogen in human mammary carcinoma cells by horseradish—anti‐horseradish peroxidase complex
Authors: Ghosh Luna , Ghosh Bimal C. , Das Gupta Tapas K.
Published: February 2007

Tissues from 25 female and 2 male patients of mammary carcinoma were examined by the horseradish—anti‐horseradish peroxidase complex to localize the presence of estrogen. Carcinoma cells of 10 female and 2 male patients showed positive staining by this technique. The nucleus and the cytoplasmic membrane showed the reaction. This method is useful in identifying the exact location of the hormones or hormone‐like substances in the malignant cells and, perhaps, will be of great help in selecting the patients for management.
Effect of phenylhydrazine pretreatment on splenectomized rauscher leukemia virus‐infected mice
Authors: Bergson Alan , Lobue Joseph , Gordon Albert S. , Fredrickson Torgny N.
Published: February 2007

The protective effect of phenylhydrazine pretreatment seen in Rauscher leukemia virus‐infected intact mice is not observed when splenectomized mice are used. Such mice succumb to infection even earlier than viral potency controls. Since phenylhydrazine is known to increase both splenic erythropoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell numbers, the results suggest that these two events may be involved in phenylhydrazine prophylaxis.