bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Retrievals of Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence at Red Wavelengths With TROPOMI
Authors: Köhler Philipp , Behrenfeld Michael J. , Landgraf Jochen , Joiner Joanna , Magney Troy S. , Frankenberg Christian
Published: July 2020

Observations of solar‐induced chlorophyll a fluorescence (SIF) from spaceborne spectrometers can advance our understanding of terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycles. Here we present the first global retrievals of SIF at red wavelengths from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Despite the weak signal level, considerable uncertainties, and subtle measurement artifacts, spatial patterns and magnitudes agree with independent data sets. Over land, spatial patterns of our red SIF estimates covary with the far‐red SIF data. Red SIF over the ocean is highly consistent with the normalized fluorescence line height (nFLH) inferred from measurements of the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), even when comparing single days and fine spatial scales. Major advantages of our Fraunhofer line‐based SIF retrievals include the capability to sense SIF through optically thin cloud/aerosol layers and an insensitivity to ocean color. This opens up new avenues for studying ocean biogeochemistry from space.
Estimating Mean Bedload Transport Rates and Their Uncertainty
Authors: Ancey Christophe , Pascal Ivan
Published: July 2020

Measuring bedload transport rates usually involves measuring the flux of sediment or collecting sediment during a certain interval of time Δt. Because bedload transport rates exhibit significant non‐Gaussian fluctuations, their time‐averaged rates depend a great deal on Δt. We begin by exploring this issue theoretically within the framework of Markov processes. We define the bedload transport rate either as the particle flux through a control surface or as a quantity related to the number of moving particles and their velocities in a control volume. These quantities are double averaged; that is, we calculate their ensemble and time averages. Both definitions lead to the same expression for the double‐averaged mean rate and to the same scaling for the variance's dependence on the length of the sampling duration Δt. These findings lead us to propose a protocol for measuring double‐averaged transport rates. We apply this protocol to an experiment we ran in a narrow flume using steady‐state conditions (constant water discharge and sediment feed rates), in which the time variations in the particle flux, the number of moving particles, and their velocities were measured using high‐speed cameras. The data agree well with the previously defined theoretical relationships. Lastly, we apply our experimental protocol to other flow conditions (a long laboratory flume and a gravel‐bed river) to show its potential across various contexts.
Correction: Damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE) enhances axonal regeneration potential of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury
Authors: Kaneko Aoi , Kiryu-Seo Sumiko , Matsumoto Sakiko , Kiyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: COVID-19 Disease Map, building a computational repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms
Authors: Ostaszewski Marek , Mazein Alexander , Gillespie Marc E. , Kuperstein Inna , Niarakis Anna , Hermjakob Henning , Pico Alexander R. , Willighagen Egon L. , Evelo Chris T. , Hasenauer Jan , Schreiber Falk , Dräger Andreas , Demir Emek , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Furlong Laura I. , Barillot Emmanuel , Dopazo Joaquin , Orta-Resendiz Aurelio , Messina Francesco , Valencia Alfonso , Funahashi Akira , Kitano Hiroaki , Auffray Charles , Balling Rudi , Schneider Reinhard
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Different precipitation response over land and ocean to orbital and greenhouse gas forcing
Authors: Jalihal Chetankumar , Srinivasan Jayaraman , Chakraborty Arindam
Published: July 2020

Various proxies suggest a nearly in-phase variation of monsoons with local summer insolation. Oceanic proxies of monsoons document a more complex response. Climate model simulations also indicate that the response is different over land and ocean. Here using a transient simulation by a climate model over the last 22,000 years we have unraveled the factors that lead to these differences within the Indian subcontinent. We show that during the deglacial (22–12 ka) precipitation over India and the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are in phase, whereas they are out of phase across the Holocene ($$\sim$$∼ 12 ka to 0 ka). During the deglacial, water vapor amplifies the effect of solar forcing on precipitation over both the regions, whereas contributions from surface latent heat fluxes over the BoB drive an opposite response across the Holocene. We find that greenhouse gas forcing drives similar precipitation response over land and ocean, whereas orbital forcing produces a different response over land and ocean. We have further demonstrated that during periods of abrupt climate change [such as the Bølling–Allerød ($$\sim$$∼ 14 ka)], water vapor affects precipitation mainly through its influence on the vertical stability of the atmosphere. These results highlight the complex nature of precipitation over the BoB and thus has implications for the interpretation of monsoon proxies.
Expected value and sensitivity to punishment modulate insular cortex activity during risky decision making
Authors: Von Siebenthal Zorina , Boucher Olivier , Lazzouni Latifa , Taylor Véronique , Martinu Kristina , Roy Mathieu , Rainville Pierre , Lepore Franco , Nguyen Dang Khoa
Published: July 2020

The exact contribution of the insula to risky decision making remains unclear, as are the specific outcome parameters and inter-individual characteristics that modulate insular activity prior to a risky choice. This fMRI study examines the contributions of outcome valence, magnitude, probability, and expected value (EV) to insular activity during risky decision making, and explores the influence of sensitivity to reward and to punishment, and anxiety, to insular activity. Participants (N = 31) performed a gambling task requiring choice between two roulettes with different outcome magnitude, probability and EV, under gain and loss conditions separately, and filled questionnaires assessing sensitivity to punishment/reward, and state/trait anxiety. Parametric analyses were conducted to examine the modulation of brain activity during decision making in relation to each task parameter. Correlations were examined between insular activity and psychometric questionnaires. EV of the selected roulette was associated with right posterior insula activation during decision making. Higher sensitivity to punishment was associated with lower bilateral insular activation. These findings suggest that the right posterior insula is involved in tracking the EV of a risky option during decision making. The involvement of the insula when making risky decisions also appears to be influenced by inter-individual differences in sensitivity to punishment.
Human IDH mutant 1p/19q co-deleted gliomas have low tumor acidity as evidenced by molecular MRI and PET: a retrospective study
Authors: Yao Jingwen , Hagiwara Akifumi , Raymond Catalina , Shabani Soroush , Pope Whitney B. , Salamon Noriko , Lai Albert , Ji Matthew , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Liau Linda M. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Ellingson Benjamin M.
Published: July 2020

Co-deletion of 1p/19q is a hallmark of oligodendroglioma and predicts better survival. However, little is understood about its metabolic characteristics. In this study, we aimed to explore the extracellular acidity of WHO grade II and III gliomas associated with 1p/19q co-deletion. We included 76 glioma patients who received amine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging at 3 T. Magnetic transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) at 3.0 ppm was used as the pH-sensitive CEST biomarker, with higher MTRasym indicating lower pH. To control for the confounder factors, T2 relaxometry and l-6-18F-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalnine (18F-FDOPA) PET data were collected in a subset of patients. We found a significantly lower MTRasym in 1p/19q co-deleted gliomas (co-deleted, 1.17% ± 0.32%; non-co-deleted, 1.72% ± 0.41%, P = 1.13 × 10−7), while FDOPA (P = 0.92) and T2 (P = 0.61) were not significantly affected. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed that MTRasym could discriminate co-deletion status with an area under the curve of 0.85. In analysis of covariance, 1p/19q co-deletion status was the only significant contributor to the variability in MTRasym when controlling for age and FDOPA (P = 2.91 × 10−3) or T2 (P = 8.03 × 10−6). In conclusion, 1p/19q co-deleted gliomas were less acidic, which may be related to better prognosis. Amine CEST-MRI may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for identifying 1p/19q co-deletion status.
Bioconversion of chitin and concomitant production of chitinase and N-acetylglucosamine by novel Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolated from shrimp waste disposal area
Authors: Subramanian Kumaran , Sadaiappan Balamurugan , Aruni Wilson , Kumarappan Alagappan , Thirunavukarasu Rajasekar , Srinivasan Guru Prasad , Bharathi Selvaraj , Nainangu Prasannabalaji , Renuga Pugazhvendan Sampath , Elamaran Anandajothi , Balaraman Deivasigamani , Subramanian Mahendran
Published: July 2020

Marine pollution is a significant issue in recent decades, with the increase in industries and their waste harming the environment and ecosystems. Notably, the rise in shellfish industries contributes to tons of shellfish waste composed of up to 58% chitin. Chitin, the second most ample polymer next to cellulose, is insoluble and resistant to degradation. It requires chemical-based treatment or enzymatic hydrolysis to cleave the chitin polymers. The chemical-based treatment can lead to environmental pollution, so to solve this problem, enzymatic hydrolysis is the best option. Moreover, the resulting biopolymer by-products can be used to boost the fish immune system and also as drug delivery agents. Many marine microbial strains have chitinase producing ability. Nevertheless, we still lack an economical and highly stable chitinase enzyme for use in the industrial sector. So we isolate a novel marine bacterial strain Achromobacter xylosoxidans from the shrimp waste disposal site using chitin minimal medium. Placket–Burman and central composite design statistical models for culture condition optimisation predicted a 464.2 U/ml of chitinase production. The culture conditions were optimised for maximum chitinase production recording up to 467 U/ml. This chitinase from the A. xylosoxidans was 100% active at an optimum temperature of 45 °C (withstand up to 55 °C) and pH 8 with 80% stability. The HPLC analysis of chitinase degraded shellfish waste reveals a major amino acid profile composition—arginine, lysine, aspartic acid, alanine, threonine and low levels of isoleucine and methionine. These chitinase degraded products and by-products can be used as supplements in the aquaculture industry.
Classification of α-synuclein-induced changes in the AAV α-synuclein rat model of Parkinson’s disease using electrophysiological measurements of visual processing
Authors: Østergaard Freja Gam , Himmelberg Marc M. , Laursen Bettina , Siebner Hartwig R. , Wade Alex R. , Christensen Kenneth Vielsted
Published: July 2020

Biomarkers suitable for early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression are the cornerstone of developing disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Besides motor complications, PD is also characterized by deficits in visual processing. Here, we investigate how virally-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein in thesubstantia nigra pars compactaimpacts visual processing in a well-established rodent model of PD. After a unilateral injection of vector, human α-synuclein was detected in the striatum and superior colliculus (SC). In parallel, there was a significant delay in the latency of the transient VEPs from the affected side of the SC in late stages of the disease. Inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase using PFE360 failed to rescue the VEP delay and insteadincreasedthe latency of the VEP waveform. A support vector machine classifier accurately classified rats according to their `disease state’ using frequency-domain data from steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP). Overall, these findings indicate that the latency of the rodent VEP is sensitive to changes mediated by the increased expression of α-synuclein and especially when full overexpression is obtained, whereas the SSVEP facilitated detection of α-synuclein across reflects all stages of PD model progression.
Dopamine induces in vitro migration of synovial fibroblast from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van Nie Lina , Salinas-Tejedor Laura , Dychus Nicole , Fasbender Frank , Hülser Marie-Lisa , Cutolo Maurizio , Rehart Stefan , Neumann Elena , Müller-Ladner Ulf , Capellino Silvia
Published: July 2020

Preventing synovial fibroblast (SF) migration into the adjacent cartilage is a desirable therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As previous studies demonstrated that RASF and SF from osteoarthritis (OA) patients express dopamine receptors (DR), aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of dopamine on mobility of fibroblasts from patients with chronic arthritides. Synovial tissue and fibroblasts were obtained from RA and OA patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed for all DR-subtypes in the invasion zone. Migration- and motility-assays were performed under DR-stimulation. Cytokines were evaluated using ELISA. Expression of DRs was evaluated by flow cytometry, and DR activation was measured by xCELLigence real-time analysis.
All DRs were expressed in RA invasion zone. Migration and motility of RASF and OASF were increased after DR stimulation in patients ≤ 75 years old. Synovial fibroblasts from older RA patients (> 75 years old) expressed lower levels of D1-, D2- and D4-DR than patients ≤ 75 years old. DR activation was not altered in older patients. Our results suggest a possible involvement of dopamine on migration of fibroblasts from arthritis patients. Therefore, the synovial dopaminergic pathway might represent a potential therapeutic target to interfere with progressive joint damage in RA patients.
Decreasing undesirable absorbed radiation to the intestine after administration of radium-223 dichloride for treatment of bone metastases
Authors: Ogawa Kazuma , Higashi Takuma , Mishiro Kenji , Wakabayashi Hiroshi , Shiba Kazuhiro , Odani Akira , Kinuya Seigo
Published: July 2020

[223Ra]RaCl2 is the first alpha-particle emitting radiopharmaceutical to be used for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with bone metastases because of its excellent therapeutic effects. [223Ra]RaCl2 is excreted via the intestine into feces, and some is absorbed from the intestine into the blood, which may be undesirable in terms of the exposure to radiation. Recently, we showed that a complex of myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate (InsP6) with zinc is a useful decorporation agent against radiostrontium. In this study, we hypothesized that Zn-InsP6 could bind to not only strontium but also to radium, and could inhibit the absorption of radium from the intestine. In in vitro binding experiments, Zn-InsP6 showed a high binding affinity for radium. In in vivo biodistribution experiments by intravenous injection of [223Ra]RaCl2 after treatment of Zn-InsP6, mice treated with Zn-InsP6 showed significantly lower bone accumulation of radioactivity (34.82 ± 1.83%Dose/g) than the mice in the non-treatment control group (40.30 ± 2.78%Dose/g) at 48 h postinjection. These results indicate that Zn-InsP6 bound radium in the intestine and inhibited the absorption of radium into the blood. Therefore, the insoluble Zn-InsP6 complex has high potential to decrease the side effects of [223Ra]RaCl2.
Vision-based reconstruction of laser projection with invariant composed of points and circle on 2D reference
Authors: Xu Guan , Chen Fang , Chen Rong , Li Xiaotao
Published: July 2020

A vision-based reconstruction method is conducted by the point-circle invariant and the planar laser. The planar laser is coplanar to the two-dimensional (2D) reference. The combination of a circle on the 2D reference, a point on the 2D reference and a random point on the laser stripe is considered as the invariant, which is impervious to the projection from the laser plane to the image. Therefore, the reconstruction model is achieved by the invariant, which is generated from the projections of the above geometric features. The experiments are performed to verify the performance and reconstruction error of the method. The minimum error is 0.473 mm for the camera-reference distance of 600 mm, the scaleplate-projector distance of 100 mm and the reference length of 30 mm. Besides, the maximum error is 4.960 mm, for the camera-reference distance of 900 mm, the scaleplate-projector distance of 400 mm and the reference length of 120 mm. The reconstruction error means of 0.891 mm, 1.365 mm, 2.578 mm and 3.767 mm are observed with respect to the test conditions of 600–900 mm, which proves the applicability of the reconstruction method with the point-circle invariant.
P-dipping of rice seedlings increases applied P use efficiency in high P-fixing soils
Authors: Oo Aung Zaw , Tsujimoto Yasuhiro , Rakotoarisoa Njato Mickaël , Kawamura Kensuke , Nishigaki Tomohiro
Published: July 2020

Applied phosphorus (P) use efficiency is generally low due to the low mobility of P in soil and its affinity to form insoluble complexes. Localized P application nearby the root zone is a potential approach to overcome this issue in crop production. However, the interaction with soil conditions is little understood, which results in less effective application of this approach. Using root-box experiments and changing P-retention capacity of soils, we revealed that applied P use efficiency of rice can be substantially improved by dipping seedlings in P-enriched slurry at transplanting (P-dipping) even in highly P-fixing soils. Spatial analysis of soluble P in soils indicated that P-dipping creates a P hotspot because the P-enriched slurry is transferred with seedling roots. The P hotspot could have induced vigorous surface root and facilitated further P uptake from the spot. In contrast, the effect of conventional P incorporation depended on P-retention capacity of soils; no increases in soluble P content in soils or plant P uptakes were observed when P-retention capacity was high. Our finding of significant interaction between localized P application and a specific soil property should help improving applied P use efficiency and achieving sustainable rice production against depleting P fertilizer resources.
Publisher Correction: Detector clothes for MRI: A wearable array receiver based on liquid metal in elastic tubes
Authors: Port Andreas , Luechinger Roger , Albisetti Loris , Varga Matija , Marjanovic Josip , Reber Jonas , Brunner David Otto , Pruessmann Klaas Paul
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Correction: An exploration of homo- and heterometallic UO22+ hybrid materials containing chelidamic acid: synthesis, structure, and luminescence studies
Authors: Cantos Paula M. , Pope Simon J. A. , Cahill Christopher L.
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘An exploration of homo- and heterometallic UO22+ hybrid materials containing chelidamic acid: synthesis, structure, and luminescence studies’ by Paula M. Cantos et al., CrystEngComm, 2013, 15, 9039–9051, DOI: 10.1039/C3CE41655K.
Correction: High pressure single-molecule FRET studies of the lysine riboswitch: cationic and osmolytic effects on pressure induced denaturation
Authors: Sung Hsuan-Lei , Nesbitt David J.
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘High pressure single-molecule FRET studies of the lysine riboswitch: cationic and osmolytic effects on pressure induced denaturation’ by Hsuan-Lei Sunget al.,Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01921f.
Correction: The effects of the position of the ether oxygen atom in pyrrolidinium-based room temperature ionic liquids on their physicochemical properties
Authors: Yoshii Kazuki , Uto Takuya , Tachikawa Naoki , Katayama Yasushi
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘The effects of the position of the ether oxygen atom in pyrrolidinium-based room temperature ionic liquids on their physicochemical properties’ by Kazuki Yoshii et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02662j.
Photoactivatable dihydroalkaloids for cancer cell imaging and chemotherapy with high spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Ling Xia , Huang Letao , Li Youzhen , Wan Qing , Wang Zhiming , Qin Anjun , Gao Meng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2020

A photoactivatable strategy is proposed for precise cancer therapy based on photooxidative dehydrogenation reaction, which is demonstrated with the natural dihydroalkaloids of DHCHE and DHSAN as an example.
High-Ni cathode material improved with Zr for stable cycling of Li-ion rechargeable batteries
Authors: Park Kwangjin , Ham Dong Jin , Park Seong Yong , Jang Jihyun , Yeon Dong-Hee , Moon San , Ahn Sung Jin
Published: July 2020

The Zr solvent solution method, which allows primary and secondary particles of LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM) to be uniformly doped with Zr and simultaneously to be coated with an Li2ZrO3 layer, is introduced in this paper.
Optical and electronic properties of lithium thiogallate (LiGaS2): experiment and theory
Authors: Vu Tuan V. , Lavrentyev A. A. , Gabrelian B. V. , Vo Dat D. , Khang Pham D. , Isaenko L. I. , Lobanov S. I. , Kurus’ A. F. , Khyzhun O. Y.
Published: July 2020

We report the relation between the optical properties and electronic structure of lithium thiogallate (LiGaS2) by performing XPS and XES measurements and theoretical calculations.
Proteomics and metabolomics analysis reveal potential mechanism of extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ma He , Lai Bingjie , Jin Yufen , Tian Chang , Liu Jiaying , Wang Ke
Published: July 2020

Proteomic and metabolomics revealed the underlying mechanism of extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in Escherichia coli.
Remdesivir-bound and ligand-free simulations reveal the probable mechanism of inhibiting the RNA dependent RNA polymerase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Koulgi Shruti , Jani Vinod , Uppuladinne Mallikarjunachari V. N. , Sonavane Uddhavesh , Joshi Rajendra
Published: July 2020

Conformational changes in the remdesivir-bound RdRP leading to its inhibition.
Thread integrated smart-phone imaging facilitates early turning point colorimetric assay for microbes
Authors: Prabhu Anusha , Nandagopal M. S. Giri , Peralam Yegneswaran Prakash , Prabhu Vijendra , Verma Ujjwal , Mani Naresh Kumar
Published: July 2020

A proof-of-concept unifying thread devices and smart-phone imaging for low-cost microbial detection based on simple colour change.
Potential repurposed SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection drugs
Authors: Abuo-Rahma Gamal El-Din A. , Mohamed Mamdouh F. A. , Ibrahim Tarek S. , Shoman Mai E. , Samir Ebtihal , Abd El-Baky Rehab M.
Published: July 2020

The global outbreak of COVID-19 viral infection is associated with the absence of specific drug(s) for fighting this viral infection.
Sensitive detection of clenbuterol by hybrid iridium/silicon nanowire-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Lv Rui , Wu Enhui , Wu Renfei , Shen Wen , Ma Chongqing , Shi Rui , Guo Ruochen , Shao Mingwang , Liu Jian
Published: July 2020

Here we report the development of hybrid Ir/SiNW as a new MALDI matrix for potential anti-doping drug monitoring in sports and food safety checks.
Water stable nanocoatings of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based block copolymers on culture insert membranes for temperature-controlled cell adhesion
Authors: Nakayama Masamichi , Toyoshima Yuki , Chinen Hiroshi , Kikuchi Akihiko , Yamato Masayuki , Okano Teruo
Published: July 2020

We report the facile and stable fabrication of thermoresponsive culture inserts by spin-coating poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based block copolymers for thermal cell adhesion/detachment control.
White emissive europium complex with CRI 95%: butterfly vs. triangle structure
Authors: Devi Rachna , Boddula Rajamouli , Tagare Jairam , Kajjam Araind Babu , Singh Kasturi , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar
Published: July 2020

The spectral window of dual visible light emissions of the molecular europium complex that leads to white light can be modulated by design strategy.
L1‐norm based discriminant manifold learning for multi‐label image classification
Authors: Cheng Jiafeng , Deng Siyang , Xia Wei , Liu Yang
Published: July 2020

Recently, L1‐norm based robust discriminant feature extraction technique has been attracted much attention in dimensionality reduction. However, most existing approaches solve the column vectors of the optimal projection matrix one by one with a greedy strategy. Moreover, they are not suitable for solving the multi‐label image classification. To solve these problems, the authors give a model named L1‐norm based discriminant manifold learning in this study. An iterative non‐greedy algorithm is proposed to solve the objective and the obtained optimal projection matrix necessarily best optimise the corresponding trace ratio objective function, which is the essential criterion function for general supervised dimensionality reduction. They also analyse the convergence of the authors’ proposed algorithm in detail. Extensive experiments on some databases illustrate the effectiveness of their proposed method.
Simulation on Powered Effects of BWB at Take-off Condition
Authors: Yu Gang , Li Dong , Zhang Zeyu
Published: July 2020

The influence of engine powered effects on aerodynamic characteristics of BWB300, which was designed by the Airplane Concept Design Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, at take-off condition was analyzed by using the numerical simulation method. Firstly, the method of using the inlet and exhaust boundary conditions to analyze the powered engine was validated. Then, the engine powered effects on BWB300 aerodynamic characteristics at take-off condition were researched with flow through nacelle and with powered nacelle. The results indicated that though the powered effect changing the value of aerodynamic forces, there was no change in the aerodynamic curve trend. It's recommended that the engine power effect should be considered in numerical simulation by using with powered nacelle to gain more accurate values of aerodynamic forces. Nevertheless, with flow nacelle also could be used to gain some regular results.
Determination of Wall Friction Velocity of the Turbulent Boundary Layer by Two-Parameter Nonlinear Curve Fitting
Authors: Lu Lianshan , Li Dong
Published: July 2020

Hot-wire anemometer is a fundamental tool for flow field measurement, and has been widely adopted in research of turbulent flow. A turbulent boundary layer was generated by a trip wire and a piece of sandpaper in the low-speed wind tunnel, and the time-averaged velocity profiles at three different streamwise stations in the boundary layer were measured with IFA-300 constant temperature anemometer. Targeting the dimensionless velocity profile model White Law of the turbulent boundary layer, a nonlinear curve fitting MATLAB program for two parameters, which were theoretical original point of wall coordinate y0 and wall friction velocity uτ, was developed. Based on the measured time-averaged velocity profiles, the program was adopted to determine y0 and uτ of the three streamwise stations. It is found that the initial search domain and search step size of y0 and uτ have no effect on the fitting results if the physical solutions are included in the domain. It is also found that the selected fitting velocities data are closely related to the results. The value of the friction velocity with high precision will be obtained by this nonlinear curve fitting method if the highest fitting velocity data point dose not fall into the wake region. The method given in this paper is simple in programming and reliable in fitting results, and it is of practical to obtain the wall friction velocity of the turbulent boundary layer.
Fuel Tank Vertical Sloshing during Aircraft Landing
Authors: Dai Zhen , Xu Fei , Yan Yabin , Yao Jiancheng , Chen Dongliang
Published: July 2020

In this article, the influence of the fuel sloshing on the tank under the landing condition is investigated to explain the skin deformation of wing tank. Based on the SPH method, a simplified fuel tank model of gas-liquid-solid three-phase is established. NanoFluidX, a fluid dynamics simulation tool, is used to calculate fuel sloshing through a given load and the pressure on the tank. The pressure on the lower wall of tank is then imported into the ABAQUS to calculate the stress distribution on the skin. A measured acceleration curve within 0.56s is used as the moving boundary condition of the fuel tank. It is found through simulation that the air has less influence on the pressure on the lower wall during the aircraft landing. By changing the liquid filling rate, the differences of the pressure on the lower wall are compared. Based on the above research, an empirical relationship among the wall pressure, the external load and the liquid filling rate is obtained.
Real-Time Obstacle Avoidance for Manned/Unmanned Aircraft Cooperative System Based on Improved Velocity Obstacle Method
Authors: Li Yue , Han Wei , Chen Qingyang , Zhang Yong
Published: July 2020

To adapt the autonomous level of agents in current, and to perform the advantages of multi-agent in air combat, the form of manned/unmanned aircraft cooperative system has gradually become a hot topic. To solve the issue of three-dimensional (3D) real-time obstacle avoidance, the 3D maneuvering obstacle model is established firstly based on the traditional velocity obstacle method. Then the flight mode is selected and the optimal obstacle avoidance plane is determined by setting the Right-of-way rules when the system encountering obstacles. Finally, the difference of obstacle avoidance plane, the feasibility of avoiding maneuvering obstacle and the effectiveness of obstacle avoidance of cooperative system are verified by several flight simulations. The results show that the proposed method can realize the avoidance of 3D maneuvering obstacle for manned/unmanned aircraft cooperative system safely and efficiently.
Locally Advanced Carcinoma of Maxillary Sinus with Orbital Involvement
Authors: Mittal Gaurav , Agarwal Mudit , Agarwal Anmol , Garg Ritesh , Rathi Abhishek , Dwivedi Pratiksha
Published: July 2020

Maxillary sinus carcinoma is a rare neoplasm, with incidence of 0.2 to 0.8% of all systemic malignancies. Patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage when there is orbital invasion with abnormal ocular signs and symptoms. The standard treatment of maxillary sinus carcinoma is en bloc radical maxillectomy along with orbital exenteration, followed by postoperative adjuvant therapy. Orbital exenteration is used when the malignancy extends to the orbit in case of squamous/basal cell carcinoma. The aim of the current review is to provide an insight into the management of advanced maxillary carcinoma with orbital involvement in a 42-year-old male.
Exploring the potential of the recombinant human collagens for biomedical and clinical applications: a short review
Authors: Chen Zhuoyue , Fan Daidi , Shang Lijun
Published: July 2020

Natural animal collagen and its recombinant collagen are favourable replacements in human tissue engineering due to their remarkable biomedical property. However, this exploitation is largely restricted due to the potential of immunogenicity and virus contamination. Exploring new ways to produce human collagen is fundamental to its biomedical and clinical application. All human fibrillar collagen molecules have three polypeptide chains constructed from a repeating Gly-Xaa-Yaa triplet, where Xaa and Yaa represent one random amino acid. Using cDNA techniques to modify several repeat sequences of the cDNA fragment, a novel human collagen, named recombinant human-like collagen (rHLC), with low immunogenicity and little risk from hidden virus can be engineered and notably tailored to speciﬁc applications. Human-like collagen (HLC) was initially used as a coating to modify the tissue engineering scaffold, and then used as the scaffold after cross-link agents were added to increase its mechanical strength. Due to its good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, stabilised property, and the ability of mass production, HLC has been widely used in skin injury treatments, vascular scaffolds engineering, cartilage, bone defect repair, skincare, haemostatic sponge, and drug delivery, including coating with medical nanoparticles. In this review, we symmetrically reviewed the development, recent advances in design and application of HLC, and other recombinant human collagen-based biomedicine potentials. At the end, future improvements are also discussed.
Investigating the potential use of polymeric materials in the preparation of temporary cosmetic teeth painting veneers
Authors: Nazha Hasan
Published: July 2020

Dental whitening techniques and materials have become one of the most important non-surgical methods used to improve the appearance of teeth and to make them whiter and brighter, as well as to hide blemishes of the teeth. Since the veneer do not last forever and may fail due to fracture or adhesion failure or wrong selection of the appropriate design, removing large thickness of the outer layer of the tooth may make it vulnerable to weakness and long-term failure. This study aims to reach the polymeric combination that enables us to prepare temporary cosmetic teeth painting veneers, and to improve their properties, in order to get the veneers that work to maintain as much tooth structure as possible, hide defects and beautify teeth in the easiest ways and at least costs. The results showed that it is possible to prepare a paint mixture based on cheap and available raw materials consisting of sodium alginate as a polymeric matrix material in this mixture, titanium dioxide as a coloring additive, and calcium chloride solution as a bonding for sodium alginate molecules and improving for their properties. It is recommended to use the fourth combination (sodium alginate 2% + titanium dioxide 4%) immersed in a solution of calcium chloride (11.11% concentration) in the preparation of temporary paints due to its highest chemical stability and having appropriate physical and optical properties that enable them to use possibly as temporary cosmetic teeth painting veneers.
98 The Utility of Informant History in Delineating Narratives of Gait Disorder in Older Outpatients
Authors: Doyle P , Murphy C , Kennelly S , O'Neill D
Published: July 2020

Background

A scholarly focus on informant history is recent in geriatric medicine, mostly focused on cognition and syncope.1 Gait disorders are common in older people and accurate diagnosis facilitates treatment.2

As there is a disparity between self-rated and ‘objective’ estimates of health among older people, and gait disorders often co-exist with cognitive impairment, there may be a significant difference between patient and informant narratives of gait disorder. We investigated the existence and extent of this disparity.

Methods

As no suitable informant measure could be sourced from the biomedical literature, inquiry with senior academic physiotherapists or through appeals on social media relating to physiotherapy, a mobility scale was designed. We included all patients with a gait disorder at serial outpatient clinics. Exclusion criteria were absence of gait disorder and dementia of sufficient severity to be unable to participate in the consent process. Paired t tests and Fischer exact test were used to analyse the data.

Results

Of 45 participants (mean age 79.8; 50% men), 35 (77.7%) had MCI or dementia. Twenty two (47.8%) informants considered an acute event precipitated an acute deterioration in mobility. Twenty seven informants (60%) had a fear of the older person falling compared to 9 (20%) of patients (p=0.0002).

Patient and informant impression of point on mobility scale differed (t=3.61, p=0.0003). Although Informants reported more falls (mean of 1.36 vs 0.91) in the previous year (t=1.63, p=0.055) this did not achieve statistical significance.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate a discrepancy between patient and informant narratives of level of mobility, and point to the benefit of obtaining an informant history of loss of gait stability, mobility and falls. In addition, perceptions of fear of falling may be of assistance in managing risk and independence.

References

1. Briggs R, O'Neill D. QJM 2016; 109: 301–2.

2. Briggs R, O'Neill D. Clin Med 2014; 14: 200–2.
Control of Pickleworm on Squash with Selective Insecticides, 1997
Authors: Webb Susan E.
Published: July 2020

Insecticides specific for lepidopterous pest-were compared with a standard, Thiodan, and an untreated check for control of pickleworm. Squash was direct seeded on 1 Apr at the Central Florida Research and Education Center, Leesburg, FL. Each plot consisted of four 25-ft rows, 6 ft apart with plants spaced 2.5 ft apart. Treatments were replicated four times in an RCB design. All chemicals were applied with a 2-row tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 18 Albuz (lilac) ceramic hollow-cone nozzles spaced 8 inches apart, delivering 133 gpa at 200 psi. Latron CS-7, a surfactant, was tank-mixed with Confirm and RH-2485 at a concentration of 0.12% vol:vol. Treatments were applied weekly from 14 May to 11 Jun. Fruits were harvested, separated into marketable and damaged, counted, and weighed three times per week from 12 May to 16 Jun. An analysis of variance and a mean separation test (WD) were used to determine significant differences among treatments.
The Prevalence of Self-Reported Health Complaints and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women With Breast Implants
Authors: Miseré Renée M L , Colaris Maartje J L , Tervaert Jan W Cohen , van der Hulst René R W J
Published: July 2020

Background

Some of the millions of women with silicone breast implants (SBIs) report a pattern of systemic complaints, known as ASIA syndrome. However, the association between these complaints and breast implants remains uncertain.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of complaints in women with breast implants and healthy controls, and to compare their health-related quality of life.

Methods

Four groups of subjects were requested to fill in a general and a diagnostic questionnaire, and the Short Form 36. Group 1 was recruited from the Dutch foundation for breast implant illness (BII). Two groups were recruited from Dutch hospitals, where they had been augmented or reconstructed with SBIs (group 2) or saline-filled and hydrogel implants (group 3). A control group without breast implants was recruited from friends of subjects from group 2.

Results

In total, 238 women completed the questionnaires. ASIA manifestations appeared in the majority of the respondents (72.3%-98.8%), with a latency period of 0 to 35 years. Adjusted for age, smoking, and comorbidities, typical symptoms only occurred significantly more frequently in group 1. The presence of a chronic disease was an independent predictor for ASIA syndrome. The health-related quality of life was lower in women with SBIs than in women without breast implants.

Conclusions

The adjusted prevalence of BII manifestations is not significantly higher in women with SBIs than in women without implants. The findings of this study suggest that results on BII are subject to selection bias. Further studies are needed to prove an association between self-reported complaints and SBIs.

Level of Evidence: 2
Ecological Correlates of Rarity in a Tropical Forest Bird Community
Authors: Karr James R.
Published: July 2020

Many species were rare and a few species and individuals seasonal at a lowland seasonally wet forest site in central Panama. Rare species decreased in April-June, either because of nesting peaks or because food supplies are better (hence wandering less necessary) in these months. Of the rare species, many are large species with large home ranges and others wander from nearby second-growth or forest-edge habitats. Some are associated with a small stream adjacent to the study plot. Some follow army ants or have other specialized hunting techniques that may be correlated with their rarity. For a number of species rarity may also be correlated with limits to physiological capabilities and exclusion by local congeneric competitors, but definitive evidence for these patterns is hard to muster. Some species wander seasonally from wetter or dryer habitats in central Panama, suggesting some seasonal flux that keeps birds within forests of correct moisture (or other) characteristics at all times. The magnitude of these seasonal movements varies among wet and dry years. When the ecological correlates of rarity are compared for two Middle American forests, a number of similarities are found. Differences in the two areas are attributed to differences in sampling or to characteristics of the climate and/or nearby habitats.
Sexual Segregation of Red-Billed Queleas (Quelea quelea) in the Awash River Basin of Ethiopia
Authors: Jaeger M. M. , Erickson W. A. , Jaeger M. E.
Published: July 2020

Evidence is presented supporting a seasonal segregation by sex and age of the Red-billed Quelea (Quelea quelea) in and associated with the Awash River Basin of Ethiopia. Sexual segregation is most pronounced in the late dry season/early rains period (March-June), which precedes breeding (July-September). At this time the males appear to be more concentrated in the middle Awash Valley, in the general area where breeding will occur, while the females remain more dispersed. A balanced sex ratio is found from July to September. Following breeding there is a general dispersal with many queleas moving out to the cereal growing areas that border the Awash Valley. This process of dispersal results in a separation of adults from juveniles and, to a lesser degree, males from females.
Use of Space by Lapland Longspurs Breeding in Arctic Alaska
Authors: Tryon P. R. , MacLean S. F.
Published: July 2020

Use of space for foraging was compared with the defended area for three pairs of Lapland Longspurs breeding on arctic tundra near Barrow, Alaska. The activity space for foraging over the entire season was larger than the defended area and was considerably larger for males than for females. Throughout the season, greatest use was made of the area about the nest. This was more pronounced during the nestling and fledgling periods, when adults make frequent visits to feed the young. Greatest use was made of the defended area in the prenesting period, with a decline in use later in the season as territorial defense waned. Overlap occurred in the use of space by adjacent pairs. During the prenesting and incubation periods, this overlap compensated for the decline in use with distance from the nest, so that the combined use of space by adjacent birds was relatively even. Use of space is influenced by the time and energy requirements of breeding activities and by the availability of prey.
Display Rate and Speed of Nest Relief in Antarctic Pygoscelid Penguins
Authors: MÜller-Schwarze D. , MÜller-Schwarze C.
Published: July 2020

The three species of the genus Pygoscelis, P. adeliae (Adélie Penguin), P. antarctica (Chinstrap Penguin), and P. papua (Gentoo Penguin) perform an elaborate Nest Relief Ceremony (NRC) upon one mate's return to the nest. The NRC consists of a number of displays, each of which is performed one or several times. The most conspicuous displays during NRC are the Loud Mutual Display (LMD) and Quiet Mutual Display (QMD) in P. adeliae and P. antarctica, and their morphologically different functional equivalents in P. papua, the "donkey call" (LMD) and "bow-gape-hiss" (BGH). The displays whose repetition rate is negatively correlated with the time elapsed between arrival of the mate and actual changeover are the LMD in P. adeliae, "circling" in P. antarctica, and BGH in P. papua.
A Study of Fasting in Tree Sparrows (Spizella arborea) and Dark-Eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis): Ecological Implications
Authors: Stuebe Miki M. , Ketterson Ellen D.
Published: July 2020

Despite similarities in winter distribution, habitat selection, and food choice, Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) and Tree Sparrows (Spizella arborea) differ in the extent to which they store fat during winter, with juncos accumulating greater stores. Anticipating that Tree Sparrows might have some means of conserving energy during fasting and thus suffer no disadvantage when weather prevents feeding, we compared the species for weight loss, body temperature, and locomotor activity during fasting and noted relative fasting endurance. Because both species exhibit geographic variation in sex ratio during winter, we also made sexual comparisons, anticipating that males would be able to fast longer than females. The species responded similarly to fasting by (a) lowering body temperature, especially at night, and (b) becoming hyperactive, progressively more so as fasting time increased. Tree Sparrows did not exhibit these responses to a greater degree (although they became hyperactive sooner) and were not able to fast as long as juncos. No sexual differences in fasting ability were observed. Because the species-specific difference in tendency toward fat accumulation cannot be attributed to differences in energy expenditure while fasting, at least in the laboratory, other explanations are considered.
Biodiversity genomics of North American Dryobates woodpeckers reveals little gene flow across the D. nuttallii x D. scalaris contact zone
Authors: Manthey Joseph D , Boissinot Stéphane , Moyle Robert G
Published: July 2020

Evolutionary biologists have long used behavioral, ecological, and genetic data from contact zones between closely related species to study various phases of the speciation continuum. North America has several concentrations of avian contact zones, where multiple pairs of sister lineages meet, with or without hybridization. In a southern California contact zone, 2 species of woodpeckers, Nuttall’s Woodpecker (Dryobates nuttallii) and the Ladder-backed Woodpecker (D. scalaris), occasionally hybridize. We sampled these 2 species in a transect across this contact zone and included samples of their closest relative, the Downy Woodpecker (D. pubescens), to obtain large single nucleotide polymorphism panels using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Furthermore, we used whole-genome resequencing data for 2 individuals per species to identify whether patterns of diversity inferred from RAD-seq were representative of whole-genome diversity. We found that these 3 woodpecker species are genomically distinct. Although low levels of gene flow occur between D. nuttallii and D. scalaris across the contact zone, there was no evidence for widespread genomic introgression between these 2 species. Overall patterns of genomic diversity from the RAD-seq and wholegenome datasets appear to be related to distributional range size and, by extension, are likely related to effective population sizes for each species.
Clinical guideline on topical growth factors for skin wounds
Authors: Han Chun-mao , Cheng Biao , Wu Pan ,   writing group of growth factor guideline on behalf of Chinese Burn Association
Published: July 2020

An increased number of patients with skin wounds have been witnessed in the past decades. Among the various kinds of treatments for skin wounds, topical exogenous growth factors are indispensable and have been used in many countries. However, whether they have reliable effects remains controversial, and their application for skin wound treatment needs to be further standardized and optimized in terms of socio-economic considerations. Thus, the Chinese Burn Association developed this guideline indicating efficacy, application details, adverse reactions and precautions of five clinically common topical growth factors using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation method to promote the rational application of topical exogenous growth factors in skin wounds and to benefit more patients.