bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Application of the Comet Assay
Authors: Cortés-Gutiérrez Elva I. , Dávila-Rodríguez Martha I. , Fernández José Luís , López-Fernández Carmen , Gosálbez Altea , Gosálvez Jaime
Published: June 2011

The comet assay is a well-established, simple, versatile, visual, rapid, and sensitive tool used extensively to assess DNA damage and DNA repair quantitatively and qualitatively in single cells. The comet assay is most frequently used to analyze white blood cells or lymphocytes in human biomonitoring studies, although other cell types have been examined, including buccal, nasal, epithelial, and placental cells and even spermatozoa. This study was conducted to design a protocol that can be used to generate comets in subnuclear units, such as chromosomes. The new technique is based on the chromosome isolation protocols currently used for whole chromosome mounting in electron microscopy, coupled to the alkaline variant of the comet assay, to detect DNA damage. The results show that migrant DNA fragments can be visualized in whole nuclei and isolated chromosomes and that they exhibit patterns of DNA migration that depend on the level of DNA damage produced. This protocol has great potential for the highly reproducible study of DNA damage and repair in specific chromosomal domains.
Lost in Translation? Embracing the Challenges of Working With Families From a Refugee Background
Authors: Codrington Rebecca , Iqbal Abeda , Segal Jackie
Published: June 2011

This article describes the difficulties a mainstream family therapy service experienced in working with families from a refugee background. The experience of six therapists and five bicultural workers, who are also the referring agents, was captured in focus groups, and the reflections that emerged shaped a four‐part approach for working with families from a refugee background. Live consultation, either by the family therapist or bicultural worker, is suggested as a way to marry the expertise of family therapists who are not cultural ‘insiders’ with the ‘lived experience’ and cultural expertise of bicultural support workers. The process of reflecting on therapeutic failure resulted in several principles for working therapeu‐tically with families with a history of refugee trauma, unmet resettlement needs and family relationship challenges. These include maintaining a flexible approach to therapy, ascertaining a clear understanding of the referral context, defining an explicit therapeutic contract from the first session, being mindful of the important role that language plays and terminating therapy if it is contra‐indicated.
Hilbert domains that admit a quasi-isometric embedding into Euclidean space
Authors: Colbois Bruno , Verovic Patrick
Published: June 2011

We prove that a Hilbert domain which admits a quasi-isometric embedding into a finite-dimensional normed vector space is actually a convex polytope.
Vitamin D: a potential role in reducing suicide risk?
Authors: Tariq Muhammad M. , Streeten Elizabeth A. , Smith Helen A. , Sleemi Aamar , Khabazghazvini Baharak , Vaswani Dipika , Postolache Teodor T.
Published: June 2011

Suicide attempts are known to peak in the spring, overlapping with the time of year when 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are at their nadir in the northern hemisphere because of negligible skin production of vitamin D owing to low levels of ultraviolet B radiation. Low levels of 25(OH)D, the vitamin D metabolite used to diagnose vitamin D deficiency, have been associated with certain pro-suicidal factors such as exacerbation of depression, anxiety, psychosis, and certain medical conditions. Therefore, we hypothesize that vitamin D deficiency could also be associated with increased risk of completed suicides. Here, we briefly review the literature on vitamin D, its deficiency, and its reported association with certain risk factors for suicide.
Vitamin D: clinical implications beyond musculoskeletal diseases/Vitamin D: Klinische Bedeutung bei nicht muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen
Authors: Pilz Stefan , Tomaschitz Andreas , Pieber Thomas R. , Lafer Ingrid , Drechsler Christiane , Meinitzer Andreas , Grammer Tanja B. , März Winfried
Published: June 2011

Vitamin D has historically been known to play a significant role in the regulation of mineral and bone metabolism. It is, however, increasingly recognized that vitamin D deficiency may also be relevant to various extraskeletal diseases. This may be of clinical significance when considering that the majority of the general population has 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels below the target concentration of at least 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L). In this review, we briefly summarize available data on the association of vitamin D with cancer, cardiovascular, renal, and autoimmune diseases and we discuss further emerging fields of vitamin D research. Finally, we give some practical guidance for vitamin D treatment. In summary, the available evidence is still insufficient for general compelling recommendations for vitamin D treatment of extraskeletal diseases. However, in our opinion the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, the gradually accumulating knowledge on multiple health benefits of vitamin D, and the safety of vitamin D supplementation suggest that public health strategies should aim to improve the vitamin D status in the general population.
Making the Northwest Vietnamese
Authors: Lentz Christian C.
Published: June 2011

This paper revisits Lai Châu in late 1953 when the Thái Federation's collapse signaled the rise of a hegemonic Democratic Republic of Vietnam. I use this moment to analyze processes of legitimating and remaking forms of rule and ruling. I illustrate both how a militarized political project configured and articulated itself, as state, and how this self-proclaimed "state" attempted to recruit local people by casting them in a new community, as nation. Making nation and state together produced enduring, and contested, spatial and communal boundaries structuring relations of rule in an emergent "Northwest" region and knowledge of its peoples.
Impacts of Korean fathers' attachment and parenting behavior on their children's social competence
Authors: Chae Jin-Young , Lee Kang Yi
Published: June 2011

The impacts of fathers' childhood attachment representations and their parenting behavior on 5-year-old children's social competence were examined. One hundred and sixty Korean fathers cohabiting with their children (85 boys and 75 girls) answered questionnaires. The questionnaires
related to the attachment representations of their parents based on their retrospective childhood memories and their own parenting behavior as the fathers of preschoolers. In addition, the children's preschool teachers rated their levels of social competence. Structural equation modeling indicated
that the fathers' childhood attachment representations had significant indirect impacts on boys' social competence because of their own parenting behavior. There was no impact of fathers' childhood attachment representations, but fathers' parenting behavior had a significant direct impact
on their daughters' social competence.
Development of the Acute Stress Response Scale
Authors: Yang Yebing , Tang Jingjing , Jiang Yuan , Liu Xufeng , Sun Yunfeng , Zhu Xia , Miao Danmin
Published: June 2011

In this study we developed a scale to provide a tool for accurate assessment of acute stress response (ASR). We determined the dimensions and symptom clusters of ASR according to a review of the literature and through interviews with psychologists, and then compiled corresponding items,
using these to compose the Acute Stress Response Scale (ASRS). We also investigated the construct validity, concurrent validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency reliability of this scale. The final version of the scale included 6 dimensions and 25 symptom clusters with comparatively
satisfactory indices of validity and reliability, indicating that the ASRS can lay the foundation for the detection and objective and accurate assessment of ASR.
Trace elements concentrations (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and evaluation of mussel quality and possible human health risk from cultivated and wild sites of the southeastern Adriatic Sea, Montenegro
Authors: Stankovic Slavka , Jovic Mihajlo , Milanov Rasa , Joksimovic Danijela
Published: June 2011

The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (L) was collected from the
fall 2005 to the winter 2009 from the six sites on the Montenegrin
coastline. Two wild samples were collected from the open sea coastline, and
two cultivated and two wild were from the Boka Kotorska Bay. The mussels
soft tissue was analyzed for zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium
(Cd), arsenic (As) and total mercury (Hg). Concentrations of these metals
ranged from 135.5-210 for Zn, 6.2-14.5 for Cu, 4.0-11.5 for Pb, 1.7-2.1 for
Cd, 5.8-12.4 for As and 0.11-0.51 for Hg, in mg kg-1 dry weight. The metals
were found to be present in the samples at different levels, but not in
concentrations higher than maximum residual levels prescribed by the
European Union (EU) and US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) regulations
for seafood. This indicates that the consumption of wild or cultivated
mussels from the studied area is safe in moderate quantities.
BDNF-trkB signaling in late life cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Hoau-Yan , Stucky Andres , Hahn Chang-Gyu , Wilson Robert , Bennett David , Arnold Steven
Published: June 2011

Expression levels of BDNF and trkB, primary components of an important neurotrophin signaling pathway, have been reported to be abnormal in neurodegenerative dementias. Here, we used a novel postmortem brain tissue stimulation paradigm to examine BDNF-induced trkB signaling in participants of the Religious Orders Study, a large longitudinal clinicopathological study of aging and cognition. Thawed slices of anterior cingulate cortex were incubated in BDNF and changes in phosphorylated trkB and downstream signaling molecules ERK2 and Akt were measured, as well as the association of NMDA receptors with trkB. We found that stimulation with BDNF induced much greater activity of the BDNF-trkB signaling pathway in brain tissues of people with cognitive decline and AD, as evidenced by significantly more phosphorylation of trkB (pY-trkB), ERK2 (pY/pT-ERK2), Akt (pS-Akt), and greater BDNF-induced coupling of trKB with NMDAR2A/B. These findings were independent of PHFtau neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid-b plaque densities and other potentially confounding variables. Regression analyses with clinical features further characterized significant relationships between measures of BDNF-trkB activation and domains of cognition and emotional functioning. Increased BDNF-trkB signaling with cognitive decline could reflect a primary derangement of pathway functioning or a compensatory neuroplastic response to counteract neural injury associated with neurodegenerative processes.
Gyral window mapping of typical cortical folding using MRI
Authors: Dombroski Brynn , Switala Andrew , El-Baz Ayman , Casanova Manuel
Published: June 2011

Using the NIH Pediatric MRI Data Repository for normative developmental studies, white matter depth within the gyri of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and of the left and right hemisphere was identified for 312 typically developing children and young adults (168 male and 144 female) between 4 and 23 years of age. There was no significant age difference between male and female groups overall (F 1,867 = 0.0002; p = 0.99) or per-visit (F 2,867 = 2.18; p = 0.86). There was significant dependence of gyral window upon age (F 1,6544 = 115, p < 0.0001), lobe (F 3,6544 = 229, p < 0.0001), hemisphere (F 1,6544 = 5.23, p = 0.022), age*sex (F 1,6544 = 13.8, p = 0.0002), age*lobe (F 3,6544 = 120, p = 0.0001), and age*hemisphere (F 1,6544 = 4.41, p = 0.036). Gyrification increased with age in both males and females in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes with opposite effects observed in the occipital lobe. Relative gyral depth, as measured in this study, was significantly (p < 0.0001) inversely correlated with gyrification index. Previous studies relate gyral window measurements to the differential expression of short and long corticocortical projections. Our results therefore suggest that the pattern of corticocortical connections is malleable during the first two decades of development.
Tau gene promoter rs242557 and allele-specific protein binding
Authors: Anaya Fidel , Lees Andrew , Silva Rohan
Published: June 2011

The H1 haplotype clade of the tau gene (MAPT) is associated with increased risk of the sporadic disorders, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and to a lesser extent, Parkinson’s disease (PD). The H1c sub-haplotype drives this association in PSP and CBD, and is also weakly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting involvement in common pathogenic pathway(s). The rs242557 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that defines H1c resides in a highly conserved repressor domain in the MAPT promoter. Previously, in cellular reporter assays, we showed significant rs242557 allele-specific differences in transcriptional repression, with the H1c-specific rs242557/A allele contributing a significantly higher MAPT promoter activity compared to the non-H1c rs242557/G allele. With evidence of allele-specific differences in protein binding to this repressor domain, we set out to identify those proteins that bind to this region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis strongly suggested allele-specific differences in protein affinities. In order to identify nuclear proteins that differentially bind to this repressor domain, we carried out a promoter-trap assay and analysed the bound proteins by SDS-PAGE and HPLC ESI-QTOF mass spectrometry. We identified 37 proteins and used bioinformatic tools such as STRING and Reactome to analyse and stratify the results. These included U2AF65, hnRNPU, PTBP1, hnRNPD0, U5 snRNP 116, ALY, HMGB2, H1 and actin and provide the basis for further studies of the role of the MAPT repressor domain and the binding proteins in regulating MAPT gene transcription and splicing.
Correlation based splitting criterionin multi branch decision tree
Authors: Salehi-Moghaddami Nima , Yazdi Hadi , Poostchi Hanieh
Published: June 2011

One of the most commonly used predictive models in classification is the decision tree (DT). The task of a DT is to map observations to target values. In the DT, each branch represents a rule. A rule’s consequent is the leaf of the branch and its antecedent is the conjunction of the features. Most applied algorithms in this field use the concept of Information Entropy and Gini Index as the splitting criterion when building a tree. In this paper, a new splitting criterion to build DTs is proposed. A splitting criterion specifies the tree’s best splitting variable as well as the variable’s threshold for further splitting. Using the idea from classical Forward Selection method and its enhanced versions, the variable having the largest absolute correlation with the target value is chosen as the best splitting variable at each node. Then, the idea of maximizing the margin between classes in a support vector machine (SVM) is used to find the best classification threshold on the selected variable. This procedure will execute recursively at each node, until reaching the leaf nodes. The final decision tree has a shorter height than previous methods, which effectively reduces useless variables and the time needed for classification of future data. Unclassified regions are also generated under the proposed method, which can be interpreted as an advantage or disadvantage. The simulation results demonstrate an improvement in the generated decision tree compared to previous methods.
La Prédiction du Bouddha
Authors: Bernon Olivier de
Published: June 2011

For more than a century, every political crisis in Cambodia has given way to the traditional and irrational influence of "predictions" among the Khmers both on their behavior and the understanding they have of their own history. July 1997's turmoil was one more occasion to measure the power of this influence when Prime Minister Samdeh Hun Sen did evoke the Prediction of the Buddha (buddh damnāy) when analyzing the events with journalists.

This XIXth century text, of which we present here the translation, would show not only, as expected, some conformity to theravāda millenarist traditions, but presumably a mahāyanist if not taoïst heritage conveyed by the vivid and determining figure of the "Chinese carrying books on his back".
La notion de reste dans le choix du nom personnel en Birmanie (Myanmar)
Authors: Robinne François
Published: June 2011

The Burmese have no patronymic. They have instead multiple personal names which, in combination, generally form two or three monosyllables. These names are either given by others or chosen by the individual and are selected using a widely-known system called mahābut.

This paper examines how, according to the internal logic of this system, the name bears a dual aspect of fatality and free will. All calculations, including those related to astrology, begin with a number generated by taking the remainder of the year of birth divided by seven. By the association of the numbers produced by the various calculations with a chart of syllables, it is possible to assemble a name. The remainder (from which the name is generated) introduces a notion of randomness or freedom which minimizes the belief in karmic predestination.
L'abbé de Choisy, historien du Siam et de l'Asie du Sud-Est
Authors: Van der Cruysse Dirk
Published: June 2011

François-Timoléon de Choisy (1644-1724), known as the abbé de Choisy, was one of the envoys of Louis XIV to the court of Somdet Phra Narai in 1685. This first French embassy ever sent to Siam has been recorded in several travel reports, among which Choisy's Journal du voyage de Siam, translated in the early 1990s into Japanese and English, distinguishes itself by its freshness, its intellectual curiosity and its open-mindedness. Before setting sail, Choisy had promised to his best friend, the abbé Louis de Dangeau who happened to be a very curious man, to write down for him everything he could find about the history of the kingdom of Siam and its neighbours, and he was as good as his word.

Besides his Journal du voyage de Siam, Choisy wrote several memoirs connected with Siam before, during and after his journey. The abbé took advantage during the return voyage of the presence on board of his vessel of three Siamese envoys to France, and of several missionaries with a long experience in Southeast Asia, to give free rein to his curiosity.

All this enabled him to describe in broad outline the exotic kingdom of Siam in the daily entries of his Journal and in the memoirs mentionned above.
La situation linguistique des Chinois de Paris originaires de l'Asie du Sud-Est
Authors: Zheng Li-Hua
Published: June 2011

One Of the dominant features shared by the Chinese living in Paris is their rich linguistic repertoire, closely related to their migratory history. As a function of the status of the language, the person or persons one is communicating with, and general practice, each language in which one is fluent conveys a whole series of connotations as to the rights and duties of the participants. Thus, the linguistic resources of the speakers operate as an effective means for the management of interpersonal relationships in social interaction, which can be viewed as a negotiation of various balances of power. The people involved are continually negotiating its vicissitudes in order to establish or reestablish the equilibrium of the relational balance. Some relationships can be established between the coexistence of linguistic varieties, their social functions, and the socio-economic situation of Chinese speakers in Paris.
Les Vietnamiens au Cambodge : analyse des représentations et des conditions d'une intégration
Authors: Bertrand Didier
Published: June 2011

The Vietnamese came to Cambodia for a long time through different migration processes. Called yun, they live mostly in urban areas and suffer from negative representations. The Phnom Penh opposition press presents them as invaders sent by the Hanoi regime. Ethnicity is understood as a social interaction in a multiethnic context in which mutual definitions are articulated. For the Vietnamese in Cambodia, ethnicity is a built-in answer to survival needs when confronted with open discriminatory political discourse.

Depending on the history of their migration, the Vietnamese will choose different integration strategies. For example those who came centuries ago as fishermen on the big Tonle sap lake, define their identity in terms of deep comple-mentarity with the Khmer rice farmers, and they claim to be part of this country.

We want to show that in Cambodia the Vietnamese problem is less an ethnic problem than a political one linked to the fear of loss of national territory that has been reduced through centuries. The racial discourse maintains confusion of level and persons and it is an easy way to avoid seeing what are the real Cambodian problems.
Les reliques des cheveux du Bouddha au Shwe Dagon de Rangoon
Authors: Strong John S.
Published: June 2011

According to local lore, the Shwe Dagon pagoda in Rangoon enshrines as relics some hairs of the Buddha Gotama, initially brought there by the merchants Tapassu and Bhallika. This article examines various Mon and Burmese versions of this "Shwe Dagon legend", featuring these merchants, their journey from India to Burma with the hair relics, their search for the hill on which to enshrine them, and their construction there of a stūpa (the future Shwe Dagon pagoda). The article then presents a rather different hair-relic tradition recorded in the Chakesadhātuvamsa, a Pāli text chronicling the distribution of six hair-relics of the Buddha by six of his disciples. A final section differentiates between these two legendary cycles in terms of "centrifugal" and "centripetal" relic traditions.
Violence et ethnicité : les enlèvements de Chinois aux Philippines
Authors: Baffie Jean
Published: June 2011

Manila has been called "the Asian capital of kidnappings". An old phenomenon in the Philippines, kidnappings against ransom are very frequent throughout the country, but especially in the region of the capital city and in the Southern provinces (i.e. Mindanao and the neighboring islands).

Kidnappers used to be from various origins (members of the triads, rebellious soldiers, roguish policemen, communist guerrillas, Muslim separatists) but "political" kidnappings are now less numerous. However, most of the victims are the rich Chinese businessmen who hold dominant positions in the economy of the Philippines. Since the fall of President Marcos, in 1986, all the governments have tried to solve the problem, and have failed. The Chinese have been reacting both individually and as a community to face the threat. The ultimate answer could be a better integration of that ethnic minority which should resist the temptation to strengthen the boundaries between the Chinese and the Filipinos and the temptation to move farther, overseas again.
Le Śiva-liṇga de Tuol Prasat
Authors: Bernon Olivier de
Published: June 2011

This paper relates the discovery of a Śiva-liṅga, a yoni and a "deposit stone" made by a Khmer peasant in Tuol Prasat, a contested area along the Khmer- Vietnamese border in Svay Rieng Province. This peasant, the grū Hay Phin, gives a spontaneous account of the divinatory circumstances of the digging that led to the archaeological findings. Detailed characteristics of these three pieces, since presented to King Norodom Sihanouk and kept in the Museum of the Royal Palace, are given here with pictures.
La cité royale dans la littérature traditionnelle malaise : représentation et contribution à l'histoire des cités anciennes du monde malais
Authors: Perret Daniel
Published: June 2011

Due to poverty of written sources and lack of interest shown by the archaeologists until recent years, the urban history of the Malay world before the 19th c., particularly before the 16th c., is still in an embryonic stage compared with other regions. This article try to show that, despite their shortage, local written sources such as the traditional Malay literature cannot be neglected to approach some aspects of the urban history such as the royal city. It is based on a corpus of 24 texts dated from the 15th c. onwards.

The main themes regarding the royal city in the traditional Malay literature are its foundation, its morphology and structure. Descriptions are generally stereotyped and seem to refer to a kind of model located outside the Malay world. Thus, as convention takes precedence over realism, this type of source has to be taken very cautiously regarding the physical aspect of the city but stands as a valuable source regarding the symbolic aspect and the perception of the city by the autochthons.
Le terme cuḥ en cambodgien
Authors: Vogel Sylvain
Published: June 2011

The author gives a short description of the usages of the word written cuh and raises the question whether it should be analysed as a unit which belongs to different categories of words or whether the orthographical form is homophonous of two or three different units. Considering the fact that the written form cuḥ actually stands for two different phonetic forms ([cɔh] and [cah]), he chooses the second option.
Aide et entraide agricole dans un village du Nord-Viêt-nam : modalités pratiques et motivations
Authors: Tessier Olivier
Published: June 2011

In Northern Vietnam, labour exchange is the most common form of collective work among farmers and is often used to perform tasks that require an intense labor force in the fields and for other collective tasks related to the social life of the villagers This paper analyses all aspects of this labor exchange among individuals and families in the village of Hay. We have found that this labor exchange is not simply an economic transaction among farmers, but instead a personal choice of individuals and families in relation to other villagers. One can for example accept or refuse to work for a particular family and one can invite only a particular family to participate in labor exchange. In this paper, we argue that reciprocity is indeed the basis of this labor exchange in which individuals and families participate in order to establish and reinforce bounds with some families inside and outside the village.
Souvanna Khom Kham ou Chiang Saen rive gauche? Note sur un site archéologique lao récemment "découvert"
Authors: Lorrillard Michel
Published: June 2011

A few years ago, the Lao cultural authorities "discovered" in the Bo Keo province a group of ancient religious monuments scattered over an area bordering the Mekong river. The site was named Souvanna Khom Kham after the name of an ancient city whose foundation and ruin is told in a legendary chronicle of Lān Nā. The identification of the site with this ancient town is questionable, all the more since the site is situated just opposite Chiang Saen and probably shares the same cultural background. However, this does not mean that the chronicle has nothing to tell us about the area : deep under many layers of legends, it may record the presence of human settlements at the mouth of the Nam Kok river dating back to before the foundation of Chiang Saen.
Quand l'an 2000 est-il devenu une année du grand serpent en Thaïlande?
Authors: Hennequin Laurent
Published: June 2011

Even though the twelve-animal cycle giving the name of a different animal to a year is quite common all over Thailand, it is generally not known which day the year gets a new name, as this depends on the traditional calendar which is largely forgotten. As a result, there are quite a few conflicting interpretations concerning the day when a new year starts in the cycle and the tradition is often wrongly adapted to modern calendar practices, with a strong interference of foreign influences. To illustrate the question, the article reviews the various interpretations concerning the day when the year 2000 became a year of the big serpent, showing that no less than five options are found for this single year.
Hô Chi Minh-Ville : l'administration face à la société. Vers une redéfinition des rapports de force?
Authors: Defert Gabriel
Published: June 2011

Initially based on a model inherited from North Vietnam the current administration of Ho Chi Minh City constitutes nowadays a complex jumble subdued to numerous authorities that are sometimes antagonistic and more or less directly pledged to the central political power.

The relations, widely unclear to foreign observers, are not any longer the main concern of a deeply changing population which real stakes are from now on economic. However, the administration wants and will try to maintain its hold over a system that will ensure it an extensive control of the country production system.
Sociabilités et liens personnels aux Philippines sous la colonisation américaine
Authors: Guéraiche William
Published: June 2011

The archives of Manuel Quezon (regarded as the first president of the Philippines) shed a new light on the social relations in the upper class. During the American rule, a wide network of associations acting as pressure groups in the archipelago gave an impetus to the young democracy. M. Quezon pragmatically used clubs and societies to reinforce his position as a political leader, the only one capable of governing the country after independence. This is especially visible in his Masonic connections. Beyond this, the letters of introduction (for introducing an individual) and recommendation (for procuring a position) also create a social bond. These letters are open to various interpretations. They may correspond to social codes, linked to good manners, for example. In the public sphere they show how a political leader could win the fidelity of his clientele, by acting as a "go between". Through these exchanges, we can appreciate the degree of Americanization of Philippine society.
Burmese epigraphy: G. H. Luce's legacy yet to be unearthed
Authors: Htway U Tin
Published: June 2011

Gordon H. Luce a consacré sa vie entière à l'étude de la Birmanie ancienne, une entreprise qui devait engendrer la publication d'un nombre impressionnant de livres et d'articles. Ces publications ne représentent toutefois qu'une partie de son œuvre, car il a laissé derrière lui de multiples travaux encore inédits, parmi lesquels des transcriptions d'inscriptions. Le but du présent article, écrit par un ancien élève de G. H. Luce, est de donner un aperçu de l'œuvre du maître de l'épigraphie birmane et d'attirer l'attention sur l'héritage resté inédit. Par ailleurs, pour donner une idée de l'importance de cet héritage, l'auteur livre en annexe un inventaire descriptif détaillé de quelques-unes des trancriptions contenues dans le premier des dix-sept cahiers de transcriptions que nous a légué Luce, ainsi que la copie intégrale d'une de ces transcriptions inédites.
La découverte de statues bouddhiques dans le temple de Banteay Kdei (traduit de l'anglais par Gérard Fouquet)
Authors: Marui Masako
Published: June 2011

Cet article présente quelques résultats préliminaires des recherches archéologiques réalisées en 2000 et 2001 dans le temple de Banteay Kdei par l'équipe de l'université de Sophia. Les fouilles entreprises aux abords de la chaussée orientale D01 et de l'édifice DU permettent d'y dégager quatre phases distinctes :

- une première occupation antérieure à la construction de Banteay Kdei ;

- une période correspondant au temple angkorien, plus précisément à celle de l'édification de l'édifice DU ;

- une troisième période consistant en l'abandon de l'édifice DU ;

- une dernière durant laquelle fut creusée la fosse DU04 où a été mis au jour un lot remarquable de statues bouddhiques en pierre.

Le nombre exceptionnel de statues qui y étaient enfouies (274 pièces et fragments) n'a à ce jour aucun équivalent à Angkor. L'état de ces pièces, pour la plupart brisées et fragmentaires, suggère qu'elles proviendraient de la réaction iconoclaste hindouiste postérieure au règne de Jayavarman VII. La découverte de ces statues présente ainsi un intérêt majeur pour la compréhension de ces phénomènes iconoclastes et pour la clarification de l'histoire du temple de Banteay Kdei.
Corps à corps: Théorie et pratique dans l'enseignement d'une technique corporelle traditionnelle. L'exemple du massage thaï au wat Pho de Bangkok
Authors: Vallard Annabel
Published: June 2011

Rendu célèbre en Occident par le développement du tourisme et de la prostitution, le massage traditionnel thaï (kannuat phaen boran) occupe une place à part encore peu étudiée dans la thérapeutique thaïe. Partant de l'analyse de la pratique manuelle telle qu'elle est enseignée dans l'école de massage la plus réputée de Thaïlande (wat Pho), le présent article examine les modalités de transmission et d'apprentissage des savoirs liés à cette thérapeutique. Essentiellement fondés sur la non-verbalisation et l'expérience, ces procédés d'enseignement ont amené l'auteur à se questionner sur les théories médicales concernant le corps mises en œuvre dans cette pratique manuelle. Cette mise en perspective de la pratique et de la théorie a permis d'une part, d'analyser les terminologies employées et d'autre part, de redéfinir les conceptions du corps mises en jeu dans le cadre du massage traditionnel thaï en argumentant l'existence d'une anatomie en réseau autour d'un pôle central : l'abdomen.
La littérature des années de misère: les petits romans manuscrits du Cambodge, de 1979 à 1993
Authors: Bernon Olivier de
Published: June 2011

After the fall of the Democratic Kampuchea regime in January 1979, due to a strenuous shortage of paper and a continuous scarcity of publishing facilities, printed books in general and fiction literary works in particular almost completely disappeared from the local market during the People's Democratic Republic of Kampuchea and State of Cambodia eras (respectively 1979-1989 and 1989-1993). Ideological constraints as well as the constant lack of efficiency of official institutions then paved the way for the blossoming of a myriad short novels, sometimes copied from pre-existing publications but more often entirely original, and hand written on school notebooks made of poor quality lined paper.

The École française d'Extrême-Orient in Phnom Penh received from a former book hirer a donation of about ten such novels which are briefly analyzed here.
À propos d'un monument antérieur au temple de Banteay Kdei
Authors: Arahi Hisao
Published: June 2011

travers l'examen de fragments architecturaux constitutifs de Banteay Kdei pouvant être considérés comme des matériaux de réemploi, cette étude cherche à apporter un éclairage nouveau sur la question, soulevée notamment par Finot et Cœdès, d'un éventuel monument antérieur à Banteay Kdei construit sur le site du temple actuel ou dans ses environs immédiats.

L'analyse montre que dans l'état actuel des recherches, on ne trouve sur la plupart des pièces pouvant être considérées comme des matériaux de réemploi nul indice probant qui permettrait d'affirmer qu'elles proviendraient d'un tel monument. Elles semblent plutôt provenir de bâtiments de construction tardive édifiés pendant la période de travaux d'adjonction de Banteay Kdei. Reste que les pièces PD-24, 25, 26 et les pièces portant l'inscription K. 532 datée du Xe siècle, appartenant toutes à l'édifice Nord Dl 1 , suggèrent l'existence d'un monument antérieur rattachable au Xe siècle. Il faudrait alors considérer qu'il s'agissait d'un monument en briques comme on en voit de nombreux exemplaires datant du Xe siècle aux alentours de Banteay Kdei. En effet, dans les monuments khmers en briques, l'emploi de grès est limité et cela pourrait expliquer un réemploi restreint de matériaux de grès dans les édifices actuels.
Life History of Chui Chai Phram: How a Siamese Dance is Remembered or Forgotten
Authors: Chalermpow Koanantakool Paritta
Published: June 2011

Mon professeur de danse, qui fut la première femme à danser le Chui Chai Phram il y a quelque 67 ans, considère que cette danse requiert une forme de grâce particulière permettant de cacher autant que de montrer. La danseuse qui l'interprète doit posséder une maîtrise absolue des poses et gestes qui seule rend possible la dissimulation du désir profond. Car, selon mon professeur, tout l'art du Chui Chai Phram consiste à exprimer et captiver de façon indirecte. Pourquoi ? Lui ai-je demandé. Parce que c'est ainsi qu'on le lui a enseigné et qu'elle en transmet la tradition.

Cet article tente d'aller au-delà de cette réponse abrupte. En replaçant le Chui Chai Phram dans un contexte historique et culturel, il montre comment cette danse a été conçue, comment elle a évolué et comment sa signification a été remodelée : à l'origine liée à un épisode du Ramakien et interprétée par un danseur appartenant à la cour au début du XXe siècle, elle est devenue - suite à une politique gouvernementale de création d'un art national - partie intégrante du répertoire de courtes pièces dans lequel les danseuses puisent pour leurs spectacles. Il décrit la métamorphose de cette danse "masculine" en une danse "féminine" et comment le discours qu'elle tient sur le pouvoir de la danse est passé d'un plan cosmique à un plan humain.
Un pèlerinage bouddhique au Lanna entre le XVIe et le XVIIe siècle d'après le Khlong Nirat Hariphunchai
Authors: Lagirarde François
Published: June 2011

The Khlong Nirat Hariphunchai (KNH) is one the oldest poems known in Thai literature. Its 180 stanzas tell us about the physical and moral journey of an unknown poet who leaves Chiang Mai and his beloved one to make a pilgrimage to Lamphun (the former Hariphunchai). Eventhough the poet is mainly concerned with his personal sufferings, he gives a detailed account of his religious practices (mainly Buddhist) providing us with a very instructive account of the religious situation in the heart of the Lanna kingdom in its natural and human environment. Most scholars agree on dating this poem from the year 1517 CE. But this date seems problematic since it does not match with several facts mentionned by the text itself. For instance KNH evokes the desertion and ruin of an important number of monasteries - something which, considering what we know about the problems in the Community of monks at this time, points towards a later period. Therefore we think that KNH should be regarded as a work of fiction weaving together real elements which do not necessarily belong to the same historical period and that a later date (the end of the 16th century ?) should be considered for the composition of the poem.
Le livret d'oratorio au XVIIIe siècle : quelle sorte de livre?
Authors: Degott Pierre
Published: June 2011

This paper aims at exploring the specificity of the eighteenth-century oratorio libretto, a printed book halfway between a mere concert programme and a literary work. The examination of the paratext of some of the original wordbooks does indeed contain a wealth of information, both on the factual and the interpretative levels. For example, the various prefaces, poems and epigraphs that are part and parcel of the early editions of Handel's oratorio librettos give rise to further consideration on the special relations between words and music, thereby emphasising the reflexive dimension of the verbal text. Curiously enough, the common denominator between most of Handel's oratorio texts is the demonstration of the superiority of music over words, a theory running counter to the major tenets of the theoretical debate prevalent in the eighteenth-century (Harris, Burney, Mason...).
L'escapade espagnole de Charles et Buckingham : un feuilleton d'actualité dans les nouvelles à la main de Joseph Mead en 1623
Authors: Borot Luc
Published: June 2011

Before the periodical essay became an essential feature of the press, the letters of news and the newsbooks of the XVIIth century opened the way. The Jacobean Cambridge divine Joseph Mead wrote newsletters for the retired Suffolk magistrate Sir Martin Stuteville during the 1620s. During the Spanish Match episode, Mead collected information from his usual printed and manuscript sources, but also aurally, from diplomats, courtiers, clerics and academics. Mead's method was more elaborate and selective than the printed corantos' haphazard approach. The insertion of literary and academic news and anecdotes foreshadows the fashionable magazines by several decades.
The Lover ou la passion transitoire
Authors: Boulard Claire
Published: June 2011

When in 1714 Sir Richard Steele launched The Lover, his new essay periodical, his aim was to redefine the passion of love which, he contended, had been reduced to a the hypocritical "code galant" and had been deprived of its meaning in the Restoration, thus causing great social havoc. He therefore embarked on a scheme where The Lover, headed by its persona Marmaduke Myrtle, and by its club, would teach sensibility and true love to the readers of both sexes. This study explains how Richard Steele created a transitory codification of passion by building a genuine rhetoric of sensibility which he applied to such institutions as marriage. In so doing, he used the very form of his periodical to echo the content. Such techniques turned The Lover into one of the forerunners of the literary movement of sensibility mainly promoted by the novel in the mid- eighteenth century. But this article also aims at discovering the strategies that Steele used to channel the rhetoric of sensibility within the harmless bounds of a social vertue.
Innocence et expérience dans Joseph Andrews
Authors: Morère Pierre
Published: June 2011

Locke's empirical philosophy has repercussions in the structure as well as in the narrative strategy of Joseph Andrews. The picaresque form of the novel is the perfect illustration of the notions of innocence and experience at work. The negative aspects of these two qualities refer to the problem of the dialectics of nature versus nurture. The lack of knowledge of the world as it is, whether it be due to a lack of mastery of the social code or to a purely bookish education, necessarily leads to disappointment and deceit. But on the other hand, innocence is positive in so far as it is a constant reminder of the purity of the origins of human nature. So is experience which proves necessary in ordinary social behaviour. These two contradictory aspects are exemplified in the characters of Joseph and Parson Adams. The final restoration of order and harmony in the novel, far from being an artificial literary device, is the triumph of the Laws of Nature and of common sense. Joseph Andrews is the literary illustration of the themes of appearance versus reality and of nature versus nurture.
Ceci n'est pas un discours sur le jardin anglais
Authors: Martinet Marie-Madeleine
Published: June 2011

The article argues that the landscape garden was a powerful epistemological model in so far as it produced a non-discursive paradigm. It studies several mo des of combination of 'Sister Arts' - e.g. architecture in the landscape, or pictorial analogues - to show that their intended appeal rests on the simultaneous perception of differences between artistic modes, in complex harmonies of perception and imagination. It gives formal analyses of motifs such as the Palladian Bridge to show how their function was to manifest the irreducible multiplicity of styles and aesthetic experiences.
Le jardin urbain au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Carré Jacques
Published: June 2011

This article examines the resistance of the urban garden to landscaping in the XVIIIth century. Why did public walks, squares, and pleasure gardens retain an increasingly antiquated formality? First the relevance of the modern notion of urban "public garden" is addressed. There was little in common between the various types of open spaces available in towns. Secondly, the notion of public space was far from clear in an age when the definition of "the public" was intensely elitist, and when most urban gardens accessible to visitors were in fact private property. The space occupied by these gardens was eminently marketable, and was often threatened with redevelopment. By contrast the rural, aristocratic, landscaped garden could be associated with the permanence of stable family property protected by strict settlement. The urban garden was in fact part and parcel of a consumer society in which it served as a venue for competitive sociability. Moreover the urban gardens were rarely related to the classical visual culture of the early landscape gardens. The XVIIIth-century urban garden could hardly be perceived as a landscape, but rather as a commodified "arena of display" (P. Bor- say).
"Getting the Picture" of the Picturesque : Some Thoughts on the Greatest British Aesthetic Muddle of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Châtel Laurent
Published: June 2011

In view of the general uneasiness that still prevails over the use of the term "picturesque" it was deemed useful but also salutary to review the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century uses of the word, especially as these changed across the century. A number of explanations are offered to disentangle the web of meanings and situations that converged around the notion. Landscape gardening is possibly the area that has suffered most damage from an indiscriminate use of this middle-of-the road aesthetic category. There is more to the picturesque than "picture," "irregularity" or variety; moreover, to be on the safe side when explaining the principles that inspired such and such a garden references to Gilpin, Price or Knight should be accompanied by some evidence at least that the owner or improver had these connoisseurs's precepts in mind. With no claim to comprehensiveness, the article concludes on a cautionary note about the way one names gardens and takes William Beckford's Fonthill as an illustration. It shows that despite being "irregular," "various" and "wild" it is unwise to label this early nineteenth-century "landscape" in relation to the "Picturesque" since by then the word designated aspects with which Beckford would not have associated.
Théorie et pratique des mythes: les paradoxes de Thomas Heywood
Authors: Coffin Charlotte
Published: June 2011

In the 1610s, Thomas Heywood published An Apology for Actors at the same time as his series of mythological plays on the "Four Ages" was performed at the Red Bull Theatre. Interestingly, the treatise and the plays show contradictory approaches to mythology. On the one hand, the gods are evoked as incentive examples fraught with ancient authority; on the other hand, mythology verges on folklore as Juno and Jupiter turn respectively into a shrew and a womanizer. If such a paradox can be explained by the versatility of myths, as their circulation in contemporary culture makes them pragmatically adaptable to various genres and purposes, it also invites a further enquiry into Heywood's fundamental poetics. It is then necessary to identify and set apart the political content of the treatise, in order to uncover a poetical reflection in which the notion of movement prevails over the heroic vs. burlesque dichotomy, and comes to define the specificity of drama both in theory and practice.
Daniel Defoe et le débat sur les oracles païens
Authors: Deschamps Yannick
Published: June 2011

Le débat sur la nature et le moment où cessèrent les oracles païens est souvent réduit à la controverse qui opposa Fontenelle, précurseur des Lumières à Baltus, son adversaire jésuite. Le débat cependant attira par la suite l'attention d'autres polémistes, dont Defoe, qui épouse le point de vue des sceptiques, considérant que les oracles n'étaient pas le fait de démons, mais des prêtres qui officiaient dans les temples oraculaires. Son scepticisme trouve cependant ses limites: à défaut de parler directement par la voix des oracles, les démons influençaient les réponses des prêtres païens, et n'étaient donc pas absents du processus oraculaire. La position de Defoe est donc ambiguë. Il est plus proche de Reginald Scot, le sceptique élisabéthain, que de Fontenelle et des précurseurs des Lumières.