bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appropriateness of the Use of Parenteral Nutrition in a Local Tertiary-Care Hospital
Authors: Chan SL , Luman W
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is an important supportive therapy for critically ill patients who have non-functioning gut. However, it is an expensive therapy and carries significant complications. The objective of our audit was to determine the appropriateness of prescription of PN in our hospital, based on the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) 2002 guidelines. In our hospital, the prescription of PN is managed by the Nutrition Support Team.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of adult patients prescribed with PN in 2001 was undertaken. Data on patient demographics, underlying diagnoses, indications, duration and routes administration were collected. The use of PN was classified as “appropriate”, “inappropriate” or “indeterminate” by the authors based on the above guidelines.

Results: 145 patients were prescribed PN in 2002. We were able to review the case notes for 137 patients. One patient received PN on 2 separate admissions. Of the 138 courses of PN (in 137 patients) reviewed, there were 88 males with the median age of 61 years (range, 16 to 91 years). 81.2% were surgical patients and of the remaining patients, 10.1% had haematological malignancies. The 2 most common indications were postoperative ileus (37.0%) and post-surgical complications (14.5%). The median duration of PN prescription was 9 days (range, 1 to 175 days). 109 (78.3%) courses of PN were classified as “appropriate”, 22 (15.9%) courses as “inappropriate” and 7 (5.8%) courses as “indeterminate”. Patients from the postoperative ileus group contributed to 10 (45.5%) patients with “inappropriate” indications; the main reason was premature initiation of PN. Of the patients considered to show “inappropriate” indications, 15 courses (68.1%) were prescribed for less than 7 days. PN was discontinued in 78% of courses due to satisfactory resumption of oral or enteral intake. The mean duration of PN use for patients with “inappropriate” indication was significantly shorter than for patients with “appropriate” indication (7.7 ± 5.3 days versus 15.8 ± 20.0 days, P = 0.002). 99.3% of PN courses were given via the central routes (with central vein cannulation or PICC). These lines were specifically inserted for PN in 60.14% of the cases.

Conclusion: Our audit showed that 15.9% of PN prescriptions were inappropriate according to the ASPEN guidelines. This was largely attributed to premature initiation of PN for postoperative ileus. We believe that these PN courses could have been avoided if these patients had been tried on naso-jejunal tube feeding, or oral nutrition with the use of prokinetics during the postoperative period.
Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum Infections in Immunocompromised Patients in a Dermatology Clinic in Singapore
Authors: Tan HH , Tan A , Theng C , Ng SK
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Mycobacterium haemophilum, a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that was first described in 1978, is a pathogen that can cause an array of symptoms in immunocompromised patients, predominantly cutaneous.

Clinical Picture: We report our hospital’s experience with the first 3 patients diagnosed with this infection from 1994 to 2002. All were women; one had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), one had mycosis fungoides and the last had Sjogren’s syndrome with recurrent bacterial infections, although the specific nature of her immunocompromised state has not been defined. All were HIV negative. All 3 women presented with cutaneous lesions – the first with recurrent erythematous plaques on the limbs and back, the second with tender nodules and abscesses on the knees, and the third with papular eruptions on the cheek.

Treatment/Outcome: All responded to a combination of antibiotics and are presently still undergoing treatment and follow-up.

Conclusion: Infections caused by M. haemophilum occur mainly in immunocompromised patients. They can present with a variety of cutaneous manifestations, which require a high index of suspicion and coordination between the treating physician and the laboratory for diagnosis. Combination antibiotic treatment is recommended, and patients should be followed up after treatment to survey for possible relapse.
The Emergence of Different Sustainable Development Approaches According to Environmental Ethics Theories
Authors:   Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, ORCID: 0000-0002-7185-6514,Akdeniz University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Philosophy, Antalya, Turkey, KÜLCÜ Recep
Published: September 2023

In recent years, population growth, changes in consumption patterns, urbanization, industrialization, and structural changes in agricultural production have brought about various environmental problems worldwide. At the core of these issues lies the significant impact of viewing nature as a resource repository and a dumping ground for waste in production processes aimed at satisfying increasing consumption. Humanity in the twentieth century came to terms with the fact that these problems also threatened its own existence. Global risks that began with pollution from waste sources and thinning of the ozone layer in the twentieth century have made it imperative for governments to seek solutions beyond their borders in the twenty-first century, particularly with climate change and global warming. The sustainable development approach, under the leadership of the United Nations, has come to the forefront in meetings addressing these challenges. Sustainable development, in essence, envisions restructuring today's activities in a way that they can also be carried out by future generations. However, the fundamental cause of environmental problems is the uncertainty of human domination in human-environment relationships. Measures taken without ethical scrutiny in this context are only aimed at addressing current problems. This study interprets the sustainable development approaches that have emerged in the quest for global solutions to environmental problems through various environmental ethics theories and discusses their theoretical foundations. Within the scope of this study, sustainability approaches are interpreted according to different environmental ethics theories, and different attitudes toward certain environmental problems are attempted to be revealed.
Nexus between Exchange Rate and Foreign Reserves on Economic Growth in Nigeria (1980-2020)
Authors:   Department of Accounting School of Logistics and Innovation Technology the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Elijah Adeyinka Adedeji , Deborah Adebayo ,   Department of Accounting School of Logistics and Innovation Technology the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State
Published: September 2023

Numerous research in Nigeria on the interaction effect between the exchange rate and foreign reserves have been marginalized; this has therefore informed this study to investigate the nexus between exchange rate and foreign reserves, with focus on the Nigerian economy. External reserve was used as the dependent variable, exchange rate, inflation, non-oil export, oil export, and real interest rate, were used as the independent variables. Time series data spanning 1980 to 2020 was used. The study employed the Bound Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integrating test approach for evaluation. The results showed that exchange rate have a positive and significant impact on foreign reserves. The granger causality test revealed a unidirectional causality running from exchange rate to foreign reserves. This study recommends that the government should diversify the economy to increase the productivity of other sectors of the economy; this would by implication boost the export of the country thereby leading to accumulation of huge foreign reserves.
AN EXCERPT “FROM THE FAMILY CHRONICLE” FROM O. B. KUZHELEVA’S LETTER: DOCUMENTARY MEMORIES ABOUT THE LIFE OF VLADIMIR G. ROGOZHNIKOV
Authors: Golovko G.V. , Rychkov A.L.
Published: September 2023

This the fi rst publication a letter from Olga B. Kuzheleva, granddaughter of the fi rst manager of the Magnezit plant V.G. Rogozhnikov. The letter tells about his life path in some detail on the basis of documents kept in the Rogozhnikov family. The article has the necessary reference apparatus: an introduction, comments and a list of references.
ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS DOS EXERCÍCIOS RESISTIDOS NA PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DA OSTEOARTRITE DE JOELHO EM IDOSOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Azevedo da Silva Katherine , Araujo Ribeiro Debora , Silva dos Santos Milleny , Matos da Silva Ramos Sara , Schutr Pereira Djenyfer
Published: September 2023

A osteoartrite (OA) é uma doença degenerativa das articulações que afeta principalmente idosos, causando dor, limitação funcional e perda de qualidade de vida. Diversas abordagens de tratamento estão disponíveis, incluindo fisioterapia, intervenções cirúrgicas e terapias não farmacológicas. Objetivos: O objetivo geral é realizar uma revisão sistemática para avaliar a eficácia dos tratamentos para OA de joelho em idosos, buscando melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Os objetivos específicos incluem analisar estudos sobre tratamentos disponíveis, avaliar a redução da dor, melhorar a funcionalidade, aumentar a força muscular, a qualidade de vida e a capacidade de equilíbrio e marcha dos idosos com OA de joelho. Métodos: A revisão sistemática abrangeu a pesquisa em fontes acadêmicas, como Pubmed, Scielo, PEDro, Medline e Science Direct. Resultados e Discussão: Diversas intervenções foram avaliadas, incluindo o uso de sapatos adequados, programas de reabilitação domiciliar, fisioterapia com exercícios terapêuticos e intervenções cirúrgicas, como a substituição total do joelho. A eficácia variou dependendo das estratégias e dos pacientes, mas em geral, várias intervenções mostraram-se promissoras na redução da dor e na melhoria da função. Conclusão: A OA de joelho é uma condição complexa, e a escolha do tratamento deve ser personalizada. Abordagens como o uso de sapatos adequados, programas de reabilitação domiciliar e fisioterapia com exercícios terapêuticos podem ser eficazes para muitos idosos. A substituição total do joelho é uma opção em casos graves. No entanto, é essencial uma abordagem individualizada e mais pesquisas para entender quais pacientes se beneficiariam mais de cada estratégia de tratamento.
Post-Truth Çağında Haber Medyasına Yeniden Güvenin Sorgulanması Üzerine Örnek Bir Olay İncelemesi: “Joe Biden Boşlukla Konuştu”
Authors: BOZKURT Gülsün
Published: September 2023

İnsan yaşamını önemli dokunuşlarla dönüştürme gücüne sahip olan teknoloji, farklı amaçlar için kullanılabilmektedir. Teknolojinin mahiyeti bir anlamda onu kullanan insan ve toplumların temelde neyi elde etmek istediklerine göre şekillenir. Teknolojik atılımların bir sonucu olan dijital dünya olgusu, yaşamı sosyal ağlar üzerinden yeniden inşa etmektedir. Dijitalleşmeyle birlikte yaşanan pek çok gelişme kitle iletişim araçlarının geleneksel anlamlarını da dönüştürmektedir. Teknolojinin imkanlarında herhangi bir enformasyonun kolaylıkla kamuoyunun ilgisini çekebilecek bir formda haberleştirilmesi söz konusudur. Kamuya gerçeklerin aktarılması bağlamında önemli bir unsur olan haberin, post-truth kelimesinin temsil ettiği yalan, sahte gerçeklik gibi tanımlamalarla birlikte kullanılması haber medyasına olan güveni yok etmektedir. Bu kapsamda örnek bir olay incelemesi üzerinden ABD Başkanı Joe Biden’ın katıldığı bir açılış sonrası konuşmasına ait görüntülerin pek çok haber mecrasında ele alınış biçimleri incelenmiştir. Üç aşamada ele alınan bu örnek olay yayınlandığı mecra, sunuş biçimi ve aldığı yorumlar üzerinden açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada dijitalin domine ettiği post-truth çağında zedelenen haber medyasına güvenin yeniden inşası için neler yapılabileceğinin sorgulanması amaçlanmaktadır.
Bilimsel İletişim Bağlamında “Dijital Reklamcılık” Çalışmalarının Bibliyometrik Analizi
Authors: BAŞER Emrah
Published: September 2023

ÖZ Temel yaşam pratiklerinin teknoloji odaklı geliştiği ve değiştiği günümüz koşullarında dijitalleşme kavramı her geçen gün daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Dijitalleşmenin modern bireyin yaşamında daha fazla yer etmesi tüm alanlarda dijitalleşme sürecini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Reklamcılık disiplini de dijitalleşme sürecinden payına düşeni gerek akademik yayınlarda gerek sektörel uygulamalar noktasında almaktadır. Bu bağlamda, literatür incelendiğinde son on beş yılda sürekli artış gösteren bir şekilde dijital reklamcılık konulu çalışmaların yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı “digital advertising” kavramı çerçevesinde yapılan çalışmaların bibliyometrik yöntemle incelenmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında Web of Science veri tabanında “digital advertising” sözcükleri aratılarak 205 araştırma makalesine ulaşılmıştır. Bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle analizi gerçekleştirilen verilerden elde edilen bulgular yayınların yıl, ülke, üniversite, yazar, atıf sayısı ve anahtar sözcük kullanım durumları ile ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada, WoS’ta yer alan ve araştırmaya dahil edilen 205 yayının yıllara göre dağılımı incelendiğinde 2008-2022 yılları arasında yayınların yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. En çok yayın yapılan ülke Amerika Birleşik Devletleri olurken, en çok yayın yapan üniversite ise Northwestern Universitesidir. En çok yayın yapan yazarların Johnson G.A., Lewis R.A., Truong Y. ve Zhu X olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmaya dahil olan 205 yayın içerisinden en fazla atıf alan yayınlar Bakir V., Bart Y. ve Stephan A.T.’ye ait yayınlardır. En sık tekrarlanan anahtar sözcükler incelendiğinde ise bu sözcüklerin sırasıyla “digital advertising”, “advertising”, “social media”, “facebook” ve “digital” sözcükleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dijital reklamcılık, Dijitalleşme, Reklamcılık, Bibliyometri, Bibliometrix.
Sinema Eserlerinde Eser Sahipliği ve Bağlantılı Hak Sahipliği
Authors: ERGÜNEY Merve
Published: September 2023

ÖZ

Bu çalışmanın amacı sinemada eser sahipliği ve bağlantılı hak sahipliği konusunda mevzuat bakımından ortaya çıkan sorun ve eksiklikleri pratikte ortaya çıkan sorunlarla beraber değerlendirmek ve çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. Çalışmada belgesel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda 5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu’nun, konuyla ilgili bazı yargı kararlarının incelenmesi ile bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlardan bazıları şunlardır: 12.06.1995 tarihine kadar bir sinema eserinin yapımcısı ancak 20 yıl süre ile sinema eserinden dolayı telif hakkı geliri elde edebilmekte iken, Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu’nda yapılan değişiklik ile yapımcının, filmin aleniyet tarihinden itibaren 70 yıl süre ile gelir elde edebileceği öngörülmüştür. Dolayısıyla koruma süresinin 70 yıla çıkarılmasıyla yapımcılar 50 yıl daha fazla telif hakkı geliri elde etmeye devam ederken 12.06.1995 tarihinden önce yapımına başlanan veya meydana getirilen sinema eserleri bakımından yönetmen, senaryo yazarı, özgün müzik bestecisi gibi sinema eserinde fikrî emeği olan diğer kişiler telif hakkı geliri elde edememektedir. Söz konusu hüküm gereği ortaya çıkan durumun ortadan kaldırılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu’nun 80. maddesinde bağlantılı haklara yönelik düzenleme, bağlantılı haklar ve komşu haklar kavramlarına yönelik karışıklığa yol açtığı için kanun hükmünün anlaşılmasını güçleştirmektedir. Dolayıysa bu hükmün anlaşılır hale getirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bağlantılı haklar, eser sahipliği, icracı sanatçı, sinema eseri, komşu haklar.
Günümüz Kitle İdollerinin Kendilerini Sunma Tarzları: Instagram ve Twitter Örneklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZCAN S. Yankı
Published: September 2023

Lowenthal, kitle idollerinin biyografilerinin değişiminin nasıl bir yönde seyrettiği ve ortaya konulan dönüşümün toplumsal ya da ekonomik değişimlerle ilişkisinin olup olmadığını açığa kavuşturmaya çalışmıştır. Lowenthal'in kitle idolleri hakkındaki çalışmaları, 21. yüzyılda da etkisini sürdürecek bir potansiyele sahiptir. Lowenthal’in izlediği çerçevenin temel alındığı bu çalışmada Türkiye merkezli sosyal medya platformlarındaki kitle idolleri bağlamında bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Instagram ve Twitter gibi sosyal medya platformlarında yer alan kitle idollerinin konumunun ortaya çıkarılması araştırma konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki amaç, günümüz Türkiye’sinde sosyal medya platformlarında yer alan kitle idollerinin kendini sunma tarzlarının nasıl gerçekleştiği ve ne tür bir ekonomik model ortaya koyduklarıdır. Çalışmada Türkiye’de 14-64 yaş arasında kullanımı en çok tercih edilen sosyal ağ platformlarından olan Instagram ve Twitter tercih edilmiştir. Takipçi sayısı baz alınarak Türkiye merkezli ilk 100 bireysel Instagram ve Twitter hesapları içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Kitle idolleri olarak isimlendirilen kişilerin mesleklerinin ağırlıklı bir biçimde tüketim kategorisinde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. İncelenen hesaplardaki ünlülük, birinin desteği ile değil kişilerin kendi çabalarıyla elde edilmiştir ve girişimcilik ruhu ön plana çıkarılmıştır. Günümüz kitle idollerinin toplumsal yapının ekonomik koşullarını yansıttığı görünürdür. Emek piyasasında artan riskler beraberinde emek giderek bireyselleşmiştir. Söz konusu bireysellik hem kitlesel anlamdaki tüketim nesneleri hem de kendi kendilerinin üreticileri de olduklarını açığa çıkarmıştır.
Chopped Areca Nut Fibers as Filler in Epoxy Matrix: Mechanical and Tribological Studies
Authors: Sankarathil Aju Jo , Rosari Raja , Joseph Vijay Santhiyagu , Jannet Sabitha , Mathew Aswathy Ann
Published: September 2023

In the current investigation, fibers extracted from the areca nut tree husk were either used unprocessed or processed with an alkaline treatment by being submerged in a 5 % sodium hydroxide solution. The average length of the areca fibers used in this work is 30 mm. Compression molding is used to create the composite out of an epoxy matrix with fibers added at 10, 15, 20 and 25 weight percent. The composites were tested for tensile strength, flexural modulus, Charpy impact, and shore D hardness, all of which showed the significant advantage acquired with quantity of fibers and fiber treatment. Pin on disc tribometer was used to conduct tribological tests on the treated fiber composites to analyse how the fiber-matrix bonding improved with an increase in fiber content. The primary shortcoming of the fibers is their relatively low elongation, which, even after treatment, hardly approaches 4 %. This indicates that the fibers are not uniform in length and prevents direct comparison to comparable composites containing a similar volume and length of natural fibers. The mechanical qualities of materials made with alkali treated chopped areca fibers where found to be enhanced when it was at 20 % volume fraction. A linear increment in values where observed in samples till 20 % volume fraction and a decrement with further increase in volume fraction. In the case of tribological evaluations, lesser values or wears were obtained at combination III for all the 3 loads, 10N, 15N and 20N.
HIGHLIGHTS

Three different amounts of fibers, namely 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt%, have been introduced in an epoxy matrix, fabricating the composite by compression molding.
The composites were subjected to tensile, flexural, Charpy impact and Shore D hardness testing, which all demonstrated the considerable advantage obtained with quantity of fibers and fiber treatment, except in the case of hardness, where limited advantages were encountered.
Also wear tests were carried out on treated fiber composites and surface morphology of the worn-out samples was studies, which demonstrated the improvement in fiber-matrix bonding obtained with the growing amounts of fibers.
From the results on composites testing, it is evident that the areca nut husk fiber/epoxy polymer composites with an amount of short (30 mm length) random reinforcement introduced of 20 wt%, exhibits the highest peak mechanical properties among all the calculated properties.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Post-traumatic growth in oncological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lafuenti Letizia , Dinapoli Loredana , Mastrilli Ludovica , Savoia Vezio , Linardos Marinella , Masetti Riccardo , Tortora Giampaolo , Valentini Vincenzo , Scambia Giovanni , Chieffo Daniela P. R.
Published: September 2023

Background

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is defined as “positive psychological change experienced as a result of the struggle with high-ly challenging life circumstances”. Diagnosis of cancer leads to many psychological challenges. The recent pandemic forced oncological patients to face other multiple stressors. Resilience is a target of interest for PTG. The aim of this study is to analyze relationships between cancer trauma, COVID-19 pandemic stress, PTG and resilience over time.

Participants and procedure

One hundred forty-six patients (124 females, 22 males) in active oncological treatment were enrolled from September 2020: 45.2% (n = 66) diagnosed with gynecological cancer, 23.3% (n = 34) with breast cancer, 15.1% (n = 22) with lung cancer, 16.5% (n = 24) with other cancers. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study on oncological patients evaluated at: diag-nosis (T0), 6 (T1) and 12 months (T2) by means of the following self-administered tests: Distress Thermometer (DT), Hospi-tal Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).

Results

DT decreased over time (T0 vs. T2, p < .001). HADS decreased from T0 to T2 (p < .001). The PTG subscales regarding new possibilities and appreciating life improved comparing T0 vs. T2 (p = .029; p = .013), as well as the total index of PTG (p = .027). The IES avoidance subscale score decreased over time (T0 vs. T1, p = .035).

Conclusions

For some patients, the cancer experience is characterized not only by psychological distress but also by the presence and growth of positive aspects, such as the tendency to positively reconsider the value and importance of life, health and social relationships.
Improving the Students’ Speaking Ability by Using Suggestopedia Method at the Eighth Grade of SMP Negeri 1 Mandrehe in 2022/2023
Authors: Dawolo Ardianus , Maru’ao Nursayani , Harefa Hasrat Sozanolo , Zebua Okniel
Published: September 2023

Speaking ability is one of the ability to produce language in English learning. There are some problems that students faced when speaking, namely: lack of vocabulary, difficulty in conveying their ideas, rarely to speak, incorrect pronunciation, and the strategy that used by the teacher that monotous and bored. These problems could solve by using suggestopedia method. This research aimed to improve the students’ speaking ability by using suggestopedia method at the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 1 Mandrehe in 2022/2023. The researcher conducted this research by using Classroom Action Research (CAR). Instrument of the research were observation sheets, field notes and oral test. In Cycle I, the average percentage of the researcher's completed activities was 80% (good), and the percentage of the students' completed activities was 64,50% (enough). In this cycle, the students could not achieve the Minimum Competence Criterion (MCC) of 70, students' average score was 54 (less). All the students scored ? 70, with the highest score was 80 and the lowest score was 30. Furthermore, in Cycle II, the average percentage of the researcher's completed activities was 96% (excellent), and the students' completed activities was 89,50% (excellent). In this cycle, the students had achieved the Minimum Competence Criterion (MCC) of 70, the students' average score was 79 (good). None of the students scored ? 70, with the highest score was 90 and the lowest score was 65. Based on the results of this research, the researcher concluded that Suggestopedia Method could improve the students' speaking ability at the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 1 Mandrehe  in 2022/2023.
A Novel About Color
Authors: Stepanian E. V.
Published: September 2023

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Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Phoenix dactylifera and their anti-microbial potentiality – An in vitro study
Authors: Evanjelin P. Jency , Maheswari T. N. Uma , S. Pillai Devika , S. Rajeshkuamar
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim:  The consumption of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit holds a widespread presence globally and holds notable importance in the diets of various Arabian nations. The adoption of green synthesis for nanoparticle production presents multiple advantages over conventional physio-chemical methods. Furthermore, these nanoparticles have found diverse applications within the medical field. In light of this, the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using extracts from Phoenix dactylifera (dates) was undertaken. The primary objective of this research was to employ a biosynthesis approach for the creation of zinc oxide nanoparticles utilizing extracts from Phoenix dactylifera (Mabroom dates), and subsequently assessing their potential antimicrobial efficacy.
 
Materials and Methods: In the present study, the Dates extract and zinc sulphate solution was mixed and centrifuged to synthesise zinc oxide nanoparticles. Characterization was assessed using visual identification and UV visual spectrometry analysis. The anti-bacterial activity was analyzed in Mueller Hinton agar against the                 S. mutans pathogen, whereas anti-fungal activity was analyzed in Rose Bengal agar against the  C. albicans pathogen to rule out the zone of inhibition.
 
Results: UV-Visible spectrophotometric spectra acquired after 40 hours of incubation revealed an absorption peak at 275 nm, indicating the existence of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The assessment of antibacterial activity against                S. mutans exhibited heightened efficacy with 100 µl of dates and ZnO nanoparticles, demonstrating stronger antibacterial effects. Similarly, the evaluation of antifungal activity against C. albicans displayed robust antifungal potency with 100 µl of dates and ZnO nanoparticles.
 
Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using dates exhibited potent anti-microbial activity and thus future clinical trials can use this for Oral potentially malignant disorders such as candidal leukoplakia, erosive lichen planus etc.
Impact on approach of ICU staff towards ventilator care bundles and infection control practices in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jakhar Fiza , Rao Pooja , Shenoy Suchitra
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) infections have high morbidity and mortality. The bundle care therapy for insertion and maintenance can prevent VAP effectively. Crucial steps being mouth care with Chlorhexidine and subglottic aspiration to prevent VAP. This study focuses on the attitude of ICU health care staff towards the implementation of the ventilator care bundle. 
 
Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive and observational cross-sectional study using a structured self-administered questionnaire without any intervention, ascertained 150 Health care staff members of ICU around the clock. The analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
 
Results: This study showed elevation of head in semi-recumbent position to have the highest acceptance frequency of 127 (84.7%) study participants. While implementation of spontaneous breathing trials had the lowest acceptance frequency of 74(49.4%) study participants. Most of the study participants have a general understanding of the steps to be taken for VAP prevention however only 39 study participants (26%) are sufficiently familiar with all the measures included in ventilator bundles when executed together are more efficient than if implemented individually.
 
Conclusion: Due to this negative psychological attitude of ICU staff towards the implementation of the guidelines provided to them, the risk of VAP is ever-increasing suggesting a strict need for more training and education with responsibility towards improving the infection control practices on healthcare workers.
Relationship Between Craniocervical Posture and Vertical Face Pattern in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion
Authors: Sikandar Saba , Ahmad Chaudhry Naseer , Imran Rahbar Muhammad , Riaz Asim , Mohsin Kamal Muhammad , Ali Farhan
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the cervical inclination and craniocervical posture (CCP) in a sample of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with different vertical patterns among adult population in Lahore. Methods: A total of 70 adult skeletal Class II division 1 cases (ANB0 > 4) with Dental Class II malocclusion (molar relation half cusp or full cusp Class II) and Overjet > 5mm, were enrolled in this study. Clinical examination and lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position were traced to classify the malocclusion, determine vertical pattern and evaluation of craniocervical posture Results: Results of the study showed that extended craniocervical posture (forward cervical inclination with backward head rotation) was found in 47.1 % of the study group and was significantly correlated to the vertical pattern of the face (r = 0.496, p =0.000). This indicated that the CCP is not only related to sagittal craniofacial relations but also vertical pattern of the face and as the vertical pattern of face increased the cervical spine inclined forward and the head rotated backwards on spine. Flexed head posture was found to be the least prevalent. Subjects with high vertical pattern of facial development had extended CCP whereas subjects with normal vertical pattern mainly had normal CCP Conclusion: Results of this study suggest a significant relationship between Type of malocclusion and craniocervical posture. There was a moderately strong relationship between vertical pattern of the patient and cervical inclination and craniocervical posture which was highly significant.
Learning Management for Children with Special Needs at Ya Bunayya Kindergarten Sambas District
Authors: Dewi Novi Cahya , Amer Mohammad Ahmad Bani
Published: September 2023

This research aims to describe learning management for children with special needs at YA Bunayya Kindergarten, Sambas Regency. Apart from that, this research also aims to determine learning planning for children with special needs at YA BUNAYYA Kindergarten, Sambas Regency, the implementation of inclusive education. The method used in this research is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach with a case study design based on Ley Kekeh Marthan's theory. Data collection was carried out through interview techniques, observation. Observations were carried out to determine phenomena related to managing learning in the classroom starting from preliminary activities to final activities. The results of the research illustrate how learning for children with Down syndrome is carried out individually, which is adjusted to the child's level of ability and development. The documents collected function as supporting data.

Keywords: Learning Management, Children Learning Management, Children Special Need
Antropoceno e mudança do clima na geopolítica do século XXI
Authors: Pimenta Gabriel Fernandes , Teixeira Rodrigo Corrêa , Nascimento Victor De Matos
Published: September 2023

As relações entre os seres humanos e o meio ambiente têm sido uma importante preocupação para a geografia. Antropoceno é um conceito que tem se popularizado e que dialoga com essa discussão. O objetivo deste artigo é contextualizar esse debate na geopolítica global contemporânea, para compreender a forma com Estados-soberanos interagem sob a égide dessa Era geológica. Observa-se que a ciência por trás do Antropoceno alerta para as limitações das configurações geopolíticas contemporâneas, uma vez que a mudança do clima afeta a geopolítica e só pode ser solucionada por meio de ações cooperativas que reconheçam o lugar das ações antrópicas na relação com o meio ambiente.
Um balanço da Unasul no lusco-fusco da atual fase do regionalismo latino-americano e caribenho
Authors: Vitte Claudete De Castro Silva
Published: September 2023

: Estudar as organizações regionais latino-americanas e caribenhas, observando peculiaridades e similaridades, nos auxilia a calibrar a compreensão do contexto geopolítico e geoeconômico, o alcance dessa integração regional, seus logros e malogros. Este trabalho constitui-se em um esforço de síntese e análise, um trabalho de revisão e atualização sobre a organização regional  Unasul, criada em 2008. O estudo envolveu um levantamento e revisão teórico-bibliográfica e histórico-analítica acerca do tema Unasul e do regionalismo latino-americano e caribenho, no qual se buscou interpretações novas ou complementares, com adoção de dados e informações de fontes secundárias. O artigo está dividido em cinco partes. A primeira parte tratou sobre o Regionalismo Latino-Americano e caribenho e o discurso do desenvolvmento: antecedentes, contexto geoeconômico e as principais etapas da integração regional nos séculos XX e XXI. Na segunda seção foi discutida a União das Nações Sul-Americanas (Unasul): seu surgimento, objetivos e temas relevantes de sua agenda. Na terceira parte foi analisada a busca da afirmação de um papel político e algumas controvérsias na institucionalidade da Unasul; seguida de uma quarta parte na qual foram feitas breves notas sobre o papel do Brasil na Unasul e na quinta e última parte discutimos o colapso da Unasul e a criação do Prosul, finalizando com as nossas considerações finais.  Esperamos contribuir no entendimento sobre processos de integração regional latino-americanos e caribenhos, a partir do caso unasulino, bem como do contexto geopolítico e geoeconômico do final do século XX e XXI.
Expediente da edição n.º20, 2022
Authors: Editorial Comitê
Published: September 2023

Publicação de expediente da edição n20, jan/jun de 2022 da revista contientes onde conta a Capa, conselho editorial, comite gestor, comitê ad hoc e autoridades gestoras da UFRRJ a qual a revista continentes está subordinada.
Editorial: Dossiê Geografias em Persepctivas Negras
Authors: Guimarães Geny , Alves Aline Neves Rodrigues , Silva Adriana Carvalho , Miranda Eduardo Oliveria
Published: September 2023

editorial
The Future of Logistics: A Literature Review of Digitalization Trends
Authors: VERDES Catalin-Alexandru , MIRONESCU Alexandra-Andreea
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to conduct a literature review on the impact of digitalization trends on logistics and its forthcoming developments. In order to perform the literature review, the PRISMA 2020 flowchart was used to select representative articles on this topic published in the Scopus database, aiming to identify emerging trends, challenges and opportunities in logistics.
НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИДЕЯ И ГАЗЕТА«АК ЖОЛ»
Authors: Дюсембаева Ж.
Published: September 2023

Мақалада «ұлттықидея» және «мемлекеттік идея» ұғымдары қатар қолданылады. Осы екі ұғымның арақатынасы нақтылауды қажет етеді. Көпұлтты болып қалыптасқан Ресей сияқты елдерде ұлттық идея дегеніміз этникалық мағынаны білдірмейді. Ал моноұлттық болып қалыптасқан қазақ қоғамы үшін «ұлттық идея» мемлекет қалыптастырушы қазақ ұлтының мүддесіне барынша жақын. Бұл жағдай, әсіресе, ХХ ғ. бас кезіндегі қазақ ұлттық бірегейлігінің орнығуы кезеңіне тән болатын. Түркістан Республикасында Орталық биліктің баспасөз органы болып жарық көрген (1920-1925 жж.) «Ақ жол» газеті ұлттық идеяны насихаттаушы ғана емес, оны қалыптастырушышылық қызметін де атқарған еді. Мақала осы тарихи құбылысқа баға беруге арналады.Кеңестік билік кезеңінде қалыптасқан көпэтностық қауымдастық бұл ұғымға жаңа мазмұн беріп, қазіргі кезеңде ұлттық идея ұғымы мемлекеттік идеяға ұласты Тар этникалық ауқымнан шығып, әлеуметтік-мәдени мәнге ие болды.

The article uses the concepts of "national idea"and "state idea" in parallel. The relationship of these two concepts requires clarification. In countries such as multinational Russia, a national idea does not mean an ethnic one. And for a mono-national Kazakh society, the "National Idea" is as close aspossible to the interests of the national-state Kazakh nation. This was especially characteristic of the period of formation of the Kazakh national identity in the early twentieth century. It was published in the Republic of Turkestan as a printing organ of the central government (1920-1925).) The newspaper "Ak Zhol" worked not only as a propagandist of the national idea, but also as its shaper. The article will be devoted to the assessment of this historical phenomenon.The polyethnic community that developed during the Soviet period gave this concept a new content, and at the present stage the concept of the national idea has emerged from a narrow ethnic range and acquired socio-cultural significance.

В статье параллельно используются понятия «национальная идея»и «государственная идея». Соотношение этих двух понятий требует уточнения. В таких странах, как многонациональная Россия, национальная идея не означает этническую. А для мононационального казахского общества «Национальная идея» максимально приближена к интересам национально-государственной казахской нации. Особенно это было характерно для периода становления казахской национальной идентичности в начале ХХ в. Издан в республике Туркестан как печатный орган центральной власти (1920-1925 гг.) Газета "Ак жол" работала не только пропагандистом национальной идеи, но и ее формирователем. Статья будет посвящена оценке этого исторического явления.Сложившаяся в период советской власти полиэтническая общность придала этому понятию новое содержание, а на современном этапе понятие национальной идеи вышло из узкого этнического диапазона и приобрело социокультурное значение.
Traceable and continuous flow calibration method for gaseous elemental mercury at low ambient concentrations
Authors: Andron Teodor D. , Corns Warren T. , Živković Igor , Ali Saeed W. , Vijayakumaran Nair Sreekanth , Horvat Milena
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The monitoring of low gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations in the atmosphere requires continuous high-resolution measurements and corresponding calibration capabilities. Currently, continuous calibration for GEM is still an issue at ambient concentrations (1–2 ng m−3). This paper presents a continuous flow calibration for GEM, traceable to NIST 3133 Standard Reference Material (SRM). This calibration approach was tested using a direct mercury analyser based on atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction (Zeeman AAS). The produced continuous flow of GEM standard was obtained through reduction of Hg2+ from liquid SRM NIST 3133 and used for traceable calibration of Zeeman AAS. Measurements of atmospheric GEM using the calibrated Zeeman AAS were compared with two methods: manual gold amalgamation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) calibrated with the chemical reduction of NIST 3133 and automated gold amalgamation AFS calibrated using the mercury bell-jar syringe technique. The comparisons showed that factory-calibrated Zeeman AAS underestimates concentrations under 10 ng m−3 by up to 35 % relative to the two other methods of determination. However, when a calibration based on SRM NIST 3133 was used to perform a traceable calibration of Zeeman AAS, the results were more comparable with other methods. The expanded relative combined uncertainty for Zeeman AAS ranged from 8 % for measurements at the 40 ng m−3 level to 91.6 % for concentrations under 5 ng m−3 using the newly developed calibration system. High uncertainty for measurements performed under 5 ng m−3 was due mainly to instrument noise and concentration variation in the samples.
Performance characterization of a laminar gas-inlet
Authors: Yang Da , Reza Margarita , Mauldin Roy , Volkamer Rainer , Dhaniyala Suresh
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Aircraft-based measurements enable large-scale characterization of gas-phase atmospheric composition, but these measurements are complicated by the challenges of sampling from high-speed flow. Under such sampling conditions, the sample flow will likely experience turbulence, accelerating | mixing of potential contamination of the gas-phase from the condensed-phase components on walls and reduced vapor transmission due to losses to the inner walls of the sampling line. While a significant amount of research has gone into understanding aerosol sampling efficiency for aircraft inlets, a similar research investment has not been made for gas sampling. Here, we analyze the performance of a forward-facing laminar flow gas inlet to establish its performance as a function of operating conditions, including ambient pressure, freestream velocities, and sampling conditions. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling we simulate flow inside and outside the inlet to determine the extent of freestream turbulent interaction with the sample flow and its implication for gas sample transport. The CFD results of flow features in the inlet are compared against measurements of air speed and turbulent intensity from full-sized high-speed wind-tunnel experiments. These comparisons suggest that the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) CFD simulations using the Shear Stress Transport (SST) modeling approach provide the most reasonable prediction of the turbulence characteristics of the inlet.
Ocean models as shallow sea oxygen deficiency assessment tools: from research to practical application
Authors: Piehl Sarah , Friedland René , Neumann Thomas , Schernewski Gerald
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Oxygen is a key indicator of ecosystem health and part of environmental assessments used as a tool to achieve a healthy ocean. Oxygen assessments are mostly based on monitoring data that are spatially and temporally limited, although monitoring efforts have increased. This leads to an incomplete understanding of the current state and ongoing trends of the oxygen situation in the oceans. Ocean models can be used to overcome spatial and temporal limitations and provide high-resolution 3D oxygen data but are rarely used for policy-relevant assessments. In the Baltic Sea where environmental assessments have a long history and which is known for the world’s largest permanent hypoxic areas, ocean models are not routinely used for oxygen assessments. Especially for the increasingly observed seasonal oxygen deficiency in its shallower parts, current approaches cannot adequately reflect the high spatio-temporal dynamics. To develop a suitable shallow water oxygen deficiency assessment method for the western Baltic Sea, we evaluated first the benefits of a refined model resolution. Secondly, we integrated model results and observations by a retrospective fitting of the model data to the measured data using several correction functions as well as a correction factor. Despite its capability to reduce the model error, none of the retrospective correction functions applied led to consistent improvements. One reason is probably the heterogeneity of the used measurement data, which are not consistent in their temporal and vertical resolution. Using the Arkona Basin as an example, we show a potential future approach where only high temporal and/or vertical resolution station data is integrated with model data to provide a reliable and ecologically relevant assessment of oxygen depletion with a high degree of confidence and transparency. By doing so we further aim to demonstrate strengths and limitations of ocean models and to assess their applicability for policy-relevant environmental assessments.
The uncertainties in the laboratory-measured short-wave refractive indices of mineral dust aerosols and the derived optical properties: A theoretical assessment
Authors: Kong Senyi , Wang Zheng , Bi Lei
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Mineral dust particles are typically nonspherical and inhomogeneous; however, they are often simplified as homogeneous spherical particles for retrieving the refractive indices from laboratory measurements of scattering and absorption coefficients. This study theoretically investigated uncertainties in refractive indices and corresponding optical properties resulting from this simplification at various sizes within the wavelength range of 355 to 1064 nm. Different numerical experiments were conducted under both ideal and realistic scenarios, taking into account instrumental bias in the realistic scenarios. In the numerical experiments, the inhomogeneous super-spheroid models were considered as the dust samples, while the homogeneous super-spheroid models and sphere models were used to retrieve the refractive indices. Under the ideal scenario, the look-up tables for the homogeneous super-spheroid models satisfactorily covered the measurements at any size and wavelength, while those for the sphere models failed when considering large sizes. Under the realistic scenario, both the homogeneous super-spheroid models and sphere models were ineffective for large sizes due to discrepancies in size distribution resulting from the measurements using an optical particle counter. Nevertheless, it was possible to retrieve the imaginary parts of the refractive indices based solely on the absorption coefficients. The imaginary parts obtained from the sphere models were generally consistent with those from the super-spheroid models under ideal conditions, while the former was significantly smaller than the latter under the realistic conditions. In addition, the retrieved imaginary parts were found to be size-dependent, which could be attributed to the inherent limitations of homogeneous models in characterizing inhomogeneous particles. Results showed that the uncertainties in the imaginary part and single scattering albedo should be smaller than 0.002 (0.0007) and 0.03 (0.01), respectively, under conditions of high (low) absorption. The sphere models tended to overestimate the asymmetry factor. The uncertainty in the asymmetry factor exhibited a significant variation, reaching up to 0.04 or even larger. Nonetheless, the uncertainties in the phase matrices resulting from the uncertainties in refractive indices were generally acceptable within a specific model.