bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comunicação de notícias difíceis: percepção de médicos que atuam em oncologia
Authors: Silva Alexandre Ernesto , Sousa Paulo Alves , Ribeiro Renato Ferreira
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: conhecer a prática de médicos que atuam em oncologia na comunicação de notícias difíceis, identificando estratégias e

dificuldades em realizá-la. Método: qualitativo descritivo, realizada com quinze médicos que atuam em oncologia. Os dados foram

coletados por meio de entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado elaborado pelos autores. Resultados: notou-se que,

paradoxalmente ao contexto da humanização na atenção à saúde, o processo de ensino e aprendizagem tem desprezado pilares da

atenção humanizada. Notou-se a insipiência do conhecimento sobre comunicação de notícias difíceis juntamente com a carência

de disciplinas que abordam o tema durante a graduação médica. Conclusão: para o enfrentamento de situações adversas como a

comunicação de notícias difíceis não existe uma capacitação apta a resolver totalmente os sentimentos negativos envolvidos nesse

processo. Reafirma-se a necessidade da implantação de estratégias educacionais que caminhem em direção a uma formação

médica sincronizada com o processo de humanização da assistência à saúde e com os fatores psicossociais que envolvem o tema da

morte
Introducción
Authors: Alvar Nuño Antón , González-Rodríguez Mª Cruz
Published: June 2018

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La religión en las sociedades iberas: una visión panorámica
Authors: Grau Mira Ignasi , Rueda Galán Carmen
Published: June 2018

Resumen: En este trabajo realizamos una revisión de los principales aspectos de la religión entre las sociedades iberas. Las poblaciones que ocuparon la franja mediterránea y el sur peninsular entre los s. VI y I a.n.e. desarrollaron un complejo sistema religioso y de prácticas rituales que reconocemos principalmente a partir de la investigación arqueológica. De forma general, explicaremos algunas de las principales cuestiones de los estudios sobre la religión ibera, para presentar un estado de la cuestión actualizada y las problemáticas de estudio.Palabras clave: Sociedades Iberas, religión, prácticas rituales, ideología.Abstract: In this paper, we review the main aspects of religión among Iberian societies. The peoples who occupied the Mediterranean coast and the southern Iberian Peninsula between the 6th and the 1st centuries B.C. developed complex religious systems and ritual practices that we recognize mainly from archaeological research. This paper explains some of the main aspects of the studies on the Iberian religion and presents the state of the art and current issues in religious studies.Key words: Iberian Iron Age societies, religión, ritual practices, ideology.
De la constatación testimonial a la Agency. Para una historiografía de la recepción de Mater Magna y Atis en Hispania
Authors: Pañeda Murcia Beatriz , Alvar Ezquerra Jaime
Published: June 2018

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se realiza un repaso crítico de la actividad investigadora sobre los cultos de Mater Magna y Atis en Hispania, desde principios del siglo XX hasta nuestros días, centrando la atención en sus procesos de implantación y en sus agentes introductores en la Península. Frente al afán catalográfico de la documentación y la hermenéutica cumontiana de los cultos “orientales” dominantes en la historiografía, se propone abordar dichas cuestiones desde la perspectiva de las nuevas corrientes teóricas de la individualisation y la agency. De acuerdo con estas se lleva a cabo una relectura de los epígrafes metróacos más antiguos de la Península.Palabras clave: Emperador Augusto, Historiografía española, Historia de Roma, siglo XIX.Abstract: This paper critically reviews research into the cults of Mater Magna and Attis in Hispania, from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day, focusing on the processes underlying their establishment and on the agents that introduced them into the Iberian Peninsula. In contrast to the eager document collection and the Cumontian hermeneutics of the ‘oriental’ cults that have dominated historiography, the research questions posed here are tackled from the perspective of the new theoretical trends of individualization and agency. In concert with these, a new reading of the most ancient Metroac inscriptions from the the Iberian Peninsula is suggested.Key words: Emperor Augustus, Spanish historiography, history of Rome, 19th century.
Los estudios sobre magia en Hispania romana desde el cambio de era (2000-2016)
Authors: Alvar Nuño Antón
Published: June 2018

Resumen: Se revisan en este artículo las tendencias interpretativas que ha habido en los estudios sobre magia en la Península Ibérica en las últimas décadas. Si bien hubo un interés germinal en estas cuestiones durante los años 60, la atención hacia las cuestiones relacionadas con la magia en Hispania eclosionó en los años 80. Aún hay cierta tendencia a plantear la magia como una forma de religiosidad popular o como una forma de enfrentamiento al orden establecido pero, en términos generales, la interpretación de las fuentes está siguiendo caminos similares al panorama internacional, marcado desde los años 90 por la ruptura de la diferenciación tacita entre magia y religión.Palabras clave: Defixiones, Cultura popular, filacterias, Begriffsgeschichte, Resistencia, Poder Ritual.Abstract: This paper analyses the interpretative trends of recent decades in the study of magic in the Iberian Peninsula. Although early interest in the topic hatched during the 1960s, the  study of magic in Hispania did not become fully fledged until the 1980s. Today there is still a certain tendency towards the interpretation of magic as a form of popular religiosity or as a deviation from the established order, but generally speaking the current interpretation of the sources from Hispania now follows the track originating with the 1990s paradigm-shift, where magic is no longer considered tacitly different to religion.Key words: Defixiones, Popular Culture, Phylacteries, Begriffsgeschichte, Resistance, Ritual Power.
La religiosidad de las mujeres hispanorromanas
Authors: Molina Torres Mª Pilar
Published: June 2018

Resumen: En este trabajo se recogen las distintas líneas de investigación y el estado de la cuestión en torno a las devociones y usos religiosos de las mujeres hispanorromanas. Las líneas generales acerca de la religiosidad de las mujeres de Hispania se han centrado en tres corrientes historiográficas diferenciadas: en primer lugar, la historiografía de género en torno a la Historia de las Mujeres en la Antigüedad; en segundo lugar, la investigación de las creencias de la devota privada, desatendida en gran parte por el interés que suscitan las aristocracias municipales de Hispania, y por ultimo las aportaciones bibliográficas destinadas al ambiente religioso femenino en un espacio público.Palabras clave: Mujeres, Genero, Historiografía, Epigrafía, Hispania.Abstract: This paper illustrates the different lines of research taken and the state of the art concerning the devotions and religious conduct of Hispano- Roman women. In general, the lines regarding the religiosity of women in Hispania have centered on three different historiographical currents: first, the historiography of gender in the History of Women in Antiquity; secondly, the research into the beliefs of the private devout, which were mainly neglected given the interest they aroused among the municipal aristocrats of Hispania, and finally the numerous bibliographical contributions dedicated to the feminine religious environment in public spaces.Key words: Women, Gender, Historiography, Epigraphy, Hispania.
La historia militar: más allá de la descripción del acontecimiento. El ejemplo de la frontera luso-extremeña en el contexto de la Guerra de Sucesión de 1475
Authors: Rodríguez Casillas Carlos J.
Published: June 2018

Resumen: Aunque en las ultimas décadas la historia militar ha logrado evolucionar y diversificar sus objetivos de análisis, todavía son muchos los estudiosos que identifican esta disciplina con el estudio del armamento y la narración de las batallas. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es poner de relieve la importancia que tiene la historia militar como herramienta de análisis con la que poder comprender los fundamentos sociales y económicos de una determinada época. Para ello, nos serviremos del estudio de las campanas que tuvieron lugar en la frontera castellano-portuguesa en el contexto de la Guerra de Sucesión de 1475.Palabras clave: Guerra, historia militar, historiografía.Abstract: Although military history has managed to develop and diversify its areas of analysis over the past few decades, there are still many researchers who identify this discipline with the study of weaponry and description of battles. The aim of this project is therefore to highlight the importance of military history as a tool for analysis, which can be used to understand the social and economic foundations of any given era. To bear this out, we analyse campaigns on the Castilian-Portuguese border during the War of Succession of 1475.Key words: War, military history, historiography.
Sagunto y Numancia como exempla históricos en la oratoria parlamentaria de la España liberal (1868–1939)
Authors: Castillo Pepa
Published: June 2018

Resumen: En el s. XIX España necesitaba consolidar su identidad nacional y para ello era necesario fijar los rasgos que definían el carácter y temperamento de la raza española. En este contexto, personajes y gestas del pasado remoto de España eran los que mejor podían reflejar la idiosincrasia de la emergente nación. Una de esas gestas fue la que protagonizaron los habitantes de Sagunto y de Numancia, dos ciudades que simbolizaban la lucha heroica de todo un pueblo por su libertad e independencia. En este artículo se analiza el uso que se hace de Sagunto y Numancia en los discursos que se pronunciaron en el Congreso de los Diputados desde la Revolución de 1868 hasta el 2 de febrero de 1939, última reunión de las Cortes en territorio español.Palabras clave: Sagunto, Numancia, Oratoria política, Exempla históricos.Abstract: In the 19th century, Spain sought to consolidate its national identity. To bear this out, it had to fix the traits that defined the character and temperament of the Spanish people. In this context, what best reflected the idiosyncrasy of the emerging nation were the personalities and the heroic feats of the remote past of Spain. Such was the case of the deeds carried out by the inhabitants of Sagun tum and Numantia, two cities which symbolized the heroic struggle of a people for their freedom and independence. This paper analyses the use of Saguntum and Numantia as historic exempla in the speeches delivered to the Congress of Deputies between the Glorious Revolution of 1868 and 2 February 1939, the day the courts met in Spanish territory for the last time.Key words: Saguntum, Numantia, Political oratory, Historic exempla.
Comunicación Social e “Historia Oral”: por un método integrador para la Historia de la Prensa
Authors: Cabal Tejada Rubén
Published: June 2018

Resumen: La Historia de la Prensa, enmarcada en una historia de la Comunicación Social más amplia, ha pivotado entre las propuestas teóricas y metodológicas de la historiografía y las propias de la comunicología, llegando incluso a plantearse una ruptura disciplinar entre estas dos perspectivas. En este texto se pretende aportar una reflexión sobre la posibilidad de encuentro entre ambas posturas a partir de un me todo común, basado en los presupuestos defendidos desde la Historia Oral. Más allá de otras consideraciones se propone a partir de una reflexión acotada a una práctica concreta, valorando cuestiones como el hándicap del a posteriori o la influencia de la (auto)representación del entrevistador sobre las fuentes orales, la pertinencia de asumir una metodología integradora en este campo.Palabras clave: Metodología, Historia Oral, Historia de la Prensa, Periodismo.Abstract: The History of the Written Press, or more broadly Media History, has been influenced by theoretical and methodological approaches both from Media Studies and History. But there are some voices that do not consider this positively and call for alternatives. In this paper, we propose a shared methodology based on Oral History. Issues such as the influence of the present or the role of the interviewer regarding oral sources are taken up so as to explore a more comprehensive method for this field.Key words: Methodology, Oral History, Media History, Journalism.
El almacén de la Historia. Reflexiones historiográficas
Authors: Castellanos Santiago
Published: June 2018

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Compleições físicas e estereótipos: perspectivas de graduandos de educação física
Authors: Luchesi Felipe Del Mando , Caramaschi Sandro
Published: June 2018

A intenção deste trabalho foi investigar a existência de estereótipos relacionados à aparência corporal. Utilizou-se um questionário que apresentava 62 características de temperamento ou personalidade e solicitou-se aos participantes que relacionassem cada característica a três tipos de constituição biotipológica: endomórfico (acima do peso ideal), ectomórfico (abaixo do peso ideal) e mesomórfico (peso adequado). Os três biotipos foram apresentados na forma de sombras, em vista frontal e de perfil. Participaram graduandos de ambos os sexos do curso de Educação Física da UNESP, Campus de Bauru. A análise estatística dos dados demonstrou forte predominância na atribuição da maioria das características a determinados tipos de compleição corporal. Tais resultados evidenciam a existência de estereótipos na amostragem pesquisada.
A prática esportiva e atividade física podem educar pessoas atrás das grades?
Authors: Ferretti Marco Antônio de Carvalho , Knijnik Jorge Dorfman
Published: June 2018

O esporte e a atividade física são vistos formas de criar uma pessoa saudável nos aspectos físicos e psicológicos, através da educação de valores considerados positivos pela sociedade. Sendo o esporte e atividade física fossem capazes disso, supondo-se que ambos poderiam ser ferramentas da Educação Física (EF) para recuperar presos e auxiliarem a reinserção na sociedade. Este trabalho entrevistou 3 ex-detentos através de um grupo focal para identificar a possibilidade de se educar pela EF e o ambiente em que a EF pode ser introduzida. Porém o esporte e a atividade física são apenas ferramentas e para se obter os resultados desejados devem ser bem manuseadas, mas devido a forma como o sistema prisional esta organizado a EF ficaria emperrada na tentativa de atingir os seus objetivos e a prática esportiva que ocorre atrás das grades reflete o ambiente que o cerca.
Os benefícios da atividade física regular para pessoas com obesidade
Authors: Santos Bruno Viviani dos , Santos Monique Nascimento dos , Maia Horatius Pereira
Published: June 2018

A obesidade é uma doença que associada a outras e ao crescente número entre a população mundial pode ser considerada uma epidemia. Este estudo é uma revisão de literatura. Para aprofundamento teórico realizamos levantamento bibliográfico nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline, Scielo e Lilacs. De acordo com a literatura pesquisada a prática de exercício físico regular reduz o peso corporal, melhora o perfil lipídico e aumenta o gasto calórico durante e pós-exercício. Portanto, conclui-se que a regularidade na prática de exercícios físicos pode atuar tanto no tratamento quanto na prevenção da obesidade oferecendo saúde e qualidade de vida a seus praticantes.
Psicoterapia analítica de la esquizofrenia
Authors: Gómez Efraín
Published: June 2018

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Cátedra Honorio Delgado
Authors: Mariategui Javier
Published: June 2018

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Libros comentados por varios autores
Authors: Sogi C. , Arregui A. , Trelles L. , Mariategui Javier
Published: June 2018

R. Brunner, R. Kausen & M. Titze (Eds.): Worterbuch der Individualpsychologie (R. L.) 58.- Centro de Rehabilitación de Alcohólicos (Ed.). Memorias del III Congreso Iberoamericano sobre Alcohol y Alcoholismo (C. Sogi) 59.- T. Crooks, R. Bartus, S. Ferris & S. Gershon (Eds.): Treatment Development strategies for Alzheimer's Disease (A. Arregui) 59.- Ch. Desrouesne: Practique Neurologique (L. Trelles) 60.- U. Geuter (Ed.): Daten zur geschichte der Deutschen Psychologie (Vol. 1: Psychologische Institute, Fachgesellschaften, Fachzeitschriften und Serien, Biographien, Emigranten, 1879-1945) (R. Leon) 60. - Roger Guerra·Garcia (Ed.). Problemas poblacionales peruanas II. (c. Sogi) 61.- L. J. Pongralz: Problemgeschichte der Psychologie (R. Leon) 62.- Humberto Roselli: La Locura de Epifanio y otros ensayos (J. Mariategui) 63.- D. J. Weatherall, J. C. Ledingham & D. A. Warrell (Eds.). Oxford Textbook of Medicine (L Trelles) 64.
Hipólito Unanue y la neurocisticercosis
Authors: Deza Bringas Luis
Published: June 2018

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La investigación del alcoholismo en el Perú en los últimos 30 años: 1956-1986
Authors: Almeida Manuel
Published: June 2018

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Psicoactiva (Revista científica de CEDRO)
Authors: Editorial Comite
Published: June 2018

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Assessment of Borehole Water Quality for Domestic Use in Three Selected Wards in Wudil Local Government Area, Kano State
Authors: Getso B. U. , Mustapha A. , Abubakar M. M. , Tijjani A.
Published: June 2018

The quality of water used for domestic purposes from three boreholes in Wudil Local Government (KUST Wudil, Unguwar Danya and Unguwar Fulani) was analyzed and assessed for a period of five weeks using standard methods of sampling and laboratory analysis. Parameters tested include pH dissolved oxygen (DO), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrate ion (NO3), conductivity, hardness, temperature total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity. Results showed that there are significant differences between the different wards. However, a one way ANOVA conducted reveals significant difference (p < 0.05) between the different sites and physicochemical parameters. It is therefore recommended that government should be more effective in controlling the point source of pollution in the area.
The application of high-resolution atmospheric modelling to weather and climate variability in vineyard regions
Authors: Sturman Andrew , Zawar-Reza Peyman , Soltanzadeh Iman , Katurji Marwan , Bonnardot Valérie , Parker Amber Kaye , Trought Michael C. T. , Quénol Hervé , Le Roux Renan , Gendig Eila , Schulmann Tobias
Published: June 2018

Grapevines are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, with variability in weather and climate (particularly temperature) having a significant influence on wine quality, quantity and style. Improved knowledge of spatial and temporal variations in climate and their impact on grapevine response allows better decision-making to help maintain a sustainable wine industry in the context of medium to long term climate change. This paper describes recent research into the application of mesoscale weather and climate models that aims to improve our understanding of climate variability at high spatial (1 km and less) and temporal (hourly) resolution within vineyard regions of varying terrain complexity. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been used to simulate the weather and climate in the complex terrain of the Marlborough region of New Zealand. The performance of the WRF model in reproducing the temperature variability across vineyard regions is assessed through comparison with automatic weather stations. Coupling the atmospheric model with bioclimatic indices and phenological models (e.g. Huglin, cool nights, Grapevine Flowering Véraison model) also provides useful insights into grapevine response to spatial variability of climate during the growing season, as well as assessment of spatial variability in the optimal climate conditions for specific grape varieties.
Issues to be considered for strategic adaptation to climate evolution – is atmospheric evaporative demand changing?
Authors: Schultz Hans Reiner
Published: June 2018

The predicted developments in climate are region-specific and adaptation can only be successful considering the regional characteristics with its diverse technical, environmental, economic and social implications. Beyond some obvious adaptation strategies in response to emerging environmental constraints for example there are many more “basic” challenges below “the surface”. One of the key concerns for many regions is the availability of water and how increasing temperature will drive the evaporative demand of the atmosphere. For this, individual regions need to be analysed to quantify possible associated risks. This paper will address differences in regional water relations of grape growing areas in different parts of the world as a basis to address the points listed above.
A SOCIABILIZAÇÃO DA TV DIGITAL BRASILEIRA: O CREATIVE COMMONS COMO POTENCIAL INSTRUMENTO DE EDUCAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL
Authors: Do Bom Conselho Lúcio Marcos , Magalhães Cláudio Márcio
Published: June 2018

Com o advento do Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital (SBTVD), iniciaram-se testes de funcionalidade para os sistemas híbridos que integram a radiodifusão e a internet, possibilitando a criação de conteúdos digitais tanto pelas emissoras, quanto pelos espectadores, sendo necessário dar tratamento jurídico adequado a esses conteúdos. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar o uso da licença Creative Commons no SBTVD. Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa consistente em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados foram favoráveis ao uso aqui proposto da licença autoral. A conclusão é que se recomenda o uso da licença Creative Commons como forma de sociabilizar conteúdos na TV Digital, propiciando a educação e o desenvolvimento local.
CULTURA, NATUREZA, PROTEÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL E DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Da Cunha Isabela Camila , Paiva Carlos Magno De Souza
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho versa sobre a proteção do patrimônio cultural em âmbito internacional, particularmente sobre os fundamentos para tal proteção. A relevância da pesquisa se deve à importância que o tema vem ganhando na atualidade e o surgimento de um novo direito, o direito ao patrimônio cultural. O que se pretende é analisar quais são os fundamentos para a proteção do patrimônio cultural. Para tanto, será necessário distinguir os conceitos de cultura e natureza, estabelecer a relação do patrimônio cultural com os conceitos de ética, valor e norma e, a partir daí, demonstrar, nos documentos internacionais, a necessidade de se proteger o patrimônio cultural para toda a humanidade. Trata-se de pesquisa sob o raciocínio hipotético-dedutivo, tendo por referencial teórico a ideia da separação necessária entre o Direito Ambiental e o Direito do Patrimônio Cultural.
“DIREITOS HUMANOS PARA HUMANOS DIREITOS”: UMA ANÁLISE DA RELATIVIZAÇÃO SELETIVA DO MULTICULTURALISMO
Authors: Costa Jessica Hind Ribeiro , Da Silva Mônica Neves Aguiar
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relativização seletiva do multiculturalismo quando da aplicação dos direitos humanos. Desta forma exibe uma breve apresentação dos direitos humanos, posteriormente conceituando o o multiculturalismo como reflexo das culturas divergentes da lógica dominante. As culturas dessidentes quando analisadas à luz dos direitos humanos são algumas relativizadas outras oprimidas pela intervenção (muitas vezes apresentada como auxílio), sendo que a diferença entre as condutas adotadas está atrelada a uma hierarquia baseada numa concepção moral estética. Ao final, o arquétipo da alteridade é sugerido como resposta aos dilemas que envolvem a diversidade cultural, apresentando uma nova abordagem dos direitos humanos que pressupõe a compreensão e o diálogo entre as culturas divergentes.
A Survey of Recent Trends in Multiobjective Optimal Control -- Surrogate Models, Feedback Control and Objective Reduction
Authors: Peitz Sebastian , Dellnitz Michael
Published: June 2018

Multiobjective optimization plays an increasingly important role in modern applications, where several criteria are often of equal importance. The task in multiobjective optimization and multiobjective optimal control is therefore to compute the set of optimal compromises (the Pareto set) between the conflicting objectives. The advances in algorithms and the increasing interest in Pareto optimal solutions have led to a wide range of new applications related to optimal and feedback control which results in new challenges such as expensive models or real-time applicability. Since the Pareto set generally consists of an infinite number of solutions, the computational effort can quickly become challenging which is particularly problematic when the objectives are costly to evaluate or when a solution has to be presented very quickly. This article gives an overview over recent developments in accelerating multiobjective optimal control for complex problems where either PDE constraints are present or where a feedback behavior has to be achieved. In the first case, surrogate models yield significant speed-ups. Besides classical meta-modeling techniques for multiobjective optimization, a promising alternative for control problems is to introduce a surrogate model for the system dynamics. In the case of real-time requirements, various promising model predictive control approaches have been proposed, using either fast online solvers or offline-online decomposition. We also briefly comment on dimension reduction in many-objective optimization problems as another technique for reducing the numerical effort.
Beyond Bioproductivity: Engaging Local Perspectives in Land Degradation Monitoring and Assessment
Authors: Herrmann Stefanie , Diouf Abdoul Aziz , Sall Ibrahima
Published: June 2018

Land degradation monitoring and assessment in the Sahel zone takes advantage of and relies substantially on temporal trends of remote sensing-based vegetation indices, which are proxies for the bioproductivity of the land. However, prior studies have shown that negative or positive trends in bioproductivity are not necessarily associated with degradation or improvement of land condition. We argue that remote sensing-based indices, while having contributed much to dismantling an outdated desertification narrative, are themselves falling short of capturing the whole picture and need to be accompanied by field observations that are relevant to local land users. We used the participatory photo elicitation method in three sites in order to elicit local pastoralists’ perspectives on land degradation and identify the indicators that they use to characterize pasture quality, while empowering them to lead the discussion. The discussion revealed indicators far beyond bioproductivity, including livestock performance as well as composition and quality of the herbaceous and woody vegetative cover, invasive species, soil quality and water availability. We found that the pastoralists’ interest, knowledge and field observations could potentially be harnessed using a crowd-sourcing approach in order to produce a geospatially explicit dataset of land degradation, which would be complementary to the remote sensing-based maps of trends in bioproductivity and could serve as a reference for the development of more targeted remote sensing-based indicators of land degradation
Short but Continuous Natural Pain for Depression Treatment and Beyond
Authors: Huang Mingwei
Published: June 2018

The correlation and comorbidity between depression and chronic pain have been observed for a long time. Generally, it is considered that the two conditions reinforce each other, whereas the causal relationship between them is not clear. However, some evidence suggested that chronic pain may reverse the progression of depression in some cases. This article presents a selective review of clinical and pharmacological observations between depression and pain, and their interactions at neurochemical and neurobiological levels. In addition, we open a discussion on a recent case report of repeated success of using short but continuous pain during meditation as the only treatment of depression, compared to initial success but no remission with other conventional antidepressants on the same patient. Together this review proposes an updated model for depression and its various treatments that is based on synaptic and system homeostasis. More importantly, it suggests that short but continuous pain may benefit depression recovery through its properties that are different from either acute or chronic pain and represents a novel research area that has been largely neglected to date.
A Current Overview of the Molecular Effects of Nanosilver
Authors: Cameron Shana J. , Willmore William G.
Published: June 2018

Nanosilver plays an important role in nanoscience and nanotechnology, and is becoming increasingly used for applications in nanomedicine. Nanosilver ranges in size from one to one hundred nanometers. Smaller particles more readily enter cells and interact with the cellular components. The exposure dose, particle size, coating, and aggregation state of the nanosilver, as well as the cell type or organism that it is tested on, all have a large determining factor on the effect and potential toxicity of nanosilver. A high exposure dose to nanosilver alters the cellular stress responses and initiates cascades of signaling that can eventually trigger organelle autophagy and apoptosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effects of nanosilver on cellular metabolic function and response to stress. Both the causative effects of nanosilver on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and hypoxic stress, as well as the effects of nanosilver on the responses to such stresses, are outlined. The interactions and effects of nanosilver on cellular uptake, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species), inflammation, hypoxic response, mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum function and the unfolded protein response, autophagy and apoptosis, angiogenesis, epigenetics, genotoxicity, and cancer development and tumorigenesis, as well as other pathway alterations are examined in this review.
Data Science in Education, Employment, Research: Data Revolution for Sustainable Development
Authors: Murtagh Fionn , Devlin Keith
Published: June 2018

In Data Science we are concerned with the integration of relevant sciences in observed and empirical contexts. This results in the unification of analytical methodologies, and of observed and empirical data contexts. Given the dynamic nature of convergence, described are the origins and many evolutions of the Data Science theme. The following are covered in this article: the rapidly growing post-graduate university course provisioning for Data Science; a preliminary study of employability requirements, and how past eminent work in the social sciences and other areas, certainly mathematics, can be of immediate and direct relevance and benefit for innovative methodology, and for facing and addressing the ethical aspect of Big Data analytics, relating to data aggregation and scale effects. Associated also with Data Science is how direct and indirect outcomes and consequences of Data Science include decision support and policy making, and both qualitative as well as quantitative outcomes. For such reasons, the importance is noted of how Data Science builds collaboratively on other domains, potentially with innovative methodologies and practice. Further sections point towards some of the most major current research issues.
Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Jatropha pelargoniifolia Root Native to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aati Hanan Y. , El Gamal Ali A. , Kayser Oliver
Published: June 2018

Extensive phytochemical and chromatographic analysis of different root fractions of Jatropha pelargoniifolia Courb. (Euphorbiaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of 22 distinct secondary metabolite compounds. Two new compounds, 6-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin-7-O-β-D-glycopyranoside and (3-(2-(methylamino) ethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl) methanol, were isolated and identified for the first time from a natural source. In addition, other known compounds, such as hovetricoside C and N-methyltryptamine were isolated from Euphorbiaceae, and hordenine, N-methyltyramine, their salts, cynaroside and linarin were identified in Jatropha spp. for the first time. Some isolated metabolites, such as β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol glucoside, curcusons D and C, naringenin, apigenin, cleomiscosins B and A, spruceanol, propacin, jatrophadiketone, and uracil were previously identified in various Jatropha species. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using different spectroscopic techniques. The anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, and antioxidant activities were evaluated for some adequately available isolated compounds. Compounds showed significant antinociceptive activity compared with the standard analgesic drug indomethacin. The edema size was significantly reduced (p< 0.05–0.001) in the animals treated with low doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) of the isolated compounds compared with those treated with a high dose (100 mg/kg) of standard anti-inflammatory drug (phenylbutazone). Furthermore, all tested compounds showed a significant (p< 0.05–0.001) reduction in the rectal temperature of hyper-thermic mice.
The Effect of C2H2/H2 Gas Mixture Ratio in Direct Low-Temperature Vacuum Carburization
Authors: Song Yeongha , Kim Jun-Ho , Kim Kyu-Sik , Kim Sunkwang , Song Pung Keun
Published: June 2018

The effect of the acetylene and hydrogen gases mixture ratios in direct low-temperature vacuum carburization was investigated. The gas ratio is an important parameter for producing the free radicals in the carburization. The free radicals can remove the natural oxide film by the strong reaction of the hydrocarbons, and then thermodynamically activity can be increased. When the gas ratio was below 1, the supersaturation expanded austenite layers were formed on the surface of the AISI 316L stainless steel, which had the maximum carbon solubility up to 11.5 at.% at 743 K, were formed. On the other hand, when the gas ratio was above 1, the carbon concentration of them remained low even if the process time was enough increased to reach the maximum carbon solubility. As a result, the carbon concentration underneath the surface was determined to be highly dependent on the gas mixture ratio of acetylene and hydrogen. In conclusion, it is necessary to restrict the ratio of acetylene and hydrogen gases to total mixture gases to form the expanded austenite layer with the high carbon concentration in the direct low-temperature vacuum carburization.
Two Dogmas for the Emergence of Biological Systems: Cell Theory and Self-Replication
Authors: Prosdocimi Francisco , Jheeta Sohan , Farias Sávio Torres de
Published: June 2018

A dogma is normally considered as a principle or a belief accepted as an indisputable truth by some individuals and/or groups. Theoretically there can be no dogmas in science, but it has been demonstrated that scientific thought operates by conceptual changes. A dogma therefore can be understood as a concept present at the heart of some contemporary research programmes that need to be altered to overcome paradigms. Here we argue that two ideas relating to emergence of the biological system research need to be re-evaluated. First, is the idea that research programmes about the emergence of the biological system are the same as those of the origin of cells. Cells are strikingly important biological entities, hard core concepts for the entire field of biology. The emergence of the biological system happened much earlier than the origin of cells and thus the First Universal Common Ancestor (FUCA) should be viewed as a great-grandfather to the Last Universal Cellular Ancestor (LUCA); i.e. the latter is the first cellular life form. Second, RNA-world theories are the focus of mainstream research programmes for the origin of life stricto sensu. In the RNA-world view, self-replication of nucleic acids is seen as one of the most relevant events in the pre-biotic world. Without denying the relevance of self-replication, we argue here that the most germane event which occurred in the pre-biotic world was the crosstalk between nucleic acids and peptides. When these two macromolecules started to interact, the singularity that aggregated the complexity required to produce life emerged. Thus, comprehension of the early origins of the translation machinery and the assembly of the genetic code is key. Therefore, the relevance of cell theory and self-replication should be re-evaluated as well as the concept of life itself.
Short but Continuous Natural Pain during Meditation Sittings for Depression Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Mingwei
Published: June 2018

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder, which results in seriously impaired condition in the patients and great global disability burden. In light of its quite diverse etiologies, comorbidity with many other diseases, and complex underlying pathology, it has been a great challenge to understand the physiological basis of MDD, which may be a complex of related diseases, rather than a single one. In addition to the partial understanding of MDD, the individual heterogeneities among patients may render the development of a universal treatment an elusive goal. But studying how each of currently available treatments affects the disease can generate useful information to stratify patients into different subtypes for individualized treatments. In this case report, we present the first report of repeated success of using meditation as the only treatment of MDD, compared to initial success but no remission with other conventional antidepressants on the same patient. We hypothesized that the short but continuous natural pain during one-hour meditation sittings has the therapeutic effect to treat depression in the case of this patient and potentially others with MDD. This special opportunity of eliminating tremendous heterogeneity among different individuals has enabled us to probe deeply into the potential mechanism of depression treatments and the complex physiology of depression itself, both of which have likely profound implications in the treatment of other MDD patients as well. More importantly, this case report helps us dissect one specific component of meditation for its long-known and well-established benefit against depression.
Understanding the Driving Patterns of the Carbon Emissions in Transport Sector in China: A Panel Data Analysis and Zoning Effect
Authors: Lin Danting , Qiu Rongzu , Hu Xisheng , Wang Jiankai , Zhang Lanyi , Chen Cheng , Lin Yuying
Published: June 2018

China’s transportation industry has made rapid progress, which has led to a mass of carbon emissions. However, it is still unclear how the carbon emission from transport sector is punctuated by shifts in underlying drivers. This paper aims to examine the process of China’s carbon emissions from transport sector as well as its major driving forces during the period of 2000 to 2015 at the provincial level. We firstly estimate the carbon emissions from transport sector at the provincial level based on the fuel and electricity consumption using a top-down method. We find that the carbon emission per capita is steadily increasing across the nation, especially in the provinces of Chongqing and Inner Mongolia. However, the carbon emission intensity is decreasing in most provinces of China, except in Yunnan, Qinghai, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Henan and Anhui. We then quantify the effect of socio-economic factors and their regional variations on the carbon emissions using panel data model. The results show that the development of secondary industry is the most significant variable in both the entire nation level and the regional level, while the effects of the other variables vary across regions. Among these factors, population density is the main motivator of the increasing carbon emissions per capita from transport sector for both the whole nation and the western region, whereas the consumption level per capita of residents and the development of tertiary industry are the primary drivers of per capita carbon emissions for the eastern and central region.
Chitosan Inhibits the Rehabilitation of Damaged Microbes Induced by Photodynamic Inactivation
Authors: Lin Ching-Hsuan , Chien Hsiung-Fei , Lin Ming-Hsuan , Chen Chueh-Pin , Shen Mandy , Chen Chin-Tin
Published: June 2018

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) combines the nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) and visible light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause oxidative damages in (on) microbial organisms. Previously, we have shown that chitosan can augment the bactericidal efficacy mediated by PDI against bacteria and Candida. In this study, we showed that the antimicrobial action of chitosan to augment PDI relates to the enlargement of cell surface destruction. The microbial cell surfaces exhibit severe irregular shapes after PDI in the presence of chitosan. Furthermore, increase in the concentrations or incubation time of chitosan significantly reduce the amounts of photosensitizers TBO required, indicating that chitosan could be a synergistic agent with PDI against human pathogens. A prolonged lag phase was found in PDI surviving microbial cells, in which chitosan can act to synergistically eradicate the cells. Once the impaired cells rebuild their cellular functions from PDI-induced damage, the increased cytotoxic effect of chitosan disappeared. Together, our results suggest that chitosan with an augmented bactericidal activity after PDI is to inhibit the rehabilitation of PDI surviving cells, leading to microbial death.
Laboratory Hydrogen-Beta Emission Spectroscopy for Analysis of Astrophysical White Dwarf Spectra
Authors: Parigger Christian G , Drake Kyle A. , Helstern Christopher M , Gautam Ghaneshwar
Published: June 2018

This work communicates a review on Balmer series hydrogen beta line measurements and applications for analysis of white dwarf stars. Laser-induced plasma investigations explore electron density and temperature ranges comparable to white dwarf star signatures such as Sirius B, the companion to the brightest star observable from the earth. Spectral line shape characteristics of the hydrogen beta line include width, peak separation, and central dip-shift, thereby providing three indicators for electron density measurements. The hydrogen alpha line shows two primary line-profile parameters for electron density determination, namely, width and shift. Both Boltzmann plot and line-to-continuum ratios yield temperature. The line-shifts recorded with temporally- and spatially- resolved optical emission spectroscopy of hydrogen plasma in laboratory settings can be larger than gravitational redshifts that occur in absorption spectra from radiating white dwarfs. Published astrophysical spectra display significantly diminished Stark or pressure broadening contributions to red-shifted atomic lines. Gravitational redshifts allow one to assess the ratio of mass and radius of these stars, and subsequently, the mass from cooling models.
The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Plant Ewan P. , Eick-Cost Angelia A , Ezzeldin Hussein , Sanchez Jose L , Ye Zhiping , Cooper Michael J
Published: June 2018

The first exposure to influenza is thought to impact subsequent immune responses later in life. The consequences of this can be seen during influenza epidemics and pandemics with differences in morbidity and mortality for different birth cohorts. With the development of new universal vaccines there is need for better understanding of how vaccine responses are affected by early exposures to influenza viruses. In this analysis of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses in two cohorts of military personnel we noticed differences related to birth year. These data suggest that HI antibody production, in response to influenza vaccination, is affected by influenza activity in the years following birth. The magnitude of this antibody response is associated with, among other factors, the influenza strain that circulated following birth.
Management of Lateral Vibration Serviceability of Temporary Grandstand and Human Health Risk Assessment Based on Experiment
Authors: He Lin , Yuan Jian , Fan Feng , Liu Cong
Published: June 2018

Excessive vibration of temporary grandstand owing to crowd has lateral rhythmic motions can cause human in panic, which attracted increasing attention in recent years. This paper focuses on experiments that a temporary grandstand occupied 20 participants is oscillated by a shaking table with a series of random waves and induced by crowd with rhythmic swaying motions at lateral direction, respectively. And then a series of vibration perception questionnaires about crowd reaction are obtained. Evaluation of annoying level derives in concept of degree of membership and annoying rate method is proposed, then the human health risk of vibration serviceability of temporary grandstand is assessed with acceleration vibration dose value(VDV). From these results it is clear that standing crowd is more tolerant to vibration than seated crowd. The measured vibrations generated by crowd activities on temporary grandstand can cause panic in crowd. New relationship between the annoyance rate and structural acceleration VDV at logarithmic coordinate is proposed. The findings of this study can be utilized to manage the vibration of temporary grandstand and assess the human health risk.
Enhancement of Distributed Temperature Sensitivity Using Al-Coated Fiber in OFDR
Authors: Kwon Yong-seok , Naeem Khurram , Jeon Min Yong , Kwon Il-Bum
Published: June 2018

We present a distributed optical-fiber temperature sensor with enhanced sensitivity based on an Al-coated fiber using the Rayleigh backscattering spectra (RBS) shift in optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR). The Al-coated sensing fiber with a higher thermal expansion coefficient compared to silica produces a strain-coupled shift in the RBS under an increase in temperature. This effect leads to an enhanced temperature sensitivity of the distributed measurement scheme. Our results revealed that the temperature sensitivity obtained using the Al-coated fiber in OFDR was ~56% higher relative to that of a single-mode fiber. Moreover, the minimum measurable temperature recorded was 1 °C with a spatial resolution of 5 cm.
The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Gynaecological Malignancy
Authors: Grauso Flavio , Autiero Raffaele , Lannino Giuseppe R. , Zizolfi Brunella , Perone Ciro , Messalli Enrico M.
Published: June 2018

Background: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a very heterogeneous array consisting of many proteins like ligands, enzymes and receptors synthetized in various tissues and immunity cells. The main endogenous ligands are unsaturated fatty acid derivatives like anandamide(AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol(2-AG), but many others are under study. Endocannabinoids are involved in both physiological and pathological conditions. ECS plays an important role in the regulation of main processes which lead to cancer and also in sex steroid hormone-related cancers.Methods: With focus on gynaecological cancers, main papers and review articles, up to April 2018, on the role of the ECS, were acquired by PubMed searches using the search terms: ‘cancer’, ‘cannabinoid’, ‘endocannabinoid’, ‘gynaecology’ and ‘malignancy’.Results: The review of recent literature data showed the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in numerous physiological and pathological conditions of the female genital tract up to the development of gynaecological malignancy as cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer.Conclusions: The endocannabinoid system has an important role in antitumor actions involving different signalling receptor and receptor-independent pathways. It represents an exciting challenge to researchers for its potential use in diagnosis and treatment of all gynaecological malignancies