bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Đặc điểm công ty có ảnh hưởng đến tránh thuế ở các công ty phi tài chính niêm yết trên thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam ?
Authors: Nguyễn Công Phương
Published: April 2024

Nghiên cứu này xem xét mối quan hệ giữa đặc điểm của công ty và hành vi tránh thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp. Sử dụng dữ liệu bảng không cân bằng của 517 công ty phi tài chính niêm yết trong khoảng thời gian từ năm 2020 đến 2022 với 1449 quan sát, phân tích hồi quy tuyến tính bội cho thấy quy mô công ty, khả năng sinh lời, mức độ đầu tư vốn vào tài sản cố định lớn thì khả năng tránh thuế càng lớn. Kết quả cũng tìm thấy ảnh hưởng của lĩnh vực hoạt động, mặc dù không hoàn toàn, đến tránh thuế. Những bằng chứng này gợi ý về tầm quan trọng của việc hiểu rõ vai trò của đặc điểm doanh nghiệp trong việc hình thành các hành vi tránh thuế, cung cấp những sự hiểu biết cho các nhà hoạch định chính sách và các nhà nghiên cứu trong lĩnh vực thuế.
Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas Packaging Tepung Terigu Kemasan 25Kg Dengan Metode Six sigma dan Failure Mode Effect Analysis
Authors: Yunian Biaf Tandy , Negoro Yanuar Pandu , Priyana Efta Dhartikasari
Published: April 2024

PT ISM Tbk. Divisi Bogasari merupakan perusahaan manufaktur makanan yang memproduksi tepung terigu. Salah satu proses produksi perusahaan tersebut yaitu packaging tepung terigu 25 Kg. Dalam proses packaging yang dilakukan terdapat 4 CTQ (Critical To Quality) diantaranya yaitu kondisi label, kondisi jahit, keadaan metal detector, dan berat timbang. Selama periode Agustus-November 2023 proporsi kecacatan produk sebesar 4.01% yang artinya melebihi standar maksimal kecacatan perusahaan sebesar 2.5%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengurangi kecacatan produksi dengan metode six sigma serta mengetahui solusinya dengan prioritas tindak perbaikan yang dilakukan dengan metode FMEA. Hasil analisis diketahui nilai sigma pada proses packaging sebesar 3.84, cacat jahit merupakan jenis kecacatan yang mendominasi dengan persentase cacat sebesar 52.8%. Faktor utama yang menyebabkan yaitu kelelahan pekerja. Solusi tindak perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu penyesuaian area kerja agar tidak panas dan bising, melakukan training dan pendampingan bagi operator baru, penyesuian job desk kerja, dan penyesuaian fasilitas kerja selama overtime.
ANALISIS TANTANGAN DALAM MEMBENTUK KONSELOR YANG KOMPETEN DAN BERETIKA
Authors: Azzahra Chintya Salsha , Budiman Nandang , Nadhirah Nadia Aulia
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini fokus pada hambatan dalam membentuk konselor yang kompeten dan beretika, menyoroti kendala utama seperti keterbatasan kompetensi, kurangnya pemahaman aspek budaya, dan kesulitan menerapkan prinsip etika konseling. Pelanggaran etika oleh konselor di sekolah, terutama terkait sikap, pemahaman tugas, dan penyalahgunaan oleh pihak sekolah, merugikan citra profesi. Tantangan lain termasuk pemahaman aspek budaya untuk pelayanan efektif kepada konseli dengan latar belakang berbeda, dan kesulitan menerapkan prinsip etika seperti menjaga kerahasiaan dan berkomunikasi efektif. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada pengembangan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan standardisasi dan etika profesi konselor, menganggap pembentukan konselor yang kompeten dan beretika sebagai langkah kunci dalam meningkatkan kualitas layanan konseling dan memberikan dampak positif bagi konseli.
PENGARUH KONSELING RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY (REBT) TERHADAP SIKAP KONFORMITAS SISWA SMP NEGERI 1 MATARAM
Authors: Hartati Aluh , Milda Yasinta
Published: April 2024

Konformitas adalah kecendrungan dalam perubahan keyakinan, perilaku seseorang sehingga sesuai dengan perilaku orang lain yang ditentukan oleh kelompok sekitar. Siswa di SMPN 1 Mataram melakukan sikap konformitas seperti keluar kelas pada saat jam pelajaran sedang berlansung, merokok dalam lingkungan sekolah, dan membolos. Faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap konformitas pada siswa yaitu faktor internal dan faktor ekternal. Faktor internal (Faktor dalam keluarga) siswa memiliki sikap konformitas memiliki harga diri yang rendah membuat siswa cenderung mencari teman dan ikut dalam suatu kelompok untuk meningkatkan harga dirinya, lemahnya tingkat keyakinan agama siswa tersebut, kurangnya kasih sayang dan perhatian dari keluarga, sedangkan faktor ekternal (Faktor dari luar/lingkungan) yaitu sikap konformitas dipengaruhi oleh tekanan dari kelompok yang dapat mempengaruhi sikap dan perilakunya, dipengaruhi dari media sosial. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini yaitu Untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Konseling Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) Terhadap Sikap Konformitas Pada Siswa Kelas VIII C di SMPN 1 Mataram. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 37 sedangkan sampelnya adalah 12 dengan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu angket sebagai metode pokok, observasi, dokumentasi sebagai metode pelengkap. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu metode statistic dengan menggunakan rumus t-test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai (t-hitung) sebesar 8,226 dan nilai (t-tabel) sebesar 2,201 dengan demikian nilai t-hitung hasil penelitian lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel yaitu 8,226>2,201 maka hipotesis nihil ( Ho) yang diajukan ditolak, dan sebaliknya hipotesis alternatif (Ha) yang diajukan diterima, maka hasil penelitian ini adalah “signifikan” yaitu Ada Pengaruh Konseling Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) Terhadap Sikap Konformitas Pada Siswa Kelas VIII C di SMPN 1 Mataram
PENGARUH TEKNIK RELAKSASI TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN EMOSI PADA SISWA SMP PEDULI ANAK LANGKO LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Najamuddin M. , Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman
Published: April 2024

Pengendalian emosi memegang peran yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia, terutama untuk mengurangi ketegangan yang timbul akibat emosi yang memuncak. Emosi adalah reaksi terhadap rangsangan, disertai dengan perubahan psikologis yang disebabkan oleh perasaan yang kuat, biasanya berpotensi meledak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini maka mengetahui pengaruh teknik relaksasi terhadap pengendalian emosi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket sebagai metode pokok dan metode observasi, wawancara serta dokumentasi sebagai pelengkap. Teknik sampling yang    digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 50  siswa dengan fokus penelitian pada siswa SMP peduli anak, Langko, Lombok Barat. Sampel yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data adalah 8 siswa yang memiliki skor Pengendalian Emosi yang tergolong rendah. Untuk menganalisa data menggunakan rumus t-test, berdasarkan analisa data t hitung perhitungan t-test yang diperoleh melalui analisis, ternyata nilai t diperoleh= 5,376 Kemudian dikonsultasikan dengan nilai t dalam tabel dengan db (N-1) =8-1=7 dengan taraf signifikan 5%= 2,365. Dengan demikian nilai t hitung hasil penelitian ini lebih besar dari nilai t tabel (5,376>2,365), maka hipotesis nihil (Ho) ditolak sedangkan hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima pada taraf signifikansi 5%
PENGARUH TEKNIK ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP PERILAKU BULLYING PADA SISWA SMP NEGERI 10 MATARAM
Authors: Maharani Jessica Festi , Jaswandi Lalu , Diantini Rosita
Published: April 2024

Perilaku Bullying merupakan perilaku agresif yang disengaja, yang dilakukan oleh sekelompok orang atau sesorang secara berulang-ulang dan dari waktu kewaktu terhadap seorang koban yang tidak dapat mempertahankan dirinya dengan mudah. Untuk meminimalisir permasalahan tersebut teknik yang digunakan adalah role playing (bermain peran). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik role playing terhadap perilaku bullying. dalam penelitian ini menggunakan desain one group pre-test-post-test design. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket sebagai metode pokok dan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi sebagai metode pelengkap. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data adalah 6 siswa yang memiliki skor perilaku bullying tinggi. Untuk menganalisa data yaitu menggunakan rumus t-test. Dalam penelitian ini perilaku bullying dapat diminimalisir dengan teknik role playing sehingga hasil yang di peroleh adalah t-hitung lebih besar daripada t-tabel. Maka penelitian ini dapat dinyatakan “Signifikan
ANALISIS BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DALAM LINGKUP PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Sitorus Nurul Hafizhah Salsabila , Putri Tarisha , Eriyanto Mhd. Haical , Nurhasanah Silvy , Dongoran Rosita
Published: April 2024

Bimbingan dan konseling adalah kegiatan interpersonal antara konselor dan konseli yang bertujuan untuk membimbing, membantu, atau mengarahkan konseli dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapinya dan menjalani kehidupan dengan baik secara umumnya. Bimbingan dan konseling dalam pendidikan merupakan upaya serius untuk mengembangkan karakter, kemampuan, minat, dan bakat yang dimiliki peserta didik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menguraikan esensi bimbingan dan konseling dalam lingkup pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka dan bersifat analisis deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bimbingan dan konseling memiliki esensi yang penting dalam pendidikan. Bimbingan konseling dan pendidikan memiliki visi dan misi yang sama yaitu membantu peserta didik dalam menjalani kehidupan di lembaga pendidikan dengan baik dan optimal. Pentingnya bimbingan dan konseling dalam pendidikan untuk meyakinkan peserta didik mendapat dukungan yang tepat untuk mencapai potensi maksimalnya, mengatasi permasalahan yang muncul, mempersiapkan masa depan, serta mencapai kesejahteraan. Oleh karena itu, dalam pelaksanaan antara bimbingan konseling dan pendidikan memiliki keseimbangan dan keterikatan satu sama lain.
Marriott Hotel’s Practices in Mitigating Discrimination Through Inclusionary Employee Resource Groups
Authors: Wesley Sharon , Jackson Kaydianne Nugent , Martínez Ramos Daliné , Vanbeber Stephanie , Mujtaba Bahaudin G.
Published: April 2024

Human resources experts play a crucial role in fostering safe, healthy, and equitable workplaces, emphasizing inclusivity, diversity, and anti-discrimination. Marriott International serves as a prime example by prioritizing ongoing education to create a diverse and inclusive workforce, empowering employees to cater to a global clientele. Their initiatives inspire and educate HR professionals from other companies while reinforcing Marriott's commitment to bias reduction through continuous training in areas like unconscious bias, cultural competency, harassment prevention, and prejudice awareness. Marriott's dedication extends to providing resources and training to address workplace discrimination, promoting tolerance and diversity. The company's unwavering focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion underscores the importance of senior management support and consistent promotion of these values. Marriott's transparency in disclosing diverse data sets a benchmark for organizational growth, serving as a guiding principle for HR professionals to drive similar initiatives in their respective organizations. Ultimately, Marriott's efforts illustrate the potential for creating more equitable and inclusive workplaces globally, where employees are valued, respected, and supported to thrive.
İŞ SÖZLEŞMESİNİN FESHİNE İMKÂN TANIYAN BAZI NEDENLERİN YARGITAY 9. HUKUK DAİRESİ’NİN 2018/21783 SAYILI “KEDİ KARARI” ÇERÇEVESİNDE DÜŞÜNDÜRDÜKLERİ
Authors: Işık Olcay
Published: April 2024

Evde, işyerinde ya da bir arazide özel ilgi ve refakat amacıyla muhafaza edilen, bakımı ve sorumluluğu üstlenilen kedi, köpek, tavşan, kuş gibi ev hayvanları ile onları sahiplenen insanlar arasında kurulan bağ, bir süredir bu hayvanlara yönelik bakış açısında değişime yol açmıştır. Söz konusu değişim toplumsal değerleri biçimlendirmiş, ev hayvanlarının canlı ve duyarlı birer varlık olarak hissetme ve acı çekme vasfına sahip olmaları onların yaşam hakkının, uluslararası ve ulusal düzeyde hukuk normları ile korunmasına imkân vermiştir. Ev hayvanı ve onun bakımını üstlenen kişi arasında kurulan duygusal bağ ise aynı zamanda sahiplenenin korunmaya değer menfaatine odaklanılmasını gerektirmektedir. Çalışma hayatı karşılıklı menfaatlerin genellikle uyum gösterdiği, bazen de çatıştığı bir alandır. Bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan “kedi kararında” ihtilaf teşkil eden husus ise işçinin kendi inisiyatifi ile kimseye söylemeden işverenin işyerinde bakımını üstlendiği, koruma ve gözetim altında bulundurduğu ev hayvanını, alışkın olduğu ortamın dışına çıkararak yaşamını yitirmesine sebebiyet verip vermediğidir. Sözleşmenin işverence derhal feshedildiği somut olayın yargıya intikal etmesi neticesinde yerel mahkeme feshin haksız olduğuna hükmetmiş, Yargıtay ise oy çokluğu ile kararı onamıştır. Bu doğrultuda hayvanları korumaya yönelik hukuki düzenlemeler, ev hayvanı üzerindeki hakkın niteliği, ahlak ve iyiniyet kuralları çerçevesinde iş sözleşmesinin feshine imkân veren bazı haklı nedenler ve hâkimin davayı aydınlatma ödevi gibi konular somut olay ve verilen karar ekseninde ele alınıp irdelenecektir.
Cultura escrita y nueva historia cultural: paradigmas y realidades
Authors: González Sánchez Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2024

Este artículo examina los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de la Nueva His­toria Cultural, sobre todo los que mayor impacto han causado en la historia de la cultura escrita, del libro y la lectura. Su finalidad consiste en la observación de la evolución que dicha materia ha venido experimentando desde la década de los sesenta del siglo pasado, con la intención de evaluar deficiencias, logros y retos pen­dientes de este campo historiográfico. A la vez, presta una especial atención a la his­toriografía española, una de las más pro­líficas y solventes en la actualidad, como bien demuestra el nivel de calidad que ha alcanzado la investigación sobre el libro y la lectura en nuestro país, y el elenco de publicaciones que ha puesto a nuestra dis­posición.
El ciclo vital de julián pérez: El devenir de la fortuna de un librero-impresor en el burgos del setecientos.
Authors: Sanz de la Higuera Francisco José
Published: April 2024

El acceso a varios inventarios post-mortem de profesionales de la librería y de la impresión en la ciudad de Burgos du­rante el siglo XVIII posibilita un análisis crítico sobre el devenir de la venta de libros y del arte tipográfico en una ciudad pre-industrial de provincias, sobre su cultura material y sobre las posibilidades de ne­gocio. Todo ello en un siglo sometido a múltiples tensiones para la reconstrucción de la epidermis del Estado, con la dinastía borbónica comandando la singladura so­cio-económica y política, tras el catastrófi­co XVII. El Setecientos estuvo preñado de una profunda mediocridad y caracterizado por la pérdida de notoriedad en Europa, con bastantes luces y apariencias pero con poco oro y escasa eficacia y productividad.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes the osteogenesis of mechanical force-treated periodontal ligament cells via Piezo1
Authors: Zheng Fu , Wu Tong , Wang Feifei , Li Huazhi , Tang Hongyi , Cui Xinyu , Li Cuiying , Wang Yixiang , Jiang Jiuhui
Published: April 2024

Background

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can accelerate tooth movement and preserve tooth and bone integrity during orthodontic treatment. However, the mechanisms by which LIPUS affects tissue remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remain unclear. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) are pivotal in maintaining periodontal tissue equilibrium when subjected to mechanical stimuli. One notable mechano-sensitive ion channel, Piezo1, can modulate cellular function in response to mechanical cues. This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of Piezo1 in the osteogenic response of force-treated PDLCs when stimulated by LIPUS.

Method

After establishing rat OTM models, LIPUS was used to stimulate rats locally. OTM distance and alveolar bone density were assessed using micro-computed tomography, and histological analyses included hematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and immunohistochemical staining. GsMTx4 and Yoda1 were respectively utilized for Piezo1 functional inhibition and activation experiments in rats. We isolated human PDLCs (hPDLCs) in vitro and evaluated the effects of LIPUS on the osteogenic differentiation of force-treated hPDLCs using real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining. Small interfering RNA and Yoda1 were employed to validate the role of Piezo1 in this process.

Results

LIPUS promoted osteoclast differentiation and accelerated OTM in rats. Furthermore, LIPUS alleviated alveolar bone resorption under pressure and enhanced osteogenesis of force-treated PDLCs both in vivo and in vitro by downregulating Piezo1 expression. Subsequent administration of GsMTx4 in rats and siPIEZO1 transfection in hPDLCs attenuated the inhibitory effect on osteogenic differentiation under pressure, whereas LIPUS efficacy was partially mitigated. Yoda1 treatment inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, resulting in reduced expression of Collagen Ⅰα1 and osteocalcin in the periodontal ligament. However, LIPUS administration was able to counteract these effects.

Conclusion

This research unveils that LIPUS promotes the osteogenesis of force-treated PDLCs via downregulating Piezo1.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T Cells in acute myeloid leukemia: limitations and expectations
Authors: Guijarro-Albaladejo Beatriz , Marrero-Cepeda Cristina , Rodríguez-Arbolí Eduardo , Sierro-Martínez Belén , Pérez-Simón José Antonio , García-Guerrero Estefanía
Published: April 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis despite the advent of novel therapies. Consequently, a major need exists for new therapeutic options, particularly for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML. In recent years, it has been possible to individualize the treatment of a subgroup of patients, particularly with the emergence of multiple targeted therapies. Nonetheless, a considerable number of patients remain without therapeutic options, and overall prognosis remains poor because of a high rate of disease relapse. In this sense, cellular therapies, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, have dramatically shifted the therapeutic options for other hematologic malignancies, such as diffuse large B cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In contrast, effectively treating AML with CAR-based immunotherapy poses major biological and clinical challenges, most of them derived from the unmet need to identify target antigens with expression restricted to the AML blast without compromising the viability of the normal hematopoietic stem cell counterpart. Although those limitations have hampered CAR-T cell therapy translation to the clinic, there are several clinical trials where target antigens, such as CD123, CLL-1 or CD33 are being used to treat AML patients showing promising results. Moreover, there are continuing efforts to enhance the specificity and efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in AML. These endeavors encompass the exploration of novel avenues, including the development of dual CAR-T cells and next-generation CAR-T cells, as well as the utilization of gene editing tools to mitigate off-tumor toxicities. In this review, we will summarize the ongoing clinical studies and the early clinical results reported with CAR-T cells in AML, as well as highlight CAR-T cell limitations and the most recent approaches to overcome these barriers. We will also discuss how and when CAR-T cells should be used in the context of AML.
The bone marrow of mouse-rat chimeras contains progenitors of multiple pulmonary cell lineages
Authors: Li Enhong , Wen Bingqiang , Gao Dengfeng , Kalin Timothy R. , Wang Guolun , Kalin Tanya V. , Kalinichenko Vladimir V.
Published: April 2024

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication of anti-cancer treatments for thoracic and hematologic malignancies. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation restores hematopoietic cell lineages in cancer patients. However, it is ineffective in improving lung repair after RILI due to the paucity of respiratory progenitors in BM transplants. In the present study, we used blastocyst injection to create mouse-rat chimeras, these are artificial animals in which BM is enriched with mouse-derived progenitor cells. FACS-sorted mouse BM cells from mouse-rat chimeras were transplanted into lethally irradiated syngeneic mice, and the contribution of donor cells to the lung tissue was examined using immunostaining and flow cytometry. Donor BM cells provided long-term contributions to all lung-resident hematopoietic cells which includes alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells. Surprisingly, donor BM cells also contributed up to 8% in pulmonary endothelial cells and stromal cells after RILI. To identify respiratory progenitors in donor BM, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Compared to normal mouse BM, increased numbers of hematopoietic progenitors were found in the BM of mouse-rat chimeras. We also identified unique populations of hemangioblast-like progenitor cells expressing Hes1, Dntt and Ebf1, along with mesenchymal stromal cells expressing Cpox, Blvrb and Ermap that were absent or ultra-rare in the normal mouse BM. In summary, by using rats as “bioreactors”, we created a unique mouse BM cell transplant that contributes to multiple respiratory cell types after RILI. Interspecies chimeras have promise for future generations of BM transplants enriched in respiratory progenitor cells.
Single-component organic solar cells—Perspective on the importance of chemical precision in conjugated block copolymers
Authors: Theunissen Dries , Smeets Sander , Maes Wouter
Published: April 2024

Organic photovoltaics (OPV) present a promising thin-film solar cell technology with particular benefits in terms of weight, aesthetics, transparency, and cost. However, despite being studied intensively since the mid 90's, OPV has not entered the mass consumer market yet. Although the efficiency gap with other thin-film photovoltaics has largely been overcome, active layer stability and performance reproducibility issues have not been fully resolved. State-of-the-art OPV devices employ a physical mixture of electron donor and acceptor molecules in a bulk heterojunction active layer. These blends are prone to morphological changes, leading to performance losses over time. On the other hand, in “single-component” organic solar cells, the donor and acceptor constituents are chemically connected within a single material, preventing demixing and thereby enhancing device stability. Novel single-component materials affording reasonably high solar cell efficiencies and improved lifetimes have recently emerged. In particular, the combination of donor and acceptor structures in conjugated block copolymers (CBCs) presents an exciting approach. Nevertheless, the current CBCs are poorly defined from a structural point of view, while synthetic protocols remain unoptimized. More controlled synthesis followed by proper structural analysis of CBCs is, however, essential to develop rational structure-property-device relations and to drive the field forward. In this perspective, we provide a short overview of the state-of-the-art in single-component organic solar cells prepared from CBCs, reflect on their troublesome characterization and the importance of chemical precision in these structures, give some recommendations, and discuss the potential impact of these aspects on the field.
A new methodology for probabilistic flood displacement risk assessment: the case of Fiji and Vanuatu
Authors: Rossi Lauro , Ponserre Sylvain , Trasforini Eva , Ottonelli Daria , Campo Lorenzo , Libertino Andrea , Panizza Eleonora , Rudari Roberto
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an enhanced probabilistic flood displacement risk assessment methodology. Several techniques have been proposed to estimate the number of people at risk of being displaced triggered due to climatic extremes. Among these methods, the probabilistic approach is promising for its quantitative nature and versatility at different scales. However, it has so far been limited to assessing loss of housing as the sole cause of displacement. The proposed methodology addresses this limitation by considering two additional elements beyond the traditional evaluation of housing loss: the likelihood of losing means of livelihood, directly included in the computation, and the likelihood of losing access to essential services, such as schools and health centers, provided as a factor to increase the propensity to displace. This new methodology is applied to assess flood disaster displacement risk in Fiji and Vanuatu, where climate change, coupled with the vulnerability of exposed assets, poses an existential threat to these Pacific islands, potentially leading to internal and cross-border population movements. Different climate scenarios were considered: current climate conditions (1979–2016 period), medium-term projected climate conditions (2016–2060), and long-term projected climate conditions (2061–2100). The average annual displacement increases in Fiji and Vanuatu by a factor of 3 and 4, respectively, in the projected long-term pessimistic climate scenario compared to current conditions. Depending on the country and climate change scenario, 20 to 40% of these displacements stem from loss of livelihoods as a dominant factor, highlighting the importance of considering this aspect in the vulnerability approach. The outcomes of these scenarios serve as the foundation for implementing displacement risk adaptation and management measures. This novel quantitative methodology holds significant potential for applications in larger domains and even globally.
Development of a causal model of self-regulated learning by students at Loei Rajabhat University
Authors: Kumyoung Anuphum , Kessung Patthraporn , Pinasa Chaimongkhon , Srijumnong Jutamas , Inyai Chao
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Self-regulated learning is an active process in which learners employ self-directed behaviors, thoughts, and actions to attain learning objectives. It is essential for students as it can result in improved academic achievement, task completion, and the acquisition of life skills. The objectives of this research were to examine the congruence between a causal model of self-regulated learning and empirical data and to investigate the direct and indirect effects of the model on a sample of 660 students from Loei Rajabhat University.

Methods

The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the causal model of self-regulated learning aligns with the empirical data.

Results

The study showed that self-efficacy, achievement motive, and learning by imitation variables had a favorable impact on self-regulated learning. The achievement motive and learning by imitation have indirect impacts on self-regulated learning through the self-efficacy variable. The findings suggest an increase in self-efficacy, achievement motive, and learning by imitation. Increasing self-efficacy, achievement motive, and learning by imitation among students may be an effective strategy for enhancing the efficiency of self-regulated learning.

Discussion

This research suggests that teachers should organize teaching and learning activities that promote achievement motivation and develop self-efficacy, and they should be good role models for students. All parties, including administrators, should implement policies that promote and develop activities to create incentives for achievement. Self-efficacy and learning by imitation are necessary for students to practice self-regulated learning in the future.
Feasibility and safety of modified en-bloc resection in endoscopic thyroid surgery via bilateral areolar approach – long-term institutional analysis ten years after surgery
Authors: Xie Qiuping , Ma Junjie , Du Yu , Liu Lianxuan , Zhu Ruiying , Liu Danni , Wang Ping , Yu Xing
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to introduce a new modified en-bloc resection method and evaluate its feasibility and safety in endoscopic thyroid surgery via bilateral areolar approach (BAA).

Methods

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients who underwent lobectomy and ipsilateral central node dissection (CND) via the BAA approach were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated, including operative duration, lymph node yield (LNY), surgical complications, recurrence rate, and metastasis rate, over a ten-year follow-up period. Simultaneous lobectomy and CND were performed in the modified en-bloc group, whereas lobectomy was performed first, followed by CND in the conventional group.

Results

The study included 108 patients in the modified en-bloc group and 213 in the conventional group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, tumor locations, tumor dominant nodule size, or the incidence of concomitant Hashimoto thyroiditis when comparing clinicopathologic characteristics. The comparison of operative duration (P = 0.14), blood loss (P = 0.13), postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.58), incidence of transient vocal cord paralysis (P = 0.90) and hypocalcemia (P = 0.60) did not show any differences. The mean LNY achieved in the central compartment of the modified en-bloc group (7.5 ± 4.5) was significantly higher than that in the conventional group (5.6 ± 3.6). Two patients in the modified en-bloc group and two in the conventional group experienced metastasis after surgery during the ten-year follow-up (1.8% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.60). The learning curve analysis showed a significant decrease in operative duration after the 25-35th cases for modified en-bloc resection.

Conclusions

The modified en-bloc resection method in endoscopic thyroid surgery via BAA is a technically feasible and safe procedure with excellent cosmetic outcomes for selective PTC patients.
The value of G-CSF in women experienced at least one implantation failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Su Qing , Pan Zhuo , Yin Rong , Li Xuemei
Published: April 2024

Objective

Despite the developments of in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols, implantation failure remains a challenging problem, owing to the unbalance between the embryo, endometrium, and immune system interactions. Effective treatments are urgently required to improve successful implantation. Recently, many researchers have focused on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to regulate immune response and embryo-endometrium cross-talk. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings on the efficacy of G-CSF therapy on implantation failure. The objective of this review was to further explore the effects of G-CSF according to administration dosage and timing among women who experienced at least one implantation failure.

Methods

We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials of G-CSF on implantation failure up to July 21, 2023. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and the heterogeneity of the studies with the I2 index was analyzed.

Results

We identified a total of 2031 studies and finally included 10 studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis. G-CSF administration improved the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), implantation rate (IR), biochemical pregnancy rate (BPR), and live birth rate (LBR) in women with at least one implantation failure. Subgroup analyses showed that G-CSF treatment could exert good advantages in improving CPR [OR=2.49, 95%CI (1.56, 3.98), I2 = 0%], IR [OR=2.82, 95%CI (1.29, 6.15)], BPR [OR=3.30, 95%CI (1.42, 7.67)] and LBR [OR=3.16, 95%CI (1.61, 6.22), I2 = 0%] compared with the blank control group. However, compared with placebo controls, G-CSF showed beneficial effects on CPR [OR=1.71, 95%CI (1.04, 2.84), I2 = 38%] and IR [OR=2.01, 95%CI (1.29, 3.15), I2 = 24%], but not on LBR. In addition, >150μg of G-CSF treatment increased CPR [OR=2.22, 95%CI (1.47, 3.35), I2 = 0%], IR [OR=2.67, 95%CI (1.47, 4.82), I2 = 0%] and BPR [OR=2.02, 95%CI (1.17, 3.47), I2 = 22%], while ≤150μg of G-CSF treatment improved miscarriage rate (MR) [OR=0.14, 95%CI (0.05, 0.38), I2 = 0%] and LBR [OR=2.65, 95%CI (1.56, 4.51), I2 = 0%]. Moreover, G-CSF administration on the day of embryo transfer (ET) could increase CPR [OR=2.81, 95%CI (1.37, 5.75), I2 = 0%], but not on the day of ovum pick-up (OPU) or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) injection.

Conclusion

G-CSF has a beneficial effect on pregnancy outcomes to some extent among women who experienced at least one implantation failure, and the administration dosage and timing influence the effect size.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023447046.
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: age-stratified glycemic control
Authors: Wang Chi-Sheng , Pai Yen-Wei , Lin Ching-Heng , Lee I-Te , Chen Hsiao-Hui , Chang Ming-Hong
Published: April 2024

Background

We explore the effect of suboptimal glycemic control on the incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in both non-elderly and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

A 6-year follow-up study (2013-2019) enrolled T2DM patients aged >20 without DPN. Participants were classified into two groups: those below 65 years (non-elderly) and those 65 years or older (elderly). Biochemical measurements, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), were recorded regularly. DPN was diagnosed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument examination. The outcome was DPN occurrence in 2019.

Results

In 552 enrollments (69% non-elderly), DPN occurred in 8.4% non-elderly and 24.0% elderly patients. A higher initial HbA1C level was significantly linked with a higher risk of future DPN in the non-elderly group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.13–1.89, p=0.004). In comparison, HbA1c at the end of the study period was not associated with DPN in the non-elderly group (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 0.72–1.90, p=0.526). In the elderly group, no statistical relationship was found between HbA1C levels and DPN, either in 2013 or in 2019.

Conclusion

Suboptimal glycemic control at baseline, rather than at the end of the study period, predicts an increased risk of future DPN in individuals with T2DM under age 65. This correlation is not seen in elderly patients. Therefore, we recommend implementing enhanced glycemic control early in middle-aged T2DM patients and propose individualized therapeutic strategies for diabetes in different age groups.
Prediction of the potential geographical distribution of Cytospora chrysosperma in Xinjiang, China under climate change scenarios
Authors: Li Quansheng , Cao Shanshan , Sun Wei , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: April 2024

Cytospora canker caused by Cytospora chrysosperma has a wide range of hazards in Xinjiang, seriously affecting the development of Xinjiang’s characteristic forest and fruit industries. Climate change affects the distribution of fungal species and may exacerbate the risk of forest diseases such as cytospora canker. The present study was conducted on C. chrysosperma and makes predictions of potentially suitable area based on 133 records of C. chrysosperma distribution points and 47 environmental factors. We applied the MaxEnt model adjusted by the Kuenm package for feature class parameters (FC) and regularization multipliers (RM) to explore the main environmental factors affecting the geographical distribution of C. chrysosperma. And then we predicted its spatial distribution pattern and centroid change trend in potentially suitable area under three different Representative Concentration Pathways in the current scenario, 2041–2070, and 2071–2,100. The results showed that the optimal model with parameters FC = LQ and RM = 0.3 had the lowest model complexity and overfitting, and the model predicted with very high accuracy, AUC = 0.971 ± 0.0019. Considering the percent contribution, permutation importance of jackknife and single-factor response curve, the main environmental factors affecting its geographical distribution are precipitation seasonality (bio15), aspect cosine (aspectcosine), monthly variability in potential evapotranspiration (PETseasonality), and mean monthly potential evapotranspiration of the coldest quarter (PETColdestQuarter), with a cumulative contribution rate reaching 70.8%. Under the current climate scenarios, the total suitable area for C. chrysosperma is 82.35 × 104 km2, and the highly suitable area is 5.49 × 104 km2, accounting for 6.67% of the total suitable area, primarily located in the Tacheng, Yili, and Changji regions. Meanwhile, centroid transfer analysis indicates a tendency for its distribution to migrate towards lower latitudes under future climatic conditions. The MaxEnt model proposed in this study can be used to predict the distribution and risk of C. chrysosperma in Xinjiang and provide guidance for the prevention and control of cytospora canker.
Disulfidptosis-related signature elucidates the prognostic, immunologic, and therapeutic characteristics in ovarian cancer
Authors: Cong Yunyan , Cai Guangyao , Ding Chengcheng , Zhang Han , Chen Jieping , Luo Shiwei , Liu Jihong
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest malignancy in gynecology, but the mechanism of its initiation and progression is poorly elucidated. Disulfidptosis is a novel discovered type of regulatory cell death. This study aimed to develop a novel disulfidptosis-related prognostic signature (DRPS) for OC and explore the effects and potential treatment by disulfidptosis-related risk stratification.

Methods:

The disulfidptosis-related genes were first analyzed in bulk RNA-Seq and a prognostic nomogram was developed and validated by LASSO algorithm and multivariate cox regression. Then we systematically assessed the clinicopathological and mutational characteristics, pathway enrichment analysis, immune cell infiltration, single-cell-level expression, and drug sensitivity according to DRPS.

Results:

The DRPS was established with 6 genes (MYL6, PDLIM1, ACTN4, FLNB, SLC7A11, and CD2AP) and the corresponding prognostic nomogram was constructed based on the DRPS, FIGO stage, grade, and residual disease. Stratified by the risk score derived from DRPS, patients in high-risk group tended to have worse prognosis, lower level of disulfidptosis, activated oncogenic pathways, inhibitory tumor immune microenvironment, and higher sensitivity to specific drugs including epirubicin, stauroporine, navitoclax, and tamoxifen. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed the expression level of genes in the DRPS significantly varied in different cell types between tumor and normal tissues. The protein-level expression of genes in the DRPS was validated by the immunohistochemical staining analysis.

Conclusion:

In this study, the DRPS and corresponding prognostic nomogram for OC were developed, which was important for OC prognostic assessment, tumor microenvironment modification, drug sensitivity prediction, and exploration of potential mechanisms in tumor development.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in influenza virus-induced asthma exacerbation
Authors: van Geffen Chiel , Lange Tim , Kolahian Saeed
Published: April 2024

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a phenotypically heterogenous group of cells that potently suppress the immune response. A growing body of evidence supports the important role of MDSCs in a variety of lung diseases, such as asthma. However, the role of MDSCs in asthma exacerbation has so far not been investigated. Here, we studied the role of MDSCs in a murine model of influenza virus-induced asthma exacerbation. BALB/c mice were exposed to house dust mite (HDM) three times a week for a total of five weeks to induce a chronic asthmatic phenotype, which was exacerbated by additional exposure to the A/Hamburg/5/2009 hemagglutinin 1 neuraminidase 1 (H1N1) influenza virus. Induction of lung inflammatory features, production of T helper (Th) 1- and Th2- associated inflammatory cytokines in the lavage fluid and an increased airway hyper-responsiveness were observed, establishing the asthma exacerbation model. The number and activity of pulmonary M-MDSCs increased in exacerbated asthmatic mice compared to non-exacerbated asthmatic mice. Furthermore, depletion of MDSCs aggravated airway hyper-responsiveness in exacerbated asthmatic mice. These findings further denote the role of MDSCs in asthma and provide some of the first evidence supporting a potential important role of MDSCs in asthma exacerbation.
Activation of immune pathways in common bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, in response to bacterial immune challenges - a transcriptomics analysis
Authors: Meraj Sanam , Salcedo-Porras Nicolas , Lowenberger Carl , Gries Gerhard
Published: April 2024

The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is an urban pest of global health significance, severely affecting the physical and mental health of humans. In contrast to most other blood-feeding arthropods, bed bugs are not major vectors of pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms for this phenomenon are largely unexplored. Here, we present the first transcriptomics study of bed bugs in response to immune challenges. To study transcriptional variations in bed bugs following ingestion of bacteria, we extracted and processed mRNA from body tissues of adult male bed bugs after ingestion of sterile blood or blood containing the Gram-positive (Gr+) bacterium Bacillus subtilis or the Gram-negative (Gr–) bacterium Escherichia coli. We analyzed mRNA from the bed bugs’ midgut (the primary tissue involved in blood ingestion) and from the rest of their bodies (RoB; body minus head and midgut tissues). We show that the midgut exhibits a stronger immune response to ingestion of bacteria than the RoB, as indicated by the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Both the Toll and Imd signaling pathways, associated with immune responses, were highly activated by the ingestion of bacteria. Bacterial infection in bed bugs further provides evidence for metabolic reconfiguration and resource allocation in the bed bugs’ midgut and RoB to promote production of AMPs. Our data suggest that infection with particular pathogens in bed bugs may be associated with altered metabolic pathways within the midgut and RoB that favors immune responses. We further show that multiple established cellular immune responses are preserved and are activated by the presence of specific pathogens. Our study provides a greater understanding of nuances in the immune responses of bed bugs towards pathogens that ultimately might contribute to novel bed bug control tactics.
A comprehensive review of advances in hepatocyte microencapsulation: selecting materials and preserving cell viability
Authors: Wang Hailian , Wen Lebin , Jiang Fengdi , Ren Pengyu , Yang Yixin , Song Siyuan , Yang Zhengteng , Wang Yi
Published: April 2024

Liver failure represents a critical medical condition with a traditionally grim prognosis, where treatment options have been notably limited. Historically, liver transplantation has stood as the sole definitive cure, yet the stark disparity between the limited availability of liver donations and the high demand for such organs has significantly hampered its feasibility. This discrepancy has necessitated the exploration of hepatocyte transplantation as a temporary, supportive intervention. In light of this, our review delves into the burgeoning field of hepatocyte transplantation, with a focus on the latest advancements in maintaining hepatocyte function, co-microencapsulation techniques, xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation, and the selection of materials for microencapsulation. Our examination of hepatocyte microencapsulation research highlights that, to date, most studies have been conducted in vitro or using liver failure mouse models, with a notable paucity of experiments on larger mammals. The functionality of microencapsulated hepatocytes is primarily inferred through indirect measures such as urea and albumin production and the rate of ammonia clearance. Furthermore, research on the mechanisms underlying hepatocyte co-microencapsulation remains limited, and the practicality of xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation requires further validation. The potential of hepatocyte microencapsulation extends beyond the current scope of application, suggesting a promising horizon for liver failure treatment modalities. Innovations in encapsulation materials and techniques aim to enhance cell viability and function, indicating a need for comprehensive studies that bridge the gap between small-scale laboratory success and clinical applicability. Moreover, the integration of bioengineering and regenerative medicine offers novel pathways to refine hepatocyte transplantation, potentially overcoming the challenges of immune rejection and ensuring the long-term functionality of transplanted cells. In conclusion, while hepatocyte microencapsulation and transplantation herald a new era in liver failure therapy, significant strides must be made to translate these experimental approaches into viable clinical solutions. Future research should aim to expand the experimental models to include larger mammals, thereby providing a clearer understanding of the clinical potential of these therapies. Additionally, a deeper exploration into the mechanisms of cell survival and function within microcapsules, alongside the development of innovative encapsulation materials, will be critical in advancing the field and offering new hope to patients with liver failure.
Case report: Consecutive hyperbaric oxygen therapy for delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy resulting from CHANTER syndrome caused by opioid intoxication
Authors: Jingami Naoto , Cho Kosai , Nitta Takayuki , Takatani Miwa , Kobayashi Katsuya , Takenaka Ryo , Sugita Naoko , Ohtsuru Shigeru
Published: April 2024

Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) is a poorly recognized syndrome characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms following recovery from an acute hypoxic episode. Although most cases are related to carbon monoxide poisoning, some have been linked to excessive opioid use. Opioid intoxication has recently become known for manifesting the characteristic imaging findings involving cerebellar, hippocampal, and basal nuclei transient edema with restricted diffusion (CHANTER) syndrome. Herein, we present a patient with severe disturbances in consciousness who was initially diagnosed with CO poisoning but was later found to have taken excessive tramadol. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the acute phase revealed abnormal intensities in the bilateral globus pallidus and the cerebellum, indicative of CHANTER syndrome. After intensive care, his level of consciousness was restored. However, around the 3rd week after hospitalization, his consciousness gradually deteriorated and he developed severe neurological symptoms. Another MRI on day 25 revealed a new diffuse white matter abnormality; DPHL was suspected. Cerebrospinal fluid collected on day 28 revealed significantly elevated myelin basic protein levels. Although it was challenging to decide on a treatment plan, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy trials were initiated on day 58; the patient's condition improved after a series of HBO sessions. MRI revealed gradual shrinkage of the white matter abnormality. A total of 63 consecutive HBO sessions were performed, leading to the successful resolution of the serious neurological symptoms. While the effectiveness of HBO therapy for DPHL remains inconclusive, especially in opioid-related cases, this patient made a remarkable recovery, likely due to the therapeutic effect of improved cerebral blood flow and oxygenation.