bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ceratobasidium sp. is associated with cassava witches’ broom disease, a re-emerging threat to cassava cultivation in Southeast Asia
Authors: Leiva Ana M. , Pardo Juan M. , Arinaitwe Warren , Newby Jonathan , Vongphachanh Pinkham , Chittarath Khonesavanh , Oeurn Samoul , Thi Hang Le , Gil-Ordóñez Alejandra , Rodriguez Rafael , Cuellar Wilmer J.
Published: December 2023

Cassava witches' broom disease (CWBD) is a devastating disease of cassava in Southeast Asia (SEA), of unknown etiology. Affected plants show reduced internodal length, proliferation of leaves and weakening of stems. This results in poor germination of infected stem cuttings (i.e., planting material) and significant reductions in fresh root yields and starch content, causing economic losses for farmers and processors. Using a metagenomic approach, we identified a fungus belonging to the Ceratobasidium genus, sharing more than 98.3–99.7% nucleotide identity at the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), with Ceratobasidium theobromae a pathogen causing similar symptoms in cacao. Microscopy analysis confirmed the identity of the fungus and specific designed PCR tests readily showed (1) Ceratobasidium sp. of cassava is strongly associated with CWBD symptoms, (2) the fungus is present in diseased samples collected since the first recorded CWBD outbreaks in SEA and (3) the fungus is transmissible by grafting. No phytoplasma sequences were detected in diseased plants. Current disease management efforts include adjustment of quarantine protocols and guarantee the production and distribution of Ceratobasidium-free planting material. Implications of related Ceratobasidium fungi, infecting cassava, and cacao in SEA and in other potential risk areas are discussed.
A study of the impact of digital technology on industrial ecologisation in the Yellow River Basin of China
Authors: Xu Qinqin , Shu Siliang
Published: December 2023

The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier and economic core area in China, with problems such as fragile ecological environment and ecosystem degradation, and promoting industrial ecological transformation in resource cities is an important way to protect and improve the ecological and logical environment of the Yellow River Basin. Using panel data of 35 resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2012 to 2021, the impact of digital technology on industrial colonisation is empirically explored. The study finds (1) digital technology has a driving effect on the industrial ecological transformation of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin, and can be a new production tool to stimulate economic vitality; there is obvious regional heterogeneity in the impact of digital technology on industrial ecology, which significantly promotes the industrial ecological transformation of mid-stream and declining resource-based cities, and the facilitating effect is more obvious for declining resource-based cities. (2) From the moderating effect, fiscal decentralisation positively moderates the non-linear relationship between digital technology and industrial ecology. (3) From the perspective of threshold effect, the impact of digital technology on industrial ecologisation has a double threshold effect based on fiscal decentralisation, i.e. at the early stage of digital technology development, a reasonable degree of fiscal decentralisation can significantly promote the industrial ecological transformation of resource cities, but after the development of digital technology to a certain extent, the impact of fiscal decentralisation on industrial ecologisation will be gradually weakened, and will even bring negative effects to industrial transformation. Therefore, improving the development system of digital technology, giving the government moderate financial autonomy, and at the same time adhering to the local conditions and exploring the ecological development road in line with the characteristics of resource cities in the Yellow River Basin have positive significance for the industrial ecological transformation of resource cities in the Yellow River Basin.
Previously introduced braconid parasitoids target recent olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) invaders in Hawai’i
Authors: Stockton Dara G. , Aldebron Charlotte , Gutierrez-Coarite Rosemary , Manoukis Nicholas C.
Published: December 2023

The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) was detected on Maui and Hawai’i Islands in 2019, affecting yields and quality of the state’s emerging olive oil industry. Given previous parasitoid releases to control other invasive frugivorous tephritids in Hawai’i, we were interested in determining whether these parasitoids were naturally targeting recent olive fly invaders in field, if local olive cultivar differences affected parasitization rates, and if there was a seasonal pattern of parasitization that could inform future management decisions. To address these questions, we collected data from olive growing in Hawai’i during 2021 and 2022. During the fruiting season we collected monthly samples and reared out B. oleae in the lab. We detected two previously introduced braconid wasps: first Diachasmimorpha tryoni during 2021 and 2022 and later Fopius arisanus during the 2022 collection. Cultivar effects were limited to a single site in our study, where more D. tryoni were reared from ‘Arbequina’ olives. Seasonality of olive fruit fly and parasitoid activity was earlier in lower elevation sites, as expected based on tree phenology and temperature-dependent insect development. This represents the first report of D. tryoni parasitism activity against B. oleae and may reflect elevational effects combined with the ecological complexity in interactions between multiple invasive arthropod pests, their invasive and cultivated plant hosts, and introduced braconid parasitoids.
Design, fabrication and characterization of mesoporous yolk–shell nanocomposites as a sustainable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for synthesis of ortho-aminocarbonitrile tetrahydronaphthalenes
Authors: Kazempour Somayeh , Naeimi Hossein
Published: December 2023

A new structure of mesoporous spherical nanocomposites was designed and easily prepared from the reaction between NiCuFe2O4 nanoparticles and mesoporous silica in three steps. The prepared multi-yolk@shell NiCuFe2O4@mSiO2 mesoporous sphere was characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, VSM, EDX, BET, FE-SEM and HR-TEM techniques. This unique mesoporous nanocomposite sphere as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst has demonstrated highly catalytic activity for the green synthesis of tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives in 92–98% yields at reaction times of 60–75 min. This process was carried out through multi-component reaction of the cyclic ketone, malononitrile and aromatic aldehyde under solvent-free conditions. Furthermore, the procedure was optimized on the basis of catalyst loading amounts, various solvents and temperature conditions. This novel methodology exposes obvious benefits such as; catalyst reusability, easy reaction procedure, simplicity of work-up, excellent product yields and short reaction times.
Augmented reality versus standard tests to assess cognition and function in early Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Muurling Marijn , de Boer Casper , Vairavan Srinivasan , Harms Robbert L. , Chadha Antonella Santuccione , Tarnanas Ioannis , Luis Estefania Vilarino , Religa Dorota , Gjestsen Martha Therese , Galluzzi Samantha , Ibarria Sala Marta , Koychev Ivan , Hausner Lucrezia , Gkioka Mara , Aarsland Dag , Visser Pieter Jelle , Brem Anna-Katharine
Published: December 2023

Augmented reality (AR) apps, in which the virtual and real world are combined, can recreate instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and are therefore promising to measure cognition needed for IADL in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) both in the clinic and in the home settings. The primary aim of this study was to distinguish and classify healthy controls (HC) from participants with AD pathology in an early AD stage using an AR app. The secondary aims were to test the association of the app with clinical cognitive and functional tests and investigate the feasibility of at-home testing using AR. We furthermore investigated the test-retest reliability and potential learning effects of the task. The digital score from the AR app could significantly distinguish HC from preclinical AD (preAD) and prodromal AD (proAD), and preAD from proAD, both with in-clinic and at-home tests. For the classification of the proAD group, the digital score (AUCclinic_visit = 0.84 [0.75–0.93], AUCat_home = 0.77 [0.61–0.93]) was as good as the cognitive score (AUC = 0.85 [0.78–0.93]), while for classifying the preAD group, the digital score (AUCclinic_visit = 0.66 [0.53–0.78], AUCat_home = 0.76 [0.61–0.91]) was superior to the cognitive score (AUC = 0.55 [0.42–0.68]). In-clinic and at-home tests moderately correlated (rho = 0.57, p < 0.001). The digital score was associated with the clinical cognitive score (rho = 0.56, p < 0.001). No learning effects were found. Here we report the AR app distinguishes HC from otherwise healthy Aβ-positive individuals, both in the outpatient setting and at home, which is currently not possible with standard cognitive tests.
Adult African Toads as Bioindicators of Environmental Xenobiotic-induced DNA Damage and Systemic Toxicity Provide Insight into the Decline of Amphibian Populations
Authors: Gideon Alimba Chibusi
Published: December 2023

Xenobiotics are regularly being released into the environment due to increasing human exploitative activities. Individual actions and/or complex interactions among these xenobiotics, e.g., radiation, chemical contaminants, parasites/pathogens, toxic metals, climate change, among others, adversely affect amphibian populations. These xenobiotics are stressors that either kill or induce sub-lethal effects on amphibians. In this chapter, the use of adult African toads as bioindicators of xenobiotic-induced geno- and systemic toxicity is considered. Some xenobiotics also generate reactive oxygen species that elicit systemic toxicity and genotoxicity. Also, xenobiotics can directly induce sub-lethal toxicity in the organ systems. Alterations in body biochemistry, haematological indices, body morphology, and histopathology were common findings in systemic toxicity-affected African toads. Micronucleus and abnormal nuclear malformations were the common biomarkers of this anomaly. Damage induced by xenobiotics may also lead to pathophysiological, inflammatory, and genotoxic disorders, while reproductive abnormalities and morphological deformities are present as well. These alterations may incapacitate the toad and eventually lead to its death. These factors constitute a threat to amphibian health and are the hallmarks of population decline. However, there is a need for a better understanding of the causal relationship between environmental toxicant impacts and the decline in amphibian populations.
Amphibian Species as Experimental Models in Environmental Risk Assessment Studies – Epilogue and Final Remarks
Authors: Larramendy Marcelo L. , Eli Liwszyc Guillermo
Published: December 2023

Growing anthropogenic activities generate huge quantities of toxic residues that can have direct or indirect detrimental effects on the quality of our environment. The increase in their jeopardizing effects can exert short-, medium- and long-term consequences, affecting not only human health but also environmental health in general. Furthermore, these disturbances are usually capable, in most cases, of reducing the biodiversity of native flora and fauna, which will, in turn, encourage the resistance and emergence of new pests and diseases. This book intends to provide an outline, relevant examples and stimulate practical discussions on the use of non-conventional species from this group of vertebrates, the amphibians. It includes relevant tools that may be of use in the analysis prior to the implementation of decisions leading to actions, which will hopefully reduce environmental health risks against environmental factors. Our aim was to compile information from a diversity of sources into a single volume. The rationale is to give some real-life examples to widen the concept that the use of non-conventional animal models, far from being a scientific conundrum, may instead provide useful avenues to be explored and further develop as a way to provide help and real answers to some of the actual problems the whole planet is dealing with currently. Concomitantly, these concrete examples extend the concepts of hazardous factors to living species worldwide, which may stimulate new research ideas and trends in their respective important fields.
Interpretation: Incorporation of Xenobiotics Into Hair
Authors: Kronstrand Robert , Cooper Gail A.
Published: December 2023

The incorporation of drugs into hair has been investigated for decades, still there are many questions unanswered. In this chapter, the aim is to put forward, evaluate, and discuss the research that builds the scientific foundation for answering the most commonly asked questions by the practitioners when presented with a hair test result. Was a drug administered, how much was administered, and when was it administered?
Markers of Alcohol Use
Authors: Morini L. , Moretti M. , Carelli C.
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, hair analysis of alcohol biomarkers represents part of the routine workflow for many laboratories involved in clinical and forensic toxicology. In particular, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), namely ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate (EtPa), ethyl oleate and ethyl stearate, have been extensively studied in the last 20 years, as potential markers for the diagnosis of repeated alcohol consumption. To date, a continuative consumption of 60 g of pure alcohol or above per day is considered a potentially hazardous drinking behaviour. Two different thresholds have been recently chosen by the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) for both hEtG and EtPa; the lower cut-off (5.0 pg mg−1 for hEtG and 120 pg mg−1 for EtPa) aims to discriminate abstinence or occasional use from repeated alcohol consumption, while the higher concentration (30.0 pg mg−1 for hEtG and 350.0 pg mg−1 for EtPa) is suggested for the diagnosis of chronic excessive alcohol consumption. hEtG may be influenced by many factors, such as washout effects, cosmetic treatments, and pathological conditions, thus requiring an adequate interpretation. On the other hand hFAEEs are mainly affected by several hair products that lead to false positive results. Finally, cocaethylene (CE) is still a reliable marker of alcohol use among cocaine users.
Hair Versus Nails: Is There a Place for Other Keratin Matrices?
Authors: Cobo-Golpe M. , Lendoiro E. , de-Castro-Ríos A.
Published: December 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of nails to evaluate long-term and retrospective exposure to drugs of abuse and other substances of toxicological interest. Despite being a keratinized matrix like hair, nails and hair present differences that may affect drug incorporation and the interpretation of the results. This chapter describes the main characteristics of nails, as well as an update on the main mechanisms of drug incorporation into this keratinized matrix. Likewise, a review of the methodologies for the analysis of different drugs of abuse and psychoactive drugs in nails is included. Finally, the usefulness of nails for toxicological analysis is evaluated by comparing the disposition and concentrations of different drugs in hair and nails after single-dose administration and in cases of chronic exposure, and special considerations for nail result interpretation are detailed.
Hair Analysis in Asia
Authors: Kim Eunmi
Published: December 2023

This chapter describes hair analysis in Asian countries, particularly Korea, Japan, and China. Primarily, hair analytical methods of methamphetamine, cannabis, new psychoactive substances (ketamine and synthetic cannabinoids), and propofol were focused on. Recently developed analytical technologies in hair analysis such as metabolomics, imaging analysis, and single hair analysis were introduced and implemented. Asian countries have been using their own analytical methods by referring to international guidelines. These countries are also continuously developing new analytical methods, such as simultaneous analysis by increasing the data sets of abusers and substances. In order to minimize the risk of error, forensic laboratories must continuously develop standard methods and establish processes to ensure comparability, consistency, and traceability of forensic outcomes. International meetings can provide a collaborative space for all countries to share new information, and Asian countries have to actively participate in expanding and strengthening their knowledge of forensic science.
Thermodynamic Measurements: Potentiometry, UV/Vis Spectrometry and Calorimetry
Authors: Kanzaki Ryo
Published: December 2023

General information about metal complex formation equilibria, the definition of the stability constants, and the calculation of the formation distribution of metal complexes are presented. Acid–base dissociation of the ligand species is also covered. Then, the procedure to determine the stability constants of metal complexe by means of potentiometric, spectroscopic, and calorimetric titrations, as well as the experimental attention, is explained. The physical meaning and interpretation of the simultaneously obtained thermodynamic parameters are also discussed.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Umecky Tatsuya
Published: December 2023

NMR spectroscopy can be applied to a wide range of substances because several ions and complexes generally contain at least one NMR-active nucleus. One-dimensional NMR spectra provide valuable information about the structures of ion solvation and the complex in a solution. Additionally, using the Fourier-transform (FT) technique, relaxation times, self-diffusion coefficients, and two- (or more) dimensional spectra can also be measured. FT-NMR spectroscopy is a unique tool that provides a microscopic picture of the structure and dynamics of solvated ions and complexes in different solutions. In this section, the experimental measurements of one-dimensional spectra, relaxation times, self-diffusion coefficients, and two-dimensional spectra are discussed for solutions containing ions and complexes.
Metal Complexes in Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Umecky Tatsuya
Published: December 2023

Supercritical fluids (SCFs) are substances at a temperature and pressure that exceed the critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (pc). CO2 (Tc = 304.1 K, pc = 7.38 MPa) and H2O (Tc = 647.2 K, pc = 22.1 MPa) are frequently used as fluids in numerous technologies and research studies. These substances are thermally stable and inexpensive owing to their abundance in nature and have significant advantages in terms of industrial applications. CO2 can reach a supercritical state at moderate temperatures and pressures, and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) has been used for the extraction and separation of food, natural products, and pharmaceuticals since the 1980s. In this section, the fundamental properties of SCFs are introduced. Additionally, the dissolution behaviour and solvation structure of metal complexes in SC-CO2 are described with respect to extraction and separation.
Metal Complexes in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Takamuku Toshiyuki , Iida Masayasu
Published: December 2023

In the first part, the properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are briefly introduced. Then, the second part explains the investigations on the complexation of transition metal ions with ligands of anions and molecular liquids (MLs) in several imidazolium-based ILs using UV-visible spectroscopy and calorimetry. The mechanism of metal ion complexation in ILs is discussed in terms of the microscopic interactions among the IL cation, anion, and MLs observed using various techniques. The third part describes ILs with alkyl multidentate amines having transition-metal ions and protons. Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) of a series of silver(i) alkyl ethylenediamine complexes were synthesized and exhibited characteristic features. Protic ILs (PILs) composed of alkyl multidentate aminium cations, which successfully incorporated transition-metal ions, are discussed. Finally, a comparison between metal complexation in deep eutectic solvents (DES) versus ILs is represented.
Metal Complexes in Micellar and Liquid Crystalline Solutions
Authors: Iida Masayasu
Published: December 2023

Metal complexes in colloidal solutions have shown a variety of characteristic features and have potential functionalities. The current chapter focuses on the ion–ion and ion–solvent interactions in metal-containing micellar and liquid crystalline solutions. Cobalt(iii) and chromium(iii) complexes offer a variety of tripositive ions, so that we can observe strong ionic interactions between the metal complex ions and ionic surfactants in the colloidal solutions. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the studies of multicomponent aggregation systems because of the high receptivity and high selectivity to the environment around the observed nucleus. Specific interactions of metal ions in colloidal solutions are particularly enhanced in the systems where metal ions highly condense in aggregation solutions such as micelles, microemulsions, and liquid crystalline solutions composed of amphiphilic metal complexes, i.e. metallosurfactants. In the latter half of this chapter, a variety of unique molecular assemblies of metallosurfactants are reviewed and it is shown that they arise from the characteristic molecular structures, which are unattainable in conventional organic surfactants.
Solvent Extraction
Authors: Ekberg Christian
Published: December 2023

Solvent extraction or formally “liquid–liquid extraction” is an application where knowledge of solution speciation and coordination has a profound effect. The general idea is that different elements can be separated by distributing between two immiscible phases such as, e.g., water and kerosene. Several extraction mechanisms are discussed in some detail and expressions for the distribution ratios are derived. In addition, two typical uses for solvent extraction are outlined: the determination of stability constants of aqueous (and organic) complexes and separation process creation. Some basic thermodynamic considerations of a solvent extraction process are also derived and discussed.
Identifying ligands for the PHD1 finger of KDM5A through high-throughput screening
Authors: Ortiz Gloria , Longbotham James E. , Qin Sophia L. , Zhang Meng Yao , Lee Gregory M. , Neitz R. Jeffrey , Kelly Mark J. S. , Arkin Michelle R. , Fujimori Danica Galonić
Published: December 2023

To identify ligands for the regulatory PHD1 domain of KDM5A, high-throughput screening and biophysical validation were conducted and led to the identification of benzofuran ligands. This work offers a starting point for further optimization of PHD1 ligands.
Effects of omega-3, omega-6, and total dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Siqi , Hou Hongmei , Wang Yongjin , Li Yun , Zhang Le , Zhang Hui , Jin Qingzhe , Wu Gangcheng , Wang Xingguo
Published: December 2023

The comprehensive meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the association between intake of omega-3, omega-6, and total PUFAs was conducted, and cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality were also presented in this study.
Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil ameliorated oxaliplatin-induced demyelination by improving mitochondrial dysfunction via the Pink1/Parkin mitophagy pathway
Authors: Cheng Dekun , Wang Zhangtie , Guo Xin , Guo Yiwen , Zhang Yu , Zhao Yuanhui , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming
Published: December 2023

Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil ameliorated oxaliplatin-induced demyelination by improving mitochondrial dysfunction via the Pink1/Parkin mitophagy pathway.
Synthesis and enhanced room-temperature thermoelectric properties of CuO–MWCNT hybrid nanostructured composites
Authors: Sondors Raitis , Gavars Davis , Spalva Elmars , Kons Artis , Lohmus Rynno , Volkova Margarita , Meija Raimonds , Andzane Jana
Published: December 2023

Novel copper oxide–multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrid nanostructured composites showed a high Seebeck coefficient (∼700 μV K−1) and power factor (∼4 μW m−1 K−2), exceeding the values reported for the state-of-the-art counterparts.
Metal-free synthesis of functionalized tacrine derivatives and their evaluation for acetyl/butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibition
Authors: Shirisha Thangellapally , Majhi Subir , Divakar Kalivarathan , Kashinath Dhurke
Published: December 2023

The synthesis, in vitro activity, docking and molecular dynamics of tacrine derivatives were studied for AChE, BChE and α-glucosidase inhibition. It was found that many of the reported compounds here showed better activity than standard drugs.
A combined computational and experimental study of metathesis and nucleophile-mediated exchange mechanisms in boronic ester-containing vitrimers
Authors: Teotonico Jacopo , Mantione Daniele , Ballester-Bayarri Laura , Ximenis Marta , Sardon Haritz , Ballard Nicholas , Ruipérez Fernando
Published: December 2023

The mechanism of bond exchange in boronic-ester containing vitrimers is shown to occur by either direct metathesis or a nucleophile mediated mechanism, which can be used advantageously to give orders of magnitude increase in exchange dynamics.
Photoredox chromium and cobalt dual catalysis for carbonyl allylation with butadiene via allyl radical intermediates
Authors: Yan Huaipu , Zhang Dandan , Liu Yonghong , Wang Xin , Wu Zhixian , Jin Yunhe , Ding Xiaobo , Shan Jing-Ran , Hao Erjun , Shi Lei
Published: December 2023

The allylation of aldehydes with dienes was achieved using cobalt and chromium catalysts through a metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) pathway. The novel reaction resulted in the formation of various homo-allyl alcohols with excellent diastereoselectivity.
Total synthesis of peshawaraquinone through late-stage [3 + 2] cycloaddition or α-ketol rearrangement
Authors: Guo Huihui , Ren Li , Sang Xueli , Lu Xuena , Li Tian , Zhou Wenming , Rauf Abdur , Hao Hong-Dong
Published: December 2023

Two synthetic approaches to peshawaraquinone, an uncommon and complex naphthoquinone meroterpenoid, are described.
No-wash fluorogenic labeling of proteins for reversible photoswitching in live cells
Authors: Torii Kenji , Benson Sam , Hori Yuichiro , Vendrell Marc , Kikuchi Kazuya
Published: December 2023

HTL–Trp–BODIPY–FF enables reversible fluorescence photoswitching using a Halo-tag labeling system for no-wash live cell imaging.
Organocatalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide: towards green and sustainable oxidations
Authors: Poursaitidis Efthymios T. , Gkizis Petros L. , Triandafillidi Ierasia , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: December 2023

Green oxidation reactions performed by organocatalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide.
CryoEM reveals the complex self-assembly of a chemically driven disulfide hydrogel
Authors: Hurst Paul Joshua , Mulvey Justin T. , Bone Rebecca A. , Selmani Serxho , Hudson Redford F. , Guan Zhibin , Green Jason R. , Patterson Joseph P.
Published: December 2023

We elucidate the mechanisms of chemically driven self-assembly processes, demonstrating how synchronous assembly–disassembly reactions can stabilize transient structures and create morphologies that differ from conventional assemblies.
Enhancing the photocatalytic upcycling of polystyrene to benzoic acid: a combined computational-experimental approach for acridinium catalyst design
Authors: Ong Albert , Wong Zi Cheng , Chin Kang Le Osmund , Loh Wei Wei , Chua Ming Hui , Ang Shi Jun , Lim Jason Y. C.
Published: December 2023

Computational-assisted catalyst design facilitates identification of a potent non-intuitive fluorinated acridinium catalyst for aerobic photoredox conversion of polystyrene to benzoic acid.
Adsorption of active polymers on attractive nanoparticles
Authors: Shen Yi-Fan , Hu Han-Xian , Luo Meng-Bo
Published: December 2023

The critical attraction strength for the adsorption of active polymers on nanoparticles increases with the active force. It becomes more sensitive to the length of the polymers under the action of active force.
Comparative study of polycrystalline and single-crystal NCM811 cathode materials: the role of crystal defects in electrochemical performance
Authors: Zhu Boyuan , Ning Yadong , Xu Ziyang , Wei Guangye , Qu Jingkui
Published: December 2023

The lower crystal structure defects caused by asymmetric Li/Ni mixing in the single crystal morphology of NCM811 material determine its better structural stability than the polycrystalline morphology.
Synergetic impact of nitrate-based additives for enhanced solid electrolyte interphase performance
Authors: Basu Swastik , Hwang Gyeong S.
Published: December 2023

Spontaneous Li-induced decomposition of nitrate species leads to dispersion of lithiophilic impurities with a stabilizing influence on desirable amorphous SEI phases.
Ionization of hole-transporting materials as a method for improving the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Tingare Yogesh S. , Lin Chien-Hsiang , Su Chaochin , Chou Sheng-Chin , Hsu Ya-Chun , Ghosh Dibyajyoti , Lai Ning-Wei , Lew Xin-Rui , Tretiak Sergei , Tsai Hsinhan , Nie Wanyi , Li Wen-Ren
Published: December 2023

We present ionization as a novel method for improving perovskite solar cells performance. The ionic HTMs give higher efficiency than the non-ionic derivative due to improved interfacial properties, defect passivation, and ideal surface topographies.
Gastruloids — a minimalistic model to study complex developmental metabolism
Authors: Dingare Chaitanya , Steventon Ben
Published: December 2023

Metabolic networks are well placed to orchestrate the coordination of multiple cellular processes associated with embryonic development such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and cell movement. Here, we discuss the advantages that gastruloids, aggregates of mammalian embryonic stem cells that self-assemble a rudimentary body plan, have for uncovering the instructive role of metabolic pathways play in directing developmental processes. We emphasise the importance of using such reductionist systems to link specific pathways to defined events of early mammalian development and their utility for obtaining enough material for metabolomic studies. Finally, we review the ways in which the basic gastruloid protocol can be adapted to obtain specific models of embryonic cell types, tissues and regions. Together, we propose that gastruloids are an ideal system to rapidly uncover new mechanistic links between developmental signalling pathways and metabolic networks, which can then inform precise in vivo studies to confirm their function in the embryo.
Impact of alteration corridors on karst reservoir organisation and evolution of groundwater flow path: An example from the southern border of the Larzac Causse, southern France
Authors: Baral Céline , Séranne Michel , Camus Hubert , Jouves Johan
Published: December 2023

All the features of karstic reservoirs result from the chemical and/or mechanical erosion of an initial rock volume, which modifies the initial petrophysical properties (i.e., porosity and permeability). The spatial distribution and organisation of the karst system in a carbonate massif are often overlooked in studies on karst hydrological functioning. However, these parameters are key to understand and accurately model dynamic flow. This contribution aims at characterising the nature and impact of alteration corridors on the organisation and evolution of the karstic reservoir and its present-day functioning. We focus on characterising the specific impact of the late onset of pocket valley regressive erosion on the organisation of the present-day drainage system. We used a 3D approach to correlate field observations on the surface and in caves, with remote sensing. The expression of alteration corridors is analysed in a 40 km2 area on the southern border of the Larzac Causse. This Jurassic carbonate massif is affected over its entire thickness by a network of vertically elongated alteration corridors containing dissolution-collapse breccia, mainly oriented in a N-S direction. Ghost-rock karstification played a significant part in the karstic reservoir structure and evolution. Alteration corridors result from the in-situ dissolution of the bedrock along an initial jointing pattern. The dissolution-collapse breccia corridors correspond to ghost-rock corridors selectively emptied of their alterite, under the effect of a hydraulic gradient. The vertically elongated structure of alteration corridors that cross-cut the Jurassic sequence enables fluid circulation from an upper to a lower aquifer, which were initially separated by a Toarcian marly seal unit. The subsequent initiation of pocket valleys led to the rapid evacuation of the residual alterite contained in ghost-rock corridors, under the influence of gravity. These alteration corridors determine the position of present-day pocket valley springs and enhance the regressive erosion dynamics, that progressively capture a north-east flowing watershed (Vis River). Finally, residual alterites are evacuated below the overflow spring altitude during high-flow events by flooding/dewatering of galleries. Such mechanisms of alterite evacuation provide insight into i) the part of the karstic reservoir that is connected to the spring, and ii) the dynamics of the associated flows. This study suggests that corridor networks constitute a substantial volume of porous and permeable materials that plays a major role in the present-day groundwater flow path. Such features should be considered valuable drilling targets for water exploration when located below the piezometric level.
Avoid construction failure by controlling settlement with a geosynthetic enchased geofoam granular column
Authors: Saputra Rusdi , Zaika Yulvi
Published: December 2023

Soils with low bearing capacity (soft soils) can cause the collapse of overlying structures. Before the superstructure is built, the soft soil needs to be improved first. Effective methods to improve soft soils include applying vertical drain techniques or using geofoam materials. With vertical drains, such as PVD or sand drains, the soft soil settlement can be controlled, while geofoam can be used as a top layer material on soft soil. The purpose of this research is to investigate the performance of Sand Geofoam Granule Columns (SGGCs) as a vertical drain. These SGGCs consist of sand-geofoam as the core and geotextile as the wrapper and filter. Variation in diameter and spacing of SGGCs is investigated in large-scale model consolidation equipment in laboratories. The result of the study is that the optimal performance of SGGC is at a diameter of 4.85 cm with 3D spacing. Soft soil improvement with SGGC as a vertical drain can accelerate consolidation time and improve soil bearing capacity.
The effect of geological characteristics and earthquakes on natural slope stability analysis in landslide modeling using static and pseudostatic methods in Cianjur Area, West Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Khori Sugianti , Antonina Pri Martireni , Iwan Gunawan Tejakusuma , Firman Prawiradisastra , Syakira Trisnafiah , Riski Fitriani , Dimas Biwas Putra , Zufialdi Zakaria , Bayu Budiman
Published: December 2023

The earthquake in Cianjur occurred on Monday, November 21, 2022. The epicenter was in Cugenang Subdistrict, Cianjur District, West Java Province. Cianjur is an area that is susceptible to landslides, which can be triggered by high rainfall and earthquake shocks. The Cianjur earthquake caused collateral hazard landslides that occurred in several locations. Based on the static and pseudo-static analysis, the pseudo-static analysis will provide information on how much the slope safety number decreases when earthquake loads are applied. This study aims (1) to calculate the safety factor value (SF) of slopes under static and pseudo-static conditions to assess the stability of the natural slope and (2) to determine the influence of geological characteristics and the Cianjur earthquake on slope stability analysis in landslides in Cianjur and its surroundings. Slope stability analysis was carried out using static and pseudo-static methods. This research result shows that the condition of the slopes of the study area before the earthquake occurred was in safe condition. The condition of the slopes in the study area experienced a decrease in the safety value of the slope from natural conditions to increased loads or earthquake shaking.
Performance improvement of earthquake-resistant steel structure system EBF (Eccentrically Braced Frame) by using modified long links
Authors: Chairi Maiyozzi , Zaidir  , Haris Sabril , Yurisman
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the results of a numerical study of the behavior of paired Long links in a modified EBF portal. The aim of the research is to examine the behavior of Long links and their EBF portals numerically against the parameters that influence the behavior of Long links and obtain behavior that approaches the performance of short links according to AISC-341 loading standards. The analysis uses a finite element approach MSC/NASTRAN 2023. The portal is modeled as a shell element supported at the base of the column, lateral loading is carried out at the left end of the beam-column junction (x-axis). While the link element is modeled as a shell element supported at both ends, several nodes in the loading position are allowed to translate in the y-axis direction. The analysis results show the parameters of web thickness, and flange thickness, along with the thickness and geometric stiffeners. Several modeled link types can improve Long-link performance in terms of strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation. However, significant results have not yet been obtained regarding the performance of long links which are close to the performance of sliding links.
Comparison of earthquake acceleration amplification values based on the CPTu and geomorphology approach in the area around the Lembang Fault, Indonesia
Authors: Jaya Syahbana Arifan , Sugianti Khori , Pri Martireni Antonina , Hermawan Koko , Sukristiyanti  , Wahyudin  , Tri Atmojo Hasan , Akbar Firdaus Rival
Published: December 2023

The Lembang Fault is one of the sources of earthquakes in the Bandung Basin area, Indonesia. Located at coordinates -6.795075°, 107.463449° to -6.865538°, 107.737159° and has a segment length of approximately 29 km, this fault has a potential earthquake hazard that needs to be taken into account. Earthquake hazards originating from its source, namely bedrock, must be analyzed up to the surface. For this reason, a study of the amplification value needs to be carried out. To date, an easy method for analyzing amplification is using the Vs30 approach based on CPTu and geomorphology. This paper aims to obtain amplification values based on the CPTu (electric sondir) and geomorphological methods. This study obtained a 43% agreement, which was indicated by the similarity of the amplification value, which was close to 1. The geomorphology method showed a larger value (more than 1.6). This finding indicates that the equation is used as if it were in an area with a PGA value below 0.1g. Meanwhile, the average value of the two methods is considered relevant, close to 1 or the same as at the earthquake's epicenter. In the future, a more comprehensive method is needed to evaluate the geomorphology equation and the CPTu correlation to the Vs.
Disaster logistics management in Pasaman after 2022 earthquake
Authors: Ophiyandri Taufika , Kholidasari Inna , Sundari Susanti , Kaewsaengon Rudsada
Published: December 2023

Indonesia is a disaster-prone country and at high risk. Reducing risk can be carried out by minimizing disaster logistics problems during an emergency stage. On 25 February 2022 an earthquake occurred in Pasaman area which caused 27 fatalities and forced 19.221 people to become refugees. Humanitarian logistics management is found to be one the main problems. This study aims to investigate how the management of disaster logistics during the emergency period of the earthquake disaster in West Pasaman Regency and to identify the problems that occur in the management of disaster logistics. Data collection was carried out through interviews with stakeholders related to disaster logistics and data was analysed using thematic analysis. The research produced a flowchart of disaster logistics management. From the flowchart, it can be seen the unnecessary and/or repetitive activity, as well as processes that are inconsistent. The problems were also identified. Opportunities for improvement in the disaster logistics management process can also be seen from the results of this study. It is hoped that this research will be useful for various stakeholders related to disaster logistics management, for the West Pasaman Regency, as well as other disaster-prone areas in Indonesia.
A systematical review of tourism disaster management: insights from Indonesian’s journey
Authors: Teguh Fathani Aqil , Ekha Putera Roni , Asrinaldi  , Rika Valentina Tengku , Hariyati Desy , Holidin Defny , Agustiyara
Published: December 2023

The aims of this study are to reconstruct pre-existing frameworks and thereafter modify them by incorporating insights gained from the occurrence of disasters in Indonesia. There is a pressing need for developing a new model that can effectively and efficiently assist the management of tourism-related disasters, incorporating robust resilience measures to enhance overall outcomes. This research employs a comprehensive literature review approach by examining 68 articles from the Scopus database about tourism disaster management, with a specific focus on Indonesia. The research findings indicate a novel framework of four distinct phases that have been developed, incorporating strategic aspects and fundamental reactions to manage tourism disasters. These stages encompass pre-disaster, disaster, post-disaster, and future views of disasters to provide a comprehensive of the responsible players involved, and potential solutions for effectively managing future tourism disasters. In order to enhance the capacity of these actors to devise more adaptable and effective strategies for predicting and mitigating the impacts of tourism, it is imperative to foster their ability to produce flexible and efficient solutions. Moreover, the utilization of research findings as a point of reference for establishing new policies is applicable to nations with relevance, developmental similarities, or geographical proximity to Indonesia.
Potential impact and return period analysis study of Sumatra paleo megathrust earthquake using scaling law relations of earthquake parameter (case study: Siberut-West Sumatra megathrust earthquake 1797, Mw 8.2 ~ 8.8)
Authors: Murjaya Jaya , Ahadi Suaidi , Hattori Katsumi , Setyo Rahman Aditya , Demon Sili Petrus , Karnawati Dwikorita , Sugianto Dedi , Sutiyono  , Sulastri
Published: December 2023

The paleo-megathrust earthquake occurred in Siberut, West Sumatra in 1797 and it was estimated to have a magnitude (Mw) of about 8.2–8.8. This earthquake triggered a tsunami in the West Sumatra coast and its vicinity. The seismograph was not installed yet at that time, therefore it didn’t has earthquake parameter for advanced analysis. This study hoped to be able to see the earthquake potential impact if the earthquake occurred in this present era. Hereinafter using the scaling law relations of earthquake kinematic model in processing. The result is maximum intensity in Siberut and Tanahbala islands about VII-IX MMI, Painan, Padang, and Pariaman cities about V-VII MMI, and the northern part of West Sumatra region about VI-VII MMI. The PGA in Siberut and Tanahbala is about 60 % g, and Painan, Padang, and Pariaman are about 20 % g or more. Then the value of PGV in Siberut and Tanahbala is about 60 cm/s, in Painan about 10-20 cm/s, and in Padang and Pariaman city about 20-30 cm/s. Furthermore, an estimation of the return period of the earthquake if the source mechanism was modelled as a thrust and strike-slip faults for Mw 8.2-8.8 about 185 until 235 years and 336 until 616 years respectively.
Experience in handling the 2009 earthquake in Padang City and the role of The Regional Disaster Management Agency in disaster management
Authors: Septa Hendri , Harmadi Algamar Andree , Yuliza Yenni , Yunanda Rezko
Published: December 2023

The city of Padang is beautiful, but has many potential disasters such as floods, landslides, tornadoes, storms, coastal erosion, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Based on disaster trend data, floods have been the most frequent disaster in the last 15 years, but the disaster that greatly impacted the city of Padang was the earthquake on September 30, 2009, which resulted in 383 deaths. After the 2009 earthquake, the Government of Padang City continuously made efforts to reduce disaster risk with the Padang City Regional Disaster Management Agency as the leading sector. Various mitigation and preparedness efforts have been carried out to minimize risk, especially for the potential for an earthquake that can trigger a tsunami on the Mentawai Megathrust fault.
Risk analysis in the precast concrete industry supply chain
Authors: Muka I. Wayan , Ika Wahyuni Putu , Boy Wendi , Widiarca I Ketut
Published: December 2023

Supply chain management (SCM) is a concept and strategic step that is currently widely used by small and medium industries to increase their productivity. Risk analysis in the supply chain is an important issue, because often companies are not aware of the risks until the risks emerge and become a problem for the company. The research results show that supply chain risk management in the precast concrete industry can be carried out based on the level of risk, namely by accepting risk, mitigating risk, sharing risk, and avoiding risk. Risk management at a critical level is included in risk avoidance, where risks cannot be avoided so extraordinary handling must be carried out, immediately and as quickly as possible in order to minimize the impact of greater risks. The risk categories that emerge are included in the risk management group of accepting risk, mitigating risk, and sharing risk where risk management is still considered easier for companies to handle.
Evaluation of climate change on the collapse potential of unsaturated cement-treated laterite soil for disaster risk reduction
Authors: Abdul Wahab Norshakila , Safuan A Rashid Ahmad , Jawed Roshan Mohamed , Razali Roslizayati
Published: December 2023

Extreme weather events and intense rainfall may alter the climate, which would probably affect the geotechnical constructions such as unsaturated embankments. Basically, soil moisture content determines the strength of the unsaturated soil, with wetter soils often being weaker. Although it has been proved that unsaturated condition substantially impacts the shear strength and volumetric behaviour of soil, its implications are rarely investigated or taken into account in the design. As a result, changes in temperature and rainfall loads will have an influence on geotechnical constructions and develop long-term seasonal deformations that might severely jeopardize safety and maintenance. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the effects of the climate on soil behaviour for each location through adequate geotechnical laboratory tests. Johor, Malaysia has a large area and abundant tropical soils. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the influence of climate change on soil behaviour in the tropical regions of Johor. To impose Malaysia's climate, a series of modified suction-controlled oedometer tests are conducted under different matric suctions. The outcomes revealed that the low and high matric suction has significantly impacted the untreated and cementtreated soil. However, the great reduction of soil settlement is mostly from the coupling effect of saturation and stabiliser.