bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Media Kartu Kosakata pada Latihan Membaca bagi Pemelajar Asing di Sekolah Darul Muhmin Thailand
Authors: Fani Mulyana Mei , Febriyana Mutia
Published: January 2025

ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan media kartu kosakata pada latihan membaca bagi pemelajar asing di sekolah Darul Muhmin, Thailand. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian kelas 6-III di sekolah Darul Muhmin dengan total 19 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari observasi, tes, dan wawancara. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 2 minggu, pada minggu pertama siswa berlatih membaca tanpa menggunakan media kartu kosakata dan minggu kedua siswa menggunakan media kartu kosakata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media kartu kosakata dapat diterapkan untuk latihan membaca bagi pemelajar asing. Penggunaan media kartu kosakata pada latihan membaca menjadi alternatif dan inovasi baru dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran BIPA. Siswa menjadi aktif dan membuat pembelajaran menjadi menarik.
Kata kunci: pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, keterampilan membaca, kartu kosakata, BIPA
 
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the use of vocabulary flashcards of reading practice for foreign learners at Darul Muhmin School, Thailand. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods with the research subject of class 6-III at Darul Muhmin School with a total of 19 students. Data collection methods include observation, tests, and interviews. This study was conducted for two weeks, on the first-week students practiced reading without using vocabulary flashcards and the second-week student using vocabulary flashcards. The results show that the use of vocabulary flashcard can be applied to reading practice as one of the new alternatives in BIPA learning. Students become active and make learning interesting.
Keyword: Indonesia language teaching, reading skills, vocabulary flashcard, BIPA
Degradasi Penggunaan Bahasa Kaili sebagai Bahasa Ibu pada Masyarakat Tawaeli, Kota Palu
Authors: Syamsuddin Syamsuddin , Putra Rizky Anugrah , Mardiah Mardiah
Published: January 2025

ABSTRAK
Perubahan sosial dan budaya yang terjadi saat ini memberikan dampak negatif terhadap penggunaan bahasa daerah, khususnya bahasa Kaili di Sulawesi Tengah, yang mengalami penurunan baik dalam minat maupun pemakaian di kalangan masyarakat. Untuk mengkaji fenomena ini, penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis degradasi bahasa Kaili di Kecamatan Tawaeli, Palu. Dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini, peneliti melakukan observasi terhadap masyarakat Kaili yang tinggal di Kecamatan Tawaeli. Melalui wawancara dan distribusi kuesioner kepada 108 responden, peneliti menemukan adanya penurunan dalam penggunaan bahasa Kaili. Salah satu faktor utama yang menyebabkan hal ini adalah rendahnya minat masyarakat untuk mempromosikan dan mengenalkan bahasa Kaili kepada generasi muda dan diperburuk dengan sikap acuh takacuh dari generasi muda terhadap bahasa tersebut. Selain itu, dukungan dari pemerintah daerah untuk menyediakan ruang dan kesempatan bagi masyarakat dalam melestarikan bahasa Kaili belum optimal. Hingga kini, belum ada langkah nyata dalam perencanaan atau pelestarian bahasa Kaili. Tidak adanya peraturan hukum atau peraturan daerah yang mengatur pengembangan dan pelestarian bahasa Kaili sebagai bagian dari identitas masyarakat Sulawesi Tengah turut memperburuk keadaan. Ketiga faktor ini memerlukan perhatian serius dari semua pihak agar pelestarian bahasa Kaili dapat terlaksana dengan baik.
Kata kunci: Bahasa Ibu, Bahasa Kaili, Degradasi, Tawaeli
 
ABSTRACT
Social and cultural changes today have negatively impacted the use of regional languages, particularly the Kaili language in Central Sulawesi, leading to a decline in both interest and usage within the community. This study aims to analyze the degradation of the Kaili’S language in the Tawaeli District, Palu. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the researcher observed the Kaili community in Tawaeli and collected data through interviews and questionnaires distributed to 108 respondents. The findings indicate a decline in Kaili language use, primarily due to the low interest in promoting and introducing it to the younger generation, compounded by the younger generation's indifference towards the language. Additionally, local government support for the preservation of the Kaili language has been inadequate, with no significant initiatives for planning or conservation. The lack of legal regulations or local laws to support the development and preservation of Kaili as part of Central Sulawesi's cultural identity also exacerbates the issue. These factors require urgent attention from all parties involved to ensure the effective preservation of the Kaili language.
Keyword: Degradasi, Mother Tongue, Kailinese, Tawaeli
Analisis Pendahuluan Pengembangan Modul Fiksi Realistik dalam Pembelajaran Apresiasi Sastra di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Serani Gabriel , Oktaviani Ursula Dwi , Kurniati Agusta , Parida Lusila
Published: January 2025

ABSTRAK
Pembelajaran sastra anak di sekolah dasar (SD) kurang relevan dalam mengembangkan kemampuan apresiasi sastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan pembelajaran sastra anak di kelas IV SD serta merancang desain pembelajaran fiksi realistik guna meningkatkan kemampuan apresiasi sastra secara holistik sesuai dengan tuntutan Kurikulum Merdeka. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, melalui analisis dokumen kurikulum, angket guru, observasi kelas, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran fiksi realistik di kelas IV SD belum optimal, dengan aktivitas yang cenderung teoretis dan kurang mendukung pengembangan keterampilan apresiasi sastra secara komprehensif. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dikembangkan modul pembelajaran fiksi realistik berbasis model ADDIE yang mengintegrasikan Quick Response Code (QR Code). Desain modul ini menyediakan materi multimodal yang dapat diakses melalui QR Code, mendukung gaya belajar audio visual, serta mengakomodasi kebutuhan apresiasi sastra secara lebih holistik dan interaktif.
Kata kunci: QR code, fiksi realistik, apresiasi sastra
 
ABSTRACT
The teaching of children’s literature in elementary schools is often less relevant and effectiveness, particularly in fostering students' literary appreciation skills. This study aims to analyze the instructional needs of children’s literature in fourth-grade elementary classrooms and design a realistic fiction learning framework to holistically enhances literary appreciation skills in alignment with the demands of the Merdeka Curriculum. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, through curriculum document analysis, teacher questionnaires, classroom observations, and interviews. The findings reveal that the teaching of realistic fiction in fourth-grade classrooms has not been optimal, characterized by predominantly theoretical activities that inadequately support the comprehensive development of literary appreciation skills. In response to these findings, a realistic fiction teaching module was developed based on the ADDIE model, integrating QR Code technology. This module offers multimodal materials accessible via QR Codes, accommodating audio-visual learning style, and accomodates the need for  a more holistic and interactive approach to literary appreciation.
Keyword: QR code, realistic fiction, literary appreciation
РОЗРОБКА ПРОГРАМНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДЛЯ ОЦІНКИ ОРИГІНАЛЬНОСТІ ТЕКСТІВ
Authors: АСТІСТОВА Т. І. , СЕДЛЯР А. О.
Published: January 2025

Мета. Розробити програмне забезпечення, що поєднує стандартні методи та технології штучного інтелекту для оцінки оригінальності тексту при написанні наукових робіт.
Методика. В основу розробки програмного забезпечення було покладено теоретичні та експериментальні дослідження, які використовуються для аналізу методів розпізнавання текстів генерованих штучним інтелектом, виборі та аналізі нейронної мережі для виявлення патернів та відповідних закономірностей при написанні тексту людиною та штучним інтелектом та інтеграції цієї моделі в програмне забезпечення. для перевірки тексту на оригінальність, реалізація технологій аналізу тексту.
Результати. Основні результати роботи можна розділити на три взаємопов’язані аспекти: аналітичний, проектувальний і практичний, кожен з яких зробив вагомий внесок у досягнення поставленої мети. В результаті дослідження було здійснено ґрунтовний аналіз предметної області, розглянуто поняття штучного інтелекту, його архітектуру, функціонування нейронних мереж та їх застосування для аналізу текстів, технічні характеристики і можливості сучасних моделей ШІ, а також аспектам їхньої інтеграції у процес перевірки текстів, висвітлено питання академічної доброчесності, включаючи визначення плагіату, його види та культурні особливості сприйняття цього явища у процесах навчання й наукової діяльності, створено теоретичний фундамент для розроблення інструмента, який здатен враховувати як технічні, так і етичні аспекти.
Докладно розглянуто структуру програми, її алгоритми, методи інтеграції з API для аналізу текстів та формату зберігання даних, розроблено алгоритм подібності, який став основою для виявлення схожості текстів. Це дозволило створити чітку та логічну архітектуру продукту, яка забезпечує його функціональність та ефективність.
Наукова новизна. Запропоноване оригінальне рішення у вигляді інтегрованої системи яка має поєднувати класичні методи перевірки тексту на оригінальність з розпізнаванням тексів, створених штучним інтелектом, що є важливим кроком на шляху до доказу академічної доброчесності в контексті, коли штучний інтелект буде використовуватися все ширше в багатьох сферах нашого життя.
Практична цінність. Програмне забезпечення для технологій обробки тексту представляє собою комплексне дослідження, спрямоване на розроблення програмного продукту, здатного ефективно виявляти плагіат і аналізувати тексти, створені за допомогою штучного інтелекту. Розроблений інструмент відкриває нові можливості для боротьби з академічною не доброчесністю, сприяє автоматизації рутинних процесів і підтримує етичні стандарти у сфері освіти та науки.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ СПРОМОЖНОСТІ ГРОМАД У ПРОЄКТАХ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ШЛЯХОМ НАВЧАННЯ З ПИТАНЬ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ
Authors: ЛІСОВИК В. Л. , ШЕВЧЕНКО О. М. , ШОВКАЛЮК М. М.
Published: January 2025

Вступ. Одним із викликів для України в нинішніх умовах є швидка і професійна реалізація проєктів відновлення в територіальних громадах, що постраждали від військової агресії. Крім того, наша держава має міжнародні зобов’язання в сфері енергетичної і екологічної безпеки, тому відновлення нерозривно пов’язано із проєктами підвищення енергетичної ефективності, розвитком систем енергетичного менеджменту. Таким чином, територіальні громади потребують кваліфікованих фахівців з відповідними знаннями і компетентностями.
Мета. Підвищення спроможності міст щодо участі у проєктах відновлення шляхом розвитку компетенцій фахівців територіальних громад з питань планування і впровадження енергоефективних проєктів. Розвиток спроможності громад з досягнення кліматичної нейтральності та поширення отриманого досвіду з розробки та впровадження енергоефективних проєктів в рамках відновлення України.
Методика. Дослідження включало опитування фахівців територіальних громад, виконання аналізу їх потреб і подальшого складання навчальної програми. В ході навчання застосовувалися активні методи, які розвивають як професійні навички для вирішення спеціалізованих завдань управління і супроводження проєктів протягом життєвого циклу („hard skills”), так і допоміжних компетентностей („soft skills”). Використано наступні методи досліджень: SWOT-аналіз, техніко-економічний аналіз, моделювання, системний підхід до управління проєктами з урахуванням життєвого циклу.
Результати. розроблено рекомендації і шаблони документів для створення групи впровадження проєктів, розроблено навчальну програму для фахівців територіальних громад, що включає лекції, практичні вправи, індивідуальні і групові завдання, інтерактивні ділові ігри, тестування, самостійну роботу, обмін досвідом. Організовано навчання для представників територіальних громад; в рамках виконання самостійного тренінгового завдання розроблено техніко-економічні обґрунтування (ТЕО) для 12 будівель комунальної власності.
Наукова новизна. На основі аналізу потреб громад сформульовано тематику для проведення тренінгів та розроблено навчальну програму для груп впровадження проєктів підвищення енергоефективності в містах України. Сформульовано порядок і рекомендації до проведення групових та індивідуальних практичних вправ, ділових ігор, виконання самостійного завдання за рекомендованим шаблоном. Все це сприяє розвитку компетенцій фахівців громад у питаннях планування та впровадження проєктів відновлення, які нерозривно пов’язані із питаннями підвищення енергоефективності і енергетичної стійкості міст.
Практична значимість. Розроблено, адаптовано для територіальних громад та впроваджено різні методи активного навчання. Розроблено рекомендації зі створення групи впровадження демо-проєктів, форми опитувальних листів для збору вихідної інформації, шаблони необхідних документів для реалізації проєктів (ТЕО, технічні завдання для трьох типів проєктів (СЕС дахова/наземна, впровадження частотно-регульованого електроприводу), форми для моніторингу, чек-листи.
Investigating Communication Failures in AMR Meter at PT PLN UP3 Bali Selatan: A Failure Mode and Effect Analysis Approach
Authors: Kusuma Liska I Komang Wijaya , Sri Komala Dewi Anak Agung Istri , Lilis Sinta Setiawati Ni Luh Putu
Published: January 2025

Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is an automated system for reading electricity meter data that allows for remote monitoring and control of energy supply. The background of this research is based on the high level of communication failure in the AMR system, which significantly impacts the quality of electricity measurement and transactions. This study aims to identify the sources of communication failure in the Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system at PT PLN UP3 Bali Selatan and estimate the highest potential risks using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method. Data was collected through direct observation and interviews with the AMR team over two months, as well as historical data held by the AMR team. The FMEA method identified and prioritized failure causes based on the value of the risk priority number (RPN). The Pareto diagram is used to help focus attention on the central issues that need to be addressed in improvement efforts. The analysis results indicate five critical communication failures in the Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system. The most critical, “Can't connect to modem (1),” has an RPN of 225, followed by “Can't connect to modem (2)” (RPN 175) and “Modem no Answer” (RPN 125). The findings emphasize prioritizing the “Can't connect to modem (1)” failure due to its high risk.
Measuring the Logistics Performance Index on the Logistics Market Evidence from the Indonesian logistic industry
Authors: Puspitorini Pipit Sari
Published: January 2025

Performance Index is a tool for logistics bridging gaps that aims to measure supply chain efficiency, especially distribution. Reliability of delivery in the supply chain is key to logistics performance because consumer characteristics require a high degree of certainty about when and how to carry out processes. This study aims to determine the Logistics Performance Index model for Asian countries and its impact on world trade. This study is quantitative research by collecting forty logistics performance data based on data from the World Bank with logistical metrics related to six operational performances: tracking and tracing, customs, timeless, infrastructure, and international shipments. Descriptive analysis using Principle Component Analysis and TANAGRA software. The results of this study show that the two principal component (ζ) models formed significantly affect the best logistics performance in Asia.
Optimizing Project Duration and Cost of Support Ship through Time-Cost Trade-Off Analysis and Microsoft Project Application: A Case Study at PT XYZ
Authors: Putri Firda Amalia , Nugraha Isna
Published: January 2025

The construction of a ship project requires time control to avoid delays because late fines will be imposed. This control can be carried out using project management control tools, namely project scheduling. This research aims to optimize project duration and costs by finding the critical path using the help of Microsoft Project Software and accelerating to avoid project delays using the time cost trade off method. The data collection method was carried out by interviews and direct observation at the project location and obtained through PT XYZ internal parties. The research results showed that there was a delay of 12 days on the Support Ship construction project with 10 critical activities on the production floor. Alternative acceleration is done by adding working hours (overtime) by 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours. After calculating the acceleration for critical activities that have the lowest cost slope values, The optimal duration and costs were obtained by adding 3 hours of overtime so that the processing time could be accelerated from 236 days to 228 days with a total acceleration cost of IDR 53,295,000.
Determination of the effects of different sowing times and densities under ıı. product conditions on the yield and components of maize varieties belonging to two different maturity groups
Authors: Kiraç Nurdan , Tiryakioğlu Murat
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted using maize (Zea mays L.) varieties from two different maturity groups (DKC5747 (FAO 500) and PR31P41 (FAO 650)) under II—product conditions. The effects of different sowing times (June 1, June 20, July 10) and planting densities (800, 900, 1000, and 1100 plants per hectare) on these varieties' yield and yield components were investigated. The objective was to determine the optimal maturity group, sowing time, and planting density for achieving the highest yield in maize (Zea mays L.). The features analyzed included plant height (cm), cob length (cm), cob weight (g/cob), corn grain number per cob (corn grains/cob), single corn grain weight (mg/corn grain), and grain yield per cob (g/cob). The results showed that sowing time significantly influenced all features examined. The highest values for cob length, weight, corn grain number per cob, and grain yield per cob were obtained at the second sowing time (June 20), while the lowest values were recorded at the third sowing time (July 10). The optimal planting density was determined to be 900–1100 plants/ha for the DKC5747 variety and 800 plants/ha for the PR31P41 variety. For the Amik Plain, the most suitable sowing time for second-crop maize cultivation was June 20, with an optimal planting density of 900–1100 plants/da. The most appropriate varieties were those in the short maturity group. In maize cultivation as a second crop under the conditions of the Amik Plain in Hatay, it is crucial to prioritize the selection of maize varieties in the short maturity group (FAO 500 maturity group) to achieve high grain yields. When longer maturity varieties are selected, it should be noted that while the plants may produce higher biomass, their capacity to convert dry matter into grain may be insufficient, potentially leading to reduced grain yields.
Morpho-physiological and water use performance of soybean cultivars under drought stress at early growth stages
Authors: Ergin Nurgül , Kulan Engin Gökhan , Harmancı Pınar , Kaya Mehmet Demir
Published: January 2025

Drought is an important environmental stress for soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.), which frequently occurs under second-crop conditions in the Mediterranean region of Türkiye and negatively affects early plant growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of drought stress (soil water content maintained at a constant 50% field capacity) on the early growth stage (V3 stage) of different soybean cultivars (Ataem-7, BATEM Erensoy, Göksoy, and Lider). Twenty-seven-day-old soybean plants were exposed to drought stress for 20 days. Morphological (plant height, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, and leaf area), physiological (leaf temperature, chlorophyll rate (CR), leaf relative water content (RWC), and electrolyte leakage (EL)), and water use (total water consumption (TWC), and water use efficiency (WUE)) traits were assessed. The results revealed a significant decrease in plant height, root length, leaf area, root and shoot fresh and dry weights, and RWC, and an increase in CR under drought stress. Although Lider and BATEM Erensoy exhibited better growth than the other cultivars under control conditions, their root and shoot growth decreased significantly under water stress. Notably, Ataem-7 presented a lower TWC and WUE difference between the drought treatment and the control, and this cultivar efficiently used water for dry matter production in the shoot and root parts. As a result, there were significant genotypic differences in drought susceptibility among the soybean cultivars, and Ataem-7 showed greater tolerance to drought than the other soybean cultivars did during the early growth stage.
The Radical and Disruptive Entrepreneurial Innovation Culture in South Africa’s townships
Authors: Gavaza Bramwell Kundishora , Fihla Siphenathi , Stofile Regina
Published: January 2025

Entrepreneurial innovation culture equips entrepreneurs with essential business management skills while providing a broader understanding of societal and economic development factors. This study examined South African townships’ radical and disruptive entrepreneurial innovation culture. Entrepreneurial innovation culture leads to small businesses maintaining their competitive advantage in the market. Therefore, investigating the inclusion of concepts such as entrepreneurial radicalism and disruptive innovation as elements to the entrepreneurial innovation culture in South Africa’s townships can help South African township entrepreneurs and business practitioners formulate guidelines to regulate business operations in townships. The study was conducted using a qualitative research approach, and convenience and purposive sampling methods were used to collect data. The study was conducted with 30 participants who are small business owners in South African townships. The data were collected using five focus groups from the selected 30 participants. The results provided evidence of three factors influencing the township’s small business environment: disruptive technology, entrepreneurial culture, and entrepreneurial radicalism. Moreover, the findings indicated that the township entrepreneurs in South Africa have developed a unique way of conducting business that maintains a competitive edge and ensures business growth and profitability. The study concludes that using new entrepreneurial strategies and technology in small businesses significantly derives a radical and disruptive innovation culture in South African townships that is capable of maintaining a competitive edge and ensuring business growth and profitability
Methods of Transforming Banking Services And Increase Market Share of Assets
Authors: Muminov Bekzod
Published: January 2025

On the subject of transformation of banking services and methods of increasing the share of assets in the market, this article analyzes modern approaches aimed at increasing the efficiency of assets by digitizing the banking system, introducing innovative services, and using financial technologies. The main mechanisms of increasing the market share of banks through the wide introduction of digital technologies and services are studied. In the framework of this research, international and local experiences were analyzed, strategies and suggestions that were successfully used in practice were developed.
Women's Business Development in Uzbekistan's Digital Economy: The Role of Digital Skills and Support
Authors: Ibodullayeva Malohat
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on the evolution of women’s businesses in Uzbekistan and considers the social and financial barriers to women's entrepreneurship. Yet, digitalisation has a new potential now, and the young women of Uzbekistan are empowered with it, still, the digital divide exists, financial inclusion remains an issue, and harassment remains a culture. There is scant empirical literature that addresses these factors within an econometric modelling approach to fill the knowledge gap. Respondents include 50 participants, where a Logistic Regression Model was used to assess the moderating effect of digital literacy, the availability of financial resources, socio-cultural factors, and government support to business performance. The results show that digital literacy (0.85 ) and governmental support (0.90 ) have a positive influence on success whilst socio-cultural factors have a negative impact (- 0.60 ). As for a set of four empowering factors, financial access (β = 0.72) was also considered as one of the key enablers of women entrepreneurs. These findings are consistent with prior research; highlighting the inadequacy of digital skills development and gender sensitive financial interventions. The conclusion is that gendered policy measures on economic digitization and innovations, financial inclusion, social inclusion as well as cultural restructuring should form the key strategies for promoting the humanitarian model of entrepreneurship. If addressed such factors will contribute to the development of women entrepreneurs in Uzbekistan leading to growth of the overall economy. The limitation of existing studies is the lack of sufficient information about the context in which gender barriers are framed to enhance women’s sustainable digital business development, which calls for the involvement of private organizations and state programs such as “Digital Uzbekistan 2030” as well as social campaigns that inspire women to work without prejudice
How to Make University Graduates More Competitive in Today’s Job Market
Authors: Vazira Uzakova
Published: January 2025

As the global economy shifts towards innovation-driven growth, the demand for highly skilled university graduates is growing. In Uzbekistan, significant reforms are being undertaken to enhance the higher education system and produce specialists capable of driving economic progress. However, the alignment between the competencies of university graduates and the needs of the labor market remains insufficient, with many graduates struggling to find the job This article explores the concept of university graduates competitiveness, focusing on both hard and soft skills as key determinants of employability. It examines various theoretical approaches to graduate competitiveness, dividing them into four main groups: cognitive, competence-based, market-oriented, and structured approaches. These frameworks emphasize different aspects of graduate capabilities, such as academic knowledge, personal traits, and readiness for professional life. The article argues that soft skills—such as critical thinking, teamwork, and adaptability—are increasingly essential for graduates to thrive in the modern labor market, where technical knowledge alone is no longer enough. In conclusion, the paper proposes a comprehensive definition of graduate competitiveness, suggesting that universities must equip students with the necessary skills to navigate a rapidly changing workforce, ensuring their success in both local and global job markets.
Non-contact hyperspectral monitoring of urban wastewater quality: Optimization of model calibration and performance
Authors: Lechevallier Pierre , Zhu Wenchang , Shi Luke , McCarthy David , Rieckermann Jörg
Published: January 2025

Monitoring pollution in urban drainage systems (UDS) is challenging due to their inaccessibility and harsh conditions. In this study, we investigate the use of visible and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging for non-contact monitoring of turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N) in raw urban wastewater. We collected data from five separate locations that included a stormwater basin, foul sewers, and a combined sewer. We trained data-driven models based on the partial least squares method to predict pollutants from hyperspectral spectra using global, local, and hybrid calibration approaches. Local models are trained on data from a single site, global models on combined data from all sites but one, and hybrid models combine global models with a small amount of site-specific data to enhance performance. The efficacy of those methods was robustly evaluated using cross-validation and Mean Absolute Percentage Errors (MAPE) as performance metric. Our results show that local calibration methods with thirty training samples perform best, with cross-validated median MAPEs of 6.5% for turbidity, 14.1% for DOC, and 22.3% for NH4-N. Global models performed satisfactorily only for turbidity, with a median MAPE of 11.8%. Hybrid models with five local samples represent a potential compromise, utilizing limited local samples to enhance global models. We also find that model performance is best for foul sewers, followed by stormwater ponds, while it is worst for more variable combined sewers. We finally showed that model performance for turbidity can be explained by its correlation with reflected light intensity, while performance for DOC can mainly be explained by its correlation with turbidity. For NH4-N, correlations with turbidity play an important role, but other factors that could not be identified improved model performance. Overall, our findings are very promising for the development of precise, cost-effective, and low-maintenance UDS monitoring techniques.
Navigating Social and Emotional Learning Evidence in a Polarized Socio-Political Environment: A Qualitative Pilot Study of SEL Stakeholders
Authors: McCarthy Michael Frank , Ahmad Eliya , Barnes Sophie , NG ZI JIA , Ha Cheyeon , Cipriano Christina
Published: January 2025

Despite the robust research evidence for social and emotional learning (SEL) in supporting students with developing skills critical to their success in school and life, an increasingly polarized socio-political climate is diminishing the public's confidence in the research evidence and, in some cases, producing misinformation – or false evidence- as well as disinformation – or intentionally false evidence. Both have the potential to contribute to exclusionary policies and inequitable social and emotional experiences for students in the United States. This manuscript explores whether and how SEL stakeholders (n=25) understand, access, and use evidence to inform SEL-related decisions across professions, including K-12 educators, school administrators, and district personnel as well as policymakers, families, and SEL researchers and advocates. Results from this pilot study suggest that SEL research evidence currently lacks accessibility for policy makers, educational leaders, and practitioners, and that the evidence that is available is limited in how it can be translated to and used in practice. How stakeholders identify and use SEL evidence is diverse, and most stakeholders access SEL evidence via news and education media. Opportunities for improving SEL evidence understanding, access, and use in the current U.S. socio-political climate are discussed.
Does Vibrato Define Genre Or Vice Versa?: A Novel Parametric Approach To Vocal Vibrato Analysis
Authors: Nestorova Theodora , Nestorov Ivan , Gilbert Joshua , Howell Ian
Published: January 2025

Summary: Objectives/Hypothesis. A multifactorial phenomenon, vibrato exists in a variety of musical styles and genre contexts. Yet, vibrato has been historically analyzed with tools presuming a Western Classical Opera aesthetic. Current analytical methods using average metrics are applicable only if the vibrato is uniform, consistent, persistent, and omnipresent. This disregards significant stylistic characteristics of many performed genres with non-normative, naturally-occurring vibrato features. Therefore, a new system of vibrato parameters considering vibrato regularity, variability, and stability over time in more genres is essential.Methods. Fifteen professional Operatic, Musical Theater, and Jazz mezzo-sopranos and sopranos recorded a task list of two cross-genre songs and one vocal exercise. Sixteen pitch segments from each singer were subjected to sinusoidal extraction, fo band-pass filtering, and a FFT LTAS in Praat. Correlations in mean half-extent (in cents), pitch, vowel, style/singer subject were analyzed for each sample and assessed using standard deviation, Coefficient of Variation (CV), linear and polynomial regression, and non-linear regression techniques in R. A subsequent perceptual survey using samples most representative of each genre’s average CV was distributed to seven vocal pedagogue judges.Results. The acoustic analysis results indicated that vibrato variability predictably distinguished performed genres. The CV well characterized vibrato variability and was higher in the samples of Musical Theater and Jazz singers. A 4-parameter logistic regression model is proposed as a novel application and more accurate representation of such multiphasic vibrato with complex shapes. The perceptual survey results confirmed that Jazz and Musical Theater singers’ vibrato variability was more distinctively perceived and accurately categorized when compared to Opera singers’ vibrato.Discussion. The novel application of perceptually-correlated vibrato models and time-varying parameters proposed in this two-part study may be employed to examine and evaluate complex vibrato patterns and style-specific performance. In turn, this promotes more genre-inclusive voice training in the vocal studio and contributes ecologically valid normative thresholds for vibrato habilitation and rehabilitation in the voice clinic.Keywords: vibrato variability, acoustics, perception, genre, pedagogy, singing
Characterization of silicon photomultipliers with different structures
Authors: Nuruyev Sabuhi , Akbarov Ramil , Ahmadov Gadir , Berikov Daniyar , Nartov Aleksandr , Ahmadov Farid , Naghiyev Jalal , Sadigov  , Sardarli Rauf , Holik Michael
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the performance of two silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with distinct structures: the MAPD-3NM-II featuring a deeply burned pixel structure and the MPPC S12572-010P with a surface pixel structure. Fundamental parameters, including breakdown voltage, capacitance, gain, and the temperature dependence of breakdown voltage, were studied with methods like the Miller method, single photoelectron method, and current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. Experimental results reveal the performance of these devices, particularly in terms of breakdown voltage determination and gain linearity under varying temperature. The temperature coefficients of the breakdown voltage were also determined to assess their thermal stability. The capacitance of the MAPD-3NM-II was measured at 155±12 pF, lower than 294±26 pF of the MPPC S12572-010P, which is about twice as much. This difference suggests promising opportunities for the development of SiPMs with larger active areas while maintaining low capacitance.
The School Behavior Support Survey: Educator Experiences of Student Behavior in Schools
Authors: Scheibel Gretchen , Wilkinson Sarah
Published: January 2025

The School Behavior Support Survey (SBSS) is a tool designed to learn about educators’ experiences managing student behavior in schools. The survey asks respondents about the frequency and duration at which they manage varying intensities of student behavior, the negative impacts of that behavior on educators and students, the types of supports available to educators when behaviors occur, whether educators believe those supports are effective, and what barriers influence student behavior. About 3400 educators responded to the survey in spring 2024. Findings indicate that educators across professional roles are managing all intensities of behavior several times per week, and each instance of behavior takes between 10 m and 39 m to address. Educator responses suggest there are many negative effects of student behavior, including disruption to the learning environment, physical injury, and emotional stress. Educators do not find existing supports to be consistently effective in reducing student behavior, and they identify home-based stressors as having a greater influence on student behavior than school-based stressors. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.
Laypeople Have Difficulty Processing Efficiency When Assessing Environmental Policies
Authors: Marie Antoine , Trad Hugo , Strickland Brent
Published: January 2025

When evaluating policies, what should mostly matter for citizens is how successful public policies are at satisfying their policy preferences (e.g., reducing carbon emissions), relative to the policies’ cost. Yet, across 6 online studies (N = 2759), we found that lay participants’ judgments tended to be quite insensitive to policy efficiency. French citizens regarded an environmental policy driven by an altruistic intention that turned out to be inefficient as being more commendable than a policy motivated by selfishness that dramatically reduced carbon emissions (Experiments 1a-d, N = 854). Similarly, an altruistic but low efficiency policy aimed to reduce carbon emission was supported more than a selfish but high efficiency policy (Experiment 2, N = 1105). Independent manipulation of intent and efficiency (Experiment 2) suggested that assessments of policy descriptions are characterized both by relatively low sensitivity to large differences in efficiency expressed numerically, and relatively high sensitivity to actors’ intentions. Moreover, the more citizens were more morally committed to tackle a policy issue (e.g., reducing carbon emissions), the more they voiced support for any policy decision addressing the issue, regardless of its efficiency (Experiment 2). Encouragingly, however, Experiment 3 (N = 800) found that introducing subtle qualitative appraisals of an environmental policy’s impact and financial cost can nudge participants towards greater attention to its efficiency. Overall, our paper highlights the importance of using contextual and qualitative (vs. numeric) appraisals of environmental policies to make them more focused on their efficiency.
Estimating the contribution of vacant land in mitigating flooding in the Neuse Basin
Authors: Lebu Sarah , Gyimah Rita , Samoray Christopher
Published: January 2025

Flooding in the United States results in economic losses amounting to tens of billions of dollars annually, with urbanization and development in floodplains serving as key drivers of increased flood risk. This study explores the flood retention potential of vacant lands within current and projected landcover scenarios in the Neuse River Basin, a rapidly urbanizing region prone to significant flooding challenges. Using InVEST, a GIS-based modeling suite for ecosystem service valuation, we integrated land use/land cover (LULC) data with hydrological modeling to quantify flood mitigation capacity. Our findings indicate an 8.1% increase in floodplain land development from 2020 to 2060, with an additional 10% rise projected from 2060 to 2100. Despite these trends, vacant floodplain land parcels demonstrate significant potential for floodwater retention, with a one-square-foot increase in vacant land corresponding to a 1.65 m³ rise in runoff retention capacity. Results underscore the sensitivity of flood storage capacity to landcover changes and highlight the importance of preserving vacant lands in floodplain management. The results also point to the importance of river basin management plans running parallel with local development policies. This study offers a practical framework for assessing ecosystem-based flood mitigation services and provides actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers.
Interpersonal life stressors as proximal risk factors for suicide ideation and behavior
Authors: Scott Lori , Malcolm Iulia Banica , Brown Sarah L. , Valencia Evelyn M. Hernandez , Krafty Roberty , Slavich George M.
Published: January 2025

Life stress is a well-established risk factor for suicide ideation (SI) and behavior (SB), but the specific types of stressors that are most strongly associated with suicide-related outcomes, and on what time scale they impact these outcomes, remain poorly understood. Social rejection, especially targeted rejection, may be markedly potent for generating acute increases in SI and SB because of its threat to social bonds. Using a combination of gold-standard interviews including a contextual threat interview for assessing stress exposure and timeline followback procedures to assess suicide-related outcomes, we examined how fluctuations in severity of different types of life stressors are temporally associated with same-day and next-day likelihood of SI and SB over the course of 16 months in 143 young adults (Mage = 25.27, SD = 4.65) with recent SI or SB. Results demonstrated that daily within-person increases in interpersonal stressors, relative to an individual’s average levels, predicted higher odds of same-day and next-day SI and SB, even after controlling for daily non-interpersonal stressors, drug and alcohol use, and non-suicidal self-injury. Additionally, we observed stronger effects of social rejection and targeted rejection stressors on the proximal likelihood of SI, but no significant differences in the magnitude of effects of different types of stressors on SB. Results suggest that interpersonal stressors, particularly social rejection, are proximal risk factors for SI and SB. Findings suggest that clinicians should assess recent social rejection when assessing for acute risk, and suicide prevention strategies should target responses to interpersonal stress and stabilizing social relationships.
Language and motor skills in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Garrido Dunia , Petrova Dafina , Watson Linda , Garcia-Retamero Rocio , Carballo Gloria
Published: January 2025

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show significant linguistic and motor impairments compared to children with typical development (TD). Findings from studies of siblings of children with ASD show similarities to conclusions from studies of children with ASD. The current meta-analysis reviewed studies reporting linguistic and/or motor skills in siblings of children with ASD compared to siblings of children with TD. Thirty-four studies published between 1994 and 2016 met all inclusion criteria. We compared three different age groups (12 months or younger, 13 to 24 months, and 25 to 36 months). At 12 months, compared to siblings of children with TD, siblings of children with ASD had worse receptive language (d52.43, 95% CI [2.53, 2.33]) and expressive language skills (d52.40, 95% CI [2.57, 2.23]), and these effects were sustained at 24 and 36 months. Similar, albeit smaller differences in fine motor skills were detected at 12 months (d52.22, 95% CI [2.39, 2.04]), and these differences were larger at 36 months (d52.36, 95% CI [2.54, 2.17]). There were differences in gross motor skills at 12 months (d52.22, 95% CI [2.40, 2.04]), but only a few studies were available at later ages. Compared to siblings of children with TD, infants who have siblings with ASD have worse linguistic and motor skills. These differences are detectable as early as when infants are 12 months old and seem to be sustained until they are 3 years old. Differences in language skills are larger than those in motor skills, especially during the first year.
Soft Switching DC-DC Converter Simulation Using Simulink/Simscape
Authors: G. Omar Riyadh , Abduljabbar Ali H.
Published: January 2025

Generally, switching losses of power electronics converters are proportional to their operating frequency. Consequently, for high frequency DC-DC converter, zero voltage switching (ZVS) technique is preferable over hard switching. If switches transition from OFF to ON occurs when the voltage across the switching element is zero, it reduces switching losses that is combined with heat and Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI). Such technique is defined as soft switching. Resonant components L-C are used to produce soft switching for the proposed topology. The values of the resonant components are found by applying related equations that were obtained according to the circuit topology. Moreover, very little electromagnetic interference (EMI) produces with this type of converters due to soft switched, which can make the proposed converter suitable for communication applications. In order to ensure efficient resonant converter, the research focuses on modelling a circuit with the fewest components. The converter is simulated and the model validates its viability, with two IGBT thermal models via MATLAB/SIMSCAPE program.
Radical Rx: Fighting Racism, Enslavement, and an Epidemic in 1793
Authors: Allen Patrick S.
Published: January 2025

Reverends Absalom Jones and Richard Allen, founders of the Free African Society, worked as and recruited Black nurses during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia at the behest of white medical and political leaders who falsely claimed the disease did not affect Black persons. In a coauthored pamphlet published just months after the epidemic, Jones and Allen intervened in the medical and print discourses of their day to correct narratives of immunity that cultured Black persons’ deaths as ungrievable and to fight back against printed accounts of “extortion” by Black nurses that threatened to further entrench systemic notions of Black violability and disposability. Their protest pamphlet challenges structural violence and demands abolition, arguments that still inform our thinking about racism, health, and justice today. Jones and Allen’s pamphlet, perhaps the first text copyrighted by African Americans, challenged the racialized “science” and writing of leading physicians and journalists, including Dr. Benjamin Rush and printer Mathew Carey. It critiqued not only the era’s science but also its capitalistic practices that both championed the enslavement of Black persons and denied free Black medical workers fair pay, even as white people would not perform such work. Jones and Allen engage with discourses of blood, bloodletting, and bloodshed to link their medical work with the revolution then taking place in Haiti. Using such imagery, they diagnose the American body politic as ill and in need of bleeding. A look to 1793’s yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia – and Black nurses’ response to it – sheds light on the failings of the United States to contain COVID-19 and to protect its Black citizens, medical professionals and laypersons alike, in the face of white supremacy and yet another deadly virus more than two hundred years later.