bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Totipotency of Daucus carota L. Somatic Cells Microencapsulated Using Spray Drying Technology
Authors: Santiz-Gómez José Alfredo , Abud-Archila Miguel , Ruíz-Valdiviezo Víctor Manuel , Sánchez-Roque Yazmin , Gutiérrez-Miceli Federico Antonio
Published: November 2021

The carrot is considered a model system in plant cell culture. Spray drying represents a widely used technology to preserve microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeasts. In germplasm conservation, the most used methods are freeze drying and cryopreservation. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of spray drying on the viability and totipotency of somatic carrot cells. Leaf, root and stem explants were evaluated to induce callus with 2 mg/L of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Calli obtained from the stem were cultivated in a liquid medium with 1 mg/L of 2,4-D. Cell suspensions were spray dried with maltodextrin-gum Arabic and maltodextrin-xanthan gum mixtures, two outlet air temperatures (50 and 60 °C) and 120 °C inlet air temperature. Results showed that carrot cells were viable after spray drying, and this viability remained for six months at 8 °C. The totipotency of the microencapsulated cells was proven. Cells that were not spray dried regenerated 24.6 plantlets, while the spray dried cells regenerated 19 plantlets for each gram of rehydrated powder. Thus, spray drying allowed researchers to obtain viable and totipotent cells. This work is the first manuscript that reported the spray drying of plant somatic cells.
Using Crop Databases to Explore Phenotypes: From QTL to Candidate Genes
Authors: Brown Anne V. , Grant David , Nelson Rex T.
Published: November 2021

Seeds, especially those of certain grasses and legumes, provide the majority of the protein and carbohydrates for much of the world’s population. Therefore, improvements in seed quality and yield are important drivers for the development of new crop varieties to feed a growing population. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) have been identified for many biologically interesting and agronomically important traits, including many seed quality traits. QTL can help explain the genetic architecture of the traits and can also be used to incorporate traits into new crop cultivars during breeding. Despite the important contributions that QTL have made to basic studies and plant breeding, knowing the exact gene(s) conditioning each QTL would greatly improve our ability to study the underlying genetics, biochemistry and regulatory networks. The data sets needed for identifying these genes are increasingly available and often housed in species- or clade-specific genetics and genomics databases. In this demonstration, we present a generalized walkthrough of how such databases can be used in these studies using SoyBase, the USDA soybean Genetics and Genomics Database, as an example.
Analysis of Host-Specific Differentiation of Puccinia striiformis in the South and North-West of the European Part of Russia
Authors: Gultyaeva Elena , Shaydayuk Ekaterina , Gannibal Philipp , Kosman Evsey
Published: November 2021

Yellow (stripe) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. (Pst), is a major disease of cereals worldwide. We studied Pst virulence phenotypes on Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum, and triticale in three geographically distant regions of the European part of Russia (Dagestan and Krasnodar in North Caucasus, and Northwest) with different climate and environmental conditions. Based on the set of twenty differential lines, a relatively high level of population diversity was determined with 67 different Pst pathotypes identified among 141 isolates. Only seven pathotypes were shared by at least two hosts or occurred in the different regions. No significant differentiation was found between regional Pst collections of pathotypes either from T. aestivum or from T. durum. A set of Pst pathotypes from triticale was subdivided into two groups. One of them was indistinguishable from most durum and common wheat pathotypes, whereas the second group differed greatly from all other pathotypes. All sampled Pst isolates were avirulent on lines with Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, and Yr24 genes. Significant variation in virulence frequency among all Pst collections was observed on lines containing Yr1, Yr3, Yr17, Yr27, and YrSp genes and cvs Strubes Dickkopf, Carstens V, and Nord Desprez. Relationships between Russian regional collections of Pst from wheat did not conform to those for P. triticina.
Mycorrhiza-Induced Alterations in Metabolome of Medicago lupulina Leaves during Symbiosis Development
Authors: Yurkov Andrey P. , Puzanskiy Roman K. , Avdeeva Galina S. , Jacobi Lidija M. , Gorbunova Anastasia O. , Kryukov Alexey A. , Kozhemyakov Andrei P. , Laktionov Yuri V. , Kosulnikov Yuri V. , Romanyuk Daria A. , Yemelyanov Vladislav V. , Shavarda Alexey L. , Kirpichnikova Anastasia A. , Smolikova Galina N. , Shishova Maria F.
Published: November 2021

The present study is aimed at disclosing metabolic profile alterations in the leaves of the Medicago lupulina MlS-1 line that result from high-efficiency arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis formed with Rhizophagus irregularis under condition of a low phosphorus level in the substrate. A highly effective AM symbiosis was established in the period from the stooling to the shoot branching initiation stage (the efficiency in stem height exceeded 200%). Mycorrhization led to a more intensive accumulation of phosphates (glycerophosphoglycerol and inorganic phosphate) in M. lupulina leaves. Metabolic spectra were detected with GS-MS analysis. The application of complex mathematical analyses made it possible to identify the clustering of various groups of 320 metabolites and thus demonstrate the central importance of the carbohydrate and carboxylate-amino acid clusters. The results obtained indicate a delay in the metabolic development of mycorrhized plants. Thus, AM not only accelerates the transition between plant developmental stages but delays biochemical “maturation” mainly in the form of a lag of sugar accumulation in comparison with non-mycorrhized plants. Several methods of statistical modeling proved that, at least with respect to determining the metabolic status of host-plant leaves, stages of phenological development have priority over calendar age.
Anti-Oxidative Effect of Weak Alkaline Reduced Water in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage Cells
Authors: Trinh Thuy Thi , Fadriquela Ailyn , Bajgai Johny , Sharma Subham , Rahman Md. Habibur , Goh Seong-Hoon , Khang Song-Sik , Khang Woo-Rham , Kim Cheol-Su , Lee Kyu-Jae
Published: November 2021

Excessive oxidative stress (OS) is a common cause of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and obesity; thus, an anti-oxidative solution is essential for the improvement of human health. Increasing evidence suggests that alkaline reduced water (ARW), especially between pH 9.5–10.0, has antioxidant capacity; however, relatively few studies have reported the effect of weak ARW at pH 8.5 on OS, especially in vitro. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-oxidative efficacy of weak ARW with negative oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and relatively high hydrogen (H2) concentration, as compared to tap water (TW) and ARW at pH 9.5. RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, stimulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce OS, were used as a control (Con) and then treated with TW and ARW at pH 8.5 (ARW_8.5) and pH 9.5 (ARW_9.5) at different concentrations (0.1%, 1%, and 10% v/v). Results showed that cell viability was significantly restored after treatment with both ARW_8.5 and ARW_9.5 compared to Con/H2O2 and Con/LPS, while TW treatment did not induce significant changes. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), Ca2+, catalase, and glutathione peroxide (GPx) showed significant differences in a concentration-dependent manner in ARW_8.5 and ARW_9.5 groups compared to Con/H2O2 and Con/LPS groups. Likewise, the expression of p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK was also significantly reduced in the ARW-treated groups, but not in the TW group. In conclusion, ARW_8.5 exhibited anti-oxidative effects through the regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, indicating the health-promoting potential of weak ARW through daily intake.
Coordinated Development of Water Environment Protection and Water Ecological Carbon Sink in Baiyangdian Lake
Authors: Li Yanli , Lv Jinxu , Li Lijun
Published: November 2021

“The Hebei Xiongan New Area Planning Outline” states that the carbon sink of the water body should be improved and the quality of Baiyangdian water should be improved by cleaning the sludge, but the treatment of endogenous pollution in the water body will release a large amount of carbon dioxide, which will reduce the carbon sink of Baiyangdian, which makes the improvement of water body quality and increasing carbon sink conflicting. In order to realize the coordinated development of Baiyangdian water quality improvement and carbon sink increase, this paper establishes the calculation model of the amount of sludge to be cleared to improve the unit water quality and the amount of carbon dioxide released by clearing the silt using the release flux and diffusion flux of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the water body, and the relationship between the content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements, the depth of Baiyangdian sludge excavation and the amount of carbon dioxide released: as the content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the water decreases, the depth of sludge excavated to improve the unit water body increases, and the amount of carbon dioxide released gradually increases. As the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the water decreases, the depth of dredged sludge to improve the quality of the water body increases, the carbon dioxide released gradually increases, and when the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration reaches 0.18 g/m3 and 0.6 g/m3 respectively, the carbon dioxide released will increase exponentially. Thus, we propose countermeasures to improve the water quality of Baiyangdian and increase the carbon sink capacity: we can improve the water quality by reasonable dredging before the water quality reaches poor category 3; we can achieve the dual goals of improving the water quality and increasing the carbon sink by increasing the reed planting area.
Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Ectoine Using Dowex® HCR-S Ion-Exchange Resin
Authors: Wu Yu-Chi , Wei Yu-Hong , Wu Ho-Shing
Published: November 2021

Dowex® HCR-S ion-exchange resin was used to adsorb ectoine in a batch system under varying operation conditions in terms of contact time, temperature, pH value, initial concentration of ectoine, and type of salt. Six adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Sips, and Redlich–Peterson) and three kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion) were used to investigate the ectoine adsorption mechanism of ion-exchange resin. According to the experimental results, the mechanism of ectoine adsorption using an ion exchanger includes the ion-exchange reaction and physisorption. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich models were found to have a high fitting. For the kinetic analysis, the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were suitable to describe the ectoine adsorption. Dowex® HCR-S resin has an average saturated adsorption capacity of 0.57 g/g and 93.6% of ectoine adsorption at 25~65 °C, with an initial concentration of 125 g/L. By changing the pH of the environment using NaOH solution, the adsorbed ectoine on the ion-exchange resin can be desorbed to 87.7%.
Laminar Burning Velocity of Lean Methane/Air Flames under Pulsed Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Nilsson Elna J. K. , Hurtig Tomas , Ehn Andreas , Fureby Christer
Published: November 2021

Laminar burning velocity of lean methane/air flames exposed to pulsed microwave irradiation is determined experimentally as part of an effort to accurately quantify the enhancement resulting from exposure of the flame to pulsed microwaves. The experimental setup consists of a heat flux burner mounted in a microwave cavity, where the microwave has an average power of up to 250 W at an E-field in the range of 350–380 kV/m. Laminar burning velocities for the investigated methane/air flames increase from 1.8 to 12.7% when exposed to microwaves. The magnitude of the enhancement is dependent on pulse sequence (duration and frequency) and the strength of the electric field. From the investigated pulse sequences, and at a constant E-field and average power, the largest effect on the flame is obtained for the longest pulse, namely 50 μs. The results presented in this work are, to the knowledge of the authors, the first direct determination of laminar burning velocity on a laminar stretch-free flame exposed to pulsed microwaves.
EE-ACML: Energy-Efficient Adiabatic CMOS/MTJ Logic for CPA-Resistant IoT Devices
Authors: Kahleifeh Zachary , Thapliyal Himanshu
Published: November 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) devices have strict energy constraints as they often operate on a battery supply. The cryptographic operations within IoT devices consume substantial energy and are vulnerable to a class of hardware attacks known as side-channel attacks. To reduce the energy consumption and defend against side-channel attacks, we propose combining adiabatic logic and Magnetic Tunnel Junctions to form our novel Energy Efficient-Adiabatic CMOS/MTJ Logic (EE-ACML). EE-ACML is shown to be both low energy and secure when compared to existing CMOS/MTJ architectures. EE-ACML reduces dynamic energy consumption with adiabatic logic, while MTJs reduce the leakage power of a circuit. To show practical functionality and energy savings, we designed one round of PRESENT-80 with the proposed EE-ACML integrated with an adiabatic clock generator. The proposed EE-ACML-based PRESENT-80 showed energy savings of 67.24% at 25 MHz and 86.5% at 100 MHz when compared with a previously proposed CMOS/MTJ circuit. Furthermore, we performed a CPA attack on our proposed design, and the key was kept secret.
In-Process Error-Matching Measurement and Compensation Method for Complex Mating
Authors: Wang Shih-Ming , Tu Ren-Qi , Gunawan Hariyanto
Published: November 2021

This study proposed an error-matching measurement and compensation method for curve mating and complex mating. With use of polynomial curve fitting and least squares methods for error analysis, an algorithm for error identification and error compensation were proposed. Furthermore, based on the proposed method, an online error-matching compensation system with an autorevising function module for autogenerating an error-compensated NC program for machining was built. Experimental verification results showed that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of assembly matching. In a curve-type mating experiment, the matching error without compensation was 0.116 mm, and it decreased to 0.048 mm after compensation. The assembly accuracy was improved by 28%. In a complex-type mating experiment, the verification results showed that the error reductions after compensation for three mating shapes (straight line, triangle, and curve shape) were 81%, 87%, and 79%, respectively. It showed that the proposed method can improve the assembly accuracy for complex mating shapes, which would also be improved without losing production efficiency.
Estimating Resting HRV during fMRI: A Comparison between Laboratory and Scanner Environment
Authors: Schumann Andy , Suttkus Stefanie , Bär Karl-Jürgen
Published: November 2021

Heart rate variability (HRV) is regularly assessed in neuroimaging studies as an indicator of autonomic, emotional or cognitive processes. In this study, we investigated the influence of a loud and cramped environment during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on resting HRV measures. We compared recordings during functional MRI sessions with recordings in our autonomic laboratory (LAB) in 101 healthy subjects. In the LAB, we recorded an electrocardiogram (ECG) and a photoplethysmogram (PPG) over 15 min. During resting state functional MRI, we acquired a PPG for 15 min. We assessed anxiety levels before the scanning in each subject. In 27 participants, we performed follow-up sessions to investigate a possible effect of habituation. We found a high intra-class correlation ranging between 0.775 and 0.996, indicating high consistency across conditions. We observed no systematic influence of the MRI environment on any HRV index when PPG signals were analyzed. However, SDNN and RMSSD were significantly higher when extracted from the PPG compared to the ECG. Although we found a significant correlation of anxiety and the decrease in HRV from LAB to MRI, a familiarization session did not change the HRV outcome. Our results suggest that psychological factors are less influential on the HRV outcome during MRI than the methodological choice of the cardiac signal to analyze.
A Simple Queuing Model for Molecular Communications Receivers
Authors: Femminella Mauro , Reali Gianluca
Published: November 2021

The complexity of molecular communications system, involving a massive number of interacting entities, makes scalability a fundamental property of simulators and modeling tools. A typical scenario is that of targeted drug delivery systems, which makes use of biological nanomachines close to a biological target, able to release molecules in the diseased area. In this paper, we propose a simple but reliable receiver model for diffusion-based molecular communication systems tackling the time needed for analyzing such a system. The proposed model consists of using an equivalent markovian queuing model, which reproduces the aggregate behavior of thousands of receptors spread over the receiver surface. It takes into account not only the fact that the absorption of molecules can occur only through receptors, but also that absorption is not an instantaneous process and may require a significant time during which the receptor is not available to bind to other molecules. Our results, expressed in terms of number of absorbed molecules and average number of busy receptors, demonstrate that the proposed approach is in good agreement with results obtained through particle-based simulations of a large number of receptors, although the time taken for obtaining the results with the proposed model is an order of magnitudes lower than the simulation time. We believe that this model can be the precursor of novel class of models based on similar principles that allow realizing reliable simulations of much larger systems.
ECG-Based Identification of Sudden Cardiac Death through Sparse Representations
Authors: Velázquez-González Josue R. , Peregrina-Barreto Hayde , Rangel-Magdaleno Jose J. , Ramirez-Cortes Juan M. , Amezquita-Sanchez Juan P.
Published: November 2021

Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is an unexpected sudden death due to a loss of heart function and represents more than 50% of the deaths from cardiovascular diseases. Since cardiovascular problems change the features in the electrical signal of the heart, if significant changes are found with respect to a reference signal (healthy), then it is possible to indicate in advance a possible SCD occurrence. This work proposes SCD identification using Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and a sparse representation technique. Moreover, the use of fixed feature ranking is avoided by considering a dictionary as a flexible set of features where each sparse representation could be seen as a dynamic feature extraction process. In this way, the involved features may differ within the dictionary’s margin of similarity, which is better-suited to the large number of variations that an ECG signal contains. The experiments were carried out using the ECG signals from the MIT/BIH-SCDH and the MIT/BIH-NSR databases. The results show that it is possible to achieve a detection 30 min before the SCD event occurs, reaching an an accuracy of 95.3% under the common scheme, and 80.5% under the proposed multi-class scheme, thus being suitable for detecting a SCD episode in advance.
Evaluation of Realistic Sensation Using Biological Reaction Measurements for Food Videos Presented by KMMD
Authors: Tomono Keisuke , Ishibashi Yutaka , Tomono Akira
Published: November 2021

We have prototyped a KANSEI multimedia display (KMMD) that is able to release scent through the screen in order to realize collaboration between images and scents. Two types of “sukiyaki” food videos were presented to subjects using this device, and a method for objectively evaluating the realistic sensation of the food videos was examined using biological reaction measurements. The sukiyaki scent was added to one type of video to improve appetite. Viewers’ saliva flow rate, line of sight, pupil diameter, autonomic nerve activity, and cerebral blood flow were measured at the same time, and changes in these measured values were analyzed. As a result, the scent was effective in improving the sensation, as if the food was present in front of the eyes and increasing the saliva flow rate. Additionally, in a realistic scene, it was found that the line of sight follows the performer’s eating behavior as if the viewers themselves are eating. The sympathetic nervous system temporarily increases, mydriasis occurs, and the frontal lobe is activated. Furthermore, the possibility of objective evaluation of realistic sensations was demonstrated by the correlation between appetite, accompanied by salivary sensation, and the biological reaction measurement results.
Research of Probability-Based Tunneling Magnetoresistive Sensor Static Hysteresis Model
Authors: Li Yutao , Wang Liliang , Yu Hao , Qian Zheng
Published: November 2021

Tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) sensors have broad application prospects because of their high sensitivity and small volume. However, the inherent hysteresis characteristics of TMR affect its applications in high accuracy scenarios. It is essential to build a model to describe the attributes of hysteresis of TMR accurately. Preisach model is one of the popular models to describe the behavior of inherent hysteresis for TMR, whereas it presents low accuracy in high-order hysteresis reversal curves. Furthermore, the traditional Preisach model has strict congruence constraints, and the amount of data seriously affects the accuracy. This paper proposes a hysteresis model from a probability perspective. This model has the same computational complexity as the classic Preisach model while presenting higher accuracy, especially in high-order hysteresis reversal curves. When measuring a small amount of data, the error of this method is significantly reduced compared with the classical Preisach model. Besides, the proposed model’s congruence in this paper only needs equal vertical chords.
Actuator Fault Detection for Unmanned Ground Vehicles Considering Friction Coefficients
Authors: Na Gyujin , Eun Yongsoon
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes an actuator fault detection method for unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) dynamics with four mecanum wheels. The actuator fault detection method is based on unknown input observers for linear parameter varying systems. The technical novelty of current work compared to similar work in the literature is that wheel frictions are directly taken into account in the dynamics of UGV, and unknown input observers are developed accordingly. Including the wheel friction, the vehicle dynamics are in the form of linear parameter varying systems. Friction estimation is also discussed in this work, and the effect of friction mismatch was quantitatively investigated by simulations. The effectiveness of proposed method was evaluated under various operation scenarios of the UGV.
Additive Manufacturing of Miniaturized Peak Temperature Monitors for In-Pile Applications
Authors: Fujimoto Kiyo T. , Hone Lance A. , Manning Kory D. , Seifert Robert D. , Davis Kurt L. , Milloway James N. , Skifton Richard S. , Wu Yaqiao , Wilding Malwina , Estrada David
Published: November 2021

Passive monitoring techniques have been used for peak temperature measurements during irradiation tests by exploiting the melting point of well-characterized materials. Recent efforts to expand the capabilities of such peak temperature detection instrumentation include the development and testing of additively manufactured (AM) melt wires. In an effort to demonstrate and benchmark the performance and reliability of AM melt wires, we conducted a study to compare prototypical standard melt wires to an AM melt wire capsule, composed of printed aluminum, zinc, and tin melt wires. The lowest melting-point material used was Sn, with a melting point of approximately 230 °C, Zn melts at approximately 420 °C, and the high melting-point material was aluminum, with an approximate melting point of 660 °C. Through differential scanning calorimetry and furnace testing we show that the performance of our AM melt wire capsule was consistent with that of the standard melt-wire capsule, highlighting a path towards miniaturized peak-temperature sensors for in-pile sensor applications.
Validity and Sensitivity of an Inertial Measurement Unit-Driven Biomechanical Model of Motor Variability for Gait
Authors: Bailey Christopher A. , Uchida Thomas K. , Nantel Julie , Graham Ryan B.
Published: November 2021

Motor variability in gait is frequently linked to fall risk, yet field-based biomechanical joint evaluations are scarce. We evaluated the validity and sensitivity of an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-driven biomechanical model of joint angle variability for gait. Fourteen healthy young adults completed seven-minute trials of treadmill gait at several speeds and arm swing amplitudes. Trunk, pelvis, and lower-limb joint kinematics were estimated by IMU- and optoelectronic-based models using OpenSim. We calculated range of motion (ROM), magnitude of variability (meanSD), local dynamic stability (λmax), persistence of ROM fluctuations (DFAα), and regularity (SaEn) of each angle over 200 continuous strides, and evaluated model accuracy (RMSD: root mean square difference), consistency (ICC2,1: intraclass correlation), biases, limits of agreement, and sensitivity to within-participant gait responses (effects of speed and swing). RMSDs of joint angles were 1.7–9.2° (pooled mean of 4.8°), excluding ankle inversion. ICCs were mostly good to excellent in the primary plane of motion for ROM and in all planes for meanSD and λmax, but were poor to moderate for DFAα and SaEn. Modelled speed and swing responses for ROM, meanSD, and λmax were similar. Results suggest that the IMU-driven model is valid and sensitive for field-based assessments of joint angle time series, ROM in the primary plane of motion, magnitude of variability, and local dynamic stability.
Effect of Fixed and sEMG-Based Adaptive Shared Steering Control on Distracted Driver Behavior
Authors: Wang Zheng , Suga Satoshi , Nacpil Edric John Cruz , Yang Bo , Nakano Kimihiko
Published: November 2021

Driver distraction is a well-known cause for traffic collisions worldwide. Studies have indicated that shared steering control, which actively provides haptic guidance torque on the steering wheel, effectively improves the performance of distracted drivers. Recently, adaptive shared steering control based on the forearm muscle activity of the driver has been developed, although its effect on distracted driver behavior remains unclear. To this end, a high-fidelity driving simulator experiment was conducted involving 18 participants performing double lane change tasks. The experimental conditions comprised two driver states: attentive and distracted. Under each condition, evaluations were performed on three types of haptic guidance: none (manual), fixed authority, and adaptive authority based on feedback from the forearm surface electromyography of the driver. Evaluation results indicated that, for both attentive and distracted drivers, haptic guidance with adaptive authority yielded lower driver workload and reduced lane departure risk than manual driving and fixed authority. Moreover, there was a tendency for distracted drivers to reduce grip strength on the steering wheel to follow the haptic guidance with fixed authority, resulting in a relatively shorter double lane change duration.
Assessing the Current Integration of Multiple Personalised Wearable Sensors for Environment and Health Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxi , Amegbor Prince Michael , Sabel Clive Eric
Published: November 2021

The ever-growing development of sensor technology brings new opportunities to investigate impacts of the outdoor environment on human health at the individual level. However, there is limited literature on the use of multiple personalized sensors in urban environments. This review paper focuses on examining how multiple personalized sensors have been integrated to enhance the monitoring of co-exposures and health effects in the city. Following PRISMA guidelines, two reviewers screened 4898 studies from Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, and PubMed databases published from January 2010 to April 2021. In this case, 39 articles met the eligibility criteria. The review begins by examining the characteristics of the reviewed papers to assess the current situation of integrating multiple sensors for health and environment monitoring. Two main challenges were identified from the quality assessment: choosing sensors and integrating data. Lastly, we propose a checklist with feasible measures to improve the integration of multiple sensors for future studies.
An Efficient and Robust Improved A* Algorithm for Path Planning
Authors: Wang Huanwei , Qi Xuyan , Lou Shangjie , Jing Jing , He Hongqi , Liu Wei
Published: November 2021

Path planning plays an essential role in mobile robot navigation, and the A* algorithm is one of the best-known path planning algorithms. However, the conventional A* algorithm and the subsequent improved algorithms still have some limitations in terms of robustness and efficiency. These limitations include slow algorithm efficiency, weak robustness, and collisions when robots are traversing. In this paper, we propose an improved A*-based algorithm called EBHSA* algorithm. The EBHSA* algorithm introduces the expansion distance, bidirectional search, heuristic function optimization and smoothing into path planning. The expansion distance extends a certain distance from obstacles to improve path robustness by avoiding collisions. Bidirectional search is a strategy that searches for a path from the start node and from the goal node at the same time. Heuristic function optimization designs a new heuristic function to replace the traditional heuristic function. Smoothing improves path robustness by reducing the number of right-angle turns. Moreover, we carry out simulation tests with the EBHSA* algorithm, and the test results show that the EBHSA* algorithm has excellent performance in terms of robustness and efficiency. In addition, we transplant the EBHSA* algorithm to a robot to verify its effectiveness in the real world.
Commensal Bifidobacterium Strains Enhance the Efficacy of Neo-Epitope Based Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Tomasi Michele , Dalsass Mattia , Beghini Francesco , Zanella Ilaria , Caproni Elena , Fantappiè Laura , Gagliardi Assunta , Irene Carmela , König Enrico , Frattini Luca , Masetti Giulia , Isaac Samine Jessica , Armanini Federica , Cumbo Fabio , Blanco-Míguez Aitor , Grandi Alberto , Segata Nicola , Grandi Guido
Published: November 2021

A large body of data both in animals and humans demonstrates that the gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in cancer immunity and in determining the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this work, we have investigated whether and to what extent the gut microbiome can influence the antitumor activity of neo-epitope-based cancer vaccines in a BALB/c-CT26 cancer mouse model. Similarly to that observed in the C57BL/6-B16 model, Bifidobacterium administration per se has a beneficial effect on CT26 tumor inhibition. Furthermore, the combination of Bifidobacterium administration and vaccination resulted in a protection which was superior to vaccination alone and to Bifidobacterium administration alone, and correlated with an increase in the frequency of vaccine-specific T cells. The gut microbiome analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics showed that tumor challenge rapidly altered the microbiome population, with Muribaculaceae being enriched and Lachnospiraceae being reduced. Over time, the population of Muribaculaceae progressively reduced while the Lachnospiraceae population increased—a trend that appeared to be retarded by the oral administration of Bifidobacterium. Interestingly, in some Bacteroidales, Prevotella and Muribaculacee species we identified sequences highly homologous to immunogenic neo-epitopes of CT26 cells, supporting the possible role of “molecular mimicry” in anticancer immunity. Our data strengthen the importance of the microbiome in cancer immunity and suggests a microbiome-based strategy to potentiate neo-epitope-based cancer vaccines.
Recurrent perianal abscess in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome–associated granulomatous colitis: a case report
Authors: Omak Ahmet , Uprak Tevfik Kıvılcım , Attaallah Wafi
Published: November 2021

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare genetic disease consisting of the triad of oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, and pigmented reticuloendothelial cells. In HPS patients’ granulomatous colitis could be an additional feature and perianal abscess could be seen in such patients. We report a patient with HPS-associated granulomatous colitis, refractory to medical treatment, and perianal involvement. Patients with HPS-associated granulomatous colitis and perianal involvement may require multiple surgical interventions and there is no consensus yet for treatment in such patients.
ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAYAKIVSKA UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY
Authors: KARPOV Vladimir , TARASOVA Krystyna , SERBINA Anastasia , VASALATIY Olena
Published: November 2021

The article considers the theoretical aspects of socio-economic condition and community development in the context of territorial transformation in Ukraine. Socio-economic development of territorial communities is an important indicator of assessing the level of the state development. The state policy of Ukraine in the local self-government sphere is based on the interests of territorial communities’ residents and provides for decentralization of power, that is, the transfer of a significant part of powers and responsibilities from the executive authorities to local self-government bodies. The development of local self-government and creation of territorial communities primarily involve improving financial solvency, investment and economic attractiveness of territories for citizens’ comfortable living. The main properties of the socio-economic development of the Mayakivska united territorial community are investigated and evaluated. The methodology for studying the condition is clarified and the goals, objectives, priorities and directions of sustainable economic and social development of territorial entities are determined. The state of socio-economic development of the Mayakivska community is analyzed according to various indicators and changes that have occurred on its territory. The main tasks of the Mayakivska united territorial community development are substantiated, taking into account the needs and interests of its inhabitants, the dynamics of medicine, schools and preschool institutions development is determined. A distinctive feature of the Mayakivska territorial community is awareness that the community territory is united not only by its name, but also by the vision of future prospects. An algorithm for regulating the socio-economic development of the Mayakivska united territorial community is proposed.
DETERMINATION OF CRACK RESISTANCE OF PRESTRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS OF TRAPEZOIDAL CROSS-SECTION
Authors: Nikulina Y.
Published: November 2021

Beams of a trapezoidal cross-section with a wide upper edge with prestressed reinforcement combine positive qualities in terms of strength, crack resistance, deformability and resource saving, which allows them to cover significant spans of multi-storey buildings.

To develop a method for calculating the moment of cracking in these structures, a nonlinear deformation model was adopted, which includes equilibrium equations, conditions for the linear distribution of relative deformations along the height of the element section, and refined deformation diagrams of concrete and reinforcement. Concrete state diagrams are assumed to be nonlinear without a falling branch. To describe the deformation diagrams of high-strength and conventional reinforcement, a universal dependence is adopted, consisting of one linear and two nonlinear equations, in which the calculation of individual parameters is performed using different formulas. For the initial stage of the crack formation process, a design scheme is presented, in accordance with which the necessary equations and ratios are drawn up in relation to the considered prestressed reinforced concrete beam of a trapezoidal cross-section.

The purpose of the study, in addition to developing a calculation methodology, was also the development of an algorithm and a computer calculation program. To obtain and analyze the results, a numerical experiment was carried out, the results of which are presented in tabular form. Due to the fact that the calculation method was built without involving empirical dependencies, the possibility of its application to determine the crack resistance of prestressed reinforced concrete beams of trapezoidal cross-section for any class of concrete and reinforcement was confirmed.
SMALL ARCHITECTURAL FORMS: COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
Authors: Strokova V. , Hmara N. , Nelyubova V. , Shapovalov N.
Published: November 2021

The work is the result of a multi parameter analysis of scientific publications affecting the study of the properties and characteristics of composite binders and concretes based on them, used in the design and production of small architectural forms. General assessment of the prospects for the use of composite binders in this type of buildings and structures is given. All publications and experimental materials on this topic are summarized according to the following parameters: bibliometric indicators of articles for the period from 2000 to 2020, types of concrete used for small architectural forms, types of binders, aggregates, fillers and additives used, physical and mechanical properties and controlled parameters of concrete. It is shown that in most of the studies under consideration, fine-grained concrete based on white, general construction and non-ferrous cement was used. At the same time, to increase the efficiency of finished products in terms of the formation of a developed shape and ensure their weather resistance, high-quality cements are used, the water-cement ratio decreases, including due to the use of additives for various purposes. It is substantiated that designing of concrete for small architectural forms should be carried out based on the specified requirements for this type of structures. The production of high-workability mixtures should be considered to ensure the specified castability in order to form products of various configurations and standard sizes while maintaining architectural expressiveness and compliance with the modern landscape of urban space.
Echoing the Call for Multimodal Representation
Authors: Renner Michael
Published: November 2021

The editor’s introduction to the Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 32, Issue 2, from fall 2016 emphasizes the necessity of anthropology to engage in multimodal methodologies of research and research communication.

An expanded view of visual anthropology, and its methodological and analytical contributions to current debates, recognizes and builds on the field’s commitment to a reflexive awareness of the social relationships at stake in the process of making images and an engagement with the politics of representation. It also encompasses an active approach toward learning to see how others see, how technologies of imaging picture the world, and a serious consideration of the technical capacities necessary for communicating ethnographic knowledge through visual composition, editing, and design. (Chio & Cox, 2016, pp. 101–102)

The claim that the reflection on images has been neglected compared to the reflection on language, echoing in the introduction of Chio and Cox (216), has been made in the context of the iconic turn in the mid-1990s. In reference to the linguistic turn in philosophy coined by Richard Rorty (1967) in philosophy, art historian Gottfried Boehm (1994, pp. 11–38) described the iconic turn, and Thomas W. Mitchell (1995, pp. 11–34) used the term pictorial turn, observing a significant shift toward communication by images. Both recognized the increasing power of images in society through the digital means of communication, which enables everyone to easily create and disseminate images. Both were aware of the lack of reflection on the meaning of images in Western thought.
BENTUK TANGGUNGJAWAB NEGARA TERHADAP HAK KONSTITUSIONAL ANAK TERLANTAR : ANALISIS TEORI KONTRAK SOSIAL
Authors: Wicaksono Teguh
Published: November 2021

Keberadaan anak terlantar masih menjadi persoalan serius dan harus segera di atasi. Berdasarkan data Kemensos pada bulan Desember 2020, keberadaan anak terlantar sejumlah 67.368 orang tentu data tersebut belum menggambarkan secara baik jumlah keseluruhan dari anak-anak yang terlantar secara keseluruhan sehingga jumlahnya sangat mungkin lebih banyak dari data Kemensos tersebut. Hal ini menunjukkan upaya pemerintah selama ini belum maksimal dalam upaya mengatasi persoalan di atas. Sehingga diperlukan penanganan yang serius dari pemerintah guna mengambalikan hak-hak konstitusional anak terlantar sebagaimana hak tersebut telah ditegaskan Pasal 34 (1) UUD 1945. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa, terdapat ketentuan kewajiban negara agar melindungi serta menjamin terpenuhinya hak konstitusional daripada anak terlantar di atas. Untuk itu artikel ini akan mengkaji terkait bentuk pertanggungjawaban pemerintah/negara terhadap pemenuhan hak dasar anak tersebut di atas. Selain itu, artikel ini mengakaji mekanisme negara untuk mengatasi persoalan di atas. Artikel ini menggunakan tipe penelitian teoritis di mana teori kontrak sosial digunakan untuk menganalisis bentuk pertanggungjawaban pemerinatah/negara terhadap hak konstitusional warga negara secara luas.
Iran
Authors: Amin Tahir
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTIONPolitical and economic developments in the post revolutionary Iranpresent a special dilemma to outside observers in general and to socialscientists in particular as many developments do not seem to fit theusualpolitical and economic categories with which the social scientists arenormally familiar. As a result, most analysts of contemporary Iran,approaching the reality from the rigidly preconceived conceptual lenses,tend to grossly distort the actual picture. The contemporary situation inIran is usually portrayed as one of utter chaos and turmoil with little orno hope for any progress in the future. It is seen as ruled by “emptyheadkid”,“conservative”, “brutal,” and “incompetent” mullahs who arebent upon destroying any signs of progress and civilization. Eventhe moderate analysts who seem to be less preoccupied with their biasesand more cognizant of the new realities, appear to dismiss any long-termconsequences of the current changes taking place in contemporary Iran.My major objective in the following pages is to develop an alternativeimage of the same reality. I argue here that slowly and gradually, a newpolitical and economic order is emerging in Iran, whose broad objectivesand outlines are clear. A major distinguishing characteristic of thisorder is its public welfarist orientation with special attention to thelower-middle and lower classes. And this order has the potential of sofundamentally transforming the political scene in Iran in the long runwhere the old issues and the old actors are most likely to be irrelevant tothe new type of politics. Once successful, the political implications of thisorder will have a much wider effect on the Muslim world than commonlyassumed.This paper has four sections. The first section deals with the ideology ofthe Islamic republic. Examining the ideas of the leading revolutionarythinkers, we shall try to establish a criteria against which the regime’spolitical and economic performance is to be assessed. The second sectionof the paper describes the nature of key political and economicinstitutions established in the aftermath of the revolution and their modeof functioning. The third part of the paper is concerned with theeconomic performance of the regime over the past five years. We shallassess its performance in two ways: (a) in light of the criteria establishedin the first part of the paper and (b) a brief comparison of the IslamicRepublic’s five year performance with the prerevolutionary Iran’s lastfive-year plan (1973-1978). The final section of the paper summarizes themajor conclusions of this study and also attempts to project a likelyfuture scenario ...
A Late Nineteenth Century Muslim Response to the Western Criticism of Islam-An Analysis of Amir ‘Ali’s Life and Works
Authors: Ahsan Abdullah
Published: November 2021

There were more than one scholar in the nineteenth century Muslim worldworking for the development of the community through their writings andpolitical activities. Justice Sayyid Amir ‘Ali was one of them in the Indiansphere of Islam. This article attempts to determine 'Ali's position within thedevelopment of Muslim community in India. Our aim is to examine ‘Ali’sviews of Islam critically in order to find out the values he aimed at. We arenot concerned with giving our views of Islam on the issues ‘Ali dealt with,but rather we will try to determine how his interpretation of Islam contributedto the development of Muslims in India.IThe wave of modernity in the Indian sub-continent, in the sense of westerntechnological development and philosophical ideas, was caused by British imperialismin the nineteenth century! Christian missionary activities also playeda remarkable role in achieving this goal. The Muslims of India, however,considered the Christian missionary attitude of identifying western materialdevelopment with Christianity as a challenge that was reflected through theintellectual activities of Muslim scholars. Their response was an attempt toabsorb, transform, reject or adjust their belief system to the forces of ...
NOTES ON IBN HAZM’S REJECTION OF ANALOGY (QIYAS) IN MATTERS OF RELIGIOUS LAW
Authors: Abdallah Fadel I.
Published: November 2021

IntroductionIbn Hazm (994-1064) was no doubt one of the most outstanding intellectualfigures of Muslim Spain in particular and of the whole Muslim worldin general. Though it is beyond the purpose and scope of this paper to givea complete profile of the man and his place in the intellectual history of Islam,it remains necessary to make some introductory remarks that would help inunderstanding the topic under discussion.In Ibn Hazm’s scholarly preparation the second stage was characterized tobe a juridic-theological preparation to which he fully devoted himself followinghis political failure; the year 1031 is usually proposed to be the turning pointin this new orientation of Ibn Hazm’s intellectual life. It was during this secondstage that he wrote profusely on a variety of subjects and distinguishedhimself as a master dialectician and polemicist. His major works on religiousmatters such as Fisal, Ihkam, and Muhalla were the products of this period;in them as well as in many other treatises, Ibn Hazm discusses his religiousideas and doctrine and enthusiastically refutes his adversaries. “As a masterdialectician he insisted on proofs (barnhin), whether arrived at on the basisof the holy texts (nusus), or through logical demonstration, or both.” Hisuse and reliance on analysis of textual material and information was perhapsthe most clear feature of Ibn Hazm’s polemics; this method was always in ...