bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOSITION AND SIZE OF THE FRACTIONS OF THE COMPOSITE GRAVEL FILLER WITH AN EPOXY MATRIX ON ITS WEAR
Authors:   Bryansk State Agrarian University, Mikhal’chenkov Aleksandr M. , Tyureva Anna A. , Borshchevskiy Ivan A. , Kiseleva Larisa S.
Published: October 2021

The widespread use of polymer-based composite materials made it possible to replace expensive metal alloys, increase the strength indicators of structures and improve tribotechnical properties. Their use as protective coatings for structural elements operating in an abrasive environment has yielded good results in increasing wear resistance, which is especially important for parts of tillage tools. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the influence of the composition and size of the fractions of the composite gravel filler with an epoxy matrix on its wear. (Materials and мethods) The article considers five composite materials with different compositions. The prototypes were hollow cylinders with dimensions that provide the contact area necessary for the passage of all processes of abrasive wear. The abrasive composition consisted of a mixture of sand and gravel with a fraction size of about 30-40 millimeters. (Results and discussion) The changes in the wear over time are directly proportional and this confirms the classical views on the wear process. The experiments was conducted on the installation of authors’ design. (Conclusions) The wear over time for experimental composites is the same and is expressed in a straight- line relationship; the maximum wear resistance is a composite in which gravel particles have a size of 2.25 millimeters with its content in the matrix of about 60 mass parts. At the same time, gravel with an effective diameter of 2.25 millimeters creates optimal conditions for self-organization of the wear process and provides a relatively low value of the friction coefficient.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ELECTROSPARK FORMATION OF WEAR-RESISTANT COATINGS ON PROCESSED SURFACES
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Sharifullin Said N. , Akhmetzyanov Ayzat S. , Toporkova Tat’yana V.
Published: October 2021

The article considers a new direction in optimizing the process of plasma hardening of the surfaces of cutting elements of agricultural machines based on the use of electric spark discharge energy. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in optimizing the technological process of hardening the surfaces of cutting elements of agricultural machines by the method of electric spark alloying of carbide material elements. (Materials and methods) A device under RF patent No. 2655420, developed by the scientific supervisor of the subject S. N. Sharifullin, was used for electric spark alloying. A tungsten-cobalt rod with a diameter of 4 millimeters, consisting of 94 percent tungsten and 6 percent cobalt, was used as the electrode material for this case. The processed sample of 65G steel, which is the main material of the working bodies of tillage equipment. The physical and chemical properties of the samples were studied with a scanning electron microscope EVO 50 XVP from Zeiss. (Results and discussion) After the electric spark treatment of the alloyed elements, there were about ten, while their spectra also appear at different irradiation energies. The alloyed elements in the surface layer are not only separate, but also in the form of compounds with other elements. Such alloying elements as carbon, cobalt and tungsten appeared in a noticeable amount in the surface layer. Electric spark treatment allows increasing the microhardness of the surfaces of cutting elements of tillage equipment up to three times. (Conclusions) When developing a mathematical model of the electric spark formation of wear-resistant coatings on the treated surfaces, it is necessary to use the energy conservation equations of the electron gas, the Maxwell equations, the continuity and momentum equations. The complex solution of these equations makes it possible to obtain the required output parameters depending on the input ones.
OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LIMIT STATE OF TRACTOR UNITS WITH THE USE OF INDICATOR COUNTERS
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Petrishchev Nikolay A. , Kostomakhin Mikhail N. , Sayapin Aleksandr S. , Makarkin Igor’ M. , Pestryakov Efim V. , Molibozhenko Konstantin K.
Published: October 2021

In accordance with GOST 20793-2009, the tractor and its components are subjected to resource diagnostics before maintenance. The technical condition of the components of the tractor or machine should be checked with the use of control and diagnostic equipment. Currently, the criteria for the limit state are significantly outdated and require revision from the point of view of tightening modern requirements for operational and economic characteristics and reliability indicators. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the state of the issue and the current regulatory documentation and making proposals for remote monitoring of the criteria for the limit states of individual components and aggregates. (Materials and methods) The article presents an analysis of scientific and technical documentation, State standards of the Russian Federation and scientific papers on the problems of minimizing technological risks, diagnostics and control suitability for determining the maximum technical condition, and staged studies on the possibility of monitoring the operation of individual components and units online. The article notes the need to adjust the criteria for the maximum technical condition in accordance with the new designs of resource-determining units, aggregates and existing technical regulations. (Results and discussion). The article presents the justification of the diagnostic process and identified contradictions in the design of tractors and existing scientific and technical documentation and standards, and proposed option of using meters-identifiers when upgrading tractors as a system of built-in online diagnostic tools. (Conclusions) Timely, automated monitoring of the technical condition of tractors, which is based on comparing data with the criteria of the limit condition, serves as a justification for the effective operation of equipment with built-in devices for diagnostics, which allows minimizing agrotechnological risks.
KINEMATICS OF THE DISTRIBUTION MECHANISM OF THE HYUNDAI ENGINE WITH ADJUSTABLE VALVE OPERATING TIME
Authors:   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Ivanov Aleksey G. , Kasimov Nikolay G. , Kostin Aleksandr V. , Shakirov Renat R. , Chernukhin Roman V. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical Univercity
Published: October 2021

Increasing the efficiency of modern internal combustion engines is going in the direction of optimizing the gas distribution phases in order to adjust them to the operating conditions of motor vehicles. Hyundai has announced the development of the first production engine with continuously variable valve operation time – Continuously Variable Valve Duration. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting a kinematic analysis of the gas distribution mechanism with an adjustable valve operating time, identifying the theoretical possibilities of this mechanism in comparison with the information provided in the prospects. (Materials and methods) The methods of kinematic analysis of lever mechanisms were used in the work. (Results and discussion) The analysis of the design of the gas distribution mechanism with an adjustable valve operating time made it possible to choose a suitable structural scheme that is equivalent to the original mechanism. The article presents the most effective method of kinematic analysis of this mechanism and developed on its basis a program for calculating the angles of rotation of the cam and the shaft of the gas distribution mechanism. (Conclusions) An engine with a valve operating time control system allows you to more effectively adjust the cylinder filling depending on the operating conditions due to the variable phase of rotation of the camshaft. The valve timing control system offered by Hyundai should only work with the valve timing control mechanism, since when the cam rotation speed changes, it starts working in the wrong phase that should be at a given time. With a slow rotation of the cam, it lags behind in phase from the shaft of the gas distribution mechanism, and with a fast rotation of the cam, on the contrary, the phase advance of the shaft of the gas distribution mechanism occurs.
INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF HYDRAULIC DRIVE PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Solomashkin Aleksey A. , Il’mukhametov Azamat F.
Published: October 2021

The article identifies the existing types of troubleshooting of self- propelled agricultural machinery. Taking into account the wear rate of the same type of parts from the group of parts of the same name when determining the permissible wear during their resource diagnostics is an urgent problem. The article presents the resource parameter and its influence on the reliability indicators of machine parts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in determining the basic principles of the strategy of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in order to ensure control of the technical condition of machine parts, in particular, to increase the reliability of hydraulic drive parts. (Materials and methods) The article presents the options for maintenance strategies, the disadvantages and advantages of each of them. (Results and discussion) The article presents standard maintenance strategies: according to the need, planned preventive, according to the condition and justifies the optimal type of maintenance, taking into account the wear rate of each specific part. Authors performed an analysis of the algorithm for carrying out maintenance in each case individually. The tolerance is set based on the condition: if the current value of the controlled resource parameter during the next diagnosis turns out to be less than the set value, then such a part at the current value of the wear rate will be able to refine it until the next inter-control check. (Conclusions) The choice of a maintenance strategy has an important role in increasing the reliability of hydraulic drive parts of agricultural machines. A strategy has been developed that takes into account the wear rate of each specific part and the culling is carried out taking into account the wear rate of each part individually. Parts with a high wear rate are rejected first, and parts with a low wear rate are the last.
THE CONCEPT OF RECYCLING OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Katayev Yuriy V. , Gerasimov Valeriy S. , Ignatov Vladimir I. , Baulin Nikolay K.
Published: October 2021

In a broad sense, the utilization of agricultural machinery is a set of technical, organizational, economic, legal, financial and environmental measures to ensure the effective utilization of agricultural machinery, its aggregates (compo-nents of the technical base) at the final stage of the life cycle in order to maximize involvement in economic turnover. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the work of foreign and domestic authors related to the formation of a resource-saving, environmentally-oriented system for recycling equipment. (Materials and methods) The article presents diverse studies in various areas, in which various materials and methods were used. Authors used a large amount of data characterizing the possibilities of creating a system for recycling agricultural ma-chinery in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, based on the state of the agricul-tural machine-tractor fleet, its age characteristics and the ability of engineering enterprises to carry out this type of activity. The obtained information was processed using statistical analysis methods. (Results and condemnation) The developed con-cept determines the necessity of creating a specific (industry-specific) system for the disposal of agricultural machinery in the agro-industrial complex of Russia as a component of a unified system for the disposal of machinery. (Conclusions) The conducted research showed that Russia is significantly lagging behind foreign countries in solving the problem of recycling equipment, so the best option can be considered to be working out the recycling mechanism in the process of building a local (industry) recycling system at the regional level. This will allow us to work out the elements of the national system for the disposal of decommissioned equip-ment in a relatively short time with minimal expenditure of various kinds of resources. The article presents the amount of subsidies for the creation of a specific system for the disposal of agricultural machinery in Russia.
PROSPECTS OF STRENGTHENING OF SHREDDERS KNIVES OF INDUSTRIAL INSTALLATIONS
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Aulov Vyacheslav F. , Rozhkov Yuriy N. , Lyalyakin Valentin P.
Published: October 2021

The main goal of agriculture is to obtain products, but its processing is no less important. At processing enterprises, grinding and cutting are the most important technological process. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the market of knives of processing machines, their pricing, resource and describing the economic efficiency of applying strengthening coatings. (Materials and methods) Authors used a digital method of searching through the Internet for enterprises that produce knives for processing machines, types of knives and their characteristics. (Results and discussion) Specialized knives are used for grinding products in the industrial plants. Since knives are a consumable item, the technology of their replacement is subject to requirements for the simplicity of the process, low cost and low labor cost. These requirements, together with the specific ones determined by the technology, form the design of the knives. The efficiency of the processing machine directly depends on the state of its working organs. Replacement of worn-out elements is accompanied by large labor costs, which leads to a decrease in labor productivity and to downtime of equipment in repair, and ultimately − to a decrease in the profit of the enterprise. (Conclusions) The hardening of knives by the borating method using high-frequency heating will increase the productivity of agricultural machinery and will give an economic effect up to 0.32 billion rubles due to an increase in the resource and a lower cost of manufacturing hardened knives compared to imported ones. By reducing the cost of domestic knives, you can get savings on one knife of 1960 rubles, provided that you refuse to purchase imported knives.
Use of Renewable Energy for Local Heating of Piglets
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Trunov Stanislav S. , Tikhomirov Dmitriy A. , Khimenko Aleksey V. , Kuz’michev Aleksey V. , Lamonov Nikolay G.
Published: October 2021

The analysis of technologies and technical means of creating a temperature regime in the piglet location zone, where two diﬀerent temperature fields must be created in the cold season: one for breeding pigs, the other for suckling piglets. The article considers the question of the use of thermoelectric modules and heat pipes as a source of thermal energy in local heating installations for suckling piglets. (Research purpose) There are proposed the functional and technological scheme of the installation for local heating of young animals with the use of thermoelectric modules and heat pipes. (Materials and methods) In the developed scheme, the thermal energy of the hot circuit of thermoelectric modules is used to heat the site on which the piglets are located. (Results and discussion) The heat of the cold circuit of the thermoelectric module assimilates the thermal energy of the removed ventilation air. For the eﬀective operation of a thermoelectric installation for local heating of piglets, it is necessary that the cooling circuit, which absorbs thermal energy from the environment, be involved in some technological process for heat removal, for example, the heated ventilation air being removed. This leads to a significant increase in the eﬃciency of thermoelectric modules. At the same time, the installation will operate in the heat pump mode, since the amount of heat released in the heat exchanger of the hot circuit of the thermoelectric assembly exceeds the amount of electricity consumed from the network. (Conclusions) The article presents the sample of a thermoelectric installation was developed and its laboratory tests. The article describes the energy eﬃciency of the use of thermoelectric modules as energy converters in thermal technological processes.
Development of an electromagnetic device for studying the electrophysical properties of agricultural products
Authors:   V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University, Gordeev Aleksandr S. , Singatulin Roman S.
Published: October 2021

The problem of control and quality of agricultural products is relevant for agro-industrial production. To determine the quality indicators, for example, milk, various indirect methods are used, but they are complex, some require special preliminary preparation of the sample. We need methods that will meet the following requirements: simplicity, speed and mobility. The identification of the electrophysical properties of biological objects can become the basis for the development of an electromagnetic method that will meet the above conditions. The article considers processes based on a change in the voltage (output signal) of a parallel oscillatory circuit in which an inductive cell contains the studied agricultural products. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a device for determining the electrophysical properties of biological objects, analyzing the results of the study, obtaining the dependences of the output signal of the resonant amplifier on the frequency of the generator. (Materials and methods) The article presents studies of the resonant processes occurring in the simplest parallel oscillatory LC circuit. The article analyses the eﬀect on the output parameters of a parallel oscillatory LC circuit when its inductance changes by placing various substances in an inductive coil. (Results and discussion) The article presents a block diagram of an electromagnetic device for determining and studying the electrophysical properties of biological objects. The block diagram is implemented directly into an electromagnetic device. Authors created a program in the MATLAB package for processing the experimental data. Based on the results of processing, authors got frequency dependencies for various biological objects of agriculture. (Conclusions) The processing of an array of experimental data will allow us to determine the functional, statistical and logical dependencies between the output and input values of the presented device.
Thermal Mode of Floor Power Plants in the Areas of Keeping Young Piglets
Authors: Kuz’michev Aleksey V. , Tikhomirov Dmitriy A. , Khimenko Aleksey V.
Published: October 2021

Agricultural enterprises include engineering systems for ensuring the vital activity of animals. The eﬀectiveness of such systems is determined by creating the required conditions in places where animals are kept in interaction with external temperature parameters of the habitat. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in considering the physical model of the heat flows distribution in piglets' recreation areas, developing the structural diagram of the power equipment of local installations to maintain a given thermal mode. (Materials and methods) The state of the issue was studied using theoretical models for describing a comfortable thermal mode for young animals. The physical model of "animal-environment" heat transfer was presented. The article describes the boundaries of the area of heat flow change to create comfortable conditions for keeping piglets of diﬀerent age groups. (Results and discussion) The contact method of heating piglets is characterized by high technological and energy eﬃciency. When the young animals are located on a surface heated to the required temperature, the outflow of heat from the animal's body to the floor is significantly reduced; hypothermia of vital organs is prevented. The normal vital activity of the animal is possible within a limited range of the surface temperature in their locations, the temperature factor is the key. Depending on the environmental conditions and the duration of the growing cycle, a certain level of thermal energy should be generated with a variable direction of the heat flow in the "animal-environment" thermodynamic system. (Conclusions) The article describes the necessity of developing fundamentally new technical means with a variable direction of heat flows. The article presents a structural scheme of local power equipment for maintaining a given thermal regime in the area of piglets with a variable heat flow in the "animal-environment" system. The results of the study serve as the basis for the design of operating modes of thermal power equipment, including using Peltier thermodynamic modules.
Thermoelectric Dryer for Vegetables and Fruits
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Trunov Stanislav S. , Tikhomirov Dmitriy A. , Khimenko Aleksey V. , Kuz’michev Aleksey V. , Lamonov Nikolay G.
Published: October 2021

In the conditions of medium and small agricultural enterprises, personal subsidiary farms, drying is the most acceptable and eﬀective method of processing vegetables and fruits. It provides high eﬃciency of production, storage and transportation of finished products. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a scheme of a drying plant using a heat pipe and a thermoelectric heat pump used as a source of thermal energy. (Materials and methods) The article presents an analog of a drying plant. The disadvantages of a convective electric dryer are a long drying time of products (for example, apples for up to 6-8 hours), which entails an increase in electricity consumption by 15-20 percent compared to infrared or conductive methods, as well as the complexity of the design of this type of dryer. (Results and discussion) The article presents the technical task for the drying plant, which promotes reducing the drying time and energy costs while maintaining high quality indicators of the finished product due to the use of a conductive method (less energy-intensive compared to a convective one). The main advantage of conductive drying is a significant intensity due to the high coeﬃcient of heat transfer between the hot surface and the material, due to which it is quickly dehydrated. The proposed drying method is characterized by low energy consumption, comparative simplicity of design and low cost of equipment. (Conclusions) The joint work of the thermoelectric device and the heat pipe allows saving energy consumption from the electrical network during the drying of products while maintaining high quality indicators of the finished product. Energy savings are achieved through the utilization of the heat of the spent coolant.
Modeling and Analysis of Lightning Protection in an Emergency Situation of a Lightning Strike
Authors:   Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorin, Vendin Sergey V. , Solov’ev Sergey V. , Kilin Stanislav V. , Yakovlev Aleksey O.
Published: October 2021

The grounding of the supports determines the resistive, the most significant component of the overvoltage acting on the insulation gap between the lightning rod and the equipment of the electrical substation when lightning strikes the lightning rod. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing recommendations for the grounding devices for lightning rod supports and means of suppressing sliding spark channels in a multi-wire system. (Materials and methods) The estimation of the share of lightning current in the grounding conductor of the lightning rod support can be calculated simplistically. This makes it possible to abandon the solution of long-line wave equations and switch to a substitution scheme with concentrated parameters, in which the active and inductive resistances of sections of an electric circuit loaded with lightning current should be considered, with mandatory consideration of inductive connections between them. (Results and discussion) The article presents the calculation for a pulse with an oblique front and a flat head, which is traditionally used to estimate the number of reverse overlaps on an overhead power transmission line when a lightning strike hit a support. It was assumed that the lightning strike occurred in the extreme thunderstorm, the current load mode of which is the least favorable. The greatest current load of the grounding conductor of the support corresponds to a direct lightning strike, when the current amplitude there diﬀers from the current amplitude of the first component in the lightning channel by no more than 25 percent, this mode should be taken as the calculated one when estimating the maximum length of the sliding spark channel. (Conclusions) The maximum lengths of sliding spark channels in soils of diﬀerent conductivity were determined using computer modeling of an emergency situation of a lightning strike, provided that the reinforced concrete foundations of the lightning rod supports connected by an underground horizontal bus are used as grounding conductors of lightning rods. The most eﬀective means of limiting the danger of sliding spark channels is their forced orientation to the side, which is safe for the grounding circuit of an electric substation.
Study of Double-Sided Silicon Solar Cells and Modules
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Strebkov Dmitriy S.
Published: October 2021

The first description of the photoelectric eﬀect in a vertical p-n transition in a silicon crystal dates back to 1941. The development of solar photovoltaic energy began in 1954 after the development of a single-sided planar silicon solar cell in the USA, in which the p-n junction is located parallel to the working illuminated surface. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting an analytical review of the designs and electrophysical characteristics of double-sided solar cells and modules, justifying the leading role of Soviet and Russian scientists in its creation and assessing the prospects for the use of double-sided solar cells and modules in solar photovoltaic energy. (Materials and methods) The first double-sided planar solar cells made of silicon were developed in the USSR in 1969-1970 and were widely used for power supply of low-orbit spacecraft; the first double-sided matrix solar cells with a vertical p-n transition made of silicon were created in the USSR in 1967-1970 and were first used at the Venera-7 interplanetary station in 1970. (Results and discussion) As a result of studies of various types of double-sided matrix solar cells, the following limiting characteristics were obtained: voltage density is 100 volts per square centimeter; linear dependence of the current in the illumination range is up to 10 kilowatts per square centimeter; voltage of one module is of 1000 volts; eﬃciency at illumination of 10 kilowatts per square meter is of 25 percent; eﬃciency at monochromatic illumination of 950-1060 nanometers is of 36-42 percent; the maximum voltage of the solar battery is of 32 kilovolts. A global solar power system consisting of three solar power plants measuring 200 by 200 kilometers from double-sided solar modules installed in Australia, Africa and Latin America, and connected by an electric transmission line, will provide year-round and round-the-clock energy supply to the Earth in the amount of 26,000 terawatt-hours per year under the program of transition to carbon-free energy. (Conclusions) During the analysis of the design, manufacturing technologies and characteristics of silicon solar cells with one and two working surfaces, it was revealed that double-sided solar cells have the greatest prospects for development in the solar energy industry.
Methods of Storage and Accumulation of Hydrogen
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Fedotov Anatoliy V. , Kovalev Dmitriy A.
Published: October 2021

Due to the depletion of natural fossil energy carriers, hydrogen is becoming a promising alternative fuel, the advantages of which are inexhaustible reserves and its high energy and environmental indicators. The undeveloped infrastructure for the supply of hydrogen fuel to consumers, the problems of storage/accumulation of hydrogen hinder the development of hydrogen energy. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in considering modern methods of storage and accumulation of hydrogen, comparing their advantages and disadvantages. (Materials and methods) The article presents the state of the issue on scientific and information sources and patent information published in the open press. Authors considered storage methods for a number of parameters, the main of which are: volume and mass content of hydrogen; storage conditions and hydrogenation-dehydrogenation processes; cyclic stability and cost. The article presents a patent search in the information search system of the database of the Federal Institute of Industrial Property by keywords. Authors studied the abstracts and applications of Russian inventions, formulas of Russian utility models. Mechanical stresses in capillaries were determined using the moment-free theory of shells. (Results and discussion) The article presents the results of studies on the storage of gaseous and liquid hydrogen, in inorganic and organic carriers, carriers based on nanomaterials, in microspheres and adsorbents, capillary structures and energy storage substances. The hydrides do not require maintaining a low temperature and provide a volume density of 100-150 grams per liter, comparable to liquid hydrogen. A cost-eﬀective method of storing hydrogen in microspheres and adsorbents is one of the promising methods for storing hydrogen gas under pressure in capillary or multicapillary structures made of glass, quartz, basalt and other materials. The density of hydrogen exceeds the density of liquid at a pressure of 200 megapascals. (Conclusions) Depending on the scale, purposes of storage and accumulation, it is possible to give preference to the method of storing hydrogen in liquid form, in multicapillary structures and various types of hydrogen carriers.
Clinical Educator and Student Perceptions of a Weekly Observed Practice Activity Evaluation Tool
Authors: Fedoriw Kelly Bossenbroek , Shaheen Amy W. , Birch Michele , Colford Cristin , Golding Julie , Beck Dallaghan Gary L.
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Clinical teachers (or preceptors) have expressed uncertainties about medical student expectations and how to assess them. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) created a list of core skills that graduating medical students should be able to perform. Using this framework, this innovation was designed to provide medical students specific, progressive clinical skills training that could be observed.
Methods: We used the AAMC skills to develop observable events, called Observed Practice Activities (OPAs), that students could accomplish with their outpatient preceptors. Preceptors and students were trained to use the OPA cards and all students turned in the cards at the end of the rotation.
Results: Seventy-nine of 115 preceptors and 80 of 149 students completed evaluations on the OPA cards. Both students (60%) and preceptors (70%) indicated the OPA cards were helpful for knowing expectations for a third-year medical student, although preceptors found the cards to be of greater value than the students.
Conclusions: The OPA cards enable outpatient preceptors to document student progress toward graduated skill acquisition. In addition, the OPA cards provide preceptors and students with specific tasks, expectations, and a template for directly observed, competency-based feedback. The majority of preceptors found the OPA cards easy to use and did not disrupt their clinical work. In addition, both students and preceptors found the cards to be helpful to understand expectations of a third-year medical student in our course. The OPA cards could be adapted by other schools to evaluate progressive skill development throughout the year.
Judicial oversight as a form of governance in the face of administration arbitrariness in administrative decisions
Authors: Alshawabkeh Faisal Abdulhafez , Shiyab Tayil Mahmoud
Published: October 2021

This research explains judicial control as a form of governance in the face of arbitrary administrative decisions — the UAE is an example (Zwart, 2016). The aim of the study is to demonstrate how judicial control can contribute to achieving good governance of the administrative decisions in the absence of the legislative provisions related to the causes of cancellation of an administrative decision. The data were sourced from relevant books, journals, official texts, and courts decisions. The data obtained was analysed through descriptive and analytic methods. This paper is divided into three themes. The first tackles the incidents of abuse of power. The second demonstrates the ways in which abuses of power can be proved, and the third discusses the correlation between judicial control and good governance. The study found that the abuse of power is related to the discretionary power of the administration and that it is a latent defect related to the psychological intentions of the decision-maker and is difficult to prove, also that the administrative jurisdiction plays an important role in promoting the good governance. The study concluded that it is important for the UAE legislator to issue a law regulating the action for the annulment of administrative decisions.
Burtonian line in a patient with occupational lead poisoning
Authors: Mohammadi Ali Banagozar , Moslemi Mohammadreza , Mirghaffari Alireza , Haramshahi Morteza
Published: October 2021

In this article, we want to present a patient with Burtonian or lead
line at the gum tooth line, a rare presentation of lead poisoning.
Paediatric empyema: are ultrasound characteristics at the time of intervention predictive of treatment failure?
Authors: Haggie Stuart , Selvadurai Hiran , Gunasekera Hasantha , Fitzgerald Dominic , Lord David , Chennapragada Murthy
Published: October 2021

Background: Parapneumonic effusions and empyema are the most frequent
complication of paediatric pneumonia. Treatment options include chest
drain and fibrinolytics (CDF) or thoracoscopic surgery. CDF is
considered less invasive, more cost effective though with higher rates
of reintervention. Pleural fluid characteristics on ultrasound may
identify cases at increased risk of treatment failure with primary CDF.
Methods: A retrospective cohort 2011-2018 of complicated pneumonia
managed with primary CDF. Cases were reviewed using ultrasound criteria
to describe pleural fluid. We compared ultrasound findings and treatment
failure. Results: We report 137 cases with a median age 3.8 years and
43% female. Treatment failure occurred for 32/137 (23%) cases. The
interobserver reliability was substantial for the number of septations
(Kappa 0.72, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8), moderate for the size of the largest
locule (Kappa 0.55, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.7) and fair for the level of
echogenicity (Kappa 0.22, 95%CI 0.1 to 0.3), pleural thickening (Kappa
0.28, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.4), maximum effusion depth (Kappa 0.37, 95%CI
0.2 to 0.5) and radiologist’s risk for reintervention (Kappa 0.32, 95%
CI 0.2 to 0.5). Hyperechoic pleural fluid was associated with treatment
failure, with cases nearly five times more likely than anechoic fluid to
have a reintervention (OR 4.9 95%CI 1.7 to 14.2, p=0.04). Treatment
failure was not associated with other variables. Conclusion: We did not
find an association between ultrasound characteristics and treatment
failure for complicated pneumonia managed with primary CDF.
Inter-observer agreement of ultrasound findings was difficult despite
more objective criteria.
Variations in infection control practices suggest a need for guidelines in primary ciliary dyskinesia patient care
Authors: Caliskan Ayse , Horani Amjad , Manion Michele , Brody Steven
Published: October 2021

Primary ciliary dyskinesis (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder
associated with impaired mucociliary clearance caused by defects in
ciliary structure and function. The major clinical feature of PCD is
recurring or persistent respiratory tract infection. Respiratory tract
colonization with drug-resistant organisms impact the frequency of
infections and lung function decline. Protective gear has been employed
by caregivers in an attempt to control respiratory tract bacterial
spread between patients with cystic fibrosis but use in PCD is not
known. We conducted a web-based survey to investigate infection control
and prevention practices of PCD centers in North America. The response
rate was 87.0%. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, glove, gown and mask
use was variable, and only 3.7% of centers used masks during encounters
with PCD outpatients. After COVID-19 mandates are lifted, 48.1% of
centers plan to continue to use masks during outpatient care, while the
practice regarding use of gloves and gowns was not influenced by the
current pandemic. There is no uniform practice for infection control in
PCD care indicating the need for practice guidelines. Mitigation of
respiratory virus transmission learned during the COVID-19 pandemic may
impact future infection control approaches used for patients with PCD
and other lung diseases.
Kültürel Şizofreniden Üretilen Mizah: "Aşkımızın Meyvesi Aytek"*
Authors: Çelik Adil
Published: October 2021

Köklerini sözlü kültürden alan Türk mizah yayıncılığı, dönem dönem atlattığı badirelere rağmen bir buçuk asırlık süreç boyunca kendi geleneğini oluşturmuş ve bu geleneğin içinden güçlü karikatüristlerin çizgileriyle biçimlenerek klasikleşmiş pek çok kahraman ortaya çıkmıştır. Söz konusu kahramanlar tıpkı geleneksel anlatılardaki Nasrettin Hoca, Bektaşi, Karagöz, Kavuklu ve daha nice örnek gibi ortak belleğe yerleşerek folklorik bir anlama kavuşmuştur. Bu kahramanlardan birinin anlatısı olan ve “Aşkımızın Meyvesi Aytek” adıyla Uykusuz Dergisi’nde Umut Sarıkaya tarafından yaratılan dizinin gelenek ve modernlik çatışması ekseninden çözümlenmesi, bu makalenin konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Sözü edilen karikatür dizisinde Batılı yaşam tarzını bir bütün olarak benimsemiş olan bir çift ile hemen her ayrıntısıyla köylülüğü, taşralılığı, yoksulluğu ve gelenekselliği temsil eden Aytek adlı çocuklarının öyküsü anlatılmaktadır. Çizilen karikatürlerde modernlik ve geleneksellik dikotomisi, ebeveynleri ve Aytek üzerinden gösterilse de bu gösterim alışılmadık roller üzerinden sunulmaktadır. Yeni neslin eski olanı, eski neslin ise yeni olanı tercih etmesinden doğan uyumsuzluk üzerinden üretilen bu eşsiz humor, Türkiye’de yaklaşık iki asırdır devam eden Batılılaşma çabalarının halk hayatında doğurduğu ve bir tür kültürel şizofreni olarak da tanımlanabilecek uyuşmazlığa dair sonuçları göstermesi açısından dikkat çekici veriler barındırmaktadır.
İftarlık Gazoz Filmi Örneğinde Sinemada Kültür Koruma Yaklaşımları
Authors: Ezgi Yılmaz Aysun
Published: October 2021

Günümüzde dünyanın küresel bir köy haline dönüşmesi, gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte hızlı tüketim çağının yaşanması gibi etmenler; kültürel değerlerin yok olmasına yol açmaktadır. Bireyleri dinlemekten, okumaktan, üretmekten alıkoyan bu çağda; söz ve yazıyı görsellerle harmanlayan zaman açısından tüketim insanının doğasına uygun olan sinemanın, söz konusu kültür erozyonunu önlemede etkili bir araç olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmaya konu olan, Yüksel Aksu’nun senaristliğini ve yönetmenliğini yaptığı “İftarlık Gazoz” adlı film barındırdığı kültürel unsurlarla birlikte kültürel değerlerin aktarımı ve korunması noktasında örnek teşkil etmektedir. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı tarafından desteklenen filmde yer alan folklorik unsurlar (usta-çırak ilişkisi, türküler, maniler, atasözleri vb.) incelendiğinde söz konusu unsurlara amaçsız bir şekilde yer verilmediği folklorik unsurların bilinçli bir kültür koruma yaklaşımının ürünü olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan film, taşıdığı kültürel unsurlar göz önünde bulundurularak kültürde tek tipleşmenin önüne geçmek üzere imzalanan Somut Olmayan Kültürel Mirasın Korunması Sözleşmesi ile Kültürel İfade Çeşitliliğinin Korunması ve Geliştirilmesi Sözleşmesi bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Çeviribilim ve Çeviri Olgusu Açısından İdeoloji
Authors: Yücel Faruk
Published: October 2021

Çeviri eylemi ve olgusunun dilbilimsel/metinsel ya da iletişimsel aktarıma indirgenemeyeceği gerçeği, artık çeviri alanında araştırma yapan ve çevirinin toplumdaki işlevi hakkında düşünen herkesin kabul ettiği bir gerçektir. Tek düzlemli bir aktarım olarak ele alınmaması gereken çeviri olgusu, zaman/uzama bağlı görece bir güç aracına dönüşebilir. Tarih boyunca düşüncenin gelişmesinde ve değişmesinde önemli rol oynayan dini, siyasi, felsefi ve bilimsel metinlerin oluşumunda ya da üretilmesinde çevirilerin etkisi düşünüldüğünden daha fazladır. Toplumlar, sosyal tarihi biçimlendiren düşünce ve kültürlerin gelişmesinde kaçınılmaz olarak birbirlerini olumlu ya da olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu etki alanlarından biri kuşkusuz çeviri ile ilgilidir. Bunun nedeni, metinlerin toplumu şekillendirmede en etkili araçlardan biri olmasıdır. Çeviriler bir toplumda ya da kültürde algı yönetimini biçimlendirmede bir araç olarak da kullanılabilmektedir. Çeviri denilen ürünler, belli bir zaman ve uzamda bir güç odağı tarafından planlı ve kasıtlı belli bir etki yaratarak toplumu değiştirmeye ya da yönlendirmeye çalışılıyorsa, burada ideolojik bir yapılanmadan söz edilebilir. Bu çalışmada, çeviribilim çalışmalarında ideoloji kavramının nasıl tartışıldığı ve çeviri sürecinde alınan kararlarda ideolojinin etkisi ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ideoloji kavramının açılımı ve anlamı sorgulanarak ideolojinin çeviri ile olan ilişkisi irdelenmektedir.
Oryantal Dans, Kadın Deneyimleri, Sahne ve Dramaturji: Bir Araştırma Hikâyesi
Authors: Kurt Berna
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada, son üç yıldır yürüttüğüm oryantal dans araştırmalarını değerlendireceğim. Araştırma sürecinde dansçı-araştırmacı, dramaturg, dans öğrencisi vd. olarak edindiğim kişisel deneyimleri, sanatsal ve bilimsel araştırmalar ya da bedensel ve zihinsel deneyimler gibi ikilikler kurmadan, üstlendiğim farklı rolleri gözden geçirerek inceleyeceğim.

Çalışmamda, kişisel deneyimlerim birincil kaynaklarımı, feminist yöntemi tartışan ve farklı kadınların oryantal dans deneyimlerini inceleyen araştırmalar da ikincil kaynaklarımı oluşturacak. Değerlendirmemi, feminist yöntemin konumlandırılmış bilgi, özdüşünümsellik, kadın deneyimlerini temel alma, kadınlarla birlikte ve güçlenmek için çalışma gibi ilkeleri etrafında yapacağım. Son olarak, araştırma sürecinin araştırmacı üzerindeki etkisini analiz edecek ve ilgili oryantal dans literatürüne başvuracağım. Farklı coğrafya ve tarihselliklerdeki kadınların oryantal dans deneyimlerini tartışarak, kişisel hikâyemi daha geniş bir bağlama oturtmaya çalışacağım.
Lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. in Ukraine with the description of Zwackhiomyces khodosovtsevii sp. nov. and a key to the lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat.
Authors: Darmostuk Valerii
Published: October 2021

A revision of lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. in Ukraine is
provided. As a result, 12 species of lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s.
lat. are reported from Ukraine. Among them, Zwackhiomyces khodosovtsevii on
Verrucaria cf. nigrescens is described as new to science and Lichenopeltella
coppinsii on V. muralis, Stigmidium marinum on V. mucosa as well as S.
rivulorum on V. dolosa, are newly reported to Ukraine. Ten species are
reported from xerotic terrestrial habitats mainly from Southern Ukraine.
Only Stigmidium marinum and S. rivulorum were found in a marine and
freshwater habitat respectively. Toninia subfuscae should be removed from
the Ukrainian list of lichenicolous fungi due to misidentification.
Didymosphaeria geminella is considered as a new synonym for Polycoccum
dzieduszyckii. A worldwide key for lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat.
is provided.
Noteworthy lichens recorded in the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Marcincinová Margaréta , Goga Michal , Mayrhofer Helmut , Backor Martin
Published: October 2021

Selected locations in four Balkan countries (Serbia, Albania, North Macedonia
and Greece) were visited. One hundred and twenty one lichen species were
recorded in fourteen locations. Cladonia cervicornis is reported new to
Serbia, as well as Cladonia squamosa, Pertusaria leioplaca, Xanthoparmelia
angustiphylla and Polycauliona polycarpa to Albania. One lichenicolous
fungus Plectocarpon lichenum was recorded. A brief description of the new or
interesting records of these species is also provided.
Dampak Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Terhadap Aspek Kognitif, Afektif, dan Psikomotor Bagi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)
Authors: Meilani Leni , Bastulbar Bahja , Pratiwi Wienike Dinar
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak yang dialami oleh siswa sekolah menengah atas (SMA) terhadap aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor selama pembelajaran jarak jauh atau pembelajaran daring diberlakukan. Selain dampak yang dirasakan, terdapat pula kendala yang dihadapi oleh siswa menengah atas (SMA)  terhadap penerapan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskrptif kualitatif dari hasil kuesioner  melalui google form. Kuesioner diajukan kepada siswa menengah atas mulai dari kelas X, XI, dan dan kelas XII. Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 20 responden. Adapun metode yang digunakan berupa metode kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian bahwa 80% dari responden mengikuti Pembelajaran jarah jauh dan 20% responden jarang mengikuti proses pembelajaran jarak jauh. Hal tersebut dialami oleh siswa baik jurusan IPA maupun IPS. 50% dari responden mengalami perubahan terhadap aspek kognitif, 45% dari responden  mengalami perubahan aspek psikomotor dan 60% dari responden mengalami perubahan terhadap aspek afektif.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh; dampak PJJ; kendala PJJ.
ANALISIS KEINTEGRASIAN MUATAN PELAJARAN SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS II TEMA KEBERSAMAAN DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: I.K.A. Darmawan  , A.A.I.N. Marhaeni  , N. Dantes
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskrepsikan keintegrasian materi pembelajaran, rancangan langkah-langkah kegiatan pembelajaran, rancangan penilaian, serta rancangan media dan sumber belajar di buku guru dan buku siswa sekolah dasar kelas II tema kebersamaan. Penelitian ini memggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh hasil penelitian yaitu: 1) terdapat keintegrasian pada materi pembelajaran dengan tingkat keintegrasian sangat baik sebesar 93,0% dengan kasifikasi intradisipliner; 2) terdapat keintegrasian pada rancangan langkah-langkah kegiatan pembelajaran dengan tingkat keintegrasian baik sebesar 81,0% dengan kasilfikasi intradisipliner; 3) terdapat keintegrasian pada rancangan penilaian dengan tingkat keintegrasian baik sebesar 78,0% dengan klasifikasi intradisipliner; 4) terdapat keintegrasian pada rancangan media dan sumber belajar dengan tingkat keintegrasian sangat baik sebesar 90,0% dengan klasifikasi intradisipliner dengan demikian analisi keintegrasian ini pada keempat komponen sudah baik seta dapat diimplementasikan di sekolah dasar.