bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fusion of airborne multimodal point clouds for vegetation parameter correction extraction in burned areas
Authors: He Rong , Dai Zhen , Zhu Guanghui , Bai Weisen
Published: February 2024

Most experimental studies use unimodal data for processing, the RGB image point cloud cannot separate the shrub and tree layers according to the visible vegetation index, and the airborne laser point cloud is difficult to distinguish between the ground and grass ranges, to address the above problems, a multi-band information image fusing the LiDAR point cloud and the RGB image point cloud is constructed. In this study, data collected from UAV platforms, including RGB image point clouds and laser point clouds, were used to construct a fine canopy height model (using laser point cloud data) and high-definition digital orthophotos (using image point cloud data), and the orthophotos were fused with a canopy height model (CHM) by selecting the Difference Enhancement Vegetation Index (DEVI) and Normalised Green-Blue Discrepancy Index (NGBDI) after comparing the accuracy of different indices. Morphological reconstruction of CHM + DEVI/NGBDI fusion image, remove unreasonable values; construct training samples, using classification regression tree algorithm, segmentation of the range of the burned areas and adaptive extraction of vegetation as trees, shrubs and grasslands, tree areas as foreground markers using the local maximum algorithm to detect the tree apexes, the non-tree areas are assigned to be the background markers, and the Watershed Transform is performed to obtain the segmentation contour; the original laser point cloud is divided into chunks according to the segmented single-tree contour, and the highest point is traversed to search for the highest point, and corrected for the height of the single-tree elevations one by one. Accuracy analysis of the vegetation information extracted by the method with the measured data showed that the improved method increased the overall recall rate by 4.1%, the overall precision rate by 3.7%, the overall accuracy F1 score by 3.9%, and the tree height accuracy by 8.8%, 1.4%, 1.7%, 6.4%, 1.8%, and 0.3%, respectively, in the six sampling plots. The effectiveness of the improved method is verified, while the higher the degree of vegetation mixing in the region the better the extraction effect of the improved algorithm.
LC-based lightfield camera prototype for rapidly creating target images optimized by finely adjusting several key coefficients and a LC-guided refocusing-rendering
Authors: Ye Mao , Gao Zecheng , Zhu Wenjie , Liu Kewei , Wang Zhe , Zhang Xinyu
Published: February 2024

A lightfield camera prototype is constructed by directly coupling a liquid-crystal (LC) microlens array with an arrayed photosensitive sensor for performing a LC-guided refocusing-rendering imaging attached by computing disparity map and extracting featured contours of targets. The proposed camera prototype presents a capability of efficiently selecting the imaging clarity value of the electronic targets interested. Two coefficients of the calibration coefficient k and the rendering coefficient C are defined for quantitively adjusting LC-guided refocusing-rendering operations about the images acquired. A parameter Dp is also introduced for exactly expressing the local disparity of the electronic patterns selected. A parallel computing architecture based on common GPU through the OpenCL platform is adopted for improving the real-time performance of the imaging algorithms proposed, which can effectively be used to extract the pixel-leveled disparity and the featured target contours. In the proposed lightfield imaging strategy, the focusing plane can be easily selected and/or further adjusted by loading and/or varying the signal voltage applied over the LC microlenses for realizing a rapid or even intelligent autofocusing. The research lays a solid foundation for continuously developing or upgrading current lightfield imaging approaches.
Super-resolution terahertz imaging based on a meta-waveguide
Authors: Li Xinyu , Wang Zhengxin , Jiang Huiqi , Deng Minghui , Yin Lesiqi , Gong Cheng , Liu Weiwei
Published: February 2024

A terahertz metamaterial waveguide (meta-waveguide) and a meta-waveguide-based lens-free imaging system are presented. The meta-waveguide not only inherits the low-loss transmission performance of a waveguide but also breaks through the diffraction limit under the action of the metamaterial, achieving subwavelength focusing. The focusing distance is far greater than the Rayleigh length, thus enabling far-field scanning imaging. For verification, a metal ring-based meta-waveguide was fabricated by 3D printing and metal cladding technology. Then, a transmission scanning imaging system working at 0.1 THz was built. High quality terahertz images with a resolution of 1/3 of the wavelength were obtained by placing the imaging targets at the focus and performing two-dimensional scanning. The focusing and transmission of terahertz wave in the meta-waveguide were simulated and analyzed.
Comparative analysis of digital holographic microscopy and digital lensless holographic microscopy for quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Obando-Vásquez Sofía , Lopera Maria J. , Restrepo Rene , Trujillo Carlos
Published: February 2024

This study provides a detailed comparison of two widely used quantitative phase imaging (QPI) techniques: single-shot off-axis digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and digital lensless holographic microscopy (DLHM). The primary aim is to evaluate and contrast critical aspects of their imaging performance, including spatial phase sensitivity, phase measurement accuracy, and spatial lateral resolution. Employing typical configurations for both DHM and DLHM, the study utilizes a customized phase test target featuring linear phase changes introduced by a specially designed linear density attenuation filter. Ground truth data from an atomic force microscope is incorporated to validate the experimental findings. The comparative analysis reveals that DHM and DLHM exhibit nearly identical spatial phase sensitivity, with DHM demonstrating a minimal 3.2% measurement error compared to DLHM's 4% in height measurement accuracy. Notably, DHM achieves a finer spatial lateral resolution down to 3.1 µm, surpassing DLHM's 5.52 µm. While DHM outperforms DLHM in precision and resolution, the latter offers advantages in terms of portability and cost-effectiveness. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, aiding in the informed selection of QPI methods based on specific application requirements.
Experimental post-selection loophole-free time-bin and energy-time nonlocality with integrated photonics
Authors: Santagiustina Francesco B. L. , Agnesi Costantino , Alarcón Alvaro , Cabello Adán , Xavier Guilherme B. , Villoresi Paolo , Vallone Giuseppe
Published: February 2024

Time-bin (TB) and energy-time (ET) entanglements are crucial
resources for long-distance
quantum information processing. However, their standard
implementations suffer from the so-called post-selection loophole that
allows for classical simulation and thus prevents quantum advantage.
The post-selection loophole has been addressed in proof-of-principle
experiments. An open problem though is to close it in real-life
applications based on integrated technologies. This is especially
important since, so far, all integrated sources of TB and ET
entanglements suffer from the post-selection loophole. Here, we report
post-selection loophole-free certification of TB or ET entanglement in
integrated technologies, by implementing in a silicon nitride chip the
“hug” scheme [Phys.
Rev. Lett. 102, 040401
(2009)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.102.040401] and
certifying genuine TB entanglement through the violation of a Bell
inequality.
Index analysis: An approach to understand signal transduction with application to the EGFR signalling pathway
Authors: Knöchel Jane , Kloft Charlotte , Huisinga Wilhelm
Published: February 2024

In systems biology and pharmacology, large-scale kinetic models are used to study the dynamic response of a system to a specific input or stimulus. While in many applications, a deeper understanding of the input-response behaviour is highly desirable, it is often hindered by the large number of molecular species and the complexity of the interactions. An approach that identifies key molecular species for a given input-response relationship and characterises dynamic properties of states is therefore highly desirable. We introduce the concept of index analysis; it is based on different time- and state-dependent quantities (indices) to identify important dynamic characteristics of molecular species. All indices are defined for a specific pair of input and response variables as well as for a specific magnitude of the input. In application to a large-scale kinetic model of the EGFR signalling cascade, we identified different phases of signal transduction, the peculiar role of Phosphatase3 during signal activation and Ras recycling during signal onset. In addition, we discuss the challenges and pitfalls of interpreting the relevance of molecular species based on knock-out simulation studies, and provide an alternative view on conflicting results on the importance of parallel EGFR downstream pathways. Beyond the applications in model interpretation, index analysis is envisioned to be a valuable tool in model reduction.
Interdisciplinary perspectives on digital technologies for global mental health
Authors: Kuhn Eva , Saleem Maham , Klein Thomas , Köhler Charlotte , Fuhr Daniela C. , Lahutina Sofiia , Minarik Anna , Musesengwa Rosemary , Neubauer Karolin , Olisaeloka Lotenna , Osei Francis , Reinhold Annika Stefanie , Singh Ilina , Spanhel Kerstin , Thomas Neil , Hendl Tereza , Kellmeyer Philipp , Böge Kerem
Published: February 2024

Digital Mental Health Technologies (DMHTs) have the potential to close treatment gaps in settings where mental healthcare is scarce or even inaccessible. For this, DMHTs need to be affordable, evidence-based, justice-oriented, user-friendly, and embedded in a functioning digital infrastructure. This viewpoint discusses areas crucial for future developments of DMHTs. Drawing back on interdisciplinary scholarship, questions of health equity, consumer-, patient- and developer-oriented legislation, and requirements for successful implementation of technologies across the globe are discussed. Economic considerations and policy implications complement these aspects. We discuss the need for cultural adaptation specific to the context of use and point to several benefits as well as pitfalls of DMHTs for research and healthcare provision. Nonetheless, to circumvent technology-driven solutionism, the development and implementation of DMHTs require a holistic, multi-sectoral, and participatory approach.
Concentration of heavy metals in pasteurized and sterilized milk and health risk assessment across the globe: A systematic review
Authors: Alinezhad Zahra , Hashemi Mohammad , Tavakoly Sany Seyedeh Belin
Published: February 2024

Objective

Although milk and dairy products are almost complete food, they can contain toxic heavy elements with potential hazards for consumers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive report on the occurrence, concentration, and health risks of selected heavy metals in pasteurized and sterilized milk recorded worldwide.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was used to develop this systematic review. Databases included the Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, and PubMed from inception until January 2023. Keywords related to the terms “Heavy metals”, “Arsenic” and “Pasteurized and sterilized milk” and “Risk Assessment” were used. The potential health risks to human health from milk daily consumption were estimated using extracted data on heavy metals concentration based on metal estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient, and carcinogenic risk.

Results

A total of 48 potentially relevant articles with data on 981 milk samples were included in the systematic review. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry were the most common valid methods to measure heavy metals in milk samples. Following the initial evaluation, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb were the most contaminants, which exceeded the maximum permissible criteria in 94%, 67%, 62%, and 46% of the milk samples tested. Relying on target hazard quotient and carcinogenic risk results, milk consumers in 33(68.75%) and 7 (14.5%) studies were exposed to moderate to high levels of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk, respectively. The highest level of risk is due to the consumption of pasteurized and sterilized milk detected in Pakistan, Brazil, Egypt, Slovakia, and Turkey.

Conclusion

The elevated levels of heavy metals in milk samples, especially Pb and Cd is a public health concern; therefore, maximum control and strict regulations must be adopted to decrease heavy metals contaminants in the dairy industry. Further studies are required to develop safe milk processing and handling methods for the decontamination of heavy metals in milk and its products.
Efficacy and safety of eszopiclone combined with drug therapy in the treatment of insomnia after stroke: A network meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Li Ruo-Yang , Zhu De-Liang , Chen Ke-Yu
Published: February 2024

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of multi-drug therapy based on eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia after stroke using a network meta-analysis method and to provide evidence for clinical practice.

Method

Computer searches of PubMed, Excerpt Medica Database (Embase), Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials, APA PsycInfo, CNKI, WanFang, Sinomed and other databases were performed to search for clinical randomized controlled studies (RCTs) on multi-drug therapy based on eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia patients after stroke. The search time was from the establishment of each database until July 2023. The bias risk assessment tool recommended by Cochrane was used to evaluate the quality of the included RCTs. Stata 14.0 was applied to perform network meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software for traditional meta-analysis.

Result

Eighteen RCTs and 1646 patients were ultimately included, involving 11 treatment options. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the ranking of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) decline was eszopiclone combined with sweet dream oral liquid (ESZ+SDOL)>eszopiclone combined with a shugan jieyu capsule (ESZ+SGJYC)>eszopiclone combined with agomelatine (ESZ+AGO)>eszopiclone combined with flupentixol and melitracen tablets (ESZ+FMT)>eszopiclone combined with yangxue qingnao granules (ESZ+YXQNG)>eszopiclone combined with mirtazapine (ESZ+MIR)>ESZ>FMT; the modified Edinburgh Scandinavia Stroke Scale (MESSS) decline ranking was ESZ+SDOL>ESZ+AGO>ESZ; and the clinical total effective rate ranking was eszopiclone combined with a xuefu zhuyu capsule (ESZ+XFZYC)>ESZ+MIR>ESZ+SGJYC>ESZ+SDOL> ESZ+FMT>ESZ+YXQNG>ESZ>FMT. In terms of clinical adverse reactions, in addition to ESZ therapy, ESZ+ESC had the highest number of adverse reactions, with abdominal pain being the most common. ESZ+YXQNG had the most types of adverse reactions, with 8 types.

Conclusion

Multi-drug therapy based on eszopiclone can effectively improve the sleep quality of patients with insomnia after stroke, and ESZ+SDOL has significant efficacy and safety. However, due to the limitations of this study, efficacy ranking cannot fully explain the superiority or inferiority of clinical efficacy. In the future, more multicentre, large sample, double-blind randomized controlled trials are needed to supplement and demonstrate the results of this study.
Micro-occurrence characteristics and charging mechanism in continental shale oil from Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Li Jiasi , Jin Aimin , Zhu Rong , Lou Zhanghua ,   on behalf of The Hebei Scolike Petroleum Technology Co., Ltd
Published: February 2024

The micro-occurrence characterization of shale oil is a key geological issue that restricts the effective development of continental shale oil in China. In order to make up for the lack of research in this area, this paper carries out a series of experiments on the shale oil of the Lucaogou Formation using a multi-step extraction method, with the aim of exploring the micro-occurrence types and mechanisms of shale oil in the Lucaogou Formation, as well as exploring its direct connection with production and development. In this paper, shale oil in the reservoir is divided into two categories: free oil and residual oil. The polar substances and OSN compounds are the key factors determining the occurrence state of shale oil. Abundant polar substances and OSN compounds can preferentially react with mineral surfaces (including coordination, complexation, ionic exchange, and so on) to form a stable adsorption layer, making it difficult to extract residual oil in actual exploitation. Free oil is mainly composed of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and its adsorption capacity is related to the length of the carbon chain, i.e. long carbon chain, strong adsorption capacity, and poor movability. Free oil is widely stored in pores and cracks, and that with high mobility can be the most easily extracted, making it the main target at present exploitation. In the current state of drilling and fracturing technology, research should prioritize understanding the adsorption and desorption mechanisms of crude oil, particularly residual oil. This will help optimize exploitation programs, such as carbon dioxide fracturing and displacement, to enhance shale oil production.
Perinatal choline supplementation prevents learning and memory deficits and reduces brain amyloid Aβ42 deposition in AppNL-G-F Alzheimer’s disease model mice
Authors: Bellio Thomas A. , Laguna-Torres Jessenia Y. , Campion Mary S. , Chou Jay , Yee Sheila , Blusztajn Jan K. , Mellott Tiffany J.
Published: February 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive and memory impairments and neuropathological abnormalities. AD has no cure, inadequate treatment options, and a limited understanding of possible prevention measures. Previous studies have demonstrated that AD model mice that received a diet high in the essential nutrient choline had reduced amyloidosis, cholinergic deficits, and gliosis, and increased neurogenesis. In this study, we investigated the lifelong effects of perinatal choline supplementation on behavior, cognitive function, and amyloidosis in AppNL-G-F AD model mice. Pregnant and lactating mice were given a diet containing either 1.1 g/kg (control) or 5 g/kg (supplemented) of choline chloride until weaning and subsequently, all offspring received the control diet throughout their life. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age, animals were behaviorally tested in the Open Field Test, Elevated Plus Maze, Barnes Maze, and in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. Immunohistochemical analysis of Aβ42 was also conducted on the brains of these mice. AppNL-G-F mice displayed hippocampal-dependent spatial learning deficits starting at 3-months-old that persisted until 12-months-old. These spatial learning deficits were fully prevented by perinatal choline supplementation at young ages (3 and 6 months) but not in older mice (12 months). AppNL-G-F mice also had impaired fearful learning and memory at 9- and 12-months-old that were diminished by choline supplementation. Perinatal choline supplementation reduced Aβ42 deposition in the amygdala, cortex, and hippocampus of AppNL-G-F mice. Together, these results demonstrate that perinatal choline supplementation is capable of preventing cognitive deficits and dampening amyloidosis in AppNL-G-F mice and suggest that ensuring adequate choline consumption during early life may be a valuable method to prevent or reduce AD dementia and neuropathology.
Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS 2022): Investigating the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption data across the participating countries
Authors: Ajulo Samuel , Awosile Babafela
Published: February 2024

For the first time since 2015, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance (GLASS) featured both global reports for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial consumption (AMC) data in its annual reports. In this study we investigated the relationship of AMR with AMC within participating countries reported in the GLASS 2022 report. Our analysis found a statistically significant correlation between beta-lactam/cephalosporin and fluoroquinolones consumption and AMR to these antimicrobials associated with bloodstream E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among the participating countries (P<0.05). We observed that for every 1 unit increase in defined daily dose DDD of beta-lactam/cephalosporins and quinolone consumptions among the countries, increased the recoveries of bloodstream-associated beta-lactam/cephalosporins-resistant E. coli/Klebsiella spp. by 11–22% and quinolone-resistant E. coli/Klebsiella spp. by 31–40%. When we compared the antimicrobial consumptions between the antimicrobial ATC (Alphanumeric codes developed by WHO) groups and countries, we observed a statistically significant higher daily consumption of beta-lactam-penicillins (J01C, DDD difference range: 5.23–8.13) and cephalosporins (J01D, DDD difference range: 2.57–5.13) compared to other antimicrobial groups among the countries (adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey’s method). Between the participating countries, we observed a statistically significant higher daily consumption of antimicrobial groups in Iran (DDD difference range: 3.63–4.84) and Uganda (DDD difference range: 3.79–5.01) compared to other participating countries (adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey’s method). Understanding AMC and how it relates to AMR at the global scale is critical in the global AMR policy development and implementation of global antimicrobial stewardship.
Distinct roles for type I and type III interferons in virulent human metapneumovirus pathogenesis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xu Jiuyang , Miranda-Katz Margot , Sojati Jorna , Tollefson Sharon J. , Manni Michelle L. , Alcorn John F. , Sarkar Saumendra N. , Williams John V.
Published: February 2024

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory infection in children and adults worldwide. There are four genetic subgroups of HMPV and both neutralizing antibodies and T cells contribute to protection. However, little is known about mechanisms of pathogenesis and most published work is based on a few extensively passaged, laboratory-adapted strains of HMPV. In this study, we isolated and characterized a panel of low passage HMPV clinical isolates representing all four genetic subgroups. The clinical isolates exhibited lower levels ofin vitroreplication compared to a lab-adapted strain. We compared disease phenotypes using a well-established mouse model. Several virulent isolates caused severe weight loss, lung pathology, airway dysfunction, and fatal disease in mice, which was confirmed in three inbred mouse strains. Disease severity did not correlate with lung viral titer, as virulent strains exhibited restricted replication in the lower airway. Virulent HMPV isolates were associated with markedly increased proinflammatory cytokine production and neutrophil influx; however, depletion of neutrophils or genetic ablation of inflammasome components did not reverse disease. Virulent clinical isolates induced markedly increased type I and type III interferon (IFN) secretionin vitro and in vivo. STAT1/2-deficient mice lacking both type I and type III IFN signaling showed reduced disease severity and increased lung viral replication. Inhibition of type I IFN signaling using a blocking antibody or genetic ablation of the type I IFN receptor reduced pathology with minimal effect on viral replication. Conversely, blockade of type III IFN signaling with a neutralizing antibody or genetic ablation of the IFN-lambda receptor had no effect on pathogenesis but restored viral replication. Collectively, these results demonstrate distinct roles for type I and type III IFN in HMPV pathogenesis and immunity.
Structural basis of the recognition of adeno-associated virus by the neurological system-related receptor carbonic anhydrase IV
Authors: Zhang Ran , Liu Yixiao , Yu Fengxi , Xu Guangxue , Li Lili , Li Baobin , Lou Zhiyong
Published: February 2024

Carbonic anhydrase IV (Car4) is a newly identified receptor that allows adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9P31 to cross the blood-brain barrier and achieve efficient infection in the central nervous system (CNS) in mouse models. However, the molecular mechanism by which engineered AAV capsids with 7-mer insertion in the variable region (VR) VIII recognize these novel cellular receptors is unknown. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of AAV9P31 and its complex with Mus musculus Car4 at atomic resolution by utilizing the block-based reconstruction (BBR) method. The structures demonstrated that Car4 binds to the protrusions at 3-fold axes of the capsid. The inserted 7-mer extends into a hydrophobic region near the catalytic center of Car4 to form stable interactions. Mutagenesis studies also identified the key residues in Car4 responsible for the AAV9P31 interaction. These findings provide new insights into the novel receptor recognition mechanism of AAV generated by directed evolution and highlight the application of the BBR method to studying the virus-receptor molecular mechanism.
Guanylate-binding protein 1 acts as a pro-viral factor for the life cycle of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Bender Daniela , Koulouri Alexandra , Wen Xingjian , Glitscher Mirco , Schollmeier Anja , Fernandes da Costa Liliana , Murra Robin Oliver , Carra Gert Paul , Haberger Vanessa , Praefcke Gerrit J. K. , Hildt Eberhard
Published: February 2024

Viral infections trigger the expression of interferons (IFNs) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), which are crucial to modulate an antiviral response. The human guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) is an ISG and exhibits antiviral activity against several viruses. In a previous study, GBP1 was described to impair replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the impact of GBP1 on the HCV life cycle is still enigmatic.

To monitor the expression and subcellular distribution of GBP1 and HCV we performed qPCR, Western blot, CLSM and STED microscopy, virus titration and reporter gene assays.

In contrast to previous reports, we observed that HCV induces the expression of GBP1. Further, to induce GBP1 expression, the cells were stimulated with IFNγ. GBP1 modulation was achieved either by overexpression of GBP1-Wt or by siRNA-mediated knockdown. Silencing of GBP1 impaired the release of viral particles and resulted in intracellular HCV core accumulation, while overexpression of GBP1 favored viral replication and release. CLSM and STED analyses revealed a vesicular distribution of GBP1 in the perinuclear region. Here, it colocalizes with HCV core around lipid droplets, where it acts as assembly platform and thereby favors HCV morphogenesis and release.

Collectively, our results identify an unprecedented function of GBP1 as a pro-viral factor. As such, it is essential for viral assembly and release acting through tethering factors involved in HCV morphogenesis onto the surface of lipid droplets.
Basigin mediation of Plasmodium falciparum red blood cell invasion does not require its transmembrane domain or interaction with monocarboxylate transporter 1
Authors: King Nadine R. , Martins Freire Catarina , Touhami Jawida , Sitbon Marc , Toye Ashley M. , Satchwell Timothy J.
Published: February 2024

Plasmodium falciparum invasion of the red blood cell is reliant upon the essential interaction of PfRh5 with the host receptor protein basigin. Basigin exists as part of one or more multiprotein complexes, most notably through interaction with the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1. However, the potential requirement for basigin association with MCT1 and the wider role of basigin host membrane context and lateral protein associations during merozoite invasion has not been established. Using genetically manipulated in vitro derived reticulocytes, we demonstrate the ability to uncouple basigin ectodomain presentation from its transmembrane domain-mediated interactions, including with MCT1. Merozoite invasion of reticulocytes is unaffected by disruption of basigin-MCT1 interaction and by removal or replacement of the basigin transmembrane helix. Therefore, presentation of the basigin ectodomain at the red blood cell surface, independent of its native association with MCT1 or other interactions mediated by the transmembrane domain, is sufficient to facilitate merozoite invasion.
Measuring the stress of autistic people with the help of a smartwatch, Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Moraiti Ioanna , Drigas Athanasios
Published: February 2024

This paper presents the outcomes of a research study that aimed to evaluate the anxiety levels of 10 individuals with autism using Internet of Things (IoT) technology, specifically a wireless smart watch. The incorporation of technology into daily life underscores the significance of recognizing its advantages in enhancing the well-being of individuals. The research study was carried out subsequent to an extensive review of the available literature, which explored various approaches to detecting stress utilizing sensors embedded in smart devices through IoT technology. The research was conducted on 10 adults with autism who were instructed to wear the smart watch, which provided measurements of their anxiety levels both in a calm state of mind and when exposed to loud music. The measurements were obtained during periods when the autistic individuals were relaxed, as well as when they were exposed to high volumes of music. The findings are presented in statistical charts after meticulous data analysis and are noteworthy as they validate previous studies on measuring and identifying anxiety in individuals with autism, as well as the disparities found in comparison to neurotypical individuals.
Phyto-assisted synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract and their antibacterial activity: An ecofriendly approach
Authors: Phanse Nandini V. , Venkataraman Krishnaiah , Kekre Pravin A. , Shah Sanjay , Parikh Shilpa
Published: February 2024

To meet the increasing demands for commercial nanoparticles new eco-friendly methods of synthesis are being discovered. Plant mediated synthesis of nanoparticles offers single step, easy extracellular synthesis of nanoparticles. We report the synthesis of antibacterial Silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of the medicinal plant, Tinospora cordifolia. The leaf extract was prepared by boiling chopped leaves of Tinospora cordifolia in deionized water for 10 min and filtering the mixture with Whatman filter paper No.1. The filtrate was used as a reducing agent and stabilising agent for AgNO3. On adding 1 mM solution of Silver nitrate to the leaf extract and stirring at 75 °C for 25 min, a change in colour from yellow-brown to brown-black specified the production of Silver nanoparticles. The formation of Silver nanoparticles was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy and further characterization of the synthesized Silver nanoparticles was done by XRD studies. The antibacterial studies were performed on Gram negative and Gram positive pathogens, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, by agar well diffusion method, on Mueller Hinton agar medium. The Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract were found to have antimicrobial activity against these Gram negative and Gram positive pathogenic bacteria.
Main nursing diagnoses in a patient with traumatic injury of the spinal cord from the perspective of high complexity
Authors: Oliveira Ane Raquel de , Ribeiro Wanderson Alves , Constantino Gabriel Nivaldo Brito , Santos Larissa Christiny Amorim dos , Guedes Miriam Maria Ferreira , Souza Érica Motta Moreira de , Reis Elcio Gomes dos
Published: February 2024

Traumatic spinal cord injury and sequelae are catastrophic events that adversely affect the victim's functional capacity, and rapid rehabilitation is necessary. Nursing patients with spinal cord injury is essential for the patient's rehabilitation. Nursing professionals offer individualized support according to different levels of complexity to prevent and treat the main complications caused by spinal cord injury. The objective of this study was to verify knowledge about the care of patients with spinal cord injuries undergoing rehabilitation. This study was developed from the virtual databases resident in the Library Research Portal: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); Scientific Electronic Library online (SciELO); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Elsevier. It is concluded that nurses have knowledge of methods and scientific support to care for patients with spinal cord injuries. Their professional qualification provides greater technical competence in activities carried out with victims and facilitates the progression of trauma. Its process has a high contribution to rehabilitation, aiming at care that pays attention to each individual's needs and particularities, helping to face the physical, social and psychological limitations of patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries.
Skin lesions associated with invasive devices in highly complex neonatal and pediatric patients
Authors: Ribeiro Wanderson Alves , Oliveira Ane Raquel de , Constantino Gabriel Nivaldo Brito , Santos Larissa Christiny Amorim dos , Guedes Miriam Maria Ferreira , Souza Érica Motta Moreira de , Reis Elcio Gomes dos
Published: February 2024

The skin is the largest organ of the human body. It has three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis performs multiple functions in the body, standing out as a defensive barrier and internal integrity in addition to containing the evasion of moisture, and exogenous substances. Injury is by definition any interruption in the continuity of the skin regardless of its extent and may be chronic or acute. A newborn's skin is delicate and vulnerable, and the use of invasive devices in highly complex care can negatively affect its integrity. This review study addressed data from Brazilian research on newborn skin in intensive hospital treatment units. The studies evaluated were obtained from the SciELO, Medline and Lilacs, Google Scholar and Elsevier databases. The inclusion criteria were articles, monographs, dissertations and theses published in the period between 2018 and 2023, in Portuguese with a pre-established theme, and the exclusion criteria were articles, monographs, dissertations and repeated theses, incomplete manuscripts and with unauthorized access free of charge. As results, 3 categories were obtained: Category 1 – Main causes of skin lesions in newborns and highly complex children. Category 2- Prevention measures in newborns and highly complex children with skin lesions. Category 3- Highly complex skin care strategies for newborns and children. It is evident that due to the high susceptibility of newborns and children to develop highly complex skin lesions, it requires greater attention from the nursing team. Early detection of the risk of skin lesions and the use of prophylaxis enable a better quality of life for newborns hospitalized in high complexity, avoiding and minimizing skin lesions caused by the care provided.
ERAP-1 and ERAP-2 Variants in Liver Injury After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: A US Multicenter Study
Authors: Fontana Robert J. , Li Yi Ju , Vuppalanchi Raj , Kleiner David E. , Gu Jiezhun , Shroff Hersh , Van Wagner Lisa B. , Watkins Paul B. ,   on behalf of the US DILIN study group
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:

The aim of this study is to describe the presenting features, genetic factors, and outcomes of 23 adults who developed liver injury after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination.

METHODS:

Patients with suspected COVID-19 vaccine hepatitis were enrolled into the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Causality was assessed using the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network expert opinion score. High-resolution HLA sequencing was undertaken using Illumina platform.

RESULTS:

Amongst the 16 high causality cases, median time to onset was 16 days, median age was 63 years, and 75% were female. The injury was hepatocellular in 75% with a median alanine aminotransferase of 497 U/L, and 37% had jaundice. An antinuclear antibody and smooth muscle antibody were detectable in 27% and 36%, but only 12% had an elevated immunoglobulin G level. During follow-up, 37% received a short course of corticosteroids, and 88% fully recovered by 6 months with no deaths observed. HLA alleles associated with autoimmune hepatitis were not overrepresented compared with controls, but an ERAP-2 variant (rs1263907) and the ERAP-1 Hap6 haplotype were significantly overrepresented in the high causality cases vs controls (P = 0.026 and 5 × 10−5, respectively).

DISCUSSION:

Acute liver injury may arise within 8 weeks of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination that is generally mild and self-limited in most patients. The absence of an association with the AIH HLA alleles combined with the significant ERAP-2 and ERAP-1 Hap6 haplotype associations implicates a unique but very rare host immune response to vaccine-derived antigens in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 vaccine hepatotoxicity.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Hospitalizations Are Similar for Patients Receiving Televisit-Delivered Outpatient Care and Those Receiving Traditional In-Person Care
Authors: Cohen-Mekelburg Shirley , Valicevic Autumn , Lin Lewei (Allison) , Saini Sameer D. , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Adams Megan A.
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulted in widespread expansion of telehealth. However, there are concerns that telehealth-delivered outpatient care may limit opportunities for managing complications and preventing hospitalizations for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to assess the association between outpatient IBD care delivered through televisit (video or phone) and IBD-related hospitalizations.

METHODS:

We conducted a case-control study of patients with IBD who had an IBD-related index hospitalization between April 2021 and July 2022 and received their care in the Veterans Health Administration. We matched these hospitalized patients to controls who were not hospitalized based on age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidity index, IBD type, IBD-related emergency department use, IBD-related hospitalizations, and outpatient gastroenterology visits in the preceding year. The variable of interest was the percentage of total clinic visits delivered through televisit in the year before the index hospitalization. We compared the risk of IBD-related hospitalization by exposure to televisit-delivered care using conditional logistic regression.

RESULTS:

We identified 534 patients with an IBD-related hospitalization and 534 matched controls without an IBD-related hospitalization during the study period. Patients with IBD with a higher percentage of televisit-delivered (vs in-person) outpatient care were less likely to be hospitalized during the study period (for every 10% increase in televisit use, odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.94–1.00; P = 0.03).

DISCUSSION:

Televisit-delivered outpatient IBD care is not associated with higher risk of IBD-related hospitalization. These findings may reassure clinicians that televisit-delivered outpatient care is appropriate for patients with complex chronic diseases such as IBD.
The Development of a Group Counseling Program to Improve the Competencies of Guidance for Psychologically Burnt-out Secondary School Teachers
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Kim Hyun-Jeong , Yu Hyung-Keun
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a group counseling program to improve competencies of
guidance for psychologically burnt-out secondary school teachers and verify the effect of the program
through its implementation.
Methods: The research participants were twenty teachers selected from 310 secondary school teachers
who had answered a Teacher Burnout Inventory(TBI). The participants were those with results of
a T-score higher than 55 on the “psychological burnout” scale combined with a T-score higher than
55 on either the “sense of incompetency” scale or the “frustration” scale. They were divided into
two groups: ten teachers in the experimental group and the other ten in the control group. After
implementing the program, the quantitative data were statistically processed using Mixed ANOVA
and the qualitative data such as reflective reports written by the participants in each session and
observations of the group leader were utilized as well.
Results: First, the program has a significant effect on an improvement of the competencies of guidance
of psychologically burnt-out secondary school teachers. Second, the participants responded positively
to the program according to the reflective reports and observations of the group leader. Third, there
was a significant difference between the change in the competency of student counseling, empathy
for students and managing students’ behavior.
Conclusion: The group counseling program developed in this study was shown to be effective in
improving the competencies of guidance of psychologically burnt-out secondary school teachers.
Musikvermittlung und ihre Überschneidungen mit verwandten Praxisfeldern
Authors: Petri-Preis Axel
Published: February 2024

Axel Petri-Preis gibt in diesem Artikel einen Überblick über die möglichen Überschneidungen zwischen Musikvermittlung und verwandten Praxisfeldern. Er argumentiert, dass die Differenzen zwischen den Feldern nicht zur Abgrenzung voneinander verwendet werden sollten. Vielmehr könnte mit François Jullien gesprochen im fruchtbaren Zwischen gemeinsames Neues entstehen.
Kompositionsprojekte
Authors: Schneider Hans
Published: February 2024

Hans Schneider beschäftigt sich in seinem Beitrag mit Kompositionsprojekten, die im Rahmen des schulischen Musikunterrichts durchgeführt werden. Einleitend geht es um die Untersuchung des Begriffs »Komponieren« und die unterschiedlichen Deutungen. Im historischen Abriss wird die Entwicklung seit dem Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts im Rahmen der Reformpädagogik über die auditive Wahrnehmungserziehung Ende der 1960er Jahre und die ersten Response-Projekte in England und Deutschland in den 1980er Jahre bis in die Gegenwart aufgezeigt. Es folgt eine konkrete Projektbeschreibung (Klangnetze) und daran anschließend werden Projekte wie Klangradar, Querklang, KOMPÄD und Campus Neue Musik gegenübergestellt. Die Frage nach der ästhetischen Qualität kollaborativer Kompositionen bildet den Abschluss seines Beitrags.
Musikvermittlung in freiheitsentziehenden Kontexten
Authors: Ziegenmeyer Annette
Published: February 2024

Ziegenmeyer widmet sich in diesem Beitrag dem Thema der Musikvermittlung in Hafteinrichtungen. Als Orte des extremen gesellschaftlichen Ausschlusses finden auch dort Musikangebote in unterschiedlicher Art und Dimension statt. Interessierte Musikvermittler_innen müssen Zeit mitbringen sowie den Willen, die eigene Komfortzone zu verlassen. Ferner erfordert der Zugang zu geschlossenen Institutionen wie Gefängnissen eine gründliche Vorbereitung und Auseinandersetzung mit den Spezifika des Kontexts. Hat man diese Anfangshürden aber überwunden, wird man in vielerlei Hinsicht mehr als entschädigt, denn die hier gemachten Erfahrungen hinterlassen bei allen Beteiligten Spuren, die bestenfalls sozial-transformatorisch wirken können. So kann die Begegnung zwischen Menschen, die sich im Alltag eher nicht begegnen würden, einen Perspektivwechsel anregen und damit einhergehend das kritische Hinterfragen und Korrigieren eigener Überzeugungen und Handlungsmuster.
Meinung, Halbwahrheit, Ideologie
Authors: Marz Ulrike
Published: February 2024

Ulrike Marz fragt in ihrem Beitrag nach der Bedeutung des Meinungshaften im Rassismus. »Meinung ist die wie immer auch eingeschränkte Setzung eines subjektiven, in seinem Wahrheitsgehalt beschränkten Bewußtseins als gültig« schreibt Adorno in »Meinung Wahn Gesellschaft« (1960). Der Text geht den Gründen und Konsequenzen des Rückzugs auf Meinung und Meinungsfreiheit im gegenwärtigen Rechtspopulismus insbesondere im Kontext rassistischer Äußerungen nach.
Identitärer Terror
Authors: Sassmannshausen Felix
Published: February 2024

Der Jurist und Politikwissenschaftler Franz L. Neumann (1900-1954) hat sich als einer der wenigen Vertreter der Kritischen Theorie systematisch mit Fragen der Demokratie und den völkischen Ideen des Staats- und Verfassungsrechtlers Carl Schmitt befasst. Neumanns Wirken lässt sich dabei als dialektische Kritik am identitären Demokratiebegriff von Schmitt interpretieren. Der Beitrag plädiert auch angesichts aktueller Erosionserscheinungen liberaler Demokratien und der Konjunktur der völkischen Rechten für eine Rekonstruktion von Neumanns Überlegungen. Denn seine Theorie bietet eine bedeutende Grundlage, um die gegenwärtige Popularität von Schmitts identitärem Demokratiebegriff als ideologische Schiefheilung der Widersprüche moderner Demokratien zu verstehen und zu kritisieren.
Kritische Gesellschaftstheorie in der Flucht- und Migrationsforschung
Authors: Georgi Fabian
Published: February 2024

Fabian Georgi beschäftigt sich in diesem Beitrag mit gesellschaftstheoretischen Defiziten der Flucht- und Migrationsforschung und mit Wegen, diese zu überwinden. Während zahlreiche Analysen von Flucht- und Migrationsprozessen an unmittelbar sichtbaren Akteur*innen, Praktiken, Diskursen und Situationen ansetzen und ohne grundlegenden Bezug zum gesellschaftsstrukturellen Ganzen analysieren, setzen andere Studien die erforschten Phänomene durchaus in einen »machtkritischen« Kontext. Was in beiden Varianten verloren zu gehen droht, ist eine Reflexion kapitalistischer Vergesellschaftung als entscheidenden gesellschaftsstrukturellen und politökonomischen Kontext. Der vorliegende Beitrag skizziert, was Gesellschaftstheorie aus einer kritisch-materialistischen Perspektive bedeutet und wie sich deren Motive in der Analyse von Flucht- und Migrationsregimen konkretisieren lassen.
Sprachliche Perfektion als Norm professionellen Handelns
Authors: Lialiou Ioanna , Rotter Carolin , Pfaff Nicolle
Published: February 2024

Ioanna Lialiou, Nicolle Pfaff und Carolin Rotter widmen sich in ihrem Beitrag der Bedeutung des Erwerbs der deutschen Sprache im Rahmen von Professionalisierungsanforderungen, die durch den Wechsel zwischen nationalstaatlich verankerten Schulsystemen bestehen. Aus professionalisierungstheoretischer und linguizismuskritischer Perspektive werden Erfahrungen von qualifizierten, erfahrenen Lehrkräften untersucht, die als Geflüchtete über sogenannte Qualifizierungsprogramme in deutsche Schulen einmünden. Die Rekonstruktionen auf Basis dokumentarischer Analysen narrativer Interviews zeigen eine deutliche Dominanz des Erwerbs der deutschen Sprache und die Orientierung am Konzept der sprachlichen Perfektion. Für geflüchtete Lehrkräfte wirkt diese Orientierung als Anforderung an ihre Professionalität wie auch als gesellschaftliche Integrations¬erwartung.
Vorbereitungsklasse als komplexe Übergangssituation
Authors: Reinhardt Anna Cornelia
Published: February 2024

Anna Cornelia Reinhardt beleuchtet in ihrem Beitrag das soziale Phänomen der Vorbereitungsklassen im Rahmen eines situationsanalytisch informierten Forschungsansatzes und präsentiert eine relationale Untersuchungsperspektive für die erziehungswissenschaftliche Migrationsforschung. Vorbereitungsklassen werden in diesem Kontext heuristisch und konzeptionell als komplexe Übergangssituationen rekonstruiert. Die Autorin verdeutlicht, dass die Betrachtung des relationalen Zustandekommens von Übergangssituationen eine Dekonstruktion von institutionell gerahmten Übergängen in der Migrationsgesellschaft ermöglicht und es erlaubt, die damit verbundenen Wissens- und Machtzusammenhänge reflexiv zu hinterfragen.