bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN MELALUI PERMAINAN PENCAMPURAN WARNA DENGAN PERCOBAAN SAINS SEDERHANA DI TK ISLAM SILMI SAMARINDA
Authors: Fajriani Kartika , Liana Heppy
Published: December 2020

Kemampuan kognitif diperlukan oleh anak dalam rangka mengembangkan pengetahuan tentang apa yang anak dengar, rasa, raba ataupun ia cium panca indera yang ia miliki.. Dalam pembelajaran kognitif khususnya pembelajaran sains masih banyak kendala yang terjadi di lapangan, salah satunya adalah kurangnya kreativitas guru dalam membuat media pembelajaran terutama dalam mengenalkan warna pada anak pada anak. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini dapat di rumuskan sebagai berikut : Bagaimanakah meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak melalui kegiatan eksperimen pencampuran warnaÂ  pada Â usia 5-6 tahun TK Islam Silmi ? b) Apakah kegiatan mencampur warna dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak usia 5-6 tahun TK Islam Silmi ? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak melalui pencampuran warna dengan kegiatan percobaan sains sederhana pada usia 5-6 tahun TK Islam Silmi. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan penelitian dilakukan dengan berpedoman pada beberapa aspek atau indikator yang meliputi: Anak mampu melakukan percobaan mencampur warna, anak mampu mencampur dengan kesesuaian warna, anak mampu menceritakan hasil percobaa sains sederhana. Setelah dilaksanakan penelitian yang berjalan selama dua siklus, terbukti bahwa ternyata ada perubahan setelah dilakukan tindakan atau setelah diterapkan metode yang sesuai saat bermain mencampur warna. Berikut ini adalah penjelasan peningkatan hasil belajar pada siklus I dan siklus II, pada siklus I dengan rata-rata nilai persentase ketuntasan rata-rata mencapai 50%, pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan dengan rata-rata nilai persentase ketuntasan mencapai 90%. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini adalah pencampuran warna dengan percobaa sains sederhana dapat meningkatkkan perkembangan kognitif di bidang sains pada anak usia 5-6 tahun TK Islam Silmi di Samarinda Utara.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA SISWA KELAS II MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK TALK WRITE DI SDN 007 SUNGAI PINANG SAMARINDA
Authors: Mulyati Sri
Published: December 2020

The research aimed at finding out speaking ability of second grade elementary students by using Think Talk Write learning model. The data retrieval was carried out for four days. The problem was lack of teachersâ€™ innovation in improving studentsâ€™ speaking ability so the researcher decided to carry out this model. The research method was descriptive qualitative. Primary data was taken from this research result and secondary data was taken from published journals. Data analysis techniques were triangulation and data reduction from interview, observations, studentsâ€™ activities, and studentsâ€™ presentation results. The result of this study showed that on the first day of observation the students were still in low category, while on the second day to the fourth day, 25 students were in fast category and only 2 students were in medium category. Based on this result, it can be concluded that Think Talk Write learning model can improve speaking ability of second grade elementary students.Â
DEVELOPMENT OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION PROFESSION IN THE EDUCATION SERVICE OF KUTAI BARAT REGENCY
Authors: Saputro Yuwono Catur , Subagiyo Lambang , Komariyah Laili
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the development of the profession of junior high school educators in the KutaiÂ BaratÂ District Education Office which includes (1) planning the development process, (2) implementation of the development process and (3) development results.The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative which aims to produce data with a descriptive qualitative analysis that describes the state of the professional development of junior high school educators in the West Kutai District Education Office. Data collection in this study was done by participant observation or participant observation, documentation and interviews.Â Â The results showed that the development of the profession of junior high school educators in the West Kutai District Education Office at the planning stage had considered management elements with indicators of man, money, materials, machines, methods, marketing, and minutes. At the implementation stage of the development of the profession of junior high school educators in the West Kutai District Education Office also considers management elements with indicators of man, money, material, machines, methods, marketing, and minutes, in the form of socialization, training, in house training, workshoap and MGMP . And at the evaluation stage the results of the development of the profession of junior high school educators in the West Kutai District Education Office showed that of 320junior high school educators as many as 95 people or 29.69% Group IVa and 13 people or 4.06% achieved Group IVb. Recommendations need to be held specifically for Classroom Action Research.
GAMBARAN KECEMASAN EVALUATIF PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Angellim Chaterine , Satiadarma Monty P. , Subroto Untung
Published: December 2020

Test anxiety is a set of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological responses which are followed by concerns about the possible negative outcomes of failure on the test or similar evaluative conditions. Excessive degree of test anxiety can result in negative impacts including poor school performance, poor examination performance, mental distress, cognitive impairment, and poor health. This study was aimed to find out test anxiety level experience by college students. This study uses quantitative approach with 207 students from one of private univerity in Jakarta. Data was collected using the Test Anxiety Inventory. The results showed that from 207 participants, there were 119 (57%) students with low test anxiety levels, 85 (41%) students with moderate test anxiety levels, 3 (1%) students with high test anxiety levels.Test anxiety atau kecemasan evaluatif adalah kumpulan dari respon perilaku, kognitif, dan fisiologis yang disertai dengan kehawatiran akan kemungkinan konsekuensi negatif dari kegagalan pada tes atau situasi evaluatisf yang serupa. Kecemasan evaluatif yang tinggi dapat berdampak negatif bagi penyandangnya seperti misalnya prestasi sekolah yang rendah, performa tes yang buruk, gangguan kognitif, kesehatan yang buruk dan tekanan psikologis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kecemasan evaluatif pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif pada 207 mahasiswa universitas swasta X di Jakarta. Pengukuran kecemasan evaluatif menggunakan Test Anxiety Inventory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 207 partisipan, terdapat 119 (57%)  mahasiswa dengan tingkat kecemasan evaluatif rendah, 85 (41%) mahasiswa dengan tingkat kecemasan evaluatif sedang, 3 (1%) mahasiswa dengan tingkat kecemasan evaluatif tinggi
PERAN KETIDAKNYAMANAN KERJA TERHADAP INTENSI PINDAH KERJA
Authors: Fitta Ranisya , Dewi Fransisca I. R. , Idulfilastri Rita Markus
Published: December 2020

PT X is a startup company engaged in financial technology, experiencing an increased in the number of turnover. Turnover has a negative impact on the company. Company will lack human resources and need time recruiting and training new employees. Turnover intention is an accurate predictor of the number of turnover. An organization can’t eliminate the intention of employee turnover, but can reduce the level of intention. One of the factor that cause frequent employee desires to leave the company are employee insecurities at job. T test results of this study indicate that the standard value of the coefficient job insecurity is 0.189 with a significance level of 0,000. Based on the results can be concluded that job insecurity has a significant and positive effect of turnover intention. PT. X adalah perusahaan rintisan yang bergerak di bidang financial technology, mengalami peningkatan angka pindah kerja. Pindah kerja memberikan dampak yang negatif bagi perusahaan. Perusahaan akan kekurangan sumber daya manusia dan membutuhkan waktu untuk merekrut serta melatih karyawan baru. Intensi pindah kerja adalah peramal yang akurat terhadap angka pindah kerja. Suatu organisasi tidak dapat menghilangkan intensi pindah kerja karyawan, namun dapat mengurangi tingkat intensi tersebut. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan sering terjadinya keinginan karyawan untuk keluar dari perusahaan tempat bekerja adalah perasaan tidak nyaman karyawan pada pekerjaannya. Hasil Uji T pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai standar koefisien yang diperoleh pada ketidakamanan kerja sebesar 0.189 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0.000. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketidaknyamanan kerja berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap intensi pindah kerja.
Expressions of climatic change in Slovak Republic
Authors: Marková Iveta , Monoši Mikuláš
Published: December 2020

The development of climate change is evaluated on the basis of trends in a long-term time series (1951–2018) of individual climatic elements by comparing values from individual years with the normal period in climatology of 1961–1990. The aim of the article is to present the manifestations of climate change in Slovakia (since its inception) according to selected indicators: (1) average annual air temperature, (2) soil temperature, (3) total atmospheric precipitation and (4) drought index over the last decade. The data presented in the article were obtained from public reports on the state of the environment in the Slovakia and other related documents. Slovakia, during the years 1881–2018, underwent significant changes in all monitored climatic elements. The most significant changes were in 2017 and 2018.
Prevention and care of diabetic foot syndrome – an assessment of respondents’ competence
Authors: Sroka Grażyna
Published: December 2020

W roku 2015 przeprowadzono badania wśród 86 klientów losowo wybranego gabinetu kosmetycznego w Krakowie (Południowa Polska). Celem pracy była ocena wiedzy respondentów na temat pielęgnacji i profilaktyki stopy cukrzycowej. Dodatkowym celem było wskazanie roli podologa w profilaktyce chorób stóp. Grupę badawczą stanowiło 36 kobiet oraz 26 mężczyzn powyżej siedemdziesięciu lat, 19 kobiet i 14 mężczyzn w przedziale wiekowym od 51–70 lat i 6 kobiet 3 mężczyzn w przedziale wiekowym od 30–50 lat. Przeprowadzona ankieta była anonimowa i składa się z 35 pytań. Dotyczyła wiedzy na temat pielęgnacji stóp: ich sposobu mycia, nawilżania, masowania, obcinania paznokci, usuwania nawarstwionego naskórka, używanego obuwia, a także świadomości kontroli podstawowych parametrów, ważnych w profilaktyce cukrzycy. Badania pokazały, iż respondenci podczas pielęgnacji stóp popełniają podstawowe błędy, których można byłoby uniknąć w przypadku kontaktu z podologiem. Najbardziej zainteresowaną grupą w samodzielnej pielęgnacji stóp okazali się chorzy z przedziału 51–70 lat, który mieli stosunkowo największą wiedzę na ten temat. Ankieta pokazała, że rola podologa polega na uświadomieniu i wdrożeniu u pacjenta prostych zaleceń, które uchronią go przed powikłaniami oraz nauczą właściwej pielęgnacji kończyn dolnych w zespole stopy cukrzycowej.
Baltic macroalgae as a potential source for commercial applications – review
Authors: Śliwińska-Wilczewska Sylwia , Budzałek Gracjana , Kowalska Zuzanna , Klin Marek , Latała Adam
Published: December 2020

Morze Bałtyckie jest wyjątkowym ekosystemem wodnym, charakteryzującym się wyraźnymi zmianami w środowisku, szczególnie w odniesieniu do zasolenia i klimatu. Jest to także miejsce występowania morskich i słodkowodnych organizmów roślinnych, które od stuleci fascynują naukowców. Niewiele jest jednak prac prezentujących bałtyckie glony makroskopowe, jako potencjalne źródło dla zastosowań komercyjnych. Celem niniejszego opracowania było przedstawienie bałtyckich makroglonów, jako źródła zasobów przemysłowych. W przeglądzie uwzględniono, m.in. potencjał wykorzystania tych organizmów w przemyśle kosmetycznym i medycznym, w tym najważniejsze składniki, które czynią je cennym produktem spożywczym. Zwrócono także uwagę na ich rosnącą popularność i potencjalne wykorzystanie w przyszłości, np. jako biopaliwa, nawozy naturalne lub składniki oczyszczalni ścieków. Przedstawiono także możliwość wykorzystania makroglonów jako biologicznego czynnika, ograniczającego występowanie masowych zakwitów sinic w Morzu Bałtyckim.
Allelopathic effect of goosefoot on germination and early stage growth of triticale and radish
Authors: Lipniak Katarzyna , Kliszcz Angelika
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts from Chenopodium album L. on germination and early stages of triticale grains (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A.Camus) and radish seeds (Raphanus sativus L.). Germination indexes, fresh and dry mass, water content and electrolyte leakage were measured. Studies revealed the different germination capacity of triticale grains and radish seeds, where increased concentrations of allelopathins in aqueous C. album extracts significantly inhibited seedling growth for both species. The extracts had an inhibitory effect on the growth of seedling fresh mass. An increase in dry mass of radish seedlings was demonstrated for each of the extracts and, for triticale seedlings, only at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.5%. Water content in triticale and radish seedlings varied depending on the concentration of allelopathins in the extract. With increasing concentrations of C. album extract, regardless of seedling type, a statistically significant increase in electrolyte leakage was observed.
Hydrocarbons and degassing processes of Saturn’s satellite Titan
Authors: Malysheva L. K. , Malyshev A. I.
Published: December 2020

Research subject and methods. The paper presents a review of available information on the atmosphere of Titan and its surface, necessary for the development of concepts of hydrocarbon formation, including the natural hydrocarbon synthesis, formation of prebiogenic states and origin of life. The presence of vast reserves of abiogenic hydrocarbons on Titan is extremely important for the theory of hydrocarbon genesis on the Earth, since any concept of naphthogenesis claiming to be a consistent explanation of the entire set of available facts must take into account the possibility of abiogenic formation of large accumulations of hydrocarbons.

Results. It was shown that the hydrocarbon diversity of the atmosphere and surface of Titan is provided by the inflow of endogenous methane. Degassing processes on Titan are characterized by specific forms due to their flow through a liquid medium: 1) “gas-lifting degassing” forming numerous small depressions with increased fluid levels and, possibly, being the cause of “magic islands” in the sea of Ligeia; 2) limnological emissions of gaseous methane, followed by intensive cloud formation, the development of methane storms and large amounts of precipitation.

Conclusions. It is concluded that the presence of active degassing processes on Titan in combination with the emerging models of its internal structure contribute to clarifying the previously proposed scheme of primary natural hydrocarbon synthesis in the depths of Titan.
GLOBAL RESEARCH TRENDS ON VAGINISMUS AND FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN 1980-2019: A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: YILDIRIM Engin , DERİCİ Mehmet Kürşat , TÜRKLER Can
Published: December 2020

Objective: Physiological and psychological conditions can cause female sexual dysfunction (FSD). It is called vaginismus when sexual dysfunction occurs with vaginal cramps and spasms. The aim of our research is to present the research topics and trends about FSD and vaginismus to the reader in a global contextMaterial and Methods: We used the terms ‘female sexual dysfunction’ and ‘vaginismus’ as keywords and we determined the articles indexed in the Web of Science database. We included all the articles in the database between 1980 and 2019. Documents of 2020 were excluded from this study. Gunnmap free open web-based application was used to visualize global research productivity. Vos-viewer 2019 program was used to determine the scientific relevance of the data.Results: We reached 2212 documents in total, 95.6 % of these articles were written in English, and 64.4% of the documents were original articles. Articles about vaginismus and FSD increased in the 1995s, the most productive year was 2019. The most productive country in genital cosmetics and aesthetics was the United States (USA), the most productive university was The University of British Columbia. The most productive writer was Goldstein I.Conclusion: Studies on vaginismus and FSD have increased over the past decade, and and non-invasive psychiatric interventions appear to be popular. Our analysis is an identity provider for articles covering vaginismus and FSD.
UNA BÚSQUEDA EXPERIMENTAL BASADA EN LA CREACIÓN ATÍSTICA INTERMEDIA PARA EL CONOCIMIENTO Y EXPRESIÓN PERSONAL.
Authors: BARRIOS MUDARRA MARÍA PAZ
Published: December 2020

The present project intends to be a research based on intermediate creation practices with the intention of approaching a work of experimentation and artistic creation as a process and result of the investigation. The research is organized in a series of phases that correspond to the path that I am experiencing at each moment of life, in this way; I present round trip journeys as a creative process from the constant search for ways of doing and experimenting through the different formats. In this way, I find in the artistic process the right method for research to make sense, a source of resources for understanding oneself being understood from the confluence of lived experiences. Therefore, the very creative process becomes a result with the encounter of the paths that I trace along the investigation as a form of knowledge and personal expression.
Approximate Treatment for The MHD Peristaltic Transport of Jeffrey Fluid in Inclined Tapered Asymmetric Channel with Effects of Heat Transfer and Porous Medium
Authors: Salman Mohammed R. , Ali Hayat A.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we discuss a fluid problem that has wide applications in biomechanics, polymer industries, and biofluids. We are concerned here with studying the combined effects of porous medium and heat transfer on MHD non-Newtonian Jeffery fluid which flows through a two dimensional asymmetric, inclined tapered channel. Base equations, represented by mass conservation, motion, energy and concentration conservation, were formulated first in a fixed frame and then transformed into a moving frame. By holding the assumptions of â€œlong wavelength and low Reynolds numberâ€ these physical equations were simplified into differential equations. Approximate solutions for the velocity profile, stream function, and temperature profile were obtained using homotopy perturbation method. Finally, the graphical expressions and analysis for velocity curve, temperature distribution, heat transfer coefficient, and stream function, via the effects of important parameters that appear in the solution form, were given and examined. These results show a parabolic behavior for velocity distribution curve, the maximum value of which appears in the central part of the channel and reduces toward the lower and upper walls, due the impact of porosity parameter . While a decreasing behavior was observed via the effect of increasing Hartman number  )because of the existence of Lorentz force). Furthermore, the plots showed an increased function for Jeffrey fluid parameter  on the magnitude of the trapped bolus.
Hybrid vs Ensemble Classification Models for Phishing Websites
Authors: Folorunso Sakinat Oluwabukonla , Ayo Femi Emmanuel , Abdullah Khadijah-Kuburah Adebisi , Ogunyinka Peter Ibikunle
Published: December 2020

Phishing is an internet crime achieved by imitating a legitimate website of a host in order to steal confidential information. Many researchers have developed phishing classification models that are limited in real-time and computational efficiency.  This paper presents an ensemble learning model composed of DTree and NBayes, by STACKING method, with DTree as base learner. The aim is to combine the advantages of simplicity and effectiveness of DTree with the lower complexity time of NBayes. The models were integrated and appraised independently for data training and the probabilities of each class were averaged by their accuracy on the trained data through testing process. The present results of the empirical study on phishing website dataset suggest that the ensemble model significantly outperformed the hybrid model in terms of the measures used. Finally, DTree and STACKING methods showed superior performances compared to the other models.
Expansion Velocities of Elementary Gas in Comet Panstarrs Above 30000 Km from Nucleus
Authors: Khalaf Salman Z. , Abrahim Khaleel
Published: December 2020

The coma gasses consist of molecules liberated from the nucleus by solar heating and relative sublimation. Once they have left the nucleus, these molecules in the coma are exposed to direct solar radiation and can be damaged in various ways due to the combined action of these reactions.

   One of some complex problems facing the research in this field is that the Maxwell-Boltzmann equation gives distribution function for one kind of particles which have same masses, but the gas has multi-groups of particles (Carbon, Neon, Sodium â€¦ etc.), where all these components must be in one program to extract average velocity of all and calculate particles velocity to each band. This problem is solved here by Matlab program and the approach demonstrated good results. The study included extracting some elements of comet PanSTARRS by using X-ray spectrum with the calculation of elementsâ€™ abundances in respect to Carbon and obtaining particlesâ€™ velocity distribution to calculate most of the particles in the intervals of velocities.

  The study shows some physical relationships of cometary heavy elements, which are larger in mass than Carbon and have roughly less abundance in the cometary gases. Using X-ray spectrum, 23 elements of comet PanSTARRS C/2011 S4 were obtained. Carbon showed the highest abundance, followed by Gold.  Apparent abundance of all elements were extracted in respect to Carbon, which was correlated with the distribution function of Maxwell-Boltzmann to calculate element velocities and the bands of most particlesâ€™ velocities.

   Gas temperature was found to be equal to 1412 k. From this value, the velocity of each particle was obtained, as shown in the figures, where the velocity range of most particles (about 21% of total particles) was ~ 400-600 m s-1, whereas extending the band  to 200-800 m s-1 showed that the abundance includes  54% of particles.

   An H2O curve peak was found at velocity of 1142 m s-1, while the highest value was ~ 1389 m s-1  for Carbon (relatively light element) and the lowest value was about 340 m s-1 for Gold  particles (relatively heavy element).
La novela de la Revolución y la novela de la disidencia en la literatura cubana de los años 70.
Authors: Chacon Aida
Published: December 2020

Resumen. El presente artículo es la segunda parte de una aproximación a la literatura de la disidencia en Cuba en los años 70. En esta ocasión se presentan algunos análisis breves de tres novelas que fueron consideradas para el corpus por la polémica que giró entorno a sus autores, pero también porque sus temas han sido poco explorados. A modo de análisis, estas novelas son las menos conocidas de la producción literaria de cada autor. “Arturo, la estrella más brillante” (1971), de Arenas; “Vista del amanecer en el trópico” (1974), de Cabrera Infante y “En mi jardín pastan los héroes” (1981), de Heberto Padilla. Como conclusión, es este trabajo expone la literatura disidente de una década que culmina con el éxodo del Mariel.
Imaginario, identidades y relaciones sociales en una banda de música: un estudio de caso
Authors: Marcos Botelho
Published: December 2020

Resumen. La investigación se desarrolla  en los estudios sobre imaginario, identidades y relaciones sociales vinculadas a las expresiones artísticas. El artículo tiene como objetivo comprender las relaciones imaginarias y sociales de las banda de música de Rio de Janeiro (Brasil) más allá de sus interpretaciones y repertorio, a través de un caso de estudio: la Sociedade Musical Beneficente Euterpe Friburguense. Para el logro del objetivo, metodológicamente, se desarrolló una búsqueda de referencias cruzadas de información en bases de datos construidas previamente: correspondencia y archivos de noticias de periódicos locales, listado de la colección de partituras y catorce entrevistas. Así, verificamos que el pasado de la banda tiene gran importancia en la elaboración de su imaginario, en tanto entrelaza sentimientos de identidad y familia. Las relaciones sociales y sus cambios se manifiestan en la exaltación de su importancia para la ciudad y en la rivalidad con la Sociedade Musical Beneficente Campesina Friburguense
Reconnaissance Stream Sediments Survey in the Sidakan Vicinity, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Abdulhaq Hawkar , Aziz Baroz , Sissakian Varoujan , Omer Hassan , Malik Anyrag
Published: December 2020

A stream survey was conducted in the Sidakan vicinity in the northeastern part of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, which covered the catchment area of the main stream. The covered area is about 450 km2. The exposed rocks in the study area are mainly igneous with subordinate sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The catchment area was divided into 14 sub-basins using Global Mapper software. The junction point of the valleys at the end of each sub-basin was sampled. From each junction point, 2 stream sediments were collected. The samples were sieved using the wet method into 2 mm fractions, before the fractions were subjected to x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results obtained from both tests were used to calculate the concentrations of 9 elements (Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, U, Ag, V, Zn, and Cd). The element concentrations are presented in 9 concentration maps after normalizing the concentration values. Some anomalous results were found. The average concentrations of Ag and Cd were nearly 120 and 266 times higher than the background concentrations (6 mg/kg and 16 mg/ kg, respectively). The acquired data also showed interesting average concentrations for the elements Co, Cr, Ni, and U (280 mg/kg, 999 mg/kg, 375 mg/kg, and 12 mg/kg, respectively). All of these anomalous concentrations are discussed and possible reasons for their existence are given.
Modeling Features of a Single Phase-to-Earth Fault in a Medium Voltage Overhead Transmission Line
Authors: Saeed Ismael , Sheikhyounis Kamal
Published: December 2020

The modeling and calculation of a single phase-to-earth fault of 6 to 35 kV have specific features when compared with circuits with higher nominal voltages. In this paper, a mathematical analysis and modeling of a 3-phase overhead transmission line with distributed parameters consisting of several nominal T-shaped, 3-phase links with concentrated parameters replaced by 1 nominal T-shaped link were carried out. Further analysis showed that not accounting for the distributed nature of the line parameters did not cause significant errors in the assessment of the maximum overvoltage in the arc suppression in single phase-to-earth faults, and that sufficient accuracy insures the representation of the line by only 1 nominal T-shaped, 3-phase link. Such a modeling technique makes it impossible to identify the location of single-phase faults, which is the property of higher harmonic amplification of individual frequencies. Chain equivalent schemas with constant parameters are valid for a single frequency, thereby providing an opportunity to study the nature of the wave process by the discrete selection of parameters. Next in the mathematical representation, we consider the overhead transmission lines as lines with distributed parameters.
10 kW Grid-Connected PV System Cost and Environmental Analysis for Government Offices: Darbandikhan Technical Institute as a Case Study
Authors: Ali Kameran , Hameed Dana , Qadir Salar
Published: December 2020

The Iraqi Kurdistan region has significant potential for implementing solar energy with an average annual rate of 5.245 kWh/m2. However, most of its energy supply currently comes from nonrenewable energy sources. With the continually increasing demand for energy, an alternative energy-generation technique is required. Among the various renewable energy resources, generating electricity directly from sunlight is the best option because it can be applied by the average household and is environmentally friendly. In this study, a cost and environmental analysis for a 10 kW grid-connected photovoltaic system is presented for a government building with the aim of reducing the load demand on the grid during weekdays and also to inject the generated power into the power grid during weekends. A simulation of the proposed PV system was generated by using Photovoltaic Geographic Information System software to estimate the system’s production performance. The software showed that the highest energy production was 1,660 kWh, which occurred in August; the total electricity production was 16,184 kWh over a 1-year period. The study also showed that the geographical location of Darbandikhan City is quite sufficient for generating electric power from solar energy. It further showed that it can reduce CO2 emissions by 356.60 tons during its lifetime when compared with a gasoline generator and by 131.38 tons when compared with that of a natural gas generator. The proposed system could serve as a good revenue source for the government by exporting the generated electricity to the grid while at the same time serving as motivation for households in the region; furthermore, this system can also be applied to other governmental offices in Kurdistan to generate some or all of its energy needs.
Comparative Study on Hydrocarbon Generation in Different Tectonic Zones: A Case Study from the Upper Jurassic Naokelekan Formation at the Imbricated and High Folded Zones, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Faqi Ayad
Published: December 2020

The impact of tectonic activities from different tectonic zones on hydrocarbon generation in the Upper Jurassic Naokelekan Formation was addressed in this study. The Upper Jurassic Naokelekan Formation is an important potential of source rocks for hydrocarbon generation that charges most of the Cretaceous and younger reservoirs in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. A total of 5 rock specimens from the Warte outcrop and 7 cutting samples from Well Bina Bawi-1 were collected for Rock-Eval pyrolysis to investigate the relationship between the ability of the formation to generate hydrocarbons and tectonic activities. The results of Rock-Eval analysis on the analyzed samples showed an average of 2.65 wt% and 0.9 wt% total organic carbon (TOC) for Warte and Well Bina Bawi-1, respectively. Based on the TOC data, the Naokelekan Formation, in general, has a good to very good source rock potential. The qualitative properties of the organic matter (OM) of the formation were inferred from the kerogen types. The Warte section mostly contains type III kerogen that is gas prone, whereas the Well Bina Bawi-1 section contains mixed type I-II kerogen that is oil prone. It should be taken into consideration that the values for the hydrogen index (HI) of the Warte section are unreliable for interpretation of the organic type, because the HI is considerably reduced owing to the high level of thermal maturity. The Tmax values showed that the Warte section is thermally more mature than the Well Bina Bawi-1 section. The difference in the thermal maturity can likely be attributed to the differential effects of the tectonic activities on the studied areas. Depending on the proximity or distance of the area in relation to the subduction zone, the sediments in the Imbricated Zone were more affected by the tectonic activities than the sediments in the High Folded Zone. Accordingly, the main factors that might have caused a higher thermal maturity in the Imbricated Zone include a high paleo heat flow, overthrusting, and hydrothermal activities.
Alterations in the Serum Trace Element Levels in Women Infected with Chlamydia Trachomatis
Authors: Barany Qais , Qader Marwan , Mohamed Ashti
Published: December 2020

Most infectious diseases are accompanied by changes in the levels of several trace elements in the blood. A total of 88 female patients referred to the Nawroz Private Laboratory in the Duhok province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, were enrolled in this study. The enrolled patients were sent to the laboratory for investigation of their hormone levels because they were suffering from various gynecologic abnormalities. The serum levels of anti-chlamydia immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, and the serum trace element levels were evaluated by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

The results showed that 10 (11.4 %) of the samples tested positive for the presence of anti-chlamydia IgG antibodies, whereas none of the samples tested positive for anti-chlamydia IgM antibodies. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the serum potassium levels was observed in response to the chlamydia infection, whereas no signiﬁcant changes were observed in any of the other elements.
The Role of Elementary Dimensions in the Creation of the Source of Elementary Particles
Authors: Sirdy Shivan
Published: December 2020

It is agreed that before the creation of particles, space was completely devoid of matter and radiation. In this study, we assume that the absolute void comprises 4 dimensions, namely 3 spatial dimensions and a force equivalent representing the factor of change among the elementary dimensions. Our hypothesis is based on the expansion of the spatial dimensions and the subsequent space instability. We demonstrated that when the equivalent outward force strength exceeds a critical limit, it collapses inwardly to restore the equilibrium of the system. Subsequently, the void inside the collapsed force equivalent acts as a void in a confined system, and the energy of the system remains conserved at all stages. With the decrease in the spatial dimensions owing to the collapse, the energy density increases, and at the final stage, the energy in the confined system becomes concentrated, thereby forming a solid state of energy. In this solid state of energy, a particle becomes the source of the elementary particles. The created high-energy sources are controlled by the internal and external forces of the source and all the entities in its external force field until equilibrium is reached. This article gives a summary of the Big Bang theory and its problems, which are further discussed in detail. This article will help in understanding how elementary dimensions play a role in the formation of elementary particles. Quark-gluon plasma, inflation, gravitational collapse, and gravitational lensing provide evidence that supports the elementary dimensions theory presented in this paper.
Determining the Tectonic Origin of the Gara and Mateen Anticlines Using Geomorphological and Structural Forms, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Sissakian Varoujan , Ghafur Ala , Abdulhaq Hawkar , Omer Hassan
Published: December 2020

Gara and Mateen are 2 major anticlines in the northern part of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, located in the vicinity of the town Amadiyah. Both anticlines are oriented in an almost east–west (E–W) trend with a steep southern limb. The length and width of the Gara and Mateen anticlines are 87 km and 63 km, and 11 km and 9.5 km, respectively. The 2 anticlines are separated by a wide and shallow syncline filled by the Tertiary rocks of the Pliocene–Pleistocene age. The oldest exposed rocks in the Gara and Mateen anticlines are from the Triassic age. The carapace of both anticlines is built up by the Bekhme and Qamchuqa formations. The geomorphological and structural features were studied through satellite images and geological maps. Based on these studies, it was found that both anticlines show clear geomorphological and structural features that indicate their lateral growth. Among those features are water and wind gaps, different shapes of valleys that indicate lateral growth, abandoned alluvial fans, whale-back shapes, en-echelon plunges, and multiple dome anticlines. Furthermore, the rate of upward movements was calculated using neotectonic data. In addition, the rate of river and stream incisions was calculated on the basis of the height of the river terrace levels.
Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction Among Nurses
Authors: Jameel Alaa S. , Hamdi Sameer S. , Karem Mohammed A. , Ahmad Abd R.
Published: December 2020

Organizations should enhance justice in the workplace to increase the satisfaction among employees. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of organizational justice on job satisfaction among nurses. The study cohort was composed of nurses from 2 public hospitals. A stratified sampling technique was employed to ensure better representation of samples from the 2 hospitals. A total of 184 valid questionnaires from 2 public hospitals were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results showed that the 3 dimensions of organizational justice, namely distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice, have a positive and significant impact on the nurses' job satisfaction. Distributive justice showed a greater impact on job satisfaction than procedural justice and interactional justice. The supervisors and administrators should be provided with information on how improvement in organizational justice leads to job satisfaction and on-the-job facilitation of employee innovation. The results of this study provide a clear image for hospital administrations about the substantial role of justice in the workplace.
Teachers' Perceptions on Adaptation of Sunrise Coursebook at Sulaymaniyah Governorate in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Saeed Kochar A.
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine if teachers employ any adaptations during their classes, and if so, what kind of adaptations are employed and how these are employed. This study sought to determine if adaptations are employed in correct and authentic ways.For this study, a qualitative method was used. The tool used in this study was a semi-structured interview. The questions of the semi-structured interview were adapted from Nguyen (2015). The study cohort was made up of teachers who were using or had used the Sunrise course books (levels 7, 8, and 9) in their teaching in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). The findings of this study showed that all the teachers employ adaptations in the classroom but to different degrees; some of them use only 1 or 2 types of adaptations because of the limited time they have available in their classes, whereas others apply most of the types of adaptations. Finally, the results showed that there is a positive relationship between experience and adaptation, with those teachers who had more experience employing more methods of adaptations during their classes.
Fraud Risk Factors that Affect the Audit Program Plan: The Case of Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Alssabagh Samer H.
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to identify the most frequent fraud risk factors that affect the nature, timing, and extent of planned audit procedures. The perceptions of both international and local external auditors in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq, were investigated. In general, it was found that the respondents were more interested in assessing fraud risk factors related to misappropriation of assets (84.61%) compared with those related to fraudulent financial reporting (75.43%). Stepwise regression analysis indicates a positive and significant effect of each fraud risk factor related to fraudulent financial reporting that resulted from incentives or pressures and attitudes or rationalization, and the fraud risk factors related to the misappropriation of assets that resulted from attitudes or rationalization on the nature, timing, and extent of the planned audit procedures. However, other fraud risk factors in the study model did not show a significant effect on the audit program plan. The findings of this paper contribute to the existing literature in the area of fraud risk assessment and its effect on planning audit programs in eastern developing countries such as the Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
An unusual new genus of spider beetle (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) from a guano island of Peru
Authors: WHORRALL Kyle A. , Philips T. Keith
Published: December 2020

A new genus and species of spider beetle from Peru is described. One specimen is known to have come from South Chincha Island, while others were intercepted in a guano shipment in Texas, USA. Unusual characters of this genus include a small cavity laterally on each side of the metepisternum and very broad spacing between the antennae. The potential biology and evolutionary relationships of this genus are briefly discussed
A record of cannibalism in Ceriagrion coromandelianum Fabricius (Zygoptera: Coengrionidae)
Authors: Payra Arajush
Published: December 2020

During winter season on January 12th, 2014, a case of cannibalism in Ceriagrion coromandelianum Fabricius was observed near Bara Solemanpur, village of Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. This is the first instance of cannibalism recorded in C. coromandelianum, where a female devours its conspecific male
First record of Macrocheles subbadius (Berlese) (Acari: Macrochelidae) in Argentina, associated with the cactophilic fly Drosophila koepferae Fontdevila & Wasserman (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Porta Andrés O. , Soto Ignacio M. , Soto Eduardo M. , Saint Esteven Alejandro
Published: December 2020

The mite Macrocheles subbadius (Berlese) (Acari: Macrochelidae) is recorded for the first time in Argentina, associated to the cactophilic fly Drosophila koepferae Fontdevila & Wasserman (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from San Agustín de Valle Fértil, province of San Juan
Bruck-Reilly extension of a ternary monoid
Authors: OĞUZ ÜNAL Seda
Published: December 2020

In this study, Bruck-Reilly extension of a ternary monoid is defined. Additionally, some results about this construction are given which belongs to one of the classes of ternary semigroups; regular, inverse, orthodox and strongly regular.
Matematik uygulamaları dersine dair matematik öğretmenlerinin görüşleri
Authors: ÖDEN İbrahim Murat , YILDIZ İKİKARDEŞ Nazlı
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma ile ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin 2012 yılından itibaren öğretim programında seçmeli olarak bulunan matematik uygulamaları dersine (5.,6.,7. ve 8.sınıf düzeylerinde) dair fikirlerinin belirlenmesi, karşılaştıkları problemlerin ortaya çıkarılması ve çözüm önerilerinin alınması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, nitel ve nicel yöntemlerin birlikte yer aldığı karma şekilde desenlenmiştir. Araştırma, 2016-2017 bahar yarıyılında Balıkesir Altıeylül ve Karesi ilçelerindeki yedi farklı ortaokulda görev yapan 77 matematik öğretmeni ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın başlangıcında öğretmenlere “Matematik Uygulamaları Dersine Dair Öğretmen Görüşleri” anketi uygulanmıştır. Veriler toplandıktan sonra SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) kullanılarak analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonraki aşamasında, dersin işlenişindeki aksaklıkları ve bunlara öğretmenlerin sunduğu çözümleri belirlemek gayesiyle matematik öğretmenleriyle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler, 77 öğretmenin içinden gelişigüzel seçilen yedi öğretmen ile yapılmıştır. Beş sorudan oluşan görüşme formu araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış olup geçerliği ve güvenirliği uzman görüşü ile sağlanmıştır. Görüşmeler sonucu ele geçen bilgiler, içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda öğretmenler matematik uygulamaları dersinin faydalı ve gerekli olduğunu belirtilmişlerdir. Başkaca dersin işlenişinde karşılaşılan sorunlar ortaya çıkarılmış, bunlara çare olabilecek tavsiyeler verilmiştir.
ВПЛИВ ПЕРЕДПОСІВНОЇ ОБРОБКИ НАСІННЯ МЕТАБОЛІЧНО АКТИВНИМИ РЕЧОВИНАМИ НА ОКРЕМІ ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ СОЇ СОРТУ АННУШКА ТА ЇЇ ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ
Authors: Koziuchko A. G. , Havii V. M. , Kuchmenko O. B.
Published: December 2020

Soy is an important food, feed and technical crop of agriculture in many countries across the world. It differs from other agricultural crops by its unique combination of protein and oil with valuable vitamins and elements. Without the use of fertilizers, it is impossible to get a large soybean crop. Among the main factors that influence the yield of this crop, fertilizers account for 30%, varieties -20%, weather conditions and plant protection - 15%, effective fertility and soil treatment - 10%. Therefore, the study of the effect of a combination of metabolically active substances (complexes of vitamin E and ubiquinone-10; vitamin E, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid (PHBE) and methionine; vitamin E, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid (PHBE), methionine and magnesium sulfate on individual physiological parameters of soy in the main phases of ontogenesis and its performance is worthy of scientific attention.
The research demonstrated that in the phase of formation of the triple leaf, the studied substances effectively stimulated the length of the main stem, the number of leaves and the area of the leaf surface.
In the flowering phase, complexes of vitamin E and ubiquinone-10, and vitamin E, PHBE, methionine and magnesium sulfate increased the number of lateral roots by 132.2% and 114.3%, respectively. In addition, the studied metabolically active substances positively affected the length of the stem, number of leaves, leaf area and length of lateral roots.
In the maturation phase, the complex of vitamin E and ubiquinone-10 effectively stimulated the height of plants, the number of beans per plant, exceeding the control parameters by 15.5%, 14.2%, respectively. In addition, the studied substances affected the number of seeds per soybean plant. So, in the control group, the number of seeds from one plant averaged 140.7 units. The best results were obtained using the combination of vitamin E, PHBE, methionine and magnesium sulfate and amounted to 154.4 units, which exceeded the control indices by 9.7%. While the number of seeds from one plant after treatment with a combination of vitamin E and ubiquinone-10 amounted to 148.3 units, which exceeded the control indicators by 5.4%.
The highest soybean yield was observed during seed treatment with a combination of vitamin E and ubiquinone-10, and amounted to 2.37 t / ha, exceeding the control indicators by 26.3%. Seed treatment with complex of vitamin E, PHBE, methionine and magnesium sulfate also showed a good result, exceeding the control indicators by 10.2%.
Thus, the complexes of vitamin E and ubiquinone-10, and vitamin E, PHBE, methionine and magnesium sulfate showed better results, so further study of the effect of these substances on legumes is promising.