bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wnt/ β-catenin and CTNNB1 gene mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma, a case study in Egyptian patients
Authors: Abdelsalam Ramy A. , El-Shawaf Ibrahim M. , Abdel-Aziz Azza , Bismar Tarek A. , Yussif Shaimaa M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Wnt/β-catenin pathway has an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. It has been involved in progression, growth, epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This pathway may represent a potential target for evolving treatment strategies. β-catenin gene (CTNNB1) has been identified as an important oncogene involved in hepatocarcinogenesis in previous trials to understand the pathogenesis of HCC. This study aimed to spot light on the role of Wnt/ β-Catenin and CTNNB1 gene mutation in HCC development and its relation with different clinicopathological features.

Patients and methods

This study was conducted on 121 HCC cases that were obtained from liver explants from pathology laboratory at Mansoura Gastroenterology center retrospectively in the period between 2006-2017. Tissue Microarray (TMAs) were prepared. β-Catenin and Wnt immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on these blocks. Detection and scoring of CTNNB1 gene mutation were done by Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization (CISH). The relation between aberrant β-Catenin, Wnt2 IHC staining and CTNNB1 mRNA expression and different clinicopathological characteristics was studied.

Results

A significant association was detected between aberrent β-catenin IHC staining and larger tumor size (p = 0.011), multiple tumor nodules (p = 0.021), higher stages of the tumor (p = 0.03) and with presence of lymphovascular emboli (LVE) (p = 0.034). However, no significant association was detected with tumor site, presence of lymph node spread, distant metastasis, tumor necrosis, local recurrence and alpha-fetoprotein level. No significant association was seen between Wnt2 IHC staining with either tumor site, tumor size, number of tumor nodules, presence of LVE, tumor necrosis, tumor grade, TNM stage or presence of local recurrence. A significant association was seen between CTNNB1 mRNA expression and larger tumor size (> 5 cm) (p = 0.041), higher tumor stages (Stages III and IV) (p = 0.005) and presence of distant metastasis (p = 0.008).). No significant association between CTNNB1 mRNA expression and LVE, tumor necrosis, tumor grade or occurrance of local recurrence.

Conclusion

Aberrant β-catenin IHC staining and CTNNB1 gene mutation in HCC correlate significantly with tumor size, number of tumor nodules, tumor stage and presence of LVE. All of these items confer poor prognosis in HCC. A highly significant correlation was detected between CTNNB1 gene mutation and aberrant β-catenin expression in HCC cases.
“The First Duty of Charity”
Authors: Fallas Amy
Published: January 2025

From its conceptualization during the late nineteenth century to its grand opening in 1927 and through subsequent decades, the Coptic Hospital has been a fixture in the geographies and genealogies of sectarianism in Cairo. When Boutros Ghali Pasha established the Great Coptic Benevolent Society with other Coptic laity in 1881, he and the board of directors envisioned medical care for the Coptic poor as the organization's first and primary duty. When they faced a myriad of challenges in erecting the hospital, they pivoted to a broader purview of the society's mandate by expanding service to all Egyptians regardless of religious affiliation amid the most polemical sectarian encounters and debates of the early twentieth century. They mediated these tensions by employing a language of sectarian neutrality and claiming to contribute to Egypt's march toward “civilization” through the establishment of the country's first Egyptian-established and -operated private hospital. Yet many aspects of the hospital's development—from appointing department directors to tracking patients—continued to center religious identity as a salient category of medical management. This article examines the discursive and material trajectories of the Coptic Hospital through the prism of medical philanthropy and sectarian infrastructures in modern Cairo.
Religion and Its Publics in South Asia
Authors: Chopra Rohit , Sundaram Dheepa
Published: January 2025

This introduction to the special section of the issue outlines the genesis of the section, provides a brief history of publics and counterpublics in South Asian contexts, and highlights key themes and questions that the section covers. It discusses its contributions, how they trouble the concept of the South Asian public, and the new vistas of inquiry that the section invites. It also presents a survey of relevant literature on South Asian publics to situate the special section in the context of existing scholarly work on religion and publics as well as the specific affordances and aspects that shape how we understand the concept of the public within South Asian spaces. The introduction also describes each article in the section and concludes with a discussion what the special section may tell us about the possible futures of religion and its publics in South Asia, the value and scope of theorizing publics within South Asia, and future areas of inquiry that could prove productive in building on the themes, issues, and concerns raised here.
A Social Constructionist Influenced Scoping Review of Addictions, Deviance and Crime: Biopsychosocial Perspectives for the Emerging Forensic Mental Health Nursing and Healthcare Services of the Middle East
Authors: Mottershead Richard , Subu Muhammad Arsyad , Habeb Mustafa , Alonaizi Nafi , Bani-Issa Wegdan , Dias Jacqueline Maria , Refaat Ahmed Fatma , Abraham Mini Sara , AL-Fayyadh Sadeq , Almesafri Ruwaya Khalfan Saif , Alhaiti Ali , Awad Al-kubaisi Khalid , Murendo Conrad , Al-Jabri Mohammed , Hall John , Shahrour Ghada , Harrison Chloe
Published: January 2025

Background Nurses and healthcare professionals employed in correctional and forensic mental health settings encounter unique challenges in the care of their patients due to custodial and restrictive environments. Regions within the Middle East, such as the United Arab Emirates and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, have recently experienced exponential economic and healthcare infrastructure development. Mental health has been prioritized for development by recent legislation and practice that incorporate the development of specialist forensic psychiatry services that mediate the need for specialized nurses and allied healthcare staff. Traditionally, forensic care has been provided by general services. The need to progress specialist forensic services with a focus on multidisciplinary staff that seeks to develop safer communities, enhance care, and support the criminal justice system. Methods This review article aims to provide a foundation for the nuances of forensic staff through social constructionism. We adopted the framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005). The use of a scoping review provides a better understanding of the compatibility, content, and outcomes to position the reader to the theoretical construct that society can be seen as existing in both objective and subjective reality. Discussion This paper argues for the preparedness of thought understood through social constructionism and demonstrates that it is envisaged that any frequently repeated action becomes cast into a pattern that can be reproduced without much effort. The interconnectedness between the themes of addiction, deviance, and crime allows for a holistic overview and improved understanding for care providers and this was achieved through bio-psychosocial model. Conclusion Through the emergence of these complex forms of knowledge, deviance within the lives of patients can be better understood by the emerging professions employed in the emerging forensic healthcare services within the Middle East. These individuals are carefully and dutifully navigating the cultural complexities of mental illness, addictions, and associated deviant behavior.
FEATURES OF THE DIGITAL GENERATION IN THE HR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL REGULATORS
Authors: Evlampieva Ekaterina
Published: January 2025

The article discusses a number of topical issues related to the development of modern society, including Russian. The issue of generational differences and their impact on the functioning of the state, the formation of traditions, norms, and values is increasingly attracting interest among researchers. The work examines the theory of generations by N. Howe and W. Strauss, which provides valuable information about the characteristics of social development. The consideration of social regulators is based on the theory of the Russian scientist N.L. Zakharov. Particular attention in the article is paid to the new digital generation Z in the context of the theory of social regulators, which becomes logical taking into account the features of the management system in modern conditions.
ON CAREER GUIDANCE AGAIN. SCHOOL, FAMILY, UNIVERSITY – WILL THERE BE A RESULT?
Authors: Romanova I.
Published: January 2025

Career guidance work is the subject of attention of the state and parents, the quality of which determines the well-being of each citizen and the state of the economy as a whole. Meanwhile, it is not always effective, as evidenced by the answers of schoolchildren given in the article. The article considers «family» career guidance, its features and suggests some of its forms for implementation by parents. The experience of career guidance work carried out by students of the Department of Personnel Management of the State University of Management within the framework of project-based learning and individual academic disciplines is described. In particular, this is an interactive assistant for schoolchildren, as well as individual diagnostic profiles of students and career trajectories.
OFFICE SYNDROME
Authors: Rudchenko P. , Belova O.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the characteristics of the «office syndrome», which is formed because of the negative impact on the health of employees of working conditions, the technological revolution, and the complex and unpredictable situation in the world. The risk factors influencing the development of stress in offices are disclosed, anti-stress measures used by modern organizations to counteract the negative effects of stress on the health of office workers are analyzed. The main thesis of the authors is that it is necessary to fundamentally change the approach to personnel policy, focusing on creating a system to support the mental and physical health of employees, since this is not only a condition for the economic prosperity of organizations and society as a whole, such a policy corresponds to modern times, changes taking place in the economy and public consciousness. Today, creating harmony between human needs and the economy is the leading idea.
Self-regulation, depression and grief in family caregivers supportingrelatives with dementia attending day care homes
Authors: Zawadzka Ewa , Domańska Łucja
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Our study focused on the functioning of family caregivers of individuals with dementia attending day care centres. The main aims of the study were: (1) to compare self-regulation and depressive symptoms in caregivers of relatives with dementia and individuals who are not caregivers; (2) to evaluate the impact of self-regulation on depressive symptoms and grief in caregivers of relatives with dementia; (3) to estimate relationships between self-regulation, depressive symptoms, caregiver grief and support provided to individuals with dementia.
Material and methods: The sample consisted of 30 family caregivers of persons with dementia attending day care centres and controls who were not caregivers (n = 32). The Depression Assessment Questionnaire (DAQ), MM Caregiver Grief Inventory (MM-CGI-50), and some subscales from Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS) were administered.
Results: Family caregivers obtained significantly higher scores than controls in global index of DAQ and in some depression dimensions. The regression analysis showed that caregiving redounded to higher intensity of thoughts about death, pessimism, and alienation, guilt and anxiety. The moderating effect of caregiving on the relationship between self-regulation and depressive symptoms such as cognitive deficits and energy loss was found. There were significant correlations between self-regulation and emotional, informative and buffer-protective support.
Conclusions: Caregiving for a relative with dementia, even when the regular external assistance is received, poses a risk of impairing emotional functioning. Self-regulatory capacity of the caregiver appears the relevant factor both buffering against depressive symptoms and increasing the readiness to provide different types of support for care recipients with dementia.
Determinants of foreign direct invesment in eight ASEAN countries
Authors: Rastiati Rastiati , Khoirudin Rifki
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the influence of economic growth, labor, regulatory quality, political stability, and carbon emissions on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in eight member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). With strong economic growth, a qualified workforce, good regulations, stable politics, and low environmental degradation, ASEAN member countries have great potential for investment, which generates long-term returns. This makes the ASEAN region interesting to analyze the factors that influence FDI in the region. Using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method and secondary data from the World Bank, this study combines cross-sectional and time-series data to provide a comprehensive overview. The research findings indicate that variables such as labor, regulatory quality, political stability, and carbon emissions have a significant impact on foreign direct investment in ASEAN countries. These findings underscore the importance of these factors in determining the direction and volume of foreign investment. This study contributes significantly to understanding the dynamics of foreign investment in the ASEAN region and highlights the importance of efforts to improve political stability, regulatory quality, and manage carbon emissions to drive economic growth through foreign capital inflows. The implications of these findings can serve as a policy foundation for governments and stakeholders in ASEAN to enhance the attractiveness of foreign investment.
Determinants of circular migration patterns to Badung regency
Authors: Pebrian I Kadek Rio Dwi , Mustika Made Dwi Setyadhi
Published: January 2025

The influence of migration causes the growth of the population in a region. Migration occurs due to imbalances in development, especially in the economic sector. Whereby people migrate to obtain employment due to high wages and job opportunities in the destination area. This research analyzes the factors influencing the population's decision to engage in circular migration to Badung Regency. The analytical tool used is logistic regression analysis, specifically Binary Logistic Regression. The sample consists of 123 respondents. The research results indicate that variables such as wage levels, number of family dependents, gender, activities in the area of origin, distance, age, and squared age collectively and significantly influence the decision of the population to engage in circular migration to Badung Regency.  Partially, the research results show that the number of family dependents, gender, activities in the area of origin, and age significantly positively affect the decision of the population to engage in circular migration to Badung Regency. Meanwhile, wage levels, distance, and squared age significantly negatively affect the population's decision to engage in circular migration to Badung Regency.
Enhancing Digital Branding and Utilization of Meatball Printing Machines for MSMEs in Kampung Pentol, Surabaya
Authors: Desipradani Gita , Fais Ali , Mochklas Mochamad , Ali Moh , Lihabi Lihabi , Irmawanto Rudi , Pranugraha Aftha Ferdian
Published: January 2025

Background: Kampung Pentol, an MSME in Sidotopo, Surabaya, led by Mrs. Irma Wulandari since 2022, faces challenges with manual production, traditional marketing, and halal certification. Solutions include a Meatball Printing Machine, digital branding, and halal certification to enhance competitiveness and market reach.
Contribution: This initiative addresses key challenges in production, marketing, and halal certification, enhancing Kampung Pentol's capacity, competitiveness, and market expansion through targeted support and mentorship.
Method: Activities include preparation, implementation, evaluation, and a sustainability plan to ensure ongoing development.
Results: Outcomes include increased production via the Meatball Printing Machine, digital marketing adoption, and halal certification, expanding market reach and competitiveness.
Conclusion: Modern tools, digital marketing, and halal certification enhanced Kampung Pentol's production, market reach, and business sustainability
Adams, Jefferson, and the Jubilee
Authors: Hattem Michael D.
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the public reputations of and friendship between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson in the years after their retirements and their near simultaneous deaths on the fiftieth anniversary of independence. It also explores public, partisan conflicts over the authorship of the Declaration of Independence and the legacies of individual founders.
The Abolitionist Revolution
Authors: Hattem Michael D.
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores how the abolitionist movement drew heavily on the memory of the Revolution. It examines how abolitionists redefined the Declaration of Independence primarily by its statement of equality as well as conflicts within the movement over whether the Constitution was a proslavery or antislavery document.
“Founding Fathers” for the Twentieth Century
Authors: Hattem Michael D.
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines a significant change in the relationship between Americans and the memory of individual founders in the early twentieth century. New histories aimed at demythologizing the founders and the Revolution—most notably by Charles Beard—led to a renewed veneration by conservatives of the "founding fathers," a term that was coined in 1916 by Warren G. Harding.
Emancipation Launched
Authors: Kolchin Peter
Published: January 2025

War launched emancipation in both countries, but in different ways. In Russia, the Crimean War and the accession of Alexander II to the throne set in motion a years-long process of planning serfdom’s end. Russia’s abolition was pre-planned. In the United States, the shock of war and the wartime uprising of bondspeople against slavery meant that emancipation’s process was piecemeal and its terms shaped by evolving political conditions. The terms of emancipation in each country were irrevocably shaped by those contexts. Whereas in Russia, the emancipation settlement was gradual and largely negotiated by the serfowners, who were compensated for the loss of their serfs, in the United States, former owners’ rebellion against the federal government and their continuing intransigence meant that their role in shaping the terms was limited. The Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution reflected the concerns of an increasingly radical Republican Party and radicalized public opinion. Juxtaposing the two versions of emancipation contributes to a reevaluation of historical interpretation for each. In the end, the terms of emancipation in Russia were more favorable to former owners, more favorable to freedpeople in the United States.
Promiscuous, diseased and unfit: Discourses and embodiments of Indian indentured women across the British Empire, c. 1840–1920
Authors: Wright Morag Flora
Published: January 2025

Indian women represented something of a persistent problem for colonial officials. The Indian Government consistently emphasized the importance of obtaining high numbers of indentured women, as the lack of women on plantations was portrayed as leading to so-called vice and ‘immoral’ sexual relations. For the plantation colonies, women represented the social reproduction of the workforce, through their domestic and reproductive labour. I chart three imperial discourses which attempted to embody indentured women in markedly different ways: as promiscuous wives, as diseased and as possessors of unfit wombs. Through these embodiments I explore how the increasing violences and failures of the indenture system interacted with nineteenth-century understandings of race to map these problems not onto the system of indenture but onto the bodies of indentured women. I look at how a particularly medicalized language around women created by colonial officials sought to control, border and embody the concept of the woman worker as inherently racially deficient. In doing so the colonial states involved in indentured labour positioned themselves as father, as correctors of racial deviancy and indenture as a system, by extension, as a means of stepping into subjecthood, history and civility.
Ghostly (re)visions: Embodying the Indian Caribbean churile
Authors: Ballengee Christopher L.
Published: January 2025

In Indian Caribbean folklore, a churile is the spirit of a woman who has died while pregnant or during childbirth. She is a ‘jumbie’ in limbo between the natural and supernatural realms. This article traces the migration of churile folklore from South Asia to the Caribbean and examines its relevance in Indian Caribbean culture today. I highlight how embodiments and evocations of the churile have been reinterpreted to navigate intergenerational trauma and reimagine Indian Caribbean femininity. Using four key examples — Vanessa Godden’s performance film Churile (2016), Sabiyha Rasheed’s song ‘Choorile’ (2020), Kevin Jared Hosein’s short story ‘Maiden of the Mud’ (2016) and Ryan Persadie’s drag persona Tifa Wine in his ongoing Coolieween project — I discuss how the churile becomes a potent symbol for confronting the legacies of indenture. These works transform the horrifying symbolism of the churile, using her to address historical and personal wounds, while expressing resilience and reclaiming agency, underscoring the enduring relevance of embodied experiences in shaping complex identities.
Indentured impressions: The embodied materiality of artistic practices in Mauritius
Authors: Ghosh Baishali
Published: January 2025

This article ponders the ways contemporary Mauritius art negotiates the lives and afterlives of indentured labour histories and how artists explore visual, textual and sensorial materials to connect and counter their indentured ancestors’ narratives. The article aims to contribute to the epistemological and methodological scope of studying underrepresented visual and sensorial materials of indentured labour histories. It also reflects upon a decade-long engagement with Mauritian artists who are descendants of indentured labourers and who were involved in building a new identity following the independence of Mauritius in 1968. The first part of the text discusses how the artists appropriate colonial records, familial objects and sensorial evidences in executing their works and articulating their methods; it argues that the artistic praxes deliberately process embodied indentured labour histories. The second part thinks with and through a collaborative mural installed in the Renganaden Seeneevassen Building, a hub of government and corporate enterprises in Mauritius. It discusses how the mural can be understood as a critique of the stigmatization of the indentured labourers’ bodies and how it subverts the colonial gaze that tried to frame and limit indentured bodies. Reading the mural becomes a way to unravel colonial forms of spectatorship, and instead focus on how the artists voice their subaltern indentured ancestors and coeval communities.
Social work, social innovation, discretion and creativity: day-to-day innovation of practice
Authors: Evans Tony
Published: January 2025

The European Commission frames social innovation as a top-down process and a product handed down to staff on the ground. It is an approach that sees invention as exceptional and privileges quantitative evaluation research that sets out models and specifications of practice. There is little space for discretion and creativity. In practice, though, discretion on the ground is central to the development of new and responsive social services. It bridges the abstracted world of models and specifications of practice handed down by evaluators and policy makers and the messy world of practice. But while practical creativity is widespread, it is liable to be denigrated as non-compliance. However, horizontal creativity reflects the imagination and pragmatism of day-to-day practice, where practitioners and service users negotiate needs and co-create services. It recognises that what works for one person or community may not work for another and may not work again for the same person or community at another time. Discretion is central to this approach – the context in which creativity is nurtured and can operate. Common criticisms of horizontal creativity are that it atomises practice, which means that practitioners constantly reinvent the wheel and that it cannot engage strategically with social issues.
Putting learning communities into practice: innovation of social work education
Authors: Koop Meike , Schoenmakers Ankie , Tilma Ina , Grahame Nathalie , Spies Henk
Published: January 2025

In this chapter it will be argued that learning communities are both helpful and challenging for higher education in social work. Learning communities are emerging in the field of social work and in general in higher education in the Netherlands. Working with learning communities might bring up questions about the identity of the social work profession and the professional work of educators, societal issues, motivation, cooperation, group dynamics, and individual and collective learning and so on. That learning communities in higher education might best be embedded in a sphere of constructive friction, reflection and (action) research leading to action will be explored. An intervention tool will be elaborated to better understand the working of learning communities. This intervention tool differentiates between five aspects that define the dynamics in learning communities: context, authenticity, alliance, value creation (learning) and social innovation. The chapter is based on action research on learning communities in the field of social work situated in the Netherlands.
Using poetry in the classroom
Authors: Illingworth Sam , Jack Kirsten
Published: January 2025

Chapter 2 explores the practical applications of poetry in teaching and learning environments. It explores poetry’s role in enhancing critical thinking, creativity, and engagement in the classroom. The chapter offers strategies for facilitating poetry sessions, addressing challenges, and includes case studies demonstrating poetry’s integration across different disciplines. The focus is on timing, authenticity, transformative learning, and the concept of ‘good enough’ poetry in teaching.
The Comparative Perspective
Authors: Husted Emil
Published: January 2025

The chapter outlines the ‘comparative perspective’. Drawing on Panebianco’s comparative-historical theory, I describe the comparative perspective as a way of approaching the study of parties that focuses on a combination of historical factors – whether the party was founded through a process of territorial penetration or diffusion, whether it is characterized by charismatic leadership and whether it has a strong external sponsor – and environmental factors – whether the institutional context is characterized by stability or instability, simplicity or complexity, liberality or hostility. Combining these allows scholars to assess how institutionalized a party is. Next, I consider some widely researched topics within the comparative perspective, focusing on political support (voters and members), financial resources (income and spending) and intra-party democracy (membership participation and representation). In relation to each theme, I survey key contributions to the field and outline how I intend to work with these in the following chapter, where I compare Alternativet with Podemos in Spain and the Icelandic Pirate Party. In conclusion, I outline what organization scholars might learn from engaging with comparative party research.
Meal Preparation
Authors: Warde Alan
Published: January 2025

This chapter concerns meal preparation within the household. It examines the domestic division of labour – the nature and distribution of work, primarily between men and women – and remarks on the slow rate of change since the 1950s. Widespread consensus exists that domestic work should be shared, and despite an increasing the number of men participating and expressing an interest in cooking, it remains the case that in practice women do more of the cooking in heterosexual households. The deployment of convenience foods is often seen as a regrettable response to burdensome domestic labour, with ready meals often condemned on various, not least moral, grounds. The chapter makes a qualified defence of ready meals in support of a more nuanced explanation of their undoubted popularity. It is concluded that cooking from scratch can be overrated and that it might be better to teach children about eating rather than cooking.
Conclusions
Authors: Alexander Rosie , Henderson Holly
Published: January 2025

In this final chapter of the collectionwe return to the aims and objectives of the book, and explore the emerging themes across the collection, as well as indicating future areas for study. The first section of the chapter draws together themes around conceptualizing the ‘small island’; the second section explores how the small island context offers scope for reconceptualizing higher education provision; and the final section outlines the value of a future research agenda focused on higher education in small islands.
Researching Justice: Justice as Accountability and Justice as Collaboration
Authors: Balint Jennifer
Published: January 2025

This chapter will discuss how an understanding of justice as accountability, justice as collaboration and justice as visibility shape the author’s research practice, and how the projects they have been involved in have created these understandings of justice and the importance of creating spaces for justice conversations. These projects include the Minutes of Evidence project, a collaboration between Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, education experts, performance artists, community members, and government and community organizations to consider new modes of publicly engaging with historical and structural injustice; Sites of Violence, Sites of Peace, a collaboration between Indonesian and Australian academics that worked with three marginalized communities to develop alternative city tours of the city of Yogyakarta that highlight and narrate sites of historical injustice; and Access to Justice during COVID-19 for Newly Arrived, Refugee and Migrant Communities in Victoria that is collaborating with service providers and community organizations to document the experiences of the communities they work with in accessing legal and social support services during COVID-19, and understanding these within a framework of access to justice.
Eternal Objects of Nuclear Waste Futures
Authors: Keating Thomas P.
Published: January 2025

The chapter considers Whitehead’s notion of eternal objects as a task of ‘adventuring amid physical experiences in this actual world’ (1978: 256). The reason for doing so is to address a specific environmental problem: namely, of communicating the existence of nuclear waste buried underground for the (at least) 100,000 years that these materials pose a threat to organic life. To engage with the problem of communicating over more-than-human-time horizons, the chapter considers an unlikely genealogy of eternal objects existing between Whitehead and formal practices of nuclear waste management. Focussing on the eternal object of the colour red, and particularly its expression in Edvard Munch’s The Scream, the chapter concludes by arguing for the need to understand eternal objects as an infinite quality of nature with a capacity to produce alternative evaluations – a line of thinking of relevancy to future studies and social science engagements with nuclear waste futures.
Inclusive Rhythms: Chrono-Urbanism and De-Energization
Authors: Walker Gordon
Published: January 2025

Post-carbon inclusion and the transformations needed to strip carbon-heavy techno-energies out of urban life are approached through a temporal lens, drawing on rhythmanalytic thinking and on recent moves towards ‘chrono-urbanism’ in urban planning. The urban is conceived in both polyrhythmic and poly-energetic terms and four principles for rhythm oriented de-energization are outlined: decelerating urban processes; reconnecting social, environmental and biological rhythms; localizing polyrhythmic relations; and enabling the shared synchronization and sequencing of rhythms of activity and infrastructure. It is argued that in applying these principles close attention has to be paid to inclusion and to the distribution of the direct and indirect benefits of temporally oriented de-energization strategies. To centre on a practical example, the emblematic case of contemporary chrono-urbanism – the ‘15-minute city’ – is considered. As a superficially appealing objective, under closer examination this highlights both the possibilities but also the tensions involved in temporally as well as spatially reorganizing the reproduction of everyday urban life.
Health Data: Complementing Police Data to Know How Violent Places Are and Whether Interventions Are Effective
Authors: Sutherland Alex , Boyle Adrian
Published: January 2025

This chapter sets out the rationale and utility of health data sources for understanding the epidemiology of violence, focusing on the benefits and challenges of particular data, but also how these sources can be used to provide effective validation of violence-prevention initiatives. This chapter will conclude with future research directions – particularly around the prediction of violence from multiple sources – and with a brief example of how these data sources have already been used.
Connecting the Corrupt: Data Sources to Study Networks of Serious Financial Crime in the United Kingdom
Authors: Diviák Tomáš , Lord Nicholas
Published: January 2025

Social network analysis (SNA) is an approach concerned with analysing networks of relations and interactions among a defined set of actors. In recent years, SNA has become known as a useful tool for analysing a wide range of criminal networks, including networks of serious financial crime. However, using SNA in the study of crime is hindered by the aim of actors involved in these to conceal their interactions, making data collection complicated. These complications stem from issues with data availability, validity and reliability. To tackle these issues, we first introduce a framework for thinking about six aspects of network data collection: nodes, ties, attributes, levels, dynamics and context. In the light of this framework, we subsequently review three types of data sources usable for analysing financial crime networks in the context of the United Kingdom. These data sources are documents accompanying Deferred Prosecution Agreements, enforcement case files and commercial transaction data. We illustrate the contents of each of these data sources together with their potential for extracting network data and the types of conclusions that can be drawn through analysing them. These data sources share common problems in being of a secondary non-scientific nature and being prone to contain missing information. In conclusion, we illustrate further uses of SNA and possible extensions of the introduced data sources to other types of criminal networks and jurisdictions beyond the United Kingdom.
The Collection and Understanding of Administrative Data in UK Police Forces
Authors: Keay Scott , Towers Jude
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the potential for administrative data to improve police policy and decision making by focusing on how to incorporate a critical reflection into the analysis and interpretation of administrative data by understanding its construction. To do this, we focus on Police Recorded Crime as the key source of administrative data in policing in England and Wales. We then evaluate where policing is currently in terms of understanding the need for and having the skills to undertake this critical reflection, based on work undertaken with 60 police analysts from the North of England in 2018/19 as part of the N8 Policing Research Partnership. Finally, we look to the future and raise the issue of the place of the police analysts in the policing institution, considering what they currently contribute and what they could contribute to police policy and decision making.
Introduction: Have ‘Families of Choice’ Arrived in China?
Authors: Tao Han
Published: January 2025

The introductory chapter sets the stage by presenting the socio-cultural and legal backdrop against which queer intimate relationships and familial life unfold in Chinese society. In general, Chinese state policies and the patrilineal kinship system create a challenging environment for alternative life choices and non-conventional family structures. Consequently, Chinese non-heterosexual individuals are rarely seen as capable of establishing enduring relationships or forming families without having to forgo their queer identities. This results in queer parents remaining largely invisible to the public eye, with limited social research conducted on their practices. This chapter outlines the theoretical framework and the primary arguments that underpin the book. Drawing on new kinship studies and queer theory, as well as insights from prior queer ethnography, this work seeks to contribute to fresh insights into Chinese queer life, assisted reproduction, and kinship.
Unaccompanied Young People in Policy and Research
Authors: Ögtem-Young Özlem
Published: January 2025

This chapter gives the background to the research context. It starts with a section containing an analysis of the immigration, border and asylum policy frameworks and the migration governance that shapes the lives of unaccompanied young people. This section will also involve looking at some of the key challenges these policies pose for unaccompanied young people. The next section provides an overview of the empirical literature on unaccompanied young people seeking asylum in the UK and belonging, revealing some of the current research gaps. Following the discussion of this literature, the next and last sections discuss some of the key details around the research design and methodology.
People’s Hearts as the Regime of Regimes
Authors: Shih Chih-yu
Published: January 2025

Chapter 1, adopting a Confucian lens, connects the respective literature on state-in-society and Foucauldian governmentality by extending their application to autocratic resilience. First, the chapter points out that the state/society dichotomy is inapplicable where there exists no tradition of the rights of nature. The naturalness of the autocrat as part of society calls for an explanation of not only how and why people should accept the autocrat but also how and why the autocrat should care for or fear the people. The chapter uses narrative analysis to show that all references to the autocrat in the Chinese premodern texts imply a readiness among the people to alienate abusive autocracy and cause it to fear isolation. The people’s hearts constitute the ultimate regime of all regimes, which connotes the counter-governmentality of an autocracy to yield. The chapter thus suggests that in addition to the autocrat preparing the people to cooperate in certain ways, the imagined agency of the people to disengage likewise prepares the autocrat to cooperate. Counter-governmentality explains how autocracy is state-in-society or state-as-society.
Teacher Professionalism in the Global South
Authors: Tikly Leon , Mitchell Rafael , Barrett Angeline M.
Published: January 2025

This short book aims to provide a decolonial critique of dominant global agendas concerning teacher professionalism and to propose new understanding based on the perspectives and experiences of a sample of teachers in Colombia, Ethiopia, India, Rwanda and Tanzania. The book opens by setting out dominant conceptions of teacher professionalism as they appear in the global literature. It then uses Ndlovu-Gatsheni’s three dimensions of coloniality (namely, the coloniality of power, of knowledge and of being) as a framework for considering the legacy of colonialism on teacher professionalism and setting out teachers’ ideas concerning the barriers to and affordances of their professionalism. The main arguments advanced in the book are that a decolonial lens is helpful for contextualizing the perspectives of teachers in the global South; the lived experiences and material conditions of these teachers are often neglected in dominant discourses; it is important to situate the perspectives of teachers in an understanding of local contexts and realities; and, in contrast to deficit discourses that predominate in the global literature, there is much that can be learned about teacher professionalism from teachers in the global South.
Teacher Professionalism: A Global Literature Review
Authors: Tikly Leon , Mitchell Rafael , Barrett Angeline M. , Batra Poonam , Pardo Alexandra Bernal , Cameron Leanne , Coles Alf , Juma Zawadi Richard , Nunez Nidia Aviles , Paulson Julia , Reda Nigusse Weldemariam , Rowsell Jennifer , Tusiime Michael , Villaveces Beatriz Vejarano
Published: January 2025

The chapter situates the study with a review of the relevant global literature. It starts by defining teacher professionalism, and then reviews dominant approaches to understanding teacher professionalism, including a rights-based approach championed by UNESCO, a management-driven approach advocated by the World Bank and a social justice approach. The study is situated between a rights-based and critical approach.
Aversión a reformar. El gobierno de la libertad (1855) de Francisco Bilbao y la polémica sobre la tolerancia religiosa en Perú
Authors: Peralta Ruiz Víctor
Published: January 2025

Este artículo analiza una publicación del político liberal chileno Francisco Bilbao que en 1855 reabrió el debate sobre la tolerancia religiosa en Perú. Si bien la polémica la inició Bilbao en Lima como una contribución a la reforma de la Constitución conservadora de 1839 que debía emprender la futura Convención Nacional, esta controversia se trasladó a Arequipa, donde una prensa católica, dirigida desde el arzobispado, atacó a Bilbao por pretender acabar con el culto católico. Se argumentará que el fracaso de la propuesta de Bilbao de hacer prosperar la tolerancia religiosa se debió, por un lado, a la reacción tumultuaria de los católicos arequipeños, pero también, por otro lado, a su planteamiento utópico de fomentar una nueva soberanía no delegada del pueblo que no interesó a los liberales peruanos.
Fundamentals and theories for the design of an arbitrary fractional-order all-optical differentiator based on a microring resonator
Authors: Liu Yanan , Fang Hao , Fan Yuan , Du Liuge , Xu Xiao , Zhao Jia
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present a complete theory for designing an all-optical time differentiator that enables the realization of arbitrary differentiation orders using the microring resonator (MRR). Based on this theory, a detailed quantitative analysis of the correspondence between the differentiator orders and the microring parameters is provided. All combinations of the amplitude transmission coefficient t and single-pass amplitude transmission ξ can be determined for desired orders. Furthermore, the theory is extended to cascaded rings for high-order differentiators, facilitating the design of arbitrary order differentiators guided by this theory. As an example, a 0.54th-order differentiator is demonstrated, with two parameter sets derived from the theory validated through a FDTD simulation, yielding errors of less than 10%. Additionally, the theory is applied to the design of higher-order differentiators, with the 1.44th order and the 2.1th order used as case studies. The errors are 4.05% and 1.54%, respectively. The proposed theory provides good guidance for designing an arbitrary order differentiator, enabling significant new applications.
Minimally-invasive common-path OCT system for neurosurgery applications
Authors: Evans Gary , Gandar Jerome , Thiele Simon , Segar David J. , Rosales Cabara Yoseline , Lapinski Matthew , Gantar Ivana , Campiche Thierry , Brana Corinne , Gora Michalina J. , Scholler Jules
Published: January 2025

We present a minimally-invasive common-path optical coherence tomography (OCT) system operating at 1310 nm with a novel forward viewing monolithic endoscope designed specifically for neurosurgical applications with real-time 3D imaging capabilities. This system’s real-time tissue identification capability could enhance the accuracy of stereotactic surgeries, including deep brain stimulation and biopsy, while its ability to detect blood flow could significantly reduce the risk of hemorrhage. The system was successfully tested in vivo in a rabbit cohort.
Dynamics of S-cone contributions to the initiation of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Agosti Giulia , Guan Shuchen , Braun Doris I. , Gegenfurtner Karl R.
Published: January 2025

We investigated the interplay between luminance and heterochromatic brightness in guiding oculomotor behavior, particularly in saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements. We were particularly interested in testing whether mechanisms for eye target selection incorporate contributions from S-cones. Luminance, typically measured using the CIE’s luminous efficiency function V(λ), has limitations in representing the perceived brightness of heterochromatic stimuli, especially with bluish and yellowish lights. S-cones do not contribute significantly to luminance but do influence brightness perception. To examine the S-cone contributions to oculomotor behavior, we measured the target choices of saccades and smooth pursuit between equi-luminant bluish and yellowish stimuli, with paradigms producing a wide range of latencies. Our results show that at shorter latencies, luminance primarily drives both eye movements, with equi-luminant bluish and yellowish stimuli being chosen equally often. However, as latency increases, participants tend to choose bluish stimuli more frequently, suggesting that heterochromatic brightness plays a major role in longer-latency eye movements. This indicates that S-cone input may influence target selection as latency increases, highlighting a dynamic interaction between luminance and brightness in oculomotor decisions. We were particularly interested in investigating whether the mechanism responsible for eye movement target selection incorporates S-cone activity.
Effect of disorder and plasmonic confinement on mode localization in disordered arrays of hybrid waveguides
Authors: Hashemizad Amir , Man Weining , Xu Huizhong
Published: January 2025

We study mode localization in a quasi-one-dimensional disordered array of titanium dioxide waveguides above a silver film embedded inside a fused silica matrix. Disorder is introduced by randomly offsetting waveguides from their periodic positions by up to 20% of the array period. Using a perturbative coupled mode theory with nearest-neighbor coupling, we study how mode localization changes with increasing disorder and array size. Our results show mode localization, as measured by both the average effective mode area and variance for all modes, intensifies with increasing disorder, especially for the fundamental modes with tighter plasmonic confinement. Remarkably, we find the average variance scales with the array size, resulting in a universal dependence of normalized variance on disorder for arrays of any size. These findings may have implications for designing photonic devices and developing efficient photodetectors.