bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metallomic Approach to Mercury and Selenium in the Liver Tissue of Psectrogaster amazonica and Raphiodon vulpinus from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Bataglioli Izabela , Vieira José , Siva Joyce da , Andrade Luane , Faria Victor , Corcoba Rebeca , Almeida Ronaldo de , Zara Luiz , Buzalaf Marília , Adamec Jiri , Padilha Pedro
Published: November 2024

This paper reports the results of a mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) metallomic study in the liver tissues of Psectrogaster amazonica and Raphiodon vulpinus from the Brazilian Amazon. Two-dimensional electrophoresis, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were performed. Hg and Se determinations allowed the calculation of Hg:Se and Se:Hg molar ratio and Se values for health benefits (Se HBVs). The Se:Hg values were >1 for both fish species, whereas the Se HBVs were >5 for P. amazonica and >10 for R. vulpinus, indicating that both possess Se reserves to control Hg toxicity. The metallomic data allowed the identification of 11 Hg/Se-associated protein spots in the two fish species, with concentrations in the range of 9.70 ± 0.14 and 28.44 ± 0.31 mg kg−1 of Hg and 16.15 ± 0.21 and 43.12 ± 0.51 mg kg−1 of Se. Five metal binding proteins (MBP) in the Hg/Se-associated protein spots in the liver proteome of P. amazonica and eight in R. vulpinus were identified, indicating the possible formation of Hg/Se complexes on the MBP structures. The activities analysis of catalase, superoxide dismutase, GPx enzymes, and lipoperoxide concentrations demonstrated that Hg-induced oxidative stress did not occur, possibly because both fish species possess Se reserves necessary to inhibit the Hg’s deleterious effects.
Epigenomic Alterations of the Human CYP11B Gene in Adrenal Zonation
Authors: Takeda Yoshimichi , Demura Masashi , Yoneda Takashi , Karashima Shigehiro , Kometani Mitsuhiro , Aono Daisuke , Konishi Seigo , Horike Shin-ichi , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Yamazaki Yuto , Sasano Hironobu , Takeda Yoshiyu
Published: November 2024

The CYP11B2 gene is sporadically expressed in the zona glomerulosa (ZG), whereas the CYP11B1 gene is detected in the zona fasciculata (ZF)/reticularis (ZR), with predominant expression in the ZF. We studied the association between DNA methylation and adrenal zonation. Next, the CYP11B2 methylation statuses in the adrenal medulla (n = 4) and pheochromocytomas (n = 7) were examined. The expression of CYP11B2 in pheochromocytomas and non-functioning adenomas (NFAs) (n = 4) was also studied. Adrenals from five autopsy subjects were assessed for immunohistochemically defined adrenal zonation. We used laser capture microscopy to isolate DNA from each zone in adrenal tissues. CYP11B1 was predominantly unmethylated in the ZF but heavily methylated in the ZG and the ZR. In contrast, CYP11B2 was hypomethylated in the ZG compared with in the ZF and the ZR. In terms of the expression site and strength, the promoter methylation patterns for CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 showed capacities to express CYP11B enzymes. The DNA methylation patterns of the CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 promoters were closely associated with adrenal zonation. The unmethylated CpGs of CYP11B2 were found in the adrenal medulla and pheochromocytomas. Gene expression of CYP11B2 was detected in the pheochromocytomas. These results indicate the possibility that the synthesis of aldosterone occurs in the adrenal medulla. Further study is necessary to elucidate the pathophysiological roles for the synthesis of aldosterone in the adrenal medulla.
Na+ Translocation Dominates over H+-Translocation in the Membrane Pyrophosphatase with Dual Transport Specificity
Authors: Bogachev Alexander V. , Anashkin Viktor A. , Bertsova Yulia V. , Zavyalova Elena G. , Baykov Alexander A.
Published: November 2024

Cation-pumping membrane pyrophosphatases (mPPases; EC 7.1.3.1) vary in their transport specificity from obligatory H+ transporters found in all kingdoms of life, to Na+/H+-co-transporters found in many prokaryotes. The available data suggest a unique “direct-coupling” mechanism of H+ transport, in which the transported proton is generated from nucleophilic water molecule. Na+ transport is best rationalized by assuming that the water-borne proton propels a prebound Na+ ion through the ion conductance channel (“billiard” mechanism). However, the “billiard” mechanism, in its simple form, is not applicable to the mPPases that simultaneously transport Na+ and H+ without evident competition between the cations (Na+,H+-PPases). In this study, we used a pyranine-based fluorescent assay to explore the relationship between the cation transport reactions catalyzed by recombinant Bacteroides vulgatus Na+,H+-PPase in membrane vesicles. Under appropriately chosen conditions, including the addition of an H+ ionophore to convert Na+ influx into equivalent H+ efflux, the pyranine signal measures either H+ or Na+ translocation. Using a stopped-flow version of this assay, we demonstrate that H+ and Na+ are transported by Na+,H+-PPase in a ratio of approximately 1:8, which is independent of Na+ concentration. These findings were rationalized using an “extended billiard” model, whose most likely variant predicts the kinetic limitation of Na+ delivery to the pump-loading site.
Hybrid Origin of ×Leymotrigia bergrothii (Poaceae) as Revealed by Analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer ITS1 and trnL Sequences
Authors: Punina Elizaveta O. , Gnutikov Alexander A. , Nosov Nikolai N. , Shneyer Victoria S. , Rodionov Alexander V.
Published: November 2024

×Leymotrigia bergrothii is a presumed hybrid of Leymus arenarius and Elytrigia repens. This article investigates the hybrid origin and genome composition of this species. These plants are sterile, do not undergo pollination, and do not produce seeds; occasionally, underdeveloped stamens containing abortive pollen grains form in individual spikelets. The karyotype analysis of root meristem cells revealed a diploid chromosome number of 49 in ×L. bergrothii, reported here for the first time. Subsequently, we examined the intragenomic polymorphism of the transcribed spacer ITS1 in several species of Elytrigia, Elymus, Leymus, Hordeum, and Psathyrostachys, and compared the ribotype patterns of these species with those of ×L. bergrothii. It is shown that the St-ribotype variants found in Elytrigia repens and Elytrigia pseudocaesia, as well as the ribotypes of the La family, which dominate in the genome of Leymus arenarius, correspond to major ribotypes in ×L. bergrothii. The ribotypes of the St and La families are present in the nuclear genome of ×L. bergrothii in almost equal proportions. A comparison of intron and exon sequences of the trnL gene in the chloroplast DNA of Leymus arenarius, Elytrigia repens, and ×L. bergrothii showed that this region in ×L. bergrothii is identical or very close to that of Elytrigia repens, suggesting that Elytrigia repens was the cytoplasmic donor to ×L. bergrothii. Thus, our study confirms the hypothesis that this species represents a sterile first-generation hybrid of Leymus arenarius and Elytrigia repens, reproducing vegetatively.
Biophysical Analysis of Vip3Aa Toxin Mutants Before and After Activation
Authors: Khunrach Pongsatorn , Surya Wahyu , Promdonkoy Boonhiang , Torres Jaume , Boonserm Panadda
Published: November 2024

Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective biopesticides that kill lepidopteran pests, replacing chemical pesticides that indiscriminately attack both target and non-target organisms. However, resistance in susceptible pests is an emerging problem. B. thuringiensis also produces vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip3A), which can kill insect targets in the same group as Cry toxins but using different host receptors, making the combined application of Cry and Vip3A an exciting possibility. Vip3A toxicity requires the formation of a homotetramer. Hence, screening of Vip3A mutants for increased stability requires orthogonal biophysical assays that can test both tetrameric integrity and monomeric robustness. For this purpose, we have used herein for the first time a combination of analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), mass photometry (MP), differential static light scattering (DSLS) and differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) to test five mutants at domains I and II. Although all mutants appeared more stable than the wild type (WT) in DSLS, mutants that showed more dissociation into dimers in MP and AUC experiments also showed earlier thermal unfolding by DSF at domains IV–V. All of the mutants were less toxic than the WT, but toxicity was highest for domain II mutations N242C and F229Y. Activation of the protoxin was complete and resulted in a form with a lower sedimentation coefficient. Future high-resolution structural data may lead to a deeper understanding of the increased stability that will help with rational design while retaining native toxicity.
Glucocorticoids Selectively Inhibit Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons Activity Through HCN Channels
Authors: Li Chenyang , Lu Tongchuang , Pan Chengfang , Hu Changlong
Published: November 2024

Glucocorticoids are known to influence hippocampal function, but their rapid non-genomic effects on specific neurons in the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit remain underexplored. This study investigated the immediate effects of glucocorticoids on CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons, and dentate gyrus (DG) granule neurons in rats using the patch-clamp technique. We found that a 5 min extracellular application of corticosterone significantly reduced action potential firing frequency in CA1 pyramidal neurons, while no effects were observed in CA3 or DG neurons. The corticosterone-induced inhibition in CA1 was blocked by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist CORT125281, but remained unaffected by the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone. Notably, membrane-impermeable bovine serum albumin-conjugated dexamethasone mimicked corticosterone’s effects on CA1 neurons, which exhibited prominent hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel currents. Pyramidal neurons in CA3 and granular neurons in the DG showed little HCN channel currents. Corticosterone enhanced HCN channel activity in CA1 neurons via glucocorticoid receptors, and the HCN channel inhibitor ZD7288 abolished corticosterone’s suppressive effects on action potentials. These findings suggest that glucocorticoids selectively inhibit CA1 pyramidal neuron activity through HCN channels, providing new insight into the mechanisms of glucocorticoid action in hippocampal circuits.
Exploring the Landscape of Pre- and Post-Synaptic Pediatric Disorders with Epilepsy: A Narrative Review on Molecular Mechanisms Involved
Authors: Scorrano Giovanna , Di Francesco Ludovica , Di Ludovico Armando , Chiarelli Francesco , Matricardi Sara
Published: November 2024

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of conditions affecting brain development, with variable degrees of severity and heterogeneous clinical features. They include intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), often coexisting with epilepsy, extra-neurological comorbidities, and multisystemic involvement. In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allowed the identification of several gene pathogenic variants etiologically related to these disorders in a large cohort of affected children. These genes encode proteins involved in synaptic homeostasis, such as SNARE proteins, implicated in calcium-triggered pre-synaptic release of neurotransmitters, or channel subunit proteins, such as post-synaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors involved in the brain’s fast excitatory neurotransmission. In this narrative review, we dissected emerged molecular mechanisms related to NDDs and epilepsy due to defects in pre- and post-synaptic transmission. We focused on the most recently discovered SNAREopathies and AMPA-related synaptopathies.
Effectively Enhancing the Physiological Activity and Sensory Quality of Whole Calamondin Puree via Yeast Fermentation
Authors: Zhang Hongjian , Liu Shuaiguang , Ma Zewei , Huang Huan , Zheng Lianhe , Tian Yan , Zhong Qiuping
Published: November 2024

To explore the feasibility of pure yeast fermentation in whole Calamondin puree (FWCP) for the utilization of the whole fruit, yeasts were isolated from naturally fermented Calamondin, and their fermentation characteristics were evaluated. The results indicated that all yeasts were able to ferment FWCP, reducing the sour taste by degrading citric acid, increasing the contents of nutrients (such as phenols and limonins) and volatile compounds, and enhancing the antioxidant activity and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity (p < 0.05). Among them, P. terricola QJJY1 and H. opuntiae QJJY14 exhibited stronger abilities to degrade organic acids, with P. terricola QJJY1 enhancing the antioxidant capacity by releasing phenolic compounds such as phloretin-3′,5′-di-c-β-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, and isomargaritene. Moreover, H. opuntiae QJJY15 improved the contents of characteristic volatile compounds such as terpene hydrocarbons and higher alcohols. In total, 70 components were identified as differential metabolites based on their fold change in the metabolites, with 42 differential metabolites involved in 29 metabolic pathways across four strains. The main pathways related to phenol and flavor enrichment were flavonoid, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Therefore, yeast fermentation is an effective method for utilizing whole Calamondin.
Can ChatGPT Support Clinical Coding Using the ICD-10-CM/PCS?
Authors: Nascimento Teixeira Bernardo , Leitão Ana , Nascimento Generosa , Campos-Fernandes Adalberto , Cercas Francisco
Published: November 2024

Introduction: With the growing development and adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare and across other sectors of society, various user-friendly and engaging tools to support research have emerged, such as chatbots, notably ChatGPT. Objective: To investigate the performance of ChatGPT as an assistant to medical coders using the ICD-10-CM/PCS. Methodology: We conducted a prospective exploratory study between 2023 and 2024 over 6 months. A total of 150 clinical cases coded using the ICD-10-CM/PCS, extracted from technical coding books, were systematically randomized. All cases were translated into Portuguese (the native language of the authors) and English (the native language of the ICD-10-CM/PCS). These clinical cases varied in complexity levels regarding the quantity of diagnoses and procedures, as well as the nature of the clinical information. Each case was input into the 2023 ChatGPT free version. The coding obtained from ChatGPT was analyzed by a senior medical auditor/coder and compared with the expected results. Results: Regarding the correct codes, ChatGPT’s performance was higher by approximately 29 percentage points between diagnoses and procedures, with greater proficiency in diagnostic codes. The accuracy rate for codes was similar across languages, with rates of 31.0% and 31.9%. The error rate in procedure codes was substantially higher than that in diagnostic codes by almost four times. For missing information, a higher incidence was observed in diagnoses compared to procedures of slightly more than double the comparative rates. Additionally, there was a statistically significant excess of codes not related to clinical information, which was higher in procedures and nearly the same value in both languages under study. Conclusion: Given the ease of access to these tools, this investigation serves as an awareness factor, demonstrating that ChatGPT can assist the medical coder in directed research. However, it does not replace their technical validation in this process. Therefore, further developments of this tool are necessary to increase the quality and reliability of the results.
Nickel Foam-Supported FeP Encapsulated in N, P Co-Doped Carbon Matrix for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhong Jianguo , Zhang Ting , Tian Jianqiang , Gao Wei , Wang Yuxin
Published: November 2024

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) show great potential as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). FeP stands out as an efficient and cost-effective non-noble metal-based HER catalyst. However, FeP tends to aggregate and suffer from instability during the reaction. To tackle these challenges, we developed an efficient and straightforward approach to load metal-organic framework-derived N/P co-doped carbon-encapsulated FeP nanoparticles onto a nickel foam substrate (FeP@NPC/NF-450). This catalyst exhibits exceptional HER activity in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M KOH solutions, with overpotentials of 68.3 mV and 106.1 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, it demonstrates excellent stability with negligible decay over 48 h in both acidic and alkaline solutions. The outstanding hydrogen evolution catalytic performance of FeP@NPC/NF-450 is mainly due to the N, P co-doped carbon matrix, which safeguards the FeP nanoparticles from aggregation and surface oxidation. Consequently, this enhances the availability of active sites during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), leading to improved stability. Moreover, introducing nickel foam offers a larger specific surface area and enhances charge transfer rates. This study provides a reference method for preparing stable and highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.
The Role of Anesthetic Management in Lung Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Huh Jaewon , Hwang Wonjung
Published: November 2024

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although surgical treatment is a primary approach, residual cancer cells and surgery-induced pathophysiological changes may promote cancer recurrence and metastasis. Anesthetic agents and techniques have recently been shown to potentially impact these processes by modulating surgical stress responses, immune function, inflammatory pathways, and the tumor microenvironment. Anesthetics can influence immune-modulating cytokines, induce pro-inflammatory factors such as HIF-1α, and alter natural-killer cell activity, affecting cancer cell survival and spread. Preclinical studies suggest volatile anesthetics may promote tumor progression by triggering pro-inflammatory signaling, while propofol shows potential antitumor properties through immune-preserving effects and reductions in IL-6 and other inflammatory markers. Additionally, opioids are known to suppress immune responses and stimulate pathways that may support cancer cell proliferation, whereas regional anesthesia may reduce these risks by decreasing the need for systemic opioids and volatile agents. Despite these findings, clinical data remain inconclusive, with studies showing mixed outcomes across patient populations. Current clinical trials, including comparisons of volatile agents with propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia, aim to provide clarity but highlight the need for further investigation. Large-scale, well-designed studies are essential to validate the true impact of anesthetic choice on cancer recurrence and to optimize perioperative strategies that support long-term oncologic outcomes for lung cancer patients.
Comment on Cancello et al. Sarcopenia Prevalence Among Hospitalized Patients with Severe Obesity: An Observational Study. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 2880
Authors: Schluessel Sabine , Mueller Katharina , Drey Michael
Published: November 2024

Dear Editor, we read the article “Sarcopenia Prevalence Among Hospitalized Patients with Severe Obesity: An Observational Study” and found it to be of great interest. The exploration of this important topic is highly commendable; however, we would like to highlight a critical issue that has not been fully addressed in this study. Specifically, the study does not fully adhere to the consensus definition of sarcopenic obesity (SO) as outlined by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), as we will explain below.
Reply to Schluessel et al. Comment on “Cancello et al. Sarcopenia Prevalence Among Hospitalized Patients with Severe Obesity: An Observational Study. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 2880”
Authors: Cancello Raffaella , Brenna Ettore , Soranna Davide , Zambon Antonella , Villa Valentina , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Donini Lorenzo Maria , Busetto Luca , Capodaglio Paolo , Brunani Amelia
Published: November 2024

We appreciate the interest of Schluessel S [...]
Improving Diagnosis and Management of Opioid-Induced Constipation (OIC) in Clinical Practice: An Italian Expert Opinion
Authors: Varrassi Giustino , Casale Giuseppe , De Marinis Maria Grazia , Dentali Francesco , Evangelista Paolo , Gobber Gino , Lanzetta Gaetano , Lora Aprile Pierangelo , Pace Maria Caterina , Portincasa Piero , Radaelli Franco , Ungar Andrea
Published: November 2024

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a very common and troublesome gastrointestinal side effect following the use of opioids. Despite existing international guidelines, OIC is largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. ECHO OIC is a European project designed to improve the diagnosis and management of OIC at the primary care level. The next phase of the ECHO OIC project is to review and adapt the proposed European pathway at national level, considering the local patient journey and clinical practice. A multidisciplinary group of 12 Italian experts reviewed and discussed the European path and formulated a seven-step guide for the practical management of OIC that is also easily applicable in primary care: 1. When prescribing long-term opioids, the physician should inform the patient of the possibility of the onset of OIC; 2. At opioid prescription, doctors should also prescribe a treatment for constipation, preferably macrogol or stimulant laxatives; 3. The patient should be evaluated for OIC within the second week of initiating opioid treatment, by clinical history and Rome IV criteria; 4. In the presence of constipation despite laxatives, prescription of a PAMORA (Peripherally Acting Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonist) should be considered; 5. When prescribing a PAMORA, prescribing information should be carefully reviewed, and patients should be accurately instructed for appropriate use; 6. Efficacy and tolerability of the PAMORA should be monitored regularly by Bowel Function Index, considering a cut-off of 30 for the possible step-up of OIC treatment; 7. After 4 weeks of treatment, if the efficacy of PAMORA is deemed inadequate, discontinuation of the PAMORA, addition of an anti-constipation drugs, change of opioid type, or referral to a specialist should be considered. Spreading knowledge about the OIC problem as much as possible to the health community is crucial to obtain not only an early treatment of the condition but also to promote its prevention.
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Profiles of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from an Italian Multicentre Cohort
Authors: Atzeni Fabiola , Bartoloni Elena , Cacciapaglia Fabio , Gremese Elisa , Manfredi Andreina , Piga Matteo , Sakellariou Garifallia , Spinelli Francesca Romana , Viapiana Ombretta , Erre Gian Luca
Published: November 2024

Objective: The effect of sex and gender-related variables on the evaluation of cardiovascular (CV) risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients has been poorly explored. We investigated the differences in CV risk features and scores according to sex in a wide rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohort. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a consecutive RA cohort. Disease-specific clinical and serologic variables, traditional CV risk factors and the 10-year CV risk calculated by the SCORE-2, Progetto CUORE and Expanded Risk Score-RA algorithms were compared in males and females. Results: A total of 820 patients (193 men, 627 women) were included. Disease activity was similar between the two sexes. A significantly higher prevalence of traditional CV risk factors and higher mean CV risk scores were detected in male compared to female patients. In the multiple linear regression analysis, a higher HAQ, csDMARD use and ACPA positivity were significantly associated with an increased CV risk in females, while b/tsDMARDs was associated with a lower CV risk in males according to different algorithms. Conclusions: The distribution of traditional CV risk factors and the 10-year risk of CV disease significantly differed in female and male patients despite similar disease activity. Disease-specific variables may contribute differently to CV risk according to sex. The CV screening in RA should also take into account the different distribution of CV risk factors between sexes.
Predictors of Residual Right to Left Shunt in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Transcatheter Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: A New Clue “Inferior Vena Cava-Patent Foramen Ovale Angle”
Authors: Inan Duygu , Ozbay Benay , Demırtola Mammadli Ayse Irem , Pamuk Funda Ozlem , Tugrul Yavuz Sevil , Derviş Emir , Guler Yeliz , Albayrak Duygu Genç , Sahin Kadir Kasım , Kılıcgedik Alev
Published: November 2024

Background: Many different devices are currently used for percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure (pPFOc), aiming to achieve complete occlusion to prevent recurrent embolism. We aimed to reveal the association between residual right-to-left shunt (RLS) after pPFOc and baseline structural features of the PFO determined using transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before the procedure. Methods: This is a single-center cross-sectional study. A total of 123 patients who underwent pPFOc for cryptogenic stroke (CS) were screened, consecutively. Patients were compared based on the presence of residual RLS. The association of structural features of the PFO with residual RLS was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: The procedure was successfully completed in a total of 103 patients included in the study after exclusion and 21% had significant residual RLS. During a median follow-up of 18 months, one patient died at 25 months due to malignancy, recurrent CS were observed in 5 (5%) patients, and atrial fibrillation was detected in 3 (3%) patients. No significant difference was observed in the baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters among the patients. In addition to atrial septal aneurysm (ASA), aortic rim, tunnel width and length; inferior vena cava (IVC)-PFO tunnel angle was associated with residual RLS with a cut-off 11.3 (AUC: 0.786, 64% sensitivity, 87% specificity, p < 0.001). In individuals with residual RLS, longer and wider tunnel size, rudimentary aortic rim, acute IVC-PFO tunnel angle, and decreased tunnel length-left disc ratio were observed. Conclusions: IVC-PFO tunnel angle is a novel parameter and provides benefit to detect significant RLS in pPFOc patients.
Bioactive Compounds Enhance the Biocompatibility and the Physical Properties of a Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: de Castilho Aline Rogéria Freire , Rosalen Pedro Luiz , Oliveira Marina Yasbeck , Burga-Sánchez Jonny , Duarte Simone , Murata Ramiro Mendonça , Rontani Regina Maria Puppin
Published: November 2024

In order to characterize a novel restorative material, knowledge about the toxicological effect on human cells and the physical behavior of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing flavonoids was established. The flavonoids apigenin, naringenin, quercetin, and liquiritigenin were manually incorporated into a GIC. In the control group, no incorporation was performed. Two cell culture assays evaluated the toxicity of GICs: SRB and MTT. For both assays, the keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) was exposed to GIC (n = 3/group) for 24 h. The physical properties of the GICs were evaluated by compressive strength (n = 10), surface roughness (n = 10), and hardness (n = 10) tests. Cell viability by SRB ranged from 103% to 97%. The control revealed a significant decrease in the metabolism of cells (61%) by MTT, while the GIC+apigenin slightly increased the succinic dehydrogenase activity (105%; p > 0.05), also confirmed microscopically. The compressive strength and roughness values were similar among groups, but the hardness increased after the incorporation of naringenin and quercetin into GIC (p < 0.05). The incorporation of flavonoids positively altered the biological and physical properties of the GICs.
Spectral Water Wave Dissipation by Biomimetic Soft Structure
Authors: Marlier Garance , Bouchette Frédéric , Meulé Samuel , Certain Raphaël , Jouvenel Jean-Yves
Published: November 2024

Coastal protection solutions can be categorised as grey, hybrid or natural. Grey infrastructure includes artificial structures like dykes. Natural habitats like seagrasses are considered natural protection infrastructure. Hybrid solutions combine both natural and grey infrastructure. Evidence suggests that grey solutions can negatively impact the environment, while natural habitats prevent flooding without such adverse effects and provide many ecosystem services. New types of protective solutions, called biomimetic solutions, are inspired by natural habitats and reproduce their features using artificial materials. Few studies have been conducted on these new approaches. This study aims to quantify wave dissipation observed in situ above a biomimetic solution inspired by kelps, known for their wave-dampening properties. The solution was deployed in a full water column near Palavas-les-Flots in southern France. A one-month in situ experiment showed that the biomimetic solution dissipates around 10% of total wave energy on average, whatever the meteo-marine conditions. Wave energy dissipation is frequency-dependent: short waves are dissipated, while low-frequency energy increases. An anti-dissipative effect occurs for forcing conditions with frequencies close to the eigen mode linked to the biomimetic solution’s geometry, suggesting that resonance should be considered in designing future biomimetic protection solutions.
Networks and Fragments: An Integrative Approach for Planning Urban Green Infrastructures in Dense Urban Areas
Authors: Lux Maria Stella
Published: November 2024

The reintroduction of natural components into the urban environment has several benefits for the adaptation of urban environments. The urban green infrastructure (UGI) approach makes it possible to develop greening programs on a sound scientific basis and in connection with the ability to provide ecosystem services. However, in practice, UGI programs are almost exclusively based on the concept of a continuous green network, which requires large-scale interventions such as green corridors and parks. This severely limits the extension of UGI in dense urban areas such as historic centers. This article introduces the concept of green fragments and proposes an integrative approach to support greater spatial flexibility of the UGI. By setting appropriate limits on the number and proximity of green fragments, the resulting green system keeps functional connectivity despite being physically discontinuous. The proposed approach was tested in the case study of the historical center of Milan, leading to the proposal of integrations regarding the identification and mapping of the existing UGI and the planning of its future extension.
A Worldwide Annotated Checklist of Fossil (Devonian–Cretaceous) Species of the Clam Shrimp Genus Euestheria (Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Spinicaudata)
Authors: Fang Shaohua , Liao Huanyu
Published: November 2024

Clam shrimps are one of the most common and representative invertebrates in continental strata and are endowed with important biostratigraphic and paleoecological values. The genus Euestheria is one of the most common clam shrimp taxa that has been recorded in the latest Paleozoic and the Mesozoic around the world. A list of all the species assigned to Euestheria, recorded from the Devonian to the Cretaceous across all seven continents as of September 2024, is provided. The list may serve as a valuable resource, potentially useful for the biostratigraphic division and long-range correlations of continental strata. In addition, the taxonomic issues of the genus are briefly introduced and examined herein. The study aims to provide a simple lead-in for all the researchers who have an interest in clam shrimp and the genus Euestheria.
The Effect of Arterial Elongation on Isolated Common Iliac Artery Pathologies
Authors: Szőnyi Ádám , Nyárády Balázs Bence , Philippovich Márton , Dobai Adrienn , Sari Ekrem Anil , Szőnyi András , Nagy Anikó Ilona , Dósa Edit
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to investigate the effects of vessel geometry on steno-occlusive and dilatative common iliac artery (CIA) pathologies. Methods: this single-center, retrospective study included 100 participants, namely 60 participants with a unilateral, isolated CIA pathology who were divided into three pathology-based groups (a stenosis group, n = 20, an occlusion group, n = 20, and an aneurysm group, n = 20) and 40 participants without a CIA pathology (control group). All participants underwent abdominal and pelvic computed tomography angiography. The aortoiliac region of the participants was reconstructed into three-dimensional models. Elongation parameters (tortuosity index (TI) and absolute average curvature (AAC)) and bifurcation parameters (iliac take-off angle, iliac planarity angle, and bifurcation angle) were determined using an in-house-written piece of software. Demographic data, anthropometric data, cardiovascular risk factor data, and medical history data were obtained from participants’ electronic health records. The following statistical methods were used: one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, t-tests, Wilcoxon test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multivariate linear regression. Results: in the occlusion group, both TI and AAC values were significantly higher on the contralateral side than on the ipsilateral side (both p < 0.001), whereas in the aneurysm group the AAC values were significantly higher on the ipsilateral side than on the contralateral side (p = 0.001). The ipsilateral and contralateral TI and AAC values of the iliac arteries were significantly higher in the aneurysm group than in the other three groups (all p < 0.001). Age significantly affected all of the elongation parameters except for the TI of the infrarenal aorta (all p < 0.010 except the TI of the infrarenal aorta). In addition, the AAC values for the iliac arteries were significantly associated with obesity (ipsilateral iliac artery, p = 0.045; contralateral iliac artery, p = 0.047). Aortic bifurcation parameters did not differ significantly either within each group (ipsilateral versus contralateral side) or between the individual groups. Conclusions: occlusions tend to develop in relatively straight iliac arteries, whereas unilateral, isolated CIA aneurysms are more likely to occur in elongated aortoiliac systems.
A POMDP Approach to Map Victims in Disaster Scenarios
Authors: Villani Pedro Gabriel , Cugnasca Paulo Sergio
Published: November 2024

Background: The rise in natural and man-made disasters has increased the need for effective search-and-rescue tools, particularly in resource-limited areas. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used for this purpose due to their flexibility and lower operational costs. However, finding the most efficient paths for these UAVs remains a challenge, as it is essential to maximize victim location and minimize mission time. Methods: This study presents an autonomous UAV-based approach for identifying victims, prioritizing high-risk areas and those needing urgent medical attention. Unlike other methods focused solely on minimizing mission time, this approach emphasizes high-risk zones and potential secondary disaster areas. Using a partially observable Markov decision process, it simulates victim detection through an image classification algorithm, enabling efficient and independent operation. Results: Experiments with real data indicate that this approach reduces risk by 66% during the mission’s first half while autonomously identifying victims without human intervention. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the capability of autonomous UAV systems to improve search-and-rescue efforts in disaster-prone, resource-constrained regions by effectively prioritizing high-risk areas, thereby reducing mission risk and improving response efficiency.
Tribological Properties of 7A04 Aluminum Alloy Enhanced by Ceramic Coating
Authors: Meng Xiaobo , Zhang Wei , Wei Shizhong , Pan Kunming , Wang Xiaodong , Jiang Tao , Wang Xiran , Wang Changji , Chen Chong , Mao Feng , Qiao Ziping , Xue Jun , Zhang Cheng
Published: November 2024

The 7A04 Al alloy is a commonly used lightweight metal material; however, its low wear resistance limits its application. In this study, the wear resistance of this alloy was improved by preparing micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings, MAO/MoS2 composite coatings, and hard-anodized (HA) coatings on its surface. The friction and wear behaviors of these three coatings with diamond-like coated (DLC) rings under oil lubrication conditions were investigated using a ring–block friction tester. The wear rates of the coatings on the block surfaces were determined using laser confocal microscopy, and the wear trajectories of the coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that, among the three coatings, the MAO/MoS2 coating had the lowest coefficient of friction of 0.059, whereas the HA coating had the lowest wear rate of 1.47 × 10−6 mm/Nm. The MAO/MoS2 coatings exhibited excellent antifriction properties compared to the other coatings, whereas the HA coatings exhibited excellent anti-wear properties. The porous structure of the MAO coatings stored lubricant and replenished the lubrication film under oil lubrication. Meanwhile, the introduced MoS2 enhanced the densification of the coating and functioned as a solid lubricant. The HA coating exhibited good wear resistance owing to the dense structure of the amorphous-phase aluminum oxide. The mechanisms of abrasive and adhesive wear of the coatings under oil lubrication conditions and the optimization of the tribological properties by the solid–liquid synergistic lubrication effect were investigated. This study provides an effective method for the surface modification of Al alloys with potential applications in the aerospace and automotive industries.
Advanced Biomaterials for Lacrimal Tissue Engineering: A Review
Authors: Wu Kevin Y. , Dave Archan , Daigle Patrick , Tran Simon D.
Published: November 2024

The lacrimal gland (LG) is vital for ocular health, producing tears that lubricate and protect the eye. Dysfunction of the LG leads to aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (DED), significantly impacting quality of life. Current treatments mainly address symptoms rather than the underlying LG dysfunction, highlighting the need for regenerative therapies. Tissue engineering offers a promising solution, with biomaterials playing crucial roles in scaffolding and supporting cell growth for LG regeneration. This review focuses on recent advances in biomaterials used for tissue engineering of the lacrimal gland. We discuss both natural and synthetic biomaterials that mimic the extracellular matrix and provide structural support for cell proliferation and differentiation. Natural biomaterials, such as Matrigel, decellularized extracellular matrices, chitosan, silk fibroin hydrogels, and human amniotic membrane are evaluated for their biocompatibility and ability to support lacrimal gland cells. Synthetic biomaterials, like polyethersulfone, polyesters, and biodegradable polymers (PLLA and PLGA), are assessed for their mechanical properties and potential to create scaffolds that replicate the complex architecture of the LG. We also explore the integration of growth factors and stem cells with these biomaterials to enhance tissue regeneration. Challenges such as achieving proper vascularization, innervation, and long-term functionality of engineered tissues are discussed. Advances in 3D bioprinting and scaffold fabrication techniques are highlighted as promising avenues to overcome current limitations.
A Biomechanical Evaluation of Distal Tilting Implants in All-on-Four Rehabilitation with Mild Mandibular Resorption: A Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: Tsai Ming-Hsu , Lee Chung-Han , Wu Aaron Yu-Jen , Lei Yao-Ning , Chen Hung-Shyong , Wu Yu-Ling
Published: November 2024

The geometry of implants plays a crucial role in the success of All-on-Four treatments for the lower jaw. This study builds upon prior research by evaluating the biomechanical performance of implant-supported prostheses in full-arch fixed dental restorations, specifically focusing on different implant lengths and connection types in cases of mild atrophic resorption of the mandible. Four groups were analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA): We utilized 13 or 18 mm posterior 17-degree tilting implants, each paired with two kinds of abutment connections. The external hexagon connection (EHC) group utilized 4 mm diameter implants, while the internal hexagon connection (IHC) group employed 4.3 mm diameter implants. A vertical force was applied to the cantilever region located at the distal side of the posterior implant. The maximum stress regions were observed in prosthetic screws and multi-unit abutments (MUAs) across all groups, with the lowest von Mises stress values noted in the bone. Stress peaks for implant screws and fixtures in the 13 mm group were 19.98% and 11.42% lower, respectively, compared to the IHC group. Similarly, in the 18 mm group, stress peaks were reduced by 33.16% and 39.70% for the EHC group compared to the IHC group. The stress levels on all components remained below the ultimate strength of the titanium alloy. For the same implant lengths, the stress in the prosthetic screw, MUAs, implant screw, and implant fixture positions was lower in the EHC group. When implant length was increased, a decrease in stress levels was observed in the implant screw and fixture of the EHC group and only in the implant screw of the IHC group. However, an increase in stress was noted in the prosthetic screw and MUAs for both groups.
Tuning Biodegradation of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) at Mild Temperature by Blending with Poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) or Polycaprolactone (PCL)
Authors: Van de Perre Dimitri , Serbruyns Lynn , Coltelli Maria-Beatrice , Gigante Vito , Aliotta Laura , Lazzeri Andrea , Geerinck Ruben , Verstichel Steven
Published: November 2024

Biobased plastics are fully or partially made from biological resources but are not necessarily biodegradable or compostable. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA), one of the most diffused bioplastics, is compostable in industrial environments, but improving degradation in home composting conditions, in soil and in seawater could be beneficial for improving its end of life and general degradability. Blends obtained by the extrusion of PLA with different amounts of poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) or poly (caprolactone) (PCL) were characterized in terms of their home composting, soil, marine and freshwater biodegradation. The blending strategy was found to be successful in improving the home compostability and soil compostability of PLA. Thanks to the correlations with morphological characterization as determined by electron microscopy, it was possible to show that attaining an almost co-continuous phase distribution, depending on the composition and melt viscosity of the blend components, can enhance PLA degradation in home composting conditions. Tests in marine and freshwater were also performed, and the obtained results showed that in marine conditions, pure PLA is degradable. A comparison of different tests evidenced that salt dissolved in marine water plays an important role in favoring PLA’s degradability.
Simvastatin Efficacy on Endodontic Biofilms: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ferrer-Luque Carmen María , Hernández Marcos , Solana Carmen , Ruiz-Linares Matilde
Published: November 2024

The outcome of endodontic therapy is directly related to the control of infection. The aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro the efficacy of Simvastatin (SIM) and diclofenac (DC) solutions on endodontic biofilms. Methods: Mature biofilms were grown on dentin specimens and put in contact with the solutions to determine their antibiofilm activity. To assess residual antimicrobial activity, the dentin samples were immersed for 5 min in the solutions before microbial infection for 3 weeks. The study groups were: (1) 8% SIM, (2) 4% SIM, (3) 4% DC, (4) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and (5) 0.9% saline solution (SS). Cell viability was evaluated by means of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay and flow cytometry (FC). The data collected were analyzed with the ANOVA test using Welch’s correction followed by the Games–Howell test. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0. Results: All study groups reduced the biofilms significantly with respect to the control. The highest reduction percentage was obtained by 2.5% NaOCl, followed by SIM 8% and 4%, without statistically significant differences. In terms of residual activity, the 4% DC solution obtained a higher percentage of dead cells. Conclusion: Solutions of 4% and 8% SIM, and 4% Diclofenac, show antimicrobial and residual activity against multispecies endodontic biofilms.
Study on Mechanical Behaviours and Microstructure Features of Q690 Steel Weldments with Various Electrochemical Hydrogen Charging Conditions
Authors: Dan Wen-Jiao , Tang Cheng-Wang , Shi Hao , Wang Xu-Yang
Published: November 2024

Regarding the application of high-strength steel welded components to large marine equipment, prolonged exposure to marine environments results in the infiltration of hydrogen, leading to a significant decline in mechanical performance. In this study, the electrochemical hydrogenation characteristics of Q690 high-strength steel welded components at room temperature are examined under various conditions to investigate their mechanical properties. The welded specimens initially undergo electrochemical hydrogenation and, subsequently, uniaxial tensile testing to explore the influences of hydrogenation methods on their mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation after fracture. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are utilized to observe changes in the microstructure features in heat-affected zones (HAZs) and highlight the mechanisms affecting material mechanical properties. The results indicate that the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation after fracture of the material decrease with increasing hydrogenation time, solution concentration, and current density. Moreover, the fracture modes of Q690 high-strength steel welded components shift from ductile fracture to brittle fracture with increasing hydrogen atom penetration.