bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Genomic Selection Models to Predict Flowering Time and Spike Grain Number in Two Hexaploid Wheat Doubled Haploid Populations
Authors: Thavamanikumar Saravanan , Dolferus Rudy , Thumma Bala R
Published: July 2015

Genomic selection (GS) is becoming an important selection tool in crop breeding. In this study, we compared the ability of different GS models to predict time to young microspore (TYM), a flowering time-related trait, spike grain number under control conditions (SGNC) and spike grain number under osmotic stress conditions (SGNO) in two wheat biparental doubled haploid populations with unrelated parents. Prediction accuracies were compared using BayesB, Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Bayesian LASSO / BL), ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (RR-BLUP), partial least square regression (PLS), and sparse partial least square regression (SPLS) models. Prediction accuracy was tested with 10-fold cross-validation within a population and with independent validation in which marker effects from one population were used to predict traits in the other population. High prediction accuracies were obtained for TYM (0.51–0.84), whereas moderate to low accuracies were observed for SGNC (0.10–0.42) and SGNO (0.27–0.46) using cross-validation. Prediction accuracies based on independent validation are generally lower than those based on cross-validation. BayesB and SPLS outperformed all other models in predicting TYM with both cross-validation and independent validation. Although the accuracies of all models are similar in predicting SGNC and SGNO with cross-validation, BayesB and SPLS had the highest accuracy in predicting SGNC with independent validation. In independent validation, accuracies of all the models increased by using only the QTL-linked markers. Results from this study indicate that BayesB and SPLS capture the linkage disequilibrium between markers and traits effectively leading to higher accuracies. Excluding markers from QTL studies reduces prediction accuracies.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Down Syndrome-Associated Atrioventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Ramachandran Dhanya , Zeng Zhen , Locke Adam E , Mulle Jennifer G , Bean Lora J H , Rosser Tracie C , Dooley Kenneth J , Cua Clifford L , Capone George T , Reeves Roger H , Maslen Cheryl L , Cutler David J , Feingold Eleanor , Sherman Stephanie L , Zwick Michael E
Published: July 2015

The goal of this study was to identify the contribution of common genetic variants to Down syndrome−associated atrioventricular septal defect, a severe heart abnormality. Compared with the euploid population, infants with Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, have a 2000-fold increased risk of presenting with atrioventricular septal defects. The cause of this increased risk remains elusive. Here we present data from the largest heart study conducted to date on a trisomic background by using a carefully characterized collection of individuals from extreme ends of the phenotypic spectrum. We performed a genome-wide association study using logistic regression analysis on 452 individuals with Down syndrome, consisting of 210 cases with complete atrioventricular septal defects and 242 controls with structurally normal hearts. No individual variant achieved genome-wide significance. We identified four disomic regions (1p36.3, 5p15.31, 8q22.3, and 17q22) and two trisomic regions on chromosome 21 (around PDXK and KCNJ6 genes) that merit further investigation in large replication studies. Our data show that a few common genetic variants of large effect size (odds ratio >2.0) do not account for the elevated risk of Down syndrome−associated atrioventricular septal defects. Instead, multiple variants of low-to-moderate effect sizes may contribute to this elevated risk, highlighting the complex genetic architecture of atrioventricular septal defects even in the highly susceptible Down syndrome population.
The Spatial Mixing of Genomes in Secondary Contact Zones
Authors: Sedghifar Alisa , Brandvain Yaniv , Ralph Peter , Coop Graham
Published: July 2015

Recent genomic studies have highlighted the important role of admixture in shaping genome-wide patterns of diversity. Past admixture leaves a population genomic signature of linkage disequilibrium (LD), reflecting the mixing of parental chromosomes by segregation and recombination. These patterns of LD can be used to infer the timing of admixture, but the results of inference can depend strongly on the assumed demographic model. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework for modeling patterns of LD in a geographic contact zone where two differentiated populations have come into contact and are mixing by diffusive local migration. Assuming that this secondary contact is recent enough that genetic drift can be ignored, we derive expressions for the expected LD and admixture tract lengths across geographic space as a function of the age of the contact zone and the dispersal distance of individuals. We develop an approach to infer age of contact zones, using population genomic data from multiple spatially sampled populations by fitting our model to the decay of LD with recombination distance. To demonstrate an application of our model, we use our approach to explore the fit of a geographic contact zone model to three human genomic data sets from populations in Indonesia, Central Asia, and India and compare our results to inference under different demographic models. We obtain substantially different results from those of the commonly used model of panmictic admixture, highlighting the sensitivity of admixture timing results to the choice of demographic model.
Interacción colibrí-flor en tres remanentes de bosque tropical seco (BsT) del municipio de Chimichagua (Cesar, Colombia)
Authors: León-Camargo Daniel , Rangel-Churio Jesús Orlando
Published: July 2015

Se caracterizó la interacción colibrí-planta en tres remanentes de bosque tropical seco (BsT), ubicados en el municipio de Chimichagua (Cesar, Colombia) con base en la observación de las visitas a los recursos florales y en los análisis de las cargas de polen en el pico y en otras partes del cuerpo de las aves. Se registró la época de floración y la abundancia de flores producidas por las plantas utilizadas por los colibríes y se midió la cantidad y calidad del néctar. En cinco muestreos que cubrieron la variabilidad de la precipitación en la zona de estudio, se capturaron a 17 individuos. Se realizaron 218 observaciones (visitas) de dos especies de colibríes Lepidopyga goudoti y Phaethornis anthophilus, los cuales visitaron a 31 especies de plantas. Para el caso de las observaciones sobre visitas de los colibríes a las plantas, Arrabidaea cf. corallina fue la más importante (IVIR=0.14840) en los tres remanentes de vegetación estudiados, seguida por Aphelandra pulcherrima (IVIR=0.05356) y Pogonopus speciosus (IVIR=0.02773). Otra especie importante pero con valores bajos fue Cochlospermum vitifolium. De acuerdo con los análisis de cargas de polen, el recurso más importante fue Pogonopus speciosus con un valor de IVIR=0.29643, seguido por Aphelandra pulcherrima (IVIR=0.09286) y Hemistylus cf. odontophylla (IVIR=0.03294). En el análisis general para los tres sitios (Tabla 3), los recursos más importantes para los colibríes fueron Pogonopus speciosus (IVIR=0.06207), Aphelandra pulcherrima (IVIR=0.06021) y Cochlospermum vitifolium (IVIR=0.01095). L. goudoti utiliza 22 especies de plantas, mientras que P. anthophilus solamente utiliza siete. Las flores visitadas fueron en su mayoría tubulares con colores brillantes y contrastantes como el rojo, el morado y el violeta y se encontró buen ajuste entre su tamaño y la longitud y la forma del pico de los colibríes. También se presentaron visitas a flores de color blanco y amarillo como Cochlospermum vitifolium, Sterculia apetala, Ceiba pentandra, mencionadas como especies adaptadas a la polinización por insectos, pero que igualmente atraen a especies de colibríes, especialmente de pico corto. L. goudoti presentó polen de todas las especies que figuraron como recursos importantes según la intensidad de uso, mientras que P. anthophilus solamente utilizó a seis especies.
SINOPSIS DE CROTON (EUPHORBIACEAE) EN LOS ANDES DE MÉRIDA, VENEZUELA
Authors: Luján Manuel , León Yelitza , Riina Ricarda
Published: July 2015

Se realizó una sinopsis taxonómica del género Croton en los Andes de Mérida, Venezuela. Se analizaron caracteres vegetativos en 245 especímenes y se hizo un análisis de agrupamiento que resultó en la identificación de 21 grupos discretos a los cuales les fueron asignadas las identidades taxonómicas específicas más apropiadas. De estas 21 especies, C. pedicellatus representa un nuevo registro para Venezuela, C. fragilis, C. speciosus y C. redolens son nuevos registros para la región andina. Se proponen 2 nuevos sinónimos (C. chamanus bajo C. conduplicatus y C. timotensis bajo C. pungens) y se designan 3 lectotipos (C. pungens, C. ovalifolius y C. speciosus). Se discuten las relaciones entre las especies y se incluye una clave para su identificación.
RIQUEZA FLORÍSTICA, ENDEMISMO Y FORMAS DE VIDA DE LOS BOSQUES Y MATORRALES DE LAS TERRAZAS COSTERAS DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA BACONAO, CUBA
Authors: Figueredo Cardona Luz Margarita , Reyes Orlando J.
Published: July 2015

Se analiza la riqueza florística, el endemismo y las formas de vida de ocho tipos de vegetación entre bosques y matorrales de las terrazas costeras de la reserva de la biosfera Baconao. A partir de las recolectas en las expediciones de campo, la revisión de materiales de herbario e inventarios florísticos precedentes se elabora la lista de especies vegetales. Se identifican 757 especies de 387 géneros y 87 familias botánicas. Del total, 108 introducidas y 649 nativas, de estas 164 endémicas. Los matorrales costeros y los bosques semideciduos presentan la mayor riqueza de especies y endemismos; además de alta similitud biológica, debido a las condiciones edáficas en que se desarrollan. Las familias con mayor riqueza específica son: Leguminosae (96), Malvaceae (58), Rubiaceae (42), Euphorbiaceae (41), Apocynaceae (34), Boraginaceae (33) y Poaceae (29). Predominan los elementos de origen gondwánico (59.2 %), seguidos de los laurásicos (22.4 %) y los de origen desconocido (18.4 %), con prevalecía de arbustos centro amazónicos. Se clasifican 164 especies endémicas, de estas 58 pancubanos, 45 sectoriales, 26 distritales y 35 multisectoriales. Es significativa la presencia de ocho géneros endémicos, siete monoespecíficos. Se registran 35 especies amenazadas, 22 de ellas endémicas que se encuentran en áreas protegidas con categoría estricta de manejo. Se encontraron nueve formas de vida, con predominio de arbustos (283), árboles (179), hierbas (139) y trepadoras (108).
LA SOSTENIBILIDAD Y EL MANEJO DE LA CAZA DEL VENADO COLA BLANCA (Odocoileus virginianus) POR CAZADORES-RECOLECTORES DEL PERIODO PRECERÁMICO DE LA SABANA DE BOGOTÁ, EN EL YACIMIENTO ARQUEOLÓGICO DE AGUAZUQUE (COLOMBIA)
Authors: Martínez-Polanco María Fernanda , Montenegro Olga L. , Peña L. Germán A.
Published: July 2015

Se documentó la sostenibilidad y el manejo de la cacería del venado de cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus, Zimmermann, 1780) a partir de los restos arqueológicos localizados en Aguazuque (2725±35 A.P.-5025±40 A.P.). Se analizaron cambios en la proporción de animales de diferentes clases de edad, en la proporción de sexos y en las tallas. Se encontró cierta tendencia hacia la cosecha de individuos de las clases de edad adulto joven y adulto viejo. Se cazaron en la misma proporción tanto machos como hembras. No se halló evidencia de la reducción en la talla de los animales con el tiempo. Los resultados sugieren una tendencia al manejo de la cacería del venado de cola blanca en Aguazuque.
Financial Distress and Its Associations With Physical and Emotional Symptoms and Quality of Life Among Advanced Cancer Patients
Authors: Delgado-Guay Marvin , Ferrer Jeanette , Rieber Alyssa G. , Rhondali Wadih , Tayjasanant Supakarn , Ochoa Jewel , Cantu Hilda , Chisholm Gary , Williams Janet , Frisbee-Hume Susan , Bruera Eduardo
Published: July 2015

Objective.

There are limited data on the effects of financial distress (FD) on overall suffering and quality of life (QOL) of patients with advanced cancer (AdCa). In this cross-sectional study, we examined the frequency of FD and its correlates in AdCa.

Patients and Methods.

We interviewed 149 patients, 77 at a comprehensive cancer center (CCC) and 72 at a general public hospital (GPH). AdCa completed a self-rated FD (subjective experience of distress attributed to financial problems) numeric rating scale (0 = best, 10 = worst) and validated questionnaires assessing symptoms (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]), psychosocial distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), and QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]).

Results.

The patients’ median age was 60 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.6–61.5 years); 74 (50%) were female; 48 of 77 at CCC (62%) versus 13 of 72 at GPH (18%) were white; 21 of 77 (27%) versus 32 of 72 (38%) at CCC and GPH, respectively, were black; and 7 of 77 (9%) versus 27 of 72 (38%) at CCC and GPH, respectively, were Hispanic (p < .0001). FD was present in 65 of 75 at CCC (86%; 95% CI: 76%–93%) versus 65 of 72 at GPH (90%; 95% CI: 81%–96%; p = .45). The median intensity of FD at CCC and GPH was 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1–7) versus 8 (IQR: 3–10), respectively (p = .0003). FD was reported as more severe than physical distress, distress about physical functioning, social/family distress, and emotional distress by 45 (30%), 46 (31%), 64 (43%), and 55 (37%) AdCa, respectively (all significantly worse for patients at GPH) (p < .05). AdCa reported that FD was affecting their general well-being (0 = not at all, 10 = very much) with a median score of 5 (IQR: 1–8). FD correlated (Spearman correlation) with FACT-G (r = −0.23, p = .0057); HADS-anxiety (r = .27, p = .0014), ESAS-anxiety (r = .2, p = .0151), and ESAS-depression (r = .18, p = .0336).

Conclusion.

FD was very frequent in both groups, but median intensity was double among GPH patients. More than 30% of AdCa rated FD to be more severe than physical, family, and emotional distress. More research is needed to better characterize FD and its correlates in AdCa and possible interventions.

Implications for Practice:

Financial distress is an important and common factor contributing to the suffering of advanced cancer patients and their caregivers. It should be suspected in patients with persistent, refractory symptom expression. Early identification, measurement, and documentation will allow clinical teams to develop interventions to improve financial distress and its impact on quality of life of advanced cancer patients.
Thermal behaviour of unsaturated silt at high suction magnitudes
Authors: ALSHERIF N. A. , McCARTNEY J. S.
Published: July 2015

A triaxial cell was developed to investigate the shear strength of unsaturated silt under elevated temperatures and high suction magnitudes. The results from a series of drained triaxial compression tests on compacted silt specimens are presented in this paper. After anisotropic compression, some specimens were heated before suction was applied, while others were heated after the application of suction. The shear stress–strain curves of the soils under high suction magnitudes showed a brittle failure mechanism, with a clear increase in peak shear strength with net confining stress. Heating after suction application led to a greater peak shear strength than reference tests at ambient temperature, whereas heating before suction application led to a lower peak shear strength. Despite the observed path effects, a single peak failure envelope was defined when evaluating the data in terms of effective stress. The suction stress concept was used to define the effective stress, and the values of suction stress were found to be linked with a non-isothermal definition of the soil-water retention curve.
Research as an educational tool
Authors: Brice Tamāra
Published: July 2015

Every human possess his internal scientist which promotes to inquire about the world around us consisting of different objects and processes. The main goal of scientific process is to acquire new knowledge. Unfortunately, it is impossible to obtain scientific abilities only from theory and observations and it is required to develop the skills of research by doing everything by oneself and trying and encountering problems and allowing mistakes. So, to develop these skills, alongside theoretical lectures and challenges a cycles of practical tasks should be introduced to students.
Developing pre-schooler`s intellectual skills with arts classes
Authors: Priede Ligita , Vigule Dagnija
Published: July 2015

Research aims at drawing attention to theoretical and empirical aspects significant for development of pre-schooler intellectual skills in arts classes. Things enriching child’s personality, physical, intellectual and mental world largely depend upon surrounding environment, closest people and society in general. This factor is of a great significance in pedagogue activities with pre-school children, when getting the first ideas about the world, people, things, phenomena, personal abilities and possibilities. Pedagogue should plan activities in a way ensuring promotion of child’s own initiative, cognitive activity and set tasks, basing on child’s previous experience, thus furthering development of intellectual skills. Artistic and practical activities include all mutually related thinking operations that stimulate acquisition of intellectual skills within meaningful situations.
Sources of Pedagogical Experience in the Study Process
Authors: Samuseviča Alīda
Published: July 2015

The publication describing the studies in the education of prospective teachers, raises student learning as important and purposeful, constructive and conscious process of experience formation in the institution of higher education. Individual achievements in professional careers are based on the quality of acquired education and personality’s competitiveness in the labor market. Studies in the institution of higher education are an imposing source and means for advancement of future teacher's professional identity and pedagogical expertise, whose potential opportunities according to the cognitions of pedagogy theory of social constructivism are not fully applied in practice. In order to meet the public demand for excellence and creativity in educational practice at school, there is a need for a qualified and skilled educator. The objective of this paper is to describe student, prospective teacher sources of formation of pedagogical experience and their developing potential in the study process within the institution of higher education.
CONSIDERATIONS ON INTELLECTUAL LEADERSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION: CONCEPT ANALYSIS
Authors: Sūnelaitytė Agnė , Žydžiūnaitė Vilma
Published: July 2015

In the article here will be discussed the concept of intellectual leadership and the role of academic personell as intelectual leaders. The core issue in this concept analysis is the fact that many researchers choose intellectuals as the subject for their researches, and many choose leadership, but only few tried to meaningfully relate these two terms. Leadership in university is widely analysed by scholars, who tried to substantiate leadership in university with managerial and entrepreneurial theories. Increasingly growing research in the field of leadership and management in educational institutions is often focused on formal roles of University’s chancellors, vice-chancellors, deans and other managers and more on intellectual capital and property development. Yet there is still lack of theoretical and empirical research concerning the intellectual leadership, and academic personell as intellectual leaders’ role in university. Here universities have to re-consider the development of culture, traditions, and the environment, which would be advantageous to individuals who seeks to foster their creativeness and knowledge.
Factors Influencing Students ’ Academic Achievements in Science
Authors: Laizāne Ināra
Published: July 2015

Issue of educational quality is becoming more and more actual in the whole world. One of the tasks of European Union in the field of education is to provide the quality of education. In this article the educational quality in science has been looked at. The aim and method of the research are revealed in the article. The research has been done with the aim to find out the students’ academic achievements in science and the tendencies of factors that influence them. With the help of quantitative method (questionnaire) the assessment method of academic achievements was explained. In order to measure students’ achievements, the results obtained by summative assessment were used. The tendencies of factors influencing academic achievements in science were explored by looking for correlative relevance that promote and delay students’ academic achievements in science. The data obtained in the research was analysed quantitatively and qualitatively.
The Latvian Language as Perceived by Teachers and Students in the 21st Century
Authors: Kuzina Viktorija
Published: July 2015

The risks to the Latvian language is also Latvian attitude to their own language – vulgarization of language, style diferences, ignoring the elementary language law – the attitude of the state towards the latvian language teaching and research funding. If we talk about Latvian language on 21st century, there could be two forecasts-optimistic and pessimistic. In order to fulfill the optimistic forecast, as consider 76 teachers from high schools of Lielupe and Pumpuri, who had participated in the survey, consider, that Latvian language must remain the only official language status. If the Latvian language will lose the only official language status, then the possible negative forecasts will come true. So 29% of respondents believe in that case, Latvia will lose the Latvian language environment. About 62% of respondents supported the pessimistic forecast. However, like other linquists, I am convinced that Latvian language in 21st century will move a lighter path, that will lead it to further prosperity. In conclusion let us remember the words what an academician J.Stradins said the European Year of Languages conference members:„I wish so the 21st century will not destroy what was built in the 20th century.”
Art project to Kiev hills " Fictitious Gallery Expedition " as a unique declaration of freedom of artistic practice
Authors: Konovalova Olga
Published: July 2015

This article is dedicated to analysis of the Kiev artists' art project "Fiction Gallery Expedition" ("FGE"). The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of understanding the artistic creativity freedom by summarizing the results of art review and by studying existence of objects in society. Relevance of the study is in presentation of poorly studied phenomenon of Kiev artistic sphere of the end of XX and beginning of the ХХI century. Study of the question of creativity freedom will reveal the distinction between bias of the contemporary artist and occasional manifestations of freedom, teetering on the edge of legality. The concept of "artistic freedom" in art has almost always been regulated by certain conditions, starting with the exhibition space and ending with social, moral and ethical laws. In this study, the author finds no limits of creativity determined by the courage, deep intuition of the artistic nature, rational and audacious embodiment of design into the unique landscape of Kiev.
Methods of Development the Culture of Reading in Continuous Education
Authors: Ganieva Barno
Published: July 2015

The article includes information about research methods of development the culture of reading in continuous education which is caring out at the Tashkent University of Information Technologies. Also the forms and importance of information presentation and perception in the age of information technologies and recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the educational process in this aspect are given too.
THE MODEL OF SUPPORT AND PROMOTION SYSTEM FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE STAFF COMPETITIVENESS IN MODERN ENTERPRISE AS LEARNING ORGANIZATION
Authors: Katane Irena
Published: July 2015

Since Latvia is member of the European Union, the importance of our society’s competitiveness and each its member's competitiveness is becoming even more important as the society of Latvia and each individual lives in a social space and the space of the global economy. Latvia must ensure the development of a knowledge based, democratic and socially integrated society. The development of competitiveness of Latvian society and the national economy must be ensured. It has been already acknowledged that an effective means for promoting competitiveness is lifelong and lifewide education, therefore enterprises and other various institutions are becoming learning organizations that promote the professional development and competitiveness of their staff in the context of knowledge society in general. The competitiveness of an enterprise to a great extent is dependent on the support and promotion system of the staff competitiveness. The aim of the article is to make public the results of theoretical research, describing the worked out Model of Support and Promotion System for Development of the Staff Competitiveness in Modern Enterprise as Learning Organization. The designed model as such is a system of cooperation that contains four basic components of the interaction: personnel management, career counselling, mentoring and specialist's competitiveness which is a central component in this model.
DEVELOPING PRACTICES FOR ADULT EDUCATORS ’ EVALUATION
Authors: Marzano Gilberto , Lubkina Velta , Usca Svetlana
Published: July 2015

In recent years, there have been significant changes in the field of adult education. These changes have brought new opportunities for adult educators, expanding the types of programs offered to adult learners. The increasing role and spreading of adult education has given rise to the issue of adult educators' evaluation, because of overarching goal of evaluation is to improve the quality of the work of an institution. This paper focuses on EduEval (Evaluation for the Professional Development of Adult Education Staff), an EU funded project which is grounded in an action-research based on the active involvement of practitioners engaged in adult educators’ evaluation. The project aims at investigating the issue of adult educators' evaluation in some European countries (which are: Latvia, Italy, Poland, Spain and Greece). Thus paper illustrates the project objectives, and reports from the scientific approach which is used by Personality Socialization Research Institute (PSRI) of Rezeknes Augstskola (Latvia) to conduct an explorative survey on evaluation practices in the specific scope of adult social educators.
INTERNET-BASEDLEARNING APPROACH FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGEACQUISITION
Authors: Agarwal Kumar M , Novickis L
Published: July 2015

This article explores teachers’ and students’ benefits of using Internet-based Language Learning(IBLL) which includes teaching the English Language. This paper reports on the advantages and disadvantages of using internet resources and computers to learn and teach the English language. Until quite recently, Internet-based Language Learning (IBLL) was a topic of relevance mostly to those with a special interest in that area. Recently, though, the internet has become so widespread in educational institutions and homes and its uses have expanded so dramatically that the majority of the English language teachers have started the implications of the Internet for language learning. This article provides brief overview of how internet resources can be used for language teaching. It focuses not on a technical description of software, but rather on the pedagogical questions that teachers should consider in using internet resources.
INTERACTION BETWEEN FAMILIES OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS AND SUPPORT SYSTEM : PARENTAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Bethere Dina , Pavitola Linda
Published: July 2015

The study analyses the effectiveness of interaction between parents, who bring up children with special needs and the support system. According to the state defined standards and cognitions of scientific research, activities of the support system are considered as qualitative only if they satisfy parents` individual needs of receiving support. The article reflects qualitative research, where parents have naturally been delegated the functions of experts. The results of the study verify the necessity to improve collaborative strategies, employing non-governmental organizations as a resource for promoting collaboration between parents of children with special needs, educational and support institutions.
School maturity of pre-school age visually impaired children
Authors: Gudonis Vytautas
Published: July 2015

The sample or research is 310 pre-school age visually impaired children. The average age of the surveyed is 6.3 years, the sharpness of vision is V 0.3–1. The research employed the methods for assessment of children’s maturity for school worked out by G. Gintilienė, D. Butkienė, S. Girdzijauskienė et al. (2005). During the investigation, essential problems of pre-school age visually impaired children have been estimated: a number of hyperactive children increases; also, a number of children who can hardly focus and retain attention increases; poor visual-motor coordination; narrow vocabulary; they explain notions of active vocabulary with difficulty. Results of school maturity of pre-school age visually impaired children proved significance of pre-school education institutions in visually impaired children’s preparation for school. It has been found that when surveying children of pre-school groups twice, in September and May, as well as preparing and using psychologists’ recommendations for pedagogues and parents, the level of pupils’ school maturity increases.
Parent’s Needs During Their Child Hospitalization
Authors: Miķelsone Madara , Sīpols Jānis
Published: July 2015

The child's hospitalization is always associated with distress to child and his parents, because of unfamiliar environment. Although the child is in the center of the care, parents are encouraged to stay with their child at hospital. To achieve successful co-operation between parents and health care practitioners it is necessary to identify child`s and also their parent`s needs. Parental satisfaction with provided care depends on the quality of cooperation, which is an important indicator of the quality of the care. Aim of the study was to determine parental needs and level of their satisfaction during child hospitalization in one of the inpatient health care institutions in Latvia. Research results showed most important and less important parental needs and their level of satisfaction as well as implications were developed for further research
The Inclusive Education Process Implementation Problems and Solutions to the Teachers' Point of View
Authors: Rozenfelde Mārīte
Published: July 2015

Class teachers are the main resource to reach the goal of implementation of inclusive education in mainstream educational institutions. There will be different views and actions of teachers in any educational institution and we should not expect that everybody think and act in the same way. To implement inclusion in school a lot depends on teachers’ attitudes toward pupils with different needs, on whether teachers have necessary skills, competences, knowledge, pedagogical approaches, techniques, methods, materials that help to deal with diversity, whether a teacher has the necessary support inside and outside the school. In the article the issues of how teachers of mainstream schools in Latvia judge their ability to be inclusive; what challenges they see in their work and what kind of solutions they see on local and national level are emphasized. The article describes the overview study done by the author and it presents the findings and results of the study, the resolution of the scientific conference „Teacher in Inclusive Education” to promote implementation of inclusive education on national level supported by the participants of the conference.
Dyscalculia – one of the Types of Learning Disabilities
Authors: Tūbele Sarmīte
Published: July 2015

The article is devoted to a theoretical justification of dyscalculia showing a link between characteristics of brain functions and expressions of learning disorders. Although dyscalculia and dyslexia are linked problems, the cognitive profile is different. Significant understanding of dyscalculia deals with origin and manifestations of it that affect learning in school and future quality of life. Development of neuroscience and brain studies performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow accurate descriptions of problem and in addition to search for ways to reduce the negative effects of dyscalculia.
Distribution of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Malaysian Children Attending University Dental Clinic
Authors: Hussein AS , Faisal M , Haron M , Ghanim AM , Abu-Hassan MI
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a condition of hypomineralized enamel of systemic origin affecting first permanent molars and frequently permanent incisors. It is considered a global problem and data from South-East Asian countries, including Malaysia are lacking. Hence the aim of this study were to investigate the distribution and severity of MIH in a group of children aged 7-12 year olds attending pediatric dental clinic at Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. Study design: Hundred and fifty four children age 7-12 year-old with mean age of 9.14 ±1.682 had their first permanent molars and permanent incisors were examined at Faculty of Dentistry, UiTM using European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2003 (EAPD) criteria for diagnosis of MIH. Children at least one first permanent molar affected were considered as having MIH. Data were recorded and statistically analysed using descriptive analysis and Chi square test. Results: Twenty six of the total examined children (n=154) had MIH (16.9%). There was no statistical difference between males and females in the prevalence of MIH. However, a statistical significant difference was found by age groups. The first permanent molars were more frequently affected (58%) as compared to permanent incisors. Mandibular molars were to have the highest rate of MIH (15.5%). The right and left sides were equally affected. Mild defects were the most frequent lesion type (96.6%). Conclusions: This study revealed that MIH is a common condition (16.9%). Molars were more frequently affected than incisors with mild defects were the most common lesion status. Further studies on this defect amongst Malaysian children are worthwhile.
A New Classification System for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Infants to assist Presurgical Infant Orthopedics
Authors: Daigavane PS , Hazarey PV , Niranjane P , Vasudevan SD , Thombare BR , Daigavane S
Published: July 2015

The proposed advantages of pre-surgical naso-alveolar moulding (PNAM) are easy primary lip repair which heals under minimum tension reducing the scar formation and improving the aesthetic results in addition to reshaping of alar cartilage and improvement of nasal symmetry.However, the anatomy and alveolar morphology varies for each cleft child; the procedure for PNAM differs accordingly. In an attempt to categorize unilateral cleft lip and palate cases as per anatomical variations, a new classification system has been proposed. This classification aims to give an insight in unilateral cleft morphology based on which modification in PNAM procedure could be done.
Management Guidelines for Traumatically Injured Teeth during Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Owtad P , Shastry S , Papademetriou M , Park JH
Published: July 2015

This article presents a summary of incident management guidelines for traumatically injured teeth during orthodontic treatment. In addition, treatment of a 17-year-old patient with traumatic extrusion and palatal displacement of the permanent maxillary incisors while undergoing active orthodontic treatment is reported.
Historia y discurso regenerador en a Ilustre Casa de Ramires de Eça de Queirós
Authors: Pasero Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2015

A ilustre casa de Ramires (1900) apresenta uma representação problemática: a situação partidária, a questão moçambicana e certa incongruência das gerações, conformam um universo ficcional ambivalente, cíclico e conflitivo. O que parece questionar se as condições da decadência portuguesa tinham sido ultrapassadas no final do século.

O modelo textual historiográfico é o prefácio à 3ª edição de Portugal contemporâneo (1895). A resposta ao desafio lançado por Oliveira Martins (“Salvar-nos-á Angola, como nos salvou o Brasil no século XVII?”), no contraste epocal e no debate ideológico em torno ao colonialismo, revela intenções mais anatemáticas que reivindicativas.

 

A ilustre casa de Ramires (1900) traces a problematic representation: the situation of the political parties, the Mozambique question, and certain generational incongruence conform a double meaning fictional universe, cyclical and conflictive. This seems to challenge that the conditions of Portuguese decadence had been overcome at end of the century.

The historiografic textual model is the preface for the third edition of Portugal contemporâneo (1895). The answer to the claim proposed by Oliveira Martins (“Salvar-nos-á Angola, como nos salvou o Brasil no século XVII?”), in epochal contrast and in ideological debate about colonialism, reveal more anathematic than replevying intentions.
O Discurso colonial: notas sobre o padre Antônio Vieira
Authors: Freitas Marcus Vinicius De
Published: July 2015

Este artigo propõe que o sistema colonial português estava baseado em uma contradição entre discurso ideológico e interesses econômicos. Essa contradição possuía uma importante função dentro do sistema. Colocados a meio caminho entre portugueses e índios, entre reinóis e filhos nativos de portugueses, entre a mundividência barroca e o senso pragmático mercantilista, os agentes coloniais, tais como o Padre Vieira, representavam em seu discurso essas ambigüidades, as quais, estando na base do sistema colonial, eram igualmente o seu elemento de coesão social.

 

This paper proposes as a matter of discussion that the Portuguese colonial system was based on a contradiction between ideological discourse and economical interests. This contradiction had an important function inside of the colonial system. Placed in the halfway between Portuguese and indians; between reinóis and American born people, between the barroc worldview and the mercantilist pragmatic sense, the colonial agents such as Father Vieira represented in their discourse these ambiguities which were the basis of the colonial society and its element of social cohesion.
Deus, vida e morte em A Paixão Segundo G.H. de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Cook Manuela
Published: July 2015

O presente artigo sobre A Paixão Segundo G.H., de Clarice Lispector, procura penetrar os aspectos fundamentais da mundividência lispectorina. Deste modo, considera a realidade conceptual dentro da qual G.H. existe e actua, dando especial atenção ao conceito de Deus, bem como ao significado que a Vida e a Morte assumem numa indagação empenhada em que se procura transcender as limitações humanas. Em harmonia com processos existencialistas, a autora-narradorapersonagem realiza uma odisseia ontológica através da recriação pessoal de construções culturais estabelecidas. Esta reelaboração criativa aplica-se à língua, a ideias filosóficas vigentes – incluindo a própria corrente existencialista – e à religião, na busca de uma plataforma de consciência que conduza a uma revelação. A doutrina e o ritual cristãos são assim manipulados e reinterpretados num rebaralhar de componentes que possa sugerir novas combinações e lançar nova luz sobre a essência do Ser.

This article on The Passion According G.H. (A Paixão Segundo G.H.), seeks a deep understanding of the Lispectorian image of the world. It looks at the conceptual reality within which G.H. exists and acts. Particular attention is given to the notion of God as well as to the meaning of Life and Death in the quest to transcend one’s own limitations. In harmony with existentialist practice, the author-narrator-character carries out an ontological exploration through a creative use of cultural constructs. This is the case with language, current philosophical ideas – including the Existentialist movement itself – and religion. Christian dogma and ritual are thus manipulated so as to provide a new platform of consciousness where stepping stones can be found that may lead to the unveiling of the essence of Being.
A manutenção da esperança na singularidade de uma escrita plural
Authors: Margato Izabel
Published: July 2015

A particular escrita de José Saramago, construída na pluralidade de outras linguagens e a forma como esse autor, através da literatura, recupera e apresenta a particular leitura que faz das linguagens do mundo, para com ela elaborara a sua invenção do presente.
 The particular writing of Jose Saramago, constructed in the plurality of other voices. The form as this author, through literature, recoups and presents the particular reading that he makes of the languages of the world, with it elaborating its invention of the presente.
O discurso da contradição em Machado de Assis
Authors: Guelfi Maria Lúcia Fernandes
Published: July 2015

Este ensaio pretende mostrar como Machado de Assis, embora historicamente incluído no Realismo, desconstrói as mais importantes convenções literárias adotadas pelos autores desse período: a causalidade e a teleologia da narrativa, a objetividade e a neutralidade dos relatos, o cientificismo do discurso são constantemente desacreditados pela sagaz ironia de seus narradores. Rasurando fronteiras e desmascarando os modos de representação realista, as narrativas de Machado de Assis questionam a oposição entre alguns conceitos como realidade e ficção, verdade e fantasia, contexto social e imaginário, razão e loucura. A ambigüidade e a contradição que emergem de seus textos instalam a suspeita na mente de seus leitores e os obrigam a reconstruírem constantemente sua visão de mundo. Assim, Machado de Assis problematiza a ilusão referencial, o que confere à sua obra uma excepcional contemporaneidade.

This paper attempts to show how Machado de Assis, although historically included in Realism, deconstructs the most important literary conventions adopted by the authors of that period: the narrative causality and teleology, the objectivity and neutrality of the accounts, the scientism of the speech are constantly discredited by the sagacious irony of his narrators. By erasing boundaries and unmasking the realistic modes of representation, Machado de Assis’ narratives discuss the opposition between some concepts like reality and fiction, truth and fantasy, social context and imaginary, reason and madness. The ambiguity and contradiction that come up out his texts install the suspicion in the readers mind and compel them often to rebuild their vision of the world. So, Machado de Assis problematizes the referential delusion, what gives his work a exceptional contemporaneity.
CAIXA POSTAL 1500 : ANO 446 DA ERA DA DEGLUTIÇÃO DO BISPO SARDINHA, PELO OFICINÃO GALPÃO
Authors: Alves Júnia De Castro Magalhães
Published: July 2015

Leitura da peça Caixa Postal 1500, que retrata um olhar coletivo sobre o caráter, a formação e a colonização do Brasil. O texto é assinado por uma equipe composta de professores da UFMG (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) e produzido pela Oficina de Atores e de Dramaturgia do Grupo Galpão – 1999. A montagem é um encontro de história, música, teatro e literatura, no qual o “Manifesto antropófago” de Oswald de Andrade recebe lugar de destaque.
 This essay is a reading of the play Caixa Postal 1500, which portrays a collective look over the Brazilian character, its formation and the colonization of the country. The text is signed by 10 UFMG (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) professors and produced by a Brazilian (mineiro) theatre group, named Oficina de Atores e de Dramaturgia do Grupo Galpão – 1999. The staging is a meeting of history, music, theatre and literature, in which Oswald de Andrade’s “Manifesto antropófago” (“Antropophagic manifest”, a reaction against European colonization) is duely emphasized.
CONSTRUÇÃO E DESCONSTRUÇÃO NO DISCURSO DE ALGUNS ESTRANGEIROS DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Rocha Helenice Maria Reis
Published: July 2015

Procurei flagrar a construção e desconstrução no discurso de viajantes do século XIX por ocasião da sua passagem pelo Brasil. Visando detectar as contradições desse discurso tomei como parâmetro, para esse fim, a relação homem x natureza e a relação desses estrangeiros com os homens da Terra. Registrei a passagem da idéia de uma natureza paradisíaca para a de um locus horrendos, tanto quanto a passagem da visão de um homem cordial para uma posição um pouco mais ambígua. As ambigüidades do olhar do estrangeiro são flagradas também na visão que se tem do índio brasileiro e do homem do sertão. Fixei o meu estudo no século XIX porque preferi ver o momento da desconstrução dos discursos oficiais uma vez que estamos falando de um momento no qual já se passaram quatro séculos da descoberta.

Procuré captar la construcción y desconstrucción en el discurso de viajeros del siglo XIX en ocasión de su paso por Brasil. Persiguiendo detectar las contradicciones de ese discurso escogí como parámetro, para ese fin, la relación hombrenaturaleza y la relación de esos extranjeros con los nativos. Registré el paso de la idea de una naturaleza paradisíaca para la de un locus horrendus, tanto como el paso de la visión de un hombre cordial para una posición un poco más ambigua. Las ambigüedades de la visión del extranjero son captadas también en la visión que se tiene del indio brasileño y del hombre de tierra adentro. Centré mi estudio en el siglo XIX porque preferi ver el momento de la desconstrucción de los discursos oficiales una vez que estamos hablando de un momento en el cual ya pasaron cuatro siglos del descubrimento.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DO HERÓI EM DE GESTIS MENDI SAA E EM OS LUSÍADAS
Authors: Silva Ana Paula
Published: July 2015

De Gestis Mendi Saa e Os Lusíadas foram escritos em contextos de grandes conquistas em Portugal, sempre justificadas pela necessidade de propagar a fé católica. Em Os Lusíadas, Vasco da Gama comanda a frota naval na conquista dos mares, mas é o povo português – cuja nação é escolhida por Deus – o verdadeiro herói da epopéia. Em De Gestis Men di Saa, Mendi Saa comanda a luta pela submissão dos índios à fé católica, mas o herói glorificado é Cristo Rei. Pretendemos, neste trabalho, apresentar comparações entre De Gestis Mendi Saa e Os Lusíadas, analisando a condição mítica e humana dos heróis anchietano e camoniano.

De Gestis Mendi Saa and Os Lusíadas were written in the same context, e.g., Portugal great conquests, always justified by the need of propagating the catholic faith. In Os Lusíadas, Vasco da Gama commands the fleet in the sea conquests, but the portuguese people are the hero. In De Gestis Mendi Saa, Mendi Saa commands the fight for indian’s submission to catholic faith, but the hero is Jesus Christ. This work was conducted out to compare these poems, analysing the two heroes.