bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Watershed Subdivision and Antecedent Moisture Condition on HEC-HMS Model Performance in the Maha Oya Basin, Sri Lanka
Authors: Kamran M. , Rajapakse RL.H.L.
Published: August 2021

In large scale watersheds, the accuracy level of medium and low flow simulation could decrease due to uncertainty of the watershed parameters. In hydrological modeling, sub division of watershed would help to better implement decision-making related to water resources management, which relies heavily on hydrologic simulations. However, an important concern will be raised over problems associated with lumped hydrologic models with watershed subdivision broadly applied in so called semi-distributed hydrological models since scale issues would significantly affect model performance, and thus, lead to dramatic variations in simulation results. It is important to achieve the appropriate level of sub divisions (discretization). Further at times, the resulting flood level can be much higher than expected, due to storm events. This is unprecedented and the reason may be due to saturated moisture level in the soil layer. Therefore, the Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) is an important parameter to be investigated to check the accuracy and possibility of further improvement of the model. In this paper, Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) was used for continuous simulation to investigate the effect of watershed subdivision on the model performance. Further, the antecedent moisture condition (AMC) events were used to study the impacts of AMC on the model performance. Badalgama watershed is selected as study area in Maha Oya Basin in Sri Lanka. Spatial extents of Maha Oya Basin and Badalgama watershed are 1553 km² and 1272 km², respectively. Four rainfall stations and one river gauging station were selected in Badalgama watershed. Nash–Sutcliffe (NASH) coefficient and Mean Ratio of Absolute Error (MRAE) were selected as objective functions for modeling. The main focus was on MRAE, as the objective function, but Nash coefficient was also estimated and checked for comparison. In particular, results show that generally the accuracy of the model decreased from six to sixteen sub divisions, which shows that variation in the total number of sub watersheds had very little effect on runoff hydrographs and improvements generally disappear when the number of subdivisions reaches a relatively small number, approximately between six and sixteen sub-watersheds. The accuracy of the model with AMC-III increased by 12.04% when compared to AMC-II hence showing more reliable results as compared with AMC-II condition. In this research, recession method was used for base flow estimation, which led to mass balance error exceeding 20%. Therefore it is recommended that for improving the accuracy, linear reservoir method for base flow estimation should be used in order to conserve the water balance and AMC-III should be used for fully saturated soil instead of AMC-II.
A Compression Original Image Based On The DDWT Technique And Enhancement SNR
Authors: Nahar A. K.
Published: August 2021

Generally, Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are good perform a when little to no simple mathematical operations in the wavelet basis, in many applications, wavelet transforms can be severely truncated compressed and retain useful information Image compression. Though, DWT and the divided wavelet transform, still suffering from Poor directionality Lack of phase information, and Shift- sensitivity, which is a major drawback in most the communications systems. The Double-Density Discrete Wavelet Transform (DDDWT) achieves great results compared to previous conventional methods less complexity. Credited with this good result, so due to a simplified account that deal with two-dimensional and three-dimensional images by the way and transformation matrices as if through a matrix multiplication between the picture and the conversion of number DDWT. Moreover, the form of repeated goal is achieved with the optimization process for the appropriate application.
Determination of Factors Affecting Extraction of Rebaudioside A & Stevioside from Stevia Leaves
Authors: Muthusamy Kalaiarasan , Abdul Munaim Mimi Sakinah
Published: August 2021

Solid-liquid extraction is a recovery process in which the extracting solvent will recover certain components from a solid material. In this study, three extracting solvents were used which are absolute ethanol, acetone and distilled water. These solvents extracted two sweet components, Rebaudioside A and stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana. These two components can be converted into natural sweetener with zero calorie which does not affect blood glucose level. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum value of parameters to extract the highest amount of steviol glycosides. The extraction was done in 3 phases. First phase was to determine the best ratio between stevia and extracting solvent, second phase determined the best extracting time and third phase was to obtain the optimum temperature. From this study, ethanol proved to be the best extracting solvent. Ethanol extraction of Rebaudioside A and stevioside in the most suitable condition (ratio 1:25, 1 hour and 40℃) produced 12.48% of stevioside and 0.57% of Rebaudioside A.
Comparative docking studies of rosmarinic acid and sinesitin to inhibit HSP70
Authors: Nazari V. Mansoureh , Mahmood Syed , Raman Subashini
Published: August 2021

The HSP70 family of heat shock proteins consists of molecular chaperones of approximately 70kDa in size that serve critical roles in protein homeostasis. These adenosine triphosphatases unfold misfolded or denatured proteins and can keep these proteins in an unfolded, folding-competent state. They also protect nascently translating proteins, promote the cellular or organellar transport of proteins, reduce proteotoxic protein aggregates and serve general housekeeping roles in maintaining protein homeostasis. The HSP70 family is the most conserved in evolution, and all eukaryotes contain multiple members.  the HSP70 family of proteins can be thought of as a potent buffering system for cellular stress either from extrinsic (physiological, viral and environmental) or intrinsic (replicative or oncogenic) stimuli. Not surprisingly, cancer cells rely heavily on this buffering system for survival. The overwhelming majority of human tumours overexpress HSP70 family members, and expression of these proteins is typically a marker for poor prognosis.
Preliminary Study on the Prioritization of Asset Integrity Elements for Catastrophic Industrial Accident’s Warning Signs Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Ramli Azizan , Amran Siti Hawa , Sulaiman Nurul Sa'aadah
Published: August 2021

The catastrophic incident is a big event with high level of consequences and it is defined as either natural or man-made. Therefore, in appreciating the importance of disaster management cycle of the preparedness phase, recognizing the warning signs is one of the considerable means to avoid huge losses in term of property damage and human life. Thus, this study is to emphasize on asset integrity elements based on the “Incident Warning Sign Self- Assessment Tool” of the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS-AlChE). The aim is to conduct the preliminary study on prioritizing the importance level of these elements and determine the weightage of each. A set of questions was constructed and distributed to the safety experts from the selected process industries located at East Coast region of West Malaysia. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used as a response analysis tool. The relevant data were derived using pairwise comparison analysis. The findings show that the weightage for “alarm & safety system” (0.219) and “maintenance’ (0.212) are at the highest priority amongst other clusters. The finding indicates that these two factors ought to be at the apex of the mitigations and preparedness measures which require an immediate attention.
Effect on Thermal Properties of Nanocellulose Fibre (NCF) Reinforced Biodegradable Polyhydroxylalkanoates (PHA) Composite
Authors: Nazaruddin N. S. , Jamari S. S.
Published: August 2021

Currently, biodegradable materials like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and polylactic acid (PLA) are receiving huge attention from the both scientific and industrial sectors. However, since PHA has poor thermal properties, there is a shortfall in the exploration of PHA ability with filler. Therefore, this research aim is to investigate the thermal effect of nanocellulose fiber (NCF) fillers with PHA polymer. The first solution of PHA composite is prepared by dissolving 1g of PHA in 40mL of dichloromethane at 30°C for 10 minutes. The PHA-NCF composite solution is prepared by adding 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%, and 4wt% of NCF dissolved in 40 mL of dichloromethane into the PHA solution. The mixture solution is agitated at 45°C with a magnetic stirrer for 10 minutes. The mixture is poured into a petri dish. The prepared films were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy, (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA).  The FTIR analysis shows that all PHA/NCF composite samples contain similar functional groups when compared with the pure PHA. No significant changes on the thermal properties of the PHA composite was observed with the addition of NCF fillers. However, comparison within the PHA/NCF samples shows that the PHA with 2% of NCF has a higher melting temperature and requires the highest enthalpy of melting. Hence, the addition of 2% of NCF is selected to be the optimum amount of NCF filler addition to the PHA composite.
Utilizing Three Different Biochars for Attenuation of Toxic Acidic Mine Spoils Reflected by Lixiviate Quality Vis-a-Vis Phyto-Toxicity on Ocimum sanctum and Cassia angustifolia
Authors: Jain Silphi , Yadav Vineet , Mishra Dish , Kumar Birendra , Deshmukh Yogita , Nigam Nidhi , Khare Puja
Published: August 2021

Acidic mine rejects of pyretic sulphur coal mines were treated with biochar prepared from different feedstocks (distilled waste of Cymbopogonflexuosus (lemongrass) and Cymbopogonwinterianus (Citronella) and the bark of Eucalyptuscitriodora. The quality of lixiviate collected at three intervals (0, 15, and 30 days) from each treated and untreated mine waste was examined, and holy basil (Ocimumsanctum) and East Indian senna (Cassiaangustifolia) bioassays were carried out. Results indicate that all three biochars improve the lixiviate quality, i.e., Enhanced the pH of lixiviate up to 3 units and reduces phytotoxicity. However, their magnitude of impact on lixiviates quality and phytotoxicity was different. The biochar prepared from the distilled waste of Cymbopogonflexuosus showed more promising results. The neutralizing capacity and dissolved organic carbon content were the significant factors for the discrimination of the amendments. The tolerance of O. sanctum and C. angustifolia was significantly different from each other for a particular treatment.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MAGNETIC SYSTEMS OF PERMANENT MAGNET MOTORS FOR TRAM
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Grebenikov V.V. , Gamaliia R.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Dadychyn S.A. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: August 2021

A numerical study of eight configurations of magnetic systems of electric motors with permanent magnets for driving a tram was carried out. The permanent magnet electric motor can be used as a high-speed electric drive to replace the existing DC electric drive of a tram, and as a low-speed gearless electric drive of a new generation tram. The most promising configurations of magnetic systems of electric motors with permanent magnets for tram drive have been determined. By varying the geometrical and winding parameters of each of the investigated models of electric motors, the mechanical characteristics are determined, at which the given torque and power are achieved in the entire range of the rotor speed. Also, a thermal calculation was performed taking into account the urban driving cycle of high-speed electric motors with air cooling by a fan and low-speed ones in liquid cooling mode. The calculation of the characteristics of the investigated electric motors was carried out in the Simcentre MotorSolve software package. References 13, figures 8, tables 3.
ENERGY INDICATORS OF AXIAL INDUCTION DISK-SHAPED MOTOR FOR SHIP RADARS
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Kryshchuk R.S. , Gavryluk S.I. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Tsugankova A.A. ,   National university of food technologies, Volodymyrska str., 68, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
Published: August 2021

The development of a reliable gearless electric drive for antennas of ship radars is an important problem. To solve the problem, this article proposes to use an axial induction motor (AIM) with a massive bimetallic disk-shaped rotor. The AIM model is presented, which consists of three computational domains with the boundary condition of symmetry. To calculate the electromagnetic field, a well-known analytical method of integral transformations is used taking into account the variable along the radial coordinate of the linear speed of the rotor. Ready-to-use expressions are presented for the development of a program for the numerical calculation of the magnetic field and energy characteristics of the motor. Algorithm is developed for calculating the dimensions of the AIM, operating at different speeds with a frequency converter. The numerical calculation program is used to calculate the dimensions AIM. It uses well-known recommendations for the parameters of the electromagnetic field in the magnetic core and in the air gap. The calculation of the dimensions of the AIM for ship radars “Mius” is performed. The dependence of the efficiency on the current frequency for different rotor’s frequencies is investigated. The energy indicators of the AIM are investigated at a variable torque on the shaft and at different rotor speeds. The parameters of the power source for the AIM of ship radars are established. References 20, figures 5, tables 3.
Children With Special Health Care Needs and Forgone Family Employment
Authors: Foster Carolyn C. , Chorniy Anna , Kwon Soyang , Kan Kristin , Heard-Garris Nia , Davis Matthew M.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Family income is known to affect child health, but this relationship can be bidirectional. We sought to characterize this relationship by quantifying forgone family employment (FFE) due to a child’s health condition in families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with updated figures.

METHODS

We conducted a secondary data analysis from the 2016–2017 National Survey of Children’s Health. CSHCN with previously employed caregivers were included (N = 14 050). FFE was defined as any family member having stopped work and/or reduced hours because of their child’s health or health condition. Child, caregiver, and household characteristics were compared by FFE status. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between hours of medical care provide by a family member and FFE. US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports were used to estimate lost earnings from FFE.

RESULTS

FFE occurred in 14.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.9%–16.1%) of previously employed families with CSHCN and was 40.9% (95% CI 27.1%–54.7%) for children with an intellectual disability. We observed disproportionately high FFE among CSHCN who were 0 to 5 years old and of Hispanic ethnicity. We found a strong association between FFE and increasing hours of family-provided medical care, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.72 (95% CI 1.25–2.36) for <1 hour per week (compared with 0 hours), an aOR of 5.96 (95% CI 4.30–8.27) for 1 to 4 hours per week, an aOR of 11.89 (95% CI 6.19–22.81) for 5 to 10 hours per week, and an aOR of 8.89 (95% CI 5.26–15.01) for >10 hours per week. Lost earnings for each household with FFE were estimated at ∼$18 000 per year.

CONCLUSIONS

With our findings, we highlight the need to implement programs and policies that address forgone income experienced by families of CSHCN.
Spectrum of ocular manifestations and visual outcomes of neurosyphilis among 53 patients
Authors: Pinto Tatiana Vaz Leite , Gomes Neto Antônio Pereira , Cunha Matheus Nader , Bernardino Letícia Moreira , Christo Paulo Pereira
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Background: In the era of the re-emergence of syphilis, ocular syphilis has gained attention because its prevalence has increased and it can cause blindness and disability. Objectives: To investigate the clinical presentation and prognosis of ocular syphilis. Methods: Prospective study on 53 patients (90 eyes) with ocular syphilis diagnosed at the Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations of the disease and on serological markers (positive serum treponemal and non-treponemal tests or two positive treponemal tests). Results: Thirty-five eyes (66%) were from men and the mean age was 45.3 ± 12.0 years. HIV coinfection was confirmed in 10 patients (18.9%). Forty-four (84.9%) had VDRL titers ≥ 1:32. Bilateral ocular involvement occurred in 68%. Optic neuritis was diagnosed in 51.7% of the eyes and uveitis in 48.2%. Regarding visual acuity, the median baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) was 1 (20/200 Snellen), while after antibiotic therapy, the median was 0.2 (20/30 Snellen). Poor visual acuity after treatment, defined as the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; logMAR 1; 20/200 Snellen) or worse, was associated with severe BCVA at presentation (below logMAR 1.3; 20/400 Snellen) (p = 0.001) and age over 50 years (p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study confirms the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of ocular syphilis. The most frequent form was optic neuritis, an important differential diagnosis from other causes of inflammatory neuritis. Early diagnosis is essential, given that this is a treatable condition with excellent visual recovery in most cases.
Evaluation of diagnosis and treatment practices of Brazilian neurologists among patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Marin Cássia Elisa , Callegaro Dagoberto , Lana-Peixoto Marco Aurélio , Fernández Oscar , Gomes Neto Antonio Pereira , Vasconcelos Claudia Cristina Ferreira , d’Almeida José Artur Costa , Gonçalves Marcus Vinícius Magno , Mendes Maria Fernanda , Parolin Mônica Koncke Fiuza , Nascimento Osvaldo , Gama Paulo Diniz da , Dias-Carneiro Rafael Paternò Castello , Dias Ronaldo Maciel , Damasceno Alfredo , Becker Jefferson
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Recent changes to the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) and new medications have had a major impact on the way in which specialists manage the disease. Objective: To investigate factors considered by Brazilian neurologists in managing MS, and to identify how these contribute to diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Potential participants were selected by a steering committee (MS experts who developed this survey). Only MS specialists were included in the study (neurologists who had completed a neuroimmunology fellowship or who were treating more than 30 MS patients). Links to the online questionnaire were distributed between March 2019 and January 2020. This questionnaire was composed of sections with hypothetical MS scenarios. Results: Neurologists from 13 Brazilian states responded to the survey (n = 94). In the clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) scenario, the respondents agreed to treat patients with a high risk of MS diagnosis, whereas in the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) half of the respondents opted not to treat, even among high-risk patients. In cases of low-activity relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), the choice of treatment was distributed among interferon beta, glatiramer acetate and teriflunomide, which were changed to fingolimod and natalizumab, as RRMS severity increased. The topics in which disagreement was found included practices regarding use of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for pregnant patients and the washout period required for some DMTs. Conclusions: This study enabled identification of areas of agreement and disagreement about MS treatment among Brazilian neurologists, which can be used to update future protocols and improve patient management.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Modified Tardieu Scale for muscle tone assessment among patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Santos Patrícia Lima do Amaral , Gaspar Roberta Caveiro , Padula Natália , Almeida Daniela Melo , Voos Mariana Callil
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Assessment of muscle tone is of great importance for evaluating people with spinal injuries. Objective: To translate and adapt the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) to Brazilian Portuguese and validate its use for evaluating patients with spinal cord injury. Methods: The translation and adaptation of the “Escala de Tardieu Modificada” went through the steps of translation, translation synthesis, back-translation and expert committee meeting. Two evaluators rated the tone of the elbow flexors/extensors, wrist extensors, knee flexors/extensors and ankle plantar flexors of 51 patients with spinal cord injury. These patients were reevaluated after one week. Validation included intra and inter-rater reliability (ICC) and internal and external consistency. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) was used in the evaluations, to investigate the correlations. Results: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the MTS is presented in this study. ICCs ranged from 0.60 to 0.99 (intra and inter-examiner) and there was a moderate to strong correlation with MAS. Conclusions: The MTS proved to be adequate for assessing the muscle tone of people with spinal cord injury in Brazil.
Use of non-invasive stimulation in movement disorders: a critical review
Authors: Godeiro Clecio , França Carina , Carra Rafael Bernhart , Saba Felipe , Saba Roberta , Maia Débora , Brandão Pedro , Allam Nasser , Rieder Carlos R. M. , Freitas Fernando Cini , Capato Tamine , Spitz Mariana , Faria Danilo Donizete de , Cordellini Marcela , Veiga Beatriz A. A. G. , Rocha Maria Sheila G. , Maciel Ricardo , Melo Lucio B. De , Möller Patricia D. S. , R. R. Júnior Magno , Fornari Luís H. T. , Mantese Carlos E. , Barbosa Egberto Reis , Munhoz Renato P. , Coletta Marcus Vinicius Della , Cury Rubens Gisbert
Published: August 2021

Abstract Background: Noninvasive stimulation has been widely used in the past 30 years to study and treat a large number of neurological diseases, including movement disorders. Objective: In this critical review, we illustrate the rationale for use of these techniques in movement disorders and summarize the best medical evidence based on the main clinical trials performed to date. Methods: A nationally representative group of experts performed a comprehensive review of the literature in order to analyze the key clinical decision-making factors driving transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in movement disorders. Classes of evidence and recommendations were described for each disease. Results: Despite unavoidable heterogeneities and low effect size, TMS is likely to be effective for treating motor symptoms and depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The efficacy in other movement disorders is unclear. TMS is possibly effective for focal hand dystonia, essential tremor and cerebellar ataxia. Additionally, it is likely to be ineffective in reducing tics in Tourette syndrome. Lastly, tDCS is likely to be effective in improving gait in PD. Conclusions: There is encouraging evidence for the use of noninvasive stimulation on a subset of symptoms in selected movement disorders, although the means to optimize protocols for improving positive outcomes in routine clinical practice remain undetermined. Similarly, the best stimulation paradigms and responder profile need to be investigated in large clinical trials with established therapeutic and assessment paradigms that could also allow genuine long-term benefits to be determined.
Genetics of Parkinson’s disease in Brazil: a systematic review of monogenic forms
Authors: Santos-Lobato Bruno L. , Schumacher-Schuh Artur , Mata Ignacio F. , Letro Grace H. , Braga-Neto Pedro , Brandão Pedro R. P. , Godeiro-Junior Clécio O. , Coletta Marcus V. Della , Camargos Sarah T. , Borges Vanderci , Rieder Carlos R. M. , Tumas Vitor
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Increasing numbers of mutations causing monogenic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been described, mostly among patients in Europe and North America. Since genetic architecture varies between different populations, studying the specific genetic profile of Brazilian patients is essential for improving genetic counseling and for selecting patients for clinical trials. Objective: We conducted a systematic review to identify genetic studies on Brazilian patients and to set a background for future studies on monogenic forms of PD in Brazil. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to December 2019 using terms for "Parkinson's disease", "genetics" and "Brazil". Two independent reviewers extracted the data. For the genes LRRK2 and PRKN, the estimated prevalence was calculated for each study, and a meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 32 studies were included, comprising 94 Brazilian patients with PD with a causative mutation, identified from among 2,872 screened patients (3.2%). PRKN mutations were causative of PD in 48 patients out of 576 (8.3%). LRRK2 mutations were identified in 40 out of 1,556 patients (2.5%), and p.G2019S was the most common mutation (2.2%). Conclusions: PRKN is the most common autosomal recessive cause of PD, and LRRK2 is the most common autosomal dominant form. We observed that there was a lack of robust epidemiological studies on PD genetics in Brazil and, especially, that the diversity of Brazil’s population had not been considered.
“Se você pegar locais de maior periferia, esqueça!”: a (falta de) atuação pelo direito humano à alimentação adequada na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Guerra Lúcia Dias da Silva , Botelho Fernanda Cangussu , Cervato-Mancuso Ana Maria
Published: August 2021

Este estudo visou compreender as formas de atuação profissional e as propostas de ações para a efetivação do direito humano à alimentação adequada (DHAA) no contexto da atenção primária à saúde (APS). A partir da abordagem qualitativa, conduzimos entrevistas semiestruturadas (no período de maio de 2013 a julho de 2014) com profissionais da saúde que desenvolvem grupos educativos sobre alimentação e nutrição na APS da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Realizamos análise de conteúdo buscando identificar as ações propostas em torno da alimentação e tomando como base teórica o DHAA. Identificamos três categorias de atuação profissional a partir das propostas de ações em alimentação e nutrição. A primeira tem a alimentação como dimensão biomédica. A segunda está focada no acesso e disponibilidade de alimentos no território. A terceira tem a realidade alimentar local, dos usuários, centrada na atuação em equipe. Dentre as propostas de ações, havia aquelas para serem realizadas pelos portadores de obrigações do DHAA (profissionais da APS) e aquelas para os próprios titulares do direito executarem (usuários da APS no Sistema Único de Saúde). A alimentação em contextos de pobreza é tratada como um problema sem solução. Este estudo permitiu aproximações entre “o que fazer” e “como atuar” a partir das formas de apropriação da alimentação por meio das concepções, da atuação profissional e das propostas de ações para a efetivação do DHAA na APS. Além disso, possibilitou elucidar a necessidade de compreensão da alimentação como um direito humano e do fortalecimento da responsabilidade dos profissionais da APS como agentes portadores de obrigações do DHAA no contexto das políticas sociais.
Chromium and energy restriction as substitutes for ractopamine in finishing gilts diet
Authors: Farias Taynah Vieira Aguiar , Kiefer Charles , Nascimento Karina Marcia Ribeiro de Souza , Corassa Anderson , Alencar Stephan Alexander da Silva , Rodrigues Gabriela Puhl , Silva Jéssica Lira da , Santos Alexandre Pereira dos
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated chromium supplements and energy restriction as substitutes for ractopamine in the diets of late finishing gilts. Sixty gilts were used, with initial weights of 98.87 ± 0.25 kg and final weights of 122.69 ± 10.97 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with five diets: control; yeast chromium (0.8 ppm); chromium picolinate (0.48 ppm); ractopamine (20 ppm) and energy restriction (reduction of 150 kcal of EM kg-1 of feed), with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Feeding diet containing ractopamine enabled better (P<0.05) feed conversion and greater weights of the hot carcass of the gilts. The diet containing ractopamine exhibited a lower (P<0.05) cost of feed per kilogram of gain and higher economic efficiency, when compared to diets containing chromium and energy restriction; these exhibited better outcomes, compared to the control diet. Diets supplemented with chromium and ractopamine resulted in a higher (P<0.05) percentage and quantity of lean meat and a higher rate of carcass bonus, when compared to the control diet and energy restriction. The energy reduction did not harm the gilts’ responses, compared to the control diet. Ractopamine supplementation allowed for a better feed conversion, lower feed cost per kilogram of gain, and a higher economic efficiency index. Supplements of chromium and ractopamine increased the percentage and quantity of lean meat and the bonus index of the carcasses. Therefore, chromium picolinate and chromium yeast are potential substitutes for ractopamine for optimizing the gilts carcass characteristics.
Arroz, protagonismo africano e a transformação ecológica das Américas
Authors: Carney Judith A. , Watkins Case
Published: August 2021

Resumen A publicação em 2001 do livro “Black rice: The African origins of rice cultivation in the Americas” desencadeou um animado debate entre acadêmicos dos EUA. A sua tese é de que os escravos africanos contribuíram para a história agrária do Novo Mundo muito mais do que com o mero trabalho. Segundo “Black rice”, foram os cultivadores de arroz oriundos da África ocidental que iniciaram a cultura do arroz nas Américas, onde aplicaram a sua experiência com a espécie africana de arroz na produção de um de seus alimentos básicos preferidos. Este texto resume o debate acadêmico que resultou da publicação de “Black rice” e avalia as suas influências teóricas e metodológicas evidenciadas em estudos subsequentes do conhecimento e protagonismo africanos na transferência e na transformação de plantas, paisagens, agricultura e gastronomia nas Américas. O artigo culmina com uma atualização da tese do “Black rice” a partir dos resultados de pesquisas acumulados nas últimas duas décadas.
The Mote and the Beam
Authors: Walsh Donald Devenish
Published: August 2021

Teachers of foreign languages in the United States, it may be assumed, are convinced that foreign-language teaching is a good thing. But this conviction is not shared by all the people who do not teach foreign languages. Teachers of other subjects, principals, superintendents, school committees, and the general public do not always see eye to eye with us on this question. Their defective vision, this mote in our brother's eye, is of natural and paramount concern to us as we peer around the edge of our own smallish beam.
Dryden's Prologue and Epilogue to Mithridates, Revived
Authors: Smith John Harrington
Published: August 2021

Dryden's prologues and epilogues have always been much admired, but, on the whole, rather negligently studied by scholars. The editors of the William Andrews Clark Edition of Dryden's Works, now in preparation, hope that it will provide for these poems, as well as for Dryden's more important works, better texts and notes than those presently available. The possibility that an edition may add substantially to the findings of its predecessors will perhaps appear from the case of the prologue and epilogue to Nathaniel Lee's Mithridates, as revived by the King's Company in 1681.
Body and Mind in Euskara: Contrasting 'dialogic' and 'monologic' subjectivities
Authors: Frank Roslyn M
Published: August 2021

It is well recognized that the Basque language represents the most archaic linguistic stratum of Western Europe. As such it provides a fertile ground for investigating the way that indigenous cognitive frames of perception, abundantly manifest in lexical and morpho-syntactic structures of Euskara, have been modified over time by contact with Western frames of understanding and cultural conceptualizations. During the past hundred years large numbers of Basque speakers have ceased being monolingual and become bilingual speakers in Spanish or French and the resulting contacts between the two cognitive frames of reference have resulted in mixed usages, speakers who alternate between the indigenous model and the contact model. This alternation is especially prevalent in terms of the way that physical sensations are perceived and portrayed, that is, the way that the relationship between 'body' and 'mind' is represented linguistically. The indigenous frames are congruent with a conceptualization of self and selfhood defined as 'dialogic subjectivity' whereas the contact frames are represented by a kind of 'monologic subjectivity'. These contrasting frames are discussed and analyzed using concrete linguistic examples drawn from contemporary usage as well as historically attested sources.
Emancipación y regulación. Tensión básica en la comunicación-educación latinoamericana
Authors: Gutiérrez Gilberto Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Este artículo de reflexión es resultado de la tesis doctoral “Sentidos comunes. Saberes y experiencias de maestros y maestras en el campo comunicación-educación en Bogotá”. Mediante una exploración desde América Latina de la relación comunicación-educación es posible reconocer que en la genealogía de sus saberes y prácticas existe una marca profunda de la tensión entre emancipación y regulación, la cual a la vez constituye una comprensión de la lucha dialéctica entre horizontes y proyectos formativos y las formas de la construcción de sentidos en la sociedad. Desde una epistemología del sur y en diálogo entre Freire y Bourdieu, quienes asumen concepciones opuestas acerca de la formación y el sentido dentro de la sociedad, este artículo ratifica a la comunicación-educación como ámbito estratégico de la acción política, la liberación y la resistencia en América Latina.
Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis v1
Authors: Bellos Ioannis , Pandita Aakash
Published: August 2021

Therapeutic cooling represents the main treatment strategy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in developed countries, although its efficacy and safety in low- and middle-income countries remain unclear. The present meta-analysis aims to gather the available evidence in the field and assess whether therapeutic hypothermia is able to reduce mortality in neonates from low- and middle-income countries. The effects in other clinical outcomes, such as disability, sepsis, thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage will be also evaluated. The credibility of evidence will be appraised using the GRADE approach.
Solution of a Two-Layer Flow Problem with Inhomogeneous Evaporation at the Thermocapillary Interface
Authors:   Institute of Computational Modelling SB RAS, Bekezhanova Victoria B. , Goncharova Olga N. , Shefer Ilya A.
Published: August 2021

The Ostroumov–Birikh type exact solution of thermodiffusion convection equations is constructed in the frame of mathematical model considering evaporation through the liquid–gas interface and the influence of direct and inverse thermodiffusion effects. It is interpreted as a solution describing steady flow of evaporating liquid driven by co-current gas-vapor flux on a working section of a plane horizontal channel. Functional form of required functions is presented. An algorithm for finding all the constants and parameters contained in the solution is outlined, and their explicit expressions are written. The solution is derived for the case of vapor absorption on the upper wall of the channel which is set with the help of the first kind boundary condition for the function of vapor concentration. Applicability field of the solution is briefly discussed
The Regularity of the Solutions of Inverse Problems for the Pseudoparabolic Equation
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Lyubanova Anna Sh.
Published: August 2021

The paper discusses the regularity of the solutions to the inverse problems on finding unknown coefficients dependent on t in the pseudoparabolic equation of the third order with an additional information on the boundary. By the regularity is meant the continuous dependence of the solution on the input data of the inverse problem. The regularity of the solution is proved for two inverse problems of recovering the unknown coefficient in the second order term and the leader term of the linear pseudoparabolic equation
Boundary Value Problems for Fourth-Order Sobolev Type Equations
Authors:   Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Kozhanov Alexander I.
Published: August 2021

The goal of the article is the study of solvability in the Sobolev spaces of boundary value problems for some classes of Sobolev-type fourth-order linear equations. We will prove that an initial boundary value problems well problems with data both at the initial time moment and the final time moments can be well-posed for the equations under study
Inverse Problem for Source Function in Parabolic Equation at Neumann Boundary Conditions
Authors:   Institute of Computational Modelling SB RAS, Andreev Victor K. ,   Siberian Federal Uniersity
Published: August 2021

The second initial-boundary value problem for a parabolic equation is under study. The term in the source function, depending only on time, is to be unknown. It is shown that in contrast to the standard Neumann problem, for the inverse problem with integral overdetermination condition the convergence of it nonstationary solution to the corresponding stationary one is possible for natural restrictions on the input problem data
Analysis of the Boundary Value and Control Problems for Nonlinear Reaction–Diffusion–Convection Equation
Authors:   Institute of Applied Mathematics FEB RAS, Alekseev Gennady V. , Brizitskii Roman V.
Published: August 2021

The global solvability of the inhomogeneous mixed boundary value problem and control problems for the reaction–diffusion–convection equation are proved in the case when the reaction coefficient nonlinearly depends on the concentration. The maximum and minimum principles are established for the solution of the boundary value problem. The optimality systems are derived and the local stability estimates of optimal solutions are established for control problems with specific reaction coefficients
On some Inverse Parabolic Problems with Pointwise Overdetermination
Authors:   Yugra State University, Pyatkov Sergey G.
Published: August 2021

We examine well-posedness questions in the Sobolev spaces of inverse problems of recovering coefficients depending on time in a parabolic system. The overdetermination conditions are values of a solution at some collection of points lying inside the domain and on its boundary. The conditions obtained ensure existence and uniqueness of solutions to these problems in the Sobolev classes
A região turística da Baixada Fluminense (RJ): entre o verde e a violência
Authors: Kalaoum Fausi , Trigo Luiz Gonzaga Godoi
Published: August 2021

A Baixada Fluminense, localizada no entorno da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e integrada como região metropolitana em conjunto com a capital, é retratada no imaginário e no real como território de subdesenvolvimento, atraso, pobreza e violência. Apesar dessa realidade violenta, no segundo semestre de 2017, dez dos treze municípios da Baixada Fluminense foram agrupados ineditamente em uma nova região turística do estado, batizada como Baixada Verde. O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi investigar os principais entraves ou pontos fracos para o desenvolvimento do turismo na região. A partir da suposição de que a violência e a ausência de segurança pública são os principais problemas para o desenvolvimento da atividade turística, a metodologia desse trabalho foi delineada. Foi utilizada nessa pesquisa revisão de literatura a respeito da história e da violência na Baixada. Como principal técnica que levou à análise e discussão de resultados está a aplicação de entrevistas estruturadas e com 8 entrevistados escolhidos não aleatoriamente, mas devido aos cargos de trabalho que ocupam e posteriormente analisadas sob a ótica da análise de conteúdo. O resultado alcançado reforça a suposição da violência como problemática, mas tem destaque em outros achados como a falta ou precária tanto infraestrutura, quanto planejamento, além de pouco investimento e falta de vontade política de desenvolver o turismo na região.
Promoting descending and ascending axonal outgrowth from peripheral nerve grafts after spinal cord injury
Authors:   , Amin Arthi Amarnath , Lemay Michel A. , Houle John D
Published: August 2021

After a spinal cord injury volitional muscle control, sensory feedback, and autonomic function is impaired or lost. Recovery is hindered by poor regeneration of mature neurons, decrease in trophic support, and formation of glial scar tissue. Injured axons readily grow into intraspinal peripheral nerve grafts (PNGs) but most do not extend beyond the distal graft end. The goal of this project was to increase axonal outgrowth and promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats received a complete lower thoracic transection and two branches of pre-degenerated sciatic nerve were apposed to each side of the lesion cavity to support descending axon regeneration (dPNG) or ascending axon regeneration (aPNG). There was an approximate delay of one week before axons entered the PNG and axons extended to the distal end (~15mm) by 30 days. In Aim 1 anatomical and biochemical features of PNGs during axon regeneration were characterized followed by assessment of changes in neurotrophic factor (NTF) expression in PNGs and adjacent spinal cord tissue. Expression of mRNA for the NTF glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was significantly higher in the PNG compared to injured spinal cord, suggesting a possible attractive effect that restricts axons from extending beyond the PNG. This information was used in Aim 2 to test whether over-expression of GDNF at the distal graft-spinal cord site, in combination with matrix modification to digest inhibitory factors of glial scar tissue, would enhance axonal outgrowth and functional recovery. Transected animals received a dPNG or an aPNG, microinjection of a lentiviral vector to overexpress GFP (control) or GDNF and PBS (control) or chondroitinase treatment to digest inhibitory proteoglycans of the glial scar. GDNF treated animals did not develop hyper-reflexia in response to sensory stimuli and showed moderate improvements in hindlimb locomotor function. Anterograde labeling of regenerated axons indicated that over-expression of GDNF failed to increase axonal outgrowth from PNGs and electrophysiology experiments did not detect an increase in synaptic function between regenerating axons and spinal cord neurons. These results indicate that further manipulation is required to promote functional recovery after injury beyond a local increase in neurotrophic factor.
Enhancing the effective socialization of employees
Authors:   , Anakwe Uzoamaka P. , Greenhaus Jeffrey H
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research was to develop and test empirically a model of socialization effectiveness. The model consists of four antecedent variables (socialization tactics, job scope, prior work experience, and self-monitoring) and six indicators of socialization effectiveness (task mastery, work group functioning, knowledge and acceptance of the organizational culture, personal learning, and role clarity). The antecedents were based on the literature in organizational socialization and related areas. The indicators were based on the socialization content or information imparted to newcomers during the socialization process. The socialization content focused on four major content areas (task, group, organization, and role) identified in the socialization literature. Questionnaires were administered at the company premises and through internal company mail to 200 employees who were participants of a central career development program of a Fortune 200 company and have been with the organization for between three months and three years. Surveys were also mailed to their respective supervisors. One hundred and seventy-eight employees and their respective supervisors responded to the survey with a response rate of 89%. Data from 131 respondents still in the program at the time the surveys were administered were used in the present analyses. Four main hypotheses were tested using correlational and regression analyses. There was partial support for hypotheses 1 and 2; most of the predicted relationships in hypothesis 3 were not supported and only one of the predicted relationships for hypothesis 4 was supported. However, additional analyses revealed interactions between socialization tactics and job scope, thereby providing support for the relationships between some antecedents and indicators of socialization effectiveness. The relationships between some antecedents and indicators of effective socialization were different for male and female employees. The findings of the study reveal that socialization is a complex process as indicated by simple and moderated relationships found between socialization tactics and effective socialization. In conclusion, the study provides greater insight into the socialization process by identifying several factors that contribute to effective socialization. However, the findings for the study emphasize the need for further empirical work with multiple methodologies to understand the complexity of the socialization process.