bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Three-layered Architecture for Event-centric Interconnections among Heterogeneous Data Repositories and its Application to Space Weather
Authors: Nakanishi Takafumi  , Homma Hidenori  , Kim Kyoung-Sook  , Zettsu Koji  , Kidawara Yutaka  , Kiyoki Yasushi
Published: February 2025

Various knowledge resources are spread to a world-wide scope. Unfortunately, most of them are community-based and never thought to be used among different communities. That makes it difficult to gain “connection merits” in a web-scale information space. This paper presents a three-layered system architecture for computing dynamic associations of events to related knowledge resources. The important feature of our system is to realize dynamic interconnection among heterogeneous knowledge resources by event-driven and event-centric computing with resolvers for uncertainties existing among those resources. This system navigates various associated data including heterogeneous data-types and fields depending on user's purpose and standpoint. It also leads to effective use for the sensor data because the sensor data can be interconnected with those knowledge resources. This paper also represents application to the space weather sensor data.
Towards Semantic Modelling of Cultural Historical Data
Authors: Häyrinen Ari
Published: February 2025

In this paper a practical method is presented for creating documentation of cultural historical targets using an event-centric core ontology. By using semantic documentation templates and an XML-based query language, a domain specific documentation model can be created and flexible user interfaces can be built easily for accessing and editing the documentation.
Creating long gait animation sequences through Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Alamia Marco  , Borghese N. Alberto
Published: February 2025

In this paper we present how, using a careful definition of a state function, long animation sequences can be created joining clips from a database. Each next clip is chosen in real-time by a controller optimizing a cost function on the state function; this allows the user interact in real-time with the digital character. We analyze here two possible cost functions, one that is based on the evaluation of the compatibility of the next clip and one based on reinforcement learning in which the global policy of the controller is evaluated.
A Neural Network Hybrid Recommender System
Authors: Postorino Maria Nadia  , Sarne Giuseppe M. L.
Published: February 2025

Among the Web opportunities, e-Commerce processes have increased in relevance requiring the development of complex tools to support all the parties involved therein. This paper proposes a neural network hybrid recommender system able to provide customers, associated with XML-based personal agents within a multi-agent system called MARF, with suggestions about flights purchases. MARF agents continuously monitor customers' interests and preferences in their commercial Web activities, by constructing and automatically maintaining their profiles. In order to highlight the benefits provided by the proposed flight recommender, some experimental results carried out by exploiting a MARF prototype are presented.
A Study on Gene Regulatory Network Reconstruction and Simulation
Authors: Farinaccio A.  , Vanneschi L.  , Provero P.  , Mauri G.  , Giacobini M.
Published: February 2025

The inference of gene regulatory networks from expression data is an important area of research that provides insight to the inner workings of a biological system. In this paper we present a new reverse-engineering framework for gene regulatory network reconstruction. It exploits some interesting characteristics of genetic programming, like the ability of solving complex regression problems with little or no information about the underlying data and the ability of performing an automatic selection of features at learning time. Our framework not only reconstructs the topology of the network, but it is also able to simulate its dynamic behaviour, forecasting the gene expression values in the timepoints subsequent to the initial one. In this paper, we test the proposed framework on the well-known IRMA gene regulatory network, and we show that its performances are promising.
The influence of the residence time on the dynamics of catalytic reaction networks
Authors: Filisetti Alessandro  , Serra Roberto  , Villani Marco  , Graudenzi Alex  , Füchslin Rudolf M.  , Poli Irene
Published: February 2025

Although autocatalytic networks are common in nature, it is very difficult to reproduce them in laboratory. Since there are several models in literature describing a phase transition to an autocatalytic set once that a certain degree of heterogeneity in the composition of the system is reached, it is interesting to understand why it is so difficult to observe such a phenomenon in the laboratory. For this reason, we here present a model designed for the study of that systems taking into account the stochastic nature of the dynamics of interacting molecules. In particular, the analysis is focused on the emergence of autocatalytic sets in accordance with different residence times and influx compositions.
Acquisition of Technical Skills in Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia Using a High-Fidelity Simulator
Authors: Cheung Jeffrey J.H.  , Chen Ewen W.  , Al-Allaq Yaseen  , Nikravan Nasim  , McCartney Colin J.L.  , Dubrowski Adam  , Awad Imad T.
Published: February 2025

Despite the increasing popularity of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA), structured training programs during residency are often lacking. The lack of a regional block area, lack of expertise, and lack of structured training programs have limited hands-on experience in residency programs. However, these constraints may be circumvented through the use of simulation. This observational study looked at the use of a high-fidelity simulator for training novice undergraduate students UGRA techniques. Despite some improvement in the second trial with the simulator, the ability to maintain visualization of their needle (p<0.05), align needle with probe (p<0.05), and angle their needle approach (p<0.05), as well as reduce needle passes (p<0.05) did not improve. The results show students had difficulty learning skills requiring more coordination and fine motor control.
Simulation of Vaginal Wall Biomechanical Properties from Pelvic Floor Closure Forces Map
Authors: Hasegawa Shin  , Yoshida Yuki  , Wei Daming  , Omata Sadao  , Constantinou Christos E.
Published: February 2025

We simulated the way that pelvic floor muscles (PFM) generate zonal compression on the vagina and urethra in order to maintain urinary continence. Raw data were obtained using a probe to map the distribution of vaginal closure forces. Simulation model was made using ordinary Spring-mass model. The biomechanical properties are applied to the spring of the model. We simulated four models that are applied to asymptomatic subjects as controls and patients based on information obtained from the measured force maps using a vaginal probe. PFM values are measured when subjects are relaxed and during voluntary PFM contraction. Results show that simulation clearly distinguished between controls and patents and demonstrates that in the controls, after a period of 0.075 sec from the time when the rest force was added, the model was deformed to a neutral shape, and after another period of 0.075 sec from the time when the contract force was added at intervals of 0.001 sec, the closure force reaches maximum. The results render the simulation of the vaginal wall deformations that was obtained directly by the force maps. It shows that in controls the wall model is significantly deformed compared to that from the patient's model. In this research we simulated the response of the vaginal walls using spring mass model and the force maps of vaginal closure forces applied to control subjects and patients. The process of deformation of the vaginal wall is thus visualized demonstrating the relative pathologic differences between the two groups.
VR-Based Training and Assessment in Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia: From Error Analysis to System Design
Authors: Lövquist Erik  , O'Sullivan Owen  , Oh'Ainle Donnchadh  , Baitson Graham  , Shorten George  , Avis Nick
Published: February 2025

If VR-based medical training and assessment is to improve patient care and safety (i.e. a genuine health gain), it has to be based on clinically relevant measurement of performance. Metrics on errors are particularly useful for capturing and correcting undesired behaviors before they occur in the operating room. However, translating clinically relevant metrics and errors into meaningful system design is a challenging process. This paper discusses how an existing task and error analysis was translated into the system design of a VR-based training and assessment environment for Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia (UGRA).
A Comparison of Videolaryngoscopic Technologies
Authors: Miller David J.  , Miljkovic Nikola  , Chiesa Chad  , Schulte Nathan  , Callahan Jr. John B.  , Boedeker Ben H.
Published: February 2025

Difficulty in managing the airway is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality of the trauma patient. The video laryngoscope, with its camera at the distal tip of the intubation blade, allows the practitioner an improved view of the glottic opening during intubation. The image from this viewer is transmitted to a monitor, allowing the intubating practitioner to “see around the corner” of a patient's airway. The purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the video quality of commercially available video laryngoscopy systems. It was found that between the STORZ C-MACTMand the Verathon GlideScope® there was little difference between the video quality; the difference came down to user preference.
A Development of Surgical Simulator for Training of Operative Skills using Patient-Specific Data
Authors: Ogata Masato  , Nagasaka Manabu  , Inuiya Toru  , Makiyama Kazuhide  , Kubota Yoshinobu
Published: February 2025

At the Advanced Medical Research Center at Yokohama City University School of Medicine, we have been developing a practical surgical simulator for renal surgery. Unlike already commercialized laparoscopic surgical simulators, our surgical simulator is capable of using patient-specific models for preoperative training and improvement of laparoscopic surgical skills. We have been evaluating the simulator clinically with the aim of using it in renal surgery training at Yokohama City University Hospital. The simulator can be applied to other types of laparoscopic surgery, such as gynecological, thoracic, and gastrointestinal. Here, we report on the technical aspects of the simulator.
Implementation of Virtual Online Patient Simulation
Authors: Patel V.  , Aggarwal R.  , Taylor D.  , Darzi A.
Published: February 2025

The development and use of virtual patients has become more expansive. Previous strategies to aid their development have been described to aid their formation. This study describes the development of a series of virtual patients following a methodology proposed by Posel et al [1]. Ten virtual patients with surgical pathology were developed using a reproducible framework. This article serves to guide virtual patient authors as a working description of virtual patient design in order to assist them for future virtual patient development.Acknowledgements: The study was supported by the London Deanery under their Simulation Technology-enhanced Learning Initiative.
Application of a Non-Linear Autoassociator to Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Ferstay Joel A.  , Voll Kimberly D.
Published: February 2025

Fast and accurate, non-linear autoassociators perform well in the face of unbalanced data sets, where few to no positive examples are present. In cancer diagnosis, for example, this can be convenient if only benign data is available, or if only a very small proportion of malignant data is available. As proof of concept, we apply a non-linear autoassociator to breast tumor data to predict the presence of cancer using only benign examples to train the autoassociator. Our results indicate that the non-linear autoassociator approach to automated breast cancer diagnosis is convenient and yields accurate results with minimal overhead.
A Model For Representing Formal, Informal and Hybrid Communication in the Clinical Communication Space
Authors: Kuziemsky Craig E.
Published: February 2025

The clinical communication space refers to the activities that take place in the context of clinical communication. Communication is an important part of healthcare delivery yet the communication space has been described a source of medical errors and other communication issues such as interruptions. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) can enhance the clinical communication space but before we can design ICTs we need to describe the space. In particular we need to understand the role that informal communication plays. This paper reports on an exploratory study of the clinical communication space. It uses an ontology to illustrate the range of processes, modalities and contexts within the communication space and the role of formal, informal and hybrid communication.
Data Encryptions Techniques for Electronic Health Record Exchange
Authors: Shin David  , Sahama Tony  , Kim Steve (Jung Tae)  , Kim Ji-Hong
Published: February 2025

Simulation approaches on data encryption techniques to improve health care decision making processes are presented in this paper. Database-as-a-Service model (DAS) was utilised to employ the databases and related records for the scenarios selected. Data that was used for the simulation process ranged from 10,000 to 2 million records. When the bucket indexing model incorporated partitioning fields and bloom filters in a Singleton design pattern, it effectively provided faster responses in the range query. The results showed that query response time in the bucket indexing model is approximately 3.32 times faster than the normal range query response time in the encrypted database.
Tele-ICU – A Canadian Review
Authors: Shahpori Reza  , Kushniruk Andre  , Hebert Marilynne  , Zuege Dan
Published: February 2025

Based on the learnings and experiences from implementations in the United States, telemedicine may offer certain advantages to help address some of the challenges faced by the Canadian critical care community resulting from staff shortages and increasing demands for quality care. The initial and operating costs of the technology and its impact on direct bedside care are perceived to be significant drivers of resistance to its wide spread implementation. This qualitative review of the available literature summarizes the opportunities and challenges with the potential use of telemedicine to enhance the delivery of critical care services in Canada.
A Knowledge Management System to Study the Quality of Life in Head and Neck Oncology Patients
Authors: Gonçalves Joaquim  , Silveira Augusta  , Rocha Álvaro
Published: February 2025

The perception that an individual holds about his place in life, which depends upon his culture and values, defines this individual's Quality of Life (QoL). When applied in a health context this known as: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). The assessment of HRQoL is a Medical goal; it is used in clinical research, medical practice, health-related economic studies and in planning health management measures and strategies. Obtaining a patient self-assessment with QoL measuring instruments on the platform developed in this project, through user-friendly software, aids the study, promotes the creation of databases, and accelerates its statistical treatment. The possibility of graphically representing results that physician needs to analyze, immediately after the answer collection, makes this assessment a diagnosis instrument ready to be used routinely in clinical practice. Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) applied to this context enable knowledge creation and storage, and guide therapeutic decisions.
Engineering the Electronic Health Record for Safety: A Multi-Level Video-Based Approach to Diagnosing and Preventing Technology-Induced Error Arising from Usability Problems
Authors: Borycki Elizabeth M.  , Kushniruk Andre W.  , Kuwata Shigeki  , Kannry Joseph
Published: February 2025

Electronic health records (EHRs) promise to improve and streamline healthcare through electronic entry and retrieval of patient data. Furthermore, based on a number of studies showing their positive benefits, they promise to reduce medical error and make healthcare safer. However, a growing body of literature has clearly documented that if EHRS are not designed properly and with usability as an important goal in their design, rather than reducing error, EHR deployment has the potential to actually increase medical error. In this paper we describe our approach to engineering (and reengineering) EHRs in order to increase their beneficial potential while at the same time improving their safety. The approach described in this paper involves an integration of the methods of usability analysis with video analysis of end users interacting with EHR systems and extends the evaluation of the usability of EHRs to include the assessment of the impact of these systems on work practices. Using clinical simulations, we analyze human-computer interaction in real healthcare settings (in a portable, low-cost and high fidelity manner) and include both artificial and naturalistic data collection to identify potential usability problems and sources of technology-induced error prior to widespread system release. Two case studies where the methods we have developed and refined have been applied at different levels of user-computer interaction are described.
3,520 Medication Errors Evaluated to Assess the Potential for IT-based Decision Support
Authors: Binzer Kristine  , Hellebek Annemarie
Published: February 2025

We have previously studied system failures involved in medication errors using a limited number of root cause analyses as source. The aim of this study was to describe a larger number of medication errors with respect to harm, involved medicines and involved system problems – thus providing information for the development of IT-based decision support. We evaluated 3,520 medication error reports derived from 12 months of consecutive reporting from 13 hospitals in the Capital Region of Denmark. We found 0.65% errors with serious harm and 16% with moderate harm. A small number of medicines were involved in the majority of the errors. The problems in the medication error process were heterogeneous. Some were related to specific medicines and others were related to the computerized order entry system. Accordingly decision support targeted at specific medicines and improved IT systems are part of the continuing work to reduce the frequency of medication errors.
Information Contextualization in Decision Support Modules for Adverse Drug Event Prevention
Authors: Nies Julie  , Koutkias Vassilis  , Kilintzis Vassilis  , Guillot Bertrand  , Maglaveras Nicos  , Pedersen Henrik Gliese  , Berg Anna-Lis  , Skjoet Peter
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an analysis of hospitals' organization and Hospital Information Systems' features which can contribute in contextualization of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) for Adverse Drug Event (ADE) prevention. We identified four categories of contextualization: ENVIRONMENT, TASKS, USERS and TEMPORAL ASPECTS. Based on this analysis, we studied the technical possibilities at the architectural level to determine which component(s) of a standalone knowledge platform could technically handle contextualization. The results impact three types of components of this platform: (1) a CDSS providing decision support based on ADE signals mined in large data repositories; (2) a Connectivity Platform providing transformation and routing services (enabling any application to connect to the CDSS); (3) three prototype applications for accessing the decision support services realized within an industrial Computerized Physician Order Entry, an industrial Electronic Health Record and in an independent Web prototype, respectively. In each of the above components we present the dimension(s) of contextualization that has/have been determined to cope with and the design followed in the implementation phase.
On the quantization of the potential amplitude in the Schrödinger equation
Authors: Balagurov B.Ya.
Published: February 2025

A consistent scheme is proposed for quantizing the potential amplitude in the Schrödinger equation in the case of negative energies (lying in the discrete-spectrum domain). The properties of the eigenfunctions φν(r) and eigenvalues ανcorresponding to zero, small, and large absolute values of energy E < 0 are analyzed. Expansion in the set {φν(r)} is used to develop a regular perturbation theory (for E < 0), and a general expression is found for the Green function associated with the time-independent Schrödinger equation. A similar method is used to solve several physical problems: the polarizability of a bound quantum-mechanical system, the two-center problem, and the elastic scattering of slow particles. The proposed approach is advantageous in that it does not require the use of continuum states (for E > 0).
Sudden birth and sudden death of entanglement
Authors: Ficek Zbigniew  , Tanaś Ryszard
Published: February 2025

We discuss a simple model for creation of entanglement in a system composed of two two-level atoms interacting with a common environment. The role of the environment in entangling and disentangling of the atoms is explored. We demonstrate how the spontaneous decay of an initial excitation of the system can create a transient entanglement between the atoms. The opposite situation is also discussed where a spontaneous disentanglement of initially entangled atoms may exhibit some unusual features such as entanglement sudden birth, the phenomenon of entanglement sudden death and revival of entanglement. We provide a discussion of these unusual phenomena in terms of the density matrix elements of the system and show the connection of the phenomena with the threshold behaviour of the concurrence.
Case-Based Reasoning in a System Architecture for Intelligent Fish Farming
Authors: Tidemann Axel  , Bjørnson Finn Olav  , Aamodt Agnar
Published: February 2025

Fish farmers manage assets of considerable value on a daily basis. Many aspects of the daily operation are automated in some way, such as the feeding system. Sensory equipment steadily becomes cheaper and more ubiquitous, yielding data that can be used by automated systems and for post-processing (i.e. data mining) to discover hidden trends in the data. However, a lot of information is only known informally by the fish farmers themselves, through years of experience. Companies that can store this information and reuse it will have an advantage; even more so if high-level human expertise can be linked to low-level sensor data. This paper presents early developments of a system that stores this informal knowledge using case based-reasoning, combined with corresponding sensor data.
Self-Exploration of Autonomous Robots Using Attractor-Based Behavior Control and ABC-Learning
Authors: Hild Manfred  , Kubisch Matthias
Published: February 2025

An autonomous robot which is equipped with sensorimotor loops and situated within a specific environment can be regarded as a dynamical system. By using Attractor-Based Behavior Control (ABC), the attractors of this dynamical system correspond to energy-efficient behavioral body postures, and the attractor-connecting heteroclinic orbits can be utilized to generate stable motion trajectories. We introduce ABC-Learning and demonstrate how it enables an autonomous robot to self-explore its behavioral capabilities from scratch and without any given body model.
Extended Abstract: Combining CBR and BN using metareasoning
Authors: Houeland Tor Gunnar  , Bruland Tore  , Aamodt Agnar  , Langseth Helge
Published: February 2025

In complex domains, it is often necessary to determine which reasoning method would be the most appropriate for each task, and a combination of different methods has often shown the best results. We examine how two complementary reasoning methods, case-based reasoning and Bayesian networks, can be combined using metareasoning to form a more robust and better-performing system.
Concurrent Learning of Large-Scale Random Forests
Authors: Boström Henrik
Published: February 2025

The random forest algorithm belongs to the class of ensemble learning methods that are embarassingly parallel, i.e., the learning task can be straightforwardly divided into subtasks that can be solved independently by concurrent processes. A parallel version of the random forest algorithm has been implemented in Erlang, a concurrent programming language originally developed for telecommunication applications. The implementation can be used for generating very large forests, or handling very large datasets, in a reasonable time frame. This allows for investigating potential gains in predictive performance from generating large-scale forests. An empirical investigation on 34 datasets from the UCI repository shows that forests of 1000 trees significantly outperform forests of 100 trees with respect to accuracy, area under ROC curve (AUC) and Brier score. However, increasing the forest sizes to 10 000 or 100 000 trees does not give any further significant performance gains.
Probabilistic Decision Graphs for optimization under Uncertainty
Authors: Jensen Finn Verner
Published: February 2025

The tutorial provides a survey on probabilistic decision graphs for modeling and solving decision problems under uncertainty. I shall give an introduction to influence diagrams, which is a popular framework for representing and solving sequential decision problems with a single decision maker. As the methods for solving influence diagrams can scale rather badly in the length of the decision sequence, I shall present a couple of approaches for calculating approximate solutions. The modeling scope of the influence diagram is limited to so-called symmetric decision problems. This limitation has motivated the development of alternative representation languages, which enlarge the class of decision problems that can be modeled efficiently. I shall present some of these alternative frameworks and demonstrate their expressibility using several examples.
Parallel Monte Carlo Tree Search on GPU
Authors: Rocki Kamil  , Suda Reiji
Published: February 2025

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a method for making optimal decisions in artificial intelligence (AI) problems, typically move planning in combinatorial games. It combines the generality of random simulation with the precision of tree search. It can theoretically be applied to any domain that can be described in terms of state, action pairs and simulation used to forecast outcomes such as decision support, control, delayed reward problems or complex optimization. The motivation behind this work is caused by the emerging GPU-based systems and their high computational potential combined with relatively low power usage compared to CPUs. As a problem to be solved we chose to develop an AI GPU(Graphics Processing Unit)-based agent in the game of Reversi (Othello) which provides a sufficiently complex problem for tree searching with non-uniform structure and an average branching factor of over 8. We present an efficient parallel GPU MCTS implementation based on the introduced ‘block-parallelism’ scheme which combines GPU SIMD thread groups and performs independent searches without any need of intra-GPU or inter-GPU communication. We compare it with a simple leaf parallel scheme which implies certain performance limitations. The obtained results show that using my GPU MCTS implementation on the TSUBAME 2.0 system one GPU can be compared to 100-200 CPU threads depending on factors such as the search time and other MCTS parameters in terms of obtained results. We propose and analyze simultaneous CPU/GPU execution which improves the overall result.
From Montague's Rules of Quantification to Minimal Recursion Semantics and the Language of Acyclic Recursion
Authors: Loukanova Roussanka
Published: February 2025

The formal language Lλarof acyclic recursion and its type-theory was introduced by Moschovakis between 2003 and 2006 for applications to computational semantics of human languages. Independently, implementations of large-scale grammars within the HPSG framework have been using semantic representations casted in the language of Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS). While lacking strict formalization, MRS represents successfully ambiguous quantifier scoping. In this paper, we introduce the basic definitions of MRS by reflecting on possibilities for formalization of MRS with a version of the language Lλar
The Development of the SWEAT Questionnaire: a Scale Measuring Costs and Efforts Inherent to Conducting Exposure Sessions
Authors: Robillard Geneviève  , Bouchard Stéphane  , Dumoulin Stéphanie  , Guitard Tanya
Published: February 2025

For decades, empirical studies have shown the effectiveness of exposure techniques when used in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment for anxiety disorders. A few studies are now suggesting that using Virtual Reality (VR) may be an effective way to conduct exposure and overcome some of the limitations of in vivo exposure. The aim of this study is to validate the Specific Work for Exposure Applied in Therapy (SWEAT) questionnaire that measures costs and efforts required to conduct in vivo and in virtuo exposure. A total of 265 exposure sessions (in vivo = 140; in virtuo = 125) were rated by experienced psychologists. Reliability analysis revealed three main factors in the construct of the SWEAT questionnaire. Results also showed that conducting exposure in VR is less of a burden and more readily adapted to the patients' needs than in vivo.
Construction of a Bridge over the Kwanza River at Cabala in Angola
Authors: Nobre Duarte  , Caimoto Francisco  , Xavier Baldomiro
Published: February 2025

The crossing of the Kwanza River alluvial valley along approximately 1500m is a reference in terms of the complexity of the foundation technologies used, as well as the auxiliary works. The aim of this paper is to describe the main construction processes adopted for the execution of 1.50m diameter piles, at depths that reached 75m. The environmental constraints underlying the Kwanza River involve the construction of a temporary steel pier, 225m long, a jetty, and the use of a special cofferdam system for the execution of the pile cap blocks for bridge piers grounded in the river without resorting to embankment.
Correlation between the dynamic cone penetration index and the Falling Weight Deflectometer-determined subgrade resilient modulus
Authors: Ampadu Samuel I.K.  , Okang Emmanuel Klu
Published: February 2025

Modern pavement design characterizes the subgrade soil in terms of the resilient modulus. This parameter is determined in a non-destructive in-situ method using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and in the laboratory from the repeated load triaxial test. These methods however are both expensive and time consuming and are not readily available in most highway departments in developing countries. On the other hand, the simple and inexpensive dynamic cone penetrometer has been extensively used for pavement in-situ subgrade characterization. This paper reports on an attempt at a correlation between the results of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer test and the output of the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test for purposes of estimating the subgrade resilient modulus. Fifty-two FWD deflections and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer field tests were conducted on sections of an urban arterial road in Accra, with varying terrain. Soil samples were also recovered from trial pits sunk at selected locations and subjected to standard laboratory tests for purposes of identification and classification. The results of the output of the FWD sensors were analyzed and correlated with the DCP penetration index. The results suggest that the DCPI may be used to predict the subgrade resilient modulus.
Numerical Modelling of Wave Propagation in Ground Using Non-Reflecting Boundaries
Authors: Mbawala S.J.  , Heymann G.  , Roth C.P.  , Heyns P.S.
Published: February 2025

A critical aspect when modelling wave propagation in the ground with the finite element technique is using non-reflecting boundaries. The choice of element size and domain size to fit non-reflecting boundaries becomes difficult when a forcing function with a large range of frequencies is used. This paper presents the results from a finite element study designed to gain insight into wave propagation in soils due to an applied vertical harmonic load with varying frequency content ranging from 10 Hz to 95 Hz using Abaqus/Explicit. Comparison is made between numerical results and measured field data. It is concluded that Abaqus/Explicit can reliably model the wave propagation problem. Particularly, the phase velocity determined by finite element modelling compared favourably to values obtained theoretically, as well as in the field. In addition, good correlation was found between the dispersion data from the model and field measurements.
Technical Artifact: An Integrated Perspective
Authors: Borgo Stefano  , Franssen Maarten  , Garbacz Paweł  , Kitamura Yoshinobu  , Mizoguchi Riichiro  , Vermaas Pieter E.
Published: February 2025

In this paper three perspectives are presented on defining the general notion of technical artifacts in formal ontologies. These perspectives share two intuitions: that technical artifacts are objects that exist by human intervention; and that technical artifacts are to be contrasted to natural entities. Yet the perspectives are different in the way they spell out these intuitions: the relevant human intervention may range from intentional selection to intentional production; and the contrast between technical artifacts and natural entities may be introduced by a constitution relation or by defining properties that set technical artifacts apart. The three perspectives are compared and their similarities and dissimilarities are explored.
Supply Chain Risk Analysis with Linked Open Data
Authors: Hofman Wout
Published: February 2025

The main application of ontologies is currently in Linked Open Data. Open, encompassing data published by government organizations that can be re-used for many applications. Data is published in a structured format like XML (eXtensible Markup Language). RDF (Resource Description Framework) is used for specifying links between different data of different resources. In many applications, the semantics has to be derived from the published data. This paper proposes to apply ontologies and architectural patterns for Linked Open Data to monitoring operational behaviour. Not only enterprises require to monitor their behaviour, but also for government authorities gather lots of data related to law enforcement. The paper specifically focuses on the implementation of Linked Open Data for supply chain risk analysis.
Mapping the Queensland Health iPharmacy Medication File to the Australian Medicines Terminology Using Snapper
Authors: Michel Jude  , Lawley Michael J.  , Chu Amy  , Barned John
Published: February 2025

An exploratory exercise in mapping approximately 8000 medication terms from the Queensland Health iPharmacy Medication File to the Australian Medicines Terminology (AMT) was carried out to determine coverage, build specialist knowledge, and inform future clinical terminology strategies. Snapper was the mapping tool selected for this exercise. The Automap function of the tool mapped 39.2% of the items that were successfully mapped, and the remainder were manually mapped. A total of 51.8% of the sample items were mapped to a semantically equivalent AMT concept with 50.0% of terms being mapped to a satisfactory fully specified term, and 1.8% of terms being mapped to a fully specified term that was considered unsuitable for QH clinical purposes. Rules and guidelines on how to deal with the emerging differences between the two terminologies were developed during the course of the project. Snapper was found to be an appropriate tool for this exercise; its functionality is being constantly refined to assist users. As a result, this exercise will provide NEHTA with input for the national scope and content for AMT, and QH will endeavour to prepare the iPharmacy medication file for future interfaces with other terminologies.
Automatic Extraction of Cancer Characteristics from Free-Text Pathology Reports for Cancer Notifications
Authors: Nguyen Anthony  , Moore Julie  , Lawley Michael  , Hansen David  , Colquist Shoni
Published: February 2025

Objective: To develop a system for the automatic classification of Cancer Registry notifications data from free-text pathology reports.
Constructing an Ontology Repository: A Case Study with Theories of Time Intervals
Authors: Ong Darren  , Grüninger Michael
Published: February 2025

Ontology repositories stand to benefit through the connecting of stored ontologies via the meta-theoretic relationships they share. Creating this repository framework facilitates ontology reuse and design by allowing users to integrate different ontologies related in this manner. In this paper we construct such a repository by utilizing an automated theorem prover to identify and verify the relationships between three different ontologies of time intervals (two introduced by Hayes in his Catalog of Temporal Theories and one by van Benthem introduced in A Logic of Time). We identify the translation axioms and provide an account of the relationships found between ontologies.
Modularization Requirements in Bio-Ontologies: A Case Study of ChEbi
Authors: Hastings Janna  , Batchelor Colin  , Steinbeck Christoph  , Schulz Stefan
Published: February 2025

Bio-ontologies such as the Gene Ontology and ChEBI are characterized by large sizes and relatively low expressivity. However, ongoing efforts aim to increase the formalisation of these ontologies by adding full definitions (equivalent classes). This increase in complexity results in a decrease of performance for standard reasoning tasks. In this paper, we explore the contribution which modularization can play in the evolution of bio-ontologies. In particular, we focus on ChEBI, the ontology of chemical entities of biological interest. ChEBI consists of around 25,000 classes, organised into a structure-based chemical classification and enriched with a role-based classification of their biologically properties. Ontology modularization – partitioning large ontologies into smaller, more manageable chunks – provides the only feasible mechanism for sustainably maintaining the large-scale and ever-growing ontologies in the biomedical domain. We evaluate available ontology partitioning tools.
The Onto-Logical Translation Graph
Authors: Mossakowski Till  , Kutz Oliver
Published: February 2025

We present an overview of the landscape of ontology languages, mostly pertaining to the first-order paradigm. In particular, we present a uniform formalisation of these languages based on the institution theoretical framework, allowing a systematic treatment and analysis of the translational relationships between the various languages and a general analysis of properties of such translations. We also discuss the importance of language translation from the point of view of ontological modularity and logical pluralism, and for the borrowing of tools and reasoners between languages.
Behaviour of load carrying capacity for geogrid encased stone columns using field tests
Authors: Lee D.Y.  , Yoo C.
Published: February 2025

Recently, efficient ground improving method such as stone column have been developed and applied by geotechnical engineer. Stone column method, which uses gravel or stone instead of sand to improve ground strength at weak ground construction sites, has received increasing interest. The stone column method is a construction that replaces 10~ 30% weak ground with a column filled with crushed stone. However stone columns are used in weak soils, the lateral support provided by the surrounding soil is often insufficient to prevent lateral column bulging and column failure. In these condition, Geosynthetic reinforced stone column method approach has been developed to improve its load carrying capacity through increasing confinement effect. Although such a concept has successfully been applied in practice, fundamentals of the method have not been fully explored. This paper results of an investigation on the load carrying capacity and reduction in bulging failure of geogrid encased stone column using field load tests. Also, to examine the effect of geogrid encasement depths from the upper part of 2D and 4D. The results of analyses improved load carrying capacity of geogrid encased stone column method over the conventional stone column method without geogrid reinforcing.
Analysis of deformation course in problematic soils under embankment
Authors: Sas W.  , Szymanski A.  , Malinowska E.  , Niesiolowska A.  , Gabrys K.
Published: February 2025

In this paper the results of laboratory consolidation tests performed on soft soils taken from organic and calcareous subsoil on several test sites in Poland will be presented. These laboratory investigations consist of routine, oedometer and triaxial test. Triaxial tests were performed to evaluate the deformation and strength characteristics for overconsolidated and normally consolidated stress states, which are required for estimating the displacement of organic subsoil.
Correction of a slope failure in clay shales with a particular pattern of discontinuities
Authors: Sagaseta C.  , Cañizal J.  , Da Costa A.  , Castro J.
Published: February 2025

A cut slope in a motorway in northern Spain was excavated in clay shales. The rock structure was a series of consecutive synclines and anticlines, with the axes oriented transversely to the slope. This was considered favourable in the design. However, upon excavation, a slight inclination of the folding axes was evident, inducing a failure, facilitated also by the water flow. The failure threatened a group of houses located near the crest. The sliding area was heavily instrumented with inclinometers. This allowed for a precise definition of the failure surface. Corrective measures included overexcavation at the crest, shallow and deep drainage, an anchored wall at the toe and an anchored pile wall at the crest to protect the nearby buildings. The effectiveness of all these measures was analyzed by means of limit equilibrium calculations.
Cylindrical excavations in overconsolidated clays supported by jet grout walls: Analysis considering the consolidation effect
Authors: Borges J.L.  , Guerra G.T.
Published: February 2025

Using a computer program based on the finite element method, a cylindrical excavation in an overconsolidated clay, supported by a jet-grout wall, is analysed. The computer code incorporates the Biot´s consolidation theory (coupled formulation of the equilibrium and flow equations) with soil constitutive relations simulated by the p-q-θ critical state model. Particular attention is given, during and after the construction period, to the analysis of the excess pore pressure, stress levels and displacements in the soil, as well as of the circumferential compression stresses, bending moments, displacements and earth pressures on the wall.
Earth pressure from the nearby buildings on sheet pile walls
Authors: Denver H.  , Kellezi L.
Published: February 2025

When a sheet pile wall is installed, a robust design is necessary to maintain the integrity of the structures at vicinity. This is ac-complished by designing the wall in order to support all the pressures transmitted through the soil, including the loads on the ground surface behind the wall. The rugged design represents an inherent resistance against bending and calls for a precise quan-tification of the stresses on the wall. Besides soil and water pressures, the loads from the building foundations contribute with an extra pressure. For the ultimate limit state analyses, this pressure is often estimated approximately by very simple means. The paper deals with the evaluation and quantification of this pressure. The wall considered is unanchored with a strip load on the ground surface behind the wall. The problem is solved by means of Coulomb's method compared with solutions by finite ele-ment modelling applied to a number of representative examples considering different strengths for the cohesion-less soil and dif-ferent load scenarios. After a discussion of the results calculation procedures are proposed.
Deep excavation with multi anchored diaphragm wall
Authors: Josifovski J.  , Gjorgjevski S.  , Jovanovski M.
Published: February 2025

The deep excavation in built-up urban areas with buildings and streets surrounding the site makes them quite formidable problems. Such a project of eight storey administrative-residential building located in the city centre of Tirana, Albania has been carefully analyzed. The project anticipates a 20.5m deep excavation to be carried out with six underground storeys. The task becomes even more demanding having in mind the fact that the site is surrounded with six and eight storey buildings with basements. The deep excavation pit with dimensions 27.7 × 36.9m is secured by a multi anchored diaphragm wall. The retaining system as a temporary support has to ensure the stability of the soil and enable undisturbed excavation. The diaphragm wall has been analyzed in several phases using the finite element method to obtain the shear, moments, displacements and support reactions under earth and water pressure on different levels. In this paper the numerical modelling of the 20.5m deep excavation is presented with some conclusive discussions.
Seismic response of complex soil-structure systems
Authors: Kontoe S.  , Zdravkovic L.  , Potts D.M.  , Menkiti C.O.  , Lennon R.F.
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the seismic response of a large and complex system comprising a lock chamber and three neighbouring water saving basins (WSBs). To properly account for soil structure interaction, the developed two-dimensional plane strain finite element model included the entire system; namely the two lock counterfort walls, the lock chamber base slab, the WSBs and their associated retaining walls and cut slopes. The adopted ground conditions comprise sedimentary deposits of weak rocks of volcanic origin and more competent basalt, while the lock walls are back-filled with engineered fills of the in-situ materials. The stress-strain behaviour of the materials was simulated using a nonlinear cyclic model which adopts a logarithmic function to describe the backbone curve. The first set of analyses was undertaken under static conditions to simulate the construction sequence and to establish the stress regime prior to the examined seismic events. Subsequently, dynamic time domain analyses were performed to examine the response of the system to seismic loading. The ground motion was applied into the finite element mesh employing a sub-structuring technique which enables economic modelling of large computation domains and accurate representation of the semi-infinite half-space. The discussion of the dynamic analyses results focuses on the main lock structure, looking at the prevailing modes of deformation and the potential lift-off of the base of the lock walls.
Some Geotechnical Aspects of UK Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal
Authors: Tonks D.M.  , Gallagher E.M.  , Shaw N.
Published: February 2025

Low Level Radioactive Wastes have been stored at the UK national facility near Drigg, Cumbria for over 50 years. A new vault has recently been completed and the case for ongoing future disposal has just been presented. This paper gives an overview of the many interesting and challenging geotechnical and related engineering aspects which have been addressed. The studies address engineering performance over exceptionally long time time scales to give very high levels of confidence in the long term suitability of the facility. This includes extensive external consultations with regulators and the many stakeholders.