bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Progress on Helmet Liner Materials and Structural Applications
Authors: Zhang Xingyu , Yang Bin , Wu Jinguo , Li Xin , Zhou Ronghua
Published: April 2024

As a crucial part of head protection equipment, research on the material and structural application of helmet liners has always been a hot topic in the field of helmet manufacturing. This paper aims to introduce the most common helmet liner materials, including traditional polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and others, as well as emerging materials such as anisotropic materials, and polymer nanocomposites. In addition, the design principles of helmet liner structure are discussed, including the evolution of multi-layer structure, integration of geometric irregular bubbles, etc., to enhance energy absorption capacity. Advanced manufacturing processes such as additive manufacturing technology are introduced to fabricate complex structures. Finally, the application of biomimetic structures in helmet liner design is explored. For example, the structure of biological tissue can be used to design a helmet liner structure with superior energy absorption performance. On this basis, the idea of bionic structures is extended to the combination of plant stalks and animal skeletal structures, and additive manufacturing technology is used to significantly reduce energy loss during elastic yield energy absorption, thus designing a reusable helmet. This provides a promising research direction for future helmet liner materials and structural applications.
Electrical Properties of the Ultrasonic Transducer Device Using PbTiO3 system ceramics for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Pain Relief and Facial Skin Massage
Authors: Yoo Juhyun , Whang Sun A
Published: April 2024

In this study, in order to develop the composition ceramics for the application of ultrasonic transducer device for temporomandibular joint disorder pain relief and facial skin massage, Pb0.88(La0.6Sm 0.4)0.08(Mn 1/3 Sb 2/3)0.02
Ti 0.98 O3 ceramics were manufactured using CuO as sintering aids, and their piezoelectric ,and resonant properties were investigated. At the specimen sintered at 1200 [℃], the excellent values of piezoelectric properties appeared, respectively: the dielectric constant (εr) of 202, piezoelectric constant (d33) of 56[pC/N], first and third overtone electromechanical coupling factor kt of 0.548, kt3 of 0.219, and then first and third overtone mechanical quality factor Qmt1 of 345, Qmt3 of 292 were suitable for the device application such as ultrasonic transducer, respectively. When the length of one side was 7.7 mm, first and third overtone electromechanical coupling factor kt1 of 0.555, kt3 of, 0.196, and then first ,third overtone mechanical quality factor Qmt1 of 381, Qmt3 of 393 , and the first dynamic ratio(D.R) and third overtone dynamic ratio(D.R) of 63.7(dB),and 37.7(dB) were suitable for the device application such as ultrasonic transducer ,respectively .
Knockout Mouse Studies Show Mitochondrial CLPP Peptidase and CLPX Unfoldase to Act in Matrix Condensates Near IMM, as Fast Stress Response in Protein Assemblies for Transcript Processing, Translation, and Heme Production
Authors: Key Jana , Gispert Suzana , Auburger Georg
Published: April 2024

LONP1 is the principal AAA+ unfoldase and bulk protease in the mitochondrial matrix, so its deletion causes embryonic lethality. The AAA+ unfoldase CLPX and the peptidase CLPP also act in the matrix, conspicuously during stress periods, but their substrates are poorly defined. Mammalian CLPP deletion triggers infertility, deafness, growth retardation, and cGAS-STING activated cytosolic innate immunity. CLPX mutations impair heme biosynthesis and heavy metal homeostasis. CLPP and CLPX are conserved from bacteria to human, despite their secondary role for proteolysis. Based on recent proteomic-metabolomic evidence from knockout mice and patient cells, we propose that CLPP acts on phase-separated ribonucleoprotein granules, and CLPX on multi-enzyme condensates, near the inner mitochondrial membrane, as first-aid system. Trimming within assemblies, CLPP rescues stalled processes in mitoribosomes, in mitochondrial RNA granules and nucleoids, and in D-foci-mediated degradation of toxic double-stranded mtRNA / mtDNA. Unfolding multi-enzyme condensates, CLPX maximizes PLP-dependent delta-transamination, and rescues malformed nascent peptides. Overall, their actions occur in granules with multivalent or hydrophobic interactions, separated from the aqueous phase. Thus, the role of CLPXP in the matrix is compartment-selective, like peptidases MPP at precursor import pores, m-AAA and i-AAA at either IMM face, PARL within the IMM, and OMA1/HTRA2 in the intermembrane space.
Nutritional Barriers to the Adherence of the Mediterranean Diet in Non-mediterranean Populations
Authors: Sam-Yellowe Tobili Y.
Published: April 2024

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been shown to lower the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Improvements in depression, participation in daily activities in older individuals, weight loss and reduction in adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The number of studies that have evaluated barriers to the adherence of the Mediterranean diet in the US and in particular, in racial and ethnic minority populations within the US are few. Among Native American and Alaskan Native populations, studies evaluating traditional or alternative Mediterranean diet adherence for chronic non-infectious diseases is unavailable. Mediterranean diet scoring instruments used in studies in European and Mediterranean countries and among white participants in the US fail to capture the dietary patterns of racial and ethnic minority populations. In this narrative review the food components of the traditional Mediterranean diet are discussed, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is examined in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries and barriers preventing adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the US and among racial and ethnic minority populations is reviewed. Recommendations for improving nutrition education and intervention, and increasing adherence and cultural adaptions to the Mediterranean diet are provided.
A Study on the Prioritization of Competencies for Remote Operator of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS): An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Approach
Authors: Kim JeongMin
Published: April 2024

The introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) through the development of autonomous navigation technologies is expected to bring about new technologies, new vessel types, and new job roles such as remote operation center (ROC) and remote operator (RO). The MASS Code are currently being discussed through Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) of International Maritime Organization (IMO). This code is expected to be adopted in the form of non-mandatory guidelines until 2025, with the goal of establishing mandatory requirements by 2028. Additionally, revisions to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) related to crew training and qualifications are planned for adoption by 2027, which will include requirements for MASS operators. This paper aims to examine the fundamental competencies required for safe MASS operation by remote operators using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, considering the emergence of the new profession of RO. Building upon the 66 Knowledge, Understanding & Proficiencies (KUPs) outlined for marine officer in the STCW Convention, the study seeks to identify the additional competencies necessary for RO and contribute to the development of a training model for the future.
Distribution Generators Optimal Power Flow with Renewable Resources Network with Grey Wolf Optimization
Authors: Tentu Papinaidu , Kundala Praveen Kumar Yadav , Darimireddy Naresh Kumar
Published: April 2024

The integration of diverse distributed generation (DG) units, encompassing both Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and non-RES technologies delves into voltage levels, current distributions, and power flows, aiming to optimize and effectively manage the distribution network. An RES-based DGs such as photovoltaic systems and wind turbines, alongside non-RES units like fuel cells and micro turbines. This study proposes a hybrid approach the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm - Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGA-GWO). By merging the strengths of multi-objective genetic algorithms with the efficiency of the Grey Wolf Optimizer, this advanced algorithm seeks semi-optimal solutions for multi-objective optimization problems. The algorithm aims to improve convergence speed without compromising solution quality, offering a promising solution for optimizing the characteristics of DG and RES integration in distribution networks compared to Cuckoo Search and Simulation Annealing Techniques. Key algorithmic operations include individual representation, initialization, fitness function computation, selection, crossover, mutation, and ending conditions. The DG optimal power flow problem is explored with a focus on minimizing generation costs, improving voltage profiles, minimizing losses, enhancing reliability, integrating renewable energy, reducing environmental impact, managing congestion, and ensuring compliance with operational constraints. Beyond traditional considerations, the study emphasizes neglected objectives and constraints, such as cyber-security concerns, real-time operation, regulatory frameworks, social acceptance, lifecycle environmental impact, grid resilience, data privacy, aging infrastructure compatibility, and economic viability.
DATIV – Remote Enhancement of Smart Aerosol Measurement System Using Raspberry Pi Based Distributed Sensors
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Gazi , Buchwald Tom , Schunk Christoph , Egbers Christoph , Schröder Andreas , Hampel Uwe
Published: April 2024

Enclosed public spaces are the hotspots for airborne disease transmission. To measure and maintain indoor air quality in terms of airborne transmission, an open source, low cost and distributed array of Particulate Matter Sensors has been developed and named as Dynamic Aerosol Transport for Indoor Ventilation or DATIV system. This system can use multiple Particulate Matter Sensors (PMS) simultaneously and can be remotely controlled using a Raspberry Pie based operating system. The data acquisition system can be easily operated using the GUI within any common browser installed on a remote device such as a PC or Smartphone with corresponding IP address. The software architecture and validation measurements are presented together with possible future developments.
Bayesian Identifying One or Two Close Sources by Gaussian Estimates of Planar Location under Double Emission
Authors: Gerasimov Oleg I.
Published: April 2024

When separation to the parameters of interest appears below resolution limit of the estimator, the ambiguity arises whether two parameter estimates relate to one source emitted twice or two close sources emitted once. In the paper, novel Bayes technique aimed to identify one/two sources below resolution limit by the pair of Gaussian estimates of a source(s) planar location as parameter is developed. Prior probabilities of the hypotheses on one/two sources are available from the analysis of physical characteristics of the emissions, assuming that they can be equally probable. The identifier recalculates a posteriori these probabilities subject to a distance between sources. It is applied to distinguish two location estimates obtained in the planar time difference of arrival mobile communication network. The work of the identifier is studied in the domain of closely spaced network users where covariance matrices of estimates are sufficiently approximated by the constant. The application gives an example of how the identifier revises the prior probabilities and can change thereby the initial preference of a hypothesis with a distance between users in some cases.
Development of Aptamers for RNase Inactivation in Xtract-Free™ Sample Collection and Transport Medium
Authors: Daum Luke Thomas , Rodriguez John David , Chambers James P
Published: April 2024

There is significant need for development of a new environmentally friendly, extraction-free sample collection medium that can effectively preserve and protect genetic material for point-of-care, and/or self-collection, home-collection, and mail-back testing. Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) was used to create anti-ribonuclease (RNase) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) aptamers against purified RNase A conjugated to paramagnetic carboxylated beads. Following 8 rounds of SELEX carried out under various stringency conditions, e.g., selection using Xtract-Free™ (XF) specimen collection medium, and elevated ambient temperature of 28 ºC, a panel of 5 aptamers was chosen following bioinformatic analysis using next-generation sequencing. The efficacy of aptamer inactivation of RNase was assessed by monitoring Ribonucleic acid (RNA) integrity by fluorometric and real-time RT-PCR analysis. Inclusion of aptamers in reaction incubations resulted in an 8,800 to 11,200-fold reduction of RNase activity, i.e., digestion of viral RNA compared to control. Thus, anti-RNase aptamers integrated into XF collection medium as well as other commercial reagents and kits have great potential for ensuring quality intact RNA for subsequent genomic analysis.
Globalization, Digitalization, and Sustainable Development Goals:A Roadmap for Equitable Progress
Authors: Mohamed Elsir , Khogali Khalid
Published: April 2024

Globalization and digitalization have been associated with a number of challenges and opportunities. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the impact of globalization and digitization on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and provide recommendations for achieving sustainable development. The study used a multidisciplinary approach that combined diverse research methods. This included a literature review, case studies, and empirical research findings. The findings suggest that while globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on the SDGs, it also poses challenges to social and environmental sustainability. Globalization's impact on sustainable development goals is complex and multifaceted, requiring policymakers to implement diverse measures to mitigate negative effects and promote sustainable development, particularly in less developed regions and marginalized communities. In conclusion, this chapter highlights the need for a coordinated and holistic approach to sustainable development that prioritizes the Sustainable Design Goals in policy and decision-making.
Polarimeter for Detection of Anisotropy from Reflectance
Authors: Kamegaki Shuji , Khajehsaeidimahabadi Zahra , Ryu Meguya , Le Nguyen Hoai An , Ng Soon Hock , Buividas Ričardas , Seniutinas Gediminas , Anand Vijayakumar , Juodkazis Saulius , Morikawa Junko
Published: April 2024

Polarimetry is used to determine the Stokes parameters of a laser beam. Once all four S0,1,2,3 parameters are determined, the state of polarisation is established. Upon reflection of a laser beam with the defined S polarisation state, the directly measured S parameters can be used to determine the optical properties of the surface, which modified the S-state upon reflection. Here, we demonstrate polarimetry for the determination of surface anisotropies related to birefringence and dichroism from different materials, which have a common feature of linear patterns of different alignments and scales. It is shown that polarimetry in the back-reflected light is complementary to ellipsometry and four-polarisation camera imaging.
Understanding Compost-Bedded Pack Barn Systems in Tropical Climate Regions: A Review of the Current State-of-the-Art
Authors: Andrade Rafaella Resende , Tinôco Ilda de Fátima Ferreira , Damasceno Flávio Alves , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Alves , Concha Mariana Silva , Zacaroni Ozana de Fátima , Bambi Gianluca , Barbari Matteo
Published: April 2024

The main challenge in milk production has been to maintain a focus on efficient processes that enhance production outcomes, while aligning with animal welfare and sustainability and being valued by society. As an alternative to improve cow welfare in production and provide better handling of the waste generated by the activity, the system called compost-bedded pack barn (CBP) is an alternative that has been widely adopted in countries with temperate climates and higher milk production. This CBP has been attracting global interest, including from countries with tropical and subtropical climates, such as Brazil, where many producers have started to use it due to the response in terms of milk productivity. A CBP can be designed either in a) an open facility with natural ventilation or positive pressure ventilation system or b) totally closed facilities, equipped with negative pressure ventilation systems and permanent thermal control. The latter system is being implemented in Brazil, despite insufficient knowledge about its efficiency. The objective of this study was, through a review, to gather and describe the most recent information on the use of open and closed CBP systems for dairy cattle housing, mainly how it is applied in tropical climate regions. To achieve the proposed objective, this review study included the following topics related to CBPs: (i) implementation; (ii) bedding; (iii) general construction and architectural characteristics; iv) ambient thermal conditioning. Knowledge gaps and directions for future research are also identified.
Street Tree Designs for Particulate Matter Reduction in Glasgow: A Supportive Approach for Urban Planning
Authors: Ratnayake Chanodi , Emmanuel Rohinton
Published: April 2024

Urban air pollution is a significant threat to both the environment and public health. Primarily originating from traffic emissions, particulate matter is identified as the most prevalent and toxic pollutant in cities. In recent years, street vegetation has emerged as a nature-based solution to improve urban air quality. However, to achieve this goal, proper placement of vegetation is crucial. This study critically investigates how different street tree placement strategies affect the local air quality, based on a model calibrated using existing air quality measurements from one of the most polluted streets in Glasgow. We then test the local air quality effects of tree orientation, spacing, shape, porosity, size, species, and wind directions. The findings suggest that trees effectively enhance air quality, particularly when implemented on the leeward side of the street. To achieve optimal effectiveness, the spacing of trees require careful alignment with the aspect ratio, as haphazard planting could lead to unfavorable results. The insights on improving air quality in Glasgow's street canyons, complements the objectives of the ‘Glasgow Avenues Programme’ and can be included in its Low Emission Zones to co-benefit the environment and the wellbeing of the local community.
Exploring the Spatio-Temporal Evolutionary Characteristics of Paomo Restaurants in Xi’an’s Central Urban Area Through POI Data Analysis
Authors: Yang Dawei , Xu Ping , Yang Xiaojuan
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of Paomo restaurants in Xi'an's central urban area from 2012 to 2023, leveraging Point of Interest (POI) data through a series of sophisticated analytical techniques. Methods including nearest neighbor distance, kernel density estimation, and band set statistical analysis were employed to thoroughly examine the evolutionary patterns and key drivers influencing the spatial distribution of these eateries. Our results highlight a notable trend of expansion from the central city to the periphery, characterized by significant spatial agglomeration. Initially concentrated in the city center, the distribution of Paomo restaurants has progressively shifted towards multiple distinct cores, reflecting the dual influence of urban policy initiatives and the dynamics of market competition. Furthermore, the research identifies several pivotal factors shaping this spatial distribution, particularly transportation access, residential quality of life, and the availability of commercial services. These findings demonstrate the profound effects of urban spatial reconfiguration and socioeconomic development on the specialized catering industry. The insights gleaned from this analysis offer valuable guidance for urban planners and policymakers, providing strategic recommendations for the spatial planning of specialty catering services to optimize urban layouts and foster sustainable economic progress.
Clarifying the Dominant Role of Crystallinity and Molecular Orientation in Differently Processed Thin Films Regioregular poly(3-Hexylthiophene)
Authors: Gaurav Kumar Vivek , Rai Harshita , Singh Kshitij RB , Sharma Shubham , Ando Yoshito , PANDEY SHYAM S.
Published: April 2024

Conjugated polymers (CPs) offer potentials for sustainable semiconductor devices due to their low cost, and inherent molecular self-assembly. Enhanced crystallinity and molecular orientation in thin films of solution-processable CPs have significantly improved organic electronic device per-formance. In this work, three methods namely spin-coating, dip-coating, and unidirectional float-ing-film transfer method (UFTM) were utilized with their parametric optimization for fabricating RR-P3HT films. These films were then utilized for their characterization via optical and micro-structural analysis to elucidate dominant roles of molecular orientation, and crystallinity in con-trolling charge transport in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). OFETs fabricated by RR-P3HT thin films using spin-coating and dip-coating displayed field-effect mobility (μ) of 8.0 × 10-4 cm2V-1s-1 and 1.3 × 10-3 cm2V-1s-1, respectively. This two-time enhancement in (µ for dip-coated films was attributed to its enhanced crystallinity. Interestingly, UFTM films based OFETs demon-strated μ of 7.0 × 10-2 cm2V-1s-1, >100 times increment as compared to its spin-coated counterpart This superior device performance is attributed to synergistic influence of higher crystallinity and molecular orientation. Since the crystallinity of dip-coated and UFTM-thin films are similar ~50 times improved µ of UFTM thin films suggest a dominant role of molecular orientation as com-pared to crystallinity in controlling the charge transport.
Understanding the Influences of Hedonic Personality towards Advertising Avoidance on Social Media
Authors: Desmonda Diera , Jimmy So Yohanes , Annas Mohammad
Published: April 2024

"Research Aims: This study aims to investigate and explore how the hedonic personality that exists in each individual can influence avoidance behaviour towards advertisements on social media platforms. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative approach with a purposive sampling technique was employed to collect data from 198 respondents who have shopped or at least searched for products on social media. The data were then analysed using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique. Research Findings: The results showed that hedonic personality affected advertising avoidance behaviour. Through multigroup analysis, this research found differences in how men and women respond to an advertisement. On the other hand, the intrusive level of an advertisement had a direct effect on ad avoidance behaviour on social media. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study contributes knowledge by exploring and linking hedonic personality with ad avoidance behaviour. In addition, this study analyses how those relationships are different between men and women. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian Context: The results of this study are expected to provide insights for advertisers and encourage them to consider the hedonic style when determining the target customers. Also, the results inform that the model or ad content should be differentiated when targeting men or women. Research Limitation & Implications: This study is limited in several ways, such as the demographic reach and number of respondents. Additionally, the number of social media platforms is only limited to Instagram and Facebook."
Leadership Styles, Self-Efficacy, and Innovative Work Behaviour of Software Developers
Authors: Kyaw Win Moe Moe , Soe Aye Thanda
Published: April 2024

"Research Aims: The primary aims of this study involve examining the effect of leadership styles on self-efficacy and the effect of self-efficacy on innovative work behaviour. Design/Methodology/Approach: Quantitative research was conducted by collecting data from 242 randomly selected software developers in four software development companies in Yangon using structured questionnaires. Regression analysis was used to attain the research objectives. Research Findings: The results showed that transactional and ambidextrous leadership styles have a significant effect on increasing the self-efficacy of software developers. This study also revealed that self-efficacy is an antecedent of the innovative work behaviour of software developers. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The study confirmed that transactional leadership significantly impacts self-efficacy and validated the role of ambidextrous leadership in self-efficacy. Moreover, self-efficacy was found to have an impact on innovative work behaviour. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian Context: This study suggests that transactional and ambidextrous leadership styles can create enabling environments by encouraging and empowering team members to increase their self-efficacy and engage in more innovative endeavours. Research Limitation & Implications: Data was collected once using a questionnaire from a sample of four companies. The insights can help leaders maintain a sustainable competitive advantage, leading to more job opportunities and long-term economic growth in Myanmar and other developing countries."
A regionális nyelvi háttér és a második nyelv elsajátításával kapcsolatos motivációk vizsgálata: egy kísérlet tanulságaiból
Authors: Parapatics Andrea , Lengyel Zsófia
Published: April 2024

A tanulmány vidéki (szak)gimnáziumi tanulókat vizsgál kétféle nyelvtudományi szempontból: felméri anyanyelvi tájszóismeretüket, valamint az angol nyelv tanulásával kapcsolatos attitűdjeiket és motivációikat. A vizsgálat elsődleges eszközei a kérdőívek: egy saját szerkesztésű tájszóismereti kérdőív A magyar nyelvjárások atlaszában a kutatás helyszíne környékén adatolt 99 valódi tájszóból, egy magyar nyelvre adaptált AMTB-teszt és egy szintén saját szerkesztésű attitűdteszt; ezen túl néhány interjú is segít megérteni a kvantitatív adatokat. Az eredmények külön-külön adalékot nyújtanak az iskolások regionális nyelvi hátterével, valamint idegennyelv-tanulási motivációival foglalkozó diskurzushoz, a tanulmány záró fejezete pedig a két kutatás lehetséges összefüggéseit is vizsgálja a nemzetközi szakirodalom tanulságai alapján. Noha az ezzel kapcsolatos hipotézis nem igazolódott egyértelműen a szűk mintán, a dolgozat fontos, időszerű, ám magyar anyanyelvűek körében eddig nem kutatott témakörre hívja fel a figyelmet.
Az érvelő esszé értékelési szempontjainak megítélése pályakezdő és gyakorlott pedagógusok által
Authors: Juhász Milán
Published: April 2024

Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy választ adjon arra a kérdésre, mi okozhatja az érvelő fogalmazásokra adott tanári bírálatok között tapasztalható különbségeket. A kutatás központi kérdése, hogy az eltérések oka lehet-e az, hogy a különböző értékelési szempontokat eltérő fontosságúnak ítélik meg a pedagógusok. A tanulmány két csoport (pályakezdő pedagógusok – 1–5 év munkatapasztalattal és tapasztalt pedagógusok – 9–34 év munkatapasztalattal) eredményeit hasonlítja össze. Mindkét csoportnak ugyanazon szövegértékelési szempontok fontosságát kellett megítélnie egy ötfokú Likert-skálán. A csoportok közötti különbségek statisztikai igazolása a Mann–Whitney-féle U-próbával történt. Az eredményekből arra következtethetünk, hogy a két csoport fontossági megítélései között a tartalom, a szerkezet és a nyelvi igényesség alszempontjaiban is jelentős eltérés van, amely sok esetben szignifikáns. A pályakezdő pedagógusok ugyanis a legtöbb értékelési szempontnak nagyobb fontosságot tulajdonítottak, mint a tapasztaltabb pedagógusok.
Így fejlődünk MI - A Tanítsunk Magyarországért! program hatása az egyetemi hallgatókra
Authors: Andl Helga , Arató Ferenc , Orsós Anna , Varga Aranka
Published: April 2024

A Pécsi Tudományegyetem is bekapcsolódott a Tanítsunk Magyarországért! mentorprogram lebonyolításába. A program során egyetemi hallgatók mentorálnak hátrányos helyzetű települések kisiskoláiban tanuló felsős diákokat – a továbbtanulásra ösztönözve őket. Jelen tanulmány hallgatói reflexiós dokumentumokra épülő tartalomelemzéssel azt vizsgálja, hogy a mentori szerepvállalás, a nehéz helyzetű diákok mentorálása milyen hatással van az egyetemistákra. Vannak-e olyan hozadékai a programnak, amelyek bármely szakos, köztük a tanárszakos hallgatók számára is pozitívumokat hordoznak? Négy aspektusból elemzi a hallgatók tapasztalatait: a célok és a tapasztalat összevetése, a mentorálás és a sikeresség értelmezése, a felmerülő dilemmák és a kérdések megfogalmazása, valamint az érzelmi intelligencia elemeit érintő önreflexió változásai.
Complications After Ankle Fracture Surgery in Finland Between 1998 and 2020
Authors: Happonen Ville , Kröger Heikki , Sund Reijo
Published: April 2024

Background:

Ankle fracture is a common injury and often requires operative treatment. This study investigated short-term (≤4 months) and long-term (>4 months) complications after ankle fracture surgery in a 23-year period with use of data from a comprehensive, nationwide, individual-level register.

Methods:

Data regarding patients who underwent operative treatment for ankle fracture were collected from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care and analyzed with use of logistic and Cox regression.

Results:

A total of 83,666 ankle fractures were operatively treated between 1998 and 2020. Of these, 36% were lateral malleolar fractures, 7% were medial malleolar fractures, 52% were bimalleolar or trimalleolar fractures, and 5% were other types of fractures. Fifty-one percent of the fractures were in female patients. The overall rate of short-term complications was 7.2%. Specifically, infection occurred in 4.4% of cases; thromboembolic complications,1.6% of cases; mechanical complications, 0.4% of cases; and other complications, 0.9% of cases. An age of >75 years was associated with a higher rate of short-term complications than an age of 51 to 75 years, with an odds ratio of 1.53 in the multivariable analysis (95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 1.67; p < 0.001). Short-term complications were also more prevalent in patients with diabetes (with or without associated complications); chronic pulmonary, kidney, or liver disease; or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality during the first 4 months after the ankle fracture operation was 0.6%. The most common reason for reoperation in the long term (>4 months after the index procedure) was fixation device removal, with a cumulative incidence of 17% within the first 3 years postoperatively. The risk of implant removal increased in younger patients and patients with bimalleolar or trimalleolar fractures. The cumulative incidence of ankle arthrodesis and arthroplasty was low.

Conclusions:

Although postoperative complications are relatively rare, their treatment can lead to considerable morbidity. The findings of this study allow us to identify patients who are prone to complications or reoperations after undergoing operative treatment for ankle fracture.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Exploring the Diversity of Eimeria Species and Prevalence of Clinical Coccidiosis in Suspected Broiler Chickens
Authors: Anwar Fareeza , D MM , Khan Muhammad Shehzad , Noreen Shumaila , Malik Mehwish , Nouroz Faisal , Ahmad Rafi u Shan , Anwar Muhammad Zaid , Khan Muhammad Shah Zeb
Published: April 2024

Objective
The objective of the present research paper is to report the prevalence of clinical coccidiosis and identify different Eimeria species in suspected broilers in District Abbottabad.
Design:
The research study included a total of three hundred broiler samples. Out of these three hundred samples, 85 guts were found to be infected with Eimeria oocysts. The overall prevalence of coccidiosis was determined to be 28.3%, with 84.70% of cases being clinical coccidiosis and 15.29% being subclinical coccidiosis in District Abbottabad. Subjects: The subjects of the study were broilers, and a total of three hundred broiler samples were collected and analyzed. Innervation/Exposure: Five different Eimeria species were identified in the study area. The most prevalent species was E. tenella, accounting for 35.29% of the cases, followed by E. brunetti (22.35%), E. maxima (17.64%), E. necatrix (12.94%), and E. acervuline (11.76%). Main outcomes: The prevalence of coccidiosis was found to be influenced by the age of the broilers. The disease was more prevalent in broilers aged 22–42 days old, with a prevalence rate of 78.81%, while broilers aged 1–21 days old had a lower prevalence rate of 17.63%. Additionally, the highest predominance of coccidiosis infection was observed in August (33.69%) and September (37.5%) of 2022. Mortality and morbidity rates were also recorded, with 43.13% mortality and 73.40% morbidity in chicks aged 22–28 days old. The disease caused significant economic losses and poses a continued threat to farmers unless appropriate measures are taken.
Determinants of Trajectories of Informal Caregiving in later life. Evidence from England
Authors: Gessa Giorgio Di , Deindl Christian
Published: April 2024

Although long-term consequences of informal care provision are well investigated, fewer studies have examined trajectories of informal care provision among older people and the socioeconomic, demographic, health, and family characteristics associated with them. We use data from four waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, with 6,561 respondents followed for 6 years (2012/3 to 2018/9). We used group-based trajectory modelling to group people's provision of care over time into a finite number of distinct trajectories of caregiving. Using multinomial logistic regressions, we then investigated characteristics associated with these trajectories. Four distinct trajectories were identified representing “stable intensive”, “increasing intensive”, “decreasing”, and “stable no care”. Results suggest that, although there are socioeconomic, demographic, and health differences across the trajectories of caregiving (with younger women in good health and poorer socioeconomic status more likely to care intensively throughout), family characteristics are their main drivers. Respondents who live alone, with no children, and no parents alive are more likely to never provide care, whereas those with older parents and who live with adults in poor health are more likely to provide stable intensive care. Also, changes in family characteristics (e.g. death of parents, widowhood, or deterioration of the partner’s health) are associated with trajectories representing increases or decreases of caregiving over time. Overall, trajectories of informal caregiving undertaken by older people are varied and these patterns are mostly associated with both the availability and health of family members, suggesting that the needs factors represent the most immediate reason for caregiving commitments.
Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Postoperative Recovery in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Liu Xu-ming , Qi Yu-xuan , Zheng Jian-yong , Chang Xin-lu , Hao Wen-wen , Du Yi , Li Wen-jing , An Li-xin
Published: April 2024

Background: Postoperative abdominal pain is one of the most common minor adverse events of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) surgery which is a well-established treatment for early gastrointestinal neoplasms. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is a potential treatment option for reducing postoperative pain and improving gastrointestinal function. This study aims to assess the efficacy of TEAS for postoperative pain and gastrointestinal function recovery in patients after ESD surgery for early gastric and esophageal neoplasms.
Methods: A total of 129 patients undergoing ESD surgery were randomized into the TEAS group or the sham group and were stratified by the surgical type (i.e., gastric or esophageal ESD surgery). Patients in the TEAS group were treated bilaterally at the Acupoint Hegu (L14), Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36), and Shangjuxu (ST37). Patients in the sham group were treated at sham acupoints. The TEAS and sham stimulations are both given from 30 min before surgery to the end of the surgery. Postoperative pain was measured by a visual analog scale. T-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, Fisher's test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data of this study.
Results: Compared with the sham group, the pain levels of the TEAS group improved from 5 min after surgery to 1 hour after surgery (P＜0.05). The incidence of moderate to severe pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and cases needing morphine were significantly lower in the TEAS group (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function.
Conclusion:Pretreating with TEAS could effectively improve the early postoperative pain of patients, reduce the incidence of moderate to severe pain, decrease the application of morphine after surgery, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100052837. (06/11/2021)
Carbon sequestration in sugarcane plant - soil system as influenced by nutrient integration practices under Indo-Gangetic plains of India
Authors: Kumar Ajeet
Published: April 2024

Sugarcane is a multi-purpose crop. The capability of sugarcane crop to sequestrate carbon into soil and plant is of great importance. Under this study the carbon sequestration in planted sugarcane and their rhizospheric soil under different nutrient management practices was assessed. As IPCC reported, that the rising temperature of earth surface resulted of GHGs emission which causes global warming. In order to stabilize the global temperature, the anthropogenic CO2has to be mitigated to a significant level and the surplus atmospheric CO2in plants and soil has to be sunk, under this circumstance, sugarcane cultivation plays pivotal role in utilising CO2since it is a C4plant having high efficiency of utilising CO2during photosynthesis. There is another intervention might be enhancing the CO2capture by changing the nutrient management practices which enhances chlorophyll synthesis by the way of increasing nitrogen efficiency in sugarcane. The different treatment composition enhances photosynthesis where more CO2has been captured. Thus the sugarcane crop and rhizospheric soils act as important carbon sinks in decarbonisation of atmosphere that ultimately reduces carbon level and causes the global cooling.Soil Properties and Carbon Storage: The results showed that soil physical properties and chemical properties were significantly differed among treatments due to application of different organic amendments over control. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was analysed which ranges from 0.47 to 0.67%. The different organic amendments treatments had a considerable effect on soil bulk density and porosity with significant improvement in soil carbon storage.Plant Carbon Storage: The carbon stocks in different sugarcane plant parts, including roots, shoots and leaves were significantly different. The highest amount of carbon stock was found in leaves (877.08 kg ha− 1) under T6followed by roots (668.74 kg ha− 1) in T2and carbon stock in shoots (422.77 kg ha− 1) in T5showing that 30.41% and 107.58% more carbons were stored in the leaves as compared to the roots and shoots while in roots 58.18% more carbon stored in comparison to shoots. The total carbon storage in sugarcane biomass including aboveground parts and belowground part i.e. roots, in different treatment was significantly different. The mean value of carbon stored in the aboveground parts (leaves and stalks) was significantly higher (1239.65 kg ha− 1) than that of underground plant part (621.73 kg ha− 1) (roots). The results showed that the sugarcane farming practices have promising effect for carbon sequestration and consequently enhancing the mitigation of climate change impacts.
Does biochar and earthworm interactively influence soil organic carbon fractions and β-glucosidase activity in a calcareous soil?
Authors: Nahidan Safoora , Faryadras Masoumeh
Published: April 2024

The influence of earthworm activity on soil carbon (C) dynamic may be dependent on raw or char material additions in soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cow manure or cow manure biochar addition and its interaction with earthworm on soil organic C (SOC), labile C fractions and β-glucosidase (βG) activity in a calcareous soil of semi-arid region. For this purpose, the soil was amended with cow manure and its biochar in 4 levels (0, 1, 2 and 5%) in the absence and presence of earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The treatments were then incubated for 30 and 90 days. The addition of amendments increased the content of SOC, particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC) and βG activity. The increase of the parameters was greater with manure than with biochar addition. Water soluble C (WSC) and permanganate oxidizable organic C (POXC) were increased by the addition of all rates of manure and 1% of its biochar but decreased by the addition of 2 and 5% of biochar to soil. The results showed an increasing effect of earthworm on SOC content, labile C fractions (especially MBC) and βG activity but its effect was not dependent on amendment additions (P>0.05). Overall, short-term manure application in soil seems to be an appropriate management practice for enhancing soil C storage than biochar. But since manure biochar contained more recalcitrant C than manure, a C sequestration in biochar-amended soils may happen in a longer time. Therefore, a long-term functioning of biochar on soil C pools needs to be further investigated.
Food and water access predictors of food security among rural households in Langai district, North-Central Nigeria.
Authors: Adeoye Philip Adewale , Afolaranmi Tolulope Olumide , Banwat Mathilda Edmond , Adeleke Esther Oluwapelumi , Oladejo Afolabi , Ogundijo Daniel A.
Published: April 2024

Background
Research has shown that food insecurity in households and communities are increasing globally. More people are reported to now having difficulty in accessing safe and quality foods. This study assessed household food and water access as predictors of food security among rural households.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional community survey which used validated tools to collect data among 201 households representing a total population of 1,284 in Langai district. Levels of household food and water access were determined; and factors associated with food security were assessed using chi-square. Predictors of food security was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. P < 0.05 was adjudged significant.
Result
About 90% of households own a farm; with almost two-thirds (62.2%) of households acquiring their food from both self-production and market; and 73.6% engaging in household agriculture. The majority (82.1%) of the households sourced their water from boreholes and pipe-borne sources. Significant predictors of food security were lower expenditure on food (AOR: 2.19[95%CI: 1.05-4.61]; P=0.038); not engaged in household agriculture (AOR: 2.88[95%CI: 1.09-7.59]; P=0.032); had access to pipe-borne/borehole water (AOR: 2.76[95%CI: 1.15-6.44]; P=0.023) and experienced little or no adverse coping behaviour (AOR: 6.07[95%CI: 1.74-21.23]; P=0.005). Time did not influence food acquisition in the majority of the households.
Conclusion
As reported and showcased in this study, the relationship between food security and rural household development is directly proportional in many local communities of a developing country. Efforts should be garnered towards rural household empowerment through improvement in livelihood and security to have sustainable foods and water.
Machine Learning Tools Match Physician Accuracy in Multilingual Text Annotation
Authors: Zielonka Marta , Czyżewski Andrzej , Szplit Dariusz , Graff Beata , Szyndler Anna , Budzisz Mariusz , Narkiewicz Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

In the medical field, text annotation involves categorizing clinical and biomedical texts with specific medical categories, enhancing the organization and interpretation of large volumes of unstructured data. This process is crucial for developing tools such as speech recognition systems, which help medical professionals reduce their paperwork. It addresses a significant cause of burnout reported by up to 60% of medical staff. However, annotating medical texts in languages other than English poses unique challenges and necessitates using advanced models. In our research, conducted in collaboration with Gdańsk University of Technology and the Medical University of Gdańsk, we explore strategies to tackle these challenges. We evaluated the performance of various tools and models in recognizing medical terms within a comprehensive vocabulary, comparing these tools' outcomes with annotations made by medical experts. Our study specifically examined categories such as 'Drugs', 'Diseases and Symptoms', 'Procedures', and 'Other Medical Terms', contrasting human expert annotations with the performance of popular multilingual chatbots and natural language processing (NLP) tools on translated texts. The conclusion drawn from our statistical analysis reveals that no significant differences were detected between the groups we examined. This suggests that the tools and models we tested are, on average, similarly effective—or ineffective—at recognizing medical terms as categorized by our specific criteria. Our findings highlight the challenges in bridging the gap between human and machine accuracy in medical text annotation, especially in non-English contexts, and emphasize the need for further refinement of these technologies.
Efficacy of mini-endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery for pediatric kidney calculi: a single center retrospective study
Authors: Torii Koei , Hamamoto Shuzo , Taguchi Kazumi , Okada Shinsuke , Inoue Takaaki , Isogai Masahiko , Kawase Kengo , Sugino Teruaki , Unno Rei , Kato Taiki , Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro
Published: April 2024

Management of large pediatric kidney calculi (PKC) is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of miniature endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (mini-ECIRS) for PKC. We retrospectively analyzed mini-ECIRS in 16 pediatric patients undergoing kidney stone treatment between November 2014 and October 2023 to determine its safety, efficacy, and associated outcomes. The median age was 50.50 (interquartile range: 36.75, 84.75) months, and the mean stone size was 21.63 ± 11.65 mm. The stone-free rate was 81.25%. The median decrease in hemoglobin level on the day after surgery was 1.10 (0.80, 1.55), and no patient required a blood transfusion. The median number of general anesthesia procedures was 2.00 (2.00, 2.00). Postoperative complications included fever in two patients and difficulty in removing the ureteral stent in one patient. In this cohort, five patients underwent pre-stenting under general anesthesia before mini-ECIRS. Age was significantly lower in the pre-stenting group than in the non-pre-stenting (P < 0.01); however, there were no significant differences in operative time, stone-free rate, total number of general anesthesia procedures, hemoglobin loss, or postoperative hospital stay between the groups. Mini-ECIRS was found to be a safe and efficient treatment method with a high stone removal rate in pediatric patients.