bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New generation Energy Performance Certificate: Development and application in an Italian case study as an EU proof of concept
Authors: Salvalai Graziano , Sesana Marta Maria , Isacco Ilaria
Published: May 2024

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive recast, voted in March 2024, aims to boost the amelioration of the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) with the introduction of new indicators in a dedicated template (Annex V), as a key tool towards the decarbonization of the building sector, in line with the Green Deal’s climate neutrality goals. In this context, the H2020 Energy Performance Certificate Recast project develops a new generation of EPC focused on existing residential buildings. The paper presents the state of progress of the Energy Performance Certificate Recast methodology, comparing it with the standard national procedure in different EU partner countries. The novelty of the work is the testing methodology of a new generation of this tool, which aims to overcome the barriers identified in the current EPC procedure across Europe and to validate the reliability and user-friendliness of this new approach. The final goal of the work is to prove the applicability and potentialities of this innovative approach, providing a clear and punctual presentation of each step of the assessment and the testing methodology of the new generation of Energy Performance Certificate, coupled with its application in an Italian case study as a Proof of Concept.
Assessment of indoor environmental comfort in a recently renovated office building in Messina city
Authors: Savoca Ludovica Maria Sofia
Published: May 2024

In recent decades, the construction industry has made significant progress in promoting sustainable buildings, with a particular emphasis on reducing environ-mental impact and energy efficiency. However, human well-being and occupant health have become increasingly central themes in this field. Awareness of the fact that the quality of buildings can significantly influence people’s health and psychophysical well-being has grown, leading to the adoption of a new approach in building design and evaluation. The main objective of this work is to explore the foundations for defining a “Healthy Building,” present a measurement model that takes into account various key aspects - thermal comfort, acoustic comfort, biophilia, functional efficiency of the workspace, perception of air quality, lighting quality, light colour and rendering, cleanliness, personal control of systems, privacy, emergency situations, and occupational safety prevention measures, among others that contribute to the well-being of building occupants, and propose design rules/hypotheses through a case study office building located in the city of Messina. This approach is based on sustainability principles, but it goes beyond, focusing on the comfort, health, and well-being of people living and working in these spaces, examining the various aspects of a “Healthy Building” and how they can be measured and properly certified.
CASCINA OREMO: A Renovation of a building for people with disabilities, where we all learn to achieve efficiency together
Authors: Riva Gabriele , Magri Massimiliano , Catone Marco
Published: May 2024

Cascina Oremo is a group of buildings conceived by the “Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Biella” to accommodate associations that focus on childhood disabilities. It is a multifunctional complex converted from an old farmhouse located in Biella. It consists of two different buildings: the multifunctional farmhouse building, created by renovating the existing farmhouse structure, and the pool building, a new building that houses the pool and sports areas. It hosts four different associations, each allocated specific spaces. This case study aims to illustrate the automation and control system choices, particularly highlighting the metering not only for cost allocation in accordance with DLgs 102/14 but also for interfacing with the Building Management System designed to assist the designer in ensuring that the building’s performance adheres to the project specifications over time and improves the overall system efficiency within the Deming cycle perspective. Furthermore, it integrates with Artificial Intelligence and the smart grid. The Building Management System also serves as an enabling platform for informing occupants to achieve a high level of Sustainable and Responsible Investment.
The Team Focus on Improving Blood Transfusion
Authors: McMillan D. , Brady P. , Foot C. , Levy R. , Thomson A.
Published: May 2024

The current literature pertaining to associated morbidity and mortality with homologous blood transfusion in the surgical patient seems to be pointing only in one direction, which is we must start reducing our patients exposure to homologous blood and products. There appears to be ever mounting evidence of increases in infraction, stroke, transfusion related lung injury, infection, and death that authors are associating with transfusion. A number of authors are reporting success in reducing their patients’ requirements for homologous transfusion simply by working as a team or what is known as a multidisciplinary approach and following set transfusion protocols and algorithms. At our institution we have taken note of these reports and have taken the first steps in the formation of a Cardiac Surgical Transfusion Management Group where all specialties involved in the decision making process of transfusion in the cardiac surgical patient can have representation and be directly involved in the establishment of protocols, transfusion algorithms, and a transfusion audit system. The main goal of this group is to implement a change in transfusion practice and to assess the impact the change has had on transfusion requirements and make appropriate recommendations to the treating specialists.
Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma—A Clinicopathological Study of a Series of 11 Cases
Authors: Menon Aswathy A. , Rane Swapnil , Sakhadeo Uma , Prakash Gagan , Joshi Amit , Pal Mahendra , Arora Amandeep , Sable Nilesh , Katdare Aparna , Popat Palak , Maitre Priyamvada , Agarwal Archi , Murthy Vedang , Desai Sangeetha B. , Menon Santosh
Published: May 2024

Introduction Fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare, molecularly defined renal tumor with aggressive behavior. The diagnosis of these tumors is challenging because of varied morphology and limited access to molecular testing and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for FH and 2-succinocysteine. We aim to elucidate the histomorphology, clinical presentation, and follow-up of this tumor in this first series of cases of FH-deficient RCCs from India.

Objectives This article aims to understand and elucidate the clinical presentation, pathologic findings, treatment options, and outcomes of FH-deficient RCC.

Materials and Methods Diagnosed cases of FH-deficient RCC between January 2021 and January 2023 including clinical details were retrieved from the electronic medical record database. Histopathological and immunohistochemical slides were reviewed.

Results Out of 11 cases of FH-deficient RCC, 36% had been referred with a diagnosis of type 2 papillary RCC. One patient presented with metastatic disease. All had mixed histologic patterns with the predominant pattern being papillary and showed FH loss on IHC. The classically described inclusion like nucleoli was present only focally in most cases. A subset of tumors had low-grade solid-nested morphology and these patients presented at an earlier stage (T2a). Two patients on multikinase inhibitors are alive with disease at 14 months' follow-up.

Conclusion FH-deficient RCCs can have varied histologic patterns within the same tumor and show loss of FH expression by IHC. A subset has low grade morphology and tends to have a more indolent course. It is important to have a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis due to its varied histological appearance and aggressive behavior.
Exploring the Role of EZH2 and BCL2 in Demarcating Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia and Verrucous Carcinoma
Authors: Chatterjee Shreya , Devi Anju , Kamboj Mala , Narwal Anjali
Published: May 2024

Introduction Oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) and verrucous carcinoma (OVC) are precursors of oral squamous cell carcinoma exhibiting overlapping histopathological picture which warrants distinction. EZH2 is an epigenetic marker possessing multifaceted function in cellular proliferation, migration, and malignant transformation, whereas BCL2 is an integral part of the antiapoptotic mechanism regulating cellular homeostasis.

Aim The aim was to distinguish OVH and OVC by analysis of immunohistochemical expression of EZH2 and BCL2.

Material and Methods The study sample consisted of 79 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of normal oral mucosa (10), OVH (10), oral OVC (27), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (32). Immunohistochemical analysis of EZH2 and BCL2 was done and labeling indices were calculated. Additionally, six histopathological parameters were assessed in OVH and OVC. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal–Wallis test, Tukey honest significant difference test, and Spearman's correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted and sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff score of each marker were calculated.

Result and Discussion Labeling indices of EZH2 and BCL2 depicted a gradual incline from normal mucosa to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Significant difference of EZH2 and nonsignificant difference in BCL2 expression between OVH and OVC were noted. Out of the six histopathological parameters, keratin plugging, juxtaepithelial lymphocytic response, and frank endophytic growth yielded a significant difference. EZH2 serves as a superior marker than BCL2 to differentiate OVH and OVC. Juxtaepithelial lymphocytic response can also serve as a histopathological parameter in distinguishing OVH and OVC.
Building comfortable ultra-high-speed elevators
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: May 2024

Linking the flow field and sound field in the annular space of the ultra-high-speed elevator car under different guiding shapes.
Analysis of virtual power plants participating in the optimization operation of the electricity-carbon joint market based on the EEMD–IBA–Markov chain
Authors: Tang Difei , Li Yongbo , Jiang Hailong , Cheng Honghu , Wang Sheng , Chen Yuguo , Duan Pian , Sun Bingying
Published: May 2024

To enhance the utilization of clean energy sources, such as wind power and photovoltaic within virtual power plants, and mitigate carbon emissions, this paper proposes a virtual power plant participation in the electricity carbon joint market optimization operation model based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition–improved bat algorithm (IBA)–Markov chain new energy output prediction. First, complementary set empirical mode decomposition is performed on historical data to construct a Markov chain based wind power and photovoltaic prediction model optimized by IBA. Second, this prediction model is used to predict the daily generation power of wind power and photovoltaic power. Finally, with the optimization goals of maximizing the benefits and minimizing the carbon costs of virtual power plants, a virtual power plant system participating in the electricity carbon joint market model based on wind power and photovoltaic output prediction results is constructed. At the same time, demand response factors are introduced and solved using the NSGA-II algorithm. Taking a certain park as an example for simulation analysis, the research results show that the combined effect of carbon market and demand response can achieve 99.82% of new energy consumption in virtual power plants without significantly reducing profits, basically achieving complete new energy consumption, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model in this paper.
Multi-color emission based on InGaN/GaN micro-truncated pyramid arrays
Authors: Jia Wei , Du Zhiwei , Zhang Lifan , Yin Ruimei , Dong Hailiang , Li Tianbao , Jia Zhigang , Xu Bingshe
Published: May 2024

3D micro-nano devices are expected to become the mainstay of multi-color solid-state lighting in the future because of their broad-band characteristic and the advantage of integrating the monolithic light-emitting diode on a single chip. In this work, InGaN/GaN micro-truncated pyramid arrays with six equivalent (101̄1) semi-polar facets and one (0001) polar facet were successfully prepared by the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technology. The average diameter of the obtained uniform micro-truncated pyramids was 6.8 µm with a height of 2.4 µm. According to the results of micro-photoluminescence performed, the InGaN/GaN micro-truncated pyramid arrays can achieve multi-color emission from blue to red. The luminescent positions corresponding to different wavelengths were detected by the cathode luminescence spectrum. The multi-color emission was related to the quantum hybrid structures apart from the discrepancy of In composition in different positions. The developed microstructure can create multi-color emission by combining distinct luminescence modes, which can aid in the design of future optoelectronic devices.
Ultrafast planarization of photoexcited ligands in metal–organic frameworks gates charge transfer to promote photocatalysis
Authors: Lancaster Logan S. , Krueger Taylor D. , Chen Cheng , Musa Emmanuel Nyela , Lessard Jacob M. , Chiu Nan-Chieh , Nord Makenzie T. , Stylianou Kyriakos C. , Fang Chong
Published: May 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a highly tunable class of porous materials with wide-ranging applications from gas capture to photocatalysis. Developing these exciting properties to their fullest extent requires a thorough mechanistic understanding of the structure–function relationships. We implement an ultrafast spectroscopic toolset, femtosecond transient absorption and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), to elucidate the correlated electronic and vibrational dynamics of two isostructural 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid)pyrene (TBAPy)-based MOFs, which manifest drastically different photocatalytic behaviors. Systematic comparisons between the M3+-TBAPy MOFs and bare ligands in various environments reveal the unproductive dimer formation in Al-TBAPy, whereas Sc-TBAPy is dominated by a catalytically active charge-transfer (CT) process. Two ground-state FSRS marker bands of the TBAPy ligand at ∼1267 and 1617 cm−1 probe the chromophore environment at thermal equilibrium. For comparison, the excited-state FSRS of Sc-TBAPy suspended in neutral water unveils a key ∼300 fs twisting motion of the TBAPy peripheral phenyl groups toward planarity, promoting an efficient generation of CT species. This motion also exhibits high sensitivity to solvent environment, which can be a useful probe; we also showed the CT variation for ultrafast dynamics of Sc-TBAPy in the glyphosate aqueous solution. These new insights showcase the power of table-top tunable FSRS methodology to delineate structural dynamics of functional molecular systems in action, including MOFs and other photosensitive “nanomachines.” We expect the uncovered ligand motions (ultrafast planarization) to enable the targeted design of new MOFs with improved CT state characteristics (formation and lifetime) to power applications, including photocatalysis and herbicide removal from waterways.
Quantifying the large contribution from orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect to the effective damping-like torque on magnetization
Authors: Krishnia S. , Bony B. , Rongione E. , Vicente-Arche L. Moreno , Denneulin T. , Pezo A. , Lu Y. , Dunin-Borkowski R. E. , Collin S. , Fert A. , George J.-M. , Reyren N. , Cros V. , Jaffrès H.
Published: May 2024

The generation of large spin currents, and the associated spin torques, which are at the heart of modern spintronics, has long been achieved by charge-to-spin conversion mechanisms, i.e., the spin Hall effect and/or the Rashba–Edelstein effect, intrinsically linked to strong spin–orbit coupling. Recently, a novel path has been predicted and observed for achieving significant current-induced torques originating from light elements, hence possessing weak spin–orbit interaction. These findings point out to the potential involvement of the orbital counterpart of electrons, namely the orbital Hall and orbital Rashba–Edelstein effects. In this study, we aim at quantifying these orbital-related contributions to the effective torques acting on a thin Co layer in different systems. First, we demonstrate in Pt|Co|Cu|AlOx stacking a comparable torque strength coming from the conversion due to the orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect at the Cu|AlOx interface and the one from the effective spin Hall effect in the bottom Pt|Co system. Second, in order to amplify the orbital-to-spin conversion, we investigate the impact of an intermediate Pt layer in Co|Pt|Cu|CuOx. From the Pt thickness dependence of the effective torques determined by harmonic Hall measurements complemented by spin Hall magneto-resistance and THz spectroscopy experiments, we demonstrate that a large orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect is present at the Cu|CuOx interface, leading to a twofold enhancement of the net torques on Co for the optimal Pt thickness. Our findings not only demonstrate the crucial role that orbital currents can play in low-dimensional systems with weak spin–orbit coupling but also reveal that they enable more energy efficient manipulation of magnetization in spintronic devices.
Flax/ramie hybrid fibers enhanced with SiC nanoparticles
Authors: Sathish T. , Giri Jayant , Saravanan R. , Makki Emad
Published: May 2024

To create a hybrid material of ramie and flax fibers with silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles, it should have better thermal and mechanical properties. Across industries, sustainable materials are growing in demand for high performance, which is the impetus behind this study. A sustainable future is more about contributing to sustainable alternatives like ramie and flax fibers made from traditional synthetic materials. A key area focused on increasing strength, temperature resistance, and stiffness will be the addition of SiC nanoparticles to hybrid fibers. The research process carefully mixes the ramie and flax fibers with SiC nanoparticles to achieve optimal flexibility, thermal stability, and balance of strength. Hybrid material is examined using characterization techniques such as mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy to determine the functioning of the microstructure. The possibility of composite material recycling, the impact of hybrid fibers, and accounting for natural fibers for sustainability are considered possible in this research. It should be innovative material development that has significant implications from the findings that meet environmental sustainability goals and satisfy performance requirements.
Research on optimization of improved short-term load composite forecasting model based on AM–CNN–Bi–LSTM
Authors: Zhao Xueyuan , Ying Xiaoyu , Ge Jian , Xu Tingting , Qian Fanyue , Tan Yang , Dai Xujun , Gao Weijun
Published: May 2024

Accurate load prediction is a prerequisite for the design, operation, scheduling, and management of energy systems. In the context of the development of smart grids, the extensive integration of highly volatile distributed energy generation into the power system has brought new challenges to the accuracy, reliability, real-time performance, and intelligence of short-term load forecasting. Therefore, this article proposes a novel short-term power load composite prediction model based on AM–CNN–Bi–LSTM. First, CNN is used to extract relevant feature quantities of power load coupling characteristics. Then, AM is used to evaluate the importance of the feature data, highlighting the features that have a greater impact on the prediction results. Finally, the Bi-LSTM network captures bidirectional temporal information from multiple time steps for prediction. Taking one year of measured data as an example, the error comparison of the prediction results of the composite prediction model overlay shows that compared with other models, the composite prediction model has improved prediction accuracy, feature extraction, generalization ability, and other aspects. The research results improve the accuracy of short-term power load forecasting while providing effective model references for decision-making in power system optimization scheduling, safe operation, and reasonable pricing.
Cryogenic magnetocaloric effects of NaLnF4 (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb)
Authors: Liu Peng , Ren Weijun , Guo Qing , Zhang Zhao , Zhao Xueting , Zhang Zhidong , Dai Wei , Li Bing
Published: May 2024

Cryogenic refrigeration technology based on magnetocaloric effects plays a critical role in a variety of technological applications. In this paper, we report the cryogenic magnetocaloric effects of a series of sodium-rare earth fluoride samples (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. These compounds all crystallize in a hexagonal crystal structure. Down to 2 K, no magnetic ordering was detected, while all compounds show negative Curie–Weiss temperatures indicative of strong antiferromagnetic coupling. Magnetic fields effectively suppress the magnetic fluctuations, leading to a maximum magnetic entropy change of −56 J kg−1 K−1 in NaGdF4 at the magnetic field change from 0 to 50 kOe. These series of compounds are potentially excellent magnetic refrigerants at low temperatures.
Synthesis and high-temperature energy storage performances of fluorinated polyimides
Authors: Yan Jingjing , Wang Huan , Zhang Xin , Zhang Shujun
Published: May 2024

In light of the increasingly stringent requirements for the applications of light-weight flexible high-temperature-resistant dielectric materials in the fields of aerospace, electronics, and electric vehicles, the imperative lies in the development of dielectric materials with high discharged energy density, enduring temperature resistance and high reliability. This work introduced side-chain trifluoromethyl (–CF3) groups into high-temperature engineering polymer polyimides and conducted comprehensive studies on the breakdown and energy storage capabilities. The introduction of bulky –CF3 substituents reduces the intermolecular interactions, increases the free volume, and suppresses the high-temperature leakage conductance loss by decreasing the formation of intermolecular charge transfer complexes between polymer chains. As a result, the fluorinated polyimides (PFI) with lower dielectric constant exhibit enhanced breakdown strengths (730 MV m−1 at 25 °C; 630 MV m−1 at 150 °C), leading to a high discharged energy density of 3.6 J cm−3 (∼1.7 times of pristine polyimides), alongside a charge-discharge energy efficiency of ∼80% at 150 °C. These findings underscore the great potential of PFI for applications in the field of high-temperature energy storage.
Inverse unit exponential probability distribution: Classical and Bayesian inference with applications
Authors: Alsadat Najwan , Taniş Caner , Sapkota Laxmi Prasad , Kumar Anoop , Marzouk Waleed , Gemeay Ahmed M.
Published: May 2024

This article examines the new inverse unit exponential distribution, utilizing both classical and Bayesian methodologies; it begins by presenting the general properties of the proposed model, highlighting characteristic features, such as the presence of a reverse-J or increasing and inverted bathtub-shaped hazard rate function. Furthermore, it explores various statistical properties of the suggested distribution. It employs 12 methods to estimate the associated parameters. A Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the estimation procedure. Even for small samples, the results indicate that biases and mean square errors decrease as the sample size increases, demonstrating the robustness of the estimation method. The application of the suggested distribution to real datasets is then discussed. Empirical evidence, using model selection criteria and goodness-of-fit test statistics, supports the assertion that the suggested model outperforms several existing models considered in the study. This article extends its analysis to the Bayesian framework. Using the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with the no U-turn sampling algorithm, 8000 real samples are generated. The convergence assessment reveals that the chains are convergent and the samples are independent. Subsequently, using the posterior samples, the parameters of the proposed model are estimated, and credible intervals and highest posterior density intervals are computed to quantify uncertainty. The applicability of the suggested model to real data under both classical and Bayesian methodologies provides insights into its statistical properties and performance compared to existing models.
A distinct, high-affinity, alkaline phosphatase facilitates occupation of P-depleted environments by marine picocyanobacteria
Authors: Torcello-Requena Alberto , Murphy Andrew R. J. , Lidbury Ian D. E. A. , Pitt Frances D. , Stark Richard , Millard Andrew D. , Puxty Richard J. , Chen Yin , Scanlan David J.
Published: May 2024

Marine picocyanobacteria of the genera
Prochlorococcus
and
Synechococcus
, the two most abundant phototrophs on Earth, thrive in oligotrophic oceanic regions. While it is well known that specific lineages are exquisitely adapted to prevailing in situ light and temperature regimes, much less is known of the molecular machinery required to facilitate occupancy of these low-nutrient environments. Here, we describe a hitherto unknown alkaline phosphatase, Psip1, that has a substantially higher affinity for phosphomonoesters than other well-known phosphatases like PhoA, PhoX, or PhoD and is restricted to clade III
Synechococcus
and a subset of high light I-adapted
Prochlorococcus
strains, suggesting niche specificity. We demonstrate that Psip1 has undergone convergent evolution with PhoX, requiring both iron and calcium for activity and likely possessing identical key residues around the active site, despite generally very low sequence homology. Interrogation of metagenomes and transcriptomes from TARA oceans and an Atlantic Meridional transect shows that
psip1
is abundant and highly expressed in picocyanobacterial populations from the Mediterranean Sea and north Atlantic gyre, regions well recognized to be phosphorus (P)-deplete. Together, this identifies
psip1
as an important oligotrophy-specific gene for P recycling in these organisms. Furthermore,
psip1
is not restricted to picocyanobacteria and is abundant and highly transcribed in some α-proteobacteria and eukaryotic algae, suggesting that such a high-affinity phosphatase is important across the microbial taxonomic world to occupy low-P environments.
THEMIS promotes T cell development and maintenance by rising the signaling threshold of the inhibitory receptor BTLA
Authors: Mélique Suzanne , Vadel Aurélie , Rouquié Nelly , Yang Cui , Bories Cyrielle , Cotineau Coline , Saoudi Abdelhadi , Fazilleau Nicolas , Lesourne Renaud
Published: May 2024

The current paradigm about the function of T cell immune checkpoints is that these receptors switch on inhibitory signals upon cognate ligand interaction. We here revisit this simple switch model and provide evidence that the T cell lineage protein THEMIS enhances the signaling threshold at which the immune checkpoint BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator) represses T cell responses. THEMIS is recruited to the cytoplasmic domain of BTLA and blocks its signaling capacity by promoting/stabilizing the oxidation of the catalytic cysteine of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. In contrast, THEMIS has no detectable effect on signaling pathways regulated by PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1), which depend mainly on the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. BTLA inhibitory signaling is tuned according to the THEMIS expression level, making CD8+ T cells more resistant to BTLA-mediated inhibition than CD4+ T cells. In the absence of THEMIS, the signaling capacity of BTLA is exacerbated, which results in the attenuation of signals driven by the T cell antigen receptor and by receptors for IL-2 and IL-15, consequently hampering thymocyte positive selection and peripheral CD8+ T cell maintenance. By characterizing the pivotal role of THEMIS in restricting the transmission of BTLA signals, our study suggests that immune checkpoint operability is conditioned by intracellular signal attenuators.
A TME-enlightened protein-binding photodynamic nanoinhibitor for highly effective oncology treatment
Authors: Cui Zepeng , Huang Baoxuan , Zheng Jiahao , Tian Jia , Zhang Weian
Published: May 2024

The efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is greatly dependent on intrinsic features of photosensitizers (PSs), but most PSs suffer from narrow diffusion distances and short life span of singlet oxygen (
1
O
2
). Here, to conquer this issue, we propose a strategy for in situ formation of complexes between PSs and proteins to deactivate proteins, leading to highly effective PDT. The tetrafluorophenyl bacteriochlorin (FBC), a strong near-infrared absorbing photosensitizer, can tightly bind to intracellular proteins to form stable complexes, which breaks through the space-time constraints of PSs and proteins. The generated singlet oxygen directly causes the protein dysfunction, leading to high efficiency of PSs. To enable efficient delivery of PSs, a charge-conversional and redox-responsive block copolymer POEGMA-
b
-(PAEMA/DMMA-
co
-BMA) (PB) was designed to construct a protein-binding photodynamic nanoinhibitor (FBC@PB), which not only prolongs blood circulation and enhances cellular uptake but also releases FBC on demand in tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, PDT-induced destruction of cancer cells could produce tumor-associated antigens which were capable to trigger robust antitumor immune responses, facilitating the eradication of residual cancer cells. A series of experiments in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that this multifunctional nanoinhibitor provides a promising strategy to extend photodynamic immunotherapy.
DNA polymerase delta governs parental histone transfer to DNA replication lagging strand
Authors: Tian Congcong , Zhang Qin , Jia Jing , Zhou Jiaqi , Zhang Ziwei , Karri Srinivasu , Jiang Jiuhang , Dickinson Quinn , Yao Yuan , Tang Xiaorong , Huang Yuxin , Guo Ting , He Ziwei , Liu Zheng , Gao Yuan , Yang Xinran , Wu Yuchun , Chan Kui Ming , Zhang Daoqin , Han Junhong , Yu Chuanhe , Gan Haiyun
Published: May 2024

Chromatin replication is intricately intertwined with the recycling of parental histones to the newly duplicated DNA strands for faithful genetic and epigenetic inheritance. The transfer of parental histones occurs through two distinct pathways: leading strand deposition, mediated by the DNA polymerase ε subunits Dpb3/Dpb4, and lagging strand deposition, facilitated by the MCM helicase subunit Mcm2. However, the mechanism of the facilitation of Mcm2 transferring parental histones to the lagging strand while moving along the leading strand remains unclear. Here, we show that the deletion of Pol32, a nonessential subunit of major lagging-strand DNA polymerase δ, results in a predominant transfer of parental histone H3–H4 to the leading strand during replication. Biochemical analyses further demonstrate that Pol32 can bind histone H3–H4 both in vivo and in vitro. The interaction of Pol32 with parental histone H3–H4 is disrupted through the mutation of the histone H3–H4 binding domain within Mcm2. Our findings identify the DNA polymerase δ subunit Pol32 as a critical histone chaperone downstream of Mcm2, mediating the transfer of parental histones to the lagging strand during DNA replication.
Transport signatures of Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces in normal metal/time-reversal symmetry broken d-wave superconductor junctions
Authors: Pal Amartya , Saha Arijit , Dutta Paramita
Published: May 2024

In recent times, Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces (BFSs) in superconductors (SCs) have drawn significant attention due to a substantial population of Bogoliubov quasiparticles (BQPs) together with Cooper pairs (CPs) in them. The BQPs as zero energy excitations give rise to captivating and intricate charge dynamics within the BFSs. In this theoretical study, we propose to reveal the unique signatures of the topologically protected BFSs in bulk d-wave SCs using normal metal/time-reversal symmetry (TRS) broken d-wave SC hybrid setup, in terms of the differential conductance and Fano factor (FF). Orientation of crystal a axis with respect to junction normal, quantified by the parameter α, is crucial for transport properties in these hybrid devices. For α = 0, an enhancement in zero-bias conductance (ZBC) can be identified as a key signature of BFSs. However, for

α
≠
0

, this feature does not replicate due to the presence of the localized Andreev bound state (ABS) at the interface. The interplay of ABS and BFSs gives rise to an anomalous behavior in ZBC compared to the α = 0 case. This behavior remains qualitatively similar even at finite temperatures. Finally, we explain this anomalous behavior by analyzing the effective charge of the carriers in terms of the FF. The simplicity of our setup based on d-wave SC makes our proposal persuasive.
Ion acoustic solitary waves in an adiabatic dusty plasma: Roles of superthermal electrons, ion loss and ionization
Authors: Rao 饶 Qianghua 强华 , Chen 陈 Hui 辉 , Liu 刘 Sanqiu 三秋 , Chen 陈 Xiaochang 小昌
Published: May 2024

We investigate propagation of dust ion acoustic solitary wave (DIASW) in a multicomponent dusty plasma with adiabatic ions, superthermal electrons, and stationary dust. The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the damped Korteweg–de Vries (DKdV) equation which describes DIASW. The result reveals that the adiabaticity of ions significantly modifies the basic features of the DIASW. The ionization effect makes the solitary wave grow, while collisions reduce the growth rate and even lead to the damping. With the increases in ionization cross section Δσ/σ
0, ion-to-electron density ratio δ
ie and superthermal electrons parameter κ, the effect of ionization on DIASW enhances.
Mixed (regular and chaotic) dynamics under the channeling of the high energy positrons in [100] direction of the silicon crystal and Podolskiy-Narimanov distribution
Authors: Syshchenko V.V. , Tarnovsky A.I. , Isupov A.Yu.
Published: May 2024

The character of motion (regular or chaotic) on the quantum level manifests itself in the statistics of the set of the system's energy levels. The completely regular case generates the sequence of the levels with exponential (Poisson) level spacing distribution; the completely chaotic one — with Wigner distribution. The most interesting case is the co-existence of the regular and chaotic motion domains in the phase space of the system under consideration. The assumption of independent generation of two level sequencies by one chaotic domain and by all regular domains leads to Berry-Robnik distribution. However, the presence of the chaotic motion domain in the phase space affects the levels produced by the regular domains via the so-called chaos-assisted tunneling (CAT) that leads to Podolskiy-Narimanov distribution of the level spacings. This distribution needs the mean amplitude of the tunnel transition and the relative contribution of the regular domains to the mean level density as the parameters. Using their estimations for the transverse motion of the high energy positrons channeling near [100] direction in the silicon crystal we found that Podolskiy-Narimanov distribution demonstrates the best agreement with the level spacing distribution.
Design of a Talbot phase-contrast microscopy imaging system with a digital detector for laser-driven X-ray backlighter sources
Authors: Schreiner S. , Rauch C. , Akstaller B. , Bleuel P. , Fröjdh E. , Ludwig V. , Martynenko A.S. , Meyer P. , Mozzanica A. , Müller M. , Neumayer P. , Schuster M. , Wegert L. , Zielbauer B. , Wolf A. , Anton G. , Michel T. , Funk S.
Published: May 2024

Laser-driven shock waves in matter propagate with multiple kilometers per second and therefore require sources like a laser-driven backlighter, which emit the X-rays within picoseconds, to be able to capture sharp images. The small spatial extent of shocks in low-density materials pose challenges on the imaging setup. In this work, we present a design process for a single-shot X-ray phase-contrast imaging system geared towards these objects, consisting of a two-grating Talbot interferometer and a digital X-ray detector. This imaging system is optimized with respect to the detectable refraction angle of the X-rays induced by an object, which implies a high phase sensitivity. Therefore, an optimization parameter is defined that considers experimental constraints such as the limited number of photons, the required magnification, the size and spectrum of the X-ray source, and the visibility of the moiré fringes. In this way, a large parameter space is sampled and a suitable imaging system is chosen.
During a campaign at the PHELIX high-power laser facility a static test sample was imaged which is used to benchmark the optimization process and the imaging system under real conditions. The results show good agreement with the predicted performance, which demonstrates the reliability of the presented design process. Likewise, the process can be adapted to other types of laser experiments or X-ray sources and is not limited to the application presented here.
Determination of impact parameter for CEE with digi-input neural networks
Authors: Wang Botan , Wang Yi , Han Dong , Xiao Zhigang , Zhang Yapeng
Published: May 2024

The impact parameter characterizes the centrality in nucleus-nucleus collision geometry. The determination of impact parameters in real experiments is usually based on the reconstructed particle attributes or the derived event-level observables. For the scheduled Cooler-storage-ring External-target Experiment (CEE), the low beam energy reduces correlation between the impact parameter and charged particle multiplicity, which decreases the validity of the explicit determination methods. This work investigates a few neural network-based models that directly take the digitized signals from the external Time-of-flight detectors as input. The model with the best performance shows a mean absolute error of 0.479 fm with simulated U-U collisions at 0.5 AGeV. The performances of the models implemented with digi inputs are compared with reference models with phase space inputs, showing the capability of neural networks to handle the original but potentially interrelated digitized signal information.
Mass production and performance study on the 20-inch PMT acrylic protection covers in JUNO
Authors: He Miao , Qin Zhonghua , Wu Diru , Xu Meihang , Xie Wan , Chen Fang , Jing Xiaoping , Yin Genhua , Yin Shengjiong , Gu Linhua , Xia Xiaofeng , Wang Qinchang
Published: May 2024

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory is a neutrino
experiment that incorporates 20,012 20-inch photomultiplier tubes
(PMTs) and 25,600 3-inch PMTs. A dedicated system was designed to
protect the PMTs from an implosion chain reaction underwater. As a
crucial element of the protection system, over 20,000 acrylic covers
were manufactured through injection molding, ensuring high
dimensional precision, mechanical strength, and transparency. This
paper presents the manufacturing technology, mass production
process, and performance characteristics of the acrylic covers.
Questioning Spatial Inclusivity during Pandemics: The Increased Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome during COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Alam M
Published: May 2024

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is more prevalent in the modern age due to the increased amount of time an individual faces indoors and the lack of outdoor activities in the day-to-day lifestyle. SBS has many potential health risks, from being the physical ones such as cancer, diabetes, lethargy, fatigue; towards the mental ones such as increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, and loneliness; towards the social ones such as an individual having difficulties interacting with another individual(s). Furthermore, due to the COVID-19 Pandemic that has given rise to ‘work-from-home’ (WFH), employees feel worse than ever before because of the poor quality of their indoors. In this work, recommendations to solve this problem are being provided. (keywords: sick building syndrome (SBS), COVID-19, Work-from-home)
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of breaking waves
Authors: Dinesh Kumar E , Sannasiraj S A , Sundar V
Published: May 2024

Water wave breaking at the ocean’s surface is a turbulent phenomenon and encompasses a wide range of physical processes such as generation of bubbles/drops with different spatio-temporal scales. In the present study, breaking of periodic waves in deep water regime has been simulated using phase-field lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Compared to direct Navier–Stokes equation based numerical models, the present LB model is Poisson-free and explicit in time integration. Both the flow field and interface are solved using LBM with two sets of distribution functions. The normalized pressure-velocity formulation is used for the flow field, whereas the conservative Allen–Cahn equation is used to capture the interface. An impulsively started wave approach with Stokes third order wave profile has been used to initiate the breaking process. Through systematic variation of Weber number and initial steepness, the effect of surface tension on the kinematic, geometric, and energy dissipation characteristics has been studied for three breaker types, viz., spilling, weak plunging, and plunging breakers. The results are in good agreement with the past experimental observations and direct numerical simulation. In particular, the obtained breaking strength for different Weber numbers agrees well with the semi-empirical relation used in a wind-wave forecasting models.
A new approach of aspheric intralamellar keratoprostheses optic design made with poly(2-hydroxy ethylmethacrylate) hydrogel
Authors: Sunka Krishna Chaitanya , Ghosh Atriya , Ganguly Pranabendu , Chaudhuri Bhaskar Ray , Dhara Santanu
Published: May 2024

Keratoprosthesis (KPro) is a surgical procedure largely confined to end-stage corneal blindness correction, where artificial cornea substitutes the native tissue. Though the problem of bio integration was addressed partially by strategic utilization of synthetic polymers and native tissue, major challenges like optical performance and design-associated post-operative complications of KPro were overlooked. Herein, a novel intralamellar KPro design is conceptualized to address these challenges using a light-transparent poly(2-hydroxy ethylmethacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogel with good shape memory. pHEMA-based optics’ theoretically modelled refractive surfaces for both phakic and aphakic conditions were investigated against the standard Navarro model and optimized to new aspheric geometries having high optical functionality utilizing the Zemax OpticStudio software. The optical clear aperture size standardized achieved a 15% improvement in the illumination field. The introduction of asphericity on the two refractive surfaces of the optic on both models resulted in substantial improvements in the spot spread confinement on the retina, spatial resolution, and Seidel aberration. The design simulation study shows that the developed materials’ optical characteristics coupled with newly optimized refractive surface geometries can indeed deliver very high visual performance. Furthermore, the procedure can be adapted to analyze and optimize the optical performance of a KPro, intraocular lens, or contact lens.
Attributing daily ocean temperatures to anthropogenic climate change
Authors: Giguere Joseph , Gilford Daniel M , Pershing Andrew J
Published: May 2024

Ocean temperatures are rising and hit record levels around the world in 2023. While trends are clear and likely strongly connected to human-caused climate change, the oceans also exhibit variability on the daily level, leading to local extremes such as marine heatwaves. We present an operational system to estimate the impact of human-caused climate change on daily sea surface temperatures anywhere in the ocean. This system uses a multi-method approach combining observed trends and paired control/forced climate model runs from CMIP6. Our approach is novel in its flexibility and ease of application for global, daily use for any day since the beginning of the satellite era (1982–2023). The system allows for rapid evaluation for further study of attributable ocean temperatures and real-time communications of attributable ongoing events. We apply the system to well-documented heatwaves in the Tasman Sea, Gulf of Maine, and Mediterranean Sea over the past decade, as well as global conditions in July 2023, to confirm that the system produces estimates consistent with other attribution methods, and to simulate how our system handles interesting events as they are occurring. Each of these events strongly reflected impacts of climate change: their temperatures were consistently made at least four times as likely to occur in our human-influenced climate than in a world without climate change. Meanwhile, in July 2023, almost all (

>

70

%) of the ocean’s temperatures were made at least twice as likely to occur on any given day. Rapid attribution of daily ocean temperatures provides a pathway for quantifying the influence of climate change on ecological impacts like coral bleaching and on ocean-generated/influenced storms like tropical cyclones.
DDID: a comprehensive resource for visualization and analysis of diet–drug interactions
Authors: Hong Yanfeng , Xu Hongquan , Liu Yuhong , Zhu Sisi , Tian Chao , Chen Gongxing , Zhu Feng , Tao Lin
Published: May 2024

Diet–drug interactions (DDIs) are pivotal in drug discovery and pharmacovigilance. DDIs can modify the systemic bioavailability/pharmacokinetics of drugs, posing a threat to public health and patient safety. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a platform to reveal the correlation between diets and drugs. Accordingly, we have established a publicly accessible online platform, known as Diet-Drug Interactions Database (DDID, https://bddg.hznu.edu.cn/ddid/), to systematically detail the correlation and corresponding mechanisms of DDIs. The platform comprises 1338 foods/herbs, encompassing flora and fauna, alongside 1516 widely used drugs and 23 950 interaction records. All interactions are meticulously scrutinized and segmented into five categories, thereby resulting in evaluations (positive, negative, no effect, harmful and possible). Besides, cross-linkages between foods/herbs, drugs and other databases are furnished. In conclusion, DDID is a useful resource for comprehending the correlation between foods, herbs and drugs and holds a promise to enhance drug utilization and research on drug combinations.
Toward solving the global green–green dilemma between wind energy production and bat conservation
Authors: Voigt Christian C , Bernard Enrico , Huang Joe Chun-Chia , Frick Winifred F , Kerbiriou Christian , MacEwan Kate , Mathews Fiona , Rodríguez-Durán Armando , Scholz Carolin , Webala Paul W , Welbergen Justin , Whitby Michael
Published: May 2024

Wind energy production is growing rapidly worldwide in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, wind energy production is not environmentally neutral. Negative impacts on volant animals, such as bats, include fatalities at turbines and habitat loss due to land-use change and displacement. Siting turbines away from ecologically sensitive areas and implementing measures to reduce fatalities are critical to protecting bat populations. Restricting turbine operations during periods of high bat activity is the most effective form of mitigation currently available to reduce fatalities. Compensating for habitat loss and offsetting mortality are not often practiced, because meaningful offsets are lacking. Legal frameworks to prevent or mitigate the negative impacts of wind energy on bats are absent in most countries, especially in emerging markets. Therefore, governments and lending institutions are key in reconciling wind energy production with biodiversity goals by requiring sufficient environmental standards for wind energy projects.