bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-perceived quality of life, cognitive and behavioural impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Radakovic Ratko , Carroll Amy , Altiero Alair , Reichwein Carrie , Walsh Susan , Niven Elaine , Abrahams Sharon , Simmons Zachary
Published: August 2024

Background

Self-perceived quality of life (QoL) is important in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although caregiver burden and strain have been related to cognitive and behavioural impairment, there has been no comprehensive research looking at these impairments and how they may influence self-perceived QoL subdomains.

Aims

To explore how cognitive and behavioural impairment are related to different areas of self-perceived QoL using disease-specific measures.

Methods

This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, observational cohort study, utilising existing specialist ALS clinic data. Clinical and demographic variables were available as well as multidimensional measures, ALS-specific QoL Short Form (ALSsQoL-SF) results and the data from the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS). Group comparison and regression analyses were performed.

Results

Data from 121 participants with ALS were analysed. 61.2% (N = 74) had either cognitive and/or behavioural impairment, with 28.9% (N = 35) with cognitive impairment (ALSci), 14.1% (N = 17) with behavioural impairment (ALSbi) and 18.2% (N = 22) with both (ALScbi). 38.8% (N = 47) were classified as having no impairments (ALSni). Those with ALSbi had significantly lower QoL in the domains of negative emotions and the interaction with people and the environment compared to those with ALSci and ALSni (ps < 0.05). Further, those with ALScbi had significantly lower QoL in the intimacy domains than those with ALSci and ALSni (ps < 0.05). Regression analysis showed specific cognitive and behavioural (inclusive of psychosis) predictors associated with specific QoL subdomains.

Conclusions

Behavioural impairments effect QoL in specific subdomains, namely relating to internalising (negative emotions) and externalising (interaction with people and the environment subdomains, intimacy).
Online harassment during COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis across 10 countries from the I-SHARE consortium
Authors: Uhlich Maximiliane , Tan Rayner K., J. , Azevedo Vanessa , Patrão Ana Luísa , dos Reis Ana Paula , Abdelhamed Amr , Bravo Raquel Gomez , Adebayo Emmanuel S. , Strizzi Jenna M. , Campbell Linda , Zhang Wei-Hong , Adesola Olumide , Eleuteri Stefano , Hensel Devon , Shamu Simukai , Sahakyan Satenik , Osiberu Adenik , Oyetunde Oloruntomiwa , Tucker Joseph D. ,   I.-SHARE Consortium
Published: August 2024

Aim

This study, wave 2 of the International Sexual Health and Reproductive Health (I-SHARE) study, aims to explore the prevalence and correlates of online harassment in 10 countries including low- and middle-income countries.

Subject and methods

Data were collected through the I-SHARE-2 survey from March 2021 to July 2022, in 10 countries (N = 2860) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Overall, 30% of participants reported that they believed online harassment was happening more frequently than before COVID-19; 20% of participants reported having received unsolicited advances, 17% reported having received unsolicited obscene images or videos, and 7% reported that someone had shared a photo or video of them doing something humiliating or embarrassing without permission. This perceived increase in online harassment during the pandemic was potentially due to more online behavior amid lockdowns. A mixed-effects logistic regression revealed that people identifying as gender/sexual minority, people with worse economic situations, and people living in a country with lower gender inequality had higher odds of experiencing online harassment.

Conclusion

These results align with prior research, emphasizing the vulnerability of minorities to online harassment. Our study findings have implications for the development of interventions to decrease online harassment.
Real-Time Monitoring of Human and Process Performance Parameters in Collaborative Assembly Systems using Multivariate Control Charts
Authors: Verna Elisa , Puttero Stefano , Genta Gianfranco , Galetto Maurizio
Published: August 2024

With the rise in customized product demands, the production of small batches with a wide variety of products is becoming more common. A high degree of flexibility is required from operators to manage changes in volumes and products, which has led to the use of Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) systems for custom manufacturing. However, this variety introduces complexity that affects production time, cost, and quality. To address this issue, multivariate control charts are used as diagnostic tools to evaluate the stability of several parameters related to both product/process and human well-being in HRC systems. These key parameters monitored include assembly time, quality control time, total defects, and operator stress, providing a more holistic view of system performance. Real-time monitoring of process performance along with human-related factors, which is rarely considered in statistical process control, provides comprehensive stability control over all customized product variants produced in the HRC system. The proposed approach includes defining the parameters to be monitored, constructing control charts, collecting data after product variant assembly, and verifying that the set of parameters is under control via control charts. This increases the system's responsiveness to both process inefficiencies and human well-being. The procedure can be automated by embedding control chart routines in the software of the HRC system or its digital twin, without adding additional tasks to the operator's workload. Its practicality and effectiveness are evidenced in custom electronic board assembly, highlighting its role in optimizing HRC system performance.
Effects of a 6-month dual-task, power-based exercise program on cognitive function, neurological and inflammatory markers in older adults: secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tait Jamie L. , Duckham Rachel L. , Rantalainen Timo , Milte Catherine M. , Main Luana C. , Nowson Caryl A. , Sanders Kerrie M. , Taaffe Dennis R. , Hill Keith D. , Abbott Gavin , Daly Robin M.
Published: August 2024

Functional power-based exercise training can improve physical performance in older adults and cognitive training can improve measures of cognition, but their combined effects on cognition and related risk factors (neurological and inflammatory markers) remains uncertain. This 6-month cluster randomised controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of dual-task functional power training (DT-FPT) on cognition and circulating neurological and inflammatory markers in older adults at increased falls risk, and whether intervention responses varied by apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms. Three hundred residents aged ≥ 65 years at increased falls risk residing in 22 independent-living retirement communities, were randomised by village, to DT-FPT (n = 156, 11 villages) involving a multi-component power-based training program performed simultaneously with cognitive and/or motor tasks (45–60 min, 2/week), or a usual care control (CON) group (n = 144, 11 villages). Cognition (computerized CogState battery), inflammatory cytokines, BDNF, insulin-like growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, amyloid β (1–40) and (1–42) were assessed at baseline and 6-months. Overall, 233 (78%) participants completed the intervention and adherence averaged 50.1%. DT-FPT led to a net 0.18–0.20 SD benefit versus CON in psychomotor ability/attention and reaction time/attention (both P < 0.05). There were no significant intervention effects on circulating markers, except for a net 10.5% benefit in amyloid β (1–40) in DT-FPT versus CON (P < 0.05). Responses were not influenced by APOE or BDNF genotype. In conclusion, DT-FPT in older adults at increased falls risk can provide some cognitive benefits, but these were not related to corresponding changes in inflammatory or neurological markers or influenced by genotype. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12613001161718). http://www.anzctr.org.au/ This project was funded by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Project (APP1046267).
A View from the Periphery Commentary on Philip Kitcher’s What’s the Use of Philosophy
Authors: Jaeggi Rahel
Published: August 2024

Comment on Philip Kitchers “What is the Use of Philosophy”, arguing that while Kitcher is right to insist on the practical relevance of philosophy one should be careful to distinguish this view from an instrumental understanding of philosophy. Maybe philosophy is of no use but still has an impact.
Antibacterial and antiviral activities of transparent PVA coating films prepared by using solutions containing eluted ions from rare earth iodates
Authors: Abe Kazuya , Sunada Kayano , Mochizuki Yasuhide , Isobe Toshihiro , Nagai Takeshi , Ishiguro Hitoshi , Nakajima Akira
Published: August 2024

After powders of three rare earth iodates (Ce(IO3)4, Ce(IO3)3, δ-La(IO3)3) were dispersed in water, the constituent ions were eluted. After filtration, polyvinyl alcohol was dissolved in the filtrated solution. Then the solution was flow-coated to form coating films on glass substrates. The obtained coating films exhibited high transmittance in the visible wavelength range. IO3− was confirmed from the IR spectra measured using the ATR method. Fine precipitates were observed in the coating. The amount was greater on the surface than inside. The coating films prepared from Ce(IO3)3 and δ-La(IO3)3 possessed high antibacterial and antiviral activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, bacteriophage Qβ, and bacteriophage Φ6 in the dark. Moreover, they inactivated viruses adsorbed from the gas phase.
Predicting relationship outcomes from rejection sensitivity in romantic couples: testing actor and partner effects
Authors: Mishra Mandira , Reis Samantha , Allen Mark S.
Published: August 2024

This study sought to test actor and partner effects of rejection sensitivity on romantic relationship outcomes. In total, 200 participants (100 mixed-sex couples; mean age = 36.17 ± 11.11 years) completed questionnaire measures at a single timepoint. After controlling for participant age and relationship duration, results showed that personal rejection sensitivity, but not partner rejection sensitivity, predicted self-report relationship outcomes for both men and women. Higher levels of rejection sensitivity were associated with lower levels of relationship satisfaction and relationship commitment, and higher levels of jealousy and self-silencing behaviour. Rejection sensitivity was unrelated to relationship investment. Multiple mediation models further demonstrated that anxious and avoidant attachment styles mediated associations between rejection sensitivity and relationship outcomes. Analyses of couple similarity in rejection sensitivity showed that couples report worse relationship outcomes when both partners score high on rejection sensitivity. Overall, the study provides evidence that rejection sensitivity has an important role in relationship outcomes among couples. Creating awareness of the role of rejection sensitivity in relationship outcomes might be a useful approach to improving relationship quality.
Federated Learning of XAI Models in Healthcare: A Case Study on Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ducange Pietro , Marcelloni Francesco , Renda Alessandro , Ruffini Fabrizio
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used in healthcare applications, although some challenges have not been completely overcome to make them fully trustworthy and compliant with modern regulations and societal needs. First of all, sensitive health data, essential to train AI systems, are typically stored and managed in several separate medical centers and cannot be shared due to privacy constraints, thus hindering the use of all available information in learning models. Further, transparency and explainability of such systems are becoming increasingly urgent, especially at a time when “opaque” or “black-box” models are commonly used. Recently, technological and algorithmic solutions to these challenges have been investigated: on the one hand, federated learning (FL) has been proposed as a paradigm for collaborative model training among multiple parties without any disclosure of private raw data; on the other hand, research on eXplainable AI (XAI) aims to enhance the explainability of AI systems, either through interpretable by-design approaches or post-hoc explanation techniques. In this paper, we focus on a healthcare case study, namely predicting the progression of Parkinson’s disease, and assume that raw data originate from different medical centers and data collection for centralized training is precluded due to privacy limitations. We aim to investigate how FL of XAI models can allow achieving a good level of accuracy and trustworthiness. Cognitive and biologically inspired approaches are adopted in our analysis: FL of an interpretable by-design fuzzy rule-based system and FL of a neural network explained using a federated version of the SHAP post-hoc explanation technique. We analyze accuracy, interpretability, and explainability of the two approaches, also varying the degree of heterogeneity across several data distribution scenarios. Although the neural network is generally more accurate, the results show that the fuzzy rule-based system achieves competitive performance in the federated setting and presents desirable properties in terms of interpretability and transparency.
LncRNA MALAT-1 modulates EGFR-TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells by downregulating miR-125
Authors: Luo Jie , Ren Qiaoya , Liu Xiaoxi , Zheng Qian , Yang Ling , Meng Mi , Ma Hu , He Sisi
Published: August 2024

Molecular targeted therapy resistance remains a major challenge in treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The resistance of Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs, epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor) plays a dominant role in molecular targeted therapy. Our previous research demonstrated the role of MALAT-1 (Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) in the formation of Erlotinib-resistant LUAD cells. This study aims to uncover the mechanism of MALAT-1 overexpression in Erlotinib-resistant LUAD cells. The RT2 LncRNA PCR array system was used to explore MALAT-1 regulation in Erlotinib-resistant LUAD cells through patient serum analysis. Dual luciferase reporter experiments confirmed the binding between MALAT-1 and miR-125, leading to regulation of miR-125 expression. Functional assays were performed to elucidate the impact of MALAT1 on modulating drug resistance, growth, and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition) in both parental and Erlotinib-resistant LUAD cells. The investigation unveiled the mechanism underlying the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA, competing endogenouse RNA) pathway. MALAT1 exerted its regulatory effect on miR-125 as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Moreover, MALAT1 played a role in modulating the sensitivity of LUAD cells to Erlotinib. Rab25 was identified as the direct target of miR-125 and mediated the functional effects of MALAT1 in Erlotinib-resistant LUAD cells. In conclusion, our study reveals overexpress MALAT-1 cause the drug resistance of EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through the MALAT-1/miR-125/Rab25 axis. These findings present a potential novel therapeutic target and perspective for the treatment of LUAD.
Statistical analysis of adhesive rod-tube joints under tensile stress for structural applications
Authors: Vieira A. J. A. , Campilho R. D. S. G. , Madani K.
Published: August 2024

Adhesive bonding has been replacing traditional joining methods such as welding, bolting, and riveting in the design of mechanical structures in the automotive, aerospace and aeronautic industries. This joining method has several advantages over traditional methods such as ease of manufacture, lower costs, ease of joining different materials, higher fatigue resistance, and high corrosion resistance. Although tubular adhesive joints have varying applications, such as in truss structures and vehicles, machine axles, and piping, different joint configurations exist, such as rod-tube joints (RTJ), which are not conveniently addressed in the literature. This work compares the tensile performance of adhesively bonded RTJ between aluminium alloy components (AW6082-T651), considering the variation of the main geometric parameters: overlap length (LO), tube thickness (tS), rod diameter (d), adhesive fillet angle (f), and type of adhesive. The Taguchi’s method was employed in the elaboration of the applied design of experiments (DoE). To compare the RTJ behaviour, a numerical analysis was carried out through finite element analysis (FEA) and cohesive zone modelling (CZM). Peel (σy) and shear (τxy) stresses in the adhesive layer were initially obtained by applying purely elastic models. CZM modelling made possible to obtain the damage evolution in the adhesive layer, the maximum load (Pm) and dissipated energy (U) at Pm of the adhesive joints. As a result of applying the Taguchi method, the adhesive joint that showed the best overall performance used the adhesive Araldite® AV138, LO = 40 mm, d = 20, and tS = 3 mm.
Onset of turbulence in rotor–stator cavity flows
Authors: Xie Yaguang , Du Qiang , Xie Lei , Wang Zhicheng , Li Siyi
Published: August 2024

Numerous studies have indicated that turbulence typically initiates along the boundary layer of the stationary disk within a rotor–stator cavity. To describe the transition process to turbulence on the stationary side of a closed rotor–stator cavity, a comprehensive approach combining global linear stability analysis with direct numerical simulation was adopted in the present study. The proposed model aligns with that of Yim et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 848, 2018, pp. 631–647), who investigated the stability characteristics of the rotating-disk boundary layer in a rotor–stator cavity. In order to achieve a stable inflow for the stationary-disk boundary layer, we rotate the shroud together with the rotating disk. Through careful global stability analysis, the predominant spiral mode exhibiting the highest instability in the boundary layer of the stationary disk was discerned, corroborating observations from simulations. Initially, the spiral mode undergoes linear amplification, reaches a state of linear saturation and enters the nonlinear regime. Following nonlinear saturation in the flow field, a circular wave mode arises due to the influence of mean flow distortion. As the Reynolds number attained a sufficiently high level, the interplay between the downstream-propagating circular mode and spiral mode amplified disturbances in the boundary layer of the stationary disk, ultimately leading to the development of localised turbulence at the mid-radius of the rotor–stator cavity. Notably, the present study is the first to elucidate the coexistence of laminar–transitional–turbulent flow states in the stationary-disk boundary layer through direct numerical simulations.
Local and Remote Atmosphere‐Ocean Coupling During Extreme Warming Events Impacting Subsurface Ocean Temperature in an Antarctic Embayment
Authors: Piñones A. , Aziares‐Aguayo N. , Amador‐Véliz P. , Mercado‐Peña O. , González‐Reyes A. , Valdivia N. , Garcés‐Vargas J. , Garrido I. , Pardo L. M. , Höfer J.
Published: August 2024

Coastal ocean temperatures can respond to different atmospheric and oceanic processes at local spatial scales or through remote teleconnections. This study focused on subsurface ocean temperatures (subT) at 10 m depth in Maxwell Bay, northern Antarctic Peninsula from February 2017 and January 2022. It investigated extreme warming events during austral summers and their interaction with atmospheric and oceanic conditions regionally and locally. The analysis identified active and extreme Marine Heat Waves (MHWs) in March 2017 and January‐February 2020 associated with a significantly negative Southern Annular Mode index observed 3–4 months before the temperature increase. In March 2017, temperatures exceeded the climatological mean by over 1°C. This anomaly was linked to a strengthened Amundsen Sea Low and a blocking anticyclone moving between the Scotia Sea and the South‐West Atlantic Ocean that deflected westerly winds and facilitated the anomalous transport of warmer northern air masses to the AP. In January‐February 2020, the highest recorded subT was observed (2.97°C), although air‐sea heat fluxes did not show a similar pattern. In February 2020, one of the most intense atmospheric heatwaves ever recorded in West Antarctica was observed. This heatwave corresponded with maximum subT and positive sea surface temperature anomalies extending throughout the western region of the Southern Ocean, related to an extremely negative Southern Annular Mode. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of strong MHWs, a phenomenon that has been less documented in Antarctic coastal regions.
Interplanetary Influence on Thermospheric Mass Density: Insights From Deep Learning Analyses
Authors: Li Wenbo , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Zhou Yi‐Jia , Le Huijun , Zhang Ruilong
Published: August 2024

In this study, the thermospheric mass density (TMD) features observed by the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload between 2002 and 2010 were extracted using deep learning (DL) technology; the TMD features were then mapped and modeled with the Interplanetary environment information (IEI), solar radiation, and geomagnetic indices. The DL model was used to simulate the TMD features during Day of Year (DOY) 222–241 in 2014, a period that experienced complex solar‐terrestrial environmental variations. We explore the TMD features under different solar‐terrestrial environmental conditions and discuss the effects of various inputs by comparing the DL simulation results with satellite observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment‐A and Swarm‐A, as well as the simulation results from Jacchia‐Bowman 2008, Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter radar model 2.1, and Drag Temperature Model 2013. These results show that the DL model can better capture the TMD features after adding IEI. Part of these TMD features, including the high‐latitude TMD enhancement during the space hurricane event (DOY 232, 2014) and global TMD variations under complex solar‐terrestrial environmental disturbances (DOY 222–225, 2014), cannot be well described by the geomagnetic indices. The DL model indicates that the east‐west component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF By) has a great impact on TMD variations, and its modulation is different from the typical energy injection process during storms. Our results emphasize the crucial influence of IEI on TMD under both geomagnetic disturbances and quiet conditions.
Exploring physicochemical characteristics of cyclodextrin through M-polynomial indices
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Naeem Muhammad , Ramzan Rahila , Cham Alhagie
Published: August 2024

Cyclodextrin, a potent anti-tumor medication utilized predominantly in ovarian and breast cancer treatments, encounters significant challenges such as poor solubility, potential side effects, and resistance from tumor cells. Combining cyclodextrin with biocompatible substrates offers a promising strategy to address these obstacles. Understanding the atomic structure and physicochemical properties of cyclodextrin and its derivatives is essential for enhancing drug solubility, modification, targeted delivery, and controlled release. In this study, we investigate the topological indices of cyclodextrin using algebraic polynomials, specifically the degree-based M-polynomial and neighbor degree-based M-polynomial. By computing degree-based and neighbor degree-based topological indices, we aim to elucidate the structural characteristics of cyclodextrin and provide insights into its physicochemical behavior. The computed indices serve as predictive tools for assessing the health benefits and therapeutic efficacy of cyclodextrin-based formulations. In addition, we examined that the computed indices showed a significant relationship with the physicochemical characteristics of antiviral drugs. Graphical representations of the computed results further facilitate the visualization and interpretation of cyclodextrin's molecular structure, aiding researchers in designing novel drug delivery systems with improved pharmacological properties.
Anodal tDCS improves the effect of neuromuscular training on the feedforward activity of lower extremity muscles in female taekwondo athletes with dynamic knee valgus
Authors: Moshashaei Mozhdeh Sadat , Gandomi Farzaneh , Amiri Ehsan , Maffulli Nicola
Published: August 2024

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can increase cortical excitability of a targeted brain area. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding anodal-tDCS (a-tDCS) to neuromuscular training (NMT) on the dynamic knee valgus (DKV) and feedforward activity (FFA) of knee muscles. Thirty-four Taekwondo athletes with DKV, were randomly assigned to either NMT + a-tDCS (N = 17) or NMT + sham tDCS (N = 17). DKV and the knee muscles' FFA at the moment of single and double-leg landing and lateral hopping tasks were evaluated before and after the interventions. DKV and FFA of the knee muscles was improved in all tasks (P < 0.05), however, between-group differences were not significant (P > 0.05). The FFA of the semitendinosus, vastus medialis, gluteus medius, and gastrocnemius muscles in the single-leg landing (P < 0.05), the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles in the double-leg landing (P < 0.05), and the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and gastrocnemius muscles in the lateral hopping (P < 0.05) tasks were significantly different between the groups. A-tDCS achieved significantly larger improvements in the feedforward activity of lower extremity muscles compared with sham-tDCS. However, between-group comparisons did not show a significant difference in DKV.
Evaluating stability and bioactivity of Rehmannia-derived nanovesicles during storage
Authors: Chen Xiaohang , He Lianghang , Chen Yao , Zheng Genggeng , Su Yating , Chen Yingcong , Zheng Dali , Lu Youguang
Published: August 2024

Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have garnered growing attention in the biomedical field owing to their abundance in plant-derived ribonucleic acids (RNA), proteins, lipids and metabolites. The question about the preservation of PDNVs is a crucial and unavoidable concern in both experiments’ settings and their potential clinical application. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of varying storage temperatures on the stability and bioactivity of Rehmannia-derived nanovesicles (RDNVs). The results showed that RDNVs aggregated after 2 weeks of storage period at 4 °C, and the particle size of some RDNVs gradually increased with time, along with the increase of solution potential. After 2 months of storage, all RDNVs exhibited varying levels of aggregation irrespective of storage temperature. The bioactivities of nanovesicles under different temperature storage conditions revealed a gradual decline in cell proliferation inhibition bioactivity over time, significantly lower than that of freshly prepared RDNVs. In contrast, the preservation of anti-migratory activity in RDNVs was found to be more effective when subjected to rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen followed by storage at − 80 °C, as opposed to direct storage at − 80 °C. These findings suggest that temperature alone may not be sufficient in safeguarding the activity and stability of RDNVs, highlighting the necessity for the development of novel protective agents for PDNVs.
Multiparametric MRI based assessment of kidney injury in a mouse model of ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Mukherjee Soham , Bhaduri Sourav , Harwood Rachel , Murray Patricia , Wilm Bettina , Bearon Rachel , Poptani Harish
Published: August 2024

Kidney diseases pose a global healthcare burden, with millions requiring renal replacement therapy. Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathology of acute kidney injury, causing hypoxia and subsequent inflammation-induced kidney damage. Accurate detection of acute kidney injury due to IRI is crucial for timely intervention. We used longitudinal, multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) employing arterial spin labelling (ASL), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI to assess IRI induced changes in both the injured and healthy contralateral kidney, in a unilateral IRI mouse model (n = 9). Multi-parametric MRI demonstrated significant differences in kidney volume (p = 0.001), blood flow (p = 0.002), filtration coefficient (p = 0.038), glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.005) and apparent diffusion coefficient (p = 0.048) between the injured kidney and contralateral kidney on day 1 post-IRI surgery. Identification of the injured kidney using principal component analysis including most of the imaging parameters demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97. These results point to the utility of multi-parametric MRI in early detection of IRI-induced kidney damage suggesting that the combination of various MRI parameters may be suitable for monitoring the extent of injury in this model.
A qualitative exploration of the patient journey in axial spondyloarthritis towards a people-centered understanding
Authors: Berr Kristina , Ziehfreund Stefanie , Welcker Martin , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander
Published: August 2024

This exploratory qualitative study aims to gain a people-centered understanding of the patient journey in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 individuals diagnosed with axSpA, aged 18 years and older, who were purposively recruited from a rheumatologic practice in southern Germany. The interviews were carried out as web-based video calls between September and October 2021, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed according to Kuckartz’s qualitative content analysis. Patient journey narratives encompassed both healthcare journeys and personal journeys. Healthcare journeys were characterized as fragmented and difficult to navigate, with diagnosis often marking a turning point toward more coordinated care. Post-diagnosis, new challenges emerged (e.g., time management for treatment). Personal journeys comprised perceptions of axSpA in social contexts (e.g., stigmatization) and the continuous interplay of comorbidities and biographical events with healthcare related to axSpA. This study proposes a people-centered perspective on the patient journey in axSpA, emphasizing the interplay of biographies, comorbidities, and social context with healthcare events. Recognizing these personal factors in clinical practice is encouraged to address complex health needs and tailor treatment to each individual. Further efforts should promote collaboration between medical disciplines and integrate healthcare and social support at all stages of the axSpA patient journey.
High-entropy Bifunctional Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Feng Changrui , Chen Meng , Li Xiumin , Abudula Abuliti , Guan Guoqing
Published: August 2024

High-entropy materials (HEMs) composed of five or more elements with nearly equal atomic ratios have attracted great attention owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. HEMs exhibit superior performance and stability in the field of electrocatalysis thanks to their unique compositions and interactions between different atoms. In recent years, various bifunctional catalysts have been reported in which HEMs are considered ideal bifunctional catalysts owing to their nearly continuous distribution of binding energies, which provide multiple catalytic sites for various reactions. This chapter summarizes recent research on high-entropy bifunctional catalysts with particular attention to the fundamental principles. In addition, HEMs for bifunctional catalytic applications in the future are described with specific illustrations.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance of copper iodide particles/nanowires composite in the low-temperature range
Authors: Kwon Oju , Kim Minsu , Park Dabin , Kim Jooheon
Published: August 2024

Different forms of copper iodide were used to increase the heterointerfaces, inducing phonon scattering, which reduces thermal conductivity and enhances thermoelectric performance.
Electrochemical lithium storage of a biactive organic molecule containing cyano and imine groups
Authors: Li Qi-Ling , Gong Zhi-Ting , Gao Xi-Guang , Ma Hang , Yao Li-Feng , Li Xin-Ru , Wen Jia-Jia , Liu Jian-Jun , Guo Hong , Xia Shu-Biao
Published: August 2024

Hexazepines (HAT) and its derivatives have excellent π–π stacking capabilities and can be used as lithium-ion battery (LIBs) electrode materials.
Probing the molecular determinants of the activation of toll-like receptor 2/6 by amyloid nanostructures through directed peptide self-assembly
Authors: Kihal Nadjib , Archambault Marie-Jeanne , Babych Margaryta , Nazemi Ali , Bourgault Steve
Published: August 2024

The self-assembly of short β-peptide was modulated by introducing N- and C-terminal electrostatic capping motifs in order to elucidate the structural requirements of the activation of TLR2/TLR6 immune receptor by amyloid nanostructures.
Two-dimensional (2D) quasi-living crystallization-driven self-assembly of polyethylene-b-hyperbranched polyglycidol diblock copolymers in solution
Authors: Si Xiaowen , Jiang Chenxi , Hu Yu , Mu Jingshan
Published: August 2024

The crystalline nucleation, micellization, two-dimensional (2D) growth kinetics of PE-b-hbPG copolymers during cooling and isothermal crystallization were monitored by TEM, AFM and in situ DLS, and the mechanism of the 2D living growth was elucidated.
Influence of inhibitor Limus on the microbiological activity of soils when growing barley with application of urea
Authors: Kozlova Еkaterina , Korneykova Maria , Vasenev Viacheslav , Volkova Yulia , Sotnikova Yulia
Published: August 2024

This study assessed the impact of the urease inhibitor
Limus on the microbiological properties of soil during barley cultivation. It examined the activity of microbial groups associated with the nitrogen cycle (ammonifiers, denitrifiers), urease enzyme activity, microbial biomass, microbial respiration, and microbial metabolic quotient. It was found that the application of the inhibitor led to a fourfold reduction in gaseous ammonia emissions on the following day of the experiment and a suppression of enzymatic activity by 47% on the third day of the experiment compared to treatment with urea alone. Microbial biomass remained stable, and the application of the inhibitor led to a temporary suppression of basal respiration intensity, which returned to the control level by the third day.
Postnatal morphogenesis of some histological parameters of the femur of broiler chickens taking probiotic
Authors: Dilmurodov Nasriddin , Doniyorov Shokhrukh , Mukhtarov Elmurod , Khudaynazarova Nilufar , Mirzoyev Zoyir , Normuradova Zukhra , Eshmatov Gayrat
Published: August 2024

The dynamics of changes in the diameter of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and sinusoidal capillaries of the red bone marrow in the epiphysis of the femur was studied in the postnatal morfogenesis of broiler chickens of the ROSS 308 cross, which were treated with probiotics and not used. It was found that the histological parameters of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and sinusoidal capillaries of the red bone marrow in the epiphysis of the femur have specific indicators in the postnatal morphogenesis of chickens. It was noticed that some histological parameters of the femur were higher in broiler chickens in the experimental group treated with probiotics, compared with chickens in the control group.
Biological product Agro+ on planting sea buckthorn seedlings of the Vitaminnaya variety
Authors: Khovalyg Nadezhda , Tiuliush Anai-kys , Dongak Valeriya
Published: August 2024

The work presents the results of the use of the bioactive herbicide Agro+, studies were conducted to study the effect of the bioactive herbicide to control weeds, and its aftereffects on the survival and rooting of seedlings, and the effect on the processes of suppressing the growth of weeds were also identified. Studies have shown the effectiveness of using the bioactive herbicide Agro+ when growing annual sea buckthorn seedlings to control weeds [13]. Agro+ bioconcentrate contains natural ingredients, quickly decomposes in the soil and destroys annual and perennial weeds. It is often observed that the bioactive herbicide Agro+ acts as a stimulator of root formation and does not suppress the growth of seedlings. A single treatment gives an effect throughout the entire summer period. The aftereffects of the applied biological product Agro+ manifest themselves in the form of the gradual death of various organs and parts of weeds belonging to different families [17].
Modified method for obtaining a concentrate with a high total content of phycocyanins from A. platensis
Authors: Biryulina Nadezhda , Zorin Sergey , Mazo Vladimir , Nikityuk Dmitriy
Published: August 2024

The work proposes a modified method for obtaining phycocyanin concentrate including extraction of biomass of the food cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis and subsequent stages of membrane processing, involving combined use of double microfiltration and single- stage ultrafiltration. Extraction of A. platensis biomass was carried out at a temperature of +40°C for 3 hours in potassium phosphate buffer, and the purity of the extract was 0.61. Double microfiltration of the extract and ultrafiltration increased the purity of the intermediate product to 2.7. The content of C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin in the dry concentrate was (63.6±1.0)% and (4.3±0.4)%, respectively. The molecular weight distribution of protein and peptide fractions of intermediate and final products was characterized using high-pressure size exclusion liquid chromatography.
Comprehensive aesthetic assessment and optimization of green spaces in the landscape and decorative park of the Stavropol Botanical Garden
Authors: Khrapach V. V. , Gudiev O. Yu
Published: August 2024

The work examines the stages of creation and the current state of the landscape and decorative park of the Stavropol Botanical Garden. The species composition, sanitary and aesthetic condition of growing plants was analyzed. A comprehensive assessment of the recreational potential of the territory is given, with the definition of the class of recreational value. The reasons for the deterioration of the condition and aesthetic qualities of plantings have been identified. Recommendations have been formed to prevent the destruction and loss of plant populations, as well as to improve their architectural, landscape and functional efficiency.
Assessing landscape disturbance in Donbass using phytomonitoring data
Authors: Safonov Andrei
Published: August 2024

The article presents the results of a long-term experimental monitoring (1996-2023) of the condition of indicator plants has been implemented in the territory of Central Donbass. Due to the experiment, it was proved that flowering plants have both indices of non-plasticity in the structure of vegetative and generative parts. Indicator species analyzed: Centaurea diffusa Lam., Cichorium intybus L., Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., Echium vulgare L., Reseda lutea L., Senecio vulgaris L. and others. Registration sites with priority pollutants and complex pollution have been established. It was found that the geostrategic pattern obtained by mapping for traits on embryotic teratogenesis and morphological heterogeneity of indicator plants coincide on 93% of the projective coverage area. It was found out that for the period 1996-2013, 32% of the total investigated area of the Central Donbass was technogenically transformed, for the period 2014-2021, this indicator was 36%, and for 2022-2023, 41%.
Modelling the form factor of Pinus sylvestris trees in the Kostroma region, Russia
Authors: Dubenok Nikolay N. , Lebedev Aleksandr , Gostev Vladimir
Published: August 2024

The paper considers the issue of using the stem taper to model the form factor of pine tree trunks in the Kostroma region. It has been determined that the diameter values predicted by the model can be used to establish the taxation characteristics of trunks. Based on the results of field work and archival data, 10064 diameter measurements were obtained at various heights for 689 pine trees growing in the Kostroma region. The quality of the application of the stem taper model for calculating the form factor was assessed using quality metrics generally accepted in statistics based on data from the analysis of tree trunks. It has been established that the use of the considered stem taper model for calculating the main taxation indicators of tree trunks in pine forests of the Kostroma region will help to increase the accuracy of determining the stock of forest range and will be important for scientific research.
Chemical composition and ecogeochemical assessment of water in quarry lakes of the Zavitinskоyе and Ermakovskoye beryllium deposits (Russia)
Authors: Abramova Vera
Published: August 2024

The study presents the results of research on the chemical composition of water in quarry lakes of the lithium-beryllium Zavitinskоyе and fluorite-beryllium Ermakovskoye deposits located in the Eastern and Western Transbaikalia, respectively. Currently, the mines are abandoned, and the quarry lakes are actively used by the population of nearby villages for domestic and recreational purposes. It was found that the water in the quarries of these deposits is brackish and fresh, belonging to the sulfate-magnesium-calcium and hydrocarbonate-sulfate-magnesium-calcium types with a neutral and slightly alkaline reaction and high contents of sulfates and certain metals (Li, Be, Zn, Al, Mn, Fe, Sr, etc.). Significant variations in the concentrations of trace elements in the identified types of water indicate the significant role of the hydrogeochemical environment (pH, Eh, mineralization, etc.) in their dispersion or accumulation. The beryllium content in the water of Zavitinskоyе deposit quarries ranges from 0.35 to 10.1 μg/l, while in the Ermakovskoye quarry it ranges from 0.024 to 0.026 μg/l. The content of some regulated components in the water exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations established for fishery ponds and sanitary-hygienic norms by several orders of magnitude.
Study of regime parameters of the process of cultivation of a consortium of probiotic microorganisms providing increased synthesis of exopolysaccharides
Authors: Pozhidaeva E. A. , Popov E. S. , Rodionova N. S. , Dymovskikh Y. A. , Durova Y. V. , Grebennikova M. S.
Published: August 2024

The paper conducted experimental studies of the activity of exopolysaccharide synthesis by a consortium of probiotic microorganisms based on Streptococcus thermophiles, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum. Temperature conditions of cultivation were studied on the basis of combination of stages of optimal and non-optimal conditions for development of microorganisms corresponding to temperature variation in the range of higher or lower values, in order to intensify synthesis of moisture-binding metabolites of polysaccharide nature. The results of studies of optical density and concentration of biomass exopolysaccharides are given, which indicate a positive effect on the synthesis of exopolysaccharides of the used combined temperature modes of cultivation. Based on thermal analysis data, endothermic effects were identified, indicating an additional increase in the degree of moisture binding by polysaccharides of probiotic origin. It was found that the maximum activity of the synthesis of moisture-binding metabolites corresponds to the combined cultivation mode with a sequential transition from the area of low temperature effects to the optimal area.
Creation and experience of using a multi-method for controlling pesticides in grain on the territory of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shubina E. G. , Novikova A. V. , Khalyavin I. A.
Published: August 2024

This article is devoted to the development and testing of a multimethod for determining pesticides in grain, legume and oil crops using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Optimal parameters of sample preparation and chromatograph-mass spectrometric determination for the simultaneous analysis of 430 substances were established. Metrological characteristics such as uncertainty, repeatability and precision were calculated. The method was tested at the Moscow branch of the All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry on 120 samples of grain, legume and oil crops; these data are also presented in the article.
Combination of bifidobacteria and arabinogalactan when fermenting skim milk
Authors: Ababkova Anna , Khaidukova Elena , Novokshanova Alla , Kuzin Andrey , Arsenyeva Tamara
Published: August 2024

The work investigated the fermentation of skim milk with a concentrate of bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium infantis) in the presence of arabinogalactan in amounts of 3, 5, 7 and 10%. It was found that after fermentation at a temperature of 37 °C for 12 hours, the characteristic sour-milk taste and curd were not observed in any of the samples, regardless of the presence of arabinogalactan. It was revealed that after storage at a temperature of (4±2) °C for 10 days, the consistency of the control and test samples remained homogeneous, without separation and visible syneresis. The increase in titratable acidity at the post-oxidation stage for 10 days was no more than 1-2 °T. It was shown that, under experimental conditions, the number of viable bifidobacteria cells was greater in test samples containing from 5 to 10% arabinogalactan than in control variants and in samples with a mass fraction of arabinogalactan of 3%. Based on the totality of the observed results, it can be assumed that the prebiotic was used by microorganisms as a source of nutrition.
FEM analysis of a highly birefringent modified slotted core circular PCF for endlessly single mode operation across E to L telecom bands
Authors: Halder Amit , Arafat Yeasin , Ahmed Imtiage , Ahsan Muhammad , Siddiquee Zubairia , Tanshen Riyad , Anower Shamim
Published: August 2024

This paper describes an exceptionally high birefringent modified slotted core circular photonic crystal fiber (MSCCPCF). At the 1.55 μm telecommunication wavelength, the proposed fiber structure aims to achieve exceptional birefringence performance through the thoughtful placement of air holes and the incorporation of slots. The optical properties of the proposed MSCCPCF are rigorously simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The FEM simulations show high birefringence of up to 8.795 × 10−2 at 1.55 μm. The suggested fiber exhibits single mode behavior in the E to L communication bands (Veff < 2.405). Numerous geometric factors and their effects on other optical properties, such as birefringence, beat length (17.62 μm) and dispersion coefficient (−310.8 ps/(nm · km)) have been meticulously studied. The proposed fiber’s viability and potential uses are evaluated by analyzing modal features like nonlinearity (21.76 W−1 km−1), confinement loss (5.615 × 10−11 dB/cm), and dispersion. The proposed fiber structure has potential for use in polarization-maintaining devices, sensors, and other photonic applications requiring high birefringence and tailored optical properties.