bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-occurring morphologically distinct algae support a diverse associated fauna in the intertidal zone of Araçá Bay, Brazil
Authors: Vieira Edson A. , Filgueiras Heloísa Romeu , Bueno Marília , Leite Fosca Pedini Pereira , Dias Gustavo Muniz
Published: February 2018

Abstract Species diversity is regulated by historical, neutral and niche processes, with species tolerance, dispersal and productivity guiding diversity at larger scales, while habitat heterogeneity and biotic interactions acts in smaller scales. In rocky shores, several organisms provide secondary substrates for mobile fauna, with macroalgae being the most abundant and diverse ones. The patchiness promoted by different macroalgae hosts enhances small-scale heterogeneity and may increase and maintain the diversity of the mobile organisms, since there is a close relationship between the associated fauna and its hosts. In this study we selected three morphologically different macroalgae that coexist in the same rocky shore height in the Araçá Bay, an area under the threat of the nearby harbor expansion, and evaluated the fauna associated to each algal host. Even under similar abiotic pressure (same rocky shore height), the associated fauna of each algal host varied in number and composition, revealing a close relationship. The poorly branched foliose Ulva lactuca sustained a lower density of organisms and was dominated by isopods, while the heavily branched turf and Bostrychietum community showed a high density of organisms, with a dominance of peracarid crustaceans and annelids on the turf and more resistant groups, such as bivalves, acaris and terrestrial insects on the Bostrychietum. Previous studies in the Araçá Bay already revealed a large spatial heterogeneity in the processes and sessile organisms distribution, and here we highlight that this heterogeneity can be observed in an even smaller scale, with different algal hosts mediating the turnover of species in a scale of centimeters and meters, resulting in diversity maintenance of the associated fauna. Since the harbor expansion may prevent the occurrence of macroalgae as a result of light limitation by suspended platforms, we may expect not only a decrease in algal cover but also in the total diversity of the associated fauna in the Araçá Bay.
Recent Developments in Glaucoma
Authors: Lim Kin Sheng ,   Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK
Published: February 2018

Glaucoma continues to exert a heavy disability and economic burden and is the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. In 2015, 57.5 million people globally were affected by open-angle glaucoma and this is predicted to increase to 65.5 million by 2020. The prevalence of glaucoma increases with age in all populations and generally more men and people of Hispanic and Black race are affected. Effective treatments to lower and maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) and convenient means of continuously monitoring it remain substantial unmet medical needs. In this expert interview Kin Sheng Lim from Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK, discusses the new developments to improve this situation and are therefore of great interest to ophthalmologists and to the wider population who are at risk from glaucoma.
Türkiye’de İlaç İthalatını Belirleyen Etmenler, 1996-2011
Authors: YAŞGÜL Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yaşar Serhat
Published: February 2018

 Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 1996-2011 dönemi için ilaç ithalatını belirleyen etmenler çekim modeli vasıtasıyla analiz edilmiştir. Modele, Türkiye’nin ilaç ithalatı yaptığı 20 ülke dahil edilmiştir. Bu ülkeler; ABD, Almanya, Avusturalya, Avusturya, Belçika, Birleşik Krallık, Çin, Danimarka, Finlandiya, Fransa, Güney Kore, Hollanda, İrlanda, İspanya, İsrail, İsveç, İsviçre, İtalya, Japonya, Kanada’dır. Çalışmada ortaya konulan teorik bulgulara paralel olarak üç temel gelişmeyi temsilen bağımsız değişkenler belirlenmiştir. Buna göre basit çekim modeli değişkenlerinin yanı sıra yabancı patent başvurularının toplam patent başvurularına oranı, GB kukla değişkeni, sağlıkta dönüşüm programı kukla değişkeni, kişi başı ilaç harcamaları, kişi başı özel kesim sağlık harcamaları ve kişi başı cepten yapılan sağlık harcamaları bağımsız değişkenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen ampirik bulgular ışığında Türkiye ‘nin GSYİH’sı, yabancı patent başvurularının toplam patent başvurularına oranı, GB kukla değişkeni, kişi başı ilaç harcamaları ve kişi başı özel kesim sağlık harcamaları Türk ilaç ithalatını pozitif yönde, uzaklık ile kişi başı cepten yapılan sağlık harcamaları negatif yönde etkilemektedir. 
Mesocephaly to Brachycephaly Shift as Seen in Punjabi Children
Authors: Kaur H. , Singh S. , Patnaik V. V. G. , Kaushal S. , Agnihotri G.
Published: February 2018

Anthropometric Parameters are useful tools in evaluating growth and development. Cephalic Index helps in estimation of intracranial volume in vivo & thus the brain growth. This prospective longitudinal study was initiated to compare the ethnic variations in cephalic index in specific defined ethnic groups of Punjab Jat Sikh and Bania infants.

It was observed that Jatsikh infants had a brachycephalic type of skull throughout the study whereas Bania infants displayed mesocephalic type of skull till 7th month of their lives and later on even they became brachycephalic in their skull shapes. It is apparent that the trend in replacing mesocephaly by brachycephaly in northern Indian children, wherein possibly Jatsikh children are ahead of Bania children in this process.
A Multidisciplinary Approach for Ocular Rehabilitation Following Ophthalmomalacia in a Paediatric Patient
Authors: Aggarwal H. , Jurel S. , Kumar P. , Singh R. D. , Alvi H. A.
Published: February 2018

The traumatic loss of an eye is not just the loss of an essential sense organ. It results in life-long agony of not being like others with two eyes, which can see and admire the nature's beauty. As young patients are quite sensitive to peer pressure and for them, the greatest challenges are in the terms of identity and social acceptance, so, early rehabilitation is must in such patients. This article reports on the rehabilitation of a 13-year boy with custom ocular prosthesis for his traumatically injured left eye. The custom made ocular prosthesis fitted over the patient's left eye with ophthalmomalacia, successfully restored the patient's aesthetics and improved his social acceptance thereby, improving his quality of life.
Irrational Use of Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Singh Sukhbir
Published: February 2018

The irrational use of drugs is a worldwide problem affecting developed and developing countries. The misuse of drug especially antimicrobial agents is widely prevalent which has led to the development of resistant strains resulting in premature obliterations of highly efficacious and life saving antimicrobial agents.
Managing Immunisation Waste in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility
Authors: Kumari Reema , Jurel Sunit Kumar , Srivastava Kirti , Singh Anshita
Published: February 2018

Immunisation protects children and adults against harmful infections before they come into contact with them in the community. Immunisation is given as an injection or, in the case of polio vaccine, taken as drops by mouth. The waste generated during the whole immunisation process must be disposed off properly. Improper waste disposal leads to serious health risks to recipients, health workers and the public. In King George’s Medical University (KGMU) immunisation programmes are conducted regularly. Waste generated during the process are properly mutilated, collected, transported and disposed off. In KGMU a well established biomedical waste management system which disposed offs the waste as per the norms and legislation.
Forensic Odontology in the Era of Computer and Technology
Authors: Patel Jaimin , Singh Harkanwal Preet , Paresh Mesurani , Verma Chanchal
Published: February 2018

We are living in the era of science and technology and it have infused with many aspects of our everyday life. With the advent of newer technologies the criminals have made full use of it which sometimes facade a challenging task to investigators such as forensic experts to catch the crime. This paper will discuss the need for computer forensics and application of technologies to be practiced in an effective and legal way, formalize basic technical issues, and point to references for further reading. It promotes the idea that the proficient practice of computer forensics and awareness of applicable laws is essential for today’s networked organizations.
An Update on Precancerous Lesions of Oral Cavity
Authors: Goyal Deepak , Goyal Pardeep , Singh Harkanwal Preet , Verma Chanchal
Published: February 2018

Oral cancer is the most common head and neck cancer, found in 270,000 patients annually worldwide. Some cancers develop from precancerous lesions; however, there is no definitive clinico pathological factor or biomarker that reliably enables malignant transformation to be predicted in an individual patient. Early detection and early treatment of oral cancer are important for improving the survival rate of patients; prevention of oral cancer will clearly contribute most to decreasing its death rate. So correct diagnosis and timely treatment of premalignant lesions with high risk of malignant transformation may help to prevent malignant transformation.
A Remarkable Rare Case of Fractured Endodontic Instrument in Periradicular Region Compressing Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Authors: Chaudhry Zainab , Sharma Rakesh , Khetarpal Ambica , Chaudhary Sarika , Talwar Sangeeta
Published: February 2018

This study aims to present the management of a rare case of a separated endodontic instrument in the periradicular area. The broken instrument had penetrated within and along the mandibular canal from the periapical zone of mandibular second molar after endodontic treatment, leading to acute neurological symptoms. These subsided completely following surgical removal of the separated instrument. Because of the close anatomic relation between the second molars and the inferior alveolar nerve, careful clinical and radiographic examinations should always be performed before endodontic treatment of these teeth, so as to prevent iatrogenic injuries of the type described here. Dentists should also be aware of the anatomic characteristics of the mandibular canal (i.e., cribriform rather than solid), as well as the consequences of overinstrumentation.
Study on Combined Cortical Thickness, Total Diameter of Clavicle and Cortical Index of Adult Human Clavicle in North Indians
Authors: G Agnihotri , R Sharma
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Clavicle has a complex bone structure, is variable in shape and exhibits dramatic variations both in curvatures and cross sectional geometry. Clavicle has been globally studied for purpose of generating a suitable, correct and economical treatment of clavicular fractures.

Objective: The present study was done to determine the total diameter of bone, combined cortical thickness and cortical index i.e (proportion cortical thickness to total diameter) of adult clavicles.

Material method: 200 pairs (200 males and 200 females) of adult clavicles of known sex obtained from bony collections and cadaveric dissections were cut parasagittally and measurements were taken at midclavicle level. The clavicular parameters (cortical index, total diameter of clavicle and combined cortical thickness) measured for known sex were compared. The data obtained was analyzed statistically.

 Results: The values obtained for all parameters were found to be higher in case of males as compared to females. When parameters as measured for the right and left sides were compared for same sex there was not much difference. Values for right and left sides were very much close to each other.

Conclusion: The present study establishes the morphometeric criterion for cortical index, total diameter of clavicle and combined cortical thickness in north Indians and compared the observations with therefore other populations and races giving a special emphasis on the influence of sex factor on these parameters.
Rectal Foreign Bodies:A Retrospective Study
Authors: Paul Ekka Nishith M. , Malua Shital , Bodra Pankaj
Published: February 2018

Background: Reported incidence of rectal foreign bodies is rather rare with only isolated published case reports or case series. Controlled studies of patients with rectal foreign bodies have not been conducted. The approach to the management of these patients has not changed in the last 10-20 years.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe 16 cases of colorectal foreign bodies introduced during sexual activity, gathered by the authors from 2002 to 2016, and to establish an epidemiological and therapeutic pattern.

Material and methods: This was a retrospective study that involved retrieval of folders belonging to patients who were treated for foreign body of rectum. The patients demographic data along with type of object (Foreign body), time of presentation and type of treatment required were recorded from the case folders.

Results: All the 16 patients in our series were male with a mean age of 42 years. Household bottles (37.8%) were the most common foreign body while a majority of patients presented between 24 to 48 hrs. Laparotomy was done in 8 cases (50%) out of which in 7 cases transanal extraction was done by milking while in 1 case colostomy was done. Manual extraction was successful in 25% while forceps were helpful in another 25%.

Conclusions: The incidence of rectal foreign bodies is disproportionately higher in men. Manual extraction with or without the help of obstetric forceps appears to be the treatment modality of choice. The appropriate technique will depend on the size and surface of the retained object and the presence of complications.
Maxillofacial Injuries Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia: A Review of Incidence, Demographic Factors & Prevention Strategies
Authors: Syed Kamran Bokhari
Published: February 2018

Background: World Health Organization has estimated that nearly 25% of all injuries fatalities worldwide are a result of road traffic crashes with 90% of the fatalities occurring in low and middle income countries. Trauma in Saudi Arabia is a major public health problem with increasing rates of mortality and morbidity.

Objectives: To review the incidence of maxillofacial injuries due to road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia and to highlight the etiological factors, the current preventive strategies and suggestions to reduce such injuries.

Material and Methods: This review was conducted through literature search over a period of 25 years. The key words included in the search include road traffic injuries, maxillofacial trauma, Saudi Arabia. The search was conducted through search engines and which included Google, science direct, pub med. A total of 56 reference articles and web pages were reviewed. 31 of these references are cited in this review. The demographic factors involved in road traffic accidents, the existing legislation in the country as cited in the literature, primary care system and recent advances in management are highlighted in this review article.

Conclusion: Trauma is a preventable cause of death, morbidity, depression and unemployment. Simple measures such as seat belt legislation, traffic monitoring, creation of awareness among youth will significantly bring down loss of lives. This will create a better society to live and enjoy life.
To Compare the Effect of Vertical Ground Reaction force in Conventional below Knee Prosthesis Versus Modular below Knee Prosthesis on Unilateral Transtibial Amputee Patients
Authors: Raja R. , Ravindranath Rai H. , Sridharamurthy J. N. , Madhouraj B. , Balaji R. , Raja Vijayalakshmi , . Somasundaram
Published: February 2018

Background: Proper prescription of prosthetic device and potential rehabilitation increases the quality of life for subjects with amputations.

Objective: To compare the effect of vertical ground reaction force (Fz) on unilateral Transtibial amputees those who are using conventional and modular patellar tendon bearing (PTB) prosthesis with stump exercises.

Material and Methodology: A sample of 120 persons with below knee amputees who were trained to wear prosthesis were studied with an comparative follow up study design with purposive sampling technique. The 120 adult amputee patients were divided in to two groups having 60 samples in each group, group A patients were given conventional patellar tendon bearing (PTB) prosthesis with intensive stump exercises and group B patients were given modular PTB prosthesis with intensive stump exercises respectively. Data analyzed statistically.

Results: The unilateral transtibial amputees who trained with modular prosthesis along with stump exercises group patients Fz-force in newton were increased as compared to the unilateral transtibial amputees who were trained with conventional PTB prosthesis along with stump exercises. There was no significant difference seen in both the groups while giving stump exercises alone.

Conclusion: The unilateral transtibial amputees who were trained with modular PTB prosthesis along with stump exercises group patient's Fz-force in newton (VGRF) has increased drastically compared with conventional PTB prosthesis.
Study of Risk Factors for Preterm Births in a Teaching Hospital: A Prospective Study
Authors: Mahajan Amita , Magon Shally
Published: February 2018

Background: Preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and long term morbidity as well as the long term health consequences and neurodevelopmental outcome.

Objectives: To study the relationship between sociodemographic factors, obstetric, fetal factors, chronic maternal diseases and preterm births and to study the percentage of late preterm, moderately preterm and very preterm births.

Material and Methods: 100 preterm births (cases) and 100 term births (control cases) which took place in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a teaching hospital were enrolled in the study. A detailed questionnaire was used to record sociodemographic factors, maternal and antenatal characteristics of current and previous pregnancies. Data was analyzed.

Results: Pre-eclampsia (p<0.01), preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (p<0.01), previous history of preterm births (p<0.01), IUD (p<0.05), genitourinary infections (p<0.02) and polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios (p<0.05) were determined as significant risk factors for preterm birth. 53.1% preterm babies were late preterm babies.

Conclusions: Early detection and treatment of diseases or disorders among pregnant women especially hypertension, genitourinary infections, oligohydramnios/ polyhydramnios as well as improving health care quality delivered to pregnant women may reduce the risk of preterm births according to our study.
Incidence of Choledocholithiasis in Gallstone Disease in Eastern Zone of India: A Single Centre Study
Authors: Rai Mrigendra Kumar , Kumar Vinod
Published: February 2018

Background: Common bile duct stones are found in 10-15% of patients having gall stone disease and the incidence increases with the age, both in India and in western countries and the majority of common bile duct stones are secondary to gall bladder stones, their incidence is more in Northern India.

Objective: To study the incidence of common bile duct stone in patients having gall stone disease in tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 125 patients admitted in different wards of the department of surgery on the basis of symptoms and signs of gall stone disease and latter on trans-abdominal ultrasound and MRCP confirmed that 18.4% of total patients having also choledocholithiasis.

Result: Incidence of choledocholithiasis was 18.4% in patients having gall stone disease. It was 3 times more common in females. Maximum incidence 35% in between 40-49 years, obese (52%) and middle socio-economic group (74%).

Conclusion: Incidence of choledocholithiasis is in increasing trend and is more common in females in between 40-49 years age group. Obesity is the commonest risk factor.
Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Tsvetanov Tsvetan Borisov
Published: February 2018

Oral leukoplakia is defined as a predominantly white lesion of the oral mucosa that cannot be characterized as any other definable lesion; however, the lesion must be confirmed histopathologically by biopsy in order to discuss malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. Malignant transformation rates of oral leukoplakia range from 0.13 to 17.5%, while the rates of five-year cumulative malignant transformation range from 1.2 to 14.5%. In this review were described some datas about the frequency, etiology and pathogenesis of oral leukoplakia. Clinical symptoms and treatment methods were described. The basic information sources were up to date articles. The author's results were retrospectively analysed.
Delamanid and its Role in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Das Supratik , Sehgal Vijay Kumar
Published: February 2018

The World Health Organisation estimates that one-third of the world's population are currently infected with Tuberculosis bacillus, 10% of whom will develop the disease at some point in their lifetime. Poverty-Stricken countries of Africa and Asia bear the brunt of the disease partly due to an ominous synergy between mycobacterium bacteria and HIV. The recent recognition of MDR-TB and strains with more complex resistance patterns has stimulated the development of new TB medications including fluoroquinolones, oxazolidinones, diarylquinolines, nitroimidazopyrans. Delamanid, a newer mycobacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor, received a conditional approval from European medicines agency (EMA) for the treatment of MDR‑TB. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that delamanid has high potency, least risk for drug‑drug interactions and better tolerability. The purpoe of this article is to bring forward, the various roles played by Delamanid in order to curb the problem of Multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis.
Socio-Demographic Profile and Pattern of Substance Abuse among Patients Presenting to a Deaddiction Centre in a Teaching Hospital of Punjab
Authors: Gul Deepali , Sharma Nidhi
Published: February 2018

Background: The substances abuse has become one of the major public health problems of present society. Illicit drug use in India is quite serious, with a population of over 1 billion people, millions of victims of different kinds of drug abuse are estimated.

Objective: The study aimed to know the socio-demographic profile and pattern of substance abuse among patients presenting to a deaddiction centre in a teaching hospital of Punjab.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted from April 15, 2016 to June 15, 2016. Three hundred consecutive treatment seeking subjects, fulfilling American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - IV-TR criteria for substance-dependence were included in the study.

Results: Opioids were abused by 179 (59.67%) and alcohol by 87 (29%) of the patients. The age of initiation was below 27 years in 81.67% of the patients. As regards the reason behind initiation, improved sexual performance (25.33%) and peer pressure (25%) were two most important reasons cited.

Conclusion: Opioids were the most frequently abused substances followed by alcohol and has become one of the major public health problem of the society.
A Study of Comorbidity of Depression, Anxiety and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gul Deepali , Bali Kusum
Published: February 2018

Background: The prevalence of depression and anxiety in diabetes is considerably higher than normal population and found to have a negative impact on diabetes.

Objective: The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of anxiety and depression among outpatients receiving treatment for diabetes.

Materials and Methods: Ours was a cross-sectional study where data was collected from 100 consecutive patients receiving treatment from the outpatient department of a teaching hospital for diabetes mellitus. The socio-demographic details were collected with the help of a self-structured questionnaire. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (H.D.R.S.) and Amritsar Depressive Inventory (A.D.I.) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (H.A.R.S.) were used to assess the presence and severity of depression and anxiety. The details regarding the diabetes included the duration of the condition, family history of diabetes, if any, and Body Mass Index (BMI).

Results: The study sample consisted of 34 male and 66 female patients and their average age was 54.2 years. Most of the patients had mild depression, as indicated by an A.D.I. score of 8 to 13. Significant anxiety symptoms were seen in 30% of the patients. Most of the patients were having mild to moderate anxiety. Depression and anxiety was more prevalent in Type 2 diabetic patients in comparison to Type 1 diabetic patients.

Conclusion: The comorbidity of depression, anxiety and diabetes mellitus is frequent. Depression and anxiety are more commonly associated with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. These findings underscore the need to screen all diabetic patients for the presence of psychiatric disorders.
Surgical Extraction of Mesio-Angularly Impacted Mandibular Third Molars:An Alternative Instrument for the Osteotomy Procedure
Authors: Anyanechi Charles E.
Published: February 2018

Background: Osteotomy of the bone surrounding mesio-angularly impacted tooth is part of the surgical procedure required for their extraction and has evolved in contemporary practice from the use of mallet/chisel to dental drill.

Objective: To describe the extractions of mesio-angularly impacted mandibular third molars using Crane pick dental elevator for the osteotomy procedure.

Materials and Methods: This was a prospective clinical study of patients done at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of our institution, over three years period. With gentle, controlled, downward force, bone was removed with Crane pick elevator to expose the mesio-angularly impacted tooth cervical line, creating buccal and distal troughs that were linked and made in cancellous bone. The clinical variables evaluated were age, gender, and reason(s) for extraction, duration of treatment/osteotomy, degree of postoperative trismus and swelling, and complaints during follow-Up.

Results: The ages of the 74 patients studied ranged from 18-63 years with mean age of 32.6± 2.8 years. Majority (83.8%) were in the age category of 16-45 years (P=0.001). The duration of the surgery from incision to placement of the last suture ranged from 12.8 to 17.1 minutes with mean 14.3±1.4 minutes. The duration of the osteotomy including the delivery of the tooth from their sockets ranged from 3.2 to 7.4 minutes with mean 5.3±0.7 minutes. The younger the patient's age, the shorter the osteotomy procedure (P=0.001).

Conclusion: This study showed that certain mesio-angularly impacted mandibular third molars can be extracted using only Crane pick elevator.
Dyssebacia:An Early Cutaneous Marker of Niacin Deficiency
Authors: Shashikiran A. R. , Rajashekhar Nadiga
Published: February 2018

"Dyssebacia" is the name coined to describe numerous plugs of inspissated sebum projecting from dilated orifices of sebaceous glands. This is a case series report of 12 patients who presented to our department with complaints of asymptomatic skin lesions which started first in lower part of nose followed by involvement of entire nose, cheeks and forehead .On examination there were multiple yellow plugs of sebum projecting out from follicular orifices resembling those of shark skin. Dermoscopic examination and Urinary levels of Niacinamide levels in urine were estimated in few cases. Based on history, clinical examination and laboratory, Diagnosis of dyssebacia was made and patients were started on niacinamide following which there was improvement in lesions in 8 of the 12 patients within two to four weeks. Diagnosis of pellagra is based on clinical criteria. Dyssebacia can be the early cutaneous marker of niacin deficiency. Thus in this context detection of dyssebecia acts as a primeval marker in diagnosis of pellagra, which still exists in epidemic proportions in many countries.
An Unusual Case of Retained DJ Stent
Authors: Paul Ekka Nishith M. , Singh Arpana
Published: February 2018

Double J stents are an integral part of urological practice today. Ureteral stenting is done as an adjunct to ureteral surgery and for managing ureteral obstruction. Every urological surgery doesn't require DJ stenting and their use must be strictly restricted to selected cases. Retension is a common complication of ureteral stents and is mostly due to encrustations on a forgotten DJ stent. Here we report a case of retained DJ stent which was placed during open nephrolithotomy. It was neither forgotten nor encrusted, but was embedded in the renal parenchyma. As per our knowledge this is the first case of its kind to be reported in medical literature.
Unilateral Mandibular Condylar Hyperplasia
Authors: Ohri Neera , Dhiman Indu , Dhiman Umesh , Uppal Parul
Published: February 2018

Mandibular condylar hyperplasia is a relatively rare condition with uncertain etiology affecting the condylar head, neck and many a times body and ramus of mandible. The condition causes facial asymmetry, deviation of the jaw, occlusal derangements and articular dysfunction. Radiographic examination plays a critical role in establishing a correct diagnosis. Bone scintigraphy scan has been found to be effective in direct assessment of condyar activity which aids in proper treatment planning. Here, we report a case of unilateral condylar hyperplasia in a 31year old male patient which was diagnosed and corrected with the help of appropriate radiographic examination.
Histological Patterns of Ovarian Neoplasms – A Five Year Experience in North-East India
Authors: Manasi Saha , Alpana Banerjee , Abhijit Datta
Published: February 2018

Background: Ovary is one of the common sites of neoplasm in females. They manifest in wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histological features. Ovary is the second most common site of primary malignancy in female genital tract.

Objectives: To study the frequency of different histological types of ovarian tumors and to analyze age distribution of these tumors.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all cases of ovarian tumors received at Pathology Department of Agartala Government Medical College during the period of 5 years from January 2012 to December 2016.

Results: A total number of 242 cases were studied. Among these 189 cases (78.1%) were benign, 12 cases (4.96%) were borderline and 41 cases (16.94%) were malignant. Benign neoplasms were most commonly seen between 3rd and 5th decade of age whereas malignant neoplasms after 4th decade. Serous cystadenoma was the commonest benign tumor followed by mucinous cystadenoma and mature cystic teratoma. Among the malignant surface epithelial tumors, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was most common, followed by serous cystadenocarcinoma.

Conclusion: Benign ovarian neoplasms outnumber the malignant ones in all age groups. Surface epithelial tumors are the most common class of tumors and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is the commonest malignant neoplasm.
The Effect of Supplementation of Standard Antibiotic Therapy with Oral Probiotics for Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Grewal Nipunjot , Mahajan Amita
Published: February 2018

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is a common cause of vaginal infection worldwide in women of child bearing age. It can be asymptomatic or mild infection but can lead to many complications especially during pregnancy. Recurrence is also frequently seen in women suffering from bacterial vaginosis. This infection usually occurs when normal lactobacillus flora in vagina is disrupted and replaced by pathogens. Administration of probiotics will restore normal vaginal flora and maintain normal pH and it could prove to be a reliable alternative to antibiotics in future.

Objective: To assess the effect of supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with oral probiotics (Lactobacillus) for treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

Material Methods: It was an open labeled prospective study in which 100 women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis were randomly divided into two groups. Diagnosis was made using Amsel’s criteria and Nugent scoring was done. Group A was given Oral Metronidazole, 400 mg BD for 7 days along with oral probiotic tablet containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus BD for 6 weeks whereas Group B was administered Oral Metronidazole, 400 mg BD for 7 days. Patients were assessed at 7 days for symptomatic improvement and again at the end of 6 weeks using Nugent scores. Results obtained were then compared.

Results: Out of all patients 2 patients in Group A and 5 patients in Group B could not complete the study. At the end of 7 days, there was improvement in symptoms ie decrease in itching, odour and discharge. There was a significant difference in mean Nugent score before and after treatment between group A and group B at the end of 6 weeks.

Conclusion: This study concluded that improvement in patients taking probiotics along with standard antibiotic therapy was significantly more as compared to antibiotics alone.
Development of a Participatory Capacity- Building Program for Congregational Health Leaders in African American Churches in the US South
Authors: Morales-Aleman Mercedes M. , Moore Artisha , Scarinci Isabel C.
Published: February 2018

African Americans are disproportionately affected by diabetes and colorectal cancer. Although studies have shown the effective­ness of spiritually based health interventions delivered by community health workers to African Americans, few have described the development of the capacity-building com­ponent. This article describes this process. The development of the Healthy Congre­gations Healthy Communities Program (HCHC) was guided through a community-based participatory research lens and included: 1) establishment of a community coalition; 2) identification by coalition members of churches as the best venues for health promotion strategies among African Americans; 3) recruitment of churches; 4) development of a training manual; 5) recruitment and training of congregational health leaders (CHLs); and 6) “Passing of the torch” from the coalition to the CHLs who implemented the intervention in their con­gregations. We trained 35 CHLs to promote awareness about diabetes and colorectal cancer using a culturally relevant, spiritually based curriculum. Pre- and post-test paired t-tests showed significant increases in CHLs’ knowledge of wellness (P<.001), colorectal cancer (P<.002), nutrition (P<.004), and lifestyle changes (P<.005). The community-academic partnership was successful in developing a culturally relevant, spiritually based capacity-building program for African American CHLs to implement health pro­motion strategies in their congregations and communities.

Ethn Dis.2018;28(1):11-18; doi:10.18865/ed.28.1.11.
Implementation of the Steps Toward Academic Research (STAR) Fellowship Program to Promote Underrepresented Minority Faculty into Health Disparity Research
Authors: Vishwanatha Jamboor K. , Jones Harlan P.
Published: February 2018

 Eliminating disparities in health can benefit from the inclusion of diverse populations pursuing health disparity research careers. A goal of the Texas Center for Health Dis­parities (TCHD) is to provide opportunities for underrepresented minority faculty to become successful health disparity research­ers. The TCHD created the Steps Toward Academic Research (STAR) fellowship program to provide faculty and community partners a yearlong face-to-face and online hybrid curriculum focused on acquiring fundamental concepts in biomedical and behavioral health disparity research, basics in grantsmanship as well as professional development skills. In total, this training approach is envisioned to provide mutually beneficial co-learning experiences that will increase the number of under-represented minorities (URMs) entering translational research focused on the elimination of health disparities.

Ethn Dis.2017;28(1):3- 10; doi:10.18865/ed.28.1.3.
Opinion and Perception of Treasury Single Account Implementation: Implications for Revenue Generation and Utilisation in Nigeria
Authors: Solanke Abiola Abosede
Published: February 2018

This study investigated opinion and perception of Treasury Single Account (TSA) adoption in Nigeria. This was with the view to highlighting TSA implications for revenue generation and utilisation in the country. Data were collected through the administration of structured questionnaire. The study analysed a total sample size of 200 purposively selected among Federal, State, Local Government and Private Sector Employees. The selection was purposive because the subject of investigation required education and awareness of its adoption in Nigeria. The outcome variable was perception dichotomised into positive and negative perception. Data were analysed using frequency and percentages, as well as analytic weighted mean. Result showed variation in acceptability attitude towards TSA implementation in Nigeria; 23.4% of respondents reported negative perception (non acceptability); and 76.6% of respondents reported positive perception (acceptability). The main factor that accounted for positive perception was the need to block all avenues of revenue leakages in the country, while the main factor that accounted for negative perception was the unavailability of funds to meets citizens’ welfare needs. The study concluded that there are needs to improve public awareness of the benefits of TSA implementation in the country. Such awareness may optimize revenue generation and utilisation in Nigeria.
What About Passion in Education? The Concept of Passion, why it is Important and How Teachers Can Promote it
Authors: Ruiz-Alfonso Zuleica , Vega Lidia Santana , Beltran Elina Vilar
Published: February 2018

Is passion important in the educational context? What are the benefits of passion? Is it possible to foster students’ passion? What are the teachers’ characteristics or behaviors that foster students’ passion? The aim of this study was to answer this questions by a literature review, as well as to present a global and current picture about the role of passion in Education. Although research on passion is really recent and, therefore, still scarce, the literature reviewed showed a great variety of passion’s outcomes, which highlights the importance it has in the educational context. We also tried to summarize the teachers’ characteristics studied up to now that can foster the students’ passion. We concluded by presenting the potential implications of the articles reviewed within education, and presenting the main conclusions of the review.
Cyprus Hydrocarbons: Lessons from the Nigerian Experience
Authors: Ebeku Kaniye S.A.
Published: February 2018

Hydrocarbons/oil is still the greatest source of energy in the world, although its importance is diminishing with the development of alternative/environment-friendly sources of energy such as wind-power and solar energy. For most oil-producing countries, hydrocarbons/oil revenue is a significant source of income. For instance, this is the case in Nigeria, whose economy depends heavily on oil revenue. Even so, natural resource wealth (hydrocarbons/oil, etc.) can also be a curse as it may cause poverty in the country, breed corruption, precipitate human rights abuses and other contradictions. This is the experience of some oil-producing countries such as Nigeria, Libya, Ecuador, and Algeria. The recent discovery of hydrocarbons in Cyprus is surely an important development for the country. However, given the negative experience of other resource-rich countries it is important to explore the possible lessons Cyprus may learn from such experience that could help her maintain a healthy economy when hydrocarbons revenue starts rolling in as projected, in 2022. This is the main objective of this paper and the Nigerian experience will be used as a case-study. Presently, the Cyprus economy without hydrocarbons revenue is strong and healthy; income is derived from diverse sources such as tourism, services and agriculture. This paper argues that Cyprus should learn from the experience of Nigeria and avoid abandoning other sources of revenue when it starts earning hydrocarbons revenue so that it would not suffer ‘Dutch disease’. Moreover, from the experience of Nigeria, Cyprus should take precautionary steps to check hydrocarbons industry related corruption, internal conflicts and other paradox which hydrocarbons could bring about. In conclusion, the paper recommends that the Cyprus economy should remain diversified in order to avoid the negative experience of Nigeria.
L'intégration Des TIC Dans L’enseignement Des Sciences De La Vie Et De La Terre Au Maroc: Etat Des Lieux Et Défis À Relever
Authors: Nafidi Youssef , Alami Anouar , Zaki Moncef , El Batri Bouchta , Hassani Mohammed Elazami , Afkar Hanane
Published: February 2018

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are important educational tools; the measures taken to integrate them into the Moroccan education system are multiple. This study was conducted among 181 teachers of life and earth sciences in a large number of establishments (colleges and high schools). This paper focuses on presenting a diagnosis of the reality of the use of ICT in the teaching of the life sciences and earth in secondary school at the national level; identify teachers' perceptions of the real benefits offered by the pedagogical integration of these means in education; and determine, according to the conception of the teachers themselves, the main factors that impede or facilitate the effective and efficient integration of ICT in teaching practice. The results of this research show that there is a limited use of ICT, even though most teachers interviewed are convinced of the richness of pedagogical opportunities created by the integration of ICT in education. Thus, ICT generalization projects in the Moroccan education system should take the main constraints highlighted in this research to integrate the digital age into our schools on a more solid foundation.
Variabilite Des Extremes Pluviometriques Sur Le Bassin Versant De La Riviere Bia (Sud-Est, Cote d’Ivoire)
Authors: Martin Kouassi Kan , Lazare Kouassi Kouakou , Blaise Yao Koffi , Hermann Meledje N'diaye , Jean Biemi , Théophile Lasm , Rouché Nathalie
Published: February 2018

Climate change is a reality which affects many climatic variables, including precipitation. The objective of this article is to study the extreme rain variability from a historical database (1941 - 2000). For this purpose, eleven (11) rainfall indices were calculated at the Adiaké, Bianouan, Ayamé, and Agnibilekro rainfall stations in Côte d'Ivoire. Due to lack of data on daily rainfall on the Ghanaian section of watershed, nine (9) monthly precipitations indices were estimated from monthly rainfall at the Enshi and Buakuc stations. The trend analysis of the precipitations indices show that a generalized downward was most significant in Adiaké compared to other stations. Furthermore, indices extreme thresholding (P99, P99p, P99,5 and P99,5p) have experienced a stable trend and a stationary evolution. All steps were detected in the non-stationary indices mostly observed after 1980 (late break) and before 1960 (precocious break).
L’impact De La Formation, Selon Les Normes Qualite, Sur L’implication Du Personnel Sous Contrats Flexibles : Resultats D’une Etude Empirique
Authors: Mbarki M. Mohamed Amine , Rharzouz M. Jaouad , Boubker M. Omar
Published: February 2018

This paper introduces the raising interests of certified automotive companies of Tangier-Tétouan region on quantitative flexibilization strategies, via atypical contracts. Therefore, the involvement paradox remains significant through contracts’ flexibility. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the training practices impact according to quality standards on stuff involvement under integration contract. On the methodological standpoint, we have combined between an exploratory qualitative approach and a confirmatory quantitative approach, on the basis of a sample of 170 operators under integration contracts in Moroccan automotive industry. The results show that employees ‘training influences positively on their level of emotional involvement.
Overcoming Language Barriers Through an Interactive Platform for Public Engagement
Authors: Coanca Mariana
Published: February 2018

The article discusses the framework for a city visioning platform which can offer a public participation in energy-related actions and support the social acceptance of energy transition. The platform has a dual feature: a. the interactivity of the platform is based on crowd-sourcing tools, open linked data approach, trend mining and scenario building tools to address the gaps in urban planning for energy supply, traffic management and governance practices that have been criticized for being exclusive, top-down and short sighted; b. the platform will act as an intercultural & linguistic mediator by offering the opportunity to the community to interact with people from different cultures in all European languages, stimulation of interest and critical thinking, the opportunity to engage in constructive dialogues and projects, capitalizing on the skills and creativity of the participants.
The Relationship between Resilience & Mental Health among a Sample of University of Nizwa Students - Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Rudwan Samer , Alhashimia Saada
Published: February 2018

This study employs the descriptive approach to identify the relationship between resilience and mental health in light of some variables in a student sample at the University of Nisswa. The sample consisted of 1,000 students, including 403 men and (597) women. The sample random sampling. Two instruments were used: the resilience scale (Connor & Davidson , 2003) and the Arab Mental Health Scale (Abdel-Khalek, 2011). The psychometric properties of both scales were tested. To answer the study questions, the following statistics were used: Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, one-way ANOVA Test, LSD test, and regression analysis. The results indicate a positive correlation between mental health and resilience. There was also a significant difference between female and male students in terms of resilience and mental health in favor of female students; It seems that women are more resilient and healthier than men. The study of age differences did not reveal any differences. The study also indicates that resilience has a significant impact on mental health. Finally, the results were tweaked against the limitations of the study.
Bazı Asma Anaçları ve Bu Anaçlar Üzerine Aşılı Sultani Çekirdeksiz Çeşidinde Fidan Randımanı ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Sucu Seda , Yağcı Adem
Published: February 2018

Filoksera zararlısının
varlığı asma yetiştiriciliğinin yapıldığı topraklarda, anaç kullanımını zorunlu
hale getirmiştir. Ancak bu anaçları seçerken dikkat edilmesi gereken bazı
hususlar vardır. Bunlardan biriside anaç ve çeşit arasındaki uyum ve bu uyumun
fidan randımanı ve kalitesi üzerine olan etkisidir. Çalışmada; ülkemizde
kullanılan Amerikan asma anaçlarının bir çoğunun (Rup. du Lot, 420A, 5BB, SO4,
8B, 110R, 1103P, 140 Ru, 41 B, Ramsey) kendi kökleri üzerine aşısız olarak ve
Sultani Çekirdeksiz çeşidi ile aşılanmaları ile aşılı olarak yetiştirilen
bitkiler kullanılmıştır. Aşılı ve aşısız bitkilerde randıman ve kalite
özellikleri incelenmiştir. Fidan randımanı ve kalite kriterleri açısından aşılı
ve aşısız bitkiler kendi aralarında değerlendirildiklerinde incelenen parametreler
bakımından farklar istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. Aşılı bitkiler
arasında fidan randımanı bakımından; S.Ç/ Rupestris du Lot (%54), S.Ç/5BB (%54)
kombinasyonu ön plana çıkarken aşısız bitkilerde Sultani Çekirdeksiz çeşidi
(%84) ve 5BB (%82) anacı ön plana çıkmıştır. Kök uzunluğu bakımından aşılı
bitkilerde S.Ç/1103P (110 mm) ve S.Ç/110R (102 mm) kombinasyonu, aşısız
bitkilerde 1103P, 8B (73 mm) anaçları ön plana çıkmıştır. Yaş ve kuru kök
ağırlığı bakımından aşılı bitkilerde 
S.Ç/1103P (2.8-1.8 g) , S.Ç/110R (3-1.9 g), aşısız bitkilerde 140 Ru
(2.8-1.6 g), 5BB (1.8-1.6 g) anaçları ön plana çıkmıştır.