bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics analyses reveal the crucial role of ERK in regulating metabolic pathways associated with the proliferation of human cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma cells treated with Glabridin
Authors: Khan Abdul Q. , Agha Maha Victor , Ahmad Fareed , Anver Rasheeda , Sheikhan Khalid Sultan A. M. , Mateo Jericha , Alam Majid , Buddenkotte Joerg , Uddin Shahab , Steinhoff Martin
Published: July 2024

Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTC) are a heterogeneous group of T‐cell lymphoproliferative malignancies of the skin with limited treatment options, increased resistance and remission. Metabolic reprogramming is vital in orchestrating the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Importantly, deregulated signalling plays a significant role in metabolic reprogramming. Considering the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in cancer‐cell growth and proliferation, target identification and the development of novel and multi‐targeting agents are imperative. The present study explores the underlying mechanisms and metabolic signalling pathways associated with Glabridin mediated anti‐cancer actions in CTCL. Our results show that Glabridin significantly inhibits the growth of CTCL cells through induction of programmed cell death (PCD) such as apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Interestingly, results further show that Glabridin induces PCD in CTCL cells by targeting MAPK signalling pathways, particularly the activation of ERK. Further, Glabridin also sensitized CTCL cells to the anti‐cancer drug, bortezomib. Importantly, LC–MS‐based metabolomics analyses further showed that Glabridin targeted multiple metabolites and metabolic pathways intricately involved in cancer cell growth and proliferation in an ERK‐dependent fashion. Overall, our findings revealed that Glabridin induces PCD and attenuates the expression of regulatory proteins and metabolites involved in orchestrating the uncontrolled proliferation of CTCL cells through ERK activation. Therefore, Glabridin possesses important features of an ideal anti‐cancer agent.
Highlight of 2023: Advances in germinal centers
Authors: Pankhurst Theresa E , Linterman Michelle A
Published: July 2024

In this article for the Highlight of 2023 series, we discuss recent advances in the fundamental biology of the germinal center response. These discoveries provide important insights as to how the germinal center contributes to protection against infection, and also highlights opportunities for future vaccine development.
Development of an instrument to measure the competencies of health professionals in the process of evidence‐based healthcare: A Delphi study
Authors: Wang Shuang , Zhang Jiayi , wang Lijie , Liang Jin , Wu Xiaofen , Li Xiran , Zhang Lili , Wang Ning
Published: July 2024

Aims

To identify and reach consensus on dimensions and criteria of a competence assessment instrument for health professionals in relation to the process of evidence‐based healthcare.

Design

A two‐round Delphi survey was carried out from April to June 2023.

Methods

Consensus was sought from an expert panel on the instrument preliminarily established based on the JBI Model of Evidence‐Based Healthcare and a rapid review of systematic reviews of relevant literature. The level of consensus was reflected by the concentration and coordination of experts' opinions and percentage of agreement. The instrument was revised significantly based on the combination of data analysis, the experts' comments and research group discussions.

Results

Sixteen national and three international experts were involved in the first‐round Delphi survey and 17 experts participated in the second‐round survey. In both rounds, full consensus was reached on the four dimensions of the instrument, namely evidence‐generation, evidence‐synthesis, evidence‐transfer and evidence‐implementation. In round‐one, the instrument was revised from 77 to 61 items. In round‐two, the instrument was further revised to have 57 items under the four dimensions in the final version.

Conclusion

The Delphi survey achieved consensus on the instrument. The validity and reliability of the instrument needs to be tested in future research internationally.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Systematic assessment of nurses and other health professionals' competencies in different phases of evidence‐based healthcare process based on this instrument provides implications for their professional development and multidisciplinary team collaboration in evidence‐based practice and better care process and outcomes.

Impact

This study addresses a research gap of lacking an instrument to systematically assess interprofessional competencies in relation to the process of EBHC. The instrument covers the four phases of EBHC process with minimal criteria, highlighting essential aspects of ability to be developed. Identification of health professionals' level of competence in these aspects helps strengthen their capacity accordingly so as to promote virtuous EBHC ecosystem for the ending purpose of improving global healthcare outcomes.

Reporting Method

This study was reported in line with the Conducting and REporting of DElphi studies (CREDES) guidance on Delphi studies.

Patient and Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Can interaction with generative artificial intelligence enhance learning autonomy? A longitudinal study from comparative perspectives of virtual companionship and knowledge acquisition preferences
Authors: Xie Zehang , Wu Xinzhu , Xie Yunxiang
Published: July 2024

Background

With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, generative AI has been widely used in the field of education and represents a groundbreaking shift in overcoming the constraints of time and space within educational activities. However, previous literature has not paid enough attention to AI‐involved teaching patterns, and it is necessary to evaluate the effects of this learning pattern.

Objectives

Based on the social presence theory and the community of inquiry model, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate whether and how interaction frequency with chatbots (IFC) affects people's learning autonomy (LA) under two preferences: knowledge acquisition and virtual companionship, and whether social presence (SP) plays a mediating role.

Methods

The 1‐year longitudinal study was designed to be conducted from May 2022 to May 2023 and included three rounds of surveys of 1155 undergraduate students on their use of robots for learning.

Results and Conclusions

For learners preferring virtual companionship, no direct correlation was found between IFC and LA. However, SP acted as a mediating factor, enhancing LA through increased chatbot interactions. This suggests that while direct interactions may not directly influence LA, the resulting SP can foster it. Conversely, for learners favouring knowledge acquisition, higher IFC negatively impacted both SP and LA. Despite this, a strong sense of SP consistently correlated positively with LA, indicating it could offset some negative effects of frequent chatbot use.
Efficacy and safety of topical minocycline foam (FMX101 4%) in treatment of Chinese subjects with moderate‐to‐severe facial acne vulgaris: A phase 3, multi‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled study
Authors: Le Yan , Yang Wenlin , Lu Jianyun , Jiang Xian , Guo Qing , Huang Chunyun , Sun Qing , Wang Huiping , Bi Mingye , Wang Haiying , Geng Songmei , Yang Bin , Xu Ai‐E , Cui Yong , Man Xiaoyong , Zhao Yi , Zhang Litao , Li Linfeng , Song Zhiqiang , Chen Jin , Cheng Hao , Zhu Wei , Han Xiuping , Li Shanshan , Lin Tong , Zhang Chunlei , Li Jiuhong , Li Yanling , Ding Yangfeng , Wang Linda , Zhu Yuefang , Xiang Leihong
Published: July 2024

Background

FMX101 4%, as a topical foam formulation of minocycline, has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris (AV).

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of FMX101 4% in treating Chinese subjects with moderate‐to‐severe facial AV.

Methods

This was a multi‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled phase 3 study in Chinese subjects with moderate‐to‐severe AV. Eligible subjects were randomized 2:1 to receive either FMX101 4% or vehicle foam treatment for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in inflammation lesion count (ILC) from baseline at week 12. The key secondary endpoint was the treatment success rate according to Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) at week 12.

Results

In total, 372 subjects were randomized into two groups (FMX101 4% group, n = 248; vehicle group, n = 124). After 12 weeks treatment, the reduction in ILC from baseline was statistically significant in favour of FMX101 4%, compared with vehicle foam (−21.0 [0.08] vs. −12.3 [1.14]; LSM [SE] difference, −8.7 [1.34]; 95% CI [−11.3, −6.0]; p < 0.001). FMX101 4% treatment yielded significantly higher IGA treatment success rate at week 12 as compared to the control treatment (8.06% vs. 0%). Applying FMX101 4% also resulted in significant reduction in noninflammatory lesion count (nILC) versus vehicle foam at week 12 (−19.4 [1.03] vs. −14.9 [1.47]; LSM [SE] difference, −4.5 [1.74]; 95% CI [−8.0, −1.1]; p = 0.009). Most treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild‐to‐moderate in severity, and no treatment‐related treatment‐emergent serious adverse event (TESAE) occurred. Thus, FMX101 4% was considered to be a safe and well‐tolerated product during the 12‐week treatment period.

Conclusion

FMX101 4% treatment for 12 weeks could lead to significantly reduced ILC and nILC, and improved IGA treatment success rate in Chinese subjects with moderate‐to‐severe facial AV. It also showed a well acceptable safe and tolerability profile.
APOE epsilon variants and composite risk of dementia, disability, and death in the health and retirement study
Authors: Clocchiatti‐Tuozzo Santiago , Szejko Natalia , Rivier Cyprien A. , Renedo Daniela , Huo Shufan , Sheth Kevin N. , Gill Thomas M. , Falcone Guido J.
Published: July 2024

Background

Clinical trials in older adults are increasingly focused on functional outcomes, and the composite outcome of dementia, disability, and death is gaining pivotal importance. Genetic variation, particularly the APOE epsilon(ε) variants, may modify responses to new treatments. Although APOE ε4 is known to influence these outcomes separately, the magnitude of its effect on this composite outcome remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that APOE ε4 increases, whereas APOE ε2 decreases, the risk of a composite outcome of dementia, disability, and death.

Methods

We evaluated clinical and genomic data from the Health and Retirement Study collected from 1992 to 2020. We used variants rs429358 and rs7412 to determine APOE genotypes, modeled dominantly (carriers/noncarriers). We conducted survival analysis, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with a composite endpoint of dementia, disability, and death. Our primary analysis evaluated participants with genetic data and no previous dementia or disability. In secondary analyses, we focused on persons aged > = 75 years without heart disease or stroke, a subpopulation increasingly important in clinical trials of older adults.

Results

We included 14,527 participants in the primary analysis. Over a median of 18 (Interquartile Range [IQR] 12–24) years, 6711 (46%) participants developed the composite outcome. In Cox analyses, APOE ε4 associated with higher risk (HR:1.15, 95%CI:1.09–1.22) of the composite outcome, whereas APOE ε2 associated with lower risk (HR:0.92, 95%CI:0.86–0.99). In the secondary analysis, we included 3174 participants. Over a median of 7 (IQR 4–11) years, 1326 participants (42%) developed the composite outcome. In Cox analyses, APOE ε4 associated with higher risk (HR:1.25, 95%CI:1.10–1.41) of the composite outcome, whereas APOE ε2 associated with lower risk (HR:0.84, 95%CI:0.71–0.98).

Conclusions

APOE ε variants are linked to the risk of dementia, disability, and death in older adults. By examining these variants in clinical trials, we can better elucidate how they might alter the effectiveness of tested interventions. Importantly, this genetic information could help identify participants who may have greater absolute benefit from such interventions.
Direct access to specific autobiographical memories is lower in healthy middle‐aged to older adult Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers compared to non‐carriers
Authors: Knoff Aubrey A. W. , Bowles Bailey , Andrews‐Hanna Jessica R. , Grilli Matthew D.
Published: July 2024

Recent research suggests that the retrieval of autobiographical memories among cognitively healthy middle‐aged and older adults is sensitive to the Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele, a genetic marker that increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. However, whether the APOE4‐associated alteration in autobiographical memory retrieval encompasses rapid (i.e. direct retrieval) or iterative (i.e. generative retrieval) processes remains unclear. In the present study, 39 APOE4 carriers and 45 non‐carriers (ages 60–80) who scored within normal limits on neuropsychological testing were cued to generate specific autobiographical events. We examined group differences in direct and generative retrieval and correlated direct and generative retrieval rates with performance on neuropsychological tests. Direct retrieval rates were lower in the APOE4 carriers compared to non‐carriers. Episodic memory positively correlated with direct retrieval rates across the sample, though this relationship became non‐significant when factoring in age and sex. There were no significant findings related to successful generative retrieval rates and its efficiency. In summary, compared to non‐carriers, cognitively unimpaired middle‐aged to older adult APOE4 carriers demonstrated greater difficulty, rapidly reconstructing specific autobiographical events without the support of semantic memory, suggesting that early autobiographical memory retrieval processes demonstrate vulnerability to AD‐related risk factors.
Oral Candida in post‐radiotherapy patients with xerostomia/hyposalivation: A narrative review
Authors: Bhumitrakul Jom , Lam‐ubol Aroonwan , Matangkasombut Oranart
Published: July 2024

Objective

Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) often suffer from xerostomia and/or hyposalivation. As saliva plays an important antimicrobial and cleansing roles, these patients are at higher risks of opportunistic infections. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of current evidence on oral Candida colonisation and infection in these patients.

Methods

A literature review of clinical studies on oral Candida colonisation and candidiasis in HNC patients receiving radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy was conducted.

Results

Many clinical studies found high levels of Candida colonisation and a substantial proportion of post‐RT HNC patients suffering from oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). Importantly, oral Candida could be a reservoir for life‐threatening systemic infection in immunocompromised patients. The rising prevalence of non‐albicans Candida species and drug‐resistant infections has made identification of Candida species and antifungal susceptibility more important. Recent advances in oral microbiome and its interactions with Candida are discussed. This review also offers perspectives on limitations of current evidence and suggestions for future research.

Conclusion

Further research to better understand Candida carriage, microbiome, OPC, and xerostomia/hyposalivation post‐RT would aid in devising a more comprehensive long‐term management plan and novel therapeutic approaches for HNC patients to achieve the full benefits of RT while minimising side effects.
Partner support behaviors and relationship quality in interracial and intraracial Black romantic relationships
Authors: From Annika , Banks Jasmine , Edelstein Robin S.
Published: July 2024

A convergent, mixed‐methods design was used to understand associations between partner behaviors and relationship quality among people in interracial and intraracial romantic relationships. Across two samples, 224 individuals (including 55 couples) who were in a relationship in which they and/or their partner identified as Black completed measures of perceived partner responsiveness, partner responses to stress, and relationship quality. Participants in the first sample also provided open‐ended responses about the role of race in their relationship. Participants who reported higher partner responsiveness, more supportive partner responses to their stress, better overall dyadic coping, and fewer unsupportive partner responses to their stress reported higher relationship quality. The strength of the associations for perceived partner responsiveness and partner responses to stress with relationship quality did not differ based on the racial composition of the relationship. Qualitative responses revealed additional support processes and barriers to support that may be unique to different relationship compositions. These findings expand understanding of the most effective support behaviors that Black individuals and their romantic partners use in their relationships and illuminate how support processes might differ depending on an individual's race and the race of their partner.
Ascorbate, plant hormones and their interactions during plant responses to biotic stress
Authors: Singh Kalpita , Gupta Ravi , Shokat Sajid , Iqbal Nadeem , Kocsy Gábor , Pérez‐Pérez José Manuel , Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
Published: July 2024

Plants can experience a variety of environmental stresses that significantly impact their fitness and survival. Additionally, biotic stress can harm agriculture, leading to reduced crop yields and economic losses worldwide. As a result, plants have developed defense strategies to combat potential invaders. These strategies involve regulating redox homeostasis. Several studies have documented the positive role of plant antioxidants, including Ascorbate (Asc), under biotic stress conditions. Asc is a multifaceted antioxidant that scavenges ROS, acts as a co‐factor for different enzymes, regulates gene expression, and facilitates iron transport. However, little attention has been given to Asc and its transport, regulatory effects, interplay with phytohormones, and involvement in defense processes under biotic stress. Asc interacts with other components of the redox system and phytohormones to activate various defense responses that reduce the growth of plant pathogens and promote plant growth and development under biotic stress conditions. Scientific reports indicate that Asc can significantly contribute to plant resistance against biotic stress through mutual interactions with components of the redox and hormonal systems. This review focuses on the role of Asc in enhancing plant resistance against pathogens. Further research is necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular regulatory processes involved.
‘Minding the pentecostal paradox’: Currents and cross‐currents in pentecostal studies in Africa (PenteSA)
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J.
Published: July 2024

Employing the pentecostal paradox motif, this survey engages the literature on African Pentecostalism across a spectrum of disciplines in both humanities and social sciences. Utilising a thematic cluster as analytical approach, the study posits that African Pentecostalism represents a decolonial shift from an era of mere beliefs to the era of the dispensation of the Spirit. African Pentecostalism emphasises post‐indigenous and transrational appropriations of the gospel, situated within specific historical and cultural contexts. The study concludes by zooming in on the imperative for scholars on Pentecostal studies in Africa (PenteSA) to be mindful of 'the pentecostal paradox', urging them to recognise their roles as a prophetic vocation.
Tectono‐sedimentary history of the upper Cedar Mountain Formation, Central Utah, USA
Authors: Tucker Ryan T. , King M. Ryan , Mohr Michael T. , Renaut Ray K. , Crowley James L. , Fekete Jack W. , Makovicky Peter J. , Zanno Lindsay E.
Published: July 2024

Current investigations into the Albian–Cenomanian sedimentary record within the Western Interior have identified multiple complex tectono‐sedimentary process–response systems during the ongoing evolution of North America. One key sedimentary succession, the upper Cedar Mountain Formation (Short Canyon Member and Mussentuchit Member), has historically been linked to various regionally and continentally significant tectonic events, including Sevier fold‐and‐thrust deformation. However, the linkage between the Short Canyon Member and active Sevier tectonism has been unclear due to a lack of high‐precision age constraints. To establish temporal context, this study compares maximum depositional ages from detrital zircons recovered from the Short Canyon Member with that of a modified Bayesian age stratigraphic model (top‐down) to infer that the Short Canyon Member was deposited at ca 100 Ma, penecontemporaneous with rejuvenated thrusting across Utah [Pavant (Pahvant), Iron Springs and Nebo thrusts]. These also indicate a short depositional hiatus with the lowermost portion of the overlying Mussentuchit Member. The Short Canyon Member and Mussentuchit Member preserve markedly different sedimentary successions, with the Short Canyon Member interpreted to be composed of para‐autochthonous orogen–transverse (across the Sevier highlands) clastics deposited within a series of stacked distributive fluvial fans. Meanwhile, the muddy paralic Mussentuchit Member was a mix of orogen–transverse (Sevier highlands and Cordilleran Arc) and orogen–parallel basinal sediments and suspension settling fines within the developing collisional foredeep. However, the informally named last chance sandstone (middle sandstone of the Mussentuchit Member) is identified as an orogen–transverse sandy debris flow originating from the Sevier highlands, similar to the underlying Short Canyon Member. During this phase of landscape evolution, the Short Canyon Member – Mussentuchit Member depocentre was a sedimentary conduit system that would fertilize the Western Interior Seaway with ash‐rich sediments. These volcaniclastic contributions, along with penecontemporaneous deposits across the western coastal margin of the Western Interior Seaway, eventually would have lowered oxygen content and resulted in a contributing antecedent trigger for the Cenomanian–Turonian transition Oceanic Anoxic Event 2.
Developmental trajectories of non‐suicidal self‐injury in adolescence: The effect of social support and socioeconomic status
Authors: Liu Jinmeng , Gao Yemiao , Liu Xia , Wang Hui
Published: July 2024

Background

Non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in early adolescence has been amply documented. However, there has been little research on the progression of NSSI over time. Most studies have focused on the risk factors for NSSI, with less attention devoted to understanding the role of protective factors. This paper aimed to expand existing knowledge about the development of NSSI, with an emphasis on the impacts of protective factors such as social support and socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods

A total of 436 adolescents completed self‐report surveys that addressed social support including friend, family, and teacher support, objective and subjective SES, and NSSI at three different points in time for 2 years.

Results

Latent growth curve analyses revealed that NSSI increased across early adolescence to mid‐adolescence. Support from friends and family negatively predicted adolescents' initial NSSI level. Furthermore, subjective SES negatively predicted the rate of NSSI.

Conclusions

These findings contribute to an understanding of the influences of both social support and SES on NSSI over time. NSSI interventions and education should include considerations of both the value of support from friends and family as well as subjective SES.
An ‘interface first’ bureaucracy: Interface design, universal credit and the digital welfare state
Authors: Meers Jed , Halliday Simon , Tomlinson Joe
Published: July 2024

The front‐line of the welfare state is increasingly not a letter, phone call or face‐to‐face visit, but an online user‐interface. This ‘interface first’ bureaucracy is a fundamental reshaping of social security administration, but the design and operation of these interfaces is poorly understood. Drawing on interview data from senior civil servants, welfare benefits advisors and claimants on the UK's flagship Universal Credit working‐age benefit, this paper is a detailed analysis of the role played by interfaces in the modern welfare state. Providing examples from across the Universal Credit system, it sets out a five‐fold typology of user‐interface design elements in the social security context: (i) structuring data input, (ii) interaction architecture, (iii) operative controls, (iv) prompting and priming, and (v) integrations. The paper concludes by considering the implications of an ‘interface first’ welfare bureaucracy for future research.
The forecast and low‐carbon performance of land use in rapid urbanization area under the low‐carbon oriented spatial planning: Evidence from Hangzhou, China
Authors: Gu Weicheng , Qi Weifeng , Zhang Mingyu
Published: July 2024

The introduction of the carbon peak and carbon‐neutral targets by many countries' central governments has put low‐carbon‐oriented spatial planning at the forefront of discussions. However, few studies have focused on the balance of carbon emission reduction and economic goals in spatial planning, and the governance influence on land use change simulation. This study addresses this gap by conducting an empirical analysis in the rapidly urbanizing area of Hangzhou, China, taking into consideration low‐carbon constraints and economic development demands. Using the stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STRIPAT) model and linear programming–Markov, we simulate the governance decision‐making process to calculate the optimal land‐use structures under both low‐carbon and baseline scenario, then simulated land use patterns by using artificial‐neural‐network‐based cellular automata (ANN‐CA). The results showed 12.35% and 2.5% growth in urban and forest land, and 9.69% and 6.4% decline in farm and rural land under the low‐carbon scenario. 92.31% of urban land change occur in the downtown districts and suburbs; while 59.77% of farm land change and 95.53% of forest land change occur in the exurban districts. The low‐carbon performance of land use was reflected in carbon storage release, carbon emission capability change, and low‐carbon capability. The most common conversion of land use categories under the low‐carbon scenario was between farm and forest land, and between rural and urban land, which resulted in less carbon storage release and carbon emissions compared with the baseline scenario. Furthermore, under the low‐carbon scenario, the compactness of construction land increased by 2 × 10−5, while its fragmentation decreased by 0.0027. This study sheds light on the impact of low‐carbon‐oriented land use planning on urban land expansion, providing empirical evidence for city governments in rapid urbanization areas to improve land use efficiency.
Comparison between dermatology coursework and veterinary student experience in Indonesian and US veterinary programs
Authors: Putra Andhika , Plowgian Curtis
Published: July 2024

Background

Dermatological cases are commonly encountered worldwide. Dermatology specialists and a specific dermatology curriculum may not be available in some parts of the world.

Objectives

This study's first objective was to describe the dermatology curricula at a sample of American and Indonesian veterinary schools. The second objective was to investigate veterinary students' opinions regarding their readiness and confidence in managing dermatological cases.

Methods and Materials

Two online questionnaires were designed and distributed to veterinary schools in both Indonesia and the United States. One questionnaire was designed to evaluate the details of the dermatology coursework and distributed to a conveniently selected representative faculty of each school via email. The other questionnaire, which was distributed to veterinary students through a listserv, surveyed students' opinions about their education. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic data analysis.

Results

In the United States, 63.7% of responding veterinary schools had a specific faculty member teaching dermatology. Dermatology coursework was mandatory in 55% and 0% of schools in the United States and Indonesia, respectively. Ten of 11 responding US schools offered dermatology rotations, yet this was only required for graduation in three schools. None of the Indonesian schools offered a dermatology rotation. Students in both countries reported that they were confident in their clinical skills regardless of the presence of a board‐certified dermatology referral clinician.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Our study presents an updated insight into dermatology education in the veterinary curriculum from the perspectives of both faculty and students in the United States and Indonesia.
Antibacterial Activity and Metabolite Content of Water and Methanolic Extracts of Purple and White Bougainvillea sp.
Authors: Makerly Hazelynna , Hashim Zanariah
Published: July 2024

Bougainvillea sp. is a common ornamental plant grown all over Malaysia with several medicinal claims including the treatment for bacterial infection. This study investigated the extraction of the bracts and leaves of purple and white Bougainvillea sp. using methanol and water, tested the extracts' antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, and identified the metabolites using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS).  The extraction yields of the extracts ranged from 9.6% to 31.3% with the highest yield observed in purple Bougainvillea sp. methanolic leaf extract. No significant differences were observed between water and methanol extraction of the bract samples, while in leaf samples, significantly higher extraction yield can be achieved using 80% aqueous methanol. All the extracts exhibited mild antibacterial activities against E. coli and B. cereus and especially higher in the methanolic extracts of bracts of white and leaves of purple Bougainvillea sp. A total of 71 volatile compounds were identified using GC/MS, in which 55 and 60 compounds were identified in bract and leaf extracts, respectively. The two extracts with the highest antibacterial activities shared six similar metabolites which are pyridine, benzoic acid, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, methyl hexadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid and phytol.  These compounds are known to possess antibacterial as well as other bioactivities. In conclusion, the metabolite identification and profile provide more insight into the antibacterial activity of the leaf and bract extracts of Bougainvillea sp., which might be further explored as a potential natural antibacterial agent source.
Towards an Annually Updated Oil Palm Age Database (OPAD) with Multimodal Remote Sensing Features: Design and Preliminary Result
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Yu Le , Du Zhenrong , Kanniah Kasturi
Published: July 2024

The cultivation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is globally significant, particularly in tropical regions, due to the diverse applications of palm oil and palm kernel oil. This necessitates precise monitoring for sustainable management amidst escalating demand. This study aims to develop an annually updated Oil Palm Age Database (OPAD) using multisource remote sensing data to predict the oil palm age, a critical factor affecting productivity and environmental sensitivity. By comprehensively analyzing multisource remote sensing data from 1982 to 2023, this study establishes OPAD and validates its reliability using a random forest classifier. The findings reveal the relationship between remote sensing data features and changes in the oil palm age, offering insights into sustainable management practices. The results indicate an overall accuracy of 86.86 ± 0.92% for grouped age (i.e., seed (1-2 years), young (3-8 years), teen (9-14 years), mature (15-25 years), and post-mature (over 25 years)), with features such as GEDI forest height, ScanSAR HH SAVG, Planet NIR, and Planet Blue being instrumental in age prediction. Integrating optical, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and canopy height data enables effective age prediction, which is essential for optimizing management strategies, assessing yield potential, and mitigating environmental impacts.
Integration of Different Density UAV Lidar and Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) for River and Riparian Area Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Construction
Authors: Raj Puven P. Chazian , Abdul Rahman Muhammad Zulkarnain , Ariffin Azman , Wan Kadir Wan Hazli , Suhaili Husaini
Published: July 2024

Rivers and riparian areas are vital components of ecosystems, but accurately modeling their terrain presents challenges, especially in detecting the river surface. This paper proposes an integrated approach that combines UAV LiDAR and Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) data to construct a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of river and riparian areas. The objective is to overcome the limitations posed by water, which absorbs near-infrared laser energy, resulting in weak or absent LiDAR returns. Different UAV LiDAR densities were examined to determine the optimal configuration for capturing riparian areas. Evaluation of the results utilized various metrics, including root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean bias error (MBE), and correlation coefficient (CC). Three ground filtering methods were implemented and assessed: morphological filters, adaptive triangulated irregular network (ATIN) filtering, and above-ground level (AGL) filtering. Among the evaluated methods, the DTM constructed using ATIN with an 80-meter flight configuration yielded the most accurate results. It achieved an RMSE of 0.18m, an MSE of 0.03m, an MAE of 0.17m, an MBE of 9.08m, and a CC of 1.00. Comparatively, other methods exhibited higher error values and lower correlation coefficients. The findings highlight the efficacy of ATIN filtering in conjunction with an 80-meter UAV LiDAR flight for obtaining reliable DTMs of river and riparian areas. This approach demonstrates significant improvement in accuracy, particularly in terms of RMSE and MSE. The derived DTM can be a valuable tool for safeguarding and managing these critical ecosystems. In summary, this paper successfully addresses the challenge of modeling river and riparian terrains by integrating UAV LiDAR and SBES data. By employing ATIN filtering with an 80-meter flight configuration, the study achieves a highly accurate DTM. By employing ATIN filtering with an 80-meter flight configuration, the study achieves a precise, high DTM with minimal error. The developed model contributes to protecting and preserving river and riparian ecosystems.
A Review of Leveraging Big Data Analytics for Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Authors: Lew Xin Yi  , Jaafar Abdul Ghafar
Published: July 2024

As organizations aim to drive sustainability in their supply chain management practices, big data analytics has emerged as one of the effective approaches. However,data security and privacy challenges remain since big data analytics continue evolving in the supply chain. These challenges need to be addressed by organizations to ensure business performance. This paper conducts systematic literature reviews of the potential of big data analytics in driving sustainability in supply chain management. The findings show that big data analytics enables organizations to make data-driven decisions, optimize business processes, and enhance sustainability through techniques like machine learning, predictive, and prescriptive analysis. Future research directions are suggested, focusing on addressing the challenges with appropriate strategies and exploring the impact of other Industry 4.0 technologies on sustainable supply chain management.
A Review of Factors Affecting Consumers’ Purchase Intentions in the Live-streaming Commerce Context
Authors: QI LING , Masrom Maslin
Published: July 2024

The appearance and development of live-streaming commerce has altered both business and consumers. Hence, understanding consumers’ purchase behaviors in the live-streaming commerce context becomes a crucial competitive edge for retail marketers. The purpose of this research is to review factors affecting consumers’ purchase intentions in the live-streaming commerce context. In this research, the identified factors affecting consumers’ purchase intention in a live-streaming commerce context have been categorized into three dimensions, which are technological factors, background fitting factors, and cognitive and affective states factors. It is expected that the identified factors that affect purchase intentions could give some insights to retail marketers on how to stimulate consumers to purchase in the live-streaming commerce context.
The Influence of Robotic Process Automation on the Administrative Workload of Teachers
Authors: Zahurin Khadijah , Mamat Normaisharah , Wan Ali Wan Noor Hamiza , Abas Hafiza
Published: July 2024

Teachers often encounter a massive volume of administrative tasks that may affect their productivity and overall satisfaction with their work. Due to excessive workloads, teachers may encounter high levels of stress and a decline in the quality of their teaching. An advanced solution technique that incorporates Robotic Process Automation (RPA) offers a possible resolution to optimize teachers’ workload. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of RPA in optimizing administrative workload and job satisfaction. Moreover, this study has the goal of identifying key considerations and challenges in developing RPA projects within educational settings. The research included a sample of 30 teachers selected from several schools, ensuring a diverse sample in terms of experience, subject specialization, and school type which are public and private. The surveys are conducted to allow for a comprehensive understanding of the varying impacts and perceptions of RPA across different educational contexts. The results demonstrate a significant integration of RPA in terms of minimizing administrative workload, challenges of adaptation, enhanced job satisfaction, and increased efficacy and productivity. Teachers also expressed a greater positive impact of the implementation of RPA with 76.7% influence on interaction with students and 46.7% able to improve job satisfaction. The integration of RPA into administrative workload not only streamlines administrative tasks but also allows teachers to dedicate more time to instructional and student-centered activities. Future research could focus on long-term impacts and exploration of RPA across different educational contexts.
Enhancing Sustainability in the Plantation Sector: Identifying and Addressing Technological Gaps through Survey-Based Analysis
Authors: Mat Dahali Suzita , Wan Ali Wan Noor Hamiza , Abas Hafiza , Mamat Normaisharah
Published: July 2024

The sustainability of the plantation sector is a serious challenge, involving the identification and closure of technology gaps that prevent the adoption of sustainable methods. This research investigates these gaps and their implications, to improve sectoral sustainability. A survey of 16 respondents from plantation workers who have varied backgrounds, including varying levels of experience and employment titles, was used to obtain insights into the technology infrastructure that supports sustainable practices. The findings reveal diverse perceptions: 43.8% of respondents believe their access to modern technology is adequate, while 18.8% disagree. 50% expressed confidence in the current system's capability to support sustainable practices. About 37.5% believe their organizations invest appropriately in technology, but 50% see room for improvement. Training appears to be another issue where 37.5% agree that employees receive adequate training but 25% disagree. These responses highlight the necessity for comprehensive strategies to address these barriers. The study highlights the significance of ongoing research, development, and the incorporation of practical solutions into the plantation sector. Collaboration among stakeholders, is critical for developing supportive policies, investing in technology, and increasing capacity for sustainable practices.
Enhancing Aerodynamic Performance of a Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Contoured Cascade Through Section Profiling Method
Authors: Du Zhengshuai , Cai Le , Zeng Jun , Chen Yingjie , Zhou Xun , Wang Songtao
Published: July 2024

Endwall contouring and 3D blade configurations are effective techniques for enhancing turbomachinery performance. The integration of these technologies is an important area of investigation. To continue the numerical and experimental validations of the non-axisymmetric endwall contoured cascade (Du et al., 2024, “Endwall Contouring for Improving Aerodynamic Performance in a High-Pressure Turbine Cascade,” ASME J. Turbomach., 146(10), p. 101001), the present study redesigns the cascade via section profiling using optimization methods to maximize performance gains. To improve the control effect of endwall contouring, blade section parameters are strategically adjusted during optimization. The experimental flow field traverses at cascade exits demonstrate the control of the cascade flow field by the optimized design. The redesigned cascade exhibits decreased overturning near the shroud and reduced underturning near the hub, as well as reduced profile loss in the mainstream, compared to the endwall contoured cascade. The modification of section parameters enhances the control of losses and the secondary flow intensity. Computational fluid dynamics is used to provide a detailed analysis of the flow field, providing insights into how flow structures vary when the blade profile is modified. The numerical results further elucidate the effect of blade section profiling on both the performance characteristics of the cascade and the configuration of the secondary flows.
A simple method improving acoustic mode identification capability based on genetic algorithms
Authors: Bu Huanxian , Han Jun , Xiao Yuqi , Zhou Jie
Published: July 2024

This letter develops a simple approach of duct mode identification and reconstruction based on genetic algorithms, which can extend the azimuthal mode order range compared to the conventional method based on the (spatial) discrete Fourier transform. The underlying principle is reconstructing the dominant mode from the modal identification forward model through optimization by exploiting the sparsity of the mode amplitude vector. The performance is experimentally demonstrated for detections of one and two azimuthal modes under noisy conditions with nondominant modes. Overall, the proposed genetic-algorithm-based framework for solving acoustic inverse problems is beneficial to duct acoustic testing, particularly design evaluations of fan blades and acoustic liners for aeroengines.
Analysis of social determinants of health on emergency department utilization by gunshot wound survivors after level 1 trauma center discharge
Authors: Campbell Jonelle T , Brandolino Amber , Prom Jessica L , Karra Hamsitha , Danso Nana , Biesboer Elise A , Trevino Colleen M , Cronn Susan E , deRoon-Cassini Terri A , Schroeder Mary E
Published: July 2024

Background

This project analyzed risk factors for emergency department (ED) utilization without readmission within 2 weeks post-discharge for survivors of gun violence.

Methods

A hundred gun violence survivors admitted to a Level 1 trauma center were surveyed. Descriptive analyses and group comparisons were conducted between patients who did and did not use the ED. Factors analyzed are rooted in social determinants of health and clinical care related to the index hospitalization.

Results

Of the 100 patients, 31 had an ED visit within 6 weeks, although most (87.1%) returned within 2 weeks of discharge. Factors significantly associated (p≤0.05) with a return ED visit included: not having an identified primary care provider, not having friends or family to count on for help, not having enough money to support themselves before return to work, and not feeling able to read discharge instructions.

Conclusion

Lack of a primary care provider, low health literacy and social support were associated with increased ED visits without readmission post-discharge.

Level of Evidence

Level III, Prognostic and Epidemiological
Sol–Gel Synthesized Nickel‐Doped Ruthenium Oxide Aerogel for Highly Efficient Acidic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kim Taehee , Lee Wonjun , Choi Haryeong , Parale Vinayak G. , Patil Umakant M. , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Seo Jeong Gil , Bae Youn-Sang , Kim Sang-Woo , Park Hyung-Ho
Published: July 2024

Solar and wind energy for water electrolysis are gaining interest in contemporary times. In this context, platinum catalysts are commonly recognized as the standard for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), yet their effectiveness is constrained by their high cost and inadequate stability. Combining Ru and Ni lowers the material expense and greatly improves the electrocatalytic performance. Therefore, in the present study, a 3D nanostructured amorphous RuO2 aerogel is doped with various concentrations of Ni for enhanced HER activity. The results indicate that the 4% Ni‐RuO2 aerogel exhibits a 0D colloidal network featuring interconnected mesopores, with a high specific surface area of 241.5 m2·g−1. In addition, the 4% Ni‐RuO2 aerogel catalyst exhibits the lowest overpotentials of 63 and 122 mV at current densities of 10 and 50 mA·cm−2, respectively, along with enhanced hydrogen adsorption activity for the HER due to the 3D porous structure of the aerogel. However, a further increase in Ni doping leads to a decrease in HER activity due to a reduction in the number of catalytic Ru sites. The study found that doping with the optimum amount of Ni causes a redistribution of charges on the sample surface, thereby uncovering more reaction sites and enhancing the electrocatalytic performance.
Data from Association of Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Youth with Cancer Risk in Adulthood: A Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Niemelä Jussi , Nuotio Joel , Laitinen Tomi T. , Kähönen Mika , Hutri Nina , Lehtimäki Terho , Jokinen Eero , Tossavainen Päivi , Laitinen Tomi P. , Heinonen Olli J. , Dwyer Terence , Pahkala Katja , Rovio Suvi P. , Viikari Jorma , Raitakari Olli , Juonala Markus
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground:
Lifestyle factors may affect cancer risk. This study aimed to identify whether the American Heart Association ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) score and its individual variables in youth are associated with subsequent cancer incidence.
Methods:
This study comprised participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study free of cancer at the analysis baseline in 1986 (n = 1,873). The baseline age was 12 to 24 years, and the follow-up occurred between 1986 and 2018.
Results:
Among 1,873 participants (mean age 17.3 ± 4.1 years; 53.4% females at baseline), 72 incident cancer cases occurred during the follow-up (mean follow-up time 31.4 ± 3.4 years). Baseline ICH score was not associated with future cancer risk (HR, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.12 per 1-point increment). Of individual ICH score variables, ideal physical activity (PA) was inversely associated with cancer incidence [age- and sex-adjusted HR, 0.45 (0.23–0.88) per 1-category change (nonideal/ideal)] and remained significant in the multivariable-adjusted model, including body mass index, smoking, diet, and socioeconomic status. A continuous PA index at ages 9 to 24 years and moderate-to-vigorous PA in youth were also related to decreased cancer incidence (P < 0.05). Body mass index, smoking, diet, total cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure were not related to cancer risk. Of the dietary components, meat consumption was associated with cancer incidence (P = 0.023).
Conclusions:
These findings indicate that higher PA levels in youth are associated with a reduced subsequent cancer incidence, whereas the American Heart Association’s ICH score in youth does not.
Impact:
This finding supports efforts to promote a healthy lifestyle and encourages PA during childhood, yielding a subsequent healthier life.