bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traceur as Bricoleur. Poaching public space through bricolent use of architecture and the body
Authors: Lamb Matthew D.
Published: May 2017

This paper emerged from many months of regular participation in the parkour community in Indianapolis, Indiana. First, this study looks at the art of parkour as a bricolent engagement with architecture. Acts of bricolage, a sort of artistic making-do with objects (including one’s body) in the environment, play with(in) the dominant order to “manipulate the mechanisms of discipline and conform to them only in order to evade them” (de Certeau, 1984:  xiv). Second, this study investigates architecture’s participation in the production and maintenance of what de Certeau calls, “operational logic” (p. xi). That is, how architecture acts as a communicative mode of space; one, which conveys rationalized or acceptable ways of being in space. This critical ethnography, then, takes to task the investigation of how traceurs, the practitioners of parkour, uncover emancipatory potential in city space through bricolent use of both architecture and the body.
Piano at the ground level
Authors: Camargo Laura , Tenorio Gabriela
Published: May 2017

From observing the current dynamics of cities and the development of contemporary architecture, great criticism arises in response to the creation of iconic buildings as formal experiments that do not contribute to the local experience. Motivated by this criticism, this paper aims to analyse and understand the importance and the participation of architecture in the construction of a better public realm. The analytical method seeks to understand, evaluate and manipulate the main attributes of a public space based on the features that make it a platform for public life. The analysis focuses on the public realm in three areas of study- the space resulting of the interaction between the buildings, the interstitial space and the constructed spaces. The projects chosen to analyse consisted on iconic buildings by the architect Renzo Piano, due to his international recognition - a body of work shaped by the contexts in which they operate. The projects are situated in global cities and propose new configurations of public space: Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris; Potsdamer Platz, Berlin; and Saint Giles Court, London. The analysis seeks the features that make architecture successful in the sense that it aggregates people and creates interesting spaces that favour human permanence; the paper evaluates whether the projects of Renzo Piano display these features. Each project has its own particularities. Starting with the dimensions, each project contributes to the public space at a different scale. Nevertheless, the variables analysed were the same for each context, and the effects were considered regarding the proportions and the programmatic possibilities offered by each. After understanding the site and its history, the study of the public life and its local attributes, this paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each building and how they contribute to the specific place. The interpretation of the results took into account not only the present, but also the lifetime of each project, raising some potential problems or successes for the future. It is possible to conclude that the three projects contribute positively to the public space, stimulating urban improvements and constitute good-practice examples, each at a different intensity.
Buildering: barely even a thing
Authors: Day Andy
Published: May 2017

Often frivolous and whimsical, urban climbing has a rich history. Contrary to popular assumption, the phenomenon is neither an offshoot of parkour nor a by-product of the recent trend of rooftop exploration and its resultant photography. Whilst it overlaps extensively, urban climbing has its own characteristics, community and style.
Contemporary exponents often use the term buildering, a portmanteau of 'buildings' and 'bouldering', the latter being a discipline of climbing that focuses on short, difficult ascents that require powerful moves. Many sports and activities are esoteric and autotelic, and bouldering is perhaps the apogee of climbing's absurdity given that the majority of ascents can be achieved by simply walking up the other side of a boulder rather than seeking out a series of nooks and crannies in which to wedge fingers and toes and repeatedly rub chalk.
Buildering takes this esotericism even further. Given its niche appeal and scarcity of practitioners, it is typically an informal, ephemeral, sometimes inadvertently subversive, unstructured activity. Unlike parkour, climbing, or other urban social formations such as skateboarding, it is barely even a “thing”.
The Biennial of Public Space in Rome. From the Charter of Public Space to the Post-Habitat III Agenda
Authors: Garau Pietro
Published: May 2017

The fourth Biennial of Public Space (BISP 2017 – http://www.biennalespaziopubblico.it/) will be held in Rome on May 25-27th, at University of Roma TRE, Testaccio neighbourhood. It will be the first one held after the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda. Therefore, it will have the opportunity to take stock of the challenges the two events posed to city dwellers, civil society and policy makers.
If it will limit itself to parading good practices and admirable projects it will miss this opportunity. However, the intention is to lend an attentive ear, as always, to the work of international agencies and organizations. In fact, one of the preparatory activities proposed is to activate a dialogue paying special attention to the role that local governments and an efficient and responsible public sector can perform in addressing the SDG Public Space Target, and their unique civic responsibility and development potential: policies and planning. Unless this role is explored and enabled, it is highly unlikely that the SDG public space target will be achieved simply relying on civil society initiatives, isolated good practices and spirited performances.
Power and Cooperation
Authors: Schwartz Thomas
Published: May 2017

The pure realist picture of world politics combines the demand for power with the problem of cooperation. In a more up-to-date, less austere variant, power is no unqualified asset: a state can profit from a unilateral loss of power, all else equal. And mutual cooperation is often achievable, thanks in great measure to the shadow of the future. My newer, richer variant enlarges and combines those two features of anarchy: sometimes a loss of power by a single state not only is advantageous to that state but enhances mutual cooperation, and when that happens the motives to cooperate—which turn out to be quite varied—only have to work in a one-sided way.
Predicting Contaminated Water Removal From Residential Water Heaters Under Various Flushing Scenarios
Authors: Hawes Jason K. , Conkling Emily A. , Casteloes Karen S. , Brazeau Randi H. , Salehi Maryam , Whelton Andrew J.
Published: May 2017

The goal of this study was to better understand how to design guidance to flush chemically contaminated residential water heaters. The specific objectives were to identify factors that influence fixture flow rates and water heater turnover and develop and test mass balance models for various sizes of residential water heaters on the basis of real‐world flow conditions. Flow monitoring was conducted for two residential buildings. Water pressure, aerators, and the number of fixtures running affected flow rates, which differed between hot and cold water systems.

Heaters (19, 40, 50, and 80 gal) exhibited characteristics of both continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) and plug‐flow reactors. The ideal CSTR model was overly conservative in predicting contaminant concentration exiting water heaters. A variable‐volume CSTR model more accurately predicted contaminant concentration for the heater types examined. Contaminated water characteristics (i.e., chemical volatility, toxicity) and potential exposures should be a primary consideration when choosing which procedures to implement.
Online kinship. Social media as a site for challenging notions of gender and family.
Authors: Andreassen Rikke
Published: May 2017

The article shows how the technology of social media sites facilitates new kinds of kinship. It ana-lyzes how ‘donor families’ – i.e., families in which the children are conceived via sperm and/or egg donations – negotiate kinship, family formations and gender when connecting with each other online. Family formation and parenting are closely connected with gender and gender norms, and online donor families, therefore, offer an opportunity for understanding gender and gender for-mations in contemporary times and contemporary media. By analyzing commentary threads of a Facebook group connecting donor families as well as interviews with users of this Facebook group, the article shows how the affordances of social media, especially the Facebook application for smart phones, are central to the formation and maintenance of new kinship relations. Furthermore, the article illustrates how conventional practices regarding gender and families on one hand are chal-lenged by the creation of new types of families, while simultaneously being maintained in discus-sions about choice of donor. Here, a longing for traditional family values seems to run underneath the discussion between members of these new families.
Speaking through the flesh: Affective encounters, gazes and desire in Harlequin romances
Authors: Hirdman Anja
Published: May 2017

In the wake of the affective turn, emotion and embodiment have emerged as key terms in cultural studies in order to acknowledge the affective dimension of media texts (Gibbs, 2002; Gregg & Seigworth, 2010). Drawing from the cross-disciplinary field of affect theory, the article examines the writing of desire in Harlequin romances through the delineation of gendered encounters. Against the backdrop of earlier feminist critiques of romance fiction, it argues that Harlequin’s intense focus on corporeal sensations and gazes encompasses a looking relationship that differs significantly from the visual mediation of gender and desire. With its use of an extended literary transvestism, a double narrator perspective, and the appropriation of a female gaze, Harlequin offers readers an affective imaginary space in which the significance of the gendered body is re-made, re-versed, and the male body is stripped of its unique position.
Revisitation: a trans phenomenology of the media image
Authors: Keegan Cael M
Published: May 2017

How might certain moving images move us into transgender becoming?

The recent proliferation of transgender images in the media of the Global North has been widely regarded as supporting transgender political and social equality. But do these images do justice to the complexity of transgender lives? Who are images of transgender identity made for, and whose interests do they serve? Instead of discussing media that produce a transgender object for public consumption, this essay’s author is interested in theorizing a trans point of media reception for the popular image. This essay illustrates how transgender subjects might fashion their own archives of becoming through encounters with media that unintentionally support transgender embodiment as a possibility in the world. Revisiting his phenomenological encounters with the film Under the Skin and the “Milk: It Does a Body Good” ad campaign, the author analyzes how certain media objects have the unexpected power to “move” the transgender subject into becoming.
Critical reflections on the theory versus practice debate in communication for development
Authors: Manyozo Linje
Published: May 2017

Even though the cliché ‘theory is practice’ registers in most communication for development debates, available evidence seems to suggest there is a growing chasm between the theory and practice of communication for development. This discussion argues that, with the increasing demand by governments and organisations for communication for development specialists, universities and training providers should rethink their graduate curricula. As course content, teaching methodologies and theoretical paradigms are revisited, trainers need to grill students on how the contestation of power is central to the application of communication in development. This paper advances two arguments. The first is that communication for development training has to begin listening to the innovative thinking that is shaping practice on the ground if the curriculum is to stay relevant. The second is that such programmes have forge strong linkages with development studies departments to ensure that students are well-grounded in development theory and practice.
The Romantic Canon and the Making of a Cultural Saint in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Simonsen Kim
Published: May 2017

This article explores the role of literature and romantic nationalism in the creation of nations as this applies to the Faroese nation, in particular the case of the poet Nólsoyar Páll. It is the ambition to discuss how literature can be a medium of collective identity-making, as it involves the canonisation of what is termed cultural saints (i.e. the heroic, mythological, and legendary figures who are seen as founders of communities). The article will give an introduction to the research that considers the dynamics of selected vernacular writers, artists or scholars for inclusion into the canon of cultural sainthood. The following will link a hitherto underexplored part of European romanticism to the developing theory of how durable forms of memory, such as public monuments, banknotes, hagiographies, are constructed.
At home in that 'gay bathing place'; or, representing Brighton in the early nineteenth century
Authors: Scarth Kate
Published: May 2017

Historians have established late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Brighton’s role in the urban renaissance by tracking its emergence as a centre of fashion, polite sociability, and consumerism. Other versions of the town, such as domestic experiences and home life, have, however, been neglected. Yet in the early nineteenth century, contemporaries increasingly present a version of Brighton that is domestic and retired instead of public; polite instead of fashionable; rational instead of dissipated; intimate rather than crowded; more country and nature-orientated than urban focused. This article explores how Elizabeth Sandham’s didactic novel, Sketches of Young People; or, a Journey to Brighton (1822), negotiates this transition. It moreover argues for the empowering possibilities that this new Brighton offers middle-class women in terms of satisfying intellectual curiosity and facilitating physical mobility. While Brighton’s history has been explored, this article calls for future work into the cultural, including literary, representations of romantic-period Brighton.
Friendships and portraits in the age of romanticism: Reflections on eight portraits by C. A. Jensen
Authors: Krogh Sine
Published: May 2017

Friendships play an important part in our lives, but few of us think about how the cultural convention of friendship makes us act. Studies of the nineteenth century show that during the period of German romanticism it became fashionable amongst poets, writers, and artists to celebrate and visualize friendships. In the 1810s, Rome seemed the perfect incubator for young artists forming friendships and cultivating artistic communities. The most remarkable output of the painter C. A. Jensen’s Italian sojourn, starting in 1818, was eight small portraits of his circle of friends. These portraits reflect the importance of fellowship, of networking amongst friends and also what Rome meant to young artists in terms of finding one’s artistic identity. The aim of this article is to illuminate how a romantic culture of friendship influenced C. A. Jensen’s decision to paint his circle of friends at Rome. Taking Jensen’s portraits as its point of departure, the article touches upon some artistic and sociological aspects of friendships in the age of romanticism.
Sur le chemin du paradis : les joies d’aimer, de croire et de s’accomplir de Marie-Louise Globensky (1849-1919)1
Authors: Doucet Sophie
Published: May 2017

Le journal personnel de Marie-Louise Globensky (1849-1919), qui couvre trois décennies de sa vie adulte, reflète un paysage émotionnel contrasté, oscillant entre souffrances et joies. Cet article s’intéresse aux joies de la diariste, qui se manifestent dans des circonstances précises, en particulier lorsqu’elle accomplit la mission dont elle se sent investie comme femme, comme catholique et comme bourgeoise, et qu’elle se sent cheminer vers le paradis. En étudiant les joies d’une diariste, cet article veut jeter un éclairage nouveau sur sa vision du monde et ses motivations, mais aussi sur les rapports de force à l’oeuvre dans la société montréalaise dont elle fait partie.
Analyse de statistiques historiques sur le lectorat du quotidien québécois Le Devoir de 1910 à 2000
Authors: Carignan Marie-Eve , Martin Claude
Published: May 2017

Le quotidien montréalais Le Devoir, fondé en 1910 comme un journal indépendant, nationaliste et catholique, a joué un rôle important dans l’évolution de la société québécoise. Selon plusieurs, il fut surtout lu par l’élite sociale et économique du Canada français, puis du Québec. Nous analysons ici l’importance chiffrée du lectorat du Devoir et certaines de ses caractéristiques en nous basant sur les données de tirage de ce quotidien et d’autres journaux. Nous regardons aussi la distribution géographique du journal ainsi que les résultats de certaines enquêtes auprès de ses lecteurs et de l’élite canadienne-française. L’analyse révèle que Le Devoir représente une part relativement stable du tirage des grands journaux en français à Montréal, mais que son lectorat hors du Québec a fortement diminué avec le temps. Son lectorat comporte bien une composante de l’élite québécoise, mais aussi d’autres classes de la société.
Désir mimétique et engrenage guerrier des Janus du Golfe
Authors: Chabbi Mourad
Published: May 2017

L’auteur de cette contribution étudie les principaux ressorts sous-tendant les relations entre la République islamique d’Iran et la monarchie saoudienne de 1979 à nos jours. En observant, analysant et commentant les événements ayant ponctué ces rapports, il se focalise sur la complexité des relations entre ces deux acteurs régionaux confrontés à l’inamovible présence américaine. En interrogeant les événements historiques, religieux, ethniques, politiques, théoriques, idéologiques, militaires, diplomatiques et empiriques, il démontre qu’en passant par des phases successives d’amitié et d’inimitié, Téhéran et Riyad, ces deux prétendants à l’hégémonie du Golfe, se sont le plus souvent regardés en chiens de faïence.
Les enjeux de cybersécurité en Arabie saoudite
Authors: Le Barreau Lucie , Longeon Édouard
Published: May 2017

Les enjeux de sécurité au Moyen-Orient sont protéiformes. Partant de la définition de Buzan et Waever, nous entendons démontrer que, face aux menaces portées par le milieu « cyber » contre la sécurité nationale, les États du Moyen-Orient trouvent des réponses conformes à leur identité stratégique traditionnelle. Le cas de l’Arabie saoudite est particulièrement intéressant dans la compréhension des logiques du sous-système régional du golfe Arabo-Persique quant à l’intégration de la variable « cyber » dans la démarche de sécurisation, du fait de sa posture stratégique dominante. Dès lors, deux questions se posent à l’égard de cette analyse : la première relève du volet strictement théorique et interroge la lecture culturaliste des stratégies mises en place devant la montée des enjeux de cybersécurité au Moyen-Orient. La seconde s’intéresse aux dynamiques du complexe régional et aux tensions systémiques procédant de la confrontation entre l’interdépendance des acteurs étatiques et leur recherche de sécurité nationale.
L’offshore balancing américain dans le golfe Persique
Authors: Samaan Jean-Loup
Published: May 2017

Apparu au cours des années 1990 dans le débat universitaire américain, le concept d’offshore balancing a fait l’objet d’un regain d’intérêt durant la présidence Obama. Ce concept propose de maintenir la primauté internationale des États-Unis tout en gardant ces derniers à distance des conflits et des jeux de pouvoir locaux. Partant de ce postulat, nous vérifions la pertinence de cette théorie en étudiant son application au cas du golfe Persique, région dont le système de sécurité dépend grandement de l’activisme américain. Cette mise à l’épreuve empirique dévoile les nombreuses limites de l’approche quant aux aspects pratiques d’un désengagement des États-Unis de la région. En ce sens, si l’offshore balancing reste une approche séduisante à Washington, il demeure un concept superficiel sans réelle considération pour les dynamiques régionales.
Les ressources stratégiques de la rupture en diplomatie
Authors: Tannous Manon-Nour
Published: May 2017

Dans cet article, nous analysons la rupture (et ses variations) en tant que ressource stratégique, dans le complexe de sécurité proche-oriental. Nous prenons pour appui trois moments de la relation franco-syrienne, qui sont autant de ruptures. Présentée comme irréversible, la rupture de 2004-2005 permet d’évaluer la centralité libanaise dans les relations franco-syriennes telles que les a conçues Jacques Chirac. Celle de 2007-2008 semble au contraire monnayable. Elle s’articule autour du rôle que la France souhaite pour elle-même dans les questions régionales, notamment sur le dossier de paix syro-israélien. Enfin, la rupture de 2011 apparaît comme une projection, un pari sur une solution de rechange au régime syrien. Ces césures s’inscrivent dans des variables régionales complexes, qui les ont provoquées ou qui sont influencées par elles.
Repenser le concept de sécurité nationale dans le monde arabe
Authors: Bourgou Taoufik
Published: May 2017

Communauté des croyants (Oumma), nation arabe, États, communautés tribales, minorités, autant de niveaux de référence horizontaux qui traversent le monde arabe et concurrencent la verticalité des États. Si la notion de sécurité nationale s’est développée dans l’espace occidental selon un processus spécifique, largement lié au processus d’enracinement des États et d’écrêtement des autres références, dans le monde arabe et dans le monde musulman, les dynamiques en cours (transitions, guerres civiles, crises des États postcoloniaux) illustrent des contradictions entre les dynamiques de construction des États et les dynamiques communautaires ou tribales. Ces contradictions trouvent illustration dans les relations interarabes actuelles qui ravivent un vieux modèle de rapports entre États arabes, mais aussi entre États arabes et les grandes puissances du moment.
La guerre du peuple : de la popularisation de la guerre contre Boko Haram au Cameroun
Authors: Elvic Batchom Paul
Published: May 2017

Cet article met en lumière les retombées protéiformes d’une popularisation de la guerre qui semble transcender l’opposition consacrée entre les postures populaires de victime et la guerre du peuple en tant que guerre révolutionnaire. Il enrichit la sociologie de la guerre en rendant compte d’un « soutien spontané encadré » de la population à la guerre contre Boko Haram au Cameroun, en restituant les multiples potentiels de la guerre au gré des catégories d’acteurs. La guerre est ainsi un facteur d’intégration pour une nation, mais elle est également porteuse d’enjeux multiples pour les acteurs sociaux. Tel semble être le fondement d’une popularisation de la guerre contre Boko Haram au Cameroun depuis mai 2014.
Association Between Pain and Mindfulness in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Senders Angela , Borgatti Alena , Hanes Douglas , Shinto Lynne
Published: May 2017

Background:

Chronic pain is a common symptom in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and often requires a multimodal approach to care. The practice of mindfulness has been shown to decrease the experience of pain in other conditions, yet little is known about the relationship between mindfulness and pain in people with MS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between pain interference and trait mindfulness in people with MS.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional survey, 132 people with any type of MS completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pain Interference scale and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Linear regression was used to test the association between pain and mindfulness while adjusting for demographic and MS-related characteristics.

Results:

The relationship between pain and mindfulness was clinically meaningful and highly significant (t = −5.52, P < .0001). For every 18-point increase in mindfulness scores, pain interference scores are expected to decrease by 3.96 (95% CI, −2.52 to −5.40) points (β = −0.22, P < .0001). The adjusted model, including age, type of MS, the interaction between mindfulness and age, and the interaction between mindfulness and MS type, explains 26% of the variability in pain interference scores (R2 = 0.26).

Conclusions:

These results suggest a clinically significant association between mindfulness and pain interference in MS and support further exploration of mindfulness-based interventions in the management of MS-related pain.
A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cognitive Fatigue on a Task of Sustained Attention in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Berard Jason A. , Smith Andra M. , Walker Lisa A.S.
Published: May 2017

Background:

Cognitive fatigue can be objectively measured on tasks of sustained attention and can be defined as decreased performance as a result of sustained cognitive effort. Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) early in their disease are vulnerable to cognitive fatigue, although this has yet to be evaluated longitudinally. We aimed to evaluate cognitive fatigue over a 3-year interval in individuals with early-phase relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). The sensitivity of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) at detecting cognitive fatigue was evaluated, as was the impact of scoring method.

Methods:

32 people with MS and 32 controls completed the 3- and 2-second PASAT (PASAT-3″ and -2″) as a measure of sustained attention at baseline and 3-year follow-up.

Results:

Performance on the PASAT remained stable across time, with improvement noted on the PASAT-2″ likely due to practice and the small sample size. Cognitive fatigue was noted at both times, although sensitivity varied based on scoring method. No evidence of worsening cognitive fatigue was noted over time. The MS group performed worse only when cognitive fatigue was the outcome variable.

Conclusions:

Although individuals with MS continue to be vulnerable to cognitive fatigue at follow-up, severity does not seem to increase with time. Cognitive fatigue may be a more sensitive marker of cognitive impairment than overall task performance in those with early-phase RRMS, which has important implications given that clinically only task performance is typically assessed.
An Osteopathic Approach to Chronic Pain Management
Authors: Jerome John A.
Published: May 2017

Chronic pain reduces quality of life and productivity, costing billions in health care dollars and lost revenue. Physicians routinely prescribe opioids, which has led to opioid addiction and overdose. The US surgeon general recommends nonpharmacologic treatment for patients with chronic pain. A paradigm shift is necessary for patients to partner with physicians to take control of their own health. This article outlines the cognitive behavioral approaches, nonopioid therapies, and nonpharmacologic therapies that osteopathic physicians can integrate in their treatment of patients with chronic pain.
Preparing Physicians for Rural-Based Primary Care Practice: A Preliminary Evaluation of Rural Training Initiatives at OSU-COM
Authors: Wheeler Denna L. , Hackler Jeffrey B.
Published: May 2017

The physician shortage in Oklahoma coupled with geographic maldistribution of primary care physicians limits access to care in rural and underserved areas. One of the most effective strategies to recruit and retain physicians in rural areas is to create undergraduate and graduate medical education training sites in these locations. Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine has implemented a rural training program that begins with early recruitment of rural high school students, introduces medical students to rural practice options through rural clinical training opportunities, and provides opportunities to remain in rural Oklahoma for residency training through ongoing graduate medical education development. The purpose of this article is to provide a case study of the development of the college's Rural Medical Track. Preliminary findings indicate that rural-based clinical training for third- and fourth-year students strengthens performance on standardized tests.
Perceptions of Challenges in Writing Academically: Iranian Postgraduate Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Shakib Kotamjani Sedigheh , Hussin Habsah
Published: May 2017

Academic writing skills are essential tools that postgraduate students reading for their doctoral degree have to master to be able to produce dissertations, research reports and academic assignments of quality in the course of their studies; and publish research-based articles in established journals. This paper discusses the perceptions of a group of Iranian postgraduate students pursuing their doctoral degrees at UPM (Universiti Putra Malaysia) on the challenges they face in writing academically. They provided the data for this paper via their responses to a survey.  The findings indicate that these postgraduate students perceived some academic writing skills to be more challenging than the others.  The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the findings; and recommendations on how the situation can be improved.
Argument Structure in Arabic and English: Re-assessing Purity and Redeeming Hybridity
Authors: Said Al-Maamari Faisal
Published: May 2017

This study presents a contrastive rhetorical analysis of 20 argumentative Arabic and English editorials in argument structure. Samples were selected from two daily newspapers with equally wide distribution, and articles were written by their respective native writers. Both graphical and textual analyses captured the argument structure in terms of macro and micro arguments. A core finding is that the argument structure in the sampled editorials did not conform to the current predominant model of argument structure, which tended to polarize argument structure in terms of through or counter argumentation. The study contributes to the existing literature by defying the polarized traditional purity typology of argument structure frequently cited in the literature, and emphasizes a more dynamic hybrid model to understanding and analyzing arguments in general and in Arabic and English specifically. Additionally, the study of the professional genre of editorails has implications for academic writing and second language writing pedagogy by sensitizing foreign language learners to existing models of argument structure and possible ways to structure their arguments in the target language.
Investigation of Semiotics in Public Service Anouncement of Radio Health Channel
Authors: Jolani Tahere , Pahlavannezhad Mohammadreza , Khojaste Hasan
Published: May 2017

Semiotics is one of the branches seem that comprehending of It is very helpful in the process of programming the new structures in the mass media programming ; and one of these new formats called public service announcement (PSA) is not an exception among them. The author of this study examines the semiotics of factors and constructive elements of PSA in the radio channel of health. A channel that appears in today's fast world has very important tips in health realm.
Lacanian Reading of Marsha Norman's Night, Mother
Authors: Taherifard Khadijeh , Eslamieh Razieh
Published: May 2017

This paper offers a Lacanian/feminist reading of Night, Mother by the American playwright Marsha Norman. The play Night, Mother will be read according to Lacan’s point of view and the concepts of identity and identity formation are studied in this paper. The play will be analyzed based on the Lacanian concepts of the contrast between the Imaginary Order and the Symbolic Order, and the notion of Death Drive, suggesting that in the play Jessie represents the Symbolic Order and her mother, Thelma, represents the Imaginary Order. The notion of Death Drive and its omnipresence in Jessie’s psyche is discussed and emphasized. Thelma functions as the Other for Jessie, while her father functions as the Mother, a reversal of gender roles in the Lacanian reading. Moreover, the relationship between some of the concepts are explained. It will be explicated how the play can be brought in line with a feminist reading of Lacan by reversing the stereotypical gender roles and subsequently getting close to post-feminist authors.
Character Analysis Through Politeness in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor
Authors: Thi Bich Thuan Le
Published: May 2017

This paper analyses the grandmother, the main character, in A Good Man Is Hard to Find, one of Flannery O’Connor’s most famous short stories, in the light of pragmatic conversation, mainly including the theory of politeness. On the basis of the results, it has been concluded that the framework from pragmatics can provide effective tools for enhancing the understanding and interpretation of the character development in the study of literary works. This study is hopefully supposed to be beneficial for the specialists and analysts in the field of pragmatics and literature.
Exploring Gender-based Language Identity Among Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Khodabakhshzadeh Hossein , Hosseinnia Mansooreh , Ahmadi Fatemeh
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study is examining the language identity among male and female language learners in Iran. 1268 English language learners from different parts of the country from different ages and Iranian ethnicity and English language proficiency levels participated in this research. Validated and reliable scales of measuring language identity was used. The results of this study revealed that male and female English language learners are significantly different in their language identity and Iranian English language learners are in a moderate level of language identity. Moreover, the majority of the participants in each gender (male: 35.52%, and female: 50.88%) chosen American English as their favorite pronunciation kind, females (41.04) prefer Persian English more than males (20.94), and the lowest percent among male learners is related to Australian English (7.05) and among female learners is related to Canadian (1.54).
A Study on The First-Language Influence on The Arabic Pronunciation among Terengganuians in Malaysia
Authors: Zulfadhli Nokman Ahmad , Che Mat Azman , Fakrulazizi Abu Bakar Ahmad , Shaifura Musilehat Nor , Marzuki Yaakub Ahmad Nazuki
Published: May 2017

This study focuses on exploring the influences of the first-language influence on the Arabic pronunciation among Terengganuian learners. The study has involved five students, who were born in Terengganu, who communicate using the Terengganuian dialect. The students were asked to read some Arabic sentences while the researcher recorded their voices. Then, their pronunciations were transcribed and analysed. The findings showed that the influences of the Terengganuian dialect on the Arabic pronunciation actually exist. The respondents showed their habits unintentionally in pronouncing the sound /ŋ/ while uttering such Arabic words which have been spelt with the letter ‘n’. This phenomenon is very familiar among Terengganuian people in terms of their local dialect.
The Influence of the Doctor’s Mind Style in Spring and All on William Carlos Williams’s Poetry Creation
Authors: Fu Mae
Published: May 2017

This article intends to investigate the doctor’s mind style on William Carlos Williams in his collection of poems Spring and All. Research shows that Williams’s doctor’s life makes him shape a different view of the world. He always observes something difficult or challenging at first and notices something easy and comfortable at last. This paper concludes that Williams’s doctor’s mind style exerts influence on his creation of poetry both in content and in form.
Gender differences and bias in open source: pull request acceptance of women versus men
Authors: Terrell Josh , Kofink Andrew , Middleton Justin , Rainear Clarissa , Murphy-Hill Emerson , Parnin Chris , Stallings Jon
Published: May 2017

Biases against women in the workplace have been documented in a variety of studies. This paper presents a large scale study on gender bias, where we compare acceptance rates of contributions from men versus women in an open source software community. Surprisingly, our results show that women’s contributions tend to be accepted more often than men’s. However, for contributors who are outsiders to a project and their gender is identifiable, men’s acceptance rates are higher. Our results suggest that although women on GitHub may be more competent overall, bias against them exists nonetheless.
Boticas e o “Vinho dos Mortos”: reforçar a identidade cultural do território na experiência de enoturismo
Authors: Salvado Josefina Olívia
Published: May 2017

Propósito justificado do tema: O território de Boticas (Norte Portugal), embora de baixa densidade populacional é visto como um espaço de valorização do património cultural, ao integrar de forma harmoniosa o seu ecossistema de enoturismo através de várias dinâmicas potenciadoras dos recursos endógenos, resultando num reforço da identidade e singularidade culturais. Objetivo: O objectivo deste trabalho é mostrar o “vinho dos mortos” como uma tradição vitivinícola peculiar e um símbolo da astúcia e sobrevivência do povo de Boticas, tendo surgido no período da 2ª Invasão Francesa (1808). O seu nome resultou do facto do vinho ter sido enterrado no chão das adegas, no saibro, debaixo das pipas e dos lagares para salvaguardar o património do saque dos soldados franceses. Design/Metodologia e abordagem: No estudo foram utilizadas duas metodologias qualitativas: MatrizPCI (Matriz Património Cultural Imaterial) para inventariação dos recursos endógenos, seguindo as orientações da UNESCO quanto à “Salvaguarda de Património Cultural” e o modelo dos 6 A’s de Buhalis para o reconhecimento dos atributos do destino turístico e sustentar a propostas de criação de valor na experiência de Enoturismo. Resultados: Os resultados mostram Boticas como um espaço geográfico multifuncional onde as suas características/atributos endógenos asseguram um posicionamento privilegiado e competitivo no quadro do turismo de vinho. Originalidade do documento: Este trabalho é original quanto ao tema e enquadramento.
Souvenirs gastronômicos na percepção do turista: o caso do queijo minas artesanal do serro
Authors: Medeiros Mirna de Lima , Horodyski Graziela Scalise , Passador João Luiz
Published: May 2017

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o queijo minas artesanal como souvenir gastronômico, sob a percepção do turista. A justificativa do tema refere-se ao fato de que os souvenirs carregam diversos significados para o turista e também servem à divulgação do destino. Os souvenirs gastronômicos permitem uma memória gustativa e um compartilhamento da vivência diferenciado. A escolha do queijo minas artesanal do Serro como souvenir gastronômico deu-se pelo fato desse produto ser componente da cultura do estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil) e detém registro de patrimônio imaterial e de indicação geográfica. A abordagem da pesquisa foi quanti-qualitativa e optou-se pela metodologia de questionário aplicado online a pessoas que viajaram à região produtora. Obteve-se 129 respostas, das quais 103  consideradas válidas. Também foi realizada observação direta em locais de comercialização durante pesquisa de campo. Sua originalidade decorre dos escassos trabalhos sobre souvenirs gastronômicos e mais especificamente sobre produtos com registro de indicação geográfica como souvenirs dessa categoria. Os resultados apontam fragilidades na comercialização do produto como souvenir gastronômico. Entretanto, os respondentes demonstraram atitude favorável a questões relacionadas a identidade diferenciadora, identificação da origem, embalagem adequada e transporte facilitado. Os achados são congruentes com a proposta de Horodyski et al. (2014).
Efficacy of long-acting, injectable versus oral naltrexone for preventing admissions for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Beatty Allison , Stock Christopher
Published: May 2017

Introduction:

Approximately 17 million Americans and 300 000 veterans have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Both oral naltrexone (NTX) and long-acting, injectable naltrexone (LAI NTX) are FDA-approved to treat AUD. LAI NTX is often reserved for patients with adherence concerns due to considerable differences in drug cost and administration requirements. To date, there are no randomized trials comparing efficacy of LAI NTX to oral NTX. This retrospective cohort study compared clinical outcomes in veterans treated with LAI NTX or oral NTX.

Methods:

Health care utilization in veterans at 1 Veterans Affairs facility treated for AUD with oral NTX and LAI NTX was compared. The primary outcome was 90-day alcohol-related hospital admissions per patient (ARA90). Secondary outcomes included 90-day outpatient clinic and emergency department visits and 30-day alcohol-related admissions (ARA30). Inclusion criteria included first-time prescription of NTX for AUD from January 1, 2015, through December 1, 2015. Veterans receiving concurrent acamprosate or disulfiram were excluded.

Results:

Seventy-nine patients were included with 65 in the oral NTX group and 14 in the LAI NTX group. The ARA90 was 0.17 for the oral NTX group and 0.64 for the LAI NTX group (P = .06). The oral NTX group had significantly fewer ARA30 than the LAI NTX group (P < .01). Oral NTX also had significantly lower health care utilization for all other parameters.

Discussion:

Oral NTX was associated with lower health care utilization compared to LAI NTX in this veteran population. This indicates that LAI NTX may not provide additional benefit justifying the cost. This study had several limitations. Randomized trials comparing efficacy between oral NTX and LAI NTX are needed.
Locating dayside magnetopause reconnection with exhaust ion distributions
Authors: Broll J. M. , Fuselier S. A. , Trattner K. J.
Published: April 2017

Magnetic reconnection at Earth's dayside magnetopause is essential to magnetospheric dynamics. Determining where reconnection takes place is important to understanding the processes involved, and many questions about reconnection location remain unanswered. We present a method for locating the magnetic reconnection X line at Earth's dayside magnetopause under southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions using only ion velocity distribution measurements. Particle‐in‐cell simulations based on Cluster magnetopause crossings produce ion velocity distributions that we propagate through a model magnetosphere, allowing us to calculate the field‐aligned distance between an exhaust observation and its associated reconnection line. We demonstrate this procedure for two events and compare our results with those of the Maximum Magnetic Shear Model; we find good agreement with its results and show that when our method is applicable, it produces more precise locations than the Maximum Shear Model.
High‐latitude GPS phase scintillation from E region electron density gradients during the 20–21 December 2015 geomagnetic storm
Authors: Loucks Diana , Palo Scott , Pilinski Marcin , Crowley Geoff , Azeem Irfan , Hampton Don
Published: April 2017

A novel operating mode for Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) has been developed to support the study of GPS L1 scintillations arising from electron density gradients over Alaska. Previous authors have combined GPS scintillation data with either PFISR or multispectral imagery in this region. This analysis combines all three techniques to determine both gradient parameters as well as the most likely ionospheric source, including a conjunction analysis between GPS signals and known PFISR beams. This approach was used to study scintillation events observed in December 2015. These events were recorded during the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm that ensued on 20 December when the Earth passed through the path of a solar CME (DST minimum near −170 nT, Kp peak of 7). Two scintillation events were detected through analysis of the phase scintillation index (σϕ), calculated from an Atmospheric and Space Technology Research Associates' Connected Autonomous Space Environment Sensor GPS receiver at Poker Flat. Values of σϕ≃0.5 and σϕ≃1.6 cycles were recorded for these events. Concurrently, an experiment on PFISR was run to discern the electron density along the GPS signal line of site, and the imager observed the 428.7 nm, 557.7 nm, and 630.0 nm emission lines during the experiment window. From the ratios of derived emission intensities, estimates of precipitating particle energies were made allowing confirmation of the altitudes associated with the electron density peaks determined using raw radar returns from PFISR. Results indicate that temporal and spatial electron density gradients existed along the signal's path during periods of highest scintillation, which resulted from impact ionization from auroral particle precipitation at E region altitudes.
Assimilation of AERONET and MODIS AOT observations using variational and ensemble data assimilation methods and its impact on aerosol forecasting skill
Authors: Rubin Juli I. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Hansen James A. , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Holben Brent N. , Xian Peng , Westphal Douglas L. , Zhang Jianglong
Published: April 2017

Data assimilation of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) for aerosol forecasting was tested within the Navy Aerosol Analysis Prediction System (NAAPS) framework, using variational and ensemble data assimilation methods. Navy aerosol forecasting currently makes use of a deterministic NAAPS simulation coupled to Navy Variational Data Assimilation System for aerosol optical depth, a two‐dimensional variational data assimilation system, for MODIS AOT assimilation. An ensemble version of NAAPS (ENAAPS) coupled to an ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF) from the Data Assimilation Research Testbed was recently developed, allowing for a range of data assimilation and forecasting experiments to be run with deterministic NAAPS and ENAAPS. The main findings are that the EAKF, with its flow‐dependent error covariances, makes better use of sparse observations such as AERONET AOT. Assimilating individual AERONET observations in the two‐dimensional variational system can increase the analysis errors when observations are located in high AOT gradient regions. By including AERONET with MODIS AOT assimilation, the magnitudes of peak aerosol events (AOT > 1) were better captured with improved temporal variability, especially in India and Asia where aerosol prediction is a challenge. Assimilating AERONET AOT with MODIS had little impact on the 24 h forecast skill compared to MODIS assimilation only, but differences were found downwind of AERONET sites. The 24 h forecast skill was approximately the same for forecasts initialized with analyses from AERONET AOT assimilation alone compared to MODIS assimilation, particularly in regions where the AERONET network is dense; including the United States and Europe, indicating that AERONET could serve as a backup observation network for over‐land synoptic‐scale aerosol events.