bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Albino, la scrittura, la nevrosi. Ipotesi in margine all’eziologia nevrotica in Memoriale di Paolo Volponi
Authors: Masi Maurizio
Published: January 2021

Il seguente articolo intende valutare più approfonditamente alcune ipotesi sull’eziologia della nevrosi in Memoriale di Paolo Volponi, partendo proprio dall’originaria definizione di questa fornitaci da Freud. Spesso l’interpretazione del testo è rimasta troppo confinata ad un’esclusiva lettura in chiave di “romanzo familiare”, usando una dicitura strettamente analitica del contesto di riferimento, presentato quale unico fattore da cui scaturirebbe il disturbo nevrotico, ben più complesso e subdolo del previsto o di quanto, superficialmente, emerge dal vissuto di Albino, protagonista in primis ed io narrante della storia ed autore del memoriale. L’articolo, dopo una prima attenta e circostanziata descrizione della realtà interiore del nostro, delle sue attitudini ed aspettative, delle sue incertezze e, soprattutto, dei suoi “mali” fisici e morali che tornano quasi come un refrain nelle pagine e nelle note autobiografiche del romanzo, indaga il nesso molto stretto tra nevrosi, sindrome paranoide ed infezione tubercolotica, sulla base di quanto afferma in maniera profonda e precisa lo psichiatra francese Henri Baruk. La tesi si avvale, inoltre, di una confessione importante ad opera del protagonista che chiarisce bene le scaturigini della sua malattia fisica. Egli afferma, infatti, che la mancanza di una resistenza, di un pensiero “forte” fondato su progetti concreti e meno utopici ed astratti, aveva permesso alla tubercolosi d’insinuarsi inconsciamente e lentamente sotto la sua pelle.
(Ri)scoprire la Spagna attraverso la traduzione: Leonardo Sciascia e l’affaire Lorca
Authors: Pioli Marco
Published: January 2021

Secondo Carlo Bo, dopo secoli di antispagnolismo, solamente con lo scoppio della Guerra civil la cultura spagnola entrò di nuovo “nel giro delle nostre idee.” Il presente studio, pertanto, intende indagare il caso letterario che probabilmente meglio documenta il tentativo di riappropriazione letteraria e ideologica che gli intellettuali italiani hanno operato a vantaggio della cultura spagnola a partire dalla fine degli anni Trenta, ossia la straordinaria fortuna del Llanto por Ignacio Sánchez Mejías di Federico García Lorca. Nello specifico, si analizzerà la traduzione realizzata da Leonardo Sciascia e la conseguente diatriba letteraria sorta con i precedenti interpreti lorchiani, con l’obiettivo di evidenziare, all’interno del più ampio contesto ricettivo dell’elegia, le peculiarità ideologiche insite nell’operazione, non sempre fortunata, dell’autore siciliano.
Atuação da enfermagem no cuidado aos pacientes em sofrimento mental na Estratégia de Saúde da Famí­lia
Authors: Mussumeci Paula Amaral , Chaves Sandra Maria do Amaral , Rodrigues Nayanna de Almeida Nassif , Felipe Luiz Alberto de Freitas , Guimarães Clarissa Coelho Vieira , Aguiar Beatriz Gerbassi Costa
Published: January 2021

Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, tendo como objetivo identificar e analisar as práticas de saúde mental desenvolvidas pelas enfermeiras que atuam na Estratégia de Saúde da Famí­lia (ESF) do municí­pio de Rio das Ostras. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada com 7 enfermeiras que atuam na atenção primária í  saúde do municí­pio de Rio das Ostras. Os resultados mostraram práticas de trabalho com a equipe de matriciamento, educação permanente, acolhimento, visitas domiciliares, encaminhamentos, oficinas terapêuticas e terapia comunitária. A visão das enfermeiras entrevistadas sobre a prática profissional em saúde mental está relacionada í  promoção em saúde mental, estabelecimento do ví­nculo com o paciente, e a capacitação das enfermeiras para o atendimento em saúde mental. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Palavras-chave: Enfermagem, saúde mental, Estratégia de Saúde da Famí­lia.Â
Medidas não-farmacológicas para alí­vio da dor de recém-nascidos em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Authors: De Souza Costa Thatiane Monick , Nascimento Jessica Cristhyanne Peixoto , Rocha Rodrigo Rhuan Andrade , Oliveira Eloysa dos Santos , Da Silva Bruna Vilar Soares , De Melo Evelin Beatriz Bezerra , Dantas Rodrigo Assis Neves , Dantas Daniele Vieira
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Os recém-nascidos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva são expostos a diversos procedimentos dolorosos. Diante disso, os profissionais deste setor devem identificar e avaliar a dor neonatal. Objetivo: Analisar o contexto das medidas não-farmacológicas para alí­vio da dor de recém-nascidos, internados em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal, baseado no referencial teórico de Hinds, Chaves e Cypress. Métodos: Estudo teórico-reflexivo sobre a análise contextual de um fenômeno de enfermagem, partindo da revisão narrativa da literatura cientí­fica. Resultados: Observaram-se quatro ní­veis contextuais sobre medidas não-farmacológicas aliviadoras da dor neonatal em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal: aplicação de medidas não-farmacológicas (imediato); elementos influenciadores da aplicação de medidas não-farmacológicas (especí­fico); repercussões dos pais e neonatos diante de aplicação de medidas não-farmacológicas (geral) e legislação sobre o manejo da dor (metacontexto). Conclusão: Possibilitou-se maior entendimento sobre aspectos contextuais das medidas não-farmacológicas aliviadoras da dor neonatal e melhor compreensão das perspectivas profissionais sobre dificuldades aplicacionais dessas intervenções, evidenciando-se a necessidade de implementar protocolos para avaliação e tratamento da dor, baseados no cuidado integral.Palavras-chave: dor, manejo da dor, recém-nascido, unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal.
Uma análise retrospectiva dos erros de medicação ocorridos em unidades de transplante de medula óssea
Authors: Brasil Simone Carreiro , Lermontov Simone Pereira , Dos Santos Filho Renato Azevedo , Rangel Ana Cristina da Silva
Published: January 2021

A terapia medicamentosa no transplante de medula óssea (TMO) é complexa, os pacientes são expostos a protocolos de tratamentos prolongados, com inúmeros medicamentos, o que aumenta o risco do erro de medicação (EM). Objetivos: Identificar os erros de medicação, os profissionais envolvidos, os medicamentos envolvidos, as causas da ocorrência, as consequências para o paciente e as ações de melhoria implementadas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa, o perí­odo de coleta dos dados foi de janeiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2018. Resultados: Foram identificados 42 erros de medicação. Os agentes antineoplásicos, imunossupressores e antibióticos foram os mais frequentes no EM. O fator humano foi a causa da ocorrência do EM mais frequente (69%). Nas consequências para os pacientes, foram identificados eventos adversos: leves 82%; moderados 14%; graves 2% e fatais 2%. As ações de melhoria implementadas para prevenção foram: treinamento da equipe; elaboração de protocolos padrões; orientação de pacientes e acompanhantes; revisão do sistema eletrônico de prescrição; dupla checagem da prescrição; aprazamento por enfermeiras com tempo de experiência; entre outras. Conclusão: Os EM põem em risco a segurança do paciente, as causas dos EM foram multifatoriais e as consequências em alguns casos foram graves ou fatais.Palavras-chave: transplante de medula óssea, erros de medicação, segurança do paciente.
Empreendedorismo inovador do enfermeiro brasileiro: será preciso reinventar-se a partir de 2021!?
Authors: Soler Zaida Aurora Sperli Geraldes , Jericó Marli de Carvalho , Valença Fabricio Renato Teixeira
Published: January 2021

Por definição, empreendedorismo significa assumir riscos no planejamento, implementação, coordenação e gestão de projetos, serviços e negócios. Os empreendedores estão entre os profissionais e ocupacionais que por interesse, necessidade e oportunidade buscam atuar de forma liberal ou autônoma, com determinadas caracterí­sticas de personalidade, como: capacidade de gestão; autocontrole; autoavaliação, de forma a estabelecer objetivos, planos e metas para otimizar ações no trabalho e superar obstáculos [1]...
Successful gene therapy of Diamond-Blackfan anemia in a mouse model and human CD34+ cord blood hematopoietic stem cells using a clinically applicable lentiviral vector
Authors: Liu Yang , Dahl Maria , Debnath Shubhranshu , Rothe Michael , Smith Emma M. , Grahn Tan Hooi Min , Warsi Sarah , Chen Jun , Flygare Johan , Schambach Axel , Karlsson Stefan
Published: January 2021

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure disorder in which pure red blood cell aplasia is associated with physical malformations and a predisposition to cancer. Twentyfive percent of patients with DBA have mutations in a gene encoding ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19). Our previous proof-of-concept studies demonstrated that DBA phenotype could be successfully treated using lentiviral vectors in Rps19-deficient DBA mice. In our present study, we developed a clinically applicable single gene, self-inactivating lentiviral vector, containing the human RPS19 cDNA driven by the human elongation factor 1a short promoter, which can be used for clinical gene therapy development for RPS19-deficient DBA. We examined the efficacy and safety of the vector in a Rps19-deficient DBA mouse model and in human primary RPS19-deficient CD34+ cord blood cells. We observed that transduced Rps19-deficient bone marrow cells could reconstitute mice long-term and rescue the bone marrow failure and severe anemia observed in Rps19-deficient mice, with a low risk of mutagenesis and a highly polyclonal insertion site pattern. More importantly, the vector can also rescue impaired erythroid differentiation in human primary RPS19-deficient CD34+ cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate the efficacy and safety of using a clinically applicable lentiviral vector for the successful treatment of Rps19-deficient DBA in a mouse model and in human primary CD34+ cord blood cells. These findings show that this vector can be used to develop clinical gene therapy for RPS19-deficient DBA patients.
An Analysis of Student Responses in Online Learning-Based Comic Video Module Creative Realistic Mathematics on Integer Operation Material
Authors: Sipayung Tetty Natalia , Imelda Imelda , Siswono Tatag Yuli Eko , Masriyah Masriyah
Published: January 2021

Everyone’s perspective is different. Likewise, the student’s perspective on mathematics. It is undeniable that most childran claim that mathematics is difficult. Behind the statement, of course, there is a reason for the child. This is related to student responses when studying in mathematics class. One alternative to knowing student responses can be found by conducting research. Therefore, qualitative research is needed to analyze student responses. The application of learning using creatibe module comics based on a realistic mathematics approach has been implemented for all students of class VII-B at SMP Santo Yoseph Medan in the 2020/2021 Academic Year. In this study students’ responses to the application of learning were analyzed specifically for integer operation material. The learning is carried out online based on the creative realistic mathematics video comic module in the Google Classroom. The instrument used was a student response questionare which was presented via google form. Based on the results of data collection that has been done, it is concluded that the student’s responses are positive to learning using the creative module comic based on realistice mathematics approach. It is based on obtaining a high score on the average percentage of interest and benefits that students derive from implementation.
Nälkävuosien tunnehallinto, Z. Topeliuksen ”Septembernatten” (1867) ja K. A. Tavaststjernan Hårda tider (1891)
Authors: Rossi Riikka
Published: January 2021

Kaunokirjallisuudella oli keskeinen rooli 1860-luvun nälkäkatastrofin syiden, seurausten ja kokemusten sanallistamisessa, ja kirjallisuus vaikutti suomalaisen historiankirjoituksen tulkintoihin nälkävuosista. Artikkelissa lähestytään 1860-luvun nälkävuosia kuvaavaa kirjallisuutta tunteiden tutkimuksen näkökulmasta. Tarkastelen Axet-antologiassa (1867) ilmestyneen Zacharias Topeliuksen runon ”Septembernatten” ja K. A. Tavaststjernan romaanin Hårda tider. Berättelse från Finlands sista nödår (1891) tunnevaikutuksia ja tutkin näiden tunnevaikutusten poliittisia ja moraalisia asetelmia nälkävuosien historiaan peilaten.

Topeliuksen runoa voi pitää ajan kristillis-isänmaallista tunnehallintoa ilmentävänä ja rakentavana tekstinä, jossa keskiössä on kollektiivinen syyllisyys: luonnonkatastrofi kuvataan Jumalan rangaistuksena kansakunnan maallistumisesta. Lukijaan vaikutetaan pelon tunteella, ja runon empatia on luonteeltaan vallitsevaa yhteiskuntajärjestystä vahvistavaa. Rakkautta kuvataan vastavuoroisuutta edellyttävänä lahjana ja köyhyys ylevöitetään onnellisuuden ja liikuttuneisuuden tunteilla. Tavaststjernan romaanissa esille nousevat kulttuurisesti rumat tunteet ja moraalisesti ristiriitaiset henkilöhahmot, jotka haastavat lukijaa kohtaamaan velvoittavan isänmaanrakkauden ja helpon myötä-tunnon ehdot. Ironinen kerronta kyseenalaistaa nälkävuosien politiikkaa, ilmaisee moraalista halveksuntaa sekä provosoi voimakkaita tunteita oletetussa lukijassa. Ironian merkitys on romaanissa sekä nationalismin tunnehallintoa purkava että uutta tunneyhteisöä rakentava. Lukijaa haastetaan kollektiiviseen vastuuntuntoon nälkäkriisistä.
Kansallinen omakuva ja kielteiset tunteet
Authors: Rossi Riikka , Nykänen Elise
Published: January 2021

Joutsenen erikoisjulkaisu Suomalaiset ahdistukset – Kansallinen omakuva ja kielteiset tunteet lähestyy kansakunnan kertomisen kysymyksiä kielteisten tunteiden näkökulmasta. Julkaisussa pohditaan erityisesti kielteisten tunteiden ja niin sanottujen rumien, kulttuurisesti ja moraalisesti vähäarvoisina pidettyjen tunteiden merkitystä suomalaisen omakuvan rakentumiselle. Miten pelkoa, inhoa, vihaa, kateutta, surua, ahdistusta tai syyllisyyttä on kuvattu suomalaisessa kirjallisuudessa? Miten nämä esitykset suhteutuvat myönteisinä ja moraalisesti korkeina pidettyihin kansallistunteisiin kuten isänmaanrakkauteen tai yhteenkuuluvuuden tunteeseen? Millaisiin kirjallisuushistoriallisiin ilmiöihin ja esteettisiin käsityksiin negatiivisten tunteiden esittäminen kytkeytyy? Entä millaisia tunnereaktioita, joko myönteisiä tai kielteisiä, näiden tunteiden kuvauksilla pyritään lukijassa herättämään ja millaisin keinoin? Kansakunnan rakentamisen kysymyksiä tarkastellaan lisäksi suhteessa 2010-luvun poliittisessa keskustelussa hyödynnettyyn affektiiviseen retoriikkaan, joka ammentaa kielteisistä kollektiivisista tunteista. Millaisia ovat nykypäivän kertomukset suomalaisuudesta ja millä tavoin ne lujittavat tai haastavat 1800-luvulta lähtien yhdessä kuviteltua kansakuntaa? Entä millaisia uusia tunneyhteisöjä nämä kertomukset rakentavat?
ALMAN HUKUKUNDA KÜÇÜKLERİN EVLAT EDİNİLMESİNDE YENİ DÖNEM
Authors: ŞAHİN Eda
Published: January 2021

Alman Medeni Kanunu’nun (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) ‘Küçüklerin Evlat Edinilmesi’ başlığı altında yer alan 1741.maddesinin ikinci fıkrası evli olmayan bir kimsenin yalnızca tek başına evlat edinebileceğini, evli kimselerin ise ancak birlikte evlat edinebileceklerini, eşlerden birinin tek başına diğerinin çocuğunu evlat edinebileceğini, evli bir kimsenin eşinin fiil ehliyetinden yoksun veya henüz 21 yaşını doldurmamış olması durumunda tek başına evlat edinebileceğini düzenler. 26 Mart 2019 tarihinde Almanya Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi (Bundesverfassungsgericht) evli olmayan çiftlerden oluşan ailelerde yaşayan çocukları evlat edinilmeleri noktasında haklı bir neden olmaksızın dezavantajlı duruma getiren bu maddeyi Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti Anayasasının (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland) bütün insanların yasa önünde eşit olduğunu düzenleyen 3.maddesinin 1.fıkrasına aykırı bulmuş ve yasama organına 31 Mart 2020 tarihine kadar yeni hükümler ihdas etme talimatı vermiştir. Çalışmamız önce genel olarak Alman Hukukunda küçüklerin evlat edinilmesinin koşullarını, daha sonra Mahkemenin verdiği bu kararı, 31 Mart 2020’de yürürlüğe giren yeni hükmü ve hükmün gerekçesini inceleyecektir.
Carcinofauna do Complexo baía-estuário de Santos-São Vicente e canal de Bertioga, com destaque para Decapoda da Baía de Santos, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Santos Jorge Luis dos , Carminatto Amanda Aparecida , Reigada Álvaro Luiz Diogo , Petrere Júnior Miguel
Published: January 2021

Apesar da relevância geoeconômica da Baía de Santos, estudos sobre a composição de sua carcinofauna ainda são incipientes. Assim, este estudo fornece informações sobre a fauna de crustáceos da Baía de Santos, também copilando dados para Complexo baía-estuário de Santos-São Vicente e canal de Bertioga (CBESSB), localizado no litoral centro do estado de São Paulo. Foram realizadas quatro campanhas amostrais entre abril e dezembro de 2017 em seis pontos distintos, utilizando uma embarcação do tipo bote camaroeiro com esforço de captura padronizado. Também foi realizado um levantamento das espécies registradas no CBESSB. No total, foram registradas 102 espécies, pertencentes a 67 gêneros, 31 famílias, sete infraordens e três ordens. O monitoramento registrou um total de 13.404 exemplares (91.890,07 g), pertencentes a 18 espécies, 15 gêneros, 11 famílias, quatro infraordens e uma ordem. As espécies com a maior abundância numérica e em peso foram Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, Callinectes danae e Callinectes ornatus. No inverno, a faixa de média profundidade e o lado oeste da Baía de Santos apresentaram as maiores abundâncias. Apesar da antropização, o CBESSB apresenta elevada riqueza de crustáceos e sugere-se que seja monitorado constantemente com o objetivo de apoiar medidas de conservação e manejo, devido sua elevada importância ecológica, econômica e social para toda a região do litoral central do estado de São Paulo.
Sex-based differences in factors associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adolescents with childhood asthma
Authors: Kim Young Hwan , Jang Yoon Young , Jeong Jieun , Chung Hai Lee
Published: January 2021

Background: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), an important physiological feature of asthma, is a prognostic marker of childhood asthma.Purpose: We aimed to investigate the factors associated with BHR in adolescents with childhood asthma.Methods: Two hundred and fifteen adolescents (≥13 years of age; 149 males, 66 females) who were diagnosed with asthma during childhood were enrolled, underwent methacholine challenge tests, and were divided into the BHR group (<25 mg/mL of provocation concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] [PC20], n=113) or non-BHR group (≥25 mg/mL of PC20, n=102). We examined longitudinal changes in BHR and the risk factors for its persistence in the 108 adolescents for whom baseline data, including methacholine PC20 at age 6 years, were available. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with BHR in adolescents.Results: Mold sensitization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.569; P=0.005) and increased blood eosinophil count (aOR, 1.002; P=0.026) were independently associated with BHR in boys but not girls. The odds of BHR decreased by 32% with each 1-year increase in age in boys (aOR, 0.683; P=0.010) but not girls. A reduced FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio (<90%) was independently related with BHR in female patients only (aOR, 7.500; P=0.007). BHR decreased with age throughout childhood. A low methacholine PC20 at age 6 years was independently associated with persistent BHR throughout childhood in male and female patients, whereas early mold sensitization was a risk factor for persistent BHR in male patients only (aOR, 7.718; P=0.028).Conclusion: Our study revealed sex-specific differences in the factors associated with BHR in adolescents with childhood asthma. Our findings suggest the risk factors that might affect asthma transition from childhood to adolescence and adulthood.
Nature and Human Brain: Information-sharing Paradigms
Authors: Volobuev A. , Romanov D. , Romanchuk P.
Published: January 2021

The new modern world has entered a complex society. Nature its new material world of the Universe and its natural habitat, become more variable, over shorter periods of time. The system of nature–society–human is a holistic, dynamic, wave, open, steadily non-equilibrium system, with the isolation not only of internal ties, but also of external ones - with the space environment. Modern science views man, humanity and the biosphere as a single system, with growing demographic, food and medical problems. Human brains are biological, biophysical, neurophysiological and medico-social paradigms of information exchange. Modern communications are multilevel, multi-paradigm and interdisciplinary models of information exchange. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. The introduction of multi-vector neurotechnologies of artificial intelligence and the principles of digital health care will contribute to the development of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing. The introduction of biocomputer nanoplatforms and modules consisting of small molecules, polymers, nucleic acids or proteins/peptides, nanoplatforms are programmed to detect and process external stimuli, such as magnetic fields or light, or internal stimuli, such as nucleic acids, enzymes or pH, using three different mechanisms: system assembly, system disassembly or system transformation. Current biocomputer nanoplatforms are invaluable for many applications, including medical diagnostics, biomedical imaging, environmental monitoring, and delivery of therapeutic drugs to target cell populations. Integration of different sources of information will allow researchers to obtain a new holistic picture of the pathophysiological process of the disease, which will cover from molecular changes to cognitive manifestations. Cognitive memory is a continuous act of creation, one of the largest and most capacious concepts that represents the main function of memory in general. The knowledge that a person receives during training is first perceived as something external, but then gradually they turn into experience and beliefs. Cognitive memory retains all the knowledge gained, representing a kind of “library”, and the process of assimilation and preservation becomes more complicated as the information received becomes more complex.
Role of Cytokines of the IL-1 Family in Implantation and Development of Induced Pregnancy
Authors: Lapshtaeva A. , Danilova Yu.
Published: January 2021

Cytokines of the interlekin-1 (IL-1) family play an important role in the regulation of the immune response, including by inducing the synthesis of other cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases. All components of IL-1 are found in the endometrium throughout the entire menstrual cycle. endometrial factors Stimulate the secretion of IL-1 by the embryo, which contributes to the formation of the relationship between the mother's endometrium and the embryo before implantation. The article presents the results of an analysis of modern literature sources devoted to the role of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Rа in the process of implantation and the development of spontaneous and induced pregnancy.
Psychosomatic Behavior Style of Patients With Syphilis in Connection With Their Psychological Defenses
Authors: Gavrichkova A. , Kravtsova N. , Gerets A. , Terekhova G. , Mikhailova Yu. , Milovidova E.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of the clinical and psychological study of the styles of psychosomatic behavior and psychological defenses. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of syphilis (30 people) took part in the research. The following methods were used: questionnaire “Lifestyle index” by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman and H. R. Conte; questionnaire of psychosomatic behavior styles by V. М. Byzova, A. E. Loviagina, E. I. Perikova; “Individually typological questionnaire” by L. N. Sobchik; the projective technique “Drawing of a Man”. The patients of the selected group demonstrate the predominance of cognitive and behavioral styles of psychosomatic behavior and such psychological defenses as projection, denial, rationalization. Types of connections that were determined between styles of psychosomatic behavior and psychological defenses: the direct connection of the cognitive (r=0.317, P<0.05) and behavioral (r=0.657, P<0.01) styles of psychosomatic response with rationalization; moderate positive connection between the behavioral style of psychosomatic behavior and repression (r=0.380, P<0.05) as well as regression (r=0.398, P<0.05); reverse connection (r= −0.327, P<0.05) between the emotional style of psychosomatic behavior and displacement.
Testing of the Model of the Heat Exchanger Supercharger With a Flat Active Par
Authors: Zhang Q. , Liu Ch. , Peng Y. , Levtsev A.
Published: January 2021

This paper designs a pulsation-generating structure to provide pulsating flow for experiments. The relationship between frequency, flow and pulsating flow enhancement heat transfer is discussed separately. The characteristics of pulsating flow enhanced heat transfer are analyzed, and the theoretical research and engineering application of pulsating heat transfer are proposed. The scheme of the laboratory installation is developed, which is an independent circuit from the heat source with a pulse circulation of the coolant. The unit allows testing the heat exchanger-supercharger at different performance at the frequency of fluctuations of the coolant from 0.5 to 2 Hz. As a result of thermal tests, graphs of temperature changes over time in the heated and closed circuit at flow interruption frequencies from 0.5 to 1 Hz are obtained. It is found that with increasing frequency of flow fluctuations, the heating time of the coolant in a closed loop decreases by almost 1.85 times.
Numerical Simulation of The Effect of Baffle on Heat Transfer Performance of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Guo Z. , Shan J. , Li J. , Levtsev
Published: January 2021

Baffle heat exchanger is widely used in various production activities because of its simple design and strong adaptability, so the structural optimization of baffle heat exchanger is of great significance to engineering practice. COMSOL software was used to simulate the shell-and-tube heat exchanger with baffles. By comparing and analyzing the simulation results, we find that the temperature field and pressure field of baffle plate are distributed evenly; The existence of baffles leads to the transverse flow of air, which increases the heat exchange area. Another advantage of using baffles is that vibration due to fluid flow can be reduced.
Test of the Layout of the Correction Circuit With a Plate Heat Exchanger
Authors: Guo Z. , Shan J. , Li J. , Levtsev A.
Published: January 2021

Pulse enhanced heat transfer technology is introduced, and a plate heat exchanger is designed. A pulsating valve is installed at the outlet of the heat exchanger to pulsate the heat medium. Pulsating and non-pulsating heat transfer tests are carried out on the same heat exchanger. On the basis of experiments, the effective temperature difference, heat flow and convective heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger at different pulse frequencies are analyzed by combining the theory of pulse enhanced heat transfer technology, heat transfer capacity, heat flow and convective heat transfer coefficient. Find the relationship between pulsation frequency of heat transfer effect of heat exchanger. The experimental results show that the heat exchanger has high heat transfer efficiency under the experimental conditions when there is pulsation.
Operating Expenses for Heat Energy Production Connected With Performance, Type of Sources of Heat Supply
Authors: Khujaev P. , Saidkhojaev Kh. , Saidgufronov N.
Published: January 2021

The calculation of operating costs during heat generation in boilers is considered in this article. Presented approximation curves that increase the range of applications of the method.
Ways of Developing Priorities for the Development of Small Business and Private Enterprise the Construction Sphere
Authors: Abdullaev A.
Published: January 2021

This article discusses scenarios for determining priorities and prospects for the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in the construction industry, and also gives recommendations for increasing the volume of construction work. Thus, according to our analysis, the main factors affecting the development of the construction industry in the Tashkent region are industrial development, nominal wages, population and investment in fixed assets, and the main difference in these indicators in regional units is considered a serious problem. According to the results of the developed scenario, reducing the gap between these indicators in regional units will increase the annual growth rate of construction and installation work from 10.1% to 23.9%, which, in turn, will increase the number of builders in the construction sector by 242 units. As a General conclusion, the organization of payments between the manufacturer and the customer when purchasing products in the construction industry affects the development of the network, as well as CBS. In addition, gradual payment by the customer based on payment for completed construction works will play an important role in the development of market legislation in the industry, the elimination of monopolies and the development of IFRS.
The Role of Social Commerce in the Development of Small Business in Russia
Authors: Simakina M.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the features of marketing activities of Russian small enterprises. Special attention is paid to the use of low-budget and Internet marketing tools by small businesses, as well as the role of small businesses in the development of the e-economy. Among the many e-commerce tools, a tool called “social commerce” stands out. The definition of this phenomenon is given, the conditions and principles of its implementation, the factors influencing its development are described. On the example of Russian small enterprises, the features of the use of social commerce in modern conditions are determined.
Cultural and Ethnic Features of Experiencing Extreme Situations of the Ukrainian Ethnic Group
Authors: Topcheeva O.
Published: January 2021

This article examines the cultural and ethnic features of experiencing extreme situations, as well as behavior in them on the example of the Ukrainian ethnic group. Cultural, historical and psychological features characteristic of representatives of the Ukrainian ethnic group are studied. An attempt is made to substantiate assumptions about the behavior and experiences of the Ukrainian ethnic group in extreme situations.
Triphasic waves on electroencephalogram in patients with encephalopathy and their diagnosis significance. A review
Authors: Baranova E. A. , Sinkin M. V.
Published: January 2021

Triphasic waves are high-amplitude (>70 µV) positive sharp transients preceded and followed by relatively low-amplitude negative waves. The distribution is generalized and tends to have a repetition rate of approximately 1 to 2 Hz. This EEG-pattern is traditionally associated with hepatic encephalopathy, although they have been observed in a wide array of neurological disorders including subcortical white-matter disease, infections, metabolic disturbances and nonconvulsive status epilepticus.

American Clinical Neurophysiology Society suggested Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology (2012). One of the goals was to eliminate terms with clinical connotations, such as ‘triphasic waves’, a term that implies a metabolic encephalopathy with no relationship to seizures for many clinicians. The term ‘triphasic waves’ was replaced by ‘Generalized periodic discharges (GPDs) with triphasic morphology’. The clinical significance ofthese waveforms and their relationship with seizures and prognosis has been debated, and differentiation between interictal patterns, patternsassociated with seizures, and the patterns representing nonconvulsive status epilepticus have been concluded to be a challenge. In cases of uncertainty, the decision to treat should follow on a thorough evaluation with a continuous EEG monitoring and using a short-acting benzodiazepine or non-sedating antiepileptic drugs in order to discern the effects of the pattern on the patient’s clinical exam and EEG.
Figurative comparisons and eponims in functional diagnostics. Part 3. Ultrasound examination of blood vessels and peripheral nerves
Authors: Zaikina N. V. , Agafonova L. V. , Zaikina M. P.
Published: January 2021

This article is the third part from set of materials telling about figurative comparisons and eponyms, which have become an integral part of modern functional and ultrasound diagnostics. It is impossible to imagine modern angiology without ultrasound. Examination of peripheral nerve is currently becoming more widespread in practical health care. In this article you can find the diseases and anatomical terms which was named after the great scientists who first described them: Valsalva, Leonardo da Vinci, Giacomini, Paget, Schroetter, Takayasu, Burger, Reynaud, Menkeberg, Willis, Scarpa, Hunter, etc. Such figurative comparisons are described as ‘Mickey Mouse sign’, ‘one-eared Mickey Mouse’, ‘Egyptian eye’ (‘Pharaoh’s eye’), ‘royal vein’, ‘bunny spectrum’, ‘honeycombs’, ‘salt-pepper’, ‘electric cable’ etc. The terms that will be discussed in the article have not only scientific, but also applied meaning. The article will be useful and interesting to students of medical universities, residents and doctors, whom it will help to check and possibly, update their knowledge.
Neurological syndromes of celiac disease
Authors: Kopishinskaia S. V. , Nikitin S. S.
Published: January 2021

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease in people with a genetic predisposition resulting from the consumption of gluten proteins from wheat, rye, barley and characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine and atrophy of the villi. Neuropathy, migraine, chronic cerebellar ataxia and fibromyalgia are the most common extraintestinal celiac disease syndromes. The study of small nerve fibers is necessary for painful celiac disease syndromes such as gluten neuropathy and fibromyalgia, as well as for gluten autonomic neuropathy. The study of antineuronal antiganglioside antibodies is necessary for such lesions of both the central and peripheral nervous systems as gluten neuropathy and gluten cerebellar ataxia. A gluten-free diet directly affects the disappearance of headache attacks or a decrease in their frequency and intensity. There is little research on the effect of a gluten-free diet on headache risk.
Diagnostics and treatment features of early spasticity in lower limb due to focal brain damage
Authors: Dyagileva V. P. , Gribova N. P.
Published: January 2021

Rehabilitation of patients after acute cerebrovascular accident or severe traumatic brain injury is one of the priority areas of modern medicine. Motor disorders occur in 77–81 % of patients after stroke. The development of spasticity in the lower limb in the early recovery period contributes to the deterioration of the rehabilitation prognosis and potential, limits the volume of voluntary movements, creates difficulties in patient care, reduces daily activity, creates difficulties in wearing orthoses, and reduces the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures. The article discusses aspects of the pathophysiology of spasticity in focal brain damage, discusses the possibility of early diagnosis and treatment of spasticity in the lower limb. demonstrates results of evaluation of spasticity in the lower limb using clinical scales, as well as the results of monosynaptic testing in dynamics in patients in the early recovery period after focal brain damage. The obtained data allow us to conclude that the combined use of several diagnostic techniques allows the earliest verification of spasticity in the lower limb in a patient. Discussed, that botulotoxin therapy can be used as the most targeted and effective method of treating spasticity in the lower limb after focal brain damage as part of complex therapy.
Prevention of Tobacco Use in Youth with Disabilities: A Video Experimental Model
Authors: Green Denise M. , Lewis Heather , Vogt Sara
Published: January 2021

This article reviews literature available in relationship to youth tobacco prevention through education and use of a video creation by the students. The study also incorporates the Cone of Experience in relationship to the students retaining knowledge from the process of creating short video clips related to the effects of tobacco use in youth. Data for this study was collected via pre- and post-test questionnaires of youth students attending a Boys & Girls Club of America in Southeastern United States. Various descriptive statistical analyses were utilized to compare the results of the pre- and post-tests to determine how much students learned from educational presentations and video creation in relationship to tobacco prevention.
Evaluation of Surgeon’s Exposure to Formaldehyde, PM 2.5, and Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Jadhav Rohan , Achutan Chandran
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives: Electrocautery is an essential tool in surgery used for dissecting tissue layers and to control bleeding. Health risks from the exposure to surgical smoke are not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to measure the extent of exposure to chemicals present in surgical smoke during surgery.

Methods: Personal air monitoring of known carcinogens such as formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and real-time area monitoring of PM 2.5 particles originating from electrocautery use was conducted during a live surgery. A quantitative survey was administered to surgeons in a medical center to assess the exposure and health effects related to surgical smoke. Personal air monitoring was achieved by measuring the concentration of formaldehyde and VOCs from passive samplers placed on surgeons’ caps. A particle counter was used to monitor the concentration of PM 2.5 particles in the surgical field. A health symptoms questionnaire was collected from 43 surgeons in a medical center located in a Midwestern state.

Results: A low but detectable level of formaldehyde was reported from sampled data during personal exposure monitoring. The mean concentration of PM 2.5 particles during the active use of electrocautery period was 795 μg/m3 and was far greater than background and post-exposure concentrations. The irritation of upper respiratory mucosa after the use of electrocautery were commonly reported in the survey.

Conclusions: The study was highlighted by the detectable presence of formaldehyde in personal environment. Future research should explore cause-and-effect relationship of occupational exposure to surgical smoke at low levels.
A Single Amino Acid Change to Taq DNA Polymerase Enables Faster PCR, Reverse Transcription and Strand-Displacement
Authors: Barnes Wayne M. , Zhang Zhian , Kermekchiev Milko B.
Published: January 2021

A change of an aspartic acid to asparagine of Taq (Thermus aquaticus) DNA polymerase is a gain of function mutation that supports faster PCR: the extension times for PCR amplification can be 2–3 times shorter. Surprising results from negative controls led to the discovery of strand-displacement ability and reverse transcriptase activity of Taq D732N DNA polymerase. We demonstrate that the mutant enzyme can, by itself, catalyze RT-PCR, and RT-LAMP assays. Residue 732 is on the surface of the enzyme, not near the active site.
Control Modification of Grasp Force Covaries Agency and Performance on Rigid and Compliant Surfaces
Authors: Nataraj Raviraj , Sanford Sean
Published: January 2021

This study investigated how modifications in the display of a computer trace under user control of grasp forces can co-modulate agency (perception of control) and performance of grasp on rigid and compliant surfaces. We observed positive correlation (p< 0.01) betweenimplicit agency, measured from time-interval estimation for intentional binding, andgrasp performance, measured by force-tracking error, across varying control modes for each surface type. The implications of this work are design directives for cognition-centered device interfaces for rehabilitation of grasp after neurotraumas such as spinal cord and brain injuries while considering if grasp interaction is rigid or compliant. These device interfaces should increase user integration to virtual reality training and powered assistive devices such as exoskeletons and prostheses. The modifications in control modes for this study included changes in force magnitude, addition of mild noise, and a measure of automation. Significant differences (p< 0.001) were observed for each surface type across control modes with metrics for implicit agency, performance, and grasp control efficiency. Explicit agency, measured from user survey responses, did not exhibit significant variations in this study, suggesting implicit measures of agency are needed for identifying co-modulation with grasp performance. Grasp on the compliant surface resulted in greater dependence of performance on agency and increases in agency and performance with the addition of mild noise. Noise in conjunction with perceived freedom at a flexible surface may have amplified visual feedback responses. Introducing automation in control decreased agency and performance for both surfaces, suggesting the value in continuous user control of grasp. In conclusion, agency and performance of grasp can be co-modulated across varying modes of control, especially for compliant grasp actions. Future studies should consider reliable measures of implicit agency, including physiological recordings, to automatically adapt rehabilitation interfaces for better cognitive engagement and to accelerate functional outcomes.
Optimizing the Intracellular Delivery of Therapeutic Anti-inflammatory TNF-α siRNA to Activated Macrophages Using Lipidoid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Lokras Abhijeet , Thakur Aneesh , Wadhwa Abishek , Thanki Kaushik , Franzyk Henrik , Foged Camilla
Published: January 2021

RNA interference (RNAi) has an unprecedented potential as a therapeutic strategy for reversibly silencing the expression of any gene. Therapeutic delivery of the RNAi mediator, i.e., small interfering RNA (siRNA), can be used to address diseases characterized by gene overexpression, for example inflammatory conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Macrophages play a key role in COPD pathogenesis and are recruited to the airways and lung parenchyma, where they release proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Hence, targeting TNF-α with siRNA is a promising therapeutic approach for COPD management. However, a safe and effective delivery system is required for delivery of TNF-α siRNA into the cytosol of hard-to-transfect macrophages. The purpose of this study was to optimize the intracellular delivery of TNF-α siRNA to the lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 using lipidoid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) composed of the lipid-like transfection agent lipidoid 5 (L5) and the biodegradable polymer poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide). Applying a quality-by-design approach, the influence of critical formulation variables, i.e., the L5content and the L5:siRNA ratio (w/w), on critical quality attributes (CQAs) was investigated systematically using risk assessment and design of experiments, followed by delineation of an optimal operating space (OOS). The CQAs were identified based on the quality target product profile and included size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and loading for achieving efficient and safe TNF-α gene silencing in activated RAW 264.7 cells. Formulations inducing efficient gene silencing and low cytotoxicity were identified, and the optimal formulations displayed L5contents of 15 and 20% (w/w), respectively, and an L5:siRNA weight ratio of 15:1. All tested formulations within the OOS mediated efficient and sequence-specific TNF-α gene silencing in RAW 264.7 cells at TNF-α-siRNA concentrations, which were significantly lower than the concentrations required of non-encapsulated TNF-α-siRNA, highlighting the benefit of the delivery system. The results also demonstrate that increasing the loading of siRNA into the delivery system does not necessarily imply enhanced gene silencing. This opens new avenues for further exploitation of LPNs as a robust platform technology for delivering TNF-α siRNA to macrophages, e.g., in the management of COPD.
In vivo and Post-synthesis Strategies to Enhance the Properties of PHB-Based Materials: A Review
Authors: Turco Rosa , Santagata Gabriella , Corrado Iolanda , Pezzella Cinzia , Di Serio Martino
Published: January 2021

The transition toward “green” alternatives to petroleum-based plastics is driven by the need for “drop-in” replacement materials able to combine characteristics of existing plastics with biodegradability and renewability features. Promising alternatives are the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), microbial biodegradable polyesters produced by a wide range of microorganisms as carbon, energy, and redox storage material, displaying properties very close to fossil-fuel-derived polyolefins. Among PHAs, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is by far the most well-studied polymer. PHB is a thermoplastic polyester, with very narrow processability window, due to very low resistance to thermal degradation. Since the melting temperature of PHB is around 170–180°C, the processing temperature should be at least 180–190°C. The thermal degradation of PHB at these temperatures proceeds very quickly, causing a rapid decrease in its molecular weight. Moreover, due to its high crystallinity, PHB is stiff and brittle resulting in very poor mechanical properties with low extension at break, which limits its range of application. A further limit to the effective exploitation of these polymers is related to their production costs, which is mostly affected by the costs of the starting feedstocks. Since the first identification of PHB, researchers have faced these issues, and several strategies to improve the processability and reduce brittleness of this polymer have been developed. These approaches range from thein vivosynthesis of PHA copolymers, to the enhancement ofpost-synthesisPHB-based material performances, thus the addition of additives and plasticizers, acting on the crystallization process as well as on polymer glass transition temperature. In addition, reactive polymer blending with other bio-based polymers represents a versatile approach to modulate polymer properties while preserving its biodegradability. This review examines the state of the art of PHA processing, shedding light on the green and cost-effective tailored strategies aimed at modulating and optimizing polymer performances. Pioneering examples in this field will be examined, and prospects and challenges for their exploitation will be presented. Furthermore, since the establishment of a PHA-based industry passes through the designing of cost-competitive production processes, this review will inspect reported examples assessing this economic aspect, examining the most recent progresses toward process sustainability.