bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Somatostatin Receptor Ligand and Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients With Acromegaly
Authors: Sahin Serdar , Eskazan Tugce , Cicek Ebru , Ozoguz Yeliz Yagiz , Durcan Emre , Sulu Cem , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Hatemi Ali İbrahim , Kadioglu Pinar
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Vitamin B12 causes hematologic and neuropsychiatric disorders, so it is important to evaluate it in risky situations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between somatostatin receptor ligands and vitamin B12 levels in patients with acromegaly.Methods: Patients who were followed up with the diagnosis of acromegaly in the Endocrinology and Metabolism outpatient clinic of Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty were evaluated. Patients were divided into groups according to their somatostatin receptor ligand use status. The groups were evaluated according to their vitamin B12 levels, demographic data, and biochemical parameters.Results: One hundred fifty-two patients were evaluated. Thirteen patients had vitamin B12 deficiency. The majority (11/13) of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were patients using somatostatin receptor ligand. In addition, the number of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who received lanreotide autogel treatment was significantly higher compared with patients who did not use somatostatin receptor ligand (p = 0.011). Vitamin B12 levels were higher in patients who received lanreotide autogel treatment than in patients who did not use somatostatin receptor ligand treatment (p = 0.040). There was a negative correlation between vitamin B12 levels and lanreotide autogel use time, cumulative lanreotide autogel dose.Conclusion: It is important to evaluate the level of vitamin B 12 in the follow-up of patients with acromegaly using somatostatin receptor ligand treatment.
Development of Daphnia Magna SSR Markers and Genetic Diversity Analysis Based on RAD-Seq Technology
Authors: Zhang Shengman , Xiong Yiran , Tan Meng , Chen Siwei , Han Zheng , He Wenhui , He Peimin
Published: August 2021

Daphnia magna belongs to the Cladocera order and plays an important role in the water ecosystem. With the intensification of water pollution, the wild population of D. magna has declined rapidly in recent years, and insufficient molecular markers have limited effective research and conservation of this species. In our research, 26 novel microsatellite (SSR) markers were developed in an artificially domesticated of D. magna and 12 wild population of D. magna using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). The results showed that the observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.083 to 0.999 and 0.085 to 0.862, respectively. The PIC ranged from 0.368 to 0.805. These results indicate that the developed SSR marker is highly polymorphic. Nei’s genetic identity (H) ranged from 0.0926 to 0.3462, with a mean of 0.2233. Shannon’s Information index (I) ranged from 0.1333 to 0.4799, with an average of 0.3073; Shanxi province had the highest value and Hunan province had the lowest. Genetic distance and Nei’s genetic identity analysis, NJ tree diagram analysis, and PCoA analysis were conducted on populations of D. magna from different regions. The results show that the D. magna genetic relationship between Liaoning and Shanxi, Hunan and Anhui, and Beijing and Hainan is relatively close, while the genetic structure of D. magna in Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Sichuan is quite different from other sampling sites. An analysis of population genetic structure divided the test D. magna samples into two major groups. These results indicate that the genetic diversity of D. magna is rich, and the genetic structure of D. magna differs considerably in different regions. These research results and the newly developed polymorphic SSR markers for D. magna are of great significance in terms of the genetic breeding of D. magna, identification of wild and artificially domesticated population and conservation genetics research.
Survival Outcomes In Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER 2) Positive Breast Cancer Patients At Kenyatta National Hospital
Authors: Tuwei Gloria , Degu Amsalu
Published: August 2021

Background: For several years, HER2-positive breast cancer was associated with poor outcomes and higher mortality rates than other breast cancer subtypes. Nevertheless, the advent of Trastuzumab has significantly changed the treatment paradigm of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, it is not an affordable treatment option in sub-Saharan African countries. Besides, there was a lack of comprehensive data about the survival outcomes of HER2-positive breast cancer patients in our setting. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the survival outcomes among HER2-positive breast cancer patients at the Oncology Department of Kenyatta National Hospital.Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort design was used to evaluate the survival outcomes, and associated factors among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer admitted between 2015 and 2019 at Kenyatta National Hospital. A total of 50 eligible HER2-positive breast cancer patients were included in the study. In the pre-designed data abstraction tool, the data were collected by reviewing the medical records of the patients. The data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27 software. The mean survival time was estimated using Kaplan Meier survival analysis. Cox regression analysis was employed to estimate the predictors of mortality among HER2-positive breast cancer patients.Results: The study showed that the overall survival rate was 30%, with a significant decrease in the percentage survival rate across the five years. More than half of the study participants (26, 52%) showed cancer progression during the last follow-up period. The present study showed that the mean cancer-specific survival rate among the study patients was 26.74±18.395 months. The study showed that the mean survival time of patients aged below 60 years (32.513 months), without co-morbidities (34.40 months), and the early stage of the disease (50.639 months) was higher than their counterparts. Multivariate cox-regression analysis revealed that advanced stage (AHR=13.1, 95% CI=2.6-66.6, P=0.002 and distant metastasis (AHR=15.0, 95% CI=3.6-62.8, P≤0.001) were the significant predictors of mortality among HER2 positive breast cancer patients.Conclusions: The overall survival rate of HER 2 positive breast cancer was 30%. Advanced stage and distant metastasis were the significant predictors of mortality among HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
Effect of sample thickness on the structural and optical properties of Polyvinyl Chloride/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Films for photocatalysis application
Authors: guedri aimane , ZAABAT Mourad , BOUDINE Boubekeur , HAFDALLAH Abdelkader
Published: August 2021

Considered Technique spin coating of the most important techniques used to prepare thin films because it is easy to use and inexpensive since it is closely dependent on the number of layers deposited. This work aims to study the effect of samples thickness for nanocomposites of polyvinyl chloride doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles on the structural, optical properties, and photocatalytic activities. Nanocomposite films of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - zinc oxide (ZnO) with a different number of the deposited layers (15, 20, 25, and 30 layers) were synthesized by a sol-gel method (spin coating) using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, and investigated by various techniques. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated in the case of 15, 20, and 25 layers do not clearly show the presence of diffraction peaks. On the other hand, in the case of 30 layers, the presence of several peaks is observed, which testify to the presence of ZnO crystallites of wurtzite structure in PVC films. The size of the crystallites is almost equal to 32 nm depending on the working conditions. Raman and infrared spectra confirmed the result of X-ray diffraction on the incorporation of ZnO crystallites in the films produced by showing peaks corresponding to the modes of vibration of the crystal lattice of the ZnO doping semiconductor. Optical transmittance spectra have shown that The layers obtained have an optical transmission varying from 75 to 86% in the visible region of the spectrum. The values of the band gap energies, determined from the transmission spectra for the films deposited on glass, vary between 3.45 and 3.94 eV. The Photoluminescence spectra of ZnO/PVC nanocomposites studied revealed a strong ultraviolet and green luminescence, attributed to structural defects in the zinc oxide. The photocatalytic reaction has been shown using MB in the UV irradiation action of films stacked in an MB solution. The result showed that the 30-layer (PVC / ZnO) sample gave an efficiency to remove MB of 79% at 60 min, Similar to other samples which gave a lower efficiency.
Association of Serum 25(OH)D Levels with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hu Zhiyong , Zhi Xueyuan , Wang Jinxiu , Li Jiafu
Published: August 2021

Although many cross-sectional studies that have examined the relationship of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), there are very few reports for cohort studies. Here, we performed an a prospective cohort study to investigate the effect modification of traditional risk factors on association of serum 25(OH)D with T2D and to determine if addition of serum 25(OH)D improve the risk prediction of T2D. A total of 1926 adults without diabetes were prospectively followed for 36 months in China. During a mean of 36 months of follow-up, 114 participants (5.9%) developed incident T2D. Although no significant relationship was found in total population, stratified analyses indicated that low 25(OH)D levels was associated with increased T2D risk among individuals who were male, overweight/obese, with insufficient physical activity, or normal fasting plasma glucose at baseline. Additive interaction analysis showed that low 25(OH)D levels and insufficient physical activity interacts to increase the risk of T2D (RERI = 0.875, 95% CI: 0.204–1.545). Addition of low serum 25(OH)D significantly improved the predictive performance of T2D beyond conventional risk factors (NRI = 0.205, 95% CI:0.019–0.391). Our results suggest that low serum 25(OH)D and insufficient physical activity interact synergistically to influence the risk of T2D in Chinese adult population. Adding serum 25(OH)D to conventional risk factors improves the risk prediction of T2D.
Retrospective analysis of primary neuroendocrine tumors of the ovary: Management and outcomes
Authors: pang li , guo zhiqiang
Published: August 2021

Background

Due to the low incidence of ovarian neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), clinicians may be unaware of appropriate treatments for the disease and factors influencing patient prognosis, which may cause them to miss the window of opportunity for treatment. Moreover, there is currently no recognized first-line treatment strategy, and no studies have reported prognostic statistics derived from large samples. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical behavior of ovarian NETs.
Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify women diagnosed with ovarian NETs from 2004 to 2015. Overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and independent prognostic factors for ovarian NETs were evaluated. The effects of different treatments on prognosis were also compared, as were OS and CSS rates for histological subtypes.
Results

The 5-year OS rates were 83.3%, 30.0%, 20.3%, and 9.8% for patients in stages I (n = 159), II (n = 23), III (n = 101), and IV (n = 148), respectively. The 5-year CSS rates were 85.6%, 41.7%, 21.2%, and 9.8% for patients in stages I–IV, respectively. Age, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, lymph node metastasis, treatment, and histological type were related to poor OS and CSS. In the early stage, the 5-year OS and CSS rates were 97.03% and 96.90%, respectively. For patients in the advanced stage receiving comprehensive treatment (surgery + chemotherapy + radiotherapy), 5-year OS and CSS rates were 72.9% and 70.00%, respectively. When comparing low- and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, the 5-year OS rates were 93.96% vs. 7.01%, 5-year CSS rates were 97.44% vs. 7.31%, 10-year OS rates were 93.56% vs. 2.34%, and 10-year CSS rates were 97.44% vs. 4.88%, respectively.
Conclusion

Age, AJCC stage, treatment, and histological type are independent prognostic factors of ovarian NETs. Prognosis is relatively good for early-stage cases treated with surgery alone, whereas more comprehensive treatment is required to improve prognosis for advanced cases. Future studies should focus on the development of individualized treatment strategies for prolonging survival time in patients with ovarian NETs.
COX2: A Prognostic Inflammogenic Marker Drives Cervical Carcinogenesis In Vivo Through NFκB/IAP/p53Axis
Authors: Mahapatra Elizabeth , Biswas Souvick , Das Salini , Roy Madhumita , MUKHERJEE SUTAPA
Published: August 2021

Cycloxygenase2, a prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme is a key player in inflammation-induced vasculogenesis that enables tumor growth. This study explores the central role of COX2 and its relative prosurvival proteins in evoking inflammatory events during development of an in vivo cervical cancer model upon chronic treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC; a chemical carcinogen) in virgin-female Swiss Albino mice. Chronic painting of mice cervix with 3MC solution triggered the persistent expression and activity of COX2; eventuating in overexpression of major prosurvival molecules (NFκB, XIAP, survivin, GM-CSF1) and proliferative antigens (Ki67, PCNA). COX2-arbitrated prosurvival signaling subsequently deranged the expression profiles of tumor supressor proteins (p53/Acetyl-p53, p21, Rb) within the cervix. COX2 helmed molecular alterations successively surged leukocyte influx within cervix; catering in localized inflammation which gradually distorted its tissue architecture. Cervical carcinogenesis was further braced by higher levels of systemic-ROS and RNS, escalated iNOS activity and compromised anti-oxidant enzyme capacities, which were accompanied by splenomegaly. Additionally, circulation of blood-leucocytes with damaged DNA throughout the mice body, envisaged the impact of cervix-limited inflammation upon the mice physiology. Conclusively, the present study deciphered the role of COX2 effectuated NFκB/IAP/p53 functions in sequestering the contributors of localized and systemic inflammogenesis for propelling 3MC-mediated cervical carcinogenesis in vivo.
The effect of Crocodile (Crocodylus Siamensis) Oil on Hepatic Energy Homeostasis Mechanism and Mitochondrial Function in Rats
Authors: Fungfuang Wirasak , Parunyakul Kongphop , Srisuk Krittika , Santativongchai Pitchaya , Pongchairerk Urai , Ampawong Sumate , Tulayakul Phitsanu
Published: August 2021

Background: Fatty acid (FA) consumption can alter hepatic energy metabolism and liver mitochondrial functions. Crocodile oil (CO) is rich in both mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids that contain natural anti-inflammatory and healing properties. We investigated the effect of CO on energy metabolism and mitochondrial morphology in rat liver.Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1: rats treated with sterile water (RO); group 2: rats treated with CO (3% v/w); and group 3: rats treated with palm oil (PO) (3 % v/w). Rats were orally administered sterile water, CO, and PO once daily for 7 weeks. Body weight, food intake, liver weight, energy intake, blood lipid profiles, and liver-targeted metabolites were evaluated. Histopathological study of the liver, mitochondrial architecture of liver cell, and HDHD3 protein expression in liver mitochondria were determined.Results: CO treatment had no effect on body weight, liver weight, liver index, dietary energy intake, and serum lipid profiles. The CO group exhibited significantly lower food intake than the RO group. The CO group also showed significantly higher oxaloacetate and malate levels, which encourage the TCA cycle imbalance, than the PO group. CO treatment significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis as shown by a greater decrease of total surface area of lipid particles than that seen with PO treatment. CO administration maintained the liver’s mitochondrial morphology by upregulating the energetic maintenance protein—HDHD3. Moreover, the chemical-protein interaction also showed that the main fatty acid composition of CO preserved liver metabolism via the AMPK signaling pathway.Conclusion: Crocodile oil could support hepatic function through promoting the TCA cycle, maintaining hepatic mitochondrial architecture, and upregulating HDHD3.
Toxoplasmosis is a Risk Factor for Acquiring SARS-CoV-2 Infection and a Severe Course of Covid-19 Disease in The Czech and Slovak Population: A Preregistered Exploratory Internet Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Flegr Jaroslav
Published: August 2021

Background

Latent toxoplasmosis, i.e. a lifelong infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, affects about a third of human population worldwide. In the past ten years, numerous studies had shown that infected subjects have a significantly higher incidence of mental and physical health problems and are more prone to exhibiting the adverse effects of various diseases.
Methods

A cross-sectional internet study was performed on a population of 4,499 (786 Toxoplasma-infected) subjects and looked for factors which positively or negatively affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and likelihood of a severe course of Covid-19.
Results

Logistic regression and partial Kendall correlation controlled for sex, age, and size of the place of residence showed that latent toxoplasmosis had the strongest effect on the risk of infection (OR = 1·50) before sport (OR = 1·30), and borreliosis (1·27). It also had the strongest effect on the risk of severe course of infection (Tau = 0·146), before autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, male sex, keeping a cat, being overweight, borreliosis, higher age, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Toxoplasmosis augmented the adverse effects of other risk factors but was not the proximal cause of the effect of cat keeping on higher likelihood of Covid infection and higher severity of the course of infection because the effect of cat keeping was observed also (and especially) in a subset of Toxoplasma-infected subjects (Tau = 0·153). Effects of keeping a cat were detected only in subjects from multi-member families, suggesting that a cat could a vector for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within a family.
Conclusions

Toxoplasmosis is currently not considered a risk factor for Covid-19 and Toxoplasma-infected subjects are neither informed about their higher risks nor prioritised in vaccination programs. Because toxoplasmosis affects a large segment of the human population, its impact on Covid-19-associated effects on public health could be considerable.
Under nutrition and Associated factors among infants and young children age 6-23 months attending Minilik II Hospital, Ethiopia, 2021.
Authors: Worku Lelisa , Assefie Desta , Jara Dube , Tadesse Addisu
Published: August 2021

Globally, 47 million children young age were wasted, 14.3 million are severely wasted and 144 million are stunted. Around 45% of deaths among children are linked to undernutrition. The impact undernutrition is more severe among children age 6–23 months as this period is critical for child development, and irreversible damages can occur due to nutritional deficiencies. Hence aimed to assess magnitude of under nutrition and associated factors among infants and young children age 6–23 months attending Minilik II hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 377 Infant and young children age 6–23 months were selected using simple random sampling method. Data was collected using face-to-face interview with family and anthropometric measurement was taken. The anthropometric measurements of children were evaluated using WHO standard Antro software. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the characteristics of study population. Logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with under nutrition. The study revealed about 34.1% of young age children were under nutrition while 28.8% of them stunted, underweight 10.2% and 4.7% of them were wasted. Working condition of mother (AOR = 6.142, 95% CI: 2.90-13.01), education status of the mother (AOR = 5.75, 95% CI : 2.621–12.624), household live in rent house (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.30–7.04), illness/disease (AOR = 5.69, 95% CI: 2.360-13.623), inappropriate complementary feeding (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.37–7.04), breast feeding, receiving vitamin A (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08–0.34) and growth monitoring (AOR = 0.288 at 95% CI (0.14–0.58) were found to have statistically significant association with children under nutrition.
The Genetic Variants of HLA-DRB1 Alleles and the Chance of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Review and meta-analysis
Authors: Birga Anteneh Mengesha , Ning Lin , Huang Jian
Published: August 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is more common in those who have special human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic types. One of the most important genetic risk factors for RA lies in HLADRB1 locus. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to figure out which HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies are associated with a risk of RA per allele and phenotype group. The statistics data was calculated using RevMan version 5.4.1. This meta-analysis includes nine articles involving 3004 RA patients and 2384 healthy controls. In the allele group, three HLA-DRB1 alleles; HLA-DRB1*10 (OR = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.25-2.83, p = 0.002), HLA-DRB1*04 (OR = 2.38, 95%CI = 1.73-3.29, p < 0.00001), and HLA-DRB1*01 frequencies were shown to be considerably higher in RA patients compared to controls, potentially increasing the chance of disease development. Four HLA-DRB1 alleles among the included studies (*03, *07, *11, *13, and *14) which was observed that these are more prevalent in healthy persons than in RA patients, and may contribute as a protective factor against disease onset. Only the DRB1*04 subtypes DRB1*0401 (OR = 1.37, 95 percent CI = 1.05-1.79, p = 0.02) and DRB1*0404 (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.19-12.53, p = 0.004) show a significant association with the risk of RA in our pooled effect. Moreover, the findings demonstrated a significant relationship between HLA-DRB1 and the risk of disease in various ethnic groups.
Symmetry breaking Paradigm In Typical Laminar-Turbulence Transition System
Authors: Chun Huang , Jiang Yuchen
Published: August 2021

A stationary cylindrical vessel containing a rotating plate near the bottle surface is partially filled with liquid. With the bottom rotating, the shape of the liquid surface would become polygon-like. This polygon vortex phenomenon is a ideal system to demonstrate the Laminar-Turbulent transition process. Within the framework of equilibrium statistical mechanics, a profound comparison with Landau's phase transition theory was applied in symmetry breaking aspect to derive the evolution equation of this system phenomenologically. Comparison between theoretical prediction and experimental data is carried out. We concluded a considerably highly matched result, while some exceptions are viewed as the natural result that the experiment break through the up-limit of using equilibrium mechanics as a effective theory, namely breaking through the Arnold Tongue. Some extremely complex Non-equilibrium approaches was desired to solve this problem thoroughly in the future. So our method could be viewed as a linear approximation of this theoretical framework.
Possibilities of Therapeutic and Prophylactic Tactics in Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Rashidov Z. R. , Mukhtаrov Sh. T. , Аzimov S. I.
Published: August 2021

The objective: to assess the severity of symptoms of urinary dysfunction in tuberculosis patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and determine the effectiveness of comprehensive therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at their elimination as well as the possibility of their combination with anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Subjects and Methods. 447 men with various localizations of tuberculosis at the age from 20 to 96 years old were examined. The questionnaire we used included questions regarding lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary tract infection, involuntary urination, and male genital disorders. The assessment involved comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluation, including objective examination, laboratory and echographic tests of genitourinary organs.

Results. According to assessment results, among 447 male tuberculosis patients, 88 (19.7%) were diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia which indicated a large proportion of older men with various forms of tuberculosis. Analysis of the structure of tuberculosis clinical forms showed the highest frequency of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (51.1%) and bone and joint tuberculosis (26.1%). Medical treatment (tamsulosin 0.4 mg once a day for 3 months) in 66 patients was highly effective – up to 80.3%.
Comparative Assessment of Liver Function During the Intensive Phase of Treatment of Respiratory Tuberculosis Patients Treated with First Line and Reserve Drugs
Authors: Vаniev E. V. , Kuzminа N. V. , Vаsilyevа I. А.
Published: August 2021

The objective: to compare liver function of respiratory tuberculosis patients during the intensive phase of treatment with first line drugs (chemotherapy regimen 1) and reserve drugs (chemotherapy regimens 4 and 5).

Subjects and Methods: Data of 144 respiratory tuberculosis patients were analyzed, those patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 67 patients receiving chemotherapy regimen 1 and Group 2 included 77 patients treated with chemotherapy regimens 4 or 5. During the first 3 months of treatment, the frequency and severity of changes in the liver function were assessed.

Conclusion: in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, parenchymal liver damage is more frequent and it improves slower. Transaminase levels returned to normal levels more frequently and rapidly with chemotherapy regimen 1, whereas with chemotherapy regimens 4 and 5, reduction of alanine aminotransferase level was observed only from the 2nd month of treatment.
Deferoxamine’s Influence on Iron Metabolism, the Rheological Properties of Blood, Endothelial Dysfunction in an Experimental Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Orlov Yuriy Petrovich , Govorova N. V. , Kolyadko A. V.
Published: August 2021

Objectives. Prevention of violations of microcirculation should take into account the massive entry of hemolysis products into the bloodstream and the related subsequent activation of free radical oxidation. Results. By simulating ischemia/reperfusion on rats we demonstrated the positive effect of deferoxamine on iron metabolism parameters (higher levels of transferrin, less ferritin and free iron, which received the drug group), also observed a decrease in the concentration of von Willebrand factor, as a measure of endothelial dysfunction. Blood viscosity parameters in the deferoxamine group was the closest to the control group parameters. Conclusion. Thus, we can conclude about the positive effect of deferoxamine on the parameters of iron metabolism, microcirculation and blood rheology in critical conditions involving ischemia/reperfusion.
Clinical Parallels of the Tactics of Volemic Resuscitation and Nutritional Support with the Outcomes of Severe Thermal Burns in Children
Authors: Botvina K. S. , Pyshmintseva N. P. , Shen Natalia P. , Sayfitdinov Yu.Kh. , Suchkov D. V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. In the article are studied the demographic, tactical and prognostic aspects of burn disease in children for the purpose of the development of the important clinical parallels, including of the mechanisms, which start the multiple organ system dysfunction, infectious complications and death. Results. The results of a study showed that prevalence and the depth of defeat does not be determining for the possibility to master nourishment and it must not become the factor, which impedes the beginning of nutritional support within maximally early periods. Conclusion. The authors also established that the positive fluid balance administered for the first three days of ICU in children with the severe burns is not the predictor of complications or lethal outcome, which separates this population of patients from the number of majority of the patients, in whom the so-called Fluid overload is the independent factor of the risk of complications and lethal outcome.
Evaluation Effective Low-Volume Cardioplegia By «Custodiol» Solution
Authors: Istomin T. A. , Kurapeev Iliya S.
Published: August 2021

Objectives. The study presents the results of quality assessment of antiischemic myocardial protection by low-volume method of cardioplegia by Custodiol solution during operations with cardiopulmonary bypass. Material and Methods. The study involved 57 patients who underwent different cardiosurgery operations with cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the volume of cardioplegic solution. Research group (group 1) consists of 33 patients who were administered Custodiol in low volume limited by 1000 ml. The control group (group 2) consists of 24 patients who were administered standart volume of the solution corresponding to the manufacturer’s instructions: 1 ml per 1 g of myocardial mass during 6–8 minutes. Results. The volume of Custodiol administered per 1 kg of body weight was 12.7 ± 2.0 and 22.7 ± 4 ml and 4.0 ± 1.3 and 6.3 ± 1.9 ml per 1 g of myocardial mass in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.001). The frequency of catecholamines usage, temporary cardiac pacing and other adverse events with a small-volume cardioplegia technique with Custodiol solution did not differ significantly. The results has indicated that the use of low volume of cardioplegic Custodiol in a single administration manner provides a complete antiischemic protection of the myocardium during the correction of valvular heart disease, including combination with coronary artery bypass grafting. Conclusion. Usage of low volume Custodiol solution method does not increase the need of inotropic and vasopressor usage and pacing time.
Volumetric Compressive Oscillometry for Cardiac Output Evaluation
Authors: Mazurok Vadim A.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The study discusses different techniques proposed for cardiac output assessment. One of them is a non-invasive volumetric compressive oscillometry (VCO). VCO bases on measurements of the blood volume change under an inflatable cuff around an extremity. VCO determines blood pressure by recording the volumetric arterial oscillograms allowing speed and character of pulse-wave increase and decrease evaluation, and judgment about heart pump condition and vascular walls elasticity. Objectives. To compare the heart pump capacity determined by two different techniques: classical pre-pulmonary thermodilution and VCO. Materials and methods. Seven intensive care unit patients in early postoperative periods after open-heart surgery were included. Two hundreds parallel measurements of cardiac output (CO) performed during several days. One hundred by the pre-pulmonary thermodilution techniques with catheter Swan-Ganz in pulmonary artery (CareScape monitor B850, GE Healthcare), and one hundred by the VCO (Multimodal monitor 6-03, Triton, Russia). The data showed as CO and cardiac index (CI) — CO divided by the body surface area. For statistical analysis calculated mean error, received data displayed by Bland—Altman plot. Results. CO and CI figures were found to be comparable: 5.41 ± 0.12 & 5.33 ± 0.13 l∙min–1, and 2.93 ± 0.13 & 2.92 ± 0.94 l∙min–1∙м–2, correspondingly. Mean error for CO and CI was about 10 %. VCO overvaluation of CO and CI relatively to thermodilution was 11.1 ± 1.2 & 9.6 ± 1.1 %; undervaluation — 10.8 ± 1.3 & 12.1 ± 1.3 %, correspondingly. Conclusion. Volumetric compressive oscillometry can be safely used for CO measurement in cardio-surgical patients. Researcher should keep in mind limitations of any technique based on the pulse-way analysis.
Critical and Respiratory Care Medicine Needs a Humanitarian Culture
Authors: Zilber Anatoly P.
Published: August 2021

The Humanitarian culture specificity is discussed in critical care medicine as well as in the divisions of the critical care medicine: intensive care, anesthesiology, reanimatology, emergency and disaster medicine. The role of humanitarian culture and a humour are emphasized in burnout syndrome prevention.
Modern Possibilities of Safe Use of Dexmedetomidine in Premedication for Endoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Kitiashvili Irakliy Z. , Kireev V. Yu. , Сhukarev S. V. , Kitiashvili D. I. , Salo A. A. , Timirbulatov I. I.
Published: August 2021

Objectives. To assess the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine as part of a premedication protocol for elective laparoscopic surgery. Study design. This was a prospective, comparative, randomized study. Materials and methods. Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 70) were divided into two groups. In Group I (n = 32) patients were given dexmedetomidine as a 1-hour intravenous infusion (4.0 μg/mL; 1.0 μg/kg/h) before anesthesia induction. In Group II (n = 38) patients received diazepam (10 mg) as an intramuscular injection 30 minutes before anesthesia induction. The following clinical and laboratory parameters were monitored during the perioperative period: peripheral hemodynamics, respiratory rate, saturation levels, arterial blood gases and acid-base status, serum glucose and cortisol. Time to post-anesthesia recovery was also evaluated. Results. Monitoring of the parameters of peripheral hemodynamics, saturation levels, glycemia, arterial blood gases and acid-base status did not reveal any significant differences between the groups. In Group I, the following parameters differed from those in Group II with a significance level p < 0.05: time to full emergence (4.1 ± 1.1 vs. 12.2 ± 1.2 min), frequency of nausea and vomiting (2.6 % vs. 37.5 %), and frequency of chills and shivering (5.3 % vs. 46.9 %). Conclusion. Premedication with infusion of dexmedetomidine has no effect on hemodynamics or gas exchange, provides good protection from stress, and ensures earlier emergence than conventional premedication with diazepam.
State Anxiety Assessment in Clinical Practice
Authors: Bragin Dmitrii , Astakhov A. A. , Turchaninov A. U.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. STAI scales are widely used to measure anxiety levels. Objectives. Preoperative quantitation of anxiety levels might be useful for more sensible premedication choice. Material and Methods. We demonstrate the adjustment of STAI-6 scale to the Russian settings; this scale is more convenient for anxiety assessment in clinical environment. The adjusted scale is based on English STAI-6 developed for state anxiety levels screening. Results. During the study (psychometric capability of the scale has been studied in a surgery department) the current validity and sensitivity of the adjusted scale as well as correlation between prorated scores of the adjusted and full scales have been evaluated. The findings have revealed an acceptable correlation between results of the adjusted and full scales and a sufficient adjusted scale sensitivity to distinguish anxiety levels have been confirmed. The adjusted scale has the structure of the full scale with anxiety-present and anxiety-absent items as well as psychometric properties. Conclusion. Thus, the adjusted scale can be applied for state anxiety screening in situations when the lack of time makes the full-length scale usage difficult.
Late time physics of holographic quantum chaos
Authors: Altland Alexander , Sonner Julian
Published: August 2021

Quantum chaotic systems are often defined via the assertion that
their spectral statistics coincides with, or is well approximated by,
random matrix theory. In this paper we explain how the universal content
of random matrix theory emerges as the consequence of a simple
symmetry-breaking principle and its associated Goldstone modes. This
allows us to write down an effective-field theory (EFT) description of
quantum chaotic systems, which is able to control the level statistics
up to an accuracy {O} \left(e^{-S} \right)O(e−S)
with SS
the entropy. We explain how the EFT description emerges from explicit
ensembles, using the example of a matrix model with arbitrary invariant
potential, but also when and how it applies to individual quantum
systems, without reference to an ensemble. Within AdS/CFT this gives a
general framework to express correlations between ``different
universes’’ and we explicitly demonstrate the bulk realization of the
EFT in minimal string theory where the Goldstone modes are bound states
of strings stretching between bulk spectral branes. We discuss the
construction of the EFT of quantum chaos also in higher dimensional
field theories, as applicable for example for higher-dimensional AdS/CFT
dual pairs.
A map of South Africa’s perennial rivers. Non-perennial rivers are indicated by red dashed lines
Authors: Mantel Sukhmani
Published: August 2021

Maps can bridge gaps between citizens, scientists and policymakers - article in The Conversation

Maps can be many things: colourful, or dull; complex, or very simple; helpful, or very difficult to read. They also have the potential to support the public’s knowledge of environmental and social issues, and to lay out paths towards behavioural changes and conservation consciousness.
BABÜRLÜ DEVLETİ’NDE İKTİDARA YÖN VEREN ŞEHİRLER: BAŞKENTLER
Authors: KUŞ BÜYÜKTAŞ Canan
Published: August 2021

Hindistan’da 1526’da kurulan Babürlü Devleti’nde zaman zaman siyasi, iktisadi ve sosyal nedenlerden dolayı başkent değişikliğine gidilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Agra, Delhi, Fetihpur Sikri ve Lahor şehirleri farklı zamanlarda başkentlik görevini üstlenmişlerdir. Ancak; başkent değişikliği ya da taşınması durumunda, daha önce başkent olan şehrin yıldızı hiçbir zaman sönmemiş, canlılığı devam etmiştir. Çünkü Agra ve Delhi ticari anlamda cazibe merkezleri olmanın yanı sıra kadim tarih üzerine inşa edilmişlerdir. Fetihpur Sikri, dinî ve ruhanî şahsiyetlere ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Lahor ise jeostratejik konumu ile askerî açıdan önem arz etmenin yanı sıra kara ticaretini Hindistan’ın diğer bölgelerine bağlayan önemli bir kavşak olma görevini üstlenmiştir. Babürlü Devleti’nde başkent olan şehirleri konu alan bu çalışmanın zaman sınırlılığını 1526 ila 1707 yılları arasındaki kesit oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada yararlanılan kaynaklar ise Vekayi (Baburname), Ekbername ve Tüzik-i Cihangiri (Cihangirname) gibi Babürlü padişahlarının ya da yakınlarının kaleme aldığı kaynaklar ile Hindistan’a giden Bernier ve Tavernier gibi seyyah ve tüccarların izlenimlerinin yer aldığı hatırat ve raporlardır. Ayrıca Hindistan ve Babürlü şehir tarihi araştırmalarını konu alan güncel literatürden de faydalanılmıştır.
Migraciones antillanas: trabajo, desigualdad y xenofobia
Authors: Zanetti Lecuona Oscar , Naranjo Orovio Consuelo , Elías-Caro Jorge Enrique , Senior Angulo Diana , Martínez Yesenia , Rosario Reina , Correa Restrepo Juan Santiago , Audebert Cédric
Published: August 2021

El libro Migraciones antillanas: trabajo, desigualdad y xenofobia, recoge estudios de la diáspora de trabajadores antillanos procedentes de Haití y de las Antillas británicas en el Gran Caribe durante los siglos XIX y XX. Los casos analizados remiten a la correlación entre crecimiento económico y la inmigración. El desarrollo de las industrias azucarera, bananera, del cacao o del café desde la década de 1880, y la construcción del Canal de Panamá, carreteras o vías férreas, requirieron una gran masa de fuerza laboral que provino de países marcados por un estancamiento económico, bajos salarios, escasez de recursos o de tierras, altos precios de productos de primera necesidad, desempleo, superpoblación y crisis políticas. Así mismo, los ensayos del libro analizan las dinámicas raciales en las sociedades postesclavistas, la relación entre clase, raza y género, y la construcción de discursos identitarios y xenófobos en los que estos trabajadores fueron identificados con distintos nombres, yumecas en Colombia, cocolos en República Dominicana, tórtolos en Puerto Rico o negros de habla inglesa en Honduras. Desde mediados del siglo XIX la diáspora antillana comenzó a desplazarse por distintos países donde se crearon comunidades diaspóricas y transnacionales. República Dominicana, Panamá, Cuba, Costa Rica, Honduras, Colombia, Venezuela, Estados Unidos… fueron varios de los países que contrataron esta fuerza laboral cuyo trabajo fue fundamental para la expansión de sus economías.
Koncepcja ludzkiej duszy i problem animacji w systemie filozoficznym Eriugeny
Authors: Grzegorzyca Adam
Published: August 2021

Rozważania nad ludzkim życiem prowadziły często do wniosku, że w człowieku istnieje pierwiastek życia, który nazwano duszą. Koncepcję człowieka, złożonego z duszy i ciała, przyjęły różne religie i systemy filozoficzne. Z tej koncepcji wynika problem animacji duszy, czyli próba określenia momentu, w którym dusza łączy się z ciałem, tworząc człowieka. W tym kontekście pojawia się również kwestia pochodzenia ludzkiej duszy. Na pytania o pochodzenie duszy i moment jej syntezy z materią ciała w ludzkiej matce proponowano w historii filozofii różne odpowiedzi. W systemie filozoficznym Eriugeny człowiek jest bytem, złożonym z duszy i ciała. Dusza jest istotą człowieka. Istotą duszy jest intelekt. Przejawem aktywności intelektu jest ludzki rozum. Istnienie duszy powoduje, że człowiek odkrywa, iż został stworzony do poznawania niepoznawalnego, własnego intelektu i Boga. Ludzka dusza istnieje przed powstaniem ciała człowieka. Każdy człowiek od chwili poczęcia posiada duszę, a moment zejścia duszy w materię ciała wymyka się ludzkiemu poznaniu. Ten moment jest tajemnicą Stwórcy.

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Zgłoszono: 07/08/2020. Zrecenzowano: 11/10/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 24/03/2021
THE INFLUENCE OF TAURINE-CONTAINING MEDICINE «KRATAL» ON METABOLIC SYNDROME DEVELOPMENT INDUCED BY HIGH FAT DIET
Authors: Zvyagina T. S. , Gorbenko Nataliia , Borikov Oleksii , Shalamay A. S.
Published: August 2021

It has been established that taurine-containing preparation «Kratal» suppresses developmentof insulin-resistance, glucose intolerance, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, oxidative stressand endothelial dysfunction. In male-rats with insulin-resistance induced by high fat diet ﬁndingresults have been based expediency of widening of spectrum of preparation «Kratal» applicationfor cardiovascular pathologies attenuation under metabolic syndrome conditions and type 2 diabetesmellitus prophylaxis in persons from risk group.
Reminiscencia y Variables Adaptativas en Personas Mayores
Authors: Martínez-Callado María Dolores , Pinazo-Hernandis Sacramento , Sales-Galán Alicia , Pinazo-Clapés Carol
Published: August 2021

Objetivo. El propósito de esta revisión es conocer y resumir la evidencia sobre la efectividad de la Terapia de Reminiscencia en diferentes variables adaptativas, publicada en revistas científicas en los últimos 5 años. Método. La búsqueda de información relevante se realizó a partir de las bases de datos Web of Science, Current Contents Connect, Derwent Innovations Index, KCI-Korean Journal Database, Medline y Russina Science Index, y Google Scholar. Tras una primera búsqueda de 1689 estudios, se revisan finalmente 13 estudios que seguían los criterios de diseño marcados por los investigadores. Resultados. Los resultados nos muestran que la mayor parte de las investigaciones se realizan en comunidad. Las variables más contempladas son la calidad de vida y el bienestar psicológico. Además, la Terapia de Reminiscencia conecta las experiencias pasadas de las personas mayores, permitiéndoles relatar y compartir sus historias de vida, obtener apoyo emocional y aliviar las emociones negativas, la depresión y la soledad. Conclusiones. Las funciones de la Reminiscencia son relevantes en la vejez. Este trabajo podría ser relevante para motivar la investigación y la intervención sobre el tema de la Reminiscencia y sus beneficios potenciales al mejorar la ansiedad, síntomas depresivos, habilidades cognitivas, bienestar psicológico, satisfacción vital, calidad de vida, compromiso social, capacidad adaptativa, resiliencia, y significado de vida, favoreciendo la integridad y obteniéndose, además, beneficios positivos para la salud en personas mayores.
Percepción del Miedo al Delito Mediante el Diseño Ambiental: Enfoque Microescala
Authors: Arévalo-García Nataly Alejandra , García-Pazmiño Mercedes Angélica
Published: August 2021

Este estudio afina la evaluación de la percepción del Miedo al Delito (MAD) con sus aspectos (in)tangibles usando la metodología de Prevención del Delito Mediante el Diseño Ambiental (CPTED por sus siglas en inglés). Para ello, se construyó un enfoque microescala basado en la disciplina de Psicología Ambiental y se aplicó en un caso de estudio universitario en Quito, Ecuador. La metodología es cuantitativa, de alcance descriptivo y corte transversal. La muestra no probabilística de 320 estudiantes universitarios utilizó un método participativo móvil y un cuestionario de victimización. De allí, se sientan bases para el desarrollo teórico-práctico CPTED.
Using Living Labs to Explore Needs and Solutions for Older Adults With Dementia: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Verloo Henk , Lorette Adrien , Rosselet Amoussou Joëlle , Gillès de Pélichy Estelle , Matos Queirós Alcina , von Gunten Armin , Perruchoud Elodie
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Numerous living labs have established a new approach for studying the health, independent living, and well-being of older adults with dementia. Living labs interact with a broad set of stakeholders, including students, academic institutions, private companies, health care organizations, and patient representative bodies and even with other living labs. Hence, it is crucial to identify the types of cocreations that should be attempted and how they can be facilitated through living labs.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to scope publications that examine all types of living lab activities, exploring the needs and expectations of older adults with dementia and seeking solutions, whether they live in the community or long-term health care facilities (LTHFs).

METHODS

This scoping review was reported according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) recommendations for the extension of scoping reviews. We searched six bibliographic databases for publications up to March 2020, and a forward-backward citation chasing was performed. Additional searches were conducted using Google Scholar. The quality of the selected papers was assessed.

RESULTS

Of the 5609 articles identified, we read 58 (1.03%) articles and retained 12 (0.21%) articles for inclusion and final analysis. All 12 articles presented an innovative product, developed in 4 main living labs, to assist older adults with cognitive disorders or dementia living in the community or LTHFs. The objectives of these studies were to optimize health, quality of life, independent living, home care, and safety of older adults with cognitive disorders or dementia, as well as to support professional and family caregivers or reduce their burdens. The overall methodological quality of the studies ranged from poor to moderate.

CONCLUSIONS

This scoping review identified several living labs playing a pivotal role in research aimed at older adults with dementia living in the community or LTHFs. However, it also revealed that living labs should conduct more better-quality interventional research to prove the effectiveness of their technological products or service solutions.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2147/SHTT.S233130