bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) modulates macrophage proliferation and apoptosis through the STAT1 signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Youming , Li Sujing , Teng Yan , Ding Xiaoxia , Xu Danfeng , Yang Xianhong , Yu Yong , Fan Yibin
Published: January 2025

cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a crucial opportunistic fungus that possesses an encapsulated fungal pathogen. The cryptococcal capsule is mainly composed of the polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). Macrophages form the first‐line innate defense against cryptococcosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, GXM‐treated RAW264.7 macrophages showed a notably reduced survival rate and increased apoptosis, accompanied by the promoted inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) expression was also found to be directly proportional to GXM concentration; STAT1 knockdown could alleviate GXM‐induced proliferation decrease and apoptosis increase of macrophages, as well as reduce M1 polarization, iNOS expression and NO release. In conclusion, this study concluded that GXM was the main virulence factor of C. neoformans, which is critical in determining the mechanism of GXM‐mediated protective immune response postinfection. The STAT1 signal pathway mediates the effect of GXM stimulation on macrophages, potentially providing a reference for further understanding the biological role of GXM.
Catheterization Techniques for Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Arteries
Authors: Fretay Xavier Halna du , Boudvillain Olivier , Koutsoukis Athanasios , Degrell Philippe , Dupouy Patrick , Aubry Pierre
Published: January 2025

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is a rare congenital anomaly with a large spectrum of anatomical variations. Selective engagement of an AAOCA can present challenges during cardiac catheterization. A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of major AAOCA can effectively assist operators for selecting and maneuvering catheters. This review outlines the recommended catheter manipulations based on the site of ectopic coronary origin. Identifying the initial course (prepulmonic, subpulmonic, interarterial or retroaortic course) is crucial for classifying each AAOCA. Besides invasive coronary angiography, coronary computed tomography angiography is frequently utilized to enhance the diagnostic assessment. Cardiac catheterization enables the use of intracoronary imaging and physiologic tools for accurately assessing the significance of AAOCA identified as at risk, mainly the anomalies associated with an interarterial course. Intravascular ultrasound is recognized as the gold standard for analyzing AAOCA with interarterial course. Optical tomography coherence imaging can be interesting to evaluate the rare AAOCA with a subpulmonic course, which are associated with ischemic symptoms or myocardial ischemia. Invasive physiological indices using pressure wires can be employed, with the caveat that their threshold values remain uncertain. Decision‐making can be challenging for patients with AAOCA. Both non‐invasive and invasive imaging tools are essential to support the final choice.
High Performance Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor Based on Graphene‐Tin Pyrophosphate Nanocomposite Anode
Authors: Moreno‐Fernández Gelines , Granados‐Moreno Miguel , Carriazo Daniel
Published: January 2025

The development of alternative energy storage technologies such as sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors, which do not rely on critical raw materials such as cobalt or nickel, for the replacement of conventional lithium‐ion batteries for some niche applications, is extremely important to successfully achieve a sustainable development in our planet. In this work, we introduce a novel sodium‐ion hybrid capacitor system formed by the combination of an optimized nanostructured composite material containing reduced graphene oxide and tin pyrophosphate as negative electrode, and a high specific surface area graphene‐carbon composite as positive electrode. The electrochemical performance of each material has been individually evaluated using NaPF6 in EC/DMC as electrolyte, showing impressive specific capacity values above 100 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1, for both faradaic and capacitive‐type electrodes. The integration of the electrodes in an optimized full cell with anode‐to‐cathode mass balance of 1.5 : 1, enabled stable full cells that can provide energy densities of almost 60 Wh kg−1 at 3,000 W kg−1, showcasing the potential of these type of materials in the design of next generation energy storage systems.
Inorganic Solid‐State Electrolytes for Solid‐State Sodium Batteries: Electrolyte Design and Interfacial Challenges
Authors: Lee Dongsoo , Kumar Kakarla Ashok , Sun Seho , Joohyun Kim Patrick , Choi Junghyun
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs), achieving sodium (Na)‐ion conductivities exceeding 10 ‐2 S cm‐1 at room temperature (RT), have generated significant interest in the development of solid‐state sodium batteries (SSSBs). However, the ISEs face challenges such as their limited electrochemical stability windows (ESWs) and compatibility issues with high‐capacity, high‐voltage cathode materials and Na metal anodes. The success of high‐performance SSSBs hinges on developing ideal ISEs that deliver high Na+ ion conductivities, robust chemical and electrochemical stability, and well constructed electrode/ISE interfaces. This review explores the fundamental principles and strategies to optimize SSSB performance by addressing issues related to ISEs and their interfaces, emphasizing that many interfacial challenges are intrinsically linked to ISE properties. It highlights recent advancements in ISE research, including the mechanisms of Na‐ion conduction and the key factors influencing it, such as crystal structure, lattice dynamics, point defects, and grain boundaries. It also discusses prototyping strategies for cell design from the perspectives of material and defect chemistry. Additionally, the review identifies key challenges and future opportunities for advancing SSSBs and provides rational solutions to guide future research toward the practical realization of high‐performance SSSBs.

Keywords: Solid‐state sodium batteries; Inorganic solid electrolytes; Interfacial mechanism; Electrochemical stability window; Ionic conductivity; Modification strategies
Oxidative Neutralisation of Sulfur‐based Chemical Warfare Agents Mediated by a Lipase: from Batch to Flow Reactor
Authors: Legros Julien , Boddaert Maxime , Baptista da Silva Valmir , Mansour Sergui , Vuluga Daniela , Renard Pierre-Yves , Monbaliu Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2025

The sulfur‐containing chemical warfare agents sulfur mustard HD and nerve agent VX are highly toxic and persistent in the environment. Therefore, their neutralisation requires harsh oxidation conditions, but also precise selectivity. Here we report the safe and effective detoxification of surrogates CEES and PhX by selective oxidation of the sulfur atom by generating peracetic acid from AcOEt and aq. H2O2 assisted by the supported lipase CALB. Morever, it is possible to perform these neutralisations with safe ‘on demand’ generation of AcOOH in a flow system by using a packed bed reactor containing the supported biocatalyst.
Quinizarin Gold(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with Synergistic Activity Against Anthracycline‐Resistant Leukaemia Cells: Synthesis and Biological Activity Studies
Authors: Steinbrueck Axel , Reback Matthew L. , Rumancev Christoph , Siegmund Daniel , Garrevoet Jan , Falkenberg Gerald , Rosenhahn Axel , Prokop Aram , Metzler‐Nolte Nils
Published: January 2025

New, asymmetric quinizarin‐Au(I)‐NHC complexes were designed, isolated, and fully characterised including by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Cytotoxicity studies showed effective growth inhibition in HeLa cervical cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 2.4 μM to 5.3 μM. The successful cellular uptake was evidenced by X‐ray fluorescence imaging on cryo‐preserved whole HeLa cells and the sub‐cellular localisation was monitored by live‐cell fluorescence microscopy. Notably, complex 2 b showed circumvention of acquired anthracycline resistance in K562 leukaemia cells as well as synergistic activity with doxorubicin against both wild‐type and anthracycline‐resistant Nalm‐6 leukaemia cells. Interestingly, sub‐cellular localisation towards mitochondria proved to be more important than the compounds’ overall cytotoxicity for potent antiproliferative activity and to achieve effective resistance circumvention.
Single‐Molecule Tracking and Super‐Resolution Microscopy Unveil Actin‐Driven Membrane Nanotopography Shaping Stable Integrin Adhesions in Developing Tissue
Authors: Chen Tianchi , Fernández‐Espartero Cecilia H , Giannone Grégory
Published: January 2025

Single molecule tracking and super‐resolution microscopy of integrin adhesion proteins and actin in developing Drosophila muscle attachment sites reveals that nanotopography triggered by Arp2/3‐dependent actin protrusions promotes stable adhesion formation. The nanodomains formed during this process confine the diffusion of integrins and promote their immobilization. Spatial confinement is also applied to the motion of actin filaments, resulting in enhanced mechanical connection with the integrin adhesion complex. Fabricated nano‐structured surfaces mimicking the nanotopography observed in living tissue are able to recapitulate the formation of these adhesions in isolated muscle cells and the confinement of integrin diffusion. These results emphasize the importance of geometrical regulation of tissue morphogenesis at a single molecule level.
Trends of Publication of Negative Trials Over Time
Authors: Laviolle Bruno , Locher Clara , Allain Jean‐Sébastien , Le Cornu Quentin , Charpentier Pierre , Lefebvre Marie , Le Pape Clémence , Leven Cyril , Palpacuer Clément , Pontoizeau Clémence , Bellissant Eric , Naudet Florian
Published: January 2025

Studies with negative results are less likely to be published than others, potentially leading to publication bias. Introduced in 2000, trial registration could have participated in decreasing the proportion of unpublished studies. We assessed the proportion of negative randomized controlled trials (RCT) over the last 20 years. We searched Medline for RCT published in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 in the British Medical Journal, the Journal of the American Medical Association, the Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine. The primary endpoint was the proportion of negative (final comparison on the primary study‐endpoint without statistical significance or favoring the control arm) studies published in 2000 and 2020. Factors independently associated with the publication of negative studies were identified using multivariable analysis. A total of 1,542 studies were included. The proportion of negative RCT significantly increased between 2000 and 2020 (from 27.6% to 37.4%; P = 0.01), however, the trend over time was not significant (P = 0.203). In multivariable analysis, the following factors were associated with a higher proportion of published negative studies: superiority (P < 0.001), two‐group trials (P < 0.001), number of patients ≥510 (P < 0.001), cardiology trials (P = 0.003), emergency/critical care trials (P < 0.001), obstetrics trials (P = 0.032), surgery trials (P = 0.006), pneumology trials (P = 0.029). Exclusive industry funding was associated with a lower proportion of published negative studies (P < 0.001). The proportion of published negative studies in 2020 was higher only when compared to 2000. During the two decades, no trend was noticeable. There is no clear relationship between trial registration and the publication of negative results over time.
Targeted C‐to‐T Base Editing in the Arabidopsis Plastid Genome
Authors: Nakazato Issei , Arimura Shin‐ichi
Published: January 2025

Arabidopsis thaliana, particularly the ecotype Columbia‐0 (Col‐0), has been extensively employed in the study of genetics of the nuclear genome. However, the difficulty of modifying the plastid genome of Col‐0, the most widely used ecotype, has hindered investigation of the functional interactions between nuclear‐encoded and plastid‐encoded genes in this ecotype. Recently, we achieved targeted base editing, substituting a specific C:G pair with a T:A pair in the plastid genome of Col‐0 through the application of genome‐editing technology. This article introduces the method employed to accomplish this targeted base editing. The process involves four steps: (i) designing and constructing a binary vector encoding the genome‐editing enzyme, (ii) introducing the binary vector into the nuclear genome of Col‐0 via floral dipping, (iii) identifying base‐edited plants, and (iv) verifying inheritance of the edited base(s) by the next generation. © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Design and construction of a binary vector encoding ptpTALECD or ptpTALECD_v2

Basic Protocol 2: Agrobacterium‐mediated introduction of a binary vector into the Arabidopsis nuclear genome

Basic Protocol 3: Selection of plants harboring T‐DNA in the nucleus and detection of base editing in the plastid genome
Recent advances in mitochondrial replacement therapy and its future expectations
Authors: Lyu Qifeng , Zou Weiwei , Huang Taosheng
Published: January 2025

The prevention of mitochondrial diseases is particularly important due to the lack of specific therapies. Therefore, mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) is expected to be a technology to prevent mitochondrial diseases. Admittedly, this technology sparked a lot of controversy and discussion. In this article, we review the recent advances in MRT, discuss its safety and ethical issues, and finally explore its potential to completely block the inheritance of mitochondrial diseases.
HS‐WOA: A Hybrid Metaheuristic Approach–Aided Multiobjective Constraints for Dual Cluster Head Selection in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Urooj Shabana , Rajesh Arunachalam , Tripathi Kuldeep Narayan , Damodaran Sukumaran , Arunachalam Karthikayen
Published: January 2025

Due to the user's convenience, wireless technology is more frequently used in the current era. The extensively utilized wireless technologies are the wireless sensor networks (WSN). Although WSNs have numerous advantages over traditional communication technologies, nevertheless, they struggle with issues such as low battery life, control overheads, scalability, data aggregation, throughput, and so on. A huge amount of nodes scattered around a specific target region make up a WSN. The WSN models are widely used for surveillance, cutting‐edge healthcare, and commercialized industrial automation. The WSN's energy efficiency needs to be improved because increased energy utilization limits the network's lifetime (LT). Therefore, an efficient dual CH selection mechanism in the WSN system by considering the challenges attained in the classical CH selection models has been developed. Hence, a novel and efficient dual CH routing mechanism is implemented and leads to improve the lifetime of WSNs. In the CH selection model, optimal paths are selected by the developed modified attack power‐based hybridization of sailfish and whale optimization (MAP‐HSWO). Further, the efficiency of the WSN is improved by focusing on objectives like delay, node degree, residual energy, throughput, intracluster and intercluster distance using MAP‐HSWO to compute the effectualness of the network. At last, several experiments are executed in the proposed dual CH selection method over the classical techniques to compute the efficiency of the network.
Water‐proofing mechanism of coupling structures observed in ladybird elytra and its bionic application
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yang Hao , Cai Jiannan , Shi Junhao , Zheng Yuquan , Rajabi Hamed , Zhao Jieliang , Wu Jianing
Published: January 2025

Ladybirds (Coccinella septempunctata) are adept at living in humid conditions as their elytra can effectively shield their bodies from raindrops. However, due to technical difficulties in examining the delicate structure, the understanding of the water‐proofing mechanism of the coupling structure and its impact on the dome‐like elytra response to the raindrops remain elusive. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we showed that the coupling structure on the ladybird elytra can ward off the raindrops traveling at a velocity of 6 m/s, which generates an impact force equivalent to 600 times the body weight. The waterproofing mechanism relies on the deformability of the elytra and their microstructures, which collectively impedes the formation of microchannels for liquids. The enhanced water‐proofing capabilities enabled by the coupling structures are validated through experimental testing on comparative 3D‐printed models, showing the effectiveness of these structures in improving water resistance. Subsequently, we showcased a water‐proofing device, which substantially improved the efficiency of solar panels in converting solar energy. This multidisciplinary study not only advances our understanding of the biomechanics of coupling systems in insects but also inspires the design of water‐proofing deployable structures.
Nutrition and Dietary Pattern Associated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Tzeng I‐Shiang , Su Wen‐Lin , Lee Yin‐Ying , Wu Jing‐Hui
Published: January 2025

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the world's most significant causes of illness and mortality. It is vital to identify modifiable risk factors for COPD prevention and therapy, and the scientific community has started to focus closely on nutrition as a crucial component of COPD management, from prevention to treatment. For the progression, and management of obstructive lung illnesses like asthma and COPD, diet and nutrition may be modifiable risk factors of COPD. This review examined the connection between dietary habits, nutrient consumption, and obstructive lung disorders. Additionally, this review highlights and summarizes the evidence from observational and clinical studies regarding the influence of nutrients and dietary habits on lung function and the onset, progression, and outcomes of COPD and lung disease. Regarding the advancement or prevention of COPD, supplemental nutrition has an impact on the onset, progression, and treatment of COPD. Better pulmonary function, less deterioration in lung function, and a lower risk of COPD linked to nutraceuticals, particularly those with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects, when combined with balancepatterns. Health providers may use an evidence‐based lifestyle approach to help counsel patients toward improved lung health if they are aware of the dietary implications of COPD.
Extension Advice, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security in Tanzania
Authors: Mugizi Francisco M. P.
Published: January 2025

Although agriculture is a major source of livelihood in Sub‐Saharan Africa, including Tanzania, agricultural productivity remains low. Access to extension services can play a significant role in raising agricultural productivity and improving smallholder farmers' welfare. This paper uses a recent National Agricultural Sample Survey 2019/2020 data to examine the effect of receiving extension advice for crop production on agricultural productivity and food security in Tanzania. It uses an instrumental variable technique, extended regression model, and endogenous switching regression model to address possible selection bias and endogeneity problems. The findings show that receiving extension advice has a strong positive effect on agricultural productivity. Investigating the potential mechanisms, the findings reveal that households who received extension advice for crop production were more likely to apply organic fertiliser, use improved seeds, practice irrigation, practice conservational farming, and applied more organic and inorganic fertiliser. We also find a significant correlation between access to extension advice and food security. Overall, the results highlight the role of extension advice in boosting agricultural productivity among smallholders and indirectly improving food security.
Forecasting Natural Gas Futures Prices Using Hybrid Machine Learning Models During Turbulent Market Conditions: The Case of the Russian–Ukraine Crisis
Authors: Nagula Pavan Kumar , Alexakis Christos
Published: January 2025

Recently, many researchers have shown keen interest in natural gas price prediction using machine learning and hybrid architectures. Our research forecasts natural gas future prices with different hybrid machine learning models using over a hundred technical indicators. The hybrid deep cross‐network model outperformed the single‐stage deep cross‐network regression and hybrid support vector machine models with 33% and 46% lower mean absolute error and 22% and 1.2 times better directional hit rate during 11 months of turbulent market circumstances due to the Russia–Ukraine crisis. The hybrid deep cross‐network model is 14, 5, and 6 times more profitable than the hybrid support vector machine, the benchmark passive buy‐and‐hold strategy, and the single‐stage deep cross‐network regression models. The hybrid deep cross‐network model is resilient during low‐ and high‐volatility periods. Deep cross‐network algorithm technical indicator interactions are more statistically significant than support vector machine polynomial kernel interactions. Energy traders and policymakers can exploit our findings.
Analyzing and Forecasting Container Throughput With a Hybrid Decomposition‐Reconstruction‐Ensemble Method: A Study of Two China Ports
Authors: Xiao Yi , Wu Sheng , He Chen , Hu Yi
Published: January 2025

Accurate container throughput forecasting is critical for enhancing port efficiency and ensuring global trade stability, particularly in the face of economic uncertainties, geopolitical tensions, and supply chain disruptions. Existing forecasting methods often struggle to model the nonlinear, nonstationary, and noise‐laden characteristics of throughput data, creating a clear gap in the ability to provide reliable predictions. To address this, we propose a novel hybrid model, VMD‐ISE‐TCNT, designed to tackle these challenges. The model employs variational mode decomposition (VMD) to decompose time series into intrinsic modes, with an improved signal energy (ISE) criterion automating the selection of optimal mode numbers. These modes are categorized into low‐ and high‐frequency components and forecasted separately using temporal convolutional networks (TCNs), leveraging their strength in capturing multiscale temporal dependencies. The Theil UII‐S loss function is integrated to enhance model robustness by prioritizing proportional accuracy and reducing outlier sensitivity. Empirical evaluations using 24 years of data from China's two largest container ports—Shanghai and Shenzhen—demonstrate the superior performance of the VMD‐ISE‐TCNT model compared to traditional and hybrid benchmarks. By addressing frequency‐specific patterns and automating key processes, this model provides a scalable and interpretable solution for advancing port operations and ensuring resilience in global trade.
Human Auditory–Motor Networks Show Frequency‐Specific Phase‐Based Coupling in Resting‐State MEG
Authors: Bedford Oscar , Noly‐Gandon Alix , Ara Alberto , Wiesman Alex I. , Albouy Philippe , Baillet Sylvain , Penhune Virginia , Zatorre Robert J.
Published: January 2025

Perception and production of music and speech rely on auditory–motor coupling, a mechanism which has been linked to temporally precise oscillatory coupling between auditory and motor regions of the human brain, particularly in the beta frequency band. Recently, brain imaging studies using magnetoencephalography (MEG) have also shown that accurate auditory temporal predictions specifically depend on phase coherence between auditory and motor cortical regions. However, it is not yet clear whether this tight oscillatory phase coupling is an intrinsic feature of the auditory–motor loop, or whether it is only elicited by task demands. Further, we do not know if phase synchrony is uniquely enhanced in the auditory–motor system compared to other sensorimotor modalities, or to which degree it is amplified by musical training. In order to resolve these questions, we measured the degree of phase locking between motor regions and auditory or visual areas in musicians and non‐musicians using resting‐state MEG. We derived phase locking values (PLVs) and phase transfer entropy (PTE) values from 90 healthy young participants. We observed significantly higher PLVs across all auditory–motor pairings compared to all visuomotor pairings in all frequency bands. The pairing with the highest degree of phase synchrony was right primary auditory cortex with right ventral premotor cortex, a connection which has been highlighted in previous literature on auditory–motor coupling. Additionally, we observed that auditory–motor and visuomotor PLVs were significantly higher across all structures in the right hemisphere, and we found the highest differences between auditory and visual PLVs in the theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. Last, we found that the theta and beta bands exhibited a preference for a motor‐to‐auditory PTE direction and that the alpha and gamma bands exhibited the opposite preference for an auditory‐to‐motor PTE direction. Taken together, these findings confirm our hypotheses that motor phase synchrony is significantly enhanced in auditory compared to visual cortical regions at rest, that these differences are highest across the theta‐beta spectrum of frequencies, and that there exist alternating information flow loops across auditory–motor structures as a function of frequency. In our view, this supports the existence of an intrinsic, time‐based coupling for low‐latency integration of sounds and movements which involves synchronized phasic activity between primary auditory cortex with motor and premotor cortical areas.
To Be or Not to Be Green? The Double‐Edged Sword of Pro‐Environmental Pressure in the Workplace
Authors: Yang Dan , Law Kenneth S. , Tang Guiyao
Published: January 2025

Contemporary organizations are paying greater attention to improving environmental sustainability. Recognizing the value of employee engagement in enhancing sustainability, organizations emphasize the involvement of employees in environmental protection. Academic literature and anecdotal evidence have suggested that employees may come to work with pressure to engage in pro‐environmental behavior (PEB). However, researchers have overlooked how employees experience pro‐environmental pressure, leaving fundamental questions unanswered in theory building. In this paper, we introduce the concept of pro‐environmental pressure and examine the broader functioning of pro‐environmental pressure at the individual level. Drawing on the transactional theory of stress, we elucidate how this pressure could be experienced as a double‐edged sword that induces both positive and negative responses from employees. We first develop a scale of pro‐environmental pressure and assess its psychometric properties. We then conduct a field study to test the theoretical model, arguing that individuals with different stress mindsets have divergent responses. Employees with a stress‐is‐enhancing mindset are likely to appraise pro‐environmental pressure as a challenge, whereas employees with a stress‐is‐debilitating mindset are likely to appraise it as a threat. Our findings reveal that pro‐environmental pressure could have both functional and dysfunctional implications depending on employee appraisals. When pro‐environmental pressure is appraised as a challenge, employees use a problem‐focused coping strategy and respond with positive behavioral reactions, including engagement in PEB and constructive green voice. However, when pro‐environmental pressure is appraised as a threat, employees use an emotion‐focused coping strategy and respond with negative behavioral reactions, including disengagement from PEB and destructive green voice. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Efficacy of Intravenous Versus Oral Administration of Levocarnitine in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Therapeutic Approaches to Renal Anemia
Authors: Rehman Sadia , Farhan Muhammad , Kumar Santosh , Sarfraz Muhammad Raza , Naveed Asma , Khan Muhammad Tassaduq , Huq Hiya
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

Carnitine deficiency contributes to various comorbidities in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. This study aims to assess the impact of levocarnitine supplementation on hematological and serum iron profile parameters, comparing the efficacy of oral versus intravenous (IV) administration in these patients.

Materials and Methods

This was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients undergoing MHD at the hemodialysis unit of our study center in Karachi, Pakistan. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the oral or IV groups. Patients in the oral group received levocarnitine tablets of 500 mg three times daily, while patients in the IV group received an IV bolus of levocarnitine at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, infused over 2–3 min directly into the IV line after each hemodialysis session. Both groups received intervention for a total of 24 weeks, and the final analysis included 49 patients from the oral group and 34 patients from the IV group.

Results

The study involved 83 patients with a mean age of 44.72 ± 8.77 years, with a balanced distribution of 41 males and 42 females. The IV group showed a significant improvement in hemoglobin levels (mean increase: 0.57 g/dL, p < 0.001) and hematocrit (mean increase: 3.83%, p = 0.001), while the oral group showed only slight, nonsignificant changes in hemoglobin (mean increase: 0.07 g/dL, p = 0.22). Serum iron profile parameters improved significantly in both groups, though the IV group demonstrated greater enhancements across all parameters. Hematological parameter analysis revealed significant post‐intervention differences in hemoglobin, MCH, and MCHC, favoring the IV group.

Conclusion

levocarnitine improves the hematological and iron profile in MHD patients. However, IV levocarnitine significantly more effective than oral administration. It notably improves hemoglobin, and enhances iron profile parameters.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05817799.
A Framework for Analysing Multi‐Timescales Evolution Patterns in Precipitation–Streamflow Relationship
Authors: Wu Jiefeng , Guan Tiesheng , Li Xuemei , Liu Wenyue , Tang Liushan , Yu Zihan , Wang Guoqing
Published: January 2025

The precipitation–streamflow relationship (PSR) is one of the most crucial aspects of hydrological process studies. Previous studies have analysed the changes of the PSR at specific timescales (e.g., annual or seasonal), overlooking the characteristics of the PSR across multiple timescales and the changes that occur over time. This study presented an integrated framework to address these issues from three perspective: the inconsistencies, the response sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation and the PSR across multiple oscillation periods. This study analysed monthly streamflow and precipitation data from three representative reaches located in the upper and middle sections of the Yellow River Basin from 1961 to 2021. The results indicate that the proposed integrated framework effectively reveals the evolving patterns of the PSR. The evolution patterns of PSR vary across different time scales. Notably, the inconsistencies in PSR variations in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River are significant and manifest differently across various timescales. These differences were particularly pronounced in the middle reaches when comparing the periods before and after 2000. The changes in PSR varied among different oscillation periods, and an examination of the resonant period variability revealed a shift from strong‐to‐weak resonance within the 32–64‐month period, followed by a weak‐to‐strong transition within the 128‐month period. This study has significantly enhanced our understanding of the evolution of the PSR and has provided valuable insights for effectively managing hydrological processes in a changing environment.
Evaluation of the Hybrid Air2stream Model for Simulating Daily Stream Temperature During Extreme Summer Heat Wave and Autumn Drought Conditions
Authors: Callahan Lilianne , Moore R. Dan
Published: January 2025

As climatic conditions change globally, so too will stream thermal regimes, with implications for water quality and habitat suitability for aquatic life. Stream temperature measurements are sparse in many regions, motivating the development of models that are able to extrapolate to past and future climatic conditions to support decision‐making for aquatic resource management. This study assesses the performance of air2stream, a hybrid, at‐a‐site stream temperature model that was developed to simplify the data requirements of process‐based models while maintaining their predictive performance. The air2stream model requires only time series of daily mean air temperature and stream discharge as input variables, and was calibrated for 23 streams in British Columbia, Canada, using data recorded at Water Survey of Canada gauging stations for the available periods of record up to 2020. Daily mean air temperature time series were interpolated to each monitoring site from the ERA‐5 gridded surface data product. Air2stream was validated with data from the years 2021 and 2022, which included an extreme summer heat wave and autumn drought conditions that fall outside the range of conditions observed during the calibration period. The validation results were compared to those of a set of linear mixed‐effects models with the same predictor variables, as well as a simplified version of air2stream that only uses air temperature as an input variable. The air2stream model produced higher errors during the extreme weather conditions compared to the calibration period, though its performance under extreme conditions overall remained superior to that of the statistical models and the simplified air2stream model. The results highlight the importance of representing hydrological and thermal processes and their seasonal variation in models for predicting stream temperature under changing climatic conditions.
Nitrogen and mowing height effects on grow‐in, thatch accumulation, and post‐harvest rooting of zoysiagrasses
Authors: McFadden Dani , Fry Jack , Kennelly Megan , Jugulam Mithila , Chandra Ambika
Published: January 2025

There is a need to investigate how cultural practices used during the establishment of zoysiagrasses (Zoysia Willd. species) from sprigs affects thatch accumulation during the critical establishment period and the post‐harvest health of this species. A field study was conducted in Olathe, KS, from 2021 to 2023 to evaluate how nitrogen (N) rates (77 kg N ha−1 or 175 kg N ha−1 year−1) and mowing height (1.9 or 3.8 cm height of cut beginning in the second year) influence turf quality, thatch accumulation prior to harvest, and post‐harvest root strength of newly sodded genotypes grown from sprigs. Average coverage from sprigs across three genotypes and two N levels were 27%, 7 weeks; 39%, 9 weeks; 64%, 11 weeks; 80%, 13 weeks; and 88%, 15 weeks. Higher levels of N and mowing at 3.8 cm also resulted in higher normalized difference vegetation index compared to low N and mowing at 1.9 cm. Average thatch accumulation depth across the three genotypes ranged from 10 to 17.9 mm. One was affected by mowing height, and others were not influenced by mowing height or nitrogen levels. Minor differences occurred among genotypes in rooting strength, ranging from 14.6 Newton (Expt. 1) to 153.3 Newton (Expt. 2) at 15 days and 157.6–263.3 Newton (both Expt. 2) 30 days after sod was laid. This experiment shows that genotype and mowing height can impact accumulation of thatch, but there were few differences among genotypes and cultural practices on rooting strength after sod was laid.
Comparison of Ceramic Bonding to Cobalt–Chromium, Zirconia and Nickel–Chromium Alloys Fabricated Using of Various Techniques
Authors: Daou Elie E. , Özcan Mutlu
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the ceramic bonding to cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) alloys fabricated by casting, milling, and additive manufacturing, compared with zirconia and nickel–chromium. One hundred specimens (N = 100), prepared with the dimensions of 25 × 3 × 0.5 mm3, were assigned to five groups (n = 20): presintered milled Co–Cr (Group M), additively manufactured Co–Cr (Group SLM), cast Co–Cr (Group C), presintered zirconia (Group Zi), and cast Ni–Cr (Group Ni). The bar specimens were prepared to receive porcelain on their central area (8 × 3 mm2) of one side of each alloy strip. Only half of the specimens from each group were exposed to thermocycling (5°C–55°C for 5000 times). All specimens were placed in a bending device. Specimen surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The bonding values between materials and the aging treatment effect groups were compared with two‐way ANOVA. Variances were compared using the Levene test, the Bonferroni adjustment was used for multiple pairwise comparisons. The shape (m) and scale (σ0) parameters of the two‐parameter Weibull distribution values were calculated. Thermocycling did not affect the results of all the groups tested (p = 0.237). Statistical difference was found between the Co–Cr groups, and between groups Ni and Zi when compared to groups C and SLM (p < 0.001). Ni had the lowest adhesion values and cast Co–Cr the highest. A statistical difference was found between the three Co–Cr groups (p < 0.001), with the highest ceramic adhesion found in Group C and the lowest found in Group M. All specimens from Groups M, C, and Ni showed adhesive failures, whereas mixed failures were observed in Groups Zi and SLM. The fit of the maximum‐likelihood line was a poor fit in the distribution of the aged SLM group (p < 0.010). Ceramic adhesion and failure types varied with the alloy choice and the manufacturing technique.
From Conflict to Prosperity: The Economic Impact of the Colombian Peace Agreements
Authors: Martin Mayoral Fernando , Lasso Carlos Andrés Rivera
Published: January 2025

The peace negotiations between the FARC‐EP and the Colombian government from 2013 to 2016 aimed to end years of violence, loss of life, destruction of infrastructure and social fragmentation. This study uses the synthetic control method to analyse the impact on Colombia's real GDP per capita growth, controlling for economic, demographic and institutional aspects. The main results show that since 2014, Colombia has experienced a higher growth rate than its synthetic counterpart, reflecting a permanent change in the expectations of economic agents since the beginning of the peace process.
Accuracy Analyses of FDTD Resonance Frequency Calculations for a Partially Dielectric‐Filled Cavity
Authors: Bişkin Osman S. , Saydam Talha , Aksoy Serkan
Published: January 2025

In this study, accuracy analyses of resonance frequency calculations for a three‐dimensional partially dielectric‐filled cavity are investigated by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The calculations are performed for low‐ and high‐contrast lossless dielectric materials. In order to excite multicavity modes, the cavity is driven by a Gaussian pulse source. The main error sources for the numerical resonance frequency calculations of the partially dielectric‐filled cavity are (i) applied technique for treatment of a dielectric interface between free space and material medium and (ii) numerical dispersion of the FDTD method. The effects of these errors are analyzed both in detail. A no averaging (without any averaging), a proper averaging technique for the low‐/high‐contrast case, and the dielectric functioning technique with three different distances of are applied for the treatment of dielectric interface. Additionally, four spatial resolutions of , , , and are used for the numerical dispersion analyses. The calculated results are compared with a semianalytical solution for the accuracy evaluations. Specially, in order to explain ordering of numerical errors for each case, a technique based on electromotor force calculation is proposed with good success. The computational advantages of the applied techniques are also shown over no averaging case.
Hyperparameter Optimized SVR Model Based on Particle Swarm Algorithm for RF Power Transistors
Authors: Gao Zhiwei , Liu Bo , Crupi Giovanni , Cai Jialin
Published: January 2025

A novel approach for optimizing the hyperparameters of a support vector regression (SVR) model is presented for radio frequency (RF) power transistors. In standard SVR models, hyperparameters are enhanced using grid search optimization (GSO), which can be inefficient. In this study, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is introduced as a method for optimizing hyperparameters in a SVR model that increases the model optimization efficiency significantly in comparison with GSO while maintaining a high level of performance. To verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the model, a 10‐W GaN power transistor produced by Wolfspeed is used. In comparison to the existing GSO‐SVR model, the proposed PSO‐SVR model demonstrates superior performance and efficiency.
Parenteral nutrition and bioelectrical impedance analysis estimated fat‐free mass in adult patients with chronic intestinal failure: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Korzilius Julia W. , Dumont Manon , Jager‐Wittenaar Harriët , Wanten Geert J. A. , Zweers‐ van Essen Heidi E. E.
Published: January 2025

Background

In patients with chronic intestinal failure, the content and type of parenteral nutrition are individually determined based on various factors, including body composition. In clinical practice, bioelectrical impedance analysis is used to assess body composition using standardized protocols. However, these protocols lack specific recommendations for patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Therefore, this study described the effect of parenteral nutrition infusion on fat‐free mass as evaluated by single‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Methods

We performed a descriptive cohort study using bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess adult patients with chronic intestinal failure receiving parenteral nutrition. Measurements were performed at baseline (before parenteral nutrition infusion) and 0, 1, 2, and 4 h after (usually) 18‐h parenteral nutrition infusion using hand‐to‐foot single‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (Bodystat 500). The primary outcome of fat‐free mass was calculated using the Kyle equation. A linear mixed model was used to compare baseline values with other time points. A difference of >1 kg in fat‐free mass compared with baseline was considered clinically relevant.

Results

Twenty patients (70% female) with a mean age of 58 (SD, 14) years and a median body mass index of 22.3 (IQR, 21.2–24.8) kg/m2 were included in the analysis. No significant change in fat‐free mass after parenteral nutrition infusion was observed, and 90% (69/77 measurements) of all fat‐free mass outcomes after parenteral nutrition infusion remained within the ≤1‐kg clinically relevant range.

Conclusion

This study found that parenteral nutrition infusion does not affect fat‐free mass estimation as assessed by hand‐to‐foot single‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Environmental history of Lake Mariout at the ‘Marea’/Philoxenite archeological site, northern Egypt, during the Hellenistic–early Islamic periods as seen by fossil diatoms
Authors: Zalat ABDELFATTAH A. , Derda Tomasz , Welc Fabian , Gwiazda Mariusz
Published: January 2025

Diatom analysis of sediments obtained from five cores drilled in Lake Mariout and the ‘Marea’/Philoxenite archeological site southwest of Alexandria, Egypt, allows us to reconstruct the lake's environmental history during the Hellenistic–early Islamic periods. The distribution pattern and the variation in relative abundance of recognized diatoms differentiated each core section into characteristic zones. These zones are interrupted by periods of poor preservation or non‐diatom deposition that coincide with fluctuating lake phases of freshwater flooding of the Nile during humid warm episodes and arid phases associated with a reduction in the Nile's water influx that provides Lake Mariout with fresh water. A rising water level of Lake Mariout is estimated from the great abundance of riverine, planktonic Aulacoseira species. A lowering of water level was linked to a high abundance of brackish water taxa and/or periods of non‐diatom deposition. Furthermore, the absence of diatoms at two intervals in Core 1 is associated with silty clay with an abundance of gypsum crystals which point to falling water lake levels with increasing temperature during dry periods. However, the intervals of poor preservation or no diatoms in other cores at ‘Marea’/Philoxenite are presumably related to the coarser nature of the sediment that indicate a major lake level lowstand, a high‐energy depositional environment together with increased salinity and alkalinity. By comparing the diatom data in the examined cores, it is clear that the Aulacoseira granulata assemblage zone is characteristic of the Roman and Byzantine periods, which reflects relatively rising water levels due to Nile water inflow via the Canopic Nile branch and thus the connection between the canal and lake during this time. Furthermore, the predominance of Aulacoseira granulata with some pollution‐tolerant taxa indicates extensive human occupation during the Roman–Byzantine periods, which is evidenced by increased nutrient concentration with higher input of humic substances due to human activities and their influence on the lake ecosystem.
Quasi‐Simultaneous and Automated Measurement of Primary Amines and Short‐Chain Aldehydes Emission by Dynamic SPME On‐Fiber Derivatization Coupled With a Flow‐Cell
Authors: Zou Jian , Duan Shuyu , Winniford Bill , Zhang DeGang
Published: January 2025

An automated method was developed to simultaneously measure primary amines and short‐chain aldehydes emission from foam and rubber samples in one experiment. The technique involved dynamic solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) on‐fiber derivatization coupled with a flow‐cell unit. The parameters of the dynamic SPME on‐fiber derivatization method were optimized, including SPME coating, derivatization agents loading temperature, loading time, and dynamic SPME extraction time. The linearity range for the four primary amines and three aldehydes ranged from 0.5 to 100 µg/m3 and 0.9 to 1050 µg/m3, respectively. The amines and aldehydes' quantitation limits (LOQ) were determined as 0.22–0.27 µg/m3 and 0.10–0.18 µg/m3, respectively. Compared to previous methods, this approach is efficient, labor‐saving, and allows researchers to concurrently analyze the emission trends of aldehydes and amines in one experiment.