bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectory optimization of a multi-tethered space robot on large spinning net structures
Authors: Saisutjarit Phongsatorn , Inamori Takaya
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the time optimal trajectory of the multi-tethered robot (MTR) on a large spinning net structures in microgravity environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The MTR is a small space robot that uses several tethers attached to the corner-fixed satellites of a spinning net platform. The transition of the MTR from a start point to any arbitrary designated points on the platform surface can be achieved by controlling the tethers’ length and tension simultaneously. Numerical analysis of trajectory optimization problem for the MTR is implemented using the pseudospectral (PS) method.

Findings

The globally time optimal trajectory for MTR on a free-end spinning net platform can be obtained through the PS method.

Research limitations/implications

The analysis in this paper is limited to a planar trajectory and the effects caused by attitude of the MTR will be neglected. To make the problem simple and to see the feasibility in the general case, in this paper, it is assumed there are no any limitations of mechanical hardware constraints such as the velocity limitation of the robot and tether length changing constraint, while only geometrical constraints are considered.

Practical implications

The optimal solution derived from numerical analysis can be used for a path planning, guidance and navigation control. This method can be used for more efficient on-orbit autonomous self-assembly system or extravehicular activities supports which using a tether-controlled robot.

Originality/value

This approach for a locomotion mechanism has the capability to solve problems of conventional crawling type robots on a loose net in microgravity.
Understanding community vulnerability to climate change and variability at a coastal municipality in southern Mozambique
Authors: Zacarias Daniel Augusta
Published: June 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to understand the vulnerability of community livelihoods (human, social, financial, natural and physical assets) at a coastal environment in southern Mozambique, considering the level of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to climate change.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted the sustainable livelihoods approach. Data were collected through distribution of a structured questionnaire to 476 randomly selected households at the municipality of Inhambane. The questionnaire assessed all capital assets, covering 14 indicators and 43 sub-indicators of vulnerability, derived from published literature.

Findings

Results indicate that overall community vulnerability is largely derived from the vulnerability of physical, financial and social capitals, illustrated by declared food shortage, low nutrition levels, weak social networks, high level of biomass utilization and lack of financial resources due to unemployment. These aspects largely influence the noticed reduced adaptive capacity of surveyed households.

Practical implications

The study identified the need to improve the overall process of natural resources appropriation and utilization and the improvement of the governance capacity at the local targeting infrastructure, community structure and networks and capacity building that might enhance community livelihoods in changing scenarios.

Originality/value

The study is a contribution to the overall understanding of how livelihoods are exposed to climate change and variability in coastal settings.
The establishment of strategic international and local partnerships through a Masters’ level degree in information technology
Authors: Holmner Marlene Amanda , Bothma Theo J.D.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The Department of Information Science at the University of Pretoria (UP), with funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, has, for the past six years, offered a fully funded specialized two-year coursework degree at Masters’ level in Information Technology (M.IT degree). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the technological and teaching methodologies as well as the unique advantages and challenges of collaboration between four partner institutions on two continents as well as local industry partners and local and international academic and public libraries, in offering a blended learning program to students from six different countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The contribution is based on a pragmatic and reflective analysis of the success of the strategic partnerships formed during the M.IT program. The data-gathering instrument used was a questionnaire containing open-ended questions.

Findings

Analysis of the comments shows that it is evident that faculty still prefer face-to-face classes. Furthermore, to experience an effective online blended learning, the technology would have to improve. The complicated levels of partnerships were important to provide the necessary expertise for this broad-based program. Lecturers from industries and libraries brought different perspectives based on their day-to-day work and practical experience and, through this, a level of reality as opposed to the theory that can be learnt from textbooks.

Originality/value

This is a descriptive analysis of the program and feedback of co-workers that has not been reported before.
Assessing current company reports according to the IIRC integrated reporting framework
Authors: Kılıç Merve , Kuzey Cemil
Published: June 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the adherence level of current company reports to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) integrated reporting framework through analysis of whether and to what extent those reports include the content elements of this framework. This study also aims to examine the impact of corporate sustainability characteristics on the adherence level of current company reports to the integrated reporting framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample for this research comprises the non-financial companies which were listed on Borsa Istanbul, the Turkish stock exchange, as of 31 December 2015. The authors constructed a disclosure index based on the content elements of the IIRC reporting framework. They then measured the integrated reporting disclosure score (IRS) of each company through a manual content analysis of its annual reports and stand-alone sustainability reports. To test the hypotheses, the authors performed a number of statistical analyses.

Findings

The authors determined that current company reports mainly present generic risks rather than company-specific; provide positive information while dismissing negative information; present financial and non-financial initiatives separately; lack a strategic focus; and include backward-looking information rather than forward-looking information. Consistent with the predictions, the authors found that the IRS is significantly and positively associated with sustainability reporting, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) adoption, sustainability index listing and the presence of a sustainability committee.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by enhancing the understanding of integrated reporting practices through the application of a checklist based upon the IIRC integrated reporting framework. Further, this study contributes to the literature by evaluating the impact of corporate sustainability characteristics on IRS.
Market efficiency and the global financial crisis: evidence from developed markets
Authors: Sabbaghi Omid , Sabbaghi Navid
Published: June 2018

Purpose

This study aims to provide one of the first empirical investigations of market efficiency for developed markets during the recent global financial crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) country indices as proxies for national stock markets, the study conducts a battery of econometric tests in assessing weak-form market efficiency for the developed markets.

Findings

The inferential outcomes are consistent among the different tests. Specifically, the study finds that the majority of developed markets are weak-form efficient while the USA is the sole equity market to be commonly diagnosed as weak-form inefficient across the different tests when using full period data spanning the January 2008-November 2011 period. However, when basing the analysis on one-year subsamples over the identical time period, this study fails to reject weak-form market efficiency for all of the developed markets and presents evidence consistent with the Adaptive Market Hypothesis as described by Urquhart and Hudson (2013). When applying technical analysis for the case of the USA over the full study period, the results indicate that the return predictabilities can be exploited for some horizon of variable length moving average (VMA) trading rules.

Originality/value

This study provides one of the first empirical investigations of market efficiency for developed markets during the recent global financial crisis using an extended set of econometric tests. The study contributes to the existing body of empirical research that formally assesses the impact of a financial crisis on stock market efficiency and underlines the significance and relevance of examining market efficiency through subsample analysis.
Applying the Taguchi parametric design to optimize the solder paste printing process and the quality loss function to define the specifications
Authors: Huang Chien-Yi
Published: June 2018

Purpose

This research aims to study the stencil printing process of the quad flat package (QFP) component with a pin pitch of 0.4 mm. After the optimization of the printing process, the desired inspection specification is determined to reduce the expected total process loss.

Design/methodology/approach

Static Taguchi parametric design is applied while considering the noise factors possibly affecting the printing quality in the production environment. The Taguchi quality loss function model is then proposed to evaluate the two types of inspection strategies.

Findings

The optimal parameter-level treatment for the solder paste printing process includes a squeegee pressure of 11 kg, a stencil snap-off of 0.14 mm, a cleaning frequency of the stencil once per printing and using an air gun after stencil wiping. The optimal upper and lower specification limits are 119.8 µm and 110.3 µm, respectively.

Originality/value

Noise factors in the production environment are considered to determine the optimal printing process. For specific components, the specification is established as a basis for subsequent processes or reworks.
Diet complementation as a frequency‐dependent mechanism conferring advantages to rare plants via dispersal
Authors: Morán‐López Teresa , Carlo Tomás A. , Amico Guillermo , Morales Juan Manuel
Published: June 2018

We used an agent‐based model to test the hypothesis that diet complementation by frugivores can promote the persistence of rare plant species in communities (DCH).

Models simulated bird movement, frugivory, seed dispersal and plant recruitment on landscapes that differed in their degree of fragmentation and in their degree of fruiting species mixing at the scale of frugivores’ foraging decisions.

Diet complementation promoted the dispersal of rare species without the need of a priori preference from birds. The effects of landscape structure on the dispersal of rare plants were small (<5%) compared to positive effects of diet complementation because birds tracked the nutrients contained in rare fruits to balance their diets. However, resource‐tracking of rare fruits increased foraging costs up to 20% of net energy intakes.

During postdispersal stages, density‐dependent mortality only conferred advantages to rare plants when located within heterospecific plant patches. Still, thanks to rare‐biased dispersal, rare plants showed the highest seed dispersal effectiveness irrespectively of landscape configuration.

Our theoretical approach presents a behavioural mechanism by which fruit choice can act as a frequency‐dependent mechanism conferring rare species advantages as important as classic postdispersal density‐dependent processes.

We hope that this study stimulates future work aimed at evaluating the importance of diet complementation in structuring the composition and spatial patterning of plant communities.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Enabling Middle Managers as Change Agents: Why Organisational Support Needs to Change
Authors: Buick Fiona , Blackman Deborah , Johnson Samantha
Published: June 2018

Change efforts frequently fail to achieve their desired outcome with failure often attributed to employee resistance to change. Literature on resistance indicates it can emerge from ineffective change management. This article argues that change management could be improved through middle managers actively undertaking a change intermediary role, thereby enabling employees to make sense of, and reframe, the change. Qualitative data is used to explore the extent to which middle managers had the capacity and support necessary to effectively implement change. The article concludes by proposing that managers who are actively engaged change agents, who frame and make sense of the change with employees, can reduce resistance. However, for this to be realised, organisations need to actively support the systematic development of middle management change management capabilities.
Estrogen and oxytocin involvement in social preference in male mice: a study using a novel long‐term social preference paradigm with aromatase, estrogen receptor‐α and estrogen receptor‐β, oxytocin, and oxytocin receptor knockout male mice
Authors: TSUDA Mumeko C. , NAGATA Kazuyo , SAGOSHI Shoko , OGAWA Sonoko
Published: June 2018

Certain aspects of social behavior help animals make adaptive decisions during encounters with other animals. When mice choose to approach another conspecific, the motivation and preference behind the interaction is not well understood. Estrogen and oxytocin are known to influence a wide array of social behaviors, including social motivation and social preference. The present study investigated the effects of estrogen and oxytocin on social preference using aromatase (ArKO), estrogen receptor (ER) α (αERKO), ERβ (βERKO), oxytocin (OTKO), oxytocin receptor (OTRKO) knockout and their respective wild‐type (WT) male mice. Mice were presented with gonadally‐intact versus castrated male (IC), intact male versus ovariectomized female (IF), or intact male versus empty cage (IE) stimuli sets for 5 days. ArWT showed no preference for either stimuli in IC and IF and intact male preference in IE, but ArKO mice preferred a castrated male or an ovariectomized female, or had no preference for either stimulus in IC, IF and IE stimuli sets, respectively, suggesting reduced intact male preference. α and β WT mice preferred a castrated male, showed no preference, and preferred an intact male in IC, IF and IE, respectively. αERKO mice displayed similar modified social preference patterns as ArKO, whereas the social preference of βERKO mice remained similar to βWT. OTWT preferred a castrated male whereas OTKO, OTRWT and OTRKO mice failed to show any preference in IC and none showed preference for either stimuli in IF. Collectively, these findings suggest that estrogen regulates social preference in male mice and that impaired social preference in oxytocin‐deficient mice may be due to severe deficits in social recognition.
Calculating Field‐Scale Evapotranspiration with Closed‐Chamber and Remote Sensing Methods
Authors: Hewitt Ian C. , Fernald Alexander G. , Samani Zohrab A.
Published: June 2018

Currently, there is no agreed upon method for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) across large regions such as the state of New Mexico. Remote sensing methods have potential for providing a solution, but require validation. A comparison between field‐scale ET measurements using a portable chamber ET measurement device and modeled ET using the remote sensing Regional Evapotranspiration Estimation Model (REEM) was performed where the model had not been previously evaluated. Data were collected during the growing season of 2015 in three irrigated agricultural valleys of northern New Mexico in agricultural and nonagricultural settings. No statistically significant difference was observed in agricultural datasets between means of measured (M = 3.7 mm/day, SE = 0.31 mm/day) and modeled (M = 4.0 mm/day, SE = 0.01 mm/day) daily ET; t(17) = −1.50, p = 0.15, α = 0.05. As there was no statistical difference observed between agricultural datasets, results support the use of REEM in irrigated agricultural areas of northern New Mexico. A statistically significant difference was observed in nonagricultural datasets between means of measured (M = 1.7 mm/day, SE = 0.22 mm/day) and modeled (M = 0.0 mm/day, SE = 0.00 mm/day) daily ET; t(9) = 1.79, p = 5.7 × 10−6, α = 0.05. With additional calibrations and air temperature sensors placed outside of agricultural areas, REEM may be suitable for use in nonagricultural areas of northern New Mexico.
Association between urinary tin concentration and diabetes in nationally representative sample of US adults
Authors: Liu Buyun , Sun Yangbo , Lehmler Hans‐Joachim , Bao Wei
Published: June 2018

Background

Animal studies indicate that chronic exposure to certain tin compounds induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis and glucose intolerance. However, little is known about the health effects of environmental tin exposure in humans. Therefore, we evaluated the association of tin exposure with diabetes in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Methods

We used data from a nationally representative population (n = 3371) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–14. Diabetes (n = 605) was defined as self‐reported physician's diagnosis, HbA1c ≥6.5%, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or 2‐h plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL. Tin concentrations in urine samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Logistic regression with sample weights was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of diabetes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Urinary tin concentrations were higher in individuals with diabetes (weighted median 0.58 μg/L) than those without diabetes (0.39 μg/L). After adjustment for urinary creatinine and other diabetes risk factors, the OR of diabetes comparing the highest with lowest quartile of urinary tin concentrations was 1.6 (95% CI 1.0–2.6; Ptrend = 0.02).

Conclusions

Environmental tin exposure was positively and significantly associated with diabetes in US adults.
The Effects of Mothers' Protective Parenting and Alcohol Use on Emerging Adults' Alcohol Use: Testing Indirect Effects Through Prototype Favorability Among African American Youth
Authors: Cleveland Michael J. , Turrisi Rob , Gibbons Frederick X. , Gerrard Meg , Marzell Miesha
Published: June 2018

Background

We examined how mothers' protective parenting and alcohol use influenced changes in offspring's heavy drinking among a sample of African American youth. The conceptual model also tested indirect effects of mothers' behaviors, through changes in the youths' social images (i.e., prototypes) of heavy drinkers, derived from the prototype willingness (PW) model.

Methods

Participants were 686 emerging adults (55% female) from the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS), an ongoing prospective study of African American families. Three waves of FACHS data were used as follows: T3 during 10th grade (M age = 16.3 years), T4 shortly after high school (M age = 19.4 years), and T5 3 years later (M age = 22.1 years). Mothers' self‐reports of protective parenting and alcohol use were assessed at T4. Two separate path models tested the study hypotheses. The first model specified direct and indirect effects of mothers' protective parenting and alcohol use. The second model added interaction terms between the protective parenting behaviors and mothers' alcohol use. The analyses were first conducted using the full sample and then repeated separately for female and male participants.

Results

Maternal alcohol use had a positive and direct effect on offspring's alcohol use. Mothers' endorsement of alcohol‐related rules inhibited normative increases in the favorability of the offspring's social image of heavy drinkers (prototype) while her warmth was positively related to these increases. Maternal alcohol use amplified the positive association between mothers' warmth and the daughters' increased drinking. For sons, maternal alcohol use increased the positive association between alcohol‐related rules and increased prototype favorability.

Conclusions

Results indicated clear gender differences in how mothers' behaviors influence her offspring's alcohol use during the transition to emerging adulthood. Interventions that target culturally specific risk and protective factors within the family environment are needed to reduce health disparities among this vulnerable population of youth.
Enough and as Good: A Formal Model of Lockean First Appropriation
Authors: Kogelmann Brian , Ogden Benjamin G.
Published: June 2018

In developing a theory of the first appropriation of natural resources from the state of nature, John Locke tells us that persons must leave “enough and as good” for others. Detailing exactly what this restriction requires divides right and left libertarians. Briefly, right libertarians interpret “enough and as good” as requiring no or very minimal restrictions on the first appropriation of natural resources, whereas left libertarians interpret “enough and as good” as requiring everyone to be entitled to an equal share of unappropriated resources, able to claim no more beyond this equal share. This article approaches the right versus left libertarian debate by developing a formal model that examines the welfare properties of different interpretations of the Lockean proviso. The model shows that underlying philosophical justifications for left libertarianism, when plausible assumptions hold, will actually be better served by a right libertarian proviso rather than a left libertarian one.
The importance of ecological memory for trophic rewilding as an ecosystem restoration approach
Authors: Schweiger Andreas H. , Boulangeat Isabelle , Conradi Timo , Davis Matt , Svenning Jens‐Christian
Published: June 2018

Increasing human pressure on strongly defaunated ecosystems is characteristic of the Anthropocene and calls for proactive restoration approaches that promote self‐sustaining, functioning ecosystems. However, the suitability of novel restoration concepts such as trophic rewilding is still under discussion given fragmentary empirical data and limited theory development. Here, we develop a theoretical framework that integrates the concept of ‘ecological memory’ into trophic rewilding. The ecological memory of an ecosystem is defined as an ecosystem's accumulated abiotic and biotic material and information legacies from past dynamics. By summarising existing knowledge about the ecological effects of megafauna extinction and rewilding across a large range of spatial and temporal scales, we identify two key drivers of ecosystem responses to trophic rewilding: (i) impact potential of (re)introduced megafauna, and (ii) ecological memory characterising the focal ecosystem. The impact potential of (re)introduced megafauna species can be estimated from species properties such as lifetime per capita engineering capacity, population density, home range size and niche overlap with resident species. The importance of ecological memory characterising the focal ecosystem depends on (i) the absolute time since megafauna loss, (ii) the speed of abiotic and biotic turnover, (iii) the strength of species interactions characterising the focal ecosystem, and (iv) the compensatory capacity of surrounding source ecosystems. These properties related to the focal and surrounding ecosystems mediate material and information legacies (its ecological memory) and modulate the net ecosystem impact of (re)introduced megafauna species. We provide practical advice about how to quantify all these properties while highlighting the strong link between ecological memory and historically contingent ecosystem trajectories. With this newly established ecological memory–rewilding framework, we hope to guide future empirical studies that investigate the ecological effects of trophic rewilding and other ecosystem‐restoration approaches. The proposed integrated conceptual framework should also assist managers and decision makers to anticipate the possible trajectories of ecosystem dynamics after restoration actions and to weigh plausible alternatives. This will help practitioners to develop adaptive management strategies for trophic rewilding that could facilitate sustainable management of functioning ecosystems in an increasingly human‐dominated world.
Altitudinal migration: ecological drivers, knowledge gaps, and conservation implications
Authors: Hsiung An C. , Boyle W. Alice , Cooper Robert J. , Chandler Richard B.
Published: June 2018

Animal migration has been the subject of intensive research for more than a century, but most research has focused on long‐distance rather than short‐distance migration. Altitudinal migration is a form of short‐distance migration in which individuals perform seasonal elevational movements. Despite its geographic and taxonomic ubiquity, there is relatively little information about the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence altitudinal migratory behaviour. Without this information, it is difficult to predict how rapid environmental changes will affect population viability of altitudinal migrants. To synthesize current knowledge, we compiled literature on altitudinal migration for all studied taxa, and identified the leading hypotheses explaining this behaviour. Studies of animal altitudinal migration cover many taxonomic lineages, with birds being the most commonly studied group. Altitudinal migration occurs in all continents except for Antarctica, but about a third of the literature focused on altitudinal migration in North America. Most research suggests that food and weather are the primary extrinsic drivers of altitudinal migration. In addition, substantial individual‐level variation in migratory propensity exists. Individual characteristics that are associated with sex, dominance rank, and body size explain much of the variation in migratory propensity in partially migratory populations, but individual‐level correlates are poorly known for most taxa. More research is needed to quantify the effects of habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and climate change on altitudinal migrants. Demographic studies of individually marked populations would be particularly valuable for advancing knowledge of the cascading effects of environmental change on migratory propensity, movement patterns, and population viability. We conclude our review with recommendations for study designs and modelling approaches that could be used to narrow existing knowledge gaps, which currently hinder effective conservation of altitudinal migratory species.
Population Pharmacokinetic and Exposure–dizziness Modeling for a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 Negative Allosteric Modulator in Major Depressive Disorder Patients
Authors: Cosson Valérie , Schaedeli‐Stark Franziska , Arab‐Alameddine Mona , Chavanne Clarisse , Guerini Elena , Derks Michael , Mallalieu Navita L.
Published: June 2018

Dizziness, the most frequently observed adverse event in patients with major depressive disorder, was observed with basimglurant, a selective, orally active metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 negative allosteric modulator. The potential relationship between dizziness and basimglurant exposure was explored. The pharmacokinetics of basimglurant was characterized with nonlinear mixed effects modeling using data from 288 trial participants enrolled in five clinical trials. The pharmacokinetics of basimglurant after daily oral administration of a modified release formulation was best described by a two‐compartment disposition model with a transit compartment, lag time for the absorption, and first‐order elimination. The largest covariate effects were the effect of smoking and male gender on apparent clearance followed by the effect of body weight on distribution volumes. Clearance was twofold higher in smokers and 40% higher in males. A logistic regression model showed a statistically significant correlation between basimglurant Cmax and incidence of dizziness. An increased risk of dizziness is predicted with increasing doses.
Effect of Dose and 5α‐Reductase Inhibition on the Circulating Testosterone Metabolite Profile of Men Administered Oral Testosterone
Authors: Basit Abdul , Amory John K. , Prasad Bhagwat
Published: June 2018

Development of an oral testosterone therapy has proven extremely challenging because of extensive and variable first‐pass metabolism. We investigated the in vivo metabolism of testosterone with increasing oral doses of testosterone, both alone and with the co‐administration of dutasteride (5α‐reductase inhibitor) by liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). In eugonadal men prior to dosing, the circulating concentration of testosterone, androstenedione, etiocholanolone‐glucuronide, and androsterone‐glucuronide was 8.6, 20.9, 9.1, and 55.3%, respectively, of the total testosterone‐related species, whereas testosterone‐glucuronide was ∼1%. When testosterone was dosed orally to men with experimental hypogonadism, a proportion of testosterone‐glucuronide increased to 13%. Dutasteride treatment significantly decreased levels of androsterone and its metabolites. This work reveals extensive metabolism of orally dosed testosterone to androsterone glucuronide via androstenedione, with testosterone‐glucuronide appearing to be the second most important metabolite. This information is of importance in the development of an effective oral testosterone therapy and may have implications for testosterone doping research.
Failing to meet the needs of generations of care home residents with diabetes: a review of the literature and a call for action
Authors: Sinclair A. J. , Gadsby R. , Abdelhafiz A. H. , Kennedy M.
Published: June 2018

In residential care homes and aged‐care facilities globally, between one in three and one in four residents may have diabetes, an often complex highly co‐morbid illness that leads to frailty, dependency, disability and reduced life expectancy. Residents with diabetes also have a high risk of hypoglycaemia, avoidable hospital admissions, and represent one of the most difficult challenges to health professionals and care staff in optimizing their diabetes and medical care. This detailed review examines the literature relating to care home diabetes over the last 25 years to assess what has been achieved in characterizing residents with diabetes, and what we know about the various but limited intervention studies that have been carried out internationally. The guidance and guidelines that have been published to assist clinicians in planning effective and safe care for this rather vulnerable group of people with diabetes are also reviewed. The review presents the first diagrammatic representation of a likely physiological cascade depicting the mainly irreversible functional decline a resident with diabetes might experience, provides modern principles of care for each resident with diabetes, and identifies what priority recommendations are required to be implemented if diabetes care is to improve. The review concludes that action is required since diabetes care still remains fragmented, sub‐optimal, and in need of investment, otherwise care home residents with diabetes will continue to have their needs unfulfilled.
A century old and still visionary: Fayol's innovative theory of management
Authors: Hatchuel Armand , Segrestin Blanche
Published: June 2018

Based on historical data and a seminal text never translated into English, we present an original interpretation of Henri Fayol's (1841–1925) administrative theory. This interpretation, which is consistent with the comments that Fayol later presented about his ‘General and industrial administration’ treatise, brings out his pioneering contribution to management studies. Fayol made the ‘unknown’ introduced by science into industry the central tenet of modern administration. He foreshadowed major aspects of today's innovation management. More fundamentally, Fayol laid new foundations for the field of management sciences. He drew from the political and philosophical works of the Enlightenment to develop a series of original concepts (in French: prévoyance, perfectionnement, programme, inconnu, corps social) that were difficult to interpret and to translate. We maintain that Fayol's administrative science is a theory of a ‘creative/political’ rationality that still, today, offers better theoretical and explanatory support for management science than economic and bureaucratic theory.
Strategies for non‐EEG seizure detection and timing for alerting and interventions with tonic–clonic seizures
Authors: Gutierrez Erie G. , Crone Nathan E. , Kang Joon Y. , Carmenate Yaretson I. , Krauss Gregory L.
Published: June 2018

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a common cause of death in epilepsy and frequently occurs following generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS). Non–electroencephalography (EEG) seizure detection systems using mobile sensor devices permit caregivers to assist patients during seizures and may reduce risks for complications of seizures such as injuries and SUDEP. We review changes in accelerometry, electrodermal activity, and heart rate associated with tonic–clonic seizures and their use in detection systems, including multimodal detectors. We reviewed current and past publications reporting data on linkage between GTCS, post‐ictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES), and ventilatory dysfunction. The timing and duration of postictal immobility and respiratory dysfunction associated with convulsions help identify which patients might benefit the most from seizure monitoring and from benchmarks for the timing of seizure detection, caregiver alerting, and interventions.
COALITION BARGAINING IN REPEATED GAMES
Authors: Polanski Arnold , Vega‐Redondo Fernando
Published: June 2018

We consider an intertemporal framework where different coalitions interact repeatedly over time.Boththe terms of trade and the endogenous cooperation structure are characterized, in a protocol‐free manner, when:

A coalition is formed with positive probability if, and only if, the shares obtained by its members weakly exceed their respective share expectations.

Each matched coalition distributes the entire surplus among its members.

Members of any coalition are treated symmetrically with respect to their share expectations.

We show, in particular, that the cooperation structure and the shares are unique when the game ends each date with vanishing probability.
ZOOMING IN ON AMBIGUITY ATTITUDES
Authors: Baillon Aurélien , Emirmahmutoglu Aysil
Published: June 2018

Empirical studies of ambiguity attitudes to date have focused on events of moderate likelihood. Extrapolation to rare events requires caution. In an Ellsberg‐like experiment with very unlikely events, we measured ambiguity attitudes with neither assumptions on subjects' beliefs nor restrictions to specific ambiguity models. Very unlikely events were overweighted, being weighted more strongly in isolation than when part of larger events. Using latent profile analysis, we classified the subjects in terms of deviations from ambiguity neutrality. One third behaved close to ambiguity neutrality. The others exhibited overweighting of rare events. Such behavior can lead to money‐pump situations.
Two‐stage processing of salmon backbones to obtain high‐quality oil and proteins
Authors: Slizyte Rasa , Mozuraityte Revilija , Remman Tore , Rustad Turid
Published: June 2018

Traditional processing technologies for fish by‐products containing significant amounts of oils usually either give high amounts of oil or maximised solubilisation of proteins. Due to lower yields and insufficient quality, the proteins or the oil is considered as secondary products. The proposed concept combines a gentle thermal separation of oil followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining protein‐rich fraction. The first stage, thermal treatment (40 °C) of fresh salmon backbones, separated up to 85% of the oil from the raw material and gave high‐quality oil (PV = 0.2 ± 0.0 meq kg−1, 0.16 ± 0.05% free fatty acids). Separation of a significant part of the oil gave reduced mass flow into the enzymatic stage, which then requires less enzymes and reduced energy consumption. Among the tested enzymes: Trypsin, Corolase PP and Mixture of Papain and Bromelain gave the highest yield of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), while use of Protamex and Corolase PP resulted in FPH with the best sensory properties leading to the lowest bitterness.
An implementation of remote laboratory for secondary science education
Authors: Tho S.W. , Yeung Y.Y.
Published: June 2018

This paper reports our classroom implementation of a new remote laboratory (RL) system, which was developed by using innovative ideas and methods for applying technology‐enhanced learning to secondary school science education (Grades 7–9 or Ages 12–14). The newly developed RL system, which involves 8 remote experiments, was tested with 32 secondary school students from a local public school in order to evaluate its usability, learning, and their perception. The present study was carried out by using a mixed research method, including a questionnaire survey (open‐ended questions) and interviews. The corresponding research tools were specifically developed to collect data on students' perceptions and the implementation issues of the RL system. The survey results revealed that there was no major refinement required for the RL system, which was good enough for further adoption in secondary science education because its methods used to conduct online experiments could (a) extend/enhance the existing practices (with virtual/simulation experiments only) of e‐learning and (b) largely induce students' favourable views and perceptions in their own learning. Besides, negative comments and suggestions for improvement were purposely collected during a follow‐up period with an aim to pinpoint any ways in which the RL system and its design could be refined. They turned out to be very minor and easily fixed, and so the refined RL system is educationally suitable for use in laboratory activities and demonstrations to enhance the learning and teaching of science within and outside the secondary school environment.
“Address me personally!”: On the role of language styles in a MOOC
Authors: Riehemann J. , Jucks R.
Published: June 2018

If learning materials are presented in either a conversational or formal language style, people will process them differently. This study reports an experiment in which 64 high school students watched an educational video in a massive open online course scenario in which the instructions were phrased either conversationally or formally. The video demonstrated and explained the psychological McGurk effect. After watching the video, participants performed a transfer task. Learning outcomes were assessed and answers were analysed by using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Results showed better learning outcomes for participants in the conversational (vs. formal) condition. Participants in the formal (vs. conversational) condition referred more to others in their answers. Implications for the design of massive open online courses are discussed.
DOES MANAGERIAL OPPORTUNISM EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENTIAL PRICING OF LEVEL 3 FAIR VALUE ESTIMATES?
Authors: Robinson Dahlia , Smith Thomas , Valencia Adrian
Published: June 2018

Using hand‐collected Level 3 data, we find that banks near key capital ratios report higher unrealized gains in Level 3 assets, consistent with managers using Level 3 valuations to boost capital ratios. Additionally, we document an incremental pricing discount for Level 3 assets among these firms, suggesting that the pricing discount observed by prior research may not be entirely due to measurement error inherent in Level 3. Furthermore, we observe that this opportunistic behavior diminishes under the new Financial Accounting Standards Board disclosure regime, suggesting that the expanded disclosures may increase the value relevance and reliability of fair value measurements.
Engagement with Retirement Savings: It Is a Matter of Trust
Authors: Deetlefs A. M. Jeanette , Bateman Hazel , Dobrescu Loretti I. , Newell Ben R. , Ortmann Andreas , Thorp Susan
Published: June 2018

People who engage with their retirement savings are more likely to opt out of unsuitable defaults. We use cluster analysis of matched survey and administrative data to identify groups of pension plan members that are alike in their attitudes toward retirement saving. We find that engaged and disengaged members segregate into groups based on their interest and trust. Group membership in turn helps predict plan engagement, as proxied by nondefault choices. Specifically, engagement is stronger among interested groups. Trust, however, has a more complex relationship with engagement, particularly as it interacts with interest. While members with low interest and high trust are less likely to engage (e.g., by not checking plan performance), less trusting members engage more (e.g., by actively choosing asset allocations). As interest and trust successfully determine group membership, and ultimately engagement, pension plan providers should address members' diverse needs and circumstances with personalized approaches.
The Changing Complexion of American Congregations
Authors: Dougherty Kevin D. , Emerson Michael O.
Published: June 2018

The only constant in life is change, or so goes the familiar refrain. But when it comes to research on multiracial congregations, studying change has largely been overlooked. Questions loom about the changing prevalence, leadership, and composition of racially diverse congregations. Using three waves of data from the National Congregations Study (1998, 2006, and 2012), we offer an overarching examination of racial composition in U.S. congregations across approximately 15 years. Both the percentage of multiracial congregations and the amount of racial/ethnic diversity in congregations have increased. The increase has been most dramatic in Protestant churches. In addition, blacks are more common in the pulpit and the pews of America's multiracial congregations than they were in the past. Blacks now surpass Latinos as the group most likely to worship with whites in multiracial congregations. Location and religious tradition continue to be influential factors in a congregation's racial diversity, but the significance of several congregational characteristics have changed over time. We discuss the implications of these findings.
Multitype Recharge Facility Location for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Rey David , Waller S. Travis
Published: June 2018

The motivation of this study is to minimize the system‐level travel time costs and greenhouse emissions, which include tailpipe emissions by internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and smokestack emissions indirectly caused by electric vehicles (EVs), while satisfying EVs’ replenishment need in transport networks subject to financial restraints for infrastructure development. In this study, we address recharge facility locations of EVs, where two types of recharge services are taken into account, that is, traditional charging stations and modern charging lanes. The multitype recharge facility location problem is formulated by employing the bilevel framework of the network design problem. In the lower‐level program, the mixed‐vehicular traffic assignment problem with en‐route multitype recharge is employed, which accounts for both ICEVs and EVs with various driving ranges. The upper‐level program aims to minimize the total system travel costs by selecting the optimal solution from a set of infrastructure design options considering both expansions of road capacities and provisions of multitype recharge facilities for EVs. In the algorithmic framework, we propose a tailored metaheuristic to solve medium to large instances. Systematic evaluation is conducted to test the efficacy of the proposed approach. The results highlight the impacts of traffic composition, distance ranges of EVs, budget levels and facility expenses on the project selection and evaluation. The results indicate that the two design objectives, to respectively minimize the network‐wide travel time and greenhouse emissions, are conflicting for certain scenarios. Additionally, the results demonstrate the advantages of the network design problem (NDP) considering both multitype recharge service provision and road capacity enhancement over the NDP accounting for the former only.
From multisensory integration in peripersonal space to bodily self‐consciousness: from statistical regularities to statistical inference
Authors: Noel Jean‐Paul , Blanke Olaf , Serino Andrea
Published: June 2018

Integrating information across sensory systems is a critical step toward building a cohesive representation of the environment and one's body, and as illustrated by numerous illusions, scaffolds subjective experience of the world and self. In the last years, classic principles of multisensory integration elucidated in the subcortex have been translated into the language of statistical inference understood by the neocortical mantle. Most importantly, a mechanistic systems‐level description of multisensory computations via probabilistic population coding and divisive normalization is actively being put forward. In parallel, by describing and understanding bodily illusions, researchers have suggested multisensory integration of bodily inputs within the peripersonal space as a key mechanism in bodily self‐consciousness. Importantly, certain aspects of bodily self‐consciousness, although still very much a minority, have been recently casted under the light of modern computational understandings of multisensory integration. In doing so, we argue, the field of bodily self‐consciousness may borrow mechanistic descriptions regarding the neural implementation of inference computations outlined by the multisensory field. This computational approach, leveraged on the understanding of multisensory processes generally, promises to advance scientific comprehension regarding one of the most mysterious questions puzzling humankind, that is, how our brain creates the experience of a self in interaction with the environment.
Avian mite dermatitis: Diagnostic challenges and unmet needs
Authors: Kavallari A. , Küster T. , Papadopoulos E. , Hondema L. S. , Øines Ø. , Skov J. , Sparagano O. , Tiligada E.
Published: June 2018

The avian mite Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite, PRM) is of major economic and veterinary importance for the poultry and egg industry worldwide. The accumulating reports on the opportunistic nonavian feeding of D. gallinae raise concerns on PRM host expansion. However, the consequent threats to human health remain largely unclear. PRM infestation in humans is usually manifested as a local or generalized noncharacteristic skin reaction referred to as gamasoidosis. This report presents the current state of the art and the new developments on PRM‐associated dermatitis, sharing neither the authors’ personal experience nor focusing on differential diagnosis. Specifically, it reflects the outcome of the critical assessment of the available literature by European medical and veterinary experts in the field under the “One Health” approach.