bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ضغط العمل على الام العاملة واثره في الاداء الوظيفي
Authors: Sawsan Ibrahim Rajab
Published: November 2022

إنَّ النجاح هو هدف المنظمات الأسمى في عصر تزايدت فيه عديد من الضغوط التي ألقت بظلالها الثقيلة على المنظمات التي وضعت في مقدمة أهدافها البقاء، والاستمرار في بيئة متغيرة، ومتجددة، ذات تحديات، ومعضلات، ولمواجهة كل هذا؛ تجتهد المنظمات في إدارة هذه الضغوط التي فرضت قسراً على العاملين وبالصورة التي تؤدِّي إلى استثمار هذه الضغوط في تحسين أداء العاملين، ورفع مستوى كفاءتهم، وزيادة فاعليتهم، وفي الوقت نفسه، يعزِّز ولاءَهم الوظيفي، ويقوِّي انتماءَهم لمنظمتهم، ومن ثَمَّ يضمن تقديم أفضل النتائج. ولتحقيق هذا على المنظمات إدراك حقيقة مهمة تتمثل في الوقت الذي يقضيه العاملون في المنظمة، ضمن بيئة عمل لها شروطها، ومحدداتها، وضوابطها، التي تلزمهم بإنجاز مهمات موكلة إليهم يفترض أن تكون هذه المهمات جزءاً أساسياً في منظومة العمليات المحققة لأهداف المنظمة، وهذا الإلزام بحد نفسه نوع من الضغط الذي يُشعرُ العاملين بالخوف، والقلق، والرهبة الدائمة من عدم الوصول إلى النتائج التي تتوقعها منه إدارته في المنظمة، وتزداد هذه المشاعر مع الضغوط النفسية، والجسدية، والاجتماعية التي تقع على عاتق العاملين وتحديداً الأمهات منهم، لأنَّهنَّ يحملنَ مسؤوليات أسرهنَّ، وعملهنَّ في الوقت نفسه، ممَّا يجعلهنَّ تحت ضغط شديد يأتي جزء منه من ضغط العمل ومتطلباته، والجزء الثاني من ضغط الأسرة، والمجتمع، ومتطلباته التي أصبحت أصعب مع الأزمات، التي يتعرَّض لها المجتمع العراقي والتي تكالبت عليه عديد من الظروف والمتغيرات ومنها الأزمة الصحية التي جاءت بسبب جائحة (كورونا) وإفرازاتها التي فرضت تغيُّراً واضحاً وكبيراً في حياة الفرد والمجتمع على حد سواء، والتي تطلب التكييف، والتأقلم معها في سبيل مواصلة  

حياة كانت بالأساس صعبة، وزادت صعوبة مع هذه الأزمة الصحية غير القابلة للتحكُّم والسيطرة لطبيعتها المختلفة عن الأزمات الصحية المماثلة التي سبقتها والتي مر بها المجتمع العراقي في فترات سابقة، والتي أثَّرت تأثيراً واضحاً ومباشراً في طبيعة أداء العاملات ضمن وظائفهنَّ.
انعكاسات التحولات الدولية بعد وباء كورونا اتجاه المشاريع الاقليمية المتضاربة بعد عام2020 ومستقبل التواجد الامريكي في العراق
Authors: ZINAH ABDULAMEER ABDULHASAN  , ALI Bashar Bakr
Published: November 2022

مثلت جائحة كورونا نقطة تحول اساسية رسمت بعدها ملامح التفاعلات الدولية وغيرت الكثير من التوازنات والتفاعلات القائمة على اعتبار ان الاحداث التي فرضتها تلك الجائحة جاءت كخط حاسم لرسم وتحديد مجمل التفاعلات الدولية ، وربما كانت المشاريع الاقليمية احدى الامثلة على رغبة الدول الاقليمية والدولية في اعادة رسم علاقاتها وتأكيدادوراها الاقليمية والدولية خاصة بعد ان اثبتت جائحة كورونا ضعف الالتزامات الدولية لعدد من الدول التي كانت تربطهم علاقات طويلة من التعاونات والتحالفات واعادة بناء تحالفات مستفيدة من تجربة جائحة كورونا كالحالة مع المشاريع الاقليمية المتضاربة "المشرق الجديد" و"مشروع الحزام والطريق" وانعكاس كل ذلك على نقطة جوهرية وهي مستقبل التواجد الامريكي في العراق وما يمثل هذا التواجد من نقطة مهمة في صياغة معالم التحالفات الدولية والاقليمية وما يمكن ان يكون له من تاثير واسع على تمرير المشاريع الاستراتيجية في تلك المنطقة .
السياسة الايرانية تجاه جهورية جزر القمر الاتحادية منذ العام 2006 وافاقها المستقبلية
Authors: Dari SarhanHammadi Al-Hamdani  , HussamHarjanAjaj Al-Issawi
Published: November 2022

يعد موضوع السياسة الايرانية تجاه جمهورية جزر القمر الاتحادية منذ العام 2006 من الموضوعات التي لم يسلط عليها الضوء كما ينبغي ، لذا جاءت هذه الدراسة لبيان اهمية هذه الجمهورية في المدرك الاستراتيجي الايراني ، والتي تراوحت اهميتها بين ما هو سياسي يستهدف تعزيز الدور والتواجد بالقرب من ممرات الملاحة البحرية المهمة لاسيما مضيق باب المندب تحسباً لأي مواجهة عسكرية تهدد مصالحها ، فضلاً عن فتح ممرات بحرية وبرية تسهل الوصول إلى مصالح ايران في شرق افريقيا ، وبين ما هو اقتصادي يستهدف تصدير النفط المهرب غير المشروع بعد فرض الرقابة على مضيق هرمز وعدن كجزء من العقوبات الدولية الاقتصادية المفروضة عليها بسبب برنامجها النووي ، وبين ما هو عسكري يستهدف تحويل جزء من مجهود الولايات المتحدة الامريكية البحري المتمركز في الخليج العربي إلى سواحل شرق القارة افريقيا ، وبين ما هو ثقافي يستهدف نقل الايديولوجية الإيرانية الى هذه الجمهورية الاسلامية كجزء من مخطط تعمل عليه الحكومة الايرانية لتوسيع دائرة نفوذها في الدول القارة الافريقية.
التحديات امام مبادرة الحزام والطريق في تعزيز التعاون الصيني –الخليجي
Authors: قاسم محمد عبد  , عباس فاضل علوان
Published: November 2022

اخذت الصين ترغب في توسيع علاقات التعاون ليس مع الدول الخليجية فحسب، انما مع اغلب دول العالم ، فطورت ما يعرف بمبادرة الحزام والطريق، عام 2013 ، تقوم خلالها بإنشاء بنى تحتية كبرى : سكك حديدية وموانئ ومطارات وطرق برية، بما يساعد الدول الاخرى على التفاعل مع الاقتصاد الصيني ، ويساعد الصين على الحصول على الطاقة والموارد الاولية وتدفق السلع الى الاسواق التي انضمت للمبادرة ، إذ قبلت اغلب الدول الخليجية بالمبادرة الصينية ، ووقعت الصين اتفاقات شراكة استراتيجية مع السعودية ومع ايران ، واقامت علاقات متقدمة مع الامارات ، وهو ما يعطي الاهمية لتلك المبادرة في العلاقات الصينية الخليجية ، بيد ان ذلك التعاون ما زال  يعتريه عدد من التحديات، ذات طبيعة خاصة بالمنطقة الخليجية، اي انها تحديات لها خصوصيتها قياسا بالتحديات العامة التي تواجه المبادرة بشكل عام، وتلك التحديات تفرض بعض القيود على المبادرة وتنفيذها، والتي يمكن توزيعها على مستويين : داخلية خليجية ، واخرى خليجية تتعلق بالتفاعلات التي تحيط بمنطقة الخليج العربي .
آثر الذباب الالكتروني على توجهات الرأي العام
Authors: علي سعدي عبدالزهرة جبير
Published: November 2022

الذباب الالكتروني مصطلح حديث في عالم الاعلام الرقمي، والذي يقصد به الحسابات الوهمية على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي ولاسيما منصة توتير، والموجه من قبل المبرمجين مختصين ضد دول أو شركات أو كيانات أو أفراد، والذباب الالكتروني هو حرب المنشورات جنودها مجهولون أسلحتها الحواسيب وساحتها منصات التواصل الاجتماعي يسمونها اللجان الإلكترونية عناصرها ليسوا مدربين بل مبرمجين بضع خطوات برمجية على منصات التواصل الاجتماعي ستتمكن بعدها من إنشاء عدد لا نهائي من المقاتلين الأوفياء أسماء وهمية وحسابات ليست لأحد وظيفتهم الأولى والأخيرة إعادة نشر آرائك في ذلك العالم الافتراضي لتصبح وكأنها رأي عام.
آفاق العلاقات الروسية التركية _ دراسة تحليلية
Authors: أحمد خليل ارتيمتي  , Abdulrahman Karim Darwesh
Published: November 2022

تعتبر العلاقات الروسية التركية من العلاقات الثنائية المعقدة والغامضة في أبعادها الاستراتيجية فقد حكمتها البرغماتية في كل فصولها ومدياتها، وهي تمتد على مدى قرون، وتمتلك جذوراً متشابكة، لكل دولة سياسات تسعى إلى تحقيقها وتؤثر على وجود الدولة الأخرى، ولكل منهما طموحات العالمية متناقضة مع طموحات الدولة الأخرى، وكل منهما تتقدم بعلاقات تعاون مع الدولة الأخرى بمقاصد خاصة تختلف عن الأخرى، وهناك مناطق ومحددات جيوسياسية متداخلة تشكل بؤر الصراع بين الدولتين، ومؤثرات عالمية ودوافع قومية ودينية متناقضة، كلها تقف حائل أمام بناء علاقات طبيعية بين الدولتين، ومع ذلك تطور البنية الفكرية و التقاليد السياسية واقتصادية للتعاون بين الدولتين، تدفع الدولتين باتجاه توحيدهما في مظلة اوراسية جامعة، لكن إمكانية تحقيق ذلك تبقى بعيدة المنال بسبب اختلاف منطلقات كل دولة إزاء الدولة الأخرى.
دراسة التوازنات المالية في نظام التقاعد العمومي باستخدام الشبكة الاصطناعية متعددة الطبقات
Authors: رياض مهدي كريم
Published: November 2022

اتسمت السنوات القليلة الماضي بانهيار الوضع المالي لـنظام التقاعد العمومي في الدول العربية بصفة عامة ونظام التقاعد العمومي بتونس بصفة خاصة وهو محل بحثنا في هذه الدراسة البحثية بسبب الاختلال المتزايد بين الاستحقاقات المدفوعة للمتقاعدين (النفقات) ومساهمات المنخرطين (الإيرادات) منذ عام 2005. على مدى العقد الماضي، لم يكن من الممكن استعادة التوازن المالي، وأصبح الوضع المالي ينذر بالخطر على مر السنين حيث وصل إلى عجز قدره 793.224 مليون دينار في عام 2017. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فقد تجاوز معدل نمو مصاريف التقاعد معدل نمو عائدات التقاعد، رغم أن منظمة التقاعد العمومي ما فتأت تهتم با[1]لإيرادات الاستثمارية التي تعتبر غير فنية كجزء فعال في تحصيل بعض الموارد الإضافية ولدوره المهم في تغطية العجز وتحسين الوضع المالي على المدى القصير والطويل. لذلك كان السعي لتحليل المواقف الديناميكية التي تعتبر الحل الأفضل لتحديد آثار وأسباب عدم التوازن المالي في التقاعد العمومي بسبب تعقد وتتطور متغيراته سواء ما يخص نظام التقاعد في حد ذاته من قوانين واصلاحات أو ما يخص متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي والجزئي والموازنة العامة وخاصة المتغيرات الديمغرافية. وبالتالي فإن هذا النظام لا يخلو من  الاخطار المتعددة وهي غير مؤكدة بسبب تعقيد وتشابك العلاقة بين التوازن المالي للتقاعد ومختلف معايير ومتغيرات التقاعد. هدفنا هو تحديد الاشكاليات والاخطار المستقبلية وبيان وكشف أهم الأسباب و العوامل التي شكلت عجز التقاعد العمومي، وخاصة الحصول على أفضل قرار لإصلاح ولتصحيح هذا النظام. لهذا سنحاول في هذا البحث وضع توقعات مستقبلية للوضعية المالية لهذا النظام العمومي باستخدام الشبكة الاصطناعية متعددة الطبقات والتي سنعتمد عليها في الحصول على أفضل الحلول للقيام بالإصلاحات المناسبة والمثالية.
التأثير السياسي للقبلية في العراق بعد العام 2003
Authors: Noor Qais Khazali
Published: November 2022

ان موضوع الظاهرة القبلية، هو من الموضوعات المهمة ، التي يتعايش معها العمل السياسي في العراق ، فالقبلية ليست ظاهرة اجتماعية فحسب، انما هي ظاهرة سياسية في الوقت نفسه .تناول البعد السياسي ، للظاهرة ، يشير الى ان القبلية لها : ابعاد سياسية ، تفرض حضورها وتاثيرها ، على الافراد والمجتمع والسياسة والدولة ، ولا يمكن لأي مستوى أن يتجاهل البعد السياسي للظاهرة القبلية .

العراق متعدد ، اثنيا وسياسيا ، والتعدد الاثني المصحوب بالتعدد السياسي يقود الى وجود تركيب في الظاهرة السياسية . الظاهرة القبلية تفرض حضورها ليس في العملية السياسية فحسب ، انما يبدأ تاثيرها من القيود التي تفرضها على السلوك السياسي ، وبضمنه : الترشيح والتصويت والتظاهر وحتى الانتماء لاحزاب سياسية في أحيان .
ابعاد مبادرة الحزام والطريق الصينية على منطقة الخليج العربي
Authors: هديل حربي ذاري  , فكرت نامق عبد الفتاح
Published: November 2022

مع ارتفاع وتيرة النمو الاقتصادي الذي تشهده الصين ، وتنامي اعتمادها على الأسواق الخارجية، والمواد الخام والوقود ، والموارد الأخرى من وراء البحار ، لاستكمال انجازاتها الاقتصادية الكبيرة ، اطلقت " مبادرة الحزام والطريق" ، التي شكلت مدخلا استراتيجياً لها ، من اجل دمج اقتصادها بالاقتصاد العالمي، إذ اعتمدت الصين على المبادرة ، لربط قارات العالم بشبكة من طرق النقل ، بهدف تعزيز التعاون التجاري والاقتصادي بين الصين ودول العالم ، وتشمل المبادرة كل من آسيا واوربا وإفريقيا ، وامريكا اللاتينية ، إذ تعتمد على استثمار فكرة "طريق الحرير القديم" . ومن اجل إشباع التنامي المتزايد لسوقها المحلية ، تعين على الصين البحث عن أسواق خارجية جديدة ، حتى تروج لسلعها الفائضة ، وفي هذا الصدد تعد منطقة الخليج العربي ، واحدة من أولوياتها الرئيسة ، إذ تقع دول الخليج العربي عند ممر استراتيجي يصل وسط آسيا وجنوبها بإفريقيا وأوروبا ، كما مثلت جسرا يتيح للصين توسيع وجودها الاقتصادي في اتجاه أفريقيا وأوروبا ، إذ تسعى  الصين الى ربط مجموعة كبيرة ومتباينة من الدول الغنية والنشطة اقتصادياً ، الى تلك الفقيرة ، التي لديها امكانيات هائلة لتحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية.
Proposta de uma biblioteca para replicação transparente em Sistemas Distribuı́dos utilizando JGroups
Authors: Alves Caroline Martins , Mendizabal Odorico Machado
Published: November 2022

O desenvolvimento de sistemas distribuídos implica em uma série de desafios, que vão desde a heterogeneidade de servidores que hospedam aplicações, passando por escalabilidade e segurança, indo até o tratamento de falhas. O presente trabalho tem como foco o último aspecto e, mais precisamente, a replicação para oferecer tolerância a falhas, mantendo réplicas de um sistema disponíveis em diferentes servidores a despeito da ocorrência de um número limitado de falhas. Entretanto, nem todos os sistemas distribuídos implementam essa característica originalmente e, consequentemente, é necessário que o desenvolvedor desenvolva a lógica de replicação especificamente para o sistema alvo. Esse processo pode ser caro, demorado e suscetível a erros, pois implica que o programador possua conhecimentos específicos relacionados a sistemas distribuídos e tolerância a falhas. Visando melhorar e facilitar o uso de replicação em aplicações, o trabalho que está sendo desenvolvido propõe a implementação de uma biblioteca que ofereça replicação de forma transparente para o programador. Com isso, sistemas que desejem aplicar essa estratégia de tolerância a falhas, podem facilmente fazê-la, apenas utilizando a nossa biblioteca. Para a implementação da biblioteca será utilizado o JGroups, uma biblioteca para comunicação em grupo.
Uma breve análise sobre phishing
Authors: Montagner Antonio S , Westphall Carla Merkle
Published: November 2022

O número de ataques phishing atingiu em 2021 o maior número de todos os tempos até então, sendo o triplo desde 2020. Tal evento demonstra que, desde seu surgimento em 1995, como as técnicas de phishing são moldadas considerando o contexto de seu alvo, esses ataques acabam se adaptando com o tempo e, dessa forma, tal problema persiste na sociedade há mais de 25 anos e continua aumentando seu número de vítimas. Com isso, este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o que é phishing, seus conceitos, seus tipos e os problemas causados na sociedade.
As estratégias de assistência do Banco Mundial para o Brasil em perspectiva política (1990-2020)
Authors: Pereira João Márcio Mendes
Published: November 2022

Este artigo analisa as estratégias de assistência do Banco Mundial para o Brasil no período de 1990 a 2020, a fim de evidenciar qual foi a importância estratégica atribuída à austeridade fiscal e às reformas neoliberais, avaliar como o “combate à pobreza” foi acionado como retórica e mecanismo de legitimação da agenda neoliberal, problematizar as relações do Banco Mundial com o setor privado e as organizações da sociedade civil que são "parceiras" da instituição e, finalmente, discutir a importância decisiva das atividades de aconselhamento e consultoria do banco no país. As estratégias de assistência constituem a documentação mais importante na relação do Banco Mundial com o Brasil. A análise se detém nos anos de 1990 a 2002 (governos Collor, Itamar e FHC), de 2003 a 2016 (governos Lula e Dilma) e de 2016 a 2020 (governos Temer e Bolsonaro). O trabalho mostra que o modus operandi do Banco Mundial combina financiamento com aconselhamento, assistência técnica e pesquisa econômica a fim de disseminar orientações e práticas sobre o que os governos devem fazer e como, em matéria de políticas públicas. Argumenta-se que as relações do país com o Banco Mundial foram mais programáticas ou mais pragmáticas, dependendo do governo, mas sempre envolveram escolhas dos agentes nacionais sobre que rumos seguir e como fazê-lo em matéria de desenvolvimento. Evidencia-se que, durante trinta anos, o ajuste fiscal assumiu uma primazia normativa na agenda do banco, no sentido de anteceder e enquadrar toda e qualquer discussão sobre os rumos e os meios do desenvolvimento.
Entre o patrimônio e o plano: estudo argumentativo sobre Paranaguá, Paraná
Authors: Santos Bruno Azambuja dos , Florenzano Iaskara Souza , Hardt Letícia Peret Antunes , Prokopiuk Mario , Neto Paulo Nascimento
Published: November 2022

Desde a segunda metade do século XX, o tombamento persiste como principal alternativa de salvaguarda de bens culturais no Brasil, enquanto a partir dos anos 2000, o plano diretor municipal estabelece diretrizes protetivas de áreas remanescentes da narrativa evolutiva de urbes contemporâneas. Diante dessas assertivas, o objetivo geral da pesquisa consiste em analisar os argumentos relativos à proteção da memória do centro histórico de Paranaguá, Paraná. Com caráter exploratório e abordagem qualitativa, a investigação foi apoiada em técnicas de revisão de literatura e em análises documentais. Seus resultados indicam que aquela ferramenta da política patrimonial e o citado documento de ordenamento urbanístico contribuem tanto para alterações positivas, quanto para externalidades adversas, com riscos à cognição do passado no presente e à sua respectiva transmissibilidade ao futuro. Pela interpretação das questões históricas e empíricas do caso estudado, também se pode deduzir que a efetividade dessas ações depende do reconhecimento dos valores e significados do patrimônio individual e coletivo. Por fim, conclui-se que, como decorrência de descompassos de pensamento entre diversas instâncias – públicas e privadas, legados da humanidade restam à deriva e suscetíveis a perdas irreversíveis e ao desaparecimento – completo ou parcial – da história das comunidades locais.
Priority Focus in Media Literacy of Youth
Authors: Solntseva Elena Sergeevna
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the study of media literacy skills of young people. On the one hand, theoretical studies of the issue are taken as a basis, and on the other hand, the practical understanding of media literacy that has developed among young people and is reflected here as a result of a sociological survey of schoolchildren aged 10-18 and students aged 18-29. In contemporary studies there is a certain lack of a single definition for media literacy and an integrated approach to this concept from the point of view of interdisciplinary research is in demand. Generally, media literacy include abilities to read and write; to distinguish fake from the truth and check facts; to distinguish opinions from facts; to recognize the emotional background of the message; to think critically; to evaluate the message in terms of the opposition «good – bad». This work results in establishing the following priority: for schoolchildren the ability to evaluate mass media content in terms of the opposition «good – bad» and for students the ability to think critically.
Verbal Treat as an Object of Linguistic Expertise
Authors: Karimova Tat'yana Sergeevna
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of diagnosing the form of statements in the production of forensic linguistic expertise in cases of threat. In linguocriminalism, an expert philologist has to meet with examples when, in the context of a threat, it turns into a speech utterance containing advice, recommendation, warning. The purpose of the study is to reveal the lexical and grammatical features of verbal threat markers in SMS texts and cases of their neutralization by a speech act of the council. The article considers a number of social, communicative, linguistic factors associated with verbal threat. The reason for writing the article was the lack of a unified approach in the expert community to solving the main tasks of this kind of expertise. Conducting an examination in cases of insult has traditionally assumed the solution of two tasks: 1) establishing signs of verbal aggression in a statement addressed to a person; 2) determining the form of the statement – a threat, a warning, a recommendation.
Assessment of responsiveness and minimum important difference of the Maternal perception of Childbirth Fatigue Questionnaire (MCFQ)
Authors: Delgado Alexandre , Lemos Andrea , Góes Paulo Sávio Angeiras de
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The assessment of responsiveness and the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is the basis for validating the Maternal perception of Childbirth Fatigue Questionnaire (MCFQ). Objective: To assess the responsiveness and determine the value of the MCID for the MCFQ. Methods: This is an observational study, conducted at HC-UFPE with 50 parturients in active labor. The MCFQ was applied in two moments: in the initial evaluation (EV1), performed at the beginning of labor between 4-6 cm of uterine dilation, and final (EV2), six hours after the first evaluation. Responsiveness was determined by calculating the effect size (ES), and standardized response mean (SRM), considering that values of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 points represent respectively small, moderate, or large values of responsiveness. The ability to detect change through the questionnaire was also assessed by the t-test. The level of significance adopted for this analysis was p less than 0.05. The MCID was verified based on the calculation of the standard error of measurement (SEM) index. Results: The MCFQ showed values of 0.4 and 0.6 for ES and SEM respectively and a p-value <0.001, thus showing a good capacity for change. The value of the MCID for this population was seven points. Conclusion: MCFQ presents a potentially significant change with a value of the MCID of seven points after six hours of active labor.
A Method of Car Driver's Phone Call Recognition Based on Human Joint Points
Authors: Shi Bowen , Wang Wenlong , Wang Xiaoyuan
Published: November 2022

The distracted driving state of the car driver has caused serious harm to traffic safety and the personal safety of the driver. The most frequent and common distraction is the distracted driving behavior of the driver on the phone. In order to accurately identify the car driver's phone call is distracting driving behavior. A driver's phone call behavior recognition method based on the joint point information of the driver's body was proposed in this manuscript. After using the OpenPose network structure to extract the joint points of the human body, the driver’s angle of the driver's upper and lower arms and the normalized distance between the joint points are calculated and compared to relatively accurate identification of car drivers' phone calls and distracted driving behaviors The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has an accuracy rate of 97.23% for the distracted driving state of the car driver's phone call.
Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Dysfunction
Authors: Tajane Tejas Dilip , Waghmare Pranita Jwalant , Taksande Bharati Amar , Ambulkar Prafulla Shriram , Waghmare Jwalant Eknath
Published: November 2022

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is influenced by the action of both hereditary and environmental factors. These factors are comprehended in the disease interaction with β cells and insulin sensitivity to the receptors.The main cause of T2DM development is ageing, obesity, and oxidative stress. The dysfunction of the β cells of the pancreas leads to insulin insensitivity in the liver, muscle and fat metabolism. These occur due to the result of oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation is a key initiating factor in the development of oxidative stress, which results in T2DM and its related micro-and macro-vascular problems. These are initially compensated for the generation of excess insulin synthesis, thus ensuring normal glucose tolerance. When these compensatory processes are disrupted, the majority of persons develop T2DM. Although the gene is the primary cause of T2DM, the environment also plays an important role in the disease's progression. Particularly, a sedentary lifestyle characterised by excessive food consumption and physical inactivity is a known risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review has briefly discussed the significance of numerous causal factors, and genomic and biochemical pathways which are responsible for increasing the production of oxidative stress, a crucial component for the etiology and development of T2DM. The conclusion drawn was that the analysis of oxidative stress markers may be one of the potential methods for the diagnosis and prognosis of T2DM. Furthermore, this review will be helpful to establish the broaden conceptual framework for future studies on oxidative stress with relation to etiology of type 2 diabetes and therapeutic development.
Effects of Nutritional Practices and Production Systems on Small Ruminants’ Health in Rural Households in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Adegun M. K. , Abdu-Raheem K. A. , Oluwamuyiwa Adedapo, A.
Published: November 2022

The study assessed the effect of nutritional practices and production systems on the health of small ruminant animals reared among rural households in Ekiti State. A total number of 120 rural households were interviewed using a multi-stage random sampling procedure to elicit information from them. About 78.32 percent were within their active age range, 50.00 percent were married with minimum household size of 5 persons, had least educational qualification and 41.66 percent reared sheep and goats. Disease outbreak (50.00%), accident (33.33%) and stillbirth (16.66%) are the common factors responsible for mortality experienced by the farmers, while diarrhea is the prevalent disease experienced by them. More than half (58.13%) of the respondents practices self-medication by purchasing antibiotics meant for humans from medicine stores and very few of them (18.33%) received intervention from the government in terms of medication. Only 33.00% of them offer supplementary feeding to their animals during the dry season. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relationship (p=0.05) between nutritional practices and the health system of the small ruminants. Also, the Pearson Moment Product Correlation also revealed that a significant correlation (rcal= 0.927) exists between production systems and the health of small ruminants in the study area which is significant at 0.05 level of probability. The study, concludes that if animals are poorly managed and fed, they could be predisposed to diseases and injuries.
Mapping Community Potential in Stunting Prevention in Sumberputih Village, Indonesia
Authors: Solimun .
Published: November 2022

Purpose: This study aims to map stunting prevention behavior in the Sumberputih Village community, Malang Regency.

Methods: This research was conducted in Sumberputih Village, Wajak District, Malang Regency, East Java, with 3 lecturers and 5 students from the implementation team. With this activity, it is hoped that the community can prevent and increase knowledge about stunting in Sumberputih Village. This study uses cluster analysis for mapping community in preventing stunting.

Results: The number of clusters in the Bringin Village community grouping is divided into two parts, that are people care enough about stunting prevention and people that care less about stunting prevention. The sample in this study was determined using purposive sampling with used is 75 respondents, of which there are 47 people who are members of cluster 1 (people care about stunting prevention) and there are 28 people who are included in cluster 2 (people who don't care about stunting prevention).

Originality: The novelty of this research is the mapping of stunting prevention behavior in the Sumberputih village community, Malang Regency.
Effect of Different Organic Manures on Establishment of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) cv. Coorg Purple and Coorg Yellow under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Vashum Chonyaphi , Topno Samir E. , Kerketta Anita , Bahadur Vijay , Prasad V. M.
Published: November 2022

The experiment entitled “Effect of different organic manures on establishment of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) cv. Coorg Purple and Coorg Yellow under Prayagraj Agro-climatic conditions” was carried out at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj during the year 2020-2021.The experiment were laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 8 treatments viz., T1 Control, T2 Poultry manure (100%), T3 FYM (100%), T4 Vermicompost (100%), T5 Control, T6 Poultry manure (100%), T7 FYM (100%) and T8 Vermicompost (100%), with three replications. The use of appropriate organic manure can help in its early growth, development & establishment and also there will be an efficient use of some of the animal wastes. The growing media here to be used are also cheap, efficient & easily available, suitable for the farmer’s use. Result showed that treatment T4 performed best in terms of plant height (86.77cm), number of branches plant (3.99) , number of leaves plant (40.33), stem girth (4.69mm), leaf area (124 sq/cm) and Chlorophyll Content (92.39 µmol per m2) .
Highlights From the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2022—COVID-19’s Ripple Effects, a Triglyceride Disappointment, Gene Editing Advances, and More
Authors: Abbasi Jennifer
Published: November 2022

This Medical News article is an interview with conference chair Manesh Patel, MD, chief of cardiology at the Duke University School of Medicine.
A National Leadership Incubator to Promote Equity in Diagnostic Excellence
Authors: Santhosh Lekshmi , Flores Efren J. , Bajaj Komal
Published: November 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the structure of the National Academy of Medicine’s Scholars in Diagnostic Excellence program and the lessons learned from this national leadership incubator.
Trauma
Authors: Lopez Barry Holsten
Published: November 2022

This essay describes the author’s experience with childhood trauma through the lens of a cancer diagnosis.
Deescalating Follow-up After Hemithyroidectomy for Patients With Low-risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: van Dijk Sam P. J. , Coerts Hannelore I. , Lončar Ivona , Verhoef Cornelis , Kruijff Schelto , Engelsman Anton F. , Peeters Robin P. , van Ginhoven Tessa M.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Structural recurrent disease (RD) after surgical treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (mPTC) is rare. We hypothesized that the RD rate after hemithyroidectomy in low-risk patients with mPTC is low.

Objective

To assess the occurrence of RD in Dutch patients with mPTC who received surgical treatment according to the Dutch guidelines.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationwide retrospective cohort study included all patients who had undergone surgery with a diagnosis of cN0/cNx mPTC in the Netherlands between January 2000 and December 2020 were identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry database. Patients with preoperative lymph node metastases were excluded. Two groups were defined: group 1 (incidental), mPTC in pathology report after thyroid surgery for another indication; and group 2 (nonincidental), patients with a preoperative highly suspect thyroid nodule (Bethesda 5) or proven mPTC (Bethesda 6). Dutch guidelines state that a hemithyroidectomy is sufficient in patients with unifocal, intrathyroidal mPTC.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The occurrence of RD in patients with low-risk mPTC after hemithyroidectomy.

Results

In total, 1636 patients with mPTC were included. Patients had a median (IQR) follow-up time of 71 (32-118) months. Median (IQR) age at time of diagnosis was 51 (41-61) years and 1292 (79.0%) were women. Overall, RD after initial treatment was seen in 25 patients (1.5%). The median (IQR) time to RD was 8.2 (3.6-16.5) months and 22 of the 25 (88%) patients developed RD within 2 years. Recurrent disease was not significantly different between both groups (group 1, n = 15 [1.3%]; group 2, n = 10 [2.1%]; difference, 0.8%; 95% CI, –0.5% to 2.5%). Of the 484 patients with nonincidental mPTC (group 2), 246 (50.8%) patients were treated with a hemithyroidectomy and follow-up in accordance with Dutch guidelines. Lymph node metastases were found in 1 of 246 (0.4%) patients after hemithyreoidectomy, and new mPTC in the contralateral thyroid was detected in 3 of 246 (1.2%) patients. Median (IQR) follow-up of this patient group was 37 (18-71) months. The 10-year probability of RD was 1.3% for patients without vascular invasion and 24.4% for patients with vascular invasion.

Conclusions and Relevance

This nationwide cohort study found that overall, RD after hemithyroidectomy for patients with low-risk mPTC was rare (<2%). Based on these results, it seems reasonable to deescalate follow-up of patients with low-risk mPTC without vascular invasion after hemithyroidectomy. From a health care perspective, deescalation of follow-up may contribute to increased sustainability and accessibility to health care, both large challenges for the future.
A Young Man Presenting With Tongue Lesions
Authors: Victor Mitchell , Vavinskaya Vera , Guo Theresa
Published: November 2022

A 19-year-old man presented with tongue pain of 3 months’ duration and a raised tongue lesion with slightly hairy appearance. What is your diagnosis?
Metavalent Bonding Origins of Unusual Properties of Group IV Chalcogenides
Authors: Arora Raagya , Waghmare Umesh V. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: November 2022

A distinct type of metavalent bonding (MVB) is recently proposed to explain an unusual combination of anomalous functional properties of group IV chalcogenide crystals, whose electronic mechanisms and origin remain controversial. Through theoretical analysis of evolution of bonding along continuous paths in structural and chemical composition space, emergence of MVB in rocksalt chalcogenides is demonstrated as a consequence of weakly broken symmetry of parent simple‐cubic crystals of Group V metalloids. High electronic degeneracy at the nested Fermi surface of parent metal drives spontaneous breaking of its translational symmetry with structural and chemical fields, which open up a small energy gap and mediate strong coupling between conduction and valence bands making metavalent crystals highly polarizable, conductive, and sensitive to bond‐lengths. Stronger symmetry‐breaking structural and chemical fields, however, transform them discontinuously to covalent and ionic semiconducting states. MVB involves bonding‐antibonding pairwise interactions alternating along linear chains of at least five atoms, which facilitate long‐range electron transfer in response to polar fields causing unusual properties. The precise picture of MVB predicts anomalous second‐order Raman scattering as an addition to set off their unusual properties, and will guide in design of new metavalent materials with improved thermoelectric, ferroelectric and nontrivial electronic topological properties.
Decorating InSe Surface by Gold Species for Improved Carrier Transport and Efficient Sunlight Harvesting Toward High‐Performance Flexible Photodetectors
Authors: Li Zhongjun , Qiao Hui , Liu Fei , Zhou Yang , Zhang Yuan , Wang Yachao , Xu Feicui , Huang Guoyi , Yue Shiqin , Liu Wenlan , Zhao Huafu , Tan Hui , Li Weiping , Li Jianqing , Qi Xiang , Huang Zongyu , Wageh S. , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Wang Bing , Zhang Han
Published: November 2022

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have aroused widespread interest due to the high potential in modern photoelectronics. The strategy for improving the stability of 2D materials in the air, reinforcing formation, and transport of photoexcited carriers would open up promising routes toward flexible facilities. In this paper, surface engineering is executed on 2D InSe by decorating Au species for a lower bandgap allowing for efficient sunlight harvesting and decreased barrier with the substrate for improved electron transport. Moreover, hot electrons produced by Au nanoparticles under light irradiation pour into InSe for boosting photocurrent. Au nanoparticles also serve as conducting bridges in InSe−Au photoanode, where the contact resistance is two orders of magnitude lower than that of InSe electrode. Compared with InSe and other 2D counterparts, InSe−Au flexible photoelectrochemical detectors behave with outstanding performances under sunlight irradiation, including responsibility 55.4 µA W−1, detectivity 4.18 × 109 Jones. Importantly, the working electrode shows excellent ON/OFF switching stability after bending for 5000 times (3 months of storage in the air). This surface engineering provides a general strategy to tailor 2D materials for wearable photoelectronic devices in the future.
Polaronic Trions Induced by Strong Interfacial Coupling in Monolayer WSe2
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Chaocheng , Duan Hengli , Li Zhi , Wang Chao , Feng Sihua , Liu Ruiqi , Hu Fengchun , Jia Hongfeng , Yu Huabin , Zhu Lin , Niu Yuran , Zakharov Alexei A. , Sun Haiding , Yan Wensheng
Published: November 2022

The weak dielectric screening in 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides give rise to strongly bound quasiparticles, which provides a platform to investigate the diverse excitonic phenomena and correlated physics. However, how to effectively control these quasiparticles is still a challenge for their applications in optoelectronic and valleytronic devices. Herein, by means of fabricating monolayer WSe2 and transition metal oxide (TMO) heterostructures, polaronic trion, that is a trion dressed with soft rotational optical (RO) phonons, is realized due to the strong interfacial coupling. This Fröhlich bound state of trion dramatically increases the trion binding energy (BE) from room temperature to 65 meV at 80 K in WSe2/LaAlO3 (LAO). However, the increase of the trion BE for WSe2/SrTiO3 (STO) occurs below the phase transition temperature. This work expands the possibilities of the TMDs/TMOs heterostructures and promotes the development of 2D van der Waals materials for quasiparticle‐based devices.
A Robust Constant–Voltage DC Triboelectric Nanogenerator Using the Ternary Dielectric Triboelectrification Effect
Authors: Li Qianying , Hu Yawen , Yang Qianxi , Li Xiaochuan , Zhang Xuemei , Yang Huake , Ji Peiyuan , Xi Yi , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, the development of direct current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC‐TENGs) is oriented toward practical applications such as real‐time efficient harvesting and supplying energy. This demands DC‐TENGs with a low loss factor, high energy utilization efficiency, device portability, and output stability. Herein, a constant‐voltage DC‐TENG (C‐DC‐TENG) with robust output performance, using the ternary dielectric triboelectrification effect is demonstrated, which gives a crest factor of 1.0082. The key to improving the output charge density is the number of subdivision units, a result of theoretical simulations and experiments of C‐DC‐TENG. The optimized C‐DC‐TENG achieves not only an output charge density of 3.902 mC m−2 per round but also an average power density of 8.77 W m−2 (3.508 W m−2 Hz−1), which both set a new record for the rotary DC‐TENG. Moreover, introducing soft polyester fur enables C‐DC‐TENG to maintain 100% output without wear after 800 000 cycles. This C‐DC‐TENG is faultlessly competent for powering 2784 LEDs in series and 25 parallel‐connected hygrothermographs continuously. This work provides a promising technique for large‐scale clean energy harvesting, accelerating the progress toward practical applications of DC‐TENG.
Runoff and nutrient losses in extended and conventional crop rotations
Authors: Logsdon Sally D. , O'Brien Peter L.
Published: November 2022

Management systems prioritizing surface ground cover throughout the year, such as extended crop rotations with perennial phases or reduced tillage, may be more resilient to changing weather regimes associated with climate change. The purpose of this study was to determine if the benefits observed in perennial phases, including increased infiltration and reduced runoff and erosion, persisted in the annual crop phases. We conducted rainfall simulations at four landscape positions in a 7‐yr rotation with ridge tillage and in a conventional corn–soybean system. From data paired by landscape position across 4 yr, the 7‐yr rotation had significantly higher infiltration and lower runoff than the conventional field, although sediment and nutrient losses were similar. Runoff was correlated with ground cover, highlighting the importance of tillage practices and residue removal on the infiltration capacity of these systems. Overall, these results indicate that the lasting benefits of extended crop rotations, such as increased porosity and aggregate stability, coupled with a direct effect of increased ground cover, led to improved infiltration and less runoff during the annual crop phases.
Performance of autonomous recorders to detect a cryptic and endangered primate species, the black lion‐tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus)
Authors: Zambolli André H. , Manzano Maria Carolina R. , Honda Laura Kyoko , Rezende Gabriela C. , Culot Laurence
Published: November 2022

Information about species distribution is important for conservation but the monitoring of populations can demand a high sampling effort with traditional methods (e.g., line transects, sound playback) that are poorly efficient for cryptic primates, such as the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus). Here we investigated the effectiveness of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) as an alternative method to identify the presence of vocalizing lion tamarins in the wild. We aimed to: (1) determine the maximum distance at which autonomous recorders (Song Meter 3) and Raven Pro acoustic software can respectively detect and identify lion tamarin long calls emitted by two captive subjects (ex situ study); and (2) determine the sampling effort required to confirm the presence of the species in the wild (in situ study). In captive settings, we recorded lion tamarin long calls with one to two autonomous recorders operating at increasing distances from the animals' enclosure (8−202 m). In a 515 ha forest fragment, we deployed 12 recorders in a grid, 300 m apart from each other, within the estimated 100 ha home range of one group, and let them record for 10 consecutive days, totaling 985 h. In the ex situ study, hand‐browsing of spectrograms yielded 298 long calls emitted from 8 to 194 m, and Raven's Template Detector identified 54.6% of them, also emitted from 8 to 194 m. In the in situ study, we manually counted 1115 long calls, and the Raven's Template Detector identified 44.75% of them. Furthermore, the presence of lion tamarins was confirmed within 1 day using four randomly sorted recorders, whereas 5 days on average were necessary with only one device. While specific protocols still need to be developed to determine primate population size using this technology, we concluded that PAM is a promising tool when considering long term costs and benefits.
An All‐Natural Wood‐Inspired Aerogel
Authors: Han Zi‐Meng , Sun Wen‐Bin , Yang Kun‐Peng , Yang Huai‐Bin , Liu Zhao‐Xiang , Li De‐Han , Yin Chong‐Han , Liu Hao‐Cheng , Zhao Yu‐Xiang , Ling Zhang‐Chi , Guan Qing‐Fang , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: November 2022

The oriented pore structure of wood endows it with a variety of outstanding properties, among which the low thermal conductivity has attracted researchers to develop wood‐like aerogels as excellent thermal insulation materials. However, the increasing demands of environmental protection have put forward new and strict requirements for the sustainability of aerogels. Here, we report an all‐natural wood‐inspired aerogel consisting of all‐natural ingredients and develop a method to activate the surface‐inert wood particles to construct the aerogel. The obtained wood‐inspired aerogel has channel structure similar to that of natural wood, endowing it with superior thermal insulation properties to most existing commercial sponges. In addition, remarkable fire retardancy and complete biodegradability are integrated. With the above outstanding performances, this sustainable wood‐inspired aerogel will be an ideal substitute for the existing commercial thermal insulation materials.
Light‐Activated Translation of Different mRNAs in Cells via Wavelength‐Dependent Photouncaging
Authors: Bollu Amarnath , Klöcker Nils , Špaček Petr , P. Weissenboeck Florian , Hüwel Sabine , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: November 2022

The 5′ cap is a hallmark of eukaryotic mRNA involved in the initiation of translation. Its modification with a single photo‐cleavable group can bring translation of mRNA under the control of light. However, UV irradiation causes cell stress and downregulation of translation. Furthermore, complex processes often involve timed expression of more than one gene. The approach would thus greatly benefit from the ability to photo‐cleave by blue light and to control more than one mRNA at a time. We report the synthesis of a 5′ cap modified with a 7‐(diethylamino)coumarin (CouCap) and adapted conditions for in vitro transcription. Translation of the resulting CouCap‐mRNA is muted in vitro and in mammalian cells, and can be initiated by irradiation with 450 nm. The native cap is restored and no non‐natural residues nor sequence alterations remain in the mRNA. Multiplexing for two different mRNAs was achieved by combining cap analogs with coumarin‐ and ortho‐nitrobenzyl‐based photo‐cleavable groups.
Formulation lyotropic liquid crystals from palm oil‐based monoacylglycerols
Authors: Diep Tung T. , Yoo Michelle J. Y. , Do Thong T. H. , Luu Hau K. D. , Nguyen Tuan T. , Dao Duy N. , Nguyen Viet
Published: November 2022

Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) made of monoacylglycerols (MAGs) are rich in potential for food and pharmaceutical applications but the understandings of these materials are quite limited. This study, therefore, precisely demonstrated the formation of some LLCs based on the combination of two palm oil‐based MAGs (distilled and non‐distilled) with water and a triblock copolymer (Pluronic F127). X‐ray diffraction results showed that the main lyotropic mesophase obtained from palm oil‐based MAGs was lamellar phase (Lα) while dynamic light scattering results revealed that these LLC particles had a size range from 0.5 to 4 μm (after 5 min homogenization at 12,000 rpm). LLC dispersions made of both palm oil‐based MAGs/water mixtures were shear‐thinning fluids and the sample owning a higher concentration of MAGs had a higher yield stress as well as a higher storage modulus.
Studies of polyurethane foams prepared with hybrid silicon and hydroxymethylated lignin
Authors: Cheng Shijin , Pang Xufu , Jiang Guiquan , Pang Jiuyin
Published: November 2022

Today's petrochemical resources are increasingly strained, and the search for renewable, green, and environmentally friendly clean biomass energy has become a necessity. In order to increase the total hydroxyl content of lignin, enhance its reactivity, and replace some polyols in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam, alkali lignin was extracted and purified from papermaking black liquid, and the lignin was modified by a hydroxymethylation. Rigid polyurethane foam is extremely flammable, and it is very important for rigid polyurethane foam to reduce its flammability using low smoke, nontoxic, nonhalogenated flame retardants. The waste polyurethane foam was treated by a high‐temperature calcination process to create a halogen‐free flame‐retardant hybrid silicon. The flame‐retardant modified rigid polyurethane foam was synthesized by replacing some of polyols with hydroxymethylated lignin and using hybrid silicon as flame retardant. The process conditions used to prepare the hydroxymethylated lignin were optimized based on the response surface method. The optimal conditions used 33 g of formaldehyde, a reaction temperature of 86°C, a reaction time 2.2 h, and a total hydroxyl content of 14.862 mg KOH/g. Analysis of infrared (IR) spectra confirmed that lignin was successfully modified by the hydroxymethylation reaction. Raman spectra (RS) and IR measurements showed that the hybrid silicon foams contained Si3N4, SiC, and SiO2. The apparent densities of the modified polyurethane foams ranged from 39.5–49.6 kg/m3; the compressive strengths were between 0.184 and 0.241 MPa, and the thermal conductivities ranged from 0.019–0.025 W/(m‧K). The flame‐retardant polyurethane foams prepared from the hybrid silicon foams reached a maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.5%. Thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) results showed that the hybrid silicon improved the thermal stability of rigid polyurethane foam and increased the amount of carbon residue remaining after decomposition of the foam. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the flame retardants were uniformly distributed in the hybrid foam and the cell size was uniform.
Improved thermal conductivity of epoxy resins using silane coupling agent‐modified expanded graphite
Authors: Jiang Di , Chu Na , Zhang Yue , Wang Wei‐Dong , Jin Fan‐Long , Park Soo‐Jin
Published: November 2022

A silane coupling agent was used to modify the surface of expanded graphite (EG), which was subsequently used as a thermally conductive filler to fabricate diglycidylether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA)/EG composites with high thermal conductivity via hot blending and compression‐curing processes. The surface characteristics of silane coupling agent‐modified EG (Si@EG) were characterized by a variety of analytical techniques. The effects of the Si@EG content on the thermal conductivity, thermal stability, impact strength, and morphology of the DGEBA/Si@EG composites were investigated. The results revealed that the addition of 80 wt.% Si@EG increased the thermal conductivity of the composites from 0.17 to 10.56 W/m K, which was 61.1 times higher than that of pristine DGEBA. The initial decomposition temperature of the composite containing 80 wt.% Si@EG was 60.6°C higher than that of pristine DGEBA. The impact strength of the composites decreased from 2.0 to 0.87 kJ/m2 when the Si@EG content increased from 0 to 80 wt.%. The scanning electron microscopy images of the fractured surfaces revealed that the EG sheets in the DGEBA matrix formed a continuous thermally conductive path at high Si@EG contents.