bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Az állami oktatáspolitika megjelenési formái a 19. században
Authors: Balla János
Published: January 2025

A 17. század végétől a felvilágosodás filozófusaitól elindul az egyházi és az állami ügyeknek a szétválasztására irányuló törekvés az európai államokban. Elméleti, vegytiszta szétválasztásról, amely egy pontban történt volna meg, egyik országban sem beszélhetünk. Jól tetten érhető ez az oktatás területén, ahol szinte mindegyik vizsgált állam valamilyen módon egy vallási intézmény közvetítésével jutott el arra a gondolatra, hogy neki is részt kell vállalnia állampolgárai nevelésében.Az így létrejövő modernizálódó európai közoktatási rendszerek közös vonása, hogy majdnem mindegyikük csak a 19. század végére – esetenként a 20. század elején – jut el a kötelező, állam által felügyelt oktatás gondolatáig, valamint az is, hogy a nemzeti közoktatási rendszerek elemi, illetve középszintje elkülönülnek egymástól. Az így létrejövő duálisnak mondható rendszer különböző iskolatípusai eltérő pedagógiai célokat határoznak meg, és azok foganatosításához egyedi tanítási formákat alkalmaznak. Eltér egymástól a két rendszer felügyeleti és intézményirányítási rendszere is. A minden állampolgár számára kötelező tömegiskola elsősorban az alapvető készségek (írás, olvasás, számolás) megtanítására és a nemzeti érzület „elsajátítására” fókuszál.
Portrait Perspectives and Their Social Impacts on Digital Media Platforms
Authors: Hu Xiaotong
Published: January 2025

With the support of artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC), digital media based on mobile networks have made an overwhelming impact, which is unstoppable and needs no resistance. In this general trend, whether it is a leader or a captive, everyone is moving forward, drawing a picture of themselves, and awakening the world is imminent. The paper takes digital media platforms Zhihu, Douyin and Xiaohongshu as the objects to give a portrait of people. Firstly, the history and marketing model of Douyin, which is mainly short videos, and Xiaohongshu, which started with shopping, and Zhihu, which is knowledge-based, were investigated; Subsequently, a large number of social surveys were conducted to draw some meaningful conclusions. In short, digital media that enjoy entertainment, learn knowledge, and think about society are all based on interests as glue, knead actors and audiences, communicators and listeners together. In fact, it is difficult to distinguish who is the actor and who is the audience. Everyone is carnival-like, some people are making profits from it, some people are having fun from it, most of them are ignorant and waste their time. In the long run, the consequences for the countrymen are worrying and worth waking up.
Negative Transfer of Changzhou Dialect to English Phonetic Acquisition of Primary School Students and Its Teaching Implications
Authors: Zhai Mingyang
Published: January 2025

With China's ongoing opening up and steady progress in internationalization, English, as an international common language, has become a bridge for everyone to communicate across cultures with the world. However, many Chinese learners focus more on reading and writing skills while neglecting speaking proficiency. Speaking, as the most basic pattern of communication, plays a vital role in English second language acquisition. China is a vast country with many dialects. However, there is limited research on how the Changzhou dialect influences phonetic transfer in second language acquisition. Therefore, this paper focuses on Changzhou dialect to explore its negative transfer effect on primary school students' English phonetics acquisition and the corresponding teaching implications. This paper analyzes the negative transfer effect based on former research, online resources, and teaching and learning experiences. In addition, it examines the extent of the negative transfer of Changzhou dialect on English phonetics acquisition through questionnaire survey. Research has shown that the Changzhou dialect exerts a negative transfer effect on the English phonetic acquisition of primary school students. The primary causes of students' pronunciation errors are phoneme substitution, phoneme incompleteness and the inability to distinguish between long and short sounds. Improving students' English accents requires joint efforts from schools, teachers, and students.
Emotional, Social, and Recreational Intervention Approaches: An Intervention Study of Emotion Regulation in Adolescents with Autism
Authors: Yao Zhuoer
Published: January 2025

In recent years, emotion regulation and intervention within the autistic community have become highly significant areas of focus in autism research. While children with autism are often the primary focus of studies, research specifically targeting adolescents with autism is relatively scarce, and there is a lack of systematic integration of emotion regulation and intervention approaches for this group. This article aims to outline interventions for adolescents with autism across three domains: emotional, social, and recreational, and to describe various interventions within each domain. Emotional interventions include group intervention methods, Emotional Awareness and Skills Enhancement (EASE) techniques, and emotion regulation through humor. Social interventions encompass social skills group interventions and group cognitive behavioral therapy. Recreational interventions involve music therapy, therapeutic horseback riding, and drama-based interventions. A comprehensive review of these methods indicates that most interventions have demonstrated improvements in emotion regulation among adolescents with autism; however, individual approaches require further research and refinement. This paper contributes to the existing literature on emotion regulation and intervention for adolescents with autism and lays a foundation for future research directions.
The Relationship Between Parental Autonomy Support, Psychological Control, and Academic Adaptation of Middle School Students: The Mediation of Parent-child Relationship and Self-efficacy
Authors: Yi Ziwei
Published: January 2025

In the current contemporary competitive social environment, the academic adaptation (AA) is crucial to personal growth and future development. Many studies have shown that family parenting styles (PSs) significantly impact the academic adaptation. Nonetheless, the existing comprehension of the underlying mechanisms by which parental autonomy support (AS) and psychological control (PC) within family parenting styles influence the academic adjustment of middle school adolescents remains insufficiently elucidated. Therefore, this study explored in depth the influencing mechanism of parental AS, PC, and AA of middle school kids, while analyzing the mediators, i.e., parent-child interactions and self-efficacy (SE). The study results found that parental AS positively influenced academic adaption, whereas PC negatively affected it. The parent-child relationship and SE served as mediators in the relationship between the two variables. This study could be beneficial to improving family PSs and promoting the academic growth of middle school kids, while also emphasizing the significance of building positive parent-child bonds and enhancing students' SE in family parenting.
The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Music Therapy on Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Wang Jiayin
Published: January 2025

The increasing prevalence of anxiety disorders is closely linked to rising social pressures. This paper examines the role of traditional and emerging psychotherapy in anxiety disorders, focusing on the characteristics of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Music Therapy. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is designed to help people with anxiety disorders improve core beliefs and correct bad emotions, while Music Therapy helps patients awaken positive emotions and relieve anxiety symptoms. From the perspective of the characteristics of the two treatment methods, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy tends to completely solve the patients' wrong cognition, which reduces the possibility of patients' disease recurrence; from the perspective of art, Music Therapy provides patients with a good rehabilitation environment, moreover, patients feel happy and have more motivation to change their thinking and behaviors. Based on HAMA, STAI, and PSOI, the data showed that anxiety patients experienced reduced anxiety levels and improved sleep quality and quality of life after receiving both therapies. This study provides valuable insights into the unique benefits of CBT and Music Therapy, helping therapists and patients make informed decisions regarding the most suitable treatment options for reducing anxiety.
Application and Prospect of Bio-antibiotics and mRNA Vaccines in the Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Infections and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Zhang Yichi
Published: January 2025

This paper delves into the application and prospects of bio-antibiotics and mRNA vaccines in preventing and treating bacterial infections and infectious diseases. Against the backdrop of the increasingly serious antibiotic resistance issue, the effectiveness of traditional antibiotic treatments is challenged, while bio-antibiotics and mRNA vaccines, as novel treatment methods, are emerging. Bio-antibiotics, derived from organisms or bioengineered, possess advantages such as antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and reduced resistance risk, showing broad prospects in treating multi-drug-resistant bacteria infections, special types of infections, and preventive medication. mRNA vaccines, by introducing mRNA encoding pathogen antigens to stimulate the human immune response, are characterized by rapid development, high efficiency, and safety, playing a crucial role in infectious disease prevention and control, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic when the successful development and widespread application of mRNA vaccines significantly reduced the infection rate and mortality. The article also analyzes successful cases of bio-antibiotics and mRNA vaccines in practical applications and the challenges they face, such as extraction and purification techniques, stability, delivery systems, long-term safety, and regulatory policies, and proposes future research directions and prospects. In conclusion, bio-antibiotics and mRNA vaccines, as novel treatment, have great application potential and will bring new hope and opportunities to the global public health field.
Non-coding RNAs in Tumor Biology: Exploring miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs Roles and Therapeutic Potentials
Authors: Zhang Tianhao
Published: January 2025

Tumorigenesis and progression are complex process with multifarious molecules and related mechanisms, while most of them are still elusive. Most research into the mechanisms of cancer today are focusing on encoding RNAs. However, for the past few years as the emergence and development of epigenetics, a kind of new molecule: non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), RNAs without protein-coding function, have gained prominence in recent scientific discussions. Since the first ncRNA was discovered in 1990s, extensive research has shown that ncRNAs significantly influence processes such as cell growth, differentiation, metabolic regulation, and programmed cell death at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional stages. By means of acting as the tumor suppression and oncogenesis, research has identified several ncRNAs with abnormal expression patterns in cancer cells, marking them as primary oncogenic factors or valuable targets in cancer treatment. This review focus on three kinds of ncRNA, MicroRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), the molecule structure, generative mechanism, characteristic function and regulatory mechanism in tumor progression. In addition, we will discuss the application value and future expiration of the therapeutic that are focusing on ncRNA, that will open up a new idea and methods for the treatment of cancer for future investigation.
Blocking PD-1 and Tim-3 Pathways to Overcome CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion and Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy Efficacy
Authors: Zhang Yuhan
Published: January 2025

Although significant progress has been made in cancer immunotherapy in recent years, its overall efficacy remains limited in a large number of patients. The interaction between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and CD8+ T cells is one of the core topics in cancer immunotherapy research. CD8+ T cells can play an anti-tumor role by recognizing and killing virus-infected or mutated cells. However, in the TME, as the tumor compresses immune cells, the function of them is impaired, and studies have found that relying on PD-1 alone is not enough to resist tumor cells. Therefore, by blocking the PD-1 and Tim-3 pathways to interfere with CD8+ T cell exhaustion (TEX), the performance of CD8+ T cells can be maximized, their survival period extended, and the efficacy of positive cancer immunotherapy improved. For patients with cancer who have failed to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapy, multi-targeted combination therapy may achieve better results.
Research on Conjecture of Dark Energy
Authors: Deng Junyue
Published: January 2025

An in-depth exploration of the origin of dark energy is undertaken. Dark energy is a fascinating and mysterious concept within the realm of astrophysics. It was discovered through a series of astronomical observations and theoretical studies. For instance, the observation of distant supernovae revealed the accelerating expansion of the universe, leading to the postulation of an unknown forcedark energy. The crucial role played by dark energy in the universe is then delved into. It is now widely accepted that dark energy is responsible for accelerating the expansion of the universe. This has significant implications for the understanding of the cosmos and its ultimate fate. Next, the relationship between other matter in relation to celestial bodies and dark energy is examined. Black holes and dark matter are two important components of the universe that have a complex interaction with dark energy. Having immense gravitational pulls, black holes and dark matter, which is believed to make up a large portion of the total matter in the universe, both influence the distribution and behavior of dark energy. The current inferences about dark energy and some famous hypotheses put forward by renowned scientists are also discussed. These hypotheses range from modifications of general relativity to the existence of extra dimensions and new forms of matter. Finally, personal thoughts and speculations on the relationship between dark energy and the higher-dimensional universe are offered. The idea of a higher-dimensional universe has intrigued scientists for decades, and there is growing interest in exploring whether dark energy could be related to these hidden dimensions. This could potentially open up new avenues for understanding the fundamental nature of the universe and its mysteries
Research Related to Turbofan Engines
Authors: SIN LAU NGA
Published: January 2025

The development of aerospace technology has become a topic of daily concern and discussion for the benefit of all mankind. As the global temperature rises, the living environment of human beings is threatened, and scientists have decided to work on the development of aerospace technology in order to solve this problem and meet people's needs. Looking at the aviation industry, which is currently accessible to most people, aviation scientists are focusing on aircraft engines. There are different types of engines such as turbojet engines, turbofan engines, paddle fan engines and so on, but the type of engine that meets the needs of most people today is the turbofan engine. This paper introduced the basic information of turbofan engine in the context of literature, for example, the characteristics of turbofan engine such as high efficiency, high thrust, low noise, high reliability, and the problem of durability of high-temperature components that it faces, which can be improved from the research and development of advanced materials and innovative cooling technology
The Monte Carlo Model and Its Application
Authors: Tang Jiayi
Published: January 2025

This research mainly investigated the Monte Carlo model through literature review and case analysis. This research provides an example of the area of a circle to quickly understand what a Monte Carlo model is. Through Monte Carlo, this paper introduced some other algorithms based on it, such as Markov chain, Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm and Metropolis algorithm. In addition, the Ising model was introduced and it was found that the model can calculate the energy change corresponding to different probabilities of spin acceptance or rejection flip using the Boltzmann distribution at the same temperature. The main objective of this research is that most Ising models occur in high-dimensional states, changing the spin will affect the adjacent spins, and the difficulty of calculating the energy changes increases dramatically with increasing dimensions. Research has found that Monte Carlo methods enable Ising model problems in high-dimensional or complex interactions to be effectively solved through Monte Carlo simulations. Through extensive random sampling and statistical processing, Monte Carlo simulations can estimate the transition behavior of each spin
Advancing Emotion Recognition in Wearable Devices: Core Technologies, Challenges and Practical Solutions
Authors: NI YUWEI
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews the advancements and challenges in emotion recognition systems, focusing on their applications in wearable devices. It examines core technologiesmultimodal data fusion, deep learning models, and personalized frameworksin addressing critical issues such as data quality, computational efficiency, and privacy protection. By highlighting innovative solutions, including edge computing, lightweight architectures, and advanced privacy-preserving techniques, the paper emphasizes their role in enhancing the robustness, scalability, and security. By integrating real-world applications with state-of-the-art methodologies, this review underscores the transformative potential of wearable emotion recognition technologies for enhancing well-being and daily life. This review also examines current challenges in emotion recognition and provides potential solutions to address these issues
Recent Research Progress in Microchannel Heat Sink Technology
Authors: Xu Yang
Published: January 2025

As electronic devices continue to miniaturize and experience higher power densities, thermal management has become a critical factor limiting their performance and reliability. Microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) have emerged as a promising heat dissipation solution due to their excellent thermal performance and compact structure. Thermal resistance and pump power are two key performance indicators of MCHS. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to enhance the heat dissipation capacity of MCHS and reduce pump power, leading to numerous research achievements. This paper reviews the recent progress in microchannel heat sink research, including its working principles, design optimization, manufacturing processes, performance evaluation, and applications in various fields. Additionally, the challenges faced by MCHS and future development directions are discussed
Research on Optimal Crop Planting Strategy Based on Improved Quantum Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Deng Sihan , Li Haichao , Tian Keran
Published: January 2025

In order to effectively cope with the complex agricultural environment and market uncertainty, this study proposed a crop planting optimization strategy based on the improved quantum genetic algorithm (QGA). Single-objective and multi-objective optimization models were proposed, focusing on profit maximization and risk balance under market fluctuations. The single-objective model used QGA to evaluate the optimal planting scheme under surplus and discount sales scenarios, and analyzed the crop area distribution and total income. For multi-objective optimization, the enhanced MO-QGA model combined with orthogonal experimental design generated a scheme that maximized expected income while minimizing the worst outcome. In addition, this study combined Pearson correlation and hierarchical clustering to quantify the substitutability and complementarity of crops, and optimized the planting strategy through crop combination analysis. The experimental results show that the enhanced QGA effectively balances profits and risks, and the effect is significantly better than traditional methods, which is conducive to improving agricultural decision-making efficiency
Comparison of Manual and Robotic Food Transportation in Small Restaurants
Authors: Zhang Shuzhi
Published: January 2025

In the catering industry, with the development of science and technology, more and more robots are used in catering services, especially in small restaurants, and meal transportation robots have become the first choice for some operators. This review will compare the cost, efficiency (including speed, reliability, accuracy), and customer experience and satisfaction between food delivery robots and manual transportation. Although the development trend of robotics in the catering industry is improving, there are still many challenges in the future, including the use of robots in complex environments, which requires more resources to be invested in research
The Role of Applied Mathematics in Typhoon Hazard Assessment: From Statistical Models to Risk Prediction
Authors: Yuan Jiayue
Published: January 2025

Typhoons, as tropical cyclones occurring in the western Pacific, are one of the most destructive natural disasters, often causing severe impacts on coastal areas. With the gradual increase in typhoon intensity, predicting typhoon paths and their strengths is crucial to mitigate their threat to human lives and economic infrastructure. In recent years, the importance of applied mathematics, especially statistical modelling, in typhoon hazard assessment has become increasingly prominent. This paper discusses the application of statistical models such as extreme value theory, time series analysis and multiple regression analysis in typhoon risk prediction, aiming to reveal the key role of applied mathematics in typhoon disaster assessment, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the accuracy of prediction and formulating effective response strategies. Through this study, it helps to improve the accuracy of typhoon track and intensity prediction, and provides scientific support for coping with the increasing typhoon disasters. In addition, this study provides an important theoretical basis and reference direction for relevant departments to formulate disaster prevention and mitigation strategies
The Exploration of Rapid Advancement of Vehicles
Authors: Jiang Zhaoyang
Published: January 2025

Over the past century, autonomous vehicles have grown remarkably in the automobile sector in terms of price, safety, and dependability. People are already living in the age of driverless cars because of tremendous developments in computing, networking, and other technology. Numerous autonomous automobile prototype models have undergone testing, with test drives totaling several miles. The automotive industry saw explosive growth in the early 20th century thanks to mass production techniques pioneered by companies like Ford, which began with the invention of the internal combustion engine in the late 19th century. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), sensors, and machine learning have made a reality for self-driving. These systems rely on a combination of technologies like LIDAR, radar, cameras, and neural networks to navigate and make real-time decisions. This improves safety and reduces the human error. This paper is fully researching how and why the rapid advancement of vehicles and the function of some elements, such as AI. The meaning of the study is to know the trend of vehicles in recent years, how to improve more and how people can make this trend more substantial
A Study on an Artificial Intelligence Prediction Method for Current Fluctuations Based on Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Huang Zhaozhang
Published: January 2025

With the increasing complexity of power systems and higher demands for stability, accurately predicting current fluctuations is crucial. This study proposes an artificial intelligence prediction method combined with multivariate analysis, utilizing multidimensional information such as historical current data, new energy generation output, and meteorological conditions, and modeling through Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. This method optimizes the data processing process and improves the model's ability to adapt to dynamic changes in data. The results show that the proposed method effectively enhances the prediction accuracy of current fluctuations, providing practical value for grid operation and maintenance as well as fault warnings
Exploring Mechanisms and Management of Drug Tolerance and Resistance in Schizophrenia
Authors: Tang Haotian
Published: January 2025

Schizophrenia is a multifaceted mental disorder affecting approximately 1% of the global population, significantly disrupting cognitive function, emotion, and behaviour. Antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment, targeting neurotransmitter regulation to alleviate symptoms. However, long-term use often leads to drug tolerance and resistance, diminishing treatment effectiveness and potentially exacerbating the patient's condition. This article examines the mechanisms and contributing factors associated with drug tolerance and resistance in schizophrenia, focusing on adaptive changes in neurotransmitter systems, alterations in drug metabolism, and neural remodeling. It explores the interplay of biological, environmental, and treatment-related influences on therapeutic outcomes and identifies common patterns in tolerance and resistance manifestations. Furthermore, the article proposes practical management strategies, including drug rotation, dosage adjustments, combination therapies, and the utilization of next-generation antipsychotics. By providing clinicians with insights into tailoring treatment approaches to individual patient needs, this study aims to improve the overall management of schizophrenia. A deeper understanding of drug tolerance and resistance is essential for optimizing treatment efficacy and enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals. Future research directions are also suggested to better elucidate the genetic underpinnings of these phenomena, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies.
Introduction of 2D materials heterostructures' properties
Authors: Zhang Shuheng
Published: January 2025

Since the successful fabrication and characterization of graphene, it has demonstrated many unprecedented exceptional properties, garnering extensive attention and research interest. Simultaneously, studies on graphene have propelled the development of research into other two-dimensional (2D) materials. Research in this field has achieved significant breakthroughs and rapid progress, establishing itself as a prominent focus in condensed matter physics and materials science. Initially, studies on 2D materials primarily concentrated on single-layer 2D materials. Later, researchers discovered that stacking two or more different 2D materials could also result in the formation of novel 2D materials, collectively referred to as 2D material heterostructures. 2D material heterostructures have attracted substantial interest in condensed matter physics and materials science due to their unique nanoscale properties. These heterostructures demonstrate remarkable optical and electronic characteristics, making them ideal candidates for the development of atomically thin devices. This review summarizes recent advancements in 2D material heterostructure research and explores potential future directions and developments in this rapidly evolving field
Overseas Expansion of Chinese Winter Sports Science and Technology Enterprise Taking Love Ski as an Example
Authors: Ji Jing
Published: January 2025

With the vigorous development of Chinese winter sports, the international expansion of science and technology enterprises has become an important way to enhance the competitiveness of the industry. From the perspective of the current market situation, Europe accounts for 45% of the global ski market but faces challenges such as climate warming, rising costs, and sharp decline in tourists, while North America accounts for 25% and remains stable. The Asia-Pacific region accounts for 20%, and China has the fastest growth. This market landscape provides opportunities for Chinese enterprises, especially in the output of intelligent solutions and operational optimization services. However, enterprises still need to deal with challenges such as market uncertainty, cultural differences, and legal compliance. In response to these challenges, enterprises need to increase technology research and development, establish a cross-cultural service system, build overseas branches, expand marketing channels, and improve business models. Taking Love Ski Sports Development Company Limited (Love Ski) as an example, this paper discusses the pathway for enterprises to achieve internationalization through strategies such as technological innovation, cross-cultural services, and localized operations, and provides a practical reference for the industry.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on ESGEvidence from the Listed Companies in China
Authors: Li Shuhua
Published: January 2025

In the digital economy era, the influence of digital transformation on enterprises' ESG performance has received extensive attention. This article selects Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022 as samples, constructs a digital transformation index encompassing five dimensions: artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, blockchain, and digital technology application, and employs the ESG rating data from Huazheng to measure enterprises' ESG performance. The research discovers that digital transformation significantly and positively affects enterprises' ESG performance. Particularly when external supervision is relatively weak, its promoting effect is more pronounced. Digital transformation enhances enterprises' risk-taking capacity by optimizing resource allocation, strengthening green technology innovation, and improving the quality of information disclosure, thereby elevating enterprises' value creation ability. This article expands the literature research on the influencing factors of enterprises' ESG performance from the micro level of digital transformation, which holds significant importance for improving the digitalization strategies and governance systems of listed companies, further standardizing corporate governance, and enhancing enterprise value.
The Spillover Effects of Cryptocurrency Trading Ban and Social Media on Domestic Fintech
Authors: Chen Sijia
Published: January 2025

In 2021, China implemented a sweeping cryptocurrency trading ban, significantly disrupting the cryptocurrency market. However, the impact of this regulatory action on domestic fintech companies has largely been overlooked. This paper investigates two key research questions: first, whether the 2021 Chinese cryptocurrency trading ban had spillover effects on the domestic fintech sector, and second, whether crypto-related social media sentiment influenced fintech companies differently before and after the ban. To address these questions, we employ a GARCH(1,1) model to analyze market volatility and trends. Additionally, we train a fine-tuned BERT model to enhance the accuracy of social media sentiment analysis. Our findings reveal that the cryptocurrency ban not only directly impacted the crypto market but also led to significant negative spillover effects on fintech firms. Following the ban, social media sentimentespecially concerning Bitcoinbecame a dominant factor, with fintech companies serving as a proxy for exposure to the digital finance sector. Positive sentiment surrounding cryptocurrencies served as a critical signal for speculative interest in fintech stocks post-ban.
Gender Equality and Economic Development: A Cross-country Comparative Study
Authors: Xu Linhan
Published: January 2025

This article aims to explore the relationship between gender equality and economic development. Through a comparative analysis of data from different countries, the article reveals the positive impact of gender equality on economic growth, employment rates, education levels, and health indicators. The study finds that gender equality is not only a fundamental human right but also a key driver of economic development. Gender equality can contribute to the diversification of the labor market and increase the proportion of women participating in economic activities, thereby increasing overall economic output. In addition, gender equality is associated with investment in education and improved health, which together work to increase a country's human capital and productivity. The article concludes with policy recommendations highlighting the role that governments and international organizations should play in promoting gender equality and how legislative, educational, and sociocultural reforms can be used to achieve gender equality and, in turn, promote economic development.
The role of generative AI in cyber security
Authors: Curran Kevin , Curran Ethan , Killen Joseph , Duffy Cormac
Published: January 2025

In the ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become popular into safeguarding digital assets and sensitive information for organisations throughout the world. This evolution of technology has given rise to a proliferation of cyber threats, necessitating robust cybersecurity measures. Traditional approaches to cybersecurity often struggle to keep pace with these rapidly evolving threats. To address this challenge, Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) has emerged as a transformative sentinel. Generative AI leverages advanced machine learning techniques to autonomously generate data, text, and solutions, and it holds the potential to revolutionize cybersecurity by enhancing threat detection, incident response, and security decision-making processes. We explore here the pivotal role that Generative AI plays in the realm of cybersecurity, delving into its core concepts, applications, and its potential to shape the future of digital security.
Enhanced inclusion and accessibility in education and training through virtual worlds
Authors: Anastasovitis Eleftherios , Roumeliotis Manos
Published: January 2025

Based on the evolution of immersive technologies, both in software and hardware, this article proposes a methodology for creating accessible and inclusive virtual worlds, with potential impacts on education, training, and lifelong learning. Through this paradigm, the combination of real and virtual cosmos generates new challenges in accessibility and inclusion. The co-existence of virtuality in tangible real life could be extended respectively in a wide spectrum of everyday life for enhanced inclusion and accessibility. New business models and even more accessible services in training and education could be raised through this suggestion. Metaverse, omniverse, and the advancements in extended reality equipment are the main allies in this endeavor. Artificial intelligence and enhanced experiences via advanced immersion could find easily their role in the context of meaningful virtual worlds in lifelong learning. As we are in the dove of the Metaverse era this is a unique opportunity to build accessible and inclusive virtual worlds from the very beginning.
Integration of Leap Motion sensor with camera for better performance in hand tracking
Authors: Mahdikhanlou Khadijeh , Ebrahimnezhad Hossein
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a framework for hand tracking in human-computer interaction applications. Leap Motion is used today as a popular interface in virtual reality and computer games. In this study, we evaluated the merits and drawbacks of this device. The limitations of this device restrict the user’s free movement. The purpose of this study is to find an optimal solution for using Leap Motion. We propose a framework to estimate the pose of the hand in a bigger space around Leap Motion. Our framework uses an integration of Leap Motion with a camera that are placed in two different places to capture the information of the hand from various views. The experiments are designed based on the common tasks in the human-computer interaction applications. The finding of this study demonstrates that the proposed framework increases the precise interaction space.
Editorial: Navigating the convergence of AI and the Metaverse
Authors: Zhang Luyao
Published: January 2025

As we present Volume 5, Issue 2 of Metaverse, we find ourselves at a pivotal juncture where artificial intelligence (AI) and the metaverse intersect, heralding transformative changes across various domains. This edition delves into the multifaceted applications of AI within the metaverse, exploring its potential to revolutionize manufacturing, education, cultural heritage conservation, and beyond. The convergence of AI and the metaverse is not merely a technological phenomenon but a philosophical and cultural shift that reflects humanity’s aspirations for a more interconnected and intelligent future. As Alan Turing, often regarded as the father of AI, stated, “Instead of trying to produce a program to simulate the adult mind, why not rather try to produce one which simulates the child’s?” [1]. This underscores the boundless possibilities of creativity and learning inherent in AI—qualities that now extend into the immersive landscapes of the metaverse.
Subacute thyroiditis presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin and subsequent prolonged hypothyroidism – report of a rare case
Authors: Dalal Yagnya , Mehta Devagna , Shah Nandan , Chitalwala Asjad , Chaudhari Rajkamal
Published: January 2025

Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) poses a great diagnostic challenge to the clinicians and could be caused by infection, inflammation, neoplasm or other miscellaneous conditions. Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory, self-limiting condition and is a very rare cause of PUO. Usually, it presents with anterior neck pain, tender goiter, and rarely with cervical lymphadenopathy. Clinical features of thyrotoxicosis may not be overt. This condition has viral etiology. Painless SAT is rare and can present as PUO. We present a rare case of SAT in a middle-aged male without any neck pain or thyromegaly. Investigations showed low TSH, elevated T3 and T4, raised ESR and CRP. Thyroid antibodies were negative. USG findings were typical of SAT. Tc99 scan showed poor or no uptake. Patient was treated with NSAIDs, oral steroids and beta blockers. He eventually developed hypothyroidism and is on thyroid supplement. We aim to highlight that painless SAT can be a cause of unexplained fever and clinician should keep this possibility in mind even in absence of clinical features of thyrotoxicosis.
Umbilical Cord Care Practices and Knowledge among Primiparous in Northern Ghana.
Authors: Manan Sumani , Nimota Nukpezah , Salifu Abukari
Published: January 2025

Background: Umbilical cord care remains a serious health concern in the rural part of Ghana. The study sought to examine the knowledge and practices concerning umbilical cord care among first-time mothers residing in the Northern regions of Ghana.
Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed using quantitative research approach. The study was conducted among primiparous mothers of neonates seeking postnatal services in rural Ghana. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Frequency, percentages, and bar charts were used to present the data. A chi-square test was carried out to examine the association between demographic variables and knowledge of umbilical cord care.
Results: Most primiparous mothers displayed a commendable level of knowledge regarding cord care, with 95% exhibiting familiarity with essential practices. Notably, 30.7% acknowledged using hot water with salt or holy water from a pastor/mallam for cleansing their baby's umbilical cord/stump, while 39.4% disagreed with this practice. Statistical Analysis (ꭕ2(12.56), p-value <0.001) highlighted a significant association between education and mothers' comprehension of cord care. Moreover, correlations were observed between mothers' knowledge of cord care and factors such as occupation, insurance status, place of residence, place of delivery, and education received regarding cord care.
Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed a disconnect between knowledge and practice regarding newborn umbilical cord care. While it is evident that many individuals are well-informed about proper umbilical cord care, their actions do not align with this knowledge. Additionally, a portion of the population continues to use unapproved substances such as shea butter and toothpaste due to factors like the unavailability of recommended products (such as chlorhexidine gel or methylated spirit), religious considerations, and cultural beliefs.
Rabbit visceral adipose stromal cell reveals phenotype and genotype characteristics of adult mesenchymal stem cell
Authors: Aswin Ahmad , Susilowati Helen , Yudaniayanti Ira , Susanti Lina , Diyantoro Diyantoro , Rodprasert Watchareewan , Kuncorojakti Suryo
Published: January 2025

Background:
As an excellent model for many animal and human disease, rabbits are the third-most used mammal model after mice and rats. Plethora study on the exploration of rabbit mesenchymal stem cell still facing discrepancy especially in the standardization of phenotype and genotype characteristics to support reproducibility in both biomedical and translational research.

Aim:
This study is aimed to evaluate the characterization and differentiation potential of visceral rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Rab-ADMSC).

Methods:
Visceral adipose tissue was obtained from three healthy male White New Zealand rabbits. Cells were further processed and cultivated aseptically. Phenotype and genotype assessment including morphological observation, proliferation capacity, population doubling time, stemness and senescence related genes determination, a set panel of MSC surface markers evaluation and multilineage differentiation were performed in this study.

Results:
Visceral Rab-ADMSC exhibited fibroblast-like shape morphology, and have a plastic adherent ability, expressed stemness (NANOG, SOX2) and senescence (TP53, CDKN1A) related markers. Visceral Rab-ADMSC performs high expression of CD9, moderate expression of CD44 and CD49f, dimly expression of CD105, CD90, CD73 and negative expression CD13 and CD133 as well as CD45 as a hematopoietic stem cell marker. Despite these discrepancies, visceral Rab-ADMSC maintained their ability to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes.

Conclusion:
To recapitulate, visceral Rab-ADMSC reveals the phenotype and genotype characteristic of adult mesenchymal stem cells. The study emphasizes how variations in tissue sources, culture conditions, and techniques can affect the reproducibility and validity of MSC obtained from different specific anatomical depots and species. Thus, the utilization of rabbit MSC as an animal model in biomedical and translational studies should be done with full caution to avoid data misinterpretation.
Camel milk: Nutritional composition, therapeutic properties and benefits for human health
Authors: Alhassani Walaa
Published: January 2025

Camel's milk is a widely consumed staple meal, especially in areas with dry and somewhat dry climates. Camel milk is rich in valuable ingredients, including lactoferrin and zinc, lactoactive peptides, and mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which support optimal health. These compounds have the potential to effectively treat various prominent human illnesses, such as tuberculosis (TB), asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, and jaundice. The composition of camel's milk is more varied than that of cow's milk. The composition of camel milk is primarily influenced by nutrition, breed, age, and lactation stage. The composition of camel's milk exhibits significant variation based on the geographical region and season. These whey proteins possess distinct physical, chemical, physiological, functional, and technological attributes that provide benefits in culinary uses and have high nutritional worth. Hydrolysis breaks down the proteins in camel's milk into bioactive peptides, which have physiological effects on the body's major organ systems. Camel milk, rich in essential fats, proteins, lactose, and minerals, positively impacts the treatment of diabetes, hepatitis C, and allergies and improves antioxidant enzyme levels in autistic children and tuberculosis patients. The review explores camel milk's therapeutic properties, nutritional composition, and implications for treating specific diseases and improving human healthcare.
Phylogenetic analysis blaTEM gene of Escherichia coli isolated from cave bats in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Agustin Alfiana , Effendi Mustofa , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Plumeriastuti Hani , Khairullah Aswin , Ekawasti Fitrine , Moses Ikechukwu , Kinasih Kurnia , Kusala Muhammad , Mustika Yolla , Fauziah Ima , Wibowo Syahputra
Published: January 2025

Background:
The blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV are the result of mutations in the ESBL enzyme which can be seen genotypically. Wild bats have never received antibiotic therapy, the presence of AMR in bats indicates the level of AMR in the environment, the circulation of ESBL Escherichia coli between humans or animals in Indonesia and wild animals is still not widely known. Whole genome sequencing is used to determine the circulation of ESBL Escherichia coli in detail.

Aim:
Our research aims to determine the genetic level of relatedness of blaTEM samples of cave bat isolates in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

Methods:
This research is a laboratory exploration to detect ESBL genes in guano isolate samples from cave bats in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Samples were obtained by swabbing the rectum of live bats caught from caves on the island of West Nusa Tenggara Province, namely Lawah Cave and Saung Pengembur Cave. A total of 50 samples from Lawah cave and 85 samples from Saung Pengembur cave were identified to find an Escherichia coli bacteria using Gram-stain test and IMViC for biochemical test from isolates which showed a metallic green color on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media. Escherichia coli isolates were tested for sensitivity using antibiotics, followed by a polymerase chain reaction test showed positive results for the blaTEM gene and phylogenetic analysis to determine relationships.

Results:
Phylogenetic analysis shows a genetic closeness between the isolates from Lawah cave and Saung Pengembur cave is 95%. Between samples from Lawah and Saung Pengembur cave, we found there was a closeness of 86% to the E. coli strain A2-2 sample from Thailand with the code OR680712.1. at GenBank.

Conclusion:
The blaTEM gene characteristics of bat isolates from West Nusa Tenggara are close to pig isolates from Thailand. The genetic proximity between blaTEM gene samples from Lawah Cave and Saung Pengembar Cave analyzed using the phylogenetic tree shows a closeness to samples from Thailand, even though they come from samples with distant locations, which can have a negative impact on human health.