bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الكفايات المهارية اللازمة لمدرسات مادة التربية الفنية في المرحلة المتوسطة
Authors: مرهج م.م ميادة حسن
Published: January 2021

تتجلى أهمية هذا البحث في تطوير الأداء لمدرسات مادة التربية الفنية في المرحلة المتوسطة وتحديث برامج اعدادهن بشكل اكثر فاعلية ، ومن خلال هذه الدراسة تحدد الكفايات المهارية اللازمة للمدرسات ومستوى أهميتها في تطوير أدائهن مهنياً وعلمياً وتقدمهن نحو المستقبل الأفضل لتحقيق مستوى فعال. بناءً على ذلك تم تحديد مجتمع البحث الذي يتكون من المدارس المتوسطة للبنات الصباحية التابعة للمديرية العامة لتربية بغداد الرصافة / الثالثة، وقد كان حجم عينة المدرسات في هذه المدارس (68) مُدرسة تشكل نسبة 88.31 % من المجتمع الكلي للمدرسات. أما بالنسبة لأداة البحث فقد اعتمدت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي. ولغرض التحقق من نتائج البحث فقد استعملت الباحثة  الوسائل الاحصائية الآتية:- الوسط المرجح، الوزن المئوي، معامل ارتباط بيرسون، الاختبار التائي ، تحليل التباين . أما أهم النتائج هي : حققت بعض الكفايات المهارية لدى عينة البحث درجة عالية في مستوى التحقق ، وحسب المجالات الموضوعة، وقد احتل مجال العلاقات الانسانية والاجتماعية أعلى درجة من بين المجالات، بينما احتل مجال التطوير الذاتي أدنى درجة من بين العشرة مجالات الموضوعة.
The Contractor’s Obligations in the Code of Egypt and the General Conditions of Contract in Iran
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammad
Published: January 2021

The contractor should construct the intended goods or object according to the contract and deliver it to the employer. The contractor’s commitments include performing the action or the construction of the product, submitting the constructed product to the employer, and being responsible for it after submission. The main obligations of the contractor are the performance of the action and the construction of the intended object according to the content of the contract. In this article, the contractor’ commitments in the Law of Egypt and some other Arabian countries along with the General Conditions of Contract in Iran will be investigated.
Siyasetin Yargısallaşması Üzerine Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi
Authors: ERDAL Muhammet
Published: January 2021

Siyasetin yargısallaşması yargı organlarının, yasama organları üzerinde kontrol mekanizması aracılığıyla, yasama organı üzerine siyasal bir etki yaratabilmesidir. Siyasaldır, çünkü siyaset tarafından oluşturulmakta ve siyasal kurumları kontrol edebilmektedir. Bu çalışma, yüksek mahkemeler ve siyaset arasındaki ilişkiyi, siyasetin yargısallaşması ile anayasal denetimin inşa edilmesi veya  dönüştürülmesiyle ilgili farklı teorik yaklaşımları tartışmaktadır. Siyasetin yargısallaşması, yasama ve yürütme erklerini sınırlaması açısından siyasetle yakından ve doğrudan ilişkilidir. Genelde yargı, özelde de anayasa mahkemesi gibi yüksek mahkemeler, önemli birtakım ulusal hatta uluslararası konulardaki denetim yetkileriyle yasama, yürütme, silahlı kuvvetler, uluslararası aktörler, STK’lar arasında başat bir aktör haline gelmiştir. Tüm demokrasilerde kuvvetler ayrılığının en önemli göstergelerinden biri olarak anayasal denetimi bazıları, siyasilere duyulan güvensizlik çerçevesinde, eski iktidar sahiplerinin ve/veya devlet elitlerinin bir tür hegemonik koruyucusu olarak değerlendirirken, bazıları ise anayasa yargısının bireysel haklar ve özgürlüklerin korunması için olmazsa olmaz olduğunu öne sürmektedir.
Permainan Edukatif dan Kreatif Ular Tangga Menurunkan Dampak Negatif Gadget pada Anak
Authors: Julianti Erna , Elni Elni
Published: January 2021

The gadgetis one of the current technology development used by all groups of people, including children. School-age children (7-11 years old) use a gadget since their parents are busy to work and the price of the gadget is getting cheaper due to market competition. The frequently occurred problem these days is that children often use their gadgets to play games more than studying or playing outside their house with their same-age friends.  When the children at home, it gets difficult to communicate with them, they are being indifferent and do not respond to what their parents say.  Besides, the gadget also causes a problem in children’s motor development and eye health.  This community service was conducted at a public elementary school, namely SD Negeri 21 Pangkal pinang. It was conducted in December 2019. The target was elementary level students. The method of this community service was done through an educative and creative, namely snake and ladder. The result showed a significant average value between the knowledge before (pre-test) and after the treatment (post-test) by using the educative and creative, namely snake and ladder. There was an increase in the average value of children’s knowledge after playing snake and ladder game by 18.69. It is expected that there is supervision from the family when the students use a gadget. Family is also expected to explain the information obtained by the children from the Internet and also give the children a duration when playing games using a gadget to prevent them from its negative impacts, such as vision problems.
Perlindungan Hukum Industri Kecil Menengah Batik Masaran Sragen
Authors: Kristianto Djoko , Kusumastuti Dora
Published: January 2021

Batik Masaran Sragen regency is a batik industrial center that has great potential and has distinctive characteristics and is rich in both contemporary and modern motifs. However, from the potential of batik still has constraints and obstacles that are still found the low understanding of the importance of IPR protection both on copyright and brand rights, another constraint is the limited marketing is still using conventional models that do not have online media to reach the audience which is wider. The purpose of this community service activity is to conduct counseling and training on copyright and brand rights, as well as website creation training. The method used is through training, mentoring to partners and monitoring although community service activities have been completed to maintain the sustainability of the program. The impact of community service activities is that there has been a change of mindset about the importance of copyright and brand protection, as well as changes in marketing patterns from direct sales to sales through social media. Key Words : Copyrights Batik, Right Brand Batik, Marketing Batik
Whole-genome sequence of a novel, mangrove-derived streptomycete, Streptomyces malaysiense strain MUSC 136T
Authors: Ser Hooi-Leng , Tan Wen-Si , Yin Wai-Fong , Chan Kok-Gan , Lee Learn-Han
Published: January 2021

Since the discovery of streptomycin from Streptomyces griseus in the early 1940s, streptomycetes from various environments have been studied thoroughly for the ability to produce bioactive compounds including antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antifungal as well as immunomodulatory properties. Previously identified as a novel strain from a mangrove forest in Malaysia, Streptomyces malaysiense MUSC 136T was selected for genome sequencing to explore its genomic potential. The genomic size comprises of 7,963,326 bp with a G+C content of 72.2% and a total of 6,614 proteincoding genes. As an attempt to investigate the types of biosynthetic gene cluster present in the MUSC 136T, the whole genome sequence was analyzed with a bioinformatics tool, antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell (antiSMASH). Using the “strict” prediction method, a total of seven biosynthetic gene clusters which displayed similarity of more than 80% to known gene clusters including ectoine, geosmin as well as desferrioxamine. Apart from emphasizing the importance of streptomycetes from unique environments like mangrove forest, the current study serves as a foundation for future studies on the role of specific genes present in biosynthetic gene clusters which enables the exploitation of MUSC 136T to synthesize important and valuable compounds.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERKEMBANGAN DESA SIAGA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KERUMUTAN PANGKALAN KERINCI TAHUN 2013
Authors: Ardenny Ardenny , W Delvira
Published: January 2021

Pembangunan kesehatan menuju Indonesia Sehat 2020 bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, kemauan dan kemampuan hidup sehat bagi setiap orang agar terwujud derajat kesehatan masyarakat setinggi–tingginya melalui terciptanya masyarakat, bangsa dan negara Indonesia yang ditandai dengan penduduknya yang hidup dengan perilaku dalam lingkungan yang sehat memiliki kemampuan untuk menjangkau pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu secara adil dan merata. Hal ini didasari dari paradigma sehat antara lain terjadinya pergeseran dari pelayanan medis kepemulihan kesehatan sehingga setiap upaya penanggulangan masalah kesehatan lebih menonjolkan aspek peningkatan (promotif), pencegahan (preventif) dibanding pengobatan (kuratif). Langkah nyata untuk mewujudkan sasaran tersebut telah terbit SK/MENKES/No. 564/ 2006 tentang pedoman pelaksanaan desa siaga dengan mengambil kebijakan bahwa seluruh desa di Indonesia menjadi desa siaga pada akhir tahun 2008 (Depkes RI, 2007). Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi perkembangan desa siaga di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kerumutan Pangkalan Kerinci. Jenis Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif korelasi dengan rancangan chi square. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan stratified random sampling yaitu sebanyak 212 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah univariat (central tendency) dan bivariate (uji chi square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik terdapat sebagian besar tidak tersedianya bidan di desa siaga yaitu sebanyak 115 orang (54,2%), kader tidak aktif dalam kegiatan desa siaga yaitu sebanyak 113 orang (53,3%), dan sarana prasarana tidak tersedia di desa siaga yaitu sebanyak 109 orang (51,4%).Sedangkan hubungan antar variabel di dapatkan data bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor bidan (p=0,001), kader (p=0,001), dan sarana prasarana (p=0,001) terhadap perkembangan desa siaga di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kerumutan Pangkalan Kerinci. Disarankan pada responden masyarakat dapat meningkatkan kesadarannya dalam meningkatakan derajat kesehatan melalui pembinaan oleh bidan desa dan kader kesehatan yang sudah terlatih. Peran serta masyarakat dalam pengembangan desa siaga juga memberikan kontribusi dalam mewujudkan derajat kesehatan yang optimal.
GAMBARAN SUHU BAYI BARU LAHIR 6 JAM PASCA KELAHIRAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DIMANDIKAN SELAMA 5 MENIT
Authors: METHA J. M.
Published: January 2021

Bayi baru lahir secara alami melakukan adaptasi suhu tubuh dari lingkungan intra ke ekstrauterin. Bayi baru lahir cepat dan mudah kehilangan panas tubuhnya; oleh sebab itu, waktu memandikan bayi setelah kelahiran harus diperhatikan dengan seksama untuk mencegah hipotermia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran suhu bayi baru lahir 6 jam pasca kelahiran sebelum dan sesudah dimandikan selama 5 menit. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional, yang dilakukan dari Januari hingga Juni 2015 di Rumah Bersalin Afiyah di Pekanbaru. Sampel dilakukan mengunakan teknik accidental sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 30 bayi baru lahir. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara primer dengan observasi atau pengamatan. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisa univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu seluruh bayi sebelum dimandikan adalah normal dan, setelah dimandikan pada enam jam setelah kelahiran, keseluruhan 30 bayi tersebut mengalami penurun suhu 0,20C-0,50C. Dari hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa memandikan bayi seharusnya menunggu hingga tubuh bayi stabil, paling tidak pada enam jam setelah kelahiran.
ANALISIS JENIS JENIS LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KONSELING DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA DI POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN KEMENKES RIAU TAHUN 2015
Authors: IDAYANTI IDAYANTI , Ardenny Ardenny
Published: January 2021

Layanan Bimbingan konseling di perguruan tinggi merupakan bagian integral dari pendidikan di Indonesia dan sangat diperlukan, mengingat problema yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa dalam perkembangan  studinya, dimana belajar di perguruan tinggi memiliki karakteristik yang sangat berbeda dengan belajar di sekolah lanjutan. Karakteristik dari studi di  perguruan tinggi adalah kemandirian, baik dalam kegiatan belajar dan pemilihan program studinya  maupun dalam pengelolaan dirinya sebagai mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk  mengetahui jenis jenis layanan bimbingan konseling dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian triangulasi methode. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 02 November s.d  08 Desember 2015. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau sebanyak 614 orang dan jumlah sampel sebesar 165 orang terdiri dari mahasiswa dan dosen. Analisis data kualitatif menggunakan thematic analysis. Selanjutnya, pada tahapan kedua, data kuantitatif menggunakan analisis multivariat dengan pendekatan regresi logistik. Jenis layanan bimbingan dan konseling di lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau adalah layanan penyuluhan Faktor yang mempengaruhi layanan bimbingan konseling adalah faktor Pendidikan yang meliputi faktor demokrasi (p value 0,00), faktor perubahan sistem pendidikan ( p value 0,004 ), dan faktor perluasan progaram pendidikan (p value 0,019). Faktor  sosiokultural (p value 0,004), dan faktor psikologis ( p value 0,009). Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi layanan bimbingan konseling di lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau adalah faktor Pendidikan yaitu faktor demokrasi dengan peluang 4,49 kali mempengaruhi layanan konseling dibandingkan dengan pendidikan tanpa demokrasi (C.I. 1,49-13,52). Sedangkan variabel yang menjadi counfounding adalah variabel perluasan program pendidikan.Disarankan kepada seluruh dosen berperan aktif dalam mendukung program bimbingan konseling di lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau sebagai bentuk perhatian terhadap kualitas layanan pendidikan.
Development of Doctrine of Frustration: Departure from Absolutism in Contracts
Authors: Nawaz Hafiz Muhammad Usman , Baig Mirza Shahid Rizwan , Idrees Dr. Rao Qasim
Published: January 2021

Absolute liability in contracts or absolutism is traced back to seventeenth century. The famous case of Paradine v Jane (1647) laid down the basic rule of absolute liability in contracts. The rule stated that contracting parties are bound to fulfill their promises irrespective of circumstances. This case is considered as an authority in absolute liability in contracts. In order to excuse the party not performing his contractual obligations due to no fault on his part, doctrine of frustration of contract was developed. Taylor v Caldwell (1863) is generally considered a turning point in the application of absolute liability in contracts. It provided a new avenue for discharge of contracts on the ground of supervening impossibility. This article deals with the factors responsible for the development of doctrine of frustration of contract. Especially case laws will be discussed which had changed the doctrine of absolute liability in the performance of contracts and this new doctrine has been emerged.
Determinants of an Effective Solid Wastes Collection at the Workplace: the Experience of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana
Authors: Antwi Boniface Yeboah , Koranteng Joyce , Odei Samuel , Anabila Evelyn
Published: January 2021

The inefficient collection of solid wastes is a global phenomenon that has received attention in recent years for the ever-increasing annual waste generation records. However, indicators to the effective application of the amassing routs are missing. Hence, the generally accepted source-sorting model was explored to identify the determinants that will enhance source separation of wastes at the workplace. This paper presents a foremost report on the indicators to an effective operation of solid wastes source segregation. A quantitatively examined data was collected in sixty-six working days during a monitoring and evaluation process of twenty sets of twin-dustbins that were located at the study area. The generated solid wastes were commonly sorted (65%) in comparison with the mixed collection. Most of the wastes were separated on the third month (80%) of education compared to the first (54%) and second months (61%). Wednesday displayed the working day with the utmost sorted wastes (73%) compared to the other days. All dustbins recorded impressive sorting at the different locations in the Institute. A little over one thousand Ghana cedis savings was made in the first year. Tested null hypothesis showed that, duration and timing of continuous education were significant determinants of the efficient source segregation, relative to the dustbin locations. Therefore, the daily education of waste generators on how to separate wastes at source and the economic benefits will enhance source separation irrespective of the location.
Analysis of Annual Maximum Rainfall Series using Method of L-Moments in Some Selected Sites in South-South Geographical Zone, Nigeria
Authors: Ilaboya Idowu R. , Otuaro E. A.
Published: January 2021

Determination of the extent of peak rainfall for different return periods is an essential ingredient for the accurate design of hydraulic structures such as drains, dams and culverts as well as detection of flood risk areas. The focus of this study is to analyze annual maximum daily rainfall series in some selected sites within the coastal region of Nigeria using three parameter probability distribution models, namely, Generalized Logistics (GLO), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and Generalized Pareto (GPA) with the view of identifying the best fit probability distribution model per station that can be employed to estimate the rainfall magnitude for selected return periods. Specific time series analysis test, namely, detection of outlier and homogeneity test were performed to certify that the data utilized are adequate and suitable. Descriptive statistics such as sample mean, variance, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, and coefficient of variation were computed using basic statistical equations. The probability weighted moment parameters (b0, b1, b2 and b3), L-moment values (λ1, λ2, λ3 and λ4) and ratios (τ2, τ 3 and τ4) including the distribution parameters, namely, shape (k), scale (α) and location (ξ) parameters were computed based on L-moments procedures. To select the best-fit probability distribution model per station, carefully chosen goodness-of-fit statistics, namely, root mean square error, relative root mean square error, maximum absolute deviation index, maximum absolute error and probability plot correlation coefficient were employed since they can adequately assess the fitted distribution at a site. Results obtained indicate that the GLO is the best fit distribution for analyzing annual maximum daily rainfall series from Warri and Calabar while GPA for Port Harcourt and Uyo.
Wann ist Erzählen eigentlich zuverlässig? : Mimetisch unzuverlässiges Erzählen als graduelles Phänomen und seine Funktion in Romanen der Gegenwart
Authors: Herrmann Leonhard
Published: January 2021

Abstract Ausgehend von bestimmten Definitions- und Nachweisproblemen des ,mimetisch unzuverlässigen Erzählens‘ schlägt der Aufsatz ein graduelles Verständnis des Begriffs vor, das anhand von drei ausgewählten Romanen der Gegenwart auf
die Probe gestellt wird.Regarding specific problems in the definition and the evidence of ,mimetic unreliable narration‘, this essay explores a gradual understanding of the concept which is put to the test by three selected contemporary novels.
Spinal Anesthesia in Patient with Congestive Heart Failure due to Congenital Atrial Septal Defect, and Pulmonary Hypertension Undergoing Cesarean Section Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Periambudi Anugerah Ade , Zainal Rizal , Lestari Mayang Indah
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In patients suffering from heart disease, pregnancy is a risk factor for mortality. Heart disease in pregnant women can be in form of rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, or congenital heart disease. This case report is about the successful spinal anesthesia technique in cesarean section (C-section) patients with congestive heart failure due to congenital atrial septal defect, and pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Case presentation. A pregnant woman, 24 years old, planned to have an emergency C-section. She complained about shortness of breath for 2 days before admission. Three months ago, the patient started to feel shortness of breath during activity and also complained her legs swelled. She has a history of congenital heart i.e. atrial septal defect (ASD), but not routinely been treated. Her examination showed tachypnea, murmur, bibasilar fine crackles lung sound, and pretibial pitting edema. Echocardiography showed ASD with pulmonary hypertension. Spinal Anesthesia using 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine 7.5 mg and fentanyl 25 µcg was given before surgery. Drugs was injected in L3-L4 level with the upper target was as high as T6. the head position is raised 30 degrees. Procedure went well and the APGAR score was 8/9, Patient was admitted to the ICU for one day and discharged from hospital at the 5 days of hospital care.

Conclusion. Spinal single-shot spinal anesthesia with small doses of bupivacaine and adjuvant can be used as an alternative technique in emergency C-section for patients with congestive heart failure due to congenital atrial septal defect, and pulmonary hypertension.
PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERAGA MANIK – MANIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI SOKORIA
Authors: Badhi Maria Katarina , Sa'o Sofia , Naja Finsensius Yesekiel
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out the activities and learning outcomes of students on integer operating materials using beaded props. The type of research used is PTK research. The population used is all students of Grade Vll Grade SMP Sokoria, and the sample in this study was 20 Students of Class Vll SMP Negri Sokoria. The data analysis technique used is a descriptive statistic analysis. Based on activities in cycle I and cycle II, the percentage of students' learning outcomes increased, namely cycle I students who completed only 13 people or with a percentage of 65% while those who had not completed 7 people or with a percentage of 35%. While in cycle II students completed 20 people or with a percentage of 100%. From cycle I and cycle II, it can be concluded that the percentage of students' learning outcomes increase from 13 complete people to 20, complete people. All students sampled in this study achieved KKM scores.
Characterization of the sea surface temperature and climatology of the Bay of La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico.
Authors: Martí­nez-Flores G. , Cervantes Duarte R. , González-Rodrí­guez E.
Published: January 2021

4175 daily NOAA/AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) images from July of 1997 to December of 2004 were analyzed, in order to characterize the climatology and interannual variation of SST in the Bay of La Paz. From this information, 88 months of SST anomalies were estimated and principal components (PC) analysis was performed. Three components were obtained that explain as a whole the 50.32% of the total variance of the original data of anomalies (32.68%, 11.95% and 5.69% respectively). PC1 displays the higher values of correlation to the northwest of the bay, with a gradient decreasing towards the southeast. This component has a high spatial correlation with the bathymetry of the bay, and temporal to the warm months. The highest values of PC2 are located in center of the bay, decreasing towards the northwest and southeast. This spatial pattern is located in the zone where a large cyclonic eddy has been detected. For this reason we attributed this component the influence of such circulation effect. PC3 higher correlation lies throughout the west coast of the bay, a zone strongly influenced by the longshore current. The SST fluctuations in the zone and the period of study did not display a significant correlation with respect to the Southern Oscillation Index or El Niño Southern Oscillation, probably because the Bay of La Paz is an area with bathymetric and oceanographic characteristics that determine a peculiar response toenvironmental changes.
Advantages and disadvantages of performing ecotoxicological bioassays with larvae of polychaetes belonging to the Capitella capitata species-complex.
Authors: Méndez-Ubach N. , Green-Ruí­z C.
Published: January 2021

The deposit feeder polychaete Capitella capitata contributes to the elimination of toxic substances from sediments. The taxon comprises a sibling species-complex that differs in their reproductive modes. It is known that larvae from this species-complex can delay or inhibit metamorphosis to the juvenile stage in the presence of toxic substances in the environment. The incorporation of these substances can delay the recruitment of individuals into natural populations. The advantages of performing bioassays to test effects on metamorphosis of C. capitata larvae are that these  organisms are cosmopolitan, and are easy to collect, transport and culture without feeding. In addition, each brood can produce a high number of knownaged larvae, which are sensitive to different toxicants, especially when in solution. Nevertheless, the lack of knowledge about their life cycles and experimental protocols, the requirement of daily observations, the intraspecific individual variability, and their small body size and motility can difficult the experimental work. The use of C. capitata larvae to perform ecotoxicological studies in laboratory is recommended.
Hydrographic characteristics off the coast of Bahia Magdalena, BCS, Mexico during El Niño 2015.
Authors: Cervantes-Duarte Rafaell , García Romero Felipe de Jesús
Published: January 2021

During 2015 an El Niño was recorded in the Eastern Pacific coast, which produced different environmental effects along the coasts of Mexico. The aim of this study was to describe the hydrological conditions,nutrients and chlorophyll variations along the coast of Bahia Magdalena, during 2015. Monthly samples were obtained during neap tides in 9 sites located within the lagoon margins. Temperature and salinity were measured in each sampling site using a CTD. Surface, midwater and bottom samples of seawater were obtained to measure nutrient concentrations (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) and chlorophyll a. The sea surface temperature data evidenced the presence of the El Niño, with values above the annual average (> 2.5 oC in July and August) with the domain of Subtropical Surface Water in the second semester. The water column was generallymixed, except in the warmer months, when some sites showed stratification. Nutrients mean values at surface, except silicate, tended to be lower than previously recorded, especially in the upwelling season. Chlorophyll data in the water column showed a wide range (0.05 to 12.94 mg m-3) with maximum values in midwater and bottom from April to June and minimum values in August and September. The warming effect produced by El Niño inneritic waters could have being mitigated by local processes, such as turbulent mixing, which may have carried nutrients to the mixed layer maintaining high biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton. However, changes in Magdalena Bay were sufficient to modify the trophic web and produce an impact on the distribution and abundance of organisms in the area.
Sedimentology of Bahía Sebastián Vizcaíno, Baja California, México.
Authors: Navarro-Palacios R. A. , Mancilla-Peraza M.
Published: January 2021

With support from the Oceanographic Ships H05 “Altair” and H03 “Alexander von Humboldt” of the Mexican Navy, 37 samples were collected using a Van Veen sediment dredge in Ranger Bank, Sebastian Vizcaino Bay, and around Punta Canoas of Cedros Island, on the west coast of Baja  California. The distribution of sediments, grain size,composition of organic carbon and carbonatecontent, and phosphates were determined.Two major areas of sedimentation were identified: (a) the Ranger Bank, where oxidative anddynamical processes occur within a limestonedominated environment, and coal with highconcentrations of organic matter with mediumsize sand (f = 1.0 to 2.1); b) the northeast portion of Sebastian Vizcaino Bay where the size of the sediments range from very fine to coarse grain (f = 0.2 to 3.7); there a high concentration of phosphates (maximum 22.3 %) occurs, with biogenic material consisting mainly of organic detritus, such as diatomaceous material, phosphorite from fish and other organisms. This can be considered a zone where incipient formation of phophoritic material is generated and formation of future marine phosphorite occurs. The prevailing material in Keller Canal, located between Cedros and Nativity islands consists of coarse grains because of the strong currents that remove the finematerial, whereas in the central-western portion of the bay abundant and very fine sand and mud occur, which are associated with low speed near the center of rotation of an anticyclonic semipermanent flow that characterizes water movement in the Bay.
Codes of conduct and certification issues for shrimp farming: a review.
Authors: Naegel L. C. A. , Fogel I.
Published: January 2021

The growing demand for fishery products from aquaculture, especially shrimp, led to fiercecriticisms about the unsustainable production and socially exploitative management. The product demand is combined with enhanced consumer concern for food safety, and environmental and social issues. Additionally, there is increasing consumer demand for information about the origin and nature of products they consume and the safety of all inputs. From the shrimp pond farmer to the retailer, there is a growing desire to meet or exceed these consumer expectations, and to be seen to be applying responsible management techniques in the development of truly sustainable shrimp production systems. These demands led to the development of codes for better aquaculture practices for the shrimp industry to ensure asustainable, environmentally friendly and socially equitable way to produce shrimp and for the consumer to be assured healthy food. Shrimp certification was introduced to respond to public perceptions and market requirements and increase public and consumer confidence in the production practices and the product. Currently there are a growing number of standards, "Codes of Practice," and certification schemes. Proliferation of Codes of Practice and certification schemes used by governments and the private-sector industry for sustainable shrimp farming poses a number of challenges. Shrimp producers and exporters inthe developing world often struggle to adapt to new and changing rules as they try to bring their farm-raised shrimp to different overseas markets. Additionally, there is the risk that Codes of Practice and certification schemes could affect the competitive position of resource-poor shrimp farmers and prevent benefits from the price premium attained through certification. There is an urgent need for more globally accepted standardsand certification guidelines, especially for the small-scale shrimp farmers, to provide guidance, serve as a basis for improved harmonization, and facilitate mutual recognition and equivalence of certificationschemes.
Analysis of the vertical distribution of the abundance of small pelagic fish larvae in the Gulf of California using submarine videocameras.
Authors: Aceves-Medina G. , Robinson C. J. , Palomares-Garcí­a R. , Gómez-Gutierrez J.
Published: January 2021

Two types of underwater video cameras were used to study the distribution and vertical abundance of larvae of the small pelagic fish Engraulis mordax, Etrumeus teres and Sardinops sagax at 1 m resolution, in a locality in the north of the Gulf of California with calm conditions and high density of adult sardines. The highest average abundance (900 larvae m -1 min -1) was found immediately above the thermocline (33 m) and the pycnocline (36 m), apparently not associated with the maximum chlorophyll detected on the surface, nor to the highest density of fish adults (10 -20m). Video observations made it possible to determine the vertical distribution at a resolution impossible to obtain. through sampling with nets; but nevertheless, This is not a very useful technique in areas with high current speed.
Evidence of karyotypic stasis during the evolutionary divergence between Paralabrax maculatofasciatus and P. nebulifer (Perciformes: Serranidae)
Authors: Martinez-Brown J. M. , Medel-Narváez J. D. , Hernández-Ibarrra N. K. , Ortiz-Galindo J. L.
Published: January 2021

Information on chromosome structure is basic within the biological knowledge of any speciesand fundamental to the understanding of the cytogenetic phenomena underlying physiological, ontogenic and evolutionary processes. Knowledge on the degree of similarity of chromosomes in phylogenetically close species supplements the necessary information to raise causal hypotheses on the processes of evolutionary divergence.The objective of this study was to determine the cytogenetic similarity between Paralabrax maculatofasciatus and P. nebulifer, closely (phylogenetically) related species distributed in the Eastern Pacific, by comparing number, type and size of chromosomes of these taxa. The examination of mitotic cells from eleutheroembryos of both species showed a karyotype consisting of 48 acrocentric chromosomes (2n = 48A; fundamental number = 48), without the presence of heteromorphic chromosomes. No significant differences between species were observed in size and relative length (RL) of homeologous chromosome pairs which showed maximum and minimum values of 4 µm (RL = 5.5 %; pair 1) and 1.7 µm (RL = 2.3 %; pair 24), respectively. This karyotype is considered ancestral within the Order Perciformes and is present in most of the species of the Family Serranidae. The results found in this study supported the hypothesis that evolutionary divergence between P. maculatofasciatus and P.nebulifer occurred through the establishment of pre-mating reproductive barriers, without karyotype modification or formation of post-mating barriers, either pre-zygotic or post-zygotic.
Biogeography of marine sponges (Phylum Porifera); studies in the Eastern Pacific
Authors: Vega C. , Hernández-Guerrero C. J. , Cruz-Barraza J. A.
Published: January 2021

Sponges (Phylum Porifera) constitute one of the more diverse and abundant aquatic animalgroups on the planet. In the last decades they have gained great interest due to their evolutionary, ecology and economic importance (e.g.,  biotechnology). Besides these features, sponges are of much interest to biogeography, because they have sessile adults and larvae with limited dispersal, which allows studying the history of their dispersal. Despite their importance, the knowledge about sponge distribution patterns remains poorly development. The goal of this review is to introduce the biogeography knowledge state, as well as give an actual panorama of their situation in the eastern Pacific. In general, lack of good knowledge about Porifera fauna in this region difficult to establish biogeographical relationships. During the last years an intense campaign has began in order to develop the basic taxonomic knowledge, however, the progress is not enough, there for it is important to continue the development of studies about the distribution patterns of Porifera. These investigations along with the implementation of molecular markers in the systematics and biogeography of Porifera, allow in the near future use the sponges within biogeographic models. This will give us greater insight about the patterns ofdistribution and speciation in the oceans, particularly in the geographical region of the eastern Pacific.
Ultrastructural features of the basal dinoflagellate Ellobiopsis chattoni (Ellobiopsidae, Alveolata), parasite of copepods.
Authors: Gómez F. , Horiguchi T.
Published: January 2021

Ellobiopsis chattoni is the type species of the ellobiopsids, an enigmatic lineage of parasitic alveolates that branched between the syndinean dinoflagellates and the perkinsids. We have investigated the ultrastructure of four trophonts from three calanoid copepod hosts collected from the port of Valencia, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The cell wall showed a thick and homogenous layer and flask-shaped mucocysts that excreted an electron-dense substance that forms the outer  layer. The cell wall in the attachment peduncle of Ellobiopsis was thicker and with numerous  invaginations. The inner section showed numerous longitudinal channels here interpreted as conduits for the transport of host fluids. Trophomere and gonomere were separated by a thin septum with a central pore. Before the mature gonomere  detached from the trophomere, the area of junction became undulated. Deficiencies in the fixation of the membrane organelle preclude discussing onother ultrastructural features. To date the ultrastructure of three ellobiopsid genera have been examined. The trophonts of Ellobiopsis and Thalassomyces showed a high similarity in the cell wall, with characteristic flaskshaped mucocysts. The lack of flask-shaped mucocysts in Ellobiocystis and other morphological and ecological differences argue against the monophyly of the ellobiopsids.
A numeric model for the sustainable management of fisheries
Authors: Chávez -Ortí­z E. A.
Published: January 2021

Usual management targets of many fisheries worldwide are addressed to maintain exploitationat fishing intensities required for the maximum sustainable yield (FMSY). However, variability induced by climate variability and economic forces, often lead to over exploitation. Traditional assessment procedures are limited to the assessment of the biological aspect of fisheries and the socio-economic and social aspects of fishing activities are generally ignored; however, this is an economic activity and in contrast, stakes holders ignore thestock dynamics pursuing economic benefits only. This imposes a gap in the knowledge required for a complete management process. The FISMO is an assessment and management tool that allows forecasting the most likely outcome after the application of any feasible management decision by changing F and the age of first catch (tc). It uses as input historic records of catch data, parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth model, and of the length-weight. Also, socio-economic variables of the last fishing season, such as the number of boats, length (days) of the fishing season, and number of fishers per boat. The model outputs of any target are catch, stock biomass, fishing effort, economic returns, benefit/cost ratio, number of boats, number of fishers and number of fishing days. FMSY, FMEY , and B/C at the economic equilibrium level are found combining F and tc and many management options, useful for planning and co-management, with very reasonable accuracy, can be chosen without compromising the sustainability of the fishery. The software is user-friendly and can be adapted to practically any fishery.
Review paper Pseudocollinia histophagous ciliates infect krill in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and possibly worldwide
Authors: Gómez-Gutiérrez Jaime , Kawaguchi So
Published: January 2021

The genus Pseudocollinia (Apostomatida, Pseudocolliniidae) currently includes four species (P. beringensis, P. oregonensis, P. brintoni, and P. similis) that infect adults of seven numerically dominant krill species (Order Euphausiacea) in the northeastern Pacific (Bering Sea-to-Gulf of California). In this review, we found four reports in other parts of the world of misidentified or unidentified protists infecting krill. Based on their morphology, cell size and infection of the hemocoel’s host, we infer they are histophagous Pseudocollinia ciliates. We thus conclude that previous reports of protists (identified as microsporidians) infecting Thysanoessa inermis in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Fundy) and unidentified endoparasite ciliates infecting the Euphausia superba in the Southern Ocean (Admiralty Bay, King George Island), Euphausia pacifica in Sanriku, Japan and Euphausia similis var. armata in Tasmania, Australia are actually Pseudocollinia parasitoid ciliates that await to be morphologically and genetically described. This review provides strong evidence that apostome Pseudocollinia ciliates are widespread distributed in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, infecting at least nine krill species from Arctic-to-Antarctic zoogeographic regions, having perhaps worldwide distribution as several of their krill hosts. Future studies should focus on discovering parasitoid ciliates in other krill species, as well as in other phytoplankton and zooplankton taxonomic groups.
Applications of the Path dependence theory: common fisheries policy (EU) and the fisheries policies in Mexico
Authors: Ponce -Dí­az Germán , González -Laxe Fernando
Published: January 2021

The concept of path dependence is used in social sciences to understand economic systems. From this concept its analytical application is addressed to fisheries policy in two different contexts such as the European Union and Mexico. The European Commission is beginning to address the producer´s views on consequences and impacts resulting from adjustments; buyback fleet programs; fishing rights and access conditions, or social and economic impact on fishing regions. Meanwhile in the case of Mexico, the settlement process and emphasis of fisheries policy in its regulations and administrative programs are identified with social demands, and since the 80´s and 90´s the economic efficiency elements take more of an increasingly role, and a recent aspect of sustainability tries to be incorporated into the fisheries and aquaculture policies.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS REALISASI PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) KABUPATEN/KOTA PEMEKARAN DI PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: - Irmawati
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui efektivitas realisasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) pada Kabupaten/Kota Pemekaran di Provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskripsi analisis efektivitas realisasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) pada kabupaten/kota Pemekaran yang ada di Provinsi Aceh. Dalam hal ini Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) yang terdiri dari pajak daerah, retribusi daerah, Pendapatan hasil pengelolaan kekayaan daerah yang dipisahkan dan lain-lan PAD yang sah.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sampling, yaitu dari seluruh jumlah kabupaten/kota pemekaran diambil hanya dua kabupaten yaitu kabupaten Pidie dan Pidie Jaya. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunkan rasioe tertentu untuk menunjukkan komposisi penerimaan daerah dan propinsi terhadap APBD.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pada dua tahun pengamatan (2008 dan 2009) tiga jenis PAD Kabupaten Pidie masih lebih baik dari kabupaten Pidie Jaya yaitu pajak daerah, retribusi daerah dan pendapatan lain-lain yang sah. Masih lebih baiknya tingkat efektivitas realisasi PAD kabupaten Pidie dikarenakan Kabupaten Pidie merupakan Kabupaten Induk yang sudah memiliki banyak objek pajak dan retribusi daerah serta anggaran yang lebih besar dari Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Kabupaten Pidie Jaya hanya lebih baik dari jenis PAD lain-lain PAD yang sah. Kata kunci: Efektifitas, Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Pemekaran di Provinsi Aceh
SISTEM PENJUALAN TIKET PADA KAPAL CEPAT EXPRES BAHARI DI PELABUHAN ULEE LHEUE BANDA ACEH
Authors: Murni Seri
Published: January 2021

Kapal Cepat Expres Bahari adalah perusahaan kapal penyebrangan laut milik swasta yang kegiatannya antara lain mengangkut penumpang dari dan ke Banda Aceh maupun kedaerah lainnya.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem Penjualan Tiket Kapal Cepat Expres Bahari di pelabuhan Ulee Lheue Banda Aceh. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan peninjauan langsung ke PT. Pelayaran Sakti Inti Makmur, mengadakan wawancara dengan pimpinan, kepala bagian, maupun para karyawan. Kemudian data tersebut diolah secara deskriptif yaitu dengan terlebih dahulu mengumpulkan data, menganalisis dan menafsirkan data sehingga memberikan gambaran mengenai permasalahan yang sedang diteliti dan secara kualitatif dengan membandingkan teori dengan praktik yang terjadi pada objek penelitian, sehingga akan dapat diketahui kesesuaian serta penyimpangan yang terjadi kemudian dibuat suatu kesimpulan yang dapat digunakan untuk penyelesaian masalah, serta melakukan perbaikan-perbaikan.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dan prosedur yang sedang berjalan masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga untuk memproses suatu transaksi dan juga menyediakan informasi yang bergina dalam mengambil keputusan rentan terjadi kesalahan.Semua ini disebabkan oleh belum optimalnya penggunaan sistem dan prosedur yang ada dalam mendukung sistem penjualan tiket.Â Keywords: Sistem Penjualan Tiket, Kapal Cepat Expres Bahari dan Pelabuhan Ulee Â Â LheueÂ  Banda Aceh.
Analisis Prosedur Pemberian Kredit Program Kemitraan (Studi Kasus Pada Pt. Jasa Raharja Persero Cabang Aceh)
Authors: Erni Julianti Zulkifli Umar Dan
Published: January 2021

Program Kemitraan merupakan suatu upaya Pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan taraf hidup masyarakat. Melalui program kemitraan diharapkan dapat membantu pengusaha kecil sehingga kekurangan dan keterbatasan mereka dapat teratasi. Salah satu lembaga yang melaksanakan program kemitraan di Aceh adalah PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Cabang Aceh.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana prosedur pemberian kredit program kemitraan pada PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Cabang Aceh serta upaya perusahaan untuk mengurangi kredit bermasalah.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Deskriptif-Kualitatif, yaitu metode penelitian dengan mengumpulkan data yang diperoleh dari lapangan kemudian diolah dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan landasan teoritis.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prosedur pemberian kredit yang diterapkan PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Cabang Aceh secara umum sudah baik, namun diperlukan adanya sosialisasi mengenai program kemitraan agar dana bisa disalurkan secara merata. Dan juga petugas diharapkan lebih memahami karakter calon mitra binaan untuk menghindari calon mitra binaan yang tidak beritikad baik sehingga dapat meminimalkan terjadinya kredit bermasalah.
Analisis Pengelolaan Dana Bergulir Pada Upk Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Pnpm) Mandiri Perdesaan Di Kecamatan Sampoiniet Aceh Jaya
Authors: Nurul Hidayati Irmawati Dan
Published: January 2021

Pengelolaan Dana Bergulir adalah proses yang memberikan pengawasan pada semua dana yang kegiatannya terlibat di dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan dan pencapaian tujuan. Dana bergulir adalah seluruh dana program yang berasal dari BLM-PPK, BLM-PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan dan sumber dana lain yang disalurkan oleh masyarakat melalui UPK, digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk mendanai kegiatan ekonomi rumah tangga masyarakat miskin melalui kelompok-kelompok yang bersifat pinjaman dalam satu wilayah kecamatan.

Penelitian ini dilakukan secara langsung pada UPK PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan yang beralamat di jalan Banda Aceh-Melaboh Km.109 kecamatan Sampoiniet Aceh Jaya.Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengelolaan dana bergulir pada UPK PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan di kecamatan Sampoiniet Aceh Jaya.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan dana bergulir pada UPK PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan kecamatan Sampoiniet Aceh Jaya belum sepenuhnya baik, karena masih terjadinya kredit macet yang cukup tinggi, disebabkan kurangnya penganalisaan awal terhadap calon peminjam saat proses penyaluran dana.
THE MOST DIFFICULT ONE: TEACHING WORD CO-OCCURRENCES ONLINE
Authors: Копотев М.В.
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена описанию онлайн-ресурса CoCoCo (cococo.cosyco.ru), который позволяет получать информацию о лексической и грамматической сочетаемости слов. Педагогическая цель справочника состоит в том, чтобы дать быстрые ответы на самые сложные вопросы при изучении РКИ: как строить речь не только по правилам, но и идиоматично. Для этого используются сложные статистические расчеты, основанные на большом материале трех корпусов русского языка.

The article is devoted to the description of the online resource CoCoCo (cococo.cosyco.ru), which allows a user to receive information about both lexical and grammatical co-occurrences of words. The goal of the resource is to provide quick answers to the most difficult questions in learning Russian: how to produce speech not just by rules, but also idiomatic. To achieve this, sophisticated statistical calculations are applied, based on a large language data extracted from three Russian corpora.