bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vs. stakeholder engagement: the impact of coronavirus containment measures on stakeholder involvement in European energy research projects
Authors: Süsser Diana , Ceglarz Andrzej , Stavrakas Vassilis , Lilliestam Johan
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected societies and economies around the world, and the scientific community is no exception. Whereas the importance of stakeholder engagement in research has grown quickly the consequences of the pandemic on this has so far not been empirically studied. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on European energy research, in particular the stakeholder work, during the first wave of the coronavirus in spring and summer 2020. We pose the research questions: (i) How much of a problem are the coronavirus containment measures for stakeholder engagement? (ii) How have researchers coped with the situation, and (iii) How do they evaluate alternative stakeholder activities implemented? We conducted an online survey among European energy research projects with stakeholder engagement between June and August 2020. We found that only one of six engagement activities could be implemented as planned, whereas almost half were cancelled or delayed. The most common coping strategies were changing involvement formats – mainly to webinars or online workshops – or postponement. Whereas respondents are largely satisfied with one-to-one and unidirectional online formats, such as webinars, online interviews, and online surveys, they see interactive group activities as less suitable for online engagement. Most respondents plan to continue using online formats to complement, but not to replace, physical meetings in future research. All long-term effects remain to be seen, but given the postponement of many stakeholder involvement activities, many projects may face problems at later stages of their realisation. These findings suggest that the pandemic may have catalysed a rapid introduction of specific online formats in academic stakeholder interaction processes.
The genome sequence of the white ermine, Spilosoma lubricipeda Linnaeus 1758
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Holland Peter W.H. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Spilosoma lubricipeda (the white ermine; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The genome sequence is 587 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the Z sex chromosome assembled.
Challenges to Representing Personal Names and Language Names in Language Archives: Examples from Northeast India
Authors: Burke Mary , Chelliah Shobhana
Published: October 2021

Language archives are not only a valuable resource for language communities to tell their stories and to create lasting records of their ways of life, but also for those interested in anthropology, linguistics, agriculture, or art history. This recent emphasis on archiving primary datasets in linguistics has resulted in an abundance of datasets online; however, of the languages of South Asia, only a small percentage are represented in digital language archives or described thoroughly. Though several of these languages are being documented, this material is at risk of being lost or inaccessible without concerted attention paid to long-term preservation. There are several obstacles to documenting and archiving language materials from this area, including political instability and lack of access to infrastructure. This submission reviews one particular challenge to data management relevant to South Asia, which is the complexity of names (of individuals, groups, and languages). We provide examples from Northeast India and recommendations based on experience from CoRSAL (Computational Resource for South Asia).
Linguistic Archives and Language Communities Questionnaire
Authors: Khait Ilya , Lukschy Leonore , Seyfeddinipur Mandana
Published: October 2021

Digital language archives hold vast amounts of materials in endangered or marginalised languages. However, due to limitations in technical infrastructure and the design of these archives, the materials are usually not easily accessible to speakers of the languages represented or their descendants. With the goal to establish best practices for researchers archiving linguistic data, this paper presents a questionnaire designed to assess how archival materials can be made more readily available to language communities.
Emerging Role of Libraries in Language Archiving in India A Case Study of SiDHELA
Authors: Narayanan Karthick , Takhellambam Meriaba
Published: October 2021

SiDHELA is a language archive developed by the Centre for Endangered Languages, Sikkim University in collaboration with the Central Library, Sikkim University. It is the first language archive developed in India. SiDHELA is a model attempt at digital archiving in collaboration with communities of Sikkim and North Bengal region of India. The main highlight of the paper is the possibilities which emerges out of a collaboration between under resourced indigenous communities and an institutional library backed by a language documentation project to curate digital contents for endangered and lesser known languages from under resourced regions like the Northeast of India.
Leveraging Digital Library Infrastructure to Build a Language Archive
Authors: Phillips Mark , Burke Mary , Tarver Hannah , Zavalina Oksana
Published: October 2021

Building a digital language archive requires a number of steps to ensure collecting, describing, preserving, and providing access to language data in effective and efficient ways. The Computational Resource for South Asian Languages (CoRSAL) group has partnered with the University of North Texas (UNT) Digital Library to build a series of interconnected digital collections that leverage existing UNT technical and metadata infrastructure to provide access to data from and for various language communities. This article introduces the reader to the background of this project and discusses some of the important for representing language materials areas where UNT metadata has needed flexibility to better fit the needs of intended audiences. These areas include a workflow for standardized language representation (the Language field), defining roles for persons related to the item (Creator and Contributor fields), and representing interconnections between related items (the Relation field). Although further work is needed to improve language data representation in the CoRSAL digital language archive, we believe the model adopted by our team and lessons learned could benefit others in the language archiving community.
How Market Power Affects Dynamic Pricing: Evidence from Inventory Fluctuations at Car Dealerships
Authors: Israeli Ayelet , Scott-Morton Fiona , Silva-Risso Jorge , Zettelmeyer Florian
Published: October 2021

This paper investigates empirically the effect of market power on dynamic pricing in the presence of inventories. Our setting is the auto retail industry; we analyze how automotive dealerships adjust prices to inventory levels under varying degrees of market power. We first establish that inventory fluctuations create scarcity rents for cars that are in short supply. We then show that dealers’ ability to adjust prices in response to inventory depends on their market power, that is, the quantity of substitute inventory in their selling area. Specifically, we show that the slope of the price–inventory relationship (higher inventory lowers prices) is significantly steeper when dealers find themselves in a situation of high rather than low market power. A dealership with high market power moving from a situation of inventory shortage to a median inventory level lowers transaction prices by about 0.57% ceteris paribus, corresponding to 32.5% of dealers’ average per-vehicle profit margin or $145.6 on the average car. Conversely, when competition is more intense, moving from inventory shortage to a median inventory level lowers transaction prices by about 0.35% ceteris paribus, corresponding to 20.2% of dealers’ average per-vehicle profit margin or $90.9. To our knowledge, we are the first to empirically show that market power affects firms’ ability to dynamically price.

This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
Autonomia, colaboração, autoria e docência na cibercultura – Questões sob a ótica de Freire e Bernstein
Authors: Almeida Clarisse De Mendonça e , Oliveira Lo Bianco Vittorio Leandro
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho articula-se com as obras de Freire (1996) e Bernstein (2000) para abordar os conceitos de autonomia, colaboração e autoria compreendendo-os como elementos fundamentais da cibercultura (SANTOS, 2019) para pensar caminhos para uma educação mais flexível e focada não apenas na atuação docente, mas também na participação do aluno. Para tanto, parte-se do debate sobre a formação continuada docente como questão central para o desenvolvimento de um profissional capaz de, criticamente, compreender e atuar frente aos desafios impostos pela cibercultura (SANTOS, 2019) no que se refere à autoria e à colaboração na produção do conhecimento. Em seguida, propõe-se a articular este pensar com a estruturação de processos de ensino menos estruturados na figura central do professor e mais na autonomia do docente (FREIRE, 1990) e na contribuição de todos os envolvidos como elemento de ruptura aos modelos hierárquicos de educação (BERSTEIN, 1990). Para tanto, pretende-se gerar a compreensão de que tais objetivos somente se alcançam ao construirmos a figura do docente como um ser investigativo (NÓVOA, 2017), dotado naturalmente de curiosidade epistemológica (FREIRE, 1990).
Educar em tempos de pandemia: desafios da profissão docente
Authors: Gonçalves Júnior Leandro , Pesce Lucila
Published: October 2021

Educar em tempos de pandemia: desafios da profissão docente. O título deste ensaio traz explícito o objetivo principal: refletir sobre os diversos desafios que os docentes têm enfrentado neste momento de pandemia do COVID 19, com a imposição de diversas plataformas digitais, políticas públicas frágeis e a recorrente deslegitimação e desvalorização da profissão docente. O artigo procura explanar e elencar os problemas que se agudizaram diante do contexto pandêmico e como esses problemas reforçaram o descaso do poder público para com a educação pública, em especial para com os docentes. Com base na pedagogia e dialogia freiriana e os pressupostos da prática para a educação libertadora, considera-se que os problemas apresentados serão enfrentados se a profissão docente for considerada sob perspectiva colaborativa, autônoma e autoral, em face da realidade e dos contextos plurais nos quais as escolas estão inseridas.
#PauloFreire100Anos - transformação social e cultura digital: Memórias freirianas nas ações da UNIFESP – UAB
Authors: Pesce Lucila Maria , Hardagh Claudia Coelho , Gamez Luciano , Lima Valéria Sperduti , Batista Sylvia Helena S da Silva , Dantas de Oliveira Rosângela Aparecida , Graciano Mariângela
Published: October 2021

“#Paulo Freire100Anos: transformação social e cultura digital” foi um evento científico internacional organizado por professores da Unifesp (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) no âmbito do Projeto FORMA de extensão e pesquisa, com apoio da Unifesp-UAB, para homenagear o centenário de Paulo Freire e provocar diálogos e reflexões sobre a epistemologia freiriana no contexto da cultura digital. Pesquisadores da América Latina, Europa e Brasil trouxeram suas pesquisas e práxis pedagógica para refletir de que modo o pensamento emancipador de Paulo Freire nos ajuda a entender as transformações tecnológicas e como a consolidação da cultura digital afetou a educação, principalmente no atual período pandêmico. As reflexões de Paulo Freire acerca das tecnologias na década de 1990, a inserção dos computadores nas escolas públicas no município de São Paulo - quando exerceu o cargo de secretário da educação - são fundamentais para a leitura crítica da cultura digital e seus efeitos na sociedade contemporânea. É imprescindível que Paulo Freire - como patrono da educação brasileira, referência nacional e internacional - contribua para os estudos sobre educação, justiça social e cultura digital em uma perspectiva crítica e emancipadora. Para celebrar os 100 anos de nascimento de Paulo Freire e em respeito à sua memória, docentes de vários campi da Unifesp organizaram, de março a setembro de 2021, uma série de ações, que abarcaram a produção de vídeos de narrativas de educadores, cursos on-line de extensão, diversas palestras proferidas e a organização de um livro que traz conceitos clássicos da filosofia da práxis, sob enfoque freiriano. A celebração culminou com o evento “#Paulo Freire100Anos: transformação social e cultura digital” ocorrido em setembro de 2021. O evento online proporcionou três dias de intensos diálogos entre pesquisadores e educadores que trazem em sua práxis a essência freiriana da esperança e da liberdade. Entendemos que as obras de Freire foram negligenciadas nos últimos anos pelas universidades, por políticas públicas que se afastaram das bases populares e por interpretações equivocadas que deturparam seus pensamentos e ações que refletem uma vida dedicada ao empoderamento da classe trabalhadora. Acreditamos que a universidade pública tem o compromisso de disseminar e trazer novas contribuições de suas teorias, para que as novas gerações conheçam, discutam e produzam novas práxis emancipadoras. O pensamento freiriano nos ensina e inspira a, por meio da educação e de mais amorosidade acadêmica, formar uma geração de cidadãos que tenham respeito à democracia, à liberdade e lutem pela justiça social e pela equidade em nosso país. Esse foi o intuito das memórias freirianas tecidas na Unifesp – UAB, no decurso de 2021.
MOTIVAÇÕES PARA UMA REVISITAÇÃO DE ÁFRICA: CONTRIBUTO NO FEMININO PARA A LITERATURA (PÓS-)COLONIAL
Authors: Marques Sandra Isabel
Published: October 2021

No campo literário, a forma como homens e mulheres escrevem foi provocando várias reflexões seminais cuja base de argumentação recai nas respetivas escolhas a nível das temáticas, perspetivas, personagens ou cenários. Dessas escolhas emergem vozes distintas que se encontram em contraponto em múltiplos aspetos. No entanto, essas vozes não têm de ser anuladas ou categorizadas como melhores ou piores, superiores ou inferiores, em virtude do sexo dos respetivos autores. Trata-se de discursos polifónicos e independentes, que coexistem no sistema literário e que devem encontrar harmonia na sua complementaridade. Também na literatura (pós-)colonial é preciso reconhecer e respeitar o contributo da mulher escritora através do estudo das suas obras e das temáticas que elegem, os quais preenchem os vazios deixados pela versão oficial da História.Interessou, então, através de um corpus escrito por mulheres, que viveram, elas próprias, experiências (pós-)coloniais, tornar mais plurais e diversas as perspetivas (pós-)coloniais, comummente dominadas pela voz literária masculina, considerando processos de memória e esquecimento. Interessou não só perceber o porquê do pacto tácito de silêncio em torno da queda do império português e as motivações que estiveram na base do esquecimento da figura do retornado, como também se pretendeu clarificar os seus processos de acolhimento e de receção e desconstruir os discursos anticolonialistas em torno da sua figura. A questão da objetificação da mulher e o menosprezo pelos seus direitos foram também abordados.
CASA, CORPO, PALAVRA: SUBVERSÃO ESPACIAL SOB PERSPECTIVA FILOSÓFICA, EM A OBSCENA SENHORA D, DE HILDA HILST
Authors: Maciel Ana Yanca Da Costa
Published: October 2021

Para demonstrar a subversão no espaço da casa, corpo e palavra, a partir das imagens poéticas tecidas pela personagem Hillé, em A obscena senhora D ([1982] 2001), de Hilda Hilst (1930-2004), optou-se pela terminologia da Topoanálise de Gaston Bachelard, em A poética do espaço ([1957] 1988), cuja perspectiva privilegia a vivência do espaço para além da objetificação. Para complementar o estudo da casa, usou-se os estudos de Elódia Xavier (2012), por se tratar de uma narrativa de autoria feminina, demonstrando que a protagonista da trama reconfigura o espaço doméstico, pois não se detém às tarefas comumente atribuídas à mulher. Desta maneira, usa-se como apoio a filosofia feminista, tendo como referência Ivone Gebara (2017), para refletir sobre o modo como o corpo feminino foi privado da vida intelectual, por estar enclausurado no espaço doméstico. Nesse sentido, propõe-se que a trama não é esvaziada devido à ausência do cenário descritivo e geográfico em que habita a protagonista, mas todo corpo fala de algum lugar e está em algum lugar. Para isto, usa-se as contribuições de Michel Foucault (1986), em De outros espaços. Sendo assim, defende-se a perspectiva filosófica que compreende o reconhecimento da importância dos afetos ao lado da razão, leitura possível através das personagens no espaço.
Strategies to enhance applications to postgraduate nursing programmes
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: October 2021

In the final instalment of his healthcare policy column, emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses a new report that looks at ways to encourage graduates in other disciplines into nursing
A Study On Reliability Using Pendant, Hexant, Octant Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Varghese P. Jini , Rosario G. Michael
Published: October 2021

The weaving machine’s reliability is assessed using newly introduced fuzzy numbers. The fuzzy numbers introduced in this study give a better method to improve the reliability than other techniques. Pendant Fuzzy Number, Hexant Fuzzy Number, and Octant Fuzzy Number are all introduced in this present study. Pendant Fuzzy Number, Hexant Fuzzy Number, and Octant Fuzzy Number,α-cuts are defined, as well as their mathematical operations. The numerical examples are utilised to conduct a comparative research of reliability using various Fuzzy Numbers, and their defuzzification is accomplished using various ways such as Signed Distance method, Graded Mean Integration Method and Centroid Method. The purpose of this study is to discover the most reliable value for a weaving machine.
A Survey of Ontologies and Their Applications in e-Learning Environments
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Ying
Published: October 2021

Ontology technology has been investigated in a wide range of areas and is currently being utilized in many fields. In the e-learning context, many studies have used ontology to address problems such as the interoperability in learning objects, modeling and enriching learning resources, and personalizing educational content recommendations. We systematically reviewed research on ontology for e-learning from 2008 to 2020. The review was guided by 3 research questions: “How is ontology used for knowledge modeling in the context of e-learning?”, “What are the design principles, building methods, scale, level of semantic richness, and evaluation of current educational ontologies?”, and “What are the various ontology-based applications for e-learning?” We classified current educational ontologies into 6 types and analyzed them by 5 measures: design methodology, building routine, scale of ontology, level of semantic richness, and ontology evaluation. Furthermore, we reviewed 4 types of ontology-based e-learning applications and systems. The observations obtained from this survey can benefit researchers in this area and help to guide future research.
An Efficient Method for Automatic Antipatterns Detection of REST Web Services
Authors: Mohammadnia Sobhan , Esmaeilyfard Rasool , Akbari Reza
Published: October 2021

REST Web Services is a lightweight, maintainable, and scalable service accelerating client application development. The antipatterns of these services are inadequate and counter-productive design solutions. They have caused many qualitative problems in the maintenance and evolution of REST web services. This paper proposes an automated approach toward antipattern detection of the REST web services using Genetic Programming (GP). Three sets of generic, REST-specific and code-level metrics are considered. Twelve types of antipatterns are examined. The results are compared with the manual rule-based approach. The statistical analysis indicates that the proposed method has an average precision and recall scores of 98% (95% CI, 92.8% to 100%) and 82% (95% CI, 79.3% to 84.7%) and effectively detects REST antipatterns.
Lossless Compression Algorithm and Architecture for Reduced Memory Bandwidth Requirement with Improved Prediction Based on the Multiple DPCM Golomb-Rice Algorithm
Authors: Hwang Imjae , Yun Juwon , Chung Woonam , Lee Jaeshin , Kim Cheong-Ghil , Kim Youngsik , Park Woo-Chan
Published: October 2021

In a computing environment, higher resolutions generally require more memory bandwidth, which inevitably leads to the consumption more power. This may become critical for the overall performance of mobile devices and graphic processor units with increased amounts of memory access and memory bandwidth. This paper proposes a lossless compression algorithm with a multiple differential pulse-code modulation variable sign code Golomb-Rice to reduce the memory bandwidth requirement. The efficiency of the proposed multiple differential pulse-code modulation is enhanced by selecting the optimal differential pulse code modulation mode. The experimental results show compression ratio of 1.99 for high-efficiency video coding image sequences and that the proposed lossless compression hardware can reduce the bus bandwidth requirement.
Crab diversity as support for ecotourism activities in Pejarakan Mangrove Forest, Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: GINANTRA I KETUT , MUKSIN I KETUT , JONI MARTIN
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Ginantra IK, Muksin IK, Joni M. 2021. Crab diversity as support for ecotourism activities in Pejarakan Mangrove Forest, Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4139-4145. This research aims to determine the diversity of crabs to support ecotourism activities in the coastal mangrove forest of Pejarakan Buleleng. Sampling of crabs was carried out using the square method, as many as 23 squares were spread over three mangrove zones, namely the front zone, the middle zone, and the rear zone. The number of individual crustacean species in each square plot was counted. Crab identification is based on morphological characters (shell color, claw shape, body-color, body size). Habitat use activities are observed directly. The diversity of crabs was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The results showed that in the coastal mangrove area of Pejarakan Buleleng, there were 11 species of crabs (9 species of crabs and 2 species of hermit crabs). Species diversity is in the medium category (index 2.25) and evenness index is high (E = 0.93, mangrove conditions are stable). The seaward mangrove zone shows a higher diversity of crab species than the middle zone and the rear zone. The species of crabs that are quite abundant in the three zonings are Uca vocans, Chiromanthes sp., and Coenobita sp. Characteristics of crabs, activities, habitat use in mangrove zoning are attractions for ecotourism activities.
A study of brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) population dynamics in Takabonerate National Park Waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: FATMA FATMA , MALLAWA ACHMAR , NAJAMUDDIN NAJAMUDDIN , ZAINUDDIN MUKTI , AYYUB FACHRIE REZKA
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Fatma, Mallawa A, Najamuddin, Zainuddin M, Fachrie R. 2021. A study of brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) population dynamics in Takabonerate National Park Waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4298-4307. Understanding aspects of the population dynamics of groupers such as the brown-marbled grouper can provide valuable insights into how to manage grouper stocks effectively. Conducted from February 2020 to February 2021 in Takabonerate National Park waters, Selayar Islands District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, this study sought to elucidate the size structure and cohorts, population growth rate, total mortality rate, fishing mortality rate, natural mortality rate, exploitation rate and yield per recruit (Y/R) of the brown-marbled grouper. Grouper samples were caught using several fishing gears (i.e., hand line fishing, spearfishing, and trapping) with a total catch of 1042 specimens. The sampled specimens exhibited significant size structure and were classified into five age-specific cohorts. The growth rate coefficient was 0.46/year, with the brown-marbled grouper population tending to exhibit slow growth (K < 0.5/year). The estimated asymptotic length was 109.0 cm. The fishing mortality was higher than the natural mortality, with an exploitation rate of 0.65, indicating that brown-marbled groupers in the waters of Takabonerate National Park have been subjected to extensive and intensive fishing, as also indicated by an estimated Y/R lower than the optimum Y/R rate.
Morpho-agronomy performance, seed nutrition content, and Aphis craccivora resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes
Authors: Sas Muhamad Ghazi Agam , Wahyu Yudiwanti , SYUKUR MUHAMAD , Hidayat Purnama
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Sas MGA, Wahyu Y, Syukur M, Hidayat P. 2021. Morpho-agronomy performance, seed nutrition content, and Aphis craccivora resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 4320-4326. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata) is an agricultural commodity that can be a source of vegetable protein and replace the need for soy as a food ingredient. The wide adaptability under sub-optimum conditions placed cowpeas as the choice to be developed. This study aimed to evaluate the cowpea genotype’s agronomic performance and resistance to Aphis craccivora to be proposed as superior genotypes. Observations were made on the morpho-agronomic characters, including the color of the young pods and dry seeds, the number of pods, the productivity of fresh pods and dried seeds, and the nutrition content. The resistance to Aphis craccivora was evaluated using a no-choice test whole plant for the resistance and tolerance evaluation. This study showed that the productivity of young pods (4.86-15.13 tons ha-1), dry seed productivity (0.83-2.71 tons ha-1). The protein content differed significantly among the 20 genotypes ranging from 19.24% to 24.45%. Aphid infestation significantly inhibited plant growth compared with non-infested plants. Infestation of Aphis craccivora decreased the dry weight of the plant by about 20% to 70%. Based on the aphid population, the 20 genotypes were classified into medium-high to very high aphid damage intensity.
Ethnobotanical study and utilization of plants in Khok Nhong Phok forest, Kosum Phisai District, Northeastern Thailand
Authors: SAISOR NARIN , PRATHEPHA PREECHA , Saensouk Surapon
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Saisor N, Prathepha P, Saensouk S. 2021. Ethnobotanical study and utilization of plants in Khok Nhong Phok forest, Kosum Phisai District, Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 4336-4348. The present study was conducted in Khok Nhong Phok forest, Kosum Phisai District, Maha Sarakham Province, Northeastern Thailand. The forest was surrounded by communities where traditional knowledge has been inherited in the utilization of plants which may disappear over time due to the development of medicinal science and technology. The primary is to study the traditional knowledge in ethnobotanical, collect information about the utilization of plants, and provide the scientific name as the basis for future studies. Data were collected through open-ends interviewing with 30 villagers living in villages around the forest area about their local name, utilization of plants in all 3 aspects, including plants used as food, medicine, and plants used to build houses including parts of plants used. Plant materials and photographs were collected from January to December 2019. Altogether 101 plant species were recorded belonging to 52 families, divided into 3 groups of utilization according to traditional knowledge including 50 species of food plants, 69 species of medicinal plants, and 42 species used for housing, appliances, and fuel. In this study, some plants with more than one type of utilization showed that they were valuable to local people in terms of their uses, and such information can be used as a guideline for the conservation of plant resources in the area to show the importance of cherishing, and maintain valuable resources in the area to remain for future generations.
Antibacterial activity of leaves, flowers, and fruits extract of Etlingera elatior from Nagan Raya District, Indonesia against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: ERNILASARI ERNILASARI , WALIL KAMALLIANSYAH , FITMAWATI FITMAWATI , ROSLIM DEWI INDRIYANI , ZUMAIDAR ZUMAIDAR , SAUDAH SAUDAH , RAYHANNISA RAYHANNISA
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Ernilasari, Walil K, Fitmawati, Roslim DI, Zumaidar, Saudah, Rayhannisa. 2021. Antibacterial activity of leaves, flowers, and fruits extract of Etlingera elatior from Nagan Raya District, Indonesia against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biodiversitas 22: 4457-4464. Etlingera elatior is a medicinal plant that has been used by people in Indonesia, especially Acehnese people. Based on its secondary metabolites, E. elatior can be used as antibacterial agents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative. However, to determine the antibacterial activity of E. elatior, the parts of E. elatior that have been used are leaves, flowers, and fruits. This study was aimed to determine the best concentration of ethanol extract of leaves, flowers, and fruits of E. elatior as an inhibitor against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was made by the maceration method with 70% ethanol as a solvent. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by the diffusion agar method using concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The results showed that the fruit extract of E. elatior has antibacterial activity with an effective inhibitory zone at a concentration of 2% is 8.4 mm (E. coli) and 2.4 mm (S. aureus). Meanwhile, antibacterial activity the extract of leaves and flowers against E. elatior cannot determine yet. Identification of leaves, flowers and fruits extract of E. elatior using GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) showed 56 compounds were detected.
Variation on morphology and spore characters of Dicranopteris and Sticherus (Gleicheniaceae) from Rokan Hulu District, Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Marpaung Afni Atika , Susandarini Ratna
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Marpaung AA, Susandarini R. 2021. Variation on morphology and spore characters of Dicranopteris and Sticherus (Gleicheniaceae) from Rokan Hulu District, Riau. Biodiversitas 22: 4475-4486. Dicranopteris and Sticherus are genera in the family Gleicheniaceae which have unique habits and distinctively specific growth with the presence of a bud on the forking branches. This study aims to reveal the species diversity of Gleicheniaceae members found in the forest area of Bukit Suligi Tandun, Rokan Hulu District, Riau and to document variations in their morphological characters and spores. Eleven collections were obtained from the exploration in the study area. The identification of plant specimens showed that these eleven taxa consisted of Dicranopteris curranii, Dicranopteris speciosa, seven varieties of Dicranopteris linearis, and two varieties of Sticherus truncatus. Seven varieties within D. linearis were D. linearis var. linearis, D. linearis var. alternans, D. linearis var. altissima, D. linearis var. demota, D. linearis var. inaequalis, D. linearis var. subspeciosa, and D. linearis var. tetraphylla. The only one species of Sticherus found was S. truncatus which consisted of two varieties, namely S. truncatus var. truncata and S. truncatus var. involuta. Morphological characters were observed from fertile specimens, while spore characters were observed from spore microscopic slides prepared using acetolysis method. There were 42 morphological characters and spores examined and used as the basis for determining the phenetic relationships using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results of cluster analysis showed the formation of two clusters that clearly separated the genus Sticherus from Dicranopteris. The three species of Dicranopteris were also clearly separated from each other in different sub-clusters. The result of principal component analysis indicated characters that contribute to the grouping of the eleven taxa and was able to explain the distinguishing characters in each group recognized from the cluster analysis. Overall, the results of this study contributed to documenting in detail the morphological variations in sporophyte and spore characters in eleven taxa of Dicranopetris and Sticherus, as well as proving the role of morphological and spore characters in the classification and defining phenetic relationships using numerical taxonomic approach.
Fish disease study of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in a floating marine cage: Endoparasite and blood profile
Authors: HIDAYATI DEWI , NURINDRA ANNISAA RIZQI , ABDULGANI NURLITA , SETIAWAN EDWIN , MAULIDINA NOVA , SYAHRONI NUR , MULYADI YEYES
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Hidayati D, Nurindra AR, Abdulgani N, Setiawan E, Maulidina N, Syahroni N, Mulyadi Y. 2021. Fish disease study of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in a floating marine cage: Endoparasite and blood profile. Biodiversitas 22: 4505-4511. The Indonesian government has multiple targets and priority programs to increase aquaculture productivity in 2021. Hence, the development of mariculture commodities such as Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in one of the potential coastal areas, Sendang Biru, is strategic. However, sustainable productivity needs good management, including the health monitoring of fish. This study aimed to determine the condition of seabass under mariculture in a floating cage in Sendang Biru, Malang, Indonesia. Thirty seabass (Lates calcarifer) from 0 to 60 days after stocking age (ASE) were taken from a Sendang Biru floating cage. Blood and intestine samples were taken five times from day 0 to day 60 ASE. Blood samples were carried out through the caudal vein and observed using a hemocytometer. Endoparasite analysis was performed by fish intestine examination from the anterior intestine to the posterior rectum. Pseudoterranova and Diphyllobothrium were found with 10% and 3.33% prevalence, respectively. The intensity of Pseudoterranova was one individual/fish, and that of Diphyllobothrium was 2.33 individuals/fish. The highest mean of total erythrocyte count (TEC) found in 0 day ASE was at the level of 0.82±0.55×106 cells/mm3, and the lowest was found in 60 days ASE (0.51±0.24×106 cells/mm3). The highest mean of total leucocyte count (TLC) was 9.20±3.69x104 cells/mm3, at day 0, and leukocyte levels tended to decrease until day 60 ASE (7.74±3.43×104 cells/mm3). Overall, despite the TEC and TLC tending to decrease from 0 to 60 days ASE, in statistically indicated no significant differences in TLC at different ASEs (p > 0.05). The hematological profile indicated the health statuses of the cultured Asian seabass in the current study were in a condition of anemic and infected.
Diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum, and the antibacterial activity of fungal extracts, and secondary metabolite
Authors: Syarifah Syarifah , Elfita Elfita , WIDJAJANTI HARY , SETIAWAN ARUM , KURNIAWATI ALFIA R.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Syarifah, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Setiawan A, Kurniawati AR. 2021. Diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum, and the antibacterial activity of fungal extracts, and secondary metabolite. Biodiversitas 22: 4572-4582. The decoction of the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum has been used as traditional medicine, such as for treating pathogenic bacterial infections. Endophytic fungi that live in medicinal plant tissues have a high species diversity and biological activities correlate with their host. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of S. zeylanicum and to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi and their secondary metabolites. In this study, we isolate and identify the endophytic fungi from the root bark of S. zeylanicum, continued by screening their antibacterial activity against two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli InaCCB5 and Salmonella thypi ATCC1048 and two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus InaCCB4 and Bacillus subtilis InaCCB1204) by the Kirby-Bauer method. The fungal extract with the highest antibacterial activity proceeded with the isolation and determination of the structure of their bioactive compounds. The isolates were morphologically identified. Isolates that showed strong antibacterial activity were identified by molecular identification. Isolation of bioactive compounds was carried out by chromatographic techniques and the determination of the structure of pure chemical compounds was performed by the spectroscopic analysis. In total, there were 8 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained from the root bark of S. zeylanicum, namely SZR1 – SZR8. SZR2 isolate has the highest antibacterial activity. Molecular identification through phylogenetic analysis showed that SZR2 isolate had high similarity with Penicillium brefeldianum. Isolation of bioactive compounds from SZR2 produced compound 1 in the form of light yellow crystals which showed strong antibacterial activity against S. typhi, E. coli, and B. subtilis with MIC values of 64 g/mL. Compound 1 was identified as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, which was also obtained in its host. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus Penicillium brefeldianum produces similar secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity as its host plant.
The potency of Myrtaceae Family from Cibodas Botanic Gardens (Cianjur, Indonesia) as botanical pesticide
Authors: Pratiwi RISHA AMILIA , NURLAENI YATI
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Pratiwi RA, Nurlaeni Y. 2021. The potency of Myrtaceae Family from Cibodas Botanic Gardens (Cianjur, Indonesia) as botanical pesticide. Biodiversitas 22: 4648-4664. Cibodas Botanic Gardens (CBG) is a biodiversity reservoir that can be explored for the discovery of new candidates for botanical pesticides. Myrtaceae has been reported to provide biological activity against pests or pathogens due to their essential oil contents. This research was conducted to inventory and categorize Myrtaceae collection in CBG that had the potency to be botanical pesticide. The list of Myrtaceae collection of CBG obtained from Unit Registration and Collection CBG per 2021. Database fulfilling regarding the bactericide/fungicide/herbicide/insecticide potency of the Myrtaceae of CBG’s collection was carried out through digital references search. Our result showed that there were 73 species of Myrtaceae (from 18 genera) that are potential to be botanical pesticide sources. There were 17 species that are considerably had a high potency. Most of them belong to the Eucalyptus and Melaleuca, followed by Backhousia, Leptospermum, Psidium, and Syzygium. The data resulted from this study is expected to serve as baseline information for further research about the formulation, efficacy, and conservation management of botanical pesticides from Myrtaceae for sustainable use. Furthermore, the development of biological pesticides is a step to improve the quality of Indonesian export products so as to increase national competitiveness in the globalization era nowadays.
Fiber Fabry–Perot astrophotonic correlation spectroscopy for remote gas identification and radial velocity measurements
Authors: Cheriton Ross , Densmore Adam , Sivanandam Suresh , de Mooij Ernst , Cheben Pavel , Xu Dan-Xia , Schmid Jens H. , Janz Siegfried
Published: October 2021

We present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, remote gas detection and identification technique based on correlation spectroscopy with a piezoelectric tunable fiber-optic Fabry–Perot filter. We show that the spectral correlation amplitude between the filter transmission window and gas absorption features is related to the gas absorption optical depth, and that different gases can be distinguished from one another using their correlation signal phase. Using a previously captured telluric-corrected high-resolution near-infrared spectrum of Venus, we show that the radial velocity of Venus can be extracted from the phase of higher order harmonic lock-in signals. This correlation spectroscopy technique has applications in the detection and radial velocity determination of weak spectral features in astronomy and remote sensing. We experimentally demonstrate a remote

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detection system using a lock-in amplifier, fiber-optic Fabry–Perot filter, and single channel avalanche photodiode.
Defocused binary fringe phase error modeling and compensation using
depth-discrete Fourier series fitting
Authors: Hu Jingcheng , Zhang Shaohui , Hu Yao , Hao Qun
Published: October 2021

The binary defocus fringe projection is a widely adopted way to increase the speed of
fringe projection profilemotry. However, the projected patterns may
deviate from ideal ones at some depths. We propose a theoretical
model and a corresponding compensation method to explain
and calibrate the phase error of defocus-projected patterns. We first
low-pass filter the projected patterns at different depths to obtain
corresponding ideal ones. Then, we calibrate the model coefficients
based on the errors between the original and ideal fringe patterns.
The calibrated phase error model can be used to compensate the phase
error at arbitrary depths within the calibration volume. Experiments
are conducted to verify the feasibility and performance of the
proposed method.
Optimized Fresnel phase hologram for ringing artifacts removal in lensless holographic projection
Authors: Tian Songzhi , Chen Lizhi , Zhang Hao
Published: October 2021

Ringing artifacts are the main noise sources in holographic projection when the quadratic phase is introduced to suppress speckle noise. In this study, the mechanisms of ringing artifacts on reconstructed images are theoretically analyzed, which illustrates the ringing artifacts are related to the bandwidth properties of the reconstructed wave field. Based on the frequency analysis, a band-limited iterative algorithm is proposed to optimize the phase hologram in the Fresnel domain. The proposed method can effectively suppress the ringing artifacts as well as the speckle noise of the Fresnel hologram by optimizing the phase distribution with bandwidth constraint. Numerical simulations and optical experiments have been performed to validate the proposed method for providing quality reconstructions in lensless holographic projection.
Design and implementation of the Walsh–Hadamard transform on a ternary optical computer: publisher’s note
Authors: Zhehe Wang , Yunfu Shen
Published: October 2021

This publisher’s note serves to correct Appl. Opt.
60, 9254 (2021).APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.435457
Luminance, color gamut, and energy-harvesting characteristics of luminescent layers placed above a solar cell
Authors: Matsuda Shiori , Nishimura Hiroto , Mizuno Yuta , Fujieda Ichiro
Published: October 2021

One can display images and harvest energy by utilizing ambient light with a stack of an optical shutter array, a luminescent layer and a solar cell. In our experiment, a luminescent layer and a corresponding color filter were attached to a polycrystalline Si solar cell with 13% power conversion efficiency. For each configuration using BBOT, Coumarin 6 and Lumogen F Red 305, the power conversion efficiency was measured to be 6.7%, 8.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The luminance of these configurations was proportional to the illuminance in all cases. Its color gamut was comparable to the National Television System Committee standard.
Incoherent reconstruction-free object recognition with mask-based lensless optics and the Transformer
Authors: Pan Xiuxi , Chen Xiao , Nakamura Tomoya , Yamaguchi Masahiro
Published: October 2021

A mask-based lensless camera adopts a thin mask to optically encode the scene and records the encoded pattern on an image sensor. The lensless camera can be thinner, lighter and cheaper than the lensed camera. But additional computation is required to reconstruct an image from the encoded pattern. Considering that the significant application of the lensless camera could be inference, we propose to perform object recognition directly on the encoded pattern. Avoiding image reconstruction not only saves computational resources but also averts errors and artifacts in reconstruction. We theoretically analyze multiplexing property in mask-based lensless optics which maps local information in the scene to overlapping global information in the encoded pattern. To better extract global features, we propose a simplified Transformer-based architecture. This is the first time to study Transformer-based architecture for encoded pattern recognition in mask-based lensless optics. In the optical experiment, the proposed system achieves 91.47% accuracy on the Fashion MNIST and 96.64% ROC AUC on the cats-vs-dogs dataset. The feasibility of physical object recognition is also evaluated.
25.4 kW, 1.9 ns passively Q-switched 1522 nm Er:Yb:LuAl3(BO3)4 pulse microlaser at 100 Hz
Authors: Chen Yujin , Lin Yanfu , Huang Jianhua , Gong Xinghong , Luo Zundu , Huang Yidong
Published: October 2021

Passively Q-switched Er:Yb:LuAl3(BO3)4 pulse microlasers were investigated at a low repetition frequency of 10–200 Hz. End-pumped by a 975.6 nm quasi-continuous-wave laser diode with pump pulse width of 0.5 ms and period of 10 ms, a stable 1522 nm pulse microlaser with single pulse energy of 48.3 μJ, duration of 1.9 ns, repetition frequency of 100 Hz, peak output power of 25.4 kW and beam quality factor less than 1.2 was realized at a pump beam waist diameter of 260 μm. This eye-safe passively Q-switched pulse microlaser with high peak output power and narrow duration can be used in the portable laser rangefinder.
Adaptive genetic algorithm-based 2 μm intelligent mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Xian Anhua , Cao Xue , Liu Yangyu , Wang Yibo , Yin Xuejian , Liu Guangmiao , Zhou Wei , Wang Haotian , Huang Haitao , Tang Dingyuan , Shen Deyuan
Published: October 2021

The emission wavelength of an ultrafast laser generated by thulium (Tm)-doped fiber laser (TDFL) ranges from 1.7 to 2.1 μm, covering the water-absorbing band and atmospheric transmission window. In this study, an intelligent Tm-doped mode-locked fiber laser was experimentally demonstrated by combining a genetic algorithm (GA) with an adaptive mutation rate and a nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked fiber oscillator. A closed-loop feedback system was set up in the experiment, including an oscilloscope, a laptop computer, an electric polarization controller, and a mode-locked fiber oscillator. Based on the aforementioned intelligent design of manual-operation-free, a stable femtosecond level noise-like-mode-locked pulse with an output power of 57.7 mW and a central wavelength of 1973 nm was automatically generated. The evolutionary dynamics of the different parameter structures of the GA-controlled ultrafast TDFL with varying mutation rates were also investigated. This study will pave the way for generating robust ultrafast lasers in the short-wave infrared region.