bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity test of Bovine Gelatin- based hydrogel with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaf extract in topical drug development
Authors: Achmad Faishal Salim  , Aimmatur Rodhiyah Basyar  , Keysha Auryn Azalia  , Ni Putu Mira Sumarta
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Herbal drugs have healing properties to prevent and treat various health conditions, including topical treatments, which contain therapeutic active ingredients like Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaf extract combined with a carrier substance such as bovine gelatin hydrogel. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. extract also exhibits other pharmacological effects including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti- inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Bovine gelatin-based hydrogels have non-immunogenic properties derived from natural materials, with controlled drug release, as well as good biodegradability and biocompatibility, making them non-toxic. The combination of bovine gelatin hydrogel with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaf extract has been studied to develop a new topical drug. This research focuses on assessing the safety of this combination through cytotoxicity testing. Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study, utilized a post-test only control group design. The control group utilizes a bovine gelatin-based hydrogel, while the treatment group uses the same hydrogel combined with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaf extract on BHK-21 fibroblast cell cultures. Preclinical testing using the MTT assay served as a cytotoxicity test to validate the safety of this topical drug. Comparative study using a T-test with a significance level of p<0.05. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) Software for Mac version 29. Results: The cytotoxicity test results for bovine gelatin hydrogel and the combination with the extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaves were shown in the percentage of viable cells of 92.3% and 96.4%. The parametric T-test revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.754). Conclusions: The combination of bovine gelatin hydrogel with the extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaves in the development of herbal drugs are non-toxic
Determinants of financial statement fraud in banking companies
Authors: Kadek Hira Mahandari  , Gayatri  , Anak Agung Gde Putu Widanaputra  , I Dewa Nyoman Badera
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of the fraud pentagon theory components on financial statement fraud with the quality of the audit committee as a moderator. This study was conducted on banking sector companies listed on the IDX in 2012-2022. The population of this study was all banking sector companies listed on the IDX, totaling 47 banks. The sampling method used purposive sampling which resulted in 23 companies used as samples. Data analysis was carried out on secondary data using the SEM-PLS analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that financial stability and managerial ownership have a positive effect on financial statement fraud in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2012-2022 period. Furthermore, the board of commissioners has a significant (real) negative effect on financial statement fraud in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2012-2022 period, while changes in auditors are unable to affect the presence or absence of financial statement fraud in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2012-2022 period. Furthermore, the quality of the audit committee is a moderating variable that weakens the influence of financial stability and managerial ownership on financial statement fraud in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2012-2022. Meanwhile, the quality of the audit committee is a moderating variable that strengthens the negative influence of the board of commissioners on financial statement fraud. However, the quality of the audit committee cannot moderate the effect of auditor changes on financial statement fraud. This means that the presence or absence of audit committee quality cannot weaken or strengthen the effect of auditor changes on financial statement fraud.
Classrooms and comfort temperature in South East Nigeria
Authors: Charles Munonye  , Anthony Maduabum
Published: November 2024

A field study was conducted in naturally ventilated public-school buildings located in the warm and humid climate of Imo State in Nigeria, to determine the comfort temperature of the schoolchildren. The survey took place from October 2017 to May 2018, covering rainy season and dry season, where objective and subjective approaches to data collection were employed. Results of the fieldwork of the 330 surveyed children (aged 7-12 years) revealed that the maximum comfort temperature derived from their responses corresponding to mean thermal sensations of +0.85, is 31.6oC for the combined classrooms. This is about 4.9oC higher than the ASHRAE upper 80% acceptability limit. Furthermore, when categorized according to season and time of day, the comfort temperature were also found to be higher than the ASHRAE upper limit. The study shows that respondents in a tropical country, such as in Nigeria, can be comfortable at high temperatures. The information on comfort temperature is important as that may guide professionals in the building industry to achieve eco-friendly and sustainable classrooms that use less energy and at the same time provide thermal comfort to the occupants.
Ajattelutaidot ja tiedon ulottuvuudet vuosiluokkien 7–9 maantiedon osaamistavoitteissa ja päättöarvioinnin kriteereissä
Authors: Virranmäki Eerika , Valta-Hulkkonen Kirsi , Pellikka Anne
Published: November 2024

This research analyzes the distribution of thinking skills and knowledge dimensions in the geography learning objectives in grades 7–9 (pupils aged 13 to 16), and in the national final assessment criteria applied at the end of grade 9. The revised Bloom’s taxonomy was used as a framework for the content analysis. The results reveal that the thinking skills in the geography learning objectives mainly include understanding, applying, and analyzing, whereas the knowledge dimensions emphasize conceptual and procedural knowledge. The thinking skills in the assessment criteria are distributed by grades. For instance, grade 5 (in the grading scale from 5 to 10) includes only lower-order thinking skills, whereas only grade 9 includes all the higher-order thinking skills. The comparison between the learning objectives and the assessment criteria indicates that achieving higher grades (9–10) requires higher-order thinking skills more than the learning objectives demand. The results suggest that the alignment between the learning objectives and assessment criteria should be carefully considered in the planning and implementing of the curriculum.
Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Cynomolgus Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and Diagnostic Differentiation from Amelanotic Melanoma
Authors: Mullaney Lisa C , Rigas Johanna , Watson Christine , Puttaswamy Anil , Haviland Lisa , Molitor Laure , LaDouceur Elise E B
Published: November 2024

There are few reports describing spontaneous neoplasms in cynomolgus macaques, despite the frequent use of this species in laboratory research. This report describes cytologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings of a cutaneous to subcutaneous nerve sheath tumor located within the haired skin of the abdomen of a 2.5-y-old, intact, female, captive Mauritius cynomolgus macaque. The nerve sheath tumor was well demarcated, partially encapsulated, densely cellular, and extended from the subcutis to the most superficial dermis, abutting the epidermis. Neoplastic cells formed intersecting streams and had a high mitotic count (18 per 2.37 mm2). Due to the substantial morphologic overlap of this neoplasm with amelanotic melanoma, particularly the close association with the epidermis, immunohistochemistry was required for definitive diagnosis. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to vimentin, S-100, SOX10, laminin, collagen IV, and CD56, and negative for melan-A, tyrosinase, MITF, and HMB45. This immunohistochemical profile is diagnostic for nerve sheath tumor based on human and canine criteria and rules out amelanotic melanoma. Despite incomplete excision, the nerve sheath tumor had not grossly recurred after 1 mo, at which point the animal was euthanized for unrelated reasons. This report underscores the importance of using an immunohistochemical panel in cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous spindle cell neoplasms, as there is substantial morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap between nerve sheath tumors and melanocytic neoplasms due to their shared neuroectodermal origin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nerve sheath tumor in a cynomolgus macaque, and one of the few reports of spontaneous neoplasia in this species.
Exiliadas de la Guerra civil española. Reflexiones sobre su literatura desde el concepto género-exilio
Authors: Martinez Josebe
Published: November 2024

El presente artículo se basa, como matriz de análisis, en el concepto género-exilio para examinar la obra de exiliadas de la Guerra civil española. El artículo analiza la producción de dichas autoras, y su significado político e intelectual en la Edad de Plata, durante la Segunda República, y en el destierro. Además del valor que supone el recuperar los testimonios en los que la mujer habla como sujeto histórico, ahondar en sus experiencias tiene un significado más amplio sobre el que se reflexiona en el artículo: descentrar la homogeneidad geográfica, cuestionar el carácter homosocial del canon cultural/político español, y contribuir con los estudios que hoy en día investigan sus límites y márgenes.
Exilios de lo mínimo, las letras del desarraigo de Tununa Mercado
Authors: Ávila Mariela Cecilia
Published: November 2024

La escritora argentina Tununa Mercado es una de las primeras mujeres en el Cono Sur Latinoamericano que ha hecho de su experiencia exiliar un problema de análisis y trabajo. Este escrito pretende acercarse a su narrativa, especialmente a los textos sobre el exilio, asumiendo que esta vivencia ha atravesado toda su obra. A partir de una clave de lectura centrada en el desarraigo, revisaremos el vínculo que Mercado propone entre el tiempo y el espacio en el exilio, su relación con la escritura, en tanto letra de lo mínimo, y la imposibilidad de un retorno que anule el destierro. Finalmente, abordamos la figura de lo nimio en sus dos variantes, asumiendo que el desarraigo -al igual que el exilio- tiene distintas formas que se despliegan en relación con cada trayectoria subjetiva.
La experiencia exiliar desde las narrativas de mujeres en Revista Araucaria de Chile
Authors: Soto Pamela
Published: November 2024

Este artículo analiza la experiencia exiliar de mujeres a partir de sus contribuciones narrativas a la Revista Araucaria de Chile (1978-1989), en particular se revisan los textos publicados en la sección "Un millón de chilenos". En un primer apartado se contextualiza la presencia narrativa de mujeres en la sección “Un millón de chilenos” estableciendo una categorización entre los tipos de reflexiones que se desarrollan. En los siguientes tres apartados se aborda cada uno de los tipos de narraciones, a partir de un análisis de los textos, para identificar las principales líneas argumentales que dan cuenta de esta experiencia. En la conclusión se recogen algunas discusiones propuestas en los textos para organizar los aportes de las narrativas exiliar de mujeres al campo de discusión, que exponen la importancia de la cultura impresa exiliar y las principales líneas interpretativas que las mujeres otorgan al exilio desde sus narrativas.
¿Poesía cubana negra en el exterior? Análisis de Color de orisha de Pura del Prado
Authors: Rodriguez García Carlos Manuel
Published: November 2024

La obra de Pura del Prado, poetisa cubana de la diáspora, aun cuenta con escasos estudios crítico-literarios que valoricen su obra, en especial el poemario Color de orisha. El cuaderno es continuador de la poesía de tema negro en la Isla y supone una vía de autorreconocimiento de su identidad como cubana. Es reconocible el vínculo con El monte, de Lydia Cabrera, así como el componente mágico-religioso de muchos textos. Se aprecia un marcado cromatismo en los poemas, apego a los ritmos de la música popular, el sincretismo religioso, la alusión a la sensualidad femenina y diversas expresiones dialectales. Por tanto, se plantea como objetivo valorar la figura de Pura del Prado como continuadora de la poesía de tema negro a través de su poemario Color de orisha, lo que comprueba su pertenencia a la lírica nacional.
La interpretación y la recreación de la otredad en la traducción literaria de Liljana Arsovska
Authors: Chen Jialei
Published: November 2024

La relación entre el «Mismo» y el «Otro» ha sido una cuestión nuclear del discurso poscolonial y recibe cada vez más atención en el ámbito de traducción. Liljana Arsovska es una reputada sinóloga del Colegio de -México. Ha traducido múltiples novelas contemporáneas chinas y ha hecho una contribución notable a la difusión de la literatura china en el extranjero. Liljana Arsovska reconoce que la «otredad» hace que la literatura china sea más gustosa. A su entender, es un enorme reto transmitir los coloridos elementos exóticos a los lectores hispano-hablantes. Emplea diferentes estrategias y ofrece su interpretación creativa sobre la heterogeneidad cristalizada en la literatura china. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo indagar en qué circunstancias y por qué motivos la traductora se inclina por una estrategia u otra.
Integración de la práctica profesional en la formación académica de traductores e intérpretes
Authors: Rodríguez-Faneca Cristina , Martín Martín-Mora Concepción
Published: November 2024

La importancia de la adquisición de conocimientos teórico-prácticos vinculados a las competencias profesionales durante la formación académica es innegable. Del mismo modo, esta formación debe actualizarse y evolucionar en paralelo al mercado laboral. En línea con esto, el objetivo de este trabajo es el de describir y analizar de qué modo se implantan las asignaturas de corte profesional impartidas en el Grado de Traducción e Interpretación en España. Para ello nos basamos en un análisis del contenido de las guías docentes de las asignaturas vinculadas tanto al entorno profesional de la traducción y la interpretación como a la gestión de proyectos, relacionándolas además con las subcompetencias profesionales que se engloban dentro de la competencia de provisión de servicios de traducción del Máster Europeo en Traducción impartido de la Comisión Europea. Los resultados obtenidos nos han permitido reflexionar acerca de los desafíos que presenta la integración de la práctica profesional en la vertiente académica de nuestro campo de conocimiento.
En torno a la retraducción teatral: propuesta para una (re)definición
Authors: Braga Riera Jorge
Published: November 2024

En las dos últimas décadas los estudios sobre retraducción literaria han adquirido un notable avance, y son variadas las propuestas que incluyen definiciones para este fenómeno e inciden en los elementos que lo propician. No obstante, en el ámbito teatral, apenas si contamos con reflexiones que aborden los factores textuales y extratextuales que provocan la traducción y puesta en escena de una obra previamente traducida (y probablemente también representada) en una cultura meta concreta.
Este artículo supone un acercamiento teórico a esta cuestión, al explorar los agentes verbales (lingüísticos, traductológicos) y no verbales (comerciales, personales, ideológicos, escénicos) que favorecen la retraducción y recepción de una obra dramática. El análisis resultante confirma la necesidad de formular una definición de retraducción teatral distinta a la de retraducción literaria que tenga en cuenta las peculiaridades específicas de las artes escénicas.
Descripción de la comprensión narrativa de una película con subtitulado (SpS) por parte de personas adultas con discapacidad auditiva
Authors: Ríos Cardona Carmenza , Rudas Bermúdez Sandra Milena
Published: November 2024

Este artículo expone los hallazgos de un estudio con alcance descriptivo con datos cualitativos cuyo objetivo fue describir la comprensión narrativa de una película con subtitulado (SpS) por parte de personas adultas con discapacidad auditiva. Para la recolección de datos se implementó un cuestionario de comprensión basado en el modelo del esquema narrativo propuesto por Stein y Glenn (1979). Así mismo, se aplicaron una encuesta retrospectiva y una encuesta demográfica y de hábitos de lectura. En el estudio participaron seis personas adultas con discapacidad auditiva. En cuanto a los resultados, se observan diferentes niveles de desempeño en la comprensión narrativa. El nivel de desempeño de los participantes frente a las categorías, de mayor a menor, fue: escena, seguida de la ejecución, consecuencia y/o reacción, plan interno, respuesta interna y suceso inicial. Además, se observó que no hay dificultades ordenando la secuencia de episodios de la historia de manera lógica.
Demarcar telas e reflorestarmentes
Authors: Oliveira de Farias Daniel , Maria Mota Gomes Itania
Published: November 2024

As relações entre território e vida, centrais em ativismos indígenas, são compreendidas através de fluxos audiovisuais em rede. Cartografamos, enquanto prática analítica de articulação, formas comunicativas de confronto político que constituem lutas indígenas em fluxos audiovisuais em rede nas mobilizações Levante Pela Terra, Luta Pela Vida e Marcha das Mulheres Indígenas. Destacamos as proposições de demarcar telas e reflorestarmentes como formas comunicativas em ativismos indígenas que articulam afetos em valores, significados, territorialidades e agendas políticas em experimentações e possibilidades de transformação de configurações hegemônicas da comunicação e do território.
The comparison of sensitivity and specificity of the critical care pain observation tool (CPOT) and behavioral pain scale (BPS): a scoping review
Authors: Ismail Suhartini , Dortheis Uniplaita Eper
Published: November 2024

Background: Assessing pain in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support remains a challenge in the intensive care unit. Due to mechanical ventilation and a reduced level of consciousness, the patient was unable to verbally report perceived pain. Highly sensitive pain assessment tools are critical for pain detection in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) are two pain assessment tools recommended for use in the critical care settingObjective: The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of CPOT and BPS in the assessment of pain in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.Methods: This study was a systematic review conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect databases and followed established guidelines for conducting systematic reviews or scoping reviewsResults: CPOT was found to be more sensitive at 95% with a cut-off score >2, whereas BPS exhibited higher specificity at 91.5% with a cut-off score >6Conclusion: Both CPOT and BPS demonstrate sensitivity to painful situations and are capable of detecting pain in critically ill patients.
Cambio tecnológico en sistemas de producción caprina del noroeste de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Cáceres D. , Robledo W. , Silvetti F. , Soto G.
Published: November 2024

El presente trabajo estudia el proceso de adopción tecnológica de antiparasitarios caprinos en 2 comunidades de pequeños productores (PPs) del noroeste de Córdoba, Argentina. Para realizar el trabajo de campo se elaboró una encuesta semi-estructurada, con la que se entrevistó a 20 PPs de la comunidad (70% deluniverso). La información fue clasificada en 26 variables, las que fueron sometidas a técnicas de análisis estadístico (análisis de agrupamientos, componentes principales y análisis de regresión múltiple) que permitieron identificar las 6 principales variables relacionadas con la adopción de antiparasitarios caprinos: i) superficie del campo; ii) tamaño de majada; iii) importancia relativa del rubro caprino; iv) ciclo vital familiar; v) uso anterior de antiparasitarios caseros; y vi) frecuencia de vistas técnicas a los PPs. Usando las técnicas de análisis de coeficientes de senderos y diagrama de senderos se determinó la relación existente entre las variables seleccionadas y se modeló el proceso de adopción tecnológica. El trabajo concluye que la adopción de antiparasitarios caprinos está relacionada no sólo con variables productivas, sino también con otras variables socioeconómicas no directamente vinculadas al sistema productivo.
Calidad fisiológica de semillas de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) con distintos grados de madurez
Authors: Giambastiani G. , Casanoves F.
Published: November 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer para las condiciones de cultivo de maní en Córdoba (Argentina) qué incidencia tiene la madurez de los frutos sobre la calidad de las semillas que se encuentran en su interior, a fin de especificar qué porcentaje de maduración es el óptimo para la cosecha cuando el destino es la producción de semillas. Se utilizaron frutos producidos bajo condiciones hídricas diferentes, que fueron clasificados de acuerdo a su madurez. Se determinó el perfil de maduración y el peso seco de las semillas de cada grado de madurez. Las semillas de los grados de madurez 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 y 7 fueron sometidas a las pruebas de germinación estándar, peso medio de plántulas y envejecimiento acelerado. El cultivo sin limitantes hídricas aumentó la proporción de frutos maduros. No hubo incidencia del grado de maduración sobre la germinación estándar de las semillas, pero sí ligeramente sobre la germinación luego de ser sometidas a envejecimiento acelerado. El peso medio de plántulas sin sus cotiledones fue marcadamente afectado por la madurez de las semillas.
Respuestas directa e indirecta a la selección para el carácter índice meiótico en triticale hexaploide
Authors: Manero de Zumelzú D. , Cavaleri P. , Maich R.
Published: November 2024

El triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) es un alopoliploide que, debido al poco tiempo transcurrido desde su creación, presenta problemas reproductivos característicos de los individuos que comparten dos o más genomas en un mismo citoplasma sin haber atravesado un proceso de estabilización. Estos problemas afectan tanto aspectos morfofisiológicos, como el número de semillas por espiga, por espiguilla y el llenado del grano, como citogenéticos, evidenciados por la presencia de micronúcleos en tétradas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las respuestas a la selección directa e indirecta mediante la fertilidad de la espiguilla, para el carácter índice meiótico. Las plantas seleccionadas dieron origen a 60 familias F₂:₃ que fueron evaluadas en 1997: 30 por cada criterio de selección (índice meiótico y fertilidad de la espiguilla) y 15 por grupo, con altos y bajos valores para cada uno de ellos. La prueba de intervalo múltiple de Duncan reveló diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0,05) entre los valores medios de los grupos superior (valor alto) e inferior (valor bajo) del material seleccionado por índice meiótico. Estos resultados indican que el carácter es heredable y, por lo tanto, susceptible de mejora genética mediante selección.
Bicycling in the Cities of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Exploratory Mixed-methods Study in Four Cities
Authors: Kannan Smruthi Bala , Goel Rahul , Agyemang Ernest , Quayyum Zahidul , Agrawal Srishti , Bayazid Anisur Rahman , Anjaria Jonathan , Bhalla Kavi
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUNDNational governments and international development agencies increasingly view large-scale increases in bicycling as essential for improving population health and reducing transportation-related climate impacts. However, bicycling investments in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are often reported to fail due to insufficient attention to local context and bicyclist experiences. GOALWe sought to elucidate the status of bicycling in four LMIC cities and propose an implementation science framework for guiding future interventions. METHODSWe conducted exploratory mixed-methods research, including ethnographic observations, intercept surveys, and semi-structured interviews, in Delhi and Chennai (India), Dhaka (Bangladesh), and Accra (Ghana) to describe the current state of bicycling, bicyclist experiences, and the barriers to increasing bicycling.RESULTSWe find that bicycling at present is largely undertaken by poor adult men with limited alternate transport options, particularly for long commutes from the city peripheries, while women and children generally restrict cycling to neighborhood enclaves. Injury risk is a major barrier to bicycling, particularly on arterial roads due to the proximity of high-speed vehicles. While bicycle distribution schemes have effectively increased bicycling among girls, they are largely equity-focused and need to be complemented by a focus on safety. Other barriers to bicycling include car-focused infrastructure, the absence of parking facilities, and the lack of ongoing maintenance to support executed policies.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONCurrent efforts to increase bicycling in LMIC cities focus primarily on physical infrastructure. We find the need to additionally focus on supportive policies in the financial, maintenance, design and manufacturing, and social domains. We recommend the use of the RE-AIM implementation science framework to guide policies that are grounded in the experiences of bicyclists and related stakeholders.
A Low-Cost Electrochemical Sensor for Teaching Detection of Sodium Sulfate, Sodium Chloride, and Potassium Chloride
Authors: Garay Linda Esperanza Bertel , VERA EFRÉN DAVID MONTES
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical sensors are widely recognized for their numerous advantages,including rapid analysis, high sensitivity, and selectivity, making them a preferredtool in chemical detection. Introducing students to sensor fabrication, application,and data analysis early in their training provides them with essential skillsfor advanced research and professional endeavors. This study presents a pedagogicalapproach that enables students to evaluate and compare the performanceof three electrochemical sensors, fabricated using simple and cost-effective materials,for the detection of three distinct chemical compounds: sodium sulfate,sodium chloride, and potassium chloride. The exercise involves determining calibrationcurve equations, limit of detection, and limit of quantification for eachsensor. Results indicate that the sensor optimized for sodium sulfate detectionexhibits superior performance in terms of its limit of detection compared to thesensors for NaCl and KCl.
Neuro-Cognitive Specificities in Prosocial Disobedience: A Comparative fMRI Study of Civilian and Military Populations
Authors: Tricoche Leslie , Rovai Antonin , Lo Bue Salvatore , Caspar Emilie A.
Published: November 2024

The literature has shown that complying with or resisting to an order given by an authority figure to deliver pain to a victim involves multiple cognitive processes, including empathy, guilt, mentalization, cognitive conflict, and sense of agency. However, previous studies have focused only on civilian participants, for whom resistance or obedience to orders may be less significant than for other populations, such as military personnel, for whom this decision is an integral part of their daily professional duty. In this fMRI study, we recruited 53 military members that received orders by an experimenter to send or not shocks to a victim. Their data were analyzed individually and compared to another sample consisting of 56 civilian participants who performed the same task. We investigated the neural processes used by military to resist orders, and we examined the similarities and differences in prosocial disobedience processes between the two groups. Our results showed that military chose to disobey less frequently than civilians, adopting higher homogeneous profiles: fewer ultra-altruistic individuals and no antisocial behavior. High rates of disobedience in military participants were linked to rational factors (moral, educational) as well as emotional factors such as guilt, sadness, and heightened perception of the victim's pain. Although similar neural networks were found between the two groups, suggesting shared neuro-cognitive processes across decision phases, the level of engagement of these processes differed. While civilians predominantly recruited left TPJ and dmPFC during decision-making, military agents relied more heavily on regions such as the right TPJ and anterior insula to achieve disobedience. Military participants also had a reduced sense of agency when they choose to disobey prosocially compared to civilians. Additionally, in military participants, a high rate of disobedience was preferentially associated with activity in right-hemisphere regions during the post-decision phase, in contrast to civilians, who more strongly engaged left and medial regions. These differences may suggest a distinct form of mentalization, with civilians demonstrating more cognitive empathy while military agents rely more on affective empathy.
Screened Out: The Impact of Digitized Hiring Assessments on Disabled Workers
Authors: Luria Michal , Scherer Matthew U. , Thakur Dhanaraj , Aboulafia Ariana , Claypool Henry , Negrón Wilneida
Published: November 2024

Companies have incorporated hiring technologies, including AI-powered assessments and other automated employment decision systems (AEDSs), into various stages of the hiring process across a wide range of industries. While proponents argue that these technologies can aid in identifying suitable candidates and reducing bias, researchers and advocates have identified multiple ethical and legal risks that these technologies present, including discriminatory impacts on members of marginalized groups. This study examines some of the impacts of modern computer-based assessments (“digitized assessments”) — the kinds of assessments commonly used by employers as part of their hiring processes — on disabled job applicants.
Numerical Existence: Reflections on Curating Artistic Data Visualization Exhibitions
Authors: Ludwig Luiz Torres , Pires e Castro Barbara , KOSMINSKY DORIS CLARA
Published: November 2024

Data visualization is often associated with efficiency and the production of insights. However, visual artworks that utilize data as their artistic medium, often referred to as data art or artistic visualizations,receive less attention, especially in discussions surrounding exhibitions specifically focused on data visualization. Artistic visualization is typically presented and debated at conferences on data visualization and related areas in computing and design, usually involving an exhibition of works in parallel. While there are established exhibitions in electronic art, collective exhibitions focused on artistic data visualization, especially those independent of academic events, remain rare. Additionally, there is a limited amount of literature regarding the curatorial practice of specifically artistic data visualization exhibitions. This paper aims to contribute with the discussion of the curatorial processes behind two artistic data visualization exhibitions, Numerical Existence and Numerical Existence: Emergencies, held in Rio de Janeiro in 2018 and 2024, respectively. We will present a brief overview of curatorial attributes, identify the most common issues addressed in exhibitions dedicated to data visualization curated in artistic contexts, discuss the role and unique challenges of curatorial practice in this field, and share insights from our curatorial experience with two exhibitions.Furthermore, we will propose future directions for research and practice in the curation of artistic data visualization. Through this exploration, we aim to contribute to the curatorial practice of artistic data visualization, providing reflections and recommendations to enhance the development of this emerging field.
Gendered dynamics of cabinet management in autocracies
Authors: Beiser-McGrath Janina , Keremoglu Eda
Published: November 2024

Women increasingly gain access to central power in autocracies. Some scholars have argued that this inclusion is driven by regimes’ strategic incentives and reputational concerns. But even if autocrats include women strategically, does that mean that women have limited influence when they hold positions in autocratic governments? Drawing on literature on autocratic elite politics that shows that autocrats target elites they perceive as threatening with cabinet purges, we investigate gendered differences in autocratic leaders’ treatment of inner circle elites in the cabinet. Using global data on individual cabinet members between 1966 and 2017, we analyse whether and why female elites are less likely to be purged from cabinet. We find that women are on average less likely to face dismissal from their position in cabinet, but also that this effect is conditional on other factors such as access to portfolios of higher importance, time in office and party membership. These findings show that even if autocratic leaders include women for strategic reasons, women can use their positions to gain political influence and power and become a threat to autocratic leaders.
Improved Measures with the Experimental Psychometrics Framework
Authors: Franco Víthor Rosa
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes the experimental psychometrics framework, an approach that integrates causal inference and experimental design, representational measurement theory, and data theory to enhance psychological measurement. The framework addresses limitations of traditional psychometric methods by emphasizing the need for experimental control to account for sources of systematic error and to test the assumptions underlying psychometric models. It is argued that past propositions found in the literature have demonstrated how experimental manipulation can improve the validity of measures and provide better tests of theoretical expectations. However, the application of experimental manipulation and causal modeling as tool for assessing the abstract structure of the data, that can be tested from a representational measurement theory perspective are not well developed. Two empirical examples are presented to illustrate how the experimental psychometrics framework offers a structured approach for deriving more robust and replicable measurements. This work contributes to the growing discourse on improving the rigor of psychological measurement and theory, advocating for a more experimentally-driven and theory-informed approach. The potential for this framework to reshape psychometric practices is significant, promising to enhance the accuracy, validity, and reliability of psychological assessments.
Age differences in spatial navigation stem from a preference for familiar routes rather than impaired landmark-dependent strategies
Authors: Hill Paul , Bermudez Skyelynn , Garren Joshua D , McAvan Andrew S , Zheng Jingyi , Barnes Carol A , Ekstrom Arne
Published: November 2024

Numerous studies have shown that older adults perform worse than do younger individuals in spatial navigation tasks, though the reasons for these age differences remain unclear. One hypothesis is that aging leads to a specific deficit in allocentric navigation, which is often assessed by examining how well participants can remember the spatial location of objects in relation to external landmarks within the environment. To test this hypothesis, we had young and older adults navigate a virtual environment under two conditions: a desktop setup using a keyboard and mouse to navigate, and an immersive virtual reality setup that allowed unrestricted ambulation. Both age groups performed worse when recalling locations from novel compared to familiar start locations - often taken as a hallmark of allocentric navigation - though the costs of switching from familiar to novel locations did not significantly differ between the two age groups. Older adults also employed distal landmarks to a comparable extent as did young adults in all conditions. Older adults were more likely to replicate previously taken paths, possibly indicating a preference for egocentric or route-based strategies. This effect was significantly attenuated in the immersive VR condition, particularly in the presence of geometric boundary cues. Age differences in spatial navigation may therefore be driven in part by a selective bias for navigating familiar routes, though these differences appear to be mitigated in the presence of multimodal visual and sensorimotor cues. By contrast, we did not identify any evidence to suggest that spatial errors in older age stem from a failure to attend to stable landmarks within the environment. These results suggest that age differences in navigation are influenced by multiple factors that cannot be reduced to a simple allocentric-egocentric dichotomy.
Do teachers have the knowledge and skills to facilitate effective parental engagement? Findings from a national survey in England
Authors: Jones Cat Lucy , Sideropoulos Vasileios , Palikara Olympia
Published: November 2024

Parental engagement is known to positively influence children’s educational outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether teachers in England are sufficiently equipped to facilitate effective parental engagement. We therefore conducted a national online survey of 1782 qualified teachers in England, to explore their parental engagement training, knowledge, skills and factors influencing those skills. We identified concerning training gaps, with most teachers receiving no training in which types of parental engagement are most effective or how to identify and remove barriers to parental engagement. Only a minority of teachers recognised the importance of parent-child interactions in their conceptualisation of parental engagement, with many seemingly preoccupied with less effective school involvement activities. Teachers’ parental engagement skills were associated with their self-efficacy, experience, workload, training route and other factors. The findings suggest that teachers require better training to prepare them to facilitate effective parental engagement with learning. This study makes an important contribution to the development of future training by pinpointing specific gaps in teachers’ parental engagement knowledge and skills, and identifying predictors of those skills. As such, it has implications for teachers, teacher educators, school leaders and policymakers, aiming to optimise parental engagement practices to enhance children's educational outcomes.
Increasing the participation of part-time PGR students through a co-produced writing retreat
Authors: Jones Cat Lucy , Emmerson Sarah , Rixon Louise , Guerin Chris , Rowntree Rachel , Magulike Chinyere , Haque Azizul , Palikara Olympia
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Part-time doctoral students face unique challenges, contributing to low completion rates. Yet, there is little research into effective provision for this group. This study assesses the benefits and challenges associated with a codesigned writing retreat for part-time doctoral students.Design: This narrative case study draws on multiple data sources (including an online survey, a focus group, and event feedback forms) to discuss the co-production, delivery and evaluation of a residential writing retreat, designed with and for part-time doctoral students.Findings: The co-production stage of the project emphasised part-time doctoral students’ priorities in relation to the design of the retreat. This included focusing on creating a distraction-free environment for writing, holding the event across a weekend to accommodate other commitments, and offering travel bursaries for those that lived significant distances from campus. Data gathered from feedback forms showed that the timing, location and content of the retreat met the needs of attendees; enabling them to connect with other doctoral students and make good progress with their writing. The focus group highlighted benefits of the retreat in more detail, including: the importance of peer support, the opportunity for self-reflection and empowerment, and the rarity of an opportunity that met their needs. Implications for practice and challenges encountered are discussed.Originality: The needs of part-time doctoral students are often overlooked. This study makes a unique contribution by applying co-production methods to design a residential writing retreat that meets the needs of this group.
Education is Effective in Improving Students’ Ethical and Moral Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Basarkod Geetanjali , Cahill Liana , Burston Adam , Barnett David , Mahoney John , Griffith Shantell , Swaryandini Ghassani , Bradshaw Emma L , Devine Emma , Akhtaruzzaman  , Wilks Matti , Slattery Peter , Saeri Alexander K , Grundy Emily A C , Lonsdale Chris , Dicke Theresa , Marsh Herb , Chambers Suzanne , Noetel Michael
Published: November 2024

Addressing society's greatest challenges, such as climate change, requires us to act as moral agents. If effective, interventions within schools and universities could cultivate ethical and moral attributes in millions of people. In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, we synthesized evidence from 66 randomized controlled trials of interventions at primary, secondary, and tertiary education levels (k=246; 9,978 students). Educational interventions effectively improved students’ moral outcomes of sensitivity, judgment, motivation, and character compared to control groups (g = 0.54; n = 45; k = 133). Interventions involving student discussions were more effective than those relying solely on unidirectional or passive transfer of information. This finding was confirmed through studies comparing two alternate ethics interventions (n = 38; k = 113). Overall, our review shows that educational interventions can improve students’ ethical and moral attributes and provides insights for prioritizing and planning future interventions to increase these attributes at scale.
Personal scientometric indicators. I. Scientific life before Hirsch and with his h index
Authors: Chemeris A.V. , Garafutdinov R.R.
Published: November 2024

The history of the emergence of scientometrics as a part of science studies is briefly described and the contribution of domestic scientists is demonstrated. The fundamental differences between the history of science and science of science are noted. Considerable attention is paid to the role of E.Garfield in the formation of a new paradigm for evaluating the works of scientists through the citation of their publications, which led to the emergence of the "scientific citation index". The types of scientific publications and their contribution to the citation index are considered. The works with the record citations are presented and it is noted that such indicators can be achieved only through independent citation. Attention is paid to the appearance of the Hirsch index, the simplicity of its calculation and its inherent disadvantages.
Personal scientometric indicators. II. Brief overview of opinions about the Hirsch’s index in Russia and other countries
Authors: Chemeris A.V. , Garafutdinov R.R.
Published: November 2024

A brief overview of the opinions of scientists from different countries about the Hirsch index is given. In general, many perceive this index as an indicator that does not reliably reflect the performance of specific specialists and hinders the development of science. The issue of the need to maintain a balance between breakthrough and replication studies is raised; it is noted that the Hirsch index stimulates the development of the latter to the detriment of the former. The need to develop a new scientometric indicator, devoid of the shortcomings of the Hirsch index, which will be positively received by domestic scientists, and became the basis for formation of a domestic (national) system of scientometrics is noted.
The effect of drought on the physiological state of the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat leaves
Authors: Lubyanova A.R.
Published: November 2024

Drought is a serious problem worldwide, which leads to a decrease in agricultural crop yield. The study of the effect of 12% polyethyleneglycol 6000 (PEG) treatment of roots of wheat plants on the parameters of photosynthetic activity of leaves of stress-sensitive young seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ‘Skipetr’ can provide new insights into the mechanisms regulating abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Using the IMAGE-PAM pulse fluorimeter (Heinz Waltz GmbH, Germany), it was shown that the parameters of minimum fluorescence after dark adaptation of plants (Fo), maximum fluorescence after dark adaptation of plants (Fm), minimum fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fo), quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation (Y(NO)) and the coefficient of nonphotochemical quenching (qN) of wheat leaves were sensitive to drought. There were differences in the assessing of the parameters of the efficiency of photosynthesis of leaves obtained after 1 day of stress influence and after 2-3 days of PEG exposure of wheat plants. During the first day of drought, there were active induction of adaptation processes of the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat plants, which is reflected in the parameters Fo, Fv/Fo, maximum fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of photosystem II (ФFSII), qN and quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)). During the next two days of PEG exposure, the efficiency of the usage of solar energy by wheat photosynthesis apparatuswas impaired. The exceptions were the parameters Ft/Fo and the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Y(II)), which had different dynamics of changes. During the first day of water deficit, Ft/Fo ratio and Y(II) parameter indicated the decrease in the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as the decrease in the proportion of absorbed and converted light energy. During the next two days of PEG exposure, the Ft/Fo and Y(II) parameters of wheat leaves reflected the development of adaptation processes of plant photosynthetic apparatus and normalization of light absorption by light-harvesting complexes.
Problems of the Soviet peasantry in the post-war decade in modern Russian historiography
Authors:   Karaganda University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, K.K. Abdrakhmanova
Published: November 2024

The study of the problem of the Soviet peasantry in the post-war decade in modern Russian historiography is being updated in the context of fundamental changes connected to the opening of access to new archival doc-uments. Over the past decades there has been an increase in interest in the phenomenon of everyday life of Soviet people, including the peasantry, in Russian historical science. The presented wide layer of historiographic material was divided according to the problem principle: research on public sentiment, rela-tions between the peasantry and the state, the problem of hunger and food supply, political repression against the peasantry, collective farm life, etc. The author concludes that modern Russian historiography focuses on the study of various aspects of peasant everyday life