bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Komparasi Algoritma MobileNet Dan Nasnet Mobile Pada Klasifikasi Penyakit Daun Teh
Authors: Hardi Nila
Published: August 2022

Daun teh tidak semuanya bisa dipanen dengan baik, karena ada beberapa penyakit daun yang dapat menyerang pertumbuhan daun teh itu sendiri. Penelitian dilakukan guna peningkatan kualitas daun teh yaitu melakukan klasifikasi terhadap penyakit dari daun teh. Dataset yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu terdiri dari beberapa jenis penyakit daun teh yaitu algal spot, brown blight, gray blight, helopeltis, red spot dan juga healthy atau daun teh yang sehat. Sedangkan untuk metodenya,  peneliti akan mengkomparasi  metode MobilNet dan Nasnet Mobile pada klasifikasi penyakit daun teh tersebut. Dari hasil Komparasi antara metode MobilNet dan NasNet Mobile dalam klasifikasi penyakit daun teh, NasNet Mobile mendapatkan hasil akurasi sebesar 88% sedangkan MobileNet sebesar 95%
Staging Grenfell: The Ethics of Representing Housing Crises in London
Authors: Beswick Katie
Published: August 2022

This article explores the ethical complexity of Value Engineering: Scenes from the Grenfell Inquiry (which opened in October 2021), a documentary ‘tribunal’ play that presents elements of the inquiry into the Grenfell Tower tragedy-a fire in a social housing block in London, England, in June 2017 in which seventy-two people died. Locating the performance within a cultural and political landscape of deadly class inequity fostered by neo-liberal policies, this article responds to criticism of the play from working-class artists who felt it was made and presented without due consideration for the communities impacted by the tragedy. The article asks what ethical issues were at stake in the representation, and parses some of these to consider how and whether ethically compromised work might nonetheless offer worthwhile interventions into the public conversation surrounding Grenfell, class injustice, and neo-liberal failure.
CARDIOGENIC AND NON-CARDIOGENIC PULMONARY OEDEMA IN A DOMESTIC CAT: PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMEN
Authors: ZAMORSKA TETIANA , GRUSHANSKA NATALIIA
Published: August 2022

The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the prevalence of pulmonary oedema in cats and special approaches to their therapy. In this regard, this paper is aimed at identifying aetiological factors, breed predisposition, clinical manifestations, haematological parameters, and radiological signs. Leading in the study of this issue is an integrated approach, which includes consideration of the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis of cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and treatment of cats. It was found that in the conditions of the “Vet House” Veterinary Centre (Vinnytsia), cats of the British Shorthair, Sphinx, Maine Coon breeds and their hybrids were most often registered with this pathology. 68 cats were diagnosed with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to hypertrophic, restrictive, and unclassified cardiomyopathy. 42 animals were found to have non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to traumatic brain injury, toxic substance poisoning, anaphylactic reaction, airway obstruction, and electric shock. It was found that the most informative during the differential diagnosis of pulmonary oedema in cats are the results of echocardiography and X-ray examination. It was established that for the differential diagnosis of cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, clinical indicators and results of haematological examination of animals are low in information. It was discovered that therapeutic measures for pulmonary oedema are effective in considering aetiological factors, although at the first stage, for both forms of pulmonary oedema, they are aimed at reducing and eliminating the manifestations of acute respiratory failure. The materials of this paper are of practical value for veterinary doctors of general practice and intensive care on differential diagnosis, prediction of the development of the disease and effective treatment of cats
EFFECT OF THE BIOSAPIN PROBIOTIC AND THE BIOLIDE DISINFECTANT ON THE MICROCLIMATE OF POULTRY HOUSES
Authors: KOVALENKO VYACHESLAV , KUCHERUK MARIIA , CHECHET OLHA
Published: August 2022

Currently, in the field of poultry farming, the issue of using disinfectants for surface treatment of poultry houses, incubators and hatching eggs is particularly acute. Preparations must be both effective for the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms resistant to antibacterial substances, and safe for the environment, productive poultry and poultry goods. The purpose of this study was to test the Biosapin probiotic and the Biolide disinfectant in industrial conditions of a poultry house and incubator room. These preparations were used by aerosol spraying in the incubator and output cabinet, as well as in the poultry house in the presence of poultry. They were tested both individually and in combination, compared to the control group, where no preparations were used. The parameters of the microclimate of the premises were determined: temperature – with a weekly thermograph M-21, relative humidity – with an Augusta psychrometer and hygrograph M-16, speed of air movement – with an ASO-13 vane anemometer, illumination – with a luxmeter, concentration of carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide – using gas analyser UG-2, dust pollution – according to weight method, microbial pollution – according to sedimentation method. For the first time, a production test of the use of the Biosapin probiotic and the Biolide preparation in the complex was carried out. The obtained research results indicate an improvement in the microclimate of poultry houses. It was found that when spraying a disinfectant, microbial contamination in poultry premises decreases by 48.1% (P<0.001), and when spraying a probiotic – by 62.4% (P<0.001), while with a complex alternating action of both drugs – by 84.1% (P<0.01). At the same time, the bird's body is sanitised and enriched with probiotics. The positive effect of drugs on the microclimate in both the incubator room and the output hall sections has been experimentally confirmed. In particular, the concentration of ammonia decreases by 7.6% (P<0.01), 12.3, 27.8% (P<0.001) and hydrogen sulphide – by 16.6% (P<0.001), 18.5 and 34% (P<0.001). At the same time, the carbon dioxide content also decreases by 2.8, 3.3, and 5.0 times, respectively. Spraying the Biosapin probiotic and the Biolide disinfectant both separately and in combination stimulate embryogenesis, contribute to the production of more fertilised hatching eggs and the hatching of conditioned young chickens. Thus, the breeding rate of young animals increased by 5.5% (P<0.01), by 7.0% (P<0.01) and by 11.0% (P<0.01). The use of the preparations under study lies in the optimisation of the microclimate in poultry premises through such indicators as relative humidity, concentration of harmful gases (ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide), dust, and microbial air pollution
Apropiación de espacios públicos por vendedores ambulantes en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas
Authors: Trujillo López Iris Janeth
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los procesos y mecanismos que ponen en marcha los vendedores ambulantes para apropiarse de espacios de trabajo en la vía pública de la ciudad de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas. Para lograr dicho análisis se realizó un muestreo intencional no probabilístico a través de entrevistas, observación directa y participante. Los hallazgos demuestran que la organización gremial es el principal factor de incidencia para el desarrollo de prácticas informales en los espacios públicos. Los mecanismos ejercidos por los vendedores ambulantes para continuar sus actividades informales en algunos espacios de la zona centro de la ciudad, son concretadas por acciones colectivas que implica agremiarse en formas organizativas en las que se ejercen acuerdos formales e informales.
Investigation of the effects of mesenchymal stem cell administration on liver recovery in experimental hepatotoxicity model
Authors: ÖZGERMEN Başak , YAVUZ Orhan , HAYDARDEDEOĞLU Ali Evren
Published: August 2022

Hepatotoxicity refers to liver dysfunction associated with certain medical drugs and chemicals. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells have a positive effect on the improvement of liver diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of fetal kidney-induced mesenchymal stem cells on Doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Sprague dawley rats were divided into three groups as control, sham, and treatment group. Intraperitoneal mesenchymal stem cells were treated with BrdU prior to transplantation so that they could be followed up after invivo transplantation. After completion of the experimental steps, the groups were monitored for 5 weeks. Then the rats were terminated and their livers were taken for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation.
In immunohistochemical examinations performed with TNF-α, Caspase-3 and COX-2 primary antibodies, the most severe positivity was in the sham group, followed by the control and treatment groups. While the control and sham groups were found to be statistically similar in immunohistochemical staining with anti-BrdU antibody, the treatment group was found to be significantly different from the other groups (p<0.05).
As a result, it has been revealed that mesenchymal stem cells administered intraperitoneally to rats with Doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity, prevent degeneration and necrosis in hepatocytes, and TNF-α, COX-2, and Caspase-3 levels were significantly decreased immunohistochemically, proving increased liver regeneration.
Methods of estimating lactation milk yield by using control day yields in Awassi sheep
Authors: MUNDAN Durhasan , DEMİR Reşit , PAYDAŞ Esma
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various milk control methods on prediction accuracy of lactation milk yield for Awassi sheep. Different control methods (Sweden, Vogel, Holland I, Holland II, Trapeze I, Trapeze II and State Production Farm methods) and control periods (14th, 21st, 28th, 42nd and 56th day) used to determine lactation milk yield were compared. The data of the research was created within the scope of the "National Project of Small Ruminant Animal Breeding in the Hands of the People" in 2018 and a total of 3173 sheep records belonging to 31 enterprises were used. The actual lactation yield in the study was determined as 255.570.85 kg and the lactation length as 170.620.19 day. Correlation coefficients between the actual lactation yield and lactation yield calculated according to different control methods were found to be high and significant for all control periods and control methods (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). It gave the similar results to the actual lactation yield in the Vogel method calculated according to different control methods in a period of 28th days, in the Trapeze I method in a period of 28th and 42nd days, in the Trapeze II method in all periods (P>0.05). In the other control periods, all methods differed significantly from the actual lactation yield (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). As a result, it has been concluded that results close to the actual lactation yield will be obtained by using one of the Vogel or Trapeze I-II methods calculated by using the milk yields on the control day of Awassi sheep raised under Şanlıurfa conditions.
Faktor Iklim Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Di Kota Jakarta Pusat Periode 2016-2020
Authors: Ekasari Ranti , Radia Ummul , Sinjai Sinjai , Abil Hasan Rivai Andi , Noviana Noviana
Published: August 2022

Lingkungan merupakan salah satu factor yang dapat mengakibatkan masalah kesehatan. Salah satu aspek dari lingkungan yang berperan dalam pola penularan penyakit yaitu perubahan iklim. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat pada  frekuensi peristiwa penyakit pernapasan dan kardiovaskular seperti penyakit pneumonia.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara iklim meliputi suhu, kelembaban udara, dan curah hujan dengan kejadian pneumonia di Jakarta Pusat  pada tahun 2016-2020. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dimana data iklim diperoleh dari Badan Meterologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. Data iklim merupakan data harian yang dikonversi mejnadi data bulanan. Sedangkan data pneumonia merupakan data bulanan seluruh kasus pneumonia yang tecatat pada Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta yang dapat diakses secara online.  Data diolah secara univariat dengan analisis deskriptif dan bivariate dengan analisis korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah suhu maka semakin tinggi kasus pneumonia (r = -0.238). Namun, semakin tinggi kelembaban udara (0.145) dan curah hujan (0.158) maka semakin tinggi pula kasus pneumonia. Pemerintah setempat sebaiknya meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap penularan penyakit pneumonia terutama ketika kelembaban dan curah hujan tinggi serta suhu lingkungan rendah.
Authors: Alimuddin Agus , Aisyah Lisda , Alvia Risa
Published: August 2022

Produk halal sudah memarakkan dunia marketing dengan banyaknya produk-produk yang berlabel halal. Diantaranya yaitu kosmetik halal, namun hal ini sangat disayangkan ada produk halal tapi tidak berlabel halal. Salah satu diantaranya adalah produk kedokteran yang memiliki izin usaha, terdaftar di BPOM, bahkan tidak membahayakan oleh penggunanya namun tidak mengantungi izin label halal. Metode yang digunakan ialah kualitatif, menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis ekonomi yang tujuan untuk mengetahui bahwa sebuah produk yang berlabel halal atau kosmetik halal tidak hanya bisa dilihat dari label tapi beberapa tertentu yang bisa dijadikan tolok ukur dari sebuah produk halal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa label halal dalam kosmetik yang beredar di pasaran memberikan pilihan minat membeli sehingga dengan sikap bahwa adanya beberapa peran yang terjadi didalam sertifikasi halal diantaranya peran identitas agama, sikap, norma subjektif ataudan perceived behaviour control yang dapat menghasilkan peran positif atau negatif dalam minat pembelian produk.
Authors: Kurniawati Fitri
Published: August 2022

Abstrak : Ekonomi kraetif sejatinya ekonomi yang berlandaskan pada kearifan lokal, Ketika bersanding dengan ekonomi Islam maka akan menjadi kegiatan pemberdayaan yang menghidupi masyarakat secara berkesinambungan. Pemberdayaan sebagai sebuah proses pencarian (research) untuk mencari jalan terbaik dalam penyelesaian persoalan yang dihadapi masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Salah satu permasalahan di Desa Tambakroto Kecamatan Kajen Kabupaten Pekalongan ini adalah banyaknya warga desa yang kurang menyadari adanya potensi sekitar mereka yang mungkin bisa mereka gunakan sebagai sumber daya tambahan juga sebagai tambahan atau inovasi baru mata pencaharian. Oleh karena itu, penyelesaian dalam permasalahan ini adalah dengan penyuluhan dan pelatihan ekonomi kreatif kepada warga Desa Tambakroto Kecamatan Kajen Kabupaten Pekalongan. Hasil dari kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan kepada warga desa menjadikan mereka sadar akan adanya potensi sekitar dan memunculkan kreatifitas warga serta membuka peluang usaha lebih banyak lagi bagi warga Desa Tambakroto Kecamatan Kajen Kabupaten Pekalongan untuk menambah penghasilan sehari – hari.

 

Kata Kunci : Ekonomi Kreatif, Pemberdayaan, Ekonomi Islam, Kesadaran Ekonomi
A decentralizáció hatásai a kormánytisztviselők továbbképzésére
Authors: Kis Norbert , Klotz Balázs
Published: August 2022

A kormányzati igazgatásban a tisztviselők továbbképzési és előmeneteli vizsgakötelezettségei 2019-től vezetői mérlegelésen alapuló lehetőséggé váltak. A tanulmány tárgya a korábbi szabályozást dereguláló és az általános kötelezettségek helyébe lépő decentralizált döntések hatásvizsgálata. A 2019–2021 közötti időszak továbbképzési statisztikái alapján azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a korábbi években kötelezettségként teljesített képzési és vizsgavolumen milyen mértékben változott annak hatására, hogy a tisztviselők által évente teljesítendő képzési és vizsgakövetelmény meghatározása a közigazgatási szervek vezetőinek mérlegelési jogkörébe került. Az elemzés megállapítja, hogy a decentralizáció új rendszerében is közel a korábbi (kötelező) mértékű továbbképzési és vizsgamennyiséget veszik igénybe a közigazgatási szervek. Ennek oka, hogy a továbbképzések 2012 óta tartó minőségfejlesztése elérte azt a nívót, amikor a munkáltatók már jogszabályi kötelezettség nélkül is igénylik a tisztviselők folyamatos képzését (motivációalapú továbbképzés). Következtetésünk szerint egyrészt a kötelezettségalapú továbbképzés motivációalapú továbbképzési rendszerré vált, a tisztviselők tanulása fokozódó mértékben a munkahely ösztönzésén és a saját motiváción alapul. Mindez az egyéni fejlesztések hatékonyságát is javítja, mivel a motiváltabb tanulás magasabb hatásfokú a kötelezettségen alapuló tanulásnál. A tanulmány a legnagyobb magyar felnőttképzési rendszer (közszolgálati továbbképzés) példáján keresztül általánosabb következtetésekre is alapot adhat a centralizált döntési rendszerek decentralizálásának utólagos hatásvizsgálati és elemzési módszertanáról.
A bürokráciáról – újra
Authors: Sallai Balázs
Published: August 2022

A bürokratikus struktúrákról és folyamatokról való szakmai diskurzus napjainkban sem tekinthető lezártnak. A bürokrácia jelensége meghatározza mindennapjainkat, s ahogyan Max Weber is írta: a társadalom annak bürokráciáján keresztül ismerhető meg. Ezért a társadalomtudományok egyik legfontosabb feladata e működés kutatása és feltárása. A szociológus Forgács D. Péter vizsgálódásai nyomán 2016-ban adta ki német nyelvű munkáját (magyar kiadás: 2019), amelyben a 21. századi tapasztalatokra (is) építve újraértelmezte azt a képet, amelyet addig Weber, Merton, Crozier, stb. alakított ki. E tanulmány Forgács elméletét igyekszik reflexív módon megjeleníteni. Szó esik itt a magánszféra és közszféra munkavállalóinak különbségeiről, a politika és a közszolgálat viszonyáról, a korrupcióról, a közszolgálat reformképességéről, felelősségéről, valamint fontosabb jelenségeiről, illetve Forgács bürokratikus kultúrköreiről is, vagyis egyes földrajzi területek eltérő bürokratikus kultúráinak jellemzéséről.
Közigazgatási eljárási határidők megtartása és az ügyek észszerű határidőn belüli befejezésének követelménye
Authors: Balogh-Békesi Nóra
Published: August 2022

Magyarország Alaptörvénye a tisztességes hatósági ügyintézés alapjogát biztosító XXIV. cikkében kifejezetten nevesíti az ügyek észszerű határidőn belüli befejezésének követelményét. A tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy az észszerű időben való ügyintézés előírásának milyen érvényesülési mechanizmusa van. A tanulmány egyrészt áttekinti a jelenleg hatályos és a korábban hatályban lévő hatósági eljárásjogi szabályozást a határidők túllépésének jogkövetkezményeiről. Másrészt az alkotmánybírósági és közigazgatási bírói gyakorlat alapján megvizsgálja az eljárási határidők túllépésének megítélését. A tanulmány az esetjog áttekintése után rámutat az abból adódó következtetésekre. Szankcióalkalmazási (közigazgatási bírságot kiszabó) ügyekben, ha a hatóság a törvényi határidőt túllépi, az még nem feltétlenül jelenti azt, hogy az Alaptörvény szerinti észszerű határidő követelménye sérül, de a törvényi határidők és határidő-számítás betartása sem jelenti azt automatikusan, hogy az Alaptörvénybe foglalt „észszerűség” követelménye sem sérült.
Problematic issues of applying the category of “guilt” to legal entities
Authors: Zhornokui Yu. M.
Published: August 2022

An analysis of the Ukrainian legislation, as well as doctrinal approaches to understanding the guilt of a legal entity as a participant in civil relations, was carried out. It was concluded that the issue of the possibility of guilt in a legal entity within the limits of civil liability is determined by several factors of both an objective and subjective nature, namely: a) various mechanisms of forming the will of participants in civil legal relations; b) lack of understanding of the manifestation of the legal entity's own guilt as an independent participant in civil relations, or the guilt of members of its bodies, participants or employees; c) the absence of a direct indication in the current Civil Code of Ukraine on the existence of guilt in a legal entity, since the code (Article 96) contains a norm only about its responsibility.

Some questions remain unresolved: 1) does the category “guilt of a legal entity” exist at all; 2) if there is a legal entity's guilt, so which of the recognized doctrines should be applied - the doctrine of mental conditioning of the offender's behavior or the doctrine of objectively possible care and prudence in the behavior of a participant in a civil legal relationship.

Guilt as a basis for civil liability is taken into account in civil legal relations only between natural persons. There is no separate type of guilt of a legal entity, and any failure by it to fulfill its obligations is caused by the actions of its bodies, participants, and team. This subjective factor is not and cannot be taken into account when imposing civil liability on a legal entity.
The place and role of the sign of property separation of an entrepreneurial company in theories about the essence of a legal entity
Authors: Artemenko R. M.
Published: August 2022

Doctrinal approaches to understanding the place and role of the sign of property separation of an entrepreneurial company in the context of the main provisions of the theory of fiction and the theory of reality of a legal entity as a participant in civil circulation are analyzed. It was concluded that the existence of a significant number of scientific approaches that reveal the essence of individual features of an entrepreneurial company as a legal entity only contribute to the further development of doctries about the legal nature of this legal phenomenon and outline not only the general model of a legal entity, but also its varieties with additional features highlighted. Such a variety is a business partnership, which, as a type of phenomenon in relation to a generic (legal entity), has its own characteristics that do not replace (fully correspond to) the general characteristics of a legal entity. One of these features is property separation, which is recognized as mandatory both by the supporters of the theory of fiction and the supporters of the theory of the real existence of a legal entity as a participant in civil circulation.

It is noted that the feature of property separation is the main one for a legal entity, as it allows to ensure the guarantees of its creditors, to limit the possibility of abuse by the participants (founders) of such an organization, who could use the construction of a legal entity for the purpose of evading responsibility. However, this sign is not the only one.

The approach based on which the theory of fiction most accurately reveals the property separation feature and its place in the system of features of a legal entity is substantiated, defining it as one of the two key essentially forming features of a legal entity.
Organizational and legal principles of the State Bureau of Investigation activity in the system of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine
Authors: Gusarov S. M. , Lisoyvan Ya. M.
Published: August 2022

The place and role of the State Bureau of Investigation in the modern classification system of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine is analyzed. The essence of the definition of “law enforcement agencies” is established, and the peculiarities of their activities are analyzed. It has been noted that modern law enforcement bodies must be considered as state bodies that function in the general system of public authorities and perform, in accordance with current legislation, relevant functions in various fields of internal and external activity of the state, the purpose of which is to observe and implement the rights and freedoms of citizens, legality and law and order with compliance with the rules and procedures regulated by law within the limits of their competence.

It has been emphasized that in order to determine whether a state body belongs to the category of law enforcement, it must have certain specific characteristics. The following signs are the state and authority nature of the activity; the right to apply measures of state coercion; execution of special powers to implement the law enforcement function of the state on a professional basis; special material, technical and personnel support of activities; statutory nature of activity; enforceable nature of law enforcement agency decisions, and more.

It has been established that, despite the short period of activity, the State Bureau of Investigations belongs to the law enforcement agencies of Ukraine by all the above-mentioned features. The powers and functions of the State Bureau of Investigation are analyzed. It has been emphasized that the main ones are solving the tasks of prevention, detection, termination, disclosure and investigation of crimes committed by officials who occupy a particularly responsible position; crimes committed by NABU officials, the Deputy Prosecutor General - head of the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office or other prosecutors of the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office; crimes against the established order of military service.
The essence of case on the merits consideration stage in administrative proceedings
Authors: Ilchyshyn N. V.
Published: August 2022

Study of the administrative proceedings order of implementation as a whole involves the determination of the essence of individual stages of such proceedings. The stage of consideration of the case on the merits due to the specificity of the procedural actions involves a number of both procedural actions designed to ensure a full and impartial clarification of the truth in the dispute, as well as compliance with certain issues of the traditionality of the court session. In other words, consideration of the case on its merits is usually carried out within the framework of a court session, which is characterized as the procedural activity of almost all participants in the process, without exception, in one place. This allows for a more qualified (availability of experts and specialists) and objective (possibility to ask participants questions) assessment of the entire evidence base and to reach certain conclusions. The subject of the research is the norms of the current legislation and the scientific views of famous scientists regarding the meaning and content of such a stage as consideration of the case on its merits.

During the research, using the methods of scientific analysis, explanation and generalization, an analysis of existing doctrinal developments and norms of current legislation, which determine the order and forms of administrative proceedings in relation to the judicial review of disputes, was carried out.

The result of the study is the characterization of such a stage of administrative proceedings as consideration of the case on its merits, through the prism of understanding the tasks and goals of individual procedural actions. The definition of the essence of the case consideration is emphasized separately as a scientific term.

The author's definition of the essence of the consideration of the case on the merits is formulated, that is a purposeful set of procedural actions aimed at clarifying all the necessary circumstances of the case, its resolution on the merits, i.e. (non)recognition of the actions or inactions of the parties to the case as illegal or untrue, with the aim of establishing the fairness of public legal relations in society and providing a real opportunity to the subjects of such relations to fully protect their own interests in court.

The conclusions presented in the work can be used in the educational process of legal education students and during the development of new draft laws in the field of administrative legislation.
Regarding the improvement of organizational and legal regulation of relations in the sphere of protection and use of the animal world and combating poaching during the period of martial law in Ukraine
Authors: Kazanchuk I. D.
Published: August 2022

The current state of administrative and legal regulation of social relations in the sphere of protection and use of the animal world in Ukraine is analyzed. The meaning of the concept of “poaching” is revealed and its components are outlined. Taking into account statistical data, a detailed description of effective organizational and legal measures to counter poaching cases, which are used in the activities of the units of the National Police of Ukraine, the State Ecological Inspection, and other nature protection bodies of Ukraine, is provided. It is noted that poaching is one of the major threats to biodiversity and national ecological security of Ukraine. It is emphasized the need to involve the public in the organization of actions for the protection of the animal world, as well as in the process of planning joint preventive measures of protection nature, conducting information and explanatory work among the population on issues of preventing violations of administrative (nature protection) legislation.

Attention is drawn to shortcomings in the Ukrainian legislation, which regulates relations in the sphere of protection and use of the animal world. Proposals are also made to improve the legal framework for the interaction of the water police and units of the State Environmental Inspection in the field of animal protection in the modern conditions of the introduction of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine. Taking into account the positive experience of nature protection activities of law enforcement agencies and other state bodies of Ukraine, the main areas of improvement of the system of organizational and legal measures against poaching are highlighted. In particular, these are: the proper organization of state administration in the field of protection and use of the animal world; the strengthening the responsibility of citizens and officials for violating the basic requirements and rules of rational use and reproduction of the animal world; the presence of an effective organizational and legal mechanism for the implementation of the rights and obligations of users of animal world objects; the joint actions of the State Environmental Inspection and the Water Police regarding the protection, reproduction and use of rare and endangered animals; the keeping state records of animals and records of their production; the implementation of state and public control in the field of protection, use and reproduction of the animal world; the introduction of new organizational and legal forms and methods of interaction of authorized state bodies and other subjects of combating offenses in the field of animal protection, increasing control over the quality of their implementation; the development of legal eco-education and a system of crime prevention measures; the introduction of modern mechanisms of analytical and logistical support of law enforcement agencies.
Peculiarities of criminal proceedings materials preservation in conditions of martial law
Authors: Fomina T. H.
Published: August 2022

Taking into account the latest legislative changes to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the theoretical and practical issues of the preservation of criminal proceedings materials in the conditions of martial law are highlighted. The judicial practice regarding the restoration of lost materials of criminal proceedings has been analyzed. The study of the decisions entered into the Unified State Register of Court Decisions shows that the recovery of criminal proceedings materials is not yet a widespread practice, which is due to several factors. It is emphasized that the restoration of the materials of criminal proceedings in the future will depend on the availability of criminal proceedings material copies at the investigator’s, inquirer’s and prosecutor’s disposal, given that the legislative changes to Art. 615 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine are quite timely and appropriate.

The list of pre-trial investigation materials that must be kept by the inquirer, investigator or prosecutor in electronic form is given. A systematic analysis of the criminal procedural legislation and legal acts made it possible to conclude that the preservation of the materials of the criminal proceedings in electronic form is possible in the case of: 1) production in electronic form using a qualified electronic signature of an official; 2) creation of a pre-trial investigation using an information and telecommunications system; 3) digitization, i.e. transformation of criminal proceedings materials into electronic format. Saving the materials of criminal proceedings in electronic form by means of digitization is currently a more accessible method, given the impossibility of fully using the «eCase» information and telecommunication system at all pre-trial investigation bodies, as well as given the limitations on the volume of procedural documents that can be produced in electronic form using a qualified electronic signature.
Problems of proving in criminal proceedings based on violations of war laws and customs
Authors: Shulzhenko A. V.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of conducting a pre-trial investigation into violations of the laws and customs of war. The purpose of the work is a theoretical generalization of the problems of proving existing in practical activities during the investigation of crimes related to violations of war laws and customs. Recently, a significant number of incidents of shelling of residential areas from the territory of the Russian Federation have been recorded in Ukraine, which led to violations of criminal proceedings, which are currently being investigated by the investigators of the National Police. During the investigation, a number of problems related to the process of proof has arisen, which makes this problem relevant. There are problems with the lack of experience of the investigators for the specified facts, as well as with objective reasons. The latter includes the commission of illegal actions from the territory of another state, not under the control of Ukraine, which significantly complicates the process of establishing of the subjects of criminal acts during the investigation, the locations of military units from which shelling of Ukrainian territory, where civilians are located, is carried out. It is also a problem to determine the forms of criminal activity of subjects, namely by proving complicity or its absence. An analysis of investigative (search) actions is provided, including inspection of the scene, investigation, examination of the corpse, exhumation, appointment and conducting of forensic examinations. Among the examinations, it is advisable to appoint forensic medical, commodity science, economic, fire engineering, construction engineering, etc. The most common problem is the impossibility of identifying the suspect, questioning, detaining, and conducting other procedural actions with them. Conducting an investigative experiment is also excluded. It is proposed to establish operational cooperation between investigators and the Security Service of Ukraine, to develop a unified methodology for investigating crimes related to violations of the laws and customs of war. It is also proposed to establish operational interdepartmental relations, the results of which could be used in evidentiary activities.
Estudo Etnobotânico em Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombo em Rio de Contas – Chapada Diamantina - Bahia
Authors: Silva Nina C. B. , Regis Ana C. D. , Almeida Mara Zélia
Published: August 2022

A etnobotânica é uma importante ferramenta para a identificação de espécies da Flora utilizada por comunidades tradicionais para fins medicinais, contribuindo também para a preservação da cultura popular. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar a relação entre o uso de plantas medicinais e a busca por saúde nas comunidades quilombolas da Barra e Bananal, Rio de Contas-BA. O levantamento etnobotânico foi realizado através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicação de formulários e observação participante a fim de identificar o uso de plantas para fins medicinais. Os sinais e sintomas de doenças citadas para as quais eram utilizadas plantas foram organizados em categorias baseadas na Classificação Internacional de Doenças proposta pela OMS. Foram citadas 71 espécies vegetais sendo Mentha spicata, a mais citada (8,5%) e a família Lamiaceae a mais representativa. As comunidades utilizam principalmente as folhas (55,3%), na forma de chá (64%). A maioria das plantas (62,5%) é obtida nos quintais das casas e cerca de 24% são coletadas em diferentes áreas da região. O maior número de espécies foi indicado para aliviar sintomas em geral (31,5%) seguidos pelos problemas relacionados aos sistemas respiratórios (24,3%) e gastrointestinais (15,8%). As comunidades estudadas fazem intenso uso de plantas medicinais, possuindo amplo conhecimento acerca desses recursos.
Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients attending college of dentistry – Basrah University
Authors: Najm Dr. Mohanad J.
Published: August 2022

Background: The aim of study was to find out the prevalence of oral mucosallesions in patients who are attending the oral diagnosis department of the Collegeof Dentistry – Basrah University and compare it with the prevalence rates ofthese lesions in other parts of Iraq.Materials and Method: Oral examination of 2318 outpatients, 1202 females (51.8%)and 1116 males (48.2%). The patient's age ranged between 9-74 years. All thepatients of this study referred to oral diagnosis department, College of Dentistry,Basrah University seeking for dental treatment (from October 2010-May 2011).Results: Among the 2318 patients, only 206 patients (8.8%) had oral lesions. 115males had oral lesion constituted 4.9% of total examined patients, while 91females had oral lesion constituted 3.9%. The age range of the patients wasbetween 9-74 years.Oral lesions were more prevalent among males (4.9%) than females (3.9%), andthere was significant statistical difference between males and females. Orallesions were classified according to the following 4 categories: ulcerated lesions(3.84%), benign lesions (2.93%) ,white lesions (1.12%) and candidiasis (0.99%),The most common oral lesion of the studied populations were the ulceratedlesions, which diagnosed in (3.8%).There were a significant statistical differencebetween males and females in the traumatic ulcer, lichen planus, pyogenicgranuloma and peripheral giant cell granuloma.Conclusions: This study has provided information about the epidemiologic aspects oforal mucosal lesions that may prove valuable in planning of future oral healthstudies.
Expression of bone morphogenetic protein7 in developing rat tooth
Authors: Al-Hijazi Prof. Dr. Athraa Al-Hijazi , Al-Gburi Dr. Rafea Al-Gburi , MSc Dr. Enas Fadel
Published: August 2022

Background: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secretory signal moleculeswhich have a variety of regulatory functions during morphogenesis and celldifferentiation. Teeth are typical examples of vertebrate organs in whichdevelopment is controlled by sequential and reciprocal signaling between theepithelium and mesenchyme. In addition, tooth development is characterized byformation of mineralized tissues, dentin and cementum as well as epitheliallyderived enamel. BMp 7 plays a role with other signaling molecules in toothdevelopment.Aim of the study: To perform immune-histochemical analysis of the expression ofBMP7starting from initiation of tooth development to completion of crownmorphogenesis when dentine and enamel matrices are being deposited in ratincisor tooth Materials and Methods: Sixteen rat embryos were obtained frompregnant rats in gestation periods 16th,17th,18th,20th intrauterine life and eightneonatal one day and 3 day old rat were included in this study . Each periodinvolved 4 embryos or neonatal rats. Premaxilla ( containing incisor teeth) wasdissected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Blocksections (4 μm thickness) for Immunohistochemical localization of BMP7.Results: Positive expression of BMP7 was recorded in ectoderm derived cells only, indeveloping tooth germ include oral epithelia, dental lamina and inner enamelepithelia in gestation period 16th,17thand 18thintrauterin life of rat embryo. Thenthe expression was illustrated in specialized cell of dental papilla the odontoblastand the developing dentin matrix .Ameloblast cell expressed too BMP7 in itsformative and maturative stages.Conclusion: Bone morphogenetic protein 7 may play key roles in mediatinginduction, differentiation events during tooth development.
The Role of K-Ras and PI3Kcb Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ghazi Dr. Asseel Mohammed , Merza Dr.Muna S.
Published: August 2022

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy. It arisesfrom premalignant lesions followed by outgrowth of clonal cell populations withcumulative genetic alterations. Phosphoinositol 3-kinases are a family of relatedintracellular signal transducer enzymes capable of phosphorylating the 3 positionhydroxyl group of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns).Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases involved in cellular functions such as cell growth,proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking, whichin turn are involved in cancer. RAS is a signal transduction protein for manyimportant cellular processes such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, andsurvival by mediating the cell's response to extracellular stimulations. Kras, is aprotein within the RAS family, function in the same pathway of a Ras –Raf -Mek-Erk-map kinase pathway which plays a role in mediating cellular response to cellgrowth. Kras appears to be involved in signal transduction and cell cycleregulation. To dates there has been limited previous investigation of proteinexpression of both PI3Kcb and Kras in oral squamous cell carcinoma. This studywas performed to examin the expression of PI3Kcb and kras in oral squamous cellcarcinoma in comparison to normal oral mucosa and to correlate the expression ofboth markers with clinicopathological findings including tumor grade and stageand with each other.Materials and Methods: This study included 31 selected cases of oral squamous cellcarcinoma pro and retrospectively and 10 cases normal oral mucosa. PIK3cb andKras expression has been detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: Results of the present study revealed positive PI3Kcb and kras expression inall examined oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. Immunostaining results for kras& PI3kcb were detected as brown stain for cell membrane and cytoplasm in tumorcells while there was no expression of both markers in normal oral mucosa. Nosignificant correlation was observed between both markers and theclinicopathological finding of oral squamous cell carcinoma while highlysignificant positive correlation was observed between the two markers.Conclusion: The Present study provides additional evidence that Kras, and PIK3cbover expression are common in contribution to oral squamous cell carcinomatumorigenesis, and that PI3Kcb signaling network plays an important role in oralsquamous cell carcinoma and thus, pathway-specific therapies targeting these twopathways should be considered in the future treatment of oral squamous cellcarcinoma patients
Elevation Salivary C - Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels in Iraqi Women with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS ) and Oral diseases
Authors: Abbas Dr. Maha Jamal , Al –Hashemy Dr. Esra Hassan , Abdul Hassan Dr. Omar Jaffar
Published: August 2022

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most commonendocraniopathy in women of reproductive age, affecting (5-10) % of populationand it is the leading cause of female infertility.C-reactive protein CRP, is a member of a group of acute phase of protein whichincrease their concentrations during certain inflammation disorders and used as abiomarker of inflammation in the body.Aim of the study: is to assess the salivary level of CRP with were oral disease wasstimulated by evaluate gingival inflammation, plaque accumulation in some Iraqiwomen with PCOS disease in compared with women not have PCOS.Methods: 19 females with PCOS and 26 females with systemically healthy include inthis study. Saliva were collected and CRP were examined and evaluated by usingELISA method in both study and control group. For all groups we examine theoral inflammation was measured depending on gingival and plaque index.Results: the results reported all PCOS women have significant increase in the salivaryCRP than women with no PCOS) mean ± SD (226.8±34SD, 173.8±22.5respectively). All women with PCOS had significantly increased in gingivitis thanwith no PCOS women.Conclusion:An increase in salivary CRP and gingival inflammation were found in womenwith PCOS. Also suggested measurement of salivary CRP may be helpful inpredicting women with oral disease in PCOS women.
Relationship between Gingival Inflammation, Neutrophils Count in both Saliva and Blood in different stages of Pregnant Iraqi Women
Authors: Abd Ali Dr. Esra Hassan , Abbas Dr. Maha Jamal
Published: August 2022

Neutrophil, plays an important role in innate immune response, that phagocytebacteria, will burst of oxygen consumption (respiratory burst), and produce reactiveoxygen type as bactericidal or by produce of lysis enzymes (non oxygen dependent).Phagocytes are the important factors that play a role in acute inflammatory responsedue to their ability to destroy various pathogens efficiently. Gingival changes inpregnancy have been attributed to changes in sub gingival biofilm related to hormonalvariation.Aim of the study: To evaluate the neutrophils count in both saliva and blood, alsodetermined the phagocytic activity of neutrophil in pregnant at different stages andnon-pregnant women the study the association of neutrophile changes withseverity of some oral disease including gingivitis and plaque.Material and methods: twenty four pregnant women as study group and fourteennon pregnant women as control group were included in this study. The pregnantwomen were following up for three groups according to pregnant stages .Plaqueand gingival indicates. Saliva and blood samples from pregnant women atdifferent stages and control group (non pregnant women) were obtained andneutrophils total number was determine by using Neubauer chamber so theneutrophils number were carried out for all subjects . The phagocytic activities ofneutrophils were examined after challenged the neutrophils with candida albicansthat had been opsonized.Conclusion: salivary and blood neutrophils counting and phagocytic function aresignificantly increase in women at third trimester and positively associated withthe severity of plaque and gingivitis..
The Incidence of Three Roots and Four Root Canals in Endodontically Treated Mandibular First Molars in Iraqi Population
Authors: Al-Gharrawi Hikmet A. Sh.
Published: August 2022

It is of utmost importance that the clinician be familiar with the variations in root canal anatomy and the characteristics features in various racial groups, since such knowledge can aid location and negotiation of canals as well as their subsequent management. The aim of the present study is to investigate the incidence of three roots and four root canals in the mandibular first molar in Iraqi population. A total of 327 endodontically treated mandibular first molars were investigated in this study. Radiographs of working length determination and canal obturation at different angles of each tooth were mounted, projected and evaluated. The clinical records were reviewed and the findings for the number of roots and root canals were then recorded and tabulated. Roots with multiple canal systems were categorized according to whether the canals exited the root by a common apical foramen or by separated apical foramina. The results showed that 81.96% of the examined teeth had three root canals and the remaining 18.04% had four root canals. Most of the teeth ( 99.08% ) had two roots. Only three teeth ( 0.92% ) had three roots. There was no significant differences between males and females in the incidence of three roots and four root canals ( P > 0.05 ).