bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of earring when drawing cups from highstrength materials
Authors: Majerníková Janka , Spišák Emil , Mulidrán Peter
Published: January 2025

The paper deals with the analysis of earrings during the drawing of cylindrical cups with a flat bottom from highstrength materials. The paper focuses on the comparison of the heights of cups of two high-strength steel sheets,
which will be compared with the heights of cups from deep-drawn sheet metal. The cups were drawn from blanks of two diameters 63 and 66 mm with and without the use of lubricant. The evaluation methods and results from the tensile test and cupping test are presented
Innovative Application of Digital Printing Technology in “China Chic” Clothing
Authors: Min Yue , Hassan Hanisa
Published: January 2025

As the resurgence of Chinese traditional culture gains global attention, "China Chic" clothing design has
become a prominent trend in modern fashion. Digital printing technology is an advanced textile printing process.
It has become a core technology in "China Chic" clothing because of its high precision, full-color gamut,
versatile design capabilities, and environmental benefits. This study explored the application effect of digital
printing technology on fabrics of different materials through printing accuracy tests and printing color
reducibility comparison tests of different fabric structures with case analysis, and verified its superior
performance in traditional pattern reproduction and customization. The results indicated that digital printing
technology can not only meet the complex design requirements of "China Chic" clothing but also significantly
enhance the environmental sustainability of the production process. In the future, the development of digital
printing technology should focus on improving production efficiency, reducing costs, and developing more
environmentally friendly inks to expand its potential in the textile industry further. Finally, the study shows the outstanding performance of digital printing technology in application efficiency, vision and color, which can provide strong technical support for the innovative design of "China Chic" clothing
Preparation of Design and Fabrication of Electromagnetic Braking System
Authors: Dhuri Parshuram , Godkar Sahadev , Dhuri Siddhesh , O.C.Salvi Guide:- PRO.
Published: January 2025

Electromagnetic Braking Systems (EMBS) represent a promising alternative to traditional mechanical braking
technologies by using electromagnetic forces to generate braking torque. This review paper explores the design
principles, operational mechanisms, and applications of EMBS in various sectors such as transportation,
industrial automation, and consumer technology. The core principle of EMBS relies on the induction of eddy
currents within a conductive material when exposed to a changing magnetic field, which creates an opposing
force that slows or stops the motion of an object without physical contact.
This paper discusses the key components of EMBS, including electromagnets, power supply systems, conductive
materials, and control mechanisms. It evaluates various design considerations, such as the optimization of
magnetic field strength, material selection, and thermal management to improve braking efficiency and response
time. Moreover, the advantages of EMBS, such as reduced wear and tear, lower maintenance costs, and
smoother braking performance, are contrasted with the limitations, including heat generation and the need for
precise control.
The review also highlights practical applications of EMBS, particularly in high-speed trains, roller coasters, and
automated transport systems. Finally, the paper identifies ongoing challenges and future directions for improving the scalability, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of EMBS, paving the way for broader industrial and commercial adoption.
Summer Internship CS391 – Summer 2016
Authors: Balkhair Eynas , chaudhery Touseef
Published: January 2025

This report discusses the student work of Four weeks, with 8 hours as daily working hours (from 4:00 pm till
12:00 pm) without day off and weekend.The student was assigned to work in the IT Specialists and application
department under the Information Technology. This is much related to her major because of this she had the
opportunity to apply some of the tools and techniques which she studied in the work field.The main objectives of
the training were to familiarize the interns on how to develop a website-framework using ORACLE Software
SystemAs an intern I was able to access a great amount of resources provided by Billy Beez’s Company, especially
the software development training website. During my training I was given different kinds of tasks. I was able to design and recreate a website using many different tools and websites to do that like Wix, ORACLE. I were asked to develop a website using Wix framework
Antibacterial Potential of Polymeric Nanoparticles Against Enterobacteriaceae: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: . PiyaliBasak , Das Rajarshi , Chakraborty Tamalika , Begum Jeenatara
Published: January 2025

The Enterobacteriaceae family encompasses a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, including pathogenic
species such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica. These pathogens are
responsible for severe infections and exhibit significant resistance to conventional antibiotics, posing a major
public health challenge. Polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a promising solution to struggle these
resistant strains due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high surface area, size, and the ability
to encapsulate and release antimicrobial agents in a controlled manner.
This review focuses on the antimicrobial properties of polymeric nanoparticles directed against the
Enterobacteriaceae family. We explore the various types of polymeric nanoparticles, including chitosan, PLGA
(poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)), dendrimers and their mechanisms of action, such as disruption of bacterial cell
walls, inhibition of biofilm formation, and enhanced delivery of encapsulated antibiotics. The synthesis
methods, characterization techniques, and in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating their efficacy are
discussed.Additionally, we address the challenges associated with the clinical translation of polymeric
nanoparticles, such as biocompatibility, potential toxicity, and large-scale production. The review also
highlights the potential for synergistic effects when polymeric nanoparticles are combined with traditional
antibiotics, offering a multi-faceted approach to overcoming bacterial resistance.
In conclusion, polymeric nanoparticles represent a versatile and potent strategy for targeting the
Enterobacteriaceae family, with the potential to revolutionize the treatment of bacterial infections. Further research and development are required to optimize their design and application, ensuring their safe and effective use in clinical studies
Effect of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Welding Joint
Authors: Alshatti Anwar y , Alshatti tariq a
Published: January 2025

Friction stir welding (FSW) has been used to join metallic and non-metallic materials without melting the base
metal. this process employs a non-consumable rotary welding tool consist of a shoulder and a pin. the friction
between the tool and the work piece generates heat which is coupled with the axial pressure on the tool
contribute in the production of a permanent welding joint. this work reviews the influence of some operational and engineering parameters that may affect the performance of the friction stir welding and consequentially the mechanical properties of the welding joint..
Universal Messaging: The Growth and Potential of Rich Communication Services
Authors: Singh Shivam Vivekanand , Johari Shubhang
Published: January 2025

This report analyzes the evolution of Rich Communication Services (RCS) between 2020 and 2024, focusing on
its role as a next-generation messaging protocol. Designed to enhance SMS/MMS, RCS integrates rich media,
group chats, and secure business messaging, offering features commonly found in OTT platforms like
WhatsApp and iMessage. The RCS market has expanded from $5.2 billion in 2020 to an estimated $7.5 billion
by 2024, fueled by enterprise adoption, enhanced customer engagement, and 5G integration. Key applications
span business messaging, advertising, transactional communication, and customer support. Despite challenges
like limited iOS adoption, competition from OTT services, and high infrastructure costs, RCS presents
significant investment potential for telecom operators and enterprises. The report highlights opportunities in
Application-to-Person (A2P) messaging and emerging revenue streams. Trends point to the importance of 5G
integration, AI-driven solutions, and telecom partnerships in overcoming adoption barriers. By leveraging RCS,
businesses and MNOs can unlock competitive advantages, reclaim market share, and improve user engagement.
Positioned as a secure, interoperable, and feature-rich messaging standard, RCS is transforming the
communication landscape, bridging the gap between traditional telecom services and the demands of modern, multimedia-rich communication
Association between perceived organizational support and COVID-19 vaccination intention: A cross-sectional study
Authors:   CORoNaWork project, Kobayashi Yuichi , Nagata Tomohisa , Fujino Yoshihisa , Hino Ayako , Tateishi Seiichiro , Ogami Akira , Tsuji Mayumi , Matsuda Shinya , Mori Koji
Published: December 2021

Objectives

We examined the association between perceived organizational support (POS) and COVID-19 vaccination intention as well as the influence of the implementation of workplace infection prevention measures.

Methods

We analyzed data from an Internet survey of workers aged 20–65 years conducted in December 2020, during a period of widespread COVID-19 infection in Japan.

Results

Of the 23 846 participants in this survey, 1958 (8%) reported very high POS. In the group with very high POS, 836 (43%) workers wanted the COVID-19 vaccination; in contrast 1382 (36%) workers in the group with very low POS wanted the vaccination. POS was associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11). The OR decreased after additional adjustment for the number of workplace infection control measures (OR = 1.06). In the analysis with POS as a categorical variable, very high POS was associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention (reference: very low POS) (OR = 1.34). The OR decreased after additional adjustment for the number of workplace infection control measures (OR = 1.17). High POS was associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention (OR = 1.17) but not with vaccination intention after additional adjustment for the number of workplace infection control measures (OR = 1.05).

Conclusions

High POS during the COVID-19 pandemic increased employees’ vaccination intention. The relationship between POS and vaccination intention was strongly influenced by implementation of workplace infection prevention measures. Implementing appropriate workplace infection prevention measures in the event of an emerging infectious disease outbreak may influence the vaccination behavior of employees, which may contribute to the acquisition of herd immunity in the community.
A pipeline for copy number profiling of single circulating tumour cells to assess intrapatient tumour heterogeneity
Authors: Deger Teoman , Mendelaar Pauline A. J. , Kraan Jaco , Prager‐van der Smissen Wendy J. C. , van der Vlugt‐Daane Michelle , Bindels Eric M. J. , Sieuwerts Anieta M. , Sleijfer Stefan , Wilting Saskia M. , Hollestelle Antoinette , Martens John W. M.
Published: December 2021

Intrapatient tumour heterogeneity is likely a major determinant of clinical outcome in cancer patients. To assess heterogeneity in a minimally invasive manner, methods to perform single circulating tumour cell (CTC) genomics at high resolution are necessary. However, due to the rarity of CTCs, development of such methods is challenging. Here, we developed a modular single CTC analysis pipeline to assess intrapatient heterogeneity by copy number (CN) profiling. To optimize this pipeline, spike‐in experiments using MCF‐7 breast cancer cells were performed. The VyCAP puncher system was used to isolate single cells. The quality of whole genome amplification (WGA) products generated by REPLI‐g and Ampli1™ methods, as well as the results from the Illumina Truseq and the Ampli1™ LowPass library preparation techniques, was compared. Moreover, a bioinformatic pipeline was designed to generate CN profiles from single CTCs. The optimal combination of Ampli1™ WGA and Illumina Truseq library preparation was successfully validated on patient‐derived CTCs. In conclusion, we developed a novel modular pipeline to isolate single CTCs and subsequently generate detailed patient‐derived CN profiles that allow assessment of intrapatient heterogeneity in future studies.
Mackenzie, Colin
Authors: Howes Jennifer
Published: December 2021

Colin Mackenzie (1754–1821) was a military engineer and antiquarian scholar who oversaw the earliest surveys of Amaravati Stupa and Mamallapuram. Originally from the island of Lewis in Scotland's Outer Hebrides, he went to India in 1783 and worked as a surveyor for the East India Company for the rest of his life. His collections, assembled by a team of draftsmen and translators, form the largest extant archive of information about South Asia to be gathered by a single person.
Xunzi
Authors: Sung Winnie
Published: December 2021

Xunzi, a third‐century
bce
thinker, promulgated and defended Confucian ideals, such as ritual, music, and propriety. Xunzi was the first Confucian thinker who suggested that human beings should work with Heaven, that human nature is bad, and that human nature can and needs to be transformed by effort. Xunzi developed concepts, such as
Dao
(Way‐moral standards),
xin
(heart‐mind),
ming
(names), and
xue
(learning), that shaped Chinese intellectual discourse. He also discussed, in nascent form, concepts that were later developed extensively by Confucian thinkers, such as
qing
(feeling/emotion) and
li
(pattern/order).
Facile Synthesis of Zn2+‐Based Hybrid Nanoparticles as a New Paradigm for the Treatment of Internal Bacterial Infections
Authors: Huang Yue , Gao Qiang , Li Chen , Chen Xiaohui , Li Xu , He Yi , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian
Published: December 2021

Transition metal ions such as Ag+, Cu2+, and Zn2+are utilized as sterile agents thousands of years ago. Unfortunately, these metal ions in the form of traditional metal or metal oxide nanoparticles cannot be directly medicated into human body due to the potential toxicity. Herein, novel Zn2+–ε‐poly(l‐lysine) (EPL)–protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA)‐based hybrid nanoparticles (ZEP NPs) with on‐demand release capability are synthesized for the first time by one‐step coordination self‐assembly of Zn2+, EPL, and PCA to address this issue. The ZEP NPs can effectively adhere on bacterial cells and release Zn2+in situ due to the decomposition of ZEP NPs in acidic infection microenvironment. More importantly, ZEP NPs exhibit excellent bactericidal ability in a protein‐rich environment, in which free Zn2+completely loses its bactericidal ability. The excellent bactericidal effect of ZEP NPs is confirmed in a skin infection model and a lung infection model, demonstrating the great potential to deal with internal infections. Meanwhile, ZEP NPs exhibit negligible toxicity since the dose of Zn2+can be significantly reduced compared to the commercial zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The outstanding bactericidal ability as well as negligible toxicity of ZEP NPs makes it ideal candidate of next generation antibacterial agents in treating internal infections.
Ions Transport in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices at Low Temperatures
Authors: Sun Yinglun , Liu Bao , Liu Lingyang , Yan Xingbin
Published: December 2021

The operation of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices at low temperatures as normal as at room temperature is of great significance for their low‐temperature environment application. However, such operation is plagued by the sluggish ions transport kinetics, which leads to the severe capacity decay or even failure of devices at low‐temperature conditions. In this review, the difficulties of ions transport in electrolyte, electrolyte/electrode interface, and electrode material at low temperatures are discussed in depth, and the reported strategies to solve the corresponding problems are surveyed subsequently. Finally, the views on how to build high‐performance low‐temperature‐available EES devices as well as their development directions are put forward.
Regulating Polysulfide Redox Kinetics on a Self‐Healing Electrode for High‐Performance Flexible Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Gao Runhua , Zhang Qi , Zhao Yun , Han Zhiyuan , Sun Chongbo , Sheng Jinzhi , Zhong Xiongwei , Chen Biao , Li Chuang , Ni Shuyan , Piao Zhihong , Li Baohua , Zhou Guangmin
Published: December 2021

Wearable electronics require lightweight and flexible batteries, of which lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are of great interest due to their high gravimetric energy density. Nevertheless, flexible Li‐S batteries have unsatisfactory electrochemical performance owing to electrode fracture during repeated bending, the volume change of sulfur species and the severe shuttle effect. Binders play essential roles in these batteries but have always lacked attention. Herein, a self‐healing polyvinylpyrrolidone‐polyethyleneimine (PVP‐PEI) binder cross‐linked by hydrogen bonds, which also regulates polysulfide redox kinetics, is reported. The dynamic hydrogen‐bonding networks repair the cracks and ensure the integrity of the electrode while numerous polar groups such as CO and ‐NH2 suppress the shuttle effect by immobilizing polysulfides. Therefore, Li‐S batteries with the PVP‐PEI binder exhibit excellent cycling stability (a capacity decay rate of 0.0718% per cycle at 1 C after 450 cycles), an outstanding areal capacity of 7.67 mAh cm−2 even under a high sulfur loading (7.1 mg cm−2) and relatively lean electrolyte conditions (E/S ratio = 8 µL mg−1). Flexible Li‐S pouch cells using the PVP‐PEI binder show a stable performance for 140 cycles and a favorable capacity retention of over 95% after 2800 bending cycles, confirming its application potential in high‐performance flexible Li‐S batteries.
First‐Principles Calculation Design for 2D Perovskite to Suppress Ion Migration for High‐Performance X‐ray Detection
Authors: Zhang Bobo , Xu Zhuo , Ma Chuang , Li Haojin , Liu Yucheng , Gao Lili , Zhang Jing , You Jiaxue , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: December 2021

Ion migration is a key root‐cause of photocurrent instability in perovskite X‐ray detectors. Although 2D perovskite single crystal (PSC) is a good candidate to suppress ion migration compared with its 3D counterpart, its intrinsic stability still needs to be improved. In this work, it is first envisioned to conquer the ion migration by enhanced chemical bonding; the proposal is further confirmed by density functional theory calculations, in which the bonds are made stronger by introducing a fluorine atom into the ortho position of phenethylamine (o‐F‐PEA) to shorten the distance between adjacent organic cations in the crystal lattice for enhanced electrostatic interactions between the F atom and the neighboring benzene ring. It is further demonstrated experimentally that the activation energy for ion migration (AEIM) of (o‐F‐PEA)2PbI4 PSC is increased compared with that of (PEA)2PbI4 PSC. The improved AEIM is also confirmed by enhanced thermal stability. Consequently, the dark current in the (o‐F‐PEA)2PbI4 2D PSC X‐ray detectors is reduced by two times compared with the (PEA)2PbI4 reference. Furthermore, the detector shows the sensitivity of 1724.5 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 at 1250 V mm−1, and much improved photocurrent stability.
Machine Learning Guided Dopant Selection for Metal Oxide‐Based Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: The Case Study of Fe2O3and CuO
Authors: Wang Zhiliang , Gu Yuang , Zheng Lingxia , Hou Jingwei , Zheng Huajun , Sun Shijing , Wang Lianzhou
Published: December 2021

Doping is an effective strategy for tuning metal oxide‐based semiconductors for solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Despite decades of extensive research effort, the dopant selection is still largely dependent on a trial‐and‐error approach. Machine learning (ML) is promising in providing predictable insights on the dopant selection for high‐performing PEC systems because it can uncover correlations from the seemingly ambiguous linkages between vast features of dopants and the PEC performance of doped photoelectrodes. Herein, the authors successfully build ML model to predict the doping effect of 17 metal dopants into hematite (Fe2O3), a prototype photoelectrode material. Their findings disclose the critical parameters from the 10 intrinsic features of each dopant. The model is further experimentally validated by the coherent prediction on Y and La dopants’ behaviors. Further interpretation of the ML model suggests that the chemical state is the most significant selection criteria, meanwhile, dopants with higher metal–oxygen bond formation enthalpy and larger ionic radius are favored in improving the charge separation and transfer (CST) in the Fe2O3photoanodes. The generic feature of this ML guided selection criteria has been further extended to CuO‐based photoelectrodes showing improved CST by alkaline metal ions doping.
Rapid Identification of DNA Fragments through Direct Sequencing with Electro‐Optical Zero‐Mode Waveguides
Authors: Farhangdoust Fatemeh , Alibakshi Mohammad Amin , Cheng Feng , Liang Wentao , Liu Yongmin , Wanunu Meni
Published: December 2021

In contrast to sequence‐specific techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing does not require prior knowledge of the sample for surveying DNA. However, current sequencing technologies demand high inputs for a suitable library preparation, which typically necessitates DNA amplification, even for single‐molecule sequencing methods. Here, electro‐optical zero‐mode waveguides (eZMWs) are presented, which can load DNA into the confinement of zero‐mode waveguides with high efficiency and negligible DNA fragment length bias. Using eZMWs, highly efficient voltage‐induced loading of DNA fragments of various sizes from ultralow inputs (nanogram‐to‐picogram levels) is observed. Rapid DNA fragment identification is demonstrated by burst sequencing of short and long DNA molecules (260 and 20 000 bp) loaded from an equimolar picomolar‐level concentration mixture in just a few minutes. The device allows further studies in which low‐input DNA capture is essential, for example, in epigenetics, where native DNA is required for obtaining modified base information.
Structural Color Production in Melanin‐Based Disordered Colloidal Nanoparticle Assemblies in Spherical Confinement
Authors: Patil Anvay , Heil Christian M. , Vanthournout Bram , Bleuel Markus , Singla Saranshu , Hu Ziying , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Shawkey Matthew D. , Sinha Sunil K. , Jayaraman Arthi , Dhinojwala Ali
Published: December 2021

Melanin is a ubiquitous natural pigment that exhibits broadband absorption and high refractive index. Despite its widespread use in structural color production, how the absorbing material, melanin, affects the generated color is unknown. Using a combined molecular dynamics and finite‐difference time‐domain computational approach, this paper investigates structural color generation in one‐component melanin nanoparticle‐based supraparticles (called supraballs) as well as binary mixtures of melanin and silica (nonabsorbing) nanoparticle‐based supraballs. Experimentally produced one‐component melanin and one‐component silica supraballs, with thoroughly characterized primary particle characteristics using neutron scattering, produce reflectance profiles similar to the computational analogs, confirming that the computational approach correctly simulates both absorption and multiple scattering from the self‐assembled nanoparticles. These combined approaches demonstrate that melanin's broadband absorption increases the primary reflectance peak wavelength, increases saturation, and decreases lightness factor. In addition, the dispersity of nanoparticle size more strongly influences the optical properties of supraballs than packing fraction, as evidenced by the production of a larger range of colors when size dispersity is varied versus packing fraction. For binary melanin and silica supraballs, the chemistry‐based stratification allows for more diverse color generation and finer saturation tuning than does the degree of mixing/demixing between the two chemistries.
Fabrication Strategies and Optoelectronic Applications of Perovskite Heterostructures
Authors: Cheng Xiaohua , Han Ying , Cui Bin‐Bin
Published: December 2021

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are emerging low‐cost and multifunctional semiconductor materials. They have been widely used in optoelectronic devices such as perovskite solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, memristors, and lasers. Developing new MHPs, defects passivation, optimizing device structures, and packaging techniques are all effective methods to improve photoelectric performance and stability of perovskite devices. Particularly, the fabrication of perovskite/perovskite heterostructures (PPHSs) is a novel and arresting method to obtain stable and high‐performing optoelectronic perovskite devices since it can passivate defects, regulate energy gaps, and provide new carrier transmission modes of MHPs for multiple semiconductor applications. In this paper, representative fabrication strategies of PPHSs including films and single‐crystal heterostructures are reviewed, and their applications in optoelectronic devices are summarized. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of PPHSs are discussed based on the current status.
Quantifying Polaron Mole Fractions and Interpreting Spectral Changes in Molecularly Doped Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Moulé Adam J. , Gonel Goktug , Murrey Tucker L. , Ghosh Raja , Saska Jan , Shevchenko Nikolay E. , Denti Ilaria , Fergerson Alice S. , Talbot Rachel M. , Yacoub Nichole L. , Mascal Mark , Salleo Alberto , Spano Frank C.
Published: December 2021

Molecular doping of conjugated polymers causes bleaching of the neutral absorbance and results in new polaron absorbance transitions in the mid and near infrared. Here, the concentration dependent changes in the spectra for a series of molecularly doped diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) co‐polymers with a series of ultra‐high electron affinity cyanotrimethylenecyclopropane‐based dopants is analyzed. With these strong dopants the polaron mole fraction (Θ) reaches saturation. Analysis of the full spectrum enables separation of neutral and polaron signals and quantification of the polaron mole fraction using a simple noninteracting site model. The peak ratios for both neutral and polaron peaks change systematically with increasing polaron mole fraction for all measured polymers. Analysis of the spectral changes indicates that the polaron mole fraction can be quantified to within 5%. While the total change in the absorbance spectrum with increasing polaron mole fraction is linear, the lowest energy polaron peak (P1) grows nonlinearly, which indicates increased polarization/delocalization. Molecular doping of polymers that form either H‐ or J‐aggregates shows systematically different spectral changes in the vibronic peak ratios of the neutral spectra and provides insights into the polymer configuration at undoped sites in the film.
Flexible Multiferroic Heterostructure Based on Freestanding Single‐Crystalline BaTiO3 Membranes for Spintronic Devices
Authors: Cheng Yuxin , Li Yaojin , Dong Guohua , Peng Bin , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Ming
Published: December 2021

One of the key concepts in flexible/freestanding spintronics is the effective control of ultra‐thin film magnetism, and at the same time assures that the functional properties will not be compromised when gating methods are applied. Traditionally, strain application is through magnetoelectric effect while using the gate voltage to transfer the strain to the magnetism layer, which can lead the noise in the heterostructure. On the other hand, the knowledge of freestanding magnetism changes largely lacks quantitative analysis. Coupling the freestanding characteristic such as large strain with important magnetic properties can further expand the freestanding spintronics storage area. In this work, the high‐quality freestanding multiferroic heterostructures of SrTiO3(001)/Sr3Al2O6/BaTiO3/Ta/(Co/Pt)5 with different Co thicknesses have been successfully prepared with both pulsed laser deposition and magnetism sputtering processes. The ultra‐flexible freestanding structure shows a strong strain gating effect with bending, that the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) shifts around 440 Oe at room temperature with tensile strain. Upon decreasing the temperature to BaTiO3 phase transition range from T‐phase to O‐phase and O‐phase to R‐phase, respectively, a sharp FMR shift can be observed for both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane measurements. This work suggests that the tunable flexible spintronics are achievable through freestanding mechanisms and shows the promising future of freestanding spintronics.
An Ultrathin Wideband Microwave Metamaterial Absorber Based on Frequency Selective Surface
Authors: Han Xuefeng , Wang Yonghua , Xu Jinkai , Yu Huadong
Published: December 2021

This article introduces a frequency‐selective surface‐based metamaterial absorber with small thickness and large bandwidth. The structure having an overall thickness of only 2 mm is manufactured on an FR4 substrate, and the size of the repeating unit is 10 mm × 10 mm. When electromagnetic waves incident perpendicularly on the absorber, it has an absorption bandwidth of 8.64 GHz (from 9.16 to 17.8 GHz), covering most of the X‐band and Ku‐band. Results show that the lowest absorption rate reaches 91.5% while the highest is 99.85%, and the full width half maxima (FWHM) bandwidth is 10.5 GHz (from 8.8 to19.3 GHz). Thanks to extensive simulations, the structure is optimized. Furthermore, the electromagnetic parameters εeff and μeff images are drawn to illustrate the absorption mechanism, and the current images of the top and bottom layers are drawn to further support absorption mechanism. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the absorption capacity of the structure as electromagnetic waves incident perpendicularly.
Optically Induced Picosecond Lattice Compression in the Dielectric Component of a Strongly Coupled Ferroelectric/Dielectric Superlattice
Authors: Sri Gyan Deepankar , Lee Hyeon Jun , Ahn Youngjun , Carson River B. , Carnis Jerome , Kim Tae Yeon , Unithrattil Sanjith , Lee Jun Young , Chun Sae Hwan , Kim Sunam , Eom Intae , Kim Minseok , Park Sang‐Youn , Kim Kyung Sook , Lee Ho Nyung , Jo Ji Young , Evans Paul G.
Published: December 2021

Above‐bandgap femtosecond optical excitation of a ferroelectric/dielectric BaTiO3/CaTiO3 superlattice leads to structural responses that are a consequence of the screening of the strong electrostatic coupling between the component layers. Time‐resolved X‐ray free‐electron laser diffraction shows that the structural response to optical excitation includes a net lattice expansion of the superlattice consistent with depolarization‐field screening driven by the photoexcited charge carriers. The depolarization‐field‐screening‐driven expansion is separate from a photoacoustic pulse launched from the bottom electrode on which the superlattice is epitaxially grown. The distribution of diffracted intensity of superlattice X‐ray reflections indicates that the depolarization‐field‐screening‐induced strain includes a photoinduced expansion in the ferroelectric BaTiO3 and a contraction in CaTiO3. The magnitude of expansion in BaTiO3 layers is larger than the contraction in CaTiO3. The difference in the magnitude of depolarization‐field‐screening‐driven strain in the BaTiO3 and CaTiO3 components can arise from the contribution of the oxygen octahedral rotation patterns at the BaTiO3/CaTiO3 interfaces to the polarization of CaTiO3. The depolarization‐field‐screening‐driven polarization reduction in the CaTiO3 layers points to a new direction for the manipulation of polarization in the component layers of a strongly coupled ferroelectric/dielectric superlattice.
Craniosynostosis is a feature of Costello syndrome
Authors: Weaver K. Nicole , Care Marguerite , Wakefield Emily , Zarate Yuri A. , Skoch Jesse , Gripp Karen W. , Prada Carlos E.
Published: December 2021

Costello syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants in HRAS. Craniosynostosis is a known feature of other RASopathies (Noonan and cardiofaciocutaneous syndromes) but not CS. We describe four individuals with CS and craniosynostosis and present a summary of all previously reported individuals with craniosynostosis and RASopathy.
Micro/Nanofluidic‐Enabled Biomedical Devices: Integration of Structural Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Yin Mengtian , Alexander Kim Zachary , Xu Baoxing
Published: December 2021

Micro/nanofluidic devices and systems have attracted ever‐growing attention in healthcare applications over the past decades due to low‐cost yet easy‐customizable functions with the demand of only a small volume of sample fluid. The continuous development, in particular, supported by the emergence of new materials, capable of meeting critical needs in next‐generation, wearable, and multifunctional biomedical devices for at‐home, personalized healthcare monitoring, is challenging the principles and strategies of structural design, manufacturing, and their seamless integration. This review summarizes the progress in micro/nanofluidic‐enabled biomedical devices with a focus on structural design, manufacturing, and applications in healthcare. Structures of fluidic channels and liquid actuation strength are given to elucidate the manipulations and controls of fluid transports that help capture desirable information of interest, including component separation, extraction, measurements, and disease diagnoses. Manufacturing processes of fluidic devices in micro‐ and nanoscales and their basic working principles are also presented, ranging from lithography in traditional hard materials to 3D printing in emerging soft materials. The selected examples and demonstrations are illustrated to highlight applications of biomedical fluidic devices in a broad variety of disease detection and diagnosis. The associated challenges and future opportunities are discussed.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, theoretical and biological evaluation of novel Schiff base complexes of divalent transition metals
Authors: Singh Kiran , Siwach Preeti
Published: December 2021

In the present manuscript, a new series of triazole‐based Schiff base, (E)‐4‐((3‐fluoro‐4‐methoxybenzylidene)amino)‐5‐propyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol (FMBT) and its metal complexes with divalent cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and palladium are prepared and investigated for biological activities. The structural assignments of all the synthesized ligand and its metal complexes were done using different spectral methods like mass, infrared (IR), 1H‐NMR, elemental analysis, electron spin resonance (ESR) and ultraviolet (UV)–visible. The magnetic properties, fluorescence profile and redox (cyclic voltammetry) behaviour of all the complexes were also investigated. Based on the spectral studies, the octahedral (Co[II], Ni[II] and Zn[II]) and square planar (Cu[II] and Pd[II]) structural environment have been proposed to the metal complexes. The results obtained from thermal and IR data confirmed the presence of coordinated water in metal complexes. The conductance measurements confirmed the non‐electrolytic nature of metal complexes. Density functional theory (DFT)‐based methods were used to ascertain the stability and chemical inertness of the compounds. Various electrostatic properties were also investigated by utilising the value of energy associated with different frontier molecular orbitals. The decomposition behaviour and stability of all the metal complexes was established from different thermodynamical functions calculated using Coats–Redfern method. The bio‐efficacy of bidentate ligand and its complexes was evaluated against a wide spectrum of microbial cultures using Broths dilution method. Among the novel metal complexes Ni (1:2) (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 62.5 μg ml−1), Cu (1:1) (MIC = 62.5 μg ml−1) and Zn (1:2) (MIC = 12.5 μg ml−1) complexes were found to be more potent against Escherichia coli than the standard drugs.
Production of 11R‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid from arachidonic acid by Escherichia coli cells expressing arachidonate 11R‐lipoxygenase from Nostoc sp.
Authors: Kim Su‐Eun , Kim Tae‐Hun , Kim Min‐Ju , Oh Deok‐Kun
Published: December 2021

Linoleate 9R‐lipoxygenase (9R‐LOX) from Nostoc sp. SAG 25.82 was identified as arachidonate (ARA) 11R‐LOX by the determination of the product obtained from the conversion of ARA. The specific activity and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the enzyme for C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids followed the order ARA > eicosapentaenoic acid > docosahexaenoic acid. The production of the lipid mediator 11R‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (11R‐HETE) was performed using Escherichia coli cells expressing ARA 11R‐LOX from Nostoc sp. The reaction conditions, such as pH, temperature, solvent and its concentration, and substrate and cell concentrations, were optimized using the recombinant cells, and the optimal conditions for the production of 11R‐HETE from ARA were pH 7.0, 25°C, 10 g L−1 cells, 5.0 mM ARA, 4% (v/v) ethanol, and 10 mM cysteine as a reducing agent. Under these optimized conditions, E. coli cells expressing 11R‐LOX converted 5.0 mM ARA into 4.74 mM 11R‐HETE in 60 min, with a molar conversion yield of 95% a volumetric productivity of 79 μM min−1 and a specific productivity of 7.9 μM min−1 g−1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the quantitative biotechnological production of 11R‐HETE.
A comparative study of the oxidation of dopamine in deep eutectic solvents: A potential approach to synthesis polydopamine particles with various shapes, sizes, and compositions
Authors: Shiraz Mina Ghasempour , Absalan Ghodratollah , Tashkhourian Javad
Published: December 2021

In a comparative study, polymerization of dopamine in choline chloride/ethylene glycol (ChCl/EG) as well as ZnCl2/ethylene glycol (ZnCl2/EG), as the deep eutectic solvents (DESs), has been individually studied. To do this, copper sulfate (CS), ammonium peroxydisulfate (AP), and sodium periodate (SP), as the individual oxidants, were also investigated. It is demonstrated that DESs have the potential of being utilized in the preparation of stable suspensions of polydopamine (PDA) particles with various shapes including porous capsules, spongy, and flower‐like structures. It is also shown that the morphology and composition of the produced PDA particles were strongly affected by the chosen DES, the oxidant, and the polymerization time, which can allow a one‐pot synthesis and modification procedure for producing PDA with desired functionality.
Isobavachalcone suppresses the TRIF‐dependent signaling pathway of Toll‐like receptors
Authors: Shin Seokwon , Park Jayeon , Lee Ye Eun , Ko Hanbin , Youn Hyung‐Sun
Published: December 2021

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are integral membrane‐bound receptors that are central to innate and adaptive immune responses. They are known to activate a cascade of downstream signals to induce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and type I interferons. Dysregulated activation of TLR signaling pathways can induce the activation of various transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). TLRs act via MyD88‐ and TRIF‐mediated pathways to induce inflammatory responses. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of isobavachalcone (IBC), a natural chalcone component of Angelica keiskei, we examined its effects on signal transduction via TLR signaling pathways. IBC inhibited the activation of NF‐κB and IRF3 induced by TLR agonists and their target genes. IBC also inhibited the activation of NF‐κB and IRF3 induced by overexpression of downstream signaling components of TLR signaling pathways. These results suggest that IBC can regulate both MyD88‐ and TRIF‐dependent signaling pathways of TLRs, resulting in a dramatic increase of new therapeutic options for various inflammatory diseases involving TLRs.
Lifting Triplet Energy and Bipolar Characteristics by Limiting the Rotation of the Peripheral Groups in Host Materials to Achieve High‐Efficiency Blue OLED
Authors: Liang Xiaozhong , Liu Zemei , Xia Yan , Li Da , Li Jie , Wang Hua , Zhang Zheng , Wang Sijing , Zhao Bo , Li Zhijun , Xing Yifan , Guo Kunpeng
Published: December 2021

Bipolar host materials with high triplet energy are of great significance for highly efficient blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, three donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) type host materials with identical non‐rigid diphenylsulfone center but differing in rotation degree of peripheral amino substituted derivatives from rotating freely diphenylamine (SODP) to rotating partially iminodibenzyl (SOId) and rotating restricted carbazole (SOCz) were designed and synthesized. It was demonstrated that the triplet energy (ET) level of the materials promoted by limiting the rotation degree of the peripheral groups, which was 2.72 eV for SODP, 2.73 eV for SOId and 2.78 eV for SOCz, respectively. Besides, the results of the single‐carrier devices indicate SOCz possess better bipolar characteristic. Using FIrpic as guest emitter, the blue OLED with SOCz as host material exhibited superior device performance with a low turn‐on voltage of 3.3 V, a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 30.1 cd A−1, a maximum power efficiency (PE) of 32.2 lm W−1, and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.0%. This work provides a beneficial guideline for realizing promising host materials in efficient blue OLEDs.
Development of a recombinant nucleocapsid protein‐based ELISA for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ranjbar Maryam , Asadi Marzieh , Nourigorji Marjan , Sarkari Bahador , Mostafavi‐Pour Zohreh , Zomorodian Kamiar , Shabaninejad Zahra , Taheri‐Anganeh Mortaza , Maleksabet Amir , Moghadami Mohsen , Savardashtaki Amir
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global concern for public health. Thus, early and accurate diagnosis is a critical step in management of this infectious disease. Currently, RT‐PCR is routine diagnosis test for COVID‐19, but it has some limitations and false negative results. enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens seems to be an appropriate approach for serodiagnosis of COVID‐19. In the current study, an ELISA system, using a recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein, was developed for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. The related protein was expressed, purified, and used in an ELISA system. Sera samples (67) for COVID‐19 patients, as well as sera samples from healthy volunteers (112), along with sera samples from non‐COVID‐19 patients were examined by the ELISA system. The expression and purity of the recombinant N protein were approved by SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting. The sensitivity of ELISA system was 91.04 and 92.53% for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Moreover, the specificity of the developed ELISA system for IgG and IgM were 98.21 and 97.32%, respectively. Our developed ELISA system showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for the detection of antiSARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG antibodies and could be used as a complementary approach for proper diagnosis of COVID‐19.
Evaluation of shoe inserts to reduce toe walking in young children with autism
Authors: Wilder David A. , Ingram Grant , Hodges Ansley C.
Published: December 2021

Toe walking is relatively common among children with autism spectrum disorder and, if untreated, can contribute to a number of medical problems. Previous research has suggested that toe walking may vary by walking surface. Some (e.g., rough) surfaces may inhibit toe walking, whereas other surfaces may encourage it. In the current study, we first conducted a functional analysis screening to verify that toe walking exhibited by two young children with autism was maintained by automatic reinforcement. Next, we assessed toe walking on a variety of surfaces, including tile, artificial grass, and grip tape. Finally, we placed inserts of the surface associated with the lowest level of toe walking into each participant's shoes. The inserts were effective to nearly eliminate toe walking by one participant and reduce toe walking to low levels for the second participant. To decrease the second participant's toe walking further, we added a hand‐on‐shoulder procedure, which was also effective. We discuss the results in terms of the putative mechanisms responsible for the reduction.
Quercus salicina Blume: Research Progress in Chemistry and Pharmacodynamics (1959–2021)
Authors: Wang Guangyue , Yin Shuanghui , Ding Yuling , Lin Zhe , Li Yong
Published: December 2021

The crude extracts of different parts (leaves and shoots) of Quercus salicina Blume (QS) have shown considerable effect in urolithiasis. QS has been widely used in clinical practice and has attracted great research interest The relevant published literature, however, reveals only partial education of its chemical components and bio‐active mechanisms, and only two review articles have summarized the QS research progress. In this review, a comprehensive and systematic review of chemistry and pharmacodynamics of QS was carried out using the international authoritative databases (1959–2021), focusing on phenols and flavonoids, and their effect such as urinary stone dissolution, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetes, anti‐bacterial, antioxidant, and anti‐allergy activities as well as toxic effects. The aim of review is to provide the most recent and effective literature support for further basic research and application development.
Potassium as a Versatile Promoter to Tailor the Distribution of the Olefins in CO2 Hydrogenation over Iron‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Wang Shunwu , Ji Yushan , Liu Xuancheng , Yan Shirun , Xie Songhai , Pei Yan , Li Hexing , Qiao Minghua , Zong Baoning
Published: December 2021

The effect of K on the distribution and productivity of the olefins in CO2 hydrogenation over the single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) supported Fe catalysts was systematically investigated. The promotion of K not only effectively suppressed the formation of the undesired light paraffins (CH4 and C20−C40), but also significantly affected the distribution and the productivity of the olefins. The highest selectivity and productivity of light olefins (C2=−C4=) of 27 % and 16 μmolCO2 gFe−1 s−1, respectively, were obtained at 7 wt% of K, while the highest selectivity and productivity of heavy olefins (C5+=) of 40 % and 27 μmolCO2 gFe−1 s−1, respectively, were obtained at 3 wt% of K under the same reaction conditions. At 3 wt% of K and above, the overall selectivity to the olefins (inclusive of light olefins and heavy olefins) remained at as high as ca. 60 % at high CO2 conversion of ca. 50 %. Comprehensive characterizations revealed that the K promoter enhanced the basicity of the catalyst, which facilitates the formation of χ‐Fe5C2, the key active phase for CO2 hydrogenation. A good linear relationship is established between the surface basicity and the content of χ‐Fe5C2. Moreover, the K promoter weakened the adsorption of the olefins, which inhibited the secondary hydrogenation of the olefins, thus improving the selectivity to the olefins. This work demonstrates that K is a highly promising promoter for the tailoring of the types of the olefinic products in CO2 hydrogenation.