bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional Interviewing in Intraprofessional Athletic Training Student Pairs: A Multi-Institutional Educational Technique
Authors: Krug Rachel Johnson , Judge Karla S. , Moffit Dani M. , Schroeder Kevin M.
Published: October 2023

Context

The Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education 2020 Standards for Professional Programs highlight the need to further incorporate interprofessional education components into the curricula for athletic training programs. Interprofessional education can be a challenging component to integrate into the curriculum on an ongoing and routine basis, especially when access, quantity, and quality of interprofessional education resources are limited at individual universities.

Objective

To promote professional socialization between athletic training students of different universities while also promoting teamwork and collaboration values and skills through the use of shared interprofessional resources.

Background

This educational technique was developed as a means to address the lack of access to interprofessional resources faced by 3 professional athletic training programs in order to help meet compliance with 2020 Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education standards 8, 57, and 79.

Description

Athletic training students from 3 professional athletic training programs were paired with one athletic training student from another institution to research a nonorthopaedic, general medical condition. They were assigned a 3-part project: (1) review the existing literature for peer-reviewed articles on their assigned pathology, (2) interview a non–athletic trainer health care provider who has worked with the pathology, and (3) create an education infographic of the information to use as an educational tool for patients. The project helped to promote collaborative and team-based skills critical to interprofessional and intraprofessional success as a health care provider.

Clinical Advantage(s)

Students learned with, from, and about how non–athletic trainer health care professionals manage their assigned nonorthopaedic, general medical pathologies in clinical practice.

Conclusion(s)

This collaborative project allowed athletic training students to develop intraprofessional and interprofessional skills by working with both athletic training students and non–athletic training health care professionals. Informative feedback on how the students perceived their interactions was received at the conclusion of the assignments.
Role of fetal hemoglobin in the development and progression of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants
Authors: Prasad Nishi , Dubey Aditi , Kumar Kavita , Shrivastava Jyotsna
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

The objective of this study was to find the association between fetal hemoglobin (HbF) concentration and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants.

Methods:

In this observational, prospective, longitudinal study, a total of 410 preterm infants with <36 gestational weeks and <2.5 kg birth weight, who were attending ROP clinic in a tertiary care hospital of central India for 1 year duration were included. Dilated fundus examination was done as per ROP screening guidelines, and ROP was staged as per international classification for retinopathy of prematurity (ICROP) classification, 2021. HbF (%) was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography, and data was analyzed statistically. The relationship between HbF (%) and ROP was evaluated. Those infants who had ROP were further divided into treatment-requiring and non–treatment-requiring groups and HbF was compared in these groups at the first visit and after 1-month follow-up period. The outcome of ROP was studied with HbF levels.

Results:

A total of 410 preterm infants were included, out of which 110 infants had ROP (26.8%). Infants with ROP had significantly lower percentage of HbF with gestational age groups and birth weight groups, compared to infants without ROP. Higher percentage of HbF was associated with a lower prevalence of ROP. Higher concentration of HbF was found in the ROP infants who regressed spontaneously without treatment and less concentration was found in those who progressed to a severe disease and those who required treatment. The predictive ability of HbF (%) was 0.976 for ROP.

Conclusion:

Low fraction of HbF was found to be significantly associated with the development and progression of ROP.
Evaluation and comparison of sonographic difficult airway assessment parameters with clinical airway predictors
Authors: Anushaprasath U , Kumar Mritunjay , Kamal Manoj , Bhatia Pradeep , Kaloria Narendra , Paliwal Bharat , Gupta Sunit Kumar , Mohammed Sadik , Sharma Ankur
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims:

None of the clinical difficult airway predictors are 100% sensitive and specific. Ultrasound is being used for airway assessment, but there is still no established parameters or model to predict difficult laryngoscopy. This observational study was planned to determine the predictive ability of clinical and sonography-based airway assessment parameters for difficult laryngoscopy and intubation.

Material and Methods:

A total of 130 patients of 18–60 years of age undergoing elective intubation were included. The distribution of Cormack–Lehane (CL) grade and intubation difficulty scale (IDS) was correlated with the clinical and sonographic screening parameters for difficult airways.

Results:

The prevalence of difficult laryngoscopy and difficult intubation in our study was 17.6% and 11.5%, respectively. Mallampati grade (MMG), upper lip bite test (ULBT), neck circumference, hyomental distance ratio (HMDR), tongue thickness (TT), skin to epiglottis/epiglottis to vocal cord distance (SED/E-VC), and mandibular condylar mobility (MCM) had significant association with the difficult laryngoscopy and MMG, neck circumference, SED, SED/E-VC; MCM had significant association with the difficult intubation. The combination of these predictors showed better diagnostic ability for difficult airways. Model 1 based on ultrasound parameters showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.848 (CI- 0.748-0.947, P value < 0.0001) and model 2 based on combined clinical and ultrasound parameters showed an AUC of 0.755 (95% CI- 0.631-0.879, P value < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Ultrasound-based airway predictors can help in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation along with the clinical parameters. Individual sonographic predictors have moderately satisfactory diagnostic profiles. The models based on combined tests have better diagnostic value.
Peters anomaly: An overview
Authors: Khasnavis Arpita , Fernandes Merle
Published: October 2023

Peters anomaly (PA) is a rare, often bilateral, congenital corneal opacity, usually with a sporadic inheritance pattern, characterized by corneal opacities and irido-corneal or lenticular-corneal adhesions with a defect in the Descemet’s membrane, occurring due to anterior segment dysgenesis during fetal development. Due to other ocular and systemic comorbidities, a team comprising pediatric cornea, glaucoma, and strabismus specialists in addition to a pediatrician and geneticist is necessary for the appropriate management of these children. Since the outcome of pediatric penetrating keratoplasty is variable and has a higher chance of failure when accompanied by additional procedures, such as lensectomy and vitrectomy, minimally invasive alternatives are increasingly being offered to these patients. Of note is the recently reported novel procedure: selective endothelialectomy for PA, which avoids the need for a corneal transplant and results in gradual clearing of the corneal opacity over time. In this overview, we aimed to describe the etiology, classification, pathophysiology, histopathology, clinical features, and management of PA.
Trend for hypospadias repair among surgeons in Saudi Arabia: Insights and recommendations
Authors: Ahmed Ehab Mahmoud
Published: October 2023

Background:

Currently, there are many techniques available for repairing hypospadias in urogenital reconstructive surgery.

Aim:

The purpose of this survey is to determine the preferred age of hypospadias repair patients, as well as the preferred surgical techniques among Saudi urologic and pediatric surgeons.

Materials and Methods:

An E-mail questionnaire was sent to urologic and pediatric surgeons throughout Saudi Arabia.

Results:

Forty-six participants from the Saudi regions returned completed questionnaires. Sixty-five percent of participants preferred age to do surgery on 6–18 months. While, 50% preferred meatal advancement and glanduloplasty techniques for coronal/glandular hypospadias, and 46% participate that tubularized incised plate (TIP). It was found that 86% of the participants admitted to using TIP procedure for subcoronal/distal penile hypospadias, whereas the majority of them (63%) used TIP for midpenile/proximal hypospadias with significant value P < 0.05. Ninety-eight percentage of surgeons stated that they prefer performing the chordee repair simultaneously. As a final note, 91% of participants have been omitted preoperative androgen in their protocols.

Conclusions and Recommendation:

We concluded from the surgeons’ preferences regarding hypospadias repair in this study, that their preferences are highly successful rate and have few complications; however, we highly recommend using this study as a basis for future studies.
Prediction of locally advanced bladder tumor using preoperative clinical parameters
Authors: Warli Syah Mirsya , Prapiska Fauriski Febrian , Siregar Dewi Indah Sari , Wijaya William Saputra
Published: October 2023

Background:

Staging of bladder cancer (BC) still remains a challenge. In conjunction with imaging, there is a critical need for accessible and cost-effective predictors to evaluate the existence of locally advanced disease.

Objective:

Our aim was to determine the role of preoperative clinical parameters in predicting locally advanced cT3/4 and/or cN+ in BC.

Materials and Methods:

Single-center data consisting of 32 patients were collected prospectively and eligible for the final analysis. The demographics data, presence of hydronephrosis, and results of renal function test (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and serum creatinine [SCr]) were analyzed between the groups. Analysis of the receiver-operating characteristics curve was performed to determine the optimal cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity of the preoperative clinical parameters, whereas multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the predictive analysis.

Results:

According to preoperative computed tomography imaging, 17 (53.1%) out of 32 patients with BC had locally advanced disease. Preoperative hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency as indicated by BUN and SCr levels were independently associated with the presence of locally advanced disease (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the presence of preoperative hydronephrosis and higher level of BUN and SCr were the independent predictors of locally advanced BC (Odds ratio [OR] =6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40–31.05; P = 0.017; OR = 6.6; 95% CI: 1.40–31.05; P = 0.017; OR = 18.67; 95% CI: 3.16–110.29; P = 0.001, respectively). No further variables were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Preoperative assessment of hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency was able to predict locally advanced stage risk of BC cT3/4 and/or cN+; thus, preoperative staging might be improved. However, further studies are required to corroborate these findings.
Human Computer Interaction Applications in Healthcare: An Integrative Review
Authors: Mishra Ritunsa , Satpathy Rabinarayan , Pati Bibudhendu
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Human computer interaction (HCI) interprets the design model and the uses of computer technology which focuses on the interface between the user and the computer. HCI is a very important factor in the design of software-oriented decision-making ideas in health-care organizations and also it assists in accurate detection of image, disease including safety of the patients.
OBJECTIVES: There are some pitfalls arises over some previous works on cloud based HCI applications. For that reason, to masafety, patient’s safety we wanted to work on explainable artificial intelligence (x-AI) and human intelligence in conjunction with HCI in various fields and algorithms to pro-vide transparency to the user. This may also use some web-based technologies and digital platforms with HCI for development of quality, safety and usability of the patients.
METHODS: The purpose of this study about the communication between the HCI design and healthcare system through client and apply that method to the information system of Healthcare department to analyse the functions, effects and outcomes.
RESULTS: The integration of explainable artificial intelligence (x-AI) and human intelligence with Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) demonstrated promising potential in enhancing patient safety and optimizing healthcare processes.    
CONCLUSION: By leveraging web-based technologies and digital platforms, this study established a framework for improving the quality, safety, and usability of healthcare services through effective communication between HCI design and healthcare systems.
Numerical Analysis and Modelling of the Effectiveness of Micro Wind
Turbines Installed in an Electric Vehicle as a Range Extender
Authors: Ebaid Munzer , Shahin Zin Al Abdin A. E. , Alshawabkeh Mohammad M. D.
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has grown rapidly, as well
as public interest in them. However, the lack of sufficient range is one of the
most common complaints about these vehicles, which is particularly problematic
for people with long daily commutes. Thus, this article proposed a solution to
this problem by installing micro wind turbines (MWTs) on EVs as a range
extender. The turbines will generate electricity by converting the kinetic
energy of the air flowing through the MWT into mechanical energy, which can have
a reasonable effect on the vehicle aerodynamics. The article uses mathematical
modelling and numerical analysis. Regarding the modelling, a detailed EV model
in MATLAB/SIMULINK was developed to analyze the EV performance using various
driving cycles in real time. In terms of numerical analysis, a detailed
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been implemented on a sample EV
(Kia Soul) and an MWT using the Moving Reference Frame (MRF) method to act as a
virtual wind tunnel in order to investigate the aerodynamic performance. The
optimum location for the turbines to be installed has been identified on the
front bumper of the car. The MWT has been designed from scratch using Qblade and
Xfoil solvers by testing many foil sections and blade parameters to find the
best design for the vehicle speed range. After using the designed turbine
numerical results and implementing them into the EV model in MATLAB/SIMULINK,
the results become more accurate. The vehicle efficiency increased by 13.1% at
the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) highway driving cycle with five MWTs installed
in the front bumper of the car, and its range increased by 24 km on a full
charge; however, three MWTs have been studied in the CFD analysis to investigate
the effect of the system on the vehicle drag coefficient, which is considered as
the main trade-off of the proposed work. The analytical and numerical errors,
points of strength, and weaknesses in each method and model have been determined
to verify the entire work.
Perception and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination among Nurses Working in Selected Primary Healthcare Facilities in Ethiope East Local Government Area, Delta State
Authors: Mukoro U. Jemima , Esievo Njideka Judith , Egbe Cordelia Happiness
Published: October 2023

Background: Knowing that social distancing and quarantine slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus and flatten the epidemic curve; it may  not be sufficient to completely halt the spread of COVID-19, herd immunity gained by infection or vaccination will need to be well  established within the population. However, the availability of COVID-19 vaccines may not translate into its uptake.

Aim: Thus, the  researcher explored the perception and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among 200 Nurses working in selected primary healthcare  facilities in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State.

Method: Purposeful sampling was used to access 200 Nurses, the data  was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire and analysed electronically with a descriptive statistics package on SPSS version 25.0.   

Results: Findings revealed that the majority (60% ) of nurses have a good perception towards COVID-19 vaccination and that a large  majority (62%) will readily accept the uptake. Factors influencing the uptake include; the safety of a vaccine developed in an emergency,  during an epidemic cannot be considered guaranteed, trust in the Ministry of Health and National to ensure that vaccines are safe, trust  in science to develop safe effective new vaccines, trust in the authorities in the fight against COVID-19, the perception of not to be at  considerable risk of developing complications and having had the COVID-19 disease.

Conclusion: Findings revealed that the majority of  nurses have a good perception towards COVID-19 vaccination while only a few had a poor perception, while one-third of the participants  would reject COVID-19 vaccination, two third would readily accept the uptake.
Community Health Needs Assessment on Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake among Women of Reproductive Age in Ijero Local Government Area of Ekiti State
Authors: Olatade Maitanmi Julius , Omolara Kio Janet , Titilope Maitanmi Bukola , Oluwafemi Ogungbesan Joshua , Zimako Kosi , Abiodun-Ojo Olubukola Esther , Atekoja Oluwabusolami Esther
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer contributing to high mortality and morbidity all over the world. However, early diagnosis with screening has been linked with good prognosis but different factors have been implicated in the  poor uptake. Hence, a community health needs assessment about cervical cancer screening uptake among women of reproductive age in  Ijero Local Government Area (LGA) of Ekiti State Nigeria was carried out.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used using a purposive sampling technique to administer a self-structured  questionnaire to 132 respondents at the Ijero Local Government Council Secretariat, Ijero-Ekiti. Data were analysed using SPSS version  23. Results were presented in tables and figures.

Results: The majority (85.5%) of the respondents were Christians. 72.5% were married.  The vast majority (98.1) have heard about cervical cancer screening before but only 12.6% of the respondents had good knowledge about  it. The utilization rate was found to be low (26.1%). Not knowing the test location (69.4%), finance (82.9%), lack of proximity  (91.9%), not considering self as at risk (81.2%), and not having complaints about the cervix (90.9) were the main factors influence the  utilization of the screening process.

Conclusion: Knowledge and the utilization of women of reproductive age in Ijero LGA of Ekiti State is  still poor. Healthcare workers and the government of the Ekiti State should ensure that the women of reproductive age are well equipped  with the needed knowledge in order to make informed choices about their health.
Survey of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinic in two Selected Health Centers in Lugbe, AMAC, FCT, Abuja
Authors: Okoroiwu G.I.A. , Ubosi N.I. , Onoja H.
Published: October 2023

Background: Hepatitis B Virus is a small, double-stranded DNA, and perinatal transmission from mother to infant at birth is highly  efficient as many as 90% of infants. This was aimed at investigating the Knowledge and Status of Hepatitis B among pregnant women  attending antenatal care in two selected health centres in Lugbe, Abuja.

Method: A total of 220 pregnant women ranging from 15- 45+  years were randomly selected and assessed on demographic characteristics, HBV, knowledge and prevention of HBV infection using a  well-structured self-administered questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0.

Result: The result revealed  that more than half (70.0%) of the respondents have not suffered the infection, while 26.8% have. More than three-quarters (85.0%) of the  participants had only a single sexual partner, and 1.4% had more than three sexual partners. The majority (58.6%) identified HBV as  the cause of hepatitis. Nevertheless, the majority were not knowledgeable about the risk factors of hepatitis, as more than half of them,  believed that avoiding multiple sexual partners, sharing sharp objects, blood transfusion and vaccination do not prevent the contraction  of the infection. There is a significant relationship between the participant's marital status, educational level and hepatitis  status(p=0.044).

Conclusion: The status of Hepatitis B virus infection was higher (26.8%) than what has been reported, and can be  attributed to a low level of knowledge among the respondents on the causes of the infection. An aggressive campaign to increase  knowledge and create more awareness among the respondents in the area should be mounted.
Effects of Academic Coaching on Nursing Students` Academic Stress at Nursing Schools in Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Lawali Yakubu , Garko Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2023

Background: When students are unable to manage their stress, it becomes dangerous and may impair their performance. The literature suggests coaching to improve student achievement.

Aim: This study aimed to determine how academic coaching impacted academic stress in nursing students in northwest Nigeria.    

Method: The study was quantitative, quasi-experimental with a pre-post-test data collection. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used  to select 128 students out of the 190 target population. Four clinical instructors provided coaching packages to the study group. The Scale  for Assessing Academic Stress was used to gather information both before and two months after coaching. Coaching was delivered  for six (6) weeks. Descriptive and Chi-square analysis was conducted.

Results: The study found that the prevalence of stress  before coaching intervention was 87.5% in the study group and 85.9% in the control group. The study group experienced mild (33.93%),  moderate (58.93%), and severe (7.14%) stress, while the control group experienced mild (38.18%), moderate (56.36%), and severe (5.17%).  However, after the coaching intervention, the prevalence of stress in the study and control groups was 14.1% and 84.38%,  respectively. The study group experienced mild (5.56) and moderate (44.44%) stress, while the control group experienced mild (35.19%), moderate (59.25%), and severe (5.56%) stress.

Conclusion: The study concluded that a coaching program is an essential tool for reducing  students' academic stress.
Gap Analysis of Factors Affecting Tendering Phase of PPP Projects in Nigeria
Authors: Dandago A.A. , Adogbo K.J. , Ahmadu H.A. , Danjuma J.Z.
Published: October 2023

Tendering phase as a key factor for PPP projects is complicated and has some major problems including lengthy negotiation time and  high cost. The CSFs identified at other stages do not address these issues of the tendering stage. In order to ensure the success  tendering stages of PPP projects in the construction industry, this paper conducted a gap analysis of the importance level of CSFs for the  tendering stages of PPP projects in Nigeria. Using a survey design, the participation, level of knowledge, and experience of professionals  involved in the tendering stages of PPP projects, as well as the expected and observed significance of CSFs, were evaluated. To sample  professionals' opinions in the study area, a closed-ended questionnaire was used. Quadrant and gap analyses were used to analyse the  collected data. The research reveals a high level of expected importance for CSFs in the bidding stages of PPP projects but a lower level of observed importance. In addition, the study provided recommendations for bridging the sustainability gap between tendering stages  and PPP initiatives in general. This paper reaches the conclusion that there is a disparity between the expected and observed importance CSFs in the tendering stages of PPP projects and discusses the CSFs that required attention but did not receive it. These CSFs, if observed  as expected during the tendering phases of PPP projects, will improve the private-public relations of PPP stakeholders and the probity of  the processes.
Effects of Population Increase on Peri-Urban Land Growth in Asa Local Government Area, Kwara State
Authors: Morenikeji G.B. , Idowu O.O. , Adeleye B.M. , Bankole O.R. , Anjide T.W.
Published: October 2023

The rapid growth of world population and its agglomeration in cities and towns around the world is affecting the longterm outlook for humanity, in such that the process of urban growth and the effect at the peri-urban areas are universal, occurring all over the world. This  study aimed at assessing the effects of population increase on the growth of periurban land in Asa local government area, Kwara State.  Secondary data, via satellite imageries covering 2000, 2010 and 2021 were mainly used in analyzing the changes that occurred within  twenty years. Remote sensing and GIS approaches to satellite imagery processing were adopted using ILWIS and ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2  software to subset the imageries, as well used for classification resampling. The result on built-up area reveals a consistence increase of over 80% between 2000 and 2021. The vegetation cover suffered a serious loss of vegetal land to the tune over 100 hectares due to  various degree of development and expansion of the town. The water body also affected with loss in space covered with 80 hectares  within the period under study. With a tremendous population increase, the study indicates a high demand for land and vegetal resources,  which in turns possess a serious threat to food production. The study concludes that population increase remains the most  significant determinant of peri-urban changes with a resultant effect on the wellbeing of peri-urban residents and rural dwellers. It  therefore, recommends the adoption and application of strategic physical planning approach in the development of the peri-urban areas.
Assessment of Airport Service Quality at Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport (Makia) Kano
Authors: Ohida M.E. , Ajiboye A.O. , Isah J.A. , Abubakar I.D. , Garba H.A. , Baba Y.N.
Published: October 2023

Airports are a hub for aviation activities which support Airlines operations. Airport service quality measurement is required to promote satisfaction level among Air travellers by continuously improving the defected services. The study purpose is to assess Airports service  quality at Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport (MAKIA) in Kano. Using purposive sampling, MAKIA was picked out of 31 Airports in  Nigeria. Cochran formulae was used to determine a total of 384 questionnaires which were administered to air travellers boarding and  onboarding passengers at the terminal building. The Airport service quality measurement scale was adapted from SERVPERF model with  22 service attributes believed that air travellers attached more importance to. The study outcome showed that the average Airport service  quality score was 2.701. In addition, the results revealed that there exists a statistically significant relationship between service  quality and air traveller satisfaction on; reliable and updated electronic information system (P-value=0.004), Airport safety and security  services (P-value= 0.000), Prompt service from airline operation (P-value= 0.001) and Provision of assistance to minor (P-value = 0.002).  This study therefore concludes that Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport offered a bad service to air travellers. The study  recommends among others that, Airport staff courtesy should be improved through subjecting their staff to behavioural management  training by the top management. service quality is an area which both Airport management and airlines can increase their revenue  through increasing patronages. Therefore, a decisive measure by the Airport authority to improve the service offered will increase the  service quality rating at Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport.
Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Livelihood Activities of Iwo Inhabitants in Osun State
Authors: Akanbi M.O. , Olalekan H.M. , Korukire N.
Published: October 2023

Recently, the world has been confronted with unprecedented global pandemic which has resulted in many deaths, fears, shocks and  effects on people’s livelihood. In Nigeria, the measures taken to curtail the spread of the Covid-19 during the lockdown affected means of  livelihoods undertaken by people. This study measured the effects of Covid19 pandemic on the livelihood of farmers and business  owners of Iwo inhabitants in Osun State. The study also examined the challenges posed by the pandemic and assessed the effects of  government's strategies implemented for the disease control on the livelihoods of the farmers and business owners. A total number of  200 well-structured questionnaires were administered to the respondents in the study area using snowball sampling technique. The questionnaires were all returned amounting to 100% response rate. Data was analysed using descriptive method with the aid of SPSS.  Findings revealed that Covid-19 negatively affected the lives of people, ranging from suspension of businesses and other daily activities  that requires physical contacts, travel ban effects on business, inflation in price of goods and services, suspension of farming activities,  increased cost of labour and agrochemicals amongst others. It was observed that diversification into other business interest is among  the reasons why some of the respondents survived during the Pandemic. The study recommends that measures taken to curtail the  effects of Covid19 through vaccination be adhered to for prevention of cases that may warrant further shutdown of activities which may  hamper livelihoods engagement.
Forest Security Appraisal of Community Management Interventions Against Threats of Forest Commons at Offinso North District in Ghana
Authors: Adjei Prince Osei-Wusu , Dakurah George Balbagoro , Forkuor David , Adjei Joyce  Osei
Published: October 2023

The paper examines the viability of community forestry and how community participation affects the effectivenessof forest resource security and management. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques with stakeholders’observations and perceptions of managers’ responses to major threats of forest commons were employed in thisstudy. The paper establishes forest security through comparative analysis and discourse of solely governmentmanagement intervention, solely community (private) management intervention and government-communitypartnership for forest management arrangements which are occurring in the Offinso Forest District of Ghana.The paper concludes that, community involvement in forest management interventions delivers better protectionof forest commons; and the extent and autonomy of local community to participate actively in forest resourcemanagement significantly influences resilience against threats of forest commons. Hence, stronger communityparticipation enhances the effectiveness of forest security efforts. Nevertheless, viability of communityparticipation to deliver effective forest resource security is influenced by adequacy of resources in support ofcommunity forestry, empowerment and sense of ownership of communities for forest common management.
Out-Migration of Married Women and Experiences of Left-Behind Husbands in the Nandom Municipality
Authors: Tanle Augustine
Published: October 2023

In Ghana, migration has traditionally been dominated by males leaving women and children behind until thelate 1980s when females begun to migrate independently. Consequently, there is paucity of literature on theexperiences of left-behind husbands whose wives had migrated internally. Using the Nandom Municipality as acase study, 331 left-behind husbands responded to a survey questionnaire while 15 others participated in indepthinterviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive statistics and a binary logisticregression while content analysis based on common themes was employed to analyze the qualitative data thatwere transcribed. The study shows that the left-behind husbands, who were mostly subsistence farmers withprimary or no formal education, approved their wives’ decision to migrate based on economic reasons. In theabsence of their wives, most men experienced challenges in cooking, drawing water, cleaning the home,shopping, sowing/planting, weeding, harvesting and carting of farm produce home or to the market for sale. Inparticular, husbands who were older, had secondary education or had younger children experienced morechallenges in the absence of their wives. As a coping strategy, most of the left-behind husbands relied on supportfrom the extended family members in both household chores and some farming activities. From the findings,there is the need to provide children of both sexes with the same socialization process to curb gender division oflabour in the Nandom Municipality. It is also important to promote female education and skilled training toreduce out-migration of females from the Nandom Municipality.
Assessment of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Recommendations for Perl Millet (Pennisetum Glaucum) Production in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Mansur Abdul , Usman Fatima Jamila , Bello Maryam Ibrahim , Bibot Sule Haruna
Published: October 2023

The deteriorating soil fertility and land deprivation have particularly affected the farms that peasant farmers dependon and therefore, threaten their food security. The research aimed at assessing the fertility status; evaluate thenutrient supply and fertilizer recommendation for millet production. Millet farm was purposively selected withinwhich 1 square kilometre was delineated and 100 grids were formed, therefore 10 grids were systematicallyselected for soil sampling. The soil samples were collected in each grid using composite sampling techniquesand then taken to laboratory for the analyses of some soil fertility parameters. The results were analysed usingdescriptive statistic and, Quantitative Evaluation of Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS Models) was used todetermine the supply of N, P and K. The results shows that the mean values of pH (6.01 ±0.55), EC (0.02 ±0.01),N (0.15 ±0.03), P (13.63 ±0.62) and K (0.19 ±0.09) in the area and they were all ranked as moderate level. Theamount of N, P and K supply to the crop by soil are 7.6%, 42.25 ppm and 6.8 cmol/kg for N, P and K respectively.Based on the nutrient status, Urea (65kg) or 20:10:10, SSP (167kg) or TSP (67kg) and Mop (50kg) wererecommended for pearl millet production; therefore, the cost of the input (fertiliser application) will reduce andincrease in productivity.
Leadership failure and the challenge of insecurity in Nigeria: An appraisal of the Buhari’s Administration (2015 – 2023)
Authors: Adekunle Solomon B. , Alokpa Fidelis Moses
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses the relationship between leadership failure and the challenges of insecurity in Nigeria. The particular focus is on the administration of Muhammadu Buhari, (2015 – 2023). In order to achieve the objective of the paper, the study adopted expos facto research design, hence data for the paper were obtained from secondary sources and discussed through content analysis. Social contract theory was used as a framework to guide the discussion on establishing the nexus between poor leadership and national security. The study discovered among other things that despite the fact that the administration of Muhammadu Buhari promised to bring to an end, insecurity in the Northeast within the first six months of his assumption in office, leadership failure made the crisis linger, even up to the end of his administration and also snowballed into other regions of the country in a high degree. The study recommended among other things that Leadership should show strong political will in tackling security issues and challenges by bringing the culprits to justice.
Effects of different rangeland management practices on vegetation metrics and wildlife abundance in a semi-closed ecosystem in north-central Kenya
Authors: Kaaria Timothy N. , Ngamau Catherine N. , Kimiti David W.
Published: October 2023

Rangelands contribute at least 30% of terrestrial net primary productivity, making them an important part of natural ecosystems despite  low and unpredictable rainfall regimes. Rangelands are sensitive to anthropogenic activities, making management interventions key to maintaining forage quality and quantity for wildlife. This study explored the effects of mowing of grasslands and carrying away (MO),  prescribed grazing (PG), and unprescribed grazing (UG) on above-ground biomass, basal gaps, and wildlife abundance at Lewa Wildlife  Conservancy in Meru, Kenya. Data collection was done 18 months after treatment for PG and MO, while UG was continuous. Treated  blocks were selected in a systematic and random way, while adjacent untreated plots acted as controls. Blocks were divided into 100 m ×  100 m grid cells using ArcMap 10.8.1, where sampling plots were drawn. T-statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to  test statistical significance. We found a significant reduction in the aboveground biomass between MO and its control (t = 4.886, p = 0.003)  and between UG and its control (t =5.487, p = 0.007). No significant change was observed between PG and its control (t = 1.192, p =  0.287). MO increased wildlife abundance (t = -4.670, p = 0.003), while PG (t = 0.589, p = 0.583) and UG (t = -0.262, p = 0.803) showed no  difference compared to their controls. The mean length of basal gaps between MO and its control decreased (t = 7.069, p = 0.001), while those between UG and its control increased (t = -4.053, p = 0.001), with no effect observed between PG and its control (t = 1.882, p =  0.061). This study recommends the use of mowing of grasslands and carrying away on rangelands as it positively influence the metrics  under investigation.
Foreword to Journal of Humanities Special Issue: Emerging Issues in Southern Africa: Critical Perspectives
Authors: Makwinja Simon Mathias , Ndasauka Yamikani
Published: October 2023

No Abstract.
Fatty Acids and Mineral Content in Milk of Locally Reared Ruminant in Sokoto
Authors: Lawal A. , Dandare S.U. , Abubakar A.L. , Musa M. , Usman W.
Published: October 2023

The nutritional content of milk is determined by its protein, free fatty acids, and essential mineral contents which are indicators of high- quality dairy. This work aimed to evaluate some nutritional indices of milk obtained from locally reared Sokoto Red goats, Yankasa sheep, and Red Fulani cows. Milk samples were collected from each group of five breastfeeding goats, sheep, and cows. Crude protein and percent ash contents were determined using the Kjeldahl method while free fatty acid and mineral contents were determined using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), respectively. The results obtained show that the percent crude proteins of cows, sheep, and goats were 7.00 ± 0.10, 9.60 ± 0.10, and 25.50 ± 0.10 %, respectively. The percent abundance of free fattyacids show that saturated fatty acids (SFA) were 54.70, 46.19, and 32.28 %, monounsaturated fatty acids (MFA) were 54.96, 47.76, and 35.94 %, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) were 1.71, 6.04, and 2.99 %, respectively for cow, goat, and sheep. The content of zinc, potassium, and magnesium in the samples were 24.30, 35.50, and 15.70 mg/L, and 11.20, 61.30, and 23.20 mg/L; and 85.20, 97.3, and 86.30 mg/L, respectively for cow, goat, and sheep milk. Results also showed that there is significant difference (p < 0.05), between goat's milk which had high percent crude protein, zinc, magnesium, and potassium when compared with sheep and cow milk. Interestingly, sheep milk contained the important essential fatty acids arachidonic acid and nervonic acid in cow's milk. Quantitatively, goat and sheep milk MFA and PFA contents are superior to that in cow milk. While goat milk is rich in zinc, potassium, and magnesium, and significant presence of arachidonic acid in sheep milk, no significant difference was observed in the tested constituents of goat and sheep milk.
Production of medium chain fatty acids from ensiled potato peels; effect of inoculum type and kinetic study
Authors: Undiandeye J. A. , Kiman S. , Anaele J. V.
Published: October 2023

Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are fatty acids containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms with a wide range of industrial application. They can be produced by the fermentation of waste biomass through a process called chain elongation (CE). During CE, the type of inoculum used plays a key role in determining the optimal yield of MCFAs. In this study, we showed, for the first time, the use of three different inocula including leachate, rumen fluid and digestate from a biogas reactor for the batch fermentation of ensiled potato peels for MCFAs production. Results showed that the highest chain elongation was obtained when leachate was used as inoculum with a maximum yield of 57, 4 and 26 g/kgVS for caproic acid, heptanoic acid and caprylic acid respectively. A kinetic study shows that the production of MCFAs from ensiled potato peels was better described by the first-order model than by the modified Gompertz model.
Leveraging on low-cost devices for wireless data acquisition in remote pipeline networks
Authors: Febaide I. C. , Uzedhe G. O.
Published: October 2023

Pipeline infrastructures are the most used means of transporting oil and gas from extraction point to production and sales point. These pipelines are exposed to various attacks either by natural occurrences, indiscriminate human activities around pipelines or direct criminal sabotage, and therefore require constant monitoring. The use of low-cost wireless devices for pipeline data acquisition as it applies to remote and difficult terrain is presented. Different methods and models have been suggested in literature with several existing systems such as SCADA, DCS, and satellite spectral imaging currently in use for pipeline operations. Among the challenges here is the need for lower operational costs, even at reduced response time demand. The Wireless Data Acquisition System (WDAS) presented simulates a pipeline system in a testbed in which a petroleum product is caused to flow and its parameters read, processed as data and wirelessly transmitted, through a wireless sensor network, to a remote device for monitoring. Results indicate a very short response time of about 3.0sec in the simulation at a percentage accuracy of 0.07% over 1km. It also shows that low-cost wireless sensor networking can provide a cost-effective means for pipeline infrastructure management and should be explored.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression and associated factors among firefighters: a cross-sectional study in Turkey
Authors: Çelebi I. , Gökkaya E.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Firefighting is a demanding profession that requires physical strength, mental fortitude, and unwavering dedication. While firefighters are known for their bravery and heroism, it is essential to recognize the potential impact of their work on their mental health. This study examined the prevalence of anxiety and depression and contributing factors among firefighter in Turkey.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 250 full-time professional firefighters, and used the Beck anxiety inventory and the Beck depression inventory forms for data collection. The chi-square analysis method was used to compare categorical data. Predictors of anxiety and depression were determined using a univariate binary logistic regression model.

RESULTS: The mean age, BAI score and BDI score of the participants were 43.7±11.4, 5.9±8.1, and 6.2±8.8, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 10.8%, and 9.6%, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety (p=0.007) and depression (p=0.008) among participants with chronic diseases was higher than among participants without chronic diseases. The identified predictors of anxiety were smoking (OR 4.873, 95% CI 1.293-18.419, p=0.019) and depression (OR 11.411, 95% CI 3.861-33.772, p=0.001). The identified predictors of depression were alcohol consumption (OR 2.722, 95% CI 1.072-6.872, p=0.034) and chronic disease (OR 2.582, 95% CI 1.031-6.532, p=0.044).

CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that anxiety and depression as very common psychiatric problems among firefighters, more prevalent among those working in the city center, smokers, alcohol consumers, verbal violence victims, and those with chronic diseases
Evaluation of immunological response to hepatitis B vaccine among healthcare workers at Rwanda Military Hospital
Authors: Muhinda C. , Kabahizi J. , Bazatsinda K. , Dukuze N. , Nsanzabaganwa C. , Murenzi G. , Yotebieng M. , Bagaya B. , Mutesa L.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection through occupational exposure to blood or body fluids. However, the rates of non- responders after HBV vaccination among HCWs are not well documented. Therefore, we aimed to determine the proportion of immunological non-responders among HCWs who received Hepatitis B vaccine at Rwanda Military Hospital (RMH) and characterize the memory T cell responses to the Hepatitis B vaccine.

METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted at the RMH. HBV vaccinated HCWs were evaluated for immune response by measuring serum Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers and levels of HB core antibodies (HBcAb) on COBAS e411 machine, 6 years post vaccination.RESULTS: Initially 87 employees were included in the study. Four participants were excluded due to incomplete records. 52 (62.7%) participants were female and 31 (37.3%) were male. HWCs’ age ranged between 23 and 66 years with a mean (±SD) age of 38.2 ± 7.3. Of 83 HCWs, 70 (84.3%)showed response to HBV vaccine, non-responders were 11 (13.3%) and 2 (2.4%) showed immunity due to natural infection. There was no significant difference in Th cell frequencies and function between responders and non-responders after stimulation with rHBsAg vaccine.

CONCLUSION: Immunological response six years post HBsAg vaccination was 84.3% in HCWs at RMH and similar to the global prevalence. Anti-HBs levels should be tested in all HCWs following HBsAg vaccination. Personal protective equipment, and a dose of Hepatitis B prophylaxis when exposed should be emphasized.
How to evaluate and improve a medical education programme
Authors: Roberts Gwyndaf , Bregazzi Rich
Published: October 2023

The evaluation of any medical education programme is an important and continuous task. The information gathered will inform strategic  decision making and programme improvement. Using an established and widely recognised evaluation model helps structure and  support the process.
Biogas production from poultry waste modified with sawdust
Authors: Ayedun H. , Adeyemo A.I. , Ayadi P.O.
Published: October 2023

The high demand for energy as a result of the increase in population and the need to keep our environments clean makes research on biogas from wastes very necessary. The study was conducted to use poultry wastes mixed with sawdust to generate gases that can be used for cooking. The poultry waste was mixed with saw dust in the ratio 4:0, 4:1, 2:1 and 1:1 over a period of 4 weeks. The gases collected were subjected to laboratory analysis using Gas Chromatography of Perkin Elmer model. Methane yields of 3.45 x 10-3m3, 3.05 x 10-3m3, 2.03 x 10-3m3 and 1.00 x 10-3m3 were generated respectively. The more saw dust added the less gas of interest produced. Analysis of residue showed concentrations of N, P, and K in the residue are 0.847 %, 0.28 %, and 2.09 % respectively which implies materials that can be incorporated in soil amendment. Removing saw dust from the environment to generate gas reduces environmental pollution caused by burning.