bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Travail, corps et défenses dans les classes préparatoires et les grandes écoles
Authors: Dejours Roxane
Published: October 2014

Dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat actuellement en cours, l’auteure a reçu 51 étudiants de classes préparatoires scientifiques, littéraires et commerciales en France dans le cadre d’ entretiens de recherche couplés à la passation d’épreuves projectives. Dans cet article, elle analyse dans une perspective psychodynamique les risques encourus par la subjectivité dans ce type de cursus exigeant mais aussi très valorisés socialement. Dans la lutte contre la souffrance engendrée par les contraintes de ces parcours, le corps est convoqué au premier plan.
Corps et travail en clinique psychosomatique du cancer du sein
Authors: De Melo E Silva Francilene Maria
Published: October 2014

Cet article souhaite, à partir d’un cas clinique, soutenir une proposition nouvelle en clinique psychosomatique. Ce travail est issu d’une recherche doctorale adossée à la pratique en psychologie clinique de l’auteure dans le Service de Gynécologie Oncologique de l’Hôpital Publique du Cancer « l’Hôpital Ophir Loyola », à Belém, Brésil. Dans le cas particulier du cancer du sein, il s’agit de considérer comme, médiation centrale pour la reconquête de la santé, l’analyse du rapport subjectif du corps au travail. Les résultats de l’auteure illustrent que lorsque des remaniements subjectifs sont opérés par le rapport au travail dans l’économie psychique, ils semblent participer de l’installation d’une rémission durable du processus cancéreux chez les patientes rencontrées.
La mobilisation du corps dans le travail des pompes funèbres.
Authors: Bernard Julien
Published: October 2014

S’appuyant sur une enquête sociologique dans le milieu funéraire aujourd’hui en France, l’article examine la mobilisation du corps des agents de pompes funèbres dans les dimensions techniques et relationnelles de leur travail quotidien. Dans sa mise en scène comme dans l’exécution des prestations, le corps des opérateurs apparait d’abord comme objet de socialisation et de prescriptions professionnelles précises. En raison du contexte sensible de leur activité, les agents sont cependant aussi sujets à l’expérience d’émotions spécifiques et amenés à s’adapter parfois rapidement aux circonstances. Les agents doivent donc composer entre les prescriptions comportementales et la prise en compte de leur sensibilité. Bien qu’individuellement produite, cette composition, comprise comme travail émotionnel, fait l’objet de régulations et de mises en sens collectives qui l’expliquent et qui peuvent se comprendre en référence au contexte historique, social et culturel du travail funéraire.
La question de l'identité et l'éducation bilingue au Québec
Authors: Poissant Hélène
Published: October 2014

La planification des programmes d’enseignement au Québec varie entre une approche assimilatrice, qui peut amener la perte de la langue maternelle, et une approche visant au contraire le maintien de cette langue maternelle. Chaque ligne stratégique avance ses arguments, et l’article rappelle nombre d’études et d’expériences menées au Québec ainsi que les conséquences diverses de ces actions, au Québec ou internationalement. Mais s’il apparaît que les facteurs sociaux et idéologiques conditionnent largement le succès et l’échec scolaire, il apparaît aussi qu’il n’y a pas de lien univoque entre la langue d’enseignement et le succès scolaire.
Sur le contact français-gallo
Authors: Manzano Francis
Published: October 2014

Quelques problèmes découlent du fait que le gallo et le français sont en contact depuis plusieurs siècles. Un contact prolongé de ce type n’est que de très loin abordable par le biais de l’outillage usuel de la diglossie , de contact des langues et moins encore du conflit des langues. Tout se passe en effet comme si deux systèmes initialement très proches s’étaient séparés à partir de la fin du Moyen Âge, avec répartition des rôles, le français se donnant le rôle de langue d’élite à travers une axiologie de la « mise à part » (sur laquelle on revient ici) et le gallo (comme d’autres idiomes d’oïl) assumant le rôle de langue régionale de proximité paysanne. Entre les deux langues s’est lentement établi un rapport sociolinguistique dynamique de rejet des marges par le centre urbain, les marges régionales de l’ouest devenant ainsi un « magasin dialectal » du français. Au bout du compte, quand aujourd’hui le français se trouve en contact avec le gallo, il n’est jamais qu’en contact avec une représentation archaïque de lui-même, celle qu’il s’est efforcé de rejeter quatre siècles durant.
Le deuil de la langue
Authors: Gontard Marc
Published: October 2014

Si en Bretagne, le fait linguistique essentiel relève d’une situation diglossique aggravée par la tentation glottophage du français, aujourd’hui une majorité de Bretons ont totalement perdu l’usage de leur langue d’origine. Dès lors, la plupart des écrivains connaissent la situation décrite par Jacques Derrida dans Le Monolinguisme de l’autre (1996) : « Je n’ai qu’une langue et ce n’est pas la mienne ». C’est à la lumière de ce paradoxe théorique qu’est ici envisagée la littérature bretonne de langue française dans ses fonctionnements textuels qui s’apparentent à des conduites de deuil. En effet, le retour, au sein du français, de la langue perdue, sur le mode hallucinatoire du fragment-relique et de l’hybride narratif (Keineg, Grall, Elléouët) ou sur le mode aphasique du palimpseste (Segalen, Robin, Guillevic), caractérise une littérature dont le monolinguisme apparent révèle le dynamisme d’une bilangue.
Approche (socio)linguistique de l'œuvre de Noam Chomsky
Authors: Calvet Louis-Jean
Published: October 2014

Pour tenter de répondre à deux questions centrales (la créativité de la langue, et son acquisition), la grammaire générative a proposé des solutions complexes (Théorie Standard, Théorie Standard Elargie) qu’elle a ensuite en grande partie abandonnées pour aller vers une généralisation de plus en plus grande, considérant que les langues étaient beaucoup plus proches les unes des autres qu’il n’y paraissait (Principes et Paramètres, Programme minimaliste). Au cours de cette évolution, les notions d’intuition du locuteur, ou de compétence, ont été abandonnées au profit de l’hypothèse de l’innéisme. Dans le même temps on est passé de l’affirmation de l’existence de structures profondes et superficielles dans une langue à l’hypothèse que les différentes langues ne seraient que la manifestation en surface de structures communes (de principes). Dans cette évolution en slalom, de palinodie en palinodie, la seule constante est une conception monolithique de la langue, qui rend la théorie, sous ses différentes formes, sourde à la variation et à l’aspect socialement construit de la langue. Mais en même temps, et c’est peut-être la leçon fondamentale de ce survol, nous voyons que le corpus, le mode de collecte des données, n’est jamais innocent et nous en dit autant que le traitement des données sur une science.
Diglossie, contacts et conflits de langues ... A l'épreuve de trois domaines géo-linguistiques : Haute Bretagne, Sud occitano-roman, Maghreb
Authors: Manzano Francis
Published: October 2014

Le concept de diglossie (et les concepts liés de contact et de conflit de langues) a constitué l’un des fers de lance de la sociolinguistique durant les trois dernières décennies. S’il est vrai que ce mode de lecture a permis des progrès notamment en matière de connaissance des langues régionales et de productions langagières en milieux coloniaux, il apparaît aussi qu’il porte en lui des principes réducteurs qui tendent à figer des ensembles dynamiques sous forme de situations linguistiques et de matrices conflictuelles, c’est-à-dire sous des angles d’appréhension bien trop partiels et réducteurs. Les articulations binaires du raisonnement sociolinguistique ainsi produit conduisent en effet à perdre un ensemble d’informations complexes et de relations multipolaires qui font ensemble le paysage (socio)linguistique . C’est ce que l’on veut esquisser ici à l’observation de trois zones géo-linguistiques tranchées sur lesquelles l’auteur travaille depuis plusieurs années : Haute-Bretagne, domaine occitano-roman, Maghreb.
La chair et le bronze. Remarques sur Métaphysique Z, 11 et l'interprétation de M. Frede et G. Patzig
Authors: Chiaradonna Riccardo
Published: October 2014

Cet article porte sur Métaphysique , Z, 11. On examine en particulier la lecture par Frede et Patzig de la première partie de ce chapitre. Selon ces derniers, Aristote affirme : (1) que les définitions des substances naturelles sont exprimées à partir de leur forme et que toute référence à la matière doit être exclue de la définition ; (2) que les formes naturelles sont néanmoins liées de manière nécessaire et interne à un certain type de matière, car elles ne peuvent exister sans certaines parties matérielles. En réalité, une lecture attentive du chapitre ne permet de soutenir ni (1) ni (2). Un être humain ne diffère pas d’un cercle de bronze en raison de son instantiation nécessaire dans un certain type de matière. La différence consiste plutôt dans l’existence de parties fonctionnelles. Les parties fonctionnelles peuvent être mentionnées, en tant qu’elles sont fonctionnelles, dans la définition formelle des substances naturelles.
L'un, l'unité, le un. Remarques sur la logique du concept de nombre
Authors: Rickert Heinrich
Published: October 2014

Cette étude de 1911, remaniée en 1924, est consacrée à « la logique du concept de nombre », et, plus précisément à une distinction, poursuivie à travers une analyse de l’« un », du signe « égal », du signe « plus » et de la notion de « série », entre deux domaines de compétence : Rickert veut limiter celui de la logique en montrant que les mathématiques comportent un élément « alogique » qui ne relève pas de la logique pure et qui est indispensable à leur formation comme à leur démarche. Il s’agit donc d’une critique du logicisme, qui vise Frege et, surtout, Natorp, mais qui s’arrête pour ainsi dire au seuil du constructivisme tout en lui fournissant un possible point de départ.
Efficience et pouvoir de marché des banques en Thaïlande suite aux crises financières
Authors: Lapteacru Ion , Lahet Delphine
Published: October 2014

L’article étudie, sur la période 1993-2010, l’évolution du pouvoir de marché (indice de Lerner) des banques en Thaïlande ainsi que l’efficience de coût, à la fois sur toutes les activités des banques et sur différents secteurs : le crédit et les activités de marché. L’objectif est de voir l’impact de la crise de 1997-1998 et des réformes consécutives, ainsi que celui de la crise de 2007-2008 qui a affecté les grandes banques internationales-créancières, sur le pouvoir de marché et les scores d’efficience des banques thaïlandaises. Globalement, les résultats montrent que, pendant la crise de 1997-1998, la concurrence entre les banques a augmenté, puis baissé après cette crise. La crise récente n’a pas eu globalement d’impact sur le pouvoir de marché des banques. Ce dernier a augmenté uniquement sur les activités de marché. L’efficience de coût, quant à elle, a diminué à la suite de la crise de 1997-1998 pour les activités de crédit, et sur l’ensemble du marché sur la période 1995-2000. La crise récente n’a pas eu non plus d’effet sur l’efficience des banques thaïlandaises.
Le paradoxe d'Allais
Authors: Mongin Philippe
Published: October 2014

De tous les problèmes conçus par la théorie de la décision, le paradoxe d’Allais est peut-être celui qui aura suscité l’intérêt le plus persistant. La théorie y a consacré assez de travaux techniques remarquables pour qu’il soit désormais possible à l’histoire et à la philosophie des sciences de l’examiner réflexivement. Dans sa partie historique, l’article restitue le contexte d’apparition du paradoxe – le colloque de Paris, en 1952, auquel assistaient les principaux théoriciens de la décision du moment. L’axiomatique de von Neumann et Morgenstern en 1947 leur avait donné des raisons nouvelles d’approuver l’hypothèse de l’utilité attendue, et le contre-exemple d’Allais visait précisément à ébranler leur conviction. Les questions de la controverse étaient de type normatif, mais elles se perdirent quand le « paradoxe d’Allais » gagna tardivement la célébrité dans les travaux des années 1980. Ceux-ci le traitèrent comme une simple réfutation empirique et ils en firent l’enjeu de « théories de l’utilité non espérée » qu’ils développaient de même sous le seul angle empirique. Dans sa partie philosophique, l’article cherche à évaluer ce déplacement d’interprétation. D’un certain côté, les théoriciens de la décision firent bien de libérer leur travail expérimental des complications du normatif, car ils parvinrent ainsi à des résultats éclairants : l’hypothèse de l’utilité espérée était empiriquement réfutée, la responsabilité principale en revenait à l’axiome d’indépendance de von Neumann-Morgenstern, et l’étape suivante était de transformer adéquatement cet axiome. D’un autre côté, ils eurent tort de négliger un trait fondamental de leur domaine : les comportements observés ne sont informatifs que si les agents sont prêts à les assumer de manière réfléchie, c’est-à-dire à leur prêter une certaine valeur normative. D’après la reconstruction proposée ici, Allais ne voulait faire porter les expériences de choix que sur des sujets rationnels, ou bien sélectionnés au départ, ou bien révélés comme tels par l’expérience. L’article développe ces intuitions en revenant aux travaux des années 1970, aujourd’hui très peu connus, qui, sous l’influence d’Allais, proposèrent des traductions expérimentales de la rationalité, et il invite finalement la théorie de la décision à diversifier ses méthodes en s’inspirant de ces tentatives originales.
Salaires et salariés en Île-de-France
Authors: Combes Pierre-Philippe , Duranton Gilles , Gobillon Laurent
Published: October 2014

Ce travail compare les distributions de salaires et de qualifications de l’Île-de-France et du reste du pays. Les salaires sont plus élevés en Île-de-France de 24 %. Ces différences relèvent pour le quart de qualifications plus élevées et pour le reste d’une plus grande productivité francilienne. Nous montrons aussi que les disparités de salaires sont beaucoup plus fortes à l’intérieur de l’Île-de-France et reflètent alors principalement de plus grandes disparités de qualifications entre salariés franciliens que dans le reste de la France. Les choix migratoires faits par les salariés n’expliquent qu’une faible part de ces différences. Les différences entre l’Île-de-France et le reste du pays se retrouvent à un degré moindre quand nous comparons Paris et sa petite couronne à la grande couronne parisienne.
Mesure de la Competitive Balance dans les ligues de sports professionnels
Authors: Gayant Jean-Pascal , Le Pape Nicolas
Published: October 2014

Dans cet article, nous étudions la capacité des indices traditionnels de Competitive Balance à correctement mesurer l’attractivité des ligues de sports professionnels, en différenciant les ligues fermées des ligues avec promotion et relégation. Sur la base d’un dispositif original de construction de configurations hypothétiques de classements finaux des clubs, nous mettons en évidence l’inaptitude des indices traditionnels, et en particulier de l’indice de Gini, à rendre compte de l’attractivité des différentes ligues. En nous inscrivant dans la démarche se fondant sur le « parallèle » entre modèles de décision dans le risque et mesure des inégalités (à la suite de Yaari [1987]), nous proposons alors une généralisation de l’indice de Gini permettant de convenablement mesurer l’attractivité des différents types de ligues.
Lampedusa, l'île qui n'est pas
Authors: Sossi Federica
Published: October 2014

Résumé Le lieu des étrangers au cimetière de Lampedusa.
A simple method for purification of deodorizer distillate from Indian rice (Oryza Sativa) bran oil and preparation of phytosterols
Authors: Raja Rajan R. G. , Gopala Krishna A. G.
Published: October 2014

Samples of rice bran oil deodorizer distillates (RBO DOD-1 and RBO DOD-2) were studied for their physicochemical characteristics. The samples were semisolid and had a dark color. The free fatty acid values were 59.2% and 86.0%, the unsaponifiable matter was 18.7% and 7.75% and the phytosterol contents were 8.71% and 4.22%, respectively for the deodorizer distillates studied. A simple method of silica gel percolation was developed to purify DOD to obtain phytosterol concentrate fractions (PCF) and a brown color and bad odor fraction (BCBOF). The color values were reduced by 72.8% and 73.0% of lovibond units in the PCF for DOD-1 and DOD-2 respectively, had no bad odor and were increased in the phytosterol concentration to 12.4% and 5.9%. The PCF was further processed to prepare high purity phytosterols. An HPLC analysis of the phytosterol mixture showed it to be formed by β-sitosterol (38.2%), stigmasterol (34.9%), campesterol (9.5%) and other sterols (17.4%).
Chemical properties of virgin olive oil from Iranian cultivars grown in the Fadak and Gilvan regions
Authors: Homapour M. , Ghavami M. , Piravi-Vanak Z. , Hosseini S. E.
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study is to evaluate the chemical compositions (total phenol, fatty acid, sterolic compounds) of Iranian virgin olive oil (Zard, Rowghani, Mari) cultivated in the Gilvan (Zanjan Province) and Fadak (Qom Province) regions. Total phenols were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Fatty acid and sterol profiles were also analyzed using gas chromatography. In most cases, significant effects (P < 0.05) of cultivars and locations were detected by the chemical composition of the oil samples. The fatty acid analysis indicated that the Mari variety from Gilvan had high oleic/low linoleic acid content; therefore it is a highly resistant olive oil against oxidation. Furthermore, the high mean values of total sterols were also obtained for the Mari variety. The oil of the Zard variety from Gilvan had the maximum amount of phenols as a positive quality index. Therefore, the Mari variety, especially from Gilvan has been suggested as a superior cultivar compared to the Zard and Rowghani varieties.
The effect of commercial enzyme preparation-assisted maceration on the yield, quality, and bioactivity of essential oil from waste carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.)
Authors: Śmigielski K. B. , Majewska M. , Kunicka-Styczyńska A. , Gruska R. , Stańczyk Ł.
Published: October 2014

Eight enzyme preparations were screened with a view to maximizing the yield of carrot seed essential oil. Three of the eight enzyme preparations investigated, lipase from Mucor circinelloides, XPect® pectinase, and Esperase® protease, significantly influenced the amount of essential oil obtained, with Esperase® being the most effective. The Taguchi method was applied to optimize the processing conditions for the Esperase® protease. Under the optimum conditions, the essential oil yield increased by approximately 48%. The main constituent compounds in the oil are: carotol (OeA: 40.80%–OeB: 46.17%), daucol (OeA: 7.35%–OeB: 6.22%), sabinene (OeA: 5.12%–OeB: 6.13%), alpha-pinene (OeA: 4.24%–OeB: 5.11%) and geranyl acetate (OeA: 4.50%–OeB: 3.68%). As compared to the control sample, the essential oil obtained from enzyme-pretreated carrot seeds has the same biological activity against Bacillus subtilis and Candida sp., lower activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and higher activity against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum.
Octopus tetricus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) as an ecosystem engineer
Authors: Scheel David , Godfrey-Smith Peter , Lawrence Matthew
Published: October 2014

The Sydney octopus (Octopus tetricus) occurs in unusual numbers on a shell bed of its prey remains that have accumulated as an extended midden where additional octopuses excavate dens. Here, O tetricus are ecosystem engineers, organisms that modulate availability of resources to other species and to their own species by causing physical state changes in materials. A community of invertebrate grazers and scavengers has developed on the shell bed. Fishes are attracted to the shell bed in numbers significantly greater than in nearby habitats. Large predators, including wobbegong sharks, were attracted to and fed on concentrations of fish, inhibiting the activities of the original engineers, the octopuses. Positive feedbacks included the accumulation of shell debris, increasing shelter availability for additional octopuses and aggregating fish. Negative feedbacks included reductions of nearby prey size and availability, aggression among octopuses, and predator limitation to octopus activity that would otherwise maintain the shell bed.
Artificial marine habitats favour a single fish species on a long-term scale: the dominance of Boops boops around off-shore fish cages
Authors: Riera Rodrigo , Sanchez-Jerez Pablo , Rodriguez Myriam , Monterroso Oscar
Published: October 2014

Off-shore fish cages are new artificial habitats that can affect pelagic fish assemblages and constitute an important food source for wild fish assemblages. This aggregation has noticeable ecological consequences in cage areas in impoverished ecosystems such as those in the Canary archipelago (NE Atlantic Ocean). However, this new habitat could be dominated by a single species, reducing its positive ecological effects. Wild fish assemblages associated with an off-shore fish lease on the northeastern coast of Tenerife (Canary Islands) were sampled for six years. Fish assemblage structure beneath fish cages and at controls ( > 500 m from cages) differed significantly between locations, with 13 times greater abundance at cage locations. These differences were mainly explained by the dominance of bogue (Boops boops) around fish cages. This trend was consistent in the long-term throughout the study period (2004-2009), affecting local fisheries. The presence of fish cages significantly altered wild fish assemblages in the study area, enhancing mainly biomass and abundance of one species, bogue, and causing shifts in species composition.
Examining Design Pattern Strategies as a Means to Achieve Social Presence in the Online Classroom
Authors: Matthews Araminta , Kitchin Jr. Robert M.
Published: October 2014

Design patterns have received much attention across multiple design domains where social interaction is a central goal because they have great potential for capturing and sharing design knowledge. Design patterns, design pattern language, and design pattern libraries demonstrate potential benefits to novice and expert online course designers. Trends affecting the growth of online courses and resultant pitfalls negatively affecting students and instructors indicate the need for social presence design. A literature review addresses the importance of social interaction, differentiated design, learning-oriented social networking, and Web design structures in an effort to assuage the experience of isolation reported by the majority of online students. The authors argue that design patterns are a method of overcoming many of these apparent obstacles to quality online course design and learning engagement. Additionally, they present example design patterns to solve specific social interacting problems.
Pre-Service Teachers Engaging with Twitter as a Professional Online Learning Environment
Authors: Lemon Narelle
Published: October 2014

New ways of utilizing technology in the online space are challenging different ways teachers and students can interact with each other and learning content. Social media is one such technology that is a flexible and powerful tool in higher education; however, as yet, it is still under-researched. Twitter challenges notions of public global dialogue, continuous discussions in the online space beyond the four walls of a physical classroom, and the role of peer-to-peer interactions. This chapter discusses a project that aimed to address the need to understand more deeply what happens pedagogically in the classroom when integrating Twitter into learning activities. The case shared is of one undergraduate second-year class located in Teacher Education. The change over time with students' ability to professionally engage with Twitter demonstrated a shift in being able to confidently participate and critically think about this social media as a valuable online learning environment.
Technology Readiness and Social Presence in Online Higher Education
Authors: Abraham David R.
Published: October 2014

With the proliferation of technology-dependent social media, electronic connections between individuals and between groups are numerous. While technology facilitates these connections, researchers have not established the extent to which technology assures social connectedness within a community of inquiry in terms of student-teacher interaction. Given that social presence is a measure of the student-student and student-teacher interaction, measuring its perception by students within the framework of their familiarity with technology could determine its relationship to technology. Using the sub-constructs of social presence: affective expression, open communication, and group cohesion, and the technology readiness index, a regression analysis of a survey of 88 online higher education students found technology optimism, a sub-construct of technology readiness, significantly predicted social presence. The result implies that taking a learner's attitude toward technology into consideration could help educational administrators provide a more meaningful and effective educational experience for learners within a community of inquiry.
Creating a Culture of Engagement
Authors: Becker Katherine Erdman
Published: October 2014

Many online faculty members pattern their teaching after traditional models of face-to-face instruction. However, these models fail to support meaningful content delivery and interaction in today's online classroom. This chapter discusses faculty development efforts that serve to cultivate effective online teaching practices. Presenting the communication processes and technical skills necessary to create social presence in online and hybrid courses, the chapter equips both novice and experienced instructors with the tools required to redesign traditional courses for online delivery, to deliver quality instruction, and to promote strong interaction. Teaching strategies and adult learning theory are explored. The appropriate use of technology to achieve desired student learning outcomes is also discussed. In addition, instructors' concerns and attitudes towards the implementation of social presence strategies in online learning are examined.
Planning, Designing, Implementing, and Managing Social Presence in Online Programs and Online Classes
Authors: Patel Kartikeya
Published: October 2014

Social Presence plays important role in student learning, student retention, degree completion, and overall student satisfaction with the academic program. This chapter discusses the nature of social presence, the epistemological and psychological framework of social presence, contemporary social presence models, and planning, design, implementation, and management of social presence at the program and course levels. The planning and implementation of social presence at the program level is discussed with regard to online class size, faculty workload, Learning Management System (LMS), faculty and staff training, and social presence measurements. The planning, design, and implementation of social presence at the course level is discussed with regard to the online course syllabus, online course design, and techniques that help instructors in implementing social presence in asynchronous/synchronous, audio/video, or text-based online environments.
The Human Element MOOC
Authors: Kilgore Whitney , Lowenthal Patrick R.
Published: October 2014

The Human Element Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on the Canvas open network was designed to be a connectivist experience exploring methods for the humanization of online education. This MOOC introduced and discussed methods that faculty could adopt in order to potentially increase instructor presence, social presence, and cognitive presence within their own online courses. The design of the MOOC and the learners' perceptions of social presence after taking part in this MOOC are discussed in this chapter.
Securing Enterprises from Malicious Attacks on their Networks
Authors: Mbale Jameson , Wadhwa Manish
Published: October 2014

Routers interconnect networks of various enterprises, and the more secure the entry or exit points are made, the more robust the security of these enterprises is. These routers become the first direct targets and are vulnerable to security attacks. If these routers are not tightly protected, the attackers get an edge to intrude the system. In order to ensure the security of these routers, Secure Access Control Lists (ACLs) Filtering-Based Enterprise Networks (SAFE-Nets) are proposed in this chapter. In this scheme, routers are configured with Access Control Lists (ACL) that are used to filter in the intended packets and filter out the dangerous malicious packets from network traffic. This consolidates security deployment over the entire network on top of anti-virus software, weak passwords, latent software vulnerabilities, and other related secure measures. This can help network technicians working for various enterprises manage security at low costs.
Are Universities Unsocial with Social Media?
Authors: Raineri Ellen , Fudge Tamara , Hall Linnea
Published: October 2014

This chapter explores the necessity of teaching social media in university courses. Many of today's business organizations have replaced or augmented traditional marketing with social media in order to promote their products or services and take advantage of blogs, social networks, audio, video, email marketing, and collaborative environments to reach their customer base. The benefits include cost savings, stronger customer loyalty, increased sales, heightened product/service awareness, the ability to mine data, and reaching customers quickly. Universities, while focusing on the primary responsibility of teaching, are also employing social media to promote their business to their customers, the students. While university programs are sometimes criticized for focusing on theory instead of specific skills and relevance to the workplace, could this same criticism also be applicable to how universities use social media and how this burgeoning business tool is perhaps not being taught? In this chapter, various uses of social media in the university setting are uncovered and recommendations are made for improvement of social media initiatives.
The Evolving Role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO)
Authors: Davis Brian , McDonagh Joe
Published: October 2014

The new role of CIO was created in the early 1980s, a time when organizations had just begun to recognize the strategic importance of IS. Prior to that, the most senior role in IS had been that of the IS Manager, a functional or line manager role with only limited involvement with top management. This new role was expected to work within the top management team to “bridge the gap” between the IS department and top management, to ensure the ongoing successful exploitation of IS across the organization. Today, it has been suggested that the role of CIO has now evolved to cover the need to also “bridge the gap” between the organization itself and its external IS technological environment. The purpose of this chapter is to review the IS management literature relating to the CIO in order to gain a greater understanding of the evolution of this role.
Aligning Strategy and Information Technology
Authors: Caffrey Eamonn , McDonagh Joe
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with high-level insights into the complexities of aligning strategy and Information Technology (IT) by reviewing core areas of the extant strategic alignment literature. Strategic alignment has proven to be a perennial issue for organizations and management teams alike for more than three decades now. In some quarters, the actual meaning of the concept is ambiguous, and the chapter aims to provide a clear understanding of what strategic alignment fully means and involves. The chapter addresses the origins of the construct and elicits many of the known reasons that describe the inherent challenges from a practical management point-of-view. Insights into various perspectives are shared based on past empirical studies. Given that strategic alignment is embedded with the very essence of strategy, insights into context, content, and process as they relate to this important IT management domain are presented.
The Role of Information System within Enterprise Architecture and their Impact on Business Performance
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: October 2014

This chapter introduces the role of Information Systems (IS) within enterprise architecture and their impact on business performance, thus explaining the theoretical and practical concepts of Information Technology (IT), technical alignment, IS capabilities, IS effectiveness, enterprise architecture, and business performance; the implementation of IT strategy; and the importance of IS within enterprise architecture and their impact on business performance; and the application of IS within enterprise architecture and their impact on business performance. The focus on the role of IS within enterprise architectures and their impact on business performance by utilizing IT based on the practical application of IT, technical alignment, IS capabilities, and IS effectiveness is to connect people, processes, and technology for the purpose of maximizing corporate IT, technical alignment, IS capabilities, and IS effectiveness. Applying IS within enterprise architecture will greatly enhance business performance and reach business goals in digital age.
Effects of Information Technology on Business Performance and the Use of Accounting Measures
Authors: Romero Jorge A.
Published: October 2014

The understanding of the link between Information Technology (IT) investments and firm performance is still not completely understood in spite of numerous studies. However, these studies are not united in how they examine the effects of IT on business performance. They differ in their criteria, methodologies, and samples. Therefore, while there are positive effects associated with IT on firm performance, it is still difficult to reach overarching conclusions and highlight that there is still a need for further research. Specifically, this chapter contributes to this area of study by discussing the different types of benefits that firms can get from IT investments, examining the use of accounting variables to quantify the effect of IT, and providing future research directions.
Advances in Technology Project Management
Authors: Dawson Maurice , Leonard Brian , Rahim Emad
Published: October 2014

As organizations must continually drive down costs of software-driven projects, they need to evaluate the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and other software-based design methodologies. These methodologies include looking at software-based alternatives that could save a significant amount of money by reducing the amount of proprietary software. This chapter explores the use and integration of Open Source Software (OSS) in software-driven projects to include in enterprise organizations. Additionally, the legalities of the GNU General Public License (GPL), Lesser General Public License (LGPL), Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), and Creative Commons are explored with the integration of these OSS solutions into organizations. Lastly, the chapter covers the software assurance and cyber security controls to associate with OSS to deploy a hardened product that meets the needs of today's dynamically evolving global business enterprise.
The Bullwhip Effect
Authors: Yebabe Yohannes
Published: October 2014

Supply chain management is a fledgling science which concerned with synchronization of both material flow and information flow by integrating companies for a common objective to meet the requirements of the end customer. Bullwhip effect is an important research topic of the supply chain management. The Bullwhip effect is precarious to both short and long run competitive advantage, the dependability sustainability advantage of the chain. This paper proposes to show the impact of the Bullwhip effect on the supply chain using experimentally simulated data from Beer distribution game. The game represents a simple supply chain which consists of factory, distributor, wholesaler and retailer. The paper used empirical models of ANOVA, spectral density estimation, ARMAX and Cochrane- Orcutt autoregression. The result of the study prevails that when we quantify the impact of the Bullwhip effect to different actors of the supply chain with respect of inventory holding cost and stock-out case it is found that different cost implications. When quantifying the impact of the Bullwhip effect to the whole supply chain it is found that at least one of the competitive advantages of the chain is lost. When generalizing it the all the actors in the supply chain will suffer from the Bullwhip effect. The overall evidence from statistical causality analysis suggest that without proper both intra-organizational and inter-organizational coordination of the companies across the supply chain it is difficult to have effective and efficient customer relationship management, customer demand management and inventory management.
A Novel Hybrid Algorithm Based on K-Means and Evolutionary Computations for Real Time Clustering
Authors: Mansouri Taha , Ravasan Ahad Zare , Gholamian Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2014

One of the most widely used algorithms to solve clustering problems is the K-means. Despite of the algorithm's timely performance to find a fairly good solution, it shows some drawbacks like its dependence on initial conditions and trapping in local minima. This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm, comprised of K-means and a variation operator inspired by mutation in evolutionary algorithms, called Noisy K-means Algorithm (NKA). Previous research used K-means as one of the genetic operators in Genetic Algorithms. However, the proposed NKA is a kind of individual based algorithm that combines advantages of both K-means and mutation. As a result, proposed NKA algorithm has the advantage of faster convergence time, while escaping from local optima. In this algorithm, a probability function is utilized which adaptively tunes the rate of mutation. Furthermore, a special mutation operator is used to guide the search process according to the algorithm performance. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with the classical K-means, SOM Neural Network, Tabu Search and Genetic Algorithm in a given set of data. Simulation results statistically demonstrate that NKA out-performs all others and it is prominently prone to real time clustering.
Bulk Construction of Geo-Textual Indices
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Pan Jinkun , Li Jiaxin , Tan Kian-Lee
Published: October 2014

With the proliferation of online web objects, spatial keyword queries that retrieve objects satisfying both spatial and keyword conditions are becoming popular. The geo-textual index that integrates a spatial index with a keyword filter offers a promising approach for processing such queries efficiently. However, it is still an open problem on how the geo-textual indices can be effectively constructed from scratch. This paper proposes a bulk loading algorithm for the geo-textual indices, which constructs the indices top-down efficiently. It utilizes a two-phase method to construct the children of nodes at each level of the geo-textual index, taking both spatial and keyword information into consideration, and thus optimizes the geo-textual index for spatial keyword queries. The time complexity of the algorithm is analyzed theoretically, and comprehensive experiments with both real and synthetic datasets show that it can build high quality geo-textual indices with good query performance and space utilization.
The Migration of the Book Across Territorial Borders
Authors: Cantatore Francina
Published: October 2014

Although the USA, Canada, UK, and Australia currently retain territorial copyright laws, with commensurate restrictions on parallel, importation of books, advances in digital technology, and the advent of e-books have caused an involuntary migration of the book across these defined borders. This changing publishing sphere has impacted authors' copyright protection, with authors struggling to come to grips with breaches of copyright outside the protection of their own borders. Additionally, the extra-territorial publication of books are often in breach of authors' copyright but difficult to address locally. This article deals with the copyright issues faced by authors once their books enter the digital sphere, as well as the difficulties associated with overseas publications of their books, from a territorial perspective. It examines—especially in view of recent case law in the United States—whether territorial copyright borders still afford book authors effective copyright protection in the digital economy, and further, whether the culture of the book is being eroded through the prevalence of extra-territorial publications. In addressing these issues, the article references recent qualitative and quantitative research conducted through interviewing and surveying published Australian authors nationally. The findings of the qualitative and quantitative research showed that, whilst publication in the digital sphere poses significant challenges for book authors, their responses to copyright challenges are varied and inconsistent, depending on their viewpoints. Relevantly, this article examines the recent US Supreme Court decision of Kirtsaeng v Wiley and Sons, Inc.—which dealt with the application of the “first sale doctrine” in the cross-border sale of text books on eBay—and considers its likely future impact on the enforcement of territorial copyright by authors and publishers. Finally, the article concludes that territorial copyright borders have become blurred, difficult to enforce in view of recent precedent, and are ineffective in preserving authors' copyright and the cultural dimensions of their books. In conclusion, it suggests that new copyright solutions are required, demanding that authors embrace digital technology, improve their knowledge of online publishing, and apply creative publishing models to their advantage.
E-Business Disclosure for Sustainability on Selected Listed Companies in Indonesia's Stock Exchange Market
Authors: Aryanto Vincent Didiek Wiet
Published: October 2014

To date, most listed corporations in Indonesia's Stock Exchange Market (BEI) disclose information on e-business sustainability concerning their environmental performance in response to stakeholder demand for environmental responsibility and accountability. How was e-business sustainability performed by some corporations on their websites? This article investigates the environmental management and business sustainability practices of the publicly listed companies in Indonesia as informed to the public by their websites. Based on a content analysis of the e-business sustainability reports, this article analyzes the content of corporate environmental and e-business sustainability disclosures with respect to the following areas: company compliance and company non-compliance to the sets of environment regulations and policies implied in the PROPER program.
How Online Consumer Reviews Influence Purchase Intention in Virtual Communities?
Authors: Chen Yi-Fen , Tsai Chia-Wen , Hsu Shih-Mei
Published: October 2014

With the growing availability and popularity of Web-based opinion platforms, online product reviews are now an emerging market phenomenon that is playing an important role in consumer purchasing decisions. This study investigates the influence of electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) on purchase intention in the virtual community. The authors conducted a 2x2x2x2 online experiment involving 261 subjects. The experiment results demonstrate that message number and positive messages in the virtual community can influence consumer purchase intention. Product price and the involvement moderate the effects of eWOM on purchase intention. However, negative messages are negatively related to purchase intentions. This finding offers potential for finding better ways for sellers or managers in a virtual community. Finally, the conclusion presents implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
Supporting the Module Sequencing Decision in ITIL Solution Implementation
Authors: Ravasan Ahad Zare , Mansouri Taha , Mohammadi Mohammad Mehrabioun , Rouhani Saeed
Published: October 2014

Nowadays a growing interest in Information Technology Service Management (ITSM) proves the trends and needs of their implementation in organizations. In order to successfully implement an ITSM project in an organization, it is essential to implement a suitable ITSM solution to support the related processes. The ITSM solution implementation can be conducted either in a big bang or phased manner by module. The present paper intends to offer the analytical means to support decision-making in the implementation sequence of Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) solution modules. Since the decision problem of the module sequence involves a myriad of organizational and technical issues, which are vague in essence, we propose the Balanced ScoreCard (BSC) based evaluation criteria for supporting module sequencing decision along with fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) method to be applied. The proposed approach has been applied to a local Iranian company in the field of IT services to implement the acquired ITSM solution; the provided numerical example illustrates the applicability of the approach for the purpose. The priorities for the implementation sequence of the modules are determined in the case study.
An Extensive Review of IT Service Design in Seven International ITSM Processes Frameworks
Authors: Mora Manuel , Raisinghani Mahesh , O'Connor Rory V. , Gomez Jorge Marx , Gelman Ovsei
Published: October 2014

An IT service design process is considered to be a fundamental piece of the seven key international IT Service Management (ITSM) processes frameworks (ITIL v2, ITIL v3 (and ITIL v2011), ISO 20000-4, CobIT 4.0, CMMI-SVC, MOF 4.0, and ITUP). Nevertheless the availability of IT service design processes, few –if any- descriptive-comparative studies among them have been reported. Thus, in this paper (Part I), we address this knowledge gap. An extensive descriptive-comparative review of seven IT service design processes in aforementioned frameworks is reported. Fundamental concepts (viz., design as noun, design as verb, service, service system, IT service, IT service system, and IT service architecture design) are analyzed by using a Systems Approach. Our findings indicate that the frameworks ITIL v2, ISO/IEC 20000 and Cobit 4.0 are using weak systemic concepts, while the frameworks ITIL v3, CMMI-SVC, ITUP and MOF 4.0 are more foundationally congruent with the new service systems view. Implications for ITSM theory and practice are discussed.
Electronic Journals
Authors: Costa Teresa , Lopes Carlos , Vaz Francisco
Published: October 2014

The availability of electronic journals in the Portuguese academic community improved in a spectacular way since the creation of the national university consortium, Online Knowledge Library (b-on), in 2004. The work presented here is the outcome of a line of research begun in 2011 which aims to investigate the supply and use of electronic journals incorporated into university libraries through b-on. This study aims to present and analyse some of the statistical and bibliometric indicators of the Portuguese scientific consumption and output seeking to evaluate its connection with b-on. It was analysed the usage of b-on resources by the public universities members of the consortium, from 2004 to 2010.In addition to the usage data of the consortium, we used the Web of Science (WoS) from which we identified the articles indexed by five Portuguese universities between 2000-2010.