bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Adverse Childhood Experiences to PTSD, Depression, Poly‐Drug Use and Suicide Attempt in Reservation‐Based Native American Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Brockie Teresa N. , Dana-Sacco Gail , Wallen Gwenyth R. , Wilcox Holly C. , Campbell Jacquelyn C.
Published: April 2015

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with numerous risk behaviors and mental health outcomes among youth. This study examines the relationship between the number of types of exposures to ACEs and risk behaviors and mental health outcomes among reservation‐based Native Americans. In 2011, data were collected from Native American (N = 288; 15–24 years of age) tribal members from a remote plains reservation using an anonymous web‐based questionnaire. We analyzed the relationship between six ACEs, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, physical and emotional neglect, witness to intimate partner violence, for those <18 years, and included historical loss associated symptoms, and perceived discrimination for those <19 years; and four risk behavior/mental health outcomes: post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression symptoms, poly‐drug use, and suicide attempt. Seventy‐eight percent of the sample reported at least one ACE and 40 % reported at least two. The cumulative impact of the ACEs were significant (p < .001) for the four outcomes with each additional ACE increasing the odds of suicide attempt (37 %), poly‐drug use (51 %), PTSD symptoms (55 %), and depression symptoms (57 %). To address these findings culturally appropriate childhood and adolescent interventions for reservation‐based populations must be developed, tested and evaluated longitudinally.
Sensory and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Cold Press‐Produced Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Seed Oils
Authors: Yilmaz Emin , Aydeniz Buket , Güneşer Onur , Arsunar Emel Sevgi
Published: April 2015

In this study, roasted and unroasted (control) tomato seeds were cold pressed and the seeds, oils, and seed presscakes (meals) were analyzed. Some physicochemical properties, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, thermal properties, mineral contents, fatty acids, sterols and tocopherols compositions, volatile compounds and sensory evaluation of the tomato seed oils were determined. The tomato seeds contained 3.3 % of ash, 17.3 % of oil and 27.2 % of protein. The cold press oil recovery rate was 7.2 and 10.28 % for control and roasted seeds, respectively. There were eight sensory terms defining the oils together with 34 different aromatic compounds quantified. The volatile compounds furfural, hexanal, benzaldehyde and 2‐isobutylthiazole were found with the highest frequency in the samples. Roasted, green and tomato were defined as characteristic sensory terms for tomato seeds oils. Fifteen different minerals, melting and crystallization temperatures and enthalpies of the oil samples were also quantified. This study provides important data for the tomato seed oils, and proves that pre‐roasted tomato seed oils are high quality, nutritious and aromatics oils with higher levels of consumer acceptability.
Gaston bachelard face aux mathématiques
Authors: Alunni Charles
Published: April 2015

La question du rapport de la pensée bachelardienne à la mathématique contemporaine a longtemps été éludée au profit exclusif d'une interprétation fautive. Un Bachelard formé à la physique et à la chimie qui n'auraitjamais donné sa véritable place à l'étude mathématique est l'interprétation qui prédomine depuis le colloque de Cerisy (1974). Le logicien Roger Martin affinne qu'il existe un silence coupable autour du problème des fondements (problématique ensembliste, axiomatique et logicisme). À partir d'une analyse serrée des textes, cette étude renoue avec une image beaucoup plus juste d'un Bachelard pour qui la mathématique n'est rien de moins que « le sur-moi de la science ».
Self‐evaluative and emotion processes linked with brooding rumination among adolescents
Authors: Burwell Rebecca A.
Published: April 2015

Rumination has been linked with a number of deleterious outcomes, though relatively little is known about self‐evaluative and emotion processes by which it develops. The current investigation uses a prospective, longitudinal design and self‐report measures to examine the role of contingent self‐worth, perfectionism, negative emotion beliefs, and suppression of negative emotion in predicting the development of brooding and reflective forms of rumination among 168 adolescents (98 girls, 79.6% European‐American) undergoing the transition to high school (Mage = 13.58). Results of structural equation modeling indicate that self‐evaluative vulnerability (i.e., self‐worth contingencies, perfectionism) and negative emotion beliefs, but not the suppression of negative emotion, predict brooding (but not reflective) rumination. The current study demonstrates how brooding is intertwined with views of self and core assumptions about emotion.
Anxiety disorders and depression among high school adolescents and youths in Nigeria: Understanding differential effects of physical abuse at home and school
Authors: Fakunmoju Sunday B. , Bammeke Funmi O.
Published: April 2015

Despite the exposure of children to physical abuse in more than one setting in many regions of the world, little is known about the associations of physical abuse in different settings (e.g., at home and school) with anxiety disorders and depression among adolescents and youths. Using a convenience sample of 502 adolescents and youths ages 13–23 years from five public and three private senior secondary schools in Nigeria, the study examined associations of gender and physical abuse by parents with anxiety disorders as well as associations of physical abuse by parents and/or teachers with depression in the sample, 39.6% of whom had experienced physical abuse at home and in school. Findings suggest that physical abuse by parents was associated with anxiety disorders and depression than physical abuse by teachers. Being female was equally associated with anxiety disorders. Implications of findings for mental health, practice, research, and theory are discussed.
Work or family or both? Value trajectories and their prediction over ten years
Authors: Tschopp Cécile , Keller Anita C. , Stalder Barbara E.
Published: April 2015

Previous studies have shown that values are developed during young adulthood. This study investigated whether and when developmental trajectories of values depend on gender, language region, cognitive competence, expected education duration, and ambition. Longitudinal data of 2620 adolescents in Switzerland were collected at eight waves of measurement over 10 years. Latent growth model analysis revealed that work values mainly increase between ages 16 and 20, whereas family values primarily increase after age 20. This pattern fits the major life and career roles sequence: Becoming established in one's career comes first, and focusing on family building follows later. The initial levels and development of values were essentially affected by gender, but other individual factors such as cognitive competence, expected education duration, and ambition also showed some effect, particularly on family values. These new insights into the development of values improve the understanding of the career decisions and career behavior of adolescents.
Maternal omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to a vitamin B12 deficient diet normalizes angiogenic markers in the pup brain at birth
Authors: Rathod Richa S. , Khaire Amrita A. , Kale Anvita A. , Joshi Sadhana R.
Published: April 2015

Vitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids are critical for normal brain development and function and their deficiencies during pregnancy could have adverse effects on cognitive performance in children. Our earlier studies indicate that both maternal vitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids influence brain development by regulating the levels of neurotrophins. Literature suggests that there exists a cross talk between neurotrophins like nerve growth factor (NGF) and angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It remains to be established whether maternal nutrients like vitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids influence the levels of angiogenic markers like VEGF and NGF in the brain of the offspring. Therefore the present study examines the effect of maternal vitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids on protein and mRNA levels of VEGF, HIF‐1 alpha (hypoxia inducible factor alpha) and NGF in the pup brain at birth. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into five dietary groups (n = 8 each): control, vitamin B12 deficient, vitamin B12 deficient + omega‐3 fatty acid, vitamin B12 supplemented, vitamin B12 supplemented + omega‐3 fatty acid. At birth the pups were dissected to collect the brain tissue. Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency showed lower (p < 0.05) pup brain mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.01) of VEGF, higher (p < 0.01) HIF‐1 alpha protein levels, lower (p < 0.05) NGF protein levels while NGF mRNA levels were not altered. Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to a vitamin B12 deficient group normalized the VEGF mRNA levels, NGF protein levels and HIF‐1 alpha protein levels. Vitamin B12 supplementation showed similar protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and NGF as well as HIF‐1 alpha protein levels as compared to control. Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to the vitamin B12 supplemented group showed higher (p < 0.01) protein and mRNA levels of NGF but the protein and mRNA levels of VEGF were comparable to control. In conclusion maternal vitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids both influence the levels and expression of neurotrophins and angiogenic factors in the offspring brain suggesting a possible benefit of combined maternal supplementation of these vital nutrients.
Reduced systemic vascular resistance is the underlying hemodynamic mechanism in nitrate‐stimulated vasovagal syncope during head‐up tilt‐table test
Authors: Kim Byung Gyu , Cho Sung Woo , Lee Hye Young , Kim Deok Hee , Byun Young Sup , Goh Choong Won , Rhee Kun Joo , Kim Byung Ok
Published: April 2015

Background

Nitroglycerin (NTG) challenge during head‐up tilt‐table testing (HUTT) is often utilized to determine the etiology of unexplained vascular syncope. However, conflicting results concerning nitrate‐induced hemodynamic changes during HUTT have been reported. The purpose of this study was to assess the determinants of presyncopal symptoms during NTG‐stimulated HUTT.

Methods

We evaluated 40 patients with suspected vasovagal syncope. Beat‐to‐beat changes in blood pressure, heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) during HUTT were measured with thoracic impedance cardiography and a plethysmographic finger arterial pressure monitoring device.

Results

None of the 40 patients complained of presyncopal symptoms during passive HUTT. However, after the administration of NTG 28 patients showed presyncopal symptoms (NTG+ group) and the remaining 12 patients did not (NTG– group). HR, CI, and the stroke index did not significantly differ between the two groups, whereas mean arterial pressure and SVR were significantly lower in the NTG+ group.

Conclusions

Presyncopal symptoms during NTG‐stimulated HUTT are SVR mediated, not cardiac output mediated. This study challenges the conventional idea of a decrease in cardiac output mediated by NTG as the overriding cause of presyncopal symptoms during HUTT.
Sexualised Music Videos Broadcast on Australian Free-to-air Television in Child-friendly Time Periods
Authors: Ey Lesley-anne , McInnes Elspeth
Published: April 2015

Although many researchers have demonstrated that music videos contain high levels of sexual connotation, none have specifically investigated music videos accessible to young children. This study analysed 405 individual music videos broadcast on Australian free-to-air television in time periods classified PG/G to identify the types and frequency of sexualised display. Results showed that these music videos contained relatively high levels of sexualised content, with particular genres and artists displaying higher levels of sexualised material. The findings indicate a need for a review of the current Australian classification system.
Literature Review: What can we learn from the Childcare and Early Education Literature?
Authors: McMahon Samantha
Published: April 2015

Samantha McMahon is a final year Social Work student who has completed her studies at Deakin University and had the unusual final fieldwork experience of being in the office of the Federal Member for Bendigo, Lisa Chesters MP, where she was able to observe political processes at work, visit Canberra and conduct a research study to inform the Australian Labor Party's interest in early childhood care and education. Lisa Chesters MP is the co-chair of the Parliamentary Friendship of Early Childhood and the secretary of the ALP Social Policy Caucus committee. The following is a review of the literature based on the research Samantha conducted. This demonstrates that we have quite a long way to go in Australia if we are to gain the benefits other countries have had from their early childhood service system.
EVERY COUNTABLE GROUP IS THE FUNDAMENTAL GROUP OF SOME COMPACT SUBSPACE OF
Authors: PRZEŹDZIECKI ADAM J.
Published: April 2015

For every countable group $G$ we construct a compact path connected subspace $K$ of $\mathbb{R}^{4}$ such that ${\it\pi}_{1}(K)\cong G$. Our construction is much simpler than the one found recently by Virk.
REFINING RECURSIVELY THE HERMITE–HADAMARD INEQUALITY ON A SIMPLEX
Authors: RAÏSSOULI MUSTAPHA , DRAGOMIR SEVER S.
Published: April 2015

In the present paper, a coupled algorithm refining recursively the Hermite–Hadamard inequality on a simplex is investigated. Our approach allows us to express the integral mean value $M_{f}$ of a convex function $f$ on a simplex as both the limit of sequences and sum of series involving iterative lower and upper bounds of $M_{f}$. Two examples of interest are discussed.
A combination of probiotics and whey proteins enhances anti-obesity effects of calcium and dairy products during nutritional energy restriction in aP2-agouti transgenic mice
Authors: Yoda Kazutoyo , Sun Xiaocum , Kawase Manabu , Kubota Akira , Miyazawa Kenji , Harata Gaku , Hosoda Masataka , Hiramatsu Masaru , He Fang , Zemel Michael B.
Published: April 2015

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillusparacasei TMC0409, Streptococcus thermophilus TMC1543 and whey proteins were used to prepare fermented milk. For the experiment aP2–agouti transgenic mice were pre-treated with a high-sucrose/high-fat diet for 6 weeks to induce obesity. The obese mice were fed a diet containing 1·2 % Ca and either non-fat dried milk (NFDM) or probiotic-fermented milk (PFM) with nutritional energy restriction for 6 weeks. The animals were examined after the treatment for changes in body weight, fat pad weight, fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity, lypolysis, the expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and skeletal muscle and the presence of biomarkers for oxidative and inflammatory stress in plasma. It was found that the PFM diet significantly reduced body weight, fat accumulation, and adipocyte FAS activity, and increased adipocyte lipolysis as compared with the effects of the NFDM diet (P< 0·05). The adipose tissue gene expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) was significantly suppressed in mice that were fed PFM as compared with those that were fed NFDM (P< 0·05). PFM caused a greater up-regulation of skeletal muscle PPARα, PPARδ, uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and GLUT4 expression and a significant decrease in the plasma concentration of insulin, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and C-reactive protein as compared with the effects of NFDM (P< 0·05). Fermentation of milk with selected probiotics and supplementation of milk with whey proteins may thus enhance anti-obesity effects of Ca and dairy products by the suppression of adipose tissue lipogenesis, activation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and reduction of oxidative and inflammatory stress.
Le paradoxe de Richard : une solution kolmogorovienne
Authors: SÉGUY-DUCLOT ALAIN
Published: April 2015

Après une étude du paradoxe de Richard, on considère plusieurs de ses solutions. On reformule ensuite le paradoxe grâce à la théorie de la complexité de Kolmogorov et on en donne une solution en partant de la démonstration par Chaitin du sens seulement relatif de la complexité de Kolmogorov.
The Donation of Zeno: St Barnabas and the Origins of the Cypriot Archbishops' Regalia Privileges
Authors: HUFFMAN JOSEPH P.
Published: April 2015

This article explores medieval and Renaissance evidence for the origins and meaning of the imperial regalia privileges exercised by the Greek archbishops of Cyprus, said to have been granted by the Emperor Zeno (c. 425–91), along with autocephaly, upon the discovery of the relics of the Apostle Barnabas. Though claimed to have existed ab antiquo, these imperial privileges in fact have their origin in the late sixteenth century and bear the characteristics of western Latin ecclesial and political thought. With the Donation of Constantine as their prototype, they bolster the case made to the Italians and the French for saving Christian Cyprus from the Turks.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Ortleppascaris sinensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from the Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis
Authors: Zhao J.H. , Wang S.S. , Tu G.J. , Zhou Y.K. , Wu X.B.
Published: April 2015

A new nematode species, Ortleppascaris sinensis sp. nov. (Ascaridoidea), is described from specimens found in the stomach and intestine of the Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis Fauvel, 1879 (Crocodilian: Alligatoridae) in the National Nature Reserve of Chinese Alligator (Chinese Crocodile Lake) in Anhui Province, China. This is the first description of O. sinensis sp. nov. in both China and this crocodile host, increasing its distribution in South Asia as well as expanding the number of helminths known to infect this crocodile. The detailed description of O. sinensis sp. nov., based on light and scanning electron microscopic examination, provides new taxonomic data for this species, and we also report sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), small subunit DNA segments (18S) and the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene.
Experimental observation of hot tail runaway electron generation in TEXTOR disruptions
Authors: Zeng L. , Koslowski H. R. , Liang Y. , Lvovskiy A. , Lehnen M. , Nicolai D. , Pearson J. , Rack M. , Denner P. , Finken K. H. , Wongrach K. ,   the TEXTOR team
Published: April 2015

Experimental evidence supporting the theory of hot tail runaway electron (RE) generation has been identified in TEXTOR disruptions. With higher temperature, more REs are generated during the thermal quench. Increasing the RE generation by increasing the temperature, an obvious RE plateau is observed even with low toroidal magnetic field (1.7 T). These results explain the previously found electron density threshold for RE generation.
Taxonomy ofCladorhizain the deep SW Atlantic:C. nicoleaesp. nov. and redescription ofC. inversa(Cladorhizidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae)
Authors: Castello-Branco Cristiana , Hestetun Jon Thomassen , Rapp Hans Tore , Hajdu Eduardo
Published: April 2015

Until now only two species ofCladorhizahave been reported from the SW Atlantic, namelyC. diminutaandC. inversa, despite a total of 39 species reported from various parts of the globe. Here we describe a new species,C. nicoleaesp. nov., dredged from 750 m depth on the continental slope off SE Brazil during the French RV ‘Marion Dufresne’ expedition in 1987. It is an erect, pedunculated and club-shaped sponge, 26 mm high and with 12 radially arranged whip-like projections (each up to 3 mm long). The new species differs from its closest relative,C. inversa(redescribed here), by its possession of sigmas and sigmancistras. The holotype ofCladorhiza inversais also a pedunculated sponge, 1.9 cm tall, with a cup-shaped body with an apical spur-like continuation of the stem and a crown of 16 projections (up to 8 mm long) radiating from the rim of the body.
John Tavener Flood of Beauty, Barbican Centre, London
Authors: Lee David
Published: April 2015

‘The East is a career’, states Mr Coningsby somewhat laconically to Lord Henry Sydney in Benjamin Disraeli's 1847 novel Tancred. This line was (perhaps more famously) employed as an epigram by Edward Said in his Orientalism, which made a prescient and penetrating historical critique of the West's portrayal of Asian and Middle Eastern cultures as exotic ‘others’.
Metal Wood Skin: The Colin Currie Percussion Festival, Southbank Centre, London
Authors: Harper Adam
Published: April 2015

‘THE PERCUSSION UNIVERSE OF AXEL BORUP-JØRGENSEN’: Solo; Music for percussion + viola; La Primavera; Periphrasis; Winter Music. Gert Mortensen (perc.), Percurama Percussion Ensemble, Tim Frederiksen (vla), Duo Crossfire, Michala Petri (rec.), DNSO Brass Quintet. OUR Recordings
Optimising Feeder Routing for Container Ships through an Electronic Chart Display and Information System
Authors: Zhang Xin-Yu , Ji Ming-Jun , Yao Shun , Chen Xiang
Published: April 2015

Large container ships can only be berthed in hub ports with deep water, which requires a feeder ship service to transit and transport containers from the hub ports. This paper presents a feeder routing optimisation method for container ships through an intelligent Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). ECDIS has been adopted to design routes and calculate the estimated time of arrival in two ports, and a mixed integer programming model is established for container vessel regional transportation where the shortest ship sailing time is designated as the objective function. In this paper, through using heuristic tour-route coding, the solution of the model based on genetic algorithms is presented to select ship capacities and routes simultaneously. Taking the Pearl River in China as an example, for different types of vessel capacity, vessel costs and fuel costs, 100 TEU and 150 TEU ship capacities with six optimal routes are selected to minimise sailing time and operating costs.
Pericarp structure of Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach (Asteraceae) cypselae controls water uptake during germination
Authors: Puglia Giuseppe , Grimaldi Simona , Carta Angelino , Pavone Pietro , Toorop Peter
Published: April 2015

Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach is a common Mediterranean weed producing distinctive central and peripheral dormant cypselae with a hard fruit coat, which was previously hypothesized to impose physical dormancy. Analysis of water uptake in cypselae and in naked seeds showed that it preferentially takes place at the basal end of the fruit; however, seeds within an intact pericarp do not fully imbibe when compared with naked seeds. Germination was not significantly different between the two heteromorphs, and afterripening or cold stratification did not increase germination, while warm stratification at 35/20°C, as revealed by logistic regression, resulted in a significant improvement. However, loss of viability was also rapid at these high temperatures. Central and peripheral cypselae generally showed very low germination. In both heteromorphs, faster and higher germination (60–70%) was reached only after extensive scarification of pericarp tissue, and full germination was observed only after complete removal of pericarp tissue. Although the pericarp significantly reduced water uptake, no palisade layer(s) of macrosclereids could be observed. Xylem-vessel elements were found running through the basal end of the pericarp and forming the main point of water entry. We reject the hypothesis that G. coronaria cypselae have physical dormancy. Instead, water uptake and germination are impeded by: (1) directed water uptake, mainly through a pericarp-spanning channel-like structure; and (2) mechanical constraint on embryo growth exerted by the hard pericarp. The channel-like structure forms the principal system for controlling seed germination.
On the Cheap: TheBaratilloMarketplace and the Shadow Economy of Eighteenth-Century Mexico City
Authors: Konove Andrew
Published: April 2015

Upon leaving office in 1716, the Duke of Linares, the viceroy of New Spain, warned his successor of a particularly vexing issue: the question of what to do about Mexico City's Baratillo marketplace. “There is in the Plaza of Mexico,” he wrote, “a traffic prohibited by law or decree that is so problematic that ending it has been a great challenge for me, being that what is stolen [in the city] is sold there, only disguised.” Hipólito Villarroel, writing his treatise about the decadence of Mexico City more than a half-century later, was no more sparing in his description of the market. He referred to it as the “cave or depository for the thieving committed by artisans, maids, and servants, and, in sum, all the plebeians—Indians, mulattos, and the othercastas—that are permitted to inhabit this city.” The market was even the subject of a book-length satirical manuscript, written in 1754. Pedro Anselmo Chreslos Jache's unpublished “Ordenanzas del Baratillo” is a legal code for a world turned upside down, where the mixed-race castas reigned and Spaniards were ostracized, and where “four thousand vagabonds” congregated every day to be instructed by “doctors in the faculty of trickery.”
Bildung und Sucht: Eine explorative Untersuchung im Rahmen der Deutschen Suchthilfestatistik
Authors: Brand Hanna , Steppan Martin , Künzel Jutta , Pfeiffer-Gerschel Tim
Published: April 2015

Fragestellung: Bildung stellt einen wesentlichen Faktor für das Gesundheitsverhalten dar. Während hohe Bildung als protektiver Faktor für die Gesundheit gesehen wird, scheint niedrige Bildung mit gesundheitsriskanterem Verhalten verbunden zu sein. Substanzkonsum gilt als eine dieser gesundheitsschädlichen Verhaltensweisen. Klienten aus ambulanten und stationären Suchthilfeeinrichtungen werden hinsichtlich ihres Bildungsstatus und den Hauptdiagnosen untersucht, um der Frage nachzugehen, inwieweit sich diese Zusammenhänge auch innerhalb der untersuchten Population widerspiegeln. Als globales Maß wird dabei der Zusammenhang zwischen Bildungsstand und Behandlungserfolg betrachtet. Methodik: Datengrundlage bilden die Routinedaten der Deutschen Suchthilfestatistik (DSHS) 2010, zwei Sonderauswertungen der DSHS sowie der Mikrozensus der deutschen Bevölkerung 2010. Innerhalb der DSHS-Daten werden zwei Gruppen (hoch und niedrig gebildete Personen) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung zeigt sich in der DSHS ein höherer Anteil von Personen mit niedrigem Bildungsstand. Innerhalb der untersuchten Population weisen Personen mit niedrigem Bildungsstand häufiger Hauptdiagnosen im Bereich illegaler Substanzen auf, während bei Personen mit hohem Bildungsstand Hauptdiagnosen im Bereich legaler Substanzen häufiger sind. Ein hohes Bildungsniveau ist zudem mit besseren Behandlungsergebnissen und geringeren Behandlungsabbrüchen assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse sprechen für Bildung als wichtigen Faktor im Zusammenhang mit Substanzabhängigkeit. Unterschiede in der Bildungsverteilung innerhalb der Hauptdiagnosegruppen sowie Unterschiede im Verlauf und Ergebnis der Behandlung in Abhängigkeit des Bildungsstandes erweisen sich hier als bedeutsam für die Versorgung von Personen in Einrichtungen der Suchthilfe.
Polyubiquitin chain-dependent protein degradation in TRIM30 cytoplasmic bodies
Authors: Choi Un Yung , Choi Won Young , Hur Ji Yeon , Kim Young-Joon
Published: April 2015

Viral infection induces numerous tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins to control antiviral immune signaling and viral replication. Particularly, SPRY-containing TRIM proteins are found only in vertebrates and they control target protein degradation by their RING-finger and SPRY domains, and proper cytoplasmic localization. To understand TRIM30 function, we analyzed its localization pattern and putative roles of its RING-finger and SPRY domains. We found that TRIM30 is located in actin-mediated cytoplasmic bodies and produces colocalized ubiquitin chains in SPRY domain- and RING-finger domain-dependent ways that are degraded by autophagy and the proteasome. These results suggest a TRIM protein-dependent degradation mechanism by cytoplasmic body formation with actin networks.
Foxp1-mediated programming of limb-innervating motor neurons from mouse and human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Adams Katrina L. , Rousso David L. , Umbach Joy A. , Novitch Bennett G.
Published: April 2015

Spinal motor neurons (MNs) control diverse motor tasks including respiration, posture and locomotion that are disrupted by neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. Methods directing MN differentiation from stem cells have been developed to enable disease modelling in vitro. However, most protocols produce only a limited subset of endogenous MN subtypes. Here we demonstrate that limb-innervating lateral motor column (LMC) MNs can be efficiently generated from mouse and human embryonic stem cells through manipulation of the transcription factor Foxp1. Foxp1-programmed MNs exhibit features of medial and lateral LMC MNs including expression of specific motor pool markers and axon guidance receptors. Importantly, they preferentially project axons towards limb muscle explants in vitro and distal limb muscles in vivo upon transplantation–hallmarks of bona fide LMC MNs. These results present an effective approach for generating specific MN populations from stem cells for studying MN development and disease.
Reconstitution and structure of a bacterial Pnkp1–Rnl–Hen1 RNA repair complex
Authors: Wang Pei , Selvadurai Kiruthika , Huang Raven H.
Published: April 2015

Ribotoxins cleave essential RNAs for cell killing, and RNA repair neutralizes the damage inflicted by ribotoxins for cell survival. Here we report a new bacterial RNA repair complex that performs RNA repair linked to immunity. This new RNA repair complex is a 270-kDa heterohexamer composed of three proteins—Pnkp1, Rnl and Hen1—that are required to repair ribotoxin-cleaved RNA in vitro. The crystal structure of the complex reveals the molecular architecture of the heterohexamer as two rhomboid-shaped ring structures of Pnkp1–Rnl–Hen1 heterotrimer fused at the Pnkp1 dimer interface. The four active sites required for RNA repair are located on the inner rim of each ring. The architecture and the locations of the active sites of the Pnkp1–Rnl–Hen1 heterohexamer suggest an ordered series of repair reactions at the broken RNA ends that confer immunity to recurrent damage.
Selective enrichment of metal-binding proteins based on magnetic core/shell microspheres functionalized with metal cations
Authors: Fang Caiyun , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xiaoqin , Lu Haojie
Published: April 2015

A new method based on magnetic microspheres with metal ions was developed and applied to characterize putative metal binding proteins.
A fluorescence polarization immunoassay method for detection of the bisphenol A residue in environmental water samples based on a monoclonal antibody and 4′-(aminomethyl)fluorescein
Authors: Huang Pinong , Zhao Suqing , Eremin Sergei A. , Zheng Shengwu , Lai Dan , Chen Yingshan , Guo Bin
Published: April 2015

A homogeneous fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was developed to detect bisphenol A in environmental water samples.
Photocatalytic multiphase micro-droplet reactors based on complex coacervation
Authors: Lv Kangle , Perriman Adam W. , Mann Stephen
Published: April 2015

Spontaneous sequestration of TiO2 nanosheets within coacervate micro-droplets is used to prepare membrane-free liquid multiphase micro-reactors with photocatalytic activity.
Benzofurocarbazole and benzothienocarbazole as donors for improved quantum efficiency in blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent devices
Authors: Lee Dong Ryun , Hwang Seok-Ho , Jeon Sang Kyu , Lee Chil Won , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: April 2015

Benzofurocarbazole and benzothienocarbazole were used as electron donors of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and the performances of the TADF devices were examined.
Efficient room temperature aqueous Sb2S3 synthesis for inorganic–organic sensitized solar cells with 5.1% efficiencies
Authors: Gödel Karl C. , Choi Yong Chan , Roose Bart , Sadhanala Aditya , Snaith Henry J. , Seok Sang Il , Steiner Ullrich , Pathak Sandeep K.
Published: April 2015

A room-temperature aqueous chemical bath deposition technique of Sb2S3 for the manufacture of sensitized solar cells is presented, yielding power conversion efficiencies of up to 5.1%.
Expansion of metal-redox nanosynthesis: the case study of iron gallium
Authors: Kirkeminde Alec , Ren Shenqiang
Published: April 2015

A novel metal-redox methodology is utilized for the synthesis of magnetic FeGa nanoalloys for the first time.
Synthesis of high contrast fluorescein-diethers for rapid bench-top sensing of palladium
Authors: Kitley Weston R. , Santa Maria Peter J. , Cloyd Ryan A. , Wysocki Laura M.
Published: April 2015

Fluorescein diether palladium sensors with negligible background fluorescence and rapid reaction have been synthesized, detecting low concentrations in minutes.
Tailoring highly branched poly(β-amino ester)s: a synthetic platform for epidermal gene therapy
Authors: Huang Jian-Yuan , Gao Yongsheng , Cutlar Lara , O'Keeffe-Ahern Jonathan , Zhao Tianyu , Lin Feng-Huei , Zhou Dezhong , McMahon Sean , Greiser Udo , Wang Wei , Wang Wenxin
Published: April 2015

Highly branched poly(β-amino ester)s were synthesised for safer and more efficient gene delivery to human keratinocytes than commercial transfection reagents.
Structural insights into the hexamorphic system of an isoniazid derivative
Authors: Hean D. , Gelbrich T. , Griesser U. J. , Michael J. P. , Lemmerer A.
Published: April 2015

The compound isonicotinic acid (E)-(1-phenylethylidene)hydrazide exists in 6 different structural forms isolated through complex manipulations on a Kofler hot stage.
Tuning the magnetic properties of Co-ferrite nanoparticles through the 1,2-hexadecanediol concentration in the reaction mixture
Authors: Moya Carlos , Morales María del Puerto , Batlle Xavier , Labarta Amílcar
Published: April 2015

This work reports on the effect of the 1,2-hexadecanediol content on the structural and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition of metal–organic precursors in 1-octadecene.
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets
Authors: Chhowalla Manish , Liu Zhongfan , Zhang Hua
Published: April 2015

Guest editors Manish Chhowalla, Zhongfan Liu and Hua Zhang introduce the Two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) Nanosheets issue of Chemical Society Reviews
Homopolar dihydrogen bonding in main group hydrides: discovery, consequences, and applications
Authors: Wolstenholme David J. , Dobson Jessica L. , McGrady G. Sean
Published: April 2015

This perspective describes the recent discovery and investigation of homopolar dihydrogen bonding, and focuses on the identification and characterisation of hydride–hydride interactions in compounds of the main group elements.
Selective B–B bond activation in an unsymmetrical diborane(4) by [(Me3P)4Rh–X] (X = Me, OtBu): a switch of mechanism?
Authors: Borner C. , Brandhorst K. , Kleeberg C.
Published: April 2015

The unsymmetrical diborane(4) pinB–B((MeN)2(C6H4)) reacts with [(Me3P)4Rh–X] (X = Me, OtBu) giving predominantly either [(Me3P)4Rh–Bpin] or [(Me3P)3Rh–B((MeN)2(C6H4))] depending on X. At low temperatures in the presence of excess PMe3 the unprecedented equatorial boryl complex [(Me3P)4Rh–B((MeN)2(C6H4))] is formed.
A potential gradient along the layer-by-layer architecture for electron transfer rectification
Authors: Imaoka Takane , Kobayashi Hiroki , Katsurayama Makoto , Yamamoto Kimihisa
Published: April 2015

Potential gradient along a phenylazomethine dendrimer structure can control favorable electron transfer direction.
Palladium(ii) complexes with electron-poor, 4,5-disubstituted diimidazol-2-ylidene ligands: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity
Authors: Pinter Piermaria , Biffis Andrea , Tubaro Cristina , Tenne Mario , Kaliner Maria , Strassner Thomas
Published: April 2015

Palladium(ii) complexes with N-heterocyclic dicarbene ligands featuring electron-withdrawing substituents have been prepared and tested as catalysts in alkyne hydroarylations.
Highly efficient regioselective synthesis of pyrroles via a tandem enamine formation–Michael addition–cyclization sequence under catalyst- and solvent-free conditions
Authors: Vivekanand Thavaraj , Vinoth Perumal , Agieshkumar B. , Sampath Natarajan , Sudalai Arumugam , Menéndez J. Carlos , Sridharan Vellaisamy
Published: April 2015

An efficient three-component, catalyst-, solvent-, and column chromatography-free procedure was developed for the synthesis of 3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)indolin-2-ones.
Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-nitrating mixture complex (PVP-NM): solid nitrating mixture equivalent for safe and efficient aromatic nitration
Authors: Surya Prakash G. K. , Gurung Laxman , Glinton Kevin E. , Belligund Kavita , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A.
Published: April 2015

PVP-NM prepared from poly(4-vinylpyridine) and nitrating mixture (1 : 1 mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4) is a safe and effective nitrating agent for both activated and deactivated arenes under mild conditions. The polymer can be retrieved and reused without losing the efficacy.
Cyclopentyl methyl ether–NH4X: a novel solvent/catalyst system for low impact acetalization reactions
Authors: Azzena Ugo , Carraro Massimo , Mamuye Ashenafi Damtew , Murgia Irene , Pisano Luisa , Zedde Giuseppe
Published: April 2015

Cyclopentyl methyl ether and ammonium salts provide an environmentally friendly reaction medium for the synthesis of acetals.
Efficient bromination of olefins, alkynes, and ketones with dimethyl sulfoxide and hydrobromic acid
Authors: Song Song , Li Xinwei , Sun Xiang , Yuan Yizhi , Jiao Ning
Published: April 2015

An efficient approach for the bromination of olefins, alkynes and ketones by using the simple DMSO/HBr system has been developed.
Droplet-in-oil array for picoliter-scale analysis based on sequential inkjet printing
Authors: Sun Yingnan , Chen Xiaodong , Zhou Xiaoguang , Zhu Jinbiao , Yu Yude
Published: April 2015

We introduce a new model to describe the multiple printing procedure implemented by the inkjet printing approach. This non-contact and sequential picoliter droplet printing technology is named as sequential inkjet printing.
Mechanical tuning of conductance and thermopower in helicene molecular junctions
Authors: Vacek Jaroslav , Chocholoušová Jana Vacek , Stará Irena G. , Starý Ivo , Dubi Yonatan
Published: April 2015

The unique spring-like helical structure of Helicenes can be used to control the transport and thermopower of helicene-based molecular junctions and lead to enhanced thermoelectric efficiency.
Organocatalytic regioselective asymmetric Michael addition of azlactones to o-hydroxy chalcone derivatives
Authors: Zhang Shao-Yun , Ruan Gui-Yu , Geng Zhi-Cong , Li Nai-Kai , Lv Ming , Wang Yong , Wang Xing-Wang
Published: April 2015

Regio- and enantio-selective Michael addition between azlactones with o-hydroxy chalcone derivatives is reported. Optically active N,O-aminals are obtained in good yields with good to excellent diastereo- and enantio-selectivities.
Indium-catalyzed oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of chromenes with 1,3-dicarbonyls and aryl rings
Authors: Li Fanmei , Meng Zhilin , Hua Jing , Li Wei , Lou Hongxiang , Liu Lei
Published: April 2015

An efficient indium-catalyzed oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of chromenes with 1,3-dicarbonyls and aryl rings promoted by DDQ was described.
Synthetic studies toward the brasilinolides: controlled assembly of a protected C1–C38 polyol based on fragment union by complex aldol reactions
Authors: Paterson Ian , Housden Michael P. , Cordier Christopher J. , Burton Paul M. , Mühlthau Friedrich A. , Loiseleur Olivier
Published: April 2015

A modular strategy for the synthesis of the immunosuppressant macrolide brasilinolide A was adopted based on coupling suitable northern and southern fragments.
Direct access to functionalized benzotropones, azepanes, and piperidines by reductive cross-coupling of α-bromo enones with α-bromo enamides
Authors: Beng Timothy K. , Sincavage Kayla , Silaire Ann Wens V. , Alwali Amir , Bassler Daniel P. , Spence Laura E. , Beale Oliver
Published: April 2015

High-yielding syntheses of functionalized azepenes and piperidines, bearing an α-benzotropone derivative, have been achieved through cobalt-catalysed reductive cross-coupling of α-bromo enamides with α-bromo enones.
Poly(lactide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-ε-decalactone)-block-poly(lactide) copolymer elastomers
Authors: Schneiderman Deborah K. , Hill Erin M. , Martello Mark T. , Hillmyer Marc A.
Published: April 2015

The midblock composition of poly(lactide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-ε-decalactone)-block-poly(lactide) is used to tune block polymer melting point, crystallinity, segregation strength and tensile properties.
Polymerization in ionic liquid-based microemulsions
Authors: Yuan Chao , Guo Jiangna , Si Zhihong , Yan Feng
Published: April 2015

Recent developments of polymerization in ionic liquid-based microemulsions and its applications are reviewed, along with the perspectives and challenges.
Preparation and characterization of ferromagnetic nickel oxide nanoparticles from three different precursors: application in drug delivery
Authors: Adhikary Jaydeep , Chakraborty Prateeti , Das Balaram , Datta Arnab , Dash Sandeep Kumar , Roy Somenath , Chen Jeng-Wei , Chattopadhyay Tanmay
Published: April 2015

Erythromycin conjugated NiO-NPs successfully deliver erythromycin toE. coliandS. aureusevidenced from MIC, MBC, DAD and drug uptake.
Plasma metabonomic analysis reveals the effects of salvianic acid on alleviating acute alcoholic liver damage
Authors: Yang Yongxia , Han Zhihui , Wang Yaling , Wang Linlin , Pan Sina , Liang Shengwang , Wang Shumei
Published: April 2015

This study analysed acute alcohol-induced metabolic changes and explored the metabolic regulation mechanism of SA treatment by using 1H NMR-based metabonomics.
Supported ionic liquid [Bmim]FeCl4/Am TiO2 as an efficient catalyst for the catalytic oxidative desulfurization of fuels
Authors: Xun Suhang , Zhu Wenshuai , Zheng Dan , Li Hongping , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ming , Qin Yuejiao , Zhao Zhen , Li Huaming
Published: April 2015

Supported ionic liquid catalyst [Bmim]FeCl4/Am TiO2 was synthesized and showed excellent desulfurization efficiency and reuseable performance in the ECODS system.
Removal of Pb(ii) from aqueous solution by mesoporous silica MCM-41 modified by ZnCl2: kinetics, thermodynamics, and isotherms
Authors: Raji Foad , Saraeian Alireza , Pakizeh Majid , Attarzadeh Faridreza
Published: April 2015

ZnCl2-MCM-41 introduced itself as a high performance sorbent for Pb(ii) removal.
Dissociative ionization and Coulomb explosion of ethyl bromide under a near-infrared intense femtosecond laser field
Authors: Teng Chong , Wu Hua , Zhang Jian , Yang Yan , Jia Tianqing , Zhang Shian , Sun Zhenrong
Published: April 2015

The dissociation pathways for H2 and H2+ elimination from the parent ions C2H5Br+ and C2H5Br2+ are theoretically and experimentally demonstrated.
Morphology adjustment of one dimensional CeO2nanostructures via calcination and their composite with Au nanoparticles towards enhanced catalysis
Authors: Liu Yunshi , Chen Hsueh-Shih , Li Jia , Yang Ping
Published: April 2015

1D CeO2nanostructures with various morphologies and their composites with Au nanoparticles were fabricatedviaelectrospinning and a subsequent calcination process.
Utilization of carbon dioxide to build a basic block for polymeric materials: an isocyanate-free route to synthesize a soluble oligourea
Authors: Ying Zhong , Zhao Lijun , Zhang Chao , Yu Yancun , Liu Tong , Cheng Haiyang , Zhao Fengyu
Published: April 2015

A water soluble oligourea was synthesized by an isocyanate-free route from carbon dioxide and diamine through a green process, which may have wide applications in the macromolecule field as a building block.
Ab initio studies of electric field gradients and magnetic properties of uranium dipnicties
Authors: Ghasemikhah E. , Jalali Asadabadi S. , Ahmad Iftikhar , Yazdani-Kacoei M.
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we explore the electric field gradients (EFGs) at 238U sites for antiferromagnetic UX2 (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) dipnicties using LDA, LDA + U, GGA, GGA + U, and EECE schemes in the presence of spin–orbit coupling.
Thermo-responsive triblock copolymer micelles containing PEG6000 for either water-soluble or water-insoluble drug sustained release and treatment
Authors: Fu Jun , Lv Xinyi , Qiu Liyan
Published: April 2015

Thermo-responsive micelles containing PEG6000 for indomethacin and doxorubicin hydrochloride sustained release.
Single-step label-free hepatitis B virus detection by a piezoelectric biosensor
Authors: Giamblanco Nicoletta , Conoci Sabrina , Russo Dario , Marletta Giovanni
Published: April 2015

Probe densityvs.genome recognition selectivity.
Nanocellular and needle-like structures in poly(l-lactic acid) using spherulite templates and supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Li Junsong , He Guangjian , Liao Xia , Xu Hao , Yang Qi , Li Guangxian
Published: April 2015

The random nanocells and the radial needle-like cells are formed in the interlamellar amorphous regions of spherulites in PLLA.
Anchoring nano-sulfur on flat graphene as cathode material for lithium–sulfur battery
Authors: Li Bin , Li Songmei , Liu Jianhua , Xu Jingjing
Published: April 2015

Nano-sulfur/flat graphene was synthesized by a hydrothermal method assisted by addition of CTAB for high performance lithium–sulfur battery.
Solar light sensitive samarium-doped ceria photocatalysts: microwave synthesis, characterization and photodegradation of Acid Orange 7 at atmospheric conditions and in the absence of any oxidizing agents
Authors: Mandal Bappaditya , Mondal Aparna
Published: April 2015

A microwave synthesized Sm3+-doped CeO2 photocatalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activities for degrading Acid Orange 7 under sunlight only over a broad pH range.
Preparation of polybenzoxazole nanofibers by a downsizing process
Authors: Ifuku S. , Maeta H. , Izawa H. , Morimoto M. , Saimoto H.
Published: April 2015

Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) nanofibers were prepared from commercially available PBO fiber by a simple downsizing process for the first time.
Development of a novel polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane with antibacterial activity and high flux containing halloysite nanotubes loaded with lysozyme
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Liu Chuochuo , Liu Jindun , Zhang Yatao
Published: April 2015

In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used to immobilize lysozyme via a covalent binding reaction.
Psychological tactile sensor structure based on piezoelectric nanowire cell arrays
Authors: Jeong Yeri , Sim Minkyung , Shin Jeong Hee , Choi Ji-Woong , Sohn Jung Inn , Cha Seung Nam , Choi Hongsoo , Moon Cheil , Jang Jae Eun
Published: April 2015

To produce artificial psychological feeling, especially ‘pain’, an electrical structure that mimics human skin has been studied.
Assembling mono-, di- and tri-nuclear coordination complexes with a ditopic analogue of 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine: syntheses, structures and catalytic studies
Authors: Yin Zhiwei , Zhang Guoqi , Phoenix Tonya , Zheng Shengping , Fettinger James C.
Published: April 2015

Diverse metal assemblies based on a ditopic analogue of 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine are structurally characterized and applied for catalytic aerobic alcohol oxidation.