bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does simultaneous versus individual‐arch at‐home dental bleaching regimen influence patient satisfaction? A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Carneiro Taynara S. , Favoreto Michael W. , Centenaro Gabrielle G. , Carneiro Otavio S. , Crovador Cleyson J. , Stanislawczuk Rodrigo , Reis Alessandra , Loguercio Alessandro D.
Published: September 2022

Objective

Our randomized, parallel and single‐blinded clinical trial evaluated patient level of discomfort during at‐home bleaching testing the equivalence between two different protocols for the use of bleaching trays (simultaneous vs. single arch), as well as tooth sensitivity (TS), gingival irritation, (GI) and bleaching efficacy (BE).

Materials and Methods

We randomized 100 patients into: simultaneous (n = 50) and single arch (n = 50). At‐home bleaching was performed with 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for 2 weeks for simultaneous group and 4 weeks for single arch group. We assessed patient level of discomfort using 9‐item questionnaire. The TS and GI, as well as BE using spectrophotometer and color guide were assessed using the visual analog scale (0–10). Data from level of discomfort and BE were evaluated by Student's t test. The TS and GI were compared using the relative risk and confidence interval (α = 0.05).

Results

Only tray adaptation showed a significant effect after the second week (p < 0.002). There was equivalence between groups for level of discomfort (p < 0.01). We found no significant intergroup differences for the risk of TS or GI, nor for intensity. We observed no significant differences between them regarding bleaching efficacy (p > 0.21).

Conclusions

A simultaneous‐use protocol for customized at‐home dental bleaching trays proved to be equivalent to using single arch for patient level of discomfort and bleaching efficacy, with no significant increase in adverse effects.

Clinical Significance

Clinicians may decide whether to use a simultaneous or single arch protocol for tray usage; however, bleaching was achieved more quickly when the trays were worn simultaneously.
Use of oral chemotherapeutic agent, chlorambucil, as palliative treatment of thryoid adenocarcinoma in a golden‐headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)
Authors: Kruse Tamara N. , Coke Rob L.
Published: September 2022

This case report describes the use of chlorambucil in a 7.5‐year‐old golden‐headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) as palliative therapy for thyroid adenocarcinoma. Treatment was initiated at 0.1 mg/kg orally once daily. No physical abnormalities or substantial changes in complete blood cell counts and thyroid hormone levels from serial samples were detected.
Context‐sensitive thinking influences judgments of expected satiation from combinations of foods: The role of individual and cultural variations
Authors: Cheon Bobby K. , Lee Li Ling , Lee Albert , Sim Aaron Y.
Published: September 2022

Prior research has suggested the influence of thinking styles in judgments of foods, with individual and cultural differences. Here, we tested whether context sensitivity may influence judgments of a food's basic characteristics (e.g., expected satiation) in the presence of other foods in the surrounding context. Given their greater sensitivity to contextual information, participants from Singapore (compared with the USA) perceived central/focal food items as more satiating when surrounded by other foods that were low (vs. high) in expected satiation—a tendency positively correlated with measures of holistic and interdependent thinking styles (Study 1). Judgments of a central food were influenced by the foods surrounding it when participants had been experimentally primed into  high context sensitivity (vs. low context sensitivity) (Study 2). These findings reveal that context‐sensitivity may contribute to the emergence of individual and cultural diversity in consumers' perceptions and judgments about multiple foods that are encountered together.

Practical Applications

Although context sensitivity is well known for its implications on perceptions and judgments, rarely has it been extended to judgments of food—a domain of everyday life with numerous health implications. We demonstrate how context sensitivity may guide food judgments in the presence of multiple discrete food items in the surrounding context (e.g., a multi‐food meal or display). We show that context sensitivity, both as a tendency that varies across cultures and as a situationally malleable style of cognition, may lead to evaluations of a focal food item in a group being influenced by perceived characteristics of surrounding foods. Given its cultural variance and situational malleability, context sensitivity may be a promising consumer‐oriented target when designing food‐related environments (e.g., food displays or mealscapes), especially in cultures which place greater emphasis on contextual information as a routine in daily thought.
Ultrasonography screening in children and adolescents who have one parent with familial non‐medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Rosario Pedro W , Mourão Gabriela F
Published: September 2022

Aim

To evaluate ultrasonography (US) screening for thyroid cancer in children and adolescents who have one parent with familial non‐medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) unrelated to known genetic syndromes.

Methods

In this prospective study, we selected 72 children and adolescents (age ≤18 years) without a palpable thyroid nodule or history of radiation exposure, but who have one parent diagnosed with FNMTC (i.e. at least one other affected first‐degree relative). The children and adolescents were evaluated by US during initial assessment and after 5 years.

Results

Initial US revealed pure cysts in five participants and nodules in seven, which were ≥5 mm in five. These patients were submitted to fine needle aspiration, which revealed benign cytology in four and a follicular lesion of undetermined significance in one. Fine needle aspiration was repeated in the last case and in one case with benign cytology but suspicious US. The second cytology was benign in both cases. After 5 years, another two participants with initially normal US had nodules <5 mm in the absence of suspicious findings. The frequency of lesions detected by US was not associated with participant sex or age, number of relatives with thyroid cancer (2 or 3), maternal or paternal origin of tumour, or age of the relatives at diagnosis.

Conclusion

The present results suggest that US screening is not necessary in children or adolescents when one parent has a diagnosis of FNMTC (≥2 affected relatives).
DNA metabarcoding suggests adaptive seasonal variation of individual trophic traits in a critically endangered fish
Authors: Villsen Kurt , Corse Emmanuel , Meglécz Emese , Archambaud‐Suard Gaït , Vignes Hélène , Ereskovsky Alexander V. , Chappaz Rémi , Dubut Vincent
Published: September 2022

Dietary studies are critical for understanding foraging strategies and have important applications in conservation and habitat management. We applied a robust metabarcoding protocol to characterize the diet of the critically endangered freshwater fish Zingel asper (the Rhone streber). We conducted modelling and simulation analyses to identify and characterize some of the drivers of individual trophic trait variation in this species. We found that population density and ontogeny had minor effects on the trophic niche of Z. asper. Instead, our results suggest that the majority of trophic niche variation was driven by seasonal variation in ecological opportunity. The total trophic niche width of Z. asper seasonally expanded to include a broader range of prey. Furthermore, null model simulations revealed that the increase of between‐individual variation in autumn indicates that Z. asper become more opportunistic relative to summer and spring, rather than being associated with a seasonal specialization of individuals. Overall, our results suggest an adaptive variation of individual trophic traits in Z. asper: the species mainly consumes a few ephemeropteran taxa (Baetis fuscatus and Ecdyonurus) but seems to be capable of adapting its foraging strategy to maintain its body condition. This study illustrates how metabarcoding data obtained from faeces can be validated and combined with individual‐based modelling and simulation approaches to explore inter‐ and intrapopulational individual trophic traits variation and to test hypotheses in the conventional analytic framework of trophic ecology.
Sagittal Parameters of Spine‐Pelvis‐Hip Joints in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Xu Shuai , Guo Chen , Liang Yan , Zhu Zhenqi , Liu Haiying
Published: September 2022

Objective

To explore sagittal compensation characteristics, including extra spinal‐pelvic parameters and distal hip parameters, for analysis in middle‐aged to the older patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) without spinal deformity and clarify the fitting relationship between the main sagittal parameters.

Methods

This retrospective single‐center study included 205 patients with LSS in our department from January 2016 to December 2018, including 153 women (74.6%), with an average age of 67.6 ± 7.1 years. Sagittal parameters were obtained on the whole spinal lateral radiograph. Spinal parameters include thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), and lumbar lordosis (LL). Pelvic parameters include pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS). Hip parameters include pelvic rotation (PR) and hip inclination angle (HIA). Spine‐pelvic parameter is spino‐sacral angle (SSA). Sagittal balance parameter is sagittal vertical axis (SVA). PI‐LL, PT, SVA, HIA, and TLK were regarded as primary results, and the others were secondary outcomes. The independent sample t‐test was used to compare gender. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between primary results and secondary results. We take PI‐LL, PT, SVA, and TLK as dependent variables and include relevant factors for analysis.

Results

In the case of gender, PI, PI‐LL, and PT were found smaller in men than women, but TK is greater in men than women (27.3° ± 6.1° vs 23.3° ± 7.7°, p = 0.033). PI‐LL was positively correlated with PT (r = 0.608, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HIA (r = −0.193, p = 0.010); PT was negatively correlated with HIA (r = −0.289, p < 0.01). As to the relationship between primary and secondary results, HIA was positively correlated with SS and PR (p < 0.01). SVA was positively correlated with SSA (r = 0.341, p = 0.010). The positive influencing factors and risk factors of SVA were SSA, and PI‐LL played a negative regulatory role through proximal TK, the distal PT plays a positive regulatory role. The regulation of PI‐LL was compensated through both TK and PT, with a fitting relationship of PI‐LL = 0.5 × PT − 0.2 × TK.

Conclusion

There was a close interaction among spine‐pelvic‐hip sagittal parameters. We found the matching of PI‐LL in the domestic middle‐aged and elderly LSS population is regulated by thoracic spine and pelvis.
Biomechanical Characteristics of the Femoral Isthmus during Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Adult Osteoporosis and Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Sun Jianzhong , Zhang Rupeng , Liu Shenghang , Zhao Yuqi , Mao Genwen , Bian Weiguo
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of high fracture incidence in the femoral isthmus from a biomechanical perspective.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed a total of 923 primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients and 355 osteoporosis (OP) patients admitted from January 2010 to January 2018. Through a series of screening conditions, 47 patients from each group were selected for inclusion in the study. The datasets on the unaffected side and affected side of the patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (uDDH) were respectively classified as the normal group (Group I) and he tDDH group (Group II), and that of patients with osteoporosis were classified as the OP group (Group III). In this study, first, we collected computed tomography (CT) images and measured geometric parameters (inner and outer diameters) of the isthmus. Thereafter, to study biomechanical properties, we established six finite element models and calculated values of von Mises stress for each group with the methods of data conversion and grid processing.

Results

Compared with those of patients in the normal group, the values of the inner and outer diameters of femoral isthmus of patients in the DDH group were significantly lower (P < 0.001), while the inner diameters of patients in the OP group were significantly higher (P < 0.001) and the outer diameters of patients in the OP group showed no significant difference (P> 0.05). The cortical rates of patients in the normal group and the DDH group appeared insignificant (P > 0.05), and those of patients in normal group were significantly higher than those of patients in the OP group (P < 0.001). Moreover, patients in the DDH group showed a higher von Mises stress value than patients in the normal group (P < 0.001), but statistically speaking the values between patients in the OP and normal groups were insignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The relatively shorter inner and outer diameters of the isthmus in DDH resulted in intensive von Mises stress under the torque of the hip location, and induced a high fracture incidence. However, in patients in the OP group, the geometric morphology exhibited no anatomical variation, and the fracture was not due to the intensity of von Mises stress.
HOP1 and HOP2 are involved in salt tolerance by facilitating the brassinosteroid‐related nucleo‐cytoplasmic partitioning of the HSP90‐BIN2 complex
Authors: Zhang Kaiyue , Duan Meijie , Zhang Limin , Li Jinge , Shan Lele , Zheng Lina , Liu Jian
Published: September 2022

The co‐chaperone heat shock protein (HSP)70‐HSP90 organizing protein (HOP) is involved in plant thermotolerance. However, its function in plant salinity tolerance was not yet studied. We found that Arabidopsis HOP1 and HOP2 play critical roles in salt tolerance by affecting the nucleo‐cytoplasmic partitioning of HSP90 and brassinosteroid‐insensitive 2 (BIN2). A hop1/2 double mutant was hypersensitive to salt‐stress. Interestingly, this sensitivity was remedied by exogenous brassinolide application, while the application of brassinazole impeded growth of both wild‐type (WT) and hop1/2 plants under normal and salt stress conditions. This suggested that the insufficient brassinosteroid (BR) content was responsible for the salt‐sensitivity of hop1/2. After WT was transferred to salt stress conditions, HOP1/2, BIN2 and HSP90 accumulated in the nucleus, brassinazole‐resistant 1 (BZR1) was phosphorylated and accumulated in the cytoplasm, and BR content significantly increased. This initial response resulted in dephosphorylation of BZR1 and BR response. This dynamic regulation of BR content was impeded in salt‐stressed hop1/2. Thus, we propose that HOP1 and HOP2 are involved in salt tolerance by affecting BR signalling.
Are climate activists protected by the Aarhus Convention? A note on Article 3(8) Aarhus Convention and the new Rapid Response Mechanism for environmental defenders
Authors: Weber Teresa
Published: September 2022

The parties to the Aarhus Convention recently established a new Rapid Response Mechanism for environmental defenders. This article analyses this mechanism and its guarantees for environmental defenders, with a specific focus on the protection of diverse forms of climate activism. The Convention's Compliance Committee has taken a broad approach towards the definition of ‘environmental defenders’ protected by Article 3(8) of the Convention. This definition includes persons who engage in demonstrations or rallies connected to environmental issues, even if there is no immediate link to the rights provided by the Aarhus Convention. In some cases, direct actions and acts of civil disobedience may fall under Article 3(8) of the Convention. Where environmental defenders suffer harmful acts such as penalization, harassment or persecution either by State authorities or private parties, the State concerned must produce evidence to show that these harmful acts were not a response to the civic engagement of the environmental defenders concerned. If environmental defenders are victims of harmful acts in the sense of Article 3(8) of the Aarhus Convention, they may address the Special Rapporteur who can swiftly issue protection measures. This could be especially relevant for detained persons, persons under police supervision or activists who undergo systematic harassment by the police or private security forces. In these cases, the Special Rapporteur may intervene and use their unique position on the international plane to ensure that environmental defenders do not suffer due to their engagement for the environment.
The Saturated Pairwise Interaction Gibbs Point Process as a Joint Species Distribution Model
Authors: Flint Ian , Golding Nick , Vesk Peter , Wang Yan , Xia Aihua
Published: September 2022

In an effort to effectively model observed patterns in the spatial configuration of individuals of multiple species in nature, we introduce the saturated pairwise interaction Gibbs point process. Its main strength lies in its ability to model both attraction and repulsion within and between species, over different scales. As such, it is particularly well-suited to the study of associations in complex ecosystems. Based on the existing literature, we provide an easy to implement fitting procedure as well as a technique to make inference for the model parameters. We also prove that under certain hypotheses the point process is locally stable, which allows us to use the well-known ‘coupling from the past’ algorithm to draw samples from the model. Different numerical experiments show the robustness of the model. We study three different ecological data sets, demonstrating in each one that our model helps disentangle competing ecological effects on species' distribution.
Sequential One-step Estimator by Sub-sampling for Customer Churn Analysis with Massive Data sets
Authors: Wang Feifei , Huang Danyang , Gao Tianchen , Wu Shuyuan , Wang Hansheng
Published: September 2022

Customer churn is one of the most important concerns for large companies. Currently, massive data are often encountered in customer churn analysis, which bring new challenges for model computation. To cope with these concerns, sub-sampling methods are often used to accomplish data analysis tasks of large scale. To cover more informative samples in one sampling round, classic sub-sampling methods need to compute sampling probabilities for all data points. However, this method creates a huge computational burden for data sets of large scale and therefore, is not applicable in practice. In this study, we propose a sequential one-step (SOS) estimation method based on repeated sub-sampling data sets. In the SOS method, data points need to be sampled only with probabilities, and the sampling step is conducted repeatedly. In each sampling step, a new estimate is computed via one-step updating based on the newly sampled data points. This leads to a sequence of estimates, of which the final SOS estimate is their average. We theoretically show that both the bias and the standard error of the SOS estimator can decrease with increasing sub-sampling sizes or sub-sampling times. The finite sample SOS performances are assessed through simulations. Finally, we apply this SOS method to analyse a real large-scale customer churn data set in a securities company. The results show that the SOS method has good interpretability and prediction power in this real application.
Ingroup and outgroup preference and rejection among young children of different ethnic groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Pektas Fadime , Emmen Rosanneke A. G. , Mesman Judi
Published: September 2022

The current study investigated the ethnic hierarchy in ingroup and outgroup preference and rejection among 6‐ to 10‐year‐old children of the dominant White Dutch group (n = 145), and the underrepresented Turkish‐Dutch (n = 78), and Afro‐Dutch (n = 57) groups (55% girls, M = 7.49, SD = .98) in the Netherlands. Results from a social preference task indicated that White Dutch children showed clearly more preference for their own ethnic group (ingroup preference) compared to the two outgroup preferences (Middle Eastern and Black), while Turkish‐ and Afro‐Dutch children showed limited ingroup preference. Both White and Turkish‐Dutch children showed less preference for and more rejection of the Black outgroup compared to Afro‐Dutch children. Younger children showed more Black rejection compared to older children. This study provides much‐needed evidence for the generalizability of prejudice patterns in children beyond the United States, and suggests that interventions aimed at improving interethnic relations are already relevant at primary school age.
In vivo induction of regulatory T cells by anti‐CD45RB antibody causes transferable tolerance to discordant human xenogenic islets
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Yang Maozhu , Jia Guiqing , Deng Shaoping , Lei Ji , Markmann James , Zhao Gaoping
Published: September 2022

Background

The treatment of diabetes by islet cell transplantation has become an accepted therapy, with transplantation of xenogeneic islet cells an attractive alternative to the problem. Previous studies in mice have demonstrated that anti‐CD45RB induce immune tolerance in human pancreatic islet cells. The current study was to define the mechanism of action of anti‐CD45RB induced nonspecific immune tolerance to heteroantigens.

Methods

A total of 1500 IEQ human islets were transplanted to diabetic B6μMT‐/‐ mice, B6 mice, and μMT‐/‐ diabetic mice undergoing thymectomy. These mice were treated short‐term with doses of anti‐CD45RB. CD4+Foxp3+Tregs were detected in the blood, peripheral lymphatic organs by flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, anti‐CD25 mAb was administered to tolerant human islet cells B6μMT‐/‐mice. Mice then were transplanted with other human islet cells and received CD4+CD25+Tregs isolated from tolerant human islets mice to observe islet destruction.

Results

Anti‐CD45RB treatment‐induced tolerance to islets in both immunocompetent and B‐cell‐deficient mice (μMT‐/‐ mice) by processes that were dependent on CD25+ Tregs, but not B cells. Anti‐CD45RB treatment increased the number of CD4+Foxp3+Tregs cells. Anti‐CD45RB treatment‐induced immune tolerance that was antigen nonspecific, with Tregs playing an important role. Anti‐CD45RB treatment‐induced tolerance generated Tregs that could be transferred to another individual to manifest nonspecific immune tolerance.

Conclusion

The results of the experiment suggest that anti‐CD45RB induced tolerance to human islet xenografts is mediated by the proliferation of Tregs. These tolerogenic Tregs can be transferred to other mice and induce nonspecific immune tolerance.
Improved phylogenetic resolution within Neritidae (Gastropoda, Nertimorpha) with implications for the evolution of shell traits and habitat
Authors: Qi Lu , Xu Biyang , Kong Lingfeng , Li Qi
Published: September 2022

Neritidae is a species‐rich family with substantial interspecific morphological and ecological diversities. The current classification of Neritidae is controversial, particularly regarding the taxonomic position of Smaragdiinae. Although several molecular phylogenetic studies have attempted to clarify the phylogeny of Neritidae, the internal evolutionary relationships have not been completely resolved due to limited sampling. We recently sequenced eight mitochondrial genomes of Neritidae, reassembled five previously published transcriptome data, and reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny for Neritidae with mitochondrial genome (13 protein‐coding genes) datasets of up to 23 species. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference indicated that the Neritidae were divided into two monophyletic groups, Neritinae and Neritininae, with strong support. A representative of Smaragdiinae, Smaragdia rangiana, was found to nest within Neritininae. Within Neritininae, the monophyly of Clithon and Neritina has not been recovered. Ancestral state reconstruction indicated that the most recent common ancestor of the Neritidae was a smooth shell. Our results imply at least two transitions from marine to brackish habitats within Neritidae.
A Pandemia de Covid-19 e os Precedentes do STF sobre as Competências Constitucionais dos Entes Federativos
Authors: Dantas Andrea de Quadros , Pedrosa Maria Helena Martins Rocha , Pereira Alessandra Lopes da Silva
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo analisa se as decisões sobre divisão de competências entre os entes federados, proferidas pelo STF em sede de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade no curso da pandemia de Covid-19, representaram uma guinada na jurisprudência da Corte.  Para tanto, o estudo parte de uma revisão bibliográfica e jurisprudencial dos julgamentos do STF, utilizando-se da teoria da revisão judicial do federalismo como fio condutor entre os diversos períodos analisados, de modo a identificar eventual movimento centrípeto ou centrífugo da Corte Constitucional brasileira sobre a estrutura federalista. Verificou-se uma tendência centralista do STF até o ano de 2015, com posterior inclinação descentralizadora, como reflexo de sua função harmonizadora e não propriamente da adoção de uma descentralização focada na autonomia dos entes subnacionais. Por fim, apesar do ineditismo dos julgamentos ocorridos no início da pandemia acerca da competência dos entes para definição de medidas de contenção da Covid-19, observou-se mera inflexão conjuntural da jurisprudência impulsionada pela crise sanitária, a revelar a continuidade da primazia da função integrativa do STF enquanto árbitro da federação.
O Direito Humano à Audiência no Processo
Authors: Forster João Paulo Kulczynski , Schäfer Gilberto , Previdelli José Eduardo Aidikaitis , Buralde Camila Mousquer
Published: September 2022

O estudo propõe o exame das audiências por videoconferência durante o estado declarado de pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para tanto, examina o próprio direito humano à audiência, que também possui feição fundamental, em seu formato que representa novo paradigma brasileiro: a forma eletrônica. Nesse contexto, apresenta a estrutura normativa nacional, consubstanciada da legislação processual e nas disposições do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, voltada à prática de atos na forma eletrônica, inclusive as audiências por videoconferência. Ao fim, apresenta situações analisadas em outros países – EUA, Colômbia e Espanha – em cotejo com decisões nacionais em que são limitadas as hipóteses de cabimento desta modalidade de audiências em razão de outros direitos processuais, como a defesa e a prova. A videoconferência deve ser utilizada com parcimônia, de forma que seu emprego não resulte em violação de direito das partes, em especial réus em processos de natureza criminal.  Foi empregado o método indutivo, a partir de pesquisa exploratória bibliográfica em doutrina e legislação, assim como da análise de pesquisas e julgamentos estrangeiros.
O Direito à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas e os Desafios da Perpetuidade da Política Indigenista Integracionista no Brasil
Authors: Moreira da Silva Tédney , Cordeiro Vieira Hector Luís , Santos Carvalho José Lucas
Published: September 2022

Trata-se de artigo científico que objetiva analisar a incompatibilidade da política indigenista integracionista com a exigência de promoção do direito à saúde dos povos indígenas, segundo parâmetros constitucionais (relativos, especialmente, ao sistema público de saúde) e supraconstitucionais, previstos em tratados de direitos humanos e em sua interpretação por cortes internacionais. Isso porque, no enfrentamento ao quadro pandêmico de contágio do SARS-CoV-2, em 2020, a política indigenista tem ressaltado o descompasso entre o acesso aos direitos humanos por povos indígenas e seu reconhecimento como sujeitos de direitos, pois que ainda vistos sob o ângulo tutelar. Intenta-se demonstrar como a política integracionista, além de defasada e inconciliável com a Constituição e o direito internacional dos direitos humanos, insere-se num conjunto de táticas veladas de etnocídio e genocídio dos povos indígenas ao referendar a tutela estatal e ao dificultar a participação direta dos indígenas na tomada de decisões acerca de temas que os afetam. As barreiras legislativas e dogmáticas de interpretação da seara indigenista são exemplos da negação de dignidade humana inerente à diversidade étnico-racial, o que o combate à COVID-19 tem apenas explicitado. Neste sentido, os autores propõem-se ao exame daquela contradição entre o modelo civilizacional pluricultural e a manutenção da política indigenista atual. Em seguida, promovem o exame dos efeitos de tal política no combate à COVID-19 entre indígenas brasileiros e seus resultados. Por fim, examinam-se as vias jurídicas de acesso à saúde com a possibilidade de judicialização da saúde no sistema interamericano de direitos humanos.
O Supremo Tribunal Federal Como Fórum de Protestos: Por Que o Simbolismo Importa em Processos Estruturais?
Authors: Casimiro Matheus , Marmelstein George
Published: September 2022

Uma das principais críticas aos processos estruturais é a de que não são capazes de produzir transformações sociais relevantes. No máximo, geram efeitos simbólicos. A aparente dicotomia entre as dimensões simbólica e concreta pode ser superada se compreendermos o papel do Judiciário como um fórum de protestos para grupos vulneráveis. O presente artigo investiga o potencial do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) para atuar como um fórum de protestos em ações estruturais. Como metodologia, além da tradicional pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, revisita-se o caso Grootboom, um dos mais famosos e controversos exemplos de litígios estruturais na África do Sul. A partir da sua análise, será possível compreender o papel do Judiciário como fórum de protestos e a importância da dimensão simbólica. Além disso, recentes ações estruturais ajuizadas no STF são analisadas, para determinar como o Tribunal pode funcionar como um fórum de protestos. Constata-se que relevância simbólica das decisões judiciais pode produzir efeitos práticos importantes em médio e longo prazo, mostrando que as dimensões simbólica e concreta não são excludentes, mas complementares.
Acesso `a Justiça e Desastres
Authors: De Araujo Asperti Maria Cecília , Zufelato Camilo , Trevilini Garcia Carolina
Published: September 2022

O artigo examina a atuação das assessorias técnicas independentes como um meio de viabilizar a participação direta em casos de desastres, na arena extrajudicial e judicial. Diante do sistema atual de legitimidade extraordinária ope legis, questiona-se como assegurar a participação direta, informada e efetiva de pessoas atingidas na tomada de decisões no âmbito das ações coletivas. Por meio do estudo do caso do rompimento da barragem do Fundão, em Mariana/MG, ou “Caso Rio Doce”, e mediante análise documental, objetivou-se estudar como se deu o reconhecimento do direito dos atingidos à assessoria técnica, qual o seu papel e quais foram (e têm sido) os entraves encontrados para a sua atuação. O estudo descreve a atuação dos legitimados extraordinários, a construção do modelo de participação direta no caso e a sua implementação. Conclui que as assessorias técnicas possuem um papel específico, no qual independência técnica e neutralidade não se confundem. Na análise do caso, viu-se que a implementação do modelo das assessorias enfrentou grandes resistências, sendo, contudo, possível constatar a importância desse apoio interdisciplinar para mobilização e preparação das pessoas atingidas para atuar de forma efetiva e informada nos diversos espaços decisórios.
Modelo de Ouvidoria Externa da Defensoria Pública e os Desafios do Acesso à Justiça
Authors: Buosi Lemes Maurício , Gross Cunha Luciana
Published: September 2022

O objetivo do artigo é analisar as características do desenho institucional da ouvidoria externa da Defensoria Pública, refletindo sobre as potencialidades e os limites do modelo, à luz do processo de institucionalização da Defensoria e de alguns marcos conceituais e normativos sobre políticas públicas de acesso à justiça. Dialogamos teoricamente com a abordagem sobre movimentos sociais, processos de institucionalização e capacidades institucionais, enfatizando as questões relativas ao encaixe de um órgão de controle externo na estrutura da Defensoria. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, em que argumentamos que as políticas institucionais mais amplas precisam estar articuladas e ser responsivas às atribuições da ouvidoria, sob o risco da Defensoria como um todo desresponsabilizar-se em relação às demandas direcionadas à instituição através deste mecanismo de participação social na gestão.
Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection enhances cross-neutralization of BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5
Authors: Muik Alexander , Lui Bonny Gaby , Bacher Maren , Wallisch Ann-Kathrin , Toker Aras , Finlayson Andrew , Krüger Kimberly , Ozhelvaci Orkun , Grikscheit Katharina , Hoehl Sebastian , Ciesek Sandra , Türeci Özlem , Sahin Ugur
Published: September 2022

BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals after Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection have strong serum-neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and previous SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) yet less against the highly contagious Omicron sublineages BA.4 and BA.5 that have displaced previous variants. Because the latter sublineages are derived from Omicron BA.2, we characterized serum-neutralizing activity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine triple-immunized individuals who experienced BA.2 breakthrough infection. We demonstrate that sera of these individuals have broadly neutralizing activity against previous VOCs and all tested Omicron sublineages, including BA.2-derived variants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5. Furthermore, applying antibody depletion, we showed that neutralization of BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 sublineages by BA.2 convalescent sera is driven to a considerable extent by antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike glycoprotein. However, neutralization by Omicron BA.1 convalescent sera depends exclusively on antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD). These findings suggest that exposure to Omicron BA.2, in contrast to BA.1 spike glycoprotein, triggers substantial NTD-specific recall responses in vaccinated individuals and thereby enhances the neutralization of BA.4/BA.5 sublineages. Given the current epidemiology with a predominance of BA.2-derived sublineages such as BA.4/BA.5 and rapidly ongoing evolution, these findings helped to inform development of our Omicron BA.4/BA.5-adapted vaccine.
The HIV-1 protein Nef activates the Tec family kinase Btk by stabilizing an intermolecular SH3-SH2 domain interaction
Authors: Aryal Manish , Lin David , Regan Kiera , Du Shoucheng , Shi Haibin , Alvarado John J. , Ilina Tatiana V. , Andreotti Amy H. , Smithgall Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

The Nef protein produced by the viruses HIV-1 and SIV drives efficient viral replication partially by inducing constitutive activation of host cell tyrosine kinases, including members of the Src and Tec families. Here, we uncovered the mechanism by which both HIV-1 and SIV Nef enhanced the activity of the Tec family kinase Btk in vitro and in cells. A Nef mutant that could not bind to the SH3 domain of Src family kinases activated Btk to the same extent as did wild-type Nef, demonstrating that Nef activated Src and Tec family kinases by distinct mechanisms. The Btk SH3-SH2 region formed a homodimer requiring the CD loop in the SH2 domain, which was stabilized by the binding of Nef homodimers. Alanine substitution of Pro
327
in the CD loop of the Btk SH2 domain destabilized SH3-SH2 dimers, abolished the interaction with Nef, and prevented activation by Nef in vitro. In cells, Nef stabilized and activated wild-type but not P327A Btk homodimers at the plasma membrane. These data reveal that the interaction with Nef stabilizes Btk dimers through the SH3-SH2 interface to promote kinase activity and show that the HIV-1 Nef protein evolved distinct mechanisms to activate Src and Tec family tyrosine kinases to enhance viral replication.
Single-Cell Infection of Influenza A Virus Using Drop-Based Microfluidics
Authors: Loveday Emma Kate , Sanchez Humberto S. , Thomas Mallory M. , Chang Connie B.
Published: September 2022

Drop-based microfluidics is a cutting-edge tool in single-cell research. Here, we used drop-based microfluidics to encapsulate thousands of individual cells infected with influenza A virus within picoliter-sized drops.
Target of Rapamycin Mediated Ornithine Decarboxylase Antizyme Modulate Intracellular Putrescine and Ganoderic Acid Content in Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Wu Tao , Xia Jiale , Ge Feng , Qiu Hao , Tian Li , Liu Xiaotian , Liu Rui , Jiang Ailiang , Zhu Jing , Shi Liang , Yu Hanshou , Zhao Mingwen , Ren Ang
Published: September 2022

Research on antizyme (AZ) in fungi has focused on the mechanism by which AZ inhibits ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Moreover, there are existing reports on the regulation of AZ protein translation by TOR.
Enteric Pathogen Testing Importance for Children with Acute Gastroenteritis: a Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Tarr Gillian A. M. , Persson Drew J. , Tarr Phillip I. , Freedman Stephen B.
Published: September 2022

Children with diarrhea and vomiting who seek care can be infected with a wide variety of infectious agents. This study reports findings from a survey of clinical, public health, and laboratory subject matter experts on the infectious agents that are most important to test for.
Dual Monoclonal Antibodies on Sars-Cov-2 Alpha and Delta Variants: Clinical and Virological Efficacy
Authors: Ferré Valentine Marie , Peiffer-Smadja Nathan , Kramer Laura , Coppée Romain , Kante Aïcha , Debarge Margaux , Choquet Christophe , Saint Joannis Thibault , Bouzid Donia , Messika Jonathan , Le Grand Jennifer , Thy Michael , Kernéis Solen , Descamps Diane , Visseaux Benoit , Ghosn Jade
Published: September 2022

Monoclonal antibody bitherapies (MAbs) are commonly prescribed to treat severe SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, and the rapid growth of resistance mutation emergence is alarming globally. To explore this issue, we conducted both clinical and genomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 in a series of patients treated in 2021.
Two Hybrid Histidine Kinases Involved in the Ethylene Regulation of the Mycelial Growth and Postharvest Fruiting Body Maturation and Senescence of Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Zhang Chaohui , Shang Di , Zhang Yan , Gao Xiyang , Liu Dehai , Gao Yuqian , Li Yanan , Qi Yuancheng , Qiu Liyou
Published: September 2022

Ethylene regulates diverse physiological activities in bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and plants, but how to perceive ethylene by fungi only remains unknown. In this study, we identify two biologically functional ethylene receptors in the basidiomycete fungus
Agaricus bisporus
, which fills the gaps of deficient fungal ethylene receptors.
Accurate Identification of Klebsiella variicola by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Microbiology Laboratories
Authors: Ohama Yuki , Nomura Yusuke , Mizoguchi Miyuki , Higurashi Yoshimi , Okamoto Koh , Harada Sohei
Published: September 2022

Recent widespread use of bacterial whole-genome sequencing analysis has resulted in the proposal of novel bacterial species and reclassification of taxonomy. Accurate methods for identification of bacterial species in clinical microbiology laboratories are essential to accumulate information on the clinical characteristics of each bacterial species.
Klebsiella variicola
is a member of the
Klebsiella pneumoniae
complex, and its association with human infections has been increasingly recognized, but accurate identification methods approved for use in clinical microbiology laboratories have been limited thus far.
Coccidioidomycosis where you least expect it
Authors: Nair Nandu , Baikunje Nandakishore , Hosmane Giridhar Belur , Kumar Sunil
Published: September 2022

An elderly man without history of travel presented with complaints of intermittent fever for 2 months, cough with scanty expectoration for 15 days and history of weight loss of 5 kg in 1 year. The chest X-ray and CT scan of the thorax showed dispersed centrilobular nodules and patchy subpleural consolidation in both lungs with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. He underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage culture grewPseudomonas aeruginosa. He was prescribed antibiotics based on culture sensitivity; however, patient continued to have symptoms. All relevant blood investigations were within normal limits. He underwent CT-guided biopsy of the right lung lesion during which clearing of the radio-opacities present in the initial CT scan and appearance of fresh lesions in different locations were observed. Migratory shadows were suspected. Fine-needle aspiration cytology showed features suggestive of coccidioidomycosis for which antifungals were started. After 1 month, he improved symptomatically and chest X-ray showed clearance of shadows.
Unusual presentation of idiopathic Bell’s palsy with involvement of the oculomotor nerve
Authors: Bushnaq Saji , Zafar Atif , Silva Floyd
Published: September 2022

Our patient presented with symptoms consistent with Bell’s palsy. The involved cranial nerves were the facial and oculomotor nerves. She had preceding upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. She had no risk factors or significant illnesses, and no other causes were found. Although there are reported cases of multiple cranial nerves affected in Bell’s palsy, our review of literature revealed no prior cases of involvement of the parasympathetic oculomotor fibres in Bell’s palsy.
Rare presentation of central retinal vein occlusion sparing the superotemporal quadrant in a patient with congenital cardiovascular disease
Authors: Anzidei Rossella , Ali Esraa , Konidaris Vasileios Efstathios
Published: September 2022

A young Asian man with a diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease and visceral situs inversus presented to the eye casualty with a recent onset of blurred vision in his left eye. Funduscopic examination of the left eye showed the presence of intraretinal haemorrhages in the inferior and superonasal quadrants, sparing the superotemporal arcade. Optical coherence tomography showed presence of macular oedema and fundus fluorescein angiography confirmed the diagnosis of central retinal vein occlusion sparing the superotemporal branch. Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment was administered, with favourable anatomic and functional outcomes. The presentation of an incomplete central retinal vein occlusion is extremely unusual, especially in a patient with significant cardiac malformation. With the current advances in interventional cardiac procedures, more patients are having longer lifespan and are presenting to ophthalmologists with ocular consequences of circulatory disorders, emphasising the need for multidisciplinary management.
Heart failure associated with ustekinumab therapy for treatment of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Morgenweck Erica , Park Brian , Bower Richard
Published: September 2022

A man in his 60s with penetrating ileocolonic Crohn’s disease (CD), recently started on ustekinumab therapy, presented with new onset dyspnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea and dependent oedema. He was diagnosed with heart failure (HF) 10 months after starting ustekinumab therapy. His symptoms resolved with discontinuation of ustekinumab and he had recovery of his cardiac function. Though initial studies that led to the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA)approval for ustekinumab did not detect a signal for HF, postmarketing surveillance has detected rare cases of HF after initiation of the medication. This is one of the few reported cases of HF associated with ustekinumab therapy for CD.
Enlivening the radiographic features of Paget disease
Authors: Muthukumaran Vaishnavi , Kaliyaperumal Subadra , Warrier Aravind
Published: September 2022

Paget disease often presents as a rare asymptomatic lesion of the bone until it progresses into the advanced stages. A senile man was diagnosed with Paget disease of bone on routine dental radiographic analysis. His history of fractures, periodical ill-fitting dentures and frequent pain in the long bones were contributing to the diagnosis. The patient was referred to a general physician where whole body radiographs were taken, which showed several of the classic features of Paget disease. Biochemical analysis was also done in which serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated with all other values within normal limits, confirming the diagnosis. The patient was treated with single-infusion bisphosphonate followed by other required dental procedures. Early diagnosis and prompt management gave a good prognosis, preventing the potential complications.
Intentional dapsone overdose: a rare cause of acquired methaemoglobinaemia in the emergency department
Authors: Zia Sania , Kazim Sara Nooruddin , Yousif Azza Omer Mohammed , Kuthbudeen Mehraj Waheeda
Published: September 2022

A woman in her 30s presented to our emergency department with vomiting and lethargy after an intentional ingestion of unknown antimicrobial pills which was later found to be dapsone. The patient developed cyanosis, hypoxia and tachycardia due to acute methaemoglobinaemia (level of 30.9% on venous blood gas analysis). As dapsone is notorious for prolonged and rebound methaemoglobinaemia, she was managed with repeated doses of intravenous methylene blue and oral multidose activated charcoal which warranted elective intubation and intensive care unit admission. Subsequent drug-induced hepatitis and delayed dapsone-induced haemolysis were managed conservatively. She was discharged in a stable condition with outpatient follow-ups. Physician familiarity with the nuances of this rare condition and its complications contributes to better patient care.
Circle of Willis variation and outcome after intra-arterial treatment
Authors: Rozeman Anouk , Hund Hajo , Boiten Jelis , Vos Jan-Albert , Schonewille Wouter , Wermer Marieke , Lycklama a Nijeholt Geert , Algra Ale
Published: September 2022

Background

Intra-arterial treatment (IAT) improves outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke. Presence of collaterals increases likelihood of good outcome. We investigated whether variations in the circle of Willis (CoW) and contributing carotid arteries influence outcome in patients who had a stroke treated with IAT.

Methods

CT angiography data on patients who had an acute stroke treated with IAT were retrospectively collected. CoW was regarded complete if the contralateral A1 segment, anterior communicating artery and ipsilateral posterior communicating artery were fully developed, and the P1 segment was visible. Carotid artery contribution was studied with a self-developed carotid artery score ranging from 0 to 2 depending on the number of arteries supplying the occluded side of the CoW. Good clinical outcome was defined as modified Rankin Score ≤2 and measured at discharge and 3 months. We calculated risk ratios for the relation between completeness of the CoW, carotid score and good outcome, and performed a trend analysis for good outcome according to the carotid score.

Results

126 patients were included for analysis. Patients with a complete and incomplete CoW had a comparable risk for good outcome at discharge and 3 months. A higher carotid score was associated with a higher likelihood of good clinical outcome (p for trend 0.24 at discharge and 0.05 at 3 months).

Conclusion

In patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with IAT, chances of good clinical outcome tended to improve with number of carotid arteries supplying the cerebral circulation. Completeness of the CoW was not related to clinical outcome.