bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the study of cucurbit[6]uril and 4-tert-butylcalix[6]arene as multifunctional lubricant additives
Authors: Pandey Shubham , Sharma Pragati R. , Soni Vineet Kumar , Choudhary Ganpat , Sharma Rakesh K.
Published: January 2020

Cucurbit[6]uril and 4-tert-butylcalix[6]arene are found to be efficient multifunctional lubricant additives.
Correction: Luminescent imidazolium–naphthalene salts in liquid and solid states
Authors: L’Her Matthieu , Atoini Youssef , Fouchet Julien , Heinrich Benoît , Del-Giudice Nicolas , Scrafton Emma , Bordes Emilie , Karmazin Lydia , Charbonnière Loïc , De Cola Luisa , Douce Laurent
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Luminescent imidazolium–naphthalene salts in liquid and solid states’ by Matthieu L’Her et al., New J. Chem., 2019, 43, 12529–12532.
Strain modulated magnetocaloric effect in (111) oriented La0.7Sr0.3MnO3–SrRuO3 superlattices
Authors: S. H. Roshna , Prellier W. , Padhan P.
Published: January 2020

Pseudomorphic growth with in-plane tensile strain is favorable for a larger change in magnetic entropy compared to relax growth with in-plane compressive strain in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3–SrRuO3 superlattices.
Correction: Non-halogenated-solvent-processed highly efficient organic solar cells with a record open circuit voltage enabled by noncovalently locked novel polymer donors
Authors: Guo Hui , Zhang Youdi , Chen Lie , Liao Xunfan , Xie Qian , Cui Yongjie , Huang Bin , Yang Changduk , Chen Yiwang
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Non-halogenated-solvent-processed highly efficient organic solar cells with a record open circuit voltage enabled by noncovalently locked novel polymer donors’ by Hui Guo et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 27394–27402.
LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 inhibits cell proliferation in cervical squamous cell carcinoma by down-regulating miRNA-93
Authors: Lan Liu , Liang Zhishan , Zhao Yingxi , Mo Yuzhen
Published: January 2020

Background: MCM3AP antisense RNA 1 (MCM3AP-AS1) is characterized as an oncogenic lncRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma and glioblastoma. We analyzed TCGA dataset and observed the down-regulation of MCM3AP-AS1 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). The present study was therefore performed to investigate the role of MCM3AP-AS1 in CSCC.

Methods: A total of 64 female patients with CSCC (38–68 years old; mean age: 53.1 ± 6.5 years old) were enrolled in the present study. RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate gene expression. Methylation specific PCR (MSP) was performed to assess the methylation of miR-93 gene after the overexpression and silencing of MCM3AP-AS1. Cell transfections were performed to investigate the interactions between MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-93. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay.

Results: The results showed that MCM3AP-AS1 was down-regulated in CSCC and predicted poor survival. The expression levels of MCM3AP-AS1 were inversely correlated with the expression levels of miR-93. Overexpression of MCM3AP-AS1 led to down-regulation of miR-93, while silencing of MCM3AP-AS1 played an opposite role in CSCC cells. Methylation-specific PCR revealed that MCM3AP-AS1 could positively regulate the methylation of miR-93 gene. Cell proliferation analysis showed that overexpression of MCM3AP-AS1 led to reduced proliferation rate of CSCC cells. Silencing of MCM3AP-AS1 played an opposite role and overexpression of miR-93 reduced the effects of overexpressing MCM3AP-AS1.

Conclusions: Therefore, MCM3AP-AS1 may inhibit cell proliferation in CSCC by down-regulating miRNA-93.
Fragments: where are we now?
Authors: Osborne James , Panova Stanislava , Rapti Magdalini , Urushima Tatsuya , Jhoti Harren
Published: January 2020

Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has become a mainstream technology for the identification of chemical hit matter in drug discovery programs. To date, the food and drug administration has approved four drugs, and over forty compounds are in clinical studies that can trace their origins to a fragment-based screen. The challenges associated with implementing an FBDD approach are many and diverse, ranging from the library design to developing methods for identifying weak affinity compounds. In this article, we give an overview of current progress in fragment library design, fragment to lead optimisation and on the advancement in techniques used for screening. Finally, we will comment on the future opportunities and challenges in this field.
The Use of Written Naming and Repetition to Treat Naming Deficits in Aphasia
Authors: Hashimoto Naomi
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine the use of a combined written naming + repetition (WN + REP) approach and an REP-only approach to treat naming deficits in a group of individuals with aphasia.

Method

Six individuals participated in the study. A multiple-baseline design across behaviors was used. A WN + REP approach, an REP approach, and an untreated condition were presented. Three 10-item treatment lists and one 10-item untreated list were created. Each 10-item treatment list was evenly divided so that 5 items were treated using the WN + REP approach and 5 items were treated using the REP approach.

Results

Visual analyses of treatment data revealed improvements in 4 of the 6 participants. Meaningful treatment effect sizes were obtained for 5 of the 6 participants in at least 1 of the approaches across the treatment lists. Slightly more participants obtained meaningful effect sizes in the WN + REP approach than in the REP approach. Use of writing as a strategy to help with naming the pictures verbally increased over the duration of treatment in 5 of the 6 participants.

Conclusions

The findings revealed that both approaches improved spoken naming accuracy in aphasia. Although the WN + REP approach resulted in more meaningful effect sizes than the REP approach, there was no overwhelming advantage in using 1 or the other approach. However, the WN + REP approach promoted writing as a functional strategy that could be used when naming the picture verbally was not successful.
The resolved size and structure of hot dust in the immediate vicinity of AGN
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration:, Dexter J. , Shangguan J. , Hönig S. , Kishimoto M. , Lutz D. , Netzer H. , Davies R. , Sturm E. , Pfuhl O. , Amorim A. , Bauböck M. , Brandner W. , Clénet Y. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Eckart A. , Eisenhauer F. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Gao F. , Garcia P. J. V. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Gratadour D. , Jiménez-Rosales A. , Lacour S. , Millour F. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Peterson B. M. , Petrucci P. O. , Prieto M. A. , Rouan D. , Schartmann M. , Shimizu T. , Sternberg A. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Tacconi L. J. , Tristram K. , Vermot P. , Waisberg I. , Widmann F. , Woillez J.
Published: January 2020

We use VLTI/GRAVITY near-infrared interferometry measurements of eight bright type 1 AGN to study the size and structure of hot dust that is heated by the central engine. We partially resolve each source, and report Gaussian full width at half-maximum sizes in the range 0.3−0.8 mas. In all but one object, we find no evidence for significant elongation or asymmetry (closure phases ≲1°). The narrow range of measured angular sizes is expected given the similar optical flux of our targets, and implies an increasing effective physical radius with bolometric luminosity, as found from previous reverberation and interferometry measurements. The measured sizes for Seyfert galaxies are systematically larger than for the two quasars in our sample when measured relative to the previously reported R ∼ L1/2 relationship, which is explained by emission at the sublimation radius. This could be evidence of an evolving near-infrared emission region structure as a function of central luminosity.
Study of reclaimed water system in downtown Los Angeles based on system dynamics theory
Authors: Wang Gang , Wen Qingbo , HU Liming , MEEGODA Jay N
Published: January 2020

The shortage of water resources has seriously restricted the development of cities. Unconventional water resources is of great significance for sustainable development. As a city lack of water, Los Angeles plans to develop reclaimed water as an important component of urban water supply under the conditions of drought and over exploitation of groundwater. In order to provide a basis for urban reclaimed water construction planning, this paper developed a system dynamic model to provide scientific suggestions for the planning of reclaimed water. According to the analysis of Los Angeles water system, the model divides the system into reclaimed water system, urban water consumption system, urban water supply system and water supply cost system. The degree of water shortage, urban water supply, water supply cost, and reclaimed water production were chosen as the model index for the requirement of plan design. The historical data was employed to verify the model, indicating that the model is reliable. Then the plans under different rates of growth of reclaimed water were designed. According to the comprehensive analysis of the model index, the second plan was considered to be the optimal one: increase the local water supply in Los Angeles to 50 percent of the total by 2035 and reduce purchases by 50 percent. Finally, Reclaimed water accounts for 30% of the city’s water supply, meanwhile, water supply costs decline 10%.
The effects of water-fertilizer integration on productivity of winter wheat and water-fertilizer utilizing efficiency under irrigation based on testing soil moisture
Authors: Li Xiaoshuang , Zheng Chunlian , Cao Caiyun , Ma Junyong , Li Kejiang , Dang Hongkai
Published: January 2020

In order to explore efficient technic of water-fertilizer irrigation of wheat and provide theoretical support for wheat farming, this research investigate the effects of micro sprinkling irrigation with 180 cm width on distribution of moisture and nutrient in soil, water and fertilizer consumption, and grain yield of winter wheat. Field test was carried out during growth season of wheat, Water-saving wheat variety “Heng4399” was used as test material. Four times of irrigation were implemented in Spring. Combining with soil moisture criterion during reproduction period, soil moisture was tested before each time of irrigation, and the sprinkling irrigation was initiated if drought appeared. The bands of sprinkler were set in between, and parallel to lines of wheat, with irrigation width of 1.8m, covering 6 lines of wheat (L1-L6) on each side of band. The experiment showed that wheat production reached to 7844.9-8194.8 kg/hm2, with no significant difference among the lines of wheat. The maximum accumulation of N and P2O5 appeared during maturity and reached to 260.25-295.95 kg/hm2 and 109.89-139.61 kg/hm2, respectively. The maximum accumulation of K2O was 251.35-297.29 kg/hm2 during anthesis stage. The difference of K2O accumulation among wheat lines was significant. The distribution of nutrients in each organ of wheat was irregular. These results suggested that the width of sprinkling irrigation had no significant effect on nutrient assimilation and productivity of wheat. Soil moisture was positively correlated to rapidly available phosphorus content before anthesis and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen content in each layer of soil, and was negatively correlated to rapidly available potassium in late seed filling stage. Based on the results, we suggest that applying nitrogen fertilizer multiple times at different stages. Phosphorus fertilizer can be implemented at early reproduction stage based on nutrient demand of wheat. All potassium fertilizer is recommended to be applied as base manure.
The Gelo’s Wisdom on Water Ecology from the Ecological Concept of “Shield and Sustain”
Authors: Zhou Xi , Zhang Shiting , Deng Dexiang
Published: January 2020

The Gelo’s living environment and worship of nature breeds its ecological concept of “shield and sustain”, self-consciousness of water ecology, water protection behavior custom and rules, and superior hydro-ecology wisdom based adequate protection and utilization of water resources. With today’s commitment to holding and carrying forward Gelos’ traditional wisdom of water protection, it is recommended to popularize and apply the modern water conservancy science and technology and the Gelos’ traditional wisdom of water protection in a parallel or integrated way, which is of far-reaching significance to boosting the rural revitalization of the Gelo ethnic group and even promoting the domestic construction of modern ecological civilization.
Recycling Design and Utilization of Agricultural Water Conservation Heritage Resources in the Early Period of Socialism in Chongqing
Authors: Deng Dexiang , Yin Xinai , Zhou Xi
Published: January 2020

Chongqing has rich agricultural water resources in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Through protective restoration and design, development and design utilization, a large-scale agricultural water conservancy network in which Chongqing integrates old and new water storage and irrigation is constructed. This will benefit Chongqing’s agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, empower rural areas, and coordinate the construction of ecological civilization.
Bisphenol A degradation by Fenton Advanced Oxidation Process and operation parameters optimization
Authors: Wang Mingming , Su Xiaoli , Yang Songwen , Li Ling , Li Chaolin , Sun Feiyun , Dong Jiaju , Rong Yiping
Published: January 2020

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a kind of environmental endocrine disrupting substance, which has been used as an organic chemical as unsaturated polyester resin. The degradation of BPA includes biological methods, physical adsorption and chemical oxidation, all which have their own disadvantages. Owing to its strong oxidization capability and stable treatment performance, Fenton process can degrade organic substances at a high reactive rate and stably effective. In this paper, Fenton oxidation method was optimized to remove BPA in water, during which the intermediate products were analysed to examine its degradation path. The optimal conditions of degradation of BPA by Fenton method were a ratio of C (H2O2)/C (Fe2+) of 10, a pH of 3.5, and the degradation rate increased with the increasing of reaction temperature. It was found that Fenton could break the chemical bond at the junction of BPA and isopropyl group to produce p-diphenol, phenol, isopropyl phenol and other intermediate products.
L’opinion des Français sur les Jeux olympiques de Paris 2024
Authors: Collinet Cécile , Delalandre Matthieu , Beaudouin Sandie
Published: January 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à l’héritage social des Jeux olympiques au travers d’une enquête quantitative. Elle vise à saisir l’opinion des Français sur l’accueil des JO de Paris en 2024 et les conséquences résultant de l’évènement telles qu’elles sont exprimées par les personnes interrogées. L’échantillon sur lequel porte l’étude est composé de 508 personnes, âgées de 18 à 65 ans. Leurs caractéristiques respectent les proportions nationales pour les critères d’âge, de sexe, et de catégorie sociale. Les résultats mettent en avant que l’organisation des JO de Paris en 2024 suscite un réel intérêt. Certaines variables telles que les particularités sociodémographiques et l’intérêt porté aux activités sportives permettent de mieux cerner et de définir des publics. En outre, les questions économiques et urbaines sont celles qui cristallisent le plus de craintes pour la majorité de la population. Ce type d’étude met en lumière la manière dont l’évènement est perçu, les résistances, les espoirs et les inquiétudes de la population. Tout son intérêt est d’être reproduit jusqu’à l’évènement et même au-delà afin de mieux comprendre son impact dans la durée.
Neuropsychologische Langzeitfolgen und Teilhabestörungen nach aneurysmatischer Subarachnoidalblutung (aSAB)
Authors: Rollnik Jens D. , Adner Anna
Published: January 2020

Das vorliegende Review beschäftigt sich mit kognitiven Störungen und Teilhabebeeinträchtigungen nach aneurysmatischen Subarachnoidalblutungen (aSAB). Diese können auch ohne den Nachweis einer substanziellen Hirnschädigung in der neuropsychologisch zu erwartenden Region auftreten. Als Ursache für diese Diskrepanz gelten neuroinflammatorische Prozesse und oxidativer Stress. Am häufigsten sind das verbale Gedächtnis, visuell-räumliche Fähigkeiten, das Gedächtnis für visuelle Inhalte, Aufmerksamkeit, Arbeitsgedächtnis, Exekutivfunktionen (Planung, Kontrolle, Problemlösung, Aufmerksamkeit, Entscheidungsfindung), die allgemeine kognitive Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit und die sprachliche Domäne betroffen. Es zeigt sich, dass das Vorhandensein kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen einen wesentlichen Risikofaktor darstellt, nicht mehr beruflich reintegriert werden zu können. Zusätzlich zu den kognitiven Symptomen treten nach einer aSAB auch gehäuft psychiatrische Symptome wie Angst, Depression und Fatigue auf. Diese wirken sich zusätzlich zu den körperlichen und kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen negativ auf die Teilhabe am beruflichen und sozialen Leben aus, was wiederum zu einer schlechteren Lebensqualität beiträgt.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Cassumunins A–C and Curcumin Analogues
Authors: Khan Faiz Ahmed , Hussain Mulla Althafh
Published: January 2020

A full account of the total synthesis of (±)-cassumunins A–C – superior antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents – is given. Two novel approaches were developed for synthesizing cassumunins. The total synthesis of cassumunins A and B was accomplished in five linear steps from a known aldehyde in good overall yields of 50 and 43%, respectively, featuring a cascade [3,3]-sigmatropic shift (the Claisen rearrangement) and Heck cross-coupling reaction. Consequently, the total synthesis of cassumunin C was accomplished in three linear steps from a known alcohol with an overall yield of 53%. The key features involved in this synthesis are tandem [3,3]-sigmatropic shift, SN2′ reaction, and aldol condensation. Moreover, a total of eighteen symmetrical and unsymmetrical curcumin analogues were synthesized.
One-Pot Access to 4-Aryl-2-arylacetoxynaphthalenes via Benz­annulation of Oxygenated Arylacetic Acids and Alkyl Aryl Ketones
Authors: Chang Meng-Yang , Chen Shin-Mei , Hsiao Yu-Ting
Published: January 2020

Trifluoroacetic anhydride mediated one-pot intermolecular formal (4+2) benzannulation of oxygenated arylacetic acids with alkyl aryl ketones provides 4-aryl-2-arylacetoxynaphthalenes in moderate to good yields in the presence of H3PO4 in an open-vessel in a straightforward procedure. A plausible mechanism is proposed and discussed. This protocol provides a highly effective ring-closure via two carbon–carbon (C–C) and one carbon–oxygen (C–O) bond-formation events.
Realizing the Trifunctional Potential of Alkyl 4-Chloro-2-diazo-3-oxobutanoates: Convenient Assembly of 6,7-Dihydro-4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]thiazine Core
Authors: Dar’in Dmitry , Khoroshilova Olesya , Kantin Grigory , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: January 2020

The first example of exploiting the trifunctional character of alkyl 4-chloro-2-diazo-3-oxobutanoates in the reactions with vicinal N,S-bis-nucleophiles leading to the formation of bicyclic 6,7-dihydro-4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]thiazines is presented. The key to the successful realization of the atom-economical synthetic strategy is the initial S
N
2 event, which facilitates the subsequent domino 1,2,3-triazole formation via the Wolff reaction. Equally important is the choice of sodium acetate as the base: acetic acid formed in the course of the initial nucleophilic substitution acts as an efficient catalyst for the Wolff reaction, which suppresses the competing, unwanted fragmentation path (observed when other bases are used).
Recent Applications in the Use of Sulfoxides as Chiral Auxiliaries for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Natural and Biologically Active Products
Authors: Salom-Roig Xavier , Bauder Claude
Published: January 2020

The contribution of chiral sulfoxides as versatile auxiliaries in the field of organic chemistry has shown a prevalent interest in the asymmetric synthesis of natural products during the last 45 years. In this short review, we report the recent applications of these chiral auxiliaries to the synthesis of natural and biological active products highlighted from 2010 to 2019. We hope to allow the reader to have an overview of the potential of sulfoxide chemistry in the field of enantio­selective synthesis.

1 Introduction

2 Diastereoselective Additions to Ketones

2.1 Reduction of β-Keto Sulfoxides

2.2 Reduction of β-Keto Sulfoxides Followed by Bromohydrin Forma tion

3 Synthesis of an α-Amino α′-Sulfinyl Ketone Followed by Diastere oselective Reduction of the β-Keto Sulfoxide

4 Diastereoselective Addition of Carbanionic Chiral Sulfoxides

4.1 Addition to an Aldehyde

4.1.1 Aldol Reactions

4.1.2 Reformatsky-Type Reactions

4.2 Additions to Chiral Sulfinimines

5 Diastereoselective Cyclization Reactions Directed by a Chiral Sulf oxide

5.1 1,4-Radical Additions

5.2 Intramolecular Conjugate Additions

5.3 Nazarov Cyclizations

5.4 Diels–Alder Reactions

6 Atropodiastereoselective Synthesis

7 Conclusion
Cadaveric Evaluation of Myelinated Nerve Fiber Count in the Nerve to the Gracilis Muscle in Relation to Use as a Free Functional Muscle Transfer for Elbow Flexion
Authors: Mahmood Bilal , Marshall Danielle C. , Wolfe Scott W. , Lee Steve K. , Fufa Duretti T.
Published: January 2020

Background Optimizing axon count is essential for successful nerve transfer surgery, and a donor-to-recipient axon count ratio greater than 0.7:1 has been associated with improved outcomes. A gracilis free functioning muscle transfer (FFMT) is an option to restore elbow flexion, but its axon count has not been evaluated. Our aim was to quantify the axon count of the nerve to the gracilis muscle.

Methods The nerve to the gracilis was dissected in 10 fresh frozen adult cadaveric hindquarter specimens (four females and six males). The length of the nerve to the gracilis was measured and a biopsy taken. A validated histologic preparation technique was utilized, and axons were counted. The mean length and axon counts were calculated.

Results The average axon count in the nerve to the gracilis was 818 (range = 684–1,000, standard deviation [SD] = 116). The average length was 98 mm (range = 81–115 mm, SD = 13 mm).

Conclusion Our study found the average axon count in the nerve to the gracilis was 818. Prior literature suggests axon count ratio greater than 0.7:1 is associated with better clinical outcomes. Using data from prior studies, the spinal accessory, three intercostal, and two intercostal nerves are all sufficient for the transfer to the nerve to the gracilis with donor to recipient ratios of 1.7:1, 1.3:1, and 0.9:1, respectively.
Surgical Management and Outcomes of Aneurysms of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery: Location-Based Approaches with Review of Literature
Authors: Deora Harsh , Nayak Nitish , Dixit Priyadarshi , Vikas V. , Rao K. V. L. Narasinga , Pruthi Nupur , Srinivas Dwarakanath , Shukla Dhaval P. , Bhat Dhananjay I. , Malla Bhaskara Rao , Devi Bhagvatula Indira , Somanna Sampath
Published: January 2020

Background Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is a tortuous, variable, and uncommon site for aneurysms. Surgical management of PICA aneurysms involves careful selection of approach based on the location of the aneurysm and meticulous dissection of the neurovascular structures and perforators.

Materials and Methods We did a retrospective review of all the PICA aneurysms operated at our institute in the past 10 years along with the site, presentation, and approach used for the same. Preoperative World Federation of Neurosurgical Society scores and follow-up modified Rankin scores (mRS) were also evaluated. During the same period, data for intervention cases of PICA aneurysm were also collected with follow-ups for a comparative analysis.

Results A total of 20 patients with 21 PICA aneurysms were reviewed. All the reviewed cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the most common location was the lateral medullary segment and vertebral artery (VA)–PICA junction. Midline approaches were used for distal PICA cases, with far-lateral approach reserved for anterior medullary/VA–PICA junction. No lower cranial nerve palsies were recorded at follow-up. Four cases needed cerebrospinal fluid diversion and two developed cerebellar infarcts. All cases were mRS 0 to 2 at follow-up.

Conclusion Our series compares well with some of the larger surgical series of PICA aneurysms. This may be due to early referral patterns and early surgery (<24 hours) policy at our institution. Anatomical knowledge of PICA anatomy and sound perioperative management are keys to good outcomes in these cases.
Mal de Debarquement Syndrome
Authors: Saha Kamala , Cha Yoon-Hee
Published: January 2020

Mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) is a disorder of persistent vertigo characterized by a feeling of oscillation such as rocking, bobbing, or swaying. It is triggered by passive motion, typically by exposure to water, air, or land transportation. This syndrome affects middle-aged individuals who are predominantly women. MdDS presents as a balance disorder that carries significant risk of morbidity due to both the direct effects of balance impairment and associated symptoms of fatigue, cognitive slowing, and visual motion intolerance. The Barany Society will be publishing criteria for diagnosing persistent MdDS. In addition, more insight has been gained into the pathophysiology of MdDS, with current hypotheses pointing to a cerebral and cerebellar basis. Treatments have expanded beyond medication trials, and now include the use of noninvasive brain stimulation and readaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.
Risk Factors for Parenting Stress in Parents of Children Treated with Laser Surgery for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome 2 Years Postpartum
Authors: Schifsky Kelly , Deavenport-Saman Alexis , Mamey Mary Rose , Sheth Nidhi , Mirzaian Christine B. , Schrager Sheree M. , Chmait Ramen H. , Vanderbilt Douglas L.
Published: January 2020

Objective Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a rare but serious condition that can occur in monochorionic and diamniotic twin pregnancies. Research indicates almost half of postpartum mothers with TTTS may have clinically significant levels of stress. However, no studies have measured the levels of parenting stress at 2 years postpartum, and little research has been conducted on sources of stress.

Study Design A prospective cohort study was conducted. Data were collected from parents whose children were treated with laser ablation in utero and were 2 years old at the time of screening. The Parenting Stress Index - Short Form (PSI-SF) and its three subscales were used to collect data. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine significant predictors associated with each outcome.

Results A total of 99 children from 56 families were enrolled. Unmarried status (B = –22.8; p = 0.039) and lower maternal educational level (B = –7.8; p = 0.01) were both significantly associated with higher PSI-SF total score.

Conclusion Subgroups of parents whose pregnancy required laser surgery for TTTS may continue to have clinically significant levels of stress at 2 years postpartum. It is important the health care team is aware of this and the sociodemographic risk factors to provide appropriate support for families.
Vascular Injuries following Knee Dislocation
Authors: Stannard James P. , Schreiner Anna J.
Published: January 2020

Knee dislocations (KDs) are frequently found in high-energy impact injuries, ranging from automobile accidents to contact sports. KDs require careful examination due to the limb-threatening nature of these injuries. A key examination in any KD comprises a proper assessment of the vascular status. The risk of popliteal artery injury with a KD has varied from 7 to 40%, with more contemporary studies reporting injury in the range of 7 to 15%. The notion of mandatory emergent arteriography was challenged in the trauma literature as several small retrospective studies suggested that selective arteriography was a safe and effective treatment protocol. New imaging modalities have evolved and have found their way into trauma surgery. Computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography are two contemporary imaging modalities that have different characteristics as well as availability. Arteriography has been the gold standard and is a reliable and proven method of evaluation. However, it has a number of negative aspects that must be considered when determining the ideal imaging for a patient following KD. Besides cost savings of about more than US$500,000, conventional arteriography, which comprises the use of X-ray, arterial puncture and cannulation, and the use of contrast agents containing iodine, has got a complication rate as high as 9% and more patient discomfort compared with the new imaging modalities. This clinical practice review documents that our algorithm of clinical examination first combined with advanced imaging in cases with abnormalities documented on examination is a safe and prudent policy in treating patients following KD.
Quantitative evaluation of the impact of artificial cell adhesion via DNA hybridization on E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion
Authors: Togo Shodai , Sato Ken , Kawamura Ryuzo , Kobayashi Naritaka , Noiri Makoto , Nakabayashi Seiichiro , Teramura Yuji , Yoshikawa Hiroshi Y.
Published: January 2020

Programmable cell adhesion with DNA hybridization is a promising approach for fabricating various tissue architectures without sophisticated instrumentation. However, little is known about how this artificial interaction influences the binding of cell adhesion proteins, E-cadherin. In this work, we designed a planar and fluid lipid membrane displaying E-cadherin and/or single-strand DNA with well-defined densities. Visualization of cells on membranes by fluorescence and interference microscopy revealed cell adhesion to be a two-step process: artificial adhesion by DNA hybridization within a few minutes followed by biological adhesion via cadherin-cadherin binding within hours. Furthermore, we discovered that DNA hybridization can substantially facilitate E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. The promotive effect is probably due to the enforced binding between E-cadherin molecules in geometrical confinement between two membranes. Our in vitro model of cell adhesion can potentially be used to design functional synthetic molecules that can regulate cell adhesion via cell adhesion proteins for tissue engineering.
Reduction of oxygen vacancy concentration and large enhancement of electrical performances in Cu/Sb co-doped Bi4Ti3O12 high temperature piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Li Xudong , Zhu Lingli , Huang Peiming , Chen Zhenning , Bai Wangfeng , Li Lili , Wen Fei , Zheng Peng , Wu Wei , Zheng Liang , Zhang Yang
Published: January 2020

High oxygen vacancy concentration produced by bismuth volatilization during the sintering process has become one of the most important obstacles for the practical applications of Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT)-based high temperature piezoelectric ceramics. In this work, Cu and Sb were selected to modify the oxygen vacancy concentration and the electrical properties of the BIT ceramic. The crystal structure, microstructure, electrical conduction behaviors, and piezoelectric properties of Bi4Ti3 − x(Cu1/3Sb2/3)xO12 (BTCS) (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.035, 0.04, and 0.05) ceramics were investigated in detail. Codoping significantly reduced the oxygen vacancy concentration and resulted in enhanced electrical resistivity along with improved piezoelectric properties. The BTCS ceramic with x = 0.035 exhibited optimized comprehensive performances such as a remarkable DC resistivity of 1.40 × 107 Ω cm at 500 °C and a relatively large piezoelectric coefficient (24 pC/N). Furthermore, the ceramic also showed good thermal stability of the piezoelectric coefficient and an excellent fatigue behavior. These results demonstrate the great potentials of Cu/Sb codoped BIT ceramics for piezoelectric device applications at high temperatures up to 500 °C.
FeBNbP nanocrystalline alloy powder with high amorphous forming ability and high B
s for magnetic core
Authors: Hasegawa A. , Kumaoka H. , Kajiura Y. , Hosono M. , Yoshidome K. , Mori S. , Horino K. , Matsumoto H.
Published: January 2020

The influence of P content on amorphous forming ability and the magnetic characteristics were investigated in the FeBNbP nanocrystalline alloys using metallic ribbons. The Fe84-xB9Nb7Px(x=0-3) and Fe80B10Nb7P3 nanocrystalline alloy metallic ribbons prepared by a single-roller melt-spinning method. The Fe84-xB9Nb7Px (x=0-3) and Fe80B10Nb7P3 nanocrystalline alloys annealed at 873-923 K consist of stable α-Fe grain formed in a residual amorphous phase, and the nanocrystal α-Fe grain showed the average diameter from 6.3 to 7.7 nm. The critical thickness of ribbons indicating amorphous forming ability was increased from 20 μm to 68.7 μm with Fe81B9Nb7P3 by increasing P content. The Fe81B9Nb7P3 alloy also exhibited a high saturation magnetic flux density, Bs, of 1.51 T. In addition, Fe81B9Nb7P3 alloy indicated a good magnetic softness with a low coercivity, Hc, of 4.8 A/m. The Fe80B10Nb7P3 alloy increasing B content succeeded to obtain the powder with precursor of a stable amorphous phase by rapid quenching gas atomization method.
Magnetization switching in superlattice via thermal spin transfer torque
Authors: Priyadarshi Pankaj , Muralidharan Bhaskaran
Published: January 2020

We theoretically investigate the switching characteristics of ferromagnets in the superlattice-like magnetic tunnel junction devices due to temperature bias. The critical switching spin current obstructs the anomaly flipping of magnetization in the stable condition of operation. We exploit the optical analog of anti-reflection in MTJ device design to harness its boxcar transmission feature. Using the non-equilibrium Green’s function spin transport formalism, we analyze the thermal spin-transfer torque switching in normal and anti-reflected superlattice configurations. It is observed that the operating temperature for complete flipping of magnetization in the case of anti-reflected superlattice is quite smaller than the normal superlattice. We also evaluate the thermal tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of both the device configurations and conclude that the switching and TMR ratio are the two different phenomena when a device operates on the temperature gradient alone. The discussed temperature variation is practically achievable with localized short laser pulses.
Long-lived charge separation in two-dimensional ligand-perovskite heterostructures
Authors: Deng Shibin , Snaider Jordan M. , Gao Yao , Shi Enzheng , Jin Linrui , Schaller Richard D. , Dou Letian , Huang Libai
Published: January 2020

Rational design of heterojunctions using nanostructured materials is a useful strategy for achieving efficient interfacial charge separation in photovoltaics. Heterojunctions can be constructed between the organic ligands and the inorganic layers in two-dimensional perovskites, taking advantage of their highly programmable structures. Here, we investigate charge transfer and recombination at the interface between the thiophene-based semiconducting ligands and the lead halide inorganic sublattices using time-resolved photoluminescence and transient reflection spectroscopy in single two-dimensional perovskite crystals. These measurements demonstrate the charge transfer time around 10 ps and long-lived charge-separated state over the nanosecond time scale in two-dimensional ligand-perovskite heterostructures. The efficient charge transfer processes coupled with slow charge recombination suggest the potential for improving exciton dissociation and charge transport in two-dimensional perovskite solar cells.
Gold nanoparticle on semiconductor quantum dot: Do surface ligands influence Fermi level equilibration
Authors: Sandeep K. , Manoj B. , Thomas K. George
Published: January 2020

Semiconductor–metal heterojunction nanostructures possess an ability to store electrons upon photoexcitation through Fermi level equilibration. The unique role of capping ligands in modulating the equilibration of Fermi level in CdSe–Au heteronanostructures is explored by taking alkyl thiols and alkyl amines as examples. Alkyl thiol having its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) above the valence band of the heterojunction nanostructure inhibits the exciton recombination by scavenging the photogenerated hole. This leads to the elevation in the Fermi level of Au and equilibration with the conduction band of CdSe. The Fermi level equilibrated electrons are further transferred to an acceptor molecule such as methyl viologen, demonstrating the potential of heterojunction nanostructures capped with hole accepting ligands for charge transport application in photovoltaics. In contrast, alkyl amine being a non-hole acceptor ligand with its HOMO placed below its valence band promotes rapid Au mediated exciton recombination, limiting its usefulness in charge transport application. Thus, the energetics of ligands on heterojunction nanostructures plays a decisive role in Fermi level equilibration.
Investigating photoresponsivity of graphene-silver hybrid nanomaterials in the ultraviolet
Authors: Deshpande Preeti , Suri Priyanka , Jeong Hyeon-Ho , Fischer Peer , Ghosh Arindam , Ghosh Ambarish
Published: January 2020

There have been several reports of plasmonically enhanced graphene photodetectors in the visible and the near infrared regime but rarely in the ultraviolet. In a previous work, we have reported that a graphene-silver hybrid structure shows a high photoresponsivity of 13 A/W at 270 nm. Here, we consider the likely mechanisms that underlie this strong photoresponse. We investigate the role of the plasmonic layer and examine the response using silver and gold nanoparticles of similar dimensions and spatial arrangement. The effect on local doping, strain, and absorption properties of the hybrid is also probed by photocurrent measurements and Raman and UV-visible spectroscopy. We find that the local doping from the silver nanoparticles is stronger than that from gold and correlates with a measured photosensitivity that is larger in devices with a higher contact area between the plasmonic nanomaterials and the graphene layer.
Simplified and highly stable thermal Lattice Boltzmann method simulation of hybrid nanofluid thermal convection at high Rayleigh numbers
Authors: Ma Yuan , Yang Zhigang
Published: January 2020

A new method called simplified and highly stable thermal lattice Boltzmann method, which is based on the lattice Boltzmann framework, was used to simulate the hybrid nanofluid natural convection and heat transfer in a square enclosure with a heating obstacle at high Rayleigh numbers. Four fins protrude from the heating obstacle to affect the flow pattern and heat transfer performance. The effects of the Rayleigh number (106 ≤ Ra ≤ 109), nanoparticle volume fraction (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.05), and length of the fin (0.1 ≤ h ≤ 0.3) on the flow pattern, temperature distribution, and heat transfer characteristics were illustrated and analyzed. To validate the present method, the benchmark simulation results were performed. Three kinds of flow patterns (steady symmetry, unsteady symmetry, and unsteady asymmetry) can be identified at various Rayleigh numbers. At different lengths of fins, the critical Rayleigh number of flow pattern transition (from steady symmetry to steady asymmetry and from steady asymmetry to unsteady asymmetry) is different. ϕ and h also significantly affect the flow pattern. At higher ϕ, the flow inside the enclosure is steadier and the effect of h on the flow pattern varies at different Ra.
Small matrix disentanglement of the path integral: Overcoming the exponential tensor scaling with memory length
Authors: Makri Nancy
Published: January 2020

The discretized path integral expression for the reduced density matrix (RDM) of a system interacting with a dissipative harmonic bath is fully entangled because of influence functional terms that couple the variables at different time points. The iterative decomposition of the path integral, which exploits the finite length of influence functional memory, involves a tensor propagator whose size grows exponentially with the memory length. The present Communication disentangles the path integral by recursively spreading the temporal entanglement over longer path segments, while decreasing its contribution. Eventually, the entangled term becomes sufficiently small and may be neglected, leading to iterative propagation of the RDM through simple multiplication of matrices whose size is equal to that of the bare system. It is found that the temporal entanglement length is practically equal to the bath-induced memory length. The small matrix decomposition of the path integral (SMatPI) is stable and very efficient, extending the applicability of numerically exact real-time path integral methods to multi-state systems.
Atomization of acoustically levitated droplet exposed to hot gases
Authors: Wei Yanju , Yang Yajing , Zhang Jie , Deng Shengcai , Liu Shenghua , Law Chung K , Saha Abhishek
Published: January 2020

We, herein, report a fatal instability in an acoustically levitated droplet when exposed to hot product gases of a flame. The initially stable millimeter size droplets were observed to undergo a critical deformation and, subsequently, strong and continuous equatorial atomization, in the form of daughter droplets with a diameter less than 100 μm. Subsequent analysis using a numerical simulation have shown that such thermally induced atomization is caused by dramatic changes in the acoustic pressure around the evaporating droplet due to the presence of a large amount of binary molecules, a critical aspect which was not accounted for in previous analyses of such instabilities.
Encapsulation and substitution of Fe in C12A7 (12CaO⋅7Al2O3)
Authors: Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Gkanas Evangelos , Chroneos Alexander
Published: January 2020

Framework modification by doping of Fe3+ ions in C12A7 has been recently considered for tailoring its thermal, electronic, and optical properties. Here, we use density functional theory calculations to predict the thermodynamical stability and electronic structures of a single Fe atom encapsulated and substituted by both stoichiometric and electride forms of C12A7. In both forms, exoergic encapsulation is observed, and the resultant complexes exhibit magnetic behavior inferring that they are promising magnetic material candidates for spintronic devices. While the electride form of C12A7 transfers 0.86e to Fe, only a small amount of charge (0.14e) is transferred from Fe to the cages in the stoichiometric form. Substitution of Fe for Al in both forms of C12A7 is endoergic, and the electride form is more favorable by 1.60 eV than the stoichiometric form. Both encapsulation and substitution introduce Fe sub-bands between the top of the valence band and the Fermi energy level, featuring them as promising materials in catalysis, optics, and electronics.
Shapes of a rising miscible droplet
Authors: Vorobev Anatoliy , Zagvozkin Timofey , Lyubimova Tatyana
Published: January 2020

We model the buoyancy-driven motion of a liquid droplet in an ambient liquid, assuming that the liquids are miscible. The classical representation of miscible liquids as a single-phase fluid with impurity (neglecting surface tension effects) cannot describe all experimental observations of moving droplets in a miscible environment, in particular, the tendency of droplets to pull to a spherical shape. In the framework of the classical approach, we show that the motion of a miscible droplet results in its instant dispersion (except for a very slow rise). We also model the motion of a miscible droplet in the framework of the phase-field approach, taking into account surface tension forces. We vary the value of the surface tension coefficient within a very wide range, modeling a droplet that rises preserving a spherical shape, or a droplet which dynamically becomes indistinguishable from the droplet with an interface endowed with no surface tension. We also show that by employing the concept of dynamic surface tension, one may reproduce the motion of a droplet that pulls into a sphere in the initial period of its evolution and that disintegrates similar to a droplet with zero surface tension at the later stages.
Grain boundary Li-ion conductivity in (Li0.33La0.56)TiO3 polycrystal
Authors: Sasano Shun , Ishikawa Ryo , Kawahara Kazuaki , Kimura Teiichi , Ikuhara Yumi H. , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi
Published: January 2020

Lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) is one of the promising solid-state Li-ion electrolytes for an all-solid-state Li-ion battery system. Although LLTO shows a significantly high Li-ion conductivity of 2.2 × 10−3 S cm−1 in the bulk, the Li-ion conductivity at the grain boundary is largely reduced to 4.2 × 10−5 S cm−1, which prevents the practical application of solid-state Li-ion electrolytes. To solve this problem, the origin of such a low Li-ion conductivity at the grain boundary should be clarified. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the Li-ion conductivity and the geometric structure of the grain boundary in the (Li0.33La0.56)TiO3 polycrystal by using electrochemical strain microscopy in atomic force microscopy combined with electron backscatter diffraction in scanning electron microscopy. The experimental data suggest that the Li-ion conductivity is significantly reduced at the random grain boundaries but not at the coincidence-site-lattice (CSL) grain boundaries. Such a small reduction of the Li-ion conductivity at the CSL grain boundaries may originate from the smaller increment of the activation energy, owing to less composition deviations and less structural distortions at the CSL grain boundaries. These results suggest that it is effective to control the geometries of the grain boundaries for further improvement of the Li-ion conductivity in LLTO.
A versatile and compact high-intensity electron beam for multi-kGy irradiation in nano- or micro-electronic devices
Authors: Gobet F. , Gardelle J. , Versteegen M. , Courtois L. , Leblanc S. , Méot V.
Published: January 2020

A compact low-energy and high-intensity electron source for material aging applications is presented. A laser-induced plasma moves inside a 30 kV diode and produces a 5 MW electron beam at the anode location. The corresponding dose that can be deposited into silicon or gallium samples is estimated to be 25 kGy per laser shot. The dose profile strongly depends on the cathode voltage and can be adjusted from 100 nm to 1 μm. With this versatile source, a path is opened to study micro- or nano-electronic components under high irradiation, without the standard radioprotection issues.
A method for estimating the socioeconomic impact of Earth observations in wildland fire suppression decisions
Authors: Herr Vincent , Kochanski Adam K. , Miller Van V. , McCrea Rich , O'Brien Dan , Mandel Jan
Published: January 2020

A method for estimating the socioeconomic impact of Earth observations is proposed and deployed. The core of the method is the analysis of outcomes of hypothetical fire suppression scenarios generated using a coupled atmosphere–fire behaviour model, based on decisions made by an experienced wildfire incident management team with and without the benefits of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite observations and the WRF-SFIRE wildfire behaviour simulation system. The scenarios were based on New Mexico’s 2011 Las Conchas fire. For each scenario, fire break line location decisions served as inputs to the model, generating fire progression outcomes. Fire model output was integrated with a property database containing thousands of coordinates and property values and other asset values to estimate the total losses associated with each scenario. An attempt to estimate the socioeconomic impact of satellite and modelling data used during the decision-making process was made. We analysed the impact of Earth observations and include considerations for estimating other socioeconomic impacts.