bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and predictors of surgical site infection in women who are obese and give birth by elective caesarean section: A secondary analysis
Authors: Chaboyer Wendy , Ellwood David , Thalib Lukman , Kumar Sailesh , Mahomed Kassam , Kang Evelyn , Gillespie Brigid M.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Surgical site infection (SSI) after a caesarean section is of concern (CS) is of concern to both clinicians and women themselves.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to identify the cumulative incidence and predictors of SSI in women who are obese and give birth by elective CS.

Materials and Methods:

The method used was planned secondary analysis of data from women with a pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 giving birth by elective CS in a multicentre randomised controlled trial of a prophylactic closed‐incision negative pressure wound therapy dressing. Data were collected from medical records, direct observations of the surgical site and self‐reported signs and symptoms from October 2015 to December 2019. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition was used to identify SSI. Women were followed up once in hospital just before discharge and then weekly for four weeks after discharge. Blinded outcome assessors determined SSI. After the cumulative incidence of SSI was calculated, multiple variable logistic regression models were used to identify independent risk factors for SSI.

Results:

SSI incidence in 1459 women was 8.4% (122/1459). Multiple variable‐adjusted odds ratios (OR) for SSI were BMI ≥40 kg/m2 (OR 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–1.86) as compared to BMI 30–34.9 0 kg/m2, ≥2 previous pregnancies (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.00–1.80) as compared to no previous pregnancies and pre‐CS vaginal cleansing (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.99).

Conclusions:

Our findings may inform preoperative counselling and shared decision‐making regarding planned elective CS for women with pre‐pregnancy BMI ≥30 kg/m2.
Causal Inference with Latent Treatments
Authors: Fong Christian , Grimmer Justin
Published: September 2021

Social scientists are interested in the effects of low‐dimensional latent treatments within texts, such as the effect of an attack on a candidate in a political advertisement. We provide a framework for causal inference with latent treatments in high‐dimensional interventions. Using this framework, we show that the randomization of texts alone is insufficient to identify the causal effects of latent treatments, because other unmeasured treatments in the text could confound the measured treatment's effect. We provide a set of assumptions that is sufficient to identify the effect of latent treatments and a set of strategies to make these assumptions more plausible, including explicitly adjusting for potentially confounding text features and nontraditional experimental designs involving many versions of the text. We apply our framework to a survey experiment and an observational study, demonstrating how our framework makes text‐based causal inferences more credible.
Letter: is wireless oesophageal pH monitoring the best technique to evaluate night‐time reflux?
Authors: Ribolsi Mentore , Savarino Edoardo
Published: September 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Oude Nijhuis et al and Schuitenmaker et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16447 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16586
Pregabalin poisoning: Evaluation of dose‐toxicity relationship
Authors: Rietjens Saskia J. , Sikma Maaike A. , Hunault Claudine C. , de Lange Dylan W. , Hondebrink Laura
Published: September 2021

Context

Pregabalin poisoning is mostly benign, although coma and convulsions occasionally occur.

Aim

To determine the dose‐toxicity relationship of pregabalin.

Methods

Dose‐toxicity data of isolated pregabalin poisonings were collected from (1) a prospective study performed by the Dutch Poisons Information Centre (4 April 2014 to 4 October 2016) and from (2) case reports and case series reported in literature. Poisonings were graded using the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) and the relationship between dose (mg kg−1) and PSS was evaluated.

Results

In our study (n = 21 patients), the most commonly observed symptoms were drowsiness (62%), confusion (29%) and apathy (24%). PSS was none in three (14%), minor in 15 (71%), and moderate in three patients (14%). Most case series also reported a PSS of none to minor in the majority of poisonings (69‐100%). For 34 individual patients (21 from our study and 13 from literature), detailed data on dose and clinical course were available to examine the dose‐toxicity relationship.

The median dose was significantly lower in the PSS none‐minor group (“benign”) (8.6 mg kg−1, interquartile range (IQ25‐75) 5.0‐17.6 mg kg−1) than in the PSS moderate‐severe group (“significant toxicity”) (46.7 mg kg−1, IQ25‐75 21.3‐64.3 mg kg−1); estimate of the median difference = 27.3 mg kg−1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 10‐48.6).

Conclusions

In general, higher pregabalin doses result in more severe poisonings. Below 20 mg kg−1 the majority of patients (83%) only suffer from mild poisoning. However, large interindividual differences exist in pregabalin‐induced toxicity. Therefore, pre‐hospital triage should not only include pregabalin dose, but also underlying illnesses, co‐exposures and reported symptoms.
Prescription opioid use in Australian women of reproductive age: Implications for unplanned pregnancies
Authors: Varney Bianca , Zoega Helga , Gillies Malcolm Bjørn , Brett Jonathan , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Havard Alys
Published: September 2021

Aims

To examine trends in the prevalence and incidence of prescription opioid analgesic use in Australian women of reproductive age and to estimate the number of calendar months each year that women were dispensed opioids.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional study involving women aged 15–44 years using pharmaceutical dispensing claims for a 10% random sample of Australians. For the period 2013–2020, we calculated the annual prevalence and incidence of opioid analgesic dispensing per 100 (%) population by opioid type and age group. We also estimated the total number of calendar months that women were dispensed at least 1 opioid each year.

Results

The prevalence of opioid use decreased from 12.8% in 2013 to 11.3% in 2020, representing a relative decrease of 11.6% (95% confidence interval 10.7, 12.6%). The incidence of opioid use decreased from 10.3% in 2014 to 8.3% in 2020, representing a relative decrease of 18.6% (95% confidence interval 17.6, 19.6%). Codeine in combination products, followed by oxycodone and tramadol, were the most prevalent opioids. Prevalence and incidence of opioid use were lowest in women aged 15–19 years and the highest in women 30 years and above. Among all women dispensed opioids, 72.7% were dispensed an opioid in only 1 month each year.

Conclusion

Prescription opioid use remains common, although decreasing, among women of reproductive age in Australia. However, it is reassuring that the majority of opioid use in this population is short term.
Leveraging genetic data to investigate the effects of interleukin‐6 receptor signalling on levels of 40 circulating cytokines
Authors: Rahman Rezbieara P. , McEwan Lauren , Ryan David K. , Gill Dipender
Published: September 2021

Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) is a circulating cytokine implicated in inflammatory processes. However, the broad effects of IL‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) signalling on other circulating cytokines is not known. Using summary‐level data from genome‐wide association studies, we leveraged genetic variants that proxy IL‐6R signalling in two‐sample Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate effects on levels of 40 circulating cytokines. Increased genetically proxied IL‐6R signalling was associated with reduced levels of 10 circulating interleukins, chemokines and growth factors. The significant results include IL‐10 (Mendelian randomization estimate −0.306, standard error [SE] 0.093), IL‐4 (estimate −0.393, SE 0.1007), eotaxin (estimate −0.510, SE 0.1213) and Fibroblast growth factor (estimate −0.334, SE 0.1005). The findings from this study support the feedback effects of IL‐6R signalling on reducing levels of some circulating cytokines and identify compensatory mechanisms that maybe modulating its inflammatory effects. These results provide insight into the mechanisms by which IL‐6R signalling may be contributing to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Deep learning versus ophthalmologists for screening for glaucoma on fundus examination: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Buisson Mathieu , Navel Valentin , Labbé Antoine , Watson Stephanie L. , Baker Julien S. , Murtagh Patrick , Chiambaretta Frédéric , Dutheil Frédéric
Published: September 2021

Background

In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to compare deep learning versus ophthalmologists in glaucoma diagnosis on fundus examinations.

Method

PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and ScienceDirect databases were searched for studies reporting a comparison between the glaucoma diagnosis performance of deep learning and ophthalmologists on fundus examinations on the same datasets, until 10 December 2020. Studies had to report an area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) with SD or enough data to generate one.

Results

We included six studies in our meta‐analysis. There was no difference in AUC between ophthalmologists (AUC = 82.0, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 65.4–98.6) and deep learning (97.0, 89.4–104.5). There was also no difference using several pessimistic and optimistic variants of our meta‐analysis: the best (82.2, 60.0–104.3) or worst (77.7, 53.1–102.3) ophthalmologists versus the best (97.1, 89.5–104.7) or worst (97.1, 88.5–105.6) deep learning of each study. We did not retrieve any factors influencing those results.

Conclusion

Deep learning had similar performance compared to ophthalmologists in glaucoma diagnosis from fundus examinations. Further studies should evaluate deep learning in clinical situations.
On the importance of defendable resources for social evolution: Applying new techniques to a long‐standing question
Authors: Jungwirth Arne , Nührenberg Paul , Jordan Alex
Published: September 2021

Cooperative behaviour often co‐occurs with the defence of key resources, typically in the form of a breeding site or territory communally exploited by a group of cooperating individuals. Nevertheless, not all animals that defend resources evolve advanced forms of cooperation and sociality—many non‐cooperative species occupy resources that do not differ in obvious ways from those inhabited by cooperative species. A key question is thus whether cooperation confers more subtle benefits, for example by allowing access to higher quality resources through competitive exclusion of less social rivals. In other words, it is not clear whether defendable resources are a necessary precondition for sociality or whether they also contribute to the maintenance and enhancement of cooperative societies. Here, we highlight how advances in imaging technology, machine‐learning, and environmental reconstruction enable the collection of behavioural and ecological data in unparalleled quantity and quality to address this question. These new techniques are especially suited to compare small‐scale differences in resource use between cooperative and non‐cooperative species that share a general habitat and have similar ecologies. The lamprologine cichlids of Lake Tanganyika are a prominent example of such a system and Michael Taborsky's pioneering work on this group has done much to promote these fishes as models of social evolution. We show that habitat features indicative of increased resource quality, namely increased stone cover, are indeed associated with the distribution of cooperative cichlids—at least where these resources are relatively scarce. We thus support a point Michael Taborsky made in 1981: the evolution of cooperative behaviour among cichlids is tied to their close association with a crucial resource, the substrate in which they hide and breed. In the future, the techniques we introduce here will allow to also investigate whether this substrate is indeed more than just the necessary precondition for cooperation among fishes; in addition, they will likely find application in a wide range of research fields interested in the interplay between biotic and abiotic environmental factors.
Shimajiri Group equivalent sedimentary rocks dredged from sea knolls off Kume Island, central Ryukyus: Implications for timing and mode of rifting of the middle Okinawa Trough back‐arc basin
Authors: Kikunaga Ritoko , Song Ke‐han , Chiyonobu Shun , Fujita Kazuhiko , Shinjo Ryuichi , Okino Kyoko
Published: September 2021

The late Cenozoic geohistory of the Ryukyu arc is closely related to the rifting history of the Okinawa Trough. The submarine geology and stratigraphy of areas around Kume Island, which is situated near the eastern rifted margin of the middle Okinawa Trough, provide key constraints to understand the timing and mode of Okinawa Trough rifting. Here we report the lithology of sedimentary rocks dredged along slopes of ~1000‐m‐deep sea knolls located north and northwest off Kume Island, and their depositional ages determined by calcareous nannofossils and strontium (Sr) isotope analyses. Various types of sedimentary rocks, such as siltstone, very fine‐grained sandstone, medium‐grained sandstone, fossiliferous coarse‐grained sandstone, and tuffaceous sandstone, were recovered at two dredge sites. These sedimentary rocks are lithologically similar to those in the Aka Formation and a part of the Maja Formation of the Shimajiri Group in nearby Kume Island. Calcareous nannofossils and Sr isotope analyses indicate their depositional ages from the early Pliocene to the early Pleistocene, which are generally consistent with those of the Aka Formation. The finding of the dredged rocks similar in lithology and ages to the Aka Formation indicates that marine deltaic area continued toward north and northwest from Kume Island during these periods. The presence of the Shimajiri Group equivalent sedimentary rocks at the dredge sites are likely related to the main rifting of the Okinawa Trough after ca. 2 Ma in the central Ryukyus.
Effects on Al2O3 and La2O3 additions on electrochemical performances of laser‐cladded WC10Co4Cr coatings
Authors: Jiangzheng Shi , Dejun Kong
Published: September 2021

Al2O3 and La2O3‐reinforced WC10Co4Cr coatings were fabricated on Cr12MoV steel by laser cladding (LC). The microstructure and phases of obtained coatings were analyzed using a digital microscopic system (DMS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The effects of Al2O3 and La2O3 mass fractions on the electrochemical corrosion performances of WC10Co4Cr coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated on an electrochemical workstation. The results show that the WC10Co4Cr with the different Al2O3 mass fractions are composed of Co4W2C, WC, Al2O3, W2C, and Fe‐Cr phases, and the La2O3‐reinforced WC10Co4Cr‐Al2O3 coatings are composed of WC, W2C, Al2O3, La2O3, LaAlO3, and Fe‐Cr phases. The corrosion current density icorrof the substrate, WC10Co4Cr‐Al2O3, and WC10Co4Cr‐Al2O3‐La2O3 coatings decreases from 2.424 × 10−5 to 6.840 × 10−7 A•cm−2; and the corresponding polarization resistance Rp and charge transfer resistance Rct increase from 1371 to 64 536 Ω•cm2 and from 1568 to 14 020 Ω•cm2, respectively. The La2O3‐reinforced WC10Co4Cr‐Al2O3 coatings have higher electrochemical corrosion resistance than the Al2O3‐reinforced WC10Co4Cr coatings, and the WC10Co4Cr‐6%Al2O3‐9%La2O3 coating presents the highest electrochemical corrosion resistance among all the experimental coatings.
Application of an optimized interpretation model in capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis for newborn thalassemia screening
Authors: Zou Jie , Huang Shuodan , Xi Hui , Huang Cidan , Zou Lin , Qiu Li , Nie Xinghui , Zhou Jin , Zhuang Yuchang , Chen Yajun , Xie Longxu , Liu Nansong , Lin Jiafu
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Newborn screening is an important supplement to thalassemia control and prevention. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) technology has several advantages for thalassemia screening but with low sensitivity, especially for thalassemia carriers. This study aims to illustrate the application of an optimized interpretation model in newborn thalassemia screening by capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis.

Methods

Two thousand, two hundred fifty‐eight neonates selected from four regions in China were enrolled and were screened for α‐thalassemia and β‐thalassemia by capillary electrophoresis. Results were interpreted based on an optimized model integrated with multiple parameters. Molecular analysis was carried out in synchrony and used as the gold standard for the screening performance assessment. The consistency among different regions and thalassemia genotypes were also investigated.

Results

Among the 2258 neonates, 485 were identified to have a likely diagnosis of thalassemia, and 422 α‐thalassemia, 80 β‐thalassemia, and 21 α/β‐thalassemia cases were confirmed by molecular analysis, including 277 α‐thalassemia silent carriers, 135 α‐thalassemia trait carriers, 10 Hemoglobin H disease, and 80 β‐thalassemia trait carriers. The screening sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value for α‐thalassemia and β‐thalassemia were 84.83%, 99.14%, 95.98%, 96.41%, and 88.75%, 98.73%, 76.34%, and 99.48%, respectively. The optimized interpretation model showed higher performance for thalassemia carriers, though some neonates with silent α‐thalassemia genotypes (‐α3.7/αα, ‐α4.2/αα, and αWSα/αα) and β‐28/βN genotype were still missed. The screening performance among different regions was comparable.

Conclusions

Capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis with the optimized interpretation model shows reliable performance for newborn thalassemia screening. It is applicable to large‐scale population screening.
Electrical performance and ferroelectric phase transition characteristic in different oriented 0.73PMN‐0.27PT single crystals
Authors: Deng Tingyu , Fang Bijun , Di Wenning , Chen Ziyun , Chen Jianwei , Jiao Jie , Luo Haosu
Published: September 2021

The electrical and optical properties of (001)‐ and (110)‐oriented 0.73 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.27PbTiO3 single crystals are systematically investigated at various temperatures, both of which present a series of ferroelectric phase transition processes. Dielectric performance measurements reveal that the ferroelectric phase transition occurs over a temperature range, rather than at one temperature point. By testing the ferroelectric hysteresis P–E curves as well as bipolar and unipolar electric field‐induced strain S–E curves, the values of remnant polarization, coercive field, maximum strain, and converse piezoelectric constant d33* change considerably near the phase transition temperatures. Simultaneously, the 0.73PMN‐0.27PT single crystals with (001)‐ and (110)‐orientations under a low electric field show ultrahigh d33* values of 3540 and 2817 pm/V, respectively, which can be attributed to the electric field‐induced monoclinic and orthorhombic phases, respectively. The series of ferroelectric phase transitions upon heating, that is, from rhombohedral ferroelectric to monoclinic/orthorhombic, followed by from monoclinic/orthorhombic to tetragonal, and finally from tetragonal to cubic paraelectric, are further investigated via polarized light microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
Effect of packaging materials on the shelf‐life of vermicelli supplemented with enzyme processed kinnow pulp residue
Authors: Singla Gisha , Panesar Parmjit S. , Sangwan Rajender S. , Krishania Meena
Published: September 2021

Packaging material has important role in the shelf‐life of food products. The present study has been focused on effect of packaging materials‐low density polyethylene (LDPE) pouch and bi‐axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) pouch on the quality of vermicelli produced by supplementation of debittered kinnow pulp residue with storage time. The moisture content of supplemented vermicelli increased from 5.11 to 7.12% in LDPE pouches after 90 days and 5.11 to 6.98% in BOPP pouches after 180 days. Hardness decreased from 28.89 to 13.42 N in LDPE pouches after 90 days and 28.89 to 15.98 N in BOPP pouches after 180 days (p ˃ 0.05) during storage conditions. The total plate count was found to be more in vermicelli stored in LDPE pouches as compared to samples in BOPP pouches. On the basis of overall acceptability, the supplemented vermicelli samples packed in LDPE pouches were stable up to 90 days and in BOPP up to 180 days. BOPP has potential for commercial packaging for antioxidant‐rich extruded food products without adversely affecting their physiochemical and sensory properties.

Practical applications

Food industry waste consists of high amount of nutrients and minerals and fiber content, but due to bitterness causing compounds especially in citrus byproducts, these cannot be used directly in preparation of healthy extruded products. Enzyme debittering of kinnow juice industry byproducts was carried out and then supplemented into vermicelli. Study has been focused upon the storage stability of the supplemented extruded product in different packaging materials. The supplementation of enzyme debittered kinnow pulp residue can enhance the antioxidant activity and dietary fiber content of vermicelli besides value addition of the byproduct. Furthermore, BOPP has potential for commercial packaging without adversely affecting their physiochemical and sensory properties as compared to LDPE pouches.
Association between vitamin D status and long‐term falls‐related hospitalization risk in older women
Authors: Sim Marc , Zhu Kun , Lewis Joshua R. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Prince Richard L.
Published: September 2021

Background

The dose–response relationship of vitamin D status and the risk of serious falls requiring hospitalization in older women is unclear. We examined the association between plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) with falls‐related hospitalizations over 14.5 years in a large cohort of older women.

Methods

In 1348 community‐dwelling Australian women aged ≥70 years, plasma 25OHD concentrations were assessed at baseline (1998) using LC–MS/MS. Fall‐related hospitalizations were obtained from linked data systems. Baseline grip strength and timed‐up‐and‐go (TUG) were assessed as measures of muscle strength and physical function, respectively.

Results

Mean plasma 25OHD was 66.9 ± 28.2 nmol/L. The number of women in the low (LOW; <50 nmol/L), medium (MED; 50 to <75 nmol/L), and higher 25OHD (HIGH; ≥75 nmol/L) categories were 384 (28.5%), 491 (36.4%), and 473 (35.1%), respectively. In the multivariable‐adjusted analysis, compared to LOW, women in HIGH had significantly lower hazards for a falls‐related hospitalization (HR 0.76 95%CI 0.61–0.95). Restricted cubic spline regression models highlight increasing gradient of risk for a falls‐related hospitalization with decreasing 25OHD levels. Generalized additive modeling highlighted higher 25OHD to be associated with better TUG performance. Including TUG into the multivariable‐adjusted models did not alter the relationship between 25OHD and injurious falls (HIGH vs. LOW HR 0.76 95%CI 0.60–0.95).

Conclusions

In community‐dwelling older Australian women, maintaining plasma 25OHD at 75 nmol/L or above may confer benefits to muscle function and long‐term prevention of injurious falls requiring hospitalization. This relationship appears to be independent of better physical function observed in women with higher 25OHD levels.
Intracranial meningioma surveillance using volumetrics from T2‐weighted MRI
Authors: Raban David , Patel Sohil H. , Honce Justin M. , Rubinstein David , DeWitt Peter E. , Timpone Vincent M.
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose

The gold standard for imaging of meningiomas is MRI with gadolinium‐based contrast agent. Due to increased costs, time, and uncertain chronic effects of gadolinium exposure, use of noncontrast T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) in lieu of contrast‐enhanced MRI has been an increasing focus of research across various diagnostic scenarios. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of T2WI in detecting changes in meningioma tumor volume.

Methods

Imaging and clinical data were reviewed for 82 consecutive patients undergoing MR‐surveillance of intracranial meningioma. Using volumetric‐T2WI, two neuroradiologists independently calculated tumor volumes. Measurements were compared to a baseline study contrast‐enhanced T1 tumor volume. Using contrast‐enhanced sequences as the reference standard, statistical analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of T2WI in detecting changes of meningioma volume.

Results

Using only T2WI, readers detected meningioma volume change ≥ 20% in 19/82 patients and volume change <20% in 63/82 patients. Reader accuracy for detecting change in tumor volume on T2WI ≥ 20% was 0.85, sensitivity 0.65, specificity 0.93, positive predictive value (PPV) 0.79, and negative predictive value (NPV) 0.87. For meningiomas >1 ml, reader accuracy for detecting change in tumor volume on T2WI ≥20% was 0.90, sensitivity 0.78, specificity 0.95, PPV 0.88, and NPV 0.91. Change in tumor volume on T2WI ≥20% was detected with 100% accuracy for posterior fossa meningiomas. Inter‐reader agreement for all meningiomas was moderate (κ = 0.45) improving to substantial agreement (κ = 0.77) with tumor volumes >1 ml.

Conclusion

Volumetric‐T2WI detects changes in meningioma volume with comparable accuracy to gold standard T1 postcontrast imaging, particularly with higher tumor volumes and posterior fossa locations.
Radiomic signature of DWI‐FLAIR mismatch in large vessel occlusion stroke
Authors: Regenhardt Robert W. , Bretzner Martin , Zanon Zotin Maria Clara , Bonkhoff Anna K. , Etherton Mark R. , Hong Sungmin , Das Alvin S. , Alotaibi Naif M. , Vranic Justin E. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Stapleton Christopher J. , Patel Aman B. , Kuchcinski Gregory , Rost Natalia S. , Leslie‐Mazwi Thabele M.
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose

Ischemic diffusion‐weighted imaging‐fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (DWI‐FLAIR) mismatch may be useful in guiding acute stroke treatment decisions given its relationship to onset time and parenchymal viability; however, it relies on subjective grading. Radiomics is an emerging image quantification methodology that may objectively represent continuous image characteristics. We propose a novel radiomics approach to characterize DWI‐FLAIR mismatch.

Methods

Ischemic lesions were visually graded for FLAIR positivity (absent, subtle, obvious) among consecutive large vessel occlusion stroke patients who underwent hyperacute MRI. Radiomic features were extracted from within the lesions on DWI and FLAIR. The DWI‐FLAIR mismatch radiomics signature was built with features systematically selected by a cross‐validated ElasticNet linear regression model of mismatch.

Results

We identified 103 patients with mean age 68 ± 16 years; 63% were female. FLAIR hyperintensity was absent in 25%, subtle in 55%, and obvious in 20%. Inter‐rater agreement for visual grading was moderate (Κ = .58). The radiomics signature of DWI‐FLAIR mismatch included native FLAIR histogram kurtosis and local binary pattern‐filtered FLAIR gray‐level cluster shade; both correlated with visual grading (ρ = –.42, p < .001 and ρ = .40, p < .001, respectively).

Conclusions

Radiomics can describe DWI‐FLAIR mismatch and may provide objective, continuous biomarkers for infarct evolution using clinical‐grade images. These novel biomarkers may prove useful for treatment decisions and future research.
Factors limiting the availability of native seed for reconstructing Minnesota's prairies: stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Goldsmith Nicholas E. , Flint Shelby A. , Shaw Ruth G.
Published: September 2021

Views about sourcing plant material for restoration, habitat reconstruction, and revegetation have developed substantially in recent years. In particular, recognition of the prevalence of local adaptation has been incorporated into guidelines that now often recommend local sourcing of germplasm. Demand for these materials frequently outstrips supply, and land management professionals repeatedly report inadequate availability of plant materials at appropriate geographic scale and affordable price. Here, we use focus group interviews to investigate the obstacles impeding production and use of source‐identified native seeds in Minnesota prairie. Focus groups included both producers and users of locally sourced seeds and allowed for open‐ended conversations among professionals within each group. Participants emphasized that unpredictability in demand severely restricts supply. To increase use of locally sourced seeds in restorations, participants identified key priorities: working toward more consistent standards and policies, including revising those of agencies that manage lands; promoting awareness of large ramifications from small changes to relevant laws; increasing communication and education; and increasing the number of seed producers.
Arabidopsis CURLY LEAF functions in leaf immunity against fungal pathogens by concomitantly repressing SEPALLATA3 and activating ORA59
Authors: Singkaravanit‐Ogawa Suthitar , Kosaka Ayumi , Kitakura Saeko , Uchida Kotaro , Nishiuchi Takumi , Ono Erika , Fukunaga Satoshi , Takano Yoshitaka
Published: September 2021

Arabidopsis non‐host resistance against non‐adapted fungal pathogens including Colletotrichum fungi consists of pre‐invasive and post‐invasive immune responses. Here we report that non‐host resistance against non‐adapted Colletotrichum spp. in Arabidopsis leaves requires CURLY LEAF (CLF), which is critical for leaf development, flowering and growth. Microscopic analysis of pathogen behavior revealed a requirement for CLF in both pre‐ and post‐invasive non‐host resistance. The loss of a functional SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) gene, ectopically expressed in clf mutant leaves, suppressed not only the defect of the clf plants in growth and leaf development but also a defect in non‐host resistance against the non‐adapted Colletotrichum tropicale. However, the ectopic overexpression of SEP3 in Arabidopsis wild‐type leaves did not disrupt the non‐host resistance. The expression of multiple plant defensin (PDF) genes that are involved in non‐host resistance against C. tropicale was repressed in clf leaves. Moreover, the Octadecanoid‐responsive Arabidopsis 59 (ORA59) gene, which is required for PDF expression, was also repressed in clf leaves. Notably, when SEP3 was overexpressed in the ora59 mutant background, C. tropicale produced clear lesions in the inoculated leaves, indicating an impairment in non‐host resistance. Furthermore, ora59 plants overexpressing SEP3 exhibited a defect in leaf immunity to the adapted Colletotrichum higginsianum. Since the ora59 plants overexpressing SEP3 did not display obvious leaf curling or reduced growth, in contrast to the clf mutants, these results strongly suggest that concomitant SEP3 repression and ORA59 induction via CLF are required for Arabidopsis leaf immunity to Colletotrichum fungi, uncoupled from CLF’s function in growth and leaf development.
Suicide Risk, Changing Jobs, or Leaving the Nursing Profession in the Aftermath of a Patient Safety Incident
Authors: Stovall Mady , Hansen Lissi
Published: September 2021

Background

Nursing retention is a concern for healthcare systems, hospital administrators, and nurses who have spent considerable time and money to achieve educational goals. Nearly, 33% of nurses will drop out in the 2 years practice. Those who stay in practice face an increased risk of suicide when compared the general population.

Aims

To examine the relationship between nurse sociodemographic data and unique study variables with potential morally injurious outcomes (i.e., dropping out variables: changing jobs, intention to leave the profession, or suicidal thinking).

Methods

A descriptive, correlational study design was used to characterize the relationship between the sociodemographic data of 216 registered nurses (RNs) and patient safety and the suicidal behavioral questionnaire.

Results

RNs involved in a patient safety incident (PSI) considered changing jobs when the degree of harm was death (p < .001) or was unknown (p < .05) when compared with no harm. RNs were more likely to consider leaving the profession when the degree of harm to the patient was permanent (p < .01) or the patient died (p < .05) when compared with having no harm. RNs future suicidal thinking (i.e., their self‐reported likelihood of future suicidal behavior) was statistically significant when degree of harm to the patient was death (p < .05) as a result of a PSI (95% CI [1.11, 8.71]) when compared with no harm. The RNs who had suicidal thoughts over the past year compared with those without and the RNs with future suicidal thinking compared with those without, may respond differently in the aftermath of a PSI.

Linking evidence to action

This study served as a pioneering effort to the current understanding between nurse characteristics and patient harm and “dropping out” outcomes in RNs involved in PSIs. RNs involved with PSIs that led to more harm were more likely to change jobs, consider leaving the profession, or contemplate future suicide. These findings have important implications for nurses, administrative managers in healthcare organizations, and researchers.
Simulation Studies of the Sodium Hydraulic Behavior to Design a Mockup for Eddy Current Flowmeter Testing
Authors: Delacroix Hubert , Navacchia Frédéric
Published: September 2021

The Eddy current flowmeter sensor plays an important part in the instrumentation of the future sodium fast reactors, which will allow when located above the core to detect plugging (partial or total) of a subassembly and when located on the primary pump to measure core pressure drop and core flowrate. This article describes the predesign phase of a mockup for Eddy current flowmeter tests and qualifications under sodium conditions for the detection of a partial or full plugging of a fuel subassembly. These tests will be the first of their kind, as the Eddy current flowmeter had never been qualified at nominal conditions of a reactor core outlet (sodium temperature, velocity, and output flow).
Uncertainty in High-Pressure Stator Performance Measurement in an Annular Cascade at Engine-Representative Reynolds and Mach
Authors: Bhatnagar Lakshya , Paniagua Guillermo , Cuadrado David G. , Aye-Addo Papa Aye N. , Castillo Sauca Antonio , Lozano Francisco , Bloxham Matthew
Published: September 2021

The betterment of turbine performance plays a prime role in all future transportation and energy production systems. Precise uncertainty quantification of experimental measurement of any performance differential is therefore essential for turbine development programs. In this paper, the uncertainty analysis of loss measurements in a high-pressure turbine vane is presented. Tests were performed on a stator geometry at engine representative conditions in a new annular turbine module called BRASTA (big rig for annular stationary turbine analysis) located within the Purdue Experimental Turbine Aerothermal Lab. The aerodynamic probes are described, with emphasis on their calibration and uncertainty analysis, first considering single point measurement, followed by the spatial averaging implications. The change of operating conditions and flow blockage due to measurement probes are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics, and corrections are recommended on the measurement data. The test section and its characterization are presented, including calibration of the sonic valve. The sonic valve calibration is necessary to ensure a wide range of operation in Mach and Reynolds. Finally, the vane data are discussed, emphasizing their systematic and stochastic uncertainty.
Turbulent Channel Flow With Spatially Dependent Viscosity: A Numerical Study
Authors: Leite Victor Coppo , Merzari Elia
Published: September 2021

In this study, we examine in detail the effect of spatially dependent viscosity on wall-bounded flow. For this purpose, direct numerical simulations (DNS) are performed considering a channel flow with a viscosity change along the streamwise direction. The DNS were performed using nek5000, a computational fluid dynamics code developed at Argonne National Laboratory. The channel is divided into three different regions: in the first one, the flow is at a constant Reynolds number of Re = 5000; in the second region, the Reynolds number is imposed to linearly increase as viscosity decreases through a ramp; and finally, in the third region, the flow is again at a constant Reynolds number, this time at Re = 10,000. Since the temperature field is not evaluated, the proposed setup is a simplification of a heated channel. Nevertheless, the outcomes of this study may be valuable for future works considering variable-viscosity effects, especially for cooling and heating applications. Four test cases with different ramp inclinations were analyzed. The results from this study were compared with a correlation available in the literature for the friction Reynolds number as a function of the Reynolds number. We observe that in all cases the ramp does not cause an immediate change in the characteristics of turbulent structures, and a delay is in fact observed in both wall shear and friction. Finally, in order to characterize and understand these effects, streaks from the viscous region and turbulence statistics for the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget terms are analyzed.
Asymptotic Suction/Injection Flow Induced by a Uniform Magnetohydrodynamics Free Stream Couple Stress Fluid Over a Flat Plate
Authors: Turkyilmazoglu Mustafa
Published: September 2021

A theoretical study on the asymptotic suction/injection magnetohydrodynamic flow as a result of a uniform freestream couple stress fluid flowing over a flat surface is undertaken in the current study. It is targeted to obtain exact flow and temperature solutions representing the permeable couple stress fluid flow. Analytical expressions are extracted to derive interesting engineering tools such as momentum layer thickness, thermal layer thickness, wall shear stress, and heat transfer rate. The physical parameters leading to the existence of wall suction/injection solutions are determined with their thresholds. Momentum and thermal layer analysis from the present results clearly reveal how they are influenced by the presence of electrically conducting couple stress fluid. Further flow studies of similar kind will certainly benefit from the presented formulae.
Lung dendritic cells migrate to the spleen to prime long-lived TCF1
hi
memory CD8
+
T cell precursors after influenza infection
Authors: Jenkins Meagan M. , Bachus Holly , Botta Davide , Schultz Michael D. , Rosenberg Alexander F. , León Beatriz , Ballesteros-Tato André
Published: September 2021

Lung-derived dendritic cells carry influenza antigens to the spleen after egressing the lymph node by an S1P/S1PR-dependent mechanism.
Linking 16S rRNA Gene Classification to
amoA
Gene Taxonomy Reveals Environmental Distribution of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaeal Clades in Peatland Soils
Authors: Wang Haitao , Bagnoud Alexandre , Ponce-Toledo Rafael I. , Kerou Melina , Weil Micha , Schleper Christa , Urich Tim
Published: September 2021

The recently established phylogeny of
amoA
provides a finer resolution than previous studies, allowing clustering of AOA beyond the order level and thus revealing novel clades. While the 16S rRNA gene is mostly appreciated in microbiome studies, this novel phylogeny is in limited use.
INTER-INDUSTRY COMPETITION PRESSURES: THE MODEL, MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: HUANG CHUANFENG , WANG RONG , SONG YAQIN , FENG PEIYU
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes a two-dimensional conceptual model of inter-industry competitive pressure, which is constituted of resource competition and market competition. This paper also provides the related measurement method and some basic properties based on the perspective of input–output analysis. Empirical research in the U.S. clearly shows that these pressures obey a lognormal distribution with a power-law tail, and the proportions of the two-dimensional competitive components follow a normal distribution. This analytical framework can be used to explore the structural nature, statistical characteristics and evolutionary mechanism of the regional industrial competition system and provides some decision support for industry competition policies.
The lack of vacuum polarization in quantum electrodynamics with spinors in fermion equations
Authors: Neznamov V. P.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the versions of quantum electrodynamics (QED) with spinors in fermion equations are briefly examined. In the new variants of the theory, the concept of vacuum polarization is unnecessary. The new content of fermion vacuum (without the Dirac sea) in the examined versions of QED leads to new physical consequences, part of which can be tested experimentally in the future.
Charged thin-shell wormholes with quintessence effects
Authors: Mumtaz Saadia
Published: September 2021

This work studies the theoretical construction of charged quintessence thin-shell wormholes using Israel thin-shell approach. The stability of these wormhole solutions is investigated by taking linear, logarithmic and Chaplygin gas models as a constituent of exotic matter at thin-shell. The presence of wormhole stability regions particularly relies on the physically justifiable values of charge and quintessence parameter. It is noted that the increasing value of charge seems as an effective component for stable regions while the rise in negativity of the quintessence parameter gives more stable wormhole configurations.
Some noncommutative subsequential weighted individual ergodic theorems
Authors: O’Brien Morgan
Published: September 2021

This paper is devoted to studying individual ergodic theorems for subsequential weighted ergodic averages on the noncommutative [Formula: see text]-spaces associated to a semifinite von Neumann algebra [Formula: see text]. In particular, we establish the convergence of these averages along sequences with density one and certain types of block sequences with positive lower density, and we extend known results along uniform sequences in the sense of Brunel and Keane.
Local quantum uncertainty versus negativity through Gisin states
Authors: Sbiri A. , Mansour M. , Oulouda Y.
Published: September 2021

We investigate the pairwise quantum correlations in standard Gisin states and in Gisin states based on bipartite spin-coherent states by employing quantum negativity and quantum local uncertainty as bona fide quantum correlations measures. Gisin states are defined as mixtures of separable mixed states and some pure entangled ones. We compare the behavior of the two quantifiers of Gisin states and we find that both measures exhibit a sudden change in terms of the mixing parameter. Furthermore, we show that entangled Gisin states contain nonclassical correlations that are captured by the local quantum uncertainty and cannot be revealed by the negativity quantifier.
Cross Entropy Chance Distribution Model of Uncertain Random Shortest Path Problem
Authors: Gao Xin , Jiao Yujie
Published: September 2021

The shortest path problem (SPP) is one of the most typical and basic optimization problems in network theory for decades, and it covers a series of practical application problems, such as urban planning, logistics transportation, engineering and power grid strain analysis, etc. The circumstance where the weight of arcs in a network contains both randomness and uncertainty is considered, and the case of the weights of arcs with uncertain random variables is focused on in this paper. Here, we introduced a new model of the SPP which is based on the new definition of uncertain random variables cross entropy, and the newly established model can be used to find the path with the closest chance distribution to the ideal SP. The efficiency of this model is also evaluated in the final part.
Religion in China’s Public Diplomacy: Transition and Institutionalization
Authors: Wang Liwan
Published: September 2021

In recognition of religion’s growing role in social life, the Chinese government places ample political trust in religions and encourages religious organizations and leaders to be more deeply involved in Beijing’s public diplomacy. Having completed the transition from prudence to activism, China’s religious public diplomacy now takes many forms, from hosting high-profile international religious forums and participation in international religious organizations to engaging in exchanges of visit and multiple religious dialogues. Beijing has secured an institutionalized role for religion in public diplomacy through a string of legislative actions and policy measures, for example, erecting a legal and policy framework, putting in place a robust multiparty operational mechanism, formulating a well-defined list of targets, and granting religious groups greater autonomy and flexibility. Beijing’s religious public diplomacy also faces significant risks and competition, which will affect its effectiveness and outcomes. Going forward, religious public diplomacy should put more emphasis on its spiritual dimension, build more internationalized organizing platforms, expand its engagement targets, and improve risk control and prevention mechanisms. Moreover, Beijing should increase the institutional stability and creativity for its faith diplomacy and encourage the five state-sanctioned religions and folk beliefs to play a larger role, with a view to consolidating national identity and religious identity among the Chinese people.
An Assessment Approach to Urban Economic Resilience of the Rust Belt in China
Authors: Man Shan , Wu Xiangli , Yang Yongchun , Meng Qingmin
Published: September 2021

Urban economic resilience provides a novel perspective on the sustainable development of urban and regional economy. Selecting 37 prefecture‐level cities in the Northeast China that also known as the rust belt in China as a regional study sample that has experienced significant economic decline and out‐migration in the last 20 years compared to many other regions in China, this study aims to construct an index system using the data collected in 2005, 2010, and 2016. This study evaluates urban economic resilience including five socioeconomic aspects: diversity, capabilities related to revenue and expenditure, innovation environment, trend of development, and openness. We analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urban economic resilience, explore the key factors contributing to urban resilience and then provide decision‐making suggestions to enhance it. We find the following: (1) urban economic resilience in the Northeast China has gradually increased over time, but spatial heterogeneity of resilience was prominent. Specifically, coastal cities were more economically resilient than inland cities. (2) Urban economic resilience in the Northeast China is significantly contributed by the diversity of an economic system and the trend of development, which contribute to resilience with weights of 0.214 and 0.216, respectively. The dominant factors contributing to urban economic resilience are different among diverse urban economic types and size. (3) To enhance urban economic resilience, comprehensive economic cities need to focus on increasing the diversity of economic structures. Resource‐based and old industrial cities should focus on raising the innovation environment. Coastal cities should focus on increasing the diversity of their economic structures and creating positive trends of economic and social development. Agricultural cities should focus on creating positive trends of economic and social development.