bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strain Analysis Using Feature Tracking Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Predict Prognosis of Patients With Ventricular Aneurysm After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shen Song , Liang Jing , Li Jianhui , Bao Xue , Xie Jun , Xu Biao , Wei Zhonghai , wang Kun , Dai Qing , Wang Lian , Zhang Jilei , mu Dan , Li Qiaoling
Published: October 2021

Objective We aim to assess the left ventricular strain in patients with ventricular aneurysm(VA) after myocardial infarction(MI) using cardiac magnetic resonance-feature tracking (CMR-FT) and to evaluate its value for long term prognosis of patients.Methods Sixty-five patients who underwent CMR with VA after MI from January 2018 to December 2019 in Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine were selected for the study. They were divided into two groups based on New York Heart Association (NYHA): 25 cases of NYHA I as group A and 40 cases of NYHA II-IV as group B. CMR was performed in both groups to quantify the parameters of overall and segmental left ventricular myocardial strain in patients with aneurysm. 37 of whom underwent a second CMR 3-12 months after cardiac infarction to investigate the effects of aneurysm on patients' left ventricular strain and left ventricular cardiac function.Results Patients from group B have larger VA basilar transverse diameter and significant more impaired LV Global longitudinal strain(GLS)、Global circumferential strain(GCS)、Global radial strain(GRS) (-12.34±7.31 vs. -7.68±6.11;p=0.0072, -21.31±13.49 vs. -14.93±10.44;p=0.0361, 37.13±27.87 vs. 22.00±20.05;p=0.0135) without change in infarct size. GLS, GCS, GRS were significant indicators of NYHA classification after AMI by multivariate regression analysis.Conclusions Myocardial strain assessed by CMR-FT may be an independent predictor of NYHA of patients with aneurysm after MI and could be used for identifying high-risk patients with VA.
Evaluating The Performance Characteristics of Five Lateral Flow Assays for The Detection of The SARS- CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antigen
Authors: Heskin Joseph , Pallett SJC , Al-Hindawi A , Davies GW , Rayment M , Mughal N , Randall P , Jones R , Moore LSP
Published: October 2021

Introduction: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, lateral flow assays (LFAs) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen have been proposed as a complementary option to the more costly and time consuming reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We assessed five commercially available SARS-CoV-2 antigen detecting LFAs (ASSUT EUROPE (Rome, Italy), Besthree (Taizhou, China), Encode (Zhuhai, China), Fortress (Antrim UK), and Hughes Medical (Buckinghamshire, UK), using samples collected from hospitalised individuals with COVID-19 and compared these results against established RT-PCR assays with the aim of estimating test performance characteristics.Method: We performed a diagnostic accuracy study of the LFAs on 110 inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 and 75 COVID-19 negative control participants. Assay evaluation was performed using a modified version of each manufacturer’s protocol allowing for parallel testing of a single sample on multiple assays.Results: Half (46%, 51) of the patient cohort were in the higher risk age category (>70 years old). Community acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 accounted for 77% (85) of our positive cohort with the remaining 23% (25) resulting from nosocomial transmission. The sensitivity of the LFAs ranged from 64% (95% CI 53-73) to 76% (95% CI 65-85). Of the assays tested, Fortress performed best with a sensitivity of 76% (95% CI 65-85). Specificity based on testing SARS-CoV-2 volunteers was high across all assays with four of the five achieving 100%Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 antigen detecting LFAs may complement RT-PCR testing to facilitate early diagnosis and provide community testing strategies for identification of patients with COVID-19, however we find suboptimal test performance characteristics across a range of commercially available manufacturers, below WHO and MHRA pre-set sensitivity performance thresholds. With such variation in sensitivity between LFAs and PCR testing and between assay brands, we advise caution in the deployment of LFAs outside of environments with clinical oversight.
SARS-CoV-2 Host Prediction Based on Virus-host Genetic Features
Authors: Kawashima Irina Yuri , Lopez Maria Claudia Negret , Cunha Marielton dos Passos , Hashimoto Ronaldo Fumio
Published: October 2021

The genetic diversity of the Coronaviruses gives them different biological abilities, such as infect different cells and/or organisms, a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in a single host, their different routes of dispersion, and viral transmission in a specific host. In recent decades, different Coronaviruses have emerged that are highly adapted for humans and causing serious diseases, leaving their host of unknown origin. The viral genome information is particularly important to enable the recognition of patterns linked to their biological characteristics, such as the specificity in the host-parasite relationship. Here, based on a previously computational tool, the seq2host, we developed a novel approach which uses new variables obtained from the frequency of spike-Coronaviruses codons, the Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) to shed new light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) host specificity. By using the RSCU obtained from nucleotide sequences before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we assessed the possibility of know the hosts capable to be infected by these new emerging species, which was first identified infecting humans during 2019 in Wuhan, China. According to the tool trained and validated using sequences available before the pandemic, bats are the most likely susceptible host to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, as previously suggested in other studies that searched for the host viral origin.
Patients’ and family caregivers’ experiences and perceptions about factors hampering or facilitating patient empowerment for self-management of hypertension and diabetes in Cameroon: Evidence from thematic and lexicometric analyses of qualitative study data
Authors: Mogueo Amélie , DEFO BARTHELEMY KUATE
Published: October 2021

BackgroundNoncommunicable diseases like hypertension and diabetes require long-term management, and are financially draining for patients and their families bearing the treatment costs, especially in settings where the inadequacy or non-existence of the health insurance system prevails. Patient empowerment-focused interventions have been shown to improve adherence to therapeutic regimens and decrease unnecessary health care utilization and costs. This study aims to examine enabling and impeding factors to the development of patient empowerment in a resource-limited setting like Cameroon. MethodsWe used qualitative methods entailing three levels of investigation and involving a public primary healthcare hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Data were collected through 40 semi-structural interviews with patients having hypertension or diabetes and their family caregivers, one focus group discussion with six patients, 29 observations of consultations of patients by specialist physicians, seven observations of care received by inpatients from generalist physicians, and nine documents on the management of hypertension or diabetes. A novel approach combining thematic and lexicometric analyses was used to identify similarities and differences in barriers and facilitators associated with patient empowerment at different levels of the healthcare delivery system in Cameroon. ResultsBarriers generally outnumbered facilitators. There were particularities as well as commonalities in reported facilitators and barriers linked to patient empowerment from different experiences and perspectives of outpatients, inpatients and their family caregivers, given the healthcare services and organization of health personal and resources that deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of patients with hypertension or diabetes in Cameroon. While specific factors identified by patients were directly related to the self-management of their disease at the individual level, family caregivers were mainly focused on factors present at organizational and central levels, which are indirectly related to the management of the diseases and beyond the control of patients and families. ConclusionsThe preponderance of individual-level factors linked to patient empowerment more than those at the central and hospital/organizational levels calls for due attention to them in the multilevel design and implementation of patient empowerment interventions in resource-limited settings like Cameroon. Accounting for patient’s and families’ perspectives and opinions may be key to improving healthcare delivery.
Multicenter Epidemiological Survey of Pneumatosis Intestinalis in Japan
Authors: Ohmiya Naoki , Hirata Ichiro , Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Morishita Toshifumi , Saito Eiko , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Nagaya Tadanobu , Nagata Shinji , Mukae Miyuki , Sano Koji , Suzuki Takayoshi , Tarumi Kenichi , Shimizu Seiji , Kawashima Kousaku , Hibi Toshifumi
Published: October 2021

Background

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare condition characterized by gas collection in the intestinal wall. We aimed to determine the etiology and affected segments associated with complications, treatment, and outcome.
Methods

We conducted a multicenter epidemiological survey using a standardized data collection sheet in Japan. Complicating PI was defined as strangulation or bowel necrosis, bowel obstruction, adynamic ileus, sepsis, shock, and massive gastrointestinal bleeding.
Results

We enrolled 167 patients from 48 facilities. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age (adjusted OR, 1.05 and 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.02-1.09, P=0.0053) and chronic kidney disease (adjusted OR, 13.19 and 95% CI, 1.04-167.62, P=0.0468) were independent predictors of the small-bowel-involved type. Complicating PI was associated with the small-bowel-involved combined type (adjusted OR, 45.49 and 95% CI, 8.34-248.13, P<0.0001), the small-bowel-only type (adjusted OR, 7.90 and 95% CI, 1.92-32.56, P=0.0042), and allopurinol/benzbromaron (adjusted OR, 31.07 and 95% CI, 1.70-567.28, P=0.0204). Oxygen therapy was performed in patients with a past history of bowel obstruction (adjusted OR, 13.77 and 95% CI, 1.31-144.56, P=0.0288) and surgery was performed in patients with complicating PI (adjusted OR, 8.93 and 95% CI, 1.10-72.78, P=0.0408). Antihypertensives (adjusted OR, 12.28 and 95% CI, 1.07-140.79, P=0.0439) and complicating PI (adjusted OR, 11.77 and 95% CI, 1.053-131.526; P=0.0453) were associated with exacerbation of PI. The complicating PI was the only indicator of death (adjusted OR, 14.40 and 95% CI, 1.09-189.48, P=0.0425).
Discussion

This study provides evidence supporting the association between the small-bowel-involved type and complications and poor prognosis.
Change of Knee Cartilage Components in Stroke Patients with Genu Recurvatum Analyzed by Zero TE MR Imaging
Authors: LI Youwei , Gao Qiang , Liu Jingxin , Wen Qiping , Jia Shiqi , Tang Fen , Mo Linhong , Zhang Yuanfang , Zhai Mingchun , Chen Yukun , Guo Yue , Gong Weijun , Li Wenshan
Published: October 2021

-BACKGROUND: Genu recurvatum in stroke patient hemiplegia causes readily cumulative damage and degenerative changes of knee cartilage. It is important to detect early lesions of cartilage for appropriate treatment and rehabilitation.-PURPOSE: The purpose is to provide theoretical basis for early rehabilitation of hemiplegia patients. -STUDY TYPE: Cross-sectional study. -POPULATION: 39 Stroke patients with genu recurvatum and 9 healthy volunteers. -SEQUENCE: We used zero TE double echo imaging sequence. -ASSESSMENT: Analyze the water content in knee joint cartilage at 12 different sites of stroke patients with genu recurvatum using a method similar to porosity index. -STATISTICAL TESTS: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. The mean ± standard deviation was used to represent the mean. The independent sample t test was used for all mean comparisons. When the data did not conform to the normal distribution or variance heterogeneity, the non-parametric test was used. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.-RESULTS: When compared hemiplegia limb vs. non-hemiplegia limb in patients, the ratio of deep/shallow free water content of the cartilages at the junction of the femur and anterior horn (1.16 vs. 1.06) and posterior horn (1.13 vs. 1.25) of lateral meniscus were significant differences (P<0.05). -DATA CONCLUSION: Conclusion is that Genu recurvatum in stroke patients with hemiplegia can cause changes in moisture content of knee cartilage, and the changes of knee cartilage are more obvious with the increase of genu recurvatum. The so-called "healthy limb" is no longer the real meaning of healthy limb, and should be considered simultaneously with the affected limb in the development of rehabilitation treatment plan.
Individual Differences in Decision-Making: Evidence for The Scarcity Hypothesis From The English Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Tunney Richard J. , James Richard J.E.
Published: October 2021

We report the results of a pre-registered analysis of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging that was designed to test the hypothesis that economic scarcity is associated with individual differences in decision-making. We tested this hypothesis by comparing time preferences for different socio-economic groups and in geographical areas ranging from the most deprived to the least deprived in England using the English Indices of Multiple Deprivation. The data supported this hypothesis: People in the most deprived areas were more likely to prefer smaller sooner rewards than people from the least deprived areas. Similarly, people in technical or routine occupations tended to prefer smaller sooner rewards than people in professional or intermediate occupations. In addition, we found that gender, length of education, cognitive function, and subjective social status also predicted time preferences. We discuss these results in the context of theoretical models of scarcity-based models of choice behaviour and decision-making.
Correlation Between he Ratio Pipp-R and Nips and Inter-Rater Reliability to Evaluate Pain During the Procedure Suction in Newborn Premature
Authors: OLIVEIRA NAYARA RODRIGUES GOMES , FORMIGA CIBELLE MARTINS ROBERTO , RAMOS BRUNA ABREU , SANTOS RAFAELA NOLETO DOS , MOREIRA NAYARA NUBIA DE SOUSA , MARÇAL PATRICIA GONÇALVES EVANGELISTA , AMARAL WALDEMAR NAVES DO
Published: October 2021

Objectives:To verify the Correlation between the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) and Premature Infant Pain Profile – Revised (PIPP-R), the internal consistency of each scale, and assess the reliability between evaluators in the assessment of pain during the aspiration procedure in premature newborns. Methods: an observational, prospective study. Participated in the study, 50 infants who met the following criteria for inclusion: Newborn (NB) preterm (GA> 26 weeks and <36 weeks and five days) with low birth weight (<2500 g), hemodynamically stable, with minimal sedation or without sedation or mechanical ventilation in CPAP or catheter nose of O2 or the air environment that needed to perform the procedure of vacuum in the period of hospitalization. The evaluation of the newborns occurred during three different aspiration procedures; aspiration 1 (no intervention), aspiration 2 (use of gentle touch), and aspiration 3 (use of sucrose). They have applied two evaluation instruments, NIPS and PIPP-R. that Cronbach's alpha determined the internal consistency, reliability between evaluators by the coefficient of Correlation intraclass, validity competitor by Spearman test. Results: Internal Consistency was high for NIPS (r= 0.824) and moderate for PIPP-R (0.655). Reliability between raters was high respectively in the three conditions 0.991; 0.987; 0.993 on the NIPS scale and 0.997; 0.986; 0.977 on the PIPP-R scale. One observed concurrent validity Only in the first aspiration. Conclusion: the NIPS seems to have a better utility clinic than PIPP-R; however, the two scales showed good reliability among the evaluators, and internal consistency, being a good choice for evaluation of pain during the procedure of aspiration.
First-mover Advantage Explains Gender Disparities in Physics Citations
Authors: Kong Hyunsik , Martin-Gutierrez Samuel , Karimi Fariba
Published: October 2021

Mounting evidence suggests that publications and citations of scholars in the STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) suffer from gender biases. In this paper, we study the physics community, a core STEM field in which women are still largely under-represented and where these gender disparities persist. To reveal such inequalities, we compare the citations received by papers led by men and women that cover the same topics in a comparable way. To do that, we devise a robust statistical measure of similarity between publications that enables us to detect pairs of similar papers. Our findings indicate that although papers written by women tend to have lower visibility in the citation network, pairs of similar papers written by men and women receive comparable attention when corrected for the time of publication. These analyses suggest that gender disparity is closely related to the first-mover and cumulative advantage that men have in physics and is not an intentional act of discrimination towards women.
The Temporal Relation Between Pain and Fatigue in Individuals Receiving Treatment for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Yamada Keiko , Adams Heather , Ellis Tamra , Clark Robyn , Sully Craig , Lariviere Christian , Sullivan Michael J. L.
Published: October 2021

Objective: Numerous investigations have revealed significant relations between pain and fatigue in individuals with persistent pain conditions. However, the direction of influence between pain and fatigue remains unclear. Shortcomings of design and analytic approaches used in previous research limit the nature of conclusions that can be drawn about possible causal relations between pain and fatigue. The present study investigated the temporal relation between changes in pain and changes in fatigue in individuals with musculoskeletal pain enrolled in a 10-week behavioral activation intervention. On the basis of previous findings, it was hypothesized that analyses would yield support for a bi-directional relation between pain and fatigue. Methods: The study sample consisted of 104 individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain participating in a 10-week standardized rehabilitation intervention. Measures of pain intensity and fatigue were completed pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. The three-wave data panel permitted examination of the direction of influence between pain and fatigue through the course of the intervention. A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) was used to examine the temporal relation between pain and fatigue. Results: Consistent with previous research, cross-sectional analyses of pre-treatment data revealed significant correlations between measures of pain and fatigue. Significant reductions in pain and fatigue were observed through the course of treatment (d=.33 and d =.66, p < .001, respectively). RI-CLPM revealed that pain severity predicted later fatigue (pre to mid-treatment standardized path coefficient (β) = 0.55, p = 0.02; mid to post-treatment β = 0.36, p = 0.001); however, fatigue did not predict later pain severity.Conclusions: Discussion addresses the processes that might underlie the temporal relation between pain and fatigue. Clinical implications of the findings are also discussed.
Effect of Interleukin-1 Blockade with Anakinra on Leukocyte Count in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: BUONO MARCO GIUSEPPE DEL , Damonte Juan Ignacio , Trankle Cory R , Kadariya Dinesh , Carbone Salvatore , Thomas Georgia K , Turlington Jeremy , Markley Roshanak , Canada Justin , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Kontos Michael C. , Tassell Benjamin W. Van , Abbate Antonio
Published: October 2021

Background. Leukocytosis is a common finding in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and portends a poor prognosis. Interleukin 1-b regulates leukopoiesis and pre-clinical studies suggest that anakinra (recombinant human interleukin-1 [IL-1] receptor antagonist) suppresses leukocytosis in myocardial infarction. However, the effect of IL-1 blockade with anakinra on leukocyte count in patients with STEMI is unknown. Methods. We reviewed the white blood cell (WBC) and differential count of 99 patients enrolled in a clinical trial of anakinra (n=64) versus placebo (n=35) for 14 days after STEMI. A complete blood cell count with differential count were obtained at admission, and after 72 hours, 14 days and 3 months.Results. After 72 hours from treatment, anakinra compared to placebo led to a statistically significant greater percent reduction in total WBC count (-35% [-48 to -24] vs -21% [-34 to -10], P=0.008), absolute neutrophil count (-48% [-60 to -22] vs -27% [-46 to -5], P=0.004) and to an increase in absolute eosinophil count (+50% [0 to +100] vs 0% [-50 to +62], P=0.022). These changes persisted while on treatment at 14 days and were no longer apparent at 3 months after treatment discontinuation. Conclusion. We found that in patients with STEMI IL-1 blockade with anakinra accelerates resolution of leukocytosis and neutrophilia. This modulation may represent one of the mechanisms by which IL-1 blockade improves clinical outcomes.
Reconstruction of the Distal Radioulnar Joint with Rib Perichondrium – Midterm Follow-Up
Authors: Muder Daniel , Vedung Torbjörn
Published: October 2021

BackgroundReconstruction of an osteoarthritic distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) in patients with high physical demands and a long lifetime expectancy is challenging. A variety of methods like implant surgery and salvage procedures as partial or total ulnar head resection and the Sauve-Kapandji procedure are reasonable options in the elderly patient but not in young individuals since it often compromises manual power and stability and may cause impingement problems. Reconstruction of the DRUJ with rib perichondrium is a new treatment option with promising short-term outcome. The aim the present study was to investigate if the outcome is consistent over time.MethodsFour female patients with a mean age of 40.5 years suffered severe unilateral osteoarthritis in the DRUJ. They underwent reconstruction of the joint with rib perichondrium transplants. Preoperatively, mean pain under manual load was 8.5 (range 7-10) and 4.2 (range 2-5) at rest, using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Range of motion (ROM) in forearm rotation was on average 118° and grip strength was 86% in comparison to the contralateral hand. The outcome was assessed at a clinical follow-up in 2016, measuring ROM, grip-strength, pain at rest and under manual load and DASH-score. Radiological examination was performed. An additional follow-up by letter was performed in 2021 using a patient-reported-outcome survey (PROS). The patients were asked to grade the ROM and grip-strength as changed or unchanged in comparison to the clinical follow-up in 2016. ResultsAt clinical follow-up at a mean of 3.1 years (range 1-5) after surgery, pain level had decreased to VAS 1.5 (0-5) under load and all patients were pain free at rest. Forearm rotation was on average 156° (range 100-180) and grip strength was 97% of the unoperated hand. The mean DASH-score was 14.4 (0-45). An additional follow-up by letter was conducted at a mean of 7.5 years (5.5-9.5) after surgery. ROM and grip strength were reported as unchanged by all patients in relation to the previous clinical follow-up. No additional surgery or complications were reported. ConclusionReconstruction of the osteoarthritic DRU-joint with rib perichondrium transplantation can provide good clinical outcome with perseverance over time.Level of evidence: IV
On the Numerical Evaluation of Invertible Preconditioners Based on High-Order Discretizations of the Laplace Operator for Linear Systems
Authors: Lang Chao , Yang Xiao-Ting
Published: October 2021

To alleviate the ill-posed condition of linear systems, the discrete Laplace operator is often used as a preconditioner incorporated with iterative methods. However, with a traditional lower-order(typically, second-order) approximation of the Laplace operator it is often difficult to achieve the optimal effect. For this reason, we construct preconditioners based on high-order finite difference discretizations to further develop the potential of the discrete Laplace operator and evaluate their numerical efficiency. The sparse band structure and symmetric property of such high-order preconditioners are derived from the theoretical aspect , revealing the cheap computing cost of the corresponding preconditioning processes for each problem dimension. Numerical experiments are implemented to confirm our analysis and the computing results show advantages of the proposed preconditioned iterative methods compared with the classical methods.
Relationship of The Lung Microbiome With PD-L1 Expression And Immunotherapy Response in Lung Cancer
Authors: Jang Hye Jin , Choi Ji Yeon , Kim Kangjoon , Yong Seung Hyun , Kim Yeon Wook , Kim Song Yee , Kim Eun Young , Jung Ji Ye , Kang Young Ae , Park Moo Suk , Kim Young Sam , Cho Young-Jae , Lee Sang Hoon
Published: October 2021

Background: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The human lung serves as a niche to a unique and dynamic bacterial community that is related to the development of multiple diseases. Here, we investigated the differences in the lung microbiomes of patients with lung cancer. Methods: 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the respiratory tract microbiome present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Patients were stratified based on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels and immunotherapy responses. Results: In total, 84 patients were prospectively analyzed, of which 59 showed low (<10%), and 25 showed high (>10%) PD-L1 expression levels. The alpha and beta diversities did not significantly differ between the two groups. Veillonella dispar was dominant in the high-PD-L1 group; the population of Neisseria was significantly higher in the low-PD-L1 group than in the high-PD-L1 group. In the immunotherapy responder group, V. dispar was dominant, while Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria perflava were dominant in the non-responder group. Conclusion: The abundances of Neisseria and V. dispar differed significantly in relation to PD-L1 expression levels and immunotherapy responses. Thus, these two genera may be considered targets for lung cancer immunotherapy.
Development of a Decellularized Hypopharynx with Vascular Pedicle Scaffold for use in Reconstructing Hypopharynx
Authors: Hou Nan , Lv Die , Xu XiaoLi , Lu YanQing , Li JingZhi , Ma RuiNa , Tang Ying , Zheng Yun
Published: October 2021

Background: Hypopharynx reconstruction after hypopharyngectomy is still a great challenge. Perfusion decellularization is for extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolding and had been used in organ reconstruction. Our study aimed to prepare an acellular, natural, three-dimensional (3D) biological hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold as the substitute materials to reconstruct hypopharynx. Result: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and immuno showed that the decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold retained intact native anatomical ECM structure. Myoblasts were observed on the recellularized scaffolds with bone marrow mesenchyml stem cells (BMSCs) induced by 5-azacytidine implanted in the rabbit greater omentum by immunohistochemical analysis. conclusion: the decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold prepared by detergent perfusion in our study has an potential to be an alternative material to pharynx reconstruction.
Comparison of Early Visual Quality in Patients using Different Optical Zones Based on Dark Pupil Diameters in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)
Authors: Peng Jiao , Zhong Ding-Juan , Liu Jia , Zhang Li-Yuan , Wu Hao , Wang Hua
Published: October 2021

AIM: The early visual qualities of patients were evaluated after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using different optical zones based on dark pupil diameters.METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to include 49 myopic patients (96 eyes) who underwent SMILE surgery. Patients were divided into three groups according to the difference between the diameter of the optical zone and the diameter of the dark pupil: Group A (<0 mm, N=30), Group B (0-1 mm, N=36), and Group C (>1 mm, N=30). In all groups, the dark pupil diameter was measured preoperatively. Subjective visual quality, uncorrected vision acuity (UCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), modulation transfer function cut-off frequency (MTFcutoff), objective scattering index (OSI), simulated contrast visual acuity (VA100%, VA20%, VA9%), total corneal higher-order aberration (tot-HOA), corneal spherical aberration (totZ40) and corneal coma (tot-coma) were measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, UCVA, SE, corneal higher-order aberration, OQAS or subjective visual quality among the three groups before surgery (P>0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, there was no significant difference in UCVA, SE, MTFcutoff, OSI, VA100%, VA20%, or VA9% among the three groups (P>0.05). However, the tot-HOA, totZ40 and tot-coma indexes and the changes in corneal higher-order aberrations (Dtot-HOA, DtotZ40, Dtot-coma) at 3 months postoperatively were as follows: Group A > Group B > Group C (P<0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the difference in subjective visual quality between the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference in the amount of change in subjective visual quality between Groups A and C was statistically significant (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Although the difference between the diameter of the optical zone and the diameter of the dark pupil does not affect the VA or the same diopter of patients after SMILE myopia correction, the optical zone diameter should be greater than the dark pupil diameter as far as possible in the design of SMILE surgery, in order to improve the objective visual quality and subjective satisfaction of patients after surgery.
Study on Flow Model and Flow Equation of Shale Gas Based on Micro Flow Mechanism
Authors: Liu Huaxun , Jiao Chunyan , Gao Shusheng , Ye Liyou , An Weiguo
Published: October 2021

Shale flow has microscale effects, and the flow is more complex. In this paper, the flow model and flow equation which can be used in the analysis of shale gas flow is established,which is based on the single nanotube model and combined with pore throat test results of the shale core by high-pressure mercury injection, and calculated the contributions of seepage, diffusion, transition flow and free molecular flow to shale gas flow. The contributions of seepage and diffusion were over 95%, and seepage and diffusion were the main flow patterns. Then, a coupled flow model and the coupled flow equation of shale gas with seepage and diffusion were established, which proposed a calculation method of shale permeability and diffusion by relationship between flow pressure and shale gas flow rate, and finally shale gas flow experiments were carried out and analyzed. The results show that the shale gas flow model and the flow equation established in this paper can describe shale gas flow very well. The shale gas flow rate is composed of seepage flow rate and diffusion flow rate, and the seepage flow rate is proportional to the pseudo pressure difference and is proportional to the pressure square difference at low pressure. The diffusion flow rate is proportional to the difference in shale gas density and is proportional to the pressure difference at low pressure. With shale gas reservoir pressure drops, the proportion of diffusion flow increases. The research results enrich the understanding of shale gas flow; they also have certain reference significance to the development of shale gas reservoirs.
Iot Device Classification in Cloud Organizations Using Deep Belief Networks
Authors: H H. Azath , M M. NAGESWARA GUPTHA , L L. SHAKKEERA , M.R.M M.R.M. VEERA MANICKAM , B B. LANITHA , M M. MANIKANDAN , P.T P. T. ANITHA
Published: October 2021

With the rapid increase in the usage of IoT devices, the cyber threats are increasing among the communication between the IoT devices. The challenges related to security surmounts with increasing number of IoT devices due to its functionality and heterogeneity. In recent times, deep learning algorithms are offered to resolve the constraints associated with detection of malicious devices among the networks. In this paper, we utilize deep belief network (DBN) to resolve the problems associated with identification, detection of anomaly IoT devices. Several features are extracted initially to find the malicious devices in the IoT device network that includes storage, computational resources and high dimensional features. These features extracted from the network traffic assists in achieving the classification of devices by DBN. The simulation is performed to test the accuracy and detection rate of the proposed deep learning classifier. The results show that the proposed method is effective in implementing the detection of malicious nodes in the network than existing methods.
Matuyama-brunhes Geomagnetic Reversal Record and Associated Key Tephra Layers in Boso Peninsula: Extraction of Primary Magnetization of Geomagnetic Fields From Mixed Magnetic Minerals of Depositional, Diagenesis, and Weathering Processes
Authors: Oda Hirokuni , Nakazato Hiroomi , Nanayama Futoshi , Harigane Yumiko
Published: October 2021

We describe paleomagnetic records of Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic polarity reversal and associated key tephra layers from Early-Middle Pleistocene sediments in the Boso Peninsula. The outcrop is in Terasaki, Chiba, Japan and ~ 25 km northeast of the Chiba Section. The sediment consists of massive silt of the Kokumoto Formation, Kazusa Group, underlaid by thick sand. A tephra layer was identified in the middle of the outcrop with chemical composition comparable to that of the tephra layer Byk-E from the Yoro River section defining the base of the Chibanian Stage. Oriented paleomagnetic samples were taken at intervals of 1–10 cm from the massive silt spanning the vitric tephra layer. To identify the primary remanent magnetization, progressive alternating field demagnetization (PAFD) and progressive thermal demagnetization (PThD) were conducted on pilot samples. Identification of primary magnetization with PAFD was not successful, especially for reversely magnetized samples. However, magnetization during PThD showed sharp drops at 175°C, which decreased gradually between 175°C and ~ 300°C, and became unstable above ~ 350°C. To extract the primary remanent magnetization while avoiding laboratory alteration by heating, a PThD up to 175°C followed by PAFD was conducted. Extraction of primary magnetization was significantly improved by applying a combined analysis of remagnetization circles, which was in agreement with the records reported from the Chiba Section. Rock magnetic experiments were conducted during stepwise heating to understand the magnetic minerals involved and to evaluate the influence of laboratory heating. During heating, FORC-PCA revealed significant changes of magnetic minerals at 200°C, 400°C, 450° and 550°C. Rock magnetic analyses and electron microscopy observations indicate that magnetite and titanomagnetite are magnetic minerals contributing to primary remanent magnetization. Greigite was also identified, which preserve secondary magnetizations during sub-seafloor diagenesis. The presence of feroxyhyte is suggested to contribute to secondary magnetization through the weathering of pyrite by exposure to the air after the Boso Peninsula uplift. The similarity of VGP latitude variations between this study and those from the Chiba section was maximized by providing an age model with sedimentation rates of 30 cm/kyr and 18 cm/kr for the intervals above and below the Byk-E tephra.
The Feedback From Students on Offline Teaching, Online Teaching, and Blended Teaching of the "Contact Lenses" Course in Tianjin, China
Authors: ZHANG Hongmei , ZHU Ying , LIU Lin , LIN Weiping , GU Tianpu , HAN Lin , PANG Yi , WEI Ruihua
Published: October 2021

Background: To determine the effect of the three teaching methods on the learning of contact lenses and provide recommendations to improve Contact Lenses teaching in optometric education.Methods: The survey was conducted at Tianjin Medical University with the students' evaluations of educational quality (SEEQ) questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale over 2 weeks in June 2021. It is for optometry students whose contact lenses were taught by any of three methods: 92 students enrolled in 2017 at Dagang campus performed online learning, 60 students enrolled in 2017 at Qixiangtai campus performed offline learning, and 100 students enrolled in 2018 at Dagang campus performed blended learning: both online and offline; A total of 252 students were invited to participate in this study. Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze SEEQ items. ANOVA was used to determine significant differences among different teaching methods.Results: 221 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 87.70% (221/252). Among them, 87(39.37%) were male, and 134(60.63%) were female. Offline teaching students had longer contact time with the faculty than online teaching and blended teaching (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences in sex or academic performance were found among 3 different teaching methods (p=0.33, p=0.91, respectively). There were 18.10% (40/221) of students who suggested increasing experiment and practice time.Conclusion: The traditional offline teaching method had a stable teaching effect. Students had more contact time with faculty than students taught by online and blended teaching. Online teaching and blended teaching worked as well as offline learning. The effectiveness was not be influenced by gender and academic performance.
Absence of evidence of superconductivity in sulfur hydride in optical reflectance experiments
Authors: Hirsch J. E. , Marsiglio F.
Published: October 2021

Capitani and coworkers reported that infrared optical reflectance measurements provided evidence for a superconducting transition in sulfur hydride under 150 GPa pressure, and that the transition is driven by the electron-phonon interaction. Here we argue that the measured data did not provide evidence that the system undergoes a transition to a superconducting state, nor do the data support any role of phonons in driving a transition. Rather, the data are consistent with the system remaining in the normal state down to temperature 50K, the lowest temperature measured in the experiment. This calls into further question the generally accepted view that sulfur hydride under pressure is a high temperature superconductor.
Antibody Dynamics Simulation -Theory and Application
Authors: Xu Zhaobin , Yang Dongying , Zhang Hongmei
Published: October 2021

Infectious disease such as COVID-19 poses a considerable threat to public health when a pandemic strain emerges. Constructing a reliable mathematical model helps us quantitatively explain the kinetic characteristics of antibody-virus interactions, which could provide a reasonable prediction toward many sensitive concerns faced by the public, such as how to calculate protection time provided by the specific vaccine. A novel and robust model is developed to integrate antibody dynamics with virus dynamics in the host body. Our model is based on a comprehensive understanding of immunology principles rather than a simple data-fitting attempt by arbitrarily mathematical function selection. The physical-based mechanism would bring this model more reliable and broader prediction performance. This model gives quantitative insights between antibody dynamics and virus loading in the host body. Based on this model, we can estimate the antibody dynamic parameters with high fidelity. We could solve lots of critical problems, such as the calculation of vaccine protection time. We can also explain lots of mysterious phenomena such as antibody inferences, self-reinfection, chronic infection, etc. We suggest the best strategy in prolonging the vaccine protection time is not repeated inoculation but a directed induction of fast binding antibodies. Eventually, it will also inform the future construction of the mathematical model and help us fight against those infectious diseases.
Polymorphisms of fibronectin-1 (rs3796123; rs1968510; rs10202709; rs6725958; and rs35343655) Are Not Associated With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants.
Authors: Kosik Katarzyna , Gryczka Katarzyna , Sowińska Anna , Seremak-Mrozikiewicz Agnieszka , Abu-Amara Jasmine A. , Al-Saad Salwan R. , Karbowski Lukasz M. , Kurzawińska Grażyna , Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz Marta , Drews Krzysztof , Szpecht Dawid
Published: October 2021

BackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that mainly affects premature newborns. Many different factors, increasingly genetic, are involved in the pathogenesis of BPD. Fibronectin is a multi-domain glycoprotein present in nearly all vertebrate tissues and organs. Material and methodsThe study included 108 infants born between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation. BPD was diagnosed based on the National Institutes of Health Consensus definition. The 5 FN1 gene polymorphisms assessed in the study were the following: rs3796123; rs1968510; rs10202709; rs6725958; and rs35343655. ResultsBPD developed in 30 (38.5%) out of the 108 preterm infants. Incidence of BPD was higher in infants with lower APGAR scores, low gestational age, and low birthweight. Investigation did not confirm any significant prevelance for BPD development in any genotypes and alleles of FN1. Conclusion﻿Further studies should be performed to confirm the role of genetic factors in etiology and pathogenesis of BPD.
MolData, A Molecular Benchmark for Disease and Target Based Machine Learning
Authors: Arshadi Arash Keshavarzi
Published: October 2021

Deep learning’s automatic feature extraction has been a revolutionary addition to computational drug discovery, infusing both the capabilities of learning abstract features and discovering complex molecular patterns via learning from molecular data. Since biological and chemical knowledge are necessary for overcoming the challenges of data curation, balancing, training, and evaluation, it is important for databases to contain meaningful information regarding the exact target and disease of each bioassay. The existing depositories such as PubChem or ChemBL offer the screening data of millions of molecules against a variety of cells and targets, however, their bioassays contain complex biological information which can hinder their usage by the machine learning community. In this work, a comprehensive disease and target-based dataset is collected from PubChem in order to facilitate and accelerate molecular machine learning for better drug discovery. MolData is one the largest efforts to date for democratizing the molecular machine learning, with roughly 170 million drug screening results from 1.4 million unique molecules assigned to specific diseases and targets. It also provides 30 unique categories of targets and diseases. Correlation analysis of the MolData bioassays unveil valuable information for drug repurposing for multiple diseases including cancer, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases. Finally, we provide a benchmark of more than 30 models trained on each category using multitask learning. MolData aims to pave the way for computational drug discovery and accelerate the advancement of molecular artificial intelligence in a practical manner. The MolData benchmark data is available at https://github.com/Transilico/MolData as well as within the supplementary materials.
N,N-Dimethylformamide Prevents LPS-Induced Preterm Birth in a Murine Model by Suppressing the Inflammatory Response
Authors: Wei Zeng-Hui , Salami Oluwabukola , Koya Jagadish , Munnangi Swapna , Pekson Ryan , Ashby Charles R. , Reznik Sandra
Published: October 2021

Preterm birth accounts for the majority of perinatal mortality worldwide and there remains no FDA-approved drug to prevent it. Recently, we discovered that the common drug excipient, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), prevents inflammation–induced preterm birth in mice by inhibiting NF-κB. Since we reported this finding it has come to light that a group of widely used, structurally related aprotic solvents, including DMA, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylformamide (DMF), have anti-inflammatory efficacy. We show here that DMF suppresses LPS-induced TNFα secretion from RAW 264.7 cells and IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from HTR-8 cells at concentrations that do not significantly affect cell viability. In vivo, DMF decreases LPS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and expression of TNFα and IL-6 in the placental labyrinth, all to near baseline levels. Finally, DMF decreases the rate of preterm birth in LPS-induced pregnant mice (P<.0001) and the rate at which pups are spontaneously aborted (P<.0001). In summary, DMF, a widely used solvent structurally related to DMA and NMP, prevents LPS-induced preterm birth in a murine model without overt toxic or teratogenic effects. Re-purposing the DMA/DMF/NMP family of small molecules as anti-inflammatory drugs is a promising new approach to preventing inflammation–induced preterm birth and potentially other inflammatory disorders as well.
EFFECT OF THE TECHNIQUE OF EXTRACTING OIL FROM THE FRESH ALBUMEN OF RIPE COCONUT PALM (COCOS NUCIFERA L.) ON ITS PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors:   UFR Biological Sciences, Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University, BP 1328 Korhogo, Ivory Coast., Noelle Francoise Kodjo , Zranseu Ange Benedicte Deffan ,   Agrovalorization Laboratory, Jean Lorougnon Guede University, BP 150 Daloa (Ivory Coast)., Saraka Didier Martial Yao ,   UFR Biological Sciences, Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University, BP 1328 Korhogo, Ivory Coast., Konan Jean-Louis Konan ,   CNRA-Station Marc Delorme, Coconut Program, 07 BP 13 Abidjan 07, Ivory Coast., Niamkey Sebastien Ahonzo ,   UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouet Boigny University, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Ivory Coast.
Published: October 2021

The present study aims to demonstrate the influence of extraction processes on the oil obtained from the mature albumen of the nut of the coconut hybrid NJM x GVT. Three oil extraction processes were studied. These are the traditional variable temperature extraction methods, at constant temperature (105 Â° C) and then the soxlhet extraction method (control method). The physicochemical characteristics of the extracted oil such as pH, density, acid number (Ia), iodine number (Ii), peroxide number (Ip), index of saponification (Ip) and the contents of two major fatty acids, lauric acid (C12) and myristic acid (C14), were determined there. The results indicated that the oil yield obtained with the soxlhet reference method (65.79%) is high than that of the two traditional methods at variable and constant temperature (respectively 38.28 to 39.9%). The oil extracted using these three techniques is acidic (pH<7) with a more pronounced acid number compared to traditional variable temperature extraction (10.41 mg KoH / g). The traditional constant temperature method has an acid number close to that of soxlhet (1.34 mg KoH / g oil) This acidity thus obeys the standards of the Codex Alimentarius (Ia â‰¤ 4 mg KoH / g of oil). The extraction methods had no influence on the peroxide value. Thus, traditional extraction is best at constant temperature.