Factors associated with stunting among children below five years of age: A mixed method study
Authors: Yulianti Mona , Hasanah Puji Nurfauziatul , Sutisna Sutisna , Karwati Karwati , Suminar Cucum 
Published: February 2023

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Latar Belakang</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Indonesia saat ini menghadapi beban ganda masalah gizi pada anak salah satunya masalah stunting pada balita</em><em>. Desa Sukamukti menjadi lokus prioritas stunting 2019 di Kabupaten Sumedang dengan angka kejadian 33%.</em><em> </em><em>Eksplorasi faktor risiko stunting perlu dilakukan untuk merancang intervensi berkelanjutan .</em></p><p><strong><em>Tujuan</em></strong><em>:Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting</em><em> pada balita </em><em>di Desa Sukamukti Kabupaten Sumedang tahun 2020. </em></p><p><strong><em>Metode</em></strong><em>: Penelitian ini </em><em>merupakan penelitian</em><em> mixed method dengan rancangan concurrent mixed method</em><em>. Penelitian kuantitatif</em><em> melibatkan 37 responden dan</em><em> penelitian kualitatif melibatkan</em><em> 2 partisipan yang merupakan ibu balita di Desa Sukamukti Kecamatan Tanjungmedar yang diambil dengan teknik Total Sampling pada bulan Juni 2020. Interpretasi </em><em>status gizi diukur dengan kurva pertumbuhan WHO tinggi badan per usia pada balita. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dikembangkan dari Faktor Risiko Stunting WHO tahun 2014.</em><em> Data </em><em>kuantitatif </em><em>dianalisis menggunakan uji univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Serta dielaborasikan dengan hasil penelitian kualitatif</em><em> yang dianalisis dengan metode Coalizzi.</em></p><p><strong><em>Hasil</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Angka kejadian stunting di Desa Sukamukti Kabupaten Sumedang sebesar </em><em>37,8%. Faktor tinggi badan ibu merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan risiko stunting di Desa Sukamukti (OR= 8,55; CI95%=1,8 - 39,7; p=0,006).</em><em> </em><em>Tinggi badan ibu yang pendek (&lt;150 cm) mempengaruhi kejadian risiko stunting sebesar 8,55 kali.  Hasil kualitatif menghasilkan 7 tema diantaranya adalah: 1) Persepsi ibu tentang penyakit (stunting), 2) perkembangan kesehatan anak, 3). Riwayat kesehatan ibu, 4) perilaku adaptif dan maladaptif ibu selama merawat anak 5) bentuk dan sumber dukungan yang diperoleh ibu selama merawat anak, 6) Bentuk dan sumber hambatan yang ditemui ibu selama merawat anak, serta 7) respon psikologis yang ditunjukan ibu.</em><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Kesimpulan:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Tinggi badan ibu menjadi determinan faktor risiko stunting dalam penelitian ini</em><em>.</em><em> Intervensi gizi sensitif penting untuk dilakukan dengan upaya perbaikan gizi secara komprehensif dari hulu ke hilir. Pemberdayaan remaja putri dalam meningkatkan pola hidup sehat dan gizi seimbang dapat dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mencegah stunting. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI</strong>:<em> </em><em>anak; </em><em>ibu</em><em>; </em><em>pengalaman</em><em>;</em><em> </em><em>risiko; </em><em>stunting</em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Indonesia is currently facing a duble burden of nutritional problems in children. Stunting is one of them</em><em>. Sukamukti Village became the priority locus of stunting</em><em>,</em><em> with </em><em>the prevalence</em><em> of 33%</em><em> in 2019</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Exploration on stunting risk factors </em><em>is necessary to identify sustainable interventions.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Objective</em></strong><em>: This study was conducted to determine the factors associated with the risk of stunting in Sukamukti Village, Sumedang Regenc</em><em>y, West Java, Indonesia.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><em> </em><em>This study is </em><em>mixed</em><em>-</em><em>method</em><em> research with concurrent mixed-method design. The quantitative study </em><em>involv</em><em>ed</em><em> 37 respondents and</em><em> the qualitative study involved</em><em> 2 participants who are mothers of children under five</em><em> years of age</em><em> in Sukamukti Village, taken using the Total Sampling technique in June 2020</em><em>. Interpretation of nutritional status was measured by th WHO growth curve for height per age in toddlers. </em><em>Data</em><em> collected using questionnaire developed from WHO Stunting Risk Factor in 2014.</em><em> </em><em>Quantitative data </em><em>analy</em><em>zed</em><em> us</em><em>ing</em><em> univariate, bivariate and multivariate tests</em><em> using logistic regression</em><em>.</em><em> Qualitative data analyzed using Coalizzi method.</em><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>: The</em><em> quantitative study showed that</em><em> 37.8% of children under five</em><em> years of age were </em><em>at risk of stunting. </em><em>Maternal height is a factor associated with the risk of stunting in Sukamukti Village (OR = 8.55; 95% CI = 1.8 - 39.7; p = 0.006). The mother's short height (&lt;150 cm) affects the incidence of stunting risk by 8.55 times.</em><em> The qualitative results produced</em><em> seven </em><em>themes</em><em>,</em><em> including 1) Mother's perception of illness (stunting), 2) child health development, 3) Maternal health history, 4) mother's adaptive and maladaptive behavior during child care, 5) mother's form and source of support during child care, 6) mother's form and source of obstacles during child care, and 7) mother's psychological response.</em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusio</em></strong><em>n: </em><em>Mother's height is a determinant factors</em><em> for stunting</em><em> in this study</em><em>. Sensitive intervention such as nutrition must </em><em>be carried out with comprehensive nutrition improvement efforts. Empowe</em><em>ring teenagers to improve a healthy lifestyle and balanced nutrition is necessary</em><em> to prevent stunting. </em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>KEYWORDS</strong>:<em> </em><em>children; mother; experience; risk; stunting</em></p>