bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time patency verification during clipping aneurysm and STA-MCA by-pass with dual-image videoangiography
Authors: Tanaka Riki , Shatokhin Anton , Senko Ilya , Bishnoi Ishu , Sae-Ngow Treepob , Yamada Yasuhiro , Suyama Daisuke , Kawase Tsukasa , Kato Yoko , Ansari Ahmed
Published: April 2018

The dual-image videoangiography (DIVA) is a new tool which helps identify vessels and surrounding structure. This method is based on use of indocyanine green video angiography (ICG-VA) technology on real time microscopic operative image. In this two case, we report of using DIVA in STA-MCA bypass surgery of 46 years old, female patient of stenosis of right MCA. And using DIVA during clipping ICA paraclinod aneurysm of 35 years old, female. During surgery, it helped in identifying temporal and frontal branches of the STA and there careful selection. After anastomosis, DIVA was used to refine vessel patency and functioning of the anastomosis. DIVA has the potential to replace ICG-VA as a tool for checking the patency of graft during bypass procedures and obliteration of aneurysm along with surgical procedures for AVM and d-AVF. DIVA allows visualization of vessels against a background of normal brain and has better visualization at greater depth and high magnification. This is particularly important during bypass surgery, which very often is performed in deep surgical fields and high magnification.
Outcome of medial sphenoidal wing meningioma surgery
Authors: El Badry Ashraf , Abdelazeez Azza
Published: April 2018

Background: Sphenoid wing meningiomas among difficult surgery tumours due to involvement of important structures like optic nerve, cavernous sinus or carotid artery.

Objective: to evaluate outcome and prognostic factors in patients with medial sphenoid wing meningiomas after microsurgery in a series of 47 patients with medial sphenoid wing meningioma.

Method: This paper includes analysis of 47 patients & their data who underwent surgical management for meningiomas involving the medial sphenoid wing in the period between Jan 2008 and February 2016 at Mansoura university hospital.

Results: The most of patients were suffering from visual impairment (59.6%), followed by headaches (38.2%). Total tumor resection were achieved in 23 cases, incomplete in 19 cases and partial resection in 5 cases. Visual acuity improved or stable in 57.4% of the patients. Preoperative neurological deficit remains unchanged postoperative in 35 cases while improved in 4 cases. 8 cases developed permanent 3rd Nerve palsy. Tumor recurrence was in 7 patients.

Conclusion: There are many factors influence the prognosis of inner sphenoid wing meningioma including the extent of surgical resection, cavernous sinus invasion, present or absent of peritumoral edema, vascularity of the tumor, size of the tumor, presence or absence of arachnoid plane between the tumor and surrounding neurovascular structures and preoperative neurological condition
Efficacy of carotid thrombus penetration with a balloon guiding catheter to fast recanalization of acute extra- and intra-cranial carotid artery tandem occlusion - a preliminary report
Authors: Ansari Ahmed , Ohshima Tomotaka , Goto Shunsaku , Yamamoto Taiki , Ishikawa Kojiro , Kato Yoko
Published: April 2018

Acute ischemic stroke with ipsilateral Internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis presents a great management dilemma. We present our preliminary report of retrograde retrieval of clot from middle cerebral artery (MCA) followed by delayed carotid artery stenting (CAS) with dual anti platelet therapy (DAPT).
Forskarinitierat rollspel med efterföljande fokusgruppintervju
Authors: Rendahl Jenny , Risenfors Signild , Korp Peter , Pipping Ekström Marianne , Berg Christina
Published: April 2018

Role-play is a useful pedagogic tool because it involves active participation and facilitates various ways of expression. However, role-play has received less attention as a research method. We have used researcher-initiated role-play with subsequent focus group interview in a study of adolescents' conceptions about food messages. In this paper we will use our experiences from this empirical study to describe and evaluate the use of researcher-initiated role-play with subsequent focus group interview as a method for data collection. In our empirical study the participants chose and played role characters representing agents they think convey food messages to them in their everyday life. They planned, bought, cooked and ate the food, and after that they participated in a focus group interview. Our experience is that this method enables participants to be active throughout the research process. They influence how the role-play proceeds, which diverts the control from the researcher to the participants and reduces the power hierarchy. Furthermore, this method promotes reflection among the participants. Both because they are acting in roles and because they are confronted with interaction with authentic food. In our study this contributed to a rich data material. Therefore, we consider this method to be a promising research method for studies concerning everyday practices.
Poesiintresserade unga i Sverige
Authors: Sigvardsson Anna
Published: April 2018

Poetry reading is since 2011 part of the core content in the subject of Swedish at both primary and secondary level. However, to date there is little research on poetry pedagogy that may provide guidance to teachers and poetry reading pedagogy for secondary students is an especially understudied area. Early research has developed knowledge on poetry reception in class but little is known about how secondary students read and use poetry in their spare time. Knowledge of the leisure uses of poetry could have implications for pedagogy.  The aim of this study is to map and develop knowledge of how keen readers of poetry became interested in the genre and use poetry today in their spare time. The material consists of 21 semi-­structured online interviews. The analysis shows that participants tend to come from families that read and value literature. The participants generally develop an interest in poetry during late adolescence. Reading is the most common leisure activity. There is little online activity with poetry in the group. Many read poetry to be inspired and integrate what they read in other texts, images and music. Participants tend to prefer lyric poetry and a male western canon is dominant in their examples of favourite poets.
Adopsi Inovasi Program Keluarga Berencana oleh Akseptor dari Komunitas Adat Terpencil Baduy diKecamatan Leuwidamar Kabupaten Lebak
Authors: Sihabudin Ahmad , Mutjaba Burhanudin , Dimyati Idi
Published: April 2018

Adanya trend peningkatan akseptor Keluarga Berencana (KB) pada Komunitas Adat Terpencil (KAT) Baduy Kecamatan Leuwidamar Kabupaten Lebak Banten. Data menunjukkan Tahun 2006 Akseptor KB di Baduy Luar berjumlah 647 peserta, per bulan Pebruari 2014 jumlah akseptor KB Baduy Luar 1403 peserta, dan akseptor di Baduy dalam 16 peserta. Selain itu ada variasi penggunaan alat kontrasepsi yang dipakai, pada masa awal KAT Baduy menerima konsep KB kebanyakan mereka menggunakan implant. Dari gejala tersebut penelitian ini dirancang dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan ciri inovasi KB, saluran atau media apa dalam penyebaran KB; faktor-faktor karakteristik adopter apa saja yang mempengaruhi penerimaan KB. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Survai explanasi. Jumlah sample penelitian sebanyak 100 orang. analisis dengan menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, dan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar peubah dilakukan analisis korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanUsia responden sebenarnya relatif terdistribusi mulai umur 13 sampai 45 tahun, paling banyak adalah usia 18-25 tahun. Jumlah putra yang dimiliki paling dominan antara 2 anak dan 4 anak.Jenis Pekerjaan responden sebagian besar adalah penenun kain. Jarak rumah tempat tinggal responden  ke klinik kesehatan sebagian besar berjarak 2 jam perjalanan kaki ke klinik. Jenis alat KB (kontrasepsi) mayoritas perempuan Baduy Luar menggunakan suntik. Masa lama telah ber-KB, sebagian besar 1-3 Tahun, ada juga sudah 7-9 tahun  dan yang lebih dari 10 tahun ber-KB ternayata cukup besar. Lama memutuskan ikut KB sebagian besar yakni 6 bulan. Saat awal ber KB mayoritas alat kontrasepsi yang merteka pilih dengan cara suntik. Alasan  ber-KB jawaban yang paling banyak disebut adalah demi menjarangkan anak. Diperlukan pengembangan strategi agar perubahan terencana dapat dilakukan untuk lebih memenuhi kebutuhan akan keluarga berencana masyarakat adat baduy. Terdapat korelasi yang positif antara karakteristik akseptor KB dengan efektifitas penerimaan inovasi.Korelasi antara sistem sosial dengan efektifitas penerimaan inovasi bernilai negatif atau hampir tanpa pengaruh.Korelasi antara jenis saluran komunikasi dengan efektifitas penerimaan inovasi mempunyai hubungan yang cukup kuat.
Peran Orangtua dan Guru dalam Membangun Internet sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran
Authors: Chalim Shaifuddin , Anwas E Oos. M
Published: April 2018

Realitas perilaku anak-anak dan remaja masa kini sudah dipengaruhi oleh internet. Lingkungan keluarga dan sekolah dituntut kondusif agar anak-anak dan remaja menggunakan internet secara positif terutama untuk pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui:1) perilaku siswa dalam menggunakan internet; 2) peran orangtua dan guru dalam membangun internet sebagai sumber pembelajaran; dan 3) faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan intensitas penggunaan internet untuk pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil deskripsi data dan uji korelasi diketahui bahwa semua siswa setiap hari menggunakan internet, dengan rata-rata lebih dari dua jam. Penggunaan internet untuk keperluan pembelajaran cukup tinggi. Tingginya penggunaan internet untuk pembelajaran tersebut dipengaruhi oleh tingginya kepedulian orangtua dalam membimbing anaknya belajar dan mengontrol penggunaan internet, tingginya intensitas guru menggunakan internet untuk pembelajaran, tingkat pendidikan orangtua terutama ibu, serta intensitas membaca buku pelajaran. Menggunakan media sosial, bermain game online, menggunakan internet walaupun intensitasnya tinggi tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan penggunaan internet untuk pembelajaran. Implikasinya bahwa para orangtua dan guru dituntut lebih peduli terhadap pembelajaran, terutama memanfaatkan internet untuk mendukung keberhasilan pembelajaran.
Quality of Life in Symptomatic Individuals After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, With and Without Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Filbay Stephanie R. , Ackerman Ilana N. , Dhupelia Sanjay , Arden Nigel K. , Crossley Kay M.
Published: April 2018

Study Design

Clinical measurement, cross-sectional.

Background

Individuals who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction commonly experience long-term impairments in quality of life (QoL), which may be related to persistent knee symptoms or radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA). Understanding the impact of knee symptoms and ROA on QoL after ACL reconstruction may assist in the development of appropriate management strategies.

Objectives

To (1) compare QoL between groups of individuals after ACL reconstruction (including those who are symptomatic with ROA, symptomatic without ROA, and asymptomatic [unknown ROA status]), and (2) identify specific aspects of QoL impairment in symptomatic individuals with and without ROA post ACL reconstruction.

Methods

One hundred thirteen participants completed QoL measures (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score QoL subscale [KOOS-QoL], Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life [ACL-QoL], Assessment of Quality of Life-8 Dimensions [AQoL-8D]) 5 to 20 years after ACL reconstruction. Eighty-one symptomatic individuals underwent radiographs, and 32 asymptomatic individuals formed a comparison group. Radiographic osteoarthritis was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade of 2 or greater for the tibiofemoral and/or patellofemoral joints. Mann-Whitney U tests compared outcomes between groups. Individual ACL-QoL items were used to explore specific aspects of QoL.

Results

In symptomatic individuals after ACL reconstruction, ROA was related to worse knee-related outcomes on the KOOS-QoL (median, 50; interquartile range [IQR], 38–69 versus median, 69; IQR, 56–81; P<.001) and the ACL-QoL (median, 51; IQR, 38–71 versus median, 66; IQR, 50–82; P = .04). The AQoL-8D scores showed that health-related QoL was impaired in both symptomatic groups compared to the asymptomatic group. The ACL-QoL item scores revealed greater limitations and concern surrounding sport and exercise and social/emotional difficulties in the symptomatic group with ROA.

Conclusion

Osteoarthritis is associated with worse knee-related QoL in symptomatic individuals after ACL reconstruction. Diagnosing ROA in symptomatic individuals after ACL reconstruction may be valuable, because these individuals may require unique management. Targeted strategies to facilitate participation in satisfying activities have potential to improve QoL in symptomatic people with ROA after ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(5):398–408. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7830
Catalytic Ring Closing Reactions of Gold Compounds Containing Bis(phosphino)ferrocene Ligands
Authors: Michaels Toni A. , Dell Justine , Nataro Chip
Published: April 2018

A variety of gold compounds containing bis(phosphino)ferrocene ligands were examined as catalysts in the ring closing reaction of (Z)-3-methylpent-2-en-4-yn-1-ol
Iron Dissolution from Goethite (α-FeOOH) Surfaces in Water by Ab Initio Enhanced Free Energy Simulations
Authors: Klyukin Konstantin , Rosso Kevin , Alexandrov Vitaly
Published: April 2018

Dissolution of redox-active metal oxides plays a key role in a variety of phenomena including (photo)electrocatalysis, degradation of battery materials, corrosion of metal oxides and biogeochemical cycling of metals in natural environments. Despite its widespread significance, mechanisms of metal-oxide dissolution remain poorly understood at the atomistic level. This study is aimed at elucidating the long-standing problem of iron dissolution from Fe(III)-oxide, a complex process involving coupled hydrolysis, surface protonation, electron transfer, and metal-oxygen bond cleavage. We examine the case of goethite (α-FeOOH), a representative phase bearing structural similarities with many other metal (hydr)oxides. By employing quantum molecular dynamics simulations (metadynamics combined with the Blue Moon ensemble approach), we unveil the mechanistic pathways and rates of both nonreductive and reductive dissolution of iron from the (110) and (021) goethite facets in aqueous solutions at room temperature. Our simulations reveal the interplay between concerted internal (structural) and external (from solution) protonation as essential for breaking Fe-O bonds, as well as for stabilizing intermediate configurations of dissolving Fe. We demonstrate specifically how Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II) yields higher dissolution rates than the proton-mediated pathway, while the most rapid dissolution is expected for these two processes combined, in agreement with experiments.
Радиологическая служба ДНР
Authors: Семикоз Н. Г. , Селивра Ю. Н. , Бондарь А. В. , Рогалев А. В.
Published: April 2018

представлен анализ работы радиологической службы ДНР за 2017 год; выделены проблемные вопросы, касающиеся оборудования для лучевой терапии; определены перспективы развития.
Regulation of microtubule dynamic instability by the carboxy-terminal tail of β-tubulin
Authors: Fees Colby P , Moore Jeffrey K
Published: April 2018

Dynamic instability is an intrinsic property of microtubules; however, we do not understand what domains of αβ-tubulins regulate this activity or how these regulate microtubule networks in cells. Here, we define a role for the negatively charged carboxy-terminal tail (CTT) domain of β-tubulin in regulating dynamic instability. By combining in vitro studies with purified mammalian tubulin and in vivo studies with tubulin mutants in budding yeast, we demonstrate that β-tubulin CTT inhibits microtubule stability and regulates the structure and stability of microtubule plus ends. Tubulin that lacks β-tubulin CTT polymerizes faster and depolymerizes slower in vitro and forms microtubules that are more prone to catastrophe. The ends of these microtubules exhibit a more blunted morphology and rapidly switch to disassembly after tubulin depletion. In addition, we show that β-tubulin CTT is required for magnesium cations to promote depolymerization. We propose that β-tubulin CTT regulates the assembly of stable microtubule ends and provides a tunable mechanism to coordinate dynamic instability with ionic strength in the cell.
The Federation of Labour's right to bargain campaign: its background, impact and effectiveness
Authors: Harbridge Raymond , Edwards Don
Published: April 2018

In a period where trade union organisation was persistently attacked by the Government and denied the right to industrial bargaining, union leaders of the 1980s have committed themselves to a widespread understanding of industrial and wider economic issues facing working people. Organisationally the Federation of Labour ( FoL) set out to achieve this through the development of the "campaign" strategy. The campaigns included meetings, rallies, and short industrial stoppages. The first of the campaigns took place in 1980 and the most recent in 1984. This research examines the 1984 FoL campaign - the right to bargain campaign - and reveals that it was one of New Zealand's largest ever single industrial disputes, with over 57 000 workers losing over 125 000 working days in less than 3 months. The extent of the campaign reflects the increased ability of the FoL to coordinate and direct a campaign in selected areas. The campaign came to an abrupt end when Prime Minister, Sir Robert Muldoon, called an unscheduled General Election. This led the FoL to direct its efforts away from industrial stoppages and towards the election of a Labour Government. Labour won the 1984 election, winning particularly vvell in the major city centres. The authors hypothesise that the educative impact of the right to bargain campaign was in part responsible far that electoral victory and to that extent the carnpaign could be considered a success.
The inactivities of employer unions
Authors: Brosnan Peter , Walsh Pat , Rowe Philip
Published: April 2018

This paper reports the results of a survey of New Zealand employer unions. It is found that many employer unions are completely inactive. Those that are active are little inclined to hold meetings and few provide a range of services to members. The most active employer unions are those attached to a trade association and/or with their own office separate from the New Zealand Employers Federation.
The management of industrial relations
Authors: Hince Kevin
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the need for change in the framework of industrial relations and some of the issues suggested by the Government's Green Paper. It explores various management approaches to industrial relations and suggests some areas of omission front the Government's present review.
Occupational health and safety legislation: possibilities for future development
Authors: Campbell Ian B.
Published: April 2018

That there should be much greater attention to the problem of occupational health and safety may be demonstrated by the out-dated and fragnented legislation and its administration now current in New Zealand, notwithstanding recent legislative changes. It is suggested that there are many factors that should be considered in developing a new course of action and recent approaches in some other countries, notably Britain and Canada are examined for their relevance to New Zealand's future needs. Among the factors considered are scientific, economic, ethical and political aspects. Probably the greatest need lies in the necessity of paying a lot more attention to the health effects of the working environment. Also recommended is a well-informed approach to self-regulation which involves all in the workplace and, as a consequence, calls for a lot more training and education. Joint training for all members of management-labour committees is regarded as essential. A tripartite authority is proposed to take over the present role of government departments.
Union policies and the structure of part-time employment: the case of registered nursing
Authors: Dixon Sylvia
Published: April 2018

This paper cosiders the impact of the New Zealand Nurses Association and the Public Service Association upon the development of part-tinze employment patterns in public hospital-based registered nursing. It argues that an understanding of the policies and negotiating strategies of unions and professional associations is required for a full explanation of part-time employment's uneren industrial and occupational distribution.
The applicability of the common law in an industrial relations context (with special reference to industrial action): a comment
Authors: Vranken Martin
Published: April 2018

This paper reflects on the uneasy relationship that exists in New Zealand between common law and industrial law. A parallel is drawn with the move of labour law away from the general principles of the civil law in Continental Western Europe. It is argued that, especially in the context of industrial action the Labour Relations Act 1987 missed out on a unique chance to assert fully the social autonorny of New Zealand labour law.
The role of the courts in industrial relations
Authors: Richardson Ivor
Published: April 2018

The topic for discussion today is the role of the courts in industrial relations. I begin by making an immediate qualification and by indicating 2 areas on which I wish to focus. The qualification is that in referring to the courts, I am speaking of the role of the courts of general jurisdiction, particularly the High Court and Court of Appeal, rather than courts and tribunals with specialist responsibilities and notably the Court of Arbitration and its successors. the Industrial Court the Arbitration Court and now soon, the Labour Court. The first matter I propose to explore quite briefly concerns the special features of industrial relations which bear on the role of the courts of general jurisdiction in conflict resolution in that field. The second is to say something about the experience of the Court of Appeal in industrial relations questions in recent years.
Compulsory arbitration and the state sector
Authors: Roth Herbert
Published: April 2018

"Nothing in this Act shall apply to Her Majesty the Queen, or any department of the Government of New Zealand", said section 91 of the original Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act of 1894, but there was a saving sentence "except as herein is otherwise expresslly provided". What was expressly provided was spelled out in Part lV. sections 82 to 84 which applied the act to the govemment railvays. This raises two questions: Why were railwaymen included in a measure which otherwise applied to the private sector only? and, why were railwaymen the only government employees covered by the arbitration act? My paper addresses these questions and reaches the conclusion that fear of a national transport strike as the main reason for the inclusion of railwaymen though the reasons for the exclusion of other government employees are less clear-cut. The paper then explores the attitudes of state employee organisations to the compulsory arbitration system up to the establishment of the first wagefixing tribunal in the state sector, patterned on the Arbitration Court, in 1944, and concludes with a brief survey of more recent developments.
Strikes, injunctions and compliance orders: the Labour Relations Act 1987
Authors: Greenslade Bevan
Published: April 2018

The paper begins by criticising aspects of recent articles which are taken as indicative of views other than of employers, on economic torts and the Labour Court. In particular, it respectfully doubts the propriety of Richardson's dissenting views in the Baking Trades case, and the correctness of the learned Judge's re-statement of the common thesis that industrial relations is a unique civil relationship which necessarily demands a separate labour jurisdiction. It then discusses some problems appearing in the first few month's application of the 1987 Act, particularly regarding remedies against strikes lvith simultaneous and multiple causes. The paper closes with an argument that striking is totally outdated.
The Labour Market in a Deregulated Economy
Authors: Williams A.
Published: April 2018

This paper attempts to extend the debate over labour market flexibility by incorporating some of the larger exogenous issues that are currently shaping New Zealand's future as a trading nation. It argues that structural shifts in the face of global price competition have important consequences for labour demand and in turn for both the institutional agencies of industial relations and for operational practices. The increasing importance of the formative role of mu;lti-national corporate practices are also discussed, particularly their tendency to treat labour supply requirements as a special case of factor markets in which the human factor is melded into an integrated socio-economic system. The paper concludes that current changes in labour law have still not addressed the question of the degree of flexibility that a deregulated labour market might require and that the potential for considerable conflict exists between employer and trade union perceptions as to the roles of current institutions.
The emergence and development of fair relativity as a state pay fixing criterion in New Zealand
Authors: Powell Ian
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses the emergence and development offair relativity as a state pay fixing criterion, culminating in the adoption by Parliament of the State Services Remuneration and Conditions of Employment Act 1969. Within the theme of the evolution of fair relativity as a state pay fixing criterion, two questions prevail. First, was this evolution through consensus or conflict, and second, was the state sector central union leadership wise and proactive or unwise and reactive in its approach to this issue. Discontent over state pay fixing procedures and criteria in the period 1962-67, particularly insofar as it contributed to the establishment of the 1968 Royal Commission is outlined, along with the CSSO boycott debate and decision. The debate between government departments and external organisations within the Royal Commission is discussed, with particular regard to the pivotal submissions of the SSC, Treasury and the Employers' Federation. The report and recommendations of the Royal Commission concerning pay fixing criteria are examined along with the subsequent disputes and negotiations between the SSCC and CSSO leading to the 1969 Act.
Rights disputes procedures in Canada and New Zealand
Authors: Rose Joseph B.
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the resolution of rights disputes in Canada and New Zealand. It begins with an overview of the statutory distinction between interest and rights disputes and traces the development of rights disputes procedures in both countries. This is followed by a comparison of the characteristics of rights disputes procedures in each country, e.g., scope and third-party involvement. The final section considers the performance of disputes procedures, including whether they act as a strike substitute and provide timely and cost effective dispute resolution. The implications of these findings for employment justice also are considered.
An adequate minimum code: a basis for freedom, justice and efficiency in the labour market
Authors: Brosnan Peter , Rea David
Published: April 2018

This paper explores the case for expanding and improving the minimum code of employment protections. A framework is developed for u.nderstanding the various "floors" which provide protection for individuals within society. It is then argued that recent changes to these protections, in particular the Employment Contracts Act and the decline in social welfare entitlements, have left many people vulnerable to exploitation and poverty. Strengthening the minimum code provides a solution to this problem. A better level of basic protections are also a spur to productivity. The paper argues that an adequate minimum code encourages a more efficient use of labour.
From personal tragedy to social oppression: the medical model and social theories of disability
Authors: Sullivan Martin
Published: April 2018

Over the last decade the medical model with its individualized, psychologized and medicalized account of disability has been rejected in favour of a sociological account that views disabil.ity as an oppressive social creation. In these later accounts, the focus shifts from individual impairment to the disabling effects of social organization and structures designed around, and for, non-disabled people. This paper compares and contrasts the conceptual and theoretical approaches of both these models. In the light of these models, disability social policy, particularly as it affects the employment of disabled people, is examined.
Industrial Relations in Kiribati
Authors: Hince Kevin
Published: April 2018

This paper examines recent developments in industrial relations in Kiribati and
questions the appropriateness of continuing with an indurtrial relations legislative framework, procedures and institutions that are a legacy of colonial rule. In recent years there have been moves to revamp this in keeping with local practices. Although the early period after independence brought a union-government confrontation, recent responses suggest that Kiribati may move towards a more pluralist, tripartite approach to industrial relations processes and institutions in the 1990s.
Western Samoa Trade Unionism: the 1981 Public Service Strike
Authors: Snell Rick
Published: April 2018

I have used a proposition developed in Kerry Howe's seminal work Where the Waves
Fall (1984) to offer an explanatory framework for understanding industrial relations in the South Pacific. The paper concentrates on applying this analysis to a key moment in Western Samoan industrial relations, the 1981 public service strike. The key concept used in this analysis is mutual adjustment. The concept refers to an interactive process between foreign institutions, such as trade unions, and pre-existing institutions and values like fa' a Samoa (the cultural and political value system of Western Samoa). While the 1981 strike, and South Pacific industrial relations in general, can be interpreted from a nwnber of pespectives rhe approach used in this paper may offer a method that does not obscure the full interplay between Western values and institutions and local forces.
Award, Agreement or Nothing? A Review of the Impact of S132(a) of the Labour Relations Act 1987 on Collective Bargaining
Authors: Harbridge Raymond , McCaw Stuart
Published: April 2018

The on-going saga of the G.N. Hale redundancy dispute appears now to have run its course. From grievance committee, to the Labour Court, to the Court of Appeal, and back to the Labour Court, the case has attracted considerable attention - from the media and naturally from industrial relations practitioners, eager to learn the view of the New Zealand court system on the vexed matter of redundancy compensation. In the most recent Labour Coun decision on Hale (WLC89/90), Goddard C J held that while the employer was able to prove that the worker was genuinely made redundant the dismissal was unjustifiable because "the circumstances called for the payment of compensation; none was paid; and the amount that was offered and refused was fixed by unilateral decision of the employer and was inadequate". The effect of this decision is profound. Employers planning to make employees redundant have a new set of requirements to meet before their actions can be taken as justifiable. While it will remain the case that there is no right to compensation for a dismissal on the grounds of redundancy unless that right is conferred by a redundancy agreement or by an award or collective agreement, there may still be a right to compensation if the dismissal, although genuinely on the grounds of redundancy, is unjustifiable and thereby gives rise to a successful personal grievance. An employer will now need to focus on the circumstances of the redundancy to detetuaine whether it calls for compensation and where it does, the employer will need to offer, and have accepted, compensation that is both adequate and negotiated.
Workplace Reform and International Competitiveness: The Case of New Zealand
Authors: Enderwick Peter
Published: April 2018

The Porter Report recommends New Zealand businesses pursue a strategy of high value added through upgrading competitive advantage. Central to such a strategy is the refotm of workplace relations. This paper posits two possible models for reform: one based on Japanese type practices the other building on the Australian refotnz experience. The discussion suggests the need for reforms based primarily at the level of the enterprise and conducive to behaviour which assists improvements in quality, innovation, product differentiation and flexibility.
Unions and Non-union Bargaining Agents under the Employment Contracts Act 1991: an Assessment after 12 Months
Authors: Boxall Peter , Haynes Peter
Published: April 2018

This paper records a study of the impacts of the Employment Contracts Act 1991 (ECA) on unions and non-union bargaining agents. The assessment primarily relates to the first 12 months of the Act's operation but, where appropriate, does extrapolate certain trends into the foreseeable future. Both trade unions and non-union agents (alternative worker agents and employer agents) are discussed.
One Year of Practise with the Act
Authors: Kiely Peter , Caisley Andrew
Published: April 2018

The introduction of the Employment Contracts Act 1991 marked a fundamental change in New Zealand Industrial Law. This change is clearly reflected in the introductions to the Act and its predecessor.
Dispute Resolution in the Employment Tribunal Part Two: Adjudication
Authors: Grills Walter
Published: April 2018

Adjudication under the Employment Contracts Act (the ECA or the Act) is synonymous with arbitration, and chosen to help emphasise the break from the arbitration-based industrial relations system that prevailed previously in New Zealand Many advocates will, by now, be acquainted with the difference between mediation and adjudication or arbitration. The process of adjudication before the Employment Tribunal is similar to the process which takes place before the Employment Court, or for that matter, the process which takes place before the District or High Courts. In adjudication, both parties put to the Tribunal argument and the evidence in support of that argument. The process of adjudication leads to a decision by the Employment Tribunal. The decision is legally binding on the parties unless appealed on an issue of fact or law to the Employment Court. This paper deals with the practicalities and points of procedure involved in adjudication before the Employment Tribunal.
The Case Against Specialist Jurisdiction for Labour Law: The Philosophical Assumptions of a Common Law for Labour Relations
Authors: Wailes Nick
Published: April 2018

The aim of this paper is to outline the philosophical assumptions that form the basis of the present call for the abolition of specialist jurisdiction for labour law in New Zealand The discussion here focuses on Epstein's (1983a) "A common law for labour relations ..." because it is the key statement of the case against a specialist jurisdiction, and the conclusions he advances have played an important role in the debate about labour law in New Zealand While academic literature has been largely critical of the call for the
abolition of the Employment Court, there have been very few attempts to come to terms with the types of arguments used by the "abolitionists". It is argued that an adequate critique needs to be built on an understanding of the philosophical assumptions that are driving the current changes in labour relations legislation.
The Impact of the Employment Contracts Act on Labour Law: Implications for Unions
Authors: Grills Walter
Published: April 2018

The Employment Contracts Act 1991 (the ECA or the Act) is only one of a number of fundamental changes to the basis upon which New Zealand society has recently been required to operate. These changes have been thrust upon New Zealanders by successive governments. The response of the people to such forced feeding has been to change the very basis of how governments are to be elected and are to operate. The public complaint is not only with the fast pace of unanticipated and undesired change. The complaint is more with the failure of politicians once elected to carry out policy announced in the process of electioneering.
Babies and Bosses: An Examination of Section 41 of the Parental Leave and Employment Protection Act 1987
Authors: Jagose Pheroze
Published: April 2018

Domestic and international considerations rel~evant to the Parental Leave and Employment Protection Act 1987 (hereeafter the PLEP Act 1987 or the 1987 Act) justify and require the strict interpretation of the central provisions of that legislation. Section 41 of the 1987 Act, if it is to be interpreted so as to ensure its intended effect requires a four-step process to be successfully negotiated by an employer before the section's presumption, establishing the parent's right to return to work after parental leave, may be rebutted. The legislation does not anticipate a balancing of competing workplace interests but holds the worker's interest to be superior to that of his or her employer. Such a statutory imbalance explicitly recognises a worker's independent interest in his or her employment.
Changes in Western Australian Industrial Relations
Authors: Fells Ray , Mulvey Charles
Published: April 2018

Western Australia was the first jurisdiction in Australia to legislate for compulsory arbitration. The original legislation, which was modelled on the New Zealand Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act of 1894, was enacted in 1900, replaced by another Act in 1912, another in 1979, and amended on a number of occasions subsequently.
From Rigid to Flexible Employment Practices in UK Commercial Television: a Case of Government Led Reform
Authors: Campling John Trevor
Published: April 2018

The article locates the forces precipitating the radical changes in employment practices in British Commercial Television since the mid 1980s and proceeds to discuss the various dintensions of these employment reforms jron1 a "flexible firm" perspective. It is argued that perceived pressure from government, rather than jron1 the product market, triggered the unilateral imposition by management of "flexible" employment practices. In addition, key industrial events in British comnzercial television, such as the dissolution of national multi-employer collective bargaining arrangenzents and the strike and lockout at TVam, combined with the numerous changes to national labour relations legislation, shifted the balance of industrial power to management. This allowed "flexible" practices to be introduced nzore rapidly and without disruptive opposition from the broadcasting unions. Whilst the new "flexible" employment arrangetnents have reduced labour costs dramatically in the short term, some of the practices are inconsistent, resulting in employee morale and product quality problems. With governments in New Zealand and Australia pursuing a variety of policies to inject greater "flexibility" and less regulation into product markets, labour I markets and work places, they should pay close attention to the lessons that can be learnt from the British commercial television experience. The impact upon productivity, work practices, and employment levels of politically instigated employmnent change is of importance to an industry; facing such circumstances. It is also contributes to the wider debate on the origins and nature of employment flexibility and changes in industrial relations.
The Employment Contracts Act and Work Stoppages
Authors: Henning Jon
Published: April 2018

A number of important changes in New Zealand's industrial relations have been credited to the effect of the Employment Contracts Act. Among them has been a decline in the level of industrial action, or as Bill Birch has put it, "a dramatic turn-around from the industrial conflict of the past" This particular change has been attributed by the Government to the establishment of increased and more constructive communication between employers and employees) no longer impeded by the autocratic and unwarranted interference of old style untontsts.
Redundancy: Trends in Compensation
Authors: Harbridge Raymond , Kiely Peter
Published: April 2018

Redundancy is an unpleasant aspect of working life. Employers, from time to time, find they have too many staff or staff with the wrong skills, and accordingly lay employees off. A recent survey of 400 firms indicated that 9,507 employees had been made redundant in the past year (Russell, McVeigh et al., 1995). Ferguson (1992) identifies various legislators' attempts to tip the balance in favour of employers over the matter of redundancy compensation.
Contesting Symbolic Space: The Struggle over the Employment Contracts Act 1991
Authors: Scott Jane
Published: April 2018

This article is based on research concerning the relationship between the neo-liberal project in New Zealand and the mass media since 1984. New Zealand has undoubtedly experienced a major shift in public policy orientation in correspondence with structural changes in the political economy. The assumed role of government under social democratic Keynesianism was questioned and restructuring of the state became central to the neo-liberal project. The resultant policies reorganised economic, political and social priorities were rapidly implemented and had a detrimental impact upon various sectors of society. Consequently, such policies had to be rationalised and strategically promoted in order to marginalise opposition and allay public scepticism. As neo-liberalism was being transmitted to the public, New Zealand's media system was undergoing changes in terms of the surrounding economic environment and media-government relationships. Such circumstances enabled both the fourth Labour Government and the succeeding National administration to routinely communicate their messages. This claim required illustration. To this end I undertook research on the debate conducted in and through the media over the introduction of the Employment Contracts Act (1991).
Industrial Relations in a Plural Society
Authors: Rowe J. W.
Published: April 2018

In the course of this address I shall be using terms which, though familiar to many of you may noti n fact be known to all of you or umderstood by you in the way I understand them. It is therefore appropriate to begin the evening with some definitions wh1ch I hope will help clarify what I have to say
Impasse Procedures: The American Experience
Authors: Turkington Don J.
Published: April 2018

Recent American industrial relations have been characterized by experimentation with alternatives to the strike. Much of this experimentation is the result of public sector workers gaining access to collective bargaining while continuing to be denied access to the strike. In the United States, as in many countries, governments have taken the view that their employees should not strike. Considerations of public service, sovereignty and representative democracy, essentiality of government services and of the lack of some private sector restramts underlie this view
The Coal Mines Council
Authors: Rintoul Ralph
Published: April 2018

This paper is intended as an introduction to a disputes resolving procedure peculiar to the New Zealand mining industry. To the best of the writer's knowledge no previous attempt has been made to describe this mdustrial tribunal (Coal Mines Council). I could find no trace of any in-depth study on the value of this and other industrial decision-making bodies in New Zealand. It has not been possible therefore to draw comparisons. The opinions expressed are those of the writer, and not necessarily those of the Mines Department, Coal Mine Owners or Miners' Unions.
Negotiating with the Japanese
Authors: Glogoski Alan
Published: April 2018

Many characteristics of Japanese society and institutions are absolutely unique. These must be recognized and understood if an effective dialogue w1th the Japanese is to be achieved Traditional Japanese values are not derived from or even influenced to any significant degree by Judeo-Christian traditions or beliefs. Many things that are taken for granted in the West are therefore completely alien to their culture and are outside their traditional system I would like to touch on some important aspects of the traditional Japanese culture, society, national character and political system, and how these influence their negotiating habits
Working Together for New Zealand's Development
Authors: Holmes Frank
Published: April 2018

New Zealand is having serious drffrculty in sustaining the living standards, public services and benefits, and opportunities to work which our people have come to expect. A major reason for this is that the outside world is not treating us as kindly as it did In the first 25 years after the war. Each unit of goods we export now buys only about three-quarters of the imports which it would, on average, during that golden period. This adverse movement in our terms of trade has exposed more clearly the consequences of the inefficiencies with which we use many of the resources with which we have been endowed
Bastion Point and the Trade Unions
Authors: Jackson Syd
Published: April 2018

There is no doubt that Trade Union support was vital to the Ngati Whatua people during their 500 day occupation of Bastion Point. The involvement of Trade Unions in areas of social concern such as Bastion Point, which are outside the scope of 'bread and butter' issues has been a matter of deep concern to some people.
The 1981 Federation of Labour Conference
Authors: Harbridge Raymond
Published: April 2018

The unity that had been expressed at the FOL Conference following the successful Kenleith settlement, has been placed under considerable strain following the arrests of picketers at Mangere Airport and the resultant Kiwis Care march led by Tania Harris through the streets of Auckland. Union morale had taken a battering, and the effect of this on the unity of the labour movement had explosive potential for the 1981 FOL Conference. Unity within the labour movement was strained, but the split came not between unionists but between the industrial and political wings of the labour movement, and was to become a major issue throughout Conference.
SYMPOSIUM: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY: Introduction: New Zealand Occupational Health and Safety Legislation Viewed Against the World Scene
Authors: Campbell Ian B.
Published: April 2018

Recent issues of this journal have contained articles dealing with safety and health issues in industrial relations (Benson, 1981; Hamilton and Penney, 1982; Beaumont and Leopold, 1982). These articles reflect an awareness of occupational safety and health issues which has been developing over the last decade; both in New Zealand and overseas. This development prompted the journal to advertise for papers for a symposium on occupational safety and health. The response was very great indeed. Of the papers offered, 6 were selected for publication. These papers provide an interesting mix of case studies, national surveys and international cotnparisons.