bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochrome-dependent responsiveness to root-derived cytokinins enables coordinated elongation responses to combined light and nitrate cues
Authors: Gautrat Pierre , Buti Sara , Romanowski Andrés , Lammers Michiel , Matton Sanne E. A. , Buijs Guido , Pierik Ronald
Published: October 2024

Plants growing at high densities can detect competitors through changes in the composition of light reflected by neighbours. In response to this far-red-enriched light, plants elicit adaptive shade avoidance responses for light capture, but these need to be balanced against other input signals, such as nutrient availability. Here, we investigated how Arabidopsis integrates shade and nitrate signalling. We unveiled that nitrate modulates shade avoidance via a previously unknown shade response pathway that involves root-derived trans-zeatin (tZ) signal and the BEE1 transcription factor as an integrator of light and cytokinin signalling. Under nitrate-sufficient conditions, tZ promotes hypocotyl elongation specifically in the presence of supplemental far-red light. This occurs via PIF transcription factors-dependent inhibition of type-A ARRs cytokinin response inhibitors. Our data thus reveal how plants co-regulate responses to shade cues with root-derived information about nutrient availability, and how they restrict responses to this information to specific light conditions in the shoot.
Normal caloric intake with high-fat diet induces metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and dyslipidemia without obesity in rats
Authors: Szudzik Mateusz , Hutsch Tomasz , Chabowski Dawid , Zajdel Mikołaj , Ufnal Marcin
Published: October 2024

Excessive caloric intake and obesity due to high-fat (HFD) and high-disaccharide (HDD) diets have been recognized as major contributing factors to dyslipidemia and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the effect of HFD and HDD without excessive caloric intake is obscure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of physiological caloric intake delivered through HFD and HDD on liver and lipid profiles. The study was performed on 6-week-old male and female (50/50%) Sprague Dawley rats, receiving either a standard (controls, n = 16), HFD (n = 14) or HDD (n = 14) chow. All groups received the same, standard daily calorie rations, titrated weekly to the age of growing rats, for 12 weeks. A panel of metabolic in vivo measurement were performed, followed by histological, biochemical and molecular biology assays on tissues harvested from sacrificed rats. There was no significant difference between the groups in body weight. In contrast to controls, HFD and HDD groups showed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, ballooning of hepatocytes and fibrosis. These changes were more pronounced in the HFD than in the HDD group. The HFD group showed significantly higher serum LDL than controls or HDD rats. Furthermore, the HFD group had higher liver protein levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) but lower plasma levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) than the controls or HDD group. There were no differences between sexes in evaluated parameters. The excessive caloric intake and obesity are not prerequisites for the development of MASH and dyslipidemia in rats. The liver changes induced by the HFD and HDD diets exhibit differences in severity, as well as in the expression patterns of LDLR and PCSK9. Notably, these effects are independent of the sex of the rats.
Differentiation of oligosaccharide isomers by direct infusion multidimensional mass spectrometry
Authors: Amoah Enoch , Sahraeian Taghi , Seth Ayesha , Badu-Tawiah Abraham K.
Published: October 2024

Halide adduction enables the generation of diagnostic fragments ions for oligosaccharide isomers enabling multi-dimensional mass spectrometry analysis without prior separation.
A simple fluorescent probe for selectively detecting Al3+ and F− in living cells and growing tea plants
Authors: Hu Didi , Bu Yingcui , Liu Mengxiao , Bai Fuqing , Li Jingjing , Li Longchun , Cai Huimei , Gan Xiaoping
Published: October 2024

The probe BHMP could be used as Al–F sequence detection with high selectivity and sensitivity. The probe BHMP also could be used to visualize Al3+ in living cells and tea tree roots.
Removal and measurement of trace amounts of rhodamine B in aqueous samples based on the synthesis of a nanosorbent composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with SiO2 and polydopamine by magnetic solid phase extraction
Authors: Yari Abdollah , Salemzadeh Mariam
Published: October 2024

Rhodamine B (RDB) dye is generally toxic and causes problems such as carcinogenic activities, neurological disorders, and respiratory tract irritations.
Synergistic catalysis for promoting selective C–C/C–O cleavage in plastic waste: structure–activity relationship and rational design of heterogeneous catalysts for liquid hydrocarbon production
Authors: Manal Arjun K. , Shivhare Atal , Lande Sharad , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: October 2024

The review examines the structure–function relationship and outlines future directions to develop heterogeneous catalysts for C–C and C–O bonds cleavage in plastic waste and upcycling real-world plastic waste into chemicals and fuels.
The [3+2] annulation of in situ formed trifluorodiazoethane with 4-nitroisoxazoles: access to trifluoromethylpyrazolo[3,4-d]isoxazoles
Authors: Wang Huamin , Meng Li-Qin , Niu Wenjing , Yang Wan-Qi , Ou Yu , Lin Ying-Wu
Published: October 2024

A general and practical K2CO3 promoted [3+2] annulation between trifluoroacetaldehyde N-triftosylhydrazone (TFHZ-Tfs) and 4-nitroisoxazoles has been developed to access structurally diverse trifluoromethylpyrazolo[3,4-d]isoxazoles.
Brønsted acid-mediated thiazole synthesis from sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Smy Joe L. , Ifill Roxanne , Hassell-Hart Storm
Published: October 2024

A Brønsted acid-mediated insertion of thioureas/thioamides into sulfoxonium ylides to synthesise 40 thiazoles (34–95% yields) under mild, metal-free conditions is described.
BODNs as biocompatible brominating reagents: visible-light photocatalytic tyrosine modification under physiologically favorable conditions
Authors: Yoshida Rakuto , Hori Yuichiro , Uraguchi Daisuke , Asano Keisuke
Published: October 2024

BODNs are inert in the dark under physiological conditions but become active as brominating reagents for tyrosine modification under visible light irradiation with a photocatalyst, leading to protein labeling with bromo groups as sensitive mass tags.
Cu-doped CdZnS nanocrystals: a leap forward in selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction to methane
Authors: Li Jiwei , Luo Ze , Zhou Tianqing , Huang Haibo , She Xilin , Tang Hua
Published: October 2024

This work utilizes Cu-doped CdZnS nanocrystals to efficiently and selectively convert CO2 to methane.
Advances in the self-organized total synthesis of natural products
Authors: Wang Li-Sheng , Xiang Jia-Chen , Wu An-Xin
Published: October 2024

In this review, we account for the definition, delimitation, and categorization of self-organized total synthesis and then elucidate a comprehensive understanding of this synthetic strategy based on our intensive explorations.
Two-dimensional viologen-based lanthanide coordination polymers as multi-stimuli responsive materials to light and amines with a fluorescence response
Authors: Wang Hao , Sun Xiao-Han , Wang Tian-Tian , Li Yu-Xin , Xu Ying-Ming , Sun Wen-Bin
Published: October 2024

Lanthanide-based materials exhibit rapid color change, light-modulated fluorescence, and selective volatile ammonia/amine detection via multi-pathway electron transfer.
Ba2GeF2Q3 (Q = S, Se) and Ba3GeF2Se4: new F-based chalcohalides with enhanced birefringence
Authors: Li Kaixuan , Wu Hongping , Yu Hongwei , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng
Published: October 2024

By regulating the configuration of the ionic lattice and the degree of polymerization of the covalent lattice, we realized the enhancement of birefringence.
Urothermal synthesis of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Teixeira Michaël , Baudron Stéphane A.
Published: October 2024

The use of urea derivatives as solvents for the preparation of metal–organic frameworks is reviewed.
Organic–inorganic hybrid Co-containing polyoxotungstate as an oxygen evolution catalyst
Authors: Chen Zhe-Hong , Zhang Xiao-Yue , Li Da-Huan , Li Xin-Xiong , Sun Yan-Qiong , Sun Cai , Zheng Shou-Tian
Published: October 2024

Herein, cobalt is incorporated into a polyoxotungstate (POW) to obtain a new organic–inorganic hybrid Co-containing POW with a reliable 1D nanowire structure.
Using inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy to probe CO2 binding in grafted aminosilanes
Authors: Potter Matthew E. , Cavaye Hamish , Le Brocq Joshua J. M. , Daemen Luke L. , Cheng Yongqiang
Published: October 2024

A combination of world-leading inelastic neutron scattering spectrometers have been used to probe CO2 adsorption on aminosilane systems, allowing for greater detail in different energy ranges, and observing faster transitions.
Enhancement of single-atom catalytic activity by the synergistic effect of interlayer charge transfer and magnetic coupling in an electride-based heterostructure
Authors: Tang Jiahui , Wang Xiaocha , Zhou Baozeng
Published: October 2024

Single-atom catalytic activity can be significantly enhanced by the synergistic effect of interlayer charge transfer and magnetic coupling in an electride-based heterostructure.
Heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials as potential heterogeneous Fenton reaction catalysts
Authors: Tan Haobin , Hou Xiuli , Zhou Chen , Wang Shengbo , Liu Qiang , Xu Zhenhui , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2024

A volcano relationship between the catalytic activity and the adsorption energies of reaction intermediates was found for the H2O2 dissociation on heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials.
Recent advances in polyoxometalate-based catalysts for light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhao Mengyun , Liu Qingqing , Feng Yeqin , Lv Hongjin
Published: October 2024

This Frontier article highlights our recent advances in the construction of efficient POM-based photocatalytic hydrogen evolution systems, focusing on polyoxometalate catalysts, light-absorbing photosensitizers, and sacrificial reagents.
Recent advances in tailoring the microenvironment of Pd-based catalysts for enhancing the performance in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Xilun , Wang Ziyue , Liu Liyang , He Xiaohui , Ji Hongbing
Published: October 2024

The direct synthesis of H2O2 (DSHP) is considered a promising process to replace anthraquinone method. In this review, we discussed the recent advances in tuning the microenvironment for enhancing DSHP performance and pointed out the challenges.
Host-sensitized borate phosphors ZnGdB5O10:Mn2+/Dy3+/Sm3+
Authors: Chen Yu , Gao Yan , Cong Rihong , Yang Tao
Published: October 2024

A host containing Gd3+ may facilitate the host-sensitization effect. Indeed, Mn2+ doped at the Zn2+ site of ZnGdB5O10 emits a close-to-ideal red light. Dy3+ and Sm3+ doped at the Gd3+ site emit close to white and orange light, respectively.
Correction: Gut-derived wild blueberry phenolic acid metabolites modulate extrinsic cutaneous damage
Authors: Ivarsson John , Bennett Abby , Ferrara Francesca , Strauch Renee , Vallese Andrea , Iorizzo Massimo , Pecorelli Alessandra , Lila Mary Ann , Valacchi Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Gut-derived wild blueberry phenolic acid metabolites modulate extrinsic cutaneous damage’ by John Ivarsson et al., Food Funct., 2024, 15, 7849–7864, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FO01874E.
Metal-free photoinduced-radical hydrocyclization of 2-isocyanides: a unified synthetic approach to facilely assemble diverse N-heteroarenes
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Wei Haonan , Du Jinrong , Zuo Zhijun
Published: October 2024

We present an efficient and sustainable protocol for the photoinduced-radical hydrocyclization of isocyanides, providing a united route to assemble diverse α-unsubstituted N-heteroarenes.
Effect of base methylation on binding and mobility of bacterial protein Hfq on double-stranded DNA
Authors: Easo George Jijo , Basak Rajib , Yadav Indresh , Tan Chuan Jie , van Kan Jeroen A. , Wien Frank , Arluison Véronique , van der Maarel Johan R. C.
Published: October 2024

Using nanofluidics to probe protein mobility on DNA reveals how DNA base methylation impacts protein–DNA interactions.
Deciphering amino acid adsorption on PVC surface: insights from molecular dynamics and PMF calculations
Authors: Saleh Amr H. , Malfreyt Patrice , Sahihi Mehdi
Published: October 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations of adsorption of amino acids on PVC surface.
Facile growth of binder-free Co3O4@FNF electrode with superior electrochemical performance for energy storage and sensing applications
Authors: Ameen Muhammad Owais , Wahid Ahtisham Abdul , Usman Muhammad , Haleem Yasir A. , Hussain Muhammad Asif , Raza Kabeer , Ahmed Naseeb , Wattoo Abdul Ghafar , Ahmad Ishfaq
Published: October 2024

Graphical representation of the electrode (Co3O4@FNF-1) for supercapacitor and sensing applications.
Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, and molecular docking of o-vanillin and l-valine derived molecules: a DFT study and antiproliferative activity against the PANC-1 cancer cell line
Authors: Shahid Misbah , Jain Preeti , De Anindita , Srivastava Vivek , Singh Aishwarya , Garg Manoj , Kamilya Sujit
Published: October 2024

In this article, we present theoretical and experimental investigation of o-vanillin and l-valine derived octahedral and square pyramidal Cu(ii) complexes.
Strategies to prepare polymers with cleavable linkages releasing active agents in acidic media
Authors: Kongkatigumjorn Nachnicha , Crespy Daniel
Published: October 2024

Hydrolysis stability of labile linkages in polymers can be tuned through careful selection of substituent groups near these linkages to selectively release active substances.
Expression of concern: Application of 1,4-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)butane ditribromide [bMImB]·(Br3)2 ionic liquid reagent for selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides
Authors: Manesh Abbas Amini , Eshbala Fereshteh Hosseini , Hemmati Saba , Veisi Hojat
Published: October 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Application of 1,4-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)butane ditribromide [bMImB]·(Br3)2 ionic liquid reagent for selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides’ by Abbas Amini Manesh et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 70265–70270, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA06182B.
Mechanochemical generation of aryl barium nucleophiles from unactivated barium metal
Authors: Kubota Koji , Kawamura Sota , Jiang Julong , Maeda Satoshi , Ito Hajime
Published: October 2024

Here, we present a mechanochemical strategy based on ball-milling that facilitates the direct generation of various aryl barium nucleophiles from commercially available unactivated barium metal.
Performance evaluation and improvement of deep Q network for lunar landing task
Authors: YUE Qi , SHI Yifan , CHU Jing , HUANG Yong
Published: October 2024

Reinforcement learning is now being applied more and more in a variety of scenarios, the majority of which are based on the deep Q network (DQN) technology. However, the algorithm is heavily influenced by multiple factors. In this paper, we take the lunar lander as a case to study how various hyper-parameters affect the performance of the DQN algorithm, based on which we tune to get a model with better performance. At present, it is known that the DQN model has an average reward of 280+ on 100 test episodes, and the reward value of the model in this article can reach 290+. Meanwhile, its robustness is tested and verified by introducing additional uncertainty tests into the original problem. In addition, to speed up the training process, imitation learning is incorporated in our model, using heuristic function model guidance method to obtain demonstration data, which accelerates training speed and improves performance. Simulation results have proven the effectiveness of this method.
UAV payload virtualization based on the unified driving and capability abstraction
Authors: LI Xiaojuan , ZHOU Xingshe , ZHANG Yu , YAO Yuan , YANG Gang
Published: October 2024

As UAV and swarms applications continue to deepen and become increasingly widespread, UAV payloads have characteristics such as diverse types, heterogeneous forms, and complex interfaces. At the same time, it is required that the system can quickly access and efficiently manage payloads. In order to decouple the close relationship between the payloads and the system platforms, and expand the compatibility with heterogeneous payloads, a novel payload device virtualization method is proposed. Firstly, a layered driver model is proposed to decouple the device hardware and device driver, standardize the payload access process, and the driver model is implemented by using the software and hardware. Secondly, a payload abstraction based on "capability" is proposed to decouple load application and device. Finally, specific examples for the verification of the virtualization method are implemented. The present UAV payload virtualization method can not only achieve software and hardware decoupling, but also enhance the compatibility and scalability of system, improving the efficiency of unified payload management.
A multi/single-objective transform-based approach for combat task re-assignment
Authors: ZHANG Jiandong , JI Longmeng , SHI Guoqing , GUO Yan , YANG Qiming , ZHANG Yaozhong
Published: October 2024

Cooperative combat task assignment is recently one of the hot spots in military research area, and it is generally divided by previous researchers into two separate phases, namely task pre-assignment and dynamic assignment. However, in this manner the correlation between the aforementioned two phases is to some extent neglected. This article investigates into this issue from the perspective of multi-and single-optimization, and proposes a transform method for multi/single-assignment optimization. Decision-maker's subjective preferences were obtained through their choices in the pre-assignment phase. Based on the acquired subjective preferences, the multi-objective optimization is transformed into single-objective optimization, and then the task re-assignment is completed using contract net protocol. Simulation results verify the proposed transform method as well as its applicability in dynamic assignment problems. Finally, the correlation between traditional multi-and single-objective optimization is demonstrated and a potential future research direction is outlined.
State estimation of variable frequency power grid of multi-electric aircraft based on adaptive enhanced complex-coefficient filter
Authors: HU Xin , GUO Mengjie , ZHANG Zhen , MA Ruiqing , DUAN Chendong
Published: October 2024

The power grid of a multi-electric aircraft is a typical isolated island microgrid with a wide frequency range from 360 to 800 Hz. The dynamic performance of the traditional constant-frequency power grid synchronization method is insufficient in the variable frequency power grid of the multi-electric aircraft. An adaptive enhanced complex-coefficient filter-based phase locked loop (AECCF-PLL) is designed for the variable frequency power grid by integrating an adaptive module into the enhanced complex-coefficient filter-based phase locked loop to accurately estimate the state of variable frequency power grid. The relationship between the transfer function and the step response is analyzed. The relationship between the model parameters and the frequency is derived, and the frequency adaptive module is established to meet the requirements for stability and rapidity in the state estimation of the variable frequency power grid. The experimental results show that the proposed AECCF-PLL can achieve the rapid and stable estimation of the state of the variable frequency power grid when there are disturbances such as large or small frequency jumps, harmonics and slopes.
The multi-stage adding strategy on Kriging and applied to cavitation optimization of centrifugal impeller
Authors: CHEN Xuan , LI Jia , LI Bin , ZOU Xueqi , CAI Feichao
Published: October 2024

In order to realize the intelligent optimization design of cavitation performance of fuel centrifugal pump, a multi-stage active learning adding strategy based on Kriging is proposed. The focus is to establish the three-stage adding strategy by using MSE, EI and CV, and clarify the switching criteria for each stage. Based on the test functions such as one-dimensional function and multi-dimensional function, it is compared with the single-stage adding strategy to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Furthermore, for a certain type of fuel centrifugal pump, the optimization application of the proposed strategy in its cavitation characteristics is completed. The result of the test function calculation shows that the proposed strategy takes slightly longer to achieve the same accuracy than MSE, which is better than EI and CV. However, compared with MSE, the local accuracy of the global optimal solution is higher. The result of centrifugal pump case shows that the pressure loss at the inlet of the optimized pump decreases, the local flow such as return flow and vortex at the inlet is weakened, the pressure gradient and the vortex flow in the volute weakens. Moreover, the cavitation coefficient of the optimized pump is increased by 30.83%, the NPSH allowance is reduced by 9.14%, the cavitation ratio is reduced by 7.17%, and the gas content in the pump is reduced by 17.27%. Thus, the proposed method improves the cavitation performance of the centrifugal pump effectively.
Study on the influence of outlet diameter on the out-field pressure action characteristics of pulse detonation cleaning device
Authors: WANG Bowen , ZHENG Longxi , CHENG Yue , WANG Chao , LI Qing , LU Jie
Published: October 2024

Pulse detonation cleaning technology is an efficient cleaning technology that is used inert shock waves generated by decoupling the detonation to remove ash and deposits. And it has great advantages in the field of furnace cleaning. In order to investigate the pressure distribution characteristics outside the detonation cleaning device and to explore the effect of the device outlet diameter on the pressure distribution characteristics, numerical simulations and experimental studies of pulse detonation cleaning device with using propane-air as the fuel has been carried out. The numerical simulation and experimental study on pulse detonation cleaning device by using propane-air as the fuel has been carried out. The results show that: as the propagation distance increases, there is a trend for the out-field arc shaped shock wave to transform into plane wave, and the applied pressure tends to be similar from the axis outward, and the time it acts on the ash accumulation surface also tends to be similar. When the external shock wave acts on the ash accumulation surface of the non-convective tube bundle, except for the positive reflection at the axial opposite position, which generates one pressure peak, the other positions mainly generate two pressure peaks due to oblique reflection. The ratio (diameter ratio) between the diameter of the tail outlet and the diameter of the detonation chamber is 1, the pressure peak of inert shock wave in the out-field is the largest. Increasing or decreasing the out diameter of the tail will weaken the action of the inert shock to different degrees. For diameter ratio smaller than 1, the pressure peak of the inert shock increases with increasing diameter ratio, while for diameter ratios larger than 1, decreases with increasing diameter ratio.
Research on AFDX network configuration testing technology
Authors: CHEN Fang , LYU Guangzhe , LIN Wei , HOU Xixi , MA Chunyan
Published: October 2024

The terminal system, as a key part of AFDX network data transmission, determines the communication performance of the entire AFDX network. In order to test the functionality of the verification end system and evaluate the transmission performance of the AFDX network, this article proposes an AFDX network configuration testing method. Firstly, the configuration testing specifications for the end system is designed, an overall framework for end system testing is established; the testing response mechanism of the end system is studied; the testing process is standardized; and generated configuration files are as input information for algorithm design in the following stage. Secondly, incentive data generation algorithms is designed, incentive data generation frameworks is established, the constraints for data transmission are formalized, and incentive data transmission schedules are generated using SMT solvers. Next, an AFDX network configuration testing tool is designed and implemented; the performance from the perspectives of operational stability and response time is evaluated to prove the effectiveness of the tool. Finally, the types and performance of the seven clock function modules in the overlay network configuration are tested, and the experimental results prove the effectiveness of the network configuration testing method.
Neuigkeiten auf dem Gebiet der HPV-assoziierten Oropharynxkarzinome und zu neoadjuvanten Therapieansätzen
Authors: Willen Christine
Published: October 2024

Anlässlich der 95. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie (DGHNO-KHC) in Essen standen der interdisziplinäre Austausch und die Vernetzung unter dem Motto „Crossing Borders“ im Fokus. Es wurde ein breites Spektrum an Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten zum Wissenstransfer beispielsweise zum Thema Kopf-Hals-Onkologie geboten. Dabei wurden unter anderem die neuesten Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der HPV-assoziierten Oropharynxkarzinome und neoadjuvante Therapieansätze vorgestellt.
Neue Erkenntnisse zu Datopotomab Deruxtecan
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: October 2024

Die in der Studie TROPION-Lung01 beobachtete Effektivität von Datopotomab Deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) beim vorbehandelten NSCLC wurde in der Phase-II-Studie ICARUS-Lung01 bestätigt. Zudem liefert die Phase-II-Studie Hinweise, welche Patienten besonders von dem Antikörper-Drug-Konjugat (ADC) profitieren.
Robotik-Ergebnisse beim frühen Endometriumkarzinom des Uterus
Authors: Klein Friederike
Published: October 2024

Die roboterassistierte (RA) Laparoskopie setzt sich auch beim Endometriumkarzinom des Uterus immer weiter durch. Allerdings gab es Hinweise aus Langzeitstudien, dass bei diesem Vorgehen das rezidivfreie und Langzeitüberleben schlechter sein könnte als bei der konventionellen Laparoskopie. Ein Beitrag zur dadurch entstandenen Diskussion kommt jetzt aus dem Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York.
Design, analysis, and optimization of PMSM for ultra-deep water pile hammer application
Authors: Tan Liping , Wang Yucong , Wang Teng , Li Changjiang , Miao Fenghua , Xiao Wensheng , Cui Junguo , Wang Hongyan
Published: October 2024

With the development of global deepwater oil and gas and offshore wind power resources, there is an increasing demand for ultra-deep water pile hammers (UDPH). In this paper, a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with oil fill is proposed for UDPH on the basis of underwater 2500 m depth and 450 kJ impact energy requirements. First, the rated parameters of the PMSM are calculated based on the power required by hydraulic pumps, and then, the method of combining empirical formulas and path algorithms is used to complete the electromagnetic scheme design. Second, finite element analysis of the electromagnetic field is carried out by Maxwell under both no-load and load conditions to verify the rationality of the PMSM. Furthermore, aiming at improving efficiency and reducing cogging, parameter optimization is carried out by a robust parameter optimization design method, and the optimal parameter scheme of the PMSM is obtained. In addition, loss analysis and temperature field coupling calculations of the optimized PMSM are conducted to verify that the temperature of this motor can meet the requirements under different working conditions. Finally, a comparative analysis is conducted between the proposed PMSM and the three-phase asynchronous motor used in the underwater 2,500 m-450 kJ UDPH. The results indicate that the new PMSM introduced in this paper demonstrates significant advantages in terms of weight, volume, and efficiency; moreover, the new PMSM is reasonable and more suitable for UDPH. Therefore, the PMSM proposed in this paper is reasonable and can provide a theoretical basis for improving the traditional UDPH.
The influence of small molecule adsorption on the spectral characteristics of B12N12 superatoms
Authors: Wang Jia , Wang Meiqi , Song Ming-Xing , Wang Bo , Qin Zhengkun
Published: October 2024

The luminescent spectra of boron–nitrogen (BN) superatoms under the influence of small molecule excitation remain unexplored, yet hold promising prospects for application in luminescent materials. This study employs density functional theory to investigate the absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of small molecules (pyrazine, pyridine, and benzene) adsorbed on B12N12 superatoms. The findings reveal the formation of stable chemisorption structures, namely pyrazine-B12N12 and pyridine-B12N12, while benzene forms a physisorption structure benzene-B12N12. Interestingly, the adsorbed benzene enhances the absorption spectrum intensity of B12N12, while pyrazine and pyridine adsorbed significantly amplify the emission spectrum intensity of B12N12. Moreover, this study discusses the impact of variation in the number of adsorbed small molecules on spectral characteristics. Results indicate that the absorption spectra intensity of 2pyrazine-B12N12, 2pyridine-B12N12, and 2benzene-B12N12 is relatively robust, with 2benzene-B12N12 exhibiting a stronger emission spectrum intensity compared to benzene-B12N12 and 4benzene-B12N12. These computational findings offer valuable insights for the exploration of luminescent materials and serve as theoretical reference for experimental investigations.
Monolithic top emitting room temperature THz DFG QCL with index grating for wavelength selection
Authors: Schmeiduch Hannes , Demmerle Frederic , Oberhausen Wolfhard
Published: October 2024

We present a high performance top emitting room temperature monolithic terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser based on difference frequency generation (DFG) and a buried modulated distributed feedback grating. Using a semi-insulating InP:Fe substrate combined with an index-coupled grating could minimize the internal losses for the THz mode. The laser consists of two separate transversely superimposed gratings. The first grating provides selective feedback for the mid-infrared pump modes and is realized in an index-coupled DFG grating designed for single-mode operation for two distinct MIR wavelengths. The second metallic grating for THz extraction is carefully aligned to the spatial distribution of the MIR modes. The resulting device lases pulses up to 150 °C in the single mode. The maximum THz output power at RT is 100 μW measured at 3.37 THz. A THz wavelength tuning of around 0.065 nm/K was achieved through thermal tuning of the MIR pump lasers.
Coarse-grained molecular dynamic model and wettability simulation of graphite materials
Authors: Nan Jingyang , He Xinbo , Qu Xuanhui , Guan Hongda
Published: October 2024

Although progress has been made in high-performance computing, there are still limitations on temporal and spatial scales of molecular dynamic calculations. A major issue in molecular dynamic (MD) simulations is the computational cost, and coarse-grained methods can save computational costs and accelerate calculations by reducing the degrees of freedom in the system. This method takes a selected group of representative atoms in the atomic microstructure as a bead and uses the proportional relationship of atomic scale atomic potentials in MD simulation to define the interaction between beads and solve the motion equation of beads. This article proposed a coarse-grained potential for graphite based on the modification of Airebo potential, with an n3: 1 mapping, and established a corresponding n3: 1 coarse-grained model, where one bead represents the number of n3 atoms. The results indicated that the coarse-grained model well reflected the basic thermal and mechanical properties of graphite. In addition, this article also proposed a coarsening method for the Lennard–Jones (L–J) potential function parameters and established a coarse-grained wetting model with n = 2. The results indicate that the coarse-grained wetting model can effectively predict the wetting performance of copper droplets on graphite in only 60% of the time using the all-atom model. The coarsening potential function and model proposed in this article are also applicable to graphite with rough surfaces. It can be anticipated that coarse-grained molecular dynamics methods will have more applications in the future, as they can handle large-scale calculations more quickly.
Rolling planning model for high proportion renewable energy generation power system considering frequency security constraints
Authors: Feng Peiru , Xu Jiayin , Gui Xu , Liu Hao , Jiang Guifen , Ma Yinghao , Rui Chunhui
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a rolling planning model for high proportion renewable energy generation power systems is proposed, considering frequency security constraints, to address the frequency stability challenges posed by increased integration of wind and solar energy into the power grid under the “double carbon” goal. First, this study establishes a frequency response model for a thermal generation unit (TGU) and analyzes the impact of the high proportion of renewable energy on system frequency stability. Subsequently, a dynamic frequency security constraint is formulated, which can be used in generation planning to address the frequency issues. Second, a bi-level rolling planning model for high proportion renewable energy generation power systems considering dynamic frequency security constraints is established. The upper level focuses on investment decisions. The lower level incorporates frequency security constraints into the operational simulation to guarantee the frequency stability of the power system when making decisions on the size of newly built TGUs annually. Finally, case studies are conducted to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed rolling planning model.
Advanced setup for in situ positron annihilation lifetime measurements under variable gas atmospheres and humidity: From cryogenic to high temperatures
Authors: Attallah Ahmed G. , Hirschmann Eric , Butterling Maik , Hartmann Andreas , Stach Daniel , Findeisen Stefan , Bon Volodymyr , Kaskel Stefan , Wagner Andreas
Published: October 2024

We present a newly developed instrument for 22Na-based positron-annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, designed to facilitate the simultaneous control of temperature, gas atmosphere, and humidity in a single experimental system. The spectrometer operates within a temperature range of 50–480 K and pressures from 10−6 mbar to 1.5 bars. It features a novel gas dosing chamber that allows in situ adsorption studies with gases such as but not limited to CO2, N2, Ar, O2, and their mixtures, with precise control over mixing ratios. Additionally, the device supports in situ humidity exposure, allowing for comprehensive studies of sample interactions with both humidity and humid gases. Fully automated, the system provides seamless data acquisition and environmental control, including pressure and temperature regulation. We demonstrate the instrument’s capability to elucidate alterations in the free volume of maltodextrin under humidity exposure. Additionally, we illustrate the instrument’s efficacy through case studies on CPO-27 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), highlighting its versatility in analyzing adsorption phenomena across diverse gas adsorbates and temperatures. This state-of-the-art spectrometer stands as an indispensable tool for probing the physicochemical attributes of materials under varying conditions, providing pivotal insights into gas adsorption mechanisms and material dynamics.
χ
(2)-induced artifact overwhelming the third-order signal in 2D Raman–THz spectroscopy of non-centrosymmetric materials
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Jabbar , Biggs Megan F. , Johnson Jeremy A. , Hamm Peter , Shalit Andrey
Published: October 2024

Through comprehensive data analysis, we demonstrate that a χ(2)-induced artifact, arising from imperfect balancing in the conventional electro-optic sampling detection scheme, contributes significantly to the measured signal in 2D Raman–THz spectroscopy of non-centrosymmetric materials. The artifact is a product of two 1D responses, overwhelming the desired 2D response. We confirm that by analyzing the 2D Raman–THz response of an x-cut beta barium borate crystal. We furthermore show that this artifact can be effectively suppressed by implementing a special detection scheme. We successfully isolate the desired third-order 2D Raman–THz response, revealing a distinct cross-peak feature, whose frequency position suggests the coupling between two crystal phonons.
Stability and cavitation of nanobubble: Insights from large-scale atomistic molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Man Viet Hoang , Li Mai Suan , Derreumaux Philippe , Nguyen Phuong H.
Published: October 2024

We perform large-scale atomistic simulations of a system containing 12 × 106 atoms, comprising an oxygen gas-filled bubble immersed in water, to understand the stability and cavitation induced by ultrasound. First, we propose a method to construct a bubble/water system. For a given bubble radius, the pressure inside the bubble is estimated using the Young–Laplace equation. Then, this pressure is used as a reference for a constant temperature, constant pressure simulation of an oxygen system, enabling us to extract a sphere of oxygen gas and place it into a cavity within an equilibrated water box. This ensures that the Young–Laplace equation is satisfied and the bubble is stable in water. Second, this stable bubble is used for ultrasound-induced cavitation simulations. We demonstrate that under weak ultrasound excitation, the bubble undergoes stable cavitation, revealing various fluid velocity patterns, including the first-order velocity field and microstreaming. These fluid patterns emerge around the bubble on a nanometer scale within a few nanoseconds, a phenomenon challenging to observe experimentally. With stronger ultrasound intensities, the bubble expands significantly and then collapses violently. The gas core of the collapsed bubble, measuring 3–4 nm, exhibits starfish shapes with temperatures around 1500 K and pressures around 6000 bar. The simulation results are compared with those from Rayleigh–Plesset equation modeling, showing good agreement. Our simulations provide insights into the stability and cavitation of nanosized bubbles.
A molecular-scale waterwheel removes carbon dioxide from the air
Authors: Fattaruso Laura
Published: October 2024

A chemical trick that harnesses energy from a humidity gradient could become another tool to mitigate climate change.
The promises and perils of a mid-career pivot
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: October 2024

Astrophysics to physical oceanography. String theory to machine learning. High energy theory to biophysics. Such leaps in research focus can be challenging—and rewarding.
Prioritising animals for Yirralka Ranger management and research collaborations in the Laynhapuy Indigenous Protected Area, northern Australia
Authors: Campbell Bridget , Russell Shaina , Brennan Gabrielle , Condon Bec , Gumana Yinimala , Morphy Frances , Ens Emilie
Published: October 2024

Context Amidst growing international calls for inclusive conservation and a backdrop of declining species and cultural diversity, Indigenous-led approaches that offer opportunities for biocultural benefits are of growing interest. Species prioritisation is one area that can be decolonised, shifting from quantitative, large-scale threatened species metrics to pluralistic, place-based approaches that include culturally significant species. Aim This study aimed to establish a list of priority animals of concern to Ŋaḻapaḻmi (senior knowledge holders) in the Laynhapuy Indigenous Protected Area, north-eastern Arnhem Land, Australia. This list could focus the research and management efforts of the Yirralka Rangers and collaborators. Methods Adhering to local governance structures, through six group-elicitation sessions, Ŋaḻapaḻmi were asked to identify animals of concern and describe reasons for concern. Existing occurrence records and threat status of these species were compiled to assess baseline data and guide next steps. Results The Ŋaḻapaḻmi-defined Laynhapuy Priority Animal List contained 30 animals (species/groups), with the highest-ranked animals including Marrtjinyami wäyin (walking animals), Rupu (possums), and Djanda (goannas), all mammals and varanid lizards. The list of 30 animals included 43 species from a Western-science perspective, of which 12 were also listed as threatened through Western conservation frameworks. Some animals were considered high priority locally, such as the waṉ’kurra (northern brown bandicoot, Isoodon macrourus), although not a concern from a Western-science perspective, demonstrating mismatch between local and larger-scale approaches. To help disentangle whether this mismatch is due to cultural significance and/or localised decline not captured at larger-scale assessments, we provide the animal’s publicly known Yolŋu clan connections and reasons for concern alongside existing baseline occurrence data. Recent collaborative surveys have substantially increased data for Laynhapuy Priority Animals, demonstrating the benefits of community engaged wildlife research. Conclusions Multidisciplinary research collaborations can produce Indigenous-led ‘working’ lists of priority animals to guide culturally attuned on-ground action. Approaches that draw on different cultural knowledge systems require interrogation of how knowledge is created and conveyed to ensure mutual comprehension and practical use. Implications Indigenous-led approaches offer possibilities for enhanced management of species by local groups, with anticipated co-benefits to species and cultural knowledge.
Nuclear envelope budding inhibition slows down progerin-induced aging process
Authors: Wang Xiangyang , Ma Lin , Lu Di , Zhao Gan , Ren He , Lin Qiaoyu , Jia Mingkang , Huang Fan , Wang Shan , Xu Zhe , Yang Zhou , Chu Yan , Xu Zigang , Li Wei , Yu Li , Jiang Qing , Zhang Chuanmao
Published: October 2024

Progerin causes Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), but how progerin accelerates aging is still an interesting question. Here, we provide evidence linking nuclear envelope (NE) budding and accelerated aging. Mechanistically, progerin disrupts nuclear lamina to induce NE budding in concert with lamin A/C, resulting in transport of chromatin into the cytoplasm where it is removed via autophagy, whereas emerin antagonizes this process. Primary cells from both HGPS patients and mouse models express progerin and display NE budding and chromatin loss, and ectopically expressing progerin in cells can mimic this process. More excitingly, we screen a NE budding inhibitor chaetocin by high-throughput screening, which can dramatically sequester progerin from the NE and prevent this NE budding through sustaining ERK1/2 activation. Chaetocin alleviates NE budding-induced chromatin loss and ameliorates HGPS defects in cells and mice and significantly extends lifespan of HGPS mice. Collectively, we propose that progerin-induced NE budding participates in the induction of progeria, highlight the roles of chaetocin and sustained ERK1/2 activation in anti-aging, and provide a distinct avenue for treating HGPS.
Membrane association and polar localization of the
Legionella pneumophila
T4SS DotO ATPase mediated by two nonredundant receptors
Authors: Vijayrajratnam Sukhithasri , Milek Sonja , Maggi Stefano , Ashen Kaleigh , Ferrell Micah , Hasanovic Ahmet , Holgerson Agnieszka , Kannaiah Shanmugapriya , Singh Manpreet , Ghosal Debnath , Jensen Grant J. , Vogel Joseph P.
Published: October 2024

The
Legionella pneumophila
Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system (T4BSS) is a large, multisubunit complex that exports a vast array of substrates into eukaryotic host cells. DotO, a distant homolog of the T4ASS ATPase VirB4, associates with the bacterial inner membrane despite lacking hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Employing a genetic approach, we found DotO’s membrane association is mediated by three inner-membrane Dot/Icm components, IcmT, and a combined DotJ–DotI complex (referred to as DotJI). Although deletion of
icmT
or
dotJI
individually does not affect DotO’s membrane association, the simultaneous inactivation of all three genes results in increased amounts of soluble DotO. Nevertheless, deleting each receptor separately profoundly affects positioning of DotO, disrupting its link with the Dot/Icm complex at the bacterial poles, rendering the receptors nonredundant. Furthermore, a collection of
dotO
point mutants that we isolated established that DotO’s N-terminal domain interacts with the membrane receptors and is involved in dimerization, whereas DotO’s C-terminal ATPase domain primarily contributes to the protein’s formation of oligomers. Modeling data revealed the complex interaction between DotO and its receptors is responsible for formation of DotO’s unique “hexamer of dimers” configuration, which is a defining characteristic of VirB4 family members.
Regression of postprandial cardiac hypertrophy in burmese pythons is mediated by FoxO1
Authors: Martin Thomas G. , Hunt Dakota R. , Langer Stephen J. , Tan Yuxiao , Ebmeier Christopher C. , Leinwand Leslie A.
Published: October 2024

As ambush-hunting predators that consume large prey after long intervals of fasting, Burmese pythons evolved with unique adaptations for modulating organ structure and function. Among these is cardiac hypertrophy that develops within three days following a meal (Andersen et al., 2005, Secor, 2008), which we previously showed was initiated by circulating growth factors (Riquelme et al., 2011). Postprandial cardiac hypertrophy in pythons also rapidly regresses with subsequent fasting (Secor, 2008); however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the dynamic cardiac remodeling in pythons during digestion are largely unknown. In this study, we employed a multiomics approach coupled with targeted molecular analyses to examine remodeling of the python ventricular transcriptome and proteome throughout digestion. We found that forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) signaling was suppressed prior to hypertrophy development and then activated during regression, which coincided with decreased and then increased expression, respectively, of FoxO1 transcriptional targets involved in proteolysis. To define the molecular mechanistic role of FoxO1 in hypertrophy regression, we used cultured mammalian cardiomyocytes treated with postfed python plasma. Hypertrophy regression both in pythons and in vitro coincided with activation of FoxO1-dependent autophagy; however, the introduction of a FoxO1-specific inhibitor prevented both regression of cell size and autophagy activation. Finally, to determine whether FoxO1 activation could induce regression, we generated an adenovirus expressing a constitutively active FoxO1. FoxO1 activation was sufficient to prevent and reverse postfed plasma-induced hypertrophy, which was partially prevented by autophagy inhibition. Our results indicate that modulation of FoxO1 activity contributes to the dynamic ventricular remodeling in postprandial Burmese pythons.