bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perikanan Tuna dalam Efisiensi: Antara Teknis dan Manusia
Authors: Efani Anthon , Manzilati Asfi , Tiarantika Reny
Published: February 2024

Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang memiliki komoditas unggulan dalam sektor perikanan tangkap. Salah satu sektor perikanan tangkap Indonesia yang menjanjikan adalah jenis ikan pelagis besar yaitu ikan tuna, cakalang dan tongkol. Namun, saat ini ikan tuna merupakan salah satu hasil produksi perikanan terbesar di Indonesia karena sumber daya ikan tuna hampir tersebar di seluruh perairan Indonesia. Potensi sumber daya dan produksi ikan tersebut dapat membantu meningkatkan status perekonomian Indonesia. Pada peningkatannya, pengelolaan komoditas ikan tuna membutuhkan konsep efisiensi yang baik antara teknis dan manusianya. Namun, faktanya masih saja terdapat permasalahan-permasalahan yang masih belum terselesaikan seperti overfishing dan overcapacity. Efisiensi teknis pada usaha penangkapan ikan berupaya untuk menghasilkan hasil semaksimal mungkin dari input tertentu yang bergantung pada teknologi produksi, tingkat sumber daya, kondisi cuaca, dan kendala teknologi lainnya. Efisiensi teknis itu sendiri didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan maksimum untuk berproduksi dengan menggunakan input tertentu atau menggunakan tingkat input minimum untuk mencapai hasil tertentu. Artinya, efisiensi teknis lebih menekankan pada upaya meminimalkan penggunaan input untuk mencapai output yang maksimal. Penjelasan yang ada menunjukkan bahwa salah satu permasalah yang menjadi tantangan perikanan tuna adalah perikanan tuna yang kurang efisien dari segi teknis dan manusianya. Oleh karena itu, buku ini disusun sebagai bahan referensi guna memperdalam kajian tentang perikanan tuna dalam efisiensi antara teknis dan manusia.
Teknologi Remote Sensing dalam Menjawab Kebutuhan Perencanaan
Authors: Hasyim Abdul Wahid , Pamungkas Yan Akhbar
Published: February 2024

Ilmu perencanaan dalam hakikatnya merupakan bidang ilmu yang memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan proses pembangunan, salah satunya melalui penggunaan informasi spasial dalam menunjang kebutuhan perencanaan. Teknologi penginderaan jauh atau remote sensing merupakan salah satu bidang ilmu yang mampu menjawab kebutuhan informasi spasial dalam konteks perencanaan wilayah dan kota. Ketersediaan informasi spasial yang diperoleh dari satelit pengamat bumi yang bersifat konsisten dengan jangkauan global mampu menjadi bukti ilmiah sebagai elemen penting bagi para perencana dalam memahami lingkup wilayah perencanaannya. Buku ini memberikan informasi kepada para perencana, peneliti maupun kalangan masyarakat yang terlibat dalam penggunaan informasi spasial melalui satelit pengamat bumi dalam mendukung perencanaan wilayah dan kota. Pembahasan dalam buku ini meliputi konsep dasar, sumber data hingga penerapannya dalam konteks perencanaan untuk penginderaan jauh dari satelit pengamat bumi dengan sensor pasif (optik), aktif (microwave), maupun sensor gravimetri. Setiap sensor memiliki prinsip dan penerapan tersendiri sebagai bukti ilmiah secara spasial untuk menunjang proses perencanaan. Oleh karena itu, perkembangan teknologi yang diiringi dengan meningkatnya kompleksitas kebutuhan informasi spasial dalam memecahkan permasalahan dalam konteks perencanaan wilayah dapat dipenuhi melalui pemanfaatan teknologi penginderaan jauh. Muatan yang dibahas dalam buku ini dapat digunakan bagi para perencana untuk melakukan analisis perencanaan lebih lanjut, khususnya untuk membahas suatu fenomena jangka panjang dengan ruang lingkup wilayah tertentu secara administratif maupun geografis. Buku ini juga memberikan manfaat bagi pihak instansi pemerintah beserta masyarakat dalam menumbuhkan kesadaran terkait potensi penggunaan teknologi penginderaan jauh terhadap implikasinya dalam solusi penyelesaian permasalahan yang ada, khususnya dalam aspek perencanaan wilayah.
Pajak Bidang Usaha Tertentu
Authors: Rokhimakhumullah Dewi Noor Fatikhah , Firmansyah Aji Widya , Suryani Yesika , Mahendra Irfan Isa , Hanafiyah Ayun , Chindyana Windy
Published: February 2024

Buku Pajak Bidang Usaha Tertentu ini hadir untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengajaran dalam bidang perpajakan. Buku ini ditulis dengan motivasi kelangkaan referensi pembelajaran pajak pada bidang usaha tertentu. Terlebih lagi, buku ini memiliki keistimewaan telah mengakomodir peraturan terbaru terkait pajak-pajak pada bidang usaha tertentu. Kedua, buku ini tidak hanya memberikan penjelasan konseptual, tetapi juga contoh perhitngan untuk membantu pembaca memahami bagaimana pengenaan pajak pada bidang usaha tertentu.
O desenho do possível: teoria e prática em habitação social a partir do campo
Authors: Borges Amadja Henrique , Medeiros Cecília Marilaine Rego de
Published: February 2024

Este trabajo presenta la contrucción dialógica del método El Diseño de lo Posible, del Grupo de Estúdio sobre Reforma Agrária y Hábitat (GERAH/UFRN), desde 1994, cuando inicia la coolaboración con el Movimiento de Los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierras (MST) y el órgano responsable por el desarrollo de asentamientos, el Instituto Nacional de Colonización y Reforma Agraria (INCRA). Revela posibilidades de Vivienda Social en el Campo, teniendo como hilo conductor los conceptos defendidos por los pensadores Henri Lefebvre y Paulo Freire. Reestructurado a partir de la tesis sobre el hábitat del MST (BORGES, 2002), sigue sus producciones teóricas y empíricas, como el seguimiento de esfuerzos conjuntos, en nuevas construcciones o en situaciones de riesgo. Actualmente, incorpora a sus estudios el espacio más allá de la dicotomía rural-urbana.
Apossínclise: do uso à exaustão diacrônica
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Soares de
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho objetiva conceituar o que se denomina de “exaustão diacrônica” a partir do abandono (ou diminuição de uso) das construções interpoladas e dos “níveis de permeabilidade da mudança”, a fim de ponderar que a modificação do registro escrito de uma construção sintática, quando ocorre, é um resultado da estabilidade e da uniformidade  de fenômenos que já haviam sido abandonados na oralidade e que, se atinge o nível sintático, está-se diante de uma mudança profunda e sistemática. Para tanto, adota-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, já que fontes especializadas podem auxiliar na construção do arcabouço teórico necessário ao cumprimento do objetivo traçado. Por fim, conclui-se que o progressivo processo de apagamento de uso da apossínclise, após intermitências e/ou rarefações, deve-se a um processo de exaustão diacrônica que atravessa os níveis de permeabilidade da língua em relação à mudança, tudo em busca de maior clareza e exatidão no emprego das sentenças.
Motivações para tocar na banda marcial escolar: uma análise das narrativas de seus ex-integrantes
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Lisboa da
Published: February 2024

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa de mestrado que buscou investigar as percepções e experiências de dez ex-integrantes de bandas marciais escolares de CIDADE – que não seguiram estudos superiores ou profissionalizantes nem carreira na área – a respeito de seus percursos de formação musical (XX, 20XX). Com o uso de entrevistas narrativas (FLICK, 2004; GIBBS, 2009; PENNA, 2021), esses sujeitos revelaram, dentre outros aspectos, suas significações subjetivas, relações e motivações com a música e a banda escolar. A análise das narrativas revelou que a decisão em tocar na banda marcial escolar pode estar relacionada a incentivos da família e de amigos, à oportunidade de assistir aos ensaios ou a uma apresentação na escola, à possibilidade de aprender um instrumento musical, apresentar-se e ser prestigiado pela comunidade.  Evidenciou ainda que a prática na banda escolar pode favorecer um encontro com o sentido de vida, ou seja, um projeto para dedicar-se mesmo que momentaneamente (AQUINO, 2013; FRANKL, 2022; MIGUEZ, 2014). Conclui-se que as bandas marciais escolares são ferramentas importantes para a iniciação musical e que fatores extrínsecos – incentivo de familiares e amigos, por exemplo – podem ser importantes para o ingresso de novos estudantes.
Som-Fôrma: Morton Feldman e uma trajetória do espaço gráfico
Authors: Farias Austeclínio Lopes de , Ferraz Silvio
Published: February 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar o uso da notação musical no período tardio do compositor Morton Feldman. De modo paradoxal, por meio de recursos típicos do plano gráfico - repetições, permutações, parametrizações, transcrições e serializações, o compositor articula como elemento resultante as qualidades inerentes dos materiais sonoros, sem necessariamente ter por matéria composicional aspectos da música espectral e da acusmática. Apoiando-se centralmente em DUFOURT (1997), o presente texto busca traçar uma resumida trajetória da influência do desenvolvimento notacional - sobretudo desde a Ars Nova - na música ocidental escrita, em especial para o paradigma serial, e como este, juntamente à obra de John Cage, cristalizaram o horizonte de problemas de Morton Feldman.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes for Individuals With Congenital Heart Disease: Updates in Neuroprotection, Risk-Stratification, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Sood Erica , Newburger Jane W. , Anixt Julia S. , Cassidy Adam R. , Jackson Jamie L. , Jonas Richard A. , Lisanti Amy J. , Lopez Keila N. , Peyvandi Shabnam , Marino Bradley S. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young and the Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing
Published: February 2024

Over the past decade, new research has advanced scientific knowledge of neurodevelopmental trajectories, factors that increase neurodevelopmental risk, and neuroprotective strategies for individuals with congenital heart disease. In addition, best practices for evaluation and management of developmental delays and disorders in this high-risk patient population have been formulated based on literature review and expert consensus. This American Heart Association scientific statement serves as an update to the 2012 statement on the evaluation and management of neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital heart disease. It includes revised risk categories for developmental delay or disorder and an updated list of factors that increase neurodevelopmental risk in individuals with congenital heart disease according to current evidence, including genetic predisposition, fetal and perinatal factors, surgical and perioperative factors, socioeconomic disadvantage, and parental psychological distress. It also includes an updated algorithm for referral, evaluation, and management of individuals at high risk. Risk stratification of individuals with congenital heart disease with the updated categories and risk factors will identify a large and growing population of survivors at high risk for developmental delay or disorder and associated impacts across the life span. Critical next steps must include efforts to prevent and mitigate developmental delays and disorders. The goal of this scientific statement is to inform health care professionals caring for patients with congenital heart disease and other key stakeholders about the current state of knowledge of neurodevelopmental outcomes for individuals with congenital heart disease and best practices for neuroprotection, risk stratification, evaluation, and management.
Im/migrant Well-Being Part II: Race, Ethnicity, and Legal Challenges to Incorporation and Well-Being
Authors: Vaquera Elizabeth , Rachko Thomas J.
Published: February 2024

In this introduction to the second issue of a two-part series on Im/migrant Well-being, we discuss examples of how race, ethnicity, and a patchwork of current and proposed state and federal laws contribute to the exclusion of and discrimination of immigrants, hindering their incorporation and having harmful effects on their well-being. Articles discussed in this introduction zoom in into these issues by analyzing in detail how the well-being of immigrants in the United States is threatened by current U.S. immigration laws and policies: from the racial construction of the invasive “100-mile border enforcement zone” to the precarious legal statuses of unaccompanied migrant children, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals recipients, and farmworkers. Together, these empirical studies produce robust evidence demonstrating how the racialization and liminal legality of im/migrant communities in the United States adversely affect their belonging, incorporation, and overall well-being. In line with the findings from these articles, and in the absence of federal action on immigration reform in the horizon, the opening commentary following this introduction highlights how immigrant communities and scholars have the power to perform critical acts of brokerage to prevent harm and promote collective well-being by sharing resources and produce collaborative research that contributes toward evidence-informed policymaking.
Evaluation of a school intervention to improve adherence to the Mediterranean Diet
Authors: Michael Katerina , Talias Michael A
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the effects of a nutrition education programme conducted during health education lessons on students’ adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and their body mass index (BMI).

Design:

Quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test research design: two study conditions (intervention and control groups).

Setting:

Two urban schools, the 11th and 21st primary schools in Limassol, Cyprus.

Method:

Two hundred and thirty-five fifth- and sixth-grade students participated in the programme. One hundred and fifteen were in the intervention group school (the 11th primary school), and 120 were in the control group school (the 21st primary school). Students in the intervention school participated in nine 80-minute lessons during the health education class. The curriculum focused on the MD and included cooking activities, food tasting and parental involvement. The primary outcomes were subsequent adherence to the MD, nutritional knowledge, self-efficacy physical activity and BMI.

Results:

Following the implementation of the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant increase in nutritional knowledge, self-efficacy and adherence to the MD ( p < .001). The intervention group also had significantly higher nutritional knowledge and MD Quality Index scores than the control group ( p < .001). However, no effect was observed on children’s BMI ( p > .05).

Conclusion:

The intervention successfully improved children’s dietary habits in the intervention group by increasing adherence to the MD, but it did not affect their BMI. The results show some promise for addressing poor nutrition through education.
External coercion and public support: The case of the US–China trade war
Authors: Yue Jiahua
Published: February 2024

Domestic support is crucial for state leaders facing international challenges. Previous studies suggest that in both democracies and autocracies, citizens tend to support their government in resisting external coercion, and state leaders would pay high political costs for backing down, especially after they have publicly committed to standing firm. But it is also frequently assumed that the public would grow weary of international conflict and turn to peaceful settlement. Empirical research on how and why this presumed shift in public opinion would take place remains relatively scarce. This article tackles this issue by examining the dynamics of Chinese public opinion during the US–China trade war in 2018. With a two-wave survey of Chinese citizens, I explore how the government’s strategy affected public approval through two causal mechanisms: the state’s reputation for resolve and economic impact. I find that respondents’ support for standing firm was strengthened by gains in reputation for resolve but attenuated by anticipated economic losses. I also find that respondents were more sensitive to the anticipated economic losses of a prolonged trade war over time and that respondents’ preferences were constantly conditional on their pre-existing anti-American sentiment. These findings illuminate the nuanced considerations of an authoritarian audience whose calculations extend beyond sheer nationalist beliefs and dynamically respond to changing circumstances.
Multiple exposures to low-dose ionizing radiation induced the initiation and progression of pro-atherosclerotic phenotypes in mice and vascular endothelial cell damage
Authors: Liu Meng-Meng , Ding Chun-Yan , Li Zhi-Hui , Yi Ru-Han , Ma Li-Ping , Ou Xiang-Ming , Liu Hai-Xiang , Gao Ling , Liu Qing-Jie
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose radiation on the abdominal aorta of mice and vascular endothelial cells.

Methods

Wild-type and tumor-bearing mice were exposed to 15 sessions of low-dose irradiation, resulting in cumulative radiation doses of 187.5, 375, and 750 mGy. The effect on the cardiovascular system was assessed. Immunohistochemistry analyzed protein expressions of PAPP-A, CD62, P65, and COX-2 in the abdominal aorta. Microarray technology, Gene Ontology analysis, and pathway enrichment analysis evaluated gene expression changes in endothelial cells exposed to 375 mGy X-ray. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. Immunofluorescence staining measured γ-H2AX levels, and real-time polymerase chain reaction quantified mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), ICAM-1, and Cx43.

Results

Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed thickening of the inner membranes and irregular arrangement of smooth muscle cells in the media membrane at 375 and 750 mGy. Inflammation was observed in the inner membranes at 750 mGy, with a clear inflammatory response in the hearts of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemistry indicated increased levels of PAPP-A, P65, and COX-2 post-irradiation. Microarray analysis showed 425 up-regulated and 235 down-regulated genes, associated with processes like endothelial cell-cell adhesion, IL-6, and NF-κB signaling. Cell Counting Kit 8 assay results indicated inhibited viability at 750 mGy in EA.hy926 cells. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in γ-H2AX foci. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR results showed increased expression of IL6, ICAM-1, and Cx43 in EA.hy926 cells post 750 mGy X-ray exposure.

Conclusion

Repeated low-dose ionizing radiation exposures triggered the development of pro-atherosclerotic phenotypes in mice and damage to vascular endothelial cells.
Longitudinal Relationships Between Financial Stress, Career Related Optimism, and Psychological Distress During Emerging Adulthood in Australia
Authors: Wake Alexandra , O’Donnell Alexander W.
Published: February 2024

The current study examined financial stress, career-related optimism, and psychological distress from the age of 19 (2013; n = 5,787), until the age of 25 (2019; n = 2,933) using the Longitudinal Surveys of Australia Youth (2009 cohort). Longitudinal mediation using latent growth curve modeling observed trajectories of change across young adulthood, whereby financial stress and career-related optimism decreased, while psychological distress increased across time. The inclusion of regression parameters in the analyses indicated that participants with shallower reductions in financial stress reported steeper increases in distress, and this effect was mediated by shifting career-related optimism. With ongoing financial pressures around the world disproportionately impacting young people, our work further illustrates how these stressors can shape the life course via shifts in vocational optimism and subsequent mental health. Moving forward, policies and timely clinical interventions should be implemented to assist young adults in navigating this pivotal developmental period.
Thermal, mechanical, electrical properties of poystyrene/poly (styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Şen Sinan , Cengiz Melek Irmak , Tekay Emre
Published: February 2024

In this study, high impact polystyrene (HIPS) materials was prepared by using a styrenic elastomer (10, 20, 30 wt%) and carbon nanotube (CNT) (3, 5, 7, 10 phr) by melt blending technique as alternative to commercial HIPS including polybutadiene rubber. The poly (styrene- b-isobutylene- b-styrene) (SIBS) was used as thermoplastic elastomer with polystyrene (PS) to improve its poor impact resistance and CNT was added to PS/SIBS blend matrix to maintain its strength and stiffness. The modulus, tensile strength and toughness values of the blends decreased while those of impact resistance increased in comparison to neat PS. The impact strength of PS20SIBS blend containing 20 wt% SIBS was found to be approximately 530% higher than pure PS. The nanocomposites of the PS20SIBS exhibited a decrease in the size of SIBS particles with increasing CNT compared to PS20SIBS. This was ascribed to the increased viscosity of PS matrix via CNT filler, preventing the coalescence of the elastomer domains. Compared to the PS20SIS, its nanocomposites showed higher strength, modulus and toughness, but lower impact strength. The toughness of the nanocomposite containing 5 phr CNT (PS20SIBS-5CNT), increased by 117% while its creep deformation decreased by approximately 40%, in comparison with PS20SIBS blend. Although PS20SIBS-5CNT exhibited lower impact strength than the PS20SIBS blend due to the dispersion of smaller SIBS particles in the PS matrix, it still increased the impact strength of pure PS by 188%. The PS20SIBS-5CNT nanocomposite, which improved impact strength and creep resistance with optimal toughness and tensile modulus can be used as a novel HIPS material that tunes the hardness-toughness/impact balance effectively. Moreover, the same nanocomposite was found to reach the conductivity threshold by exhibiting 106 times lower electrical resistance in comparison with that containing 3 phr CNT, leading to a conductive filer network with 5 phr loading of the nanotubes into the system.
The effect of psychedelics on the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shafiee Arman , Arabzadeh Bahri Razman , Rafiei Mohammad Ali , Esmaeilpur Abianeh Fatemeh , Razmara Parsa , Jafarabady Kyana , Amini Mohammad Javad
Published: February 2024

Background:

Recent interest in the potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics has led to investigations into their influence on molecular signaling pathways within the brain.

Aims:

Integrated review and analysis of different studies in this field.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted across international databases including Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from inception to 9 July 2023. Eligibility criteria encompassed published and peer-reviewed studies evaluating changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels after psychedelic consumption.

Outcomes:

A total of nine studies were included in our study. The meta-analysis demonstrated significantly higher BDNF levels in psychedelic consumers compared to healthy controls, with a pooled standardized mean difference of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.10–0.42, I2 = 38.51%, p < 0.001). Leave-one-out analysis indicated robustness in results upon removal of individual psychedelics. No significant publication bias was observed. The results highlight the potential influence of psychedelics on neuroplasticity by altering BDNF levels.

Conclusions:

More precisely, the documented rise in BDNF levels indicates a neurobiological mechanism by which psychedelics could enhance synaptic plasticity and foster the growth of neurons. Given the limited data available on this topic, the conclusions remain uncertain. Consequently, we highly recommend additional research with more extensive sample sizes to yield more reliable evidence in this field.
Towards a trans-inclusive critical international political economy? Or why trans oppression matters for understanding capitalism and social reproduction
Authors: Gore Ellie
Published: February 2024

Recent scholarship within queer international political economy (IPE) has highlighted the intimate links between sexuality and capitalism, as well as the insights offered by queer approaches to the study of the global economy. This article critically advances this literature by examining the political economic foundations and facets of trans oppression. Against the backdrop of an (anti-) ‘trans culture war’ in the United Kingdom, gender-critical and other transexclusionary feminist discourse has sought to cleave trans people from class struggle and to portray trans activism as separate from, and in conflict with, the goals of the feminist movement. This discourse, I contend, is indicative of a broader lack of understanding about the ways in which trans oppression links to other forms of gender oppression under capitalism. The article argues that feminist IPE, and specifically social reproduction approaches, offer a powerful toolbox with which to illuminate the material bases of gendered, racialised and sexualised inequalities within the global economy, including those experienced by trans people, and to uncover their co-constitutive character. However, theorising trans oppression in/through feminist IPE will require scholars to engage more deeply with queer and trans theorising, specifically accounts of heteronormativity and the body, and to relinquish the cis-normative attachments that shape some accounts of gender, capitalism and social reproduction, notably within the Marxist feminist tradition.
Differences in Clinical Outcomes Between Patients With Retear After Supraspinatus Tendon Repair and Those With Intact Repair at 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Yau W.P.
Published: February 2024

Background:

It is well known that rotator cuff repair is associated with an overall retear rate of 21% to 26%. However, a cuff retear may not necessarily be associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Hypothesis:

There would be no difference in clinical outcomes between patients with a cuff retear and those with an intact repair at a midterm follow-up of 5 years.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted involving patients who received arthroscopic complete repair of the supraspinatus tendon between January 2009 and December 2017. Patients who did not have a postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan or who had a follow-up of <5 years were excluded. Clinical outcomes, including the visual analog scale (VAS) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and active forward flexion (FF) of the involved shoulder were assessed at the 2-year and 5-year follow-up points.

Results:

The study group included 105 patients with a mean follow-up of 85 months. MRI scans were performed at a mean of 20 months. Fourteen full-thickness cuff retears and 91 intact repairs were identified using postoperative MRI scans. Significant improvement in VAS score, ASES score, and FF were found between the preoperative assessment and the 2 designated follow-up points (2 years and 5 years) in both the cuff retear and the intact repair groups ( P < .001). The VAS and ASES scores at the 2-year follow-up for the intact repair group were 1.8 ± 2.0 and 80.7 ± 18.1, respectively. The corresponding values for the retear group were 2.3 ± 2.2 and 71.9 ± 19.5, respectively. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups in the VAS and ASES scores at the 2-year follow-up. However, patients with an intact repair had a better VAS score (1.4 ± 1.8; P = .049) and ASES score (81.7 ± 17; P = .019) than those with a cuff retear at the 5-year assessment (3.0 ± 2.8 and 67.1 ± 22.9, respectively). In the intact repair group, 91% of patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference for the 5-year VAS score, compared with 54% in the cuff retear group ( P < .001). The corresponding values for the 5-year ASES score were 80% and 54%, respectively ( P = .044). FF measurements at the 5-year follow-up in patients with intact repair and those with a cuff retear were 161°± 23° and 144°± 37°, respectively ( P = .059). Continuous improvement in VAS score and FF between the 2-year and 5-year follow-up was observed in the intact repair group ( P = .005 and P = .04, respectively).

Conclusion:

The patients with an intact repair had better VAS and ASES scores compared with those who had a cuff retear at a midterm follow-up of 5 years. Between the 2-year and the 5-year follow-up, some further improvement was observed in the VAS score and FF in the intact repair group.
Unions, technology and social class inequalities in the US, 1984–2019
Authors: Minardi Saverio
Published: February 2024

Earnings inequality in the US has risen in recent decades, with social class inequalities being a central component of this trend. While technological change and de-unionisation are considered key contributors to increased earnings dispersion, their specific influence on inequalities between employees’ social classes has received limited attention. This study theoretically and empirically investigates the relationship between technological change, de-unionisation and the earnings trajectories of occupational classes from 1984 to 2019. The empirical analysis uses industry-level time-series cross-section data and industry-level measures of union density, computer investments and class earnings. Descriptive analyses show earnings growth for non-manual classes and stagnant or declining earnings for manual ones. Results provide limited evidence that computerisation affected classes differently in the industries where introduced. In contrast, industry-level de-unionisation reinforced class inequalities in two ways. First, unionisation exhibited a stronger association with lower-class earnings. Second, manual workers were more prevalent in industries that experienced substantial declines in union density.
A Universal Cognitive Bias in Word Order: Evidence From Speakers Whose Language Goes Against It
Authors: Martin Alexander , Adger David , Abels Klaus , Kanampiu Patrick , Culbertson Jennifer
Published: February 2024

There is a long-standing debate in cognitive science surrounding the source of commonalities among languages of the world. Indeed, there are many potential explanations for such commonalities—accidents of history, common processes of language change, memory limitations, constraints on linguistic representations, and so on. Recent research has used psycholinguistic experiments to provide empirical evidence linking common linguistic patterns to specific features of human cognition, but these experiments tend to use English speakers, who in many cases have direct experience with the common patterns of interest. Here we highlight the importance of testing populations whose languages go against cross-linguistic trends. We investigate whether adult monolingual speakers of Kîîtharaka, which has an unusual way of ordering words, mirror the word-order preferences of English speakers. We find that they do, supporting the hypothesis that universal cognitive representations play a role in shaping word order.
The four “R”s: Strategies for tailoring science for religious publics and their prices
Authors: Taragin-Zeller Lea , Golan Oren , Tsfati Yariv , Mishol Shauli Nakhi , Rozenblum Yael , Baram-Tsabari Ayelet
Published: February 2024

A recent wave of studies has diversified science communication by emphasizing gender, race, and disability. In this article, we focus on the understudied lens of religion. Based on an analysis of ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) science journalism and its readership, we identify four main strategies for tailoring science, which we call the four “R”s—removing, reclaiming, remodeling, and rubricating science. By analyzing how science communication is produced by and for a particular religious group, we reveal the diverse ways a religious-sensitive science communication is shaped by community gatekeepers, while also exploring the ethical and epistemological tensions this tailoring entails.
Artists’ books as a qualitative research methodology in multidisciplinary contexts
Authors: Nash Richard ,   Co-principal investigator:, Clough Gary ,   Collaborators:, Beel Anna , Haslam Susannah , Knight Adam , Parmar Alkesh , Shon Kyung Hwa , Young Isabel
Published: February 2024

This practitioner piece outlines a novel method for practice-based research centred on the production of artists’ books. There is growing evidence for the benefits of artists publishing as an alternative route to disseminating academic research (see Bodman, ‘Towards a community of artists’ books’, 2019; Taylor, ‘The artist’s book as collaborative art practice’, 2017; Vieth, ‘The artist’s book challenges academic convention’, 2006). However, there is only limited research to help understand how the unique qualities of the artist’s book as a medium – and the processes and methods used in its creation – can be positioned to scaffold a process of mediating knowledge and hierarchies of practices. The insights from the study have significant benefits beyond art and design where they can be useful in STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) contexts, especially where this involves diverse multidisciplinary groups and specialist/non-specialist participants. The research focused on designing a practice-based method which positions the artist’s book edition as a visual verbatim facsimile.

The project’s initiating concept and conceptual anchor centred on the etymology of the prefix ‘re’. As a facsimile, each iterative edition revisits, reuses and reassembles, making visible the traces of individual interpretations and interventions as well as the technologies and materials deployed in the process of collaboration. As shown through the study, the method proposed offers an inclusive collaborative process where progressively more complex relationships are formed and synthesized through subsequent editions. A series of four iterative editions were developed through the study, each following a cyclical method involving three phases: (1) transcription and documentation; (2) constellation and translation; and (3) publication.
Challenges of participation in adult basic literacy: Practical implications for practitioners
Authors: Noreen Sidra , Iqbal Zafar
Published: February 2024

In Pakistan, adult literacy programs are offered to enable learners to function effectively to attain individual, family, and social sustainability, but these programs are continuously reporting low participation. This study aimed to explore the reasons behind low participation, employing a descriptive phenomenological design to examine the challenges experienced by adult learners, literacy teachers, and administrators. Forty-five participants (30 learners, 10 teachers, and 5 administrators) were selected by using a purposive sampling technique. Data were gathered through focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Numerous challenges were found, including less attractive, non-relevant literacy content, inappropriate presentation methods, lack of proper mechanisms for teachers' training, and learners' evaluation. Based on the evidence, practical implications were proposed, with a particular emphasis on adult learners and literacy teachers.
Contralesional Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Promotes Intact Corticospinal Tract Axonal Sprouting and Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
Authors: Chen Beike , Tan Qiang , Zhang Hongyan , Chu Weihua , Wen Huizhong , Tian Xuelong , Yang Yang , Li Weina , Li Wenyan , Chen Yujie , Feng Hua
Published: February 2024

Background

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (AtDCS), a neuromodulatory technique, has been applied to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients and was reported to promote functional improvement. We evaluated the effect of contralesional AtDCS on axonal sprouting of the intact corticospinal tract (CST) and the underlying mechanism in a TBI mouse model to provide more preclinical evidence for the use of AtDCS to treat TBI.

Methods

TBI was induced in mice by a contusion device. Then, the mice were subjected to contralesional AtDCS 5 days per week followed by a 2-day interval for 7 weeks. After AtDCS, motor function was evaluated by the irregular ladder walking, narrow beam walking, and open field tests. CST sprouting was assessed by anterograde and retrograde labeling of corticospinal neurons (CSNs), and the effect of AtDCS was further validated by pharmacogenetic inhibition of axonal sprouting using clozapine-N-oxide (CNO).

Results

TBI resulted in damage to the ipsilesional cortex, while the contralesional CST remained intact. AtDCS improved the skilled motor functions of the impaired hindlimb in TBI mice by promoting CST axon sprouting, specifically from the intact hemicord to the denervated hemicord. Furthermore, electrical stimulation of CSNs significantly increased the excitability of neurons and thus activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.

Conclusions

Contralesional AtDCS improved skilled motor following TBI, partly by promoting axonal sprouting through increased neuronal activity and thus activation of the mTOR pathway.
Lens to difficult history: Museums of Hansen’s disease in Malaysia, South Korea, and Taiwan
Authors: Wang Shu-yi , Kim Jaehyung
Published: February 2024

A recent revisit of the history of leprosy in East and Southeast Asia led to the establishment of museums of Hansen’s disease. Given that the history of leprosy has been a touchy subject due to its social stigma and complicated colonial past, these museums become spaces for the curious to comprehend memories of the forgotten past. In this article, we investigate contradictory purposes of reappraising the heritage value of the history of leprosy for present needs. Museum exhibitions in three colonial leprosaria in Malaysia, South Korea, and Taiwan are examined, specifically focusing on three areas of interpretation: the medical past in a post-colonial present, the difficult life of former patients, and the unsettled present. In contrast with the traditional museum as a place for the repository of glorious national identity, museums of Hansen’s disease offer diverse pathways to new museum culture created by activists, museum visitors, and officials.
Investigating the relationship between socio-demographic variables of parents, digital literacy and parental mediation practices in the digital age: Nigeria in focus
Authors: Adigwe Ifeanyi , Mason Jon , Gromik Nicolas
Published: February 2024

This study utilised a school-based survey with parent reports across 1,050 Nigerian parents to investigate the socio-demographic variables influencing parental media mediation and examine digital literacy as a mediator of demographic variables and parental mediation. The sample comprised 1,050 parents aged 25-65 who had children aged 13-18 years living with them. The participants were parents of children in the targeted schools in Lagos. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were applied to analyse the collected data to investigate the relationship among the demographic variables, parents' digital literacy, and parental mediation practices. It was revealed that the socio-demographic variables (the age and gender of parent and child, marital status and educational qualification) directly influenced parental mediation types. The indirect effect of the mediating variable offers further evidence that parents' digital literacy can enhance mediation strategies for parents in Nigerian families.
CEO’s Science and Engineering Background and Green Innovation: Evidence From China
Authors: Zeb Aurang , Ullah Irfan , Iqbal Amjad , Rahman Mohib Ur , Aziz Shahab
Published: February 2024

This study examines whether a CEO with a science and engineering background (CEOSEB hereafter) affects green innovation. Data of A-listed industrial firms registered on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges are analyzed from 2008 to 2018. Findings indicate that CEOSEB has a significant positive impact on green innovation. This research also tests the moderating effect of the firm’s resources, CEO compensation, and media coverage on the CEOSEB and green innovation nexus. Results show that the firm’s resources and media coverage are positive, whereas compensation negatively affects the CEOSEB and green innovation association. Finally, our results depict that the impact is more pronounced in state-owned firms than in private-owned enterprises. Results remain robust to a battery of econometric techniques. These findings offer novel insights into the clean and sustainable development literature from the perspective of the CEO’s educational background.
Immunophenotypic predictors of influenza vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Amarin Justin Z. , Dulek Daniel E. , Simmons Joshua , Hayek Haya , Chappell James D. , Nochowicz Cindy Hager , Kitko Carrie L. , Schuster Jennifer E. , Muñoz Flor M. , Bocchini Claire E. , Moulton Elizabeth A. , Coffin Susan E. , Freedman Jason L. , Ardura Monica I. , Wattier Rachel L. , Maron Gabriela , Grimley Michael , Paulsen Grant , Danziger-Isakov Lara , Carpenter Paul A. , Englund Janet A. , Halasa Natasha B. , Spieker Andrew J. , Kalams Spyros A.
Published: February 2024

Pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients exhibit poor serologic responses to influenza vaccination early after transplant. To facilitate the optimization of influenza vaccination timing, we sought to identify B- and T-cell subpopulations associated with influenza vaccine immunogenicity in this population. We used mass cytometry to phenotype peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from pediatric HCT recipients enrolled in a multicenter influenza vaccine trial comparing high- and standard-dose formulations over 3 influenza seasons (2016-2019). We fit linear regression models to estimate relationships between immune cell subpopulation numbers before vaccination and prevaccination to postvaccination geometric mean fold rises in antigen-specific (A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and B/Victoria) serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers (28-42 days, and ∼6 months after 2 doses). For cell subpopulations identified as predictive of a response to all 3 antigens, we conducted a sensitivity analysis including time after transplant as an additional covariate. Among 156 HCT recipients, we identified 33 distinct immune cell subpopulations; 7 significantly predicted responses to all 3 antigens 28 to 42 days after a 2-dose vaccine series, irrespective of vaccine dose. We also found evidence that baseline absolute numbers of naïve B cells, naïve CD4+ T cells, and circulating T follicular helper cells predicted peak and sustained vaccine-induced titers irrespective of dose or timing of posttransplant vaccine administration. In conclusion, several B- and T-cell subpopulations predicted influenza vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric HCT recipients. This study provides insights into the immune determinants of vaccine responses and may help guide the development of tailored vaccination strategies for this vulnerable population.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in de novo BCR::ABL1–positive BCP-ALL beyond kinase domain mutations
Authors: van Outersterp Inge , Boer Judith M. , van de Ven Cesca , Reichert Caitlin E. J. , Boeree Aurelie , Kruisinga Brian , de Groot-Kruseman Hester A. , Escherich Gabriele , Sijs-Szabo Aniko , Rijneveld Anita W. , den Boer Monique L.
Published: February 2024

A better understanding of ABL1 kinase domain mutation–independent causes of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance is needed for BCR::ABL1–positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Although TKIs have dramatically improved outcomes, a subset of patients still experiences relapsed or refractory disease. We aimed to identify potential biomarkers of intrinsic TKI resistance at diagnosis in samples from 32 pediatric and 19 adult patients with BCR::ABL1–positive BCP-ALL. Reduced ex vivo imatinib sensitivity was observed in cells derived from newly diagnosed patients who relapsed after combined TKI and chemotherapy treatment compared with cells derived from patients who remained in continuous complete remission. We observed that ex vivo imatinib resistance was inversely correlated with the amount of (phosphorylated) BCR::ABL1/ABL1 protein present in samples that were taken at diagnosis without prior TKI exposure. This suggests an intrinsic cause of TKI resistance that is independent of functional BCR::ABL1 signaling. Simultaneous deletions of IKZF1 and CDKN2A/B and/or PAX5 (IKZF1plus), as well as deletions of PAX5 alone, were related to ex vivo imatinib resistance. In addition, somatic lesions involving ZEB2, SETD2, SH2B3, and CRLF2 were associated with reduced ex vivo imatinib sensitivity. Our data suggest that the poor prognostic value of IKZF1(plus) deletions is linked to intrinsic mechanisms of TKI resistance other than ABL1 kinase domain mutations in newly diagnosed pediatric and adult BCR::ABL1–positive BCP-ALL.
Dyspnoea in acutely ill mechanically ventilated adult patients: an ERS/ESICM statement
Authors: Demoule Alexandre , Decavele Maxens , Antonelli Massimo , Camporota Luigi , Abroug Fekri , Adler Dan , Azoulay Elie , Basoglu Metin , Campbell Margaret , Grasselli Giacomo , Herridge Margaret , Johnson Miriam J. , Naccache Lionel , Navalesi Paolo , Pelosi Paolo , Schwartzstein Richard , Williams Clare , Windisch Wolfram , Heunks Leo , Similowski Thomas
Published: February 2024

This statement outlines a review of the literature and current practice concerning the prevalence, clinical significance, diagnosis and management of dyspnoea in critically ill, mechanically ventilated adult patients. It covers the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, short- and middle-term impact, detection and quantification, and prevention and treatment of dyspnoea. It represents a collaboration of the European Respiratory Society and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Dyspnoea ranks among the most distressing experiences that human beings can endure. Approximately 40% of patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) report dyspnoea, with an average intensity of 45 mm on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 mm. Although it shares many similarities with pain, dyspnoea can be far worse than pain in that it summons a primal fear response. As such, it merits universal and specific consideration. Dyspnoea must be identified, prevented and relieved in every patient. In the ICU, mechanically ventilated patients are at high risk of experiencing breathing difficulties because of their physiological status and, in some instances, because of mechanical ventilation itself. At the same time, mechanically ventilated patients have barriers to signalling their distress. Addressing this major clinical challenge mandates teaching and training, and involves ICU caregivers and patients. This is even more important because, as opposed to pain which has become a universal healthcare concern, very little attention has been paid to the identification and management of respiratory suffering in mechanically ventilated ICU patients.