bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Launching of a cochlear implant program at the Cracow Otolaryngology Clinic
Authors: Wiatr Maciej , Niemczyk Kazimierz , Składzień Jacek , Wiatr Agnieszka
Published: May 2019

Introduction: It is estimated that hearing impediment affects approximately 12% of the population. Some forms of hearing
disorders can be successfully treated conservatively, while in others surgery plays a key role. Often, therapeutic methods are
exhausted and the patient faces the decision about the need for acoustic organ prosthesis. Depending on the causes of anomalies,
apparatus for air conduction, bone conduction or cochlear implants are used. A cochlear implant replaces the damaged
sensory cells of the inner ear. It constitutes an electronic prosthesis of the acoustic organ, composed of two parts. The internal
part (implanted in the inner ear) consists of an implant and electrodes, which conduct electrical signals to the cochlea. The
external part consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and a transmitter.
Care report: A 70-year-old patient with deep hearing loss in the right ear and deafness of the left ear. During the interview, the
patient denied mechanical injuries of the head and neck, acoustic trauma, inflammation or otorrhea. Based on the conducted
tests, qualification otolaryngology, audiology, and otoneurology, radiology, surdologopedy and psychology were performed
for cochlear implant insertion. The patient was qualified for cochlear implantation in the left ear under general anesthesia.
The surgical team was composed of dr hab. Maciej Wiatr, prof. dr hab. Kazimierz Niemczyk, prof. dr hab. Jacek Składzień, MD
Agnieszka Wiatr with anesthetic monitoring under the supervision of MD Renata Witkowska. The patient was discharged
home on day 7 after surgery in good general and local condition. Simultaneous rehabilitation was started at the Center for Daily
Rehabilitation of Hearing and Speech at the Specialist Center of Diagnosis and Rehabilitation for Children and Adolescents
with Hearing Disabilities of the Polish Association of the Deaf in Cracow.
Meningioma mimicking vestibular schwannoma – a case report
Authors: Wojciechowski Tomasz , Drożdż Adrian , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: May 2019

Meningiomas are one of the most common intracranial neoplasms, usually located in the supratentorial region. Their location
within the posterior cranial fossa is rare, but even in such cases, the diagnosis is possible owing to the characteristic imaging
features. In this article, we present a case report of a patient with a meningioma of an internal acoustical meatus resembling
vestibulo-cochlear nerve schwannoma in its typical location, causing symptoms such as asymmetric hearing loss, tinnitus
and dizziness.
Rebuilding after Disaster
Authors: Brake Elizabeth ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: May 2019

Liberal egalitarians face unappreciated challenges in explaining why the state should assist citizens in disaster recovery and why the state should ever assist in rebuilding in high-risk areas. Addressing these challenges and justifying state-funded disaster recovery assistance requires invoking the most politically salient aspect of disasters: their tendency to increase social inequality. A liberal egalitarian principle of equal opportunity justifies assistance in recovery, at least for disadvantaged citizens. But further argument is required to show why the state should ever subsidize rebuilding as opposed to relocation, if citizens can have access to equally good opportunities in a low-risk area. I argue that displacement has costs which matter under equal opportunity – but this rationale for disaster recovery extends to other causes of displacement, such as gentrification.
The genus Jeekelosoma Mauriès, 1985 – Moroccan cave millipedes (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)
Authors: Enghoff Henrik , Reboleira Ana Sofia P.S.
Published: May 2019

Jeekelosoma Mauriès, 1985, is upgraded from subgenus status under Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910 to full genus status. The type species, Jeekelosoma abadi (Mauriès, 1985) is redescribed based on topotypical material from a cave in Morocco. Jeekelosoma heptarachne sp. nov. and J. viginti sp. nov. are described from two further Moroccan caves.
A “BANALIDADE DO MAL” NAS EMPRESAS: REVISITANDO HANNAH ARENDT
Authors: Siqueira Natercia Sampaio , Memória Caroline Viriato
Published: May 2019

Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica, levanta-se referencial teórico sobre assédio moral, e observa-se a predominância de associar o seu cometimento nas empresas a pessoas com perfil psíquico perverso. É este o dado que se pretende questionar, o que se faz a partir de conceitos talhados por Hannah Arendt, tais como a “banalidade do mal”, que ela se utiliza na obra “Eichmann em Jerusalém: um relato sobre a banalidade do mal”. Para Hannah Arendt, em nome de cumprir ordens, Otto Adolf Eichmann contribui para o funcionamento da máquina nazista. Dessa obra, é apropriada a ideia de ausência de pensamento e de ambição para identificar o assédio moral nas empresas, propondo-se o entendimento de que a personalidade do assediador não o caracteriza; antes, o assédio pode se manifestar numa cultura empresarial acrítica. Para chegar à referida conclusão, no primeiro tópico são analisados aspectos relacionados ao assédio moral nas empresas, e no segundo, trata-se do conceito da “banalidade do mal” para, ao final, argumentar em favor de sua aplicação para identificação do assédio moral no trabalho.
FOUCAULT, A CIDADE E O DISCURSO: O MÉTODO ARQUEOLÓGICO NA PESQUISA DO DISCURSO JURÍDICO SOBRE A CIDADE
Authors: Tavares Regina Lucia Gonçalves , Cruz Mônica Da Silva
Published: May 2019

A análise arqueológica dos discursos jurídicos sobre a cidade permite investigar em que medida os enunciados produzidos pelas instituições do sistema de justiça são influenciados por saberes que se inscrevem na temática urbanística, a ponto de afetarem a formulação dos enunciados judiciais. O método da análise arqueológica do discurso de Michel Foucault é então aqui mobilizado para efeito de se analisar pronunciamentos emitidos pelas instituições do sistema de justiça a fim de que se torne possível responder: como os saberes urbanísticos, tanto no campo histórico, quanto no campo normativo, são movimentados e assumem uma rota capaz de ser rastreada até ao ponto de ser possível revelar a quais formações discursivas se associam. Demarca-se o manejo do método arqueológico com base na análise dos pressupostos metodológicos buscados na arqueologia foucaultiana. Os resultados permitem aferir que o método arqueológico é perfeitamente aplicável na pesquisa sobre discursos jurídicos a ponto de esclarecer a conformação de saberes sobre a cidade.
Can the inferior vena cava collapsibility index be useful in predicting hypotension during spinal anaesthesia in a spontaneously breathing patient? A mini fluid challenge
Authors: Jaremko Inna , Mačiulienė Asta , Gelmanas Arūnas , Baranauskas Tautvydas , Tamošiūnas Ramūnas , Smailys Alfredas , Macas Andrius
Published: May 2019

The study was performed at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of the Kauno Klinikos Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Background. Intravascular fluids are empirically administered to prevent hypotension induced by spinal anaesthesia. Ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the IVC collapsibility index (IVC-CI) is a non-invasive method to evaluate the intravascular volume status. The aim of the study was to identify the prognostic value of the IVC collapsibility index in spontaneously breathing patients to predict severe intraoperative hypotension. Materials and methods. Sixty patients undergoing elective knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia were included in the prospective study. The diameters of IVCex, IVCin, and IVC-CI were measured before and 15 min after spinal anaesthesia when administration of 500 ml of normal saline using infusion pump was finished. The haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures, breathing rate) were collected. Results. Severe arterial hypotension was noticed in 18.3% of the patients. No statistically significant differences were detected between changes in IVCex, IVCin, and IVC-CI comparing hypotensive and non-hypotensive patients at the baseline and after the interventions (p > 0.005). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, IVC-CI is not effective in the prediction of severe hypotension during spinal anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing patients: the area under the ROC curve for IVC-CI was 0.05. Conclusions. IVC-CI is not an effective predictor of severe hypotension after induction of spinal anaesthesia followed by normal saline administration in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing elective knee arthroplasty. More trials, including different patient subgroups, will be needed.
Effectiveness of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in management of acute hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure
Authors: Norkienė Ieva , D’Espiney Raquel , Martin-Lazaro Juan F.
Published: May 2019

Background. High-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) therapy has been increasingly used in patients with acute hypoxemic (Type I) respiratory failure (RF). Meanwhile indications and clinical effectiveness of HFNOT in patients with hypercapnic (Type II) RF remain controversial. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of primary HFTNOT in patients with hypoxemic and hypercapnic RF. Material and Methods. We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP), who required HFNC oxygen therapy for hypoxemia. Primary end-point was intubation or escalation to NIV rate after HFNOT. The secondary endpoint was the 30-day mortality after an admission regardless of the cause. Results. Analysis was conducted on all 51 (n = 51) patients. Of these, 32 (63%) were diagnosed with Type I RF and 19 (37%) with Type II RF. The partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in Type I RF patients was 34.05 mmHg at admission and decreased to 33.07 mmHg after 1 hour of HFNOT. In patients with Type II RF PaCO2 decreased from 56.47 to 54.97 mmHg. In Type I RF successful outcome was achieved in 25 patients (78%) compared to 11 patients (58%) with Type II RF. Escalation was required in seven patients with Type I RF and eight patients in Type II group. There were no mortalities in our population group. Conclusions. Our data suggest that HFNOT can be effectively used in Type I and Type II RF. Clinicians should be cautious identifying patients at risk of escalation. A larger population group study is needed to identify predictors of HFNOT failure.
Public Opinion and Sensus Fidelium
Authors: Bavaresco Agemir
Published: May 2019

Public opinion and religious opinion are located within plural societies, connected to social networks. The experience of the phenomenon of public opinion by the believers interacts with the experience of religious opinions. What are the mediations employed by the sensus fidelium to explain the contradictions between public and religious opinion? This article discusses the proximity between public and religious opinions through the categories of publicity, contradiction, utility and truth. In networked societies, the faithful exercise the right to express their opinions and religious convictions. The phenomenon of the sensus fidelium immediately evidences the experience of faith of the believers as subjective convictions and religious opinions. Afterwards, these opinions are mediated by the collegiate spheres of the Church, expressing the coherence of the belief, that is, its truth. The proximity between public and religious opinions points to more complex scenarios for the Church and the believers.
No cabe la vida correcta en el mundo falso. Ética y política en Adorno
Authors: Prestifilippo Agustin Lucas
Published: May 2019

En este artículo analizamos la teoría crítica de la moral de Theodor Adorno. Para ello, estudiamos la revisión adorniana de los conceptos de la moral racional en dos pasos: primero, examinando las dificultades del conocimiento práctico situado en el contexto de las condiciones culturales del capitalismo tardío; luego, por medio de una indagación de estos obstáculos desde la perspectiva de la experiencia ética, esto es, desde el impulso de solidaridad que suscita el sufrimiento ajeno. Seguidamente, presentamos lo que Adorno denomina un límite ideológico de la moral para la reflexión y la práctica política orientada en un sentido emancipatorio.
Pero... ¿en qué año se licenció en Filosofía José Luis L. Aranguren?
Authors: Méndez Baiges Víctor
Published: May 2019

Fuentes autorizadas proporcionan las fechas 1936 y 1951 para la licenciatura y el doctorado en Filosofía de José Luis L. Aranguren (1909-1996). Sin embargo, ninguna de las dos es correcta. En este artículo se examina el expediente académico de Aranguren a fin de entender por qué esas fechas han ocupado el lugar de las que figuran en él: 1953 y 1954.
New insights into the mechanism of Schiff base synthesis from aromatic amines in the absence of acid catalyst or polar solvents
Authors: Silva Pedro J
Published: May 2019

Extensive computational studies of the imine synthesis from amines and aldehydes in water have shown that the large-scale structure of water is needed to afford appropriate charge delocalisation and enable sufficient transition state stabilisation. These insights cannot, however, be applied to the understanding of the reaction pathway in apolar solvents due their inability to form extensive hidrogen-bonding networks. In this work, we perform the first computational studies of this reaction in apolar conditions. This density-functional study of the reaction of benzaldehyde with four closely related aromatic amines (aniline, o-toluidine, m-toluidine and p-toluidine) shows that an additional molecule of amine may provide enough stabilization of the first transition state even in the absence of a hydrogen bonding network. Our computations also show that the second reaction step cannot take place unless an extra proton is added to the system but, crucially, that reaction rate is so high that even picomolar amounts of protonated base are enough to achieve realistic rates. Additional computations show that those minute amounts of protonated base may be obtained under reaction conditions without the addition of extraneous acid through the auto-protolysis of the amines themselves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a role for the auto-protolysis of anilines in their extensive reactional repertoire.
The microbiome profiling of fungivorous black tinder fungus beetleBolitophagus reticulatusreveals the insight into bacterial communities associated with larvae and adults
Authors: Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba Agnieszka , Wagner Grzegorz K. , Grzywnowicz Krzysztof , Kucharczyk Marek , Zielińska Sylwia
Published: May 2019

Saproxylic beetles play a crucial role in key processes occurring in forest ecosystems, and together with fungi contribute to the decomposition and mineralization of wood. Among this group are mycetophilic beetles which associate with wood-decaying fungi and use the fruiting body for nourishment and development. Therefore, their feeding strategy (especially in the case of fungivorous species) requires special digestive capabilities to take advantage of the nutritional value of fungal tissue. Although polypore-beetle associations have been investigated in numerous studies, detailed studies focusing on the microbiome associated with species feeding on fruiting bodies of polypores remain limited. Here we investigated the bacterial communities associated with larvae and adults ofBolitophagus reticulatuscollected fromFomes fomentariusgrowing on two different host tree: beech (Fagussp.) and birch (Betulasp.), respectively. Among 24 identified bacterial phyla, three were the most relatively abundant (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes). Moreover, we tried to find unique patterns of bacteria abundances which could be correlated with the long-term field observation showing that the fruiting bodies ofF. fomentarius,growing on birch are more inhabited by beetles than fruiting bodies of the same fungus species growing on beech. Biochemical analyses showed that the level of protease inhibitors and secondary metabolites inF. fomentariusis higher in healthy fruiting bodies than in the inhabited ones. However, tested microbiome samples primarily clustered by developmental stage ofB. reticulatusand host tree did not appear to impact the taxonomic distribution of the communities. This observation was supported by statistical analyses.
Herbicidas utilizados em milho no controle de soja voluntária
Authors: Castilho Theodoro José Gabriel , Mendes Pio de Oliveira Guilherme , Stephanny Tanaka dos Santos Éllen , Neves Paduan Fernanda , Pellozo Alberti Rubiane , Lofrano Luis Gustavo , Barros Osipe Jethro
Published: May 2019

A soja voluntária é um problema no cultivo do milho, interferindo em seu desenvolvimento e crescimento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de herbicidas utilizados na cultura do milho para o controle de plantas de soja voluntária em dois estádios fenológicos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 11, tendo como fatores dois estádios fenológicos e onze caldas de herbicidas, com quatro repetições. As caldas testadas foram compostas por: nicosulfuron (40 g ha-1 i.a.); tembotrione (75 g ha-1 i.a.); mesotrione (480 g ha-1 i.a.); atrazine (500 g ha-1 i.a.); 2,4-D (806 g ha-1 i.a.); dicamba (480 g ha-1 e.a.); glufosinato de amônio (200 g ha-1 i.a.); atrazine + tembotrione (500 + 75 g ha-1 i.a.); atrazine + mesotrione (500 + 480 g ha-1 i.a.); atrazine + nicosulfuron (500 + 40 g ha-1 i.a.), além da testemunha sem aplicação. Foram realizadas avaliações visuais aos 07, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após aplicação (DAA) para determinar o controle da soja voluntária. Os resultados indicam que em ambos estádios fenológicos, os herbicidas mesotrione, nicosulfuron, tembotrione e 2,4-D não apresentaram controle total da soja. Glufosinato de amônio, atrazine isolada ou associada ao mesotrione, nicosulfuron e tembotrione controlaram 100% as plantas de soja, a partir dos 7 DAA. Dicamba apresentou controle total, no estádio fenológico V1 e V3, a partir de 7 DAA e 14 DAA, respectivamente.
Effect of Different Organic Manure on Vegetative Growth, Flowering and Fruiting of Intercropped Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) Cv. Sweet Charley inside Banana Orchard
Authors: Pal Ashish Kumar , Mishra Saket , Singh Sandeep , Kumar Rahul , Vikram Balaji
Published: May 2019

Aims: Growing the organic strawberry fruit in tropical and subtropical region with the help of shade of banana plants.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad in the year 2017 to 2018.

Methodology: A field experiment was conducted with cv. sweet charley of strawberry. The observations were recorded on various vegetative growths, flowering and fruiting parameters. The mean data were subjected to the various statistical and biometrical analyses.

Results: Results show that there were major difference among treatments T3 Vermicompost (5 tonnes/ha) + Poultry manures (5 tonnes/ha) in plant height on 120 DAP (20 cm), number of leaves on 120 DAP (12.13), plant spread at 120 DAP (25.50 cm), days taken to first flower (60 days), number of flower plant-1 (14.37), days taken to first fruit (72 days), number of fruit plant-1 (7.40) fruit set % (52.12%), throughout the experiment time. obtain data show that banana plants have a major influence on the strawberry plant.

Conclusion: Considering the present investigation it is concluded that the treatment T3 -Vermicompost (5 tonnes/ha) + Poultry manures (5 tonnes/ha) was found the best in terms of maximum vegetative growth flowering and fruiting of strawberry in banana orchard.
Antennas for High‐Frequency Broadcasting
Authors: Wilensky Ronald , Sinclair Gordon G. , Greene Richard R.
Published: November 2024

This article describes the antennas, transmission lines, switching systems and baluns used in modern high‐frequency (HF) transmitting stations. Longrange broadcasting uses 10 bands from 5.9 to 26.1 MHz that are defined by internationally established‐ or radio regulations. Short‐range coverage normally uses four international bands from 2.3 to 4.9 MHz. Power levels are typically 50–500 kW. Propagation is via sky waves which are refracted in the ionosphere and return to Earth at a distance depending on the angle of incidence and the height of the reflecting layer. Under ideal conditions HF broadcasts can be received several thousand kilometers from the transmitting station.

The principal antenna types used for HF broadcasting are horizontally polarized log‐periodics and dipole arrays. Log‐periodic antennas have a greater frequency range, while dipole arrays are capable of handling more transmitter power. HF broadcast antennas are normally supported by large towers or guyed masts on a fixed bearing; dipole arrays are capable of being steered electrically up to 30° in the azimuthal plane. HF broadcast stations typically have a number of transmitters and antennas and may require complex feeder and swtiching systems. Modern transmitters typically have coaxial outputs, while the antennas have balanced inputs. Standard practice employs coaxial feeder to connect to a matrix of coaxial switches, followed by baluns and balanced feeder to reach the antennas.
HTS Film Growth
Authors: Char Kookrin , Matijasevic Vladimir
Published: November 2024

In the decade since the discovery of high‐temperature superconductivity (HTS) in cuprate compounds, thin‐film materials have played an important role in the evolution of this field. The discovery of HTS has led to a rapid development of many different thin film deposition techniques. HTS thin films are now routinely made in hundreds of laboratories around the world, and thin‐film research is actively pursued in areas such as new superconducting materials and epitaxial oxide heterostructures. More recently, advances in deposition processes have brought about the synthesis of larger‐area HTS films, making fabrication less expensive and allowing for high‐throughput manufacturing of single‐superconducting‐layer films.

In this article, we review the physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques most frequently used for HTS thin‐film synthesis.
Friis Free‐Space Transmission Formula
Authors: Levis Curt A.
Published: November 2024

The Friis transformation formula predicts the power available at the terminals of a receiving antenna due to the power applied to a transmitting antenna when the two are well separated. It is often given in logarithmic form, using decibels. It is assumed that the transmission occurs in free space, that the separation is sufficient to satisfy the far‐field criterion for antennas, and that the antennas are matched in polarization (i.e., the polarization of the receiving antenna is optimum for the polarization of the transmitted wave).

The formula, first published by Harald T. Eriis in 1946, is easily derivable from basic physical principles.
Heterostructures Devices
Authors: Ryzhii Victor
Published: November 2024

Heterostructures are the elements of many of the most advanced semiconductor devices currently being developed open and fabricated. They are essential parts of modern optoelectronic devices, such as semiconductor lasers, lightemitting diodes, and photodetectors with highest performance. Heterostructures are being employed increasingly in high‐speed digital and high‐frequency analog devices. The advantages of heterostructures are that they provide effective control over the states and motions of charge carriers—electrons and holes in active regions of heterostructure‐based devices.
Cryogenic Electronics
Authors: Jha A. R.
Published: November 2024

This article is devoted to cryogenic electronics. Performance capabilities of most widely used cryogenic electronic components and devices using HTS and LTS technologies are summarized with emphasis on reliability, power consumption, and weight. Performance improvements due to integration of cryogenic electronic technology in RF, microwave, and millimeter‐wave components, including RF detectors, ADCs, MESFET and HEMT amplifiers, mixers, filters, solid‐state sources, frequency multipliers, and laser diodes are identified.
Radio Navigation
Authors: Bendixen Gerald
Published: November 2024

A key function of navigation is the estimation of current position of a vessel. The reception of radio signals from transmitters whose location is known is a common means of implementing the position estimation functions. Several different schemes have been developed. A thetatheta system determines the position by the vessels bearing with respect to two transmitters. Rhotheta system use radio signals to determine distance and bearing with respect to the transmitter. Rhorho systems are based on distance measuring equipment (DME) that determines the position of an aircraft using two or more distance values. Hyperbolic systems measure the time delay of signals simultaneously transmitted from three or more stations. The accuracy of each navigation scheme is dependent on the particular implementation. The following sections describe the characteristics of the different equipment.
Perspectives on Causality
Authors: Manzo Gianluca , Sage Lucas
Published: November 2024

Statisticians and social and computer scientists tend to approach causality and causal inference with particular theories of causality in mind and defend tools that are supposed to support causal claims from the point of view of that theory. This entry explains why theoretical and methodological pluralism with respect to causality can benefit causal inference. To this aim, we first discuss various understandings of the concept of causality, and of mechanisms, and emphasize that none of them can be considered as intrinsically superior to the other. We then discuss typical design‐ and model‐based identification strategies of causal effects from within the potential outcome approach, and point to the crucial role of untestable assumptions for defending causal claims within experimental and observational methods. Finally, we explain how computational tools like agent‐based modeling can aid causal inference and argue that persuasive causal claims in fact require data and arguments produced by methods that are based on different assumptions and that incorporate different views of causality and mechanisms.
Dosimetric advantages of dual arc increments for head and neck volumetric‐modulated arc therapy in the Monaco treatment planning system
Authors: Choi Jin Hwa , Ryu Hyejo , Oh Do Hoon , Yoo Lee , Chun Minsoo
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the dosimetric advantages of dual arc increments in head and neck volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS).

Methods

Three VMAT plans were created for each of the 10 patients by prescribing 70 Gy in 35 fractions with arc increment combinations of 30°/30°, 15°/15°, and 30°/15° in the Monaco TPS. The dose to 0.03 cm3 volume (D0.03cc), conformity number, and homogeneity and gradient indices was compared for the planning target volume (PTV), and the D0.03cc and mean dose (Dmean) of the spinal cord, brain stem, parotid glands were compared. For plan complexity evaluation, the monitor unit and various related metrics were compared. Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were performed across plans for the evaluated indicators.

Results

For PTV, plans with 30°/15° showed comparable D0.03cc and homogeneity and gradient indices to those of plans with 30°/30° and 15°/15° while exhibiting a better conformity number. The D0.03cc for spinal cord and brain stem for plans with 30°/15° were 26.0% and 20.8% less than those with 30°/30° and 16.8% and 19.0% less than those with 15°/15°, respectively. The Dmean for the left and right parotid glands under plans with 30°/15° were 17.4% and 13.2% less than those with 30°/30° and 14.0% and 9.8% less than those with 15°/15°, respectively. The total monitor unit in plans with 30°/15° was less than that in other plans but with no significance. The plans with 30°/15° showed higher modulation complexity and plan‐averaged irregularity, while no significant differences observed in both plan‐averaged area and modulation compared with other plans.

Conclusion

In head and neck VMAT, a dual arc increment of 30°/15° seems advisable because it can substantially reduce doses to normal tissues with comparable delivery efficiency while maintaining target dose coverage.
Model Independent Dynamic Predictive Controller Design Using Differential Extreme Learning Machine for Composition Control in Binary Distillation Column
Authors: Sagi Bharati , Thyagarajan T.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel design framework termed differential Extreme Learning Machine (DELM) for addressing nonlinear process dynamics in time series modelling. DELM is constructed via a single‐layer feed‐forward ELM network featuring a skip net topology. This innovative network is engineered to accurately assess nonlinear time series patterns utilizing an nth order Legendre polynomial activation and imposing constraints at the output layer. The DELM persistently monitors trends in streaming process data and adjusts dynamic model predictive control (DMPC) settings inside the feedback loop. The Adaptive Distributed Model Predictive Control (ADMPC) is engineered to provide optimal control responses that meet both local and global stability requirements. The efficacy of DELM‐driven DMPC is evaluated for reference tracking and disturbance rejection goals and compared with RELM‐based DMPC and model‐based adaptive MPC (AMPC). The DELM‐DMPC surpasses alternative methods by providing superior generalization, stability, and computational efficiency. Average performance accuracy of 95% is attained across the operational range, exhibiting superior computing speed relative to its controller counterparts.
Ultra‐Stable Perovskite Quantum Dot Polymer Films
Authors: Tang Yiyuan , Zhang Xin , Liao Kaifeng , Qiu Lvming , Du Ning , Xiao Leping , Ma Jiewen , Wu Bo , Wu Zhen , Wang Guojie
Published: November 2024

Cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) exhibit promising potential due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, but the poor stability and limited processability of it are main obstacles for their practical applications. Here, a facile strategy is reported for the synthesis of ultra‐stable perovskite quantum dot polymer films to overcome these bottlenecks, where the QDs are covalently bonded to polymer chain through thiol‐ene click reaction during photopolymerization process. The QD@polymer film exhibits hydrophobicity and excellent underwater photoluminescent (PL) stability over 240 days without PL decay. Notably, the film can maintain 85% of PL intensity even in a strong acid solution (pH 1) over 135 days, a longest endurance time reported so far in harsh conditions. In addition, the film also presents excellent thermal stability, showing reversible on/off switching behavior over 30 heating‐cooling cycles. Integrating the efficient photoluminescence, ultra‐stability, solution‐processability, and photo‐polymerizability, the QD@polymer system demonstrates a highly desired suitability for various applications, including patterned QD arrays and luminescent textiles. Furthermore, a white light emitting device equipped with the prepared QD@polymer as light‐converting layers achieves white emission with color coordinate of (0.34, 0.33) and a 129% color gamut with 99% coverage of the National Television Standard Committee (NTSC) color space.
Triplet Energy Transfer and Photon Upconversion from Metal Nanocluster with Near‐Unity NIR Emission Quantum Yield
Authors: Zeng Linlin , Shi Wan‐Qi , Kong Jie , Zhang Wei , Wang Quan‐Ming , Luo Yi , Zhou Meng
Published: November 2024

Metal nanoclusters have emerged as new triplet sensitizers of photo‐upconversion, while the strategy of engineering their electronic properties for efficient utilization of triplet energy remains elusive. Au16Cu6(tBuPhC≡C)18 (Au16Cu6) metal nanocluster shows near‐unity near‐infrared (NIR) phosphorescent quantum yield at room temperature and near‐unity intersystem crossing quantum yield, which is an ideal platform for understanding the mechanism of triplet energy transfer (TET). Here, a model system is designed to probe the TET from Au16Cu6 to different organic acceptors and obtained kTET from Stern–Volmer plots. Transient absorption spectroscopy clearly shows the formation of T1 signals in organic molecules accompanied by the decay of T1 signals in Au16Cu6, which indicates a direct TET mechanism. Among four organic molecules, the TET between Au16Cu6 and perylene possesses the highest TET quantum yield. Moreover, a relatively small threshold intensity of 0.4 W cm−2 is obtained with 532 nm excitation and a large anti‐Stokes shift of 0.68 eV with 635 nm excitation in triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion (UC). The efficient TET and UC in Au16Cu6 nanoclusters and the underlying mechanism will pave the way for optimizing their performance and expanding their utilization in optoelectronic devices.
In‐Sensor Computing‐Based Smart Sensing Architecture Implemented Using a Dual‐Gate Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor Technology
Authors: Lei Tengteng , Hu Yushen , Xie Xinying , Shi Runxiao , Wong Man
Published: November 2024

An array of sensors generating a collection of correlated signals can benefit from integration with a “smart” system for autonomous inferencing. Mimicking their biological counterparts, smart sensor systems shall possess the capabilities of sensing, memory, and neuromorphic computation. However, state‐of‐the‐art biomimetic systems either do not employ a full set of devices to cover the complete range of capabilities or incorporate devices that are capable of all but appropriate only for a limited range of sensing applications. Presently proposed is a smart sensor architecture that combines an array of sensing elements with an overlapping array of computing and memory elements, thus emulating an innervated peripheral sensing system (IPSS) capable of local and autonomous neuromorphic in‐sensor data pre‐processing. Compatibility of the proposed architecture with functionally distinct elements for sensing, memory, and computing removes the restrictive demand for a single element simultaneously capable of all, thus making this architecture more generally applicable to a wider range of sensors and usage scenarios. An artificial synapse as a computing element is implemented using dual‐gate (DG) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and the low‐leakage current of transistors based on metal‐oxide semiconductors allows the deployment of capacitors as memory elements. The outputs of the IPSS are passed on to an adjacent artificial neural network (ANN) for near‐sensor inferencing. Monolithic integration of the IPSS and the ANN is made possible by the deployment of the same memory and computing elements in their construction. A smart tactile sensing system based on the proposed architecture is constructed and characterized. The functionality of the system is demonstrated by its application to the classification of a set of tactile images of 3‐dimensionally printed alphabet stamps.
US soybean seed protein concentrations—Current status, challenges, and some potential crop management solutions
Authors: Chiluwal Anuj
Published: November 2024

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the major source of protein for livestock and poultry feed in many countries including the United States. The United States is the second largest exporter of the soybean in the world. Although soybean yield in the United States has gradually increased over the past few decades, a consistent decline in seed protein concentration during the same period has occurred. As a result, soybean meal produced from some US seeds fails to meet the high‐quality animal feed standards. Due to this trend, there is an urgent need to improve seed protein concentration to make US soybean competitive in the global feed market. This review article discusses the status of declining soybean seed protein concentration trend in the United States, its effect on soybean meal and animal feed quality and some potential solutions to promote soybean nutritional quality.
Evolution of Health Care in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Kanakatti Shankar Roopa , Gravholt Claus H. , Backeljauw Philippe F.
Published: November 2024

Turner syndrome was recognized nearly 90 years ago as a distinctive condition and the understanding of pathophysiology, and phenotype has incrementally and substantially changed along with the goals of treatment. Today, multidisciplinary care is imperative, and the latest international consensus guideline has been crafted as a source of comprehensive practical recommendations for interdisciplinary care of individuals with Turner syndrome throughout their lifespan. We review the evolution of health care in Turner syndrome while highlighting the novel recommendations in the recently published international consensus guideline for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome.
Interglacial dust, ocean fertilisation and Neoproterozoic earth oxygenation
Authors: DaSilva Leandro G. , Pufahl Peir K. , James Noel P.
Published: November 2024

Feedback processes that drove Earth's second major increase in ocean–atmosphere oxygen levels during the Neoproterozoic are poorly constrained. Variability in seawater redox over geological timescales is commonly linked to changes in the biogeochemical cycling of P and thus the rate of primary production and generation of photosynthetic oxygen. In the modern surface ocean, an important source of bioessential P and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, Mo, Cr and Ni) is aeolian dust derived from deserts and arid, post‐glacial landscapes. It is interpreted herein that glacial retreat following the Sturtian (ca 717 to 660 Ma) and Marinoan (ca 650 to 635 Ma) snowball glaciations provided copious dust to the global ocean. Correlation of interglacial siltstone successions in palaeogeographical context suggests that such dust accumulation was diachronous and concentrated in the palaeo‐horse latitudes (30° N and 30° S). Delivery of this dust from continents is likely reflected in the steep increase in global radiogenic Sr isotope values (87Sr/86Sr) in post‐Sturtian carbonates, and changes in the δ18O signatures of Cryogenian zircons derived from subducted marine sediments. Accumulation of sedimentary organic matter also peaked during interglacial periods, suggesting a causal link between glaciation, aeolian dust and primary production. This relationship implies windblown dust was an important source of P and micronutrients for an evolving biological pump that stimulated primary production, enhanced burial of organic carbon and increased ocean–atmosphere oxygen concentrations. Thus, delivery of aeolian dust to the global ocean was likely critical for sustaining Earth's second major increase in oxygen. Sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in organic‐rich siltstones and shales is also interpreted to have been an important negative feedback process, which together with silicate weathering, prevented runaway greenhouse conditions during interglacial periods. The oxygen produced by this aeolian marine biological pump may have helped pave the way for the evolution of multicellular animals in the Ediacaran.
A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode Relithiation Techniques: Balancing Production Costs, Electrochemical Performance, and Environmental Impact
Authors: Beletskii Evgenii , Volkov Alexey , Evshchik Elizaveta , Kolmakov Valery , Shikhovtseva Anna , Romanovski Valentin
Published: November 2024

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) has found many applications in the field of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, the increasing volume of end‐of‐life LFP batteries poses an urgent challenge in terms of environmental sustainability and resource management. Therefore, the development and implementation of efficient LFP battery recycling methods are crucial to address these challenges. This article presents a novel, comprehensive evaluation framework for comparing different lithium iron phosphate relithiation techniques. The framework includes three main sets of criteria: direct production cost, electrochemical performance, and environmental impact. Each criterion is scored on a scale of 0–100, with higher scores indicating better performance. The direct production cost is rated based on material costs, energy consumption, key equipment costs, process duration and space requirements. Electrochemical performance is assessed by rate capability and cycle stability. Environmental impact is assessed based on CO2 emissions. The framework provides a standardized technique for researchers and industry professionals to objectively compare relithiation methods, facilitating the identification of the most promising approaches for further development and scale‐up. The total average score across the three criterion groups for electrochemical, chemical, and hydrothermal relithiation methods was approximately 60 points, while sintering scored 39 points, making it the least attractive relithiation technique. Combining approaches outlined in publications with scores exceeding 60, a relithiation scheme was proposed to achieve optimal electrochemical performance with minimal resource consumption and environmental impact. The results demonstrate the framework's applicability and highlight areas for future research and optimization in lithium iron phosphate cathode recycling.
Clean Energy Markets: Responses to Emerging Risks and Investor Behaviour
Authors: Mokni Khaled , Ben Jabeur Sami , Nammouri Hela , Saâdaoui Foued
Published: November 2024

The financial landscape continues to evolve in response to novel risks such as climate change and increasing environmental, prompting investors and the environment to adapt to an uncertain landscape. This study aims to provide insights into how investors and clean energy markets respond to emerging threats in the age of novel risks. By analysing the spillover effects and connectedness between the clean energy markets, investor sentiment, economic policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk, and climate change concerns, we seek to identify investor decision‐making patterns and reactions to these risk factors. The analysis uses a time‐varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP‐VAR) approach based on data collected from 20 September 2013 to 30 September 2022. Our findings will contribute to a better understanding of how investors and environmental markets can promote sustainable growth while addressing the challenges posed by novel risks, offering valuable guidance for regulators, policymakers, and industry practitioners.
Gynecology and obstetrics patients' attitudes towards body privacy: A cross‐sectional‐descriptive study
Authors: Özdemir Rana Can , Işık Meryem Türkan , Durukan Hüseyin
Published: November 2024

Objective

It is extremely important for healthcare professionals to protect patients' privacy during diagnosis and treatment processes related to gynecology and obstetrics and to warn them in case patients' privacy is violated. This study was aimed at determining attitudes of female patients having obstetrics examination towards privacy and raising their awareness of privacy.

Methods

This cross‐sectional‐descriptive study was conducted with 410 patients who presented to the gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The survey form consisted of two forms: The descriptive characteristics questionnaire and the body privacy scale for gynecology and obstetrics (BPSGO). Frequency tables, descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U‐test, Kruskal–Wallis H‐test, and Bonferroni correction were used in the analysis of the data.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 36.75 ± 11.18 years. Of these, 38.0% were in the age group of ≥40 years, 84.0% were married, 66.8% presented to the gynecology clinic, and 58.3% had negative emotions before they had gynecologic examination. Ethics and privacy subscale scores of the single participants were significantly higher than were those of the married participants.

Conclusion

It was determined that privacy was affected by cultural characteristics, belief systems and personal values, and that most of the participants were likely to experience negative emotions. It is important to raise health professionals' awareness of privacy by drawing their attention to the value of privacy which is among ethical values in their education and to support the better functioning of legal regulations on this issue.
Bidentate [C,N] and Tridentate [C,N,S] Palladium Cyclometallated Complexes as Pre‐Catalysts in Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: al Janabi Basma , Reigosa Francisco , Ortigueira Juan M. , Vila José M.
Published: November 2024

Treatment of halide substituted bidentate [C,N] and tridentate [C,N,S] Schiff base ligands with palladium(II) acetate or with lithium tetrachloropalladate, as appropriate, afforded through C−H activation of the organic ligand, the dinuclear (1 a, 1 b) and mononuclear (1 c, 1 d, 1 e) palladacycles, respectively. Reaction of the μ‐acetate dinuclear complexes with aqueous sodium chloride in a metathesis process, gave the μ‐chloride dinuclear complexes (2 a, 2 b). Treatment of the latter with triphenylphosphine or with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm)/ammonium hexafluorophosphate in complex/ phosphine 1 : 2 ratio, gave the phosphine derivatives (3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b). Reaction of 1 c and of 1 e with triphenylphosphine/silver perchlorate and dppm/silver perchlorate, respectively, gave compounds 2 c and 2 e with removal of the chloride ligand by precipitation of the silver halide. The compounds were characterized by microanalysis (CHN), IR and 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of three complexes, 4 a, 1 c and 1 e were studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, the performance of the palladacycles were tested as pre‐catalysts, namely Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction and those furnishing the better results are also reported.
Physicomechanical properties and polymerization shrinkage of the newly developed radiopaque flowable composite derived from rice husk
Authors: Azlisham Nor Ain Fatihah , Johari Yanti , Mohamad Dasmawati , Yhaya Mohd Firdaus , Mahmood Zuliani
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the physicomechanical properties and polymerization shrinkage of the newly developed flowable composite (FC). The physical and mechanical properties assessed include flowability, radiopacity, depth of cure, surface roughness, compressive strength, and compressive modulus. The newly developed FC was prepared by incorporating zirconia as a radiopacifying agent and nanohybrid silica derived from rice husk as fillers, with the monomer ratio of urethane dimethacrylate to triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (UDMA:TEGDMA) manipulated at 20:80, 30:70, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20, and 90:10. Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable Restorative, Revolution Formula 2 and G‐aenial Universal Flo served as control groups. The data were statistically analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc Tukey tests. The newly developed FCs, with flowability levels classified as high, medium, and low‐flow, were found to be radiopaque. As the UDMA ratio in the newly developed FCs increased, depth of cure, compressive strength, and compressive modulus increased, while surface roughness and polymerization shrinkage decreased. Comparable values were observed between the newly developed FCs and control groups in flowability, surface roughness, compressive modulus, and polymerization shrinkage. In summary, the newly developed radiopaque FCs could serve as sustainable dental restorative materials by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, improving physicomechanical properties, and minimizing polymerization shrinkage.

Highlights

Different UDMA:TEGDMA ratios were crucial in determining the properties

The three different levels of flowability were confirmed to be radiopaque

Higher ratio of UDMA improved the physical and mechanical properties

Higher ratio of UDMA reduced the polymerization shrinkage