bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lire le cannibalisme dans L’Ingratitude de Ying Chen à la lumière du concept de « manger de l’homme » de Lu Xun
Authors: Song Jingyun
Published: October 2024

L’Ingratitude de Ying Chen représente Yan-Zi, qui a l’impression d’être avalée par sa mère patriarcale. Mais le cannibalisme dans ce roman va au-delà de la relation mère-fille. Il partage les trois significations du concept de « manger de l’homme » dans l’oeuvre de Lu Xun, à savoir la pratique de manger la chair humaine, la privation du droit à la vie en raison des codes rituels ainsi que la négation de l’esprit libre individuel et du développement personnel. Dans une société où personne n’est dans un état libre et autonome, Yan-Zi est une révoltée contre ce système cannibale, comme le révolutionnaire Xia Yu dans Le médicament de Lu Xun. Par le cannibalisme, L’Ingratitude établit un dialogue avec Le médicament et dénonce l’héritage nocif des codes rituels de la doctrine confucéenne, qui entraîne la tragédie de Yan-Zi dans l’époque post-Mao en Chine. Le cadre fantastique marque l’originalité de l’oeuvre de Chen, qui emploie une « écriture oblique ». Bien que le cri à la fin des deux oeuvres apporte un petit souffle d’espoir, l’attitude pessimiste ressentie chez Lu Xun trouve un écho dans L’Ingratitude.
Qu’y a-t-il de queer dans la pédagogie queer actuelle ?
Authors: Poirier-Saumure Alexis
Published: October 2024

Cet article répond à une forme d’invitation généalogique et théorique afin de réfléchir à la définition et à la possible mise en pratique d’une pédagogie queer en contexte d’éducation post-secondaire. Si nous considérons que l’élan premier des approches pédagogiques dites queer soit de favoriser le développement de littératies critiques de la reproduction des systèmes sociaux normatifs comme le genre, la sexualité ou la race, à une époque où ces littératies sont de moins en moins distribuées, dans la salle de classe universitaire, en fonction d’une stricte hiérarchie transmissive, il devient impératif de réfléchir la pédagogie queer dans sa capacité à établir, collectivement avec les étudiant·e·s, des formes de relations d’apprentissage appropriées à ce type de travail intellectuel. Par une lecture serrée de trois textes fondamentaux dans la formulation initiale d’une pédagogie queer il y a 30 ans et de leur mise en dialogue avec des réflexions plus contemporaines sur la continuité de la question pédagogique queer, et au travers de l’analyse de deux de ses modalités centrales, soit l’antinormativité et la subversion, cette étude tente de mettre la pédagogie queer à l’épreuve de la même mécanique qu’elle applique aux objets de sa critique, pour la confronter à sa propre normalisation et à l’échec de sa subversivité.
Vers un instrument pédagogique intersectionnel et transformatif : les cercles de lecture antiracistes en classe de FLS
Authors: Harinen Kaiju
Published: October 2024

Cet article présente une approche pédagogique critique, antiraciste et intersectionnelle développée autour de cercles de lecture en classe de FLS (français langue seconde) au niveau avancé réalisés au département de français de l’Université de Turku entre 2020 et 2023. L’objectif des cercles de lecture est de passer de la théorie critique et intersectionnelle à la pratique pédagogique antiraciste dans le contexte de la Finlande. En effet, les cercles de lecture visent à permettre aux étudiant·e·s de mieux comprendre le processus de l’altérisation, les discriminations racistes et/ou intersectionnelles, les privilèges et, surtout, à éveiller la conscience sociale critique des participant·e·s. Les cercles de lecture sont basés sur la lecture de la littérature francophone minoritaire, des discussions en petits groupes semi-structurés et des exercices d’écriture créative. Selon les résultats préliminaires d’une analyse thématique partielle des données empiriques qui consistent en des carnets de lecture et des observations auto-ethnographiques de l’enseignante-chercheuse, la littérature francophone contemporaine politiquement engagée peut fournir un instrument pédagogique transformatif efficace pour aborder les expériences complexes de la domination. Ce projet, à la fois pédagogique et littéraire, cherche enfin à proposer un outil pédagogique qui correspond aux besoins du corps enseignant en classe FLS souhaitant aborder des questions relatives à la diversité, à la décolonisation et à la justice sociale.
Peut-on activer les capacités d’adaptabilité des adultes face à des changements de carrière ? Évaluation d’une formation de type « construire sa vie »
Authors: Ghaffari Asma , Moyon Marine , Vanhoolandt Cédric , Bégin Christian
Published: October 2024

Le monde du travail du 21e siècle est, à l’image du contexte socioéconomique global, mouvant et imprévisible. Cette instabilité amène les travailleurs à devoir subir ou choisir des ruptures professionnelles au cours de leur carrière. Selon Savickas et al. (2009), les interventions en aide à l’orientation doivent désormais s’inscrire dans le paradigme « construire sa vie » et avoir pour objectif de développer chez les individus les compétences d’adaptabilité de carrière. L’adaptabilité de carrière est un construit psychosocial qui désigne les ressources qu’un individu peut mobiliser pour anticiper le changement et son avenir dans des contextes mouvants (Savickas et Porfeli, 2012). Cet article s’intéresse à l’évaluation de l’impact sur l’adaptabilité de carrière d’une formation conçue selon le paradigme « construire sa vie » pour accompagner des adultes faisant face à des changements de carrière. C’est une contribution originale car, à notre connaissance, il n’existe pas dans la littérature une telle étude pour apprécier l’efficacité d’une intervention d’aide à l’orientation de type « construire sa vie » pour des adultes en emploi ou au chômage. Cette étude microlongitudinale a concerné 94 participants volontaires (63 femmes, 31 hommes), tous professionnels français et ayant suivi des études supérieures longues, qui ont répondu à un questionnaire autorapporté sur l’adaptabilité de carrière en début, en cours et en fin de formation. L’adaptabilité de carrière est évaluée au travers de quatre dimensions (Conscience, Contrôle, Curiosité et Confiance). Les résultats indiquent une augmentation significative du niveau perçu d’adaptabilité des participants sur chacune des dimensions entre le début et la fin de la formation. Une discussion permet d’entrevoir des pistes pour apprécier la pérennité de ce développement sur le long cours, ce qui rendra possible d’imaginer des solutions d’accompagnement pragmatiques pour la population adulte faisant face à des traumas ou devant anticiper des changements dans la trajectoire professionnelle.
Linguistic rights, translation, and State-sponsored violence in Mexican prisons
Authors: Ang Milena , Vázquez Miguel
Published: October 2024

This article examines linguistic violence experienced by incarcerated indigenous-language speaking women in Mexico. Drawing from a survey of incarcerated individuals, we demonstrate that, despite constitutional guarantees for language access, non-Spanish speakers often lack access to translation services. This deprivation is a form of linguistic violence. Furthermore, we find that such linguistic violence correlates with predatory behavior from authorities—specifically physical and sexual violence. This predatory behavior is reported more frequently by female indigenous-language speakers than any other group. We propose two reasons why this might be the case: limited Spanish proficiency traps these women in prolonged legal limbo, increasing their interactions with potentially abusive authorities, and the language barrier fosters isolation, hindering their ability to report abuses. This phenomenon illustrates how linguistic violence can lead to physical violence.
Identifying in vivo genetic dependencies of melanocyte and melanoma development
Authors: Perlee Sarah , Ma Yilun , Hunter Miranda V , Swanson Jacob B , Ming Zhitao , Xia Julia , Lionnet Timothée , McGrail Maura , White Richard M
Published: October 2024

The advent of large-scale sequencing in both development and disease has identified large numbers of candidate genes that may be linked to important phenotypes. Validating the function of these candidates
in vivo
is challenging, due to low efficiency and low throughput of most model systems. We have developed a rapid, scalable system for assessing the role of candidate genes using zebrafish. We generated transgenic zebrafish in which Cas9 was knocked-in to the endogenous
mitfa
locus, a master transcription factor of the melanocyte lineage. We used this system to identify both cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous regulators of normal melanocyte development. We then applied this to the melanoma setting to demonstrate that loss of genes required for melanocyte survival can paradoxically promote more aggressive phenotypes, highlighting that
in vitro
screens can mask
in vivo
phenotypes. Our high-efficiency genetic approach offers a versatile tool for exploring developmental processes and disease mechanisms that can readily be applied to other cell lineages.
The molecular infrastructure of glutamatergic synapses in the mammalian forebrain
Authors: Peukes J , Lovatt C , Leistner C , Boulanger J , Morado DR , Fuller MJG , Kukulski W , Zhu F , Komiyama NH , Briggs JAG , Grant SGN , Frank R
Published: October 2024

Glutamatergic synapses form the vast majority of connections within neuronal circuits, but how these subcellular structures are molecularly organized within the mammalian brain is poorly understood. Conventional electron microscopy using chemically fixed, metal-stained tissue has identified a proteinaceous, membrane-associated thickening called the ‘postsynaptic density’ (PSD). Here, we combined mouse genetics and cryo-electron tomography to determine the 3D molecular architecture of fresh isolated and anatomically intact synapses in the adult forebrain. The native glutamatergic synapse did not consistently show a high density of proteins at the postsynaptic membrane thought to be characteristic of the PSD. Instead, a ‘synaptoplasm’ consisting of cytoskeletal elements, macromolecular complexes and membrane-bound organelles extended throughout the pre- and post-synaptic compartments. Snapshots of active processes gave insights into membrane remodeling processes. Clusters of 4-60 ionotropic glutamate receptors were positioned inside and outside the synaptic cleft. Together, these information-rich tomographic maps present a detailed molecular framework for the coordinated activity of synapses in the adult mammalian brain.
Ventral Morphology and Ecological Implications of Cindarella eucalla (Artiopoda, Xandarellida) from Chengjiang Biota, China
Authors: Zhang Maoyin , Liu Yu , Mai Huijuan , Schmidt Michel , Hou Xianguang
Published: October 2024

Artiopoda, an early arthropod group, displays post-antennal appendages resembling trilobite limbs, but relationships with other ealy arthropods remain enigmatic. Limited studies and morphological details hinder the understanding of internal relationships within Artiopoda. Recently, exceptionally well preserved arthropod fossils from the Chengjiang Biota were studied using X-ray computed tomography, revealing detailed morphologies. In this study,
Cindarella eucalla
, a xandarellid from the Chengjiang Biota, was re-investigated using X-ray computed tomography and fluorescent microscopy to reconstruct its morphology and understand its phylogeny and ecology. This study successfully reconstructed a three-dimensional model of
Cindarella eucalla
, revealing features, such as spindle-shaped trunk tergites with the anterior six covered by the head shield and axial spines extending from the last four, natant hypostome, four post-antennal cephalic appendage pairs, dorsoventral mismatch existed between trunk tergites and limb pairs. This research suggests that
Cindarella eucalla
could escape in a very short time when it encounters an enemy, and it probably lived in muddy environments with ample light. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Xandarellids may have close relationship with concililiterga or a clade composed of Nektaspida + (Conciliterga + (
Phytophilaspis pergamena
+ Trilobita)).
Early and Delayed STAT1-Dependent Responses Drive Local Trained Immunity of Macrophages in the Spleen
Authors: Solomon Aryeh , Ben-Moshe Noa Bossel , Hoffman Dotan , Trzebanski Sebastien , Yehezkel Dror , Vainman Leia , Netea Mihai , Avraham Roi
Published: October 2024

Trained immunity (TI) is the process wherein innate immune cells gain functional memory upon exposure to specific ligands or pathogens, leading to augmented inflammatory responses and pathogen clearance upon secondary exposure. While the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and reprogramming of bone marrow (BM) progenitors are well-established mechanisms underpinning durable TI protection, remodeling of the cellular architecture within the tissue during TI remains underexplored. Here, we study the effects of peritoneal Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) administration to find TI-mediated protection in the spleen against a subsequent heterologous infection by the Gram-negative pathogen
Salmonella
Typhimurium (
S
.Tm). Utilizing single cell RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry, we discerned STAT1-regulated genes in TI-associated resident and recruited splenic myeloid populations. The temporal dynamics of TI were further elucidated, revealing both early and delayed myeloid subsets with time-dependent, cell type-specific STAT1 signatures. Using lineage tracing, we find that tissue-resident red pulp macrophages (RPM), initially depleted by BCG exposure, are restored from both tissue-trained, self-renewing macrophages and from bone marrow-derived progenitors, fostering long lasting local defense. Early inhibition of STAT1 activation, using specific JAK-STAT inhibitors, reduces both RPM loss and recruitment of trained monocytes. Our study suggests a temporal window soon after BCG vaccination, in which STAT1-dependent activation of long-lived resident cells in the tissue mediates localized protection.
Evolution of novel mimicry polymorphisms through Haldane’s sieve and rare recombination
Authors: Deshmukh Riddhi , Baral Saurav , Kizhakke Athulya Girish , Kuwalekar Muktai , Kunte Krushnamegh
Published: October 2024

Origins of phenotypic novelty represent a paradox. Maintenance of distinct, canalized morphs usually requires a complex array of polymorphisms, whose co-retention requires a genetic architecture resistant to recombination, involving inversions and master regulators. Here, we reveal how such a constraining architecture can still accommodate novel morphs in evolving polymorphisms using the classic polymorphic Batesian mimicry in
Papilio polytes
, whose supergene-like genetic architecture is maintained in a large inversion. We show that rapidly evolving alleles of the conserved gene,
doublesex
, within this inversion underlie the genetic basis of this polymorphism. Using precisely dated phylogeny and breeding experiments, we show that novel adaptive mimetic morphs and underlying alleles evolved in a sequentially dominant manner, undergoing selective sweeps in the mimetic species as predicted under Haldane’s sieve. Furthermore, we discovered that mimetic forms share precise inversion breakpoints, allowing rare exon swaps between the universally dominant and a recessive allele to produce a novel, persistent intermediate phenotype, ultimately facilitating the acquisition of phenotypic novelty. Thus, genetic dominance, selective sweeps, rapid molecular divergence, and rare recombination promote novel forms in this iconic evolving polymorphism, resolving the paradox of phenotypic novelty arising even in highly constrained genetic architectures.
A single microRNA miR-195 rescues the arrested B cell development induced by EBF1 deficiency
Authors: Miyatake Yuji , Ikawa Tomokatsu , Yanagiya Ryo , Kotaki Ryutaro , Kameda Kazuaki , Koyama-Nasu Ryo , Okuyama Kazuki , Hirano Ken-ichi , Hosokawa Hiroyuki , Hozumi Katsuto , Ohtsuka Masato , Kishikawa Takahiro , Shibata Chikako , Otsuka Motoyuki , Maruyama Reo , Ando Kiyoshi , Kurosaki Tomohiro , Kawamoto Hiroshi , Kotani Ai
Published: October 2024

Accumulated studies have reported that hematopoietic differentiation was primarily regulated by transcription factors. Early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) is an essential transcription factor for B lymphopoiesis. Contrary to the canonical notion, we found that a single miRNA, miRNA-195 (miR-195) transduction let EBF1 deficient hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) express CD19, carry out V(D)J recombination and class switch recombination, which implied that B cell matured without EBF1. A part of the mechanism was caused by FOXO1 accumulation via inhibition of FOXO1 phosphorylation pathways in which targets of miR-195 are enriched. These results suggested that some miRNA transductions could function as alternatives to transcription factors.
Olfactory basis for essential amino acid perception during foraging in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Siddiqui Ritika , Mehta Nikita , Ranjith Gopika , Felix Marie-Anne , Chen Changchun , Singh Varsha
Published: October 2024

Acquisition of essential nutrients through diet is crucial for the survival of animals. Dietary odors might enable foraging in animals for nutrient-rich diets. We asked if
Caenorhabditis elegans
, a bacterivorous nematode, uses olfactory cues to forage for essential amino acid-rich (EAA) diets. Using the native microbiome of
C. elegans,
we show that worms rely on olfaction to select leucine (EAA)-enriched bacteria. Using gas chromatography, we find that leucine-enriched bacteria produce isoamyl alcohol (IAA) odor in the highest abundance. Prior adaptation of worms to IAA diminishes the diet preference of worms. Several wild isolates of
C. elegans
display robust responses to IAA emphasizing its ecological relevance. We find that foraging for a leucine-enriched diet is mediated via the AWC olfactory neurons. Finally, we identify SRD-12, in AWC neurons, as a receptor for IAA and a mediator of dietary decisions in worms. Our study identifies a receptor-ligand module underpinning foraging behavior in
C. elegans
.
Outer hair cells stir cochlear fluids
Authors: Lee Choongheon , Shokrian Mohammad , Henry Kenneth S , Carney Laurel H , Holt J Christopher , Nam Jong-Hoon
Published: October 2024

We hypothesized that active outer hair cells drive cochlear fluid circulation. The hypothesis was tested by delivering the neurotoxin, kainic acid, to the intact round window of young gerbil cochleae while monitoring auditory responses in the cochlear nucleus. Sounds presented at a modest level significantly expedited kainic acid delivery. When outer-hair-cell motility was suppressed by salicylate, the facilitation effect was compromised. A low-frequency tone was more effective than broadband noise, especially for drug delivery to apical locations. Computational model simulations provided the physical basis for our observation, which incorporated solute diffusion, fluid advection, fluid–structure interaction, and outer-hair-cell motility. Active outer hair cells deformed the organ of Corti like a peristaltic tube to generate apically streaming flows along the tunnel of Corti and basally streaming flows along the scala tympani. Our measurements and simulations coherently suggest that active outer hair cells in the tail region of cochlear traveling waves drive cochlear fluid circulation.
ORMDL3 restrains type-I interferon signaling and anti-tumor immunity by promoting RIG-I degradation
Authors: Zeng Qi , Yao Chen , Zhang Shimeng , Mao Yizhi , Wang Jing , Wang Ziyang , Sheng Chunjie , Chen Shuai
Published: October 2024

Mounting evidence showed that the genetic association of ORMDL3 (ORMDL Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Regulator 3) gene polymorphisms with bronchial asthma and various inflammatory disorders. Yet its role in type I interferon (IFN) signaling remains poorly defined. Herein, we report that ORMDL3 is a negative modulator of the type I IFN signaling by engaging in an interaction with MAVS (Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling protein) and subsequently directing RIG-I (Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I) for proteasome-mediated degradation. Immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (IP-MS) assays uncovered that ORMDL3 binds to USP10 (Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 10), which forms a complex with and stabilizes RIG-I through decreasing its K48-linked ubiquitination. ORMDL3 thus disrupts the interaction between USP10 and RIG-I, thereby promoting RIG-I degradation. Additionally, subcutaneous syngeneic tumor models in C57BL/6 mice revealed that inhibition of ORMDL3 enhances anti-tumor efficacy by augmenting the proportion of cytotoxic CD8 positive T cells and IFN production in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Collectively, our findings reveal the pivotal roles of ORMDL3 in the maintenance of antiviral innate immune responses and anti-tumor immunity.
Large-scale characterization of cocaine addiction-like behaviors reveals that escalation of intake, aversion-resistant responding, and breaking-points are highly correlated measures of the same construct
Authors: de Guglielmo Giordano , Carrette Lieselot LG , Kallupi Marsida , Brennan Molly , Boomhower Brent , Maturin Lisa , Conlisk Dana , Sedighim Sharona , Tieu Lani , Fannon McKenzie J , Martinez Angelica R , Velarde Nathan , Othman Dyar , Sichel Ben , Ramborger Jarryd , Lau Justin , Kononoff Jenni , Kimbrough Adam , Simpson Sierra , Smith Lauren C , Shankar Kokila , Bonnet-Zahedi Selene , Sneddon Elizabeth A , Avelar Alicia , Plasil Sonja L , Mosquera Joseph , Crook Caitlin , Chun Lucas , Vang Ashley , Milan Kristel K , Schweitzer Paul , Lin Bonnie , Peng Beverly , Chitre Apurva , Polleskaya Oksana , Solberg Woods Leah C , Palmer Abraham A , George Olivier
Published: October 2024

Addiction is commonly characterized by escalation of drug intake, compulsive drug seeking, and continued use despite harmful consequences. However, the factors contributing to the transition from moderate drug use to these problematic patterns remain unclear, particularly regarding the role of sex. Many preclinical studies have been limited by small sample sizes, low genetic diversity, and restricted drug access, making it challenging to model significant levels of intoxication or dependence and translate findings to humans. To address these limitations, we characterized addiction-like behaviors in a large sample of >500 outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats using an extended cocaine self-administration paradigm (6 h/daily). We analyzed individual differences in escalation of intake, progressive-ratio (PR) responding, continued use despite adverse consequences (contingent foot shocks), and irritability-like behavior during withdrawal. Principal component analysis showed that escalation of intake, progressive ratio responding, and continued use despite adverse consequences loaded onto a single factor that was distinct from irritability-like behaviors. Categorizing rats into resilient, mild, moderate, and severe addiction-like phenotypes showed that females exhibited higher addiction-like behaviors, with a lower proportion of resilient individuals compared to males. These findings suggest that, in genetically diverse rats with extended drug access, escalation of intake, continued use despite adverse consequences, and PR responding are highly correlated measures of a shared underlying construct. Furthermore, our results highlight sex differences in resilience to addiction-like behaviors.
UFMTrack: Under-Flow Migration Tracker enabling analysis of the entire multi-step immune cell extravasation cascade across the blood-brain barrier in microfluidic devices
Authors: Vladymyrov Mykhailo , Marchetti Luca , Aydin Sidar , Soldati Sasha , Mossu Adrien , Pal Arindam , Gueissaz Laurent , Ariga Akitaka , Engelhardt Britta
Published: October 2024

The endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) strictly controls immune cell trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS). In neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, this tight control is, however, disturbed, leading to immune cell infiltration into the CNS. The development of in vitro models of the BBB combined with microfluidic devices has advanced our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the multi-step T-cell extravasation across the BBB. A major bottleneck of these in vitro studies is the absence of a robust and automated pipeline suitable for analyzing and quantifying the sequential interaction steps of different immune cell subsets with the BBB under physiological flow in vitro.Here we present the Under-Flow Migration Tracker (
UFM
Track) framework and a pipeline built based on it to study the entire multi-step extravasation cascade of immune cells across brain microvascular endothelial cells under physiological flow in vitro.
UFM
Track achieves 90% track reconstruction efficiency and allows for scaling due to the reduction of the analysis cost and by eliminating experimenter bias. This allowed for an in-depth analysis of all behavioral regimes involved in the multi-step immune cell extravasation cascade. The study summarizes how
UFM
Track can be employed to delineate the interactions of CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells with the BBB under physiological flow. We also demonstrate its applicability to the other BBB models, showcasing broader applicability of the developed framework to a range of immune cell-endothelial monolayer interaction studies. The
UFM
Track framework along with the generated datasets is publicly available in the corresponding repositories.
Bridging the gap between presynaptic hair cell function and neural sound encoding
Authors: Jaime Tobón Lina María , Moser Tobias
Published: October 2024

Neural diversity can expand the encoding capacity of a circuitry. A striking example of diverse structure and function is presented by the afferent synapses between inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the cochlea. Presynaptic active zones at the pillar IHC side activate at lower IHC potentials than those of the modiolar side that have more presynaptic Ca
2+
-channels. The postsynaptic SGNs differ in their spontaneous firing rates, sound thresholds and operating ranges. While a causal relationship between synaptic heterogeneity and neural response diversity seems likely, experimental evidence linking synaptic and SGN physiology has remained difficult to obtain. Here, we aimed at bridging this gap by
ex vivo
paired recordings of IHCs and postsynaptic SGN boutons with stimuli and conditions aimed to mimic those of
in vivo
SGN-characterization. Synapses with high spontaneous rate of release (
SR
) were found predominantly on the pillar side of the IHC. These high
SR
synapses had larger and more temporally compact spontaneous EPSCs, lower voltage-thresholds, tighter coupling of Ca
2+
channels and vesicular release sites, shorter response latencies and higher initial release rates. This study indicates that synaptic heterogeneity in IHCs directly contributes to the diversity of spontaneous and sound-evoked firing of SGNs.
Motor neurons are dispensable for the assembly of a sensorimotor circuit for gaze stabilization
Authors: Goldblatt Dena , Rosti Başak , Hamling Kyla R , Leary Paige , Panchal Harsh , Li Marlyn , Gelnaw Hannah , Huang Stephanie , Quainoo Cheryl , Schoppik David
Published: October 2024

Sensorimotor reflex circuits engage distinct neuronal subtypes, defined by precise connectivity, to transform sensation into compensatory behavior. Whether and how motor neuron populations specify the subtype fate and/or sensory connectivity of their pre-motor partners remains controversial. Here, we discovered that motor neurons are dispensable for proper connectivity in the vestibular reflex circuit that stabilizes gaze. We first measured activity following vestibular sensation in premotor projection neurons after constitutive loss of their extraocular motor neuron partners. We observed normal responses and topography indicative of unchanged functional connectivity between sensory neurons and projection neurons. Next, we show that projection neurons remain anatomically and molecularly poised to connect appropriately with their down-stream partners. Lastly, we show that the transcriptional signatures that typify projection neurons develop independently of motor partners. Our findings comprehensively overturn a long-standing model: that connectivity in the circuit for gaze stabilization is retrogradely determined by motor partner-derived signals. By defining the contribution of motor neurons to specification of an archetypal sensorimotor circuit, our work speaks to comparable processes in the spinal cord and advances our understanding of principles of neural development.
Single cell transcriptomics of vomeronasal neuroepithelium reveals a differential endoplasmic reticulum environment amongst neuronal subtypes
Authors: GVS Devakinandan , Terasaki Mark , Dani Adish
Published: October 2024

Specialized chemosensory signals elicit innate social behaviors in individuals of several vertebrate species, a process that is mediated via the accessory olfactory system (AOS). The AOS comprising the peripheral sensory vomeronasal organ has evolved elaborate molecular and cellular mechanisms to detect chemo signals. To gain insight into the cell types, developmental gene expression patterns and functional differences amongst neurons, we performed single cell transcriptomics of the mouse vomeronasal sensory epithelium. Our analysis reveals diverse cell types with gene expression patterns specific to each, which we made available as a searchable web resource accessed from www.scvnoexplorer.com. Pseudo-time developmental analysis indicates that neurons originating from common progenitors diverge in their gene expression during maturation with transient and persistent transcription factor expression at critical branch points. Comparative analysis across two of the major neuronal subtypes that express divergent GPCR families and the G-protein subunits Gnai2 or Gnao1, reveals significantly higher expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated genes within Gnao1 neurons. In addition, differences in ER content and prevalence of cubic membrane ER ultrastructure revealed by electron microscopy, indicate fundamental differences in ER function.
Book Review
Authors: Vesik Liisa
Published: October 2024

Aigars Lielbārdis. 150. Kolekcija. Buramvārdi. Sērija: LFK krājums. IV/Collection 150. Charms.ALF Collection IV,Rīga: LU Literatūras, folkloras un mākslas institūts, 2020, 216 pp.
Protection Of Domestic Animals Among Bashkirs
Authors:   Ethnology Department, of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IES UFRC RAS), Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, Khasanova Zifa F.
Published: October 2024

The aim of the research is to study and analyse the magical means of protection of domestic animals among the Bashkirs on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the middle of the twentieth and early twenty first centuries. In this article the author considers various types of magical means of protection of domestic animals amongst the Bashkirs living in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Bashkirs used amulets, metal objects, natural stones, etc. to protect pets from evil spirits and diseases. It has been revealed that magical items and amulets, which appeared in the deep past, are firmly rooted in the ritual practices of the Bashkirs and have not lost their significance even till the present day. As the author’s field materials were collected from different territorial groups of Bashkirs have shown, at present they continue to preserve traditional ways of magical protection of livestock. In recent decades, the Bashkirs have started to use various means and amulets found on the Internet.
Udmurt Healing Rituals. Semantic Models Of The Actional Code
Authors:   Department for Foreign Languages, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Udmurtia, Panina Tatiana
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the actional code of the Udmurt healing rite, considered as a cultural text. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the ritual actions of the healing rite are classified into groups according to the particular method of achieving the goal involved, something which takes into account the semantics of its actional component. The proposed classification is based on the system developed by E. E. Levkiyevskaya in her study of Slavic protective amulets. As a result of the analysis, the author has identified the main semantic models manifested in the elementary semantic units and motifs. The semantic models under consideration are divided into three groups: the first group combines ritual actions aiming at establishing contact, the second one contains actions intended to have impact on the source of the disease; and the third encompasses actions aimed at giving a patient an invulnerability to the disease. The analysis of folklore and ethnographic material reveals that motifs of the semantic models belonging to the second group were the most widespread ones, something which is accounted for by the fact that the concept of the fight between two opposing forces underlies most Udmurt healing rituals that involve performing an incantation against the disease.
Adaptive classification of artistic images using multi-scale convolutional neural networks
Authors: Xiang Jin , Yang Yi , Bai Junwei
Published: October 2024

The current art image classification methods have low recall and accuracy rate issues . To improve the classification performance of art images, a new adaptive classification method is designed employing multi-scale convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Firstly, the multi-scale Retinex algorithm with color recovery is used to complete the enhancement processing of art images. Then the extreme pixel ratio is utilized to evaluate the image quality and obtain the art image that can be analyzed. Afterward, edge detection technology is implemented to extract the key features in the image and use them as initial values of the item to be trained in the classification model. Finally, a multi-scale convolutional neural network (CNN) is constructed by using extended convolutions, and the characteristics of each level network are set. The decision fusion method based on maximum output probability is employed to calculate different subclassifies’ probabilities and determine the final category of an input image to realize the art image adaptive classification. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the recall rate and precision rate of art images and obtain reliable image classification results.
Investigation of Basic Psychological Needs of Adolescent Athletes Playing Individual and Team Sports
Authors: KURNAZ Mert , KAYA Ayça , YILMAZ Atike
Published: October 2024

Bu araştırma, bireysel ve takım sporu yapan adölesan sporcuların temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın örneklem gurubunu ölçüt örnekleme tekniğiyle belirlenen ve 2023 sezonunda antrenmanlara devam eden toplam 211 adölesan sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan
kişisel bilgi formu ile Deci ve Ryan (2000) tarafından geliştirilen, Kesici vd. (2003) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizlerinin tümünde SPSS 23 programı
kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistik ve normallik testi yapılmış olup veriler normal dağılım göstermediğinden dolayı non-parametrik testlerden Mann Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis testleri kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmada Cronbach Alpha değeri ,76 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler göre bireysel veya takım sporu yapan adölesan sporcuların temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarına ilişkin cinsiyet, bireysel spor veya takım sporu
yapma, anne ve baba eğitim düzeyi değişkenlerine göre ölçeğin tüm alt boyutlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. Ancak, yaş, anne-baba durumu ile tutumu ve ikamet edilen yer değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olduğunu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bireysel ve takım sporu yapan adölesan sporcuların yaş, anne-baba durumu ile tutumu ve ikamet edilen yer değişkenlerinin temel psikolojik ihtiyaç düzeylerini
etkilediği ve değiştirdiği söylenebilir.
The Problem Of Vehbism And Qesbism In The Selection Of Prophet And Messenger According To Al-Maturidi And Qādi Abd Al-Jabbār
Authors: ORAL Osman
Published: October 2024

Kelâmî düşüncede nebilerin ve resüllerin görevlerine vehbi mi yoksa kesbi mi seçildikleri tartışılır. Bazı âlimler onların hiçbir çabası olmadan ilahî irade onları seçer derken bazı âlimler güzel ahlâk eylemlerini de içeren sâlih ameller
yaptıkları için bu göreve lâyık olduklarını söylerler. Mâtürîdî nebi ve resülün arka planında kalp gözü basîret akıl gözü firâset olan hikmet ehli insan olduğunu dile getirir. Hikmet, insanın kendi irade ve çabasıyla elde ettiği
kesbî bir ilimdir. İnsanın azmi, aklı, çalışması ve içgüdüsel eğitimle kazanılır. Hikmet, insan yönünden kesbî, Allah’ın yaratması yönüyle vehbîdir. Onlar bu görevlerine seçilmese bile erdemli, hayırsever ve güzel ahlâk sahibi
olmaları nedeniyle âlemlere üstün kılınmaları mümkündür. Nübüvvet ve risâlet nihaî konumda vehbî olmakla birlikte bu göreve seçilmeden önce onların iyilikler kesbettikleri bilinmektedir, der. Muʻtezile geleneğinin âlimlerinden
Kâdî Abdülcebbâr ise nübüvvet ile risâleti ayırır. Risâletin vehbî, nübüvvetin sâlih amellerin karşılığı elde edilen kesbî bir görev olduğunu söyler. Nebi ve resüllerin eylemlerini dikkate alınmadan Allah tarafından seçildiği düşüncesi
onların irade ve amellerinin önemsizliği ve insanî özelliklerinin olmadığını düşündürebilir. Nebiler ve resüller seçilmeden önce de yüksek ahlâk sahibi ve sâlih amel işleyen kişiler olduğu tarihi bir realitedir. Onlar, akıllarını
iyi yönde çalıştıran, azim ve sabır örneğini gösteren, halkın içinde alınteri ile çalışan bir meslek icra eden, şiddet ve zulümden kaçınan, içgüdüsel eğitimle erdemli insanî ve ahlâkî nitelik kazanmış cömert karakterli kişilerdir.
Kur’an, onların seçimini anlatırken “ıstafâ”, “utiye”, “menn”, “ceale”, “ihtera”, “sana’a”, “irteda” ve “ictibâ” gibi yönlendirici ve açıklayıcı kavram ve sözcükler kullanır. Seçimde hem ilahî iradenin önemine hem de onların bu
göreve lâyık oldukları için çabalarına işaret eder. Yani bu kavramlar iki yönlü bir hareketi ifade ederler. Hem kesbiliği hem de vehbiliği açıklayan semantik özelliğe sahiptirler. Dolayısıyla elçilik görevini yapabilecek karakter
ve özelliklerini kesbetmiş insanlar arasından bu göreve seçilmenin ilahî iradeye âit olduğu görüşü daha tutarlı ve isabetlidir. Bu makalede Mâtürîdî ile Kâdî Abdülcebbâr’ın konu hakkında görüşleri ile Kur’an âyetleri bağlamında
teolojik te’villeri incelenmiş kelâm ilmi açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
The Views of Social Studies Teacher Candidates on Democratic Participation
Authors: KARIŞAN Hatice , MEMİŞOĞLU Hatice
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışma, sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının demokratik katılıma ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseninden yararlanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında 6 farklı üniversitede 4. sınıf düzeyinde öğrenim gören toplam 40 sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış
görüşme formu ile toplanmış ve içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayları siyasal katılım kavramını; "seçimlere duyarlılık göstermek", "siyasi görüşleri paylaşmak",
"harekete geçmek/eylemde bulunmak", "siyaseti takip etmek", "söz sahibi olmak" ve "siyasetçilerle iletişim-etkileşimde bulunmak" şeklinde tanımlamışlardır. Öğretmen adayları siyasal katılımı engelleyen durumların; "yönetim/otoriteye
bağlı etkenler", "çevresel etkenler", "kişisel etkenler", "çeşitli yaptırımların uygulanması", "ikametgâh sorunu", "psikolojik etkenler" ve "kutuplaşma/kutuplaştırıcı ifadeler" olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcılar toplumsal katılım
kavramını; "görüşleri ifade etmek", "harekete geçmek", "birlik-beraberlik içinde olmak", "tepki göstermek", "farkında olmak", "müdahale etmek", "söz sahibi olmak" ve "duyarlılık göstermek" olarak tanımlamışlardır. Katılımcılar
toplumsal katılımı engelleyen durumların; "kişisel etkenler", "yönetim/otoritenin tavrı", "çevresel etkenler", "ön yargı", "çeşitli yaptırımların uygulanması", "güvensizlik" ve "siyasi görüş farklılıkları" olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.
Öğretmen adayları siyasal ve toplumsal katılım eğitimi için bilgi boyutunda en fazla "temel kavramların öğretilmesi", "etkin vatandaşların özelliklerinin öğretilmesi" ve "siyasal ve toplumsal katılım hakkında bilgi verilmesi" gibi
çeşitli bilgilerin öğretilmesi gerektiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcılar beceri boyutunda en fazla "sosyal katılım", "politik okuryazarlık", "eleştirel düşünme" ve "medya okuryazarlığı" becerilerinin; değer boyutunda ise en fazla
"saygı", "vatanseverlik", "duyarlılık", "özgürlük" ve "sorumluluk" değerlerinin kazandırılması gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir.
Analysis of Şermin Yaşar’s Children's Books in terms of Educational Messages
Authors: DAĞ Ayşenur , CERAN Dilek
Published: October 2024

Toplumların eğitim seviyesi çocukluk döneminde atılan sağlam eğitim temelleri ile doğru orantılıdır. Okul öncesi dönemden başlayarak çocuğun bilişsel, duyuşsal, kişisel ve toplumsal gelişim alanlarında verilen eğitimler bireyin gelişiminde
önem arz eder. Her yönüyle çocuğa verilen eğitimde eğitimcilerin ve ebeveynlerin başvurdukları en önemli araç çocuk edebiyatı ürünleridir. Çocukluk döneminde okunan kitaplar toplumların geleceğini inşa etmede en önemli yapı taşlarındandır.
Çocuğa göre kaleme alınmış, toplumun milli ve manevi değerleriyle harmanlanarak okura kazandırılmak istenen kitaplarda yer alan eğitsel iletiler, çocuğun zihin ve hayal dünyasının gelişimine katkıda bulunur. Çocuğa görelik ilkelerine
göre kaleme alınan çocuk edebiyatı ürünlerinin incelenmesi; çocuklara sağlıklı eserlerin teşvikinde, eğitimcilere ve ebeveynlere ise kaynak aracı olması bakımından önemlidir. Bu çalışma, farklı yaş gruplarına çeşitli türlerde kitapları
bulunan çocuk edebiyatı yazarlarından Şermin Yaşar’ın, çocuk kitaplarındaki eğitsel iletilerin tespiti için yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Şermin Yaşar’ın dördü okul öncesi olmak üzere toplam dokuz çocuk kitabı oluşturmaktadır.
İncelenen çocuk kitapları, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle tespit edilerek yorumlanmıştır. İncelenen kitaplarda tespit edilen eğitsel iletiler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Yaşar’ın incelenen
çocuk kitaplarında 115 eğitsel iletinin her biri farklı sıklıkta kullanılmış olmak üzere toplam 594 defa geçtiği tespit edilmiştir. Yazarın çocuk kitaplarında en sık geçen eğitsel ileti, incelenen tüm kitaplarda yer alan merak
etmek iletisidir. Yaşar’ın değerlendirmeye alınan çocuk kitaplarında sık kullanılan diğer eğitsel iletiler; hayal kurmak ve akıl yürütmek iletileridir.
Parents' Views on the Importance of Compassion Education in Child Raising
Authors: MUTLU AYDIN Serap , AYDIN Serdar
Published: October 2024

Bu araştırmada, merhamet değerine ilişkin merhamet kavramının anlamı, hangi değerleri kapsadığı, sosyal medya ve televizyon programlarının merhamet duygusunu nasıl etkilediği, yeni nesil çocuklarda ve gençlerdeki merhamet duygusunun
değerlendirilmesi ve merhamet eğitimine nerede başlanması gerektiği velilerin görüşleri çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada nitel yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılı 2. döneminde
iki ayrı devlet okulunun 3. sınıfında öğrencisi bulunan 27 gönüllü veli oluşturmaktadır. Verilerdin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış veli görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde
edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur Araştırma sonucuna göre veliler çocuk yetiştirirken en çok merhamet, dürüstlük, saygı, sevgi ve adalet değerlerini önemsediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca veliler merhamet kavramını
acıma duygusuna sahip olmak, empati kurabilmek ve yardıma ihtiyacı olanlara yardım etmek şeklinde tanımlamışlardır. Merhamet kavramının en çok empati, sevgi ve saygı değerlerini içerdiğini dile getirmişlerdir. Merhamet duygusunun
gelişmesinde aile etkeninin önemli rol aldığını belirtmişlerdir. Sosyal medya ve televizyon programlarının çocukların merhamet duygusunun gelişimine zarar verdiği, yeni nesil çocuk ve gençlerde bencillikten dolayı merhamet duygusunun
az olduğu ve merhamet eğitimine ailede başlayıp anasınıfından itibaren her kademede yer verilmesi gerektiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırmanın önerileri arasında ailelerin merhamet kavramı ve eğitimi hakkında bilinçlendirilmeleri,
çocukları teknoloji bağımlılığından kurtarmak için çocuklara teknolojiyi doğru kullanma konulu bilinçlendirme seminerleri düzenlenebileceği yer almaktadır.
Uncovered Unglazed Ceramic Bases at the Excavation of Keykubadiye Palace (2015-2018)
Authors: DURSUN Necla , TAŞDELEN Ayşenur , ASLAN Yunus
Published: October 2024

Kayseri Keykubadiye Sarayı, Keykubad (Şeker) Gölü’nün doğusunda, Şeker Fabrikası arazi sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. İnşa tarihi kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte 1220’li yılların ortalarında (1224-1226) I. Alaeddin Keykubad
tarafından inşa ettirilmiştir. Yapı, 1243 yılı Kösedağ Savaşı sırasında yakılıp yıkılması sonucunda büyük bir tahribata uğramış ve günümüze sadece iki yapı kalıntısı gelebilmiştir. Yapılan kazı çalışmalarında mimari buluntuların
yanı sıra çok sayıda seramik bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın daha verimli olabilmesi adına seramikler, 2015 ve 2018 yılları arasında Keykubadiye Sarayı kazısında ortaya çıkarılan sırsız seramik kaideleri olarak sınırlandırılmıştır. Günlük
kullanım eşyaları olan sırsız seramikler, testi, kâse, tabak gibi çeşitli işlevlerde kullanmak amacıyla üretilmiştir. Genel şemada seramikler, ağız, gövde, kulp ve kaide olmak üzere farklı bölümler içermektedir. Bu kapsamda incelenen
seramiklerin büyük çoğunluğu düz dipli olmakla birlikte yuvarlak ve halka kaideli seramiklerde mevcuttur. Seramik ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde eserlerin sırlı/sırsız veya kap türü ile genel form açısından değerlendirildiği
görülmüştür. Bu nedenle daha ayrıntılı bir çalışma yapabilmek için sırsız seramikleri daha özele indirgeyerek “2015-2018 yıllarında yapılan kazı çalışmalarında ortaya çıkarılan sırsız seramik kaideleri” çalışma konusu olarak belirlenmiştir.
Çalışmada ilk olarak kaide çeşitleri bakımından bir gruplandırma yapılmış, daha sonra eserler formu, hamur, şekillendirme tekniği, ölçüleri ve süsleme özellikleri açısından incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda seramiklerin hamur özellikleri,
formu ve şekillendirme tekniği açısından genel bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmıştır.