bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlled growth of ZnS/ZnO heterojunctions on porous biomass carbons via one-step carbothermal reduction enables visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Huang Hai-Bo , Yu Kai , Wang Jun-Tao , Zhou Jun-Ru , Li Hong-Fang , Lü Jian , Cao Rong
Published: June 2019

Controlled growth of ZnS/ZnO heterojunctions on porous biomass carbons has been achieved via a one-step carbothermal reduction strategy.
Direct amination and N-heteroarylation of perylenediimides
Authors: Gutiérrez-Moreno David , Sastre-Santos Ángela , Fernández-Lázaro Fernando
Published: June 2019

A mild, fluoride-mediated reaction for the direct introduction of amines and N-heterocycles.
A novel method for textile odor removal using engineered water nanostructures
Authors: Zhu Lisha , Liu Yanbiao , Ding Xuemei , Wu Xiongying , Sand Wolfgang , Zhou Huiling
Published: June 2019

The malodor attached to textiles not only causes indoor environmental pollution but also endangers people's health even at low concentrations.
Plasmonic nanoprobes based on the shape transition of Au/Ag core–shell nanorods to dumbbells for sensitive Hg-ion detection
Authors: Chen Ling , Li Rui , Yang Ping
Published: June 2019

Sensitive plasmonic nanoprobes for the sensitive detection of mercury ions based on a “rod-like to dumbbell or not” morphology transition of the Au/Ag core–shell hybrid nanorods.
Synthesis of 3-aryl-2-phosphinoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ligands for use in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Tran Ryan Q. , Jacoby Seth A. , Roberts Kaitlyn E. , Swann William A. , Harris Nekoda W. , Dinh Long P. , Denison Emily L. , Yet Larry
Published: June 2019

3-Aryl-2-phosphoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ligands were prepared via two complimentary synthetic routes and were evaluated in the Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig amination cross-coupling reactions.
Dual-functional persistent luminescent nanoparticles with enhanced persistent luminescence and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Tuerdi Ailijiang , Abdukayum Abdukader
Published: June 2019

NIR persistent luminescence and photocatalytic activity of the PLNPs were significantly and simultaneously improved via additional doping of Bi3+.
Synergistic effect of lignin incorporation into polystyrene for producing sustainable superadsorbent
Authors: Ghavidel Nasim , Fatehi Pedram
Published: June 2019

Lignin has gained intensive interest as an excellent raw material for the generation of advanced green products.
Cell adherence and drug delivery from particle based mesoporous silica films
Authors: Björk Emma M. , Baumann Bernhard , Hausladen Florian , Wittig Rainer , Lindén Mika
Published: June 2019

Particle-based mesoporous silica films synthesized through a direct growth method were successfully used as a drug delivery system.
Automated solubility and crystallization analysis of non-UV active compounds: integration of evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and robotic sampling
Authors: Chung Ryan , Hein Jason E.
Published: June 2019

The integration of high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection with robotic sampling allows for the acquisition of reliable and data-rich solubility and crystallization profiles of minimally- or non-UV active compounds in an automated manner.
Identifying the molecular adsorption site of a single molecule junction through combined Raman and conductance studies
Authors: Kaneko Satoshi , Montes Enrique , Suzuki Sho , Fujii Shintaro , Nishino Tomoaki , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Ikeda Katsuyoshi , Kano Hideaki , Nakamura Hisao , Vázquez Héctor , Kiguchi Manabu
Published: June 2019

An analysis combining SERS and current–voltage response measurements with DFT calculations has identified the molecular adsorption site in a single molecule junction.
S8-Catalyzed triple cleavage of bromodifluoro compounds for the assembly of N-containing heterocycles
Authors: Deng Shuilin , Chen Haohua , Ma Xingxing , Zhou Yao , Yang Kai , Lan Yu , Song Qiuling
Published: June 2019

An unprecedented S8-catalyzed selective triple-cleavage of bromodifluoroacetamides is disclosed for the first time.
Influence of ligand encapsulation on cobalt-59 chemical-shift thermometry
Authors: Ozvat Tyler M. , Peña Manuel E. , Zadrozny Joseph M.
Published: June 2019

This manuscript details the first investigation of ligand encapsulation on thermometry by cobalt-59 nuclear spins.
Towards a durable high performance anode material for lithium storage: stabilizing N-doped carbon encapsulated FeS nanosheets with amorphous TiO2
Authors: Xie Xuefang , Hu Yang , Fang Guozhao , Cao Xinxin , Yin Bo , Wang Yaping , Liang Shuquan , Cao Guozhong , Pan Anqiang
Published: June 2019

In situ formed hierarchical FeS nanosheets supported by a TiO2/C fibrous backbone exhibit higher rate capability and cycling stability as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Unique structured microspheres with multishells comprising graphitic carbon-coated Fe3O4 hollow nanopowders as anode materials for high-performance Li-ion batteries
Authors: Park Gi Dae , Hong Jeong Hoo , Jung Dae Soo , Lee Jong-Heun , Kang Yun Chan
Published: June 2019

Unique structured microspheres with multishells comprising graphitic carbon-coated Fe3O4 hollow nanopowders are successfully synthesized as an efficient anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Glutathione from recovered glucose as ingredient in antioxidant nanocapsules for triggered flavor delivery
Authors: Tallian Claudia , Rumpler Vanessa , Skopek Lukas , Russmayer Hannes , Steiger Matthias G. , Vielnascher Robert , Weinberger Simone , Pellis Alessandro , Vecchiato Sara , Guebitz Georg M.
Published: June 2019

Glucose recovered via enzymatic hydrolysis of rayon fibers was used for glutathione production by S. cerevisiae. Glutathione was used in combination with HSA and silk fibroin for ultrasound assisted nanocapsules production. Triggered release of flavor substances and antioxidant properties of the nanocapsules was demonstrated.
Dual acid-responsive bola-type supramolecular vesicles for efficient intracellular anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Sun Guangping , He Zhimei , Hao Min , Zuo Minzan , Xu Zuqiang , Hu Xiao-Yu , Zhu Jun-Jie , Wang Leyong
Published: June 2019

Dual acid-responsive bola-type supramolecular vesicles have been successfully constructed for efficient intracellular anticancer drug delivery and controlled release.
Single-crystalline lead halide perovskite wafers for high performance photodetectors
Authors: Gao Juan , Liang Qiangbing , Li Guohui , Ji Ting , Liu Yucheng , Fan Mingming , Hao Yuying , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Wu Yucheng , Cui Yanxia
Published: June 2019

A single crystalline perovskite thin wafer is prepared using the seed-induced crystallization method and its photodetection on/off current ratio is 4.3 thousand.
Soft interfaces within hybrid perovskite solar cells: real-time dynamic tracking of interfacial electrical property evolution by EIS
Authors: Feng Yulin , Bian Jiming , Wang Shi , Zhang Chunyang , Wang Minhuan , Shi Yantao
Published: June 2019

Despite the significant increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) achieved recently, the fundamental physics behind some of the photovoltaic anomalies in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is rarely investigated.
Mechanism of nitrite-dependent NO synthesis by human sulfite oxidase
Authors: Bender Daniel , Tobias Kaczmarek Alexander , Niks Dimitri , Hille Russ , Schwarz Guenter
Published: June 2019

In addition to nitric oxide (NO) synthases, molybdenum-dependent enzymes have been reported to reduce nitrite to produce NO. Here, we report the stoichiometric reduction in nitrite to NO by human sulfite oxidase (SO), a mitochondrial intermembrane space enzyme primarily involved in cysteine catabolism. Kinetic and spectroscopic studies provide evidence for direct nitrite coordination at the molybdenum center followed by an inner shell electron transfer mechanism. In the presence of the physiological electron acceptor cytochrome c, we were able to close the catalytic cycle of sulfite-dependent nitrite reduction thus leading to steady-state NO synthesis, a finding that strongly supports a physiological relevance of SO-dependent NO formation. By engineering SO variants with reduced intramolecular electron transfer rate, we were able to increase NO generation efficacy by one order of magnitude, providing a mechanistic tool to tune NO synthesis by SO.
Turbulent power distribution in the local interstellar medium
Authors: Kalberla P. M. W. , Haud U.
Published: June 2019

Context. The interstellar medium (ISM) on all scales is full of structures that can be used as tracers of processes that feed turbulence.

Aims. We used H I survey data to derive global properties of the angular power distribution of the local ISM.

Methods. HI4PI observations on an nside = 1024 HEALPix grid and Gaussian components representing three phases, the cold, warm, and unstable lukewarm neutral medium (CNM, WNM, and LNM), were used for velocities |vLSR|≤ 25 km s−1. For high latitudes |b| > 20° we generated apodized maps. After beam deconvolution we fitted angular power spectra.

Results. Power spectra for observed column densities are exceptionally well defined and straight in log-log presentation with 3D power law indices γ ≥−3 for the local gas. For intermediate velocity clouds (IVCs) we derive γ = −2.6 and for high velocity clouds (HVCs) γ = −2.0. Single-phase power distributions for the CNM, LNM, and WNM are highly correlated and shallow with γ ~−2.5 for multipoles l ≤ 100. Excess power from cold filamentary structures is observed at larger multipoles. The steepest single-channel power spectra for the CNM are found at velocities with large CNM and low WNM phase fractions.

Conclusions. The phase space distribution in the local ISM is configured by phase transitions and needs to be described with three distinct different phases, being highly correlated but having distributions with different properties. Phase transitions cause locally hierarchical structures in phase space. The CNM is structured on small scales and is restricted in position-velocity space. The LNM as an interface to the WNM envelops the CNM. It extends to larger scales than the CNM and covers a wider range of velocities. Correlations between the phases are self-similar in velocity.
Euclid preparation
Authors:   Euclid Collaboration, Adam R. , Vannier M. , Maurogordato S. , Biviano A. , Adami C. , Ascaso B. , Bellagamba F. , Benoist C. , Cappi A. , Díaz-Sánchez A. , Durret F. , Farrens S. , Gonzalez A. H. , Iovino A. , Licitra R. , Maturi M. , Mei S. , Merson A. , Munari E. , Pelló R. , Ricci M. , Rocci P. F. , Roncarelli M. , Sarron F. , Amoura Y. , Andreon S. , Apostolakos N. , Arnaud M. , Bardelli S. , Bartlett J. , Baugh C. M. , Borgani S. , Brodwin M. , Castander F. , Castignani G. , Cucciati O. , De Lucia G. , Dubath P. , Fosalba P. , Giocoli C. , Hoekstra H. , Mamon G. A. , Melin J. B. , Moscardini L. , Paltani S. , Radovich M. , Sartoris B. , Schultheis M. , Sereno M. , Weller J. , Burigana C. , Carvalho C. S. , Corcione L. , Kurki-Suonio H. , Lilje P. B. , Sirri G. , Toledo-Moreo R. , Zamorani G.
Published: June 2019

Galaxy cluster counts in bins of mass and redshift have been shown to be a competitive probe to test cosmological models. This method requires an efficient blind detection of clusters from surveys with a well-known selection function and robust mass estimates, which is particularly challenging at high redshift. The Euclid wide survey will cover 15 000 deg2 of the sky, avoiding contamination by light from our Galaxy and our solar system in the optical and near-infrared bands, down to magnitude 24 in the H-band. The resulting data will make it possible to detect a large number of galaxy clusters spanning a wide-range of masses up to redshift ∼2 and possibly higher. This paper presents the final results of the Euclid Cluster Finder Challenge (CFC), fourth in a series of similar challenges. The objective of these challenges was to select the cluster detection algorithms that best meet the requirements of the Euclid mission. The final CFC included six independent detection algorithms, based on different techniques, such as photometric redshift tomography, optimal filtering, hierarchical approach, wavelet and friend-of-friends algorithms. These algorithms were blindly applied to a mock galaxy catalog with representative Euclid-like properties. The relative performance of the algorithms was assessed by matching the resulting detections to known clusters in the simulations down to masses of M200 ∼ 1013.25 M⊙. Several matching procedures were tested, thus making it possible to estimate the associated systematic effects on completeness to < 3%. All the tested algorithms are very competitive in terms of performance, with three of them reaching > 80% completeness for a mean purity of 80% down to masses of 1014 M⊙ and up to redshift z = 2. Based on these results, two algorithms were selected to be implemented in the Euclid pipeline, the Adaptive Matched Identifier of Clustered Objects (AMICO) code, based on matched filtering, and the PZWav code, based on an adaptive wavelet approach.
Study of the (n,γf) process on 239Pu
Authors: Leal-Cidoncha Esther , Noguere Gilles , Bouland Olivier , Serot Olivier
Published: June 2019

In the neutron resonance range, fission cross section of 239Pu can be seen as a sum of the immediate (n,f) and the two-step (n,γf) fission reactions. In that case, five channel widths should be considered for a proper evaluation, those are: two opened fission channels for Jπ = 0+, one opened fission channel for Jπ = 1+ and two J-dependent for the (n,γf) reaction. The sizeable contribution of the (n,γf) process should have an impact on the determination of the capture and fission widths involved in the Reich-Moore approximation of the R-matrix theory. The present work aims to investigate this impact by using the CONRAD code and the Γγf available from literature. Prompt neutron multiplicity (νp) has been also reproduced including the contributions of the (n,γf) process.
Absolute cross section measurements of 238U(n,f) and 237Np(n,f) in the neutron energy range 1-2.4 MeV
Authors: Salvador-Castiñeira Paula , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Göök Alf , Vidali Marzio , Hawkes Nigel P. , Oberstedt Stephan , Roberts Neil J. , Taylor Graeme C. , Thomas David J.
Published: June 2019

New standard (n,f) cross sections other than 235U are important to study the relevant cross sections for Generation-IV power plants. A specific need for such standards is for performing new experiments with quasimonoenergetic neutron beams, such as those produced by Van de Graaf accelerators. Neutrons down-scattered to low energies in the experimental environment, so called room-return, become relevant for this type of measurements. Hence, a standard (n,f) cross section with a fission threshold is of great interest, in order to suppress the contribution from room-return background. For this reason we have performed two experiments at the VDG of the National Physical Laboratory to measure absolutely the (n,f) cross sections of 235U, 238U and 237Np in the fast neutron energy region. Our preliminary results are in agreement with the most up-to-date evaluations.
Eigenvalues of matrices related to the octonions
Authors: Serôdio Rogério , Beites Patricia , Vitória José
Published: June 2019

A pseudo real matrix representation of an octonion, which is based on two real matrix representations of a quaternion, is considered. We study how some operations defined on the octonions change the set of eigenvalues of the matrix obtained if these operations are performed after or before the matrix representation. The established results could be of particular interest to researchers working on estimation algorithms involving such operations.
Identification of newly developed advanced schistosomiasis with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and ClinProTools analysis
Authors: Huang Yuzheng , Xu Yongliang , Huang Yi , Sun Fang , Tian Haisong , Hu Nannan , Shi Liang , Hua Haiyong
Published: June 2019

Cases of newly developed advanced schistosomiasis (NDAS) have occurred in areas where schistosomiasis transmission has been blocked for more than 25 years. The causes and pathogenesis of NDAS are still unknown. Diagnosis of NDAS relies on historical investigation and clinical symptoms, such as liver fibrosis, hepatic ascites and abnormal biochemical indexes in serum. It is important but difficult at this stage to develop a new tool for early screening and rapid diagnosis. In this study, serum peptides from thirty patients with NDAS and thirty healthy controls were captured with weak cation exchange magnetic beads, and subjected to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and ClinProTools analysis. Eleven peaks with m/z 924, 2661, 2953, 2991, 3241, 3884, 5337, 5905, 5943, 7766 and 9289 were decreased and three peaks with m/z 1945, 2082 and 4282 were increased in the NDAS group. The proteomic detection pattern (PDP) was established with 14 different peptide peaks, and its sensitivity and specificity were investigated with a blind test. The peptide mass fingerprints of sera from 50 NDAS patients and 100 healthy controls were double-blind subjected to the PDP method, and 50 patients and 92 healthy controls were classified as NDAS and healthy separately, which showed 100% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Our results showed that the PDP could be a new and useful method to detect NDAS.
Langzeiterfahrungen nach Glossektomie und Rekonstruktion mit freien Lappen
Authors: Remmert Stephan
Published: June 2019

Fachärzte für Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie aus Kalifornien beschrieben bei Patienten nach vollständiger Glossektomie demografische und klinisch-pathologische Merkmale sowie die Ergebnisse der Behandlung und nach Rekonstruktion.
50 Jahre Universitäts-Hautklinik am Biederstein in München
Authors: Eberlein B. , Darsow U. , Eyerich K. , Konstantinow A. , Posch C. , Volz T. , Zink A. , Brockow K. , Hein R. , Köberle M. , Möckel S. , Schnopp N. , Biedermann T.
Published: June 2019

Die Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein der Technischen Universität München (TUM) wurde 1969 in Betrieb genommen und feiert daher im Jahr 2019 ihr 50-jähriges Bestehen. Die Ursprünge dieser Klink gehen aber wie an vielen Orten auf ältere Versorgungsstrukturen zurück. Anlässlich des 50-jährigen Bestehens soll dieser Artikel die Entwicklung und aktuelle Ausrichtung der Klinik illustrieren und dabei auch die Wertschätzung für unsere Vorgänger ausdrücken, die sich auf den verschiedenen Positionen für unsere Patienten eingesetzt und so die Basis für eine erfolgreiche Klinik in Krankenversorgung, Forschung und Lehre geschaffen haben. Die Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein gehört zum Universitätsklinikum, dem Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München (TUM), sie selbst liegt jedoch links der Isar, im schönen Schwabing unweit des Englischen Gartens. Sie ist eine von 3 Hautkliniken in München, die im Rahmen der Münchner Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (MDG e. V.) regelmäßig Fortbildungen ausrichten. Die MDG am Biederstein wird sich im Jahr 2019 neben der Fortbildung auch dem Jubiläum dieser Klinik widmen.

Die Klinik als universitäre Einrichtung umfasst den Bereich medizinische Versorgung mit 74 Betten auf 4 Stationen, einen ambulanten Bereich mit einer großen Poliklinik für Allgemein- und Privatpatienten (jährlich mehr als 60 000 Patientenbesuche), den Bereich Forschung mit verschiedenen Forschungsgruppen und großen Laboratorien sowie den Bereich Lehre, Weiter- und Fortbildung. Ein Schwerpunkt in der klinischen Versorgung und in der Forschung war bereits zur Zeit der Gründung der Klinik 1969 die Allergologie. Weiterhin bestehen Schwerpunkte im Bereich der entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen, der Dermatoonkologie, der Dermatoinfektiologie, der Dermatochirurgie und der Wundversorgung. Die Klinik hat das Comprehensive Allergy Center der Technischen Universität München (ACTUM) und EU-Exzellenz-Zentrum für Allergie auf den Weg gebracht und ist Teil der Krebszentren Comprehensive Cancer Center München der Technischen Universität München (CCC MünchenTUM) und des Comprehensive Cancer Center München (CCCM). Pro Semester werden etwa 450 Studenten im Rahmen von Vorlesungen, Seminaren und Praktika betreut. Neben Kongressen wie der Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Forschung (ADF) im Jahr 2019 oder der European Society for Dermatological Research (ESDR) im Jahre 2016 richten die Klinik und der Lehrstuhl regelmäßige Fortbildungsveranstaltungen im Rahmen des Biedersteiner Symposiums, des Biedersteiner Kolloquiums und der MDG aus.
Soja in der veganen Ernährung – Lifestyleprodukte mit Gefahrenpotenzial für Birkenpollenallergiker?
Authors: Oesterlin C. , Kugler C. , Darsow U. , Biedermann T. , Brockow K.
Published: June 2019

Bei 10 % aller Birkenpollenallergiker wurden allergische Reaktionen auf die Sojabohne nachgewiesen. Typischerweise manifestieren diese sich in Form eines milden oralen Allergiesyndroms. Wir stellen 4 Patienten (1 Mann, 3 Frauen, 50 – 72 Jahre) mit primärer Birkenpollenallergie aus unserer Allergieabteilung vor, bei denen sich jedoch nach Verzehr von Sojamilch/-drink schwere allergische Reaktionen bis hin zur Anaphylaxie entwickelten. Diese Patienten litten unter einer Rhinoconjunctivitis allergica im Frühjahr und zusätzlichen pollenassoziierten Nahrungsmittelallergien. Haut-Pricktestungen auf Sojaprodukte waren positiv. Bei 3 von 4 Patienten war die Sojaallergie lediglich durch spezifische IgE-Antikörper auf das birkenpollenhomologe PR-10-Protein Gly m 4 nachweisbar, jedoch nicht auf den Sojagesamtextrakt (< 0,35 KU/l). Bei einer Patientin, die Sojaprodukte bisher immer vertragen hatte, wurde die Sojaallergie erst durch orale Provokationstestung nachgewiesen. Es handelt sich bei allen Patienten um eine sekundäre birkenpollenassoziierte Sojaanaphylaxie nach Einnahme großer Mengen an geringgradig verarbeiteten Sojaprodukten (Sojadrink). Diese stellt für Birkenpollenallergiker mit IgE-vermittelten Allergien sowohl auf das Birkenpollenallergen Bet v 1 als auch auf das homologe Gly m 4 in der Sojabohne aufgrund einer Kreuzreaktion ein Risiko dar.
Pflege von Kindern mit chronischem
Darmversagen
Authors: Fetzner Lisa
Published: June 2019

Wenn der Darm versagt, sind Kinder auf eine parenterale, oft sogar auf eine
totale parenterale Ernährung vorübergehend oder sogar lebenslang angewiesen. Die
Uniklinik in Tübingen hat für die betroffenen Kinder und ihre Familien ein
spezielles „Trainings-Programm“ für den Darm entwickelt. Ziel dabei ist ein
maximales Ausschöpfen oder sogar eine Steigerung des Restpotenzials des
verbliebenen Darms. So erhalten viele Kinder mit Kurzdarm oft eine neue
Perspektive.
Die Familie im Fokus
Authors: Shields Linda
Published: June 2019

Noch bis in die 1960er-Jahre wurden Kinder, die im Krankenhaus behandelt werden
mussten, von den Eltern in die Obhut des medizinischen und pflegerischen
Personals übergeben. Von wenigen Besuchen abgesehen blieb das Kind – je nach
Schwere der Erkrankung – oft über Wochen von den Eltern getrennt. Die negativen
Auswirkungen dieser Trennung waren bald offensichtlich, und so etablierte sich
ein neues Pflegemodell, das die ganze Familie als Adressaten für die Pflege in
den Fokus nimmt.
Onkologische Therapiekonzepte bei systemischer Metastasierung des kolorektalen Karzinoms
Authors: Modest Dominik Paul , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael
Published: June 2019

Die onkologische Therapieführung des metastasierten Darmkrebs (mKRK) erfolgt in enger Kooperation mit anderen Fachdisziplinen, insbesondere der Chirurgie. Trotz Metastasierung können durch interdisziplinäre Behandlungen hier Langzeitverläufe ermöglicht werden, auch wenn die Erkrankung in der Mehrzahl der Fälle (unabhängig vom Behandlungspfad) nicht geheilt werden kann. Die rein onkologische Systemtherapie stützt sich derzeit vor allem auf Chemotherapiekombinationen und monoklonale Antikörper gegen VEGF (Vascular endothelial Growth Factor) und EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), die zu unterschiedlichen Regimen zusammengesetzt werden. Für die EGFR-Antikörper besteht mit den verschiedenen RAS-Mutationen ein negativer prädiktiver Biomarker, der aktuell durch die Beachtung der Primärtumorseite ergänzt wird. In späteren Therapielinien eröffnet sich derzeit die Möglichkeit einer personalisierten Therapie von Subgruppen. Hier sind insbesondere Patienten mit BRAF-V600E-Mutation (BRAF-inhibitorbasierte Kombinationen), Her2-positivem mKRK und Patienten mit MSI-H-Tumor (Checkpointinhibitoren) zu nennen.
Personalisierte Medizin bei Nierenzelltumoren
Authors: Junker Kerstin , Zeuschner Philip
Published: June 2019

Die Entdeckung von immer kleineren Tumoren durch den umfassenden Einsatz von bildgebenden Verfahren, die Erweiterung der operativen Techniken und der systemischen Therapieoptionen fordern auch für Nierentumorpatienten eine Individualisierung der Therapie. Essenzielle Voraussetzung ist dabei die Kenntnis der Tumorbiologie, da sie eine differenzierte Diagnostik, individuelle Prognosebewertung und Therapiewahl, basierend auf Biomarkern, und die Entwicklung von neuen Therapiestrategien ermöglicht.

Nierenzelltumore werden aktuell in 16 histologische Subtypen unterschieden, die durch spezifische genetische Veränderungen charakterisiert sind. Aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Aggressivität ist die Kenntnis der Subtypen sowohl für die Therapieentscheidung als auch für die Nachsorge wichtig. Molekulare Marker können bei der Differenzialdiagnose eingesetzt werden. Molekulare Signaturen werden zukünftig aber auch wesentlich zur Prognosedifferenzierung innerhalb der Subtypen beitragen, wie für das klarzellige Nierenzellkarzinom bereits gezeigt wurde. Dies wird zur Entwicklung differenzierter Nachsorgeprotokolle und zu einer genaueren Selektion der Patienten für adjuvante Therapien führen. Für metastasierte Patienten stehen immer mehr medikamentöse Therapien zur Verfügung, die zielgerichtet in bestimmte zelluläre Signal- oder Kommunikationswege eingreifen. Auch wenn bisher noch keine validen prädiktiven Biomarker verfügbar sind, liegen vielversprechende Daten zu molekularen Signaturen in Korrelation mit dem Ansprechen auf Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren oder Checkpointinhibitoren vor, die in Zukunft wesentlich besser als die klinischen Scores eine individuelle Therapiewahl ermöglichen werden.

Zur Überführung der vielversprechenden Biomarker in die klinische Praxis sind nun prospektive multizentrische Studien erforderlich. Die Berücksichtigung von bereits vorhandenen Erkenntnissen aus der Tumorbiologie der verschiedenen NZK-Entitäten sowohl bez. der veränderten Signalwege in den Tumorzellen selbst als auch der Rolle des Mikromilieus einschließlich der Immunzellen ist eine essenzielle Voraussetzung für eine weitere Verbesserung von Diagnostik und Therapie.
The Allylic Acetoxylation of 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes Catalyzed by a Palladium(II)/Monothiadiazole Ligand System
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Sun Bin , Yang Jin , Zhang Xun , Wang Jiayang , Zhuang Xiaohui , Jin Can , Yu Chuangming
Published: June 2019

A palladium(II)/monothiadiazole ligand catalytic system and its application in catalyzing the acetoxylation of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes have been developed. With this newly designed monothiadiazole thioether ligand, the reaction showed a broad scope with respect to 1,1-disubstituted olefins, giving the corresponding products in yields of 30–86%.
Lung Diseases in Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: Barba Thomas , Mainbourg Sabine , Nasser Mouhamad , Lega Jean-Christophe , Cottin Vincent
Published: June 2019

Lung involvement is the leading cause of mortality in inflammatory myopathy. A careful assessment of clinical and serologic manifestations especially myositis-associated autoantibodies allows precise classification of the different phenotypes of inflammatory myopathy and stratification of the risk of lung involvement. About three out of four patients with inflammatory myopathy develop interstitial lung disease (ILD), which represents the main cause of morbidity and mortality. In patients with a confirmed diagnosis of inflammatory myopathy, the approach to the diagnosis of ILD includes assessment of clinical and functional severity, evaluation of the high-resolution computed tomography pattern of disease, which often suggests nonspecific interstitial pneumonia or organizing pneumonia. Bronchoalveolar lavage to rule out infection is often performed; however, video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy is now generally discouraged, unless malignancy is suspected. The so-called antisynthetase syndrome characterized by the combination of mechanics' hands, Raynaud' phenomenon, myositis often mild or absent, and presence of one of the anti-tRNA synthetase antibodies is associated with a 70% risk of ILD, especially in subjects with antibodies other than anti-Jo1 antibodies (i.e., anti-PL7 or -PL12 antibodies). Treatment depends on both severity and progression of ILD, often including a combination of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy. Rituximab-based regimen has showed promising results in retrospective studies for the management of refractory or rapidly progressive forms of ILD. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the actual efficacy of this strategy on mortality related to lung disease. Secondary pulmonary complications of inflammatory myopathy include opportunistic infections, aspiration pneumonia, pneumomediastinum, ventilatory failure due to diaphragmatic muscular weakness, drug-induced pneumonitis, and rarely pulmonary hypertension.
Ontology-Based Interactive Visualization of Patient-Generated Research Questions
Authors: Borland David , Christopherson Laura , Schmitt Charles
Published: June 2019

Background Crohn's disease and colitis are chronic conditions that affect every facet of patients' lives (e.g., social interaction, family, work, diet, and sleep). Thus, treatment consists largely of disease management. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill chapter of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation—IBD Partners—has created an interactive website that, in addition to providing helpful information and disease management tools, provides a discussion forum for patients to talk about their experiences and suggest new lines of research into Crohn's disease and colitis.

Objectives The primary objective of this work is to enable researchers to more effectively browse the forum content. Researchers wish to identify important/popular patient-suggested research topics, appreciate the full breadth of the research topics, and see connections between them, in order to more effectively prioritize research agendas.

Methods To help structure the forum content we have developed an ontology describing the major themes in the discussion forum. We have also created a prototype interactive visualization tool that leverages the ontology to help researchers identify common themes and related patient-generated research topics via linked views of (1) the ontology, (2) a research topic overview clustered by relevant ontology terms, and (3) a detailed view of the discussion forum content.

Results We discuss visualizations and interactions enabled by the visualization tool, provide an example scenario using the tool, and discuss limitations and future work based on feedback from potential users.

Conclusion The integration of a user-community specific ontology with an interactive visualization tool is a promising approach for enabling researchers to more effectively study user-generated research questions.
Head Circumference Growth Is Enhanced by SMOFlipid in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Bin-Nun Alona , Kassirer Yair , Mimouni Francis B. , Shchors Irina , Hammerman Cathy
Published: June 2019

Background Suboptimal fat intake during the early postnatal weeks significantly affects brain growth and maturation. Studies to date have focused on the quantity rather than the quality of fat intake.

Objective We hypothesized that early nutrition of premature neonates should also include optimization of the type of fat intake, and thus those receiving SMOFlipid, a balanced multicomponent lipid emulsion, would have improved head growth as measured by head circumference (HC) at discharge.

Study Design We retrospectively reviewed HC in infants weighing <1,500 g who were hospitalized for two or more weeks during a 20-month period, in which all preterm infants received fat as Lipofundin, and the following 20-month period, in which all such infants received SMOFlipid.

Lipids were dosed up to 3 g/kg/day and reduced as enteral nutrition progressed. Parenteral fish oil (Omegaven) was permitted as rescue therapy during both periods.

Results Period 2 infants had better head growth (0.79 [0.69,0.90] vs. 0.75 [0.64,0.86] cm/week; p = 0.0158). More infants reached discharge with an HC of ≥50 percentile (51 vs. 31%; p = 0.0007), and fewer infants had an HC of ≤3 percentile (11 vs. 14%; p = 0.023). Median length of stay was reduced by more than 1 week.

A multivariable regression was performed using the weekly increase in HC as the dependent variable, and the time epoch, birth weight, gestational age, hospitalization days, and gender as independent variables. Only the time epoch and days of hospitalization were significant (both p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Our data offer preliminary evidence of improved brain growth in those receiving a balanced lipid emulsion as compared with a soybean oil emulsion.
A new phase of monolayer group-V binary compounds with direct bandgap and giant piezoelectric properties
Authors: Chen Feiyao , Xu Hongxiang , Wang Jianyu , Wang Zhendong , Liu Xiaoqing , Lu Yan , Wang Li
Published: June 2019

Since the successful isolation of black phosphorus in 2014, the investigation of two-dimensional (2D) materials consisting of group-V elements has aroused wide interest. In this paper, by applying first-principles calculations, we predict a new stable phase of monolayer 2D group-V binary compounds (MX), which we call the β phase. Our calculations show that these β-MXs (β-AsP, β-SbN, β-SbP, β-SbAs, and β-BiP) are semiconductors with direct bandgaps, and this direct bandgap property is stable under a larger strain along both x and y directions. Furthermore, these β-MXs are also piezoelectric materials due to the lack of inversion symmetry. The piezoelectric coefficients of β-AsP, β-SbP, β-SbAs, and β-BiP are about one order of magnitude higher than other commonly used piezoelectric materials. Therefore, the combination of direct bandgap property and giant piezoelectric effect may make β-MXs promising materials for future optical and electronic devices.
Restoring discrete Painlevé equations from an E8(1)-associated one
Authors: Grammaticos B. , Ramani A. , Willox R.
Published: June 2019

We present a systematic method for the construction of discrete Painlevé equations. The method, dubbed “restoration,” allows one to obtain all discrete Painlevé equations that share a common autonomous limit, up to homographic transformations, starting from any one of those limits. As the restoration process crucially depends on the classification of canonical forms for the mappings in the Quispel-Roberts-Thompson (QRT) family, it can in principle only be applied to mappings that belong to that family. However, as we show in this paper, it is still possible to obtain the results of the restoration even when the initial mapping is not of the QRT type (at least for the system at hand, but we believe our approach to be of much wider applicability). For the equations derived in this paper, we also show how, starting from a form where the independent variable advances one step at a time, one can obtain versions corresponding to multistep evolutions.
An experimental study of the dynamic aerodynamic characteristics of a yaw-oscillating wind turbine airfoil
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Huang Xia , Jiang Yubiao , Qin Chen
Published: June 2019

The design of large wind turbines requires a comprehensive and accurate analysis of the dynamic loads of airfoils, so it is of great importance to study the dynamic aerodynamic characteristics of a yaw-oscillating airfoil. In this paper, using “electronic cam” technology and synchronous acquisition of dynamic data, a wind tunnel test of yaw oscillation for the airfoil dynamic “sweep effect” is carried out for the first time, providing previously missing lateral dynamic test data. The results show that the aerodynamic curves of the yaw-oscillating airfoil have an obvious hysteresis effect, induced mainly by a periodic pressure fluctuation on the airfoil suction surface, and the aerodynamic hysteresis characteristics are enhanced with increasing oscillation frequency, initial angle of attack, and amplitude. The hysteresis loops of the lift and pressure drag, as a function of yaw angle, follows a “W” shape, the hysteresis loop of the pitching moment follows an “M” shape, and the hysteresis loop of the unsteady lift increment follows an “∞” shape. The aerodynamic force of the airfoil under negative stroke is higher than that under positive stroke, and the aerodynamic coefficients decrease clearly with increasing oscillation frequency under positive stroke. The pressure fluctuation on the airfoil surface is due to a periodic generation, development, movement, breakdown, dissipation, and reconstruction of shear layer vortices, leading edge vortices, trailing edge vortices, and dynamic separation vortices. The dynamic aerodynamic hysteresis of the yaw-oscillating airfoil occurs essentially because of the dynamic interaction between vortex and vortex, or vortex and airfoil surface boundary layer.
Determining acceptable limits of fast-electron preheat in direct-drive-ignition–scale target designs
Authors: Delettrez J. A. , Collins T. J. B. , Ye C.
Published: June 2019

In direct-drive–ignition designs, preheat by fast electrons created by the two-plasmon–decay or stimulated Raman instabilities can increase the adiabat in the fuel layer and reduce compression and neutron yields. Since eliminating the preheat entirely is a major challenge, it is necessary to understand the levels of preheat that preclude ignition in a direct-drive target. Two 1-D ignition-scale target designs serve as the basis for examining the effects of synthetically increasing the levels of fast electrons using the 1-D radiation–hydrodynamic code LILAC, which include two models of fast-electron transport. The first is an ignition design adapted from a 2-D polar-direct-drive design for the National Ignition Facility. The second is a variant of the first with identical dimensions and compositions but using a laser pulse that generates stronger shocks and a higher fuel adiabat. This more stable design approaches ignition and achieves yield multiplication as a result of alpha heating. The designs are then re-optimized to recover performance. The igniting design, when fast-electron transport was modeled with diffusion, was found to tolerate 50% more fast-electron preheat of the cold (sub-50 eV) deuterium-tritium (DT) ice layer when the laser pulse was optimized using the optimizer Telios. When a straight-line fast-electron transport model was used, the effects of optimization were negligible. For the subignition design, an increase of over a factor of at least 3 in the tolerable level of fast-electron preheat was obtained for both transport models.
A data acquisition system for HV-CMOS sensor research and development in the upgrade of ATLAS experiment
Authors: Chen K. , Chen H. , Lanni F. , Liu H. , Xu L. , Wu W. , Benoit M. , Iacobucci G. , Vicente Barrero Pinto M.
Published: June 2019

In the high luminosity Large Hadron Collider upgrade of the A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS (ATLAS) experiment in 2026, the new inner tracker detector will be installed. As a promising candidate for the outer layer of the inner tracker detector, the High Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) pixel sensors are being investigated by the ATLAS collaboration. A Front-End LInk eXchange (FELIX) based Data Acquisition (DAQ) system is developed for the R&D of the HV-CMOS sensors. A FELIX card with a Peripheral Component Interconnect express interface in the back-end is used to control, monitor, calibrate, and read out the front-end electronics. In the front-end, a Xilinx evaluation board ZC706 works as the interface between the back-end and the custom boards with HV-CMOS sensors and the readout Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. The DAQ system was successfully deployed for the testbeam experiment at CERN. The design of the DAQ system, the tuning of sensors, and the testbeam results will be described in details.
Near-wall dynamics of inertial particles in dilute turbulent channel flows
Authors: Mortimer L. F. , Njobuenwu D. O. , Fairweather M.
Published: June 2019

This investigation considers the effect of the Stokes number on the near-wall particle dynamics of two-phase (solid-fluid) turbulent channel flows. The spectral element method-based direct numerical simulation code Nek5000 is used to model the fluid phase at a shear Reynolds number, Reτ = 180. Dispersed particles are tracked using a Lagrangian approach with one-way coupling. Eulerian fluid and particle statistics are gathered and analyzed to determine the effect of the Stokes number, first on macroscopic statistics. Previous work of this nature indicates that mean streamwise particle velocities and root-mean-square velocity fluctuations are reduced in the bulk and increased very close to the wall, an effect which is stronger with increased particle Stokes number or inertial particles. This phenomenon has important consequences for mechanisms such as particle deposition and preferential concentration, and so for the first time, this work aims to elucidate the dynamics of this effect through rigorous analysis on various scales. An in-depth force analysis indicates the importance of the lift force, even at increased Stokes numbers, in predicting particle motion in the buffer layer and log-law regions. It is also observed that pressure gradient and virtual mass forces are significant close to the wall. Alongside bulk velocity and acceleration statistics, microscopic behavior is analyzed by considering region-based particle dynamics. Probability density functions are used to determine the effect of the Stokes number on particle motion in three near-wall regions, as well as within the bulk flow. It is observed that at higher Stokes numbers, the viscous sublayer contains particles with dynamic properties similar to those present in the buffer layer. This suggests rapid interlayer migration in the wall direction, causing increased particle turbulence intensities in near-wall regions. A local flow topology classification method is also used to correlate particle behavior with near-wall coherent turbulent structures, and a mechanism for particle sweep toward the wall is suggested. Finally, low-speed streak accumulation and interlayer particle fluxes are considered and the extent of mixing for low and high Stokes numbers is discussed.
Analysis of inertial migration of neutrally buoyant particle suspensions in a planar Poiseuille flow with a coupled lattice Boltzmann method-discrete element method
Authors: Liu Wenwei , Wu Chuan-Yu
Published: June 2019

In this study, a hybrid numerical framework for modelling solid-liquid multiphase flow is established with a single-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method and the discrete element method implemented with the Hertz contact theory. The numerical framework is then employed to systematically explore the effect of particle concentration on the inertial migration of neutrally buoyant particle suspensions in planar Poiseuille flow. The results show that the influence of particle concentration on the migration is primarily determined by the characteristic channel Reynolds number Re0. For relatively low Re0 (Re0 < 20), the migration behaviour can only be observed at a very low particle concentration (≤5%). However, when Re0 > 20 the migration behaviour can be observed at a high concentration (≥20%). Furthermore, a focusing number Fc is proposed to characterise the degree of inertial migration. It was found that the inertial migration can be classified into three regimes depending on two critical values of the focusing number, Fc+ and Fc−: (i) when Fc > Fc+, a full inertial migration occurs; (ii) when Fc < Fc−, particles are laterally unfocused; and (iii) when Fc− < Fc < Fc+, a partially inertial migration takes place.
Characterization of the pressure-induced phase transition of metallization for MoTe2 under hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic conditions
Authors: Yang Linfei , Dai Lidong , Li Heping , Hu Haiying , Liu Kaixiang , Pu Chang , Hong Meiling , Liu Pengfei
Published: June 2019

This study reported a pressure-induced metallization for molybdenum tellurium under different pressure environments up to ∼25.9 GPa through a series of experiments and first-principles theoretical calculations. This metallization was closely related to the gradual closure of bandgap rather than the structural phase transition. Under the non-hydrostatic environment, the metallization point was ∼12.5 GPa and irreversible, while it occurred at a higher pressure of ∼14.9 GPa and was reversible under the hydrostatic environment. We ascribed these discrepancies to the strong deviatoric stress, which reinforced the Te-Te interactions and caused the permanent plastic deformation of the interlayer spacing.
Direct orbital selection for projection-based embedding
Authors: Bensberg Moritz , Neugebauer Johannes
Published: June 2019

Projection-based embedding (PbE) has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its simplicity and robustness. It is a very promising method for highly accurate calculations of reaction barriers and reaction energies via embedding of a correlated wavefunction or sophisticated density functional theory (DFT) method for the reaction center into a more cost effective DFT description of the environment. PbE enables an arbitrary partitioning of the supersystem orbitals into subsystems. In most applications so far, the selection of orbitals for the active system was directly linked to the selection of “active atoms.” We propose an inexpensive approach that automatically selects orbitals as active that change during the reaction and that assigns all remaining orbitals to the environment. This approach is directly coupled to the reaction under investigation and does not rely on any specification of active atoms. We compare different variants of this approach for the selection of orbitals along the reaction path for embedding of Adamo and Barone’s hybrid functional (known as PBE0) into Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof’s exchange-correlation functional (PBE), a method dubbed as PBE0–in–PBE embedding, based on orbitalwise partial charges and the kinetic energy. The most successful comparison scheme is based on shellwise intrinsic atomic orbital charges. We show for a set of six reactions of different types that the corresponding errors in reaction energies and barriers converge quickly to zero with the extension of the active-orbital space.
Trapping mechanism and sites of H and D atoms in solid Ne
Authors: Dmitriev Yu. A. , Benetis N. P.
Published: June 2019

The shifts of the isotropic Fermi contact hyperfine interactions (FCHFI) of hydrogen or deuterium atoms isolated in crystalline noble gases at cryogenic temperatures are compared to the values of the same quantities of the hydrogen atom in the gas phase. New experimental FCHFI values of H/D trapped in crystalline Ne are compared with experimentally obtained and theoretically computed values. The possible trapping sites in the distorted solid Ne gas crystalline structure occupied by the hydrogen atomic impurities are identified by the variation of the FCHFI shifts in the EPR spectra and discussed after their dependence to the deposition method. The present EPR investigation revealed formation of H2 microcrystals in solid Ne even at a very low H2 impurity content of 0.01% in the deposited H2:Ne gaseous mixture.
Multifrequency source for pumping CPT-resonances based on an external cavity diode laser
Authors: Isakova A.A. , Golovin N.N. , Savinov K.N. , Dmitriev A.K.
Published: June 2019

We report the results of studying operation regimes for an external-cavity diode laser in which the intermode interval corresponds to the clock transition frequency under modulation of the injection current by an rf oscillator, which provides multifrequency pumping of CPT-resonances.