bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swin2‐MoSE: A new single image supersolution model for remote sensing
Authors: Rossi Leonardo , Bernuzzi Vittorio , Fontanini Tomaso , Bertozzi Massimo , Prati Andrea
Published: February 2025

Due to the limitations of current optical and sensor technologies and the high cost of updating them, the spectral and spatial resolution of satellites may not always meet desired requirements. For these reasons, Remote‐Sensing Single‐Image Super‐Resolution (RS‐SISR) techniques have gained significant interest. In this paper, Swin2‐MoSE model is proposed, an enhanced version of Swin2SR. The model introduces MoE‐SM, an enhanced Mixture‐of‐Experts (MoE) to replace the Feed‐Forward inside all Transformer block. MoE‐SM is designed with Smart‐Merger, and new layer for merging the output of individual experts, and with a new way to split the work between experts, defining a new per‐example strategy instead of the commonly used per‐token one. Furthermore, it is analyzed how positional encodings interact with each other, demonstrating that per‐channel bias and per‐head bias can positively cooperate. Finally, the authors propose to use a combination of Normalized‐Cross‐Correlation (NCC) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) losses, to avoid typical MSE loss limitations. Experimental results demonstrate that Swin2‐MoSE outperforms any Swin derived models by up to 0.377–0.958 dB (PSNR) on task of , and resolution‐upscaling ( and OLI2MSI datasets). It also outperforms SOTA models by a good margin, proving to be competitive and with excellent potential, especially for complex tasks. Additionally, an analysis of computational costs is also performed. Finally, the efficacy of Swin2‐MoSE is shown, applying it to a semantic segmentation task (SeasoNet dataset). Code and pretrained are available on https://github.com/IMPLabUniPr/swin2‐mose/tree/official_code
Distributionally robust optimization of voltage fluctuations and imbalance in islanded bipolar DC microgrids
Authors: Majd Zahra , Kalantar Mohsen , Aghaei Jamshid
Published: February 2025

DC microgrids (DCMGs) are gaining popularity due to the rise of DC devices, increased use of solar power, and the absence of frequency and reactive power concerns. Key challenges in DCMGs include voltage fluctuations due to unpredictable changes in renewable energy resources (RERs), power flow management, and power distribution among distributed generations (DGs). To ensure the stability and reliability of DCMGs, it is crucial to maintain proper DC bus voltage levels and effectively manage power flow between different components. This paper presents a new scheduling framework for bipolar DCMGs (BPDCMGs) that simultaneously considers voltage variations and imbalances. A novel objective function focused on voltage variations is developed based on advanced load flow equations for BPDCMGs. Also, distributionally robust optimization (DRO) is utilized for RERs and load consumption uncertainties based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence metric. Following the reformulation of the multiobjective DRO problem, an optimal compromise solution is found using min–max fuzzy criteria. The proposed model has been tested on the IEEE 33 bus system, simulating an islanded BPDCMG. Detailed analysis demonstrates the model's effectiveness in managing voltage fluctuations and imbalances, with numerical results indicating over a 90% reduction in voltage fluctuations and over 40% decrease in unbalancing.
Leveraging Clinical Decision Support in Dental Settings to Bridge HIV Testing Gaps and Contribute to Ending the Epidemic
Authors: Perelman Sharon C. , Ansari Tunaidi , Yin Michael T. , Gordon Peter G. , Nguyen Nadia , Evangelidis-Sakellson Vicky , Kunzel Carol , Meyers Kathrine , Castor Delivette , Blanchard Ariel , Albert David A.
Published: February 2025

Background Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC) in New York City, in collaboration with the Division of Infectious Diseases and the Dental School, is addressing a critical gap in HIV testing to support the strategy to End the HIV Epidemic (EHE). This strategy emphasizes increasing testing rates and providing patients with information about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Objectives This study aimed to achieve two key objectives: (1) develop a robust clinical decision support system (CDSS) capable of identifying patients who stand to benefit from HIV testing and (2) implement a seamlessly integrated, user-friendly workflow, enabling health care providers to effortlessly order and conduct HIV point-of-care (POC) screening.

Methods A targeted CDSS was developed by identifying a patient population, determining qualifying laboratory tests, interpreting HIV and sexually transmitted infections results, and programming based on conditional statements. A workflow was implemented after careful consideration and collaboration with faculty and residents. POC testing was conducted using the OraQuick Rapid Antibody Test Advanced HIV-1/2.

Results The implementation of this targeted CDSS and associated new protocols demonstrated a promising 11.5% testing rate, normalizing HIV POC testing within the dental ambulatory care setting, and representing a key pillar of EHE.

Conclusion CUIMC's approach presents a promising strategy for bridging gaps in HIV testing disparities and enhancing public health outcomes. By leveraging CDSS and innovative health care delivery methods, CUIMC's desire is to expand the scope and effectiveness of HIV testing to other practices and sites.
Exit Strategy for Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Real-World Setting: Wishful Thinking?
Authors: Eastline Michael , Said Sadiq , Bosch Martina Monika , Knecht-Bosch Pascal
Published: February 2025

Introduction To analyze our outcome for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with aflibercept in a treat-and-extend regimen pursuing an exit strategy (with best possible adherence to the “Bern” exit criteria) over 6 years in a real-world setting. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the proportion of patients who were able to achieve and maintain treatment exit.

Methods This is a retrospective chart review study of treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with nAMD receiving intravitreal aflibercept injections performed at our department with at least 2 years of follow-up visits. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients able to achieve and maintain the treatment exit regarding intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Further outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), incidence of recurrence after treatment cessation, duration of therapy, and number and intervals of injections.

Results There were 31 eyes of 25 patients included in this retrospective study. The observation period was from September 1, 2017 to August 31, 2023. Of all included patient eyes, 22.6% (n = 7) reached exit criteria. Of all the “exit” patients, 28.6% (n = 2) suffered from disease relapse and therapy was restarted at a mean (± SD) of 41.5 ± 12.5 weeks (range: 29 to 54 weeks). Regarding the eyes that met treatment exit, 5 of 31 (16.1%) had no disease recurrence in the observed study period. The median BCVA (Snellen decimal; ± interquartile range: IQR) changed from 0.63 (0.27) at baseline to 0.63 (0.4) in the first year, 0.63 (0.3) in the second year, 0.63 (0.46) in the third year, 0.63 (0.3) in the fourth year, 0.63 (0.4) in the fifth year, and 0.4 (0.04) in the sixth year. The median number of injections (± IQR) per eye in the first year of treatment was 8 (2), in the second year 5 (2), in the third year 5 (2.5), in the fourth year 5 (1), in the fifth year 3 (0.8), and
in the sixth year 3 (0). Extension of the treatment interval after the loading phase in weeks was achieved up to a median (± IQR) of 5.8 (4) in the first year, 8.4 (6) in the second year, 8 (5.7) in the third year, 9.4 (5.6) in the fourth year, 7 (6.9) in the fifth year, and 8.4 (3.1) in the sixth year of observation.

Discussion Our study indicates a lower rate of patients reaching exit criteria with a treat-and-extend regimen compared to clinical study settings, and a similar recurrence rate of nAMD after treatment cessation. Nonadherence to a strict treat-and-extend protocol might influence the result.
Duodenal Peptic Ulcer Perforation in the Puerperium Case Report Series
Authors: Stiles Elizabeth , Robinson Andre , Fitzgerald Erin , Fleury Marie , Rubenstein Andrew
Published: February 2025

Peptic ulcers, and complications such as perforation, are rare during pregnancy and the puerperium. Accordingly, many clinicians may place these diagnoses low on their differential diagnosis. We present two case reports of primigravida, advanced maternal age females with history of irritable bowel syndrome and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use found to have perforated duodenal ulcers after Cesarean section. Postpartum surgical abdomens may not present with classic guarding and rigidity. A low threshold for imaging and identification of risk factors are critical to timely diagnosis and management.
Correlation between Severity of Malocclusion and Case Complexity Using Dental Aesthetic Index and ABO Discrepancy Index
Authors: Dahiya Chinar , Mittal Shruti , Teja Prerna Hoogan , Mittal Astitav , Gulia Komal
Published: February 2025

Objective Dentomaxillary abnormalities manifest clinically as malocclusion. Any deviation from normal occlusion is malocclusion. It presents as a malrelationship between the dental arches in one or more planes or deviation in normal individual tooth positions. The present study was done to assess the association between severity of malocclusion and case complexity using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and American Board of Orthodontics Discrepancy Index (ABO-DI).

Material and Methodology The study was conducted on pretreatment orthodontic records of 120 patients who attended the outpatient department of the orthodontics department to assess the association between severity of malocclusion and case complexity using the DAI and the ABO-DI. Pretreatment orthodontic records used for the study were study casts, lateral cephalogram in occlusion, and orthopantomogram. ABO gauge was used for measuring various parameters on study casts.

Result In all, 3.3% patients had minor or no anomaly (DAI score of ≤25), 4.2% patients had definite malocclusion (DAI score of 26–30), 10% patients had severe malocclusion (DAI score of 31–35), 82.5% patients had handicapping malocclusion (DAI score of ≥36). In total, 6.7% patients had mild malocclusion (ABO-DI score of ≤10), 30% patients had moderate malocclusion (ABO-DI score of 11–20), and 63.3% patients had complex malocclusion (ABO-DI score of ≥30).

Conclusion There was a moderate positive correlation between DAI and ABO-DI scores (p = 0.000).
Creole Languages and American Englishes: Multilingualism and Pediatric Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Washington Karla N.
Published: February 2025

Multilingualism is the norm, not the exception, with most children speaking more than one language daily. These factors have motivated an increased need to better understand language use in the growing population of children whose cultural and linguistic background evidence language variation by way of Creole languages and dialects of American Englishes. Within speech-language pathology in the United States, however, a cultural and linguistic mismatch exists with only 8% of speech-language pathologists self-identifying as multilingual service providers. A variety of publications have documented speech-language development and disorders in speakers of majority language pairings (such as Spanish-English) to address this mismatch and the potential for misdiagnosis of speech-language function. However, there is a shortage of information on speakers of minority language pairings (such as a Creole language and its lexifier) for supporting culturally responsive practices in speech-language pathology. This clinical seminar considers multilingualism for speech-language pathology with the goal of offering a historical context. In so doing, this clinical seminar aims to address the need for distinguishing between dialect and disorder, and offer practical considerations that reduce the risk of misdiagnosis in children who speak minority languages such as Creoles (e.g., Gullah/Geechee, Jamaican Creole) and dialects of American Englishes (e.g., African American English), as examples in the context of the United States.
Posterior Palatine Line: A Marker for Cleft Secondary Hard Palate
Authors: Shah Deval Harsukh , Shah Nilpa , Trivedi Mayur
Published: February 2025

A cleft of the secondary palate (SP) can be isolated or associated with a cleft lip (CL). Although CL is relatively easy to detect by both 2D and 3D ultrasound, the detection of SP defects is still challenging. The posterior edge of the palatine bone forms the posterior border of the secondary hard palate (SHP). We evaluated the integrity of this posterior palatine bone by 2D ultrasound in an axial view. This posterior horizontal echogenic line of the hard palate (HP) is named the posterior palatine line. A defect in the middle of this line is considered a cleft of the SHP. We evaluated 1,450 midtrimester fetuses between December 2023 and June 2024 for the integrity of the posterior palatine line. Of these 1,450 fetuses, we found 12 fetuses with CL, CL and primary palate, CL with cleft SHP, and isolated cleft SHP. We detected a cleft in the posterior palatine line in 9 of 12 fetuses. The integrity of the palate was evaluated in 1,123 normal and 9 abnormal cases postnatally. This 2D view is easy to obtain and very useful for the detection of a cleft of the SHP. Visualization of the posterior palatine line in the routine midtrimester anomaly scan might enhance the detection rate of isolated cleft of the SHP.
Environmental Exposures and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Peebles Elizabeth , Mahalingaiah Shruthi
Published: February 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common heterogeneous endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting around 5 to 10% of women and up to 21% depending on the applied diagnostic criteria and study population. People with PCOS may experience oligomenorrhea, androgen excess, and polycystic ovary morphology. The etiology of the disease is not completely understood, with genetics, epigenetics, endocrine, metabolic, lifestyle, and environmental factors contributing to its development and severity. Environmental exposures are an important, burgeoning field in menstrual research, as they potentially link to menstrual cycle disruption and the risk of reproductive disorders such as PCOS. This review examines the recent research investigating environmental exposures—air pollution, micro- and nanoplastics, heavy metals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals—and PCOS in human and animal models, concluding with potential mechanisms, limitations, and considerations for future work. Overall, research on environmental exposures and PCOS is limited and yields heterogeneous results across studies. Specifically, exposures such as air pollutants, micro- and nanoplastics, persistent organic pollutants, and parabens have noticeably limited research. Future research can help fill the gap in understanding how environmental exposures, particularly across gestational, childhood, and reproductive adult life stages, may impact PCOS.
Flexor Tendon Tenosynovitis in a Child Following Missed Thorn Prick Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Ghanghurde Bipin A. , Habbu Rohan , Avasthi Bhupendra S.
Published: February 2025

Plant thorn synovitis is a frequently missed and neglected injury. We report a delayed case of suspected thorn injury to the left middle finger in a 5-year-old child, which was treated with thorn removal and complete flexor synovectomy to achieve good results. Proper history, clinical examination, and correlated radiological findings can help in the diagnosis. Patients may seek late treatment due to persistent swelling and pain. Antibiotic may be given; however, in a delayed case, its role is debatable. Thorn removal and complete tenosynovectomy offers complete recovery.
1.1 Sulfonyl Fluorides and Acyl Fluorides
Authors: Lai J. , Thomson B. J. , Sammis G. M.
Published: February 2025

Sulfonyl fluorides have numerous applications in both synthetic organic chemistry as fluorinating agents and as precursors to sulfur(VI) moieties, and in chemical biology as covalent inhibitors and chemical probes. The utility of sulfonyl fluorides arises from the properties of the S—F bond, as the high bond strength and polarization imparts stability and chemoselectivity that differentiates this group from other sulfur(VI) halides. Likewise, acyl fluorides have found widespread use in organic synthesis as reactive intermediates. The increased stability toward hydrolysis and aminolysis in comparison to acyl chlorides and bromides are a result of the relative strength and electrostatic stability of the C—F bond. In this review, we provide an overview of synthetic approaches to these valuable motifs, with a focus on versatile and easy-to-handle protocols.
The temperature-dependent ESF of InGaAs well-cluster composite structure
Authors: Yu Qingnan , Yang Shuting , Chen Mengjia , Wang Yaxin , Wang Yuxuan , Wang Xinyu , Li Hongxu
Published: February 2025

The InGaAs well-cluster composite (WCC) structure is a special kind of quantum confinement structure formed by indium atom self-fit migration, which has excellent spectral properties. In this paper, an experimental technique for measuring the temperature-dependent emission scaling factor (ESF) is proposed to reveal the luminescence mechanism of the InGaAs WCC structure in more detail. The ESF is derived by collecting the photoluminescence (PL) spectra from the pump regions with different lengths. The ESF has an almost uniform distribution at different temperatures, of which the fluctuation range is ∼7.16 × 1010–3.36 × 1011 W−1 eV−1 s−1. In addition, the ESF with multi-peak characteristics is shown and analyzed according to indium-rich cluster and carrier-injected band-filling rules. It is generated by the multi-component active regions and the special asymmetric band structure caused by indium atom migration. Not only is a new experimental method for measuring ESF proposed in this paper, but also the band-filling rules of InGaAs WCC structures at different temperatures are revealed. This work is significant to promote and develop the new generation of semiconductor lasers with a WCC structure.
Advanced theoretical modeling methodologies for electrocatalyst design in sustainable energy conversion
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Wu Qilong , Han Yun , Guo Zhongyuan , Chen Jun , Liu Chuangwei
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical reactions are pivotal for energy conversion and storage to achieve a carbon-neutral and sustainable society, and optimal electrocatalysts are essential for their industrial applications. Theoretical modeling methodologies, such as density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD), efficiently assess electrochemical reaction mechanisms and electrocatalyst performance at atomic and molecular levels. However, its intrinsic algorithm limitations and high computational costs for large-scale systems generate gaps between experimental observations and calculation simulation, restricting the accuracy and efficiency of electrocatalyst design. Combining machine learning (ML) is a promising strategy to accelerate the development of electrocatalysts. The ML-DFT frameworks establish accurate property–structure–performance relations to predict and verify novel electrocatalysts' properties and performance, providing a deep understanding of reaction mechanisms. The ML-based methods also accelerate the solution of MD and DFT. Moreover, integrating ML and experiment characterization techniques represents a cutting-edge approach to providing insights into the structural, electronic, and chemical changes under working conditions. This review will summarize the DFT development and the current ML application status for electrocatalyst design in various electrochemical energy conversions. The underlying physical fundaments, application advancements, and challenges will be summarized. Finally, future research directions and prospects will be proposed to guide novel electrocatalyst design for the sustainable energy revolution.
Characterization and bacterial inactivation application of multiple pin-to-plate electrode-based DBD plasma driven by nanosecond-pulsed high voltage
Authors: Seong Min-Jeong , Park Kyu-Ri , Kim S. J. , Joh Hea-Min , Moon Hanul , Chung T. H.
Published: February 2025

A diffuse and large-area dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) filled with air and helium gas mixtures was generated by a unipolar nanosecond-pulsed high voltage. A large-gap multiple pin-to-plate electrode was employed to facilitate the insertion of well plates into the plasma discharge. The nanosecond high-voltage-pulsed discharge has unique advantages in producing a diffuse DBD plasma. We examined the changes in the plasma properties upon varying operating parameters such as the gas composition and flow rate, as well as the pulse voltage. Various types of liquid (de-ionized, tap, and saline water, as well as phosphate buffered saline and LB broth) were exposed to the DBD plasma. The physicochemical properties (pH and electrical conductivity) and concentrations of reactive species generated in the treated liquids (such as H2O2, NO2−, and O3, which play central roles in the aqueous-phase chemistry of plasma-treated liquids for bacterial inactivation) were measured as a function of the operating parameters. The nanosecond-pulsed DBD was observed to generate significantly higher level of reactive species in various types of liquid. For investigating the plasma treatment of liquids containing suspended microorganisms, 1 ml of Escherichia coli (E. coli) stock suspension was pipetted into 9 ml of DW. The resulting bacterial suspensions were treated with the DBD plasma for a selected time. Six-log E. coli reduction was achieved after 19 h of incubation. A DBD plasma generated in a gas mixture of ambient air and 2 slm helium exhibited an enhanced inactivation efficacy, which was correlated with the RONS concentration and pH in the plasma-treated liquids.
Combined effects of Hall and ion-slip currents and heat transfer on peristaltic transport of a copper–water nanofluid
Authors: Nowar Khalid , Halouani Borhen
Published: February 2025

This work has looked at theoretically the peristaltic transport of copper–water nanofluid across an asymmetric horizontal channel with a constant applied magnetic field. Heat transfer and Hall and ion-slip currents are also taken into account. Long wave length and low Reynolds number are presumptions used in mathematical modeling. Exact analytic solutions for the present model are obtained. The expressions for the velocity field, stream function, pressure gradient, pressure rise, temperature distribution, and nanoparticle concentration are computed. The trapping phenomena have been also discussed. Graphics were used in the research to demonstrate how various factors impact the flow quantities of interest. According to the results, raising the Hall parameter or adding copper nanoparticles causes the base fluid velocity to increase at the channel’s center while decreasing toward the channel’s walls. Furthermore, it was found that, by increasing the magnitude of nanoparticle volume fraction or by adding copper nanoparticles, the Hall parameter has a diminishing influence on the pressure gradient, as well as on the temperature of the base fluid. In addition, the number of trapped boluses increases in the upper half of the channel as the Hall parameter, the volume fraction of nanoparticles, or the Grashof number increases. Exploring the combined effects of heat transfer, Hall and ion-slip currents, and peristaltic transport of a copper–water nanofluid is important for expanding our knowledge of basic science concepts related to fluid dynamics and heat transfer, as well as for real-world engineering and technological applications.
Influence of multi-stage infrared heating on the efficiency and uniformity of asphalt pavement hot in-place recycling
Authors: Zhang Ruixuan , Yu Miao
Published: February 2025

To enhance heating uniformity and efficiency in the hot in-place recycling process of asphalt pavements, a multi-stage infrared intermittent heating method is developed through the creation of a physical and mathematical model for collaborative heating, analyzed using the finite element simulation software. This method is compared with a traditional single-step heating approach, with a focus on evaluating heating effects under various parameter configurations. Findings indicate that continuous and single-step intermittent infrared heating can cause asphalt pavement ignition and coking, resulting in severe asphalt aging. In contrast, multi-stage intermittent heating reduces maximum pavement surface temperatures as quenching intervals increase, though at the cost of prolonged total construction time and reduced heating efficiency. For two-step intermittent heating, a consistent cyclic heating period lowers the peak pavement temperature and reduces the heating time but significantly lengthens the total construction duration, thus impacting the overall efficiency. When assessing the construction quality, heating rate, efficiency, and energy consumption, the multi-stage intermittent heating method 1 demonstrates superiority over alternative approaches.
Probabilistic models for shear strength of circular and square concrete-filled steel tubes
Authors: Yu Yong , Wu Wenjun , Yan Jia , Zang Jianbo
Published: February 2025

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are pivotal in modern structural design, leveraging the synergistic properties of their materials while addressing structural shortcomings. However, forecasting their shear capacity remains a formidable challenge, owing to the intricate load transfer mechanisms involved. This study utilizes a Bayesian model updating technique, complemented by reliability analysis, drawing upon the most extensive shear test database to date for both circular and square CFST columns, encompassing 314 high-quality datasets. Through Bayesian updating, two explicit formulas for shear capacity estimation are derived and validated via reliability analysis, facilitating a comprehensive evaluation of load and resistance factor design. Key conclusions include the following: (a) Among existing empirical models, those of Mansouri and Lin demonstrate the highest predictive accuracy for shear capacity in circular and square columns, with R2 values of 0.920 and 0.964, although they exhibit relatively high coefficients of variation (COVs) of 0.162 and 0.172, respectively, in predicted-to-measured ratios. (b) Bayesian-derived formulas, incorporating both prior knowledge and empirical data, offer enhanced precision and physical relevance, achieving R2 values of 0.970 and 0.975, with lower COVs of 0.121 and 0.163 for circular and square columns, respectively. (c) The proposed models’ reliability indices exceed 3.7 under the resistance reduction factor method, meeting brittle failure safety criteria. In partial safety factor design, the square column formula is safe, while the circular column model slightly falls short. To meet safety standards, the study recommends increasing partial safety factors for concrete compressive strength and steel yield strength from 1.4 and 1.1 to 1.55 and 1.2, respectively.
Mixed-regime computational fluid dynamics using the moving boundary truncated grid method for the Boltzmann–Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook model
Authors: Li Ming-Yu , Lu Chun-Yaung , Chou Chia-Chun
Published: February 2025

We present an advanced moving boundary truncated grid method tailored to solve the Boltzmann–Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook equation for applications in computational fluid dynamics, emphasizing efficiency in multi-scale and rarefied gas dynamics. The truncated grid approach dynamically constrains computational resources to a significant, evolving sub-region of the phase space, allowing a targeted and computationally economical integration of the kinetic equation. First, accuracy of the truncated grid method is validated by modeling the relaxation dynamics of a rarefied gas, where the phase-space density evolution aligns excellently with the full grid reference solution but at a fraction of the computational cost. Extending the truncated grid approach to a mixed-regime problem, the solver captures transitions across the Euler, Navier–Stokes, and kinetic regimes within a far-from-equilibrium setting, yielding phase-space distributions and hydrodynamic variables that match benchmark solutions obtained with high-order schemes. Comparisons with full grid schemes underscore computational advantages of the truncated grid method, notably reducing the number of grid points without compromising solution accuracy. This study solidifies the truncated grid method as a versatile, high-performance tool for computational fluid dynamics.
Tip-clearance pressure fluctuations between conventional pump-jet propulsor and pump-jet propulsor with rotor blade crown in non-uniform inflow
Authors: Xue Lin , Zou Donglin , Jiao Chunxiao , Dong Xiaoqian , Zhang Zhongli , Ta Na , Rao Zhushi
Published: February 2025

The suppression of the pressure fluctuations in the tip clearance of the pump-jet propulsor is of great significance in improving its noise radiation level. This study considers adding rotor blade crown structure to propose a new type of pump-jet propulsor. The hydrodynamic performance of conventional pump-jet propulsor and pump-jet propulsor with rotor blade crown was analyzed in non-uniform inflow conditions by conducting experimental tests and numerical simulation. The results show that after the introduction of the rotor blade crown, the open water coefficients of the two types of pump-jet propulsors show similar trends. However, the thrust and torque coefficients and the rotor blade propulsion efficiency of pump-jet propulsor with rotor blade crown are slightly smaller than those of the conventional pump-jet propulsor. Furthermore, the temporal and spatial distribution of the pulsating fluctuations of the blade tip clearance in the flow direction is changed, and the pressure fluctuations inside and near the clearance are suppressed. The line spectra characteristic of the pressure fluctuations of the blade tip clearance is all at the rotor blade passing frequency and its harmonics, and line spectra are all reduced to varying degrees. Theoretically, the range of rotor blade passing frequency line spectrum magnitude reduction is 2.78–24.07 dB, while the range of magnitude reduction obtained in the experimental test is 0.66–19.42 dB. This study provides an important theoretical basis and engineering reference for improving the noise radiation level of the pump-jet propulsors.
Short-term sustainable collection of eggs and nestlings of the endangered Carnaby’s cockatoo (Zanda latirostris)
Authors: Meagher Karen , Bencini Roberta , Mawson Peter R.
Published: February 2025

Context Extinction rates for Australian species are a major concern that requires new approaches to conserving species. Sustainable collecting, which is taking individuals of a species from the wild without affecting overall population numbers, has emerged as one method of placing a value on endangered species, that can help protect them from extinction. Aims We evaluated a case study to sustainably collect an endangered cockatoo species, Carnaby’s cockatoo (Zanda latirostris). Methods A 3-year program was conducted where Carnaby’s cockatoo eggs or nestlings were collected from the wild, hand reared and a sub-set sold on the domestic aviculture market to drive down prices and reduce incentives for poaching. Key results Fledging success of the source population was not significantly different from unharvested populations (χ2 = 3.02, d.f. = 2, P = 0.221). The unit market price of Carnaby’s cockatoos decreased from AUD4500 in 1996 to AUD2800 in 2018 (AUD1658 in 1996 dollar terms adjusted for inflation) following the program (P < 0.001). There were other possible explanations for the fall in market price, which occurred concomitant with this study, and limited data available on poaching showed no difference in the number of poaching cases before and after the program. Conclusions We demonstrated that Carnaby’s cockatoos can be sustainably harvested from the wild in the short-term, but only with the benefit of sound knowledge of the species’ ecology. Implications This program is the first study to show that an endangered cockatoo species can be successfully collected from the wild.
Characteristics and associations between sexting and high-risk sexual behaviors among college students in Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Huang Duoqin , Wan Xin , Wang Hong , Chen Jiangqing , Zheng Yanan , Li Li , Gong Xi
Published: February 2025

Background To explore the characteristics, influencing factors, and associations between sexting and high-risk sexual behaviors among college students in Jiangxi Province, China, providing a basis for promoting sexual health education and preventing high-risk sexual behaviors among college students. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to conduct an anonymous survey on 13,976 students from 15 universities in Jiangxi Province from November to December 2023. Chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression analyses were employed to investigate the influencing factors and associations between sexting and high-risk sexual behaviors. Results The reported rates of sexting and high-risk sexual behaviors among college students were 12.7% and 11.0%, respectively. Regression results indicated that the influencing factors for both behaviors included sex, grade, major, sexual orientation, knowledge of HIV/AIDS and family upbringing methods (P-values all <0.05). College students with experiences of sexting were more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors (OR 16.260, 95% CI: 14.032–18.842), including unprotected sex (OR 8.140, 95% CI: 6.994–9.472), multiple sexual partners (OR 8.215, 95% CI: 6.394–10.554), casual sex (OR 17.104, 95% CI: 13.302–21.994) and commercial sex (OR 40.910, 95% CI: 26.660–62.776), and were also less likely to intend to use condoms in the future (OR 1.391, 95% CI: 1.171–1.652). Conclusion The prevalence of sexting and high-risk sexual behaviors among college students in Jiangxi Province should not be overlooked, and those with sexting experiences are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Educators should enhance sexual health education and safety control of sexual behaviors among college students.
“So, you’re speaking Dutch?”
Authors: De Soete Alexander
Published: February 2025

Lipsky’s (1980) notion of street-level bureaucracy can be used as a novel approach to studying the multilingual practice dimensions of English-medium instruction (EMI) classroom interaction. Existing work has demonstrated how Lipsky’s framework allows us to carefully consider on-the-ground language policy construction by EMI content lecturers, painting a picture of the lecturer as a lens through which institutional language policy is reflected or — at times — refracted in situated classroom practice. This requires an interactional perspective sensitive to the management of frame and participant alignment. In this article, I investigate how negotiation of language policy is brought about interactionally in the EMI classroom. The dataset contains 23 classroom recordings which capture the interactions between six lecturers and their students in two EMI engineering programs at a Belgian university. The data are analyzed interactionally through a combination of Lipsky’s model and frame analysis. This interdisciplinary approach brings into focus the interactional dynamics and distribution of negotiation sequences. In this way, this article contributes to our understanding of the agentive role of the EMI content lecturer while simultaneously valorizing context-sensitive translanguaging in the globalized linguistic-educational practice of English-medium instruction.
Citizens’ polarised discourses on climate change and mobility
Authors: Morales-López Esperanza , Floyd Alan
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this paper is to analyse a conflict between a group of Barcelona residents and the then mayor, Ada
Colau, concerning the transformation of an area of the city into a green zone, which would involve the loss of public parking
spaces. For data-gathering and analysis we have used ethnographic research and Critical Discourse Analysis. Our analysis reveals
that the majority of citizens involved, by means of the different resources (ontological metaphors and various types of
arguments), activate different frames with the aim of disputing the mayor’s standpoint. Our interpretation demonstrates that, from
a position of climate change denial, these citizens do not explicitly deny scientific evidence, but do oppose radical changes to
their own neighbourhood and lifestyle. Finally, we conclude with a brief reflection on the methodology used and on the need for a
greater interconnection between discourse analysis and other social disciplines related to this topic.
Filtering attitude series data and extracting angular rates with moving-window least-squares polynomial fitting
Authors: Tang Conghao , Chang Guobin , Zhang Siyu
Published: February 2025

Data series of attitudes determined using vector measurements are widely available in many satellite missions. These data series are reprocessed to provide filtered attitude estimates with improved accuracies. A moving-window polynomial fitting method is employed. First, the attitude data within a moving window are transformed to small-magnitude relative attitudes with respect to a chosen reference frame. Second, these relative attitudes, often unit-norm quaternions, are reparameterized as Gibbs vectors. Third, the parameters of the empirically chosen polynomials representing the kinematics of the relative Gibbs vectors within the moving window are estimated with least-squares method. Fourth, filtered attitudes can be readily constructed with the Gibbs vectors calculated with the polynomial model at any time instant not necessarily those of the data points. Furthermore, with the Gibbs vectors and their derivatives calculated using the polynomial model, the angular rates can be readily extracted also at any time instant, as byproducts. Experiments with simulation and real data are conducted; and the results show the performance of the proposed method in terms of both attitude filtering and angular rates extraction.
POF helical structure: a non-contact approach for wide-range force measurements based on the coupling method
Authors: Hussain Sadam , Ghaffar Abdul , Kazi Mehar Ali , Alshehri Hashim M , Jianping Yu , Abbasi Shaista Jabeen , Mehdi Irfan , Shah Intizar Ali , Hakro Maqsood , Ali Ayaz
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a non-contact force-measuring sensor design that utilizes a polymer optical fiber. The sensor design uses two separate fibers (i.e. sensor input and sensor output fibers). The sensor input fiber is helically wound around a supportive circular pipe, with aim of creating bend losses at every bend loop. The sensor output fiber gains advantages by coupling the variable optical power from different bend loops of the sensor input fiber. The variable amount of optical power coupling is directly associated with the applied force on the spring, which serves as an intermediary in transferring force to the sensor. Further, for variable ranges of forces, three different springs are used, which sustain variable force ranges (0–20, 0–40 and 0–60 N), respectively. The proposed sensor design addresses the critical need for force sensors capable of effectively measuring force across a wide dynamic range. The results of this study support the sensor design, which has a wide range of force-measuring capabilities, from low to high, with a close and repeatable response. The low-range force measurement (0–20 N) indicates the sensor’s high sensitivity of 0.567 µW N−1. Further, the sensor is also capable of a large force measuring range (0–60 N) with sensitivity of 0.189 µW N−1.
Temporal and spatial characteristics of a 13.6 nm EUV light source
Authors: Durkan Stephen M , Varvarezos Lazaros , Butler Aoife P B , Murray Gemma , Campbell James N , Cummins Seamus , McGarry Ross J , Shaw Matthew T , Pryce Mary T , Costello John T
Published: February 2025

Spatial and temporal characteristics of a table-top scale laser produced plasma formed on the surface of a tungsten target are reported. The emitted radiation was spectrally filtered to a narrow band of ca. 1 nm full width half maximum (FWHM) centred on a wavelength of 13.6 nm using a combination of Zr thin film transmission filters and a Mo–Si multilayer mirror (MLM). The temporal profile of the 13.6 nm flux was measured for different laser fluences while the spatial profile of the emission was sampled in one region using a back illuminated charge coupled device (CCD), both done with the aid of a flat MLM. The emitting plasma was imaged at 13.6 nm by replacing the flat MLM with a curved mirror which returned an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source size of up to ca. 130 µms. The peak flux was estimated to be ca. 1014 photons nm−1 sr−1. For comparison purposes the W target was replaced by a solid Sn target which produced, on average, almost double the EUV flux at 13.6 nm, albeit with greater shot to shot jitter.
A neighbor surface variation variance (NSVV) based key points selection method for the pose estimation of unstructured terrain
Authors: Su Lixuan , Li Xiaolu , Hu Haidong , Zhou Yier , Yin Fang
Published: February 2025

Proximity navigation of asteroid exploration missions requires high accurate point cloud registration for pose estimation of unstructured terrain. To enhance the registration accuracy, a neighbor surface variation variance (NSVV) based key points selection method is proposed to accurately extract key points and improve the pose estimation accuracy of the unstructured terrain. The proposed method extracts key points by top-percentage NSVV ranking in ascending order, which generates high-quality matching pairs with high data removal percentage and reduces the registration time-consuming. The matching pairs are further used for the coarse and fine registration to obtain the optimal pose estimation. The simulation experiment results show that the rotation error and translation error with 90% data removal percentage are 0.692° and 0.0513 m, which can be reduced by 59.44% and 45.48%, respectively. The proposed method offers an efficient, accurate and practical solution for unstructured terrain target pose estimation, paving the way for further advancements in proximity navigation of asteroid exploration missions.
Sample-imbalanced wafer map defects classification based on Jacobian regularized generative adversarial network
Authors: Li Jialin , Tao Ran , Li Shirong , Li Yuxiong , Huang Xianzhen
Published: February 2025

Wafer defect classification is a key component in the wafer manufacturing process. Under stable operating conditions and sufficient test data, an effective wafer defect classification model can help engineers quickly and accurately judge and solve problems in the production process. However, the complexity of the production process leads to serious imbalance between various types of defects, which greatly reduces the performance of traditional defect classification method. This paper proposes a Jacobi regularized generative adversarial network (JRGAN) for sample imbalanced wafer image defect generation. The JRGAN architecture includes a generator, a discriminator, a Jacobi regularization term, and an auxiliary classifier. The model takes random noise and sample labels as input, and integrates the Jacobi regularization term into the generator to minimize the statistical difference between the generated image and the real image. The regularization term in the discriminator improves the robustness of the network training process. This paper uses the MIR-WM811K and MixedWM38 datasets collected from real factories to verify the effectiveness of the JRGAN model proposed in this paper on the residual neural network (ResNet). Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the quality of generated samples and improve the accuracy of wafer defect classification. The defect classification accuracy in the MIR-WM811K and MixedWM38 datasets is 97.14% and 97.38%, which is 2.21% and 0.29% higher than that of the original datasets.
Engineered ultra-wide bandgap Sm2O3/MWCNT nanocomposites for deep-ultra violet photodetectors
Authors: Sharaf Afsal , Nair Shantikumar , Thoutam Laxman Raju
Published: February 2025

The current work focuses on the synthesis and control of cubic vs monoclinic phase structures of Sm2O3 via., cost-effective solution-based sol–gel technique. The structural analysis of the as-synthesized Sm2O3 powder reveals the phase-change from initial mixture of cubic and monoclinic phases (82:18) to almost cubic phase (96:4), with increase of polyethylene glycol 600 additive from 2% to 25% respectively. The dark-current of the films made from as-synthesized Sm2O3 powder revealed no measurable current, indicates its high defect tolerance against growth conditions. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are added as conducting scaffold into Sm2O3 insulating matrix, to facilitate carrier transport for light-generated carriers, upon UV exposure. The dark-current of the photodetectors increased from nano-ampere to milli-ampere range with increase in MWCNT weight concentration from 1% to 10% respectively. A nominal photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) of around 2 is observed for different MWCNT concentrations in Sm2O3 on glass substrates, upon UV light exposure. The PDCR is further increased to a maximum of 5.6 with the increase in grain-structure of Sm2O3 within the nanocomposite via., substrate-engineering. The observed PDCR of 5.6 is the first reported value (to the best of our knowledge) for Sm2O3-based nanocomposite material towards deep-UV photodetector applications. The experimental results suggest incorporation of conductive nanocomposites into ultra-wide bandgap oxide semiconductor materials seems to be a feasible and promising approach for the design of future cost-effective deep-UV photodetectors.
CP asymmetry from the effect of the isospin symmetry breaking during B-meson decay
Authors: yao wan-ying , Lü Gang , Guo Xin-Heng 郭新恒 , Ou Hai-Feng
Published: February 2025

The direct CP asymmetry in quasi-two-body decays of $B \rightarrow (V\rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{-})P $ is investigated in the perturbative QCD method, where P represents a pseudoscalar meson and V refers to $\rho$, $\omega$ and $\phi$ mesons, respectively. We present the amplitude of the quasi-two-body decay process and investigate the effects of mixed resonances involving $\rho^{0}-\omega$, $\rho^{0}-\phi$ and $\omega-\phi$, while considering the impact of isospin symmetry breaking. We observe a significant CP asymmetry when the invariant mass of the $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ pair within the resonance ranges of $\rho$, $\omega$ and $\phi$ mesons. Consequently, we proceed to quantify the regional CP asymmetry in these resonance regions. A significant difference is observed when comparing results obtained with and without the interference of the three vector mesons and isospin conservation. The CP asymmetry results obtained from the three-body decay process, without interference due to isospin conservation by the perturbative QCD method, are in agreement with the newly updated data acquired by the LHCb experiment. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.