bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction of cerebral lactate level in 3-month-old APP/PS1 mouse: The relationship with Aβ production
Authors: Zhang Mao , Wang Yanyan , Chen Xuedan , Guan Xingying , Dai Limeng , Bai Yun , Guo Hong
Published: November 2022

Lactate provides signals that modulate neuronal functions, including excitability, plasticity and memory consolidation. This process is mediated by its specific receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81), which activates phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase /protein kinase B/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (PI3K/Akt/CREB) signaling pathway. However, it is recognized that cerebral lactate content is reduced at the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Besides, continiously production of amyloid beta (Aβ) induces synaptic dysfunction. Here, this study focuses on the decrease of cerebral lactate content, and its relation with Aβ production at early stage of AD. Firstly, it identifies a decrease of lactate level, GPR81 and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/CREB, a reduction of deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), an increase of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and Aβ in the cortex and hippocampus of early AD model mice. Then, through correlation analysis, it is found that reduction of cerebral lactate level is positively correlative with the decreased phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/CREB. Especially, phosphorylation of CREB is positively correlative with DNMT1 expression, and negatively correlated with BACE1 and Aβ level. These results signify that reduction of cerebral lactate content contributes to suppression of PI3K/Akt/CREB signaling pathway, leading to DNMT1 downregulation. As a result, BACE1 and Aβ are increased in the cortex and hippocampus of early AD model mice. Hence, this study proposes a novel insight that lactate reduction contributes to Aβ production at early period of AD. The underlying mechanism is that reduced lactate can hardly activate GPR81-PI3K/Akt/CREB, which results in DNMT1 reduction, and then increasing BACE1 level and Aβ production (Graphic Abstract).
Crucial Role of Podocyte Acid Sphingomyelinase in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Glomerular Injury during Obesity
Authors: Huang Dandan , Kidd Jason M. , Zou Yao , Wu Xiaoyuan , Gehr Todd W.B. , Li Pin-Lan , Li Guangbi
Published: November 2022

The activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been reported to importantly contribute to glomerular inflammation and injury under different pathological conditions such as obesity. However, the mechanism mediating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in podocytes and subsequent glomerular injury remains poorly understood. Given that the ceramide signaling pathway has been reported to be implicated in obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG), the present study was designed to test whether the ceramide producing enzyme, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), determines NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory exosome release in podocytes leading to glomerular inflammation and injury during ORG. In Smpd1trg/Podocre mice, podocyte-specific overexpression of Smpd1 gene which encodes ASM significantly exaggerated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in podocytes and immune cell infiltration in glomeruli compared to WT/WT mice. Smpd1 gene deletion, however, blocked these pathological changes induced by HFD in Smpd1−/− mice. Accompanied with NLRP3 inflammasome activation and glomerular inflammation, urinary excretion of exosomes containing podocyte marker and NLRP3 inflammasome products (IL-1β and IL-18) in Smpd1trg/Podocre mice on the HFD was much higher than that in WT/WT mice. In contrast, Smpd1−/− mice on the HDF had significantly lower urinary exosome excretion than WT/WT mice. Correspondingly, HFD-induced podocyte injury, glomerular sclerosis, and proteinuria were more severe in Smpd1trg/Podocre mice, but milder in Smpd1−/− mice compared to WT/WT mice. Using podocytes isolated from these mice, we demonstrated that visfatin, a prototype pro-inflammatory adipokine, induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and enrichment of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) containing IL-1β in podocytes, which was much stronger in podocytes from Smpd1trg/Podocre mice, but weaker in those from Smpd1−/− mice than WT/WT podocytes. By quantitative analysis of exosomes, it was found that upon visfatin stimulation podocytes from Smpd1trg/Podocre mice released much more exosomes containing NLRP3 inflammasome products, but podocytes from Smpd1−/− mice released much less exosomes compared to WT/WT podocytes. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrated that visfatin inhibited lysosome-MVB interaction in podocytes, indicating impaired MVB degradation by lysosome. The inhibition of lysosome-MVB interaction by visfatin was amplified by Smpd1 gene overexpression but attenuated by Smpd1 gene deletion. Taken together, our results suggest that ASM in podocytes is a crucial regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory exosome release that instigate glomerular inflammation and injury during obesity.
A framework of ecological sensitivity assessment for the groundwater system in the Mi River basin, Eastern China
Authors: Liu Yuyu , Gao Yixiong , Fu Yongfei , Xu Zhenghe , Li Qingguo , Wang Hai
Published: November 2022

As a critical natural resource, groundwater plays an important role in the stability of the geological environment and the balance of the ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to delineate the ecological sensitivity of the groundwater system in the Mi River basin of Eastern China and to provide a basis for future decision-makers to regulate groundwater. First, based on the available information and the specific situation of the study area, the evaluation index system of groundwater ecological sensitivity was constructed by selecting the influencing factors from four levels: groundwater system structure, natural environment, water resources, and social development. Then, the weights were assigned by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy method, and the ecological sensitivity of the groundwater system was assessed by a geographical information system (GIS). The results showed that the ecologically moderately sensitive areas of the groundwater system, with an area of 1740.68 km2, accounting for 29.26% of the total, were mainly located in the plain areas of Linqu and Qingzhou and the coastal areas. The highly sensitive and extremely sensitive areas, accounting for 34.97%, were distributed in the midstream and downstream areas of the basin. The insensitive and mildly sensitive areas, with an area of 2127.96 km2, accounting for 35.77% of the total, were mainly located in the upstream areas of the basin. The results provide a basis for environmental protection in the Mi River basin and a reference for the protection and rational utilization of groundwater in the study area.
Effects of a locally administered risedronate/autogenous bone graft combination on bone healing in a critical-size rabbit defect model
Authors: Özer Taha , Guliyeva Vusala , Aktaş Alper , Barış Emre , Ocak Mert
Published: November 2022

Background
Risedronate is a bisphosphonate with poor oral absorption. An extremely hydrophilic molecule that has a high affinity for bone, risedronate also inhibits the farnesyl diphosphate synthase enzyme, inhibiting osteoclastic activity and reducing bone turnover and resorption. Autogenous bone grafts contain osteogenic cells and osteoinductive factors that are essential for bone regeneration and are therefore considered the gold standard. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of local risedronate administered with autogenous bone grafts on the healing of defects in rabbit skulls using histological, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and three-dimensional radiological methods.
Methods
Two 10-mm diameter critical-size defects were created in 16 rabbits and filled with autogenous bone graft and autogenous bone graft + 5 mg risedronate in the control (C) and risedronate (RIS) groups, respectively. Residual graft, new bone, soft tissue areas, and bone volume were evaluated in the 4- and 8-week study groups.
Results
There were no statistically significant differences in bone graft, new bone, or soft tissue area between the groups at 4 weeks (p > 0.05). At 8 weeks, the new bone area was significantly higher in the RIS group than in the C group (p < 0.05). The h scores obtained from sialoprotein and osteopontin did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05). The radiologically measured total bone volume was significantly higher in the RIS group than in the C group at both time points (p < 0.05)
Conclusions
In this study, risedronate enhanced the osteoconductive properties of autogenous bone grafts and rapidly created better-quality bone. This could improve future patient outcomes.
Earnings Management Ethicality and Application in the Kenyan Public Sector: A Critical Review
Authors: Odek Robert , Kimanzi Kalundu
Published: November 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study was to critically review various empirical literature in regard to earnings management ethicality and its application in public sector organizations in the Kenyan context with the aim of identifying the gaps and areas for further research. Methodology: The study applied a semi-systematic or narrative review approach by relying on previous publications (2008–2022) on the topic under discussion. This current study applied thematic/content analysis to form opinions about the deductions from the study. Findings: Results shows key motivators toward earnings management to include; managers engaging in earnings management as a result of being sure of not being observed or detected by the public, avoiding reporting losses or avoiding showing any decreases in the reported earnings, meeting analyst forecasts, avoiding payment of higher taxes, to enable access to debt, contracting motivations, and to achieve bonuses tied to performance. Moreover, findings had it that there is no consensus in regard to the ethicality of earnings management. Hence legitimate and illegitimate management of earnings. The study also evidenced that both accrual and real earnings management techniques are applied by managers in the company’s economic reports. Additionally, there are mixed results as to whether creative accounting is practiced in the public sector or not, and with reference to Kenya, no studies on earnings management ethicality has ever been conducted. Implications: The findings from the many empirical studies reviewed herein are therefore helpful in addressing the research gaps identified. Therefore being the limited research on earnings management ethicality in Kenya and globally, it is recommended that scholars to still conduct further studies on earnings management and especially in the public sector firms. Value of the Study: It contributes to strategy makers like the Kenya Accounting Standards Board in the formulation and implementation of accounting principles. It also forms a basis for further research in the management of earnings and its ethicality among public sector firms. That is, no other study had been done in Kenya and just a few studies have been carried out globally.
Contact time and disinfectant formulation significantly impact the efficacies of disinfectant towelettes against Candida auris on hard, non-porous surfaces.
Authors: Voorn Maxwell G. , Kelley Alyssa M. , Chaggar Gurpreet K. , Li Xioabao , Teska Peter J. , Oliver Haley F.
Published: November 2022

Background
Candida auris is a globally emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen. It causes healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and can be transmitted through contaminated surfaces and equipment. Pre-wetted disinfectant towelettes are increasingly used for infection control. Our objective was to test the efficacies of EPA registered disinfectant towelette products, with or without fungicidal claims, against C. auris, on hard, non-porous surfaces below, at, and beyond label contact times. or longer contact times. We hypothesized that towelette disinfection efficacy against C. auris would be significantly influenced by chemistry and contact time.
Methods
We tested one hydrogen peroxide (HP), three quaternary ammonium (QAC), and one quaternary ammonium plus alcohol (QAC-alcohol)-based disinfectant towelette products, with or without EPA registered fungicidal claims, against C. auris Satoh et Makimura (ATCC MYA-5001). All products were tested at 30 s, one-, two-, three- and 10-min contact time to compare their overall efficacies on a defined surface area following modifications to standard EPA protocol MB-33-00.
Results
HP-based disinfectant towelettes were more efficacious against C. auris than the QAC-alcohol-based disinfectant towelettes irrespective of tested contact times. Thirty s contact time was significantly less effective in reducing C. auris from the Formica surface compared to one-, two-, three-, and 10-min contact times. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the level of disinfection among one-min and longer contact times regardless of product chemistry. None of the products achieved a standard six-log10 reduction at any tested contact times.
Conclusion
Overall, the HP-based disinfectant towelette was significantly more fungicidal than the QAC-alcohol-based disinfectant towelette. For all product types, 30 s contact time did not achieve the same level of disinfection as one-min or longer contact times. Overall, disinfectant towelette efficacy is dependent upon product formulation and contact time.
Multiple Equilibrium States in Large Arrays of Globally Coupled Resonators
Authors: Borra Chaitanya , Bajaj Nikhil , Rhoads Jeffrey F. , Quinn D. Dane
Published: November 2022

This work considers the response of a globally coupled array of oscillators, each with cubic nonlinear stiffness, in the presence of global reactive and dissipative coupling. Based on the continuum formulation for this system first presented in C. Borra et al (Journal of Sound and Vibration, 393:232–239, 2017), in the present work the individual resonators are excited to sufficient amplitude to allow for multiple coexisting equilibrium distributions. The method of multiple scales is then applied to the system to describe evolution equations for the amplitude and phase of each resonator. Because of the global nature of the coupling, this leads to an integro-differential equation for the stationary populations. Moreover, the characteristic equation used to determine the stability of these states is also an integral equation and admits both a discrete and continuous spectrum for its eigenvalues.
The equilibrium structure of the system is studied as the reactive and dissipative coupling parameters are varied. For specific families of the equilibrium distributions two-parameter bifurcation sheets can be constructed. These sheets are connected as individual resonators transition between different branches for the corresponding individual resonators. The resulting one-parameter bifurcation curves are then understood in terms of the collections of these identified bifurcation sheets. The analysis is demonstrated for a system of N = 10 coupled resonators with mass detuning and extended results with N = 100 coupled resonators are illustrated.
Service request monitoring using Petri nets and model at runtime
Authors: Bouhamed Mohammed Mounir , Kamel Oussama , Dı́az Gregorio , Chaoui Allaoua
Published: November 2022

The service computing paradigm has been widely adopted in various domains, such as in Web applications, Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT). Service providers offer services to their clients depending on their functional and non-functional requirements. Generally, the process of using a service consists of three steps discovery, selection, and invocation. This process is subject to many variables. For instance, no service with the required properties was found implying a requirement update, or just the invocation does not work. Therefore, the service monitoring is a necessary feature to be included by service providers. In this paper, we propose a model at-runtime approach to monitor this three-steps-process. We specify the proposed model using the Petri net formalism and the Flexible framework. Our approach allows service managers to monitor the three steps, change requirements when no service can satisfy the current requirements, and select other services when invocations fail. The monitoring system notifies service managers about the request state, the requirement changes required, and the invocation failures based on the Petri net marking. In addition, Python expressions can be used at runtime. Finally, a case study illustrates the approach by the implementation of a compression service.
Weight Estimation of Metallic Object using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Sujatha Karimisetty , Rao A. Arjuna , Rao P. V. Nageswara
Published: November 2022

Weight is an important property of an object which is used to manipulate an object efficiently. Approximating weight of an object is the key area which involves many scientific calculations. However, manual calculations involve many overheads and are not reliable. Recently some computerised techniques are used but they require huge input based on assumptions. Weight estimation of Shaped Object using Image processing Techniques is a prominent solution which targets this problem. Image processing reduces this burden and can be used effectively. Initially, the shape of the object is identified by capturing the image and applying boundary detection and pattern matching. Two methodologies are implemented in classification of images, classical Pattern Matching Technique and Convolutional neural network Then by accepting the dimensions of the object and the predefined values for density of materials the weight estimation can be carried out. This paper briefly discusses the various weight estimation techniques for different shapes such as Cylinders, Cubes and Cones which is efficiently calculated after detection. This problem can be successfully applied for weight estimation of various steel castings used in automobile and oil refinery industries. Based on weight, liquid metal will be melted in furnaces for pouring into moulds.
An Improved Ant-Lion Optimization for Deep and Handcrafted Feature Selection in MR Brain Tumor Classification
Authors: Saman Sangeetha , Narayanan Swathi Jamjala
Published: November 2022

Early diagnosis of brain tumors is essential for successful treatment and mortality prevention. The standard method for diagnosing brain tumors is magnetic resonance imaging. Due to the intricate structure of the brain's anatomy, it was difficult to segment and categorize the various types of brain tumors. Moreover, brain MRI contains a significant number of redundant or irrelevant features, classification algorithms struggle to effectively discover patterns in data not having the use of a feature selection algorithm. In this work, we propose a new wrapper feature selection technique for brain tumor classification. Before segmentation, pre-processing is first applied to the input images. The tumor is segmented using active contours, which are driven by laplacian of gaussian energy and optimal region scalable fitting energy. Hand-crafted features using the Histogram of oriented gradient, Gray level co-occurrence matrix, Gray level run length matrix, and deep features using the ResNet50 model are extracted from the segmented brain images. An improved ant lion optimization method (IALO) is proposed for the selection of the best features. Lastly, we classified brain tumors by using Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes, and Recurrent Neural Networks using two publicly available datasets. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 99.59% for BRATS and 99.18% for J.cheng brain images respectively. The proposed algorithm's performance was further compared with existing swarm intelligence-based metaheuristic optimization algorithms. From the experimental results, it is observed that the proposed IALO-based RNN method outperforms the existing methods and effectively removes the least significant features while improving classification accuracy.
The Effect of Online Education on Hidden Cirriculum During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Medical Faculties
Authors: Tak Ayşegül Yabacı , Ercan İlker , Özçelik Semra , Güldoğan Emek , Kaya Mehmet Onur , Kalaycıoğlu Oya , Karadeniz Pınar Günel
Published: November 2022

Phenomenon: The hidden curriculum in medical education determines what kind of physicians students will become. Although the formal program affects students to become physicians, the hidden cirriculum has a much greater effect on this issue. If a medical faculty wants to improve the quality of the physicians, it should be able to reveal and develop the hidden curriculum of the faculty.
Approach: In our study, it is aimed to reveal the hidden structure in medical faculties by applying the “Hidden Cirriculum Scale” to 344 students studying in different medical faculties in Turkey.
Findings: It has been seen that the preference of specialization of the students who adapt to hidden cirriculum is in favor of internal and surgical medical sciences, that is, their professional adaptation is more. In addition, it is observed that the students studying in the upper classes are more adaptable to the program.
Insights: Studies on hidden cirriculum education in medical faculties can provide innovative insights into medical education. It can increase the awareness of physicians in choosing their fields of science and their desire to be a good physician. In order to increase the quality of graduates of medical faculties and to train good physicians, students' awareness and adaptation of hidden cirriculum is necessary, therefore, an unwritten comprehensive medical faculty curriculum is of great importance in both online and face-to-face education.
Moraea sisyrinchium inhibits proliferation, cell cycle, and migration of cancerous cells and decreases angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane
Authors: Rashidi Roghayeh , Montazeri Ala , Soukhtanloo Mohammad , Ghasemian Shirin , Amiri Mohammad Sadegh , Hasanpour Maede , Einafshar Elham , Ghorbani Ahmad
Published: November 2022

Objective
Experimental studies reported that some plants in the genus of Moraea (Iridaceae family) show anticancer multiform and HepG2 liver cancer cells.
Methods
The cells were incubated potential. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Moraea sisyrinchium on U87 Glioblastoma for 24 with hydro alcoholic extract of the stem, flower, and bulb of Moraea sisyrinchium. The cell proliferation, cell cycle, and migration were determined by MTT assay, propidium iodide staining, and scratch assay, respectively. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determining the levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, and angiogenesis were evaluated by the gelatin zymography, Western blotting, and model of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, respectively.
Results
The extracts of the flower, stem, and bulb significantly decreased the proliferation of HepG2 and U87 cells. This effect was more for U87 than for HepG2 and for bulb and stem than for flower. In U87 cells, the bulb extract increased oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Also, this extract suppressed the migration ability of HepG2 and U87 cells, which was associated with the inhibition of MMP2 activity. In addition, it significantly reduced the number and diameter of vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of xanthones (bellidifolin, mangiferin), flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin), isoflavones (iridin,tectorigenin),and phytosterols (e.g., stigmasterol) in the bulb extract.
Conclusion
The extract of Moraea sisyrinchium bulb decreased the proliferation and survival of cancer cells by inducing oxidative stress. The extract also reduced the migration ability of the cells and inhibited angiogenesis.
The Effect of Corrective Feedbacks on Iranian EFL Learners’ Interlanguage Pragmatics Development
Authors: Hafez Fateme , Memari Mehran
Published: November 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of corrective feedbacks on Iranian EFL learners’ interlanguage pragmatic development in the case of invitation acceptance and declination. To do so, three intact experimental groups: recast group (N = 13), metalinguistic group (N = 17) and clarification request group (N = 12) were selected from an English institute based on convenience sampling. Before the treatment, three groups participated in a dialogic extended discourse as pretest. The dialogues of invitation in the case of both acceptance and declination were taken from Top Notch, American English File, English Result, and Four Corners books. For scoring learners’ performance, teacher used two checklists of pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic knowledge based on the 5-item Likert-scale ranging from inappropriate to most appropriate were used. The treatment sessions were held three times a week and each session took 60 minutes, for a total of a month. The results reveal that corrective feedback had significant effect on ILP development; moreover, the metalinguistic group outperformed the recast and clarification request groups. Hence, metalinguistic corrective feedback is more effective than recast and clarification corrective feedbacks regarding Iranian EFL learners’ interlanguage pragmatic development in the case of invitation acceptance and declination.
Descriptive Study of the Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) Surveillance System in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyambayo Priscilla P M , Manyevere Rumbidzai , Chirinda Libert , Zifamba Edlyne N , Marekera Steny , Nyamandi Tatenda , Mehta Ushma , Gold Michael S
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Functional national systems that monitor Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) are vital for implementing evidence-based vaccination policy while ensuring the safe access to these life-saving technologies. These systems can counteract vaccine hesitancy by increasing public trust and uptake in vaccination minimizing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Ensuring that these systems function optimally is a critical public health imperative. This is a novel study evaluating AEFI surveillance system including causality assessment, in Zimbabwe.
Aim:This study provides a review of Zimbabwe’s national AEFI surveillance system since its launch in 1998, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement.
Method: We conducted an in-depth analysis of all AEFI reports received until 2021, assessing reporting trends and overall performance of the AEFI system in terms of investigation, causality assessment. The WHO Global Benchmarking Tool (GBT) was used to assess regulatory performance in terms of AEFI surveillance. Duplications were excluded and reports with evidence of AEFI(s) after vaccination were included.
Results: There was a steady increase of AEFI reports per annum particularly from 2006 to 2021 with a more dramatic increase during the COVID-19 epidemic with an AEFI reporting ratio of 43.46/million adults for COVID-19 vaccinations in 2021. The reporting ratio exceeded the WHO recommended minimum AEFI reporting ratio of 10 per 100000 surviving infants during eleven years (47.84%) out of the twenty-three years since inception of the surveillance. The GBT assessment demonstrated that the AEFI surveillance system evolved for all manufacturers or license holders.
Conclusion: Close partnership between the immunization program and regulatory authority has enhanced AEFI surveillance in Zimbabwe. Incomplete AEFI case investigations for and timely AEFI detection are challenges that need to be addressed. System strengthening should include consideration of digital innovations to improve detection, optimizing case investigation of serious AEFI including post-mortems and utilizing VigiPoint disproportionate analysis for signal detection.
Gymnodinium catenatum paralytic shellfish toxin production and photobiological responses under marine heat waves
Authors: Lopes Vanessa M. , Court Mélanie , Seco Martim Costa , Borges Francisco O. , Vicente Bernardo , Lage Sandra , Braga Ana Catarina , Duarte Bernardo , Santos Catarina Frazão , Amorim Ana , Costa Pedro Reis , Rosa Rui
Published: November 2022

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have doubled in frequency since the 1980s and are projected to be exacerbated during this century. MHWs have been shown to trigger harmful algal blooms (HABs), with severe consequences to marine life and human populations. Gymnodinium catenatum, a paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) producer inhabits temperate and tropical coastal waters. This study aims to understand, for the first time, how MHWs impact several parameters relating to cell growth and toxin production of this species. For that, two MHW were simulated - category I (i.e., peak: 19.9°C) and category IV (i.e., peak: 24.1°C) - relative to baseline in Cascais, Portugal (18.5°C). Based on several physiological parameters – e.g., no changes in abundance, size, photosynthetic efficiency and toxin production -G. catenatum showed to have high tolerance to MHWs. However, MHWs may have elicited sublethal effects since chain-formation was significantly reduced under category IV MHW, suggesting these conditions may be sub-optimal growth conditions for this population. Regarding the toxin profile, a significant decrease in several compounds with increased severity of the MHW was observed. Our study suggests the increase in frequency, intensity and duration of MHWs may lead to reduced severity of G. catenatum toxic blooms.
When children were kept behind doors in three weeks: children’s perspectives of the lockdown in Ghana.
Authors: Kyei-Gyamfi Sylvester
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study explores the experiences of children about the three-week lockdown in two of Ghana’s COVID-19 hotspots, and gains insights on their perspectives about the phenomenon. This paper is not only essential but novel as it examines and gives account of the lockdown from the viewpoints of children. The data collection and analysis were based on remote research techniques, combining a survey and telephone interactions with 385 children in the cities of Accra and Tema. Almost half of the children sampled affirmed that the lockdown affected them negatively. According to the findings, children were opposed to the lockdown since it stopped them from visiting or going outside to play with friends, interfered with their academic work, and led to economic hardships in poor households. The Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection is urged to enhance its role when embarking on its poverty reduction monitoring since the lockdown increased vulnerability in many poor households in the country.
Arterial Blood Pressure Indices among Young Adults with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim Oluwaseun , Ogunlade Oluwadare
Published: November 2022

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary chronic haemolytic disorder characterised by repeated vaso-occlusion and chronic haemolysis resulting into chronic complications such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and early mortality.

Aim

This study is aimed at assessing the arterial blood pressure indices and the clinical implications in individuals with SCA compared with normal Haemoglobin AA among young adult individuals in Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 132 young adults (18–35 years) participated in the study. They were classified into two groups; 69 cases (participants with Hb SS) and 63 age and sex matched controls (participants with Hb AA) which were purposively selected after haemoglobin typing using electrophoresis method. Blood pressure (BP) measurement was done three times after five minute rest using a validated digital sphygmomanometer (Lumiscope) of appropriate cuff size attached to the arm. The average of the last two measurements was calculated and used as the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pulse Pressure (PP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Rate Pressure Product (RPP) was calculated using standard formulae. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and alpha value was set as < 0.05.

Results

The mean SBP [110.62 ± 10.55 vs 114.94 ± 9.49 (t=-2.297, p = 0.023)], DBP [66.20 ± 7.06 vs 77.06 ± 8.44 (t=-6.956, p < 0.0001)] and MAP [81.01 ± 8.21 vs 89.69 ± 7.92 (t=-5.774, p < 0.0001)] were significantly low while the PP [44.42 ± 8.60 vs 37.88 ± 8.14 (t = 4.187 ± p < 0.0001)] was significantly low among the participants with SCA.

Conclusion

This study showed that SCA is associated with significantly lower SBP, DBP, MAP while PP was significantly higher when compared with age and sex matched young adults with normal haemoglobin type.
Conservation Status of Marine Biota Sold in Restaurants in Pangandaran Regency, West Java
Authors: Permana Rega , Widayani Syintyah
Published: November 2022

One of most potential activity regarding fisheries business in Pangandaran Regency is seafood restaurants which holds prospect for tourists. However, there are still many restaurants that sell conservationally-important biota. The purpose of this study is to identify the conservation status of marine biota sold in restaurants in Pangandaran Regency. Data was collected by observation or direct survey by purposive sampling in six seafood restaurants. The fish species were then identified for their conservation status based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). The identification results show that there were biotas included in the IUCN which were Lanjaman Shark (Carcharhinus sealei) with IUCN Appendix II CITES status, Black Fin Shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) with IUCN Near Threatened (NT) status and Mobula Stingray (Mobula eregoodootenkee) with Endangered status. The results of this study indicated that conservation efforts need to be strengthened.
Diversity Species and Dominance of Gastropod on Ekosistem Mangrove Ecosystem Lantebung, City of Kota Makassar
Authors: Janwar Zul , Ahmad Amran , Soma Andang Suryana
Published: November 2022

The Lantebung mangrove ecosystem in Makassar City is one of the mangrove ecosystems in Makassar City, which has been used by the community as a mangrove tourism area. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of species diversity and the dominate of gastropod species in the Lantebung Mangrove ecosystem, Makassar City. This research is an exploratory descriptive research. Determination of stations is done by purposive sampling with 3 research stations. Where is every station. At each station a 20 meter long transact was made with 5 subplots measuring 1m x 1m. The results of this study indicated that the index of gastropod diversity in the Lantebung mangrove ecosystem, Makassar City is in the medium class with a value of 1.235. The Dominance Index found that the Dominance of Gastropod Species was in the low class with a value of 0.388.
Decay Tree Detection in Bogor Botanic Gardens Collection Using Sonic Tomograph Technology
Authors: Zulkarnaen Rizmoon Nurul , Rinandio Dipta Sumeru , Hariri Muhammad Rifqi , Hutabarat Prima Wahyu Kusuma , Martiansyah Irfan , Wardani Fitri Fatma , Mujahidin Mujahidin , Primananda Enggal , Rachmadiyanto Arief Noor , Mulyani Melza , Husaini Iin P.A , Setyanti Dwi , Indresputra Faozan , Rahmaningtiyas Lutfi , Pratiwi Widya Ayu , Damayanti Frisca , Endewip Lidya N. , Helmanto Hendra , Suhatman Agus , Safarinanugraha Dina , Purnomo Danang Wahyu
Published: November 2022

Bogor Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ plant conservation area in Indonesia. Since BBG is 103 years old, many collections are 100 years old or older. These antique collections may sustain damage, such as broken or collapsing, endangering visitors and employees. As a result, monitoring tree health at BBG is a critical task. According to the tree health monitoring data, 73 of 244 trees were further checked using the PiCUS Sonic Tomograph. Trees from the Fabaceae (31%) and Myrtaceae (10%) families were the most frequently checked. Walnuts trees from the Burseraceae family had the most specimens (47,94%). The PST effectively provides an immediate picture of the stem condition by calculating solid and decaying wood percentage values.
Black Box Testing pada Aplikasi Single Sign On (SSO) di Diskominfostandi Menggunakan Teknik Equivalence Partitions
Authors: Zidan Muhammad , Nur'aini Siti , Wibowo Nur Cahyo Hendro , Ulinuha Masy Ari
Published: November 2022

Pengujian merupakan salah satu tahapan yang harus dilalui untuk menghasilkan perangkat lunak atau sistem yang berkualitas. Melalui pengujian, penguji dapat mengetahui kekurangan dan kesalahan yang terdapat di dalam sebuah sistem, sehingga dapat segera memperbaikinya. Tujuan pengujian adalah menyesuaikan fungsi-fungsi dengan spesifikasi yang diinginkan. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pengujian terhadap aplikasi Single Sign On di Diskominfostandi menggunakan metode black box testing. Desain test case dengan black-box testing pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik equivalence partitioning. Teknik equivalence partitioning merupakan pengujian didasarkan masukan data pada setiap form yang ada pada aplikasi. Di setiap menu akan dilakukan pengujian dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan fungsinya, baik itu bernilai sesuai ataupun tidak sesuai. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat keberhasilan pengujian black-box pada aplikasi Single Sign On bernilai baik dengan angka persentase 78.95%
Perancangan Game Pair Matching untuk Pengenalan Huruf Hijaiyah Menggunakan Unity Game Engine
Authors: Wahyudi Ilham , Fadilah Juniardi Nur , Nugroho Fresy
Published: November 2022

Pair matching merupakan permainan yang berjenis teka-teki. Game ini adalah salah satu permainan klasik di mana player harus menemukan pasangan gambar yang cocok dari gambar yang terbalik untuk memenangkan game ini.  Dalam paper ini, dirancang permainan pair matching yang berisi huruf-huruf hijaiyah. Game ini bertujuan agar anak-anak dapat menghafal huruf hijaiyah. Sebagai tambahan terdapat gambar buah-buahan agar anak-anak tidak bosan memainkan game ini. Dalam game ini ada sistem rangking, ketika player telah selesai, ada catatan waktu tentang berapa lama player tersebut menyelesaikan permainan. Hal ini akan menjadikan tantangan bagi player untuk dapat menyelesaikan permainan lebih cepat. Dalam proses pembuatan game ini, digunakan Unity game engine dengan bahasa pemrograman C#. Hasilnya adalah game edukasi yang dapat dimainkan sebagai media pengenalan huruf hijaiyah.
UV Disinfection sensitivity index of spores or protozoa: A model to predict the required fluence of spores or protozoa
Authors: Wang Zhao , Tang Walter Z. , Sillanpää Mika , Li Jinze
Published: November 2022

During UV disinfection, the required UV dose in terms of fluence depends upon the species of bacteria spore and protozoa. To rank their UV disinfection sensitivity, spore sensitivity index (SPSI) and protozoan sensitivity index (PSI) are defined. For spores, shoulder effect exists, therefore, SPSI is defined as the ratio between the ki of any spores for the linear portion of the dose response curve to the kir of Bacillus subtilis as the reference spore. After statistical analysis, the fluence of any spore can be predicted by SPSI through equation, H = (0.8358 ± 0.126)*LogI*SPSI + H0. PSI is defined as the ratio between the inactivation rate constants of a protozoa in reference to that of Cryptosporidium parvum. The equation predicting the fluence of any protozoa in reference to Cryptosporidium parvum is: H = 107.45*(3.86 ± 2.68)*LogI/PSI. Two regression equations suggest that protozoa require significantly higher UV dose than bacteria spores.
Inferências e subdeterminações na filosofia da ciência
Authors: Pinheiro Félix Flores , Arroyo Raoni Wohnrath
Published: November 2022

Este artigo discute a relação entre a questão das inferências nos contextos de justificação em ciência, nomeadamente o que ficou conhecido por “problema da indução” após Hume, em vista de esclarecer diferentes versões dos problemas de subdeterminação na filosofia da ciência.
The End of Law: Carl Schmitt in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Alves da Silva Felipe
Published: November 2022

Resenha de Scheuerman, William E. The End of Law: Carl Schmitt in the Twenty-First Century. 2. ed.. London/New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2020. 343 p.
INFORMATION PROTECTION FROM LEAKAGE THROUGH TECHNICAL CHANNELS ON THE BASIS OF ADAPTIVE MULTIAGENT SECURITY SYSTEM AT THE INFORMATIZATION OBJECT
Authors:   FAU «GNIII PTZI FSTEC of Russia», Yazov Yury , Avsentiev Alexander ,   Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2022

Purpose: to show the creation and consideration perspective of the ways to build a multi-agent information security system at an informatization object with the implementation of a decentralized and mixed (centralizeddecentralized) principle of its design and functioning in order to exclude the extraction of various types of information, data about the characteristics of the informatization object and relationships between its structural elements. Method: the method of functional and structural analysis of technical channels of leaking information circulating in the form of speech information at the informatization objects of the internal affairs bodies in the course of their daily activities or during official activities, as well as ways to build an information security system from leakage through technical channels is applied. Result: the factors determined are those that are necessary to be taken into account when substantiating the composition and functions of agents of a multi-agent information security system, depending on the conditions characterizing the dynamics of the intruder’s actions to obtain protected information, the dynamics of the application of measures and means of protection. It is shown that a multi-agent protection system composition can include two classes of agents - simple and intelligent, and the system itself must be a multilayer structure, each layer of which is tied to a certain type of technical information leakage channels, and contain one or more agents (meta-agents), which provide solution of decision support tasks for information protection in each layer and in the security system as a whole and control of other agents. Examples of the composition and structure of a multi-agent system for protecting against leakage through technical channels, as well as examples of the structure of a simple and intelligent agent for such a system are given. The scientific novelty of the article is in the fact that the idea of creating a multi-agent system is considered for the first time in relation to solving the problem of protecting information from leakage through technical channels, the composition, structure and functions of such systems are determined, as well as the directions for the development of methodological support for their creation and operation.
STUDY OF COMPROMETATION INDICATORS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF INFORMATION AND CYBERPHYSICAL SYSTEMS PROTECTION FACILITIES
Authors:   Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Meshcheryakov Roman , Iskhakov Sergey ,   Promsvyazbank
Published: November 2022

Purpose of work: study of existing standards of compromise indicators and methods of their exchange for enrichment of protection systems of information and cyber-physical systems. Research method: systematic analysis of open sources of data on indicators of compromise, standards of their description and methods of exchange in the organization of cyberintelligence. The result obtained: the actual problems of proactive search of threats are formulated on the example of the application of open sources of indicators of compromise in the processing of event flows in security event management systems. The classification of indicators derived from internal sources is proposed. The main problems of processing dynamic threat data streams under changing attack vectors are formulated. It was found that the threat intelligence industry currently lacks a unified solution in terms of standardization of information exchange between different platforms, but there are a number of dominant standards and formats of such data exchange. In the course of preparing the review of existing, the tasks of identifying previously unknown attack methods based on the use of open sources of indicators of compromise in data processing in security incident management systems were considered and structured, and methods for their solution were proposed. Scientific novelty: the presented article is one of the first domestic works, devoted to the analysis of research in recent years in the field of organization of work with threat intelligence data sources. Reviewed and systematized the sources of indicators of compromise and proposed their classification. Formulated the main problems of processing dynamic threat data streams under conditions of variable attack vectors.
Cryptococcal Osteomyelitis of the Left Acetabulum: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Kuntao , Zhou Changning , Zhang Jing , Chen Yang , Ding Xing , Chen Fen , Feng Kai
Published: November 2022

Background:

Cryptococcus, as a classical "opportunistic" fungal pathogen, is capable of disseminating an invasive infection in immunocompromised hosts. The primary sites of infection include the respiratory and central nervous systems, and skeletal infection was rarely reported. In this case, we describe a case of cryptococcal osteomyelitis involving the left side of the acetabulum in a Chinese patient with chronic hepatitis B.

Case presentation:

We retrospectively reviewed the case of a female (with chronic hepatitis B) with left acetabulum pain and limited mobility, with fever occurring during the infection who presented to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. Upon imaging, we found osteolytic bone destruction in the left acetabulum with inflammatory changes in the surrounding bone and soft tissue, accompanied by abscess formation. Following an 11-month of antifungal therapy, the clinical symptoms improved and the lesion area reduced in size. In addition, there was no sign of recurrence.

Conclusion:

Cryptococcus infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infectious osteolytic bone lesions, particularly when patients with immune insufficiency. Pathological examinations and fungal cultures are essential to provide a differential diagnosis.
Data Science-Based Statistical Modeling in Revealing Community Intentions and Behaviors for the Covid-19 Vaccine
Authors: Rinaldo Fernandes Adji Achmad , Solimun Solimun , Rahmawati Intan
Published: November 2022

At the beginning of 2020, the world community was shocked by the emergence of Covid-19 or better known as the coronavirus. Covid-19 is a new type of virus that at the beginning of its appearance no vaccine could overcome this virus. After this virus emerged, many researchers tried to create a vaccine to overcome this virus. Vaccination is one of the most effective efforts in tackling Covid-19. This study wants to examine the effect of Benefits of Vaccines and Ease of Getting Vaccines on Intention to get vaccinated with Covid-19 and Covid-19 Vaccinated Behavior. The approach used in this research is descriptive, exploratory, and explanatory using a mixed method. This study uses several analytical methods, namely, DNA used to compose the questionnaire, cluster analysis is used to group several data sets that have been obtained, and path analysis is used to model intention and Covid-19 Vaccinated Behavior. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. variables Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, benefits of vaccines, and ease of Getting Vaccines were able to explain the diversity of the Intention to get vaccinated with Covid-19 variables by 41.2%, while the other 58.8% were influenced by variables outside the model. The originality of the theory in this study lies in the use of variables based on DNA analysis (Discourse Network Analysis). While originality in terms of application lies in the analysis of Intention and Covid-19 Vaccinated Behavior.