bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impaired ATF3 Signaling Involves SNAP25 in SOD1 Mutant ALS Patients
Authors: Yazar Volkan , Kühlwein Julia K. , Knehr Antje , Grozdanov Veselin , Ekici Arif B. , Ludoplph Albert C. , Danzer Karin M.
Published: March 2023

Epigenetic remodeling is emerging as a critical process for several neurodegenerative diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Genetics alone fails to explain the etiology of ALS, the investigation of the epigenome might therefore provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the disease. In this study, we interrogated the epigenetic landscape in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of familial ALS (fALS) patients with either chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) or superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutation and aimed to identify key epigenetic footprints of the disease. To this end, we used an integrative approach that combines chromatin immunoprecipitation targeting H3K27me3 (ChIP-Seq) with the matching gene expression data to gain new insights into the likely impact of blood-specific chromatin remodeling on ALS-related molecular mechanisms. We demonstrated that one of the hub molecules that modulates changes in PBMC transcriptome in SOD1-mutant ALS patients is ATF3, which has been previously reported in an SOD1G93A mouse model. We also identified potential suppression of SNAP25, with impaired ATF3 signaling in SOD1-mutant ALS blood. Together, our study shed light on the mechanistic underpinnings of SOD1 mutations in ALS.
Efficacy and safety of robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy versus laparoscopic myomectomy: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis
Authors: Hong Ziqiang , Sheng Yannan , Wang Jian , Mao Baohong , Wu Zhenzhen , Gou Yunjiu , Liu Qing
Published: March 2023

Objective: Systematic evaluation of the efficacy and safetyof robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM)versus laparoscopic myomectomy (LM).
Methods: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science database were searched by computer to seek relevant literatures in order to compare the efficacy and safety of RALM with that of LM from the establishment of the databases to January 2023, and Review Manager5.4 software was utilized to perform a meta-analysis of the literatures.
Results: A total of 15 retrospective clinical controlled studies were included. There exists a total of 45702 patients, among 11618 patients in the RALM group and the remaining 34084 patients in the LM group. Meta-analysis results revealed that RALM was associated with less intraoperative bleeding(MD=－32.03, 95%CI －57.24 to －6.83, P=0.01), lower incidence of blood transfusions(OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.77 to 0.97, P=0.01), shorter postoperative hospital stay(MD=－0.11, 95%CI －0.21 to －0.01, P=0.03), fewer transitions to open stomach(OR=0.82, 95%CI 0.73 to 0.92, P=0.0006) and lower incidence of post-operative complications(OR=0.58, 95%CI 0.40 to 0.86, P=0.006) than LM; whereas, LM is more advantageous in terms of operating time(MD=38.61, 95%CI 19.36 to 57.86, P<0.0001); no statistically significant difference between the two surgical approaches in terms of maximum myoma diameter(MD=0.26, 95%CI －0.17 to 0.70, P=0.24).
Conclusion In the aspects of intraoperative bleeding, lower incidence of blood transfusions, postoperative hospital stay, transit open stomach rate and post-operative complications, RALM has unique advantage than that of LM; while LM has advantages over RALM in terms of operating time.
Persistent steatosis retards fibrosis regression during anti-HBV treatment in patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Zhang Mengyang , Chen Shuyan , Wu Xiaoning , Zhou Jialing , Wang Tailing , Liu Hui , Zhao Xinyan , Wang Bingqiong , Zhao Xinyu , Kong Yuanyuan , Soon Gwyneth Shook Ting , Ou Xiaojuan , Jia Jidong , Chen Wei , Sun Yameng , You Hong
Published: March 2023

Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), whether the changes in steatosis impact fibrosis regression during antiviral therapy remain unclear. We aimed to identify the association between histological changes of steatosis and fibrosis in patients undergone antiviral treatment.
Methods: Patients with paired liver biopsies before and after 78 weeks of antiviral therapy were enrolled in this study. Liver fibrosis was assessed by the Ishak score combined with Beijing Classification P-I-R score. Steatosis was evaluated by the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. Collagen in each site was quantitated by second harmonic generation/two photon excitation fluorescence technology. Serum proteomic changes after treatment were characterized by mass-based spectrometry.
Results: A total of 239 CHB Patients were included, and divided into four groups according to the changes in steatosis: 162 (67.8%) had no steatosis throughout, 24 (10.0%) developed new-onset steatosis, 21 (8.8%) had initial steatosis which disappeared, and 32 (13.4%) had persistent steatosis. The persistent steatosis group showed the lowest rate of fibrosis regression (14/32, 43.8%). Persistent steatosis correlated with decreased fibrosis regression significantly after adjusting for age, sex, fibrosis stage and metabolic factors at baseline, as well as the viral response (adjusted OR = 0.380, 95%CI 0.145-0.996, P = 0.049). This decreased fibrosis regression was associated with accumulated collagen in the perisinusoidal area. Patients with persistent steatosis showed unique changes in glycolipid metabolism according to the serum proteomic atlas.
Conclusions: Persistent steatosis correlated with decreased fibrosis regression during antiviral therapy in patients with CHB.
Facial dysbiosis induced by photoprotectors. Is there evidence for such an assumption?
Authors: Arantes Angela Bonjorno , Rosa Rosimeire Takaki , Oliveira Nicoly Subtil , Bianchini Luiz Fernando , Rached Rodrigo Nunes , Johann Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues , Weber Saulo Henrique , Murakami Fábio Seigi , Maluf Daniela Florencio , Rosa Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro
Published: March 2023

Dysbiosis is characterized by a disruption of bacterial homeostasis and may be associated with various skin diseases. Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory disease with a robust microbial component and numerous correlations with dysbiosis states. Furthermore, various factors are recognized as triggers for skin dysbiosis, including the use of certain cosmetics. Based on these arguments, we hypothesized that the use of photoprotective formulations could trigger dysbiosis and the occurrence of acne manifestations. To verify this assumption, six volunteers between 19 and 23 years of age, meeting all the inclusion criteria, received two applications a day of a non-commercial sunscreen formulation developed with the sun filters ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, ethylhexyl salicylate, methyl anthranilate, and octocrylene dispersed in a base gel, with an estimated protection factor of 28.8. The pure base gel was used as a control. The samples were applied to an area delimited by a standard template (15 cm2) in an amount corresponding to 30 mg (2 mg cm2) for ten days. At two points in time, pre- and post-sample applications, the facial skin surface was swabbed to collect extracted DNA and processed to verify divergent degrees of 16S RNA coding sequences. The data obtained allowed us to determine the abundance of different bacterial entities at the genus and species levels. The results showed that key species of the acne process, such as Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, seem to tolerate the evaluated formulation well, not being significantly affected by the formulation, suggesting no interference of its use concerning dysbiosis induction.
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Selection Signatures in Enset (Ensete ventricosum, (Welw.) Cheesman), an Underutilized and Key Food Security Crop in Ethiopia
Authors: Haile Alye Tefera , Kovi Mallikarjuna Rao , Johnsen Sylvia Sagen , Tesfaye Bizuayehu , Hvoslef-Eide Trine , Rognli Odd Arne
Published: March 2023

Enset (Enseteventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is a multipurpose, drought-tolerant and a key food security crop, which is the staple food for peoples in the South and Southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Despite its importance, enset is an orphan crop as regards genetic research and breeding. In this study, we characterized genetic diversity, population structure and selection signatures in 226 cultivated and 10 wild enset accessions collected from diverse enset growing regions of Ethiopia using 3505 high-quality SNP markers obtained from ddRAD-sequences. The population structure and cluster analyses clearly distinguished between cultivated and wild enset. AMOVA revealed much higher levels of genetic variation within populations and regions (91.2 and 92.4%, respectively) than between populations and regions (8.8 and 7.6%, respectively). This shows that the region of origin and environmental heterogeneity have little influence on the genetic variation. However, the genetic differentiation between regions was moderate to large (FST = 0.06–0.17). The genetic structure of enset was mainly shaped by eco-geographic factors, mode of propagation and cultivation status. Six genes potentially involved in sexual reproduction and flowering signalling, which are key processes underlying domestication and adaptation, were under positive selection demonstrating that sexual reproduction plays an important role in shaping enset diversity. A lot of unexplored diversity is available for improving enset in Ethiopia, with patterns of diversity consistent with divergent selection on adaptive traits. This diversity also shows potential for introducing enset as a more food secure crop for the food insecure regions in the dry north of Ethiopia.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screening Using Gad-7 Among in-school Adolescents of Anambra State, Nigeria: a Comparative Study Between Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: Mbanuzuru Ahoma Victor , Uwakwe Richard , Anyaoku Chinekwu Sochukwu. , Ojimba Anastacia Okwudili , Mbanuzuru Mary Chinyere , Ezenyeaku Amara Chijioke , Obi Darlington Chukwudinma , Okafor Christiana Nkiru , Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper
Published: March 2023

Background
Previous studies have reported that general anxiety disorder manifestations differ in diverse settings.
Objective
To determine and compare the prevalence of anxiety disorders among in-school adolescents in urban and rural areas of Anambra State.
Methods
A total of 1187 in-school adolescents were recruited using a multi-stage sampling technique. The study instrument was an interviewer-administered pretested questionnaire adopted from General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). Data were analyzed with the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.
Result
One hundred and twenty of the participants out of the 1187 (10.1%) were found to have generalized anxiety disorders using GAD-7 as screening tool. The prevalence of anxiety revealed that urban participants had a higher prevalence compared to their rural counterparts (11% vs 8.8%), while females had a higher prevalence compared to the males in the ratio of 3:2 (or 12% vs 8%). The prevalence of anxiety disorders among females was higher than that of males even when compared based on a rural and urban settings. When all other variables are held constant, urban participants were found to have a 50% higher chance of being identified with anxiety disorders compared to their rural participants (OR = 1.500, C.I.:1.002–2.246, p = 0.049).
Conclusion
Anxiety disorder was found in 10% of the participants. The females have a higher propensity to exhibit anxiety disorder than the males. Anxiety status affects how adolescents view their general health.
An AI Fuzzy Clustering based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Image Recognition in Vehicular Adhoc IoT Networks
Authors: Mavaluru Dinesh , Enduri Murali Krishna , Thiyagarajan Akila , Anamalamudi Satish , Sriniva Karthik , Carie Chettupally Anil
Published: March 2023

A vehicular ad-hoc IoT network (VA-IoT) plays a key role in exchanging the constrained networked vehicle information through IPv6 enabled sensor nodes. It is noteworthy to understand that vehicular IoT is interconnection of vehicular ad-hoc networks with the support of constrained IoT devices. Routing protocols in VAN-IoT is designed to route the vehicular traffic in the distributed environments. In addition, VAN-IoT is designed to enhance the road safety by reducing the number of road accidents through reliable data transmission. Routing in VAN-IoT has a unique dynamic topology, frequent spectrum, and node handover with restricted versatility. Hence, it is very crucial to design the hybrid reactive routing protocols to ensure the network throughput and data reliability of the VAN-IoT networks. This paper aims to propose an AI based Reactive Routing protocol to enhance the performance of the network throughput, minimize the end-to-end delay with respect to node mobility, spectrum mobility, link traffic load and end-to-end network traffic load while transmitting the vehicular images. In addition, the performance of the proposed routing protocol in terms of image transmission time is being compared with the existing initiative-taking and reactive based routing protocols in Vehicular Adhoc IoT (VA-IoT) Networks.
Uranium weapons being employed in Ukraine have significantly increased Uranium levels in the air in the UK
Authors: Busby Christopher
Published: March 2023

Data covering the period November 2017 to November 2022 was obtained from the Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston to find if there was an increase in Uranium associated with the Ukraine war. Results from 9 High Volume Air Samplers deployed onsite and offsite by AWE showed that there were significantly increased levels of Uranium in all 9 HVAS samplers beginning in February 2022 when the war began. The result has significant public health implications for the UK and Europe.
Multidiscipline design optimization for large-scale complex nonlinear dynamic system based on weak coupling interfaces
Authors: Du Wei , Piao Si-yang , Piao Ming-wei , Nie Chun-ge , Dang Peng , Li Qiu-ze , Tao Yi-nan
Published: March 2023

For hi-tech manufacturing industries, developing large-scale complex nonlinear dynamic system must be taken as one of basic works, formulating problems to be solved, steering system design to a more preferable direction, and making correct strategic decisions. By using effective tools of big data mining, Dynamic Design Methodology was proposed to establish technical platform of Multidiscipline Design Optimization such as High Speed Rolling Stock, including three key technologies: i) Analysis graph of full-vehicle stability properties and variation patterns, providing instructive guidance on optimal parameter configuration of self-adaptive improved design for higher speed bogies to reduce track force; ii) Improved transaction strategy of flexible body to MBS interface, making boundary loading treatments more subtle to implement weak coupling interface of aluminium alloy car body to equipment cabin under floor frame; iii) Seamless collaboration with weldline fatigue damage assessments, ensuring structure integrity via correct Modal Stress Recovery. Steel rail profession unilaterally initiated improved design of wheel-rail relationship, which is proved to be unfavourable to commercial applications for Chinese High Speed Rails. On first fluttering phenomenon of service car body, contrastive analyses of line tracking tests and rigid-flex coupling simulations show that internal lateral coupling resonance of such as traction converter has been one of main restrictive factors that determine cost effectiveness. Whilst self-adaptive improved solution is one of more favourable options. Comprehensive evaluations show that only under rational conditions of wheel-rail matching, i.e. 0.10 ≥ λeN > λemin and λemin= (0.03–0.06), can this low cast solution achieve three goals of low track conicity, optimal route planning and investment benefit maximization.
Fate of herbicide residues in soil- Australian context: insights towards mechanism, aspects, and recent advancements
Authors: Chowdhury Imtiaz , Doran Gregory S. , Stodart Benjamin J. , Chen Chengrong , Wu Hanwen
Published: March 2023

Herbicides are chemical compounds that are toxic to weed plants. Modern agriculture relies heavily on herbicides for the control of weeds to maximize yield in crops. It is estimated that herbicide usage in the Australian grains industry increased by more than 30% from 2002 to 2018, approximately $1.80 billion. The increased popularity of herbicides in farming systems has not only raised concerns about their negative impacts on the environment, human health, and agricultural sustainability due to the rapid evolution of herbicide resistance, but also raised questions about their fate in soil. Due to excessive use of herbicides, there is great concern about contamination which can lead to soil and water pollution, reduced biodiversity, and depression in soil heterotrophic bacteria (including denitrifying bacteria) and fungi. Moreover, understanding the fate of herbicides in soil is a prerequisite for the precise assessment of its behaviour and potential environmental risk. This review illustrates a brief overview of the present status of herbicide residues in Australian farming systems with a detailed understanding of the transport and degradation processes of herbicides in soil. Furthermore, this review also encompasses microbial degradation, mechanisms, factors, and microorganisms associated with degradation and recent advancement in microbial degradation of herbicides.
Stereo- and regioselective boryllithiation and -sodiation of alkynes: reductive approach using flow microreactors
Authors: Jiang Yiyuan , Kurogi Takashi , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: March 2023

The stereo- and regioselective syn-boryllithiation and -sodiation of alkynes have been achieved by reductive borylmetallation using flow microreactors. This method involves the fast mixing of a solution of an alkyne and stoichiometric alkoxypinacolborane with an alkali metal arenide solution, which efficiently generates highly reactive β-borylalkenyllithium and -sodium species by suppressing undesired diboration that inevitably occurs in a batch reactor. Unlike the conventional three-component borofunctionalization, the intermediates can be generated in the absence of electrophiles, which has enabled diverse electrophiles to participate in various syn-borofunctionalizations such as borylsilylation, borylhalogenation, borylcarbonylation, borylsulfenylation and borylarylation. Trapping with aldehydes and ketones provides a series of oxaboroles of biological interest. Furthermore, unsymmetrical diarylacetylenes undergo highly regioselective borylmetallation, which is applicable to the stereo- and regiocontrolled syntheses of multisubstituted oxaboroles and differently tetrasubstituted alkenes.
DRPPM-PATH-SURVEIOR: Plug-and-Play Survival Analysis of Pathway-level Signatures and Immune Components
Authors: Obermayer Alyssa , Chang Darwin , Nobles Gabrielle , Teng Mingxiang , Tan Aik-Choon , Wang Xuefeng , Eschrich Steven , Rodriguez Paulo , Grass G Daniel , Meshinchi Soheil , Tarhini Ahmad , Chen Dung-tsa , Shaw Timothy
Published: March 2023

Pathway-level survival analysis offers the opportunity to examine molecular pathways and immune signatures that influence patient outcomes. However, available survival analysis algorithms are limited in pathway-level function and lack a streamlined analytical process. Here we present a comprehensive pathway-level survival analysis suite, DRPPM-PATH-SURVEIOR, which includes a Shiny user interface with extensive features for systematic exploration of pathways and covariates in a Cox proportional-hazard model. Moreover, our framework offers an integrative strategy for performing Hazard Ratio ranked Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and pathway clustering. As an example, we applied our tool in a combined cohort of melanoma patients treated with checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and identified several immune populations and biomarkers predictive of ICI efficacy. We also analyzed gene expression data of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and performed an inverse association of drug targets with the patient’s clinical endpoint. Our analysis derived several drug targets in high-risk KMT2A-fusion-positive patients, which were then validated in AML cell lines in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity database. Altogether, the tool offers a comprehensive suite for pathway-level survival analysis and a user interface for exploring drug targets, molecular features, and immune populations at different resolutions.
Copper Can Be Elevated in Hydroponics and Peat-based Media for Potential Disease Suppression: Concentration Thresholds for Lettuce and Tomato
Authors: Dey Mackenzie G. , Langenfeld Noah J. , Bugbee Bruce
Published: March 2023

Copper (Cu) is typically adequate at 0.5 μM (0.03 ppm) in hydroponics and at 2 μM (0.125 ppm) in soilless media, but elevated levels can be used to inhibit pathogenic fungal growth. We studied the effect of elevated Cu on the growth of lettuce and tomato in peat-based media and deep-flow hydroponics. Lettuce growth in hydroponics was not hindered until a concentration greater than 4 μM (0.25 ppm) Cu was used, which is eight times greater than the adequate level. Tomato was more tolerant of elevated Cu, with no growth suppression up to 8 μM (0.5 ppm) in hydroponics. Organic matter tightly binds Cu, and bioavailability is thus determined by organic components in soilless media. We confirmed an adsorption capacity of 19 mg Cu per g of peat, which explains why there was no inhibition of lettuce or tomato growth up to 1000 μM (64 ppm) Cu in peat-based media. When chelated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Cu binding to organic matter was reduced and growth was decreased in lettuce but not tomato. Both species tolerated a 100-fold greater concentration of Cu in peat-based media than in deep-flow hydroponics. Elevated Cu in solution increased concentrations 20 times greater in root tissue than in leaves. These solution and tissue concentrations are greater than identified toxicity thresholds of pathogenic fungal and fungal-like organisms, and could thus be used to suppress root-borne fungal and fungal-like diseases.
Preventing the Spread of HIV From Unprotected Sex and Intravenous Drug Use Among Black Women Through Community-Based Intervention and Education
Authors: Geyen Dashiel , Fisk-Holmes Ingrid , Guidry Mark , Beal Janice
Published: March 2023

There are many popular, yet erroneous, beliefs about HIV/AIDS held by some women from the Black community. Such attitudes only complicate their confusion surrounding the origin and fatality of the disease.
An Analysis of Stress Levels of Female Graduate Students in an Online Program
Authors: Arric Lynne , Young Ken , Harris Sandra , Farrow Vicky
Published: March 2023

This quantitative study was designed to investigate the differences in stressors and demographic variables of women enrolled in an online master's degree program in education. Participants were women with multiple personal, career, and family responsibilities. Survey data and demographic data were used to identify which stressors were most frequently experienced and whether there was a significant difference between stress scale scores and demographic variables. Seven hundred and fifty women completed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale — Revised (Hobson, 1998) and non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated the stressors most common to female graduate students were related to family, finances, and health-related issues. The results also suggested there were significant differences among the demographic variables of age, ethnicity, program start date, number of courses completed, and marital status.For institutions of higher education these findings may offer insight for incorporating student services such as learning communities, flexible financing options, and accelerated programs to allow for increased retention of women in online programs. For women seeking to enroll into an online graduate program, this study may provide insight into assessing their resources for successful completion of an online master's degree
Leaning In: A Phenomenological Study of African American Women Leaders in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Bonaparte Yvette
Published: March 2023

The pharmaceutical industry includes low levels of African American women in leadership positions. In 2010, according to the Equal Employment Opportunity office, African American women comprised only 1.5% of senior executives and 3.4% of first/mid-level managers. This qualitative study describes the leadership behaviors of 8 African American women leaders within the pharmaceutical industry. The approaches used by these women leaders to navigate their environments illustrate that although these women may be limited in number, they are in fact leaning into and embracing their leadership roles; and consequently impacting their organizations and communities. Seven themes are found to categorize the leadership experiences of these women as leaders. They are: 1) making a difference, 2) leveraging information and knowledge, 3) serving as mentors, 4) establishing and maintaining credibility, 5) asking for support, 6) illustrating integrity at the highest levels and 7) facing up to challenges. While the study is limited in its transferability by its qualitative design and number of participants, the findings provide insightful themes regarding the common experiences of these particular African American women leaders in the pharmaceutical industry. Keywords: leadership, women, African American, phenomenology, qualitative, diversity, pharmaceutical
Do Women Value the Domains of Leadership Differently than Men?
Authors: Cooner Tonya , Davis Kirk
Published: March 2023

A comparative study was conducted to determine if women value the various domains of leadership differently than men, and, if they differ, to determine if the differences are consistent across leadership positions. Seventy-two actively employed educators completed a short online leadership survey where they were asked to report their gender and current academic position (teacher leader or administrator). In addition the participants were asked to rate (4-point Likert scale) the importance of the four domains of leadership strength (relationship building, strategic thinking, executing ideas, and influencing others) suggested by Rath and Conchie (2008). A two-way MANOVA was conducted to determine if any significant main or interaction effects could be found for gender and academic position for each of the four self-rated domains of leadership strength. A statistically significant (Î±=.05) difference was only found for gender. A significant main effect for gender was found for both strategic thinking, F (1 ,68) = 4.85, p = .031, Î·2 = .067, and for relationship building, F (1 ,68) = 9.42, p = .003, Î·2 = .122, with men (M = 3.06, SD = 1.14) scoring significantly higher than women (M = 2.31, SD = 1.18) on the strategic thinking domain and women (M = 2.71, SD = 1.3) scoring significantly higher than men (M = 1.65, SD = 1.11) on the relationship building domain. These results suggest that women perceive the relationship building domain of leadership as more important than men. If the findings of Rath and Conchie's study are valid, women could become more effective leaders if they adopt a leadership style they prefer, which the present study suggests may differ from that of men. In addition, the results suggest women may be more effective mentors because of the importance they place on relationship building.. Keywords: gender, leadership domains.
1992 XVIIth World Buiatrics Congress. 25th AABP Annual Conference. St. Paul, Minnesota, August 31-September 4.
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the joint 17th World Buiatrics Congress and the 25th Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, 1992.
XVIIIth World Buiatrics Congress. Bologna, Italy, August 29-September 2, 1994
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 18th World Buiatrics Congress, 1994.
1997 30th Annual Conference. Montreal, Quebec, Canada, September 18-21
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 30th conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, 1997.
Where we started, where we are now, where we are going!
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Reprinted from the first Bovine Practitioner p. 3, January 1967.
History of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) 1964-1998
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

35th Anniversary Issue.
1981 14th Annual Convention. Seattle, Washington, December 8-11
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 14th Convention of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, 1981.
XIIth World Association for Buiatrics Congress. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 7-12, 1982
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 12th World Association for Buiatrics Congress, 1982.
1985 18th Annual Conference. Buffalo, New York, November 16-21
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 18th Conference of teh American Association of Bovine Practitioners, 1985.
1986 19th Annual Conference. Louisville, Kentucky, November 18-21
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 19th Conference of teh American Association of Bovine Practitioners, 1986.
Feeding the exceptionally high producing dairy cow
Authors: Staubus John R.
Published: March 2023

The goal of every dairy herdsman should be to provide the right amount of feed for the right cow at the right time. This should maximize profits while minimizing metabolic problems. The most difficult problem is to change the feeding program of cows from that which meets the needs of dry cows to a program that meets the needs of cows producing at very high levels.
Controlled breeding of dairy heifers
Authors: Leslie Ken E. , Walton John S. , Bateman Ken G. , Shantz Roger K.
Published: March 2023

Over a five year period from 1979 to 1983, 191 Holstein-Friesian heifers were artificially inseminated at present times following estrus synchronization with two injections of prostaglandin analogue 11 days apart. The heifers were not selected prior to synchronization and no heat detection methods were used. Overall conception rates for the five year period were 59.8% on timed inseminations; however, the pregnancy rates ranged from 50% in Years 3 and 5 to 76.2% in Year 4. The average interval from first to last calving for groups of heifers which conceived to synchronized insemination was 19 days. There was no significant difference in conception rates between heifers that were greater than 16 months of age and those less than 16 months old.
Treatment of retained placentas in dairy cattle with prostaglandin
Authors: Studer Erich , Holtan Arlin
Published: March 2023

40 of 80 cases of placental retention (more than 8 h after calving) in Holstein cows were left untreated and the other 40 were injected at 8 and 14 h after calving with 2 ml of a preparation of fenprostalene. This procedure reduced the number of treatments required subsequently for endometritis. The placenta was retained for 97 ñ 83 h in the treated group and 127 ñ 84 h in the untreated group. Intervals to first oestrus and conception were slightly shorter in the treated group.
Medical surgical case work-up
Authors: McGurik Sheila H. , Smith Donald F.
Published: March 2023

This is a presentation dealing with the decision process “to cut, or not to cut” on several specific cases. Pros and cons of surgery as well as the resulting findings and ultimate outcome are presented in a lively discussion format. Some case reports have been omitted due to lack of space.
Acquisition and analysis of bovine rumen fluid
Authors: Dirksen G. , Smith M. C.
Published: March 2023

Rumen fluid sampling has assumed increasing importance in veterinary practice in recent years. Descriptions of suitable sampling devices and of methods for analyzing the aspirated rumen fluid have appeared in the literature and have been included in textbooks of clinical methods for a fairly long time. However, the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities afforded to the cattle practitioner by the acquisition of rumen fluid have not yet been dealt with to a satisfactory extent. Recently the collection and analysis of rumen fluid have acquired renewed importance through clarification of the pathogenesis and clinical signs of the abomasalruminal reflux syndrome.
Practice development in the late 80's and the veterinarian's role
Authors: Neubauer Gary D.
Published: March 2023

Profitable livestock production and the veterinarian’s role. Will this be a challenge or an opportunity? Ask yourself—am I a necessary evil or a partner in profits? Practice development in the future will rely heavily on the expanded role of the veterinarian as a health specialist and not just as a disease specialist. The veterinarian’s image needs to be reviewed as a part of profits not losses of the livestock enterprise. Finally, the veterinarian’s role as a herd health specialist needs to be looked on as: 1) a leader who is knowledgeable and respected, 2) as a partner who is trusted and reliable, and 3) as a business manager who is profit oriented.

A successful health specialist will be one who can utilize this knowledge of medicine and production and effectively communicate these ideas in such a way that the client understands them, accepts them, and implements them to the fullest extent toward efficient, profitable production.
Biotechnology and the bovine practitioner
Authors: Jacobsen Karen L.
Published: March 2023

There is clearly a revolution going on in the methodology which is used to develop new diagnostics, prophylactics and therapeutics for human and veterinary medicine. It is fortunate for the bovine practitioner that many of the first veterinary products developed using new biotechnology techniques have been for use in cattle. The possibilities for future veterinary products derived by these methods will be limited only by the financial and time resources committed to such endeavors by public research institutions and private industry.
Herd investigation report
Authors: Hady Patrick
Published: March 2023

Case farm 7714 was visited by the U.W.-School of Veterinary Medicine, River Falls Support Facility consisting of Dr. Dennis Van Roekel and a team of four students including the main investigator Pat Hady. The farm had been previously investigated about a year earlier (7/29/86) for the main complaint of anestrus in higher producing cows. The goals of that investigation were to evaluate his ration and fine tune it to increase milk production and butterfat. Their findings were that the milking cows were low in energy and they suggested the feeding of higher energy ration which was followed through by increasing the amount of grain fed. They also suggested a different feeding regime should be given to the heifers instead of feeding them the lactating cow grain formula. This was followed through by implementing a different grain ration to each group.
Assessing environmental quality for the bovine from medical and engineering viewpoints
Authors: Anderson John F. , Bates Donald W.
Published: March 2023

Programs dealing with animal care and disease prevention often employ medication, antibiotics, and vaccines as substitutes for suitable building design, construction and maintenance of proper environments. Design errors which lead to varying levels of economic loss for producers are common. Animal death losses are often used to evaluate building success or failure. Permanent lung damage however is a common sequelae following clinical or subclinical bouts of pneumonia. Limitations on genetic potential are incurred by lung damage with a resulting decrease in milk and / or beef production. A reliable evaluation of an animals environment may be performed using the senses of site, smell, hearing, and touch.
Changing patterns of nutritional myodegeneration (white muscle disease) in cattle and sheep in the period 1975-1985 in Great Britain
Authors: Bradley R. , Anderson P. H. , Wilesmith J. W.
Published: March 2023

Nutritional myodegeneration of ruminants (WMD) is an acute, non-progressive myopathy affecting skeletal or cardiac muscle or both. Myodegeneration is a non-specific lesion but is predominantly associated with nutritional deficiencies of vitamin E and/or selenium in combination with environmental stress. Incidents of WMD diagnosed at Veterinary Investigation Centres have been recorded on a computer data base (Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis Analysis II) since 1975. Analyses of these data have indicated: - (a) A variable annual incidence in cattle and sheep but with a rise in incidence from 1976 to 1979 and a decline since 1980, the latter probably due to successful preventative treatment. (b) A consistent increase in incidence in spring which is more prolonged for sheep than cattle. (c) For cattle, a variation in the month of peak incidence related to the spring weather, but no broad geographical variation in the month of peak incidence was apparent in any year. The gross, histological and ultrastructural lesions in the heart and skeletal muscle are illustrated.
Bovine herd health programmes
Authors: Radostits Otto M.
Published: March 2023

Bovine veterinary practice has changed and continues to change from emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of the individual animal to increased emphasis on the health and production of the herd. However, herd health service is not yet a major component of most bovine practices. The knowledge and skills are available for the veterinarian to provide varying levels of planned animal health and production management. The factors which have impeded the delivery of a totally integrated herd health service to cattle producers include those related to the desire of the farmer to adopt a regularly scheduled herd health service, the economic viability of the herd, the market price for beef and milk, the enthusiasm and competence of the veterinarian and, the data recording system. The widespread use of the veterinarian in a herd health program will depend on the development of species-industry veterinary specialists. Veterinarians must show integrated animal health and production management service. Computers allow the collection and analysis of the animal health and production data required to identify problem areas and to make intelligent decisions about changes in management.
Feed bunk management
Authors: Harrington Ben , Galphin Sam , Lesch Tim , Norland Ken , Nelson Arden
Published: March 2023

A transcription by the Editor of the program presented at the Dairy Split Session II during the AABP Nineteenth Annual Convention, Louisville, Kentucky on Friday, November 21, 1986.
Reproductive endocrinology of the cow: Part 2
Authors: Yadav M. C. , Walton J. S. , Leslie K. E.
Published: March 2023

In Part 1 the intricate hormonal relationships involved in the bovine estrous cycle were described. The widespread growth of the embryo transfer industry has made manipulation of reproductive events of both donors and recipients a commonplace practice in reproductive programs. This article presents a review of the various methods used to produce a superovulatory response in cows and the basic endocrinological changes which allow this response to occur.

Superovulation can be defined as the increased ovulatory response induced in an individual above the normal range of ovulation rates for that individual. In cattle, therefore, three or more ovulations are considered as superovulatory responses.
Effect of vaccination with E. coli on the incidence of acute mastitis
Authors: Rothbauer D. L. , Buchner E. C. , Wells S. J.
Published: March 2023

The effect of Escherichia coli vaccination on the incidence of acute mastitis in 2 dairy herds was studied. In Study 1, diagnosis was based on clinical signs. A significant effect was observed in the first lactation. In Study 2, diagnosis was based on culture and clinical signs. An effect was demonstrated, but it was not statistically significant.
Herd medicine in perspective
Authors: Anderson John F.
Published: March 2023

Veterinarians in the United States are currently evaluating their professional activities in order to serve the livestock producer and food consumer more effectively. Planned health programs are only partially effective if environmental and management deficiencies are not identified and corrected. This is accomplished most effectively by an interdisciplinary approach between veterinary medicine and agricultural engineering. This highly effective approach has been utilized at the University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine for over 20 years. Dairy producers on this program presently realize an economic benefit of over $20.00 in return for each dollar invested in total animal health care, environmental and management systems.
Surgery for the cattle practitioner
Authors: Stober M.
Published: March 2023

Despite increasing knowledge of the behaviour of our farm livestock, incidents of bulls tearing out their nose ring occur from time to time. Standards of carefulness and vigilance have obviously not increased to the same extent as the level of ethological knowledge. After the event it is not always easy to establish exactly how the rupture of the muzzle happened. In some cases the nose ring might suddenly have got hooked on an awkwardly protruding solid object without anybody noticing, causing the animal to pull at the ring in panic in an attempt to rid itself as quickly as possible of this annoying obstacle. It should be borne in mind that bovines satisfy their curiosity by tactile, olfactory and gustatory means, i.e. with muzzle, nose and tongue, which they are in the habit of “sticking into” anything new and strange.
Mastitis herd investigation report
Authors: Horn Amy
Published: March 2023

A case study of an investigation into a herd mastitis problem is described where possible causes are identified and preventative techniques are recommended.
Investigation of a dairy farm with a high calf mortality rate
Authors: Gaska Jerome
Published: March 2023

An investigation of the farm described in this report was requested by the owners and the referring veterinarian to attempt to solve an ongoing problem of high calf mortality and various other metabolic diseases affecting the cows in this herd. The nutritional status of the lactating herd was investigated to see if there was any link between the nutrition of the cows and the calf mortality rate. There was not a disease outbreak on the farm at the time of this investigation and specific diagnoses could not be determined, rather it was felt that changes in the management of this herd could help reduce the incidence of disease on the farm.
Animal health needs of small producers
Authors: Horne Jim
Published: March 2023

Paper presented at the Third Annual Sunbelt Meeting for Food Animal Veterinary Medical Teaching, Oklahoma City, Aug. 6- 7, 1988.
Segmental aplasia of a uterine horn (uterus unicornis) in a Senepol beef cow
Authors: Stettler M. , Linnabary R. D. , Henry R. W. , Held J. P.
Published: March 2023

A six year old Senepol cow was presented to the Department of Rural Practice, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee in March, 1988 because of reproductive failure. According to the history, she had her first calf in July 1984 and a second one in July 1986. Both were born healthy but died later of accidental influences. The cow was flushed as an embryo transfer donor, without success, approximately two months after delivering her second calf. As no estrous was observed after the flushing attempt, the cow was turned out with a bull for pasture breeding. The bull was never seen mounting the cow.
Reproductive endocrinology of the cow: Part 1
Authors: Yadav M. C. , Walton J. S. , Leslie K. E.
Published: March 2023

Veterinarians active in herd reproductive health programs will invariably become responsible for assessment of ovarian status, for therapy to alter ovarian activity, and for programs designed to manipulate the estrus cycle of groups of cattle. Effectively completing these procedures requires an increasingly detailed understanding of normal reproductive events and hormonal changes. This is a two part series aimed at a description of basic bovine reproductive endocrinology. Part 1 details the endocrinological changes that occur in the normal bovine estrus cycle. The effects and limitations of prostaglandin administration are described. In Part 2, the methods used to effect a superovulatory response and the hormonal events of superovulation in the bovine are presented.
Bacteriological findings in nasal and lower respiratory tract samples of calves with acute respiratory disease
Authors: Viring S. , Boleske G. , Franklin A. , Rehbinder V. , Segal T. , Troedsson M.
Published: March 2023

Infectious calf pneumonia passes off with high morbidity and is frequent in housed dairy animals in the winter. In Sweden the greatest disease problems occur in the “specialized calfrearing units” for meat production. To these farms about 100,000 calves (> 2 weeks old) are now mediated every year from dairy farms. Viral mycoplasmal and bacterial agents are involved in the complex etiology. From emergency slaughtered animals in Sweden Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella hemolytica and Actinomyces pyogenes were the most commonly isolated bacteria. Mycoplasma dispar was the most commonly mycoplasmal species isolated. No investigation has been performed in Sweden over bacteria present in the lower respiratory tract at the acute phase of calf pneumonia.

The aim of the present study was to compare the bacteriological flora in the nasal cavity with that of the lower respiratory tract in diseased animals and in healthy animals.
Design of slip-resistant surfaces for dairy cattle buildings
Authors: Cermak Jan
Published: March 2023

Performance specifications for concrete floor surfaces are given. The concrete surface should be textured to improve adhesion between the hoof horn and the surface. Tamped, brush, steel float, wood float and grooved finishes are discussed. Advice for dealing with slippery and polished old concrete floors and on how to prevent slippery floors is given. Injuries to cattle caused by slippery and broken floors are discussed.
Digital sepsis
Authors: Weaver A. David
Published: March 2023

Both on economic and humane grounds, investigation and treatment should be initiated early. While this is required in problems of deep sepsis, it is also applicable to herd lameness problems, which require good records, keen and careful observation, and a willing spirit of cooperation on the part of farmer, dairyman, veterinarian and related professionals.
Case report
Authors: Medina-Cruz Mario
Published: March 2023

On January 22, 1989 we were called to the state of Veracruz, on the coast of Mexico, to examine a 19-month old Indubrazil Zebu bull (Bos Indicus), that had presented recurrent bloat and progressive loss of physical condition for the last three and a half months.
Salorn
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Salorn, a new breed of lean beef cattle, is under development in the United States. The Salorn is comprised of 5/8 French Salers and 3/8 Texas Longhorn blood. This combination of genetics utilizes the most historically adapted breed of cattle in America-the Texas Longhorn-with the Salers, which is claimed to be the most proven carcass quality breed.
Johne's disease in cattle
Authors: Cline Greg
Published: March 2023

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and its clinical result, Johnes disease, has world-wide economic implications for bovine, ovine, caprine, and various wild animal-related disciplines and production systems.11 Johnes disease can be worrisome and devastating, but it is possible to reduce economic loss through use of proper management and prevention techniques.