bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Reliability of NO2 Monitoring Using Low-Cost Sensors by Compensating for Temperature and Humidity Effects
Authors: Alejo-Sánchez Daniellys , Schalm Olivier , Álvarez-Cruz Arianna , Hernández-Rodríguez Erik , Martínez-Laguardia Alain , Kairuz-Cabrera David , Morales-Pérez Mayra C.
Published: October 2024

The study investigates methods to enhance the reliability of NO2 monitoring using low-cost electrochemical sensors to measure gaseous pollutants in air by addressing the impacts of temperature and relative humidity. The temperature within a plastic container was controlled using an internal mica heater, an external hot air blower or cooling packs, while relative humidity was adjusted using glycerin solutions. Findings indicated that the Auxiliary Electrode (AE) signal is susceptible to temperature and moderately affected by relative humidity. In contrast, the Working Electrode (WE) signal is less affected by temperature and relative humidity; however, adjustments are still required to determine gas concentrations accurately. Tests involving on/off cycles showed that the AE signal experiences exponential decay before stabilizing, requiring the exclusion of initial readings during monitoring activities. Additionally, calibration experiments in zero air allowed the determination of the compensation factor nT across different temperatures and humidity levels. These results highlight the importance of compensating for temperature and humidity effects to improve the accuracy and reliability of NO2 measurements using low-cost electrochemical sensors. This refinement makes the calibration applicable across a broader range of environmental conditions. However, the experiments also show a lack of repeatability of the zero calibration.
Random Plasmonic Laser Based on Bismuth/Aluminum/Yttria/ Silver Co-Doped Silica Fiber with Microcavity Shaped Tip
Authors: Fuente-León J. A. de la , Martinez Gámez M. A. , Lucio M. J. L. , Kir’yanov A. V. , Hernández-Chahín K. G. , Paul M. C.
Published: October 2024

In this study, we demonstrate a proof of principle of an all-fiber random laser due to the plasmonic effect. This was achieved in a fiber co-doped with Bismuth/Aluminum/Yttria/Silver in which a microsphere (microcavity) at the fiber’s tip was made using a splicing machine. The presence in the fiber of Bismuth- and silver nanoparticles along with Bismuth-Aluminum phototropic centers stands behind the observed phenomenon. The effect can be attributed to in-pair functioning of this unit as an active medium and volumetric plasmonic feedback, with the result being lasing at 807 nm under 532-nm pumping with notably low (~2 mW) threshold.
New Geological and Ecological Insights on the Lake Faro Global Geosite Within the Messina Strait Framework (Italy)
Authors: Somma Roberta , Giuffrè Ezio , Amonullozoda Sakho , Spoto Sebastiano Ettore , Giacobbe Arturo , Giacobbe Salvatore
Published: October 2024

The Lake Faro brackish basin (Sicily, Italy) was established Global Geosite as key locality of tectonic coastal lakes, but few were the research devoted this rare geological and ecological framework. To fill this gap, the main stratigraphical, sedimentological, ecological, morpho-bathymetric, and structural features were reported here first, linking geodiversity with biodiversity. In Lake Faro a shallow platform develops alongside a deep funnel–like shaped basin, reaching a maximum depth of 29 m. A NNW-SSE trending steep cliff, representing the abrupt transition from the platform to the basin, was interpreted as a dextral transtensive fault (Faro Lake Fault), presumably active since the late Pleistocene. The switches of the steep cliff NW-wards, acquiring a E-W trend, was interpreted as due to the occurrence of the Mortelle normal Fault, cut by the Faro Lake Fault. Abiotic bottom deposits consisted of coarse- to fine-grained quartzo–lithic rich sediments deriving from high grade metamorphic and igneous rocks, whereas the biotic component mainly consisted of bioclasts de-riving from clam farming actives for some centuries since today. The Quaternary shallow platform, from top to base includes: i) soft cover composed of coarse abiotic and prevalent biotic deposits; ii) hard conglomerates cemented by carbonates; iii) siliciclastic coarse deposits of the Messina Fm. In the deep basin, siliciclastic silty loams with minor amounts of biotic coarse deposits prevailed in the soft cover. The lake, exploited since the prehistoric age because of its high biodiversity and productivity, maintains some evidence of millennial relationships with the resident human cul-tures, there attracted by the favorable geomorphological and ecological peculiarities.
Advanced Solutions to Boundary Value Problems: A Comparative Study of Rayleigh-Ritz and the Finite Element Method
Authors: Osuntoki Joseph
Published: October 2024

Purpose - This study investigates the solution of a boundary value problem using two numerical methods: the Rayleigh-Ritz method and the finite element method (FEM). The aim is to compare the performance of these methods and assess the reliability of FEM as an generalization of the Rayleigh-Ritz approach for more complex problems. Design/Methodology/Approach - The Rayleigh-Ritz method and the linear element formulation of the finite element method were employed to solve the boundary value problem. A detailed comparison of the results obtained from both methods was performed. Graphical illustrations were used to present the solutions, and potential sources of error were analyzed, including element and domain approximation errors, round-off errors, and the impact of using linear rather than quadratic elements in FEM. Findings - The solutions generated by both methods were found to be in close agreement, demonstrating that FEM is a viable alternative to the Rayleigh-Ritz method for solving boundary value problems. The minor discrepancies observed can be attributed to approximation errors and the choice of linear elements in the finite element analysis. Originality/Value - This work highlights the applicability and effectiveness of both the Rayleigh-Ritz method and FEM in solving boundary value problems. It underscores the finite element method’s flexibility, especially in handling more complex boundary conditions and geometries, and contributes to the understanding of the factors influencing the accuracy of numerical methods in structural analysis.
Aerosolized Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin-LR Induces Type 1/Type 17 Inflammation of Murine Airways
Authors: Breidenbach Joshua D , French Benjamin W. , Stanoszek Lauren M. , Lavik John-paul , Maddipati Krishna Rao , Premathilaka Sanduni H. , Baliu-Rodriguez David , Timalsina Bivek , Aradhyula Vaishnavi , Patel Shivani , Lad Apruva C. , Syed Irum , Kleinhenz Andrew , Blomquist Thomas M. , Gohara Amira F. , Dube Prabhatchandra , Zhang Shungang , Faleel Dhilhani , Khalaf Fatimah K. , Isailovic Dragan , Wooten R. Mark , Willey James , Hammersley Jeffrey , Modyanov Nikolai N. , Malhotra Deepak , Dworkin Lance D , Kennedy David J. , Haller Steven T.
Published: October 2024

Harmful algal blooms are increasing globally and pose serious health concerns releasing cyanotoxins. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), one of the most frequently produced cyanotoxins, has recently been detected in aerosols generated by the normal motions of affected bodies of water. MC-LR aerosol exposure has been linked to a pro-inflammatory influence on the airways of mice, however little is understood about the underlying mechanism or the potential consequences. This study aimed to investigate the pro-inflammatory effects of aerosolized MC-LR on murine airways. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were exposed to MC-LR aerosols, as these strains are predisposed to type 1/type 17 and type 2 immune responses, respectively. Exposure to MC-LR induced granulocytic inflammation in C57BL/6 but not BALB/c mice, as observed by increased expression of cytokines MIP-1α, CXCL1, CCL2, and GM-CSF compared with their respective vehicle controls. Furthermore, the upregulation of interleukins IL-17A and IL-12 is consistent with Th1 and Th17 driven type 1/type 17 inflammation. Histological analysis confirmed inflammation in the C57BL/6 lungs, with elevated neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased pro-inflammatory oxidized lipids. In contrast, BALB/c mice showed no significant airway inflammation. These results highlight the ability of aerosolized MC-LR to trigger harmful airway inflammation, requiring further research.
A Cancer-Specific Anti-Podoplanin Monoclonal Antibody, PMab-117-mG2a Exerted Antitumor Activities in Human Tumor Xenograft Models
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Ohishi Tomokazu , Kaneko Mika K. , Kato Yukinari
Published: October 2024

Podoplanin (PDPN) overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in various tumors. PDPN is involved in tumor malignant progression by promoting invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, PDPN is considered a promising target of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy. Because PDPN also plays an essential role in normal cells such as kidney podocytes, cancer specificity is required to reduce adverse effects on normal cells. We developed cancer-specific mAbs (CasMabs) against PDPN, PMab-117 (rat IgM, kappa), by immunizing rats with PDPN-overexpressed glioblastoma cells. The recombinant mouse IgG2a-type PMab-117 (PMab-117-mG2a) reacted with the PDPN-positive tumor PC-10 and LN319 cells but not with PDPN-knockout LN319 cells in flow cytometry. PMab-117-mG2a did not react with normal kidney podocytes and normal epithelial cells from the lung bronchus, mammary gland, and corneal. In contrast, one of the non-CasMabs against PDPN, NZ-1, showed high reactivity to PDPN in both tumor and normal cells. Moreover, PMab-117-mG2a exerted antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in the presence of effector splenocytes. In the human tumor xenograft models, PMab-117-mG2a exhibited potent antitumor effects. These results indicated that PMab-117-mG2a could be applied to antibody-based therapy against PDPN-expressing human tumors while reducing the adverse effects.
Artificial Intelligence‐Enabled Metaverse for Sustainable Smart Cities: Technologies, Applications, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Lifelo Zita , Ding Jianguo , Ning Huansheng , -Ul-Ain Qurat , Dhelim Sahraoui
Published: October 2024

In recent years, rapid urbanization has intensified the need for sustainable solutions to address growing demands on urban infrastructure, climate change, and resource constraints. As smart cities strive to enhance citizen experiences by improving infrastructure, increasing accessibility, and accelerating economic growth, artificial intelligence (AI) and the Metaverse offer transformative potential for developing sustainable urban environments. However, integrating AI with the Metaverse for sustainable smart city development remains underexplored amid data management and processing challenges, privacy, security, and technological integration. This study addresses this gap by reviewing advancements in AI and its role within the Metaverse's architecture in smart cities. It explores how AI enables data analysis, enhances user experiences through computer vision and natural language processing, optimizes connectivity with 6G and Edge AI, strengthens security through blockchain, and manages the creation of digital twins. Through a comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed publications and research projects, the review investigates how AI is integrated into key technologies to realize the Metaverse for sustainable smart cities. Specific applications in smart environments, mobility, energy, health, governance, and the economy are highlighted through AI-enabled use cases, offering a practical roadmap for implementing solutions to enhance citizens' quality of life, promote economic growth, and achieve sustainability. Lastly, future directions are discussed, addressing potential challenges by emphasizing interoperability and scalability and underscoring the need for robust data governance frameworks and AI ethics guidelines to address privacy, security, and ethical concerns. This approach aims to unlock the full potential of AI in enhancing the sustainability of smart cities within the Metaverse.
Context-Aware and Task-Specific Prompting with Iterative Refinement for Historical Texts
Authors: Zhang Jingjing
Published: October 2024

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced natural language processing (NLP), yet their application to historical texts remains challenging due to archaic language, distinct terminologies, and varied contextual backgrounds. This study introduces Historical Domain Large Language Models, designed to bridge this gap by adapting LLMs for better comprehension and processing of historical data. Our approach leverages context-aware and task-specific prompts to enhance model performance in tasks such as named entity recognition (NER), sentiment analysis, and information extraction within historical contexts. We propose an iterative refinement process to improve prompt quality and model outputs continuously. Instruction tuning on newly collected evaluation data ensures our methods' efficacy, avoiding biases from previously used datasets. Evaluations using GPT-4 demonstrate significant improvements in handling historical texts, underscoring the potential of our approach to unlock profound insights from historical data. This work highlights the importance of tailored LLM adaptations for specialized domains, offering a robust framework for future research in historical NLP.
Design and Simulation of an Experimental Flying Cutting Plant for the Implementation of Control Strategies in an Academic Environment
Authors: Ramírez-Jiménez DF , Torres Valencia Cristian Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Test plants or laboratory prototypes are essential for the development of training activities in engineering. In the area of automation and control, in particular, equipment that model to a high degree those generally found in industrial processes is required, allowing engineers in training to be in permanent contact with the challenges of the context in which they work. This paper presents the design and simulation of a fly cutting plant for use in academic environments. In the design, a 3D model was built in SketchUp, considering features present in industrial plants. The simulation of the system was developed in MATLAB through a mathematical modeling of the plant. The main contribution of the work carried out was the design of a low-cost and small-dimension industrial prototype, which includes a conveyor belt and a continuous cutting mechanism through which large-scale industrial processes can be known and operated. As results, performance tests were performed in tools such as MATLAB, Simulink, and Code Composer Studio. After the operation, the operation and cutting tests were implemented using a classical control technique. Additionally, all the design features of a flying cutting plant, which can be easily implemented for the development of process control-oriented activities, are presented.
Surface Charging Analysis of Ariel Spacecraft in L2-Relevant Space Plasma Environment and GEO Early Transfer Orbit
Authors: Michelagnoli Marianna , Focardi Mauro , Pudney Maxsim , Renouf Ian , Merola Pierpaolo , Noce Vladimiro , Nunez Marina Vela , Dinuzzi Giacomo , Chiarucci Simone
Published: October 2024

Ariel (Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey) is the ESA Cosmic Vision M4 mission, selected in March 2018 and officially adopted in November 2020 whose launch is sched-uled by 2029. It aims at characterizing the atmospheres of hundreds of exoplanets orbiting nearby stars by low-resolution primary and secondary transit spectroscopy. The Ariel spacecraft's opera-tional orbit is baselined as a large amplitude, eclipse-free halo orbit around the second Lagrangian (L2) point, a virtual point located at about 1.5 million km from the Earth in anti-Sun direction, as it offers the possibility of long uninterrupted observations in a fairly stable radiative and ther-mo-mechanical environment. A direct escape injection with a single passage through the Van Allen radiation belts is foreseen. During both the injection trajectory and the final orbit around L2, Ariel will be immersed in and interact with Sun radiation and the plasma environment. These interac-tions usually result in the accumulation of net electrostatic charge on the external surfaces of the spacecraft, leading to a potentially hazardous configuration for the nominal operation and sur-vivability of the Ariel platform and its payload, as it may induce harmful electrostatic discharges (ESDs).
This work presents the latest results collected from surface charging analyses conducted using the SPIS tool of the European SPINE community along the GEO insertion orbit segment and operational orbit.
Seismic Response Characteristics of Utility Tunnels Crossing River Considering Hydrodynamic Pressure Effects
Authors: Wang Yuanhong , Zhang Yang , Huang Ziyuan , Wang Konghao , Tang Aiping
Published: October 2024

As a long lifeline system of buried structures, Utility tunnel (UT) is vulnerable to earthquake invading. For utility tunnels with inverted siphon arrangement crossing the river, the seismic response is more complex due to the basin effect of acceleration in the topography and the influence of fluctuating hydrodynamic pressure. Based on a UT project in Haikou, this paper studied seismic response of cast-in-place UT considering the coupled model of water-soil-tunnel structure on ABAQUS software. Herein, the dynamic fluctuation of hydrodynamic pressure is simulated using acoustic-solid interaction model. A viscoelastic artificial boundary was used to simulate the soil boundary effect, and seismic loads were equivalent to nodal forces. Considering seismic invading direction and varying water elevation, the paper investigates the dynamic response characteristics and damage mechanisms of river-crossing utility tunnels. The study shows that basin effects cause the different acceleration amplifying of the soil around the UT in different sections, and the greater damage to the tunnels in bidirectional seismic excitation, which the damage concentrated at the junction of the transition between the horizontal section and the vertical section; Bending moments and axial forces are the dominant mechanical behaviors along the axial direction; and the river water level change influences the internal distribution of the tunnels, showing a certain amount of energy dissipation and seismic damping effects. For the aseismic design of cross-river cast-in-place utility tunnels, bidirectional seismic calculations should be performed, and the influence of river hydrodynamic pressure should not be neglected.
A Study of the Electro-Optical Properties of Silicon-Based Top-Emission OLED
Authors: Patel Krishn Das , Juang Fuh-Shyang , Wang Ding-Yuan , Lin Yi-Jing , Li Yi-Sheng
Published: October 2024

This research aims to develop top-emission OLEDs (Organic Light light-emitting diodes) that exhibit enhanced electro-optical properties regarding color purity, luminance, efficiency, stability, and longer lifetime. To achieve this aim, we have used silicon wafer substrates with a thickness of 675 m. Top-emission OLED fabrication on silicon wafer substrates requires careful material selection and layer configuration. This device structure is described as follows: Silicon/Al (100 nm)/ HATCN (10 nm)/ Dic-TRZ: Ir(mppy)3 (40 nm)/ TPBi (30 nm)/ LiF 1.2 nm / Al 19.9 nm. LiF/Al combination is used as the semi-transparent cathode. Research on top-emission OLEDs has demonstrated the importance of silicon wafer substrates in enhancing electro-optical properties. The optical properties of top-emission OLEDs are significantly influenced by factors such as the semitransparent cathode layer's thickness and the anode layer's surface roughness. Study findings encompass the impact of microcavity on TEOLEDs, dopant concentration on device performance, and device thermal conductivity and lifetime. To create a highly efficient top-emission OLED on a silicon substrate, we meticulously fine-tuned parameters such as the thickness of the cathode Al layer (19.9 nm), the organic layer thickness (HIL - HATCN 10 nm, HTL - NPB 30 nm, ETL - TPBi 30 nm, EML - DIC–TRZ: Ir(mppy)3 40 nm), and the dopant concentration. Electro-optical performance has been significantly improved through optimization, especially in devices with high dopant concentrations. The 38% dopant concentration experiments resulted in a peak current density of 201.97 mA/cm2, a luminance of 4776 cd/m2, and an efficiency of 2.36 cd/A at 9 V. In addition, the high dopant concentration has resulted in a narrow spectral range, indicating a strong microcavity effect. Additionally, Si-TEOLEDs were tested for lifetime under these specific conditions, exhibiting a half-life of 420 hours.
The Effect of Follow-Up Period on the Relationship between Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Risk of Stroke and Major Cardiovascular Event in Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Grant William B. , Boucher Barbara J.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Prospective cohort studies are useful for studying how biomolecular status affects risk of adverse health outcomes. Less well known is that the longer the follow-up time, the lower the apparent effect due to “regression dilution.” Here we evaluate how follow-up time affects the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and incidence of stroke and major cardiovascular events (MCEs). Methods: Findings regarding the relative risk (RR) of stroke and MCEs with respect to serum 25(OH)D concentrations at baseline from prospective cohort studies were plotted against mean follow-up time. Fifteen studies from mainly European countries and the United States were used for stroke, with nine studies for MCEs. Linear regression analyses were performed for follow-up periods of up to 10 years. Results: For stroke, the linear regression fit for 1–10 years is RR = 0.34 + (0.065 × follow-up [years]), r = 0.84, adjusted r2 = 0.67, p 20 ng/mL should be recommended for everyone likely to be at risk for stroke or MCE and indeed in the general population.
Improving Antimicrobial Stewardship in Acute Sore Throat: Comparison of FeverPAIN and McIsaac Scores with Molecular Point of Care Testing Using Abbott ID NOW
Authors: Daniels Rob , El Omda Tarek , Mokbel Kinan
Published: October 2024

The diagnosis of streptococcal throat infection is an area where current practice results in significant over diagnosis of bacterial infection with resulting implications for antimicrobial use and resistance. The use of molecular point of care (POC) testing has been shown previously to alter antibiotic prescribing decisions when compared to Centor scoring. In this study POC testing was shown to perform significantly better than FeverPAIN and McIsaac scores in the diagnosis of streptococcal throat infection providing further support for the use of Abbott ID NOW point of care testing to reduce antibiotic prescribing.
Current-Induced Field-Free Switching of Co/Pt Multilayer via Modulation of Interlayer Exchange Coupling and Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Kim Byungro , Seo Dongpyo , Yoon Seungha , Han S.H. , Cho B.K.
Published: October 2024

Current-induced field-free magnetic switching using spin-orbit torque has been an important topic for decades due to both academic and industrial interest. Most research has focused on introducing symmetry breakers, such as geometrical and compositional variation, pinned layer, and symmetry-broken crystal structures, which add complexity to the magnetic structure and fabrication process. We designed relatively simple magnetic structure, composed of a [Co/Pt] multilayer and a Co layer with perpendicular and in-plane magnetic anisotropy, respectively, with a Cu layer between them. Current-induced deterministic magnetic switching was observed in this magnetic system. The system is advantageous for its easy control of the parameters to achieve the optimal condition for magnetic switching. The balance between magnetic anisotropic strength and interlayer coupling strength is found to provide the optimal condition. This simple design and easy adjustability opens various possibilities for magnetic structures in spin-based electronics applications using spin-orbit torque.
Healthcare Utilization and Clinical Outcomes of Lanadelumab: Insights from Spain's First Cohort of Difficult-to-Treat Hereditary Angioedema Patients
Authors: Sánchez-Machín Inmaculada , González-Pérez Ruperto , Mederos-Luis Elena , García-Gil Sara , Poza-Guedes Paloma
Published: October 2024

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder clinically characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling, affecting the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and airways. Lanadelumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits plasma kallikrein, is approved for long-term prophylaxis (LTP) in HAE patients, demonstrating effectiveness in reducing disease burden. This study evaluated the real-world impact of lanadelumab on healthcare resource utilization, angioedema episode frequency, and quality of life (QoL) in adult HAE type 1 patients treated at the Allergy Department of Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife Spain. A retrospective review of electronic medical records was conducted for patients who iniciated LTP with lanadelumab between March 2021 and June 2024. Results confirmed a 75.27% reduction in hospital visits, and a 94.1% decrease in the average number of angioedema episodes during the study period. Additionally, the use of on-demand rescue medication (icatibant) was significantly reduced by 61% (p<0.05), with HAEQoL scores improving from 62.2 to 99.5 points, and no significant adverse effects were reported. These findings indicate that lanadelumab effectively reduces healthcare resource utilization and angioedema episodes, while notably enhancing the QoL in selected HAE type 1 patients.
Polyurethane Synthesized with Mixtures of Polycarbonate Polyols of Different Molecular Weights Showing Intrinsic Self-Healing at 20 °C and Relevant Adhesion Properties
Authors: Paez-Amieva Yuliet , Mateo-Oliveras Noemí , Martín-Martínez José Miguel
Published: October 2024

Polyurethanes (PUs) with self-healing at 20 °C, acceptable mechanical properties and high adhesion were synthesized by using blends of polycarbonate polyols of molecular weights 1000 and 2000 Da (CD1000 + CD2000). The structural, thermal, rheological, mechanical and adhesion (single lap-shear tests) properties of the PUs were assessed. The length of the polycarbonate soft segments and the interactions between them determined the self-healing ability, the mechanical properties and the adhesion of the PUs. PUs with higher CD1000 polyol content exhibited shorter self-healing times and dominant viscous properties due to a higher amount of free carbonate groups, significant carbonate-carbonate interactions and low micro-phase separation. As the CD2000 polyol content increased in the PUs, slower kinetics and longer self-healing times were obtained, and higher mechanical and adhesion properties as well, due to a dominant rheological elastic behavior, higher crystallinity of the soft segments and greater micro-phase separation. All PUs synthesized with CD1000 +CD2000 blends exhibited a mixed phase due to interactions between the polycarbonate soft segments of different lengths which favored self-healing and mobility of the polymer chains leading to an increase of the mechanical properties. The adhesion properties of the PUs were similar to the highest ones reported in the literature.
A Methodical Framework for Integrating Serverless Cloud Computing into Microservice Architectures
Authors: Barua Biman , Kaiser M. Shamim
Published: October 2024

In today’s world of software development technologies, serverless cloud computing with microservices is a big deal. Microservices gives modularity, agility and scalability, while serverless allows to code without having to maintain any internal hardware infrastructure, so processes are streamlined and costs are reduced by 60% compared to traditional server based systems. In this paper we looked at the challenges of microservices and serverless architecture and how to address them. We analyzed existing architectures and proposed a conceptual framework that will give you a complete solution for building scalable and efficient cloud native applications that reduces costs by 30-50%, improves resource utilization by 15-20%. Cold start latency, a common issue in serverless computing is reduced by 25% using standardized optimization techniques. This paper also compares server based and serverless technologies on scalability, resource efficiency and cost. These findings will give you a serverless approach to cloud software development and supports the trend of architectural adoption so you can have more dynamic and efficient systems.
Exploring Strategies to Market SMEs Activities: The Role of Personality Traits and Travel Motivations towards Tourist Activities
Authors: Moisa Delia Gabriela , Parapanos Demos , Heap Tim
Published: October 2024

Traditionally, professionals in the tourism sector have been encouraged to segment their market based on socio-demographic variables. However, the multifaceted nature of tourist activity calls for consideration of psychological factors to effectively shape marketing strategies. This study aims to provide insights for tourism industry practitioners by investigating the roles of tourists’ personalities and travel motivations in shaping their activities, and commitment to sustainability in Cumbria, home to UNESCO World Heritage Sites like The Lake District National Park, and Hadrian's Wall. Data was collected using quantitative methods to identify correlations between personality traits, travel motivations, and tourist activities. Additionally, a qualitative focus group with SME representatives from Cumbria provided insights into their understanding of the model. The findings provide significant insights into how the relationship between personality traits, travel motivations and tourist activities benefit tourism SMEs. By comprehending tourist behaviour, SMEs can tailor their offerings to appeal to the right audience, mitigating the adverse effects of overtourism, and therefore do more than allude to the concept of sustainability. Using these insights, SMEs could make informed decisions and create more effective marketing strategies, fostering sustainable practices that benefit both their customers and the long-term viability of their businesses and the destination.
Taxonomic Status and Diffusion Trend Prediction Under the Effect of Host Plant of the Urban Oligophagous Pest Histia rhodope
Authors: Du Huicong , Shen Jingxin , Luo Wenping , Yang Zi , Zhang Daizhen , Kong Xiangbo
Published: October 2024

Histia rhodope is an oligophagous pest that only feeds on Bischofia polycarpa. Recently, frequent outbreaks of H. rhodope have greatly impacted the urban landscape and people’s life. The taxonomic status and diffusion trend of H. rhodope were studied based on its mitogenome sequence and the MaxEnt model. The mitogenome stucture of H. rhodope has certain conserved character. The species of lepidopteran moths in each superfamily and family were monophyletic. The genetic distance between H. rhodope and Eterusia aedea was the closest (0.09). By 2050, the suitable habitat area of H. rhodope is expected to increase (71.63 × 104 km2). The centroid changes of the distribution of H. rhodope shifted from Anhui to Hubei province (distance shifted: 255.71 km). Climate factor like annual mean temperature, mean temperature of driest quarter, precipitation seasonality, and precipitation of coldest quarter affected the distribution of H. rhodope, and the suitable habitat of the host plant of biotic factor is the potential invasion area for its further spread. Our results revealed the taxonomic status of H. rhodope across lepidopteran moths, emphasized the risk of its spread and the important role of host plant, provided valuable molecular and ecological data for managing and monitoring H. rhodope.
Diagnostics, Predictors and the Efficacy of Lymphedema Decongestive Therapy
Authors: Dzupina Andrej , Yaluri Nagendra Kumar , Jankajova Monika
Published: October 2024

Lymphedema, a chronic condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial tissue, leads to swelling primarily in the extremities, though other parts of the body can be affected. This condition commonly arises following lymph node dissection, radiation therapy, or due to inherent defects in the lymphatic system. Effective management of lymphedema is crucial due to its impact on function and quality of life, with complete decongestive therapy (CDT) serving as the cornerstone of treatment. CDT, a multimodal approach involving manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), compression bandaging, skin care, and exercise, has been widely adopted.

Research highlights the significance of early diagnosis and initiation of CDT to prevent irreversible lymphatic damage and worsening of symptoms. The predictors of successful outcomes in decongestive therapy include timely initiation of treatment, patient adherence to therapy regimens, and the comprehensive application of CDT components. Studies indicate that while all components of CDT are beneficial, the critical nature of compression therapy and exercise cannot be overstated, regardless of the MLD component's efficacy.

Furthermore, recent inquiries into the impact of skin and fat tissue characteristics on the efficacy of decongestive therapy have yielded insightful findings. Increased skin thickness and adipose tissue accumulation, as measured by echogenicity and volumetric analysis respectively, have been shown to complicate the management of lymphedema. Particularly in advanced stages, where fibrosis and fat deposition are predominant, traditional CDT might require augmentation with more aggressive treatments like liposuction or advanced compression techniques.

In this review we will discuss in detail how the success of decongestive therapy in lymphedema is influenced by multiple factors including the stage of lymphedema at diagnosis, the specific protocol employed, and individual patient factors such as skin and adipose tissue characteristics. Personalized treatment plans, early intervention, and consistent monitoring and adjustments based on patient response to therapy are essential for optimal management of this challenging condition. Further studies are warranted to explore the tailored approaches in lymphedema management, particularly in patients with significant changes in skin and subcutaneous tissue characteristics.
Human Brain and Mysticism
Authors: Deshpande Gopikrishna , Majumdar Joshita , Rangaprakash D
Published: October 2024

Mysticism has been an integral part of human society for ages. It involves both spirituality and religiosity. The former is associated with attaining higher states of consciousness without an essential belief in a supernatural power (or God), while the latter does. While there is plenty of speculative literature available on these topics, we instead focus on peer-reviewed scientific literature that is evidence-based. First, we briefly review technologies that can measure brain function. We make the case that concepts such as emotions and subjective experiences, which have long been considered outside the scope of objective scientific inquiry, are in fact amenable to objective scientific inquiry with technologies available today. To substantiate this point, we showcase scientific studies on spiritual aspects of mysticism such as meditation, mantra/chanting, and breath modulation. While we recognize that much of the research on these topics deals with their health benefits, we argue that associated brain changes are also conducive for attaining higher states of consciousness related to spirituality. Next, we present limited scientific literature on religiosity, dealing with its neural correlates, evolutionary biological origin, and usefulness for mental health. We close by arguing that the brain basis of mysticism cannot be seen in isolation from the body since these entities are intimately connected. We propose that future research should look at brain-body interactions and associated markers of mysticism using the latest technologies.
Assessing Parental Intention for Child COVID-19 Vaccination: Validation of the Modified Japanese 7C Readiness Scale
Authors: Tokiya Mikiko , Matsumoto Akiko , Furukawa Yutaro , Kobayashi Takaomi , Nakano Takashi , Hirota Yoshio , Hara Megumi
Published: October 2024

Parental willingness is a prerequisite for childhood immunization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether parental vaccine readiness and willingness using the modified Japanese 7C Readiness Scale can predict vaccination behavior. In December 2021, 2 months before the approval of COVID-19 vaccination for children aged 5–11 years in Japan, we asked 1,190 parents of such children about their children's vaccination against COVID-19 using the modified 7C scales in online. The modified 7C scales consist of 7 components, namely, confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, collective responsibility, compliance, and conspiracy. The modified 7C scales were analyzed for model fit and association with parental intention using structural equation modeling. The model fit of the modified 7C scale was good (goodness-of-fit index: 0.98), and the factor loadings and model fit for parental readiness were high (standardized factor loadings: 0.84). In January 2024, we asked the same parents about their children's COVID-19 vaccination (valid responses: 536). The components of the modified 7C scale were compared with actual vaccination behavior. Parents with a low readiness to vaccinate their children had a high non-vaccination rate with the actual COVID-19 vaccine. The use of the modified 7C scale may assist in the development of childhood vaccine policy interventions.
Evaluation of Effect of Clay-Water on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Drinking Water
Authors: Zafarullah Jamali Mir , Ali Keerio Manthar , Khoso Salim , Sohu Samiullah , Ali Mandan Ayaz , Soomro Zuhairuddin
Published: October 2024

The issue of degradation of drinking water quality has become a problem of great concern in Pakistan, and especially availability of water treatment facilities in the Sindh province of Pakistan is almost negligible, particularly in rural areas. And, the public has been using traditional methods to reduce the concentration of physic-chemical parameters in drinking water. Therefore this study was carried out to analyze the impact of a Clay-water cooler on physic-chemical parameters of drinking water. Analysis revealed that samples remained colorless, with the passage of time odor of water changed to a clayey odor; Turbidity increased with the passage of time and temperature decreased; the pH value of water increased initially and crossed the allowable limit but with time it was observed that pH of water decreased came under the limit; the concentration of EC, Cl, Ca, Total Hardness and TDS decreased for first 12 hours, but increased with increase in storage time. The value of Magnesium increased as storage time increased. Overall, it was disclosed that a Clay-water cooler has a positive impact on the quality of drinking water particularly if water is stored in a clay-water cooler for a time not longer than 8 hours.
Literature Review of Machine Learning and Threat Intelligence in Cloud Security
Authors: Thaqi Rrezearta , Krasniqi Bujar , Mazrekaj Artan , Rexha Blerim
Published: October 2024

Cloud computing has transformed IT services by making them more scalable and cost-effective. However, this shift has also introduced new security challenges that traditional methods are finding hard to tackle. This review paper looks at how combining machine learning (ML) with dynamic threat intelligence can improve cloud security — an approach that hasn’t been widely explored yet. By reviewing recent studies, we show that ML and threat intelligence can do more than just detect known threats. They can also adapt to new and evolving ones, making cloud systems much secure against cyber attacks. Our analysis highlights how this combined approach provides better protection and flexibility. We also identify some important gaps in the current research and suggest areas for future study to make these security systems even more effective. This review aims to provide useful insights for researchers, helping to build more proactive cloud security strategies.
A New Paradigm in AC Drive Control: Data Driven Based Control by Learning of the High Efficiency Data Set. Generalizations and Applications to a PMSM Drive Control System
Authors: Costin Madalin , Bivol Ion
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a new means to control the processes, which involve the electric energy conversion. Electric machines fed by electronic converters provide the useful power defined by the inner product of two generalized energetic variables: the effort and the speed. The novelty of the paper idea is to control the desired energetics variables by a direct Data Driven Control (DDC) law in terms of the pair effort, speed and corresponding voltage controls of the electronic converter. It must be mentioned that the same desired useful power might be obtained with different controls at different efficiencies. The regularization problem was solved by selecting from a knowledge database, the maximum efficiency operation points. Knowing a reasonable number of optimal efficiency operation points, an interpolative Radial Base Function (RBF) control was built up. The RBF algorithm can find by interpolation the optimal controls for any admissible operation points of the process. The control scheme developed for this purpose has an inner DDC loop, that perform the converter control based on measured speed and demanded torque by the outer loop which handles the speed. A comparison of the DDC with the Model Predictive Control (MPC) schemas highlights the advantages of the new proposed control.
LRRK2 G2019S Mutation Affects Human iPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sonninen Tuuli-Maria , Peltonen Sanni , Niskanen Jonna , Hämäläinen Riikka H , Koistinaho Jari , Lehtonen Šárka
Published: October 2024

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as an interface between the bloodstream and central nervous system. It limits the movement of molecules and immune cells, regulates the entry of nutrients, and removes waste products from the brain. The dysfunction of the BBB has been identified in Parkinson´s disease (PD) but the role of the BBB and endothelial cells (ECs) has not been well studied. LRRK2 G2019S mutation is the most common PD causing mutation with similar pathophysiology than in sporadic cases. How the mutation affects EC function has not been investigated previously in patient’s cells. In the study, we used iPSC-derived ECs from PD patients with the LRRK2 mutation as well as cells from healthy individuals. We report that PD ECs have higher levels of α-synuclein, altered mitochondrial respiration and response to inflammatory exposure, especially to TNFα. In addition, transcriptomic analysis showed upregulation of fatty acid synthesis related pathways in PD ECs and downregulation of lncRNA MEG3, both of which have been associated with PD. Altogether, PD ECs manifest some of the PD related hallmarks and are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of PD.
Exploring the Frontier: the Human Microbiome's Role in Rare Childhood Neurological Diseases and Epilepsy
Authors: Belnap Newell , Ramsey Keri , Carvalho Sophia T. , Nearman Lexi , Haas Hannah , Huentelman Matt , Lee Keehoon
Published: October 2024

Emerging research into the human microbiome, an intricate ecosystem of microorganisms residing in and on our bodies, reveals that it plays a pivotal role in maintaining our health, highlighting the potential for microbiome-based interventions to prevent, diagnose, treat, and manage a myriad of diseases. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of microbiome studies in enhancing our understanding of rare genetic epilepsy and related neurological disorders. Studies suggest that the gut microbiome, acting through the gut-brain axis, impacts the development and severity of epileptic conditions in children. Disruptions in microbial composition can affect neurotransmitter systems, inflammatory responses, and immune regulation, which are all critical factors in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. This growing body of evidence points to the potential of microbiome-targeted therapies, such as probiotics or dietary modifications, as innovative approaches to managing epilepsy. By harnessing the power of the microbiome, we stand to develop more effective and personalized treatment strategies for children affected by this and other rare neurological diseases.
Digital Assistance Systems to Implement Machine Learning in Manufacturing: Current State and Future Directions
Authors: Rosemeyer Jannik , Pinzone Marta , Metternich Joachim
Published: October 2024

Implementing machine learning technologies in manufacturing environment relies heavily on human expertise in terms of domain and machine learning knowledge. Yet, the required machine learning knowledge is often not available in manufacturing companies. A possible solution to overcome this competence gap and let domain experts with limited machine learning programming skills build viable applications are digital assistance systems that support the implementation. At the present, there is no comprehensive overview over corresponding assistance systems. Thus, within this study a systematic literature review was conducted. Twenty-nine papers were identified and analyzed in depth regarding machine learning use case, required resources and research outlook. Six key findings as well as requirements for future developments are derived from the investigation. As such, the existing assistance systems basically focus on technical aspects whereas the integration of the users as well as validation in industrial environments lack behind. Future assistance systems should put more emphasis on the users and integrate them both in development and validation.
Case Study: Occupational Orthostatic Hypotension in Nepal: Prevalence, Causes, and Management in High-Risk Professions
Authors: Agrawal Roshan
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a condition marked by a significant drop in blood pressure upon standing, resulting from impaired autonomic regulation of vascular tone and blood volume. This study investigates the prevalence, physiological mechanisms, and occupational risk factors for OH among high-risk professions in Nepal, such as traffic police, security guards, and shopkeepers. Using a cross-sectional design, participants were evaluated for blood pressure variability, autonomic function, and fluid balance. The findings reveal a high incidence of OH, linked to reduced baroreceptor sensitivity and impaired sympathetic activation due to prolonged standing and inadequate hydration. This study highlights the need for tailored clinical interventions and workplace modifications to mitigate OH in vulnerable occupational groups.