bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Membrane Surface Charge and Complexation-Ultrafiltration for Heavy Metals Removal: A Mini Review
Authors: Hamid M. F. , Yusof N. , Ismail N. M. , Azali M. A.
Published: March 2020

Membrane technology is a promising water purification unit operation from household use to industrial application owing to its simplicity of operation, efficient recovery and minimum need for chemical and space allocation. Due to that reason, study on the membrane applications have becoming more popular among scientific community nowadays and one of the applications is removal of heavy metal using ultrafiltration (UF). However, a stand-alone UF will be not able to carry out the removal of heavy metals effectively. Certain modification is required in order to enhance its rejection via unique facilitated mechanism. Thus in this review, role of surface charge interaction as well as the method of complexation-ultrafiltration were discussed.
Effect of Polymer Concentration on Matrimid 5218 based-Carbon Membrane for H2 Separation
Authors: Sharip Mohd Syafiq , Sazali Norazlianie , Ahmad Fatin Nurwahdah
Published: March 2020

Hydrogen (H2)-based economy development is expected to create extensive need for efficient collecting strategies of fairly high purity H2. The aim of a H2-selective membrane is to manipulate H2’s high diffusivity characteristics as well as to restrict the outcome of lower solubility. Carbon membranes offer high potential in gas separation industry due to its highly permeable and selective. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of carbonization parameter, i.e., polymer concentration on the gas separation properties. Matrimid 5218 was used as a precursor for carbon tubular membrane preparation to produce high quality of carbon membrane via carbonization process. The polymer solution was coated on the surface of tubular ceramic tubes using dip-coating method. Matrimid 5218-based carbon tubular membranes were fabricated and characterized in terms of its structural morphology, chemical structure, thermal stability, and gas permeation properties by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and pure gas permeation system, respectively. The polymer solution containing 15 wt% Matrimid 5218 shows the best formulation for the preparation of Matrimid 5218-based carbon tubular membrane. The highest H2/N2 selectivity of 401.08±2.56 was obtained for carbon membrane carbonized at 800oC with heating rate of 2oC/min.
Thermal Mechanical Stretching to Imprint Pores Morphology of Nitrocellulose Membrane for Immuno-sensing Application
Authors: Khamis Mohamad Faizal , Low Siew Chun
Published: March 2020

Performance of membrane such as the lateral flow wicking time and protein binding ability are important to generate consistent results for diagnostics purposes. Different diagnostic kit need different surface properties of membrane, structures and dimension. This work evaluates the feasibility of controlling membrane pores morphology through thermal-mechanical stretching. Results shows that membrane fabricated using longer nitrocellulose (NC) polymer chain length produced smaller pores with lower porosity (56%). Thus, it took longer time of 32s to migrate the testing liquid along the membrane strip. By having higher membrane’s porosity (72.3%), the membrane synthesized using shorter NC chain length exhibited faster wicking time, which is 3 times faster (wicking time of 8s) than that of the membrane produced with longer NC chain length. In terms of the thermal-mechanical stretching effects, the stretched membranes (both uniaxial and biaxial directions) had demonstrated improved immunoassay performances compared to the unstretched membrane. Specifically, uniaxial stretching is preferable than biaxial stretching configuration, due to the great improvement of lateral wicking time (22% faster) without jeopardize the membrane protein binding capacity (only 1.7% decrement),  in relative to the unstretched membrane. This study provides some interesting insight on the physical membrane modification to provide better performance in immunoassay applications.
Numerical Modeling of the Behaviors of Sacrificial Polymers on Reducing Surfactant Loss
Authors: Shi Erxiu , Cure David , Feng Yin , Ying Hao
Published: March 2020

The use of surfactants to alter the reservoir hydrocarbons affinity toward the injection fluids is an effective method to improve oil recovery for depleted reservoirs. However, the actual field applications of this technique are limited by economical complications such as the loss of surfactants in the reservoir rock pores. Reducing the adsorption of surfactants to the reservoir rock can be achieved through adding sacrificial agents to the injection slug. These sacrificial agents such as polymers can engage in a competitive behavior with surfactants for the adsorption on the reservoir rock surface. In this paper, a mathematical model that accounts for the interactive behaviors (adsorption and desorption) among multispecies nanoparticles in porous media was developed and validated by comparing with laboratory data to demonstrate its capability in solving adsorptive behaviors between surfactant and sacrificial polymers. An iterative solution associated with the presented model was verified by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method to prove its correctness in simulations. Three groups of computational experiments were designed, and four operational scenarios were analyzed for each group to compare various injection plans and investigate the effect of desorption rates of sacrificial polymers on relieving the loss of surfactant. Finally, the 1D solution was integrated into an in-house streamline simulator that indicates its compatibility to be integrated into streamline-based simulation procedures and its potential in solving for more complex 3D heterogeneous problems.
Design Features of MAN B&W Medium Speed Diesel Engines Optimizing Life Cycle Costs
Authors: Wachtmeister Georg , Koehler Horst W.
Published: March 2020

It is not only fuel and lube oil costs which determine life cycle costs of a diesel engine, but also maintenance costs and costs for replacements of wear components. All these costs are linked to the individual design of the engine and its capability to burn a variety of fuels, including low-priced heavy fuel oils. As an example, the paper describes several main components of MAN B&W medium-speed diesel engines (engine block, liner, piston) and how they contribute to lower life cycle costs by easier maintenance procedures, longer TBOs and longer life times. To achieve this is a challenging task for the engine manufacturer, since other strong market requirements such as reduced exhaust gas emissions or high power density have to be fulfilled simultaneously.
Effects of Diesel / Water Emulsion on Heat Flow and Thermal Loading in a Precombustion Chamber Diesel Engine
Authors: Selim M. Y. E. , Elfeky S. M. S.
Published: March 2020

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effects of using water / diesel emulsion fuel in an indirect injection diesel engine on the heat flux crossing liner and cylinder head, thermal loading and metal temperature distribution. A single cylinder precombustion chamber diesel engine has been used in the present work. The engine was instrumented for performance, metal temperature and heat flux measurements. The pure gas oil fuel and different ratios of water / diesel emulsion were used and their effects on the heat flux level and the injector tip temperature are studied. Two correlation were found for the heat flux crossing the liner and the cylinder head at various water / diesel emulsion ratios, fuelling rate and thermocouple probe locations. It was found that the addition of water to diesel fuel, to control the nitrogen oxides emissions, has great influence on reducing die heat flux, the metal temperatures and thermal loading of combustion chamber components.
Mechanical Design of Turbine Blades With Interlocking Tip Shrouds
Authors: Toler David F.
Published: March 2020

In contrast to the substantial body of literature regarding turbine aerodynamics and performance, there is a virtual absence of literature on the mechanical design of turbine components. As a contribution to this discipline, this paper is intended to provide an overview of a systematic approach for the mechanical design of turbine blades with interlocking tip shrouds which will result in a near-optimum mechanical and aerodynamic design for an industrial gas turbine.
Thermal Mismatch Effect and High-Temperature Tensile Performance Simulation of Hybrid CMC and Superalloy Bolted Joint by Progressive Damage Analysis
Authors: Zhao Shuyuan , Dong Jianglong , Lv Chao , Li Zhengyu , Sun Xinyang , Zhang Wenjiao
Published: March 2020

The hybrid CMC and superalloy bolted joints have exhibited great potential to be used as thermostructural components of reusable space transportation systems, given the respective strengths of these two materials. In the high temperature excursion of the hybrid joints with the aircrafts and space vehicles, the substantial difference in thermal expansion coefficients of CMC and superalloy materials will induce complex superposition of initial assembly stress, thermal stress, and tensile stress around fastening area, which might lead to unknown failure behavior of joint structure. To address this concern, a finite element model embedded with progressive damage analysis was established to simulate the thermostructural behavior and high-temperature tensile performance of single-lap, single-bolt C/SiC composite and superalloy joint, by using the ABAQUS software. It was found that the initial stiffness of the CMC/superalloy hybrid bolted joints decreases with the rise of applied temperature under all bolt-hole clearance levels. However, the load-bearing capacity varies significantly with the initial clearance level and exposed temperature for the studied joint. The thermal expansion mismatch generated between the CMC and superalloy materials led to significant changes in the assembly preload and bolt-hole clearance as the high-temperature load is applied to the joint. The evolution in the thermostructural behavior upon temperature was then correlated with the variations in stiffness and failure load of the joints. The provided new findings are valuable for structural design and practical application of the hybrid CMC/superalloy bolted joints at high temperatures in next-generation aircrafts.
A solar fed BLDC motor drive for mixer grinder using a buck converter
Authors: Nayak Deekshitha S. , Shivarudraswamy R.
Published: March 2020

In large and small scale applications, different kinds of variable speed driving systems can be found. For saving the energy consumption of these devices, eco-friendly electronics are used, which lead to the development of the Brushless DC motor (BLDC). Its higher power density, higher efficiency, higher torque at low speed, and low maintenance enhances the use of a BLDC motor. The existing mixer grinder consists of the universal motor, which operates in alternating current supply due to high starting torque characteristics and simple controlling of the speed. The absence of brushes and the reduction of noise in the BLDC extends its life and makes it ideal in a mixer grinder. A solar-powered BLDC motor drive for a mixer grinder is presented in this paper. A DC-DC buck converter is utilized to operate the PV (photovoltaic) array at its maximum power. The proposed hysteresis current control BLDC system has been developed in the MATLAB. The commercially available mixer grinder is presented along with the proposed simulated system for performance comparison. It can be concluded that at the no load condition, the efficiency of the experimental existing mixer grinder is 51.03% and simulated proposed system is 81.25% and at load condition, the efficiency of the experimental mixer grinder is 49.32% and simulated system is 79.85%.
Traveling wave based fault location for power transmission lines using morphological filters and clarke modal components
Authors: Khoudry Elmahdi , Belfqih Abdelaziz , Boukherouaa Jamal , Elmariami Faissal
Published: March 2020

This article presents a fast and accurate fault location approach for power transmission lines based on the theory of traveling waves. In fact, when faults occur, they give rise to transient voltages and currents that propagate at a speed close to that of light along the transmission line as traveling waves. Moreover, according to the superposition theorem, each of these transients is a combination of a steady-state quantity and an incremental quantity. These transient signals measured at both ends of the line are first transformed to the Clarke (0-α-β components) components in order to categorize the type of faults, and then multi-scale morphological gradient filters are used to extract equivalent quantities to the incremental quantities to form what are called characteristic signals. These latter will be used to identify the fault location according to the proposed algorithm.
Optimal unit commitment of a power plant using particle swarm optimization approach
Authors: Anyaka Boniface O. , Manirakiza J. Felix , Chike Kenneth C. , Okoro Prince A.
Published: March 2020

Economic load dispatch among generating units is very important for any power plant. In this work, the economic load dispatch was made at Egbin Thermal Power plant supplying a total load of 600MW using six generating units. In carrying out this study, transmission losses were assumed to be included into the load supplied. Also three different combinations in the form of 6, 5 and 4 units commitment were considered. In each case, the total load was optimally dispatched between committed generating units using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Similarly, the generation cost for each generating unit was determined. For case 1, the six generators were committed and the generation cost is 2,100,685.069$/h. For case 2, five generators were committed and the generation cost is 2,520,861.947$/h. For case 3, four generators were committed and the generation cost is 3,150,621.685$/h. From all considered cases, it was found that, the minimum generation cost was achieved when all six generating units were committed and a total of 420,178.878$/h was saved.
Dynamics performance of the wind-power supply chain with transmission capacity constraints
Authors: Herrera Milton M. , Uriona Mauricio , Dyner Isaac
Published: March 2020

Previous studies have shown that poor performance of energy supply chains arises from incorrectly interpret feedback information and time delays between decisions and actions in energy policy. This paper assesses alternatives to improve performance of wind-power supply chain with transmission constraints that contribute to enhance response capacity of the wind industry to changes of energy policy. In order to test these alternatives, this paper used a simulation model with system dynamics (SD), taking as case study Brazil. The simulation model represents the main time lags and fluctuations that exist in the wind-power supply chain. Four simulation scenarios were proposed to evaluate changes in auction-based policy in wind industry of Brazil. The results are related to operational capacity, inventory levels and response capacity. This paper provides an analysis of different scenarios that contribute with synchronization of auctions policy, including transmission capacity constraints.
Operation cost reduction in unit commitment problem using improved quantum binary PSO algorithm
Authors: Hussain Ali Nasser , Ismail Ali Abduladheem
Published: March 2020

Unit Commitment (UC) is a nonlinear mixed integer-programming problem. UC is used to minimize the operational cost of the generation units in a power system by scheduling some of generators in ON state and the other generators in OFF state according to the total power outputs of generation units, load demand and the constraints of power system. This paper proposes an Improved Quantum Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (IQBPSO) algorithm. The tests have been made on a 10-units simulation system and the results show the improvement in an operation cost reduction after using the proposed algorithm compared with the ordinary Quantum Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (QBPSO) algorithm.
Online monitoring of voltage stability margin using PMU measurements
Authors: Sahu Pankaj , Verma M. K.
Published: March 2020

With the growing smart grid concept it becomes important to monitor health of the power system at regular intervals for its secure and reliable operation. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) may play a vital role in this regard. This paper presents voltage stability monitoring in real time framework using synchrophasor measurements obtained by PMUs. Proposed approach estimates real power loading margin as well as reactive power loading margin of most critical bus using PMU data. As system operating conditions keep on changing, loading margin as well as critical bus information is updated at regular intervals using fresh PMU measurements. Simulations have been carried out using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) software. Accuracy of proposed Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) based estimation of voltage stability margin has been tested by comparing results with loading margin obtained by continuation power flow method (an offline approach for accurate estimation of voltage stability margin) under same set of operating conditions. Case studies performed on IEEE 14-bus system, New England 39-bus system and a practical 246-bus Indian power system validate effectiveness of proposed approach of online monitoring of loading margin.
An improved closed loop hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge converter
Authors: Narasimha S. , Salkuti Surender Reddy
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a new closed loop hybrid phase shift control is proposed for dual active bridge (DAB) converter with variable input voltage. The extended phase shift (EPS) control is applied when load gets heavy enough and the secondary side phase shift angle decreases to zero. When this modified DAB converter operates at light loads, the triple phase shift (TPS) modulation method is applied, and the added control freedom is the secondary phase shift angle between the two-secondary side switching legs. The hybrid phase shift control (HPS) scheme is a combination of EPS and TPS modulations, and it provides a very simple closed form implementation for the primary and secondary side phase shift angles. Depending on the application by changing the phase shift angles we can achieve Buck or Boost operation. A characteristic table feedback control method has been used for closed loop operation. By using 1D look up table the proposed DAB converter provides constant 400V for any given input voltage.
Challenges, issues and opportunities for the development of smart grid
Authors: Salkuti Surender Reddy
Published: March 2020

The development smart grids have made the power systems planning and operation more efficient by the application of renewable energy resources, electric vehicles, two-way communication, self-healing, consumer engagement, distribution intelligence, etc. The objective of this paper is to present a detailed comprehensive review of challenges, issues and opportunities for the development of smart grid. Smart grids are transforming the traditional way of meeting the electricity demand and providing the way towards an environmentally friendly, reliable and resilient power grid. This paper presents various challenges of smart grid development including interoperability, network communications, demand response, energy storage and distribution grid management. This paper also reviews various issues associated with the development of smart grid. Local, regional, national and global opportunities for the development of smart grid are also reported in this paper.
Antlion optimization algorithm for optimal non-smooth economic load dispatch
Authors: Van Thanh Pham , Snasel Vaclav , Nguyen Thang Trung
Published: March 2020

This paper presents applications of Antlion optimization algorithm (ALO) for handling optimal economic load dispatch (OELD) problems. Electricity generation cost minimization by controlling power output of all available generating units is a major goal of the problem. ALO is a metaheuristic algorithm based on the hunting process of Antlions. The effect of ALO is investigated by solving a 10-unit system. Each studied case has different objective function and complex level of restraints. Three test cases are employed and arranged according to the complex level in which the first one only considers multi fuel sources while the second case is more complicated by taking valve point loading effects into account. And, the third case is the highest challenge to ALO since the valve effects together with ramp rate limits, prohibited operating zones and spinning reserve constraints are taken into consideration. The comparisons of the result obtained by ALO and other ones indicate the ALO algorithm is more potential than most methods on the solution, the stabilization, and the convergence velocity. Therefore, the ALO method is an effective and promising tool for systems with multi fuel sources and considering complicated constraints.
Effect analysis of the different channel length and depth of photovoltaic thermal system with ∇-groove collector
Authors: Hadisaputra Saprizal , Zohri Muhammad , Bahtiar Bahtiar , Fudholi Ahmad
Published: March 2020

The converted Solar energy as electrical and thermal energy was named photovoltaic thermal (PVT). The aim of this study is to the analysis of different length and depth channel effect of photovoltaic thermal with ∇-groove collector by a mathematical model. The matrix inversion was used to analyze the energy balance equation. Simulation results were conducted below the solar intensity of 800 W/m2 and mass flow rate between 0.0069 kg/s and 0.0491 kg/s. Electrical and thermal efficiency was done to assess the effect of different length and channel depth of PVT system with ∇-groove collector. The effect of different length and depth of ∇-groove collector for electrical and thermal performance is caused by changed mass flow rate. The effect Increasing of the mass flow rate of collector increased the thermal and electrical performance of the ∇-groove collector.
Torque estimator using MPPT method for wind turbines
Authors: Baala Youssef , Bri Seddik
Published: March 2020

In this work, we presents a control scheme of the interface of a grid connected Variable Speed Wind Energy Generation System based on Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). The vectorial strategy for oriented stator flux GADA has been developed To extract the maximum power MPPT from the wind turbine. It uses a second order sliding mode controller and Kalman observer, using the super twisting algorithm. The simulation describes the effectiveness of the control strategy adopted.For A step and random profiles of the wind speed, reveals better tracking and perfect convergence of electromagnetic torque and concellation of reactive power to the stator. This control limits the mechanical stress on the tansmission shaft, improves the quality of the currents generated on the grid and optimizes the efficiency of the conversion chain.
Economic viability and profitability assessments of WECS
Authors: Abd Mohammed Kdair
Published: March 2020

Technical and technological advances in alternative energy sources have led many countries to add green energy to their power plants to reduce carbon emissions and air pollution. At present, many electricity companies are looking to use alternative sources of energy because of high electrical energy prices. Wind energy is more useful than many renewable energies such as solar, heat, biomass, etc. The Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) is a system that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy to feed the known loads. WECS can be found in a variety of technology. Climate change and load demand are essential determinants of WECS optimization modelling. In this paper, proposed a strategy focused primarily on economic analysis WECS. The strategy based on a weather change to find the optimal designing and modelling for four different types of WECS using HOMER software. Finally, several criteria were used to determine which type of WECS was the most profitable investment and less payback period.
The development of a wireless LCP-based intracranial pressure sensor for traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: Sattayasoonthorn Preedipat , Suthakorn Jackrit , M.D Sorayouth Chamnanvej
Published: March 2020

Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients can lead to death. ICP measurement is required to monitor the condition of a patient and to inform TBI treatment. This work presents a new wireless liquid crystal polymer (LCP) based ICP sensor. The sensor is designed with the purpose of measuring ICP and wirelessly transmitting the signal to an external monitoring unit. The sensor is minimally invasive and biocompatible due to the mechanical design and the use of LCP. A prototype sensor and associated wireless module are fabricated and tested to demonstrate the functionality and performance of the wireless LCP-based ICP sensor. Experimental results show that the wireless LCP-based ICP sensor can operate in the pressure range of 0 - 60.12 mmHg. Based on repeated measurements, the sensitivity of the sensor is found to be 25.62 µVmmHg-1, with a standard deviation of ± 1.16 µVmmHg-1. This work represents a significant step towards achieving a wireless, implantable, minimally invasive ICP monitoring strategy for TBI patients.
Integrated healthcare monitoring device for obese adults using internet of things (IoT)
Authors: Gupta Dev , Parikh Akanksha , Swarnalatha R.
Published: March 2020

Obesity is a global epidemic, often considered an impending disaster for the world’s population. Healthcare organizations and professionals repeatedly emphasize the negative impacts on obesity in the development of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and diabetes. The continuous monitoring of physiological parameters; namely SpO2, blood pressure, body temperature and pulse rate are imperative for obese adult patients. IoT is a dynamic field, used extensively in all fields: agriculture, automobile, manufacturing and retail industry primarily for automated remote real-time monitoring. This paper focuses on the implementation of IoT in the healthcare industry for monitoring and evaluating health conditions of obese adults, along with emphasis on the importance of medical data storage. Furthermore, a device is developed with a novel design and system, which not only allows real-time monitoring but also the storage of medical records for multiple patients simultaneously. The device facilitates measurements of these parameters using an Arduino environment and then transmits the data onto an IoT dashboard using a Wi-fi module for remote monitoring for healthcare professionals. The main aim is to provide a suitable device recommended by doctors for patients suffering from obesity, such that doctors can examine patient’s health trends over a period from the stored data for monitoring any changes that could be a symptom of an underlying unnoticed health condition.
DC and RF characteristics of 20 nm gate length InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs for high frequency application
Authors: Boursali Amin , Guen-Bouazza Ahlam , Sayah Choukria
Published: March 2020

lnAlAs/lnGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) offers excellent high frequency operation.In this work,the DC and RF performance of a 20 nm gate length enhancement mode InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on InP substrate are presented.The SILVACO-TCAD simulations performed at room temperature using the appropriate model sshowed that the studied device exhibit excellent pinch-off characteristics, with a maximum transconductance of 1100ms/mm, a threshold voltage of 0,62V, and an Ion/Ioff ratio of 2.106. The cut-off frequency and maximum frequency of oscillation are 980 GHz and 1.3THz respectively. These promising results allow us to affirm that this device is intended to be used in high frequency applications.
Hybrid TSR-PSR in nonlinear EH half duplex network: system performance analysis
Authors: Tin Phu Tran , Ha Duy-Hung , Trang Tran Thanh
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, harvesting energy (EH) from green environmental sources and converting this energy into the electrical energy used in purpose to supply the communication network devices is considered the main research direction. In this research, we investigate the hybrid TSR-PSR Nonlinear Energy Harvesting (EH) Half-duplex (HD) Relaying network in terms of the Success Probability (SP). For this purpose, we derive the integral-form of the system SP. In addition, we use the Monte Carlo simulation for verifying the correctness of the analytical expression. We can see in the research results that all the simulation and analytical values are the same in connection with all primary system parameters.
Log-domain electronically-tuneable fully differential high order multi-function filter
Authors: Fares Osama O.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the synthesis of fully deferential circuit that is capable of performing simultaneous high-pass, low-pass, and band-pass filtering in the log domain. The circuit utilizes modified Seevinck’s integrators in the current mode. The transfer function describing the filter is first presented in the form of a canonical signal flow graph through applying Mason’s gain formula. The resulting signal flow graph consists of summing points and pick-off points associated with current mode integrators within unity-gain negative feedback loops. The summing points and the pick-off points are then synthesized as simple nodes and current mirrors, respectively. A new fully differential current-mode integrator circuit is proposed to realize the integration operation. The proposed integrator uses grounded capacitors with no resistors and can be adjusted to work as either lossless or lossy integrator via tuneable current sources. The gain and the cutoff frequency of the integrator are adjustable via biasing currents. Detailed design and simulation results of an example of a 5th order filter circuit is presented. The proposed circuit can perform simultaneously 5th order low-pass filtering, 5th order high-pass filtering, and 4th order band-pass filtering. The simulation is performed using Pspice with practical Infineon BFP649 BJT model. Simulation results show good matching with the target.
Influence of Ca[Mg3SiN4]Ce3+ phosphor’s concentration on optical properties of the 5600K RP-WLEDs
Authors: Tin Phu Tran , Tran Minh , Trang Tran Thanh
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we propose Ca[Mg3SiN4]Ce3+ Phosphor as a new material solution for improving the optical properties in terms of CRI, CQS. D-CCT, LO of the 5600K remote-packaging white LEDs (RP-WLEDs). In the first stage, we built and investigated the 5600K RP-WLEDs by adding the red phosphor to the phosphor layer. Then, the scattering processes inside the phosphor layer are investigated by Mat Lab software. From the research results, we discovered that the concentration of the adding phosphor significantly improved the optical properties of the5600K RP-WLEDs. All the results are convinced by Light Tools and Mat Lab software.
A long range, energy efficient internet of things based drought monitoring system
Authors: Hoang Van-Phuc , Nguyen Minh-Hong , Do Thanh Quan , Le Dinh-Nhan , Bui Du Duong
Published: March 2020

The climate change and global warning have been appeared as an emerging issue in recent decades. In which, the drought problem has been influenced on economics and life condition in Vietnam. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, we have designed and deployed a long range and energy efficient drought monitoring based on IoT (Internet of Things) for real time applications. After being tested in the real condition, the proposed system has proved its high dependability and effectiveness. The system is promising to become a potential candidate to solve the drought problem in Vietnam.
SPICE model of drain induced barrier lowering in sub-10 nm junctionless cylindrical surrounding gate MOSFET
Authors: Jung Hakkee
Published: March 2020

We propose a SPICE Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) model for sub-10 nm Junctionless Cylindrical Surrounding Gate (JLCSG) MOSFETs. The DIBL shows the proportionl relation to the -3 power of the channel length Lg and the 2 power of silicon thickness in MOSFET having a rectangular channel, but this relation cannot be used in cylindrical channel because of the difference in channel structure. The subthreshold currents, including the tunneling current from the WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) approximation as well as the diffusion-drift current, are used in the model. The constant current method is used to define the threshold voltage as the gate voltage at a constant current, (2πR/Lg)10-7 A for channel length and channel radius R. The central potential of the JLCSG MOSFET is determined by the Poisson equation. As a result, it can be seen that the DIBL of the JLCSG MOSFET is proportional to the –2.76 power of the channel length, to the 1.76 power of the channel radius, and linearly to the oxide film thickness. At this time, we observe that the SPICE parameter, the static feedback coefficient, has a value less than 1 1, and this model can be used to analyze the DIBL of the JLCSG MOSFET.
Survey: energy efficient protocols using radio scheduling in wireless sensor network
Authors: Mathew K. Deepa , Jones Anita
Published: March 2020

An efficient energy management scheme is crucial factor for design and implementation of any sensor network. Almost all sensor networks are structured with numerous small sized, low cost sensor devices which are scattered over the large area. To improvise the network performance by high throughput with minimum energy consumption, an energy efficient radio scheduling MAC protocol is effective solution, since MAC layer has the capability to collaborate with distributed wireless networks. The present survey study provides relevant research work towards radio scheduling mechanism in the design of energy efficient wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The various radio scheduling protocols are exist in the literature, which has some limitations. Therefore, it is require developing a new energy efficient radio scheduling protocol to perform multi tasks with minimum energy consumption (e.g. data transmission). The most of research studies paying more attention towards to enhance the overall network lifetime with the aim of using energy efficient scheduling protocol. In that context, this survey study overviews the different categories of MAC based radio scheduling protocols and those protocols are measured by evaluating their data transmission capability, energy efficiency, and network performance. With the extensive analysis of existing works, many research challenges are stated. Also provides future directions for new WSN design at the end of this survey.
Robotic navigation algorithm with machine vision
Authors: Pachon-Suescun Cesar G. , Enciso-Aragon Carlos J. , Jimenez-Moreno Robinson
Published: March 2020

In the field of robotics, it is essential to know the work area in which the agent is going to develop, for that reason, different methods of mapping and spatial location have been developed for different applications. In this article, a machine vision algorithm is proposed, which is responsible for identifying objects of interest within a work area and determining the polar coordinates to which they are related to the observer, applicable either with a fixed camera or in a mobile agent such as the one presented in this document. The developed algorithm was evaluated in two situations, determining the position of six objects in total around the mobile agent. These results were compared with the real position of each of the objects, reaching a high level of accuracy with an average error of 1.3271% in the distance and 2.8998% in the angle.
Objects detection and tracking using fast principle component purist and kalman filter
Authors: Abdullah Hadeel N. , Abdulghafoor Nuha H.
Published: March 2020

The detection and tracking of moving objects attracted a lot of concern because of the vast computer vision applications. This paper proposes a new algorithm based on several methods for identifying, detecting, and tracking an object in order to develop an effective and efficient system in several applications. This algorithm has three main parts: the first part for background modeling and foreground extraction, the second part for smoothing, filtering and detecting moving objects within the video frame and the last part includes tracking and prediction of detected objects. In this proposed work, a new algorithm to detect moving objects from video data is designed by the Fast Principle Component Purist (FPCP). Then we used an optimal filter that performs well to reduce noise through the median filter. The Fast Region-convolution neural networks (Fast-RCNN) is used to add smoothness to the spatial identification of objects and their areas. Then the detected object is tracked by Kalman Filter. Experimental results show that our algorithm adapts to different situations and outperforms many existing algorithms.
A novel efficient multiple encryption algorithm for real time images
Authors: Maniyath Shima Ramesh , V. Thanikaiselvan
Published: March 2020

In this study, we propose an innovative image encryption Techniques based on four different image encryption Algorithm. Our methodology integrates scrambling followed by Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption Techniques, to make the image meaningless or disordered to enhance the ability to confront attack and in turn improve the security. This paper mainly focused on the multiple encryption Techniques with multiple keys on a single image by dividing it into four blocks. So instead of using one Encryption method a combination of four different Encryption Algorithm can make our image more secure. The Encryption is done first by using DNA as secret key, second by using RSA, third by DES and fourth by Chebyshev. The pros and cons for all the Encryption methods are discussed here. Proposed methodology can strongly encrypt the images for the purpose of storing images and transmitting them over the Internet. There are two major benefits related with this system. The first benefit is the use of Different Algorithm with different keys. The second benefit is that even though we are using four different Algorithm for a single image, the time taken for encryption and decryption is few seconds only. Our method is methodically checked, and it shows an exceptionally high level of security with very good image quality.
Robust foreground modelling to segment and detect multiple moving objects in videos
Authors: Patil Rahul M. , K. P. Chethan , Nasreen Azra , G. Shobha
Published: March 2020

Last decade has witnessed an ever increasing number of video surveillance installations due to the rise of security concerns worldwide. With this comes the need for video analysis for fraud detection, crime investigation, traffic monitoring to name a few. For any kind of video analysis application, detection of moving objects in videos is a fundamental step. In this paper, an efficient foreground modelling method to segment multiple moving objects is implemented. Proposed method significantly reduces noise thereby accurately segmenting region of interest under dynamic conditions while handling occlusion to a large extent. Extensive performance analysis shows that the proposed method was found to give far better results when compared to the de facto standard as well as relatively new approaches used for

moving object detection.
A review on sparse fast fourier transform applications in image processing
Authors: Ghani Hadhrami Ab , Abdul Malek Mohamad Razwan , Kamarul Azmi Muhammad Fadzli , Muril Muhammad Jefri , Azizan Azizul
Published: March 2020

Fast Fourier Transform has long been established as an essential tool in signal processing. To address the computational issues while helping the analysis work for multi-dimensional signals in image processing, sparse Fast Fourier Transform model is reviewed here when applied in different applications such as lithography optimization, cancer detection, evolutionary arts and wasterwater treatment. As the demand for higher dimensional signals in various applications especially multimedia appplications, the need for sparse Fast Fourier Transform grows higher.
Chaotic signals denoising using empirical mode decomposition inspired by multivariate denoising
Authors: Hasan Fadhil Sahib
Published: March 2020

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is an effective noise reduction method to enhance the noisy chaotic signal over additive noise. In this paper, the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) generated by EMD are thresholded using multivariate denoising. Multivariate denoising is multivariable denosing algorithm that is combined wavelet transform and principal component analysis to denoise multivariate signals in adaptive way. The proposed method is compared at a various signal to noise ratios (SNRs) with different techniques and different types of noise. Also, scale dependent Lyapunov exponent (SDLE) is used to test the behavior of the denoised chaotic signal comparing with clean signal. The results show that EMD-MD method has the best root mean square error (RMSE) and signal to noise ratio gain (SNRG) comparing with the conventional methods.
Augmentation of a SCADA based firewall against foreign hacking devices
Authors: Mungekar Abhishek , Solanki Yashraj , Swarnalatha R.
Published: March 2020

An Industrial firewall is a system used to supervise and regulate traffic to and from a network for the purpose of securing appliances on a network. It analyzes the data passing through it to an already defined surveillance criteria or protocols, discarding data that does not meet the protocol’s requirements. In effect, it is a filter preventing undesirable network traffic and selectively limiting the type of transmission that occurs between a secured transmission line. In this research paper a SCADA based Firewall is implemented for protection of the data transmission to a PLC, against external hacking devices. This firewall is virtually exposed to several external hackers and the degree of vulnerability is carefully studied, in order to develop an ideal Firewall.
Optimal tuning linear quadratic regulator for gas turbine by genetic algorithm using integral time absolute error
Authors: Ahmed Jamal M.
Published: March 2020

For multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) systems, the most common control strategy is the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) which relies on state vector feedback. Despite this strategy gives very good result, it still has trial and error procedure to select the values of its weight matrices which plays a important role in reaching to the desiered system performance. In order to overcome this problem, the Genetic algorithm is used. The design of genetic algorithm based linear quadratic regulator (GA-LQR) utilized Integral time absolute error (ITAE) as a cost function for optimization. The propsed procedure is implemented on a linear model of gas turbine to control the generator spool’s speed and the output power.
Inverse kinematic analysis of 4 DOF pick and place arm robot manipulator using fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Dewi Tresna , Nurmaini Siti , Risma Pola , Oktarina Yurni , Roriz Muhammad
Published: March 2020

The arm robot manipulator is suitable for substituting humans working in tomato plantation to ensure tomatoes are handled efficiently. The best design for this robot is four links with robust flexibility in x, y, and z-coordinates axis. Inverse kinematics and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) application are for precise and smooth motion. Inverse kinematics designs the most efficient position and motion of the arm robot by adjusting mechanical parameters. The FLC utilizes data input from the sensors to set the right position and motion of the end-effector. The predicted parameters are compared with experimental results to show the effectiveness of the proposed design and method. The position errors (in x, y, and z-axis) are 0.1%, 0.1%, and 0.04%. The rotation errors of each robot links (θ1, θ2, and θ3) are 0%, 0.7% and 0.3%. The FLC provides the suitable angle of the servo motor (θ4) responsible in gripper motion, and the experimental results correspond to FLC’s rules-based as the input to the gripper motion system. This setup is essential to avoid excessive force or miss-placed position that can damage tomatoes. The arm robot manipulator discussed in this study is a pick and place robot to move the harvested tomatoes to a packing system.
A hybrid approach for scheduling applications in cloud computing environment
Authors: Abdalkafor Ahmed Subhi , Ali Alheeti Khattab M.
Published: March 2020

Cloud computing plays an important role in our daily life. It has direct and positive impact on share and update data, knowledge, storage and scientific resources between various regions. Cloud computing performance heavily based on job scheduling algorithms that are utilized for queue waiting in modern scientific applications. The researchers are considered cloud computing a popular platform for new enforcements. These scheduling algorithms help in design efficient queue lists in cloud as well as they play vital role in reducing waiting for processing time in cloud computing. A novel job scheduling is proposed in this paper to enhance performance of cloud computing and reduce delay time in queue waiting for jobs. The proposed algorithm tries to avoid some significant challenges that throttle from developing applications of cloud computing. However, a smart scheduling technique is proposed in our paper to improve performance processing in cloud applications. Our experimental result of the proposed job scheduling algorithm shows that the proposed schemes possess outstanding enhancing rates with a reduction in waiting time for jobs in queue list.
Design and simulation of an analog beamforming phased array antenna
Authors: Elhefnawy Mohamed
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a phased array antenna is designed and simulated. The antenna array consists of four circularly polarized slotted waveguide elements. The antenna array is simulated using CST MWS. The simulation results for the proposed antenna array at different values of progressive phase shift demonstrate that the S‒parameters for all four ports are less than ‒10 dB over at least 2% bandwidth, the simulated maximum gain is 13.95 dB, the simulated beamwidth can be 19˚ or narrower based on the value of the progressive phase shift. , the range of frequencies over which the simulated Axial Ratio (AR) is below 3 dB is not fixed and varied according to the selected progressive phase shift. The proposed four-element RF front-end is simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) at operating frequency of 9.6 GHz. The obtained simulation results by ADS indicate the feasibility of implementing the proposed RF-front end for feeding the antenna array to realize analog beamforming.