bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and suicidality in college students
Authors: Schiros Ashley , Antshel Kevin M.
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study aimed to assess the association between anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and associated impairments (e.g., suicidality).

Methods

A secondary data analysis of the American College Health Association‐National College Health Assessment IIc (Fall 2015–Spring 2019) was conducted to assess the prevalence of comorbid anorexia or bulimia + ADHD, symptoms, and impairments among college student (N = 342,432; Mage = 20.39, SD = 1.88). Logistic regressions were used to compare eating disorder symptomology, treatment utilisation, and suicidality among college students.

Results

Compared to college students without ADHD, college students with ADHD were 18.30× more likely to be diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia and reported greater use of weight loss techniques (p's < 0.001). College students with comorbid anorexia or bulimia + ADHD reported higher rates of dieting to lose weight (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.43, p < 0.001) and treatment utilisation (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.50, p < 0.001) compared to college students with AN or BN only. The highest level of suicidality was reported in college students with the comorbid AN or BN + ADHD.

Conclusion

Elevated eating disorder symptoms and comorbidity is found among college students with ADHD. Increased screening and prevention for anorexia and bulimia is needed among young adults with ADHD to enhance care for those with these eating disorders.
Engineering Te‐Containing Recognition Modules for Chalcogen Bonding: Towards Supramolecular Polymeric Materials
Authors: Romito Deborah , Bonifazi Davide
Published: December 2022

Aiming at the preparation of one‐dimensional (1D) chalcogen‐bonded supramolecular polymers at the solid state, this work describes the different syntheses which have been challenged to obtain ditopic molecular modules. At first, tellurazolopyridyl (TZP) rings have been chosen as recognition units, given their well‐proven ability and persistency to self‐assemble through double Te⋅⋅⋅N chalcogen bonds (ChBs). The second synthetic strategy dealt with the preparation of pyridyl‐modified ebselen Te‐containing analogues. By attempting several synthetic protocols, the targeted ebselen derivatives could not be obtained, whereas an unexpected Te‐containing lactone as well as a spiro‐type Te(IV)‐containing derivatives were isolated, with the latter investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.
Susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence in adolescence following mindfulness training
Authors: Leung Jovita T. , Piera Pi‐Sunyer Blanca , Ahmed Saz P. , Foulkes Lucy , Griffin Cait , Sakhardande Ashok , Bennett Marc , Dunning Darren L. , Griffiths Kirsty , Parker Jenna , Kuyken Willem , Williams J. Mark G. , Dalgleish Tim , Blakemore Sarah‐Jayne
Published: December 2022

Mindfulness training programmes have shown to encourage prosocial behaviours and reduce antisocial tendencies in adolescents. However, less is known about whether training affects susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence. The current study investigated the effect of mindfulness training (compared with an active control) on self‐reported prosocial and antisocial tendencies and susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence. 465 adolescents aged 11–16 years were randomly allocated to one of two training programmes. Pre‐ and post‐training, participants completed a social influence task. Self‐reported likelihood of engaging in prosocial and antisocial behaviours did not change post‐training, and regardless of training group, participants showed a higher propensity for prosocial influence than for antisocial influence. Finally, participants were less influenced by antisocial ratings following both training programmes.
Net carbon balance study for selected roads in Tenerife, Canary Islands
Authors: Cruz-Pérez Noelia , Santamarta Juan C. , Rodríguez-Martín Jesica , García-Gil Alejandro , Márquez Josefina Hernández , Morales Carmen Gara Ramos , Castañeda Ignacio Demaria , Yuste Raul J. Pradana , Rayo Marta Espejo
Published: December 2022

Carbon dioxide emissions linked to the transport sector are particularly relevant to islands. The Canary Islands have high level of tourism, with tourists who generally travel in rented vehicles on arrival in the archipelago. In addition, mobility of the local population in the islands is also always growing. Thus, transport is one of the sectors that emits the greatest amount of greenhouse gases. In this sense, the net carbon balance becomes a pioneering study in the framework of management of high-capacity road transport routes and will help plan new strategies, which pursue the neutrality and climate resilience of the road network. It will therefore be possible to design different future scenarios, according to traffic intensities detected, to mitigate their local effects by increasing green areas, which will contribute to greater absorption. This study calculated the carbon footprint linked to vehicles on the three high-capacity roads on the island of Tenerife, as well as the carbon footprint of the public lighting attached to these roads. The absorption of carbon by vegetation planted by the Road Service and the soil located on the margins of the road have also been calculated to explore the possibility of modifying the vegetation, using other types of local shrubs and trees that have a higher absorption factor. The results demonstrate that conifers have the highest absorption factor, the Canary Island pine being the best option in this case. However, it is not always possible to place trees on the roadside, and it is necessary to resort to smaller species. This study concludes that better mobility planning, an increase in electric vehicles, improved energy production from renewable sources, and the promotion and enhancement of absorption capacity of carbon sinks are key in the face of climate change. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1023–1030. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
The CHK2 kinase is recurrently mutated and functionally impaired in the germline of pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Wagener Rabea , Walter Carolin , Auer Franziska , Alzoubi Deya , Hauer Julia , Fischer Ute , Varghese Julian , Dugas Martin , Borkhardt Arndt , Brozou Triantafyllia
Published: December 2022

Predisposing CHEK2 germline variants are associated with various adult‐type malignancies, whereas their impact on cancer susceptibility in childhood cancer is unclear. To understand the frequency of germline variants in the CHEK2 gene and their impact on pediatric malignancies, we used whole‐exome sequencing to search for CHEK2 variants in the germlines of 418 children diagnosed with cancer in our clinics. Moreover, we performed functional analysis of the pathogenic CHEK2 variants to analyze the effect of the alterations on CHK2 protein function. We detected a CHEK2 germline variant in 32/418 (7.7%) pediatric cancer patients and 46.8% of them had leukemia. Functional analysis of the pathogenic variants revealed that 5 pathogenic variants impaired CHK2 protein function. 6/32 patients carried one of these clearly damaging CHEK2 variants and two of them harbored a matching family history of cancer. In conclusion, we detected germline CHEK2 variants in 7.7% of all pediatric cancer patients, of which a minority but still relevant fraction of approximately 20% had a profound impact on protein expression or its phosphorylation after irradiation‐induced DNA damage. Accordingly, we conclude that CHEK2 variants increase the risk for not only adult‐onset but also pediatric cancer.
Older women testing positive forHPV16/18 on cervical screening and risk of high‐grade cervical abnormality
Authors: Roberts Jennifer Margaret , Machalek Dorothy A. , Butler Bethan C. , Crescini Joanne , Garland Suzanne M. , Farnsworth Annabelle
Published: December 2022

In Australia's HPV‐based cervical screening program, we previously showed that risk of histological high‐grade abnormality at 1 year post screening decreased with age in women with oncogenic HPV. In this study, we followed 878 HPV16/18 positive women aged 55 years and over for up to 3 years post screening test, to determine the proportion with histological high‐grade abnormality (HGA, incorporating high‐grade squamous intraepithelial abnormality (HSIL), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma) and to correlate risk of HGA with liquid‐based cytology result and with prior screening history. HGA was detected in 7.8% at 1 year and 10.0% at 3 years, with no significant difference (P = .136), despite the number of women with follow‐up information significantly increasing from 82.9% to 91.0% (P < .0001). The proportion of HPV16/18 positive women with HGA at 3 years was highest in those with an HSIL cytology result (79.0%) and lowest in those with negative cytology (6.2%). Women with an adequate screening history had fewer HGA than such women with inadequate prior screening (6.6% vs 16.0%,P = .001) or with a history of an abnormality (6.6% vs 14.4%,P = .001). HPV16/18 infection in women over 55 years may have a different natural history from that in younger women, in whom HGA are more common after HPV16/18 detection. In HPV‐based cervical screening programs, management algorithms for screen‐detected abnormalities based on risk stratification should include factors such as age, screening history and index cytology result, so that women receive appropriate investigation and follow‐up.
Remote assessments of human pressure on biodiversity may miss important human threats
Authors: Mammides Christos , Martini Francesco , Kounnamas Constantinos
Published: December 2022

Monitoring human pressure on biodiversity within protected areas (PAs) remains a challenging task due to the vast number of PAs worldwide (>250,000) and the fact that we lack basic information for most of them. Consequently, researchers are increasingly relying on remote sensing techniques to overcome this challenge. However, remote assessments of human pressure on biodiversity may miss crucial threats, such as hunting and invasive species, which are often best documented through in situ field surveys. Here, we use a unique European Union dataset documenting human threats within 8210 PAs through field surveys to assess the relationship between those threats and three commonly used indices of human pressure that are largely derived using remote‐sensing methods—the Human Footprint and Human Modification indices and the LandScan Global Population Database. We find that the indices are not always related to the threats recorded within PAs through field surveys. The indices seem to best capture threats associated with urbanization, agriculture, and pollution but not necessarily others. Although remote assessments of human pressure on biodiversity are crucial for conservation, researchers and practitioners must be aware of their limitations and must complement such assessments with information collected in the field whenever possible.
We need to accelerate the digitization of existing botanical information and complete the global plant inventory
Authors: Corlett Richard T.
Published: December 2022

The availability of a global checklist of known land plants makes it possible to bring together all botanical information and make it accessible online. Two obstacles remain, however. First, most existing information is not yet digitized. Second, an estimated 10%‒25% more species are still undescribed and therefore invisible to science.
Fingolimod attenuates ovalbumin‐induced airway inflammation via inhibiting MAPK/ERK signaling in mice
Authors: Makled Mirhan N. , El‐Sheakh Ahmed R.
Published: December 2022

The current study was designed to investigate the potential anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of fingolimod against Ovalbumin (Ova)‐induced allergic airway inflammation compared to dexamethasone. Fingolimod was given (0.5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for sensitized mice 1 h before Ova challenge from Days 19 to 24. Fingolimod significantly inhibited Ova‐induced elevation of inflammatory cells and eosinophils numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and reduced concentrations of immunoglobulin E in serum and of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, interleukin (IL)‐4, and IL‐13 in BALF. Fingolimod inhibited microvascular leakage and edema as reflected by the decreased lung/body weight index. These findings were supported by histopathological examination results showing that fingolimod substantially decreased perivascular edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Fingolimod also attenuated Ova‐induced oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde concentration along with increasing concentrations of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase in lung tissues. Fingolimod also significantly decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), p‐ERK, and p‐P38 in lung tissues of Ova‐challenged mice. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of fingolimod in allergic airway inflammation that might be associated with the downregulation of mitogen activated kinases signaling to decrease T helper 2 cytokine secretion (IL‐4 and IL‐13) and MCP‐1 expression, along with the inhibition of oxidative stress.
Using the robotic platform in the therapy of multifocal ground glass opacities
Authors: Udelsman Brooks V. , Blasberg Justin D.
Published: December 2022

Due to their association with invasive adenocarcinoma, ground glass opacities that reach 3 cm in size, develop a solid component ≥2 mm on mediastinal windows, or exhibit ≥25% annual growth warrant operative resection. Minimally invasive techniques are preferred given that approximately one third of patients will present with multifocal focal disease and may require additional operations. A robotic‐assisted thoracoscopic surgical approach can be used with percutaneous or bronchoscopic localization techniques and are compatible with developing intraoperative molecular targeting techniques.
Coral rubble dynamics in the Anthropocene and implications for reef recovery
Authors: Kenyon Tania M. , Doropoulos Christopher , Wolfe Kennedy , Webb Gregory E. , Dove Sophie , Harris Daniel , Mumby Peter J.
Published: December 2022

With rubble predicted to increase on coral reefs worldwide, we review the physical, biological, and ecological dynamics of rubble beds, with a focus on how rubble generation, mobilization, binding, and coral recruitment is expected to change on future reefs. Major disturbances, including storms and coral bleaching, are predicted to increase in intensity and frequency, and—like localized impacts including blast fishing and ship groundings—generate large quantities of coral rubble. Reefs will have increasingly smaller recovery windows between successive disturbances, leading to persistence of unstable rubble beds on reefs. With more severe storms and increased bioerosion on future reefs, rubble mobilization thresholds will be met more often as smaller, less complex rubble pieces are generated. If rubble remains stable for adequate time, it can be bound by organisms including sponges and coralline algae, and eventually be cemented. However, increasing rubble mobilization frequencies will reduce the time available for binding, while changing ocean chemistry could reduce the efficacy of calcifying binders. Ultimately, increased rubble cover will negatively impact coral recruitment into rubble beds. Rubble mobilization abrades and smothers corals, and rubble beds typically experience altered environmental and ecological conditions to the coral frameworks that precede them. Several knowledge gaps exist in relation to improved rubble mobilization thresholds, binding rates and strengths, and coral survival in varying rubble bed types and hydrodynamic regimes. Addressing these knowledge gaps will improve our ability to predict the recovery trajectory of rubble beds and assess the need for stabilization interventions.
Recent Development of Brain Organoids for Biomedical Application
Authors: Kim HanSol , Jang Eun Jo , Sankpal Narendra V. , Patel Madhumita , Patel Rajkumar
Published: December 2022

Over the years, scientists have studied the behavior and anatomy of many animals to understand the own species. However, despite the continuous efforts, it is often difficult to know for certain how the brain works due to the differences between the brains of animals and the human brain. While the use of animal models for research continues, the origin of human cognition and neurological disorders needs further elucidation. To that end, in vitro organoids that exhibit in vivo characteristics of the human brain have been recently developed. These brain‐like organoids enable researchers to dive deeper into understanding the human brain, its neurological structures, and the causes of neurological pathologies. This paper reviews the recent developments in the regeneration of brain‐like organoids using Matrigel and other alternatives. Further, gel‐free methods that may enhance the regeneration process of organoids are discussed. Finally, the vascularized brain organoid growth and development in both in vitro and in vivo conditions are detailed.
Brand placements in video games: How local in‐game experiences influence brand attitudes
Authors: Ingendahl Moritz , Vogel Tobias , Maedche Alexander , Wänke Michaela
Published: December 2022

Brand placements are omnipresent in video games, but their overall effect on brand attitudes is small and varies substantially between studies. The present research takes an evaluative conditioning perspective to explain when and how brand placements in video games influence brand attitudes. In two experiments with a 3D first‐person video game, we show that only brands encountered during positive in‐game experiences benefit from the placement, but not those encountered during negative in‐game experiences. Building on the cognitive processes underlying evaluative conditioning, we also show that brand attitudes largely depend on the memory for the pairing of a brand with positive/negative in‐game experiences. Pairing memory and thus also evaluative conditioning effects increase when players attend to the pairing of brands and positive/negative experiences, for example, when such pairings are a central part of the game's storyline. Overall, our findings show that evaluative conditioning and its cognitive mechanisms can be utilized to explain and predict advertising effects in applied settings, such as brand placements in video games.
KIN17 promotes cell migration and invasion through stimulating the TGF‐β/Smad2 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Dai Zichang , Huang Qiyuan , Huang Xueran , Zhu Chuiyu , Zahid Kashif Rafiq , Liu Tiancai , Li Qiuyan , Wu Chunmei , Peng Minghui , Xiao Xiangyan , Raza Umar , Yu Nan , Zeng Tao
Published: December 2022

KIN17 DNA and RNA binding protein (Kin17) is involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis of diverse human cancers. However, its role in the cancer progression and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry staining were used to investigate the expression pattern of KIN17 and its prognostic value in HCC patients. The transwell, wound‐healing assay was employed to determine the effects of KIN17 on migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. The tail veins model was employed to determine the effects of KIN17 on lung metastasis in vivo. The biological mechanisms involved in cell migration and invasion regulated by KIN17 were determined with Western blot analysis method. KIN17 expression was significantly increased in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, with particularly higher in portal vein tumor thrombus and intrahepatic metastasis tissues. Patients with higher KIN17 expression experienced poor overall and disease free survival. KIN17 knockdown in HuH7 and HepG2 cells significantly reduced cell migration and invasion abilities, whereas its overexpression promoted migration and invasion in MHCC‐97L and HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo. In HuH7 and HepG2 cells, KIN17 knockdown inhibited the TGF‐β/Smad2 pathway. In contrast, KIN17 overexpression stimulated TGF‐β/Smad2 pathway in MHCC‐97L and HepG2 cells, along with the genes involved in the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. These findings suggest that KIN17 promotes migration and invasion in HCC cells by stimulating the TGF‐β/Smad2 pathway. KIN17 could be a promising prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
Presynaptic Hemiparkinsonism Following Cerebral Toxoplasmosis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Malaquias Maria João , Magrinelli Francesca , Quattrone Andrea , Neo Ray Jen , Latorre Anna , Mulroy Eoin , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: December 2022

Background

Cerebral toxoplasmosis (CTx) is a central nervous system opportunistic infection with variable neurological manifestations. Although tropism of Toxoplasma gondii for the basal ganglia is well known, movement disorders (MDs) represent only a small percentage of CTx‐related neurological complications. CTx‐associated MDs are usually hyperkinetic, whereas parkinsonism associated with evidence of presynaptic dopaminergic deficit has never been described.

Case

We report a human immunodeficiency virus–positive patient who developed a complex MD featuring unilateral tremor combined with parkinsonism and dystonia following an acute episode of disseminated CTx. Her dopamine transporter scan (DaTscan) documented contralateral presynaptic dopaminergic deficit. Levodopa initiation improved both tremor and parkinsonism after ineffective trials of several other medications over the years.

Literature Review

A total of 64 patients presenting with CTx‐related MDs have been described. The most common MD was chorea (44%), followed by ataxia (20%), parkinsonism (16%), tremor (14%), dystonia (14%), myoclonus (3%), and akathisia (2%). DaTscan was performed only in 1 case, of Holmes tremor, that demonstrated reduced presynaptic dopaminergic uptake. Positive response to dopaminergic treatment was reported in 3 cases of Holmes tremor and 2 cases of parkinsonism.

Conclusions

Presynaptic dopaminergic deficit may occur in CTx‐related tremor combined with parkinsonism. Its identification should prompt initiation of levodopa, thus avoiding unnecessary trials of other drugs.
Technical note: Revised projections onto convex sets reconstruction of multi‐shot diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Hu Zhangxuan , Zhang Zhe , Ma Xiaodong , Jing Jing , Guo Hua
Published: December 2022

Background

High‐resolution diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is usually achieved through multi‐shot acquisitions and parallel imaging‐based reconstructions. Multiple POCS (projections onto convex sets) based algorithms have been proposed for DWI reconstructions. However, the slow convergence of POCS and the suboptimal quality of the reconstructed images limit their applications.

Purpose

In this study, a revised POCS algorithm for multi‐shot DWI reconstruction is proposed based on FISTA (fast iterative shrinkage‐thresholding algorithm) to achieve faster convergence and higher accuracy.

Methods

In FISTA, the next iteration is computed based on two previous iterations, instead of only the previous one, to improve the convergence speed. This scheme is adopted into the relevant POCS‐based algorithms, including POCSENSE (POCS‐based sensitivity‐encoding), POCSMUSE (POCS‐based multiplexed sensitivity‐encoding), iPOCSMUSE (iterative POCSMUSE), and POCS‐ICE (POCS‐enhanced inherent correction of motion‐induced phase errors) to address the slow convergence problem. Simulations and in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.

Results

Experimental results show that the proposed method enables faster convergence compared to the original POCS. For example, for a spiral DWI simulation using eight‐shot interleaves and having SNR of 20 dB, the iteration number needed for the revised POCS‐ICE decreases by about 70% to achieve approximately the same nRMSE level as POCS‐ICE. Additionally, it improves image quality in terms of fewer artifacts compared with the original POCS.

Conclusions

The revised DWI reconstruction methods can achieve higher convergence rates than the original POCS‐based algorithms and higher image quality with the same iteration numbers. As such, the proposed method can serve as a practical and efficient reconstruction method for multi‐shot DWI.
Design of interconnected 1D nanomaterials with selective localization in biodegradable binary thermoplastic nanocomposite films for effective electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness
Authors: Nath Krishnendu , Ghosh Suman Kumar , Katheria Ankur , Das Palash , Chowdhury Sreeja Nath , Hazra Puja , Azam Syful , Das Narayan Ch.
Published: December 2022

Flexible and electrically conductive polymer nanocomposite materials are gaining popularity as EMI shield materials. Herein, we report the successful fabrication of Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polybutylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate (PBAT)/dodecyl amine modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)‐based biodegradable polymer nanocomposite films employing solvent mixing and casting technique. The FESEM analysis of the cryofractured TPU/PBAT blend (containing 50 wt% of both the polymers) is found to be perfectly co‐continuous. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis followed by a selective dissolution test of polymer nanocomposites revealed that MAm nanofillers are mostly confined to the PBAT phase. The electrical percolation threshold is found to be between 3 and 5 wt% of dodecyl amine modified MWCNT loading as the electrical conductivity and EMI shielding efficiency are found to be shifting from 10−4 to 0.827 S/cm and −29.4 and −36 dB respectively as the nanofiller loading is increased from 3 to 5 wt% keeping the thickness of the polymer nanocomposite films constant at 0.8 mm.
Electrodeless discharge in water: Reactive species in liquid and gas phase and energy cost for nitrogen fixation
Authors: Luo JingYi , Nie LanLan , Liu DaWei , Lu Xinpei
Published: December 2022

One of the main barriers stopping plasma activated water (PAW) in many practical applications is its high energy cost. On the other hand, a careful review of published literature finds that all the studies reported on the PAW only focus on the reactive species generated in liquid, and there is no measurement of the possible reactive species in the gas phase during the generation of PAW, which might contain high concentration reactive species especially for the cases when gas bubbling is used during the generation of PAW. In this paper, an electrodeless plasma device is reported, where distilled water, tap water, and saline water are used as working liquid while O2, N2, and air are flowing through the liquid. Not only the reactive species presented in the liquid phase, the reactive species contained in the gas phase were analyzed for the first time in the field of PAW nitrogen fixation. It was found that the total number of moles of reactive species in gas phase is actually several times higher than that in liquid phase. Only when considering the reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the liquid phase, the lowest energy cost is about 18.97 MJ/mol when air is flowing though the tap water. On the other hand, when both the RNS in liquid phase and in gas phase are included, the lowest energy cost achieved is 5.53 MJ/mol when air is flowing through distilled water, which is only one‐seventh of the lowest energy cost reported on PAW. This study helps us shed light on plasma nitrogen fixation by using PAW, which has been greatly underestimated due to the overlooking of gas phase products of PAW in the past.
Two faces of decomposability in organizational search: Evidence from singles versus albums in the music industry 1995–2015
Authors: Chang Sungyong
Published: December 2022

Research Summary

This study proposes that decomposability may generate a trade‐off in search. This study compares a decomposed search (i.e., producing and evaluating a decomposed module) and an integrated search (i.e., producing and evaluating a full‐scale product). While the former can allow firms to experiment with more alternatives than can the latter, it may be more vulnerable to imperfect evaluation because a larger number of promising alternatives could be omitted after the initial evaluation. The reason for this is that not only do more alternatives face an unlucky draw in their initial evaluation but also a decomposed search may lead firms to set a higher performance target for giving a second‐chance opportunity. I test this theory and mechanisms by comparing singles (i.e., decomposed modules) and albums (i.e., full‐scale products) in the music industry.

Managerial Summary

This study highlights a hidden cost of experimentation‐oriented practices: an increased chance of terminating investment in promising business options (e.g., resources, technologies, and new business projects) after initial small‐scale experimentation. A growing number of technological innovations (e.g., software development kits, cloud computing, and e‐commerce platforms) have enabled firms to experiment with new business options by producing modules rather than full‐scale products. These innovations benefit management practices for experimentation, such as lean start‐up or design thinking, and have thus gained popularity among practitioners. This study suggests that while producing and evaluating a module enables firms to experiment with more options, it may increase the chance of terminating investment in promising business options because firms may set a higher performance target for subsequent investment after initial small‐scale experimentation.
Collaborative Design of MgO/FeOx Nanosheets on Titanium: Combining Therapy with Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Tan Ji , Xu Ru , Du Huihui , Xie Juning , Peng Feng , Liu Xuanyong
Published: December 2022

The repair of bone defects caused by osteosarcoma resection remains a clinical challenge because of the tumor recurrence and bacterial infection. Combining tumor and bacterial therapy with bone regeneration properties in bone implants is a promising strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Here, a layer of MgO/FeOx nanosheet is constructed on the Ti implant to prevent tumor recurrence and bacterial infection, while simultaneously accelerating bone formation. This MgO/FeOx double metal oxide demonstrates good peroxidase activity to catalyze H2O2, which is rich in tumor microenvironment, to form reactive oxygen species (ROS), and shows good photothermal conversion capacity to produce photothermal effect, thus synergistically killing tumor cells and eliminating tumor tissue. In addition, it generates a local alkaline surface microenvironment to inhibit the energy metabolism of bacteria to enhance the photothermal antibacterial effect. Furthermore, benefiting from the generation of a Mg ion‐containing alkaline microenvironment, this MgO/FeOx film can promote the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells in vitro as well as accelerated bone formation in vivo. This study proposes a multifunctional platform for integrating tumor and bacterial therapy and bone regeneration, which has good application prospects for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Resilienz: Zur Einordnung eines allgegenwärtigen Begriffs
Authors: Kölbel Andrea , Erckrath Melanie
Published: December 2022

Das gesellschaftliche Bewusstsein für Gefährdungen und Krisen ist angesichts großer sozialer Herausforderungen im beginnenden 21. Jahrhundert zunehmend geschärft. Trotz aller Bemühungen Gefährdungen vorzubeugen, wird deutlich, dass Prävention und Vorsorge Krisen und ihre Folgen nicht ausschließen oder umfänglich abwenden können. Neben Begriffen wie Risiko und Krise hat vor allem der Resilienzbegriff in diesem Zusammenhang im wissenschaftlichen wie öffentlichen Diskurs enorm an Bedeutung gewonnen. In dem Beitrag werden verschiedene konzeptionelle Zugänge und Anwendungen des Resilienzbegriffs vorgestellt und mögliche Strategien zur Stärkung von Resilienz diskutiert.
Back-to-back inclusive dijets in DIS at small x: Sudakov suppression and gluon saturation at NLO
Authors: Caucal Paul , Salazar Farid , Schenke Björn , Venugopalan Raju
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Back-to-back dijet cross-sections in deeply inelastic scattering (DIS) at small xBj are suppressed by many-body multiple scattering and screening effects arising from gluon saturation at high parton densities. They are similarly sensitive in these kinematics to large Sudakov logarithms from soft gluon radiation. Uncovering novel physics in this DIS channel therefore requires understanding the interplay of the two phenomena. In this work, we compute the small xBj inclusive dijet DIS cross-section in back-to-back kinematics at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory (CGC EFT). Our result includes, for the first time, all real and virtual NLO contributions to the impact factor. These include all Sudakov double and single logarithm contributions, as well as all other finite $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αs) terms that contribute at this order. We demonstrate explicitly that resummations of small x and Sudakov logarithms can be performed simultaneously in the CGC EFT. This requires that the JIMWLK kernel for small x evolution of the Weizsäcker-Williams (WW) gluon distribution satisfies a kinematic constraint imposed by lifetime ordering of successive gluon emissions; the corresponding modifications to the kernel, corresponding to resummations of large double transverse logarithms, are precisely of the type required to stabilize JIMWLK evolution beyond leading logarithmicaccuracy. We compute the azimuthal harmonics of the NLO back-to-back distributions and show their sensitivity to both the unpolarized and linearly polarized WW gluon distributions. Finally, we discuss how TMD factorization is broken by an emergent saturation scale at small x.
Intermittent thoracic resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta improves renal function compared to 60 min continuous application after porcine class III hemorrhage
Authors: Brännström Andreas , Hultström Michael , Gustavsson Jenny , Aurfan Zabih , Günther Mattias
Published: December 2022

Background

Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) may be considered for stabilization of patients with hemorrhage from below the diaphragm. Occluding the aorta is a powerful means of hemorrhagic control but is also associated with acute kidney injury, which increases mortality in trauma patients. Allowing for intermittent distal blood flow during REBOA application (iREBOA) could decrease this risk, but circulatory consequences have not been sufficiently elucidated. Therefore, we investigated circulatory effects and the renal artery blood flow (RBF) in iREBOA versus continuous, complete aortic occlusion (cREBOA).

Methods

In a porcine model of uncontrolled class III hemorrhage (34% estimated total blood volume, mean 1360 mL), swine (n = 12, mean weight 60.3 kg) were randomly assigned to iREBOA: 3-min full deflation every 10 min (n = 6), or cREBOA (n = 6), for 60 min of thoracic (zone I) application. The animals then underwent 60 min of reperfusion (critical care phase).

Results

Survival was 100% in iREBOA and 83% in cREBOA. The intermittent balloon deflation protocol was hemodynamically tolerable in 63% of reperfusion intervals. Systolic blood pressure decreased during the reperfusion intervals in iREBOA animals (mean 108 mm Hg versus 169 mm Hg; p < 0.005). No differences were detected in heart rate, cardiac output or stroke volume between methods. Troponin I increased in cREBOA after 60 min (mean 666–187 ng/L, p < 0.05). The norepinephrine requirement increased in cREBOA during reperfusion (mean infusion time 12.5–5.5 min; p < 0.05). Total ischemic time decreased in iREBOA (60.0–48.6 min; p < 0.001). RBF increased in iREBOA during balloon deflations and after 60 min reperfusion (61%–39% of baseline RBF; p < 0.05). Urine output increased in iREBOA (mean 135–17 mL; p < 0.001). Nephronal osteopontin, a marker of ischemic injury, increased in cREBOA (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

iREBOA was survivable, did not cause rebleeding, decreased the total ischemic time and increased the renal blood flow, urine output and decreased renal ischemic injury compared to cREBOA. Intermittent reperfusions during REBOA may be preferred to be continuous, complete occlusion in prolonged application to improve renal function.
Superior outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears with closed versus open capsule
Authors: Tahoun Mahmoud Fathy , Lizano‐Díez Xavier , Soler Bruno Capurro , Pons Marc Tey
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the study was the clinical evaluation of the capsular management with arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears by comparing the functional outcomes of closed versus open capsule.

Methods

Patients with a median age of 38 years (18–55), clinical and radiological features of FAI and/or labral tear, and non‐arthritic non‐dysplastic hips were selected for arthroscopic treatment. Capsulotomy was performed primarily as an interportal section, then a distal extension preserving the zona orbicularis was added. The study compared two matched groups: patients with open capsule versus patients with closed capsule. Clinical outcomes were assessed by Non‐Arthritic Hip Score, hip outcome scores of daily living activities and sports‐specific scales. Scores were collected preoperatively and 6 months, 2 years and 5 years postoperatively. Rate of revision arthroscopy and conversion to total hip arthroplasty were used for comparing groups. Minimal clinically important differences were calculated for both groups.

Results

The study included 42 patients in the OC group and 44 patients in the CC group. Significant improvement of postoperative PROMs was recorded in both groups compared to preoperative scores. CC group significantly improved more than the OC group based on NAHS, HOS‐ADL and HOS‐SSS over all check points except for NAHS and HOS‐ADL at 6 months, which were statistically non‐significant. A non‐significant difference was observed in the percentage of patients who met the MCID for all reported outcome scores at 5 years in both groups. The rate of reoperation was similar in both groups, but with different indications.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic treatment of FAI and labral repair with complete closure of the hip capsule led to significantly improved functional outcomes after 5 years follow‐up compared with open capsule. Closed capsule can provide greater improvement in the sports‐specific outcomes at early follow‐up. Controlled capsulotomy limited by zona orbicularis did not produce instability at any postoperative stage. Similar proportions of patients achieved minimal clinically important difference, and similar rates of reoperation were reported in both groups.

Level of evidence

III
Newtonian (moving mass) calibration of tilt and gravity meters and the investigation of some factors influencing its accuracy
Authors: Papp Gábor , István Csáki Dániel , Benedek Judit
Published: December 2022

The idea of moving mass calibration (MMC) of relative gravity meters dates back to the seventies of the last century. Probably the MMC apparatus built in the underground Mátyáshegy Gravity and Geodynamics Laboratory Budapest has been used most extensively and several spring type instruments (LaCoste and Romberg and Scintrex) have been investigated and calibrated by it. Its test mass is a cylindrical ring having a weight of 3 tons. Its main advantage is simplicity in terms of metrology. The same principle and technology can be used to test compact tilt sensors having nanoradian resolution capability. Up to now rigorous testing methods below microradian range were not available in practice. The analysis of the so-called off-axis variation of the gravitational vector generated by the vertical movement of the cylindrical ring mass of the Mátyáshegy MMC device, however, showed that a sufficiently accurate reference signal having (15 ± 0.02) nrad peak-to-peak amplitude can be provided for calibration. It is just in the range of tilt induced by earth tide effect, which is a “standard” signal component in the time series recorded in observatory environment. In the first part of the paper, a discussion of the proposed methodology of tilt meter calibration is given. Then the analysis of the effect of volumetric discretization of the cylindrical ring on the accuracy of calibration is provided. Finally, possible material inhomogeneities of the ring mass and their gravitational effects are investigated by forward simulations and inversion. For this purpose the results of 300 gravimeter calibration experiments, analysed and published earlier, were utilized.
On the Korányi spherical maximal function on Heisenberg groups
Authors: Srivastava Rajula
Published: December 2022

We prove $$L^p\rightarrow L^q$$

L
p

→

L
q

estimates for the local maximal operator associated with dilates of the Kóranyi sphere in Heisenberg groups. These estimates are sharp up to endpoints and imply new bounds on sparse domination for the corresponding global maximal operator. We also prove sharp $$L^p\rightarrow L^q$$

L
p

→

L
q

estimates for spherical means over the Korányi sphere, which can be used to improve the sparse domination bounds in (Ganguly and Thangavelu in J Funct Anal 280(3):108832, 2021) for the associated lacunary maximal operator.
Elliptic Solutions of Boussinesq Type Lattice Equations and the Elliptic $$N{\textrm{th}}$$ Root of Unity
Authors: Nijhoff Frank W. , Sun Ying-ying , Zhang Da-jun
Published: December 2022

We establish an infinite family of solutions in terms of elliptic functions of the lattice Boussinesq systems by setting up a direct linearisation scheme, which provides the solution structure for those equations in the elliptic case. The latter, which contains as main structural element a Cauchy kernel on the torus, is obtained from a dimensional reduction of the elliptic direct linearisation scheme of the lattice Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, which requires the introduction of a novel technical concept, namely the ‘elliptic cube root of unity’. Thus, in order to implement the reduction we define, more generally, the notion ofelliptic$$N{\textrm{th}}$$Nthroot of unity, and discuss some of its properties in connection with a special class of elliptic addition formulae. As a particular concrete application we present the class of elliptic multi-soliton solutions of the lattice Boussinesq systems.
SWOT analysis of noninvasive tests for diagnosing NAFLD with severe fibrosis: an expert review by the JANIT Forum
Authors: Kamada Yoshihiro , Nakamura Takahiro , Isobe Satoko , Hosono Kumiko , Suama Yukiko , Ohtakaki Yukie , Nauchi Arihito , Yasuda Naoto , Mitsuta Soh , Miura Kouichi , Yamamoto Takuma , Hosono Tatsunori , Yoshida Akihiro , Kawanishi Ippei , Fukushima Hideaki , Kinoshita Masao , Umeda Atsushi , Kinoshita Yuichi , Fukami Kana , Miyawaki Toshio , Fujii Hideki , Yoshida Yuichi , Kawanaka Miwa , Hyogo Hideyuki , Morishita Asahiro , Hayashi Hideki , Tobita Hiroshi , Tomita Kengo , Ikegami Tadashi , Takahashi Hirokazu , Yoneda Masato , Jun Dae Won , Sumida Yoshio , Okanoue Takeshi , Nakajima Atsushi ,   JANIT Forum
Published: December 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of NAFLD can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, the prognosis of NAFLD/NASH has been reported to be dependent on liver fibrosis degree. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard, but it has several issues that must be addressed, including its invasiveness, cost, and inter-observer diagnosis variability. To solve these issues, a variety of noninvasive tests (NITs) have been in development for the assessment of NAFLD progression, including blood biomarkers and imaging methods, although the use of NITs varies around the world. The aim of the Japan NASH NIT (JANIT) Forum organized in 2020 is to advance the development of various NITs to assess disease severity and/or response to treatment in NAFLD patients from a scientific perspective through multi-stakeholder dialogue with open innovation, including clinicians with expertise in NAFLD/NASH, companies that develop medical devices and biomarkers, and professionals in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to conventional NITs, artificial intelligence will soon be deployed in many areas of the NAFLD landscape. To discuss the characteristics of each NIT, we conducted a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis in this study with the 36 JANIT Forum members (16 physicians and 20 company representatives). Based on this SWOT analysis, the JANIT Forum identified currently available NITs able to accurately select NAFLD patients at high risk of NASH for HCC surveillance/therapeutic intervention and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
VersorgungsNOT – Psychotherapie als zentrale, aber marginalisierte Versorgungsleistung im Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Rieß Gabriele , Löffler-Stastka Henriette
Published: December 2022

Der Artikel geht der gesellschaftsrelevanten Frage nach, welche Versorgungskonzepte und Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen erforderlich sind, um der Psychotherapie als Behandlung einen versorgungsrelevanten Stellenwert in der österreichischen Gesundheitsversorgung einzuräumen. Er geht auf soziologische Ursachen für den Anstieg psychischer Krankheiten sowie auf Fakten zum Bedarf, auf Prävalenzzahlen, Versorgungsdaten und -mittel ein und beschreibt, wie die Entwicklung einer Nationalen Strategie Psychische Gesundheit helfen kann, die flächendeckende Versorgung mit Psychotherapie zu verbessern.

Der Artikel beruht auf den Erkenntnissen der Autorinnen aus der Tagung 2020 „VersorgungsNOTwendigkeit – Versorgung in der NOT“ – veranstaltet von der Koordinationsstelle Psychotherapieforschung an der Gesundheit Österreich GmbH – und der vertieften Auseinandersetzung zum Thema Psychotherapieversorgung bzw. Versorgungsnot: In Fokusgruppen bzw. im Fachbeirat der Koordinationsstelle wurden die Fragen der Psychotherapieversorgung diskutiert sowie eine Literaturanalyse und vertiefende exemplarische explorative Interviews zum Thema durchgeführt. Der Artikel bietet erste Ergebnisse dieser Analysen, Recherchen, Reflexionen und die Schlussfolgerungen der Autorinnen.