bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissociating Perceptual Awareness and Postperceptual Processing: The P300 Is Not a Reliable Marker of Somatosensory Target Detection
Authors: Schröder Pia , Nierhaus Till , Blankenburg Felix
Published: April 2021

A central challenge in the study of conscious perception lies in dissociating the neural correlates of perceptual awareness from those reflecting its precursors and consequences. No-report paradigms have been instrumental in this endeavor, demonstrating that the event-related potential P300, recorded from the human scalp, reflects reports rather than awareness. However, these paradigms cannot probe the degree to which stimuli are consciously processed from trial to trial and, thus, leave open the possibility that the P300 is a genuine correlate of conscious access enabling reports. Here, instead of removing report requirements, we took the opposite approach and equated postperceptual task demands across conscious and unconscious trials by orthogonalizing target detection and overt reports in a somatosensory detection task. We used Bayesian model selection to track the transformation from physical to perceptual processing stages in the EEG data of 24 male and female participants and show that the early P50 component scaled with physical stimulus intensity, whereas the N140 component was the first correlate of target detection. The late P300 component was elicited for both perceived and unperceived stimuli and was not substantially modulated by target detection. This was in stark contrast to a control experiment using a classical direct report task, which replicated the P50 and N140 effects but additionally showed a strong effect of target detection in the P300 time range. Our results demonstrate the task dependence of the P300 in the somatosensory modality and show that late cortical potentials dissociate from perceptual awareness even when stimuli are always reported.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe time it takes for sensory information to enter our conscious experience can be an indicator of the neural processing stages that lead to perceptual awareness. However, because many cognitive processes routinely correlate with perception, isolating those signals that uniquely reflect perceptual awareness is not a trivial task. Here, we show that late electroencephalography signals cease to correlate with somatosensory awareness when common task confounds are controlled. Importantly, by balancing report requirements instead of abolishing them, we show that the lack of late effects cannot be explained by a lack of conscious access. Instead, we propose that conscious access occurs earlier, at ∼150 ms, supporting the view that early activity in sensory cortices is a neural correlate of conscious perception.
The Downfall of Pakatan Harapan in Malaysia
Authors: Ufen Andreas
Published: April 2021

In May 2018 the Malaysian governing coalition Pakatan Harapan (PH) lost in national elections for the first time since independence. But the subsequent reform process came to a sudden halt in February 2020. During transitions, unpredictability and risks for political actors are higher, and political conditions are extremely volatile. Multiparty coalitions such as PH have trouble sustaining the cohesion that was instrumental in their electoral victory. The highly polarized environment and the differing strategic calculations of PH coalition partners after the elections prompted the early downfall of the government. At the same time, the opposition, weakened shortly after the transitional elections, increased its cohesiveness and mobilized its supporters against the government in an environment of deep ethnoreligious cleavages. This paper traces the reform successes and failures of the PH government as well as the reconsolidation and strengthening of the new opposition, up to the emergence of the new Perikatan Nasional government.
A rare case of ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by primary renal neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Chunharojrith Paweena , Pradniwat Kanapon , Kongmalai Tanawan
Published: April 2021

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion is responsible for 5–15% of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is a common cause of ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). However, primary renal NET is exceedingly rare. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported and only a few cases presented with CS. Because of its rarity and lack of long-term follow-up data, clinical manifestations, biological behavior and prognosis are not well understood. Here, we report the case of a 51-year-old man who presented with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with EAS. CT scan revealed a lesion of uncertain nature at the lower pole of the left kidney. Octreotide scan found a filling defect at the lower pole of left kidney. It was difficult to determine if this finding was the true etiology or an incidental finding. Unfortunately, the patient’s clinical status rapidly deteriorated with limited medical treatment. The patient underwent left nephrectomy and left adrenalectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed NET with oncocytic features. Immunohistochemistry staining was positive for ACTH. The patient’s condition gradually improved. Additionally, glucocorticoid replacement was required only 6 months during a gradual recovery of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis achieved approximately three years after tumor removal. Although extremely rare, primary renal NET should be considered as a cause of EAS particularly in a patient with rapid clinical deterioration. Thorough investigation, early diagnosis and careful management are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Learning points

Primary renal NET is an extremely rare cause of ectopic ACTH syndrome.

Ectopic ACTH syndrome has a rapid onset with severe clinical manifestations. In this case, the patient’s condition deteriorated rapidly, resulting from severe hypercortisolism. Resection of the tumor is the most effective treatment.

Localization of ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors is very challenging. Multimodality imaging including CT, MRI, octreotide scan, and positron emission tomography plays a crucial role in identifying the tumors. However, each imaging modality has limitations.
SAHA induces white fat browning and rectifies metabolic dysfunctions via activation of ZFPs
Authors: Ma Jinyu , Wang Yuejun , Ding Jie , Zhang Shouping , Yang Yinuo , Sun Cheng
Published: April 2021

Several histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to play beneficial roles in treating obesity and its related metabolic syndromes. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not understood well. In this study, we examined the potential roles of SAHA, a potent inhibitor of HDACs, on energy expenditure and explored the molecular mechanism involved. Our data showed that SAHA induces less lipid accumulation and smaller lipid droplets in cultured adipocytes. In vivo studies showing SAHA reduces body weight gain and increases core temperature in lean and obese mice. Furthermore, SAHA accelerates blood glucose disposal, improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates fatty liver in obese animals. Transcriptome sequencing found that a group of zinc finger proteins (Zfps) was up-regulated by SAHA. Functional studies showed that the knockdown of Zfp691 or Zfp719 largely abolishes SAHA-induced Ucp1 expression in adipocytes. ChIP assay showed that SAHA stimulates histone H3 acetylation at Zfp719 promoter. Luciferase reporter analysis revealed that Zfp719 activates Ucp1 promoter. As a consequence, forced expression of Zfp719 increases Ucp1 expression and promotes lipid catabolism in adipocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that by stimulating axis of ZFPs-UCP1, SAHA induces white fat browning and energy consumption, which makes it a potential drug for treating obesity and related metabolic dysfunctions.
On the Question of the Profitability of Land Plots of Orthodox Clergy in the early XX century (based on the materials of the Mordovian region)
Authors: Pershin Sergey V. , Shitova Tatyana V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study of the land use of Orthodox parishes based on the materials of the Mordovian region of the beginning of the XX century. Materials and Methods. In the course of the study, general scientific and special historical methods were used. With the help of comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods, the evolution of the system of land ownership and land use is traced. The identification of common and special features in the financing of rural clergy is possible only if the method of system analysis and the structural method are applied. Results. The publication contains a brief digression into the history of land relations, it traces the trends in the development of church land ownership in the early 1900s. It is established that due to the shortage of land and agricultural overpopulation, land grants on the territory of the Mordovian territory have not received significant distribution. On the basis of archival materials and published sources, the main forms of land use of the parish clergy are analyzed, which include: self-cultivation of land; leasing of land; hiring of peasants for land cultivation; combination of forms of land use. The authors found that by the end of the period under review, the use of land prevailed among the forms of land use. As a result of the processing of clerical records, the amount of profitability of church plots was determined. By leasing church land, most parishes received a relatively small but stable income. In 1915, in the Ardatovsky district of the Simbirsk diocese, it was equal to about half of the state salary. Conclusions. At the end of the study, it is concluded that on the eve of the revolution, only a small part of the rural clergy was engaged in agriculture, that is, the process of turning the clergy into a professional group of Orthodox pastors was almost complete.
On-chip environmentally assisted cracking in thin freestanding SiO2 films
Authors: Jaddi Sahar , Raskin Jean-Pierre , Pardoen Thomas
Published: April 2021

An on-chip fracture mechanics method is extended to characterize subcritical crack growth in submicron freestanding films. The method relies on a self-actuated concept based on MEMS fabrication principles. The configuration consists of a notched specimen attached to actuator beams involving high internal stress. Upon release, a crack initiates at the notch, propagates, and arrests. Several improvements are worked out to limit the mode III component and to avoid crack kinking. The method is applied to subcritical crack growth in 140-nm-thick SiO2 films under different humidity conditions. The data reduction scheme relates crack growth rate to stress intensity factor. The static fracture toughness value is ~ 0.73 MPa $$\sqrt{\mathrm{m}}$$

m

, with standard error of 0.01 MPa $$\sqrt{\mathrm{m}}$$

m

and standard deviation of 0.17 MPa $$\sqrt{\mathrm{m}}.$$

m

.

Subcritical crack growth rates are much smaller than in bulk specimens. A major advantage is that many test samples can be simultaneously monitored while avoiding any external equipment.

Graphic Abstract
Analisis Pandemi Covid-19 Dalam Presfektif Collective Action (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Cariu Kabupaten Bogor)
Authors: Hilman Anton , Pancasilawan Ramadhan
Published: April 2021

In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, many people are affected by health, economic and social aspects. With the existence of a government policy regarding large-scale social restrictions to break the chain of the virus but it creates new problems in the community. Starting from the existing problems, social actions or social activities can help overcome covid-19. Collective actions taken by the community in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic are small things that can help overcome problems in the community. Community collective action in the form of preventive, curative and promotive actions. Collective preventive action is to distribute masks, hand sanitizers, and spray disinfectants. Collective action in a curative manner, namely by providing social assistance, working on the waqf land and fish ponds, then the visiting neighbor program. Collective action in a promotive manner, namely by disseminating information related to Covid-19 to the public and also by making a handbag made by a cariu student forum from betel leaf. Collective action fosters empathic norms and attitudes in society. Collective action works best when free riding is avoided. The large number of illegal riders made the collective action not maximal. Collective action will also run well if data data and information are well available. Collective action can work well if social capital in the form of a sense of belonging, human values, and empathy grows in individuals.
Nietzsche y la religión
Authors: Guibert-Elizalde María , Simonin David , Cazal Ana-Carolina
Published: April 2021

Religioso incluso en su ateísmo, Nietzsche no solamente da que pensar en materia de religión, sino que constituye un momento crítico en la tradición filosófica que se apodera de la cuestión. Las contribuciones a este monográfico pretenden dar una aproximación perspectivista, si no exhaustiva, de lo que la filosofía de Nietzsche debe a la religión como tal, del lugar que ocupa en su pensamiento, así como de la actualidad de estas reflexiones para el lector contemporáneo que, más que nunca, vive a la sombra de Dios.
La antropología filosófica de Nietzsche. Del humanismo cristiano «anti-natural» al naturalismo dionisiaco
Authors: Lemm Vanessa
Published: April 2021

Este artículo ofrece una lectura de la curiosa figura del homo natura. Según Löwith el homo natura de Nietzsche apunta hacia una forma de vida humana que es “más natural” que la concepción cristiana de la naturaleza humana. Coincido con Löwith en que responder a la cuestión acerca del sentido de homo natura exige una antropología filosófica. Sin embargo, sostengo que la concepción de la naturaleza humana de Löwith no capta adecuadamente su fondo dionisíaco.
THE INFLUENCE OF ROCK LITHOGENESIS TYPES ON POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY (THE CASE OF PERMOCARBONIFEROUS DEPOSIT OF THE USINSKOYE FIELD)
Authors:   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm, Popov Nikita A. , Putilov Ivan S. , Guliaeva Anastasiia A. , Vinokurova Ekaterina E. , Fairuzova Iuliia V.
Published: April 2021

The paper analyzes a methodology aimed at differentiation of porosity, permeability and petrographic properties depending on facies attributes. Based on the Dunham classification, we offer in-depth studies of the influence of rock fabric, including full-size core samples, on changes in porosity and permeability. The work deals with the Permo-Carboniferous deposit of the Usinskoye field. Reservoir properties of the considered strata are highly heterogeneous. Along with highly porous and cavernous rocks, there are low porous and fractured varieties in the section, which refer to rocks of various lithological compositions. The porosity and permeability properties were analysed for more than 9,000 standard core samples and approximately 1,000 full-size core samples, taking into account the scale factor and including microfractures, large caverns and rock matrix, commensurable with the sample sizes.The analysis of the maximum variation range is of particular importance for structurally complex carbonate reservoirs. Furthermore, based on the conducted lithologic, petrographic and petrophysical studies, the authors identified four types of reservoirs and eight different types of lithogenesis, as well as estimated geological and physical parameters for each of them. Based on the cumulative correlation plots, four zones of heterogeneity were identified. They are subject to the influence of properties of the core samples of different lithogenesis types. This is the first time that the influence of various petrotypes/lithotypes on changes in the reservoir porosity and permeability has been studied for the Usinskoye field based on the petrographic and petrophysical research findings. All the conducted experiments show that the rocks of the Permo-Carboniferous deposit of the Usinskoye field are extremely heterogeneous in their permeability properties that vary much. Thus, it is necessary to differentiate the core-to-core petrophysical correlations depending on a void space fabric and lithology of rocks.
OBTAINING HIGH-QUALITY SEISMIC DATA IN THE NORTHERN PERM KRAI SWAMPY AREAS
Authors:   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm, Zakharov Iurii M. , Putilov Ivan S. ,   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm
Published: April 2021

The study undertakes to solve the problem of obtaining reliable seismic data in swampy areas. Raw hydrocarbon deposits in the North of Perm Krai are a promising asset, but their geological survey is constrained due to problematic surface conditions. Seismic exploration is the most detailed and reliable remote method of geological subsurface studies, but any state-of-the-art seismic 3D survey requires covering a much larger surface area than an actual area of a targeted subsurface survey. Swamps tend to strongly attenuate seismic waves, thus complicate a further geological interpretation of obtained data, and significantly limit the choice of engineering tools and techniques of surveying. Also it is impossible to avoid the influence of hard surface conditions in territories extending over hundreds of square kilometers. In order to explore the possibility of obtaining high-quality data in such conditions, we offer a comprehensive pilot survey using various recording and seismic wave excitation facilities. We analyzed and explored the possibility of solving this problem by using advanced seismic exploration methods. The study looks into the technology of obtaining primary data and into the stage of information processing for its further geological interpretation. This is the first time that Geoton seismic pulse source and GSONE high-sensitivity seismic receivers have been used for these purposes. According to the findings, there is an obvious advantage of using the blast over pulse source, especially in the swamp bed itself. At the same time, Geoton proved to be highly eco-friendly and safe, which makes it possible to use it in seismic exploration works of inhabited areas. The results of processing the pilot survey data show that the single seismic receivers produce wave patterns with the best quality and accuracy. The paper offers the seismic exploration techniques in swampy conditions and in territories that have increased requirements to environmental protection and safety.
ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL PRACTICES OF FORMATION WATER INTAKE PROFILE STABILIZATIONS BASED ON CROSS-LINKED POLYMER GELS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Ketova Iuliia A. , Galkin Sergei V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Votinov Aleksandr S. ,   1PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm, Kang Wanli ,   China University of Petroleum (East China), Yang Hongbin ,   China University of Petroleum (East China)
Published: April 2021

Due to a growing number of wells being in late stages of operation, there is an increasing demand for introduction of new integrated solutions reducing wellbore fluid watercut. Eventually, watercut reduction enables a prolonged operation of encroached wells and improves recovery of residual oil reserves. Polyacrylamide is the most available and industrially applicable reagent stabilizing formation water intake profiles. Based on the review of international and native experience, the study analyses the effectiveness of a variety of methods using polyacrylamide to reduce the wellbore fluid watercut. The paper discusses such injection technologies as conventional polymer water flooding, in situ gels, colloidal dispersion gels, and precrosslinked gels. Cross-linked polymer gels are three-dimensional structures where polymer chains are cross-linked by either ionic or covalent polar bonds. Depending on particle sizes, they are divided into macrogels (100 μm to several cm) and microgels (0.1 to 30 μm). Compared to in situ compounds, the use of macro- and microgels substantially reduces the risk of polymer chain destruction by mechanical, chemical or thermal factors. Based on the analysis, recommendations were developed for application of various polymer injection methods taking into account the geological and technological conditions of the production site development. It is recommended to use macrogels to reduce the wellbore fluid watercut in fields with the reservoir permeability above 500 mD; while it is advisable to use microgels with the reservoir permeability from 100 to 500 mD; and colloidal dispersion gels can be used with the reservoir permeability from 10 to 100 mD. In order to improve the development effectiveness, advanced technologies need to be adapted in due time to the geological and process conditions. Also pilot production operations need to be conducted in the native fields.
LABORATORY STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CROSS-LINKED POLYMER SYSTEMS ON PERMEABILITY AND OIL DISPLACEMENT COEFFICIENTS
Authors:   SurgutNIPIneft (Tyumen branch), Ogoreltcev Vadim Iu. , Leontev Sergei A. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Korotenko Valentin A. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Grachev Sergei I. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Diagilev Valerii F. ,   Branch of the Tyumen Industrial University in Nizhnevartovsk, Fominykh Oleg V. ,   Tyumen Industrial University
Published: April 2021

In development of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves, enhanced oil recovery methods are applied on a massive scale, chemical methods being the most common ones. Each formation stimulation technology is associated with certain application conditions which depend on the initial geological and physical formation parameters and current state of its development. Methodological approach is provided for determination of permeability coefficient and coefficient of oil displacement from rock during testing of compositions of technologies of physical and chemical enhanced oil recovery methods on the basis of laboratory studies of rheological properties of various brands of acrylamide polymer. The methods have been developed according to the requirements to core analysis. The study provides a list of equipment and basic characteristics of the filtration system, as well as the procedure for preparation of working fluids and laboratory formation to laboratory study. Laboratory study of gel systems’ rheological properties is performed on the basis of the technological process for preparation of components of viscoelastic compound recipe at the wellhead and its further injection into the formation. To this end, in order to determine the rheological properties of gel systems, a special-purpose rheometer was used, with a capability to dynamically register the changing viscosity data of the tested polymer systems prepared on the analogues of fresh, produced and Cenomanian waters in “well – formation” thermobaric conditions. Based on the laboratory studies, it has been shown that trial injections of cross-linked compositions on the basis of polyacrylamide (PAA) of brands FP-107 and Ро1у-Т-101, possessing the capability of multifold increase of final viscosity of the polymer composition (by 2–3 times and more) in conditions of increasing temperature in low salinity waters (produced, Cenomanian), enable higher technological effectiveness compared to brand FP-307 polyacrylamide presently used in the company’s oilfields.
Conceptual Geological Modelling based on Lithological and Petrographic Studies (The Case of the Permo-Carboniferous Deposit of the Usinskoye Field)
Authors:   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm, Putilov Ivan S. , Vinokurova Ekaterina E. ,   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm, Guliaeva Anastasiia A. ,   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm, Yuzhakov Aleksey L. ,   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm, Popov Nikita A. ,   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm
Published: April 2021

The work intends to develop a conceptual model of the Permo-Carboniferous deposit of the Usinskoye field. In the furtherance of this goal, the authors have addressed the tasks of designing a specialised table format to describe thin sections of carbonate core samples and create a database based on the developed format for the subsequent analysis. The paper deals with studying the Permo-Carboniferous deposit of the Usinskoye field, located in the Komi Republic. A unique database of 1,710 described thin sections from 12 wells was created based on the developed format. The classification of carbonate rocks by R.J. Dunham supplemented by Embry and Kloven (based on the dominating fabric in limestone, type of cementing agent and their relationships in the rock) was used as a basis. According to rock material compositions and textural properties, the following nine rock lithotypes were identified: Mudstone, Wackestone, Packstone, Grainstone, Boundstone, Floatstone, Rudstone, Crystalline Carbonate (Dolomite), and Clayey Carbonate Silicite. By following the rock lithology type identification results and the seismic data, three main facies zones were determined in the section of the mid- Carboniferous and Lower Permian sediments: carbonate shoal (inner ramp zone), organogenic buildup (middle ramp zone) and shallow marine shelf plain (mid-ramp zone, partially outer ramp zone). A moderately deep marine shelf plain facies (outer ramp zone) was provisionally defined. Following the study results, two profiles of the Mid-Carboniferous and Lower Permian sediments of the Usinskoye field were plotted along two well lines. The presented sections support the conceptual model developed. Based on the core sample findings, the zone of organogenic build-ups stands out in the eastern part of the field, dating back predominantly to the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian periods. An inner ramp with the carbonate shoal facies supposedly exists in the field north-west. The conducted work has resulted in the development of a conceptual model of the Permo-Carboniferous deposit of the Usinskoye field, which can be used for further development of more reliable 3D facies models, commercial-scale estimations of reserves and field development designs.
Analysis of Conceptual Engineering Tools in Designing Infrastructure Development Systems for Assets
Authors:   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm, Kelberg Kristina E. , Nadezhda A. Nadezhda A. ,   PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC in Perm
Published: April 2021

In the current macroeconomic context, it is of major importance to assess efficiency and risks of developing assets at early design stages. Engineering design in the oil industry is currently impossible without comprehensive design technologies. Already at the initial setup stage of a facility, it is required to handle the entire package of engineering information for the whole operating cycle of such a facility. Investors have to make decisions based on incomplete and inconsistent baseline data within short timeframes. The objectives set are addressed by using conceptual design tools. This work is intended to assess and analyse the existing approaches to the conceptual design of the field gathering and infrastructure development system. Presented are the methods and tools of the conceptual engineering developed by the following companies: Ingenix Group, Gazprom Neft STC (LLC), Gazprom Neft Development (LLC), RN-UfaNIPIneft (LLC), TomskNIPIneft (OJSC) and PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering in Perm (LLC). The paper presents applications of the conceptual design tools at priority facilities of the branch, including the development of the Komandirshorskaya group of fields and the feasibility study of the strategic development of the Varandey-Adzvinsky asset. For both projects, multidisciplinary teams were formed; up-to-date re-estimation of reserves and multivariate elaboration of gathering and infrastructure development system plans were performed subject to a probabilistic approach; economic feasibility was estimated and most efficient options were proposed. Based on the analysis, the main conceptual design tools for the design of a new asset infrastructure development system were identified, and the further development options of the methods implementation at PermNIPIneft branch of LUKOIL-Engineering in Perm (LLC) were specified.
International Emission Standards for Mining Machinery and Equipment
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Khazin Mark L.
Published: April 2021

The paper analyses problems associated with the use of mining machinery equipped with diesel engine releases of exhaust gases that have a harmful impact on human health and the environment. The mining industry uses a wide range of equipment powered by diesel engines: dump trucks, backhoe loaders, drill jumbos and other mining machinery. Engine exhaust gases contain toxic elements that have a significant impact on human health and the environment. Air pollution from gases leads to standbys of mine sites, while a reduced visibility on a route results in a partial or total equipment shutdown. At present, environmental requirements to vehicle engines are a top concern. The problem of air pollution with harmful substances contained in diesel engine exhausts is becoming a global challenge. Solutions of these issues require joint efforts from many countries. International conventions and adoption of relevant standards serve as a means of rapprochement in this sphere. Most operations in Europe, Asia and America are guided by similar standards as to the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases, the European Union being an influencer in this regard by frequently introducing updates and stringent regulations. Other countries are following this trend and revising their emission standards too. European states had paid attention to this issue earlier than other countries. Today, environmental requirements to vehicle engines are a top priority. Research in this field is focused on such issues as increasing productivity of mining machinery engines, reducing labour costs of maintenance and repairs, enhancing fuel efficiency and significantly improving environmental performance.
Fluctuations of wind and temperature fields in Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan waters and its possible relationship with coral bleaching
Authors: Chung Tran Van , Tien Ngo Manh , Nguyen Cao Van
Published: April 2021

Temperature and wind on the sea surface are factors affecting the development of coral reefs in the seawaters. The research results show that the warming of sea water under the condition of weak wind field is considered a major threat to the bleaching of coral reefs in the sea areas of the Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan provinces.
Zooplankton community in Thi Nai lagoon in the period of 2001–2020
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Tam , Hai Doan Nhu
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of the surveys on zooplankton in Thi Nai lagoon from 2001 to 2020. There were 179 species found in the lagoon, among which Copepod was the dominant group with 97 species (50.78% of total species), followed by Cladocera with 20 species (10.36%), Hydrozoa with 18 species (9.33%), Tunicata with 11 species (5.7%) and Siphonophora with 10 species (5.18%). Based on Bray-Curtis similarity analysis of zooplankton community and the station position, the sampling stations in the lagoon were grouped into three areas: The upper lagoon (UP), the middle (MI), and the mouth of the lagoon (MO). Among the surveyed years, there was a slight variation in the species number, while the density decreased by time and was especially low in 2020. Zooplankton density was much lower in the rainy season compared to that in the dry season, while the species number was less varied. Analysis of the differences between the areas in the lagoon demonstrated a clear distribution pattern of zooplankton with a decreasing density and an increasing number of species from upper lagoon to the mouth of the lagoon. Zooplankton diversity was less affected by time and only the Pielou index in the MI area between 2004 and 2009 was significantly different. Analysis of the various indices between seasons showed that the MO area was less volatile than the two other regions. The multi-dimensional scaling analysis demonstrated that zooplankton community was less variable by regions (50% similarity) compared to by the years (only 30% of similarity), except in 2009 and 2020 when differences among the areas were significant. Seasonal community change between the dry and rainy seasons was 30%.
Levels of heavy metals in seawater, sediment and in the tissue of Crassostrea belcheri in the western estuary of Ganh Rai bay
Authors: Phu Le Hung , Thu Nguyen Hong , Ngoc Pham Hong , Dung Le Trong , Ha Dao Viet
Published: April 2021

Recent studies have shown that the seawater, sediment and commercial bivalve molluscs in the studied area have been contaminated by some heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr. Highly toxic heavy metals like As, Cd, Pb, Hg have tended to accumulate in the tissue of clams. This paper presents the levels of some heavy metals in the seawater, sediment and soft part of oyster (Crassostrea belcheri) samples collected from the western estuaries of Ganh Rai bay in 2015 and 2017. The results also showed that Ha Thanh and Rach Lo sites recorded the highest contents of most studied metals in oyster samples. Levels of metals in oyster were in the order of Zn > Cu > As > Pb > Cr > Cd > Hg and the contents of metals in oyster did not reflect a correlation with those in surrounding environment. Concerning food safety criteria, Pb, Cd and Hg contents were lower than acceptable limit given by the compilation of FAO (1983), whereas As, Cu and Zn contents exceeded the legal limit, especially Zn contents. Cu and Cr contents in sediment samples of Nga Bay and Dong Hoa estuaries were between LEL-SEL values (≥ LEL and < SEL), which may cause biological impacts at moderate level.
Antioxidant activity of extract from some squid species in Khanh Hoa
Authors: Anh Nguyen Phuong , Ky Pham Xuan , Ha Dao Viet , Hy Le Ho Khanh , Thiet Doan Thi , Vy Phan Bao
Published: April 2021

The antioxidant activities against DPPH free radical of crude extracts using ethyl acetate and methanol from ink sac, muscles, and bones of 5 squid species (Uroteuthis chinensis, Uroteuthis sibogae, Uroteuthis duvaucelii, Sepia esculenta, Sepioteuthis lessoniana) collected in Khanh Hoa waters were investigated. These activities ranged from 4.21% (ethyl acetate extract from ink of U. chinensis) to 54.51% (methanol extract from muscle of S. esculenta.). The functional group analysis by infrared adsorption spectrum (FTIR) in these crude extracts revealed the absorption peaks of melanin in ink, polysaccharide in bone and protein in muscle extracts. In addition, the SDS-PAGE result of some methanol extracts showed the presence of proteins with a molecular weight of 30-150 kDa.
CHANGES OF INDEXES QUALITY OF MUSHROOMS DEPEND ON DURATION AND STORAGE CONDITIONS
Authors: Gunko S. , Trynchuk O. , Podpriatov H. , Naumenko O. , Yashchuk N. , Voitsekhivskyi V.
Published: April 2021

The results of investigations of the effect of duration and conditions of storage on changes in the quality of mushrooms of the Agaricus Bisporus (AB) of strain IBK-25 and Pleurotus Ostreatus (PO) of strain NK-35 were presented in the article. Changes in the quality of mushrooms were determined before and after 6 days of storage by organoleptic, marketability and chemical parameters. The temperatures of storage were minus 1, 1, 3 and 5°C and relative humidity – 90±1%. The quality of products was evaluated by appearance, magnitude of natural losses (NL), output of marketability mushrooms and chemical parameters (dry matter (DM), protein nitrogen (PN), ascorbic acid (AA)). The results of visual observations during 6 days were indicated that better temperature of storage for mushrooms was 1°C. AB at a temperature of minus 1°C frozen and after defrosting was not suitable for utilize, and the PO restored own structure and after sorting them could be processed. The quantity of marketability AB during 6 days of storage at a temperature of 3°C decreased by 3.4 and 3.5%, PO – by 3.4 and 3.8%, compared with the control; at 5°C – in AB by 19.2 and 20.6% and in the PO by 12.4 and 13.1%, respectively, depending on the waves of fruiting. NL of PO after 6 days of storage at 5°C were greater than AB as a result larger evaporation area, but they had smaller quantity of non- marketability mushrooms 8.7–9.9% against 17.7–19.3%. The output of marketability products at a temperature of 1°C in both species of mushrooms was approximately the same but at the temperature of 5°C in PO it was higher on 9.0-9.4%. Term of storage of AB during 6 days had effect on the changed quantity of some chemical substances: the amount of DM decreased (by 5.3-17.4%), AA (by 7.4-25.9%) but almost did not change the quantity of PN. Similar trends were observed for PO. Thus, as a result of the conducted researches we recommend as an optimum temperature regime of storage for mushrooms of AB and PO 1°С because it provides preservation of their organoleptic, marketability and chemical indicators.
INFLUENCE OF FEATURES OF WEIGHT GROWTH, AGE AND DIRECTION OF BREED PRODUCTIVITY ON BEEF QUALITY INDICATORS
Authors: Ugnivenko A. , Slobodyanyuk N. , Shtonda O. , Antoniuk T. , Pylypchuk O. , Kruk O.
Published: April 2021

A comparative assessment of beef in the interbreed and age aspects of animals carried out. A specific difference in the beef quality from meat and dairy breeds raised in Kyiv and Cherkasy regions has been determined. The influence of different parameters of weight growth and slaughter age on the chemical composition of beef of 20-22-month-old bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy and meat breeds was established. The chemical composition of beef of young Ukrainian dairy and meat breeds has a significant difference. Meat bulls are inferior to dairy peers in terms of dry meat content (28.8 and 31.8%) and mineral content (5.9 times) and fat content (10.2 and 12.6 times). There is no difference in protein content between the groups. In the increasing the age of slaughter of young dairy and meat direction of productivity, the content of dry matter, minerals and fat does not change significantly. Only dairy animals at the age of 20 months have a higher protein content. Before the age of 22 months, animals of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed tend to increase their fat content with a slight reduction in protein. The weight of the animals before slaughter does not affect the chemical composition of beef. The dry matter content with an increase in actual live weight before slaughter has only a tendency to increase. There is no significant difference in protein, fat and mineral content. With faster growth of animals of both breeds, only the protein content in beef tends to increase, and the content of minerals - to decrease. The meat of bulls of the Ukrainian meat breed tends to increase in fat by 0.3 points as their growth increases. Comparison of chemical composition m. Longissimus dorsi of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy and beef cattle shows that the beef of the Ukrainian meat breed, which responds to satisfactory feeding with rapid growth of muscle tissue and late formation of adipose tissue, meets the market requirements the most. The biological feature of these cattle, in contrast to the dairy breed, is that the increase in their weight up to 20-22 months of age is mainly due to the accumulation of muscle tissue and moderate growth of adipose tissue. Beef from it should be considered a lenten, so it is in great demand. The accumulation of fat in the bulls of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed is somewhat intensified. The ratio of protein to fat at 20 months in bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy is 1 to 0.29, while in Ukrainian meat - only 1 to 0.03
THE USE OF FOOD ADDITIVE "MAHNETOFООD" IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF FORMED JELLY MARMELADE
Authors: Tsykhanovska I. , Yevlash V. , Trishch R. , Lazarieva T. , Alexandrov A.
Published: April 2021

Expansion and improvement of production of jelly and marmalade products requires the search for simplified resource- and energy-saving technology, increasing the stability of a colloidals dispersed system and improving the quality of finished products. Promising technological applications have food additives in the nanometer range, due to unique physical and chemical parameters and a wide range of functional and technological properties. The paper proposes a solution to the problem of stabilizing the colloidal structure of jelly marmalade products and the formation of their quality by using a food additive "Magnetofood" (based on oxides of divalent and trivalent iron: FeO·Fe2O3). "Magnetofood" – ultrafine powder with a particle size of ~80 nm, which has a high functional and technological potential: large specific surface area, surface-active, complexing, sorption, stabilizing properties. This allows us to recommend "Magnetofood" as a food additive of complex action to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of jelly marmalade products, in particular molded jelly marmalade. It is established that the addition of food additive "Magnetofood" in the form of an aqueous suspension at the stage of "swelling-dissolution" of the gelling agent improves the shape, surface and consistency; increases the moisture content by 1,15–1,16 times in agar samples and 1,13–1,14 times in pectin samples; reduces the total acidity by 1,05–1,08 times in agar samples and 1,06–1,09 times in pectin samples; inhibits microbial contamination of the surface of marmalade samples. In addition, the rational content of food additive "Magnetofood" – 0,15% by weight of the prescription mixture and the optimal conditions of temperature and humidity during storage of molded jelly marmalade for 90 days: relative humidity φ=(75±2)%, temperature (18±2)oC.
City scale urban flood modelling and mapping
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Ayanul Huq , Akter Aysha
Published: April 2021

Inadequate drainage capacity often fails to offer the desired response in urban flooding. This aim of this study was to develop a flood hazard map through a field survey and numerical modelling. The field survey comprises cross-sectional data for tertiary drains; these are then transferred for setting up the numerical model. To feature flooding conditions, both hydrological and hydraulic model studies were carried out using the Hydrologic Engineering Center–hydrologic modelling system (HEC-HMS) developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers, and the personal computer storm water management model (PCSWMM). The use of HEC-HMS generated the runoff; the PCSWMM model simulation was carried out for 760 conduits and 693 junctions in the city that was studied. Three major outlets were considered for model calibration for 2014, the model simulated runoff showed a reasonable match with field records – that is, R2 = 0.782, R2 = 0.719 and R2 = 0.768 for the reaches Chaktai Khal, Rajakhali Khal and Mahesh Khal, respectively. Thus, the validated model was used for flood hazard mapping. It is envisaged that development authority and city planners would benefit from this coupled model.
Das Gefühl von Vertrautheit und Fremdheit. Interview mit James Sullivan
Authors: Schmeink Lars
Published: April 2021

James Sullivan speaks about becoming an author, how he feels as one of very few Black (or people-of-color) authors in German science fiction and how his own books reflect Black realities of living in Germany. 
Assessment of the Development Level of the Russian Financial Market at the Stages of Economic Growth
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Novikov Alexander , Novikova Irina ,   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

The article examines the development of the Russian economy in its modern capitalist period. The authors emphasize that when analyzing the dynamics of GDP, there are five stages that have significant differences: growth rates, models that stimulate growth, sources of financing for economic growth, and other reasons, the totality of which determines the ‘face’ of each of the selected stages. The authors substantiate the necessity and possibility of using the potential of the financial market to stimulate economic growth. At the same time, considerable attention is paid to the justification of the impact of indicators that characterize the financial market within the framework of the institutional (financial institutions) and instrumental (financial instrument markets) approaches. The authors highlight five stages of Russia’s economic growth: economic (transformational) decline (1991–1998), rapid recovery economic growth (1999–2007), decaying recovery economic growth (2008–2012), stagnant economic growth (2013–2019). The article shows the importance of the financial market for the implementation of the main tasks at each stage from the standpoint of expert assessment of indicators of the development level of the financial market: depth (the importance of institutions and financial market instruments relative to macroeconomic indicators), availability of services provided by institutions and financial instrument markets, stability (the ability of financial institutions to continue providing services in the event of force majeure and financial market volatility), efficiency (the attractiveness of the market for business). The authors of the article believe that in 2020, a new fifth stage of Russia’s economic growth began, the potential of which can be revealed through the use of financial boost tools. At present, Russia is in a unique situation of a combination of a crisis based on both a demand model and a supply model. The authors propose specific measures to use the potential of these models. The combination of the measures used will reveal new opportunities for the development of the economy and society. These opportunities can be obtained by using the ideology of the strategy of accelerated financial development of the economy – financial boost.
Aprender a observar científicamente en el laboratorio. Una experiencia en educación básica sobre la diversidad de los protozoos
Authors: Marín Miyerdady , Ramírez Acosta Linda Dayana
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que consistió en determinar la incidencia de las actividades experimentales en la promoción del desarrollo de la habilidad de la observación científica en 5 estudiantes (11-13 años). El tema sobre el que se proponen las actividades es diversidad de los protozoos. La investigación fue de corte cualitativa, con un diseño de caso único A-B. El procedimiento investigativo constó de tres fases: exploración; planeación e implementación de las actividades experimentales; y valoración de los aprendizajes. Los resultados en la etapa exploratoria evidencian que los estudiantes presentan desempeños bajos en la observación científica, consecuente con la enseñanza del docente cuyas ideas simplistas sobre la observación están ligadas solo al acto de ver; además, tampoco reconoce que debe ser enseñada a través de actividades concretas. Se concluye que, las actividades experimentales influyen positivamente en el desarrollo de la observación y el aprendizaje conceptual de la diversidad de los protozoos, así mismo, que se debe dirigir la enseñanza al afianzamiento de la atención, la sensación, la percepción, la descripción, el registro de datos y la reflexión, factores que condicionan el aprendizaje de la observación científica y que tienen progresos lentos, independientes y diferenciados en los estudiantes.