bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems involving combinations of coefficients for the inverse of some complex-valued analytical functions
Authors: Tang Huo , Abbas Muhammad , Alhefthi Reem K. , Arif Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Inequalities are essential in solving mathematical problems in many different areas of mathematics. Among these, problems involving coefficient combinations that occurred in the Taylor–Maclaurin series of the inverse of complex-valued analytic functions are the challenging ones to solve. In the current article, our aim is to study certain coefficient-related problems that construct from coefficients of the inverse of specific analytic functions. These problems include the Zalcman and Fekete–Szegö inequalities, as well as sharp estimates of the second and third-order Hankel determinants with inverse function coefficients. Also, one of the obtained results gives an improvement of the problem that has been recently published in the journal "AIMS Mathematics".
On $ \theta $-hyperbolic sine distance functions and existence results in complete metric spaces
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we first introduced the notion of $ \theta $-hyperbolic sine distance functions on a metric space and studied their properties. We investigated the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for some classes of single-valued mappings defined on a complete metric space and satisfying contractions involving the $ \theta $-hyperbolic sine distance function.
Risk spillovers and extreme risk between e-commerce and logistics markets in China
Authors: Meng Liushuang , Wang Bin
Published: October 2024

We first utilized the Bayes positive diagonal BEKK generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (Bayes-pdBEKK-GARCH) model to evaluate the risk spillovers between the e-commerce and logistics, then applied the adaptive Fourier decomposition method to measure the extent of these spillovers and detect structural changes. The results showed that there were structural breaks in both markets, which may lead to extreme risks. At last, we applied the GARCH-copula quantile regression model to analyze the extreme risks. We found that: (1) there were asymmetric volatility spillovers and positive correlations between them. (2) The dynamic risk spillovers exhibited heterogeneity over time. The logistics market had a smaller downside risk spillover, while the e-commerce market had a stronger upside risk spillover. (3) The study indicated that important events, such as the Chinese stock market crash, the Sino-U.S. trade friction, the COVID-19 epidemic, and the "either-or choice" monopoly policy of e-commerce platforms, had a significant influence on them, resulting in dramatic risk spillovers.
Plate Tectonics Uncoiled
Authors: Sheeba Rani S. , Mohammed Yassen M. , Sadhasivam Srivignesh , Jaganathan Sharath Kumar
Published: October 2024

The proposed device is inspired by the sensory abilities of snakes, which predict earthquakes a few days in advance. To mimic these natural detectors, the device will be equipped with a set of advanced sensors. It includes electromagnetic field sensors to detect subtle changes in the Earth's electromagnetic field, like detection mechanisms that snakes might use. In addition, the device is equipped with a ground vibration sensor so that snakes can sense the vibrations and provides a vital early warning of seismic activity. Infrared sensors were also integrated, allowing the device to detect changes in infrared radiation, and it is theorized that snakes use seismic sensing. Together, these technologies create sensitive and accurate seismic and landscape forecasting systems, providing a new approach to predicting natural disasters and saving lives by providing early warnings.
Enhancing Concrete Strength Prognostication Through Machine Learning and Robotics
Authors: Hema A. , Geetha S. , Karthiyaini S.
Published: October 2024

Concrete is a widely used construction material globally due to its exceptional properties. The strength of concrete varies based on the composition of cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, water, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate. By altering the ingredients in different proportions, the process can anticipate the concrete strength through the various machine learning techniques. The study in this chapter involves the utilization and comparison of three algorithms, viz. Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Linear Regression models to analyse the concrete strength. Among these models, gradient boosting yielded superior results. In order to predict concrete strength from these models, three sensors in the field paves the way for better analysis, such as, an acoustic emission sensor, a strain gauge sensor, and a wireless concrete maturity sensor. This approach proves to be highly effective in achieving optimal concrete strength using machine learning techniques.
Revolutionizing Healthcare Through Robotics and AI Integration
Authors: Saranya Jothi C. , Starlin M. A. , Roselin kiruba R. , Surya E. , Jeevanasree P. , Jayagopalan Santhosh
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the technology focused on innovating the role of robotics in the healthcare process. The integration of robots in the field of healthcare and medication can effectively recognize, treat, and manage health problems. In traditional healthcare system follows the manual diagnosis methods, manual surgery, pharmacological treatments, and patient monitoring. The drawbacks of traditional methods are lack of accuracy, high cost, limited accessibility, and social barriers. To overcome these issues this paper provides a detailed review of advanced robotic-assisted surgeries, Remote Patient Monitoring, patient engagement with robotic bonds, and enhancement of patient-centered care. It increases efficiency, decreases cost, and also improves the outcome of medical and healthcare systems. Additionally, it includes the applications, challenges, and possible future impacts on healthcare.
Open Source Software Adoption in the Financial Services Industry
Authors: Langerman Josef , Daramola Olawande
Published: October 2024

Although OSS has gained traction across industries worldwide, few studies have been reported on OSS adoption in the financial industry and even less in the context of developing countries. This paper presents an exploratory overview of the state of OSS adoption in the financial industry using the case of South Africa as a country with the largest and most developed financial sector in Africa. To achieve this, we conducted a qualitative study that leveraged the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework, and the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory as theoretical references and used thematic analysis to analyse the data collected from a focus group discussion (FGD) of eight experts from four financial services organisations based in South Africa. The study's findings reveal the state of practice of OSS and the technological, organisational, and environmental factors that affect OSS adoption, and diffusion in financial services organisations in South Africa. We also identified seven research themes that should gain the attention of researchers from now on.
Generalized Timoshenko and Vlasov Theories for the Oblique Cross-Sectional Analysis of Rotor Blades
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Rajagopal Anurag , Hodges Dewey
Published: October 2024

An important aspect of rotor blade structural and aeroelastic analyses is the cross-sectional analysis, i.e., the step that generates the blade section properties and recovers 3D stress, strain and displacement. Although there exist several section tools of repute, they suffer from a shortcoming that the reference section has to be perpendicular to the reference line. Therefore, should a user possess the 3D material and geometric properties of a nonorthogonal or oblique section, a significant effort needs to be undertaken in order to get those of the corresponding orthogonal section. The present work addresses this shortcoming by incorporating an oblique cross-sectional analysis model into both Generalized Timoshenko and Generalized Vlasov models of the well known tool VABS. The obliqueness model of VABS is then used with a geometrically exact nonlinear beam formulation to extract the static and dynamic results for beams of various cross sections, through which thorough verification and validation are undertaken. Excellent agreement is observed with results from 3D finite elements and experiments; a fact which must be emphasized given the user-friendly and cost-effective nature of VABS.
Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using A Spectral Average Based Approach
Authors:   University of Illinois-Chicago, He David ,   Green Power Monitoring Systems LLC, Bechhoefer Eric ,   The DEI Group, Qu Yongzhi , Hecke Brandon
Published: October 2024

The diagnosis of bearing health through the quantification of accelerometer data has been an area of interest for many years and has resulted in numerous signal processing methods and algorithms. In this paper, a new bearing fault diagnostic approach that combines envelope analysis, time synchronous resampling, and spectral averaging of vibration signals is presented. In this method, the accelerometer signal is first digitized simultaneously with tachometer signal acquisition. Then, the digitized vibration signal is band pass filtered to retain the information associated with the bearing defects. Finally, the tachometer signal is used to time synchronously resample the vibration data to compute spectral average and extract condition indicators for bearing fault diagnosis. The method is validated using the vibration output of seeded fault steel bearings on a bearing test rig. The result is an effective approach validated to diagnose all four bearing fault types: inner race, outer race, ball, and cage.
Thermoplastic Rotorcraft Driveshafts Provide Weight Reduction with Improved Survivability
Authors:   Automated Dynamics, Michasiow John , August Zachary
Published: October 2024

A recent Phase II SBIR program focused on improving the survivability of driveshafts in rotorcraft applications while decreasing their weight. Thermoplastic composites were identified as a candidate material for achieving the goals of the program and a design was developed utilizing data from many previous sources and designs. Driveshafts were manufactured and validated against predicted static torque loads after withstanding a ballistic impact. The shafts showed a significant improvement in post-damaged strength over the legacy aluminum design with a weight reduction greater than 30%, exceeding all program goals. Automated Dynamics utilized recent process advancements in manufacturing both test coupons and driveshafts. This process takes advantage of unique aspects of in-situ composite consolidation to improve the bond affected between subsequent plies of pre-impregnated fiber reinforced thermoplastic materials on a continuous basis. Coupon test results demonstrated a 52% reduction in void content and greatly improved mechanical properties, further improving the performance over aluminum and thermoset composite driveshafts.
Providing a Systems Approach for Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Schrage Daniel
Published: October 2024

In the past year, as part of the Administration's thrust to promote Advanced Manufacturing, a solicitation was issued for the establishment of a Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation (DMDI) Institute. The DMDI Institute will be part of the U.S. Administration's National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) initiative. The NNMI initiative is a Federal response to the need for an integrated, well-funded national network of large-scale, industry-led manufacturing innovation centers. Since global competitiveness is driven by the speed at which products can enter the marketplace at a competitive price point, this institute's focus will be on enterprise-wide utilization of the digital thread, enabling highly integrated manufacturing and design of complex products at reduced cost and time. It was stated that responses should clearly link a technology area with a specific concept of how that technology can impact that marketplace. The objective is to take the Department of Defense(DoD)Technology Readiness Level (TRL) from 4 to 7. This paper will illustrate a systems approach for DMDI based on establishing a Virtual Stochastic Lifecycle Design Environment (VSLDE) which could support the product development of complex systems, such as the new Army/DoD Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program, which will be used as an example.
Development of a Finite State Model for a Coaxial Rotor in Forward Flight
Authors:   Washington University, Peters David ,   Georgia Institute of Technology, Nowak Morgan , V. J.
Published: October 2024

Finite state inflow models satisfy the need for a computationally efficient induced inflow model in support of realtime rotor inflow calculations. Finite state inflow models develop equations relating pressure shaping functions to velocity shaping functions. This paper expands on the finite state model by applying an active-receiving rotor concept, which allows for the solution of off-disk inflows by relating the pressure from an active rotor to the induced inflow at a receiving rotor. The active-receiving rotor model has the same form of equations as the current industry standard model, the Peters-He model, but with different coefficient matrices. Model results are compared with experimental data from the Harrington rotor wind tunnel tests consisting of two teetering rotors tested in a coaxial rotor configuration. Rotor power requirements in trim are correlated for various forward flight cases. Results are also compared with Free Vortex Method (FVM) results and numerical integration results from the literature.
Semi-Empirical Physics-Based Modeling of Fuselage-Rotor and Fuselage-Wake Interferences for Comprehensive Codes
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), G. Berend ,   Konkuk University, Jung Sung , Bauknecht André , You Young
Published: October 2024

A semi-empirical analytical formulation of the induced velocities generated by the fuselage shell of the HART II wind tunnel model in the volume around the rotor is derived from computational fluid dynamics velocity data. The operational conditions investigated range from vertical descent, shallow descent, level flight and climb to vertical ascent and from forward to quartering flight. The analytical induced velocity model can directly be used to account for the inflow at the blade elements and also allows for analytical or numerical integration of rotor wake convection to compute the associated displacements of rotor blade tip vortices travelling downstream within this velocity field. The model's influence on the major flow field variables around the rotor disk and the wake trajectory is demonstrated. Since the method is generic it is anticipated that the effect of any kind of fuselage can be accounted for this way and it may be used within any comprehensive code for blade element aerodynamics, within prescribed wake codes and even free-wake codes for influencing the wake convection.
Frequency Domain System Identification of a Light Helicopter in Hover
Authors:   University of Pisa, Pollini Lorenzo ,   Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Geluardi Stefano , Nieuwenhuizen Frank , Buelthoff Heinrich
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the implementation of a Multi-Input Single-Output fully coupled transfer function model of a civil light helicopter in hover. A frequency domain identification method is implemented. It is discussed that the chosen frequency range of excitation allows to capture some important rotor dynamic modes. Therefore, studies that require coupled rotor/body models are possible. The pitch-rate response with respect to the longitudinal cyclic is considered in detail throughout the paper. Different transfer functions are evaluated to compare the capability to capture the main helicopter dynamic modes. It is concluded that models with order less than 6 are not able to model the lead-lag dynamics in the pitch axis. Nevertheless, a transfer function model of the 4th order can provide acceptable results for handling qualities evaluations. The identified transfer function models are validated in the time domain with different input signals than those used during the identification and show good predictive capabilities. From the results it is possible to conclude that the identified transfer function models are able to capture the main dynamic characteristics of the considered light helicopter in hover.
Modeling the Airwake in Helicopter Ship Landing Operations from a Control Perspective
Authors:   Virginia Tech, Sultan Cornel , Ngo Tri
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a review of some methods used for ship airwake modeling. Discussions and comparisons between these methods are included and analyzed from a control design perspective. The paper also illustrates the usage of such models in ship landing and hovering alongside the ship maneuvers. The model predictive control framework is used in the control design process for these maneuvers.
Assessment and Calibration of Semi-Empirical Models for Predicting Pollutant Emissions of the Erica Tiltrotor Turboshaft Engine
Authors:   University of Padua, Mas Lorenzo ,   HIT09 srl, Ponza Rita , Benini Ernesto
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the most meaningful EINOx and EICO zero-dimensional emission prediction methods from the literature are described and reviewed, while a selection of them are tuned and validated against publicly available experimental data. The equations of these models are implemented in TSHAFT, a proprietary engine simulator developed at the University of Padova which predicts the performance of turbojet engines in both design and off-design operation modes under variable ambient conditions. Then, TSHAFT is set up to predict the emissions of a generic turboshaft engine ranging in power from 1,800 shp to over 5,000 shp, and the results are compared to proprietary experimental data obtained during an aircraft landing and take-off cycle (LTO) at standard sea level conditions. Finally, the emissions of a turboshaft engine of 3000 SHP engine are calculated for two flight conditions (i.e. hover and forward flight cruise) of the ERICA tiltrotor. Finally, the paper presents the results of the comparison in terms of pollutant emissions between the engine emissions related to the baseline installation geometry, and the optimized intake/exhaust configuration.
Rotor Resonance Disturbance Rejection Controller
Authors:   Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp., Pedrami Reza
Published: October 2024

A control system is proposed to actively suppress the resonant mode of a rotor drivetrain. A resonant suppression control loop is introduced in parallel with the speed governing control loop. This control loop receives a feedback signal from the free turbine and rotor speed. It then extracts the resonant component from the feedback signal to generate a resonant signal containing the resonant component and estimates a derivative of the free turbine speed from the resonant signal. The control loop outputs a request for damping the resonant mode on the basis of the derivative. A narrow-band reject filter is also introduced in the free turbine speed governing loop to filter out the resonant component from the feedback signal, thereby ensuring that the free turbine speed governing loop does not interfere with the resonant suppression control loop.
System Geometrical Management
Authors:   Eurocopter, Martinel François , Gatti Jean-loup
Published: October 2024

This process, based on end to end philosophy defines the way of managing geometrical specifications concerning the aircraft during its complete lifecycle. Final geometry of an aircraft is the result of many manufacturing operations performed by many stakeholders. As a result, geometrical management is centered on Frontier and Interface management, following the sharing of responsibilities of vehicle systems and integrators. System geometrical Management is based on functional analysis of the Helicopter vehicle. This is a top-down approach leading to systems specification at each level of the Aircraft assembly, and following the 3 main phases of the Helicopter lifecycle: Design development, Industrialization (MAP) and Serial life. This approach leads to a cascade of specification in line with the product cascade, where Frontier specification becomes an input data for system design and manufacturing. This process guaranties the transversal robustness of design and industrial process against A/C performance criteria.
Ice Testing of a Centrifugally Powered Pneumatic Deicing System for Helicopter Rotor Blades
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, Palacios Jose ,   Invercon LLC, Szefi Joseph , Wolfe Douglas , Bailey Matthew
Published: October 2024

A novel pneumatic approach to protect helicopter rotor blades from ice accretion is presented in this paper. The system relies on centrifugally generated pressures to deform a 0.508 mm (0.02 in.) thick titanium leading edge cap. The leading edge cap is protected by a 10 μm (390 microinch) thick Ti-Al-N erosion resistant coating. Beneath the titanium leading edge, six (6) pneumatic diaphragms were installed. The diaphragms are normally deflated under vacuum against the surface of the blade, and are inflated when ice accretion thickness reaches a critical value. The deformation of the leading edge introduces transverse shear stresses at the interface of the ice layer that exceed the ice adhesion strength of the material (868 KPa, 126 psi), promoting instantaneous ice debonding. The applied input pressures to the system (+/- 25.5 KPa, 3.7 psi) were representative of the pressures generated centrifugally by a medium size helicopter rotor system. With these pressures, the maximum deformation of the leading edge was quantified to be 5 mm (0.2 in). The aerodynamic performance degradation effects related to the leading edge deformation were quantified during low speed (1 M Re) wind tunnel testing. Results were compared to the aerodynamic performance degradation due to ice accretion. It was measured that the penalties related to the deployment of the pneumatic diaphragms was 35% lower than the aerodynamic drag penalty due to ice accretion. The lower aerodynamic penalty of deploying the proposed deicing concept with respect to that of ice accretion case indicates that the system would not introduce any aerodynamic penalty while removing accreted ice. The system was tested under representative rotor icing conditions and at centrifugal loads that ranged from 110g to 514g. The deicing successfully promoted instantaneous shedding of ice layers ranging from 1.5 mm to 5 mm (0.06 in. to 0.1 in.) in thickness for varying icing conditions within FAR Part 25/29 Appendix C Icing Envelope.
Learning Optimal Guidance Behavior in Unknown Environments within Receding Horizon Planning
Authors:   University of Minnesota, Mettler Berenice , Verma Abhishek
Published: October 2024

This paper describes a guidance algorithm for autonomous operation in partially known environments. The emphasis of the paper is enabling learning within a receding horizon trajectory optimization framework. The information acquired from an exteroceptive sensor is assimilated into a spatial value function. This setup has the advantage that the system learns information directly relevant to optimal guidance and control behavior and enables efficient trajectory-planning in unknown or partially known environments. The system's performance is demonstrated using successive runs in high-fidelity indoor simulations.
The Application of Helicopter Health and Usage Monitoring Techniques within the Wind Turbine Industry
Authors:   National Renewable Energy Centre, Mulroy Michael ,   University of Bristol, Lieven Nick ,   Helitune Ltd., Morrish Peter , Ng Chong , Asher Matthew , Murra Carole , Graham Douglas
Published: October 2024

Cost-optimised maintenance of wind turbines is becoming increasingly important due to the remote location and access limitations of offshore wind farms. Maintenance and repair costs increase significantly due to the specialist vessels required and delays due to unfavourable weather conditions. Significant cost reductions can be achieved by making better use of condition monitoring information to make more efficient and effective maintenance decisions. Replacement parts and specialist access equipment can be ordered in advance, reducing downtime. Work can be scheduled at a time when the wind speed is predicted to be low, minimising production losses. The key innovation described in this paper is the transfer of condition monitoring technologies and maintenance models from the aerospace industry to the wind turbine industry. New health and usage monitoring techniques have been developed, which are intended to enable predictive maintenance and extend component life through the use of advanced maintenance protocols. The ability of the new algorithms to identify real-time features has been demonstrated using recordings of wind turbine drive train vibration and bearing seeded fault testing.
Treatment of keloids with pulsed dye laser in a pediatric population
Authors: Cavalli Riccardo , Monzani Nicola Adriano , Aromolo Italo Francesco
Published: October 2024

Several studies confirmed the role of Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL) in successfully treating keloids. To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted entirely in children (<14 years old).
Case notes and photographic records of 16 pediatric patients with keloids treated with PDL at our centre between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed. The red tone of the lesion before the first treatment, number of sessions, clinical improvement, and the evaluation of the satisfaction of patients have been reported.
An excellent clearance has been achieved in 7 out of 16 (43.8%) cases, a good-moderate clearance in 7 patients (43.8%), and a slight clearance in 2 patients (12.4%). No patients detected absent or low results. A total of 13 out of 16 patients (81.2%) were satisfied. Lesions of higher red-tone grades were able to take advantage of multiple treatment sessions.
PDL is an effective treatment of keloids in the pediatric population, characterized by a good safety profile and high satisfaction. We observed good results treating the active remodeling lesions with a higher red tone. These data have to be confirmed with further studies in a larger set of pediatric patients.
No evidence of "weekend effect" for complications of medical and surgical care
Authors: Mattiuzzi Camilla , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

We performed an electronic search in CDC WONDER online database (years 2018-2022) to explore whether the higher risk of dying during the weekends may be related to complications of medical and surgical care. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD multiple comparison test revealed no significant variation in mean number of deaths during the seven days of the week in the US. No significant difference was observed between the mean number of deaths during the weekend and those recorded during the weekdays (675±130 vs. 711±112; p=0.339). The mean ratio of mortality due to complications of medical and surgical care to the total number of deaths was not significantly different on weekends and weekdays (151 vs. 158×100,000 deaths; p=0.255). The results of this analysis suggest that the so-called “weekend effect” may not be apparently attributable to complications of medical and surgical care and may hence be more related to patient-specific factors.
Responsible consent: legal implications and behaviour of the Catholic doctor.
Authors: Silvestri Nicola
Published: October 2024

Not available.
The Hippocratic Ethos
Authors: Spinsanti Sandro
Published: October 2024

Not available.
The issue of bioethics: The case of genetics
Authors: Malherbe Jean-François
Published: October 2024

Not available.
The Billings ovulation method: data and evaluations from the World Health Organisation multicentre study
Authors: Capella Anna , Navarretta Valeria , Giacchi Elena
Published: October 2024

Two articles have recently been published reporting the results of a study conducted by the World Health Organisation on the Ovulation Method, which is a natural method of family regulation based on a woman's self-observation of her cervical mucus and its changes during the menstrual cycle, and which allows her to recognise the infertile, potentially fertile, and maximally fertile phases of the cycle.
The integration of body and psyche in therapy
Authors: Spinsanti Sandro
Published: October 2024

‘Psychotherapy with the body’ is an expression that sounds paradoxical. Other terms - such as ‘body-based’ or ‘body-mediated’ - may perhaps mitigate the paradox, but not eliminate it. Treating the body and treating with the psyche are, in our culture, two at first sight irreconcilable modalities.
Religion and Health
Authors: Auterio Antonio
Published: October 2024

Not available.
The impact of COVID-19 infection on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cavasin Davide , Zanini Umberto , Montelisciani Laura , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Fabbri Laura , Antolini Laura , Luppi Fabrizio
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 has a negative impact on the survival of respiratory patients, especially those with interstitial lung disease. This review aims to better understand the effect of COVID-19 on patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus performed from December 2019 up to July 2024 identified relevant studies. Eligibility criteria included English language, sample size ≥10 patients, COVID-19 infection and outcome measures. Two independent reviewers assessed studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for bias and extracted data. Meta-analysis employed a random-effects model, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessed evidence quality. Outcomes considered were hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mortality. Of the 1541 initially identified articles, 6 high-quality studies were included. Meta-analysis revealed a 34% mortality rate [95% confidence interval (CI): 21-48%], 36% hospitalization rate (95% CI: 10-75%), and 31% ICU admission rate (95% CI: 7-71%) among IPF patients with COVID-19. The certainty of evidence was low or very low due to publication bias and heterogeneity. This study underscores the elevated risk of hospitalization and death in IPF patients with COVID-19, emphasizing the vulnerability of this population. Prompt and tailored care is crucial to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on IPF patients, necessitating proactive measures, vaccination, and comprehensive management.
Clinical efficacy of olfactory training using aromatic traditional Chinese medicine in managing olfactory dysfunction induced by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Qiao X-F , Han L-Y , Li Y-F , Li H , Zhen H-M , Dang H-R , Chen Y , Li X
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the clinical efficacy of olfactory training using aromatic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for addressing severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced olfactory dysfunction, while also exploring the factors that influence the observed efficacy. Methods: 172 outpatients with SARS-CoV-2-related olfactory dysfunction were randomized into two groups. The experimental group received olfactory training with TCM aromatics (ginger, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Santali Albi Lignum, Styrax), while the control group used non-TCM aromatics (phenyl ethanol-rose, menthol-mint, citronellal-lemon, eugenol-clove) for 24 weeks. Olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks test and TDI (threshold-discrimination-identification) scores at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. Results: Response rates at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment were 3.66%, 25.61%, and 43.90% in the experimental group, and 4.94%, 23.46%, and 43.21% in the control group. The TDI scores of the experimental group and the control group were statistically different before and after treatment. At 3 and 6 months post-treatment, TDI scores increased significantly, with enhanced odor discrimination and identification capabilities in both groups compared to pre-treatment, while the odor detection threshold was not improved compared with that before treatment. At the 3- and 6-month follow-ups, experimental group showed significantly higher self-rated sleep and anxiety scores than controls, indicating notable improvement in both after treatment. Conclusion: Olfactory training with aromatic TCM offers an effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2-induced olfactory dysfunction, improving odor discrimination, identification without significant differences compared to conventional aromatics, besides, it may also improve anxiety and sleep quality.
Impact of Partial Substitution of Soybean Meal by Cottonseed Meal with Iron Sulfate Supplementation in Nile Tilapia Diet
Authors: Gad Sara A. , Mostafa Doaa IA , Megahed Hend M. , Bakry Mohamed A. , Mokhbatly Abd-Allah A. , Mowafy Rehab E.
Published: October 2024

Aquatic meals participate in food security and nutrition. The economic dimension greatly influences the sustainability of the aquaculture industry. This study aimed to assess the effects of partial substitution of soybean meal (SBM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) supplemented with ferrous sulfate (FS) on the growth performance and health status of Nile tilapia. One hundred and fifty Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were split equally into five group (triplicated). Each group was fed one of the following isonitrogenous isolipid diet; diet1 (0% CSM), diet2 (20% CSM), Diets3 (20% CSM with 580 mg/kg (FS), diet4 (50% CSM), and diet5 (50% CSM with 580 mg/kg FS) of total protein for two months. In comparison to the control group, Statistically significant (p<0.05) improvements in growth performance, hemogram, and leukogram, as well as, the levels of ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, total protein, MDA, and GSH-px were observed in the third treatment . Histopathologically, it showed the highest values of villus height, width, and surface absorption area with normal architecture and cellular details. On the other hand, fish fed diet4 had the lowest growth rat with microcytic normochromic anemia and decreased villus height and width. The groups that fed CSM showed lower cholesterol levels. In conclusion, CSM inclusion with FS supplementation enhanced growth and health parameters.
Node Date Estimation of Diversified Species of Ray-Finned Fish Based on Morphological and Molecular (Vitellogenin 3) Characters Using Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Kabita Sk , Ali Sk Nasim , Saadi Sk Md Abu Imam
Published: October 2024

Fish and other oviparous and ovoviviparous animals contain vitellogenin (Vtg), an egg yolk precursor phospholipoglycoprotein, which is the prerequisite for oocyte growth during oogenesis. Vtg is also employed as a biomarker to assess the reproductive health of female fish. In this study, we select 34 ray-finned fish under the class Actinopterygii to investigate the evolutionary time scale of their diversification age based on the molecular (vtg3 gene) as well as the combined (morphological and vtg3 gene) characters using different evolutionary models in Bayesian analysis. The analysis indicates that the species of different orders evolved in different epochs. In the case of molecular-based analysis, the orders Cyprinodontiformes and Perciformes are diversified in early Eocene to Oligocene, Anabantiformes in late Eocene, Cypriniformes in Oligocene & Salmoniformes Miocene. In the case of morpho-molecular based analysis the order Cyprinodontiformes is diversified in early Eocene to Oligocene, Anabantiformes in late Eocene, Perciformes in late Eocene to Oligocene, Cypriniformes in Oligocene to Miocene & Salmoniformes Oligocene to Pliocene. However, both analyses suggest that most of the selected species are diversified in Miocene, Oligocene, Eocene, and Paleocene Epoch between 5 – 65 MYA.
Cytochrome b Mitochondrial Gene Revealed a Strong Genetic Differentiation between Two Populations of the Endemic Freshwater Fish Moroccan Loach Cobitis maroccana Pellegrin, 1929
Authors: Ouassal Keltoum , Doadrio Ignacio , Yahyaoui Ahmed , Jaziri Hassane
Published: October 2024

Cobitis maroccana, also known as the Moroccan loach, is an endemic freshwater fish found in the rivers of the Loukkos and Sebou basins in Morocco. In order to gain a better understanding of the genetic differentiation within C. maroccana from the Loukkos and Sebou populations, a comprehensive study was conducted, focusing on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. A total of 30 sequences of the complete cytochrome b (1140 bp) were obtained from C. maroccana specimens. Through a combination of phylogenetic analysis, phylogeographic assessments, as well as the estimation of the Fst index, the research outcomes revealed significant genetic differentiation between the two juxtaposed basin populations. Notably, each of these basins displayed unique and distinct haplotype groups within the C. maroccana specimens. These intriguing findings strongly suppose that the populations in the Loukkos and Sebou basins have become reproductively isolated from each other over time, indicating limited or no interbreeding between them.
Vertical Transmission of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio: Experimental Insights and Implications
Authors: Ito Takafumi , Yuasa Kei , Kurobe Tomofumi
Published: October 2024

Currently, little is known about vertical transmission of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3). Here, we assessed potentials for (1) vertical transmission of CyHV-3 and (2) viral infection to fertilized eggs via viral-contaminated environmental water. After CyHV-3 exposure, eggs were incubated, and hatchlings were raised to juvenile stage. To assess occurrence of KHVD during the experiment, samplings were performed at various stages, such as fertilized egg, eyed egg, larval, and juvenile stages. The viral DNA was detected only from eggs at 3 h post fertilization, but not from fish at later stages. No mortality associated with CyHV-3 infection was observed in all the groups during the experimental period, or fish became 91 days post hatch. Additionally, those juveniles were re-exposed to CyHV-3 to investigate whether CyHV-3 infection was established at the egg stage. As a result, statistically significant difference was not observed in the cumulative mortality between the larval fish with or without CyHV-3 infection at the egg stage, suggesting that fish exposed to CyHV-3 at the egg stage did not acquire immunity against the viral infection. All our results suggest that it is improbable that KHVD can be transmitted vertically through eggs of common carp that have survived CyHV-3 infection.
Occurrence data of the Atlantic Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus, Rathbun, 1896) Indicates that a New Indwelled is Settling in the Black Sea
Authors: Ceylan Yusuf
Published: October 2024

It is remarkable that blue crabs have been encountered frequently in recent years, especially on the southern coast of the Black Sea, after it was first reported in 1968. Reporting of three new records for blue crabs was tried to identify suitable areas for possible blue crab distribution in the Black Sea based on environmental variables, and past occurrence records. Ecological niche modeling was applied for this and the most contributing environmental variables were determined as maximum bathymetry, maximum mean salinity, and nitrate. It turned out that especially shallow areas on the coast of the Black Sea can be suitable habitats for blue crabs.
Safety and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy for treating achalasia in pediatric and geriatric patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Pu Xin-Xin , Huang Shu , Zhong Chun-Yu , Wang Xia , Fu Su-Fen , Lv Ying-Qin , Zou Kang , Lü Mu-Han , Peng Yan , Tang Xiao-Wei
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

As a less invasive technique, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has recently been widely accepted for treating achalasia with an excellent safety profile, durability, and efficacy in adults. In pediatric and geriatric patients, the treatment is more difficult.

AIM

To discuss the clinical outcomes of POEM in pediatric and geriatric patients with achalasia.

METHODS

We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from inception to July 2024. The primary outcomes were technical and clinical success. Secondary outcomes of interest included adverse events and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The pooled event rates were calculated by comprehensive meta-analysis software.

RESULTS

A total of 32 studies with 547 pediatric patients and 810 geriatric patients were included in this study. The pooled event rates of technical success, clinical success, GERD and adverse events of POEM for treating achalasia in pediatric patients were 97.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 95.0%-98.3%; I ² = 0%; P < 0.000], 93.2% (95%CI: 90.5%-95.2%; I ² = 0%; P < 0.000), 22.3% (95%CI: 18.4%-26.7%; I ² = 43.874%; P < 0.000) and 20.4% (95%CI: 16.6%-24.8%; I ² = 67.217%; P < 0.000), respectively. Furthermore, in geriatric patients, the pooled event rates were 97.7% (95%CI: 95.8%-98.7%; I ² = 15.200%; P < 0.000), 93.2% (95%CI: 90.3%-95.2%; I ² = 0%; P < 0.000), 23.9% (95%CI: 19.4%-29.1%; I ² = 75.697%; P < 0.000) and 10.8% (95%CI: 8.3%-14.0%; I ² = 62.938%; P < 0.000], respectively.

CONCLUSION

Our findings demonstrated that POEM was an effective and safe technique for pediatric and geriatric patients with achalasia.
Verification of Continuously Variable Transmission Performance Tuning
Based on Bacha Racing Vehicle’s Power Matching and Transmission
Performance
Authors: Li He
Published: October 2024

Due to the compact structure of the Bacha Racing vehicle, the continuously
variable transmission (CVT) serves as a crucial transmission component. It is
essential to tune and verify its performance to ensure the power matching and
transmission efficiency of the entire vehicle. This paper conducts a kinematic
analysis of CVT based on transmission theory, designs real vehicle traction
experiments, and CVT bench tests. Additionally, it proposes a method to utilize
Hall sensors for real-time monitoring of CVT motion to assist in its tuning. The
results demonstrate that the optimal performance tuning of the CVT for the Bacha
Racing vehicle has been achieved through various experiments.
The Relativity of Suitability—The Surgical Appliance Conundrum in Africa
Authors: Yohannan Prem
Published: October 2024

No Abstract
Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) Technique: A Case Report Demonstrating Its Cost-Effectiveness in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Juttla Charandeep Singh , Jani Pankaj Gunvantray
Published: October 2024

Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) offers a cost-effective alternative to general anesthesia (GA) for wound  debridement, improving patient safety, surgical accessibility, and cost-efficiency. This study explores WALANT’s cost-effectiveness and patient outcomes in a resource-limited setting. The patient, E.M., a 27-year-old woman, presented with left upper limb swelling, which  began a week after Implanon device removal at another facility. Upon admission, she displayed severe sepsis symptoms, including a  blood pressure of 100/58 mmHg, a heart rate of 144 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and a temperature of  39.2℃. Her left upper limb showed swelling, redness, and shininess, leading to a diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis with septic shock.  Initially, wound debridement was conducted under GA. However, the patient’ s choice to undergo WALANT for her second debridement  saved her 89.1% of the cost of performing debridement under GA. This cost reduction significantly benefited the uninsured patient, alleviating the financial burden and also achieved a favorable patient outcome within the constraints of a resource-limited setting.
Editor’s choice: Infectious disease are still dominating the African scene
Authors: K Tumwine James
Published: October 2024

NIL.
Neonatal tetanus in South Sudan: a case series
Authors: B Tongun Justin , BB Madison Amanda , D Lako Joseph , L Sube Kenneth
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Neonatal tetanus is a life-threatening disease of public health importance; it is yet to be eliminated and is still occurring in South Sudan. It is caused by a neurotoxin from a bacterium Clostridium tetani whose spores exist in the environment. Compared to high-income countries, most low-income countries lack intensive care units, and magnesium sulfate shown to improve neonatal tetanus outcomes.
Objectives: We aimed to determine the outcome of neonatal tetanus in Al Sabah Children’s Hospital, Juba, South Sudan.
Methods: We conducted a case series study in Al Sabah Children’s Hospital in Juba, South Sudan. It described three neonates who presented within the first seven days of life with a history of excessive crying, inability to breastfeed, and tetanic muscle spasms when stimulated. They had signs of respiratory distress, fever, and labile heart rates. We made a diagnosis of neonatal tetanus with autonomic dysfunction, and started them on phenobarbitone because diazepam was not available, oxygen, and antibiotics. However, tetanus immune globulin and anti-tetanus serum were not available.
Results: Unfortunately, all three neonates died within 24 hours of admission.
Conclusion: Our primary focus as a nation is to improve access to quality health services and the prevention of neonatal tetanus through encouraging appropriate antenatal care, facility delivery, clean delivery and healthy umblical cord care practices, and tetanus vaccinations in teenage girls and young adults. When prevention fails, there is a need for neonatal intensive care with recommended medicines to significantly decrease mortality in this preventable tragic illness.
Keywords: Neonatal tetanus; low-income countries; neonates; Al sabah children hospital; South Sudan.
The relationship between gender and cultural beliefs of malaria into typhoid progression among rural rice farmers in Central Kenya
Authors: Woldu Dawit
Published: October 2024

Background: Women have an increased risk of contracting malaria in Kenya and the developing world because of gender roles and the cultural belief systems about disease progression and treatment. Cultural belief systems about illness progression have important implications for gender-based health intervention.
Objectives: The main objective of this research is to explore how rice farming Kikuyu ethnic group in the Mwea division of central Kenya cultural beliefs about malaria into typhoid progression. It also aims to examine the association between gender and malaria into typhoid progression cultural belief system.
Design: The study employs cross-sectional study design (N=250). Variables related to demographic and cultural beliefs on malaria into typhoid progression were collected using a structured questionnaire.
Results: More than 62% of women and 47% of men interviewed adhere to malaria into typhoid progression belief system. Multivariable logistic analysis shows women are more than twice as likely than men to believe in malaria into typhoid progression (aOR 2.15; 95% CI 1.21, 3.79, p < 0.009).
Conclusion: The study demonstrates the underlying cultural factors related to the gender disparity in the appropriate knowledge on cultural belief system of malaria into typhoid progression which could influence the overall women’s health outcomes in developing countries.
Keywords: Malaria; Typhoid; illness progression; cultural beliefs; gender disparity in Health.