bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An On‐Demand Collaborative Innate–Adaptive Immune Response to Infection Treatment
Authors: Chen Liang , Shao Zhenxuan , Zhang Zengjie , Teng Wangsiyuan , Mou Haochen , Jin Xiaoqiang , Wei Shenyu , Wang Zenan , Eloy Yinwang , Zhang Wenkan , Zhou Hao , Yao Minjun , Zhao Shenzhi , Chai Xupeng , Wang Fangqian , Xu Kaiwang , Xu Jianbin , Ye Zhaoming
Published: July 2023

Deep tissue infection is a common clinical issue and therapeutic difficulty caused by the disruption of the host antibacterial immune function, resulting in treatment failure and infection relapse. Intracellular pathogens are refractory to elimination and can manipulate host cell biology even after appropriate treatment, resulting in a locoregional immunosuppressive state that leads to an inadequate response to conventional anti‐infective therapies. Here, a novel antibacterial strategy involving autogenous immunity using a biomimetic nanoparticle (NP)‐based regulating system is reported to induce in situ collaborative innate–adaptive immune responses. It is observed that a macrophage membrane coating facilitates NP enrichment at the infection site, followed by active NP accumulation in macrophages in a mannose‐dependent manner. These NP‐armed macrophages exhibit considerably improved innate capabilities, including more efficient intracellular ROS generation and pro‐inflammatory factor secretion, M1 phenotype promotion, and effective eradication of invasive bacteria. Furthermore, the reprogrammed macrophages direct T cell activation at infectious sites, resulting in a robust adaptive antimicrobial immune response to ultimately achieve bacterial clearance and prevent infection relapse. Overall, these results provide a conceptual framework for a novel macrophage‐based strategy for infection treatment via the regulation of autogenous immunity.
Microstructural and Rheological Transitions in Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Charlton Samuel G.V. , Bible Amber N. , Secchi Eleonora , Morrell‐Falvey Jennifer L. , Retterer Scott T. , Curtis Thomas P. , Chen Jinju , Jana Saikat
Published: July 2023

Biofilms are aggregated bacterial communities structured within an extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM controls biofilm architecture and confers mechanical resistance against shear forces. From a physical perspective, biofilms can be described as colloidal gels, where bacterial cells are analogous to colloidal particles distributed in the polymeric ECM. However, the influence of the ECM in altering the cellular packing fraction (ϕ) and the resulting viscoelastic behavior of biofilm remains unexplored. Using biofilms of Pantoea sp. (WT) and its mutant (ΔUDP), the correlation between biofilm structure and its viscoelastic response is investigated. Experiments show that the reduction of exopolysaccharide production in ΔUDP biofilms corresponds with a seven‐fold increase in ϕ, resulting in a colloidal glass‐like structure. Consequently, the rheological signatures become altered, with the WT behaving like a weak gel, whilst the ΔUDP displayed a glass‐like rheological signature. By co‐culturing the two strains, biofilm ϕ is modulated which allows us to explore the structural changes and capture a change in viscoelastic response from a weak to a strong gel, and to a colloidal glass‐like state. The results reveal the role of exopolysaccharide in mediating a structural transition in biofilms and demonstrate a correlation between biofilm structure and viscoelastic response.
Arthritic Microenvironment‐Dictated Fate Decisions for Stem Cells in Cartilage Repair
Authors: He Songlin , Deng Haotian , Li Peiqi , Hu Jingjing , Yang Yongkang , Xu Ziheng , Liu Shuyun , Guo Weimin , Guo Quanyi
Published: July 2023

The microenvironment and stem cell fate guidance of post‐traumatic articular cartilage regeneration is primarily the focus of cartilage tissue engineering. In articular cartilage, stem cells are characterized by overlapping lineages and uneven effectiveness. Within the first 12 weeks after trauma, the articular inflammatory microenvironment (AIME) plays a decisive role in determining the fate of stem cells and cartilage. The development of fibrocartilage and osteophyte hyperplasia is an adverse outcome of chronic inflammation, which results from an imbalance in the AIME during the cartilage tissue repair process. In this review, the sources for the different types of stem cells and their fate are summarized. The main pathophysiological events that occur within the AIME as well as their protagonists are also discussed. Additionally, regulatory strategies that may guide the fate of stem cells within the AIME are proposed. Finally, strategies that provide insight into AIME pathophysiology are discussed and the design of new materials that match the post‐traumatic progress of AIME pathophysiology in a spatial and temporal manner is guided. Thus, by regulating an appropriately modified inflammatory microenvironment, efficient stem cell‐mediated tissue repair may be achieved.
Materials and Design Approaches for a Fully Bioresorbable, Electrically Conductive and Mechanically Compliant Cardiac Patch Technology
Authors: Ryu Hanjun , Wang Xinlong , Xie Zhaoqian , Kim Jihye , Liu Yugang , Bai Wubin , Song Zhen , Song Joseph W. , Zhao Zichen , Kim Joohee , Yang Quansan , Xie Janice Jie , Keate Rebecca , Wang Huifeng , Huang Yonggang , Efimov Igor R. , Ameer Guillermo Antonio , Rogers John A.
Published: July 2023

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Recently developed cardiac patches provide mechanical support and additional conductive paths to promote electrical signal propagation in the MI area to synchronize cardiac excitation and contraction. Cardiac patches based on conductive polymers offer attractive features; however, the modest levels of elasticity and high impedance interfaces limit their mechanical and electrical performance. These structures also operate as permanent implants, even in cases where their utility is limited to the healing period of tissue damaged by the MI. The work presented here introduces a highly conductive cardiac patch that combines bioresorbable metals and polymers together in a hybrid material structure configured in a thin serpentine geometry that yields elastic mechanical properties. Finite element analysis guides optimized choices of layouts in these systems. Regular and synchronous contraction of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes on the cardiac patch and ex vivo studies offer insights into the essential properties and the bio‐interface. These results provide additional options in the design of cardiac patches to treat MI and other cardiac disorders.
Practical Application of All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries Based on High‐Voltage Cathodes: Challenges and Progress
Authors: Chen Xilong , Li Xiangjie , Luo Lingjie , He Shengnan , Chen Jian , Liu Yongfeng , Pan Hongge , Song Yun , Hu Renzong
Published: July 2023

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have become a recent research hotspot because of their excellent safety performance. In order to better reflect their superiority, high‐voltage cathodes should be applied to enhance the energy density of solid batteries to compete with commercial liquid batteries. However, the introduction of high‐voltage cathodes suffers from many problems, such as low electrochemical stability, inferior interface chemical stability between cathode and electrolyte, poor mechanical contact, and gas evolution. These drawbacks significantly influence the battery performance, even causing battery failure and hindering the commercialization of solid‐state batteries. This paper first reviews the above failure mechanisms of high‐voltage cathode‐based ASSLBs from different perspectives. Then, recent advances in solid‐state electrolytes for ASSLBs are summarized, mainly including polymer solid electrolytes, sulfide solid electrolytes, and oxide solid electrolytes. In addition, the influence of the cathode materials is also highly critical, and strategies to improve electrochemical performance are put forward, which can be divided into coating protection, synthesis modification, and structure improvement. Finally, guidelines for the future development of solid‐state batteries are also discussed.
The utility of an online discussion board for reflective writing in an emergency medicine rotation
Authors: Pandit Kiran , Chu David L. , Russell Roxanne , Wright Melissa , Titone Lauren , Diaz Tomas , Truong Jimmy , Murano Tiffany , Egan Daniel J.
Published: July 2023

Background

Narrative analysis and reflection have been found to support professional identity formation (PIF) and resilience among medical students. In the emergency department, students have used reflective practice to process challenging clinical experiences, such as ethical dilemmas or moral distress. An online discussion board, however, has not been described as a curricular component of emergency medicine (EM) rotations. The objective of this educational innovation was to support medical students in an EM clinical rotation via an online discussion board for reflecting on and debriefing clinical experiences with faculty and peers.

Methods

Fifty‐two medical students enrolled in the pass/fail EM elective between May 13, 2019, and October 30, 2020. Each cohort of six students took part in a cohort‐specific discussion using the Canvas learning management system. Students were encouraged to post about any observations, reflections, or emotions after their shifts. Faculty course directors responded to each post using concepts of debriefing, coaching, and trauma‐informed teaching.

Results

Over 18 months, 49 of 52 (94%) students participated in the discussion board. Of 346 total posts, half were by students, and the other half were faculty responses. Students posted 3.27 times each, on average. Students rarely raised questions about scientific knowledge content, fact‐based aspects of patient care, or specific skills. Rather, they often posted about intensely affective reactions to experiences that left them with complex emotions. Upon review of posts by the course directors, the majority (54%) of students’ posts contained a range of affective responses. Students appreciated faculty responses and supported each other in their written responses to peers.

Conclusions

An online discussion board can be used successfully for asynchronous reflective practice to debrief clinical experiences during an EM rotation, if designed incorporating faculty and peer support using trauma‐informed teaching principles to bolster well‐being and PIF.
Retention of emergency cricothyroidotomy skills: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nielsen Martine Siw , Raben‐Levetzau Felix Nicolai , Andersen Steven Arild Wuyts , Wennervaldt Kasper , Konge Lars , Nielsen Anders Bo
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Emergency cricothyroidotomy is the final approach to establishing a secure airway. The procedure is acute and highly infrequent, making it difficult to achieve and maintain competence in the clinic. Simulation‐based training in emergency cricothyroidotomy is effective but it is unknown how often training should be repeated to maintain skills. This study aimed to assess novices’ retention of technical skills in emergency cricothyroidotomy after completing SBT.

Methods

Novices in emergency cricothyroidotomy completed a structured, simulation‐based training program and were randomized to retention tests after 1, 3, or 6 months. Participants completed two emergency cricothyroidotomy tests at end‐of‐training and follow‐up retention testing. Test performances were video recorded and evaluated by two experienced blinded raters using a structured assessment tool. Differences in the performances and the pass/fail rates were analyzed.

Results

Eighty‐two medical students from two different Danish universities were included from April 2021 to February 2022. Paired t‐tests showed skills decay significantly after 1 month (mean loss 6.7 points, p < 0.001). The mean loss of points, representing the difference in global score points, from the end‐of‐training to retention test was 6.7 points (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.5–8.8) for the 1‐month group, 8.2 points (95% CI 5.8–10.0) for the 3‐months group, and 9.9 points (95% CI 8.1–11.7) for the 6‐months group. Six participants in both the 1‐month group (23.1%) and the 3‐month group (24%) passed the first retention test, but no one in the 6‐months group had a passing performance.

Conclusions

Novices’ technical skills performance in emergency cricothyroidotomy decay significantly already after 1 month. This initial loss of skill seems to be stable until 3 months, after which there is a further significant loss of skills. Recurring training should be implemented for the benefit of patient safety and outcomes.
Boosting ammonia synthesis over molybdenum nitride through nickel‐mediated nitrogen activation and hydrogen transfer
Authors: Li Jiahui , Zhang Chuanfeng , Liu Yang , Fang Biyun , Ni Jun , Lin Jianxin , Lin Bingyu , Jiang Lilong
Published: July 2023

Synergistic optimization of nitrogen dissociation and hydrogen transfer might be an efficient strategy to develop a highly efficient ammonia synthesis catalyst. Herein, the Ni‐modified molybdenum nitride is used as the catalyst of ammonia synthesis. The presence of the highly dispersed Ni metal results in enhancement of nitrogen vacancy, causing the acceleration of the exchange and reaction of the lattice N species with the nitrogen species from the gaseous phase. In addition, the presence of Ni species facilitates the hydrogen transfer and spillover, as well as easy hydrogen release. As a result, the optimized molybdenum nitride catalyst with 0.1 wt% Ni shows a 2.5‐times higher catalytic activity than that of the catalyst without Ni species at 400°C owing to the coupling of nitrogen activation and hydrogen transfer effects. This general approach could inspire the rational design of other metal catalysts for ammonia synthesis.
Brønsted Acid–Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 1,4‐Enediones with 2‐Naphthols: Synthesis of 2‐Furylmethylnaphthalenes
Authors: Gao Cong‐Hui , Yu Lei , Wu Xin‐Yue , Wan Hong‐Lin , Tan Wei , Shi Feng
Published: July 2023

A Brønsted acid‐catalyzed tandem cyclization/addition reaction of 1,4‐enediones with 2‐naphthols was developed, affording a series of 2‐furylmethylnaphthalenes in high yields (up to 98%). Furthermore, the control experiments revealed the possible reaction pathway and activation mode, which will enrich the research on Brønsted acid catalysis and tandem reactions.
Bismuth in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry: Access to a Bowl‐Type Macrocycle and a Barrel‐Type Heptanuclear Complex Cation
Authors: Stoy Andreas , Jürgensen Malte , Millidoni Christina , Berthold Chantsalmaa , Ramler Jacqueline , Martínez Sebastián , Buchner Magnus R. , Lichtenberg Crispin
Published: July 2023

Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) is a powerful and widely applied tool in modern synthetic chemistry, which is based on the reversible cleavage and formation of covalent bonds. One of the inherent strengths of this approach is the perspective to reversibly generate in an operationally simple approach novel structural motifs that are difficult or impossible to access with more traditional methods and require multiple bond cleaving and bond forming steps. To date, these fundamentally important synthetic and conceptual challenges in the context of DCvC have predominantly been tackled by exploiting compounds of lighter p‐block elements, even though heavier p‐block elements show low bond dissociation energies and appear to be ideally suited for this approach. Here we show that a dinuclear organometallic bismuth compound, containing BiMe2 groups that are connected by a thioxanthene linker, readily undergoes selective and reversible cleavage of its Bi−C bonds upon exposure to external stimuli. The exploitation of DCvC in the field of organometallic heavy p‐block chemistry grants access to unprecedented macrocyclic and barrel‐type oligonuclear compounds.
Evaluation of spherulite growth in PHB‐based systems – A DoE approach
Authors: Majerczak Katarzyna , Liggat John
Published: July 2023

Formulations based on poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐valerate) were studied to statistically assess the importance of process parameters (temperature) and chemistry in filled and/or plasticized PHB‐based formulations on spherulite growth rate (SGR) and nucleation density (ND). It was found that in binary systems, addition of a plasticizer results in shift of the maximum SGR towards lower temperatures, with the value of the shift dependent on polymer‐plasticizer compatibility. The presence of the filler does not significantly influence SGR, instead resulting in ND changes dependent on filler chemistry, with Cloisite Ca++ showing the strongest nucleating action in all formulations among fillers studied. In ternary systems, statistical analysis shows that SGR strongly depends on the crystallization temperature (Tc), plasticizer type and concentration, and hydroxyvalerate content in the polymer chain while being independent of the presence and chemistry of the filler in the system. ND has, however, proven to be dependent on all investigated parameters, including both filler type and its concentration, with Tc being the most important factor. These results expand the understanding of factors controlling crystallization in polymer systems and provide an initial set of design tools that can be used to control mechanical properties in new generations of packaging materials.
Effect of homemade PON compounded with expanded graphite ratio on flame retardancy of polystyrene resin
Authors: Wang Xianting , Tu Hongyi , Xue Guoming , Gu Guangxin
Published: July 2023

In this paper, diphenyl phosphoryl chloride and anhydrous piperazine are used as raw materials to prepare a kind of homemade flame retardant (PON) with P‐N synergistic effect by nucleophilic substitution reaction. The properties of polystyrene/PON/ expandable graphite composites are analyzed by limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry (CONE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of different ratios of PON and expandable graphite (EG) on the flame retardant properties of polystyrene resin are investigated. The results show that when the total amount of flame retardant is 10 wt%, the ratio of PON and EG is 3:2 and 1:1, which is better than the other ratios. However, due to the small amount of flame retardant, the optimal synergistic effect of PON and EG is not obvious, and the flame retardant performance is similar. However, when the total amount of flame retardant increases to 20 wt%, it is obvious that the ratio of PON and EG 3:2 is better than 1:1.
Improvement of melt viscosity and compatibility of polyglycolic acid (PGA)/polylactic acid (PLA) blend via reactive blending with bifunctional and multifunctional hybrid chain extender
Authors: Liu Deguo , Xie Qimeng , Liu Ziwei , Chen Ju , Zou Xiaoxuan , Jing Bo
Published: July 2023

The low melt viscosity and melt strength of polyglycolic acid (PGA) severely limit its application. In this work, high melt viscosity PGA/PLA blends are prepared by reactive extrusion of bifunctional isocyanate (HDI) and multifunctional epoxy oligomer (ADR) as chain extenders. The use of hybrid chain extender (hCE) containing 2 wt% HDI and 1 wt% ADR results in a long chain branched/cross‐linked structure, thus increasing melt viscosity more effectively than HDI or ADR alone. The complex viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus of the PGA/PLA/hCE blends are significantly higher than those of the PGA/hCE. The 60PGA/40PLA/hCE has the highest complex viscosity of 72,115 Pa s, which is 69 times of that of PGA/hCE. The modification of hCE significantly improved the mechanical performance of PGA/PLA blend, with the 60PGA/40PLA/hCE having the highest tensile strength and flexural strength. The crystallization temperature and crystallinity of the PGA component in the PGA/PLA/hCE blend are significantly reduced in comparison to that of the PGA/hCE. The PGA/PLA/hCE has the best thermal stability, with the T−5% of 355.3°C, almost 45°C higher than pure PGA. The SEM results show that the adding of hCE decreased the domain size of the PLA dispersed phase in PGA/PLA blend, due to the in situ compatibilization.
Time‐invariant portfolio strategies in structured products with guaranteed minimum equity exposure
Authors: Di Persio Luca , Mancinelli D. , Oliva Immacolata , Wallbaum K.
Published: July 2023

We introduce a new exotic option to be used within structured products to address a key disadvantage of standard time‐invariant portfolio protection: the well‐known cash‐lock risk. Our approach suggests enriching the framework by including a threshold in the allocation mechanism so that a guaranteed minimum equity exposure (GMEE) is ensured at any point in time. To be able to offer such a solution still with hard capital protection, we apply an option‐based structure with a dynamic allocation logic as underlying. We provide an in‐depth analysis of the prices of such new exotic options, assuming a Heston–Vasicek‐type financial market model, and compare our results with other options used within structured products. Our approach represents an interesting alternative for investors aiming at downsizing protection via time‐invariant portfolio protection strategies, meanwhile being also afraid to experience a cash‐lock event triggered by market turmoils.
Tuning Polybenzimidazole‐Derived Crosslinked Interpenetrating Network Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Pasadakis‐Kavounis Alexandros , Arslan Funda , Radmer Almind Mads , Aili David , Hjelm Johan
Published: July 2023

Non‐fluorinated ion exchange membranes with high proton selectivity and conductivity are sought as separators for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) to substitute the typically used perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer membranes. Polybenzimidazole based membranes offer a promising non‐fluorinated alternative due to their excellent thermomechanical properties, low vanadium crossover, and ionic conductivity in acidic media. In this work, a series of polybenzimidazole‐polyvinylchloride polymer blends were cast and decorated with different quaternary ammonium functionalities. The polymer blends were systematically studied with respect to the blend composition and chemical structure of the quaternary ammonium groups. Assessment of relevant membrane properties for use in an aqueous acidic flow battery was conducted through a combination of VRFB single cell testing, permeability measurements, water/electrolyte uptake, and infrared spectroscopy. The blend with a polybenzimidazole content of 90 % decorated with DABCO (1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) was found to combine low polarization resistance with low swelling and high stability. The performance was found to be similar to that of a benchmark polybenzimidazole membrane despite being three times thicker. This led to the conclusion that quaternary ammonium functionalized polybenzimidazole‐polyvinylbenzylchloride systems is an excellent candidate for further modification or fabrication of thinner membranes to further reduce the membrane resistance without compromising on vanadium blocking properties.
Extrusion 3D Printing of Patterned Cu Current Collectors for Advanced Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Callegari Daniele , Airoldi Lorenzo , Brucculeri Riccardo , Anselmi Tamburini Umberto , Quartarone Eliana
Published: July 2023

Lithium (Li) metal is the most attractive anode material for the next generation Li batteries. However, crucial open challenges still limit its applicability at large scale, such as the low coulombic efficiency, unstable electrodeposition, and dendrite propagation with severe safety concerns. One strategy to address these drawbacks is the rational design of innovative current collectors for the Li anode. Here, we report on a simple, low‐cost, and easily scalable process based on Additive Manufacturing technology via extrusion 3D printing to produce Cu current collectors with different and tuneable patterned structures. The current collectors are characterized by means of X‐ray diffractometry, electron microscopy, profilometry and galvanostatic cycling. We show that the three‐dimensional network can significantly stabilize the electrodeposition of Li, thanks to an enhanced electroactive surface area that enables a better Li accommodation without uncontrollable dendrite growth. Contrary to the planar current collector, the Li anode supported by the 3D current collectors exhibits stable and low voltage hysteresis at different current densities and can run for at least 330 hours without short‐circuiting. Moreover, the evaluation of Li@3DCu anode in a LiFePO4‐based full cell by galvanostatic cycling reveals excellent rate performances, achieving specific capacity exceeding 100 mAh g−1 at 1 C and coulombic efficiency higher than 99 %. These results show that the material extrusion 3D printing approach is a versatile strategy to develop new and safer anodes with a long lifespan and reduced amount of Li metal.
Differentiating passive from active risk taking: the role of self‐control and time perspective
Authors: Idan‐Tzach Tali , Keinan Ruty , Bereby‐Meyer Yoella
Published: July 2023

Passive risks are risks brought on, or magnified, by inaction (e.g., not getting vaccinated). They differ from active risks, which are incurred by actions people take, that put them at risk (such as smoking). Although (active) risk taking has been extensively studied, much less is known about passive risk taking and the personal tendencies associated with such behavior. We propose two individual traits—self‐control (SC) and time perspective—that affect the inclination to take passive and active risks, albeit in distinct ways, contributing to the differentiation between the two types of risks. In four studies, we examine a model that suggests that a future time perspective mediates the association between SC and passive risk taking, while a present‐hedonistic time perspective mediates the association between SC and active risk taking. The findings, based on both self‐report questionnaires and actual behavior, support the model and its theoretical basis. Implications and future direction are discussed.
Environmentally friendly protocol for the determination of sitagliptin phosphate in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids using l‐tyrosine as a fluorescence probe
Authors: Khan Muhammad N. , Jan Muhammad N. , Ullah Zafran
Published: July 2023

A responsive spectrofluorometric method was developed for the determination of sitagliptin phosphate using l‐tyrosine as a fluorescence probe. The fluorescence intensity of l‐tyrosine was quenched with sitagliptin phosphate. The fluorescence intensity was recorded at 307 nm using a 272 nm excitation wavelength. The calibration plot between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of drug was linear in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 mM with a good correlation value of 0.997. The limit of detection and quantification were established to be 3.7 × 10−4 and 1.23 × 10−3 mM, respectively. Commonly used excipients did not interfere with sitagliptin phosphate measurement. The proposed method was used to measure the sitagliptin phosphate in its standard type, dosage form, and biological samples. The percent recovery ranged from 97.41–103.36%. The static quenching was shown to be responsible for quenching as indicated by the Stern–Volmer plot. The method was validated using ICH guidelines and profitably applied for the content uniformity test, resulting in a high percent recovery and small relative standard deviation. The proposed approach is effortless, susceptible, selective, economic, and provides a high precision and accuracy, and can be used to determine sitagliptin phosphate in the pharmaceutical industry.
Improving ribonucleic acid production in Saccharomyces pastorianus via in silico genome‐scale metabolic network model
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Qi , Wang Jinjing , Niu Chengtuo , Zheng Feiyun , Liu Chunfeng
Published: July 2023

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and its degradation products are important biomolecules widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries for their flavoring and nutritional functions. In this study, we used a genome‐scale metabolic network model (GSMM) to explore genetic targets for nucleic acid synthesis in a Saccharomyces pastorianus strain (G03). Yeast 8.5.0 was used as the base model, which accurately predicted G03's growth. Using OptForce, we found that overexpression of ARO8 and ATP1 among six different strategies increased the RNA content of G03 by 58.0% and 74.8%, respectively. We also identified new metabolic targets for improved RNA production using a modified GSMM called TissueModel, constructed using the GIMME transcriptome constraint tool to remove low‐expressed reactions in the model. After running OptKnock, the RNA content of G03‐△BNA1 and G03‐△PMA1 increased by 44.6% and 39.8%, respectively, compared to G03. We suggest that ATP1, ARO8, BNA1, and PMA1 regulate cell fitness, which affects RNA content. This study is the first to identify strategies for RNA overproduction using GSMM and to report that regulation of ATP1, ARO8, BNA1, and PMA1 can increase RNA content in S. pastorianus. These findings also provide valuable knowledge on model reconstruction for S. pastorianus.
The effect of background audio and audiovisual stimuli on students' autonomic responses during and after an experimental academic examination
Authors: Balıkçı İlker , Tok Serdar , Binboğa Erdal
Published: July 2023

Background

Due to the Covid‐19 pandemic lockdown during the online‐distant education period, certain students tended to combine their courses and homework with TV or social media news or other media content, such as classical music, including a wealth of audio and audiovisual stimuli. As the audio and audiovisual stimuli existing in a learning environment may affect students' autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses negatively, the present study aimed to monitor the impact of background TV, classical music, and silence on students' ANS activity represented by heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood volume amplitude (BVA), and skin conductance level (SCL) during and after an experimental academic examination.

Method

Seventy‐six students were randomly allocated to background TV, classical music, or silence groups. The experiment with repeated measures design consisted of four consecutive periods: baseline, anticipation, challenge, and recovery, lasting 4 min each.

Results

Within‐subject analyses indicated significant HRV decrement only in the background TV group. Regardless of the experimental groups, HR and SCL increased while BVA decreased during the task. In addition, the between‐subject analysis showed that the background TV group experienced significantly larger changes in HR and HRV parameters compared to the other experimental groups relative to their respective baseline measurements.

Conclusions

Based on these results, we concluded that relative to classical music and silence, background TV, including audiovisual and verbal stimuli, extant in a learning environment might raise students' sympathetic activity. Further, classical music, without lyrics, may suppress the withdrawal of vagal activity and elevate the autonomic regulation capacity during the academic reading comprehension task. HRV is a more valid and reliable indicator of students' autonomic responses during a challenging academic task.
Moving beyond “the” business case: How to make corporate sustainability work
Authors: Busch Timo , Barnett Michael L. , Burritt Roger Leonard , Cashore Benjamin W. , Freeman R. Edward , Henriques Irene , Husted Bryan W. , Panwar Rajat , Pinkse Jonatan , Schaltegger Stefan , York Jeff
Published: July 2023

One of the most investigated research topics in the corporate sustainability literature is “the” business case. Long lionized for linking the profit motive to corporate environmental initiatives, the business case for sustainability is now vehemently criticized. These critics generally argue for a return to the state and stronger regulatory frameworks. Others counter that because the private sector's capabilities are uniquely suited to realizing effective sustainability innovations and outcomes, we must not abandon but further develop our business case understanding. In this view, firms' voluntary efforts are key for innovative solutions to sustainability problems. This article overviews and unites these seemingly disparate positions. We move the field forward by placing in context criticisms and also opportunities for more meaningful positive impacts from corporate sustainability. Specifically, we argue that an effective business case orientation requires shifting to a broader “all stakeholders win” approach. This entails impact orientation, collaborative approaches, and economic restraint.
CO2 Activation with Manganese Tricarbonyl Complexes through an H‐Atom Responsive Benzimidazole Ligand
Authors: Singh Kundan K. , Gerke Carter S. , Saund Simran S. , Zito Alessandra M. , Siegler Maxime A. , Thoi V. Sara
Published: July 2023

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of two manganese tricarbonyl complexes, MnI(HL)(CO)3Br (1 a‐Br) and MnI(MeL)(CO)3Br (1 b‐Br) (where HL=2‐(2’‐pyridyl)benzimidazole; MeL=1‐methyl‐2‐(2’‐pyridy)benzimidazole) and assayed their electrocatalytic properties for CO2 reduction. A redox‐active pyridine benzimidazole ancillary ligand in complex 1 a‐Br displayed unique hydrogen atom transfer ability to facilitate electrocatalytic CO2 conversion at a markedly lower reduction potential than that observed for 1 b‐Br. Notably, a one‐electron reduction of 1 a‐Br yields a structurally characterized H‐bonded binuclear Mn(I) adduct (2 a’) rather than the typically observed Mn(0)‐Mn(0) dimer, suggesting a novel method for CO2 activation. Combining advanced electrochemical, spectroscopic, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques, we demonstrate the use of an H‐atom responsive ligand may reveal an alternative, low‐energy pathway for CO2 activation by an earth‐abundant metal complex catalyst.
Manipulation of Hierarchical Chiral Self‐assembly and Anion Recognition by Supramolecular Systems of β‐Glucopyranoside, Pillar[5]arenes, and Polyoxometalates
Authors: Zeng Mengyan , Chen Xin , Zhang Jie
Published: July 2023

Hierarchical chiral structures have broad applications in optical devices, asymmetric catalysis, and biological systems. The delicate balance of various interactions are key to the self‐assembly of chiral structures. Herein, a ternary co‐assembly consisting of cationic pillar[5]arenes (P5As), anionic β‐glucopyranoside (βGlcD/βGlcL), and Anderson‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) were constructed. Through adjusting the stoichiometry of βGlcD, the assemblies were effectively controlled to form hierarchical nano‐leaf assemblies with twisted nanoribbons in a homochiral direction. The co‐assemblies exhibit strong Cotton effects, and successfully induced the chirality of Anderson‐type POMs. More interestingly, by changing the central metal in Anderson‐type POMs (XMo6O243− (X=Cr, Al, and Ga)), even though the three clusters have the same numbers of charge and size, the hierarchical chirality of the related assemblies varied in the morphology of the assemblies and the Cotton effect in the CD spectra. Results in theoretical calculations and ITC titration indicates that the tiny difference in long‐range electrostatic interaction would result in the anion recognition of POMs, modulated by βGlcD through host–guest inclusion and hydrogen bonding in the assembly process.
Machine‐Learning‐Aided NO2 Discrimination with an Array of Graphene Chemiresistors Covalently Functionalized by Diazonium Chemistry
Authors: Freddi Sonia , Rodriguez Gonzalez Miriam C. , Casotto Andrea , Sangaletti Luigi , De Feyter Steven
Published: July 2023

Boosted by the emerging need for highly integrated gas sensors in the internet of things (IoT) ecosystems, electronic noses (e‐noses) are gaining interest for the detection of specific molecules over a background of interfering gases. The sensing of nitrogen dioxide is particularly relevant for applications in environmental monitoring and precision medicine. Here we present an easy and efficient functionalization procedure to covalently modify graphene layers, taking advantage of diazonium chemistry. Separate graphene layers were functionalized with one of three different aryl rings: 4‐nitrophenyl, 4‐carboxyphenyl and 4‐bromophenyl. The distinct modified graphene layers were assembled with a pristine layer into an e‐nose for NO2 discrimination. A remarkable sensitivity to NO2 was demonstrated through exposure to gaseous solutions with NO2 concentrations in the 1–10 ppm range at room temperature. Then, the discrimination capability of the sensor array was tested by carrying out exposure to several interfering gases and analyzing the data through multivariate statistical analysis. This analysis showed that the e‐nose can discriminate NO2 among all the interfering gases in a two‐dimensional principal component analysis space. Finally, the e‐nose was trained to accurately recognize NO2 contributions with a linear discriminant analysis approach, thus providing a metric for discrimination assessment with a prediction accuracy above 95 %.
Temporary pacemaker implantation via median cubital vein: A simple safe and effective technique
Authors: He Dehua , Zhang Ziguan , Huang Huiqing , Lin Kaimin , Ge Yan , Lin Xiongbiao , Xie Qiang , Li Weihua , Huang Zhengrong
Published: July 2023

Background

Temporary cardiac pacemaker implantation (PM) via the femoral and subclavian veins is widely used in clinics to treat patients with severe bradycardia or tachycardia, but it is technically challenging and potentially associated with various complications.

Hypothesis

This study investigated the feasibility and safety of a novel method of PM implantation via the median cubital vein.

Methods

A total of 279 patients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between March 2020 and December 2021 who required no‐emergency PM implantation were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups based on the temporary PM implantation routes: F‐control (n = 107), via the femoral vein; S‐control (n = 67), via the subclavian vein, and N‐group (n = 105), via the median cubital vein. The sheath placement time (SPT), electrode placement time (EPT), electrode arrival rate (EAR), rate of sensing and pacing (RSP), radiation quantity (RD), electrode dislocation rate (EDR) and average electrode retention time (AERT) were recorded and evaluated. In addition, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the comfort levels of patients in the three groups.

Results

There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to age, EAR, RSP, EPT, RD, and AERT (p > 0.05). However, the N‐group had significantly lower SPT than the F‐control and S‐control groups (67.0 ± 22.0 s vs. 321.7 ± 122.2 s and 307.3 ± 128.5 s, p = 0.000). Additionally, the F‐control had significantly higher EDR than the S‐control group and the N‐group (11 (10.3%) vs. 2 (3.0%) and 3 (2.9%), p = 0.036). Besides, comparison of the HAMA and SDS scores before and after PM implantation showed significant differences in the S‐control group (p = 0.010) and the N‐group (p = 0.000).

Conclusions

Temporary PM implantation via the median cubital vein is safe, effective, and less time‐consuming.
Team science: A syllabus for success on big projects
Authors: Peterson Delaney M. , Flynn Sarah M. , Lanfear Riley S. , Smith Chelsea , Swenson Logan J. , Belskis Alice M. , Cook Stephen C. , Wheeler Christopher T. , Wilhelm Jessica F. , Burgin Amy J.
Published: July 2023

Interdisciplinary teams are on the rise as scientists attempt to address complex environmental issues. While the benefits of team science approaches are clear, researchers often struggle with its implementation, particularly for new team members. The challenges of large projects often weigh on the most vulnerable members of a team: trainees, including undergraduate students, graduate students, and post‐doctoral researchers. Trainees on big projects have to navigate their role on the team, with learning project policies, procedures, and goals, all while also training in key scientific tasks such as co‐authoring papers. To address these challenges, we created and participated in a project‐specific, graduate‐level team science course. The purposes of this course were to: (1) introduce students to the goals of the project, (2) build trainees' understanding of how big projects operate, and (3) allow trainees to explore how their research interests dovetailed with the overall project. Additionally, trainees received training regarding: (1) diversity, equity & inclusion, (2) giving and receiving feedback, and (3) effective communication. Onboarding through the team science course cultivated psychological safety and a collaborative student community across disciplines and institutions. Thus, we recommend a team science course for onboarding students to big projects to help students establish the skills necessary for collaborative research. Project‐based team science classes can benefit student advancement, enhance the productivity of the project, and accelerate the discovery of solutions to ecological issues by building community, establishing a shared project vocabulary, and building a workforce with collaborative skills to better answer ecological research questions.
Phylogeography and molecular diversity of two highly abundant Themisto amphipod species in a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean
Authors: Murray Ayla , Præbel Kim , Desiderato Andrea , Auel Holger , Havermans Charlotte
Published: July 2023

Rapid warming in the Arctic is drastically impacting marine ecosystems, affecting species communities and food‐web structure. Pelagic Themisto amphipods are a major component of the Arctic zooplankton community and represent a key link between secondary producers and marine vertebrates at higher trophic levels. Two co‐existing species dominate in the region: the larger Themisto libellula, considered a true polar species and the smaller Themisto abyssorum, a sub‐Arctic, boreal‐Atlantic species. Recent changes in abundance and distribution ranges have been detected in both species, likely due to the Atlantification of the Arctic. The ecology and genetic structure of these species are understudied, despite their high biomass and importance in the food web. For both species, we assessed genetic diversity, patterns of spatial genetic structure and demographic history using samples from the Greenland shelf, Fram Strait and Svalbard. This was achieved by analysing variation on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (mtCOI). The results revealed contrasting levels of mtCOI diversity: low levels in T. libellula and high levels in T. abyssorum. A lack of spatial genetic structure and a high degree of genetic connectivity were detected in both species in the study region. These patterns of diversity are potentially linked to the impacts of the Last Glacial Maximum. T. libellula populations may have been isolated in glacial refugia, undergoing gene flow restriction and vicariant effects, followed by a population expansion after deglaciation. Whereas T. abyssorum likely maintained a stable, widely distributed metapopulation further south, explaining the high diversity and connectivity. This study provides new data on the phylogeography of two ecologically important species, which can contribute to predicting how zooplankton communities and food‐web structure will manifest in the rapidly changing Arctic.
Host infection and disease‐induced mortality modify species contributions to the environmental reservoir
Authors: Laggan Nichole A. , Parise Katy L. , White J. Paul , Kaarakka Heather M. , Redell Jennifer A. , DePue John E. , Scullon William H. , Kath Joseph , Foster Jeffrey T. , Kilpatrick A. Marm , Langwig Kate E. , Hoyt Joseph R.
Published: July 2023

Environmental pathogen reservoirs exist for many globally important diseases and can fuel epidemics, influence pathogen evolution, and increase the threat of host extinction. Species composition can be an important factor that shapes reservoir dynamics and ultimately determines the outcome of a disease outbreak. However, disease‐induced mortality can change species communities, indicating that species responsible for environmental reservoir maintenance may change over time. Here we examine the reservoir dynamics of Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal pathogen that causes white‐nose syndrome in bats. We quantified changes in pathogen shedding, infection prevalence and intensity, host abundance, and the subsequent propagule pressure imposed by each species over time. We find that highly shedding species are important during pathogen invasion, but contribute less over time to environmental contamination as they also suffer the greatest declines. Less infected species remain more abundant, resulting in equivalent or higher propagule pressure. More broadly, we demonstrate that high infection intensity and subsequent mortality during disease progression can reduce the contributions of high‐shedding species to long‐term pathogen maintenance.
A nationwide study of temporal trends of cause‐specific hospital readmissions in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kontogeorgos Silvana , Sandström Tatiana Zverkova , Rosengren Annika , Fu Michael
Published: July 2023

Aims

The impact of hospital readmissions on the outcomes of heart failure (HF) patients is well known. However, data on temporal trends of cause‐specific hospital readmissions in these patients are limited.

Methods and results

From 1987 to 2014, we identified and followed up for 1 year 608 135 patients ≥18 years hospitalized with HF according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 and 10 from the National Inpatient Register. Readmissions for cardiovascular (CVD) and non‐CVD causes and co‐morbidities were defined according to ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes. We analysed trends in the incidence rate of readmissions, the median time to the first rehospitalization, and the time to readmission, stratified by sex, age groups and cause of rehospitalization using linear regression. During our study, 1 year all‐cause mortality decreased (β = −4.93, P < 0.0001), but the incidence rate of readmissions per 1000 person‐years remained unchanged. The readmission rate for CVD causes decreased; in contrast, the readmission rate increased across all age and sex groups for non‐CVD causes. Analysing the patients by study periods (1987–1997, 1998–2007 and 2008–2014), CVD and non‐CVD co‐morbidities had a statistically significant increasing trend (P < 0.001). The median time in hospital decreased and the median time to the first readmission were almost unchanged.

Conclusions

Contrary to a declining mortality rate, the incidence rate of readmissions saw no change, possibly because of divergent trends in cause‐specific readmissions. An increasing rate of readmissions for non‐CVD causes underscores the importance of optimising multimorbidity management to reduce the risk of readmissions in patients with HF.