bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The children’s emotional speech recognition by adults: Cross-cultural study on Russian and Tamil language
Authors: Lyakso Elena , Ruban Nersisson , Frolova Olga , Mekala Mary A.
Published: February 2023

The current study investigated the features of cross-cultural recognition of four basic emotions “joy–neutral (calm state)–sad–anger” in the spontaneous and acting speech of Indian and Russian children aged 8–12 years across Russian and Tamil languages. The research tasks were to examine the ability of Russian and Indian experts to recognize the state of Russian and Indian children by their speech, determine the acoustic features of correctly recognized speech samples, and specify the influence of the expert’s language on the cross-cultural recognition of the emotional states of children. The study includes a perceptual auditory study by listeners and instrumental spectrographic analysis of child speech. Different accuracy and agreement between Russian and Indian experts were shown in recognizing the emotional states of Indian and Russian children by their speech, with more accurate recognition of the emotional state of children in their native language, in acting speech vs spontaneous speech. Both groups of experts recognize the state of anger via acting speech with the high agreement. The difference between the groups of experts was in the definition of joy, sadness, and neutral states depending on the test material with a different agreement. Speech signals with emphasized differences in acoustic patterns were more accurately classified by experts as belonging to emotions of different activation. The data showed that, despite the universality of basic emotions, on the one hand, the cultural environment affects their expression and perception, on the other hand, there are universal non-linguistic acoustic features of the voice that allow us to identify emotions via speech.
Bayesian model selection for multilevel models using integrated likelihoods
Authors: Edinburgh Tom , Ercole Ari , Eglen Stephen
Published: February 2023

Multilevel linear models allow flexible statistical modelling of complex data with different levels of stratification. Identifying the most appropriate model from the large set of possible candidates is a challenging problem. In the Bayesian setting, the standard approach is a comparison of models using the model evidence or the Bayes factor. Explicit expressions for these quantities are available for the simplest linear models with unrealistic priors, but in most cases, direct computation is impossible. In practice, Markov Chain Monte Carlo approaches are widely used, such as sequential Monte Carlo, but it is not always clear how well such techniques perform. We present a method for estimation of the log model evidence, by an intermediate marginalisation over non-variance parameters. This reduces the dimensionality of any Monte Carlo sampling algorithm, which in turn yields more consistent estimates. The aim of this paper is to show how this framework fits together and works in practice, particularly on data with hierarchical structure. We illustrate this method on simulated multilevel data and on a popular dataset containing levels of radon in homes in the US state of Minnesota.
Relationship between inspiratory muscle strength and balance in women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Azevedo Ingrid Guerra , da Câmara Saionara M. A. , Maciel Alvaro C. C. , Vieira Edgar R. , Espinoza Camila F. L. , Pichún Sebastián M. M. , Viana Elizabel de S. R. , Sousa Silvana L. de O.
Published: February 2023

Background

There is scarce evidence on changes at the functional level associated with the respiratory area in women. This study aims to analyse the relationship between inspiratory muscle strength and balance in women.

Material and methods

In this cross-sectional observational study, the sample consisted of groups according to the results obtained in the balance test. Inspiratory muscle weakness was defined as maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) ≤ 80% of the predictive value. MIP was carried out using through a mouthpiece, with an electronic manometer. Logistic regression model was used to examine if MIP predicts balance.

Results

159 women participated in the study. Approximately 20% of them achieved balance ≤ 2 seconds and 18% presented MIP≤80%. MIP was associated with the time achieved in the one-leg support test. Subjects with MIP ≤ 80% of the predictive value show 3 times more risk of having a lower performance in the balance test (OR = 3.26).

Conclusions

Inspiratory muscle weakness is associated with deficient balance in this sample. It shows the need for multidimensional assessment and rehabilitation strategies for patients identified as having MIP weakness and/or balance disorders.
New AI-algorithms on smartphones to detect skin cancer in a clinical setting—A validation study
Authors: Kränke Teresa , Tripolt-Droschl Katharina , Röd Lukas , Hofmann-Wellenhof Rainer , Koppitz Michael , Tripolt Michael
Published: February 2023

Background and objectives

The incidence of skin cancer is rising worldwide and there is medical need to optimize its early detection. This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic and risk-assessment accuracy of two new diagnosis-based neural networks (analyze and detect), which comply with the CE-criteria, in evaluating the malignant potential of various skin lesions on a smartphone. Of note, the intention of our study was to evaluate the performance of these medical products in a clinical setting for the first time.

Methods

This was a prospective, single-center clinical study at one tertiary referral center in Graz, Austria. Patients, who were either scheduled for preventive skin examination or removal of at least one skin lesion were eligible for participation. Patients were assessed by at least two dermatologists and by the integrated algorithms on different mobile phones. The lesions to be recorded were randomly selected by the dermatologists. The diagnosis of the algorithm was stated as correct if it matched the diagnosis of the two dermatologists or the histology (if available). The histology was the reference standard, however, if both clinicians considered a lesion as being benign no histology was performed and the dermatologists were stated as reference standard.

Results

A total of 238 patients with 1171 lesions (86 female; 36.13%) with an average age of 66.19 (SD = 17.05) was included. Sensitivity and specificity of the detect algorithm were 96.4% (CI 93.94–98.85) and 94.85% (CI 92.46–97.23); for the analyze algorithm a sensitivity of 95.35% (CI 93.45–97.25) and a specificity of 90.32% (CI 88.1–92.54) were achieved.

Discussion

The studied neural networks succeeded analyzing the risk of skin lesions with a high diagnostic accuracy showing that they are sufficient tools in calculating the probability of a skin lesion being malignant. In conjunction with the wide spread use of smartphones this new AI approach opens the opportunity for a higher early detection rate of skin cancer with consecutive lower epidemiological burden of metastatic cancer and reducing health care costs. This neural network moreover facilitates the empowerment of patients, especially in regions with a low density of medical doctors.

Registration

Approved and registered at the ethics committee of the Medical University of Graz, Austria (Approval number: 30–199 ex 17/18).
Ramadan during pregnancy and neonatal health—Fasting, dietary composition and sleep patterns
Authors: Pradella Fabienne , Leimer Birgit , Fruth Anja , Queißer-Wahrendorf Annette , van Ewijk Reyn Joris
Published: February 2023

Background and objectives

Large shares of pregnant Muslims worldwide observe the Ramadan fast. Previous research showed that Ramadan during pregnancy is associated with adverse offspring health outcomes lasting throughout the life-course. Evidence on effects on birth outcomes is inconclusive, however, and previous research did not consider the role of dietary composition and sleep patterns during Ramadan. This study systematically documents maternal lifestyle during Ramadan and assesses if diet and sleep adaptations to Ramadan, independent of and in addition to maternal fasting, are associated with neonatal health outcomes.

Methods

This study reports a survey of 326 Muslims who delivered their baby in Mainz, Germany, linked to maternal & infant hospital records. Participants reported on fasting, dietary composition and sleep schedules while pregnant during Ramadan.

Results

Fasting during pregnancy was associated with reduced birthweight, in particular for fasting during the first trimester (-352ˑ92g, 95% CI: -537ˑ38; -168ˑ46). Neither dietary composition nor altered sleep were directly associated with birthweight. However, dietary composition during Ramadan outside of fasting hours seems to moderate the fasting-birthweight association, which disappeared for women switching to high-fat diets.

Conclusions

The finding that dietary intake during Ramadan potentially moderates the fasting-birthweight association is of high relevance to pregnant Muslims who wish to fast and their healthcare professionals, since dietary choices outside of fasting hours are often relatively easily modifiable. This is the first study to include information on maternal diet and sleep during Ramadan, and additional research is needed to assess the roles of specific (macro)nutrients and food groups.
Expected climate change consequences and their role in explaining individual risk judgments
Authors: Gregersen Thea , Doran Rouven , Böhm Gisela , Pfister Hans-Rüdiger
Published: February 2023

This study examines what individuals expect will be the most important impacts of climate change on their respective countries, and how these expectations relate to individual risk judgments. Open-ended responses from representative samples in four European countries (each n > 1000), were sorted into six categories: expectations of climate change leading to changes in attitudes and goals, human activities, emissions and pollution, environmental changes, impacts on humans, or few or no impacts. The results showed that the most frequently mentioned climate change impacts were related to environmental changes. Although most results were consistent across the UK, Norway, Germany, and France, some differences were identified. For example, respondents in the UK and Norway more frequently mentioned changes in human actions and activities among the most important climate change impacts. We also found differences between demographic groups; men, those in the oldest age groups, and those placing themselves further right on the political spectrum were more likely to expect few or no consequences of climate change on their country. Additional analyses examined relationships between the six impact categories and two different measures of individual risk judgments. Those expecting climate change to lead to changes in attitudes and goals, environmental changes, or impacts on humans reported higher levels of worry about climate change and expected more negative effects on their country. Climate change worry, but not the evaluation of how positive or negative effects will be on one’s country, was further related to the number of consequences mentioned in response to the open-ended question and the specificity conveyed.
Phytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, alone or in combination, on Arabidopsis thaliana and their mutual effects on oxidative homeostasis
Authors: Yang Shaohui , Yin Rong , Wang Chen , Yang Yongkui , Wang Jiehua
Published: February 2023

The extensive use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has raised concerns about their potentially harmful effects on the ecosystem. Despite previous reports of a variety of individual ENPs, the mutual effects of ENPs when used in combination were not well understood. In this study, we first investigated the effects of different sizes and concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the growth performance of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Then, two concentrations of ZnO NP (40 and 50 mg/L) with a diameter of 90 nm and MWCNTs (100 and 500 mg/L) with an outer diameter of 40–60 nm were used to evaluate their respective or simultaneous phytotoxicity to Arabidopsis. The results showed that seedlings exposed to either ZnO NPs or MWCNTs exhibited significant phytotoxic symptoms. ZnO NPs caused stronger inhibitory effects than MWCNTs on several plant growth indices, including reduced root length, chlorophyll content, and increased ROS concentration. When applied together, the concurrent effects of ZnO NPs and MWCNTs on Arabidopsis seedlings appeared to be more negative, as evidenced not only by the further deterioration of several growth indices but also by their synergistic or additive regulation of the activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that in the presence of ZnO NPs and MWCNTs, the expression of genes important for maintaining cellular ROS homeostasis was differentially regulated in shoots and roots of Arabidopsis seedlings. Overall, our data may provide new insights into how plants respond to more than one type of nanomaterial and help us better understand the associated environmental risks.
Development of a cost-effective, morphology-preserving method for DNA isolation from bulk invertebrate trap catches: Tephritid fruit flies as an exemplar
Authors: Fowler Elizabeth V. , Starkie Melissa L. , Zhu Xiaocheng , Piper Alexander M. , Agarwal Arati , Rako Lea , Gardiner Alexandra , Oczkowicz Sybilla , Gopurenko David , Schutze Mark K. , Blacket Mark J.
Published: February 2023

Insect identification and preservation of voucher specimens is integral to pest diagnostic and surveillance activities; yet bulk-trapped insects are a diagnostic challenge due to high catch numbers and the susceptibility of samples to environmental damage. Many insect trap catches rely on examination of morphological characters for species identifications, which is a time consuming and highly skilled task, hence there is a need for more efficient molecular approaches. Many bulk DNA extraction methods require destructive sampling of specimens, resulting in damaged, or fully destroyed, voucher specimens. We developed an inexpensive, rapid, bulk DNA isolation method that preserves specimens as pinned vouchers to a standard that allows for post-extraction morphological examination and inclusion in insect reference collections. Our protocol was validated using a group of insects that are time-consuming to identify when trapped in large numbers–the dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). In developing our method, we evaluated existing protocols against the following criteria: effect on morphology; suitability for large trap catches; cost; ease of handling; and application to downstream molecular diagnostic analyses such as real-time PCR and metabarcoding. We found that the optimum method for rapid isolation of DNA extraction was immersing flies in a NaOH:TE buffer at 75°C for 10 minutes, without the need for proteinase K or detergents. This HotSOAK method produced sufficient high-quality DNA whilst preserving morphological characters suitable for species-level identification with up to 20,000 flies in a sample. The lysates performed well in down-stream analyses such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time PCR applications, while for metabarcoding PCR the lysate required an additional column purification step. Development of this method is a key step required for upscaling our capacity to accurately detect insects captured in bulk traps, whether for biodiversity, biosecurity, or pest management objectives.
Cross sectional study on the competence and confidence of dental students and graduates in the management of medically compromised patients and acute medical emergencies
Authors: Sng Timothy Jie Han , Yong Chee Weng , Wong Raymond Chung Wen
Published: February 2023

A rapidly aging population means many people have multiple health issues leading to an increased risk of acute medical emergencies. The objective of this study was to evaluate how essential experiential learning is in developing dental graduates’ ability to manage medically compromised patients. Three hundred and twenty-seven students and graduates were invited to participate in an online survey to rate their confidence in managing medically compromised patients and acute medical emergencies using a 5-point Likert scale. Competence of knowledge was evaluated using 30 multiple choice questions (MCQs) across six domains. The respondents were also asked whether a theory-only training adequately prepared them to manage medically compromised patients, or whether it must be supplemented with clinical training. Two-hundred and sixty-four responses were collected from 75 undergraduates (UG), 96 junior dental officers (JDO) and 93 senior dental officers (SDO). The UG reported that they infrequently managed medically compromised patients, whereas both the JDO and SDO reported having frequent encounters with these patients. The mean confidence scale in the management of medically compromised patients were 2.62, 3.50 and 3.69 (out of 5), respectively. In contrast, their confidence scale in the management of acute medical emergencies was 2.05, 2.33 and 2.50 (out of 5), respectively. The MCQ scores were 25.51, 26.44 and 26.86 out of 30, respectively. The outcomes of the JDO and SDO were significantly better than the UG (t-tests, p<0.05). All three groups responded that a theory-only training in dental school did not adequately prepare them to manage medically compromised patients. Both the JDO and SDO felt that their clinical work experience better prepared them to manage these patients. Experiential learning from “real-life” clinical experience is an essential component in developing graduates’ confidence and competence in the management of medically compromised patients. A dental curriculum with theory-only training in this aspect is inadequate.
Consulting to nephrologist when starting continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury is associated with a survival benefit
Authors: Lee Jinwoo , Kim Seong Geun , Yun Donghwan , Kang Min Woo , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Han Seung Seok
Published: February 2023

Background

Several studies suggest improved outcomes for patients with kidney disease who consult a nephrologist. However, it remains undetermined whether a consultation with a nephrologist is related to a survival benefit after starting continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) due to acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods

Data from 2,397 patients who started CRRT due to severe AKI at Seoul National University Hospital, Korea between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they underwent a nephrology consultation regarding the initiation and maintenance of CRRT. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality during admission to the intensive care unit after adjusting for multiple variables.

Results

A total of 2,153 patients (89.8%) were referred to nephrologists when starting CRRT. The patients who underwent a nephrology consultation had a lower mortality rate than those who did not have a consultation (HR = 0.47 [0.40–0.56]; P < 0.001). Subsequently, patients who had nephrology consultations were divided into two groups (i.e., early and late) according to the timing of the consultation. Both patients with early and late consultation had lower mortality rates than patients without consultations, with HRs of 0.45 (0.37–0.54) and 0.51 (0.42–0.61), respectively.

Conclusions

Consultation with a nephrologist may contribute to a survival benefit after starting CRRT for AKI.
Therapeutic approaches for anti-sperm-antibodies in the testicular sperm aspiration rat model
Authors: Zaki Abdel-Kader A. , Aldahmashi Fahad S. , Madboli Abd El-Nasser A. , Attia Kamal A. , Almulhim Fahad S. , Albarrak Saleh M.
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim: Anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs) treatment continued to be neglected. This study aimed to generate ASAs using the testicular sperm aspiration (TSA) rat model, which allowed for investigation of four distinct therapeutic approaches to find potential treatments for ASAs.

Materials and Methods: Adult Wistar albino male rats were divided into six equal groups (n = 12). The negative control group underwent scrotal sac surgery without having their testicles punctured. Punctures were made in the remaining 5 groups, with one group left untreated to serve as the positive control group. The remaining 4 groups were treated with either dexamethasone (DEX), azathioprine (AZA), frankincense, or anti-ASAs secondary antibodies. For 10 weeks, serum samples were collected every 2 weeks for specific quantification of ASAs. Testis and epididymis tissues were collected for histopathological analysis.

Results: The ASAs concentrations of the positive controls were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) than their negative control counterparts during the examined weeks. However, The ASAs indices (%) differed according to the treatment type. While the ASAs indices at the 2nd and 4th weeks in the AZA-treated group were significantly reduced compared to the positive control group (p ≤ 0.001), no significant differences were observed at any of the sample collection week for the DEX-treated rats. The ASAs indices were significantly decreased only at weeks 6 and 8 of treatment in the frankincense-treated group (p ≤ 0.001). In the secondary antibodies-treated group, the antibody indices were significantly decreased in all weeks except for samples collected at week 4 (p ≤ 0.001). The testosterone levels reverted to normal only in TSA rats treated with either Frankincense or secondary antibodies, as they were significantly higher than the positive controls (p ≤ 0.05). Tissue samples from the secondary antibody-treated rats showed a generally normal histological appearance.

Conclusion: This study tried to offer realistic therapy suggestions; however, caution should be applied when extrapolating findings from experimental models to meet clinical requirements.
PsychoEducation Tensor as a Model of Cognitive Physics
Authors: Sheppard Joseph Zalman
Published: February 2023

The PsychoEducation Tensor (PET)® is a 4x4 diamond-shaped skew-hermitian tensor transformational matrix describing 16 elementary brain processes. The PET divides into a 7-element metacognitive component called EM-Path, represented by colours and letters, and a 9-element cognitive component called EM-Core, represented by numbers. The PET® describes a set of Vygotskian-like elementary mental processes that constitute an integrated model of cognitive architecture. The elements are organized according to the scientific literature on mind wandering and spontaneous cognitions. The PET® was designed as a psychoeducational tool to help reduce psychological distress and mental perplexity. The PET® further integrates with dual complementary classical and quantum models of physics. Moreover, the PET® interfaces with dual physical stimuli environments and socially constructed propositional narratives. The PET® may also serve as a Minimalist program for cognitive architecture. EM-Theory claims that dual conceptual and knowledge consciousnesses are chiral and complementary (Lahav & Neemeh).
Reflections of experts by experience and research team members on research and development about a sensitive issue that attracts stigma
Authors: Howlett Helen , Catterick Maria , Charlotte  , Karen  , Cheyenne  , Onukwugha Franklin , Roberts Helen , Dyson Judith , Smith Lesley
Published: February 2023

To reduce the number of alcohol-exposed pregnancies in antenatal care in the UK, the CHAMPION study objective was to design appropriate training and resources to develop the midwifery skills and confidence required to have an effective conversation about alcohol with pregnant women. Women with lived experience of drinking during pregnancy and ‘birth mums’ of a child with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) were central to the co-creation process of the CHAMPION study. Some remarkable unintended positive outcomes resulted from this collaboration process for the women involved. They include increased confidence levels from newfound friendships with other mothers of children with FASD, and an acceptance that societal influences had a significant role to play in their personal situations. Reflecting on this authentic co-creation process has elicited important learning outcomes to inform future research design. The significance of excellent communication channels, robust support networks and genuinely valuing and respecting experts by experience as equal partners should not be underestimated.
Enhancement of Desulfurization Process for Light Gas Oil Using New Zinc Oxide Loaded Over Alumina Nanocatalyst
Authors: Aabid Ahmad Abdulsalam , Humadi Jasim Ibrahim , Ahmed Ghazwan Saleh , Jarullah Aysar Talib , Ahmed Mustafa Abdulbari , Abdullah Waqas Saadi
Published: February 2023

This work reports the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) via an oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process over Zn/Al2O3 catalyst utilizing H2O2 as an oxidizing agent. The influence of operating parameters, such as reaction temperature, time was investigated. Results clarified that recognizably high DBT elimination of 93.781% has been achieved within 80 min using 0.1 g (9% Zn/Al2O3) catalyst at 90 °C reaction temperature. It was observed that an overall ODS catalytic efficiency order of: 9% ZnO/γ-Al2O3> 6% ZnO/γ-Al2O3> 3% ZnO/γ-Al2O3. Discernment of the surface morphology and textural properties of prepared nano-catalysts were characterized utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and BET surface area analysis, which assisted in evaluating the performance of the prepared nano-catalysts. Owing to its highly effective nature, operation at moderate conditions and cost-effectiveness, this work can be conceived as an efficient methodology for the ODS operation of fuel oils on an industrial scale.
Fake News and Content Manipulation Under Russian Information Aggression
Authors: Kornieiev Vitalii , Ryabichev Vyacheslav , Glushkova Tetiana
Published: February 2023

The article explores the information aggression of Russian mass media in the hybrid war against Ukraine by analyzing cases when Russian media spread distorted or fake information in their coverage of the annexation of Crimea, the military conflict in Donbas, and political events inside and outside Ukraine. The research employs content and comparative analyses to study the structure of fake news as well as methods to use and disseminate the news among readers. In particular, attention is paid to manipulation technologies in social media. The article examines the concept of hybrid war that Russia managed to actualize during its occupation of Crimea and a part of Eastern Ukraine, its methods to expand into external information space during the Ukrainian presidential election and its increasing tension in relations with the United States and Iran. The results of the research consist of the analysis of techniques used in Russian mass media texts to spread fake news and influence audiences; the article also puts forward a classification of fake news as well as offers recommendations on ways to counteract disinformation in crisis communication. It is also argued that Russia is waging the war not only in the content environment of Ukraine but also that of many other countries. It is urgent that various forms and methods of Russian influence on the public opinion, its attempts to shape pro-Russian views in the democratic Western world, imposition of one-sided interpretation of international treaties should be resisted by teaching media literacy to audiences as well as by granting them with transparency and unimpeded access to original information sources.
Peculiarities, Models and Problems of Interaction of International Non-Governmental Organisations With Other International Actors in Ensuring Peace and Security
Authors: Kruchinina Oksana , Dorosh Lesia , Ilnytska Uliana
Published: February 2023

The efficiency and effectiveness of the international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) in ensuring peace and security as relevant and growing only in dynamic interaction and cooperation with other international actors (international governmental organisations, non-governmental actors, and civil society institutions) have been justified. The features, models and problems of interaction of INGOs with other international actors in maintaining peace, stability and security, solving and preventing modern security challenges of the international system have been comprehensively studied. Such interaction and coordination of the efforts of INGOs and other international actors is viewed through the prism of expanding the areas of competence of non-governmental international organisations and increasing their activity in various areas. Some examples of an active involvement of non-governmental organisations in the activities of the UN (and its structures), NATO, OSCE, CoE, EU are given. Challenges of the interaction of governmental and non-governmental sectors in the international arena are analysed. International non-governmental actors, being independent (mostly) of their governments and officials of other international structures, are emphasised to have the opportunity to respond to strategic security challenges quickly and effectively, update public opinion, and mobilise the international community to address security issues at the regional and global levels.
An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of methotrexate in human serum and plasma
Authors: Engel Anett , Ruhe Lena , Singh Neeraj , Wright Jo Anne , Liesch Franziska , Bauland Friederike , Ostermann Annika I. , Sumalowitsch Tamara , Schweinsberg Vincent J. T. , Geistanger Andrea , Hegel Johannes Kolja , Geletneky Christian , Taibon Judith
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To develop an isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-(ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for quantification of methotrexate in human serum and plasma.

Methods

Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) was used to determine absolute methotrexate content in the standard. Separation was achieved on a biphenyl reversed-phase analytical column with mobile phases based on water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid. Sample preparation included protein precipitation in combination with high sample dilution, and method validation according to current guidelines. The following were assessed: selectivity (using analyte-spiked samples, and relevant structural-related compounds and interferences); specificity and matrix effects (via post-column infusion and comparison of human matrix vs. neat samples); precision and accuracy (in a five-day validation analysis). RMP results were compared between two independent laboratories. Measurement uncertainty was evaluated according to current guidelines.

Results

The RMP separated methotrexate from potentially interfering compounds and enabled measurement over a calibration range of 7.200–5,700 ng/mL (0.01584–12.54 μmol/L), with no evidence of matrix effects. All pre-defined acceptance criteria were met; intermediate precision was ≤4.3% and repeatability 1.5–2.1% for all analyte concentrations. Bias was −3.0 to 2.1% for samples within the measuring range and 0.8–4.5% for diluted samples, independent of the sample matrix. RMP results equivalence was demonstrated between two independent laboratories (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.997). Expanded measurement uncertainty of target value-assigned samples was ≤3.4%.

Conclusions

This ID-LC-MS/MS-based approach provides a candidate RMP for methotrexate quantification. Traceability of methotrexate standard and the LC-MS/MS platform were assured by qNMR assessment and extensive method validation.
Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Shipeng , Chen Ye , Liu Xianghui , Zhao Congjing , Ya Huiyuan
Published: February 2023

The rhizomes of Pinellia ternata have a long history of being used as a traditional Chinese herb. To determine the chemical constituents of Pinelliae rhizome, Xi banxia and Jing banxia were collected from two different producing regions and subjected to analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 573 metabolites were identified in 12 different categories. Next, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed, which revealed a distinct separation between the two species. The analysis of the differential metabolites revealed that among the 155 metabolites in Xi banxia, 68 metabolites were upregulated, and 87 metabolites were downregulated. The relative concentration of flavonoids in Xi banxia was higher than that in Jing banxia, while the relative concentrations of alkaloids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids were higher in Jing banxia. These results would provide a theoretical basis for the pharmacological activity analysis and functional study of P. ternata.
Television from the periphery – Slow television and national identity in Norway
Authors: Puijk Roel
Published: February 2023

Since 2009, the Norwegian public service broadcaster NRK has produced a number of slow TV shows. Some of the programmes have had a surprisingly big success in terms of public engagement and audience share even though the majority of the audience was from the oldest age groups. These programmes are not only slow, lasting a long time and lacking dramatic development and progress, they also engage in a particular, traditional version of national identity. The current article argues that, through slow TV, the Norwegian public service broadcaster has found a new way to reflect a particular version of Norwegian identity and to tap into the central values of Norwegian culture. Taken together, the shows cover all regions of the country—the coastal areas as well the inlands and mountains. In terms of representation, the programmes highlight nature and traditional Norwegian values such as closeness to nature, rural life, and “friluftsliv” (living the outdoor life). Urban areas and the non-white population are conspicuously absent.
Effect of cold-rolling deformation and rare earth yttrium on microstructure and texture of oriented silicon steel
Authors: Guo Zhihong , Liu Pengjun , Zheng Yaxu , Zhu Liguang , Zhang Yuanxiang , Sun Huilan , Li Xiangyang , Liu Yu , Cao Ruifang
Published: February 2023

In order to study the effect of cold-rolling deformation and rare earth Y on the microstructure and texture of 3.0% Si-oriented silicon steel, the microstructure and texture of cold-rolled oriented silicon steel with 60, 72, and 86% deformation are analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction and image analysis software. The experimental results show that the deformation band becomes narrower and the distribution of shear bands becomes denser with increasing cold-rolling deformation. Compared to the Y-free steel, cold-rolled sheet containing rare earth Y has greater shear bands. The pinning effect of rare earth Y hinders the dislocation movement, which leads to the increase of kernel average misorientation value and shear bands. With the increase of cold-rolling deformation, the texture concentrates on α and λ. This is mainly due to the change from {100} 〈001〉 to {001} 〈110〉, intensifying λ texture, and the change from {111} 〈112〉 to {111} 〈110〉, thus strengthening the α texture. The texture strength of cold-rolled sheets can be decreased by rare earth Y. But the γ texture strength in cold-rolled sheets containing Y is significantly higher than in those without Y. The γ texture strength can reach up to 7.3, and the strong points are mainly {111} 〈112〉. This is because the number of inclusions in steel increases with the addition of rare earth Y. In the process of grain nucleation, the {111} oriented grains nucleate heterogeneously on the inclusions. It forms a large number of {111} oriented grains and improves the γ texture strength.
Plactic key agreement (insecure?)
Authors: Brown Daniel R. L.
Published: February 2023

Plactic key agreement is a new type of cryptographic key agreement that uses Knuth’s multiplication of semistandard tableaux from combinatorial algebra. The security of plactic key agreement relies on the difficulty of some computational problems, particularly the division of semistandard tableaux. Tableau division can be used to find the private key from its public key or to find the shared secret from the two exchanged public keys. Monico found a fast division algorithm, which could be a polynomial time in the length of the tableaux. Monico’s algorithm solved a challenge that had been previously estimated to cost 2128 steps to break, which is an infeasibly large number for any foreseeable computing power on earth. Monico’s algorithm solves this challenge in only a few minutes. Therefore, Monico’s attack likely makes the plactic key agreement insecure. If it were not for Monico’s attack, plactic key agreement with 1,000-byte public keys might perhaps have provided 128-bit security, with a runtime of a millisecond. But Monico’s attack breaks these public keys’ sizes in minutes.
Survey on quantum noise stream cipher implemented optical communication systems
Authors: Mariamichael Joseph , Raj Albert , Selvaraj Ravi
Published: February 2023

This survey presents on the implementations of Quantum Noise Stream Cipher or Quantum Steam Cipher with various modulation formats – like QAM, PSK. FSK, etc., in optical fiber communication systems – along with other pertinent implementation details. Quantum Stream Cipher can be provably secure in information theoretical terms, and it achieves improved security due its inherent (noisy) randomness. This paper presents also a brief review on its claimed improved security, along with the open issues.
Enhancing the security of free space optical communication system by employing chaos-based modulation scheme
Authors: Narang Ghanishtha , Aggarwal Mona , Kaushal Hemani , Ahuja Swaran
Published: February 2023

Security and privacy are two main dominant features of any communication system. In this paper, physical layer security of free space optical communication system using chaotic modulation scheme i.e., differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) is analyzed, where eavesdropper is actively present near the receiver and interfering between the transmission of secret messages from a transmitter to the receiver. In this manuscript, we have derived analytical expressions for the average secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability which is used as a metric for secrecy performance analysis. The channel characterization is carried out using gamma–gamma model for weak-to-strong turbulence conditions. The effect of physical layer parameters like transmission link length, spreading length, etc. are considered for evaluating the security performance of the system. Numerical analysis is carried out and graphical results are presented. The results depicted that a very good average secrecy capacity can be achieved even in the presence of eavesdropper, however, it requires a tradeoff between high signal-to-noise ratio of main channel and large values of spreading factor. The proposed system is very promising for the future secured communication systems.
Quotation marks and the processing of irony in English: evidence from a reading time study
Authors: Schlechtweg Marcel , Härtl Holden
Published: February 2023

Quotation marks are used for different purposes in language, one of which is to signal that something has to be interpreted in an ironic way, as in the utterance What a “nice” day! said on a rainy and cold day. The present contribution describes a reading time experiment in which we analyzed the processing and understanding of ironic written sentences with or without quotation marks and asked whether and how these marks affect the subjects’ reading of the sentences. Native speakers of English were exposed to two contexts and a subsequent target sentence. Semantically, context and target sentences were connected either ironically or literally or were entirely unrelated. Each of these three meaning conditions contained quotation marks or not. Within the target sentences, which were identical across the different conditions, we measured the reading time before the respective meaning (ironic, literal, unrelated) was revealed, at the phrase that made the scenario ironic, literal, or unrelated, and at the end of the sentence. Furthermore, having read the target sentence, subjects rated how well this sentence fit the preceding context, and the time they needed for their judgment was recorded as well. Results clearly show that quotation marks increase the processing burden first, independently of the meaning specification in a sentence, but then play a crucial and beneficial role in the processing and recognition of irony. We reflect upon these findings against the background of semantic and pragmatic theories of quotation.
Unbounded rational systems with nonconstant coefficients
Authors: Kudlak Zachary , Vernon R. Patrick
Published: February 2023

We show the existence of unbounded solutions to difference equations of the form

{

x

n
+
1

=

c
′

n

x

n

B

n

y

n

,

y

n
+
1

=

b

n

x

n

+

c

n

y

n

A

n

+

C

n

y

n

 
 
 
 
 
f
o
r

 
 
 
n
=
0
,
1
,
…
,

\left\{ {\matrix{{{x_{n + 1}} = {{{{c'}_n}{x_n}} \over {{B_n}{y_n}}},} \hfill \cr {{y_{n + 1}} = {{{b_n}{x_n} + {c_n}{y_n}} \over {{A_n} + {C_n}{y_n}}}} \hfill \cr } \,\,\,\,\,for} \right.\,\,\,n = 0,1, \ldots ,

where

{

c
′

n

}

n
=
0

∞

\left\{ {{{c'}_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty

,

{

B
′

n

}

n
=
0

∞

\left\{ {{{B'}_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty

,

{

b

n

}

n
=
0

∞

\left\{ {{b_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty

,

{

c

n

}

n
=
0

∞

\left\{ {{c_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty

, and

{

A

n

}

n
=
0

∞

\left\{ {{A_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty

are all bounded above and below by positive constants, and

{

C

n

}

n
=
0

∞

\left\{ {{C_n}} \right\}_{n = 0}^\infty

is either bounded above and below by positive constants or is identically zero. In the latter case, we give an example which can be reduced to a system of the form

{

x

n
+
1

=

x

n

y

n

,

y

n
+
1

=

x

n

+

γ

n

y

n

 
 
 
 
 
f
o
r

 
 
 
n
=
0
,
1
,
…
,

\left\{ {\matrix{ {{x_{n + 1}} = {{{x_n}} \over {{y_n}}},} \hfill \cr {{y_{n + 1}} = {x_n} + {\gamma _n}{y_n}} \hfill \cr } \,\,\,\,\,for} \right.\,\,\,n = 0,1, \ldots ,

where 0 < γ′ < γ
n
< γ < 1 for some constants γ and γ′ for all n. This provides a counterexample to the main result of the 2021 paper by Camouzis and Kotsios.
SNP based analysis depicts phenotypic variability in heme oxygenase-1 protein
Authors: Singh Pratichi , Ahmed Syed Habeeb , Ahmad Irfan , Alam Mohammad Mahtab
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) gene is a very critical player in cell homeostasis and takes part in heme catabolism. The HMOX1 gene possesses antioxidant, antiapoptotic anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic properties. This study aimed to identify the deleterious SNPs which may alter the functional and structural attributes of the HMOX1 protein.

Methods

Deleterious SNPs were predicted using Polyphen-1, SIFT Blink, Polyphen-2, I-MUTANT 2.0, PROVEAN, PANTHER, MAPP, SNAP, and PhD-SNP. The 3D structure of the native protein was modelled using ITASSER and validated using PROCHECK. Mutant structures were created through SWISS PDB Viewer. All structures were energy-minimized using GROMACS. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was done using STRING.

Results

Three deleterious SNPs (rs146227657, rs373577583, and rs138349040 corresponding to A88D, A131V, and A206E respectively) in the HMOX1 gene were predicted. The structural analysis revealed notable differences in the structural attributes of wild-type and mutant structures. Furthermore, a PPI network was generated for the HMOX1 gene which predicts its interaction with other crucial cellular signaling molecules.

Conclusions

Three reported SNPs (A88D, A131V, and A206E) were identified as highly deleterious in the HMOX1 coding region that can alter the protein secondary structure, protein stability, and its conservation. This paves a new way to study the phenotype of the HMOX1 gene and its correlating diseases.
Arroz del estado de Morelos en México, acciones de posicionamiento en el mercado
Authors: Ireta Paredes Arely del Rocio
Published: February 2023

El arroz en México es un alimento básico, su cultivo predomina en Nayarit, Campeche y Michoacán. El grano grueso y largo que se cultiva en Morelos cuenta con denominación de origen (DO) como Arroz del Estado de Morelos; sin embargo, cada vez hay menor superficie agrícola estatal cultivada del cereal. El objetivo fue analizar las acciones que han realizado los productores, beneficiadores y comercializadores del Arroz del Estado de Morelos para posicionar en el mercado al cereal y plantear propuestas de mejora. La investigación se realizó en Jojutla, Morelos, obteniendo información a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, de investigación documental y de la estimación de la rentabilidad. Las acciones han involucrado las artes como danza, literatura, música y fotografía, que complementan la identidad territorial del cereal. Es necesaria la sinergia en los tres niveles de gobierno para fortalecer la denominación de origen y posicionar el cereal en el mercado destacando la característica de producto agrícola estacional.
Concepções de mulheres sobre menopausa e climatério
Authors: Valença Cecília Nogueira , Germano Raimunda Medeiros
Published: February 2023

Estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, tem por objetivos identificar informações de mulheres no climatério, seus sinais e sintomas e medidas de autocuidado realizadas. Participaram 50 mulheres, de 45 a 59 anos, de um centro de saúde reprodutiva em Natal/RN que responderam a uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo nos dados coletados. Como resultados, 84% já ouviram falar o que é o climatério e 94% sobre menopausa, mas confundiam climatério com menopausa, terceira idade e doença. O climatério revelou-se como ansiedade, artralgias/mialgias e fogachos. Consideraram medidas importantes para a qualidade de vida: atividade física, alimentação saudável e evitar o tabagismo. É essencial que as mulheres tenham acesso à informação em saúde para compreender as mudanças do climatério/menopausa, prevenindo/amenizando a síndrome climatérica e exercendo o autocuidado.
Perfil da disfagia após um acidente vascular cerebral: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Paixão Carina Teixeira , Silva Lolita Dopico da , Camerini Flavia Girson
Published: February 2023

Este artigo trata da disfagia decorrente de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). O objetivo foi identificar o perfil das publicações sobre disfagia em pacientes vítimas de AVC. Pesquisa de revisão integrativa que usou os mesmos descritores nas bases Medline, Lilacs e Scielo, selecionando 17 artigos entre 1998 e 2008. Os dados foram analisados a partir das categorias correspondentes aos enfoques das publicações encontradas. Os resultados mostram dezessete artigos agrupados em duas categorias a que abordou a incidência e características da disfagia(9) e a que discutiu as complicações da disfagia(8). As publicações da primeira categoria mostram incidência de disfagia entre 30% e 91% e indicam que tamanho e localização da lesão são determinantes na gravidade da disfagia. A segunda categoria apresenta a pneumonia e desnutrição como consequencias da disfagia. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro deve nortear os cuidados direcionados a limitar o efeito da disfagia pós AVC e suas complicações para o paciente.