bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of phenotypic combinations Hb/K with qualitative features of lamb pelts in the Botosani Karakul sheep
Authors: Hrincă G.H. , Vicovan G.
Published: December 2011

The specific production of the sheep belonging to the Botosani Karakul breed
is the one of lamb pelts, characterized by various qualitative features
(shape and size of hair curls, quality, lustre and colour of hair fibres),
conferring nobility to this breed and which distinguish it from other sheep
breeds. The present study tries an associative analysis of these traits of
lamb pelts with different combinations between haemoglobin phenotypes and
potassium phenotypes. The most valuable features, concerning shape and size
of hair curls, as well as the quality and lustre of hair fibres are
associated with combination of phenotypes Hband HK, and the weakest
association of these features occur with the phenotypic combination HbBB/LK.
The greyish, brown, grey, pink and white colours of the hair fibres are more
associated with phenotypic combination HBB/LK, and the lowest frequencies of
these colours are found in phenotype Hbassociated with phenotype HK, but
this last phenotypic combination is associated to the highest degree with the
black colour. The differences among the empirical distributions of
qualitative features of the lamb pelts in relation to all phenotypic
combinations of the haemoglobin and potassium systems are very significant,
fact that recommends the use of these two biochemical genetic systems for the
improvement of the Botosani Karakul breed for the lamb pelt production.
The consequences of using mixture with buffers effects on some biochemical parameters in blood serum during the fattening of the lambs
Authors: Jasovic B. , Stojkovic J. , Milosevic B. , Milenkovic M. , Spasic Z. , Djokovic R.
Published: December 2011

This work has an aim to explore the effects of the product based on the
natural zeolit during the fattening of the lambs and also the effects on
contents of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in blood serum. The experiment
lasted 15 days in the closed area of the Agricultural school in Kraljevo, and
the lambs were divided into three groups of 15 lambs (Control group -C,
Experimental group E1 and E2). They were fed with sheep?s milk, concentrate
for lambs? fattening and meadow hay. The lambs in the experimental groups, in
contrast to Control group, were fed with the different concentration of the
preparation based on the natural zeolit (O1=1%, O2=1.5%), so that the
manifested differences would be treated as the resault of the different
concentration of the zeolit that was added to the lambs? food.At the end of
the experiment the differences in the parameters of the lambs? blood serum
were distinguished and especially in the concentration of calcium, phosphorus
and magnesium.
The influence of number of lactation on milk yield parameters in German fawn goats
Authors: Krajinovic M. , Pihler I. , Simin V. , Jocic A. , Nicin S. , Zujovic M.
Published: December 2011

Goat breeding is one of the least developed agricultural sectors in Serbia.
This is reflected in the fact that the total number of goats in Serbia is
less than 200,000, as well as the fact that no goat milk production has been
recorded by the statistics. Over the last decade, there has been great
interest of breeders for intensive breeding of highly productive goats, which
resulted in imports of breeding goats. In the same period, several herds of
the Alpine breed and German fawn goats were formed, while their production
results in the growing conditions in our country have not been fully studied
yet. During the first three lactations in the period 2003-2009, the following
parameters of milk yield were studied: length of lactation, milk yield in one
lactation, percentage and the milk fat yield, and percentage and the total
protein yield. The average lactation period was 247 days for the first, 260.6
days for the second and 266.8 days for the third lactation. The average of
milk yielded was constantly increasing from the first (594.51 kg) towards the
third lactation (761.96 kg), showing statistically highly significant
differences (P<0,001). What was also observed is that the order of lactation
has not significantly affected the percentage of proteins in milk, whereas
the total protein yield in lactations was influenced by the order of
lactation due to the differences in average milk yield in lactations.
Possibilities for the use of goat meat in the production of traditional sucuk
Authors: Stajic S. , Stanisic N. , Perunovic M. , Zivkovic D. , Zujovic M.
Published: December 2011

Two variants of sucuk were made: one of beef meat and beef tail fat and
another of goat meat and goat tail fat with meat/fat ratio of 75/25 and the
same ingredients. After filling, the sausages were hung to dry in a
traditional smoking house (without the possibility to control the temperature
or humidity). Weight loss, pH, non-protein nitrogen content, basic chemical
composition, instrumental colour measurement and sensory evaluation were done
for both variants. Both variants had an almost identical weight loss (36.98
beef sucuk and 36.25 goat sucuk). Changes in pH value and non-protein
nitrogen content had the same tendency and end values did not differ. The
basic chemical composition at the end of production indicates that both
variants were of very good quality. L
Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus L. 1758): Unwelcome inhibitant of ichthyofauna in the reservoir Strezevo in R. Macedonia
Authors: Nastova R. , Nikolova N.
Published: December 2011

Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus L. 1758) represents an allochthonous
(introduced) fish species in freshwater ecosystems of Europe. It has shown
good adaptation to existing ecological conditions in the back and low flow
rate waters. The analysis of some ecological characteristics of the samples,
taken from the reservoir Strezevo in R. Macedonia, points to extremely good
growth rate in this ecosystem. Despite markedly expressed fluctuations in the
number of its population, pumpkinseed has occupied a corresponding ecological
niche in the littoral part of habitat. However, due to a wide trophic
spectrum and the possible competition for space and places for reproduction,
pumpkinseed has become overabundant, thereby deteriorating the ichthyofauna
and state in reservoir Strezevo.
Nutritional value of the grain of Kunitz-free soybean cultivars
Authors: Peric V. , Zilic S. , Srebric M. , Mikic A.
Published: December 2011

Utilization of the raw beans for food and feed is prohibited by the presence
of protease inhibitors. Breeding soybean cultivars for reduced amount of anti
nutritional factors at Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje resulted in
development of two new Kunitz-free cultivars - Lana and Laura. Feeding trials
with pigs in different growth stages were conducted to compare the response
of growing and finishing pigs to diets containing either raw or extruded
standard and KTI-free (Kunitz trypsin inhibitor-free) soybean cultivars. The
greatest improvement in growth performance was noted for the group fed
extruded KTIfree soybean. This group achieved highest daily weight gain and
gain per feed unit. Growth parameters for group of pigs fed raw soybean
Kunitz-free cultivar were slightly reduced.
Trends in legumes ensilaging
Authors: Dinic B. , Djordjevic N. , Radovic J. , Terzic D. , Andjelkovic B. , Blagojevic M.
Published: December 2011

Modern trends in legumes ensilaging technology are based on the knowledge of
biomass from the aspect of suitability for ensilaging, wilting, addition of
carbohydrate feed, use of biological additives, etc. Today, the experiments
are conducted, worldwide, with inoculates, which, in addition to
homofermentative, also contain heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria.
Products of such inoculants contribute to the increase of aerobic stability
of silages so their implementation is good for all types of silage. In
addition to the usage of those additions, modern technology of silage is
based on the maximum mechanization of the ensilaging process, as well as
preparing the silage in the form of roto-bales and silo tubes (most
inexpensive way of conservation) as well as permanent facilities.
Influence of modified incubation factors on carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
Authors: Stojanovic S. , Kanacki Z. , Uscebrka G. , Zikic D.
Published: December 2011

Incubation factors have a great influence on embryonic and postnatal
development of broiler chickens. The aim of changing of incubation factors is
to obtain the best possible production characteristics of broilers. In
previous studies, it was determined that the application of monochromatic
green light and thermal conditioning during incubation give the most
satisfactory results on the postnatal development of chickens. This paper
examines the effects of green monochromatic light and thermal conditioning
during incubation on the carcass characteristics of broilers. In this paper
four experimental groups were set. The first group was incubated under the
standard conditions (37.8 ? C, no light). In the second group incubation
temperature were increased, while in the third group incubation was carried
out under green monochromatic light. In the fourth group temperature and
light conditions of incubation were changed simultaneously. In all groups,
changes of incubation factors were made at precisely defined time intervals.
After hatching, chickens were grown up to day 42, when they were sacrificed
and their carcass characteristics examined. Analysis of results showed that
all treated groups have significant higher body weight, weight of drumsticks,
thighs and toes. The fourth group have significant higher weight of breasts
and wings compared to control group. These results are explained by the
influence of the temperature and light changes during incubation on the
increased proliferation of myoblasts, the growth of skeletal muscle cells,
and the activity of satellite cells, which are reflected in changes of
carcass characteristics.
Effect of probiotics on body conformation of the fattening chickens
Authors: Softic A. , Kavazovic A. , Gagic A. , Katica V. , Sakic V. , Varatanovic M. , Gagic A.
Published: December 2011

The possibility of using different probiotic products primarily in animal
food represents a special direction in the modern production of broiler meat.
Intensive broiler production has been improved in the last few decades
especially in the fields of genetics, nutrition and technology, in order to
achieve maximum growth broilers, the optimal utilization of food and high
yields, especially white meat. Considering the above mentioned research was
conducted in order to examine the impact of commercial probiotic products on
the body conformation of the carcasses of chickens after 42 days of
fattening. In experiment was used a total of 30 chickens provenience Cobb
divided into two groups (P and K). Chickens from both groups were vaccinated
according to the plan and program of immunoprophylaxis, and selected
technical and technological solutions of accommodation, as well as feeding
and watering chickens were in accordance with the recommendations of the
selectors for the floor system rearing. Chickens of experimental group (P)
were given in drinking water, a commercial probiotic Probios ?, a soluble
powder for poultry, product of a company Chr. Hansen A / S, Denmark.
Probiotic treatment of experimental groups of chickens was conducted the
first three days of life and three days during the vaccination of chickens
(the day before, on the day and the day after vaccination). Measures of body
conformation (the breast circumference, keel length, breast depth, drumsticks
circumference, shank length and breast angle) were determined on carcasses
after the fattening of 42nd day using standard tools in livestock breeding.
The results obtained from this study suggest that the usage of commercial
probiotics in broiler chickens in intensive fattening has proved to be
statistically significant on tested measure of body conformation.
Influence of genotype on eggshell strength and the hatchability of laying parent stock flock
Authors: Nikolova N. , Kocevski D. , Kuzelov A.
Published: December 2011

This research was conducted with aim to establish genotype influence on
eggshell strength of fertilized eggs and its hatchability at parents stock
flock of laying type. Eggs from parent?s flock of lines ISA Brown and DeKalb
White at age of 36-60 weeks were examined. Experiment lasted 6 months, and
once a month were examined samples of 30 fertilized eggs. Results have shown
significant differences (P ? 0.05) in eggshell strength related to genotype
influence. Eggs with brown eggshell from line ISA Brown (P ? 0.05) had
significantly more strength eggshell compared to eggs with white eggshells
from line DeKalb White. Results from the analyses of breeding eggs
hatchability, examined in the mentioned period have shown that this variable
was mainly influenced by age, then by genotype. Eggs of older birds were
lower hatchability compared to fertilized eggs produced of younger parent
stock flock during the examination period.
The environmental impact of poultry production
Authors: Rodic V. , Peric L. , Djukic-Stojcic M. , Vukelic N.
Published: December 2011

The main aim of the animal production is to produce animal proteins of high
value in a sustainable manner. However, sustainability is not easy to define.
It is a complex phenomenon, which includes integration of economic, social,
and environmental dimensions of the certain production, within a given
socio-economic context. In this respect, poultry production meets first two
dimensions - it provides affordable dietary item for consumers and profit for
producers. It additionally generates up and downstream investment
opportunities and it contributes to the development of the local economy.
However, with the concentration of poultry production and increase in
operation size, considerable environmental problems have occurred. During the
last several decades, the environmental impact of the poultry production has
received an ever-growing attention. Nowadays, producers are under heavy
pressure, from different fronts, to minimize the impact of their production
on the environment and to adopt welfare friendly practices. The major
challenges, which will affect animal production in the future, will likely
deal with the environment. In this paper, the environmental impact of poultry
production and the differences in this respect between the different
production systems are presented.
Use extruded rapeseed meal in the feed of broiler chickens
Authors: Milosevic N. , Stanacev V. , Peric L. , Zikic D. , Djukic-Stojcic M. , Milic D.
Published: December 2011

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of extruded rapeseed meal
in the diet on broiler performance. Chickens of Ross 398 hybrid were used in
the trial. The trial lasted 42 days. Rape seed meal was extruded prior to use
and included in the diet at the level of 4% (group 2) and 8% (group 3), and
control group of chickens (group 1) fed the standard mixture based on corn,
soybean meal and soybean grits. Chickens of the control group scored the
highest ranking and realized the final body mass of 2212 g, whereas the
chickens of group 2 had the final body mass of 2191 g, and chickens of group
3 with final body mass of 2148 g were the worst. Falling behind of the trial
groups in relation to the control group in regard to the body mass at the end
of the trial was by 0,91% group 2 and by 2,89% for group 3. Feed conversion
ratio was the best in group 2, followed by control group, and the worst was
the group 3 (1,882; 1,866; 1,894, respectively). The lowest mortality rate
was realized by chickens of the control group, followed by group 2 and group
3 (4,00%; 4,33%; 5,33%, respectively). The control group of chickens had the
best production index value, followed by group 2 and the lowest value of the
production index was established for chickens of group 3 (270,95; 265,18;
255,63, respectively). It can be observed that the depression in trial groups
was within the limits of toleration, which indicates that extruded rapeseed
meal can be included in the diets for fattening chickens in ratio up to 10%.
Production performance of meat type hybrids
Authors: Bjedov S. , Ljubojevic D.B. , Milosevic N. , Stanacev V. , Djukic-Stojcic M. , Milic D.
Published: December 2011

Modern broiler production is based on exploitation of meat type hybrids which
are characterized by intensive growth, excellent food efficiency, strong
constitution and excellent body conformation. In Serbia, many foreign
proveniences are present and therefore there is a need to define a hybrid
which in existing production conditions would realize the best fattening
results. Objective of the study was to determine the production results of
two most present line hybrids on our market, Cobb-500 and Ross-308. The
following production parameters: body mass, gain, feed consumption, feed
conversion, mortality and production index were monitored. One day old
chickens were distributed randomly in two groups with 4 repetitions per each
hybrid. In nutrition of broilers complete pellet mixtures were used, which
ensured that all broiler requirements in energy, proteins, mineral
substances, vitamins and essential amino acids were met. Higher final body
mass was realized by Ross-308. In regard to feed conversion, mortality, feed
consumption and value of production index, it is observed that Cobb-500
broilers realized better feed conversion (1,78), lower mortality (7,00%),
lower consumption of feed per chicken (4238g) and higher value of production
index with 316 index points compared to Ross-308 (1.82; 9,00%; 4407g; 309).
Obtained production indexes for both hybrids were very high, so it can be
concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between
these two hybrids. It can be concluded that achieved results are
satisfactory, and that hybrids have high genetic potential.
Effect of antinutritional factors and extrusion at the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and testosterone in serum of broiler chickens
Authors: Beukovic D. , Ljubojevic D. , Beukovic M. , Glamocic D. , Bjedov S. , Stanacev V.
Published: December 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various antinutritional
factors and extrusion at the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, total
protein and serum testosterone in broiler chickens. The experiment was set up
as four treatments with four replications, where the chickens fed diets with
different soybean varieties and different way of processing. The groups were:
SS-raw standard strain, SL-raw soybeans with low levels of Kunitz trypsin
inhibitor, SGstandard extruded soybeans and extruded soybeans LG with low
levels of trypsin inhibitors. Significantly higher cholesterol levels
compared to the SS group (3,0125 mmol/l) was in SL (3,6125 mmol/l) and SG
(3,8875 mmol/l) group, while in relation to the LG (3,4 mmol/l) group was
higher but the difference was not significant (p> 0.05). Triglyceride level
was highest in the LG group (1,6375 mmol/l), followed by SL (1,425 mmol/l)
and SG (1,125 mmol/l) groups and between these three groups no statistically
significant differences. The lowest level of triglycerides in the SS group
and is significantly lower than in the other three groups. Total protein
level was highest in the SL group and significantly higher than the SG and LG
groups (p <0.05) and highly significant difference compared to the SS group.
Differences between groups SS, SG and SL are not statistically
significant.The experiment confirmed that in addition to Kunitz trypsin
inhibitors are heat labile and other factors that influence different
biochemical parameters of blood.
Influence of spring feed on the strength of honey bee colonies during spring development
Authors: Andjelkovic B. , Jevtic G. , Mladenovic M. , Petrovic M. , Vasic T.
Published: December 2011

The strength of honey bee colonies during year depends on wintering and on
biologic development of colonies during spring period. To ensure satisfactory
colony development in spring period, it is necessary to add stimulative feed.
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different types of spring
feed on the honey bee colony strength. Twenty honey bee colonies were
selected for this experiment. Colonies were divided into five groups, and
each group received different stimulative feed. The first group was fed with
sugar syrup, and the second with sugar syrup with added microelements and
with vitamin complex. The third group received sugar candy without additives,
and the fourth group received sugar candy with addition of microelements and
vitamins. The fifth group was fed with honey. The experiment was conducted on
the apiary of the Institute for forage crops in Krusevac.
The authencity of honey in relation to quality parameters
Authors: Dugalic-Vrndic N. , Keckes J. , Mladenovic M.
Published: December 2011

In the Serbian market can be found significant quantity of honey which
authenticity can be doubt. Honey is changed sensory, as well as in certain
chemical quality parameters. Sometimes it happens that honey is in accordance
to quality requirements but that doesn?t mean that it?s natural and authentic
honey. Many analysts who are engage in testing the quality of honey have
experience to recognize the honey that isn't from honey bees but the work of
skilled producers. The question is how to solve the problem - how to
recognize forgery honey from natural although it is in accordance to quality
requirements prescribed by the legislation? The most important is that this
honey isn`t selling to consumers as a natural honey. Analysts here are
becoming helpless because the law is rigid and based on the quality
parameters that we cannot with certainty tell if the honey is forgery or not.
In this article we reviewed the results of examination of quality of honey
from the market of Serbia, where the sensory evaluation demonstrated that it
is a honey in which authenticity can be doubted. The results were: 1. honey
that has sensory changed with good quality parameters and 2. honey that has
sensory changed with quality parameters which isn?t in accordance with Book
of Regulation. The conclusion is that a larger number of samples that have
been sensory changed did not satisfy the chemical quality parameters, and in
one part of the samples were present residues of antibiotics and
sulfonamides.
Genetic trends using different criteria of selection on specialized breeds in pigs
Authors: Vidovic V. , Lukac D. , Strbac Lj. , Punos D. , Stupar M.
Published: December 2011

The trial had included 8 generations of pigs and last 10 years of has been
done at 4 different breeds: Landrace and Yorkshire as dam line and Duroc and
Pietrain as a sire line. Trial included 62 sires, 1794 dams, 5694 progeny and
slaughtered 838 heads in total. To examine fixed and random effects LS MME
model has been used. Installed different selection criteria for L, Y and D, P
showed positive and expected improvement. There are know significant
differences at age of slaughter between L,Y and D, P showed significantly
lower gain and logger age. Genetic trends for certain traits for all used
traits showed a positive line. At the same time explain significance of
optimal selection criteria during production.
Palatability and efficacy of RB soft bag formulated baits in controlling house mouse and Norway rat in animal food blender facilities and pig farm
Authors: Vuksa M. , Djedovic S. , Jokic G. , Stojnic B.
Published: December 2011

The Norway rat and house mouse the most important rodent pest at farms eat
and polullut the huge food quantity and carry a range of severe infectious
deseases to humans and pets. Rodent control is undertaken only after its
presence has been registered. Preparations for their control need to meet
palatability requirements. Experiments were conducted in animal food blender
facilities and pig farm (maternity and rooms with young and adult pigs) in
Omoljica following the standard EPPO method. Palatability and efficacy of RB
formulated baits (paste in special 10 g paper bags) containing 0.005%
bromadiolone and 0.005% brodifacoum were tested against the house mouse and
Norway rat . Baits in pelllete formulation were used as the standard. All the
baits were placed in special boxes. Rodent abundance was evaluated based on
the highest and the lowest daily baits consumption divided by the daily
required of food amount, and a census method before and after treatment.
Rodent presence was monitored over the next 20 days. The efficacy of the
tested RB soft bag and standard formulations was calculated according to
Abbott's formula. The results showed that palatability and efficacy of RB
soft bag formulations (81-100%) was substantially high especially of
brodifacoum-based baits.
Application of NIR technology in the animal food industry
Authors: Maslovaric M. , Jovanovic R. , Jankovic S. , Levic J. , Tolimir N.
Published: December 2011

The importance of NIR technology in the animal food industry is presented in
this study. As the example of the calibration procedure of NIR devices a
calibration model for 14 samples of soybean cake was designed. Samples were
previously analyzed in the standard laboratory testing of the moisture
content, content of crude proteins, crude fats and crude fibre. In this
calibration procedure high determination coefficients - R2 were established
for these parameters of the nutritional value of food (0.9783 for moisture,
0.9904 for crude proteins, 0.9872 for crude fats and 0.9351 for crude fibre).
The comparison of values obtained by using standard laboratory methods with
values obtained by NIR technology/method indicates that by using NIR devices
it is possible to obtain highly reliable results, and therefore it can be
used successfully in facilities for production of animal food in the control
of the quality and projection of mixtures.
A Manifesto for Education
Authors: Biesta Gert , Säfström Carl Anders
Published: December 2011

In November 2010 the authors finished the writing of a manifesto for education. The manifesto was an attempt to respond to a number of issues concerning education, both in the field of educational research and in the wider socio-political environment. This is the text of that manifesto followed by two commentaries in which the authors try to highlight some of the reasons that have led to the writing of the manifesto, and in which an attempt is made to situate the manifesto in a number of discussions and debates.
Living in the Age of Imposed Amnesia: The Eclipse of Democratic Formative Culture
Authors: Giroux Henry A.
Published: December 2011

This article argues that under neoliberal casino capitalism there has been a wholesale attack not only on the social state but also on those public spheres that enable the formative cultures necessary to produce critical agents, engaged subjects, and the literacies necessary to make power and authority accountable. In this instance, the struggle to develop counter-narratives to challenge the normalization of neoliberal ideology and values must be accompanied by the development of public spheres that enable such narratives to develop. This suggests that the struggle against the moral coma induced by neoliberalism is as much a pedagogical struggle as it is a struggle over power, politics, and sovereignty.
Business Culture and the Death of Public Education: Mayor Bloomberg, David Steiner, and the Politics of Corporate ‘Leadership’
Authors: Giroux Henry A.
Published: December 2011

This article provides a case study of how a business culture imposes modes of educational leadership on a public school system in New York City that has little if any concerns for empowering children, teachers, and the communities. The article provides a counter-narrative that serves to dispel the notion that the culture of educational empowerment is synonymous with a corporate model of leadership and education and that the latter is the best ideological and political template for understanding and governing public schools. In fact, the article attempts to make clear that the culture of business largely functions both to disempower students and teachers and to undercut the ability of schools to connect learning to social change, the power of the imagination, civic courage, and intellectual growth.
Education and the Labour Market in Brazil
Authors: De Oliveira Alberto , Filho Gilberto Abrantes
Published: December 2011

The aim of this article is to compare the schooling levels of individuals with the demands of the Brazilian labour market. The results demonstrate the high probability of compatibility between occupation and schooling levels. But high propensities for under-education were identified associated with the skin colour and position in the family. The results are consistent with the Brazilian social inequality. In conclusion, although there is a dearth of qualified labour in specific segments, the widespread existence of compatibility between workers' occupations and their schooling levels suggests that companies have adapted themselves to the educational deficiencies of their workers.
Awakening to White Privilege and Power in Canada
Authors: Syed Khalida Tanvir , Hill Anne
Published: December 2011

In this article two narratives are used to illustrate how self-awareness of ‘White’ as skin colour reveals associated subtle aspects of power and privilege and with that, an ethic of personal and professional responsibility. The narratives connect experience and action with the conceptual framework of a third, liminal space, demonstrating an opportunity for the respectful expression of multiple interpretations of experiences and thus, positive personal and institutional change. John Dewey's classic work and recent research and writing by scholars such as Melanie Bush, Paul Carr and Darren Lund, Benedicta Egbo, and Maxine Greene offer additional insight and directions for exploration. The conclusion of the article suggests that beyond the initial experience of awareness and reflection, an ethical response demands a presence and collaborative action. It is hoped that this research will provoke invitations for dialogue across and within boundaries that have been less visible.
The Rhetoric of a Reform: The Construction of ‘Public’, ‘Management’ and the ‘New’ in Norwegian Education Reforms of the 1990s
Authors: Trippestad Tom Are
Published: December 2011

This article presents a critical rhetorical analysis of the governing and reform ideology of the Norwegian school system of the 1990s. It uses Karl Popper's The Open Society and its Enemies as a critical resource in the reading of the reforms, and discusses some of the consequences of the regime's models of leadership and public management for important pedagogical qualities of the school system.
Equity and Quality in the Revitalisation of African Higher Education: Trends and Challenges
Authors: Singh Mala
Published: December 2011

The revitalisation of African higher education has been a policy imperative on the agenda of many international and African organisations in the last decade, as well as a focus for research and debate. Revitalisation is a theme which is itself framed by a larger set of current discourses about the powerful role of knowledge in society and in the economy, and about the possibilities and conditions for knowledge-based development. Central to the success of both the revitalisation and knowledge-based development agenda is a systematic and sustained approach to a package of issues relating to access, equity and quality in African higher education. This article examines trends and developments relating to these three issues in higher education in sub-Saharan Africa and reflects on their implications for a successful revitalisation strategy, as well as for knowledge-based development.
Higher Education as an Instrument of Social Integration in Tanzania: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Mkude Daniel
Published: December 2011

In developing countries, higher education is a powerful instrument for social mobility and economic prosperity. An in-depth study of the relationship between higher education and certain equity issues has revealed that in Ghana and Tanzania there is inadequate effort to widen higher education participation to include traditionally disadvantaged groups. The article argues that provided they have strong and visionary leadership, universities can spearhead efforts to make higher education accessible to such disadvantaged groups through the judicious use of their admissions and selection criteria, and the mounting of special make-up and support programmes.
A Ghanaian Response to the Study on ‘Widening Participation in Higher Education in Ghana and Tanzania: Developing an Equity Scorecard’
Authors: Effah Paul
Published: December 2011

The study on ‘Widening Participation in Higher Education in Ghana and Tanzania: developing an Equity Scorecard’ is a contribution to making higher education more socially inclusive in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings reinforce some of the policy initiatives taken in Ghana and Tanzania, and underscore the importance of widening participation in higher education, as well as addressing associated issues of equity and quality. Although the higher education sector has expanded tremendously during the past two to three decades, enrolment at the tertiary level falls behind levels obtained in most developed countries. Access and equity continue to be issues, particularly in rural areas. This article responds to some of the findings in the research study. It identifies some of the policy initiatives by government and interventions taken by the tertiary education institutions to address the issue of access and equity in the provision of tertiary education. As a result of these initiatives, some students in rural areas have not only had the opportunity to enrol in competitive professional programmes like medicine and engineering, but have also been provided with avenues for upward social mobility. A number of recommendations are made towards canvassing support for broader involvement of all stakeholders in the process of promoting access and addressing inequalities.
Returning to Study in Higher Education in Ghana: Experiences of Mature Undergraduate Women
Authors: Adu-Yeboah Christine , Forde Linda Dzama
Published: December 2011

This study was based on the assumption that in Ghana, women who return late to higher education combine domestic and academic work and, in the process, experience tensions and difficulties in the face of cultural and academic prejudice. It employed an interpretive qualitative research approach via narrative interviews with eight mature undergraduate women from different socio-economic backgrounds in one public university. The intention was to explore their experiences and use the findings to make suggestions for institutional development and learning. The data was collected in May 2009 from a sample of first- and final-year women from the Departments of Sociology and Basic Education in one of the oldest public universities in the southern part of Ghana. The women students found academic work difficult and made reference to gaps in terms of their knowledge deficit, unfamiliar courses and teaching methods. Recommendations from the study include the formulation of an institutional policy on mature women students in particular, and non-traditional students in higher education generally, and the regular provision of professional development programmes for higher education practitioners.
Equity and Equality in Access to Higher Education: The Experiences of Students with Disabilities in Tanzania
Authors: Mwaipopo Rosemarie Nyigulila , Lihamba Amandina , Njewele Delphine Cosmas
Published: December 2011

Social development policies in Tanzania are exemplary in terms of their recognition of the rights of access to higher education institutions by specific demographic groups. Policy documents such as the 2005 National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (known as the MKUKUTA) and the 2004 National Policy on Disability emphasise this necessity and outline the government's commitment to ensure that people who are socially disadvantaged, including those with disabilities, can equally access higher education. The process through which this is achieved is, however, less explicit and is therefore difficult to measure in relation to what students with disabilities actually experience as they not only pursue, but also experience higher education. Using both qualitative and quantitative data, this article analyses the process of access into higher education institutions and outcomes in terms of representation in higher education institutions by students with disabilities. In doing so, it seeks to explore the meaning and outcomes of policies related to higher education institutions in Tanzania in terms of their stated equality ideals and achievements in practice.
Learning from Innovative International Research on Higher Education: How to Conceptualise Equity for Policy, Practice and Pedagogies in Higher Education
Authors: David Miriam E.
Published: December 2011

In this article, the author draws together the diverse approaches to equity and widening participation found in the innovative international research conducted in Ghana and Tanzania by contrast with those in the ‘global North’, using the United Kingdom as a case study. In particular, the author considers the utility of equity scorecards around the theme of the three Rs – recruitment, retention and results – in the context of very diverse national and international cultures and contexts. The focus of these scorecards is on equity in terms of gender, age and socio-economic backgrounds. Using research evidence from the United Kingdom's Teaching and Learning Research Programme on fair access and widening participation in higher education, the author also draws out further conceptual considerations about equity and diversity as key to developing policies, practices and pedagogies for the future of global universities in the twenty-first century. What are the obstacles and opportunities for envisioning equitable and fair policies, practices and pedagogies for the three Rs to enable and enhance higher education for women and other socio-economically disadvantaged groups?
Pathophysiology of Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: Zuraw Bruce L. , Christiansen Sandra C.
Published: December 2011

Background

Laryngeal angioedema may be associated with significant morbidity and even mortality. Because of the potential severity of attacks, both allergists and otolaryngologists must be knowledgeable about the recognition and treatment of laryngeal angioedema. This study describes the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of bradykinin-mediated angioedema.

Methods

A literature review was conducted concerning the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of types I and II hereditary angioedema (HAE), type III HAE, acquired C1 inhibitor (C1INH) deficiency, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor–associated angioedema.

Results

The diagnosis of type I/II HAE is relatively straightforward as long as the clinician maintains a high index of suspicion. Mutations in the SERPING1 gene result in decreased secretion of functional C1INH and episodic activation of plasma kallikrein and Hageman factor (FXII) of the plasma contact system with cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen and generation of bradykinin. In contrast, there are no unequivocal criteria for making a diagnosis of type III HAE, although a minority of these patients may have a mutation in the factor XII gene. Angioedema attacks and mediator of swelling in acquired C1INH deficiency are similar to those in type I or II HAE; however, it occurs on a sporadic basis because of excessive consumption of C1INH in patients who are middle aged or older. ACE inhibitor–associated angioedema should always be considered in any patient taking an ACE inhibitor who experiences angioedema. ACE is a kininase, which when inhibited is thought to result in increased bradykinin levels. Bradykinin acts on vascular endothelial cells to enhance vascular permeability.

Conclusion

Laryngeal swelling is not infrequently encountered in bradykinin-mediated angioedema. Novel therapies are becoming available that for the first time provide effective treatment for bradykinin-mediated angioedema. Because the characteristics and treatment of these angioedemas are quite distinct from each other and from histamine-mediated angioedema, it is crucial that the physician be able to recognize and distinguish these swelling disorders.
One-way Valve Bottle Contamination Rates in the Immediate Post–functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Period
Authors: Kofonow Jennifer M. , Bhuskute Aditi , Doghramji Laurel , Palmer James N. , Cohen Noam A. , Chiu Alexander G.
Published: December 2011

Background

Sinonasal saline irrigation has become an accepted practice in the immediate postoperative management of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) patients. Recent studies have found that valveless delivery systems of sinonasal irrigation are colonized with bacteria. An alternative delivery system uses a one-way valve to reduce saline backflow and may limit bottle contamination. Our sole objective was to determine whether this system in post-FESS patients eliminates microbial bottle contamination.

Methods

Eight patients undergoing FESS were given one-way valve irrigation bottles to use immediately after surgery. Bottles were collected after 1 week of use and another set of bottles after an additional week. Endoscopic-directed cultures of the middle meatus were performed at the time of surgery. Returned used bottles were swabbed for bacteria and the valve system of the bottle was analyzed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the presence of bacteria.

Results

All sinus swabs collected at the time of surgery grew bacteria with Staphylococcus sp. present in all samples. After the 1st week of use, 5/8 bottles grew bacterial cultures and showed bacterial presence on the valves by SEM. After the 2nd week, 4/5 bottles had positive culture results and also showed bacterial presence on the valves by SEM.

Conclusion

Despite commercial claims that the use of valves and limit of backflow into the bottle will eliminate contamination, our study showed that one-way valve delivery systems become contaminated with bacteria after 1 week of use. We also showed that the bottle valves themselves harbor bacteria after 1 week of use.
Nasal Nitric Oxide and Nasal Eosinophils Decrease with Levocetirizine in Subjects with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Bautista Angela P. , Eisenlohr Claudia P. , Lanz Miguel J.
Published: December 2011

Background

Allergic rhinitis is commonly treated with antihistamines. Monitoring improvement of airway inflammation noninvasively using nasal nitric oxide (nNO) would be clinically useful. To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of oral levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LC), we measured nNO and nasal eosinophils (nEos) in perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) subjects.

Methods

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design was used. Inclusion criteria consisted of subjects having a PAR history, exam and diary scores consistent with active symptoms, and positive skin testing. Subjects taking allergy medications 1 month before the study were not enrolled. After consenting, 31 subjects (24 female subjects; mean age, 29 years) were randomized to either oral LC (5 mg) or matching placebo for 2 weeks. After 2 week washout, subjects started the other 2-week treatment. At each visit, nNO was measured by aspiration at each nare using a nasal kit from NIOX (Aerocrine, Sweden) in parts per billion; nEos was collected from nasal smears and measured by microscopy using the scoring system (0–4+) and symptoms were self-reported using the allergic Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ). Daily allergy symptom scores (total symptom score [TSS] 4) were collected at each visit.

Results

During LC, mean baseline nNO was 807 ± 317 parts per billion (ppb; left) and 831 ± 332 ppb (right) and decreased significantly to 688 ± 266 ppb and 702 ± 286 ppb, respectively (p < 0.05). No significance was found during placebo treatment (778 ± 270 ppb, 808 ± 299 ppb to 802 ± 271 ppb, 813 ± 273 ppb). The mean nNO change was also significant compared with placebo (-125 ppb versus + 14 ppb; p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in nEos with LC compared with placebo (3.1–2.5 versus 2.9–2.6; p < 0.05). RQLQ scores were significantly improved with LC only. In TSS-4 scoring, a trend toward improvement during LC and significant worsening during placebo was found. Baseline nNO predicted changes in nasal eosinophils (nEos) and RQLQ.

Conclusion

We showed that oral LC therapy decreased objective markers of rhinitis inflammation, nNO and nEos, in patients with PAR. Improvement in symptom scoring was also found with LC treatment.
Osteomeatal Complex Obstruction is not Associated with Adjacent Sinus Disease in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps
Authors: Leung Randy M. , Kern Robert C. , Conley David B. , Tan Bruce K. , Chandra Rakesh K.
Published: December 2011

Background

It is universally accepted that osteomeatal complex (OMC) disease is linked to the subsequent development of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNPs) via postobstructive mechanisms. The role of OMC obstruction in the pathogenesis of CRSwNPs is less clear. This study was designed to identify if there is an association between OMC obstruction and inflammation of the adjacent sinuses, when patients are stratified by polyp status. This is a follow-up and expanded series of a previous pilot study from our group.

Method

CT scans of 144 patients with CRSsNPs and 123 patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) were evaluated for each sinus and OMC. Patients had no previous surgeries for NPs. CT scans were obtained after a trial of maximal medical therapy.

Results

Increasing OMC involvement was associated with increasing Lund-Mackay score for both CRSsNPs and CRSwNPs. In CRSsNP patients, OMC status significantly correlated with adjacent sinus status (p < 0.0001). Meanwhile in CRSwNPs, OMC status does not correlate with adjacent sinus status (p = 0.328).

Conclusion

OMC obstruction in the setting of CRSwNP may be a barometer of the overall disease process, but in this scenario, paranasal sinus inflammation can not be classified as a postobstructive phenomenon. These findings question the role of minimally invasive procedures in the management of CRSwNPs.
Mitomycin C in Revision Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Penttilä Elina , Smirnov Grigori , Seppa Juha , Kaarniranta Kai , Tuomilehto Henri
Published: December 2011

Background

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) is an effective and safe procedure when treating saccal and postsaccal nasolacrimal duct obstruction. However, sometimes scarring of the rhinostomy site caused by fibrosis may occur, particularly in revision operations. The application of intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC), an antiproliferative agent, has been introduced as one possible technique to improve the outcome. We conducted a prospective, randomized study to evaluate if the use of MMC improves the success in endonasal revision DCR procedure.

Methods

Thirty revision EN-DCR procedures were performed during 2004–2010. The patients were randomized into two study groups, according to whether the intraoperative MMC was used or not. The technique of EN-DCR procedure in both groups was the same, but in the MMC group, at the end of the procedure a piece of tampon soaked in MMC (0.4 mg/mL) was placed into the rhinostoma for 5 minutes. No silicone stents were inserted. The surgical outcome at the 6-month follow-up visit was considered successful if the lacrimal sac irrigation succeeded and if the patients’ symptoms were relieved.

Results

The success rate after revision EN-DCR with MMC was 93% and without MMC was 60%. The overall success rate was 77%. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). The relief of the symptoms between groups in both the Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Symptom Score and ocular symptoms was statistically significant (p = 0.007 and p = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion

The results of our study indicate that the application of intraoperative mitomycin C may improve the outcome in revision EN-DCR.