bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the power of botanical gardens: Evaluating the costs and resources needed for exceptional plant conservation
Authors: Philpott Megan , Pence Valerie C. , Bassüner Burgund , Clayton Ashley S. , Coffey Emily E. D. , Downing Jason L. , Edwards Christine E. , Folgado Raquel , Ligon Jason J. , Powell Christy , Ree Joseph Francis , Seglias Alexandra E. , Sugii Nellie , Zale Peter J. , Zeldin Jacob
Published: October 2022

Premise

The effective ex situ conservation of exceptional plants, whether in living collections or cryo‐collections, requires more resources than the conservation of other species. Because of their expertise with rare plants, botanical gardens are well positioned to lead this effort, but a well‐developed strategy requires a clear understanding of the resources needed.

Methods

Grant funding was obtained from the Institute of Museum and Library Services to support a three‐year project on cryobanking, and to provide smaller grants to 10 other botanical gardens for one‐year projects on either (1) seed behavior studies or (2) the development of protocols for in vitro propagation or cryopreservation.

Results

Nine of the partner gardens worked on 19 species (one was unable to continue due to the COVID‐19 pandemic), while the larger project focused on 14 species. A point system was developed for tasks accomplished, and the average costs per point of the larger and smaller projects were similar. Labor accounted for half the costs. Projects focused on species in the Asteraceae and Orchidaceae had lower costs per point than other species.

Discussion

Both large and small projects can contribute to a strategy for exceptional plant conservation for similar costs. Prioritizing species with lower costs could help advance the field while allowing time for work on more difficult species to develop.
Proton gradient mediates hemolymph trehalose influx into aphid bacteriocytes
Authors: Iwata Mana , Yoshinaga Mayu , Mizutani Kosuke , Kikawada Takahiro , Kikuta Shingo
Published: October 2022

Aphids harbor proteobacterial endosymbionts such as Buchnera aphidicola housed in specialized bacteriocytes derived from host cells. The endosymbiont Buchnera supplies essential amino acids such as arginine to the host cells and, in turn, obtains sugars needed for its survival from the hemolymph. The mechanism of sugar supply in aphid bacteriocytes has been rarely studied. It also remains unclear how Buchnera acquires its carbon source. The hemolymph sugars in Acyrthosiphon pisum are composed of the disaccharide trehalose containing two glucose molecules. Here, we report for the first time that trehalose is transported and used as a potential carbon source by Buchnera across the bacteriocyte plasma membrane via trehalose transporters. The current study characterized the bacteriocyte trehalose transporter Ap_ST11 (LOC100159441) using the Xenopus oocyte expression system. The Ap_ST11 transporter was found to be proton‐dependent with a Km value ≥700 mM. We re‐examined the hemolymph trehalose at 217.8 mM using a fluorescent trehalose sensor. The bacteriocytes did not obtain trehalose by facilitated diffusion along the gradient across cellular membranes. These findings suggest that trehalose influx into the bacteriocytes depends on the extracellular proton‐driven secondary electrochemical transporter.
Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Ethylene over Copper‐based Catalytic Systems
Authors: Yang Yisen , Tan Zhonghao , Zhang Jianling
Published: October 2022

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to ethylene (C2H4) has attracted significant attention in recent years. Copper‐based catalytic systems have been proven to be the most efficient for producing C2H4from electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction. In this review, we present the recent progress on the electrocatalytic CO2reduction to C2H4over copper‐based catalytic systems, mainly focusing on reaction mechanism, design of catalysts and influences of electrolyte, CO2supplement and electrolyzer on activity, selectivity and stability.
DNA methylation profile of lip tissue from congenital nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate patients by whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Zhang Youmeng , Wu Siyi , Ma Duan , Ma Jing
Published: October 2022

Congenital nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) is one of the most common malformations worldwide. DNA methylation has been implicated in many diseases. However, its involvement in lip tissue from NSCLP is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of dysregulated DNA methylation in NSCLP. DNA methylation profile was determined in eight injured and five self‐normal lip tissue samples from children with NSCLP by whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing. A total of 2,711 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), corresponding to 1,231 genes were identified. Given the important role of promoter methylation in regulating gene expression, the promoter DMR‐related genes were considered. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that some of them showed potential associations with NSCLP. Therefore, the well‐known NSCLP susceptibility gene, GLI family zinc finger 2 (GLI2) with an unknown role in its DNA methylation in NSCLP, was selected for further analysis. The promoter hypomethylation and higher mRNA expression level of GLI2 were observed in injured lip tissues by verification in additional samples. Moreover, dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that promoter hypermethylation of GLI2 inhibited its transcription. Overall, this study suggested that abnormal DNA methylation in lip tissue may be correlated with the pathogenesis of congenital NSCLP.
Thermally stable red luminescence from Eu3+‐activated telluro zinc phosphate glass under near‐ultraviolet light excitation for photonic applications
Authors: Vikas  , Jayasimhadri Mula
Published: October 2022

Telluro zinc phosphate (TZP) glasses doped with different concentrations of Eu3+ ions were prepared and their physical, structural, and luminescence properties were studied in detail to reveal the utility of the as‐prepared glass for white light‐emitting diode (w‐LED) applications. The broad hump in the diffraction pattern specified the amorphous behaviour of the TZP glass. The various vibrational shoulder linkages were characterized using the Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The optical absorption spectrum was measured in the ultraviolet (UV)–visible (Vis) light region for the Eu3+‐doped TZP (TZPE) glass and the optical band gap was found to be 3.12 eV. Eu3+‐doped TZP glasses showed several emission peaks in the visible region including an intense red emission peak due to the 5D0→7F2 transition under an excitation wavelength of λex = 393 nm, which was matched with the emitting wavelength of the near‐UV LED chip. Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates were situated in the red region and nearly matched with the coordinates of the commercial red phosphor (Y2O3S:Eu3+). The decay profile of the TZPE50 glass exhibited a single exponential fit with a decay time (
of 1.76 ms. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) studies demonstrate that the as‐prepared glass consist of excellent thermal stability. The detailed analysis and results confirmed that the red‐emitting TZPE glasses were potential candidates for white‐LED and other photonic applications.
Achieving tolerance modifies cancer susceptibility profiles in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Bhat Mamatha , Pasini Elisa , Patel Preya , Yu Jeffrey , Baciu Cristina , Kurian Sunil M. , Levitsky Josh
Published: October 2022

Long‐term survival of transplant recipients is significantly impacted by malignancy. We aimed to determine whether calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)‐treated recipients converted to and weaned off molecular target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTOR‐I) therapy have favorable changes in their molecular profiles in regard to malignancy risk. We performed gene expression profiling from liver biopsy and blood (PBMC) specimens followed by network analysis of key dysregulated genes, associated diseases and disorders, molecular and cellular functions using IPA software. Twenty non‐immune, non‐viremic patients were included, and 8 of them achieved tolerance. Two comparisons were performed: (1) tolerance time point vs tacrolimus monotherapy and (2) tolerance time point vs sirolimus monotherapy. Upon achieving tolerance, IPA predicted significant activation of DNA damage response (p = 5.40e‐04) and inhibition of DNA replication (p = 7.56e‐03). Conversion from sirolimus to tolerance showed decrease in HCC (p = 1.30e‐02), hepatic steatosis (p = 5.60e‐02) and liver fibrosis (p = 2.91e‐02) associated genes. In conclusion, this longitudinal study of patients eventually achieving tolerance reveals an evolving molecular profile associated with decreased cancer risk and improved hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis. This provides a biological rationale for attempting conversion to mTOR‐I therapy and tolerance following liver transplantation particularly in patients at higher risk of cancer incidence and progression post‐transplant.
Navigating dual roles: Governance of statewide community college membership associations
Authors: Galizio Larry
Published: October 2022

Statewide membership associations are comprised of trustees and/or district chancellors or college presidents (CEOs) whose primary professional responsibility is the governance and administration of local districts and colleges. The majority of these statewide community college membership associations are nonprofit entities—typically incorporated as 501(c)3 and/or 501(c)6's—and their missions characteristically include state and federal advocacy, professional and policy development, research and district support services, and the promotion of the state's community colleges to the multiple constituencies of decision‐makers, policy influencers, traditional, and social media communication platforms. The Community College League of California provides a case example of the work occurring in membership associations. Governance challenges are reviewed, and questions are posed regarding future directions.
Uncommon governance
Authors: Phelan Daniel J.
Published: October 2022

Multiple direct observations suggest that community college board governance exists today, very much as it has for many decades, often encumbered by outmoded, unchecked, ineffectual practices, and absent clarity of purpose. The absence of a routine assessment of a board's own governance style and efficacy foretells a future inability for meaningful impact and quantum gains in the service of those the college was designed to serve. This chapter challenges board members to lean into the necessary work of governing by thoughtfully considering their current governance model and associated practices, relative to what could be greater levels of board effectiveness. A number of tools and alternatives are offered in the chapter to assist boards in this work, including the introduction of a governance hierarchy to provide an aspirational context for improved board effectiveness, as well as a new concept of Covenant Governance, and the benefits of a Policy Governance Model.
Oxidative Desulfurization Using MoO3 as Recyclable and Efficient Nanocatalyst
Authors: Sales Rita N. , Nunes Carla D.
Published: October 2022

Gathering clean energy from fuel feedstocks is of paramount significance in environmental science. In this area, desulfurization provides a valuable contribution by eliminating sulfur compounds from fuel feedstocks to ensure they can be used without emission of toxic sulfur oxides. MoO3 nanoparticles have been hydrothermally synthesized and used as efficient catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of methylphenyl and diphenyl sulfide using TBHP or H2O2 as oxidant. The catalyst showed an enhancement in the ODS process of the two substrates revealing influence on the reaction rate and product selectivity. Temperature and solvent influenced the conversion for the desired product as well. The activity of the catalyst was stable for at least 3 continuous catalytic cycles. Catalytic performance of MoO3 nanomaterial was comparable or better than other catalysts reported in the literature in terms of the sulfoxide or sulfone yield.
Oxidative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: De Risi Carmela , Brandolese Arianna , Di Carmine Graziano , Ragno Daniele , Massi Alessandro , Bortolini Olga
Published: October 2022

N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis is a by now consolidated organocatalytic platform for a number of synthetic (asymmetric) transformations via diverse reaction modes/intermediates. In addition to the typicalumpolungprocesses involving acyl anion/homoenolate equivalent species, implementation of protocols under oxidative conditions greatly expands the possibilities of this methodology. Oxidative NHC‐catalysis allows for oxidative and oxygenative transformations through specific manipulations of Breslow‐type species depending upon the oxidant used (external oxidant or O2/air), the derived NHC‐bound intermediates paving the way to non‐umpolungprocesses through activation of carbon atoms and heteroatoms. This review is intended to update the state of the art in oxidative NHC‐catalyzed reactions that appeared in the literature from 2014 to present, with a strong focus to crucial intermediates and their mechanistic implications.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization for the Synthesis of Thiophene‐Based Cross‐linked Polymers
Authors: Mohr Yorck , Ranscht Alisa , Alves‐Favaro Marcelo , Alessandra Quadrelli Elsje , M. Wisser Florian , Canivet Jérôme
Published: October 2022

An earth‐abundant nickel(II) bipyridine catalyst, combined with lithium hexamethyldisilazide as base, demonstrates its wide applicability in the direct arylation polymerization of di‐ and tri‐thiophene heteroaryls with poly(hetero)aryl halides. With a nickel catalyst loading of 2.5 mol%, a series of twenty highly cross‐linked organic polymers is obtained in 34 to 99 % yields. Using mixed polytopic coupling partners allows obtaining alternating and optically active thiophene‐based solids with intrinsic porosity.
Oxidation of an Internal‐Edge‐Substituted [5]Helicene‐Derived Phosphine Synchronously Enhances Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Usui Kazuteru , Narita Nozomi , Eto Ryosuke , Suzuki Seika , Yokoo Atsushi , Yamamoto Kosuke , Igawa Kazunobu , Iizuka Naoko , Mimura Yuki , Umeno Tomohiro , Matsumoto Shota , Hasegawa Masashi , Tomooka Katsuhiko , Imai Yoshitane , Karasawa Satoru
Published: October 2022

Small chiral organic molecules with CD properties are in high demanded due to their potential use in promising electronic and biological applications. Herein, we reveal a system in which the oxidation of a phosphino group to the corresponding phosphine oxide on the inner rim of a helicene derivative induces a CPL response. Laterally π‐extended 7,8‐dihydro[5]helicenes bearing phosphine and phosphine oxide groups on their inner helical rims (i. e., the C1 position) were synthesized, and their helical structures were unambiguously determined by X‐ray crystallography. The photophysical (UV/visible and emission) and chiroptical properties of these compounds were investigated in various solvents. Despite their structural similarities, phosphine oxide showed a significantly better CPL response than phosphine, with a high dissymmetry factor for emission (|glum|=(1.3–1.9)×10−3) that can be attributed to structural changes in the interior of the helicene helix.
Inter‐Network Charge‐Transfer Excited State Formation Within a Two‐fold Catenated Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Nath Akashdeep , Chawla Sakshi , K. De Arijit , Deria Pravas , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: October 2022

Charge‐transfer excited state (CTES) defines the ability to split photon energy into work producing redox equivalents suitable for photocatalysis. Here, we report inter‐net CTES formation within a two‐fold catenated crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF), constructed with two linkers, N,N′‐di(4‐pyridyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide (DPNDI) and 2,6‐dicarboxynaphthalene (NDC). The structural flexibility puts two complementary linkers from two nets in a proximal position to interact strongly. Supported by the electrochemical and steady‐state electronic spectroscopic data, this ground‐state interaction facilitates forming CTES that can be populated by direct excitation. We map the dynamics of the CTES which persists over a few nanoseconds and highlight the utilities of such relatively long‐lived CTES as enhanced conductivity of the MOF under light over that measured in dark and as a proof‐of‐the‐principle test, photo‐reduction of methyl viologen under white light.
Einladung zum Erfahrungsaustausch
Authors: Woppowa Ljuba
Published: October 2022

Einen echten Erfahrungsaustausch, der mehr als Informationen bietet. Das dürfen die Teilnehmenden des 13. Jahrestreffen der Betriebsingenieure des VDI‐GVC erwarten. Es stehen wieder aktuelle Themen aus der Praxis auf dem Programm. Darunter die Betreiberpflichten und die neue TA Luft im betrieblichen Alltag sowie “BIM für BING”: Building Information Modelling – vom Modell in die Praxis. Außerdem werden zentrale Themen aus dem betrieblichen Alltag wie Inbetriebnahme, Turnaround Management sowie Remote Unterstützung und digitale Tools diskutiert.
Die Nachhaltigkeitsprinzipien sind der Kompass
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: October 2022

Die Chemie kann einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur mehr Nachhaltigkeit und Ressourceneinsparung leisten. Im Interview mit CITplus erläutert Dr. Andreas Förster, Geschäftsführer der Dechema, welche Maßnahmen vonseiten der Industrie und der Gesellschaft möglich und notwendig sind. Dabei ist der Weg das Ziel, immer besser zu werden und die Nachhaltigkeitsprinzipien als Kompass einzusetzen
Effizienzpotenziale nutzen
Authors: Saulich Katja
Published: October 2022

Einsparpotenziale lassen sich entlang des gesamten Herstellungsprozesses durch den Einsatz von Digitalisierungstechnologien identifizieren und umsetzen. Ziele können eine bessere Prozessstabilität oder vorausschauende Wartung sein.
Dekarbonisierung der Luftfahrt
Authors: Haid Michael
Published: October 2022

Wie kann eine Dekarbonisierung des Luftfahrtsektors gelingen? Die EDL Anlagenbau Gesellschaft aus Leipzig hat für diese herausfordernde Aufgabe eine neue, industriell einsetzbare PtL‐Anlagentechnologie entwickelt.
Die Formel der grünen Batterie
Authors: Diekmann Jan
Published: October 2022

Moderne Lithium‐Ionen‐Batteriezellen elektrifizieren den Alltag. Doch wie ist es um die Nachhaltigkeit der Technologie selbst bestellt? Eine grüne Batterie ist mehr als nur der Materialmix. Sie ist vielmehr das Ergebnis aus dem Zusammenspiel der verwendeten Materialien und der Effizienz zugehöriger Herstellungsprozesse. Auch ist es eine Frage von Zelldesign und ‐chemie, die zum jeweils spezifischen Anforderungsprofil passen müssen.
Ein klimafreundlicher Batterierohstoff
Authors: Wehrhold Jan Martin
Published: October 2022

Das Interview mit Dr. Horst Kreuter, Geschäftsführer und Thomas Aicher, Chief Chemical Engineer, Vulcan; führte Dr. Etwina Gandert, Chefredakteurin CITplus.
Gut abgemischt
Authors: Hanf Alexander Carl
Published: October 2022

Gasgemische mit Erdgas sind auf dem Vormarsch. Um Brennereinstellungen prüfen und testen zu können, sind variable Gasgemische erforderlich. Eine leistungsfähige Gasmischanlage mischt diese reproduzierbar aus Reingasen.
Für eine nachhaltige Produktionswende
Authors: Kaufmann Tobias
Published: October 2022

Produktion und Nachhaltigkeit – ein bislang geglaubter Widerspruch wird mit dem Vorhaben zur bedarfsorientierten Steuerung von Peripheriesystemen in der Produktion (BeStPeri). Das Projekt liefert einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz zum Prinzip der Circular‐Economy mit einer hohen übertragbarkeit aus der Galvanotechnik in die Produktionstechnik.
Unter einem guten Stern
Authors: Sieß Wolfgang
Published: October 2022

Grußwort zum 25‐jährigen Jubiläum CITplus
Vom Praktiker für Praktiker – das Praxismagazin unserer “Community Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum Silber‐Jubiläum
Authors: Wilk Michael , Kockmann Norbert
Published: October 2022

Grußwort zum 25‐jährigen Jubiläum CITplus
PROTOCOL: Interventions to improve outdoor mobility among adults with disability
Authors: Ringsten Martin , Iwarsson Susanne , Lexell Eva Månsson
Published: October 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: to assess the efficacy of interventions aiming to improve outdoor mobility for people with disability and to explore if the efficacy varies between different populations and different intervention components.
Convergence of bilateral auditory midbrain inputs on neurons in the auditory thalamus of chicken
Authors: Ito Tetsufumi , Ono Munenori , Ohmori Harunori
Published: October 2022

In the avian ascending auditory pathway, the nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis pars dorsalis (MLd; the auditory midbrain center) receives inputs from virtually all lower brainstem auditory nuclei and sends outputs bilaterally to the nucleus ovoidalis (Ov; the auditory thalamic nucleus). Axons from part of the MLd terminate in a particular domain of Ov, thereby suggesting a formation of segregated pathways point‐to‐point from lower brainstem nuclei via MLd to the thalamus. However, it has not yet been demonstrated whether any spatial clustering of thalamic neurons that receive inputs from specific domains of MLd exists. Ov neurons receive input from bilateral MLds; however, the degree of laterality has not been reported yet. In this study, we injected a recombinant avian adeno‐associated virus, a transsynaptic anterograde vector into the MLd of the chick, and analyzed the distribution of labeled postsynaptic neurons on both sides of the Ov. We found that fluorescent protein‐labeled neurons on both sides of the Ov were clustered in domains corresponding to subregions of the MLd. The laterality of projections was calculated as the ratio of neurons labeled by comparing ipsilateral to contralateral projections from the MLd, and it was 1.86 on average, thereby indicating a slight ipsilateral projection dominance. Bilateral inputs from different subdomains of the MLd converged on several single Ov neurons, thereby implying a possibility of a de novo binaural processing of the auditory information in the Ov.
Chalcogen Bonds: How to Characterize Them in Solution?
Authors: Pale Patrick , Mamane Victor
Published: October 2022

Chalcogen bonds (ChBs) occur between molecules containing Lewis acidic chalcogen substituents and Lewis bases. Recently, ChB emerged as a pivotal interaction in solution‐based applications such as anion recognition, anion transport and catalysis. However, before moving to applications, the involvement of ChB must be established in solution. In this Concept article, we provide a brief review of the currently available experimental investigations of ChB in solution.
Benzenetriimide‐Based Molecular Conductor with Antiferro‐ to Ferromagnetic Switching Induced by Structural Change of π‐stacked Array
Authors: Koyama Shohei , Horii Yoji , Sato Tetsu , Takaishi Shinya , Hoshino Norihisa , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Iguchi Hiroaki
Published: October 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Hiroaki Iguchi's group at Tohoku University. The image shows the π‐stack column of BTI‐Me‐based charge transfer complexes with electrical conductivity, and the unique magnetic property reported in the paper, where the interaction between spin switches by the structural change. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200322.
Carbazole‐Derivative‐Based One‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Tube Demonstrating Stimuli‐Responsive Luminescence
Authors: Luo Xin‐Yu , Lu Yu‐Lin , Wang Zheng , Pan Mei
Published: October 2022

An A‐π‐D‐π‐A type carbazole‐derived organic ligand was designed and synthesized, and an intriguing one‐dimensional metal‐organic tube possessing infinite tubular superstructure was successfully constructed and characterized. Inspiringly, it displayed fascinating stimuli‐responses including room‐temperature gasochromic luminescent response for volatile organic compounds and effective fluorescent quenching for nitroaromatic explosives. In particular, the capabilities of selectively detecting 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol showed great potential as a promising fluorescent sensor.
Electrocatalytic Energy Release of Norbornadiene‐Based Molecular Solar Thermal Systems: Tuning the Electrochemical Stability by Molecular Design
Authors: Franz Evanie , Krappmann Daniel , Fromm Lukas , Luchs Tobias , Görling Andreas , Hirsch Andreas , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg
Published: October 2022

Molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems, such as the norbornadiene/quadricyclane (NBD/QC) couple, combine solar energy conversion, storage, and release in a simple one‐photon one‐molecule process. Triggering the energy release electrochemically enables high control of the process, high selectivity, and reversibility. In this work, the influence of the molecular design of the MOST couple on the electrochemically triggered back‐conversion reaction was addressed for the first time. The MOST systems phenyl‐ethyl ester‐NBD/QC (NBD1/QC1) and p‐methoxyphenyl‐ethyl ester‐NBD/QC (NBD2/QC2) were investigated by in‐situ photoelectrochemical infrared spectroscopy, voltammetry, and density functional theory modelling. For QC1, partial decomposition (40 %) was observed upon back‐conversion and along with a voltammetric peak at 0.6 Vfc, which was assigned primarily to decomposition. The back‐conversion of QC2, however, occurred without detectable side products, and the corresponding peak at 0.45 Vfc was weaker by a factor of 10. It was concluded that the electrochemical stability of a NBD/QC couple is easy tunable by simple structural changes. Furthermore, the charge input and, therefore, the current for the electrochemically triggered energy release is very low, which ensures a high overall efficiency of the MOST system.
6G‐based resource utilization framework in software defined hybrid vehicular networks
Authors: Mittal Shilpi , Bali Rasmeet Singh
Published: October 2022

Advanced development in technology raises a huge number of data sources that generate real time data for processing. To process such huge and complex real time data, there is a need for high processing units and more computing resources available at the nearest end, which causes high deployment cost and needs distributed data processing units at different locations. To concern this issue, we proposed a 6G‐based Resource Utilization Framework using SDN in the hybrid vehicular network (HVN). The key objective of this framework is to provide the computing vehicles as resources to complete the task efficiently. Three different technologies are combined into vehicular networks such as Vehicular Fog Computing, Vehicular Edge Computing, and Vehicular Cyber Physical System into integrated HVN. A layered architecture is used to define the data flow and control with the support of SDN and also the fast delivery of data by using 6G cellular communication in the proposed HVN. This scheme uses various algorithms to provide resources through the fast communication between vehicles in Hybrid Vehicular network. An extensive simulation is performed on the proposed scheme using the NS3 simulator. The simulation results outperform the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of various key computing parameters.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Shape‐controlled Cu−Ni Nanocomposite and its Application for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing at Nanomolar Level
Authors: Pang Yuanhao , Xiao Zhourui , Deng Yanan , Zhou Xueying , Wang Yu , Yuan Yali , Zhang Yun
Published: October 2022

The electrodeposition method was firstly applied to obtain uniform cube‐shaped copper nanoparticles on conductive glass (ITO), and then a layer of tiny nickel nanoparticles. A bimetallic composite electrode (Cu−Ni/ITO), characterized by TEM, XPS and XRD, was prepared to construct the non‐enzyme electrochemical glucose sensor with high catalytic activity. The catalytic performance of Cu−Ni/ITO had been greatly improved, probably due to the synergistic bimetallic catalysis effect. The electrode had a satisfactory linear response in the range of 2.5×10−7 M to 2.6×10−3 M, with detection limit as low as 67 nM. Besides, Cu−Ni/ITO had good anti‐interference ability and reproducibility, indicating the promising application for glucose detection in practical samples.
An Improved Model for Circular RNA Overexpression: Using the Actin Intron Reveals High Circularization Efficiency
Authors: Li Feiya , Lyu Juanjuan , Yang Yang , Yang Qiwei , Santos Cristian , Yang Burton B.
Published: October 2022

Traditionally, the group 1 intron of the T4 td gene is used to generate a foreign circular sequence. However, the T4 system has been shown to be fairly inefficient in expressing circular RNA (circRNA). Here, a new method is developed to express circular sequences with high circularization efficiency to strengthen the confidence for future circRNA functional studies. CircRNA expression plasmids, constructed with different lengths derived from the actin intron (15‐nt, 30‐nt, 60‐nt, 100‐nt, 180‐nt) and T4 intron, are introduced into human and mouse cell lines 293T and B16. Junction detection and sequencing are used to determine successful circularization of introns and their expression efficiencies. An actin intron with a medium length (60‐nt–100‐nt) shows significantly increased efficiency of circularization, whereas intron‐100‐nt shows the best efficiency in most conditions. RNA pull‐down assays are designed to precipitate the splicing factors that are bound to the introns and intron/exon junction. The precipitated proteins are analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS), aiming to identify the possible underlying mechanism behind the high circularization efficiency. This expression system has been validated using different circRNAs, and such method shows potential in contributing to the expanding field of circRNA studies.
Heat and mass transfer of MHD Jeffrey nanofluid flow through a porous media past an inclined plate with chemical reaction, radiation, and Soret effects
Authors: Haritha A. , Vishali B. , Venkata Lakshmi C.
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates the heat and mass transfer of an unsteady, magnetohydrodynamic incompressible water‐based nanofluid (Cu and TiO2) flow over a stretching sheet in a transverse magnetic field with thermal radiation Soret effects in the presence of heat source and chemical reaction. The governing differential equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and solved using a regular perturbation technique with appropriate boundary conditions for various physical parameters. The effects of different physical parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are depicted graphically and analyzed in detail. Finally, numerical values of the physical quantities, such as the local skin‐friction coefficient, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number, are presented in tabular form. It is concluded that the resultant velocity reduces with increasing Jeffrey parameter and magnetic field parameter. Results describe that the velocity and temperature diminish with enhancing the thermal radiation. Both velocity and concentration are enhanced with increases of the Soret parameter. Also, it is noticed that the solutal boundary layer thickness decreases with an increase in chemical reaction parameters. This is because chemical molecular diffusivity reduces for higher values of chemical reaction parameter. Also, water‐based TiO2 nanofluids possess higher velocity than water‐based Cu nanofluids. Comparisons with previously published work performed and the results are found to be in excellent agreement. This fluid flow model has several industrial applications in the field of chemical, polymer, medical science, and so forth.
Dual solution of heat transfer in hydromagnetic micropolar fluid flow over a stretching sheet in a porous media: A numerical approach
Authors: Hussain Mayzul A. , Ahmed Sahin
Published: October 2022

In this study, the researcher looks at the heat transmission of an incompressible magnetohydrodynamics micropolar fluid across a moving stretched surface in a Darcian permeable medium. The proper boundary conditions are used to facilitate the numerical solution (bvp4c) of the transformed governing equations. Graphical discussions have been made of the influence of the physical parameters on the velocity, angular velocity (microrotation), and temperature, and the distributions are accentuated on the plots via MATLAB. The study is validated by the previous work and it is found appropriate for investigation, where the absolute difference between the previous work and the present investigation by adopting the finite difference scheme is smaller than which implies that the scheme is stable and convergent. The microrotation has a great impact on the micropolar fluid with the influences of buoyancy forces, source, and suction over the stretching surface in a Darcian regime. With a rise in the heat source parameter, both velocity and microrotational profiles lessen, but the opposite is true for temperature. Eringen number () rises with the flow velocity, whereas temperature and microrotational profiles show the reverse relationship. The current study focused on particular applications in non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics, polymer flows in filtration systems and metallurgical procedures that included cooling unbroken strips or filaments via a static fluid.
The Economic Burden of Severe Osteoporotic Fractures in the French Healthcare Database: The FRACTOS Study
Authors: Thomas Thierry , Tubach Florence , Bizouard Geoffray , Crochard Anne , Maurel Frédérique , Perrin Laure , Collin Cédric , Roux Christian , Paccou Julien
Published: October 2022

Osteoporosis carries a high medical, economic, and societal burden principally because of the risk of severe fractures. The objective of this cost-of-illness study was to describe health resource utilization and associated costs in all patients aged ≥50 years hospitalized for a severe osteoporotic fracture over a 6-year period (2009 to 2014) in France. Data were extracted from the French national healthcare database (SNDS) on all health care resource utilization between the index date (date of hospitalization for first fracture during the enrollment period) and study end (December 31, 2016) or until the patient died. Costing was restricted to direct costs and determined from the payer perspective. Variables related to costs were identified through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 356,895 patients were included (median follow-up 39.1 months). In the year after the index fracture, 36,622 patients (10.5%) were rehospitalized for a fracture-related reason. Only 18,474 (5.3%) underwent bone densitometry and 58,220 (16.7%) received a specific treatment. The total annual per capita osteoporosis-related cost in the year after the index severe osteoporotic fracture was €18,040 (from €8598 for multiple ribs to €21,085 for hip fracture) of which €17,905 was incurred by fracture-related costs. The cost incurred by management of osteoporosis was €135. Over years 2 to 5, the mean annual per capita costs of fracture treatment (€806, mostly attributable to the treatment of refractures) continued to dominate those of osteoporosis management (€99). Total annual cost of care was €1260 million (year 2014). Variables associated with higher cost were older age, male sex, site of fracture, a history of prior osteoporotic fracture, and the number of refracture events. The 5-year cost of severe osteoporotic fractures to the French health care system is high and mostly attributable to the treatment of refractures. Improved fracture prevention measures in patients with osteoporosis is crucial to reduce the economic burden of the disease. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI and Doppler sonography in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck treated with induction chemotherapy
Authors: Chawla Sanjeev , Loevner Laurie , Mohan Suyash , Lin Alexander , Sehgal Chandra M. , Poptani Harish
Published: October 2022

In view of the inherent limitations associated with performing dynamic contrast enhanced‐magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in clinical settings, current study was designed to provide a proof of principle that Doppler sonography and DCE‐MRI derived perfusion parameters yield similar hemodynamic information from metastatic lymph nodes in squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck (HNSCCs). Strong positive correlations between volume fraction of plasma space in tissues (Vp) and blood volume (r = 0.72, p = 0.02) and between Vp and %area perfused (r = 0.65, p = 0.04) were observed. Additionally, a moderate positive correlation trending towards significance was obtained between volume transfer constant (Ktrans) and %area perfused (r = 0.49, p = 0.09).
Warmer incubation temperatures and later lay‐orders lead to shorter telomere lengths in wood duck (Aix sponsa) ducklings
Authors: Hope Sydney F. , Angelier Frédéric , Ribout Cécile , Groffen Jordy , Kennamer Robert A. , Hopkins William A.
Published: October 2022

The environment that animals experience during development shapes phenotypic expression. In birds, two important aspects of the early‐developmental environment are lay‐order sequence and incubation. Later‐laid eggs tend to produce weaker offspring, sometimes with compensatory mechanisms to accelerate their growth rate to catch‐up to their siblings. Further, small decreases in incubation temperature slow down embryonic growth rates and lead to wide‐ranging negative effects on many posthatch traits. Recently, telomeres, noncoding DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes, have been recognized as a potential proxy for fitness because longer telomeres are positively related to lifespan and individual quality in many animals, including birds. Although telomeres appear to be mechanistically linked to growth rate, little is known about how incubation temperature and lay‐order may influence telomere length. We incubated wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggs at two ecologically‐relevant temperatures (34.9°C and 36.2°C) and measured telomere length at hatch and 1 week after. We found that ducklings incubated at the lower temperature had longer telomeres than those incubated at the higher temperature both at hatch and 1 week later. Further, we found that later‐laid eggs produced ducklings with shorter telomeres than those laid early in the lay‐sequence, although lay‐order was not related to embryonic developmental rate. This study contributes to our broader understanding of how parental effects can affect telomere length early in life. More work is needed to determine if these effects on telomere length persist until adulthood, and if they are associated with effects on fitness in this precocial species.
Role of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound in regulating macrophage polarization to accelerate tendon–bone interface repair
Authors: Xu Zihan , Li Shengcan , Wan Liyang , Hu Jianzhong , Lu Hongbin , Zhang Tao
Published: October 2022

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been proven to accelerate the healing of the tendon–bone interface (TBI), and macrophages are considered to play an important regulatory role. This study was designed to explore the polarization of macrophages during treatment of TBI injury with LIPUS. In a rat model of rotator cuff tear, LIPUS or mock sonication (controls) was administered from 1 week postoperatively. The supraspinatus–supraspinatus tendon‐humerus complexes were harvested for further evaluation at different time points for measures such as new bone formation, TBI maturity, ultimate failure load and stiffness, and types of macrophages. In vitro, bone marrow‐derived macrophages were cultured, and polarization was identified after stimulation with or without LIPUS (the LIPUS or control groups, respectively). Two weeks posttreatment, the LIPUS group showed higher bone volume/total volume ratios and better TBI maturity scores. Six weeks posttreatment, the failure load of the LIPUS group was significantly higher than that of the control group. LIPUS also accelerated initial inflammatory macrophage accumulation and facilitated anti‐inflammatory macrophage polarization (M2) in the late period. In the in vitro macrophage polarization model, the LIPUS group showed a higher proportion of M2 macrophages and mRNA expression of anti‐inflammatory genes than the control group, while there was no significant difference in the proinflammatory macrophages between the two groups. Our observations revealed that macrophage polarization may be a potential mechanism of LIPUS treatment for TBI repair.
Longitudinal neuroplasticity after ankle sprain in mice: A voxel‐based morphometry study on 11.7T MRI
Authors: Xue Xiao'ao , Zhang Yuwen , Tao Weichu , Wei Lei , Li Qianru , Ma Tengjia , Xu Xiaoyun , Wang Yiran , Gu Xicheng , Xu Zhangran , Wang He , Hua Yinghui
Published: October 2022

Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) might lead to joint sensory deafferentation, which induces maladaptive neuroplasticity, especially the morphological atrophy of the cerebellar vermis. However, longitudinal evidence on the causality of injury and neural differences is still lacking. To this end, this study aimed to determine whether the morphology of the central nervous system would be altered before and after ligament transection in LAS mouse models. A total of 40 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided among the LAS, Sham and Blank groups. We repeatedly performed the balance beam test and neural voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) measurements using an 11.7 T magnetic resonance imaging before and 2 months after the surgery. The results showed that for balance outcomes, the LAS group had a significantly longer time and more slips of the balance beam tests compared with the Sham and Blank groups at 2 months after surgery, with no significant difference among the three groups before surgery. Regarding the VBM analysis, the LAS group showed significantly lower VBM values in the central lobule III of the cerebellar vermis and medial amygdalar nucleus (MEA) compared with the Sham and Blank groups after surgery, with no significant difference among the three groups before surgery. In conclusion, lateral ligament injuries might lead to morphological atrophy of the cerebellar vermis in animal models, which might pave the way for the pathological process of ankle instability after LAS.
Development and trial of an instrument to evaluate accredited pharmacists' clinical home medicines review reports in Australia
Authors: Patounas Marea , Lau Esther T. L. , Rigby Deborah , Chan Vincent , Nissen Lisa M.
Published: October 2022

In Australia, clinical reports are written by an accredited pharmacist following in‐home patient consultations as part of a home medicines review (HMR). These reports communicate clinical findings and recommendations to the patient's general practitioner to optimise medicines and improve patient health. However, it is unknown if clinical HMR reports adhere to practice guidelines. This study aimed to develop an instrument from Australian practice guidelines, and then test the instrument by evaluating a small sample of clinical HMR reports written by accredited pharmacists. An instrument was developed from a consolidation of HMR practice guidelines and then applied to a small sample of de‐identified clinical HMR reports provided by accredited pharmacists. The instrument developed contained 30 criteria for clinical HMR report writing, and 20 HMR reports were evaluated from 12 accredited pharmacists. Seven of the 30 criteria were met by all clinical HMR reports evaluated (were consumer‐focused, documented a medicines list, medicines strengths, medicines directions, medication‐related problems, and included both evidence‐based and clinical recommendations for optimising medicines management). However, of the 20 HMR reports evaluated only 30% (n = 6) documented the general practitioner's reason for HMR referral, 60% (n = 12) detailed allergies/adverse drug reactions, 50% (n = 10) documented an adherence statement, and 20% (n = 4) documented vaccination status. Clinical HMR reports evaluated in this small study were aligned with practice guidelines for some criteria. Future research is warranted in a larger study to further investigate clinical HMR report writing adherence to practice guidelines in Australia.
Late Pleniglacial – Late Glacial climate oscillations detected in the organic lacustrine succession at the Lipowo site, north‐eastern Poland
Authors: Rychel Joanna , Sokołowski Robert J. , Sieradz Dominika , Hrynowiecka Anna , Mirosław‐Grabowska Joanna , Sienkiewicz Elwira , Niska Monika , Szymanek Marcin , Zbucki Łukasz , Ciołko Urszula , Rogóż‐Matyszczak Anna
Published: October 2022

The profile of the Lipowo palaeolake (NE Poland) preserves a record of environmental and climate changes from the Last Glacial Termination (16.5k cal ka BP), stretching from the Oldest Dryas to the youngest Allerød warm oscillation. In this interdisciplinary study of the lacustrine succession at Lipowo, we used biological and geochemical indicators and multiproxy analyses to reconstruct environmental changes in the lake ecosystem, such as mollusc, zooplankton and vegetation development, trophic state, water temperature and water level. Four cold and four warm climate oscillations of different durations were identified on this basis: the Older Dryas climate deterioration and two short‐term coolings within the Allerød Interstadial, separated by warm periods in the Bølling and Allerød. The covering of the lake series by diamicton deposits from the melting of dead‐ice blocks is a particularly interesting and rare phenomenon for a postglacial area. The hydrological system of the catchment was generally closed, with a periodically opening and existing flow‐through lake. Over the period of the lake's existence, vegetation changed in general from steppe tundra to forest with birch and pine. For most of this time, the palaeolake was mainly oligotrophic, with increased productivity and a higher trophic level only notable during the middle Bølling.
Emerging Concepts in Iodine Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Kumru Baris , Antonietti Markus
Published: October 2022

Controlled radical polymerization corresponds to variety of synthetic strategies that aim the generation of precise macromolecular architectures. Iodine transfer polymerization (ITP) is one of the oldest methods to conduct controlled radical polymerization; however, it seems to have lost visibility compared to other popular techniques. It relies on utilization of iodine species in reversible deactivation kinetics, and it has some significant advantages compared to other methods. Its simplicity, minimized toxicity, metal‐free nature, no coloring on final product, and ease of purification provide widespread applicability, even in industry. In this perspective, the basics of ITP are re‐introduced, and emerging technologies (heterophase polymerization, photoinitiation, and sustainability) in ITP are discussed.
Molecular mechanism(s) of regulations of cancer stem cell in brain cancer propagation
Authors: Swati Kumari , Agrawal Kirti , Raj Sibi , Kumar Rajeev , Prakash Anand , Kumar Dhruv
Published: October 2022

Brain tumors are most often diagnosed with solid neoplasms and are the primary reason for cancer‐related deaths in both children and adults worldwide. With recent developments in the progression of novel targeted chemotherapies, the prognosis of malignant glioma remains dismal. However, the high recurrence rate and high mortality rate remain unresolved and are closely linked to the biological features of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Research on tumor biology has reached a new age with more understanding of CSC features. CSCs, a subpopulation of whole tumor cells, are now regarded as candidate therapeutic targets. Therefore, in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, recognizing the biological properties of CSCs is of considerable significance. Here, we have discussed the concept of CSCs and their significant role in brain cancer growth and propagation. We have also discussed personalized therapeutic development and immunotherapies for brain cancer by specifically targeting CSCs.