bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling the effects of perceived system quality and personal innovativeness on the intention to use metaverse: a structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Alshammari Sultan Hammad , Alshammari Mohammed Habib
Published: October 2024

The metaverse, an interactive and immersive 3D virtual environment, has recently become popular and is widely used in several fields, including education. However, the successful use of metaverse relies on the extent to which users intend to adopt and use it. Close examination of this critical issue reveals a lack of research that examines the effects of certain factors on users’ intentions toward using metaverses. Thus, this study extends the technology acceptance model by integrating two constructs—perceived system quality and students’ personal innovativeness. Using a survey to collect data, 164 responses were received from students at the University of Ha’il in Saudi Arabia. Two steps in structural equation modelling (SEM) using the AMOS software were applied to analyse the data and test the research hypotheses. The results revealed that perceived system quality had a significant effect on students’ intentions to use metaverses through perceived ease of use. Furthermore, personal innovativeness had a significant effect on students’ intentions through the perceived usefulness of the metaverse. In addition, perceived usefulness affected students’ intentions to use a metaverse. Surprisingly, perceived ease of use had an insignificant effect on students’ intentions to use the metaverse. Although the proposed model and its findings contribute to the technology acceptance model (TAM) literature, the study’s practical value is significant because it can help educational policymakers and authorities to understand the effect of each factor and plan future strategies. Additionally, the findings of this study can assist practitioners, designers, and developers in designing and promoting the utilisation of metaverses.
Bivalve microbiomes are shaped by host species, size, parasite infection, and environment
Authors: Gignoux-Wolfsohn Sarah , Garcia Ruiz Monserrat , Portugal Barron Diana , Ruiz Gregory , Lohan Katrina
Published: October 2024

Many factors affect an organism’s microbiome including its environment, proximity to other organisms, and physiological condition. As filter feeders, bivalves have highly plastic microbiomes that are especially influenced by the surrounding seawater, yet they also maintain a unique core set of microbes. Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, we characterized the bacterial microbiomes of four species of bivalves native to the Mid-Atlantic East Coast of North America: Crassostrea virginica, Macoma balthica, Ameritella mitchelli, and Ischadium recurvum and assessed the impact of their external environment, internal parasites, and size on their microbial communities. We found significant differences in bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) across species, with each species harboring a core ASV present across all individuals. We further found that some C. virginica co-cultured with I. recurvum had high abundances of the I. recurvum core ASV. We identified ASVs associated with infection by the parasites Perkinsus marinus and Zaops ostreum as well others associated with bivalve size. Several of these ASV are candidates for further investigation as potential probiotics, as they were found positively correlated with bivalve size and health. This research represents the first description of the microbiomes of A. mitchelli, I. recurvum, and M. balthica. We document that all four species have highly plastic microbiomes, while maintaining certain core bacteria, with important implications for growth, health, and adaptation to new environments.
GERAÇÃO OU GENERALIZAÇÃO?
Authors: Machado Manuela , Rosa Simone Carvalho da , Barth Mauricio
Published: October 2024

Os recortes geracionais são usados para dividir a sociedade em grupos desde o período pós-guerra. Este conceito é usado de forma recorrente como método para mapear tendências, e, também, como base para que marcas criem as suas estratégias de comunicação. Com base neste contexto, o artigo tem como objetivo investigar e analisar a percepção de profissionais que atuam na área de comunicação sobre o uso destes recortes para parametrizar e compreender o público-alvo para o desenvolvimento de campanhas de marcas. Para atender a este objetivo, adotou-se o método exploratório e descritivo; como procedimento técnico, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo por meio de quatro entrevistas com profissionais de comunicação. Por meio da amostra, identificou-se que, isolado, o conceito de gerações é frágil para compreender totalmente um público. Se este for o único dado levado em consideração, pode apresentar distorções, mostrando-se incerto para uma real compreensão do comportamento do público que a marca deseja se relacionar. Ficou evidenciado que a proposta dos recortes geracionais é representar um grande grupo de pessoas nascidas na mesma época; no entanto, em muitas situações, as gerações podem resultar na criação de estereótipos que não refletem todas as nuances comportamentais existentes na sociedade atual, uma vez que a classificação das gerações baseia-se em generalizações.
Allelopathic Effects of Residues of Fimbristylis dichotoma Along with Manures and Fertilizers on the Weed Growth in Boro Rice
Authors: Mia Md. Liton , Hossain Md. Rakib , Chandro Sujon , Sarker Anup Kumar , Zahedi Md. Shabab , Bappy Nahid Hasan , Zaman Farhana , Hasan Ahmed Khairul , Salam Md. Abdus , Islam Md. Shafiqul
Published: October 2024

Currently, the rice-growing system seeks a biological solution to reduce the negative impacts of chemical herbicides because it is heavily reliant on these for weed control. This is where allelopathy comes in; it's a potential substitute for conventional weed management strategies in rice cultivation by making use of allelopathic plant residues. In the study we used Fimbristylis dichotoma residues with several organic sources of nutrient to measure the integrated effect of manures, fertilizers, and Fimbristylis dichotoma residues on weed growth in boro rice field. Two rice varieties viz., BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan89; and six treatments total viz., Control (T1), Residues @ 3 t ha-1 + Recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers (T2), Residues @ 3 t ha-1 + Tricho-compost @5 t ha-1 (T3), Residues @ 3 t ha-1 + Tricho-compost @1.5 t ha-1 + 25% less than recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers (T4), Residues @ 3 t ha-1 + Tricho-compost @2.5 t ha-1 + 50% less than recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers (T5) and Residues @ 3 t ha-1 + Tricho-compost @3.75 t ha-1 + 75% less than recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers (T6) were taken. In the experiment, at 25 DAT (days after transplanting), BRRI dhan89 had the highest weed density (35.0) when no residue was applied, and BRRI dhan29 had the lowest (18.00) when 3 t ha-1 F. dichotoma residue with Tricho-compost @ 1.5 t ha-1 + 25% less than recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers were applied. At 55 DAT, BRRI dhan89 had the highest weed density (19.66) when no residue was administered, and the lowest (10.66) when 3 t ha-1 F. dichotoma residue was applied along with Tricho-compost @ 1.5 t ha-1 + 25% less than recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers. When it came to dry weight, at 25 DAT, BRRI dhan89 had the highest weed dry weight (3.76 g) when no residue was applied, and BRRI dhan29 had the lowest (1.72 g) when 3 t ha-1 F. dichotoma residue with Tricho-compost @1.5 t ha-1 + 25% less than recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers were applied. At 55 DAT, BRRI dhan89 had the highest weed dry weight (2.29 g) when no residue was sprayed, and the lowest (1.46 g) when 3 t ha-1 F. dichotoma residue with Tricho-compost @ 1.5 t ha-1 + 25% less than recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers were applied. The study's findings suggest that applying F. dichotoma residue and incorporating Tricho-compost @ 1.5 t ha-1 + 25% less than the recommended amounts of inorganic fertilizers may be able to suppress the growth of weeds and could a package in biological weed control strategy.
Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Application at Early Tillering, Panicle Initiation and Flowering Stages on the Yield and Yield Attributes of Boro Rice
Authors: Uddin Md. Mejbah , Rahman Md. Arifur
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen splitting on the yield and yield attributes of boro rice, with particular emphasis on critical growth stages including early tillering, panicle initiation and flowering stages. The experiment was executed at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, from December 2022 to May 2023. The experiment setup was demonstrated using a split plot design, incorporating three replications. Two factors were determined for the experiment: the first included three different watering schedules aiming critical growth stages: early tillering (I1), early tillering and flowering (I2), and early tillering, panicle initiation and flowering panicle initiation (I3). The second factor was distinct nitrogen splitting techniques, which consisted of four levels: control (N0), 138 kg N ha-1 as basal (N1), 69 kg N ha-1 at early tillering and flowering stages (N2), and 46 kg N ha-1 at early tillering, panicle initiation and flowering stages (N3). The highest reading of chlorophyll content was noticed in I3 along with productive tillers (15.67), grains (115.25) and yield outcome (4.44 t ha-1). Regarding nitrogen application, the greatest chlorophyll content, number of functional tillers (13.32), productive grains (112.44) panicle-1 and grain yield (4.48 t ha-1) was recorded in treatment N3. Therefore, the research finding suggest that the application of water at early tillering, panicle initiation and flowering stages along with the application of 46 kg N ha-1 will be helpful to maximize the production of rice in drought prone areas. This approach not only maximizes yield but also helps to mitigate water wastages associated with excessive irrigation.
Geographic Information System to Study the Spatial Distribution of Cotton Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelichiidae) in Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: M. Pushpalatha, , S. T. Aghav, , S. B. Kharbade, , C. S. Patil, , A. S. Gadge,
Published: October 2024

The present study was undertaken to develop risk assessment maps through Geographic Information System (GIS) which is a very powerful tool to organize and process spatial data, making foundation in decision making. The processing and analysis of surveillance data of incidence of P. gossypiella was carried out in ‘ArcGIS 10.4’ software. Studying the pest population distribution using spatio-temporal maps help us to gain the knowledge regarding the tempo of pest population distribution and correlating the same with different weather parameters will help us to understand the factors affecting the population distribution.
Assessment of Constraints and Suggestion Insights from Beneficiaries of Centrally Sponsored Agricultural Schemes: A study of PKVY, PMKSY and SHC in Vidarbha Region of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Jose Asha Elizabeth , Tekale V. S. , Koshti N. R. , Wakle P. K. , Walke R. D. , Shende N. V. , Khadse V. A.
Published: October 2024

The present study focused on assessing the constraints faced by the beneficiaries of centrally sponsored agricultural schemes namely Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY), Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), and the Soil Health Card Scheme (SHC) and invited suggestions from them to overcome the constraints. For the proposed study, 60 beneficiary farmers were selected from Amravati districts and 60 beneficiary farmers were selected from Buldhana districts in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra for each scheme. Thus, for the three schemes, a total of 360 beneficiary farmers were selected. In the case of PKVY beneficiaries, the major constraints faced were lack of proper marketing channel for organic produce, lack of sustainability in the reduction of cost of organic cultivation and reduced productivity of organic farm produce even after conversion period. Whereas, in the case of constraint faced by PMKSY beneficiaries, the first constraint faced by the beneficiary was longer time for getting the subsidy credited, followed by lack of increase in the sources of irrigation and load shedding of electricity. In the case SHC beneficiaries, the major constraint faced were long time gap between soil sample collection and issuing SHC, difficulty to comprehend the information and follow the recommendations provided in SHC and lack of effective training and demonstrations provided to farmers about soil health. In the case of PKVY beneficiaries, majority of them (74.17%) gave the suggestion for establishment of proper marketing channel for organic produce, followed by 34.17 per cent of them suggested the strengthening of farmer groups and developing them into Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs). Whereas in the case of PMKSY beneficiaries, 84.17 per cent of them suggested to ensure timely crediting of subsidies, followed by expansion of irrigation infrastructure through the construction of water harvesting structures such as check dams, farm ponds, tanks and bore wells (59.16%). In the case of SHC beneficiaries, majority of them (85.83%) gave the suggestion to speed up the process of issuing Soil Health Cards and 71.66 per cent suggested for training programs and field level demonstrations focused on soil health and the practical application of SHC recommendations to improve farmers' knowledge and skills.
An Indigenous Soil Bacterium Facilitates the Mitigation of Rocky Desertification in Carbonate Mining Areas
Authors: Wu Yanwen , Zhang Jinchi , Guo Xiaoping
Published: June 2017

Carbonate minerals are extensively distributed across China, and their special rock structures make them vulnerable to land damage through mining, leading to rocky desertification. Soil microorganisms play an important role in mineral weathering. However, little is known about the utilization of the mineral‐weathering microorganisms to alleviate the problem of rocky desertification in mines. In the present study, the mineral‐solubilizing bacterium NL‐11 was isolated from soil around weathered dolostones and identified as Bacillus thuringiensis based on the Biolog identification system and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The mineral dissolution experiments revealed that inoculation with the live bacterium significantly increased the mineral sample dissolution via significantly enhancing Ca and Mg release, with increase values of 303·27 and 50·55 mg L−1 respectively, compared with that with the inactivated bacterium. Moreover, the acetic acid secreted by strain NL‐11 markedly decreased the size of particle diameter (quantified with a laser diffraction particle size analyser) through reducing pH value. The eroded traces were observed by scanning electron microscopy analysis, and the results further verified the erosional effects of this strain. In addition, this bacterium contributed to the establishment and proliferation of plants by providing nutrient elements, such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Our study not only provided an efficient bacterial strain NL‐11 but also enriched the technologies to mitigate problems associated with ecological restorations of carbonate mines. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser-induced microstructures on silicon for laser-driven acceleration experiments
Authors: Ebert Tina , Neumann Nico W. , Abel Torsten , Schaumann Gabriel , Roth Markus
Published: June 2017

Ultrashort laser pulses are used to create surface structures on thin ($25~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$) silicon (Si) wafers. Scanning the wafer with a galvanometric mirror system creates large homogeneously structured areas. The variety of structure shapes that can be generated with this method is exemplified by the analysis of shape, height and distance of structures created in the ambient media air and isopropanol. A study of the correlation between structure height and remaining wafer thickness is presented. The comparatively easy manufacturing technique and the structure variety that allows for custom-tailored targets show great potential for high repetition rate ion acceleration experiments.
Rising internet-based trade in the Critically Endangered ploughshare tortoise Astrochelys yniphora in Indonesia highlights need for improved enforcement of CITES
Authors: Morgan John , Chng Serene
Published: June 2017

The Critically Endangered ploughshare tortoise Astrochelys yniphora, endemic to Madagascar, is one of the rarest tortoises. Despite its protection under Malagasy national law and featuring in Appendix I of CITES, heightened interest from reptile collectors over recent decades has expedited the scale of poaching to critical levels. Illegal traders are now turning to online retail platforms and social media to sell this species. We present data from a 5-month study conducted by TRAFFIC in 2015 of online trade in ploughshare tortoises in Indonesia during 2010–2015. We identified 88 advertisements selling 126 ploughshare tortoises from 49 sellers. Fifty-six percent of the advertisements were located on forums or online retail sites and 43% on social media. Since 2012 advertisements on social media increased steadily, to > 90% in 2015. Seventy-five percent of the advertisements were from sellers based in Indonesia, 74% of which were from Jakarta. Prices were USD 509–47,000. The internet provides Indonesian traders with a means to sell protected wildlife comparatively safely and easily. The abundance of illegally sourced ploughshare tortoises openly on offer in online trade in Indonesia highlights a disregard for the law among Indonesian importers and their exporting counterparts. A re-evaluation by CITES of Indonesia's existing legislation is necessary. Devoid of a sound legal framework and sufficient enforcement to uphold these laws, there is no deterrent for traders of ploughshare tortoises and other non-native, CITES-listed species.
The association between adolescent psychopathology and subsequent physical activity in young adulthood: a 21-year birth cohort study
Authors: Suetani S. , Mamun A. , Williams G. M. , Najman J. M. , McGrath J. J. , Scott J. G.
Published: June 2017

Background

The beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) for both physical and mental wellbeing are well established. Given that adolescence presents a critical developmental period during which life-long patterns of PA become established, the exploration of the longitudinal impact of adolescent psychopathology on adult PA status is of interest.

Methods

We analysed prospective data from 3663 young adults who participated in the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy. Psychopathology was measured using the Youth Self-Report (YSR) at age 14. Participants’ engagement in three types of PA (vigorous exercise, moderate exercise and walking) at age 21 were dichotomised into either ‘none’ or ‘any’. For our main analysis, we examined the association between the YSR score and subsequent PA engagement using logistic regression. We also conducted sensitivity analyses of longitudinal associations between the YSR internalising and externalising symptoms score at age 14 and PA engagement at age 21.

Results

We found no longitudinal association between the total YSR score at age 14 and PA engagement at age 21. In addition, there was no longitudinal association between the YSR internalising or externalising symptoms and PA engagement.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that there is no longitudinal association between adolescent psychopathology and PA in young adulthood.
Is there a decline in bovine spongiform encephalopathy cases born after reinforced feed bans? A modelling study in EU member states
Authors: ARNOLD M. E. , SIMONS R. R. L. , HOPE J. , GIBBENS N. , ADKIN A. L.
Published: June 2017

Occasional cases of classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) still continue to occur within the European Union (EU) for animals born after reinforced feed bans (BARBs), which should in theory have eliminated all risk of infection. The study aimed to determine (i) whether a common rate of decline of BSE infection was evident across EU member states, i.e. to determine whether control measures have been equally effective in all member states, (ii) whether there was any evidence of spontaneous occurrence of BSE in the data and (iii) the expected date for the last BSE case in UK. It was found that there was no significant difference in the rate of decline of BSE prevalence between member states, with a common rate of decline of 33·9% per annum (95% CI 30·9–37%) in successive annual birth cohorts. Trend analysis indicated an ultimate decline to 0 prevalence, suggesting that spontaneous occurrence does not explain the majority of cases. Projecting forward the trends from the back-calculation model indicated that there was approximately a 50% probability of further cases in the UK, and should the current rate of decline continue, there remains the possibility of further occasional cases up until 2026.
Assessing Coagulation by Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in Rivaroxaban-Anticoagulated Blood Using Hemostatic Agents
Authors: Bar Jonathan , David Alexa , Khader Tarek , Mulcare Mary , Tedeschi Christopher
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is increasingly common. However, therapies for reversing anticoagulation in the event of hemorrhage are limited. This study investigates the ability of hemostatic agents to improve the coagulation of rivaroxaban-anticoagulated blood, as measured by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM).

Hypothesis/Problem

If a chitosan-based hemostatic agent (Celox), which works independently of the clotting cascade, is applied to rivaroxaban-anticoagulated blood, it should improve coagulation by decreasing clotting time (CT), decreasing clot formation time (CFT), and increasing maximum clot firmness (MCF). If a kaolin-based hemostatic agent (QuikClot Combat Gauze), which works primarily by augmenting the clotting cascade upstream of factor Xa (FXa), is applied to rivaroxaban-anticoagulated blood, it will not be effective at improving coagulation.

Methods

Patients (age >18 years; non-pregnant) on rivaroxaban, presenting to the emergency department (ED) at two large, university-based medical centers, were recruited. Subjects (n=8) had blood drawn and analyzed using ROTEM with and without the presence of a kaolin-based and a chitosan-based hemostatic agent. The percentage of patients whose ROTEM parameters responded to the hemostatic agent and percent changes in coagulation parameters were calculated.

Results

Data points analyzed included: CT, CFT, and MCF. Of the samples treated with a kaolin-based hemostatic agent, seven (87.5%) showed reductions in CT, eight (100.0%) showed reductions in CFT, and six (75.0%) showed increases in MCF. The average percent change in CT, CFT, and MCF for all patients was 32.5% (Standard Deviation [SD]: 286; Range:-75.3 to 740.7%); -66.0% (SD:14.4; Range: -91.4 to -44.1%); and 4.70% (SD: 6.10; Range: -4.8 to 15.1%), respectively. The corresponding median percent changes were -68.1%, -64.0%, and 5.2%. Of samples treated with a chitosan-based agent, six (75.0%) showed reductions in CT, three (37.5%) showed reductions in CFT, and five (62.5%) showed increases in MCF. The average percent changes for CT, CFT, and MCF for all patients were 165.0% (SD: 629; Range:-96.9 to 1718.5%); 139.0% (SD: 174; Range: -83.3 to 348.0%); and -8.38% (SD: 32.7; Range:-88.7 to 10.4%), respectively. The corresponding median percent changes were -53.7%, 141.8%, and 3.0%.

Conclusions

Rotational thromboelastometry detects changes in coagulation parameters caused by hemostatics applied to rivaroxaban-anticoagulated blood. These changes trended in the direction towards improved coagulability, suggesting that kaolin-based and chitosan-based hemostatics may be effective at improving coagulation in these patients.

BarJ, DavidA, KhaderT, MulcareM, TedeschiC. Assessing coagulation by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in rivaroxaban-anticoagulated blood using hemostatic agents. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(5):580–587.
ADAM SMITH’S THEORY OF MONEY AND BANKING
Authors: Curott Nicholas A.
Published: June 2017

This paper addresses a long-running debate in the economics literature—the debate over Adam Smith’s theory of money and banking—and argues that recent reinterpretations of Smith’s monetary theory have erroneously diverted historians of monetary thought from the correct, but briefly articulated, initial interpretations of Henry Thornton (1802) and Jacob Viner (1937). Smith did not present either the real-bills theory or a price-specie-flow theory of banknote regulation, as is now generally presumed, but rather a reflux theory based upon the premise that the demand for money is fixed at a particular nominal quantity. Smith’s theory denies that an excess supply of money can ordinarily make it into the domestic nominal income stream or influence prices or employment.
Effect of aripiprazole lauroxil in patients with acute schizophrenia as assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale—supportive analyses from a Phase 3 study
Authors: Citrome Leslie , Risinger Robert , Cutler Andrew J. , Du Yangchun , Zummo Jacqueline , Nasrallah Henry A. , Silverman Bernard L.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Aripiprazole lauroxil (AL) is a long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotic that was evaluated for the treatment of schizophrenia in a randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 study. Here, we present exploratory analyses of supportive efficacy endpoints.

Methods

Patients experiencing an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia received AL 441 mg intramuscularly (IM), AL 882 mg IM, or matching placebo IM monthly. Supportive endpoints included changes from baseline at subsequent time points in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale score; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total score; PANSS Positive, Negative, and General Psychopathology subscale scores; PANSS Marder factors (post hoc); and PANSS responder rate. Overall response rate, based on PANSS Total score and Clinical Global Impression–Improvement (CGI-I) scale score, was also analyzed.

Results

Of 622 patients who were randomized, 596 had ≥1 post-baseline PANSS score. Patients were markedly ill at baseline (mean PANSS Total scores 92–94). Compared with placebo, CGI-S scores; PANSS Positive, Negative, and General Psychopathology subscale scores; and PANSS Marder factors were all significantly (p<0.001) improved by Day 85 with both AL doses, with significantly lower scores starting from Day 8 in most instances. Treatment response rates were significantly (p<0.001) greater with both doses of AL vs placebo.

Conclusion

AL demonstrated robust efficacy on CGI-S score, PANSS subscale scores, PANSS Marder factors, and response rates. Study limitations included use of a fixed dose for initial oral aripiprazole and fixed monthly AL doses without the option to individualize the oral initiation dosing or injection frequency for efficacy, tolerability, or safety.
Paying for convenience: comparing the cost of takeaway meals with their healthier home-cooked counterparts in New Zealand
Authors: Mackay Sally , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Xie Pei , Lee Amanda , Swinburn Boyd
Published: June 2017

Objective

Convenience and cost impact on people’s meal decisions. Takeaway and pre-prepared foods save preparation time but may contribute to poorer-quality diets. Analysing the impact of time on relative cost differences between meals of varying convenience contributes to understanding the barrier of time to selecting healthy meals.

Design

Six popular New Zealand takeaway meals were identified from two large national surveys and compared with similar, but healthier, home-made and home-assembled meals that met nutrition targets consistent with New Zealand Eating and Activity Guidelines. The cost of each complete meal, cost per kilogram, and confidence intervals of the cost of each meal type were calculated. The time-inclusive cost was calculated by adding waiting or preparation time cost at the minimum wage.

Setting

A large urban area in New Zealand.

Results

For five of six popular meals, the mean cost of the home-made and home-assembled meals was cheaper than the takeaway meals. When the cost of time was added, all home-assembled meal options were the cheapest and half of the home-made meals were at least as expensive as the takeaway meals. The home-prepared meals were designed to provide less saturated fat and Na and more vegetables than their takeaway counterparts; however, the home-assembled meals provided more Na than the home-made meals.

Conclusions

Healthier home-made and home-assembled meals were, except one, cheaper options than takeaways. When the cost of time was added, either the home-made or the takeaway meal was the most expensive. This research questions whether takeaways are better value than home-prepared meals.
BRUCK NETS AND PARTIAL SHERK PLANES
Authors: BAMBERG JOHN , FAWCETT JOANNA B. , LANSDOWN JESSE
Published: June 2017

In Bachmann [Aufbau der Geometrie aus dem Spiegelungsbegriff, Die Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Bd. XCVI (Springer, Berlin–Göttingen–Heidelberg, 1959)], it was shown that a finite metric plane is a Desarguesian affine plane of odd order equipped with a perpendicularity relation on lines and that the converse is also true. Sherk [‘Finite incidence structures with orthogonality’, Canad. J. Math.19 (1967), 1078–1083] generalised this result to characterise the finite affine planes of odd order by removing the ‘three reflections axioms’ from a metric plane. We show that one can obtain a larger class of natural finite geometries, the so-called Bruck nets of even degree, by weakening Sherk’s axioms to allow noncollinear points.
Symptom rating scales for schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders in ICD-11
Authors: Keeley J. W. , Gaebel W.
Published: June 2017

The subtype system for categorising presentations of schizophrenia will be removed from International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. In its place will be a system for rating six domains of psychotic disorder pathology: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, manic symptoms, psychomotor symptoms and cognitive symptoms. This paper outlines the rationale and description of the proposed symptom rating scale, including current controversies. In particular, the scale could adopt either a 4-point severity rating or a 2-point presence/absence rating. The 4-point scale has the advantage of gathering more information, but potentially at the cost of reliability. The paper concludes by describing the field testing process for evaluating the proposed scale.
“When size matters”
Authors: Pandey Anjali
Published: June 2017

This paper examines the in-built message modality of Republican Party campaign yard signage in the 2016 U.S. Presidential race, and argues for a ‘reading’ in which known and unknown contender biographical details and idiolectal patterns form a key component in analyses using material ethnography. Examining the grammar of visuality in which typographic choice, toponymic-allusion, punctuational detail, as well as onomastics and embedded speech acts emerge ripe in literal and metaphoric meaning, the paper demonstrates how acts of intertextual chaining of political history and candidate biography re-affirm the need for interpretive frameworks which are dynamic – not static – and which are simultaneously incorporative of exophoric text-context accounts of witnessed signage. The in-built potential of campaign yard signage in triggering contagious and conspicuous acts of affective stance-taking particularly in neighborhoods of geospatial contiguity are examined both for how they fit into LL research, as well as for how they prod further innovation in its interdisciplinary-inspired and evolving frameworks of analysis.
Liminality, heterotopic sites, and the linguistic landscape
Authors: Tufi Stefania
Published: June 2017

This paper is an investigation into the construction of Venice as a heterotopia – another place – characterised by a liminal linguistic landscape (LL) against a background of mass tourism seen as the enactment of different tourist subjectivities converging onto a peculiarly transnational space. The first part of the study contextualises mass tourism and outlines the concepts of liminality, deterritorialisation and heterotopia. The second part presents and discusses the data, which lay the basis for a linguistic and semiotic reading of Venice’s public space. The conclusion proposes an interpretation of Venice’s LL as a deterritorialised, heterotopic and liminal space, and, importantly, highlights that LL studies have much to contribute to an understanding of late modernity.
The rise of contrastive modality in English
Authors: Cowper Elizabeth , Hall Daniel Currie
Published: June 2017

This paper proposes an account of the morphosyntactic and semantic changes involved in the historical development of the English modals as a distinct category. Adopting a neoparametric approach, in which a language’s inventory of grammatical features may change over time, we show that a cluster of related surface changes can be accounted for by positing that the featuremodalitywas added to English tense/mood system. While the most immediate manifestation of this change was the grammaticalization of the modals themselves, this in turn altered the system of contrasts in the language: in clauses without modal verbs, the absence of the modal became contrastive, narrowing the range of possible interpretations.
Variation and change in the Degree Phrase
Authors: Oxford Will
Published: June 2017

This squib investigates syntactic variation and change in the Degree Phrase (DegP) using three modifiers in the semantic field of ‘different’ as a case study: English different and other and French différent. The squib makes two main claims. The synchronic claim is that these modifiers display extensive microsyntactic variation, spanning a range of positions from A in the DegP to D in the DP. The diachronic claim is that items in this class display a tendency to move to higher syntactic positions in a way that is familiar from better-studied syntactic domains. Data from the DegP is thus compatible with, and useful for, generative theories of syntactic variation and change.
On prosodic variation and the distribution ofwh-in-situ
Authors: Kandybowicz Jason
Published: June 2017

Wh- in-situ is a pervasive feature of Tano interrogative syntax, yet the Tano languages differ from one another in subtle ways with respect to the distribution of in-situ interrogatives. Languages like Krachi and Bono allowwh- in-situ in both main and embedded complement clauses, whereas closely related languages like Wasa and Asante Twi only allowwh- in-situ in main clauses. In this article, I argue that the generalization underpinning this variation in Tano concerns a prohibition onwh- items phrasing with C0at the level of Intonational Phrase (ιP). I show that the ability of awh- item to appear in-situ correlates with the prosodic status of its immediately containing clause. Embedded complement clauses are parsed as independent ιP units in Krachi and Bono, but not in Wasa and Asante Twi. Thus, ιP boundaries divide C0from embedded interrogatives in Krachi and Bono, preventing the items from forming a prosodic constituent at the level of ιP. Conversely, no such boundaries intervene between embedded C0andwh- in Wasa and Asante Twi, yielding prosodic mappings in which the items phrase together. Consequently, embeddedwh- in-situ is prosodically licit in Krachi and Bono, but not in Wasa and Asante Twi. In this way, the Tano pattern ofwh- in-situ variation described above reduces to a difference in how syntactic structures are externalized via prosodic mapping.
Reading monomorphemic and compound words in Chinese
Authors: Cui Lei , Häikiö Tuomo , Zhang Wenxin , Zheng Yuwei , Hyönä Jukka
Published: June 2017

Two lexical decision experiments were conducted to study the recognition of two-character Chinese monomorphemic and compound words by adult native Chinese readers. In Experiment 1, the words appeared non-spaced, whereas in Experiment 2 a space was inserted between the two characters. An interaction between word type and spacing reflects a trend for spacing to slow down the recognition of monomorphemic words and speed up that of compound words. The word frequency effect was steeper for monomorphemic than compound words. The number of strokes in the first and the second character influenced the recognition time for compound words, but not for monomorphemic words. The results are interpreted in the light of the parallel dual route model of morphological processing. The holistic route is more prevalent in recognizing Chinese monomorphemic, while the morphological decomposition route is more prevalent in processing Chinese compound words.
L2 processing of Arabic derivational morphology
Authors: Freynik Suzanne , Gor Kira , O’Rourke Polly
Published: June 2017

The current study examined how non-native speakers process the highly productive derivational morphology of Arabic in which, in
contrast to Indo-European languages, word formation involves interleaving a root and template structure. Previous research shows
that native speakers of Arabic decompose morphologically complex words in lexical processing. Using cross-modal priming, the
current study shows that non-native speakers of Arabic (L1 English) also decompose derived forms such that there is priming
between words that share a common root which is not due to semantic or phonological overlap. In spite of the typological distance,
native English speakers organize their L2 Arabic lexicons in a manner similar to native Arabic speakers.
False memories for morphologically simple versus complex words in English
Authors: Pycha Anne
Published: June 2017

In tasks such as lexical decision, people respond differently to morphologically complex words compared to morphologically simple ones (e.g. in English, lies vs. rise). These divergent responses could conceivably arise from differences in activation levels, or alternatively, from the additional steps required to decompose complex words. To investigate this issue, we used the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory paradigm, which probes activation of lexical representations by measuring the probability of recalling or recognizing a word (such as lies) after listening to a list of its phonological neighbors (such as wise, lose, lime, etc.). Our results showed a significant false memory effect for complex words, which demonstrates that similar-sounding words can activate representations for stem-plus-affix combinations. Our results also showed no significant difference between false memory rates for complex versus simple words, which suggests that complex stem-plus-affix representations activate at levels equivalent to those of simple stem representations. These findings indicate that differences in activation level probably do not lie at the source of divergent responses to complex and simple words, and that decomposition is the more likely origin.
Poor performance on the retention of phonemes’ serial order in short-term memory reflects young children’s poor reading skills
Authors: Schraeyen Kirsten , Geudens Astrid , Ghesquière Pol , Van der Elst Wim , Sandra Dominiek
Published: June 2017

The present study aimed to identify crucial factors that underlie phonological representations in short-term memory (STM) of third-graders with different literacy skills. For this purpose, we used the Nonword Repetition Task (NRT) to disentangle the processing of phonemes’ identity and their serial order. We found no evidence that children’s literacy skills are linked to their capacity for retaining phonemes’ identity. However, their literacy skills are linked to their capacity for retaining phonemes’ serial order. The latter link can be interpreted in terms of a domain-general STM mechanism but is also compatible with the impact of literacy on children’s knowledge of the phonotactic regularities in a language.
Translanguaging practices during storytelling with the app iTEO in preschools
Authors: Kirsch Claudine
Published: June 2017

Whilst contributing to a person’s language, cognitive and personal development and whilst a common practice in the daily lives of bilinguals, translanguaging is rarely observed in educational institutions. The present paper examines the situations and the ways in which preschool children in trilingual Luxembourg translanguage during collaborative storytelling on iTEO, an iPad app which allows for the recording and editing of oral language. Currently 62.4% of children do not speak Luxembourgish on school entry. Language policies focus on the learning of Luxembourgish. This, the small class sizes and the absence of peers with similar language backgrounds may limit the opportunities for translanguaging. The present qualitative, longitudinal study takes a mixed-method approach. The findings show that the 5 focus children in preschool translanguaged frequently, in different ways and for a range of purposes, while drawing on features of several languages. The process of translanguaging depended on the individual child and on contextual factors. We argue that storytelling on iTEO opens up safe translanguaging spaces that contribute to inclusive multilingual pedagogies.
Translanguaging pedagogy in multilingual early childhood classes
Authors: Andersen Katja N.
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates translanguaging practices and pedagogy with very young children in the trilingual country of Luxembourg. Recent research has shown that in early childhood education in Luxembourg there is a focus on Luxembourgish to the exclusion of other languages and that this appears to exclude children with foreign language backgrounds from everyday institutional life. Our research asks how and in which forms can a translanguaging pedagogy offer young multilingual children opportunities to engage in literacy practices. Our empirical qualitative pilot study carried out among children aged 2 to 6 in Luxembourgish early childhood programs clarifies forms of translanguaging when instruction is accompanied by pictures and reading in German. The findings suggest that gesture and body language are part of translanguaging, providing multiple resources that enable the young multilingual learner to make meaning.
The multilingual turn in FL education
Authors: Spinelli Barbara
Published: June 2017

The study reported in this article aimed at exploring the impact of pluralistic pedagogy practices on L3/Ln learners’ reading and writing abilities in a multilingual classroom. Students attended an Intensive Elementary Italian course. The prerequisite to register for this course was knowledge of at least one other Romance Language or previous exposure to the Italian language. Specifically, the investigation examined whether and how the plurilingual system of these learners could affect the development of the language abilities mentioned above. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using questionnaires and more traditional tests: a writing test and a reading test with a gradual increase in complexity. The results showed that a plurilingual pedagogy facilitated positive interlingual transfers, and consequently the development of both language abilities, particularly writing. It also appeared that connections between reading and writing were established, that is, the improvement of students’ writing skills affected reading comprehension and not vice versa. The development of these language abilities also seemed to be affected by other variables such as the proficiency level of languages present in learners’ plurilingual repertoire. To conclude, possible implications for language teaching/learning are discussed.
Co-constructing a translanguaging space
Authors: Tsuchiya Keiko
Published: June 2017

Translanguaging is an emergent concept in bi/multilingualism and language education. It refers to discursive practices where multiple languages are used by plurilingual individuals as an integrated linguistic repertoire (García and Li Wei 2014). This study focuses on the use of translanguaging in a group discussion in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classroom at a Japanese university, where Japanese students and one Arabic student talked in three Japanese and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). The study examined why (the function) and how (the process) the participants translanguaged from Japanese to ELF in this particular context. During a forty-minute discussion, the participants spoke in Japanese most of the time, and ELF was used for less than ten minutes in total, especially between a Japanese and an Arabic speaker. Based onGumperz (1982)andKlimpfinger (2007), four functions of translanguaging were identified: (1) addressee specification, (2) assertion, (3) clarification and (4) appealing for linguistic assistance. The process of translanguaging was also examined in relation to turn-taking structure. The results show that the use of response tokens in ELF and meta-linguistic comments functioned as cues for translanguaging. In so doing, the participants co-constructed a translanguaging space.
Pilot KaVA monitoring on the M 87 jet: Confirming the inner jet structure and superluminal motions at sub-pc scales
Authors: Hada Kazuhiro , Park Jong Ho , Kino Motoki , Niinuma Kotaro , Sohn Bong Won , Ro Hyun Wook , Jung Taehyun , Algaba Juan-Carlos , Zhao Guang-Yao , Lee Sang-Sung , Akiyama Kazunori , Trippe Sascha , Wajima Kiyoaki , Sawada-Satoh Satoko , Tazaki Fumie , Cho Ilje , Hodgson Jeffrey , Lee Jeong Ae , Hagiwara Yoshiaki , Honma Mareki , Koyama Shoko , Oh Junghwan , Lee Taeseak , Yoo Hyemin , Kawaguchi Noriyuki , Roh Duk-Gyoo , Oh Se-Jin , Yeom Jae-Hwan , Jung Dong-Kyu , Oh Chungsik , Kim Hyo-Ryoung , Hwang Ju-Yeon , Byun Do-Young , Cho Se-Hyung , Kim Hyun-Goo , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Shibata Katsunori M.
Published: June 2017

We report the initial results of our high-cadence monitoring program on the radio jet in the active galaxy M 87, obtained by the KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) at 22 GHz. This is a pilot study that preceded a larger KaVA–M 87 monitoring program, which is currently ongoing. The pilot monitoring was mostly performed every two to three weeks from 2013 December to 2014 June, at a recording rate of 1 Gbps, obtaining data for a total of ten epochs. We successfully obtained a sequence of good quality radio maps that revealed the rich structure of this jet from ≲1 mas to 20 mas, corresponding to physical scales (projected) of ∼0.1–2 pc (or ∼140–2800 Schwarzschild radii). We detected superluminal motions at these scales, together with a trend of gradual acceleration. The first evidence for such fast motions and acceleration near the jet base were obtained from recent VLBA studies at 43 GHz, and the fact that very similar kinematics are seen at a different frequency and time with a different instrument suggests that these properties are fundamental characteristics of this jet. This pilot program demonstrates that KaVA is a powerful VLBI array for studying the detailed structural evolution of the M 87 jet and also other relativistic jets.