bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment in older hospital inpatients: prevalence, care needs and carer perceptions
Authors: Mudge Alison M. , Lee-Steere Karen , Treleaven Elise , Cahill Margaret , Finnigan Simon , McRae Prue
Published: December 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of cognitive impairment in hospital inpatients, the associated need for assistance with activities of daily living (ADL) and carer perceptions of hospital care. Methods A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a large metropolitan teaching hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Participants were inpatients aged ≥65 years and their carers. Cognitive impairment was measured by clinician auditors using the validated 4 ‘A’s test (4AT), with a score >0 indicating cognitive impairment (1–3, probable dementia; >3, probable delirium). The need for supervision and/or assistance with ADL was recorded from daily nursing documentation. Carers were invited to complete a brief questionnaire. Results In all, 92 of 216 older inpatients (43%) had cognitive impairment, including 52 (24%) with probable delirium. The need for supervision and/or assistance with ADL increased significantly with 4AT score. Fifty-two carers of patients with cognitive impairment reported feeling welcome and that care was safe. They identified opportunities for better information, greater support and more inclusion of carers. Conclusions Cognitive impairment is common in older inpatients and is associated with increased care needs. Workforce planning and health professional training need to acknowledge the needs of patients with cognitive impairment. There are opportunities for greater support and more involvement of carers. What is known about the topic? Cognitive impairment due to delirium and dementia increases with age, and is common in older medical and surgical inpatients. However, cognitive impairment remains under-recognised by healthcare staff. Australian guidelines now recommend routine screening using valid tools, and including carers, when appropriate, when assessing, caring for and communicating with people with cognitive impairment. What does this paper add? This cross-sectional study using the validated 4AT showed 43% of hospital inpatients aged ≥65 years had cognitive impairment. Participants with cognitive impairment had higher care needs and much longer hospitalisations. Carers of people with cognitive impairment reported unmet information needs in hospital and had limited involvement in assessment and care. What are the implications for practitioners? Cognitive impairment is common in older inpatients. Hospitals and healthcare professionals must be prepared and equipped to recognise cognitive impairment, and address the accompanying patient and carer needs.
Initial contact shapes the perception of friction
Authors: Willemet Laurence , Kanzari Khoubeib , Monnoyer Jocelyn , Birznieks Ingvars , Wiertlewski Michaël
Published: December 2021

Significance

Humans have the remarkable ability to manipulate a large variety of objects, regardless of how fragile, heavy, or slippery they are. To correctly scale the grip forces, the nervous system gauges the slipperiness of the surface. This information is present at the instant we first touch an object, even before any lateral force develops. However, how friction could be estimated without slippage only from the fingertip skin deformation is not understood, either in neuroscience or engineering disciplines. This study demonstrates that a radial tensile strain of the skin is involved in the perception of slipperiness during this initial contact. These findings can inform the design of advanced tactile sensors for robotics or prosthetics and for improving haptic human–machine interactions.
Augmentative biological control in greenhouses in Japan
Authors: Eizi Yano
Published: December 2021

In Japan, augmentative biological control is mainly implemented in greenhouses using arthropod natural enemies. Two imported natural enemy species,
Phytoseiulus persimilis
Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) against spider mites and
Encarsia formosa
Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) against the greenhouse whitefly,
Trialeurodes vaporariorum
(Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), were first commercialised in greenhouses in 1995, followed by the commercialisation of other exotic species. Exotic arthropod natural enemies are used to control both exotic and indigenous pests in greenhouses. Currently, the most popular exotic natural enemy species are predatory mites such as
P. persimilis
and
Amblyseius swirskii
Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Recently, there has been a shift from using exotic to using indigenous natural enemies in greenhouses. Currently, the importation of generalist predators for augmentative biological control is very difficult in Japan. Several collaborative studies have been conducted in Japan to develop biological control using indigenous natural enemies. These studies developed innovative technologies, such as new banker plant systems based on combinations of two natural enemies or flightless
Harmonia axyridis
(Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Indigenous natural enemies have been commercialised following the registration of
Orius strigicollis
(Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Biological control can be achieved using an indigenous strain of
Nesidiocoris tenuis
(Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) with a banker plant system, on which the bug can reproduce without alternative prey. Research and development of biological control using indigenous natural enemies should be continued in Japan.
Enriching mean-field self-consistent texture simulations using the full-field FFT model
Authors: Kumar Mirtunjay , Singh Amit , Mishra Sumeet
Published: December 2021

In the present work, crystal plasticity simulations using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) based Düsseldorf advanced material simulation kit (DAMASK) are performed to provide new insights on choosing the value of interaction parameter in the localisation equation of the visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model. A statistical criterion based on the distribution of shear rates [Formula: see text] at each material point is obtained using DAMASK, which enables the judicious selection of the interaction parameter in the VPSC model. Subsequent large-scale texture simulations via VPSC indicated an excellent match between experimental and simulated textures, which establishes the effectiveness of the proposed approach of learning from full-field models and using it in the mean-field, less computationally expensive VPSC model for performing efficient texture simulations.
Joint meeting of 9th Asia Pacific-Transport Working Group (APTWG) & EU-US Transport Task Force (TTF) workshop
Authors: Ida K. , McDermott R.M. , Holland C. , Choi M.J. , Yu L.M. , Kobayashi T. , Kwon J.M. , Kosuga Y.
Published: December 2021

This conference report summarizes the contributions to, and discussions at the joint meeting of the 9th Asia Pacific-Transport Working Group (APTWG) & EU-US Transport Task Force (TTF) workshop held online, hosted by Kyushu University, Japan, during 6–9 July 2021. The topics of the meeting were organized under five main topics: (1) isotope effect on transport and physics on isotope mixture plasma, (2) turbulence spreading and coupling in core-edge-SOL, (3) interplay between magnetohydrodynamic topology/instability and turbulent transport, (4) interaction between energetic particle driven instability and transport, (5) model reduction and experiments for validation.
Statistical Analysis of Rainfall in Haryana
Authors: Kaamun  , Arora Sahil , Kaur Manmeet
Published: December 2021

The following research focuses on rainfall of Haryana for past 50 years i.e. from 1968 to 2017. Parameters like Kurtosis, Variance, Goodness of Fit, Mann-Kendall’s Test were performed along with total annual forecast as well as seasonal forecast was predicted. Seasonal rend was also studied so as to study in detail about the past, present, and future of rainfall in Chandigarh. This study was performed with the help of MS-Excel and ExcelStat. A rising trend was found along with total rainfall in of past 5 decades was 513336.2 mm and The maximum and minimum rainfall during this period was found to be 15126.62 mm in 1976 and 5312.51 in 1987 respectively.
Design of Rigid Pavement by Self Cured Concrete Utilizing Coarse Fly Ash Aggregates and Curing Admixture
Authors: Rana Ajay , Sharma Abhishek , Jassal Kshitij
Published: December 2021

In concrete industry, a huge amount of natural aggregates is used in the making of concrete every day. The environment is being exploited by mining for the gain of natural aggregates, resulting in an environmental instability in nature. As a result, an alternate source to substitute natural aggregates in concrete is required. A lot of waste materials have gain attention now a days into the concrete industry as a substitute to natural materials. Fly ash, a waste product of thermal power plants, meets the criterion for being utilised as an aggregate substitute in concrete because of its pozzolanic activity. Coarse fly ash is manufactured using a good manufacturing method and is light in weight. Keeping this into view, the impact of partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates with coarse fly ash aggregates produced using the colds bonded method is explored in this paper. The major focus of this study is on testing for flexural strength of self-cured concrete, as flexural strength is a key criterion for rigid pavement design. In this study, coarse fly ash aggregates are utilised in concrete in different proportions to substitute natural aggregates, and the optimal value for flexural strength is determined using a curing additive. The findings of this experiment indicated that when fly ash aggregates and curing additives were used optimally, the flexure strength improved, which is enough for the construction of rigid pavement as criteria fixed by Indian Standards.
Stabilization of soil using industrial wastes
Authors: Majeed Muzamil , Tangri Aman Preet
Published: December 2021

Soil is the most important and basic element of earth. In India which have more type of soil which have low or high bearing capacity like black cotton soil which have high montmorillonite and kalinite. These are those type of soil which have high shrinkage and swelling property. This type of soil cannot withstand heavy load. So, to overcome such problem treatment of soil is needed to be done using plastic materials or volcanic ash, cement kiln dust(CKD) particles for stabilizing this soil. Soil stabilization is the process which improve the physical effects of soil shearing and bearing capacity which is use of adding the admixture like cement, fly ash, lime volcanic ash CKD. Engineers are develop new technique for soil stabilization. It is really big deal to use these type of waste to stabilization of soil. India is developing country build new building and break the old building. All this process many type of waste are generate and in Indian survey nearly 7.46 million tonnes of hazardous waste is generated in India annually So the engineers are think the all waste are used in soil stabilization This paper write for two reason, one is recycle the waste materials and other one is increase the soil stabilize. Some type of industrial waste are including the gravel and dirt concrete and masonry, oils, metals, industrial waste like gasses or solids and also count vegetables matters from restaurants. In other words the industrials waste is two type one is non-hazardous and 2nd is hazardous
Strength assessment of concrete using rice husk ash, recycled concrete aggregate and polyvinyl alcohol fiber
Authors: Chakraborty Satarupa , Thakur Nirbhay
Published: December 2021

: This research work present the finest proper mix by adding and replacing with some other admixture materials having same properties as standard concrete materials. The substances that are used in this Rice husk ash (RHA) Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA). Coarse aggregates was replaced with RCA at 50% and 0-20% RHA in scheming concrete mixes. For this, 5 to 20% (such as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of RHA has been used as a fractional replacement of cement. PVA fiber has been added to this mix at fixed percentage of 0.50% by weight of concrete. 6 mm geometric length of PVA fiber which were aspect with ratio of 428 were used in this research work. In the present research work I did non-destructive and destructive tests after 7 days and 28 days. The values of tests were 10% for RHA and 50% of RCA with fiber fulfills which was PVA which were designed as for the requirement of construction industry. The results show that by adding more amount of RHA and RCA the concrete strength starts decreasing. Tests performed over concrete: Rebound Hammer Test, Flexural Strength Test, Water Absorption Test, Compressive Strength Test, Split Tensile Strength Test, and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test.
Experimental Study of the Strength Aspects of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks using Marble Dust, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Paddy Straw Fiber
Authors: Verma Aman , Sharma Tarun
Published: December 2021

The world is facing pollution crises and these cries are due to improper disposal of waste material. This materials are Rice husk ash, bagasseash, waste marble powder, remanings of grains like rice starw and many more. Some of the waste materials can easily be disposable in the construction industry by using them in the concrete or in any other construction material. This paper deals with this waste material to be utilized in the compressed earth blocks. To study the mechanical properties of compressed soil blocks prepared by a combination of various ratios of Marble powder, paddy Straw Fiber and Sugarcane bagasse ash, the compression test, and water absorption test was performed. The marble powder is introduced in the manner to replace soil by 25%, 35%% and 45 %. Paddy Starws fibers are introducedby the replacement percentage of.6%,.8%and 1% whereas the bagasse ash is been introduced in the manner of 8%,10% and 12%This various test shows that the Marble powder Waste increase dry density which helps in increasing the compression Capacity of the brick. Whereas Paddy Straw fiber and bagasse ash decrease the dry density of brick which results in decreasingthe optimum water content of the mixof the brick. Bagasse ash and paddy straw fiber increase the water absorption capacity of the brick.
Effect of glass fiber and recycled aggregates on Geopolymer concrete
Authors: Mehta Shalika , Bhandari Mohit
Published: December 2021

This study presents the effect of glass fiber and recycled aggregates on the strength properties of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC). The recycled aggregates were incorporated as a partial substitute for the natural coarse aggregates in the geopolymer concrete at 50%, 80%, and 100% by weight, and the results were compared to natural coarse aggregate. Class F fly ash is utilized as the source material for the production of Geopolymer and brought in from local sources. The effect of glass fiber (alkali resistant) with a length of 36 mm is also studied for the content ranging from 0.3, 1, 2, 3, and 3.5% based on the weight of the concrete. The flexural strength and compressive strength were compared at 7 days and 28 days for different cases. The results show that 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% of glass fiber have exceeded the flexural strength of the geopolymer concrete by 20%.
Seismic Analysis of Symmetric and Asymmetric Structures with and without Shear wall using Etabs software
Authors: Kaur Kamalroop , Singh Balwinder
Published: December 2021

Behavior of multistory structures during solid seismic tremor relies on the underlying configurations.Irregularities are not avoidable in development of structures in light of the fact that the space accessible for building the structures are restricted consequently the structure with irregularity is built up more, because of these abnormalities in the structure damages are more during earthquake.The effect of lateral load as wind/Earthquakes influences the performance of these constructions significantly. For the stability against seismic forces of multi-celebrated structure, there is need to investigation of seismic examination to plan earthquake opposition structures. It was tracked down that principle reason for failure of RC building is due to irregular circulations of load, plan of the structures, strength, stiffness. In this paper the correlation of seismic behavior of G+15 story structures having plan irregularities was finished utilizing ETAB programming. For this reason different multi-storey structure plans are viewed as that are regular plan without shear wall, regular plan with shear wall, L shape without shear wall, L shape with shear wall, irregular plan of C shape without shear wall, irregular plan of C shape with shear wall structures. For the correlation, boundaries taken are displacement, story float and storey shear. Every one of the six structures was dissected for zone V. The fundamental objective is to contemplate the behavior of both symmetric and Asymmetric structures during seismic tremor having abnormalities in plan but the plan area is same. The another aim of the study is to examine the taken boundaries like storey shear, storey displacements, Maximum storey float of all structures that are build in this paper during seismic tremor and also to study the impact of shear wall on the behavior of different structures.
Emerging role of artificial intelligence in waste management practices
Authors: Sharma Puneet , Vaid Upma
Published: December 2021

Sustainable development goals target to achieve better living condition in all countries by 2030 and this paves the need for ecological assessment and management. Accelerating environmental deterioration triggers the scientific community to invest and formulate policies and strategies for environmental management, which will lead to sustainable development. Among all environmental issues solid waste management pose serious threat considering the increase in amount of generation of waste in all economies. Better management strategies and policies are required to ensure better living conditions. Incorporation of AI based models to assist the human efforts not only ensure better management of waste but also aid in reduced carbon emissions. Various models and algorithms have been evaluated to assess their potential in better management of solid waste. Algorithms are available in various domains. In thisreview article, role of various AI based techniques in waste management is discussed.
Experimental Study of High Strength Concrete By Alccofine and Bagasse Ash
Authors: Vani Harshdeep , Kaamun  , Arora Sahil
Published: December 2021

The use of concrete is increasing day to day very rapidly. The lesser the cross-section higher will be the grade of concrete. High-grade concrete is generally used in the nuclear power plant or precast prestressed concrete. The higher the cement content high will be the occurrence of the defect due to heat of hydration in the concrete. This paper deals with the experimental study of high-strength concrete which can be prepared by using the cement content less than the required quantity by using any other supplementary material. Like Alccofine and bagasse ash. Alccofine is costlier than cement which increases the cost of concrete to adjust that cost of concrete the bagasse ash is been used in the place of fine aggregate.
Sustainable Technology on Aircraft Design: A Review
Authors: Dhara Aishwarya , Muruga Lal Jeyan
Published: December 2021

Next-generation air transportation is a key to influence the environment, safety, and the economy. Several programs strive to create emerging innovation towards sustainability, system integrity, and alternative fuels to guarantee a reduction of its environmental effect as greenhouse gas. Nowadays, the aerospace industry is looking forward to aviation sustainable developments across the globe. Few initiatives through a novel configuration of aircraft is established like Blended Wing Body, Flying V aircraft, Box wing Aircraft, and Double bubble Aircraft to enhance the cargo and passenger volume occupancy and cut-off the fuel burn percent. With the use of disruptive technologies, researchers are progressing the revolutionary airframe for transportation. A systematic overview and comprehensive survey of passenger-based aircraft are investigated. The objective study is to examine fuel burn and its impact on the environment by types of aircraft. In-depth literature review studies on four pillar strategies used to design an efficient airplane. In addition, this paper also serves on advancement in evolutionary technologies used in jet transport aircraft. Reflecting the benefits and challenges of different aircraft designs technologies were also highlighted. This paper highlights the future implications and managerial insights for future aircraft designers.
Application of manures reduces inorganic fertilizers requirement for maize grown in a sandy soil
Authors: Kreshnadhi G A A P , Jaya I K D , Santoso B B , Wangiyana W , Suheri H
Published: December 2021

The use of inorganic fertilizers with high doses is not recommended in the sustainable maize production program. The present study aimed to evaluate soil chemical properties and growth of maize plants treated with several types of manure to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in sandy soil. An experiment was conducted in dryland with pumped deep-well water in Gumantar Village, North Lombok Regency, from May to July 2021. There were three types of manure tested: cow, poultry, and goat manures (20 ton/ha) treated with and without BeKa decomposer. All the manure treatments received 75% of chemical fertilizers applied in the control treatment (500 kg of urea and 380 kg/ha of NPK Phonska). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. The results showed that the poultry manure treatments, with and without decomposer, increased soil pH significantly. This increase improved soil chemical properties, such as available P and K. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index at silking, and total N in leaf tissue, were not significantly different among the treatments. These results showed that the application of manures, with or without decomposer, could substitute 25% of the inorganic fertilizers needed by maize plants grown in sandy soil.
Attack intensity of pest in the vegetative phase of Atlantic potato variety in three different altitudes
Authors: Sarjan M , Kisman  , Anikmatullah  , Windarningsih M , Jihadi A , Permana P D , Chitra T
Published: December 2021

Abstract.Potato plants are grown well in the highlands and have the potential to grow at different altitudes. One of the challenges in growing potatoes is pest attack during plantations, especially during the vegetative phase. The study aims to determine the attack intensity of potato pests on Atlantic variety at three different altitudes. This study was conducted in the Sembalun District, East Lombok, in three different locations, namely Sajang Village (at ca. 900 m asl), SembalunBumbung Village (at ca.1000 m asl), and SembalunLawang Village (at ca.1200 m asl) from March to June 2021. The plantations were maintained according to the standard maintenance of potato plantation farmers in Sembalun, and data was collected on a two-week basis. The research method used was an experimental method based on a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The sampling of potato plants was done using systematic random sampling. The results showed that the highest attack intensity of pests in the vegetative phase was observed nine weeks after planting, where the plants were suitable for the foliar pest. Altogether, potato plantation in SembalunBumbung had the highest attack intensity than in SembalunLawang and Sajang village. Further research is needed to examine the resistance of several varieties of potato in different altitudes and different seasons to attack the intensity of pests.
The Rhizobium and calcium fertilizer application to peanut plant in dry land
Authors: Farid Hemon A , Sumarjan
Published: December 2021

One of the main problems of peanut planting in dry land is a lack of nitrogen and calcium availability. Efforts to increase the nitrogen and calcium availability for peanut farming in dry land is needed and one possible approach is by application of Rhizobium and calcium fertilizers. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the application of Rhizobium (Nodulin) and calcium fertilizers on growth and yield of peanut plants in dry land. Two experiments were conducted, one in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design and another experiment in the field using a randomized block design. The treatments were with the application of Nodulin, without Nodulin, with calcium fertilizer and without calcium fertilizer. The results showed that the application of calcium and Nodulin was able to increase the number of root nodules and peanut growth. Nodulin and calcium fertilizers increased the dry pod weight of 2.177 g per 6 m2 or 3.7 tons.ha-1. The application of Nodulin and calcium was also able to increase the nitrogen and calcium content of leaf tissue up to 18.9% and 20.9%, respectively.
Growth response of diploid and tetraploid taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) shoot culture to drought stress using polyethylene glycol
Authors: Wulansari A , Purwito A , Sukma D , Ermayanti TM
Published: December 2021

Taro genetic improvement through polyploidy induction is expected to be tolerant to abiotic stress. Several studies have shown that polyploidy plants have a higher adaptability to dry environments. In vitro selection technique for evaluation of plant tolerance to drought stress can be done by applying polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a selection agent. The aim of the research was to investigate the growth response of diploid and tetraploid taro shoot culture to drought stress using PEG. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of PEG at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The second factor was Bentul taro clones which were 1 diploid clone and 2 tetraploid clones (clones 4.6.3 and 5.4.4). PEG was added to liquid MS medium containing 2 mg/l BAP. Observations of growth variables were carried out every week until the six weeks of culture. Fresh and dry weights, mortality percentage and proline content were determined at six weeks of culture. The results showed that the addition of PEG in liquid medium significantly affected the number of leaves, petiole length, number of roots, fresh and dry weights, as well as shoot mortality percentage. Differences in clones significantly affected the number of leaves, fresh and dry weights. The two factors tested (PEG and clones), gave an interaction on the number of leaves, fresh and dry weights. The proline content in all diploid and tetraploid clones showed an increase with increasing PEG concentration. The LC50 value in diploid clones was 9.82%, in tetraploid clones 4.6.3 and 5.4.4 were 14.14 and 15.45%, respectively. The results showed that PEG at 10% and 15% could be used for in vitro selection to drought stress both for diploid and tetraploid taro.
Utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches biomass through slow pyrolysis process
Authors: Rahayu D E , Karnaningroem N , Altway A , Slamet A
Published: December 2021

The agricultural sector produces solid waste biomass abundantly. However, this biomass potential has not been utilized optimally. Indonesia as the world’s number one producer of oil palm plantations produces enormous biomass potential. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are the largest solid waste with a fraction of around 20-23% of fresh fruit bunches. Conventionally, it is only used as plant mulch in plantations areas. However, this biomass can still provide added value to bioenergy products through thermochemical pyrolysis conversion. The study was conducted with EFB raw materials that have been chopped with a size of <2mm, heating rate of 10C/minute with temperature variations of 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C. The results showed that the EFB pyrolysis at low temperatures produced biochar products, and at high temperatures, it produced maximum product in the form of bio-oil. In the EFB pyrolysis process, biochar with an optimum yield of 36.92% was produced at 350°C, and bio-oil with an optimum yield of 46.60% was produced at a temperature of 550°C.
Synthesis of starch-carrageenan bio-thermoplastic composites on the type and concentration of thermoplastic forming materials as packaging materials
Authors: Hartiati A , Harsojuwono B A , Suryanto H , Arnata I W
Published: December 2021

Plastic waste is one of the primary environmental pollutants; in addition to being very large in number, it is also complicated to be degraded by microbes. One of the efforts to overcome plastic pollution is to develop biodegradable thermoplastic (bio-thermoplastic), namely plastic that is easy to form and melts at high temperatures and is easily degraded. This study aims to determine the effect of the type and concentration of thermoplastic forming materials (glycerol and castor oil) on bioplastic composites made from cassava starch with carrageenan. Another goal is to get the best characteristics of the treatment. This study used a randomized block design with 12 treatments derived from 2 types (glycerol and castor oil) and six concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6%) of thermoplastic forming materials. The treatments were grouped into two based on the time of the research. The data obtained were analyzed for diversity, and if it had a significant effect, it was continued with Duncan’s multiple comparison test. The observed variables included mechanical properties, swelling, WVTR, and biodegradation. The results showed that the type and concentration of the thermostatic forming material had a significant effect on tensile strength, elongation, elasticity, WVTR and had no effect on swelling and biodegradation. The bio-thermoplastic composite with the best characteristics was made from starch and carrageenan in a ratio of 25:75 using 1% glycerol with a tensile strength of 33.98 MPa and 1% castor oil with a tensile strength of 35.71 MPa.
Optimization Process to Increase the Quality of Lombok Porang Flour
Authors: Zainuri  , Sukmawaty  , Basuki E , Handayani B R , Sulastri Y , Paramartha D N A , Sayuna Y , Anggraini I M D
Published: December 2021

As a primary source of glucomannan, porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus Prain) has a decisive role in the food and non-food industry development. However, the naturally high calcium oxalate content in the corm is one obstacle why it is not safe as a food material. This paper describes and discusses the optimizing process to reduce the level of calcium oxalate content and improve the quality of the flour of porang locally grown in Lombok. Porang samples were obtained from the center of growing area in North Lombok. Series of trials were carried out, including treatment using a salt solution, blanching, and fermentation technology. The parameters observed in this study were the calcium oxalate content, moisture content, and the color of porang flour. The results from these trials indicated that soaking in salt solution and blanching technology significantly reduced the calcium oxalate concentration in the flour. However, the oxalate levels in the flour were slightly higher than the quality standard requirement. In contrast, fermentation treatment was not effective in reducing the oxalate level. In general, all treatments significantly reduced the flour-moisture content. Further research is required in order to produce quality local porang flour that meets quality standards.
Analysis of Heat Energy on the Drying Process of Paddy Using Fluidized Beds Dryer
Authors: Syahrul S , Sukmawaty S , Priyati A , Sari J , Mirmanto M
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of heat energy in the paddy drying process using a fluidized bed dryer. The method used in this research was an experimental method using an energy balance. This test was carried out using a fluidized beds dryer, with paddy material, where the paddy was dried at a certain temperature with 3 mass treatments, namely 5, 6 kg, and 7 kg with an air velocity of 21 m/s. The results showed that the total energy that enters the drying chamber for a mass of 5 kg material is 1,022 kJ with a useful energy of 1.339 kJ. The energy that enters the drying chamber for a mass of 6 kg is 1,043 kJ with a useful energy of 2.192 kJ. For a mass of 7 kg of material, the energy that enters the drying chamber is 1,187 kJ with a useful energy of 3.578 kJ.
The Evidence of Seagrass Environmental Support for Local People’s Economic on the South Coast of Lombok Island
Authors: Syukur A , Idrus A A , Dewi K R , Juniati N , Irmayani
Published: December 2021

The richness of marine biota associated with seagrass has many economic values and has been used by the community as a source of livelihoods such as fish, mollusks, bivalves, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the contribution of seagrass and its surrounding environment as a source of livelihood for local communities in the study area. This research method uses observation, interviews, questionnaires, and in-depth discussions. Furthermore, the number of samples was determined by purposive sampling, 265 fishers, 128 local non-fishermen, and 125 tourism service providers. The analysis of the average income of respondents (fishermen) based on animal groups obtained from seagrass and surrounding areas is U$16167.5. Meanwhile, the average income of respondents (local non-fishermen) from seagrass areas, especially housewives, is US$3401.63/season (full moon and dead moon) at low tide. Furthermore, the average income of respondents from providers of tourist services (especially for snorkeling, diving, swimming, and transportation services) is U$19353.85/month. The conclusion is that seagrass conservation can be an economical solution for local communities in a global climate change situation.
Limits of acceptable change for sustainable management of the Pelawan Biodiversity Park, Bangka Belitung Islands
Authors: Boentoro M R B , Kisworo  , Wherrett T
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is a country of immense biodiversity, however the natural environment is under pressure because of competing economic needs of the large population. Limits of Acceptable Change is a management strategy which acknowledges that any use of an area brings environmental change and best outcomes are achieved if all stakeholders are involved in the process. LAC was applied to develop a management strategy for Pelawan Biodiversity Park, Bangka Belitung. This reserve existsfor the preservation of endemic flora and fauna and is also utilised by local communities so there exists the potential for conflict of interests. This research was conducted March - April 2021. Through direct observation and interviews with all stakeholders, the LAC process was used to identify the reserve’s environmental and cultural values, and the goals held by each of the stakeholders. The results obtained indicate that the primary values assigned to the park are culture and economy, ecology and conservation, education and research, as well as tourism and ecotourism. Some activities of the communities both within and in the surrounding area have direct negative impacts on the environment in the park, including horticulture, tin mining, palm oil, poaching, over-exploitation of pelawan mushroom and honey, as well as tourist activities. After analysing the potential zoning for all activities, three usage zones were proposed to maximise conservation and facilitate economic sustainability for local communities. Specific management strategies for each zone are proposed together with indicators and standards of environmental change. Practical next steps are proposed for community wide consultation and implementation of management practices.
Evaluation of Apium graveolens from different geographical origins based on TLC-fingerprint and chemometrics
Authors: Kartini K , Jannah M , Wulandari F , Oktaviyanti N D , Setiawan F , Jayani N I E
Published: December 2021

Apium graveolens (celery) has various roles both in the food and medicine sectors. It grows very well in the tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and Asia, including Indonesia. This Apiaceae member contains a number of phytoconstituents, and geographical origin is known to significantly determine the type and concentration of phytochemicals in plant material. This study was carried out to validate and develop thin layer chromatography (TLC)-based fingerprinting combined with chemometrics, i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), to evaluate the quality of celery harvested from thirteen different geographical origins in Indonesia. The mobile phase was first optimized with a simplex axial design, resulting in 2-propanol, toluene, and dichloromethane (1:6:1) as the optimum mobile phase for a stable and precise TLC system in the celery sample analysis. When analyzed with chemometrics, the TLC-fingerprints could discriminate celeries from various origins. The PCA score plot of the first two principal components (PCs) and CA clearly distinguished the samples’ properties and classified them into four clusters. Samples grouped into one cluster were concluded to have comparable quality, while those in different clusters had different qualities.
Microalgae Isolation found in Kedonganan beach, Badung Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Anggreni A A M D , Arnata I W , Gunam I B W
Published: December 2021

Microalgae are autotrophic organisms that are very abundant in waters. The purpose of this study was to isolate marine microalgae found in Kedonganan Beach, Badung, Bali. In this study, microalgae were isolated by taking phytoplankton samples vertically with a depth of 50 cm at the study site, filtering using a plankton net. The obtained microalgae were observed under a microscope and identified. The results showed that several genera were isolated, namely Nitzschia, Botryococcus, Nannochloropsis, Ceratium, Caetoceros, Skeletonema, Closterium, and Cyclotella. Based on research, Nannochloropsis is a stable genus with a high growth rate. The results of the proximate analysis of biomass showed that the microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. contained 40.30±0.37% carbohydrates, 39.07±0.08% protein, 12.44±0.14% fat, 4.77±0.79% ash and water 3.41±0.37%. Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae isolated from Kedonganan Beach has the potential as a source of protein.
Tannin Concentration of Gyrinops Tea Taken Form Different Agarwood Plantation and Different Processing Method
Authors: Wangiyana I G A S , Supriadi  , Nikmatullah A , Sunarpi  , Mulyaningsih L
Published: December 2021

Tannin is one of the essential components that determine the quality of herbal tea products. This research aims to conduct a quantitative tannin assay of Gyrinops tea with different leaf sampling locations and processing methods. Factorial Completely Randomized Design was used as an experimental design with two treatment factors. The first factor is sampling location (Kekait, Lingsar, and Pejaring). The second factor is the processing method (Fresh leaves and Dried leaves). A titrimetric method with KMnO4 and Indigo carmine reagent was used for quantitative tannin measurement. ANOVA and DMRT at a 5% significant level were used for tannin concentration analysis. The result indicated that the first, second, and interaction factors significantly affected tannin concentration. Drying the G. versteegii leaves could increase the tannin concentration of the Gyrinops tea product. G. versteegii leaves taken from Kekait have shown highest tannin concentration among other regions. It could be concluded that dried G. versteegii leaves Kekait could produce Gyrinops tea with high quality based on tannin concentration measurement.
Effect of medium type, light intensity, and photoperiod on the growth rate of microalgae Chlorococcum sp. local isolate
Authors: Putri D S , Sari D A , Marianah  , Astuti S P , Wangiyana I G A S
Published: December 2021

Microalgae are microscopic organisms that are living in a watery environment, whether in fresh or seawater. As photosynthetic organisms, microalgae are the primary oxygen producers in the water. Furthermore, microalgae have various benefits for the sustainability of human beings. Chlorococcum sp. is green microalgae found in freshwater, seawater, brackish water, or even in wastewater. Publication data on this microalga are limited, but this alga is known for its high lipid content. Previously, Chlorococcum sp. was isolated from the Ampenan Estuary of Lombok Island and grown in a liquid medium using Walne’s. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum growth factors for the cultivation of Chlorococcum sp. The microalgae growth factors that were varied as treatments were the source of water medium used (distilled water, seawater, and saline water), the light intensity (2000, 25000, 3000, and 3500 lux), and the photoperiod (16: 8; 20:4; and 24:0 hours). Based on the research data, it is known that the type of water media is very influential on the productivity of microalgae. Where the highest growth of Chlorococcum sp. was produced in a medium containing saline water. In addition, the number of cells in the initial culture also affects the life span of microalgae. The treatment with the lowest initial cells caused the cell death phase to be extended, starting from the 11th day of culture. In conclusion, the optimal growth of Chlorococcum sp. occurred on the 5th day with a cell density of 323×104 cells/ml.
Analysis of bioactive compounds present in Kaempferia galanga rhizome collected from different regions of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Adianingsih O R , Widaryanto E , Saitama A , Zaini A H
Published: December 2021

Kaempferia galanga, also known as kencur in Indonesia, is a medical plant that is traditionally used in various human diseases therapy. Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) is an essential bioactive compound in kencur that plays a role in the management of diseases. Kencur is widely spread in East Java. Thus this study aims to identify and analyze the bioactive compounds in kencur rhizome from a different region in East Java. This study was conducted from June 2020 until November 2020. The samples were collected from 12 regencies in East Java, including Banyuwangi, Blitar, Gresik, Kediri, Lumajang, Madura, Malang, Mojokerto, Nganjuk, Pacitan, Ponorogo, and Trenggalek. A sample from Wonogiri (Central Java) was used as a comparison because its cultivation procedure has been standardized. The altitude of sample accessions location was 15-995 masl (m above sea levels) with the rain intensity of 500-2000 mm3. Based on soil analysis, Banyuwangi had good soil characteristics with high total nitrogen, available P2O5, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and organic carbon. The bioactive compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that all the samples contain three major compounds: EPMC, pentadecane, and (Z)-ethyl cinnamate. The highest content of EPMC was obtained in Wonogiri (79.8%), followed by Malang (78.28%), Blitar (77.23%), and Trenggalek (73.33%). It can be concluded that the kencur samples from Malang, Blitar, and Trenggalek have a high content of EPMC, thus could become the source of kencur used in further medicinal research.
Newborn calf serum supplemented by tellurite as alternative transport medium for Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Authors: Saraswati R D , Nursofiah S , Amalia N , Hartoyo Y , Puspandari N , Sunarno
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is one of the five countries with highest diphtheria cases in the world. Laboratory confirmation by culture method as a gold standard requires bacterial survival. Indonesia’s geographical condition as an archipelagic country and difficulties in transporting clinical samples are often obstacles in maintaining bacterial survival. This study aims to evaluate the ability of several transport mediums to maintain the survival of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. A total of 90 isolates were divided into nine groups of transport mediums. Samples were divided into 2 treatment groups, namely room temperature and temperature 2-8 ºC. On day 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32, 1 isolate from each group with 2 different incubation temperatures was cultured on blood agar medium and incubated for 24 hours at 37 ºC. Bacterial survival was indicated by the growth of suspect colonies which were identified by microscopic and biochemical tests. Results show serum with tellurite can be used with viability lower than silica gel, but higher than other media. Meanwhile at a temperature of 2-8 ºC, there are 2 types of the best transport medium, namely serum with tellurite and open silica gel in aluminum foil. Newborn Calf Serum supplemented with Tellurite can be used as an alternative transport medium for Corynebacterium diphtheriae, both at room temperature and at 2-8 ºC.
Humoral and cellular immunity in mice immunized with whole recombinant yeast expressing complex NS2B/NS3 protein of dengue serotype 3
Authors: Pambudi S , Sulfianti A , Widayanti T , Prihanto A , Juniarti F , Wahyunita K , Gill A , Tarwadi  , Efendi J , Djarot I N , Manalu L P , Lestari C S W
Published: December 2021

A nonpathogenic edible yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been identified as a vehicle to express many foreign antigens which elicit the immune response in mice. The complex NS2B/NS3 is a protease that represents a prime target for rational drug design for dengue infection. During infection, the NS3 protein is the main target for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, which may be protective. However, no studies have been undertaken evaluating the use of recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1 expressing complex NSB/NS3 protease as a protective antigen against dengue infection. In the present study, we evaluated the humoral and cellular immune response elicited by recombinant yeast compared to wild-type yeast in the mouse model. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of recombinant and wild-type yeast at 1 and 25 yeast units into BALB/c mice was used. These studies demonstrated that administration at a low concentration of recombinant yeast at 1 yeast units (YU) significantly elicits antibodies against DENV NS3 antigen. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis revealed that NS2B/NS3-specific cytocines (TNF-a, IFN-©, IL-2) increased with moderate mode compared to wild-type yeast. The results in this study show the potential of recombinant yeast as an edible vaccine platform against dengue infection.
Efficacy of hepatoprotector jamu formula (combination of Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Taraxacum officinale) compared to Fructus schizandrae extract in mild liver injury: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ardiyanto D , Zulkarnain Z , Astana P R W , Triyono A , Novianto F , Fitriani U , Nisa U , Mana T A
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of impaired liver function in developing countries is increasing. Indonesia has several traditional medicines that can be used as alternative treatments for liver dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of hepatoprotector jamu formula (combination of Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Taraxacum officinale) compared to Fructus schizandrae fruit extract for treating mild liver injury. This study was a RCT using parallel open label design which involved 60 subjects for 42 days of intervention. The parameters used to evaluate efficacy were Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT). There was a significant difference of average SGPT levels on day 21 and day 42 compared to day 0 in both hepatoprotector jamu group and Fructus Schizandrae extract group (p < 0.001). Compared to the baseline, there were a significant difference of average SGOT levels on the follow up days in hepatoprotector jamu group (p=0.023 on day 21; p=0.003 on day 42) as well as Fructus Schizandrae extract group (p=0.028 on day 21; p=0.042 on day 42. The efficacy of hepatoprotector jamu formula was comparable to Fructus schizandrae extract in improving mild liver injury.