bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex/gender and additional equity characteristics of providers and patients in perioperative anesthesia trials: a cross-sectional analysis of the literature
Authors: Etherington Nicole , Wu Michael , Boet Sylvain
Published: March 2020

Sex and gender, among other equity-related characteristics, influence the process of care and patients’ outcomes. Currently, the extent to which these characteristics are considered in the anesthesia literature remains unknown. This study assesses their incorporation in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on anesthesia-related interventions, for both patients and healthcare providers. This is a cross-sectional analysis using an existing dataset derived from the anesthesia literature. The dataset originated from a scoping review searching MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews. RCTs investigating the effect of anesthesia-related interventions on mortality for adults undergoing surgery were included. Equity outcome measures were recorded for both patients and providers and assessed for inclusion in the study design, reporting of results, and analysis of intervention effects. Three-hundred sixty-one RCTs (n = 144,674) were included. Most RCTs (91%) reported patient sex/gender, with 58% of patients identified as male. There were 139 studies (39%), where 70% or more of the sample was male, compared to just 14 studies (4%), where 70% or more of the sample was female. Only 10 studies (3%) analyzed results by patient sex/gender, with one reporting a significant effect. There was substantial variation in how age was reported, although nearly all studies (98%) reported some measure of age. For healthcare providers, equity-related information was never available. Better consideration of sex/gender and additional health equity parameters for both patients and providers in RCTs is needed to improve evidence quality, and ultimately, patient care and outcome.
What work should be and bring: Representations of decent work in Togo
Authors: Kazimna Pazambadi , Holu Yawo A. , Alfa Akila , Tchonda Masamaésso , Pari Paboussoum , Masdonati Jonas
Published: March 2020

Background: Little is known about workers’ and students’ perceptions and views of decent work in the African context.Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the perceived characteristics of decent work and the needs that work is expected to satisfy in Togo, a country in which a significant number of workers experience job insecurity.Method: Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews were carried out with workers in the formal and informal sectors, and college and university students. A thematic consensual qualitative analysis was applied to the interview transcriptions.Results: The representation of decent work covered four key components: to be considered decent, work should entail some basic conditions, enable one to develop professionalism, and make one feel productive and be a source of pleasure. Moreover, participants mentioned five types of needs that work should meet: vital, psychological, social, busyness and statutory needs. These results indicate the existence of both universal and culture-specific features of decent work.Conclusion: The study results suggest that career counsellors should take into account counselees’ specific representation of work and the needs work is expected to satisfy. Vocational and career practices should then place greater emphasis on the adequacy between the occupations to which people are oriented and the social and personal representations of decent work.
The challenges behind producing a bottle of wine: Supply chain risks
Authors: Naudé Rodney T. , Badenhorst-Weiss Johanna A.
Published: March 2020

Background: One-third of wine producers in South Africa are experiencing negative net farming revenues. The wine industry is close to the heart of South Africans and South Africa is known for its production of quality wine in the world. However, the wine-producing sector faces many difficulties that threaten its survival. Besides the possible impact of the land reform drive of the government, the industry is experiencing financial and operational pressures, which have been exacerbated by drought and high temperatures affecting the crops. These factors affect not only the wine producers but also the complete wine supply chain.Objectives: This article provides insight into the supply chain risks of producing wine. The study was conducted among wine producers in the Stellenbosch region of the Western Cape province of South Africa.Method: An exploratory, qualitative, case-study approach was adopted in this study. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 participants at five wine producers’ sites selected on a non-probability convenience sample basis. Thematic analysis was used to process the data.Results: The most critical supply chain risks factors identified through this study centre around the sourcing of dry goods, agricultural activities, wine-making activities and financial risks. It also came to light that the wine farmers do not formally analyse their risks.Conclusion: Wine producers can put in a greater effort to improve the relationship with suppliers of dry goods and they will more efficiently mitigate some risks if they actively analyse and manage their risks on an ongoing basis.
Tebeos sobre Le Corbusier. Cinco historietas gráficas sobre su vida y obra. Sobre la narración gráfica y la intervención de la arquitectura. (2/2)
Authors: Bravo de Laguna Socorro Alberto
Published: March 2020

Se reúnen en este artículo cinco historietas gráficas sobra la vida y obra de Le Corbusier. Una colección cuyos componentes individualmente podrían no tener entidad para ser objeto de estudio, pero re-contextualizados y analizados conjuntamente formarán parte de una serie, una reunión de propuestas gráficas diferentes que comparten el ser protagonizadas, en distinto grado, por el arquitecto. Somos conscientes de la desigual intervención de Le Corbusier y su arquitectura en ellos, y del dispar interés que pueden tener para una revista de este campo, por ello optamos por sacarlos de su contexto y juntarlos, conocedores de su heterogeneidad, y observar en ellos diversas maneras gráfico/narrativas de abordar a Le Corbusier dentro del cómic. En una zona fronteriza entre seriedad, rigor y entretenimiento, estas cinco historietas merecen una interpretación común desde el personaje, la narración gráfica, la intervención de la arquitectura y su dibujo.
Tesela a tesela: un proyecto docente de representación arquitectónica en una escuela de ingeniería
Authors: Úbeda Blanco Marta , Lafuente Sánchez Víctor A. , López Bragado Daniel , Del Río Muñoz Mónica
Published: March 2020

En el marco de la enseñanza artística, impartida por profesores del área de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, en el Grado de Diseño Industrial de la Universidad de Valladolid, se llevó a cabo, durante el curso 2017-2018, un Proyecto de Innovación Docente. Realizado en colaboración con el Museo de Valladolid, el objetivo del mismo era el estudio y reinterpretación de uno de los mosaicos allí expuestos, el de Diana y las estaciones procedente de la Villa romana de Prado, para, posteriormente, proceder a su reproducción física a gran escala, y su exhibición en otro lugar del Museo. Así, los alumnos pudieron familiarizarse con las técnicas de ejecución de los mosaicos, así como participar en un proyecto colectivo de arte, con su consiguiente aplicación práctica en una institución museística.
La memoria proyectante: el dibujo en el proceso creativo de Álvaro Siza.
Authors: Garcia Garcia Raul
Published: March 2020

El artículo analiza el papel que juega el dibujo en el proceso creativo de un arquitecto de referencia como es Álvaro Siza, desde la fase más inicial de análisis del contexto hasta aspectos de detalle concretos como el análisis de la luz en el interior de un espacio, apoyado en conversaciones con el propio arquitecto y con Eduardo Souto de Moura.
Sobre la importancia de los protocolos gráficos: el dibujoen la obra sacra de Andrés de Vandelvira
Authors: Estepa Rubio Antonio , Estepa Rubio Jesús
Published: March 2020

La obra de Vandelvira puede ser leída a través de indicadores de calidad, que nos llevan a defender la importancia de los mecanismos gráficos empleados por el arquitecto para la definición de la corporeidad espacial de sus realizaciones. Así, resulta sintomático el hecho de que en sus proyectos siempre se reconozca un espacio abstracto idealizado que se manifiesta en el corazón del edifico; y para cuya consecución, Vandelvira tuvo que planificar mecanismos  de articulación geométrica significados por su capacidad de liberación de la escala, la forma o la materia; pues, no en balde, muchas de estas soluciones fueron empleadas de forma recurrente, con independencia del programa, la traza de la planta, la dimensión altimétrica del conjunto o, incluso, el despiece estereotómico definido.
Teoria parcial de justiça e estrutura política democrática na teoria de Nussbaum
Authors: Ali Nunzio , Piroli Diana
Published: March 2020

Neste trabalho defendemos que o progresso da abordagem das capabilities está no desenvolvimento teórico da estrutura política democrática, para tanto, tomaremos como base o modelo normativo de Nussbaum. Primeiramente esta investigação classifica a teoria das capabilities em dois grupos: o modelo top down e o bottom up. Nussbaum tem um tipo de abordagem de “cima para baixo”, na qual inicia construindo uma teoria que parte de questões mais abstratas e somente depois desce para o nível de implementação institucional. Enquanto Amartya Sen, em contrapartida, possui um modelo “de baixo para cima”, iniciando das demandas de justiça que vem da esfera pública, depois subindo para questões normativas menos concretas (a sua “ideia de justiça”). No segundo momento, apresentamos a teoria parcial de justiça de Nussbaum  argumentando que ela é composta de quatro estágios: (a) primeiro, a elaboração da lista de capabilities, (b) segundo, o processo de validade normativa, (c) terceiro, a estabilidade de uma sociedade justa (d) quarto, a implementação institucional do limiar básico de capabilities. Em relação a esse quarto estágio, no terceiro momento do artigo, desenvolvemos especificamente o papel da estrutura política como escopo teórico o qual a teoria das capabilities precisa investir como forma de progresso teórico. Em outras palavras, o futuro da teoria das capabilities está principalmente no entrelaçamento entre teoria das capabilities com uma forma de governo democrática. Finalmente, na última seção, propomos uma reelaboração do limiar básico de capabilities (a lista) de Nussbaum, de forma a torná-lo mais compatível com a estrutura política democrática.
Efeitos do extrato aquoso de Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa sobre o desenvolvimento de larvas de Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Calliphoridae: Diptera)
Authors: Cruz Junior Olimpio Francisco Santos da , Corrêa-Neto José De Jesus , Gomes Leonardo
Published: March 2020

Plantas do gênero Ipomoea são conhecidas por ocasionarem intoxicações letais a animais de produção. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos de suas toxinas em invertebrados de importância médico-veterinária e forense. Esta pesquisa visou analisar o efeito do extrato aquoso em diferentes concentrações de Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa sobre o tempo de desenvolvimento larval e corporal de imaturos de Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), uma espécie de importância forense no Brasil. Larvas L1 de C. albiceps foram submetidas a três tratamentos: controle (apenas carne moída), 40 mL (40 mL de extrato de I. carnea subsp. fistulosa para 80 g de carne moída) e 80 mL (80 mL de extrato de I. carnea subsp. fistulosa para 80 g de carne moída). Os tempos de desenvolvimento larval até a fase de pupa foram estatisticamente maiores nos tratamentos de 40 e 80 mL, respectivamente, em relação ao controle. Foi observada também diferença significativa no comprimento total das larvas do controle com os demais tratamentos. Os resultados indicam que o contato com as toxinas presentes em I. carnea subsp. fistulosa retarda o desenvolvimento de larvas de C. albiceps.
Composição florística de fragmento de floresta secundária em áreas de proteção permanente do Igarapé Dispensa, no Projeto de Assentamento Assurini em Altamira – Pará
Authors: Rodrigues Sharon Rose , Santos Dhyene Rayne Silva dos , Silva Maristela Marques da , Araújo Ailton , Rocha Carla Giovana Souza
Published: March 2020

A necessidade de se conservar as áreas de preservação permanente (APPs) é crescente, devido a sua relevância para a sobrevivência da fauna, flora, das populações que utilizam esses recursos naturais e para a proteção dos cursos de água. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a composição e a diversidade florística de um fragmento de floresta secundária em uma APP no Projeto de Assentamento Assurini em Altamira – Pará, identificando espécies que poderiam ser utilizadas na reposição de florestas ciliares degradadas existentes na região. O estudo foi realizado em uma floresta secundária às margens do Igarapé Dispensa, em propriedades de agricultores familiares. Em cada área foram instaladas duas parcelas com dimensão de 10 m x 25 m, nas quais foram inventariados todos os indivíduos lenhosos e sublenhosos com DAP ≥ 10 cm presentes nos limites de cada unidade amostral. Foi analisada a composição florística e estimadas a riqueza e a diversidade. Na floresta secundária, foram identificados 279 indivíduos, 49 espécies, 43 gêneros e 26 famílias. A família com maior número de espécies e de indivíduos foi a Fabaceae. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) foi de 3,43 nats/ind, considerado com uma diversidade satisfatória. As referidas espécies têm potencial para serem utilizadas em propostas de regeneração das APP do Igarapé Dispensa.
A regulação como propulsora de práticas de controle interno na saúde suplementar
Authors: Jácome Marilia Raulino , Paiva Simone Bastos
Published: March 2020

A pesquisa analisou a influência da regulação na adoção de práticas de controle interno nas Operadoras de planos de saúde (OPS) do Nordeste brasileiro, com base no framework do COSO ICIF (2013). A amostra foi formada por 43 respondentes (gestores financeiros, contábeis ou de auditoria interna). Utilizando uma metodologia mista, quantitativa e qualitativa, foi aplicado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e análise de conteúdo das respostas discursivas, confirmando o pressuposto que há influência da regulação na adoção de práticas de controle interno. Acerca da percepção da influência da regulação na adoção das práticas de controle, 95% dos respondentes concordaram e indicaram outros aspectos relacionados à regulação: compliance, sustentabilidade e o caráter punitivo. Além disso, 9% afirmaram que há insuficiência da regulação em relação aos controles internos, sugerindo a criação de regulação específica para controles e 17% apontaram o fortalecimento das práticas de controles como um caminho rumo à sustentabilidade do setor.
Biomass burning aerosol as a modulator of the droplet number in the southeast Atlantic region
Authors: Kacarab Mary , Thornhill K. Lee , Dobracki Amie , Howell Steven G. , O'Brien Joseph R. , Freitag Steffen , Poellot Michael R. , Wood Robert , Zuidema Paquita , Redemann Jens , Nenes Athanasios
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The southeastern Atlantic (SEA) and its associated cloud deck, off
the west coast of central Africa, is an area where aerosol–cloud
interactions can have a strong radiative impact. Seasonally,
extensive biomass burning (BB) aerosol plumes from southern Africa
reach this area. The NASA ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and
their intEractionS (ORACLES) study focused on quantitatively
understanding these interactions and their importance. Here we
present measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)
concentration, aerosol size distribution, and characteristic
vertical updraft velocity (w∗) in and around the marine boundary
layer (MBL) collected by the NASA P-3B aircraft during the August
2017 ORACLES deployment. BB aerosol levels vary considerably but
systematically with time; high aerosol concentrations were observed
in the MBL (800–1000 cm−3) early on, decreasing
midcampaign to concentrations between
500 and 800 cm−3. By late August and early September,
relatively clean MBL conditions were sampled (<500 cm−3). These data then drive a state-of-the-art
droplet formation parameterization from which the predicted cloud
droplet number and its sensitivity to aerosol and dynamical
parameters are derived. Droplet closure was achieved to within
20 %. Droplet formation sensitivity to aerosol concentration,
w∗, and the hygroscopicity parameter, κ, vary and
contribute to the total droplet response in the MBL clouds. When
aerosol concentrations exceed ∼900 cm−3 and maximum
supersaturation approaches 0.1 %, droplet formation in the MBL
enters a velocity-limited droplet activation regime, where the cloud
droplet number responds weakly to CCN concentration increases. Below
∼500 cm−3, in a clean MBL, droplet formation is
much more sensitive to changes in aerosol concentration than to
changes in vertical updraft. In the competitive regime, where
the MBL has intermediate pollution (500–800 cm−3),
droplet formation becomes much more sensitive to hygroscopicity
(κ) variations than it does in clean and polluted
conditions. Higher concentrations increase the sensitivity to
vertical velocity by more than 10-fold. We also find that
characteristic vertical velocity plays a very important role in
driving droplet formation in a more polluted MBL regime, in which
even a small shift in w∗ may make a significant difference in
droplet concentrations. Identifying regimes where droplet number
variability is driven primarily by updraft velocity and not by aerosol
concentration is key for interpreting aerosol indirect effects,
especially with remote sensing. The droplet number responds
proportionally to changes in characteristic velocity, offering the
possibility of remote sensing of w∗ under velocity-limited
conditions.
The relationship between low-level cloud amount and its proxies over the globe by cloud type
Authors: Shin Jihoon , Park Sungsu
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We extend upon previous work to examine the relationship between
low-level cloud amount (LCA) and various proxies for LCA – estimated
low-level cloud fraction (ELF), lower tropospheric stability (LTS),
and estimated inversion strength (EIS) – by low-level cloud type
(CL) over the globe using individual surface and upper-air
observations. Individual CL has its own distinct environmental
structure, and therefore our extended analysis by CL can provide
insights into the strengths and weaknesses of various proxies and help to
improve them. Overall, ELF performs better than LTS and EIS in diagnosing the variations
in LCA among various CLs, indicating that a previously identified
superior performance of ELF compared to LTS and EIS as a global proxy for LCA comes
from its realistic correlations with various CLs rather than with
a specific CL. However, ELF, LTS, and EIS have a problem in
diagnosing the changes in LCA when noCL (no low-level cloud) is
reported and also when Cu (cumulus) is reported over deserts where
background stratus does not exist. This incorrect diagnosis of noCL
as a cloudy condition is more clearly seen in the analysis of
individual CL frequencies binned by proxy values. If noCL is excluded,
ELF, LTS, and EIS have good inter-CL correlations with the
amount when present (AWP) of individual CLs. In the future, an advanced
ELF needs to be formulated to deal with the decrease in LCA when the
inversion base height is lower than the lifting condensation level to
diagnose cumulus updraft fraction, as well as the amount of stratiform
clouds and detrained cumulus, and to parameterize the scale height as
a function of appropriate environmental variables.
Aerosol and cloud top height information of Envisat MIPAS measurements
Authors: Griessbach Sabine , Hoffmann Lars , Spang Reinhold , Achtert Peggy , von Hobe Marc , Mateshvili Nina , Müller Rolf , Riese Martin , Rolf Christian , Seifert Patric , Vernier Jean-Paul
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Infrared limb emission instruments have a long history in measuring clouds and aerosol. In particular, the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument aboard ESA's Envisat provides 10 years of altitude-resolved global measurements. Previous studies found systematic overestimations and underestimations of cloud top heights for cirrus and polar stratospheric clouds.
To assess the cloud top height information and to characterise its uncertainty for the MIPAS instrument we performed simulations for ice clouds, volcanic ash, and sulfate aerosol. From the simulation results we found that in addition to the known effects of the field-of-view that can lead to a cloud top height overestimation, and broken cloud conditions that can lead to underestimation, the cloud extinction also plays an important role. While for optically thick clouds the possible cloud top height overestimation for MIPAS reaches up to 1.6 km due to the field-of-view, for optically thin clouds and aerosol the systematic underestimation reaches 5.1 km.
For the detection sensitivity and the degree of underestimation of the MIPAS measurements, the cloud layer thickness also plays a role; 1 km thick clouds are detectable down to extinctions of 5×10-4 km−1 and 6 km thick clouds are detectable down to extinctions of 1×10-4 km−1, where the largest underestimations of the cloud top height occur for the optically thinnest clouds with a vertical extent of 6 km.
The relation between extinction coefficient, cloud top height estimate, and layer thickness is confirmed by a comparison of MIPAS cloud top heights of the volcanic sulfate aerosol from the Nabro eruption in 2011 with space- and ground-based lidar measurements and twilight measurements between June 2011 and February 2012. For plumes up to 2 months old, where the extinction was between 1×10-4 and 7×10-4 km−1 and the layer thickness mostly below 4 km, we found for MIPAS an average underestimation of 1.1 km. In the aged plume with extinctions down to 5×10-5 km−1 and layer thicknesses of up to 9.5 km, the underestimation was higher, reaching up to 7.2 km.
The dependency of the cloud top height overestimations or underestimations on the extinction coefficient can explain seemingly contradictory results of previous studies.
In spite of the relatively large uncertainty range of the cloud top height, the comparison of the detection sensitivity towards sulfate aerosol between MIPAS and a suite of widely used UV/VIS limb and IR nadir satellite aerosol measurements shows that MIPAS provides complementary information in terms of detection sensitivity.
Ionospheric Pc1 waves during a storm recovery phase observed by CSES
Authors: Gou Xiaochen , Li Lei , Zhang Yiteng , Zhou Bin , Feng Yongyong , Cheng Bingjun , Liu Ji , Zeren Zhima , Shen Xuhui
Published: March 2020

Abstract. During the storm recovery phase on August 27, 2018, the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) detected Pc1 wave activities both in the Northern and Southern hemispheres in the high latitude post-midnight ionosphere with a central frequency about 2 Hz. Meanwhile, the typical Pc1 waves were simultaneously observed by the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO) stations on the ground for several hours. In this paper, we study the propagation characteristics and possible source regions of those waves. Firstly, we find that the satellites observed Pc1 waves exhibit mixed polarization and the wave normal is almost parallel with the background magnetic field. The field-aligned Poynting fluxes point downward in both hemispheres, implying the satellites are close to the wave injection regions in the ionosphere at about L = 3. Furthermore, we also find that the estimated position of the plasmapause calculated by models is almost at L = 3. Therefore, we suggest the possible sources of waves are near the plasmapause, which is consistent with previous studies that the outward expansion of the plasmasphere into the ring current during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms may generate electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and then these EMIC waves propagate along the background magnetic field northward and southward to the ionosphere at about L = 3. Additionally, the ground station data show that Pc1 wave power attenuates with increasing distance from L = 3, supporting the idea that CSES observes the wave activities near the injection region. The observations are unique in that the Pc1 waves are observed in the ionosphere in nearly conjugate regions, where transvers Alfven waves propagate down into the ionosphere.
Robust Predictors for Seasonal Atlantic Hurricane Activity Identified with Causal Effect Networks
Authors: Pfleiderer Peter , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Geiger Tobias , Kretschmer Marlene
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Atlantic hurricane activity varies substantially from year to year and so do the associated damages. Longer-term forecasting of hurricane risks is a key element to reduce damages and societal vulnerabilities by enabling targeted disaster preparedness and risk reduction measures. While the immediate synoptic drivers of tropical cyclone formation and intensification are increasingly well understood, precursors of hurricane activity on longer time-horizons are still not well established. Here we use a causal network-based algorithm to identify physically motivated late-spring precursors of seasonal Atlantic hurricane activity. Based on these precursors we construct seasonal forecast models with competitive skill compared to operational forecasts. We present a skillful model to forecast July to October cyclone activity at the beginning of April. Earlier seasonal hurricane forecasting provides a multi-month lead time to implement more effective disaster risk reduction measures. Our approach also highlights the potential of applying causal effects network analysis in seasonal forecasting.
Sexual maturity of the small shrimp Potimirim brasiliana Villalobos, 1959 (Crustacea, Atyidae), from the southeastern coast of Brazil
Authors: Machado da Costa Marina , Hoffmann Patrícia , Lemos Gonçalves Geslaine Rafaela , Negreiros-Fransozo Maria Lucia
Published: March 2020

The shrimp Potimirim brasiliana plays an important role in streams along the Brazilian coast as it feeds on the organic debris from the surrounding ecosystem. We determined the morphological sexual maturity of P. brasiliana by means of relative growth. Monthly throughout a year, we used sieves (2 mm mesh diameter) to collect the specimens in a coastal stream. A total of 3,521 specimens had their carapace length (CL) measured, as well as their second pleura length (PL) and the length (AML) and width (AMW) of the appendix masculina. The studied relationships were the following: CL vs. PL; CL vs. AML and CL vs. AMW, with the data adjusted to a logistic equation. All the relationships tested among the demographic groups differed statistically. The CL50 of females measured 3.45 mm, while the CL50 of males measured 2.75 mm. Two adult morphological groups were set apart for each sex. The CL vs. AMW relationship is the best at demonstrating the separation of the morphological groups for males. This fact is an intriguint issue as it suggests the presence of morphotypes in males, probably, playing different roles in the reproductive process.
“To Be or Not to Be?” The Effect of Supervisor-Supervisee Relations on Students’ Completion of Doctoral Studies
Authors: David Omona Andrew
Published: March 2020

This paper analyses the effect of supervisor-supervisee relations on students’ completion of doctoral studies. It argues that, whereas doctoral studies is student focused, the success of the student is hinged on their relations with research supervisors. Three type of relationships: cordial, conflictual and sandwich are highlighted as key determinants of student’s progress. The paper further argues that, whereas supervisors are usually blamed by students as major source of their non-completion, students’ factors also greatly contribute to their completion or non-completion. Hence, to limit attrition numbers of doctoral students, there is need to address negative supervisor-supervisee relational issues.
Senior Faculty Opinions on the Significance of Retirement Age - Employing Natural Language Processing
Authors: Davidovitch Nitza , Eckhaus Eyal
Published: March 2020

This study is a pioneer study examining the significance of retirement in terms of lost investments and outcomes. Research findings on the output of academic faculty and on measures of excellence in higher education indicate that upon retirement the academic institution as an organization loses not only faculty who are still capable of contributing both to research and to teaching, but rather also two other important products: valuable knowledge and experience accumulated by senior faculty in the academic system in light of the institution’s investments in them.

107 questionnaires were collected from senior faculty members in a case study of one academic institution. A combined research method was utilized, consisting of qualitative and statistical analysis, with the aim of exploring the significance of retirement in terms of lost input and output, as perceived by academic faculty members. The research findings indicate that indeed, as perceived by the faculty, academic institutions as an organization lose faculty who are still capable of contributing to both research and teaching, as well as valuable knowledge and experience accumulated by senior faculty members within the academic system, after being nurtured by the academic institution.
Investigating the Key Success Factors of Social Marketing in Promoting Environmental Consciousness: A Dematel-Based Approach
Authors: Liao Chi-Horng
Published: March 2020

Due to the overuse of the environment and natural resources, our environment has suffered long-term damage and natural disasters have been exacerbated by climate change, resulting in a significant impact on people’s livelihood and security. People must consider saving the environment as everyone’s responsibility. Hence, Environmental consciousness should be promoted to inspire public participation. This study used the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to identify the key success factors of social marketing in promoting environmental consciousness. The DEMATEL method has been proven highly effective in gathering the views of experts and thereby providing information of greater reliability in many areas. The results of this research suggest that “Take advantage of existing successful campaign”, “Using appropriate media channel to increase the participation”, and “Enhancing campaign success by appropriate research” are the main strategies for promoting environmental consciousness. The findings of this study may be used in future success factor evaluations where social marketing is compared with other measures aiming to increase the efficiency of the campaign.
Effect of Gangue Distributions on Cutting Force and Specific Energy in Coal Cutting
Authors: Jiang Kao , Gao Kuidong , Wan Lirong
Published: March 2020

Coal consists of diverse materials, and gangue is one of the most common ones. At present, most mathematical models about cutting force and specific energy in the cutting process have not taken gangue minerals in coal seams into consideration. The gangue distribution function is proposed to simulate situations in which gangue minerals are in different distributions. Moreover, the cutting force due to gangue mineral at different heights is also obtained with the finite element method. Combined with the gangue distribution function, the increased cutting force due to gangue minerals can be obtained for any gangue distribution. The present paper also proposes a new mathematical model to calculate the increased specific energy under different gangue distributions. The results show that the gangue distribution function is useful for simulating various situations of gangue distributions in coal seams. Under dispersive gangue distribution in coal seams, the increased mean cutting force, as well as the increased specific energy, is less influenced by gangue distribution, and it tends to be a constant. These results can be useful for the related research on coal cutting under complicated conditions.
Ekstraksi senyawa fenolik antioksidan dari daun dan tangkai gambir
Authors: Gani Margareth , Cuaca Yesisca , Ayucitra Aning , Indraswati Nani
Published: March 2020

Extraction of phenolic compounds from leaves and stems of uncaria gambirGambir (Uncaria gambir) contains catechin polyphenols (catechins) which is useful as natural antioxidant to counteract free radicals. Gambir may also be used in modern medicine, also as paint or dye clothing. The objective of this research was to study the effect of type of solvent, solvent concentration, and extraction temperature to the yield and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of extracts. Gambir was firstly blended without the addition of water prior to extraction using a solvent extraction method. The filtrate was separated from solid residue and evaporated to obtain extract powder. The yield and TPC of the resulting extract powder were then analyzed. Antioxidant activity and catechins content of extracts were also studied. As result, the following extraction condition gave extracts with the highest yield and TPC: with 50% ethanol solution as solvent at 75 oC gave 11.12% and 52.352 g GAE/100 g gambir extract, respectively; whilst with 70% ethyl acetate solution as solvent at 65 oC gave 5.28% and 59.346 g GAE/100 g gambir extract, respectively. The antioxidant activity of extracts, calculated as IC50, for solvent ethanol and ethyl acetate were as follows: 8.9 mg extract/mL and 13.8 mg extract/mL, respectively; whilst the catechins content of extracts were 62,18% and 44,85%, respectively.Keywords: Uncaria gambir, solvent extraction, catechins, antioxidants AbstrakGambir (Uncaria gambir) mengandung polifenol katekin (catechin) yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan antioksidan alami yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas. Selain itu, gambir juga dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan obat-obatan modern dan pewarna cat atau pakaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis pelarut, konsentrasi pelarut, dan suhu ekstraksi terhadap perolehan dan kandungan senyawa fenolik (TPC) ekstrak gambir. Daun dan tangkai gambir mula-mula diblender tanpa penambahan air. Proses ekstraksi gambir dilakukan pada berbagai jenis pelarut, konsentrasi pelarut, dan suhu ekstraksi denganmetode ekstraksi pelarut. Setelah padatan dipisahkan dengan pelarutnya, pelarut diuapkan untuk mendapatkan serbuk ekstrak gambir. Serbuk ekstrak gambir dianalisis perolehan dan kandungan senyawa fenoliknya. Aktivitas antioksidan dan kadar katekin ekstrak juga dianalisis. Ekstrak daun gambir dengan perolehan dan TPC tertinggi untuk pelarut etanol (11,12% dan 52,352 g GAE/100 g gambir ekstrak) diperoleh pada konsentrasi etanol 50% dan suhu ekstraksi 75oC. Untuk pelarut etil asetat, perolehan dan TPC tertinggi (5,28% dan 59,346 g GAE/100 g gambir ekstrak) diperoleh pada konsentrasi etil asetat 70% dan suhu ekstraksi 65 oC. Pada masing-masing kondisi terbaik tersebut, ekstrak yang didapat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan (dalam IC50) dan kadar katekin sebesar 8,9 mg ekstrak/mL dan 62,18% untuk ekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol serta 13,8 mg ekstrak/mL dan 44,85% untuk pelarut etil asetat.Kata kunci: Uncaria gambir, ekstraksi pelarut, katekin, antioksidan
Pengaruh pH dan Jenis Pelarut terhadap Ekstraksi Batch Asam 6-Aminopenisilinat
Authors: Aliwarga Lienda , Reynard Reynard , Yasmani Iga Putri , Puspasari Mia
Published: March 2020

Abstrak. Asam 6-aminopenisilinat (6-APA) merupakan bahan dasar pembuatan penisilin semi-sintetis. Dalam skala komersial, 6-APA dapat diproduksi dengan cara enzimatis atau kimiawi. Pada umumnya, produksi 6-APA dilakukan secara enzimatis, yaitu dengan mengkonversi penisilin G menjadi 6-APA dengan bantuan penisilin asilase. Karena konversi merupakan reaksi kesetimbangan, maka produk yang didapat adalah campuran penisilin G, 6-APA, dan asam fenil asetat (PAA) sehingga untuk memperoleh 6-APA murni dilakukan proses ekstraksi, pemekatan, dan kristalisasi. Proses ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa variabel operasi, yaitu temperatur, pH, dan jenis pelarut. Dalam penelitian ini akan dipelajari pengaruh pH dan jenis pelarut terhadap proses pemisahan 6-APA. Temperatur operasi adalah kondisi ruang dan perbandingan volume pelarut dengan volume larutan yang akan diekstraksi adalah 1:1. Variasi pH ekstraksi dilakukan antara rentang 2,0-5,0, sedangkan jenis pelarut yang digunakan adalah n-butil asetat, iso butil asetat, metil isobutil keton, dan iso amil asetat. Rentang pH terbaik untuk pemisahan 6-APA adalah 2,0-3,0 dengan pelarut metil isobutil keton. Pada kondisi ini, perolehan penisilin G adalah 98%, 6-APA 5%, dan PAA 99%. Sebagian besar 6-APA pada fase aquatik dapat diproses untuk pemurnian selanjutnya. Kata kunci: Penisilin G, 6-APA, PAA, ekstraksi, pelarut, pH. Abstract. Influence of pH and Solvent Types on 6-Aminopenicillinic Acid Batch Extraction. 6-aminopenicillinic acid (6-APA) is the raw material for producing semi-synthetic penicillin. In commercial scale, penicillin G is converted into 6-APA enzymatically by penicillin acylase. Due to the nature of equilibrium reaction, the products are in mixture solution of penicillin G, 6-APA, and phenyl acetic acid (PAA). In order to purify the targeted 6-APA, steps of extraction, concentration, and crystallisation are thereby compulsory. Extraction process is influenced by operation variables, among other things, temperature, pH, and solvent types. In this experiment, we observed the aspects of pH and solvent type, while temperature was set in room condition. Volume ratio of solvent to extracted solution was 1:1 and pH was varied between 2.0 and 5.0. There were four solvents tested: n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, and isoamyl acetate. The results suggested that optimum process was attained from pH 2.0 to 3.0, using methyl isobutyl ketone as solvent. In this regard, the yield of penicillin G (98%), 6-APA 95%) and PAA (99%); hence, most of the 6-APA was concentrated within the aquatic phase, representing the ease of further process. Keywords: Penicillin G, 6-APA, PAA, extraction, solvent, pH. Graphical Abstract
Online Videos at Newspaper Websites: A Literature Review
Authors: Hallgren Niclas , Nylund Mats
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of research in online video on newspapers’ websites. The article identifies a number of relevant issues in production and business models and presents research results concerning the production and consumption of online news videos. Advertising in relation to online news videos is also examined.
Těhotenství v perspektivě sociálních věd
Authors: Marhánková Jaroslava Hasmanová
Published: March 2020

Zkušenost těhotenství v sobě obsahuje zásadní paradox. Na jednu stranu se jedná o vysoce subjektivní prožitek ženy dotýkající se jejího individuálního života a těla, na druhou stranu představuje nutnou podmínku reprodukce společnosti. Tento text se snaží o zachycení této ambivalentnost a představení těhotenství jako sociálního faktu, který přes svou výsostně intimní povahu zároveň představuje prostor pro analýzu otázek konstrukce genderu, norem mateřství, disciplinace ženského těla a kontroly reprodukce. Nahlíží na těhotenství ze dvou úhlů pohledu - jako na zkušenost, která je výlučnou součástí ženské subjektivity a která zakládá specifickou ženskou zkušenost, a zároveň jako na proces, který je hluboce zakotvený v institucionálních rámcích a společenských představách vhodného ženské těla a mateřství.
Sexism or Fair Play
Authors: McCalla Sandra ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2020

It is true that not all women are born equal, and likewise, not all men are born equal, so before the game even starts, there are some athletes with longer legs, bigger hands and unusually high testosterone levels. These are natural properties and structures that have the potential to cause an unfair advantage. It is argued that since athletes are not born equal, natural properties should not be controlled or suppressed but ought to be considered as fair play in sports. Forcing intersex female athletes to lower their testosterone levels to compete is not only sexist and discriminatory, it is unethical. The question of fair play is at the forefront here as I seek to work from the premise that natural inequalities have always existed and will continue to exist in competitive sports. As long as these exist, competitions will not be fair. Since athletes have no control over these natural inequalities, they are neither causally nor morally responsible for them.
Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program
Authors: Galea Horia R.
Published: March 2020

Sixteen aglaopheniid hydroids occurring in two recent, deep water collections from off New Caledonia are reported upon, of which 8 species are new, namely Cladocarpus asymmetricus sp. nov., C. partitus sp. nov., C. pennatus sp. nov., Lytocarpia fragilis sp. nov., L. pilosa sp. nov., L. pseudoctenata sp. nov., L. subtilis sp. nov. and Macrorhynchia spiralis sp. nov., the latter producing medusoid gonophores. Although not occurring in the present collections, brief notes on M. disjuncta (Pictet, 1893), including the first description of its gonosome, are provided to support its specific separation from M. phoenicea (Busk, 1852).
Placental Morphology and Cellular Characteristics in Stillbirths in Women With Diabetes and Unexplained Stillbirths
Authors: Kerby Alan , Shingleton Daniel , Batra Gauri , Sharps Megan C. , Baker Bernadette C. , Heazell Alexander E.P.
Published: March 2020

Context.—

Women with diabetes have increased stillbirth risk. Although the underlying pathophysiological processes are poorly understood, stillbirth is frequently related to abnormal placental structure and function.

Objective.—

To investigate placental morphology and cellular characteristics in the placentas of women with diabetes who had stillbirths and stillbirths of unexplained cause.

Design.—

Placentas from women with uncomplicated live births, live births in women with diabetes, unexplained stillbirths, and stillbirths related to diabetes (n = 10/group) underwent clinical histopathologic assessment and were also investigated using immunohistochemical staining to quantify syncytial nuclear aggregates, proliferation, trophoblast area, vascularization, T cells, placental macrophages (Hofbauer cells), and the receptor for advanced glycation end products.

Results.—

Ki67+ cells were decreased in unexplained stillbirths compared with live births in women with diabetes. Both stillbirth groups had increased cytokeratin 7+/nuclear area compared with controls. Blood vessels/villi were decreased in unexplained stillbirth compared with live births from women with diabetes. Compared with uncomplicated controls, CD163+ macrophages were increased in live births in women with diabetes and unexplained stillbirths, and further increased in stillbirths related to diabetes. There was no change in CD3+ T cells or syncytial nuclear aggregates. Receptor for advanced glycation end products–positive cells were decreased in both stillbirth groups compared with diabetes-related live births. Co-localization of receptor for advanced glycation end products in macrophages was increased in both stillbirth groups compared with live birth groups.

Conclusions.—

Stillbirths related to diabetes exhibit placental phenotypic differences compared with live births. Further investigation of these parameters may provide understanding of the pathologic mechanisms of stillbirth and aid the development of stillbirth prevention strategies.
The Improvement of the Agricultural Yields Forecasting Model Using the Software Product “Land Viewer”
Authors: Kolodiy Pavlо , Pіdlypna Maryna
Published: March 2020

Using the data of the remote sensing the Earth, new opportunities in assessing the state of agricultural crops and yield forecasting have been considered. In addition to the above-ground information, as shown by numerous studies conducted earlier, most parameters of the germination and development of agricultural crops can be restored and used from satellite images. Thanks to the software product “Land Viewer”, which enables pictures to be taken from Landsat 4, 5, 7, 8, Sentinel 2 and Terra satellites, and it will provide improving the model and assessment of the biomass potential of agricultural crops. The data obtained from remote sensing during the cropping season, show the in-formation on the condition of agricultural crops sown according to the vegetation stages (photosynthesis process) in crops. At various levels of development, in terms of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the seasonal pattern of crops photosynthesis is well reflected, which is associated with the above-ground biomass. The results have been presented in the current model of crop yield forecasting. The improved forecasting model enables significant increases in the economic efficiency of the research, and ensure the accuracy of the data on the physiological processes of agricultural crops, yields, and efficiency of obtaining the data on the research object.
Embodied time and the out-of-body experience of the self
Authors: Droit-Volet Sylvie , Monceau Sophie , Dambrun Michaël , Martinelli Natalia
Published: March 2020

Using an out-of-body paradigm, the present study provided further empirical evidence for the theory of embodied time by suggesting that the body-self plays a key role in time judgments. Looking through virtual reality glasses, the participants saw the arm of a mannequin instead of their own arm. They had to judge the duration of the interval between two (perceived) touches applied to the mannequin’s body after a series of strokes had been viewed being made to the mannequin and tactile strokes had been administered to the participants themselves. These strokes were administered either synchronously or asynchronously. During the interval, a pleasant (touch with a soft paintbrush) or an unpleasant stimulation (touch with a pointed knife) was applied to the mannequin. The results showed that the participants felt the perceived tactile stimulations in their own bodies more strongly after the synchronous than the asynchronous stroking condition, a finding which is consistent with the out-of-body illusion. In addition, the interval duration was judged longer in the synchronous than in the asynchronous condition. This time distortion increased the greater the individual out-of-body experience was. Our results therefore highlight the importance of the awareness of the body-self in the processing of time, i.e., the significance of embodied time.