bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Patterns of Polyvictimization and Their Associations with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Israeli Population
Authors: Vang Maria Louison , Ben‐Ezra Menachem , Shevlin Mark
Published: October 2019

Although evidence is accumulating for the conceptual validity of the ICD‐11 proposal for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD), our understanding of the specificity of trauma‐related predictors is still evolving. Specifically, studies utilizing advanced statistical methods to model the association between trauma exposure and ICD‐11 proposals of traumatic stress and differences in profiles of trauma exposure are lacking. Additionally, time since trauma and a clear memory of the trauma are yet to be examined as predictors of PTSD and CPTSD. We analyzed trauma exposure as reported by a general population sample of Israeli adults (N = 834), using latent class analysis, and the resultant classes were used in regression models to predict PTSD and CPTSD operationalized both dimensionally and categorically. Four distinct groups were identified: child and adult interpersonal victimization, community victimization–male, community victimization–female, and adult victimization. These groups were differentially related to PTSD and CPTSD, with only child and adult interpersonal victimization consistently predicting CPTSD and disturbances in self‐organization. When modeled dimensionally, PTSD was associated with the child and adult interpersonal victimization and adult victimization groups, whereas only the child and adult interpersonal victimization group was predictive of PTSD when operationalized categorically. The roles of time since trauma and a clear memory of the trauma differed across PTSD and CPTSD. These findings support the use of trauma typologies for predicting PTSD and CPTSD and provide important insight into the distribution of trauma exposure in the Israeli population.
Comparative assessment of temporal changes in soil degradation under four contrasting land‐use options along a tropical toposequence
Authors: Alarima Cornelius I. , Annan‐Afful Ebenezer , Obalum Sunday E. , Awotunde Joseph M. , Masunaga Tsugimasu , Igwe Charles A. , Wakatsuki Toshiyuki
Published: October 2019

Assessment of land‐use types has conventionally been on spatial rather than temporal scales, thus limiting the inference on relative potential of land‐use types against soil degradation, needed to validate their allotment to ecosystems on agricultural watersheds. The study assessed the changes in key indices of soil degradation among four land‐use systems of West African 'watershed' agroforestry development over about a decade (1999–2011) along a toposequence in Central Ghana. The land‐use systems were grass‐dominated natural fallow (Fallow), cocoa plantation (CPT), traditional rice farm (TRF), andSawahecotechnology for wet inland valley rice farm (Sawah), with sampled land areas covering 2,000, 1,500, 4,500, and 6400 m2, respectively. In 1999 and 2011, soil samples were taken from 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60‐cm depths. Samples were collected from about the same spots in both years. The samples were analyzed for selected physicochemical parameters and, for each land‐use option and depth, comparison made between 1999 and 2011. A mean‐weighted decadal change in degradation status was used to rank the land‐use options. Most of the decadal changes in soil properties (including available micronutrients) were negative, with about two‐third of the significant changes in the top (0–20 cm) soils. For instance, soil pH tended to decrease in 2011 compared with 1999; the decreases (14.51%) were significant in the topsoils underSawahwhere no other index showed significant decline. Topsoil total carbon decreased under TRF (49.08%) and CPT (32.80%). Available phosphorus marginally increased only underSawah. The overall aggregate scores for the mean‐weighted decadal change in degradation status showed that the land‐use options differed in their potential to resist degradation:Sawah(slight), Fallow (mild), and TRF/CPT (moderate). Our findings highlight the extent of temporal changes in soil degradation under different topo‐positions in tropical African ecosystems while pointing to the superiority ofSawahecotechnology. Increased use of this soil‐and‐water management system in lowland rice farming could, therefore, have some soil conservation benefits.
Filling a void: Analysis of early tropical soil and vegetative recovery under leguminous, post‐coal mine reforestation plantations in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Woodbury David J. , Yassir Ishak , Arbainsyah  , Doroski Danica A. , Queenborough Simon A. , Ashton Mark S.
Published: October 2019

Land degradation in Borneo, one of the world's richest biodiversity hotspots, is extensive. In East Kalimantan, 5,000,000 ha of land are zoned for surface‐mined coal. Deforestation from this mining threatens biodiversity and results in soil degradation, erosion, and polluted runoff, all directly impacting human populations. Revegetation methods developed for temperate forests are commonly used globally for mine rehabilitation. However, few empirical studies of native forest restoration as part of mine rehabilitation exist from wet tropical regions. Here, a chronosequence was established to observe forest succession under leguminous plantations at the PT Singlurus Pratama coal mine in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Soil and natural regeneration data were recorded from samples of ten 20 × 60‐m plots randomly located in plantings aged 2, 7, and, 9 years postmining. Linear models (LMEMs) did not reveal greater soil pH, woody plant diversity, or soil phosphorus and nitrogen in older plantings. Rather, they showed higher soil carbon in older plantings, whereas nitrogen and pH were positively correlated with woody species diversity and abundance. Graminoids were less abundant, but ferns were more abundant in older sites in an ordination analysis. The implications are exotic tree plantations shade‐out competitive understory herbaceous species (such as graminoids), opening growing space for other vegetation. However, the establishment of woody species is spatially limited possibly by differences in soil degradation among sites. Our results suggest that planting leguminous trees alone may not be sufficient to restore native forests, and future management should conserve and facilitate the establishment of tropical forest topsoil.
Rayleigh‐Instability‐Induced Transformation for Confined Polystyrene Nanotubes Prepared Using the Solvent‐Vapor‐Induced Wetting Method
Authors: Fang Zhi‐Xuan , Chu Chien‐Wei , Tsai Chia‐Chan , Chang Chun‐Wei , Cheng Ming‐Hsiang , Chang Chia‐Chih , Chen Jiun‐Tai
Published: October 2019

Polystyrene (PS) nanotubes prepared using the solvent‐vapor‐induced wetting method with anodic aluminum oxide templates are for the first time applied to study the thermal stabilities of polymer nanotubes confined in cylindrical geometries. The morphologies of the PS nanotubes and the corresponding transformed PS nanostructures driven by the Rayleigh instabilities after thermal annealing treatments are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Morphology diagrams of the Rayleigh‐instability‐induced nanostructures for PS nanotubes prepared via the solvent‐vapor‐induced wetting method and the solution wetting method are constructed to study the differences in kinetics for samples using different wetting methods. Slower transformation kinetics for the PS samples prepared by the solvent‐vapor‐induced wetting method than those prepared by the solution wetting method are observed, indicating the better thermal stabilities and the relatively denser packings of the polymer chains in the nanopores for the PS samples prepared using the solvent‐vapor‐induced wetting method.
The Parkinson's Disease Mendelian Randomization Research Portal
Authors: Noyce Alastair J. , Bandres‐Ciga Sara , Kim Jonggeol , Heilbron Karl , Kia Demis , Hemani Gibran , Xue Angli , Lawlor Debbie A. , Smith George Davey , Duran Raquel , Gan‐Or Ziv , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Gibbs J. Raphael ,   23andMe Research Team, International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), Hinds David A. , Yang Jian , Visscher Peter , Cuzick Jack , Morris Huw , Hardy John , Wood Nicholas W. , Nalls Mike A. , Singleton Andrew B.
Published: October 2019

Background

Mendelian randomization is a method for exploring observational associations to find evidence of causality.

Objective

To apply Mendelian randomization between risk factors/phenotypic traits (exposures) and PD in a large, unbiased manner, and to create a public resource for research.

Methods

We used two‐sample Mendelian randomization in which the summary statistics relating to single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from 5,839 genome‐wide association studies of exposures were used to assess causal relationships with PD. We selected the highest‐quality exposure genome‐wide association studies for this report (n = 401). For the disease outcome, summary statistics from the largest published PD genome‐wide association studies were used. For each exposure, the causal effect on PD was assessed using the inverse variance weighted method, followed by a range of sensitivity analyses. We used a false discovery rate of 5% from the inverse variance weighted analysis to prioritize exposures of interest.

Results

We observed evidence for causal associations between 12 exposures and risk of PD. Of these, nine were effects related to increasing adiposity and decreasing risk of PD. The remaining top three exposures that affected PD risk were tea drinking, time spent watching television, and forced vital capacity, but these may have been biased and were less convincing. Other exposures at nominal statistical significance included inverse effects of smoking and alcohol.

Conclusions

We present a new platform which offers Mendelian randomization analyses for a total of 5,839 genome‐wide association studies versus the largest PD genome‐wide association studies available (https://pdgenetics.shinyapps.io/MRportal/). Alongside, we report further evidence to support a causal role for adiposity on lowering the risk of PD. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Using a 2x‐thru standard to achieve accurate de‐embedding of measurements
Authors: Ellison Jason , Smith Stephen B. , Agili Sedig
Published: October 2019

The broadband measurement of interconnects and on‐board devices requires the usage of test fixtures in order to connect to the measurement instrumentation. Proper assessment of the device performance requires removal of the effects of these test fixtures which is done using a de‐embedding procedure. Previous de‐embedding procedures such as Thru‐Reflect‐Line (TRL), Line‐Reflect‐Match (LRM) and other similar methods require the measurement of multiple standards. Alternatively, some methods such as thru de‐embedding techniques require measurement of one standard with explicit computation of only two or three of the four error terms. This is justified by using the sometimes questionable assumption of fixture reciprocity. Prior art also does not include derivation of all of the required equations. Proposed and explained in detail here is the usage of a 2x‐thru standard which is manipulated to derive complete fixture models without making assumptions about reciprocity or symmetry. Subsequently these models are mathematically removed from the indirect measurement, thus isolating the performance of the DUT. In contrast to prior art, this method uses only one standard instead of three, and it computes all four terms to make a complete fixture model. Several test cases are presented which illustrate the accuracy and validity of the 2x‐thru method for broadband applications.
Modified fast adaptive scatter kernel superposition (mfASKS) correction and its dosimetric impact on CBCT‐based proton therapy dose calculation
Authors: Nomura Yusuke , Xu Qiong , Peng Hao , Takao Seishin , Shimizu Shinichi , Xing Lei , Shirato Hiroki
Published: October 2019

Purpose

While cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is able to provide patient anatomical information, its image quality is severely degraded due to scatter contamination, which degrades the accuracy of CBCT‐based dose distribution estimation in proton therapy. In this work, we combined two existing scatter kernel correction methods: the point‐spread function (PSF)‐based scatter kernel derivation method and the fast adaptive scatter kernel superposition (fASKS) model, and evaluated the impact of the modified fASKS (mfASKS) correction on the accuracy of proton dose distribution estimation. To evaluate feasibility of the mfASKS approach using accurate scatter distributions, both Monte Carlo simulations and experiments were performed for an on‐board CBCT machine integrated with a proton therapy machine.

Methods

We developed a strategy to modify central intensity, constant intensity, and amplitude of the scatter kernels derived from PSFs for the fASKS model. A parameter required for the fASKS model was derived by optimizing uniformity in the mfASKS‐corrected reconstructed images. Subsequently, the mfASKS model was used to remove scatter in CBCT imaging. We quantitatively compared the Hounsfield Unit (HU) and proton stopping power ratio (SPR) images for five different phantoms. To assess improvement of dose calculation accuracy, a series of proton treatment plans were produced using the CBCT images with and without the mfASKS correction.

Results

The accuracies of both HU and SPR intensity quantifications are improved as a result of the mfASKS correction. Mean absolute water‐equivalent path length difference to the true value decreases from 10.3 to 0.934 mm for the Gammex phantom (simulation). At the same time, mfASKS is able to offer more accurate dose distributions, especially at the distal fall‐off region where noticeable dose overestimation is observed in the uncorrected scenario. Mean absolute relative error of proton range in the pelvic phantom improves from 5.03% to 2.57% (experiment).

Conclusions

mfASKS enables more accurate CBCT‐based proton dose calculation. This technique has significant implications in image‐guided radiotherapy and dose verifications in adaptive proton therapy.
Toward the combined optimization of dynamic axes (CODA) for stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery using fixed couch trajectories
Authors: MacDonald R. Lee , Syme Alasdair , Little Brian , Ward Lucy , Thomas Christopher G.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

To develop a novel system for patient‐specific combined optimization of couch, collimator, and gantry angles for use in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment planning. The system was designed to produce highly compact dose distributions by extensively sampling the 4π space. Automated fixed couch trajectory planning was used to reduce normal tissue doses by avoiding beams‐eye‐view (BEV) overlap with organs‐at‐risk (OARs) and improve monitor unit (MU) efficiency through collimator angle optimization.

Methods

By merging distinct BEV objective functions used to optimize the couch rotation angle and collimator angle, a three‐dimensional (3D) cost space (the CODA cube) was constructed with axes of gantry, couch, and collimator rotation angles. At each voxel in this CODA cube, the cost of implementing this combination of axes positions in fixed couch trajectories was quantified. The CODA cube was sampled and explored using a modified constrained Bellman‐Ford algorithm to suggest low‐cost fixed candidate arcs on each plane of the space, from which 10‐arcs are chosen throughout the 3D space using a k‐means clustering algorithm. These fixed couch trajectories were then imported into the Eclipse treatment planning system (v.11) and inverse‐optimized according to clinical standards. Eight artificial cranial targets were contoured in a test‐patient anatomy, and seven treatment plans were generated from combinations of three and four targets. The CODA cube optimized plans were compared to standard 4‐arc VMAT plans for cranial stereotactic radiotherapy/surgery that were optimized for the same sets of targets; maximum dose to each OAR, V12Gy to normal brain, conformity, and total MUs were compared. Both planning methods were inverse‐optimized with identical dosimetric objectives.

Results

CODA plans resulted in a reduction in maximum dose to OARs of 20.6% (P < 0.01), with maximum brainstem dose decreased by 2.63 Gy (P = 0.031) on average when compared to the standard arc arrangement. The mean reduction in total MU was 8.6% (P = 0.156), the mean increase in the inverse of the van’t Riet conformation number was 0.1%, (P = 0.67) and the mean decrease in normal brain tissue receiving 12 Gy or higher was 3.9% (P = 0.16), when compared to the standard VMAT arc configuration (n = 7).

Conclusions

The optimization of couch, collimator, and gantry angles simultaneously using a 3D optimization space achieved improvement on multiple clinical metrics when compared to the standard VMAT arc configuration. A statistically significant sparing to OAR maximum doses was seen. Combining these optimizations may yield superior results to independent optimization.
Population Ecology and Evaluation of Suppression Scenarios for Introduced Utah Chub
Authors: Roth Curtis J. , Beard Zachary S. , Flinders Jon M. , Quist Michael C.
Published: October 2019

Introduced Utah Chub Gila atraria were first sampled in Henrys Lake, Idaho, in 1993, and their presence in the system is a concern given possible interactions with sport fishes. Our objective was to describe the population dynamics of Utah Chub in Henrys Lake. A total of 362 Utah Chub was sampled via gill nets, with an average catch rate of 20.5 fish/net-night (SE = 6.0) during May 2016. Average TL was 210 mm (SE = 3), and average weight was 134 g (SE = 5). Pectoral fin rays were used to provide estimates of growth and age structure. Utah Chub varied in age from 2 to 12 years, and recruitment was stable (recruitment coefficient of determination = 0.96). Estimated total annual mortality was 40% (SE = 4%). Fecundity of Utah Chub in Henrys Lake increased with length and varied from 6,232 to 156,797 eggs/female. Age-structured population models were constructed using the demographics data, and estimated average population growth rate over a 10-year period was 1.17. This study provides a comprehensive description of Utah Chub population dynamics and insight on their management in systems where they are not native. This information is not only useful for guiding management actions but also serves to further our understanding of Utah Chub ecology.
High Yielding Acid‐Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Polysaccharides and Native Biomass into Low Molecular Weight Sugars in Mixed Ionic Liquid Systems
Authors: Bodachivskyi Iurii , Kuzhiumparambil Unnikrishnan , Bradley G. Williams D.
Published: October 2019

Ionic media comprising 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and the acidic deep eutectic solvent choline chloride/oxalic acid as co‐solvent‐catalyst, very efficiently convert various cellulosic substrates, including native cellulosic biomass, into water‐soluble carbohydrates. The optimum reaction systems yield a narrow range of low molecular weight carbohydrates directly from cellulose, lignocellulose, or algal saccharides, in high yields and selectivities up to 98 %. Cellulose possesses significant potential as a renewable platform from which to generate large volumes of green replacements to many petrochemical products. Within this goal, the production of low molecular weight saccharides from cellulosic substances is the key to success. Native cellulose and lignocellulosic feedstocks are less accessible for such transformations and depolymerisation of polysaccharides remains a primary challenge to be overcome. In this study, we identify the catalytic activity associated with selected deep eutectic solvents that favours the hydrolysis of polysaccharides and develop reaction conditions to improve the outcomes of desirable low molecular weight sugars. We successfully apply the chemistry to raw bulk, non‐pretreated cellulosic substances.
Analysis of the literature on political marketing using a bibliometric approach
Authors: Perannagari Krishna Teja , Chakrabarti Somnath
Published: October 2019

The current study presents a quantitative investigation of the literature on political marketing using a bibliometric approach. This study has analyzed 214 documents collected from the Web of Science database for the period between 1996 and 2018 using VOSviewer software and bibliometrix R package. Based on the insights gained from the analysis, the authors discuss the structural characteristics of various scientific agents involved in the publication process. The results of this study indicate that the literature on political marketing is highly fragmented and is still in its nascent stages. It further stresses the need to improve collaboration among researchers and promote this discipline within the research community.
Predicting Response to Epidural Steroid Injections for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Biomarkers and Electromyography
Authors: Lin Chung‐Kuang , Borresen Aleksander , Kroll Mitchell , Annaswamy Thiru M.
Published: October 2019

Background

Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) may be beneficial for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) symptoms. Past studies found interferon‐gamma, fibronectin‐aggrecan complex, and electromyography (EMG) to predict patients' response to ESIs for other spinal pathologies, but no similar studies have been done for LSS.

Objective

To explore the ability of biomarkers and EMG to help predict outcome after ESI in LSS.

Design

Prospective observational cohort.

Setting

The physical medicine & rehabilitation spine clinic at a tertiary care center.

Participants

Eleven patients with LSS were recruited from the spine clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Interventions

Participants underwent one interlaminar ESI. Before ESI, the following data were collected: pain intensity on visual analog scale (VAS), disability via the Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) and LSS symptoms via the Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire (SSSQ), serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein level, standard diagnostic EMG, assay of epidural lavasate (epidural saline lavage performed immediately prior to ESI) and serum cytokine biomarkers indicative of inflammation.

Outcome Measures

Leg pain intensity (VAS), disability (PDQ), LSS symptoms (SSSQ) and satisfaction (SSSQ satisfaction subscale) were assessed at 1 and 2 months following ESI. Pearson correlational coefficients were calculated between independent variables and outcome measures.

Results

Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) level positively correlated with improvement on 2‐month satisfaction. Abnormal EMG finding of radiculopathy positively correlated with improvement in PDQ score at 1 month. Epidural cytokine levels were not detectable in most samples, except for scattered marginally elevated levels in a few cytokines such as MCP‐1, RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) and interleukin‐1b.

Conclusions

This exploratory pilot study revealed that some biomarkers and EMG findings indicative of inflammation and nerve root injury may be predictive of improvement following ESI in patients with LSS. The results of this study will be used to inform a fully powered study to further evaluate these relationships in LSS patients.
Assessing Depression Following Injury or Illness: Preliminary Validation of the Neuropsychology.Org Measures of Anxiety and Depression (NOMAD) Scale
Authors: Jacobson Kristin , Faris Allison , Olson Alexis , DeBellis Michael , Wanlass Richard
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Evaluation is an important aspect of any evidence‐based rehabilitation program, as it helps to determine the course and scope of the prescribed therapy. Several brief, empirically validated measures of depression are available, yet these measures lack a few innovative features that are useful when evaluating rehabilitation and other medical populations. Such features include a retrospective self‐report of premorbid psychological status, embedded symptom validity measures, and means of quickly accounting for physiological symptoms directly resulting from injury or illness that may not indicate psychological distress.

Objective

This was a preliminary study investigating the utility and psychometric properties, including normative data, of the Neuropsychology.Org Measures of Anxiety and Depression (NOMAD) Depression scale. This brief screening measure for rehabilitation and other medical patients provides ratings of current and preinjury/illness depression levels, and a screening for symptom magnification and minimization.

Design

Clinical and control participants completed the NOMAD Depression scale. Clinical participants also completed some or all of the following criterion standard measures: Beck Depression Inventory—Second Edition (BDI‐II), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R).

Setting

University hospital–based rehabilitation psychology and neuropsychology clinic and a private neuropsychology and pain psychology practice.

Participants

Convenience sample of 575 adults referred for neuropsychological or psychological evaluation, along with 85 undergraduate control subjects.

Main Outcome Measurements

NOMAD Depression scale results were correlated with criterion standards. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

Results

The NOMAD Depression scale demonstrated moderate convergent validity with other brief mood measures: correlation coefficients (r = .76 to .87, P < .001). Adequate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were found (area under the curve [AUC] = .81). Suggested cut‐off scores for severity ranges are presented for the NOMAD Depression scale Total score and separately for the Cognitive‐Affective subscale.

Conclusions

These preliminary results suggest that the NOMAD Depression scale may be clinically useful for quick assessment of mood and mood change following injury/illness in rehabilitation and other health care contexts.
Fungal isolate and crop cultivar influence the beneficial effects of root inoculation with entomopathogenic fungi in strawberry
Authors: Canassa Fernanda , D'Alessandro Celeste P , Sousa Sidcleide B , Demétrio Clarice GB , Meyling Nicolai V , Klingen Ingeborg , Delalibera Italo
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Root inoculations of crop plants with beneficial fungi constitute a promising strategy for growth promotion and control of above‐ground pests and diseases. Here, strawberry roots (cultivar ‘Albion’ and ‘Pircinque’) were inoculated with 25 different Brazilian entomopathogenic fungal isolates of three genera and the effects on Tetranychus urticae oviposition and plant growth were evaluated in greenhouse experiments.

RESULTS

Reductions in the number of T. urticae eggs compared to control treatments were observed on both cultivars inoculated with almost all isolates. For the cultivar ‘Albion’, Metarhizium anisopliae (ESALQ 1604, ESALQ 1669), M. robertsii (ESALQ 1622, ESALQ 1635), Metarhizium sp. Indet. (ESALQ 1684) and Beauveria bassiana (ESALQ 3323) increased dry weight of roots and leaves, and fruit yield, while M. robertsii (ESALQ 1634), Metarhizium sp. Indet. (ESALQ 1637) and (ESALQ 1636) enhanced fruit yield and dry weight of leaves, respectively. For the cultivar ‘Pircinque’, M. anisopliae (ESALQ 1669) was the only isolate observed to increase dry weight of roots.

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that inoculation of strawberry roots with entomopathogenic fungi may be an innovative strategy for pest management above ground. Furthermore, these inoculations may also stimulate plant growth and strawberry production, but the effects depend on fungal strains and crop cultivar. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Resisting Epistemic Blackout: Illustrating Afrocentric Methodology in a Kenyan Classroom
Authors: Wandera David B.
Published: October 2019

This article is based on the assumption that indigenous communities have a capacity to generate knowledge, and this capacity is largely underutilized or peripheralized in mainstream research. In this empirical qualitative study, the author makes a case for employing local non‐Western analytic tools, in addition to Western analytic tools, to develop a fuller understanding of literacy practices in non‐Western spaces. Through an interepistemic synergy approach, the author employed indexicality and interactional sociolinguistics on the one hand and Afrocentric methodology on the other hand in analyzing data produced in a grades 5 and 9 literacy collaboration in Nairobi, Kenya. This study illustrates deeper understandings of data on language use that scholars of language and literacy might derive through taking up an interepistemic synergy approach. Such understandings include tracking how multilingual speakers in postcolonial spaces modulate power imbalance and navigate layers of cross linguistic coevocation informed by contested ideologies and worldviews. The analysis also spotlights how local fingerprints of multilingualism and multiethnicity endure in written text in spite of language surveillance in a Standard Kenyan English–dominated classroom space. Taken together, these understandings cast a unique local aspect on language and literacy practices that goes beyond an emic‐etic approach. Most crucially, this article is an illustrative resource for scholars and other stakeholders to address the existing epistemic imbalance that manifests through overrepresentation of Western(ized) analytic tools in constituting the metalanguage for analyzing data on language and literacy.
Connectivity of a general class of inhomogeneous random digraphs
Authors: Cao Junyu , Olvera‐Cravioto Mariana
Published: October 2019

We study a family of directed random graphs whose arcs are sampled independently of each other, and are present in the graph with a probability that depends on the attributes of the vertices involved. In particular, this family of models includes as special cases the directed versions of the Erdős‐Rényi model, graphs with given expected degrees, the generalized random graph, and the Poissonian random graph. We establish a phase transition for the existence of a giant strongly connected component and provide some other basic properties, including the limiting joint distribution of the degrees and the mean number of arcs. In particular, we show that by choosing the joint distribution of the vertex attributes according to a multivariate regularly varying distribution, one can obtain scale‐free graphs with arbitrary in‐degree/out‐degree dependence.
Fluorine‐Substituted Benzotriazole Core Building Block‐Based Highly Efficient Hole‐Transporting Materials for Mesoporous Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tao Li , Chen Cheng , Wu Cheng , Ding Xingdong , Zheng Mengmeng , Li Hongping , Li Gongqiang , Lu Hongfei , Cheng Ming
Published: October 2019

Two novel donor–accepter–donor structured hole‐transporting materials based on fluorine‐substituted benzotriazole (BTA) core building blocks (2FBTA‐1 and 2FBTA‐2) are designed and synthesized through molecular regulation. Applying these materials into perovskite solar cells, power conversion efficiencies of 7.55% and 17.94% are obtained for 2FBTA‐1 and 2FBTA‐2, respectively. The better photovoltaic performance of 2FBTA‐2 is attributed to its more suitable energy level, more planar molecular configurations, and higher hole mobility. Moreover, the devices with 2FBTA‐2 as hole transport material (HTM) show good stability in air. The results indicate that BTA is a promising building block for future HTM design.
A Novel Carbazole‐Based Nonfullerene Acceptor for High‐Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Ouyang Jinyang , Zeng Guang , Xin Yue , Zhao Xiaoli , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: October 2019

It is important to tune the energy levels of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) to achieve more balanced open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current density (Jsc) to improve the device performance. Herein, two novel NFAs are designed via fusing fluorene or carbazole with two thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene and end capped with INIC‐2F, namely, 4TFIC‐4F and 4TCIC‐4F, respectively. The impact of the fluorene and carbazole unit on the PSC performance is systematically studied. Compared with 4TFIC‐4F, 4TCIC‐4F exhibits a higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of −3.95 eV and a narrower optical bandgap of 1.51 eV owing to the stronger electron‐donating capacity of fused‐carbazole ring core. Consequently, the 4TCIC‐4F device achieves a high power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 13.02% with a higher Voc of 0.94 V and a larger Jsc of 18.98 mA cm−2, whereas the 4TFIC‐4F device shows a PCE of 11.24%. The PCE of 13.02% is the highest value so far reported with the carbazole‐containing NFAs‐based PSCs. More importantly, the 4TCIC‐4F device shows good film thickness insensitive and long‐term thermal stability. The investigation demonstrates that the fused‐carbazole ring is a superior option to fused‐fluorene ring as electron‐donating core for designing high‐performance NFAs by improving Voc and Jsc simultaneously.
Sacrificial Agent‐Free Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution from Water Splitting over Ag3PO4/MXene Hybrids
Authors: Zhao Chengxiao , Yang Xiaofei , Han Chenhui , Xu Jingsan
Published: October 2019

To explore an efficient electron extraction cocatalyst remains an ongoing task to address the rapid recombination and low transfer rate of electron–hole pairs in photocatalytic water splitting. Herein, it is demonstrated that 2D MXene (Ti3C2) with high electron conductivity can act as an effective electron transfer and transport medium after being hybridized with Ag3PO4, a well‐documented photocatalyst for oxygen evolution. The obtained Ag3PO4/MXene photocatalysts exhibit a significantly high photocatalytic water oxidation activity under visible light illumination. The optimized hybrid shows a remarkable oxygen‐evolving concentration (35.8 μmol L−1), which is 2.6 times higher than that of pure Ag3PO4 nanoparticles. Unprecedentedly, the Ag3PO4/MXene hybrid exhibits a further improved oxygen evolution rate without using the electron sacrificial agent, implying that Mxene nanosheets may act as an electron “pool” that in situ consumes the photogenerated electrons. Other characterizations reveal that the hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of MXene favor the interaction of the photocatalyst with water and in the meantime inhibit the self‐corrosion of Ag3PO4 under illumination.
“It Is More Expressive for Me”: A Translingual Approach to Meaningful Literacy Instruction Through Sijo Poetry
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Park Gloria
Published: October 2019

Through a qualitative analysis of one‐on‐one poetry workshops, this article explores ways in which a Korean American adult—Author 2 (Park)—develops translingual dispositions (Lu & Horner, 2013) and linguistic awareness of Korean. Situated within the translingualism literature (e.g., Canagarajah, 2017),sijo, a type of Korean poetry, became a conduit for gaining a greater insight into how meaningful literacy (Hanauer, 2012) can be enacted. The authors conceptualize the sijo composition session as a translanguaging event in that Park wrote autobiographical poems, employing multiple linguistic resources—English as an additional language and Korean as a heritage language. The analysis demonstrates that linguistic changes were frequently driven by Park's desire to communicate her message to achieve the convergence of linguistic and meaning negotiations. The findings explicate the continual process by which this translingual practice operates as recursive negotiations between language and meaning and between the two languages within the constraints of the sijo format. Those translingual negotiations became a conscious tool for self‐expression as well as a valued tool for language development. The authors argue for the incorporation of poetry writing into second language teaching to enhance learners' understanding and expressions of personal and transnational experiences.
Forced motion of a cylinder within a liquid-filled elastic tube – a model of minimally invasive medical procedures
Authors: Vurgaft Amit , Elbaz Shai B. , Gat Amir D.
Published: October 2019

This work analyses the viscous flow and elastic deformation created by the forced axial motion of a rigid cylinder within an elastic liquid-filled tube. The examined configuration is relevant to various minimally invasive medical procedures in which slender devices are inserted into fluid-filled biological vessels, such as vascular interventions, interventional radiology, endoscopies and laparoscopies. By applying the lubrication approximation, thin shell elastic model, as well as scaling analysis and regular and singular asymptotic schemes, the problem is examined for small and large deformation limits (relative to the gap between the cylinder and the tube). At the limit of large deformations, forced insertion of the cylinder is shown to involve three distinct regimes and time scales: (i) initial shear dominant regime, (ii) intermediate regime of dominant fluidic pressure and a propagating viscous-peeling front, (iii) late-time quasi-steady flow regime of the fully peeled tube. A uniform solution for all regimes is presented for a suddenly applied constant force, showing initial deceleration and then acceleration of the inserted cylinder. For the case of forced extraction of the cylinder from the tube, the negative gauge pressure reduces the gap between the cylinder and the tube, increasing viscous resistance or creating friction due to contact of the tube and cylinder. Matched asymptotic schemes are used to calculate the dynamics of the near-contact and contact limits. We find that the cylinder exits the tube in a finite time for sufficiently small or large forces. However, for an intermediate range of forces, the radial contact creates a steady locking of the cylinder inside the tube.
Understanding the barriers affecting psychologists’ adherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines from a stakeholder standpoint
Authors: Haider Tahira , Dunstan Debra
Published: October 2019

Psychologists’ adherence with evidence-based guidelines based on the biopsychosocial premise in the management of musculoskeletal injuries is influenced by the actions by General Practitioners (GPs), insurers, and injured patients’ actions. For data collection, we interviewed GPs (n = 6), insurers (n = 6), and injured people (n = 15) from the two personal injury compensation schemes in New South Wales. Thematic analysis yielded the following: GPs were reticent to access psychological services that represented a poor fit between their practice and treatment guidelines, insurers lacked trust in the validity of “secondary psychological injury” claims’. Injured peoples’ willingness to engage with treatment was impaired by a poor fit between the treatment guidelines and their experience of insurers’ and psychologists’ practices.
First Mesozoic procercopids in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea)
Authors: Fu Yanzhe , Cai Chenyang , Huang Diying
Published: October 2019

Two new genera and two new species of Procercopidae, Paranthoscytina xiai gen. et sp. nov., and Burmocercopis lingpogensis gen. et sp. nov., are described and illustrated based on two well-preserved specimens in mid-Cretaceous amber (c. 99 Ma) from northern Myanmar. Our discovery represents the first record of amber-entombed Procercopidae from the Mesozoic, widening the duration and biogeographic distribution of this extinct family. They also represent the latest record of Procercopidae, which fills the gap of Cercopoidea evolution during the mid-Cretaceous.
Reexamining the restraint pathway as a conditional process among adolescent girls: When does dieting link body dissatisfaction to bulimia?
Authors: Morrissey Rebecca A. , Gondoli Dawn M. , Corning Alexandra F.
Published: October 2019

The mediational sequence from body dissatisfaction through dieting to bulimia—often referred to as the “restraint pathway”—has been validated in numerous samples of adolescent girls, but the prevalence rate of bulimic pathology pales in comparison to rates of body dissatisfaction and dieting in this risk group. This discrepancy indicates that the restraint pathway may only apply to adolescent girls possessing certain characteristics or experiencing certain circumstances. Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating roles of thin-ideal internalization, interoceptive deficits, and age by using self-report data from a community sample of 353 middle school (n= 115), high school (n= 112), and college girls (n= 126). We found that (a) body-dissatisfied girls who reported high, versus low, thin-ideal internalization engaged in greater dietary restraint; (b) only dieters who reported high interoceptive deficits and were of college age expressed bulimic symptoms; and (c) the mediating effect pertained only to college girls with high interoceptive deficits, but was strongest for those who reported high, versus low, thin-ideal internalization. These results suggest that the restraint pathway's precision may be fine-tuned through greater sensitivity to potentiating factors and developmental context. Theoretical, empirical, and practical implications are discussed.
Psychological Symptoms and Rates of Performance Validity Improve Following Trauma-Focused Treatment in Veterans with PTSD and History of Mild-to-Moderate TBI
Authors: Jurick Sarah M. , Crocker Laura D. , Merritt Victoria C. , Hoffman Samantha N. , Keller Amber V. , Eglit Graham M. L. , Thomas Kelsey R. , Norman Sonya B. , Schiehser Dawn M. , Rodgers Carie S. , Twamley Elizabeth W. , Jak Amy J.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) history have high rates of performance validity test (PVT) failure. The study aimed to determine whether those with scores in the invalid versus valid range on PVTs show similar benefit from psychotherapy and if psychotherapy improves PVT performance.

Method:

Veterans (N = 100) with PTSD, mild-to-moderate TBI history, and cognitive complaints underwent neuropsychological testing at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month post-treatment. Veterans were randomly assigned to cognitive processing therapy (CPT) or a novel hybrid intervention integrating CPT with TBI psychoeducation and cognitive rehabilitation strategies from Cognitive Symptom Management and Rehabilitation Therapy (CogSMART). Performance below standard cutoffs on any PVT trial across three different PVT measures was considered invalid (PVT-Fail), whereas performance above cutoffs on all measures was considered valid (PVT-Pass).

Results:

Although both PVT groups exhibited clinically significant improvement in PTSD symptoms, the PVT-Pass group demonstrated greater symptom reduction than the PVT-Fail group. Measures of post-concussive and depressive symptoms improved to a similar degree across groups. Treatment condition did not moderate these results. Rate of valid test performance increased from baseline to follow-up across conditions, with a stronger effect in the SMART-CPT compared to CPT condition.

Conclusion:

Both PVT groups experienced improved psychological symptoms following treatment. Veterans who failed PVTs at baseline demonstrated better test engagement following treatment, resulting in higher rates of valid PVTs at follow-up. Veterans with invalid PVTs should be enrolled in trauma-focused treatment and may benefit from neuropsychological assessment after, rather than before, treatment.
Associations of early-life growth with health using an allostatic load score in young, urban African adults: Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort
Authors: McGowan Craig J. , Norris Shane A.
Published: October 2019

Growth in early life is associated with various individual health outcomes in adulthood, but limited research has been done on associations with a more comprehensive measure of health. Combining information from multiple biological systems, allostatic load (AL) provides such a quantitative measure of overall physiological health. We used longitudinal data from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort in South Africa to calculate an AL score at age 22 years and examined associations with birth weight and linear growth and weight gain from age 0 to 2 years and 2 to 5 years, as attenuated by trajectories of body mass index and pubertal development in later childhood and adolescence. Differences in total AL score between males and females were small, though levels of individual biological factors contributing to AL differed by sex. Increased weight gain from age 2 to 5 years among males was associated with an increased risk of high AL, but no other early-life measures were associated with AL. Increased adiposity through childhood and adolescence in females was associated with higher AL in early adulthood. These results illustrate that patterns of early-life growth are not consistently associated with higher AL. While more research is needed to link AL in young adulthood to later health outcomes, these results also suggest increased adiposity during childhood and adolescence represents a potential early sign of later physiological risk.
Genetic correlations between pain phenotypes and depression and neuroticism
Authors: Meng Weihua , Adams Mark J. , Reel Parminder , Rajendrakumar Aravind , Huang Yu , Deary Ian J. , Palmer Colin N. A. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Smith Blair H.
Published: October 2019

Correlations between pain phenotypes and psychiatric traits such as depression and the personality trait of neuroticism are not fully understood. In this study, we estimated the genetic correlations of eight pain phenotypes (defined by the UK Biobank, n = 151,922–226,683) with depressive symptoms, major depressive disorders and neuroticism using the the cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) method integrated in the LD Hub. We also used the LDSC software to calculate the genetic correlations among pain phenotypes. All pain phenotypes, except hip pain and knee pain, had significant and positive genetic correlations with depressive symptoms, major depressive disorders and neuroticism. All pain phenotypes were heritable, with pain all over the body showing the highest heritability (h2 = 0.31, standard error = 0.072). Many pain phenotypes had positive and significant genetic correlations with each other indicating shared genetic mechanisms. Our results suggest that pain, neuroticism and depression share partially overlapping genetic risk factors.
Publisher Correction: Development of a viability digital PCR protocol for the selective detection and quantification of live Erwinia amylovora cells in cankers
Authors: Santander Ricardo D. , Meredith Christopher L. , Aćimović Srđan G.
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: Structural basis for the inhibitory effects of a novel reversible covalent ligand on PPARγ phosphorylation
Authors: Jang Jun Young , Kim Hyunsoo , Kim Hyun-Jung , Suh Se Won , Park Seung Bum , Han Byung Woo
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Insights into Pasteurellaceae carriage dynamics in the nasal passages of healthy beef calves
Authors: Thomas A. C. , Bailey M. , Lee M. R. F. , Mead A. , Morales-Aza B. , Reynolds R. , Vipond B. , Finn A. , Eisler M. C.
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Label-free fluorescence DNA walker for protein analysis based on terminal protection and dual enzyme assisted cleavage induced G-quadruplex/berberine conformation
Authors: Deng Shue , Zhou Baolong , Li Wenjing , Li Hui , Zhang Fenglian , Ming Jingjing
Published: October 2019

Development of a simple, fast, cost-efficient and sensitive approach for accurate protein analysis is of high significance due to its potential application in disease diagnosis and biomedicine research.