bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control interno y gestión financiera de una empresa proveedora de alimentos
Authors: Acosta Ruiz Nury , Villafuerte de la Cruz Avelino , Soto Abanto Segundo Eloy , Chavez Huashuayllo Herminia Liry
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: determinar el efecto del control interno en la gestión financiera de una empresa proveedora de alimentos en el 2020. Metodología: El diseño de la investigação cuantitativa, de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal; la técnica utilizada para la recolección de datos fue la entrevista, observación y análisis documental. Resultados: determinaron que, la empresa proveedora de alimentos presenta deficiencias en los componentes de control interno; donde se llegó a evidenciar faltante de existencias, deterioro, mercadería extraviada y vencimiento sumando un total de S/ 48,296.90 en pérdidas. Asimismo, después de haber efectuado el ajuste de los hallazgos se determinó que la empresa hubiera obtenido un mayor rendimiento, es decir los indicadores de liquidez y rentabilidad hubieran sido superior a lo obtenido. Conclusión: el control interno incide en la gestión financiera de la empresa proveedora de alimentos.
Fluorescence lidar observations of wildfire smoke inside cirrus: A contribution to smoke-cirrus – interaction research
Authors: Veselovskii Igor , Hu Qiaoyun , Ansmann Albert , Goloub Philippe , Podvin Thierry , Korenskiy Mikhail
Published: December 2021

Abstract. A remote sensing method, based on fluorescence lidar measurements, that allows to detect and to quantify the smoke content in upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is presented. The unique point of this approach is that, smoke and cirrus properties are observed in the same air volume simultaneously. In the article, we provide results of fluorescence and multiwavelength Mie-Raman lidar measurements performed at ATOLL observatory from Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique, University of Lille, during strong smoke episodes in the summer and autumn seasons of 2020. The aerosol fluorescence was induced by 355 nm laser radiation and the fluorescence backscattering was measured in a single spectral channel, centered at 466 nm of 44 nm width. To estimate smoke properties, such as number, surface area and volume concentration, the conversion factors, which link the fluorescence backscattering and the smoke microphysical properties, are derived from the synergy of multiwavelength Mie-Raman and fluorescence lidar observations. Based on two case studies, we demonstrate that the fluorescence lidar technique provides possibility to estimate the smoke surface area concentration within freshly formed cirrus layers. This value was used in smoke INP parameterization scheme to predict ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus generation cells.
Diverse mixing states of amine-containing single particles in Nanjing, China
Authors: Zhong Qi En , Cheng Chunlei , Wang Zaihua , Li Lei , Li Mei , Ge Dafeng , Wang Lei , Li Yuanyuan , Nie Wei , Chi Xuguang , Ding Aijun , Yang Suxia , Chen Duohong , Zhou Zhen
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The mixing states of particulate amines with different chemical components are of great significance in studying the formation and evolution processes of amine-containing particles. In this work, the mixing states of single particles containing trimethylamine (TMA) and diethylamine (DEA) are investigated using a high-performance single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer located in Nanjing, China, in September 2019. TMA- and DEA-containing particles accounted for 22.8 % and 5.5 % of the total detected single particles, respectively. The particle count and abundance of the TMA-containing particles in the total particles notably increased with enhancement of ambient relative humidity (RH), while the DEA-containing particles showed no increase under a high RH. This result suggested the important role of RH in the formation of particulate TMA. Significant enrichments of secondary organic species, including
43C2H3O+, 26CN−, 42CNO−, 73C3H5O2-, and 89HC2O4-, were
found in DEA-containing particles, indicating that DEA-containing particles
were closely associated with the aging of secondary organics. The
differential mass spectra of the DEA-containing particles showed a much higher abundance of nitrate and organic nitrogen species during the nighttime than during the daytime, which suggested that the nighttime production of particulate DEA might be associated with reactions of gaseous DEA with HNO3 and/or particulate nitrate. In the daytime, the decrease in DEA-containing particles was observed with the enrichment of oxalate and
glyoxylate, which suggested a substantial impact of photochemistry on the
aging process of DEA-containing particles. Furthermore, more than 80 %
of TMA- and DEA-containing particles internally mixed with nitrate, while
the abundance of sulfate was higher in the DEA-containing particles
(79.3 %) than in the TMA-containing particles (55.3 %). This suggested
that particulate DEA existed both as nitrate and sulfate aminium salts,
while the particulate TMA primarily presented as nitrate aminium salt. The
different mixing states of the TMA- and DEA-containing particles suggested
their different formation processes and various influencing factors, which
are difficult to investigate using bulk analysis. These results provide
insights into the discriminated fates of organics during the evolution
process in aerosols, which helps to illustrate the behavior of secondary
organic aerosols.
Evolution under dark conditions of particles from old and modern diesel vehicles in a new environmental chamber characterized with fresh exhaust emissions
Authors: Vansevenant Boris , Louis Cédric , Ferronato Corinne , Fine Ludovic , Tassel Patrick , Perret Pascal , Kostenidou Evangelia , Temime-Roussel Brice , D'Anna Barbara , Sartelet Karine , Cerezo Véronique , Liu Yao
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric particles have several impacts on health and the environment, especially in urban areas. Parts of those particles are not fresh and have undergone atmospheric chemical and physical processes. Due to a lack of representativeness of experimental conditions and experimental artifacts such as particle wall losses in chambers, there are uncertainties on the effects of physical processes (condensation, nucleation and
coagulation) and their role in particle evolution from modern vehicles. This study develops a new method to correct wall losses, accounting for
size dependence and experiment-to-experiment variations. It is applied to the evolution of fresh diesel exhaust particles to characterize the physical
processes which they undergo. The correction method is based on the black
carbon decay and a size-dependent coefficient to correct particle
distributions. Six diesel passenger cars, Euro 3 to Euro 6, were driven on a chassis dynamometer with Artemis Urban cold start and Artemis Motorway cycles. Exhaust was injected in an 8 m3 chamber with Teflon walls. The
physical evolution of particles was characterized during 6 to 10 h.
Increase in particle mass is observed even without photochemical reactions due to the presence of intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds. These compounds were quantified at
emission and induce a particle mass increase up to 17 % h−1, mainly for the older vehicles (Euro 3 and Euro 4). Condensation is 4 times
faster when the available particle surface is multiplied by 6.5. If initial particle number concentration is below [8–9] × 104 cm−3, a nucleation mode seems to be present but not
measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The growth of nucleation-mode particles results in an increase in measured [PN]. Above this threshold, particle number concentration decreases due to coagulation, up to −27 % h−1. Under those conditions, the chamber and experimental setup are well suited to characterizing and quantifying the process of coagulation.
Soil organic carbon stabilization mechanisms and temperature sensitivity in old terraced soils
Authors: Zhao Pengzhi , Fallu Daniel Joseph , Cucchiaro Sara , Tarolli Paolo , Waddington Clive , Cockcroft David , Snape Lisa , Lang Andreas , Doetterl Sebastian , Brown Antony G. , Van Oost Kristof
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Being the most common human-created landforms, terrace construction has resulted in an extensive perturbation of the land surface. However, our
mechanistic understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) (de-)stabilization mechanisms and the persistence of SOC stored in terraced soils is far from
complete. Here we explored the factors controlling SOC stability and the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of abandoned prehistoric agricultural
terrace soils in NE England using soil fractionation and temperature-sensitive incubation combined with terrace soil burial-age
measurements. Results showed that although buried terrace soils contained 1.7 times more unprotected SOC (i.e., coarse particulate organic carbon)
than non-terraced soils at comparable soil depths, a significantly lower potential soil respiration was observed relative to a control
(non-terraced) profile. This suggests that the burial of former topsoil due to terracing provided a mechanism for stabilizing SOC. Furthermore, we
observed a shift in SOC fraction composition from particulate organic C towards mineral-protected C with increasing burial age. This clear
shift to more processed recalcitrant SOC with soil burial age also contributes to SOC stability in terraced soils. Temperature sensitivity
incubations revealed that the dominant controls on Q10 depend on the terrace soil burial age. At relatively younger ages of soil burial, the
reduction in substrate availability due to SOC mineral protection with aging attenuates the intrinsic Q10 of SOC decomposition. However, as
terrace soil becomes older, SOC stocks in deep buried horizons are characterized by a higher temperature sensitivity, potentially resulting from the
poor SOC quality (i.e., soil C:N ratio). In conclusion, terracing in our study site has stabilized SOC as a result of soil burial
during terrace construction. The depth–age patterns of Q10 and SOC fraction composition of terraced soils observed in our study site differ
from those seen in non-terraced soils, and this has implications when assessing the effects of climate warming and terrace abandonment on the
terrestrial C cycle.
Effects of tropical rainforest conversion to rubber plantation on soil quality in Hainan Island, China
Authors: Sun Rui , Lan Guoyu , Yang Chuan , Wu Zhixiang , Chen Banqian , Fraedrich Klaus
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Land-use changes can alter soil properties and thus affect soil quality. Our understanding of how forest conversion (from tropical rainforest to rubber plantations) affects soil properties and soil quality is limited. An ideal testing ground for analyzing such land-use change and its impacts is Hainan Island, the largest tropical island in China. Based on 21 soil physicochemical and biological properties, a soil quality index (SQI) employed principal component analysis to assess soil quality changes from the conversion of tropical rainforests to rubber plantations. The results showed that (i) soil available potassium, available phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon, cellulose decomposition, acid phosphatase, and urease were vital soil properties for soil quality assessment on Hainan Island. (ii) The SQI of rubber plantations decreased by 26.48 % compared to tropical rainforests, while four investigated soil properties (soil pH, total phosphorus, cellulose decomposition, and actinomyces) increased. (iii) The SQI of both the tropical rainforests and rubber plantations showed significant spatial differences, which, under tropical rainforests, was more sensitive to seasonal changes than those under rubber plantations. (iv) Structural equation modeling suggested that forest conversion directly impacted soil quality and, indirectly impacted soil qualities' spatial variation by their interaction with soil types and geographical positions. Overall, though the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantation did not decrease all soil properties, the tropical rainforest with its high soil quality should be protected.
Evaluating the large-scale hydrological cycle response within the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) ensemble
Authors: Han Zixuan , Zhang Qiong , Li Qiang , Feng Ran , Haywood Alan M. , Tindall Julia C. , Hunter Stephen J. , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Brady Esther C. , Rosenbloom Nan , Zhang Zhongshi , Li Xiangyu , Guo Chuncheng , Nisancioglu Kerim H. , Stepanek Christian , Lohmann Gerrit , Sohl Linda E. , Chandler Mark A. , Tan Ning , Ramstein Gilles , Baatsen Michiel L. J. , von der Heydt Anna S. , Chandan Deepak , Peltier W. Richard , Williams Charles J. R. , Lunt Daniel J. , Cheng Jianbo , Wen Qin , Burls Natalie J.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene (∼3 Ma) is one of the most recent warm periods with high CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and resulting high temperatures, and it is often cited as an analog for near-term future climate change. Here, we apply a moisture budget analysis to investigate the response of the large-scale hydrological cycle at low latitudes within a 13-model ensemble from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2). The results show that increased
atmospheric moisture content within the mid-Pliocene ensemble (due to the
thermodynamic effect) results in wetter conditions over the deep tropics,
i.e., the Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the Maritime
Continent, and drier conditions over the subtropics. Note that the dynamic
effect plays a more important role than the thermodynamic effect in regional
precipitation minus evaporation (PmE) changes (i.e., northward ITCZ shift
and wetter northern Indian Ocean). The thermodynamic effect is
offset to some extent by a dynamic effect involving a northward shift of the Hadley
circulation that dries the deep tropics and moistens the subtropics in the
Northern Hemisphere (i.e., the subtropical Pacific). From the perspective of
Earth's energy budget, the enhanced southward cross-equatorial atmospheric
transport (0.22 PW), induced by the hemispheric asymmetries of the
atmospheric energy, favors an approximately 1∘ northward shift of
the ITCZ. The shift of the ITCZ reorganizes atmospheric circulation,
favoring a northward shift of the Hadley circulation. In addition, the
Walker circulation consistently shifts westward within PlioMIP2 models,
leading to wetter conditions over the northern Indian Ocean. The PlioMIP2
ensemble highlights that an imbalance of interhemispheric atmospheric energy
during the mid-Pliocene could have led to changes in the dynamic effect,
offsetting the thermodynamic effect and, hence, altering mid-Pliocene
hydroclimate.
Bulk hydrometeor optical properties for microwave and sub-millimetre radiative transfer in RTTOV-SCATT v13.0
Authors: Geer Alan J. , Bauer Peter , Lonitz Katrin , Barlakas Vasileios , Eriksson Patrick , Mendrok Jana , Doherty Amy , Hocking James , Chambon Philippe
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Satellite observations of radiation in the microwave and sub-millimetre spectral regions (broadly from 1 to 1000 GHz) can have strong sensitivity to cloud and precipitation particles in the atmosphere. These particles (known as hydrometeors) scatter, absorb, and emit radiation according to their mass, composition, shape, internal structure, and orientation. Hence, microwave and sub-millimetre observations have applications including weather forecasting, geophysical retrievals and model validation. To simulate these observations requires a scattering-capable radiative transfer model and an estimate of the bulk optical properties of the hydrometeors. This article describes the module used to integrate single-particle optical properties over a particle size distribution (PSD) to provide bulk optical properties for the Radiative Transfer for TOVS microwave and sub-millimetre scattering code, RTTOV-SCATT, a widely used fast model. Bulk optical properties can be derived from a range of particle models including Mie spheres (liquid and frozen) and non-spherical ice habits from the Liu and Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) databases, which include pristine crystals, aggregates, and hail. The effects of different PSD and particle options on simulated brightness temperatures are explored, based on an analytical two-stream solution for a homogeneous cloud slab. The hydrometeor scattering “spectrum” below 1000 GHz is described, along with its sensitivities to particle composition (liquid or ice), size and shape. The optical behaviour of frozen particles changes in the frequencies above 200 GHz, moving towards an optically thick and emission-dominated regime more familiar from the infrared. This region is little explored but will soon be covered by the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI).
Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Surface Water Quality in an Agrarian Community, SW Nigeria Using Globe Protocol
Authors: Akinwumiju Akinola S. , Oluwafemi Olawale , Abimbola Ifedotun I. , Ogundeji Seyi E.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This study was undertaken to assess some physical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, salinity, conductivity and oxidation-reduction potential) of stream water within the Ilara–Mokin community Ondo State, Nigeria, using standard GLOBE protocol. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics and crossplot analyses to explore the relationships among the parameters and compare the measured parameters to Nigerian and international standards. Based on these parameters, we determined the portability of stream water, evaluated and discussed the impact of these parameters on the quality of surface water of Ilara–Mokin. Parameter values were higher in the dry season compared to the wet season. Parameter concentrations correlate well with population density. Parameters' values were predominantly higher or lower than national and international standards both in dry and wet seasons. A positive association exists between TDS-salinity, TDS-EC and EC-salinity in the dry season. TDS and salinity's correlation suggests that the dissolve solids emanate from municipal wastes. The Salinity-EC relationship was strong and only held in the dry season due to high insolation and the consequent very high evaporation rate and reduced water discharge, which in turn led to increased concentration of dissolved salts in the stream water. Only TDS and Salinity exhibited positively associated in the wet season. Regardless of the season, we observed that TDS, Salinity and EC values are defiant with Nigeria and WHO standards; hence, the water is unsuitable for human consumption. Nevertheless, the studied watershed's surface water resources can meet the domestic water demand of the Ilara-Mokin community if remediated.
Towards using state-of-the-art climate models to help constrain estimates of unprecedented UK storm surges
Authors: Howard Tom , Williams Simon David Paul
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Our ability to quantify the likelihood of present-day extreme sea level (ESL) events is limited by the length of tide gauge records around the UK, and this results in substantial uncertainties in return level curves at many sites. In this work, we explore the potential for a state-of-the-art climate model, HadGEM3-GC3, to help refine our
understanding of present-day coastal flood risk associated with extreme storm surges, which are the dominant driver of ESL events for the UK and wider European shelf seas. We use a 483-year present-day control simulation from HadGEM3-GC3-MM
(1/4∘ ocean, approx. 60 km atmosphere in mid-latitudes) to drive a north-west European shelf seas model and generate a new dataset of simulated UK storm surges. The variable analysed is the skew surge (the difference between the high water level and the predicted astronomical high tide), which is widely used in analysis of storm surge events. The modelling system can simulate skew surge events comparable to the catastrophic 1953 North Sea storm surge, which resulted in widespread flooding, evacuation of 32 000 people, and hundreds of fatalities across the UK alone, along with many hundreds more in mainland Europe. Our model simulations show good agreement with an independent re-analysis of the 1953 surge event at the mouth of the river Thames. For that site, we also revisit the assumption of skew surge and tide independence. Our model results suggest that at that site for the most extreme surges, tide–surge interaction significantly attenuates extreme skew surges on a spring tide compared to a neap tide. Around the UK coastline, the extreme tail shape parameters diagnosed from our simulation correlate very well (Pearson's r greater than 0.85), in terms of spatial variability, with those used in the UK government's current guidance (which are diagnosed from tide gauge observations), but ours have smaller uncertainties. Despite the strong correlation, our diagnosed shape parameters are biased low relative to the current guidance. This bias is also seen when we replace HadGEM3-GC3-MM with a reanalysis, so we conclude that the bias is likely associated with limitations in the shelf sea model used here. Overall, the work suggests that climate model simulations may prove useful as an additional line of evidence to inform assessments of present-day coastal flood risk.
Carbon cycle in tropical upland ecosystems: a global review
Authors: Castillo-Figueroa Dennis
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Along with habitat transformation, climate change has profound impacts on biodiversity and may alter ecosystem services on which human welfare depends. Many studies of the carbon cycle have focused on lowland tropical forests; however, upland forests have been less explored despite their pivotal role in carbon sequestration. Here, I synthesized the state of knowledge on the allocation of carbon in its different stocks (aboveground, belowground, and soil) as well as in its main fluxes (plant decomposition, respiration, and litterfall) in tropical upland ecosystems of the planet. In November 2020, a systematic review was carried out to identify references published from 2000 to 2020 through a combination of key terms in Google Scholar and Scopus databases, thus analysing bibliographic, geographical, methodological, and carbon cycling information of the global upland tropics (between 23.5∘ N–23.5∘ S). After analysing a total of 1967 references according to inclusion–exclusion criteria, 135 references published in the last 20 years were selected. Most of the studies were conducted in the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest of South America. The main factors studied were elevation and forest type. Forest structure and soil variables were largely associated when studying carbon cycling in these ecosystems. Estimations of carbon stocks comprised three-fourths of the total studies, while the remaining fraction focused on carbon fluxes. Aboveground biomass and carbon in soils were highly investigated, while plant decomposition and respiration were the components that received the least attention. Even though in the last 20 years there was a slight increase in the number of studies on carbon cycle in tropical upland forests, I found bias associated with the biomes and ecoregions studied (especially in the Andes). Elevation was the main factor examined but other essential aspects such as the successional gradient, landscape management, diversity–productivity relationship, faunal and microbial effect, trophic cascades, and Gadgil effect require more attention. The inclusion of different litter species and origins (i.e. roots and stems) and theoretical frameworks including home-field advantage, substrate–matrix interaction, and phenology–substrate match may provide explanatory mechanisms to better understand litter decomposition over these forests. Despite respiration being a paramount link that is closely tied to above- and belowground compartment, this flux constitutes one of the important gaps to fulfil in future research. For a comprehensive understanding of the carbon cycle in upland forests, it is necessary to obtain information on its main fluxes and integrate them into climate change mitigation plans.
High Reynolds number wind turbine blade equipped with root spoilers. Part I: Unsteady aerodynamic analysis using URANS simulations
Authors: Potentier Thomas , Guilmineau Emmanuel , Finez Arthur , Le Bourdat Colin , Braud Caroline
Published: December 2021

Abstract. A wind turbine blade equipped with root spoilers is analysed using 2D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to assess the unsteady impact of passive devices. Several metrics such as lift and drag coefficients, pressure and instantaneous velocity field around the aerofoil, Power Spectral Density and Strouhal number are used in the 2D unsteady analysis. The spoiler is found to efficiently rearrange the flow, adding lift throughout the positive angles of attack. However, the drawback is a high drag penalty coupled with high unsteadiness of the aerodynamic forces.
Regional Office Administration System (SISMINKADA) as a Solution for Archives Management in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Susanto Slamet Hari
Published: December 2021

This research is about development governance, namely the Regional Development Planning Information System. Of course, to create optimal development, concerning all aspects of the pre-facilities facility to maximize the economic potential in the region. This study used qualitative research methods. The population in this study are areas that have innovative development planning. Meanwhile, the research subjects are in South Sulawesi Province which has the Innovation of the Regional Development Planning Information System (SIPPD) and in East Java Province which has innovation named Arabica cabinet (collaborative collateral for Arabica Coffee Integrated Economic Development). The results of this study indicate that the innovation of the Regional Development Planning Information System (SIPPD) conducted by South Sulawesi Province has succeeded in achieving the designation that has been designed. Likewise the Arabica cabinet innovation (collaboration of the Integrated Economic Development of Arabica Coffee) in East Java Province has succeeded in optimizing land in its area and conducting counseling, education, training, sustainable assistance, and the assistance of coffee processing tools / machines.
Innovation Management MADU PELAWAN (Integrated House of Entrepreneurship Development and Services) in Central Bangka Regency
Authors: Kurniawan Iwan
Published: December 2021

This research is about management Independent Entrepreneurial Development and Service innovation as one of the real actions of the government in an effort to improve the community's economy through empowering IKM (Small and Medium Industries). The focus of this research is the management of Independent Entrepreneurial Development and Service innovation carried out by Central Bangka Regency. This study used qualitative research methods. The population in this study is an area that has made innovations in the development and service of independent entrepreneurs. Meanwhile, the research subject is in Central Bangka Regency with an innovation called Madu Pelawan (Integrated House for Independent Entrepreneurship Development and Services). The results showed that the Honey Innovation Management of Pelawan (Integrated House for Development and Independent Entrepreneur Services) in Central Bangka Regency succeeded in making real changes. The existence of the Product Development House (RPP) has made significant changes to the growth and development of IKM/UKM in Central Bangka Regency. As it is very easy to find IKM products that already have a good label in accordance with the required provisions, it is very easy to find products that have used food grade packaging, many IKM products are found that are accepted and marketed in gift shops and modern stores, almost all packaged food products have marketing permits, the reach of loan services has become easier with the facilitation of counseling, many IKM products have promotional media such as the 7/9 booklet, some IKM actors already have process and promotional videos, and 5 IKM Centers have been formed.
Potensi Antibakteri Sediaan Sabun Cair Ekstrak Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
Authors: Rahmawati Ismi , Maulida Riesky , Aisyah Siti
Published: December 2021

Ekstrak kulit buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang menyebabkan infeksi pada kulit. Salah satu pencegahan infeksi dengan menggunakan sabun cuci tangan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat mutu fisik, stabilitas dan aktivitas antibakteri dari sediaan sabun cair ekstrak kuit nanas terhadap S. aureus ATCC 25923.

Ekstrak kulit buah nanas yang diperoleh dari maserasi dengan pelarut ethanol 70%, diformulasikan menjadi sabun cair cuci tangan. Formulasi sabun cair dibuat dengan masing-masing konsentrasi 3%, 6%, dan 9%. Sediaan sabun cair setiap formula di uji mutu fisik dengan parameter organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, berat jenis, viskositas, tinggi busa. Uji stabilitas dengan metode freeze thaw dengan parameter organoleptis, pH, dan viskositas. Hasil formulasi diuji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus ATCC 25923 dengan metode difusi sumuran. Sediaan dilakukan uji panelis dengan beberapa responden. Analisis data mutu fisik, stabilitas dan aktivitas diuji statistik SPSS dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%.

Ekstrak kulit nanas mengandung senyawa kimia flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, saponin dan fenol. Hasil uji mutu fisik ketiga formula sabun cair ekstrak kulit nanas memiliki kualitas mutu fisik yang sesuai SNI 2588:2017. Uji stabilitas dengan metode freeze thaw ketiga sediaan stabil sampai siklus ke lima (satu siklus 48 jam). Ketiga formula sediaan sabun cair memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus ATCC 25923. Formula dengan konsentrasi 9% tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif dan memiliki diameter daya hambat yang paling tinggi sebesar 21,78±0,84mm. Sediaan dengan konsentrasi 9% paling disukai para panelis.
Faktor Penyebab Perilaku Penjualan dan Pembelian Antibiotik Tanpa Resep Dokter
Authors: Dewi Novita , Juliadi Debby
Published: December 2021

Apotek merupakan sumber utama dalam mendapatkan antibiotik. Akses antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek adalah hal umum di berbagai negara termasuk di Indonesia. Penjualan antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di apotek telah menjadi masalah global khususnya di negara berkembang. Walaupun demikian, faktor dominan yang menyebabkan perilaku penjualan antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek Indonesia belum diketahui secara pasti. Tujuan ditulisnya artikel ini untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi perilaku penjualan dan penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di apotek. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan melakukan penelusuran pustaka pada situs pencarian seperti Google Scholar dengan kata kunci “antibiotik tanpa resep, perilaku pasien, tenaga farmasi, apotek”. Dimana hasilnya yaitu faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku penjualan dan penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep dokter yaitu faktor kemudahan akses memperoleh antibiotik dan faktor penghematan biaya, attitude(sikap) pasien dan rekomendasi dari teman/kerabat.
ԱՐԱՐԱՏԻ ՄԱՐԶԻ ՆՈՐԱՄԱՐԳ ՀԱՄԱՅՆՔԻ ԱՆՄՇԱԿ ՀՈՂԵՐԻ ՄԵԼԻՈՐԱՏԻՎ ՎԻՃԱԿԻ
ՈՒՍՈՒՄՆԱՍԻՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆ ՈՒ ԳՆԱՀԱՏՈՒՄԸ
Authors: Barseghyan M.H. , Daveyan S.H. , Eloyan A.S. , Baghdasaryan S.K.
Published: December 2021

The research was conducted over 50 ha uncultivated land areas located in the Noramarg community of the Ararat region to evaluate their meliorative state. The fluctuation rates of groundwater level throughout the whole year and the soil physicochemical properties have been assessed, as well as the amount of water-soluble salts, mobile forms of micronutrients and many other properties have been determined.
According to the results of conducted investigations the land areas rich in affordable nutrients and micronutrients, as well as those provided with groundwaters can be used for horticultural purposes.
Nhận xét một số đặc điểm của phụ nữ trong độ tuổi sinh đẻ có kết quả xét nghiệm dương tính với Chlamydia trachomatis, lậu cầu và HPV tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội
Authors: Ánh Nguyễn Duy
Published: December 2021

Mục tiêu: Nhận xét một số đặc điểm của phụ nữ trong độ tuổi sinh đẻ có kết quả xét nghiệm dương tính với Chlamydia trachomatis, lậu cầu và HPV tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên tổng số 4988 phụ nữ độ tuổi từ 19 - 49 tuổi đến khám phụ khoa tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội trong thời gian từ ngày 01/1/2015 đến ngày 31/12/2015. Trong đó 3199 bệnh nhân xét nghiệm 2 bệnh là lậu và Chlamydia trachomatis; 283 bệnh nhân xét nghiệm cả ba bệnh: Lậu, Chlamydia trachomatis, HPV; 1506 bệnh nhân chỉ xét nghiệm HPV. Các đối tượng nghiên cứu được phỏng vấn, khám lâm sàng và lấy bệnh phẩm cổ tử cung để làm xét nghiệm ba bệnh này bằng phương pháp realtime PCR. Kết quả: Phụ nữ dương tính với Chlamydia trachomatis tập trung chủ yếu ở: Độ tuổi 19-24 (57,3%); làm nghề nghiệp tự do (56,72%), cư trú ở các tỉnh và ngoại thành Hà Nội (75,22%); thu nhập cao (54,03%); đã kết hôn (87,76%), có tiền sử hiếm muộn (43,58%). Bệnh nhân dương tính với lậu cầu tập trung chủ yếu ở: Độ tuổi 19 - 24 (42,9%), làm nghề nghiệp tự do (80,95%); cư trú ở các tỉnh và ngoại thành Hà Nội (100%), thu nhập cao (61,9%), đã kết hôn (85,01%); có tiền sử viêm âm hộ, âm đạo (85,71%). Bệnh nhân dương tính với HPV tập trung chủ yếu ở: Độ tuổi 19 - 24 (43%); làm nghề nghiệp tự do (42,48%), cư trú ở các tỉnh và ngoại thành Hà Nội (72,82%), thu nhập cao (67,55%); đã kết hôn (84,96%), có tiền sử viêm cổ tử cung (54,26%). Kết luận: Các phụ nữ trong độ tuổi sinh đẻ có kết quả xét nghiệm dương tính với Chlamydia trachomatis, lậu cầu và HPV tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội, có tỷ lệ gặp cao ở nhóm: Độ tuổi 19 – 24, làm nghề nghiệp tự do, cư trú ở các tỉnh và ngoại thành Hà Nội, thu nhập cao, đã kết hôn, có tiền sử hiếm muộn hoặc viêm âm hộ, âm đạo, viêm cổ tử cung.
El rol de las universidades en la construcción de espacios de innovación creativa para la economía naranja
Authors: Ávalos Rodríguez Ileana , Mariel Patzi Samantha , Bedregal Marzluf Jorge
Published: December 2021

El desarrollo de la economía naranja ha reportado un crecimiento económico prometedor en América Latina y el Caribe. Ella se nutre de la creatividad y la cultura, y se presenta como una oportunidad de emprendimiento e innovación para las nuevas generaciones que se enfrentan a desafíos sin precedentes al momento de insertarse en el mercado laboral. Ante esta oportunidad, el rol de la universidad es clave tanto en preparar a sus poblaciones estudiantiles en habilidades duras y blandas pertinentes a los diferentes contextos, como en generar espacios de aproximación a las nuevas oportunidades que las economías naranja brindan. En el presente artículo se encontrará una revisión de universidades que han integrado en sus programas académicos acciones concretas que promueven el emprendimiento, la creatividad y la innovación, a manera de identificar las buenas prácticas en los esfuerzos destinados a generar espacios de desarrollo de habilidades necesarias para insertarse a ecosistemas creativos y emprendedores.
Competencias TIC para el desarrollo profesional docente
Authors: López Rodríguez Sandra Milena
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo expone reflexiones sobre la formación de competencias de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) para el desarrollo profesional docente y su integración en la práctica pedagógica. Haciendo frente a los retos del mundo actual, se aprovecha la situación de confinamiento mundial por la pandemia de COVID-19, para analizar el rol del docente frente al uso, apropiación e incorporación de las TIC a la continuidad pedagógica en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. El desarrollo de competencias TIC en los docentes se transforma en oportunidad de mejora, y motivación significativa dentro del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Siendo la preparación pedagógica del docente fundamental para ofrecer a sus educandos contenidos novedosos, impactantes, específicos y de alta calidad, mediante estrategias innovadoras, y metodologías que permitan aprovechar los desafíos de la creciente evolución de la sociedad de la información y del conocimiento.
Knowledge regarding Immunity Boosting Measures for Self-care during COVID-19 crisis: Survey of Urban Community in Haryana
Authors: Negi Rashmi , Saharan Khushbu , Pillai Kavita
Published: December 2021

Background: In the wake of the Covid 19 outbreak, entire mankind across the globe is suffering. Enhancing the body’s natural defence system (immunity) plays an important role in maintaining optimum health. We all know that prevention is better than cure. While there is no medicine for COVID-19 as of now, it will be good to take preventive measures which boost our immunity in these times. The COVID-19 (also commonly called coronavirus) pandemic is causing a lot of changes in the daily lives of people around the world. However, there are things that can be done to maintain a healthy lifestyle in these difficult times. First and foremost, everyone is encouraged to follow World Health Organization (WHO) and governmental advice to protect against COVID-19 infection and transmission. Physical distancing and good hygiene are the best protection for everyone against COVID-19. Experiences from previous outbreaks have shown that as an epidemic evolves, there is an urgent need to expand public health activities beyond direct clinical management. The nutritional status of individuals has for long been considered as an indicator of resilience against destabilization. Method: A web-based, survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to obtain responses from community people during the third week of May 2020. A 30-item survey instrument was developed using course materials available on WHO’s website on emerging COVID-19. The survey covered community people’s socio demographic profile, awareness, information sources, and knowledge related to maintenance of healthy dietary measures for self-care during COVID-19 pandemic. Result: The study findings suggests that majority of the study participants have poor knowledge score (45.25%), average knowledge (25.12%) and 29.63% respondents had adequate knowledge about self-care measures to follow to boosts immunity during COVID 19. Conclusion: The study concludes that participants had considerable poor to average knowledge regarding Immunity boosting measures for self-care. The enhancement in knowledge is greatly required on Immunity boosting measures for self-care to enhance the natural defense system of individual.
A Study to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding the First aid management of Convulsion in children among primary school teachers of selected schools at Kollam
Authors: Mathew Anju , Babu Aswathy , Samson Priya , Philip Sara , Varghese Varsha , Antony Pinky
Published: December 2021

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding the first aid management of convulsions in selected schools at Kollam. The objectives of the study were to:a) To assess the knowledge regarding the first aid management of convulsion in children among primary school teachers of selected schools at Kollam.b) To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding first aid management of convulsion in children among primary school teachers in selected schools at Kollam.c) To find the association between knowledge of primary school teachers regarding first aid management of convulsion in children with their selected demographic variables. A quantitative approach was used with one group pretestposttest only design. Convenient sampling was used. Sample size was 60. The investigator assessed primary school teachers knowledge using structured questionnaire regarding first aid management of convulsion. After conducting the pretest, structured teaching programme was introduced to the primary school teachers. Posttest was conducted on fifth day using the same research tool. It is found that the calculated t value is greater than table value. There is significant difference between pretest and posttest scores of knowledge of primary school teachers. There is no association between pretest knowledge and selected demographic variables. The finding of the study suggests that structured teaching program is effective in increasing the knowledge of primary school teachers regarding first aid management of convulsion.
A Study to assess side effects of first dose of Covid-19 Vaccination among GNM students studying at JSS School of Nursing Chamarajanagar
Authors: N S Usha , H S Sushmitha , Kumar G Vinay
Published: December 2021

Background: The world is in the midst of a COVID-19 Pandemic. While countries, including India, have taken strong measures to control the spread of COVID-19 through better diagnostics and treatment. Vaccines will provide a lasting solution by enhancing Immunity and containing the disease spread. COVID-19 vaccine has been rolled out recently in several parts of the world. Although the protective efficiency is frequently discussed, little is known about the real-world post-vaccination experience outside of clinical trial conditions. Knowledge about what to expect after vaccination will help educate the public, dispel misinformation and reduce vaccine hesitancy. Objectives: To assess the immediate response to the first dose of Covid- 19 vaccine and to study the side effects of Covid- 19 vaccination. Results: Results of the study revealed that 143(95.3%) participants are not developed any side effects, only 7 (4.66%) participants reported mild side effects within 30 minutes after vaccination, 104 (69.33%) participants are developed mild side effects like fever, body pain after 30 minutes to 24 hours, 14 (9.33%) participants are developed side effects in mild form after 24 hours, only 2(1.33%) participants are developed side effects like mild fever and fatigue after 1 week of vaccination, majority of the participants 149 (99.33%) didn't required any hospitalization and only 1 participant (0.66% ) admitted to hospital due to fever for one day, majority of participants 63 (42%) are recovered from side effects within 24 hours, 28 (18.66%) participants are recovered within 2 to 8 hours, 14 (9.3%) participants are recovered within 2 hours, 4 (2.66%)participants are recovered within 8 to 24hours and 41 (27.3%) participants are recovered after 24 hours. All the participants are willing to take 2nd dose and recommend for their family members and friends to get vaccination.
A Cross sectional study to assess the knowledge and attitude of primipara mothers regarding breast feeding, MES medical college hospital at Perinthalmanna
Authors: K Lakshmi
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of primipara mothers regarding breast feeding. Methodology: quantitative non experimental - descriptive research design was adopted. The study was conducted in MES medical college hospital with the sample size of 50 primipara mothers by using non probability- purposive sampling technique. Results: The knowledge score of primipara mothers regarding breast feeding were 4 (8.0%) had inadequate knowledge, 35 (70%) had average knowledge, 11 (22%) had adequate knowledge. The attitude score of the primipara mothers regarding breast feeding reveals that 2 (4.0%) had neutral attitude, 48 (96%) had positive attitude towards breast feeding. Correlation of knowledge and attitude of primipara mothers regarding breast feeding represents that mean knowledge and attitude score of primipara mothers regarding breast feeding was 14.3 and 48.74 respectively. Correlation coefficient(r) value is 0.041, which indicates statistically non significant. find the association between the knowledge and attitude with selected demographic data illutrates that there is a significant association of knowledge score with their type of family (p <0.05) and there is no significant association of knowledge score with the age, education, occupation, religion, residence, age at marriage, sex of the baby, previous knowledge on breast feeding ( p > 0.05). there is no significant association of attitude score with the with demographic data ( p >0.10). conclusion: This study was identified that 70% of the primipara mothers had average knowledge and 96% had positive attitude towards breast feeding. It implies that majority of the primipara mothers was received previous information regarding breast feeding in this study had a major role to enhance the knowledge and attitude of primipara mothers regarding breast feeeding.
Vitamin A: A Review Article
Authors: Bhende Bhawan B.
Published: December 2021

Vitamin A has important function in the body. Vitamin A is involved in growth, an reproduction. In this paper description, function and deficiency diseases of vitamin A has been delineated here with. Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient for the normal functioning of the visual system, growth and development, immunity and reproduction. Vitamin A is a constituent of visual pigment and maintains epithelium. It protects against some epithelial cancer Vitamin A being a potent antioxidant is required for cell regulation. To combat the deficiency of vitamin A in community, awareness of their importance and their source plays a vital role. Food-based approaches have been reviewed and judged to have a promising role in integrated strategies, but many gaps in knowledge were identified; more well-designed studies on efficacy, effectiveness, cost effectiveness, and sustainability of food-based approaches are needed. The main sources of preformed vitamin A or retinol are liver, whole milk, fish oil and egg. Vitamin A is present in many animal tissues and is readily absorbed from such dietary sources in the terminal small intestine.
Upper thermal threshold of Lepidurus arcticus (Branchiopoda, Notostraca) in lakes on the southern outreach of its distribution range
Authors: Qvenild Tore , Fjeld Eirik , Fjellheim Arne , Hammar Johan , Hesthagen Trygve , Lakka Hanna-Kaisa
Published: December 2021

The Arctic tadpole shrimp Lepidurus arcticus has a circumpolar distribution and the Scandes (Fennoscandian Mountains) marks its southernmost limit in Europe. Within this area, 391 natural and 88 regulated lakes with L. arcticus have been identified, of which 87% are above the treeline. The lakes hosting L. arcticus decrease in altitude from south to north, which results from its temperature preferences. The majority of the locations are at a lower lake air temperature than 11°C which is equivalent to a water temperature near 14°C. This is assumed to be near the upper thermal threshold for L. arcticus. In lakes that exceed this average summer water temperature (1 July – 15 September), sustainable populations seem to be rare. In warmer lakes, life cycle mismatches are assumed to explain the absence of L. arcticus, most likely by affecting the embryo and juvenile stages. The distribution appears to be dichotomous, with one large northern area north of 65°N and one separated southern “island”. Only two locations of L. arcticus are known for the area between latitudes 62.88 and 64.39°N. In this part of the Scandes, the lakes are likely too warm to host L. arcticus as most of them are situated below 700 m a.s.l. This may also be the case in the northernmost region, north of 70°N, where only 11 populations are recorded. Most of the lakes in this area typically occurs below 400 m a.s.l. L. arcticus populations are sensitive to fish predation, and dense fish populations may be another stressor limiting its distribution. In contrast to water bodies in the High Arctic where L. arcticus only exists in shallow, fishless ponds, in the Scandes they co-exist with fish in 97% of the findings. Global warming has already modified the environment of the Scandes, and populations of L. arcticus are at threat in many of the small and shallow water bodies at low altitudes.