bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Small Really Beautiful?: The Microstate Mistake
Authors: Erk Jan , Veenendaal Wouter
Published: July 2014

Over the past decade and a half, a number of political scientists have claimed that the world’s microstates—meaning the dozen or so tiny countries with fewer than a hundred-thousand citizens each—are remarkably likely to be democracies. There is only one thing wrong with the story of the “microdemocratic miracle”: It is not true. In fact, small states are not likely to be liberal democracies. The mistaken notion that they are can be traced to a simple flaw in methodology: All the studies purporting to uncover a link between small state size and democracy are based on Freedom House (FH) findings that overemphasize the more formal aspects of democracy while failing to capture the informal but real power relations and pathways of influence that are common in microstates and frequently lead to de facto deviations from democracy.
Determining boreal clearcut object properties and characteristics for identification purposes
Authors: Lideskog Håkan , Ersson Back , Bergsten Urban , Karlberg Magnus
Published: July 2014

After clearcutting, machines traffic the clearcut conducting different silvicultural activities. Many objects on a forest clearcut (slash residues, stones, stumps and roots) may disturb e.g. site preparation and planting. This paper describes properties and characteristics of these objects. A flowchart was developed that describes a possible computer-aided system that identifies the objects, and ultimately, makes a machine avoid or target them. A system for obstacle identification creates conditions for further technical development and (semi)automation of e.g., site preparation, mechanized planting, and stump removal.
Militarism and Melodrama: The Cultural Work of Combat Death
Authors: Soltysik Monnet Agnieszka
Published: July 2014

This essay examines the role of melodrama in the American war film, focusing on three post-WWII examples. The main argument centers on the natural alliance between melodrama and militarism based on a shared intolerance for the notion of death as meaningless and in vain. Both melodrama and military ideology employ elaborate rhetorical and narrative strategies to enfold deaths into larger systems of meaning, such as the nation, or in more personal terms, as a rite of passage. One of the most common narrative devices present in the military melodrama is the death that converts survivors to the values of the virtuous victim. The essay examines the shared conventions and different strategies of the following three films: Sands of Iwo Jima (1949), Platoon (1986), and Top Gun (1986).
Refractory shock secondary to treatment with levofloxacin in an extremely low birth weight infant affected by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia
Authors: Leante-Castellanos José Luis , Zamora-Gimeno María Jesús , Gonzálvez-Candela María José , Chica-Marchal Amelia , Fuentes-Gutiérrez Carmen , Lloreda-García José María
Published: July 2014

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important but rare cause of late onset neonatal sepsis in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. These infections are difficult to treat due to the multiple drug resistance profile of the organism. One class of antibiotics available for use is the quinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. However, the limited experience and known toxicity of levofloxacin raises further concerns regarding its use in this patient population. We present a case of refractory shock in an ELBW infant following the use of levofloxacin to treat S. maltophilia infection. The use of levofloxacin in ELBW infants may be associated with major hemodynamic compromise and, accordingly, we recommend caution for its use in this patient population.
The Semiotics of Karl Marx
Authors: Ponzio Augusto
Published: July 2014

This paper claims that, as a “cryptosemiotician” and a philosopher, Marx practiced semiotics. Thus the paper examines Marx’s semiotics and its historical and theoretical developments in Europe. The relation between semiotics and Marxism is understood in the sense that the study of signs is not secondary with respect to historical-dialectical materialism. Marxism is an “open system” in that the elements that constitute it are related in such a way that modification of one element provokes modification of the others. It is an open system because it is a scientific system; it is subject to the laws of science and thus continuously susceptible to verification and exposed to confutation. I propose a critical reading of so-called Marxist interpretations of Marxian semiotics.
‘Subject-Object Contrast’ and ‘Subject- Object Merger’ in ‘Thinking for Speaking’
Authors: Ikegami Yoshihiko
Published: July 2014

Language users are known to have the ability to construe a given situation in several alternate ways. It is also known that being faced with one and the same situation, a speaker of one language may prefer to construe it in one way, while a speaker of another language may chose to construe it in another way. The present paper addresses this variability specifically with regard to speaker preference for either the ‘subject-object contrast’ type of construal or the ‘subject-object merger’ type of construal. It further suggests that there can be a parallelism (or ‘homology’) between a speaker’s stance in linguistic encoding and a painter’s stance in pictorial encoding, as can be observed in Japanese cultural artifacts.
Subtitling Humour in Transcultural Context
Authors: Wang Dingkun
Published: July 2014

In China, subtitling is replacing dubbing as the preferred mode of audiovisual translation. Fans of particular shows form groups to circulate their video resources and translations online. Although remaining controversial, ‘fansubs’ shed light on and raise questions in both theoretical and practical aspects of subtitling. Herein I define what the product of subtitling should be and investigate strategies of translation in use. The analysis focuses specifically on translators’ strategies in complying with the constraints of a multimodal medium in order to explain, transform, or neutralize the subtitle for transcultural purposes. This goal is achieved by comparing different versions of Chinese subtitles for the same episodes selected from two American TV sitcoms - The Big Bang Theory and Two and a Half Men.
Symmetry Expands the Potential of Peircean Semiotics
Authors: Fernández Eliseo
Published: July 2014

I focus on the history of energy, symmetry, and symmetry breaking as unifying conceptions connecting previously isolated fields of inquiry. This narrative proceeds through three stages. The first concerns the establishment of the principle of conservation of energy in the second half of the 19th century. The second depicts the emergence of the concept of symmetry and its central role in relativity and quantum physics. The third stage follows the rise of the notion of symmetry breaking from a seminal paper by Pierre Curie to its present pervasive role in explanation and concept unification, and in bridging previously separated disciplines, such as quantum chromodynamics, condensed matter physics, and cosmology. Applications of these ideas to biology and semiotics are noted.
Von der Kritik der Urteilskraft zum Prinzip der offenen Frage
Authors: Lindemann Gesa
Published: July 2014

The relevance of Kant to Plessner’s work was long all but ignored and there is hardly any mention of Plessner in the Kant literature. The Plessner renaissance beginning in the 1990s, however, has brought with it a stronger focus on the methodological construction of his theory, so that the Kant connection has at least been acknowledged, but the particular relevance of Kant’s Critique of Judgement has not been systematically explicated. In this essay, I investigate the connection between Kant’s notion of reflective - specifically teleological - judgment and Plessner’s theory. I begin by setting out the characteristics of teleological judgment, with two points being of particular importance: the temporal structure of the final cause and Kant’s reference to an understanding other than the human, that is, to an ordering power other than the human. In a second step, I work out Plessner’s conceptualization of the spatiotemporal appearance of organisms and the way he understands the other of human understanding as nature’s - or history’s - historically evolved and mutable capacity for self-order. He arrives at these conclusions by way of a methodologically controlled process of questioning derived from Kant, which he calls the “principle of the open question.”
Effectiveness of a Chinese positive youth development program: the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ma Cecilia M.S.
Published: July 2014

Adopting a static group comparison design, this study examined the effectiveness of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs) using social survey data. In a longitudinal study, 3328 students were recruited from 28 secondary schools for the wave 1 data, with 16 participating schools (P group) and 12 nonparticipating schools (NP group). The data were collected roughly 4 months after the inception of Project P.A.T.H.S., and the data collection time for the two groups was similar. Results showed that the two groups did not differ in their school characteristics, with the exception of student age, length of stay in Hong Kong and family functioning. Analyses of covariance were conducted with the removal of the effects of age, length of stay in Hong Kong and family functioning. Compared with students in the nonparticipating schools, students participating in the Project P.A.T.H.S. had better positive youth development and displayed less adolescent risk behavior. Acknowledging the limitations of a static group comparison as a pre-experimental design, the present study provides supplementary evidence on the effectiveness of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.
Service leadership education for university students in Hong Kong: qualitative evaluation
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Lin Li , Liu Ting Ting , Law Moon Y.M.
Published: July 2014

This study examined the perceptions of students taking a subject entitled “Service Leadership” at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University which was developed using the model proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management (HKI-SLAM). After taking this subject, students were invited to participate in a qualitative study where they used three descriptors and a metaphor to describe their experiences about the subject. Based on the reflections of 50 students, results showed that 96.1% of the descriptors and 90% of the metaphors used by the students were positive. In conjunction with the objective outcome evaluation, subjective outcome evaluation and process evaluation findings, the present study suggests that “Service Leadership” is a subject that can promote holistic development in Chinese university students in Hong Kong.
Power Systems Decentralized Optimization
Authors: Ramirez Juan M. , Vargas-Marín Javier , Correa-Gutiérrez Rosa E.
Published: July 2014

The paper’s aim is to explore both active and reactive power losses minimization and voltage stability by a decentralized strategy. The approach assumes that the grid is split into sub-systems; each sub-system is in charge of its own optimal solution using equivalents for the neighbors, so that information exchange is not required. Schedule interchanges among sub-systems have been added as constraints into the optimal formulation. Once the individual solutions are available, the corresponding settings are allocated to the corresponding equipment and a full power flow study is carried out to assure the steady-state preservation. Results are exhibited on two test power systems.
Fault Location for Transmission Lines with Voltage and Current Measurements at One Bus
Authors: Xiu Wanjing , Liao Yuan
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a novel fault location method for transmission lines. The proposed method extends an existing method to locate faults by employing voltage and current measurements at one bus, which can be the bus of the faulted line or be far away from the faulted line. The method is applicable if a loop exists that encloses the faulted line, and the bus, of which the voltage is used, and the branch, of which the current is used. The during-fault positive-sequence bus impedance matrix is derived. Then superimposed voltages and currents due to the fault are expressed as a function of fault location and related transfer and driving point impedances. Consequently, the fault location can be evaluated using the obtained measurements. The distributed parameter line model is adopted to consider the shunt capacitances of the line. The proposed method is independent of fault resistance and fault type. Simulation studies have been carried out based on a 27-bus power system, and promising results have been achieved.
In Vitro Anti-tumor Effects of Chemically Modified Polysaccharides from Cherokee Rose Fruit
Authors: Xiao Kai Jun , Zhang Ling , Liu Xiao Hong , Wang Zhao Mei , Yang Shang Tian
Published: July 2014

Cherokee rose fruit (CRF) is a Chinese traditional herb which has been used in medicine for hundreds of years. The anti-tumor activity of CRF polysaccharides (CRFPs) has not yet been evaluated. To study the in vitro anti-tumor effects of CRFP and its derivatives, native CRFP was isolated from CRF by hot water extraction, and its molecular weight analyzed with gel filtration chromatography was 227,000 Da. Native CRFP was sulfated with ClSO3H-DMF and carboxymethylated with monochloroacetic acid in alkaline aqueous medium. The resulting derivatives were isolated and labeled as SF-CRFP and CM-CRFP, respectively. The in vitro inhibition rates of CRFP and its derivatives for tumor cells SKVO (human ovarian cancer cell), HepG2 (human hepatoma cell), and LoVo (human colon cancer cell) were evaluated, the result showed that native CRFP exhibited no significant inhibition effect on the three tumor cells even at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, but sulfation and carboxymethylation substantially enhanced the anti-tumor activities of CRFP in a dose-dependent way. SF-CRFP at the dose of 50 μg/ml displayed a significant inhibitory effect on SKVO, HepG2, and LoVo, with the viability rates of 33.6%, 44.8%, and 43.2%, respectively. It has a dosage-dependence inhibition on tumor growth in this model, with IC50 for SKVO, HepG 2, and LoVo being 21 μg/ml, 36 μg/ml, and 49 μg/ml, respectively. CM-CRFP showed a specific inhibition on HepG2 with a viability rate of 12.2%, with an IC50 of 17 μg/ml, while it had hardly any anti-tumor effect on SKVO cells. Thus, chemical modifications of CRFPs by sulfation and carboxymethylation effectively improved their anti-tumor properties.
Dorn Creep Model and Finite Element Simulation of SnAgCu-CNT Solder Joints in FCBGA Device
Authors: Zhang Liang , Sun Lei , Han Lei , Guo Yong-huan
Published: July 2014

With the addition CNTs, the properties of SnAgCu solders and solder joints can be improved remarkably. In this paper, based on the creep testing, the Dorn creep model was used to represent the creep behavior of SnAgCuCNT solder, and the parameters were determined with the fitting analysis. Moreover, the Dorn creep model of SnAgCu and SnAgCuCNT was incorporated into finite element code for calculating the creep strain response of solder joints in FCBGA (Flip Chip Ball Grid Array) device during thermal cycle loading. The results indicated that the CNTs can enhance the creep resistance of SnAgCu solder, which demonstrates the SnAgCuCNT solders can replace the SnAgCu solder in electronic industry for highreliability requirement.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus leaves
Authors: Das Biplab Kumar , Al-Amin Md. Mamun , Chowdhury Nusrat Nabila , Majumder Md. Fakhar Uddin , Uddin Mohammad Nasir , Pavel Md. Adit Muktadir
Published: July 2014

Background: Our present study was carried out to explore the potential role of the methanol extract from the leaves of Phlogocanthus thyrsiflorus (PT) Nees. in central and peripheral analgesic activities using hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing methods. We also tested the anti-inflammatory effects and anti-oxidant activity using carrageenan-induced paw edema and the DPPH method, respectively.

Methods: Methanol extracts of PT leaves were prepared using 500 g powder in 1.8 L methanol by percolation method, followed by evaporation in a rotary evaporator under controlled temperature and pressure. The crude methanol extract was dried by freeze drier and preserved at 4 °C.

Results: Oral administration of PT significantly (p<0.05) increased the reaction time at 55.73% (250 mg/kg) and 72.81% (500 mg/kg) inhibition (p<0.05) in the hot plate test at 3 h. PT significantly (p<0.05) inhibited 42.17% (250 mg/kg) and 56.63% (500 mg/kg) acetic acid-induced writhing. PT leaves (250 and 500 mg/kg) also significantly (p<0.05) inhibited paw edema 6 h after carrageenan injection. Furthermore, this plant showed significant (p<0.05) free radical-scavenging activity at a dose range of 25–800 μg/mL.

Conclusions: Based on the findings, we can conclude that PT leaf possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities. Preliminary phytochemical study of PT leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins and triterpens in methanol extract which could be correlated with its observed biological activities.
Rapid adaptation to time-compressed speech in young and older adults
Authors: Simhony Ma’ayan , Grinberg Michal , Lavie Limor , Banai Karen
Published: July 2014

Background: The ability of human listeners to comprehend rapid speech improves quickly with experience, a process known as adaptation. Whether inefficient adaptation to rapid speech partially accounts for the marked difficulties of older listeners with rapid speech is not clear.

Methods: Two conditions of adaptation to time-compressed speech were used. A baseline condition intended to test the hypothesis that adaptation is different in older and younger listeners, and an interference condition in which sentences compressed to two different rates were interleaved. Identification accuracy was compared between two time points (before and after adaptation) and between older and younger listeners.

Results: The effects of adaptation did not differ between younger and older listeners in either adaptation condition.

Conclusions: It seems that once initial performance differences are taken into account, rapid adaptation to time-compressed speech is as effective and as immune to interference by competing speech rates in younger and older adults.
Auditory-evoked cortical activity: contribution of brain noise, phase locking, and spectral power
Authors: Harris Kelly C. , Vaden Kenneth I. , Dubno Judy R.
Published: July 2014

Background: The N1-P2 is an obligatory cortical response that can reflect the representation of spectral and temporal characteristics of an auditory stimulus. Traditionally, mean amplitudes and latencies of the prominent peaks in the averaged response are compared across experimental conditions. Analyses of the peaks in the averaged response only reflect a subset of the data contained within the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. We used single-trial analyses techniques to identify the contribution of brain noise, neural synchrony, and spectral power to the generation of P2 amplitude and how these variables may change across age group. This information is important for appropriate interpretation of event-related potentials (ERPs) results and in understanding of age-related neural pathologies.

Methods: EEG was measured from 25 younger and 25 older normal hearing adults. Age-related and individual differences in P2 response amplitudes, and variability in brain noise, phase locking value (PLV), and spectral power (4–8 Hz) were assessed from electrode FCz. Model testing and linear regression were used to determine the extent to which brain noise, PLV, and spectral power uniquely predicted P2 amplitudes and varied by age group.

Results: Younger adults had significantly larger P2 amplitudes, PLV, and power compared to older adults. Brain noise did not differ between age groups. The results of regression testing revealed that brain noise and PLV, but not spectral power were unique predictors of P2 amplitudes. Model fit was significantly better in younger than in older adults.

Conclusions: ERP analyses are intended to provide a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms that contribute to individual and group differences in behavior. The current results support that age-related declines in neural synchrony contribute to smaller P2 amplitudes in older normal hearing adults. Based on our results, we discuss potential models in which differences in neural synchrony and brain noise can account for associations with P2 amplitudes and behavior and potentially provide a better explanation of the neural mechanisms that underlie declines in auditory processing and training benefits.
The Law and Land Grabbing: Friend or Foe?
Authors: Alden Wily Liz
Published: July 2014

This paper reflects upon the role of law in the contemporary surge in global large-scale land acquisitions. Its point of reference is the land security of several billion rural poor who traditionally own and use untitled lands that are classified as state lands or unowned public lands in national laws. Most of the affected lands are off-farm areas including forests, marshlands, and rangelands. Investors target these lands in belief they are unowned. Governments concur, selling or leasing these lands on grounds of being technically the lawful owner and despite awareness that these lands are occupied and used. Despite the longstanding nature of such conflicts as well known and long debated, the present land rush brings unresolved contradictions between statutory and customary law and associated meanings of property firmly to the fore. Using Sub-Saharan Africa as the example, this paper examines the legal effects. It is shown that while millions of local land rights are threatened, the land rush also vitalises demands for improved national law status for unregistered customary rights, including those such as forest and rangelands purposely held by communities in common. To this extent, the contemporary rush could prove as much legal friend as foe to majority land rights in agrarian economies. This is partly because the current rush, unlike those that have gone before it, occurs in an environment of advanced popular communication, emergent mass empowerment, and has the advantage of a pre-rush era of legal improvement in the handling of indigenous and customary land rights that has established alternative precedents. Opportunities to coerce modification of classical dispossessory paths of economic growth strongly exist. Global advocacy for secure community land rights is rapidly advancing.
Numerical Investigations on the Nanosecond Pulse Discharge Process of Disk-Shape Plasma Igniter
Authors: Yu Jin-Lu , He Li-Ming , Jiang Yong-Jian , Chen Yong-Gang , Xie Min-Qi
Published: July 2014

Based on nonequilibrium plasma dynamics of air discharge, the dynamic model of two-dimensional plasma is established by combining the plasma dynamic model, chemical reaction equations and Navier-Stokes equations. The discharge process of disk-shape plasma igniter is simulated. The process of discharge stream formation is obtained, which results from by electrons’ movement and aggregation. At
Estradiol increases cAMP in the oviductal secretory cells through a nongenomic mechanism
Authors: Oróstica María L , Lopez John , Rojas Israel , Rocco Jocelyn , Díaz Patricia , Reuquén Patricia , Cardenas Hugo , Parada-Bustamante Alexis , Orihuela Pedro A
Published: July 2014

In the rat oviduct, estradiol (E2) accelerates egg transport by a nongenomic action that requires previous conversion of E2to methoxyestrogens via catechol-O-methyltranferase (COMT) and activation of estrogen receptor (ER) with subsequent production of cAMP and inositol triphosphate (IP3). However, the role of the different oviductal cellular phenotypes on this E2nongenomic pathway remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of E2on the levels of cAMP and IP3 in primary cultures of secretory and smooth muscle cells from rat oviducts and determine the mechanism by which E2increases cAMP in the secretory cells. In the secretory cells, E2increased cAMP but not IP3, while in the smooth muscle cells E2decreased cAMP and increased IP3. Suppression of protein synthesis by actinomycin D did not prevent the E2-induced cAMP increase, but this was blocked by the ER antagonist ICI 182 780 and the inhibitors of COMT OR 486, G protein-α inhibitory (Gαi) protein pertussis toxin and adenylyl cyclase (AC) SQ 22536. Expression of the mRNA for the enzymes that metabolizes estrogens,Comt,Cyp1a1, andCyp1b1was found in the secretory cells, but this was not affected by E2. Finally, confocal immunofluorescence analysis showed that E2induced colocalization between ESR1 (ERα) and Gαiin extranuclear regions of the secretory cells. We conclude that E2differentially regulates cAMP and IP3 in the secretory and smooth muscle cells of the rat oviduct. In the secretory cells, E2increases cAMP via a nongenomic action that requires activation of COMT and ER, coupling between ESR1 and Gαi, and stimulation of AC.
Про нескінченні залишки гіллястого ланцюгового дробу Ньордунда для гіпергеометричних функцій Аппеля
Authors: Hoyenko N.P. , Hladun V.R. , Manzij O.S.
Published: July 2014

Досліджено відповідність, збіжність і стійкість до збурень нескінченних залишків гіллястого ланцюгового дробу Ньорлунда в полікруговій області $\{ (z_1, z_2)\in \mathbb{C}^2: |z_j|\leq r,j=1,2\}$, $0<r<1/8$, у випадку довільних параметрів гіпергеометричної функції Аппеля.
Interpolated scales of approximation spaces for regular elliptic operators on compact manifolds
Authors: Dmytryshyn M.I.
Published: July 2014

We define the interpolated scales of approximation spaces, generated by regular elliptic operators on compact manifolds. The appropriate Bernstein-Jackson inequalities and application to spectral approximations of regular elliptic operators are considered.
Нелокальна крайова задача для рівняння з частинними похідними у комплексній області
Authors: Il'kiv V.S. , Volyans'ka I.I.
Published: July 2014

Досліджено нелокальну крайову задачу для рівняння з частинними похідними з оператором узагальненого диференціювання $B=z\frac{\partial}{\partial z}$, який діє на функції скалярної комплексної змінної $z$. Доведено теорему єдиності та теореми існування розв'язку задачі у просторі $\mathbf{H}_{q}^n(\mathcal{D})$. Встановлено умови бієктивності оператора нелокальних умов задачі. Показано коректність за Адамаром задачі, що відрізняє її від некоректної за Адамаром задачі з багатьма просторовими комплексними змінними, розв'язність якої пов'язана з проблемою малих знаменників.
Обернені крайові задачі для дифузійно-хвильового рівняння з узагальненими функціями в правих частинах
Authors: Lopushansky A.O. , Lopushanska H.P.
Published: July 2014

Доведено однозначну розв'язність задач про визначення пари функцій: розв'язку $u(x,t)$ першої крайової задачі для рівняння$$u^{(\beta)}_t-a(t)u_{xx}=F_0(x)\cdot g(t), \;\;\; (x,t) \in(0,l)\times (0,T],$$з дробовою похідною $u^{(\beta)}_t$ порядку $\beta\in (0,2)$, узагальненими функціями в початкових умовах, а також невідомого неперервного коефіцієнта $a(t)>0$, $t\in [0,T]$ (або невідомої неперервної функції $g(t)$) при відомих значеннях $(a(t)u_x(\cdot,t),\varphi_0(\cdot))$ ($(u(\cdot,t),\varphi_0(\cdot))$) відповідної узагальненої функції на заданій основній функції $\varphi_0(x)$.
Symmetric continuous linear functionals on complex space $L_\infty[0,1]$
Authors: Vasylyshyn T.V.
Published: July 2014

We prove that every symmetric continuous linear functional on the complex space $L_\infty[0,1]$ can be represented as a Lebesgue integral multiplied by a constant.
Degradación enzimática de celulosa por actinomicetos termófilos: aislamiento, caracterización y determinación de la actividad celulolítica
Authors: Ramírez Pablo , Coha Juana María
Published: July 2014

Se aislaron 145 cepas de actinomicetos celulolíticos termófilos a partir de 71 muestras de compost, suelos, estiércol y heno de nuestro medio. Las especies de actinomicetos que más prevalencia tuvieron en las muestras estudiadas fueron Streptomyces sp. (50,63%), Thermomonospora curvata (15,82%), T. chromogena (13,92%), seguida de otras especies en menor proporción. Se evaluó la actividad endoglucanasa, exoglucanasa y β-glucosidasa de 10 cepas de actinomicetos celulolíticos. Entre éstas la cepa de Streptomyces sp. 7CMC10 mostró los mayores niveles de actividad correspondientes a 20,14; 2,61 y 5,40 UI/mg de proteína, respectivamente.
Notas sinonímicas sobre Ctenuchini y Euchromiini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Authors: Grados Juan
Published: July 2014

En el presente trabajo se da a conocer cuatro nuevos sinónimos a nivel de especie de lepidopteros de los grupos Ctenuchini y Eucromiini (Arctiidae) basado en el examen del material tipo primario.
Las Poáceas del Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Oxapampa, Pasco, Perú. Parte I: Bambusoideae
Authors: La-Torre María I. , Cano Asunción , Tovar Oscar
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo es la primera parte de un estudio de la biodiversidad de la familia Poaceae del Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén y zonas aledañas, (10º 35' − 10º 10' LS y 75º 10' − 75º 45' LO, y desde los 300 hasta los 3800 m). El material utilizado procedió de colectas realizadas por los autores desde 1995 a 1996 y de material depositado en el Herbario San Marcos (USM) del Museo de Historia Natural y del Missouri Botanical Garden (MO). En esta primera parte se da a conocer la diversidad de la subfamilia Bambusoideae. En el área de estudio han sido registradas para la subfamilia Bambusoideae 7 géneros y 23 especies. Entre las Bambusoideas leñosas el género Chusquea presentó el mayor número de especies (siete). El género Olyra es el mejor representado entre las Bambusoideas herbáceas con cinco especies. Se presenta una breve descripción de la subfamilia y los géneros, así como también claves para diferenciar los géneros y especies. Para cada especie se indican datos de su ecología, distribución y el material estudiado.
Caracterización limnológica de la laguna de Cashibococha (UcayaliPerú) durante el año 2001
Authors: Riofrío José , Samanez Iris , Carrasco Fredi , Clavo Mirella
Published: July 2014

Durante el año 2001 se realizaron muestreos bimensuales en tres estaciones fijas en la laguna de Cashibococha (Ucayali, Perú). Cashibococha presenta aguas de color verdoso a café oscuro, con pH entre 6 a 6,8, Conductividad entre 10 y 30µS.cm −1 , Transparencia de 21 a 59 cm y Alcalinidad Total entre 14 y 22 mg CaCO3 / L . La temperatura superficial del agua osciló entre 24,4 y 37 ºC y el Oxígeno Disuelto entre 1,3 y 7,4 mg/ L. Los análisis bacteriológicos registraron recuentos de aerobios mesófilos entre 350 y 3600 UFC/ mL. Los coliformes totales oscilaron entre 3 y 43 NMP/ 100 mL. Se diferenciaron 47 especies pertenecientes a 20 familias de macrófitas acuáticas; el mayor número de especies se reportó durante la época de Transición − Creciente (octubre − noviembre), debido a la inundación del bosque. Fueron identificadas 52 especies de fitoplancton, la División Chlorophyta fue la mas dominante. La comunidad fitoplanctónica está dominada por las especies Actinastrum hantzschi, Spirogyra sp., Eudorina elegans, Pandorina morum y Closterium kuetzingui. Se diferenciaron 54 especies de Zooplancton. Los rotíferos fue el taxa dominante. La densidad de zooplancton está dominada por Brachionus patulus macracanthus y Polyarthra vulgaris. Fueron identificadas 66 especies de peces, pertenecientes a 55 géneros, 11 familias y 4 órdenes. El orden dominante en diversidad y abundancia fue el de Characiformes, Curimata vittata fue la especie dominante en la comunidad de peces en éstas áreas litorales. Los índices de diversidad fueron superiores a 3,0 bits. ind –1 , en todas las estaciones y lugares de muestreo. De igual manera los valores de equitabilidad fueron superiores a 0,8 en todas las estaciones y lugares de muestreo.
Separación e identificación de algunas toxinas del veneno de Centruroides margaritatus (Gervais,1841) (Scorpiones : Buthidae)
Authors: Escobar Enrique , Velásquez Luz , Rivera Carlos
Published: July 2014

Las proteínas del veneno del escorpión Centruroides margaritatus, fueron separadas mediante cromatografía de intercambio catiónico en CM-Sephadex C-25 con buffer acetato de amonio 0,05M a pH 7, a partir de 28,3 mg de veneno obtenidos de 52 ejemplares adultos capturados en la provincia de Zarumilla, Tumbes, norte del Perú. El perfil cromatográfico mostró la presencia de 9 picos de proteína y los ensayos de toxicidad han permitido identificar tres tipos de toxinas, cada una específica para crustáceos, insectos y roedores, respectivamente. Tanto en el veneno crudo como en las fracciones colectadas, no se encontró actividad de fosfolipasa ni actividad proteolítica. La PAGE-SDS del veneno crudo, muestra la presencia de una banda bastante notoria de aproximadamente 14 KDa, y otras dos muy tenues, de aproximadamente 45KDa, lo cual significa que la mayoría de proteínas de este veneno son de peso molecular igual o menor a 14KDa.
Primera hembra conocida de Megathecla gigantea (Hewitson, 1867) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini)
Authors: Lamas Gerardo , Ramírez Juan José , Robbins Robert K.
Published: July 2014

Se reporta la primera hembra conocida de la extremadamente rara especie amazónica Megathecla gigantea (Hewitson, 1867), de Perú, Loreto, Tierra Hermosa. Se ofrece algunas notas sobre su comportamiento y hábitat.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Romero Leonardo
Published: July 2014

La globalización para la ciencia implica entre otras cosas la modernización de los medios y la concentración de la información científica en pocos archivos que sean de fácil acceso. Sin embargo, esto que aparentemente al final terminara con una «forma evolucionada de manera natural» es un proceso social complejo. Un proceso en el cual las sociedades más numerosas y con un mayor desarrollo económico están modelando la cultura de acuerdo a sus necesidades. De hecho los momentos actuales son de economías y de mercados. La expansión y popularización de la INTERNET sumado a las nuevas tecnologías están permitiendo un escenario propicio para el desarrollo de nuevos conceptos de medio de difusión de la información científica. Uno de los primeros ejemplos de esto fue Los Alamos National Laboratory e-print archive1 establecido en 1991, que permitió el acceso automatizado a trabajos científicos en un primer momento de física, astronomía y matemáticas y en la actualidad incluye también biología cuantitativa. Estos trabajos quedan a disposición de la comunidad científica, algunos han sido publicados en revistas convencionales y otros no, pero en general el arXiv.org, como se denomina en la actualidad, cumple el papel que podrían realizar revistas científicas.
Observaciones adicionales sobre la biogeografía de la zona de Amotape-Huancabamba en el norte del Perú
Authors: Weigend Maximilian
Published: July 2014

Observaciones de Loasaceae y Ribes (Grossulariaceae) obtenidos durante estudios de campo en el Perú nos permiten definir el límite suroriental de la zona Amotape Huancabamba con gran precisión. El límite se encuentra entre la zona directamente al NE de Otuzco (departamento La Libertad, prov. Otuzco, sistema Río Chicama: 07° 50,315´ S, 078° 29,076´ W) hacía el abra entre Parcoy y Buldibuyo (departamento La Libertad, provincia Pataz, N del Río Cajas: 08° 04,619´ S, 077° 25,457´ O). Los grupos de plantas típicas de la zona Amotape Huancabamba (grupo N. triphylla, N. ser. Alatae, grupo Ribes andicola, Nasa picta subsp. picta) tienen sus límites suroriental de distribución en el Norte de la provincia de Pataz (La Libertad), y se encuentran reemplazadas por grupos de los Andes Centrales (grupo N. poissoniana, Ribes viscosum) inmediatamente al sur de esta abra.
Familia Ellobiidae (Gastropoda: Archaeopulmonata) en el litoral peruano
Authors: Paredes Carlos , Indacochea Aldo , Cardoso Franz , Ortega Kelly
Published: July 2014

Se reportan 8 especies de Ellobiidae para la Costa Peruana, pertenecientes a las subfamilias Ellobiinae: Ellobium stagnale (Orbigny, 1835) y Sarnia frumentum Petit, 1842; Melampodinae: Melampus carolianus (Lesson, 1842), Melampus olivaceus Carpenter, 1857 y Detracia graminea Morrison, 1846; y Pedipedinae: Marinula acuta (Orbigny, 1835), Marinula concinna (C.B Adams, 1852) y Marinula pepita King, 1831. Seis especies viven asociadas al bosque de manglar en el departamento de Tumbes, y dos en las playas de canto rodado en los límites de la Provincia Peruana. Cuatro especies tropicales se registran por primera vez para el mar peruano: E. stagnale, M. olivaceus, D. graminea y M. acuta.
Equinodermos de las Islas Lobos de Afuera (Lambayeque, Perú)
Authors: Hooker Yuri , Solís-Marín Francisco A. , Lleellish Miguel
Published: July 2014

Del 19 al 24 de junio de 1999 se llevó a cabo una expedición para realizar el inventario rápido de los equinodermos de las Islas Lobos de Afuera (06°55,5 S - 80°42,5 W). Se colectó un total de 39 especies de equinodermos: 7 asteroideos (2 nuevos registros para el Perú: Luidia bellonae, Luidia brevispina); 8 ofiuroideos (1 nuevo registro para el Perú: Ophionereis sp.); 11 equinoideos (5 nuevos registros para el Perú: Astropyga pulvinata, Diadema mexicanum, Lytechinus sp., Toxopneustes roseus, Tripneustes depressus) y 13 holoturoideos (6 nuevos registros: Psolidium dorsipes, Cucumaria flamma, Pseudocnus californicus, Holothuria sp., Chiridota sp. y Actinopyga sp.).
Acantocéfalos del Perú
Authors: Tantaleán Manuel , Sánchez Lidia , Gómez Luis , Huiza Alina
Published: July 2014

En este trabajo, se reúne la mayor información disponible acerca de los acantocéfalos encontrados en el Perú y se incluyen nuevos huéspedes
Selección de fragmentos diferenciales de ADNc relacionados con estrés hídrico en Ullucus tuberosus Loz. (Bassellaceae) «olluco» (*)
Authors: Romero-Carpio Mariela , Estrada-Jiménez Rolando
Published: July 2014

A partir de la expresión diferencial de ARNm de plántulas in vitro de dos accesiones de Ullucus tuberosus Loz. «olluco» altamente tolerantes a estrés osmótico, fueron seleccionados 31 fragmentos diferenciales de ADNc relacionados con tolerancia a sequía.
Recuperación del epitelio germinal masculino de ratones tratados con dosis única de Busulfán
Authors: Guzmán Luis , López Rosmary , Llerena Guillermo , Pino José , Retuerto Fernando
Published: July 2014

Busulfán es un agente alquilante bifuncional tipo-éster, que interfiere con la replicación del ADN. Dosis elevadas de este compuesto son aplicadas antes de los transplantes de médula ósea y de células germinales, sin embargo no han sido cuantificados el daño ni la recuperación del sistema reproductor. Para cuantificar la recuperación del efecto en la espermatogénesis, se usaron ratones de la cepa Balb C, a los que se les inyectó Busulfán intraperitonealmente, 40 mg/kg de peso corporal, y se evaluó el peso testicular y la concentración espermática en cola de epidídimo, a los 30, 54 y 72 días y se realizaron cortes histológicos de testículo. Los resultados fueron analizados con la prueba U Mann-Whitney p>0.05. A los 30 días el peso testicular, la concentración espermática y el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos presentaron una drástica reducción del 77,8%, 97,9% y 34,3% respectivamente, comparados con el grupo control. A los 54 días, el peso testicular y el diámetro testicular muestran una recuperación del 70%. A los 72 días, la recuperación es completa en los parámetros evaluados. Por lo tanto, Busulfán aplicado en una sola dosis afecta significativamente la espermatogénesis en el ratón y se logra la recuperación completa en dos ciclos espermáticos.
Huéspedes definitivos de Spirometra mansonoides (Cestoda, Diphyllobothriidae) en el Perú
Authors: Tantaleán Manuel , Michaud Carmen
Published: July 2014

Se realizó un estudio parasitológico en el zoológico Parque de Las Leyendas, Lima, Perú en el año de 1993. Se recolectaron 49 muestras de heces de carnívoros pertenecientes a cinco familias: Canidae, Ursidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae y Felidae, éstas fueron procesadas usando métodos rutinarios para la búsqueda de huevos de helmintos. En las heces de tres especies de la familia Felidae, Puma concolor (puma andino y puma de la selva), Panthera onca (otorongo) y Leopardus pardalis (tigrillo) se identificaron huevos de Spirometra mansonoides.
Patrones de distribución espacial de árboles en un bosque estacionalmente seco del Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape en el noroeste peruano
Authors: Linares-Palomino Reynaldo
Published: July 2014

Se realizó un estudio de los patrones de distribución espacial de cuatro especies de árboles características de los bosques secos del Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape en el noroeste peruano, inventariando seis parcelas de una hectárea cada una. Para ello se utilizó la versión modificada de la estadística K de Ripley. Eriotheca ruizii (K. Schum.) A. Robyns (Bombacaceae), Bursera graveolens (Kunth) Triana & Planch. (Burseraceae), Caesalpinia glabrata Kunth (Leguminosae) y Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng. (Cochlospermaceae) presentan patrones que no son significantemente diferentes de un patrón completamente al azar en 11 de los 17 casos analizados. Al nivel de la escala espacial analizada, esto está en desacuerdo con el postulado general para bosques tropicales de que las especies vegetales tienden a encontrarse agrupadas. Estos resultados se analizan y discuten a la luz de los diversos factores que influyen en producirlos.
El desarrollo temprano del calamar patagónico Loligo gahi D’Orbigny,1835 en aguas peruanas (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)
Authors: Cardoso Franz , Baltazar Paul , Bautista Jorge
Published: July 2014

El desarrollo temprano del calamar patagónico, Loligo gahi D’Orbigny, 1835 fue estudiado en el campo y en el laboratorio. Las puestas colectadas en la Isla San Lorenzo, Perú, fueron transferidas al laboratorio, e incubadas en un sistema cerrado de agua marina. Las cápsulas midieron de 88 a 169 mm de longitud y cada cápsula contenía entre 56 y 114 huevos fertilizados. Los huevos midieron de 1,7 a 2,1 mm de longitud y la longitud del manto de los individuos eclosionados varió de 1,9 a 2,8 mm. El desarrollo de las paralarvas se logró a los 20 días, a una temperatura promedio de 19 ºC. El patrón de desarrollo embrionario es similar al observado en otras especies de Loligo. Las paralarvas sobrevivieron 45 días con una dieta de zooplancton (copepódos, micidáceos y larvas de poliquetos).
Dieta de Leptodactylus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anura:Leptodactylidae) en un humedal del oeste de Argentina
Authors: Sanabria Eduardo A. , Quiroga Lorena B. , Acosta Juan C.
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo estudia la dieta de una población de Leptodactylus ocellatus de los Humedales de Zonda, San Juan, al oeste de Argentina. Se analizaron 35 estómagos, las presas fueron clasificadas y los individuos se midieron en ancho y largo para calcular su volumen con la fórmula de la esfera elipsoide; además, se estimó la frecuencia de ocurrencia y abundancia. Se calcularon índices de diversidad, de similitud, amplitud de nicho e importancia relativa (IRI). Los presas mas importantes fueron: Hymenoptera, Anura, Coleoptera. Las presas con mayor porcentaje de presencia fueron los Hymenoptera Formicidae que representaron el 22,4%. No se encontró una relación significativa entre el ancho de la boca del depredador y el tamaño medio de la presa. La dieta observada en ambos sexos resultó similar.
Acanthaceae endémicas del Perú
Authors: León Blanca
Published: July 2014

The Acanthaceae are represented in Peru by 41 genera and approximately 275 species (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), basically shrubs and herbs. Here we recognize 42 endemic taxa in 15 genera. Three genera, Cephalacanthus, Orophochilus and Trichosanchezia, are endemic to Peru. Most endemic Acanthaceae are found in the Very Humid Montane and Humid Lowland Amazonian Forests regions, between 100 and 2870 m elevation. Seven endemic species are represented within Peru’s protected areas system.
Asclepiadaceae endémicas del Perú
Authors: León Blanca
Published: July 2014

La familia Asclepiadaceae es reconocida en el Perú por presentar 27 géneros y 107 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993), mayormente bejucos y hierbas. Esta familia se halla bajo revisión sistemática. Para la flora peruana, estos estudios en desarrollo probablemente concluyan con la necesidad de un reordenamiento de los taxones a nivel de los géneros (S. Liede, com. pers.). Dada la escasez de colecciones herborizadas y la falta de consenso sobre los taxones, aquí se reconocen provisionalmente 43 endemismos. En general, los endemismos en esta familia ocupan las regiones Mesoandina y Bosques Muy Húmedos Montanos, entre los 900 y 2600 m de altitud. Se aplicaron las categorías y criterios de la UICN a cinco especies. Dos endémicas se encuentran registradas en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
Burseraceae endémicas del Perú
Authors: Fine Paul , Daly Douglas C.
Published: July 2014

La familia Burseraceae es reconocida en el Perú por presentar seis géneros y 50 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), todos ellos árboles. En este trabajo se reconoce dos endemismos en dos géneros. Estos taxones endémicos ocupan las regiones Bosques Húmedos Amazónicos y Bosques Muy Húmedos Premontanos, entre los 150 y 1300 m de altitud. Ninguno de ellos se encuentra representado dentro del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
Cactaceae endémicas del Perú
Authors: Arakaki Mónica , Ostolaza Carlos , Cáceres Fátima , Roque José
Published: July 2014

250 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), mayormente cactus arbustivo-columnares. En este trabajo reconocemos 199 endemismos en 32 géneros. Seis géneros, Calymnanthium, Lasiocereus, Matucana, Mila, Oroya y Pygmaeocereus son endémicos al Perú. Esta familia requiere de esfuerzos metódicos para incrementar su representación en los herbarios nacionales, asociados con una evaluación de las poblaciones y de sus hábitats, así como una evaluación de la taxonomía y sistemática de estos taxones. La mayoría de los taxones endémicos ocupan las regiones Matorral Desértico y Mesoandina, desde el nivel del mar hasta los 4000 m de altitud. Se aplicaron las categorías y criterios de la UICN a 58 taxones. Quince taxones endémicos están representados dentro del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
Caricaceae endémicas del Perú
Authors: León Blanca
Published: July 2014

La familia Caricaceae es reconocida en el Perú por presentar tres géneros y 15 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), principalmente arbustos y árboles bajos. En este trabajo reconocemos dos endemismos, ambos del género Carica. Estos taxones endémicos ocupan las regiones Matorral Desértico, Mesoandina y Bosques Muy Húmedos Montanos, entre los 1600 y 2700 m de altitud. Ninguno de estos taxones se encuentra representado en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
Caryophyllaceae endémicas del Perú
Authors: Cano Asunción , Sánchez Isidoro
Published: July 2014

La familia Caryophyllaceae es reconocida en el Perú por presentar 19 géneros y 126 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993), principalmente hierbas y subarbustos. En este trabajo reconocemos 44 endemismos en 11 géneros. Estos taxones endémicos se encuentran principalmente en las regiones Altoandina y Mesoandina, entre los 2500 y 4950 m de altitud. Se aplicaron las categorías y criterios de la UICN a 43 taxones. Diez taxones endémicos se encuentran representados dentro del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
Chenopodiaceae endémicas del Perú
Authors: León Blanca , Monsalve Christhian
Published: July 2014

La familia Chenopodiaceae es reconocida en el Perú con cuatro géneros y 20 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), todas hierbas y arbustos. En este trabajo reconocemos un endemismo en el género Atriplex. Esta especie endémica ocupa las regiones Desierto Cálido Tropical, Desierto Semicálido Tropical y Matorral Desértico, desde el nivel del mar hasta los 1150 m; no está representada en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.