bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHRONIC HEPATITIS C TREATMENT IN 2015
Authors: AZIZ AHMAD
Published: October 2021

On a national level over 5% of the population isestimated to be infected with the hepatitis C virus(HCV), which corresponds to a prevalentpopulation of >70 million people with chronicinfection. For many patients who becomechronically infected, HCV causes slow,progressive damage to the liver and represents oneof the leading causes of cirrhosis andhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
FREQUENCY AND HISTOLOGICAL TYPES OF OVARIAN NEOPLASIA IN PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, AYUB MEDICAL COLLEGE ABBOTTABAD.
Authors: MOHAMMAD SAJJAD  , ABDUL GHAFOOR  , MOHAMMAD AKRAM  , ZARD ALI KHAN  , SHAH JEHAN
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Ovarian neoplasia are one of the commonest tumors in the world. The objective ofstudy was to determine the frequency and histological types of ovarian neoplasia in biopsy specimensent to Pathology Department, Ayub Medical College Abbottabad.METHODOLOGY: This descriptive study was carried out in Pathology Department, Ayub MedicalCollege Abbottabad. The duration of this study was one year (10.7.2012 to 10.7.2013) All thespecimens were received in 10% buffered formalin, gross examination was performed andrepresentative sections were taken. At least two blocks were made: slides were prepared and stainedwith hematoxylin and eosin stain. Diagnosis was recorded. The data were analyzed for frequency, ratio,percentage, mean and standard deviation.RESULTS: In 100 ovarian tumors 81% were benign, 18% were malignant and 1% as metastatic. Mostof the tumors (72%) were cystic on gross examination. Serous cystadenoma was the commonest benigntumor (33%) and mucinous adenocarcinoma was the commonest malignant tumor (9%). Benign cysts ofno special type (NST) were 23%. Mean age for serous cystadenoma was 39.93 ± 15.73 and formucinous cystadenocarcinoma was 48.75 ± 14.37 years. The mean age for benign cyst (NST) was 35.70± 10.13 years. Germ cell tumors especially dysgerminoma was found in early age groups (10-20 years).CONCLUSION: This study show general agreement with other national and international studies,where is Benign cyst (NST) which makes a significant percentage (23%) in this study and mucinouscystadenocarcinomas which was found to be the commonest malignant surface epithelial tumor in thisstudy (9%) are present in frequencies higher than in local and western studies.KEYWORDS: Ovarian Neoplasm, Serous Cystadenomas, Germ cell tumors.
ARE WE KILLING ANTIBIOTICS?
Authors: T.V.Rao
Published: October 2021

I was very enlightened by participating in arecent CME at Pushpagiri Medical college,Tiruvella, (1st August 2015) on ANTIBIOTICS,I learnt from many speakers, that the Antibioticsare going through the last face of survival givingthe way for Simple and commoner bacteria totake over body in a violent from as we call it asopportunistic infections, we have no way we arepouring antibiotics in the terminal stages of thepatients in ICU’s and MICU’s, unfortunately tosimple viral infections, One of the questions ofthe enlightened speaker that the life of manyAntibiotics is few years then question remainwhat next? I do not know how long the patienton salvage treatment lives but creates drugresistant strain in the environment where morehealthy and less serious patients are admitted, Itis certain our Hospitals and critical care areareas become the HOT BED for Hospitalassociated Microbes spreading all over thevicinity.
CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIES SYNDROME IN YOUNG FEMALE POPULATION OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN.
Authors: ZAHOOR AHMED  , BEENISH GUL  , TALAT NAZ  , NOUSHEEN  , SM NAEEM
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrine disorder inwomen. It is associated with characteristic metabolic disturbance, clinically manifested in the form ofamenorrhea, oligomenorrhoea. The present study was conducted on young females of district Peshawarand Mardan to investigate PCOS on the basis of clinical and biochemical findings.OBJECTIVE: To study clinical and biochemical feature regarding polycystic ovaries syndromes inyoung females of districts Peshawar and Mardan, Khyber Pkhutunkhwkha Pakistan.PATIENTS & METHOD: It was a cross sectional study of university going female students with agegroup of 20 to 25 years. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was used for the collection of data.Total T, SHBG, LH, were measured, each hormone in a single assay, using an automatedimmunochemiluminescence method (Immulite, Diagnostic Products, Los Angeles, CA). 17-OHP wasmeasured by direct Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.RESULTS: A total nine hundred& twenty six (n=926) females were randomly selected. General andclinical features include age, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhoea, acne, hirsutism, obesity and transabdominal ultrasound. The biochemical characteristics like hyper LH secretion of the 49.13% (n=455)subject were in a moderate range. In addition to 58.63% (n=543), 37.25% (n=345), 4.10% (n=38) of thewomen diagnosed with ACTH were in normal, low and high ranges respectively. Four eighty nine(n=489) women (52.80%) showed acyclic estrogen production in normal ranges while 23.97% (n=222)have in low ranges score and 23.21% (n=215) have high ranges of acyclic estrogen production.CONCLUSIONS: Polycystic ovaries are very common in this age group but are not necessarilyassociated with other signs and symptoms. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome varies widelyaccording to the definition applied. Sub-group analysis of women with polycystic ovaries according tothe presence or absence of features of polycystic ovary syndrome does not reveal an increasing trend forprogression of endocrine abnormalities usually associated with polycystic ovary syndrome.KEYWORDS: Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome (PCOS), Peshawar, Mardan, KPK
OUTCOME OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY WITH &WITHOUT DRAIN
Authors: MUHAMMAD ASLAM RAl  , M FAWAD ASLAM  , SARA ASLAM
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Cholecystitis is common health problem and laparoscopic approach to gallstonedisease is procedure of choice. Intra abdominal drain is used to pervert post operative sub hepaticcollection. However drain insertion may increase pain discomfort and delay in discharge.OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefits and harms of drain use in laparoscopic cholecystectomyMATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, single centre, Study conducted on 200 patients in needof laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Rai Medical Complex Sargodha (affiliated with Rai MedicalCollege) from April, 2009 to July 2011. All patients, after preoperative assessment, were operated undergeneral anesthesia. Prophylactic antibiotic, inj. cefuroxime 1.5 gm prior to anesthesia and two furtherdoses at 8 hour interval postoperatively were given in chronic cholecystitis and therapeutic doses, forseven days in acute cholecystitis. Patients having choledocholithiasis and open conversion wereexcluded from the study four port techniques were used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients weredivided randomly in to two groups, 100 patients in each Group A, without drain and group B with drain.Data was recorded on standardized performa.RESULTS: Out of 200 patients, 18 were male and 182 were female .Age range was 20 years to 90years. 02 patients from group B, having acute cholecystitis, had epigastric port infection on 15thpostoperative day. Drainage was done with uneventful healing. One patient from group A had s/hepaticabscess 03 weeks after surgery. Ultrasonographic guided aspiration was done in OPD with goodrecovery .No mortality, no open conversion and no CBD injury. Thirty patients from group A weredischarged within 24 hours , 3 patients having drain were discharged after 72 hours and all others fromboth groups within 48 hours.04 patients from group B had severe shoulder tip pain and relieved afterremoval of drain.Postoperative pain was significantly higher in patients who had drain placed, median VAS was 5(ranging 1-10) versus 3 in non drained group .Especially removal of drain was a painful procedure.CONCLUSION: Routine use of intra abdominal drain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is of no benefitbut causes more discomfort to patient except in empyaema gallbladder.KEY WORDS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, intra abdominal drain.
ROLE OF OCTREOTIDE ON OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors: AJMAL KHAN  , SAMIULLAH  , MANZOOR ALI  , SAIFUREHMAN
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: acute pancreatitis is a multisystem disease carrying broad spectrum of clinicalpresentation and complications. The objective of this study was to determine the positive role ofoctreotide in the out come of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the role of octreotide in patients having acutepancreatitis.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive, comparative, prospective study. The study wasconducted in the department of surgery Saidu Group of Teaching hospital Saidu Sharif Swat fromJanuary 2011 to June 2014. Total of seventy consecutive patients having acute pancreatitis wasrandomized in a prospective trail for the treatment, at tertiary care hospital in Malakand division SwatKPK Pakistan. The data of patients were recorded on a purposely prepared proforma for this study. Thediagnosis of patients was established on basis of biochemical (serum amylase, WCC, C-reactive protein)and radiological (USG, CT- scan) investigations. The patients were divided into two groups, A and B.Group A, had received octreotide along with fluids, omeprazole, analgesic. Group B received fluids,omeprazole, analgesic without octreotide. Ages of the Group A and B were matched (±5 years). Datawas analyzed using SPSS version 16 employing chi-square test (X" test). A p-value below 0.05 wasconsidered statistically significant.RESULTS: In this prospective, comparative study two groups, each of 35 consecutive patients wereselected. The mean age in Group A was 37 ±12.41 years and in Group B 40±10.32 years (p DO.364).There were 12 males and 23 females in group A, while 14 males and 21 females in group B. Both thegroups were comparable. All the patients in octreotide group A and non-octreotide group B weresurvived. No major complications were noted in either group. As far as mean hospital stay was 7 ±2.10days in group A, while it was 9±3.14 days in group B (p<0.032). All the P- values for the criteria ofstudy were calculated. P-values were significant when we consider pain control and hospital stay intwo groups.CONCLUSION: In our study we found that octreotide was more effective in the final outcome ofpatients with acute pancreatitis. There is clear cut beneficial effect of octreotide on hospital stay andreduced need of analgesics in patients having acute pancreatitis.KEYWORDS: Acute Pancreatitis, Octreotide, Hospital Stay, pain control.
Ion-exchange properties of Zn4(OH)6(SO4) 2.5H2O
Authors: Delcheva Zlatka , Stanimirova Tsveta , Petrova Nadia
Published: October 2021

The aim of the present study is to check the possibilities for ion exchange of a new zinc-hydroxy-sulfate-hydrate phase, Zn4(OH)6SO4·2–2.25H2O. The new zinc hydroxy sulfate hydrate phase was obtained by mixing of 0.5 g of Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2.2H2O and 50 ml of 1M Na2SO4 for 48h at room temperature and pH of the solution between 5–7. Ion-exchange properties were investigated by mixing of 0.2 g Zn4(OH)6(SO4) 2.5H2O with 20 ml water solution of NaCl, CaCl2 or SrCl2 with different concentrations (0.5М, 1М, or 2M) for different time (24h, 48h and 72h) at room temperature. The pH of the solutions varied in the range 6–8. The new phase has exchange properties potentials, like other zinc hydroxy sulfate hydrates composed of octahedral-tetrahedral layers. The results obtained for the kinetics of ion-exchange reactions are additional useful data for the solving of the structure of the new zinc-hydroxy-sulfate-hydrate phase in the future.
IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A MODERATING ROLE OF GENDER
Authors: Dastane Omkar
Published: October 2021

The impact of different leadership styles on employee performance was investigated in this study, whereby the proposed styles included transformational leadership, Laissez-Faire leadership, democratic leadership, and autocratic leadership. Concomitantly, the moderating effect of gender between such leadership styles and employee performance was also tested. The required data were collected by utilising a structured questionnaire and disseminating it through an online survey, engaging a sample size of 211 employees of multinational corporations in Malaysia selected using convenient sampling. Accordingly, IBM SPSS 24 was employed to conduct the reliability and normality assessment, while IBM SPSS AMOS 24 application was for the purpose of conducting the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modelling (SEM), and moderation analysis. As a result, a positive and significant relationship was found between the transformational, Laissez-Faire, and democratic leadership styles towards employee performance in Malaysia, respectively. Furthermore, the relationship between autocratic leadership and employee performance was statistically insignificant following the hypothesis testing. Meanwhile, the impact of transformational and Laissez-Faire leadership styles on employee performance was fully moderated by gender, whereas the correlation between democratic leadership and employee performance was only partially moderated. In contrast, gender posed a statistically insignificant impact for autocratic leadership and employee performance association. Moreover, the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance was more pronounced in males compared to females. The effect of Laissez-Faire leadership on employee performance is more pronounced in �female� compared to �male�. Meanwhile, the effect of democratic leadership on the variable was more pronounced in females compared to males, but with a minimum difference. The managerial implications, limitations, and future research avenues are discussed accordingly.
THE UNGOVERNABILITY OF REFORMS: THE HIGHEST CONTEXT COST RED TAPE COSTS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORMS
Authors: Nunes Pedro , Castro Concei��o
Published: October 2021

This article aims to analise in the context of state and public administration reforms, the so-called context costs, known in the literature as red tape costs. In particular, there is a strong evidence that the reform mechanisms themselves, when inefficient, generate more costs, or more red tape costs for public administration, business and society in general.
History of codification of private law in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   University of Political and Economic European Studies ", Avornic Gheorghe ,   Constantin Stere",   , Republic of Moldova, Cojocaru Violeta ,   Moldova State University, Moraru Iulian ,   Moldova State University
Published: October 2021

The division of the entire system of law into public law and private law comes from ancient times, which we have referred to in several previous personal publications. In this article we will analyze the evolution of private law in the Republic of Moldova. Private law constitutes one of the fundamental subdivisions of the science of law as a whole. At the level of the Republic of Moldova, the subdivision in question represents a distinct specific in the context that: (i) it is stratified into numerous branches of law and (ii) it constitutes a symbiosis of several national, supranational and international private legislations that correspond to modern trends of evolution of related social relations. One of the main branches of domestic private law is civil law, namely the rules tangent to the branch of law in question regulate a considerable number of social relations varied in terms of structure and content. This article will briefly address evolutionary-historical aspects of the private law legislation of the Republic of Moldova. In particular, we will analyze the influence of the Model Civil Code of the CIS States, on the one hand, and European legislation, on the other. Historical aspects will be divided into three periods.
Freedom of speech as a fundamental right within the situational context of the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria
Authors:   University of Political and Economic European Studies ", Domente Marin ,   Constantin Stere",   , Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

The right to freedom of expression and information is guaranteed by Article 10 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) in all member states of the Council of Europe. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) applying Article 10 must be considered an international standard of authority on the protection of this human right, including the right to express, transmit and receive opinions and information without the interference of public authorities. Freedom of expression is one of the most cherished constitutional rights in democracies. Freedom of expression affects every aspect of our social and political system and receives explicit and implicit protection in every modern democratic constitution. Moreover, it is frequently mentioned in public discourse and has inspired an impressive volume of legal and philosophical literature. Since its inclusion in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the right to freedom of opinion and expression has been protected in all relevant international human rights treaties. In international law, the freedom to express opinions and ideas is considered essential both at the individual level, insofar as it contributes to the full development of a person, and being a cornerstone of a democratic society.
Procedure for applying to the European Court of Human Rights
Authors:   Moldova State University, Sosna Alexandru , Colceanov Vadim ,   Comrat Court of Appeal, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

In this article, the authors explore the theoretical and practical aspects of the procedure for addressing the European Court of Human Rights. Many citizens of the Republic of Moldova apply to the European Court of Human Rights for the protection of violated rights. For several years and as a result of various factors, the Court has been overwhelmed by the number of individual applications. However, the vast majority of these applications (over 95%) are rejected, without being examined on the merits, because they did not meet one of the admissibility criteria provided by the European Convention on Human Rights. This situation creates a double frustration. On the one hand, having the obligation to respond to each request, the Court does not have the opportunity to focus, within a reasonable time, on cases that require a substantive examination, and this is of no real use to litigants. On the other hand, the actions of tens of thousands of applicants are rejected without appeal, often after years of waiting. The proposals of the authors, who must increase the guarantees of human rights protection, are very important.
Interaction of constitutional guarantees of human rights with power, economy and capital
Authors:   University of Political and Economic European Studies ", Ternovschi Alexandr ,   Constantin Stere",   , Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

The article contains a study in the field of interaction and dependence of constitutional guarantees of human rights in the Republic of Moldova on power, economy and capital. An example is given of the set of meanings and forms of this democracy, the measure, level and values of the citizens who make up a collective or make up the crowd, from the point of view of organizing the means by leading the people over the state. The causal relationship is analyzed between the interaction and the direct dependence of the implementation of the constitutional norms on the political will, the level of the economy, including the interest and purpose of the capital dictatorship. This prism studies the real issue of democracy in the Western sample regarding the completeness of citizens' expectations. The article provides an assessment of democratic values in their presence, ie form. The most frequent and richest opinions, ideas and doctrines are evaluated, for the general ideological purpose, in order to effectively achieve objectives, including the subsequent onset of certain consequences. A comparative analysis is made regarding the opinions of other authoritarian specialists in this field.
Constitutional framework for the development of self-regulatory organizations as a way of protection against corruption
Authors:   Comrat State University, Republic of Moldova, Ignatiev Vasile
Published: October 2021

The article reveals the reasons for the occurrence of various types of corruption and the classification of anti-corruption measures. The object of research is a complex of legal and non-legal relations that arise at the initial stages of the appearance of various forms and varieties of corruption. The purpose of this paper is to study the external and internal factors of the emergence of systemic corruption and to develop proactive methods for its weakening and disappearance at all levels of government and self-government. Ways are proposed to weaken corruption by developing self-regulatory organizations of entrepreneurs and delegating them to certain state functions. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that corruption is a universal property of any state, a property that, potentially, under certain conditions of social life, can lead to the emergence of problems that call into question the very existence of the state. The author also believes that it is necessary to take concrete practical measures in the direction of changing imperfect legal norms in the form of stricter control over departmental regulation and conducting permanent expertise of “anti-corruption”legislation.
On regulation of cryptocurrency: international experience
Authors:   Comrat State University, Republic of Moldova, Florea Eugen , Pustelnik Elena S. ,   Emory University School of Law, USA
Published: October 2021

The study is dedicated to various jurisdictions’ approaches to cryptocurrency relations regulation. The digital assets'legal status in the European Union is analyzed both at the central level as well at the level of such EU members as Malta, Romania, Germany. Among the countries that geographically belong to Europe, but are not members of the European Union, Switzerland and the United Kingdom are considered in this aspect. The authors also reviewed the most important issues of cryptocurrency regulation in the largest economy in the world - the United States. The Asian region is represented in the study by the jurisdictions where digital assets are most widespread (China and Japan). The main conclusion is that the Republic of Moldova should develop the balanced approach to legalizing the new sphere of socio-economic relations by taking into consideration both positive and negative experience as well as the best legal practices of other states in this field.
The classification of coded acts
Authors:   Free International University of Moldova, Postu Ion , Tentiuc Elena ,   Free International University of Moldova
Published: October 2021

In this article, authors analyze different models of codified acts. In carrying out this classification, several features of the codified documents emerged and were presented in a light conducive to study. The authors provide a practical example of doctrinal concepts, based on their empirical observations, with the relevant example for our legal system. Despite the multitude of scientific proposals, the classifications presented in the article are far from exhaustive, but are a theoretical-doctrinal exercise, aimed at systematizing knowledge about the nature and features of codified acts. Finally, the authors conclude that codes are the only form of codified act recognized by national law, although other forms are known in foreign legal systems. Without prejudice to the legal nature of codes and other classified acts, they may be doctrinally classified according to various criteria, which simplifies the understanding of their essence and contributes to their practical application.
Generalities on legal regulation of cartel agreements
Authors:   Foundation „Terre des hommes”, Republic of Moldova, Bologan Dumitrita
Published: October 2021

This article provides an overview of the evolution of competition and competition law, both in the Republic of Moldova and in some European and US countries. Also, the paper crystallizes the conceptual approaches on cartels and offers an analysis of the doctrine of the Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russia, France, Germany, USA, Great Britain regarding cartel agreements. Following the analysis carried out in this paper, it was observed that the contribution of foreign academics in the field of defining and classifying cartel agreements is substantial, and the jurisprudence of the European Commission and the European Court of Justice has served as a source of inspiration and progress for the academic environment, as well as for the development of competition on the market. Although in the Republic of Moldova there is limited research in the field of cartel agreements, it is gratifying that the legislation is harmonized with European directives, and the doctrine is developed starting from the most important international research in the field of protection of competition.
Some general aspects of mediation: notion, essence, content
Authors:   ", Soroceanu Igor ,   Stefan cel Mare",   Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Conflicts and/or misunderstandings that arise between two or more people or public / private institutions – may eventually form the subject of a judicial process, which will require a long period of time for their objective resolution. More recently in the Republic of Moldova, a new way of alternative settlement of conflicts amicably – mediation-is often publicized. Thus, in the following, we intend to carry out an analysis of the general aspects with reference to the institution of mediation, highlighting in the foreground its concept, essence and content, including the scope and the result that can be obtained. Therefore, taking into account The Commitments of the mediation council established by law no.137/2015, as well as those provided for by art.5 of the collaboration protocol for the promotion of mediation concluded on 28.05.2015, in order to inform litigants about the alternative resolution of disputes through mediation, we want to bring to the general public general aspects about the institution of mediation.
The need to strengthen the mediation institution in commercial cases in Romania and the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Legal, Political and Sociological Research, Republic of Moldova, Mihalescu Constantin
Published: October 2021

Mediation has represented and represents an alternative for state justice that impartially solves a conflict between two parties. Mediation, as it’s generally known today, appeared in Europe in ‘90s through the American branch, and imposed through Directive CE / 52/2008 of the European Parliament, that all Member States need to take steps in including the mediation in civil and commercial cases where issues appear most frequently related to the parties' affiliation to different and cross-border legal systems. In Romania, the mediation institution operates based on Law no. 196/2006 in regards to mediation and mediator profession, and in the Republic of Moldova based on Law no. 137/2015 in regards to mediation. I firmly believe that that the procedure for mediation in commercial disputes needs to be adapted, considering the fact that is a special type of mediation, as the mediator is required to possess certain knowledge and qualities specific to this field. I, therefore, consider that the specific legislation is insufficiently regulated, and due to this context, the institution of commercial mediation is in a vegetative state at this moment.
Legal regime for waste management in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   University of Political and Economic European Studies ", Cretu Adrian ,   Constantin Stere",   , Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

This article contains a study in the field of interaction and dependence of constitutional guarantees of Human Rights in the Republic of Moldova on power, economy and capital. The author analyzes the set of meanings and forms of this democracy, the measure, level and values of citizens who make up a collective or a lot of people, from the point of view of the means and methods of applying democratic principles through the prism of citizens ' involvement in the leadership of the state. The interaction and direct dependence of the implementation of constitutional norms by the political will, the level of the economy, including the interest and purpose of the dictatorship of capital, is subject to analysis. The real problem of Western-type democracy with regard to the expectations of citizens is also analyzed. The article also provides an assessment of democratic values in their current form and content. The most common and independent opinions, ideas and doctrines are analyzed. Similarly, an analysis is carried out from the general ideological point of view and the achievement of objective effects, including the subsequent occurrence of certain consequences. A comparative analysis is made on the opinions of other famous specialists in this field.
The legality of the “share” in the billing of the public water supply and sewage service
Authors:   ", Belecciu Liliana ,   Stefan cel Mare",   Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Republic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

The public water supply and sewerage service includes the totality of activities of public utility and general economic and social interest carried out for the purpose of the collection, treatment, transportation, storage and distribution of drinking water on the territory of the administrative-territorial unit, as well as for the purpose of the collection and purification of wastewater. This service is regulated, in particular, by the Law on public water supply and sewerage service No. 303/2013. The object of the law represents the creation of the legal framework for the establishment, organization, operation, regulation and monitoring of the public drinking water supply and sewerage service in the conditions of accessibility, availability, reliability, continuity, competitiveness, transparency, respecting quality, safety and environmental protection. Everything that exceeds these activities is not subject to the regulation of the Law No. 303/2013. And the application of the “share” is an illegal activity that is punishable in accordance with the legislation in force.
Analysis of the law of the Republic of Moldova on the granting of compensation in the event of the death of one of the spouses
Authors:   Moldova State University, Capsa Tudor
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes in detail and comments article by article the main legal aspects of the Law of the Republic of Moldova on the provision of benefits in the event of the death of one of the spouses No. 156/2019 through the prism of the norms and prescriptions of the national legislation on social insurance and social security, as well as their practical and correct application, with the formulation in the process of presenting the material of substantiated conclusions and recommendations on the multifaceted and topical topic under consideration. At the same time, the comments contained in this article are intended to assist faculty, doctoral students, undergraduates and students of law schools / faculties and scientific researchers of organizations / centers in the field of science and innovation in the systemic assimilation of social insurance and social security norms. , regulating the procedure for registration and payment of benefits due to the death of one of the spouses. In addition, these comments are aimed at correct / accurate understanding and application of the provisions of the current laws and regulations on social insurance and social security by employees of social insurance and social assistance / protection authorities at all levels, lawyers, inspectors of human resources services, representatives of social partners and non-governmental organizations. , entrepreneurs, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, mediators, trade unionists and activists, interested employees and government officials.
Separate aspects of the prosecutor's preparation for presentation of the state accusations in the court
Authors:   Comrat State University, Republic of Moldova, Sult Gheorghii
Published: October 2021

The article examines aspects of preparation for the presentation prosecutor’s of public prosecution in criminal courts in the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of the preliminary preparation for the presentation of the public prosecution in the courts is given. Study of the materials of the criminal case, regulatory legal acts, development of a preliminary position on a criminal case, development of a plan for participation in the trial, elements of the preparation of the prosecutor for the effective support of the public prosecution. The prosecutor’s analysis of the materials of the criminal case as the basis for high-quality support of the state prosecution. Forecasting possible situations at the stage of pre-trial preparation, the use of certain tactical techniques for studying the case materials; study of normative materials and judicial practice in relation to a specific category of cases; generalization and analysis of the materials of the criminal case; forecasting various situations that may arise during the court session; a set of tactics used to solve them; build versions of the prosecution; comprehensive planning of activities to maintain public prosecution. To adequately perceive what is happening in the trial, to competently and timely respond to the behavior of the participants in the process, to investigate and collect evidence that incriminates the defendant in the commission of a crime.
The barrier between irresponsibility and responsibility. considerations regarding the forensic psychiatric expertisein criminal law
Authors:   Free International University of Moldova, Somicu Marcela
Published: October 2021

The irresponsibility from a medico-legal point of view is supported by the following criteria: non-formation of critical discernment; severe psycho-sensory or mental disability; altering the levels of elementary consciousness and operational logic; the psychopathological motivation of the moment of committing the antisocial act and of the deviant behavior in general; there is a direct causal link between the pathological personality traits and the crime committed; the forensic onset of mental illness; mental incapacity Analyzing all the above and referring to the topic studied in this paper, we can not fail to refer to how it contributes to the mental illness of a person who has committed a crime on determining his state of responsibility or irresponsibility, because this state determines whether or not the person is liable to criminal liability and, respectively, the punishment to be applied. In order to determine whether a person acted with discernment, ie he realized the degree of social danger posed by the act committed and was able to distinguish between what is permitted and what is not permitted by law, it is necessary the conclusions of some specialists.
Formation of the penitentiary System of Soviet Ukraine (first half of the 20th century)
Authors:   National Aviation University, Ukraine, Lesi Irina
Published: October 2021

The process of organizing and becoming a system of execution of criminal penalties in Soviet Ukraine has been investigated since the Education of the Ukrainian SSR until 1930 - the beginning of the 1950s.; marked the main stages of the development of the state; The main regulatory acts of the structural and organizational activities of the penitentiary system are analyzed. In the 1920s. The Soviet penitentiary system was considered as a composite punitive system of the state and an effective means of combating the «class enemy». At the same time, the system of correctional institutions in Ukraine has not yet been considered as a means of severe punishment in the conditions of isolation from society, and it was also interpreted as an integral part of the condemnation system of convicts in social waste. The system of execution of criminal penalties to which correctional labor camps and general places of detention were determined. Independent subsystems were considered prison institutions (ordinary and investigative prisons), as well as labor colonies for minors and children's educational colonies. It has been established that under the conditions of Stalinism, an extensive network of the criminal executive system was a kind of foundation of totalitarian regime, was in an organic relationship with the administrative command system. The state administration of criminal and executive institutions in the post-war years carried out, and based on the principles of strict control of various departments of the NKVD, NKGB, MJ, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Digital technologies: the state and prospects of legal regulation in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Moldova (International round table overview)
Authors:   University of Political and Economic European Studies ", Avornic Gheorghe ,   Constantin Stere",   , Republic of Moldova, Chucha Serghei ,   Institute of State and Law, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

The overview contains the theses of the presentations of the participants of the international round table „Digital Technologies: the state and prospects of legal regulation in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Moldova”, held on April 12, 2021 by parners from the Republic of Moldova as the International Union of Lawyers, University of European Political and Economic studies „Constantin Stere”, the Union of Lawyers of the Republic of Moldova and the Interdisciplinary Center for Legal Research in the field of Labor Law and Social Security Law of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The discussion was attended by employees of the interdisciplinary Center, representatives of different areas of science in Russia and Moldova (lawyers, sociologists, historians, philosophers, psychologists) and different branches of law such as theory and history of state and law, philosophy of law, constitutional law, labor law and social security law, civil law and civil procedure, family law, etc. The participants of the round table focused on the conditions, prerequisites and prospects for the legal regulation of digital technologies in the context of changing the economic model of society. The problems discussed are usually at the intersection of different branches of law, economics, psychology and sociology, and are intersectoral and interdisciplinary in nature. Only an integraled approach to their solution allows us to achieve real practical results in optimizing the regulation of the respective relations.
IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ISOLATED FROM BATHROOMS IN FEMALE STUDENTS’ HOSTEL, UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN CITY
Authors: Ozoaduche C. L. , Idemudia I. B.
Published: October 2021

Fungi are specifically dangerous as they exhibit a significant tolerance to environmental changes and can proliferate under low relative humidity, unlike bacteria. They produce spores that are easily dispersed by air hence they are ubiquitous. The study aimed at identifying the fungal isolates present in the bathrooms located on the three floors of the hostel, University of Benin, Benin City. Samples were collected from the walls of the bathrooms using sterile swab sticks and were identified using standard microbiological techniques. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus nidulans, A. niger, A. tamarii, A.  flavus, Candida albicans, Penicillium cyclopium, P. oxalicum, Mucor mucedo, Trichophyton rubrum and Rhodotorula species. From the ground floor bathrooms, Candida albicans (23.40%) were most frequently isolated, Aspergillus nidulans (55.56%) were mostly isolated from the first floor and Mucor mucedo (56.00%) were the most isolated from the second floor.  After washing the bathrooms, Mucor mucedo was scarcely isolated from the walls of the bathrooms. The findings were processed statistically using the two-tailed test to detect the significant difference between the groups of means for the fungal counts from each floor. A significant difference (p<0.05) in the fungi isolated before and after washing was found. Isolated fungi from this study are known to be of public health importance hence, strict hygiene practices should be observed by those using the bathrooms.
STRESSORS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY STUDENT NURSES IN AMBROSE ALLI UNIVERSITY NIGERIA
Authors: Brotobor D. , Edeawe O. I. , Owoeye I. D. , Bankole S. O. , Brotobor O. , Famuyide O. K.
Published: October 2021

Stress reduces productivity and increase pressure that can influence student nurses learning and academic performance negatively. The stressors faced by student nurses are enormous and their impact is huge. It is important to enhance positive and adaptive behavior in student nurses as it might affect their coping method in practice. Aim: To examine the different stressors and stress management strategies adopted by student nurses of the Department of Nursing Science, at the Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional survey, using structured questionnaires. Using the census approach, the 314 undergraduate students of the department of nursing, at the Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma were used. Results: Out of 314 of the respondents, 301 (95.9%) agreed that academic work was their main source of stress. When faced with stress, majority of the respondents (73.6%) reported to always become religious; they pray for guidance and strength. Some also reported that they always rest when they experience stressful situations (70.4%), 45.5% reported to always seek support from healthcare workers, friends, family and their lecturers, while 51.6% respondents claimed they occasionally go for recreational activities. Conclusion: There should be a continuous effort to counsel student nurses; create some diversional therapies and revision of the academic workload. These are essential in creating an enabling and motivating environment for learning and practice.
Consuming Modernity and Nostalgia: A Case Study of Cross-border Representations and Fandom of Thailand-Myanmar Transnational Cinema
Authors: Metaveevinij Veluree
Published: October 2021

This paper explores representations of identities and fandom in two Southeast Asia border-crossing films, Myanmar in Love in Bangkok (2014) and From Bangkok to Mandalay (2016). Both films have already been exhibited in Thailand and Myanmar and have gained a huge following in both countries. Myanmar in Love in Bangkok portrays a contemporary migrant situation: It is a love story between a male Burmese migrant worker and a Thai woman played by Kaew Korravee, a Thai leading actress who has become famous in Myanmar because of her portrayal of this modern and unconventional character. Alternatively, From Bangkok to Mandalay, which notably presents Burmese and Siamese cultural heritage, has successfully created a feeling of nostalgia among the Thai audience, resulting in fan tourism to Myanmar. Comparing these two cases, I argue that consuming modernity and nostalgia are the main driving forces of the cross-border representations and their subsequent fandom. This paper also engages with the existing fan studies framework put forward by Koichi Iwabuchi and extends the studies of transnational fans further by considering the Southeast Asian sociocultural context.
“Yes, you belong to me!”: Reflections on the JaDine love team fandom in the age of Twitter and in the context of Filipino fan culture
Authors: Bolisay Richard
Published: October 2021

The concept of love teams—a pair of good-looking stars launched by a mainstream studio to appear in a succession of films, TV series, adverts, mall shows, etc.—is unique to Philippine entertainment not just because of their intense popularity among mass audiences but also because of their rich cultural history spanning decades since the beginning of Philippine cinema. This paper looks into one of today’s biggest Filipino love teams, JaDine, the portmanteau of James Reid and Nadine Lustre. It situates them contextually in the past (how love teams are packaged and sold, how the audiences express their fanaticism, etc.) and present (in the age of Twitter and “block” screenings, the fan behaviour developed in social media, etc.). As equally important for analysis as these stars are their fans, and in light of JaDine’s most recent film, Never Not Love You, this paper also looks into an incident on Twitter that reveals a lot about fan culture enabled by technology that further complicates the often overlooked position of love teams in cultural studies.
Madonna and Me: Isang Pagmimito
Authors: Pascual Chuckberry
Published: October 2021

“Madonna and Me: An Act of Myth-making” attempts to delineate the myth of the Western popstar Madonna as an outsider, and reinscribe the same myth into the writing (and in effect, reading) practice of a Filipino writer. This act of “myth-making” is not just a form of poetics, it can also be seen as an example of a study of postcolonial subjectivity, and a theory of writing.
The Dynamics of Globalization in the Regional Film The Chanters
Authors: Mallari Mary Anne
Published: October 2021

Globalization affects specific regions in the Philippines both in positive and adverse ways. While it brings in capital from migrant laborers and more advanced communication technology to connect remote regions to highly urbanized areas, globalization also causes the disenfranchisement of natives and their cultures. Its effect on ethnic cultures is clearly seen in James Robin Mayo’s The Chanters (Cena, Nazareno, Lapuz, & Mayo, 2017), a regional film about a young girl named Sarah Mae, a member of an ancient Panay-Bukidnon tribe too engrossed in globalized influences that she almost forgets the importance of her ethnic culture, as seen in her treatment of her grandfather Ramon, one of the few living chanters of their tribe. Using the aforementioned film, this paper attempts to explain the development of globalization in rural areas using Appadurai’s theory of global cultural flows. In addition, this paper will discuss how the effect of globalization in rural communities is analogous to the development of regional films, using Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of a rhizomatic growth found in A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1987). Ultimately, this type of development of regional films, with the aid of globalization, leads to a greater appreciation of the cultures in the regions and proves that the regions are an integral part of the nation.