bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scale up and efficient bioethanol production involving recombinant cellulase (Glycoside hydrolase family 5) from Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Das Saprativ P , Deka Deepmoni , Ghosh Arabinda , Das Debasish , Jawed Mohammad , Goyal Arun
Published: October 2013

Background

Lignocellulose degrading fungal enzymes have been in use at industrial level for more than three decades. However, the main drawback is the high cost of the commercially available Trichoderma reesei cellulolytic enzymes.

Results

The hydrolytic performance of a novel Clostridium thermocellum cellulolytic recombinant cellulase expressed in Escherichia coli cells was compared with the naturally isolated cellulases in different modes of fermentation trials using steam explosion pretreated thatch grass and Zymomonas mobilis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis confirmed the efficiency of steam explosion pretreatment in significant release of free glucose moiety from complex lignocellulosic thatch grass. The recombinant GH5 cellulase with 1% (w v-1) substrate and Z. mobilis in shake flask separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) trials demonstrated highest ethanol titre (0.99 g L-1, 1.2 g L-1) as compared to Bacillus subtilis (0.51 g L-1, 0.72 g L-1) and Trichoderma reesei (0.67 g L-1, 0.94 g L-1). A 5% (w v-1) substrate with recombinant enzyme in shake flask SSF resulted in a 7 fold increment of ethanol titre (8.8 g L-1). The subsequent scale up in a 2 L bioreactor with 1 L working volume yielded 16.13 g L-1 ethanol titre implying a 2 fold upturn. The rotary evaporator based product recovery from bioreactor contributed 94.4 (%, v v-1) pure ethanol with purification process efficiency of 22.2%.

Conclusions

The saccharification of steam exploded thatch grass (Hyparrhenia rufa) by recombinant cellulase (GH5) along with Z. mobilis in bioethanol production was studied for the first time. The effective pretreatment released substantial hexose sugars from cellulose as confirmed by FT-IR studies. In contrast to two modes of fermentation, SSF processes utilizing recombinant C. thermocellum enzymes have the capability of yielding a value-added product, bioethanol with the curtailment of the production costs in industry.
Microbial community composition of Tirez lagoon (Spain), a highly sulfated athalassohaline environment
Authors: Montoya Lilia , Vizioli Carlotta , Rodríguez Nuria , Rastoll María José , Amils Ricardo , Marin Irma
Published: October 2013

Background

The aim was to study the seasonal microbial diversity variations of an athalassohaline environment with a high concentration of sulfates in Tirez lagoon (La Mancha, Spain). Despite the interest in these types of environments there is scarce information about their microbial ecology, especially on their anoxic sediments.

Results

We report the seasonal microbial diversity of the water column and the sediments of a highly sulfated lagoon using both molecular and conventional microbiological methods. Algae andCyanobacteriawere the main photosynthetic primary producers detected in the ecosystem in the rainy season. Also dinoflagelates and filamentous fungi were identified in the brines. The highest phylotype abundance in water and sediments corresponded to members of the bacterial phylumProteobacteria, mainly of theGamma-andAlphaproteobacteriaclasses.FirmicutesandActinobacteriawere isolated and identified in Tirez brines and sediment samples. Halophilic sulfate reducingDeltaproteobacteriawere also detected (Desulfohalobium).

Conclusions

Important differences have been found in the microbial diversity present in the Tirez water column and the sediments between the wet and dry seasons. Also the Tirez lagoon showed a high richness of the bacterialAlpha-andDeltaproteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Actinobacteriaand for the archaealEuryarchaeota.
Monoclonal antibody 10A5 recognizes an antigen unique to the water-insoluble 25/45 membrane fraction of the rat ocular lens
Authors: Whitman Joseph K , Alviar Abigail F , Fleschner Charles R , Stuart Melissa K
Published: October 2013

The water-insoluble 25/45 fraction and non-sedimenting membrane fraction (NSMF) are two membrane preparations isolated from the ocular lens. The fractions are postulated to represent distinct subdomains of the lens with unique functions. However, attempts to distinguish between the two fractions by detecting proteins present in one fraction but absent from other have been unsuccessful. In this study, we exploited the ability of the mouse immune system to detect antigenic differences between the 25/45 fraction and NSMF isolated from the lenses of 20-day-old rats. We generated a monoclonal antibody (MAb 10A5) that reacts with a ganglioside-like antigen that is present in the 25/45 fraction but absent from the NSMF. Restriction of the antigen to the 25/45 fraction in 20-day-old animals supports the hypothesis that the 25/45 fraction and NSMF represent different subdomains within the ocular lens.
Melanocortin 4 Receptor Becomes an ACTH Receptor by Coexpression of Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Protein 2
Authors: Josep Agulleiro Maria , Cortés Raúl , Fernández-Durán Begoña , Navarro Sandra , Guillot Raúl , Meimaridou Eirini , Clark Adrian J.L. , Cerdá-Reverter José Miguel
Published: October 2013

Melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) is the only canonical ACTH receptor. Its functional expression requires the presence of an accessory protein, known as melanocortin receptor 2 accessory protein 1 (MRAP1). The vertebrate genome exhibits a paralogue gene called MRAP2, which is duplicated in zebrafish (MRAP2a and MRAP2b), although its function remains unknown. In this paper, we demonstrate that MRAP2a enables MC4R, a canonical MSH receptor, to be activated by ACTH with a similar sensitivity to that exhibited by MC2R. Both proteins physically interact and are coexpressed in the neurons of the preoptic area, a key region in the control of the energy balance and hypophyseal secretion in fish. ACTH injections inhibit food intake in wild-type zebrafish but not in fish lacking functional MC4R. Both MRAP1 and MRAP2a are hormonally regulated, suggesting that these proteins are substrates for feed-back regulatory pathways of melanocortin signaling. Fasting has no effect on the central expression of MRAP2a but stimulates MRAP2b expression. This protein interacts and is colocalized with MC4R in the tuberal hypothalamic neurons but has no effect on the pharmacologic profile of MC4R. However, MRPA2b is able to decrease basal reporter activity in cell lines expressing MC4R. It is plausible that MRAP2b decreases the constitutive activity of the MC4R during fasting periods, driving the animal toward a positive energy balance. Our data indicate that MRAP2s control the activity of MC4R, opening up new pathways for the regulation of melanocortin signaling and, by extension, for the regulation of the energy balance and obesity.
Oxidation of Dihedral-angle-controlled 2,2′-Bithiophenes with Terminal Ferrocenyl Groups
Authors: Sato Masa-aki , Arita Syuhei , Kawajiri Kazuki , Isayama Atsushi
Published: October 2013

Novel dihedral-angle-controlled 2,2′-bithiophenes with terminal ferrocenyl groups have been designed and prepared. The electrochemical and spectroscopic properties indicated that the interaction between the terminal ferrocene moieties was distinctly affected by the twist in the π-conjugated system.
Technical Note—Preservation of Supermodularity in Parametric Optimization Problems with Nonlattice Structures
Authors: Chen Xin , Hu Peng , He Simai
Published: October 2013

This paper establishes a new preservation property of supermodularity in a class of two-dimensional parametric optimization problems, where the constraint sets may not be lattices. This property and its extensions unify several results in the literature and provide powerful tools to analyze a variety of operations models including a two-product coordinated pricing and inventory control problem with cross-price effects that we use as an illustrative example.
PARTICIPANT MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION ON THE MULTINATIONAL LODGING BUSINESSES LOCATED AT SKI SITES IN TURKEY
Authors: ERCİŞ MEHMET SERDAR
Published: October 2013

This project aims to identify the views of the personnel working at the multinational lodging businesses located at ski sites in Turkey about Participant Marketing Communications Management (PMCM) practices. In this framework, the role of education in total quality management was researched. The project covered eleven marketing managers and forty five marketing staff working at the ten five-star and fourteen four-star hotels at the four largest ski centers of Turkey-Uludağ, Palandöken, Erciyes ve Sarıkamış. The data was collected according to a standard questionnaire, and was analyzed using on the ᵡ² test. Based on the results of the analysis, a statistically meaningful and positive relationship between the workers’ levels of education and their stance towards participant marketing communications management was found.
Economic forecasting with the help of linear production function complex variable
Authors: Abdullaev Ilyos
Published: October 2013

In this article one of the important problems of the base to modern theory to functions complex variable and determinations of the possibility of their using in economy is considered. We conclude it is necessary to use adaptive dynamic economic models to increase reliability of economic modeling during financial crisis.
Service Industry Management: Organizational Aspect
Authors: Voronina Natalia
Published: October 2013

In the conditions of social changes and economic modernization special attention should be paid to operation and development of the service industry as its degree of development mainly defines the rate of employment, living environment, and the level of life in the country. Estimation and management of the service sector from the operational point of view is performed with the help of principles of classification of business entities and peer grouping. This approach enables us to apply holistic analysis to functioning system and to take justified decisions. At present, all service entities based on the territory of the Russian Federation can be grouped according to the following characteristics: type of industry, economic activity, organizational and legal form, form of ownership, sector of economy, and location.
The Foreign Commercial Banks In The Baltic States: Aspects Of The Financial Crisis Internationalization
Authors: Aarma August , Dubauskas Gediminas
Published: October 2013

The internationalization practice of financial institutions has been intensively studied since the 1960s. Due to increase in international capital flows, foreign direct investments and international trade at that time active development of international or cross-border banking began. At present the world is undergoing a very complex process with a high uncertainty in the global banking and financial markets. This article focuses on the banking sector development and some aspects of management of commercial banks in the Baltic States. The main subject of the article is comparative analysis of the inwards and outwards development in international banking. The main stress is placed on aggregated credit enlargements in the Baltic States during the first decade of the 21st century. During the last global economic crisis commercial banks have been looking for a possible optimization of activities and consequently changes in their networks could be an option for the assessment of their development. However the priority could be to identify the cross-border international credit expansion in the Baltic countries. On the other hand these activities rely on the countries' macroeconomic indicators, mainly to the accumulated money supply. There is a scientific self-determination described in this paper in line with an analysis of identifying the particular Baltic countries in the dynamics of accumulated deposits and credits of international banks. Subsequently it increased the money supply growth. Nowadays banks are required to make sensible strategic decisions in order to maintain sustainable banking businesses in the future. However influences of the financial institutions to the global economic recession affect international banks creating the negative feedback to their previous problems.
Corporate Governance Practices In Selected Indian Financial Institutions
Authors: Chaudhury Suman Kalyan , Das Sanjay Kanti , Mishra Devi Prasad
Published: October 2013

It has been realized that Corporate Governance is vital for better management of any organization. Financial reporting and disclosure of any information are the key factors of corporate governance. Financial Institutions are no exceptions and there has been increasing demand for transparency in functioning of these Institutions in view of several scams.In this paper a modest effort is made to discuss the reporting pattern of India’s twelve financial institutions namely SBI, IDBI, SIDBI, IFCI, NABARD, PNB, UBI, BOB, BOI, KMB, NHB and HDFC. Top Six commercial banks namely (SBI, BOB, PNB, KMB UBI & BOI), six developments banks viz. SIDBI, IFCI, HFDC, IDBI, NHB, and NABARD  are selected under study .The rationale for selection of these institutes is that being incorporated organizations, they should have same Corporate Governance standards. In view of transparency in functioning, the role of different Committees has a vital role to play. Six parameters have been chosen for comparison of various corporate governance practices in all these twelve financial institutions namely, Company’s philosophy on Corporate Governance, Formation of Board of Directors, Composition of Board of Directors, Particulars of Director’s, Organizational Committees, and Additional Information supplied in CG report or in the Annual report.
Factors Affecting Consumer Participation In Online Shopping In Malaysia: The Case Of University Students
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammed Shamsul , Ahmad Nadiah
Published: October 2013

Since lack of trust has remained one of the barriers to online shopping, this study is intended to explore the factors that affect the perceptions of trust for students’ intent to participate in online shopping. We used non-probability procedure to select respondents since we do not know how many students have access to the internet and are engaged in online shopping. Pearson correlation, multiple regression were used to test the hypotheses. The regression analysis in this study clearly supported trust and integrity, which had significance influence towards consumer participation. The study also found the trust variable had the highest correlation with the dependent variable followed by integrity.The study provided a useful insight on the significant role of trust in students’ online shopping. The study implies that trust is a key factor that indicates the effect of the Internet vendor trust on students’ online shopping behaviour. Recommendations for future research are suggested.
The Quality Of Service Delivery In Zimbabwean Urban Councils: A Case Study Of Bindura Municipality 2009 To 2011.
Authors: Webster Denhere , Felex Tafirei , Zivanai Onias , Lovemore Muchingami
Published: October 2013

The study sought to assess the quality of service delivery in Zimbabwean urban councils using Bindura Municipality as a case study. The objectives of the study were to establish the levels of service quality, determine the challenges that hindered quality service delivery, analyse the service quality management strategies and propose suitable strategies Bindura municipality can adopt to enhance service quality delivery.A descriptive survey design was used and questionnaires and structured interviews were used as data collection instruments. A sample of 300 householdswas drawn from the municipality rate payers’ data base. The population was stratified into low, medium and high density residents. Systematic random sampling was used to draw the participants in each stratum. Ten interviews were conducted with senior management using convenience sampling and documentary evidence was generated from menus, minutes and reports. The major findings were that the quality of service delivery was generally poor. This was mainly attributed to inadequate and disintegrated service delivery and management strategies. In addition human resource issues, poor governance structures and political interferences were causes of concern. It was concluded that the quality of service delivery by Bindura Municipality fell far short of residents’ expectations.The study recommended that for effective service delivery the municipality should among other strategies, adopt blue printing and total quality management.
System Analysis Of Intellectual Property Indicators Of Financial Statements
Authors: Pulatov Muhiddin
Published: October 2013

The given paper highlights the impact of future financial figures rather than past ones of the intellectual property and business transactions on current business performance. The author suggests  adding the block  of  financial reporting showing financial result of business achieved during past years should be complemented by  a special statement showing total financial result of business achieved during firms previous entire operational period.
From The Idea Of An Innovative Person By Mr. Joseph Alois Schumpeter To A Concept Of Innovative Development Of Socioeconomic Systems
Authors: Persky Yuri , Dubrovskaya Julia
Published: October 2013

The article attempts to extrapolate the innovative key ideas of Joseph Alois Schumpeter for more complex multi­level socioeconomic systems. A hypothesis of  a hierarchical approach to the research study of the innovation development is introduced, which  explains that an “inter­ level interaction” contains an extensive effective potential represented as synergy effects of different kinds which  are reflecting one of the major well­known properties of any system – emergence property. Based on  an econometric modelling of cross­country indicators, a hypothesis confirmation is provided on an example of the local government system as a factor of harmonizing the economic entities interests at different hierarchical levels.
Moscow As An International Financial Centre
Authors: Ogloblina Elizaveta
Published: October 2013

The creation, development, and function of the international financial centres (IFC)  is the subject of the international finance investigation. The article deals with the perspectives of the Russian IFC.  The paper embraces a wide range of challenges that are faced nowadays in the Russian Federation as a whole, and particularly Moscow. The article presents the comparative analyses of different rating and indices, which  reflect the current situation in the business and financial situation of the country.
Economic Prerequisites Of The Formation Of The Eurasian Union
Authors: Anastasia Lysokon
Published: October 2013

EurAsEC today is actively developing economic and political union. The purpose of this article is to review and confirmation of the objective of its formation from the point of view of economic, Anne only political preconditions. Using the method of retrospective analysis of similar economic alliances around the world, the author proves the timeliness and objectivity of EAEC as an economic and customs union, which has good prospects in view of its geopolitical situation and the level of development of its member states.
Monitoring Of The Basic Educational Programs Mastering Quality In The System Of The University Innovative Activity
Authors: KARA ANNA  , Skornichenko Nataliya
Published: October 2013

In the conditions of active development of innovative economics the role of higher education in the field of charity welfare and level of state development is considerably increasing. In this situation, the importance of monitoring the quality of higher education provided by universities, increases. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify the main components of the monitoring that could provide effective information of the status of the educational environment and the quality of education in the innovative activity of universities. As the main tool of research we adopted a structure-logical approach, which identified the main components of monitoring the quality of education in the universities and develop a logical sequence of implementation. The study identified the most promising areas to improve the assessment of quality in higher education, which will allow universities to form objective suggestions for improving educational process.
Problems Of the Formation Of Innovation Clusters In Uzbekistan
Authors: KURBANOVA DILFUZA 
Published: October 2013

In  this  paper,  we  mainly  address  issues  of  growth  ofcompetitiveness economy in the near future on the basis ofinnovative  development.  To  that  end  are  examineda questions of formation innovative clusters in economy ofUzbekistan.  Considering  problem  of  formation  clusterstructures  of  economy  of  republic  and  investment  of  theessential  innovative  directions,  are  defined  of  conceptualdirections of strategic investment of innovative directions asstructural kernel of NIS.
To The Question Of Carrying Out Of Reconstructively - Regenerative Operations At Patients With Colo- And Ileo-Stomy
Authors: Isakulov T , Mamatkulov Sh , Rahmanov S , Matkarimov S
Published: October 2013

The article analyses a surgical treatment of 506 patients taking inpatient treatment in the Center for colon proctology. All the patients underwent a comprehensive examination including radiological and tool test methods in addition to conventional clinical and laboratory ones. On the basis of the complex study, indications, volume and terms of surgery performance were determined. Performance of pre- and postoperative management of patients is substantiated in details. Postoperatively, 28 (5.5%) had postoperative wound pyesis in the region of the previous colostomy. In the postoperative period 2 (0.4%) deaths of patients were caused with peritonitis which occurred due to incompetence of anastomosis sutures. Rehabilitation of stomed patients is one of challenges in colorectal surgery. Positive results treatment can be obtained only at carrying out of a comprehensive out-patient and inpatient preoperative preparation including recommendations in diet, colostome care, hydrogymnastics of the disconnected part of the intestine and prevention of infectious complications.
Interintestinal Anastomoses With New Generation Of Circular - Stapling Instrument Supporting At Surgical Treatment Of Inflammatory-Ulcer Diseases Of The Colon.
Authors: Navruzov B , Abdujabbarov S , Rahmonov S
Published: October 2013

Surgical treatment of inflammatory diseases of intestine remains actual problem, despite the progress of conservative therapy. In our research it was etablished,  applying low and ultralow ileorectal anastomosis with circular - stapling apparatus allows to reach reliability of the generated anastomoses, it is essential reduce operation time, reduce number of postoperative complications and reduce duration of patients stay in hospital.
Changes In The T-Lymphocytes (Cd3+Cd19-) And Activated T-Lymphocytes (Cd3+Hla-Dr+) In Patients Over 60 With Mediterranean Spotted Fever
Authors: Gospodinova Margarita
Published: October 2013

Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) in Bulgariashows increasing severity, especially in patients over sixty years. As T lymphocytes are the primary effector cells in MSF and are altered by the ageing process we aimed to specify the changes in their numbers in elderly patients. We performed a clinicoepidemiological study, haematological and biochemical analysis of 132 patients of 60+ and 30 patients between 19 and 57 years with MSF. We investigated the cell immunity of 20 patients of 60+ using immunofluocytometry. The control group consisted of 10 younger patients and 10 healthy individuals of 60+. MSF showed more unfavourable course in the elderly.We found T-lymphocytes depletion in all patients with MSF. Activated T lymphocytes were increased in elderly patients with MSF. We found significant differences between the number of activated T lymphocytes in elderly patients and healthy elderly persons. The observed T-lymphocytes depletion in MSF corresponded to the disease severity. The increase in the activated T lymphocytes in patients over 60 years contributes to an adequate immune response.
Influence Of Different Methods Of Operative Treatment On Ovarian Reserve.
Authors: Simrok V , Starcheva Simrok
Published: October 2013

This research paper presents the results of ovarian reserve estimation for 125 women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) who have undergone various methods of surgical treatment - resection of the ovaries, thermokauterisation and drilling by laser (Ho-Yag). Ovarian reserve was estimated according to the amount of antral follicles, level of follitropin and Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also named anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Blood flow in ovarian tissue was also examined after various methods of surgical treatment. The study has shown that the gentlest method of surgical treatment is drilling by Ho-Yag laser, which is least likely to injure the tissue of ovaries, and also this method is most effective in enhancing and preserving ovarian reserve.
Interprofessional and Team-Based Continuing Education For Health Professionals
Authors: Gjorgjeska Biljana
Published: October 2013

The benefits of implementing interprofessional and team­based programs are well recognized. However, for interprofes­ sional education to  be effective and broadly implemented, the health professions, policymakers, insurers, academic institutions, health care providers, and regulatory bodies should embrace and adopt a new, interprofessional education framework. These stakeholders should create a shared value and vision for interprofessional health professions’ educa­ tion, research, and practice. This vision should be patient­oriented and contain a measurable component across the entire educational continuum, from admission into a health professional program through retirement. Such a framework would maximize and value the strengths of individual professions in the integrated delivery of high quality care. Finally, in creating a successful model, a series of questions should be considered: how  best can team competence be measured, how should individual behavioral changes be documented when we think of individual rather than team­level changes, how do we create and measure performance criteria based on shared understanding and experience in the practice setting? Within academic settings, there are more specific barriers including a lack of administrative support, financial and human resources for interprofessional education, conflicts in schedules and health professions’ curricula, and limitations to the time required to plan and implement faculty development for interprofessional learning. Finally, despite progress, there remain regulatory and professional barriers to achieving full and meaningful implementation of effective models. Recom­ mendations which  are given emphasize that investing in research to evaluate the efficacy of continuing education and its impact on patient outcomes and the healthcare delivery system is inherent in this process.
Transcutaneous Serdev Suture For Buttock’s Lift
Authors: Serdev Nikolay
Published: October 2013

This article presents the author's technique and experience in the treatment of the flaccid "unhappy buttock" form with his surgical procedure of buttock lift by suture, without incision scars. The author first presented this new operation technique on a national level at the 2nd Annual Meeting of the National Bulgarian Society for Aesthetic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine in Sofia on March 18, 1994 [1] and internationally at many scientific meetings over the world [2, 3, 4…]. The result is a visual change in the buttock position to a higher one, which elongates the lower limbs and changes the proportions between lower and upper half of the body. The aim of this study is to describe a mini-invasive procedure of beautification of the buttock form without scars by creating a lifting effect on the buttock's subcutaneous tissue, using a suture that takes the inferiorly positioned deep fibrose tissue and fixes it upwards to the sacro-cutaneous fascia, discovered by the author. Aesthetic and technical considerations required properly sculpting the buttocks into a higher position, demonstrating nicely rounded form. Preoperative shape is discussed and patient evaluations, operative techniques, postoperative management and results after 4 years of experience are emphasized. 1032 female patients, and 26 male patients aged 18-62 years, with ptosis and cellulite on the buttocks were treated since 1993 on an outpatient basis by the "Serdev suture technique without visible scars". Important instrumentarium is a long, curved, elastic needle and Polycon semi-elastic Bulgarian antimicrobial polycaproamide long term (in 2 years) absorbable surgical threads Polycon, produced in Bulgaria. This operation has been performed either alone or after ultrasonic assisted liposculpture (UAL) that reduces the amount of fat and heaviness. All patients reported a high degree of satisfaction. A stable improvement in the buttock position and form was observed for the period described. In the postoperative period the complication rate was minimal and resolved in the first 4-5 days post operative period. The skin puncture in the perianal zone makes antibiotic prophylaxis obligatory as well as a strict follow up for the first 7 days. Some pain in the sitting position was observed for at least 5 to 10 days, but all other social and professional duties and activities were possible. This outpatient procedure is effective in the correction of buttock laxity and ptosis and creates a new form, universally accepted as "happy buttocks".
Impact Of Undesirable Effects Of The Parenteral Nutrition On The Nutritional Support And The Disease Progression
Authors: Vjollca Shpata , Loreta Kuneshka , Floreta Kurti , Ilir Ohri
Published: October 2013

We report the case of a 52-year old man with severe acute pancreatitis. In this case report we discuss the undesirable effects of parenteral nutrition and the importance of nutritional support at patients with severe necrotizing pancreatitis. Severe acute pancreatitis is usually accompanied by systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which results in hypermetabolism with prominent protein catabolism. Providing nutrition to these patients is of paramount importance. An adequate nutritional support is crucial in patients with severe and complicated pancreatitis. A negative energy balance has a negative impact on the nutritional status and the disease progression.
Locus Of Control - Predictor Of Health And Subjective Well – Being
Authors: Popova Svetlana
Published: October 2013

The article presents results of a study of the relationship 'locus of control - health and subjective well-being. In a heterogeneous sample (N = 239) in the stage of youth (19-30 years) shall be established: locus of control determines 11.56% of the changes in the assessment of health, changes in health contribute to 12.82% of the variation in assessment of happiness and 6.10% in the measurement of life satisfaction. Young people with an internal locus of control are healthier, happier and more satisfied with their lives than those with an external locus of control. In a study of cause - effect relationship is established that internal locus of control determines a healthier lifestyle. Inadequate health care, more severe risk factors (stress, unhealthy diet, inadequate sleep, smoking) among young people with an external locus of control, outline prospects for greater vulnerability of this group of the population of the so called "Diseases of modern society." Most preferred activities of young people beneficial to their health are: walking, relaxation, hobbies and sports, and this is the way to state "flow" (activity of happiness) and highlights the positive experiences in health.
Aged Population Disability Processes Analysis In The Republic Of Kazakhstan
Authors: Abikulova Akmaral , Tulebaev Kazbek , Akanov Aikan , Turdalieva Botagoz , Kalmahanov Sundetgali , Bakhit Mussaeva , Madina Aldamzharova
Published: October 2013

Background:We have analyzed the aged population disability processes to establish specifics and regularities of the causal structure of disability among the working and non-working aged population.Methods:In total, 1208 examination reports of the Medical & SocialExpert Commission have been subjected to excerption in Almaty.  Results:Persons having the second disability status prevail in the working aged contingent – 4,4%, which is much higher than the ratios for the first and second disability statuses (0,4%and 0,6%, respectively). Among the non-working population, persons having the second disability status largely prevail too - 8,1% (3,1%and 1,1%, respectively). The casual structure of disability among the non-working disabled persons includes as follows: blood circulatory system diseases (40%), malignant neoplasms (27,2%), and diseases of the eye and its appendages (10,2%). They are followed by endocrine diseases, nutritional and metabolic disturbances (7,6%), bodily injuries (3%),and urogenital system diseases with musculoskeletal system ones - 2,3% each.The data collection for the working aged populationcontingent has found out blood circulatory system diseases (47%) and malignant neoplasms (34,4%). Alongside with that, the distinctive feature among the said aged populationcohort is a substantial predominance of bodily injuries (7,4%), endocrine diseases, nutritional and metabolic disturbances (2,3%), and only 1,4% is accounted for diseases of the eye and its appendages.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY AND TOLERABILITY OF MONO THERAPY WITH ORAL ETOPOSIDE IN ELDERLY PATIENTS (70+ YEARS OF AGE) WITH ADVANCED NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AND POOR PERFORMANCE STATUS
Authors: Andrić Zoran , Kovčin Vladimir , Crevar Slobodanka , Murtezani Zafir , Kostić Sanja
Published: October 2013

Motivation Until recently it was considered that 65 years is cutoff for defining patients as elderly, but newer reports indicate that this age limit shift to 70 years of age. Elderly patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer, associated comorbidities and poor performance status represent a specific population and a challenge for use of chemotherapy. Primary aim was to evaluate the impact of mono therapy with oral etoposide on overall survival in elderly patients (≥ 70 years of age) with advanced non small cell lung cancer and poor performance status (PS) ≥ 2 (clinical stage IIIb and IV ), and as well to evaluate tolerability of this therapy. Secondary aim was to evaluate response rate.Methods Retrospectively, medical records of 79 female and male patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer and poor performance status treated with oral etoposide (2x25 mg 20 days/10 days pause) in period from 2007 till 2010 were checked for relevant data. Data regarding demographics, performance status, overall survival, response rates and drug toxicity were collected. For statistical analysis we used Pearson chi-square test, T-test, Kaplan-Meier product limited method and Cox regression.Results Median overall survival (OS) was 31 weeks, in patients with PS 2 overall survival was 34 weeks, and in group with PS 3 was only 24 weeks. Partial response was registered in 20.2% of patients, stable disease in 41.85 % and disease progression in 38% of patients. Treatment was well tolerated, febrile neutropenia and toxic deaths were not registered. Toxic effects didn't have statistically significant influence on OS.Conclusion Oral etoposide used as mono therapy has been shown as moderate effective and very safe in treating elderly patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer and poor performance status so it represents a good therapy option for treating this specific population.
The pedagogical university of the future
Authors: Novikov M , Mishenkina Elena
Published: October 2013

In the article is regarded the question concerning the reasonability of school teachers' training in profilepedagogical Universities on the bases of the fundamental research studies, done by the staff of the University.
Ethno-Psychological Aspects Of Modern Education
Authors: Kukubaeva Asiya
Published: October 2013

This article presents the role and influence of social factors on the development of education in Kazakhstan.Transformation of consciousness of the people led to the of the Kazakh people. The educational system defines alevel of formation of youth outlooks. The last is thatpsychological environment within the limits of there is anacquisition of knowledge. On the basis of interests, valuableorientations processes of training, education anddevelopment of a personality are carried out. Thus, theoutlook allows to integrate knowledge, defines a vitalposition and spiritual shape of people. In other words,formation, and outlook are interconnected amongthemselves that speaks about an urgency of formation of outlook in teaching and educational process. One of the basic directions of formation is education of Kazakhpatriotism, formation of national consciousness. InKazakhstan purposeful work on formation of positive tolerant relation is necessary.
An Investigation Of The Effect Of Puzzles On Preschoolers’ Developmental Areas
Authors: Aral Neriman , Gürsoy Figen , Can-Yaşar Münevver
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of puzzles on preschoolers’ developmental areas. Two classes were chosen randomly among all the classes at an elementary school: one class (with 14 children) as the control group and one as the experimental group (again with 14 children). The data was collected by means of a ‘Demographic Information Form’ and a ‘Preschool Developmental Evaluation Form’ that measures children´s developmental characteristics. Since the children’s scores in ‘Preschool Developmental Evaluation Form’ did not show normal distribution, Mann-Whitney U Test was used to analyze the data. We could not find any significant difference between the pretest and posttest mean scores in both groups. However, the experimental group’s post-test mean scores were found to be higher than mean posttest scores of children in the control group. These results suggest that puzzles as instructional materials can be effective in supporting children’s developmental areas.
Influence Of Religious Factor In The Development Of Cultural And Educational Identity Of Albanians Through Centuries.
Authors: Hysi Shyqyri
Published: October 2013

The course of historical events, has demonstrated that the religious faith has been a permanent factor in molding the characteristics of cultural and educational identity of Albanian people. In Albania, there are four religious communities which are officially recognized (Muslim and Christian faith) and some sects deriving from them. Those religious communities have continuously influenced the identities of Albanian through centuries, they have cultivated culture, art, literature, tradition and their influence are an integral part of our national history and culture being enriched and directed by their influence. Besides being influential in the historical events, the religious communities in Albania, they witness an air of harmony and coexistence.
DROGENKONSUM IM LEBEN VON STUDENTEN AUF GRUND DER GEFORSCHTEN POPULATION
Authors: Knapik Wioletta
Published: October 2013

The paper „Narcotics in the Life of Students on the Basis of Investigated Population” describes the problems, which are connected with dependencies as one of greatest social problems. From ancient history to now dependencies have been accompanied by people’s life. The man thanks to stimulants has been found an oblivion, the relief, the euphoria, met with other world, meditated, treated the pain and felt the consolation. It can become dependent on all things. But some from these dependencies, except the health and psychical consequences, they cause the social results too. It is happen in case of the drug addiction and other intoxicants. The life of the contemporary society, which is dominated by individualistic attitudes and subordinate to individual people's aims, there is favourable to choosing of goals, which are not compatible with the social interests. The fast pace of life, placing himself vaulting aims, there are favourable to reach for intoxicants. It was represented the druggy problem in the life of young people on the basis of inquiry research, which has been carried out among students of high schools in Cracow. The goal of this research was the presentation of attitudes of the youths today to possession and takings drugs. A main conclusion of research is that narcotics determine youths’ life and they are generally accessible and accepted. The drugs don’t cause the ethical problems too.
The Method Of The Students’ Competence Rating: Knowledge, Abilities, Skills And Personal Characteristics
Authors: Veshnevai Irina , Melnikovii Leonid
Published: October 2013

This paper describes the new fuzzy  membership complex function    sets    which     are   called    status   functions. It demonstrates how  these function sets might  be used in the mathematical description of the multidimensional rating of competences during education process of individuals and its ability to increase professional level, viewed both  from external social role, and from  internal readiness for  the change.  The method for  estimation  of  effectiveness  of education process is also proposed.To  estimate the effectiveness of  education process we propose to  use transfer function or  frequency response function  which   can  be  calculated  as discrete  Fourier transform at the interval of rating variable.
Problems Of The Formation Of Innovation Clusters In Uzbekistan
Authors: Kurbanova Dilfuza 
Published: October 2013

In this paper, we mainly address issues of growth of competitiveness economy in the near future on the basis of innovative development. To that end are examined a questions of formation innovative clusters in economy of Uzbekistan. Considering problem of formation cluster structures of economy of republic and investment of the essential innovative directions, are defined of conceptual directions of strategic investment of innovative directions as structural kernel of NIS.
Autoantibody prevalence with an improved immunoassay for detecting cardiac troponin-specific autoantibodies
Authors: Savukoski Tanja , Ilva Tuomo , Lund Juha , Porela Pekka , Ristiniemi Noora , Wittfooth Saara , Pettersson Kim
Published: October 2013

Cardiac troponin-specific autoantibodies (cTnAAb) can interfere with the measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) by immunoassays used for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Here, an improved version of a previous autoantibody assay was validated and used to evaluate the cTnAAb prevalence in a cohort of consecutive chest pain patients presenting to an emergency department.

Admission samples from 510 patients with suspected MI were analyzed in parallel with two sandwich-type cTnAAb assays based on different cTnI epitopes used to capture cardiac troponin-bound cTnAAbs.

Sample-specific backgrounds were lower for the new assay than for the old assay (median 1225 vs. 2693 counts, p<0.001). Net signals of cTnAAb-positive samples were higher for the new assay than for the old assay (median 5076 vs. 3921 counts, p<0.001). Of all patients, 9.2% were cTnAAb-positive for the new assay and 7.3% for the old assay (p=0.013). Previous cardiac problems were not associated with cTnAAb status and cTnAAb status did not correlate with the 12-month outcome.

With our new and more sensitive autoantibody assay, approximately one out of ten patients who presented to the initial cardiac triage had detectable amounts of cTnAAbs in the circulation. Because these cTnAAbs can interfere with state-of-the-art cTnI assays, their high prevalence should be acknowledged by clinical chemists, physicians, and kit manufacturers.
Analysis of antibody response (IgM, IgG, IgG3) to Chikungunya virus using panel of peptides derived from envelope protein for serodiagnosis
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Bhatnagar Santwana , Kumar Pradeep , Chattree Vinita , Parida M.M. , Hoti S.L. , Ali Shakir , Rao D.N.
Published: October 2013

Many epidemic outbreaks of Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) have been reported throughout the world including India after its reemergence in 2005. The immuno protective role of envelope proteins during Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has been reported. With the aim of identifying the immunodominant epitopes within the envelope protein we investigated the detailed analysis of fine specificity of antibody response in different individuals during CHIKV infection.

The peptides corresponding to the full length of E1, E2 and E3 proteins of S27 strain of CHIKV were synthesized and their seroreactivity with CHIKV positive patients’ sera collected from different epidemic regions of India was determined using indirect ELISA.

The data analysis reveals many potent epitopes throughout the length of envelope E2 protein thus displaying it as the most promising antigen for diagnostic purpose. We found that the main IgG isotype response to envelope protein was predominantly of subclass IgG3. Interestingly, most of the epitopes were found to be conserved for detecting IgM, IgG and IgG3 antibody response.

Peptides E2P3, E2P7, E2P16 and E2P17 were revealed as the most immunodominant peptides that together can form the basis for designing an accurate, economical and easy to synthesize a peptide-based immunodiagnostic for CHIKV. This study provides new and important insight into the humoral response generated by CHIKV S27 strain during the early phase of infection.
Groups whose Chermak–Delgado lattice is a chain
Authors: Brewster Ben , Hauck Peter , Wilcox Elizabeth
Published: October 2013

For a finite group G with subgroup H, the Chermak–Delgado measure of H in G

refers to

|
H
|

|

C
G

(
H
)

|

${\vert H \vert \,\vert C_G(H) \vert }$

. The set of all subgroups with maximal Chermak–Delgado measure form a sublattice,

𝒞𝒟
(
G
)

$\mathcal {CD}(G)$

, within the subgroup lattice of G. This paper examines conditions under which the Chermak–Delgado lattice is a chain of subgroups

H
0

<

H
1

<
⋯
<

H
n

${H_0 < H_1 < \cdots < H_n}$

. On the basis of a general result about extending certain Chermak–Delgado lattices, we construct, for any prime p and any non-negative integer n, a p-group whose Chermak–Delgado lattice is a chain of length n.
Enhancement of Medical Image Details via Wavelet Homomorphic Filtering Transform
Authors: Tan Yunlan , Li Guangyao , Duan Huixian , Li Chao
Published: October 2013

A new medical image enhancement algorithm based on spatial frequency domain is presented in this article. The medical image is first divided into several sub-images based on dyadic wavelet scale analysis. At each level, different directional sub-band images can reflect the different characteristics of the image. A low-frequency sub-band image maintains the original image content information, and high-frequency sub-band images represent image details such as edges and regional boundaries. The corresponding sub-band images are then enhanced by different Butterworth homomorphic filtering functions, which can attenuate the low frequencies and amplify the high frequencies. A linear adjustment is carried out on the low frequency of the highest level. Then, the wavelet reconstruction course is used to obtain the final enhanced image. Experiments on magnetic resonance images of temporomandibular joint soft tissues have shown that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the non-uniform luminance distribution of medical images. Its performance is much better than traditional Butterworth homomorphic filtering algorithm whether in subjective vision quality or objective evaluations such as detailed information entropy and average gradient.