bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HCl and ClO in activated Arctic air; first retrieved vertical profiles from TELIS submillimetre limb spectra
Authors: de Lange A. , Birk M. , de Lange G. , Friedl-Vallon F. , Kiselev O. , Koshelets V. , Maucher G. , Oelhaf H. , Selig A. , Vogt P. , Wagner G. , Landgraf J.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The first profile retrieval results of the Terahertz and submillimeter Limb Sounder (TELIS) balloon instrument are presented. The spectra are recorded during a 13-h balloon flight on 24 January 2010 from Kiruna, Sweden. The TELIS instrument was mounted on the MIPAS-B2 gondola and shared this platform with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) and the mini-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (mini-DOAS) instruments. The flight took place within the Arctic vortex at an altitude of ≈34 km in chlorine activated air and both active (ClO) and inactive chlorine (HCl) have been measured over an altitude range of respectively ≈16–32 km and ≈10–32 km. In this altitude range, the increase of ClO concentration levels during sunrise have been recorded with a temporal resolution of one minute. During the daytime equilibrium a maximum ClO level of 2.1 ± 0.3 ppb has been observed at an altitude of 23.5 km. This equilibrium profile is validated against the ClO profile by the satellite instrument Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard EOS Aura. HCl profiles have been determined from two different isotopes – H35Cl and H37Cl – and are also validated against MLS. The precision of all profiles is well below 0.01 ppb and the overall accuracy is therefore governed by systematic effects. The total uncertainty of these effects is estimated to be maximal 0.3 ppb for ClO around its peak value at 23.5 km during the daytime equilibrium and for HCl it ranges from 0.05 to 0.4 ppb depending on altitude. In both cases the main uncertainty stems from a largely unknown non-linear response in the detector.
Diffuse hydrological mass transport through catchments: scenario analysis of coupled physical and biogeochemical uncertainty effects
Authors: Persson K. , Jarsjö J. , Destouni G.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. This paper quantifies and maps the effects of coupled physical and biogeochemical variability on diffuse hydrological mass transport through and from catchments. It further develops a scenario analysis approach and investigates its applicability for handling uncertainties about both physical and biogeochemical variability and their different possible cross-correlation. The approach enables identification of conservative assumptions, uncertainty ranges, as well as pollutant/nutrient release locations and situations for which further investigations are most needed in order to reduce the most important uncertainty effects. The present scenario results provide different statistical and geographic distributions of advective travel times for diffuse hydrological mass transport. The geographic mapping can be used to identify potential hotspot areas with large mass loading to downstream surface and coastal waters, as well as their opposite, potential lowest-impact areas within the catchment. Results for alternative travel time distributions show that neglect or underestimation of the physical advection variability, and in particular of those transport pathways with much shorter than average advective solute travel times, can lead to substantial underestimation of pollutant and nutrient loads to downstream surface and coastal waters. This is particularly true for relatively high catchment-characteristic product of average attenuation rate and average advective travel time, for which mass delivery would be near zero under assumed transport homogeneity but can be orders of magnitude higher for variable transport conditions. A scenario of high advection variability, with a significant fraction of relatively short travel times, combined with a relevant average biogeochemical mass attenuation rate, emerges consistently from the present results as a generally reasonable, conservative assumption for estimating maximum diffuse mass loading, when the prevailing physical and biogeochemical variability and cross-correlation are uncertain.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Diols to Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Pearson David M. , Conley Nicholas R. , Waymouth Robert M.
Published: October 2011

The catalytic alkoxycarbonylation of 1,2‐diols by (neocuproine)palladium(II) acetate (neocuproine=2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline) or palladium(II) acetate/(−)‐sparteine using N‐chlorosuccinimide as the oxidant affords cyclic carbonates. The oxidative carbonylation of diols proceeds under mild conditions, requiring only 1 atm of carbon monoxide, and produces cyclic carbonates in moderate to good yields. Both 1,2‐ and 1,3‐diols can be carbonylated using (neocuproine)Pd(OAc)2 and sodium dichloroisocyanuric acid, which serves as a competent oxidant and base for this system, to yield 5‐ and 6‐membered cyclic carbonates.
Combining flagelliform and dragline spider silk motifs to produce tunable synthetic biopolymer fibers
Authors: Teulé Florence , Addison Bennett , Cooper Alyssa R. , Ayon Joel , Henning Robert W. , Benmore Chris J. , Holland Gregory P. , Yarger Jeffery L. , Lewis Randolph V.
Published: October 2011

The two Flag/MaSp 2 silk proteins produced recombinantly were based on the basic consensus repeat of the dragline silk spidroin 2 protein (MaSp 2) from the Nephila clavipes orb weaving spider. However, the proline‐containing pentapeptides juxtaposed to the polyalanine segments resembled those found in the flagelliform silk protein (Flag) composing the web spiral: (GPGGX1GPGGX2)2with X1/X2= A/A or Y/S. Fibers were formed from protein films in aqueous solutions or extruded from resolubilized protein dopes in organic conditions when the Flag motif was (GPGGX1GPGGX2)2with X1/X2= Y/S or A/A, respectively. Post‐fiber processing involved similar drawing ratios (2–2.5×) before or after water‐treatment. Structural (ssNMR and XRD) and morphological (SEM) changes in the fibers were compared to the mechanical properties of the fibers at each step. Nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the fraction of β‐sheet nanocrystals in the polyalanine regions formed upon extrusion, increased during stretching, and was maximized after water‐treatment. X‐ray diffraction showed that nanocrystallite orientation parallel to the fiber axis increased the ultimate strength and initial stiffness of the fibers. Water furthered nanocrystal orientation and three‐dimensional growth while plasticizing the amorphous regions, thus producing tougher fibers due to increased extensibility. These fibers were highly hygroscopic and had similar internal network organization, thus similar range of mechanical properties that depended on their diameters. The overall structure of the consensus repeat of the silk‐like protein dictated the mechanical properties of the fibers while protein molecular weight limited these same properties. Subtle structural motif re‐design impacted protein self‐assembly mechanisms and requirements for fiber formation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 418–431, 2012.
Studies on the Biodegradation of Fosfomycin: Synthesis of 13C‐Labeled Intermediates, Feeding Experiments with Rhizobium huakuii PMY1, and Isolation of Labeled Amino Acids from Cell Mass by HPLC
Authors: McGrath John W. , Hammerschmidt Friedrich , Kählig Hanspeter , Wuggenig Frank , Lamprecht Günther , Quinn John P.
Published: October 2011

Racemic (1R*,2R*)‐1,2‐dihydroxy‐[1‐13C1]propylphosphonic acid and 1‐hydroxy‐[1‐13C1]acetone were synthesized and fed to R. huakuii PMY1. Alanine and a mixture of valine and methionine were isolated as their N‐acetyl derivatives from the cell hydrolysate by reversed‐phase HPLC and analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the carbon atoms of the respective carboxyl groups were highly 13C‐labeled (up to 65 %). Hydroxyacetone is therefore considered an obligatory intermediate of the biodegradation of fosfomycin by R. huakuii PMY1.
Organocatalytic Strategies for the Construction of Optically Active Imidazoles, Oxazoles, and Thiazoles
Authors: Albrecht Łukasz , Ransborg Lars Krogager , Albrecht Anna , Lykke Lennart , Jørgensen Karl Anker
Published: October 2011

This study demonstrates the first enantioselective synthesis of hydroxyalkyl‐ and aminoalkyl‐substituted imidazoles, oxazoles, and thiazoles. The approach developed utilizes a highly effective one‐pot reaction cascade that consists of either an organocatalytic epoxidation or aziridination of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes coupled with a [3+2]‐annulation, in which amidines, ureas, or thioureas act as effective 1,3‐dinucleophilic species. The methodology described benefits from low catalyst loadings, commercially and readily available starting materials, and mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Investigation of a Fully Ordered closo‐Ge2‐9 Cluster in the Compound [K+(2,2,2‐crypt)]2Ge2‐9.
Authors: Akerstedt Josefin , Ponou Simeon , Kloo Lars , Lidin Sven
Published: October 2011

Single crystals of the title compound are isolated from a solution of K4Ge9 and 2,2,2‐crypt in en at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of Bi2O3/Bi2WO6 Heterojunction Photocatalysts.
Authors: Gui Ming‐Sheng , Zhang Wei‐De , Su Qing‐Xi , Chen Cai‐Hong
Published: October 2011

Bi2WO6 is obtained solvothermally from Bi(NO3)3, Na2WO4, ethylene glycol, EtOH, formaldehyde, and urea (autoclave, 160 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Structure and Properties of Transition Metal Templated {VM17(VO4)2} Dawson‐Like Capsules.
Authors: Miras Haralampos N. , Stone Daniel , Long De‐Liang , McInnes Eric J. L. , Koegerler Paul , Cronin Leroy
Published: October 2011

Compounds (III) and (V) are characterized by cyclic voltammetry, EPR, UV/VIS, and IR spectroscopy, cryospray ionization mass spectrometry, XRD, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electronic Properties of LnRhAsO and LnIrAsO Compositions.
Authors: Muir Sean , Sleight A. W. , Subramanian M. A.
Published: October 2011

LnRhAsO (Ln: Ce, Nd) and LnIrAsO (Ln: La, Ce, Nd) are prepared from mixtures of La2O3, CeO2, or Nd2O3 and elemental Ln, Rh or Ir, and As (1373 K, 12—18 h; annealing at 1173 K for 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Utility of S‐Mesitylsulfinimines for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Amines and Aziridines.
Authors: Roe Caroline , Sola Toni Moragas , Sasraku‐Neequaye Leonid , Hobbs Heather , Churcher Ian , MacPherson David , Stockman Robert A.
Published: October 2011

The S‐mesitylsulfinimines are a useful alternative.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Combination of Ruthenium‐, Base‐, and Gold‐Catalysis — A New Approach to the Synthesis of Medicinally Important Heterocycles.
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Narayana Vidadala V.
Published: October 2011

The novel method for the synthesis of 2‐[(Z)‐butadienyl]phenylamines, quinolines, phenanthridines, and azepines involves ring‐closing metathesis, base‐induced ring opening, intra‐ and intermolecular hydroamination and [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc—Zinc Bonded Decamethyldizincocene Zn2(η5—C5Me5)2 as Catalyst for the Inter‐ and Intramolecular Hydroamination Reaction.
Authors: Luehl Anja , Nayek Hari Pada , Blechert Siegfried , Roesky Peter W.
Published: October 2011

Various examples of intermolecular as well as intramolecular hydroaminations promoted by the title catalyst are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: X=Y—ZH Compounds as Potential 1,3‐Dipoles. Part 65. Atom Economic Cascade Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrimidinylpyrrolidines.
Authors: Elboray Elghareeb E. , Grigg Ronald , Fishwick Colin W. G. , Kilner Colin , Sarker Mohammed A. B. , Aly Moustafa F. , Abbas‐Temirek Hussien H.
Published: October 2011

Cycloaddition of pyrimidine aldehyde (I) with primary amines and a dipolarophile proceeds smoothly in hot toluene providing the appropriate cycloadducts in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Etherification of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Huang Jinkun , Chen Ying , Chan Johann , Ronk Mike L. , Larsen Robert D. , Faul Margaret M.
Published: October 2011

The method allows the straightforward preparation of various aryl ethers without the need of any additional ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of α‐Keto Acid Chlorides with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Kashiwabara Taigo , Tanaka Masato
Published: October 2011

The title reaction affords γ‐chloro‐α‐oxo‐β,γ‐unsaturated ketones with excellent regio‐ and (Z)‐stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(0), Rhodium(I) and Palladium(II) Complexes with p‐(N,N‐Dimethylaminophenyl)diphenylphosphine and the Application of the Palladium Complex as a Catalyst for the Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Sarmah Chandan , Borah Malabika , Das Pankaj
Published: October 2011

The new PAC is used as a highly active catalyst for the cross‐coupling reaction of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cooperative Catalysis Approach to the Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of Aryl Vinyl Ketones.
Authors: Oh Kyungsoo , Li Jian‐Yuan
Published: October 2011

The novel protocol for the successful reaction includes a combined catalyst of L‐proline and brucine N‐oxide.
ChemInform Abstract: A Suzuki‐Type Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Arylacetylene Halides with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Shi Yu , Li Xiaoyu , Liu Jianhui , Jiang Wenfeng , Sun Licheng
Published: October 2011

The reaction is applicable to various arylalkynyl iodides and arylboronic acids including sterically demanding substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Production of Chiral α,β‐Epoxy Ketones from Benzaldehydes and Acetophenones by Recyclable Poly(amino acid) Catalysis.
Authors: Luo Wanrong , Yu Zhichao , Qiu Wenwei , Yang Fan , Liu Xiaofeng , Tang Jie
Published: October 2011

For the title reaction two effective reaction systems with complementary high enantioselectivities and yields are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Epoxides under Photoirradiation: Synthesis of C60‐Fused Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives.
Authors: Miao Chun‐Bao , Tian Zong‐Yong , Ruan Xiao‐Jiao , Sun Xiao‐Qiang , Yang Hai‐Tao
Published: October 2011

The cis‐isomer (III) is the unexpected major product while in the thermal reaction only the cis‐product can be obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Alkoxylation/Lactonization of γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐acetylenic Esters.
Authors: Ramon Ruben S. , Pottier Christophe , Gomez‐Suarez Adrian , Nolan Steven P.
Published: October 2011

With respect to the lactonization step, the catalyst is more efficient than digold or gold‐nitrile complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthetic Route to α‐Substituted Butenolides: Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐Ancepsenolide.
Authors: Ghobril Cynthia , Kister Jeremy , Baati Rachid
Published: October 2011

A variety of carboxylic acids and tetronic acid are transformed by a new four‐step procedure to the title butenolides.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐2‐one Derivatives Through an Unexpected Organocatalytic Tandem Michael—Michael Reaction.
Authors: Yang Juanjuan , Huang Huicai , Jin Zhichao , Wu Wenbin , Ye Jinxing
Published: October 2011

The process is highly diastereoselective and produces polycyclic heterocycles in the presence of a bifunctional thiourea catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Monoarylation of Bithiophenyl Derivatives or Bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)methanone with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Larbi Karima Si , Djebbar Safia , Doucet Henri
Published: October 2011

Direct arylation of bis(thiophenyl) (I) and its derivatives with aryl bromides is catalyzed by an air‐stable Pd‐catalyst in low amounts (1 mol% Pd).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Aminoalkylation Catalyzed by Chiral Ammonium 1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐2,2′‐disulfonates.
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Sugiura Yoshihiro , Akakura Matsujiro , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: October 2011

The system BNS/Me2N‐Bu is found to optimal for the preparation of the required chiral building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Catalyst‐Free Tandem Reaction for the Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxy‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones in Water Medium.
Authors: Wu Ming‐Yu , Li Kun , Wang Na , He Ting , Yu Xiao‐Qi
Published: October 2011

The simple and environmentally friendly protocol allows the synthesis of fully functionalized title compounds as subunits of biologically active natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Cyclization Cascades of 3‐Halopropenals and Arylnitroso Compounds to 2,3‐Disubstituted Isoxazol‐5(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Yao Weijun , Bian Ming , Wang Gang , Ma Cheng
Published: October 2011

The process renders possible a metal‐free approach to a broad spectrum of isoxazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Nitrilimine Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles from Oximes with Hydrazonoyl Hydrochlorides.
Authors: Wang Li‐Ya , Tseng Wen‐Che , Lin Hui‐Yi , Wong Fung Fuh
Published: October 2011

The process can be applied to various types of oximes to form the biologically important triazole scaffold with generally good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: The Choice of Lewis Acids for the Prins Reaction: Two Total Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐Civet.
Authors: Dobbs Andrian P. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2011

Prins cyclization of homoallylic alcohols and two new modifications as triflate‐trapping and Mukaiyama‐aldol‐silyl Prins reactions are developed using the proper choice of the Lewis acids.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,6‐Disubstituted Tetrahydropyrans by Domino Meyer—Schuster Rearrangement—Hetero‐Michael Addition of 6‐Alkyne‐1,5‐diols.
Authors: Wohland Max , Maier Martin E.
Published: October 2011

Various diol substrates are prepared starting from pentanediol.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene.
Authors: Zhang Hua , Qian Chao , Chen Xin‐Zhi
Published: October 2011

A more effective and more suitable method for the large‐scale production of the title compound (VIII), the monomer for the synthesis of the promising polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine Derivatives Highly Active Against Haemonchus contortus.
Authors: Ali Abdelselam , Cablewski Teresa , Francis Craig L. , Ganguly Ashit K. , Sargent Roger M. , Sawutz David G. , Winzenberg Kevin N.
Published: October 2011

A variety of the title imidazopyridazine derivatives are synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anthelmintic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted 4‐Thioxo‐3,4‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones and 4‐Thioxo‐3,4‐dihydropyrido[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Komatsu Toshihide , Yokoi Yuki , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: October 2011

An efficient and simple method for the synthesis of the compounds (V) and (IX) starting from the readily available starting materials (I) and (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano Copper Oxide Catalyzed Synthesis of Symmetrical Diaryl Selenides via Cascade Reaction of KSeCN with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Reddy K. Harsha Vardhan , Reddy V. Prakash , Madhav B. , Shankar J. , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: October 2011

The protocol renders possible the synthesis of a broad spectrum of diorganyl selenides as potential drug candidates under ligand‐free conditions where the aryl iodides are the most efficient substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Zn in Ionic Liquid: An Efficient Reaction Media for the Synthesis of Diorganyl Chalcogenides and Chalcogenoesters.
Authors: Narayanaperumal Senthil , Alberto Eduardo E. , Gul Kashif , Kawasoko Cristiane Yuriko , Dornelles Luciano , Rodrigues Oscar E. D. , Braga Antonio Luiz
Published: October 2011

The synthesis of diorganyl sulfides or selenides and thio‐ or selenoesters is based on the cleavage of diorganyl disulfides and diselenides by zinc dust under neutral conditions in short reaction times (2‐40 min) at room temperature in the presence of aryl/alkyl halogenides or acyl chlorides, correspondingly.
ChemInform Abstract: gem‐Dimethyl‐Bearing C‐Glucosides (I) as Sodium‐Glucose Co‐Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors
Authors: Shi Yongheng , Zhao Guilong , Lou Yuanyuan , Wang Yuli , Shao Hua , Liu Wei , Xu Weiren , Tang Lida
Published: October 2011

design, synthesis and anti‐hyperglycemic activities
ChemInform Abstract: Antifungal Quinazolinones from Marine‐Derived Bacillus cereus and Their Preparation.
Authors: Xu Zhihong , Zhang Yapeng , Fu Haichao , Zhong Huimin , Hong Kui , Zhu Weiming
Published: October 2011

The novel quinazolinone alkaloids (I) and (II) are isolated along with seven known analogues from the BuOH extract of the marine‐derived bacterium Bacillus cereus.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanum Strontium Manganites for Application as Cathodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Souza Mariana M. V. M. , da Conceicao Leandro
Published: October 2011

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developing Novel Organocatalyzed Aldol Reactions for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules
Authors: Bhanushali Mayur , Zhao Cong‐Gui
Published: October 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cucurbituril Complexes of Redox Active Guests
Authors: Gadde Suresh , Kaifer Angel E.
Published: October 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Contemporary Strategies for Peptide Macrocyclization
Authors: White Christopher J. , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: October 2011

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Heterocycles Containing Se—O/Se—N Linkages: Role of Intramolecular Coordination
Authors: Selvakumar K. , Singh Vijay Pal , Shah Poonam , Singh Harkesh B.
Published: October 2011

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Multicomponent Reactions Based on Isocyanides
Authors: Heravi M. M. , Moghimi S.
Published: October 2011

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Crampton M. R.
Published: October 2011

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation and Reduction
Authors: Mehrotra R. N.
Published: October 2011

Review: 305 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Asymmetric Catalysis on Nanoparticle Surfaces
Authors: Ranganath Kalluri V. S. , Onitsuka Satoaki , Inanaga Junji
Published: October 2011

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Catalysis in the Oxidative Functionalization of Alkanes in Protic Media
Authors: Chepaikin E. G.
Published: October 2011

Review: 249 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Phytoalexins from Cultivated and Wild Crucifers: Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Pedras M. Soledade C. , Yaya Estifanos E. , Glawischnig Erich
Published: October 2011

Review: 165 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cellular Heterogeneity and Live Cell Arrays
Authors: Walling Maureen A. , Shepard Jason R. E.
Published: October 2011

Review: 281 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Plants from the Genus Pholidota
Authors: Bandi Anil Kumar Reddy , Lee Dong‐Ung
Published: October 2011

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlling Electrostatic Co‐Assembly Using Ion‐Containing Copolymers : From Surfactants to Nanoparticles
Authors: Berret J.‐F.
Published: October 2011

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanofabricated Drug Delivery Devices
Authors: Dubey Som Shankar , Rao Battula Sreenivas
Published: October 2011

Review: 15 refs.
Effect of orientation on the microstructure of nickel‐based crystalline superalloys
Authors: Zhao X. B. , Liu L. , Gao S. F. , Ge B. M. , Zhang J. , Li Y. L. , Fu H. Z.
Published: October 2011

The effect of crystal orientation on the microstructure of a nickel‐based crystalline superalloys during directional solidification was explored. Differently oriented crystals with [001] and [011] orientations were fabricated with seeding technique. The results showed that primary dendrite arm spacings decreased simultaneously with the increase of misroientation. The primary dendrites arrange in lines in [011] single crystal. For [001] oriented crystals, the size of γ′ phase increased with the increasing of misorientation. However, it was observed that the size of γ′ decreased with large misorientation for [011] orientated growth. Meanwhile, more γ′ in [011] crystals tended to be triangular. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of some amino acids and carboxylic acids from their structural descriptors
Authors: Fatemi Mohammad Hossein , Elyasi Maryam
Published: October 2011

In this work, quantitative structure‐retention relationship (QSRR) approaches were applied for modeling and prediction of the retention index of 282 amino acids (AAs) and carboxylic acids (CAs). Descriptors that were used to encode structural features of molecules in a data set were calculated by using the Dragon software. The genetic algorithm (GA) and stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) methods were used to select the most relevant descriptors. Then support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression were utilized to construct nonlinear and linear quantitative structure‐retention relationship models. The obtained results using these techniques revealed that nonlinear models were much better than other linear ones. The GA‐ANN model has the average absolute relative errors (AARE) of 0.054, 0.059 and 0.100 for training, internal and external test set. Applying the tenfold cross‐validation procedure on GA‐AAN model obtained the statistics of Q2=0.943, which revealed the reliability of this model.
Revealing Model Dependencies in “Assessing the RAFT Equilibrium Constant via Model Systems: An EPR Study”
Authors: Junkers Tanja , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Coote Michelle L.
Published: October 2011

In a recent article (W. Meiser, M. Buback, Assessing the RAFT Equilibrium Constant via Model Systems: An EPR Study, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2011, 18, 1490‐1494), it is claimed that evidence is found that unequivocally proves that quantum mechanical calculations assessing the equilibrium constant and fragmentation rate coefficients in dithiobenzoate‐mediated reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) systems are beset with a considerable uncertainty. In the present work, we show that these claims made by Meiser and Buback are beset with a model dependency, as a critical key parameter in their data analysis – the addition rate coefficient of the radicals attacking the C=S double bond in the dithiobenzoate – induces a model insensitivity into the data analysis. Contrary to the claims made by Meiser and Buback, their experimental results can be brought into agreement with the quantum chemical calculations if a lower addition rate coefficient of cyanoisopropyl radicals (CIP) to the CIP dithiobenzoate (CPDB) is assumed. To resolve the model dependency, the addition rate coefficient of CIP radicals to CPDB needs to be determined as a matter of priority.
Hochmobile Echtzeit‐THz‐Zeitbereichsspektroskopie
Authors: Laman Norman
Published: October 2011

Zahlreiche Terahertzanwendungen wurden erfolgreich im Labormaßstab entwickelt. Im Praxiseinsatz herrschen jedoch andere, weniger kontrollierbare Umgebungseinflüsse vor als im Labor. Kompakte, integrierte Terahertzspektrometer sind flexibel einsetzbar, sodass sie für Vor‐Ort‐Analysen eingesetzt werden können. Außerdem erlauben sie Echtzeitanalysen und erweitern so das Einsatzspektrum kommerzieller Produkte.
Life quality and experience among long‐term survivors of brittle type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cartwright A , Wallymahmed M , MacFarlane IA , Williams G , Gill GV
Published: October 2011

Severely unstable, or ‘brittle’, type 1 diabetes is characterised by recurrent admissions, usually in diabetic ketoacidosis and life disruption. It is associated with excess mortality and increased risk of diabetic complications. The long‐term social and life effects of survivors have not, however, been previously explored.

The aim of our study was to determine the long‐term effects of a period of brittle control on life quality and psychosocial morbidity.

We identified 10 survivors of an original cohort of 33 brittle type 1 patients, recruited between 1979 and 1985. All were visited by a diabetes research nurse, and a semi‐quantitative interview was conducted, and quantitative quality of life (QOL) assessment made. QOL data were compared with a case‐control group (two controls per case) matched for age, sex and diabetes duration; but without a history of brittle control.

All of the 10 survivors were female; mean age was 42±4 years and diabetes duration 32±5 years. The mean period of follow up was 22 years. Four (40%) had active psychiatric disease (two depression, one depression and schizophrenia, and one eating disorder). Most attributed their previous instability to life stresses and/or inadequate diabetes‐related education. Two (20%) admitted to inducing dysglycaemia by therapeutic interference. Five were in a stable relationship and three had children. None of the survivors was actively brittle, and most attributed resolution of brittleness to positive life changes. Total QOL score was lower (i.e. worse) in the brittle compared with the stable group (p=0.046).

We conclude that survivors of brittle type 1 diabetes have significant psychosocial morbidity and reduced life quality. This emphasises the adverse long‐term effects of brittle diabetes, even when glycaemic stability has been restored. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Rare disorders presenting in the diabetic clinic: an example using audit of the NSCT adult Alström clinics
Authors: Paisey RB , Barrett T , Carey CM , Hiwot T , Cramb R , White A , Seymour R , Bunce S , Waterson M , Rockett C , Vogler K , Williams K , Parkinson K , Kenny T
Published: October 2011

Alström syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy (OMIM 203800), is classically diagnosed on the basis of childhood onset cone rod retinal dystrophy, sensorineural hearing loss and obesity with severe insulin resistance. In addition, in infancy acute reversible cardiomyopathy occurs in 30% of cases, and type 2 diabetes develops in most cases in young adulthood.

We describe the audit of 11 cases of Alström syndrome diagnosed as adults, eight in the context of diabetes clinics who were referred to the National Specialised Commissioning Team (NSCT) adult Alström clinic at Torbay Hospital. All have severe insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and a variable degree of cardiac, renal and musculoskeletal involvement – features not associated with a unifying diagnosis until referred to their local diabetic clinics in eight of them.

Obesity and young onset type 2 diabetes are increasing and it is important to be aware that some cases will have associated rare recessive conditions such as Alström syndrome, Wolfram syndrome, lipodystrophies, Bardet Biedl syndrome (LMBBS), Prader Willi syndrome or occult cystic fibrosis. Early recognition of Alström families will facilitate prompt recognition and treatment of comorbidities and genetic counselling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Studies on CH3CN‐assisted decomposition of 1st Grubbs catalyst by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Xiong , Wang Hao‐Yang , Guo Yin‐Long
Published: October 2011

The CH3CN‐assisted decomposition reaction of the 1st Grubbs catalyst (1) was studied using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS). We detected a series of Ru‐intermediates and decomposition products by off‐line and on‐line ESI‐MS(/MS) monitoring of the decomposition process. In particular, an on‐line microreactor method was applied with ESI‐MS/MS to profile the change and relationship of various Ru‐intermediates by controlling the reaction within the first 30 s of its time scale. The main fast decomposition mechanism of Ru‐catalyst 1 in the presence of CH3CN was similar to that proposed by Grubbs, and this was confirmed by detecting the (PhCH2PCy3)+ ion at m/z 371 as the major decomposition products with ESI‐MS. We also studied the time evolution of the transient reactive Ru‐intermediate ions step by step with ESI‐MS/MS and detected the C–H bond activation products of toluene – dehydrogenated PCy3, such as P(Cy)2(C6H9), P(Cy)2Ph – by analyzing the decomposition reaction solution by gas chromatography (GC)/MS. The mechanism of another minor decomposition pathway involving the phosphine activation of catalyst 1 was proposed on the basis of the ESI‐MS(/MS) interception and characterization of the transient reactive Ru‐species in the decomposition reaction solution. Finally the coordination effect of the CH3CN in assisting the decomposition and stabilizing the transient Ru‐complexes is discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LiLa5Si4N10O and LiPr5Si4N10O – Chain‐Type Oxonitridosilicates
Authors: Lupart Saskia , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: October 2011

The isotypic lithium rare‐earth oxonitridosilicates LiLn5Si4N10O (Ln = La, Pr) were synthesized at temperatures of 1200 °C in weld shut tantalum ampoules employing liquid lithium as flux. Thereby, a silicate substructure with a low degree of condensation was obtained. LiLa5Si4N10O crystallizes in space group P$\bar{1}$ [Z = 1, LiLa5Si4N10O: a = 5.7462(11), b = 6.5620(13), c = 8.3732(17) Å, α = 103.54(3), β = 107.77(3), γ = 94.30(3), wR2 = 0.0405, 1315 data, 96 parameters]. The nitridosilicate substructure consists of loop branched dreier single‐chains of vertex sharing SiN4 tetrahedra. Lattice energy calculations (MAPLE) and EDX measurements confirmed the electrostatic bonding interactions and the chemical compositions. The 7Li solid‐state MAS NMR investigation is reported.
Horizontal, but not vertical canopy structure is related to stand functional diversity in a subtropical slope forest
Authors: Lang Anne C. , Härdtle Werner , Bruelheide Helge , Kröber Wenzel , Schröter Matthias , von Wehrden Henrik , von Oheimb Goddert
Published: October 2011

The aim of this study was to analyse the relation of horizontal and vertical canopy structure to tree functional diversity of a highly diverse subtropical broad‐leaved slope forest, stratified for different successional stages. This is of particular interest because many key ecosystem processes and functions are related to the arrangement of forest canopies. We assessed the effect of stand‐related functional diversity (FDQ, measured as Rao's quadratic entropy of leaf traits), together with other environmental variables on horizontal [measured as relative crown projection areas (CPAr)] and vertical [relative crown overlap, coefficients of variation (CV) of crown positioning variables] structure of the upper canopy at the local neighbourhood level. The analyses with mixed effects models revealed a negative relation (p = 0.025; estimate −0.07) between FDQ and CPAr. No significant effect of FDQ on vertical canopy structure has been found (p > 0.05). The findings are discussed with regard to resource partitioning and niche differentiation of canopy and sub‐canopy species. Successional stage positively impacted the CV of crown length (p = 0.019; estimate 0.03) but did not affect other response variables. The sloping terrain strongly influenced vertical canopy structure as revealed by the significant effect of slope inclination on CV of crown length (p = 0.004; estimate −0.05) and of slope aspect on CV of mean crown height (p = 0.036; estimate −0.03). The high complexity of vertical crown positioning depending on the heterogeneous sloping terrain of the study area may have obscured relations of FDQ to vertical canopy structure.
Analysis on the current and the future Internet structure regarding multi-homed and multi-path routing
Authors: Fujinoki Hiroshi , Hauck Andrew
Published: October 2011

We analyzed how reliability will be improved by adopting inter-domain multi-path and multi-homing routing when the structure in the Internet changes. We identified the properties of the ideal network structure that will maximize the advantage of multi-path and multi-home routing using mathematical analyses. We focused on how each end-to-end path is built, how many multi-paths exist and how each multi-path consists of multi-path and multi-homing segments. Second, we analyzed the trends in the recent changes in how the Internet is structured from the view point of inter-domain multi-path routing. The mathematical analyses suggest that a large number of multi-paths or multi-homing is not necessary to effectively benefit from multi-path routing. However, it will be important to keep the path length short in the segments where multiple paths are not available. The analyses on the recent changes in the Internet structure suggest that multi-path routing will contribute to improvement of reliability in two different ways. For the autonomous systems away from the Internet core, multi-path routing will improve the reliability by going around the busy Internet core, while it will improve the reliability by distributing network traffic load through the Internet core for the autonomous systems close to the core.
Simulation of multihaem cytochromes
Authors: Soares Cláudio M. , Baptista António M.
Published: October 2011

This article presents an overview of the simulation studies of the behaviour of multihaem cytochromes using theoretical/computational methodologies, with an emphasis on cytochrome c
3. It starts with the first studies using rigid molecules and continuum electrostatic models, where protonation and redox events were treated as independent. The gradual addition of physical details is then described, from the inclusion of proton isomerism, to the proper treatment of the thermodynamics of electron–proton coupling, to the explicit inclusion of the solvent and protein structural reorganization into the models, culminating with the method for molecular dynamics simulations at constant pH and reduction potential, where the solvation, conformational, protonation and redox features are all simulated in a fully integrated and coupled way. We end with a discussion of the strategies used to study the interaction between multihaem cytochromes, taking into account the further coupling effect introduced by the molecular association.
Maternal protein restriction in the rat during pregnancy and/or lactation alters cognitive and anxiety behaviors of female offspring
Authors: Reyes‐Castro L.A. , Rodriguez J.S. , Charco R. , Bautista C.J. , Larrea F. , Nathanielsz P.W. , Zambrano E.
Published: October 2011

Maternal protein deficiencies can developmentally program offspring to lifelong dysfunction of many physiological systems. We hypothesized that maternal isocaloric low protein diet during fetal and early postnatal development would negatively affect female offspring anxiety, exploration, associative learning and motivation as measured by the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), operant conditioning and the progressive ratio task, respectively. Control mothers (C) received a 20% casein diet and restricted mothers (R) a 10% casein diet to provide four groups: CC, RR, CR, and RC (first letter pregnancy diet and second lactation diet) to enable evaluation of offspring effects influenced by maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal protein restriction decreased open arm time and distance in RR and RC offspring, increased anxiety behavior, in the EPM. In the OFT, the RR and RC offspring displayed decreased exploration (increased stress) as indexed by decreased distance in the center zone. These behaviors in the EPM and OFT was associated with increased corticosterone levels during an immobilization test in the RR offspring with intermediary effects in the RC offspring. Learning impairment was observed in the RR, CR and RC offspring during fixed ratio 5 schedule of reinforcement. Motivational effects were measured in RR offspring responding less, decreased motivation, and CR offspring making more responses, increased motivation, than CC offspring. These findings reveal the negative effects of developmental protein restriction on female offspring behavior. The underlying basis for these negative outcomes remains to be elucidated.
Gur, Ghur, GuhrorBur? The quest for a metalliferous prime matter in early modern times
Authors: ALFONSO-GOLDFARB ANA MARIA , FERRAZ MARCIA H.M.
Published: October 2011

It has been traditionally held that the idea of a prime matter of metals was abandoned in the eighteenth century, especially after the failure of Hermann Boerhaave to find it in mercury. However, documents tell a different story: the search for the metalliferous principle, in the form of an odd substance known asGur,Guhr,GhurorBur, was very much alive in the 1700s. This was a project that involved Boerhaave himself, as is shown by his correspondence with J.B. Bassand. The first mention of this strange material appears inSarepta, a collection of sermons by the sixteenth-century Bohemian preacher Johannes Mathesius, sometimes mentioned in the specialized literature but rarely studied. This paper discusses the various conceptions of this material held as the prime matter of metals, from Mathesius to the eighteenth century, involving reputed authors such as John Webster, Jan B. van Helmont, Georg E. Stahl and Boerhaave.
High disaccharide intake associates with atherogenic lipoprotein profile
Authors: Sonestedt Emily , Wirfält Elisabet , Wallström Peter , Gullberg Bo , Drake Isabel , Hlebowicz Joanna , Nordin Fredrikson Gunilla , Hedblad Bo , Nilsson Jan , Krauss Ronald M. , Orho-Melander Marju
Published: October 2011

Increased plasma concentrations of small LDL particles denote an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype (ALP) that is correlated with increased circulating TAG and reduced HDL-cholesterol. Principal component analyses of subfraction concentrations have previously been used in the Swedish population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort to identify three independent components, one pattern representing the ALP. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between macronutrient intakes and the principal component representing the ALP. We examined 4301 healthy subjects (46–68 years old, 60 % women) at baseline in the MDC cohort. Dietary data were collected using a modified diet history method. Plasma lipoprotein subfractions were measured using a high-resolution ion mobility method. The principal component corresponding to the ALP was significantly associated with a higher intake of disaccharides, and inversely related to protein and alcohol consumption (P < 0·001 for all). The present findings indicate that the ALP may be improved by a low intake of disaccharides, and moderate intakes of protein and alcohol.
Regulation of glucose metabolism via hepatic forkhead transcription factor 1 (FoxO1) by Morinda citrifolia (noni) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Nerurkar Pratibha V. , Nishioka Adrienne , Eck Philip O. , Johns Lisa M. , Volper Esther , Nerurkar Vivek R.
Published: October 2011

Renewed interest in alternative medicine among diabetic individuals prompted us to investigate anti-diabetic effects of Morinda citrifolia (noni) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased glucose production due to the inability of insulin to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis and promote glycolysis. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis by modulating transcription factors such as forkhead box O (FoxO1). Based on microarray analysis data, we tested the hypothesis that fermented noni fruit juice (fNJ) improves glucose metabolism via FoxO1 phosphorylation. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD and fNJ for 12 weeks. Body weights and food intake were monitored daily. FoxO1 expression was analysed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Specificity of fNJ-associated FoxO1 regulation of gluconeogenesis was confirmed by small interfering RNA (siRNA) studies using human hepatoma cells, HepG2. Supplementation with fNJ inhibited weight gain and improved glucose and insulin tolerance and fasting glucose in HFD-fed mice. Hypoglycaemic properties of fNJ were associated with the inhibition of hepatic FoxO1 mRNA expression, with a concomitant increase in FoxO1 phosphorylation and nuclear expulsion of the proteins. Gluconeogenic genes, phosphoenolpyruvate C kinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), were significantly inhibited in mice fed a HFD+fNJ. HepG2 cells demonstrated more than 80 % inhibition of PEPCK and G6P mRNA expression in cells treated with FoxO1 siRNA and fNJ. These data suggest that fNJ improves glucose metabolism via FoxO1 regulation in HFD-fed mice.
Effects of blackcurrant-based juice on atherosclerosis-related biomarkers in cultured macrophages and in human subjects after consumption of a high-energy meal
Authors: Huebbe Patricia , Giller Katrin , de Pascual-Teresa Sonia , Arkenau Anne , Adolphi Berit , Portius Sebastian , Arkenau Cord N. , Rimbach Gerald
Published: October 2011

Regular consumption of fruit and vegetables may be associated with decreased CVD risk. In the present study, we investigated the effects of blackcurrant (BC) juice, rich in polyphenols and ascorbic acid, on oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in cultured macrophages in vitro and in human subjects with an atherosclerosis-prone phenotype (after consumption of a high-energy meal). In cultured macrophages (RAW264.7), BC treatment significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation as indicated by lower mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and lower nuclear p65 levels indicating decreased NF-κB activity. iNOS protein levels were lower and haem oxygenase 1 levels higher in BC-treated cells when compared with untreated controls. Subjects given a high-energy meal had elevated serum glucose and insulin levels with no significant difference between the BC-based juice and placebo treatment groups. TAG following meal ingestion tended to be attenuated after the BC treatment. Plasma ascorbic acid and radical-scavenging capacity were decreased following placebo meal consumption; however, BC significantly elevated both parameters compared with baseline and placebo ingestion. Plasma oxidised LDL, α-tocopherol and paraoxonase activity were unchanged in both treatment groups. Furthermore, production of TNF-α and IL-1β was not significantly changed by BC meal consumption. The present results suggest potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of BC in vitro in cultured macrophages. Although the observations were not directly transferable to a postprandial in vivo situation, the present results show that BC juice consumption may improve postprandial antioxidant status as indicated by higher ascorbic acid levels and free radical-scavenging capacity in plasma.
Resetting the Legal History of Slavery: Divination, Torture, Poisoning, Murder, Revolution, Emancipation, and Re-enslavement
Authors: Johnson Walter
Published: October 2011

Each of these four lapidary papers scratches a stylus across fixed categories and settled understandings: embedding the legal history of the Americas in the African history of crime and punishment; uncovering the intellectual history of the metropole in the social history of the colonies; using the restless contingency of biography to trouble the most durable of historiographical boundaries, that between slavery and freedom. Taken together, they dismantle and then suggestively refit the history of slavery and law in the time of revolution and emancipation.
Im Flow sein: Experimentelle Analysen des Zustands optimaler Beanspruchung
Authors: Keller Johannes , Landhäußer Anne
Published: October 2011

Zusammenfassung. Die Flow-Theorie als spezielle Theorie der intrinsischen Motivation inspiriert seit Jahrzehnten die Forschung in den verschiedensten Disziplinen, den Zustand optimalen Erlebens und seine Korrelate zu untersuchen. In diesem Beitrag erfolgt eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit (1) den in der Flow-Theorie enthaltenen Annahmen, (2) der bislang primär angewandten Methode zur Analyse des Flow-Erlebens, (3) der theoretischen Konzeption sowie (4) den Handlungsempfehlungen, die auf Basis der Flow-Theorie abgegeben wurden. Es werden neu entwickelte experimentelle Paradigmen zur systematischen Analyse des Flow-Erlebens vorgestellt, die sich dazu eignen, Randbedingungen und Konsequenzen des Flow-Erlebens kausalanalytisch zu untersuchen. Desweiteren werden experimentelle Befunde berichtet, die darauf hinweisen, dass Flow-Erleben spezielle kognitive sowie physiologische Konsequenzen (z. B. erhöhte Kortisolwerte) nach sich zieht und die das rosarote Bild des Flowzustands in Frage stellen, das in der relevanten Literatur entworfen wird.