bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O M-learning como Modalidade de Ensino à Distância em Moçambique
Authors: Comiche Amália Cutane , Germano Valentim Manuel , Gonçalves Bruno F.
Published: October 2024

Com o surgimento da pandemia de covid-19, o ensino à distância tornou-se uma alternativa necessária para garantir a continuidade do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, especialmente nas instituições de ensino superior em Moçambique. No entanto, muitas instituições privadas enfrentam desafios significativos para implementar essa modalidade de ensino devido à falta de infraestrutura tecnológica adequada. O m-learning surge como uma possível alternativa, já que dispositivos móveis, como smartphones e tablets, estão cada vez mais presentes em todas as camadas sociais. Para investigar como o m-learning pode ser uma alternativa viável para contornar a ausência de tecnologia para o ensino à distância nas IES privadas de Moçambique, recorreu-se à revisão bibliográfica e a um estudo de caso em uma IES privada com representação nacional onde os dados qualitativos foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturada, foram entrevistados 10 docentes e 10 estudantes dos primeiros cursos de graduação lecionados nesta instituição que utilizaram o m-learning como modalidade de aprendizagem. A análise e a interpretação de dados foram feitas através da análise de conteúdo. Da análise feita, conclui-se que o m-learning pode ser uma opção eficiente e flexível para a ausência de tecnologia, permitindo uma interação mais dinâmica com os estudantes e acesso a materiais didáticos digitais, facilitando a realização das atividades de aprendizagem na hora e no momento em que lhes for conveniente. No entanto, enfrenta desafios como adaptação de materiais a esta modalidade e o acesso à internet móvel gratuita para professores e estudantes. A formação dos professores para a utilização adequada dos recursos é também um desafio para as IES privadas em Moçambique. Resumindo, o m-learning pode ser útil para o ensino à distância, mas requer consideração cuidadosa das limitações tecnológicas e das necessidades dos estudantes e professores
O Papel das Estatísticas Públicas no Desenvolvimento do Capital Humano em Moçambique: Avanços e desafios.
Authors: Muteto Regério Salvador
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo propõe o desafio de analisar o papel das estatísticas públicas no desenvolvimento do capital humano em Moçambique. As estatísticas constituem uma ferramenta fundamental na produção de políticas públicas. Tal facto tem sido expresso em discursos políticos oficiais e de ocasião, mas também em sessões de literacia e promoção da cultura estatística orientadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística responsável pelas estatísticas oficiais nacionais. Não obstante o reconhecimento, poucos são os estudos nacionais que se valendo de metodologias científicas captam evidências de uso, de facto, das estatísticas na produção de políticas públicas. Por isso, este artigo recorrendo ao enfoque qualitativo procurou, por um lado, compreender os indicadores estatísticos sobre o capital humano e por outro, captar evidências do seu uso na produção de políticas públicas orientadas para o desenvolvimento do capital humano, bem como, as mudanças e os desafios decorrentes desse uso. A análise apontou para o uso progressivo das estatísticas públicas nas políticas públicas orientadas para o desenvolvimento do capital humano, resultando em mudanças incrementais neste campo. Mas também, apontou desafios atinentes à sustentabilidade da produção estatística e da introdução de novas métricas para análises mais amplas e alinhamento preciso entre as políticas do capital humano e as prioridades de desenvolvimento do País.
A Critical Examination of Lucrece’s Chastity: Analyzing the Interplay of Love and Moral Justification in The Rape of Lucrece
Authors:   Islamic University, Bangladesh, Sikder Liton Baron
Published: October 2024

This research paper examines the complex motivations behind Lucrece’s tragic decision to commit suicide in Shakespeare’s The Rape of Lucrece, following her violation by Tarquin. Lucrece, a character defined by her beauty and chastity, confronts the devastating loss of her chastity after the assault, leading her to perceive suicide as the only means to reclaim her honor by destroying her beauty. The paper explores the intricate interplay between love, guilt, and identity in Lucrece’s experience. Love is portrayed as a multifaceted emotion, where some perceive it as their entire existence, while others see it merely as a facet of life or a precursor to sexual desire. Additionally, love can evoke strong emotional attachments, complicating the concept of agency in Lucrece’s tragic circumstances. This study argues that Lucrece’s actions stem not only from her emotional turmoil but also from societal expectations regarding female honor. Ultimately, it seeks to uncover the nuances behind her decision, questioning whether her guilt and desire for honor led her to invite Tarquin’s advances subconsciously, thereby examining the extremities of her commitment to preserving her chastity and the implications of her suicide within the broader context of gender and honor.
Aplikasi Tik Tok Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Di Kalangan Mahasiswa
Authors: Wasiati
Published: October 2024

Media sosial Tik Tok merupakan sebuah media audio visual yang di buat dengan dipadukan dengan berbagai musik. Media ini adalah media yang menyebarluaskan berbagai kreatifitas dan keunikan dan memiliki efek spesial yang menarik bagi setiap penggunanya. Media sosial ini dapat membuat pengguna (mahasiswa) merasa senang, karena video yang mereka buat dengan berbagai musik sehingga pembelajaran akan berjalan dengan menyenangkan Selanjutnya, artikel ini merupakan sebuah gagasan tertulis yang dilakukan penulis sebagai upaya tindak lanjut terkait adanya pengembangan media pembelajaran. Seiring dengan dicanangkannya revolusi industri 4.0 maka dinamika pembelajaran seharusnya tidak diperbolehkan lagi menggunakan cara yang konvensinal, terutama dalam pemilihan media pem­­belajaran. Media pembelajaran di era serba digital saat ini harus disesuaikan dengan perkembangan teknologi. Media pembelajaran haruslah menarik, dekat dan lekat dengan peserta didik dalam hal ini mahasiswa. Aplikasi Tik Tok hadir dengan predikat minir dari masyarakat, namun ironisnya mahasiswa sangat menikmati aplikasi ini, Berdasarkan premis tersebut maka penulis dapat menarik generalisasi bahwa apabila hal tersebut digunakan serta dimediasi secara tepat maka Aplikasi Tik Tok dapat menjadi sebuah media pembelajaran yang menarik serta menyenangkan bagi kalangan mahasiswa. Selain itu juga, Penggunaan apli­kasi Tik Tok sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif diharapkan efektif dalam membantu mahasiswa dalam memahami dan menerima proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh dosen. Media pembe­lajaran in­ter­aktif dapat mewakili apa yang belum bisa disampaikan dosen dan proses pem­belajaran akan lebih efektif dan efisien. Melalui aplikasi Tik Tok, dosen dapat dengan mu­dah menciptakan pembelajaran interaktif, sehingga dapat disesuaikan dengan lingkungan, situasi, dan kondisi dari mahasiswanya.
Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Kinerja Guru Di SD Negeri 2 Gading Sari
Authors: Rindi Eka Alfionita  , Ayu Lestari
Published: October 2024

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa supervisi Kepala Sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di SD Negeri 2 Gading Sari memberikan hasil yang baik dan efektif. Hal ini terlihat dari beberapa kesimpulan yang diperoleh penulis, yaitu: (1) Selama perencanaan pemantauan, Kepala Sekolah mengerjakan langkah-langkah operasional yang ideal sesuai dengan manual kinerja Kepala Sekolah. (2) Dalam proses melakukan pengawasan, Kepala Sekolah telah berhasil menggunakan teknik yang baik. (3) Selama proses supervisi, Kepala Sekolah membimbing dan melakukan refleksi bersama guru yang dibimbingnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengadakan pengamatan (observasi), wawancara dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, dewan guru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan kinerja supervisi pengawas dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di SD Negeri 2 Gading Sari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif didukung dengan pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sumber informasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah dan guru. Aspek-aspek yang disupervisi adalah kelengkapan perangkat pembelajaran diantaranya penyiapan penyusunan dan pengembangan silabus, program tahunan, program semester, kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM), dan rencana persiapan pembelajaran (RPP). Teknik-teknik pelaksanaan supervisi Kepala Sekolah dilakukan dengan dua teknik, yaitu teknik bersifat kelompok dan teknik bersifat individual.
Kiai Pondok Pesantren Darul Muttaqin
Authors: Moh. Adzkiyaunuha
Published: October 2024

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi bahwa pondok pesantren merupakan pendidikan tertua dan sampai saat ini memiliki kepercayaan yang tinggi dari masyarakat sekitar. Pesantren mulai membangun dirinya secara “kualitas (mutu)”, seperti halnya pada pola manajemen pondok pesantren tradisional yang perlu sentuhan dalam mengelolanya, supaya dalam proses pembelajaran bisa progres. Dengan adanya kemajuan dalam manajemen diharapkan pondok pesantren mampu mengahsilkan out put yang siap menghadapi tantangan zaman, namun dalam hal ini tak sedikit pondok pesantren yang masih menggunakan pola manjemen pondok pesantren tradisional. Pemegang kendali manajerial di pesantren adalah seorang Kiai, selain sebagai pendidikan atau pengajar. Posisi kepemimpinan kiai di pesantren lebih menekankan pada aspek kepemilikan saham pesantren dan moralitas serta kedalaman ilmu agama, dan sering mengabaikan aspek manajerial. Kiai atau pengasuh pondok pesantren merupakan elemen yang sangat esensial bagi suatu pesantren, oleh karenanya, sangat wajar jika pertumbuhannya, pesantren sangat bergantung pada peran seorang Kiai.
Kewirausahaan Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Muhadi
Published: October 2024

Pengembangan kewirausahaan santri harus dilakukan oleh pondok pesantren untuk kemajuan perekonomian guna menopang laju kesejahteraan bagi seluruh santri, dan seluruh civitas akademik, hal tersebut tidak menafikan kebiasaan kegiatan yang ada di pondok pesantren pada umunya, yaitu sekolah, ngaji dan masih banyak lagi kegiatan yang dapat membentuk karakter anak yang menjadi lebih baik. Aktivitas ekonomi salah satu sarana untuk hidup sejahtera. Sementara hidup yang sejahtera adalah anjuran agama. Dengan demikian, upaya pencapaian kesejahteraan hidup melalui aktivitas ekonomi adalah anjuran agama. Pesantren sebagai lembaga yang mengiringi dakwah Islam di Indonesia memiliki pandangan yang bermacam-macam. Pesantren banyak dipandang sebagai lembaga pembinaan moral, lembaga dakwah, pendidikan islam juga sebagai lembaga sosial yang juga banyak mengalami tantangan, baik eksternal maupun internal. Pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat yang terarah oleh podok pesantren bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan kemandirian sejak dini pada santri-santrinya. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan memberikan kebebasan kepada masing-masing santri untuk dapat menentukan jalan hidup mereka sendiri dalam kemandirian dengan berlandaskan islami yang hakiki. Kemandirian masyarakat merupakan suatu kondisi yang dialami oleh masyarakat yang ditandai dengan kemampuan memikirkan, memutuskan serta melakukan sesuatu yang dipandang tepat dalam memecahkan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi berdasarkan kemampuan yang dimiliki.
Kemandirian Anak Melalui Media Display “Kartu Pembiasaan Anak Mandiri” di RA Miftahul Huda Tegalsari
Authors: Anang Silahuddin
Published: October 2024

Tingkat kemandirian anak di RA Miftahul Huda Tegalsari masih mengalami hambatan dan belum dicapai anak secara optimal terutama dalam memakai sepatu, makan, menyelesaikan tugas, serta merapikan mainan setelah digunakan. Hal tersebut mendorong peneliti untuk mengadakan penelitian tentang peningkatan kemandirian anak melalui media display “Kartu Pembiasaan Anak Mandiri” di RA Miftahul Huda Tegalsari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui cara penggunaan, 2) peningkatan kemandirian anak (memakai sepatu, makan, menyelesaikan tugas, dan merapikan mainan), 3) kefektifan media display “Kartu Pembiasaan Anak Mandiri” di kelompok A RA Miftahul Huda Tegalsari.Penelitian ini adalah anak didik kelompok A RA Miftahul Huda Tegalsari Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015 sebanyak 13 anak didik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian tindakan kelas, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa: observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Pelaksanaan penelitian terdiri dari dua siklus, tiap siklus terdapat dua kali tindakan. Hasil penelitian setelah dilaksanakan perbaikan menunjukkan bahwa media display “Kartu Pembiasaan Anak Mandiri” efektif dalam meningkatkan kemandirian anak didik, dibuktikan dengan prosentase kemandirian anak didik yang berkembang sangat baik atau mendapat bintang 4 pada indikator kemandirian anak memakai sepatu di siklus I 25% menjadi 92,31% di siklus II yakni meningkat 67,31%, indikator kemandirian anak makan di siklus I 33,33% menjadi 92,31% di siklus II yakni meningkat 58,98%, indikator kemandirian anak menyelesaikan tugas di siklus I 25% menjadi 92,31% di siklus II yakni meningkat 67,31%, dan indikator kemandirian anak merapikan mainan di siklus I 50% menjadi 92,31% di siklus II yakni meningkat 42,31%.
Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for schizophrenia detection
Authors: Coşar Halil İbrahim , Şahin Muhammet Emin
Published: October 2024

As mental and neurological disorders continue to rise globally, research utilizing artificial intelligence to analyse and classify differences in EEG signals is growing rapidly. This study utilises six different machine learning algorithms for detecting schizophrenia (SZ) using multichannel EEG signals. In the initial phase of this study, pre-processing is carried out, followed by the application of 13 distinct feature extraction techniques. The extracted features are subsequently classified using various machine learning algorithms, leading to classification accuracies up to 1.00 in four algorithms which are Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Gradient Boosting. In addition, 5-fold cross-validation is applied to increase the reliability of the study. The findings indicate that the study achieved remarkable success and demonstrates the potential for effectively detecting schizophrenia using EEG signals.
Contextualization of Information Objects Towards Supporting Knowledge Management in Digital Workspaces
Authors: Romanovska Mara , Birzniece Ilze , Balina Signe
Published: October 2024

This research article explores the contextualization of information objects in enhancing knowledge management within digital workspaces. It emphasizes the critical role of context in managing unstructured data and presents a systematic approach for extracting context dimensions and attributes for information object context modeling. The research article discusses several implications of context-aware computing for organizational productivity: efficient information retrieval, improved knowledge management, support for remote and hybrid work models, reduced data loss, enhanced user activities, and business-level services. The article emphasizes the CASAD matrix modeling method and proposes the approach of extracting the set of attributes for building a context model. A case study is presented to demonstrate the practical application of this approach in an organizational setting. It is shown how combining large language models (LLMs) and organization-specific metamodels contributes to computing secondary context attributes. The research concludes that contextualizing information objects, supported by artificial intelligence and LLMs, can enhance organizational productivity by providing a ground for personalized digital workspaces, efficient information handling, and improved knowledge management processes. It can also support the evolving needs of organizations, such as remote and hybrid work models.
Estimating Vehicle Turn-In Rate of Expressway Rest Areas via ETC Gantry Data – An ADPC-GMM Approach
Authors: ZHENG Yubin , CHENG Cheng , ZHANG Yong , WANG Lingyi , LI Qixuan , ZHANG Hailin
Published: October 2024

Vehicle turn-in rate is a critical and widely adopted input for expressway rest area design and operation. With the implementation of expressway ETC gantries, the ERA turn-in rate can be further estimated by measuring the travel speed distribution via ETC gantry data. This paper proposed an adaptive density peak clustering Gaussian mixture model (ADPC-GMM) for ERA turn-in rate estimation. The ADPC algorithm is applied to generate the GMM’s inputs accommodating to the traffic characteristic of ERA expressway segments and GMM would further provide the turn-in rate estimation results. To validate the model precision, the turn-in rate data of four selected ERAs in Sichuan, China, as well as the ETC gantry data of their corresponding expressway sections are obtained. According to the estimation results, the MAE and RMSE are 0.0228 and 0.0267 for the passenger car scenario and 0.0264 and 0.0356 for the commercial truck scenario, respectively. These results are also at the lowest level compared with the results acquired from ordinary GMM, K-Means and DBSCAN algorithms. The proposed method has good applicability for vehicle turn-in rate estimation and can be deployed at different ERAs, especially those ERAs without traffic monitoring.
Research on the Efficiency of Major Airports in China’s Six Major Airport Cluster: Based on Common Frontier Super-Efficiency DEA and Malmquist Method
Authors: LIU Qing , QIAN Qiwei
Published: October 2024

Airport clusters are of great significance to the sustainable development of the civil aviation transportation industry. The study utilises common frontier and super-efficiency DEA methods to assess the efficiency of China’s six major airport groups. It then employs the Malmquist index method to analyse changes in airport productivity. The results highlight regional disparities in airport efficiency. The East China Airport Group and the Southwest Airport Group consistently demonstrate excellent efficiency values, while the North China Airport Group and the Northeast Airport Group have significant room for improvement. Most airports within the groups operate at low and ineffective levels, with efficiency initially increasing and then decreasing. Moreover, the technology gap ratio (TGR) for each airport group somewhat shows a downward trend. The Malmquist index indicates that the overall factor productivity of each airport has generally remained stable, with efficiency growth primarily dependent on scale efficiency. On average, technical efficiency has increased by 1.5%. However, in terms of technological changes, most airports have experienced technological regression, indicating insufficient focus on technological improvement. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritise technological innovation and enhance management efficiency to achieve efficiency improvements in airport clusters. It is necessary to formulate strategies accurately based on the specific conditions of different regions, promote coordinated development, foster regional exchanges and cooperation, address regional disparities, ensure sustainable development of China’s airport clusters, and establish a world-class airport cluster.
The investigation of visuospatial memory and visual attention in children with intellectual disability and Down syndrome
Authors: Giaouri Stergiani
Published: October 2024

Within cognitive domains, memory and attention are among the most studied processes in people with intellectual disabilities, and studies have documented difficulties or even heterogeneities in their functioning. This study investigates the differences and similarities in the development of visuospatial memory and visual attention between children with typical development and intellectual disabilities of various etiologies. The study involved 106 children: 42 with typical development, 41 with intellectual disabilities, and 23 with Down syndrome. The sex ratio was 1:1, and the mean chronological age across groups was 8.81 years. Tools used included the Visual Information Recall Scale and Scales for Sustained Visual Attention and Visual Attention Span. Findings revealed that children with typical development outperformed the others, with statistically significant differences between groups. Notably, children with intellectual disabilities and Down syndrome also showed significant differences, highlighting the cognitive heterogeneity in intellectual disabilities.
Neuromarketing insights for effective advertising strategies.
Authors: Panwar Diksha , Bhargava Amitabh , Bohara Sailaja , Chaudhary Shivendra Singh
Published: October 2024

This study tries to illuminate the most prominent contributions of neuromarketing and its tools in advertising from 1976 to 2023. The present study addresses research questions. Data was collected over the timespan from 1996 to 2023 and focused on high-quality research articles published in the English language from subject areas like business, management & accounting, social science, psychology, neuroscience, art, and humanities from the Scopus database. For further analysis, the PRISMA framework, Bibliometrix, and Vosviewer were used. The study highlights that neuromarketing in advertising can go beyond the traditional boundaries providing a sense to the consumer responses and competitive behavior that is revolving in the landscape of advertisement. Further, the study indicates that the researchers have worked on themes like neuromarketing, consumer neuroscience, electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and decision-making, and the themes on which the researchers can focus in the future are emotions, advertising effectiveness, pattern recognition, and storytelling.
Advances in dry low-temperature scanning probe microscopy system development
Authors: Huang Yuan-Zhi , Yang Chuan-Hao , He Song-Ping , Ma Rui-Song , Huan Qing ,   Nanophysics and Devices Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   ACME (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
Published: October 2024

Since the beginning of the 21st century, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has played an increasingly important role in investigating the micro- and nanoscale surface characterization, physical property measurement, and micro/nano fabrication. To provide a more stable operating environment and higher energy resolution for SPM, researchers have developed low-temperature scanning probe microscopy (LT-SPM) systems that operate under the conditions of ultra-high vacuum and low temperature. Currently, most of LT-SPM systems have achieved temperatures around 4.2 K by supplying liquid helium-4 (4He) to continuous flow cryostats or low-temperature Dewars. However, due to the low natural abundance of 4He and its increasing demand, the significant increase in the price of liquid helium has seriously affected the normal operation of 4He-based low temperature equipment. To solve this problem, dry (cryogen-free) refrigeration technology has emerged as a promising alternative to the next-generation low-temperature systems. In this context, the integration of dry refrigeration technology with SPM to construct Dry-LT-SPM systems has become a key research focus in the field of scanning probe instruments.

This paper mainly discusses several reported closed-cycle Dry-LT-SPM systems, focusing on aspects such as system design, refrigeration schemes, vibration reduction methods, and overall performance. Finally, this paper summarizes the current challenges and problems faced by Dry-LT-SPM systems and explores potential future developments in this field.
On the number of partitions of a number into distinct divisors
Authors: Lebowitz-Lockard Noah , Vandehey Joseph ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Tyler
Published: October 2024

Let $p_{\textrm{dsd}} (n)$ be the number of partitions of $n$ into distinct squarefree divisors of $n$. In this note, we find a lower bound for $p_{\textrm{dsd}} (n)$, as well as a sequence of $n$ for which $p_{\textrm{dsd}} (n)$ is unusually large.
Exceptional longevity of mammalian ovarian and oocyte macromolecules throughout the reproductive lifespan
Authors: Bomba-Warczak Ewa K , Velez Karen M , Zhou Luhan T , Guillermier Christelle , Edassery Seby , Steinhauser Matthew L , Savas Jeffrey N , Duncan Francesca E
Published: October 2024

The mechanisms contributing to age-related deterioration of the female reproductive system are complex, however aberrant protein homeostasis is a major contributor. We elucidated exceptionally stable proteins, structures, and macromolecules that persist in mammalian ovaries and gametes across the reproductive lifespan. Ovaries exhibit localized structural and cell-type-specific enrichment of stable macromolecules in both the follicular and extrafollicular environments. Moreover, ovaries and oocytes both harbor a panel of exceptionally long-lived proteins, including cytoskeletal, mitochondrial, and oocyte-derived proteins. The exceptional persistence of these long-lived molecules suggest a critical role in lifelong maintenance and age-dependent deterioration of reproductive tissues.
Proteostasis modulates gene dosage evolution in antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Authors: Jena Chinmaya , Chinnaraj Saillesh , Deolankar Soham , Matange Nishad
Published: October 2024

Evolution of gene expression frequently drives antibiotic resistance in bacteria. We had previously (Patel and Matange,
eLife
, 2021) shown that in
Escherichia coli
, mutations at the
mgrB
locus were beneficial in trimethoprim and led to overexpression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), encoded by the
folA
gene. Here, we show that DHFR levels are further enhanced by spontaneous duplication of a genomic segment encompassing
folA
and spanning hundreds of kilobases. This duplication was rare in wild type
E. coli
. However, its frequency was elevated in a
lon
-knockout strain, altering the mutational landscape early during trimethoprim adaptation. We then exploit this system to investigate the relationship between trimethoprim pressure and
folA
copy number. During long-term evolution,
folA
duplications were frequently reversed. Reversal was slower under antibiotic pressure, first requiring the acquisition of point mutations in DHFR or its promoter. Unexpectedly, despite resistance-conferring point mutations, some populations under high trimethoprim pressure maintained
folA
duplication to compensate for low abundance DHFR mutants. We find that evolution of gene dosage depends on expression demand, which is generated by antibiotic and exacerbated by proteolysis of drug-resistant mutants of DHFR. We propose a novel role for proteostasis as a determinant of copy number evolution in antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Professional development in teacher education: (Vocational) teacher students’ descriptions
Authors: Asghari Hamid , Kilbrink Nina , Johansson Anders E.
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on a learning objective, as part of a teacher education course at a Swedish university, where student teachers should be able to discuss their own professional development and identify further development needs. Since both research and policy documents highlight professional development as an important part of teacher education, it is important to study professional development from the perspective of student teachers. The theoretical starting point is Communities of Practice (CoP), and the study focuses on knowledge and learning within a social community. Ten subject teacher students and six vocational teacher students are interviewed about their descriptions of what the professional development for teachers in teacher education means for them, which results in six prominent themes: 1) the developmentof identity formation, 2) the development of subject specific and vocational knowledge, 3) the development of leadership, 4) the development of relationship-building, 5) the development of knowledge about policy documents, laws, rules and regulations, 6) the development in relation to changes in the society.

Despite common denominators in the students’ descriptions of professional development, there are also nuanced differences that can be understood by positioning actors about the (vocational) teacher education community. The vocational teacher students frequently connect their professional knowledge to industry and working life, whereas the subject teacher students often connect their subject knowledge to university courses and research. Both the vocational teacher students and the subject teacher students in the study
describe
that they need to stay up-to-date and continue developing their competence in pedagogy. However, the vocational teacher students specifically highlight the need for pedagogical knowledge within the school environment, rather than in the context of working life and workshop settings. This may be because some vocational teacher students are accustomed to training and teaching interns in these environments as part of their professional practice.
A web scraping app for smart literature search of the keywords
Authors: Mutlu Muhammed Ali , Ulku Eyup Emre , Yildiz Kazim
Published: October 2024

Detailed literature search and writing is very important for the success of long research projects, publications and theses. Search engines provide significant convenience in research processes. However, conducting a comprehensive and systematic research on the web requires a long working process. In order to make literature searches effective, simple and comprehensive, various libraries and development tools have been created and made available. By using these development tools, research processes that may take days can be reduced to hours or even minutes. Literature review is not only necessary for academic studies, but it is a process that should be used and performed in every field where new approaches are adopted. Literature review is a process that gives us important ideas about whether similar studies have been conducted before, which methods have been used before and what has not been addressed in previous studies. It is also of great importance in terms of preventing possible copyright problems in future studies. The main purpose of this study is to propose an application that will facilitate, speed up and increase the efficiency of literature searches. In existing systems, literature searches are performed by browsing search sites or various article sites one by one and using the search tools provided by these sites. It is simple to use, allows the entire World Wide Web environment to be searched, and provides the user with the search findings. In this study, we have implemented an application that allows the crawling of the entire World Wide Web environment, is very simple to use, and quickly presents the crawl findings to the user.
Efecto de las condiciones lumínicas ambientales en el crecimiento del coral Orbicella faveolata en el Caribe mexicano
Authors: Lorenzo-Jiménez Yasmin , Gutiérrez-Estrada Gabriela , Carricart-Ganivet Juan P , Tortolero-Langarica JJ Adolfo
Published: October 2024

Los corales masivos del género Orbicella son organismos clave que ayudan a mantener la estructura física de los arrecifes de coral del Caribe. Sin embargo, estos arrecifes están actualmente amenazados por los cambios ambientales, como el aumento de nutrientes y la contaminación, los cuales afectan las características ópticas del agua de mar y, en consecuencia, limitan su desarrollo. Por lo tanto, analizar la respuesta de las especies de coral en relación a su crecimiento ante cambios en los ambientes lumínicos nos puede ayudar a mejorar las estrategias de mitigación y conservación para los arrecifes de coral. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del cambio en las condiciones lumínicas ambientales sobre la tasa de crecimiento de Orbicella faveolata mediante la comparación de fragmentos trasplantados de 9 m a 3 m de profundidad y fragmentos de control que se trasplantaron bajo la misma condición lumínica (3 m). Los fragmentos en ambos tratamientos mostraron crecimiento similar (16-23%), así como valores comparables de la extensión y del diámetro. La tasa de crecimiento anual para los fragmentos control y los fragmentos del tratamiento de trasplante fue de 1.04 ± 0.18 cm·año–1 y 1.11 ± 0.23 cm·año–1, respectivamente. Los resultados de este estudio revelan que O. faveolata puede aclimatarse fisiológicamente a nuevas condiciones lumínicas ambientales tras ser trasplantado desde un ambiente profundo a uno somero en un periodo corto (1-9 meses). Esto sugiere un gran potencial para el uso de O. faveolata en estrategias de restauración y programas de manejo que pretenden mantener las poblaciones y la estructura física de los arrecifes de coral en la región del Caribe.
Rare earth elements: the history of discovery, mineral resource base, features of the geological structure of various genetic types
Authors: Boguslavskiy М. А.
Published: October 2024

The article shows the history of the discovery of all rare earth elements. Their importance for the global economy and the situation with the world mineral resource base and situation in Russia are shown. Examples of large and unique deposits of various genetic types in Russia and the world are given. The geology characteristic of the occurrence of various geological and industrial types of deposits is briefly described, as well as the mineralogical features of different types of ores and the influence of genetic types on the proportion of light and heavy rare earth elements in minerals and ores.
Magnetic Field Sensor Network for Pipeline Monitoring Systems
Authors: Ovuolelolo Okorodudu Franklin , Chukwuweike Omede Gracious , Osekirere Onaodowan Paul
Published: October 2024

The oil pipeline industry has seen a rise in criminal activities recently. More than $133b is estimated to be lost globally as a result of the activities of cartels, organized crime members and small-time vandals to oil pipelines. To steal petroleum products from a pipeline, criminals must first drill into the pipeline, (cold or hot tapping) and subsequently weld a new weld piece or screw in an orifice to the pipeline, through which the petroleum product is diverted from the pipeline to another storage. These have crippled the ecosystem, human lives lost and a wide range of poverty in the economy which has motivated this paper to find a lasting solution to the problem at hand. This work employed a magnetic field sensor detector for early detection and petroleum monitoring which is caused by vandals and corrosion that leads to spillage, it will significantly improve productivity, safe lives, improve agricultural products and the ecosystem. The sensor network detects acts of vandalism or corrosion and triggers real-time alert message to the operators for actions to be taken, to prevent wide spread of the substance by specifying the spot location of the incidence where the corrosion or spillage took place.
Formulation and Quality Analysis of Yoghurts Fortified with Mentha spicata, Moringa oleifera, and Murraya koenigii Leaf Extracts
Authors: M.K Anjali , L Malashree , Y.K Anushree
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of incorporating Mentha spicata (mint), Moringa oleifera (moringa), and Murraya koenigii (curry) leaf extracts into yoghurt to enhance its nutritional and therapeutic benefits. The study assessed the sensory, physicochemical, microbiological, and antibacterial properties of the fortified yoghurts along with control. Among the four yoghurt samples, curry leaf extract-fortified yoghurt has the fastest setting time (4.5 h), highest protein content (3.42%) and lowest syneresis (8%) and was the most preferred in sensory analysis, excelling in color, texture, and overall acceptability (p=0.05). It also showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. All yoghurt samples were found to be safe for consumption. The incorporation of leaf extracts significantly improved the growth of lactic acid bacteria, sensory qualities and functional benefits of yoghurt, making them promising ingredients for developing health-promoting beverages. However, there is a need for optimization when using these extracts to reduce its adverse taste effects, particularly at higher concentrations.
Seed Morphology and Tetrazolium Quick Seed Viability Test of Malabar Neem (Melia dubia Cav.) Under Laboratory Condition
Authors: Dhaka Ravindra Kumar , Chauhan Nivedita , Negi Chaman Lal , Thakur Naresh , Brahmi M. K.
Published: October 2024

Melia dubia Cav. commonly known as Malabar Neem, is an economically important fast-growing indigenous multipurpose tree species of India. It has a wide range of applications from medicinal utilities such as treating pain, fever, and infections, to agricultural and industrial uses viz., fodder, seed oil, resin, fuel wood, timber and its wood being utilized in the paper, matchbox, and plywood industries. Malabar Neem generally is distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions of India and introduced in many countries of South Africa, the Middle East, North and South America, Brazil, Bermuda, Argentina, Southern Europe, Southeast Australia, and Asia Pacific regions. Nevertheless, it is a most promising tree species which is highly suitable for agroforestry or farm forestry with a life cycle of 8 to 12 years that gaining economic importance both in domestic and global markets and plantations in degraded lands. Consequently, the demand of Melia seedlings among Indian farmers has been increased, however the poor seed viability and very low seed germination hampered the good quality nursery production and large-scale plantations. Before seed sowing in nursery, there is need to determine the actual seed viability and to know the required seed quantity of Melia to be sown in forest nursery. Therefore, the present research study was conducted at Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh of India to study the seed morphology and seed viability testing protocol using tetrazolium (TZ) test. The seeds of Melia species stained with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 % solution of TZ and incubated at 30°C temperature for 24 hours. The tetrazolium test performed with 100 seeds in 4 replications in CRD design and analyzed with OPSTAT statistical software. The length, width and weight of fruit, drupe and seed were recorded in the range of 9.40-12.97 mm, 6.55-9.70 mm & 2.84-2.99 g; 5.84-14.32 mm, 2.76-9.72 mm & 1.672-1.798 g; and 1.2-1.98 mm, 1.02-2.98 mm & 3.12-3.74 g, respectively. The colour of fruit was yellow with oval shape having smooth surface. The result of TZ test showed that the seeds of Malabar Neem soaked in 0.5 % tetrazolium solution at 30 °C temperature for 24 hours found to be the highest seed viability percentage (40.25 %) which is recommended as a quick seed viability protocol in M. dubia. Overall, the results of the present research study fulfilled all the gaps to test quick seed viability of a seed lot before seed sowing in nursery for accurate knowledge of the seed requirement in quantity for the purpose of quality seedling production in nursery.
Spatial Distribution and Disease Incidence of Guava Wilt Village Survey Across Prayagraj and Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Mandal Akash , Lal Abhilasha A.
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive roving survey was conducted in the Prayagraj and Kaushambi districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, both prominent guava-producing regions. The survey, which included 30 villages, revealed widespread guava wilt with incidence rates ranging from 19.04% to 37.93%, averaging 30.19% across the region. Three forms of wilt these are quick, slow, and partial were identified. Kaushambi district had a higher incidence rate (31.56%) compared to Prayagraj district (28.82%). Indarapur village in Kaushambi recorded the highest wilt incidence (37.93%). The survey also found that 66.67% of farmers lacked formal training in guava cultivation, contributing to poor disease management. Guava wilt was most prevalent in older orchards (10+ years) and primarily affected the Allahabad Safeda variety, which had the highest wilt incidence (33.64%). In contrast, the Pant Prabhat variety exhibited the lowest wilt incidence (22.95%). The causal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii, was isolated from diseased plants. Three fungal isolates displayed variations in colony morphology, growth, and sporulation. Microconidia were non-septate and kidney-shaped, while macroconidia were thin- walled and typically 2-3 septate. Two isolates also produced chlamydospores. This study highlights the need for enhanced farmer training and the potential for cultivating wilt-tolerant varieties to mitigate the spread of the disease in the region.
Liquid‐bridge flow in the channel of helical string and its application to gas–liquid contacting process
Authors: Cong Haifeng , Zhao Zhenyu , Li Xingang , Li Hong , Gao Xin
Published: April 2018

To solve the problems of the traditional packings, such as high pressure drop, mal‐distribution and short liquid residence time, a helical flow structured packings was proposed. Two different flow patterns, liquid‐bridge flow and liquid‐drop flow were identified when the width of the channel of the helical string was adjusted. Moreover, the characteristics of the helical liquid‐bridge flow including maximum liquid loading, mean thickness of liquid film, mean residence time and effective specific surface area, were examined. And the separation efficiency was studied by the lab‐scale distillation column. In comparison, the effective specific surface area of the helical flow type packings is almost as large as the traditional B1‐350Y structured packings, but with thinner liquid film, longer liquid residence time and finally higher separation efficiency. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3360–3368, 2018
Lewis‐Basen‐freie Oxophosphoniumionen: variable, trigonal‐planare Lewis‐Säuren
Authors: Wünsche Marius A. , Witteler Tim , Dielmann Fabian
Published: April 2018

Oxophosphoniumionen (R2P=O)+ sind faszinierende chemische Intermediate, die mit den bekannten Acyliumkationen (RC=O)+ verwandt sind. Sie bestehen aus einem dreifach koordinierten Phosphor(V)‐Zentrum mit einer Phosphor‐Sauerstoff‐Doppelbindung. Hier wird die Synthese zweier Oxophosphoniumionen vorgestellt, die durch sterisch anspruchsvolle Imidazolin‐2‐imin‐ und Imidazolidin‐2‐olefin‐Substituenten am Phosphorzentrum stabilisiert sind. Diese neuen Verbindungen wurden durch NMR‐Spektroskopie und Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert, und die Bindungssituation wurde mittels DFT‐Rechnungen untersucht. Die Bestimmung der Akzeptornummer und der Fluoridionenaffinität zeigte, dass die Wahl der Substituenten starken Einfluss auf die Elektrophilie des Phosphorzentrums hat. Darüber hinaus wurden die Bildung von Lewis‐Base‐Addukten mit Pyridinderivaten sowie die Reaktivität gegen Isopropylalkohol untersucht.
International Council Report: Strengthening AWWA's Global Connections
Authors:   AWWA International Council
Published: April 2018

This report from the AWWA International Council summarizes activities in some of the countries in which the council is pursuing stronger relationships and opportunities for information exchange.
On the effectiveness of virtual reality in the education of software engineering
Authors: Akbulut Akhan , Catal Cagatay , Yıldız Burak
Published: April 2018

The popularity of virtual reality headsets have been rapidly increasing. With this technology, students can efficiently interact with the course content and learn the material faster than the traditional methodologies. In addition to this benefit, virtual reality devices also draw the attention of young generation and this helps to the widespread use of this technology among students. In this study, we investigate the use of virtual reality on the performance of computer engineering bachelor science (BS) students within the scope of Data Structures course and develop a software‐intensive system called “Virtual Reality Enhanced Interactive Teaching Environment” (VR‐ENITE). Specifically, we focus on the sorting algorithms such as selection sort, bubble sort, insertions sort, and merge sort which are relatively hard to be understood by the BS students at first glance. For the evaluation of VR‐ENITE, students were divided into two groups: a group which uses VR‐ENITE in addition to the traditional teaching material and the control group which utilizes from only the traditional material. In order to evaluate the performance of these two groups having 36 students in total, a multiple choice exam was delivered to all of them. According to the test results, students who used the VR‐ENITE system got 12% more successful results in average than the students who are in the control group. This study experimentally shows that VR‐ENITE which is based on virtual reality technology is effective for teaching software engineering courses and it has assistive capabilities for traditional teaching approaches.
Using RegulonDB, the Escherichia coli K‐12 Gene Regulatory Transcriptional Network Database
Authors: Salgado Heladia , Martínez‐Flores Irma , Bustamante Víctor H. , Alquicira‐Hernández Kevin , García‐Sotelo Jair S. , García‐Alonso Delfino , Collado‐Vides Julio
Published: April 2018

In RegulonDB, for over 25 years, we have been gathering knowledge by manual curation from original scientific literature on the regulation of transcription initiation and genome organization in transcription units of the Escherichia coli K‐12 genome. This unit describes six basic protocols that can serve as a guiding introduction to the main content of the current version (v9.4) of this electronic resource. These protocols include general navigation as well as searching for specific objects such as genes, gene products, transcription units, promoters, transcription factors, coexpression, and genetic sensory response units or GENSOR Units. In these protocols, the user will find an initial introduction to the concepts pertinent to the protocol, the content obtained when performing the given navigation, and the necessary resources for carrying out the protocol. This easy‐to‐follow presentation should help anyone interested in quickly seeing all that is currently offered in RegulonDB, including position weight matrices of transcription factors, coexpression values based on published microarrays, and the GENSOR Units unique to RegulonDB that offer regulatory mechanisms in the context of their signals and metabolic consequences. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
EMDB Web Resources
Authors: Abbott Sanja , Iudin Andrii , Korir Paul K. , Somasundharam Sriram , Patwardhan Ardan
Published: April 2018

The Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB) is a global, openly accessible archive of biomolecular and cellular 3‐D reconstructions derived from electron microscopy (EM) data. EMBL‐EBI develops Web‐based resources to facilitate the reuse of EMDB data. Here we provide protocols for how these resources can be used for searching EMDB, visualizing EMDB structures, statistically analyzing EMDB content, and checking the validity of EMDB structures. Protocols for searching include quick link categories from the main page, links to latest entries released during the weekly cycle, filtered browsing of the entire archive, and a form‐based search. For visualization, the ‘volume slicer’ enables slices of EMDB entries to be visualized interactively and in three orthogonal directions. The EMstats Web service provides up‐to‐date interactive statistical charts analyzing EMDB. All EMDB entries have ‘Visual Analysis’ pages that provide basic validation information for the entry. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.