bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relation of hydrological pulse to sediment stratigraphy in the Ayapel Flood Plain Lake, Colombia
Authors: Rúa Alex , Palacio Baena Jaime , Flórez Molina María Teresa
Published: September 2023

The hydrological pulse and matter transfer between tributaries and wetlands link terrestrial and rheotrophic environments. The water-sediment interaction on  multidecadal  scale  within  wetlands  of  Colombian  Atlantic  savannahs  remains   greatly   unknown.   This   study   stratigraphically   correlated   nine   sediment cores (13-30 cm) spanning ca. 110-600 years BP from the Ayapel Flood  Plain  Lake  (AFPL).  These  correlations  framed  (i)  zones  of  high  anthropogenic  pressure,  (ii)  main  hydrodynamics,  and  (iii)  organic  matter  (OM) contributions. More than 84% out of the 150 km2-extension of the AFPL was  comprised  of  oxic  mineral  sediment  that  is  object  to  early  diagenesis.  In contrast, methanogenesis was evinced by reduced sediment of anaerobic strata  in  adjacent  marshes.  The  intensity  of  the  hydrological  pulse  matched  the stratified deposit of the rhizome from Eichhornia crassipes. Whereas sand and gravel were deposited under turbulent flow near the Quebradona tributary, clayish silt deposited at pelagic zones and sandy silt at waterways. The wind drag on the shallow-water surface enhanced resuspension and transport of the sediment that was originally contributed by fluvial inputs. Thus, relatively slow net sedimentation rates were proposed at Quebradona’s mouth (ca. 0.15 cm a-1), channels (ca. 0.1 cm a-1) and temporal marshes (ca. 0.05 cm a-1). In addition, the sediment of the AFPL exported the degradation products of the OM to the lower reaches of the San Jorge River and the atmosphere.
comparative study between Piecewise-Linear and Point-Based methodologies for galvanometer mirror systems
Authors: Jiménez-Fernández Victor Manuel , Cerecedo-Núñez Héctor H. , Padilla-Sosa Patricia , Beltrán-Parrazal Luis , Vazquez-Leal Hector , Filobello-Niño Uriel
Published: September 2023

Galvanometer mirror systems are a fundamental tool used in many research fields to deploy curves over virtually any surface. Even though the point-based methodology is the current standard used to achieve this task, it has the shortcoming of using a format of coordinates (expressed as a massive list of points) to represent the curve to be displayed, requiring large memory arrays. An alternative methodology is the so-called Piecewise-Linear which representation format is based on the use of a mathematical Piecewise-Linear formulation where the curves to be drawn are treated as a parametric system composed of two positional equations,  X and  Y, related to each other by an artificial parameter \mu. In comparison against the point-based method, Piecewise-Linear exhibits attractive advantages such as: memory saving and improved sharpness for projected curves.
Preliminary
Authors: García Aristizábal Edwin Fabián
Published: September 2023

Revista Facultad de Ingeniería is a journal that started its official publication in 1984. Since then, it is aimed to contribute to the diffusion of knowledge within the national and international academic community throughout the publication of high-quality research results. The Journal focuses on original works which mainly include experimental studies, numerical analyses, case studies, and bibbliographic reviews  that provide a significant contribution to engineering and technology areas in all disciplines (Electronic, Electrical, Computer Science, Mechanic, Chemical, Environmental, Materials, Sanitary, Civil, Telecommunications, Industrial Engineering, and Bioengineering).
Influence of inoculum on growth and retention of the biomass in anaerobic filters
Authors: Torres-Lozada Patricia , Pérez-Vidal Andrea
Published: September 2023

In this study we evaluated, on bench scale, two anaerobic filters of equal configuration and using coconut shell as support material, for the treatment of the wastewater generated in cassava’s starch extraction process. Considering that in the study area the inoculum available in enough quantity is cow manure, this inoculum was used alone (Reactor 1) and mixed with granular sludge in a ratio of 1:1 (Reactor 2). The influence of inoculum was evaluated in the performance of the anaerobic filters as well as in the biomass adaptation to the substrate and the prevalent growth on support material. Both reactors showed potential for the treatment of this type of wastewater, with a Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 12 hours, an average Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of 7.0 kg COD/m3*d and a Buffer Index (BI) that varied from 0.20 to 0.35. The increase up to 50% in the Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) at the end of the start-up in both reactors, confirmed the adequate biomass adaptation to the substrate as a result of the control of buffer capacity, and the higher values in the R2, showed that cow manure mixed with granular sludge improved methane production and process efficiency. It was found that the occluded biomass had greater activity than the attached one; this showed that the support material allowed the development of a greater proportion of active biomass within the interstices.
Preliminary
Authors: Gómez Botero Maryory Astrid , Palacio Tobón Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2023

For ages, men have used writing to preserve and spread knowledge, which has allowed that generations and complete epochs have been able to be discovered and rediscovered by scientists, scholars, and researchers from all subsequent times. Scientific publications are “the machine of the time” that make the dialogue of sciences among different periods possible.
Socio-Psychological Predictors of Indigenous and Minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East Students' Adaptation to College (on the Example of Organizations of Secondary Vocational Education)
Authors: Baeva I.A. , Miklyaeva A.V. , Pezhemskaya J.S. , Khoroshikh V.V.
Published: September 2023

The paper presents the results of studying the resources of academic, socio-cultural and psychological adaptation of students representing indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East to college. The sample consisted of 720 students, of which 304 people (58% girls) identify themselves as representatives of the indigenous peoples of the North and the Far East. The collection of empirical data was carried out using questionnaires (Scale of academic motivation; Questionnaire of online and offline coping; The Child and Youth Resilience Measure; Types of ethnic identity questionnaire; Scales of Psychological problems of adolescents; Methodology psychological safety of the educational environment). The adaptability of students was studied using the Scale of Socio-Cultural Adaptation; Self-assessment scales of satisfaction with various aspects of life; author's questionnaire. Regression analysis revealed invariant predictors (emotional attitude towards college, satisfaction with the educational environment of the college, adaptation to the amount of homework in the educational process) only for academic adaptation. Indicators of introjected learning motivation are also significant for predicting the success of academic adaptation of students representing the Indigenous Minorities and the Far East. The predictor of socio-cultural adaptation for the students representing the North, Siberia and the Far East nations is the level of ethno-egoism. Coping strategies and the size of the settlement predict the psychological adaptation this group students. The results obtained can contribute to the optimization of the process of socio-psychological adaptation of students-representatives the Indigenous Minorities to study in colleges.
Age Differences in Perceptions of the Future from Adolescence to Adulthood
Authors: Shilova N.P.
Published: September 2023

The study is aimed at studying ideas about the future. The materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample (N=1538) aged 14 to 28 years are presented. We use the method of I.S. Cohn "I am in 5 years" and the method of unfinished sentences Zh. Nyutten. The results obtained make it possible to say that there is a certain sequence in the formation of the image of the future: teenagers see the future as something that will "happen" to them, boys/girls form goals and ideas about a happy family, then form connections of their capabilities with time, and young people through the idea of future professional activity realize the image of their family and your personality. There is evidence that teenagers consider the future within their social institution, boys and girls build their future based on the next stage of social life, and young people perceive the future as a continuation of the present
Psychological Well-Being of Teachers of Preschool Educational Institutions in Russia
Authors: Volkova E.N. , Isaeva O.M. , Kornienko D.S. , Semenov Y.I.
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of studying the features of psychological well-being of preschool educators of the Russian Federation using the PERMA-Profiler questionnaire adapted for the Russian-speaking sample by O.M. Isayeva, A.Yu. Akimova, E.N. Volkova. The study involved 2135 preschool teachers from 79 regions of 8 federal districts of the Russian Federation. The results of the study showed that teachers have a higher overall level of psychological well-being than in the main Russian sample, as well as higher values of the severity of the components of psychological well-being: "positive emotions", "relationships" with other people, "involvement" in activities, "meaning" and "achievements". The stratification variables associated with the psychological well-being of preschool educators are the characteristics of age, work experience in a certain position, the qualification category of the employee, marital status, the presence of children. The level of education and place of residence do not directly affect the level of psychological well-being.
The Concept and Types of Liability in Russian Civil Law
Authors: Ochkurenko S. V. , Rotan V. G.
Published: September 2023

The paper describes the results of the study of the concept of liability under the civil law of Russia as it is reflected in the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The authors proceed from the fact that such an approach to the study of civil law phenomena, including liability, is constructive, since the phenomena under examination are investigated first in the context of de lege lata, and then in the context of de lege ferenda. Research in the aspect of de lege lata involves identification of the legislator’s understanding of the content of the category of liability under civil law that is expressed in the current civil legislation. It is emphasized that the interpretation of liability in the aspect of de lege lata can be used in the interpretation and application of current legislation. The understanding of liability expressed in the legislation should be mainly used in the interpretation of the truth before the purely theoretically cognizable essence of responsibility under civil law, and the theoretical essence of responsibility should be taken into account when making amendments and additions to the current legislation. The paper critically assesses the tendency to cumulate liability measures by introducing such new types of liability as fair compensation (Article 65.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) and compensation for damage (Article 16.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The authors criticize the attempts of the judiciary to legalize such a type of liability as compensation for causing reputational damage to legal entities through its own practice (and not through the legislative process). The authors conclude that it is possible to distinguish between liability measures and other civil law methods provided for by the current legislation of the Russian Federation, which does not exclude the need for its further improvement both in terms of the development of general provisions and in relation to the regulation of individual civil liability measures
Moral Damage Compensation to Victims of Crimes in the Context of Contradictions Existing between Higher Courts
Authors: Goncharova V. A.
Published: September 2023

The issues of applying the rules for moral damage compensation as a way to protect the rights of victims of crimes are traditionally among the most controversial. The problems of establishing the grounds for compensation, as well as determining its size, corresponding to the degree of fault of the offender, the nature of the victim’s suffering and other noteworthy circumstances, throughout the validity of the norms of the updated Civil Code of the Russian Federation, attracted the attention of not only representatives of civil doctrine, but also of higher judicial instances. In most cases, the conclusions formulated by the latter were in full compliance with the norms of civil legislation, they did not contradict each other and in their entirety ensured uniformity in the application of provisions on compensation for moral damage and due protection of the rights of injured citizens. However, an analysis of the acts of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts issued over the past two years indicate that there are significant contradictions in their approaches to determining the grounds for the admissibility of compensation and the specifics of its application, which is increasingly reflected in regional and appellate judicial practice. Thus, in contradiction with the established positions of the Supreme Court are the provisions formulated by the Constitutional Court in Resolution No. 45‑P of 26.10.2021, where the latter, in essence, defined the presumption of moral suffering in a person when the crime against him is committed, as well as in Resolution No. 7‑P of 02.03.2023, where the Constitutional Court provided for the possibility of compensation of moral harm in favor of a person who, by definition, is not able to bear these sufferings — a child who was not born at the time of his parent’s death. Such a narrative, of course, cannot be evaluated positively and needs a thorough doctrinal assessment.
Russian Classical Literature in Search of Harmony between Morality and Law
Authors: Kornev A. V.
Published: September 2023

The paper deals with the problem of the correlation of law, morality and morals in a number of works of Russian classical literature. It is shown that this problem is characteristic of Russian literature, which is unconditionally recognized as one of the highest achievements of world literature. The peculiarity of Russian and then Soviet literature is that it pays increased attention to the inner world of a person, the motives of their behavior. This is how the phenomenon that has been called the «Russian psychological novel» arose. Russian writers have repeatedly raised the problem of the discrepancy between the content of laws and generally accepted ideas about morals, especially morality. The paper talks about the continuity of Soviet and Russian literature, which was often denied both in domestic and foreign literary studies. Sociological, philosophical, and often legal problems were initially raised in the literature. And only then they became the subject of discussion in special branches of knowledge. Many pre-revolutionary jurists have established themselves as writers. Such examples took place in the Soviet period. The discrepancy between moral and legal assessments remains one of the urgent problems. The author justifies his belief that literature should educate. Without morality, the law loses its value, as Russian writers have repeatedly drawn attention to. The return of the habit of reading classical (and not only) literature, which will make it possible to regain the status of the most reading country of the world, will resolve the conflict of law and morality; the author proves a similar position in the framework of this paper.
«Godel’s Undecidable Proposition» and the Problems of Machine Readable Law
Authors: Gavrilov S. N.
Published: September 2023

The relevance of machine readable law, the significance of which is confirmed by both the general trend and the need to consider law in the context of the development of information technologies, and the adoption of significant legal acts, including the Concept of the Development of machine readable law technologies, implies the need to form an appropriate theoretical basis and develop methodological support for relevant processes. The general problem of the «methodological insufficiency» of ensuring the processes of digital transformation of law, as well as the relevance of the development of machine reading technologies of law, predetermine the need to address, among other things, the results and achievements of natural science knowledge.The paper analyzes the correctness of the transfer of K.Godel’s conclusions in their gnoseological (epistemological) context to the legal field. Considering law as an object of machine reading in the context of «Godel’s undecidable proposition» and based on Godel’s conclusion about the inability of the system to describe itself by its own means (to prove its consistency), the author concludes that the «supra-legal» basis is culture, and law itself is seen in the system hierarchy: culture--law--legislation.It is proposed to consider the machine reading of law in the context of a semiotic paradigm, based on the widest possible coverage of sign systems reflecting the diversity of regulatory systems, and not limited only to religion, morality, ethics, law and legislation, but referring to culture as a «mega-source of a sign set» reflecting a whole complex of regulatory systems. Based on the analysis of K. Godel’s conclusions, as well as the principles of «complementarity» by N. Bohr and «uncertainty» by V. Heisenberg in their gnoseological (epistemological) aspect, a number of conclusions are drawn. These can be significant both for the methodological basis of machine reading of law and the law and for the problems of legal understanding and legal perception in general. In particular, it is concluded that of high importance is the topic of the transformation of scientific disputes on theories of legal understanding into the process of complementarity of such theories in order to achieve a state of their constructive contradiction (contradictority).
Profile of a disabled person with HIV/AIDS 18 years and older from the standpoint of the International Classification of Functioning
Authors: Ugleva Elena M.
Published: September 2023

The spread of HIV infection continues not only in the Russian Federation, but throughout the world. With the onset of secondary lesions in HIV infection, patients develop persistent dysfunctions of various organs and body systems, leading to a limitation in the main categories. The International Classification of Functioning and Disabilities and Health ICF, as a tool for describing the life of an individual, is gradually being introduced into medical practice, most often used to assess the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process. By now HIV infection/AIDS does not have a basic comprehensive description in terms of the ICF. The authors, in the article, provide an analysis of the existing problems from the standpoint of the ICF in patients and disabled people with HIV infection/AIDS. As a result of the analysis, the authors propose a set of domains that correspond to the most common disorders in patients and disabled people with HIV infection and characterize limitations in daily activities (self-service and domestic life) and in the main areas of life (education, work and employment).
Seguridade Social: Benefício de Prestação Continuada e Desafios Pós-Pandêmicos
Authors: Blum Ariane Maria
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho tem por escopo as mudanças realizadas na lei orgânica da assistência social, que modificaram o acesso ao benefício de prestação continuada. Inicia-se discorrendo sobre a seguridade social como ferramenta estatal na garantia de direitos mínimos aos indivíduos, instrumentalizada pela constituição federal de 1988 e que comporta os serviços de saúde, previdência e assistência social. Demonstrar-se-á como a evolução da seguridade social está intrinsicamente ligada a evolução do próprio ser humano como ser social, partindo do ponto em que o amparo aos vulneráveis era considerado papel da família tão somente, até o momento em que o estado assumo tal responsabilidade. Ainda, como a seguridade social é operacionalizada no brasil, como é financiada, qual órgão responsável pelos pagamentos dos benefícios e de que forma o cidadão pode ter acesso aos serviços levando em consideração o atual momento de pandemia. Faz-se necessário ainda, questionar a efetividade das mudanças realizadas na lei que regulamenta o acesso ao BPC diante do quadro de crise econômica agravado pelas recentes mudanças das relações trabalhistas/previdenciárias e pela pandemia de COVID-19.
Palavras-chave: seguridade Social. Benefício. COVID-19 AbstractThe present work has as its scope the changes made in the Organic Law of Social Assistance, which have modified the access to the continued benefit. It begins by discussing social security as a state tool for guaranteeing minimum rights for individuals, which was made possible by the 1988 Federal Constitution and includes health, welfare, and social assistance services. It will be shown how the evolution of social security is intrinsically linked to the evolution of the human being as a social being, starting from the point in which the support of the vulnerable was considered the role of the family only, until the moment in which the state assumes such responsibility. Still, how social security is operationalized in Brazil, how it is financed, which agency is responsible for the payment of the benefits, and how the citizen can have access to the services taking into consideration the current pandemic moment. It is also necessary to question the effectiveness of the changes made in the law that regulates access to BPC in the face of the economic crisis, aggravated by recent changes in labor/social security relations and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Social Security. Benefit. COVID-19
O Direito de Propriedade como Origem de Desigualdade à Luz de Rousseau e do Código Civil
Authors: Araújo Sarah da Silva
Published: September 2023

Este artigo é um recorte do trabalho de conclusão de curso da autora e tem como objetivo apresentar o pensamento de Jean-Jacques Rousseau a respeito do direito de propriedade. No decorrer do texto, fica claro que o filósofo trata a propriedade privada como uma forma de desigualdade entre os homens, e nesse sentido o Código Civil vem tutelar esse direito. Assim, inicialmente é apresentado as ideias do filósofo, em seguida o direito de propriedade, e por último uma reflexão sobre o direito de propriedade à luz de Rousseau e do Código. A metodologia foi realizada exclusivamente por meio de material bibliográfico, apresentando diversos nomes de autores da filosofia e do direito que contribuíram para compreender a legitimação que o Código Civil dá ao direito de propriedade, confirmando assim a tese de Rousseau, que trata tal direito como uma fonte de desigualdade entre os homens.
Palavras-chave: Rousseau. Código Civil. Direito de Propriedade. Desigualdade.
AbstractThis article is a clipping from the term paper of the author and aims to present the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau about the right of property. Throughout the text, it is clear that the philosopher treats private property as a form of inequality between men and on this way, the Civil Code comes to protect this right. Thus, first is presented the ideas of the philosopher, then the right of property, and finally a reflection on the right of property of Rousseau's light and the Civil Code. The methodology was carried out exclusively through bibliographic material, presenting several names of authors of philosophy and law that contributed to understand the legitimacy that the Civil Code gives to the property right, thus confirming the thesis of Rousseau, who treats this right as an inequality among men.
Keywords: Rousseau. Civil Code. Right of Property. Inequality.
The Effect of Classroom Rank on Learning throughout Elementary School: Experimental Evidence from Ecuador
Authors: Carneiro Pedro , Cruz-Aguayo Yyannu , Salvati Francesca , Schady Norbert
Published: September 2023

We study the impact on learning of a child's rank in the classroom using a unique experiment from Ecuador. Within each school, students were randomly assigned to classrooms in every grade between kindergarten and 6th grade. Therefore, two students with the same ability can have different classroom ranks because of the (random) peer composition of their classroom. To isolate the impact of rank from other peer influences we include classroom fixed effects. Children with higher classroom rank at the beginning of the academic year have significantly higher math test scores at the end of that grade. Classroom rank in math, not language, drives our results. The impact of classroom math rank is larger for younger children, and grows substantially over time. Exogenous changes in classroom rank in math also improve executive function, child happiness, and teacher perceptions of student ability.
Factors Affecting the Early Maturation of Arteriovenous Fistulae Created at a Tertiary Centre in Oman
Authors: Al Hashmi Sheikha , Al Hudar Shouq , Stephen Edwin , Al Riyami Dawood , Al Maawali Hanan , Abdelhady Ibrahim , Al Wahaibi Khalifa , Rizvi Syed
Published: September 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the failure of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) maturation. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018 in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman. Patients were followed-up 3 months after surgery, and their electronic medical records were accessed for demographic and clinical data. Univariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with early AVF maturation and multivariant analysis was used to determine the predictive factors for AVF failure. Results: A total of 269 patients were included. Female gender was a significant factor affecting AVF maturity (P = 0.049), while age (P = 0.626), diabetes (P = 0.954), hypertension (P = 0.378), dyslipidaemia (P = 0.907), coronary artery disease (P = 0.576), cerebrovascular accident (P = 0.864), congestive heart failure (P = 0.685), previous central venous catheterisation (P = 0.05), fistula type (P = 0.863) and fistula site (P = 0.861) did not affect AVF maturation. Binary logistic regression showed that all the risk factors were insignificant. Failure of early AVF maturation affected 11.5% in the cohort. Conclusion: This study found that the proportion of early AVF maturation at our hospital is at par with that in the international literature. Failure of AVF maturation was significantly associated with the female gender. These findings can help nephrologists and vascular surgeons prognosticate AVF maturation rates. However, a larger study is needed for definitive conclusions.
Keywords: End Stage Renal Disease; Arteriovenous Fistula; Dialysis; Outcome.
Tension Subdural Hygroma Following Resection of Posterior Fossa Tumour in a Child
Authors: Pillai Mahesh K , Kariyattil Rajeev , Chhabra Rajesh , Govindaraju Venkatesh , Kottoorazhikam Koshy K
Published: September 2023

Persistent hydrocephalus is common in children after resection of posterior fossa tumours. However, occurrence of subdural hygroma is very rare. We report the case of a 14-month-old child who presented at a paediatric neurology clinic in Muscat, Oman in 2021 who developed a tense subdural hygroma with stable hydrocephalus, in the early postoperative period, following posterior fossa tumour resection. We describe the distinctive clinical, radiological and pathological features associated with the development of a tense subdural hygroma. We also discuss the management by cerebrospinal fluid diversion, which includes either a ventriculoperitoneal or subduroperitoneal shunt. This unique condition is distinguished from external hydrocephalus by features that are critical to the management strategy.
Keywords: Child; Posterior Fossa Tumour; Postoperative Period; Hydrocephalus; Subdural Hygroma.
Managing the Adverse Events Associated with Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib Therapy in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Zribi Aref , Al Riyami Khulood , Al Zahibi Hajar S , Burney Ikram A
Published: September 2023

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological cancer. The combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab has exhibited efficacy as the second line treatment for advanced EC, with a significant benefit in terms of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival, but the adverse events (AE) profile is complex. AEs associated with the treatment may represent a limitation to this combination. Here, we report the case of a 38-year-old female patient diagnosed with stage IV EC elsewhere, whose disease progressed after the first line of treatment and was referred to a specialised cacncer centre in Muscat, Oman, in 2021. We treated her with the combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab. During the course of the treatment, she developed hand-foot syndrome grade III and hypothyroidism grade II. The AEs were managed with supportive medications, dose interruptions, dose reductions and multidisciplinary care, which allowed the continuation of the treatment. The patient achieved a good partial response and an ongoing PFS of more than 12 months.
Keywords: Cancer; Endometrial Cancer; Lenvatinib; Pembrolizumab; Adverse Drug Events; Hand-Foot Syndrome; Hypothyroidism; Oman.
On a New Method of Quasi-static and Dynamic Analysis of Viscoelastic Plate on Elastic Foundation
Authors: TEKİN Gülçin , KADIOĞLU Fethi
Published: September 2023

In the present work, an alternative solution technique based on mixed finite element (MFE) formulation in the Laplace-Carson domain is proposed for quasi-static and dynamic analyses of viscoelastic plate (VEP) resting on an elastic foundation (EF). This work contributed a numerical solution to the problem of a viscoelastic Kirchhoff plate supported on a Winkler foundation. VEP-EF interaction problems are taken into account under different wave-type loadings. The viscoelastic material behavior of the plate is modeled by the Zener rheological solid model. A four-nodded linear isoparametric element containing sixteen degrees of freedom is used to model the VEP. Developed functional in the Laplace-Carson domain based on the Gâteaux differential method is transformed to the real time domain by utilizing the Dubner and Abate (D&A) inverse Laplace transform technique (ILTT). To evaluate the applicability of the results, five numerical samples are considered. Further analyzes are performed on different wave type loadings to offer a new perspective on the time-dependent behavior of VEP on EF.
Effect of Different Mouthwashes on Stain Susceptibility of Resin Composite in Contact with Beverages
Authors: Valizadeh Haghi Haleh , Molaee Shadieh , Oliyanasab Parinaz , Isazadehfar Khatereh
Published: September 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of common mouthwashes on the color change of a nanohybrid composite and its further stain susceptibility to Coke and coffee.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty composite discs were prepared and initial color values were measured using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were grouped based on the 24h exposure to common mouthwashes including Listerine, chlorhexidine, two types of fluoride mouthwashes (alcohol free and alcohol containing) as well as distilled water as control (N=30). The color change (ΔE1) values were calculated to show the amount of color change caused by mouthwashes. Subsequently, the specimens in each group were subdivided and immersed in the secondary colorant solution (coffee, Coke and, distilled water) for seven days. The total color change (ΔE total) values were obtained to show the stain susceptibility. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The calculated ΔE1 of resin composite was significantly higher for all mouthwash groups than that of the control group; however, all were in the clinically acceptable range. Exposure to Listerine and distilled water caused more staining effects compared to other mouthwashes after immersion in secondary colorant solutions. Regardless of primary mouthwash type, coffee and distilled water caused the highest and the least total discolorations, respectively (P<0.001).
Conclusion: All mouthwashes caused a clinically acceptable color change in resin composite; however, further stain susceptibility depended on the mouthwashes but was not higher than distilled water.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of General Practitioners regarding Oral Cancer in Tehran
Authors: Zarei Fatemeh , Sargeran Katayoun , Razavian Zeinabsadat
Published: September 2023

Background: General practitioners (GPs) are the primary examiners of patients suspected of oral cavity cancer. The present study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of general practitioners regarding oral cancer in Tehran.
Methods: A 17-item questionnaire was applied to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of general practitioners in this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study, in 2019. The questionnaires were completed by 154 GPs participating in different medical congresses. Data were analyzed with a linear regression model using SPSS-25. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Of 154 GPs, 44.8% were female   with a mean age of 44.5 ± 13.3, mean clinical experience of 14.6 ± 11.6 years, and mean time of 16.9 ± 12.1 years elapsed from graduation. Age, sex, and marital status had no significant association with knowledge, attitude, and practice; however, the time elapsed from graduation had a significant indirect association with knowledge (p = 0.04), and mean clinical experience had a significant direct association with attitude towards oral cancer (p = 0.04).
Conclusion: Educational interventions are required to improve the GPs’ knowledge and practice to improve the early diagnosis and prevention of oral cancer.
Economic Advantages of Domestic Production of Biosimilar Medicines in Iran
Authors: Yousfi Nazila , Azadmehr Behniya , Hashemi Seyyed Ali , Khameneh Mohammadhossein Motevali , Peiravian Farzad
Published: September 2023

Background: Biosimilars can be considered generic versions of branded biologic medicines. Substituting branded biologic medicines with biosimilars is important to reduce medication costs. In addition to reducing drug costs, the domestic production of biosimilars can provide many other economic benefits. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the economic benefits of producing biosimilar medicines in Iran.
Methods: This study was done in 2021 through 2 qualitative and quantitative steps. In the first step, after literature review, the interview guide was designed and semi-structured interviews with experts continued until reaching the saturation point, after interviewing 9 experts from different fields (imports, production, and policy making). The data were coded and analyzed by thematic analysis using MaxQDA software and the economic benefits of producing the biosimilars in Iran were extracted. In the quantitative step, the price advantage of producing domestic biosimilars was analyzed as one of their most important economic advantages compared to its equivalent in reference countries. In addition, the same comparison was done for the main imported branded medicines.
Results: From the experts’ viewpoints, the most important economic effect of the domestic production of biosimilars was the reduction of medication costs through access to lower-priced medicines. The employment of professionals, development of new technologies, expansion of the pharmaceutical market, the reduction of foreign currency outflows, increased affordability and access to drugs, and ultimately the improvement of the health level of the society were the other economic aspects of these medicines. In the quantitative step, after comparing the prices of 23 domestic biosimilars with the prices of the equivalent medicines in reference countries, the prices of 21 medicines were lower than the average prices of equivalent biosimilars and the prices of 18 medicines were even lower than the minimum price of the equivalent biosimilars in the reference countries. In addition, the production of these drugs in the country is indirectly effective in reducing the price of the main branded drugs in the country, so that in the case of imported branded biologic medicines, out of 28 medicines, the prices of 26 medicines were lower than the average prices in the reference countries and the prices of 23 medicines were even lower than the minimum of prices in the reference countries.                                                                                                                  
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the domestic production of biosimilar medicines in Iran, in addition to increasing access to biological drugs and promoting public health, provides many economic benefits, including saving drug costs.
Self-Medication and Its Relevant Factors in Students of Yazd Medical Sciences
Authors: Shafiei Milad , Dorri Zoha , Madadizadeh Farzan , Ranjbar Mohammad , Heidary Behrooz , Ameri Hosein
Published: September 2023

Background: Self-medication is one of the main socioeconomic and health problems in different societies and irrational drug consumption can sometimes lead to unfavorable outcomes and even death. The present study has been performed to investigate self-medication and its relevant factors in students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd.
Methods: This analytical study investigate 300 students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Using Cochran's formula in Yazd (2020). The samples were selected by stratified sampling proportional to the strata size and the data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire from Gholipoor etal's article (2012) and analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean ± SD and multiple response analysis (MRA), chi-square and binary logistic regression. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS 20 (α=0.05).
Results: The total self-medication rate was estimated 39%. The most common causes of self-medication among the students were the experience of the disease (50.4%) and considering the disease non-risky (47.0%).The most common self-medication case was cold (53.0%) and the most common way of supplying the drug for self-medication was purchasing from drugstores (52.1%).The results of multiple logistic regression showed that the only variable having a significant effect on the probability of self-medication was income (p = 0.02); odds of self-medication in students with an average income of 20-30 million Rials was about twice as high as students with an income of more than 30 million Rials (p = 0.02, OR = 1.8).
Conclusion: Self-medication is not a safe habit and it can cause complications such as drug interaction, addiction, drug poisoning, concealment of the disease and in general, health risks. Meanwhile, the students’ attitude towards self-medication can affect the behavior of their future patients. So, it is suggested to inform students in this area.
Dimensions and Socio-Economic and Environmental Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Health and Well-Being: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yoshari Parisa , Ghorbani Elahe , Nasiri Elahe , Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim
Published: September 2023

Background: In addition to being responsible for the death and infection of millions of people around the world, COVID-19 also created a range of social, economic, environmental, and mental health challenges. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating various dimensions, challenges, and effects of the pandemic in the aforementioned areas.
Methods: The present scoping review was conducted in 2022. All published articles in the field of aforementioned dimensions were searched from the beginning of 2020 to the end of April 2022. Searches were made in English language databases including Medline through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and also manual search in Persian language databases including SID and Magiran. After reviewing gray and manual texts, finally 84 final articles were selected. The data were analyzed and classified using the content analysis method using the "framework of structural and intermediate determinants of health" of the World Health Organization.
Results: Cases such as the reduction of the gross national product, the imbalance of supply and demand, the urgent need to strengthen social protection systems, the increase in inequality, the reduction of the social rights of women and children, and the reduction of access to health services are among structural factors and cases such as tourism damages, decrease in mental well-being, increase in irritability, anger and tension, fear of COVID-19 in the elderly and exposure to the spectrum of mental problems were among the intermediate determinant factors that have led to direct and indirect effects on the justice, health, and well-being of societies.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent actions of the governments, such as nationwide quarantines and the creation of numerous restrictions, have led to a wide range of social, economic and environmental effects on societies. Countries need effective and extensive measures in determinant factors to get rid of the negative effects of the spread of this disease on the health and well-being of people in the long run.
Análise epidemiológica das notificações de hepatite B no município de Goiânia-GO, Brasil: um projeto de intervenção e prevenção
Authors: Carvalho Oliveira Leonardo , Barbosa Caetano Leticia , Santos Luana Rodrigues Neves dos , Martins Okada Leticia , Vilges de Oliveira Stefan
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de Hepatite B (HB) no município de Goiânia e propor intervenções que reduzam a incidência da doença. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo epidemiológico transversal, que avaliou o perfil epidemiológico de HB através de dados obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), referentes ao município de Goiânia-GO, no período de 2016 a 2020. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma revisão sistematizada sobre o tema na base bibliográfica Pubmed, a fim de subsidiar a elaboração de propostas de intervenção. Resultados: A partir do levantamento de dados, percebeu-se o predomínio de HB em homens (61,3%) e na faixa etária 20-59 anos (83%); além de um percentual de 85,7% de fichas preenchidas como “ignorado/branco” em relação às fontes ou mecanismos de infecção. As intervenções abordaram diagnóstico, profilaxia e, principalmente, o conhecimento da população sobre vacinação e formas de transmissão da doença. Discussão: Ao considerar a epidemiologia avaliada e a revisão das ações relacionadas à doença, percebeu-se a necessidade de uma intervenção no município associada à disseminação de informação em saúde, a rastreio sorológico, a vacinação da população e a medidas profiláticas. Conclusão: Com base nos dados epidemiológicos sobre HB em Goiânia e a revisão sistematizada, nota-se, além de capacitação para o aprimoramento do preenchimento de fichas de notificação, a necessidade de um programa municipal de HB na cidade para diminuição de casos e morbidade associados à doença.
Análise físico-química e nutricional de farinha à base de coprodutos da abóbora (Cucurbita moschata)
Authors: Soares Tiago , Veloso de Moura Ligianara , Lima Castro Abreu Laís , Do Nascimento Silva Jurandy , Almeida de Paula Gabriela , Regina Arcanjo Medeiros Stella , Alves Pereira Freire Joilane
Published: September 2023

Coprodutos como a casca e semente da abóbora são resíduos agroindustriais geralmente dispensados pelas indústrias processadoras de vegetais. Pesquisas atuais demonstram relevância de farinhas com alto teor de nutrientes, significativamente superior à polpa provindas de coprodutos. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar caraterísticas de composição centesimal, nutricional e antioxidante de farinhas advindas de coprodutos de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata). Determinou-se teores de umidade, cinza, pH, proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos, amido danificado, compostos fenólicos, flavonoides, capacidade antioxidante total (CAOT) por redução do fosfomolibdênio e capacidade sequestrante do radical 1,1-difenil-2- picrihidrazil (DPPH). Todas as farinhas apresentaram teor de umidade semelhantes e em consonância ao estipulado pela ANVISA. Os resultados in vitro expressam uma maior quantidade de cinzas, proteínas e lipídeos na Farinha da Semente de Abóbora (FSA) em relação as Farinha da Casca de Abóbora (FCA) e Farinha da Polpa de Abóbora (FPA), em contrapartida as FCA e FPA apresentaram maiores teores de carboidratos e a FPA obteve um relevante teor amido danificado em relação as demais farinhas. A FCA apresentou maior teor de fenólicos totais em todas as concentrações, em relação aos teores de flavonoides a FSA foi superior às demais na concentração de 1% e menor que FCA+FSA em 5%. As FCA obtiveram maior CAOT nas concentrações em todas as concentrações e em 10% os resultados foram semelhantes para FCA e FCA+FSA. Os extratos da FCA e FSA apresentaram maior capacidade sequestrante do radical DPPH na contração de 5% e a menor ação antioxidante foi apresentada pela FSA em todas as concentrações do extrato. As farinhas apresentaram elevado teor de cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos e carboidratos, além de potencial antioxidante relevante, podendo contribuir para a redução do estresse oxidativo causado por radicais livres e sugere-se que seu uso como ingrediente alimentício é uma possibilidade interessante visto a alternativa de agregar valor ao resíduo.
Paraoksonaz 1 gen polimorfizmleri (Q192r ve L55m) ve koroner yavaş akımla ilişkisi
Authors: AKGÜN Arzu , YAVUZKIR M. , AKBULUT Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Koroner yavaş akım (KYA), opak maddenin yavaş ilerlemesi ile karakterize anjiyografik bir antitedir ve aynı zamanda ve aterosklerozun erken bir göstergesi olduğu düşünülmektedir. İnsan paraoksonazı 1 (PON1), yüksek yoğunluklu lipoproteini (HDL) ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoproteini (LDL) oksidatif modifikasyonlardan korur. Paraoksonaz 1'in işleyişini etkileyen iki amino asit polimorfizmi (192Q/R ve 55L/M) vardır. PON1 iki genetik polimorfizmi ve koroner yavaş akım ile ilişkisini belirlemeyi amaçlıyoruz. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla çalışmamız PON1 gen polimorfizmleri (L55M ve Q192R) ile KYA ilişkisini değerlendiren ilk çalışmadır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya toplam 100 hasta dahil edildi ve normal koroner akım (NKA) ve KYA olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrıldı. rs854560 ve rs662 polimorfizmlerinin genomik dizileri polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu kullanılarak belirlendi. Araştırma protokolü Fırat Üniversitesi Kurumsal İnceleme Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Onay No:16).

Bulgular: Koroner yavaş akım grubunun yaş ortalaması 45,4±17 ve NKA grubunun 50,5±11 idi. Q ve R alellerini taşıma sıklığı açısından istatistiksel olarak fark vardı. Dual genotipler için, QQLM genotipi KYA grubunda daha yaygınken, QRLM genotipi NKA'de daha yaygındı. QQLM, RRLL, RRLM ve QRLM genotiplerine sahip hastalar ile sağlıklı bireyler arasında anlamlı fark bulundu.

Sonuçlar: Q aleli ile QQLM genotipi ve KYA arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulduk ve bunların KYA için risk faktörleri olabileceğini düşündük. Ayrıca R aleli ile QRLM, RRLL ve RRLM genotiplerinin NKA grubunda daha yüksek olması ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunması bunların KYA için koruyucu faktörler olabileceğini düşündürdü.