bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prophetic Leadership in the Development of Religious Culture in Modern Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Sidiq Umar , ‘Uyun Qurrotul
Published: October 2019

Prophetic leadership is prophetic leadership. The main aim of the prophetic task is to teach humans how to get happiness and safety, both in this world and the hereafter. This study is to describe and analyze 1) Prophetic leadership strategies in the development of religious culture in Boarding school Modern Arrisalah Gundik Slahung Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. 2) Supporting and inhibiting factors in the application of prophetic leadership in Boarding school Gundik Slahung Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. 3) The results of the implementation of prophetic leadership in the development of religious culture at Boarding school Modern Arrisalah Gundik Slahung Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. The concept of prophetic leadership that is understood by the leaders of Boarding school Modern Arrisalah is simply by imitating the Prophet Muhammad. Following the capacity of humanity. Generally, prophetic leadership is done by emulating four characteristics of the Prophet. He is honest in everything, including conveying his knowledge honestly, correctly and can be tested for its source. He mandated his leadership, did what he ordered for all the clerics and his students; he also never renounced his leadership. He tabligh, conveyed everything that he had so far for the benefit of the cleric and his students. He is intelligent in all aspects of behaviour and mind, so now he is the idol of the students.Kepemimpinan profetik adalah kepemimpinan yang bersifat kenabian. Tujuan utama dari tugas kenabian ialah untuk mengajarkan kepada manusia bagaimana cara mendapat kebahagiaan dan keselamatan, baik di dunia maupun akhirat. Kajian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tentang 1) Strategi prophetic leadership dalam pengembangan budaya religius di Pesantren Modern Arrisalah Gundik Slahung Ponorogo, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. 2) Faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam penerapan prophetic leaership di Pesantren Modern Gundik Slahung Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. 3) Hasil penerapan prophetic leadership dalam pengembangan budaya religius di Pesantren Modern Arrisalah Gundik Slahung Ponorogo, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Konsep prophetic leadership yang dipahami oleh pimpinan Pesantren Modern Arrisalah secara sederhana ialah dengan meneladani Nabi Muhammad Saw. sesuai dengan kapasitas umat manusia. Umumnya prophetic leadership dilakukan dengan meneladani empat sifat Nabi. Beliau jujur dalam segala hal termasuk menyampaikan ilmu dengan jujur, benar dan bisa diuji sumbernya. Beliau amanah terhadap kepemimpinannya, melakukan apa yang beliau perintahkan untuk semua ustadz dan para santrinya, beliau juga tak pernah ingkar terhadap kepemimpinannya. Beliau tabligh, menyampaikan segala sesuatu yang beliau dapat selama ini untuk kemaslahatan ustadz dan para santri-santrinya. Beliau cerdas dalam segala aspek perilaku dan pikiran, sehingga sampai sejauh ini beliau adalah idola para santri.
Non-Governmental Childcare Centres in a Neoliberal Environment: the Case of Lithuania
Authors: Tamutienė Ilona
Published: October 2019

The article examines how nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working with children from poor and socially excluded families operate in the neoliberal environment. The case of non-governmental school-age childcare centres (SACCs) in Lithuania was analysed. SACCs provide social services to children from poor and socially excluded families. The study is based on 62 qualitative interviews with experts working in non-governmental SACCs. Results indicate that financial support from ministry and municipalities enables SACCs to survive. From the perspective of SACCs it has been observed that government uses new public management tools in a modern fashion to transfer the responsibility onto the shoulders of non-governmental SACCs, while the government reduces its contribution to symbolic financial support and the request for accountability. The current government–NGOs relationship, based on neoliberal ideology and new public managements tools, has negative consequences and does not ensure social services for socially excluded target groups, especially in a country with a sizable welfare gap.
Freedoms and Rights Versus Public Morals: Notes on Constitutional Practice in Poland
Authors: Lis-Staranowicz Dorota , Guzewicz Wojciech
Published: October 2019

This article does not to seek a universal answer to the question of what morality or public morals are; rather it focuses on the issue of morality as grounds for limiting constitutional rights and freedoms. We narrow the problem to constitutional practice, and in particular to the judgments of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, which settles disputes centered around the freedom of humans and public morals. Public morals as grounds for limiting personal rights or liberties rarely appear on the Constitutional Tribunal’s docket. The Constitutional Tribunal does not conduct philosophical, moralistic or ethical discussions in search of the meaning of public morals. Judges tend to apply the concept in an intuitive manner. We argue that they limit it to a folk understanding, which may be explained as follows: do good and avoid evil. Judges assign meaning to the public morals clause by referring to their own experiences or seek insight into morality in public opinion polls, which may not be a reliable source of knowledge about what is good and what is evil (the primacy of the “will of the majority”). Two difficult cases await the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal. Each of them concerns major ethical and moral dilemmas. The first one relates to eugenic abortion, which is legal in Poland under certain conditions, while the second one involves the relationships of homosexual couples, which are not currently subject to legalization. The Constitutional Tribunal is not ready to solve these cases, making uses of public morality as grounds for limiting constitutional rights and freedoms.
Photosynthetic light reactions in Oryza sativa L. under Cd stress: Influence of iron, calcium, and zinc supplements
Authors: Sebastian Abin , Prasad M. N. V.
Published: October 2019

Some mineral nutrients may help to alleviate cadmium stress in plants. Therefore, influence of Fe, Ca, and Zn supplements on photosynthesis light reactions under Cd stress studied in two Indian rice cultivars namely, MO-16 and MTU-7029 respectively. Exogenous application of both Fe and Ca ions helped to uphold quantum efficiency and linear electron transport during Cd stress. Also, recovery of biomass noticed during Cd treatment with Fe and Ca supplements. It was found that accumulation of carotenoids as well as non photochemical quenching enhances with Fe, Ca, and Zn supplements. Chlorophyll a/b ratio increased with Cd accumulation as a strategy to increase light harvest. Lipid peroxidation level was ascertained the highest during Cd plus Zn treatments. Above results point that both Fe and Ca ions supplements help to alleviate Cd stress on photosynthesis light reactions of rice plants.
Current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) in European pigs
Authors: Antas Marta , Woźniakowski Grzegorz
Published: October 2019

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious and devastating enteric disease of pigs caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Alphacoronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family. The disease is clinically similar to other forms of porcine gastroenteritis. Pigs are the only known host of the disease, and the occurrence of PED in wild boars is unknown. The virus causes acute diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality in suckling piglets reaching 100%. Heavy economic losses in the pig-farming industry were sustained in the USA between 2013 and 2015 when PEDV spread very quickly and resulted in epidemics. The loss in the US pig industry has been estimated at almost seven million pigs. The purpose of this review is a description of the current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in European pigs and the risk presented by the introduction of PEDV to Poland in comparison to the epidemics in the USA.
Anti-CyHV-3 effect of fluorescent, tricyclic derivative of acyclovir 6-(4-MeOPh)-TACV in vitro
Authors: Troszok Agnieszka , Kolek Ludmiła , Szczygieł Joanna , Ostrowski Tomasz , Adamek Mikołaj , Irnazarow Ilgiz
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a virus infecting carp with disease symptoms of gill necrosis, fish discoloration, sunken eyes, and mortality reaching 90%. Several research groups have examined how to potentially abate the consequences of viral activity. Recently we showed that acyclovir inhibits CyHV-3 replication in vitro and in the present study we examined the anti-CyHV-3 activity of the tricyclic derivative of acyclovir 6-(4-MeOPh)-TACV (T-ACV), a fluorescent molecule known for higher lipophilicity than acyclovir, and therefore potentially better candidate for application in vivo.

Material and Methods

CCB and KF1 cell lines were incubated with T-ACV at concentrations of 0, 66.67, and 133.33 μM for three days and toxicity examined with MTT and CV assays. To investigate the antiviral activity of T-ACV, the lines were infected with CyHV-3 or mock infected and incubated for three days with the drug at concentrations of 0 or 66.67 μM. The activity of T-ACV was evaluated by plaque assay and TaqMan qPCR.

Results

T-ACV at a concentration of 66.67 μM displayed low toxicity and inhibited CyHV-3 activity by 13–29%, varying by cell line and method.

Conclusion

The low anti-CyHV-3 activity of T-ACV indicates that it would be reasonable to screen several tricyclic derivatives of acyclovir for such activity.
Wetland water quality assessment in cold and dry regions (Case study: Choghakhor wetland, Iran)
Authors: Dorche Eisa Ebrahimi , Fathi Pejman , Ofogh Alireza Esmaeili
Published: October 2019

Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world. They provide numerous beneficial services for people and wildlife. The most important services are improving water quality and wildlife habitats. The complex, dynamic relationships between the organisms inhabiting the wetland environment are called food webs. Both water quality and high levels of nutrients are crucial for improvement of the food web. Many bird species rely on wetlands for food, water and shelter, especially during migration and breeding. The water quality of Choghakhor Wetland was evaluated from April 2010 to March 2011, by measuring some physicochemical parameters and doing benthic macroinvertebrate analysis. Sampling was done in 3 replicates with alternation of 45 days. The resolute was divided into more than 25 identified macroinvertebrate families which belonged to 5 classes and 12 orders. The correlation between biological indices and water quality parameters showed that bioindicators and community indices could be used for the evaluation of water quality in this wetland. The water quality of Choghakhor Wetland was classified as average or in the severe pollution class, according to these indices. It can be concluded that bird migration is at risk due to the decline in the overall health of the Choghakhor Wetland ecosystem.
The Evaluation of Cohesion in the Sports Groups within a Romanian City
Authors: Rusu Oana
Published: October 2019

We propose to conduct an analysis, by studying the influences exercised by certain variables (the biological gender, the ranking and the sociomotor space) on the level of cohesion among the sports teams in the municipality of Iaşi, Romania, evolving in the first leagues. A questionnaire was conducted on a number of 158 athletes (55 females, 103 males) who practice basketball, soccer, handball, rugby, volleyball. The responders answered the questionnaire regarding the group environment (GEQ). Factor analysis groups the items on two factors at the level of the Romanian subjects. The homogeneity of the instrument was evaluated for the entire scale, as well as independently for each of the two factors. The gender variable does not influence the level of social cohesion and the one of task cohesion among the sports teams taken into account. The ranking does not influence task cohesion among the teams studied. Both the ranking and the level of sociomotor space, as independent variables, determine significant differences regarding the level of social cohesion among the teams studied. The sociomotor space variable determines at the level of the teams sportive studied significant differences also regarding task cohesion.
Why not nursing? Perceptions of the nursing job by young people of high schools – preliminary study
Authors: Leńczuk-Gruba Anna , Idzik Anna , Dziedzic Beata
Published: October 2019

Aim. The work aimed at evaluating the interest in learning nursing profession among students of high schools.

Material and methods. The research comprised a group of 307 students from high schools. The research has been conducted between January - April 2018. The methods used were the diagnostic survey method. The self-construction questionnaire and the-questionnaire - List of Personal Values by Z. Juczyński were also used.

Results. The willingness to start learning the profession of a field nurse has been declared only by 2 persons. 13% of students considered nursing studies as a substitute field of study. The factors that discourage the young to learn the profession include low remuneration, specificity of the profession that implies “dirty and difficult work”, low social esteem for the profession, The students, who more often identify the profession of a nurse as prestigious, declared interest in learning that profession (p<0,001).

Conclusions. Interest in the profession of a field nurse is very low. It is necessary to start promoting the profession in order to make the young perceive it as more attractive.
Knowledge and attitudes of Subcarpathian Province's inhabitants towards organ transplantation
Authors: Moskal-Szybka Małgorzata , Borek Justyna
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Transplantation (from Latin transplantare – transplant and plantare – plant), also called organ transplantation, is a safe, effective, and in some cases the only available treatment method giving hope for recovery for patients with end-stage organ failure (such as failure of heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, pancreas). It involves replacement of a diseased organ or tissue with healthy one obtained from another person. It is a specific treatment that requires social acceptance. Despite the efforts being made by the Polish transplantation community, low public awareness and lack of knowledge on organ donation are still significant barriers to the development of transplantation program in Poland [1].

Objective. Recognition of knowledge and attitudes of Subcarpathian Province’s inhabitants towards organ transplantation.

Material and methods. The survey conducted in 2018 included 187 inhabitants of urban and rural areas of the Subcarpathian Province with non-medical background. A method of diagnostic survey with a questionnaire was used. The research tool was a proprietary questionnaire containing mostly single-choice questions. The questions in the survey were closed-ended.

Results and conclusons. The level of knowledge of most respondents (56.9% of the respondents from urban areas and 57.4% of the respondents from rural areas) was moderate. High level of knowledge was presented by fewer respondents: 34.7% of those from urban areas and 31.3% of those from rural areas. Low level of knowledge was reported by 8.3% and 11.3% of the respondents from urban and rural areas, respectively. No significant differences in knowledge of organ transplantation were seen between the respondents from urban and rural areas. The results of this research show insufficient knowledge concerning organ transplantation in the surveyed population. Most respondents declare their willingness to donate organs when needed. Both our research presented in this paper and reports by other authors suggest the need for educating the public in order to encourage broad social acceptance for transplant medicine.
From Human Body Digitization to Internet of Bodies toward a New Dimension of Military Operations
Authors: Popescu Vasile Florin
Published: October 2019

Digitization of the human body, philosophically said, - the “mating” with technology, represents the fusion of electronic technology with the human biology, which reduces the barriers of physical, digital and biological life. “The Internet of bodies”, that is the imminent development of the field of digitization of the human body on a large scale, is the inevitable future of technology at this moment. Instead of devices connected to the Internet as in Internet of Things (IoT), human bodies can be connected to a network, with the potential to be controlled and monitored remotely. The Internet of bodies is from the author’s point of view the future of technology, but this future is not so far away.
Docencia Universitaria: un nuevo enfoque
Authors: Galeano Luz Inés , C. de Iriarte Diana Patricia
Published: October 2019

Hacia el siglo cuarto antes de Cristo, Aristóteles caracterizó la función docente al decir que la mente del alumno era una “tabula rasa” y que el papel del maestro no era otro que el de llenarla, haciendo que los alumnos memorizaran los contenidos que éste exponía en su cátedra magistral. Los temas de las asignaturas eran seleccionados por él con el criterio de su autoridad. Este punto de vista determinó una actitud pasiva del alumno frente a los distintos campos del conocimiento y caracterizó a la educación como dogmática, autoritaria y acrítica donde se mitificaba al maestro creyéndole el sabedor infalible del conocimiento.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Melokhanine E via an Intramolecular Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Pierce Joshua , Cholewczynski Anna , Williams Peyton
Published: October 2019

A convergent sequence to access the indole alkaloid melokhanine E in 12-steps (8-step longest linear sequence) and an 11% overall yield is reported. The approach utilizes two cyclopropane moieties as reactive precursors to a 1,3-dipole and imine species to enable stereoselective construction of the core scaffold through a formal [3+2] cycloaddition. The natural product was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity based on isolation reports; however, no activity was observed. The reported efforts serve as a synthetic platform to prepare an array of alkaloids bearing this core structural motif.
Voltage Imaging with a NIR-Absorbing Phosphine Oxide Rhodamine Voltage Reporter
Authors: Gonzalez Monica , Walker Alison , Cao Kevin , Lazzari-Dean Julia , Settineri Nick , Kong Eui Ju , Kramer Richard , Miller Evan
Published: October 2019

Near infrared (NIR) fluorophores may hold the key for non-invasive optical imaging of deep structures in intact organisms with high spatial and temporal resolution. Yet, developing fluorescent dyes that emit and absorb light at wavelengths greater than 700 nm and that respond to biochemical and biophysical events in living systems remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and application of NIR-absorbing and -emitting, sulfonated, phosphine-oxide (po) rhodamines for voltage imaging in thick tissue from the central nervous system. We find po-rhodamine based voltage reporters, or poRhoVRs, display NIR excitation and emission profiles at greater than 700 nm, show best-in class voltage sensitivity (up to 43% ΔF/F per 100 mV in HEK cells), and can be combined with existing optical sensors, like Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent proteins (GCaMP), and actuators, like light-activated opsins ChannelRhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Simultaneous voltage and Ca2+ imaging reveals differences in activity dynamics in rat hippocampal neurons, and pairing poRhoVR with blue-light based ChR2 affords all-optical electrophysiology. In ex vivo retinas isolated from a mouse model of retinal degeneration, poRhoVR, together with GCaMP-based Ca2+ imaging and traditional multi-electrode array (MEA) recording, can provide a comprehensive physiological activity profile of neuronal activity. Taken together, these experiments establish that poRhoVR will open new horizons in optical interrogation of cellular and neuronal physiology in intact systems.
Toward More Effectiveness of Communicative Behavior: Listening Input Acquisition
Authors: Hua Rong
Published: October 2019

Listening and speaking are crucial communicative skills. It goes without saying that, under normal circumstances, almost two-thirds of our daily language use is spent on listening and speaking. However, a quite number of students have not yet been provided with the opportunity to acquire listening and speaking appropriately in China, so that there are still a considerable number of students, even university graduates, who are not satisfied with their oral English skills, especially their listening abilities. Therefore, this study attempts to focus on investigating and analyzing the effectiveness and practicality of English listening behavior in English learning. In order to effectively teach and learn, different groups of people should also have relatively appropriate and efficient learning behaviors, so as to enhance the awareness and ability of language input acquisition.
Analysis of Communication Strategies in the New Media Age
Authors: Wang Qi , Liang Meili , Zhao Qi
Published: October 2019

This paper explores how enterprises respond to changes in consumers and make corresponding adjustments in communication strategies in the new media age. The cases of Jiang Xiaobai and Netease Cloud are selected for the present analysis, providing suggestions for communication strategies in the new media age.
Структурные, электронные свойства и особенности химической связи в слоистых 1111-оксиарсенидах LaRhAsO и LaIrAsO: Ab initio моделирование
Authors: Банников В.В. , Шеин И.Р.
Published: October 2019

По результатам ab initio моделирования электронного строения слоистых 1111-окси­арсенидов LaRhAsO и LaIrAsO выполнено сравнительное исследование их структурных, электронных свойств, топологии поверхности Ферми, а также особенностей химической связи. Показано, что для LaIrAsO, немагнитного металла, ожидается слабая чувствительность как к электронному, так и дырочному допированию, однако Rh-содержащая фаза должна характеризоваться слабым зонным магнетизмом, а дырочное допирование, в свою очередь, может приводить к ее переходу в немагнитное состояние. Данное об­стоятельство позволяет рассматривать оксиарсенид LaRhAsO как возможный «электронный» аналог соединения LaFeAsO — базисной фазы для слоистых FeAs-сверхпро­водников.
Структурные особенности соединения включения на основе комплекса транс-[Co(en)2Cl2]+ и кукурбит[8]урила: исследование методом функционала плотности
Authors: Гришаева Т.Н. , Маслий А.Н. , Кузнецов А.М.
Published: October 2019

В рамках теории функционала плотности проведено изучение структурных особенностей соединения включения на основе комплекса кобальта(III) транс-[Co(en)2Cl2]+ и макроцикла кукурбит[8]урила. Показана роль молекул воды в фиксации комплекса в полости макроцикла с образованием той или иной структуры. Сопоставлены основные структурные характеристики супрамолекул транс-[Co(en)2Cl2]+⋅nН2О@CB[8], полученные из квантово-химических расчетов, с известными данными РСА. Оценены термодинамические параметры образования соединения включения.
Кристаллографический анализ полиморфных модификаций SiO2
Authors: Борисов С.В. , Первухина Н.В. , Магарилл С.А.
Published: October 2019

Выполнен кристаллографический анализ шести фаз SiO2: α-кварца, β-тридимита, α- и β-кристобалита, коэсита и стишовита. Показано влияние локальной симметрии SiO4-тетраэдров на симметрию фаз, тяготеющих либо к высокосимметричному кубическому β-кристобалиту, либо к гексагональному β-тридимиту. Рассчитаны параметры катионных, анионных и совместных псевдотрансляционных подрешеток, характеризующих атомные конфигурации структур и их индивидуальные особенности. Рассмотрена относительная стабильность фаз.
Кристаллическая и электронная структура двойных молибдатов скандия и индия со структурой аллюодита
Authors: Суетин Д.В. , Бакланова Я.В. , Медведева Н.И. , Савина А.А. , Хайкина Е.Г. , Плетнева Е.Д. , Денисова Т.А.
Published: October 2019

Двойные молибдаты индия и скандия со структурой аллюодита получены методом твердофазного синтеза. Уточнена кристаллическая структура индийсодержащего соединения и определены оптические характеристики Na5R(MoO4)4, (R = Sc, In). В рамках неэмпирического метода изучена электронная структура молибдатов Na5R(MoO4)4, (R = Sc, In) с учетом позиционного разупорядочения Na/Sc(In). Расчеты мнимой части диэлектрической функции предсказывают величину оптической щели ~3.8 эВ, в соответствии с результатами, полученными из спектров поглощения. Установлена сильная зависимость энергии образования вакансий натрия от типа позиции и концентрации Sc(In), что может привести к различным механизмам диффузии в соединениях со структурой аллюодита с большим и малым содержанием металла R.
A systematic review of source attribution of human campylobacteriosis using multilocus sequence typing
Authors: Cody Alison J , Maiden Martin CJ , Strachan Norval JC , McCarthy Noel D
Published: October 2019

Background

Campylobacter is a leading global cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, motivating research to identify sources of human infection. Population genetic studies have been increasingly applied to this end, mainly using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data.

Objectives

This review aimed to summarise approaches and findings of these studies and identify best practice lessons for this form of genomic epidemiology.

Methods

We systematically reviewed publications using MLST data to attribute human disease isolates to source. Publications were from January 2001, when this type of approach began. Searched databases included Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed. Information on samples and isolate datasets used, as well as MLST schemes and attribution algorithms employed, was obtained. Main findings were extracted, as well as any results’ validation with subsequent correction for identified biases. Meta-analysis is not reported given high levels of heterogeneity.

Results

Of 2,109 studies retrieved worldwide, 25 were included, and poultry, specifically chickens, were identified as principal source of human infection. Ruminants (cattle or sheep) were consistently implicated in a substantial proportion of cases. Data sampling and analytical approaches varied, with five different attribution algorithms used. Validation such as self-attribution of isolates from known sources was reported in five publications. No publication reported adjustment for biases identified by validation.

Conclusions

Common gaps in validation and adjustment highlight opportunities to generate improved estimates in future genomic attribution studies. The consistency of chicken as the main source of human infection, across high income countries, and despite methodological variations, highlights the public health importance of this source.
Substantial prevalence of enteroparasites Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in asymptomatic schoolchildren in Madrid, Spain, November 2017 to June 2018
Authors: Reh Lucia , Muadica Aly Salimo , Köster Pamela Carolina , Balasegaram Sooria , Verlander Neville Q , Chércoles Esther Ruiz , Carmena David
Published: October 2019

Background

Protozoan enteroparasites Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis are major contributors to the burden of gastrointestinal illness in children globally, whereas the stramenopile Blastocystis species has been associated with irritable bowel syndrome and skin disorders.

Aim

To investigate the carriage of these parasites in voluntary asymptomatic schoolchildren (4‒14 years) in 12 different primary and secondary schools in Leganés (Madrid, Spain).

Methods

In a prospective cross-sectional study, stool samples and epidemiological questionnaires on demographics and potential risk factors were collected from participating schoolchildren. Detection of enteric parasites was conducted by PCR-based methods and confirmed by sequence analysis. We calculated prevalence and odds ratios (OR) with logistic regression.

Results

Stool samples and questionnaires were provided by 1,359 schoolchildren from 12 schools. The individual prevalence for any parasite was 28%; Blastocystis sp.: 13%; G. duodenalis: 18%; Cryptosporidium spp.: 1%. Two schoolchildren were infected with all three species and 53 with two species. Multivariable risk factor analysis using logistic regression models indicated that an existing infection with one parasite increased the odds for an additional infection with another parasite. The odds of Blastocystis sp. carriage increased up to the age of 10 years and being female increased the odds of Cryptosporidium spp. infection. Washing vegetables before preparing a meal was protective for Blastocystis sp. infection.

Conclusion

We detected a larger than expected proportion of asymptomatic cases in the participanting schoolchildren. Further investigation of asymptomatic children should be considered. Good hygiene measures should be encouraged for individuals of all ages to protect from protozoal infections.
Do texto ao hipertexto: reflexões acerca da leitura de jornais impressos e digitais na sala de aula
Authors: Silva Ana Luísa Soares da , Figueiredo Lílian kelly Almeida
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo discorre sobre texto, hipertexto e leitura. A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal compreender se as plataformas em que são veiculados os textos noticiosos interferem nas habilidades de leitura do leitor, bem como verificar quem lê melhor, se é o leitor de tela ou o leitor do impresso. Para tanto, elegemos o jornal impresso e o digital como suporte textual. Como estratégia, adotou-se o estudo de caso, através da análise sistemática de testes de compreensão aplicados para alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública estadual de Alagoas. Os resultados dessa investigação demonstraram que leitores habilidosos lerão bem diante de qualquer plataforma, seja impressa ou digital, desde que a leitura seja guiada por um objetivo. Palavras-chave: Texto - Hipertexto. Leitura. Jornais impressos e digitais.   ABSTRACT The article discusses text, hypertext and reading. The research has as main objective to understand if the platforms where the news texts are aired can interfere with reading skills of the reader, as well as verifying who reads better, the screen reader or the printed reader. Therefore, we chose printed newspaper and digital as textual support. As a strategy, we adopted the case study, through the systematic analysis of comprehension tests applied to students of the 3rd year of high school in a public school of Alagoas. The results of this investigation demonstrated that skilled readers will read well on any platform, whether printed or digital, since reading is guided by a goal. Keywords: Text - Hypertext. Reading. Newspapers printed and digital.
2019 AMCA Memorial Lecture Honoree: William Richard Opp 1942–20171 A Life Well Lived Helping Others
Authors: Patterson Gordon M.
Published: October 2019

Since 1979 more than 40 individuals have been recognized for their lifetime achievements in the AMCA Memorial Lecture. These individuals have included luminaries such as Carlos Finlay, Leland Osian Howard, William Herms, Andy Spielman, and, most recently, Fred Knapp (2018). Only one of these individuals recognized, Harold Gray in 1987, was an engineer. Engineers are problem solvers, and mosquito control is, most assuredly, an enterprise fraught with problems. Thus, the selection of William R. Opp as the 2019 honoree is both timely and well deserved. Bill Opp's career is a testament to an individual who made a difference in the lives of countless individuals.
If Crisis or War Comes: A Study of Risk Communication of Eight European Union Member States
Authors: Petridou Evangelia , Danielsson Erna , Olofsson Anna , Lundgren Minna , Große Christine
Published: October 2019

How do European Union (EU) member states communicate risks to their citizens? In this study, we define risk communication as the information provided by different levels of government to citizens regarding possible future crises to which the general public might be subjected. We seek to answer the following questions: Are there any patterns in the risk communication strategies among EU member states in terms of the sender of information, the message conveyed, the method used, and the intended audience? Finally, to what extent is the state involved in ensuring the safety of its citizens? To tackle these questions, we examine the risk communication strategy of eight countries: Sweden, Finland, Germany, England, France, Estonia, Greece, and Cyprus. Our data consist of governmental web sites, publications, campaigns, and other modes of communication, such as videos posted on YouTube, with questions centering on institutional actors, methods of delivery, content, and effectiveness. We find that the institutional architecture of risk communication aligns with the broad administrative system of each member state. Countries tend to focus on risks that are specific to their context, with Sweden and, to a lesser extent, Germany having a special focus on consequences and providing guidelines to the public on how to survive for a certain period of time in the absence of the state. Especially in Sweden, though the state is a salient actor in risk communication through the dissemination of information at the agency level, the state retreats while urging the resilient citizen to take control of his or her own crisis management.
Legal, Organizational and Methodological Challenges of Providing Forensic Support for Intellectual Property Protection
Authors: Rossinskaya E. R.
Published: October 2019

When examining legal, organizational and methodological issues of forensic expertise for the protection of intellectual property the most common forensic examinations are authorship investigation, computer forensic examination, phonoscopic, linguistic, engineering, patent examinations as well as examination of documents. Comparative analysis of the procedural status of an expert in various types of process and in the federal law “On State Forensic Expert Activities in the Russian Federation” is given. Specialist’s procedural position and the evidentiary value of the results of his participation in various types of proceedings in the cases of this category are analysed. Attention is paid to organizational and legal issues of conducting forensic examinations in non-state expert organizations. Based on the analysis of an array of expert opinions, specialists’ opinions and advice on issues related to intellectual property performed in more than 50 nongovernmental organizations positioning themselves as forensic and on monitoring of the websites of these organizations on the Internet, it has been established that the quality of opinions and consultations has little to do with the information provided on the sites. Scientists and specialists for whom forensic expert activity is not the primary one are often involved in conducting forensic examinations in these organizations. They do not know the basics of substantive and procedural law; they do not always realize the legal consequences of their opinions for the participants in court proceedings and exceed their competence. In context of a specific example typical mistakes in cases related to the protection of intellectual property often made by non-state experts are shown. Although the legislator declares the unity of the scientific and methodological approach to expert practice, professional training and the specialization of experts, these requirements often are not met. There is no unity of forensic expert techniques developed in different departments. For other participants in legal proceedings these techniques are practically inaccessible and their testing and implementation are still not often done at the interdepartmental level. The importance of the activities of the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 134 “Forensic examination” is emphasized.
The Significance of Professor Elena Rossinskaya’s Scientific School of Forensic Expertology for the Development of Forensic Science (in Celebration of the Scientist’s Milestone Birthday)
Authors: Galyashina E. I.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the contribution review of forensic expertology scientific school created at the Department of Forensic Expertise of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) under the leadership of professor E.R. Rossinskaya to the improvement of quality and efficiency of forensic activities. A brief biographical note is given which reflects the main milestones of the formation of the famous scientist and teacher, leader of the national forensic science and forensic expertise. The author concludes that the national scientific school of forensic expertology has received international recognition and world sounding largely due to the personal qualities of its leader – professor E.R. Rossinskaya, who is celebrating her milestone birthday this year.
Taking Their First Steps: The Distribution of New Teachers in School and Classroom Contexts and Implications for Teacher Effectiveness
Authors: Bruno Paul , Rabovsky Sarah J. , Strunk Katharine O.
Published: October 2019

Novice teachers’ professional contexts may have important implications for their effectiveness, development, and retention. However, due to data limitations, descriptions of these contexts are often unidimensional or vague. Using 10 years of administrative data from the Los Angeles Unified School District, we describe patterns of new teacher sorting using 24 context measures organized along three dimensions—intensity of instructional responsibilities, homophily, and colleagues’ qualifications—and use school-level survey data to measure a fourth dimension. professional culture. Relative to more experienced teachers, novice teachers have placements that are more challenging along the first three dimensions, and composite measures of the dimensions are differentially predictive of teachers’ outcomes. This suggests that policymakers should carefully consider placements to better support novice teachers.
Online Calibration of a Joint Model of Item Responses and Response Times in Computerized Adaptive Testing
Authors: Kang Hyeon-Ah , Zheng Yi , Chang Hua-Hua
Published: October 2019

With the widespread use of computers in modern assessment, online calibration has become increasingly popular as a way of replenishing an item pool. The present study discusses online calibration strategies for a joint model of responses and response times. The study proposes likelihood inference methods for item paramter estimation and evaluates their performance along with optimal sampling procedures. An extensive simulation study indicates that the proposed online calibration strategies perform well with relatively small samples (e.g., 500∼800 examinees). The analysis of estimated parameters suggests that response time information can be used to improve the recovery of the response model parameters. Among a number of sampling methods investigated, A-optimal sampling was found most advantageous when the item parameters were weakly correlated. When the parameters were strongly correlated, D-optimal sampling tended to achieve the most accurate parameter recovery. The study provides guidelines for deciding sampling design under a specific goal of online calibration given the characteristics of field-testing items.
Scoring Tests With Contaminated Response Vectors
Authors: Sakworawich Arnond , Wainer Howard
Published: October 2019

Test scoring models vary in their generality, some even adjust for examinees answering multiple-choice items correctly by accident (guessing), but no models, that we are aware of, automatically adjust an examinee’s score when there is internal evidence of cheating. In this study, we use a combination of jackknife technology with an adaptive robust estimator to reduce the bias in examinee scores due to contamination through events such as having access to some of the test items in advance of the test administration. We illustrate our methodology with a data set of test items we knew to have been divulged to a subset of the examinees.
The community of microorganisms of grey forest soil at application of liming and mineral fertilizers
Authors: Malinovskaya I.M. , Tkachenko M.A. , Chernish A.A. , Soroka A.P. , Pypchuk N.M.
Published: October 2019

The influence of agricultural practices (fertilizers, liming, plowing of biomass of green manure crops and by-products predecessor in crop rotation) on quantity and physiological and biochemical activity of buckwheat‘s root zone micro-organisms was investigated. It was found that application of mineral fertilizers leaded to the increase in a number of microorganisms of main ecological and trophic groups, as well as the physiological and biochemical activity of certain groups of microorganisms (ammonifiers , oligonitrophilic , denitrifying ), particularly in case of double dose of fertilizers  (N120P60K120). Liming on the background of mineral fertilizers and plowing of exogenous organic matter and without them, leads to a reduction of the quantity of physiological and biochemical activity of fosfatmobilising microorganisms cells because of the increased mobility of many elements at close to neutral pH. Optimization of the acid-alkaline balance of the soil solution had a positive effect on microbiological processes in the soil. Quantity of ammonification microorganisms is increased by 94.4%, mineral nitrogen immobilising microorganisms – by 40.9%, nitrifying microorganisms – by 82.5%, autochthonous microorganisms – by 112 %, actinomycetes – by 93.4%, the mobilizes of organophosphates – by 18.6%. Total quantity of microorganisms is increased by 43.1%.
The effect of agrochemical loading on the migration mobile phosphates in profile dark gray podzolized soil
Authors: Korsun S.G. , Davydiuk A.V. , Panasiuk M.O.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study was to investigate the direction of migration processes of mobile phosphorus in the dark gray profile of podzolized soil for the long systematic application of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers. Methods. Laboratory and mathematical-statistical. Results. The results of researches on studying migration processes of mobile phosphorus in the profile of dark gray podzolized soil under the influence of agrochemical loading are given. It was established that the application of mineral phosphates in the dose P74 on the fone of N75K83 and organic fertilizers on the dark gray podzolized soils of the right bank of the Forest steppe is sufficient for the expanded reproduction of the natural level of factor the capacity phosphates for preventing the migration of phosphorus compounds in the lower horizons of the soil.
Making up of productivity of sunflower depending on expedients of the cultural operations and fertilization
Authors: Hubenko L.V. , Zadubynnaya E.V. , Tarasenko T.V.
Published: October 2019

The results of researches on the influence of fertilizer system and main cultivation of soil on the formation of sunflower productivity in the conditions of the left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. The soil on which the research was conducted is typical of the Left Bank Forest Steppe. Weather conditions during the period of research were marked by significant fluctuations in comparison with the average long-term indicators, which made it possible to establish the reaction of sunflower to the agro-ecological factors of cultivation. The research methods used are classical and standardized, which allowed for objective results.

The dependence of productive indicators on the application of mineral fertilizers on the background of different methods of basic soil cultivation is shown. It is established that the yield of crops decreases in the direction from plowing to zero tillage of the soil. For sunflower, the best option for the main cultivation of the soil was plowing compared with the shallow disk treatment and technology of «direct» sowing.

As a result, during the research period, the highest yield of sunflower was obtained for the introduction of N150 P110 K180 against the background of classical soil cultivation – 3,94 tons/ha. The variance analysis confirmed the significant influence of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic soil cultivation on the formation of sunflower seed yield.

Optimization of the methods of basic tillage and fertilization significantly influenced the quality of sunflower seeds. The highest content of oil in the seed was in the variant without fertilizers for «zero» cultivation of soil. Output of oil per unit area was directly proportional to the level of crop yield. A higher oil yield per 1 hectare of crop (1,77 tons/ha) was obtained in a variant with a maximum dose of mineral fertilizers N150 P110 K180 on the background of classical soil cultivation.

Under conditions of energy saving, it is expedient to have small and zero tillage.
Perspective of using fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines in organic farming
Authors: Korniychuk M.S. , Tkachenko N.V.
Published: October 2019

The expediency of fusarium resistant lupines usage in organic farming for improving soil fertility and producing high protein feed for livestock is justified in this article.

Organic production excludes the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. In these circumstances, increases the value of cultures that positively affect the fertility of soils and their phytosanitary status. These crops include annual fodder lupine (yellow, white and angustifolia), especially varieties that are resistant to disease.

Having the highest nitrogen-fixing ability among annual legume crops, lupins, depending on the type and conditions of cultivation, can accumulate from 80 to 300 kg/ha of environmentally pure symbiotic nitrogen in biomass. Plowing the green mass (30-45 t/ha) is equivalent to the corresponding amount of manure or introduction of 5-7 t/ha of ammonium nitrate. 30 kg/ha of phosphorus and 50 kg/ha of potassium are entering the soil with plant remains. Therefore, lupine provides itself with nutrients and still leaves up to 150 kg/ha of nitrogen in the soil after harvesting for subsequent crops in crop rotation.

In organic production, fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines are also interesting as a source of high protein feeds for livestock. They are building up to 60 t/ha of biomass, which contains more than one ton of digestible protein. In grain of the fodder varieties contains 40-52% of crude protein, 5.5-6.0% of fat, 10-12% of sugar.

The characteristic of fusarium resistant varieties of lupins (yellow, white and angustifolia), created in the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" and included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine is presented in this article. These varieties are practically not affected by fusariosis under the production conditions and do not require the use of fungicides during the growing season. They can be grown in crop rotation with a return period of 2-3 years, whereas for unstable it took 6-7 years. Because of the inability to use in organic farming fungicide to prevent crop losses from anthracnose, it is necessary to use predominantly angustifolia lupine varieties, which are now more tolerant to this disease, prevent sowing of infected seeds and adhere to crop rotation.

Fusarium-resistant varieties of lupins are suitable for cultivation in poucous and sown crops, and in mixtures with other crops.
How important are olfactory cues for host-plant detection by migrating Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae) in Cyprus?
Authors: John Eddie , Hardman Mike , Smith Matt
Published: October 2019

Danaus chrysippus, a species associated in the region with low migrant numbers, has appeared at a small biotope in Cyprus in each of the five years, 2014–2018. We present the results of monitoring at the site and suggest that detection of plant volatiles, perhaps in combination
with the presence of male pheromones, assist migrating D. chrysippus to detect small stands of the host-plant Cynanchum acutum, enabling the establishment of temporary populations on the island. We also refer to the recent appearance in Cyprus of D. c. chrysippus
f. 'alcippus'.