bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced photovoltaic properties of halide perovskites due to multi-centered X–B–X bonding and p–p orbital coupling
Authors: Zhang Xuewei , Guo Yuzheng , Chu Daping , Robertson John
Published: March 2023

Halide perovskites ABX3 are valuable photovoltaic and light-emitting materials due to their favorable optical properties of a direct bandgap and strong optical absorption just above the bandgap. Here, we show that these properties arise mainly from multi-centered X-B-X bonding and B-p X-p coupling. A bonding analysis finds that B–X bonds have shared electrons intermediate between that of ionic and covalent bonding. The B cation site p orbital interacts with left and right lobes of X-p orbitals, forming a special three-centered, two-electron X–B–X bond. This bonding mechanism is shown to give rise to unusually large optical matrix elements, especially in the visible spectrum, with the normalized matrix elements twice that of typical two-center bonds and transition probabilities four times larger. These cause a very sharp increase in optical absorption just above the gap. Experimental values of Urbach energies are found to be small, even if perovskites have disordered structures. The broad valence and conduction bands of the linearly aligned p orbitals cause dispersive band extrema, with small effective masses of both carriers at the R point, indicating a high carrier mobility.
Predicting allosteric sites using fast conformational sampling as guided by coarse-grained normal modes
Authors: Zheng Wenjun
Published: March 2023

To computationally identify cryptic binding sites for allosteric modulators, we have developed a fast and simple conformational sampling scheme guided by coarse-grained normal modes solved from the elastic network models followed by atomistic backbone and sidechain reconstruction. Despite the complexity of conformational changes associated with ligand binding, we previously showed that simply sampling along each of the lowest 30 modes can adequately restructure cryptic sites so they are detectable by pocket finding programs like Concavity. Here, we applied this method to study four classical examples of allosteric regulation (GluR2 receptor, GroEL chaperonin, GPCR, and myosin). Our method along with alternative methods has been utilized to locate known allosteric sites and predict new promising allosteric sites. Compared with other sampling methods based on extensive molecular dynamics simulation, our method is both faster (1–2 h for an average-size protein of ∼400 residues) and more flexible (it can be easily integrated with any structure-based pocket finding methods), so it is suitable for high-throughput screening of large datasets of protein structures at the genome scale.
Long-wavelength InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dot microdisk lasers on InP (001) substrate
Authors: Jia Hui , Yu Xuezhe , Zhou Taojie , Dear Calum , Yuan Jiajing , Tang Mingchu , Yan Zhao , Ratiu Bogdan-Petrin , Li Qiang , Seeds Alwyn , Liu Huiyun , Chen Siming
Published: March 2023

In this Letter, we present long-wavelength microdisk lasers based on five stacks of self-assembled InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dots as the active medium, which were grown on InP (001) substrate by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. The 8.4-μm-diameter quantum dot microdisk laser is operated at room temperature under pulsed optically pumping conditions. Multi-wavelength lasing emissions at ∼1.6 μm were achieved with a low lasing threshold of 30 μW and a quality factor of ∼1336. The lasing behavior was verified by the “S” shape L–L curve, linewidth narrowing effect, and strong speckle patterns of the collected near field intensity profile. The demonstrated long-wavelength lasers with low threshold and ultracompact footprint can find potential applications in integrated gas detection and highly localized label-free biological and biochemical sensing.
Perturbation theoretical approaches to strong light–matter coupling in ground and excited electronic states for the description of molecular polaritons
Authors: Bauer Marco , Dreuw Andreas
Published: March 2023

Quantum chemical methods for the description of molecular polaritonic states in the strong coupling regime based on the Pauli–Fierz Hamiltonian are introduced. Based on a quantum electrodynamic Hartree–Fock (QED-HF) reference, a QED Møller–Plesset perturbation theory of second order for the electronic ground state and a second order quantum electrodynamic algebraic diagrammatic construction scheme for the polarization propagator [QED-ADC(2)] for excited electronic states have been derived, implemented, and tested for polaritons in hydrogen fluoride. Analogous approaches based on a standard non-polaritonic HF reference are also presented and thoroughly compared, both algebraically and numerically, to those based on the QED-HF reference. Furthermore, a promising route to approximate QED-ADC methods based on a unitary transformation of the algebraic expression into a restricted state space is outlined showing excellent agreement in second order with QED-ADC(2). All presented novel methods are compared to and tested against other existing ab initio approaches, mostly QED coupled cluster theory, including single and double excitations, and show qualitative agreement at a reduced computational effort.
First-principles phonon calculations of neodymium-magnet compounds
Authors: Tsuna Shunsuke , Gohda Yoshihiro
Published: March 2023

We report first-principles investigations of the light-element effect on phonon states in neodymium-magnet compounds. It is found that B in Nd2Fe14B contributes to acoustic phonon hardening. As for the substitution of other light elements for B, frequencies of phonons that originate from light elements decrease with increasing the atomic number. However, imaginary phonons in Nd2Fe14F are attributed to the electronic states and the atomic configurations, not to the heavier mass of F. In addition, as the effect of the magnetic disordering on the phonon state, we show that the phonons of the paramagnetic Nd2Fe14B are softer than those of the ferromagnetic Nd2Fe14B. This suggests that the phonon effect decreases the Curie temperature through the stabilization of the paramagnetic state.
Nanofluidics at the crossroads
Authors: Robin Paul , Bocquet Lydéric
Published: March 2023

Nanofluidics, the field interested in flows at the smallest scales, has grown at a fast pace, reaching an ever finer control of fluidic and ionic transport at the molecular level. Until now, artificial pores are far from reaching the wealth of functionalities of biological channels that regulate sensory detection, biological transport, and neurostransmission—all while operating at energies comparable to thermal noise. Here, we argue that artificial ionic machines can be designed by harnessing the entire wealth of phenomena available at the nanoscales and exploiting techniques developed in various fields of physics. As they are generally based on solid-state nanopores, rather than soft membranes and proteins, they should, in particular, aim at taking advantage of their specific properties, such as their electronic structure or their ability to interact with light. These observations call for the design of new ways of probing nanofluidic systems. Nanofluidics is now at the crossroads, there are new avenues to build complex ionic machines, and this may allow to develop new functionalities inspired by nature.
Molecular-level understanding of the rovibrational spectra of N2O in gaseous, supercritical, and liquid SF6 and Xe
Authors: Töpfer Kai , Koner Debasish , Erramilli Shyamsunder , Ziegler Lawrence D. , Meuwly Markus
Published: March 2023

The transition between the gas-, supercritical-, and liquid-phase behavior is a fascinating topic, which still lacks molecular-level understanding. Recent ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments suggested that the vibrational spectroscopy of N2O embedded in xenon and SF6 as solvents provides an avenue to characterize the transitions between different phases as the concentration (or density) of the solvent increases. The present work demonstrates that classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations together with accurate interaction potentials allows us to (semi-)quantitatively describe the transition in rotational vibrational infrared spectra from the P-/R-branch line shape for the stretch vibrations of N2O at low solvent densities to the Q-branch-like line shapes at high densities. The results are interpreted within the classical theory of rigid-body rotation in more/less constraining environments at high/low solvent densities or based on phenomenological models for the orientational relaxation of rotational motion. It is concluded that classical MD simulations provide a powerful approach to characterize and interpret the ultrafast motion of solutes in low to high density solvents at a molecular level.
0–360 Degrees angular measurements using spatial displacement
Authors: Yuan Yangsheng , Xu Didi , Cheng Ruishan , Gao Yaru , Hoenders Bernhard J. , Cai Yangjian
Published: March 2023

The angle measurement is one of the fundamental measurement techniques required for a large number of applications. Many mechanical and optical measurement methods accomplish this task, requiring contact with the object or interference using multiple laser beams. We introduce a measurement for a given arbitrary angle accomplished by the conversion of the angle measurement to a spatial displacement measurement. The resolution of the angular measurement is a microradian, and it is limited only by the resolving power of a pixel. This measurement is almost independent of the specific wavelength, degree of coherence, and measurement distance. Moreover, our method realizes a non-contact and nondestructive angular measurement within the range of 0°–360°. We anticipate it to have important applications in optical communication systems and industry.
Biomechanical properties of metastatic breast cancer cells in high glucose and hyperosmolarity environment
Authors: Zou Wenjing , Zheng Xinyu , Chen Tao , Sun Lining , Yang Hao
Published: March 2023

Biomechanical properties of cancer cells have received increasing attention for diverse applications owing to their ability to reveal the physiological and pathological states of cells. The association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and breast cancer has been known for a long time. However, the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated, especially at the cellular level. This study observed alterations in the biomechanical behavior of MCF-10A, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 breast cells under different glucose concentrations and osmotic pressure levels. Experimental results suggested the inverse correlation between Young's modulus and malignancy. The high-glucose environment decreased Young's modulus of metastatic breast cancer cells and reduced the cell stiffness. The hyperosmolarity environment had the opposite effect. In diabetic patients, breast cancer cells exhibited stronger deformability by upregulating the sensitivity to high glucose concentration and downregulating the sensitivity to hyperosmolarity. These cytological features might promote the invasiveness of breast cancer cells to traverse tissue and cellular barriers and achieve distant metastasis. We proposed a possible mechanism to explain why DM may be a risk factor for metastatic behavior of breast cancer from the perspective of cellular biomechanics. This work may pave the way for optimizing the diagnostics and therapeutics of breast cancer with co-morbidities in clinical practice.
Wildfire hazard mapping in the eastern Mediterranean landscape
Authors: Trucchia Andrea , Meschi Giorgio , Fiorucci Paolo , Provenzale Antonello , Tonini Marj , Pernice Umberto
Published: March 2023

Background Wildfires are a growing threat to many ecosystems, bringing devastation to human safety and health, infrastructure, the environment and wildlife. Aims A thorough understanding of the characteristics determining the susceptibility of an area to wildfires is crucial to prevention and management activities. The work focused on a case study of 13 countries in the eastern Mediterranean and southern Black Sea basins. Methods A data-driven approach was implemented where a decade of past wildfires was linked to geoclimatic and anthropic descriptors via a machine learning classification technique (Random Forest). Empirical classification of fuel allowed linking of fire intensity and hazard to environmental drivers. Key results Wildfire susceptibility, intensity and hazard were obtained for the study area. For the first time, the methodology is applied at a supranational scale characterised by a diverse climate and vegetation landscape, relying on open data. Conclusions This approach successfully allowed identification of the main wildfire drivers and led to identification of areas that are more susceptible to impactful wildfire events. Implications This work demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed framework and settled the basis for its scalability at a supranational level.
Learning critically drives parkinsonian motor deficits through imbalanced striatal pathway recruitment
Authors: Cheung Timothy H. C. , Ding Yunmin , Zhuang Xiaoxi , Kang Un Jung
Published: March 2023

Dopamine (DA) loss in Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes debilitating motor deficits. However, dopamine is also widely linked to reward prediction and learning, and the contribution of dopamine-dependent learning to movements that are impaired in PD—which often do not lead to explicit rewards—is unclear. Here, we used two distinct motor tasks to dissociate dopamine’s acute motoric effects vs. its long-lasting, learning-mediated effects. In dopamine-depleted mice, motor task performance gradually worsened with task exposure. Task experience was critical, as mice that remained in the home cage during the same period were relatively unimpaired when subsequently probed on the task. Repeated dopamine replacement treatments acutely rescued deficits and gradually induced long-term rescue that persisted despite treatment withdrawal. Surprisingly, both long-term rescue and parkinsonian performance decline were task specific, implicating dopamine-dependent learning. D1R activation potently induced acute rescue that gradually consolidated into long-term rescue. Conversely, reduced D2R activation potently induced parkinsonian decline. In dopamine-depleted mice, either D1R activation or D2R activation prevented parkinsonian decline, and both restored balanced activation of direct vs. indirect striatal pathways. These findings suggest that reinforcement and maintenance of movements—even movements not leading to explicit rewards—are fundamental functions of dopamine and provide potential mechanisms for the hitherto unexplained “long-duration response” by dopaminergic therapies in PD.
Identifying regulation with adversarial surrogates
Authors: Teichner Ron , Shomar Aseel , Barak Omri , Brenner Naama , Marom Shimon , Meir Ron , Eytan Danny
Published: March 2023

Homeostasis, the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment in the face of perturbations, is a hallmark of biological systems. It is believed that this constancy is achieved through multiple internal regulation and control processes. Given observations of a system, or even a detailed model of one, it is both valuable and extremely challenging to extract the control objectives of the homeostatic mechanisms. In this work, we develop a robust data-driven method to identify these objectives, namely to understand: “what does the system care about?”. We propose an algorithm, Identifying Regulation with Adversarial Surrogates (IRAS), that receives an array of temporal measurements of the system and outputs a candidate for the control objective, expressed as a combination of observed variables. IRAS is an iterative algorithm consisting of two competing players. The first player, realized by an artificial deep neural network, aims to minimize a measure of invariance we refer to as the coefficient of regulation. The second player aims to render the task of the first player more difficult by forcing it to extract information about the temporal structure of the data, which is absent from similar “surrogate” data. We test the algorithm on four synthetic and one natural data set, demonstrating excellent empirical results. Interestingly, our approach can also be used to extract conserved quantities, e.g., energy and momentum, in purely physical systems, as we demonstrate empirically.
L-type Ca
2+
channels mediate regulation of glutamate release by subthreshold potential changes
Authors: Lee Byoung Ju , Lee Unghwi , Ryu Seung Hyun , Han Sukmin , Lee Seung Yeon , Lee Jae Sung , Ju Anes , Chang Sunghoe , Lee Suk-Ho , Kim Sung Hyun , Ho Won-Kyung
Published: March 2023

Subthreshold depolarization enhances neurotransmitter release evoked by action potentials and plays a key role in modulating synaptic transmission by combining analog and digital signals. This process is known to be Ca
2+
dependent. However, the underlying mechanism of how small changes in basal Ca
2+
caused by subthreshold depolarization can regulate transmitter release triggered by a large increase in local Ca
2+
is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the source and signaling mechanisms of Ca
2+
that couple subthreshold depolarization with the enhancement of glutamate release in hippocampal cultures and CA3 pyramidal neurons. Subthreshold depolarization increased presynaptic Ca
2+
levels, the frequency of spontaneous release, and the amplitude of evoked release, all of which were abolished by blocking L-type Ca
2+
channels. A high concentration of intracellular Ca
2+
buffer or blockade of calmodulin abolished depolarization-induced increases in transmitter release. Estimation of the readily releasable pool size using hypertonic sucrose showed depolarization-induced increases in readily releasable pool size, and this increase was abolished by the blockade of calmodulin. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the modulation of transmitter release by subthreshold potential change and highlight the role of L-type Ca
2+
channels in coupling subthreshold depolarization to the activation of Ca
2+
-dependent signaling molecules that regulate transmitter release.
Fabrication methods and property analysis of metal foams – a technical overview
Authors: Nawaz Ali , Rani Sushila
Published: March 2023

In recent years, metal foams have emerged as the most advanced materials for structural, thermal, and sound insulation purposes. Metal foams have more exciting properties than other lightweight materials, such as higher deformation resistance, compressive strength, and crashworthiness. This review article highlights various conventional and non-conventional manufacturing methods of metal foams under direct and indirect foaming techniques. Non-conventional methods of metal foam fabrication, such as additive manufacturing, novel methods, and metal syntactic foaming have been described in detail. A detailed review of foaming agents, space holders, and filler particles utilised in the metal foaming process is provided. Recent advancements in the metal foam coating process and coating materials have also been discussed.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
ARF3 weights the balance for prostate cancer metastasis
Authors: Caswell Patrick T.
Published: March 2023

Patrick T. Caswell discusses work from Bryant and colleagues (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202206115) which shows how ARF3 impacts metastasis in prostate cancer by regulating a switch between modes of collective invasion.
Time-resolved single-particle spectrum of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model after interaction quenches
Authors: Su Yong-Guang , Lu Ruifeng , Lu Hantao , Shao Can
Published: March 2023

We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model after interaction quenches. In strong-coupling regime with large on-site interaction, the ground states of this model with small and large nearest-neighbor interactions are in spin-density-wave and charge-density-wave phases, respectively. Combining twisted boundary conditions with the time-dependent Lanczos method, we obtain snapshots of the time-dependent single-particle spectrum after quenches. We find that for quench within the same phase, the single-particle spectrum becomes close to that of the quenched Hamiltonian immediately after the quench. While for quench across the critical point, the afterward evolution process depends mainly on the distribution of the initial state among the eigenstates of the quenched Hamiltonian. Our finding may serve as a way to detect the phase transition in ultracold atom systems with interactions.
Dielectronic recombination rate coefficients of carbon-like Kr30+
Authors: Ma Wan-Lu , Wang Shu-Xing , Huang Zhong-Kui , Wen Wei-Qiang , Wang Han-Bing , Chen Dong-Yang , Liu Xin , Zhou Xiao-Peng , Huang Hou-Ke , Shao Lin , Liu Chang , Zhang Chun-Yu , Chen Chong-Yang , Mao Li-Jun , Ma Xiao-Ming , Li Jie , Tang Mei-Tang , Yan Kai-Ming , Zhou Yun-Bin , Zhao Dong-Mei , Yuan You-Jin , Yang Jian-Cheng , Ma Xin-Wen , Zhu Lin-Fan
Published: March 2023

Dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients for carbon-like Kr30+ have been measured over the collision energy of 0–60 eV using the heavy-ion storage ring CSRe at the Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou, China. The present DR spectrum covers the resonances associated with the

2

s
2

2

p
2

[

3

P
0

]
→
2

s
2

2

p
2

[

3

P

1
,
2

]

,

2
s
2

p
3

and

2

p
4

(
Δ
n
=
0
)

core excitations. The corresponding DR resonance energies and strengths have been calculated by using the flexible atomic code (FAC) to understand the measured results. An overall agreement has been obtained between the experiment and theory, except for the data at the collision energies below 7 eV and in 35–38 eV, where the electronic correlation effect is strong. In particular, the resonances from the trielectronic recombination due to

2

s
2

2

p
2

+

e
−

→
2

p
4

[

1

D
2

]

6
l

have been identified with the help of the FAC calculation. Temperature-dependent plasma recombination rate coefficients were derived from the measured DR rate coefficients for the temperature range 103–107 K and compared with our FAC calculations as well as the previous AUTOSTRUCTURE calculations by Zatsarinny et al (2004 Astron. Astrophys.
417 1173–81). The FAC and AUTOSTRUCTURE calculations are in good agreement with the presently derived plasma rate coefficients. The present work provides the benchmark data for astrophysical and laboratory plasma modeling.
Spectral phase effects in above threshold ionization
Authors: Harris A L
Published: March 2023

We present theoretical studies of above threshold ionization (ATI) using sculpted laser pulses. The time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved to calculate the ATI energy and momentum spectra, and a qualitative understanding of the electron motion after ionization is explored using the simple man’s model and a classical model that solves Newton’s equation of motion. Results are presented for Gaussian and Airy laser pulses with identical power spectra, but differing spectral phases. The simulations show that the third order spectral phase of the Airy pulse, which can alter the temporal envelope of the electric field, causes changes to the timing of ionization and the dynamics of the rescattering process. Specifically, the use of Airy pulses in the ATI process results in a shift of the Keldysh plateau cutoff to lower energy due to a decreased pondermotive energy of the electron in the laser field, and the side lobes of the Airy laser pulse change the number and timing of rescattering events. This translates into changes to the high-order ATI plateau and intra- and intercycle interference features. Our results also show that laser pulses with identical carrier envelope phases and nearly identical envelopes yield different photoelectron momentum distributions, which are a direct result of the pulse’s spectral phase.
Study of digital and analog resistive switching memories based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite by experiments and DFT calculations
Authors: Ngo Tung Thanh , Tu Thi Doan Uyen , Vo Quyen Truc Thi , Huynh Truong Lam , Vu Nam Hoang , Ta Hanh Kieu Thi , Thi Mai Hoa Le , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Nguyen Phuong Tuyet , Pham Ngoc Kim
Published: March 2023

In this study, a thin film of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) was employed as the switching layer in the metal/MAPbI3/FTO devices. Two metals, Ag and Cr, were used as active and inert top electrodes to govern the hysteresis effect of memory devices, respectively. While the Cr/MAPbI3/FTO device displayed an analog resistive switching (RS) behavior and a comparatively low ON/OFF ratio of 10, the Ag/MAPbI3/FTO structure displayed digital bipolar RS and a high ON/OFF ratio of 102. The density functional theory simulations suggest that these various behaviors may be caused by variations in the mutual interaction between the iodine vacancy defect and the metal contact properties. The SET process involved switching both devices from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance one using the space charge-limited current mechanism. In the RESET process, the Ag-electrode device is allocated the Poole–Frenkel emission mechanism, and the Cr-electrode device is followed the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling mechanism. The formation and dissociation of iodine vacancy filaments via the dielectric layer were identified as the RS mechanism in both devices. The findings show that organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite has a strong potential for data storage.
Extended terahertz valley-locked surface waves in designer surface plasmon crystals
Authors: Zhao Yulin , Liang Feng , Han Jianfei , Zhao Deshuang , Wang Bing-Zhong
Published: March 2023

Topological valley-locked edge states have been attracting much attention in terahertz (THz) and optical regimes due to their unique unidirectional backscattering-immune feature. However, these one-dimensional edge transports are essentially not compatible to traditional waveguides or devices. In this work, we propose a THz topological waveguide supporting two dimensional valley-locked surface waves based on designer surface plasmon crystals. The waveguide is implemented by designing a sandwich-like A|C|B heterostructure with three domains. The central domain C carrying a Dirac cone in the band structure is topologically trivial. The A and B domains consist of two distinct topological structures with opposite valley-Chern numbers. Unlike topological edge states existing only at the interface of conventional A|B domain wall structure, extended topological valley-locked surface states propagating along the whole B domain are observed in our proposed structure. This heterostructure with designable waveguide width is more flexible for interfacing with existing THz devices, and is quite suitable for high-throughput and high-power-capacity applications. Besides, the unique features of momentum-valley locking and immunity against sharp bends are reserved. This work may promote future topological and traditional integrated functional devices in THz and optical regimes.
Multifunctional terahertz metasurface devices based on 3D-printed low refractive index meta-gratings
Authors: Yan Dexian , Zhu Zhenghan , Liu Zihao , Li Xiangjun , Zhang Le
Published: March 2023

Metasurface optical devices have shown a tendency to gradually supersede the conventional bulk devices in applications requiring compactness and light weight. Typical metasurface-based flat lenses that manipulate the wavefront rely on phase mapping using a limited number of subwavelength structures. However, this approach greatly reduces the efficiency when limited structures are mapped for a high numerical aperture (NA). Here, we theoretically and experimentally propose low refractive index meta-grating-based multifunctional devices fabricated by three-dimensional printing technology. The meta-grating arrays effectively bend the incident polarized terahertz wave to the designed diffraction angle of 67°, with transmission efficiencies of 74.1% (S-dimer) and 54.2% (P-dimer) at the frequency of 0.1 THz. Then, the meta-lens based on the proposed meta-grating arrays achieves the measured focus efficiency of 32.1% with NA = 0.902, corresponding to a maximum collection angle of 64.5°. The designed flat devices with excellent characteristics in terms of efficiency and NA represent a new paradigm in high efficiency, low-cost and multifunctional terahertz devices.
A latent representation dual manifold regularization broad learning system with incremental learning capability for fault diagnosis
Authors: Mou Miao , Zhao Xiaoqiang , Liu Kai , Cao Shiyu , Hui Yongyong
Published: March 2023

Fault diagnosis models based on deep learning must spend a lot of time adjusting the model structure and parameters for retraining upon the occurrence of a new fault. To address this problem, a latent representation dual manifold regularization broad learning system (LRDMR-BLS) with incremental learning capability is proposed for fault diagnosis. The model uses the link information between data to guide feature selection via latent representation learning. Meanwhile, two manifold regularization terms are added to the objective function of latent representation learning and the objective function of BLS to maintain the local manifold structure of data and feature spaces. Finally, the incremental learning capability of the proposed model enables the proposed model to be updated quickly when a new fault occurs. The superiority of the proposed model is demonstrated by two chemical processes.
Dielectrophoretic alignment of carbon nanotubes: theory, applications, and future
Authors: Abdulhameed Abdullah , Halim Mohd Mahadi , Halin Izhal Abdul
Published: March 2023

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nominated to be the successor of several semiconductors and metals due to their unique physical and chemical properties. It has been concerning that the anisotropic and low controllability of CNTs impedes their adoption in commercial applications. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is known as the electrokinetics motion of polarizable nanoparticles under the influence of nonuniform electric fields. The uniqueness of this phenomenon allows DEP to be employed as a novel method to align, assemble, separate, and manipulate CNTs suspended in liquid mediums. This article begins with a brief overview of CNT structure and production, with the emphasize on their electrical properties and response to electric fields. The DEP phenomenon as a CNT alignment method is demonstrated and graphically discussed, along with its theory, procedure, and parameters. We also discussed the side forces that arise in DEP systems and how they negatively or positively affect the CNT alignment. The article concludes with a brief review of CNT-based devices fabricated using DEP, as well as the method’s limitations and future prospects.
High-efficient Bloch simulation of magnetic resonance imaging sequences based on deep learning
Authors: Huang Haitao , Yang Qinqin , Wang Jiechao , Zhang Pujie , Cai Shuhui , Cai Congbo
Published: March 2023

Objective. Bloch simulation constitutes an essential part of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) development. However, even with the graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration, the heavy computational load remains a major challenge, especially in large-scale, high-accuracy simulation scenarios. This work aims to develop a deep learning-based simulator to accelerate Bloch simulation. Approach. The simulator model, called Simu-Net, is based on an end-to-end convolutional neural network and is trained with synthetic data generated by traditional Bloch simulation. It uses dynamic convolution to fuse spatial and physical information with different dimensions and introduces position encoding templates to achieve position-specific labeling and overcome the receptive field limitation of the convolutional network. Main results. Compared with mainstream GPU-based MRI simulation software, Simu-Net successfully accelerates simulations by hundreds of times in both traditional and advanced MRI pulse sequences. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed framework were verified qualitatively and quantitatively. Besides, the trained Simu-Net was applied to generate sufficient customized training samples for deep learning-based T
2 mapping and comparable results to conventional methods were obtained in the human brain. Significance. As a proof-of-concept work, Simu-Net shows the potential to apply deep learning for rapidly approximating the forward physical process of MRI and may increase the efficiency of Bloch simulation for optimization of MRI pulse sequences and deep learning-based methods.
Timing performance of radiation hard MALTA monolithic pixel sensors
Authors: Gustavino G. , Allport P. , Asensi I. , Berlea D.V. , Bortoletto D. , Buttar C. , Dachs F. , Dao V. , Denizli H. , Dobrijevic D. , Flores L. , Gabrielli A. , Gonella L. , González V. , LeBlanc M. , Oyulmaz K. , Pernegger H. , Piro F. , Riedler P. , Sandaker H. , Solans C. , Snoeys W. , Suligoj T. , van Rijnbach M. , Sharma A. , Vázquez Núñez M. , Weick J. , Worm S. , Zoubir A.
Published: March 2023

The MALTA family of Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (DMAPS) produced in Tower 180 nm CMOS technology targets radiation hard applications for the HL-LHC and beyond. Several process modifications and front-end improvements have resulted in radiation hardness up to 2 × 1015 1 MeV neq/cm2 and time resolution below 2 ns, with uniform charge collection efficiency across the pixel of size 36.4 × 36.4 μm2 with a 3 μm2 electrode size. The MALTA2 demonstrator produced in 2021 on high-resistivity epitaxial silicon and on Czochralski substrates implements a new cascoded front-end that reduces the RTS noise and has a higher gain. This contribution shows results from MALTA2 on timing resolution at the nanosecond level from the CERN SPS test-beam campaign of 2021.
Future developments of radiation tolerant sensors based on the MALTA architecture
Authors: Dobrijević D. , Allport P. , Asensi I. , Berlea D. , Bortoletto D. , Buttar C. , Dachs F. , Dao V. , Denizli H. , Sanz de Acedo L.F. , Gabrielli A. , Gonella L. , González V. , LeBlanc M. , Núñez M.V. , Oyulmaz K. , Pernegger H. , Piro F. , Riedler P. , Sandaker H. , Sánchez C.S. , Snoeys W. , Suligoj T. , van Rijnbach M. , Weick J. , Worm S.
Published: March 2023

The planned MALTA3 DMAPS designed in the standard TowerJazz 180 nm imaging process will implement the numerous process modifications, as well as front-end changes in order to boost the charge collection efficiency after the targeted fluence of 1 × 1015 1 MeV neq/cm2. The effectiveness of these changes have been demonstrated with recent measurements of the full size MALTA2 chip. With the original MALTA concept being fully asynchronous, a small-scale MiniMALTA demonstrator chip has been developed with the intention of bridging the gap between the asynchronous pixel matrix, and the synchronous DAQ. This readout architecture will serve as a baseline for MALTA3, with focus on improved timing performance. The synchronization memory has been upgraded to allow clock speeds of up to 1.28 GHz, with the goal of achieving a sub-nanosecond on-chip timing resolution. The subsequent digital readout chain has been modified and will be discussed in the context of the overall sensor architecture.
Biomimicking dual drug eluting twisted electrospun nanofiber yarns for post-operative wound healing
Authors: Singh Pragya , Pandey Prashant , Arya Dilip Kumar , Anjum Md Meraj , Poonguzhali Subramaniam , Kumar Abhishek , Gupta Ravi , Rajamanickam Vijayakumar Mahalingam , Singh Sanjay , Chaurasia Sundeep , Dantuluri Ajay Kumar , Mcmahon Sean , Rajinikanth Paruvathanahalli Siddalingam
Published: March 2023

The morbidity rate following a surgical procedure increasing rapidly in the cases associated with surgical site infections. Traditional sutures lack the ability to deliver drugs as the incorporation of the drug in their structure would hamper their mechanical properties. To prevent such infections, we developed an extracellular matrix mimicking electrospun nanofibrous yarns of poly-(D,L)-lactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol loaded with vancomycin and ferulic acid, prepared by uniaxial electrospinning technique. In-vitro characterization such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, tensile strength testing, degradation studies, and antimicrobial studies along with in-vivo evaluation done with help of incision wound healing rat model and simultaneous testing of microbial load in the incised tissue. The in-vitro studies indicated the nanofiber yarns have size range 200–300 nm with a tensile strength of 7.54 ± 0.58 MPa. The dual drug-loaded yarn showed sustained drug release over a period of 48 h. In-vitro water uptake and biodegradation data indicated optimum results suitable for suturing applications. Antimicrobial study showed excellent antimicrobial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli. Results obtained from in-vivo study suggested excellent wound healing potential of nanofiber yarns as compared with commercial silk sutures. The histopathological studies confirmed restoring ability of nanofiber yarn to the normal skin structure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) study revealed the downregulation of inflammatory markers i.e. TNF-alpha and IL-6, making nanofibers sutures suitable for surgical wound healing applications. Overall, the present study may conclude that the developed dual drug-loaded nanofiber yarns have excellent potential in surgical wound healing applications.
Long-lasting impact of winter North Atlantic Oscillation on Barents-Kara sea ice anomaly in recent decades
Authors: Zhou Fang , Liu Ming-Hong , Shi Jian , Zhao Meng-Yuan
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the long-lasting impact of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on Arctic sea ice is investigated using reanalysis data, with focus on the Barents–Kara (BK) sea where the air-sea-ice response is closely associated with the interdecadal shift in the northern action center of the NAO. A significant negative correlation between the winter NAO and the late autumn BK sea ice has been dominant since the early 2000s, which is in sharp contrast to the extremely weak correlation before the late 20th century. When the northern center of the NAO retreats westward, a prevailing low-level southerly wind anomaly creates significant positive air temperature anomalies over the BK sea, and the induced ocean current strengthens the northward transport of warm sea water, resulting in a positive BK upper-layer ocean temperature anomaly and a negative sea ice anomaly until early spring. Entering summer, the preexisting less-than-normal sea ice causes the amount of solar shortwave radiation absorbed by the upper-layer sea water to significantly increase and thereby continues to warm up the upper layer of sea water and reduce the sea ice. The warmed sea water enables the negative sea ice anomaly to last until late autumn owing to its relatively large specific heat capacity. Thus, the NAO in the previous winter exerts a long-lasting impact on the BK sea ice.
Large humidity effects on urban heat exposure and cooling challenges under climate change
Authors: Yang Joyce , Zhao Lei , Oleson Keith
Published: March 2023

Many urban climates are characterized by increased temperature and decreased relative humidity, under climate change and compared to surrounding rural landscapes. The two trends have contrasting effects on human-perceived heat stress. However, their combined impact on urban humid heat and adaptation has remained largely unclear. Here, we use simulations from an earth system model to investigate how urbanization coupled with climate change affects urban humid heat stress, exposure, and adaptation. Our results show that urban humid heat will increase substantially across the globe by 3.1 °C by the end of the century under a high emission scenario. This projected trend is largely attributed to climate change-driven increases in specific humidity (1.8 °C), followed by air temperature (1.4 °C)—with urbanization impacts varying by location and of a smaller magnitude. Urban humid heat stress is projected to be concentrated in coastal, equatorial areas. At least 44% of the projected urban population in 2100, the equivalent of over 3 billion people worldwide, is projected to be living in an urban area with high humid heat stress. We show a critical, climate-driven dilemma between cooling efficacy and water limitation of urban greenery-based heat adaptation. Insights from our study emphasize the importance of using urban-explicit humid heat measures for more accurate assessments of urban heat exposure and invite careful evaluation of the feasibility of green infrastructure as a long-term cooling strategy.
Role of multi-decadal variability of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation on Northern Hemisphere climate
Authors: Schurer Andrew P , Hegerl Gabriele C , Goosse Hugues , Bollasina Massimo A , England Matthew H , Smith Doug M , Tett Simon F B
Published: March 2023

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays a leading role in modulating wintertime climate over the North Atlantic and the surrounding continents of Europe and North America. Here we show that the observed evolution of the NAO displays larger multi-decadal variability than that simulated by nearly all CMIP6 models. To investigate the role of the NAO as a pacemaker of multi-decadal climate variability, we analyse simulations that are constrained to follow the observed NAO. We use a particle filter data-assimilation technique that sub-selects members that follow the observed NAO among an ensemble of simulations, as well as the El Niño Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode in a global climate model, without the use of nudging terms. Since the climate model also contains external forcings, these simulations can be used to compare the simulated forced response to the effect of the three assimilated modes. Concentrating on the 28 year periods of strongest observed NAO trends, we show that NAO variability leads to large multi-decadal trends in temperature and precipitation over Northern Hemisphere land as well as in sea-ice concentration. The Atlantic subpolar gyre region is particularly strongly influenced by the NAO, with links found to both concurrent atmospheric variability and to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Care thus needs to be taken to account for impacts of the NAO when using sea surface temperature in this region as a proxy for AMOC strength over decadal to multi-decadal time-scales. Our results have important implications for climate analyses of the North Atlantic region and highlight the need for further work to understand the causes of multi-decadal NAO variability.
Entanglement of the Ising–Heisenberg diamond spin-

1/2

cluster in evolution
Authors: Kuzmak A R
Published: March 2023

In the last two decades, magnetic, thermodynamic properties and bipartite thermal entanglement in diamond spin clusters and chains have been studied. Such spin structures are presented in various compounds. The ions of Cu2+ in the natural mineral azurite are arranged in a diamond spin chain. There are no studies of the entanglement behaviour during the quantum evolution of such systems. Herein, we consider the evolution of entanglement in the diamond spin-1/2 cluster. This cluster consists of two central spins described by the anisotropic Heisenberg model, which interact with two side spins via Ising interaction. The influence of the interaction coupling with side spins on the entanglement of central spins is investigated. It is shown that choosing the value of this coupling allows us to control the behaviour of entanglement between central spins. As a result, we find conditions for achieving the maximal values of entanglement. In addition, the entanglement behaviour between the side spins, central and side spins, and between a certain spin and the rest of the system is studied. In these cases, the conditions for achieving maximal entanglement are also obtained.
Preface: The 1st International Conference Fisheries and Marine (INFISMA) 2022
Authors: Sutaman  , Zoohry Noor , Dahuri Rokhmin , Matsuoka Tatsuro , Zainudin Arif
Published: March 2023

Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 59/2017 concerning the Implementation of SDGs Achievement signed by President Joko Widodo (also known as Jokowi), this proves the commitment of the Indonesian nation to global agreements. In line with the United Nations’ ongoing agenda to provide a blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, Indonesia continues to be committed to achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. One of Indonesia’s major sectors is Fisheries and Marine which are very important in achieving the SDG’s because 62% of Indonesia’s territory is water. In line with President Jokowi’s vision of introducing the Indonesia Global Maritime Axis (GMA), Indonesia must have a significant impact in optimizing Fisheries and Marine resources in realizing the development of aquaculture, aquatic resources, and a sustainable environment as well as food security in the world.

Universitas Pancasakti Tegal, one of the private universities in Indonesia, has a Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Affairs that continues to improve quality in maintaining the sustainability of the aquatic environment to maintain the availability of natural resources, socio-economic development and even explore the new potential of aquatic commodities. which is important to humans. Therefore, our faculty is obliged to connect researchers around the world to answer questions related to sustainability issues.

List of INFISMA 2022 COMMITTEE are available in this pdf.
Analysis of Protein Content and Amino Acid Profile in Fish Feed Made From Maggot Meal and Earthworm Meal
Authors: Kusnadi  , Prabandari Sari , Nurcahyo Heru , Syarifudin  , Suyono
Published: March 2023

Amino acids were the main components of protein with great potential in feed for fish growth and survival. Some fish feed ingredients sourced from animal protein that can reduce the use of fish meal are maggot and earthworms. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein content and amino acid profile through the use of maggot meal and earthworm meal in fish feed. The use of maggot meal was substituted from 5% to 20%, while earthworm meal was substituted by 4%. Fish feed formulation with ratio of fish meal (FM), maggot meal (MM) and earthworm meal (EM) was tested based on several ratios, namely F1 (30% FM and 5% MM, 4% EM); F2 (25% FM, 10% MM and 4% EM); F3 (20% FM, 15% MM and 4% EM); F4 (15% FM, 20% MM and 4% EM). The results showed that the protein content produced ranged from 23.65% to 26.66%. Glutamic acid had the greatest amino acid profile across all formulations, followed by aspartic acid, arginine, and lysine. Protein content and amino acid profile in the treatment formulas F3 (15% MM and 4% EM) and F4 (20% MM and 4% EM) always occupy the highest position, while the combination ratio of F1 (5% MM and 4% EM); F2 (10% MM and 4% EM) were generally always in the lower position. This shows that the results of the amino acid profile content of the second combination of this type of natural animal source have increased in line with the increase in the addition of maggot meal.