bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Five actionable pillars to engage the next generation of leaders in the co-design of transformative ocean solutions
Authors: Satterthwaite Erin V. , Komyakova Valeriya , Erazo Natalia G. , Gammage Louise , Juma Gabriel A. , Kelly Rachel , Kleinman Daniel , Lobelle Delphine , James Rachel Sapery , Zanuri Norlaila Binti Mohd
Published: October 2022

Solutions to complex and unprecedented global challenges are urgently needed. Overcoming these challenges requires input and innovative solutions from all experts, including Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOPs). To achieve diverse inclusion from ECOPs, fundamental changes must occur at all levels—from individuals to organizations. Drawing on insights from across the globe, we propose 5 actionable pillars that support the engagement of ECOPs in co-design processes that address ocean sustainability: sharing knowledge through networks and mentorship, providing cross-boundary training and opportunities, incentivizing and celebrating knowledge co-design, creating inclusive and participatory governance structures, and catalyzing culture change for inclusivity. Foundational to all actions are the cross-cutting principles of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusivity. In addition, the pillars are cross-boundary in nature, including collaboration and innovation across sectors, disciplines, regions, generations, and backgrounds. Together, these recommendations provide an actionable and iterative path toward inclusive engagement and intergenerational exchange that can develop ocean solutions for a sustainable future.
Kinetic and data-driven modeling of pancreatic β-cell central carbon metabolism and insulin secretion
Authors: Gelbach Patrick E. , Zheng Dongqing , Fraser Scott E. , White Kate L. , Graham Nicholas A. , Finley Stacey D.
Published: October 2022

Pancreatic β-cells respond to increased extracellular glucose levels by initiating a metabolic shift. That change in metabolism is part of the process of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and is of particular interest in the context of diabetes. However, we do not fully understand how the coordinated changes in metabolic pathways and metabolite products influence insulin secretion. In this work, we apply systems biology approaches to develop a detailed kinetic model of the intracellular central carbon metabolic pathways in pancreatic β-cells upon stimulation with high levels of glucose. The model is calibrated to published metabolomics datasets for the INS1 823/13 cell line, accurately capturing the measured metabolite fold-changes. We first employed the calibrated mechanistic model to estimate the stimulated cell’s fluxome. We then used the predicted network fluxes in a data-driven approach to build a partial least squares regression model. By developing the combined kinetic and data-driven modeling framework, we gain insights into the link between β-cell metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The combined modeling framework was used to predict the effects of common anti-diabetic pharmacological interventions on metabolite levels, flux through the metabolic network, and insulin secretion. Our simulations reveal targets that can be modulated to enhance insulin secretion. The model is a promising tool to contextualize and extend the usefulness of metabolomics data and to predict dynamics and metabolite levels that are difficult to measurein vitro. In addition, the modeling framework can be applied to identify, explain, and assess novel and clinically-relevant interventions that may be particularly valuable in diabetes treatment.
An assessment of remotely sensed environmental variables on Dengue epidemiology in Central India
Authors: Sarma Devojit Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Balabaskaran Nina Praveen , Balasubramani Karuppusamy , Pramanik Malay , Kutum Rintu , Shubham Swasti , Das Deepanker , Kumawat Manoj , Verma Vinod , Dhurve Jigyasa , George Sekar Leo , Balasundreshwaran Alangar , Prakash Anil , Tiwari Rajnarayan R.
Published: October 2022

In recent decades, dengue has been expanding rapidly in the tropical cities. Even though environmental factors and landscape features profoundly impact dengue vector abundance and disease epidemiology, significant gaps exist in understanding the role of local environmental heterogeneity on dengue epidemiology in India. In this study, we assessed the role of remotely sensed climatic factors (rainfall, temperature and humidity) and landscape variables (land use pattern, vegetation and built up density) on dengue incidence (2012–2019) in Bhopal city, Central India. Dengue hotspots in the city were assessed through geographical information system based spatial statistics. Dengue incidence increased from 0.59 cases in 2012 to 9.11 cases in 2019 per 10,000 inhabitants, and wards located in Southern Bhopal were found to be dengue hotspots. Distributed lag non-linear model combined with quasi Poisson regression was used to assess the exposure-response association, relative risk (RR), and delayed effects of environmental factors on dengue incidence. The analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between meteorological variables and dengue cases. The model shows that the risk of dengue cases increases with increasing mean temperature, rainfall and absolute humidity. The highest RR of dengue cases (~2.0) was observed for absolute humidity ≥60 g/m3with a 5–15 week lag. Rapid urbanization assessed by an increase in the built-up area (a 9.1% increase in 2020 compared to 2014) could also be a key factor driving dengue incidence in Bhopal city. The study sheds important insight into the synergistic effects of both the landscape and climatic factors on the transmission dynamics of dengue. Furthermore, the study provides key baseline information on the climatic variables that can be used in the micro-level dengue prediction models in Bhopal and other cities with similar climatic conditions.
Comparison of cardiovascular and renal outcomes between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes without prior cardiovascular or renal disease
Authors: Lim Jayoung , Hwang In-Chang , Choi Hong-Mi , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Cho Goo-Yeong
Published: October 2022

Background

Cardiovascular and renal benefits of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been clearly demonstrated. However, studies comparing the effects of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin are scarce. In addition, relatively few studies have analyzed the effects of SGLT2i in diabetic patients without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or heart failure (HF), and current guidelines recommend SGLT2i and other antidiabetic drugs equally in this population. Therefore, we aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in patients with type 2 diabetes without prior ASCVD, CKD, or HF.

Methods

Using a propensity-score matching method, we retrospectively analyzed 921 patients treated with dapagliflozin, 921 patients treated with empagliflozin, and 1842 patients treated with DPP4i (control group). Study outcomes comprised composite coronary events (acute coronary syndrome and coronary revascularization), composite ischemic events (coronary events and stroke), and composite heart failure and renal events.

Results

During follow up (median, 43.4 months), the incidence of composite coronary events was significantly lower in the SGLT2i groups than in the control group, and the incidence of composite ischemic events was lower in the dapagliflozin group than in the control group. Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin both demonstrated significant benefits in terms of HF and renal outcomes, supported by renoprotective effects, as assessed by the change in glomerular filtration rate. At 24–36 months of treatment, the empagliflozin group had higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and lower glycated hemoglobin levels, compared to those in the dapagliflozin and control groups.

Conclusion

SGLT2i use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of ASCVD, HF hospitalization, and renal events, compared to that with DPP4i use among diabetic patients without prior ASCVD, CKD, or HF. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, supporting a SGLT2i class effect.
Diagnostic performances of pepsinogens and gastrin-17 for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer in Mongolian subjects
Authors: Dondov Ganchimeg , Amarbayasgalan Dashmaa , Batsaikhan Batbold , Badamjav Tegshjargal , Batbaatar Batchimeg , Tuvdenjamts Baljinnyam , Tumurbat Nasanjargal , Davaa Bayar , Purevdorj Erkhembulgan , Nyamaa Bayarmaa , Lonjid Tulgaa
Published: October 2022

In Mongolia, gastric cancer morbidity and mortality are high, and more than 80 percent of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. This study aimed to evaluate pepsinogens (PGIs) and gastrin-17 (G-17) levels and to determine the diagnostic performances for gastric cancer and chronic atrophic gastritis among Mongolian individuals. We enrolled a total of 120 subjects, including gastric cancer (40), atrophic gastritis (40), and healthy control (40), matched by age (±2) and sex. Pepsinogen I (PGI), Pepsinogen II (PGII), G-17, and H. pylori IgG levels were measured using GastroPanel ELISA kit (Biohit, Helsinki, Finland). Also, PGI to PGII ratio (PGR) was calculated. For atrophic gastritis, when the optimal cut-off value of PGI was ≤75.07 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 50%, respectively; when the optimal cut-off value of PGR was ≤6.25, sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 44.7%, respectively. For gastric cancer, when the optimal cut-off value of PGI was ≤35.25 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity were 47.2% and 86.8%, respectively; when the optimal cut-off value of PGR was ≤5.27, sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 60.5%, respectively. Combinations of biomarkers with risk factors could improve diagnostic accuracy (AUC for atrophic gastritis 74.8, 95% CI 64.0–85.7, p<0.001; AUC for gastric cancer 75.5, 95% CI 64.2–86.8, p<0.001). PGI, PGR biomarkers combined with the risk of age, family history of gastric cancer, and previous gastric disease could not be an alternative test for upper endoscopy but might be a supportive method which is identifying individuals at medium- and high risk of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions who may need upper endoscopy.
Long-term use of a shark breeding ground: Three decades of mating site fidelity in the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum
Authors: Pratt Harold L. , Pratt Theo C. , Knotek Ryan J. , Carrier Jeffrey C. , Whitney Nicholas M.
Published: October 2022

Understanding shark mating dynamics and mating site use may be vital to species management. The Dry Tortugas courtship and mating ground (DTCMG) has been known as a mating site for nurse sharks, Ginglymostoma cirratum, since 1895. In a 30-yr (1992–2021) study we have documented long-term site fidelity to this area with data from 137 adult sharks (89 female, 48 male) tagged with PIT, fin, and acoustic tags. Of 118 sharks tagged from 1993 to 2014, at least 80 (68%) returned to the DTCMG in subsequent years during the June-July mating season. Known individuals returned in up to 16 different mating seasons and over periods of up 28 years, indicating that life span extends well into the forties for this species. Of all returning sharks, 59% (N = 47) have been monitored for over 10 years and 13% (N = 10) have been monitored for over 20 years. Males arrived annually in May and June and departed in July, whereas females arrived biennially or triennially in June, with a secondary peak in site use in September and August, likely associated with thermoregulation during gestation. During the mating season, males made more frequent visits of shorter duration (median = 34 visits for 1 h per visit) to the DTCMG, whereas females made fewer visits but remained on site for longer periods (median = 12.5 visits for 4.4 h per visit). Females typically mated biennially but showed a triennial cycle in 32% of cases, with many females switching cycles at least once. This pattern would reduce the potential reproductive lifetime output of a female by 11% compared to what would be projected from a strict biennial cycle. The long-term mating site fidelity of this shark population reveals the importance of identifying and protecting mating sites for this and other elasmobranch species.
Oral health outcomes and shift working among male workers: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ghasemi Hadi , Darmohammadi Reza , Namdari Mahshid , Ghorbani Zahra
Published: October 2022

Working time outside routine daily working hours is known as shift working. Studies have shown adverse effects of shift working such as stress, obesity, and diabetes on the workers’ health. The aim of the present study was to compare aspects of oral health in shift workers and non-shift workers of a cement factory in Shahroud, Iran. Study population comprised of 180 male workers of the factory in the year 2015. Convenience sampling was continued until recruiting 180 subjects of shift- and non-shift workers. Data collection included oral health questionnaire, health and safety executive (HSE) questionnaire, and clinical oral examination. The Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and generalized Poisson model were employed for statistical evaluation. Mean age of the workers was 39.19 (±9.48); 53% had educational level of less than diploma. Their mean DMFT was 12.89 (±5.75) which correlated with number of years in shift work schedule (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.41; p<0.001) but not correlated with job stress (Pearson correlation coefficient: -0.11; p = 0.12). Mean number of deep periodontal pockets among the workers was 5.03 (±1.84) that showed correlation with number of years in shift work schedule (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.33; p<0.001) but no correlation with job stress (Pearson correlation coefficient: -0.03; p = 0.68). Adherence to various oral health behaviors was reported by less than half of the workers. Positive correlation of dental caries and periodontal diseases with shift working partly signals negative impact of working conditions on oral health among this group of workers which calls for modifications in their working environment to facilitate health practices.
The resilient potential behaviours in an Internal Medicine Department: Application of resilience assessment grid
Authors: Safi Mariam , Thude Bettina Ravnborg , Brandt Frans , Clay-Williams Robyn
Published: October 2022

Background

The healthcare system is frequently subject to unpredictable conditions such as organisational changes and pandemics. In order to perform as required under these conditions (i.e. exhibiting resilient behaviour), it is necessary to know the current position of the organisation with respect to the four resilient potentials i.e. respond, monitor, learn and anticipate. The study aimed to understand and assess resilient performance of an Internal Medicine Department in a public hospital in Denmark using the resilience assessment grid (RAG).

Methods

A modified Delphi method was used to develop the context specific RAG, using interviews to generate items, two rounds of expert panel reviews and pilot testing the developed RAG questionnaire. The four sets of structured RAG questions were tested and revised until satisfactory face and content validity for application was achieved. The final version of the RAG (28-item Likert scale) questionnaire was sent electronically to 87 healthcare professionals (clinicians and managers) in January 2021 and 2022. The data was statistically analysed and illustrated in radar charts to assist in interpreting the resilience profiles.

Results

While the resilience profiles in 2021 and 2022 were similar, the scores in 2022 were slightly lower for some of the sub-indicators. The results indicate areas for improvement, especially related to the Internal Medicine Department’s potential to respond and learn. The results from the RAG were presented to the chief clinical consultants and managers to identify initiatives for quality improvement and for planning a new workflow at the Internal Medicine Department.

Conclusion

The RAG is a managerial tool to assess the potential resilient performance of the organisation in respect to the four resilience potentials, i.e., responding, monitoring, learning, and anticipating. It can be used to construct the resilience profile of the system over time to manage organisational changes.
Comparison of interproximal delivery and flow characteristics by dentifrice dilution and application of prepared toothpaste delivery technique
Authors: Satou Ryouichi , Yamagishi Atsushi , Takayanagi Atsushi , Suzuki Seitaro , Birkhed Dowen , Sugihara Naoki
Published: October 2022

In home care, the toothpaste technique, which can enhance the caries-preventive effect without changing the amount of dentifrice and fluoride ion concentration, is of great significance. This study aimed to construct a model and experimental system that reproduces the interdental part and to clarify the relationship between the change in dentifrice viscosity due to dilution and washout in the high-risk approximal area of caries. Additionally, the effectiveness of the toothpaste technique and appropriate devices for delivering dentifrice to the interdental area at a low dilution were investigated. Diluted toothpaste samples were prepared (: ×1.00, ×1.25, ×1.50, ×1.75, ×2.00, ×3.00, and ×4.00). An acrylic interproximal model was created for this experiment. The flow characteristics and viscosity by dentifrice dilution were measured. In the case of low dilution of 57% (1.75×) or more, it was shown that the dentifrice in the high-risk area may be washed out early because of the decrease in viscosity, and the caries-preventive effect may be reduced. It was also suggested that to keep the dentifrice in the interdental area for 120 s at the end of brushing, a dilution must be devised to a concentration of at least 50% (2.00×). The prepared toothpaste delivery (PTD) method of delivering dentifrice to the interdental area while maintaining it at a low dilution is an effective toothpaste technique in terms of dentifrice dilution and viscosity. The use of finger brushes in the PTD method could increase the efficiency of dentifrice delivery.
Coelenterazine sulfotransferase from Renilla muelleri
Authors: Tzertzinis George , Baker Brenda , Benner Jack , Brown Elizabeth , Corrêa Ivan R. , Ettwiller Laurence , McClung Colleen , Schildkraut Ira
Published: October 2022

The luciferin sulfokinase (coelenterazine sulfotransferase) of Renilla was previously reported to activate the storage form, luciferyl sulfate (coelenterazine sulfate) to luciferin (coelenterazine), the substrate for the luciferase bioluminescence reaction. The gene coding for the coelenterazine sulfotransferase has not been identified. Here we used a combined proteomic/transcriptomic approach to identify and clone the sulfotransferase cDNA. Multiple isoforms of coelenterazine sulfotransferase were identified from the anthozoan Renilla muelleri by intersecting its transcriptome with the LC-MS/MS derived peptide sequences of coelenterazine sulfotransferase purified from Renilla. Two of the isoforms were expressed in E. coli, purified, and partially characterized. The encoded enzymes display sulfotransferase activity that is comparable to that of the native sulfotransferase isolated from Renilla reniformis that was reported in 1970. The bioluminescent assay for sensitive detection of 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphate (PAP) using the recombinant sulfotransferase is demonstrated.
Feasibility study of a LED light irradiation device for the treatment of chronic neck with shoulder muscle pain/stiffness
Authors: Odagiri Keiichi , Yamauchi Katsuya , Toda Masahiro , Uchida Ayako , Tsubota Hiromi , Zenba Kazuyoshi , Okawai Hiroaki , Eda Hideo , Mizuno Seiichiro , Yokota Hiroaki
Published: October 2022

Neck with shoulder muscle stiffness/pain is a common disorder. Commonly used physical therapy, pharmacotherapy, acupuncture, and moxibustion only temporarily alleviate the disorder in most cases, thus the disorder often recurs. Low power laser therapy is often used for neck and shoulder stiffness/pain and has been effective in clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a newly developed self-care device for disorders including neck with shoulder muscle stiffness/pain. The device incorporates light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are safer than lasers, as its light source. Ten adults with neck with shoulder muscle stiffness/pain were subject to LED irradiation (wavelength 780 nm ± 15 nm, output 750 mW, power density 3.8 W/cm2, energy density 5.7×102 J/cm2) for 3 minutes on the affected shoulder at a standard acupuncture point (GB21, Jianjing). Immediately after irradiation, the subjective symptoms of the neck with shoulder muscle stiffness and pain evaluated by a visual analog scale were improved from 58.3 mm ± 18.7 mm to 45.5 mm ± 21.5 mm and from 45.8 mm ± 23.3 mm to 39.4 mm ± 21.8 mm, respectively. The symptoms further improved after 15 minutes of irradiation. The skin temperature at the irradiated point increased from 34.3°C ± 1.1°C to 41.0°C ± 0.7°C. The increase in skin temperature was observed within approximately 5 cm of the irradiated area. There was no effect on the heart rate variability, a measure of the autonomic nervous system; however, the baroreflex sensitivity was slightly increased. No irradiation-related adverse skin events were observed. Our LED irradiation device was found to be safe, and it improved the subjective symptoms of muscle stiff neck with shoulders.
Lost in translation: Challenges in creating new transformative innovation policy practices
Authors: Ulmanen Johanna , Bergek Anna , Hellsmark Hans
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this paper is to identify key challenges that national policymakers face in trying to translate transformative innovation policy (TIP) theory into policy practice. We focus on the case of the Swedish innovation agency Vinnova’s attempt to translate its TIP-related innovation perspective into the policy practice of the Swedish Innovation Partnership Programme (IPP). By means of a discourse perspective, we identify two key discourses and one institution influencing Vinnova’s translation process. In addition, we describe four key challenges that Vinnova faces in this translation process relating to (i) the involvement of relevant stakeholders, (ii) overcoming a dominant discourse, (iii) time constraints of an institutionalized parliamentary system, and (iv) realizing policy coordination ambitions. This study adds to previous literature in identifying dominant discourses or institutional structures as a key barrier for change. Its contribution is to show how transformative translation challenges are played out in a national-level context.
Luxury service brand extensions and their spillover effects on customers’ evaluations of luxury gastronomy foodservice: The case of Michelin-starred restaurants
Authors: Batat Wided
Published: October 2022

Drawing on a consumer perspective, this article identifies the types of brand extension strategies in the luxury hospitality and foodservice field and their spillover effects on consumers’ evaluations of the image of the parent brand of the luxury restaurant. Using a multi-method approach combining focus groups and in-depth interviews, we conducted an exploratory qualitative research study utilizing 35 participants to examine their perceptions of Michelin-starred restaurants’ extension strategies and how they can affect customers’ attitudes towards the images of Michelin-starred chefs and the luxury gastronomic sector overall. The study found that not only brand extension types count when examining the spillover effects – positive, negative and mixed – on customers’ evaluation of the parent brand image. Two other elements should be considered: a brand’s strategic focus (i.e. personal, social or functional) and customers’ acquaintance and levels of knowledge of the consumption field in which the parent brand operates. Our results contribute to the literature on brand extensions and spillover effects that mainly focus on products. Thus, the findings provide valuable insights into service brand extension factors that influence customers’ perceptions and attitudes towards luxury service brands and thus contribute to scholars’ calls for more studies on brand extensions and their effects in the service field – ones combining hospitality, luxury and the foodservice industry.
Eco-Theology: Content Analysis Of The Teaching Contents Employed For Environmental Education In The Religious Education Curricula From Basic Schools To High Schools In Ghana
Authors: Asare Janix
Published: October 2022

Eco-theology, a subset of science and religion, the old rivals is emerging as one oft he alternatives to environmental protection. Therefore this study did a content analysis oft he teaching contents employed for environmental education in the religious education curricula from basic schools to high schools in Ghana, a highly religious country faced withe nvironmental problems.

The religious education curricula for grade 1-12 from elementary school to senior highs chool contain easily identifiable concepts of environmental education. The curricula soughtt o shape in students characters care for the environment, sought to teach eco-spiritualty conditioning ecological beliefs about nature destiny, teach subject specific practices about morals, character and attitude as well as tutor personal and social values that are essential for individual and societal growth and development.

However, the religious education curricula lacked clarification of the distinction between the role of God and the role of man in environmental protection which may leave room for misconceptions in eco-theology. However, no amendments on applying pragmatic solutions trying how Refutation Texts can impact Conceptual Change in Eco-Theology edification has been realised, therefore further studies on this topic is being implemented.
Predictors to a Failed Initial Routine Hearing Screening Test among Newborns
Authors: de la Bajan Carl Vinzon
Published: October 2022

Predictors to a Failed Initial Routine Hearing Screening Test among Newborns in Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center

Objective: To determine the predictors to a failed initial routine OAE hearing screening test among newborns born at Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center (VSMMC).

Methodology: All charts of neonates born at VSMMC regardless of the course in the ward but underwent routine initial hearing screening anytime from birth to 1 month old were included in this study. This study was conducted on two groups of patients: case (those who failed the initial OAE) and control (those who passed initial OAE). Neonatal and maternal factors were compared among the cases and controls and associations were determined.

Results: A total of 880 patient charts were reviewed and respective data were analyzed. A total of ninety one percent (91.93%) passed and eight percent (8.07%) failed the initial routine hearing screening (OAE) test. The predictors measured in this study were found to have no association towards failing the OAE test the first time.

Conclusion: This study showed that although there are numerous neonatal or maternal factors that can manifest with hearing impairment in the future, an initial routine hearing screening test is only a screening tool and failure of an initial routine test is not directly attributed to these predictors. However, further studies are needed to follow up the eight percent who failed the initial test to narrow down our true failed group. Also, prospective studies might potentially yield more accurate data and a larger population and use of a multicenter study group might increase sensitivity of study.
INFLUENCE OF THE SCENARIO COMPLEXITY AND
THE LIGHTING CONDITIONS ON THE DRIVER BEHAVIOUR IN A CAR-FOLLOWING SITUATION
Authors: Jurecki Rafał
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to analyse the driver behaviour in simple and complex car-following situations under day- and night-time lighting conditions (four scenarios). Nearly 70 drivers participated in the tests, each taking several trials, during which they were exposed to randomly selected situations. The tests involved driving along a two-lane motorway with a vehicle in front and responding to its sudden braking. Different distances between the vehicles were simulated. The scenarios varied in complexity ranging from none to some vehicles around the subject vehicle.
The study involved measuring different reaction times, i.e. the time to release the accelerator pedal, the time to apply the brake pedal and the time to start steering, to find out how the particular emergency manoeuvres contribute to the occurrence of collisions in the four scenarios.
The results show that both the complexity of a road situation as well as the lighting conditions determine the type of emergency manoeuvre undertaken and the time of the driver reaction.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE COLLISION OF MANY CARS CONSIDERED AS THE SYSTEM OF MATERIAL POINTS
Authors: Wicher Jerzy
Published: October 2022

In the situation of high intensity of motor vehicle traffic, collisions or accidents at road intersections often have the form of a collision of multiple cars. The reconstruction of such a road incident is often carried out as an attempt to estimate the velocities of individual cars, especially the velocity of the vehicle that caused the collision. In the analysis of motion of a larger number of vehicles, it may be sufficient to assume that they can be adequately represented by a system of material points with their mass values being known. In such a case, it may be possible to determine the velocity values necessary to assess the safety level and to estimate the degree of responsibility of individual drivers on the grounds of some elementary equations describing a system of material points. The objective of this article is to show, with a collision of three cars being taken as an example, that the determining of the velocity of the vehicle that caused the collision comes down to solving a few simple algebraic equations.
Before the reconstruction of a road incident is commenced, data are collected from the incident site. These data constitute the basic sources of evidence. Unfortunately, they may be burdened with a wide uncertainty margin. Therefore, adequate reliability of such data is often decisive for the obtaining of a correct result of the reconstruction. The article shows a possibility of improving the reliability of such data by using relative sensitivity factors to identify the parameters of the road incident under consideration that have the strongest influence on the final calculation result. This means that the values of such parameters should be estimated with the greatest possible accuracy because they have the strongest impact on the uncertainty of assessment of the traffic situation being examined.
Methods for improving the dynamic properties of the air braking systems of low-speed agricultural trailers
Authors: Kulikowski Krzysztof , Kamiński Zbigniew
Published: October 2022

Too low an operating speed of trailer air braking systems may lead to an inhibition of the braking asynchrony of agricultural tractor trailer units. Improved braking dynamics advanced braking systems with an electronic control unit (e.g. Trailer EBS) provide a more rational solution for high speed agricultural vehicles. In this paper, an overview of other methods for developing the dynamic properties of air braking systems for agricultural trailers is described. This paper provides an examples of braking system design parameters optimization, using a variety of accelerating valves and dynamic properties correcting devises, also as well, by using simple systems with an electronic controllers. The described methods of dynamic properties improvements can be used to improve the speed and operation synchrony of the air braking systems of low-speed agricultural trailers. The paper presents the influence of some of the described methods, with different levels of complexity, on the properties of typical air braking systems.
Technological and organisational challenges for e-mobility
Authors: Stańczyk Tomasz , Hyb Lech
Published: October 2022

With the rapid growth of schemes and initiatives to promote e-mobility and numerous measures taken to ensure its quick and effective implementation, there is a wide range of technological and non-technological problems, especially organisational, economic, legal and social in nature, that have to be handled by national and local governments all over the world. This article addresses some of the technological and organisational challenges for electromobility. The key technology-related issues to be coped with are the need for longer ranges of electric vehicles (EVs), shorter charging times and smart power grids (because of a higher demand for electrical energy). Another important problem to be solved urgently is the high battery weight, affecting the vehicle dynamics. Because of the excessive weight of the battery pack, there is a risk of its displacement during a crash, which may jeopardize the safety on the road. The next big concern, also associated with safety, is protection against electrical and fire hazards in the event of a collision. The most important of all the organisational challenges related to EVs is the necessity to create networks of charging stations. Their insufficient number and unsatisfactory distribution are strong barriers hampering the development of e-mobility. The organisational measures also include privileges such as access to bus lanes, already offered in some countries. Finally, there is the need to urgently train a large number of electricians to test and maintain EVs, the need to create a recycling system for used EV batteries, and the need to deal with the organisational aspects of the development of smart power grids.
High compression spark ignition engine with Variable Compression Ratio using Active Combustion Chamber.
Authors: Kubiak Przemyslaw , Glogowski Michal , Soghabatyan Tigran , Mrowicki Adam , D'Errico Gianluca
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this article Authors present the continuation of the calculations for theoretical ACC engine cycle, considering additionally “VCR function” – changeable compression level. For this purpose the self-acting volume change, realized by ACC system, was used. The ACC system was adjusted appropriately to control the compression level. The analysis is based on three cases, representing delayed, premature and optimal reaction of ACC system. Reactions are presented in form of plots with indicated pressure in the combustion chamber.
As the result of the conducted analysis and interpretation of obtained graphs, the calculation approach of compression ratio for ACC presented in previous article is being challenged. For the optimal reaction of ACC system, the theoretical operation schematics are devised and presented in the key points of the work. Based on the schematics, the values of theoretical efficiency were calculated for different cycles of theoretical ACC engine, in which regulation of compression ratio takes place.
Moreover, the presented analysis includes graphs with optimal courses of indicated pressure for significantly different work parameters of ACC engine, showing its regulation possibilities. Also the time scaled graphs (with millisecond as basic time unit) are presented to show the possibilities of dynamic ACC systems, which are comparable with the combustion time (from 3 to 0,5 ms). In this paper the general discussion is started about the compression ratio in more complex kinematic systems including ACC.
The monitoring results of accessibility of the transport environment for people with disabilities living in the city of Rivne
Authors: Nalobina Olena , Bundza Oleh , Holotiuk Mykola , Markova Olga
Published: October 2022

This work is the result of research carried out by an initiative group in the city of Rivne to assess the accessibility of the transport environment for people with disabilities. It was monitored of the rights of people with disabilities to access transport services to study the accessibility of vehicles for such people. Monitoring was carried out by means of questionnaire method, conduct survey, registration (observation) and expert evaluation. The questionnaire was attended by 100 people, among them: disabled people with diseases of the musculoskeletal system (20 people); visually impaired people (28 people); hearing impaired people (22 people); parents of children with cerebral palsy and autism (30 people). The monitoring results are presented in the form of graphs, tables and diagrams. Based on the expert assessment, a summary table of indicators with recommended for evaluating the accessibility of transport system elements was obtained. A list of priority measures was proposed to create an accessible urban transport environment. The results of the monitoring are the basis for further investigation of the problem of transportation of people with disabilities.
Impact of Significant Factors on Assessing the Technical Conditions of Vehicles at Technical Inspection Stations
Authors: Šarkan Branislav , Hudec Juraj , Semanova Stefania , Kiktova Monika , Djoric Vladimir
Published: October 2022

The paper analyses the assessment of the technical condition of vehicles at technical inspection stations in the Slovak Republic in the period of 2007 – 2019. There are described the legislative conditions for assessment of the technical condition of vehicles at technical inspections stations in the Slovak Republic. Data from technical inspections and defects within all technical inspection stations was recorded in the nationwide information system. These data was used as base for the next analysis. This paper also describes the possibilities for detection of deficiencies at technical inspection stations, and in the final part the impact of expert supervision on the operation of the selected technical inspection stations was analysed. The paper also examines significant factors affecting the assessment of the technical condition of vehicles at technical inspection stations in the Slovak Republic. The first factor represents legislative measures introducing more sophisticated technical means to control technical inspection stations, and the second factor is technical supervision by supervisory authorities over technical inspection stations.
Testing of lubricating properties of mixtures of diesel and RME biofuels with the addition of linoleic acid
Authors: Gardyński Leszek , Kałdonek Jolanta , Caban Jacek
Published: October 2022

In connection with the limited resources of fossil fuels and the reduction of emissions and stimulation of agricultural areas, a very important indication is the search for alternative fuels – biofuels. The article presents the results of testing the lubricating properties of selected fuel mixtures. The lubricity of diesel fuel (DF), DF with 7% content of methyl esters of rapeseed oil fatty acids (RME), technical linoleic acid and DF with 7% content of RME and 10% content of technical linoleic acid was tested. The research was carried out on the author's research stand in the amount of 20 dm3 of mixture. Four parameters were taken into account: mass loss of samples, the footprint area of cooperation, diameter of equivalent wheel and average value of the coefficient of friction. It has been shown that the addition of linoleic acid to diesel fuel containing RME causes a significant increase in the mass loss of the samples and the footprint area of cooperation as well as its diameter of equivalent wheel, during lubrication with such a mixture. As a result of the addition of linoleic acid, no positive results were obtained, as the lubricating properties in this case deteriorated. Therefore, it is justified to continue looking for fuel additives that will eliminate this negative effect.
Nonlinear method of precrash velocity determination for Mini car class-B-spline tensors products with probabilistic weights
Authors: Mrowicki Adam , Kubiak Przemysław , Zakrzewicz Wojciech
Published: October 2022

Following research paper introduces a nonlinear method of determining the velocity of a vehicle before the impact-the Equivalent Energy Speed (EES) for mini car class. To estimate the magnitude of EES, this method utilizes the deformation work Wdef of the vehicle, defined by the quotient of deformation coefficient Cs and plastic deformation. Currently used methods assume linear relationship between velocity, deformation and mass of the vehicle. New approach estimates such relation by means of three dimensional surfaces. Such mathematical model is based on data provided by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) that covers full frontal collisions with a rigid barrier. Vehicles take part in a standardized collision and are being crashed at a known velocity. Then the deformation is measured in six control points. Method introduces the B-spline tensor products and least square approximation with probabilistic weights that shows promising results. Linear approach generates relative error of 18.2% whereas the nonlinear approach reduces it down to 11.2%.
Experimental study of precision angle encoder
Authors: Uvarovas Povilas , Kavaliauskas Vilius , Kilikevičienė Kristina , Kilikevičius Artūras , Svilainis Paulius , Matijošius Jonas , Więckowski Dariusz
Published: October 2022

The application of new and advanced production processes plays an important role in the development of the manufacturing industry. This trend is especially relevant in the automotive industry, where each element must ensure high quality requirements. Therefore, automating the automotive manufacturing process is necessary to ensure the highest level of control methods. For this purpose, various sensors are used, the signals of which are analyzed and the control plan itself is adjusted. Experimental investigations of a precision angle encoder were performed in the work. During the research, the dynamic characteristics of the created stand were determined. Experimental studies yielded the results of an experimental study of a precision angle encoder when the system is subjected to shock and harmonic excitation. In order to elucidate the effect of oscillations on the accuracy of a high-resolution coded precision angle encoder, primary electrical signals and their change under oscillations were recorded. Studies have shown that high-resolution code-precision angle encoders have different design responses to dynamic effects depending on the direction of the vibrations acting.
The Effect of Biofuel on the Emission of Exhaust Gas from an Engine with the Common Rail System
Authors: Łagowski Piotr
Published: October 2022

The paper presents the results of experimental tests of a FIAT MultiJet 1.3 SDE 90 KM engine equipped with the common rail system, running at full load operation at rotational speeds of n= 1000, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 35000, 4000 and 4200 rpm, carried out on a dynamometer stand. During the tests, the engine was supplied with, respectively, diesel oil and rape oil fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and their mixtures: B20 (80% diesel oil and 20% FAME), B40 (60% diesel oil and 40% FAME), B60 (40% diesel oil and 60% FAME) and B80 (20% diesel oil and 80% FAME). The paper has assessed the effect of the additions of rape oil fatty acid methyl esters to diesel oil on the unit fuel consumption and the emission of harmful exhaust gas components: nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, particulates and carbon dioxide. The fuel consumption was measured using a AVL 730 Dynamic Fuel Consumption fuel dosimeter. The measurements of the concentrations of the above-mentioned harmful exhaust gas components were done with a MEXA-1600 DEGR analyzer manufactured by Horiba, while particulate emissions were measured with a MEXA-1230PM analyzer by Horiba.
Transport document in road freight transport - paper versus electronic consignment note CMR
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Tomicová Jana
Published: October 2022

The contract of carriage in road freight transport is regulated by the Convention on the Contract of Carriage in Road Freight Transport (CMR Convention). This Convention provides for a single accompanying document - the CMR consignment note. It is one of the most important documents in road freight transport. Since the adoption of the Convention, this paper document has accompanied the goods throughout the transport. Given that time goes on and everything is being modernized, digitized is no different in the case of a consignment note. In 2008, an Additional Protocol was adopted, which allows the use of an electronic consignment note instead of a paper consignment note. The aim of this paper is to analyze the most important document in road freight transport in its paper and electronic form. Another aim is to compare the paper and electronic consignment note, to explain the advantages of its introduction and also to explain why it is not widely used in modern times.
Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 - review of the adopted changes on 15 July 2020
Authors: Beňuš Ján , Demirci Ebru
Published: October 2022

The social legislation is a current and political issue in the field of road freight transport. Working conditions for drivers in the EU (including Switzerland, Norway, Liechtenstein, and Iceland) are governed by Regulation (EC) No 561/2006. Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 - known as the Driving Time Regulation - lays down rules on driving times, breaks and rest periods for drivers of lorries and buses to improve working conditions and road safety. A number of new amendments to this regulation were adopted on 15 July 2020. The aim of this paper is to present the most important changes adopted compared to the previous version of the Regulation. The paper deals with the adopted changes in the following areas: weekly rest periods, secure parking areas, vehicles which are transported by ferry or train and exceeding driving time which may jeopardize road safety. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize and inform researchers, practitioners and all interested parties about the adopted changes in the Regulation, as well as the transport companies responsible for planning and scheduling the working time of drivers and also for preventing unpleasant experiences resulting from possible compliance with the conditions of the Regulation. The adopted changes in Regulation are also illustrated in the figures and table to better understand the differences.
Influence of telematics of ubi insurance on the management of the fleet of company vehicles
Authors: Chaba Rafał
Published: October 2022

The advent and development of connected technologies and the adaptation of large collections of data are changing the face of all industries. A technological area that is gaining more and more in the era of automation and digitization of processes is the scope of utility telematics used mainly in the transport industry. The use of devices based on telematics technology allows for effective management of the vehicle fleet. The information collected and processed by the algorithm makes it possible to increase productivity, reduce costs and increase the safety of business fleets. One of the developing global trends is the use of telematics in the insurance industry to improve the area of risk assessment, and thus to better match the offer to a specific entity. The data flow between an insurer and their customers is growing exponentially, making the need for big data adaptation a cornerstone in the insurer's technological landscape. The aim of the article is to present the results of questionnaire studies presenting the driver's assessment before and after installing telematics devices on board the vehicle. The studies indicate the need to deal with aggressive business fleet drivers and their driving behaviour that has an impact on incidents and traffic incidents when traversing short- and long-haul routes. The comprehensive survey is also used to propose a solution that detects the risks posed by unsafe driving incidents on the road, taking into account the behavioural and emotional factors of the driver. The results of these studies will help the insurance industry to assess driving risks more accurately and propose a personalized premium calculation solution based on driver behaviour, which is most important for loss prevention in business fleets