bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data processing of whole process cost management in building engineering based on AI
Authors: Yu Sujing
Published: February 2025

Current housing construction projects are facing challenges such as cost overruns. Traditional cost forecasting methods can no longer meet the needs of the construction industry under digital transformation. This paper aims to explore a new cost forecasting method to improve forecasting accuracy and efficiency. This paper introduces the PSO-BP algorithm, which optimizes the weights and thresholds of BPNN to enhance the forecasting performance. The study selected 15 groups of housing construction project data with similar basic parameters as samples. After data cleaning, the BP neural network (BPNN) was used for cost prediction. To further improve the prediction effect, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to form the PSO-BP algorithm to optimize the weights and thresholds of BPNN. Research results show that the PSO-BP algorithm performs better than BPNN in cost prediction. Specifically, when predicting the cost of Project 1, the error of BPNN is 7.67 yuan/square meter, while the error of the PSO-BP algorithm is only 2.12 yuan/square meter. In addition, when predicting the risks of 8 projects, the maximum error of BPNN is 0.18 points, while the maximum error of the PSO-BP algorithm is only 0.04 points. The results show that the PSO-BP algorithm not only improves the accuracy of cost forecasting but also significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of risk assessment, helping to formulate more scientific cost control plans.
Analyzing the impact of features embedded in customers’ reviews of refurbished mobile phones on customer satisfaction
Authors: Aggarwal Anu Gupta , Tomar Shikha , Anand Sameer , Aakash Aakash
Published: February 2025

Tremendous amount of online reviews are posted every day on different online platforms which act as a valuable data reservoir for understanding customer satisfaction and analyzing customer's purchase intentions. Success largely depends on the retention of customers, which again depends on customer satisfaction (CS) levels, so understanding customer satisfaction is fundamental for the success of refurbishing products. Thus, this paper seeks to identify the features associated with customer satisfaction of refurbished mobiles by analyzing the online reviews collected from Amazon.com through ANN based prediction model. Later it was substituted with other classifiers namely Random Forest (RF), XG Boost (XGB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Decision tree (DT) to assess the accuracy of our Refurbished Mobile Customer Satisfaction (RMCS) prediction model. As a result of analyzing 400,000 reviews on refurbished mobiles, it was found that ANN outperformed other classifiers in predicting RMCS.
Issues and trends in generative AI technologies for decision making
Authors: Phillips-Wren Gloria , Virvou Maria
Published: February 2025

Generative AI (GenAI) technologies are examined through the lens of issues and trends related to decision making. After examining the foundations of the technology particularly related to large language models (LLM), opportunities for GenAI to be used in the decision-making process of intelligence, design, choice and implementation are explored. With its ability to rapidly generate insights, present optimized solutions, and provide detailed analysis of given input, the technology has demonstrated that it can assist and augment human decision making. Although GenAI systems have the potential to transform content creation and human cognition, they also raise issues around accuracy, misinformation, ethics, bias, morality, social impacts, privacy, copyright, legality, and explainability, among others. Addressing these challenges is important to maximize the efficacy of GenAI in decision making.
The impact of motor, non-motor, and social aspects on the sexual health of women living with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nóbrega Kátia Cirilo Costa , Nascimento Isaíra Almeida Pereira da Silva , Souza Bruno Rafael Antunes , Gonçalves Raíssa Amorim , Martins Thalyta Silva , Santos Geovanna Ferreira , Silva Bruno Eron de Almeida da , Helene Frazão André , Roque Antônio Carlos , Savica Rodolfo , Pimentel Piemonte Maria Elisa
Published: February 2025

Background

Sexual health is influenced by a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors, all of which can be impacted by Parkinson's disease (PD). Female sexual dysfunction includes reduced sexual desire and/or arousal, pain during sexual activity, or difficulty achieving orgasm. Despite its impact on quality of life, sexual health in women with PD remains poorly understood.

Objective

To investigate the impact of motor, non-motor, and social PD aspects on sexual health of women with PD.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study with 100 women with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1–3) who reported an active sex life in the last six months. Data were collected via remote interviews and included demographic and clinical features, cognitive capacity, motor and non-motor experiences, fatigue, self-esteem, sleep disorders, couple relationship quality, depressive symptoms, and sexual health assessments using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Sexual Quotient-Female (SQ-F). Multiple regression models were used to identify predictors of FSFI and SQ-F scores.

Results

Results indicated that while several motor, non-motor, and social factors correlated with sexual health, only couple relationship quality and sleep quality significantly predicted both short-term (FSFI) and long-term (SQ-F) sexual health. No significant associations were observed with age, disease onset, postmenopausal status, or daily medication dosage.

Conclusions

The present study's evidence identifies multiple key areas, such as couple's relationship quality and sleep quality that could be targeted for intervention to improve sexual health in women with PD.
Toward Detection of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in People With Diabetes Using Consumer-Grade Smartwatches and a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Mendez Camilo , Kaykayoglu Ceren Asli , Bähler Thiemo , Künzler Juri , Lizoain Aritz , Rothenbühler Martina , Schmidt Markus H. , Laimer Markus , Witthauer Lilian
Published: February 2025

Background:

Nocturnal hypoglycemia poses significant risks to individuals with insulin-treated diabetes, impacting health and quality of life. Although continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems reduce these risks, their poor accuracy at low glucose levels, high cost, and availability limit their use. This study examined physiological biomarkers associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia and evaluated the use of machine learning (ML) to detect hypoglycemia during nighttime sleep using data from consumer-grade smartwatches.

Methods:

This study analyzed 351 nights of 36 adults with insulin-treated diabetes. Participants wore two smartwatches alongside CGM systems. Linear mixed-effects models compared sleep and vital signs between nights with and without hypoglycemia during early and late sleep. A ML model was trained to detect hypoglycemia solely using smartwatch data.

Results:

Sixty-six nights with spontaneous hypoglycemia were recorded. Hypoglycemic nights showed increased wake periods, heart rate, stress levels, and activity during early sleep, with weaker effects during late sleep. In nights when hypoglycemia occurred during early sleep, the ML model performed comparable or better than prior studies with an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.78 for level 1 and 0.83 for level 2 hypoglycemia, with sensitivity of 0.78 and 0.89, specificity of 0.64 for both, negative predictive value of 0.94 and 0.99, and positive predictive value of 0.25 and 0.13 for level 1 and level 2 hypoglycemia, respectively.

Conclusions:

Consumer-grade smartwatches demonstrate promise for detecting nocturnal hypoglycemia, particularly during early sleep. Refining models to reduce false alarms could enhance their clinical utility as low-cost, accessible tools to complement CGM.
Forgiving the Foul: The Role of Moral Decoupling, Emotions, and Forgiveness in Fan Responses to Sports Crises
Authors: Ndone James , Abdallah J.C.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates how team identification, moral emotions, and moral decoupling influence fans’ punitive behaviors in response to sports-related crises. Using a sample of 437 sports fans, the researchers examined whether negative moral emotions (anger, contempt, and disgust) drive punitive behaviors and how team identification affects moral decoupling. Findings reveal that higher team identification is associated with increased moral decoupling, enabling fans to separate their support for team performance from ethical transgressions. Additionally, negative moral emotions were significant predictors of punitive behaviors, with perceived crisis severity mediating the relationship between team identification and fan punishment. Forgiveness emerged as a key moderator, reducing the likelihood of punitive actions among highly identified fans. However, forgiveness did not moderate the relationship between team identification and moral decoupling. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Enhancing Professionalism Online (Netiquette) in Medical Schools: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Ng Donovan Kai Wei , Liang Jonathan Zhen , Wong Ruth Si Man , Raveendran Vijayprasanth , Phua Gillian Li Gek , Fong Warren , Lim Crystal , Zhou Jamie Xuelian , Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha
Published: February 2025

Background

The relaxing of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions has not seen the return to previous in-person teaching formats. As blended training continues to be used, there is emphasis on the need to better appreciate the expectations, etiquette, and professional code of conduct (“netiquette”) surrounding online learning, especially in light of evidence that poor online professionalism compromises learning and clinical practice.

Objectives

This review seeks to map regnant netiquette guidelines in medical schools that will inform and provide preliminary recommendations for a clinically relevant framework.

Design

This study is a systematic scoping review (SSR).

Methods

Krishna's Systematic Evidence-Based Approach (SEBA)'s Constructivist ontological and Relativist epistemological lens was used to guide this SSR. The SEBA process involves 6 stages, including the Systematic Approach, Split Approach, Jigsaw Perspective, Funneling, Analysis of evidence-based and non-data-driven literature, and Synthesis of the SSR in SEBA.

Results

In total, 7941 abstracts were reviewed, 198 full text articles were evaluated, and 83 articles were included. The analysis of the results revealed 4 key domains: (1) current guidelines, (2) manifestations, (3) contributing factors, and (4) implications. This SSR in SEBA highlights variability and gaps in current guidelines and reveals the impact of sociocultural factors on breaches in netiquette. Unsurprisingly, contextual and clinical considerations shape the contributory factors impacting lapses in netiquette and their implications.

Conclusions

Based on the data accrued, this article proposes basic guidelines on netiquette and measures to support their effective employment. This includes curricular adaptations, methods of teaching and enhancing engagement with the students and faculty training. Drawing on prevailing studies, it also recommends methods of assessing netiquette, online professionalism, and the learning environment. Suggestions are also made for future areas of study.
Schwartz Rounds in Higher Education Settings: A Systematic Review of the Research with Recommendations
Authors: Zile Amy , Owen Joel , Gorick Hugh , Orford Amy , Panagiotaki Georgia
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Higher education institutions (HEIs) have recently integrated Schwartz Rounds (Rounds) as innovative ways of supporting health professional students’ reflective practice, interprofessional learning and compassionate care. Emerging evidence suggests that Rounds benefit students’ shared sense of belonging and insight into emotional aspects of training and care, providing safe places to share experiences and reflect. Our review examines the current literature regarding health students’ evaluation of Rounds in HEIs, exploring experiences and perceived benefits of participating. We consider methodological issues with the existing literature and propose ways of addressing these in future research.

METHODS

Systematic searches were conducted on EBSCO, PsycINFO, PubMed and ASSIA to identify available literature relating to Schwartz Rounds in higher education. Eight studies – six with a mixed method design and two qualitative – were included in the review. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed. Evaluation survey data and themes generated from qualitative responses were considered together and a narrative synthesis was constructed.

RESULTS

Despite challenges with differing measurements and scale usage, five themes were identified reflecting the experience and perceived benefits for students attending Rounds. Students highlighted the value of peer connection and communication; normalisation of emotions; collaborative reflection and self-awareness; and the relevance of Rounds in their daily work and patient care. Students also commented on barriers to participation including Rounds’ multidisciplinary nature, their group size, and the presence of staff. The majority of students rated Rounds as excellent or exceptional and agreed they should be integrated into the curriculum.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings on Schwartz Rounds in higher education suggest they support student reflective practice and confidence in providing compassionate, high-quality patient care. However, the quality of research in this area is mixed, reflecting the relatively recent integration of Rounds in Higher education, and the challenges of implementing and evaluating new interventions in educational settings.
Benign obstetric and gynaecological diseases associated with pleural effusion: a narrative review
Authors: Ferreiro Lucía , Toubes María E. , Rodríguez-Núñez Nuria , Valdés Luis
Published: February 2025

Certain obstetric and gynaecological diseases are associated with pleural effusion, including benign peripartum pleural effusion, endometriosis, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and Meigs syndrome. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of this group of rare diseases. A thorough understanding of their unique characteristics is required to ensure early identification, correct diagnosis and appropriate management.
The impact of teacher feedback on medical students’ self-regulated learning: a serial mediation model of teacher-student interaction and sense of school belonging
Authors: Tian Jing , Hui Zhidan , Lei Hongde
Published: February 2025

Background

Self-regulated learning is crucial for medical students because of the rigorous and dynamic nature of medical education. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive influence of teacher feedback on students’ self-regulated learning, particularly in basic education contexts. However, research exploring the mechanisms through which teacher feedback affects self-regulated learning among medical students in higher education contexts remains limited. This study aims to investigate the impact of teacher feedback on medical students’ self-regulated learning, with a focus on the mediation roles of teacher-student interaction and sense of school belonging.

Methods

Data were collected from a comprehensive survey of undergraduates at H University, a prestigious research-oriented institution in China. The sample included 6,546 medical students spanning five academic years (2014, 2016, 2018, 2021, and 2023). The Student Survey of Learning and Development questionnaire was utilized to collect data, and teacher feedback, teacher-student interaction, sense of school belonging, and self-regulated learning were chosen as variables in this study. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the relationships among these variables, with mediation and serial mediation effects assessed via the bootstrap method.

Results

Teacher feedback significantly predicted medical students’ self-regulated learning (β = 0.136, p < 0.001). Teacher-student interaction (β = 0.377, p < 0.001) and sense of school belonging (β = 0.325, p < 0.001) were found to mediate the relationship between teacher feedback and self-regulated learning. The mediation effects, with effect sizes of 0.116 for teacher-student interaction and 0.045 for sense of school belonging, accounted for 37.91% and 14.71% of the total effect, respectively. Additionally, there was a serial mediation model between teacher feedback and self-regulated learning that had a value of 0.009, accounting for 2.94% of the total effect.

Conclusion

This study provides empirical evidence supporting the role of teacher feedback in promoting medical students’ self-regulated learning, with teacher-student interaction and sense of school belonging serving as important mediating factors. These findings have implications for designing effective educational interventions to cultivate self-regulated learners capable of adapting to the rapidly evolving landscape of medical knowledge and practice.
Strategies for improving maternal care for ethnic minority women with obstetric anal sphincter injuries in the UK
Authors: Olakotan Olufisayo , Sudhakar Vedhapriya , Lim Jennifer Nw , Bhavsar Mina , Siddiqui Farah , Ayaz Rabina , Henry Gillian O’Brady , Pillay Thillagavathie
Published: February 2025

Background

Women from minority ethnic groups in the UK have the highest prevalence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI), including third- and fourth-degree perineal tears sustained during childbirth. Incorporating the voices of mothers at higher risk of OASI is crucial in developing strategies to improve care and well-being.

Aim

To identify strategies perceived as important by women with lived experience of OASI in Leicester, UK, to improve their care and well-being.

Methodology

Women at high risk of and with lived experience of OASI in Leicester, UK, were invited, through our local maternity and neonatal voices partnership, to participate in a virtual focus group discussion (FGDs). Two FGDs were conducted to accommodate participants' availability. The first session included seven women, while the second session included three women. All participants were from underrepresented groups with lived experiences of OASI within the past one to ten years. A discussion guide was used to explore participants’ perceptions and experiences of OASI care, as well as their views on culturally and linguistically sensitive maternal care strategies. The discussion was recorded and transcribed. The data were analysed using the six-step thematic analysis approach by Braun and Clarke.

Results

The participants identified strategies to provide culturally appropriate care for obstetric anal sphincter injuries, including linguistically accessible prenatal resources, comprehensive midwifery training, updated prenatal education, standardized postpartum care, the inclusion of fathers in prenatal education, empathetic care, building trust, and community engagement and education.

Conclusion

This study highlights disparities in maternal healthcare outcomes for women from diverse ethnic backgrounds who experience OASI. Addressing these inequalities requires incorporating the voices of those directly affected to inform culturally sensitive policies and practices in maternal care.
Is non-conveyance solo-ambulances a useful mean to meet the increasing demand for emergency medical services in Denmark?
Authors: Møller Frederikke Amalie , Persson Mads Lillethorup , Engholm Elisabeth Larsen , Jensen Penille Horsbøl Kirkegaard , Vaeggemose Ulla , Gehrt Tine Bennedsen
Published: February 2025

Background

The growing demand for acute medical assistance creates an increasing pressure on emergency medical services (EMS) and emergency departments. This calls for initiatives to prevent avoidable admissions. A novel non-conveyance solo-ambulance was introduced in the Central Denmark Region; the Prehospital Visitation Unit (PVU). We investigated patient characteristics and prehospital management by the PVU, while exploring employee perspectives on the implementation process and how they perceived their expanded role and responsibilities working with the PVU.

Methods

This mixed-methods study had a convergent parallel design. Patient data was collected on all patients assessed by the PVU between April 1st 2022 and April 1st 2023. Furthermore, 19 semi-structured interviews with paramedics, EMS dispatchers and technical dispatchers partaking in the operation of the PVU were conducted. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis with an inductive approach, drawing on principles from grounded theory.

Results

Throughout the study period, the PVU served 1510 patients (median age: 60, IQR: 33–77). Among these, 83.6% were assigned an urgency level B, indicating acute, but not life-threatening, situations. Patients presented with a broad range of complaints, including a high number of patients with non-specific complaints. Paramedics completed treatment on-scene for 29.1% of all patients, spending a median time of 49 min (IQR: 33–64) on-scene. In the interviews, four themes were identified: (1) The implementation strategy had gaps, but was supported by ongoing adjustments, (2) Facilitating a patient-centered approach for the benefit of the patient and the system, (3) Community partnership and internal collaboration enabled paramedics as healthcare facilitators, and (4) Flexible workflows were needed to maintain professional agency.

Conclusions

The PVU seems to offer a valuable alternative within the EMS, particularly for patients with non-specific complaints and conditions manageable at a lower level of care. Strong collaboration allowed paramedics to take on a facilitating role, creating appropriate pathways and providing patient-centered care. However, for successful implementation, ongoing adjustments were required, particularly in maintaining the professional autonomy of the healthcare professionals. As prehospital EMS increasingly respond to non-acute medical needs, initiatives like the PVU can play an important role in meeting growing demands.
Pharmacogenomic of LH and its receptor: are we ready for clinical practice?
Authors: Conforti Alessandro , Di Girolamo Raffaella , Guida Maurizio , Alviggi Carlo , Casarini Livio
Published: February 2025

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is fundamental to support development and reproduction. It acts through a receptor expressed in the gonads, modulating mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, and steroidogenic signals. LH is also marketed as a drug for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), where it is administered to women to support the action of follicle-stimulating hormone and can lead to specific responses, depending on the individual genetic background. These concepts underline the relevance of a pharmacogenetic approach to COS, in the attempt to optimize clinical outcomes and avoid adverse events. However, knowledge is currently limited by the paucity of clinical studies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of LH and its receptor activity, starting from the description of their molecular pathways from in vitro studies. Data on LH action from in vivo studies were described, as well as the impact of LH and LH/choriogonadotropin (hCG) receptor genetic variants on folliculogenesis and its association with infertility or polycystic ovarian syndrome. Finally, evidence from clinical studies evaluating genetic polymorphisms in the context of assisted reproductive technology treatments and its implications for a pharmacogenomic approach were discussed.
Surfing follicular waves in ovarian stimulation: is there a role for LH in DuoStim protocols? A narrative review and SWOT analysis
Authors: Vaiarelli Alberto , Cimadomo Danilo , Cerrillo Maria , Ubaldi Filippo Maria , García Velasco Juan Antonio
Published: February 2025

IVF treatments should be personalized to collect an appropriate number of oocytes, taking into account the woman’s age and ovarian reserve, in order to maximize the efficacy and efficiency of the IVF process. From a scientific perspective, the ‘continuous recruitment theory’ suggests that several follicular waves are continuously recruited to grow and regress throughout one ovarian cycle. Clinically, this approach has paved the way for the theorization of a double stimulation protocol back-to-back in the same ovarian cycle (DuoStim) to rescue anovulatory waves. This protocol has been successfully adopted by several independent groups in the last decade to improve the number of oocytes in a short timeframe. Although the published data are promising for treating patients of advanced maternal age with reduced ovarian reserve and poor oocyte/embryo competence, the protocols adopted vary across studies. In this challenging population, choosing the appropriate protocol in the DuoStim context is critical to maximize the ovarian response and exploit the potential of individual follicular waves. In this regard, the administration of luteinizing hormone (LH) could be relevant to promote steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis, increase androgen production, improve pre-antral and antral follicle recruitment, and enhance the expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptors in the granulosa cells. This review presents a step-by-step outline of all DuoStim protocols and proposes a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis of LH administration in the context of DuoStim.
How does overweight affect bone mineral density and oral health in adult hypophosphatasia?– A single center experience
Authors: Dudde Florian , Fildebrandt Dominik , Petz Karin , Smeets Ralf , Gosau Martin , Amling Michael , Beikler Thomas , Barvencik Florian
Published: February 2025

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25 (kg/m²)) on the oral health status in patients with adult hypophosphatasia (HPP).

Materials and methods

Throughout a retrospective assessment both oral health status and bone metabolism including dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for bone mineral density (BMD) measures were analyzed. The oral health status was assessed by the decayed/missing/filled teeth index (DMFT), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), and the periodontal screening index (PSI). The study population was divided into two groups based on the overweight classification by BMI (Overweight = BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²; n = 17) vs. non-overweight ( BMI < 25 kg/m²; n = 31).

Results

48 HPP patients were included in this study. Overweight HPP patients showed a significantly reduced oral health status regarding filled teeth, DMFT, PSI, PPD and periodontitis severity index compared to non-overweight HPP patients. Furthermore, overweight HPP patients revealed significantly higher DXA findings regarding BMD, T- and Z-scores.

Conclusion

In the present study overweight (BMI ≥ 25 (kg/m²)) is associated with a poorer oral health status and higher BMD in adult HPP.

Clinical relevance

Since overweight is associated with a poorer oral health status in the general population and promotes the development of periodontal disease, the findings of the present study indicate that overweight also affects oral health in adult HPP.
“It’s a reasonable gamble”—rural residents’ experience participating in cancer clinical trials at a single rural trial unit
Authors: McPhee Narelle J. , Hughes Diane , Ristevski Eli
Published: February 2025

Background

We conducted a qualitative study to examine what factors influence rural-residing people with cancer to participate in cancer clinical trials (CCT) and what factors influence their retention in CCT.

Methods

Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from a regional cancer centre in Victoria, Australia, to participate in a semi-structured interview. Eligible participants were ≥ 18 years of age at the time of cancer diagnosis, newly consented to a clinical trial (< 1 year) or have been a trial participant for ≥ 1 year, lived in a non-metropolitan area classified within the Monash Modified (MM) Model 2–7 and able to provide informed consent. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data.

Results

Seventeen participants were interviewed; 10 identified as female and seven as male. Participant’s ages ranged from 52 to 77 years, with a median age of 62 years. Eight participants had been on a CCT for ≤ 1 and 10 for ≥ 1 year. Factors that influenced their decision to participate in a CCT included trust and confidence in clinical trial staff, exposure to and trust in the experiences of cancer peers, altruism, low-risk trials and local access to trials. The factors influencing their decision to remain in a CCT included balancing the benefits and burdens of the trial, having no doubts about participating despite knowing the risks and seeing the personal benefits of participating in a CCT.

Conclusion

Our study shows that trust-based relationships, peer support, and altruism encourage rural residents to participate in CCT. To improve access to CCT for rural residents, a multi-faceted approach involving clinicians, health services, trial sponsors and policymakers is needed. These approaches must promote and facilitate the inclusion of diverse populations, prioritise CCT participation, and inform patients of CCT opportunities. We must recognise the knowledge and expertise of rural patients and caregivers and ensure they are involved as co-designers of future CCTs.
Evaluation of ebony as a potential selectable marker for genetic sexing in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Nikolouli Katerina , Compton Austin , Tu Zhijian Jake , Bourtzis Kostas
Published: February 2025

Background

Aedes aegypti is expected to invade previously unoccupied areas, mainly due to the climate change, the increase in travel and trade activities and the continuous transformation of the rural environment into urban areas. The sterile insect technique (SIT), which relies on the mass production and release of sterile males, is an environmentally friendly approach that can be applied for population control of Ae. aegypti. SIT programs can be greatly benefited by a genetic sexing strain (GSS) and a reliable sex sorting system to minimize any accidental female release. Visually detectable or conditionally lethal selectable markers can be used for the development of new GSSs. In this study, we evaluated the suitability and competence of a mutant Ae. aegypti ebony strain for the development of a new GSS. The ebony gene is known to be involved in the pigmentation pathway of several dipteran insects, including Ae. aegypti.

Methods

An ebony gene knockout was developed though CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. G0 individuals with the desired phenotype were crossed, and progeny were screened in every generation. PCR and sequencing were performed using gDNA from a pulled leg to determine the mutant genotype. Quality control tests, including pupae and adult recovery rates, male sex ratio and fecundity, were applied to the ebony mutant line to determine whether the mutation confers any fitness cost.

Results

An Ae. aegypti ebony knockout mutant carrying a 5-bp deletion was obtained, which presented darker head and siphon phenotypes at the larval stage. However, genetic analysis revealed that this ebony mutation results in incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. The establishment of a pure ebony mutant line was not possible because of the fitness costs conferred by the mutation.

Conclusions

In this study, the adequacy and suitability of the ebony gene as a selectable marker for the development of a GSS in Ae. aegypti were assessed. Despite its clear phenotype early in larval development, the homozygous mutant line presented phenotypic inconsistency and loss of fertility. These drawbacks clearly indicate that this particular mutation is not suitable for the development of a new GSS. Nonetheless, it cannot be excluded that a different mutation will lead to a different expression and penetrance profile and a viable homozygous mutant line.

Graphical Abstract
Sex-dependent effects of a high-fat diet on the hypothalamic response in mice
Authors: Dreux Virginie , Lefebvre Candice , Breemeersch Charles-Edward , Salaün Colin , Bôle-Feysot Christine , Guérin Charlène , Déchelotte Pierre , Goichon Alexis , Coëffier Moïse , Langlois Ludovic
Published: February 2025

Sex differences in rodent models of diet-induced obesity are still poorly documented, particularly regarding how central mechanisms vary between sexes in response to an obesogenic diet. Here, we wanted to determine whether obese phenotype and hypothalamic response to a high-fat diet (HFD) differed between male and female C57Bl/6J mice. Mice were exposed to either a 60% HFD or a standard diet first for both a long- (14 weeks) and shorter-periods of time (3, 7, 14 and 28 days). Analysis of the expression profile of key neuronal, glial and inflammatory hypothalamic markers was performed using RT-qPCR. In addition, astrocytic and microglial morphology was examined in the arcuate nucleus. Monitoring of body weight and composition revealed that body weight and fat mass gain appeared earlier and was more pronounced in male mice. After 14 weeks of HFD exposure, normalized increase of body weight reached similar levels between male and female mice. Overall, both sexes under HFD displayed a decrease of orexigenic neuropeptides expression while an increase in Pomc gene expression was observed only in female mice. In addition, changes in the expression of hypothalamic inflammatory markers were relatively modest. We also reported that the glial cell markers expression and morphology were affected by HFD in a sex- and time dependent manner, suggesting a more pronounced glial cell activation in female mice. Taken together, these data show that male and female mice responded differently to HFD exposure, both on short- and long-term and suggest that a strong inflammatory hypothalamic profile is not systematically present in diet-induced obesity models. Nevertheless, in addition to these present data, the underlying mechanisms should be deciphered in further investigations.
Tranexamic acid in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Yu , Lai Pei-Chun , Huang Chih-Yuan , Song Junmin , Chi Kuan-Yu , Hung Hsiang-Yi , Huang Yen-Ta
Published: February 2025

Background

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a critical and disabling form of stroke and accounts for an obvious number of stroke-related deaths and disabilities globally. Hematoma growth is a key target for therapeutic intervention because of its association with poor outcomes. Recently, the STOP–MSU trial showed that intravenous tranexamic acid (TA) did not reduce hematoma growth or improve clinical outcomes when administered within 2 h of intracerebral hemorrhage symptom onset. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of TA in reducing hematoma growth and improving clinical outcomes in patients with spontaneous sICH by incorporating the findings from the latest STOP–MSU trial and consolidating past research to clarify the overall efficacy and safety of TA on sICH.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TA to placebo in adult patients with sICH. Databases such as PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane were searched up to May 2024. Key outcomes analyzed included hematoma expansion, mortality within 90 days, thromboembolic events, and favorable functional outcomes. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and analyzed using the “metafor” package in RStudio.

Results

Five RCTs involving 1419 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in hematoma expansion (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–1.03), mortality within 90 days (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.86–1.24), thromboembolic events (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.69–1.64), and favorable functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale of 0–2 at 90 days; OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.88–1.22) between the TA and placebo groups.

Conclusions

TA does not significantly reduce hematoma growth or improve clinical outcomes in patients with sICH. Despite its affordability and availability, the routine use of TA in sICH is not supported by current evidence.
Immunogenicity of monkeypox virus surface proteins and cross-reactive antibody responses in vaccinated and infected individuals: implications for vaccine and therapeutic development
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Xun , Zhang Yiting , Liu Changyi , Zhang Meng , Li Chen , Liu Peiling , Li Shanshan , Wei Kaifeng , Cai Yiming , Yu Hongjie , Hu Zhiliang , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Yanliang
Published: February 2025

Background

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concerns due to its widespread transmission. This study evaluated the MPXV immunogenic antigens and the impact of vaccinia virus (VACV) vaccination and MPXV infection on cross-reactive antibody responses to conserved proteins from representative MPXV strains that reflected the evolutionary trajectory.

Methods

Phylogenetic analyses were first conducted to reveal the evolutionary trajectory of MPXV from 1970 to 2024. A total of 84 serum samples were collected: 42 from VACV-vaccinated individuals, 12 from MPXV-infected participants in the early stage, 13 from the late stage, and 17 from naive individuals. Demographic data, MPXV and HIV status, as well as other clinical information were collected using standardized forms. Immunogenicity, cross-reactive antibody responses, and amino acid similarity to 15 MPXV surface proteins were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, VACV neutralization tests, and sequence alignment. Data analysis methods included analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, binary logistic regression, Pearson correlation, and linear regression, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05.

Results

The 186 complete genome sequences were classified into different clades and lineages, ranging from clade Ia to clade IIb C.1.1. Individuals infected with MPXV demonstrated strong antibody responses to antigens A35R, B6R, H3L, and E8L. VACV-vaccinated individuals exhibited broader cross-reactivity, particularly against A21L (P = 0.0003), A28L (P = 0.0028), A29L (P = 0.0324), G2R (P = 0.0003), and H2R (P = 0.0008), compared to MPXV-infected individuals. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant associations (P = 0.0049) between antibody responses and the amino acid sequence similarity with other orthopoxviruses. Furthermore, MPXV-infected individuals exhibited greater neutralizing activity against VACV than those VACV-vaccinated individuals (P < 0.0001), while the vaccinated group retained cross-protective immunity even decades post-vaccination.

Conclusions

A35R, B6R, H3L, and E8L are the main immunogenic antigens of MPXV. VACV-vaccination triggers a cross-reactive antibody response to MPXV surface proteins. Our findings suggest the need for targeted vaccines and antibody treatments for MPXV, as well as the reintroduction of smallpox vaccinations with booster doses for high-risk groups.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of lateral flow devices for rabies diagnosis in decomposed animal brain samples
Authors: Todoroki Ryota , Ongtangco Joely T. , Kimitsuki Kazunori , Saito Nobuo , Mananggit Milagros R. , Velasco Cornelio R. , Mauhay Jaira D. , Garcia Alyssa M. , Demetria Catalino S. , Kentaro Yamada , Nishizono Akira
Published: February 2025

Background

The Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (DFAT), the standard rabies confirmatory test, is less sensitive when used with decomposed brain samples, a frequent issue in rabies-endemic regions. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of the ADTEC lateral flow device (LFD) for rabies post-mortem diagnosis using decomposed brain samples.

Methods

We used 34 animal heads submitted with a cold chain to an animal diagnostic laboratory located in central Philippines including 26 DFAT-positive and eight DFAT-negative samples. After defrosting the heads, the entire brain was extracted and left at room temperature to induce decomposition. The decomposition status was scored after 1 day, 3 days, and 4 days at room temperature. DFAT and LFD were performed using the brain samples at each timepoint to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. The day of animal head submission to the laboratory was defined as day 0, and the DFAT results were used as the reference. Image analysis was performed to measure the intensity of the LFD-positive bands.

Results

The decomposition scores dropped by day 3 and day 4, with all samples exhibiting signs of advanced decomposition. The sensitivity of DFAT was 96.2% (95% confidence interval 80.4–99.9) on day 1, but dropped to 61.5% (P < 0.01) by day 3 and further decreased to 38.5% (20.2–59.4) by day 4. In contrast, the sensitivities and specificities of LFD on day 1, day 3, and day 4 were consistently 100% (86.3–100) and 100% (63.1–100), respectively. Visual examination of the test band intensity on the LFD suggested that the intensity of the positive bands increased as decomposition progressed.

Conclusions

ADTEC LFDs demonstrated consistently high sensitivity and specificity with decomposed brain samples observed up to day 4, making them a reliable screening tool for rabies post-mortem diagnosis in decomposed brain samples, particularly in resource-limited settings. Furthermore, LFD positive bands became more distinct as decomposition advanced.
Research on building energy consumption prediction algorithm based on customized deep learning model
Authors: Liang Zheng , Chen Junjie
Published: February 2025

Forecasting energy usage in buildings is essential for implementing energy saving measures. Precisely forecasting building energy use is difficult due to uncertainty and noise disruption.To achieve enhanced accuracy in predicting energy use in buildings, a deep learning approach is proposed. This paper proposes a customized convolutional neural network with Q-Learning (CCNN-QL) based reinforcement learning algorithm for predicting energy consumption in building.The suggested CCNN-QL model offers an auto-learning feature that predicts building energy consumption through an automated method, continually improving its predictive accuracy.To assess its performance, various building types were selected to study the factors influencing excessive energy consumption, and data were collected from multiple Chinese cities. The suggested model’s performance has been assessed using evaluation metrics, resulting in a low Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), indicating superior accuracy relative to comparable studies. Experimental results indicate that the suggested technique has superior predictive performance across several scenarios of building energy usage.
Scientific knowledge and wisdom of kimchi: a blessing Korean
Authors: Kwon Dae Young , Chung Kyung Rhan , Lee Chang Hyeon , Kim Soon-Hee , Daily James W. , Park Sunmin
Published: February 2025

Kimchi, a unique traditional fermented food of Korea, is a product of agricultural necessity and scientific serendipity. This blessed food, born from the efforts of Korean women striving to create delicious and lasting sustenance, has become an integral part of Korean cuisine. Always present in the traditional Korean bapsang, which means meal table setting alongside bap (rice), kuk (soup), and banchan (side dishes), kimchi's appeal remains constant despite frequent consumption. The origin and evolution of kimchi are intrinsically linked to Korea's history, with fermentation techniques and ingredients adapting to diverse regional and social environments over time. While contemporary research often focuses on kimchi processing and its health benefits, fewer studies explore the fermentation mechanisms, historical background, safety aspects, and preservation techniques of kimchi. Understanding the nature of kimchi requires a comprehensive examination of its biological role and historical context. This manuscript reviews kimchi fermentation from scientific and cultural perspectives, covering ingredients, microorganisms, fermentation mechanisms, and preservation history. We also discuss the safety, palatability, and health benefits of kimchi. The development of kimchi reflects centuries of culinary innovation by Korean women, who created yangnyom (seasonings) and fermented foods to enhance the nutritional value and flavor of bap, ultimately shaping the unique and delightful Korean cuisine we know today.
Influence of Termite Hill Soil as a partial cement replacement in mortar production
Authors: Tebabal Melkie Gedamu , Yifru Begashaw Worku , Getachew Ephrem Melaku , Yehualaw Mitiku Damtie
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the potential of Termite Hill Soil (THS) as a sustainable partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in mortar production. The experimental program involved preparing mortar mixtures with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% THS replacement levels by weight while maintaining a constant water-to-cement ratio. Various physical, chemical, fresh, mechanical, durability and microstructural properties were studied. The findings indicate that THS possesses pozzolanic properties. Workability and setting time decreased, while the water demand for normal consistency increased as THS content rose. The compressive strength results showed a 9.5% improvement at 5% THS and achieved 98% of the control mix at 10% THS. Additionally, THS5 and THS10 significantly enhanced bulk density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and compressive strength, particularly in the latter ages of mortar. The microstructural analysis confirmed improved density in these mixtures, along with respectable thermal properties and FTIR spectra. Overall, THS showcases promising and commendable performance, and its utilization as a substitute for OPC not only reduces the carbon footprint of cement production but also promotes sustainability within the construction industry.
Incorporating Complementary Therapies Into Diabetes Care
Authors: Blanchette Julia E , Paquin Forrest , Dobbs Brandi N , Kiely Rebecca L , Hatipoglu Betul
Published: February 2025

Context

Current diabetes care and education programs and expert clinical diabetes management guidelines focus on diabetes self-care behaviors and have yet to incorporate complementary therapies. Complementary therapies, such as music therapy, yoga, mindfulness, and art therapy, have been used globally for centuries and have positive metabolic and glycemic outcomes. In this mini-review, we describe complementary therapies successfully used in diabetes, identify current evidence-based practice gaps, and provide recommendations for incorporating complementary therapies into diabetes care.

Evidence Acquisition

We thoroughly searched relevant PubMed and Google Scholar studies from 2004 to 2024. Our inclusion criteria were clinical trial studies using the search terms “diabetes self-management” OR “metabolic outcomes” OR “diabetes” OR “type of complementary therapy (music therapy, mindfulness, yoga or art therapy) OR population (type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, diabetes).”

Evidence Synthesis

We synthesized the evidence to determine complementary therapies (music therapy, mindfulness, yoga, or art therapy) that benefit individuals with diabetes. Findings showed that complementary therapies support diabetes-related psychological and cardiometabolic outcomes and enhance the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists 7 Self-Care Behaviors for diabetes self-management, specifically healthy coping, monitoring, reducing risks, and problem-solving. Critical gaps included the lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials in North American diabetes self-management education programs.

Conclusion

Complementary therapies have positive psychological and physiological health benefits for people living with diabetes, yet more randomized controlled trials are needed to assess their effectiveness on a large scale. In the interim, complementary therapies can be integrated into diabetes education, specifically as adjunctive hands-on therapies to enhance self-management behaviors and meet self-management goals.