bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse childhood experiences and the development of Down syndrome regression disorder
Authors: Wang Sarah , Patel Lina , Sannar Elise A. , Khoshnood Mellad , Boyd Natalie K. , Mendez Lorena , Spinazzi Noemi A. , Quinn Eileen A. , Rafii Michael S. , Santoro Jonathan D.
Published: April 2023

Down syndrome regression disorder (DSRD) is a clinical symptom cluster of acute or subacute neurocognitive regression in otherwise health persons with Down syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate if adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were more prevalent in children with DSRD than those with DS alone. A survey‐based, cohort‐based study was performed. Caregivers of individuals with DSRD with onset of symptoms between age 10 and 30 years and DS alone were administered the ACEs questionnaire via an online REDCap survey. A total of 159 responses were collected after excluding incomplete surveys and those not meeting criteria for DSRD. Individuals with DSRD were not more likely to experience ACEs (p = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–1.17). In those with ACEs prior to the onset of symptoms, the median time prior was 7 months (interquartile range: 5–10). Individuals with DSRD were more likely to report three or more ACEs (52, 33%) compared to those with DS alone (39, 22%) (p = 0.02, 95% CI: 1.08–2.87). Exposure to ACEs were not predictive of response to particular therapeutic interventions although those with multiple ACEs 3 months prior to the onset of symptoms was associated with lower response rates to benzodiazepines and immunotherapy (p = 0.02, 95% CI: −3.64–−1.13). This study provides preliminary data that individuals with DSRD experience ACEs at a similar rate to individuals with only DS alone, although three or more ACEs, often preceding the onset of symptoms, was more prevalent in individuals with DSRD.
Tuneable structural and optical properties of inorganic mixed halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Suhail Atif , Teron Gunadeep , Yadav Ankur , Bag Monojit
Published: April 2023

Highly fluorescent cesium lead‐based (CsPbX3, X═Br, Cl, I) inorganic metal halide perovskites semiconductors have gained immense popularity in the last decade due to the economic and straightforward fabrication techniques involved in these materials along with their excellent electrical and optoelectronic properties. Cesium lead halide nanocrystals are well known for their fluorescence in the visible region with extremely high internal quantum efficiencies; thus making them highly suitable for the fabrication of efficient light‐emitting diodes, transistors and photodetectors. Although perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are more fluorescent compared to their bulk counterpart, there have been very few reports on the synthesis and characterization of CsPbX3 perovskite NCs. In this work, we have synthesized and investigated the CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr2I NCs to understand the fundamental optoelectronic properties and structural integrity in mixed halide perovskite NCs. We have estimated ~10 nm average particle size of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals from the high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) while CsPbBr2I has ~16 nm average particle size with slightly higher polydispersity. Most interestingly, we do not observe any phase segregation of bromide and iodide ions in mixed halide perovskite quantum dots due to finite size effect. This is also confirmed by the energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping data. However, CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are relatively more stable than the mixed halide perovskite nanocrystals due to fewer defects. Anomalous behavior is observed in the photoluminescence intensity with the variation of precursor concentration indicating a complex nature nanoparticle synthesis.
Lessons Learned in Biofiltration
Authors: McKie Michael J. , Curl Jason M.
Published: April 2023

Key Takeaways

Research and operational experience have proved biofiltration's success, answering many questions that utilities considering it for treatment may have.

Determining treatment objectives is the best starting point for water providers that are new to biofiltration.

Upon full‐scale implementation, operations staff should be familiar with maintenance strategies unique to biofiltration to prevent biological overgrowth.

Understanding biofiltration's benefits and applications is an evolving process.
Risk‐Based Long‐Term Renewal Planning and Budget Forecasting for Aging Pipelines
Authors: Chakraborti Rajat K. , Green Jonathan M. , Hollander Maria C. , Erichsen George A. , Hogan Edward F. , Kaur Jagjit , Lopezcalva Enrique , Santucci Miranda
Published: April 2023

Key Takeaways

Strategic planning for pipe renewal and replacement (R&R) is key to saving money, maintaining high‐quality service to customers, and preventing catastrophic infrastructure failures.

A proactive capital improvement plan involves condition assessment, risk analysis, project prioritization, and creation of an R&R schedule, giving priority to pipes most in need.

Scenario analysis using a powerful simulation model provides a systemwide forecast that is instrumental in planning, budgeting, and making the most of utility assets.
Exclusionary discipline: Missed opportunities for youngest learners
Authors: Accavitti Maria , Newland Rebecca
Published: April 2023

Over a decade of data at state and national levels show that preschoolers, toddlers, and even infants, are continuously being suspended and expelled from early care and education settings because of behavioral concerns. Trends in these data also illustrate the pervasiveness of systemic racial and social inequities in the United States through the lifespan, with children who are Black, Native American, and multiracial and children with disabilities being disproportionately denied access to participate fully in early learning settings (Allen et al., 2022). Sending a child home is not effective in improving their adjustment or increasing their success within the classroom environment. On the contrary, children who are suspended are at increased risk of repeated suspensions, social isolation and withdrawal at school, poor achievement, dropping out, and entering the juvenile justice system.
Reflections on an ongoing pilot using the ADDRESSING Model
Authors: Charity‐Parker Bianka
Published: April 2023

The ongoing effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic have changed the very makeup of the American experience down to the acute onset of mental health care involvement for children and families. According to a recent systematic review of 35 survey studies of children and adolescents from 4 to 19 years of age (Theberath et al., 2022), the global pandemic has exacerbated the prevalence of mental health issues among youth for disorders ranging from depression and anxiety to post‐traumatic stress disorder and suicidality. However, innumerable disparities exist which have simultaneously increased mental health‐related visits for youth as well as decrease the likelihood of them accessing proper mental health care in this country to below 20% within the past three years (Abramson, 2022).
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2023

The use of telehealth in therapist coaching parents of children with delays

The importance of sleep to quality of life in children

The disproportionate drug testing of Black newborns
The impact of Down syndrome‐specific non‐malignant hematopoietic regeneration in the bone marrow on the detection of leukemic measurable residual disease
Authors: Hsu Fan‐Chi , Hudson Chad , Wilson Elisabeth R. , Pardo Laura M. , Singleton Timothy P. , Xu Dongbin , Zehentner Barbara K. , Hitzler Johann , Berman Jason , Wells Denise A. , Loken Michael R. , Brodersen Lisa Eidenschink
Published: April 2023

Background

Detection of measurable residual disease detection (MRD) by flow cytometry after the first course of chemotherapy is a standard measure of early response in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Myeloid leukemia associated with Down Syndrome (ML‐DS) is a distinct form of AML. Differences in steady‐state and regenerating hematopoiesis between patients with or without DS are not well understood. This understanding is essential to accurately determine the presence of residual leukemia in patients with ML‐DS.

Methods

A standardized antibody panel defined quantitative antigen expression in 115 follow‐up bone marrow (BM) aspirates from 45 patients following chemotherapy for ML‐DS or DS precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL‐DS) with the “difference from normal (ΔN)” technique. When possible, FISH and SNP/CGH microarray studies were performed on sorted cell fractions.

Results

93% of BM specimens submitted post chemotherapy had a clearly identifiable CD34+CD56+ population present between 0.06% and 2.6% of total non‐erythroid cells. An overlapping CD34+HLA‐DRheterogeneous population was observed among 92% of patients at a lower frequency (0.04%–0.8% of total non‐erythroid cells). In B‐ALL‐DS patients, the same CD34+CD56+ HLA‐DRheterogeneous expression was observed. FACS‐FISH/Array studies demonstrated no residual genetic clones in the DS‐specific myeloid progenitor cells.

Conclusions

Non‐malignant myeloid progenitors in the regenerating BM of patients who have undergone chemotherapy for either ML‐DS or B‐ALL‐DS express an immunophenotype that is different from normal BM of non‐DS patients. Awareness of this DS‐specific non‐malignant myeloid progenitor is essential to the interpretation of MRD by flow cytometry in patients with ML‐DS.
Neurophysiology of predictable unpleasant event processing in preadolescents and early adolescents, part I: Event‐related potential markers of unpleasant image anticipation and processing
Authors: Sege Christopher T. , McTeague Lisa M. , Kegley Molly , Shacklewood Curtisha , Halliday Colleen A. , Calhoun Casey D. , Joseph Jane E. , Adams Zachary W. , Hajcak Greg , Danielson Carla Kmett
Published: April 2023

The ability to anticipate and process predictable unpleasant events, while also regulating emotional reactivity, is an adaptive skill. The current article and a companion in this issue test for potential changes in predictable event processing across the childhood‐to‐adolescence transition, a key developmental period for biological systems that support cognitive/emotional abilities. While the companion article focuses on emotion regulation and peripheral attention modulation in predictable unpleasant contexts, the current paper presents neurophysiological markers of predictable event processing itself. 315 third‐, sixth‐, or ninth‐grade individuals saw 5‐s cues predicting “scary,” “every day,” or uncertain image content; in this paper, cue‐ and picture‐locked event‐related potentials (ERPs) are analyzed. During the cue, early ERP positivities were increased and later slow‐wave negativities were reduced when predicted content was scary as compared with mundane. After picture onset, a picture processing‐related positivity was then increased for scary compared with everyday images regardless of predictability. Cue‐interval data suggest enhanced processing of scary cues and reduced anticipatory processing of scary images—opposite to adults. After event onset, meanwhile, emotional ERP enhancement regardless of predictability is similar to adults and suggests that even preadolescent individuals maintain preferential engagement with unpleasant events when they are predictable.
Trained immunity from the perspective of Plasmodium infection
Authors: Li Jiajie , Liu Lin , Chen Dianhui , Yin Weiguo , Huang Jun
Published: April 2023

The immune system of vertebrates includes innate immunity and adaptive immunity, and the network between them enables the host to fight against invasions of various pathogens. Recently, studies discovered that immune memory is one of the features of innate immunity, breaking the previous opinion that immune memory exists only in adaptive immunity. Immune memory supports innate immune cells to respond efficiently upon reinfection or restimulation. During the Plasmodium infection, the innate immune system is the first to be triggered, and innate immune cells are activated by components from Plasmodium or Plasmodium‐infected red blood cells. Innate immune cells could be induced to develop memory after the activation and may play an important role in the subsequent infection of Plasmodium or other pathogens and stimulation. This review will discuss the recent findings relevant to trained immunity and Plasmodium infection, facilitating the understanding of the role of trained immunity in malaria and other diseases and the development of therapeutic strategies based on trained immunity.
Investigation of the correlation between brain functional connectivity and ESRD based on low‐order and high‐order feature analysis of rs‐fMRI
Authors: Bai Peirui , Wang Yulong , Zhao Feng , Liu Qingyi , Wang Chengjian , Liu Jun , Qiao Yaqian , Ma Chi , Ren Yande
Published: April 2023

Background

The lack of analysis of brain networks in individuals with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is an obstacle to detecting and preventing neurological complications of ESRD.

Purpose

This study aims to explore the correlation between brain activity and ESRD based on a quantitative analysis of the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of brain networks. It provides insights into differences in brain functional connectivity between healthy individuals and ESRD patients and aims to identify the brain activities and regions most relevant to ESRD.

Methods

Differences in brain functional connectivity between healthy individuals and ESRD patients were analyzed and quantitatively evaluated in this study. Blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signals obtained through resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) were used as information carriers. First, a connectivity matrix of dFC was constructed for each subject using Pearson correlation. Then a high‐order connectivity matrix was built by applying the “correlation's correlation” method. Second, sparsification of the high‐order connectivity matrix was performed using the graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (gLASSO) model. The discriminative features of the sparse connectivity matrix were extracted and sifted using central moments and t‐tests, respectively. Finally, feature classification was conducted using a support vector machine (SVM).

Results

The experiment showed that functional connectivity was reduced to some degree in certain brain regions of ESRD patients. The sensorimotor, visual, and cerebellum subnetworks had the highest numbers of abnormal functional connectivities. It is inferred that these three subnetworks most likely have a direct relationship to ESRD.

Conclusions

The low‐order and high‐order dFC features can identify the positions where brain damage occurs in ESRD patients. In contrast to healthy individuals, the damaged brain regions and the disruption of functional connectivity in ESRD patients were not limited to specific regions. This indicates that ESRD has a severe impact on brain function. Abnormal functional connectivity was mainly associated with the three functional brain regions responsible for visual processing, emotional, and motor control. The findings presented here have the potential for use in the detection, prevention, and prognostic evaluation of ESRD.
Family members' perceptions of counselling during visits to loved ones in an adult ICU
Authors: Vanhanen Minna , Meriläinen Merja H. , Ala‐Kokko Tero , Kyngäs Helvi , Kaakinen Pirjo
Published: April 2023

Aims

The study's aims were to (1) assess family members' perceptions of the quality of the counselling they received while visiting a loved one in an adult ICU and (2) identify factors that influence family members' perceptions of counselling quality.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey of visiting family members of adult ICU patients.

Methods

Family members (n = 55) at eight ICUs across five Finnish university hospitals completed a cross‐sectional survey.

Results

Family members assessed the quality of counselling in adult ICUs to be good. Factors associated with the quality of counselling were knowledge, family‐centred counselling, and interaction. Family members' ability to live normally was associated with understanding of the loved one's situation (ρ = 0.715, p < 0.001). Interaction was associated with understanding (ρ = 0.715, p < 0.001). Family members felt that intensive care professionals did not adequately ensure that they understood counselling‐related issues and that they lacked opportunities to give feedback, in 29% of cases, staff asked the family members whether they understood the counselling and 43% of family members had opportunities to offer feedback. However, the family members felt that the counselling they received during ICU visits was beneficial.
Improved dispersion of reduced graphene oxide in benzoxazine composites via electrostatic interaction with M‐cresol
Authors: Du Jie , Li Shuiquan , Wang Meichen , Liu Huihui , Wang Yan , Song Ping , Wang Zhi
Published: April 2023

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) exerts excellent performance in polymers, but suffers from poor dispersion. Here, the electrostatic interaction between the phenolic hydroxyl group of m‐cresol and rGO was discovered for the first time, and benzoxazine with m‐cresol containing rGO as the phenolic source were synthesized to achieve a more uniform dispersion of rGO in benzoxazine. The results show that the in situ synthesized rGO/benzoxazine system exhibited superior properties, including a lower curing reaction temperature (21°C relative reductions in curing temperature (225.7°C) for the system with 2 wt% rGO added in situ), higher dielectric constant ((8.69) relative improvement of 0.79), higher electromagnetic shielding value at 8.2–12.4 GHz ((7.45 dB) relative improvement of 0.75 dB), and higher thermal diffusivity at room temperature ((0.162 mm2/s) relative improvement of 26%). This study provides a method to homogeneously disperse rGO in benzoxazine without using of a solvent or any other treatment.
Severe COVID‐19 pneumonia in pregnant woman treated with pulse corticosteroids therapy and third‐trimester caesarean section: A case report
Authors: Bui Nghia Thinh , Huynh Minh Nhat , Tran Hung , Le Dinh Kha , Pham Tan Thanh , Pham Thanh Tung , Nguyen Tien Nhan , Do‐Tran Nguyen‐Huy , Ngo Hoang‐Anh , Do Thuy‐Anh
Published: April 2023

A 44‐year‐old woman at 30 weeks of pregnancy was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with a diagnosis of severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. Her condition worsened quickly, defined by prolonged hypoxia even with intensive therapy and oxygen supplementation. This led to the decision to perform a caesarean delivery and continue pulse corticosteroids therapy after delivery. Soon after she recovered from COVID‐19 pneumonia, her life was threatened again by septic shock from hospital‐acquired pneumonia. After nearly 1 month of hospitalization, she was discharged and fully recovered on the re‐examination day 10 months later.
Augmenting the flipped classroom experience by integrating Revised Bloom's Taxonomy: A faculty perspective
Authors: SivaKumar ArunKumar
Published: April 2023

In a recent scenario, the Master of Business Administration (MBA) job placement rates have decreased since the pandemic started. MBA job placement rates are down since the pandemic started. What’s most alarming: the decline in MBA jobs (34%) has been steeper than the decline in overall jobs (27%), for the period between May 2019 and May 2020. The mere delivery of theoretical concepts, lack of practical knowledge and lag in imbibing soft skills have been identified as hurdles in the progress of MBA education. Some of the predominant industry‐needed skills need to be improved among MBA students. To address this issue, the author suggests integrating flipped classrooms with the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT) as a new paradigm for delivering MBA education. The flipped classroom is a pedagogical approach in which direct instructions move from group learning to individual learning. This study primarily aims to understand the faculty perception of the pre‐, in‐ and post‐class activities facilitated using an integrated model of a flipped classroom and RBT (FC+RBT) among MBA students. The study's target population is the faculty members working in MBA institutions across Tamil Nadu, India. The findings of this study will be helpful for MBA institutions to enhance the quality of MBA education and empower management graduates to imbibe employability skills.
A practical robust bounded control of permanent magnet synchronous motors with inequality constraints
Authors: Zheng HongMei , Yin HaoTing , Zhen ShengChao , Wang Jun , Chen Ke , Li YangYang
Published: April 2023

In order to solve the problems of large overshoots and large errors in the trajectory tracking control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a new robust controller is designed in this paper to obtain a more stable control effect and reduce the trajectory tracking error. The control algorithm consists of two parts. First, construct a state transformation function to eliminate the constraints in the output state variables, so that the output is strictly limited to the range we expect, and a new dynamic model is obtained. Then, a robust controller based on the Lyapunov method is adopted to eliminate the influence of uncertainty on the tracking performance and obtain more accurate trajectory tracking. And the theoretical analysis proves that the controller can guarantee the requirements of uniform boundedness and uniform limit boundedness. In addition, we use the rapid controller prototype CSPACE and the actual permanent magnet synchronous motor platform for simulation and experimental verification. The result shows, that by utilizing the designed controller on the PMSM, we will get a much more excellent dynamic performance and safety performance is greatly improved.
Fabry–Perot Cavity Control for Tunable Raman Scattering
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Lee Jongsu , Yu Eui‐Sang , Lee Seungha , Woo Hyeonbin , Kwak Jeonghun , Chung Seok , Choi Inhee , Ryu Yong‐Sang
Published: April 2023

The Fabry–Perot (FP) resonator is an intuitive and versatile optical structure owing to its uniqueness in light‐matter interactions, yielding resonance with a wide range of wavelengths as it couples with photonic materials encapsulated in a dielectric cavity. Leveraging the FP resonator for molecular detection, a simple geometry of the metal‐dielectric‐metal structure is demonstrated to allow tuning of the enhancement factors (EFs) of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The optimum near‐field EF from randomly dispersed gold nano‐gaps and dynamic modulation of the far‐field SERS EF by varying the optical resonance of the FP etalon are systematically investigated by performing computational and experimental analyses. The proposed strategy of combining plasmonic nanostructures with FP etalons clearly reveals wavelength matching of FP resonance to excitation and scattering wavelengths plays a key role in determining the magnitude of the SERS EF. Finally, the optimum near‐field generating optical structure with controlled dielectric cavity is suggested for a tunable SERS platform, and its dynamic SERS switching performance is confirmed by demonstrating information encryption through liquid immersion.
Evolution characteristics and mechanism of concrete performance under water pressure environment: A comprehensive review
Authors: Xue Weipei , Min Tong , Alam M. Shahria , Fan Hongjun , Liu Laifei
Published: April 2023

Compared with the ground service environment, the evolution of concrete performance under a water pressure service environment is quite complex with variable conditions. Because of the coupling effect of load and pressure, water has a special impact on the strength and deformation of concrete. Meanwhile, harmful ions usually react with the cement matrix as pressure water seepages into concrete, resulting in the reduction of concrete durability. Based on this, this study provides a comprehensive review of the strength, deformation, and durability of concrete under water pressure environment. It is found that microcracks in concrete tend to propagate and connect after exposure to water pressure, leading to a decrease in strength and deformation performance. The average loss rate of strength and elastic modulus increased by 12.15% and 10.97%, respectively, when water pressure increased by 1 MPa. However, the loading process of water‐confining pressure makes concrete more compact, where the static and dynamic mechanical performance can be improved. Besides, due to the enhancement of excess pore water pressure, concrete strength under a high strain rate increases by 61.79% compared to static load. The effect of water pressure increases the ability of the liquid to penetrate concrete, and corrosive ions trapped within the liquid and freeze–thaw caused by external temperature changes would further reduce the concrete durability. This study points out that static and dynamic loading characteristics and durability of concrete under multi‐factor coupling in a water pressure environment will be the future research direction. The summarized contents can provide guidance for construction and research of concrete engineering under a water pressure environment.
Automatic Label Calibration for Singing Annotation Using Fully Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Fu Xiao , Deng Hangyu , Hu Jinglu
Published: April 2023

Accurately‐labeled data is crucial for the training of machine learning models. For singing‐related tasks in the music information retrieval field, accurately‐labeled data is limited because annotating singing is time‐consuming. Several studies create vocal datasets using a two‐step annotation method which creates coarse labels first and then executes a manual calibration procedure. However, manually calibrating coarsely‐labeled singing data is expensive and time‐consuming. To address this problem, in this study we propose a singing‐label calibration framework, which aims to automatically calibrate the coarsely‐labeled singing data with higher accuracy. This framework contains a data augmentation method to generate training and testing data, a reasonable data preprocessing method to handle music audio and symbolic labels, a fully‐convolutional neural network to estimate the difference between coarse labels and accurate labels, and a novel calibration function to correct the coarse labels. Various experiments are conducted to examine the effect of our research. The results show that our model can highly reduce the cost time and slightly increase the labeling accuracy of the manual calibration process. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Research on Motor Drive Technology for an Operating Device of 126 kVVacuum Circuit Breaker
Authors: Wang Yifei , Lin Xin , Xu Jianyuan , Li Wei
Published: April 2023

This study has designed a set of motor operating devices for a 126 kV vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) to improve its reliability and controllability. A finite‐angle permanent magnet brushless motor (FAPMBM) with a multi‐slot stator structure and a dovetail rotor structure has been designed based on the torque and speed requirements of the motor. These requirements were determined by a dynamic analysis of the operating device and its short‐time, finite‐angle working characteristics. The work performance of the prototype motor has been evaluated in an online experiment with a 126 kV VCB, and based on this, a segmented control method has been designed. The motion process of the operating device has been divided into four stages in combination with the output torque demand of the driving motor. At each stage, the output torque of the motor has been changed dynamically to prevent contact collision, shorten the pre‐breakdown time, and make the circuit breaker work more reliably. The results show that the FAPMBM can meet the operating time and speed requirements of the interrupter for the operating device. In addition, the segmented control method improves the work reliability and optimizes the movement of the operating device, which helps the circuit breaker work intelligently. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
CT anatomy of the lungs, bronchi and trachea in the Mature Guinea pig (cavia porcellus)
Authors: Zehtabvar Omid , Masoudifard Majid , Rostami Amir , Akbarein Hesameddin , Sereshke Amir Hosssein Alinezhad , Khanamooeiashi Mahdokht , Borgheie Fakhra
Published: April 2023

Background

Since there is no complete study of topographic features of thorax structures in guinea pigs, this study strives to define the exact topographic features of thorax structures.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to provide comprehensive topographic information about the location of the trachea, bronchi, lungs and heart inside the thoracic cavity in guinea pig, as well as to study the features of these structures, their proximity to other organs and comparative anatomical studies with CT scan images in living samples.

Methods

Ten adult male and healthy guinea pigs were selected. CT scan transverse images were taken. The morphometric parameters of the lungs, bronchi, trachea, heart, thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity were measured.

Results

In these studies, the position of organs such as the trachea, lungs and heart were monitored, and specified descriptions of CT scan images and anatomical observations were obtained. We realised that the heart in this animal was not inclined to the left, and due to the equal size of the lungs, the heart was almost on the midline. According to the measurements, 20.05% of the ventral cavity volume was thoracic cavity and 79.95% was abdominal cavity.

Conclusions

According to studies on guinea pigs, the right and left have the volume, and the heart is located between them on the midline without a tendency to the left. It seems that one of the reasons for the reluctance of the heart to the left and its placement on the midline in the guinea pig is that the volume of the two lungs is equal. In the case of guinea pigs, both numerical parameters are smaller than rabbits’, but close to it. One of the most important factors in this study is that none of the animals were euthanised, and all of samples were alive after our study.
Research and Development in Creativity
Authors: Earnshaw Rae
Published: April 2023

The art and science of creativity and the creative process are examined. Analytic capabilities using information technology are supporting this work. Digital creativity is a focus for bringing together different disciplines, and also for providing support to the creative industries sector. The relationship between creativity and innovation is examined. National and international initiatives for research and development in creativity are presented. Many of these initiatives have funding programs which are seeking to investigate cognitive models of creativity using information technology, and also how creativity can be used to more effectively advance the research and development process. In addition, new tools are being developed to support creativity.
Die Methodik der Untersuchung
Authors: Bührig-Hollmann Annette
Published: April 2023

Ein Schwerpunkt dieser Studie besteht darin, das wechselseitige Interaktionsgeschehen der Teilnehmenden zu untersuchen. Mit dem Anspruch, die subjektiven Sichtweisen der Interagierenden zu rekonstruieren, wird ein akteurzentrierter Ansatz gewählt, mit dem in einem kleinschrittigen kommunikationsanalytischen Verfahren Bedeutungen expliziert werden. Die Kontextualisierung der Akteurstrategien im empirischen Feld bieten dabei die Möglichkeit einer sinnenhaften Kohärenz der Ergebnisse.
Pancreatic Islet Biobanking Facilities in India: The Need of the Hour to Deal with Diabetes?
Authors: Gandasi Nikhil R. , Rangarajan Annapoorni , Rao Harshavardhan , Singh Meetu , Kothegala Lakshmi
Published: April 2023

Endocrine pancreas regulates glucose homeostasis and prevents diabetes. Type-1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of the insulin secreting β-cells within the endocrine pancreatic islets, resulting in lower insulin release. People with type-1 diabetes can be transplanted with pancreatic islets obtained from deceased donors which restores the β-cell function. There are around 70 human islet isolation centers around the world which mostly collect endocrine pancreas from deceased donors. They assess the islet yield, functionality, viability, secretory capacity, and purity for transplantation and distribute this to donors. They also distribute a part of the pancreatic tissue for research, so that the cellular mechanisms in the human pancreatic tissue can be understood. This is crucial since human islet tissue has a unique cytoarchitecture compared to murine counterparts and therefore islet research with murine islets does not give complete picture of diabetes in humans. India is poised to take the mantle of the diabetes capital of the world in the near future. Despite this, there are no human islet isolation centers which can facilitate islet transplantation and diabetes research in India. This article highlights the glaring gap in the current infrastructure for diabetes care and provides critical insights into the role and potential of setting up islet tissue banks in the most populous country of the world.
Why Mothers Died and How their Lives are Saved
Authors: Drife James Owen , Lewis Gwyneth , Neilson James P , Knight Marian , Cooper Griselda , Cantwell Roch
Published: April 2023

One of the most dramatic changes to women's lives in the twentieth century was the advent of safe childbirth, reducing the maternal mortality rate from 1 in 400 births to 1 in 10,000 in just 80 years. The impetus behind this change was the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Death (CEMD), now the world's longest running self-audit of a healthcare service. Here, leading authors in the CEMD tell the story of the pioneering clinicians behind the push for improvements, who received little recognition for their work despite its far-reaching consequences. One by one, the leading causes of maternal death were identified and resolved, from sepsis to safe abortions and more recently psychiatric illness and social and ethnic disparities in healthcare. Global maternal mortality is still too high; this valuable book shows how significant advances in maternal healthcare are possible when clinicians, politicians and the public work together.
In Defense of Ideology
Authors: Simas Elizabeth N.
Published: April 2023

Years of collective political science research has fueled the stereotype of the uninformed or illogical American voter who ardently supports parties or candidates but lacks any cohesive ideological reasons for doing so. Prior works, however, do not tell the whole story nor fully capture the nature of public opinion in today's increasingly polarized political environment. Thus, this Element makes the case for more careful and nuanced assessments of ideological thinking in the American electorate. Using a variety of more contemporary survey and experimental data, it shows that a substantial portion of Americans do hold coherent political beliefs and that these beliefs have important consequences for the American political system. Though partisanship still plays a powerful role, the electorate as this Element presents it is much more ideological than the literature too often assumes.
The market as an instrument of planning in sustainability capitalism
Authors: Kampourakis Ioannis
Published: April 2023

This article seeks to unpack the potential and limits of markets as instruments of economic planning in sustainability capitalism. Recent policies for sustainability transitions in the United States (USA) and the European Union (EU) (eg, Infrastructure Law, EU Green Deal) have signaled aspirations for a more prominent role of the state in coordinating the economy, while still relying primarily on market mechanisms for such coordination. Yet, could the market itself be conceptualised and structured as a political instrumentality for the achievement of social objectives? An important part of the puzzle of sustainability transitions is the transportation sector, and specifically the transition to Electric Vehicles, or New Energy Vehicles (NEVs). I explore the comparative legal constructions of markets for NEVs in China – the current global leader in NEVs – the USA, and the EU. Drawing from this case study, I first argue that law makes planning possible within markets, as the functional power of market processes can be strategically deployed for the achievement of politically set objectives. Acknowledging the deliberate and artificial character of markets raises the question of what we want markets for, broadening the scope of the political possibilities enclosed in them. I, then, proceed to challenge the enduring argument of the epistemic deficit of central planners, which morphs into prescriptions of decentralisation. I show that arguments against legal centralism and planning cannot stand on just epistemological grounds and are inevitably political. Finally, I attempt to outline the limits of planning within markets – and thus, to a certain extent, the limits of the constitutive function of law – for broader projects of social transformation.
Direct and inverse results for popular differences in trees of positive dimension
Authors: FISH ALEXANDER , JIANG LEO , SHKREDOV ILYA D.
Published: April 2023

We establish analogues for trees of results relating the density of a set
${E \subset \mathbb {N}}$
, the density of its set of popular differences and the structure of E. To obtain our results, we formalize a correspondence principle of Furstenberg and Weiss which relates combinatorial data on a tree to the dynamics of a Markov process. Our main tools are Kneser-type inverse theorems for sets of return times in measure-preserving systems. In the ergodic setting, we use a recent result of the first author with Björklund and Shkredov and a stability-type extension (proved jointly with Shkredov); we also prove a new result for non-ergodic systems.
The association between socioeconomic factors and the success of decolonization treatment among individuals diagnosed with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus: A cohort study from 2007 to 2020
Authors: Assenholm Kristensen Mette , Skov Abrantes Julia , Jensen Hanne Irene , Backer Mogensen Christian , Søndergaard Jens , Kjølseth Møller Jens
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

To examine associations between socioeconomic factors and (1) adherence to methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) posttreatment follow-up swab sampling after 1 and 6 months and (2) successful decolonization treatment.

Design:

Cohort study with 2 years of follow-up. Data on patients diagnosed with MRSA were extracted from a regional MRSA database and national registries. We used a cluster-based logistic regression model to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for associations between socioeconomic factors and decolonization treatment.

Setting:

Danish primary health care.

Results:

The rate of adherence to posttreatment follow-up swab sampling among 2,536 cases 1 month after decolonization treatment was 66% (95% CI, 64%–68%), and it decreased to 30% (95% CI, 28%–32%) after 6 months. Living in intermediate municipalities (76–159 inhabitants/km2) or having retired were associated with completed posttreatment follow-up swabs 1 month after decolonization treatment: aOR, 1.40 (95% CI, 1.2–1.74) and aOR, 2.67 (95% CI, 1.16–6.13), respectively. The rate of successful decolonization treatment 2 years after initiating treatment was 36% (95% CI, 34%–38%). Factors associated with successful decolonization treatment included individuals with higher education (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.22–2.15), early retirees (aOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.12–2.38), those living in intermediate municipalities (ie, 160–900+ inhabitants/km2; aOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08–1.68), and those living in predominantly urban municipalities (ie, 160–900+ inhabitants/km2; aOR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.5–2.76).

Conclusions:

Disparities in the effect of decolonization treatment and adherence to MRSA follow-up sampling among MRSA-positive individuals appear to be largely explained by the level of education, area of residence, and employment status.
Praising ‘me’ or ‘we’? Different types of self-promotion and career success
Authors: Chen Chong , Wu Wen , Ni Dan , Zhang Mingyu , Zhang Yihua
Published: April 2023

Self-promotion, widespread in the workplace, has received extensive attention from scholars. However, due to the narrow one-dimensional structure of traditional self-promotion and the limitations of theoretical thinking, its antecedents and consequences are still unclear. Therefore, we propose a new pair of self-promotion behaviors (sole self-promotion and joint self-promotion), and develop the measures based on a more grounded definition of self-promotion. In phase 1, we developed the scales of sole self-promotion and joint self-promotion (sample 1), and assessed their psychometric properties (i.e., content validity, factor structure, and reliability) by using two samples (samples 2 and 3). In phase 2, using three-wave data (sample 4) with two sources (employees and coworkers), we tested the overall model based on social comparison theory, examining the antecedents and consequences of sole and joint self-promotion, and exploring the different effects of these two behaviors on career success. Overall, our research offers new insight into self-promotion research and provides a useful tool to evaluate employee self-promotion. Implications for theory and practice, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Taking a strong interactional stance
Authors: Förster Frank , Broz Frank , Neerincx Mark
Published: April 2023

We outline two points of criticism. Firstly, we argue that robots do constitute a separate category of beings in people's minds rather than being mere depictions of non-robotic characters. Secondly, we find that (semi-)automatic processes underpinning communicative interaction play a greater role in shaping robot-directed speech than Clark and Fischer's theory of social robots as depictions indicate.
Seasonal and Episodic Runup Variability on a Caribbean Reef‐Lined Beach
Authors: Laigre T. , Balouin Y. , Nicolae‐Lerma A. , Moisan M. , Valentini N. , Villarroel‐Lamb D. , De La Torre Y.
Published: April 2023

Many low‐lying coastlines are exposed to overwash and marine flooding during large storm events, and the role of coastal ecosystems in reducing these hazards has been increasingly investigated and reported. This paper deals with the assessment of processes involved in coastal flooding over 2 years and 10 months at Anse Maurice, a reef‐fringed pocket beach located in Guadeloupe Island, in the Caribbean region. Daily maximum marine inundation was assessed using a fixed video system, and a hydrodynamic measurement campaign was organized to monitor local wave transformation through the reef system. The results show that daily highest runups (dHRs) are not linearly correlated with storm events since storm runup intensity is highly modulated by (a) the steric‐induced annual periodicity of sea level which showed minima in April and maxima in September and (b) the tidal level which influenced shortwave propagation on the reef flat (RF). These variables determined the reef submergence, an important parameter involved in wave transformation over reefs. Consequently, different runup responses existed for similar incident wave conditions, but generally wave attenuation ranged between 50% and 80%. Low‐frequency waves were found to dominate the hydrodynamics on the RF for the most intense wave conditions. The upper beach vegetation also reduces the maximum swash excursion at the beach between 1.7% and 42.8% for the observed storms, and thus reduces the potential for back beach flooding. This study demonstrates new comprehensive elements on runup behavior and nearshore processes, at different time scales, on reef‐lined beaches.
Diagnosing Potential Impacts of Tibetan Plateau Spring Soil Moisture Anomalies on Summer Precipitation and Floods in the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Zhu Chenxia , Ullah Waheed , Wang Guojie , Lu Jiao , Li Shijie , Feng Aiqing , Hagan Daniel Fiifi Tawia , Jiang Tong , Su Buda
Published: April 2023

Soil moisture as a key variable of land processes greatly influences the weather and climate. This study investigates the observed linkage between Tibetan Plateau (TP) spring soil moisture and summer precipitation and floods in the Yangtze River basin during 1988–2008 using satellite and in‐situ observations. A significant (p = 1%) proportion of interannual variations of summer precipitation (about 25%) in the Yangtze River basin can be attributed to spring TP soil moisture anomalies which show a dipole pattern. When spring soil moisture anomalies are positive (negative) over eastern (western) TP, there is more summer precipitation and consequently river discharge in the Yangtze River basin, or vice versa. The possible mechanisms can be explained from the perspectives of surface energy balance and atmospheric thermodynamics. More (less) spring soil moisture over the eastern (western) plateau enhances summer diabatic heating, which may be related to soil moisture memory. The enhanced summer diabatic heating stimulates vigorous ascending motions over TP, which diverge in the upper troposphere (200 hPa) and descend over the western Pacific. This is conducive to the enhancement and mutual proximity of the South Asian High (SAH) and the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH). As a result, the warm and humid air flows from the Bay of Bengal and the western Pacific and the cold and dry air flows from the boreal continent converge in the Yangtze River basin, causing excessive summer precipitation. Therefore, TP spring soil moisture can be considered a seasonal predictor of summer precipitation and possible subsequent floods in the Yangtze River basin.
Tides Ripple Across Earth’s Plasma “Doughnut”
Authors: Benningfield Damond
Published: April 2023

Interactions between lunar gravity and the terrestrial magnetic field may cause a 90� offset from the Moon’s position in its orbit.
Let-7b-5p inhibits breast cancer cell growth and metastasis via repression of hexokinase 2-mediated aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Li Ling , Zhang Xiujuan , Lin Yanni , Ren Xinxin , Xie Tian , Lin Jing , Wu Shumeng , Ye Qinong
Published: April 2023

Hexokinase 2 (HK2), a critical rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolytic pathway catalyzing hexose phosphorylation, is overexpressed in multiple human cancers and associated with poor clinicopathological features. Drugs targeting aerobic glycolysis regulators, including HK2, are in development. However, the physiological significance of HK2 inhibitors and mechanisms of HK2 inhibition in cancer cells remain largely unclear. Herein, we show that microRNA-let-7b-5p (let-7b-5p) represses HK2 expression by targeting its 3′-untranslated region. By suppressing HK2-mediated aerobic glycolysis, let-7b-5p restrains breast tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In patients with breast cancer, let-7b-5p expression is significantly downregulated and is negatively correlated with HK2 expression. Our findings indicate that the let-7b-5p/HK2 axis plays a key role in aerobic glycolysis as well as breast tumor proliferation and metastasis, and targeting this axis is a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.