bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foliar Sprays for Control of Green Peach Aphids and Colorado Potato Beetles, Test 6, 1978
Authors: Powell Donnie , Mondor William
Published: March 2022

'Russet Burbank' potato seed pieces were planted on Mar 30 in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesic Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) at Yakima, WA. On Jun 16, the insecticides were applied as foliar sprays in 40 gal/acre with a 2-row portable boom CO2 hand sprayer. The plots were 2 rows wide (5.6 ft) and 25 ft long. The potato plants were 12-14 inches high at the time of insecticide application. Each treatment was replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from the lower two thirds of the potato plants in each plot at 3, 6 and 14 days after treatment (Jun 19, 22 and 30), and the number of green peach aphids (GPA) on the leaves was counted. The percentage of leaves infested with GPA was calculated. Few Colorado potato beetles (CPB) were on the plants at the time of insecticide application, but adults (CPB) began to invade the plots and on Jul 7 (21 days after treatment) the number of adults and larvae/3 m2 (3 m long × 1 m wide) of plant foliage per plot was counted. The data were transformed to Log X + 1 and an analysis of variance was performed by using DMRT.
Effects of Soil Insecticides on Cantaloupe Yield, 1982
Authors: York Alan C. , Reed Gary L. , Kinney K.
Published: March 2022

Plots were located at Lafayette, Indiana on the 0'Neall Memorial Farm property. Granular insecticides were placed in a 10-12-in band with a Gandy Ro-Bander and incorporated 2-3 in with a rototiller on May 20. Soil type was a silty-clay loam pH 6.3, O.M. 2.7%. Black plastic mulch was placed over insecticides and plants transplanted on May 24. Rows were 30 ft long on 10-ft centers, plants on 30-in centers in rows. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Temik and Furadan received no foliar insecticides, however all other treatments received Sevimol 4F (0.1 lb ai/acre) as a foliar spray on a 7-10-day schedule. On May 25, 450 striped cucumber eggs were placed in the soil alongside each plant stem. Total runner length was measured for 5 plants per treatment on Jul 2.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae, 1982
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

A block of 'Champion' collards was planted on the Hugh Tuttle Farm, Dover, New Hampshire on June 22. Spray treatments were applied on Jul 30, Aug 6, 13, and 20 to plots consisting of two 20-ft rows replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot was separated by an untreated buffer row. Applications were made using a B & G CO- pressurized (40 psi) at a rate of 50 gal/acre. Evaluations were made by counting the number of lepidopterous larvae on 10 plants per replicate on Aug 18. Yield data expressed as percent marketability of plants was determined on Aug 27. Residue samples of foliage were collected at 3, 7, and 10 days after the last application and half frozen for analysis.
Sweet Corn, First Brood Euorpean Corn Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

The sweet corn utilized in this study was planted on April 26, 1982 on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, NH. Each plot consisted of a single 30-ft row of corn and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. The treatments were applied at the whorl stage when signs of leaf feeding injury were detected. Spray applications were made using a B 8 G CO, pressurized hand sprayer at 40psi and a volume of 26 gal/acre. The granular applications was directed into the whorls using a Gandy plot application. Evaluation for insect damage was conducted at harvest time on Jul 27 by examining all stalks and ears in each treatment and determining the percentage of injury resulting from European corn borer feeding.
Mushroom Sciarid Control with Fenvalerate (Pydrin), 1981
Authors: Rinker D. L. , Snetsinger Robert
Published: March 2022

Eight trays (0.61 m x 0.61 m x 0.15 m), each filled with 18 kg of Phase II horse manure compost were placed into each of 3 small mushroom growing rooms. Each tray was spawned with 110 g of MGA Cocoa Tan. Between 7 and 14 days after spawning (DAS), 1810 gravid female sciarids were released into each of 2,rooms; no flies were released into the third room. Pydrin 2.4EC was applied daily with fogger-mister at the rate of 115 g/1000 m starting 8 DAS in 1 of the fly infested rooms and continued to 76 DAS. A Pestolite Insect Trap (Model RD-1P) equipped with blacklight bulb, was used in each room to daily monitor fly populations. The growing methods used were typical for the mushroom industry. Mushrooms were harvested for 46 days beginning 38 DAS. Despite precautions, flies escaped from the infested rooms and became established in the “fly-free” control room late in the crop.
Onion Maggot Control, 1982
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

The plot was planted May 4 in muck soil near Potter, NY on the Tony Sachel i Farm. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Germination, damage, and yield data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were sown and seed-furrow treatments applied with a hand-pushed cone seeder planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 GPA through a gravity fed system. The foliar applications were made on May 19 and 24 using a CO2powered sprayer mounted on a cone seeder that delivered 75 GPA through a single TeeJet nozzle. Dithane M-45 (80WP) was applied in the furrow with each treatment except those already having a fungicide at 2.4 lb ai/acre for control of onion smut. Stand counts were taken Jun 1. Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plants ca twice/week from the time of stand counts until harvest on Sep 21. Yield data were taken by pulling, topping, and weighing the onions in each 20-ft row.
Cowpea Curculio Control on Southern Peas, 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M.
Published: March 2022

‘Dixilee’ southern peas were direct seeded on May 26 near Benson, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long on 42 inch centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Seven ft alleys separated blocks. Three applications were made, beginning at 75% bloom, on Aug 4, 8 and 13. Applications were made using a 2.5 gal CO2pressurized, backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi at a rate equivalent to 100 gal of water per acre. Ortho X-77 surfactant was added to all treatments. Cowpea curculio pressure was moderate. Damage was assessed Aug 15.
Systemic Insecticide Treatments for Control of Green Peach Aphid and Colorado Potato Beetle, 1982.
Authors: Powell D.M.
Published: March 2022

On Jun 3 at Yakima, WA ‘Russet Burbank’ potato seed pieces were planted in open furrow in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesic Calciorthidic Haploxerol1s) with a pH of 6.2 and 1.6% organic matter. The granular insecticides were dribbled through a hand-held, funnel-type applicator into the furrow over the potato seed pieces for the planting time furrow (PTF) treatments. Then the seed pieces were covered with soil. On Jun 23 when about 75% of these plants had emerged the post-emergence sidedress (PESD) treatments were applied. The granular insecticides were placed in 1-inch (2.5 cm) bands, 4 inches (10.0 cm) to each side of the seed pieces at approximately the depth of the seed with a tractor-mounted Gandy applicator. Each plot was 2 rows wide, (5.6 ft) and 25 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The crop was sprinkler-irrigated. The number of green peach aphids (GPA) on 20 compound potato leaves/plot was counted on Jul 6, 14, 21, 29 and on Aug 5 and 11. The number of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) on the plants of 6 row ft were counted on Jul 6, 29 and Aug 9. The percent of plant defoliation in each plot was estimated on Jul 6, 29 and Aug 9. The data means were tested with analysis of variance by using Duncan’s MRT at the 5% level.
Systemic Action of Monitor 10G for Control of Insects on Potatoes, 1981
Authors: Powell Donnie M.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potato seed pieces were planted on Apr 22 in Ritzville silt loam soil with a pH of 6.2 and organic matter of 1.6%, at Yakima, WA. On Apr 29 a furrow was opened over the potato seed piece and the insecticide granules were dribbled in the furrow with a hand-held, funnel-type applicator and the seed-pieces and granules were covered with soil. Each plot was 1 row wide (34 inch) and 19 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated. On Jun 15 (47 days after treatment) the number of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) adults and larvae and Lygus bugs on the plants in 15 ft of row per plot were counted and the percent of plant defoliation by CPB was recorded. On Jun 17 and Jun 26 (49 and 62 days after treatment) 20 compound leaves were collected from each plot and the number of green peach aphids (GPA), potato aphids (PA) and CPB eggs on the leaves were counted. The plants were so severely damaged by CPB by Jun 26 that the leaf samples were unsuitable for aphid counts.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Colorado Potato Beetles, Test 7, 1978
Authors: Powell D.M. , Mondor W.T.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potato seed pieces were planted on Mar 30 in Ritzville silt loam soil with a pH of 6.2 and 1.6% organic matter at Yakima, WA. Each plot was 2 rows wide (5.6 ft) and 25 ft long. On Jun 15, the insecticides were applied in 40 gal of water/acre with a 2-row portable boom CO2hand sprayer with 4 (TeeJet AL80015) nozzles spaced 17 inches apart. The potato plants were 12-14 inches high and the plants were naturally infested with Colorado potato beetle (CPB) at the time of insecticide application. Each treatment was replicated 2 times in a randomized complete block design. On Jun 16 (20 hours after treatment) 10.8 ft2 of soil surface between the 2 treated rows at each of 2 locations in each plot was searched, and the number of dead and live CPB adults and larvae on the soil were counted. On Jun 16 (20 and 24 h after treatment), and on Jun 19 (96 h after treatment), the potato plant foliage on 10.8 ft2 at each of 2 locations in each plot was examined, and the number of adults and larvae on the plants were counted. The percent control was calculated for each plot by Abbott’s Formula based on the number of live CPB found on the soil surface and the plant foliage per plot in the untreated and treated plots.
Foliar Sprays for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1982
Authors: Sherrod D.W. , Francis J.A.
Published: March 2022

‘Norchip’ Irish potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant spacing in 36-inch rows on Apr 8. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft-long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. The sprays were applied with a propane compressed air backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 75 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on May 26, Jun 2, 9, 16 and 23. Yields were taken on Jul 20. Evaluation criteria consisted of direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae/10 hills and late season foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings were on a scale of 0-5 as follows: 0) no damage; 1) slight feeding, less than 5% defoliation; 2) visible feeding with 5-10% defoliation; 3) moderate damage, 10-25% defoliation; 4) heavy damage, 25-50% defoliation; 5) severe damage, greater than 50% defoliation.
Colorado Potato Beetle, Potato Aphid, and Green Peach Aphid Control, 1982
Authors: Voss Robert H. , Lottero William , Ferro David N.
Published: March 2022

‘Superior’ potatoes were planted on May 5 in Sunderland, MA. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca 5.5. Dinoseb was applied at 2 lb ai/acre prior to plant emergence. Treatment blocks were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each block consisted of two 30-ft rows with a 3-ft fallow area between each plot. Temik was applied directly to the seed furrow at planting with a Gandy applicator (Line Tender Model). Foliar treatments were applied with a 3-gal stainless-steel backpack sprayer and a CO2pressurized sprayer at ca 50 psi with a delivery rate of 65 gal/acre. Foliar spray applications were made on Jul 1, 8, 23 arrd 30, except for the biweekly applications of MK-936 0.03SL, which were made on Jul 1 and 23 only. On Jul 23, FMC 63429 was accidently applied to the FMC 54800 plots. Subsequently, FMC 63429 was applied at the new rates listed in the table below to the plots originally assigned to the FMC 54800 plots and FMC 54800 was applied at the 0.06 rate to the plots originally assigned to FMC 63429. Since this change in applications occurred between the 1st and 2nd generation of CPB, the resulting data should be comparable. Insect counts were analyzed using DMRT at the 5% level. Since, with few exceptions, all treatments were shown to be significantly different from the control, or, in the later counts, the control plots were 100% defoliated, the Duncan’s Test was applied to the insecticide treatments alone (without the control) to give a better indication of the relative effectiveness of the various insecticides.
Evaluation of Nematicide/Insecticide for Sweet Potato, 1980
Authors: Averre Charles W. , Barker Kenneth R.
Published: March 2022

There was no significant treatment effect on the number of nematodes counted in soil samples or in the root index. There were statistically significant differences in the number of nematode lesions, wireworm and flea beetle injury, and root quality indices and yields. There is considerable overlap between the mean values of the treatments, but Temik 15G, Lorsban 4E and 15G performed wel 1.
Soil Insecticide Treatments for Wireworm Control in Sweet Potato, 1982
Authors: Sherrod D.W. , Francis J.A.
Published: March 2022

‘Baker’ sweet potato sprouts were transplanted on May 27 in 3-ft rows with 12-inch spacing. Plots consisted of 4 rows, 25 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Various application methods were employed as follows: Preplant Incorporated (PPI) - granular insecticide was broadcast over entire plot using hand-held shaker and disced into the top 4-5 inches of soil within 2 h; Band -granulars were applied in a 2-inch band on either side of the planted row and lightly incorporated into the upper 2-3 inches of soil; Layby and Root Swell (RS) - granulars dribbled over top of plants down the center of the row using a hand-held shaker. Application dates: PPI - May 27; Band - May 27; Layby - Jul 8; RS - Aug 10. The middle 2 rows of each plot were harvested on Oct 12. The number of wireworm damaged roots/25 roots was recorded for each plot. In addition, the number clean roots/25 roots was also recorded. There was a low incidence of damage from flea beetle larvae throughout the whole trial.
Control of Sweetpotato Flea Beetle Larvae on Sweet Potatoes, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. , Bouwkamp John C.
Published: March 2022

Maryland white line sweet potato sprouts (Md-7257) were planted in single row plots (36-inch row spacing), 45-ft in length, on May 25. The spacing between plants within the row was 12 inches. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications. Granular treatments were applied in a 6-8-inch band using a shaker can and then incorporated 2-4 inches into the soil on May 25. Mocap 6EC was applied broadcast at the rate of 6.0 lb ai/acre in 25 gal of water per acre. The spray was applied at 28 psi and the material was incorporated 4-6 inches on Apr 14. Soil temperature at the 4-inch depth at the time of preplant application was 28<C. Yield data were taken from the entire 45 ft of row. All roots were examined for flea beetle larvae injury (shallow writing on the roots).
Suppression of Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Tomatoes, 1982
Authors: Trumble J.T.
Published: March 2022

‘Casino Royale’ tomato seedlings were transplanted on Jul 13 at the University of California’s South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, CA. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (5-ft centers) by 40 ft long and separated by a 5-ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 2 wk, and drip irrigated thereafter. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied weekly from Aug 20 through Sep 16 for a total of 5 applications. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles/row was used to apply insecticides at 100 gal/acre and 100 psi. The hollow cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments except MK-936 included 0.04% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of larvae and pupae in 3 pupal trays/replicate from Sep 1 through Sep 23. On Sep 19-20, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea), external damage (primarily H. zeaand S. exigua), and tomato pinworms.
Alfalfa, First Cutting Meadow Spittlebug Control, Missouri, 1982
Authors: Brandenburg R.L.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted at Wil1iamstown, MO on ca 20 in tall alfalfa. Insecticides were applied on May 19 to 20 x 20 ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Sprays were applied at 15 gpa and 40 psi using 80015 flat fan nozzles on a 20 ft spray boom. Evaluations were conducted at 24 h post treatment by counting the number of spittle masses on the stems of 20 alfalfa crowns. Temperature at treatment was 79°F. The data were transformed by X+0.5. Means in the table are of actual counts.
Alfalfa Insect Control, New Mexico, 1981
Authors: Jokinen Duane
Published: March 2022

Six insecticides were applied to 12 randomized 500 x 16.2 ft (0.186 acre) plots in a 30 acre commercial alfalfa field. Each plot was bordered by an unsprayed area 12 x 500 ft. Three 1 x 100 ft subsamples were taken in each plot, using an ATV mounted high vacuum sampler, on 4 dates (pretreatment, 1, 3 and 8 days post treatment). The alfalfa was approximately 12 in in height on Aug 21 when treatments were applied with a low pressure (35 psi), low volume (11.7 gpa) John Deere High Boy Spraye
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky, 1982
Authors: Parr John C. , Pass B.C.
Published: March 2022

The test area was a 2-year-old stand of ‘Buffalo’ variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 x 36 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely random design. Sprays were mixed so as to apply the proper rates in 20 gal of total volume per acre. Treatments were applied with a low-pressue, low-volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of larvae were determined 3, 6, 14, 17 and 20 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-in dia beating net. A damage rating was made on May 20 and was based on a scale of 1-9 where 1 = no damage and 9 = 100% of leaves consumed, with 2-8 being intermediate. The Bay Sir 8514 25WP treatments were applied Apr 1 with the remainder of the treatments being applied Apr 30. Treatment means, expressed as larvae per 10 sweeps on the sampling date indicated, were separated by use of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. A standard treatment of Furadan 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb ai/acre.
Suppression of Alfalfa Pests and Benefical Insects, 1977
Authors: Puterka G.J. , Burkhardt C.C.
Published: March 2022

This experiment was conducted from Jun 15 to Jun 29 on a well established alfalfa field, before the first cutting, at the Research and Extension Center near Powell, WY. Lygus bugs occur in the area as a complex of LygusHesperusKnight, L. el isusVan Duzee, and L. lineolaris(Palisot de Beauvois) with L. hesperusbeing the most prevalent. Materials were applied by a 4 nozzle hand sprayer delivering 25 gpa at 30 psi. Plots, 10 x 20 ft, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Six replications were sampled for the alfalfa pests while the last 3 replications were sampled for the Orius spp. Treatments were eval uated at 7 and 14 days post treatment by taking four 180 sweeps with a standard sweep net per plot. The data were transformed to X+1 to facilitate the Duncan’s multiple range test analysis; however, insect means presented in the table were actual values.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control on Alfalfa in Far West Texas, 1982
Authors: Stone J.D. , Fries F.N.
Published: March 2022

Approximately 0.9 ha of an alfalfa field in the El Paso Lower Valley was divided into 40 plots, 12.2 m by 18.3 m each, in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Nine treatments were applied Apr 1 using CO2powered (2.1 kg/cm2) backpack sprayers, each with a boom with 3 TX6 nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Rate of application was 112.2 1/ha of total solution. In each sample period, 20 sweeps per plot were collected and the insects were placed in ziplock bags for sorting, identification, and counting. Data were transformed (X1 + 0.5) and subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test.
Field Corn, Stalk Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Foster David E. , Stockdale Harold J.
Published: March 2022

Applications of registered and experimental insecticdes to control stalk borer were evaluated in a commercial no-till field at Farley, Dubuque County, IA. Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 8 rows by 20 m. Treatments were applied using a CO2propelled back-pack equipped with TeeJet 11004 tips. Materials were applied at 20 psi pressure and 15 gal/acre. Foliar sprays were applied Jun 14, 17 days following the application of Roundup at 1.5 lb acid equivalent/acre to control a heavy infestation of wirestem muhly, Muhlenbergia frondosa(Toir) Fern. One treatment of Counter was banded over the whorl on Jun 21. Plots were evaluated Jun 22 and Jul 1. Infestations were recorded as the total number of infested plants per 17.4 ft in the center of each of the 2 middle rows of each plot. Stand counts were taken as part of each evaluation.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1981
Authors: Hein G.L. , Tollefson J.J.
Published: March 2022

Rootworm planting-time, soil-insecticide test plots were established at 6 Iowa Locations in 1981. The experimental design for these tests was a randomized complete block design with 4 replications for the root-protection trials and 12 replications for the yield trials. The Ames, Nashua, Newell, and Red Oak root-protection trials had 50-ft, single-row treatments and were planted on May 5, 11, 7, and 6, respectively. The Alta and Marengo trials had 100-ft, 2 row treatments and were planted on Apr 29 and May 8, respectively. All yield trials had 50-ft double-row treatments. Granules were applied as in-furrow or 7-in band treatments with laboratory-calibrated Noble metering units mounted on a 4-row, Model 71 John Deere planter. Liquids were banded with a single-row sprayer mounted on the planter. All materials were applied in front of the press wheels and incorporated with drag chains. Rootworm feeding was evaluated by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage on the Iowa 1-6 scale. Yields were determined by combining 1/200 acre in each rep at Ames and Nashua and hand picking 1/500 acre in each rep at Newell. Data were then converted to bu/acre of No 2 shelled corn at 15.5% moisture.
Western Bean Cutworm Control in Nebraska Field Corn, 1981 and 1982
Authors: Hirnyck Ronda E. , Holtzer Thomas O.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were aerially applied to center pivot irrigated field corn in southwestern Nebraska. Plots were 150 m by 40 rows (0.75 m rows) arranged in a randomized block design with 2 replications in 1981 and 4 replications in 1982. Pretreatment western bean cutworm (WBC) larvae counts were made on 10 plants/plot Jul 21, 27, and Aug 2, 1981. These counts averaged 16.30 WBC/plant with no significant differences among treatments. Insecticides were applied Aug 3, 1981. In 1982, pretreatment counts were made on 10 plants/plot Aug 5 (average infestation was 6.41 WBC/plant; no significant differences among treatments). Insecticides were applied Aug 9. Post application (treatment) counts were taken Aug 11, 18, 1981 and Aug 18, 27, 1982
Bee Poisoning Hazard, 1981-1982
Authors: Mayer Dan , Johansen Carl
Published: March 2022

Sevin XLR was evaluated on corn and alfalfa for bee-poisoning hazard. Treatments on alfalfa were made with a hand sprayer, using 25 psi pressure and applying 25 gal/acre. Residual test exposures were replicated 4 times by caging 100 honey bees with each of 4 samples per treatment and time interval. Treatments on corn were made by helicopter at 1.5 lb ai/acre to pollen shedding corn. Four applications were applied on 1 acre plots and 2 applications on a 130 acre plot. The number of dead bees in Todd dead bee traps on colonies placed near the plots was recorded daily.
Control of Fall Armyworm in Field Corn with Single and Multiple Applications of Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Pless CD. , Shamiyeh N.B.
Published: March 2022

One, 2, and 3 applications of Orthene or Nudrin were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. ‘Pioneer 3147’ corn was planted on Jun 29. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows (40 in spacing) with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Plant population averaged 17,000/acre. All plots were treated on Jul 26 when worm populations averaged 4.29 larvae/plant. Additional applications were made to appropriate plots on Aug 2 and 9. Sprays were applied with a back-pack hand held CO2, pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 gpa at 30 psi. Newly damaged whorls were counted on Aug 2, 9, and 23. Yield determinations were made on Nov 9.
Laboratory Screening of Granular Soil Insecticides for Control of Sugarcane Beetle in Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Skias Jeffery M.
Published: March 2022

Seven granular soil insecticides labeled for control of corn rootworm were tested for effectiveness against the sugarcane beetle. Treatments consisted of the amounts of each material that would be applied to 6 in of row at the labeled rate and at 2.0 times the labeled rate for corn rootworm control. All treatments were replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied by hand to soil in 6-in plastic pots in a manner that approximated 7-in band applications in the field. Insecticides were sprinkled onto the soil surface and covered with 1/4 in of soil and watered. Pots were again watered 6 days post treatment. Ten sugarcane beetles were introduced into each pot 9 days after treatment. Beetles were observed until all had burrowed into the soil. The pots were then covered with cardboard lids fitted with 1/8 in hardware cloth screening. Lids were secured on the pots by placing a length of 2 x 4 lumber on top of and across the lined up pots. The bottom of the pots were covered with 4 layers of aluminum foil to prevent beetles from escaping through drain holes. Pots were emptied, the soil sifted and the number of living and dead beetles counted 6 days after beetle introduction. Sugarcane beetles used in the experiments were collected at blacklight traps and held in the laboratory for 10-15 days prior to use in the experiment. The soil used in the experiments was a silt-sand, recent alluvial soil, obtained from the immediate bank of the Mississippi River.
Chinch Bug Control in Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Skias Jeffery M.
Published: March 2022

All treatments had significantly fewer chinch bugs/plant at 4 h post treatment than the untreated check. At 4 days post treatment most insecticides were effective in reducing the number of chinch bugs/plant below those of the untreated check. All Vydate treatments, Dasanit 0.5 lb ai/acre and Lannate .0625 lb ai/acre were not significantly different from the check 4 days after treatment. No phytotoxicity was observed in any treatment.
Apple, Rosy Apple Aphid Control, 1982
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied at various times of the season to control rosy apple aphid. Each treatment was applied to 4-tree plots in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a Rome, Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, and York Imperial tree. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. The sprays were applied with an airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 GPA at 2 mph except for the Tranide 4E treatment which was applied with a handgun using a high pressure sprayer and the green tip applications of Trithion, Supracide and Lorsban. These treatments were mistakenly applied at 3 times the desired rate and at 150 GPA. Refer to the table for the timing of sprays and phenological development of apple based on the cultivars York Imperial and Golden Delicious. Effectiveness of sprays was evaluated by examining the entire tree (Rome and York) to determine the number of infested leaves and injured apples/tree. A leaf was considered and infested if it contained one or more live aphids or was curled.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton with Chemical Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R.G.
Published: March 2022

A full-season study was conducted at the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Forestry and Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides in controlling Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted on May 20. All treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows (3.66 m) x 27.43 m with 2 buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 7.8 gal/acre at 76 psi through 2 TX-4 nozzles/row. Applications were made at ca weekly intervals. Treatments were applied on Jul 14, 23, 29, Aug 5, 11, 17 and 25. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil suppression on Jul 27, Aug 2, 10, 18, 21, 27, 31, Sep 15 and 29 with 0.25 lb ai/acre Guthion. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored at weekly intervals by making whole plant examinations on a consecutive 1.07 m row length. Yield data were taken on Oct 25, 26 and 27 by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot.
Chemical Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Graham L.C. , Gaylor M.J. , Edelson J.V. , Walker L.
Published: March 2022

A field evaluation of insecticides for Heliothis spp. control was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Cotton was planted on 6 May in 40-in rows. Four replicates of 11 treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 10 rows x 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with ground equipment at a rate of 9 gal total spray/acre (2.5 mph, 60 psi, 2 TeeJet TX4 80 nozzles per row). Due to wet weather which limited access with ground equipment, all plots were sprayed aerially on 20 Jun with a Pounce, Guthion, and Lorsban tank mix to suppress weevils and worms. Plots were treated with test chemicals for Heliothis spp. on Aug 6, 17, 20, 26 and Sep 2 and 14. Pay-Off was applied at a low rate (0.025 lb ai/acre) or a high rate depending on Heliothis spp. abundance. The high rate was applied to plots on Aug 20 and 26. All other applications were made at the low rate" Due to an extended period of inclement weather which began immediately after insecticides were applied on 17 Aug, no data were collected between 10 and 23 Aug. Insecticides were reapplied as soon as weather conditions permitted reentry into the plots (20 Aug). Plots were oversprayed on Aug 13, 20, 24, 31 and Sep 3 and 15 with Guthion to suppress boll weevils. Damage was estimated by examining 25 randomly selected plant terminals from the middle 2 rows of each plot. Heliothis spp. populations were moderate during the testing period.
Insecticide Treatments for Bollworm Control, 1982
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted May 6 on Loring silt loam soil at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN. All seed was treated with fungicides and an insecticide to suppress seedling disease and insects. Four-row plots 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied Aug 20, 25, and Sep 1 with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.1 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi , 3 Delavan HB 4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. The number of bollworm damaged bolls per 6 row ft was counted in each plot Sep 9-22. The 2 center rows of each plot were machine harvested Oct 11 and Nov 1 and 3.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1982
Authors: Price Richard , Mussett Kevin , Young Jerry , Steward Bruce
Published: March 2022

‘Stoneville 213’ was planted in a Tuttle silt clay loam on Jun 12 at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, OK, at 18 lb of seed/acre. Test 1 consisted of 8 row plots, 150 ft long, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Test 2 was identical to test 1 except plots were 200 ft long. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph at 40 psi. The John Deere spraying unit was replaced with a Marco system equipped with a roller pump powered by a 3 hp Briggs and Stratton gasoline engine. Insecticide applications consisted of 5 gal total spray mixture per acre, with 1 no 8 hollow cone nozzle (Spraying systems) per row. Applications were made on Aug 10, 17, 23 and 31 for test 1 (except for CME-13401) and Aug 9-10, 16, 24, 30 and Sep 7 for test 2. Intervals between applications ranged from 6 to 8 days. Plots were irrigated with approximately 1 in of water on Aug 14, 18 and Sep 2. The only rainfall recorded during the treatment period was 0.86 in on Aug 28. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper 1/3 of the plants in each plot. Heliothis spp. populations were light throughout the study except for the first application. On Aug 9, prior to the first application 100 terminals were examined at random in test 1 and 2. Seven 1st and 2nd instar larvae were found along with 60 eggs. Heliothis spp. populations were approximately 50% budworm and 50% bollworm during the treatment period.
Effects of Selected Insecticides on Two Plant Bug Spp. and Several Predator Spp. in Cotton, 1982
Authors: Wilson Bryan S. , Luttrell R.G.
Published: March 2022

Thirteen insecticides were examined to determine their effects on 2 plant bug species and several beneficial arthropods associated with cotton. Insecticides were applied Aug 9 to ‘Stoneville 213’ cotton in a small plot study near Holly Springs, MS. A randomized complete block design was used with 3 replications/block. Individual plots (2 rows) were 4.6 m in length with 2 buffer rows between plots. Each insecticide treatment was applied to the cotton foliage with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer which applied 2.3 gal/acre acre operating at 30 psi. Plant bug numbers the day of test initiation were determined by making 200 sweeps, with a 38-cm diameter sweep net, over the entire plot area and examining 100 blooms for feeding damage. Pretreatment counts were: 20 tarnished plant bugs/100 sweeps, 18 clouded plant bugs/100 sweeps, and 24% damaged blooms. Individual treatments were evaluated 7 days after application by monitoring plant bug and predator numbers in the treated and untreated plots. The number of predators and plant bugs per 10 sweeps was recorded for each plot. Also, 10 blooms in each plot were examined for live plant bugs and feeding damage caused by plant bugs.
Toxicity of Pesticides to a Beneficial Predator in Cotton, 1982
Authors: Yokoyama Victoria Y. , Pritchard Jane
Published: March 2022

The toxicity of insecticides and acaricides used to control cotton pests was evaluated on a predator, the western bigeyed bug. Pesticides were selected from 5 chemical groups with special emphasis on those used in the California San Joaquin Valley. The purified compounds were purchased from Chem Service, West Chester, PA. The western bigeyed bug was collected with a vacuum insect net from Jun to Sep in untreated cotton fields located at Wheeler Ridge, CA. Each pesticide was tested at approximately 8 concentrations including the highest and a low recommended field dose. One ml of each concentration was applied in either a methanol or a benzene solution to both sides of a ca 9 cm diameter cotton leaf. Leaves used for controls were treated with solvent alone. The petiole of the leaf was wrapped with cotton and placed in a 9-ml (1.7 cm diameter by 6.0 cm long) vial filled with water. The treated leaf and water vial were placed in a 150-ml (5 cm diameter by 10 cm high) bottle with 3 raw sunflower seeds. An average of 25 unsexed adult western bigeyed bugs was added to each bottle. The top of the bottle was covered with a 100? cotton organdy square (12 x 12 cm) and fastened with a rubber band. The bottles were held at 25° and 75% relative humidity. Percentage insect mortality in each bottle was determined after 24 h.
Control of Lesser Cornstalk Borer in Sorghum, 1982
Authors: All J.N. , Rogers, B. , Javid A.
Published: March 2022

‘Dekalb BR641 was planted Jul 8 at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. The soil type was Cecil sandy loam. A randomized complete block design was used with 2 row plots x 20 ft long x 38 in wide x 3 ft alleys, 5 replicates. Granules were applied at planting time in a 7-in band over the row and incorporated in the soil ca 0.25 in deep. Sprayable formulations were applied as full cone sprays over the row 7 days after planting at 25 psi using a volume of 25 gal/acre. All plants in each plot were examined for lesser cornstalk borer damage on Jul 27 and Aug 16. Yield of dry matter (silage) was determined 120 days after planting by harvesting all plants in each plot.
Control of Lepidopteran Larvae Attacking Sorghum Grain Heads, 1982
Authors: Gardner Wayne A.
Published: March 2022

‘Funk’s G522DR’ was planted on Jun 23 by conventional tillage methods in a Cecil loamy clay soil type in Pike Co, GA. Plots were 6.1 m x 2 rows (91-cm row spacing) and were separated by 2 untreated rows and 1-m alleys. Insecticides were applied on Aug 31 with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 370 1/ha at 2.0-2.2 kg/cm2. Numbers of corn earworm (CEW) and sorghum webworm (SWW) larvae were determined before treatment and 1 and 2 days after treatment by shaking 10 randomly selected grain heads/plot into a bucket. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design.
Foliar-Applied Insecticide Treatments on Soybeans, 1982
Authors: Dobrin G. Chris , Hammond Ronald B.
Published: March 2022

Ninety plots were located 3 miles west of Hebron, OH. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers). Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 3 blocks each with 30 treatments. Treatments were applied on Aug 17, with a 4-row, CO2-charged bicycle sprayer. Liquid output was 50.9 ml/sec at 40 psi (29.3 gal/acre) for all compounds except Sevin XLR, applied at 9.0 ml/sec at 80 psi (2.6 gal/acre). Spray nozzles were TeeJet TX6 and TXl Brass Tip, respectively. Weather conditions at application were partly sunny, ca 80°F, humid, with a light breeze. Soybean plants were at growth stage R5. Plants were sampled with a 15-in diameter sweep net (20 sweeps/plot) on Aug 13 (pretreatment), Aug 24 (7 days post treatment), and Aug 31 (14 days post treatment). Samples were examined in the laboratory for Mexican bean beetle (MBB) adults and larvae, and Japanese beetle (JB) adults. Soybeans were examined on all sampling dates for signs of phytotoxicity. Soybeans were hand harvested on Sep 21.
Insecticide Evaluations for Soybean Looper Control, 1981
Authors: Micinski Stephen
Published: March 2022

Efficacy of 3 insecticides for soybean looper control was evaluated using a randomized complete block design with 2 replications. Plots were 4 rows x 15.2 m (1.02 m centers). Soybeans were planted Jun 9 on a Latanier si 1 ty clay loam soil. Insecticides were applied in 6 gal of water per acre on Sep 23 with a high-clearance ground machine equipped with CO2 system designed for spraying small plots. The ground machine had a 4 row-boom with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Counts were made using a drop cloth by shaking the beans from 0.9 m of row on each side of the drop cloth onto the cloth. Two samples were taken in each plot.
Aphid Control on Irrigated Spring Wheat, Washington, 1982
Authors: Pike Keith S.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling English grain aphid. Insecticides were applied 18 Jun to soft white spring wheat (milky-ripe stage of growth) grown on the Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA. Treatments were applied with a hand-held sprayer calibrated to deliver 43 gpa at 40 psi. Temperature at the time of treatment was 72°F. A total of 0.9 and 0.08 in rain was received 27 and 29 Jun, respectively. Plots were 3 x 28 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were evaluated on the total aphids present/10 randomly selected wheat heads from each plot at pre-treatment and at several post-treatment intervals.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Wheat, 1982
Authors: McPherson Robert M.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticical treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle larvae in soft red winter wheat. Insecticides were applied on May 11 on wheat located at the Russell Settle Farm near Warsaw, VA. A randomized block experimental design was employed with 3 replications. Individual plots were 6.1 x 7.4 m and spaced 0.92 m apart. Each spray concentrate was applied to the wheat with a CO2-compressed air sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 29 gal of finished formulation per acre. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined 2, 7 and 14 days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae per 0.3 row-m. Yield estimates were obtained from 4.9 row-m samples collected from the center of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 14% moisture.
Evaluation of a Synergist when Added to Synthetic Pyrethroids for Control of the House Fly in Dairy Premises, 1982
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael
Published: March 2022

Prentox PBO 8 (91.3% Piperonyl Butoxide Technical) was applied as a 5:1 tank mix with one-half recommended rates of Ectiban 5.7%EC and Ectrin 10%WDL, Jul through Sep, to dairy premises in Montgomery Co, VA. Standard treatments of Ectiban EC and Ectrin WDL were also applied to dairy premises for comparative efficacy. The treatments and rates were as follows: 1 qt Ectiban EC/12.5 gal water; 1 pt Ectiban EC & 5 pt PBO 8/12.5 gal water; 1 qt Ectrin WDL/10 gal water; 1 pt Ectrin WDL & 5 pt PBO 8/10 gal water. Each treatment was applied at separate dairies, not more than ca 5 miles from each other, with a high pressure sprayer operating at 100 psi. Weekly fly counts were made at all locations. Calf barns and loafing sheds were selected as the test areas. Two methods were used to determine fly populations. A Scudder grill was replicated at specific sites in a test area. After 1 min, flies that landed on the grill were counted. ‘Fly Catchers’ (Aeroxon) sticky tapes were also replicated at specific sites. The tapes were hung for 45 min, removed, and the total number of flies recorded. Pretreatment data were recorded. Post-treatment data were calculated as the weekly mean number of house flies for each sampling method per treatment. Weeks 4-11 were subjected to analysis of variance (P = 0.05).
Field Test of Pour Ons, Sprays and Eartags for Control of Cattle Lice on Beef Cattle, 1981
Authors: Campbell J.B. , Boxler D.J. , Gibney V.
Published: March 2022

Lice control trials were conducted on fall weaned calves belonging to UN-L or cooperating ranchers during the winters of 1979 and 1982, respectively. The degree of lice infestation was determined by restraining animals and counting lice in two-hand hairparts on the face, dewlap, neck, side, back and tail head (ca 6 sq in hide surface/hairpart). Animals with average lice numbers of 1-3 were termed lightly infested; 3-10 moderate; over 10, heavy. Lice representative of the infestation were removed with forceps and preserved in alcohol for microscopic identification. In these trials, Linognathus vituli was the major species but some animals also were infested with Solenoptes capillatus and/or Bovicola bovis. Treated and untreated animals were maintained separately throughout the 28-day trial period (Jan-Feb). The efficacy ot treatment (% reduction) was calculated on the basis of infested animals vs non-infested animals 28-days post treatment.
Evaluation of Tail Tapes and Ear Tags for Control of Horn Flies and Face Flies on Beef Cattle, 1982
Authors: Cloud J.A. , Collison A C.H. , Cash E.H.
Published: March 2022

Two types of insecticidal treatments were evaluated for control of horn flies and face flies on beef cattle at The Pennsylvania State University Beef and Sheep Farm. Three herds of purebred beef cattle on separate pastures were used for this study. Ectiban (0.9 g permethrin) Insecticide Tapes were attached to the tails of 53 Polled Hereford cows and the ear tags of 33 calves; Ectrin (8.6% fenvalerate) insecticidal impregnated plastic tags were attached to the ears of 47 Aberdeen Angus cows and 36 calves; and 17 Charolais cows and 15 calves were left untreated as controls. Both the Ectiban tapes and Ectrin tags were attached 1 per animal on Jun 2. The Ectiban tapes did not adhere well and were gradually lost from both the cows and calves. Missing tapes were replaced at 21 days post treatment (5 cows), 41 days post treatment (18 cows and 1 calf), 78 days post treatment (2 cows and 12 calves), and 84 days post treatment (14 cows, 27 left untreated because of insufficient tags). Treatment efficacy was assessed at 2-days post treatment and at weekly intervals for the duration of the study. Face flies were counted on the entire face while horn flies were counted on 1 side of the animal and doubled. Fly counts were taken between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.
Screening of Acaricides for Control of One-Host Ticks, 1982
Authors: Drummond R.O.
Published: March 2022

Larvae of Boophilus annulatus (Say), the cattle tick, and B. microplus (Canestrini), the southern cattle tick, in colony at the Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Falcon Heights, TX, and Anocentor nitens (Neumann), the tropical horse tick and Dermacentor albipictus (Packard), the winter tick, in colony at Kerrville, IX, are placed onto cattle. Engorged females that detacn naturally are tested. Usually candidate compounds (technical materials) are formulated as emulsifiable concentrates containing 25% active ingredient (AI), 65% xylene and 10% Triton X-100. Compounds not soluble in xylene are usually formulated (14.3% AI) in a 1:1 mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and the xylene, Triton X-100 combination. Commercial wettable powders or emulsifiable concentrates may be used. All formulations are mixed with water immediately before treatment. Acaricides are routinely tested at 1, 0.1, and 0.01% AI; the lesser concentrations are obtained by serial dilution of the 1% concentration. For treatment, ticks are washed, dried, sorted into groups of 10, weighed, and placed into 20-25 ml of acaricide, which is stirred vigorously for 30 sec and then poured through a screen that retains the ticks.