bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Toleransi Melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Afif Gita Fauzi
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis internalisasi nilai-nilai toleransi melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kepustakaan atau library research. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif-kritis. Penelitian memfokuskan pada kemampuan untuk menganalisis dan menelaah dari sumber-sumber kepustakaan yang telah dikumpulkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) mengetahui internalisasi nilai-nilai toleransi melalui Pendidikan agama Islam dengan 8 karakter nilai toleransi yaitu Melakukan pembiasaan pada satuan pendidikan, di rumah, dan lingkungan masyarakat, Pembiasaan menjadi peranan penting, maka pembiasaan dilakukan secara terus-menerus, Karakter sebagai sebuah sifat dan respon situasi yang dimanifestasikan dalam tindakan, Dilakukan secara konsisten, terpola yang tidak disadari, dan konstan, Sinergitas dari berbagai pihak baik sekolah maupun keluarga megniternalisasi nilai toleransi, Memberikan stimulus, Memberikan teguran dalam rangka menegakkan kebenaran, Keteladanan: dari seluruh sivitas sekolah. 2) internalisasi nilai toleransi tidak hanya sebatas materi pelajaran akan tetapi dapat menjadi kebiasaan sehingga membentuk sebuah perilaku. Dengan demikian setiap siswa dapat mencerminkan warga negara yang baik
Guru Sebagai Tenaga Profesional Menurut Perspektif Islam
Authors: Nuravipah Eem , Wahyudin Wawan , Suklani
Published: August 2024

Betapa pentingnya peranan guru dan betapa beratnya tugas dan tanggung jawabnya, terutama tanggung jawab moral untuk digugu dan ditiru, yaitu digugu kata- katanya dan ditiru kelakuannya. Tugas guru bukan hanya sebatas di sekolah, akan tetapi di mana saja mereka berada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yakni untuk Betapa pentingnya peranan guru dan betapa beratnya tugas dan tanggung jawabnya, terutama tanggung jawab moral untuk digugu dan ditiru, yaitu digugu kata- katanya dan ditiru kelakuannya. Tugas guru bukan hanya sebatas di sekolah, akan tetapi di mana saja mereka berada. Di rumah sebagai orang tua atau ayah- ibu adalah pendidik bagi putera puterinya. Di masyarakat sebagai tokoh suri teladan bagi orang- orang di sekitarnya, baik dalam sikap dan perbuatannya, maupun pandangan- pandangannya ataupendapatnya, seringkali menjadi ukuran kebenaran bagi orang- orang di sekitarnya. Pada penelitian kali ini penulis menggunakan metode teoritik yaitu dimana teori yang mengidentifikasi teori-teori yang dijadikan sebagai landasan berpikir untuk melaksanakan suatu penelitian atau untuk mendeskripsikan kerangka referensi atau teori yang digunakan untuk mengkaji permasalahan. Dan Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain; 1)Seorang guru yang profesional dituntut dengan sejumlah persyaratan minimal, antara lain, memiliki kualifikasi pendidikan yang memadai, memiliki kompetensi keilmuan sesuai dengan bidang yang ditekuninya, memiliki kemampuan berkomunikasi yang baik dengan anak didiknya, mempunyaijiwa kreatif dan produktif, mempunyai etos kerja dan komitmen tinggi terhadap profesinya, dan selalu melakukan pengembangan diri secara terus-menerus (continues improvement) melalui organisasi profesi, Internet, buku, seminar dan semacamnya.2)ada tiga tugas pokok yaitu tugas profesional, tugas manusiawi, dan tugas kemasyarakatan (sivic mission).
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share (TPS), Numbered Head Together (NHT), dan Savi (Somatic, Auditory, Visualisation, Intelectual) Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Peserta Didik
Authors: Mubarok Saeful Huda
Published: August 2024

Permasalahan yang melatarbelakangi peneliti ini adalah rendahnya kemampuan pemahaman konsep peserta didik yang di peroleh oleh hasil test kemampuan pemahaman konsep peserta didik yang masih terdapat peserta didik yang kemampuan pemahaman konsep belum mencapai nilai KKM. Hasil ini disebabkan salah satunya oleh proses pembelajaran yang masih menggunkan cara tradisional, cermah, kontekstual dll. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemahaman konsep peserta didik setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif  tipe Think Pair Share (TPS), Numbered Head Together (NHT), dan SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visualisation, Intelectual).
Metode yang digunakan ialah Quasi Eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Counterbalanced Design. Instrument dalam penelitian ini ialah soal pilihan ganda kompleks. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VII A sebanyak 32 siswa, Kelas VII B sebanyak 32 siswa dan kelas VII E sebanyak 32 siswa dimana setiap kelasnya merupakan kelas eksperimen dan di setiap tretment menggunakan metode yang berbeda disetiap kelasnya.
Hasil analisis data dengan uji t (independent samples t-test) pada taraf kepercayaan 95% diperoleh nilai  >   dan nilai probalitas sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemahaman konsep peserta didik dari setiap treatment yang dilakukan di setiap kelas dengan metode yang berbeda dan pokok bahasan yang berbeda sehingga hipotesis yang diajukan dapat diterima. Dilihat dari hasil perolehan nilai rata-rata (mean) kemampuan pemahaman konsep peserta didik disetiap studi bahwa model Think Pair Share (TPS) selalu lebih tinggi dari model Numbered Head Together (NHT), dan model Numbered Head Together (NHT) selalu lebih tinggi dari model SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visualisation, Intelectual). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelejaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep peserta didik pada kompetensi dasar menganalisis konsep Aktivitas Manusia Dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan (kelangkaan dan kebutuhan), Kegiatan Ekonomi (Produksi, Distribusi, Konsumsi, Permintaan dan Penawaran) pada mata pelajaran IPS.
Proses dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Atikah Sukainten Ratu , Ummah Iif Nasikhatul , Sadat Fahad Achmad , Maryati Delis Sri
Published: August 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) HakikatSupervisi Pendidikan Agama Islam; 2)TujuanSupervisi Pendidikan Agama Islam; 3) Proses dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan Agama Islam. Artikel ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan cara mengumpulkan literatur (bahan-bahan materi) yang bersumber dari berbagai macam jurnal, internet dan buku yang ditulis oleh orang-orang yang faham tentang HakikatSupervisi Pendidikan Agama Islam, TujuanSupervisi Pendidikan Agama Islam, Proses dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan Agama Islam. Berdasarkan penjelasan yang sudah dipaparkan, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Supervisi sangat membantu dalam pengembangan situasi belajar mengajar untuk mencapai kondisi kerangka kerja yang lebih baik. Walaupun tujuan akhirnya adalah hasil belajar siswa, namun prioritas dalam supervisi adalah bantuan untuk guru. Menurut pelaksanaannyaproses supervise dibagi menjadi lima yaitu supervise korektif, supervisi preventif, supervisi konstruktif, supervise kreatif dan supervisi kooperatif. Ditinjau dari tekniknya supervise dibagi menjadi dua kelompok besar, yaitu teknik supervise individu dan teknik supervise kelompok. Teknik supervisi individu dibagi menjadi kunjungan kelas, observasi kelas, pertemuan individual, kunjungan antar kelas dan penilaian diri. Teknik supervise kelompok adalah cara untuk menerapkan program pengawasan yang ditujukan untuk dua orang atau lebih. Terdapat tiga belas teknik supervise kelompok, yaitu kepanitiaan-kepanitiaan, kerja kelompok, laboratorium kurikulum, baca terpimpin, demonstrasi pembelajaran, darmawisata, kuliah/studi, diskusi panel, perpustakaan jabatan, organisasiÂ  professional, buletin supervise, pertemuanÂ  guru, lokakarya atau konferensi kelompok.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN GURU DALAM MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN KELAS MELALUI SUPERVISI KLINIS PENGAWAS DI MI MA’HAD AL-ZAYTUN GANTAR INDRAMAYU
Authors: Rasmadi Rasmadi
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari pelaksanaan aktifitas PTKp  (penelitian Tindakan Kepengawasan) ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru  dalam managemen  pengelolaan  kelas  melalui supervisi klinis pengawas. Subjek penelitian sebanyak  guru. Penghimpunan data menggunakan instrumen observasi, serta dokumentasi. data dianalisa dengan cara deskriptif kualitatif melalui perbandingan hasil investigasi saat pra serta pasca tindakan dilakukan. Hasil analisa data menunjuk di kondisi awal hanya mencapai angka rerata 50 dengan kriteria KURANG, menaik jadi 8 dengan kriteria CUKUP, serta di siklus II jadi 90 berkriteria BAIK, serta individu tiap guru pada kondisi awal belum ada guru yang dinyatakan tuntas, menaik jadi 5 guru atau 50% serta pada siklus terakhir jadi 10 orang guru atau 100%. Dari penjelasan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan supervisi klinis  terbukti dapat menaikkan  kinerja  guru  dalam MPK   di MI ma’had Al-Zaytun  Semester  2 Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022
MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN TAHFIDZ AL-QURAN DI RUMAH TAFIDZ QUR’AN (RTQ) AT-TAQWA KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Inna Malviana  , Didin Nurul Rosidin  , Asep Mulyana  , Syibromilisi
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi  manajemen pembelajaran tahfidz Al-Qur’an di Rumah Tahfidz Qur’an At-Taqwa Kota Cirebon. Peneltian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan metode deskriptif melalui studi lapangan yang dilakukan di Rumah Tahfidz Qur’an At-Taqwa Kota Cirebon. Adapun perolehan datanya menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Perencanaan Pembelajaran Tahfidz Al-Qur’an di Rumah Tahfidz Qur’an (RTQ) At-Taqwa Kota Cirebon dilakukan oleh guru dan dibimbing Ketua RTQ. Perencanaan dalam pembelajaran tahfidz di RTQ At-Taqwa Kota meliputi 3 yaitu Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), Program Kegiatan; dan Sarana Prasarana. (2) Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Tahfidz Al-Qur’an di Rumah Tahfidz Qur’an (RTQ) At-Taqwa Kota Cirebon, muraja’ah hafalan menjadi suatu hal yang wajib ditunaikan sebelum menambah hafalan.di RTQ At-Taqwa terdapat program unggulan. yaitu tahfidz for kids, tahfidz lissyabab, pesantren tahfidz al-Qur’an dan tahsin tilawah bersanad. Metode yang digunakan yaitu TTM (Talqin, Tikror, Muroja’ah). (3) Evaluasi Pembelajaran Tahfidz di Rumah Tahfidz Qur’an (RTQ) At-Taqwa Kota Cirebon dilaksanakan dalam bentuk lisan, tulisan, ataupun perbuatan. Guru yang berperan sangat penting dalam evaluasi harian, baik dari segi akhlak ataupun target harian. Evaluasi pekanan dan bulanan, guru melaporkan capaian dan catatan anak didiknya masing-masing kepada Ketua RTQ. Untuk evaluasi semesteran dan tahunan, santri membaca semua hafalanyang dimiliki.
Maskintankar: Sammankopplingar av människan och det digitala i svensk litteratur 1965–1980
Authors: Lien Jakob
Published: August 2024

I Maskintankar undersöks hur den svenska litteraturen närmade sig, utforskade, experimenterade med och gestaltade efterkrigstidens digitala omvandling. Tiden från 1965 till 1980 präglades av en accelererande teknisk utveckling. Det digitala övergick från att ha varit en angelägenhet för ett fåtal tekniskt kunniga experter till att i allt högre grad genomsyra hela samhället. Parallellt med de digitala mediernas införande och starkt påverkade av varandra introducerades cybernetiken och dess flyktiga informationsbegrepp vilket ytterligare bidrog till att omvandla förståelsen av oss själva genom att utmana traditionella föreställningar om kropp, identitet och subjektivitet. I analyser av såväl science fiction och experimentell prosa som mer traditionella romaner och visuellt och språkligt utforskande poesi, visar avhandlingens analyser hur litteraturen både formade och formades av dessa omständigheter. Via estetiskt utforskande och lekfulla former men även genom mer realistiska och sakliga uttryck ställde litteraturen avgörande frågor om människa och maskin, språk och kod samt naturligt och artificiellt. Sammantaget visar studien att det fanns ett tekniskt och estetiskt medvetet sätt att förhålla sig till frågor om det digitala bland både institutioner, författare och kritiker långt innan mer samtida föreställningar om en digital litteratur skriven för och läst på skärm hade etablerats. Från medieekologiska och mediearkeologiska utgångspunkter tecknar avhandlingen en historia som pekar in i och sätter vår samtida belägenhet i perspektiv och visar hur föreställningar kopplade till det digitala varit med under en lång tid och fortsätter att informera och påverka dagens litterära och kulturella diskurser. I avhandlingens första kapitel behandlas frågor om språk, kod och kommunikationens förändrade villkor genom att diskutera hur tidiga experiment med algoritmisk poesi ombildade och utvidgade formerna för litterärt skrivande. I avhandlingens andra kapitel undersöks relationen mellan och en potentiell upplösning av mänskliga subjekt och tekniska objekt, och mellan naturligt och artificiellt i ljuset av cybernetikens parallella framväxt med den digitala tekniken. I tredje kapitlet undersöks det digitalas hårdvara och infrastruktur med ett fokus på de (föränderliga) materiella villkor som låg till grund för den mediala utvecklingen under perioden 1965–1980. I ett avslutande kapitel sammanfattas avhandlingens analytiska poänger genom att rikta blicken mot några samtida litterära och konstnärliga exempel av som på olika sätt tematiserar eller använder sig av AI i sina verk.
The Curriculum Change in Indonesian Junior High Schools: The ‘Copy Paste’ Phenomenon
Authors: Yulia Yuyun , Mahayanti Ni Wayan Surya
Published: August 2024

The Indonesian government defines the curriculum as a set of plans, programs, and rules that outline the objectives, contents, methods, and materials in teaching and learning. These serve as guidelines for conducting instructional activities, with the aim of achieving the national education standards. Along with the spirit of decentralization that began in the early 2000s through the implementation of school-based management, schools now control the school-based curriculum, which should be tailored to the unique characteristics of both the school and the student. This research evaluates the teaching of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Indonesian junior high schools, using various instruments across 12 case study schools. Most schools experienced a "copy and paste" effect in their curriculum. One could perceive this as mere decoration instead of actively engaging with the pedagogical and structured content. The actual implementation in class was mostly different from the school documentation. In other words, what teachers do and what they write in the lesson plans are different. Despite the document's effectiveness, schools rarely implement it. To make matters worse, principals appeared to accept school documentation without a critical review of practice. One could perceive this as an endorsement of the document.
Relevansi Pemikiran Pendidikan KH M.A. Sahal Mahfudh Dengan Sistem Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer
Authors: Anwar Ahmad Mukhlis , Ridlwan Burhanuddin
Published: August 2024

This study examines KH. M.A. Sahal Mahfudh's thoughts on Islamic education and its relevance in the context of contemporary education in Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach with a library research method, this study analyzes Kiai Sahal's works and related literature. The results show that Kiai Sahal's thought offers an integrative, transformative, and contextual Islamic education paradigm. He emphasizes the importance of integrating religious and general sciences, holistic character building through the concept of Basic Values Sholih Akrom (NDSA), and an educational approach that is adaptive to the times. Kiai Sahal's thinking has significant relevance to efforts to reform Islamic education in Indonesia, especially in developing an integrative curriculum and character building. The implementation of his thoughts can be seen in various contemporary Islamic education policies and practices. However, challenges such as resistance to change and limited resources still need to be overcome. This research contributes to the development of Islamic education discourse that is responsive to modern needs without losing the roots of tradition
Go City Green Through a Community of Practice: Knowledge Management for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Olobia Dr. Leoncio P
Published: August 2024

Go City Green is an environmental initiative that uses a Community of Practice model of Knowledge Management. In this model, knowledge experts from the university and the international community, facilitators, and university students engage in productive discussions, articulating problems and solutions for environmental protection. Spearheaded by the Bachelor of Arts in Communication Program of Leyte Normal University, Go City Green emphasizes the emergence and dissemination of knowledge throughout the community, from a Communication class to the College of Arts and Sciences and to the international community, with interactions focused on collective interventions both on campus and the outside world. At the end of the Community of Practice, knowledge outcomes reveal various behavioral actions done in the university that contribute to environmental protection. These include waste segregation through reduce, reuse, and recycle; use of personal tumblers instead of plastic mineral bottles; reduction of energy and water consumption by turning off lights and air conditioners in classrooms and turning off the water faucet when doing something else; less consumption and expenditures to reduce waste; paperless submission of student papers; deletion of unwanted and excessive data from cellphones that reduce carbon footprints; continued adherence to health protocols; risk and disaster management practices; and instilling ecological sensitivity, which contribute to their mental health and well-being.
Exploring Seroprevalence Variations of Chicken Infectious Anaemia Virus in Local and Exotic Chickens within Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Markus Talatu , Adamu Jibril , Abdu Paul , Orakpoghenor Ochuko , Kazeem Haruna , Idoko Felix
Published: August 2024

Aim: Chicken infectious anaemia (CIA), a viral disease affecting poultry, poses significant economic challenges to the poultry industry due to its impact on flock health and productivity. This study investigated the seroprevalence of CIA virus (CIAV) antibodies in poultry populations within Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Methods: A total of 176 chickens, comprising local and commercial breeds, were sampled from live bird markets (LBMs) between February and May 2023, with 87 chickens from Jos North, and 89 from Jos South. Blood was collected from each bird without anticoagulant, and serum was harvested. The serum was tested for CIAV antibodies using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: Results revealed an overall seroprevalence rate of 68.2%, with 51.7% of chickens from Jos North and 84.3% from Jos South. Seropositivity rates differed significantly between Jos North and South (P < 0.05), suggesting spatial heterogeneity in CIAV prevalence. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the seropositivity between local (75.0%) and commercial (61.4%) chickens. Based on the regions, a significant (P < 0.05) difference in seroprevalence between local and commercial chickens was found only in Jos South.
Conclusion: The observed regional variations in CIAV seroprevalence underscore the need for targeted surveillance and control measures within the poultry industry. This is to mitigate the spread of the virus, and safeguard poultry health and economic stability in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Therefore, there is need for further research to explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for the differential susceptibility among chicken populations, and to inform targeted intervention strategies.
INVESTIGATING THE PREVALENCE OF DELIRIUM AS A PSYCHIATRY DISORDER IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING HIP JOINT SURGERY
Authors: Otaghi Masoume
Published: August 2024

Background: Delirium is a severe organic disorder in the brain and a type of disorder in the cognitive state associated with reduced attention and cognition. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of delirium in patients undergoing hip joint surgery. Methods: In cross sectional study, the patient's demographic profile form and a checklist of intervening factors designed which were used to measure the prevalence of delirium. The researcher checked the delirium status of the patients on the day before the surgery, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the surgery, and at the time of discharge. Ethical criteria in the research included obtaining informed consent of patients, keeping patients confidential, notifying the delirium status patients to the attending physician for further actions, and not imposing costs on patients. The data were analyzed using Spss software version 16 and descriptive and analytical tests. Results: Result showed, the overall prevalence of delirium in patients was equal to 58 (46.4%), and 92 (73.6%) of patients without a spouse, 112 (89.6%) of patients with poor economic status, 63 (50.4%) of smoking patients, 14 (11.2%) with a history of drug use, 54 (43.2%) with a history of hospitalization in the ICU. Also, the mean (SD) age of the patients was 75.44 (8.43). Conclusions: According to the findings, the prevalence of delirium in patients with hip joint surgery was high, that is why it is necessary to carry out preventive interventions to reduce delirium in these patients. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 24 (1) January, 2023; 1-6.
The Impact of Thawing Permafrost on Arctic Catchments
Authors:   , Hinzman Alexa Marion Hassebroek
Published: August 2024

The Arctic is warming at an unprecedented rate. Warming causes the thawing of the permafrost, which affects how the catchments store and release water. The relationship between discharge and groundwater (storage) is complicated and intertwined with many factors that are also influenced by changing hydrologic behaviors. This relationship between discharge and groundwater can be examined with recession curve slope analysis. The changes observed in an evolving recession curve slope represent how groundwater flows within a catchment as the permafrost thaws. As the frozen soils thaw, flow paths open for increased hydrological connectivity and groundwater flow. This increase in connectivity allows for the increase of non-linearity of the storage-discharge relationship within a catchment. In this dissertation, the analysis of the recession curve is used to identify the impact of permafrost across different catchments. I present and expand on the trends and spatio-temporal differences between catchments in Sweden. I use a mechanistic modeling approach to demonstrate the potential changes that a thawing catchment undergoes. Finally, I explored the compounding impacts of permafrost thaw throughout nested catchments in Alaska (US).
My results show that, throughout recent decades, a majority of catchments have shown an increase in the non-linearity of the discharge groundwater relationship. There is also a strong indication that the changes are seasonally biased, with spring having more linear responses than summer in Swedish catchments. Modeling potential changes in a catchment also presented reasonable explanations for increases in the slope of the recession curve, such as changes in the parameters of the active layer such as shallow surface permeability, shallow surface water retention, and subsurface water retention as well as catchment attributes such as subsurface flow length. It was also determined that there are characteristics of the catchment that can influence the influence of permafrost on the discharge of the catchment. The gradient of a catchment is highly influential in the response of the catchment. Nested catchments have different signals of permafrost thaw, whereby upstream catchments have a more direct and localized impact of thawing permafrost than downstream catchments. The seasonal impacts observed in upstream catchments are unobserved in downstream catchments; however, the largest increases in the recession curve slope over time are from the downstream catchments. Together, this shows widespread but regionally different impacts effects of thawing permafrost on how the catchments store and release water.
Entrepreneurship in sport business strategy: What place in the DRC?
Authors: Jean Calvin Tshibuabua Shamba , Lunkamba John Dr. Kangolo , Mike Mumbere Mulimirwa , Fiston Kalongo Tshimbu
Published: August 2024

The objective of our study is to answer the following question: “How can entrepreneurship in sport business find its place in the Congolese context? With the appearance of sports sponsorship which marked a turning point in the history of sports business, the rapprochement of the entrepreneurial spirit and the discipline of sports management is an opportunity, but in the DRC, it evolves very difficult. Sports organizations are less competitive, and hardly invest in entrepreneurship due to lack of knowledge about converting sports practice into a professional activity. Sport, a social vector whose impact is no longer to be proven, is today at the center of a flourishing economy which attracts customers or consumers when they are faced with multiple choices of events or companies to satisfy their needs. Influencing mega sporting events, well-being, amateur sport and many others are determining factors in the impact of business in sport. In this study, we will approach sport through its economic aspect to raise awareness among Congolese entrepreneurs and stimulate the creation of businesses to address and/or reduce youth unemployment.
Doença Renal Crônica: uma revisão abrangente acerca do diagnóstico e manejo terapêutico
Authors: Figueiredo Ana Luiza Ferraz , Silva Ana Carolina Magalhães Chagas e , Massote Bruno de Barros , Araújo João Pedro de Almeida , Pereira Luísa Bambirra , Morais Lorena Ricardo Guimarães Alves , Soares Maíra Ravel Nunes , Morais Nathália Paim , Guimarães Lígia Maria de Oliveira , Alves Talita Silva , Rocha Luiza Mara Vieira , Faria Júlia Rodrigues , Silva Gabriel Felipe Sant Ana , Alves João Vitor Domingos , Guerra Gabriel Toledo
Published: August 2024

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é uma condição progressiva e irreversível que afeta uma porcentagem significativa da população global, com alta prevalência associada principalmente ao diabetes mellitus e à hipertensão arterial. A etiologia da DRC é diversa, incluindo doenças glomerulares, tubulointersticiais, vasculares, hereditárias e obstrutivas. A fisiopatologia envolve processos complexos de hiperfiltração glomerular, hipertensão glomerular, inflamação e fibrose, que levam à perda progressiva da função renal. O diagnóstico é realizado por métodos laboratoriais, imagiológicos e biopsia renal, enquanto o tratamento se concentra no controle de comorbidades, uso de inibidores do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, modificações no estilo de vida e, em casos avançados, terapias renais substitutivas. A gestão eficaz da DRC requer uma abordagem multifacetada, com ênfase na detecção precoce e no tratamento personalizado para mitigar a progressão da doença e suas complicações.
Study of drug sensitivity to bedaquiline of fast-growing mycobacteria complex M. chelonae – M. abscessus
Authors: Makarova M. V. , Mikhailova Yu. D. , Khachaturyants E. N. , Litvinov V. I.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Mycobacteria chelonae – abscessus complex (primarily М. abscessus) are the most common causative agents of mycobacteriosis among fast-growing non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM).

Materials and methods. The drug sensitivity to bedaquiline of the М. chelonae – abscessus complex has been studied (43 – М. chelonae and 64 – М. abscessus). The study was carried out by the method of serial microdilutions in a liquid medium Muller-Hinton using a 96-well plate.

Results. The MIC spectrum of bedaquiline against М. chelonae and М. abscessus was determined in the range of 0.0015–2.0 µg/ml and 0.0015–1.0 µg/ml, respectively. MIC50 for М. chelonae and М. abscessus was 0.015 and 0.007 µg/ml, MIC90 was 0.12 and 0.06 µg/ml, respectively. Established preliminary epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFF) for clinical isolates of М. chelonae and М. abscessus were 0.25 and 0.12 µg/mL, respectively. Bedaquiline resistance was found in 1 strain of М. chelonae and 2 strains of М. abscessus.

Conclusion. The indicators of drug sensitivity to bedaquiline of М. chelonae and М. abscessus differ in different studies, which is a reflection of the interaction of the pathogen and the macroorganism in different environmental conditions. However, the development of such studies is necessary to create, as a result, real criteria for assessing drug sensitivity to bedaquiline.
Modern capabilities of lifetime morphological diagnosis of mycobacterial defeat
Authors: Zyuzya Yu. R.
Published: August 2024

The results of a comprehensive morphological study of autopsy, surgical and biopsy material from patients with mycobacterial infections (tuberculosis – 69 people; mycobacteriosis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria – 21 people; complications of BCG vaccination – 7 people), including those with immunosuppressive conditions (55 people), were analyzed. To determine the microscopic differential diagnostic signs of mycobacterial and some other infectious granulomatous processes, the results of a study of material from patients with mycoses – 10 people, helminthiasis – 5 people, actinomycosis – 3 people, pneumocystosis – 3 people. The main morphological diagnostic signs of these diseases presented, attention paid to the microscopic features of various granulomatous processes, and a diagnostic algorithm formulated. Identification of the causative agent of the disease in the histological material makes it possible to correctly verify the disease.
Reforming the Federal Fiscal Stabilization Program
Authors: Dahlby Bev
Published: August 2024

The federal Fiscal Stabilization Program is meant to provide financial support for provinces that suffer extraordinary declines in revenues. However, the program only provided $248 million payment to Alberta in 2015-16 in the face of a $8.8 billion decline in revenues, and no support for Saskatchewan and Newfoundland and Labrador that have also suffered significant revenue reductions in recent years. We discuss the rationale for a Fiscal Stabilization Program, and three principles that should be adopted in re-designing it:
· Payments should be based on declines in a province’s own-source revenues from an average of its past years’ own-source revenues
· The program should preserve incentives for provinces to maintain prudent fiscal policies by only covering losses that exceed some percentage of “normal” own-source revenues (a deductible) and then only covering a fraction of eligible losses (co-insurance).
· Formulas determining payments should be simple and transparent with no adjustment for changes in provincial tax policies that may affect own-source revenues.
We propose some alternative formulas, consistent with these principles, for calculating the fiscal insurance payments and show the support levels that they would have provided to the provinces since the mid-1980s.
Economy Policy Trends: The Effect of Alberta's Recession on Canada's National Economy, 2014 to 2019
Authors: Tombe Trevor
Published: August 2024

What would Canada’s economic growth and unemployment have been if Alberta’s recession didn’t happen? We can never know precisely, but one informative approach is to imagine if Alberta growth kept pace with neighboring British Columbia from January 2015 onwards, but all others grew at their observed levels. This builds on prior work by Kneebone (2014) who finds Canada’s unemployment rate would have been much higher in 2014 were it not for robust growth in Alberta.
Slamming the Golden Door: Canada-U.S. Migration Policy and Asylum Seekers
Authors: Falconer Robert
Published: August 2024

In the past few weeks, the United States has either announced or considered noteworthy changes to refugee and asylum policies. On July 15, 2019, the Department of Homeland Security announced that asylum seekers passing through other countries on the way to the U.S. would be barred from claiming asylum, regardless of the merits of their claim, and would be deported to their home countries even if they qualified for refugee status, with few exceptions (Department of Homeland Security 2019). Three days later, it was reported that the Trump administration is considering drastically reducing the number of refugees it resettles from abroad for the coming year, including potentially shutting down its refugee resettlement program (Hesson 2019). Both of these policy changes have significant implications for Canada. This communiqué will focus on the first of these changes, referred to here as the “asylum bar”, while a second focuses on the potential shutdown of the U.S. resettlement program.
Energy and Environmental Policy Trends: Demystifying Bill C-69: The Project List
Authors: Goodday Victoria
Published: August 2024

Controversial federal Bill C-69 passed in June 2019, with its major piece of legislation, the Impact Assessment Act (IAA), coming into force August 28, 2019. The IAA replaces the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act 2012 (CEAA), establishing a new regime for assessing the impacts of major infrastructure projects and physical activities in Canada. Some critics fear the new legislation will make it more difficult to build oil and gas pipelines, especially. Is the backlash over the IAA justified? What exactly has changed from CEAA? For insight, we can compare: 1) the types of projects subject to the regime; 2) the assessment process; 3) on what basis the final decision is made. This Policy Trends tackles the first point.
PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS VS. MULTILATERALISM: IN THE NEW TRUMP-WORLD, DOES CANADA FACE AN IMPOSSIBLE CHOICE?
Authors: Fabian Judit
Published: August 2024

As a small open economy, historically Canada has supported and had a strong preference for strong rules in a multilateral trading environment. However, the CUSTA and NAFTA agreements showed a practical approach as Canada was an early adopter of what became a major shift from multilateral to regional trade agreements (RTAs). More recently, like other countries, Canada has moved more aggressively toward RTAs as new multilateral agreements have become increasingly difficult to reach. Given the need to modernize and update the international trading system and the resource constraints in negotiating agreements, should Canada continue to pursue RTAs, return to its more multilateral approach, or – as Robert Zoellick suggests for the US – can/should Canada walk on 2 legs and pursue both types of arrangements? This paper examines the options while critically addressing whether RTAs help or hinder a multilateral system.
Climate Change and the proposed Canadian Northern Corridor
Authors: Fawcett David , Pearce Tristan , Ford James
Published: August 2024

The Canadian Northern Corridor is a concept for a multi-modal (road, rail, pipeline, electrical and communication) transmission corridor through northern Canada. This paper reviews scientific evidence about potential impacts of climate change in northern Canada and implications for future corridor development. The results show that climate change impacts are already being experienced through northern Canada and are expected to continue and potentially worsen in the future. Permafrost thaw, sea ice melt, extreme weather events, and changes in coastal processes (e.g. sea level rise, erosion), among other impacts, threaten the construction, maintenance, and operation of infrastructure within the corridor. Climate change impacts are likely to affect the feasibility and costs of some infrastructure, and create on-going challenges to operations. Climate change impacts are highly localized and a disturbance at one chokepoint in the corridor could compromise the operation of the whole corridor. More research is needed to examine climate change impacts at local scales to understand the characteristics of the physical environment and how it is changing, as well as how existing human activities may conflict with the corridor. Efforts are needed to engage relevant Indigenous peoples, Indigenous organisations, and local communities early in corridor discussions to identify if a corridor is desirable and relevant to them, and whether it can be developed in a manner that sustains livelihoods, culture, health, and well-being.
Less Income for More Hours of Work: Barriers to Work for Social Assistance Recipients in B.C.
Authors: Petit Gillian , Scott Craig , Gallacher Blake , Zwicker Jennifer , Tedds Lindsay
Published: August 2024

Individuals enter into paid work with the expectation they will be financially better off than had they not entered into paid work. Unfortunately, for recipients of Income Assistance in the province of British Columbia (B.C.), additional hours of employment may actually take money out of their pocket due to the design of income assistance and its unintended interactions with other income and social support programs and the tax system. In this paper, we illustrate cases where B.C. residents receiving Disability Assistance or Temporary Assistance have less after-tax income after working additional hours of employment.
Northern Populism: Causes and Consequences of the New Ordered Outlook
Authors: Graves Frank , Smith Jeff
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the issue of whether of not authoritarian populism – or what we prefer to label ordered populism – is a force in Canada. There is clear evidence in the international literature that this force has been a critical factor in explaining the rise of Donald Trump in America, Brexit in the United Kingdom and similar examples in other advanced western democracies. The paper attempts to clarify the key concepts under discussion based on a cursory review of the recent and historical literature. Using this literature, we identify the key forces that seem to be linked to the emergence of ordered populism in other societies. These include economic stagnation and the rising concentration of wealth at the top of the social system, a magnified sense of external risk, a cultural backlash against the loss of core values for those embracing this outlook and a broad sense of normative tension – that the broadest direction of society is moving in the wrong direction.
 
Using time series, we find clear evidence that the forces, which have been linked to the emergence of ordered populism, are evident in Canada. We then attempt to use more direct evidence that this force is in fact present in Canada. We measure public opinion as to whether the public believe it is here and whether it is a positive or negative force. We also use direct measures based on variations of indices that have been developed to measure this phenomenon. Using both of these measurement strategies, we find evidence that ordered populism is present in Canada and that it has been a major political force expressing itself in dramatically heightened partisan polarization (similar to what other researchers have found in the United States and the United Kingdom).
 
As a more definitive test, we applied the open-ordered index and related tests to the recently completed Canadian election. Our testing showed that this index was an extremely powerful predictor of the election outcome. We conclude with some thoughts on the broad policy implications for this research.
Vulnerabilities and Benefits of Megascale Agrifood Processing Facilities in Canada
Authors: Carlberg Jared
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the vulnerabilities associated with mega-scale agri-food processing facilities in the wake of Canada’s COVID-19 outbreak and associated disruptions to the food supply chain and food security as the result of disease outbreak-induced plant closures. The current system of mega-scale facilities has come about as a result of powerful economic incentives associated with economies of size and scale, which allow larger-scale facilities to spread fixed costs across more units of output, leading to lower per-unit costs, greater levels of profitability, and, in the case of the agri-food sector, lower prices and enhanced food security. Governmental and regulatory policies such as tax incentives for investment in large plants (to bring jobs into communities) and allowing the anti-competitive effects of larger/fewer plants to be a secondary consideration to efficiencies have also contributed to the phenomenon of large plant size. Unfortunately, however, increased plant size also requires more workers which can lead to increased risk of disease spread. Moreover, with fewer and larger plants, if a disease like COVID-19 is detected and a plant idled or shut down as a result, the impact of any individual plant being closed upon the food supply and food security is much greater.
            Three potential strategic policy options to address this are explored. The first is the introduction of a series of smaller, regional facilities which would greater match commodity availability to processing capacity. For example, Canada’s cattle slaughter capacity does not closely resemble the location of its cattle herd. A second possible option would be the encouragement of alternative ownership structures such as the 1990s-era “New Generation Co-operative” which would be farmer-owned and geographically dispersed. The third (and most likely) option is the introduction of greater levels of mechanization, which would require fewer workers, and increased intra-plant distancing and safety measures for those workers.
Social Policy Trends: Declining International Student Numbers
Authors: Falconer Robert
Published: August 2024

The number of international students arriving in Canada fell by 28 percent in 2020. Those remaining in their home countries face barriers to learning.
MACKENZIE VALLEY GAS PIPELINE IN RETROSPECT
Authors: Munzur Alaz
Published: August 2024

Canada’s history is punctuated with a number of big and bold national projects, such as the Trans-Canada Highway and the Canadian Pacific Railway, that have played defining roles for the country and its citizens’ prosperity.1 However, over more recent decades, there has been much less success in bringing such projects to fruition. Indeed, the growing number of major national infrastructure projects that have been stalled or cancelled suggests some re-thinking of the factors that impact the development of these projects is required. 
The lengthy regulatory and review processes to assess major infrastructure development projects and lack of long-term planning are often viewed as sources of conflict between the economic objectives and environmental conservation and culture and heritage preservation. Cancelled and stalled infrastructure projects can offer valuable insight into this and can lead to better decision-making processes around infrastructure development in Canada. For this purpose, this communiqué provides a retrospective look at the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline. 
Industry proponents developed the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline project in the 1970s in response to the federal government’s decision to facilitate the delivery of gas from Canada’s Arctic to markets in the south (Dosman 1975, 119–124). About half a century later, the project was finally cancelled. As one of the largest infrastructure projects ever considered in Canada, the issues encountered throughout the initial development and regulatory review phases of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline proposals can provide valuable lessons for similar major infrastructure projects.
Interprovincial Trade Barriers in Canada: Options for Moving Forward
Authors: Carlberg Jared
Published: August 2024

Barriers to interprovincial trade impose significant costs upon the Canadian economy, with Alvarez et al (2019) estimating losses of between one and four percent of GDP (approximately $92 billion) on an annual basis. These barriers can take the form of natural barriers, prohibitive barriers that restrict or prohibit the movement of specific items, technical barriers, or regulator/administrative barriers. Regardless of the specific form of barrier, they all have the same effects: reductions in growth, output, efficiency and productivity.
            A number of drivers have given rise to these barriers over a long period of time. In some cases, shared jurisdiction between the federal and provincial governments within the Canadian federation has led to a lack of certainty over which senior level of government has final authority. Some courts have interpreted relevant sections of the Canadian constitution literally, while our Supreme Court has not, allowing barriers to remain despite seemingly clear phrasing within the constitution that prohibits restrictions on the movement of goods. Rent-seeking, protectionism and self-interest by industry stakeholders also may be playing a role in the maintenance of barriers.
            At least three options exist to begin to dismantle these barriers in order to realize the economic benefits associated with the freer flow of goods and services. First, a more constructionist interpretation of the relevant sections of the Constitution Act could help remove restrictions on interprovincial trade. Second, additional new partnerships similar to the New West Partnership Trade Agreement (NWPTA) between the four Western provinces could be negotiated. Lastly, efforts to remove barriers within specific industries could be increased, both within and outside of the Canadian Free Trade Agreement (CFTA). Each of these three potential strategies has benefits and costs, but it is certain that overall economic output, growth and equity would be increased as a result of increased liberalization of internal Canadian trade.