Prevalence of Esbl-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Strains Isolated to the University Hospital Center of N’djamena and their Sensitivity to Antibiotics
Authors:   Faculty of Health Sciences, Adam Barka University of Abeche, Chad, A Hamadou , BA Ban-bo ,   Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of N’Djamena, Chad, AK Traore ,   Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmissible by Water and Food, Joseph Ki-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Chad, G Kadidja ,   National Reference University Hospital Center of N’Djamena, Chad, EM Nikiema ,   Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmissible by Water and Food, Joseph Ki-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Chad, SM Mahamat ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Adam Barka University of Abeche, Chad, BJ Ouoba ,   Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmissible by Water and Food, Joseph Ki-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Chad, Bako Evariste ,   Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmissible by Water and Food, Joseph Ki-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Chad, SC Bouda ,   Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmissible by Water and Food, Joseph Ki-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Chad, B Nadlou ,   National Reference University Hospital Center of N’Djamena, Chad, N Barro ,   Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Bacteria and Viruses Transmissible by Water and Food, Joseph Ki-ZERBO University, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Chad
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics is experiencing a worrying worldwide evolution with a growing impact in the community and medical sector. The difficulties encountered in hospitals in treating certain infections resulting from multi-resistant bacteria are a source of great concern in human health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, diversity and antibiotic resistance of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the hospital setting. Materials and Methods: A total of 830 specimens from hospitalized and outpatients including 341 stools, 257 urine and 232 pus were collected between August 2017 and February 2019. Enterobacteriaceae were identified using the Api 20E gallery and the VITEK® 2TM 15 compact automaton. E. coli and Salmonella serotyping were performed by serum agglutination using the Latex Test Kil and the Kauffmann-White Kit, respectively. Sensitivity tests according to the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology and double disc synergy to detect ESBLs have been carried out. Results: Out of the 830 specimens, 181 (21%) strains were isolated at the N’Djamena National Reference University Hospital between August 2017 and February 2019. 56 strains produced ESBLs, i.e. a prevalence of 30.9% (56/181). Escherichia coli was more common (74%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.6%), Proteus spp (14.9%), Salmonella (2.8%) and Shigella (1.7%) (p<0,05). These germs were isolated from urine at 47%, pus at 38% and stool at 15%. Resistance with E. coli was respectively 60.8% and 50% for imipenem and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Regarding Klebsiella pneumoniae, these rates were 70% and 55% respectively. Salmonella showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (80%), gentamicin (80%) and ceftriaxone (60%). E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae have been the most implicated with strong resistance to the majority of antibiotics. Conclusion: This study highlighted the diversity of enterobacteria causing diarrhea and the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria. It helps to update knowledge for better patient care.