bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF INA-CBG’S FARE AND GOVERNOR REGULATION FAREON SURGERY AT INPATIENT ROOM OF UNDATA REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN PALU
Authors: Napirah Muhammad Ryman , Nurul Rasyika , Anggraeni Riru Dwi
Published: October 2019

Aim: In order to determine the fares of surgery, there are two types of fares used by hospitals namely Indonesian Case Based Groups fare (INA-CBG s) and Governor Regulation fare. This study aimed to identify and analyze both types of fares in orthopedic surgery, general, eyes, midwifery, mouth, ENT, urology at inpatient room of Undata Regional Public Hospital in Palu during year 2014.Method: This was a quantitative study with descriptive approach with 46 cases as the number of surgery. Data were collected through observation and analysis of secondary data were gotten from medical record, pharmaceutical installation of IBS/IDR, inpatient therapy room (Matahari, Aster, and Teratai pavilions) and cashier of inpatient room in form of cost details and patient data from January to December 2014. Data Presentation was formed on tables, where the existing fares are grouped based on the component of each cost then summed and calculated the deviation between the two types of fares.Results: This study indicated that orthopedic surgery with deviation of Rp 11.311.365, general surgery with deviation of Rp 6.438.409, eyes surgery with deviation of Rp 45.173.741, midwifery surgery with deviation of Rp 6.645.765, oral surgery with deviation of Rp 6.105.659, and urological surgery with deviation of Rp. 3.809.959.Conclusion: It can be concluded that INA-CBG's fares are higher than Governor Regulation fares except orthopedic surgery, where the Governor Regulation faresare higher than INA-CBG’s fares. Key Words :INA-CBG’s Fares, Governor Regulation Fares,Surgery
Applying Spatial Analysis Tools in Public Health: The Use of AERMOD in Modeling the Emission Dispersion of SO2 and NO2 to Identify Exposed Area to Health Risks
Authors: Jayadipraja Erwin Azizi , Daud Anwar , Assegaf Alimuddin Hamzah , Maming Maming
Published: October 2019

Background: The cement industry is one of the main contributors of pollutant gasses in the environment through stack emissions.Aim: This study aims to model the dispersion of SO2 and NO2 gasses and to determine the area of the dispersion by American Meteorological Society – Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Model or AERMOD has been utilized by PT. Semen Tonasa (Tonasa Cement, Ltd.).Methods: Meteorological data from AERMENT was collected from reanalysis of MM5 data. While topographical data was extracted from SRTM30 satellite data. The model was carried out for a year, to cover both the dry and rainy season.Results: The result of the modeling showed that the peak value of the concentration of SO2 and NO2 pollutants for one hour are 135 μg/m3 and 160 μg/m3 respectively (quality standards of SO2 and NO2 are 900 μg/Nm3 and 400 μg/Nm3). The area of dispersion tends to be in the eastern area, such as District Minasatene (Sub-district Bontoa, Kalabbirang, Minasatene dan Biraeng), District Bungoro (Sub-district Biringere, Sapanang, Mangilu, Bulu Tellue) and District Labakkang (Sub-district Taraweang). Key words: Spatial analysis, AERMOD, AERMOD, cement factory, exposed area, SO2 and NO2
Public Health Tourism in Indonesia. Is it possible?
Authors: Gunawan Joko
Published: October 2019

none
INCIDENCE OF STUNTING AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH FOOD INTAKE, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, AND ECONOMIC STATUS IN KENDARI, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Authors: Akhmad Akhmad , Yadi Sahmad , Farma Ikhwana
Published: October 2019

Background: Stunting is characterized by inhibition of growth in children that lead to failure in getting normal heights and healthy child's age. It is a public health problem in the working area of Public Health Center of Mata, Kelurahan Mangga Dua in Kendari in 2016.Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between food intake, infectious diseases, economic status and the incidence of stunting in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, IndonesiaMethods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study with retrospective approach. This research was conducted in Public Health Center of Mata. There were 41 respondents were selected as the samples. Data were collected by questionnaires, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: The results showed that there were significant associations between food intake (p= 0.001), infectious diseases (p= 0.000), economic status (p= 0.000), and the incidence of stunting in infants.Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between food intake, infectious diseases and economic status with the incidence of stunting in children aged 2-4 years in the working area of Public Health Center of Mata, Kendari.  Therefore, good food intake is needed for the growth and development of the child. Moreover, changing the behavior of parents by doing the healthy and clean behavior in the household to prevent infectious diseases in children infectious diseases is also very important. Economic status however also plays key role in the incidence of stunting in children.
MASS GATHERINGS: PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Mani Geetha
Published: October 2019

NA
CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS: A NEGLECTED PARADIGM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Asyary Al
Published: October 2019

NA
FACILITY ASSESSMENT FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES IN BANGLADESH USING SERVICE AVAILABILITY AND READINESS ASSESSMENT (SARA) TOOL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL PILOT STUDY
Authors: Aftab Afzal , Hasan Mehedi , Bari Rahmatul , Hossain Mohammad Didar , Hasan Mehadi , Azad Abul Kalam , Islam Bulbul , Sarker Malabika
Published: October 2019

Background: To initiate journey towards the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) it is essential to assess the health facilities. Unfortunately, no health facility assessment has been conducted in Bangladesh so far using “Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA)” tool. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a pilot study to assess health facilities for maternal and child health services using SARA tool so that we can scale-up this assessment throughout the country later.Aim: We aimed to assess the health facilities for maternal and child health services in Tangail, Bangladesh using service availability and readiness assessment (SARA) tool.Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in Bashail and Shokhipur Upazilla of Tangail district. A sample of 14 health facilities was assessed purposefully for data collection using a modified version of the SARA tool. Data was collected from November 01 to November 15, 2013, using paper-based questionnaire. Finally, following data collection, data were documented into Microsoft Excel by data collectors. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, version 2010.Results: General service readiness has been segregated into five domains and their readiness scores were basic amenities (53.06%), basic equipment (83.33%), standard precautions for infection prevention (55.56%), and basic equipment (58.93%) for included health facilities. Similarly, specific service readiness includes family planning (48.15%), child immunization (67.71%), preventive and curative care (71.43%), and basic surgery (93.33%).Conclusion: Since we are moving towards UHC, it is essential to know the current scenario of health facilities. This pilot study reveals the strength and weakness of the health facilities in providing the maternal and child health services. These findings will help us to resolve all the identified gaps through proper planning and action.
HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN PREGNANT WOMEN LIVING IN COASTAL AND PLATEAU AREAS, KENDARI, INDONESIA
Authors: Rosanty Anita , Yunus Reni
Published: October 2019

Background: Insufficient hemoglobin levels are one of the most vulnerable health problems during pregnancy. Hemoglobin levels less than 11 g/dL indicate anemia in pregnant women. However, it is assumed that there is a difference of hemoglobin levels between pregnant women in coastal and plateau areas. Objective: To compare the hemoglobin levels in pregnant women who live in the coastal and plateau areas in the working area of the Community Health Center of Mata, Kendari. Methods: This was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach, conducted in May-June 2014. There were 38 pregnant women using quota sampling, divided into 19 respondents in coastal areas and 19 respondents in plateau areas. Blood sampling was performed in each respondent, and categorized into mild, moderate, and severe anemia. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The proportion of pregnant women with anemia in the working area of the Community Health Center of Mata was 94.74%. Chi-square test showed p-value 0.307 (0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in coastal and plateau areas in the working area of the Community Health Center of Kendari district.
THE CORRELATIONS AMONG CONSTRUCTS IN THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL AND SELF-EFFICACY IN APPLYING THE NEWLY DEVELOPED INDONESIAN MODEL OF ASSERTIVE COMMUNICATION (CERDAS)
Authors: Puspitawati Theresia , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Sastrowijoto Soenarto , Paramastri Ira , Claramita Mora
Published: October 2019

Background: One of the most important factors in providing health services is communication. Effective communication between patient-physician will have an impact on health outcomes. Nevertheless, a gap still occurs in patient-physician communication.Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between the core concepts of the well-established Health Belief Model: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action with the concept of self-efficacy in applying the newly developed Indonesian Model of Assertive Communication called “CERDAS”.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with 202 eligible women of the Family Welfare Programme in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The samples were selected using quota sampling. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test.Results: Results of the Pearson correlation tests between self efficacy and perceived susceptibiliy showed r: 0.191, perceived severity r: 0.239, perceived benefits r: 0.256, perceived barriers r: 0.272, and cues to action r: 229; with all values p0.05.Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers, as well as cues to action with self-efficacy in applying the new Model of Assertive Patient-Physician Communication, “CERDAS”.
RESPONSE: FACTORS RELATED TO THE SUCCESS OF THE TREATMENT PROGRAM OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN POLYCLINIC OF MDR-TB OF THE GENERAL HOSPITAL OF UNDATA PALU, INDONESIA
Authors: Asyary Al
Published: October 2019

None
SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF NATIONAL HEALTHCARE INSURANCE FRAUD BASED ON COMPUTER APPLICATION
Authors: Santoso Budi , Hendrartini Julita , Djoko Rianto Bambang Udji , Trisnantoro Laksono
Published: October 2019

Background: The national healthcare insurance (JKN) has been in deficit since 2014-2016; one of the causes is fraud inpatient hospital service. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the validity, reliability and effectiveness of detection system of national healthcare insurance fraud based on computer application in hospital.Methods: Cross-sectional method was used. Fraud data were collected at one episode in the inpatient JKN participant service.Results: Validity was assessed by Fischer exact test. The interpretation was done by hospital internal verification officer and BPJS Kesehatan verification officer. There were only 2 out of 1.106 services claims were different, resulted in p-value 0.01. Reliability was assessed using Human Organization Technology Benefit questionnaire filled by admission administrator officer, BPJS Kesehatan officer and hospital internal verification officer; and then analyzed using Stata® software resulting in Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.8. Effectiveness was assessed by reducing potential fraud, conducted by RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro from May until July 2017, which on May 2018 there were 8 findings, June 1 finding, and on July 2018 had no finding.Conclusion: System for detection of national healthcare insurance fraud based on computer application is valid, reliable and effective to be implemented in inpatient service in hospital.
INDONESIAN PRIMARY CARE THROUGH UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE SYSTEMS: A FEELING IN BONES
Authors: Asyary Al
Published: October 2019

Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional or JKN realized as the one of problem solving for equity of healthcare in Indonesian setting. At the same point, it has to compatible with all aspects in health financing issues by its newly adopted systems. This review aims to reveal JKN health financing policy since it implemented by 2014 in Indonesia. Several bibliographies databases were identified to conduct literature reviews that comprised of international and national/local journals. It founds that JKN principles focuses on mutual support, not-for-profit, good governance, and portability aspects. JKN enrollment consisted of two types polisholders including incapable polis insurance (PBI JKN) that bear by the Indonesian government, and capable polis insurance (none PBI JKN). JKN have to synergize with recent existing challenges including integration from previous regional health insurance (Jamkesda), healthcare facilities, package benefit, financing issue as well as the deficit issue which happened as lower dues that making by JKN polisholder than the high claim by the healthcare facilities particularly in hospitals. Although, JKN emerges to tackle the inequity of healthcare in all Indonesian regions, the existing settled Jamkesda in several regions, particularly regions with high regional income, made JKN integration as the setback health financing on its regions. Limited healthcare facilities that cooperated with BPJS-Kesehatan also challenged the JKN implementation as well as financial lose in affecting by mismatch between medical expenditures with JKN claimed as per package. It concludes that the political willing to choose several options including to prevent JKN deficit depend on the leader commitment to make JKN as not for another journey but it shall be the destination for health financing in Indonesia.
PERSONAL HYGIENE, SANITATION AND FOOD SAFETY KNOWLEDGE OF FOOD WORKERS AT THE UNIVERSITY CANTEEN IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rahman Abdul , Tosepu Ramadhan , Karimuna Siti Rabbani , Yusran Sartiah , Zainuddin Asnia , Junaid Junaid
Published: October 2019

Background: Food and beverage sanitation hygiene is a prevention effort that focuses on activities or actions that are necessary to free food and drinks from hazards that can interfere with or damage health.Objective: This study aimed to identify personal hygiene, sanitation and food safety knowledge of food workers at the canteen university.Methods: This was a descriptive study with observational approach. Thirty-four canteens were recruited using total sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with percentage.Results: Findings showed that 11 canteens (32.3%) did not meet the standard for canteen sanitation, 24 canteens (70.6%) did not meet lighting standard, 29 (85.3%) did not meet ventilation standard, 18 (52,9%) did not meet the standard of clean water, 31 (91.2%) did not meet wastewater disposal standard, 23 (67.6%) did not meet the hand washing facility standard, 25 (73.5%) did not meet standard of waste disposal conditions, 28 respondents (85.3%) had good personal hygiene, 6 respondents (14.6%) had poor personal hygiene and all food workers had good knowledge on food safety (100%).Conclusion: Personal hygiene, sanitation and food safety at the university canteen must be carried out continuously. Our findings can be used as a basis for creating healthy university canteen.
ONTOLOGY AND EPISTEMOLOGY OF MALARIA
Authors: Tosepu Ramadhan
Published: October 2019

None
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ROSE FLOWER (ROSA CHINENSIS JACQ) ON CANDIDA ALBICANS COLONIES IN JELLY (SABOURAUD DEXTROSE AGAR) MEDIA
Authors: Widyana Erni Dwi , Tarsikah Tarsikah , Naimah Naimah
Published: October 2019

Background: Approximately 90% of women in Indonesia have the potential to experience fluor albus. Fluor albus is mostly caused by Candida Albicans. Candida Albicans is a fungus that often causes infections on people. Herbal medicine is one alternative that can be used as a raw material for anti-fungial medication of Candida Albicans.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine effectiveness of rose flower (Rosa Chinensis Jacq) on Candida Albicans colonies.Methods: This research was an experimental study with posttest only control group design, using four repetitions with a concentration of 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and 17.5%. The hypothesis test used was One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with a significance level of 0.05.Results: The result shows that 7.5% concentration, the growth of the colonies was 148.75 CFU/ml; at 10% concentration, the growth of the colonies was 123 CFU/ml; at 12.5%, the growth of the colonies was 86 CFU/ml, at 15%, the growth of the colony was 29 CFU/ml; at 17.5 %, the colony growth was 0, so it can be concluded the higher concentration of rose extract, the lower number of Candida Albicans colonies.Conclusion: Rose extract (Rosa Chinensis Jacq) is effective in inhibiting the growth of the Candida Albicans fungus with minimum killing levels of 17.5%. Further studies on toxicity test on rose extracts on Candida Albicans are necessary.
EPIDEMIOLOGY FORECASTING ANALYSIS OF DENGUE HAEMORRAGHIC FEVER WITH SEASONAL AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE IN TROPICAL AREA
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto , Risva Risva , Marliana Nana
Published: October 2019

Background: Health problems that often occur in tropical countries are infectious diseases, one of which often causes outbreaks was Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). This disease often causes problems especially in endemic areas and even outbreaks that occur with death from sufferers.Objectives: To forecasting of the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in the working area of the Puskesmas Temindung. Methods: This was analytical descriptive research with forecasting design using secondary data and primary from informant who understand the problem. Forecasting using SARIMA method (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average).Results: The results showed that the total of DHF cases in Temindung Health Center could be predicted by the SARIMA (1,1,1) (1,0,0) model with means square error (MSE) of 0.001394688 forecasting results obtained from October 2018 to September 2019 cases, which tend to fluctuate but illustrates an increase in cases of DHF compared to the previous year's data. Conclusion: Forecast of the DHF is for the next 12 months starting from October 2018 as many as 7 cases, in November 4 cases, in December 4 cases; then starting in January 2019 as many as 3 cases, February 2 cases, March 3 cases, April 3 cases, May 3 cases, June 4 cases, July 3 cases, August 3 cases and September 3 cases with a total number of 42. Forecasting results show dengue cases tend to fluctuate every month but have increased cases from the previous year.
SUPPLY NETWORK POSITION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM CHINESE LISTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
Authors: Shia Jinyan , Yang Jiangheng , Li Yanxi
Published: October 2019

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between supply network position and firm performance. A-share manufacturing companies listed from 2013 to 2015 are chosen as the initial samples, and large sample supply networks are constructed with relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness. The location of supply network is depicted by network centrality and structural hole with social network analysis, and the influence of supply network position on the corporate performance is examined with multiple OLS regression analysis. This paper observes that a firms’ supply network position is an important factor affecting its performance. The higher the network centrality is, the richer the structural holes are, and the worse the company’s performance is. The results suggest that firms that have a high level of centrality or rich structural holes in their supply networks will gain limited information, resource and control benefits and face great business risks that may negatively influence their performance.
Vapor Drainage in the Protolunar Disk as the Cause for the Depletion in Volatile Elements of the Moon
Authors: Nie Nicole X. , Dauphas Nicolas
Published: October 2019

Lunar rocks are severely depleted in moderately volatile elements (MVEs) such as Rb, K, and Zn relative to Earth. Identifying the cause of this depletion is important for understanding how the Earth–Moon system evolved in the aftermath of the Moon-forming giant impact. We measured the Rb isotopic compositions of lunar and terrestrial rocks to understand why MVEs are depleted in the Moon. Combining our new measurements with previous data reveals that the Moon has an 87Rb/85Rb ratio higher than Earth by +0.16 ± 0.04‰. This isotopic composition is consistent with evaporation of Rb into a vapor medium that was ∼99% saturated. Evaporation under this saturation can also explain the previously documented isotopic fractionations of K, Ga, Cu, and Zn of lunar rocks relative to Earth. We show that a possible setting for achieving the same saturation upon evaporation of elements with such diverse volatilities is through viscous drainage of a partially vaporized protolunar disk onto Earth. In the framework of an α-disk model, the α-viscosity needed to explain the ∼99% saturation calculated here is 10−3–10−2, which is consistent with a vapor disk where viscosity is controlled by magnetorotational instability.
An Improved Treatment of Neutral Sheet Drift in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Engelbrecht N. Eugene , Mohlolo S. T. , Ferreira S. E. S.
Published: October 2019

Drifts due to the curvature and gradients in the heliospheric magnetic field, as well as along the heliospheric current sheet, have long been known to play a significant role in the transport of galactic cosmic rays. Recently, there has been greater interest in the role these drifts play in the transport of solar energetic particles. This study proposes an approach to modeling particle drift velocities in particle transport codes that, while being relatively simple to implement and computationally inexpensive, also models drift effects accurately across a broader range of energies than previous approaches.
Parallel-propagating Fluctuations at Proton-kinetic Scales in the Solar Wind Are Dominated By Kinetic Instabilities
Authors: Woodham Lloyd D. , Wicks Robert T. , Verscharen Daniel , Owen Christopher J. , Maruca Bennett A. , Alterman Benjamin L.
Published: October 2019

We use magnetic helicity to characterize solar wind fluctuations at proton-kinetic scales from Wind observations. For the first time, we separate the contributions to helicity from fluctuations propagating at angles quasi-parallel and oblique to the local mean magnetic field,

. We find that the helicity of quasi-parallel fluctuations is consistent with Alfvén-ion cyclotron and fast magnetosonic-whistler modes driven by proton temperature anisotropy instabilities and the presence of a relative drift between α-particles and protons. We also find that the helicity of oblique fluctuations has little dependence on proton temperature anisotropy and is consistent with fluctuations from the anisotropic turbulent cascade. Our results show that parallel-propagating fluctuations at proton-kinetic scales in the solar wind are dominated by proton temperature anisotropy instabilities and not the turbulent cascade. We also provide evidence that the behavior of fluctuations at these scales is independent of the origin and macroscopic properties of the solar wind.
Nearly all Massive Quiescent Disk Galaxies Have a Surprisingly Large Atomic Gas Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Chengpeng , Peng Yingjie , Ho Luis C. , Maiolino Roberto , Dekel Avishai , Guo Qi , Mannucci Filippo , Li Di , Yuan Feng , Renzini Alvio , Dou Jing , Guo Kexin , Man Zhongyi , Li Qiong
Published: October 2019

The massive galaxy population above the characteristic Schechter mass M
* ≈ 1010.6

contributes to about half of the total stellar mass in the local universe. These massive galaxies usually reside in hot dark matter halos above the critical shock-heating mass ∼1012

, where the external cold gas supply to these galaxies is expected to be suppressed. When galaxies run out of their cold gas reservoir, they become dead and quiescent. Therefore, massive quiescent galaxies living in hot halos are commonly believed to be gas-poor. Based on the data from SDSS, ALFALFA, GASS, and COLD GASS surveys, here we show that the vast majority of the massive, quiescent, central disk galaxies in the nearby universe have a remarkably large amount of cold atomic hydrogen gas, surprisingly similar to star-forming galaxies. Both star-forming and quiescent disk galaxies show identical symmetric double-horn H i spectra, indicating similar regularly rotating H i disks. Relative to their star-forming counterparts, massive quiescent central disk galaxies are quenched because of their significantly reduced molecular gas content, lower dust content, and lower star formation efficiency. Our findings reveal a new picture, which clearly demonstrates the detailed star formation quenching process in massive galaxies and provides a stringent constraint on the physical mechanism of quenching.
Biota from the coastal wetlands of Praia da Vitória (Terceira, Azores, Portugal): Part 4 – Vascular plants
Authors: Elias Rui , Brito Mariana , Pimentel César , Nogueira Elisabete , Borges Paulo
Published: October 2019

The data presented here come from field observations, carried out between 2014 and 2017, as part of a LIFE research project aiming to preserve and restore three coastal wetlands of Praia da Vitória (Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal) (LIFE-CWR). A total of 23 vascular plant species surveys were carried out in three sites: one for each semester in Paul da Praia da Vitória (PPV) and Paul da Pedreira do Cabo da Praia (PPCP); one for each semester (except in 2014) in Paul do Belo Jardim (PBJ). The main objectives were to determine the plant richness of the three sites and to monitor yearly variation on species composition.

A total of 107 taxa, belonging to 50 families, were observed, many of which are new records for the area, especially in PBJ and PPCP, where 78 and 92% of species records were new. A few very rare species in the Azores were recorded in these coastal wetlands, namely Lotus creticus, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Juncus maritimus and Polygonum maritimum.
Research Briefs: Another Opportunity for Research Dissemination
Authors: Lach Helen W.
Published: October 2019

EXCERPT

Dissemination is a key step in the nursing research process. A recent journal article notes that sharing research findings is vital so that “appropriate information is incorporated into practice” (Edwards & Valley, 2003). This step includes presenting and publishing research results. The Journal of Gerontological Nursing (JGN) has a goal of publishing quality research, providing an important vehicle for researchers to publish findings relevant to the nursing care of older adults. The Research Brief is one format option the Journal provides for disseminating research findings. However, during the past few years, few contributors have used this opportunity. The purpose of this Guest Editorial is to explore dissemination of research, and encourage authors to consider the Research Brief format for future submissions to the Journal.
Older Adult Stereotypes Among Care Providers in Residential Care Facilities: Examining the Relationship between Contact, Education, and Ageism
Authors: Reyna Christine , Goodwin Eric J. , Ferrari Joseph R.
Published: October 2019

One barrier to quality elder care is ageism among care providers. In the present study, two models of stereotype reduction were tested with care providers at residential homes for older adults—the effects of contact and the effects of education on prejudice. Caregivers at five residential programs in Australia completed a survey assessing education, training, contact with older clients, prior experience, and stereotypes toward older adults. Results revealed that contact was not associated with fewer stereotypes but education (both specific and general) was associated with fewer stereotypes. Implications are discussed in terms of possible interventions and increasing optimal contact with older clients.
Accessibility Accommodations for Older Adults Seeking e-Health Information
Authors: Chaffin Amy J. , Maddux Cleborn D.
Published: October 2019

The study tested the effect of Web page design accommodations for older adults. Two websites, designed by the researchers, were viewed and evaluated by three groups of adults: Younger (ages 30 to 64), Older (ages 65 to 84), and Oldest (ages 85 and older). The two sites, one with accommodations and one without, had identical health content. Thirty adults in each of three age groups rated both web pages. A 2 X 3, mixed ANOVA, age by page style was calculated. Both main effects and the interaction were significant. In all groups, ratings for the website without accommodations were lower than for the site with accommodations. The ratings of the site without accommodations were lowest among adults in the Oldest group.
Relationship Between Assault Frequency and Length of Hospitalization in Older Patients With Dementia: Determining the Maximum Benefit of Inpatient Treatment
Authors: Savage Troy
Published: October 2019

In this quantitative study, the author examined the relationship between duration of hospitalization and frequency of assaultive behavior in 42 older long-term patients with dementia in a Canadian psychiatric hospital. The study instrument used for data collection was existing incident reporting forms routinely completed in Canadian regional psychiatric hospitals. A secondary analysis was conducted using data previously collected on a regular basis by the psychiatric hospital serving as the study site. A significant negative correlation was found between the number of assaults committed and the number of months spent in the hospital, with significantly fewer assaults occurring in the second year of hospitalization compared with the first year. Male patients were observed to be significantly more assaultive than female patients. Findings suggest that the maximum benefit for patients hospitalized for assaultive behavior is obtained during the first 2 years of inpatient treatment and that patients within this population who are no longer assaultive may be more appropriately cared for in nursing homes. Based on these findings, resources should be allocated to assist with the transition of formerly assaultive patients with dementia from a psychiatric hospital to a nursing home. This scenario forecasts the development of a challenging new role for nurses.
Congenital Cataract: Management and Results
Authors: Jain I S , Pillai P , Gangwar D N , Gopal L , Dhir S P
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

The visual outcome in cases of congenital cataract, managed both surgically and conservatively, is outlined. Final vision was better in cases with partial cataract, about 40'/f of whom attained 6/24 or better vision. With total cataracts, none could achieve this level of vision, with the majority (84'-i I attaining only 6/60 or less acuity Visual results were also better in patients without nystagmus, 34f¿ of whom attained 6/24 or better vision, while in cases with nystagmus, only 15'^ could come up to this level. Cataracts necessitating early surgery had a worse prognosis than cataracts necessitating late surgery. Visual results were best in cases with bilateral cataracts, partial cataracts, absence of associated ocular anomalies, the absence of nystagmus and in patients requiring later surgery. The important causes of nonimprovement of vision were amblyopia and after-cataract. Retinal detachment, retinopathy, and degenerative myopia were some of the less frequent causes of poor vision, while mental retardation was another important factor. Full cooperation from the parents is absolutely essential in the proper visual rehabilitation of the handicapped child.
Measurement Model of Teaching Competency of Secondary School Teachers in Malaysia
Authors: Yusof Mat Rahimi , Yaakob Mohd Faiz Mohd , Ibrahim Mohd Yusri
Published: October 2019

Competent teachers are the most important capital in boosting the nation's education system in line with other developed countries in the world. This quantitative study aims to develop a model for measuring the teaching competency of a secondary school teacher in Malaysia. This measurement model has contained three functions namely (i) teaching and learning strategies, (ii) teacher and student communication, and (iii) teachers' professionalism value. The results of confirmatory factor analysis from the collected data through 352 respondents that were analyzed by SEM AMOS found that 17 of the 20 suggested behaviors are acceptable. This finding was verified the proposed function within the teaching competence variables. Finally, a successful teachers’ teaching competency measurement model has been developed and can be used to any responsible parties to encourage and in-crease competency among teachers.
A Comparison of Lexical Richness in L2 Written Productions
Authors: Ibrahim Engku Haliza Engku , Muhamad Ainon Jariah , Esa Zaleha
Published: October 2019

Indeed research has shown that vocabulary acquisition is one of the chal-lenges of a language learner; even more so for productive vocabulary. Thus this study intends to investigate the lexical richness of 2 groups of EFL learners. This was done through a content analysis of 139 essays of entry-level university students and 140 essays of third-year university students studying at an English medium university. Both these groups of students scored at least a band 6 or 550 in TOEFL. Specifically, the objective of this study is to find out if there are differences in the lexical richness of these two groups of essays in the type-token ratio. This study also intends to find out if there are differences between the two different groups of essays in the use of the 1,000, 2,000, word levels, the AWL as well as the use of the words not-in-the-list. The RANGE programme developed by Nation, Heat-ley & Coxhead (2002) was used to carry out the above procedure. Findings of the study showed that the two groups of essays show a statistically significant difference in the use of the 1,000, 2,000, word levels and the AWL by the two groups of learners. There was also a difference in the not-in-the-list category. This research has pedagogical implications for the teaching of vocabulary in the language classroom with a specific focus on the development of lexical richness in EFL learners’ written production.
Effect of Hot Extrusion on the Flow Behaviour of a Nickel-Based P/M Superalloy
Authors: Si Jia Yong , Liu Song Hao , Chen Long
Published: October 2019

This research investigated the effect of hot extrusion on the flow behaviour of nickel-based superalloy FGH4096 by hot compression experiments in the temperature range from 1020 to 1110 °C and strain rates ranging from 0.1 to 0.001 s-1. The influence of the hot extrusion on the initial microstructures, work hardening rate, strain rate sensitivity, and activation energy of deformation were discussed. The results show that the extruded microstructure is constituted by the fine dynamic recrystallisation of grains. The true strain-true stress curves show that the as-HIPed and as-HEXed FGH4096 superalloy present double flow stress peaks and discontinuous flow softening. The as-HEXed FGH4096 is easily dynamically softened at high temperatures and high strain rates compared with as-HIPed microstructures. As for the work hardening rate, the as-HEXed FGH4096 exhibits higher θ values than that of as-HIPed. It is beneficial to the homogenous deformation and grain refinement during subsequent turbine disk forging. Comparing to as-HIPed FGH4096, the highest strain rate sensitivity value of as-HEXed is 0.306 at 1110 °C. The isothermal superplastic forging of a P/M turbine disk may be carried out at this temperature. The deformation activation energy value of the as-HIPed FGH4096 is lower which means that dislocation sliding and climbing can be easily initiated in the as-HIPed alloy.
Manufacturing Process for Extracting Essential Oils from White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) by Hydrodistillation Technique
Authors: Tran Thien Hien , Ngo Thi To Quyen , Tran Thi Kim Ngan , Lam Tri Duc , Dao Tan Phat , Linh Huynh Thi Kieu , Ngoc Thuy Trang Le , Quan Phan Minh , Toan Tran Quoc
Published: October 2019

Vietnam is the world's leading country in growing and producing pepper trees. In this study, we attempted the optimization of white pepper essential oil extraction. The obtained oil was then subject to determination of constituent composition via GC-MS method. The essential oil performance achieved 3.6% by hydro-distillation process with optimal conditions (25 grams of fresh pepper, size 18, 120 minutes extraction, 130°C). A total of 23 volatile constituents were identified from the white pepper essential oil, with the major components being 27.4% of Limonene, 3-Carene 22,928%, Sabinene 17,622%, β-pinene 10.068%, α-Pinene 5.426%.
Cutting Edge: TCR Signal Strength Regulates Acetyl-CoA Metabolism via AKT
Authors: Hawse William F. , Cattley Richard T. , Wendell Stacy G.
Published: October 2019

TCR signaling activates kinases including AKT/mTOR that engage metabolic networks to support the energetic demands of a T cell during an immune response. It is realized that CD4+ T cell subsets have different metabolic requirements. Yet, how TCR signaling is coupled to the regulation of intermediate metabolites and how changes in metabolite flux contribute to T cell differentiation are less established. We find that TCR signaling regulates acetyl-CoA metabolism via AKT in murine CD4+ T cells. Weak TCR signals promote AKT-catalyzed phosphorylation and inhibition of citrate synthase, elevated acetyl-CoA levels, and hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins. Genetic knockdown of citrate synthase promotes increased nuclear acetyl-CoA levels, increased histone acetylation at the FOXP3 promotor and induction of FOXP3 transcription. These data identify a circuit between AKT signaling and acetyl-CoA metabolism regulated via TCR signal strength and that transient fluctuations in acetyl-CoA levels function in T cell fate decisions.
Optimisation of energy consumption of a solar-electric dryer during hot air drying of tomato slices
Authors: Nwakuba Nnaemeka R.
Published: October 2019

High-energy demand of convective crop dryers has prompted study on optimisation of dryer energy consumption for optimal and cost effective drying operation. This paper presents response surface optimisation of energy consumption of a solar-electric dryer during hot air drying of tomato slices. Drying experiments were conducted with 1 kg batch of tomato samples using a 33 central composite design of Design Expert 7.0 Statistical Package. Three levels of air velocity (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ms–1), slice thickness (10, 15 and 20 mm) and air temperature (50, 60 and 70°C) were used to investigate their effects on energy consumption. A quadratic model was obtained with a high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9825. The model was validated using the statistical analysis of the experimental parameters and normal probability plot of the energy consumption residuals. Results obtained indicate that the process parameters had significant quadratic effects (P<0.05) on the energy consumption. The energy consumption varied between 5.42 kWh and 99.78 kWh; whereas the specific energy consumption varied between 5.53 kWhkg–1 and 150.61 kWhkg–1. The desirability index method was applied in predicting the ideal energy consumption and drying conditions for tomato slices in a solar-electric dryer. At optimum drying conditions of 1.94 ms–1 air velocity, 10.36 mm slice thickness and 68.4°C drying air temperature, the corresponding energy consumption was 5.6 8kWh for maximum desirability index of 0.989. Thermal utilisation efficiency (TUE) of the sliced tomato samples ranged between 15 ≤TUE ≤58%. The maximum TUE value was obtained at 70°C air temperature, 1.0 ms–1 air velocity and 10 mm slice thickness treatment combination, whereas the minimum TUE was obtained at 50°C air temperature, 2.0 ms–1 air velocity and 20 mm slice thickness. Recommendation and prospect for further improvement of the dryer system were stated.
Flaming to control weeds in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) turfgrass
Authors: Martelloni Luisa , Fontanelli Marco , Caturegli Lisa , Gaetani Monica , Grossi Nicola , Magni Simone , Peruzzi Andrea , Pirchio Michel , Raffaelli Michele , Volterrani Marco , Frasconi Christian
Published: October 2019

Weed control is crucial to ensure that turfgrass is established effectively. Although herbicides are commonly used to control weeds in turfgrasses, environmental and public health concerns have led to limiting or banning the use of synthetic herbicides in urban areas. The species seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) is susceptible to such herbicides. Flame weeding could be an alternative to the use of synthetic herbicides for selective weed control in seashore paspalum. In this study, five different liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) doses of flaming (0, 61, 91, 157 and 237 kg ha–1) were tested in order to find the optimal dose, in terms of weed control and costs. The aim was to maintain a seashore paspalum (cultivar ‘Salam’) turf free of weeds during spring greenup, and at the same time avoid damaging the turfgrass. Using a self-propelled machine designed and built at the University of Pisa, flaming was applied three times when weeds started growing and the turfgrass started green-up. Our results highlight that an LPG dose of 157 kg ha–1 was the most economic dose that led to a significant reduction in initial weed cover and density, enabling the turfgrass to recover three weeks after the third application.
Pulmonary nocardiosis associated with Cushing's disease: a case report
Authors: Mylonas Charalampos C. , Gomatou Georgia , Asimakopoulou Athina , Masaoutis Christos , Kyriakopoulos George , Kopelia Maria , Syrigos Konstantinos , Poulakou Garyphallia
Published: October 2019

Nocardia spp. is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria which can cause cutaneous, pleuropulmonary, or disseminated disease. The latter two forms are encountered in immunocompromised patients, with prolonged usage of corticosteroids being a well-recognized risk factor. However, endogenous Cushing’s syndrome is less frequently associated with nocardiosis. We report on a 40-year-old woman who presented for further workup of abnormal findings in the chest computed tomography (three lung nodules, one of which being cavitary). She underwent trans-thoracic fine-needle lung aspiration of the cavitary nodule, which led to the diagnosis of lung nocardiosis. Moreover, the identification of cushingoid features from the history and clinical examination initiated further investigation with hormonal laboratory assessment and bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling which established the diagnosis of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) hypersecretion (Cushing’s disease).  We conclude that pulmonary nocardiosis can be an opportunistic infection as well as a presenting manifestation of Cushing's disease.
Integrity and derailment of senior leaders in the Southern African context
Authors: Koortzen Pieter , Oosthuizen Rudolf M.
Published: October 2019

Orientation: In recruiting and developing senior leaders for the organisation, great emphasis is placed on the personality of these individuals and on the resulting manifestations of their behaviour in the work context.Research purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between integrity and derailment to identify the dimensions of integrity that may reduce the risks of derailing in a group of senior leaders.Motivation for the study: As organisations become more complex, a higher quality of leadership is demanded. The quality of leadership is often determined by, among other things, the level of leaders’ integrity and the manner in which they are able to manage their own derailment at work. In this study, integrity is defined as the conflict and balance between our instincts (i.e. vices) and our ability to reason (i.e. our virtues), while leadership derailment is defined as the way in which leaders behave under stress or when they overuse a particular strength. Both constructs are of particular concern when they manifest in the organisation’s pool of high-potential leaders, who are the organisation’s future successors. However, most derailment cases are predictable and can be managed effectively with proper intervention.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional quantitative, correlational research design was followed. A non-probability purposive sample of 108 senior leaders in companies in Southern Africa participated in the study.Main findings: The results enabled the researchers to assess the relationship between integrity and derailment in order to identify the dimensions of integrity that are associated with a lowered risk of derailing in a group of senior leaders. It is apparent from the results that several of the integrity dimensions measured in the current study acted as significant predictors of derailment. The results indicate that the Giotto scales predict five of the Hogan scales to a degree that could be regarded as practically significant and are associated with medium to large effect sizes). These are Excitable, Cautious, Leisurely, Bold and Colourful. The prediction of Cautious can be described as practically important, while the prediction of the remainder of the Hogan scales was practically non-significant.Practical/managerial implications: From a practical point of view, the research findings allow leadership development practitioners, consultants and coaches to assist leaders in identifying the ways in which leaders will probably derail based on the results of the Giotto integrity test. Those involved in the development of leaders will also be able to develop the leaders’ level of integrity in order to reduce unnecessary derailment at work.Contribution/value-add: The study findings contribute valuable information on the relationship between integrity and derailment and the dimensions of integrity, which may reduce the risks of derailment of senior leaders.
Nutrition rehabilitation of children with severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Kulkarni Bharati , Mamidi Raja Sriswan
Published: October 2019

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children under five years is an important public health problem due to associated high mortality and long-term health consequences. Research on the dietary causes of SAM, especially the role and relative importance of dietary protein, in the aetiology of oedematous malnutrition, has led to considerable debates and controversies. The present article revisits some of the debates in this field, where the researchers at the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India, with their pioneering work, have contributed to the global literature on the various facets of the disease. Highlighting the importance of energy as a bigger problem than protein malnutrition is a noteworthy contribution of NIN's research. It is, however, important to examine the protein quality of the diets in light of the new information on the lysine requirements. The article argues that the currently dominating hypothesis of free radical theory requires a critical review of the supporting evidence. Over the past few decades, the research has focused on low-cost diets using locally available foods. The article also argues that solutions based on local foods, being acceptable and sustainable, need to be strengthened for their effective delivery through the existing nutrition programmes. Recent evidence shows that the use of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF) with high micronutrient density may be linked with higher mortality possibly due to the high iron content, which could be counterproductive. There are several unaddressed concerns regarding the potential long-term impact of consumption of RUTF in children with SAM. More evidence and a cautious approach are, therefore, needed before implementing these solutions.