bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DHA and EPA Alleviate Epileptic Depression in PTZ-Treated Young Mice Model by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation through Regulating Microglial M2 Polarization and Improving Mitochondrial Metabolism
Authors: Yang Yueqi , Chen Lu , Zhang Ning , Zhao Yingcai , Che Hongxia , Wang Yuming , Zhang Tiantian , Wen Min
Published: December 2023

Depression is the most common complication of childhood epilepsy, leading to a poor prognosis for seizure control and poor quality of life. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying epileptic depression have not been completely elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are major contributors to depression. The positive effects of dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on depression have been previously reported. However, knowledge regarding the effects of EPA and DHA in managing depressive symptoms in pediatric patients with epilepsy is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of EPA and DHA on epileptic depression in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-treated young mouse model. Three-week-old mice were fed a DHA- or EPA-enriched diet for 21 days and treated with PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for a total of 10 times. EPA was more effective than DHA at alleviating PTZ-induced depressive symptoms. Pathological results revealed that DHA and EPA significantly improved neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. Analysis of the mechanism revealed that DHA and EPA mitigated PTZ-induced myelin damage by increasing the protein levels of CNPase, Olig2, and MBP. Furthermore, both DHA and EPA reduced neuroinflammation by promoting microglial M2 polarization and suppressing the LCN2-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Notably, EPA polarized microglia towards the M2 phenotype. In addition, DHA and EPA decreased oxidative stress by inhibiting NOX2 and enhancing mitochondrial metabolism through the increased expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I-V proteins. These findings suggest that DHA and EPA can be used as effective interventions to improve depression in children with epilepsy, with EPA being a particularly favorable option.
3D Carbonate Digital Rock Reconstruction by Self-Attention Network and GAN Structure
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Jiahao , Liu Ye
Published: December 2023

Amidst the rapid advancements in digital technology, the pursuit of simulating geologic and mineralogic samples in a digital domain has garnered considerable attention, becoming a linchpin in modern earth science and petrological research. This manuscript intricately explores the deployment of state-of-the-art generative models for the meticulous reconstruction of digital rock core samples. Central to this investigation was the innovative incorporation of the self-attention mechanism—a pioneering endeavor in the domain of digital rock core studies. By harnessing the prowess of this sophisticated model, we endeavored to produce samples that echo the nuanced geological and mineralogical attributes emblematic of authentic rock specimens. Distinguishing our approach, the generative architecture, bolstered by the self-attention mechanism, demonstrated unparalleled proficiency in replicating quintessential rock features, ranging from porosity and granular texture to contiguous core sequences. Additionally, the idiosyncrasies of carbonate rocks were meticulously captured, highlighting phenomena like dissolution. Empirical evaluations, rooted in stringent statistical analyses, attested to the model’s capability to generate outputs that resonate closely with genuine samples. This exploration not only amplifies the potential applications of our proposed model in geoscientific endeavors but also signals a transformative stride in digital rock physics, emphasizing the harmonious amalgamation of innovative computational models with profound geological insights.
Sensorial Feedback Contribution to the Sense of Embodiment in Brain–Machine Interfaces: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tomás Diogo João , Pais-Vieira Miguel , Pais-Vieira Carla
Published: December 2023

The sense of embodiment (SoE) is an essential element of human perception that allows individuals to control and perceive the movements of their body parts. Brain–machine interface (BMI) technology can induce SoE in real time, and adding sensory feedback through various modalities has been shown to improve BMI control and elicit SoEe. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to study BMI performance in studies that integrated SoE variables and analyzed the contribution of single or multimodal sensory stimulation. Out of 493 results, only 20 studies analyzed the SoE of humans using BMIs. Analysis of these articles revealed that 40% of the studies relating BMIs with sensory stimulation and SoE primarily focused on manipulating visual stimuli, particularly in terms of coherence (i.e., synchronous vs. asynchronous stimuli) and realism (i.e., humanoid or robotic appearance). However, no study has analyzed the independent contributions of different sensory modalities to SoE and BMI performance. These results suggest that providing a detailed description of the outcomes resulting from independent and combined effects of different sensory modalities on the experience of SoE during BMI control may be relevant for the design of neurorehabilitation programs.
Temperature Condition Analysis for Freezing on Tunnel Lining Back Side According to Tunnel Length
Authors: Lee Sehee , Park Sungbum , Kim Jongwon , Cho Kook-Hwan , Son Myoungsoo
Published: December 2023

Railway mountain tunnels were constructed in cold regions of Korea recently, and freezing has been generated. Most mountainous railway tunnels are designed with waterproofing membranes since groundwater exists on the backside of the tunnels. The lower air temperature inside the tunnel is transferred to the back of the tunnel lining as the outside air temperature drops below zero in winter, causing the groundwater behind the waterproofing membrane to freeze. There have been cases of freezing-related damage, such as the obstruction of drainage flow and freezing groundwater leakage. Therefore, the freezing conditions inside the tunnel should be analyzed by each tunnel length after the air temperature variation in the tunnel is measured. In this study, the air temperature inside a railway tunnel located in a cold region was measured using thermometers. The inside air temperature over time was changed by the DTR (diurnal temperature range) every 24 h. The DTR inside the tunnel was also reduced far from the entrance. Heat transfer analysis was implemented considering the air temperature variation inside the tunnel. Assuming that the minimum air temperature freezing inside the tunnel lasts seven days, the higher the minimum air temperature the longer the tunnel length. The research results show that the freezing inside a tunnel can be estimated from the tunnel length and the minimum air temperature inside the tunnel.
Clinical and Instrumental Temporomandibular Joint Evaluation in Children and Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Medium-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Migliore Federica Maria , Breda Luciana , Di Maria Erica , Battestini Francesca , Di Carlo Beatrice , D’Attilio Michele
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to assess the potential effectiveness of clinical diagnostic examinations, such as muscle palpation, and instrumental examinations, such as electromyography, in the early detection of TMJ involvement in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), as early diagnosis of these disorders can reduce the risk of developing facial growth anomalies and dento-skeletal malocclusions. (2) Methods: Evaluations were conducted on a cohort of 15 people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and a comparison group of 15 healthy participants at the start of the trial (T0) and after 18 ± 6 months (T1). Data were obtained through clinical examination, involving muscle palpation of the anterior temporalis, masseters, and sternocleidomastoids, and by instrumental analysis using electromyography. The parametric student’s t-test was used to evaluate group comparisons for data that were normally distributed, whereas the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test was employed for parameters that did not follow a normal distribution. (3) Results: In the JIA group, higher levels of pain were recorded in the sternocleidomastoid muscles on both sides as compared to the control group (p < 0.05) at both T0 and T1. Electromyography revealed no statistically significant variances both in the JIA group and in the control group, except for the IMP index, characterized by a significant improvement over time for the JIA group. (4) Conclusions: According to the methodology employed in this study, all JIA patients had TMD symptoms, mainly muscle disorders. The existence of statistically significant parameters suggests the potential to regard muscle palpation and electromyography as predictive indicators of TMJ involvement in JIA subjects. Additional research is required to validate their reliability.
Risk Factors Contributing to Reinfection by SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gómez-Gonzales Walter , Chihuantito-Abal Luis A. , Gamarra-Bustillos Carlos , Morón-Valenzuela Julia , Zavaleta-Oliver Jenny , Gomez-Livias Maria , Vargas-Pancorbo Lidia , Auqui-Canchari María E. , Mejía-Zambrano Henry
Published: December 2023

This article aims to systematize the evidence regarding risk factors associated with COVID-19 reinfection. We conducted a systematic review of all the scientific publications available until August 2022. To ensure the inclusion of the most recent and relevant information, we searched the PubMed and Scopus databases. Thirty studies were reviewed, with a significant proportion being analytical observational case-control and cohort studies. Upon qualitative analysis of the available evidence, it appears that the probability of reinfection is higher for individuals who are not fully immunized when exposed to a new variant, females, those with pre-existing chronic diseases, individuals aged over 60, and those who have previously experienced severe symptoms of the disease or are immunocompromised. In conclusion, further analytical observational case-control studies are necessary to gain a better understanding of the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) reinfection.
Discovery Viewer (DV): Web-Based Medical AI Model Development Platform and Deployment Hub
Authors: Fauveau Valentin , Sun Sean , Liu Zelong , Mei Xueyan , Grant James , Sullivan Mikey , Greenspan Hayit , Feng Li , Fayad Zahi
Published: December 2023

The rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine in the last few years highlights the importance of developing bigger and better systems for data and model sharing. However, the presence of Protected Health Information (PHI) in medical data poses a challenge when it comes to sharing. One potential solution to mitigate the risk of PHI breaches is to exclusively share pre-trained models developed using private datasets. Despite the availability of these pre-trained networks, there remains a need for an adaptable environment to test and fine-tune specific models tailored for clinical tasks. This environment should be open for peer testing, feedback, and continuous model refinement, allowing dynamic model updates that are especially important in the medical field, where diseases and scanning techniques evolve rapidly. In this context, the Discovery Viewer (DV) platform was developed in-house at the Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute at Mount Sinai (BMEII) to facilitate the creation and distribution of cutting-edge medical AI models that remain accessible after their development. The all-in-one platform offers a unique environment for non-AI experts to learn, develop, and share their own deep learning (DL) concepts. This paper presents various use cases of the platform, with its primary goal being to demonstrate how DV holds the potential to empower individuals without expertise in AI to create high-performing DL models. We tasked three non-AI experts to develop different musculoskeletal AI projects that encompassed segmentation, regression, and classification tasks. In each project, 80% of the samples were provided with a subset of these samples annotated to aid the volunteers in understanding the expected annotation task. Subsequently, they were responsible for annotating the remaining samples and training their models through the platform’s “Training Module”. The resulting models were then tested on the separate 20% hold-off dataset to assess their performance. The classification model achieved an accuracy of 0.94, a sensitivity of 0.92, and a specificity of 1. The regression model yielded a mean absolute error of 14.27 pixels. And the segmentation model attained a Dice Score of 0.93, with a sensitivity of 0.9 and a specificity of 0.99. This initiative seeks to broaden the community of medical AI model developers and democratize the access of this technology to all stakeholders. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the transition of medical AI models from research to clinical settings.
Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Tolerance Enhancement through Inoculation with Bacillus proteolyticus OSUB18
Authors: Yang Piao , Liu Wenshan , Yuan Pu , Zhao Zhenzhen , Zhang Chunquan , Opiyo Stephen Obol , Adhikari Ashna , Zhao Lijing , Harsh Garrett , Xia Ye
Published: December 2023

The isolation of B. proteolyticus OSUB18 from switchgrass unveiled its significant potential in both the enhancement of plant growth and the suppression of plant diseases in our previous study. The elucidation of the related mechanisms governing this intricate plant–microbe interaction involved the utilization of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In our comprehensive study on Arabidopsis, OSUB18 treatment was found to significantly alter root architecture and enhance plant growth under various abiotic stresses. An RNA-seq analysis revealed that OSUB18 modified gene expression, notably upregulating the genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis and plant defense, while downregulating those related to flavonoid biosynthesis and wound response. Importantly, OSUB18 also induces systemic resistance in Arabidopsis against a spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens and exhibits antagonistic effects on phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes, highlighting its potential as a beneficial agent in plant stress management and pathogen resistance. Overall, our findings substantiate that OSUB18 exerts a stimulatory influence on plant growth and health, potentially attributed to the remodeling of root architecture, defense signaling, and the comprehensive mitigation of various biotic and abiotic stresses.
Synbiotic Agents and Their Active Components for Sustainable Aquaculture: Concepts, Action Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Srirengaraj Vijayaram , Razafindralambo Hary L. , Rabetafika Holy N. , Nguyen Huu-Thanh , Sun Yun-Zhang
Published: December 2023

Aquaculture is a fast-emerging food-producing sector in which fishery production plays an imperative socio-economic role, providing ample resources and tremendous potential worldwide. However, aquatic animals are exposed to the deterioration of the ecological environment and infection outbreaks, which represent significant issues nowadays. One of the reasons for these threats is the excessive use of antibiotics and synthetic drugs that have harmful impacts on the aquatic atmosphere. It is not surprising that functional and nature-based feed ingredients such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics have been developed as natural alternatives to sustain a healthy microbial environment in aquaculture. These functional feed additives possess several beneficial characteristics, including gut microbiota modulation, immune response reinforcement, resistance to pathogenic organisms, improved growth performance, and enhanced feed utilization in aquatic animals. Nevertheless, their mechanisms in modulating the immune system and gut microbiota in aquatic animals are largely unclear. This review discusses basic and current research advancements to fill research gaps and promote effective and healthy aquaculture production.
Effects of 1,25-Vitamin D3 and 24,25-Vitamin D3 on Corneal Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Lu Xiaowen , Chen Zhong , Lu Jerry , Watsky Mitchell A.
Published: December 2023

Corneal nerve homeostasis is essential for the functional integrity of the ocular surface. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and vitamin D receptor knockout (VDR KO) have been found to reduce corneal nerve density in diabetic mice. This is the first study to comprehensively examine the influence of vitamin D on nerve regeneration following corneal epithelial injury in diabetic mice. Corneal nerve regeneration was significantly retarded by diabetes, VDR KO, and VDD, and it was accelerated following topical 1,25 Vit D and 24,25 Vit D administration. Furthermore, topical 1,25 Vit D and 24,25 Vit D increased nerve growth factor, glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor, and neurotropin-3 protein expression, and it increased secretion of GDNF protein from human corneal epithelial cells. CD45+ cells and macrophage numbers were significantly decreased, and vitamin D increased CD45+ cell and macrophage recruitment in these wounded diabetic mouse corneas. The accelerated nerve regeneration observed in these corneas following topical 1,25 Vit D and 24,25 Vit D administration may be related to the vitamin D-stimulated expression, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and recruitment of immune cells.
Comparative Analysis of Diagnostic Performance of Automatic Breast Ultrasound, Full-Field Digital Mammography and Contrast-Enhanced Mammography in Relation to Breast Composition
Authors: Pawlak Marta Ewa , Rudnicki Wojciech , Borkowska Anna , Skubisz Karolina , Rydzyk Rafał , Łuczyńska Elżbieta
Published: December 2023

This single center study includes a comparative analysis of the diagnostic performance of full-field digital mammography (FFDM), contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and automatic breast ultrasound (ABUS) in the group of patients with breast American College of Radiology (ACR) categories C and D as well as A and B with FFDM. The study involved 297 patients who underwent ABUS and FFDM. Breast types C and D were determined in 40% of patients with FFDM and low- energy CEM. CEM was performed on 76 patients. Focal lesions were found in 131 patients, of which 115 were histopathologically verified. The number of lesions detected in patients with multiple lesions were 40 from 48 with ABUS, 13 with FFDM and 21 with CEM. Compliance in determining the number of foci was 82% for FFDM and 91% for both CEM and ABUS. In breast types C and D, 72% of all lesions were found with ABUS, 56% with CEM and 29% with FFDM (p = 0.008, p = 0.000); all invasive cancers were diagnosed with ABUS, 83% with CEM and 59% with FFDM (p = 0.000, p = 0.023); 100% DCIS were diagnosed with ABUS, 93% with CEM and 59% with FFDM. The size of lesions from histopathology in breast ACR categories A and B was 14–26 mm, while in breast categories C and D was 11–37 mm. In breast categories C and D, sensitivity of ABUS, FFDM and CEM was, respectively, 78.05, 85.37, 92.68; specificity: 40, 13.33, 8.33; PPV (positive predictive value): 78.05, 72.92, 77.55; NPV (negative predictive value): 40, 25, 25, accuracy: 67.86, 66.07, 73.58. In breast categories A and B, sensitivity of ABUS, FFDM and CEM was, respectively, 81.25, 93.75, 93.48; specificity: 18.18, 18.18, 16.67; PPV: 81.25, 83.33, 89.58; NPV: 18.18, 40, 25; accuracy: 69.49, 79.66, 84.62. The sensitivity of the combination of FFDM and ABUS was 100 for all types of breast categories; the accuracy was 75 in breast types C and D and 81.36 in breast types A and B. The study confirms the predominance of C and D breast anatomy types and the low diagnostic performance of FFDM within that group and indicates ABUS and CEM as potential additive methods in breast cancer diagnostics.
Numerical Investigation of Odor-Guided Navigation in Flying Insects: Impact of Turbulence, Wingbeat-Induced Flow, and Schmidt Number on Odor Plume Structures
Authors: Lei Menglong , Willis Mark A. , Schmidt Bryan E. , Li Chengyu
Published: December 2023

Odor-guided navigation is fundamental to the survival and reproductive success of many flying insects. Despite its biological importance, the mechanics of how insects sense and interpret odor plumes in the presence of complex flow fields remain poorly understood. This study employs numerical simulations to investigate the influence of turbulence, wingbeat-induced flow, and Schmidt number on the structure and perception of odor plumes by flying insects. Using an in-house computational fluid dynamics solver based on the immersed-boundary method, we solve the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations to model the flow field. The solver is coupled with the equations of motion for passive flapping wings to emulate wingbeat-induced flow. The odor landscape is then determined by solving the odor advection–diffusion equation. By employing a synthetic isotropic turbulence generator, we introduce turbulence into the flow field to examine its impact on odor plume structures. Our findings reveal that both turbulence and wingbeat-induced flow substantially affect odor plume characteristics. Turbulence introduces fluctuations and perturbations in the plume, while wingbeat-induced flow draws the odorant closer to the insect’s antennae. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Schmidt number, which affects odorant diffusivity, plays a significant role in odor detectability. Specifically, at high Schmidt numbers, larger fluctuations in odor sensitivity are observed, which may be exploited by insects to differentiate between various odorant volatiles emanating from the same source. This study provides new insights into the complex interplay between fluid dynamics and sensory biology and behavior, enhancing our understanding of how flying insects successfully navigate using olfactory cues in turbulent environments.
Field Study on Impact of Mechanical Pressurization on Pressure Distribution in High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Ji Kyung-Hwan , Choi Su-Ji , Jo Jae-Hun
Published: December 2023

In high-rise buildings, the excessive pressure differences cause various problems, and architectural and mechanical measures are always applied. In this study, pressure measurements on a 67-story high-rise building were conducted to evaluate the effect of mechanical pressurization on the pressure distribution. Absolute pressure measurement devices were installed at 28 points on 10 floors, a full-scale pressure profile of the test building was derived, and the pressure distributions on the main floors were reviewed. Four pressurization modes for the test building were considered, and the variation in the pressure distribution for each mode was analyzed. The results showed that mechanical pressurization reduced the pressure difference on the lobby floor by approximately 18%. Although it did not exert an apparent impact on the pressure difference due to the stack effect, pressurizing the entire floor serves as the most effective way of reducing the excessive pressure difference.
Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrole Disulfides Catalyzed by Lipase in Ethanol
Authors: Wen Feiyang , Xu Yuelin , Li Fengxi , Ma Jinglin , Wang Zhi , Zhang Hong , Wang Lei
Published: December 2023

Disulfides, as fundamental scaffolds, are widely present in peptides, natural products, and pharmaceutical molecules. However, traditional synthesis of disulfides often involves the utilization of toxic reagents or environmentally unfriendly reaction conditions. In this work, a green and efficient method was developed for synthesizing pyrrole disulfides using β-ketothioamides and ethyl cyanoacetate as substrates, with lipase serving as a catalyst. Under the optimal conditions (β-Ketothioamides (1 mmol), ethyl cyanoacetate (1 mmol), PPL (200 U), and EtOH (5 mL)), lipase leads to the formation of pyrrole disulfides in yields of up to 88% at 40 °C. The related mechanism is also speculated in this paper. This approach not only presents a new application of lipase in enzyme catalytic promiscuity, but also offers a significant advancement in the synthetic pathway for pyrrole disulfides and aligns with the current mainstream research direction of green chemistry, contributing to the further development of environmentally friendly biocatalytic processes.
Analysis of Periprocedural X-ray Exposure in Transarterial Radioembolization with Glass or Resin Microspheres
Authors: Ehrengut Constantin , Vogt Johanna , Leonhardi Jakob , Carabenciov Emma , Teske Felix , Boemmel Florian van , Berg Thomas , Seehofer Daniel , Lincke Thomas , Sabri Osama , Gößmann Holger , Denecke Timm , Ebel Sebastian
Published: December 2023

Background: Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) is an effective treatment option for both primary and secondary liver malignancies. However, challenging anatomical conditions can lead to prolonged fluoroscopy times (FT), elevated doses of periprocedural X-radiation (DAP), and increased use of contrast agents (CAs). In this study, we examined the influence of our radiologists’ experience and the choice of microspheres on X-ray exposure and CA doses in TARE. Material and Methods: Datasets comprising 161 TARE and 164 preprocedural evaluation angiographies (TARE-EVA) were analyzed. Our study focused on assessing DAP, FT, and CA concerning both microsphere types, the radiologist’s experience, and whether the same radiologist performed both the TARE-EVA and the actual TARE. Results: In TARE, the use of resin microspheres resulted in significantly higher FT and CA compared to glass microspheres (14.3 ± 1.6 min vs. 10.6 ± 1.1 min and 43 ± 2.2 mL vs. 33.6 ± 2.1 mL, p < 0.05), with no notable differences in DAP (p = 0.13). Experienced radiologists demonstrated reduced FT/DAP, with a 19% decrease in DAP and 53% in FT during the evaluation angiography (p < 0.05) and a 49% reduction in DAP during the actual TARE (p < 0.05), with no statistical differences in FT. Performing TARE and TARE-EVA under the same radiologist led to a 43% reduction in DAP and a 25% decrease in FT (p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: To mitigate X-radiation exposure, it is advisable for radiologists to undergo thorough training, and, ideally, the same radiologist should conduct both the TARE and the TARE-EVA. While the use of glass spheres may decrease intraarterial CA, it does not significantly impact periprocedural X-ray exposure.
Diagnostic Accuracy of PET with 18F-Fluciclovine ([18F]FACBC) in Detecting High-Grade Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Castello Angelo , Albano Domenico , Muoio Barbara , Castellani Massimo , Panareo Stefano , Rizzo Alessio , Treglia Giorgio , Urso Luca
Published: December 2023

Background: 18F-Fluciclovine ([18F]FACBC) has been recently proposed as a synthetic radiolabeled amino acid for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with brain neoplasms. Our aim is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of [18F]FACBC PET in high-grade glioma (HGG) patients, taking into account the literature data. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed. We included original articles evaluating [18F]FACBC PET in the detection of HGG before therapy and for the suspicion of tumor recurrence. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR), including 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were measured. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. Results: ten studies were included in the review and eight in the meta-analysis (113 patients). Regarding the identification of HGG, the sensitivity of [18F]FACBC PET ranged between 85.7% and 100%, with a pooled estimate of 92.9% (95% CI: 84.4–96.9%), while the specificity ranged from 50% to 100%, with a pooled estimate of 70.7% (95% CI: 47.5–86.5%). The pooled LR+, LR−, and DOR of [18F]FACBC PET were 2.5, 0.14, and 37, respectively. No significant statistical heterogeneity or publication bias were found. Conclusions: evidence-based data demonstrate the good diagnostic accuracy of [18F]FACBC PET for HGG detection. Due to the still limited data, further studies are warranted to confirm the promising role of [18F]FACBC PET in this context.
Edge-Driven Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Novel Approach to Ultrasound Breast Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Karunanayake Nalan , Moodleah Samart , Makhanov Stanislav S.
Published: December 2023

A segmentation model of the ultrasound (US) images of breast tumors based on virtual agents trained using reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed. The agents, living in the edge map, are able to avoid false boundaries, connect broken parts, and finally, accurately delineate the contour of the tumor. The agents move similarly to robots navigating in the unknown environment with the goal of maximizing the rewards. The individual agent does not know the goal of the entire population. However, since the robots communicate, the model is able to understand the global information and fit the irregular boundaries of complicated objects. Combining the RL with a neural network makes it possible to automatically learn and select the local features. In particular, the agents handle the edge leaks and artifacts typical for the US images. The proposed model outperforms 13 state-of-the-art algorithms, including selected deep learning models and their modifications.
Deep Learning and Gastric Cancer: Systematic Review of AI-Assisted Endoscopy
Authors: Klang Eyal , Soroush Ali , Nadkarni Girish , Sharif Kassem , Lahat Adi
Published: December 2023

Background: Gastric cancer (GC), a significant health burden worldwide, is typically diagnosed in the advanced stages due to its non-specific symptoms and complex morphological features. Deep learning (DL) has shown potential for improving and standardizing early GC detection. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current status of DL in pre-malignant, early-stage, and gastric neoplasia analysis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE for original studies implementing DL algorithms for gastric neoplasia detection using endoscopic images. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The focus was on studies providing quantitative diagnostic performance measures and those comparing AI performance with human endoscopists. Results: Our review encompasses 42 studies that utilize a variety of DL techniques. The findings demonstrate the utility of DL in GC classification, detection, tumor invasion depth assessment, cancer margin delineation, lesion segmentation, and detection of early-stage and pre-malignant lesions. Notably, DL models frequently matched or outperformed human endoscopists in diagnostic accuracy. However, heterogeneity in DL algorithms, imaging techniques, and study designs precluded a definitive conclusion about the best algorithmic approach. Conclusions: The promise of artificial intelligence in improving and standardizing gastric neoplasia detection, diagnosis, and segmentation is significant. This review is limited by predominantly single-center studies and undisclosed datasets used in AI training, impacting generalizability and demographic representation. Further, retrospective algorithm training may not reflect actual clinical performance, and a lack of model details hinders replication efforts. More research is needed to substantiate these findings, including larger-scale multi-center studies, prospective clinical trials, and comprehensive technical reporting of DL algorithms and datasets, particularly regarding the heterogeneity in DL algorithms and study designs.
Teachers’ Perspectives on Students’ Cultural Diversity: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Semião Daniela , Mogarro Maria João , Pinto Filipe Brás , Martins Maria José D. , Santos Nelson , Sousa Otilia , Marchão Amélia , Freire Isabel Pimenta , Lord Lucio , Tinoca Luís
Published: December 2023

Cultural diversity in schools takes on various forms, including social class, ethnicity, religion and nationality, among other factors that constitute students’ identity, influencing their learning. Therefore, one of the biggest challenges that educational systems face internationally is the effective inclusion of all children and young people in schools. For this process to be successful, the roles played by teachers are essential. Thus, our main objective with this systematic literature review is to expand knowledge and awareness of cultural diversity issues to promote the inclusion of learners from primary to secondary education in Europe. To achieve this, we will highlight teachers’ perceptions of students’ cultural diversity and identify a range of strategies and practices that can contribute to the development of their professional learning. The search was conducted in two databases, Scopus and the Web of Science, and focused on articles published between 2010 and 2022. Of the 3976 identified articles, 41 were included in this study. The findings suggest that teachers consider diversity to be a challenge despite the existence of a favorable view toward students’ cultural diversity. A set of solutions is given for the development of inclusion processes.
The Design and Development of a UAV’s Micro-Turbogenerator System and the Associated Control Testing Bench
Authors: Frigioescu Tiberius-Florian , Badea Gabriel Petre , Dombrovschi Mădălin , Condruz Mihaela Raluca , Crunțeanu Daniel-Eugeniu , Cican Grigore
Published: December 2023

A study on the possibility of integrating a micro-turbogenerator system into a multi-rotor UAV platform was performed along with a performance evaluation of the result. This paper presents the design and development of a micro-turbogenerator system constructed from commercially available components and the associated test bench that was needed to validate the system. The goal of the micro-turbogenerator system was to replace the electrical power source (the batteries) of an experimental UAV. Substituting the electrical power source with a hybrid propulsion system has the potential to enhance the UAV’s endurance and functionality, rendering it more versatile and efficient. The hybrid propulsion system involves the use of a commercially available micro-gas turbine that propels an electric generator, supplying the required electrical power for the UAV’s electric propulsion system. Integrating this micro-turbogenerator system ensures a substantial increase in UAV endurance. The test bench was used to assess the performance of the micro-turbogenerator system and formulate a control law necessary for maintaining a balance between the power generated by the system and the power consumed by the UAV. The developed test bench yielded crucial data, including electric power, generated voltage, generator speed, and power consumption (simulating the UAV in this case). During the testing campaign, the variation in the main physical quantities involved in the command and control of the hybrid propulsion system was registered and analyzed. A total power of 700 W was obtained during the tests, which is the maximum that can be registered for maintaining a power of 25 V.
Distribution and Elimination of Deltamethrin Toxicity in Laying Hens
Authors: Liu Yiming , Liu Chunshuang , Han Mingyue , Yu Na , Pan Wen , Wang Jie , Fan Zhiying , Wang Wei , Li Xiubo , Gu Xu
Published: December 2023

Deltamethrin, an important pyrethroid insecticide, is frequently detected in human samples. This study aims to assess the potential effects of deltamethrin on human health and investigate the patterns of residue enrichment and elimination in 112 healthy laying hens. These hens were administered 20 mg·kg−1 deltamethrin based on their body weight. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to investigate the residue enrichment pattern and elimination pattern of deltamethrin in the hens. The results indicated a significant increase in the concentration of deltamethrin in chicken manure during the treatment period. By the 14th day of administration, the concentration of deltamethrin in the stool reached 13,510.9 ± 172.24 μg·kg−1, with a fecal excretion rate of 67.56%. The pulmonary deltamethrin concentration was the second highest at 3844.98 ± 297.14 μg·kg−1. These findings suggest that chicken feces contain substantial amounts of deltamethrin after 14 days of continuous administration, and that it can easily transfer to the lungs. After 21 days of drug withdrawal, the residual concentration of deltamethrin in the fat of laying hens was 904.25 ± 295.32 μg·kg−1, with a half-life of 17 days and a slow elimination rate. In contrast, the lungs showed relatively low elimination half-lives of 0.2083 days, indicating faster elimination of deltamethrin in this tissue. These results highlight differences in the rate of deltamethrin elimination in different tissues during drug withdrawal. The fat of laying hens exhibited the highest residue of deltamethrin and the slowest elimination rate, while the lungs showed the fastest elimination rate. Moreover, deltamethrin was found to accumulate in the edible tissues of eggs and laying hens, suggesting that humans may be exposed to deltamethrin through food.
Degradation of Pesticide Residues in Water, Soil, and Food Products via Cold Plasma Technology
Authors: Sojithamporn Phanumas , Leksakul Komgrit , Sawangrat Choncharoen , Charoenchai Nivit , Boonyawan Dheerawan
Published: December 2023

Water, soil, and food products contain pesticide residues. These residues result from excessive pesticides use, motivated by the fact that agricultural productivity can be increased by the use of these pesticides. The accumulation of these residues in the body can cause health problems, leading to food safety concerns. Cold plasma technology has been successfully employed in various applications, such as seed germination, bacterial inactivation, wound disinfection, surface sterilization, and pesticide degradation. In recent years, researchers have increasingly explored the effectiveness of cold plasma technology in the degradation of pesticide residues. Most studies have shown promising outcomes, encouraging further research and scaling-up for commercialization. This review summarizes the use of cold plasma as an emerging technology for pesticide degradation in terms of the plasma system and configuration. It also outlines the key findings in this area. The most frequently adopted plasma systems for each application are identified, and the mechanisms underlying pesticide degradation using cold plasma technology are discussed. The possible factors influencing pesticide degradation efficiency, challenges in research, and future trends are also discussed. This review demonstrates that despite the nascent nature of the technology, the use of cold plasma shows considerable potential in regards to pesticide residue degradation, particularly in food applications.
Enhancing Nutritional Profile of Pasta: The Impact of Sprouted Pseudocereals and Cushuro on Digestibility and Health Potential
Authors: Paucar-Menacho Luz María , Vásquez Guzmán Juan Carlos , Simpalo-Lopez Wilson Daniel , Castillo-Martínez Williams Esteward , Martínez-Villaluenga Cristina
Published: December 2023

We hypothesized that optimizing the formulation of pasta by incorporating sprouted pseudocereal flours, specifically quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) or kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus L.) and cushuro (Nostoc sphaericum Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault) flours, could offer the potential to simultaneously enhance nutritional quality and health-promoting properties in pasta. In this study, our objective was to optimize the formulation of composite flour (a ternary blend of wheat, sprouted pseudocereal, and cushuro flours) using a mixture composite design to maximize total soluble phenolic compounds (TSPC), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), antioxidant activity, and mineral bioaccesilability by reducing phytic acid (PA) content. Two optimal formulations were identified: one consisting of 79% wheat flour (WF), 13% SQF, and 8% CuF (oPQC), and the other composed of 70% WF, 15% SKF, and 15% CuF (oPKC). These optimized pastas exhibited reduced starch content and notably higher levels of total dietary fiber (1.5–3.61-fold), protein (1.16-fold), fat (1.3–1.5-fold), ash (2.2–2.7-fold), minerals (K, Na, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, and Ca), PA (3–4.5-fold), TSPC (1.3–1.9-fold), GABA (1.2–2.6-fold), and ORAC (6.5–8.7-fold) compared to control pasta (100% WF). Notably, the glycemic index of oPQC (59.8) was lower than that of oPKC (54.7) and control pasta (63.1). The nutritional profile of the optimized pasta was largely retained after cooking, although some significant losses were observed for soluble dietary fiber (18.2–44.0%), K (47.5–50.7%), Na (42.5–63.6), GABA (41.68–51.4%), TSPC (8–18%), and antioxidant activity (45.4–46.4%). In vitro digestion of cooked oPQC and oPKC demonstrated higher bioaccessible content of GABA (6.7–16.26 mg/100 g), TSPC (257.7–261.8 mg GAE/100 g), Ca (58.40–93.5 mg/100 g), and Fe (7.35–7.52 mg/100 g), as well as antioxidant activity (164.9–171.1 µmol TE/g) in intestinal digestates compared to control pasta. These findings suggest that the incorporation of sprouted pseudocereals and cushuro flour offers a promising approach to enhance the nutritional quality and bioactive content of wheat-based pasta, potentially providing health benefits beyond traditional formulations.
Correlation between Higher Aging Males’ Symptoms Scores and a Higher Risk of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Ninomiya Sahoko , Takeshima Teppei , Saito Tomoki , Ito Hiroki , Komeya Mitsuru , Hasumi Hisashi , Yumura Yasushi , Makiyama Kazuhide , Uemura Hiroji
Published: December 2023

Background: Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is a condition caused by the decline of testosterone levels with aging and is associated with various symptoms, including lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs). Although some reports have shown that testosterone replacement treatment for LOH improves LUTSs, no large study has revealed a correlation between LUTSs and LOH. This study investigated the correlation between the severity of LOH and LUTSs in Japanese males >40 years of age using a web-based questionnaire with the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale. Methods: We asked 2000 Japanese males to answer both the AMS and IPSS/QOL questionnaires using a web-based survey. Among these 2000 individuals, 500 individuals were assigned to each age group. Results: The IPSS total score was positively correlated with the severity of AMS (shown as median [mean ± SD]): no/little group, 2 (3.67 ± 5.36); mild group, 6 (7.98 ± 6.91); moderate group, 11 (12.49 ± 8.63); and severe group, 16 (14.83 ± 9.24) (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Individuals with higher AMS values, representing cases with severe LOH symptoms, had a higher risk of experiencing nocturia and LUTSs than those with lower AMS values.
Traumatic Aortic Dissection as a Unique Clinical Entity: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Gang Qingwei , Lun Yu , Pang Liwei , Li Xinyang , Hou Bingchen , Xin Shijie , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2023

Background: This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics, treatment approaches, and outcomes of the Stanford Type B traumatic aortic dissection (TAD) with non-traumatic aortic dissection (NTAD), and assess better management for TAD. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair for Stanford type B aortic dissection at The First Hospital of China Medical University between 2014 and 2022. The patients were divided into TAD and NTAD groups based on whether they had a history of acute trauma. This study ultimately included 65 patients with TAD and 288 with NTAD. We assessed and compared the baseline characteristics, laboratory indicators, imaging features, surgical procedures, and follow-up results between the groups. Results: The TAD group was younger compared to the NTAD group (50.00 [IQR40.00–59.00] vs. 55.00 [IQR 47.00–61.00] years, p = 0.020). A lower percentage of the TAD group had a history of hypertension (20% vs. 71.18%, p < 0.001). The length of aortic dissection was shorter in the TAD group compared to the NTAD group (30.00 [IQR 22.00–40.00] vs. 344.00 [IQR 237.25–400.00] mm, p < 0.001). All patients with TAD underwent TEVAR following the same strategy as NTAD. The mean preoperative duration was 7.00 (IQR 2.00–14.00) days in the TAD group and 11.00 (IQR 8.00–15.00) days in the NTAD group (p < 0.001). TAD showed fewer complications after TEVAR in mid-to-long-term follow-up. Conclusions: TAD is distinct from NTAD. TAD typically presents with more localized lesions than NTAD, and the patients experience a shorter preoperative duration and a better mid-to-long-term outcome.
Peritoneal Metastases: Evolution from a Dark Horizon to an Encouraging Present and a Promising Future
Authors: Diez-Alonso Manuel , San-Juan Alberto , Ortega Miguel Angel , Gutiérrez-Calvo Alberto
Published: December 2023

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the primary pattern of metastasis for primary tumours of the appendix, ovary, and peritoneal mesothelioma [...]
Brain Age Prediction Using 2D Projections Based on Higher-Order Statistical Moments and Eigenslices from 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumes
Authors: Jönemo Johan , Eklund Anders
Published: December 2023

Brain age prediction from 3D MRI volumes using deep learning has recently become a popular research topic, as brain age has been shown to be an important biomarker. Training deep networks can be very computationally demanding for large datasets like the U.K. Biobank (currently 29,035 subjects). In our previous work, it was demonstrated that using a few 2D projections (mean and standard deviation along three axes) instead of each full 3D volume leads to much faster training at the cost of a reduction in prediction accuracy. Here, we investigated if another set of 2D projections, based on higher-order statistical central moments and eigenslices, leads to a higher accuracy. Our results show that higher-order moments do not lead to a higher accuracy, but that eigenslices provide a small improvement. We also show that an ensemble of such models provides further improvement.
The Developmental Progression of Early Algebraic Thinking of Elementary School Students
Authors: Sun Siyu , Sun Dandan , Xu Tianshu
Published: December 2023

Developing algebraic thinking in elementary school has gained consensus among mathematics educators. The objective of this study is to understand the developmental trajectory of early algebraic thinking in elementary school students so as to assist teachers and curriculum developers in implementing instruction that aligns with students’ cognitive development. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey approach, involving 526 students from grades three to five in Shanghai, who were tested using a 12-item assessment that measured three aspects: “generalized arithmetic”, “functional thinking”, and “quantitative reasoning”. Latent class analysis was used to analyze students’ response strategies, and, in conjunction with individual interviews, this study identified potential developmental pathways in students’ early algebraic thinking, progressing from “arithmetic thinking” to “concrete algebraic thinking”, “generalized algebraic thinking”, and finally to “symbolic algebraic thinking”. As thinking levels advanced, significant differences in students’ response strategies emerged, with notable improvements in “generalization abilities” and “symbolization abilities”. This study suggests that educational practices should encompass content in elementary arithmetic curricula that fosters generalization abilities. Additionally, providing students with opportunities for diverse representations can effectively stimulate the development of early algebraic thinking.