bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraocular pressure fluctuation during resistance exercise
Authors: Vaghefi Ehsan , Shon Catherine , Reading Stacey , Sutherland Taylor , Borges Victor , Phillips Geraint , Niederer Rachael L , Danesh-Meyer Helen
Published: May 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effect of weightlifting (leg press) on intraocular pressure (IOP).

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Subjects

A total of 24 participants met the inclusion criteria and completed the study procedures. Participants had an average age of 22.7±2.7 years and included nine women. The mean baseline IOP was 13.9 mm Hg (SD=2.4) with an average body mass index of 24.5 (SD= 3.1).

Methods

The maximum load for a single lift was found for each participant. Participants then performed three leg press regimens: one repetition using 95% of maximal load (1RM), six repetitions using 75% of maximal load (6RM) and isometric push against a weight much heavier than maximal load (ISO).

Main outcome measure

IOP was measured pre-exercise, during and immediately following the exercise using an iCare TA01i rebound tonometer. Blood pressure and HR were being monitored continuously during the lift. Optical coherence tomography images were obtained pre and postexercise session.

Results

The average maximum weight lifted by our participants was 331.9 Kg (SD=97.3). Transient increased IOP was observed across the 1RM, 6RM and ISO exercises with an average increase in 26.4 mm Hg (23.7 mm Hg to 28.7 mm Hg) to reach an average max IOP of 40.7 mm Hg (27.8 mm Hg to 54.2 mm Hg), with an absolute maximum of 70 mm Hg in one participant.

Conclusions

There is a transient and dramatic fluctuation in IOP with resistance training. This coupled with regular exposure to resistance training is potentially a significant risk factor for glaucoma. It should be noted that this study has been carried out in a healthy young population, and, thus, the external validity of these results in glaucoma participants requires further investigation.
Epicardial adipose tissue in obesity-related cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Ayton Sarah L , Gulsin Gaurav S , McCann Gerry P , Moss Alastair J
Published: May 2021

Obesity is associated with the development of heart failure and is a major risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a unique visceral fat in close proximity to the heart and is of particular interest to the study of cardiac disease. Small poorly differentiated adipocytes with altered lipid:water content are associated with a proinflammatory secretome and may contribute to the pathophysiology observed in HFpEF. Multimodality imaging approaches can be used to quantify EAT volume and characterise EAT composition. Current research studies remain unclear as to the magnitude of effect that EAT plays on myocardial dysfunction and further work using multimodality imaging techniques is ongoing. Pharmacological interventions, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-dependent glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitors have shown promise in attenuating the deleterious metabolic and inflammatory changes seen in EAT. Clinical studies are ongoing to explore whether these therapies exert their beneficial effects by modifying this unique adipose deposit.
Effects of resistance training at different intensities of load on cross-education of muscle strength
Authors: Pelet Danyelle C.S. , Orsatti Fábio L.
Published: May 2021

The objectives of this study were to 1) compare the extent of cross-transfer of muscle strength of high- versus low-load unilateral resistance training performed with external pacing of the movement (URTEP) and 2) compare the time course of the 2 approaches. Fifty subjects were randomized to 1 of the following 3 groups: G80 [2 sets at 80% and 2 sets at 40% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 1 concentric second and 3 eccentric seconds controlled by a metronome]; G40 (4 sets at 40% of 1RM, 1 s and 3 s controlled by a metronome); or control group. At week 1, the G80 increased the elbow flexion 1RM (P < 0.05) in contralateral arm. At week 4, both G80 and G40 increased the elbow flexion 1RM (P < 0.05) in contralateral arm. However, a greater 1RM gain was observed in the G80 than in the G40 (P < 0.05). Thus, although higher-load URTEP seems to enhance the cross-education effect when compared with lower-load URTEP, the cross-education of dynamic strength can be achieved in the 2 approaches after 4 weeks. Many patients would benefit from cross-education of muscle strength through URPEP, even those who are unable to exercise with high loads and in short periods of immobilization.

Novelty: Unilateral resistance training promotes cross-education of dynamic muscle strength. However, higher-load resistance training enhances the effects of cross-education of muscle strength.
Supporting Canada’s COVID-19 resilience and recovery through robust immigration policy and programs
Authors: Esses Victoria , McRae Jean , Alboim Naomi , Brown Natalya , Friesen Chris , Hamilton Leah , Lacassagne Aurélie , Macklin Audrey , Walton-Roberts Margaret
Published: May 2021

Canada has been seen globally as a leader in immigration and integration policies and programs and as an attractive and welcoming country for immigrants, refugees, temporary foreign workers, and international students. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed some of the strengths of Canada’s immigration system, as well as some of the fault lines that have been developing over the last few years. In this article we provide an overview of Canada’s immigration system prior to the pandemic, discuss the system’s weaknesses and vulnerabilities revealed by the pandemic, and explore a post-COVID-19 immigration vision. Over the next three years, the Government of Canada intends to bring over 1.2 million new permanent residents to Canada. In addition, Canada will continue to accept many international students, refugee claimants, and temporary foreign workers for temporary residence here. The importance of immigration for Canada will continue to grow and be an integral component of the country’s post-COVID-19 recovery. To succeed, it is essential to take stock, to re-evaluate Canada’s immigration and integration policies and programs, and to expand Canada’s global leadership in this area. The authors offer insights and over 80 recommendations to reinvigorate and optimize Canada’s immigration program over the next decade and beyond.
Chiral oscillations in the non-relativistic regime
Authors: Bittencourt Victor A. S. V. , Bernardini Alex E. , Blasone Massimo
Published: May 2021

Massive Dirac particles are a superposition of left and right chiral components. Since chirality is not a conserved quantity, the free Dirac Hamiltonian evolution induces chiral quantum oscillations, a phenomenon related to the Zitterbewegung, the trembling motion of free propagating particles. While not observable for particles in relativistic dynamical regimes, chiral oscillations become relevant when the particle’s rest energy is comparable to its momentum. In this paper, we quantify the effect of chiral oscillations on the non-relativistic evolution of a particle state described as a Dirac bispinor and specialize our results to describe the interplay between chiral and flavor oscillations of non-relativistic neutrinos: we compute the time-averaged survival probability and observe an energy-dependent depletion of the quantity when compared to the standard oscillation formula. In the non-relativistic regime, this depletion due to chiral oscillations can be as large as 40$$\%$$
%
. Finally, we discuss the relevance of chiral oscillations in upcoming experiments which will probe the cosmic neutrino background.
Modeling traffic flow in work zone sections considering the effect of traffic lights
Authors: Lu Xingyu , Fei Li , Zhu Huibing , Cheng Wangjun , Wang Zijie
Published: May 2021

Based on the two-lane highway traffic model with a work zone presented previously, a new traffic model with a work zone under the control of traffic lights is proposed. The length of the waiting area for vehicles before traffic lights is recommended cautiously after numerical simulation. The relationship between the vehicles’ queuing time and the cycle of traffic lights is studied, and the cycle time of traffic lights is obtained also considering people’s endurance to the red light. It is found that the traffic lights are effective to ease the traffic congestion in the work zone when the density is medium, and help to eliminate the inducement of traffic accidents. On the other hand, the simulation results show that traffic lights are not needed in the work zone when the traffic density is small. It indicates that the traffic flow in the work zone area can be optimized by using appropriate traffic management when the traffic density varies.
Sufficient Forecasting for Sub-Gaussian Processes Using Factor Models
Authors: Fallahi Alireza , Salavati Erfan , Mohammadpour Adel
Published: May 2021

Recent progress in forecasting emphasizes the role of nonlinear factor models. In the simplest case, the nonlinearity appears in the link function. But even in this case, the classical forecasting methods, such as principal components analysis, do not perform well. Another challenge when dealing specially with financial data is the heavy-tailedness of data. This brings another difficulty to the classical forecasting methods. There are recent works in sufficient forecasting which use the technique of sliced inverse regression and local regression methods to overcome the nonlinearity. In this paper, we first observe that for heavy-tailed data, the existing approaches fail. Then we show that a suitable combination of two known methods of kernel principal component analysis and [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbor regression improves the forecasting dramatically.
The landscape of academic literature in quantum technologies
Authors: Seskir Zeki C. , Aydinoglu Arsev U.
Published: May 2021

In this study, we investigated the academic literature on quantum technologies (QT) using bibliometric tools. We used a set of 49,823 articles obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database using a search query constructed through expert opinion. Analysis of this revealed that QT is deeply rooted in physics, and the majority of the articles are published in physics journals. Keyword analysis revealed that the literature could be clustered into three distinct sets, which are (i) quantum communication/cryptography, (ii) quantum computation, and (iii) physical realizations of quantum systems. We performed a burst analysis that showed the emergence and fading away of certain key concepts in the literature. This is followed by co-citation analysis on the “highly cited” articles provided by the WoS, using these we devised a set of core corpus of 34 publications. Comparing the most highly cited articles in this set with respect to the initial set we found that there is a clear difference in most cited subjects. Finally, we performed co-citation analyses on country and organization levels to find the central nodes in the literature. Overall, the analyses of the datasets allowed us to cluster the literature into three distinct sets, construct the core corpus of the academic literature in QT, and to identify the key players on country and organization levels, thus offering insight into the current state of the field. Search queries and access to figures are provided in the appendix.
Incidence Category of the Young Lattice, Injections Between Finite Sets, and Koszulity
Authors: Dubsky Brendan
Published: May 2021

We study the quadratic quotients of the incidence category of the Young lattice defined by the zero relations corresponding to adding two boxes to the same row, or to the same column, or both. We show that the last quotient corresponds to the Koszul dual of the original incidence category, while the first two quotients are, in a natural way, Koszul duals of each other and hence they are in particular Koszul self-dual. Both of these two quotients are known to be basic representatives in the Morita equivalence class of the category of injections between finite sets. We also present a new, rather direct, argument establishing this Morita equivalence.
Environmental Toxicology Assays Using Organ-on-Chip
Authors: Akarapipad Patarajarin , Kaarj Kattika , Liang Yan , Yoon Jeong-Yeol
Published: May 2021

Adverse effects of environmental toxicants to human health have traditionally been assayed using in vitro assays. Organ-on-chip (OOC) is a new platform that can bridge the gaps between in vitro assays (or 3D cell culture) and animal tests. Microenvironments, physical and biochemical stimuli, and adequate sensing and biosensing systems can be integrated into OOC devices to better recapitulate the in vivo tissue and organ behavior and metabolism. While OOCs have extensively been studied for drug toxicity screening, their implementation in environmental toxicology assays is minimal and has limitations. In this review, recent attempts of environmental toxicology assays using OOCs, including multiple-organs-on-chip, are summarized and compared with OOC-based drug toxicity screening. Requirements for further improvements are identified and potential solutions are suggested.
The History of Microbiology—A Personal Interpretation
Authors: Kolter Roberto
Published: May 2021

Microbiology began as a unified science using the principles of chemistry to understand living systems. The unified view quickly split into the subdisciplines of medical microbiology, molecular biology, and environmental microbiology. The advent of a universal phylogeny and culture-independent approaches has helped tear down the boundaries separating the subdisciplines. The vision for the future is that the study of the fundamental roles of microbes in ecology and evolution will lead to an integrated biology with no boundary between microbiology and macrobiology.
Nationalism: What We Know and What We Still Need to Know
Authors: Mylonas Harris , Tudor Maya
Published: May 2021

Amid the global resurgence of nationalist governments, what do we know about nationalism? This review takes stock of political science debates on nationalism to critically assess what we already know and what we still need to know. We begin by synthesizing classic debates and tracing the origins of the current consensus that nations are historically contingent and socially constructed. We then highlight three trends in contemporary nationalism scholarship: ( a) comparative historical research that treats nationalism as a macropolitical force and excavates the relationships between nations, states, constitutive stories, and political conflict; ( b) behavioral research that uses survey data and experiments to gauge the causes and effects of attachment to nations; and ( c) ethnographic scholarship that illuminates the everyday processes and practices that perpetuate national belonging. The penultimate section briefly summarizes relevant insights from philosophy, history, and social psychology and identifies knowledge gaps that political scientists are well-positioned to address. A final section calls for more comparative, cross-disciplinary, cross-regional research on nationalism.
Measuring Liberalism, Confronting Evil: A Retrospective
Authors: Katznelson Ira
Published: May 2021

Taking liberalism's measure as an indispensable yet inherently fragile design grounded in the rule of law, government by consent, individual and public rights, and political representation, my work at the intersection of ideas, institutions, and methods to appraise behavior has focused on origins and transitions, membership boundaries and domination, and an unsteady bonding with the older regime model of democracy. Shaped by early and later life experiences and guided by the good fortune of stimulating networks and enabling institutions, my analytical histories of thought and events, primarily in the American experience, have asked when and why liberal democracies become normatively appealing (less closed and more tolerant) and more effective (less vulnerable and more secure). As a political scientist trained in history, I have been keen to advance a discipline that refuses to be enclosed or too crisply divided into subfields, or, indeed, to choose between quests for causality and understanding.
Free Radicals: The Dilemma of Unlucky DNA
Authors: Hall Dale
Published: May 2021

“How are you feeling? I hope you haven’t stolen any more shoes lately.” “I’m much better, thanks. I did steal a pair about two weeks ago, but nothing since then. I think I’ll be over this soon.” This conversation would be absurd in our world, but not in Erewhon, where attitudes about health and criminality are turned upside down.
Japan Watch - Corrosion Studies in Ultra-Steel Project at NIMS in Japan
Authors: Kodama Toshiaki
Published: May 2021

Since 1997, the National Institute for Materials Research (NIMS, formerly National Research Institute for Metals) in Japan has promoted a project for R&D of innovative steels, under the name of Ultra-Steel. The project covers such fields as 800MPa class steels for welding construction, 1500MPa ultra-high strength steels resistant to hydrogen brittleness, advanced heat resisting steel for ultra-super critical power plants and advanced corrosion resistant steels for marine environments.
The Corrosion Division
Authors: Kelly Robert G.
Published: May 2021

The Corrosion Division was established on April 15, 1942 to organize and promote formal and informal discussions associated with the behavior of materials in such environments that cause corrosion, oxidation, and related surface reactions.
Scenarios for Atmospheric Corrosion in the 21st Century
Authors: Graedel Thomas E. , Leygraf Christofer
Published: May 2021

Much effort has been expended in the past few decades in the attempt to link the degradation of materials exposed to the atmosphere to the causative agents responsible for the degradation. The utility in doing so is primarily to understand the cause and effect relationships involved in the atmospheric corrosion process.
Redox-Active Dendrimers: Toward the Construction of Switchable Guest Encapsulation Systems
Authors: Noble Charles O.
Published: May 2021

A Summary Report to The Electrochemical Society for the 2001 Joseph W. Richards Summer Research Fellowship.
Measuring Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rates of Monolayer Protected Clusters
Authors: Hicks Jocelyn F.
Published: May 2021

A Summary Report to The Electrochemical Society for the 2000 Department of Energy Summer Research Fellowship.
Regional lung viscoelastic properties in supine and prone position in a porcine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Guérin Claude , Bayat Sam , Noury Norbert , Cour Martin , Argaud Laurent , Louis Bruno , Terzi Nicolas
Published: May 2021

In a porcine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome, data were successfully fitted to a rheological model of the nonlinear behavior of viscoelastic properties of lung and chest wall at different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the supine and prone position. Prone position tended to decrease lung viscoelastic resistive component. PEEP had a significant effect on dorsal lung viscoelastic elastance. Finally, lung viscoelastic resistance correlated with the amount of lung collapse assessed by electrical impedance tomography.
Chryseobacterium indologenes Keratitis: Successful Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Strain
Authors: Lee Ivan J. , Mauger Thomas
Published: May 2021

A 72-year-old male with history of monocular vision with complete vision loss in his right eye from previous retinal detachment presented with 20/200 vision in the left eye with a corneal ulcer. Culture was obtained, and the patient was started on fortified tobramycin, fortified vancomycin, and amphotericin. Despite the antibiotics, the patient did not significantly improve, after which another culture was obtained before the patient was taken to the surgery for cryotherapy and a partial conjunctival flap. The culture identified Chryseobacterium indologenes. There have been fewer than a handful of cases reported in the last three decades with different antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Our patient was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime with the final vision of 20/40.
Calibration and Image Processing of Aerial Thermal Image for UAV Application in Crop Water Stress Estimation
Authors: Han Yunhyeok , Tarakey Barnabas Abraham , Hong Suk-Ju , Kim Sang-Yeon , Kim Eungchan , Lee Chang-Hyup , Kim Ghiseok
Published: May 2021

Crop monitoring is a very important area of precision agriculture and smart farming. Through an accurate monitoring, it is possible to more efficiently manage the irrigation, fertilization, and pest control. In this study, we propose aerial thermal image calibration method and thermal image processing techniques to analyze the water stress level of fruit trees under different irrigation conditions. The calibration was performed using Gaussian process regression, and it was demonstrated as an appropriate regression method because it satisfied all requirements including the residuals’ normality, independence, and homoscedasticity. In addition, an appropriate image processing technique was necessary to selectively extract only the canopy temperature from the aerial thermal images, while excluding irrelevant elements such as the soil and other objects. For the image processing techniques, three methods (Gaussian mixture model, Otsu binarization algorithm, and Otsu binarization algorithm after Gaussian blurring) were employed. The Gaussian mixture model provided the highest accuracy and stable results for the extraction of the canopy temperature. After the aerial thermal images were subjected to calibration and image processing, the degree above nonstressed canopy (DANS) water stress index was calculated for the fruit trees under different water supply conditions. The distribution of the DANS water stress index was similar to the distribution of the canopy temperature and inversely proportional to the amount of supplied water content. Therefore, we expect that the DANS water stress index, calculated using the calibration and image processing techniques proposed in this study, can be a reliable measure for the estimation of the water stress of crops for the application of aerial infrared techniques to remote sensing.
Upregulation of lnc-ZNF281 Inhibits the Progression of Glioma via the AKT/GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Deng Yu-Qin , Kong Gang-Yong , Li Song , Li Fen , Wen Si-Lu
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the roles and potential underlying mechanisms of long noncoding RNA lnc-ZNF281 in glioma. We performed qRT-PCR to detect the expression levels of lnc-ZNF281 in glioma tissues. The effects of lnc-ZNF281 on the proliferative and migrative abilities of T98G and HS683 glioma cells were examined by cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay, and transwell assay. Also, the effects of lnc-ZNF281 on AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway were analyzed. The results showed that the expression of lnc-ZNF281 in glioma tissues was decreased compared with normal tissues. lnc-ZNF281 overexpression inhibited the proliferative and migrative abilities of glioma cells, while lnc-ZNF281 knockdown obtained the opposite findings. Besides, overexpression of lnc-ZNF281 in glioma cells inactivated the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, β-catenin activation reversed the suppressive effects of lnc-ZNF281 on glioma cells. Taken together, lnc-ZNF281 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and migration via AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway and may serve as a potential target for glioma treatment.
Photobiostimulatory Effect of a Single Dose of Low-Level Laser on Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Pain
Authors: Qamruddin Irfan , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Mahroof Verda , Fida Mubassar , Khamis Mohd Fadhli , Husein Adam
Published: May 2021

Objective. To assess the effect of low-level laser applied at 3 weeks intervals on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and pain using conventional brackets (CB). Materials and Methods. Twenty patients with Angle’s class II div 1 (10 males and 10 females; aged 20.25 ± 3.88 years) needing bilateral extractions of maxillary first bicuspids were recruited. Conventional brackets MBT of 0.022 in slot (McLaughlin Bennett Trevisi) prescription braces (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, Calif) were bonded. After alignment and levelling phase, cuspid retraction began with nitinol closed coil spring on 19 × 25 stainless steel archwire, wielding 150 gram force. 7.5 J/cm2 energy was applied on 10 points (5 buccal and 5 palatal) on the canine roots on the investigational side using gallium-aluminum-arsenic diode laser (940 nm wavelength, iLase™ Biolase, Irvine, USA) in a continuous mode. Target tissues were irradiated once in three weeks for 9 weeks at a stretch (T0, T1, and T2). Patients were given a feedback form based on the numeric rating scale (NRS) to record the pain intensity for a week. Silicon impressions preceded the coil activation at each visit (T0, T1, T2, and T3), and the casts obtained were scanned with the Planmeca CAD/CAM™ (Helsinki, Finland) scanner. Results. The regimen effectively accelerated (1.55 ± 0.25 mm) tooth movement with a significant reduction in distress on the investigational side as compared to the placebo side (94 ± 0.25 mm) (

p
<
0.05

). Conclusions. This study reveals that the thrice-weekly LLLT application can accelerate OTM and reduce the associated pain.
A Prediction Model of Endometrial Cancer Lesion Metastasis under Region of Interest Target Detection Algorithm
Authors: Xu Yuquan , Zhao Renfeng
Published: May 2021

The predictive values of region of interest (ROI) target detection algorithm-based radiomics for endometrial cancer (EC) lymph node metastasis was investigate in this work. 143 patients with EC admitted by hospital were selected as the research objects and divided randomly into a training group (group A) and a test group (group B). They received preoperative pelvic-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. The ROI algorithm was applied to extract features to construct an EC lymph node radiomics model that was compared with a comprehensive prediction model of EC lymph node. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the radiomic model and comprehensive predictive model. Results showed that both the radiomics model (area under the curve (AUC) of group A = 0.875 and AUC of group B = 0.882) and comprehensive prediction model (AUC of group A = 0.917 and AUC of group B = 0.893) had good predictive effects, and effect of the latter was markedly better than that of the former. It indicated that radiomics parameters of ROI target detection algorithm were effective markers for preoperative prediction of EC lymph node metastasis, and its comprehensive prediction model could play a guiding role in clinical decision-making.
Distributed Cooperative Sliding Mode Fault-Tolerant Control for Multiple High-Speed Trains Based on Actor-Critic Neural Network
Authors: Kong Xiangyu , Zhang Tong
Published: May 2021

This article investigates the cooperative fault-tolerant control problem for multiple high-speed trains (MHSTs) with actuator faults and communication delays. Based on the actor-critic neural network, a distributed sliding mode fault-tolerant controller is designed for MHSTs to solve the problem of actuator faults. To eliminate the negative effects of unknown disturbances and time delay on train control system, a distributed radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) with adaptive compensation term of the error is designed to approximate the nonlinear disturbances and predict the time delay, respectively. By calculating the tracking error online, an actor-critic structure with RBFNN is used to estimate the switching gain of the distributed controller, which reduces the chattering phenomenon caused by sliding mode control. The global stability and ultimate bounded of all signals of the closed-loop system are proposed with strict mathematic proof. Simulations show that the proposed method has superior effectiveness and robustness compared with other fault-tolerant control methods, which ensures the safe operation of MHSTs under moving block conditions.
Cytogenetic Analysis of the Products of Conception After Spontaneous Abortion in the First Trimester
Authors: Zhang Xueluo , Fan Junmei , Chen Yanhua , Wang Jun , Song Zhijiao , Zhao Jinghui , Li Zhongyun , Wu Xueqing , Hu Yuanjing
Published: May 2021

In the present study, we retrospectively recruited 340 patients who underwent spontaneous abortions to investigate chromosomal abnormalities of the conception products in the first trimester. We also performed a relevant analysis of clinical factors. Of these patients, 165 had conception products with chromosomal abnormalities, including 135 aneuploidies, 11 triploidies, 10 complex abnormalities, and 9 segmental aneuploidies. The most common abnormal chromosomes were chromosome 16 in the embryo-transfer group and sex chromosomes in the natural-conception group. The most common abnormal chromosomes in all analyzed maternal age groups were sex chromosomes, 16, and 22. The chromosomal abnormality incidence was related to age and number of spontaneous abortions (both p < 0.05), but not to number of pregnancies, deliveries, induced abortions, or methods of conception (all p > 0.05). The rates of abnormality for chromosomes 12, 15, 20, and 22 increased with age, while the rates for chromosomes 6, 7, 13, and X decreased. In all age groups, aneuploidy was by far the most common abnormality; however, the low-incidence distributions of chromosomal abnormalities were entirely different. Overall, chromosomal aneuploidy was the primary cause of pregnancy loss in the first trimester, and low-frequency abnormalities differed across age subgroups. Chromosomal aberrations were found to be related to maternal age and spontaneous abortion, but not all chromosomal abnormalities increased with age.
Choroidal Hemangioma Associated with Hepatic Hemangioma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Boned-Murillo Ana , Diaz-Barreda Maria Dolores , Honrubia-Grijalbo Ana , Esteban-Floria Olivia , Ascaso Puyuelo Francisco Javier
Published: May 2021

Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) is a rare congenital ocular tumor type that is usually benign and asymptomatic. CCH has only been reported once previously in the literature in association with a visceral neoplasm. Here, we present a newly described association between CCH and hepatic hemangioma (HH). We report the case of a 57-year-old woman diagnosed with asymptomatic HHs who presented with a 2- to 3-month history of central scotoma and blurred vision in her left eye. Assessment identified an orange-red elevated lesion with a central serous retinal detachment and subretinal edema. Complementary tests suggested a CCH. To our knowledge, CCH has only been reported once previously in association with a visceral neoplasm, making this newly described association between CCH and HH of clinical relevance. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the possible association between CCH and other visceral tumors as this association offers an opportunity for the early detection of this pathology.
The Impact of Platinum-Containing Chemotherapies in Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Meta-Analytical Approach to Evaluating Its Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Yang Rui , Shi You-Yang , Han Xiang-Hui , Liu Sheng
Published: May 2021

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most common type of breast cancer, is associated with poor patient prognosis. Platinum-containing chemotherapies are commonly used in the treatment and prevention of advanced TNBC. Objectives and Methods: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of platinum-containing chemotherapies in patients with advanced TNBC, we searched several databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, and the Chinese Cochrane Center, to collect published randomized controlled clinical studies of platinum-containing chemotherapies for advanced TNBC before November 2020. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.3. To assess effectiveness and safety, dichotomous and continuous variables were assessed using odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD), respectively, with 95% CI. Results: A total of 1,222 patients with advanced TNBC were enrolled in 11 eligible trials, including 489 patients in the treatment group (platinum-containing) and 447 patients in the control group (non-platinum-containing). We also retrieved information whether a PARP inhibitor was combined with platinum-containing chemotherapy for patients with metastatic TNBC and identified 224 patients who received a PARP inhibitor combined with platinum-containing chemotherapy and 62 patients in the platinum-containing group who did not. The platinum-containing chemotherapy group had a significantly better objective response rate (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20–1.71, p < 0.001) and longer progression-free survival (PFS; MD 1.15, 95% CI 0.03–2.28, p < 0.05) than the non-platinum-containing chemotherapy group. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced TNBC between the two groups (MD 2.04, 95% CI –0.83 to 4.91, p > 0.05). Related adverse effects of platinum-containing chemotherapies involved gastrointestinal reaction, myelosuppression and liver function damage. Platinum-containing chemotherapies were not associated with an increased incidence of adverse side effects compared with non-platinum-containing chemotherapies, with the exception of nausea and vomiting (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.10–4.46, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the addition of the PARP inhibitor iniparib to gemcitabine and carboplatin treatment improved the rate of clinical benefit, OS and PFS. Conclusions: Platinum-containing chemotherapy remains a highly recommended therapeutic regimen due to greater effectiveness and tolerance for patients with advanced TNBC.
Maternal Anti-HPA-1a Antibodies Increase Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Permeability
Authors: Dardik Rima , Salomon Ophira
Published: May 2021

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) associated with fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is attributed mainly to endothelial damage caused by binding of maternal anti-HPA-1a antibodies to the αvβ3 integrin on endothelial cells (ECs). We examined the effect of anti-HPA-1a antibodies on EC function using 2 EC lines from different vascular beds, HMVEC of dermal origin and hCMEC/D3 of cerebral origin. Anti-HPA-1a sera significantly increased apoptosis in both HMVEC and hCMEC/D3 cells and permeability in hCMEC/D3 cells only. This increase in both apoptosis and permeability was significantly inhibited by a monoclonal anti-β3 antibody (SZ21) binding to the HPA-1a epitope. Our results indicate that (1) maternal anti-HPA-1a antibodies impair EC function by increasing apoptosis and permeability and (2) ECs from different vascular beds vary in their susceptibility to pathological effects elicited by maternal anti-HPA-1a antibodies on EC permeability. Examination of maternal anti-HPA-1a antibodies for their effect on EC permeability may predict potential ICH associated with FNAIT.
Prevalence of Polypharmacy and Risks of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in the Older Population in a Developing Country: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth , Gebreyohannes Eyob Alemayehu , Fialova Daniela
Published: May 2021

Background and Aim: Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in older populations (65+ years) have not yet been investigated by meta-analyses in developing countries. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use and major risk factors associated with PIM prescribing in older adults in Ethiopia. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies published between January 1990 and October 2020. Observational studies reporting the prevalence and association of risk factors with polypharmacy and PIM use in the older population were meta-analyzed. A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted to pool the prevalence estimates, and the risk of PIM use was reported as a relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: We identified by systematic literature review 404 articles. Of those, 8 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria, comprising a total sample of 2,608 participants. The overall prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use pooled by meta-analysis in the Ethiopian older population was 33 and 37%, respectively. The risk factors of PIM use were analyzed in the meta-analysis (particularly polymorbidity, polypharmacy, gender, and older age), and only older age of 65+ (RR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16–2.51) was significantly associated with PIM use. Conclusion: This first meta-analysis from a developing country revealed a high prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use in the Ethiopian older population. There was no awareness about the risk of PIMs in patients with polypharmacy and polymorbidity, and older age significantly predicted PIM use. Interventions ensuring rational geriatric pharmacotherapy are essential in developing countries in order to reduce the expected burden of PIM-related geriatric morbidity, higher costs, and mortality.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Associated with COVID-19 Infection: An Observational, Multicenter Study
Authors: Hameed Sajid , Wasay Mohammad , Soomro Bashir A. , Mansour Ossama , Abd-allah Foad , Tu Tianming , Farhat Raja , Shahbaz Naila , Hashim Husnain , Alamgir Wasim , Iqbal Athar , Khan Maria
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (CO­VID-19) has an increased propensity for systemic hypercoagulability and thromboembolism. An association with cerebrovascular diseases, especially cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), has been reported among these patients. The objective of the present study was to identify risk factors for CVT as well as its presentation and outcome in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a multicenter and multinational observational study. Ten centers in 4 countries (Pakistan, Egypt, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates) participated in this study. The study included patients (aged >18 years) with symptomatic CVT and recent COVID-19 infection. Results: Twenty patients (70% men) were included. Their mean age was 42.4 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1. Headache (85%) and seizures (65%) were the common presenting symptoms, with a mean admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13. CVT was the presenting feature in 13 cases (65%), while 7 patients (35%) developed CVT while being treated for COVID-19 infection. Respiratory symptoms were absent in 45% of the patients. The most common imaging finding was infarction (65%), followed by hemorrhage (20%). The superior sagittal sinus (65%) was the most common site of thrombosis. Acute inflammatory markers were raised, including elevated serum D-dimer (87.5%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (69%), and C-reactive protein (47%) levels. Homocysteine was elevated in half of the tested cases. The mortality rate was 20% (4 patients). A good functional outcome was seen in the surviving patients, with a mean modified Rankin Scale score at discharge of 1.3. Nine patients (45%) had a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 at discharge. Conclusion: COVID-19-related CVT is more common among males at older ages when compared to previously reported non-COVID-19-related CVT cases. CVT should be suspected in COVID-19 patients presenting with headache or seizures. Mortality is high, but functional neurological outcome is good among survivors.
Os Judeus e a Questão Judaica nas Obras de F. M. Dostoiévski
Authors: Marques Priscila Nascimento
Published: May 2021

O texto foi escrito na juventude pelo conhecido psicólogo soviético L. S. Vygótski. A despeito da pouca idade do autor, o ensaio apresenta um exame agudo de uma questão candente da história da literatura russa – a problemática relação com a figura do judeu. Após um panorama das representações judaicas em diferentes autores (Púchkin. Gógol e Lérmontov, por exemplo), Vygótski se detém na presença polêmica e controversa do jid na obra dostoievskiana.
Racionalismo e romantismo em “Memórias do subsolo”, de Dostoiévski
Authors: Fernandes Arlene
Published: May 2021

Dostoiévski foi condenado por conspiração revolucionária contra o tsar e a experiência do cárcere deixou marcas profundas em sua trajetória literária. Partindo de uma defesa do solo russo enquanto único espaço capaz de articular uma oposição às teorias racionalista e romântica, o romancista estabelece sua crítica da modernidade. O artigo, portanto, busca analisar as críticas de Dostoiévski às ideologias ocidentais, bem como em que sentido essa concepção é elaborada enquanto crítica da modernidade, porém nos termos de um discurso moderno.
Comme Dostoïevski raconterait une vie
Authors: Bensussan Gerard
Published: May 2021

Les œuvres de Proust et de Dostoïevski, au-delà des différences qui les marquent, en particulier sur le monde, avec ou sans Dieu, sur la différence de statut des narrateurs et sur l’intériorité, partagent un trait essentiel: les personnages, les situations, les intrigues qui les nouent n’y sont jamais présentés selon un principe de causalité qui en permettraient l’explication psychologique, mais dans l’ordre de leurs perceptions diffractées par les récits et les impressions des protagonistes, et dans le sens de leurs illusions, de leurs croyances, de leurs certitudes, c’est-à-dire dans leurs vies mêmes telles que les raconte Dostoïevski, et qui suscitait l’admiration de Proust. Deux questions philosophiques majeures sont ainsi mises en jeu selon des modalités proprement romanesques: qu’en est-il de la vérité, qu’en est-il du réel?
Rodion Raskólnikov ou Do pretenso direito ao crime: Apontamentos / itinerário para uma leitura de Crime e Castigo
Authors: Fogel Gilvan
Published: May 2021

O texto procura alinhavar o roteiro de uma leitura de Crime e Castigo, de Fiódor Dostoiévski. Raskólnikov marca o tipo moderno (cartesiano, iluminista), a saber, l’homme révolté. Revoltado contra a própria vida, a própria existência. Isso por mostrar-se esta como pouca, pobre, finita. Este é o fundo metafísico que, do ponto de vista moral-religioso ou teológico-cristão, define a noção de culpa. Esta compreensão (a saber, revolta, ingratidão) perfaz não só “Crime e Castigo”, mas todas as grandes obras de Dostoiévski.
Outra vez Bazárov
Authors: Marques Priscila Nascimento , Mei Letícia
Published: May 2021

O ensaio epistolar de Aleksandr Herzen foi composto em 1868 e constitui uma acirrada polêmica do autor com “os novos homens” da década de 1860, os “filhos”, segundo a categoria fundada pelo romance de Turguêniev. No texto, Herzen, um eminente representante da geração dos pais, acerta as contas com as representações estereotipadas sobre a geração à qual pertence, apontando os erros injustiças e desvios dos “filhos”,. Por fim, o autor entra na disputa pelo conceito filosófico de niilismo, reelaborando-o em outras bases.
Dostoiévski e os Dilemas do Existir Contemporâneo ou da Finitude da Redenção
Authors: Casanova Marco Antônio
Published: May 2021

O intuito central do presente texto é apresentar o problema da ação no mundo contemporâneo em diálogo direto com a obra Os demônios de Fiodor Dostoievski. Para tanto, o texto inicia-se com a defesa de uma posição de princípio em relação ao conteúdo fenomenológico radical da obra de arte literária, antes de tudo da contemporânea. Em seguida, conquistada uma base diferencial para a exposição de nosso problema, tentamos antes de tudo mostrar o nexo estrutural entre três fatores próprios ao mundo demoníaco que emerge da obra dostoievskiana: o modo peculiar de recepção da Revolução Francesa; a ambientação inicial de Os demônios a partir do campo existencial de duas figuras antes periféricas na trama do livro, mas completamente decisivas para a formação dos demônios particulares; e, por fim, o problema da ação e da falta completa de medida que se concretiza em duas possibilidades específicas, Stavrogin e Kirilov.
Contribuições da Arte e da Literarura na construção do conhecimento geográfico no ensino fundamental
Authors: Antonio Karla Conceição da Rocha , Flora Douglas de Paula , Andrade Matheus Lima de
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo tem por objetivo propor uma atividade interdisciplinar entre Geografia, Literatura e a Arte nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental e, para isto, utilizamos uma obra da literatura infantil intitulada O Maluco do céu (2009), de Anna Gobel, a qual se inspira em uma lenda caribenha sobre a formação dos continentes. Considerando que a história possui elementos geográficos implícitos na arte do livro e no diálogo dos personagens, destacamos as potencialidades de instrumentalizar os alunos sobre esses conceitos e de estimular a sua capacidade de leitura e de apreciação e representação artística. As idealizações e as sugestões das atividades foram concebidas considerando as habilidades a serem desenvolvidas que são requeridas pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2017), nas disciplinas de Geografia, Artes e Língua Portuguesa para os 2° e 3° anos do ensino fundamental.
Se a Rua do Ouvidor falasse... os entrecruzamentos da Geografia com a Literatura
Authors: Silva Adriana Carvalho , Fontes Elizabeth  Martins Garcia , Santos Bruno Luís de Souza Félix dos
Published: May 2021

Esse artigo relata uma etapa do projeto de extensão Caminhos Geoliterários. O projeto teve apoio da Faperj e envolveu a UFRRJ e o Colégio Estadual Amaro Cavalcanti. O objetivo é refletir com os alunos de Ensino Médio as representações da cidade do Rio de Janeiro através de duas crônicas de Machado de Assis que relacionam o bonde à cidade e o romance Memórias da Rua do Ouvidor, de Joaquim Manoel de Macedo. Para pensar essa perspectiva interdisciplinar, nos valemos dos estudos de Yi Fu Tuan (1974; 1977), Michel Collot (2011) e Bertrand Wesphal (2007). Nossa metodologia envolve leituras e trabalhos de campo nos Roteiros Geoliterários.
Target Lesion Lipid Content Detected by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy After Stenting and the Risk of Subsequent Target Lesion Failure
Authors: Madder Ryan D. , Kubo Takashi , Ino Yasushi , Kameyama Takeyoshi , Terada Kosei , VanOosterhout Stacie , Mulder Abbey , McNamara Michael , Kenaan Mohamad , Samani Soroush , Kassier Adnan , Parker Jessica L. , McNamara Richard , Akasaka Takashi
Published: May 2021

Objective:

After percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), it is unknown whether retained lipid content in the stented segment increases the risk of target lesion failure (TLF). This study evaluated the association between retained lipid content in the stented segment detected by post-PCI intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy and TLF.

Approach and Results:

After the performance of PCI, post-PCI near-infrared spectroscopy–intravascular ultrasound images were acquired and analyzed by an independent core laboratory for retained lipid content in the stented segment, quantified by the maximum lipid core burden index in 4 mm (maxLCBI
4mm
). The primary outcome was TLF during follow-up, defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization. Among 202 patients with 209 target lesions treated by PCI and followed for 3.5±1.4 years, baseline post-PCI near-infrared spectroscopy–intravascular ultrasound images revealed a significantly greater maxLCBI
4mm
in stented lesions with (297 [211, 401]) versus without (119 [9, 258]) TLF during follow-up (
P
=0.006). By multivariate logistic regression, maxLCBI
4mm
in the stented segment was independently associated with subsequent TLF (odds ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.2–2.1] for every 100-unit increase,
P
=0.004). By receiver-operating characteristic analysis, the optimal residual maxLCBI
4mm
threshold in the stented segment for subsequent TLF was 200. Stented lesions with a residual maxLCBI
4mm
>200 had significantly greater TLF during follow-up than stented lesions with a maxLCBI
4mm
≤200 (15.0% versus 3.1%,
P
=0.002).

Conclusions:

Retained lipid content detected by near-infrared spectroscopy in the stented segment after PCI was associated with an increased risk of subsequent TLF.