bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Ex-vivo Evaluation of Transdermal Patches of Glipizide using the Penetration Enhancer Buchanania- Lanzan (Spreng) Seed Oil
Authors: Singh Sudarshan , Bothara Sunil B , Patel D. Roshan , Naveen Mahobia K
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the permeation enhancement properties of Buchanania lanzan spreng seed oil. Ethyl cellulose transdermal patches of Glipizide using some essential oils as penetration enhancers were developed. Effect of drug loading and penetration enhancers on the in vitro permeation of drug through rat skin was investigated. Incorporation of essential oils enhanced the moisture content, moisture uptake capacity and permeation of Glipizide across skin barriers. Among the penetration enhancers used, Buchanania lanzan spreng seed oil found to be most effective. Stability as well FTIR and DSC studies did not show any Interaction/degradation of the drug. It was concluded that stable and effective Glipizide transdermal patches can be prepared using essential oils as penetration enhancers. Further it was also concludes that the seed oil can be used in permeation enhancement of various types of tropical preparation.
Recent Advances in Microspheres Technology for Drug Delivery
Authors: Verma Navneet Kumar , Alam Gulzar , D K Vishwakarma , Mishra J N , Khan Wajahat Ullah , Singh Abhay Pratap , Roshan Asha
Published: August 2020

Microspheres are the novel drug delivery system. A well considered controlled drug delivery system can overcome some of the problems of predictable therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release approach.        A Microspheres has its drug dispersed throughout the particle i.e., the internal structure is a matrix of drug and polymeric excipients. It is the reliable means to deliver the drug to the target site with specificity, if modified and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest without untoward effects. Microspheres are typically free flowing powders consisting of synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature. Microspheres are particles between 0.1 and 200 μm in size. Microspheres received much consideration not only for prolonged release, but also for targeting of anticancer drugs to the tumor. Microspheres are spherical microparticles and are used where reliable and expected particle surface area is important. A microsphere has a drug located centrally within the particle, where it is encased within a unique polymeric membrane. In future by combining various other strategies, microspheres will find the central place in novel drug delivery, particularly in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene and genetic materials, safe, targeted and effective in-vivo delivery and supplements as miniature versions of diseased organ and tissues in the body.
Formulation and Evaluation of Nanosuspension of Simvastatin
Authors: Shid Rupali L. , Dhole Shashikant N. , Kulkarni Nilesh , Shid Santosh L
Published: August 2020

Poor water solubility and slow dissolution rate are issues for the majority of upcoming and existing biologically active compounds. Simvastatin is poorly water-soluble drug and its bioavailability is very low from its crystalline form. The purpose of this study wasto increase the solubility and dissolution rate of simvastatin by the  preparation of nanosuspension by emulsification solvent diffusion method at laboratory scale. Prepared nanosus-pension was evaluated for its particle size and in vitro dissolution study and characterized by zeta potential,differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), motic digital microscopy, entrapment efficiency, total drug content, saturated solubility study and in vivo study. A 23 factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables, amount of SLS (X1), amount of PVPK-30 (X2) and poloxamer-188 (X3) and dependent variables are total drug content and polydispersity Index. The obtained results showed that particle size (nm) and rate of dissolution has been improved when nanosuspension prepared with the higherconcentration of PVPK-30 with the higher concentration of PVP K-30 and Poloxamer-188 and lower concentration of SLS. The particle size and zeta potential of optimized formulation was found to be 258.3 nm and 23.43. The rate of dissolution of the optimized nanosuspension was enhanced (90% in 60min), relative to plain simvastatin  (21% in 60 min), mainly due to the formation of nanosized particles. These results indicate the suitability of 23 factorial  design for preparation of simvastatin loaded nano-suspension significantly improved in vitro dissolution rate and thus possibly enhance fast onset of therapeutic drug effect. In vivo study shows increase in bioavailability in nanosuspension formulation than the plain simvastatin drug.
Formulation of Oral Mucoadhesive Tablets of Pioglitazone using Natural Gum from Seeds of Pithecellobium Dulce
Authors: Singh Sudarshan , Goswami Hitesha
Published: August 2020

The plant derived gums and mucilage’s comply with many requirements of pharmaceutical excipients as they are non-toxic, stable, easily available, associated with less regulatory issues as compared to their synthetic counterpart and inexpensive; also these can be easily modified to meet the specific need. The present study was undertaken to isolate mucilage from the seeds of Pithecellobium dulce (P. dulce). The mucilage isolated from P. dulce were used as a bioadhesive polymer in tablet formulation and evaluated for the parameters such as swelling, pH, and bioadhesive property like bioadhesive strength, and ex-vivo residence time. The oral mucoadhesive tablets were prepared using Pioglitazone as model drug and P. dulce seeds mucilage as mucoadhesive polymer. The prepared tablets were evaluated against existing mucoadhesive polymer such as Xanthan gum and Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose K4M to explore its use as Pharmaceutical excipients. Swelling index of P. dulce was found to be 87.46 ± 0.11 % which was higher than Xanthan gum but lower than HPMC K4M having swelling index 73.28 ± 0.01 % and 98.88 ± 0.03 % respectively. The results showed that Bioadhesion strength of P. dulce was found to be 50.86 ± 0.03N which was higher than HPMC K4M but lower than Xanthan gum having Force of adhesion 32.81 ± 0.04N and 57.17 ± 0.01N respectively. The percentage cumulative drug release drug release of optimize batch F8 was found to be 101.71 %. So, it was concluded that the mucilage of P. dulce can be used as a pharmaceutical excipient in oral bioadhesive drug delivery systems.
Total Phenolic Content, Flavonoid Concentration and Antioxidant Activity of Leaves and Bark Extracts of Celtis australis L.
Authors: Hammash D. , Kitaz A. , Sabbagh G.
Published: August 2020

In this study, total phenolic content, concentration of flavonoids and in vitro antioxidant activity of the methanolic 80% extracts of the leaves and the bark of Celtis australis L. (Ulmaceae) were determined using spectrophotometric methods in an effort to validate the medicinal potential activity of these parts. Leaves extract had a considerable larger amount yield of extract than the bark one using maceration as a method of extraction. Total phenols were calculated using Folin-Ciocalteu method whereas flavonoids concentrations were determined using AlCl3 method. Antioxidant activity was determined depending on the extracts abililty to scavenge the radical DPPH• and to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ (FRAP ferric reducing ability power). Total phenols found in the leaves extract (16.89 ± 0.73 mg GA/g dry plant) were higher than the phenols found in the bark one (5.53 ± 0.19 mg GA/g dry plant). Flavonoids concentration was (14 ± 0.19 mg RU/ g dry plant) in the leaves extract and (0.17 ± 0.003 mg RU/g dry plant) in the bark one. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the two parts was almost the same, whereas the ferric reducing ability power test showed different results depending on the extract type and concentration. In two distinct tests of antioxidant evaluation, the extracts showed less values compared with BHT as a standard antioxidant. This study, has to some extent, validated the medicinal potential of the leaves and bark of Celtis australis.
Development of Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics for “Probiotic Therapy” under Clinical Conditions, to Prevent or Cure the Deadly Hospital Acquired Infections due to Clostridium difficile (C. diff.) and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Reddy Dr. M.S. , Reddy D.R.K.
Published: August 2020

This research article outlines the development and use of multiple mixed strain Probiotics, selected on the basis of their natural antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics such as vancomycin, bacitracin, and sulfonamides, in an attempt to successfully override the hospital associated infections due to Clostridium difficile (C. diff) and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).  Suitable procedures were developed to study the antibiotic resistance or sensitivity of the Probiotics and other gastrointestinal tract associated flora. The associative growth relationships of the mixed strain Probiotics were determined prior to pairing them in terms of their compatibility, using the differential plating techniques and phage typing. The specific phages infecting several Probiotics have been isolated and the techniques were developed to study the strain dominance among the stains of the same species of Probiotics using the bacteriophages.  The effect of individual strains of the multiple mixed strain Probiotics on the inhibition of C. diff and MRSA has been evaluated and compared to the level of inhibition if all the Probiotic strains combined as mixed cultures.  The synergetic effects of mixed Probiotic cultures in combination with the vancomycin, bacitracin and sulfamethoxazole to inhibit the growth of C. diff and MRSA was evaluated.  Using the results of associative growth studies, antibiotic resistance and sensitivities, phage patterns, a prophylactic and curative or therapeutic blend of the multiple mixed strain Probiotics were developed (using cryogenic technology) and tested using community based clinical trials in the hospital atmosphere.
Pineal gland calcifications in patients with benign and malignant tumors of the larynx, pharynx, paranasal sinuses and auditory nerve
Authors: Kolotilov Nikolay
Published: August 2020

Calcifications of the brain – pineal gland, choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles – are a long-known phenomenon. Calcification in such functionally important organs as the pineal gland and choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles cannot be physiological (it is enough to recall the formation of stones in the gallbladder, kidneys, prostate gland, calcinosis of the heart valves and coronary vessels) or relatively neutral process in the body and not affect the activity of these organs. The purpose of the investigation is to study the nosological predisposition of calcifications and the incidence of calcification of the pineal gland and choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles in benign and malignant tumors of the larynx, pharynx, paranasal sinuses and auditory nerve. Material and research methods. The analysis of CT images of 425 persons was carried out (data archive of the Institute): 50 practically healthy persons from 22 to 60 years without any chronic diseases of the head and neck and a history of surgical interventions; 23 – from 61 to 74 years with normal body aging, not taking any medications, with healthy lifestyle; 235 – from 22 to 74 years with maxillary sinus cysts; 61 – from 28 to 71 years with acoustic neuromas; 56 – from 14 to 74 years with benign and malignant tumors of the larynx, nasal pharynx and paranasal sinuses. Conclusions. Pineal gland calcifications – can be considered as: mobile depot or cemetery of calcium; the result of an organ and/or a tumor-bearing organism protective reaction; a sign of a normal or decreased pineal gland function. The formation and growth of calcifications of the pineal gland and choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles is associated with the growth and development of the body, benign and malignant tumors of the larynx, pharynx, paranasal sinuses and the auditory nerve (very likely, the tumors of other localizations as well). The formation and growth of calcifications of the pineal gland and choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles indicates an increase of the heterogeneity of the human body tissues and organs with age and the acquisition of diseases.
Positron emission tomography in the pediatric oncology
Authors: Dzhuzha Dmytro
Published: August 2020

The methodical features of using of the positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in pediatric oncological patients and variations of normal distribution of radiopharmaceutical in children were revealed. Diagnostic efficacies of PET/CT in different pediatric malignancies were represented. It is showed that the modality is the important additional imaging method of staging, assessment of treatment, and monitoring of the lymphomas, sarcomas and neuroblastomas which can improve the results of treatment. The possibilities of using PET/CT in diagnostics of Wilms’ tumor, hepatoblastomas and germ cell tumors were reviewed.
Key words: positron emission tomography, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, pediatric malignancies.
Discussion Leadership in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Ryczek Matthew
Published: August 2020

In this paper I introduce a teaching approach with the aim to improve English language learners’ sense of agency by leading small group discussions. I attempt to demonstrate that by giving students a greater amount of freedom and control over the content of their discussions, their capacity to communicate can improve. This approach was implemented in two 2nd-year English classes at a public university in Japan during the 2018-2019 academic year. In these classes, students regularly presented news articles related to topics they wanted to discuss and led a group of classmates in a discussion of their topic using their own discussion questions. I address how this learning approach was implemented, including guidance for article selection, presentation, and discussion leadership. I conclude with a discussion of the efficacy of this approach based on feedback from a student survey.
本論では、少人数で構成されたグループディスカッションを進めることにより、学習者の主体性の発達を目的とした指導方法を紹介する。学生自身が議論の内容、どのように議論を進めるかを自由に決めることにより、学生のコミュニケーション能力の改善を論証することを試みている。この指導方法は、2018年から2019年に日本の国立大学の2年生を対象とした2つの授業で実践され、これらの授業の中では、各学生が議論したいトピックに関連したニュース記事をグループ内で発表し、議論をしたい質問項目を選び、その質問をもとにディスカッションを進めた。本論では、学生が適切な記事の選択をするように導くための指導方法や、プレゼンテーションの方法、議論の進め方、評価方法など、この学習方法が実際の授業でどのように実践されたかを説明する。この方法の効果は、授業を受講した学生へのアンケート調査による評価をもとに結論づけている。
Developing Learning Strategies Through a Multimodal Vocabulary Project
Authors: Asquith Steven
Published: August 2020

In this research project the benefits to students of creating and using spaced-repetition vocabulary flashcards based upon different modalities—audio, visual, written, and mixed—are investigated. The study, conducted over two semesters with a class of Media English students, required students to learn the course vocabulary in stages using each modality individually before finally creating mixed-modality flashcards. At the end of the project students wrote journals to reflect on what they had learned from utilizing the different modalities to remember vocabulary and their experiences of using the technology. Subsequent analysis of these journals provides insight into not only students’ attitudes towards mobile learning and using online vocabulary flashcards but also how students can become more critical in developing vocabulary learning strategies tailored to their needs
当研究では、学生が、オーディオ、ビジュアル、文章、混合など様々なモダリティー（手法）に基づいて、間隔反復語彙フラッシュカード作成及びそれを利用した勉強方法の効果について調査する。2学期にわたり実施した当研究では、メディア英語クラスの学生は、混合モダリティフラッシュカードを作成する前に、それぞれのモダリティを利用して段階的にコース語彙を学習する必要があった。プロジェクトの最終段階において、学生はテクノロジーを利用した語彙学習経験を通し、様々なモダリティを利用して学んだことを振り返り、記事にまとめた。学生の記事に対するその後の分析は、学生のモバイル学習及びオンライン語彙フラッシュカードの利用に対する勉強姿勢だけでなく、彼らのニーズに合う語彙学習方法をより慎重に見極め開発できるようになる事を示唆している。
Passion Project Journaling in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Kambara Judith
Published: August 2020

Judith Kambara

Reference Data:
Kambara, J. (2020). Passion project journaling in the EFL classroom. In P. Clements, A. Krause, & R. Gentry (Eds.), Teacher efficacy, learner agency. Tokyo: JALT.
https://doi.org/10.37546/JALTPCP2019-45

Journaling activities in EFL classrooms, often based on prescribed journal prompts, are designed to elicit targeted grammar and vocabulary; however, prescribed prompts can be problematic because they lack a basis in reality and limit language structures available for use. After observing lackluster results with student journals based on prescribed topics, I introduced what I have termed passion project journaling in my 1st-year university English classes for general listening and speaking. Students were asked to journal extensively about topics in which they had a deep interest for the second of two 8-week terms in a semester-long course. Results showed marked increases in the average number of words per journal entry, range of language structures used, and topic engagement. Based on these results, I propose utilizing passion project journaling to increase students’ sense of self-efficacy and to grant learners the agency to acquire new vocabulary and language structures in meaningful contexts.
英語学習コースにおけるジャーナル活動は，通常、教員が決めたジャーナル・トピックに基づき，学習目標である文法や語彙を引き出すように設計されている。しかし，このようなジャーナル活動は，現実性を欠き，使用される言語構造も制限してしまう問題がある。筆者は，精彩を欠いたジャーナル活動を鑑み，筆者が担当している大学1年次のリスニング・スピーキングクラスに『パッション・プロジェクト・ジャーナリング』を導入した。これは，学生各々が強く興味をもつトピックで，学期の後半8週間，各自のジャーナルをまとめていく活動である。その結果，１ジャーナル当たりの使用語数，言語構造の幅が増加し，トピックについて積極的に関与する姿勢を示すように改善された。筆者は，『パッション・プロジェクト・ジャーナリング』を，学生達の目標達成意欲向上や、有意義な文脈で新しい語彙や文の構造を学ぶ主体的学習者とするために活用することを提唱する。
Using Concept Maps to Facilitate EAP Speaking
Authors: Wang Yu
Published: August 2020

In this paper the author explores the difficulties in EAP (English for academic purposes) speaking and learners’ use of concept mapping (CM) as a facilitator to speaking based on a qualitative approach in an international university in China. The introduction and literature review provide an overview of key concepts discussed in this paper including research on teaching EAP speaking, reflective learning, and concept maps. Vocabulary, academic knowledge, and language logic are addressed as the principal difficulties in speaking based on the empirical data from in-depth interviews. Major discussions on the function of CM in speaking learning involve knowledge reflection and consolidation, self-efficacy, and learner autonomy. Instructional suggestions of identified limitations and future research directions are also provided for educators.
本論では、とある中国の国際大学における定性的アプローチを通じて、英語を母国語としない人のEAP（アカデミック目的の英語）スピーキングの難しさと、スピーキングの進行役としてのコンセプトマップ（CM）の使用について説明する。概要と文献レビューでは、EAPスピーキング、リフレクティブラーニング（内省的学習）、およびコンセプトマップ（CM）の教育に関する研究を含む、本文で説明されている主要なコンセプトを説明する。綿密なインタビューのデータに基づいて、語彙、学術的知識、および言語ロジックは、話すことの主な困難さとして取り上げられる。 会話学習におけるCMの機能に関する主要な議論には、知識の反映と統合、自己効力感、学習者の自律性が含まれる。 また、教育者向けに、CMの使用法、特定された制限、および将来の研究の方向性に関する指導的な提案も提供される。
Effects of Explicit Instruction on Text Structure in Process Writing
Authors: Oshima Sachi
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the effectiveness of explicit instruction on text structure in the development of Japanese EFL college students’ English writing skills by examining two research questions: (1) How does students’ writing change after being given lessons on explicit instruction and process writing?; and (2) How do students’ perceptions of English writing change due to process writing and explicit instruction on text structure? Two groups of students were given four lessons on process writing and explicit instruction. While one group of advanced-level students wrote an argumentative essay, the other group with beginner-level students wrote a descriptive essay. The results suggest that explicit instruction on text structure can be a useful means of developing English writing skills regardless of students’ English proficiency levels. Students self-report indicated that their ability to organize ideas was highly improved, and they exhibited positive changes in writing in terms of organization and awareness of readers.
本研究では、EFL環境下にある日本人大学生を対象に、文章構成（text structure）の明示的指導がライティングにどのような効果を有するかを、次の2点について考察し、検証した。（1）プロセスライティングと文章構成の明示的指導により、学習者の英語ライティングはどのように変化するか。（2）プロセスライティングと文章構成の明示的指導により、学習者の英語ライティングに対する認識はどのように変化するか。2グループの学生に対しプロセスライティングと文章構成に関する明示的な指導を4レッスンずつ行った。英語上級者のグループにはargumentative essay（議論型エッセイ）を、初級者のグループにはdescriptive essay（記述型エッセイ）を書かせた。結果、文章構成の明示的指導は、学習者の英語運用能力に関わらず、英語ライティングの向上に効果的であることが分かった。学習者は文章構成力が最も上がったと回答しており、ドラフトにも文章構成力の向上や読み手を意識した文章への変容といった効果が表れた。
Critical Thinking and Debiasing: Experimentation in an Academic Writing Course
Authors: Smith Guy , Peloghitis John
Published: August 2020

In the last two decades, interest in cognitive biases has rapidly grown across various fields of study. The research so far has shown that cognitive biases have significant and sometimes adverse effects on decision making. Thus, it is increasingly being argued that classroom teaching of critical thinking needs to include instruction and training that help students understand cognitive biases and reduce their negative effects on judgment and decision making. Teaching students to be aware of biases and to develop and maintain strategies to reduce their influence is known as debiasing. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of cognitive biases and a framework for debiasing proposed by Wilson and Brekke (1994). Two approaches, modifying the person and modifying the environment, are discussed to help teachers introduce activities and strategies to mitigate biases.
認知バイアスへの関心は、この20年で様々な領域で急激に高まってきた。認知バイアスが、意思決定に対し有意な影響、時には逆効果を及ぼすことが、これまでの研究で明らかになった。そのため、教室で批判的思考を教える場合も、学生の認知バイアスへの理解に役立ち、認知バイアスが判断力や意思決定に対して及ぼす、時には有害な影響を弱める思考法を教える練習ないし訓練を組み込む必要があるのではないだろうか。学生がバイアスを認識し、その影響を払拭ないし弱める思考法を身につけてそれを維持するよう教えることは、デバイアスという名称で知られている。本稿では、認知バイアスとWilson and Brekke (1994) が提案するデバイアスのプロセスを概観する。教師がバイアスを和らげるための活動と戦略を紹介できるように、人間を修正し、環境を修正するという二つの取り組みについても検討する。
Reading Circles With Sherlock Holmes Graded Readers
Authors: Cooper Christopher
Published: August 2020

One elective class of 6 students at a small private university in Japan read Sherlock Holmes graded readers for one semester in a reading circle class. Reading circles involve students reading books and having discussions with a specific role, such as the Discussion Leader, Passage Person, Word Master, Summarizer, or Connector. These reading circle roles are explained using examples from students’ written notes, which were made to help them with the discussions. This provides a representation of the kind of oral output instructors may expect if they decide to try reading circles in their classrooms. Comments from the instructor’s reflective log and student surveys are reported to give greater insight into how future reading circle courses could be implemented. It was concluded that this activity may be useful to encourage interest in L2 reading at institutions with no extensive reading program.
リーディングサークルクラスを選択した日本の大学生６人が、一学期に渡り、英語多読本「シャーロックホームズ」の読書に取り組んだ。リーディングサークルとは、ただ単にグループで本を読むだけでなく、Discussion Leader, Passage Person, Word Master, Summarizer, Connectorなどの役割分担を各メンバーに持たせ、会話や討論を繰り広げることである。これらのリーディングサークルの役割については、学生が書いたメモの例を用いて説明するが、このメモは、討論の際に役立つように、学生に書かせたものである。これは、リーディングサークルを授業で実施する場合に、教師が期待するであろう学生の口頭の発言に相当する。リーディングサークルコースを実施する際に、より深く理解できる様、教師の日誌、学生のアンケートのコメント内容をここに報告する。この活動は、 英語多読コースのない大学で英語読書への関心を高めるのに役立つ可能性があると結論付けられる。
Reading and Writing Activities on Instagram
Authors: Thomas Kevin
Published: August 2020

In teaching a university course designed to improve English learners’ spoken and written communication, I noticed a gap between coursebook reading and writing activities and students’ L1 practices. This led to the conclusion that coursebook activities should be supplemented to improve learners’ motivation to read and write. An investigation into using social media in the classroom (Thomas & Park, 2020) identified Instagram as a potentially suitable platform for such activities. ELT researchers have supported classroom use of Instagram, claiming its use had benefits for language learning, grammatical and lexical accuracy, and motivation (Al-Ali, 2014; Handayani, 2016; Listiani, 2016). This paper is a report on two experiments that were carried out to investigate these claims. Results showed no improvement in vocabulary memorization or grammatical and lexical accuracy. However, students were motivated by Instagram and felt it was a useful language-learning tool. In addition, a correlation was found between using the platform and engaging in activities.
大学における口頭・書面によるコミュニケーション向上のコースにて、コースブックのリーディングとライティングのアクティビティと学習者の第一言語による実生活での読み書きの活動に差異があることに着目した。これにより、コースブックのアクティビティは読み書きの学習意欲向上のために補填されるべきであるという結論に達した。このようなアクティビティのためのインスタグラム使用の有用性が示されており(Thomas & Park, 2020)、文法・語彙の正確さの習得と学習意欲の向上に有益であるとELT研究者達に支持されている(Al-Ali, 2014; Handayani, 2016; Listiani, 2016)。これらの主張を調査するため本研究では二つの実験を行った。結果は語彙の暗記と文法・語彙の正確さの習得について何ら向上を示さなかったが、学習者はインスタグラムは学習意欲を起こし、役に立つ学習ツールであると感じた。さらにインスタグラムを使用することとアクティビティに興味を惹かれるということに相関関係が見受けられた
EFL Reading in Context
Authors: Van Amelsvoort Marcel
Published: August 2020

EFL reading pedagogy in Japan and elsewhere has been greatly influenced by popular approaches in English-speaking countries. Such approaches have tended to include whole language and whole word teaching, which have been shown repeatedly in recent decades to be ineffective for many students. Partly because of the influence of these approaches on L2 teaching in Japan, there continues to be an overreliance on visual memory, an underappreciation of the role of sound in reading (phonemic awareness, phonology, and memory encoding), a lack of focus on decoding and fluency development, a shortage of attention to certain features of vocabulary (morphology in particular), and insufficient teaching of comprehension strategies rather than just testing for it. This article gives a brief overview of the history of reading pedagogy, looks at some of the shortcomings of commonly used teaching approaches, and provides some suggestions for helping to compensate for these shortcomings.
日本において外国語としての英語読解指導は、歴史的に英語母語の諸国、特にアメリカの指導法に大きく影響されている。このように英語母語に由来する指導法は、ホール・ランゲージ／ホール・ワード・アプローチによる言語指導、語彙指導にも至り、今でも広く使用されているが、ここ数十年では、相当な数の学生に効果がないという研究結果が証明されている。これらの潮流の中で、日本での外国語指導は、視覚的記憶に過度に依存し続け、読解時の音の役割（音素声学上の認識、音韻体系、記憶の符号化）を正当に評価せず、流暢さの発達不足や語彙の（特に形態）特徴への注意欠如を招き、単なるテストより、内容把握のための指導法に十分な手立てがなされていない。本稿では、読解指導の歴史的経緯を概観し、一般に使用されながらも効果的でない手法を指摘する。その上で、その手法を修正し、足りない面を補う方法を提案する。
Building Vocabulary and Agency With an Online App
Authors: Kinkade J. Tyler
Published: August 2020

The impact of individualized vocabulary learning using an online spaced-repetition software application on the receptive lexical knowledge and agency of CEFR A2-level Japanese university students (N = 17) was investigated in this repeated-measures pilot study. The participants used the application to study vocabulary from one of five bands of the New General Service List (NGSL) based on their performance on the NGSL Test. A mixed-effects model indicated that learning vocabulary on the app predicted an increase on a delayed posttest at the end of the academic year—a large effect size. However, the effect of spaced review was not confirmed. All participants believed the app improved their English ability and the majority planned to continue using it independently in the future. The results suggest individualized online vocabulary study can contribute to vocabulary acquisition and promote learner agency.
この反復測定パイロット研究では、CEFRのA2レベルの日本人大学生（N＝17）の受容的な語彙知識と学習者主体に関して、オンラインの間隔反復ソフトウェアアプリを使用した個別の語彙学習の影響を調査した。参加者は、New General Service List（NGSL）テストのスコアによって、NGSLの5つのバンドの1つを選び、アプリを使用して、語彙を学習した。混合効果モデルでは、アプリで語彙を学習すると学期末の遅延ポストテストで成績向上（効果量大）が予測されることが示された。但し、間隔反復学習の効果は確証されなかった。すべての参加者は、アプリが英語能力を向上させ、大半が将来にアプリを単独で使用し続けるつもりだと考えた。その結果は、個別のオンライン語彙学習が語彙の習得に貢献し、学習者主体を促進できることを示唆している。
Using Quizlet to Enhance Learner Agency and Self-Efficacy in EFL
Authors: Carman Makoa
Published: August 2020

To motivate independent study, students were introduced to Quizlet, an online flashcard application. Exploratory research provided insight into the extent that Quizlet affects the construction of learner agency and learner self-efficacy. A survey on motivation given to 180 second-year EFL students with an average Common European Framework of Reference level of A1 showed that more than 80% of the students believed studying English was important for their futures, yet less than 25% of the students routinely worked on English assignments. Surveys on Quizlet given after 12 quizzes in a 30-week course showed users responded more positively than nonusers to the statements “I think I’m improving” and “I can make my own sentences using the vocabulary I learned.” Students’ thoughts on using Quizlet were positive and included positive impressions, perceived usefulness, enjoyment of use, and the intent to use Quizlet again in the future.
英語を学ぶ学生が自主的に学習できるという動機付けになるように学生に対してQuizlet（オンラインフラッシュカードアプリケーション）を導入した。 探索的研究によりQuizletが学習者主体と学習者の自己効力感の構築にどの程度影響を与えるかについて洞察を提供した。ヨーロッパ言語共通参照枠によるレベルが平均的なA１の2年生の学生180人に実施したモチベーションに関する調査では、学生の80％以上が英語学習は将来のために重要であると捉えているが、日常的に英語の課題に取り組んでいる学生は25％未満に留まった。また、30週間の科目で12回の語彙`テスト後に行った調査ではQuizlet使用者から「英語力が伸びていると思う」や「学習した語彙を使用して文章を作成できる」という前向きな感想が得られ、それには前向きな印象、有用性の認識、使用の楽しさ、及び将来Quizletを再び使用するという積極的な意図が含まれていた。
Incorporating an External Online Test Into a University Language Program
Authors: Pattison Steven
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a discussion of the adoption of an online test at the lowest levels of an English program at an international university in Japan. We first provide some background on the project, including an explanation of the test format, before describing its implementation at the university and the subsequent materials created to support student learning. We then discuss how we evaluated the impact and efficacy of the test and related materials using four different measures. An analysis and interpretation of these results follows, where we consider aspects such as washback, agency and efficacy. We conclude by stating that while these aspects are useful as guiding thematic concepts, further systematic research is needed to continue the project beyond the summary of the implementation and evaluation stages of the test provided here.
本稿では、日本の一国際大学の英語プログラム下位レベルコースへのオンライン・テストの導入について考察する。具体的には、まず本プロジェクトの背景やテスト形式を示し、学内でのテスト実施状況と学生サポートのために作成された補助教材について言及する。続いて、4つの異なる尺度から、テストと補助教材の有効性を評価した後、波及効果、学習者主体、自己効力感の観点から、評価結果の検証を行う。本稿の検証結果は、当該テストの実施案内としては有用であると言えるが、今後は、実施総括や評価という段階を超えたプロジェクトの継続のために、さらなる体系的なリサーチが必要であると結論づける。
Farklı temel besin ortamı, sitokinin ve oksin kombinasyonları, katılaştırıcı tipi ve ön soğuk uygulamalarının ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) çeşitlerinin anter kültüründe embriyonik kallus ve sürgün oluşumu üzerine etkileri
Authors: Uranbey Serkan , Akdogan Güray , Ahmed Hussein Abdullah Ahmed , Caliskan Mikail
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinde haploid bitki eldesine yönelik yüksek frekansta kompakt embriyogenik kallus ve sürgün oluşumu ve farklı temel besin ortamı, katılaştırıcı tipi ve ön soğuk uygulamalarının etkilerini ortaya konulmasıdır. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışmada, Tosunbey, Demir-2000 ve Bayraktar-2000 ekmeklik buğday çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Anterler 0, 4 ve 7 gün süreyle 4 C’de ön soğuk uygulamasına tabi tutulmuş, daha sonra farklı temel besin ortamlarını (MS, N6, B5 mineralleri ve vitaminleri) içeren ve sıvı, agar ve gelrite ile katılaştırılmış kallus teşvik ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. Genel Yorum: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; en yüksek kallus oluşturan anter oranı (% 14) sıvı N6 besin ortamında 7 gün süreyle soğukta muhafaza edilen Tosunbey çeşidinde elde edilmiştir. Ön soğuklanma süresi artışı embriyonik kallus oluşumuna olumlu etkilerde bulunurken, sıvı besin ortamlarının, agar ve gelrite ile katılaştırılmış besin ortamlarına göre Tosunbey ve Demir 2000 çeşitlerinde pozitif etkisi olduğu, Tosunbey çeşidinde N6’nın kallus oluşumu üzerine diğer besin ortamlarından daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Gelişen kalluslar daha sonra çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda BAP, KIN, NAA ve IBA içeren MS besi ortamına (sürgün gelişim ortamı) transfer edilmiştir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: En yüksek sürgün rejenerasyon oranı (% 7.5) ile Tosunbey çeşidinde 2 mg L-1 KIN ve 0.50 mg L-1 NAA, 2 mg L-1 KIN ve 0.50 mg L-1 IBA içeren MS besin ortamında elde edilmiştir.
Effects of nutritional practices in different periods on some yield characteristics of Kilis goats
Authors: Keskin Mahmut
Published: August 2020

Aims: In this study, the effects of supplementary feeding during gestation and lactation period on birth and weaning weights of kids and milk yield of dams in Kilis goats were investigated.Methods and Results: In the study, experimental goats were divided into three groups as control group, short-term feeding (STF) group and long-term feeding (LTF) group. The control group was kept under breeder’s management conditions. Supplementary feed of 750 g/head/day were given to the goats from the last 20 days of gestation to 90th days after birth in the STF group, and from last 40 days of gestation to the end of lactation in LTF group. At the end of the experiment, the highest lactation period was 220.2 days in the LTF group, followed by STF and control groups (P <0.05). Likewise, in the LTF and STF groups, the lactation milk yield, which was determined as 466.2 and 426.3 liters respectively, was higher than the control group (316.4 liters) (P <0.05).Conclusions: It was concluded that supplementary feeding during gestation and lactation periods caused an increase in milk yield and lactation length of Kilis goats.Significance and Impact of the Study: At the end of study, it can be stated that if supplementary feeding is made during gestation or lactation, milk yield characteristics of Kilis goats will be improved. Suckling period for the goats is the period when pasture conditions are good. For this reason, even in the goats managed only in the pasture, milk yield of mothers is sufficient for multiple born kids.
Sarı tüy rengindeki (Coturnix japonica) bıldırcınlarda farklı yaş ve depolama sürelerinin yumurta kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisi
Authors: Avşar Ayşe Alev , Çopur Akpınar Gülşen
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Sarı tüy renkli japon bıldırcınlarında 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 ve 32 haftalık yaşlarda 7 ve 14 gün süreyle depolanan kuluçkalık yumurtaların iç ve dış kalite özellikleri araştırılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Yaş ve depolama sürelerinin yumurtalarda dış ve iç kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisini belirme amacıyla 8-32 haftalar arasında 7 ayrı yaş dönemleri yumurtaların 0, 7 ve 14 gün süre ile depolanması araştırmanın yöntemini oluşturmaktadır. Yumurtanın depolama süresinin bağıl ağırlık kaybına etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Yumurta ağırlığı üzerine yaşın etkisi önemli bulunmuş, deneme başlangıcında (8. hafta) 11.67 g olan yumurta ağırlığı deneme sonunda (32. hafta) 12.15 g değerini almıştır Yumurta eninin yumurta boyuna oranı şeklinde ifade edilen şekil indeksi 8 haftalık yaşta en yüksek, 32 haftalık yaşta en düşük belirlenmiştir. Ak indeksi üzerine hayvan yaşı, depolama süresi ve yaş x depolama süresi arasındaki interaksiyon önemli bulunmuştur. Haugh birimi depolama süresi ve hayvan yaşından etkilenmiş, depolama süresi ile yaş arasındaki interaksiyon da etkili olmuştur. Depolama işlemi yapılmayan kontrol grubunda sarı indeks değeri, 7 ve 14 günlük depolama sürelerine göre daha düşük olup uygulamalar arası farklılık önemli bulunmuştur. Ak yüzdesi üzerine depolama süresi, yaş ve depolama süresi ile yaş arasındaki interaksiyon önemli olmuştur. Sarı yüzdesi depolama süresinden etkilenmemiş ancak yaşa bağlı olarak değişmiştir. Artan depolama süresine bağlı olarak sarı indeks değeri azalmıştır. Birim yüzey alanı başına kabuk ağırlığı depolama süresi ve hayvan yaşına göre değişmiştir. Gözenek sayısı üzerine hayvan yaşı etkili iken depolama süresinin etkisi önemsiz olmuştur.Genel Yorum: Sarı tüy rengindeki japon bıldırcınlarında yumurta iç ve dış kalite özellikleri üzerine anaç yaşı, depolama süresi ve çevresel faktörlerin etkisi önemli düzeyde bulunmuştur.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Elde edilen sonuçların gelecekte planlanacak çalışmalar için bilgi sağlayacağı beklenmektedir.
Farklı tuzluluk seviyelerinin bazı kamışsı yumak (F. arundinacea) çeşitlerin çimlenme ve erken fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi
Authors: Kızılsımsek Mustafa , Süren Eylul Nezahat
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu araştırma bazı çim tür ve çeşitlerinin farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarındaki performanslarının saptanması amacıyla laboratuvar şartlarında yürütülmüştür. Denemede bitki materyali olarak kamışsı yumak (Festuca arundinacea) türüne ait 3 çeşit (Starlet, Filippo ve Greenfront) bitkisel materyal olarak kullanılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Araştırmada farklı tuzluluk konsantrasyonu oluşturmak için KCI, NaCl, MgCl2 ve CaCl2 kullanılarak stok çözelti hazırlanmıştır. Kontrol uygulaması ile birlikte, 2 farklı elektriksel iletkenliğe (EC) sahip tuzluluk dozları (4 ve 8 dSm-1) çimlenme ortamında kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada fide boyu, fide radikula (kök) boyu, fide plumula (sap) boyu, fide yaş ağırlığı, fide radikula (kök) yaş ağırlığı, fide plumula (sap) yaş ağırlığı, fide kuru ağırlığı, fide radikula (kök) kuru ağırlığı, fide plumula (sap) kuru ağırlığı ve çimlenme oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir.Genel Yorum: Elde edilen sonuçlardan Festuca türüne ait çeşitlerin hafif ve orta derecede tuzluluk seviyelerine bile tolerans göstermediği belirlenmiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Festuca türüne ait çeşitlerin üzerinde olan bu tuz stresi çalışması yeşil alan tesisinde yol gösterici olması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışma ileriki çalışmalara kaynak oluşturma niteliğindedir.
The Effect of Efficient Market Hypothesis, Gambler's Fallacy, Familiarity Effect, Risk Perception, and Economic Factors on Investment Decisions (Studies on Capital Market Investors in Medan City)
Authors: Dewi Sucitra , . Erlina , Rini Endang Sulistya
Published: August 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of the efficient market hypothesis, gambler's fallacy, familiarity effect, risk perception, and economic factors on investment decisions. This research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were all capital market investors in Medan City. Determination of the research sample carries out by using judgment sampling technique and Malhotra theory so that 270 samples obtain. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the efficient market hypothesis, gambler's fallacy, familiarity effect, risk perception, and economic factors partially had a positive and significant impact on investment decision making. Other results, the efficient market hypothesis, gambler's fallacy, familiarity effect, risk perception, and economic factors simultaneously have a positive and significant impact on investment decision making.
Revised and New Proper Motions for Confirmed and Candidate Milky Way Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: McConnachie Alan W. , Venn Kim A.
Published: August 2020

A new derivation of systemic proper motions of Milky Way satellites is presented and applied to 59 confirmed or candidate dwarf galaxy satellites using Gaia Data Release 2. This constitutes all known Milky Way dwarf galaxies (and likely candidates) as of 2020 May, except for the Magellanic Clouds, the Canis Major and Hydra 1 stellar overdensities, and the tidally disrupting Bootes III and Sagittarius dwarf galaxies. We derive systemic proper motions for the first time for Indus 1, DES J0225+0304, Cetus 2, Pictor 2, and Leo T, but note that the latter three rely on photometry that is of poorer quality than that of the rest of the sample. We cannot resolve a signal for Bootes 4, Cetus 3, Indus 2, Pegasus 3, or Virgo 1. Our method is inspired by the maximum likelihood approach of Pace & Li and examines simultaneously the spatial, color–magnitude, and proper motion distribution of sources. Systemic proper motions are derived without the need to identify confirmed radial velocity members, although the proper motions of these stars, where available, are incorporated into the analysis through a prior on the model. The associated uncertainties on the systemic proper motions are on average a factor of ∼1.4 smaller than existing literature values. Analysis of the implied membership distribution of the satellites suggests that we accurately identify member stars with a contamination rate lower than 1 in 20.
Destin de la sensori-motricité et symbolisation institutionnelle dans des dispositifs de soin pour enfants psychotiques et autistes
Authors: Grondin Philippe , Brun Anne
Published: August 2020

Dans un cadre de psychothérapie institutionnelle pour enfants psychotiques et autistes, la constellation transférentielle se manifeste essentiellement sous la forme d’une associativité sensori-motrice et s’organise en chaîne de transferts par son déploiement au sein des différentes zones géographiques de l’institution. Les manifestations mimo-gesto-posturales des enfants, souvent interprétées comme des signes de destructivité majeure, produisent une trouée transférentielle dans la chaîne des transferts. Au cours de moments limites de la régulation, le vécu contre-transférentiel du clinicien va lui permettre de transformer ces faits divers en faits cliniques, et d’accompagner un jeu d’emboîtements de boucles réflexives et réfléchissantes dans l’organisation de la chaîne associative groupale. L’analyse de ces processus transféro-contre-transférentiels dans le cadre de réunions institutionnelles permettrait aux îlots moïques de ces enfants en attente de rassemblement, de se lier entre eux, en appui sur le déploiement pluri-focal de la chaîne contre-transférentielle des soignants. Le transfert du transfert s’avère ainsi le point nodal du soin institutionnel à partir de mise en scènes sensori-motrices .
Héritage familial du cancer et implication psychosomatique itérative
Authors: Diez María Laura , Eiguer Alberto
Published: August 2020

Ce travail aborde une recherche qui décrit et analyse les particularités du réseau intersubjectif et intrapsychique du patient atteint de cancer, qu’explore l’articulation entre les variables suivantes : antécédents familiaux de cancer, incidence et répétition de traumatismes (précoces et récents), référence à la typologie de la famille nucléaire, qu’elle soit œdipienne, anaclitique-dépressive, perverse ou narcissique. Il s’agit d’une étude qualitative, exploratoire et descriptive, avec un échantillonnage intentionnel non probabiliste, composé de dix patients adultes, présentant des cancers de localisations et de formes différentes, ainsi que des antécédents familiaux de cancer. Les données ont été recensées au cours de trois entretiens semi-structurés dont l’unité d’observation est focalisée sur la narration des patients. On en déduit que la vulnérabilité de ces patients est marquée à la fois par l’expérience de traumatismes douloureux anciens et récents, et par le fonctionnement de leur groupe familial (famille anaclitique-dépressive en huit cas et narcissique pour les deux autres). Un des cas cliniques et le génogramme d’un autre cas illustrent ces propos.
Effects of Doping on Zeta Potential and pH of Polyaniline Colloidal Suspension
Authors: Fuseini Mohammed , El-Shazly Ahmed Hassan , El-Kady Marwa Farouk
Published: August 2020

Polyaniline (PANI) has successfully been prepared by chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline monomer. The prepared polymer was confirmed by XRD. The conducting form of PANI known as emeraldine salt (ES) through different concentrations of formic acid; 0.4 mmol/ L, 2mmol/ L, 6 mmol/ L, 8 mmol/ L, 10 mmol/ L, and 12 mmol/L is prepared from its insulating emeraldine base (EB) by levels of doping. The objective is to establish a correlation between the levels of doping, the zeta potential of the suspension. Positive zeta potential values (24.75, 27, 33.25, 36.75, 40.50, and 42) mV were obtained for the various PANI suspension. This showed the acquisition of positive charges by the PANI after doping. The observation was made that zeta potential values increases as formic acid concentration increased. This was correlated using UV/VIS spectra and electrophoretic coating with the polyaniline suspensions.
Anodic Aqueous Electrophoretic Deposition of Graphene Oxide on Copper Using Different Cathode Materials
Authors: Hares Essam , El-Shazly Ahmed Hassan , El-Kady Marwa Farouk , Madih Kholoud , Orleans-Boham Hamdiya , Ali Abdallah Yousef Mohammed
Published: August 2020

The effect of four different cathode materials on the anodic deposition of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was studied experimentally. First, synthesis of graphite oxide from graphite powder was done by modified Hummers' method. Ultrasonic technique was adopted for the preparation of the stable aqueous suspension of GO by using liquid exfoliation of graphite oxide. Deposition of GO coating on copper sheets (the anode) was done via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) at the same operating condition (5V, 2 min, concentration of 0.5 mg/ml of GO per deionized water) with different cathode materials (copper, stainless steel, aluminum and graphite). The coatings’ morphological and microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the effect of the current density in the EPD process was obtained. The change in the deposition weight was also measured. It was ascertained that the cathode’s material is a major factor can affect the GO’s EPD process and the characteristics of the final coating.
Micro-Ribbons and Micro-Wires Silica Synthesis Using Bottom-Top Technique
Authors: Nabil Marwa , Motaweh Hussien A.
Published: August 2020

Silica is one of the most important materials used in many industries. The basic factor on which the selection process depends is the structural form, which is dependent on the various physical and chemical properties. One of the common methods in preparing pure silica is that it needs more than one stage to ensure the preparation process completion. The goal of this research is studying the nucleation technique (Bottom-top) for micro-wires and micro-ribbons silica synthesis. The silica nanoand microstructures are prepared using a duality (one step); a combination of alkali chemical etching process {potassium hydroxide (3 wt %) and n-propanol (30 Vol %)} and the ultra-sonication technique. In addition, the used materials in the preparation process are environmentally friendly materials that produce no harmful residues. The powder product is characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman spectrum and SEM for determining the shape of architectures. The most significant factor of the nucleation mechanism is the sonication time of silica powder production during the dual technique. The product stages are as follows; silica nanoparticles (21-38 nm), nanoclusters silica (46 – 67 nm), micro-wires silica (1.17 – 6.29 μm), and micro-ribbons silica (19.4 – 54.1 μm). It's allowing for use in environmental applications (multiple wastewater purification, multiple uses in air filters, as well as many industrial applications).
A Review on Titanium Dioxide Based Nanofluids: Synthesis and Stabilizing Techniques in Both “Pure (Single System) and Mixed (Hybrid System) Base Fluids”
Authors: Serour Nourwanda Mohamed , El-Shazly Ahmed Hassan , El-Gayar Dina Ahmed , Nosier Shaaban Attia
Published: August 2020

Nanofluids have been an attractive field of study due to its important effect on enhancing the thermal conductivity when used in heat transfer applications. Titanium dioxide based nanofluid specifically has been a focus of study due to its distinguished properties as it results in a very good heat transfer enhancement with low viscosity and low-pressure drop while maintaining a very good stability of dispersion for a long time. Also, Titanium dioxide is relatively cheap and non-toxic so using it as a nanofluid will be more economical and safer in many industries. This review represents the most recent synthesis methods of titanium dioxide based nanofluid in both pure and Mixed (hybrid system) base fluids along with the analysis of its properties and the outcome findings. All of which will be discussed in this paper coherently and thoroughly which will be a good reference and makes it easier for other researchers to investigate and choose the suitable synthesis conditions that give them the required nanofluid properties and stability.