bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversibility and Durability as Potential Indicators for Circular Building Technologies
Authors: Antonini Ernesto , Boeri Andrea , Lauria Massimo , Giglio Francesca
Published: September 2020

According to the Circularity Gap Report 2020, a mere 8.6% of the global economy wascircular in 2019. The Global Status Report 2018 declares that building construction and operationsaccounted for 36% of global final energy use and 39% of energy–related carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions. The Paris Agreement demands that the building and construction sector decarbonizesglobally by 2050. This requires strategies that minimize the environmental impact of buildingsand practices extending the lifecycle of their constituents within a circular resource flow. To ensurethat eective measures are applied, a suitable method is needed to assess compliance in materials,processes, and design strategies within circular economy principles. The study’s assumption is thatsynthetic and reliable indicators for that purpose could be based on reversibility and durabilityfeatures. The paper provides an overview of building design issues within the circular economyperspective, highlighting the diculty in finding circular technologies which are suitable to enhancebuildings’ service life while closing material loops. The results identify reversibility and durability aspotential indicators for assessing circular building technologies. The next research stage aims to furtherdevelop the rating of circularity requirements for both building technologies and entire buildings.
LED Lighting Installations in Professional Stadiums: Energy Efficiency, Visual Comfort, and Requirements of 4K TV Broadcast
Authors: Orejón-Sánchez Rami David , Hermoso-Orzáez Manuel Jesús , Gago-Calderón Alfonso
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, LED lighting technology reaches a higher Value of Energy Efficiency in Installations (VEEI) (W/m2*100 lux) than current luminaire lighting due to the number of lumens per watt that these are able to generate, as well as the directional nature of their emissions together with the adjustment capability through concentrator lenses with beam graduations that reach 5º. This achieves energy savings of up to 80%. Furthermore, also considering the substantial decrease in flickers, and that it noticeably improves usage of ultra-slow-motion cameras and the fading of switching-on or rearm times upon failure, LED technology stands out as the main solution for illumination of professional sports facilities. This article describes the evolution of regulatory requirements that are being imposed by the governing institutions of sports (FIFA, UEFA, FIBA, etc.) and professional leagues (LaLiga, Euroliga, etc.) in order to guarantee their competence as high-quality television products. In addition, the trends in requirements and specifications regarding lighting equipment and its installation, which are intended to convert stadiums into optimized centers for the celebration and dissemination of mass events, are analyzed (settings, photometry, etc.), particularly those concerning horizontal, vertical, and camera illuminance, average and extreme uniformities, glare, reduction of intrusive light in bleachers, flickers, color rendering index (CRI), correlated color temperature (CCT), and start-up times.
Incentive Mechanism for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal PPP Projects in China
Authors: Xu Xueguo , Xu Tingting , Gui Meizeng
Published: September 2020

In municipal solid waste disposal public–private-partnership (PPP) projects, economic benefits, as well as social and ecological benefits, are critical in sustaining sustainability development. However, private investors may make more efforts for economic benefits than for social and ecological benefits out of self-interest. Because the government does not have the same information that the investors have, information asymmetry leads to opportunistic behavior. To solve these problems, principal–agent models were established to analyze the incentive mechanism for encouraging investors to adopt a positive attitude toward both economic benefits and social and ecological benefits, inhibiting investors’ opportunistic behavior. In particular, numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the relationships between related parameters (c1,c2,ct,a,β,k,λ,p). The results show that the investors with higher comprehensive abilities are more willing to make efforts for social and ecological benefits. An increase in incentive and governance intensity would help to encourage investors to make more efforts for project benefits and to lower the level of opportunistic behavior adopted by investors. The complexity of the task and the fuzziness of the perception of effort input results aggravate the uncertainty and risk of the projects due to information asymmetry. Therefore, real-time and positive incentives are important. In order to ensure the social and ecological benefits of a project, performance standards should be set according to the actual situation; investors prefer fixed compensation with lower risk, but fixed compensation does not have incentive effect, and the proportion should not be too high.
A Data-Driven Approach to Trip Generation Modeling for Urban Residents and Non-local Travelers
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Linchao , Ding Fan , Tan Huachun , Ran Bin
Published: September 2020

Trip generation modeling is essential in transportation planning activities. Previous modeling methods that depend on traditional data collection methods are inefficient and expensive. This paper proposed a novel data-driven trip generation modeling method for urban residents and non-local travelers utilizing location-based social network (LBSN) data and cellular phone data and conducted a case study in Nanjing, China. First, the point of interest (POI) data of the LBSN were classified into various categories by the service type, then, four features of each category including the number of users, number of POIs, number of check-ins, and number of photos were aggregated by traffic analysis zones to be used as explanatory variables for the trip generation models. We used a random tree regression method to select the most important features as the model inputs, and the trip models were established based on the ordinary least square model. Then, an exploratory approach was used to test the performance of each combination of the variables with various test methods to identify the best model for residents’ and travelers’ trip generation functions. The results suggest land use compositions have significant impact on trip generations, and the trip generation patterns are different between urban residents and non-local travelers.
Rainfall and Human Impacts on Weathering Rates and Carbon-Nutrient Yields in the Watershed of a Small Mountainous River (Kaoping) in Southwestern Taiwan
Authors: Hung Jia-Jang , Yang Chun-Yi , Lai I-Jen , Li Yuan-Hui
Published: September 2020

This study presents the influence of rainfall and human perturbation on physical and chemical weathering rates, and carbon and nutrient yields in the basin of the Kaoping, a small mountainous river (SMR) in southwestern Taiwan. The study was derived principally from the spatial and temporal variability of aquatic geochemistry in the river during wet (1999–2000) and drought (2002) periods. The total, physical, and chemical weathering rates in the river basin ranged respectively from 4739, 3601, and 1138 g m−2 year−1 in the wet period to 1072, 656, and 416 g m−2 year−1 in the drought period, resulting mainly from a large difference in rainfall and river discharge between the two periods. The wet and drought periods were likely associated with La Niña and El Niño events, respectively. The weathering rates of the wet period were much higher than those reported from the world’s river basins, showing the unique characteristics of the SMR. The total carbon yield was derived mainly from dissolved inorganic carbon and was much higher in the wet period (140 g C m−2 year−1) than in the drought period (53.7 g C m−2 year−1). Taking silicate weathering (54.7 ± 10.2%) slightly over carbonate weathering (48.6 ± 9.5%) in determining dissolved ion loads, the Kaoping catchment may currently consume 0.155–0.298 MtC/year atmospheric CO2 without considering the CO2 released from chemical weathering. The nutrient yields were controlled mainly by human inputs but also enhanced by increased rainfall. Both regional and local climatic conditions and human impacts likely determined the weathering rates and total yields of carbon and nutrients. The SMRs may collectively contribute significantly to global fluxes of terrestrial sediments, geochemical matters, carbon, and nutrients to oceans.
Design and Validation of a Method to Characterize Human Interaction Variability
Authors: Cage Kailyn , Vaughn-Cooke Monifa , Fuge Mark
Published: September 2020

Human interactions are paramount to the user experience, satisfaction, and risk of user errors. For products, anthropometry has traditionally been used in product sizing. However, structured methods that accurately map static and dynamic capabilities (e.g., functional mapping) of musculoskeletal regions for the conceptualization and redesign of product applications and use cases are limited. The present work aims to introduce and validate the effectiveness of the Interaction Variability method, which maps product components and musculoskeletal regions to determine explicit design parameters through limiting designer variation in the classification of human interaction factors. This study enrolled 16 engineering students to evaluate two series of interactions for (1) water bottle and (2) sunglasses applications enabling method validity and designer consistency assessments. For each interaction series, subjects identified and characterized product applications, components, and human interaction factors. Primary interactions, product mapping, and application identification achieved consensus between ranges of 31.25% and 100.00%, with significance (p < 0.1) observed at consensus rates of ≥75.00%. Significant levels of consistency were observed amongst designers, for at least one measure in all phases except anthropometric mapping for the sunglasses application indicating method effectiveness. Interaction variability was introduced and validated in this work as a standardized approach to identify, define, and map human and product interactions, which may reduce unintended use cases and user errors, respectively, in consumer populations.
Effectiveness of a Simultaneous rHVT-F(ND) and rHVT-H5(AI) Vaccination of Day-Old Chickens and the Influence of NDV- and AIV-Specific MDA on Immune Response and Conferred Protection
Authors: Rauw Fabienne , Ngabirano Eva , Gardin Yannick , Palya Vilmos , Lambrecht Bénédicte
Published: September 2020

The recombinant herpesvirus of turkey (rHVT) vaccines targeting Newcastle disease (ND) and H5Nx avian influenza (AI) have been demonstrated efficient in chickens when used individually at day-old. Given the practical field constraints associated with administering two vaccines separately and in the absence of a currently available bivalent rHVT vector vaccine expressing both F(ND) and H5(AI) antigens, the aim of this study was to investigate whether interference occurs between the two vaccines when simultaneously administered in a single shot. The studies have been designed to determine (i) the ND and AI-specific protection and antibody response conferred by these vaccines inoculated alone or in combination at day-old, (ii) the influence of maternally-derived antibodies (MDA), and (iii) the potential interference between the two vaccine. Our results demonstrate that their combined administration is efficient to protect chickens against clinical signs of velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) and H5-highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections. Viral shedding following co-vaccination is also markedly reduced, while slightly lower NDV- and AIV-specific antibody responses are observed. NDV- and AIV-specific MDA show negative effects on the onset of the specific antibody responses. However, if AIV-specific MDA reduce the protection against H5-HPAIV induced by rHVT-H5(AI) vaccine, it was not observed for ND.
Electroporation as the Immunotherapy Strategy for Cancer in Veterinary Medicine: State of the Art in Latin America
Authors: Maglietti Felipe , Tellado Matías , De Robertis Mariangela , Michinski Sebastián , Fernández Juan , Signori Emanuela , Marshall Guillermo
Published: September 2020

Electroporation is a technology that increases cell membrane permeability by the application of electric pulses. Electrochemotherapy (ECT), the best-known application of electroporation, is a very effective local treatment for tumors of any histology in human and veterinary medicine. It induces a local yet robust immune response that is responsible for its high effectiveness. Gene electrotransfer (GET), used in research to produce a systemic immune response against cancer, is another electroporation-based treatment that is very appealing for its effectiveness, low cost, and simplicity. In this review, we present the immune effect of electroporation-based treatments and analyze the results of the vast majority of the published papers related to immune response enhancement by gene electrotransfer in companion animals with spontaneous tumors. In addition, we present a brief history of the initial steps and the state of the art of the electroporation-based treatments in Latin America. They have the potential to become an essential form of immunotherapy in the region. This review gives insight into the subject and helps to choose promising research lines for future work; it also helps to select the adequate treatment parameters for performing a successful application of this technology.
Akt+ IKKα/β+ Rab5+ Signalosome Mediate the Endosomal Recruitment of Sec61 and Contribute to Cross-Presentation in Bone Marrow Precursor Cells
Authors: Xu Dan Dan , Hu Chun Fang , You Xiang , Lu Nan Nan , Gao Feng Guang
Published: September 2020

Cross-presentation in dendritic cells (DC) requires the endosomal relocations of internalized antigens and the endoplasmic reticulum protein Sec61. Despite the fact that endotoxin-containing pathogen and endotoxin-free antigen have different effects on protein kinase B (Akt) and I-kappa B Kinase α/β (IKKα/β) activation, the exact roles of Akt phosphorylation, IKKα or IKKβ activation in endotoxin-containing pathogen-derived cross-presentation are poorly understood. In this study, endotoxin-free ovalbumin supplemented with endotoxin was used as a model pathogen. We investigated the effects of endotoxin-containing pathogen and endotoxin-free antigen on Akt phosphorylation, IKKα/β activation, and explored the mechanisms that the endotoxin-containing pathogen orchestrating the endosomal recruitment of Sec61 of the cross-presentation in bone marrow precursor cells (BMPC). We demonstrated that endotoxin-containing pathogen and endotoxin-free antigen efficiently induced the phosphorylation of Akt-IKKα/β and Akt-IKKα, respectively. Endotoxin-containing pathogen derived Akt+ IKKα/β+ Rab5+ signalosome, together with augmented the recruitment of Sec61 toward endosome, lead to the increased cross-presentation in BMPC. Importantly, the endosomal recruitment of Sec61 was partly mediated by the formation of Akt+ IKKα/β+ signalosome. Thus, these data suggest that Akt+ IKKα/β+ Rab5+ signalosome contribute to endotoxin-containing pathogen-induced the endosomal recruitment of Sec61 and the superior efficacy of cross-presentation in BMPC.
A Linearised Hybrid FE-SEA Method for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems Excited by Random and Harmonic Loadings
Authors: Fazzolari Fiorenzo A. , Tan Puxue
Published: September 2020

The present paper proposes a linearised hybrid finite element-statistical energy analysis (FE-SEA) formulation for built-up systems with nonlinear joints and excited by random, as well as harmonic, loadings. The new formulation was validated via an ad-hoc developed stochastic benchmark model. The latter was derived through the combination of the Lagrange-Rayleigh-Ritz method (LRRM) and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Within the build-up plate systems, each plate component was modelled by using the classical Kirchhoff’s thin-plate theory. The linearisation processes were carried out according to the loading-type. In the case of random loading, the statistical linearisation (SL) was employed, while, in the case of harmonic loading, the method of harmonic balance (MHB) was used. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid FE-SEA formulation, three different case studies, made-up of built-up systems with localized cubic nonlinearities, were considered. Both translational and torsional springs, as joint components, were employed. Four different types of loadings were taken into account: harmonic/random point and distributed loadings. The response of the dynamic systems was investigated in terms of ensemble average of the time-averaged energy.
Characterization of Flowpath Using Geochemistry and 87Sr/86Sr Isotope Ratios in the Yalahau Region, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: McKay Jessica , Lenczewski Melissa , Leal-Bautista Rosa Maria
Published: September 2020

The Yalahau region, located in the northeastern portion of the Yucatán Peninsula, hosts a series of elongated depressions trending north/south in the direction of Isla Holbox, identified as the Holbox Fracture Zone. Previous studies have explored the geomorphology and various hydrologic characteristics of the Yucatán Peninsula; however, there is a paucity of data concerning the interior region where the fractures are located. Strontium isotope ratios and major ion geochemistry data of the surface water and groundwater of this region serve as a hydrogeochemical fingerprint, aiding in constraining the hydrological boundaries, determining flow paths, and characterizing hydrogeochemical processes that impact the composition of the groundwater within the region. 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios indicate a different signature than the surrounding bedrock Sr ratio, suggesting that the flow throughout the Yalahau region is moving through channels faster than that of much of the Yucatán. Through major ion geochemistry and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios, we were able to delineate at least two flow paths within the Yalahau region and identify a point of saline intrusion at least 35 km from the coast. Gaining an understanding of the hydrogeochemistry and water flow regions is crucial in determining the impact of various activities (e.g., extensive tourism, drinking water withdrawal, wastewater discharge/injection) that occur within the Yucatán Peninsula.
Agricultural Diffuse Pollution and the EU Water Framework Directive: Problems and Progress in Governance
Authors: Boezeman Daan , Wiering Mark , Crabbé Ann
Published: September 2020

Progress has been made on improving Europe’s water quality. Nevertheless, there is much scepticism as to whether the goals of the European Water Framework Directive will be realised by 2027. Addressing diffuse agricultural sources of pollution remains a persistent problem. The Special Issue “Water Quality and Agricultural Diffuse Pollution in Light of the EU Water Framework Directive” aims to advance the understanding of the different governance arrangements European Member States developed to address this problem. The contributions in this Special Issue focus on governance arrangements in Denmark, England, Flanders/Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Poland, The Netherlands, Norway and Scotland. The contributions address three themes. First, the contributions signal serious concerns with policy integration across policy domains. Second, it appears to be tough to prioritise source-based measures over effect-based measures of all sorts despite the principles embedded in the Directive. Third, scientific knowledge is an important ally for water interests, yet politicisation in power struggles looms. The contributions in the Special Issue offer reflections on the open, participatory, experimentalist governance that the WFD exemplifies. While most authors agree that this path is attractive and appropriate in some respects, questions can be raised as to whether it also avoids confrontations and hampers the effectiveness of policies.
Monitoring Approaches for Faecal Indicator Bacteria in Water: Visioning a Remote Real-Time Sensor for E. coli and Enterococci
Authors: Offenbaume Kane L. , Bertone Edoardo , Stewart Rodney A.
Published: September 2020

A comprehensive review was conducted to assess the current state of monitoring approaches for primary faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) E. coli and enterococci. Approaches were identified and examined in relation to their accuracy, ability to provide continuous data and instantaneous detection results, cost, environmental awareness regarding necessary reagent release or other pollution sources, in situ monitoring capability, and portability. Findings showed that several methods are precise and sophisticated but cannot be performed in real-time or remotely. This is mainly due to their laboratory testing requirements, such as lengthy sample preparations, the requirement for expensive reagents, and fluorescent tags. This study determined that portable fluorescence sensing, combined with advanced modelling methods to compensate readings for environmental interferences and false positives, can lay the foundations for a hybrid FIB sensing approach, allowing remote field deployment of a fleet of networked FIB sensors that can collect high-frequency data in near real-time. Such sensors will support proactive responses to sudden harmful faecal contamination events. A method is proposed to enable the development of the visioned FIB monitoring tool.
Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Dispne Şiddeti ve Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: HELVACI Aylin , IZGU Nur , ÖZDEMİR Leyla
Published: September 2020

Amaç: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tasarımla yürütülen bu araştırma kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığında (KOAH) dispne şiddeti ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntem: Araştırma 6 Kasım-15 Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında iki üniversite hastanesinin dahiliye ve göğüs hastalıkları birimine başvuran KOAH tanılı 145 hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma verileri hasta bilgi formu ve Dispne-12 ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlatıcı istatistikler (sayı, yüzde, ortanca, çeyrekler) Kruskal Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortancası 66,0 olup, çoğunluğunu erkek (%74,5) ve evre 3 KOAH tanısı ile izlenen (%37,2) bireyler oluşturmuştur. Bu araştırmada, dispne şiddetinin kadınlarda, gelir durumu düşük olan ve çalışmayan bireylerde daha yüksek olduğu ve sigara paket/yılı arttıkça dispne şiddetinin arttığı belirlenmiştir (p
Methods for Acrolein Detection: Recent Advances and Applications
Authors: Pradipta Ambara R. , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: September 2020

Acrolein holds excellent potential as a critical biomarker in various oxidative stress-related diseases, and direct measurement of acrolein in biological systems is becoming essential to provide information for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we will discuss some available techniques for the detection of acrolein from biological samples. A conventional analytical method for the detection of acrolein by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis after derivatization with 3-aminophenol is available. However, it is not suitable for high-throughput assay and inconvenient for measurement in clinical practice. On the other hand, we have recently discovered that phenyl azide can rapidly and selectively react with acrolein in a click manner to provide 4-formyl-1,2,3-triazoline through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Moreover, we have successfully utilized this acrolein-azide click reaction as a simple and robust method for detecting and visualizing acrolein generated by live cells. Herein, we will describe our reaction-based acrolein sensor and its application to detect and visualize breast cancer tissues. We utilized the azide-acrolein click reaction-based method to discriminate breast cancer lesion from the normal breast gland, which resected from breast cancer patients. This method is the first example of an organic synthetic chemistry-based approach that can be used not only to visualize the cancer tissue but also to distinguish morphology of the resected tissue only within a few minutes. It has a potential clinical application for breast-conserving surgery. Furthermore, the ability to perform chemical reactions with cancer metabolites only at the desired cancer site is highly advantageous for cancer therapy.
Dişi ve Erkek Lepistes Balıklarında (Poecilia reticulata) Farklı Dozlarda Uygulanan Karanfil Yağının Anestezik Etkisi
Authors: YAĞCILAR Çetin , YAŞAR Tuba Özge , YARDIMCI Mehmet
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada, erkek ve dişi lepistes (Poecilia reticulata) balıklarda farklı oranlarda uygulanan karanfil yağının anestezik etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Anestezik etkinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yetişkin erkek ve dişi balıklar kullanılmıştır. Karanfil yağı konsantrasyonları erkek ve dişi balıklarda ayrı ayrı olarak litreye 0.5, 1, 1.5 ve 2 ml olacak şekilde dozlar belirlenmiştir. Deneme sırasında balıklarda anesteziye giriş ve çıkış süreleri ile canlı ağırlık ve toplam boy uzunluğu ölçülmüştür. Denemeden 48 saat sonra ise farklı dozlarda uygulanan karanfil yağının balıklardaki etkileri gözlenmiştir. Anesteziye giriş süresi erkeklerde sırasıyla 154.93±6.2, 136.07±5.3 ve 110.40±3.5 sn, anesteziden çıkış 330.20±12.8, 443.20±29.4 ve 603.87±17.0 sn olarak tespit edilirken; dişilerde anesteziye giriş süresi 123.03±4.9, 109.50±3.2 ve 89.20±3.0 sn, anesteziden çıkış ise 186.20±9.0, 216.70±8.8 ve 249.67±8.9 sn olarak belirlenmiştir. Erkek ve dişi cinsiyetler arasında anlamlı düzeyde bulunan istatistiksel fark, erkeklerin anesteziye daha geç girdikleri ve geç çıktıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, karanfil yağının lepistes erkek ve dişi balıklarda her üç dozda da etkin olarak kullanılabileceği ve herhangi bir zararlı etkiye yol açmadığı görülmüştür.
Cyprinus carpio’da Bakırın Solungaç Dokusunda Birikimi ve Na/K İyon Düzeylerine Etkisi
Authors: ÇOĞUN Hikmet Yeter , KARGIN Ferit
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada farklı bakır ortam derişimlerinin etkisine farklı sürelerle bırakılan Cyprinus carpio’nun solungaç dokusunda bakır birikimi ve bakırın Na+ ve K+- iyon düzeylerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Balıklar 0.1, 0.5 ve 1.0 mg/L Cu derişimlerine 10, 20 ve 30 günlük sürelerle bırakılarak solungaç dokularındaki bakır birikimi ile sodyum ve potasyum iyon düzeyleri Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrofotometrik yöntemle saptanmıştır. Bakırın 1.0 mg/L derişiminin etkisinde 30. gün sonunda balıkların tümü ölmüştür. C. carpio’nun solungaç dokusunda bakır birikimi derişim artışına ve sürenin uzamasına bağlı olarak arttığı belirlenmiştir. C. carpio’da denenen tüm koşullarda bakır, solungaç Na+ ve K+ düzeyini azaltmıştır.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE IDOSOS COM DOENÇA RELACIONADA AO HIV NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2015 A 2019
Authors: Cavalcanti Rodrigues Raissa , Flávia Henriques Ribeiro Monteiro Ana , Paula Monteiro do Nascimento Ana , Galvão Araújo Lucas , Louis Rodrigues Cavalcante Mateus , Medeiros Gomes Cavalcanti Paloma
Published: September 2020

OBJETIVO: Descrever perfil epidemiológico de idosos com doença relacionada ao HIV no período de 2015 a 2019 no Brasil. MÉTODO: Utilizou-se a base de dados do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) através do tabulador Tabnet, além de artigos encontrados no PUBMED e SciELO para estudo e correlação com os dados pesquisados. RESULTADOS: O total de número de internações de idosos com doença relacionada ao HIV no período de 2015-2019 foi de 10535. Destes, 62,35% são do sexo masculino e 37,65% são do sexo feminino. Foi verificado um crescimento contínuo no número total de pessoas, havendo um aumento no valor total comparado ao intervalo de 10 anos. Em relação às áreas geográficas, a Região Sul é a que tem maior incidência, seguida pela Região Sudeste. Com menor incidência, está a Região Norte. Em relação às unidades da federação, a maior incidência está entre os estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Logo após, está o estado de Rondônia. Com menor incidência, está o estado do Amazonas. CONCLUSÃO: Devido à negligência dos profissionais de saúde dessa população estudada e do atraso no diagnóstico esse grupo é exposto mais facilmente a infecções secundárias que podem ser inviáveis à vida. Necessitando, portanto, de relevância e conhecimento acerca dessa patologia nesse grupo populacional que vem sendo constantemente ignorado e que tem uma progressão no número de internamentos ao longo dos últimos anos.

Palavras chave: Brasil. HIV. Idoso. Infecção.
Low-income Families Guide Innovation: Application of Human-Centered Design
Authors: de Jong Daan , Atkinson Alicia
Published: September 2020

The Prosperity Agenda (TPA) is a nonprofit organization whose human-centered design process centers on the belief that all people are resilient and resourceful. From 2016 to 2019, with support from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, they collaborated with the Washington State Department of Commerce to design and implement a new program to encourage two-generational savings among families receiving social welfare assistance. Innovative classroom events focused on savings were a direct outgrowth of TPA’s work with families experiencing poverty. The positive results of the yearlong pilot confirmed the idea that an intervention rooted in human-centered design and guided by both the experiential wisdom of low-income families and the deep expertise of event facilitators would help families build financial resilience.
Analyzing the Landscape: Community Organizing and Health Equity
Authors: García Jennifer J. , Grills Cheryl , Villanueva Sandra , Lane Karren A. , Takada-Rooks Curtiss , Hill Christopher D.
Published: September 2020

In this paper we describe landscape analysis, a participatory research method for public health scholars interested in identifying and elucidating trends, opportunities, and gaps in the field. We used this method to understand the environmental and social conditions of primarily under-resourced communities of color, and identify key organizing strategies and practices used by community organizers to fight for policy and systems change around childhood health equity issues. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we developed and implemented a structured landscape analysis process among a national sample of 45 community-based organizations (CBOs). We discuss in detail our sampling procedures, protocol development, and analysis process. The resulting landscape analysis revealed similar challenges (e.g., lack of adequate housing, poor early childhood education resources) across diverse communities, and the best practices and innovative solutions used by CBOs to address these challenges. The landscape analysis process underscores the important role that social justice grassroots CBOs play in addressing the root causes of health inequity even though they may not identify, or be identified, as “public health” organizations.
Creating and Applying the Coalition Vitality Assessment Tool: A Brief Report
Authors: Goldstein Marc B. , Grodzki Dawn , Mason Lisa , Daviau John , Moran Stephanie , Sienna Melissa , Smith Bonnie Weyland , Miskell Christine , Chanana Nina
Published: September 2020

This report describes the efforts of a technical assistance organization to build coalition capacity among 20 substance use prevention coalitions using a tool developed via eight principles of participatory research methods. Preliminary application of the self-assessment measure and feedback from coalitions suggests its value in strengthening coalition functioning.
The Cost of Youth Voices: Comparing the Feasibility of Youth GO Against Focus Groups
Authors: Stacy Sara T. , Castro K. Malulani , Acevedo-Polakovich Ignacio D.
Published: September 2020

Despite the value and impact of meaningfully engaging youth within evaluation and research, many barriers to their engagement within community-based projects exist. In light of these barriers, Youth Generate and Organize (Youth GO) is a participatory approach for integrating youth in research and evaluation that responds to the practical limitations and constraints within community contexts. In this study, we examine the feasibility and saliency of Youth GO, by comparing this approach against traditional focus groups, an established and engaging qualitative method. To compare these two approaches, we implemented a field-based double-blind active comparison trial whereby facilitators and youth were assigned to participate in one of two conditions—Youth GO or a focus group. We examined both conditions on implementation fidelity, implementation cost, and self-reported perceptions from adult facilitators and youth perspectives. Results indicate that when compared to focus groups, Youth GO represents an equally effective—albeit more cost and time efficient—participatory qualitative method for researchers and practitioners that desire to collaborate with youth. Insights from the current study aim to foster the advancement of methods that engage youth in research and evaluation yet respond to the needs and resources present within community settings.
CORE: Compassion Oriented Reflection and Engagement to Guide Academic-Community Partnership
Authors: Chou Tommy , Frazier Stacy L.
Published: September 2020

Estimates in dissemination, implementation, and services (DIS) research continue to present a 17-year lag for implementation of only 14% of evidence-based clinical services and technologies in practice (Chambers, 2018) – especially troubling for communities characterized by disproportionately high rates of poverty, crime and mental health need (Yoshikawa, Aber, & Beardslee, 2012). Academic-community partnerships offer pathways by which to speed the transport of evidence-based innovations; however, a range of challenges can disrupt implementation and adoption (Damschroder et al., 2009). This manuscript presents Compassion-Oriented Reflection and Engagement (CORE), a framework to inform academic collaborators’ perspectives and practices towards building flexible, responsive partnerships with youth-serving community-based organizations.
All-optical modulator based on graphene-photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Fu Guangwei , Cui Yongzhao , Fu Xinghu , Jin Wa , Bi Weihong
Published: September 2020

An all-optical modulator based on graphene-photonic crystal fiber (G-PCF) is demonstrated, where the G-PCF is fabricated by directly growing graphene onto inner hole walls of the PCF with atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. A 1550 nm pump laser is used to induce all-optical intensity modulation of probe light. A G-PCF with a length of 2 cm achieves a significant modulation depth of 2.58 dB under a low pump power of 60 mW at wavelength of 895 nm. The flexible structure and all-optical control enable the G-PCF to have great potential in all-optical devices and photonics.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BOS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU DI SDN BABAKAN KADU KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Nugraha Yudha sanjaya Surya
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pengaruh Implementasi Kebijakan Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) berkenaan dengan peningkatan Kinerja Guru di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Babakankadu di Kota Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Studi Kasus dengan metode penelitian Kualitatif karena penelitian ini melihat dan mendiskripsikan situasi sosial berupa implementasi kebijakan dana BOS di SD N Babakankadu Kota Tasikmalaya, memahami arti setiap peristiwa yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan kebijakan beserta kendala dan cara mengatasinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Implementasi Kebijakan Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) berkenaan dengan peningkatan Kinerja Guru di SD Negeri Babakankadu di Kota Tasikmalaya, memberi pengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja guru.

 

Kata kunci: Bantuan Operasional Sekolah; Kinerja Guru; Implementasi kebijakan
Penerapan Dynamic System Development Method Pada Sistem Monitoring Status Gizi Balita
Authors: Tumini Tumini , Sugiyanti Sugiyanti
Published: September 2020

Kondisi gizi pada balita sangat penting untuk diperhatikan oleh para orang tua. Agar para orang tua dapat mengetahui pertumbuhan tubuh serta kondisi gizi balita dan mencegah resiko yang memungkinkan terjadi jika balita mengalami ganguan terhadap gizinya terutama di Posyandu Seruni 11. Pentingnya orang tua mengetahui status gizi balita dengan mudah maka diperlukan suatu sistem yang mudah di akses untuk mengetahui status gizi balita. Maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat suatu sistem menggunakan metode Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM) dan framework CodeIgniter yang memudahkan petugas ataupun orang tua untuk mengetahui status gizi balita dengan cepat dan mudah di akses. Pengimplementasian sistem dibagi untuk bagian admin atau petugas dari posyandu Seruni 11 dan untuk orang tua balita atau user. Pada pengujian uji kelayakan kuesioner didapatkan hasil pengujian berupa nilai 73,80 % untuk menu admin dan 91,51% untuk menu user. Hasil pengujian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem ini layak untuk digunakan.
Pembangunan Sistem Informasi Tracer Study Alumni Pada Program Studi Informatika Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
Authors: Oktavian Rizky Bayu , Hendro Tachbir , Hadiana Asep Id
Published: September 2020

Tracer Study adalah suatu mekanisme yang dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak untuk melacak alumni dalam rangka untuk mengukur relevansi tujuan dan proses pendidikan dengan kondisi alumni saat ini. Tracer Study dilakukan antara 1-3 tahun setelah lulus dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui outcome pendidikan dalam bentuk transisi dari dunia pendidikan tinggi ke dunia kerja. Customer Relationship Management ( CRM ) adalah strategi bisnis dengan menerapkan teknologi informasi pada perusahaan secara komprehensif, handal, dan terintegrasi. dengan begitu semua proses dan interaksi saling membantu mempertahankan dan mengembangkan hubungan yang bermanfaat. BAN – PT merupakan satu-satunya badan akreditasi yang memperoleh wewenang dari Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan tinggi. Kegiatan penelusuran alumni juga merupakan pemenuhan standar yang telah dipersyaratkan oleh Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi (BAN PT). Kurangnya umpan balik ( feedback ) dari alumni dengan jurusan mengakibatkan jurusan kesulitan untuk melakukan pelacakan terhadap alumni yang sudah lulus dan juga mempertahankan alumni untuk selalu mengupdate informasi mereka merupakan suatu hal yang sulit untuk dilakukan , padahal alumni merupakan produk keluaran dari suatu institusi pendidikan, yang mana kualitas alumni menunjukan kualitas dari institusi pendidikan tersebut. Serta tidak adanya suatu wadah yang dapat membantu mahasiswa aktif dalam mendapatkan informasi tentang dunia kerja bidang informatika. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah membangun sebuah perangkat lunak sistem informasi tracer study di Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani yang diharapkan dapat membantu jurusan dalam mengelola feedback dari alumni dan sebagai wadah untuk bertukar informasi antara alumni dengan sesama alumni maupun dengan mahasiswa aktif.
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes PENYEBAB JERAWAT
Authors: Fitriyanti Fitriyanti , NorHavid M. Fahrul Ricky , Ramadhan Hafiz
Published: September 2020

Pepaya terkenal sebagai tanaman berkhasiat yang dapat menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit, salah satunya biji Pepaya yang dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa apa saja yang terkandung dalam biji Pepaya, dan bagaimana pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak etanol

70% biji Pepaya terhadap daya hambat bakteri P. acnes. Pada uji efektivitas ini metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode difusi sumuran. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak etanol 70% biji papaya terhadap penghambatan bakteri p acnes. Berdasarkan hasil skrining fitokimia, ekstrak positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil uji efektivitas ekstrak etanol 70% biji pepaya dengan konsentrasi 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, dan 20% menggunakan metode difusi sumuran menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% biji Pepaya dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri P. acnes dengan kemampuan menghambat tertinggi pada konsentrasi 100% yaitu sebesar 8,083 mm (kategori sedang). Sedangkan konsentrasi terendah yaitu 20% dengan zona hambat sebesar 3,383 mm (kategori lemah).
GAMBARAN PERLAKUAN MOBILISASI DINI TERHADAP INVOLUTIO UTERI PADA POST SECTIO CAESAREA DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM KAB TANGERANG TAHUN 2016
Authors: Suyatini Suyatini , Suartini Endang
Published: September 2020

Background This study is still high Postpartum mothers through Sectio Caesarea at Tangerang District General Hospital 2016 (65.9%) and the implementation of early mobilization by 67% and not mobilization (33%) as a problem is whether early mobilization has an influence on the involution uterine postpartum mothers with Sectio Caesarea   

research objective is to obtain an information depiction of early mobilization against involution uterus, results penelitian can be inmanfaatright by hospitals and other researchers 

design study a descriptive to look at the picture of early mobilization terhadap involution of the uterus research performed in Tangerang District Public Hospital in September to November 2016 population of this study was Postpartum mothers with Sectio Caesarea in Tangerang District General Hospital, while samples were taken using Non Probability Sampling (Non Random) using Accidental Sampling with inclusion criteria Postpartum mothers with Sectio Caesarea who were treated for at least 3 days and maternal exclusion criteria Postpartum suffering from Chronic disease, data were collected using observation sheets, data were processed and analyzed by Univariate and Bivariate.

results Early Showed Mobilization have an impact on involution uteri, discussion connect with expert opinion and factors physiological reproductive and opinions of researchers, the advice given to the hospital and midwife in the inpatient unit.

 

Keywords: Early Mobilization, Uterine Involution, Pre and Post, Average, Caesarean Section
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KURSI PERSALINAN BC-MK15 TERHADAP KETIDAKNYAMANAN BIDAN DALAM PERTOLONGAN PERSALINAN
Authors: Sutianingsih Hani , Mose Johanes C , Husin Farid
Published: September 2020

Midwife has risks in their work, such as at first stage delivery care, they have risk of unnatural work posture, while in the second and third stage midwife experiences a body irregularity which can be seen in the spinal segment and postural instability. Unusual work postures continuously can cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). The etiology of musculoskeletal disorders is very complicated and controversial, so the lack of information can lead to more difficult risk management, but by detecting discomfort is very useful as an indicator of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, thus minimizing the discomfort may contribute to reducing risk of musculoskeletal disorders, since both are known associated with exposure to the musculoskeletal system by biomechanical loads. The importance of the ergonomics aspect for the midwife to reduce the discomfort of the body in doing it’s work, is strongly supported by the appropriate facilities such as the BC-MK15 birth chair.

This research is quasi experimental with simple random sampling, subject is divided into two groups, intervention and control (22 midwives each group) who work at Puskesmas Garuda, Puter and Ibrahim Adji Bandung. Discomfort scoring using Body Part Discomfort Scale (BPDS). Statistical test using Kolmogorov -Smirnov analysis to see the difference of discomfort between treatment and control group for each stage of delivery care, and Chi-Square test to see the effect between the two study groups also Mann-Whitney test  to see the discomfort diffrences between each group for the whole stage of delivery care (stage I-III). The significance level been decided for p <0.05 . The results showed that there was an effect of the use of the BC-MK15 birth chair to the midwife discomfort level  for each body part in every stage during delivery care, and there was a lower median rate of discomfort in the intervention group compare to the control group The conclusion was the use of BC-MK15 birth chairs can decrease midwife discomfort for every stage during delivery care in the intervention group compare to the control group.
UMUR AKSEPTOR MEMPENGARUHI EFEK SAMPING PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI IUD
Authors: Mesra Erna
Published: September 2020

Gerakan KB Nasional  untuk mewujudkan Keluarga Kecil Bahagia Sejahtera (NKKBS)  terwujudnya masyarakat  sejahtera melalui pengendalian kelahiran dan pertumbuhan penduduk Indonesia. Pengendalian kelahiran dengan kontrasepsi. Kontrasepsi IUD adalah cara untuk mencegah terjadinya kehamilan. Di Indonesia penggunaan suntik KB terbanyak 47,94% , pil KB, ketiga spiral atau IUD (Intra Uterine Device) implan, kondom, terakhir adalah Metode Operasi Wanita dan Metode Operasi Pria.1 Metode konstrasepsi IUD dinilai efektif/ kontrasepsi jangka panjang, dapat digunakan dalam waktu lama. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui distribusi akseptor KB IUD yang mengalami efek samping dan faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan efek samping KB IUD. Disain penelitian cross sectional sampel 84 responden. Kesimpulan kejadian efek samping 30.3%, ada hubungan bermakna umur, paritas, pekerjaan, pengetahuan dan lama pemakaian, variabel paling dominan adalah umur p value 0,000 dan OR 19,39.Pengaruh umur > 35 tahun mempunyai peluang terjadi efek samping 19,39 kali dibandingkan dengan umur < 35 tahun. Saran untuk  perempuan / akseptor umur > 35 tahun dan tidak menginginkan anak lagi agar mempertimbangkan memilih kontrasepsi Mantap untuk mengakhiri proses reproduksi.
INFLUENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF NIFAS COUNSELING MODULES ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND SKILLS ENHANCEMENT MIDWIFE COUNSELING
Authors: Fazlaini Risna
Published: September 2020

One of the competencies of midwife is responsible to give care during the postpartum period according to women’s individual need. In providing postpartum care, midwives should be able to detect of complications, thereby reducing morbidity and maternal mortality. Counseling is one of the interventions that can be given to the mother. Postpartum counseling module is a module that was designed and compiled based on literature review as a guide to help midwives provide counseling on postpartum mothers. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of implementation of postpartum counseling module to increase knowledge, attitudes and counseling skills of midwives.

The study is analitic with quasi experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. A sample size of 42 people that divided into two groups, 21 people in intervention group and 21 people in control group using stratified random sampling technique in the period January 16-February 25, 2017 conducted in Tegal. Data were analyzed by using t-test to examine the average increase scores of knowledge, attitudes and skills before and after training module on intervention group and before and after submission of KIA book in the control group. Mann-Whitney test to analyzed the comparison of the average increase score of knowledge, attitude and skills of midwives between the two groups. Instrument which is used in this study were questionnaire to measure knowledge and attitudes and observation sheet to assess the counseling skills of midwives

The result showed that the average increase in score of knowledge 50% (p<0,05), attitude 40% (p<0,05), and midwife counseling skill 99,7% (p<0,05) in the treatment group is higher than control group with percentage increase of 0% (p>0,05) on knowledge, 0% (p>0,05) on attitude and 0% (p>0,05) on skills. The conclusion is score of knowledge, attitudes and skills of midwife counseling in the treatment group higher than control group. The optimal use of the postpartum counseling module by midwife is expected to improve the quality care in counseling during postpartum period.

Keyword: Attitude, Counseling, Module, Knowledge, Skill, Postpartum