bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mechanisms of initiative projects stimulating
Authors: Barkalov S A , Burkov V N , Chodunov A M , Daulbaeva Z M , Akinina Ju S
Published: November 2020

The mechanisms of stimulating initiative projects are considered. In terms of content, these can be mechanisms for stimulating social projects, volunteer movements, etc. Each project has an assessment of value obtained by an expert. To stimulate projects allocated a certain fund. This fund is distributed in proportion to the values of the projects implemented. Each project performer has an estimate of minimum remuneration, depending on the value of the projects. Various models of project performers’ behavior are investigated. In the first model, the performer performs all projects total remuneration for which is not less than the minimum value. In the second model, the performer minimizes the difference between the received remuneration and its minimum value.
Advanced nonlinear statistics reveals the relations between anthropometry and bioimpedance of physique in post-surgery complications of the patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Gorbunova E A , Medvedeva N N , Zukov R A , Sadovsky M G
Published: November 2020

Smart analysis of multidimensional data of the physical development of patients with gastric cancer is carried out through the implementation of non-linear up-to-date technique of statistical analysis that is elastic map method. It is shown the data on physique reveal the dynamics of the disease, and support a prognosis for the outcome.
Analysis and preliminary classification of social network communities by the degree of attitude to the conflict
Authors: Chengar O V , Shevchenko V I , Maschenko E N , Obolensky D M , Soina A S
Published: November 2020

This article is based on the researches, those aim is to solve an interdisciplinary fundamental scientific problem – the study of big data analysis technologies for developing scenarios of communication mechanisms formation for working with Internet communities in order to reintegrate a post-conflict society, for example, Ukraine. The strategy is based on the method of classification of VK user communities relying on keywords.
On calculation and assessment of machine reliability
Authors: Kokieva G E , Voinash S A , Maksimovich K Y , Sokolova V A , Ivanov A A , Panov A Y
Published: November 2020

Problems of durability and reliability of machines are of interest not only to scientific constructors and mechanical engineers but also to consumers who operate machines, organize their maintenance and repair. Durability is associated with machine downtime caused by need to determine its performance. Since at the same ones, relatively simple tuning and adjustment operations were performed, and in another, complex installation work is required with replacement of road, parts, and assemblies. Qualitatively, reliability is defined as a property of a mechanical system (machine) to execute, without fail for a specified time, amount of established work, subject to rules of operation. Machines failures are divided into two groups: apparent - accompanying breakdowns of parts, rupture of kinematic chains, destruction of joints; implicit - manifested in deviation of dimensions or parameters that determine quality of work of parts from established or permissible values. The article describes research methodology, which is carried out by quantitative characteristics of reliability of elements. Quantitatively, reliability is determined by probability of completing a task in a timely manner with appropriate quality of work. Then failure rate is determined which shows what proportion of parts from their total number fails during the period under review. Analysis ofequipment failures during periodic tests showed that significant number of them are caused by imperfection and imbalance of established design rules and standards. Thus, it can be noted that reliability is an important indicator, but not sufficient for a full characteristic. The machine must be evaluated for maintainability and durability.
Research of high-speed high-performance and small-sized screw conveyors-grain loaders
Authors: Kokieva G E , Voinash S A , Khamarova S V , Kalimullin M N , Sokolova V A , Alekseeva E A , Kebko V D
Published: November 2020

Currently, agricultural enterprises are offered many conveyors of various typesfor the mechanization of loading and unloading works during cropmovement. The article presents studies of a method of increasing performance of a screw type conveyor allowing to create a small-sized design by increasing its revolutions. It investigates workmechanism, describesoperational technology of conveyors-grain and work disadvantages, namely, problematicgrain transportation over long distances along a spatial route or complication of technological scheme. Loading directly from pile may require manual labor or additional equipment. It is noted that increase in performance with increase in rotor revolutions (from 400 to 1100 rpm) occurs up to a point, after which revolutions increase, and performance decreases. In order to increase screw performance, it is necessary to accelerate material axial advance, i.e. to stretch ascending and, especially, falling material trajectorybranches at high speeds, with bulky material (grain), cast by centrifugal force to inner pipe surface, filling the grooves. Since their locationis close to each other (at 30°), surface braking layer is formed, which decreases circumferential speed component of absolute movement of grain andincreases the axial one. In order to increase screw performance, it is necessary to accelerate material axial advance, i.e. stretch ascending and, especially, falling material trajectorybranches. Further studies will contribute to finding new ways to increase speed coefficient K
υ
and coefficient ψ and create high-speed, high-performance, and small-sized screw conveyors-grain loaders.
Impact assessment of cutting velocity on specific energy consumption of ice fracture process with sharp disc
Authors: Ganzha V A , Voskresensky G G , Kaizer Yu F , Lunev A S , Ganzha A V , Satyshev A S , Karelin E N , Chavyraa Ch D
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the working attachments of road machines and their adaptation to work in various conditions, due to the group equipping with single saw blades placed according to specially developed schemes. The main results of studies of the processes of interaction of a saw blade moving in space with a variable speed with ice during its mechanical destruction are presented. The conditions for conducting experimental studies, the composition and general structure of the main and auxiliary laboratory equipment used are described. The main results of laboratory research are stated. Taking these results into account, the specific energy intensity of the process under study was calculated, the graphs of the dependence of the specified parameter on the cutting speed were plotted, and conclusions were formulated on the work. The substantiation of rational operating parameters of saw blades is given, which ensure the minimum specific energy consumption of the process under study.
Mathematical model of motion of a controlled vehicle on a plan moving in a medium with a quadratic resistance
Authors: Generalova Aleksandra A , Kireev Sergey Yu , Bychkov Dmitriy S , Nikulin Artem A , Generalov Konstantin A
Published: November 2020

This article offers a mathematical model for describing vehicle control, which allows you to determine the areas of possible positions of the vehicle in space on a flat surface for different moments of time. These areas are called reachability sets and play an important role in solving problems of controlling, observing, and predicting the movement of a controlled vehicle. The mathematical model allows you to evaluate the manoeuvrability of the car, choose the optimal control program, form the optimal control when pointing the vehicle, evaluate the spread of trajectories under the influence of disturbances, and improve the accuracy of estimating the parameters of the car’s movement. The main assumptions of the mathematical model are that the vehicle is affected by the resistance of the medium (air) proportional to the square of the speed of movement, there is no wheel slip, and the speed does not change instantly. The main parameters that characterize the movement are acceleration, angular velocity of rotation of the body around the centre of mass, the coefficient of resistance of the medium, the initial speed and the speed of the centre of mass of the controlled vehicle.
Numerical evaluation of the quality of filling the engine cylinder with a fresh charge
Authors: Zholobov L A , Medvedev A V , Pasin A V , Novozhilov A I
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of mathematical and numerical modeling of engine filling taking into account gas-dynamic factors. When evaluating engine filling, it is necessary to evaluate the boundary conditions at the time of opening the intake valve and the effective passage area in the channel neck, which, together with the valve lift, is the determining size in the gas distribution mechanism. The numerical values are a function of the ratio of the current valve displacement to the neck diameter. The filling losses associated with the heating of the air charge from the walls and the partial conversion of the kinetic charge into heat are estimated by the losses ΔT. This value of the temperature increase when filling the internal combustion engine is made for the mode of the spring speed characteristic. Changes in the charge pressure at the end of the inlet are estimated by the loss of part of the kinetic energy with the transition to potential energy due to charge deceleration. The paper evaluates the gas injection from the cylinder into the intake system at partial loads due to an increase in the valve overlap zone. Which ultimately reduces the filling factor. Data are given on the increase in the filling coefficient due to the pre-charging process due to the expansion of the delay phase of the intake valve closing.
Influence of the coordination number and volume of a primitive cell on the vibration frequency of an iron atom during a polymorphic transition
Authors: Yurchenko Stepan A
Published: November 2020

Based on the polymorphic transition of iron from αFe to γFe, theoretical calculations of the longitudinal ultrasound velocity, the relationship between the number and primitive cell with a change in the vibration frequency of the atom was found.
Ensuring the performance characteristics of a friction V-belt variator
Authors: Zverovshchikov Aleksandr E , Generalova Aleksandra A , Nikulin Artem A
Published: November 2020

In this article, we propose to modernize the design of variator pulleys, which will increase the contact area of the friction pair, ensure durability and increase the efficiency of the entire mechanism. The modernization consists in improving the working profile of the pulley, which allows for the greatest and uniform coverage of the trapezoidal V-belt with minimal distortion during tension. Parametric equations of the curve forming the pulley profile are obtained. To determine the parametric equation, the deformation of the transverse fiber of the belt was taken into account. A method for calculating the change in efficiency depending on the speed of rotation of the pulley with both straight and curved generatrix is proposed. A comparative assessment of the contact areas is carried out and the effectiveness of the proposed method for improving the operational characteristics of V-belt transmission is shown.
Model-based approach to the design of a continuous soil compaction control facility
Authors: Prokopev A P , Nabizhanov Zh I , Ivanchura V I , Emelyanov R T
Published: November 2020

The results of research on solving the problem of creating a dynamic model of the process of vibration compaction of road bases are considered. The investigated dynamic process is realized by a single-drum vibration roller, which is a part of a cyber-physical road-building system. The main stages of building a mathematical model of the process of interaction of a roller with a road-building mixture during compaction by the method of variable states are presented. The use of a model-oriented approach is proposed for designing a system as an automation object. The output parameters of the dynamic model of the workflow are movement, speed, drum acceleration, contact force. A simulation model of the investigated process developed on the basis of a model-based approach and implemented in the MATLAB / Simulink software environment is presented. The initial data of the roller and the compacted material are specified in the m-file. The compacted material is described by a rheological model of an elastic-viscous body. The results of modeling a numerical example of a dynamic system are presented.
Application of sequential processing of computer vision methods for solving the problem of detecting the edges of a honeycomb block
Authors: Kubrikov M V , Paulin I A , Saramud M V , Kubrikova A S
Published: November 2020

The article describes the application of the Hough transform to a honeycomb block image. The problem of cutting a mold from a honeycomb block is described. A number of image transformations are considered to increase the efficiency of the Hough algorithm. A method for obtaining a binary image using a simple threshold, a method for obtaining a binary image using Otsu binarization, and the Canny Edge Detection algorithm are considered. The method of binary skeleton (skeletonization) is considered, in which the skeleton is obtained using 2 main morphological operations: Dilation and Erosion. As a result of a number of experiments, the optimal sequence of processing the original image was revealed, which allows obtaining the coordinates of the maximum number of faces. This result allows one to choose the optimal places for cutting a honeycomb block, which will improve the quality of the resulting shapes.
Study of the process overcoming obstacles by tillage tools on a three-dimensional dynamometric virtual stand
Authors: Lysych M N , Shabanov M L , Bukhtoyarov L D
Published: November 2020

The interaction of resiliently fixed tillage tools and obstacles is investigated using computer applications that simulate the dynamics of motion of 3D models, created in CAD. The design of a virtual bench and a dynamometer block, implemented in CAD SolidWorks and an application for modeling the movement dynamics SolidWorks Motion, is described. The virtual stand allows you to simultaneously record all components of the traction resistance vector (RX, RY, RZ). With the help of a virtual stand, the volumetric force characteristics of the process of overcoming a stump by a section of a modular tillage unit were measured. Four types of tillage tools were investigated: plowing disk; cultivating disk; sweep tool; subsoiling tool. In experiments, a 20 cm stump was overcome. Conditional processing depths for tillage tools were set depending on their technological purpose. Two types of interaction were investigated: frontal and maximum lateral displacement. The greatest loads during frontal overcoming of obstacles were experienced by a plow disc tillage tool. At maximum lateral displacement, the subsoiling tool was the most loaded. The results of the experiment showed that all the investigated tillage tools are able to overcome the stump with the parameters used.
Improving the facade element surface processing of MDF case furniture
Authors: Efimova T V , Ischenko T L
Published: November 2020

A lot of enterprises engaged in the production of MDF case furniture face the problem of milled plate surface quality. It ensures the production of facing paper and synthetic film or finishing liquid paints and varnishes to improve the facade element surface processing quality of MDF case furniture. The experiments to study the roughness of MDF plates milled surface have been carried out, depending on the feed rate and tool rotation frequency. The work has been carried out using hard-face end mill tools manufactured in accordance with the patent for the utility model (Russian Federation), which enables to improve the quality of machined surfaces by performing finishing milling in one pass and increasing equipment productivity. The determination of the roughness parameter has been carried out in accordance with the requirements of 15612 State Standard. As a result of experimental processing, the dependences of milled surface roughness on the factors under study in the form of regression equations have been obtained. The mathematical dependencies are the results of this work. It enables to set regime parameters for profile milling of MDF surface plates to obtain the required roughness. The optimal milling mode has been determined improving surface finish facade element quality of MDF case furniture.
Comparative analysis of fraud detection systems by phone number
Authors: Sergeev V V , Gorbchenko I M , Safronov V V
Published: November 2020

Today, the personal data of many people is stored in the databases of a large number of organizations. Some of them use this data for advertising purposes, disturbing customers with constant calls and SMS messages. The problem is that one cannot tell for sure by looking at an unfamiliar number whether it is an unwanted call from an organization. One can use specialized software tools to solve this problem. This article is devoted to comparing their functionality.
Effect of anode materials of the Al-Ni-Zr system on the ESA process and wear resistance of coatings on steel 45
Authors: Ri E Kh , Ri Khosen , Ermakov M A , Kim E D
Published: November 2020

Composite alloys of nickel aluminides doped with zirconium were obtained from nickel oxide NiO and baddeleyite concentrate containing zirconium by the method of out-of-furnace alumothermal reduction. The multiphase structure of the ingot obtained by SHS metallurgy has been established by scanning electron microscopy and micro X-ray spectral analysis. With an increase of zirconium content in the alloy up to 3.52 wt.% the amount and variety of nickel aluminide phases doped with zirconium linearly increase. The influence of aluminum-matrix electrode alloys from Al-Ni-Zr on the ESA process and wear resistance of the coatings on steel 45 under various processing modes tsk/tp= 40/50 and 25/80 in the argon atmosphere and in air has been established and scientifically substantiated: The erosion resistance of the anode materials made of Al-Ni-Zr alloys does not change monotonously while changing the zirconium content in the argon atmosphere. The minimum erosion resistance of the anode alloy is observed at 1.05 wt.% Zr, and the maximum - at 3.52 wt.% Zr. The fact that erosion resistance of the anode materials in argon is lower than in air concerns all the Al-Ni-Zr alloys investigated and in all ESA treatment modes, except the anode material with 3.52 wt.% Zr; In all the cases, the greatest weight gain value at the formation of an alloyed coating during ESA (t = 10 μs) is observed when using the anode material with 1.05 wt.% Zr, which is characterized by low erosion resistance, and the smallest weight gain value - with 0.47 wt.% Zr with higher erosion resistance; the highest wear resistance is observed when the anode material contains 1.52 wt.% Zr at ESA in argon (it increases 2.8 times when compared to steel 45).
Mechanism designs adapted to 2D technologies
Authors: Kurasov Dmitry
Published: November 2020

A significant reduction in the cost of manufacturing machines and various mechanical systems can be achieved by adapting their designs to 2D technologies. The article is devoted to the development of appropriate designs of centroid mechanisms, namely, spiderless planetary transmission and planetary rotary hydraulic machines.
Determining the standard of fitting between ship’s stern tube and propeller
Authors: Bien Dao Ngoc
Published: November 2020

The stern tube is fitted with a ship’s propeller shaft with a degree of technical redundancy, to protect the shaft against corrosion by seawater and wear with a bearing shaft, during work. Currently, the calculation and selection of this assembly is still done by experience, without a clear scientific basis. This paper, which presents the calculation of the required technical redundancy for the joint between the stern tube and the ship propeller shaft, based on the load acting on the joint, from which the corresponding standard fitting is selected, ensuring the this technical redundancy.
Thermal state of the contact zone in the process of thermal friction drilling
Authors: Sherov K , Mussayev M , Sikhimbayev M , Donenbayev B , Mikhailov V , Kuanov I , Kim A , Turusbekova A
Published: November 2020

The article deals with mathematical modeling of the temperature field during thermal friction processing in the form of a nonlinear differential equation of the temperature field during thermal friction cutting of metals, since the dependence of the thermal conductivity coefficient on temperature is taken into account. Using the DEFORM 3D software and experimental data, it was found that during the processing of steel 30 by friction drilling, the distribution of heat flow in the tool-workpiece contact has a more uniform character and is 1000-1250°C. The convergence of the obtained results with the experimental data is 90-95%, which confirms the applicability of the DEFORM3D program for the study of thermal phenomena in the process of thermal friction drilling of structural steels.
Designs of electroadsorption mass transfer apparatuses
Authors: Merentsov N A , Persidskiy A V , Topilin M V , Golovanchikov A B
Published: November 2020

This paper provides new designs of electroadsorption apparatuses of continuous and semi-periodic action, with fixed, moving and fluidized layers of adsorbents. There were considered the designs of apparatuses, action principle and the main intensifying effects aimed at improving the efficiency of gas emission treatment, efficiency improving of sorption apparatuses, improving the capacity of adsorbents and extending the time of their protective action, this together forms a new direction for the development and designing of energy- and resource-saving designs of electroadsorption apparatuses for selective purification of gas emission treatment and liquid discharges for various industries, able to respond adaptively to sharp spikes in concentrations of harmful substances in streams of continuous gas (liquid) phases and adjust to emergency capture modes.
Numerical simulation of conjugated heat exchange in laminar motion of oil fluid in a well
Authors: Al’es M Yu , Makarov S S , Karpov A I
Published: November 2020

A mathematical model of conjugate heat transfer during the laminar movement of oil fluid in the well is proposed. The motion of a gas-liquid medium in a two-dimensional axisymmetric stationary formulation is described by the equations of the boundary layer. A case of well operation in which oil is lifted to the surface due to reservoir energyis considered. A three-component medium is presented as a mixture of two components: formation of oil with dissolved gas and formation of water. The results of numerical modeling are presented, which make it possible to analyze the thermobaric state of the well under the condition of the developing flow in the pipe at the initial stage of stabilization and taking into account the phase transition associated with the formation of paraffin deposits.
Identification model based on latent variables
Authors: Barkalov S A , Bekirova O N , Kalinina N Yu , Moiseev S I
Published: November 2020

The paper proposes a model for assessing the degree of conformity of an object to a standard type. Evaluation is based on criteria based on identification signs. The model is based on the Rasch’s method of estimating latent variables. This is due to the fact that the degree of belonging of the evaluated objects to the sample is a latent variable. An original method is proposed, which assumes that indicators that allow identification are distributed according to the normal law. This allows us to estimate the average deviations of indicators from a given value and, taking into account the variance, to assess the degree of belonging of the object to the original. The obtained estimates are compared with the estimates obtained by traditional methods. Using computational experiments, it is shown that the model provides adequate estimates and can be used for identification. The method of implementation of computational procedures in MS Excel is described. The advantages of the described identification model are given in comparison with traditional models that solve this problem.
Mathematical model of 9-phase rectifying system
Authors: Panteleev V I , Sizganova E Yu , Petukhov R A , Brazhnikov A V , Saravanan V
Published: November 2020

A mathematical description of the output voltage of a 9-phase rectifying system that consists of three separate 3-phase rectifiers made according to the Larionov scheme, at sinusoidal phase voltages of a 9-phase EMF source (for example, a 9-phase alternating voltage generator) was obtained. This work represents the first stage of the development of the generic mathematical model of the steady state operation of a polyphase rectifying system that covers all possible forms of phase voltages of a polyphase EMF source (sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal), as well as all possible values of the number of phases of this source.
Management model of sustainable development of petrochemical industry enterprises
Authors: Ponikarova A S , Zotov M A , Salin A A
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the issues of sustainable development management in the context of innovation implementation. Formation of a new management model serves, according to the authors, to improve efficiency of innovation processes in organizations. In this regard, the article examines the complex of management measures in the general management system in the process of introducing innovations in conditions of uncertainty and risks. At the same time, the state of the level of sustainable innovative development of the petrochemical complex is studied. To achieve these goals, the study of the relationship between components of the company’s sustainable development is carried out; the role of the internal state of the economic system in this process is determined and the constraints that restrain transition to a new innovative quality are estimated. Based on the results of the study, a model for assessing the management of sustainable development of a company is proposed, taking into account innovative nature of the development. Thanks to this technique, it is possible not only to determine the quality of the management system for sustainable innovative development of the economic system, but also to identify directions for its improvement and development.
Research of distribution of oil flow in the pipeline with looping
Authors: Shestakov R A
Published: November 2020

The article studies the distribution of liquid flows when it is pumped through a section of a pipeline with a looping. The factors affecting the distribution of volume flow in the looping and passage were identified, on the basis of which a refined mathematical model of fluid flow in the pipeline section with looping and an algorithm for calculating the distribution of volume flow were developed. A refined calculation of the section with looping was carried out with minimal influence of previously unrecorded factors.
Study of the degree of atmospheric air pollution on a segment of the city highway
Authors: Parsaev E V , Teterina I A
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies, as a result of which the impact of traffic organization on the level of air pollution from traffic flows was assessed. The studies were carried out on several sections of one segment of the city highway. The assessment of the state of atmospheric air pollution on a highway with heavy traffic (Mira Avenue, Omsk) was carried out on the basis of determining the content of carbon monoxide (CO) in the air, as one of the main components of the exhaust gases of the traffic flow. Calculations are graphically presented that confirm the unevenness of the amount of pollutant emissions by one passenger car that moves along a segment of a city highway, taking into account several options for traffic regime. Modes of movement are due to the organization of road traffic.
Database management systems application for the organization’s metrological support
Authors: Stepanov M S , Koshliakova I G , Sorochkina O Yu , Kirimova K V
Published: November 2020

For any product production, metrological support is of great importance, at the initial stage of which measuring instruments are selected taking into account their measurement range, error, design, and other parameters. Complete information about measuring instruments is contained in the Federal Information Fund for Ensuring the Measurements Uniformity, but it contains a very large data amount, which makes it difficult to select the necessary information for its application in a particular organization. To store and use information in the field of metrological support, it is proposed to use databases and access as a management system that is part of the Microsoft Office. The system elements are: tables for storing data; database queries; forms for easy data entry, viewing and editing; reports for processing data in the form of a ready-made document; pages for providing access to the database from a web page; modules for automating standard operations and creating new procedures using the Visual Basic programming language. Tables are made up of columns and rows. As a basis for the simplest measuring instruments database, two interrelated tables can be used: “Measuring instruments” and “Technical characteristics”. Further, such a database can be developed by adding other related tables.
Oil product fluorescence spectra analysed under excitation at a wavelength of 266 nm
Authors: Fedotov Yu V , Belov M L , Kravtsov D A , Gorodnichev V A
Published: November 2020

Experimental studies of the laser-induced fluorescence spectra of oil products for the fluorescence excitation wavelength of 266 nm were performed. A schematic diagram of the experimental setup and results of processing the laser-induced fluorescence spectra are presented. It is shown that the laser-induced fluorescence spectra of various oil products are in different spectral bands and have different spectral widths. The light-end oil products (gasoline, kerosene) have the narrowest spectra (a spectral width of ∼30 nm) with a spectrum maximum at the wavelength of ∼ 330 nm. Oil has the widest spectral width (∼ 200 nm and more) with a spectrum maximum at the wavelength of ∼ 440-450 nm. The heavy-oil products (diesel fuel, engine oil) and gas condensate fall in between. The heavy-oil products have a spectral width of ∼ 60-100 nm with a spectrum maximum at the wavelength of ∼ 360 nm. The gas condensate has a spectral width of ∼ 150 nm with a spectrum maximum at the wavelength of ∼ 430 nm.
Problems of metrology of macroeconomic indicators
Authors: Vasiliev N N
Published: November 2020

Humanity has been measuring distances, weights, time, etc. for a long time. Currently, the value of measurement results is constantly increasing due to the fast growth in the scale of industrial and information technologies. Producers and consumers every day have to make a huge number of decisions based on the measurement results with a direct impact on the functioning of business entities, level of well-being of the population and ability to evaluate the effectiveness of actions of state authorities in implementing national projects.
Mathematical modeling of the energy processes of the WSN node in the conditions of charge replenishment
Authors: Bashmakov R A , Oleynikov D N , Fedorenko V V
Published: November 2020

The article considers the problems that arise at the design stage of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) nodes, absorbing environmental energy in order to increase their autonomous operation, and associated with the accumulation, distribution and consumption of energy in electrical form directly inside the equipment. The authors propose a mathematical model based on an algorithm for calculating the accumulating charge process of the buffer capacity. This model helps to obtain the value of the required capacity for the accumulator and the corresponding input parameters of the primary energy converter. The mathematical model makes it possible to take into account the value of the energy consumption the self-discharge current, and the value of the current leakage. The article also presents an example of a computational experiment, analyzes its results, reveals the drawbacks of the developed algorithm, and provides possible solutions in the direction of increasing the accuracy and adequacy of the mathematical model.
Decommissioned oil production sites impact on the forest ecosystems soil cover state (on the example of the National Park “Buzuluk Bor”)
Authors: Zhichkina L , Zudilin S , Zhichkin K , Ariskina O
Published: November 2020

Oil and oil products are recognized as priority environmental pollutants, having a high degree of toxicity. They can pose a threat to the vital activity of various organisms populations. Operating and suspended production wells can directly contribute to soil pollution with oil products. Oil pollution affects the complex of the soil morphological, physical, physicochemical, biological properties, which determine its fertility and ecological functions. The article examines the hydrocarbon raw materials conserved deposits as pollution sources of the forest ecosystems soil cover. The article analyzes the results of experimental studies to determine the oil products content, heavy metals gross and mobile forms in soil samples around decommissioned deposits. The studies carried out confirm that the sites of the mothballed deposits contaminated with oil products and heavy metals need monitoring, conservation and recultivation. Due to prolonged downtime, destruction occurred in the wells. The tightness was broken. It leads to oil and gas leakage. As a result of research carried out in 2017-2018 the soil cover contamination with oil products of the suspended deposits was revealed. A dangerous category of soil pollution was noted in 2017. It was observed in the area of wells No. 6, 8, 229 on the Neklyudovsky field. In 2018 wells No. 6 and No. 229 of the Neklyudovsky field were characterized by a hazardous category of pollution. In the soil of the Neklyudovsky field of wells No. 6, 6 (gas), 8 there was a decrease in the petroleum products content in 2018 compared to 2017. In soil samples an excess of the heavy metals mobile forms MPC content was revealed in the Neklyudovsky field - well No. 6, 229, in the Mogutovsky field - well No. 103-K, in the Koltubanovsky field - well No. 6.
Can the ground enhance vertical force for inclined stroke plane flapping wing?
Authors: Deepthi S , Vengadesan S
Published: November 2020

The numerical investigation of 2D insect wing kinematics in an inclined stroke plane is carried out using an immersed boundary solver. The effect of vortex shedding and dipole jet on the vertical force generation by the flapping wing due to change in the stroke plane angle is investigated in the vicinity of the ground. The results of instantaneous force and vorticity contours reveal the underlying lift enhancement mechanisms for the inclined stroke plane flapping wing. Moreover, they aid in the understanding of the wake-ground interaction and the associated shear layers. The calculated average vertical force delineates different force trends for the inclined stroke plane flapping near the ground. Furthermore, the dipole jet patterns are analyzed for different heights. These patterns are found to be a better tool to assess the kinematics for the vertical force enhancement and reduction, especially at intermediate heights. Vertical force enhancement is the critical parameter in the design of the micro aerial vehicle (MAV). Through this study, it is certain that the dipole jet has the potential to be used as a lift modification mechanism in MAVs. In summary, the study gives a holistic view of the physics of the inclined plane kinematics near the ground and serves as the basis for the design of MAVs.
Movements shaping climate futures: A systematic mapping of protests against fossil fuel and low-carbon energy projects
Authors: Temper Leah , Avila Sofia , Bene Daniela Del , Gobby Jennifer , Kosoy Nicolas , Billon Philippe Le , Martinez-Alier Joan , Perkins Patricia , Roy Brototi , Scheidel Arnim , Walter Mariana
Published: November 2020

In this article we undertake a systematic mapping of 649 cases of resistance movements to both fossil fuel (FF) and low carbon energy (LCE) projects, providing the most comprehensive overview of such place-based energy-related mobilizations to date. We find that (1) Place-based resistance movements are succeeding in curbing both fossil-fuel and low-carbon energy projects. Over a quarter of projects encountering social resistance have been cancelled, suspended or delayed. (2) The evidence highlights that low carbon, renewable energy and mitigation projects are as conflictive as FF projects, and that both disproportionately impact vulnerable groups such as rural communities and Indigenous peoples. Amongst LCE projects, hydropower was found to have the highest number of conflicts with concerns over social and environmental damages. (3) Repression and violence against protesters and land defenders was rife in almost all activities, with 10% of all cases analysed involving assassination of activists. Violence was particularly common in relation to hydropower, biomass, pipelines and coal extraction. Wind, solar and other renewables were the least conflictive and entailed lower levels of repression than other projects. The results caution that decarbonization of the economy is by no means inherently environmentally innocuous or socially inclusive. We find that conflicts and collective action are driven by multiple concerns through which community mobilization seeks to reshape the energy regime and its impacts. These include claims for localization, democratic participation, shorter energy chains, anti-racism, climate-justice-focused governance, and Indigenous leadership. Climate and energy policymakers need to pay closer attention to the demands and preferences of these collective movements pointing to transformative pathways to decarbonization.
Geometrical optical diode for natural (ambient) light
Authors: Moagăr-Poladian Gabriel , Tibeică Cătălin , Ursu Dănuţ-Vasile
Published: November 2020

We present a device that acts as a diode for natural light. It has different transmission values when light travels in one direction and, respectively, in the opposite one. It relies on the geometric left-right asymmetry of scattering and absorption and uses diffuse light of whichever polarization and with a large spectral range.
1862
Authors: Masur Louis P.
Published: November 2020

“1862” covers the conscription of Confederate soldiers and the emergence of Robert E. Lee, who assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee won many significant battles against larger Union armies. Both sides experienced heavy losses, in part due to new, deadlier weapons. Soldiers fought for a variety of reasons, and photographs of the battlefield destroyed the public’s romantic notions about the war. While the war was not going well for the Union, a Republican Congress passed legislation that would have been impossible previously. Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation after the battle of Antietam and, by the end of the year, was poised to deliver it.
Enzymes: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Engel Paul
Published: November 2020

Enzymes: A Very Short Introduction explores enzymes, the tiny molecular machines that make life possible. These proteins speed up chemical reactions inside a living organism many millionfold. Working together, teams of enzymes carry out all the processes that can be collectively recognized as life, from making DNA to digesting food. This VSI explains how this works, before going on to reveal how these catalysts of such extraordinary power and exquisite selectivity have evolved. It also examines the many varied ways in which individual enzymes are used nowadays as tools—in medical diagnosis and therapy, washing powders, food production, waste treatment, and chemical synthesis. New vistas have opened up through application of molecular genetics, not only allowing cheap, large-scale production of pure enzymes but also making possible new, tailor-made enzymes.
6. Metabolic pathways and enzyme evolution
Authors: Engel Paul
Published: November 2020

‘Metabolic pathways and enzyme evolution’ focuses on metabolic pathways and enzyme evolution. Although a few enzymes catalyse a single isolated reaction, most are part of a team that catalyses a series of reactions in which each enzyme picks up its predecessor’s product, taking it a step further to create a metabolic pathway. This pathway may be to build up, say, an amino acid from simpler starting molecules, or conversely to break down food molecules to yield new chemical building blocks and sometimes also to trap useable energy. Life is the combined outcome of this seemingly logical enzyme teamwork.
3. Volcanoes and water
Authors: Branney Michael J. , Zalasiewicz Jan
Published: November 2020

‘Volcanoes and water’ assesses how water affects the behaviour of volcanoes. When rising hot magma encounters groundwater, as in a water-saturated sandstone, the pore water in the sandstone next to the magma flashes to steam, and the force of the expanding steam within the rock tears the sand grains apart from each other, and streams them away as it escapes. Peperite, ‘phreatic’ (steam) eruptions, phreatomagmatic eruptions, submarine eruptions, emergent Surtseyan eruptions, and ‘phreatoplinian’ eruptions are thought to be the most violent on Earth. Glacial volcanoes, and catastrophic watery ‘lahars’ accompany many eruptions.
Assessing the Psychosocial Work Environment in Relation to Mental Health: A Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Shahidi Faraz V , Gignac Monique A M , Oudyk John , Smith Peter M
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Prevailing job stress models encourage a multidimensional view of the psychosocial work environment and highlight the role that multiple co-occurring stressors play in the aetiology of mental health problems. In this study, we develop a latent typology of psychosocial work environment profiles to describe how a comprehensive array of job stressors are clustered in the Canadian labour market. We also examine the association between these latent psychosocial work environment profiles and several indicators of mental health.

Methods

Data were collected from 6408 workers who completed the Canadian National Psychosocial Work Environment Survey. Psychosocial work exposures were measured using standard items from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. We employed latent profile analyses to identify groups of individuals with similar psychosocial work environment profiles. We used log-linear regression models to examine the association between latent psychosocial work environment profiles and burnout, stress, and cognitive strain.

Results

Four distinct groups with highly divergent psychosocial work environment profiles were identified. Adjusting for a range of demographic and socioeconomic factors, latent psychosocial work environment profiles were strongly related to mental health. Individuals who reported exposure to a comprehensive array of psychosocial job stressors (11% prevalence) reported the highest probability of burnout (PR: 7.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.56–10.15), stress (PR: 8.98, 95% CI: 6.20–13.0), and cognitive strain (PR: 7.29, 95% CI: 5.02–10.60).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that psychosocial work stressors are tightly clustered in the Canadian labour market, and that the clustering of work stressors is strongly associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Future scholarship may benefit from adopting a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of psychosocial job quality as a determinant of health and well-being.
Don’t Turn a Deaf Ear: A Case for Assessing Interactive Listening
Authors: Lam Daniel M K
Published: November 2020

The reciprocal nature of spoken interaction means that participants constantly alternate between speaker and listener roles. However, listener or recipient actions—also known as interactive listening (IL)—are somewhat underrepresented in language tests. In conventional listening tests, they are not directly assessed. In speaking tests, they have often been overshadowed by an emphasis on production features or subsumed under broader constructs such as interactional competence. This article is an effort to represent the rich IL phenomena that can be found in peer interactive speaking assessments, where the candidate–candidate format and discussion task offer opportunities to elicit and assess IL. Taking a close look at candidate discourse and nonverbal actions through a conversation analytic approach, the analysis focuses on three IL features (i) listenership displays, (ii) contingent responses, and (iii) collaborative completions, and unpacks their relative strength in evidencing listener understanding. This article concludes by making a case for revisiting the role of IL, calling for more explicit inclusion of IL in L2 assessment as well as pedagogy.
Morphological evolution in relationship to sidewinding, arboreality and precipitation in snakes of the family Viperidae
Authors: Tingle Jessica L , Garland Theodore
Published: November 2020

Compared with other squamates, snakes have received relatively little ecomorphological investigation. We examined morphometric and meristic characters of vipers, in which both sidewinding locomotion and arboreality have evolved multiple times. We used phylogenetic comparative methods that account for intraspecific variation (measurement error models) to determine how morphology varied in relationship to body size, sidewinding, arboreality and mean annual precipitation (which we chose over other climate variables through model comparison). Some traits scaled isometrically; however, head dimensions were negatively allometric. Although we expected sidewinding specialists to have different body proportions and more vertebrae than non-sidewinding species, they did not differ significantly for any trait after correction for multiple comparisons. This result suggests that the mechanisms enabling sidewinding involve musculoskeletal morphology and/or motor control, that viper morphology is inherently conducive to sidewinding (‘pre-adapted’) or that behaviour has evolved faster than morphology. With body size as a covariate, arboreal vipers had long tails, narrow bodies and lateral compression, consistent with previous findings for other arboreal snakes, plus reduced posterior body tapering. Species from wetter environments tended to have longer tails, wider heads and reduced anterior tapering. This study adds to the growing evidence that, despite superficial simplicity, snakes have evolved various morphological specializations in relationship to behaviour and ecology.