bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Catnip Charcoal on the In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of the Main Alkaloids of Rhizoma Coptidis
Authors: He Yanfei , Chen Siyu , Yu Hai , Zhu Long , Liu Yayun , Han Chunyang , Liu Cuiyan
Published: May 2016

This study aims to explore the effect of catnip Nepeta cataria (CNC) charcoal on the pharmacokinetics of the main alkaloids of Rhizoma Coptidis in vivo. Twenty‐four rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and given oral administration of an aqueous extract of Rhizoma Coptidis (RCAE), RCAE plus CNC, RCAE plus activated carbon (AC), or distilled water, respectively. Plasma samples were collected after administration. The concentrations of berberine, coptisine, palmatine, and epiberberine in plasma were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pharmacokinetics data were calculated using pharmacokinetic DAS 2.0 software. The results showed that the area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) of berberine increased, while the AUC of coptisine, palmatine, and epiberberine decreased in the rabbits that received RCAE plus CNC. Meanwhile, the AUC of berberine, coptisine, palmatine, and epiberberine decreased in the group given RCAE plus AC. The difference of main pharmacokinetics parameters among the four groups was significant (P < 0.05). This study showed that CNC improved the bioavailability of berberine in comparison to AC and prolonged its release in comparison to RCAE alone. However, it decreased the bioavailability of coptisine, palmatine, and epiberberine. In comparison, AC uniformly declined the bioavailability of berberine, coptisine, palmatine, and epiberberine.
Multilinear Model of Heat Exchanger with Hammerstein Structure
Authors: Pršić Dragan , Nedić Novak , Filipović Vojislav , Dubonjić Ljubiša , Vičovac Aleksandar
Published: May 2016

The multilinear model control design approach is based on the approximation of the nonlinear model of the system by a set of linear models. The paper presents the method of creation of a bank of linear models of the two-pass shell and tube heat exchanger. The nonlinear model is assumed to have a Hammerstein structure. The set of linear models is formed by decomposition of the nonlinear steady-state characteristic by using the modified Included Angle Dividing method. Two modifications of this method are proposed. The first one refers to the addition to the algorithm for decomposition, which reduces the number of linear segments. The second one refers to determination of the threshold value. The dependence between decomposition of the nonlinear characteristic and the linear dynamics of the closed-loop system is established. The decoupling process is more formal and it can be easily implemented by using software tools. Due to its simplicity, the method is particularly suitable in complex systems, such as heat exchanger networks.
A Novel Pathway-Based Approach Improves Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Using Germline Genetic Variations
Authors: Qian David C. , Han Younghun , Byun Jinyoung , Shin Hae Ri , Hung Rayjean J. , McLaughlin John R. , Landi Maria Teresa , Seminara Daniela , Amos Christopher I.
Published: May 2016

Background: Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic variants that are strongly associated with lung cancer, these variants have low penetrance and serve as poor predictors of lung cancer in individuals. We sought to increase the predictive value of germline variants by considering their cumulative effects in the context of biologic pathways.

Methods: For individuals in the Environment and Genetics in Lung Cancer Etiology study (1,815 cases/1,971 controls), we computed pathway-level susceptibility effects as the sum of relevant SNP variant alleles weighted by their log-additive effects from a separate lung cancer GWAS meta-analysis (7,766 cases/37,482 controls). Logistic regression models based on age, sex, smoking, genetic variants, and principal components of pathway effects and pathway–smoking interactions were trained and optimized in cross-validation and further tested on an independent dataset (556 cases/830 controls). We assessed prediction performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results: Compared with typical binomial prediction models that have epidemiologic predictors (AUC = 0.607) in addition to top GWAS variants (AUC = 0.617), our pathway-based smoking-interactive multinomial model significantly improved prediction performance in external validation (AUC = 0.656, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: Our biologically informed approach demonstrated a larger increase in AUC over nongenetic counterpart models relative to previous approaches that incorporate variants.

Impact: This model is the first of its kind to evaluate lung cancer prediction using subtype-stratified genetic effects organized into pathways and interacted with smoking. We propose pathway–exposure interactions as a potentially powerful new contributor to risk inference. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(8); 1208–15. ©2016 AACR.
Determination of Protein Composition and Host-Derived Proteins of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus by 2-Dimensional Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Xiaoyong , Chen Keping , Cai Keya , Yao Qin
Published: May 2016

Objective: The occlusion-derived form of baculovirus is specially adapted for primary infection of host midgut epithelial cells. The virion contains proteins essential for host-range determination and initiation of infection. Determination of protein composition of the occlusion-derived virus (ODV) will help us to understand this virion’s infection mechanism. Methods: We obtained the ODV virion of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and used SDS-PAGE, 2-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify – for the first time – proteins present within or associated with the ODV virion. Results: 20 proteins, including 16 major proteins of the virion encoded by BmNPV and 4 proteins of the silkworm, were identified with confidence. Conclusion: Three BmNPV proteins (orf40, P95 and protein tyrosine phosphatase), which had not been detected as components of ODV previously, were identified in this study. We propose that the host-derived proteins may be important for the assembly and maturation of the ODV capsid.
Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome
Authors: Nakamagoe Kiyotaka , Kadono Kotarou , Koganezawa Tadachika , Takiguchi Mao , Terada Makoto , Yamamoto Fumiko , Moriyama Tetsuya , Yanagiha Kumi , Nohara Seitaro , Tozaka Naoki , Miyake Zenshi , Aizawa Satoshi , Furusho Kentaro , Tamaoka Akira
Published: May 2016

Background: No studies to date have attempted to evaluate frontotemporal lobar degeneration from the perspective of the vestibular system. Objective: The present study examined vestibular function in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) clinical syndrome and evaluated whether vestibular disorders are involved in the clinical symptoms due to FTD. Methods: Fourteen patients with FTD syndrome, as well as healthy elderly controls without dementia, were included in the present study. All subjects underwent vestibular function tests using electronystagmography, such as caloric tests and visual suppression (VS) tests, in which the induced caloric nystagmus was suppressed by visual stimuli. The association between clinical symptoms and vestibular function in the FTD syndrome group was further examined. Results: In the FTD syndrome group, caloric nystagmus was not necessarily suppressed during VS tests. Furthermore, VS was observed to be significantly impaired in FTD syndrome patients with gait disturbance as compared to those without such disturbance. Conclusion: The present study revealed that impairment of VS in patients with FTD results in an inability to regulate vestibular function by means of visual perception, regardless of multiple presumed neuropathological backgrounds. This could also be associated with gait disturbance in patients with FTD syndrome.
Aneurysm Study of Pipeline in an Observational Registry (ASPIRe)
Authors: Kallmes David F. , Brinjikji Waleed , Boccardi Edoardo , Ciceri Elisa , Diaz Orlando , Tawk Rabih , Woo Henry , Jabbour Pascal , Albuquerque Felipe , Chapot Rene , Bonafe Alain , Dashti Shervin R. , Delgado Almandoz Josser E. , Given II Curtis , Kelly Michael E. , Cross III DeWitte T. , Duckwiler Gary , Razack Nasser , Powers Ciaran J. , Fischer Sebastian , Lopes Demetrius , Harrigan Mark R. , Huddle Daniel , Turner IV Raymond , Zaidat Osama O. , Defreyne Luc , Mendes Pereira Vitor , Cekirge Saruhan , Fiorella David , Hanel Ricardo A. , Lylyk Pedro , McDougall Cameron , Siddiqui Adnan , Szikora Istvan , Levy Elad
Published: May 2016

Background and Objective: Few prospective studies exist evaluating the safety and efficacy of the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The Aneurysm Study of Pipeline In an observational Registry (ASPIRe) study prospectively analyzed rates of complete aneurysm occlusion and neurologic adverse events following PED treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Materials and Methods: We performed a multicenter study prospectively evaluating patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with PED. Primary outcomes included (1) spontaneous rupture of the Pipeline-treated aneurysm; (2) spontaneous nonaneurysmal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH); (3) acute ischemic stroke; (4) parent artery stenosis, and (5) permanent cranial neuropathy. Secondary endpoints were (1) treatment success and (2) morbidity and mortality at the 6-month follow-up. Vascular imaging was evaluated at an independent core laboratory. Results: One hundred and ninety-one patients with 207 treated aneurysms were included in this registry. The mean aneurysm size was 14.5 ± 6.9 mm, and the median imaging follow-up was 7.8 months. Twenty-four aneurysms (11.6%) were small, 162 (78.3%) were large and 21 (10.1%) were giant. The median clinical follow-up time was 6.2 months. The neurological morbidity rate was 6.8% (13/191), and the neurological mortality rate was 1.6% (3/191). The combined neurological morbidity/mortality rate was 6.8% (13/191). The most common adverse events were ischemic stroke (4.7%, 9/191) and spontaneous ICH (3.7%, 7/191). The complete occlusion rate at the last follow-up was 74.8% (77/103). Conclusions: Our prospective postmarket study confirms that PED treatment of aneurysms in a heterogeneous patient population is safe with low rates of neurological morbidity and mortality. Patients with angiographic follow-up had complete occlusion rates of 75% at 8 months.
Protecting International Civil Rights in a National Context: Danish Law and Its Discontents
Authors: Adamo Silvia
Published: May 2016

The effective impact of international law on national civil rights protection is dependent on being implemented in a modality that allows for the actual use of international rules in domestic courts. With particular reference to the Danish case, this article investigates the effects of lack of ratification for the placement of civil rights in the ranking of sources of law, the issues arising from a dualist approach to international law, and the impact of judicial restraint in resolving conflicts of rights in practice. The study’s focal point is the legal rules and modalities for reception of international standards which can be, in any national legal context, more or less suitable for an appropriate protection of civil rights. The article’s enquiry aims to help revive a debate on these modalities for reception which in practice have a great impact on the effective realisation of civil rights, especially in judicial settings.
Recalibrating through Remembrance
Authors: Rose Els
Published: May 2016

The twelfth and thirteenth centuries witness a complex appeal to the “age of the apostles,” referring to the first centuries of Christianity as model and foundation. Both the Catholic Church and various apostolic movements claim to be true imitators of the vita apostolica. In early thirteenth-century centres of reform, the apostles as founding figures of the Christian religion are frequently visualized, most elaborately in stained glass windows where the apocryphal Acts or “Lives” of the apostles inspired the scenes distributed over the panes of each window dedicated in general to one apostle (or pair of apostles). The choice of scenes and the analysis of what in the apocryphal Acts is left out reveals the way the Catholic Church, in its endeavour to reform, applied the apostles as breaches and bridges in the development of its doctrine and self-definition, also in response to claims to apostolicity outside the mainstream Church.
Who framed the F-35? Government–media relations in Canadian defence procurement
Authors: Vucetic Srdjan
Published: May 2016

How did the Canadian news media cover the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter purchase, proposed by the Harper government in mid-2010? Under what conditions did the media tend to index government talking points as opposed to providing space to oppositional voices and viewpoints? Content analysis of headlines and full text transcripts in five mainstream newspapers revealed news coverage that was mostly negative and that it became more negative as consensus within official decision circles dissipated. Overall, the findings fit most closely with the predictions of the cascading activation model of government–media relations, while also underscoring the importance of factors specific to the Canadian context.
More than just a bus ride: The role of perceptions in travel behaviour
Authors: Klein Nicholas
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this article is to add another dimension to our understanding of travel behaviour by highlighting how individual decisions about travel are simultaneously influenced by both rational, calculable metrics of the transportation system but also by socially constructed, context-specific perceptions that travellers hold about the travel modes themselves. The context for this study is a rapid transformation of the market for intercity buses in the Northeast United States. In the past 15 years, new entrants have transformed a humdrum industry into a dynamic sector of the intercity travel market. The new entrants, curbside buses, have largely shunned traditional bus terminals in favour of picking up and dropping off bus passengers on city streets. Ridership has steadily increased, and these new bus companies have expanded operations throughout the country.

Drawing on a series of focus groups with intercity bus passengers, I describe how two sets of factors drive intercity travellers’ choice to travel onboard the new intercity buses. First, the new companies offer operational and economic advantages. Second, and surprisingly, focus group participants have different perceptions of the new bus companies than the old – and these perceptions appear to be influencing their travel decisions.
A multi-centre randomised controlled trial comparing radiofrequency and mechanical occlusion chemically assisted ablation of varicose veins – Final results of the Venefit versus Clarivein for varicose veins trial
Authors: Lane Tristan , Bootun Roshan , Dharmarajah Brahman , Lim Chung S , Najem Mojahid , Renton Sophie , Sritharan Kaji , Davies Alun H
Published: May 2016

Background

Endovenous thermal ablation has revolutionised varicose vein treatment. New non-thermal techniques such as mechanical occlusion chemically assisted endovenous ablation (MOCA) allow treatment of entire trunks with single anaesthetic injections. Previous non-randomised work has shown reduced pain post-operatively with MOCA. This study presents a multi-centre randomised controlled trial assessing the difference in pain during truncal ablation using MOCA and radiofrequency endovenous ablation (RFA) with six months’ follow-up.

Methods

Patients undergoing local anaesthetic endovenous ablation for primary varicose veins were randomised to either MOCA or RFA. Pain scores using Visual Analogue Scale and number scale (0–10) during truncal ablation were recorded. Adjunctive procedures were completed subsequently. Pain after phlebectomy was not assessed. Patients were reviewed at one and six months with clinical scores, quality of life scores and duplex ultrasound assessment of the treated leg.

Results

A total of 170 patients were recruited over a 21-month period from 240 screened. Patients in the MOCA group experienced significantly less maximum pain during the procedure by Visual Analogue Scale (MOCA median 15 mm (interquartile range 7–36 mm) versus RFA 34 mm (interquartile range 16–53 mm), p = 0.003) and number scale (MOCA median 3 (interquartile range 1–5) versus RFA 4 mm (interquartile range 3–6.5), p = 0.002). ‘ Average’ pain scores were also significantly less in the MOCA group; 74% underwent simultaneous phlebectomy. Occlusion rates, clinical severity scores, disease specific and generic quality of life scores were similar between groups at one and six months. There were two deep vein thromboses, one in each group.

Conclusion

Pain secondary to truncal ablation is less painful with MOCA than RFA with similar short-term technical, quality of life and safety outcomes.
Mineralocorticoid receptor haplotype moderates the effects of oral contraceptives and menstrual cycle on emotional information processing
Authors: Hamstra Danielle A , de Kloet E Ronald , Tollenaar Marieke , Verkuil Bart , Manai Meriem , Putman Peter , Van der Does Willem
Published: May 2016

Rationale:

The processing of emotional information is affected by menstrual cycle phase and by the use of oral contraceptives (OCs). The stress hormone cortisol is known to affect emotional information processing via the limbic mineralocorticoid receptor (MR).

Objectives:

We investigated in an exploratory study whether the MR-genotype moderates the effect of both OC-use and menstrual cycle phase on emotional cognition.

Methods:

Healthy premenopausal volunteers ( n=93) of West-European descent completed a battery of emotional cognition tests. Forty-nine participants were OC users and 44 naturally cycling, 21 of whom were tested in the early follicular (EF) and 23 in the mid-luteal (ML) phase of the menstrual cycle.

Results:

In MR-haplotype 1/3 carriers, ML women gambled more than EF women when their risk to lose was relatively small. In MR-haplotype 2, ML women gambled more than EF women, regardless of their odds of winning. OC-users with MR-haplotype 1/3 recognised fewer facial expressions than ML women with MR-haplotype 1/3.

Conclusion:

MR-haplotype 1/3 carriers may be more sensitive to the influence of their female hormonal status. MR-haplotype 2 carriers showed more risky decision-making. As this may reflect optimistic expectations, this finding may support previous observations in female carriers of MR-haplotype 2 in a naturalistic cohort study.
Why did the emu cross the road? Exploring employees’ perception and expectations of humor in the Australian workplace
Authors: Wijewardena Nilupama , Samaratunge Ramanie , Härtel Charmine , Kirk-Brown Andrea
Published: May 2016

Workplace humor is currently an emerging area of study in management research. While studies on the functions and outcomes of workplace humor in the United States abound, there is little research on humor in Australian workplaces. This limits Australian organizations from tapping the rich potential of humor to achieve positive employee and organizational outcomes. This study aims to start a research agenda on workplace humor in Australia by conducting a survey study of Australian employees’ perception of the occurrence and acceptability of humor behavior in their workplaces and by analyzing humor events at work. To achieve the latter objective, first, the scattered workplace humor literature is reviewed to develop a single framework that can effectively situate and capture humor events. Findings from 433 respondents indicate that humor occurs across a variety of organizations in Australia and that employees report positive views toward workplace humor. A surprising finding was that employees reported they expect their managers to use humor with them. Implications for managers and future research directions are developed.
Let the Data Speak: Gender Differences in Math Curriculum–Based Measurement
Authors: Yarbrough Jamie L. , Cannon Laura , Bergman Shawn , Kidder-Ashley Pamela , McCane-Bowling Sara
Published: May 2016

Numerous studies have identified differences between males and females in academic performance across the areas of reading, writing, and mathematics. The current study examined whether or not gender differences exist when math curriculum–based measures (M-CBMs) are used to assess basic math computation skills in a sample of third- through eighth-grade students. Participants included 1,626 general and special education students from five schools in a rural southeastern school district. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine significance across genders at each grade level. Statistically significant differences in favor of females were found in Grades 5, 7, and 8. The discussion highlights applied and theoretical implications of these findings.
Comparative study of mechanical properties and damage kinetics of two- and three-dimensional woven composites under high-strain rate dynamic compressive loading
Authors: Arbaoui Jamal , Tarfaoui Mostapha , Bouery Charbel , El Malki Alaoui Aboulghit
Published: May 2016

The in-plane compressive behavior of two- and three-dimensional woven composite was investigated at high strain rates. The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar is employed to test the high strain rate dynamic mechanical properties of E-glass vinylester composite material. For three-dimensional woven composite, two configurations were tested: compression responses along the stitched direction and orthogonal to the stitched direction. Dynamic compression properties for two- and three-dimensional are determined and compared. Experimental results show that the strain rate has a significant effect on the two- and three-dimensional woven composite response. It is observed that the three-dimensional woven composite has higher compression strength and dynamic modulus than the two-dimensional composite at high strain rate. For this study, a high-speed camera was used to determine the damage kinetics under dynamic load. The two-dimensional woven composite is mainly damaged in a mode of matrix cracks and severe delamination, while the mode for three-dimensional woven composite is mainly cracking of matrix and delamination for in-plane along to the stitched direction and shear banding failure for in-plane orthogonal to the stitched direction.
Self-esteem in action: From direct causality to motive and mediator of self-performative action
Authors: Strandell Jacob
Published: May 2016

Self-esteem research has been in “crisis” during the last decade, due to the lack of strong, consistent correlations between self-esteem and behavioral outcomes. Some researchers have interpreted this as indicating that self-esteem is inconsequential in many important areas of life. However, the model of direct causality used in correlational research, between a general self-esteem trait and specific behaviors, may be unrealistic. In contrast, this paper develops a model of self-esteem-motivated behaviour as originating from past, current or future (desired) self-concepts. This model shows how an interaction of catalytic factors determines how self-esteem influences behaviour. That is, what “self-esteem” actually “does.” By clarifying the different ways in which self-esteem affects behavior, the model shows that construing self-esteem as a passive variable with direct causal influence on behavior is inadequate and misleading and that previous contradictory results are a consequence of this misconceptualization and subsequent reification of self-esteem. Because self-esteem and the self-concept are inseparable (one is an attitude towards the other) self-esteem-motivated behavior is always about self-construction, and thus performative. Future self-esteem research and theory should therefore focus on how people seek to enact, maintain, or defend a desired identity through performative actions.
Action research for multi-level facilitation of improvement in health and social care: Development of a change facilitation approach for a local R&D unit
Authors: Hansson Johan , Höög Elisabet , Nyström Monica
Published: May 2016

This paper reports an action research program designed to develop new approaches for a locally based Swedish R&D unit’s task to facilitate improvement in partner organizations, and to provide guidance on how to manage challenges in action research programs focusing on development in health and social care. Data were gathered from interviews with R&D members’, managers representing the two embedded pilot cases, as well as from the lead action researchers. Key findings were the need to continually monitor and revise the action research plan and that each step should be given specific weights based on the conditions at hand. As the action program evolved the participants were given autonomy to take action in the partner organizations and the role of the action researchers became advisory and consultative. These findings accentuate the emergent nature of action research and the need for flexible and dynamic intervention planning, especially when multiple level actors and several organizations are involved. Based on these findings we discuss some implications for the action researcher’s role and how similar programs can be designed to manage change in complex health and social care systems reaching various stakeholders at many levels.
Causes of the causes of juvenile delinquency: Social disadvantages in the context of Situational Action Theory
Authors: Schepers Debbie
Published: May 2016

This article focuses on the relationship between crime and social disadvantages by applying Situational Action Theory (Wikström 2006, 2009; Wikström et al., 2012) to explain the delinquent behaviour of adolescents. According to Situational Action Theory, criminal acts are the result of a perception-choice process that is guided by the interaction of a person’s crime propensity and the criminogenic conditions of the environment. Social disadvantages are not causes of criminal behaviour but rather causes of the causes. Social disadvantages affect the emergence of crime propensity and criminogenic exposure of individuals. This relationship between crime and disadvantages in the context of Situational Action Theory will be empirically tested by applying structural equation modelling and testing for indirect effects of several structural heterogeneities. The results show that the relationship between heterogeneity features and delinquency for the most part is mediated by the theoretical assumptions of SAT.
Petri net-based scheduling of time constrained single-arm cluster tools with wafer revisiting
Authors: Liu ZiCheng , Wu NaiQi , Yang FaJun
Published: May 2016

It is very difficult to schedule a single-arm cluster tool with wafer revisiting such that wafer residency time constraints are satisfied. This article conducts a study on this challenging problem for a single-arm cluster tool with atomic layer deposition process. With a so-called p-backward strategy being applied, a Petri net model is developed to describe the dynamic behavior of the system. Based on the model, the existence of a feasible schedule is analyzed, schedulability conditions are derived, and scheduling algorithms are presented if there is a schedule. A schedule is obtained by simply setting the robot waiting time if schedulable, and it is very computationally efficient. The obtained schedule is shown to be optimal. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Determination of the seasonal heat consumption based on the short-term measurements in the building
Authors: Specjał Aleksandra , Bartosz Dorota
Published: May 2016

The article presents the balance approach of determining the building heat consumption (for heating and ventilation purposes) in the standard heating season based on short-term measurements performed on the real object in actual climatic conditions. The influence of the length of measurements in situ on the accuracy of estimation of the seasonal heat consumption was analysed for the occupied building. The 14-day measurement period was examined as the shortest and it was proved that the accuracy of the heat consumption forecasting was in that case ±20%. The heat consumption for heating and ventilation purposes, determined on the basis of short-term measurements, was recalculated to the reference climatic conditions of the heating season. Such a value is one of the components of the energy performance of a building. According to the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the energy performance of buildings, measurement-based approaches are the alternative for the computational approaches and thus the proposed method can find a practical application in the process of energy certification of buildings. In this article, the results of the application of this method in the multifamily building occupied during the measurements are also presented.
Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and accelerated atherosclerosis: An intriguing association needing targeted surveillance. Lessons from a rare case of acute anterior myocardial infarction
Authors: Scudiero Laura , Soriano Francesco , Morici Nuccia , Grillo Giovanni , Belli Oriana , Sacco Alice , Cipriani Manlio , Pedrotti Patrizia , Quattrocchi Giuseppina , Klugmann Silvio , Oliva Fabrizio
Published: May 2016

We report the case of a 23-year-old man who developed an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction secondary to acute thrombotic occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery five years after undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and bulky mediastinal mass involving the pleura and pericardium. His medical history also included Graft versus Host Disease developed 13 months after transplantation and acute myocarditis three months before the actual hospital admission. To the best of our knowledge, coronary artery disease as a complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and low-dose mediastinal radiation therapy in young patients has been rarely reported in the medical literature. Clinicians should have a high degree of suspicion of coronary artery disease in patients treated with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, especially in patients previously treated with target mediastinal radiotherapy, as a group at risk of premature and significantly accelerated atherosclerosis, in order to make a timely and correct diagnosis.
Gender, Party, and Presentation of Family in the Social Media Profiles of 10 State Legislatures
Authors: Cook James M.
Published: May 2016

Recent research has identified neither consistent gendered stereotypes about legislators among constituents, nor a link between legislators’ gender and their electoral success, nor consistent gender coalitions in legislative voting and co-sponsorship. However, it would be premature to declare that gender is irrelevant to legislative politics. This article considers state legislators’ choice to discuss or omit family in their social media profiles and interprets the choice as a gendered presentation of self. The social media platform Twitter is notable for its status as an especially public stage and for the narrow choice that limited profile space imposes. Different strains in gender theory lead to competing predictions: that women will avoid references to family to avoid making gender salient, that women will highlight references to family to avoid backlash for non-normativity, or that differing gender expectations in different political parties lead to different gender effects. Apart from gender, family references may be more or less available to legislators as a function of their own family status and life stage. Analysis of Twitter profiles of state legislators in 10 US states ( N = 911) reveals that party and gender effects interact; controlling for family and life stage circumstances, non-Republican women are moderately more likely to mention family than non-Republican men, but Republican women are much less likely to mention family than Republican men. Gender matters in the social media presentation of legislators’ selves, but in a manner strongly conditioned by party expectations.
CXCR2 and CXCL4 regulate survival and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Sinclair Amy , Park Laura , Shah Mansi , Drotar Mark , Calaminus Simon , Hopcroft Lisa E. M. , Kinstrie Ross , Guitart Amelie V. , Dunn Karen , Abraham Sheela A. , Sansom Owen , Michie Alison M. , Machesky Laura , Kranc Kamil R. , Graham Gerard J. , Pellicano Francesca , Holyoake Tessa L.
Published: May 2016

Key Points

Chemokine ligands CXCL1-4, 6, 10, 11, and 13 are upregulated in human quiescent HSCs with CXCR2 and CXCL4 regulating their survival. Genetic ablation of Cxcr2 or Cxcl4 in murine models induces initial expansion but eventual exhaustion of HSC in transplantation assays.
Daratumumab depletes CD38+ immune regulatory cells, promotes T-cell expansion, and skews T-cell repertoire in multiple myeloma
Authors: Krejcik Jakub , Casneuf Tineke , Nijhof Inger S. , Verbist Bie , Bald Jaime , Plesner Torben , Syed Khaja , Liu Kevin , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Weiss Brendan M. , Ahmadi Tahamtan , Lokhorst Henk M. , Mutis Tuna , Sasser A. Kate
Published: May 2016

Key Points

CD38-expressing immunosuppressive regulatory T and B cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were sensitive to daratumumab treatment. Cytotoxic T-cell number, activation, and clonality increased after daratumumab treatment in heavily pretreated relapsed and refractory MM.
‘Satan demands total annihilation’: Heavy metal in the German Democratic Republic
Authors: Okunew Nikolai
Published: May 2016

East German Heavy Metal fans established themselves as the largest or second largest subculture of the GDR in the 1980s. Yet, only few academic works have explored this group. Using sources from the Stasi Record Agency (BStU), documents from the German Radio Archive (Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv Babelsberg) and academic works from ZIJ, GDR’s Central Institute for Youth Research (Zentralinsitut für Jugendforschung), this article describes the practices developed by the East German Heavy Metal fans to cope with their special situation behind the Iron Curtain. The article also explores how the regime tried to deal with these deviant youngsters. Their practices were so closely linked to the party-state that they served no function when the Berlin Wall came down. The subculture therefore shared the same fate as the GDR and quickly vanished in 1989/90.
Soft matter: Responsive architectural operations
Authors: Dahmen Joseph
Published: May 2016

Soft systems attempt to account for non-linear processes whose complexity derives from shifting interrelationships between elements. The move towards soft systems, whose stability is rooted in dynamism, represents a significant shift across disciplines with important implications for the way we approach architectural environments and materials. This article investigates the effects of physical and operational softness on the experience of architectural space through the lens of a recent installation using mycelium biocomposites, an emergent soft material. This contemporary exploration of architectural softness builds in new and technically sophisticated ways on earlier experiments in architectural softness that explored the promise of creating responsive and flexible architectures.
On complexism
Authors: Cogdell Christina
Published: May 2016

This article responds to Philip Galanter’s essay ‘Complexism and the role of evolutionary art’ to explore complexism in relation to postmodern and generative architecture. Galanter poses complexism as a new theoretical mode that can supercede the divides of modernism/postmodernism and the two cultures (sciences/arts and humanities). The author, rather than promoting complexism, examines it as if from afar, positioning it as our most recent scientifically informed paradigm. She asserts that, in many ways, complexism functions as an ideology permeating realms of cultural and intellectual production. Examples range from contemporary advertising to economic theory, political and economic protests such as the Occupy Movement, to the rhetorical and computational strategies in generative architecture. The author demonstrates that postmodernism in architecture was always theoretically tied to complex systems theory. Further, she connects the vagaries of application and extrapolation of complexity theory, across realms of current-day cultural production, to the definitional vagueness of some of complexism’s key terms (system, selforganization, emergence). Finally, she argues that two collateral effects of complexism are: (1) the promotion of dependence on environmentally damaging computational devices and (2) the socio-economic and environmental expulsions occurring in the global economy, as recently argued by sociologist Saskia Sassen.
Some complexes of N-aryl furfural nitrones with Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) chlorides
Authors: Taqa Amer A.
Published: May 2016

Some new metal(II) dichloride complexes with the ligands substituted nitrones of the general formula [ML2Cl2], where M= Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II), L=OCH=CHCH=C-CH=N(O)C6H4X (X=H,p-CH3,CH3O,CH3CO,F,Cl,and Br) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR,1H,13C NMR and Vis/Uv spectroscopy. The IR spectral data showed that the nitrone ligands coordinated with the metal ion through the most active atom of the N-oxide to give square planner coordinate (Cu,Ni,) complexes and (Zn,Cd,Co) tetrahedral complexes. No correlation was observed between the N-O vibrations stretching high frequency Î½ (N-O) of the complexes and the Hammet (Ïƒ) constants.
Hot Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel with Al-Si/Al-Si-Cr Coating
Authors: Fu Guangyan , Wu Yongzhao , Liu Qun , Li Rongguang , Su Yong
Published: May 2016

The 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel with Al-Si/Al-Si-Cr coatings is prepared by slurry process and vacuum diffusion, and the hot corrosion behavior of the stainless steel with/without the coatings is studied under the condition of Na2SO4 film at 950 °C in air. Results show that the corrosion kinetics of stainless steel, the stainless steel with Al-Si coating and the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating follow parabolic laws in several segments. After 24 h corrosion, the sequence of the mass gain for the three alloys is the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating < the stainless steel with Al-Si coating < the stainless steel without any coating. The corrosion products of the three alloys are layered. Thereinto, the corrosion products of stainless steel without coating are divided into two layers, where the outside layer contains a composite of Fe2O3 and FeO, and the inner layer is Cr2O3. The corrosion products of the stainless steel with Al-Si coating are also divided into two layers, of which the outside layer mainly consists of Cr2O3, and the inner layer is mainly SiO2. The corrosion film of the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating is thin and dense, which combines well with substrate. Thereinto, the outside layer is mainly Cr2O3, and the inside layer is Al2O3. In the matrix of all of the three alloys, there exist small amount of sulfides. Continuous and protective films of Cr2O3, SiO2 and Al2O3 form on the surface of the stainless steel with Al-Si and Al-Si-Cr coatings, which prevent further oxidation or sulfide corrosion of matrix metals, and this is the main reason for the much smaller mass gain of the two alloys than that of the stainless steel without any coatings in the 24 h hot corrosion process.
From a History of Exclusion to the Securitization of the Kurdish Issue: A Step of Democratic Regression in Turkey
Authors: Geri Maurizio
Published: May 2016

This article argues that the AKP government in Turkey is carrying on a strategy of securitization (Buzan, B., O. Wæver, and J. de Wilde. 1998.
Wenn aus Arbeit Abfall wird
Authors: Bardmann Theodor M.
Published: May 2016

Die Vorstellungen und Strategien zur Organisationsgestaltung im Management sind in den letzten Jahren in Bewegung geraten, während eine industriesoziologische Kritik ganz ruhig, fast selbstgefällig auf alten Interpretationsmustern auszuharren scheint. Die Kritik reflektiert die neue Haltung im Management als eine moderne Version der alten Ausbeutungsstrategie. Mit einem solchen Pauschalurteil wird übersehen, daß sich unter dem Titel ‚Organisationskultur‘ auch eine konstruktivistische Fraktion im Management zu formieren beginnt, die sich deutlich von der klassischen, instrumentalistischen Managementtradition absetzt. Die industriesoziologische Kritik nimmt diese Entwicklung nicht ernst genug und verspielt damit nicht nur Lernchancen für sich, sondern auch Veränderungsmöglichkeiten in der Arbeitswelt. Vor dem Hintergrund, daß die moderne Industriegesellschaft sich zunehmend durch den mit der Produktivität steigenden Anfall von Abfall bedroht sieht, scheint es angebracht, die klassischen Denkschemen im Management wie in der Managementkritik neu zu überdenken. Vor allem ist angesichts eines drohenden ‚Abfallinfarkts‘ das einseitige Bild der ‚produktiven Arbeit‘ zu revidieren und herauszustellen, daß alle Arbeit notwendig und unvermeidlich Abfall hervorbringt. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, dem Management wie seinen Kritikern durch eine Abfallperspektive vor Augen zu führen, daß es für das Abfallproblem eine ‚saubere Lösung‘, die hier wie da suggeriert wird, nicht gibt.
Das Ende einer Organisationsgesellschaft
Authors: Pollack Detlef
Published: May 2016

Die Studie unternimmt den Versuch, den gesellschaftlichen Umschwung in der DDR mit Hilfe differenzierungstheoretischer, organisationssoziologischer und risikotheoretischer Unterscheidungen zu erklären. Die Ursachen für den gesellschaftlichen Umbruch in der DDR werden nicht im revolutionären Handeln des Volkes gesehen, sondern in einem komplexen Zusammenwirken systeminterner und systemexterner Faktoren, das im Sommer 1989 zur Öffnung der ungarisch-österreichischen Grenze führte. Durch diese Grenzöffnung änderten sich die systeminternen Machtverhältnisse in der DDR grundlegend, und es kam zu einer explosionsartigen Austragung der durch die Geschlossenheit der Grenzen aufgestauten und systemintern unlösbar gewordenen Probleme und Spannungen. Handelte es sich bei der DDR vor der Öffnung der Grenzen um eine gesellschaftliche Differenzierungen unterdrückende Organisationsgesellschaft, so brachte die plötzlich gegebene Möglichkeit des Austritts aus der Organisationsgesellschaft und die damit gleichzeitig gegebene Möglichkeit des internen Widerspruchs die Statik des geschlossenen Systems zum Einsturz.
Arbeitslosigkeit und Erwerbsverlauf
Authors: Ludwig-Mayerhofer Wolfgang
Published: May 2016

Trotz neuerer Entwicklungen auf der konzeptuellen und methodischen Ebene, welche die dynamische Seite von Arbeitslosigkeit betonen, ist die Soziologie der Arbeitslosigkeit meist auf eine statische Betrachtungsweise gegründet. Dies ist hauptsächlich eine Folge des Gebrauchs von Daten amtlicher Statistiken, welche sich auf den Umfang und die Struktur des Arbeitslosenbestands beziehen. Arbeitslosigkeit tritt jedoch wesentlich häufiger im Erwerbsverlauf auf, als die amtlichen Daten vermuten lassen. Die Arbeit untersucht den weiteren Erwerbsverlauf einer Zugangsstichprobe von Arbeitslosen und versucht zu zeigen, daß dieser zu einem erheblichen Ausmaß im Licht des bisherigen Erwerbsverlaufs verstanden werden kann. Dies gilt besonders für Frauen, die im Anschluß an die Arbeitslosigkeit häufig aus dem Arbeitsmarkt austreten, wenn sie zwischen 25 und 40 Jahre alt sind bzw. dann, wenn sie kleine Kinder haben. Bei Männern zeigen sich dagegen kaum Effekte des Alters oder kleiner Kinder in der Familie. Außerdem ergibt sich, daß ein stabiler bisheriger Erwerbsverlauf auch eine längere Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit bewirkt, während Arbeitslose, die im bisherigen Erwerbsverlauf häufiger Beschäftigungsverhältnisse gewechselt haben, die Arbeitslosigkeit auch schneller verlassen, freilich auch schneller erneut arbeitslos werden.
Familiale Arbeitsteilung bei Studierenden mit Kleinkindern
Authors: Künzler Jan
Published: May 2016

Gerade bei jungen Frauen und Männern mit hohem Bildungsniveau haben sich in den letzten Jahren die Einstellungen zur familialen Arbeitsteilung stark gewandelt. Mittlerweile wird eine partnerschaftlich-egalitäre Verteilung der Pflichten im Haushalt mehrheitlich begrüßt. Um festzustellen, ob veränderte Einstellungen auch verhaltenswirksam geworden sind, wurden 66 Studentinnen und Studenten mit Kleinkindern mit Methoden der Zeitbudgetforschung zu Tagesablauf und Zeitverwendung befragt. Bei insgesamt im Vergleich zur Erwerbsbevölkerung hoher Gesamtbelastung waren auch hier Hausarbeit und Kinderbetreuung ungleich, und zwar zu Lasten der Frauen, verteilt. Studentinnen können daher wesentlich weniger Zeit in ihr Studium investieren als Studenten. Immerhin hatte eine relativ große Minderheit partnerschaftliche Formen der Arbeitsteilung verwirklicht.
Die ästhetische Dimension des Parsonsschen Voluntarismus
Authors: Kurt Ronald
Published: May 2016

Unter der Optik der ästhetischen Theorie Friedrich Schillers offenbart die voluntaristische Handlungstheorie Talcott Parsons’ Gehalte, die sich für eine Theorie des ästhetischen Handelns nutzbar machen lassen. Der Voluntarismus und die Ästhetik Schillers zielen auf den Punkt, wo Handlungsdynamik und Handlungssteuerung durch einen frei bestimmten Konsens zwischen Neigung und Regel ihres Spannungsverhältnisses verlustig gehen. Allein diese Selbstbestimmung wird bei Schiller und Parsons kantianisch als Einsicht in die praktische Vernunft respektive das gesellschaftlich Gegebene gedacht. So wird Konformismus ästhetisch verklärt. Das allgemeine Handlungssystem weist einen Weg aus dieser Mißlichkeit, indem es Selbstbestimmung als kreative Reflexion sozialkultureller Gehalte kenntlich zu machen in der Lage ist. Ist diese im Handeln an Kathexis und Ausdruck gebunden, so ist eine neue harmonische Vermittlung von Neigung und Regel gestiftet, welche die differenzlose Differenz des ästhetisch-voluntaristischen Nullpunktes, in dem Handlungsdynamik und Handlungssteuerung zusammenfallen, vom Sozialkulturellen in Richtung des Persönlichen verschiebt.
Am Ende der kritischen Soziologie
Authors: Luhmann Niklas
Published: May 2016

Die kritische Soziologie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft wird heute nicht durch politische, sondern durch wissenschaftliche Innovationen verunsichert: Provozierender als das Ende des Sozialismus stellt das Ende der ontologischen Weltkonzeption sie in Frage. Der Beitrag schlägt den Übergang zu einer genau darauf eingestellten Theorie der Beobachtung zweiter Ordnung vor. Dabei können Anregungen zu Latenzaufklärung und Ideologiekritik aufgenommen und reorganisiert werden. Die epistemologischen Weiterungen betreffen jedoch den Realitätsbegriff selbst und reichen damit hinaus über das, was innerhalb der kritischen Soziologie bisher formuliert worden ist. Die Differenzen lassen sich unter anderem an der klassischen Krisensemantik und an den Paradoxien eines dazu passenden Anspruchs „kritischer“, nämlich jeweils eigener Überlegenheit demonstrieren.