bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liver protects neuron viability and electrocortical activity in post-cardiac arrest brain injury
Authors: Guo Zhiyong , Yin Meixian , Sun Chengjun , Xu Guixing , Wang Tielong , Jia Zehua , Zhang Zhiheng , Zhu Caihui , Zheng Donghua , Wang Linhe , Huang Shanzhou , Liu Di , Zhang Yixi , Xie Rongxing , Gao Ningxin , Zhan Liqiang , He Shujiao , Zhu Yifan , Li Yuexin , Nashan Björn , Andrea Schlegel , Xu Jin , Zhao Qiang , He Xiaoshun
Published: September 2024

Brain injury is the leading cause of mortality among patients who survive cardiac arrest (CA). Clinical studies have shown that the presence of post-CA hypoxic hepatitis or pre-CA liver disease is associated with increased mortality and inferior neurological recovery. In our in vivo global cerebral ischemia model, we observed a larger infarct area, elevated tissue injury scores, and increased intravascular CD45+ cell adhesion in reperfused brains with simultaneous hepatic ischemia than in those without it. In the ex vivo brain normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) model, we demonstrated that addition of a functioning liver to the brain NMP circuit significantly reduced post-CA brain injury, increased neuronal viability, and improved electrocortical activity. Furthermore, significant alterations were observed in both the transcriptome and metabolome in the presence or absence of hepatic ischemia. Our study highlights the crucial role of the liver in the pathogenesis of post-CA brain injury.
Development of chemiluminescent systems and devices for analytical applications
Authors: Dong Zhiyong , Du Fangxin , Hanif Saima , Tian Yu , Xu Guobao
Published: September 2024

Chemiluminescent luminophores, coreactants, catalysts and sonochemiluminescence devices are highlighted.
Reactive molecular dynamics simulations on the hotspot formation and pyrolysis mechanisms of the TNBI/TANPDO cocrystal: effects of defects with different nano-void sizes
Authors: Sun Zijian , Ji Jincheng , Zhu Weihua
Published: September 2024

The effects of void defect sizes on the hotspot formation and pyrolysis mechanism of the high-energy cocrystal TNBI/TANPDO were quantitatively assessed by ReaxFF-lg molecular dynamics simulations.
Desensitization of spherical CL-20 composites by embedding insensitive nanosized energetic crystals
Authors: Xue Zhi-Hua , Xu Ruixuan , Qin Jianheng , Wang Zikangping , Liu Yu , Yan Qi-Long
Published: September 2024

CL-20-based co-particles with a PDA interfacial layer were prepared via self-assembly assisted by a spray-drying technique. High energy density and suitable mechanical sensitivity for prepared co-particles were simultaneously achieved.
Probing the protonation and reduction of heptavalent neptunium with computational guidance
Authors: Benthin Grant C. , Rajapaksha Harindu , Markun Emma L. , Mason Sara E. , Forbes Tori Z.
Published: September 2024

Computational and experimental results detail the speciation and stability of Np(vii) under varied pH conditions. Sequential protonation reactions and their thermodynamic feasibility for the Np(vii)O4(OH)23+ to Np(vi)O22+ transition are discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of divalent metal–betaine–bistriflimide complexes: a property comparison with metal bistriflimide salts
Authors: Guglielmero Luca , Ciccone Lidia , Mezzetta Andrea , D'Andrea Felicia , Guazzelli Lorenzo , Pomelli Christian Silvio
Published: September 2024

A panel of metal–betaine–bistriflimide complexes and metal bistriflimide salts (sharing the same metal cations) has been synthesized, and a first comprehensive investigation of their physical–chemical properties has been performed.
The Impacts of Co-Occurring Developmental Language Disorder on the Academic, Interpersonal, and Behavioral Profiles of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Hannig Russell Kirsten M. , Redmond Sean M.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial disorder that has been linked to increased risk for behavioral, academic, and interpersonal problems. Developmental language disorder (DLD) has also been linked to poor outcomes in these areas. The presence of co-occurring disorders in children's profiles is generally associated with poorer outcomes relative to profiles consisting of only one disorder. This study investigated the extent to which co-occurring DLD in children already identified with ADHD presented increased risk for severity of their primary ADHD symptoms, the presence of secondary behavioral problems, and/or increased problems in the tertiary areas of academic performance and interpersonal interactions.

Method:

Data from 90 children from combined community-based and clinically based study samples were used in this retrospective study. Behavioral, academic, and social attributes were assessed from parent ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist.

Results:

Results indicated primary symptoms of ADHD and related tertiary interpersonal consequences were not increased when co-occurring DLD was present. However, the co-occurrence of DLD on ADHD resulted in increased risk for secondary externalizing problems and deficits in academic performance.

Conclusions:

Outcomes highlight the need for high-quality collaborations among clinical professionals, school-based professionals, and parents to ensure the complex needs of children with ADHD are adequately addressed. Children with ADHD who have elevated externalizing behaviors and who are struggling academically should be tested for possible co-occurring DLD.
Visible and near‐infrared image fusion based on information complementarity
Authors: Li Zhuo , Pu Shiliang , Ji Mengqi , Zeng Feng , Li Bo
Published: September 2024

Images with complementary spectral information can be recorded using image sensors that can identify visible and near‐infrared spectrum. The fusion of visible and near‐infrared (NIR) aims to enhance the quality of images acquired by video monitoring systems for the ease of user observation and data processing. Unfortunately, current fusion algorithms produce artefacts and colour distortion since they cannot make use of spectrum properties and are lacking in information complementarity. Therefore, an information complementarity fusion (ICF) model is designed based on physical signals. In order to separate high‐frequency noise from important information in distinct frequency layers, the authors first extracted texture‐scale and edge‐scale layers using a two‐scale filter. Second, the difference map between visible and near‐infrared was filtered using the extended‐DoG filter to produce the initial visible‐NIR complementary weight map. Then, to generate a guide map, the near‐infrared image with night adjustment was processed as well. The final complementarity weight map was subsequently derived via an arctanI function mapping using the guide map and the initial weight maps. Finally, fusion images were generated with the complementarity weight maps. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art in both avoiding artificial colours as well as effectively utilising information complementarity.
A novel target detection method with dual‐domain multi‐frequency feature in side‐scan sonar images
Authors: Wang Wen , Zhang Yifan , Li Houpu , Kang Yixin , Liu Lei , Chen Cheng , Zhai Guojun
Published: September 2024

Side‐scan sonar (SSS) detection is a key method in underwater environmental security and subsea resource development. However, many detection approaches primarily concentrate on tracking the evolution path of optical image object detection tasks when using acoustic images, resulting in complex structures and limited versatility. To tackle this issue, we introduce a pioneering dual‐domain multi‐frequency network (D2MFNet) meticulously crafted to harness the distinct characteristics of SSS image detection. In D2MFNet, a novel method for optimizing and improving the detection sensitivity in different frequency ranges called multi‐frequency combined attention mechanism (MFCAM) is proposed. This mechanism amplifies the relevance of dual‐domain features across different channels and spaces. Moreover, we introduce a dual‐domain feature pyramid network (D2FPN) significantly augments the depth and breadth of feature information in underwater small datasets. The methods offer plug‐and‐play functionality with substantial performance enhancements. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the efficacy of the proposed techniques, and the results showcase their state‐of‐the‐art performance. MFCAM improves the mAP by 16.9% in the KLSG dataset and 15.5% in the SCTD dataset. The mAP of D2FPN was improved by 8.4% in the KLSG dataset and by 9.8% in the SCTD dataset. The code and models will be publicly available at https://dagshub.com/estrellaww00/D2MFNet.
Slow and steady does the trick: Slow outflows enhance the fragmentation of molecular clouds
Authors: Laužikas M. , Zubovas K.
Published: September 2024

Context. Most massive galaxies host a supermassive black hole at their centre. Matter accretion creates an active galactic nucleus (AGN), forming a relativistic particle wind. The wind heats and pushes the interstellar medium, producing galactic-wide outflows. Fast outflows remove the gas from galaxies and quench star formation, and while slower (υ < 500 km s−1) outflows are ubiquitous, their effect is less clear but can be both positive and negative.

Aims. We wish to understand the conditions required for positive feedback. We investigated the effect that slow and warm-hot outflows have on the dense gas clouds in the host galaxy. We aim to constrain the region of outflow and cloud parameter space, if any, where the passage of the outflow enhances star formation.

Methods. We used numerical simulations of virtual ‘wind tunnels’ to investigate the interaction of isolated turbulent spherical clouds (103;4;5 M⊙) with slow outflows (10 km s−1 ≤ υout ≤ 400 km s−1) spanning a wide range of temperatures (104;5;6 K). We modelled 57 systems in total.

Results. We find that warm outflows compress the clouds and enhance gas fragmentation at velocities ≤ 200 km s−1, while hot (Tout = 106 K) outflows increase fragmentation rates even at moderate velocities of 400 km s−1. Cloud acceleration, on the other hand, is typically inefficient, with dense gas only attaining velocities of <0.1 υout.

Conclusions. We suggest three primary scenarios where positive feedback on star formation is viable: stationary cloud compression by slow outflows in low-powered AGN, sporadic enhancement in shear flow layers formed by luminous AGN, and self-compression in fragmenting AGN-driven outflows. We also consider other potential scenarios where suitable conditions arise, such as compression of galaxy discs and supernova explosions. Our results are consistent with current observational constraints and with previous works investigating triggered star formation in these disparate domains.
Modelling of eclipsing binary systems with pulsating components and tertiary companions: BF Vel and RR Lep
Authors: Liakos A. , Moriarty D. J. W. , Erdem A. , West J. F. , Evans P.
Published: September 2024

This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of RR Lep and BF Vel, two southern short-period, semi-detached, oscillating Algols (oEA stars) that have been shown to be triple systems. We determined the spectral types of the primary components and calculated the radial velocities from spectra observed with the Australian National University’s 2.3 m telescope and Wide Field Spectrograph. The spectra of the Na I D doublet confirmed the presence of tertiary components that were apparent in the broadening function analyses. During primary eclipses chromospherical activity in their secondary components was apparent in their Hα spectra; it was also apparent in the Na I D spectra of BF Vel with its almost complete annular eclipse. Ground-based telescopes were used for observations in several pass bands for photometric analyses. These observations were complemented by data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, allowing us to model the light curves, followed by a detailed analysis of pulsations. Eclipse-timing variation (ETV) analyses of both systems were used to determine the most likely mechanisms modulating the orbital period. We found mass values of M1 = 2.9 M⊙ and M2 = 0.75 M⊙ for the components of RR Lep, along with M1 = 1.93 M⊙ and M2 = 0.97 M⊙ for those of BF Vel. By integrating information from photometry, spectroscopy, and ETV analysis, we found that tertiary components revolve around both systems. The primary star of RR Lep pulsates in 36 frequencies; of these, five were identified as independent modes, with the dominant one being 32.28 d−1. The pulsating component of BF Vel oscillates in 37 frequencies, with the frequency 46.73 d−1 revealed as the only independent mode. For both systems, a number of frequencies were found to be related to the orbital frequency. Their physical properties were compared with other oEA stars in mass-radius and Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams, while the pulsational properties of their δ Sct components were compared with currently known systems of this type within the orbital-pulsation period and logg-pulsation period diagrams.
Disruption of a massive molecular cloud by a supernova in the Galactic Centre
Authors: Nonhebel M. , Barnes A. T. , Immer K. , Armijos-Abendaño J. , Bally J. , Battersby C. , Burton M. G. , Butterfield N. , Colzi L. , García P. , Ginsburg A. , Henshaw J. D. , Hu Y. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Klessen R. S. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Liang F.-H. , Longmore S. N. , Lu X. , Martín S. , Mills E. A. C. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Petkova M. A. , Pineda J. E. , Rivilla V. M. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Santa-Maria M. G. , Smith H. A. , Sofue Y. , Sormani M. C. , Tolls V. , Walker D. L. , Wallace J. , Wang Q. D. , Williams G. M. , Xu F.-W.
Published: September 2024

The Milky Way’s Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) differs dramatically from our local solar neighbourhood, both in the extreme interstellar medium conditions it exhibits (e.g. high gas, stellar, and feedback density) and in the strong dynamics at play (e.g. due to shear and gas influx along the bar). Consequently, it is likely that there are large-scale physical structures within the CMZ that cannot form elsewhere in the Milky Way. In this paper, we present new results from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) large programme ACES (ALMA CMZ Exploration Survey) and conduct a multi-wavelength and kinematic analysis to determine the origin of the M0.8–0.2 ring, a molecular cloud with a distinct ring-like morphology. We estimate the projected inner and outer radii of the M0.8–0.2 ring to be 79″ and 154″, respectively (3.1 pc and 6.1 pc at an assumed Galactic Centre distance of 8.2 kpc) and calculate a mean gas density >104 cm−3, a mass of ~106 M⊙, and an expansion speed of ~20 km s−1, resulting in a high estimated kinetic energy (>1051 erg) and momentum (>107 M⊙ km s−1). We discuss several possible causes for the existence and expansion of the structure, including stellar feedback and large-scale dynamics. We propose that the most likely cause of the M0.8–0.2 ring is a single high-energy hypernova explosion. To viably explain the observed morphology and kinematics, such an explosion would need to have taken place inside a dense, very massive molecular cloud, the remnants of which we now see as the M0.8–0.2 ring. In this case, the structure provides an extreme example of how supernovae can affect molecular clouds.
Global and local dynamics of X-flare-producing active regions during solar cycle 25 peak phase
Authors: Raphaldini B. , Dikpati M. , Teruya A. S. W. , Jain K. , Norton A. A. , McIntosh S. W.
Published: September 2024

Context. The configuration of the longitudinally elongated region that active regions (ARs) cluster around, known as a toroid belt, has been shown to be an indicator of intense activity. In particular, complex ARs at locations in the north and/or south toroids tend to appear “tipped-away” with respect to each other. On the other hand, magnetic helicity has been used as an indicator of flare activity in ARs.

Aims. As solar cycle (SC) 25 approaches its peak, a number of significant (X-class) flares have been produced. Here, we investigate the circumstances surrounding two of the most flare-prolific ARs of solar cycle 25, namely, ARs 13590 and 13514. Two aspects of the evolution of these ARs are investigated in this work: the global-scale magnetic toroid configuration and small-scale magnetic field morphology and topology – before, during, and after the onset of major flares.

Methods. We studied the global morphology of the solar magnetic fields near intense flares in terms of the spatial distribution of ARs on magnetic fields synoptic maps. On AR scales, we analyzed the magnetic helicity accumulation, as well as its current-carrying and potential components.

Results. Our results are consistent with major flare-prolific ARs from solar cycles 23 and 24. In particular, we observe a consistent dominance of current-carrying magnetic helicity at the time of major flares. The evolution of global magnetic toroids, indicating the occurrence of flare-prolific ARs in the tipped-away portion of the toroid, together with the local dynamics of complex ARs, could offer a few weeks of lead time to prepare for upcoming space weather hazards.
Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) retaining wall at hotel in Bariloche City
Authors: Mendiz Augusto , de Loyola Felipe , dal Farra Federico
Published: September 2024

In the city of Bariloche, Argentina after heavy rains, among other things, a slope failure occurred. At the top of it there were gabions, which, due to the loss of stability, together with a large mass of soil and trees, collided tragically against the facilities of the Hotel. This article describes the use of geosynthetics for the construction of a 20m high MSE (Mechanically Stabilized Earth) retaining wall in order to contain the slope soil. At the same time, the consequent drainages for water runoff and the release of hydrostatic pressures needed to be considered. Instead of gabions, a wall made of prefabricated concrete blocks was proposed, along with PVA geogrids for slope stabilization and soil reinforcement. Due to the large size of the slope, a stepped wall with six terraces was proposed, which would later be naturally vegetated. Each wall was locally dimensioned for a specified height, and then a global stability verification of the structure was carried out.The inclusion of geosynthetic reinforcements in the soil for the construction of a reinforced wall results in a material with better mechanical characteristics. This solution offers significant technical and economic advantages, increasing the shear strength of the system (ensuring stability), reducing the deformability of the structure (both in static and seismic conditions), and saving construction time and material. Thanks to their excellent interaction properties, reinforcement geosynthetics (flexible elements with stiffness and tensile strength) work together with the soil, connecting the potentially "unstable" region (active zone) with the "stable" region (passive zone) for a given failure surface. Furthermore, the system flexibility and adaptability allowed the structure to be adapted in an aesthetic way, respecting the site architecture and environment.
Bioflavonoid Daidzein: Therapeutic Insights, Formulation Advances,
and Future Directions
Authors: Ahmad Sana , Ahsan Farogh , Ansari Javed Akhtar , Mahmood Tarique , Bano Shahzadi , Shahanawaz Mo.
Published: September 2024

Bioflavonoids, are a diverse group of phytonutrients that are widely distributed
in fruits, vegetables, grains, teas, and certain medicinal herbs. They are
characterized by their antioxidant properties and play essential roles in plant
biology, such as providing color to fruits and flowers, protecting plants from
environmental stresses. Daidzein, a bioflavonoid classified under natural
products, is sourced from plants like soybeans and legumes. It exists in forms
such as glycosides and aglycones, with equol and trihydroxy isoflavone being key
metabolites formed by gut bacteria. Known for its wide-ranging therapeutic
potential, daidzein has shown effects on cardiovascular health, cancer,
diabetes, skin conditions, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its
mechanisms include interaction with estrogen receptors, antioxidative and
anti-inflammatory properties, and modulation of apoptosis and cell cycles.
Recent advances in formulation technologies aimed at enhancing daidzeinʼs
bioavailability and efficacy are critically evaluated, including
nanoparticle-based delivery systems and encapsulation strategies. Researchers
have developed advanced formulations like nanoparticles and liposomes to enhance
daidzeinʼs solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery.
Considered a promising nutraceutical, daidzein warrants further exploration into
its molecular actions and safety profile to fully realize its clinical
potential. This review offers a succinct overview encompassing therapeutic
benefits, chemical characteristics, historical uses, toxicology insights, recent
advancements in delivery systems, and future directions for daidzein
research.
Pregnancy Metabolic Adaptation and Changes in Placental Metabolism in Preeclampsia
Authors: Li Yaxi , Ma Ling , He Ruifen , Teng Fei , Qin Xue , Liang Xiaolei , Wang Jing
Published: September 2024

Pregnancy is a unique physiological state in which the maternal body undergoes a series of changes in the metabolism of glucose, lipids, amino acids, and other nutrients in order to adapt to the altered state of pregnancy and provide adequate nutrients for the fetus’ growth and development. The metabolism of various nutrients is regulated by one another in order to maintain homeostasis in the body. Failure to adapt to the altered physiological conditions of pregnancy can lead to a range of pregnancy issues, including fetal growth limitation and preeclampsia. A failure of metabolic adaptation during pregnancy is linked to the emergence of preeclampsia. The treatment of preeclampsia by focusing on metabolic changes may provide new therapeutic alternatives.
Substitutional Cu doping at the cation sites in Ba2YNbO6 toward improved visible-light photoactivity—A first-principles HSE06 study
Authors: Ghosh Sankha
Published: September 2024

Artificial photosynthesis holds immense promise for sustainable clean energy harvesting, with recent strides in material engineering with the earth abundant elements enabling efficient utilization of the visible solar spectrum for photoelectrochemical catalytic water splitting. Here, we have investigated the impact of substitutional Cu doping at all three cation sites in Ba2YNbO6 (BYN) using density functional theory calculations at the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof-06 level. One of the key findings is that the defect formation energy follows the hierarchy Nb > Ba > Y. The presence of an oxygen vacancy (OV) enhances the co-solubility of Cu substitution of Nb, particularly when placed outside the CuO6 unit, while it has a contrary effect for Y substitution. Cu replacement reduces the bandgap as Nb > Y ≫ Ba vis-à-vis pure BYN, while extending it into the visible part of the solar spectrum for Nb and Y replacement cases, albeit with OV causing a slight blue shift to them, without reducing the oxidation state of Cu due to strong charge-delocalization. Cu doping at Y and Nb sites retains the direct band transition character of BYN, a feature removed by OV. While all the bare Cu doped systems exhibit formation of a weak electron polaron, the placement of OV tends to annihilate this except for the system comprising first nearest neighbor placement of an OV relative to the Cu substitution at an Nb site. Notably, Cu doping at the Nb site significantly enhances optical activity, particularly ∼2.0–2.5 eV, resulting in promising candidates for photoelectrochemical catalysts.
Impulse coupling enhancement of aluminum targets under laser irradiation in a soft polymer confined geometry
Authors: Le Bras C. , Lescoute E. , Chevalier J-M. , Boutoux G. , Hébert D.
Published: September 2024

Laser pulses were applied to a target mounted on a ballistic pendulum to study the momentum imparted by a laser shock impact. Photonic Doppler Velocimetry was used to assess the momentum imparted by each laser pulse. To increase the momentum produced, a layer of polymer transparent to the laser wavelength was applied to the surface of the targets to confine the plasma generated as a result of the laser–matter interaction. This yielded momentum coupling coefficients one hundred times higher than those obtained for equivalent laser parameters in the classical direct regime configuration. The study was completed by simulating the experiments with the one-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamics code ESTHER, which showed good agreement with the experimental results.
Local and global dynamics of a prey–predator system with fear, Allee effect, and variable attack rate
Authors: P Shri Harine , Kumar Ankit , K P Reshma
Published: September 2024

Fear prompts prey to adopt risk-averse behaviors, such as reduced foraging activity, increased vigilance, and avoidance of areas with high predator presence, which affects its reproduction. In a real scenario, a population requires a minimum density to avoid extinction, known as an Allee threshold. In light of these biological factors, we propose a predator–prey model with (i) a fear effect in a prey population, (ii) an Allee effect in a predator population, and (iii) a non-constant attack rate that modifies the functional response. We ensured the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions and examined the local and global stability status for each existing steady state solutions. We investigated some deep dynamical properties of the system by varying different parameters, such as cost of fear in prey and strength of the Allee effect in predators and their mortality rate. In codimension one bifurcations, we observed saddle node, Hopf, homoclinic, and coalescence of two limit cycles. Additionally, codimension two bifurcations were observed, including Bautin and Bogdanov Takens bifurcations. To provide a clearer understanding of these bifurcations, we conducted biparametric analysis involving the fear and Allee parameters, as well as the fear parameter and predator mortality rate. Our investigation shows that cost of fear and strength of Allee strongly influences the survival status of the predator. Furthermore, bistability and tristability reveal that the survival and extinction of predator are dependent on the initial population level. Numerical simulations and graphical illustrations are provided to support and validate our theoretical findings.
Calibration of Jones–Wilkins–Lee equation of state for unreacted explosives with shock Hugoniot relationship and optimization algorithm
Authors: Cui Hao , Wu Junan , Xu Yuxin , Zhou Hao , Guo Rui
Published: September 2024

The unreacted equation of state (EOS) for an unreacted explosive can provide fundamental information to understand any analytical model for the shock and initiation process. Based on the Hugoniot expression in Jones–Wilkins–Lee (JWL) form derived from the Mie–Grüneisen EOS and conservation equation across the shock wave, a three-point calibrating method to determine the JWL EOS parameters for unreacted explosives was developed using intelligent algorithms and shock Hugoniot relationship of the explosives considered. The calibration method proposed utilizes the back propagation neural network to predict the nonlinear system composed of different JWL parameter sets; the genetic algorithm is then used to find the optimal solution of the JWL parameter set. Unreacted JWL EOS parameters of eight typical explosives were calibrated using the calibrating method developed, and an excellent agreement can be observed between JWL EOS and experimental p–v curves for all eight explosives selected, indicating the high accuracy of the three-point calibrating method. However, the effectiveness of the three-point calibrating method was experimentally validated with the experimental data measured from the shock tests of the dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bitetrazole-1,1′-dioxide (TKX-50)-based explosive, where the JWL p–v curve derived from the three-point calibrating method is in good agreement with the experimental curve.
Coupled terahertz quantum cascade wire lasers
Authors: Ertl Marie C. , Jaidl Michael , Limbacher Benedikt , Theiner Dominik , Giparakis Miriam , Isceri Stefania , Beiser Maximilian , Andrews Aaron Maxwell , Strasser Gottfried , Darmo Juraj , Unterrainer Karl
Published: September 2024

We present mutual optical coupling in terahertz (THz) quantum cascade wire laser arrays that are flip-chip bonded to a dielectric substrate. The mounting substrate is patterned for individual electrical contacting of each wire laser of the array. The resulting sandwich-like structure supports wire laser modes with a significant part propagating outside the cavity and mediates the long range coupling. The evanescent field part of the modes couples to the adjoining ridge, which, in turn, leads to mutual optical injection-locking between them. We demonstrate this effect for both geometrically similar and dissimilar wire lasers when biased in pulsed operation with temporally overlapping bias pulses. Finite element simulations confirm our measurement results. By applying time-shifted bias pulses to individual array elements, a controllable optical injection seeding of the wire cavity is achieved. We observe intensity modification of the laser modes with changing bias pulse overlap as a result of the injection locking. By choosing both the physical spacing of the laser ridges and the intensity of the seeding laser correctly, the relative intensities of the favored lasing modes are enhanced up to 95 percent. Understanding the coupling in THz wire laser arrays is important for future device improvements in terms of higher continuous-wave operating temperatures through better thermal dissipation, and higher output power and an improved far field due to controlled coupling of their modes.
Overlapping effect of detonation driving during multi-point initiation
Authors: Li Yuan , Guo Yuan , Suo Tao , Li Xiaogang , Wen Yuquan
Published: September 2024

Employing multi-point initiation in warhead structures produces a detonation wave aiming warhead. Numerous studies have concentrated on enhancing the velocity and analyzing its distribution in this type of warhead. Researchers have developed formulas for the velocity distribution of asymmetrically one-line initiated warheads; however, a reliable and complete calculation method for the velocity distribution in asymmetrically two-line initiated warheads is yet to be established. A new idea is proposed and verified in this work: the velocity distribution for the asymmetric two-line initiation can be derived from that of the one-line initiation. Initial efforts include conducting experimentally verified numerical modeling to examine the propagation and interaction of detonation waves in asymmetrically two-line initiated warheads. Subsequently, using the principle of independent propagation, a model is formulated to use the velocity distribution from asymmetric one-line initiation to predict that of asymmetric two-line initiations. Finally, arena tests are performed to corroborate the overlapping model. This research can provide valuable insights for lethality assessment, protection design, and security analysis.
Nuclear dualism without extensive DNA elimination in the ciliate
Loxodes magnus
Authors: Seah Brandon K. B. , Singh Aditi , Vetter David E. , Emmerich Christiane , Peters Moritz , Soltys Volker , Huettel Bruno , Swart Estienne C.
Published: September 2024

Most eukaryotes have one nucleus and nuclear genome per cell. Ciliates have instead evolved distinct nuclei that coexist in each cell: a silent germline vs. transcriptionally active somatic nuclei. In the best-studied model species, both nuclei can divide asexually, but only germline nuclei undergo meiosis and karyogamy during sex. Thereafter, thousands of DNA segments, called internally eliminated sequences (IESs), are excised from copies of the germline genomes to produce the streamlined somatic genome. In
Loxodes
, however, somatic nuclei cannot divide but instead develop from germline copies even during asexual cell division, which would incur a huge overhead cost if genome editing was required. Here, we purified and sequenced both genomes in
Loxodes magnus
to see whether their nondividing somatic nuclei are associated with differences in genome architecture. Unlike in other ciliates studied to date, we did not find canonical germline-limited IESs, implying
Loxodes
does not extensively edit its genomes. Instead, both genomes appear large and equivalent, replete with retrotransposons and repetitive sequences, unlike the compact, gene-rich somatic genomes of other ciliates. Two other hallmarks of nuclear development in ciliates—domesticated DDE-family transposases and editing-associated small RNAs—were also not found. Thus, among the ciliates,
Loxodes
genomes most resemble those of conventional eukaryotes. Nonetheless, base modifications, histone marks, and nucleosome positioning of vegetative
Loxodes
nuclei are consistent with functional differentiation between actively transcribed somatic vs. inactive germline nuclei. Given their phylogenetic position, it is likely that editing was present in the ancestral ciliate but secondarily lost in the
Loxodes
lineage.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate restores DNA repair activity of PNKP and ameliorates neurodegenerative symptoms in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Chakraborty Anirban , Sreenivasmurthy Sravan Gopalkrishnashetty , Miller Wyatt , Huai Weihan , Biswas Tapan , Mandal Santi Mohan , Boscá Lisardo , Krishnan Balaji , Ghosh Gourisankar , Hazra Tapas
Published: September 2024

Huntington’s disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) are the two most prevalent polyglutamine (polyQ) neurodegenerative diseases, caused by CAG (encoding glutamine) repeat expansion in the coding region of the huntingtin (HTT) and ataxin-3 (ATXN3) proteins, respectively. We have earlier reported that the activity, but not the protein level, of an essential DNA repair enzyme, polynucleotide kinase 3′-phosphatase (PNKP), is severely abrogated in both HD and SCA3 resulting in accumulation of double-strand breaks in patients’ brain genome. While investigating the mechanistic basis for the loss of PNKP activity and accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks leading to neuronal death, we observed that PNKP interacts with the nuclear isoform of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). Depletion of PFKFB3 markedly abrogates PNKP activity without changing its protein level. Notably, the levels of both PFKFB3 and its product fructose-2,6 bisphosphate (F2,6BP), an allosteric modulator of glycolysis, are significantly lower in the nuclear extracts of postmortem brain tissues of HD and SCA3 patients. Supplementation of F2,6BP restored PNKP activity in the nuclear extracts of patients’ brain. Moreover, intracellular delivery of F2,6BP restored both the activity of PNKP and the integrity of transcribed genome in neuronal cells derived from the striatum of the HD mouse. Importantly, supplementing F2,6BP rescued the HD phenotype in Drosophila, suggesting F2,6BP to serve in vivo as a cofactor for the proper functionality of PNKP and thereby, of brain health. Our results thus provide a compelling rationale for exploring the therapeutic use of F2,6BP and structurally related compounds for treating polyQ diseases.
The emergence of clausal nominalizations in Laz
Authors: Demirok Ömer , Öztürk Balkız
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a survey of complementation strategies that are employed in Pazar and Ardesheni dialects of
Laz, an endangered South Caucasian language that has been in contact with Turkish for decades. Our survey reveals strong
signatures of contact in that nominalization patterns not present in cognate systems but present in Turkish seem to have been
transferred into Laz. An intriguing asymmetry concerning the two dialects is that the Turkish noninalization pattern seems to have
been directly copied into Pazar Laz whereas Ardesheni Laz seems to have developed a novel complementation pattern that mixes
finite complementation with nominalization. Furthermore, in both dialects, complement clauses that denote propositions remain
untouched by the dominant nominalization strategy in Turkish, raising questions on grammatical asymmetries in susceptibility to
contact effects.
Exploring the human-bearded dragon animal bond: A qualitative content analysis of Reddit posts
Authors: Lovell Leana , Chur-Hansen Anna
Published: September 2024

The impact of companion animals on humans has been extensively investigated. Previous and current literature has overwhelmingly focused on traditional companion animals, such as cats and dogs. Despite many individuals living with non-traditional companion animals, the research surrounding the impact they have on our lives remains understudied in comparison to traditional companion animals. Bearded dragons are currently the most popular type of reptiles as non-traditional companion animals, yet the perceived biopsychosocial impacts they may have on individuals remain relatively unexplored. The present study aimed to answer the following research questions: (1) What topics do people post to a subreddit forum dedicated to bearded dragon guardians? and (2) What do posts to the bearded dragon subreddit forum suggest about the human-bearded dragon bond? The website Reddit was systematically searched for relevant online subreddit communities targeted toward people with bearded dragons. Posts made by individuals to the chosen subreddit were collected. A conventional qualitative content analysis was performed on 2903 posts, producing five overarching categories: (1) The human-animal bond between bearded dragons and humans; (2) Use of bearded dragon Reddit forum; (3) Health and medical concerns; (4) Psychological effects; and (5) Social effects. Findings provide insight into how individuals with bearded dragons used and engaged with the online Reddit forum as well as how they reported the human-bearded dragon animal bond. The novel findings reported in this study warrant further research to explore the unique bonds formed between humans and non-traditional companion animals, including further investigation regarding bearded dragons and the various effects they may have on human life.
HERTHENA-Lung02: Phase III clinical trial of patritumab deruxtecan in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC following EGFR TKI therapy
Authors: Mok Tony
Published: September 2024

This video article presents the phase III HERTHENA-Lung02 study protocol, investigating the use of patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
A GPU based 3D raytracing algorithm for DUED laser fusion code
Authors: Savino L , Schiavi A , Atzeni S
Published: September 2024

These days, graphical processing units (GPUs) deliver performance comparable to that of hundreds of CPU cores. This level of performance allows certain classes of simulations to be run in-house on a standard consumer workstation, eliminating the need for a cluster. In this paper, it is shown that medium-resolution, 2D radiation hydrodynamics simulations for laser-driven inertial confinement fusion with realistic 3D laser raytracing can now be conducted on a single consumer device. A novel raytracing module has indeed been developed for the 2D Lagrangian radiation-hydro-nuclear code DUED (Atzeni 1986 Comput. Phys. Commun.
43 107–24; Atzeni et al 2005 Comput. Phys. Commun.
169 153–9) to leverage the computational power of GPUs. By employing 3D raytracing, more realistic investigations of laser-driven plasmas become feasible, with a particular focus on perturbations resulting from non-uniform laser irradiation.
Annealing influence on stoichiometry and band alignment of 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Yuan Ruihong , Wang Jingqi , Chen Tianyu , He Mu , Ma Yao , Huang Mingmin , Liu Liqiang , Li Yun , Yang Zhimei , Gong Min , Xu Qian , Huang Wende
Published: September 2024

Post oxidation annealing (POA) is a crucial technique for enhancing the performance of SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). This study investigates the impact of nitrogen-based POA on the 4H–SiC/SiO2 interface, utilizing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to assess changes in stoichiometry and band alignment. We discovered that high-temperature nitrogen POA significantly refines the interface quality, shifting the SiO
x
C
y
binding energy from 101.3 eV (at 400 °C) to 102.1 eV (at 1150 °C) and reducing the C:Si ratio from 1.120 (at 400 °C) to 0.972 (at 1150 °C), indicating reoxidation and transition from C-rich interface to Si-rich interface. Despite improvements, the conduction band offset at the interface, decreases from 2.59 eV to 1.62 eV with increasing annealing temperature, suggesting a higher likelihood of electron tunneling. This finding underscores the necessity of evaluating band offsets introduced by POA to ensure the reliability of SiC MOSFETs. Additionally, excessive Ar ion etching introduces residual Ar and surface charges, causing band bending and an increased density of states in the valence band of the 4H–SiC substrate.
Structural multistability for multi-speed wind energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations
Authors: Boddapati Karthik , Arrieta Andres F
Published: September 2024

Piezoelectric energy harvesters utilizing vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) have been extensively studied for converting wind energy into usable power for microelectronics. In this work, we explore the use of structural bistability to increase the range of flow speeds over which energy can be harvested without the need for complicated assemblies. We propose a harvester system featuring a piezoelectric transducer bonded to a cantilevered bistable composite laminate, which has two distinct equilibrium shapes at room temperature. To enhance the VIV, we attach a cylindrical bluff body to the free edge of the harvester. The structure’s inherent bistability allows for high power generation at two different flow speeds, contrasting with the single synchronization region typical of linear piezoelectric harvesters. We develop a reduced-order model to predict power output across varying flow speeds and validate these predictions through wind tunnel experiments, showing good agreement. Furthermore, we conduct a parametric study to optimize the model parameters for maximum power output. Our results demonstrate that the bistable harvester can generate up to 4.5 mW of power over a wind speed range of 9.3 m s−1–11.7 m s−1, outperforming the limited speed range of traditional linear VIV-based harvesters. This work underscores the potential to design VIV-based energy harvesters capable of operating efficiently across multiple flow speed ranges using a single structure with its dual stable configurations.
Optimizing optoelectronics performance: theoretical and experimental study on ZnO thin film for Al/ZnO/p-Si photodiode
Authors: Karaca Abdullah , Yıldız Dilber Esra , Yıldırım Murat
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a ZnO photodiode in a p-n heterojunction configuration is fabricated on a p-type Si substrate focusing specifically on ZnO/p-Si heterojunction photosensitive devices and photodiodes (PDs) using Al contacts. Through an experimental and theoretical analysis approach aims to evaluate the effects of important parameters, including ZnO layer thickness, defect density, and contact materials, on PD’s efficiency. Numerical analysis simulations comparatively examine the experimentally fabricated device performance at a 5 nm ZnO layer thickness by balancing photon absorption and carrier formation while minimizing carrier transport limitations. Experimentally process, an Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) system was used to grow ZnO interlayers on one side of the polished Si wafer. Then, Al metallic contacts were created on the ZnO layers using a hole array mask. The PDs were then subjected to electrical characterization using I-V and I-t measurements under various illumination densities. Al/ZnO/p-Si PD’s device with active performance has been produced and analyzed with electrical parameters such as barrier height, photocurrent, spectral response, ideality factor and EQE were derived, analyzed and studied. In conclusion, this work provides a comprehensive understanding of the performance of Al/ZnO/p-Si PD at varying illumination intensities and offering a detailed analysis of key parameters influencing device efficiency for future optoelectronics applications.
Two different efficient controlled quantum teleportation schemes via four-qubit cluster state
Authors: Yuan Hao , Zhang Zhan-Jun
Published: September 2024

By utilizing the four-qubit cluster state as quantum channel, two efficient quantum schemes for teleporting an arbitrary single-qubit state in a controlled manner are put forward. In one scheme the controller needs to dominate a qubit only, while in another scheme the controller has to hold two qubits. The inspection of the necessary operations indicates that both schemes are feasible in terms of the current technologies. Moreover, these two schemes are compared with two competing schemes which employ the same quantum channel [i.e., the JM-schemes proposed by Jiang and Mo, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56, 3084 (2017)]. It is found that, in contrast to the JM-schemes, the schemes we proposed have some prominent advantages, such as lower consumption of classical information, fewer necessary local quantum operations, and higher intrinsic efficiency.
Synthesis of MnO@Fe2O3 core-shell doped PVA/PVP polymeric nanocomposites for electronic and optoelectronic devices: Mechanical, electrical, and optical properties
Authors: Mohammed Mervat Ismail , El Rahman Aya , Yahia Ibrahim S , Metwally H S , Sabry N
Published: September 2024

The core-shell approach was used to synthesize MnO@Fe2O3, while the solution casting method was performed to produce a blend of poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (70/30 wt%). Subsequently, MnO@Fe2O3 was employed as nanofillers (nFs) in the blend at 0, 0.06, 0.3, 0.6, 3, and 6 wt% concentrations. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the synthesized polymeric nanocomposite (PNC) films. The XRD and FTIR confirm the probable interactions between nanoparticles and polymeric films. SEM images of the surface show that the entire film’s surface is uniformly and homogeneously distributed for 0.6 wt% nFs. The composite film’s tensile strength was enhanced by adding 6 wt% nFs, from 9.45 MPa for the pure (PVA-PVP) film to 22.35 MPa. This addition also reduced the indirect optical band gap from 4.84 eV for pure (PVA/PVP) blend to 4.71 eV. Two laser sources (He-Ne laser at 632.8 nm and green laser at 533 nm) were used to determine the optical limiting behavior of polymeric nanocomposite films. The output power of lasers with wavelengths of 532 nm and 650 nm drops from 5.49 to 2.4 mW and 19.8 to 9.4 mW, respectively, as the blend matrix’s nFs concentration rises to 6 wt%. Also, the impact of temperature on the dielectric properties of the 6 wt% PNC film was examined. The dielectric constant gradually increased with rising temperature and decreased linearly with increasing frequency at constant temperature. The findings suggest that nanocomposites exist and are widely recommended for optoelectronics, microelectronics, and radiation detection.