bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Areal relations of Indo-European loanwords in Finnic dialects
Authors: Oja Vilja
Published: December 2014

The areas of the distribution of Indo-European loanwords in Finnic dialects are described on many lexical maps of the Atlas Linguarum Fennicarum and the Atlas Linguarum Europae. The maps of those atlases offer an opportunity to follow the post-formational contacts of the languages. The analysis of the spread of loanwords makes it possible to find the main routes and centres of Indo-European innovations in Finnic dialects and discuss the reasons for the different sources of the influences. Sometimes, the Finnic area has been a boundary zone for several widespread Indo- European stems coming from different directions. Often the area distribution of dialect words is etymologically suggestive, but the source language depends on the concept. The differences in the use of stems with the same Indo-European origin in different Finnic languages may, at least partly, be due to the words having been borrowed at different times and from different donor languages.Kokkuvõte. Vilja Oja: Indoeuroopa laensõnade levikust läänemeresoome keelte murretes. Kõigi läänemeresoome keelte murdesõnu koos on kaardistatud keeleatlastes “Atlas Linguarum Fennicarum” ja “Atlas Linguarum Europae”. Murdesõnade levilad ei kattu enamasti keelealadega. Atlaste kaartidel näeme alasid, kus eesti murretes on levinud (alam)saksa, rootsi, läti ja vene laensõnad, soome murretes rootsi ja vene laenud ning isuri, vadja, karjala ja vepsa keeles vene laenud või samad germaani algupäraga sõnad nagu soome või eesti keeles. Palju indoeuroopa laene seostub kaubandussuhetega ja siinmail valitsenud võõrvõimudega. Laenuallika määratlemisel arvestatakse sõna sisu ja laenamise aega. Osa rootsi sõnu on eesti, karjala, isuri ja vadja murretesse laenatud soome keelest. Saksa sõnu on isuri ja vadja murretesse levinud soome ja eesti keelest. Saksa laenudel liivi keeles leidub lätipäraseid jooni. Sõnalevikud näitavad, et soome keel kuulub sagedamini lääne, karjala ja vepsa murded ida mõjusfääri. Eesti ja liivi keeles on laene mõlemast suunast. Isuri ja vadja murretes kajastuvad kolme naaberkeele – soome, eesti ja vene mõjutused.Märksõnad: murdesõnavara, indoeuroopa laenud, keeleatlased, läänemeresoome keeled
A systematic review and meta-analysis of complications following the posterior and lateral surgical approaches to total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Berstock JR , Blom AW , Beswick AD
Published: December 2014

Introduction

Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures. Despite this, medical evidence to inform the choice of surgical approach is lacking. Currently in the UK, the two most frequently performed approaches to the hip are the posterior and the direct lateral.

Methods

This systematic review was performed according to Cochrane guidelines following an extensive search for prospective controlled trials published in any language before January 2014. Of the 728 records identified from searches, 6 prospective studies (including 3 randomised controlled trials) involving 517 participants provided data towards this review.

Findings

Compared with the lateral approach, the posterior approach conferred a significant reduction in the risk of Trendelenburg gait (odds ratio [OR]: 0.31, p=0.0002) and stem malposition (OR: 0.24, p=0.02), and a non-significant reduction in dislocation (OR: 0.37, p=0.16) and heterotopic ossification (OR: 0.41, p=0.13). Neither approach conferred a functional advantage. We draw attention to the paucity of evidence and the need for a further randomised trial.
Delayed presentation of a large congenital laryngeal cleft in an adult
Authors: Bakir M , Hughes J , Madani G , Sandhu G
Published: December 2014

Laryngeal clefts are rare congenital malformations of the posterior laryngotracheal wall that lead to an abnormal communication between the airway and pharyngo-oesophageal tract. The condition is almost universally identified during infancy with minor laryngeal clefts very rarely diagnosed in adulthood. We present our tertiary centre’s experience of a large laryngeal cleft presenting at an advanced age, with the aim of increasing awareness of this correctible cause of respiratory distress and aspiration in adults.
Young Hungarian’s constructions of active citizenship: Theoretical models and real-world voices
Authors: Ridley Rebecca , Fulop Márta
Published: December 2014

We explore how young Hungarians construct active citizenship in a context of political discontent and social and economic uncertainty. From research conducted in the autumn of 2012, we link up young Hungarians voices to the much debated theoretical models of citizenship. We find that while these young people’s abstract and normative constructions of active citizenship tend to resonate with a duty-based ‘communitarian’ model of citizenship, their opinions on social and political issues echo a more ‘critical’ model of citizenship, which lays emphasis on equality and social justice. Additional themes to emerge, and of which may be a hindrance to political participation, include: the view that demonstrating is ‘bad’; and, that young people construct themselves and their peers as ‘non-citizens’. We argue that in order to help overcome this passive and non-agentic perception of democratic citizenship, citizenship education in schools should be combined with purposely reflective youth debates on what it means to be a young person in Hungary now.
Digital switchover in Serbia in a comparative perspective
Authors: Krstić Aleksandra
Published: December 2014

The deadline for the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting in Serbia is scheduled for June 2015. The aim of this article is to present the development of the digitalization process in Serbia from 2006 until 2014, and the current state a year prior to the deadline for analogue broadcasting switch-off. Considering technical, legislative, broadcasting, economic and social aspects of the process, this article argues that digital switchover in Serbia has been delayed due to the state’s inconsistent decision-making regarding the transition to digital and the lack of preparedness of each of the state, broadcasters and citizens. The delay in analogue switch-off shall be discussed in comparison with the digital transition in the successor states of the former Yugoslavia: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, countries that share common historical, social and cultural contexts with Serbia.
Reviews
Authors: Tanner Giles , Haynes Richard , Ala-Fossi Marko
Published: December 2014

The Independence of the Media and its Regulatory Agencies – Shedding new Light on Formal and Actual Independence Against the National Contexts, Wolfgang Schulz, Peggy Valcke and Kristina Irion (eds) (2013) Bristol: Intellect, 381 pp., ISBN: 9781841507330, p/bk, £25.

The Political Economy of Television Sports Rights, Tom Evens, Petros Iosifidis and Paul Smith (2013) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 267 pp., ISBN: 9781137275646, h/bk, £58.

Radio’s Digital Dilemma: Broadcasting in the Twenty-First Century, John Nathan Anderson (2013) New York: Routledge, 188 pp., ISBN: 9780415656122, h/bk, $125.
The Security Council - an impediment to international justice?
Authors: White Nigel
Published: December 2014

The author, Nigel White (Professor of
International Organisations, Schhol of Law, University of
Nottingham) doubts whether the United nations Security Council
could survive another crisis of the type witnessed in Kosovo and
Iraq without change. Article published in Amicus Curiae - Journal
of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is
produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the
Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of
London.
The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 - how will planning contributions work? II
Authors: Cunliffe Michael
Published: December 2014

Part two of a paper presented at the
Society for Advanced Legal Studies Planning and Environmental Law
Reform Working Group and published as an article in Amicus Curiae
- Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. This part
contains commentary by the author on the the draft legislation.
The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies
at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of
London.
The legal orders of the European Community and of the Member States: peculiarities and influences in drafting
Authors: Piris Jean-Claude
Published: December 2014

Article on legislative drafting of legal
orders in the European Community and its Member States based on
the Fourth Annual Sir William Dale Memorial Lecture given by
Jean-Claude Piris, Director-General, Legal Service, Council of
European Union. Published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the
Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by
the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of
Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
Lawyers and legal services in NW England
Authors: Sugarman David
Published: December 2014

A consideration of the diversity and fragmentation which characterise contemporary legal practice with particular reference to the situation in the North West of England. Article by Professor David Sugarman, Director, Centre for Law and Society, Lancaster University Law School - published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.
Internacionalização da Educação Superior: Um Estudo com Alunos Intercambistas de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do Brasil
Authors: Sena Andrelina Pimentel de , Matos Fátima Regina Ney , Machado Diego de Queiroz , Sena Augusto Marcos Carvalho de
Published: December 2014

O tema central dessa pesquisa é a internacionalização da educação, focando na experiência de discentes envolvidos em programas de intercâmbio acadêmico. Seu objetivo consistiu em investigar as implicações da participação em programas de intercâmbios acadêmicos internacionais no processo de qualificação de discentes. Desse modo, esta pesquisa seguiu a linha de outros trabalhos realizados, optando por concentrar sua análise da temática de internacionalização de instituições de ensino superior em uma universidade brasileira, no caso, a Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), que participa de programas de intercâmbio acadêmico com instituições de ensino internacionais. Em suma, os dados coletados mostraram que as dificuldades encontradas pelos intercambistas, brasileiros e estrangeiros, estavam relacionadas à comunicação, pois a maioria dos alunos não se considerava fluente no idioma do país de chegada. Foram percebidas diferenças significativas no sistema de ensino. As diferenças foram consideradas benéficas tanto para o desempenho acadêmico quanto profissional. Na percepção dos brasileiros, a relação professor-aluno é caracterizada pelo formalismo. A familiaridade com a cultura local foi comum aos brasileiros e aos estrangeiros. A experiência de participar do intercâmbio foi considerada ótima e boa para todos os alunos.
The Legal High: Factors Affecting Young Consumers' Risk Perceptions and Abuse of Prescription Drugs
Authors: Netemeyer Richard , Burton Scot , Delaney Barbara , Hijjawi Gina
Published: December 2014

Over the past decade, adolescent prescription drug abuse (PDA) has become such a serious public health problem that it is now classified as an epidemic. In addition, people who abuse prescription drugs are also at greater risk for engaging in other maladaptive behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine some key adolescent perceptions toward PDA, the incremental role of nonlinear effects, and their interaction effects with demographic variables. Using regression-based techniques, the authors report results from survey response data from more than 1,000 13- to 18-year-olds from 40 geographically dispersed areas in the United States. The results show that the effects of adolescent anxiety, the need to be popular, being a “good teen,” and the use of other restricted substances have both nonlinear effects and interaction effects with demographic characteristics on PDA risk perceptions and PDA itself. Perceptions of the risk of PDA partially mediate these effects. The authors offer implications of the pattern of results for consumer welfare and public policy.
Influence of ABO type on global coagulation assay results: effect of coagulation factor VIII
Authors: Choi Qute , Kim Ji-Eun , Kim Seon Young , Han Kyou Sup , Kim Hyun Kyung
Published: December 2014

As ABO blood type influences the plasma level of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), it likely also affects activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin generation assay (TGA) values. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of ABO type on the normal values of three global coagulation assays: prothrombin time (PT), aPTT, and TGA.

PT, aPTT, TGA [1 or 5 pmol/L tissue factor (TF)], coagulation factors, anticoagulation factors, and ABO type were measured in 200 healthy adults.

aPTT was significantly prolonged in those with type O compared with those with type non-O, whereas PT was not significantly different between those with type O and type non-O. The time to peak induced by 5 pmol/L TF was significantly prolonged, and the peak thrombin level was decreased in those with type O compared with those with type non-O. FVIII was a major contributor to the ABO-specific reference range of aPTT, 5 pmol/L TF-induced time to peak, and peak thrombin level.

The reference ranges of aPTT and TGA (time to peak and peak thrombin level) differed by ABO type. FVIII level is considered a major contributor to ABO type-specific differences with respect to aPTT and TGA.
Identification of nonlinear heat conduction laws
Authors: Egger Herbert , Pietschmann Jan-Frederik , Schlottbom Matthias
Published: December 2014

We consider the identification of nonlinear heat conduction laws in stationary and instationary heat transfer problems.
Only a single additional measurement of the temperature on a curve on the boundary is required to determine the unknown parameter function on the range of observed temperatures.
We first present a new proof of Cannon's uniqueness result for the stationary case, which allows us to derive a corresponding stability estimate, and then extend our argument to instationary problems which are close to steady state.
Multiple Requests in Arabic as a Second Language
Authors: Roever Carsten , Al-Gahtani Saad
Published: December 2014

Research in second language pragmatics is increasingly investigating the sequential organization of interaction and how it might be affected by second language learners’ developing proficiency. In this paper, we are focusing on a specific aspect of request organization, namely multiple requests. Through data from natural interaction and role plays, we found that multiple requests occurred in a single turn, either as an original request and its same-format reiteration bracketing accounts and explanations or as repetitions with a more complex and polite format. Multiple requests across turns served a repair function. We argue that same-turn multiple requests are recipient designed to increase the likelihood of acceptance. Higher-level learners of Arabic were more likely to produce multiple requests in the same turn than low-level learners whereas the latter exhibited more multiple requests across turns. The data collection method did not have a discernible effect on findings.
Modelling and solvability of a class steady-state
metal-forming problems
Authors: Angelov T. A.
Published: December 2014

For a class of steady-state metal-forming problems,
with rigid-plastic, incompressible, strain-rate dependent
material model and with unilateral contact and
nonlocal Coulomb’s frictional boundary conditions, a variational
inequality formulation is derived and by proving
the convergence of a modified secant-modulus method, existence
and uniqueness results are obtained. A finite element
- modified secant-modulus computational algorithm
is developed and applied for solving illustrative problems.
Nanoparticles via Oil-in-Water Microemulsions: a Solvent-Reduced, Energy-Efficient Approach
Authors: Stubenrauch Cosima , König Ramona , Schlick Christian , Sigle Wilfried
Published: December 2014

This paper deals with the synthesis of Pt and
Pt/Pb nanoparticles via oil-in-water
microemulsions. Studying systematically the phase behavior of
microemulsions which contain metal precursors, it was possible to
determine the influence of the metal precursors on the phase behavior
of the base microemulsion. It was found that the addition of
Pb(ethylhexanoate)2 to the microemulsion shifts the phase
boundaries to slightly lower temperatures, while adding
dimethyl-(cyclooctadiene) platinum has no effect on the phase
boundaries. SAXS measurements confirmed that the addition of the
metal precursors does not influence the size of the microemulsion
droplets along the emulsification failure boundary. Using transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) we found that by increasing the oil content
w
B in the microemulsion from 0.04 to 0.08 the size of
the resulting mono- and bimetallic Pt and Pt/Pb
nanoparticles changes from 3 to 4.4 nm.
The Japanese Software Industry: What Went Wrong and What Can We Learn from it?
Authors: Cole Robert E. , Nakata Yoshifumi
Published: December 2014

Recent findings indicate that the Japanese IT sector increasingly lags the U.S. IT sector in software innovation and that this underlies Japan's weakening competitive performance vis-à-vis U.S. IT. This article explores alternative explanations for this outcome and analyzes what explains the Japanese software industry's trajectory. The sources are found in the late understanding of the transformational role of software and its value-creating potential as well as in the evolution of the industry's structure. Finally, this article considers what policy makers in other nations might learn from the Japanese experience in building a more vibrant software industry.
From first symptoms to final diagnosis of Cushing's disease: experiences of 176 patients
Authors: Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka , Psaras Tsambika , Tsiogka Maria , Starz Daniel , Kleist Bernadette , Siegel Sonja , Milian Monika , Kohlmann Johannes , Menzel Christa , Führer-Sakel Dagmar , Honegger Jürgen , Sure Ulrich , Müller Oliver , Buchfelder Michael
Published: December 2014

Objective

To obtain structured information on the diagnostic delay in patients with Cushing's disease (CD) from the patients perspective to provide leverage points for earlier diagnosis.

Design

The study includes 176 patients with ACTH-dependent CD who had received pituitary surgery completed a self-developed questionnaire on their symptomatology before the illness was diagnosed, the course and length of the diagnostic process, and the role of the involved health care professionals.

Methods

Data were analyzed statistically. Answers in free text options were categorized and counted.

Results

The overall diagnostic process took 3.8±4.8 years (median 2 years), during which 4.6±3.8 (1–30) physicians were consulted, most frequently the family physician (FP; 83.0%). The presented symptoms were various and often vague, e.g. ‘poor general condition’ (at FPs), or very common in the field of the visited specialist (i.e. ‘skin changes’ at dermatologists). Women recognized the first CD symptoms themselves significantly more frequently than men, whereas physicians recognized CD symptoms significantly more frequently in males.

Conclusion

A clear difficulty of diagnosing CD seems that patients describe isolated symptoms to the FP or the respective specialists according to their fields of specialization. As FPs are contacted most frequently, they should be trained to recognize the broad spectrum of CD symptoms, especially in female patients with weight gain, and initiate endocrinological referral.
Corporate responsibility, ecological certification aspect
Authors: Chaikin Oleksandr
Published: December 2014

Modern conditions of the world economic globalization caused unification and universalization of ecological demands to the quality of agricultural production. Ecological certification can be used as an evidence of producers’ corporate responsibility towards consumers and the state. The purpose of the paper is to study the possibility of production’s ecological certifications for the implementation of corporative responsibility of the enterprise. The concept of corporate ecological responsibility of the company is rather developed. With the help of logical summarizing the determining criteria of environmentally responsible enterprise from the point of view of ecologically certificated production are defined. The correlation of corporative responsibility and ecologically certificated agricultural production is analyzed. We demonstrate the possibility of certification usage for achieving the valuable reference points of the ecologically responsible company.
Innovation diffusion as a catalyst for industrial company’s economic growth
Authors: Efimova Elena , Kuznetsova Natalia , Ramanauskas Julius
Published: December 2014

The goal of the paper concerns essential issue of economic growth diffusion and innovation diffusion in the context of its spatial dissemination forming framework of the electro technical industry of Russia and the Netherlands main actors micro-level growth comparison. Comparison of two companies economic growth and innovation diffusion proves that Russian high-tech LOMO4 having inormous innnovation portfolio but lack of financial capital could proceed only organic growth and hierarchical innovation diffusion compared to financial and innovational world giant Philips which shows growth scenario of organic and inorganic growth assimilation that implies hierarchical innovation diffusion priority and higher competitiveness than LOMO.
Organizational culture strengthening and employee motivation improvement
Authors: Grublienė Violeta , Urbonaitė Audronė
Published: December 2014

Increasing competition as well as drastic and rapid changes within the market encourage the organizations to shift their focus to efficient operation at minimal expense. Organizations willing to become successful need to inspire their employees to work responsibility, demonstrate initiative and actively participate. The objective of this research is to identify the correlating factors of organizational culture and employee‘s motivation and anticipate the actions aimed at organizational culture strengthening and employee motivation improvement. To achieve this objective sources of scientific literature have been analysed and summarised and employees of two industrial companies have been surveyed. Goals of the research: to determine correlation between organizational culture and motivation and to create a correlation scheme; to identify employees’ attitudes towards organizational culture and to evaluate the impact of organizational culture on employees’ motivation; to anticipate the actions aimed at organizational culture strengthening and employee motivation improvement. On the grounds of the research results main factors determining correlation between organizational culture and motivation were identified and importance of congruence of employeesʼ and organization‘s values has been substantiated.
Assessment of the determinants of dairy farms’ investment
Authors: Namiotko Virginia , Kriščiukaitienė Irena
Published: December 2014

Investment is important at the state and company level. Although various authors examine the determinants of farms’ investment, analysis is often limited to one investment theory. Moreover, investment decisions in agriculture don’t always comply with investment theory. Therefore, a systematic approach for evaluating the determinants of farms’ investment is still missing. The aim of this paper is to assess the determinants of dairy farms’ investment. The analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis and generalization was employed to reveal and classify factors that affect farms’ investment, whereas logistic regression was used to assess determinants that affect dairy farms’ investment.
Socially responsible marketing impact to organizations implementing socially responsibility
Authors: Paužuolienė Jurgita , Viningienė Daiva
Published: December 2014

This, article analyze the social responsible marketing, its benefits and importance of organizations implementing social responsibility. Social marketing is defined as an ethical corporate governance orientation in order to meet the needs of the public, consistent with the public interest. Research problem: what impact and how social responsible marketing makes for organizations implementing social responsibility. Aim of the research. Analyze the impact of social responsible marketing, providing examples of the organizations implementing social responsibility, benefits and importance. Research methods: literature analysis, synthesis, documents analyze. Social responsible organizations examples illustrate how organizations integrate their activities in a social responsible marketing. Emphasis, that social responsible marketing impact on social responsible organization's image, reputation, customer satisfaction with the service / product.
Assessment of the agricultural activity in the EU-27 countries
Authors: Šapolaitė Vaida
Published: December 2014

The rational use of land, capital and labor determine the growth of economic efficiency of agricultural production and income of farmers together. The aim is to estimate the use of production resources in the EU-27 agricultural sector, using macro-economic indicators. The analysis and assessment of the use of land resources in agriculture have been conducted on the basis of data on economic accounts for agriculture and agricultural census to describe agricultural production intensity by type of farming and its impact on farm income. This paper examines the use of land resources in agriculture, measured by using relative indicators of agricultural output, intermediate consumption per hectare of agricultural land, the revenue per average employee and the comparative analysis these indicators in the farms of the European Union (EU) is presented.
Factors affecting consumption culture for organic products in Lithuania
Authors: Tamulienė Vilma , Mažrimė Akvilė
Published: December 2014

The organic food consumption creates only 2% of the total food market, although the consumption of these products is slowly growing (European Commission 2011). Consumption of organic products is not only important for the health, but also organic farming using their resources more efficient, what promotes rural development and employment. Organic products consumption has short-term, long-term economic and political benefits. To form consumer culture need some time, to encourage people to choose more organic products, first need to explore factors, which forms the culture of organic products consumption. When the demand is encouraged, supply could be increased as well, that’s why is important for organizations’ to find them factors which affects culture organic food consumption, so they could increase sales of their products. The aim of the research - to analyse factors which forms culture of organic products consumption, to identify which ones are most important in Lithuanian market. In the article summarized the scientific literature, generated theoretical model of organic products consumption culture, and verified by questionnaire survey method. Find results are showed that the organic consumer culture in Lithuania is influenced by two factors: consumer values and attitudes with habits.
Implications on free will in the viewpoint of epigenetics, transgenerational trauma transmission and unconscious processes
Authors: Bókkon István , Vas József , Császár Noémi
Published: December 2014

Absztrakt
A numerical model for water-oil flow in naturally fractured reservoirs
Authors: Hien Ha Ngoc , Diep Nguyen Van , Hai Duong Ngoc
Published: December 2014

This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional, two-phase model for simulating the flow of water and oil in naturally fractured reservoirs. The model is based on the dual porosity approach. Main flow in the reservoir occurs within the fractures with local exchange of fluids between the fracture system and matrix blocks. A new formula for matrix/fracture fluid exchange rate is proposed based on an extension of the equation developed by Kazemi to account the gravity effects. This formula allows to eliminate the matrix pressure in the pressure equation for fractures and makes the solution algorithm easier.Some example calculations are presented to validate the model. These include a comparison of the results of this paper with previous results, showing the gravity effects and applicability of the model for field-scale problems.
On the existence of periodic solution of some quasilinear differential equations with impulses
Authors: Tai Le Luong
Published: December 2014

As for ordinary differential equations, one of the problems that especially attract the attention of many mathematicians is the problem on the existence of periodic solutions of the differential equation systems with impulses. In this paper, we study the periodic solutions of the equation system under of the form...
Calculating periodic vibrations of nonlinear autonomous multi-degree-of-freedom systems by the incremental harmonic balance method
Authors: Khang Nguyen Van , Cau Thai Manh
Published: December 2014

In this paper the incremental harmonic balance method is used to calculate periodic vibrations of nonlinear autonomous multip-degree-of-freedom systems. According to Floquet theory, the stability of a periodic solution is checked by evaluating the eigenvalues of the monodromy matrix. Using the programme MAPLE, the authors have studied the periodic vibrations of the system multi-degree van der Pol form.
A contribution to the dynamic simulation of robot manipulator with the software RobotDyn
Authors: Khang Nguyen Van , Tung Do Thanh
Published: December 2014

Robots manipulators are multibody systems with tree structures. In this paper the theoretical background of the computer program RobotDyn is presented. The program is developed using Lagrange's equations and Denavit-Hartenberg matrix. The dynamic simulation of the Robot SCARA with four degrees of freedom is considered as an example of application of the program RobotDyn.
Damping identification in multi-degree-of-freedom systems using the continuous wavelet transform
Authors: Dien Nguyen Phong
Published: December 2014

The identification of damping in multi-degree-of-freedom vibration systems is a well-known problem and appears to be of crucial interest. Compared to an estimation of the stiffness and mass, the damping coefficient or, alternatively, damping ratio is the most difficult quantity to determine. In this paper, the continuous wavelet transform based on the Morlet-wavelet function is used to identify the modal damping ratios of multi-degree-of-freedom vibration systems. A new wavelet-based method for the damping identification from measured free responses is presented. The proposed method was also tested by experiments on a steel beam.
Influence of edge crack on frequencies of thin plate in bending
Authors: Luong Nguyen Thi Hien , Giang Vuong Quang
Published: December 2014

This paper investigates the influence of crack location and crack length on changes in natural frequencies of bending thin plate. To perform this analysis, a computing program called CRACK-PLATE, using the finite element method based on the Ressner-Mindlin' theory of plate is developed. In order to achieve a high accuracy, an isoparametric element of Barsoum is combined with an 8-node quadrilateral isoparametric element. The numerical results show that the natural frequencies are very sensitive to the crack presence in the bending thin plate. This study is a basis for crack identification based on natural frequencies of plates.
Dynamical analysis of multilayered reinforced composite cylindrical shells
Authors: Bich Dao Huy , Tuan Tran Thanh
Published: December 2014

In the present paper the governing dynamical equations for multilayered reinforced composite cylindrical shells based on Kirchhoff-Love's theory and Lekhnitsky's smeared stiffeners technique are derived. The shell is reinforced by longitudinal and ring stiffeners. The longitudinal stiffeners may be composite or sleeves with SMA wire. The linear problem of shell vibration is considered for illustrating the effects of the stiffeners, the shell geometry and altering the lamination scheme on fundamental frequencies of the shell.
Control of American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolia) in Bermudagrass Turf
Authors: Atkinson Jeffrey L. , Cross Robert B. , McCarty Lambert B. , Estes Alan G.
Published: December 2014

American burnweed is an early successional summer annual species in the Asteraceae. This weed is a poor competitor; however, it rapidly colonizes disturbed and low-maintenance areas, especially following an environmental disturbance. Recently, turfgrass managers have made adjustments to maintenance practices to satisfy budget requirements and address environmental concerns. This has resulted in reduced mowing frequency in some golf course rough and out-of-play turf areas, and has allowed establishment of broadleaf weed species such as American burnweed which would otherwise be controlled by frequent mowing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PRE and POST herbicide treatments for American burnweed control in an unmown bermudagrass golf course rough. Single PRE applications of simazine at 2.24 kg ai ha−1and indaziflam at 0.06 kg ai ha−1provided > 80% American burnweed control 24 wk after treatment (WAT) in 2012 and 2013. Sequential combination applications of liquid formulations of dimethenamid-p + pendimethalin (2.24 + 1.68 kg ai ha−1) provided 95% American burnweed control 24 wk after initial treatment in 2012 and 2013. Other PRE treatments did not provide consistent control of American burnweed across rating dates and years. Regardless of year, four POST treatments provided ≥ 87% control at 8 and 16 WAT. These included thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron (0.02 + 0.044 + 0.07 kg ai ha−1), thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba (0.02 + 0.15 + 0.005 kg ai ha−1), triclopyr + clopyralid (0.88 + 0.32 kg ai ha−1), and sulfentrazone + metsulfuron (0.4 + 0.04 kg ai ha−1). Several PRE and POST American burnweed control solutions exist for low maintenance bermudagrass areas. Future research should continue to screen other herbicides for control efficacy and focus on application timing to balance season-long control with minimal chemical inputs.
Development of the Phuoc Hoa−Dau Tieng irrigation system, Vietnam
Authors: Meigh David , Nhung Bui Quang , Donaldson Martin , King Harry
Published: December 2014

Vietnam's largest city, Ho Chi Minh City, and surrounding agricultural areas should now be able to meet their future water supply needs thanks to two major infrastructure schemes supported by international development banks. The Asian Development Bank was lead lender for the US$300 million Phuoc Hoa barrage and transfer canal recently completed to the north of the city. This feeds into the 1980s Dau Tieng irrigation scheme, which is now being modernised as part of a US$167 million project funded primarily by the World Bank. The Phuoc Hoa Transfer will supply a potential 75 m3/s into the combined Phuoc Hoa–Dau Tieng system, including 10·5 m3/s to Ho Chi Minh City, as well as ensuring more reliable flows to the existing 64 600 ha Dau Tieng irrigation area and a further 48 000 ha of farmland. This paper describes the combined system, the planning, design and construction of the Phuoc Hoa phase 1 components, the modernisation of the Dau Tieng scheme and a framework for a sustainable management plan to guide future operations.
Mathematical Modeling of Drilling Operations by Use of Nitrogen-Enriched Mud: A Case Study by Use of a Recorded Drilling Data-Set
Authors: Cayeux E.. , Kucs R.. , Gibson N..
Published: December 2014

When drilling in an arid region through heavily fractured formations, it can be very challenging to manage drilling-fluid losses and at the same time maintain a downhole-pressure gradient that is compatible with the very-low geopressure gradient windows that are typically encountered in those drilling conditions. Nitrogen-enriched drilling muds may provide a good solution to both problems; however, the properties—such as density, rheology, specific-heat capacity, and thermal conductivity—of this type of drilling fluid are highly dependent on temperature and pressure, and in most cases those characteristics cannot be measured in situ, making it difficult to estimate the actual downhole-pressure conditions.

The approach described in this paper consists of the reconstruction of the drilling-fluid-mix properties from the characteristics of its components and the incorporation of the resulting pressure- and temperature-dependent constitutive laws into a real-time multiphase- and multicomponent-drilling hydraulic model to estimate the downhole pressures along the drillstring and borehole as a function of the drilling parameters.

Because of the uncertainty of some of the characteristics of the components of the drilling fluid as well as their actual proportion in the mix, the modeled values are only valid within a certain accuracy. Stochastic simulations are made during the estimation of the downhole pressures to ascertain the precision of the calculations. As a consequence, by comparing the obtained interval of confidence on the estimations with actual measurements, it is possible to evaluate whether the drilling conditions are normal or deteriorating.

The validity and performance of the derived fluid-model extension are tested by use of a real-time data set recorded during the drilling of a well in the Erbril area of the Kurdish region of Iraq, by use of the wellsite information transfer standard markup language drilling-data-exchange protocol. The model results are reviewed and compared with the actual measurements recorded during the drilling operations. The potential sources of limitation, discrepancy, or error between the modeled and observed well and fluid behavior are discussed, along with potential explanations for the observed wellbore physics seen in the recorded-data feed.
Mega Project Integrated Readiness Business Risks and Mitigations
Authors: Nossair Ahmed , Hann Tom , Al Maysari Samah , Black Alistair , Ahmed Tanweer
Published: December 2014

Mega projects development envisage significant expansion of the facilities, infra-structures and resources required for their future operations. Therefore, numerous efforts are exerted through robust approaches from the entire organization resources to assure the effectiveness of the integrated readiness deployment, smooth handing over of the assets and efficient operations of the new facilitates with the optimum impact on the ongoing business [1]. These projects always result in complex challenges to the organizations which in turn translated to a range of significant business risks. Therefore, a diverse range of risk types shall be identified and considered in addition to the traditional project and operational related areas. These risks might be of an internal (e.g. strategy, manpower, financial, operational, etc.) or external nature (e.g. political, legal or regulatory environment, economics, third parties, etc.). Smart and comprehensive methodologies shall be implemented for business risks associated with the mega projects readiness, and then it is crucial to perform a thorough prioritization exercise to ensure proper focus is given to the high business impact areas and resources are allocated accordingly. Understanding the risk environment influences the organization's ability to achieve the proposed short and longer term strategic objectives. Delivering an effective risk management is linked to the definition of the accountabilities for each of the prioritized areas. This includes defining further actions, tracking implementation, and effective on-going monitoring. Through, application of an established risk management process to the context of one specific project. Applying a smart and robust business risk management for assessing the readiness of the organization towards receiving mega projects being developed in the GCC resulted in key risks such as; manpower availability, asset management engineering implementation, competency of service providers matching with adopted modern technologies, procurement of adequate level of operating spare parts, increased logistic requirements, and optimization of resources through synergy agreements.
Robotics and the Oil and Gas Production Process: Right Technology, Right Timing
Authors: Idachaba Francis Enejo
Published: December 2014

The gradual but steady migration of oil and gas production offshore places a demand on oil companies to develop novel solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of the production process while maximizing the available technical expertise to minimize operating costs and reduce downtime. Collaborative work environments have enabled the development of centers for the collocation of technical experts where real-time monitoring of multiple production parameters from different sites are undertaken for the purpose of managing and optimizing the production process. However offshore locations present a challenge due to the difficulty associated with equipment installation, inspection and maintenance in those locations. This paper discusses the impact of robotic deployment in the offshore Oil and Gas production environment and presents the design of specialized robots capable of undertaking the inspection of both the surface and internals conditions of offshore pipelines and also undertaking the welding of onshore pipelines. The robots can be monitored from the collaborative work environment. The deployment of robots in the oil and gas production process will improve the efficiency of the production process by reducing the time and cost required to undertake the interventions using onsite operators.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Dynamic Pipeline Pressure Profiles: Tools for Oil-Spill Detection and Localization
Authors: Idachaba Francis Enejo
Published: December 2014

Pipeline Oil spill is a major challenge with the Oil and Gas production process as it impacts negatively on the environment, the reputation and the finances of the operator. Real time pressure data from an Oil and Gas Pipeline can be used with specially developed algorithms to create dynamic pressure profiles of the pipeline. This profile shows the pressure map of the entire pipeline and it can be used to detect the onset of a leak. Production management systems can be configured in the exception based reporting mode to generate alerts whenever there is a variation in the pressure at any point on the pipeline. The location of pipeline right of way in remote locations increases the monitoring costs and response time in the event of a leak. This paper presents the deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as the first line of response to alerts generated by the production management systems and the dynamic pressure profiles to provide real time video feedback of the leak points. This will enable a rapid detection and localization of the leak points enabling the speedy deployment of the response teams. The combination of the dynamic pipeline pressure profile and the UAV will provide a rapid monitoring system for the entire pipeline network and facilitate rapid intervention in the event of a leak or any activity on the pipeline right of way providing real time video feedback of the area under investigation and eliminating response to spurious signals and false alarms
Eco-Friendly Degradable Mechanical Diverting Agents for Combining Multiple-Staged Vertical Wells: Case History from Wasatch Formation
Authors: Arnold David , Fragachan Francisco
Published: December 2014

The use of mechanical diverters in the oil and gas industry has been a common practice for decades, typically deploying perf ball sealers, degradeable balls, rock salt, dissolvable flakes, and incorporating downhole equipment such as sliding sleeves or straddle-packer systems. With multiple stage operations and horizontal wells becoming the industry norm, there is a need for a more permanent and reliable technology that is easily deployable and will seal previously stimulated perforations and zones from untreated perforations. This paper describes case histories from horizontal Marcellus Shale wells treated with degradable diversion materials applicable at a broad bottom-hole temperature range, maintains integrity under treating pressures and remains in place for the entire duration of well completion operations.

There are a number of scenarios for which biodegradable materials are applicable: zonal isolation for horizontal wells with multiple perforation clusters, vertical wells treated through tubing where bridge plugs cannot be used, sealing off perforations for re-stimulation treatments as opposed to squeezing the perfs, and sealing off perforations after treating through coiled-tubing.

The results from the case study well treated in the Uintah Basin in Utah on the Wasatch formation showed compelling evidence that temporary mechanical bridging agents can effectively replace bridge plugs and maintain zonal isolation. The concentrations of the diverter system used were optimized during the treatments and achieved typical pressure increases of 200-500 psi when deployed. The information presented in this paper will show the capabilities of using this material and the potential applications for multiple stage stimulation treatments, allowing for optimal zonal coverage and increased operational efficiency. The pressure responses from the treatments show the ability of the materials to seal the perforation clusters taking the majority of fluid and allow for diversion to understimulated perforation clusters. The production results from this candidate well additionally showed production rates higher than neighboring wells and wells typical for that area.
Formation Evaluation of High-Angle Horizontal Wells Using Logging-While-Drilling Measurements to Guide Completion Optimization
Authors: Raffi Mohammad , Al-Ajmi Moudi , Sangani Pratik
Published: December 2014

Resistivity measurements in high angle and horizontal (HaHz) wells are sometimes inappropriately labeled as ‘misleading’ when events such as early water breakthrough are observed in spite of measuring high resistivity along the well trajectory. Applying appropriate interpretation techniques that account for geometric effects resolves the interpretation issue but is time consuming. For recent HaHz campaign in North Kuwait, a workflow was required in near real time to optimize completions.

In order to efficiently complete a horizontal well it is important to identify the presence of any free water and permeability variations along the well trajectory. Zonal isolation is required in case free water is encountered and completion mechanisms such as Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) are required for effective linear compartmentalization. We present here a workflow which was used to guide completions in the siliciclastic Burgan reservoirs in Raudhatain field.

The workflow uses a new-generation logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool that provides sigma and spectroscopy measurements in addition to triple-combo measurements. A comparison of sigma measurements acquired during and after drilling allows identification of any moveable water along the well trajectory. This technique is valid only in wells drilled using oil-base mud and has been used to design zonal isolation to avoid water breakthrough. Spectroscopy measurements and conventional logs are used to derive k-Lambda (matrix) permeability to identify the permeability profile along the well trajectory. This information is used to identify permeability variation to optimize completions.

We present several case studies in the sequence in which the workflow evolved. The first case study highlights the limitations of using only triple combo LWD measurements to decide completion intervals as water production was seen across high resistivity zones on production logs. The other case studies have advanced measurements acquired while- and post-drilling to aid in completion optimization decisions.