bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HER2 Testing for Breast Cancer in the Genomics Laboratory: A Sea Change for Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Geiersbach Katherine B. , Sill Daniel R. , Meyer Reid G. , Yuhas Jason A. , Sukov William R. , Mounajjed Taofic , Carter Jodi M. , Jenkins Robert B. , Chen Beiyun
Published: October 2020

Context.—

Guidelines for HER2 testing in breast cancer have changed over time, from the US Food and Drug Administration guideline to the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines published in 2007, 2013, and 2018.

Objective.—

To investigate the change in assignment of HER2 status in breast cancers with equivocal (2+) immunohistochemistry (IHC) results by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) following implementation of the ASCO/CAP 2018 guideline.

Design.—

The study included 3556 invasive breast cancers that were HER2 equivocal (2+) by IHC and were submitted to our FISH laboratory after July 2018. Reflex testing (with repeat IHC staining) was performed on certain categories of FISH results known as groups 2, 3, and 4. Concomitant review of IHC and FISH was performed on these reflex cases per 2018 guideline recommendations. The FISH data were analyzed to compare US Food and Drug Administration and ASCO/CAP 2007, 2013, and 2018 interpretations.

Results.—

Of 3548 invasive breast cancers with complete data available, the percentage agreement for FISH according to different guidelines was highest for ASCO/CAP 2018 versus US Food and Drug Administration (96.5%), followed by ASCO/CAP 2018 versus 2007 (93.8%), and lowest with ASCO/CAP 2018 versus 2013 (83.7%). Per the 2018 guideline, reflex IHC testing was performed on 633 breast cancers (17.8%); the majority of reflex testing results were negative (541 of 633; 85.5%). The overall distribution of HER2 FISH results (per the 2018 guideline) was 88.5% negative and 11.5% positive.

Conclusions.—

By eliminating the equivocal FISH category, the 2018 ASCO/CAP guideline significantly reduced the HER2 FISH–positive rate in tumors with equivocal (2+) IHC results.
Teorias da aprendizagem: Gestalt
Authors: Santos Carla Larisse Ferreira dos , Cruz Vanessa Alves da
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar brevemente os principais conceitos da Gestalt, suas teorias de maior relevância, ressaltando sua forte base metodológica, sendo esta uma das tendências teóricas mais consistentes da história da Psicologia da aprendizagem. Tendo como bases somente alguns autores que retratou um pouco da psicologia da aprendizagem, os quais aqui foram explicitados. O foco principal foi trazer conceitos de Gestalt que são inerentes ao processo de educação, já que se entende que no processo de aprendizagem, primeiramente devem ser expostas as definições fundamentais e gerais que levam a chegar aos conceitos mais elaborados, relacionando-os e não isolando ou fragmentando-os.
Dansk økonomi 1979-2019: Økonomisk-politiske bidrag til 40 års fremgang
Authors: Pedersen Lars Haagen
Published: October 2020

Danmark har gennem de sidste 40 år oplevet en markant økonomisk fremgang. Fra en situation med høj arbejdsløshed, stort underskud på de offentlige finanser, høj offentlig gæld, uholdbare offentlige finanser, stort betalingsbalanceunderskud og udlandsgæld i 1979 er dansk økonomi i 2019 i en situation, hvor alle de nævnte problemer er fjernet eller markant reduceret. Denne artikel peger på fem elementer, der har bidraget: Troværdighed om fastkurspolitikken, introduktionen af arbejdsmarkedspensioner, skattereformer, arbejdsmarkedsreformer og finanspolitisk planlægning herunder indeksering af pensionsalderen.
Medvirker helhedsplaner til at løfte udsatte boligområder?
Authors: Vasiljeva Kristine
Published: October 2020

Artiklen giver en historisk indsigt i det boligsociale arbejde og beskriver, hvordan det kan medvirke til at løfte beboere i de udsatte boligområder i beskæftigelse. Vi gennemgår tidligere evalueringer af helhedsplaner og boligsociale indsatser, som bl.a. er lavet af VIVE og CFBU, og præsenterer resultater fra en BL-analyse om udviklingen i beskæftigelse ifm. den Boligsociale Helhedsplan i Fredericia. Vi evaluerer udviklingen ved hjælp af en difference-indifferences metode, hvor vi dokumenterer en stigning i beskæftigelse hos beboere i afdelinger omfattet af helhedsplanen på op til 5-8 pct.-point målt i fuldtidsbeskæftigede ift. en given kontrolgruppe.
A Conceptual Model of the Intergenerational Transmission of Emotion Dysregulation in Mothers with a History of Childhood Maltreatment
Authors: Cabecinha-Alati Sarah , Langevin Rachel , Montreuil Tina
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Adults with a history of childhood maltreatment report problems with emotion regulation (ER) and parenting, which can contribute to maladaptive outcomes in offspring. The following narrative review consists of a theoretical and empirical synthesis of the literature examining child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and parenting, with an emphasis on parental emotion socialization. Method: Building upon the literature contained in the review, we developed a novel conceptual model that elucidates some of the mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of emotion dysregulation among mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment. Taking into account risk and protective factors (e.g., socio-economic status, polyvictimization, teenage motherhood, access to social supports), our conceptual model highlights both direct (e.g., social learning) and indirect (e.g., ER difficulties) mechanisms through which child maltreatment contributes to problems with parental emotion socialization and ER difficulties in the next generation. Implications: Directions for future research and implications for intervention will be discussed with an emphasis on preventing the continuity of maladaptive parenting by promoting the development of parents’ ER abilities in a trauma-informed, resilience-focused framework.
The procedure of intrusions detection in information security systems based on the use of neural networks
Authors: Simavoryan Simon Zhorzhevich , Simonyan Arsen Rafikovich , Popov Georgii Aleksandrovich , Ulitina Elena Ivanovna
Published: October 2020

The subject of the research is the problem of identifying and countering intrusions (attacks) in information security systems (ISS) based on the system-conceptual approach, developed within the framework of the RFBR funded project No. 19-01-00383. The object of the research is neural networks and information security systems (ISS) of automated data processing systems (ADPS). The authors proceed from the basic conceptual requirements for intrusion detection systems - adaptability, learnability and manageability. The developed intrusion detection procedure considers both internal and external threats. It consists of two subsystems: a subsystem for detecting possible intrusions, which includes subsystems for predicting, controlling and managing access, analyzing and detecting the recurrence of intrusions, as well as a subsystem for countering intrusions, which includes subsystems for blocking / destroying protected resources, assessing losses associated with intrusions, and eliminating the consequences of the invasion. Methodological studies on the development of intrusion detection procedures are carried out using artificial intelligence methods, system analysis, and the theory of neural systems in the field of information security. Research in this work is carried out on the basis of the achievements of the system-conceptual approach to information security in ADPS.The main result obtained in this work is a block diagram (algorithm) of an adaptive intrusion detection procedure, which contains protection means and mechanisms, built by analogy with neural systems used in security systems.The developed general structure of the intrusion detection and counteraction system allows systematically interconnecting the subsystems for detecting possible intrusions and counteracting intrusions at the conceptual level.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF ETHNOCULTURAL VALUES IN THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE MUSEUM
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture, Samoilova E.S.
Published: October 2020

The topical problem of forming ethnocultural values of teenagers is discussed. The content of the concept “ethnocultural values” is specified, understood as a complex of spiritual values objectified in certain material objects, norms of social behavior and in self-identification of the subject with a certain ethnoculture. The complex of pedagogical conditions to form teenagers’ ethnocultural values in the museum social cultural environment is defined that includes using ethnocultural technologies in the museum social cultural environment, involvement of teenagers into the historical reconstruction as a cultural leisure activity, teaching teenagers the methods of emotional and moral regulation. The performed theoretical and methodological analysis of the problem and the experimental results make it possible to conclude that use of the above pedagogical conditions will increase the efficiency of ethnocultural values formation in the museum social cultural environment.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL QUALITIES OF THE INDIVIDUAL AS THE BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE CIVIC POSITION OF STUDENTS
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture, Litvak R.A. , Zhunusova K.S. ,   Kostanay pedagogical college
Published: October 2020

The problem of development of spiritual and moral qualities of modern students is discussed. It is noted that the orientation of young people to spiritual and moral values and the formation of personal qualities in accordance with this orientation develops in a complex conditions. In this regard, the task set by our state and society becomes urgent – to educate a spiritual and moral citizen of the country, able to solve complex problems not only personal, but also social. The program of formation of a civil position of student youth is presented. It is noted that it promotes formation of development of spiritual and moral qualities of the personality of student youth.
Systematic revision of the genusIsodacrysSharp, 1911 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Tanymecini)
Authors: Cortés-Hernández Kevin A. , Morrone Juan J.
Published: October 2020

The genusIsodacrysSharp, 1911 is revised. Twenty species of the genus are recognized ranging from south United States of America, Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras of which eight are herein described as new. These species areIsodacrys antrumCortés-Hernández, new species (Mexico: Tamaulipas, Chiapas; Guatemala: Baja Verapaz);Isodacrys carlaeCortés-Hernández, new species (Mexico: Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas);Isodacrys confusumCortés-Hernández, new species (Mexico: Tamaulipas);Isodacrys fasciatumCortés-Hernández, new species (Mexico: Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León);Isodacrys frontalisCortés-Hernández, new species (Mexico: Oaxaca; Guatemala: Sacatepéquez, Guatemala);Isodacrys kuchiiCortés-Hernández, new species (Mexico: Puebla);Isodacrys obrienorumCortés-Hernández, new species (Guatemala: Totonicapán, Jalapa, San Marcos); andIsodacrys okuiltontliCortés Hernández, new species (Mexico: Oaxaca). Insights into the monophyly ofIsodacrysand its phylogenetic relationships with other Tanymecini based on adult morphology are given by implementing a phylogenetic analysis of 43 terminals (21 ingroup, 22 outgroup) coded for 72 adult morphological characters. Characters were discussed and highlighted for the inclusion in the phylogenetic analysis. Final analysis yielded two most-parsimonious cladograms of 242 steps, which support the monophyly ofIsodacrys.IsodillexCortés-Hernández, new genus is here described to accommodateIsodillex minutum(Sharp, 1911), new combination andIsodillex plumosumCortés-Hernández, new species (Mexico: Zacatecas).Isodillexwas recovered as sister group ofIsodacrys. Key to separateIsodacrysspecies, occurrence map and habitus photographs are also provided.
Effects of clay materials and moisture levels on habitat preference and survivorship of Formosan subterranean termite,Coptotermes formosanusShiraki (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Jin Zhengya , Chen Jian , Wen Xiujun , Wang Cai
Published: October 2020

Formosan subterranean termites,Coptotermes formosanusShiraki, usually transport clay materials into tree hollows and bait stations. Our previous research showed thatC. formosanuspreferred to aggregate in the locations containing field-collected clay samples, but it was not clear whether this preference was influenced by clay types and/or moisture. In the present study, we conducted multiple-choice tests under low-moisture (25% moisture) or moderate-moisture (50% moisture) conditions to evaluate the aggregation and wood-feeding preferences ofC. formosanusresponding to hollow wooden cylinders (simulation of tree hollows) or baiting containers (simulation of bait stations) filled with different clay materials (bentonite , kaolin, chlorite, illite, or attapulgite), soil, or unfilled. Under low-moisture conditions, the majority of termites were found in the wooden cylinders or baiting containers filled with bentonite. Under moderate-moisture conditions, however, termites preferred to aggregate in wooden cylinders filled with chlorite or attapulgite; the percentages of termites that stayed in baiting containers filled with chlorite, attapulgite or soil were similar, which were significantly higher than those that filled with kaolin, illite, or unfilled. We then conducted no-choice tests to study the effect of clay materials on termites. Under low-moisture conditions, clay filled in the baiting containers significantly increased survivorship and body water percentage (an indicator of termite vigor) of termites, whereas no similar effect was detected under moderate-moisture conditions. This study demonstrated that both clay type and moisture affect termites’ preference.
Contamination and oxidative stress biomarkers in estuarine fish following a mine tailing disaster
Authors: Gabriel Fabrício Â. , Hauser-Davis Rachel Ann , Soares Lorena , Mazzuco Ana Carolina A. , Rocha Rafael Christian Chavez , Saint Pierre Tatiana D. , Saggioro Enrico , Correia Fabio Verissimo , Ferreira Tiago O. , Bernardino Angelo F.
Published: October 2020

Background

The Rio Doce estuary, in Brazil, was impacted by the deposition of iron mine tailings, caused by the collapse of a dam in 2015. Based on published baseline datasets, the estuary has been experiencing chronic trace metal contamination effects since 2017, with potential bioaccumulation in fishes and human health risks. As metal and metalloid concentrations in aquatic ecosystems pose severe threats to the aquatic biota, we hypothesized that the trace metals in estuarine sediments nearly two years after the disaster would lead to bioaccumulation in demersal fishes and result in the biosynthesis of metal-responsive proteins.

Methods

We measured As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn concentrations in sediment samples in August 2017 and compared to published baseline levels. Also, trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn) and protein (metallothionein and reduced glutathione) concentrations were quantified in the liver and muscle tissues of five fish species (Cathorops spixii,Genidens genidens,Eugerres brasilianus,Diapterus rhombeusandMugilsp.) from the estuary, commonly used as food sources by local populations.

Results

Our results revealed high trace metal concentrations in estuarine sediments, when compared to published baseline values for the same estuary. The demersal fish speciesC. spixiiandG. genidenshad the highest concentrations of As, Cr, Mn, Hg, and Se in both, hepatic and muscle, tissues. Trace metal bioaccumulation in fish was correlated with the biosynthesis of metallothionein and reduced glutathione in both, liver and muscle, tissues, suggesting active physiological responses to contamination sources. The trace metal concentrations determined in fish tissues were also present in the estuarine sediments at the time of this study. Some elements had concentrations above the maximum permissible limits for human consumption in fish muscles (e.g., As, Cr, Mn, Se and Zn), suggesting potential human health risks that require further studies. Our study supports the high biogeochemical mobility of toxic elements between sediments and the bottom-dwelling biota in estuarine ecosystems.
A Case Report of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 with Adjuvant Use of Bauhinia forficata in Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Souza Igor Domingos de , Ramos Eliza Miranda , Reis Francisco José Mendes dos , Vieira Hugo Miguel Ramos , Ramos Iara Barbosa , Teodoro Pamella Aline Miranda , Rosa Ana Carla Gomes , Abreu Antonio Carlos de , Lima Janete Pereira , Facco Gilberto Gonçalves , Nascimento Valter Aragão do
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Bauhinia forficata, has presented in several interesting effects for the diabetic human organism as the adjuvant treatment. Its effects have been tested and proven in scientific studies in the Unified Health System in Brazil.

Aims: Verify the effects of the medicinal plant Bauhinia forficata as an aid in the control of glycemic indexes.

Methodology: Case report with exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach, using direct observation techniques of the Dáder method adapted to the use of herbal medicines such as Bauhinia forficata. 

Results: In this study, there was a decrease in triglyceride levels with a drop of 77%, which despite not reaching the recommended values ​​for diabetic patients (<150 mg/dl) is quite significant. Conclusion: Bauhinia forficata used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus has anti-inflammatory actions that contribute to reduce glycated hemoglobin and, thus decrease fasting and postprandial glucose.
Strategies for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibition: from molecular mechanisms to treatment for secretory diarrhoeas
Authors: de Jonge Hugo R. , Ardelean Maria C. , Bijvelds Marcel J. C. , Vergani Paola
Published: October 2020

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an unusual ABC transporter. It acts as an anion‐selective channel that drives osmotic fluid transport across many epithelia. In the gut, CFTR is crucial for maintaining fluid and acid‐base homeostasis, and its activity is tightly controlled by multiple neuro‐endocrine factors. However, microbial toxins can disrupt this intricate control mechanism and trigger protracted activation of CFTR. This results in the massive faecal water loss, metabolic acidosis and dehydration that characterize secretory diarrhoeas, a major cause of malnutrition and death of children under 5 years of age. Compounds that inhibit CFTR could improve emergency treatment of diarrhoeal disease. Drawing on recent structural and functional insight, we discuss how existing CFTR inhibitors function at the molecular and cellular level. We compare their mechanisms of action to those of inhibitors of related ABC transporters, revealing some unexpected features of drug action on CFTR. Although challenges remain, especially relating to the practical effectiveness of currently available CFTR inhibitors, we discuss how recent technological advances might help develop therapies to better address this important global health need.
High Performance Li Metal Anode Enabled by Robust Covalent Triazine Framework‐Based Protective Layer
Authors: Zheng Yuxin , Xia Shuixin , Dong Fei , Sun Hao , Pang Yuepeng , Yang Junhe , Huang Yizhong , Zheng Shiyou
Published: October 2020

Advanced high‐energy‐density energy storage systems with high safety are desperately demanded to power electric vehicles and smart grids. Li metal batteries (LMBs) can provide a considerable leap in battery energy. Nevertheless, the widespread deployment of Li metal has long been fettered by the unstable solid electrolyte interlayer and uncontrolled Li dendrite growth induced safety concerns. Herein, a flexible and conformal CTF‐LiI coating has been rationally coated on Li metal surface to stabilize metallic Li. With the CTF‐LiI coating, the Li electrodeposition exhibits a uniform, dense, and dendrite‐free manner; however, the side reactions between metallic Li and electrolyte have been effectively suppressed. The Li symmetric cells can run stably for a prolonged cycling over 2500 cycles at 10 mA cm−2, demonstrating a much lower voltage hysteresis. In addition, the Li|Li4Ti5O12 cells can deliver an improved long‐time cycling over 250 cycles at 0.05 A g−1. Furthermore, the half cells paired with the organic S cathode also demonstrate an excellent long lifespan stable cycling and a high capacity of 682.2 mAh g−1 retained over 300 cycles with an average capacity decay of ≈0.05% per cycle at 1.0 A g−1. This work demonstrates a significant step toward large‐scalable and long‐cycling stable LMBs.
Reinforcement and Fatigue of a Bioinspired Mineral–Organic Bioresorbable Bone Adhesive
Authors: Kirillova Alina , Nillissen Olivia , Liu Samuel , Kelly Cambre , Gall Ken
Published: October 2020

Bioresorbable bone adhesives may provide remarkable clinical solutions in areas ranging from fixation and osseointegration of permanent implants to the direct healing and fusion of bones without permanent fixation hardware. Mechanical properties of bone adhesives are critical for their successful application in vivo. Reinforcement of a tetracalcium phosphate–phosphoserine bone adhesive is investigated using three degradable reinforcement strategies: poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) (PLGA) fibers, PLGA sutures, and chitosan lactate. All three approaches lead to higher compressive strengths of the material and better fatigue performance. Reinforcement with PLGA fibers and chitosan lactate results in a 100% probability of survival of samples at 20 MPa maximum compressive stress level, which is almost ten times higher compared to compressive loads observed in the intervertebral discs of the spine in vivo. High adhesive shear strength of 5.1 MPa is achieved for fiber‐reinforced bone adhesive by tuning the surface architecture of titanium samples. Finally, biological and biomechanical performance of the fiber‐reinforced adhesive is evaluated in a rabbit distal femur osteotomy model, showing the potential of the bone adhesive for clinical use.
Influence of the Vibrational Modes from the Organic Moieties in 2D Lead Halides on Excitonic Recombination and Phase Transition
Authors: Moral Raphael F. , Germino José C. , Bonato Luiz G. , Almeida Diogo B. , Therézio Eralci M. , Atvars Teresa D. Z. , Stranks Samuel D. , Nome René A. , Nogueira Ana F.
Published: October 2020

2D metal halide semiconductors have been intensively studied in the past few years due to their unique optical properties and potential for new‐generation photonic devices. Despite the large number of recent works, this class of materials is still in need of further understanding due to their complex structural and optical characteristics. In this work, a molecular‐level explanation for the dual band emission in the 2D (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 in its bulk form is presented, demonstrating that this feature is caused by a strong exciton–phonon coupling. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence with Raman and IR spectroscopies reveals that vibrations involving the C‐NH3+ butylammonium polar head are responsible for this exciton–phonon coupling. Additionally, experimental shifts in the mean phonon frequencies coupled with the electronic excitation, combined with a theoretical model, show that these vibrational modes present a soft‐mode behavior in the phase transition of this material.
Multiple Cations Enhanced Defect Passivation of Blue Perovskite Quantum Dots Enabling Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Pan Jiangyong , Zhao Zihan , Fang Fan , Wang Lixi , Wang Guangzhao , Liu Chengjun , Chen Jing , Xie Jing , Sun Jiayun , Wang Kai , Liu Xiang , Tao Zhi , Zhao Jianguo , Wu Qinqin , Chang Jianhua , Wang Ye , Lei Wei , Zhang Wei , Sun Xiao Wei , Zhao Dewei
Published: October 2020

All inorganic perovskite quantum dots (ABX3, A = Cs, B = Pb, X = Cl, Br, or I) are potential candidates for wide‐color‐gamut display applications. High‐efficiency green and red perovskite quantum dot (PeQD) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have been achieved, however, development of blue‐emitting devices, especially those with the relatively short wavelengths (<470 nm) meeting National Television System Committee blue standard, lag largely behind, mainly due to poor film quality, low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of PeQDs, and unfavorable device structure. Here, a strategy of co‐doping Rb+ and Ni2+ in (Cs0.8Rb0.2)(Pb0.95Ni0.05)(Br1.8Cl1.2) PeQDs is reported to improve the film quality and PLQY of PeQDs by realizing multiple passivations and modifying the energy band of PeQDs to reduce the hole injection barrier. With further engineering the device structure to facilitate the hole transport, PeQDLEDs based on multiple‐cation PeQDs show the maximum EQE of 2.14% and the emission peak at 467 nm with a full width at half maximum of 16 nm. This work would open up a new avenue to design and develop efficient blue‐emitting materials for high‐performance blue PeQDLEDs.
Electrochemical Study of Poly(2,6‐Anthraquinonyl Sulfide) as Cathode for Alkali‐Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Yanyao , Gao Yang , Fan Ling , Zhang Yanning , Wang Bo , Qin Zhihui , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan
Published: October 2020

Organic electrode materials are extensively applied for alkali metal (lithium, sodium, and potassium)‐ion batteries (LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs) due to their sustainability and low cost. As a typical organic cathode, poly(2,6‐anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS) shows high theoretical capacity, yet its electrochemical behavior and mechanisms in alkali‐metal‐ion batteries still require clarification. Herein, PAQS microspheres are synthesized and applied as cathodes for LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs. When using traditional low‐concentration electrolytes, the reduction voltage and the initial discharge capacity of PAQS electrode in LIB, SIBs, PIBs are 2.11 V/103 mAh g−1, 1.76/1.30 V/134 mAh g−1, 1.94/1.54 V/198 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, respectively, while the cycling stability of PAQS is in the order of LIBs > SIBs > PIBs. To further promote the practical application of PIBs, a facile method is demonstrated to improve the cycle stability of PAQS for PIBs by using a novel high‐concentration electrolyte. The cycling stability of PIBs with PAQS can be improved significantly to 1200 cycles with a capacity decay of 0.031% per cycle. This work may provide guidelines for developing innovative organic materials used in applicable metal‐ion batteries demonstrates the impact of electrolyte optimization on improving the cycling stability.
Do Automated Reminders for Emergency Department Resident Physicians to Review Their Patient List Improve Efficiency?
Authors: Granata Robert T. , Guillen Nicole R. , Lucero Anthony D. , Lagerhausen Seth T.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Navigating the emergency department (ED) workflow in an efficient manner is an important skill every emergency physician or advanced provider must master. There is a paucity of research into ways to improve how efficiently an ED provider works amid these distractions. This study seeks to determine whether the addition of an hourly automated reminder for resident physicians to review their patient list improves throughput metrics.

Methods

This a double‐blinded randomized controlled trial in which resident physicians at a single community ED were randomly assigned to two groups: the intervention group, which received automated hourly notifications within the electronic medical record (EMR) to review their patient list for those whose workup is completed, and the control group, which received no notifications. We prospectively analyzed records for 25,255 encounters with 19,264 individual patients seen by 64 residents over the study period. Three‐level mixed‐effects regression models were used to examine whether notifications improved ED length of stay (ED‐LOS), turnaround time to discharge (TAT‐D), or turnaround time to admission (TAT‐A).

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in ED‐LOS or TAT‐D between groups, but the average TAT‐A was 20.00 minutes longer in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001), after accounting for patient‐ and resident‐specific effects. Secondary analysis demonstrated no statistically significant effect of residency specialty on the effect of notifications on ED‐LOS, TAT‐D, or TAT‐A.

Conclusions

Automated hourly notifications within the EMR reminding residents in the ED to review their patient list did not reduce the ED‐LOS, TAT‐D, or TAT‐A. However, the TAT‐A was 20.00 minutes longer in the intervention group compared to the control group. It is unclear whether this represents an unintended effect of the automated reminders or is simply a spurious correlation.
Effects of different rice straw on soil microbial community structure
Authors: Liu Li , Ding Mengjiao , Zhou Lukuo , Chen Yi , Li Haiping , Zhang Faming , Li Gang , Zhou Zifang , Zhang Yi , Zhou Xixin
Published: October 2020

Straw incorporation is an important measure to improve soil fertility and soil acidification. However, fresh straw that is returned to the field cannot be decomposed in a short time. Accumulation of undecomposed straw in the soil changes humus composition and the C structure. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of decomposed straw on soil fertility and microbial communities. Soil samples were collected from a rice–rice–tobacco region in southwestern China (The rice was Hongyou No 7, which was a new variety applied in 2007 by the Honghe State Agricultural Science Institute,Yunnan province, China). (The tobacco was K326. K326 was an excellent variety which Imported from Northup King Seed Company (USA) to China in 1985). The soil was mixed with different kinds of straw and incubated in a greenhouse. The responses of the soil fertility, microbial diversity, and microbial population were analyzed after 0, 16, and 33 d of incubation. Overall, we found that (a) the soil organic matter and the organic C content of each humus component were significantly increased after 33 d of incubation. In addition, the condensation and oxidation degrees of the soil C structure were decreased. (b) Community dynamics changes in the soil were accompanied by changes of incubation times. (c) Decomposed straw incorporation could stimulate potentially beneficial microbial populations. (d) Decomposed straw incorporation with microbial agent application could be the best practice for the application of biofertilizers.
Versatile Thin‐Film Transistor with Independent Control of Charge Injection and Transport for Mixed Signal and Analog Computation
Authors: Bestelink Eva , de Sagazan Olivier , Motte Lea , Bateson Max , Schultes Benedikt , Silva S. Ravi P. , Sporea Radu A.
Published: October 2020

New materials and optimized fabrication techniques have led to steady evolution in large area electronics, yet significant advances come only with new approaches to fundamental device design. The multimodal thin‐film transistor introduced here offers broad functionality resulting from separate control of charge injection and transport, essentially using distinct regions of the active material layer for two complementary device functions, and is material agnostic. The initial implementation uses mature processes to focus on the device's fundamental benefits. A tenfold increase in switching speed, linear input–output dependence, and tolerance to process variations enable low‐distortion amplifiers and signal converters with reduced complexity. Floating gate designs eliminate deleterious drain voltage coupling for superior analog memory or computing. This versatile device introduces major new opportunities for thin‐film technologies, including compact circuits for integrated processing at the edge and energy‐efficient analog computation.
ECHS1 disease in two unrelated families of Samoan descent: Common variant ‐ rare disorder
Authors: Simon Mariella T. , Eftekharian Shaya S. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Tang Sha , Naseri Take , Reupena Muagututi'a Sefuiva , McGarvey Stephen T. , Minster Ryan L. , Weeks Daniel E. ,   The Samoan Obesity, Lifestyle, and Genetic Adaptations (OLaGA) Study Group, Nguyen Daniel D. , Lee Sansan , Ellsworth Katarzyna A. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Dimmock David , Pitt James , Abdenur Jose E.
Published: October 2020

Mutations in the short‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase (SCEH) gene, ECHS1, cause a rare autosomal recessive disorder of valine catabolism. Patients usually present with developmental delay, regression, dystonia, feeding difficulties, and abnormal MRI with bilateral basal ganglia involvement. We present clinical, biochemical, molecular, and functional data for four affected patients from two unrelated families of Samoan descent with identical novel compound heterozygous mutations. Family 1 has three affected boys while Family 2 has an affected daughter, all with clinical and MRI findings of Leigh syndrome and intermittent episodes of acidosis and ketosis. WES identified a single heterozygous variant in ECHS1 at position c.832G > A (p.Ala278Thr). However, western blot revealed significantly reduced ECHS1 protein for all affected family members. Decreased SCEH activity in fibroblasts and a mild increase in marker metabolites in urine further supported ECHS1 as the underlying gene defect. Additional investigations at the DNA (aCGH, WGS) and RNA (qPCR, RT‐PCR, RNA‐Seq, RNA‐Array) level identified a silent, common variant at position c.489G > A (p.Pro163=) as the second mutation. This substitution, present at high frequency in the Samoan population, is associated with decreased levels of normally spliced mRNA. To our understanding, this is the first report of a novel, hypomorphic allele c.489G > A (p.Pro163=), associated with SCEH deficiency.
Side‐on Coordination in Isostructural Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Complexes of Nickel
Authors: Puerta Lombardi Braulio M. , Gendy Chris , Gelfand Benjamin S. , Bernard Guy M. , Wasylishen Roderick E. , Tuononen Heikki M. , Roesler Roland
Published: October 2020

A nickel complex incorporating an N2O ligand with a rare η2‐N,N′‐coordination mode was isolated and characterized by X‐ray crystallography, as well as by IR and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy augmented by 15N‐labeling experiments. The isoelectronic nickel CO2 complex reported for comparison features a very similar solid‐state structure. Computational studies revealed that η2‐N2O binds to nickel slightly stronger than η2‐CO2 in this case, and comparably to or slightly stronger than η2‐CO2 to transition metals in general. Comparable transition‐state energies for the formation of isomeric η2‐N,N′‐ and η2‐N,O‐complexes, and a negligible activation barrier for the decomposition of the latter likely account for the limited stability of the N2O complex.
Reversing Titanium Oligomer Formation towards High‐Efficiency and Green Synthesis of Titanium‐Containing Molecular Sieves
Authors: Lin Dong , Zhang Quande , Qin Zhengxing , Li Qing , Feng Xiang , Song Zhaoning , Cai Zhenping , Liu Yibin , Chen Xiaobo , Chen De , Mintova Svetlana , Yang Chaohe
Published: October 2020

Green and efficient synthesis of titanium‐containing molecular sieves is limited by the quantity of environmentally unfriendly additives and complicated synthesis procedures required. Oligomerization of Ti monomers into anatase TiO2 is the typical outcome of such procedures because of a mismatch between hydrolysis rates of Si and Ti precursors. We report a simple and generic additive‐free route for the synthesis of Ti‐containing molecular sieves (MFI, MEL, and BEA). This approach successfully reverses the formation of Ti oligomers to match hydrolysis rates of Ti and Si species with the assistance of hydroxyl free radicals generated in situ from ultraviolet irradiation. Moreover, fantastic catalytic performance for propene epoxidation with H2 and O2 was observed. Compared with the conventional hydrothermal method, this approach opens up new opportunities for high‐efficiency, environmentally benign, and facile production of pure titanium‐containing molecular sieves.
Chemical‐ vs sonochemical‐assisted synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from a new zinc complex for improvement of carotene biosynthesis fromRhodotorula toruloidesMH023518
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed B.M. , Mahmoud Ghada Abd‐Elmonsef
Published: October 2020

The complex [ZnL2] {HL = 2‐(((3,4‐dimethylphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol} was introduced by two routes (chemical vs. sonochemical) and acted as a source of different size zinc‐oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) (nonsonicated ZnO NPs of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 19.208 m2g−1, total pore volume of 0.03493 cc g−1, and particle diameter of 20.49–114.89 nm vs. sonicated ZnO NPs of BET surface area of 38.383 m2g−1, total pore volume of 0.08723 cc g−1and particle diameter of 15.09–55.31 nm). The NPs generate cell stress that leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, carotene biosynthesis can be enhanced to overcome the ROS.Rhodotorula toruloidesMH023518, genetically identified with 18S rRNA, produced carotenoids (124 ± 4.5 mg L−1) and lipids (0.897 ± 0.01 mg L−1) under no NPs' stress, but these values increased to total carotenoids of 264 ± 0.6 and 297.78 ± 0.8 mg L−1and total lipids of 0.97 ± 0.007 and 1.096 ± 0.015 mg L−1under stress conditions of 50 ppm of the nonsonicated and sonicated ZnO NPs, respectively. These results may represent potential industrial utilization of the as‐formed ZnO NPs (particularly the sonicated sample) as carotene and lipid stimulator. Additionally in this article, the soluble proteins, total antioxidants, and catalase and superoxide dismutase specific activities of the yeast in the presence of various concentrations of the as‐formed ZnO NPs were determined.
A Five‐Step Evidence‐Based Practice Primer for Perioperative RNs
Authors: Stucky Christopher H. , De Jong Marla J. , Rodriguez Jose A.
Published: October 2020

Perioperative nurses work in one of the most complex healthcare settings and must adapt to rapid advances in technology, treatments, and scientific discoveries to maintain clinical competence and provide care that reflects current evidence. Evidence‐based practice (EBP) is a standard of professional nursing performance and an expectation of professional nursing practice. Because EBP is foundational to health care quality and safety, perioperative nurses must understand the concepts of EBP and have the capacity to apply evidence to their clinical practice. However, some perioperative nurses struggle with EBP concepts and find it difficult to access, appraise, and apply evidence. In this article, we describe the five‐step EBP process and provide valuable insights into EBP for perioperative RNs.
PCL/β‐AgVO3 nanocomposites obtained by solvent casting as potential antimicrobial biomaterials
Authors: de Menezes Beatriz Rossi Canuto , Montanheiro Thaís Larissa do Amaral , Sampaio Aline da Graça , Koga‐Ito Cristiane Yumi , Thim Gilmar Patrocínio , Montagna Larissa Stieven
Published: October 2020

The adhesion of microorganisms on biomaterials can impair its effective application. The addition of antimicrobial agents is a promising alternative to overcome this limitation. In this work, films of polycaprolactone (PCL) and nanostructured β‐AgVO3 (SV) were produced by solvent casting with 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% of SV. The effect of SV on the structure of PCL was investigate using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of the films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated by the agar diffusion method and by direct contact test. FTIR confirmed the presence of SV into the PCL films, with chemical interaction between them. SEM showed that SV nanorods were well dispersed and with good interfacial adhesion with PCL. XRD diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that the presence of SV increased the number of nucleation sites, reducing the size of crystallites and increasing the amorphous domains in the PCL matrix, consequently reducing crystallinity. This behavior was confirmed by DSC, which showed a reduction in the crystallinity with increasing SV content. Films with 1 wt% of SV showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in direct contact test.
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer metallization via a conductive silver nanowires polyurethane coating for electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Dupenne David , Lonjon Antoine , Dantras Eric , Pierré Thierry , Lubineau Marc , Lacabanne Colette
Published: October 2020

For electromagnetic shielding in space environment, the metallization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is required. A specific attention is paid due to the thermal expansion coefficient difference between substrate and metal coating. A surface metallization of a CFRP has been elaborated by electrodeposition. This study presents an original process based on an electrically conductive polymer coating elaborated from a polyurethane matrix filled with a low content of silver nanowires (<10%vol). A continuous and adherent deposit is obtained by an optimization of the electroplating parameters. A minimal volume fraction was determined at 3%vol associated with an applied current density estimated near 0.1 A/dm2. The growth speed is 7 μm/h at 0.1 A/dm2. The adhesion was checked in severe environmental conditions (−196 to 165°C). The effectiveness shielding obtained with this solution reaches an attenuation value higher than 90 dB between 1 and 26 GHz necessary for space communication applications.
Evaluation by IR spectroscopy of the degradation of different types of commercial polyethylene exposed to UV radiation and domestic compost in ambient conditions
Authors: Martínez Karla I. , González‐Mota Rosario , Soto‐Bernal Juan José , Rosales‐Candelas Iliana
Published: October 2020

Different types of commercial polyethylene films, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), and biodegradable polyethylene (BIO‐PE), were exposed to UV‐B radiation at different exposure time and domestic composting during spring and fall at ambient conditions. The effects of UV‐B radiation and domestic composting on LDPE, HDPE, and BIO‐PE degradation were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. LDPE, HDPE, and BIO‐PE exposed to UV‐B radiation underwent photo oxidation reactions leading to the formation of carbonyl (CO) and vinyl (CH2CH) groups and hydrophilic surface modification. Also, the exposure of LDPE, HDPE, and BIO‐PE to domestic composting at ambient conditions at different seasons suffered biodegradation reactions leading to the formation of polysaccharides. In both different seasons LDPE, HDPE, and BIO‐PE underwent partial biodegradation, remaining in the domestic composting as unwanted polymer debris. However, biodegradation in domestic composting is not recommended as feasible disposal routes for nonbiodegradable and commercially labeled as biodegradable PE.
A high‐efficiency DOPO‐based reactive flame retardant with bi‐hydroxyl for low‐flammability epoxy resin
Authors: Zhang Junjun , Duan Huajun , Cao Jianfan , Zou Jiahao , Ma Huiru
Published: October 2020

A high‐efficiency DOPO‐based reactive flame retardant (DPE) with bi‐hydroxyl was successfully synthesized via reacting DOPO with imine obtained from the condensation of ethanolamine and 1,4‐phthalaldehyde, and used as co‐curing agent to improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP). Its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, 1H, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and elemental analysis. The curing behavior, thermal properties, flame‐retardant properties of EP/DPE systems were investigated. The results revealed that DPE slightly decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg), but accelerated the curing cross‐linking reaction of EP. Furthermore, DPE decreased thermal degradation rate of epoxy matrix and promoted the formation of residual char at high temperature. After adding DPE, the flame retardant of epoxy thermosets was greatly improved. Especially, the thermoset modified with 5 wt% DPE achieved limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 33.6% and V‐0 rating in UL‐94 test, demonstrating the highly efficient flame retardancy. While its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) were respectively decreased by 32.6%, 17.8%, and 13.9% compared with neat EP. Moreover, the research on flame retardant mechanism disclosed that DPE played dual flame‐retardant effect in the gaseous and condensed phases.
Impact of sudden stratospheric warmings on United Kingdom mortality
Authors: Charlton‐Perez Andrew J. , Huang Wan Ting Katty , Lee Simon H.
Published: October 2020

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) during boreal winter are one of the main drivers of sub‐seasonal climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere. Although the impact of SSW events on surface climate and climate extremes has been clearly demonstrated, the impact of the resulting climate anomalies on society has not been so widely considered. In the United Kingdom (UK), SSWs are associated with cold weather, which is linked to significant increases in mortality. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that SSWs are linked to increases in mortality in the UK. A distributed lag nonlinear model and standard parameter settings from the literature is used to construct a daily time series of UK deaths attributable to cold weather between 1991 and 2018. Weekly mortality associated with SSWs is diagnosed using a superposed epoch analysis of attributed mortality for the 15 SSW events in this period. SSW associated mortality peaks between 3 and 5 weeks after SSW central date and leads to, on average, 620 additional deaths in the same period. Given that the impacts of SSWs can be skilfully predicted on sub‐seasonal timescales, this suggests that health and social care systems could derive substantial benefit from sub‐seasonal forecasts during SSWs.
Reduced Proactive Control Processes Associated With Behavioral Response Inhibition Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kelly Shannon E. , Schmitt Lauren M. , Sweeney John A. , Mosconi Matthew W.
Published: October 2020

Impairments in inhibitory control are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated with multiple clinical issues. Proactive (i.e., delaying response onset) and reactive control mechanisms (i.e., stopping quickly) contribute to successful inhibitory control in typically developing individuals and may be compromised in ASD. We assessed inhibitory control in 58 individuals with ASD and 63 typically developing controls aged 5–29 years using an oculomotor stop‐signal task during which participants made rapid eye movements (i.e., saccades) toward peripheral targets (i.e., GO trials) or inhibited saccades (i.e., STOP trials). Individuals with ASD exhibited reduced ability to inhibit saccades, reduced reaction time slowing (GO RT slowing), and faster stop‐signal reaction times (SSRT) compared to controls. Across participants, stopping accuracy was positively related to GO RT slowing, and increased age was associated with higher stopping accuracy and GO RT slowing. Our results indicate that failures to proactively delay prepotent responses in ASD underpin deficits of inhibitory control and may contribute to difficulties modifying their behavior according to changes in contextual demands. These findings implicate frontostriatal brain networks in inhibitory control and core symptoms of ASD.

Lay Summary

Difficulties stopping actions are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are related to repetitive behaviors. This study compared the ability to stop eye movements in individuals with ASD and healthy peers. We found that individuals with ASD were less able to stop eye movements and that this difficulty was related to a reduced ability to delay their eye movements before seeing the cue to stop, not their ability to react quickly to this cue.