bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Lane Change Safety and Efficiency in Autonomous Driving Through Improved Reinforcement Learning for Highway Decision-Making
Authors: Wang Zi , Jiang Mingzuo , Gu Shaoqiang , Gu Yunyang , Wang Jiaxia
Published: February 2025

Autonomous driving (AD) significantly reduces road accidents, providing safer transportation while optimizing traffic flow for greater efficiency and smoothness. However, ensuring safe decision-making in dynamic and complex highway environments, especially during lane-changing maneuvers, remains a challenge. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become a promising method for developing decision-making systems in AD, particularly Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). In this study, we focus on highway lane-change behaviors and propose a novel DRL algorithm, called Huber-regularized Reward-threshold Adaptive Double Deep Q-Network (HRA-DDQN). First, a reward function optimally balances speed, safety, and the necessity of lane changes, ensuring efficient and safe maneuvering in highway scenarios. Second, the dynamic target network update strategy triggered by reward difference is introduced into HRA-DDQN, which enhances the model’s adaptability to varying traffic conditions. Finally, a hybrid loss function, combining Huber loss with L2 regularization, is implemented in HRA-DDQN to improve robustness against outliers and mitigate overfitting. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed decision framework significantly enhances both driving efficiency and safety, outperforming other methods by yielding higher rewards, lower collision rates, and more stable lane-changing decisions.
An Analysis of the Energy Efficiency and Control Strategy of ERVs with Energy Recovery in Different Typical Regions Throughout the Year
Authors: Tu Aimin , Zhao Xingshun , Liu Shijie , Zhu Dongsheng
Published: February 2025

The temperature frequency method is used to analyze the energy savings of the wall-type energy recovery fresh air ventilator in three different typical regions, namely Guangzhou, with a tropical monsoon climate; the sub-temperate Wuhan; and Beijing, with a temperate monsoon climate, throughout the year. The influence of different temperature efficiencies and resistance levels of the energy recovery ventilator (ERV) on annual energy efficiency is also analyzed. The control temperature of the auxiliary heating device used in the winter is discussed, and the indoor temperature variation trend in the inter-wall-type energy recovery fresh air ventilator operating 24 h on four typical days of the year under different control modes is analyzed in the tropical monsoon climate of Guangzhou. The conclusions obtained can provide a reference for the application and selection of inter-wall-type energy recovery fresh air ventilators.
Phase Behavior and Flowing State of Water-Containing Live Crude Oil in Transportation Pipelines
Authors: Li Si , Yang Haiyan , Liu Run , Zhou Shidong , Fan Kaifeng
Published: February 2025

To address the challenges and risks associated with the declining crude yield, an optimization project for the surface production facilities at ZY Oilfield is underway. Upon the completion of this project, the oilfield’s export pipelines will transport water-containing live crude oil. To ensure pipeline transportation safety, it is essential to clarify the phase behaviors and flow state of water-containing live oil. For this purpose, the VLLE characteristics of water-containing live oil were analyzed with Aspen HYSYS V12 software and validated through PVT tests. Additionally, the pressure variations in multiphase flow pipelines under different operating conditions were calculated using the Beggs and Brill–Moody–Eaton method with Pipephase 9.6 software. The results indicated that the bubble point pressure and vapor fraction of water-containing live oil were higher than those of dehydrated dead crude within the operating temperature range. Liquid–gas flow was likely to occur in the presence of low soil temperatures, low oil output, low outlet pressure, high outlet temperatures, or small water fractions, particularly at the pipeline ends. Moreover, the optimized technological processes for stations and pipeline operations were proposed. The findings offer a new approach for the safe transportation of low-output live oil and provide valuable insights for optimizing surface production in aging oilfields.
Dual-Vector Model Predictive Current Control with Entire-Time-Domain Current Harmonic Optimization and Robust Control Strategy
Authors: Guo Dahui , Yang Jian , Zhou Hanbin , Huang Qian , Dong Mi , Liao Liqing
Published: February 2025

This article proposes a robust dual-vector model predictive control (RDVMPC) strategy for high-power three-level inverters, specifically designed to optimize current harmonics. By extending the concept of total harmonic distortion (THD) to the entire time domain, the current deviation is redefined, and a novel cost function is formulated. The proposed strategy incorporates dual-vector control to maintain a fixed switching frequency while optimizing the sequences and duty cycles of the vectors to further mitigate THD. A novel ultra-local model is employed to eliminate dependency on precise system parameters, with unknown components accurately estimated through an extended state observer (ESO) equipped with an adaptive bandwidth gain mechanism. This mechanism dynamically adjusts to enhance disturbance rejection under parameter variations and suppress noise under steady-state conditions. The efficacy of the proposed method is substantiated through simulations and experimental validation on a 10 kW T-type inverter, demonstrating significant improvements in harmonic reduction and overall system performance.
Suitability of Photovoltaic Power Station Sites Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Model of Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis—Taking Qujing City of Yunnan Province as Example
Authors: Zhou Fangbin , Xiao Yun , Yao Tianyi , Xie Feng , Bian Junwei
Published: February 2025

With the global shift in energy systems and the growing adoption of renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation has become widely implemented worldwide as a clean and efficient energy source. Therefore, scientific and rational locating methods for photovoltaic power stations has become essential. This study employs a particle swarm optimization (PSO) model based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) for evaluating the site-suitability of photovoltaic power stations. Taking Qujing City in Yunnan Province as an example, this study comprehensively considered 13 factors in three categories: meteorology, physical geography, and location. In addition, such topographic factors as planar curvature, profile curvature, and LSW were added to the physical geography factors for consideration. In previous studies, less attention has been paid to these factors. Spatial analysis and data integration of influencer factors in the study area were carried out in geographic information system (GIS) technology, with weights assigned for each factor in combination with a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, but a low consistency effect was delivered. To optimize the consistency effect, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was introduced, and weights with good consistency effects were obtained. Based on such weights, the suitability evaluation was carried out to select photovoltaic power stations. The evaluation results were compared with those obtained from the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization model based on FAHP and were further verified in the area of the photovoltaic power stations built. It is demonstrated that the accuracy rate of the suitability of Qujing photovoltaic power station site selection based on the particle swarm optimization model of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was the highest at 99.3%.
Human Similar Activity Recognition Using Millimeter-Wave Radar Based on CNN-BiLSTM and Class Activation Mapping
Authors: Wu Xiaochuan , Ling Zengyi , Zhang Xin , Ma Zhanchao , Deng Weibo
Published: February 2025

Human activity recognition (HAR) is an important field in the application of millimeter-wave radar. Radar-based HARs typically use Doppler signatures as primary data. However, some common similar human activities exhibit similar features that are difficult to distinguish. Therefore, the identification of similar activities is a great challenge. Given this problem, a recognition method based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), and class activation mapping (CAM) is proposed in this paper. The spectrogram is formed by processing the radar echo signal. The high-dimensional features are extracted by CNN, and then the corresponding feature vectors are fed into the BiLSTM to obtain the recognition results. Finally, the class activation mapping is used to visualize the decision recognition process of the model. Based on the data of four similar activities of different people collected by mm-wave radar, the experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the proposed model reached 94.63%. Additionally, the output results of this model have strong robustness and generalization ability. It provides a new way to improve the accuracy of human similar posture recognition.
The Nutritional Profile of Root Vegetables Through Spontaneous Fermentation with Apples: Amino Acid Composition and Microbial Dynamics
Authors: Gientka Iwona , Synowiec Alicja , Pobiega Katarzyna , Staniszewska Patrycja , Perkowska Joanna , Procyk Marcelina , Pokrywczyński Bartosz Igor , Janowicz Monika
Published: February 2025

To diversify fermented plant-based products, vegetables can be fermented with fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of spontaneous fermentation on the amino acid nutritional profile of sliced carrot (Daucus carota) and celeriac (Apium graveolens), with and without the addition of apple (Malus domestica). Lactic acid bacteria rapidly lowered the pH, ensuring the product’s microbiological stability and safety. The addition of apples to the fermentation of root vegetables had a beneficial effect on maintaining a high number of active lactic acid bacteria. The fermentation process significantly influenced the amino acid composition, reducing the content of acidic amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) while increasing the levels of several essential amino acids. Leucine was found to be the limiting amino acid in all fermented variants, although its content increased during fermentation. The Essential Amino Acid Index (EAAI) of the fermented products was generally higher in variants with apple (carrot with apple = 1.13, and celeriac with apple = 1.03). The results indicate that the fermentation of root vegetables with apple enhances protein quality and contributes to the development of nutritionally valuable, microbiologically safe fermented foods. This study supports sustainable dietary practices by utilizing locally available root vegetables to create innovative plant-based fermented products.
Recent Advances in Biosensor Technologies for Meat Production Chain
Authors: Nastasijevic Ivan , Kundacina Ivana , Jaric Stefan , Pavlovic Zoran , Radovic Marko , Radonic Vasa
Published: February 2025

Biosensors are innovative and cost-effective analytical devices that integrate biological recognition elements (bioreceptors) with transducers to detect specific substances (biomolecules), providing a high sensitivity and specificity for the rapid and accurate point-of-care (POC) quantitative detection of selected biomolecules. In the meat production chain, their application has gained attention due to the increasing demand for enhanced food safety, quality assurance, food fraud detection, and regulatory compliance. Biosensors can detect foodborne pathogens (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli/STEC, L. monocytogenes, etc.), spoilage bacteria and indicators, contaminants (pesticides, dioxins, and mycotoxins), antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance genes, hormones (growth promoters and stress hormones), and metabolites (acute-phase proteins as inflammation markers) at different modules along the meat chain, from livestock farming to packaging in the farm-to-fork (F2F) continuum. By providing real-time data from the meat chain, biosensors enable early interventions, reducing the health risks (foodborne outbreaks) associated with contaminated meat/meat products or sub-standard meat products. Recent advancements in micro- and nanotechnology, microfluidics, and wireless communication have further enhanced the sensitivity, specificity, portability, and automation of biosensors, making them suitable for on-site field applications. The integration of biosensors with blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) systems allows for acquired data integration and management, while their integration with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) enables rapid data processing, analytics, and input for risk assessment by competent authorities. This promotes transparency and traceability within the meat chain, fostering consumer trust and industry accountability. Despite biosensors’ promising potential, challenges such as scalability, reliability associated with the complexity of meat matrices, and regulatory approval are still the main challenges. This review provides a broad overview of the most relevant aspects of current state-of-the-art biosensors’ development, challenges, and opportunities for prospective applications and their regular use in meat safety and quality monitoring, clarifying further perspectives.
The Concentrations of Fatty Acids, Cholesterol and Vitamin E in Cooked Longissimus, Semitendinosus, Psoas Major and Supraspinatus Muscles from Cattle Offered Grass Only, Concentrates Ad Libitum or Grass Silage Supplemented with Concentrates
Authors: Moloney Aidan P. , McElhinney Cormac , Cama-Moncunill Raquel , O′Riordan Edward G. , Monahan Frank J.
Published: February 2025

There is growing interest among consumers in the nutritional value of the food they consume. The objectives of this study were (1) to document the nutritional value, with a focus on the fatty acid profile, of beef from cattle from one commercial production system that only ever received grass-based feed ingredients compared with similar animals finished in more conventional, i.e., with high-concentrate or concentrate-supplemented grass silage, production systems; (2) to determine the effect of the dietary treatments on muscles representing a range in intramuscular fat concentrations and commercial value, viz supraspinatus, semitendinosus, longissimus lumborum and psoas major; and (3) to determine if the fatty acid profile can be used to distinguish between different beef muscles. Dietary treatment and muscle type influenced the concentration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid, with the highest concentrations observed in psoas major from cattle fed grass only. These data should be of use to the meat industry and to those updating nutritional databases. The possibility of discriminating beef according to its dietary background based on the fatty acid profile was confirmed. While this approach was moderately successful with respect to the separation of supraspinatus, longissimus lumborum and psoas major, discrimination between the more valuable longissimus lumborum and the lower-value semitendinosus is more challenging.
Ursolic Acid Induces Multifaceted Defense Responses Against Postharvest Blue Mold Rot in Apple Fruit
Authors: Shu Chang , Jiao Wenxiao , Cui Kuanbo , Cao Jiankang , Jiang Weibo
Published: February 2025

The disease resistance and defense mechanisms induced by ursolic acid (UA) in apple fruit were studied in this paper. UA was directly mixed with potato dextrose agar and broth media to assay its antifungal activity in vitro. The results showed that UA exerted inherent antifungal activity and directly inhibited the in vitro growth and spore germination of Penicillium expansum. Its half-maximal inhibitory concentration for hyphal growth was 175.6 mg L−1. Apple fruit were immersed in UA solution, followed by inoculation with P. expansum, to measure their disease response. The results demonstrated that UA induced significant disease resistance in apple fruit and that its mechanisms are multifaceted and associated with defensive and antioxidative enzymes and the phenylpropanoid pathway. Chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase were activated and maintained at relatively high levels. The activities of enzymes and their metabolites in the phenylpropanoid pathway, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase were significantly increased; accordingly, total phenolics, flavonoid, and lignin contents were significantly increased. The activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were enhanced upon UA treatment, while catalase activity was suppressed, which regulates hydrogen peroxide accumulation to defend against pathogens. These results suggest that UA induces defense responses against postharvest blue mold rot in apple fruit and that it may be a promising elicitor to induce fruit disease resistance to control postharvest decay.
Growth Rate Determination of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-To-Eat Fish Products Under Different Storage Conditions for Possible Shelf-Life Extension
Authors: Cipriani Paolo , Dalzini Elena , Cosciani-Cunico Elena , Abdul Muhammad-Ehtesham , Monastero Paola , Merigo Daniela , Ducoli Stefania , Norton Alessandro , Losio Marina-Nadia , Pavoni Enrico
Published: February 2025

An increasing trend among food business operators (FBOs) to extend the shelf life of Ready-To-Eat (RTE) fish products over 5 days, the duration usually assigned to this kind of product, has been observed recently. In this study, three independent challenge tests (food artificial contamination) were performed on tuna fillet, marinated salmon tartare, and cubed salmon, with the aim of calculating the maximum growth rate (Vmax) of Listeria monocytogenes and estimating the time required to reach the legal limit of 2 log CFU/g, as established by European Regulation 2073/2005. The pathogen counts were fitted by the model of Baranyi and Roberts to calculate the Vmax, which were 0.041, 0.020, and 0.039 log CFU/g·h−1, respectively, for the tuna fillet, marinated salmon tartare, and cubed salmon at 10 °C. These results can help FBOs in assigning the correct shelf life based on hygienic practices during the process, product characteristics, and storage conditions. The time to reach the legal limit greatly depends on the starting concentration of the pathogen and on the storage temperature. The challenges for FBOs and the health authorities include reducing the contamination of L. monocytogenes, controlling the retail temperatures, and implementing the analytical tests for quick responses.
Towards Sustainable Aquafeeds: Microalgal (Nannochloropsis sp. QH25) Co-Product Biomass Can Fully Replace Fishmeal in the Feeds for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Sarker Pallab K. , Schoffstall Benjamin V. , Kapuscinski Anne R. , McKuin Brandi , Fitzgerald Devin , Greenwood Connor , O’Shelski Kira , Pasion Emily Noelle , Gwynne Duncan , Gonzalez Orcajo Diego , Andrade Sofie , Nocera Pablo , San Pablo Angelo M.
Published: February 2025

Aquaculture, one of the world’s most rapidly growing food sectors, faces several concerns about its sustainability. A major concern is using fishmeal and fish oil from ocean-derived small pelagic fish (sardine, anchovy, etc.) in aquaculture feed. The aquafeed industry is seeking new sustainable ingredients to replace fish meal. This study focused on microalgal co-product, Nannochloropsis sp. QH25 co-product (leftover after oil extraction for nutraceuticals) is a novel aquafeed ingredient that can replace fishmeal in rainbow trout diets. A nutritional feeding experiment was conducted and compared fishmeal-containing rainbow trout diets with microalgal co-products that replaced fishmeal as follows: 0% replacement in reference diet (fishmeal, no microalgal co-product) and test diets with 33%, 66%, and 100% replacement of fishmeal using microalgal-product. Results showed the complete replacement diet yielded fish growth, feed conversion, and survival similar to the reference diet. Depositions of macronutrients, amino acids, fatty acids, macro minerals, and several trace elements in the filet were not significantly different across diets. Economic conversion ratio (ECR) analysis showed that the rainbow trout fed the 100% replacement diet had the lowest feed cost per kg of fish produced. Microalgal co-products can fully replace fishmeal in trout feed while maintaining fish performance, flesh composition, and cost-effectiveness.
Polysaccharides from Exocarpium Citri Grandis: Graded Ethanol Precipitation, Structural Characterization, Inhibition of α-Glucosidase Activity, Anti-Oxidation, and Anti-Glycation Potentials
Authors: Chen Meizhen , Wang Juan
Published: February 2025

The endocarp of Exocarpium Citri Grandis (ECG) is abundant in various bioactive components, such as polysaccharides; however, there are few studies on them. Thus, it is highly necessary to carry out further research on the structural characterization and biological activities of ECG polysaccharides (EPs), which are important bioactive substances. In this study, water-extracted EPs were precipitated by ethanol with final concentrations of 50%, 70%, and 90% (v/v), respectively. Three crude polysaccharides (EP50, EP70, and EP90) were fractioned successively. The three polysaccharide fractions were structurally elucidated and were investigated in vitro for their biological activities related to glucose metabolism containing inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and non-enzymatic glycosylation and their antioxidant capacities. The main results are summarized as follows: (1) Gradient ethanol precipitation and physicochemical properties of EPs: The yields of EP50, EP70, and EP90 were 11.18%, 0.57%, and 0.18%, respectively. The total sugar contents were 40.01%, 52.61%, and 53.46%, and the uronic acid contents were 30.25%, 18.11%, and 8.17%, respectively. In addition, the three fractions had the same composition of monosaccharides, including rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid, with differences in the content of neutral and acidic monosaccharides. They all may be branched polymers and spherical conformation, and they were acidic polysaccharides containing esterified and non-esterified uronic acids, pyranose-form sugars, and glycosidic linkages of α-configuration and β-configuration, with esterification degrees of 32.25%, 28.82%, and 15.58%, respectively. Meanwhile, EP50, EP70, and EP90 were mainly amorphous, and the molecular conformation in solution was a spherical branching polymer without a triple helix structure. The EPs exhibited excellent thermal stability, with their structures remaining stable below 170 °C. (2) In terms of activity research, the results showed that EPs had a good α-glucosidase inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 1.17 mg/mL, 1.40 mg/mL, and 2.72 mg/mL, respectively, among which EP50 was the best. EP50, EP70, and EP90 displayed antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals as well as oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Among them, EP90 had the strongest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the EPs showed prominent effects on the inhibitory activity of non-enzymatic glycosylation. In summary, the research on the extraction of polysaccharide from ECG provides a technical reference for the further utilization of ECG resources. This study on antioxidant activity provides theoretical support for their use as a natural antioxidant. As oxidation and glycation are relevant to diabetic complications, the result of this work suggests that EPs may be effective in preventing and treating diabetic complications.
Investigation of New Optical Solutions for the Fractional Schrödinger Equation with Time-Dependent Coefficients: Polynomial, Random, Trigonometric, and Hyperbolic Functions
Authors: Ali Ekram E. , Ennaceur Marwa , Mohammed Wael W. , Algolam Mohamed S. , Ahmed Athar I.
Published: February 2025

The fractional Schrödinger equation with time-dependent coefficients (FSE-TDCs) is taken into consideration here. The mapping method and the (G′/G)-expansion method are applied to generate new bright solutions, kink solutions, dark optical solutions, singular solutions, periodic solutions, and others. Because the Schrödinger equation is widely employed in quantum computers, quantum mechanics, physics, engineering, and chemistry, the solutions developed can be utilized to examine a wide range of important physical phenomena. In addition, we illustrate the influence of the coefficients, when these coefficients have specific values, such as random, polynomial, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions, on the exact solutions of FSE-TDCs. Also, we show the influence of fractional-order derivatives on the obtained solutions.
ACT2.6: Global Gene Coexpression Network in Arabidopsis thaliana Using WGCNA
Authors: Zogopoulos Vasileios L. , Papadopoulos Konstantinos , Malatras Apostolos , Iconomidou Vassiliki A. , Michalopoulos Ioannis
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Genes with similar expression patterns across multiple samples are considered coexpressed, and they may participate in similar biological processes or pathways. Gene coexpression networks depict the degree of similarity between the expression profiles of all genes in a set of samples. Gene coexpression tools allow for the prediction of functional gene partners or the assignment of roles to genes of unknown function. Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) is an R package that provides a multitude of functions for constructing and analyzing a weighted or unweighted gene coexpression network. Methods: Previously preprocessed, high-quality gene expression data of 3500 samples of Affymetrix microarray technology from various tissues of the Arabidopsis thaliana plant model species were used to construct a weighted gene coexpression network, using WGCNA. Results: The gene dendrogram was used as the basis for the creation of a new Arabidopsis coexpression tool (ACT) version (ACT2.6). The dendrogram contains 21,273 leaves, each one corresponding to a single gene. Genes that are clustered in the same clade are coexpressed. WGCNA grouped the genes into 27 functional modules, all of which were positively or negatively correlated with specific tissues. Discussion: Genes known to be involved in common metabolic pathways were discovered in the same module. By comparing the current ACT version with the previous one, it was shown that the new version outperforms the old one in discovering the functional connections between gene partners. ACT2.6 is a major upgrade over the previous version and a significant addition to the collection of public gene coexpression tools.
Clinical Implications of Cell-Free DNA in Managing BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Iwai Takuma , Yamada Takeshi , Uehara Kay , Shinji Seiichi , Matsuda Akihisa , Yokoyama Yasuyuki , Takahashi Goro , Miyasaka Toshimitsu , Yoshida Hiroshi
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: BRAFV600E-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with poor prognosis, and despite the introduction of BEACON therapy, significant treatment challenges remain. This study investigates the clinical utility of BRAFV600E in cell-free DNA (cfDNA BRAFV600E) as a biomarker for real-time treatment monitoring in metastatic cases and for evaluating minimal residual disease (MRD) after curative resection. Methods: This single-center, prospective observational study included 37 patients with BRAFV600E-mutant CRC treated at Nippon Medical School Hospital between April 2017 and June 2024. Patients were divided into two cohorts: Cohort 1 (Stage IV cases): Evaluated cfDNA BRAFV600E for treatment monitoring. Cohort 2 (Stage I–III curatively resected cases): Assessed cfDNA BRAFV600E for recurrence risk prediction. Blood samples were collected before and during treatment and analyzed using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to measure cfDNA BRAFV600E levels. Results: Cohort 1 (Stage IV, n = 14): Pre-treatment cfDNA BRAFV600E was detected in 93% of cases. Patients with a decrease in cfDNA BRAFV600E variant allele frequency (VAF) after chemotherapy had significantly longer overall survival (511 vs. 189 days, p = 0.03) than those without a decrease. Cohort 2 (curatively resected, n = 23): cfDNA BRAFV600E was detected in 4/23 patients (17.4%) at 1 month post-surgery. cfDNA BRAFV600E showed better recurrence prediction compared to CEA (100% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.004). Among the seven patients who experienced recurrence, those with postoperative cfDNA BRAFV600E positivity had significantly shorter disease-free survival compared to cfDNA BRAFV600E-negative patients (179 vs. 840 days, p = 0.04). Conclusions: These findings support cfDNA BRAFV600E as a promising biomarker for monitoring treatment response and MRD detection in BRAFV600E-mutant CRC, reinforcing its role in guiding personalized treatment strategies and postoperative surveillance.
Effects of a Self-Management Program on Adults with Stroke: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Pereira Carla M. , Branco Daniela , Salvador Dina , Dias Teresa L. , Carvalho Daniel , Matos Mara , Rodrigues Sandra , Calheiros José M. , Marques António Manuel , Jones Fiona
Published: February 2025

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, underscoring the importance of effective self-management programs to improve the quality of life for survivors. Objectives: This study investigates the impact of the ComVida (Bridges-PT) self-management program on self-efficacy, physical function, health-related quality of life, and emotional state of stroke survivors in Portugal. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 28 participants from hospital and community settings. The ComVida program, combining personalized rehabilitation sessions and the use of a self-management workbook was implemented. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks using the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ), the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS-16), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Short Form Questionnaire-12 (SF-12v2). Results: Significant improvements were observed in self-efficacy, physical function, emotional state, and health-related quality of life over the study period. The SSEQ scores increased from 23.3 at baseline to 33.3 at 12 weeks, while SIS-16 scores improved from 47.5 to 67.2. Anxiety and depression levels, measured by HADS, also showed significant reductions, as did health-related quality of life, evaluated by the SF-12v2. Conclusions: The results suggest that the program may enhance self-efficacy, physical function, and emotional well-being in stroke survivors, highlighting its potential as a valuable component of post-stroke care in Portugal.
Nutrition Support Therapy for Hospitalized Children with Malnutrition: A Narrative Review
Authors: AlQahtani Sheikha Nasser , AlGubaisi Sara , AlHaffaf Faisal Ahmed , Makki Rabab Jamel , Alohali Eman Ali , AlMadani Raneem Omran , AlSagiheer Haifa Mujahed , Al-Otaibi Mastourah Mousa , Mohammed Hossam Tawakol
Published: February 2025

Nutrition support is essential to improve clinical outcomes and prevent malnutrition-related complications in hospitalized children. This review aims to explore the latest international guidelines and recommendations for nutrition support therapy over the last decade. Many organizations and pediatric societies emphasize the importance of nutrition support therapy and the critical role of nutrition support teams in assessing and managing malnutrition, particularly after screening patients who are at high risk. Although current recommendations address gaps in clinical practice related to nutrition support, minor differences remain across guidelines due to geographical variations among these societies. A unified approach to implementing nutrition support therapy from admission to discharge, with a clear pathway and the involvement of competent healthcare providers, is needed in all healthcare settings. Furthermore, more in-depth systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and consensus statements that integrate guidelines from all societies are required. Such efforts would better support healthcare providers in aligning clinical practices with the highest standards of care.
Feasibility of Intensive Chemotherapy in Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Valentina Carrai , Cristina Giubbilei , Manuel Ciceri , Simona D’Angelo , Luca Nassi , Benedetta Sordi , Alessandro Maria Vannucchi , Benedetta Puccini
Published: February 2025

Background: This study presents a young man with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) who underwent intensive chemotherapy for newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and achieved complete remission. This case challenges the idea of HS as a barrier to standard DLBCL treatment. Discussion: By meticulously monitoring blood counts and providing timely transfusions, the team successfully mitigated potential complications associated with chemotherapy-induced stress on red blood cells. Conclusions: This experience underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and tailored treatment plans for patients with co-existing conditions, suggesting that HS should not automatically disqualify them from potentially curative therapies for aggressive lymphomas.
Osmolyte Regulation as an Avocado Crop Management Strategy for Improving Productivity Under High Temperatures
Authors: San Bautista Alberto , Agenjos-Moreno Alba , Martínez Ana , Escudero Ana Isabel , Arizo-García Patricia , Simeón Rubén , Meyer Christian , Kadyampakeni Davie M.
Published: February 2025

Climate change worsens abiotic stresses, primarily due to high temperatures, which have a negative impact on avocado productivity, leading to reduced crop yields, affecting fruit set and abscission. To tackle these challenges, antioxidants such as glycine, choline, and proline can enhance plant tolerance to these stressors and minimize plant cell damage. This work aimed to use these antioxidants to improve avocado commercial yield and quality under challenging environmental conditions. This study was conducted at the experimental farm of the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain, to evaluate the effects of glycine, choline, and proline on ‘Hass’ Persea americana plants. The research took place during the 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 seasons in a 2.0 ha orchard, using a randomized design with two treatments: one with antioxidants and the other without. Substances were applied at specific phenological phases, as the BBCH code indicated. Tree growth parameters, including trunk diameter, height, crown diameter, and tree canopy volume, were measured using geometric formulas. Leaf samples were collected to analyze the nutrient concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn using atomic emission spectrometry. Marketable fruit yield and quality parameters such as fat, fiber, and protein content were evaluated using the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) methods. The results showed that antioxidants did not significantly affect tree growth but altered leaf mineral nutrient composition. N and P concentrations were reduced, while K and Ca concentrations were increased. Mn and Zn levels were higher in the treated plants, whereas Cu levels were higher in the control plants. Productivity significantly improved, with a 49% increase in fruit yield, larger fruit size, and a 7% increase in fat content, though fiber and protein remained unchanged. These results show the selective benefits of antioxidants in optimizing avocado yield and quality under stress.
Effects of Meteorological Factors and Frost Injury on Flowering Stage of Apples and Pears Across Regions at Varying Altitudes
Authors: Choi Young-Min , Kim Sang-Baek , Choi Dong-Geun , Kim Seung-Heui , Song Ju-Hee
Published: February 2025

Recent meteorological variability in winter and spring complicates predicting and managing frost damage in apples and pears. This study investigated the relationship between frost injury during the flowering stages of apples (‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’) and pears (‘Wonwhang’ and ‘Niitaka’) and weather conditions across regions at varying altitudes. Orchards were categorized into coastal, inland, mid-mountainous, and mountainous regions, and flowering stages and frost injury were analyzed. The flowering period of apples, from the onset of blooming to full bloom, averaged approximately 15 days, which was about 3 to 5 times longer than that of pears. Furthermore, the total flowering duration of apples was 1.5 to 2.0 times longer than that of pears. Additionally, flowering exhibited a tendency to be delayed at higher altitudes. However, orchards situated in mid-mountainous regions experienced earlier flowering compared to those in other regions. Among the two apple cultivars, the average frost damage was more severe in central flowers than in lateral flowers and was relatively higher in ‘Fuji’ than in ‘Hongro’. In pears, frost damage was most prevalent in the first to fourth flowers within the inflorescence, with ‘Wonhwang’ exhibiting relatively greater susceptibility than ‘Niitaka’. Across different cultivation regions, severe frost damage was observed in orchards located in mid-mountainous areas for both fruit species and cultivars. The severity of frost damage followed the order mid-mountainous, mountainous, plain, and coastal regions. Minimum temperatures were lowest in mid-mountainous and mountainous regions, while daily temperature differences were largest in mid-mountainous regions. Meteorological analysis (1981 to 2022) revealed consistent trends, with an increase in daily temperature range in recent years. These findings highlight the vulnerability of mid-mountainous orchards due to flowering stages overlapping with coastal and plain regions, exposing them to lower temperatures and larger temperature differences. Further studies on temperature variability are essential to mitigate frost damage risks.
Hydrologic Decision Support in the Nile Basin: Creating Status Products from the GEOGLOWS Hydrologic Model
Authors: Magoffin Rachel Huber , Hales Riley C. , Nelson E. James , Wara Calvince , Williams Gustavious P. , South Andrew , Challa Zeleke K.
Published: February 2025

Effective decision-making in water resource management requires timely and reliable streamflow information. This study demonstrates how the GEOGLOWS Hydrologic Model, River Forecast System (RFS), can generate actionable hydrologic status products, focusing on a case study in the Nile River Basin. Through collaboration with stakeholders at the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), we identify key information needs and apply standardized low flow calculations, including the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) and the 95th percentile (Q95) threshold, to assess stream conditions. Additionally, we apply the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Hydrologic Status and Outlook System (HydroSOS) method for streams and generate the associated HydroSOS-styled graphs and maps. We present the hydrologic status products in a customized web application for stakeholders in the Nile Basin. We discuss how RFS can be applied globally to provide hydrologic information.
A Single Bout of Physical Exercise Mimicking a Motor Seizure Increases Serum MMP-9, but Not S100B
Authors: Sielczak Jan Karol , Krawczyk Maciej , Cudna Agnieszka , Kurkowska-Jastrzębska Iwona
Published: February 2025

MMP-9 and S100B, the proteins involved in blood-brain barrier integrity, are widely studied as biomarkers in many diseases, including epilepsy. They are elevated in epilepsy patients both interictally and following motor seizures. To determine whether motor activity influences their serum concentrations, we investigated the effects of brief, seizure-like physical exercise on serum MMP-9 and S100B levels in healthy individuals. Participants performed two different 5-min exercise protocols mimicking the motor activity of bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, one of the sets of exercises that contribute to to muscle failure. Serum samples were collected before exercise, 3 h after exercise, and the next day (time points 0, 3 h, and 24 h). Our results demonstrated that both sets of motor exercises led to a similar increase in MMP-9 levels, while neither affected S100B levels. No significant differences in MMP-9 levels were observed due to muscle failure. We suggest that the increase in MMP-9 seen after seizures is induced partially by peripheral mechanisms, such as muscle contraction. S100B appears to be a promising biomarker in epilepsy, as it is not induced by physical activity but does increase following seizures. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying biomarker release in epilepsy and to determine the specific contributions of muscle contractions versus other seizure-related processes.
The Hidden Power of the Secretome: Therapeutic Potential on Wound Healing and Cell-Free Regenerative Medicine—A Systematic Review
Authors: Prado-Yupanqui Jhon W. , Ramírez-Orrego Lourdes , Cortez Denny , Vera-Ponce Victor Juan , Chenet Stella M. , Tejedo Juan R. , Tapia-Limonchi Rafael
Published: February 2025

Various types of wounds represent a persistent healthcare burden that demands innovative and effective therapeutic solutions. Innovative approaches have emerged that focus on skin regeneration with minimal side effects. One such method is cell-free therapy that utilizes the secretome of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a promising alternative to traditional cell-based therapies, leveraging a complex mixture of bioactive molecules, including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, to accelerate tissue regeneration. This systematic review synthesizes the findings of 35 studies evaluating the impact of hMSC-derived secretomes on wound healing, with a focus on their regenerative, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic effects. The influence of MSC sources (adipose tissue, bone marrow, umbilical cord) and culture conditions on secretome composition and efficacy in the cutaneous wound healing process is examined, highlighting their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. This review also explores emerging preclinical and clinical applications, highlighting promising results, such as enhanced fibroblast proliferation, reduced inflammation, and improved extracellular matrix remodeling. In addition, advances in secretome-based biomaterials, including hydrogels and scaffolds, which optimize therapeutic delivery and efficacy are discussed. Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of secretomes, challenges remain regarding standardization, large-scale production, and clinical validation. This review highlights the potential of MSC-derived secretomes as a next-generation cell-free approach for wound healing and regenerative medicine.
Spatial Gene Expression of Human Coronary Arteries Revealed the Molecular Features of Diffuse Intimal Thickening in Explanted Hearts
Authors: Li Boaz , Leung Samuel , Elishaev Maria , Cheng Wan Hei , Mocci Giuseppe , Björkegren Johan L. M. , Lai Chi , Singh Amrit , Wang Ying
Published: February 2025

Diffuse intimal thickening (DIT) is a pre-clinical stage of atherosclerosis characterized by thickened intima. The molecular basis of its susceptibility to atherogenesis is unknown, and mechanistic investigations cannot be performed in commonly used mouse models, in which DIT does not exist. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the predominant cell type that occupies the intima and media of DIT. The molecular differences between these two layers may reveal the earliest phenotypic changes in SMCs to promote atherosclerosis. We benchmarked the RNA quality of human coronary arteries from autopsies (n = 7) and explanted hearts (n = 7) and performed Visium spatial gene expression on tissue sections with DIT. Although autopsy samples met the RNA quality standard for Visium (DV200 ≥ 30%), only arteries from explanted hearts exhibited reliable sequencing performance. Genes enriched in TGF-β-mediated remodeling of the extracellular matrix were overrepresented in the intima. SMCs enriched in the intima are dedifferentiated, but unlike those in the atherosclerotic lesions, they are not pro-inflammatory. Our findings indicate that autopsy samples are not ideal to distinguish subtle differences among cell phenotypes. SMCs in thickened intima may lead to lipid retention but not necessarily the onset of atherosclerosis.
Fine Mapping and Candidate Genes Analysis for Regulatory Gene of Anthocyanin Synthesis in the Corolla, Shedding Light on Wild Potato Evolution
Authors: Zhang Zewei , Li Hongjun , Zhang Lingkui , Duan Shaoguang , Li Guangcun , Duan Yanfeng
Published: February 2025

Petota includes more than 100 species (wild and cultivated), presenting a rich variety of corolla colors and associated traits. This variability provides important opportunities for investigating the differentiation of orthologous genes’ functions and their evolutionary pathways. However, the genetic underpinnings of this diversity in corolla colors are still to be further explored. In our previous study, a locus responsible for corolla color in potato was mapped to a 740 kb region on chromosome 10, which contains the AN2 gene previously identified as a regulation gene for corolla color. In the present study, this locus was further refined to a 380 kb interval through recombinant analysis. Targeted analysis of anthocyanidins and carotenoids revealed that purple corollas exhibit significantly higher levels of petunidin and delphinidin, while showing significantly lower levels of lutein and β-carotene compared to yellow corollas. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that StMYB180, rather than AN2, is the candidate gene responsible for regulating coloration, specifically on the abaxial side of the corolla in potato. Expression analysis revealed that StMYB180 is exclusively highly expressed in corolla and leaf tissues, with purple coloration on the abaxial side of both corollas and leaves. Phylogenetic analysis further suggests that corolla color-regulatory genes may be closely tied to the origin and evolutionary trajectory of potato species. This study provides valuable insights into the regulation of tissue-specific expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato and lays the groundwork for understanding the evolution of orthologous genes in the Petota section.
Self-Guided Molecular Simulation to Enhance Concerted Motion
Authors: Wu Xiongwu , Brooks Bernard R.
Published: February 2025

Self-guided (SG) molecular simulation methods, namely self-guided molecular dynamics (SGMD) and self-guided Langevin dynamics (SGLD), enhance conformational search by promoting low-frequency motion. A simple local time averaging scheme is used to extract low-frequency properties with little overhead in computing costs. For molecular processes to form ordered structures like ligand binding and protein folding, it is believed that concerted motions play crucial roles. To enhance the concerted motion in molecular systems, we propose a spatial averaging scheme to extract the concerted motion of a local region. Applying guiding forces based on spatial averaging, self-guided molecular simulations can enhance concerted motion and reach ordered structures more efficiently. Through simulations of amyloid fibril peptides, we demonstrated that the spatial averaging in self-guided Langevin dynamics results in accelerated β-sheet formation.