bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study of Calcium Oxide from Cockle Shell Used as a Low-Cost Catalyzer for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Nuamsrinuan Nisakorn , Limsuwan Pichet , Naemchanthara Kittisakchai
Published: March 2018

In this paper, the cockle shell was studied as a catalyzer for biodiesel production. The cockle shell was heated at the various temperatures from 200 to 1300 °C for 4 h in the furnace. Then, the crystal structure and function group of unheated and heated cockle shell were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The results indicated that the initial phase of cockle shell is aragonite phase. After heat at 400 °C, the aragonite phase transformed to calcite phase. Moreover, the calcite phase of cockle shell was completely changed to calcium oxide (CaO) after heated at 800 °C. Eventually, the yield of biodiesel used the CaO derived from cockle shell were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The results show that the CaO derived from cockle shell can be used as a catalyzer of biodiesel preparation. However, the biodiesel used CaO from cockle shell after heated at 1100 to 1300 °C as a catalyzer have the higher yield than other heated temperature. Finally, the results of this research indicated that the CaO from cockle shell could be used as a catalyst for biodiesel production.
Effect of Banana Fibers on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Light Weight Concrete Blocks
Authors: Deelaman Woranuch , Chaochanchaikul Kantima , Tungsudjawong Kitiyot
Published: March 2018

This work was to investigate the mechanical and physical properties of light weight block with addition of banana fiber. The formulation series of concrete block were divided into two groups: banana fiber for replacing cement and sand, respectively. Banana fibers were varied from 0.0 to 7.5 %wt. and were evaluated by compressive testing, density and water absorption and changing length at water immersion of 28 days. Optimum formulation of concrete adding banana fiber is ratio of sand: cement: lime: gypsum: aluminum powder: banana fibers: 50: 27.5: 9: 9: 2: 2.5, respectively. The increase of water absorption and changing length were found with increase of fiber content whereas the density decreased. However, the mechanical and physical properties of banana fiber/concrete block were subject to standard according to Thai Industrial Standard 1505-2541. From this study, it indicates that banana fiber can be used as an alternative precursor material for producing the light weight and cost effectiveness block.
Designing of Universal WGM Biosensor from Micro Ring Resonator
Authors: Sripakdee Chatchawal , Sarapat Napatasakon
Published: March 2018

The WGM biosensor using a nonlinear silica micro ring resonator coating by nano gold layer is designed and examined. The simulation results of Gaussian laser pulses propagating in the symmetry waveguide shows good behavior of the existence of whispering gallery mode outside the surface of the ring resonators coating by a very thin nano gold layer to trap biomolecules with the plasmonic interaction. The output shifted signals from the designed sensor have an accuracy to characterize types of the specific biomolecules as well.
The Grain Structure of Nd Doped Y2NiMnO6 Ceramics Sintered at High Temperature
Authors: Albutt Naphat , Pechprasarn Suejit , Sawekwiharee Sangwoei , Kuttiyawong Anchana , Thonglor Panakamon , Sareein Thanapong
Published: March 2018

The granular structure of ceramic material influences the electrical properties. Ceramics of YMNO (Y2NiMnO6) doped with Nd were produced by compression and sintering. Grain size was determined from SEM image analysis. Generally, As the Nd dopant concentration was increased, the grain size increased with sintering time. However, at the highest dopant levels of 30% and 20% Nd, a large range in grain size was observed with regions of defective growth. In contrast, a more uniform grain growth was seen for the 10% Nd doped ceramic at all sintering times.
Implementation of Variable Speed Drive for Oil-Pump System
Authors: Phanthuna Nattapong , Thongkeaw Somkieat
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a study of efficiency improvement in the oil pipeline system. Instead of using only control valve, the original system of two oil pumps which have rating of 1,850 kW each is redesigned by using variable speed drive (VSD) technology together with the control valve. This proposed installation method of VSD will be performed to adjust and open the control valve fully at 100%. Furthermore, the frequency control method of the VSD also depends on types of oil. In the efficiency analysis of the oil pipeline system, four types of oil that is JET A1, Disel, B91, and B95 having different density coefficient will be used respectively. The new and the original data acquisition of relationships between transported oil quantity of each type per period and consumed power are compared. From the sequent results, it can be confirmed that this proposed method used to the practical analysis in accordance with Affinity Law can be applied to not only improve the efficiency and also save cost of the power consumption up to 42.96%.
Improvement the Largest Lyapunov Exponent for Measurement the Northeast Monsoon Prediction
Authors: Saiuparad Sunisa
Published: March 2018

Thailand is an agricultural country. So that, the water resources are important. The water management is very important for keep the water used in necessary time. The monsoon is causes a heavy rain. So that, the monsoon prediction by the global climate model is important. The accuracy of the forecasts by the predictability measurement method is very important. In this research, the northeast monsoon prediction in Thailand by the global climate model. The data from The Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), University of Bergen, Norway. The global climate model is Bergen Climate Model (BCM) Version 2.0 (BCCR-BCM2.0) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) are used. The largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) is the predictability measurement method for verify the efficiency of the global climate model and improvement the LLE by limit theorems. The result to show that the improvement the LLE by limit theorems can be measure the accuracy of the northeast monsoon prediction in Thailand by the global climate model are suitable.
Indoor Rainbow Model: An Apparatus for Observing Spectrum in Classroom
Authors: Choegyal Sonam , Precharattana Monamorn
Published: March 2018

The beautiful colors of the rainbow have always fascinated humans and especially children are inspired to various artworks such as drawing, canvas painting, poster, wall decals and so on. Since refraction and reflection of light cannot be seen taking place in raindrop during rainbow formation, children are unaware of all these details. Although throughout the year past, there are many literatures on theoretical and mathematical aspects of rainbow formation, however there are very few studies in education context to teach about this phenomenon to the children in particular by observing and measuring. Therefore, in this paper we are proposing a model that can be used for hands-on learning with high school students about the formation of spectrum in glass sphere. With the help of the model students can see the angle at which different color lights are deviated by the glass sphere and finally, students can also relate the concept learnt from this lesson to real life phenomenon about spectrum formation by rain drop.
Seesaw Balancing: A Hands-On Model to Understand Moment of Force in Classroom
Authors: Kitrungloadjanaporn Pongpatai , Phothong Atcharaphan , Precharattana Monamorn
Published: March 2018

Teaching of science is an endeavor to translate abstract scientific concepts into the concrete ones which can be accessed by students. Among others, one practical method is the use of a hands-on model that allows students to manipulate materials and examine targeted phenomena. In this study, a hands-on model called “seesaw balancing” was proposed to demonstrating effects of “moment of force” in a classroom. By using the seesaw balancing as the main part of a structured inquiry activity, a single group pretest-posttest research design was employed in this study. With the purposive sampling technique, 50 grade 9th students who have never experienced in topic of moment of force participated in the study. The paired-sample t-test indicated a significant enhancement of students’ conceptual understanding after the treatment of structured inquiry laboratory at .05 significant level. Moreover, attitude questionnaire reveals the students have positive view towards the hands-on model as they perceived the model is interesting, suitable with the level of the students, help them to do self-learning, and safe to handle, respectively.
Development of Computer-Assisted Instruction Lesson on Immune System Organs and Immune System Diseases
Authors: Precharattana Monamorn
Published: March 2018

Recent advances in computer technology have led to the creation and development of computer-assisted instruction (CAI), which are rapidly assuming a prominent role in many fields of education. The development process includes analyzing lesson and users, designing computing lesson and assessment techniques, constructing computing lesson and assessment tools, and evaluating the lesson through users feedback. In this work, we aim to (i) Develop computer-assisted instruction of immune system organs and immune system diseases, and (ii) Examine efficiency of the developed CAI. A total of 142 secondary school students was involved in the study. Pretest-Posttest and Satisfaction questionnaire for the students towards the CAI were used as research instruments. The quantitative data was analyzed by t-test, and the qualitative data was analyzed by content analysis. The paired-sample t-test indicated a significant enhancement of students’ understanding after the using of developed instruction at .05 significant level. Moreover, the students were very satisfied with the developed CAI.
The Helper and Guide System for Cooperative Education via Web Application
Authors: Singhatham Papatsorn , Panya Niphaporn , Chaitep Chompoonut , Kaewlai Rinwadee
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research is to develop a web application for Cooperative Education. The solutions are to help, guides and gives information for a decision before employability in a Cooperative Education project. The system function helps the student to search an establishment by various criteria, such as area, comfort, welfare, and career or open position, etc. In the testing process, the researchers transferred the Cooperative Education training data to the web database. The data recorded was historical data for 6 academic years, since 2010-2016. In addition, the system allows teachers and students to access, comment and rate their satisfaction. Tools used for data storage and user interface web design was Joomla technology. The database was developed with PHP and handle the administration of MySQL by phpMyAdmin. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of web application for the helper and guide system. A survey was conducted on third-year Cooperative Education students with 30 participants. In addition, we invited the specialist who has the experience in the Cooperative Education to evaluate the web application content and performance. The result shows that this system works properly within the defined scope. The satisfaction result was high (4.20). In summary, the system can work effectively.
Conductivity Modification of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Thurakitseree Theerapol , Leenakul Wilaiwan
Published: March 2018

The combination of carbon materials and polymer has been well studied according to their compatable mixture in polymer with promising properties. Due to their excellent electrical and thermal properties for some types of carbons such as carbon nanotubes and graphite, they have been selected as component for nanocomposites. Here, capability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphite for nanocomposites were demonstrated. Nanotubes were functionalized by chemical process, and added into polyvinyl chloride (PVA) matrix. They were then used as main filler to modify thermal and electrical conductivities. Conductivities of different composite mixtures were finally investigated. With the use of low total amount of carbon materials, it was found that although there is no significant change in electrical and thermal conductivities, the highest conductivities could be obtained from MWNT to graphite ratio of 1:1 in PVA matrix, while the G-band mode does not give a rise to electron transfer.
Improve the Electrical Properties of the ITO-PET Polymer by Plasma Technique
Authors: Janpong Keratiya , Suanpoot Pradoong
Published: March 2018

At present the applications of the conductive polymer are monitor, batteries and the sensors but there have been limitations due to the manufacturing costs, material inconsistencies, toxicity, poor solubility in solvents, and inability to directly melt process. Regarding these problems, in this research to studies the condition to enhance the conductive polymer were conducted via the carbon dioxide plasma technique coated on ITO-PET. The plasma power is 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 watts in the vacuum conditions for periods 10, 20 and 30 mins respectively. The electrical properties were measured via the 4 point probe. The contact angle for analyzing the hydrophobic was analyzed. The result demonstrated that the power of the plasma and the time has influence on the conductive polymer. With the time for doping at 20 mins the current increased compare to the control item. However, with the time doping at 10 and 30 mins the current decreased. The maximum current at 10 mins doping is 22 mA at the 7 volts in the conduction of 75 watts plasma power. The contact angle of the ITO-PET polymer decrease from 110 degree to 44-95 degree. Henceforth when using the carbon dioxide plasma the phenomenal of hydrophilic increases.
A High Potential in Activating Beneficial Indigenous Microbes Involving in the Meat Fermentation Process
Authors: Nicomrat Duongruitai , Chamutpong Siriphatr
Published: March 2018

It has been long known for the beneficial activity of meat LAB starters in prevention of the growth of spoilage bacteria. However, the bacteria can also produce favorable conditions for the growth of other beneficial microorganisms as well as eliminate the risk of bacterial growth and prevent meat spoilage. In this study, the LAB starters after isolated from commercial fermented pork were inoculated into the meat in the traditional meat fermentation process. It showed that the bacteria could be lowering pH of the fermentation to 5.2. The results revealed that LAB starters could inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth of L. monocytogenes within 3 days as well as lowering pH thus inducing the numbers of LAB as higher activity of sugar utilization and producing lactic acid. Therefore, all these data can indicate the benefits of LAB on the indigenous beneficial species in meat fermentation process.
The Shape and Size Effect of the Diatom Frustule Addition on the Compression Behavior of an Epoxy
Authors: Zeren Doğuş , Kesici Kutsal , Sukatar Atakan , Güden Mustafa
Published: March 2018

The effects of the Achnanthes taeniata and the diatomaceous earth (diatomite) frustules addition on the compressive strength of an epoxy matrix were investigated experimentally. The Achnanthes taeniata frustules having relatively high length/diameter aspect ratio (2-4) were isolated and cultured in laboratory. While the as-received commercial natural diatomite frustules were non-homogenous in shape and size. The filling epoxy matrix with ~6 wt% of commercial natural diatomite increased the compressive strength from 60 MPa to 67 MPa, while the Achnanthes taeniata frustules addition increased to 79 MPa. The increased compressive strength and modulus of the the Achnanthes taeniata frustules filled epoxy was attributed to the higher aspect ratio and relatively strong bonding with the epoxy matrix. The more effective load transfer from the matrix to the Achnanthes taeniata frustules associated with the enhanced interface bonding was also proved microscopically. The frustules were observed to pull-out on the fracture surface of the Achnanthes taeniata frustules filled epoxy.
Desalination of Brackish Water/Seawater via Selective Separation
Authors: Kouli Maria Elisavet , Ferraro Angelo , Tselou Panagiota , Hristoforou Evangelos
Published: March 2018

Desalination can be carried out in water to remove any salt. The process takes place after tertiary treatment of municipal and industrial waste water as a final treatment before discharge to the recipient. The desalination of seawater using Reverse Osmosis (R.O.) technique is now a tried and proven technology that can provide high-quality water supply. The resulting from R.O. water is not suitable for drinking. The method proposed in this paper is selected desalination via zeolitic micro-particles. The method exhibits some significant advantages such as the easy recovery and reuse of powders (with negligible losses during the release process of trapped ions in liquid solution), the selective removal of ions and the ability of producing directly potable water without the need for further enrichment.
Efficient and Accurate Electromagnetic Analysis of Three-Dimensional Nano-Optical Structures
Authors: Yazar Şirin , Sür Cem Gürkan , Solak Birol , Eroğlu Ömer , Altınoklu Aşkın , Güler Sadri , Gür Uğur Meriç , Karaosmanoğlu Barışcan , Ergül Özgür
Published: March 2018

We present computational analysis of optical nanostructures, including but not limited to frequency-selective surfaces, metamaterials, nanoantennas, nanowires, and photonic crystals. A rigorous implementation based on surface integral equations and the multilevel fast multipole algorithm is developed for the analysis of such three-dimensional complex structures, without resorting to infinity, self-similarity, periodicity or homogeneity assumptions. The developed simulation environment provides accurate analysis of nanooptical structures to expand our knowledge on these important components of the state-of-the-art technology.
Fabrication of Polymer Nanofiber-Conducting Polymer Fabric and Noncontact Motion Sensing Platform
Authors: Mutlu Mustafa Umut , Akin Osman , Demir Mustafa M. , Yildiz Ümit Hakan
Published: March 2018

Conductive polymer-electrospun polymer nanofiber network was combined to host iron oxide nanoparticles providing micrometer thick sensing interface. The sensor has fabricated as free-standing fabric exhibiting 10 to 100 KOhm base resistivity upon bias applied. The moving object has been sensed through the electrostatic interactions between fibers and object. The sensing range has been found to be 1-5 cm above the surface of fabric. By the controlled combination of conductive polymers electrospun polymer nanofibers effective device miniaturization has been provided without loss of performance. The noncontact motion sensor platform has unique flexibility and light weight holding a potential for wearable sensor technology.
Utilization of Near IR Absorbing Gold Nanocolloids by Green Synthesis
Authors: Elveren Beste , Yildiz Ümit Hakan , Arslan Yildiz Ahu
Published: March 2018

The rapid developments in nanoscience, and its applications on biomedical areas have a large impact on drug delivery, tissue engineering, sensing, and diagnosis. Gold is widely investigated nanomaterial for the last couple of decades, since it has unique surface properties and very low toxicity to biological environment. In this work, we present a novel synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) exhibiting both visible and near-IR absorbance without agglomeration. The surface of GNPs were analyzed by routine methods and the binding kinetics were investigated by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Spectroscopy. The unique optical properties of near-IR asorbing GNP colloids hold promise for biological applications.
Effect of Heating Time on the Structural Properties of Cadmium Telluride Nanoparticles Prepared by Aqueous Solution Method with Organic Stabilizing Agent
Authors: Ahmed Sudad S. , Ibrahim Rawa K. , Aadim Kadhim A. , Naje Asama N. , Adnan Omar A. , Suhail Abdullah M.
Published: March 2018

In this work, the preparation of cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles by aqueous solution method is presented. The preparation process was performed in the presence of an acidic agent (L-cys) at certain pH value. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the prepared samples showed that poly crystalline structure with lowest particle size can be produced by controlling the period of heating process after the preparation step. Accordingly, this parameter can be used carefully to control the surface roughness of nanoscale CdTe samples to serve certain applications requiring some determined values of particle size and surface roughness.
Advanced Manufacturing under Shock
Authors: Mamalis Athanasios G.
Published: March 2018

Some recent trends and developments in advanced manufacturing of advanced materials from macro-to nanoscale subjected to shock loading, i.e. the up-to-date very important engineering area from industrial, research and academic points of view, with industrial applications to net-shape manufacturing, bioengineering, energy and safety, an outcome of the very extensive, over 40 years, work on this field performed by the author and his research international team, are briefly outlined.
HTSC Synchronous Condenser for Wind Power Plant
Authors: Chubraeva Lidia , Timofeev Sergey
Published: March 2018

The presentation shows the advantages of superconductive synchronous condensers (SC), results of experimental investigation of 50 kVA HTSC alternator in a synchronous condenser mode and new developments of SC rated at 5 MVA intended for HTSC wind power plant to support its connection to a weak grid.
Building Factor Evaluation of the Stator Core Made of Ultrathin Electrical Steel Sheet for the High-Speed Motor
Authors: Oka Mohachiro , Enokizono Masato , Mori Yuji , Yamazaki Kazumasa
Published: March 2018

We are developing a low-loss stator core for high-speed and small-size motors using an ultrathin electrical steel sheet. This stator core for a high-speed motor was produced using a 0.08mm-thick ultrathin electrical steel sheet. Additionally, in order to evaluate the iron loss of the high-speed motor stator core, we constructed a high-speed building factor evaluation system. This evaluation system is composed of high-speed A/D converters, a D/A converter, and a high-speed power amplifier. TheB-Hcurve and the iron loss of the high-speed motor stator core (0.08mm_Core), which was made of the 0.08mm-thick ultrathin electrical steel sheet, were measured using the outer excitation method and the high-speed building factor evaluation system. The iron loss of the 0.08mm_Core was about 66% of the iron loss of the ordinary-speed motor stator core (the 0.35mm_Core) which was made of a 0.35mm-thick electrical steel sheet. Each iron loss in two kinds of cores was measured using the outer excitation method at the excitation frequency (fex) 1000Hz and the maximum excitation magnetic flux density (Bexmax) 1.0T. From experimental results, the iron loss of the 0.08mm_Core in the high frequency excitation was very small.
Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Diatomite-Leaf-Like CuO Nanosheet Composites
Authors: Boran Filiz
Published: March 2018

In this work, firstly we described the effect of freeze drying on modification of raw diatomite. And then, modified diatomite-leaf-like copper oxide (CuO) nanosheet composite was successfully prepared by surfactant-free in-situ chemical precipitation method. The structure, morphology and elemental analysis of CuO nanosheets and its composite were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Dimensions of leaf-like CuO nanosheets were approximately determined as 160 nm in width, 320 nm in length and 20 nm in thickness. According to the EDAX spectrum, leaf-like CuO nanosheets composed of Cu and O atoms without any impurity and also uniformly covered the entire surface of modified diatomite.
Size Controllable Synthesis and Characterization of CuO Nanostructure
Authors: Candemir Duygu , Boran Filiz
Published: March 2018

In this study, copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures were successfully prepared by adding EG (ethylene glycol) and PEG (4000, 8000) (polyethylene glycol) via an in-situ chemical precipitation method. EG and PEG (4000, 8000) were effective for changing the particular size of CuO and we examined the effects of drying type such as freeze drying, muffle and horizontal furnace on the size of CuO nanostructure. The structure, morphology and elemental analysis of CuO nanostructure were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Also, the CuO nanostructures showed excellent electrical conductivity by the changing of PEG’s molecular weight and drying processes.
Natural enemies ofAnthonomus eugenii(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canada
Authors: Labbé R.M. , Hilker R. , Gagnier D. , McCreary C. , Gibson G.A.P. , Fernández-Triana J. , Mason P.G. , Gariepy T.D.
Published: March 2018

The pepper weevil,Anthonomus eugeniiCano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most important pest of pepper (CapsicumLinnaeus; Solanaceae) crops in North America. Native to Mexico, the southern United States of America, and Central America, it is intercepted in Canada when peppers are imported to supplement domestic production. Given the proximity of greenhouse and field production to packing facilities, this pest poses a serious risk to the cultivation of peppers in Canada. Once established, it is difficult to control because immature stages of the weevil are protected within the pepper fruit. As such, chemical control targeting these life stages is not effective, and other strategies, including biological control, may prove useful. To explore the potential for biological control options to manage the pepper weevil in areas at risk in Canada, natural enemy surveys were conducted in southern Ontario following the reports of transient, localised field populations in 2016. Parasitoids belonging to three Hymenoptera families including Pteromalidae (Jaliscoa hunteriCrawford,Pteromalus anthonomiAshmead), Eupelmidae (Eupelmus pulchricepsCameron), and Braconidae (NealiolusMason species,BraconFabricius species) were reared from infested field-collected pepper fruits. Together, these new natural enemy records could facilitate the exploration and development of novel agents for the biological control of the pepper weevil.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Enhances Antibody Production by Inducing the Expression of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Protein
Authors: Hatayama Takahiro , Segawa Ryosuke , Mizuno Natsumi , Eguchi Sumiko , Akamatsu Hiroshi , Fukuda Misaki , Nakata Fumihisa , Leonard Warren J. , Hiratsuka Masahiro , Hirasawa Noriyasu
Published: March 2018

Many classical vaccines contain whole pathogens and, thus, may occasionally induce adverse effects, such as inflammation. Vaccines containing purified rAgs resolved this problem, but, owing to their low antigenicity, they require adjuvants. Recently, the use of several cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), has been proposed for this purpose. However, it is difficult to use cytokines as vaccine adjuvants in clinical practice. In this study, we examined the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on TSLP production and Ag-induced Ab production. Application of atRA onto the ear lobes of mice selectively induced TSLP production without inducing apparent inflammation. The effects appeared to be regulated via retinoic acid receptors γ and α. Treatment with atRA was observed to enhance OVA-induced specific Ab production; however, this effect was completely absent in TSLP receptor–knockout mice. An enhancement in Ab production was also observed when recombinant hemagglutinin was used as the Ag. In conclusion, atRA was an effective adjuvant through induction of TSLP production. Therefore, we propose that TSLP-inducing low m.w. compounds, such as atRA, may serve as effective adjuvants for next-generation vaccines.
Elementos sobre a representação da vida cotidiana no cinema
Authors: Lessa Rodrigo Oliveira
Published: March 2018

O presente estudo procura levantar questões sobre a representação social do cinema a partir a) da sua imanência com a vida cotidiana e
b) da influência do caráter econômico sobre o desenvolvimento estético desta forma de expressão artística em função das circunstâncias
técnicas, estéticas e ideológicas que envolvem o modo de produção capitalista.
O desenho infantil como escuta sensível na pesquisa com crianças: inquietude, invenção e transgressão na elaboração do mundo
Authors: Goldberg Luciane , Frota Ana Maria Monte Coelho
Published: March 2018

O artigo nasceu das discussões geradas a partir do encontro dos poemas de Manoel de Barros com diversos olhares teóricos
sobre a infância. Buscando desconstruir a perspectiva de infância única e de crianças abstratas, dialogamos com estudiosos
como Heywood (2004), Kohan (2007), Cohn (2005), Sarmento (2001), Leite (2008), Ferreira (2008), Francischini Campos (2008, 2012), Gobbi (2002), Dermatini (2002), Corsaro (2009), Delgado e Müller (2008), Rocha (2008), Gouvea (2008), dentre outros. Discutimos acerca da necessidade da escuta da criança, compreendida como um sujeito de direitos, competente e cidadã. Privilegiamos o desenho infantil como via de acesso para uma pesquisa com as crianças e não sobre elas. Dividimos nossas reflexões em três momentos: um inicial, que abordará reflexões acerca das variadas leituras sobre criança e infância; um segundo, que tratará de questões metodológicas na pesquisa com crianças; e, por último, uma reflexão acerca da importância do desenho infantil como porta-voz do universo delas. Afirmamos que se torna necessário repensar a infância a partir de outros quadros de referência, propondo um resgate da autonomia das crianças através da apropriação dos seus discursos. Concluímos que a criança possui uma cultura própria, e que, portanto, a expressa por meio da linguagem e dos símbolos, se constituindo como um ser singular que busca seu espaço na sociedade.
Como a teoria das representações sociais pode contribuir para o debate sobre “públicos” no campo das relações públicas: apontamentos exploratórios
Authors: Dias Robson , Glerian Alessandra , Silva Luiza Mônica de Assis , Gomes Victor Márcio Laus Reis
Published: March 2018

A proposta deste artigo exploratório teórico é aproximar as discussões relativas à noção de públicos e à formação do pensamento social oriundas, respectivamente, das Relações Públicas e da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Esses conceitos das áreas de Comunicação e da Psicologia Social são importantes para a Comunicação Organizacional na medida em que criam referências e orientações para o planejamento, execução e avaliação de projetos e ações de relacionamento institucional. Portanto, para criar relações favoráveis e uma imagem positiva é preciso, primeiramente, entender como determinados grupos processam as informações e formam conceitos e opiniões sobre objetos e assuntos de relevância pública; a TRS dos processos de construção das representações pelos grupos sociais, levando em conta aspectos psicossociais fundamentais para a elaboração de imagens, atitudes, opinião e estereótipos. Essa discussão, centrada em dois campos, contribui significativamente para a reflexão sobres as relações comunicativas das organizações com seus públicos.
Silent Selling
Authors: Bell Judy , Ternus Kate
Published: March 2018

Capturing the direction and evolution of today's retail industry, Silent Selling: Best Practices and Effective Strategies in Visual Merchandising, 5th Edition, is a blend of practical and creative problem-solving activities to carry students well beyond the basics of visual merchandising. Readers gain an understanding of experts' recent discoveries and learn valuable techniques while being encouraged to think outside the box using Bell's "Look-Compare-Innovate" model.
Medical support for law enforcement-extended operations incidents
Authors: Levy, DO, MSc Matthew J. , Tang, MD Nelson
Published: March 2018

Objective: As the complexity and frequency of law enforcement-extended operations incidents continue to increase, so do the opportunities for adverse health and well-being impacts on the responding officers. These types of clinical encounters have not been well characterized nor have the medical response strategies which have been developed to effectively manage these encounters been well described. The purpose of this article is to provide a descriptive epidemiology of the clinical encounters reported during extended law enforcement operations, as well as to describe a best practices approach for their effective management.Design: This study retrospectively examined the clinical encounters of the Maryland State Police (MSP) Tactical Medical Unit (TMU) during law enforcement-extended operations incidents lasting 8 or more hours. In addition, a qualitative analysis was performed on clinical data collected by federal law enforcement agencies during their extended operations.Results: Forty-four percent of missions (455/1,047) supported by the MSP TMU lasted 8 or more hours. Twenty-six percent of these missions (117/455) resulted in at least one patient encounter. Nineteen percent of patient chief complaints (45/238) were related to heat illness/dehydration. Fifteen percent of encounters (36/238) were for musculoskeletal injury/pain. Eight percent of patients (19/238) had nonspecific sick call (minor illness) complaints. The next most common occurring complaints were cold-related injuries, headache, sinus congestion, and wound/laceration, each of which accounted for 7 percent of patients (16/238), respectively. Analysis of federal law enforcement agencies’ response to such events yielded similar clinical encounters.Conclusions: A wide range of health problems are reported by extended law enforcement operations personnel. Timely and effective treatment of these problems can help ensure that the broader operations mission is not compromised. An appropriate operational strategy for managing health complaints reported during extended operations involves the deployment of a well-trained medical support team using the core concepts of tactical emergency medical support.
The effect of short/branched chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase gene on triglyceride synthesis of bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Jiang Ping , Fang Xibi , Zhao Zhihui , Yu Xianzhong , Sun Boxing , Yu Haibin , Yang Runjun
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADSB) is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids. Our previous transcriptome analysis in dairy cattle showed that ACADSB was differentially expressed and was associated with milk fat metabolism. The aim of this study was to elucidate the background of this differential expression and to evaluate the role of ACADSB as a candidate for fat metabolism in dairy cattle. After analysis of ACADSB mRNA abundance by qRT-PCR and Western blot, overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) vectors of ACADSB gene were constructed and then transfected into bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) to examine the effects of ACADSB on milk fat synthesis. The results showed that the ACADSB was differentially expressed in mammary tissue of low and high milk fat dairy cattle. Overexpression of ACADSB gene could significantly increase the level of intracellular triglyceride (TG), while ACADSB gene knockdown could significantly reduce the TG synthesis in bMECs. This study suggested that the ACADSB was important in TG synthesis in bMECs, and it could be a candidate gene to regulate the metabolism of milk fat in dairy cattle.
Technical Note: Atmospheric CO2 inversions on the mesoscale using data-driven prior uncertainties: methodology and system evaluation
Authors: Kountouris Panagiotis , Gerbig Christoph , Rödenbeck Christian , Karstens Ute , Koch Thomas Frank , Heimann Martin
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric inversions are widely used in the optimization of surface carbon fluxes on a regional scale using information from atmospheric CO2 dry mole fractions. In many studies the prior flux uncertainty applied to the inversion schemes does not directly reflect the true flux uncertainties but is used to regularize the inverse problem. Here, we aim to implement an inversion scheme using the Jena inversion system and applying a prior flux error structure derived from a model–data residual analysis using high spatial and temporal resolution over a full year period in the European domain. We analyzed the performance of the inversion system with a synthetic experiment, in which the flux constraint is derived following the same residual analysis but applied to the model–model mismatch. The synthetic study showed a quite good agreement between posterior and true fluxes on European, country, annual and monthly scales. Posterior monthly and country-aggregated fluxes improved their correlation coefficient with the known truth by 7 % compared to the prior estimates when compared to the reference, with a mean correlation of 0.92. The ratio of the SD between the posterior and reference and between the prior and reference was also reduced by 33 % with a mean value of 1.15. We identified temporal and spatial scales on which the inversion system maximizes the derived information; monthly temporal scales at around 200 km spatial resolution seem to maximize the information gain.
Atmospheric CO2 inversions on the mesoscale using data-driven prior uncertainties: quantification of the European terrestrial CO2 fluxes
Authors: Kountouris Panagiotis , Gerbig Christoph , Rödenbeck Christian , Karstens Ute , Koch Thomas F. , Heimann Martin
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Optimized biogenic carbon fluxes for Europe were estimated from high-resolution regional-scale inversions, utilizing atmospheric CO2 measurements at 16 stations for the year 2007. Additional sensitivity tests with different data-driven error structures were performed. As the atmospheric network is rather sparse and consequently contains large spatial gaps, we use a priori biospheric fluxes to further constrain the inversions. The biospheric fluxes were simulated by the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM) at a resolution of 0.1° and optimized against eddy covariance data. Overall we estimate an a priori uncertainty of 0.54 GtC yr−1 related to the poor spatial representation between the biospheric model and the ecosystem sites. The sink estimated from the atmospheric inversions for the area of Europe (as represented in the model domain) ranges between 0.23 and 0.38 GtC yr−1 (0.39 and 0.71 GtC yr−1 up-scaled to geographical Europe). This is within the range of posterior flux uncertainty estimates of previous studies using ground-based observations.
Contrasting the co-variability of daytime cloud and precipitation over tropical land and ocean
Authors: Jin Daeho , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Lee Dongmin , Cho Nayeong , Tan Jackson
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The co-variability of cloud and precipitation in the extended
tropics (35∘ N–35∘ S) is investigated using
contemporaneous data sets for a 13-year period. The goal is to
quantify potential relationships between cloud type fractions and
precipitation events of particular strength. Particular attention is
paid to whether the relationships exhibit different characteristics
over tropical land and ocean. A primary analysis metric is the
correlation coefficient between fractions of individual cloud types
and frequencies within precipitation histogram bins that have been
matched in time and space. The cloud type fractions are derived from
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) joint
histograms of cloud top pressure and cloud optical thickness in
1∘ grid cells, and the precipitation frequencies come from
the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite
Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) data set aggregated to the same grid. It is found that the strongest coupling (positive correlation)
between clouds and precipitation occurs over ocean for cumulonimbus
clouds and the heaviest rainfall. While the same cloud type and
rainfall bin are also best correlated over land compared to other
combinations, the correlation magnitude is weaker than over
ocean. The difference is attributed to the greater size of
convective systems over ocean. It is also found that both over ocean
and land the anti-correlation of strong precipitation with “weak”
(i.e., thin and/or low) cloud types is of greater absolute strength
than positive correlations between weak cloud types and weak
precipitation. Cloud type co-occurrence relationships explain some
of the cloud–precipitation anti-correlations. Weak correlations
between weaker rainfall and clouds indicate poor predictability for
precipitation when cloud types are known, and this is even more true
over land than over ocean.
Establishing the Impact of Model Surfactants on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity of Sea Spray Aerosols
Authors: Forestieri Sara D. , Staudt Sean M. , Kuborn Thomas M. , Faber Katharine , Ruehl Christopher R. , Bertram Timothy H. , Cappa Christopher D.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Surface active compounds present in aerosols can increase their cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation efficiency by reducing the surface tension (σ) in the growing droplets. However, the importance of this effect is poorly constrained by measurements. Here we present estimates of droplet surface tension near the point of activation derived from direct measurement of droplet diameters using a continuous flow stream-wise thermal gradient chamber (CFSTGC). The experiments used sea spray aerosol mimics composed of NaCl coated by varying amounts of (i) oleic acid, palmitic acid or myristic acid, (ii) mixtures of palmitic acid and oleic acid, and (iii) oxidized oleic acid. Significant reductions in σ relative to that for pure water were observed for these mimics at relative humidity (RH) near activation (~ 99.9 %) when the coating was sufficiently thick. The calculated surface pressure (π = σH2O − σobserved) values for a given organic compound or mixture collapse onto one curve when plotted as a function of molecular area for different NaCl seed sizes and measured RH. The observed critical molecular area (A0) for oleic acid determined from droplet growth was similar to that from bulk experiments conducted in a Langmuir trough. However, the observations presented here suggest that oleic acid in microscopic droplets may exhibit larger π values during monolayer compression. For myristic acid, the observed A0 compared well to bulk experiments on a fresh subphase, for which dissolution has an important impact. A significant kinetic limitation to water uptake was observed for NaCl particles coated with pure palmitic acid, likely as a result of palmitic acid being able to form a solid film. However, for binary palmitic acid-oleic acid mixtures there was no evidence of a kinetic limitation to water uptake. Oxidation of oleic acid had a minor impact on the magnitude of the surface tension reductions observed, potentially leading to a slight reduction in the effect compared to pure oleic acid. A cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter was also used to assess the impact on critical supersaturations of the substantial σ reductions observed at very high RH. For the fatty acid-coated NaCl particles, when the organic fraction (εorg) was > 0.90 small depressions in critical supersaturation were observed. However, when εorg
Evaluation of linear regression techniques for atmospheric applications: the importance of appropriate weighting
Authors: Wu Cheng , Yu Jian Zhen
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Linear regression techniques are widely used in atmospheric science, but they are
often improperly applied due to lack of consideration or inappropriate
handling of measurement uncertainty. In this work, numerical experiments are
performed to evaluate the performance of five linear regression techniques,
significantly extending previous works by Chu and Saylor. The five techniques
are ordinary least squares (OLS), Deming regression (DR), orthogonal distance
regression (ODR), weighted ODR (WODR), and York regression (YR). We first
introduce a new data generation scheme that employs the Mersenne twister (MT)
pseudorandom number generator. The numerical simulations are also improved
by (a) refining the parameterization of nonlinear measurement
uncertainties, (b) inclusion of a linear measurement uncertainty, and (c) inclusion of WODR for comparison. Results show that DR, WODR and YR produce
an accurate slope, but the intercept by WODR and YR is overestimated and the
degree of bias is more pronounced with a low R2 XY dataset. The
importance of a properly weighting parameter λ in DR is investigated
by sensitivity tests, and it is found that an improper λ in DR can
lead to a bias in both the slope and intercept estimation. Because the
λ calculation depends on the actual form of the measurement error,
it is essential to determine the exact form of measurement error in the XY
data during the measurement stage. If a priori error in one of the variables
is unknown, or the measurement error described cannot be trusted, DR, WODR
and YR can provide the least biases in slope and intercept among all tested
regression techniques. For these reasons, DR, WODR and YR are recommended for
atmospheric studies when both X and Y data have measurement errors. An Igor
Pro-based program (Scatter Plot) was developed to facilitate the
implementation of error-in-variables regressions.
Technical Note: Rapid image-based field methods improve the quantification of termite mound structures and greenhouse-gas fluxes
Authors: Nauer Philipp A. , Chiri Eleonora , de Souza David , Hutley Lindsay B. , Arndt Stefan K.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Termite mounds (TMs) mediate biogeochemical processes with global relevance, such as turnover of the important greenhouse gas methane (CH4). However, the complex internal and external morphology of TMs impede an accurate quantitative description. We compare two novel field methods to quantify TM external and internal mound structure against established methods for 29 TMs of three termite species. Photogrammetry (PG) was used to measure epigeal volume (VE), surface area (AE) and mound basal area (AB) by reconstructing 3D models from digital photographs. To describe TM internal structure, we introduce TM macro- and micro-porosity (θM and θµ), the volume fractions of macroscopic chambers, and microscopic pores in the wall material, respectively. Macro-porosity was estimated using image analysis of single TM cross-sections, and compared against full x-ray tomography (CT) scans of 17 TMs. For these TMs we present complete pore fractions to assess species-specific differences in internal structure. The PG method yielded VE nearly identical to a water-displacement method, while the conventional approach of approximating TMs by simple geometric shapes led to errors of 4–200 %. Likewise, using PG substantially improved the accuracy of CH4 emission estimates by 10–50 %. Comprehensive CT scanning revealed that investigated TMs have species-specific ranges of θM and θµ, but similar total porosity. Image analysis of single TM cross-sections produced good estimates of θM for species with thick walls and evenly distributed chambers. The new image-based methods allow rapid and accurate quantitative characterisation of TMs to answer ecological, physiological and biogeochemical questions. The PG method should be applied when measuring greenhouse-gas emissions from TMs to avoid large errors from inadequate shape approximations.