bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Successful Application of a Plug Set in a 4400-ft Lateral Section of a Horizontal Well Using the Electrical Power-Delivering Capability of the Longest Ever (28,000 ft) Real-Time Hybrid Coiled Tubing: Case Study From Oman
Authors: Gaur Rishika , El-Shepani Walid , Pert Mark , Amin Mohamed , Travesso Joshua , Barrera Romeo , Gomes Deylla , Al Jabrim Hoor Nasser , Al Barwani Mohsin , Al Jahwari Khalifa Hilal Khalifa
Published: November 2024

Intervention work is often necessary in field development with deep wells to enhance well performance. To improve this, acquisition of the flow profile data in these wells is vital for decision making. The use of rigless solutions to monitor production zones in extended-reach wells involves both technical and economic challenges attributed to the tortuous nature of these wells with high dogleg severity, considerable variations in azimuth, hole inclination, and general hole conditions.

The unique solution presented in this paper includes the longest real-time hybrid coiled tubing (RTHCT) technology deployment ever used in a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) extended-reach well. This approach enabled the operator to perform logging and plug setting operations to improve well performance with precision and reliability.

A robust hybrid cable design within the coiled tubing (CT) enabled continuous transmission of high-quality downhole data to the surface during the logging run. Based on the logging run diagnosis, an electrically controlled plug setting tool, casing collar locator (CCL), and gamma ray (GR) sensors were integrated into the plug setting bottomhole assembly (BHA). This setup provided dynamic control of the BHA from the surface to successfully set a plug to isolate watered-out layers in the well.

Previous issues reaching target depth (TD) with a wireline tractor BHA and the limitations of memory-based logging at high bottomhole temperature (BHT) necessitated the deployment of the longest 2 3/8-in. RTHCT. This approach effectively resolved these challenges.

The use of real-time data to enable accurate logging at the desired intervals and successful plug setting in one of Oman's longest laterals are detailed. Additionally, it marked the first successful deployment of 28,000 ft of 2 3/8-in. RTHCT in Oman.
Innovative and Cost-Effective Approach to Deal with the Challenges of Trapped Gas and Flashing in Produced Water System
Authors: Haider F. , Ali H. Al , Ketbi A. Al , Maeeni M. Al , Aslam M. , Ahmed S. M
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this paper is to present a case study on the challenges faced in handling produced water expansion project due to trapped gas and flashing which may lead to process safety event. This case study explains how the problem was solved during the integrated field development project at one of Company onshore's largest oil fields, which enabled the timely start-up of an extra 200,000BWPD capacity for handling produced water.

Oil production facilities are equipped with a produced water system, which includes primary and secondary treatments to ensure the produced water meets the necessary standards for reservoir reinjection and water disposal. In the context of integrated field development, two new disposal tanks and their associated pumping systems were added. However, during the commissioning phase of these tanks, high back pressure was noted, affecting the performance of all running five gas oil separation processing trains.

Produced water is not fully stabilized liquid, therefore dissolved gases flashed out once exposed to low pressure system plus the flashing that occurs along the line creates gas trapped in the highest point of the header which increases the back pressure in the header. This was finally crossed check with the piping network simulation. Based on field trail and dynamic simulation the successful implementation of the highest point close loop flash gas removal to low-pressure system indicates how trapped gas can be efficiently removed to secure the additional throughput of the water disposal system to cater to the future expansion demand of the oil and gas fields. Oil and gas producers may consider this provision in the inherent safety design of the produced water handling system.

This paper presents a case study of how Company solved the problem of trapped gas and flashing in the produced water handling system at one of its largest oil fields. The remedial exercise involved installing a close loop flash gas removal system at the highest point of the header, which reduced the back pressure and improved the performance of the gas oil separation trains. Early stage identification & evaluation of such instances can avoid disturbance in process safety events and timely commissioning of new facilities This solution enabled the timely start-up of an extra 200,000BPWD capacity for handling produced water and improved the process safety and reliability of the facility.
Optimizing Exploitation Strategies for UAE Unconventional Oil Resources: A Case Study on Integrating Rock Quality & Completion Quality Aspects
Authors: Rana Rakesh Roshan , Othman Abdelfatah , Kumar Gulshan , Sharma Sakshi , Shama Vaibhav , Baig Muhammad Zeeshan , Vantala Aurifullah , Blooshi Hamid Al
Published: November 2024

Exploration in the Shilaif formation, one of the unconventional reservoirs in the UAE, is challenging due to its complexities in lithology and its rock mechanics. Shilaif comprises bituminous, dark, fine-grained wackestones to packstones (Al-Zaabi and Taher et al., 2010), which inherently possess high heterogeneity in their petrophysical and geomechanical properties. This heterogeneity significantly complicates the identification of optimal zones for hydrocarbon exploitation, despite the formation's substantial hydrocarbon potential.

To address these challenges, a comprehensive, integrated approach is required to delineate the best reservoir intervals based on Reservoir Quality (RQ) and Completion Quality (CQ) metrics. This study leverages various methodologies, including petrography, petrophysical analysis including advanced Magnetic Resonance data, core analysis such as Routine Core Analysis (RCA) and Special Core Analysis (SCAL). Key techniques like Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) for pore throat distribution and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) for rock typing are also included. Additionally, geochemical and detailed geomechanical studies are integrated to identify perforation zones for efficient hydraulic fracturing (hydrofracture) initiation for flowable hydrocarbon evaluation.

For this integrated study, a well targeting the unconventional Shilaif was analyzed. Data collection included acquiring conventional core, wireline logs, mud logs, lithocuts etc. All the data corroborated and interpreted to prepare a working model that honors all data acquired through multiple sources/operations. This comprehensive data integration was crucial for the planning and design of hydrofracturing and subsequent well testing operations.
Geophysics Promotes the Large-Scale Development of Shale Gas in Sichuan Basin
Authors: Li M. , Zhu Y. , Yang X. , Wu F. , Deng X. , Wang X. , Chen M.
Published: November 2024

Development of shale gas in Sichuan basin, China, is challenging as the target is thinner than 10 m, the burial depth is deeper than 3500 m, and the structure and stress systems are complex. To promote the large-scale development of shale gas in Sichuan basin, dedicated geophysical techniques have been developed, and a framework integrating geophysics, geology, and engineering has been formed. In the integrated framework, geophysics works closely with geology and engineering from resource appraisal, well planning, to drilling and fracturing of horizontal wells. Application of this integrated framework coupled with geophysics, especially high-quality 3D seismic, can make significant contributions to the large-scale development of shale gas by reducing risk and cost while improving efficiency and profit. Also, the geophysical techniques described in this paper can be beneficial for the development of other cost-sensitive or risky conventional and unconventional resources.
Saving Massive Gas and Condensate Losses of Gas Producers Losses Due to the Nearby Well Drilling Requirement
Authors: Sudarev M. , Al Bairaq A. , Al Yaaqoubi N. , Alawadhi F. , Alhammadi S. , Al Shamsi A. , Mengal S. , Douglas M. , Sarsekov A.
Published: November 2024

Reservoir pressure refers to the force that the fluids and gases in the underground rock layers apply on the surrounding environment. This force is an important factor that influences how well the drilling process can perform, how safe it is, and how efficient it is. Having accurate information about the reservoir pressure while drilling is crucial for choosing the right density of the drilling fluid and avoiding problems such as kicks, losses, or wellbore instability that can increase the drilling risks and costs. For this reason, there are some rules to follow to close nearby wells that can change the reservoir pressure while drilling. The current rules for Gas Condensate Reservoir suggest closing the gas producers that are less than 500 meters away and the gas injectors that are less than 2000 meters away from the drilling point.

By conducting a careful and continuous observation, it was noticed that one of the elements that affect the achievement of the delivery goal is the amount of gas and condensate that are lost as a result of the need to shut in the wells during the drilling process. This has a considerable impact especially in the case of the large-scale reservoir that requires a high level of drilling activity. The purpose of this study was to review and modify the criteria for shutting in the wells in order to decrease the losses that are caused by this requirement and consequently reduce the number of wells that are not in operation in the gas condensate reservoirs
Successful Deployment of New Generation Specialty Lost Circulation Material in Highly Fractured Formation, Offshore Abu Dhabi - Case Study
Authors: Goncalves Fabio , Zaheer Babar , Kulkarni Neeraj , Dangelo Giulio , Al Menhali Mahroos , DeBarros Adelson , Nasrallah Mena , Bashandy Tamer
Published: November 2024

Drilling through faults and fractured formations has always been a challenge. In most cases wells have either been re-drilled as sidetracks or trajectories modified to avoid faults and fractures altogether. New technology products have been engineered and tested to overcome this challenge specifically to achieve a Techno-economic, safe operation. In this case deployment of a new generation Mult-Modular lost circulation material (LCM) was customized to effectively cure losses in these fractured formations, thus enabling drilling the well to the target reservoir zone.

The loss mitigation plan for the subject well was prepared well in advance. Rigorous lab testing was performed on regular as well as larger slots to ascertain the plugging efficiency of the LCM. Formulations for both conventional LCM and Multi-Modal Composite LCM pills were optimized for this well based on lab tests. A clear decision tree was prepared with initial preference being to utilize conventional LCM pills first. LCM mixing and pumping procedures were detailed and discussed during the planning stage. Sufficient LCM inventory was made available for multiple pills to counter losses.

The results of the careful planning were evident. A total of six LCM pills were pumped in different loss zones encountered in the 20 inch section at various depths. Compared to the conventional LCM pills, the Multi-Modal pills containing composite particles combined with the reticulated foam showed superior performance in curing the losses from 150-230 bbl/hr down to 10 bbl/hr in all the loss zones encountered. All combinations of conventional Lost Circulation Material (LCM) with high concentrations proved to be ineffective once severe or total losses were encountered in these formations (Saragi et Al, 2021). Each pill pumped cured losses ranging from total losses reducing to full return. The 12 ¼ inch section also saw similar loss behavior where a total of ten specialty Multi-Modal LCM pills were pumped at various depths which were successful in completely curing the losses. As a result both the 20 inch and 12 ¼ inch hole sections were successfully drilled to target depths.

Multi-Modular LCM material including new technology foam material were implemented and successful in both lab and field trials in curing total losses. These pills were produced stable plugs able to withstand the pressure required for a successful solution. Proper design of the LCM can help avoid or at least minimize the impact of losses when drilling thief zones and improve wellbore integrity during the well's life cycle.
Building an E-Crude Plant with Heat Exchanger-Reactor HER Technology
Authors: Kamel M. , Delahaye T. , Aljneibi N. , Izquierdo-Colorado A. , Funduk S. , Fakhar H. El
Published: November 2024

ADNOC fields operate with zero flaring during normal operations; however, flaring during upset conditions is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Therefore, to comply with flaring restrictions and support the UAE Net Zero emissions by 2045 Strategic Initiative, this paper will introduce an innovative Heat Exchanger-Reactor (HER) technology which will versatile hydrogenation of CO2 & produce synthetic fuels.

This paper will introduce the KHIMOD's innovative Heat Exchanger-Reactor(HER) technology which converts CO2 into syngas via the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction. This syngas can thereafter be used to produce synthetic paraffinic crude in a subsequent second step, by a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor, while incorporating additional hydrogen produced via water electrolysis. Alternatively, the green hydrogen contained in the syngas can be used directly for H2 storage or transportation. Various configurations have been developed to valorise the CO2-rich flare gases emitted from ADNOC onshore fields during emergency conditions.

A new copper-based Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) catalyst and a new cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalyst have been custom developed to fit the opportunities of the very accurate catalytic temperature control possibilities of the Heat Exchanger-Reactor (HER) technology. Under the current market conditions, the early cost evaluation shows an overall of e-crude generation slightly beneath the 5 $/kg depending primarily on the cost of hydrogen, with an achievable target of reaching close to the 3 $/kg in the coming years. Moving forward, KHIMOD is studying the optimum plant configuration to convert CO2 from flaring during upset conditions into syngas in a field demonstration unit.

The ground-breaking aspect of this paper is a real application case for a waste stream CO2 valorisation unit into hydrogen or Syncrude based on the novel field-proven market-ready KHIMOD Heat Exchanger-Reactor (HER) solution. The interaction between the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) and the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) technologies are aiming to eliminate the unavoidable CO2 emissions from the industrial sectors & support decarbonizing our operations to reach ADNOC's Net Zero by 2045 strategic goal.
Integration of Ultra-High-Resolution Nano Tracers in Flow Diagnostics with a Multi-Stage Completion Program for Post-Frac Flow Assurance, Fault Evaluation and Well Spacing Optimization in Eagle Ford Shale
Authors: Melo R. C. B. de , Manohar M. , Shokanov T. , Guo Q. , Oliver J. , Jejelowo P.
Published: November 2024

Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing stimulation and completion programs in unconventional wells now account for up to 70% of total well costs. Faced with increased completion intensity, reservoir and geological complexities, and economic pressures, upstream operations must take a serious look at increasing their efficiency regarding the use of completion money and ensuring increased production results.

The future development and completion designs must be validated by cost-effective and accurate flow mapping measurements that deepen insight into complex reservoir flow performance and geological risk assessment, right-size the multi-bench well spacing, and focus on data-driven stimulation designs that optimize economics.

This paper highlights one such effort in a multi-well tracing project in Eagle Ford Basin. A novel and cost-effective ultra-high- resolution nanoparticle tracer played a key role in delivering useful data that led to a comprehensive understanding of the reservoir, geological faults, and optimize stimulation efforts at a stage level. Additional multi-well studies in turn led to the development of a full understanding of inter-well communication, fracture-driven interactions flow characterization, and optimizing well spacing.

The state-of-the-art, ultra-high-resolution nanoparticle tracers were added to each stage during completion for flow profile mapping and fault evaluation. In addition, a sampling campaign of adjacent wells was initiated to identify potential communication between offset and traced wells. The data integration of the nanoparticle tracers with offset wells pressure monitoring helped to improve the target reservoir development approach and provided a live performance flow profile for the entire development. This data was also used to optimize completion designs, stage and well placement strategies, and significantly enhance reservoir understanding and geological fault impacts on stage-level production.
Thermodynamics of Hydrogen; Analysing and Refining of Critical Flow Factor Through Comprehensive Uncertainty Assessment and Experimental Data Integration
Authors: Joonaki E. , Rostaminikoo E. , Ghanaatian S. , Nasriani H.
Published: November 2024

The calibration of flow meters that used in hydrogen transformation needs a reliable reference device such as sonic nozzles Therefore, critical flow factor (C*) for hydrogen must be calculated precisely through existing equations that is why it is important to investigate the achievable uncertainty in calculating this vital parameter. In addition, the quality and accuracy of thermophysical property experimental/modelled data plays a vital role in reaching the highest accuracy determination of C*. Therefore, in this study, an examination of the literature has been undertaken to target experimental measurements related to pure hydrogen, setting the stage for a comprehensive gap analysis followed by analysing various available equation of state models in predicting accurate thermophysical properties of pure hydrogen.

We introduced new high pressure high temperature (HPHT) Fluid Property Test Rig to add new reliable thermophysical property data to the literature and also we presented C* values and validated our calculations with two calibration gases: nitrogen, and methane and their standardised C* values. Then, C* values for hydrogen were generated using this verified methodology in the context of the expanding role of sonic nozzles in hydrogen flow meter calibration.

This study showed that C* calculations can be enhanced significantly by using the representative equation along with employing appropriate thermodynamic equations of state which are examined by high accurate new measured experimental data.
AI-Powered CCTV Analytics for Proactive Threat Detection and Operational Excellence in Well Engineering Operations
Authors: Al Maamari Ammar , Taha Ahmad , Al Qassabi Khalid , Al Rawahi Hamood , Al Busaidi Yusra
Published: November 2024

In today's rapidly evolving industrial landscape, ensuring safety and operational efficiency in well engineering operations is more critical than ever. Traditional surveillance methods, while effective to some extent, are increasingly inadequate in addressing the dynamic challenges posed by complex operations. This paper presents an in-depth exploration of the development and implementation of an AI- powered CCTV analytics system designed to enhance safety and operational excellence within Well Engineering Operation at Petroleum Development Oman (PDO). The system leverages advanced machine learning algorithms to analyze live video feeds, identify potential threats in real-time, and optimize operational workflows.

The primary objectives of this initiative were to detect safety noncompliance, improve incident detection accuracy, reduce response times, and integrate seamlessly with existing safety protocols. This paper outlines the comprehensive methodology employed, from the initial planning stages through to deployment, and presents a detailed analysis of the results achieved during the Proof of Concept (PoC) phase. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in safety metrics, including a reduction in incident rates and enhanced compliance with safety standards.

Beyond the technical aspects, this paper also discusses the broader implications of AI integration in safety management, addressing ethical considerations, challenges encountered, and the potential for scalability across other operations within PDO and the wider industry. The conclusion reflects on the lessons learned and provides recommendations for organizations seeking to implement similar AI-driven safety solutions.
Fiber Optic Monitoring of CO2 Injection in a Carbonate Saline Aquifer Onshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Mason J. , Cambois G. , Cowell J. , Kirstetter O. , Al Neyadi A. M. , Naldrett G. , Vincent M. , Gang Y.
Published: November 2024

A carbon sequestration site has been developed onshore Abu Dhabi where, for the first time, 100% of the injected CO2 is to be captured and sequestered in a carbonate saline aquifer (Xu et al., 2023). This project is part of ADNOC's $23 billion multi-year action plan to decarbonize its operations and supports its goal to reduce carbon intensity by 25% by 2030 and deliver on its Net Zero by 2045 ambition. The well was spudded in April 2023 and CO2 injection started in November of the same year.

The site currently has one well, equipped with fiber optic sensors on both the casing and the tubing string, which can monitor passive and active seismic activity, distributed temperature, acoustics and strain over the entire length of the fiber cables. The intention is to monitor and verify CO2 injection and containment as part of the MMV (Monitoring, Measuring and Verification) specifications for site certification. Unfortunately, time-lapse seismic is notoriously difficult in Abu Dhabi carbonate reservoirs due to their stiffness and the low sensitivity of their elastic properties to reservoir changes. As a result, detecting fluid changes with surface seismic and 4D time lapse seismic has not been very successful in the region. While there are many published examples of successful CO2 plume monitoring using time-lapse seismic (Bacci et al., 2017, Pevzner et al., 2021), they overwhelmingly concern clastic formations.

Rock physics modeling of supercritical CO2 replacing hypersaline water (23% concentration) showed increased seismic detectability compared to injections in oil reservoirs for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) purposes. While this gave us hope that seismic monitoring could work in this carbonate environment, we nonetheless took every precaution to maximize repeatability and signal-to-noise ratio in our design. We first tested a seismic monitor survey using only freshwater injection, which has much lower detectability than CO2, and obtained very encouraging results. We then implemented a thorough monitoring plan, which this paper will detail.
Aligning Development Programs with Organizational Goals
Authors: Al Barwany Fatma
Published: November 2024

Achieving alignment between employees and organizational goals is crucial for any organization aiming to become high-performing, agile, and growth-oriented. A staff survey revealed a need for better alignment between employees' roles and the organization's strategic goals. In response, the organization, in collaboration with the HR department and the Strategy Office, embarked on an alignment journey to ensure that every employee had a clear understanding of the organization's vision, mission, values, and goals. This process, known as "cascading," involves translating high-level strategic objectives down through various levels within the organization—from business units and departments to the individual employee's level.

Recognizing that its existing Balanced Scorecard (BSC) system, while effective, could be further complemented, the organization integrated two additional methodologies into its alignment strategy. The first was the KPI Institute's framework, which provided tools and techniques for setting, monitoring, and achieving key performance indicators (KPIs) directly linked to the organization's strategic objectives. The second was the PuMP (Performance Measurement Process) methodology, which emphasized personal responsibility and ownership in driving results, fostering a culture of continuous improvement where employees actively engaged in improving their performance measures to better align with strategic objectives.
Project to Asset Transfer Process in PDO: Challenges & Best Practices
Authors: Al Waily Sultan M.
Published: November 2024

The opportunity Realization Process (ORP) is the framework used in Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) to manage and execute the projects. One of the primary challenges is the Project to Asset (P2A) phase starting from the Pre-Start Up Audit (PSUA) and ending with the signature of the Final Acceptance Certificate (FAC) on which the full ownership is transferred from the project to the asset. During this phase, the technical issues such as control systems issues or rotating equipment's issues tend to receive more focus than non-technical issues. This is because technical issues are typically easier to identify and quantify while the non-technical issues are more difficult to identify and address.

Currently in PDO, more than one hundred projects per year are delivered by the project delivery department with CAPEX range of 10 to 400 million USD per project. It was observed that the project to asset transfer process in most of the delivered projects is longer than the industry in general. The key topic of this paper is the analysis done for more than three hundred projects executed in PDO from 2018 to 2022 with the focus in the P2A phase. This phase has been segregated further to three sub-phases: PSUA to Startup, Startup to Provisional Acceptance (PAC) and Provisional Acceptance to Final Acceptance (FAC). The paper additionally examined the best practices followed in number of the projects and their effect in the handover process.

The main sources used for this paper were PDO's project delivery learning knowledgebase and PDO's PSUA database. Other sources were several published papers in the same subject as well as direct feedback from the main stakeholders. The analysis found that around 80% of the challenges faced during the P2A are non-technical. The non-technical findings underwent further analysis and segregated in categories. Documentation and document management was the prominent challenge with around 60% of the findings linked to it. Interface management was the second main contributor in the P2A delays with around 20% of the findings linked to it. Other categories were also analyzed with their effect in the process.

Furthermore, several best practices and their impact in tackling the key issues has been analyzed. Some examples of the best practices checked were industrial startup KPI, digital document management tool, verification check sheet for critical deliverables and early involvement of operation representatives in the project. In conclusion, the analysis showed the non-technical issues remain the main challenge in the P2A which needs more focus by the project management. The successful implementation of best practices has contributed to an improvement in the P2A phase; nevertheless, to ensure their integration across all projects, enhanced stakeholder engagement and diligent follow-up are required.
Circular Economy: Rethinking Security Sustainability Through Ransom Project
Authors: Mohamad Noor Khairil Annuar Bin , Ahmad Mohd Noor B
Published: November 2024

As part of PETRONAS approach to sustainability, the organization has made more concerted effort to purposefully adopt Circular Economy (CE) across PETRONAS including security area. Hence the objective of this paper is to propose a paradigm shift in security discourse, advocating for the integration of circular economy principles into security strategies. This proposal, termed as RaNSOM project (see figure 1) aims to enhance sustainability, resource optimization, and overall resilience within security frameworks.

This paper will delve into the conceptual framework of RaNSOM project that has been piloting in 2023 for 6 months, elucidating its principles and methodologies for integrating circular economy principles into security strategies. The scope encompasses the optimization of resources across the security spectrum, including manpower and technological infrastructure, through the adoption of circular economy approaches. Additionally, the paper will explore the role of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, data analytics, and IoT devices in augmenting security capabilities. Furthermore, it will discuss the expansion of security objectives from asset protection to area protection, focusing on the establishment of resilient infrastructures, community engagement initiatives, and proactive risk management strategies. Finally, the paper will address the importance of upskilling and reskilling security roles to align with the demands of the circular economy, emphasizing training programs focused on sustainability, technology integration, and community engagement.

The study showcases significant achievements, including a notable RM6.7 million in manpower cost savings through rationalization. Implementation of new technologies like the Integrated Security Control Centre (ISCC) and PETRONAS Security Information Management (PSIM) 3.0 has enhanced security capabilities and operational efficiency. Additionally, the establishment of the Security Academy addresses skill gaps, ensuring security talents are equipped for success. Expansion of security roles and collaboration with Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS and the Malaysia Board of Technology accelerate digital transformation within Group Security. These outcomes underscore the transformative impact of integrating circular economy principles into security strategies. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for continued efforts to sustain and expand upon Project Ransom's gains for a resilient and sustainable security ecosystem.
Subtle Faults Characterization Based on Fault Simulation and AI OBN Seismic Attributes Optimization
Authors: Kongzhi Huang , Xin Chen , Jiawen Song , Dengyi Xiao , Shize Wang , Qiang Li , Fuli An , Bo Wang , Caiqin Liu , Yaliang Xia , Zichang Tang , Dayou Yang , Jiajia Li
Published: November 2024

Subtle faults are often below seismic resolution, especially in strike slip regimes, it is very difficult to identify them as they have small throw and the seismic attributes do not change significantly across the fault. However, faulting often have an impact in fluid propagation leading to compartmentation. To improve the prediction accuracy of subtle faults, a new AI subtle faults characterization method based on OBN seismic attributes and fault physical simulation was proposed. This method includes 5 steps. 1) Integrated regional stress surveys and seismic AI subtle faults prediction results to describe the geometric characteristics. 2) Performing similar fault physical simulation to analyzing the kinematic characteristics, and record the horizontal and vertical features. 3) Comparing the horizontal features of simulation model with seismic attributes along target layer to analyze the orientations. 4) Comparing vertical fault features of simulation model with seismic section to analyze the fault stages and dip angles. 5) Based on the orientations, dip angles and fault stages, optimizing AI fault prediction results. This method has been successfully applied in the Middle East. AI based fault prediction utilizing high-quality OBN seismic data can clearly demonstrate the geometric features for small faults. The study area located in a strike-slip fault zone, with two sets of faults oriented in the NW-SE and W-E directions which were controlled by the W-E shear stress. Under the similar stress, physical simulation of strike-slip faults was conducted, deepening the geological understanding. Comparative analysis between physical simulation and seismic attributes reveals that the NW-SE faults correspond to the early stage of R shear faults, and W-E faults correspond to the later stage of P shear faults. Comparative analysis of fault physical simulation and seismic attribute sections reveal that strike-slip faults can be divided into two stages. The first stage involves deep faults formed in a compressive-torsional stress with reverse faults. The second stage involves shallow faults formed in a tensile-torsional stress with normal faults. Guided by the geometric and kinematic characteristics of strike-slip faults, AI fault prediction results in deep and shallow formation were optimized based on the understanding of fault orientation, dip, and different stages. This AI subtle faults characterization method efficiently combined high- efficiency AI fault prediction technology with fault physical simulation techniques, deepening the geological understanding of faults system while also enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of subtle fault prediction.
Quercetin is a Potential Therapy for Postinfarction Netosis Formation
Authors: Goshovska Yulia , Pashevin Denis , Goncharov Serhii , Lapikova-Bryhinska Tetiana , Lisovyi Oleksandr , Nagibin Vasyl , Portnichenko Georgii , Tumanovska Lesya , Dosenko Victor
Published: November 2024

Purpose. The surgical intervention during myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with the risk of reperfusion injury, infiltration of tissues with polymorphonuclear neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. We hypothesized that inhibition of NETs with the use of quercetin might be a promising cardioprotective strategy.
Methods. Wistar rats underwent LAD occlusion (MI) for 40 min followed by 90 min of reperfusion. MI+Q group received a water-soluble form of Quercetin (50 mg/kg, “Corvitin”, BCPP, Ukraine) into the tail vein 10 min before reperfusion.
Results. The post-MI administration of Quercetin significantly alleviated cardiac dysfunction. End-systolic pressure; stroke volume; cardiac output; and stroke work were significantly improved in MI+Q vs MI group. NETs formation (examined by fluorescence microscopy and Hoechst staining) as well as free DNA in blood plasma was reduced in MI+Q group that might be one of the mechanisms of cardioprotective effect of quercetin.
Conclusions. Postconditioning with Quercetin might be used as a therapeutic tool for alleviation of reperfusion injury and netosis inhibition in vivo.
Microglia modulate Aβ-dependent astrocyte reactivity in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zimmer Eduardo , Ferrari-Souza João Pedro , Povala Guilherme , Rahmouni Nesrine , Bellaver Bruna , Ferreira Pamela , Leffa Douglas , Lussier Firoza , Aguzzoli Cristiano , Brum Wagner , De Bastiani Marco Antônio , Carello-Collar Giovanna , Borelli Wyllians , Therriault Joseph Therriault , Macedo Arthur , Servaes Stijn , Stevenson Jenna , Pola Ilaria , Gauthier Serge , Souza Diogo , Schilling Lucas , Lourenco Mychael , Triana-Baltzer Gallen , Kolb Hartmuth , Benedet Andréa , Ashton Nicholas , Tudorascu Dana , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Pascoal Tharick , Rosa-Neto Pedro
Published: November 2024

Experimental evidence suggests that activated microglia induce astrocyte reactivity in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the association between microglial activation and amyloid-β (Aβ) with reactive astrogliosis in the living AD human brain. We studied 101 individuals across the AD spectrum with positron emission tomography (PET) for Aβ aggregation ([18F]AZD4694) and translocator protein (TSPO) microglial activation ([11C]PBR28), along with the plasma biomarker for astrocyte reactivity glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We further assessed tau phosphorylation by plasma phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (p-tau217) and tau aggregation using [18F]MK-6240 PET. We found that Aβ pathology was associated with increased astrocyte reactivity across cortical brain regions only in the presence of elevated levels of microglial activation. Importantly, the microglia-dependent effects of Aβ on astrocyte reactivity were further related to cognitive impairment through tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Postmortem data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas revealed that TSPO mRNA expression patterns reflected the in-vivo Aβ-glia relationships, indicating that the interplay between AD pathophysiology and glial reactivity might be regulated at the gene expression level. Altogether, our results provide biomarker-based clinical evidence that microglial activation plays a key role in Aβ-related astrocyte reactivity, which, in turn, contributes to downstream pathological features of AD. These findings shed light on the intricate crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes in the AD brain, offering insights for the development of glia-targeting therapies.
Ataluren Treatment Improves Hematopoietic and Pancreatic Disorders in Patients with Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
Authors: Cipolli Marco , Bezzerri Valentino , Pegoraro Anna , Hristodor Anca , Crane Genevieve , Meneghelli Ilaria , Brignole Cecilia , Boni Christian , Baldisseri Elena , Vella Antonio , Menichetti Giacomo , Valli Roberto , Porta Giovanni , D'Amico Giovanna , Tecchio Cristina , Parisi Alice , Lippi Giuseppe , Cesaro Simone , Corey Seth
Published: November 2024

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, neutropenia, and a high risk of myeloid malignancy. Most patients with SDS harbor nonsense mutations in Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome gene (SBDS), which encodes a ribosome assembly factor. We investigated the translational read-through effect of ataluren in three patients with SDS. The primary and secondary endpoints were restoring SBDS protein levels in hematopoietic cells and improving myelopoiesis, respectively. SBDS synthesis increased in hematopoietic cells, whereas the bone marrow showed improved cellularity with the maturation of myeloid progenitors. The exocrine pancreatic function also improved. Thus, this clinical study strongly encourages the further clinical development of ataluren to treat SDS.
Prevalence and Usage Trends of Large Language Models in Health Science Publications: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: MohanaSundaram ArunSundar , M Yogesh , Atanasov Atanas G , Kaneda Yudai , Oami Takehiko , Sathanantham Shanmugarajan Thukani , Aderinto Nicholas , Apostolopoulos Vasso
Published: November 2024

Background. The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly impacted scientific research and publishing. However, the extent and nature of this impact across health sciences remain unclear.
Objectives. To determine the prevalence and trends of LLM usage in health science publications from 2022 and 2024, and to analyze variations across countries, publishers, journals, and institutions.
Methods. We conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection across twelve major health science disciplines. LLM usage was assessed using linguistic markers associated with LLM-generated text from the first five months (January 1 to May 31) of 2022 and 2024. Comparative analyses were performed with and without common LLM-related adjectives and adverbs.
Results. The analysis revealed significant shifts in the global landscape of LLM usage in health science publications from 2022 to 2024. English-speaking countries, such as the USA (-10.350%, p<0.001) and England (-2.095%, p<0.001), showed a marked decrease in LLM-related research output, while Asian and Middle Eastern countries demonstrated substantial increases (China: +12.473%, p<0.001; India: +1.821%, p<0.001). This trend was mirrored at the institutional level, with prestigious Western institutions experiencing declines (Harvard University: -0.665%, p<0.001) and Chinese institutions showing growth (Chinese Academy of Sciences: +0.295%, p=0.054). Global publishers like Springer Nature (+9.178%, p<0.001) and open-access journals such as Cureus Journal of Medical Science (+3.040%, p<0.0001) saw significant increases in LLM-related publications
Conclusion. The transition in the use of LLM from English-speaking to non-English-speaking countries, especially in Asia, presents both opportunities and challenges. These include addressing potential biases and differences in research integrity standards. This highlights the need for international collaboration to create consistent, ethical standards for LLMs in research. Future efforts should focus on developing methods to detect the use of LLMs use and assess their impact, ensuring that scientific outputs are equitable and of high quality globally.
Research on the material removal mechanism of vibration-assisted nano-scratch on single-crystal GaN by molecular dynamics
Authors: Luo Bin , Li Yuwei , Miu Jun , Jiao ZhenHua , Fu Youzhi , Shu Rong
Published: November 2024

Single-crystal gallium nitride (GaN) is a semiconductor material with high hardness and high brittleness. To reveal the differences in the micro-mechanisms of material removal during conventional grinding and ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding, and to provide guidance for the high-efficiency, high-quality planarization processing of single-crystal GaN, this study uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods to establish a model of single-crystal GaN being scratched by a single abrasive grain with/without ultrasonic vibration assistance. The study compares the differences in surface morphology and subsurface damage formation mechanisms of single-crystal GaN under conditions with and without ultrasonic assistance. The results indicate that, compared to conventional grinding, the periodic ultrasonic vibrations effectively reduce the normal force and result in a more uniform distribution of stress and temperature, thereby mitigating local stress concentration and thermal accumulation effects. Ultrasonic vibration alters the motion of the abrasive grain, increasing the effective contact area and material removal range, reducing the number of residual atoms in the machining area, and lowering the chip pile-up height at the abrasive grain's leading edge. Additionally, the micro-shear deformation induced by ultrasonic vibrations helps suppress brittle fracture phenomena caused by excessive local stress, thus reducing the thickness of the subsurface damage layer. These findings provide new insights into the microscopic mechanisms of material removal in high-efficiency, high-quality grinding processes of single-crystal GaN.
To Hoard or not to Hoard: Does a simple decision rule guide hoarding in coal tits (Periparus ater)?
Authors: O'Hagan Daniel David , Donley Dion , Yeung Sheren Y. W. , Foglietti Camilla Daphne Blasi , Wales Dan , Wintersgill Donna , Smulders Tom Victor
Published: November 2024

While many researchers have investigated the adaptive value of food-hoarding behaviour, as well as the mechanisms by which food is retrieved, very few studies to date have investigated the mechanisms underlying the motivation to hoard, and especially the final decision as to whether to eat or hoard an individual item. We report on the unexpected observation that coal tits (Periparus ater) were more likely to hoard peanut pieces that were made distasteful with quinine than control peanut pieces. We then conducted two follow-up studies to test the hypothesis that coal tits preferentially hoard bitter tasting peanuts over regular tasting ones. We do not find any evidence for preferential hoarding of bitter nuts in our first follow-up study, although birds still hoarded 55% of bitter nuts. Birds also do not distinguish between the two nut types when retrieving them after 30 min. In our final study, we trained the birds to associate a colour with the bitter taste to test whether this changed their ability to remember which hoards contain bitter seeds. However, when they can identify the bitter seeds from a distance, they avoid them altogether, neither eating nor hoarding the bitter seeds. Bringing together these findings, we propose the hypothesis that coal tits decide whether to hoard an item or not using a simple rule of thumb: if the item has been collected and is edible, but the bird is not motivated to eat it at that moment in time, it should hoard it. We believe that this simple rule of thumb, together with a change in food availability, may be responsible for seasonal patterns of hoarding intensity throughout the non-breeding season in the field.
Study on the Non-destructive Detection Method of Moisture Content in Dried Apple Pulp by Terahertz Spectroscopy
Authors: Hu Jun , Mao Xiaodong , Yang Shimin , Huang Zhikai , Liu Wennan
Published: November 2024

Objective: If the dried apple is not dried enough in the production process, it is easy to cause the growth of mold, leading to serious food safety problems. Therefore, it is of great economic and social significance to find a method to detect the moisture content of dried apple efficiently and non-destructively.
Methods：In this paper, fresh apple samples were made, dried in a drying oven, and 8 gradients of different moisture content were made. The difference of terahertz spectra of dried apple with different moisture content was investigated by terahertz absorption spectrum.
Result：In the results of preprocessing, for Partial Least Squares, the optimal model is Normalization- Partial Least Squares, which has an RMSEP of 2.0289 and an RP of 0.8985. For Least Squares Support Vector Machine, the optimal model is 1st Derivative-Least Squares Support Vector Machine, which has an RMSEP of 1.1757 and an RP of 0.9685. After the addition of the feature extraction, it was found that the optimal model is 1st Derivative-Uninformative Variable Elimination-Least Squares Support Vector Machine, which has an RMSEP of 1.0483 and an RP of 0.9761. Compared to the Least Squares Support Vector Machine model of raw data, the RMSEP reduced by 0.3968 and the RP improved by 2.57%.
Conclusion：In this paper, the feasibility of using terahertz spectroscopy to predict the moisture content of dried apples was verified, and a moisture content prediction model with high accuracy was established.