bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of two-dimensional simulation of groundwater protection from lead using different sorbents in permeable barriers
Authors: Masood Zehraa B. , Abd Ali Ziad Tark
Published: February 2020

This study is to investigate the possibility of using activated carbon prepared from Iraqi date-pits (ADP) which are produced from palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as low-cost reactive material in the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for treating lead (Pb+2) from the contaminated groundwater, and then compare the results experimentally with other common reactive materials such as commercial activated carbon (CAC), zeolite pellets (ZP). Factors influencing sorption such as contact time, initial pH of the solution, sorbent dosage, agitation speed, and initial lead concentration has been studied. Two isotherm models were used for the description of sorption data (Langmuir and Freundlich). The maximum lead sorption capacities were measured for ADP, CAC, and ZP and were found to be 24.5, 12.125, and 4.45 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic data were analyzed using various kinetic models particularly pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion. COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a depend on finite element procedure was applied to formulate transmit of lead (Pb+2) in the two-dimensional numerical (2D) model under an equilibrium condition. The numerical solution shows that the contaminant plume is hindered by PRB.
Public investment and economic activity in Mexico, 1925–1981
Authors: de Jesús Fonseca Felipe , Gómez-Zaldívar Manuel , Ventosa-Santaulària Daniel
Published: February 2020

The authors construct a historical database of public investment (both total and broken down into its main components) for the period 1925 to 1981 in order to measure its impact on economic activity. Given the possible presence of crowding-out effects between public investment and private investment, in their analysis they control for the latter. The results suggest that: i) public investment had a significant impact on output, one which varies depending on the category of public investment considered, and; ii) private and public investment are positively related, i.e., public investment has a crowding-in effect on private investment, and both have a positive and significant impact on GDP. The results contrast with those of previous studies that have analyzed this relationship, though using a different time period, one that includes the economic liberalization era. Nevertheless, these differences can be rationalized by the findings of Ilzetzki et al. (How Big (Small?) are Fiscal Multipliers? 2013), who point out that key country-specific characteristics such as trade openness and the exchange rate regime are determinant in the relationship between public investment and output.
Ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block: an effective alternative technique to control ischaemic severe rest pain during endovascular treatment of critical limb ischaemia
Authors: Gedikoglu Murat , Eker Hatice E.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

There are challenges with pain management related to a severely ischaemic limb. Although opioid-based treatment has been the cornerstone of pain relief, the use of these drugs should be limited because of their side effects in such vulnerable patients. We evaluated the utility and efficiency of sciatic nerve block as an alternative method to relieve severe rest pain during endovascular treatment of critical limb ischaemia.

Material and methods

We retrospectively investigated 10 patients who received ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block for the relief of severe rest pain during endovascular treatment of critical limb ischaemia. The degree of pain relief was evaluated by using subjective criteria, from no relief of pain (= 1) to complete relief of pain (= 4). Details of endovascular treatment, time to perform the block, amount of local anaesthetics, duration of the block, need for supplemental analgesia, patient and operator satisfaction, and complications were recorded.

Results

All blocks were technically successful, and all of the patients had complete resolution of the pain within five minutes. The degree of pain relief was 3 in two patients and 4 in eight patients. All patients were satisfied with the block anaesthesia, and no patient required additional analgesia during this period. Operator satisfaction was very good in all cases. Complications secondary to block did not occur in any patient.

Conclusions

Ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block provides effective pain control, which results in excellent patient and operator satisfaction during endovascular treatment of critical limb ischaemia with severe rest pain.
Saint Anthony's Fire from Antiquity to the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Foscati Alessandra
Published: February 2020

After the discovery of the ergotism epidemics (poisoning caused by ingesting the fungal toxin of rye) and its etiology, eighteenth-century physicians interpreted medieval chronicles in their medical texts in order to recognize the occurrences of ergotic diseases through retrospective diagnosis. They assumed that St. Anthony's fire and ignis sacer ("sacred fire") recorded in medieval texts represented the same disease, ergotism. This interpretative method, lacking a textual basis in the sources, has been incorrectly followed by historians till now. This book examines this historical prejudice through textual analysis, comparing diverse medieval and early modern sources. A striking semantic complexity emerges that changes the concept of St. Anthony's fire and modifies our understanding of diseases in general. This research illuminates aspects of the history of medicine, society, and hospitals.
Cross-border Mobility
Authors: Mee Wendy
Published: February 2020

Cross-border Mobility: Women, Work and Malay Identity in Indonesia offers a fresh perspective on the association between mobility and the ethnocultural category ‘Malay’. In so doing, it raises new research questions that are relevant to the study of Indonesian women’s socioeconomic mobility more generally. Based on fieldwork in Sambas, a region of Indonesia bordering Malaysia, this study documents the ethnocultural consequences of the highly mobile working lives of Sambas Malay women. Emphasising the significance of territorial borders in women’s working lives, this study highlights how women’s border location not only facilitates cross-border pathways of international labour migration and trade, but also generates feelings of peripherality that inform women’s imaginative construction of other, nonterritorial borders that need to be crossed. Shaped by social class, gender, and the economic and cultural possibilities of political decentralization, the study identifies three borderscopes that orient women’s work-related mobility and create diverse outcomes for the ethnocultural category 'Sambas Malay'.
Constraining the relationships between aerosol height, aerosol optical depth and total column trace gas measurements using remote sensing and models
Authors: Wang Shuo , Cohen Jason Blake , Lin Chuyong , Deng Weizhi
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Proper quantification of the aerosol vertical height is essential to constrain the atmospheric distribution and lifetime of aerosols, as well as their impact on the environment. We use globally distributed, daily averaged measurements of aerosol stereo heights of fire aerosols from MISR to understand the aerosol distribution. We also connect these results with a simple plume rise model and a new multi-linear regression model approach based on daily measurements of NO2 from OMI and CO from MOPITT to understand and model the global aerosol vertical height profile over biomass burning regions. First, plumes associated with the local dry-burning season at mid to high latitudes frequently have a significant fraction lofted into the free troposphere, and in some cases even the stratosphere. Second, plumes mainly associated with less polluted regions in developing countries and heavily forested areas tend to stay closer to the ground, although they are not always uniformly distributed throughout the boundary layer. Third, plumes associated with more serious loadings of pollution (such as in Africa, Southeast Asia and Northeast China) tend to have a significant amount of smoke transported uniformly through the planetary boundary layer and up to around 3 km. Fourth, the regression model approach yields a better ability to reproduce the measured heights as compared to the plume rise model approach. This improvement is based on a removal of the negative bias observed from the plume model approach, as well as a better ability to work under more heavily polluted conditions. However, over many regions, both approaches fail, requiring deeper work to understand the physical, chemical, and dynamical reasons underlying the failure over these regions.
Atmospheric CO2 and CH4 abundances on regional scales in boreal
areas using CAMS reanalysis, COCCON spectrometers and Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite observations
Authors: Tu Qiansi , Hase Frank , Blumenstock Thomas , Kivi Rigel , Heikkinen Pauli , Sha Mahesh Kumar , Raffalski Uwe , Landgraf Jochen , Lorente Alba , Borsdorff Tobias , Chen Huilin
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We compare the atmospheric column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2) and methane (XCH4) measured with a pair of COCCON spectrometers at Kiruna and Sodankylä sites in boreal areas with model data provided by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and with XCH4 from the recently launched Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite. Both sites show a similar and very good correlation between COCCON retrievals and the modeled CAMS XCO2 and XCH4 data. CAMS data are biased high with respect to COCCON in both XCO2 and XCH4, while the S5P satellite generally measures lower atmospheric XCH4 than the COCCON spectrometers. The gradients of XCO2 and XCH4 (ΔXCO2 and ΔXCH4) between Kiruna and Sodankylä derived from CAMS reanalysis and COCCON and S5P measurements are investigated to study the capability of detecting sources and sinks on regional scales. CAMS, COCCON and S5P predict gradients in reasonable agreement. However, the small number of observations coinciding with S5P limits our ability to verify the performance of this sensor. Overall, the results indicate that the COCCON instrument has the capability of measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) gradients on regional scales and observations performed with the portable spectrometers can contribute to inferring sources and sinks and to validating space borne greenhouse gas sensors.
One size fits all? – Calibrating an ocean biogeochemistry model for different circulations
Authors: Kriest Iris , Kähler Paul , Koeve Wolfgang , Kvale Karin , Sauerland Volkmar , Oschlies Andreas
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Global biogeochemical ocean models are often tuned to match the observed distributions and fluxes of inorganic and organic quantities. This tuning is typically carried out by hand. However, this rather subjective approach might not yield the best fit to observations, is closely linked to the circulation employed, and thus influenced by its specific features and even its faults. We here investigate the effect of model tuning, via objective optimisation, of one biogeochemical model of intermediate complexity when simulated in five different offline circulations. For each circulation, three of six model parameters have adjusted to characteristic features of the respective circulation. The values of these three parameters – namely, the oxygen utilisation of remineralisation, the particle flux parameter and potential nitrogen fixation rate – correlate significantly with deep mixing and ideal age of NADW and the outcrop area of AAIW and SAMW in the Southern Ocean. The clear relationship between these parameters and circulation characteristics, which can be easily diagnosed from global models, can provide guidance when tuning global biogeochemistry within any new circulation model. The results from 20 global cross-validation experiments show that parameter sets optimised for a specific circulation can be transferred between similar circulations without losing too much of the model's fit to observed quantities. When compared to model intercomparisons of subjectively tuned, global coupled biogeochemistry-circulation models, each with different circulation and/or biogeochemistry, our results show a much lower range of oxygen inventory, OMZ volume and global biogeochemical fluxes. Export production depends to a large extent on the circulation applied, while deep particle flux is mostly determined by the particle flux parameter. Oxygen inventory, OMZ volume, primary production and fixed nitrogen turnover depend more or less equally on both factors, with OMZ volume showing the highest sensitivity, and residual variability. These results show a beneficial effect of optimisation, even when a biogeochemical model is first optimised in a relatively coarse circulation, and then transferred to a different, finer resolution circulation model.
Mātauranga Māori in geomorphology: existing frameworks, case studies and recommendations for Earth scientists
Authors: Wilkinson Clare , Hikuroa Dan C. H. , Macfarlane Angus H. , Hughes Matthew W.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Mixed-method bicultural research in Aotearoa New Zealand, including the weaving of Indigenous and other knowledges, is experiencing a resurgence within many academic disciplines. However, mātauranga Māori – the knowledge, culture, value and worldview of the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand – and Te Ao Māori, the Māori world, is poorly represented within geomorphological investigations. Here, we review existing efforts to include Indigenous knowledge in geologic and geomorphic studies from the international research community and provide an overview of the current state of mātauranga Māori within research endeavours in Aotearoa New Zealand. We review three theoretical frameworks for including mātauranga Māori in research projects and three models for including Māori values within research. We identify direct benefits to geomorphology and discuss how these frameworks and models can be adapted for use with Indigenous knowledge systems outside of Aotearoa New Zealand. The aim of this review is to encourage geomorphologists around the world to engage with local Indigenous peoples to develop new approaches to geomorphic research. In Aotearoa New Zealand, we hope to inspire geomorphologists to embark on research journeys that engender genuine partnership with Māori and that promote toitū te mātauranga, the enduring protection, promotion and respect of mātauranga Māori.
Boundary-layer separation in circular diffuser flows in the presence of an external non-uniform magnetic field
Authors: Moghimi Seyed Morteza , Abbasi Morteza , Khaki Jamei Mehran , Domiri Ganji Davood
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The focus of the present work is on the investigation of the
separation point and its relative location in a circular diffuser carrying
incompressible laminar flow in the presence of a non-uniform external
magnetic field. Two different approaches are deployed in the present
analysis. In the first approach, a similarity transform is applied to reduce
the momentum equation to the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE).
The ODE is solved by a dual integral–numerical method and the separation
position is directly determined. In this combined numerical–integral
methodology, the integration is applied followed by a numerical method. In
the second approach, the equation is solved by the least square method
(LSM), and the separation position is indirectly specified. In this study it is
shown that the magnetic field intensity can be manipulated to postpone the
separation such that it could be eliminated totally. Comparing the
results yields a good agreement. It has been concluded that by increasing the
magnetic field intensity, as the Lorentz force increases, increased shear
stress on the wall and delay in the occurrence of the separation position
are observed.
Surface melt and the importance of water flow – an analysis based on high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data for an Arctic glacier
Authors: Bash Eleanor A. , Moorman Brian J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Models of glacier surface melt are commonly used in studies of glacier mass balance and runoff; however, with limited data available, most models are validated based on ablation stakes and data from automatic weather stations (AWSs). The technological advances of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and structure from motion (SfM) have made it possible to measure glacier surface melt in detail over larger portions of a glacier. In this study, we use melt measured using SfM processing of UAV imagery to assess the performance of an energy balance (EB) and enhanced temperature index (ETI) melt model in two dimensions. Imagery collected over a portion of the ablation zone of Fountain Glacier, Nunavut, on 21, 23, and 24 July 2016 was previously used to determine distributed surface melt. An AWS on the glacier provides some measured inputs for both models as well as an additional check on model performance. Modelled incoming solar radiation and albedo derived from UAV imagery are also used as inputs for both models, which were used to estimate melt from 21 to 24 July 2016. Both models estimate total melt at the AWS within 16 % of observations (4 % for ETI). Across the study area the median model error, calculated as the difference between modelled and measured melt (EB = −0.064 m, ETI = −0.050 m), is within the uncertainty of the measurements. The errors in both models were strongly correlated to the density of water flow features on the glacier surface. The relation between water flow and model error suggests that energy from surface water flow contributes significantly to surface melt on Fountain Glacier. Deep surface streams with highly asymmetrical banks are observed on Fountain Glacier, but the processes leading to their formation are missing in the model assessed here. The failure of the model to capture flow-induced melt would lead to significant underestimation of surface melt should the model be used to project future change.
Characterisation of the Offshore Precipitation Environment to Help Combat Leading Edge Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Herring Robbie , Dyer Kirsten , Howkins Paul , Ward Carwyn
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Greater blade lengths and higher tip speeds, coupled with a harsh environment, has caused blade leading edge erosion to develop into a significant problem for the offshore wind industry. Current protection systems do not last the lifetime of the turbine and require regular replacement. It is important to understand the characteristics of the offshore environment to model and predict leading edge erosion. The offshore precipitation environment has been characterised using up to date measuring techniques. Heavy and violent rain was rare and is unlikely to be the sole driver of leading edge erosion. The dataset was compared to the most widely used droplet size distribution. It was found that this distribution did not fit the offshore data and that any lifetime predictions made using it are likely to be inaccurate. A general offshore droplet size distribution has been presented that can be used to improve lifetime predictions and reduce lost power production and unexpected turbine downtime.
The flow past a flatback airfoil with flow control devices: Benchmarking numerical simulations against wind tunnel data
Authors: Papadakis George , Manolesos Marinos
Published: February 2020

Abstract. As wind turbines grow larger, the use of flatback airfoils has become standard practice for the root region of the blades. Flatback profiles provide higher lift and reduced sensitivity to soiling at significantly higher drag values. A number of flow control devices has been proposed to improve the performance of flatback profiles. In the present study, the flow past a flatback airfoil at a chord Reynolds number of 1.5 × 106 with and without trailing edge flow control devices is considered. Two different numerical approaches are applied, Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations and Detached Eddy Simulations (DES). The computational predictions are compared to wind tunnel measurements to assess the suitability of each method. The effect of each flow control device on the flow is examined based on the DES results on the finer mesh. Results agree well with the experimental findings and show that a newly proposed flap device outperforms traditional solutions for flatback airfoils. In terms of numerical modelling, the more expensive DES approach is more suitable if the wake frequencies are of interest, but the simplest 2D RANS simulations can provide acceptable load predictions.
Narrativas da Pele: a Representação do Corpo e das Práticas Corporais na História Ocidental
Authors: Rinaldi Júlia Cabral , Silva Tarcisio Torres
Published: February 2020

Neste trabalho, observamos os diversos usos e significações de práticas corporais tais como a escarificação, flagelação e tatuagem ao longo da história ocidental. O intuito é identificar as relações entre os valores econômicos e sociais e as ações sobre o corpo. Notamos que noções como beleza e dor norteiam a corporeidade em sua relação com o espírito da época. Da mesma forma, auxiliam na compreensão dos estigmas criados em torno das modificações corporais e, por consequência, na ressignificação que tais práticas passam no mundo contemporâneo, contribuindo para a complexidade nas narrativas em torno do corpo modificado e midiatizado de hoje.
A construção mítica musical nas candidaturas de Lula à presidência
Authors: Panke Luciana , Milla Debora Cristina Alves da Cunha , Amarante Erivelto Diego do
Published: February 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo a investigação acerca do conceito de mito de Lula aplicado nos vídeos de campanha eleitoral. O objetivo é identificar à luz de Girardet (1987), quais elementos míticos foram atribuídos ao candidato. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva foi candidato à presidência pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) nos anos de 1989, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, e em 2018 (ano este, de uma tentativa de candidatura impugnada, na qual o ex-presidente se mantinha em cárcere). O corpus de análise é composto por um videoclipe de cada eleição. O resultado aponta que os jingles relacionam Lula ao mito, principalmente ao de herói, mas também o conecta aos outros três elementos que compõem a base para formação de um mito político: o da “idade de ouro”, da “conspiração” e da “unidade”.
Comunicação e Política: análise discursiva das narrativas construídas na eleição presidencial de 2018 no Brasil
Authors: Perin Caroline , Trevisol Marcio Giusti , Almeida Maria Pinto
Published: February 2020

O artigo apresenta a relação da comunicação com a política em sociedades democráticas, sobretudo, como as produções comunicacionais na atividade eleitoral são estrategicamente organizadas para atingir o eleitorado. O objeto da pesquisa é apontar quais foram as estratégias narrativas utilizadas pelos candidatos à presidência do Brasil, Fernando Haddad e Jair Bolsonaro, em seus programas eleitorais, no ano de 2018. A metodologia é exploratória, com a utilização da análise do discurso. O universo da pesquisa são os programas eleitorais produzidos por ambos os candidatos, entre os meses de agosto e outubro, os quais lideraram a corrida eleitoral. Pela análise empregada, é possível apontar que os candidatos utilizaram como narrativas discursos ideológicos alicerçados em valores, como: corrupção, felicidade, esperança, medo, etc. Em ambas as campanhas, é perceptível a universalização de ideais que pretendem reafirmar certas posturas sociais, de forma lacunar e de realidade invertida.
The Bunder Diamond Project, India: Geology, Geochemistry, and Age of the Saptarshi Lamproite Pipes
Authors: Das H. , Kobussen A. F. , Webb K. J. , Phillips D. , Maas R. , Soltys A. , Rayner M. J. , Howell D.
Published: February 2020

The Bunder diamond project comprises a cluster of seven known diamondiferous volcanic pipes and dikes known as the Saptarshi field. The largest of these is Atri, which comprises two adjacent coalesced volcanic pipes, Atri North and Atri South. This paper reports data that have been compiled into a new three-dimensional geologic model and, together with new geochemical and geochronological information, provides further insight on the internal geology, emplacement history, classification, and age of the Atri pipes. The range of texturally diverse geologic units within the Atri pipes suggests a complex emplacement history, with variations in eruption energy and source magmas identified. The steep-sided pipes were infilled by multiple phases of primary pyroclastic material as well as variably coherent material now locally preserved along the pipe margins. Atri North postdates Atri South and displays a marked change in both the locus and style of volcanic activity. Comparison between the Saptarshi intrusions and the Majhgawan and Hinota diamondiferous pipes (the only other known diamondiferous deposits on the craton) reveals similarities in the marginal cratonic setting, petrogenesis, and age of emplacement. The classification of the Atri pipes within the traditional kimberlite-orangeite-lamproite scheme is not possible due to conflicting discrimination evidence. The magmatic mineral assemblage of the Atri pipes (olivine, phlogopite, apatite, spinel, rutile/anatase, and ilmenite) is not diagnostic. The expanded dataset of phlogopite mineral chemistry has both lamproite and orangeite affinities, while the Sr and Nd systematics of the pyroclasts (87Sr/86Sr 0.7038–0.7048, εNd +1.6 to –1.8) are more consistent with archetypal kimberlites. Many of these characteristics are similar to those of the nearby Majhgawan and Hinota pipes. Consequently, these pipes are best classified as members of the alternative metasomatized lithospheric mantle magma group. Rb-Sr dating of phlogopite indicates a pipe emplacement age of 1079 (± 6) Ma, similar to published phlogopite ages from Majhgawan (1067–1084 Ma, recalculated).
Kinderbescherming over de grens
Authors: Vink Caroline
Published: February 2020

Child protection across the border. Lessons for the Netherlands and learning from Denmark?

In view of the recent problems arising from the decentralization of the Dutch youth care system, this article examines whether the Netherlands could learn from decentralization experiences in other countries. The author focuses on Denmark, where such decentralization took place fairly recently. In addition, elements of the organization of youth care in Germany and Norway are also discussed. It becomes clear that the Netherlands has a relatively complex system with many different organizations with overlapping tasks and powers. In the Netherlands, much attention is paid to control and risk management. In Denmark, on the other hand, there is much more confidence in the capacities of parents and children to find solutions. It is noticeable that in the vast majority of cases there is consensus between parents, child/youngster and care providers about how to deal with the problems. The most important lesson that the Netherlands can learn from abroad – and especially the Danes – is: invest in underlying values and principles and give professionals and families time, support and space.
Gezinsgericht werken in de gesloten residentiële jeugdhulp
Authors: Broekhoven Linde , Simons Inge , van Santvoort Floor
Published: February 2020

Family-oriented working in locked residential youth care

The importance of family-centered care in residential youth care is widely recognized in research, as well as in practice and policies. Involving parents in residential treatment is frequently associated with positive outcomes. However, applying a family-centered vision in the practice of residential youth care remains challenging. A program for family-centered care is developed by the Academic Workplace for Risk Youth (AWRJ). The program emphasizes the importance of involving parents from the start of the placement. Parents should be informed about family activities in the institution. Professionals treat parents as ‘experts’ concerning their child and involve them in decisions. Furthermore, parents are asked about their needs and supported for participation. Another important part of the program is the possibility to start systemic therapy during placement and continuing the therapy when the youth returns home. This article also discusses how to overcome barriers in involving parents and how this program can be implemented successfully.
Teacher, speak slang! – language as the basic tool of the teacher's work
Authors: Miałkowska-Kozaryna Milena
Published: February 2020

Language is the basic tool for the teacher's work. Meanwhile, pedagogues often forget that this tool becomes obsolete, just like the knowledge they pass on in class. The article is an attempt to draw attention to the need to learn the language spoken by young people. Thanks to this, teachers can often understand the student's statement, and thus – take appropriate intervention. It is necessary to know everyday expressions, know what the abbreviations used in text messages mean, and above all be sensitive to phrases that may indicate pathological behaviour. The article contains a few examples of words whose meaning is worth knowing when working with young people.
Educational potential of picture books on the example of language and reading workshops as part of the “ZA PROGIEM – wyprawy odkrywców project
Authors: Centner-Guz Małgorzata
Published: February 2020

The study is an analysis of picture books used during the “Słowami o obrazach – obrazem o słowach” [en. Words about pictures – picture about words] workshops, carried out within the Power project: “ZA PROGIEM – wyprawy odkrywców by the Department of Pre-school Pedagogy of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin and a report on their course. Attempts were made to show the importance of picture books in shaping children's readership, but also to illustrate how to use picture books in didactic and educational activities related to the development of language, intellectual and visual competences of children. The study also aims to prove that book art is a fascinating area for children, and used in a thoughtful way by the teacher, can become an expression of the real participation of children in high culture, especially reading culture.
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Adaptação transcultural do instrumento para exame do pé diabético em 3 minutos
Authors: Baldassaris Maria Luiza Rennó Moreira , Martínez Beatriz Bertolaccini
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O “How to do a 3-minute diabetic foot exam”, elaborado por Armstrong et al foi projetado para fornecer aos profissionais de saúde uma forma aprofundada, resumida e facilmente aplicável para avaliar os pés do paciente diabético na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Objetivo: Traduzir para a língua portuguesa, adaptar ao contexto cultural brasileiro e testar as propriedades de medidas deste instrumento. Métodos: Seguindo orientação padrão da literatura, o instrumento foi traduzido para o português, adaptado culturalmente e testado em relação à reprodutibilidade, validade de face, conteúdo e construto. Nas etapas de adaptação cultural e validação foram entrevistados 30 profissionais de saúde e 60 pacientes, respectivamente. Resultados: O instrumento foi adaptado ao contexto linguístico e cultural da população mantendo todas as características essenciais do instrumento original em Inglês e sendo preservadas as equivalências idiomática, semântica, conceitual e cultural. Todos os itens do instrumento apresentaram concordância calculado pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) > 0,9. O α de Cronbach foi de 0,67. O Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse interobservador foi de 0,73 (IC95%:0,58-0,85) e intraobservador foi de 0,65 (IC95%: 0,45-0,81), demostrando uma reprodutibilidade satisfatória. O instrumento e o teste do monofilamento apresentaram correlação positiva com significância estatística (ρ = 0,41; p <0,01). Conclusão: Este trabalho traduziu para a língua portuguesa, adaptou ao contexto cultural brasileiro e testou as propriedades de medidas do instrumento americano: “How to do a 3-minute diabetic foot exam”.
Dynamic Behaviour Analysis of Optical Linear Encoder under Mechanical Vibrations
Authors: Gurauskis Donatas , Kilikevičius Artūras
Published: February 2020

Mechanical vibrations are probably inevitable and occur in more or less all machine tools and other technological equipment. In case the linear encoder is used for moveable parts positioning in such machines, vibrations could cause additional errors. This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of the optical linear encoder under mechanical vibrations. Potentially the most harmful frequencies are determined experimentally, and the corresponding mode shapes are simulated by using finite element method (FEM). Obtained results describe tested encoder`s construction dynamic response to external excitation and could be used to improve its design.
Lightweight Design of a Rear Axle Connection Bracket for a Heavy Commercial Vehicle by Using Topology Optimisation: A Case Study
Authors: TOPAÇ Mehmet Murat , KARACA Merve , AKSOY Birkan , DERYAL Uğur , BİLAL Levent
Published: February 2020

An important design challenge of modern vehicles is mass reduction. Hence in many cases, mechanical design of vehicle components covers different optimization processes. One important structural optimization technique which is highly utilised in weight reduction applications is the topology optimization. This paper contains a multi-stage optimization based on the topology and design optimizations. During this study, the mechanical design of a rear axle-chassis connection bracket is achieved. First of all, the design load of the bracket was determined through a multibody dynamics analysis. This load case was determined among various driving conditions and the most critical load case was indicated as the design load of the bracket. This process was executed by using Adams/Car™ software. Subsequently, a design volume for the bracket was decided, which specifies the domain of topology optimization that will be employed later on. The determination of the design domain was made by considering the structural position of the design component, the neighbor components of the rear axle and the chassis. In this manner, the basic shape and dimensions of the bracket were created. The unnecessary volume of the draft design, which is not properly loaded under the design conditions was determined and removed from the design by means of topology optimization. The topology optimization was run in topology optimization module of ANSYS® Workbench 18.2 finite element analysis (FEA) software package. In the light of the primary shape obtained from the topology optimization study, a producible initial design model was built. This model was then subjected to FE analysis under the same circumstances with the draft model, in order to perform strength and deformation assessments of the initial design. Correspondingly, the critical regions were determined where stress concentrations were observed. The model was updated in a way that the stress values were reduced in these regions through the response surface methodology (RSM). The comparisons between the result and the initial geometries reveal that the mass of the connection bracket was reduced by 63%. Besides, the total deformation which was dropped by the design optimization is 13% lower than the initial design that was generated with the influence of topology optimization result.
Optimal Design for the Structure Parameters of Long Raster Engraving Air-floating Platform
Authors: Mo Deyun
Published: February 2020

Air-floating platform is the core component of long raster engraving system. In order to design an air-floating platform to greatly meet the demands of long raster engraving, this paper, based on the validation of simulation model accuracy by test platform, proposes a three-dimension finite element model about gas film, and investigates the influence of the gas film thickness, air pressure and width of bottom guideway on the loaded capacity and air consumption by orthogonal test method. Then the best design plan of air-floating platform structure was determined by range analysis method. The results showed that air film thickness H=0.02 mm, gas supply pressure Ps=0.15 MPa, width of bottom guideway Bx=140 mm, the loading capacity of single-sided guideway is about 3177 N, its air consumption is 191487 mm3/s. Hence, this plan can not only meet the requirements of the loading capacity but also reduce air consumption of air-floating platform so as to provide a basis for optimum structure design about air-floating platform.
Investigation of vibroactivity of the mechanical equipment aiming to reduce emitting noise
Authors: Mikalauskas Robertas
Published: February 2020

At present, the noise problem is already widely discussed and identified as a priority to ensure human health and the prevention of occupational diseases. We understand acoustic field management as a targeted use of actions and tools to change field parameters or characteristics. In general, the most effective effects on the fields are the elimination of their generation conditions. In this work the vibration analysis of the recuperators was performed, the limits of the vibration parameters were determined and the correlation between the vibration activity of the device and the sound pressure level in the near environment was determined. After the design of the fan partitions and the airflow excitation of the fans with respect to vibration parameters, it was found that the above mentioned structural changes allowed to reduce the average total weighted sound pressure level in the vicinity by 8%.
Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Villarán Alonso ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

What is a conflict of interest? What is morally problematic about one? Beginning with the definition, this paper organizes the core (philosophical) literature and creates two continuums—one devoted to the more specific definition of ‘interest,’ and the other to that of ‘duty’ (two elements that belong to the definition of conflicts of interest and over which the debate revolves). Each continuum places the authors according to the narrowness or broadness of their positions, which facilitates the understanding of the debate as well as what is at stake when defining conflicts of interest. The paper then develops a moral analysis that leads to the sought-for definition and to an explanation of why we should treat conflicts of interest carefully. While doing so, the paper discloses the criterion to judge whether a definition is right and presents the duties that makes conflicts of interest special as ‘tertiary’ duties of morality.
PUBLICATIONS
Authors: Library Association American
Published: February 2020

Publications
WHCLIS: Using White House Conference recommendations
Authors: Wand Patricia A. , Cochrane Lynn Scott
Published: February 2020

WHCLIS: Using White House Conference recommendations
Standards for faculty status for college and university librarians
Authors: Library Association American
Published: February 2020

Standards for faculty status for college and university librarians
Job of a Lifetime: Observations of an observatory librarian
Authors: Mizzy Danianne
Published: February 2020

Job of a Lifetime: Observations of an observatory librarian
African Diasporic Choices
Authors: Omilade Flewellen Ayana
Published: February 2020

The year 2017 marked the centennial transfer of the Virgin Islands from Denmark to the United States. In light of this commemoration, topics related to representations of the past, and the preservation of heritage in the present -- entangled with the residuum of Danish colonialism and the lasting impact of U.S. neo-imperial rule -- are at the forefront of public dialogue on both sides of the Atlantic. Archaeological and archival research adds historical depth to these conversations, providing new insights into the lived experiences of Afro-Crucians from enslavement through post-emancipation. However, these two sources of primary historical data (i.e., material culture and documentary evidence) are not without their limitations. This article draws on Black feminist and post-colonial theoretical frameworks to interrogate the historicity of archaeological and archival records. Preliminary archaeological and archival work ongoing at the Estate Little Princess, an 18th-century former Danish sugar plantation on the island of St. Croix, provides the backdrop through which the potentiality of archaeological and documentary data are explored. Research questions centered on exploring sartorial practices of self-making engaged by Afro-Crucians from slavery through freedom are used to illuminate spaces of tension as well as productive encounters between the archaeological and archival records.
Decoding Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystems (EEE): A Cross-European Study in Primary, Secondary Schools and Vocational Training
Authors: Toutain Olivier , Mueller Sabine , Bornard Fabienne
Published: February 2020

This article studies entrepreneurship education as a living ecosystem, on the basis of the ecological metaphor. It contributes to a multidimensional model to analyse Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystems (EEE). This model contains six key dimensions, extracted from the literature review: a/the learning framework; b/networks, connections and relational proximity; c/entrepreneurial culture; d/pedagogical solutions; e/learning spaces and materials; and f/the motivation of its actors. Based on these dimensions, we analyse nine case studies (53 interviews) of best practice programmes across schools in Spain, Germany and Finland to understand how the single actors experience their ecosystem at individual and collective levels.
Le portrait de la monomanie : rencontres de subjectivités
Authors: Jubinville Ginette
Published: February 2020

This article considers the possible influences of the physiognomic studies on the Romantic portrait, using as paradigms Géricault’s Portraits de Monomanes. Painted during the period of the very beginning of French psychiatry, at a time when this new discipline began to recognize the presence of the subject in the madman, these works question the dialogue engaged between art and psychiatry, between insanity and reason, between the visibility and invisibility of madness on human features. In considering this crossed gaze on the insane thus engendered, this article delves specifically into two facets of this duality. First, it examines the development of medico-legal psychiatry, in favour of which the alienist Jean-Étienne Georget—presumed owner of the Monomanes—had actively worked in an effort to impose his discipline as the only one able to recognize the invisible marks of mental illness. Second, it considers a series of works commissioned by the alienist Jean-Étienne-Dominique Esquirol from two artists: Georges-François-Marie Gabriel and Ambroise Tardieu. It is argued that these works, as for Géricault’s Monomanes, individualize the insane in the early nineteenth century and acquire a characteristic specific to the genre of portraiture: recognition and commemoration of a subject.
Transparent Listening: Soundscape Composition’s Objects of Study
Authors: Akiyama Mitchell
Published: February 2020

Sous l’impulsion du Canadien R. Murray Schafer et du World Soundscape Project basé à Vancouver, l’éclosion de la composition de paysage sonore au début des années 1970 a clairement annoncé qu’un vent nouveau soufflait sur les différentes façons d’utiliser le son enregistré. Les premiers compositeurs qui se servaient de sons bruts pour leurs créations l’avaient fait en se donnant pour la plupart beaucoup de peine pour camoufler leurs sources. La création de paysage sonore mettait quant à elle l’accent sur la qualité représentative du son enregistré et ses praticiens sont partis du principe que leurs enregistrements établissaient des liens essentiels, indiciels, avec les lieux qu’ils captaient et s’appropriaient. Si la forme qu’ils empruntent est clairement d’ordre esthétique, elle est aussi l’héritière d’une longue tradition dans laquelle les techniques de représentation organisent le monde par le biais de la juxtaposition et de la comparaison. Les paysagistes sonores ont systématiquement archivé les sons prélevés dans des lieux déterminés en les présentant dans leurs travaux comme des quantités distinctes et comparables. De même, la « vue », apparue aux débuts de la photographie, s’est réclamée d’un régime de représentation tourné vers la science qui tentait de classifier le monde tout en l’esthétisant. C’est précisément ce double appel à la puissance esthétique et à la rationalité scientifique qui a permis à la composition de paysage sonore de s’affirmer à la fois comme forme de production artistique et comme instrument d’éducation et d’activisme environnemental.
John Sanderson, Alexis de Tocqueville et Jules Janin
Authors: Campangne Hervé-Thomas
Published: February 2020

En juin 1835, l’écrivain américain John Sanderson partit pour la France, où il séjourna jusqu’en mai 1836. Rentré à Philadelphie, il publia un livre intitulé Sketches of Paris: In Familiar Letters to His Friends by an American Gentleman. L’ouvrage fut accueilli avec beaucoup d’enthousiasme des deux côtés de l’Atlantique : imprimé à Philadelphie en 1838, il fut également édité à Londres la même année sous le titre The American in Paris. Le romancier Jules Janin donna quelques années plus tard une adaptation française de ce livre à succès. En étudiant les Sketches of Paris, nous avons voulu montrer de quelles manières le point de vue de Sanderson se définit comme celui d’un auteur qui incarne la démocratie américaine telle que la décrit Alexis de Tocqueville dans son célèbre ouvrage publié en 1835 et 1840. Car l’égalité des conditions, la décentralisation, la participation de tous à la vie politique, la mobilité sociale, la séparation des pouvoirs, l’influence du commerce et de l’industrie constituent le prisme au travers duquel le voyageur américain observe et tente de comprendre la société française des années 1830. La seconde partie de notre analyse porte sur l’adaptation française des Sketches donnée par Jules Janin dans Un hiver à Paris (1843), puis dans L’été à Paris (1844). Adaptation très libre et non traduction, contrairement à ce que Janin voudrait faire croire à ses lecteurs, puisque le texte de Sanderson subit d’étonnantes métamorphoses sous la plume de l’écrivain français. Au point de vue très critique de l’auteur des Sketches, Janin substitue celui d’un enthousiaste « Yankee », d’un « La Bruyère américain » tout acquis à la grandeur de la monarchie de Juillet et aux charmes de la culture française. Autour de la rédaction et de la fortune des Sketches of Paris se profile un transfert culturel, littéraire et politique inattendu : afin de montrer que la monarchie de Juillet constitue l’aboutissement triomphal de toute l’histoire de France, un écrivain français – qui sera élu à l’Académie française au fauteuil de Sainte-Beuve en 1870 – s’approprie l’oeuvre d’un auteur américain qui dépeint la société française à l’aune des principes de la jeune démocratie américaine.
Intervenir auprès des enfants exposés à la violence conjugale : l’exemple de Carrefour pour femmes
Authors: Latour Geneviève L.
Published: February 2020

Les enfants exposés à la violence conjugale ne sont pas tous affectés de la même façon et avec la même intensité. C’est pourquoi à Carrefour pour femmes, une maison de transition pour femmes et enfants victimes de violence familiale dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick, nous avons adopté une approche d’intervention novatrice pour soutenir les enfants qui y résident. Notre programme de soutien aux enfants est adapté aux besoins de chacune ou de chacun. En plus d’une programmation régulière pour les enfants et pour les mères, les intervenantes rencontrent les enfants individuellement afin d’offrir de la thérapie par l’entremise du jeu, des sens et des arts.