bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Using Smartphone to Interesting Learning and GPA in Students at Physics Education Department
Authors: Suwa Anggini Mutia , Halim A , Zainuddin Zainuddin
Published: January 2022

Research using a quantitative descriptive approach aims to determine the effect of smartphone usage on learning interest and GPA of Physics Education students at Universitas Syiah Kuala. The samples in this study were all physics students in academic year 2016 and 2017. Data collection was obtained by using a questionnaire for smartphone usage and interest in learning, while documentation for student GPA. Data processing using percentage analysis and multiple linear regression test. The results of the statistical test show that there was an influence of the use of smartphones on student interest and GPA. It was obtained that the calculated rcount was greater than rtable that was equal to 17.38. Keywords: Influence, Smartphone Usage, Interests and GPA
The Effort To Improve Critical Thinking SKILLS In Physics Learning Through Project Based Learning Model
Authors: Halmaida Halmaida , Mahzum Elmi , Susanna Susanna
Published: January 2022

Students’ critical thinking skill of class X MIA-1 in SMAN 2 Bukit is very low. There is the effort to improve critical thinking of students applying Project Based Learning model (PjBL). The purpose of this research is to determine whether there is an enhancement in students’ critical thinking skills using the Project Based Learning model. This research is Classroom Action Research which was carried out as many as III cycles. The subjects in this research were all students of Class X MIA-1 in SMAN 2 Bukit, consisted of 16 students. The instrument used to collect the data was tests including pre-test, post-test, teacher and student activity sheets, and observation sheets of learning management using Project Based Learning model. The results showed that students’ critical thinking skill when Project Based Learning model applied was better than the learning which was not using The Project Based Learning model. It happened because using Project Based Learning model, the students played a role actively as learning center were given an issue in the project then they were asked to solve it.
Development of Student Worksheets Based on a Scientific Approach using the Group Investigation Model
Authors: Warno Soewarno , Rahmah Siti , Ngadimin Ngadimin , Halim Abdul
Published: January 2022

This study aims to obtain student worksheets based on a scientific approach using the group investigation model that is feasible to apply to collision topic in High School. The research model used in this study refers to the ADDIE development model, namely: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation and 5) Evaluation. The feasibility of student’s worksheets (SW) is measured by the results of SW validation, student learning outcomes and student response questionnaires. The SW is assessed by a team of experts. The overall results of the SW validation showed an average score of 4 was included in the good category. After the implementation of SW the learning outcomes have increased, namely the overall average of students is in the medium category and the average result of the overall response of students shows a score of 4 which is included in the agreed category Based on the three measurements of the feasibility of the SW, it shows that the SW is feasible to be applied in learning.
The Implementation of Problem Based Instruction Model to Improve Problem Solving Ability on Mechanical Wave Material at SMA Negeri 3 Banda Aceh
Authors: Suryawati Sri
Published: January 2022

The research objectives were (1) to determine the increase in problem-solving abilities using the problem-based instruction model for class XI-MIPA-7 students on mechanical wave material at SMA Negeri 3 Banda Aceh, (2) to describe the activities of teachers and students in learning mechanical wave material using the problem-based instruction model for class XI-MIPA-7 SMA Negeri 3 Banda Aceh, and (3) to find out the response of XI-MIPA-7 students of SMA Negeri 3 Banda Aceh after using the problem-based instruction model. This study used a classroom action research method. The research subjects were 34 students of XI-MIPA-7 SMA Negeri 3 Banda Aceh. Data analysis using percentage techniques. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded as follows: (a) there is an increase in student learning outcomes in solving problems by applying the problem-based instruction model. The class average score in cycle 1 meeting 1 was 71.47 with 58.2% completeness, while in cycle 1 meeting 2 increased to 82.5 with completeness 82.35%. And in cycle II the class average value is 85 with completeness of 94.11%; (b) teacher and student activities have increased in each cycle, an increase in the ability of teachers to manage to learn from moderate to very good categories, and (c) student responses tend to be positive. So, it can be said that the problem-based instruction model can be used to improve the ability to solve mechanical wave material problems in class XI-MIPA-7 at SMA Negeri 3 Banda Aceh.
The REACT-Based Contextual Learning Model And Mastering The Concept Of Physics In High School Students
Authors: Hamid Abdul
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the REACT-based contextual learning model on the mastery of physics concepts in high school students. This study used a Quasi Experimental research model with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study population was all students of class XI MIA SMA Negeri Samadua, South Aceh Regency which consisted of two classes. Both classes were used as research samples by forming an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group is a class that uses a REACT-based contextual learning model in physics learning, while the control group is a class that uses a conventional learning model through the lecture method. The instruments used were RPP, LKPD and test questions. The pretest and posttest in this study were used to measure the students' initial and final abilities in physics. The data analysis technique used is the t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results of hypothesis testing obtained tcount (2.13) ttable (1.68), meaning that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. These results interpreted that there was a significant influence on the REACT-based contextual learning model on the mastery of physics concepts for students of class XI MIA SMA Samadua, South Aceh Regency.
Students’ Attitude to Social Media in Distance Education: Implications for Quality Instructional Delivery in Physics
Authors: Apata Funke Susan
Published: January 2022

This study examined students’ attitudes to social media (SM) at the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) and its implications for quality instructional delivery in physics. The stratified random sampling technique selects the sample size of 640 students that form the representatives from each faculty viz; Arts, Education, Management Sciences, and Science Technology. The number of social media used for the study is twenty-nine in number. The eclectic integration of instruments developed by researchers made the instruments whose reliability and validity were determined. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Research questions were analysed using descriptive statistics, while ANOVA and t-test analysis was for the hypotheses. Results showed that the attitude of students towards SM was above average (71.66 %). The mean attitudes of female students (67.81) towards SM were higher than their male (62.31) counterparts. The most known social media is Facebook (90%). Findings on DL students’ attitudes in different fields of the study showed no significant difference (p0.05). Students from the faculties of Education and Science Technology scored the highest mean value in attitude to SM. However, the faculty of Management Sciences recorded the lowest attitude to SM. The recommendation was that e-learning oriented programmes that promote attitudes to social media should be in the curriculum. It concluded that positive attitudes recorded by students to social media in Education and Science could leverage transformation in the instructional delivery of physics. Also, a higher mean value for the female students portends better performance for female students in physics. It recommends social medial driven activities to the school curriculum for enhancing instructional physics delivery in distance education.
Development of e-Module in Physics Lessons Based on Problem Based Learning
Authors: Ngadimin Ngadimin , Suwardi Pratiwi Jasmine , Herliana Fitria , Rizal Syamsul , Musdar Musdar
Published: January 2022

The goal of this study is to develop problem-based learning e-modules that can be used in the teaching and learning process. Research is development research, or RnD (Research and Development), using a 4-D model as a development model (define, design, develop, and dessimate). Students in class X MIPA 2 at SMAN 1 Tangse, a total of 30 participants, were the subjects of this study. These research steps begin with learners receiving a posttest, followed by learners receiving a response questionnaire and posttest questions to determine their level of understanding. After receiving electronics modules, learners are given a response questionnaire and posttest questions to determine their level of understanding. Material and media specialists' validation results fall into the decent and very decent categories, respectively, with percentages of 84.85 and 78.4. The average reaction of learners and teachers is similarly high, indicating that the electronics module is appropriate for use in education. With an average N-Gain value of 0.6, there are 13 people in the high N-Gain category, 15 people in the medium N-Gain category, and 2 people in the low N-Gain category. The N-Gain understanding of learners experiencing an increase in material understanding of momentum and impulses by employing electronics module. Electronics module can be observed in the results.
Positive Identification on the Skull From Colonial Era in Balai Pemuda, Surabaya
Authors: Suhendra Nfn , Adhinugroho Bagaskara , Abdillah Yusuf Bilal , Wisnuyana Biandro , Maulana Ali Akbar , Mahardika Bayoghanta Maulana , Andrian Rizky Nur , Putri Rizky Sugianto , Murti Delta Bayu , Koesbardiati Toetik
Published: January 2022

Dua tengkorak manusia ditemukan saat pembangunan ruang bawah tanah pada 30 November 2016 hingga 1 Desember 2016, di Balai Pemuda, Surabaya, salah satu bangunan peninggalan masa kolonial di Indonesia. Penemuan dua tengkorak menimbulkan pertanyaan, seperti identitas dan konteks keberadaannya. Kedua tengkorak tersebut diberi kode identitas tengkorak 160689 dan tengkorak 160690. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap identitas tengkorak 160689 dan tengkorak 160690 berdasarkan prosedur identifikasi positif antropologi forensik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode prosedur identifikasi antropologi forensik. Metode ini diterapkan secara berurutan, pertama umur, kedua jenis kelamin, ketiga afiliasi populasi, keempat tinggi badan, dan terakhir karakteristik individu. Menariknya, karakteristik individu tengkorak 160690 ditemukan sejumlah bukti berbeda yang menjelaskan identitasnya, yaitu, modifikasi gigi, jejak penyakit, dan bentuk kepala asimetris. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi positif pada tengkorak 160689 dan tengkorak 160690 menunjukkan bahwa kedua tengkorak tersebut berjenis kelamin perempuan dan berafiliasi dengan populasi ras Mongoloid. Terakhir, karakteristik individu dan deformasi pada daerah oksipital mengindikasikan deformasi yang tidak disengaja yang disebabkan oleh tekanan terus menerus pada sisi kiri daerah oksipital. Plagiocephaly bisa jadi akibat dari posisi tidur yang salah selama masa kanak-kanak.

Two human skulls were found during basement construction from November 30th, 2016, to December 1st, 2016, in Balai Pemuda, Surabaya, one of Indonesia's colonial-era buildings. The discovery of two skulls raised questions, such as the identity and its context of existence. Both skulls were coded as skull 160689 and 160690. This research aimed to reveal the identity of skull 160689 and 160690 based on the positive identification procedure of forensic anthropology. This research applies the method of the forensic anthropology identification procedure. This method was used sequentially, firstly age, secondly gender, thirdly population affiliation, fourthly stature, and lastly, individual characteristics. Interestingly, the individual characteristics of skull 160690 have distinct evidence for explaining its identity, for instance, dental modification, disease markers, and asymmetrical head shape. Based on the positive identification results on skull 160689 and 160690 showed both skulls were female and affiliated with Mongoloid population. At last, individual characteristics and deformation on the occipital area were indicated as an unintentional deformation caused by pressure continuously on the left side of the occipital area. Plagiocephaly could be a result of incorrect sleeping position during childhood.
Análise dos casos suspeitos da Covid-19 nos pacientes em programa de diálise ambulatorial
Authors: Machado Natália Melazo Mendonça , Viana Vinícius Cortês , Penha Paula Gabriella Costa da
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Analisar os casos suspeitos da Covid-19 em pacientes em um programa de tratamento de diálise ambulatorial do setor de nefrologia em um hospital na região metropolitana do estado do Pará. Métodos: Foram avaliados 36 pacientes considerados suspeitos de infecção pelo Covid-19 através de dados extraídos da tabela elaborada para controle interno dos casos. Resultados: Em quase 60% dos pacientes o resultado do RT-PCR para Covid-19 foi positivo. Vinte pacientes eram do sexo feminino, com faixa etária predominante acima dos 70 anos. A dispneia e coriza foram os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes encontrados nos pacientes positivos e, dentre estes, 70% apresentaram alterações tomográficas de tórax. A maioria dos pacientes necessitou de internação hospitalar para o tratamento e evoluíram com melhora clínica seguida de alta. Conclusão: A prevalência de Covid foi alta no grupo estudado, sendo a idade avançada um possível fator de risco. Apesar de ser uma doença sistêmica, o acometimento respiratório é uma das principais características observadas com a presença de dispneia e coriza, além de alterações tomográficas. A necessidade de tratamento intra-hospitalar do grupo reforça sua susceptibilidade a quadros mais graves do enfermo.
Key stakeholders’ perspectives on prioritization of services for chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in Tanzania and Sudan: Implications in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Shayo Elizabeth Henry , Egere Uzochukwu , Mpagama Stella , Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Ishengoma Lilian , El Sony Asma , Tolhurst Rachel , Ardrey Jane , Taegtmeyer Miriam , Jeremiah Chakaya , Mortimer Kevin , Wingfield Tom , Chinouya Martha
Published: January 2022

Key Messages

Despite significant morbidity and mortality and socioeconomic consequences, chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are underprioritized in public health programs, especially in low-and middle income countries (LMICs)

COVID-19 is compounding this lack of prioritization and negatively impacting CRD-related (and other) health-care access, diagnosis, and management

Risk factors for exposure to untreated COVID-19, other respiratory infections, and CRDs overlap and could be addressed in concert

Prioritization of COVID-19 within the health system is likely to last for years, potentially allowing advocates to reframe the prioritization of CRDs as part of the pandemic preparedness and integration of health care. This includes advocating for approaches that integrate CRDs into existing programs and services systems strengthening.
Sektörel Doğalgaz Tüketiminin Türkiye’nin GSYİH Gelişimine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Fatih Can
Published: January 2022

Enerji ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin mevcudiyete ve yönüne ilişkin çalışmalar son yıllarda artış göstermiştir. Özellikle sınırlı enerji kaynaklarının doğru alanlarda değerlendirilmesi ile enerji güvenliğinin sağlanabilmesi açısından enerjinin doğru kullanımı önemlidir. Bu çalışma ise enerji ve özelinde doğalgaza ilişkin literatürde yer alan teorik bilgileri vermekte, Türkiye açısından sektörlerin doğalgaz tüketiminin ekonomik büyümeye etkisini incelemektedir. 1987-2019 yılları arası sanayi sektörü ile konut ve hizmetler sektörünün doğalgaz tüketimlerinin, yine aynı tarihler arasındaki GSYİH gelişimi arasındaki ilişki grafik ortamında incelendiğinde sektörlerin doğalgaz tüketimleriyle, GSYİH arasında uyumlu bir trend gözlenmektedir.
Anaakım İktisadın Bazı Açmazları
Authors: DURMUŞ Mustafa
Published: January 2022

İktisat bilimini fizik ya da kimya gibi fen bilimleri kadar kesin sonuçlar üretebilmemizi sağlayabilecek bir bilim olarak kabul etmek doğru değildir. Ayrıca onun mevcut sınıfsal çatışmaların üzerinde şekillenen ideolojilerden ya da kapitalist toplumun verili değer yargılarından veya kapitalist sisteme karşı alternatifler üreten toplumsal değer yargılarından bağımsız bir sosyal bilim olduğunu ileri sürmek de yanıltıcı olabilir. İşin aslı gerçek dünyadaki yoğun emek sömürüsünden ve devasa boyutlara erişen gelir ve servet eşitsizliğinden kaynaklanan başta yoksulluk ve açlık gibi temel sorunların böyle sistemik nedenleri görmezden gelinmektedir. Keza kapitalist üretim ve tüketim tarzının doğa üzerinde yarattığı başta küresel ısınma ve iklim yıkımı gibi gerçekler veya bireysel çıkarların büyük ölçüde sosyal ilişkilerce belirlendiğine ilişkin saptamalar değer yargısı içerdiği, dolayısıyla da etik ile ilgili konular olduğu gerekçesiyle reddedilmektedir. Bu makalede sırasıyla; anaakım iktisat anlayışının metafizik ve tarihsel maddeci düşünce biçimi, burjuvazinin sınıfsal çıkarları ve sistemin egemen ideolojileri, soyut varsayımlar ve modeller ve dinsel inançlarla ilişkisi ele alınmaktadır.
Birincil Sektör Olarak Tarımın Dış Ticaretteki Stratejik Rolü
Authors: EKİCİ Merve , TUTAR Filiz
Published: January 2022

Tarım, geçmişten günümüze faaliyet gösteren en eski sektörlerden biridir. Sektörde üretim faktörlerinin rasyonel kullanımının gerçekleşmesiyle, bitkisel ve hayvansal malların işlenmesi ve katma değerli ürünler haline gelmesi sağlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu faaliyetten ticari bir kazanç elde edilerek hem aile hem de ülke ekonomisi canlanmaktadır. Tarım sektörünün sanayiye hammadde ve sermaye sağlaması, nüfusun bir bölümünü istihdam etmesi ve beslenmesi gibi katkıları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tarımsal politikalara ve bu politikaların üretimde verimliliğe sunduğu katkılara yer verilerek, sektörün dış ticaretteki stratejik önemi vurgulanmıştır.
De l’Ourthe primitive à la Meuse primitive en Basse-Meuse liégeoise
Authors: Juvigné Étienne , Houbrechts Geoffrey , Campenhout Jean Van
Published: January 2022

Les dépôts graveleux qui tapissent les plateaux et les replats élevés autour de Liège font l’objet d’une étude sédimentologique, mise en rapport avec l’état des connaissances en matière de stratigraphie de l’Oligocène et du soulèvement/basculement du flanc NO de l’Ardenne. Le présent article rapporte les généralités et les données de terrain et de laboratoire qui ont conduit à construire un modèle inédit de l’évolution morpho-sédimentaire du réseau hydrographique de l’Ourthe et de la Meuse dans la zone de leur confluence actuelle. L’interprétation de ces données et le modèle qui en découle sont exposés dans l’article qui suit dans la présente revue.
Minéralogie de la carrière de la Flèche de Bertrix
Authors: Blondieau Michel , Hatert Frédéric , Puccio Stéphane , Bruni Yannick , Depret Martin
Published: January 2022

La carrière de la Flèche de Bertrix est située dans la zone métamorphique de « Bastogne-Libramont » et expose des roches métamorphiques dans lesquelles se rencontrent des grenats, de l'ilménite et des plagioclases, notamment. De nombreuses autres espèces minérales formées lors d’une phase rétrograde du métamorphisme sont observées dans les diaclases de ces roches. On y recense notamment la prehnite, 7 espèces de zéolites, des minéraux de terres rares (4 carbonates et 1 arséniate), ainsi que la pumpellyite-(Al), espèce dont la localité-type est ce gisement. La présente étude a permis de mettre en évidence 7 espèces nouvelles pour Bertrix, parmi lesquelles 5 sont observées pour la première fois dans notre pays (agardite-(Y), analcime, asbolane, calcioancylite-(Nd), clinoclase, heulandite-Ca, stellerite).
Étude ethnobotanique et inventaire des plantes médicinales dans la région de Bougous
Authors: Lazli Amel , Beldi Moncef , Ghouri Leila , Nouri Nour El Houda
Published: January 2022

De nos jours, malgré le développement de la chimie de synthèse, l’utilisation des plantes médicinales a conservé une large place du fait de leur efficacité dans diverses procédures thérapeutiques. Actuellement, leur utilisation occupe une place primordiale dans la vie de l’homme. En effet, les connaissances ancestrales sont transmises de générations en générations, permettant ainsi la conservation de ce savoir. L’objectif du travail mené a été de dresser d’une part un inventaire floristique de la région de Bougous, tout en mettant l’accent sur les plantes médicinales de cette zone rurale, et d’autre part de mener des enquêtes ethnobotaniques auprès de sa population. À la suite de notre travail, nous avons inventorié 164 espèces de plantes appartenant à 58 familles et 124 genres, dont 48 espèces médicinales spontanées, parmi-elles 25 possèdent des propriétés thérapeutiques méconnues des riverains. L’analyse des 237 enquêtes ethnobotaniques réalisées fait apparaitre 39 espèces médicinales connues et utilisées par les habitants de la région et indique que les feuilles préparées en décoction sont les parties de la plante les plus utilisées dans le traitement de troubles digestifs et métaboliques ainsi que des affections cutanées.
Geochemical Analysis of Lilida geothermal spring
Authors: LUSE Basile Belanganayi , MAKONGA Augustin Monga
Published: January 2022

Une étude géochimique a été effectuée sur l’eau d’une source géothermale appelé Lilida, située dans la province de l’Ituri, dans la partie nord-est de de la République Démocratique du Congo. Ses objectifs étaient de définir le faciès chimique de ladite eau, de déterminer la nature lithologique de son réservoir et d’estimer la température qu’elle possède dans son réservoir. Les échantillons d’eau ont été prélevés au mois de février de l’année 2017 et soumis à des analyses chimiques et physiques. En plus, les diagrammes de D’Amore et al. (1983), de Giggenbach (1991) et de Piper (1944) ont été élaborés pour obtenir la classification de cette eau thermale. Au terme de cette étude, l’eau de la source Lilida s’est révélée du type bicarbonaté calcosodique. Son facies géochimique étant pour les cations Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ et pour les anions HCO3->SO4=>Cl-. Il s’est avéré que son réservoir était une formation argileuse peu profonde contenant certainement des calcaires dolomitiques et des dérivées des flyschs ou « volcanites ». L’application de la géothermométrie a révélé que l’eau étudiée aurait, dans son réservoir, une température de 45,7 °C. En tant que telle, elle ne peut faire objet que d’une exploitation géothermique basse énergie.
Proceedings of the 2nd BINA workshop: BINA as an expanding international collaboration
Authors: De Cat Peter , Lampens Patricia , Joshi Santosh , De Becker Michaël , Jorissen Alain
Published: January 2022

The Belgo-Indian Network for Astronomy & astrophysics (BINA) was initiated in 2014 to stimulate Belgian and Indian astronomers to collaborate on projects that are based on observations with the Indo-Belgian telescopes and other telescopes of interest. After the successful event of the 1st BINA workshop that took place in Nainital (India) in November 2016, the 2nd BINA workshop was held in Brussels (Belgium) in October 2018 to promote this network as an expanding international collaboration. In this paper, a detailed overview of this event is presented as an introduction to the proceedings containing 39 additional papers corresponding to presentations that were given at the 2nd BINA workshop.
Study of pulsational instabilities in models of δ Scuti pulsators discovered under the Nainital-Cape Survey
Authors: Yadav Abhay Pratap
Published: January 2022

Under the Nainital-Cape Survey, eight Scuti type pulsators have been discovered with the pulsation periods in the range of several minutes to few hours. In order to understand these observed pulsational variabilities, we have performed non-adiabatic linear stability analyses of these stars having mass in the range of 1 to 3 Mʘ. Several low order pressure modes (p-modes) are found to be unstable where the pulsation pe-riods associated with these unstable modes are in good agreement with the observed periods. Particularly for HD 118660, HD 113878, HD 102480, HD 98851, and HD 25515, we demonstrate that the observed variabilities can be explained with the low order radial p-mode pulsations.
On the requirement for a high resolution spectrograph to investigate the multiplicity of massive stars with the 3.6-m Devasthal Optical Telescope
Authors: De Becker Michaël
Published: January 2022

The investigation of the multiplicity of massive stars constitutes a key aspect of their understanding. On the one hand, the evolution of short period systems can be tremendously influenced by the companion, for instance through mass exchange or common envelope evolution. On the other hand, the wind-wind interaction region in massive multiple systems is the seat of a high level physics, including strong thermal X-ray emission, particle acceleration and non-thermal emission processes. The description and understanding of these processes require the accurate determination of orbital parameters, notably through spectroscopic studies. In this context, it is timely to anticipate some relevant applications of a high resolution spectrograph (HRS) to be mounted on the Devasthal Optical Telescope, emphasizing its potential complementarity with other Indian facilities such as the GMRT and Astrosat.
LE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE MISE EN ÉVIDENCE, DÉNI ET DÉFIS
Authors: Munhoven Guy
Published: January 2022

Depuis le début de l’ère industrielle, la température de surface de la Terre a augmenté de plus d’un degré Celsius en moyenne. Notre compréhension scientifique du système climatique terrestre, qui s’est construite au cours des deux siècles passés, ne laisse que très peu de doute : ce réchauffement n’est pas d’origine naturelle, il est lié aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre, surtout de CO2, mais aussi de CH4, de N2O ou de gaz halogènes par l’activité humaine. Dans cette contribution, je vous présenterai brièvement les principaux indicateurs montrant que le climat subit effectivement un changement important actuellement, que ce changement est lié à un renforcement de l’effet de serre naturel, et que ce sont les gaz à effet de serre émis par l’activité humaine qui sont à l’origine de ce bouleversement. Je passerai en revue quelques étapes et tournants importants de l’histoire du développement des sciences climatiques. Partant d’une série d’arguments «climato-sceptiques» courants, je vous présenterai les développements scientifiques récents Enfin nous allons examiner les complications liés au transfert et à la transposition des connaissances scientifiques en des mesures politiques adéquates pour mitiger le changement climatique ou pour s’y adapter. Les défis et pièges potentiels liés à la communication de la science climatique aux dirigeants politiques.
The Solar Chemical Composition: Past and Present
Authors: Grevesse Nicolas
Published: January 2022

We briefly review the solar chemical composition derived last century and the new, different solar chemical composition, obtained since about 15 years.
Asteroseismology as a new window to statistics of binaries
Authors: Shibahashi Hiromoto , Murphy Simon J.
Published: January 2022

More than 340 non-eclipsing binaries of A-F stars as primaries at intermediate periods (100 - 1000 d) were newly found by uninterrupted photometry with ultra high-precision taken over 4 yr by Kepler space mission via the phase modulation of pulsating stars, and their orbital parameters, which were difficult to measure with conventional methods and were very incomplete, were then determined. This asteroseismic finding of binaries tripled the number of intermediate-mass binaries with full orbital solutions, and opened a new window to statistics of binaries. We outline the methods of finding non-eclipsing binaries by photometry and of deriving the orbital parameters, and demonstrate their validation. Statistical study of the newly discovered binaries along with the known spectroscopic binaries near A-F main-sequence are then presented, converting distribution in the mass-function into the mass-ratio distribution with the help of Abel-type integral equation.
Antioxidant and hemolytic activity of Ziziphus jujuba Mill and Rhamnus alaternus L (Rhamnaceae) extracts from Algeria.
Authors: Chaouche Tarik Mohammed , Haddouchi Farah , Boudjemai Ouhiba , Ghellai Imane
Published: January 2022

Introduction et objectif : Les antioxydants naturels font l'objet de nombreux travaux en plus de ‎leur utilisation comme conservateurs dans les aliments; ils sont également impliqués dans le traitement de nombreuses maladies. Dans le ‎cadre de l’étude prospective de sources ‎intéressantes d’antioxydants d'origine naturelle, nous sommes intéressés à deux plantes médicinales de la famille des Rhamnaceae : Ziziphus jujuba Mill et ‎Rhamnus alaternus L. Matériel et méthode s: Des extractions à reflux à l’acétone et au méthanol ont été réalisées en vue de‎ quantifier les composés phénoliques et d’évaluer l'activité antioxydante par deux méthodes : piégeage du radical DPPH° et réducteur de fer. Un test hémolytique a été réalisé pour déterminer la cytotoxicité des extraits. Résultats : Les résultats obtenus montrent que les teneurs en ‎polyphénols sont comprises entre 0,64 ± 0,03 et 2,05 ± 0,1 mg GAE/g ‎MS et les teneurs en flavonoïdes et tanins varient de‎ ‎‎0,01 ± 0,001 à 0,99 ± 0,01 mg EC/g MS et de 0,55 ± 0,01 à 7 ± 0,2 mg EC/g MS respectivement. Tous les extraits des plantes étudiées présentent des propriétés antioxydantes à différentes ‎concentrations, avec une meilleur activité pour les feuilles de R. alaternus, mais celles-ci sont strictement inférieures au BHA pris comme référence tous ‎les extraits étudiés représentent un effet hémolytique inférieur à 3.5 % qui caractérisent une ‎hémolyse très faible.‎ Conclusion : Ces plantes ont ‎une activité antioxydante modeste et elles ne sont pas toxiques.‎
Découverte d’Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eselt en Algérie
Authors: Belkassam Abdelouahab , Rebbas Khellaf , Chelghoum Hicham , Hammou Mohamed Ait , Miara Mohamed Djamel
Published: January 2022

Les auteurs signalent la découverte à Akbou (Béjaia, NE-Algérie) et à Tissemsilt (W-Algérie) d’ibicelle jaune (Martyniaceae) originaire des zones semi‐désertiques d’Amérique du Sud.
Étude de l'évolution de la capacité anti-radicalaire du fruit de l'Arbutus unedo L. à différents stades de maturation
Authors: Mohammedi Zohra
Published: January 2022

La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet du stade de maturation sur le contenu en substances bioactives, en particulier les composés antioxydants de nature phénolique extraites par des solutions hydroéthanoliques et l’estimation de l'évolution de l’activité antioxydante du fruit de l'Arbousier (Arbutus unedo L.). Les fruits de l'Arbousier ont été classés en 4 stades, le premier stade est quand le fruit est de couleur verte, le stade 2 comprend les fruits jaunes, le troisième stade est lorsque le fruit devient orange, alors que le stade 4 représente le dernier stade où les fruits sont en pleine maturité c'est à dire rouges. Quatre extraits sont obtenus, les fruits à maturité; fruits oranges et fruits rouges ont donné des quantités élevées en terme de rendement d'extraction par le solvant hydroalcoolique. Les différents extraits ont été testés pour leur teneur en composés phénoliques totaux, flavonoïdes, tannins condensés, chlorophylle et caroténoïdes, ainsi que leur activité antioxydante (anti-radicalaire). Les résultats obtenus montrent que le stade de maturation affecte significativement la teneur en antioxydants ainsi que l’activité antioxydante. On observe une réduction des tannins au cours de la maturation; de 124,9 mgCE/g dans le fruit non mûrs à 63,8 mgCE/g dans les fruits en pleine maturité. A l'opposé, le contenu en flavonoïdes augmente; de 11,5 mgRE/g dans le fruit vert à 38,9mgRE/g dans le fruit orange. Les anthocyanes sont présentes dans le fruit à maturité et atteignent un seuil élevé en pleine maturité (12,7 µg/g). Nos résultats sur l'activité antiradicalaire montrent que le stade de maturation affecte sensiblement le pouvoir anti-radicalaire du fruit. Tous les fruits ont la capacité de piéger efficacement le radical libre DPPH, mais le potentiel antioxydant le plus puissant (EC50: 0,5 mg/ml) est observé quand le fruit arrive à sa pleine maturation.
Efficacité des Composés Organiques Volatils fongiques (synthèse bibliographique)
Authors: Kaddes Amine , Fauconnier Marie-Laure , Sassi Khaled , Berhal Chadi , Nasraoui B. , Jijakli M. Haïssam
Published: January 2022

Introduction. L’utilisation excessive de fongicides chimiques continue à pousser la recherche vers des alternatives pour la protection des cultures qui soient respectueuses de l’environnement, mais aussi novatrices. Littérature. Les champignons produisent divers mélanges de composés en phase gazeuse, appelés Composés Organiques Volatils (COVs). Ils sont capables de se diffuser dans le sol et dans l’atmosphère et d’inhiber les activités des pathogènes fongiques. Dans cette section, nous résumerons les connaissances récentes sur le potentiel inhibiteur des Composés Organiques Volatils contre les champignons pathogènes en mettant l’accent sur l’effet des COVs fongiques. Dans la pratique, nous y dévoilerons les premières recherches déchiffrant leur mode d’action et les éventuels effets phytotoxiques non spécifiques sur le microbiome environnemental ainsi que sur les plantes. Conclusions. Cet article porte sur les nouvelles techniques utilisées par les chercheurs qui mettent l’accent sur la mycofumigation afin d’optimiser la formulation d’une nouvelle génération de biofongicides. Ainsi, se dessine un nouvel horizon en matière de lutte biologique contre les maladies des cultures.
Diversité des techniques et pratiques culturales du fonio (Digitaria exilis S.) en Afrique de l’Ouest (synthèse bibliographique)
Authors: Kanlindogbe Cyrille , Sekloka Emmanuel , Zinsou Valérien Amégnikin , Natta Armand
Published: January 2022

Introduction. À la différence des grandes cultures, le fonio, une céréale négligée, n’a pu bénéficier d’un grand nombre de recherches formalisées sur les techniques culturales. Sur la base d’une recherche documentaire systématisée, cet article présente une analyse critique des techniques pratiquées en culture du fonio en Afrique subsaharienne. Littérature. Le fonio est cultivé au regard de ses potentiels alimentaire, socioculturel, thérapeutique, économique voire fourrager. Peu exigeant, il se développe dans une large gamme de conditions pédoclimatiques avec une préférence pour les sols légers et riches en matières organiques, et les zones à pluviométrie annuelle moyenne de 900-1 000 mm. Dans les pays producteurs, les variétés et les techniques culturales sont demeurées traditionnelles. Les semis se font principalement à la volée. Contrairement aux autres céréales, le fonio se cultive assez souvent sans fumure minérale ni pesticide chimique et apparait comme une culture biologique valorisable en agroécologie. Les rendements sont généralement faibles et souvent inférieurs à 1 t·ha-1. Ceci est surtout lié à l’absence de variétés améliorées et de pratiques culturales appropriées, au phénomène de verse, à l’égrenage spontané et au défaut de remplissage des grains. Conclusions. Les pratiques culturales du fonio, restées traditionnelles, sont caractérisées par la pénibilité des opérations et la faiblesse des rendements. Des recherches innovantes sur les variétés, les techniques culturales et sur la mécanisation et la rentabilité permettront de lever les contraintes et de favoriser une relance effective de la production.
Temperature dependent studies on nutritional, total polyphenols, flavonoids content and antioxidant activities of Aframomum citratum (C.Pereira) K.Schum and Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn.) Taub. fruits
Authors: Eyenga Manga , Youovop J. Fotso , Ngondi J. L. , Sindic M.
Published: January 2022

Description. Hard shelled fruits, Tetrapleura tetraptera and Aframomum citratum nonwood forest products are used as spices and for many medicinal recipes. Mostly used together, they undergo heat treatment before being milled when cooking Mbongo Tchobi, a black spicy stew from central and coastal regions in Cameroon. Objectives. Evaluate the impact of roasting these spices on the physicochemical properties (dry matter, ash, raw protein, total sugar, raw fibre, pH, aw, total energy, total fat), phytochemical content (total polyphenol, total flavonoids) and the antioxidant activities (total antioxidant activity, FRAP, DPPH and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays) of their aqueous extracts in a home food consumption context. Method. Tetrapleura tetraptera and Aframomum citratum fruits from Ngola locality in Yokadouma (east region in Cameroon) locality were collected, sorted, cleaned and dried (72 h, 45 °C) in an oven. Cut into small pieces, a part was heated using roasting parameters deduced from preliminary tests (140 °C/10 min; 180 °C/20 min and 150 °C/12 min respectively for T. tetraptera, A. citratum and a formulation 95/5 of the two spices). The heated and unheated spices were ground and an infusion was prepared from boiling water in the proportion of 1/5 (g·ml-1) for both types of spices. Physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics (dry matter, total ash, fat, sugar, crude fibre and energy contents, pH, aw, total flavonoids and polyphenols) as well as the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts of the two spices and a mix of the two spices were evaluated before and after the heat treatment. Results. Heat treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduces fat and total sugars contents but improves raw fiber contents for all spices. Phenolic content is more important for heated spices and percentage differences before and after heat treatment are between 8.0 and 23.2% for both spices. Extracts obtained with heated spices possess the best antioxidant potential. Strong significant positive correlations have been established between the phenolic compounds and the reductive antioxidant activities and negative correlations with the antiradical antioxidant activities as they are expressed as IC50 (mg·ml-1). Conclusions. In most of the features studied, the heated formulation (95/5) possesses the highest characteristics studied. The choice of heating these spices under the roasting parameters identified should be guided by the desire of improving their antioxidant potential because of the nutritional losses observed after heat treatment.
Emerging chemical heterogeneities in a commercial 18650 Li-ion battery during early cycling
Authors: Matras Dorota , Ashton Thomas E. , Dong Hongyang , Mirolo Marta , Martens Isaac , Drnec Jakub , Darr Jawwad A. , Quinn Paul D. , Jacques Simon D.M. , Beale Andrew M. , Vamvakeros Antonis
Published: January 2022

X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRD-CT) was employed to study a commercial 18650 cylindrical LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) battery under operating conditions and during seven cycles. Multiple chemical heterogeneities related to the lithium distribution were observed in both the cathode and the anode from the analysis of the spatially-resolved diffraction signals. It is shown that during the battery charging, the anode exhibits different degrees of activity regarding the lithiation process. Explicitly, the following three regions were identified: uniform/homogenous lithiation, delayed lithiation and inactive-to-lithiation regions. The delayed lithiation region, observed for the first time, was seen to have a direct impact on the properties of NCA in its close proximity during the battery discharging, preventing its full lithiation by trapping the lithium in the form of LiC30-30+ phase. Further to this, the aluminum tab negatively affected the NCA in direct contact with it, leading to different lattice parameter a and c evolution compared to the rest of the cathode.
On the Separation of Enantiomers by Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Authors: Fernandez-Maestre Roberto , Doerr Markus
Published: January 2022

Racemic mixtures of twelve common α-amino acids and three chiral drugs were tested for the separation of their enantiomers by drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) by introducing chiral selectors into the buffer gas of the IMS instrument. (R)-α-(trifluoromethyl) benzyl alcohol, (L)-ethyl lactate, methyl (S)-2-chloropropionate, and the R and S enantiomers of 2-butanol and 1-phenyl ethanol were evaluated as chiral selectors. Experimental conditions were varied during the tests, including buffer gas temperature, concentration and type of chiral selectors, analyte concentration, electrospray (ESI) voltage, ESI solvent pH, and buffer gas flow rate. The individual enantiomers yielded the same drift times and the racemic mixtures could not be separated as opposed to a previous report (Dwivedi et al. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 8200). Energy calculations of the chiral selector –ion interactions showed that these separations are unlikely using 2-butanol as a chiral selector but they might be theoretically feasible depending on the chiral selector nature and the type of enantiomers. Several plausible explanations for not succeeding were analyzed. A critical review of previously claimed enantiomer separations by drift-tube IMS-MS is presented and recommendations for potential enantiomer separations by IMS are proposed.
An Interpretable Machine Learning model for Selectivity of Small Molecules against Homologous Protein Family
Authors: Vangala Sarveswara Rao , Bung Navneet , Krishnan Sowmya Ramaswamy , Roy Arijit
Published: January 2022

Motivation: The primary goal of drug design is to develop potent small molecules that can inhibit the target protein with high selectivity. In the early stage of drug discovery, various experimental and computational methods are used to measure the target-specificity of small molecules against the target protein of interest. The selectivity of the small molecule remains a challenge, especially when the target protein belongs to a homologous family, which can often lead to off-target side effects. Results: We have developed a multi-task deep learning model for predicting the selectivity of small molecules on the closely related homologs of the target protein. The multi-task model, which can learn from training data of the related tasks has been tested on the Janus kinase (JAK) and dopamine receptor family of proteins. To decipher the model decision on selectivity, the important fragments associated with each homolog protein were identified using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. The performance of the multi-task model was evaluated using various representation of small molecules such as fingerprints (ECFP4) and molecular graph representations. It was observed that the feature-based representation (ECFP4) with the XGBoost performed marginally better when compared to deep neural network models in most of the evaluation metrics. Both the models outperformed the graph-based models. The identification of important fragments associated with each proteins of the homolog family using SHAP method, explains the factors that governed the decision of the multi-task predictive model. The proposed method can be used post hit generation.
M-CPOnes: Transition Metal Complexes with Cyclopropenone-Based Ligands for Light-Triggered Carbon Monoxide Release
Authors: Lehr Marc , Neumann Tjorge , Näther Christian , McConnell Anna
Published: January 2022

A new class of CO-releasing molecules, M-CPOnes, was prepared combining cyclopropenone-based ligands for CO release with the modular scaffold of transition metal complexes. In proof-of-concept studies, M-CPOnes based on ZnII, FeII and CoII are stable in the dark but undergo efficient light-triggered CO release with the cyclopropenone substituents and metal ions enabling tuning of the photophysical properties. Furthermore, the choice of metal allows the use of different spectroscopic methods to monitor photodecarbonylation from fluorescence spectroscopy to UV/vis spectroscopy and paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. The modularity of M CPOnes from the metal ion to the cyclopropenone substitution and potential for further functionalisation of the ligand makes M CPOnes appealing for tailored functionality in applications.
A PRELIMINARY REVIEW ON THE METALLOGENY OF SEDIMENT-HOSTED PB-ZN DEPOSITS IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: waliArain Asfand yar , Mastoi Abdul Shakoor , Daahar Hakro Asghar Ali Alias , Rajper Riaz Ahmed , Jamali Muhammad Afzal , Bhatti Gulam Raza , Bhatti Waqar
Published: January 2022

Lead and Zinc deposits are very much important economic booster for the country all over the world. Economic geologists are engaged in the search of these economy booster minerals and rocks for three decades. Lead and zinc are profuse resources in the Lasbela-Khuzdar belt of Balochistan province of Pakistan, with reserves of about 50 million tons all over the country. In this paper, we have presented field observations of the Dudder mine area and summarised the work of earlier papers to provide the salient features of these ore mineralizations and deposits. The tectonic settings and important ore controls have been discussed based on field observations and previous work. The Pb-Zn dominantly occupied by exposures of rocks of the Ferozabad Group of Jurassic age in the Mor range, which is comprised of Lower-Middle-Upper Jurassic carbonates and deep-marine siliciclastics rock sequence. This group contains syngenetic and epigenetic Pb-Zn mineralization classified as a stratiform replacement, and vein-type fissure fillings observed at various places of Duddar, Gunga, and Surmai deposit areas. Generally, these deposits are hosted pyrites nuggets with fine-grained sphalerite matrix with galena in black shale, argillaceous limestone, and mudstone. We construct a Pb-Zn deposit predictive tectonic model that regards mineralization as the primary factor and the ore rock as secondary. The tectonics were more active when sedimentation of the Anjira Formation started in a disturbing third-order basin. The Hydrothermal solution comes into the basin along faults and gave rise to syngenetic mineralization of sulfides in the Anjira Formation, and epigenetic one in the underlying Spingwar and Loralai Formations. These deposits are considered as SEDEX deposits according to the distribution of Pb-Zn deposits, we concluded that a multi-period, multi-cycle orogenic environment is the most positive for lead-zinc deposit growth. With this, we analyze the association between tectonic evolution, geological mineralization, and Pb-Zn metallogenic epoch. The tectonic and mineralization mechanism models are expected to ease the detailed study on the geological and geochemical conditions of mineralization in the Ferozabad Group and economic assessment of the resources.