bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Iranian Christian Diaspora
Authors: Römer Benedikt
Published: May 2024

Over the past few decades, whilst evading severe governmental restrictions in Iran, the Iranian Evangelical diaspora has grown across Turkey, Germany, the Netherlands, the US and the UK. Far from the censorship of the Islamic Republic, Iranian Evangelical pastors and ministers publish Persian-language Christian magazines and online videos with the aim to reach the transnational Iranian Christian community, as well as potential converts in Iran. This book explores notions of nationhood and diasporic dwelling in the religious narratives and practices of Iranian Christian exilic communities, showing how claims to the authenticity of a distinct Iranian-Christian identity are constructed.

Examining abundant source material available in the Iranian Christian exilic milieu, the book draws extensively upon five unstudied series of Persian-language Christian exile magazines published between the early 1990s and the 2020s, Persian-language video material and a number of interviews with Iranian Christian pastors with leadership positions in the Iranian Christian diaspora. These sources demonstrate the significance of exile and religious affiliation as key factors shaping diasporic images of the homeland and visions of a future return. Benedikt Römer weaves the history and contemporary story of the Iranian Christian community together, placing it in the context of a wider ongoing religious transformation in Iranian society.
The Memoirs of Shah Tahmasp I
Authors: Tahmasp I Shah
Published: May 2024

A remarkable first-person narrative by a sixteenth century Iranian ruler, the Memoirs of the Safavid Shah Tahmasp (1514-1576), originally written in Persian, represent a vitally important primary source for the history of the Middle East in the period. In particular, they shed light on the Safavid conflict with the Uzbeks and Ottomans, which played a decisive role in shaping the modern frontiers of the region. The Memoirs also represent an invaluable source for the internal political and religious life of the Safavid court, and the ways in which Shah Tahmasp, one of the most important rulers in Iranian history, wished to be remembered and viewed. This book represents the first English translation of this important text, and is furnished with an extensive introduction and notes that situate the work in its literary and historical context.
Language, Cognition, and the Way We Think
Authors: Kompa Nikola A.
Published: May 2024

The cognitive potency of the human mind can be fully appreciated only if it is conceived of as a linguistic mind. This is the starting of Nikola Kompa’s investigation into the relationship between language and cognition.

Underpinned by philosophical ideas from Plato to Ockham, and from Locke to Vygotsky, Kompa use theories within the philosophy of language, mind, and cognitive science and draws on neuro-psychology and psycholinguistic studies within cognitive studies to explore core ideas about language and cognition. How did language transform our ancestors into creatures of considerable cognitive and social accomplishment? How does language augment cognition? Is language only a means of communicationg our ideas or is a means of thinking itself? Her study has repercussions for a broad range of questions, from how humans differ from other animals and what a cognitive architecture looks like if it approximates the achievements of the human mind, to questions of education and cross-cultural communication.

Theorizing and forming hypotheses about how language and cognition might have coevolved, how the availability of (symbolic) labels enhance various cognitive functions, what the cognitive function of inner speech might be and how inner speech an thought relate to each other, Kompa addresses the perennial philosophical question of what the benefits of having a language might be, and brings into sharper relief the intimate connection between linguistic and other cognitive functions. Informed by recent discussions on language evolution, labels, and inner speech, this timely contribution helps us understand more about how language changes the way we think.
Early Childhood Education in Social and Political Transitions
Authors: Klaus Sarah , Peeters Jan , Vonta Tatjana
Published: May 2024

This open access book is about the successes and challenges of the institutions and individuals who transformed early child education in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe (CEE) and Eurasia in response to the political transitions to democracy in the 1990’s. Through new interviews and unpublished reports, the book gives voice to committed practitioners, researchers and policymakers who are developing inspiring services for and with young children and their families, including children who live in very difficult circumstances. They work with children affected by war, refugee families with young children, children who live in poverty, children of minorities, and children with disabilities and developmental delays. The voices of these pedagogues, experts and NGO leaders, who were supported by the Open Society Foundations Early Childhood Program, bring inspiring messages to those in the field of early childhood seeking to promote democratic values and social inclusion. The book traces the extension of programs to Africa and Asia and explores how strategies used to transform early childhood education following the political and social transformations in Europe and Eurasia can inform responsive reforms and innovations in early childhood education today and in the future.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Open Society Foundation (OSF).
The Archaeology of Amazonia
Authors: Iriarte José
Published: May 2024

This open access book examines the untold human history of the Amazon rainforest, from the arrival of the earliest humans to the present. A spate of recent discoveries in unexplored regions and technological breakthroughs have allowed us to peer through the forest canopy to the earth below, revealing an entirely new picture of Amazonian past, which overturns the long-held assumption of a virgin rainforest.

This book demonstrates how Amazonia’s current diversity of landscapes and people are deeply rooted in prehistory with lasting repercussions on today’s rainforests. Among the major achievements of ancient Amazonian peoples were the domestication of globally important crops, including manioc, cacao, rice, yams and sweet potato, manufactured America’s first ceramics, engineered the landscape for sustainable food production, built massive geometric ceremonial structures, and had distinctively complex, early urban polities that can rival any civilization of antiquity.

Amazonia is currently facing a crisis and lessons from its traditional peoples are more urgent than ever. The extraordinary archaeological discoveries of recent years are not just spectacle, but represent the history of a way of life that is rapidly disappearing, and on which the Amazonian rainforest as a major reservoir of biodiversity, and in turn all humanity, depends. By connecting the past to the present and bringing to light the critical role of today’s indigenous and traditional lands in providing a barrier to deforestation under current climate and political pressures, The Archaeology of Amazonia lays out the way ahead to a more socially responsible future of rainforest management.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the European Research Council.
Knowledge
Authors: Puttick Steven , Elliott Victoria , Ingram Jenni
Published: May 2024

Key to teacher education is the knowledge base of the teacher educator, and the ways in which knowledge is conceptualised. This book explores how ideas about knowledge are used in teacher education to critically examine what knowledges are valued across research, policy and practice. The authors explore international and interdisciplinary perspectives on the nature of knowledge (and what counts as knowledge) and how these perspectives on knowledge translate into teacher education, with a final chapter dedicated to exploring consequences for practice.
Theory for Theatre Studies: Light
Authors: Wilcox Dean
Published: May 2024

What properties of light can be manipulated for aesthetic effect? What role does the perception of the audience play in how stage information is received and processed? How do changes in technology affect methods or approaches to design and practice?

This book is designed to introduce key ideas about light and to generate questions and perspectives that will encourage readers to explore light in the theatre more fully in their own critical and creative practices.

Examining the theories behind stage lighting practice to help students learn to analyse the aesthetic and critical impacts of light in performance, this book traces the development of lighting practice by focusing on important shifts in technology and aesthetics from the classical period to the modern era.

Central to this study are ideas developed by ‘New Stagecraft’ theorists and designers Adolphe Appia, Edward Gordon Craig and Robert Edmond Jones. Case studies include semiotic approaches to Loïe Fuller’s combination of light, movement and costume, Robert Wilson’sEinstein on the Beachand Tadashi Suzuki’sThe Trojan Women. Further case studies including the installation work of James Turrell and Refik Anadol, the Winston Salem Light Project and David Byrne’sAmerican Utopia,examine the use of light in theatrical and non-theatrical spaces by focusing on phenomenology, community engagement and the evolution of lighting technology.

A companion website features links to images, chapter summaries, questions and further resources for study.
Directing Amateur Musical Theatre
Authors: O’Hanlon Dom
Published: May 2024

How do you choose a musical to direct that suits your amateur theatre group’s needs?

How do you run an open and fair audition process and cast a show appropriately?

How do you design a rehearsal schedule to cover a large set of amateur performers?

How do you work with amateur actors to achieve a level of professionalism in performance while maintaining the enjoyment?

Directing Amateur Musical Theatre offers answers to all of these questions and many, many more.

Demystifying the pre-production process and auditions through to rehearsals and opening night, this book offers a roadmap for success for amateur directors everywhere.

Rooted in the wide-ranging experience of a working practitioner who specialises in directing amateur musical theatre across various different formats, it details ways to stage different types of musical numbers, through to blocking and staging a scene, as well as how to approach a text and expanding the acting skills of a mixed-ability cast. Considering the opportunities offered by different musicals, it equips you to direct shows ranging from the golden age through to more contemporary works with imaginative, sensitive and informed direction.

Featuring practical advice and exercises that follow the life-cycle of a production, this book also includes helpful charts, diagrams, templates and tools that break down the fundamental elements of directing a musical in a digestible way that will appeal to first-time, as well as more experienced, directors looking to hone and refine their craft.

This invaluable handbook – the first to be published in the post-Covid landscape – will be invaluable to anyone with an interest in directing amateur musical theatre and would like to bring more to, and gain more from, the experience.
The Moral and Market Economies of Bread
Authors: Albrecht Jonas M.
Published: May 2024

From 1770s the Vienna bread market was rocked by a series of politico-economic and technological changes that questioned the way this everyday foodstuff was sold and produced. In this book, Jonas Albrecht explores how this reconfiguration of the bread market had wide-reaching and significant consequences for a society who relied on this foodstuff to live.

Before 1860 the production and selling of bread was embedded into a moral economy with distinct regulations. But as the grain market expanded and new cereal varieties arrived from the empire’s peripheries reformers sought to create a ‘free’ market through liberalising reforms. The Moral and Market Economies of Bread shows that while terminating market regulation did mobilise and diversify Vienna’s bread market in spatial terms, it intensified inequality among consumers. As opaque prices, non-transparent market procedures and diverging power relations between producers and consumers led to unrest, city officials and bakers struggled to meet the shortcomings of the free market from within. This book brings economic, social and urban histories together and employs a spatial approach and GIS methods to explore the relationship between market and society, and capitalism at large.
Steampunk London
Authors: Esser Helena
Published: May 2024

Tracing the genre through fiction, visual art, film and videogames from the 1980s to the present, this book offers a comprehensive exploration of the intersection between neo-Victorianism, urban spaces and Steampunk. Characterised by its interplay between past and present and its anachronistic retro-speculation, Neo-Victorian-infused Steampunk remixes modern collective memory to produce a re-imagined vision of Victorian London. Investigating how Steampunk’s re-calibrated Londons both source from and subvert Victorian discourse about the city, Steampunk London offers a deeper understanding of how a popular cultural memory of the Victorian past is shaped and transmitted in light of present-day identity politics.

Covering key themes including retrofuturism, gender and sexuality, colonialism and postcolonialism, it considers such ideas as how early Steampunk synthesizes Victorian urban ethnography; how Victorian urban Gothic shapes shared transmedia memory to challenge reactionary, nostalgic meta-narratives; how Steampunk video games mobilize urban space as an immersive storytelling device with cities open to play; and how Steampunk interprets the modern metropolis as an opportunity for feminist and queer agency. Through examination of Victorian-era writers from Charles Dickens to Arthur Conan Doyle, the book digs into works of fiction and media alike, looking at The Difference Engine, Soulless, and The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, From Hell, Guy Ritchie’s Sherlock Holmes, cyberpunk classic Blade Runner, and Assassin’s Creed: Syndicate and The Order 1886. An important intervention in the study of steampunk, Helena Esser demonstrates how the works explored invite participatory consumption and considers the genre’s potential—and failures—to interrogate and challenge our relationship with the Victorian past.
Aqua’s Aquarium
Authors: McKee C.C.
Published: May 2024

“I’m a Barbie Girl, in a Barbie
world,” the ubiquitous refrain that dominated the airwaves in summer 1997.
Aqua’s single from their debut album Aquarium spread like wildfire, topping
charts across the globe. With their erotically-charged lyrics and dance beats, Aqua
achieved global renown in the late 1990s resulting in a multi-platinum album and
series of infectious hits. Their success put a spotlight on Danish Europop and
influenced an array of aspiring acts. In contrast, in the U.S. they are an infamous
“one hit wonder,” remembered for their highly publicized lawsuit with
Mattel. Despite their meteoric rise to stardom, Aqua’s fame quickly waned and
they have not managed to replicate the success of their debut.

This book unwraps a bubblegum pop,
“Euro-trash” classic to offer the first in-depth examination of what
lies beneath Aqua’s sticky-sweet veneer. The author weaves their own
autobiographical experiences with the album together with critical musical and
visual analysis, unveiling Aqua’s potential role in the development of
millennial queer identities. Peeling back the layers of Aquarium reveals a
confection rife with unexpected contradictions and possibilities; implicit
expressions of non-normative gender and sexuality, fetishism, and adolescent lust
give way to videos permeated by racial exoticism and masculinist
heteronormativity.
Punishment in America
Authors: Banks Cyndi
Published: May 2024

From the Salem witch trials to death row, this work is a gripping analysis of the evolution of punishment practices, policies, and problems in America.

From Puritan ducking stools to boot camps and supermax prisons,Punishment in Americainvestigates the evolution of punishment in the United States. Intriguing inquiries into penitentiaries, parole, capital punishment, and other sanctions reveal how the rationales behind them—retribution, rehabilitation, and deterrence—reflect changes in society, culture, and values.

Reaching beyond the typical focus on prisons and incarceration to extralegal lynchings and vigilante operations and the treatment of the poor and the mentally challenged, this remarkable review also explores the impact of stricter laws on pedophiles and drug offenders and the effect of three-strikes legislation and truth in sentencing. This thought-provoking work will help readers understand the conflicting roles that punishment has played in delivering justice and promoting rehabilitation.
Race Relations in the United States, 1920-1940
Authors: Tischauser Leslie V.
Published: May 2024

Race relations in the 1920s ranged from an epidemic of lynchings of African Americans, race riots, and the execution of Italian immigrants Sacco and Vanzetti to citizenship for American Indians but not for Mexican immigrants. As the 1930s unfolded, there was more discrimination of Latinos and a legal lynching in the Scottsboro Boys trial, and German Jewish children were refused refuge from Hitler's Germany. This volume is THE content-rich source in a desirable decade-by-decade organization to help students and general readers understand the crucial race relations of the fascinating Jazz Age and Great Depression era. Race Relations in the United States, 1920-1940 provides comprehensive reference coverage of the key events, influential voices, race relations by group, legislation, media influences, cultural output, and theories of inter-group interactions.

The volume covers two decades with a standard format coverage per decade, including Timeline, Overview, Key Events, Voices of the Decade, Race Relations by Group, Law and Government, Media and Mass Communications, Cultural Scene, Influential Theories and Views of Race Relations, Resource Guide. This format allows comparison of topics through the decades. The bulk of the coverage is topical essays, written in a clear, encyclopedic style. Historical photos, a selected bibliography, and index complement the text.
Race to the Front
Authors: Stubbs Kevin D.
Published: May 2024

When war broke out in Europe in 1914, nearly every combatant foresaw a short decisive conflict. Experience would soon prove, however, that this belief was sorely misplaced. Eventually, excessive economic dislocations would topple every authoritarian regime. Only the intervention of the United States would save the British and the French from collapse. This book traces the trilateral struggle between the Entente, the Central Powers, and the United States to determine the outcome of the war. Stubbs focuses on a few essential factors vital to understanding this three-way race: the acquisition of war materiel, food, human resources, and the movement of each.

In an analysis of coalition strategies, it is not enough to study the memoirs and memoranda of General Staffs or political figures engaged in war. One must also examine the roles played by each population, their industries, economy, means of transportation, and the financial decisions that make such strategies possible. In short, the material foundations of war set the boundaries within which strategic maneuvers occur. Ultimately, the United States determined the outcome of the First World War, not simply because it provided the last untapped reservoir of manpower, but due to its overall economic contributions to the allied effort.
Rachel Carson
Authors: Quaratiello Arlene
Published: May 2024

Few people have had as great an impact on the modern environmental movement as has the great writer and scientist Rachel Carson. This readable and up-to-date biography traces the famous environmentalist's development as a writer from earliest childhood through the publication of her best-known workSilent Spring(1962). Although Carson is now remembered almost exclusively forSilent Spring, which exposed the dangers of pesticides, this book was preceded by three best-sellers about the ocean environment:Under the Sea-Wind(1941),The Edge of the Sea(1955), andThe Sea Around Us(1951) which catapulted her to fame. InRachel Carson: A Biography, Carson emerges as a talented scientist and exceptional writer who was able to share her sense of wonder about nature with both scientists and the general public.

Carson's great love of both writing and nature emerged at a young age and enabled her to overcome numerous obstacles in her life. She made a critical decision to switch her major in college from English to biology, she suffered financial problems during the Depression, and family and work responsibilities left her little time to write. She struggled for years to become a writer, working in relative obscurity for 15 years at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service writing pamphlets and brochures. She also endured harsh criticism ofSilent Springtoward the end of her life while terribly ill. This biography shows how Carson overcame these difficulties and persevered to become one of the most influential writers of the last half of the 20th century. Her legacy as a champion of nature continues 50 years after her death.
Radical Grace
Authors: Ellens J.  Harold
Published: May 2024

The esteemed editor who brought us the acclaimed setThe Destructive Power of Religion, turns his attention here to a similarly powerful, yet positive side of religion: how our concept of God can fuel healthy body and mind. This book contends that all health—mental and physical—is shaped, for good or ill, by our spiritual, theological, and psychological notions about the nature of God, and by the way we form an outlook on life as a result of these notions. Across history, a large percentage of people have believed that God is a threat, an attitude Ellens describes as sick gods created through pathological beliefs, or sick gods that make sick people. But Ellens grounds his brighter perspective in this text on God as a source of unconditional grace and goodwill, then illuminates the effect this perspective has on people who have incorporated it into their minds and lives.

Ellens shows that people with firm faith in God's radical grace are psychologically strong and healthy. His offering of psychology interfacing with theology is reminiscent of Carl Rogers' teaching on unconditional positive regard and its ability to heal suffering persons. All readers, he explains, can benefit by this understanding that can inspire spiritual and psychological healing whether for ourselves, family, friends, or clients in counseling or therapy.
Reagan, Bush, Gorbachev
Authors: Siracusa Joseph M. , Burns Richard Dean , Graebner Norman A.
Published: May 2024

This work is a contemporary chronicle of the Cold War and offers an analysis of policy and rhetoric of the United States and Soviet Union during the 1980s. The authors examine the assumptions that drove political decisions and the rhetoric that defined the relationship as the Soviet Union began to implode.

This work demonstrates that while the subsequent unraveling of the Soviet empire was an unintended side effect of Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms, termination of the Cold War was not. Ronald Reagan deserves full credit for recognizing Gorbachev's sincerity and his determination to change the direction of Soviet policies. For this, Reagan felt the full wrath of anticommunist hawks for doing business with a communist leader. But it was Gorbachev who concluded the superpowers had become mesmerized by ideological myths which ruled out any meaningful discussions of a possible accommodation of political issues for more than four decades. The evidence is compelling that Gorbachev himself broke the Cold War's ideological straight jacket that had paralyzed Moscow and Washington's ability to resolve their differences. Though politically weakened, Gorbachev conceded nothing to U.S. military superiority. Never did he negotiate from a position of weakness. In doing so, the last Soviet leader faced even greater political and physical risk. Without Gorbachev the end of the Cold War could have played out very differently and perhaps with great danger.
The Reformation Era
Authors: Linder Robert D.
Published: May 2024

Although religious unrest had been brewing in Western Europe long before Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, historians view this event as the tipping point that shattered the unity of the Medieval Catholic civilization. Disillusioned by Church bureaucracy and awakened by the rise of Renaissance Humanism, Western Europe was primed for an alternative to the old order. Protestant reformers called for a return to scripture and a focus on individual faith, and the Catholic Church responded with a new focus on spirituality that culminated in the Council of Trent. In modern spiritual revivals, religious debates, and newer Church reforms, we can still see the legacy of the era Linder calls Midwife to the Modern World.
The Regions of France
Authors: Northcutt Wayne
Published: May 2024

This is the one reference work that French teachers, students and librarians need for student assignments on the regions of France. A one-stop, easy-to-use reference guide organized by region, it offers in-depth and comprehensive coverage of the cultural life (including cuisine and recipes), customs, history, politics, and the economy of each region. There is no other reference work like it in either English or French. It makes the 22 regions of France accessible to students and others interested in modern and contemporary France, and helps them to understand the complexities of France today and the role of the various regions in the nation's historical, political, economic, and cultural development. A selection of photographs complements the text.

The French often tell us, Paris is not France! This guide allows the reader to see the great geographical, cultural, and linguistic variety that exists in France today. Each chapter focuses on a different region and is organized around specific categories: regional geography, history, recent politics, population, economy, culture (including cuisine), architecture and noteworthy sites, and further reading. An introduction offers an historical overview of France from earliest times to the present and a discussion of the regions' role in France today. Appendixes include an historical time line and a list of the rulers of France. An essential purchase for school and public libraries.
The Regions of Italy
Authors: Domenico Roy P.
Published: May 2024

Through most of their history, Italians have identified more with their own locales than with what is now known as Italy. This comprehensive reference allows readers to view the land as its denizens have for centuries--regionally. Domenico superbly surveys the regional and provincial characteristics and culture of the 20 regions, including economy, cuisine, history, recent politics, and arts. This is the only single general reference volume in English on Italy's regions and will be highly in demand by teachers, students of Italian language and culture, and travelers.

Italy's enormous contributions to western civilization continue to make it a cultural and economic powerhouse and a top tourist destination.The Regions of Italysuccinctly conveys the formidable richness of the whole through its parts, with a user-friendly format that makes it easy to glean the important information on the area of interest. A chronology, glossary, and wide selection of photos accompany the text.
Reinventing Drama
Authors: Shapiro Bruce G.
Published: May 2024

Dramatic performance involves an intricate process of rehearsal based upon imagery inherent in the dramatic text. A playwright first invents a drama out of mental imagery. The dramatic text presents the drama as a range of verbal imagery. During rehearsal, the actors cultivate this verbal imagery within themselves. The performance triggers this cultivated mental imagery, thereby enabling the actors to reinvent the drama in the presence of an audience. This interplay of dramatic imagery constitutes the heart of the process of iconicity. The premise of iconicity is that in dramatic performance actors use the same neural architecture that people use in their daily lives to execute events. The core of this neural architecture is the brain's capacity for internally generating, reduplicating, storing, and triggering imagery. The process of iconicity draws on the actor's use of this mental capacity. This book explores the principles of iconicity and develops them as a process for acting and staging dramatic performances.

This book draws together critical and literary theories and neuropsychology to provide a new artistic process for dramatic performance called iconicity. The first part of the book provides a theoretical perspective on the principles of iconicity. Included are discussions of the nature of dramatic performance, the ideology and process of acting, and the importance of emotions to drama. This initial exploraton of iconicity sometimes refers to practice; however, the ideas presented in the first part of the book largely provide a foundation for the second part, which is more practically oriented. The second part gives close attention to the various components of the iconicity process. It explains dramatic structure and identifies and defines the four strands of iconicity: events, dialogue, interactions, and performance. Throughout the volume, numerous plays are used to provide examples of how the iconicity process works.
Religion and the Physical Sciences
Authors: Boisvert Kate Grayson
Published: May 2024

Many people may think that the modern physical sciences - physics, chemistry, astronomy - and religion have little to do with each other. There are, however, many points that these two areas intersect. This volume in the Greenwood Guides to Science and Religion will cover the impact of religion and spirituality on some of the great scientific debates of the last 100 years - the origin of the universe, the nature of matter and energy, the quest for a TOE (theory of everything), and the current debates over multiple universes, the anthropic principle, and other aspects of theoretical physics that are borderline philosophy. Debates on these topics are common in popular works, and the author places all of these debates in a context that the average reader can understand.
Renaissance and Reformation, 1500-1620
Authors: Carney Jo
Published: May 2024

Covering the period comprising the Renaissance and Reformation, this volume introduces a unique set of interdisciplinary biographical dictionaries providing basic information on the people who have contributed significantly to the culture of Western civilization. Unlike general dictionaries which focus on political and military figures, this book covers such figures as the religious leaders who contributed to the Reformation, scientists who paved the way for a new view of the universe, and Renaissance painters, sculptors, and architects, as well as writers, musicians, and scholars. While the great personalities are included—Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Galileo—the volume covers lesser known figures as well—the Muslim scholar Leo Africanus, the Flemish geographer-astronomer Gemma Frisius, the English travel writer Thomas Coryate. Although many of the subjects also had political influence, the entries are written to highlight their individual cultural achievement.

An exciting, tumultuous, and chaotic age, the years from 1500 to 1620 saw increasing discontent with Catholicism and the beginning of Protestantism with Luther's 95 theses, great strides in the development of the printing press and a resulting increase in literacy, the humanist movement with its emphasis on the arts of antiquity, a proliferation of literature and art inspired by but moving beyond classical forms, and conflict between the triumph of Renaissance culture and the theologians of the Protestant Reformation. The resulting cultural production was astounding. This volume covers those who contributed to the fields of art and architecture, music, philosophy, religion, political and social thought, science, mathematics, literature, history, and education. With over 350 entries written by 72 scholars, the book provides a good basic resource on an exciting age.
Retailing Triumphs and Blunders
Authors: Greco Alan J. , Michman Ronald D.
Published: May 2024

In today's world of galloping change, adjustment and anticipation have become ever more vital for retail operations. Many retailers have successfully anticipated change, while others have simply become relics of retailing history. Facing intense environmental competition, different types of retail institutions, whether a mass merchandiser or a hotel, find themselves confronting different types of challenges. The stories of a spectrum of retailers highlight the variables necessary for duplicating success and avoiding failure. This timely work provides a starting point for understanding the complexities and interrelationships in retail management.
Russian Imperial Military Doctrine and Education, 1832-1914
Authors: Van Dyke Carl
Published: May 2024

This work examines the evolution of military-scientific research and theory as it was taught to student-officers at the Nicholas Academy. It is the only work (in English or Russian) to focus on this intellectual-institutional dialogue in the context of evolving professional responsibilities of the Russian Imperial General Staff during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The book contains five portraits of influential Russian military theorists and educational administrators.Russian Imperial Doctrinefeatures extensive use of original Russian language bibliographic sources and extensive use of French, British and American archival sources.

Chapter One examines the introduction of post-Napoleonic strategic theory to Russian military traditions via the establishment of a higher military-educational institution to instruct officers of the Russian Imperial Army in the theory of conducting large-scale warfare. Chapter Two illustrates the interaction of the liberal intellectual community at the Academy with the Imperial Russian Geographical Society in the years before the Crimean War (1853-56). Chapter Three begins with a discussion of the confusion in the Russian military liberal-intellectual community over the wild fluctuations in Imperial policy toward reform in the mid to late 1850's. This is followed by a discussion of the era of institution-wide reform in the Russian Army and the Nicholas Academy under the tutelage of the newly appointed War Minister, D.A. Miliutin. Chapter Four discusses the dismissal of War Minister Miliutin in 1881 and the extent to which political conservatism dismantled the reformed military institutions and effected the curriculum of the Nicholas Academy. Chapter Five discusses the reform of military institutions and theory in the wake of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-05. This book serves equally well as a text for courses in Russian History, European Military Policy and Strategy, the History of Operational Art, and Military Command and Leadership.
Seasons of Learning
Authors: Howard Vernon A.
Published: May 2024

The first in-depth treatment of the school/work transition, this book raises the level of discussion above simple how to strategies. Howard considers the values, choices, responsibilities, and challenges facing the student leaving college or graduate/professional school. The transition from school to work entails a reconstruction of experience and of the self that marks the beginning of a crucial stage in the course of a life. Besides shifts in the aims and values attached to learning for school and for work, there are commitments and costs involved in professional life that require special consideration if one is to avoid the hazards of burnout, narrowness, and the loss of cherished skills. To survive personally and professionally in the new, ruthless economy, one needs to be highly adaptable and able to communicate well. In this thought-provoking book Howard underscores the utility of a broad liberal education as a preparation for work.
Secondary Schools
Authors: Villaverde Leila
Published: May 2024

A broad survey of secondary schools, their historical origins, and present-day goals, intentions, and practices in educating adolescents.

Secondary Schools: A Reference Handbookcharts the planning, designing, and administration of the various types of secondary schools in the U.S. and their goals. It maps the historical foundation of the school system, examines important social and cultural movements in education, analyzes legislation and policy issues, looks at standardization, and discusses reform.

Always keeping the needs of students in close focus, this book examines public and private institutions, vocational curricula, schools within schools, as well as target audiences for specific institutions, educational standards, accessibility, admission policies, student assistance, and other important subjects.
Sexual Exploitation of Patients by Health Professionals
Authors: Burgess Ann Wolbert
Published: May 2024

This book presents information about the sexual exploitation of patients by health professionals, an issue which is increasingly being brought to the forefront of public attention. The chapters in this book are written by an array of expert contributors including psychotherapists, psychiatrists, and lawyers, as well as by victims who provide first-hand accounts of their experiences.
Sexual Misconduct and the Future of Mega-Churches
Authors: Starks Glenn L.
Published: May 2024

Why have multiple mega-church leaders—Ted Haggard and Bishop Eddie Long, for example—committed acts of sexual misconduct? This book discusses the reasons in depth and examines how these acts are impacting the future of megachurches.

Mega-churches—churches with congregations that number in the thousands of worshippers—are growing in popularity in America and around the world. Shockingly, a growing number of megachurch leaders have committed acts of sexual misconduct. While these scandalous crimes have received much attention through the media, literature that examines the topic in detail has been lacking. This book examines the various aspects of sexual misconduct by megachurch leaders, providing a comprehensive review of the topic that discusses the direct and indirect reasons for these crimes.

The book provides unbiased, factual coverage of megachurch sexual abuse cases, covering issues surrounding the victims in specific cases, the role of the church, and notable ministers, such as Ted Haggard of New Life Church, Colorado Springs, CO; Bishop Eddie Long of New Birth Missionary Baptist Church, Lithonia, GA; and Joe Barron of Prestonwood Baptist Church, Dallas, TX. The author also discusses how these incidences have impacted societal perceptions of religion, and large churches, and religious organizations, and provides recommendations to curb future cases of sexual abuse within megachurches.
Sitting Bull
Authors: Rielly Edward J.
Published: May 2024

A revered political, spiritual, and military leader, Sitting Bull was legendary for his stubbornness and battle prowess as head of the Lakota Sioux in the 1860s. His resistance of U.S. government encroachment onto Native lands and his fight to preserve Sioux culture inspired his people to do the same, culminating in the Battle of Little Bighorn. Despite his eventual surrender, Sitting Bull was one of the most influential figures in the history of U.S.-Native American relations. This accessible biography marks the first of several Native American volumes to come in the Greenwood Biographies series and is an essential supplement to any American history or Native American studies curricula.
The Slave Ship Clotilda and the Making of AfricaTown, USA
Authors: Robertson Natalie S.
Published: May 2024

Debates on reparations for slavery have emerged on national and international levels. However, much of the discourse centers on the legitimate slave trade. Few people are cognizant of the fact that the transatlantic slave trade consisted of both a legal trade and an illegal trade that began after January 1, 1808. Despite statutory prohibitions against slave smuggling, American citizens continued to smuggle African captives into the United States up to and beyond the threshold of the Civil War.The Slave Ship Clotilda and the Making of AfricaTown, USAis the only well-documented work of serious nonfiction that chronicles the transatlantic smuggling expedition of the slaver Clotilda during the slave trade's illegal period, dramatizing the plight of her captives from the point of capture in the West African interior to the point of disembarkation in Mobile, Alabama in 1860, and tracing the specific means by which the captives triumphed over their tragedy.

Thirty members of that fateful cargo established AfricaTown in Alabama, where many of their descendants still live. In 1927, Zora Neale Hurston interviewed Cudjo Kazoola, the last survivor of the Clotilda. InThe Slave Ship Clotilda and the Making of AfricaTown, USANatalie S. Robertson uses ethnography, cartography, linguistics, and oral history to connect the story of the Clotilda captives to their origins in Africa, through their ordeals on the middle passage, all the way to the issue of reparations in the present day. She incorporates indigenous African perspectives, Hurston's interviews, and sources such as the Clotilda's log, meshing diverse voices into a narrative that reveals the centrality of slavery, Africanisms, and resistance in American culture even today.
Soldiers' Lives through History - The Early Modern World
Authors: Showalter Dennis
Published: May 2024

Two distinguished historians tell the story of the early modern soldier of Europe, a figure often misunderstood, in the period spanning from 1494 to 1789. He is the freebooting Landsknecht of the sixteenth century, swaggering in dilapidated finery through the ruins he and his kind created. He is the mercenary of the Thirty Years War in the seventeenth century, rootless and masterless, brutalizing civilians for a few coins, destroying civilization's works for the pleasure of it. He is the uniformed automaton of the eighteenth century, initiative beaten out of him, fit to do no more than endure battles and floggings until he pitched into an anonymous grave.
Songs, Odes, Glees, and Ballads
Authors: Miles William
Published: May 2024

No candidate for President of the United States was ever elected or rejected because of a song, but since 1800 the campaign song appeared constantly (until 1964) amidst the paraphernalia of the electoral process. These songs, usually set to the common tunes of their day, were printed and distributed in the form of books or pamphlets named songsters. Until now, few serious studies of the American presidential campaign songster have been written. This vital work by William Miles brings bibliographic control to the study of the American presidential campaign by focusing on each campaign's songsters from 1840 to 1964.

The book is arranged chronologically according to election campaigns, and within each campaign by winner, loser, and third party candidates. Each entry contains information on authors, lyricists, or composers as determined from song title-pages, the volume itself, or other sources. Complete titles and imprint data follow within each entry, along with descriptive notes and references to libraries holding copies of the volume cited. Appendixes include a campaign song discography and a checklist of secondary sources.Songs, Odes, Glees, and Balladsshould prove to be of great value to music librarians, curators of special collections, political scientists with an interest in national election campaigns, historians, and collectors of and dealers in political Americana.
Steven Spielberg
Authors: Jackson Kathi
Published: May 2024

Steven Spielberg is hailed as one of the most influential and commercially successful film directors in motion picture history. Through his role in developing, directing, and driving the special effects of many of the biggest blockbusters in movie history, includingJaws, Raiders of the Lost Ark, E.T., Saving Private Ryan, Jurassic Park, Schindler's List,andMinority Report,Spielberg changed the way movies are made and left an indelible mark on popular culture. This biography traces his rise from shooting films as a shy young boy with the family's 8 mm camera to his first unpaid job at Universal Studios, to the rise of DreamWorks, the studio Spielberg founded and quickly turned into a filmmaking powerhouse. While Spielberg's best work may lie ahead, this compelling biography puts his legendary career and work to date into perspective by offering analysis and commentary from fans and critics alike.

Whether about an alien lost in suburbia or the battles of World War II, Spielberg has directed and produced many of the most talked about movies of the past 30 years. Students interested in the history of film and the filmmaking industry will find this biography endlessly fascinating.
Story
Authors: Thursby Jacqueline S.
Published: May 2024

Folklore is the cultural expression of a people, and it makes up key elements of the stories they tell. Using easily accessible language, this book defines, separates, and gracefully weaves together story and folklore. From the ancient world of traveling bards in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America, to the contemporary world of storytelling festivals, fan fiction, and digital story conferences, this reference unravels confusion between concepts of folklore and story, and demonstrates how they are linked. Included are numerous examples and texts, a review of critical approaches, and a discussion of story in literature and popular culture.

Story informs folklore, and folklore informs story. The complex relationship between them is compounded by many definitions and points of view generated by scholars over time. Humans construct their sense of the world through story, vernacular transmission, and folklore. Folklore is the cultural expression of people, and it makes up the key elements of the stories they tell. Written for high school students and general readers, this reference conveniently overviews story as a folklore genre.