bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning‐ and Word Embedding‐Based Heterogeneous Classifier Ensembles for Text Classification
Authors: Kilimci Zeynep H. , Akyokus Selim
Published: October 2018

The use of ensemble learning, deep learning, and effective document representation methods is currently some of the most common trends to improve the overall accuracy of a text classification/categorization system. Ensemble learning is an approach to raise the overall accuracy of a classification system by utilizing multiple classifiers. Deep learning‐based methods provide better results in many applications when compared with the other conventional machine learning algorithms. Word embeddings enable representation of words learned from a corpus as vectors that provide a mapping of words with similar meaning to have similar representation. In this study, we use different document representations with the benefit of word embeddings and an ensemble of base classifiers for text classification. The ensemble of base classifiers includes traditional machine learning algorithms such as naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and random forest and a deep learning‐based conventional network classifier. We analysed the classification accuracy of different document representations by employing an ensemble of classifiers on eight different datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the usage of heterogeneous ensembles together with deep learning methods and word embeddings enhances the classification performance of texts.
A Maximum Power Point Detection Method for Photovoltaic Module Based on Lambert W Function
Authors: Wu Haitao , Peng Lele
Published: October 2018

In order to verify the maximum power point tracking algorithm and evaluate, simulate, and optimize photovoltaic system, the maximum power point needs to be detected. In this paper, a maximum power point detection method for photovoltaic (PV) module based on Lambert W function is presented to achieve the high-precision detection. By using piecewise curve-fitting method, a maximum power point detection and optimization algorithm based on Lambert W function is proposed. Meanwhile, the characteristics of the DC-DC converter used for detection are analyzed in detail, and the working conditions of the converter which can realize full range detection are obtained. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method is investigated by modeling, simulation, and experiment of PV system. Furthermore, errors and statistical analyses are carried out to illustrate the precision of the proposed method. The results validate the model well with experimental work. Compared with previous methods in other works, the results demonstrate the proposed method correctness and effectiveness.
Dynamics Analysis and Control of a Five-Term Fractional-Order System
Authors: Yang Li-xin , Liu Xiao-jun
Published: October 2018

This paper proposes a new fractional-order chaotic system with five terms. Firstly, basic dynamical properties of the fractional-order system are investigated in terms of the stability of equilibrium points, Jacobian matrices theoretically. Furthermore, rich dynamics with interesting characteristics are demonstrated by phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams numerically. Besides, the control problem of the new fractional-order system is discussed via numerical simulations. Our results demonstrate that the new fractional-order system has compound structure.
Power-Serieswise McCoy Modules
Authors: Zhang Xinquan
Published: October 2018

Extending the notion of McCoy modules and power-serieswise Armendariz modules, we introduce the concept of power-serieswise McCoy modules. Various basic properties of these modules are discussed and many illustrative examples are provided. Moreover, power-serieswise McCoy modules are used to obtain results on some polynomial extensions and matrix extensions of a module.
Joint Amplitude and Frequency Demodulation Analysis Based on Variational Mode Decomposition for Multifault Diagnosis of a Multistage Reducer
Authors: Li Feng , Pang Xinyu , Yang Zhaojian
Published: October 2018

Multistage reducer vibration signals have complicated spectral structures owing to the amplitude and frequency modulations of gear damage‐induced vibrations and the multiplicative amplitude modulation effect caused by time‐varying vibration transfer paths (in the case of local gear damage) when the multistage reducer contains both planetary and spur gears. Moreover, the difference between the vibration energies of these gears increases the difficulty of fault feature extraction when multiple failures occur in the reducer. As the meshing frequency of each gear group often varies significantly, variational mode decomposition can be performed to decompose the vibration signal according to frequency, enabling separation of the vibration signals of the spur and planetary gears. The common fault features of these gears can be extracted from the spectrum of the amplitude demodulation envelope. To verify the effectiveness of this method, we first analyzed a simulation signal, and then utilized the experimental signals from a laboratory multistage reducer for verification. In the multistage reducer simulation, we considered the amplitude and frequency modulation of the gear damage and transfer paths. In the experimental verification, we processed local faults (broken teeth) and uniform faults (uniform wear) on the sun gear and the spur gear of the planetary gear separately.
Endovascular Clot Retrieval by Hub-and-Spoke Service Delivery is Feasible Compared with Direct-to-Mothership
Authors: van Veenendaal Penelope , Yan Bernard , Churilov Leonid , Dowling Richard , Bush Steven , Mitchell Peter
Published: October 2018

Background: Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR) improves outcomes for acute ischaemic stroke with large artery occlusion. However, the provision of ECR requires resource-intensive comprehensive stroke centres (CSC), which are impractical to establish in regional hospitals. An alternative is a “hub-and-spoke” model, whereby ischaemic strokes are triaged at the regional primary centres and where eligible, transferred to a CSC. We aimed to compare the outcomes of patients directly admitted to a CSC with patients treated in the “hub-and-spoke” model. We hypothesize that there are no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the 2 systems. Methods: We included patients undergoing ECR at a CSC. Patients were categorised into 2 groups; the first group included patients directly admitted to the CSC and the second group included patients in the “hub-and-spoke” model. Good clinical outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale 0–2 and the difference between the 2 groups was tested by logistic regression. Results: Of 178 patients, 50 (28%) presented directly to CSC and 128 (72%) were transferred from a referring hospital. The median age was 70 (interquartile range 58–77) and 61% were male. Thrombolysis in ischaemic cerebral-infarction 2b/3 recanalisation was achieved in 79% of patients. Of the direct group, 63% (95% CI 48–77%) achieved good clinical outcomes compared to 52% (95% CI 43–61%) in the “hub-and-spoke” group (p = 0.233). Conclusion: This state-wide service model demonstrates comparable clinical outcomes to that described in clinical trials. We found no significant difference in outcome between patients directly admitted to CSC and those with “hub-and-spoke” service delivery.
Id1/NR2B Receptor Pathway Regulates Rat Cochlear Sensory Epithelial Cell Survival after Radiation
Authors: Chen Junming , Zhou Xiaowei , Zou Tuanming , Wang Bochen  , Yu Youjun , Lin Feng , Chen Kangsong , Lai Yanbing , Sun Kai
Published: October 2018

Survival of cochlear sensory epithelial cells may be regulated by inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1) and the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor. However, it is unclear whether Id1 and the NMDA receptor are involved in the radiation-mediated survival of rat cochlear sensory epithelial cells. Here, we show that the percentage of apoptotic cells increased, the percentage of cells in the S phase decreased, Id1 mRNA and protein expression decreased and the NMDA receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) mRNA and protein level increased in OC1 cells after radiation. Cells infected with the Id1 gene exhibited higher Id1 mRNA and protein levels and lower NR2B mRNA and protein levels than the control cells. In contrast, after transfection of the Id1 siRNA into OC1 cells, Id1 mRNA and protein expression decreased and NR2B mRNA and protein expression increased relative to that of the control group. Additionally, treatment with ifenprodil for 24 h before radiation reduced apoptosis and increased the percentage of cells in the S phase. Our results suggest that Id1 and NR2B might regulate the survival of OC1 cells following radiation.
Participação entre campos
Authors: Tonetti Ana Carolina
Published: October 2018

Este artigo investiga a absorção e circulação do termo “prática espacial”, enunciado por Henri Lefebvre em “A Produção do Espaço” (1974), e sua atual utilização por parte da crítica para abarcar uma produção fundamentada em processos participativos que se coloca entre a arte e a arquitetura. Assim como uma determinada produção artística, reconhecida por Nicolas Bourriaud como “arte relacional”, dois projetos que integraram exposições recentes realizadas pelo Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA) possibilitam investigar de que maneira táticas do campo das artes contaminam uma arquitetura voltada para intervenções no espaço público e demonstram como instituições voltadas à reflexão e pesquisa em arquitetura destacam essas ações em suas exposições.
O lugar da casa-museu
Authors: Barbosa Paulo Eduardo
Published: October 2018

Neste artigo procuro relacionar o conceito de lugar, como proposto pelo geógrafo Milton Santos em diferentes momentos de sua produção acadêmica, à possibilidade de construção de um olhar às casas-museu, cujo foco em sua arquitetura e domesticidade permita reconhecê-las como documento de certa fricção entre a casa e a cidade.
Assim vivem as corruíras
Authors: Feliciani Mario Rui
Published: October 2018

Ensaio fotográfico. A cidade grande e a cidade de médio porte, com fortes marcas rurais de reserva florestal e plantações de frutas, percorridas pelo olhar perscrutador. As práticas do espaço (na expressão de Michel de Certeau) e alguns de seus praticantes, principalmente os excluídos da função econômica da cidade, da produção.
Superfícies de Contato Urbanas: Arquitetura, Espetáculo, Arte, Cidade.
Authors: Sanchez Renata Latuf de Oliveira
Published: October 2018

Este artigo tem como eixo central de análise o conceito de interface no contexto urbano, isto é, as superfícies de contato existentes na cidade, que se dão a partir de diferentes perspectivas, relacionadas à arquitetura, à arte e à tecnologia. Frente a um mundo cada vez mais codificado e reduzível a dados informacionais, com espaços urbanos em constante mutação e movimento, distâncias comprimidas mediadas por dispositivos eletrônicos, questiona-se como transformar uma vivência urbana tradicional e física em uma vivência mais ampla e virtual, ao mesmo tempo em que seja garantida uma ação participativa e não somente interativa. São analisados três estudos de caso de estruturas urbanas que passaram por processos de reinterpretação, a saber: a renovação urbana empreendida no High Line Park, em Nova Iorque; a ideia de um parque no Minhocão, em São Paulo; e a transformação urbana promovida pela retirada do viaduto Perimetral no centro do Rio de Janeiro. Tais exemplos dão base à discussão sobre diversas formas de interação com a cidade, sob aspectos de vigilância e controle, cidade como espetáculo, fruição do espaço público, prazer e entretenimento, interação vs. participação, valor de uso vs. valor de troca.
De convidado a anfitrião – a ânima local do CCBB Brasília
Authors: Oliveira Adelaide Cristina Nascimento de , Barroso Eloisa Pereira
Published: October 2018

O turista/visitante do Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil Brasília (CCBB) ressignifica os espaços enquanto o Centro, como anfitrião, adapta-se a essa necessidade. Este artigo repercute como a movimentação do espaço modificou o relacionamento da sociedade e do próprio mecenas, o Banco do Brasil, com o CCBB. E isso levando-se em conta o turismo e seu valor simbólico sobre um ambiente outrora inóspito e atualmente vivaz em seus lugares em constante transmutação. O texto ainda aborda o que leva uma instituição financeira a investir em um segmento que não é o seu, concentrando recursos em espaços com equipamentos próprios, prevendo programação regular e diversificada. O tão aclamado “sinta-se em casa” pode tornar o visitante indesejado, caso não aceite as regras do lugar – e ele tem inúmeras formas de fazê-lo. No entanto, o CCBB ocupou o Edifício Tancredo Neves, tornando-se um dos sítios mais aprazíveis na capital federal, ao transformar-se continuamente. O fato custou ao prédio o próprio nome, pois todos os que buscam pela programação cultural oferecida não se referem ao complexo pelo seu nome de batismo. O conjunto arquitetônico, inaugurado para ser o centro de formação dos funcionários do Banco do Brasil, tornou-se sinônimo de lazer voltado para os mais diversos públicos. O fluxo de visitantes é constante, ao ponto de transformar o CCBB DF no segundo museu/centro cultural mais visitado do Brasil. Sua hospitalidade é um elemento reconhecido e reforçado, seja na imprensa, nas mídias e redes sociais e, especialmente, nas manifestações dos visitadores. Nas reflexões sobre espaço, paisagem, território e lugar reconhece-se o ambiente como produtor de algo singular, que existe em função de construções de memória coletiva – e tal se dá em função da apropriação do CCBB pelo cidadão.
Love for sale
Authors: Firmo Adrienne De Oliveira
Published: October 2018

O artigo apresenta questionamentos quanto à autonomia do campo museal diante da financeirização da cultura no espaço social contemporâneo.
O que ficará amanhã como patrimônio deste tempo, dominado por - espaços em movimento?
Authors: Lourenço Maria Cecília França
Published: October 2018

O Editorial ressalta a importância de debate crítico sobre a atualidade, realizado por distintas modalidades. Entre estes questionamentos se encontram os constituídos por imagens, formas e palavras; instituições culturais; ações no espaço urbano, na fricção entre áreas voltadas ao sensível. Inicia-se com a pergunta: “O que ficará amanhã, como patrimônio deste tempo, dominado por – espaços em movimento”? Parcela dos debates aqui congregados comporá patrimônio, este entendido como conjunto de valores, caros ao período e capazes de representar esta era.
Association of Computed Tomographic Leg Muscle Characteristics With Lower Limb and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Morris Dylan R. , Skalina Tristan A. , Singh Tejas P. , Moxon Joseph V. , Golledge Jonathan
Published: October 2018

Background

Poor lower extremity physical performance is an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease (
PAD
); however, few studies have assessed muscle characteristics on imaging directly.

Method and Results

A novel 3‐dimensional semi‐automated protocol was developed to estimate leg muscle volume and density (mean attenuation) from computed tomography images. Patients with
PAD
who underwent a lower extremity computed tomography scan at a tertiary vascular surgery center were included, and were followed up using hospital records and linked data as part of a retrospective cohort study. The primary outcomes were lower limb events (major amputation or peripheral revascularization) and cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death). Two hundred and twenty‐three patients with
PAD
were included (median age 69.0 years; 73% men) and followed for a median of 4.9 [2.6–7.0] years. During this time there were 99 index lower limb events and 97 cardiovascular events. Low leg muscle density was associated with increased risk of lower limb (rate ratio 1.41 [1.11–1.80] per
SD
reduction) and cardiovascular events (rate ratio 1.60 [1.29–1.99] per
SD
reduction). Low muscle density remained an independent predictor of cardiovascular (but not lower limb) events, after adjusting for age, sex, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and angiographic
PAD
severity (rate ratio 1.39 [1.09–1.77] per lower
SD
). In contrast, leg muscle volume was not associated with outcomes after adjusting for risk factors and
PAD
severity.

Conclusions

Low leg muscle density, but not volume, is a strong, independent predictor of major cardiovascular events among people with
PAD
. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Worlding the Study of Global Environmental Politics in the Anthropocene: Indigenous Voices from the Amazon
Authors: Inoue Cristina Yumie Aoki
Published: October 2018

Many socioenvironmental struggles around the globe involve trying to protect the disappearance of other “worlds.” Along with biological diversity, human languages, traditions, understandings, and the intimate relationships between peoples and their lands are under attack through various forms of colonization, capital expansion, or simply the globalization of lifeways. Scholars of international relations have recently come to appreciate that the world is made up of many worlds, and that great pressures threaten to reduce its diversity. This work has been essential for understanding the struggle of maintaining many worlds on a single Earth. Such scholarship has yet to penetrate fully studies of global environmental politics (GEP). This article extends such sensitivity and scholarly effort to GEP by dialoguing with Indigenous ways of knowing. It argues that Indigenous struggles are struggles for the survival of many worlds on one planet and that we could learn from this. The intention is not to generalize Indigenous knowledge but rather to make a call for engagement. Through Creative Listening and Speaking, a worldist methodology, the article focuses on the Yanomami’s forest-world and presents a few perspectives to illustrate how relational ontologies, stories of nonhierarchical and dialogical divinities, make ways of knowing and being from which we could learn how to relate to the Earth as equals.
Evaluation of the Wyoming Weather Modification Pilot Project (WWMPP) Using Two Approaches: Traditional Statistics and Ensemble Modeling
Authors: Rasmussen Roy M. , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Xue Lulin , Weeks Courtney , Ikeda Kyoko , Landolt Scott , Breed Dan , Deshler Terry , Lawrence Barry
Published: October 2018

The Wyoming Weather Modification Pilot Project randomized cloud seeding experiment was a crossover statistical experiment conducted over two mountain ranges in eastern Wyoming and lasted for 6 years (2008–13). The goal of the experiment was to determine if cloud seeding of orographic barriers could increase snowfall and snowpack. The experimental design included triply redundant snow gauges deployed in a target–control configuration, covariate snow gauges to account for precipitation variability, and ground-based seeding with silver iodide (AgI). The outcomes of this experiment are evaluated with the statistical–physical experiment design and with ensemble modeling. The root regression ratio (RRR) applied to 118 experimental units provided insufficient statistical evidence (p value of 0.28) to reject the null hypothesis that there was no effect from ground-based cloud seeding. Ensemble modeling estimates of the impact of ground-based seeding provide an alternate evaluation of the 6-yr experiment. The results of the model ensemble approach with and without seeding estimated a mean enhancement of precipitation of 5%, with an inner-quartile range of 3%–7%. Estimating the impact on annual precipitation over these mountain ranges requires results from another study that indicated that approximately 30% of the annual precipitation results from clouds identified as seedable within the seeding experiment. Thus the seeding impact is on the order of 1.5% of the annual precipitation, compared to 1% for the statistical–physical experiment, which was not sufficient to reject the null hypothesis. These results provide an estimate of the impact of ground-based cloud seeding in the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains in Wyoming that accounts for uncertainties in both initial conditions and model physics.
An Adiabatic Mechanism for the Reduction of Jet Meander Amplitude by Potential Vorticity Filamentation
Authors: Harvey Ben , Methven John , Ambaum Maarten H. P.
Published: October 2018

The amplitude of ridges in large-amplitude Rossby waves has been shown to decrease systematically with lead time during the first 1–5 days of operational global numerical weather forecasts. These models also exhibit a rapid reduction in the isentropic gradient of potential vorticity (PV) at the tropopause during the first 1–2 days of forecasts. This paper identifies a mechanism linking the reduction in large-scale meander amplitude on jet streams to declining PV gradients. The mechanism proposed is that a smoother isentropic transition of PV across the tropopause leads to excessive PV filamentation on the jet flanks and a more lossy waveguide. The approach taken is to analyze Rossby wave dynamics in a single-layer quasigeostrophic model. Numerical simulations show that the amplitude of a Rossby wave propagating along a narrow but smooth PV front does indeed decay transiently with time. This process is explained in terms of the filamentation of PV from the jet core and associated absorption of wave activity by the critical layers on the jet flanks, and a simple method for quantitatively predicting the magnitude of the amplitude reduction without simulation is presented. Explicitly diffusive simulations are then used to show that the combined impact of diffusion and the adiabatic rearrangement of PV can result in a decay rate of Rossby waves that is 2–4 times as fast as could be expected from diffusion acting alone. This predicted decay rate is sufficient to explain the decay observed in operational weather forecasting models.
Suppression of Cold Weather Events over High-Latitude Continents in Warm Climates
Authors: Hu Zeyuan , Cronin Timothy W. , Tziperman Eli
Published: October 2018

Recent studies, using Lagrangian single-column atmospheric models, have proposed that in warmer climates more low clouds would form as maritime air masses advect into Northern Hemisphere high-latitude continental interiors during winter (DJF). This increase in low cloud amount and optical thickness could reduce surface radiative cooling and suppress Arctic air formation events, partly explaining both the warm winter high-latitude continental interior climate and frost-intolerant species found there during the Eocene and the positive lapse-rate feedback in future Arctic climate change scenarios. Here the authors examine the robustness of this low-cloud mechanism in a three-dimensional atmospheric model that includes large-scale dynamics. Different warming scenarios are simulated under prescribed CO2 and sea surface temperature, and the sensitivity of winter temperatures and clouds over high-latitude continental interior to mid- and high-latitude sea surface temperatures is examined. Model results show that winter 2-m temperatures on extreme cold days increase about 50% faster than the winter mean temperatures and the prescribed SST. Low cloud fraction and surface longwave cloud radiative forcing also increase in both the winter mean state and on extreme cold days, consistent with previous Lagrangian air-mass studies, but with cloud fraction increasing for different reasons than proposed by previous work. At high latitudes, the cloud longwave warming effect dominates the shortwave cooling effect, and the net cloud radiative forcing at the surface tends to warm high-latitude land but cool midlatitude land. This could contribute to the reduced meridional temperature gradient in warmer climates and help explain the greater warming of winter cold extremes relative to winter mean temperatures.
Linking Opioid-Overdose Data to Human Services and Criminal Justice Data: Opportunities for Intervention
Authors: Hacker Karen , Jones Latika Davis , Brink LuAnn , Wilson Abby , Cherna Marc , Dalton Erin , Hulsey Eric G.
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

In Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, the incidence of opioid-related overdose deaths increased from 17.4 per 100 000 population in 2008 to 23.9 per 100 000 population in 2014. Our objectives were to describe local demographic characteristics of this epidemic, identify public human services targets for intervention, determine temporal relationships between use of public human services and overdose mortality, and provide recommendations about potentially beneficial interventions.

Methods:

We used autopsy data from the Allegheny County Medical Examiner to link people who died of overdoses from 2008 through 2014 to their premortem incarcerations and use of mental health services and substance use disorder services. We calculated the frequency of use of public human services by decedents and the interval between the last use of these services and overdose death.

Results:

Of the 1399 decedents, 957 (68.4%) had a public human service encounter before overdose death. Of these 957 decedents, 531 (55.5%) had ever been incarcerated, 616 (64.4%) had ever used a mental health service, and 702 (73.4%) had ever used a substance use disorder service. Of 211 decedents incarcerated in the year before their overdose death, 54 (25.6%) overdosed within 30 days of their last release from jail. Of 510 decedents using mental health services in the year before death, 231 (45.3%) overdosed within 30 days of their last use of the services. Of 350 decedents using substance use disorder services in the year before their overdose death, 134 (38.3%) overdosed within 30 days of their last use of the services.

Conclusions:

Merging data on overdose mortality with data on use of public human services can be a useful strategy to identify trends in, and factors contributing to, the opioid epidemic; to target interventions; and to stimulate collaboration to address the epidemic.
Propaganda and the Continuity of Religious groups
Authors: Goddijn W.
Published: October 2018

La continuité d'un groupe postule nécessairement une incessante imprégnation de normes et de valeurs. Dans ce processus de tradition culturelle et de socialisation, les techniques modernes de propagande occupent une place importante. Il n'y a pas de consensus, chez les sociologues, au sujet de la fonction constructive ou destructive de la propagande moderne. La pastorale et l'apostolat des Eglises chrétiennes présentent, sous certains aspects, un caractère de propagande. L'auteur donne trois raisons qui militent en faveur d'une enquête portant sur la fonction socio-religieuse de la propagande. Enfin, il donne un aperçu de la controverse suscitée dans les milieux catholiques par l'utilisation, à des fins religieuses, des techniques modernes de propagande.
Supported Home Ownership and Adult Independence in Milan: The Gilded Cage of Family Housing Gifts and Transfers
Authors: Manzo Lidia KC , Druta Oana , Ronald Richard
Published: October 2018

This article analyses practices of intergenerational support for homeownership among different generations of families in Milan, Italy, highlighting the role of housing in family welfare relations and life-course transitions. It makes use of an original dataset of qualitative interviews investigating homeownership pathways and the negotiations of support that they pre-suppose. The article explores the meanings and moral reasoning behind the decision to accept (or not) support in context of contemporary discourses surrounding the liquidity and availability of housing and finance. It highlights the moral compromises and emotional negotiations inherent in the giving and receiving of support for housing, contributing to a body of literature concerned with the reproduction of home and family. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of homes and housing assets in mediating dependence and re-affirming family bonds within a family-oriented welfare context, despite conflict, resistance and frustrated aspirations.
Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic glass-fiber fabric for water-in-oil emulsion separation
Authors: Xu Buqin , Long Jin , Xu Guilong , Yang Jin , Liang Yun , Hu Jian
Published: October 2018

Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic glass-fiber fabric with high water-in-oil emulsion separation efficiency was prepared by a simple sol–gel process using MTES (triethoxymethylsilane) as precursor. The surface chemical composition, micromorphology, pore size distribution, thermal stability, and the wetting behavior of the glass-fiber fabric were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, capillary flow porometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and water (pH = 1–14)/oil contact angle measurement. The contact angle of the treated fabric at different temperatures was tested in a muffle furnace. The results show that the micromorphology of the glass-fiber fabric almost remains the same after MTES treatment, while the pore size of the treated glass-fiber fabric decreases slightly. Hydrophobic –CH3 groups are grafted onto the fiber surface and MTES copolymers are formed on the junction of fibers of the glass-fiber fabric. The treated glass-fiber fabric shows superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity and its separation efficiency for emulsified water in the oil can reach 96.80 wt %. Besides, the treated glass-fiber fabric can withstand acid/alkaline, high temperature environments and maintain high separation efficiency after multiple cycle uses.
Lobbying for rent regulation in Hong Kong: Rental market politics and framing strategies
Authors: Lau Mandy HM
Published: October 2018

Growing demand for private renting has stimulated debates on rent regulation in many cities. In Hong Kong, grassroots groups have lobbied for stronger rent regulation, in the context of rapidly rising rents. This paper seeks to interpret the evolving dynamics of the rent regulation debate in Hong Kong, from the 1990s to the present. In particular, the paper seeks to interpret changes in the lobbying strategies of advocacy groups, through applying theories from the sociological literature on framing processes. The findings reveal that advocates and opponents disagree because of divergent prognostic frames, despite their similar diagnosis of rental affordability problems. Furthermore, existing motivational frames are unable to mobilise support from a broader range of households. These insights are relevant not only to debates on housing policy, but also to other public policy areas, where the degree of resonance of motivational frames helps explain the change in momentum of policy advocacy work.
Legal geographies of neoliberalism: Market-oriented tenure reforms and the construction of an ‘informal’ urban class in post-socialist Phnom Penh
Authors: Flower Benjamin Cyrus Roger
Published: October 2018

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Cambodia’s transition from socialist to market-oriented tenure became associated with severe tenure insecurity for those living in areas of self-built housing in the capital, Phnom Penh. This paper explores the legal geographies of this tenure insecurity by assessing how low-income urban dwellers interacted with a rapidly shifting legal system. Through analysis of historical legal documents, survey data and archived land disputes, it is found that market-oriented tenure reforms were exclusionary by design, and directly resulted in an ‘informal’ tenure system that legally rendered self-built dwellings in a constant state of provisionality. The findings provide a critique of orthodox accounts of tenure reform in post-socialist cities, which propose the deepening of market reforms to increase security. Instead, the paper builds on critical legal geographies of neoliberalism by suggesting that insecurity in Phnom Penh was perpetuated by laws, rather than their absence or the circumventing of laws. The analysis also contributes to understandings of informal tenure by presenting a post-socialist, state-constructed and exclusionary system of informality.
Media Representations of Immigration in the Chilean Press: To a Different Narrative of Immigration?
Authors: Valenzuela-Vergara Emilia M.
Published: October 2018

This article examines representations of immigration in Chilean newspapers. From January to December 2016, a total of 507 articles from three mainstream newspapers were analyzed. The findings show a dual discourse on immigration in the Chileans press: a criminalization of immigrants, which frame them as delinquents, deviant, and dangerous people, and a positive and more humanizing discourse, which portrays them as people who deserve to be protected by the Chilean society. The study also finds a shift in the way media sources are representing immigration compared to previous reports, characterized by presenting alternative images of migrants, a more cautious use of language, and increased attention to the voices of governmental and religious leaders. Nevertheless, this shift has also intensified the “difference” and “otherness” of foreigners in Chile by repeatedly focusing on their nationality and differentiating between the “good” and “bad” immigrants.
Optimizing control of adsorption separation processes based on the improved moving asymptotes algorithm
Authors: Yang Yonghui , Chen Xuebo , Zhang Na
Published: October 2018

We adopt the orthogonal collocation finite element method to solve an equilibrium diffusion model of a simulated moving bed chromatography separation process. We propose an optimization strategy based on the improved moving asymptotes algorithm to improve system performance indexes. By the triangle theory, we verify the feasibility of the improved moving asymptotes method. The simulation results illustrate that the improved moving asymptotes method converges quickly and results in uniformly distributed optimal solutions. This work aims to show that the simulated moving bed process can be dynamically controlled and optimized using an optimizing controller based on the method of improved moving asymptotes, facilitating the design and operation of a simulated moving bed.
Integrative governance: The relationships between governance instruments taking center stage
Authors: Visseren-Hamakers Ingrid J
Published: October 2018

The fragmentation and complexity of governance are well recognized among scholars and policy makers. The debate on fragmentation has itself, however, also remained rather fragmented. This has inhibited the drawing of common lessons among the different communities, and has delayed the development of more concerted efforts to enhance synergies and address trade-offs between different societal goals. In order to move forward, this theme issue shows that the various disconnected debates are in essence trying to do the same thing—contribute to the discussion on the relationships between governance instruments. In order to do so, it is based on and advances the notion of Integrative Governance, defined as the theories and practices that focus on the relationships between governance instruments and/or governance systems. The theme issue serves the debate in two ways: (1) it contributes to the “defragmentation” of the debate by bringing together the different concepts and approaches used to study Integrative Governance and (2) it furthers the debate by addressing the main gaps in the Integrative Governance literature. Each article contributes to both aims of the theme issue by making conceptual links between the different approaches, and by addressing multiple gaps in the literature. As such, the theme issue as a whole contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between governance instruments, with a view to enhance these relationships and governance performance.
Ability, motivation, opportunity and sociodemographic determinants of Internet usage in Malaysia
Authors: Ojo Adedapo Oluwaseyi , Arasanmi Chris Niyi , Raman Murali , Tan Christine Nya-Ling
Published: October 2018

Further to the binary notion of accessibility and lack of accessibility to digital technology, this study examines Internet usage as the outcome of choice made by an individual to use the Internet. In identifying the determinants of choice, this study integrates the social cognitive theory notion of the human agency with the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) framework. The results of path modeling analysis of the data collected from 270 respondents in Malaysia showed that digital skill was the most significant predictor of Internet usage. Opportunity and extrinsic motivation were also significant predictors, whereas intrinsic motivation had no significant effect on Internet usage. Besides, the findings revealed that the traditional sociodemographic determinants of the digital divide are still prevalent in Malaysia.
Stigma and the in(visible) perspectives and expectations of home oxygen therapy among people with chronic breathlessness syndrome: A qualitative study
Authors: Breaden Katrina , Collier Aileen , Litster Caroline , Allcroft Peter , Currow David C , Phillips Jane L
Published: October 2018

Background:

Chronic breathlessness syndrome in the context of advancing disease is distressing for all concerned. Oxygen is commonly prescribed in this setting; however, little is known about the perspectives of breathless people who either are on oxygen or are yet to have it prescribed.

Aim:

To understand and describe the perspectives and experiences of breathless people towards oxygen use at home.

Design:

This qualitative study utilised an interpretive description approach using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis.

Setting/participants:

A total of 19 people with chronic breathlessness syndrome living in South Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Participants were divided into sub-groups according to whether they were chronically breathless and (1) not using home oxygen ( n = 6), (2) using funded home oxygen for severe hypoxaemia ( n = 7) and (3) using home oxygen for palliation outside of funding guidelines ( n = 6).

Results:

Three main themes were identified: (1) managing distress and living with chronic breathlessness syndrome, with or without oxygen, requires a range of self-management strategies; (2) expectations of oxygen use: ‘Not as good as I thought it would be’; and (3) the stigma of using oxygen: the visible and invisible.

Conclusion:

People living with chronic breathlessness struggle daily with both the progression of the underlying disease and the distressing nature of the syndrome. While oxygen does provide benefit for some people, its use and the perceptions of its use are often associated with both the visible and invisible manifestations of stigma. Clinicians need to promote self-management strategies and give careful thought to the prescribing of home oxygen, especially outside the current funding guidelines.
New scholarly pathways on green gentrification: What does the urban ‘green turn’ mean and where is it going?
Authors: Anguelovski Isabelle , Connolly James JT , Garcia-Lamarca Melissa , Cole Helen , Pearsall Hamil
Published: October 2018

Scholars in urban political ecology, urban geography, and planning have suggested that urban greening interventions can create elite enclaves of environmental privilege and green gentrification, and exclude lower-income and minority residents from their benefits. Yet, much remains to be understood in regard to the magnitude, scope, and manifestations of green gentrification and the forms of contestation and resistance articulated against it. In this paper, we propose new questions, theoretical approaches, and research design approaches to examine the socio-spatial dynamics and ramifications of green gentrification and parse out why, how, where, and when green gentrification takes place.
Dublin’s Lodger Phenomenon in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: McManus Ruth
Published: October 2018

Lodging and boarding were well-established housing options which played an important economic and social role in early twentieth-century cities, yet there has been little academic study of the phenomenon in an Irish context. For many people arriving to Dublin in search of work, as well as for adults who were not in a position to establish a separate household, lodging was an important accommodation choice. Offering lodgings was also economically beneficial to householders. Drawing on a range of sources, including census returns, city electoral rolls, newspaper and other archival sources, this article will examine the demographic and socio-economic profile of lodgers and the households in which they resided in Dublin in the early twentieth century. A wide variety of arrangements and durations of lodging is revealed for the period centred on the 1911 census, suggesting that this form of accommodation appealed to a diverse range of individuals due to their economic or family circumstances, or need for mobility.
A critical reflection on the reasoning behind, and effectiveness of, the application of the Pupil Premium Grant within primary schools
Authors: Copeland Joanne
Published: October 2018

The Pupil Premium Grant was introduced in 2011 with the aim to ‘close’ the attainment gap within education between children classified as disadvantaged and their peers. However, recent research has shown that this gap appears to be widening across the education sector. This article explores the reasons why the Pupil Premium Grant was introduced, giving commentary on the political rationale behind the additional funding. It asks whether the Pupil Premium Grant can ever hope to counteract the impact of a child’s socioeconomic background, especially when successive governments have continually changed political educational interventions. Parental engagement is also discussed, and the influence of a home learning environment demonstrated. The impact socioeconomic background has on cognitive development is also highlighted. Finally, successful strategies for using the Pupil Premium Grant are debated. It is suggested that currently there is no way to determine whether the Pupil Premium Grant is counteracting such a deep-rooted educational issue.
Improved Medication Management With Introduction of a Perioperative and Prescribing Pharmacist Service
Authors: Nguyen Anny D. , Lam Alice , Banakh Iouri , Lam Skip , Crofts Tyron
Published: October 2018

Background:

The medication lists in pre-admission clinic (PAC) questionnaires completed by patients prior to surgery are often inaccurate, potentially leading to medication errors during hospitalization. Studies have shown pharmacists are more accurate when obtaining a medication history and transcribing prescription orders, thereby reducing errors.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of a PeRiopErative and Prescribing (PREP) pharmacist on postoperative medication management.

Methods:

A randomized prospective interventional study enrolled elective surgery patients at high risk for medication misadventure to receive PREP pharmacy service or usual care (control group). A best possible medication history (BPMH) was obtained by the PREP pharmacist and was available to surgical staff on admission. The PREP pharmacist also prepared discharge prescriptions for their patients. The primary outcomes for the study were accuracy of BPMH and discharge prescriptions compared to usual care. The study was powered to 80% with 2-tailed significance α of .05.

Results:

The medication history in the PREP pharmacist group had fewer errors than the control group: 9% (5/53) versus 96% (49/51; P < .001). Discharge prescriptions prepared by the PREP pharmacist had fewer errors than control group: 25% versus 78% ( P < .001). Significantly, more PREP pharmacist patients received a discharge summary with a complete medication list: 75% versus 33% ( P = .001). Inpatient prescribing was more accurate in the PREP pharmacist patients: 0.64 versus 1.31 errors per patient ( P = .047).

Conclusion:

Inclusion of the PREP pharmacist role in the elective surgery multidisciplinary team improved the accuracy of medication histories, inpatient prescribing, and discharge prescriptions for patients at high risk of medication misadventure.
Composite action of the track slab and the self-compacting concrete filling layer subjected to train-induced fatigue load: An experimental investigation
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Yu Zhiwu , Xiang Ping , Jin Cheng
Published: October 2018

To investigate the composite performance of the track slab and the self-compacting concrete filling layer in the China Railway Track System III slab track structure, six segmental specimens comprising either one or a pair of sleepers were fabricated by dividing a full-scale slab track structure. Fatigue tests in the transverse bending perpendicular to the rail were conducted on four slab track specimens supported on rubber plates simulating the subgrade, to a maximum of five million applied load cycles. It was observed in the fatigue tests that longitudinal cracks first appeared on the top surface of the track slab at the mid-span of the specimen. Splitting cracks appeared later from the anchorage ends of the transverse prestressed tendons to the top surface of track slab. Delamination of the track slab–filling layer interface developed with increasing number of cycles. Static three-point bending tests were also conducted on both fatigue-damaged and control composite plate specimens to evaluate the effect of fatigue damage on the composite performance of the track slab and the filling layer. In the static tests, significant deformation developed in the fatigue-damaged specimens from the start of loading, and the fatigue damage and interface delamination adversely affected the composite action of the track slab and the filling layer. Static loads corresponding to new cracking of the fatigue-damaged composite plates were reduced by 20–30%, and the load corresponding to the initial interlayer slip reduced by 25–62% compared with the control specimens. The interfacial bond strength between the track slab and the filling layer is the first line of defense against the interlayer slip, and the dowel action of the interlayer connection reinforcement is the second line of defense. Roughening by multitooth chiseling on the track slab and an increase in the ratio of interlayer connection reinforcements are both effective ways to enhance the composite action of the track slab and the filling layer.
Experimental and numerical investigation on the effect of projectile nose shape in low-velocity impact loading on fiber metal laminate panels
Authors: Ahmadi H , Ekrami M , Sabouri H , Bayat M
Published: October 2018

In this paper, low-velocity impact responses of 2/1 GLARE 3 (a commercial type of fiber metal laminate) specimens were studied experimentally and numerically. The effects of indenter's nose shape (flat, conical, and hemispherical) on energy absorption and failure mechanisms were thoroughly investigated. Drop weight testing machine with different impact energies was used for experimental tests and numerical simulation was also carried out. Failure mechanisms, such as delamination, debonding, aluminum sheet rupture, and composite laminate fracture, were discussed by sectioning the tested specimens. The results indicate that maximum and minimum contact force occurred with flat and conical indenters, respectively. Also, the target absorbs the utmost energy under the penetration of flat indenter and least energy during conical indenter perforation. It is depicted that the deflection at the peak load represents the main failure of the panel. Consequently, front aluminum sheet failure is determinant in fiber metal laminate panels impacted by flat and hemispherical indenters where back aluminum sheet is more significant for fiber metal laminate panels impacted by the conical indenter. Numerical simulation verified by experimental results is extended to lower impact weights and more velocities, which are discussed.