bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Thermal-Wet Environment Testing and Analysis of Underground Plant Traffic Tunnel
Authors: Jin Hong Wen , Xiao Yi Min
Published: May 2011

This article takes underground powerhouse as engineering objects, adopting manual and automatic monitoring way to measure the inlet air temperature and the relative humidity of the 7 cross-sections underground traffic tunnel, and the temperature inside the cave wall in 3 working conditions. Furthermore, this article analyzes the results and expounds the causes for fog and condensation inside the tunnel. Finally, it proposes some effective measures to solve the problems, which can be applied to the similar air conditioning system design of the underground buildings.
Experimental Study on Steel Frames Infilled with Sandwich Composite Panels
Authors: Qiu Can Xing , Hou He Tao , Liu Wei Long , Wu Ming Lei
Published: May 2011

A model of full scale one-bay, one storey was tested under low cyclic loading in order to study the hysteretic behavior of steel frames with sandwich composite (SC) panels. According to the failure pattern and damage process of test specimen, seismic behaviors were evaluated. Hysterics loops, skeleton curves, curves of strength degradation, and curves of stiffness degradation, ductility index and viscous damping coefficient were analyzed. Test results show that the failures of panels mainly occurred around the embedded parts, but compared with traditional panels and walls, SC panels exhibit a better integration. The connection between panel and steel frame is vital to the mutual work of the two parts. Finally, seismic design recommendations based on the analysis of ductility index and energy dissipation of the structures are presented.
Mechanism of Convective Heat Transfer of Airflow in Deep Airway
Authors: Wang Yi Jiang , Zhou Guo Qing , Wu Lei , Lu Yong
Published: May 2011

With the increase of mining depth, an investigation of the convective heat transfer of airflow in deep airway is urgently required. The velocity and temperature distribution were derived by using the turbulence model for smooth tube. In order to simplify calculation and avoid the complicated calculation of integration, with the help of velocity-temperature distribution analogy, the criterion equation of convective heat transfer was obtained by using the model of constant heat flux. The coefficient of convective heat transfer between airflow and airway was calculated, and criterion correlation of convective heat transfer was regressed according to test data. Test results show that the axial temperature distribution of airflow is linear, which is encouraging agreement with theoretical calculating results. Hence model of constant heat flux is a viable method for studying the convective heat transfer of airflow in deep airway.
Mesoscale Numerical Simulation of a Downburst
Authors: Wang Yi Fei , Qu Wei Lian , Wang Bin , Li Yan , Ji Bai Feng
Published: May 2011

Downburst winds with their great destructive power have caused destruction of numerous engineering structures around the world. Study on wind loadings of downburst is essential and hot in the wind engineering field. But various meteorological factors of downburst formulation are not considered in existing research methods in the wind engineering field. In this paper, a downburst case is simulated by using a numerical weather prediction model ARPS from the meteorological point of view. The simulation results successfully reproduce the wind field characteristics while downburst occurring. The study in this paper aims at introducing meteorological method and knowledge to the wind engineering field, and the results of mesoscale numerical simulation in this study will be used in the small-scale numerical simulation as initial data in further study.
Failure Characteristics of Engineering Structure in Flood of Danfeng
Authors: Liu Ming , Huang Hua , Hou Jian Ling , Liu Bo Quan
Published: May 2011

According to the field survey of the damaged engineering structure suffered the flood on July 23rd in Danfeng County, it is analyzed that the failure modes and characteristics of elementary and secondary schools, village and small town residence, roads, bridges and others under the effect of extreme loads, such as debris flow , mountain torrent, landslide and so on. Natural environment must be practically protected in the mountainous area easy to suffer natural calamities. What’s more, good flood carrying capacity of the channels must be assured. Site selection of all different kinds of projects must be serious and careful, and they cannot be located in the ditch mouth of mountain torrents, occupy the flood carrying channels, or be too close to channel bank. Protection works must be set up for the key projects, and the revetment, retaining wall, longitudinal dike, spur dike and others should be fully utilized to resist, eliminate, or weaken extreme loads. It is necessary to strengthen the quality supervision of all diverse kinds of projects in the villages and small towns, perfect the design and construction process, and enhance the anti-scouring capability of the foundation of the projects.
Study on Temperature Prediction Model of Asphalt Concrete Pavement
Authors: Zheng Yuan Xun , Cai Ying Chun , Zhang Ya Min
Published: May 2011

This study presents a kind of new model correlates air and pavement temperatures in bituminous pavement. Based on abundant measured temperature data in Henan Province, China, distribution laws in asphalt conctete pavement temperature is studied detailed and the dependency between air and pavement temperature is discussed by the method of regression analysis and the prediction models of asphalt pavement temperature are established. Comparisons between measured and predicted asphalt pavement temperatures indicate that the models are equipped with comprehensive applicability and excellent accuracy.
Model of Complicate Pipe Network Computation of Building Smoke Control System
Authors: Wu Feng Liang
Published: May 2011

According to the deficiency of present complicate pipe network’s calculating methods in smoke control system, a calculation model of complicate pipe network in buildings smoke control system is established here based on the theory of ventilation network. Graph Theory is used to obtain the model of pipe network in a smoke control system, air leak branch is applied to deal with air leak channels between pressurization area and non-pressurization area in a positive pressure smoke control system, and the equivalent air resistance of air leak branch is also calculated. Based on the equations of nodes flow balance and loop pressure balance, the calculation model of complicate pipe network is built to obtain the distribution method of air flows in a pipe network. The concept of fixed flow branch is introduced here to compute the total pressure drop and airflow regulation parameters of a pipe network. The research work in this paper perfects the calculation methods of complicate pipe network in a building smoke control system.
Whole Process Wind Characteristics Field Measurements of a Strong Wind
Authors: Yang Ke , Shi Wen Hai , Li Zheng Nong
Published: May 2011

This paper presents field measurement results of boundary layer wind characteristics over typical open country during the passages of typhoon Fung-wong passed by Wenzhou in July 2008. The field data such as wind speed and wind direction were measured from two propeller anemometers placed at the height of about 30m. The measured wind data are analyzed to obtain the information on mean wind speed and direction, turbulence intensity, gust factor, turbulence integral length scale and spectra of wind speed fluctuations. The results clearly demonstrate that the turbulence intensity and gust factor of typhoon Fung-wong are larger than normal, and there is a tendency for the turbulence intensities to decrease with the increase of the mean wind speed, however, there is another tendency for the turbulence integral length scale to increase with the increase of the mean wind speed. The power spectral densities of fluctuating wind speed in longitudinal and lateral directions obtained from the measured wind speed data roughly fit with Von Karman spectra. The results presented in this paper are expected to be of use to researchers and engineers involved in design of low-rise buildings.
Finite Element Analyze for a Connection between Steel Reinforced Concrete Filled with Steel Tube Column and Steel Beam
Authors: Xu Ya Feng , Sun Peng Ju , Zhang Li
Published: May 2011

According to the existed theory foundation, the authors made a simulated analysis on mechanical properties of a connection between steel reinforced concrete filled with steel tube column and steel beam, using ABAQUS, which is a finite element software. The authors established element model reasonably, and got load- displacement curve in different axial compression ratios. According to the result, with the increasing of axial compression ratio, the elements' limit bearing capacity reduces significantly.
Study on Simulation Technology of Earthquake Disaster Scene
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Sun Bai Tao , Yan Pei Lei , Zhao Peng
Published: May 2011

Based on the technology such as remote sensing(RS), geographic information system(GIS), 3D simulation, and damage prediction, the simulation technology of earthquake disaster scene (STEDS) is the important content of digital disaster reduction and has important research value, which can be used to decision support, virtual training, and popular science education and so on. The general idea of STEDS is introduced in this paper and the key technologies to simulate an earthquake disaster scene livingly are analyzed. Taking a real city for example, the disaster scene of building blocks is completed, which take different colors as the signs of different damage levels under earthquake effect. The 3D building model bases are established by 3D modeling technology, which include 3D intact building models and the damage ones with different damage levels. Based on the replacement rules of models, the preliminary disaster scene of 3D damage building models is realized.
Behaviour of Slope Protecting and Retaining Structures during Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12 2008
Authors: Chen Fei , Deng Jian Hui , Wei Jin Bng , Tai Jia Jia
Published: May 2011

At 14:28, May 12th 2008, a strong earthquake measured Ms8.0 hits Longmenshan mountain area, west Sichuan province, China. The quake is induced by the thrust of Longmenshan central fault, results in around 50000 rock avalanches and landslides, destroys numerous villages and towns, and causes nearly 90000 fatalities or missing. Based on field reconnaissance, the geology and fault patterns in Longmenshan mountain area are firstly introduced, then the damage or failure phenomena of slope protecting and retaining structures in quake-hit area is described and discussed, including slide-resistant piles, gravity retaining walls, shotcrete, anchored concrete frame, cable bolts and protecting nets. Special discussion is given to the behaviour of cable bolts based on measured data. And finally design issues is discussed in quake-prone areas.
Contrastive Analysis of the Mechanics Behavior of Concrete-Filled Rectangular Steel Tube Frame Structure with Filler Wall
Authors: Wen Yang , Li Cong
Published: May 2011

Through the Quasi-Static test on two specimens of CFRST frame (KJ)and two specimens of CFRST frame with filler walls(TKJ) in horizontal load, the paper analyses the hysteretic curves of two structures contrastively, ductility, strength and stiffness degradation, consumption energy capacity, failure mechanism and failure characteristics, and also analyses the influence of various parameters on the seismic performance and the mechanical properties. The results show that the filler walls increase the stiffness of the structure, and especially in the early loading it is more significant. It is obvious to reduce the p-Δ effect of the column at the normal using stage. The deformability of frame without filler wall is greater than that of frame with filler wall. But the damage process of frame with filler wall is a flat curve, and it meets the demand of ductile frame. Through the hysteretic curve we can know that the dissipative energy capacity of frame without filler wall is good in contrast with that of frame with filler wall. Then the ductility factor of CFRST frame with filler wall is greater than that of RC frame with filler wall. So we can conclude that the CFRST frame has wonderful superiority on bearing capability, seismic behavior and effective use of material.
Determination and Comparison of Optimal Placement Scheme for Dalian Internatioanl Trade Mansion
Authors: Yi Ting Hua , Li Hong Nan , Gu Ming
Published: May 2011

This paper considers the problem of locating sensors on the flexible structures with the aim of maximizing the data information so that structural dynamic behavior could be fully characterized. Since only translational degrees of freedoms (DOFs) are considered for possible sensor installation in the state-of-the-practice, a method which could avoid distinguishing the translational and rotational DOFs is presented. In order to realize the proposed method and to demonstrate its effectiveness, three different sensor placement techniques, EfI, EfI-DPR and Uniform, were employed to a super tall building. The calculation results showed that the proposed method is easy in understanding and could be used practically by civil engineers. EfI method provides a more effective method for optimal sensor placement than other ones to identify the vibration characteristics of the studied building.
Experimental Study and Finite Element Analysis on Dynamic Property of the Reinforced Concrete Frame-Bent Structure
Authors: Bai Xiao Hong , Xie Lei , Wang Tao
Published: May 2011

Based on the R.C. frame-bent structure in a large-scale thermal power plant’s main building, a 1/7 scale model has been tested by man-excitaiton to determine its’ dynamic properties. The former three frequencies and vibration modes of the model are obtained, and the dynamic property of the original structure is studied based on model similarity theory. At last, modal analysis of plane model and spatial model of prototype are discussed by using ANSYS FEA software, and the spatial dynamic preperty of the irregular structure is analyzed.
Dynamic Analysis for Collision Between a Plate and Supports Subjected to Instantaneous Protection Structural Loads
Authors: Feng Shu Fang , Wang De Rong , Lu Hao
Published: May 2011

The supports of plate will be damaged under instantaneous impulsive loads. Dynamic issues of collision between a plate and its supports are equivalent to a problem of plate under uniformly distributed impulse. Based on thin plate theory, thick plate theory and infinite plate theory, dynamic responses of a plate under uniform impluses are analyzed. In the analysis, the effects of shear deformation and moment of intertia on dynamic behaviours of plate (frequence, flexibility and interal force etc) are respectively considered. The results indicated that the deflections calculated under thin plate theory are smaller than those of thick plate theory, and the internal force are much more smaller. Therefore, shear deformation and moment of inertia should must be taken into accounted for the correctly calculation. Besides, the different calculate results between infinite plate theory and thick theory shows that the infinite plate theory can be used for thick plate calculation when the length-width ratio is larger than 5 for the discrepancy of deflections and internal forces is very small on this condition.
Environment Impact Comparison of Different Structure System Based on Life Cycle Assessment Methodology
Authors: Xiong Hai Bei , Zhao Yang
Published: May 2011

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of a building is a new methodology which accepted as one of the best ways to estimate the environment impacts of a building during its life. In this paper, LCA analysis on a primary school wooden dormitory was conducted using Athena software firstly. Then two others construction materials, namely, concrete and brick, were assumed to be adopted to construct the dormitory. Also the LCA analysis was conducted on the two dormitories using concrete and brick. The comparison on LCA results of the three buildings using different construction materials showed that the dormitory constructed by wood is relatively greener than that of dormitory constructed by concrete and brick.
FEM Analysis on Tensile Forces of Liner System with a Change of Slope Angle
Authors: Xu Si Fa , Wang Zhe , Wang Guo Cai
Published: May 2011

As there is a few area or topographic factors for landfill site, the slope angle becomes steeper because it makes much disposal capacity. Tensile force in the geotextile is caused by compaction work of disposed waste, and the tensile force is transferred into the liner system by friction, but the tensile force of liner system will change with a change of slope angle, so it is very important to determine the amount of tensile forces creating at the fixed ends of liner system for avoiding the tearing failure of liner system and designing the anchorage. In this paper, FEM analyses, in which the joint element was used to model the interface between the liner system, were conducted to estimate the tensile forces creating at the fixed ends of liner system with a change of slope angle from 1:2.5 to 1:0.2. The analysis results show that the tensile forces creating at the fixed end of liner decrease as the slope angle increases.
Preliminary Analysis on Progressive Collapse of Composite Frames with Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns
Authors: Shi Yan Li , Zhou Xiao Yan , Wang Wen Da
Published: May 2011

Progressive collapse is a chain reaction of failure that relates local damage to large disproportional scale collapse in a structure. At present the research against progressive collapse focused on reinforced concrete (RC) and steel structures. This paper presented the state-of-the-art of study on progressive collapse of structures. A preliminary analysis on the progressive collapse of a typical planar composite frame with concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns was performed using ABAQUS. Some general conclusions were given to refer for the further research on the composite frames.
A Two-Stage Kalman Estimation Approach for the Identification of Structural Parameters under Unknown Inputs
Authors: Lei Ying , Jiang Yong Qiang
Published: May 2011

Detection of structural damages is critical to ensure the reliability and safety of structures. So far, some progresses in structural identification have been made. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been one of the classic time-domain approaches for the identification of structural parameters. However, since the extended state vector contains both the state vector and the structural parameters, EKF approach can identify limited numbers of nonlinear structural parameters due to computational convergence difficulty. To overcome such problem, a two-stage Kalman estimation approach, which is not available in the previous literature, is proposed for the identification of structural parameters. In the first stage, state vector of structures is considered as an implicit function of the structural parameters, and the parametric vector is estimated directly based on the Kalman estimator. In the second stage, state vector of the structure is updated by applying the Kalman estimator with the structural parameters being estimated in the first stage. Therefore, analytical recursive solutions for the structural parameters and state vector are respectively derived and presented, by using the Kalman estimator method in a two-stage approach. The proposed approach is straightforward. Moreover, it can identify more numbers of nonlinear structural parameters with less time of iteration calculation compared with the conventional EKF. A numerical example of identifying the parameters of an 8-storey shear-frame structure is conducted. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective and accurate.
Application of Time Difference on Arrival Technique to Roadside Slope Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Ning , Zhang Xiao Chun , Li Wei Nong
Published: May 2011

In China, many highways were built near high mountains where landslide often happened and threatened the traffic safety. Slope monitoring is key issue that could reduce long-term losses and ensure traffic safety on the highways. In this paper, based on the research project sponsored by government, the slope stability monitoring plan was discussed. On the basis of investigation of the art of state methods, synthetic monitoring system was chosen for the landslide early-warning system of national highway 104. It comprised of Time Difference on Arrival monitoring method on the roadside surface as well as inside the underground methods such as borehole inclinometers, piezometers and the earth pressure cells. Then Time Difference on Arrival methodology was focused on, and the location error was analyzed in detail. According to, the theoretic analysis and practical consideration, the optimized arrangement plan of Time Difference on Arrival transducers was proposed. The sketch of all kinds of sensors for the whole system was provided as well, which will ensure the installation of the early-warning system.
Numerical Study of a New Variable Friction TMD
Authors: Qin Li , Yan Wei Ming , Guo Sheng Bo
Published: May 2011

The paper proposes a new variable friction system, of which the friction force can increase linearly with the displacement of system. This new system can be used in TMD to avoid the disadvantage of Coulomb friction TMD. Using first order harmonic balance method, the equivalent damping ratio and frequency of SDOF variable friction system is deduced and analyzed. The frequency response characteristics of SDOF variable friction system is discussed. The control effectiveness of variable friction TMD under harmonic excitation is analyzed theoretically. The results demonstrate that the frequency response curves of variable friction TMD and classically damped TMD are similar and both can effectively reduce structural response under harmonic excitation.
Reinforcement Technology of Space Grid Structure for Reconstruction of Shandong Qufu Xingtan Theater
Authors: Weng Lian Fen , Gong Ming , Liu Zhen Hua , Wang Xiao Bei
Published: May 2011

Shandong Qufu Xingtan Theater, originally built for an open-air theater, was designed as a one-time temporary structure with bolt ball junction double-layer regular pyramids grid structure roofing system. Because of the transformation of open-air structure system to an enclosed construction, some members of the space grid structure can not meet the required bearing capacity. According to the mechanical performance of space grid structures, the reinforcement methods of “circular steel jacketing” and “lateral support” are conducted, which are based on the analysis of the stress and stability characteristics of different grid members. By using the methods given above, the stress and slenderness ratio is decreased. The results indicate that the two reinforcement methods can reduce the difficulty in construction, shorten the construction period, and gain good economic and social benefit.
Modeling of Rock and Soil Aggregate under the Condition of Uniaxial Compression
Authors: He Jian Ming , Li Xiao , Li Teng Fei , Li Shou Ding
Published: May 2011

Rock and soil aggregate (RSA) is a special geo-material and composed of hard matrix like gravel, cobble, pebble and soft matrix of soil. Discontinuity and heterogeneity are the main characteristics of RSA and its mechanical response is mainly controlled by its complex internal structure. The rock fragments play very important role in the mechanical performances under the condition of uniaxial compression and the rock content (the volume percent of rock fragments in RSA) of RSA is the focus of this study. RSA models with different rock content based on the structural characteristics were built for the numerical uniaxial test. The strength of RSA decreases instead with the increment of rock contents, stress-strain curves attained in the test reflect five different phases according to the deformation and failure process of samples.
Finite-Element Analysis for CFRP Reinforced Old RC Beam under Secondary Loading
Authors: Cheng Jin , Wang Ru Heng , Jia Bin
Published: May 2011

This document considered mechanical property of carbonated concrete and existing non-carbonated concrete, discussed the remaining effective area and mechanical property of the corroded steel bar and then compared the mechanical performance of CFRP reinforced old RC beam before and after secondary loading. The result shows that although the mechanical property of concrete and steel bar changed after secondary loading, the bearing capacity of normal section of old RC beam was significantly improved by bonding CFRP sheet. Moreover, the results of numerical simulation will be much closer to those of practical projects if we sufficiently consider the changes on mechanical performance of the materials.
Research on Cross-Sectional Area Converting Principle Based Model of FRP Confined Concrete Axial Compressive Strength
Authors: Zhu Tian Zhi , Zhang Ming , Dong Yan Ying
Published: May 2011

Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) has been widely used in structure reinforcement processing. It is a comparatively mature field in computational models of cylindrical axial compressive strength on FRP confined concrete. In this paper, we conduct a possessive analysis on the axial compressive property that is based on the cylindrical stress model of FRP confined concrete, considering the difference among square column section, rectangular column and cylindrical column. Meanwhile, based on cross-sectional area and moment of inertia equivalent principles, we propose an equivalent diameter formula for converting rectangular column section into cylindrical column section. We also introduce sectional influence coefficients to modify ultimate strength and establish a model of ultimate strength for FRP confined concrete. Furthermore, we use the existing experimental data to test the validity and feasibility of the model. Experimental Results of the computational model are quite coincident and consistent with the tests. Computational model can reflect the true characteristics of FRP confined concrete. Therefore, the models proposed in this paper are significant in the practice of construction project.
Study on the Rehabilitation and Strengthening Technology of an Auxiliary Shaft RC Headframe in a Colliery
Authors: Lv Heng Lin , Xu Geng Long , Ding Shi Jie , Feng Shou Zhi , Xu Chun Hua
Published: May 2011

After a long period time of working, an auxiliary shaft RC headframe in a colliery got series quality problems, such as the concrete carbonation of the RC members, the concrete loosen and spalling, the exposed steel bar, steel corrosion and the degradation of the bond quality. After making a detailed operating environment and safety detection and evaluation, we studied the deterioration mechanism and the rehabilitation and strengthening technology. Considering that the headframe belongs to the special structures of colliery, we emphatically introduced the strengthening design method and process in order to provide the similar reinforcement project with a reference.
Fatigue Performance of Corroded RC Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets
Authors: Song Li , Yu Zhi Wu
Published: May 2011

The paper presents the results of an experimental study on fatigue performance of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams repaired with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. Five beams were constructed. One specimen was strengthened and not corroded; another four specimens were corroded and was strengthened with CFRP sheets. Five specimens were tested in fatigue. The results showed that steel bars corrosion reduced the fatigue life significantly while the CFRP strengthening enhanced the fatigue performance significantly. The effects of reinforcement corrosion on fatigue behavior of the strengthening beam can be attributed to a combination of four factors, including deteriorated bond behavior between reinforcement bras and surrounding concrete, loss of effective cross-section area of reinforcement, the stress concentration on steel bars, and degradation of mechanical properties of steel bars.
Structure Detection and Reinforcement Method Study of Jiangsong Villa in Xiangshan Temple of Longmen Scenic Spot
Authors: Gao Xiao Juan , Li Yue Hui
Published: May 2011

Jiangsong villa is the famous ancient architecture in Longmen scenic spot. The appearance and structural members of villa are damaged seriously because of long-term natural action. Load bearing capacity of the structure reduces largely and should be repaired immediately for the cultural relic protection and tourism development. According to the surrounding requirement of scenic spot, the performance of damaged members is detected and reasonable reinforcement methods are put forward in this paper.
Flexural Performance of Corroded RC Beams Strengthened with Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Li Jian Hui , Li Ying , Deng Zong Cai
Published: May 2011

The research program is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of application of good ductile hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) to upgrade corroded RC beams. A total of 5 RC beams are tested under flexural load, the results show that compared with the un-strengthened corroded RC beam, the crack, yield, maximum and ultimate load of corroded RC beam strengthened with hybrid FRP sheets is increased by 14%, 35%, 102% and 109% respectively, and the displacement ductility factor is only decreased by 11%, which indicate that the hybrid FRP sheets can improve significantly the flexural performance of corroded RC beam.
Flexural Behaviors of Concrete Slab Reinforced with GFRP Bars
Authors: Gu Hao Sheng , Zhu Da Yu
Published: May 2011

This paper attempts to reveal the flexural behaviors of concrete slab reinforced with GFRP bars. Through flexural test, the deformation process and failure mode of concrete slabs reinforced with GFRP bars and steel bars are examined, respectively. The deflection, cracking load, ultimate load and concrete strain are compared between two kinds of concrete slabs. From the test results, it is clarified that the moment-deflection curve of GFRP reinforced concrete slab can be divided into two stages. Before concrete cracks the behaviors of two kinds of concrete slabs are almost the same. However, the deflection of concrete slabs reinforced with GFRP bars increases much faster after cracking and the stress-strain diagram is linear up to rupture with no discernible yield point. The ultimate load of concrete slabs reinforced with GFRP bars is 1.2 times of that of concrete slabs reinforced with steel bars. Based on the test results, finite element analysis is performed in order to study the influence of reinforcement ratio. Parameter analysis shows that the flexural rigidity of GFRP reinforced concrete slabs increases with the reinforcement ratio after cracking.
Approximate Sensitivity Analysis of Structure System Based on Failure Probability under Epistemic and Aleatory Uncertainties
Authors: Wang Pan , Lu Zhen Zhou , Wang Qi
Published: May 2011

For analyzing effect of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties on failure probability of structure system involving uncertainties, two sensitivity indices, i.e. Correlation Coefficient and Correlation Ratio on the failure probability are defined, the universal method and approximate method for solving two indices are investigated and the corresponding precision and efficiency are discussed. By analyzing the two indices on the failure probability, the importance ranking of the uncertainty impacting on the failure probability can be quantified, on which the information for controlling the failure probability can be obtained effectively. After the detailing implementations for two sensitivity indices, several numerical and engineering samples are used to validate the precision and efficiency of two methods, and the law of the impact of the uncertainty parameters on the sensitivity result is obtained as well.
Life-Time Index in Whole Structural Life-Cycle
Authors: Zhong Xiao Ping , Jin Wei Liang , Xue Wen
Published: May 2011

In the analysis on whole structural life-cycle, there are two important factors to need to be considered. One is the determination of design service life of structure, and another is design of structure based on service life. After analyzing deeply the influence factors of life-time index, it can be found that the design service life of structure not only depends on technology level, functional requirement and economic cost factors of structures, but also relate with the specific environmental conditions, using conditions and maintenance conditions of structures. So that, an analysis method of determined design service life of structure is given in this paper. For design of structure on service life, from the view of whole structural life-cycle, a probability reliability-based analysis method of structural service life design and re-design is proposed in this paper. By updating constantly design parameters, the correctness of predicted service life is improved gradually.
Investigation on Neutralization Rules of Concrete under Loads Subjected to Acid Rain Attack
Authors: Niu Jian Gang , Zhai Hai Tao , Niu Di Tao
Published: May 2011

The neutralization of fly ash concrete under loads subjected to the simultaneous attack of acid rain was investigated in this paper. And the influence of stress level and fly ash replacement on neutralization of fly ash concrete was analyzed. It was found that, the bending tensile stress accelerated the acid rain attack. The higher the stress level, the more serious the concrete corrosion. In contrast, the bending compressive stress slowed down the acid rain attack. The results also showed that the neutralization depth of fly ash concrete was increasing and concrete corrosion attacked by acid rain was more serious as the fly ash replacement increased.
Strength and Corrosion Resistive Properties of Concrete Containing Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate with GGBFS
Authors: Devi M. , Kannan K.
Published: May 2011

Demand for natural sand in concrete is increasing day by day since the available sand cannot meet the rising demand of construction sector. This paper reports the experimental study undertaken to investigate the influence of partial replacement of cement with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag(GGBFS) in concrete containing quarry dust as fine aggregate. The cement was replaced by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of GGBFS and tests were conducted to determine the optimum level of replacement of GGBFS in quarry dust concrete. The specimens were subjected to compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and bond strength tests at 7days, 28days, 56days, 90days and 150 days. The resistance to corrosion is evaluated based on the performance of the concrete for the penetration of chloride ions by means of impressed voltage technique in saline medium and Gravimetric weight loss method. Results herein reveal that an increase in slag proportion increases the strength properties and decreases the rate and amount of corrosion of reinforcement and among the various percentages of replacement 40% is found to be optimum with better strength and corrosion resistance properties.
Method and Research Development of Constructive Land Suitability Evaluation Based on GIS
Authors: Zheng Wen Hui
Published: May 2011

Constructive land suitability evaluation is the premise of effectively disposing land resource. China is in the historical period that urbanization develops fleetly; the demand of construction land grows rapidly; carrying on the research about method of constructive land suitability evaluation presents strong practical significance and broad application prospect. The paper summarizes basic analysis method of constructive land suitability evaluation based on GIS from five basic links which cohere each other, and then introduces the research development of constructive land suitability evaluation from angles of ensuring evaluation factor and factor weight, evaluation factor classification, land classification. Finally, the paper analyses research direction of this work from angles of consummating the evaluation method and using new mathematical method, releasing the related criteria by government department, and the combination between urban extended model, area development strategy, and GIS.
A Simulation Study on Energy Consumption of Cluster Distribution of Residential Buildings in Cold Zones
Authors: Zhao Jing Yuan , Liu Qi Bo
Published: May 2011

The distribution of residential buildings is closely related to local climate conditions. This paper takes Xi’an region as its representative city to study the thermal conditions of various shapes of cluster distribution by utilizing energy consumption simulation. By sequentially changing the dimensions of each unit building in the cluster, it sets up models of mathematical examples which meet the requirements of different seasons. Based on the annual minimal energy consumption of buildings, the paper quantitatively expounds the influence of cluster distribution on buildings’ energy consumption. This study finally works out a recommendation for the cluster distribution in Xi’an region, i.e. the annual comprehensive energy consumption of buildings is at its minimum when buildings facing both south and north are “L”-shaped enclosures and when they have no westward extension and their length ratio between eastward extended exterior walls and southward level exterior walls is 0.5:1.
Two-Level Optimization Method of Transmission Tower Structure Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zhuo Qun , Li Hong Nan
Published: May 2011

This paper highlights a two-level optimization process combined with ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO)，which is applied to design the shape of the transmission tower structure, and compiles optimization design procedure for the solution of the structure shape with the MATLAB language. By comparing the different methods of the transmission tower structure optimization design, the ACO algorithm is demonstrated to be more accuracy and practical in dealing the complex optimizations problem, i.e. the combination of continuous variables and discrete variables. These calculation examples illustrate that the two-level optimization method is reliable and versatile.
The Studies on the Energy Consumption Quota of State Organ Office Buildings
Authors: Li Yu Yun , Guo Kai , Du Ran , Li Hai Cheng , Yang Yun Guo
Published: May 2011

The paper gives energy consumption indexes of government organization office buildings at the current stage, and then analyses energy-saving potential of office buildings. Further, it discusses building consumption has a correlation between the heating form of air conditioning and personnel density. Finally, the paper presents the energy consumption quota and the formulating method of using energy quota of state organ office buildings at the current stage.
Development of Digital Imagine Correlation (DIC) Method for Three-Dimensional Rugged Surface of Construction Material
Authors: Shih Ming Hsiang , Sung Wen Pei , Bacinskas Darius
Published: May 2011

Digital Image Correlation, DIC method is developed a low-cost digital image correlation coefficient method based on advanced digital cameras and high-speed computers. Traditionally, two or more cameras are widely applied for conducting 3-D monitoring. There are numerous parameters need to be accurately calibrated. Therefore, the results of 3-D accuracy are worse than that of 2-D accuracy. The feasibility of a single camera to collect image to analyze the three-dimensional rugged surface of material is proposed in this study. A three-dimensional facial mask-like human makeup test and plaster cast are used to test. The test results reveal that the coordinate error between these two photos of the three-dimensional facial mask-like human makeup test is only 0.002mm and the absolute displacement, rotate on z-axis, strain on z-axis and von Mises strain of analysis results are extremely close to the real surface plaster cast.
Fundamental Solutions of a Normal Force in Semi-Infinite Coating Materials Part I: Solution of Force Acting in the Coating Layer
Authors: Yang Zhen , Guo Shi Qun
Published: May 2011

The problem of a normal force acting in the thin layer of semi-infinite coating materials has been studied by adopting the image point technology in this paper. The explicit fundamental solution is given in the series of the displacement functions corresponding to each image point. The displacement functions corresponding to the higher order image points can be determined from those to the lower ones by the recurrence formula presented in this paper. Numerical analysis by means of the finite element method has been carried out to verify the theoretical results. It is found that the accurate enough theoretical solution can be obtained by only taking the displacement functions corresponding to the first several image points into account.
Unified Solution on Skew Plate Bending with Four Edges Supported under Arbitrary Load
Authors: Cao Lang , Xing Xing Jie , Ge Feng Guang
Published: May 2011

According to the bending equation and boundary conditions of skew plate in the oblique coordinates system parallel to the edge of the plate, expanding deflection and load into form of Fourier series, the paper derives and obtains unified solution of bending problem for the four-edge-supported skew plate under arbitrary load. Programmed and calculated by mathematica language, the paper also comes with deflections and moments under the condition of any oblique angles, ratios of side length and Poisson ratios. The results of the paper is compared with those by the finite element method in the example, and they’re in good agreement with each other. The paper extends the bending theory of rectangular plate to the skew plate of any angle. The theory being reliable and the result being accurate, the research of the paper can provide reference for engineering design.
Thermomechanical Analysis System for Building Structures under Fire Based on MSCPATRAN Platform
Authors: Chen Shi Cai , Tian Xiao Ming , Liu Chun Yang
Published: May 2011

In order to analyze the behavior of building structures in a real fire, a numerical method is proposed, which employs fire zone model to simulate the fire growing and the temperature distributions in a firing room. Two computer programs are developed to predict the thermomechanical response of the structures, one for thermal response analysis, and another for structural analysis. The structural analysis program contains a fiber beam element and a layered shell element. These elements, validated against data from experimental tests, can be used to predict the response of beam/column and slabs in fire conditions. Based on these programs, a system for analyzing the behavior of structures under fire is developed on MSC/PATRAN platform. The behavior of building structures under fire can be simulated with this system and the results can be used as the reference for the fire safety analysis and assessment of general building structures under fire.
Optimization Design of the Gas Station Roof Based on Analysis
Authors: Wang Jin Long
Published: May 2011

A mathematic model on the optimum design of the gas station roof was established, and made an optimization to its grid structure parameters by the finite element software ANSYS.According to the actual condition of work and on the premise of meeting the need, the minimum cross section of the grid structure was determined. The results indicate that materials and cost can evidently decreased by optimum analysis method.
Collapsed Form Simulation of Styles of Different Structures under Earthquake Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA
Authors: Fang You Liang , Gao Bing Yin , Duan Jing Yao
Published: May 2011

In this paper, different types of steel frame structure under earthquake are adopted as the analyzed object of structural collapse. Seismic waves can be applyed into the structure in form of dynamic acceleration in ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The whole process of earthquake effects on the structure is simulated truly. It is helpful to realize and understand the failure mechanism and space mechanism of the different forms of steel frame structures. This paper can also provide a reference for reinforcement and maintenance of structure and a basis of anti-seism design of structure.
Numerical Simulation of Progressive Collapse and Study of Resisting Progressive Collapse of Spatial Grid Structures Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA
Authors: Fang You Liang , Zhao Zhen Zong
Published: May 2011

In this paper, different destruction forms of spatial grid structure are analyzed based on LS-DYNA. The key members of structure are studied and the collapsing processes of spatial grid structure caused by different failure members are simulated numerically. By comparing the results of numerical analysis, divisional design method is proposed based on the alternate path method (AP method). The divisional design method can improve resistance to progressive collapse obviously and is of certain reference value for engineering.
Deflection Prediction of FRP-Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Li Gui Bing , Guo Yu Gang
Published: May 2011

Bonding fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates to the tension face of RC members has been proven to be an effective method to improve the flexural strength. However, structural members are not only needed to have adequate strength, but also to have adequate performance of deformation at service load levels. To evaluate the deflection of externally FRP-strengthened RC beams, a total of 18 RC beams, including 16 beams strengthened with CFRP laminate under different preload levels and 2 control beams, were tested. Based on the assumption that the section of the beam behaves a tri-linear moment-curvature response characterized by pre-crack stage, post-crack stage and failure stage and the test results, this paper presents a modified model to evaluate the deflection of CFRP-strengthened RC beams. The present modified model was verified by the similar test results, and shows a good agreement with the test results.
Global Bifurcation of a Tuning Mass Damper with Plastic Impacts
Authors: Yan An Zhi , Li Xiao Hua
Published: May 2011

Many Literatures pay attention to the location and parameter optimization of Tuned Mass Damper (TMD). Yet there are few studies on the case where both the TMD and the main system have plastic impacts under large stroke of TMD fixed in limitation space. A two degree-of-freedom (DOF) vibratory system having symmetrically placed rigid stops and subjected to periodic excitation is considered in this paper. The equations of the vibratory system are constructed, and then for simplification the dimensionless equations are obtained. Poincaré map was used to study the relationship between the motion stability and parameters. Period-doubling bifurcation of motion was found by numerical simulations. With the gradual change in excitation frequency, the routes of quasi-periodic impact motions to chaos are observed from simulation results.
Numerical Simulation of Ship-bridge Collision Based on LS-DYNA Technique
Authors: Tian Li , Zhu Cong
Published: May 2011

A collision between a 2600 DWT oil tanker and the substructure of one railway continuous beam bridge is simulated using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. In the simulation, the dynamic interaction between the soil and piles is consideredthrough contact coupling algorithm and nodes sharing algorithm. The time history of ship collision force, penetration and velocity of the ship for the two different algorithms are presented, and relations of them are given. In addition, energy dissipation in every parts, deformation response and stress distribution of the substructure are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that rules of ship-bridge collision given by the two algorithms are in good agreement. Finally, reliability of the simulation in this paper is demonstrated through the comparison with specifications.