bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Amino Acid Profiles in Patients with Glioblastoma and Meningioma Using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)
Authors: Kośliński Piotr , Pluskota Robert , Koba Marcin , Siedlecki Zygmunt , Śniegocki Maciej
Published: November 2023

Brain tumors account for 1% of all cancers diagnosed de novo. Due to the specificity of the anatomical area in which they grow, they can cause significant neurological disorders and lead to poor functional status and disability. Regardless of the results of biochemical markers of intracranial neoplasms, they are currently of no diagnostic significance. The aim of the study was to use LC-ESI-MS/MS in conjunction with multivariate statistical analyses to examine changes in amino acid metabolic profiles between patients with glioblastoma, meningioma, and a group of patients treated for osteoarthritis of the spine as a control group. Comparative analysis of amino acids between patients with glioblastoma, meningioma, and the control group allowed for the identification of statistically significant differences in the amino acid profile, including both exogenous and endogenous amino acids. The amino acids that showed statistically significant differences (lysine, histidine, α-aminoadipic acid, phenylalanine) were evaluated for diagnostic usefulness based on the ROC curve. The best results were obtained for phenylalanine. Classification trees were used to build a model allowing for the correct classification of patients into the study group (patients with glioblastoma multiforme) and the control group, in which cysteine turned out to be the most important amino acid in the decision-making algorithm. Our results indicate amino acids that may prove valuable, used alone or in combination, toward improving the diagnosis of patients with glioma and meningioma. To better assess the potential utility of these markers, their performance requires further validation in a larger cohort of samples.
Antifungal Constituents of Piper crocatum and Their Activities as Ergosterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors Discovered via In Silico Study Using ADMET and Drug-Likeness Analysis
Authors: Siswina Tessa , Rustama Mia Miranti , Sumiarsa Dadan , Apriyanti Eti , Dohi Hirofumi , Kurnia Dikdik
Published: November 2023

Along with the increasing resistance of Candida spp. to some antibiotics, it is necessary to find new antifungal drugs, one of which is from the medicinal plant Red Betel (Piper crocatum). The purpose of this research is to isolate antifungal constituents from P. crocatum and evaluate their activities as ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors via an in silico study of ADMET and drug-likeness analysis. Two new active compounds 1 and 2 and a known compound 3 were isolated, and their structures were determined using spectroscopic methods, while their bioactivities were evaluated via in vitro and in silico studies, respectively. Antifungal compound 3 was the most active compared to 1 and 2 with zone inhibition values of 14.5, 11.9, and 13.0 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 10% w/v, together with MIC/MFC at 0.31/1.2% w/v. Further in silico study demonstrated that compound 3 had a stronger ΔG than the positive control and compounds 1 and 2 with −11.14, −12.78, −12.00, and −6.89 Kcal/mol against ERG1, ERG2, ERG11, and ERG24, respectively, and also that 3 had the best Ki with 6.8 × 10−3, 4 × 10−4, 1.6 × 10−3, and 8.88 μM. On the other hand, an ADMET analysis of 1–3 met five parameters, while 1 had one violation of Ro5. Based on the research data, the promising antifungal constituents of P. crocatum allow P. crocatum to be proposed as a new antifungal candidate to treat and cure infections due to C. albicans.
Potent MOR Agonists from 2′-Hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-N-phenethyl Substituted-6,7-benzomorphans and from C8-Hydroxy, Methylene and Methyl Derivatives of N-Phenethylnormetazocine
Authors: Das Madhurima , Ward George W. , Sulima Agnieszka , Luo Dan , Prisinzano Thomas Edward , Imler Gregory H. , Kerr Andrew T. , Jacobson Arthur E. , Rice Kenner C.
Published: November 2023

(−)-5,9-Dimethyl-6,7-benzomorphan (normetazocine) derivatives with a para-OH or ortho-F substituent in the aromatic ring of the N-phenethyl moiety were synthesized and found to have subnanomolar potency at MOR, and both were fully efficacious in vitro. These new compounds, (1R,5R,9R)-6,11-dimethyl-3-(2-fluorophenethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methanobenzo[d]azocin-8-ol and (1R,5R,9R)-6,11-dimethyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methanobenzo[d]azocin-8-ol, were more potent than the unsubstituted compound N-phenethylnormetazocine and about 30 or 40 times more potent than morphine, respectively. A variety of substituents in the ortho, meta, or para position in the aromatic ring of the N-phenethyl moiety were synthesized, 25 of these compounds, and found to have varying effects on potency and efficacy as determined by the forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay. The N-phenethyl moiety was also modified by increasing chain length to form a N-phenylpropyl side chain with and without a para-nitro moiety, and by an N-cinnamyl side chain. Also, an indole ethylamine normetazocine was synthesized to replace the N-phenethylamine side chain in normetazocine. The phenylpropylamine, propenylamine (cinnamyl) and the para-nitropropylamine had little or no MOR potency. The indole-ethylamine on the normetazocine nucleus, however, had moderate potency (MOR EC50 = 12 nM), and was fully efficacious (%Emax = 102%) in the cAMP assay. Retention of the N-phenethyl moiety and the addition of alkyl and alkenyl moieties on C8 in (−)-N-phenethylnormetazocine gave a C8-methylene derivative that had subnanomolar potency at MOR and a C8-methyl analog that had nanomolar potency. Five C8-substituted compounds were synthesized.
Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship in the Series of 5-Ethyluridine, N2-Guanine, and 6-Oxopurine Derivatives with Pronounced Anti-Herpetic Activity
Authors: Khairullina Veronika , Martynova Yuliya
Published: November 2023

A quantitative analysis of the relationship between the structure and inhibitory activity against the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) was performed for the series of 5-ethyluridine, N2-guanine, and 6-oxopurines derivatives with pronounced anti-herpetic activity (IC50 = 0.09 ÷ 160,000 μmol/L) using the GUSAR 2019 software. On the basis of the MNA and QNA descriptors and whole-molecule descriptors using the self-consistent regression, 12 statistically significant consensus models for predicting numerical pIC50 values were constructed. These models demonstrated high predictive accuracy for the training and test sets. Molecular fragments of HSV-1 and HSV-2 TK inhibitors that enhance or diminish the anti-herpetic activity are considered. Virtual screening of the ChEMBL database using the developed QSAR models revealed 42 new effective HSV-1 and HSV-2 TK inhibitors. These compounds are promising for further research. The obtained data open up new opportunities for developing novel effective inhibitors of TK.
(Bio)active Compounds in Daisy Flower (Bellis perennis)
Authors: Albien Anna-Lena , Stark Timo D.
Published: November 2023

The common daisy (Bellis perennis) belongs to the family Asteraceae and, in recent years, some new research has been published on the bioactive compounds and biological activities of its extracts. In 2014, the knowledge was partially summarized, but several new studies have been published in the last nine years. In addition, the substances were tabularly consolidated to give a comprehensive overview of over 310 individual components, compound classes, and bioactivities, as well as their accurate plant organ origin. The latest results have shown that the plant has antioxidative, antimicrobial, anticancerogenic, wound healing, antidepressive, anxiolytic, nephroprotective, and insulin mimetic effects, as well as an effect on lipid metabolism. Some studies in the field of homeopathy were also listed. Ideally, a biological effect and one or several compound(s) can be correlated. However, the compounds of the extracts used have often been qualified and quantified, but it remains unclear which of these substances have an activity. The works often stick at the level of the crude extract or a fraction, but not at a single purified and tested compound and, consequently, they are hampered by a missing comprehensive bioactivity workflow. This review provides a critical overview and gaps and offers a basis for further research in this area.
A Scoping Review of the Clinical Evidence for the Health Benefits of Culinary Doses of Herbs and Spices for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Mackonochie Marion , Rodriguez-Mateos Ana , Mills Simon , Rolfe Vivien
Published: November 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing global health problem. Evidence suggests that diets rich in phytochemical-containing herbs and spices can contribute to reducing the risk of chronic diseases. This review assesses the scope of evidence supporting the use of herbs and spices in the diet for the prevention or treatment of MetS and its associated health conditions. A search of the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases was carried out to assess the available clinical evidence for culinary doses of commonly used herbs and spices. Trials that were measuring health factors related to metabolic disorders in healthy individuals, or the health of individuals with MetS or associated diseases, were included. Out of a total of 1738 papers identified, there were 142 relevant studies on black pepper, chilli, cardamom, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, garlic, ginger, nigella seed, rosemary, sage and turmeric. No relevant research was found for cloves, mint, oregano, parsley or thyme. Cinnamon, fenugreek and ginger were the herbs/spices with the most published trials on them and that showed promise for glycaemic control. Cardamom appears to have potential to reduce inflammatory markers, and cinnamon, ginger and turmeric to reduce blood lipids. Patients with type 2 diabetes were the population most likely to be included in studies, but the preventative benefits of herbs/spices in healthy populations were also investigated, particularly for chilli, ginger and cinnamon. There is evidence for the beneficial effect of culinary doses of many common herbs/spices in the prevention and treatment of MetS and associated disorders.
Impact of an Intervention on Healthy Offerings and Allergenic Food Management in Restaurants: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Tarro Lucia , Mandracchia Floriana , Queral Judit , Besora-Moreno Maria , Vilanova Nerea , Valls Rosa Maria , Pedret Anna , Solà Rosa , Llauradó Elisabet
Published: November 2023

The consumption of out-of-home meals is increasing. This study is aimed at assessing the effect of an intervention on healthy offerings and the management of food allergies and intolerances. Ten (control group) and eight restaurants (intervention group) were randomized in a 12-month parallel controlled trial. The outcomes were changes regarding adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMed) and gluten management (SMAP) criteria, the traffic light rating category, nutrients, and gluten- and allergen-free content of dishes. After 12 months, and compared with baseline, there was an improvement of ≥25% in four items of the AMed criteria in the intervention group, whereas an increase in the offer of dairy desserts without added sugar, and a decrease in the first course offerings of vegetables and/or legumes were observed in the control group (p < 0.05). Also, after 12 months, there was an improvement of ≥50% in four SMAP criteria (p < 0.05) and in the mean average of all SMAP criteria (p = 0.021) compared with baseline in the intervention group, in which intra- and inter-group improvements for desserts in traffic light ratings, nutrients, and allergens were observed (p < 0.05). Therefore, the intervention showed beneficial effects, improving the quality of menus toward the Mediterranean diet pattern and gluten and food allergy/intolerance management.
Time-Restricted Fasting Improves Liver Steatosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease—A Single Blinded Crossover Trial
Authors: Feehan Jack , Mack Alexandra , Tuck Caroline , Tchongue Jorge , Holt Darcy Q. , Sievert William , Moore Gregory T. , de Courten Barbora , Hodge Alexander
Published: November 2023

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with visceral adiposity. We assessed the effectiveness of time-restricted fasting (TRF) for 16 h daily without calorie restrictions compared to standard care (SC; diet and lifestyle advice) in improving visceral adiposity and steatosis via controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Methods: In a prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial, 32 participants with NAFLD were randomly assigned to TRF or SC for 12 weeks. The secondary endpoints were changes in liver stiffness, anthropometry, blood pressure, and other metabolic factors. Results: Twenty-eight participants completed the first arm of the study (TRF = 14, SC = 14), with 23 completing the crossover arm (TRF = 10, SC = 13). The baseline demographics were similar between the groups. Intermittent fasting caused a significant decrease in hepatic steatosis (p = 0.038), weight (p = 0.005), waist circumference (p = 0.001), and BMI (p = 0.005) compared to standard care. Intermittent fasting also resulted in additional within-group changes that were not seen in the standard care intervention. Conclusion: TRF offers superior improvements in patients with NAFLD, improving steatosis, weight, and waist circumference despite a lack of change in overall caloric intake. Time-restricted fasting should be considered as a primary weight loss intervention in the context of NAFLD. Trial registration: ACTRN12613000935730.
Regular Practice of Physical Activity Improves Cholesterol Transfers to High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Other HDL Metabolic Parameters in Older Adults
Authors: Braga Pedro G. S. , Freitas Fatima R. , Bachi André L. L. , Amirato Gislene R. , Baroni Roberta V. , Alves Maria Janieire N. N. , Vieira Rodolfo P. , Vaisberg Mauro W. , Aldin Marlene N. , Kalil Filho Roberto , Figueiredo Neto Antônio M. , Damasceno Nágila R. T. , Tavoni Thauany M. , Maranhão Raul C.
Published: November 2023

The effects of regular physical activity on two important anti-atherosclerosis functions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), namely its capacity to receive both forms of cholesterol and its anti-oxidant function, were investigated in this study comparing older adults with young individuals. One-hundred and eight healthy adult individuals were enrolled and separated into the following groups: active older (60–80 yrs, n = 24); inactive older (60–79 yrs, n = 21); active young (20–34 yrs, n = 39); and inactive young (20–35 yrs, n = 24). All performed cardiopulmonary tests. Blood samples were collected in order to assess the following measures: lipid profile, HDL anti-oxidant capacity, paraoxonase-1 activity, HDL subfractions, and lipid transfer to HDL. Comparing active older and active young groups with inactive older and inactive young groups, respectively, the active groups presented higher HDL-C levels (p < 0.01 for both comparisons), unesterified cholesterol transfer (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), and intermediate and larger HDL subfractions (p < 0.001, p < 0.01) than the respective inactive groups. In addition, the active young group showed higher esterified cholesterol transfer than the inactive young group (p < 0.05). As expected, the two active groups had higher VO2peak than the inactive groups; VO2peak was higher in the two younger than in the two older groups (p < 0.05). No differences in unesterified and esterified cholesterol transfers and HDL subfractions were found between active young and active older groups. HDL anti-oxidant capacity and paraoxonase-1 activity were equal in all four study groups. Our data highlight and strengthen the benefits of regular practice of physical activity on an important HDL function, the capacity of HDL to receive cholesterol, despite the age-dependent decrease in VO2peak.
Interaction of Graphene Oxide Particles and Dendrimers with Human Breast Cancer Cells by Real-Time Microscopy
Authors: Ribeiro Beatriz Fumelli Monti , Chaves Julyane Batista , De Souza Marcelo Medina , Keppler Artur Franz , Do Carmo Devaney Ribeiro , Machado-Santelli Gláucia M.
Published: November 2023

Graphene oxide (GOX) has become attractive due to its unique physicochemical properties. This nanomaterial can associate with other dendrimers, making them more soluble and allowing better interaction with biomacromolecules. The present study aimed to investigate, by real-time microscopy, the behavior of human breast cancer cells exposed to particles of materials based on graphene oxide. The MCF-7 cell line was exposed to GOX, GOX associated with Polypropylenimine hexadecaamine Dendrimer, Generation 3.0—DAB-AM-16 (GOXD) and GOX associated with polypropyleneimine—PAMAM (GOXP) in the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). GOX, GOXD and GOXP were taken up by the cells in clusters and then the clusters were fragmented into smaller ones inside the cells. Real-time microscopy showed that the presence of FBS in the culture medium could allow a more efficient internalization of graphene materials. After internalizing the materials, cells can redistribute the clumps to their daughter cells. In conclusion, the present study showed that the particles can adhere to the cell surface, favoring their internalization. The presence of FBS contributed to the formation of smaller aggregates of particles, avoiding the formation of large ones, and thus transmitted a more efficient internalization of the materials through the interaction of the particles with the cell membrane.
Understanding Burkholderia glumae BGR1 Virulence through the Application of Toxoflavin-Degrading Enzyme, TxeA
Authors: Kim Namgyu , Lee Duyoung , Lee Sais-Beul , Lim Gah-Hyun , Kim Sang-Woo , Kim Tae-Jin , Park Dong-Soo , Seo Young-Su
Published: November 2023

Rice (Oryzae sativa cv. dongjin) is a cornerstone of global food security; however, Burkholderia glumae BGR1, which is responsible for bacterial panicle blight (BPB), threatens its productive output, with dire consequences for rice and other crops. BPB is primarily caused by toxoflavin, a potent phytotoxin that disrupts plant growth at various developmental stages. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms through which toxoflavin and BPB affect rice plants is critical. Toxoflavin biosynthesis in B. glumae BGR1 relies on the toxABCDE operon, with ToxA playing a central role. In response to this threat, our study explores a metagenome-derived toxoflavin-degrading enzyme, TxeA, as a potential defense mechanism against toxoflavin’s destructive impact. TxeA-induced degradation of toxoflavin represents a potential strategy to mitigate crop damage. We introduce a groundbreaking approach: engineering transgenic rice plants to produce toxoflavin-degrading enzymes. These genetically modified plants, armed with TxeA, hold significant potential for combating toxoflavin-related crop losses. However, removal of toxoflavin, a major virulence factor in B. glumae BGR1, does not completely inhibit virulence. This innovative perspective offers a new shift from pathogen eradication to leveraging transgenic plants’ power, offering a beacon of hope for crop protection and disease management. Our study offers insights into the intricate interplay between toxoflavin, BPB, and TxeA, providing a promising avenue to safeguard rice crops, ensure food security, and potentially enhance the resilience of various agricultural crops to B. glumae BGR1-induced diseases.
The Type Specimens of Plectocolea and Solenostoma (Marchantiophyta) in Some Japanese and European Herbaria
Authors: Bakalin Vadim A. , Choi Seung Se
Published: November 2023

Solenostomataceae are among the most diverse and, at the same time, least described liverwort families in Pacific Asia. Many species therein are known only from type descriptions, which are sometimes incomplete. The present account is based on a study of 81 type specimens belonging to 61 species known mostly in East Asia, although also in other regions; it provides line-art figures and photomicrographs of all the studied taxa. One lectotype and one epitype are designated, and six new combinations are proposed. as Additionally, the indication of a necessity of an epitype for Plectocolea setulosa Herzog is justified.
Review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Causing Marine Fish Kills: Toxicity and Mitigation
Authors: Oh Jae-Wook , Pushparaj Suraj Shiv Charan , Muthu Manikandan , Gopal Judy
Published: November 2023

Extensive growth of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria results in harmful algal blooms (HABs) in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. HABs can harm humans and animals through their toxicity or by producing ecological conditions such as oxygen depletion, which can kill fish and other economically or ecologically important organisms. This review summarizes the reports on various HABs that are able to bring about marine fish kills. The predominant HABs, their toxins, and their effects on fishes spread across various parts of the globe are discussed. The mechanism of HAB-driven fish kills is discussed based on the available reports, and existing mitigation methods are presented. Lapses in the large-scale implementation of mitigation methods demonstrated under laboratory conditions are projected. Clay-related technologies and nano-sorption-based nanotechnologies, although proven to make significant contributions, have not been put to use in real-world conditions. The gaps in the technology transfer of the accomplished mitigation prototypes are highlighted. Further uses of remote sensing and machine learning state-of-the-art techniques for the detection and identification of HABs are recommended.
Growing of Phalaroides arundinacea L. and Bromopsis inermis Leyss for Biofuel Using Sewage Sludge Compost as a Fertilizer
Authors: Ankuda Jelena , Bakšienė Eugenija , Ražukas Almantas
Published: November 2023

Bromopsis inermis and Phalaroides arundinacea are increasingly grown not only for feed but also for other purposes, such as obtaining energy. Composting sewage sludge and using such compost to fertilize various plants is also becoming more popular. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate how the fertilization of the mentioned plants with sewage sludge compost (SSC) affects the biomass yield and biomass quality of these plants. It was also important to determine whether fertilization with SSC is possible in low-yielding soils of light texture without harming these soils There are no similar studies in Lithuania, and there are very few in Europe and the world. It was found that investigated grasses formed a small biomass DM yield (6.6 t/ha within three years). The biomass of B. inermis and Ph. arundinacea had a very high ash content and concentrations of nitrogen and potassium. This greatly reduced the quality of the biomass of these grasses as a solid biofuel. SSC performed poorly as a fertilizer. Fertilization with 125 t/ha SSC significantly increased the total biomass yield of Ph. arundinacea only. At the same time, using SSC as a fertilizer significantly increased the concentration of Cu, Zn, and Cd in the soil.
Flexible Actuators Based on Conductive Polymer Ionogels and Their Electromechanical Modeling
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Hu Hongwei , Zhang Shengtao , Cheng Guanggui , Ding Jianning
Published: November 2023

High-performance flexible actuators, integral components of soft robotics, hold promise for advancing applications in safe human–robot interactions, healthcare, and various other fields. Notable among these actuators are flexible electrochemical systems, recognized for their merits in low-voltage manipulation, rapid response speed, and cost-effectiveness. However, the optimization of output strain, response speed, and stability presents a significant challenge in this domain. Despite the application of diverse electrochemically active materials to enhance actuation performance, a critical need persists for corresponding electrical-mechanical models to comprehensively grasp actuation mechanisms. In this study, we introduce a novel electrochemical actuator that utilizes conductive polymer ionogel as active electrodes. This ionogel exhibits exceptional properties, including high conductivity, flexibility, and electrochemical activity. Our electrochemical actuators exhibit noteworthy bending strain capabilities and rapid response rates, achieving frequencies up to 10 Hz at a modest voltage of 1 V. An analytical model integrating ion migration and dynamic processes has been established to elucidate actuator behavior. Simulation results highlight that electrodes characterized by low resistance and high capacitance are optimal for simultaneous enhancement of bending strain and blocking force. However, the augmentation of Young’s modulus, while increasing blocking force, compromises bending strain. Furthermore, a larger aspect ratio proves beneficial for unidirectional stress output, leading to increased bending strain, while actuator blocking force diminishes with greater length. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between material properties and dimensions in optimizing the performance of flexible electrochemical actuators. This work provides important practical and theoretical guidance for the manufacture of high-performance flexible actuators and the search for new smart materials.
Salvia officinalis–Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites with Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Ciobanu Steluta Carmen , Predoi Daniela , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen , Iconaru Simona Liliana , Predoi Mihai Valentin , Popa Marcela , Rokosz Krzysztof , Raaen Steinar , Marinas Ioana Cristina
Published: November 2023

In the present study, sage-coated zinc-doped hydroxyapatite was incorporated into a dextran matrix (7ZnHAp-SD), and its physico-chemical and antimicrobial activities were investigated. A 7ZnHAp-SD nanocomposite suspension was obtained using the co-precipitation method. The stability of the nanocomposite suspension was evaluated using ultrasound measurements. The stability parameter calculated relative to double-distilled water as a reference fluid highlights the very good stability of the 7ZnHAp-SD suspension. X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments were performed to evaluate the characteristic diffraction peak of the hydroxyapatite phase. Valuable information regarding the morphology and chemical composition of 7ZnHAp-SD was obtained via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements were performed on the 7ZnHAp-SD suspensions in order to evaluate the functional groups present in the sample. Preliminary studies on the antimicrobial activity of 7ZnHAp-SD suspensions against the standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus 25923 ATCC, Enterococcus faecalis 29212 ATCC, Escherichia coli 25922 ATCC, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 ATCC were conducted. More than that, preliminary studies on the biocompatibility of 7ZnHAp-SD were conducted using human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells, and their results emphasized that the 7ZnHAp-SD sample did not exhibit a toxic effect and did not induce any noticeable changes in the morphological characteristics of HeLa cells. These preliminary results showed that these nanoparticles could be possible candidates for biomedical/antimicrobial applications.
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Production from Lignocellulosic Wastes Using Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581
Authors: Senila Lacrimioara , Gál Emese , Kovacs Eniko , Cadar Oana , Dan Monica , Senila Marin , Roman Cecilia
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to analyze the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from lignocellulosic biomass through a series of steps, including microwave irradiation, ammonia delignification, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation, using the Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 strain. The lignocellulosic biomass was first pretreated using microwave irradiation at different temperatures (180, 200, and 220 °C) for 10, 20, and 30 min. The optimal pretreatment conditions were determined using the central composite design (CCD) and the response surface methodology (RSM). In the second step, the pretreated biomass was subjected to ammonia delignification, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The yield obtained for the pretreated and enzymatically hydrolyzed biomass was lower (70.2%) compared to the pretreated, delignified, and enzymatically hydrolyzed biomass (91.4%). These hydrolysates were used as carbon substrates for the synthesis of PHB using Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 in batch cultures. Various analytical methods were employed, namely nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and13C-NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), to identify and characterize the extracted PHB. The XRD analysis confirmed the partially crystalline nature of PHB.
Investigation on AC and DC Breakdown Mechanism of Surface-Ozone-Treated LDPE Films under Varied Thicknesses
Authors: Nie Yongjie , Liu Jie , Ke Junxin , Zhao Xianping , Li Shengtao , Zhu Yuanwei
Published: November 2023

Electrical breakdown is an important physical phenomenon in power equipment and electronic devices. Recently, the mechanism of AC and DC breakdown has been preliminarily revealed as electrode–dielectric interface breakdown and bulk breakdown, respectively, based on space charge dynamics through numerical calculations. However, the AC breakdown mechanism still lacks enough direct experimental support, which restricts further understanding and the design and development of electrical structures. Here, in this study, LDPE films with various thicknesses ranging from 33 μm to 230 μm were surface modified with ozone for different durations to experimentally investigate DC and AC breakdown mechanism. The results indicate that carbonyl groups (C=O) were introduced onto the film surface, forming shallow surface traps and leading to a decreased average trap depth and an increased trap density. Such a surface oxidation modulated trap distribution led to enhanced space charge injection and bulk electrical field distortion, which decreased DC breakdown strength as the oxidation duration went longer, in all film thicknesses. However, such decreases in breakdown strength occurred only in films below 55 μm under AC stresses, as the enhanced electrical field distortion at the electrode–dielectric interface was more obvious and dominating in thin films. These experimental results further confirm the proposed electrode–dielectric interface breakdown of dielectric films and provide new understandings of space charge modulated electrical breakdown, which fulfills dielectric breakdown theory and benefits the miniaturization of power equipment and electronic devices.
Understanding the Interactions between Soft Segments in Polyurethanes: Structural Synergies in Blends of Polyester and Polycarbonate Diol Polyols
Authors: Paez-Amieva Yuliet , Martín-Martínez José Miguel
Published: November 2023

There are no previous studies on the interactions between polyols of different nature as a model for understanding the interactions between soft segments in PUs. In this study, different blends of two polyols of different natures (polyester—PE, and polycarbonate diol—CD) and similar molecular weights were prepared and their structural, thermal, surface, viscoelastic, and self-adhesion properties were assessed. Different experimental techniques were used: infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and plate–plate rheology. PE showed a larger number of structural repeating units and a higher number of polar groups than CD, but the carbonate–carbonate interactions in CD were stronger than the ester–ester interactions in PE. The blending of CD and PE imparted synergic structural properties, particularly in the blends containing less than 50 wt.% PE, they were associated with the disrupt of the carbonate–carbonate interactions in CD and the formation of new ester–carbonate and hydroxyl–carbonate interactions. CD + PE blends with less than 50 wt.% PE exhibited higher glass transition temperatures, a new diffraction peak at 2θ = 24°, one additional thermal degradation at 426–436 °C, and a less-steep decline of the storage moduli. Furthermore, the different interactions between the polyol chains in the blends were also evidenced on their surface properties, and all CD + PE blends showed self-adhesion properties which seemed related to the existence of ester–carbonate and carbonate–carbonate interactions.
Research on Hydrogen-Fueled Turbojet Engine Control Method Based on Model-Based Design
Authors: Xiao Tingyu , He Ai , Pei Xinyan , Pan Mengni , Wang Xiting , Hu Zhongzhi
Published: November 2023

Due to the substantial disparities in physical attributes between hydrogen fuel and conventional fuels, the development of an efficient controller presents a formidable challenge. In this context, this paper delves into the utilization of a model-based design (MBD) methodology for the purpose of conceiving and enhancing control systems for hydrogen-fueled turbojet engines. The investigation commences by adopting an established physical model of a hydrogen-fueled turbojet engine and subsequently validates its performance through rigorous simulation exercises. Consequently, this research undertakes a systematic deconstruction of the design process into discrete sub-phases, thus facilitating a seamless progression from system requirement analysis to system verification. This approach engenders a concurrent design and optimization of the control system. The ultimate confirmation of the controller’s efficacy and reliability is achieved through exhaustive simulations and Hardware-In-the-Loop testing. The research findings not only serve to augment design efficiency and mitigate design expenditures, but also propose avenues for further performance ameliorations in the realm of hydrogen-fueled turbojet engines. The control system accuracy of MBD is compared with the experimental results, and under high hydrogen fuel flow conditions, the errors reach an extremely low level of 0.1%. This affords a novel design paradigm within the domain of aero-engine control.
Analysis of Coalbed Methane Production Characteristics and Influencing Factors of No. 15 Coal Seam in the Shouyang Block
Authors: Zhang Bing , Li Wei , Wang Gang , Jiao Xinglong
Published: November 2023

Based on the basic geological data and production data of coalbed methane wells in the Shouyang Block, the characteristics and influencing factors of coalbed methane well production were analyzed, and the primary controlling factors were identified by the grey correlation method. The results show that the average daily gas production of the coalbed methane wells in the study area for the single mining of No. 15 coal ranges from 0 to 604.34 m3/d, with an average of 116.82 m3/d. The overall average gas production is relatively low, with only 7 of the 42 wells having an average gas production greater than 200 m3/d. Gas production tends to increase as the gas content increases. There is a significant positive correlation between gas saturation and average gas production. Burial depth and coal seam thickness also show a positive correlation with average gas production. On the other hand, there is a negative exponential relationship between average gas production and critical desorption pressure. Permeability, as determined by well tests in the area, exhibits a negative correlation with the gas production of coalbed methane wells. The correlation between gas production and the mean three-dimensional stress is weak. As the fractal dimension D value of fractures increases, gas production decreases. A smaller difference in horizontal principal stress is more favorable for the formation of network fractures, facilitating reservoir fracturing and resulting in better reconstructive properties. Moreover, an increase in the sand–mud ratio leads to a decrease in average gas production. The correlation between fault fractal dimension and average gas production is weak. The grey correlation method was employed to determine the controlling factors of coalbed methane production in the study area, ranked from strong to weak, as follows: coal thickness > fracture fractal dimension D value > gas saturation > coal seam gas content > horizontal stress difference coefficient > permeability > critical desorption pressure > mean value of three-dimensional principal stress > coal seam burial depth > sand–mud ratio > fault fractal dimension.
Modelling and Prediction of Fe/MWCNT Nanocomposites for Hexavalent Chromium Reduction
Authors: Kang Zeyu , Jia Xiaodong , Ma Xiaolong , Wen Dongsheng
Published: November 2023

Chromium (Cr) is a heavy metal pollutant prevalent in freshwater resources. Current investigations into Cr(VI) removal materials primarily involve multi-component materials. Among them, iron nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have exhibited great promise of removal capabilities. However, determining the optimal component ratio(s) experimentally still requires a substantial amount of effort. This paper presents a novel, model-based approach which can lessen the burden by predicting the performance of new materials. The model is based on reaction kinetics equations and derives its input parameters from the size and surface area characterisations of the components, individual components removal performance, and their mixture performance at one specific component ratio. The model is validated against experimental results for Fe/MWCNT mixtures at six ratios. The root mean square error of our model is 3.95 mg/g, which is less than 3% of the total adsorption capacity, indicating that the model is reliable. The model can be used to identify the optimal component ratios of the Fe-MWCNT composite and to reveal the relationship between performance and time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first semi-empirical model that can predict the adsorption capacity of a composite material for heavy metals. The model is founded on the generic reduction theory of adsorption, and model parameters are not tied specifically to Fe/MWCNT. Thus, it can be used for predicting the adsorption reduction properties of other multiphase materials to speed up the new material design process.
Evaluation of Cyperus Fertility Improvement in Aeolian Soils from an Application of Humic Acid Combined with Compound Fertilizer
Authors: Yan Jianfa , Zhang Xianmei , Meng Fanrong , Chen Guodong , Wang Ruodi , Ma Ziyi , He Zhenquan , Gai Guosheng , Zhi Jinhu
Published: November 2023

Humic acid is a macromolecular organic compound with active groups that, when applied to the soil, can regulate the storage and release of nutrient elements. The effects of a humic acid application at two application rates (F-1: 15 t·hm−2 and F-2: 30 t·hm−2) on soil physicochemical properties and plant growth and yield were compared in field experiments to explore the impact of the humic acid dosage on the soil fertility of aeolian sandy soils. The CEC, EC, pH, organic matter, and available nutrient content were measured in the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil before and after the humic acid application. The results showed that the soil organic matter and available nutrient content increased significantly with an increased humic acid application rate. In the 0~20 cm soil layer, the contents of soil alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, and organic matter were the highest in the F-2 treatment, at 24.97, 207.66 mg·kg−1, and 8.99 g·kg−1, respectively, which increased by 76%, 66%, and 54% compared with the control treatment. On the other hand, the content of available phosphorus was the highest in the F-1 treatment, at 13.23 mg·kg−1, which was 38% higher than the control. In the 20~40 cm soil layer, the contents of soil alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were the highest after the F-2 treatment, at 16.33, 8.51, and 17.14 mg·kg−1, respectively, which increased by 19%, 113%, and 58% compared with the control. The organic matter content was the highest in the F-1 treatment, at 7.61 g·kg−1. After the humic acid application, the CEC and EC increased significantly, and the pH decreased. In addition, the growth status (leaf length, tillering number, and chlorophyll content) and yield of the Cyperus plants significantly increased with an increase in the humic acid dosage. In short, adding humic acid can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of aeolian soils, regulate the nutrient circulation in the soil, and increase the yield and income from Cyperus cultivation.
Post-Translational Modifications in Histones and Their Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
Authors: Sharma Madhvi , Sidhu Amanpreet K. , Samota Mahesh Kumar , Gupta Mamta , Koli Pushpendra , Choudhary Mukesh
Published: November 2023

Abiotic stresses profoundly alter plant growth and development, resulting in yield losses. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms to combat these challenges, triggering intricate molecular responses to maintain tissue hydration and temperature stability during stress. A pivotal player in this defense is histone modification, governing gene expression in response to diverse environmental cues. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone tails, including acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation, regulate transcription, DNA processes, and stress-related traits. This review comprehensively explores the world of PTMs of histones in plants and their vital role in imparting various abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Techniques, like chromatin immune precipitation (ChIP), ChIP-qPCR, mass spectrometry, and Cleavage Under Targets and Tag mentation, have unveiled the dynamic histone modification landscape within plant cells. The significance of PTMs in enhancing the plants’ ability to cope with abiotic stresses has also been discussed. Recent advances in PTM research shed light on the molecular basis of stress tolerance in plants. Understanding the intricate proteome complexity due to various proteoforms/protein variants is a challenging task, but emerging single-cell resolution techniques may help to address such challenges. The review provides the future prospects aimed at harnessing the full potential of PTMs for improved plant responses under changing climate change.
The Detection of Desert Aerosol Incorporating Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar and Rayleigh–Mie–Raman Lidar
Authors: Li Manyi , Xia Haiyun , Su Lian , Han Haobin , Wang Xiaofei , Yuan Jinlong
Published: November 2023

Characterization of aerosol transportation is important in order to understand regional and global climatic changes. To obtain accurate aerosol profiles and wind profiles, aerosol lidar and Doppler wind lidar are generally combined in atmospheric measurements. In this work, a method for calibration and quantitative aerosol properties using coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) is adopted, and data retrieval is verified by contrasting the process with synchronous Rayleigh–Mie–Raman lidar (RMRL). The comparison was applied to field measurements in the Taklimakan desert, from 16 to 21 February 2023. Good agreements between the two lidars was found, with the determination coefficients of 0.90 and 0.89 and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of 0.012 and 0.013. The comparative results of continuous experiments demonstrate the ability of the CDWL to retrieve aerosol properties accurately.
An Efficient Early-breaking-estimation and Tree-splitting Missing RFID Tag Identification Protocol
Authors: Fan Mingqiu , Zhang Lijuan , Lei Lei , Yu Chunni
Published: November 2023

Retailers grapple with inventory losses primarily due to missing items, prompting the need for efficient missing tag identification methods in large-scale RFID systems. Among them, few works considered the effect of unexpected unknown tags on the missing tag identification process. With the presence of unknown tags, some missing tags may be falsely identified as present. Thus, the system’s reliability is hardly guaranteed. To resolve these challenges, we propose an efficient early-breaking-estimation and tree-splitting-based missing tag identification (ETMTI) protocol for large-scale RFID systems. ETMTI employs innovative early-breaking-estimation and deactivation methods to swiftly handle unknown tags. Subsequently, a tree-splitting-based missing tag identification method is proposed, employing a B-ary splitting tree, to rapidly identify missing tags. Additionally, a bit-tracking response strategy is implemented to reduce processing time. Theoretical analysis is conducted to determine optimal parameters for ETMTI. Simulation results illustrate that our proposed ETMTI protocol significantly outperforms benchmark methods, offering a shorter processing time and a lower false negative rate.
Myotendinous Thermoregulation in National Level Sprinters after a Unilateral Fatigue Acute Bout—A Descriptive Study
Authors: Cabizosu Alessio , Marín-Pagán Cristian , Martínez-Serrano Antonio , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Martínez-Noguera Francisco Javier
Published: November 2023

In the last decade there has been a growing interest in infrared thermography in the field of sports medicine in order to elucidate the mechanisms of thermoregulation. The aim of this study was to describe bilateral variations in skin temperature of the anterior thigh and patellar tendon in healthy athletes and to provide a model of baseline tendon and muscle thermoregulation in healthy sprinters following a unilateral isokinetic fatigue protocol. Fifteen healthy national-level sprinters (eleven men and four women), with at least 3 years of athletic training experience of 10–12 h/week and competing in national-level competitions, underwent unilateral isokinetic force testing and electrostimulation in which their body temperature was measured before, during, and after the protocol using an infrared thermographic camera. ANOVA detected a significant difference in the time × side interaction for patellar temperature changes (p ≤ 0.001) and a significant difference in the time/side interaction for quadriceps temperature changes (p ≤ 0.001). The thermal challenge produces homogeneous changes evident in quadriceps areas, but not homogeneous in tendon areas. These data show that metabolic and blood flow changes may depend on the physical and mechanical properties of each tissue. Future research could be conducted to evaluate the predictive value of neuromuscular fatigue in the patellar tendon and quadriceps after exercise in order to optimize post-exercise recovery strategies.
Depth Quality Improvement with a 607 MHz Time-Compressive Computational Pseudo-dToF CMOS Image Sensor
Authors: Pham Anh Ngoc , Ibrahim Thoriq , Yasutomi Keita , Kawahito Shoji , Nagahara Hajime , Kagawa Keiichiro
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we present a prototype pseudo-direct time-of-flight (ToF) CMOS image sensor, achieving high distance accuracy, precision, and robustness to multipath interference. An indirect ToF (iToF)-based image sensor, which enables high spatial resolution, is used to acquire temporal compressed signals in the charge domain. Whole received light waveforms, like those acquired with conventional direct ToF (dToF) image sensors, can be obtained after image reconstruction based on compressive sensing. Therefore, this method has the advantages of both dToF and iToF depth image sensors, such as high resolution, high accuracy, immunity to multipath interference, and the absence of motion artifacts. Additionally, two approaches to refine the depth resolution are explained: (1) the introduction of a sub-time window; and (2) oversampling in image reconstruction and quadratic fitting in the depth calculation. Experimental results show the separation of two reflections 40 cm apart under multipath interference conditions and a significant improvement in distance precision down to around 1 cm. Point cloud map videos demonstrate the improvements in depth resolution and accuracy. These results suggest that the proposed method could be a promising approach for virtually implementing dToF imaging suitable for challenging environments with multipath interference.