bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Ready are the Public Nursing Colleges to Implement Online Teaching and Learning? A Feasibility Study
Authors: Ndwambi Onica , Maboe Kefiloe
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual teaching and learning model that will integrate nursing theory and practice by using social media platforms. The research setting was the three public nursing colleges that offer a basic nursing programme in the Gauteng province, South Africa. We used a qualitative, phenomenological and descriptive approach to obtain the participants’ in-depth thoughts and opinions regarding the feasibility of implementing social media platforms for student nurses’ teaching and learning. A sentiment analysis system, which is a smart service for data analysis and visualisation to discover patterns and meaning in collected data, was used to implement a coding process. Themes and categories were developed and major qualitative findings were summarised. The participants supported the use of social media, with consideration of access to resources, availability of training workshops, interaction between lecturers and students, numerous teaching strategies and rules, and regulations and policies to govern the system. Preferred social media platforms were WhatsApp, YouTube, Facebook and Skype, which could be accessed easily by all students and lecturers. We developed a conceptual teaching and learning model using social media platforms, which will integrate nursing theory and practice. We made recommendations to promote training workshops on the use of numerous teaching strategies and the development of policies, rules and regulations to guide the interactions of student nurses and lecturers when using social media platforms in teaching and learning.
Sustainable Health in Pedagogical Contexts in Distance E-Learning: Learning from COVID-19
Authors: Rajendran Pillay
Published: September 2022

Student wellness is an important aspect of sustainable health concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing emotional and academic stresses in students. Much learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic can be transferred to the distance learning context. In this study, I explored two dimensions of student wellness, namely, intellectual and emotional wellness. Factors within these dimensions were categorised as having a positive or negative impact on student wellness. I collected the data in this case study using an electronic questionnaire and voice-note interviews. Thirty students from years one and two in one department of a faculty at a university participated in the study. The findings include that group work can have a positive impact on intellectual wellness whereas an imbalance in considering student learning styles could have a negative impact. Closeness of the due dates of tasks has a negative impact on intellectual wellness. Flexibility of learning times and independence in distance learning were positive factors associated with emotional wellness. Learning stresses, which included workload and insufficient instructor support, were identified as negative factors. In the study, I confirm that wellness is multidimensional and recommend that instructors take this conceptualisation into account when planning for the micro-teaching and learning environment in distance learning.
Online Learning as a Pre-Pandemic Barrier: A Case Study of First-Year Students at a South African University
Authors: Mntuyedwa Dr. Vuyokazi , Letseka Prof Moeketsi
Published: September 2022

The use of technology in higher education has been a challenge to some first-year students for some time. Students from different backgrounds find that, once registered at university, the use of computers is compulsory. Computers serve as the primary tool for academic work and for communicating with university stakeholders. However, the ability to use technology should not be taken for granted when students arrive at university for the first time. Many high school learners from disadvantaged backgrounds and schools have not had access to technology or computer literacy as a subject. This presents a challenge when they transition from high school to university. In this context, the purpose of this study was to explore the way in which blended learning may present itself as a learning barrier to some students. In this study, we adopted a mixed-method research design. For this paper, we present only the qualitative data. The data were collected in 2017 through focus group interviews from three different groups, namely, female participants, male participants, and mixed-gender participants. The findings indicate that first-year students who lack computer literacy at the university are from various backgrounds.
Quality, Context, and the Repositioning of Continuous Knowledge-Based Innovation in the Learner Support Frameworks of ODL: An African Perspective
Authors: Nkgoang Motale , du Toit Jacques Avril
Published: September 2022

In this article, we question the assumptions related to the increasing exertion of continuous innovation within decentralised support structures for learners in open and distance learning. In 2011, 26 decentralised centres of learning initiated a standardised national quality process in the Department of Tuition and Facilitation of Learning at the University of South Africa. Its purpose was primarily to foreground and explore quality support models within learner support services, outside of academic and departmental support directorates. In the past five years, context and innovation have become the most critical, dominant and inclusionary themes throughout decentralised staff and student reflections and submitted document interrogations. These conversations and reviews led to the realisation that it was the regional context that would ultimately dictate the pace of knowledge-based and continuous innovation, in line with the conceptual and institutional forecasting of the Unisa institutional Agenda of 2030. In this article, we use a qualitative research methodology and explore the linkages between knowledge-based and continuous innovation and the framework of previous and existing quality governance models in learner support. In addition, we explain the literature, document and policy analysis procedures in the context of actual research experiences. The research findings suggest that retention and impact analyses in learner support and spaces of innovation should be based in drawing connections and socialised agency. This should be done by using regional expertise and context as situational resources and finding ways to harness closer collaboration and to enhance institutional support to complement innovation in decentralised and/or regional contexts.
Information and Digital Literacy of First-Year Students of Hispanic Studies
Authors: Brankov Dunja
Published: September 2022

In the theoretical part of the paper, I present the definitions of information and digital literacy, where its role is depicted within the education systems in certain countries. In the research part of the paper, I raise the issue of information and digital literacy of first-year students of bachelor studies of the 2020/2021 generation of the Department of Iberian Studies of the Faculty of Philology at the University of Belgrade, Serbia. The aim of the research is to determine the development of information and digital skills based on the analysis of student papers. The research methodology is related to the analysis of papers written for the subject Spanish1, where it was required for students to list the sources used in the paper, with definitions of the given terms. Also, the analysis raises the question of whether students rely on books and textbooks or on internet websites. The results of the analysis indicate that 72.25per cent of the students did the task according to the given instructions, citing the relevant sources in the paper. In conclusion, I point out that the percentage of works that met the requirements of the work justified the expectations of the research taking into account the fact that there is no mandatory subject of information and digital literacy in bachelor studies. In this regard, the high percentage of successful papers is significant. Further research could focus on information and digital literacy in other years of bachelor studies of this department.
Multilingual Digital Tools for Environmental Protection and Eco-Citizenship: What Type of Integration for Empowerment of Adult Learning?
Authors: Julia Ndibnu-Messina , Karen Ferreira-Meyers , Constantine Kouankem , Innocent Fasse Mbouya
Published: September 2022

Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo participated in projects launched by the International Organisation of La Francophonie. We chose the project relating to the SDGs and present part of the results in this paper. In Cameroon, nearly 33per cent of adults are illiterate. However, nearly half of these illiterate people can read in their mother tongues, French and English, at a basic level. They therefore need to be educated about languages to become literate. Bi/plurilingual training is developed in programmes such as the operational programme for language teaching in Cameroon. The African Union and international organisations promote bi/plurilingual teaching practices, but challenges remain. Among these challenges is functional adult literacy. Although adults are seen as people with more learning abilities than children, access to information becomes restricted if they cannot read or write. However, they can access digital tools and manipulate them for self-training in a specific area. In this study, we explore the influence of an online multilingual lexicon focused on the protection of the environment and eco-citizenship on the learning of standards and practices by adults. We use a qualitative–quantitative method and a theoretical framework based on interactionism and functionalism. The results indicate a lack of knowledge of the use of terminology audience. The experiment should be continued by adapting exercises to the lexicon, and a form should be developed to register those who wish to continue this type of literacy training through a hybrid device.
Distance Learning and Learner Readiness: Combining Pedagogies for Enculturating Language Learners to Online Education
Authors: Nami Fatemeh
Published: September 2022

More than a decade after the first introduction of online e-learning platforms, distance education has turned into a defining component of the educational contexts across different grade levels and disciplines including second and foreign language teaching/learning. Grounded on the social constructivist theories of learning, online and distance education presumes more active roles for learners by placing them at the centre of the process of learning. Considering the determining role of learner readiness in the effectiveness of online learning attempts, exploring relevant strategies that can prepare learners (ie enculturate them) for online education appears to be imperative for technology-enhanced learning research and computer-assisted language learning research. To contribute to this research base, in the present article, I report on a study which was conducted on two groups of engineering students who attended online real-time technical English courses at a public university of technology. One group was randomly assigned as the control group and the other as the experimental group. Although the students in the control group experienced language learning in an online real-time setting in which a teacher-centred pedagogical approach was applied, their final exam mean score was generally lower compared to that of the students in the experimental group who were enculturated to online learning through combined pedagogies. The observed difference can be attributed to the efficacy of the selected treatment. The obtained results can be specifically productive for curriculum designers and materials developers.
Towards Post-Digital Open, Distance Learning: Utopia or Dystopia
Authors: Uleanya Chinaza , Prinsloo Paul
Published: September 2022

The effect of the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic on the education sector forces us to consider the impossibility of education without technology. Meanwhile, technology (in one form or another) has always been an integral part of education and increasingly assumed to be as available as the air that we breathe and the water that we drink. On the other hand, in higher education in general, there is increasing evidence that the post-digital serves as a useful point of departure in research on the role, impact, advantages and disadvantages of technology in education. Following a search on Scopus and the Web of Science, it is therefore evident that the Global North is responsible for all of the research on the post-digital and education, with England and Croatia being the main contributors. In this study, we therefore critically engage with the notion of the post-digital and the future of distance education in the specific context of the Global South. In the study, we explore and attempt to present the role technology played and continues to play in the evolution of distance education. We then map the contours of the post-digital before considering a research agenda for post-digital distance education in the context of the Global South.
Pre-operative optical coherence tomography macula: An indispensable investigation to predict post-operative outcomes
Authors: Solu Trupti M. , Balraj Sivaranjani , Patel Isha , Acharya Shivani
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to identify clinically undiagnosed macular pathologies and determine their distribution in pre-operative cataract patients.

Materials and Methods:

The present study is a hospital-based cross-sectional study of patients who attended the ophthalmology OPD to undergo pre-operative evaluation for cataract surgery in a tertiary care government hospital in South Gujarat, India, during a period from July 2019 to September 2020. The inclusion criteria for the study were patients above the age of 40 years with immature cataracts that allowed for optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan acquisition. Patients with prior history of macular disease or those who have undergone treatment for retinal pathologies were excluded from the study. Two hundred cataract patients who met the defined inclusion criteria and gave an informed written consent were enrolled. Three hundred and ten eyes with a normal fundoscopic appearance underwent spectral domain OCT macula examination before cataract surgery. The OCT macula scans were scrutinised for any undiagnosed subtle macular pathologies and were documented. Cataract surgery with explained visual prognosis was undertaken in specific cases correlating with their macular findings and surgery was deferred in a few.

Results:

Among 200 study participants, 310 eyes had unremarkable fundoscopic appearance on ophthalmoscopy. While undergoing OCT examination, 65 (20.96%) eyes out of 310 showed abnormalities. The most common presentation was epiretinal membrane in 22 eyes (7.09%) followed by pigment epithelial detachment in 14 (4.5%) eyes. Other findings were drusen (nine eyes), lamellar macular hole (five), vitreomacular traction (five), IS-OS junction abnormalities (four), retinal pigment epithelium alterations (two), juxtafoveal telangiectasia (one), foveal thinning (one), pseudovitelliform lesion (one) and spongy oedema (one).

Conclusion:

Routine fundoscopic examination for pre-operative cataract evaluation of the 200 study participants failed to identify subtle macular pathologies which were further diagnosed on SD-OCT Macula. Sixty-five eyes (20.96%) out of the 310 eyes were found to have macular pathologies. The various findings that were obtained provided us an insight into the appropriate choice of intraocular lenses, required surgical consents and the therapeutic strategy for each individual patient. Thus, we can conclude that OCT macula is an indispensable investigation before cataract extraction to avoid unsolicited post-operative surprises and medicolegal conundrums.
Physicians’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Ethical and Medical Issues of Palliative Care in Suez Canal University Hospital
Authors: Awny Mona M. , Al-Touny Shimaa A. , Gaafar Samar E. M.
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

Palliative care (PC) includes a varied range of medical and ethical aspects that should be considered. The role of physicians in PC is crucial so this work explores physicians’ knowledge, attitude and practice toward PC in Suez Canal University hospital in Egypt.

Material and Methods:

A questionnaire survey investigating physician’s knowledge, attitude and practice in PC in 30 questions besides their personal and professional data.

Results:

Nearly 31% of participants received education in PC. Only 5.5% realised that PC should be introduced to patients at all health-care levels. Most participants (70.9%) were not aware about the WHO three-step analgesic ladder. About 57.7% and 43.6% of participants preferred informing terminal patients about their diagnosis and prognosis, respectively. More than half of participants (58.6%) agreed that the medical intervention decision is the patient’s right and 63.2% agreed that do not resuscitate choice is the patient or his family right if he is incompetent. Participants who do not have advance care plans discussions with their terminal patients represented 53.6%.

Conclusion:

This study indicated lack of knowledge and insufficient professionalism during management of terminal patients regarding some medical and ethical issues of PC. Formal education and training are urgently needed to improve the holistic vision and practice of PC in Egypt.
The dynamics of 14С and 36Сl radionuclide leaching from irradiated RBMK‑1000 graphite in aqueous media and its analysis
Authors:   Pilot & Demonstration Center for Decommissioning of Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactors, Pavliuk A. O. , Kotlyarevsky S. G. ,   Pilot & Demonstration Center for Decommissioning of Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactors, Kan R. I. ,   Pilot & Demonstration Center for Decommissioning of Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactors, Volkova A. G. ,   А. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zakcharova E. V. ,   А. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dorofeev A. N. ,   State Corporation Rosatom, Zinnurov B. S. ,   State Corporation Rosatom, Komarov E. A. ,   State Corporation Rosatom
Published: September 2022

The paper presents experimentally evaluated parameters of 14C and 36Cl leaching from irradiated RBMK-1000 graphite in aqueous media of various compositions, including distilled water and those stimulating the groundwater. To predict further radionuclide migration and to demonstrate the disposal safety, an array of initial data was formed presenting the characteristics of RBMK-1000 graphite stacks. The paper proposes an optimal approach describing numerically the function of the leaching dynamics. It also compares the calculated dynamics of 14C and 36Cl leaching from GR‑220 (PUGR) and GR-280 (RBMK-1000) graphite.
Borehole RW Disposal Concept and Prospects of its Implementation in Russia
Authors:   Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kochkin B. T. , Bogatov S. A. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2022

The paper evaluates the prospects of borehole disposal considering a number of solidified RW types generated at Russian enterprises, which was done based on analyzed world literature sources discussing the safety of radioactive waste storage facilities of mine and borehole types.
Cyanine Renaissance: Tailoring the Properties to Applications
Authors: Janeková Hana , Russo Marina , Štacko Peter
Published: September 2022

In this account, we provide an overview of the applications that arose from the recently developed synthetic methodology that delivers heptamethine cyanines (Cy7) substituted at the central chain. The ability to easily introduce and manipulate various substituents in different substitution patterns along the cyanine chain enabled rational tailoring of the photophysical and photochemical properties. Exercising this control over the structure–property relationship proved to have a substantial impact in the field of cyanine dyes and was swiftly harnessed in a number of emerging applications in distinct areas, including fluorescent probes, biosensors, dye-sensitized upconversion nanoparticles, phototruncation of cyanines and photocages. While this method unlocked a number of new avenues, many synthetic challenges remain to be conquered in order to fully capitalize on the potential of cyanines, and we provide a short perspective that summarizes them at the end of this manuscript.
Microbes for Archaeological Wood Conservation
Authors: Ganesan Sathiyanarayanan , Monachon Mathilde , James Sarah M. , Joseph Edith
Published: September 2022

This project focuses on innovative biological methods of extraction for the preservation of waterlogged wood suffering from salt precipitation and acidification. The principal investigator and her team proposed to exploit biomineralization capacities of some bacteria for anticipating the extraction of iron and sulfur compounds when wood is still wet. A comprehensive assessment of the extraction performances achieved on wood objects from lake and marine environments will allow a versatile extraction method to be proposed to end-users.
Moisture transport in cotton woven fabrics of different weaves and linear density of weft yarn
Authors: Kamińska Dominika , Matusiak Małgorzata
Published: September 2022

Cotton is the most common raw material of natural origin applied in clothing manufacturing. Clothing currently available on the market is usually made of plain weave fabrics. As part of this study, 3 pairs of cotton woven fabrics with different weaves (plain, twill 2/2 S, transverse rep 1/1) and different linear density of weft yarn (60 tex and 100 tex) were tested. The scope of research included determination of parameters characterizing the ability of fabrics to transport moisture in liquid form. The investigation was carried out on the Moisture Management Tester M290. The investigations allowed assessing the moisture transport of individual fabrics as well as the influence of both weave and linear density of weft yarn on the parameters characterizing the liquid moisture transport in the fabrics.
Numerical simulation of hypersonic flow around semi-sphere with non-equilibrium physical and chemical processes in high-temperature air
Authors: Волков К.Н. , Гимадиев В.А. , Добров Ю.В. , Карпенко А.Г.
Published: September 2022

Высокотемпературные эффекты оказывают существенное влияние на характеристики летательных аппаратов, движущихся с гиперзвуковой скоростью. В связи со сложностью постановки физического эксперимента, методы математического моделирования играют важную роль для нахождения характеристик гиперзвуковых летательных аппаратов. Обсуждается построение и реализация математической модели, предназначенной для численного моделирования гиперзвукового обтекания тела с учетом неравновесных физико-химических процессов в высокотемпературном воздухе. Математическая модель включает в себя уравнения газовой динамики, уравнения модели турбулентности и уравнения химической кинетики. Проводится численное моделирование сверх- и гиперзвукового обтекания полусферы потоком воздуха с учетом высокотемпературных эффектов. Приводится критический обзор различных моделей, которые применяются для нахождения расстояния от фронта ударной волны до поверхности сферы. Результаты расчетов, полученные с использованием разработанного численного метода, сравниваются с данными физического эксперимента и расчетными данными, имеющимися в литературе, в широком диапазоне чисел Маха набегающего потока. Разработанная модель и результаты расчетов имеют значение для моделирования обтекания тел сложной конфигурации и проектирования высокоскоростных летательных аппаратов.

High-temperature effects have a significant impact on the characteristics of aircraft moving at hypersonic speed. Due to the complexity of setting up a physical experiment, mathematical modelling plays an important role in finding the characteristics of hypersonic aircraft. The construction and implementation of a mathematical model for the numerical simulation of a hypersonic flow around a semi-sphere is discussed, taking into account non-equilibrium physical and chemical processes in high-temperature air. The mathematical model includes the equations of gas dynamics, the equations of the turbulence model and the equations of chemical kinetics. Numerical simulation of supersonic and hypersonic air flow around a hemi-sphere is carried out, taking into account high-temperature effects. A critical review of various models that are used to find the shock stand-off is given. The results of calculations obtained using the developed numerical method are compared with the data of a physical experiment and the computational data available in the literature in a wide range of Mach numbers. The developed model and computational results are important for simulation of flows around bodies of complex configuration and designing high-speed aircraft.
Unravelling interactions between active site residues and DMAP in the initial steps of prenylated flavin mononucleotide biosynthesis catalyzed by PaUbiX
Authors: Zaczek Szymon , Dybala-Defratyka Agnieszka
Published: September 2022

Background Prenylated flavin mononucleotide (prFMN) is a recently discovered, heavily modified flavin compound. It is the only known cofactor that enables enzymatic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. It is produced by enzymes from the UbiX family, from flavin mononucleotide and either dimethylallyl mono- or diphosphate. prFMN biosynthesis is currently reported to be initiated by protonation of the substrate by Glu140. Methods Computational chemistry methods are applied herein - Constant pH MD, classical MD simulations, and QM cluster optimizations. Results Glu140 competes for a single proton with Lys129 prior to prFMN biosynthesis, but it is the latter that adopted a protonated state. Once the prenyl-FMN adduct is formed, Glu140 occurs in a protonated state far more often, while the occupancy of protonated Lys129 does not change. Lys129, Glu140, and Arg122 seem to play a key role in either stabilizing or protonating DMAP’s phosphate group within the PaUbiX active site throughout initial steps of prFMN biosynthesis. Conclusions The role of Lys129 in the functioning of PaUbiX is reported for the first time. Glu140 is unlikely to act as a proton donor in prFMN biosynthesis. Instead, Lys129 and Arg122 that fulfil this role. Glu140 still plays a role in contributing to hydrogen-bond network. This behavior is most likely conserved throughout the UbiX family due to the structural similarity of the active sites of those proteins. Significance Mechanistic insights into a crucial biochemical process, the biosynthesis of prFMN, are provided. This study, although purely computational, extends and perfectly complements the knowledge obtained in classical laboratory experiments.
Rational design of a self-assembling high performance organic nanofluorophore for intraoperative NIR-II image-guided tumor resection of oral cancer
Authors: Sun Xianwei , Chintakunta Praveen , Badachhape Andrew , Bhavane Rohan , Yang David , Starosolski Zbigniew , Lee Huan-Jui , Ghaghada Ketan , Vekilov Peter , Annapragada Ananth , Tanifum Eric
Published: September 2022

The first line of treatment for most solid tumors is surgical resection of the primary tumor with adequate negative margins. Incomplete resections with positive margins account for over 75% of local recurrences and the development of distant metastases. In cases of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the rate of successful tumor removal with adequate margins is just 15-26%. Advanced real-time imaging methods that improve detection of tumor margins can help improve success rates. Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window has the potential to revolutionize the field due to its superior imaging qualities, but NIR-II dyes with adequate in vivo performance and safety profiles are scarce. We report a novel high-performance organic molecule NIR-II fluorophore, XW-03-66 , with a fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of 6.0% in aqueous media. XW-03-66 self-assembles into nanoparticles (~80 nm) and has a systemic circulation half-life (t 1/2 ) of 11.3 h. In mouse models of HPV+ and HPV- OSCC, XW-03-66 outperformed indocyanine green (ICG), a clinically available NIR dye, and enabled intraoperative NIR-II image-guided resection of the tumor and adjacent draining lymph node with negative margins. In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessments revealed minimal safety concerns for in vivo applications.
Metal-Catalyzed Hydrophosphination
Authors: Novas Bryan , Waterman Rory
Published: September 2022

Organophosphines have garnered attention from many avenues ranging from agriculture to fine chemicals. One-time use of phosphate resources has made sustainable use of phosphorus overall imperative. Hydrophosphination serves as an efficient method to selectively prepare P–C bonds, furnishing a range of phosphorus-containing molecules while maximizing the efficient use of phosphorus. Since the first report in 1958, a wide array of catalysts have appeared for hydrophosphination, a reaction that is spontaneous in some instances. This review presents a representative view of the literature based on known catalysts through mid-2022, highlighting extensions to unique substrates and advances in selectivity. While several excellent reviews have appeared for aspects of this transformation, this review is meant as a comprehensive guide to reported catalysts.
Overcoming the Entropy Penalty of Direct Air Capture for Efficient Gigatonne Removal of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Soeherman Jimmy , Jones Andrew , Dauenhauer Paul
Published: September 2022

Atmospheric carbon poses an existential threat to civilization via global climate change. Hundreds of gigatonnes of carbon dioxide must be removed from Earth’s atmosphere in the next three decades, necessitating a low-cost, energy-efficient process to extract low concentrations of carbon dioxide for conversion to a stable material permanently stored for thousands of years. In this work, the challenge of removing gigatonnes of CO2 is described via the scale of effort and the thermodynamics of collecting and reducing this diffuse chemical, the accumulation of which imparts a substantial entropy penalty on any atmospheric carbon capture process. The methods of CO2 reduction combined with upstream direct air capture (DAC) including absorption, membrane separation, and adsorption are compared with biomass torrefaction and permanent burial (BTB). A Monte Carlo model assesses the mass, energy, and economics of the full process of biomass torrefaction from biomass collection and transport to stable carbon burial to determine that 95% of scenarios could remove carbon for less than $200 per CO2-tonne-equivalent. Torrefied carbon is further discussed for its long-term stability and availability at the scale required to substantially mitigate the threat of climate change.
Water as a modifier in a hybrid coordination network glass
Authors: Sørensen Søren Strandskov , Ren Xiangting , Du Tao , Traverson Ayoub , Xi Shibo , Jensen Lars R. , Bauchy Mathieu , Horike Satoshi , Wang John , Smedskjaer Morten M.
Published: September 2022

Chemical diversification of hybrid organic-inorganic glasses remains limited, especially compared to traditional oxide glasses, for which continuous composition variation and thus property tuning is possible through addition of weakly bonded modifier cations. In this work, we show that water addition can depolymerize polyhedra with labile metal-ligand bonds in a cobalt-based coordination network, yielding a series of non-stoichiometric glasses. Based on calorimetric, spectroscopic, X- ray absorption fine structure, and ab initio simulation studies, we demonstrate that the added water molecules promote breakage of cobalt-oxygen bonds, which leads to lower melting and glass transition temperatures. These structural changes also modify both the physical and chemical properties of the melt-quenched glass, with strong parallels to the network modifier concept in oxide glasses. We show that this approach also applies to other transition metal-based coordination networks, and it will thus enable diversification of hybrid glass chemistry, including non- stoichiometric glass compositions, continuous tuning of physical and chemical properties, and a significant rise in the number of glass-forming hybrid systems by allowing them to melt before they thermally decompose.
Exploring Deep Learning for Metalloporphyrins: Databases, Molecular Representations, and Model Architectures
Authors: Su An , Zhang Chengwei , She Yuanbin , Yang Yun-Fang
Published: September 2022

Metalloporphyrins have been studied as biomimetic catalysts for more than 120 years and have accumulated a large amount of data, which provides a solid foundation for deep learning to discover chemical trends and structure-function relationships. In this study, key components of deep learning of metalloporphyrins, including databases, molecular representations, and model architectures, were systematically investigated. A protocol to construct canonical SMILES for metalloporphyrins was proposed, which was then used to represent the two-dimensional structures of over 10,000 metalloporphyrins in an existing computational database. Subsequently, several state-of-the-art chemical deep learning models, including graph neural network-based models and natural language processing-based models, were employed to predict the energy gaps of metalloporphyrins. Two models showed satisfactory predictive performance (R2>0.94) with canonical SMILES as the only source of structural information. In addition, an unsupervised visualization algorithm was used to interpret the molecular features learned by the deep learning models.
IZCp and PZCp: Redox Non-innocent Cyclopentadienyl Lig-ands as Electron Reservoirs for Sandwich Complexes
Authors: Choi Hyeonjeong , Yoo Seung Hyuk , Song Hayoung , Lee Eunsung
Published: September 2022

Numerous developments in the electronic and steric modification of cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligands have led to a corresponding growth in their applications. Herein, we present two new redox non-innocent Cp compounds, imidazolium- and pyrrolinium-substituted zwitterionic Cps (IZCp 1a and PZCp 1b). The Cps were obtained in high yields and could be handled easily owing to their high stability in air and moisture, unlike other known Cps. The redox non-innocent behavior of the Cp ligands was demonstrated via experimental and computational analyses of their half-sandwich and sandwich complexes. During cyclic voltammetry, the molybdenum half-sandwich (3a, 3b) and ruthenium sandwich ([4a]PF6, [4b]PF6) complexes of IZCp and PZCp showed reversible one-electron reduction at a low potential (E1/2 ranging from −1.7 to −2.7 V vs. Fc/Fc+). This phenomenon has not been studied previously because of the high instability of the reduced complexes. DFT calculations for the reduced complexes ([3a]‾, [3b]‾, 4a, and 4b) confirmed that their spin density was mainly delocalized over the ligand center (70%–90%). EPR analysis of the isolated K[3b] and 4b indicated their ligand-centered radical structures. Furthermore, the CO stretching frequencies of K[3b] (νCO 1871.35, 1748.10, and 1698.80 cm−1) revealed that the redox non-innocent [PZCp]‾ ligand is the strongest electron-donating Cp ligand among previously reported CpMo(CO)3 derivatives (νCO > 1746 cm−1).
The First in Siberia: From the History of the Dissertation Council in Historical Sciences at ISU. Part 1: The History of the Formation and Development of the Council, 1942–2022
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Ivanov A. A. , Kuznetsov S. I. ,   Irkutsk State University, Petrushin Yu. A. ,   Irkutsk State Transport University
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the Dissertation Council for Historical Sciences, established at the Irkutsk State University in the distant military year of 1942. Over the eighty years of its activity, the Council has trained hundreds of scientific and pedagogical personnel of the highest qualification for universities and academic institutions of Irkutsk, the cities of Siberia and the Far East, scientists from Buryatia, Tyva, Yakutia, the Mongolian People's Republic defended the results of their research here.
Social Portrait of the Chiefs of the Gendarmerie Department in the Irkutsk Province
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Rumyantsev P. P.
Published: September 2022

Based on the analysis of biographical data, a social portrait of all the heads of the gendarmerie department in the Irkutsk province was compiled. The main sources for the study were the formularies and service records of gendarmerie officers, orders for the Gendarmerie Corps, legislative acts of the central government. The conclusion is made that by the beginning of the 20th century the status of this department in the system of the gendarmerie department and the prestige of the position of the head of this department had increased.
The Formation and Functioning of Revolutionary Committees on the Gizhiginsky District Territory of Kamchatka Province in 1923–1925
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Pasechnik A. F.
Published: September 2022

The author of the article reveals the process of organizing the Gizhiginsky district revolutionary Committee, its structure and personnel composition, the compiler also reflects the activities on the formation of authorities at the lower level (rural revolutionary committees). The article writer shows the total number of rural revolutionary committees operating in the territory of the county in 1924-1925, indicating the names of settlements geographically related to them. The compiler pays special attention to the problematic aspects in the activities of authorities at the county and rural levels in conditions of remoteness, transport isolation, lack of communication and illiteracy of the vast majority of the population. The author of the article emphasizes the provincial revolutionary committee commissioners’ role in the Gizhiga district. This position was instated in order to strengthen the county administrative apparatus and increase the efficiency of its activities. There are highlighted the results of the specific officials’ work (Okhapkin P.G., Ponyataev N.S., Beretti N.N., Ponomarev P.N.), who carried out the leadership of the Gizhiginsky district, in the work. The materials from the collections of the Kamchatka Territory State Archive – F. P-19 (Kamchatka Provincial Bureau of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) – RCP (b)), F. R-30 (Kamchatka District Executive Committee), F.P-45 (Kamchatka District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) – CPSU (b)) of the Kamchatka Territory state archive were used as the main sources of this article.
“Hundred Days” by Constable Bernard d'Armagnac
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Nuzhdin O. I.
Published: September 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the political situation that developed in Paris at the end of 1415 – the first half of 1416. At this time, the first political and financial measures of the constable Bernard d'Armagnac fall, aimed at the same time to continue the war with England and to stabilize the situation in the capital of France. The policy of the constable did not achieve its goal, but led to an increase in discontent among the Parisians.
Investigation of a Glow Discharge with a Coaxial Hollow Cathode
Authors: Pogorelov Stanislav V. , Krasovskyi Ihor V. , Timaniuk Volodymyr A. , Kokodii Nikolay G.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the operating modes of a glow discharge with a coaxial hollow cathode in helium and neon gases. It is shown that the burning voltage of a discharge with a coaxial hollow cathode is lower than one with a cylindrical hollow cathode of equal diameter, and the position of the optimal pressure range depends on the width of the annular gap of the cavity. It is noted that the rod current density is 3-5 times higher than the cylinder current density. The insignificant role of the photoelectric effect in the processes of electron emission from the cathode is proved. It is shown that the intensity of the atomic spectral lines of the cathode material increases significantly when a coaxial hollow cathode is used.
Superradiation of Mobile Oscillators
Authors: Poklonskiy Eugen , Totkal Stanislav
Published: September 2022

The paper considers the development of the process of superradiance of radiating oscillators interacting with each other by means of an electromagnetic field. The interaction of oscillators occurs both with the nearest neighbors and with all other oscillators in the system. In this case, the possibility of longitudinal motion of oscillators along the system, due to the action of the Lorentz force, is taken into account. It is shown that, regardless of the motion of the oscillators, for example, due to their different masses, the maximum attainable amplitude of the generation field changes little. However, the radiation efficiency depends on how this field is distributed in the longitudinal direction. In the case of a shift of the field maximum towards the ends of the system, the radiation efficiency can noticeably increase. In addition, the direction of the phase velocity of the external initiating field is important, which accelerates the process of phase synchronization of the oscillators. This can also affect the ejection of particles outside the initial region, and here the total number of ejected particles and their speed turn out to be important. It is discussed how the density of oscillators and the size of the region occupied by oscillators will change.
Pressure of Electromagnetic Radiation on a Thin Linear Vibrator in a Waveguide
Authors: Kokodii Mykola , Katrich Victor , Berdnik Sergey , Nesterenko Mykhail , Maslov Vyacheslav , Priz Ivan
Published: September 2022

The problem of electromagnetic wave pressure on a thin conductive vibrator located in a rectangular waveguide is solved. Wave H10 falls on the vibrator. The vibrator is located perpendicular to the wide wall of the waveguide. The current in the vibrator arising under the action of the electric field of the wave is calculated. The current distribution along the vibrator is almost uniform. The current in the microwave range depends little on the vibrator conductivity. Two components of the magnetic field - longitudinal and transverse exist in the H10 wave. When these components interact with the current in the vibrator, forces arise, acting on the vibrator across the waveguide and along it. The magnitude of the longitudinal force is greatest when the vibrator is located in the middle of a wide wall. It is almost 2 times greater than the force acting on the vibrator in free space at the same average radiation intensity, When the vibrator length is close to half the radiation wavelength, the force is maximum. The transverse force is determined by the interaction of the current in the vibrator with the longitudinal component of the magnetic field in the waveguide. It is maximum when the vibrator is located at the distance of ¼ of the length of the wide wall from its middle. If the length of the vibrator is less than half the wavelength of the radiation, the force is directed towards the axis of the waveguide, otherwise - in the opposite direction. The possibility of using microwave radiation pressure to create micromachines and to control the position of the vibrator in space has been evaluated. This requires a radiation power of several watts.
Breast cancer detection using machine learning and image processing
Authors: Maheswari K. , Tadipathri Sayed Afreen
Published: September 2022

Nowadays breast cancer is the frequent type of cancer in women which leads to death. Mammography and ultrasound are the common ways to detect breast cancer. This paper employs Machine Learning for identification of breast cancer using mammography images. Ultrasound and Elastography are the combined imaging techniques used to separate benign and malignant breast lesions. Support vector machine is a classifier which is used for the classification of combined B-mode and Elastography image. This paper helps the physician to detect breast cancer earlier.
A survey on deep learning techniques in real-time applications
Authors: Kanthi Rekha Miriyala , Dhana Lakshmi Gorle , Suneetha Eluri
Published: September 2022

In recent years, machine learning and Deep Learning have increased and gathered epic success in traditional application domains and new areas of Artificial Intelligence. The performance using Deep Learning has dominated experimental results compared to conventional machine learning algorithms. This paper presents an overview of the progress that has occurred in Deep Learning (DL) concerning some application domains like Autonomous Driving, Healthcare, Voice Recognition, Image Recognition, Advertising, Predicting Natural Calamities, National Stock Exchange and many more. Additionally, deeper insights into several Deep Learning techniques, their working principles, and experimental results are scrutinized. The survey covers Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), Auto-Encoder (AE), Deep Belief Network (DBN), Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL).
CTS-Astro: Astronomia no enfoque da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade e análises sobre o Ano Internacional da Astronomia 2009-Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Orlando Rodrigues , Voelzke Marcos Rincon
Published: September 2022

O trabalho enfoca a Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade a partir da Astronomia numa abordagem que os autores denominam de CTS-Astro. Igualmente considera que a Astronomia extrapola os limites da própria Ciência, visto encaminhar para reflexões relativas à própria existência, fundamentação filosófica embasada no princípio antrópico do Universo.Na seqüência, discorre sobre o Ano Internacional da Astronomia 2009 no Brasil e seus resultados. Em 2003, Brasil, Itália e França encaminharam à Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura-UNESCO uma petição para 2009 ser considerado como o Ano Internacional da Astronomia, por ocasião dos 400 anos das primeiras observações telescópicas realizadas, em 1609, por Galileu Galilei (1568-1642). O International Year of Astronomy 2009 envolveu 148 países e mais de 815 milhões de pessoas, ocasionando uma integração sem precedentes na História entre as áreas científicas, tecnológicas e humanas.O Brasil teve destacado desempenho, mas, mesmo após

alguns anos, os inúmeros dados do país ainda são passíveis de estudos e análises, por exemplo, como os impactos positivos em variados setores da sociedade se tornaram permanentes como ações agregadas em diversas instituições, quais Escolas, Universidades, Observatórios, Planetários, Museus de Ciências e Clubes de Astronomia, entre outras.