bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aproximación al acoso laboral desde la legislación comparada
Authors: Morales Ramírez María Ascensión
Published: May 2017

Las conductas abusivas que se dan en el ámbito de las relaciones en el trabajo han cobrado importancia en estudios de diversas disciplinas. Sin embargo, al ser un fenómeno cuya problematización es de carácter laboral y que cada día es más frecuente, sus causas y consecuencias han sido consideradas por las instancias jurídicas internacionales y nacionales para su tratamiento legal. Por ello, resulta interesante identificar el papel jugado por el derecho respecto de esta temática, tanto en el hecho de su regulación como en el de su combate. En forma específica, se necesita revisar el desarrollo jurídico ocurrido en las últimas décadas, y determinar tanto el enfoque como el grado alcanzado a la luz de los documentos de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, la Unión Europea y América Latina.
El Acuerdo de París. Predominio del soft law en el régimen climático
Authors: Nava Escudero César
Published: May 2017

Es práctica común entre los Estados, adoptar dentro del régimen internacional de protección al ambiente, al que pertenece el régimen climático, acuerdos vinculantes con un alto contenido de normas que carecen de obligatoriedad; esto es, normas de soft law. El Acuerdo de París de 2015 es precisamente un ejemplo de lo anterior. A través de un breve análisis del contenido soft en los dos antecedentes convencionales más importantes (es decir, la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático de 1992 y el Protocolo de Kioto a dicha Convención de 1997), este artículo tiene por objeto examinar algunos de los preceptos más relevantes del Acuerdo de París, para corroborar la reincidencia de los Estados en el uso de normas no vinculantes para este tipo de tratados. Esto evidencia que dicho acuerdo no es, jurídicamente hablando, un instrumento excepcional, sino tan sólo la manifestación reiterada de la comunidad internacional para enfrentar de esta manera el cambio climático.
De Kelsen a la Contradicción de tesis 293/2011: los conflictos normativos entre jerarquías formales y decisionismo
Authors: Puppo Alberto
Published: May 2017

El punto de partida de este trabajo es doble: desde una perspectiva teórica se cuestiona la relación entre las jerarquías normativas y las teorías sobre las relaciones entre sistemas jurídicos, y desde una perspectiva práctica se reconstruye la postura de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación respecto de la siguiente cuestión: ¿qué deben hacer los jueces cuando se enfrentan a un conflicto entre una norma constitucional restrictiva de derechos y otra internacional protectora de derechos? Para formular una respuesta que no obedezca a meras ideologías se deben hacer varias distinciones: entre jerarquía y supremacía,fuentes y normas, normas y posiciones normativas, reglas y principios, y tomar en serio la ambigüedad de la noción de norma restrictiva de derechos. Dada la complejidad del cuadro que resulta de la combinación entre todos los significados posibles de las nociones clave, no sorprende que, más allá de las tesis publicadas, la pregunta toral no tenga respuestas correctas ni desde el puntode vista de la Constitución ni desde una perspectiva internacional. Sólo habrá, caso por caso, decisiones más o menos bien fundamentadas.
Informe sobre el referéndum boliviano de 2016
Authors: Cárdenas Gracia Jaime
Published: May 2017

El ensayo describe el referéndum boliviano del 21 de febrero de 2016, en el que los bolivianos dijeron “no” a la pretensión de Evo Morales para reelegirse consecutivamente como presidente por dos veces. Se muestran los argumentos a favor de la doble reelección consecutiva y las razones en contra. Se analiza si la reelección de los ejecutivos, sin controles democráticos suficientes, es una institución contramayoritaria, y se expone como marco del referéndum, el conflicto geopolítico entre neoliberalismo y populismo.
Recepción formal y sustantiva del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos: experiencias comparadas y el caso chileno
Authors: Nash Rojas Claudio , Núñez Donald Constanza
Published: May 2017

El presente artículo analiza la recepción formal y sustantiva del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos en el ámbito latinoamericano (Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, México y Perú), con el objetivo de demostrar que pese a que las opciones constitucionales de recepción formal del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos han sido disímiles, la jurisprudencia constitucional ha seguido caminos que convergen hacia una recepción sustantiva de éste. Esta recepción jurisprudencial tiende hacia una mayor efectividad en la protección de los derechos humanos con el objetivo de cumplir las obligaciones internacionales que asumen los Estados, mediante la utilización de herramientas comunes: bloque de constitucionalidad y principio pro persona.
Razonamiento comparado en México y en Chile: normas jurídicas internacionales sobre discapacidad, en particular la jurisprudencia
Authors: Peña Neira Sergio Ramiro
Published: May 2017

La jurisprudencia internacional y comparada sobre “discapacidad” permite entender la interpretación y aplicación de normas jurídicas internacionales en vigor en el ordenamiento jurídico nacional, México y Chile. Luego de analizar una serie de casos extraemos directrices de interpretación que permiten evitar que sea la ausencia de regulación jurídica nacional de la discapacidad cognitiva en el caso chileno donde directamente se declara al discapaz como incapaz, o quizá constituir uno de los modelos de solución de los problemas generados por la aplicación de tratados internacionales en el ordenamiento jurídico nacional, generación de lagunas por antinomia entre normas jurídicas: otorgamiento de derechos y supresión de los mismos al declararle una situación jurídica que impide su ejercicio directo.
Análisis comparado de la jurisprudencia del TJUE y de los tribunales norteamericanos en materia de validez de las cláusulas de elección de tribunal en los contratos de consumo online
Authors: Velázquez Gardeta Juan M.
Published: May 2017

Las relaciones de consumo que se verifican por Internet suponen un reto para los juristas, que se ven obligados a repensar muchas cuestiones ya pacíficas para el ámbito de los contratos online. Una de las más trascendentes es la validez de las cláusulas de elección de tribunal competente. Al debate entre autorregulación y control estatal se suma el factor de la tradicional desprotección de los consumidores y la velocidad de celebración de contratos en la red. La posibilidad de que el consumidor interponga su demanda en el Estado de su domicilio es la clave para que el principio de tutela judicial efectiva sea real. La regulación de los criterios formales de las cláusulas de elección de tribunal y el establecimiento de unos principios de fondo no sólo garantizan el equilibrio entre las partes, sino que van en pos de un aumento de la confianza en las relaciones de consumo online. La experiencia de los tribunales norteamericanos en la cuestión, derivada del mayor número de transacciones online, sirve para ser exportada a otros sistemas jurídicos. Algunos conceptos como el de stream of commerce o doing business, que guardan relación con sitios web activos y pasivos, son la base aún de la elaboración de normas de competencia judicial internacional. En ese sentido, la Unión Europea cuenta con la ventaja de ser un sistema integrado con un máximo órgano intérprete del derecho. Por último, la necesidad de normas convencionales se hace patente en América, donde los intentos de unificación han sido estériles.
FATORES ENVOLVIDOS NA INTERRUPÇÃO DE UMA PSICOTERAPIA PSICANALÍTICA COM UMA PACIENTE BORDERLINE: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SISTEMÁTICO
Authors: Von Mengden Campezatto Paula , Barcellos Serralta Fernanda , Habigzang Luísa Fernanda
Published: May 2017

Estudos de caso sistemáticos naturalísticos oferecem uma oportunidade para compreender os processos que promovem mudança terapêutica a partir da análise profunda das interações terapeuta-paciente. Da mesma forma, oferecem subsídios para a compreensão dos processos que não alcançaram os objetivos terapêuticos propostos. Este estudo buscou integrar fatores técnicos, variáveis de processo terapêutico e medidas de aliança terapêutica para compreender um processo terapêutico que culminou em interrupção prematura. Método: Estudo de caso sistemático naturalístico, realizado a partir da psicoterapia psicanalítica de uma paciente com Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline. Para tanto, foram utilizados os instrumentos: Instrumento para Avaliar Sessões Psicanalíticas (IASP), Therapeutic Cycles Model (TCM), Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS) e Working Alliance Inventory – versão observacional (WAI-O). Resultados: Identificou-se que as variáveis estudadas não se apresentam de forma linear, revelando a complexidade de uma psicoterapia. Na análise dos resultados, verificou-se que a paciente se mostrava descomprometida com o processo terapêutico e havia indícios de rupturas da aliança terapêutica. Três sessões não foram aderidas à técnica psicanalítica. Implicações dos achados e limitações do estudo foram discutidas.
ANÁLISIS DE INSTRUMENTOS DE MEDICIÓN DEL PENSAMIENTO CRÍTICO
Authors: Ossa-Cornejo Carlos J. , Palma-Luengo Maritza R. , Lagos-San Martín Nelly G. , Quintana-Abello Ingrid M. , Díaz-Larenas Claudio H.
Published: May 2017

El pensamiento crítico es una competencia relevante hoy en día en la formación universitaria, con escaso consenso conceptual y metodológico en sus instrumentos de medición. En este artículo se ofrece una revisión acerca de los instrumentos que se han utilizado para medir el pensamiento crítico, con la finalidad de generar una discusión que permita una mejor comprensión y valoración de los aspectos que componen esta habilidad. La metodología utilizada consiste en una revisión sistemática de estudios en bases de datos, seleccionando 31 estudios de 97 encontrados, y analizando en profundidad ocho de ellos; se utilizó además, análisis de contenido temático para las definiciones y características de instrumentos. Los resultados señalan la existencia de divergencias a la hora de definir y evaluar el pensamiento crítico, con variedad de instrumentos y escaso consenso en los componentes medidos. Se discute la necesidad de lograr un modelo de Pensamiento Crítico integrado que considere habilidades cognitivas, metacognitivas y disposicionales.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE IDOSOS SOBRE FAMÍLIA
Authors: Da Silva Gonçalves Fernandes Janaína , Rodrigues da Costa Beethoven Hortencio , Siqueira de Andrade Márcia
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi identifi car e analisar as representações sociais de idosos sobre família.Realizou-se pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa norteada pela Teoria das Representações Sociais. Participaram 14 idosos aposentados, com idades entre 65 e 86 anos residentes na região oeste da grande São Paulo no Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, como apoio do software IRAMUTEQ, e posteriormente com a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Foram identificados dois temas a partir do discurso dos participantes: educação familiar e perdas (afastamento dos filhos; e mudanças e morte). Considerou-se que o papel do idoso dentro do contexto familiar depende do sentido que eles possuem do próprio processo de envelhecimento. Na velhice ativa e autônoma a família precisa de ser protegida e educada. Em idosos fragilizados o sentido de família está relacionado a perdas.
ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE VALORES DE TRABAJO, INTERESES PROFESIONALES Y RASGOS DE PERSONALIDAD
Authors: Pinto Lariana Paula , Porto Noronha Ana Paula , Marín Rueda Fabián Javier
Published: May 2017

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la asociación entre intereses profesionales y valores de trabajo, y entre valores de trabajo y rasgos de personalidad. Participaron 281 universitarios, con edad media de 23.97 años, de los cursos de Administración, Psicología, Filosofía y Teología, del Estado de San Pablo, Brasil. Fueron aplicados tres instrumentos (Escala de Evaluación de los Valores de Trabajo, Cuestionario de Búsqueda Auto-Dirigida y Batería Factorial de Personalidad). Los resultados indicaron que los factores ‘Gerenciamiento y Responsabilidad’ y ‘Preocupación Social’ de la Escala de Evaluación de los Valores de Trabajo explicaron mejor los intereses ‘Realista’, ‘Social’, ‘Convencional’ y ‘Artístico’, con varianza explicada entre 2% y 18%. En relación a los rasgos de personalidad como predictores de los valores de trabajo, los resultados indicaron valores entre 9% a 33%, siendo ‘Competencia’ la faceta más presente en los modelos. Los resultados se discuten en base a la literatura.
FACTORES PSICOPATOLÓGICOS DE RIESGO EN INTENTOS DE SUICIDIO
Authors: López Steinmetz Lorena Cecilia
Published: May 2017

Este estudio caracterizó el factor psicopatológico de riesgo en intentos suicidas asistidos en el servicio de urgencia de un hospital general de Jujuy, Argentina. El estudio fue de tipo epidemiológico, de diseño descriptivo transversal. Las fuentes de datos fueron los registros de asistencias psicológicas durante 2007-2008 y 2011-2012. Del total de intentos suicidas (N = 481), el 19.54% había intentado suicidarse anteriormente, mientras que el 28.07% tenía diagnóstico de trastorno mental, de los cuales el 56.30% recibía tratamiento al momento del intento suicida. Trastornos del ánimo, especialmente depresivos, y Trastornos relacionados con sustancias fueron los diagnósticos más frecuentes. Se hallaron diferencias significativas según marcadores demográficos (sexo-edad) que deben ser consideradas en investigaciones futuras. Los resultados mostraron que el factor psicopatológico de riesgo suicida es mucho menos prevalente en la casuística local comparado con reportes en poblaciones foráneas. Los hallazgos relativizan la importancia del factor psicopatológico de riesgo en intentos suicidas.
Mean, Odd Sequential and Triangular Sum Graphs
Authors: Seoud M. A. , El-Zekey M. , El-Gazar E. F.
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we prove that all odd sequential graphs are mean graphs, but not all mean graphs are an odd sequential graph. We show that some new families generated by some graph operations on some standard graphs are admitting mean labeling and odd sequential labeling. Finally, we conclude some new results in triangular sum graphs.
Design and Implementation of New Feynman and Toffoli (NFT) Gates in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA)
Authors: Waheed Sajjad , Rasel Md. Golam
Published: May 2017

In this paper, New Feynman and Toffoli (NFT) gate is proposed based on QCA logic gates. The proposed circuit is a promising future in constructing of nano-scale low power consumption information processing system and can stimulate higher digital applications in QCA. QCA technology is a promising alternative to CMOS technology. It is attractive due to its fast speed, small area and low power consumption. A novel electronics paradigm for information processing and communication by QCA offers technology. QCA technology has the potential for attractive features such as faster speed, higher scale integration, higher switching frequency, smaller size and low power consumption than transistor based technology.
Generalized Flexible Weibull Extension Distribution
Authors: Ahmad Zubair , Iqbal Brikhna
Published: May 2017

In this article, a four parameter generalization of the flexible Weibull extension distribution so-called generalized flexible Weibull extension distribution is studied. The proposed model belongs to T-X family of distributions proposed by Alzaatreh et al. [5]. The suggested model is much flexible and accommodates increasing, unimodal and modified unimodal failure rates. A comprehensive expression of the numerical properties and the estimates of the model parameters are obtained using maximum likelihood method. By appropriate choice of parameter values the new model reduces to four sub models. The proposed model is illustrated by means of three real data sets.
Radiomanganese PET Detects Changes in Functional β-Cell Mass in Mouse Models of Diabetes
Authors: Hernandez Reinier , Graves Stephen A. , Gregg Trillian , VanDeusen Halena R. , Fenske Rachel J. , Wienkes Haley N. , England Christopher G. , Valdovinos Hector F. , Jeffery Justin J. , Barnhart Todd E. , Severin Gregory W. , Nickles Robert J. , Kimple Michelle E. , Merrins Matthew J. , Cai Weibo
Published: May 2017

The noninvasive measurement of functional β-cell mass would be clinically valuable for monitoring the progression of type 1 and type 2 diabetes as well as the viability of transplanted insulin-producing cells. Although previous work using MRI has shown promise for functional β-cell mass determination through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC)–mediated internalization of Mn2+, the clinical utility of this technique is limited by the cytotoxic levels of the Mn2+ contrast agent. Here, we show that positron emission tomography (PET) is advantageous for determining functional β-cell mass using 52Mn2+ (t1/2: 5.6 days). We investigated the whole-body distribution of 52Mn2+ in healthy adult mice by dynamic and static PET imaging. Pancreatic VDCC uptake of 52Mn2+ was successfully manipulated pharmacologically in vitro and in vivo using glucose, nifedipine (VDCC blocker), the sulfonylureas tolbutamide and glibenclamide (KATP channel blockers), and diazoxide (KATP channel opener). In a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes, 52Mn2+ uptake in the pancreas was distinguished from healthy controls in parallel with classic histological quantification of β-cell mass from pancreatic sections. 52Mn2+-PET also reported the expected increase in functional β-cell mass in the ob/ob model of pretype 2 diabetes, a result corroborated by histological β-cell mass measurements and live-cell imaging of β-cell Ca2+ oscillations. These results indicate that 52Mn2+-PET is a sensitive new tool for the noninvasive assessment of functional β-cell mass.
Coupled thermal-mechanical-contact analysis of hot cracking in laser welded lap joints
Authors: Wei Haoyan , He Qizhi , Chen Jiun-Shyan , Wang Hui-Ping , Carlson Blair E.
Published: May 2017

Laser welding offers numerous advantages and has been widely adopted in the automotive industry. However, its application in light-weight vehicle manufacturing is still limited due to hot cracking that commonly occurs in Al-Mg-Si alloys. An in-depth understanding of the hot cracking mechanism is of great importance to the optimal design of welding processes. To this end, a 3-D coupled thermomechanical finite element model is developed to investigate the laser welding of lap joints made of 5xxx and 6xxx Al sheets. The temperature-dependent material behavior of aluminum alloys is described by a thermo-elastic-plastic constitutive law, the plastic history variable of which is re-initialized during material recrystallization processes. Moreover, a material state variable representing the irreversible welding process is introduced into the model to properly describe the thermal and mechanical contact behaviors at the interface between two alloy sheets. Using the simulated thermal field, the weld mushy zone susceptible to crack initiation during solidification is identified. Accordingly, critical mechanical state and field variables are analyzed to investigate the potential cracking mechanisms. It is found that the tensile interfacial stress is a key factor for the initiation of hot cracks close to the free edge of the welding specimen. The influence of weld line-to-edge distance on the cracking susceptibility is numerically evaluated and compared with experimental observations. The numerical simulation reveals that increasing the weld line-to-edge distance can reduce the cracking susceptibility, which is consistent with the experimental observation.
High-speed pump-probe imaging of ultrashort pulsed laser cutting of polymers
Authors: Heberle Johannes , Knoll Matthias , Alexeev Ilya , Häfner Tom , Schmidt Michael
Published: May 2017

Ultrashort pulsed laser processing is an effective technology for high-precision cutting, ablation, and drilling of almost all types of material, with low thermal input to the substrate. Polymers which are usually transparent for the laser pulses can be efficiently processed. The material is heated very fast resulting in direct evaporation of the irradiated material volume. On one hand, incubation effects occur due to changed surface roughness, voids, and chemical changes of the material, leading to a variation of energy absorption. On the other hand, if a high repetition rate and high pulse energy are applied to achieve high productivity at polymer cutting, heat accumulation occurs leading to melting and heat affected zones. An estimation of the pulse number dependent material modification and heat input which leads to these effects is not easily accessible for quantitative measurements. Furthermore, numerous process parameters influence the interaction making process analysis and optimization extensive. A versatile tool towards improved knowledge on ultrashort pulsed processes is pump-probe imaging. By using this, effects on a very short timescale such as nonlinear laser absorption, propagation of material waves and plasma generation can be visualized. The recording device in the setup which is applied for the analysis of polymer cutting and drilling in this paper is a high-speed camera with frame rates of up to 50 kHz. This enables recording video sequences contrary to taking a single picture. The authors utilized this to enable the observation of effects of heat accumulation which evolves after a large amount of pulses. Simultaneously, the authors were able to maintain the stated advantages of the pump-probe configuration. Therefore, under variation of several process parameters such as pulse repetition rate, pulse energy, and lateral pulse to pulse separation video sequences were recorded. By a variation of the pump-probe delays of 0 up to 5 ns, material wave propagation can be identified and optimized for evaluation. The points of origin of the observed waves are considered as the regions of highest nonlinear energy deposition; thus, the deposited energy distribution can be estimated. As every single pulse up to a pulse number of 1000 pulses is imaged, the transition from high penetration depth of the first incident pulses to strong surface absorption for an increasing pulse number due to incubation can be shown. Furthermore, strongly absorbing spots in the bulk volume caused by impurities and material modification lead to vapor generation under high pressure. Finally, the confined pressure is assumed to be a main reason for crack formation.
Experimental determination of influencing factors on the humping phenomenon during laser micro welding of thin metal sheets
Authors: Seiler Michael , Patschger Andreas , Tianis Lukas , Rochholz Christian , Bliedtner Jens
Published: May 2017

Industrial applications such as joining pressure sensors or battery cells often demand short processing times for economic reasons. Thin metal sheets of thickness smaller than 100 μm are suitable for this purpose. The possible maximum feed rate for an efficient welding process is limited by weld defects, which occur at a certain threshold value of feed rate. Materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, and titanium were welded in bead-on-plate welds in order to generate a full penetration weld. Here, our attention is focused on understanding this instability. In this paper, we performed tests to clarify the influence of the thermophysical properties of the applied materials and the process factors laser power and focal diameter on the humping effect. Due to these attributes, the weld seam formation and hydrodynamic behavior of the melt change. By means of microscopical surface line scans and high-speed imaging, the observations were analyzed depending on the feed rate. The results from the line scans provide the possibility to analyze the surface topography of the weld seam. In particular, the distance, height, and axial frequency of the solidified humps can be categorized in order to get a deeper understanding of the solidified hump structure and the phenomenon in general. To avoid the occurrence of humping, a criterion is defined by the ratio of laser power to weld seam cross section for the applied materials.
Thermal energy use for dehumidification of a tomato greenhouse by natural ventilation and a system with an air-to-air heat exchanger
Authors: Maslak Katarzyna , Nimmermark Sven
Published: May 2017

The aim of the study was to estimate the amount of thermal energy used for dehumidification of a naturally ventilated tomato greenhouse and to estimate how mechanical ventilation with the use of a heat exchanger recovering heat from the exhaust to the supply air may decrease the energy use. Measured use of thermal energy in a naturally ventilated tomato greenhouse was compared to modelled values using Powersim® software. By the help of the model an estimation of the amount of energy used for dehumidification was made for the months April – September. A non-hygroscopic rotary air-to-air heat exchanger was studied, and its temperature and moisture efficiencies were measured. Modelling for leaf area index (LAI) 3.5 and 4.0 m2 m-2 indicated that 23 and 29% of the total thermal energy was used for moisture removal respectively. Modelling for the heat exchanger indicated thermal energy savings of 15 and 17% for the same LAI respectively.
Efficiency of lupine seed (Lupinus angustifolium and Lupinus luteus) in sow, piglet and fattener feeding
Authors: Hanczakowska Ewa , Księżak Jerzy , Świątkiewicz Małgorzata
Published: May 2017

The possibility to replace a part of soybean meal in sow, piglet and growing finishing pig feed by high and low alkaloid varieties of two species of lupines was examined in this study. 50 Polish Landrace sows and their progeny were allocated to 5 groups. Two varieties of Lupinus angustifolius: low (Graf) in group II and high alkaloid (Karo) in group III and Lupinus luteus: low- (Mister) in group IV and high alkaloid (Parys) in group V, partly replaced soybean meal (control). Apparent digestibility was evaluated using the same feeds on 30 barrows: around 40 kg (grower) and 80 kg (finisher). Litter weight of piglets from lupine groups was significantly lower than that from control group. Between 35th and 84 day piglet fed with low-alkaloid lupine (Graf) gained better than others and than soybean meal. Feed enzyme supplement has only limited effect on piglet and growing pig performance. During the whole fattening period there was no significant difference in weight gains except group fed high-alkaloid cv. Karo which was the worst. Meat of pigs fed with lupines was poorer in PUFA n-3 than control. Results suggest low alkaloid varieties of blue and yellow lupine, given in moderate amount, give similar results in growing pig feeding than soybean meal but meat quality is lower.
EKPLORASI MODEL SANITASI KOMUNAL BAGI MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN DESA PINGGIR PAPAS
Authors: Fansuri Subaidillah
Published: May 2017

Pemerintah telah membangun sanitasi komunal di pemukiman  padat  daerah  pesisir  dengan  tujuan untuk mengkomunalkan sarana mandi, cuci, dan kakus agar limbahnya mudah dikendalikan dan pencemarannya dapat di batasi, serta dapat memudahkan pengadaan air bersih. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya kesadaran masarakat tentang limbah atau sampah yang selalu di buang dimana saja sehingga sulit untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan.Kata Kunci  : Pengetahuan, Sikap, PemanfaatanSanitasi Komunal
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI DESA PINGGIRPAPAS KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Desahariyanto Dwi , Fansuri Subaidillah , Diana Anita Intan Nura
Published: May 2017

Seiring bergulirnya waktu, Kabupaten Sumenep semakin berkembang. Perkembangan ini juga diiringi dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk dan peningkatan aktifitas mereka tentunya, dimana peningkatan aktifitas tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan volume sampah.Berdasarkan kondisi nyata di Desa Pinggirpapas, Kabupaten Sumenep dan penelitian sebelumnya yang telah dilakukan menjadi dasar pada penelitian ini. Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang strategi pengelolaan sampah di Desa Pinggirpapas, Kabupaten Sumenep.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem pengelolaan sampah di Desa Pinggirpapas, kemudian akan dijadikan dasar dalam penentuan strategi yang paling tepat untuk diterapkan di Desa Pinggirpapas. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat yang tinggal di Desa Pinggirpapas, akan tetapi hanya diambil sampel 280 orang dengan menggunakan teknik sistem random sampling dan tarah kesalahan atau taraf signifikansi sebesar 5%. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT.Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh informasi bahwa nilai skor yang tertinggi pada variabel eksternal adalah pada variabel Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sumenep sebesar 10,00, sedangkan nilai skor yang paling rendah pada variabel eksternal adalah Di wilayah/ Desa Pinggirpapas belum ada tempat penampungan sementara (TPS) sebesar (-) 4,71.Nilai skor yang tertinggi pada variabel internal adalah pada variabel Dukungan masyarakat sebagai salah satu dari stakeholder dalam pengelolaan sampah sebesar 5,36, sedangkan nilai skor yang terendah pada variabel Masyarakat Desa Pinggirpapas tidak mau memisahkan sampah menurut jenisnya sebesar (-) 3,49.Posisi manajemen pengelolaan sampah di Desa Pinggirpapas berada pada kuadran IV (negatif,negatif). Posisi manajemen pengelolaan sampah di Desa Pinggirpapas lemah dan menghadapi tantangan besar. Strategi yang dapat direkomendasikan adalah strategi bertahan, artinya kondisi manajemen berada pada pilihan delematis. Kesalahan dalam pengambilan keputusan akan membawa bencana yang besar. Oleh karenanya, manajemen pengelolaan sampah disarankan untuk bertahan, sambil terus membenahi diri agar lebih baik.
Registration of Wyandot × PI 567301B Soybean Recombinant Inbred Line Population
Authors: Lee Sungwoo , Jun Tae-Hwan , McHale Leah K. , Michel Andrew P. , Dorrance Anne E. , Song Qijian , Mian M. A. Rouf
Published: May 2017

A soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] mapping population, Wyandot × PI 567301B (Reg. No. MP‐5, NSL 519221 MAP), consisting of 357 F7–derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was jointly developed by the USDA‐ARS and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster, OH. The population was developed by single seed descent from a cross between ‘Wyandot’ and PI 567301B. Wyandot is a food‐grade cultivar released by The Ohio State University, and PI 567301B is a plant introduction from China that differs from Wyandot for many morphological traits. PI 567301B was also confirmed to carry resistance to seed and seedling root rot, powdery mildew, and the soybean aphid. We have used this population to map quantitative trait loci (QTL)/genes for nine traits. The 357 RILs were genotyped using BARCSoySNP6K BeadChips, and a high density linkage map with 2545 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers well distributed on the 20 chromosomes of soybean was constructed and recently published. This mapping population is among the few biparental soybean mapping populations featuring high‐resolution genetic maps. We believe that the genetic map, population, and phenotypic data we provide will be an excellent resource for teaching labs in plant breeding and genetics as well as in discovery of new QTL.
Aeromedical Evacuation Using Extra Corporeal Life Support After Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Gerard David , Raffin Hervé , Lebreton Guillaume
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND: Extra corporeal life support (ECLS) is presently first line therapy for refractory cardiogenic shock. Mobile circulatory support teams implant ECLS or extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients in the hospital without circulatory support. These patients
are then transported to specialized centers. Here we report a case of sending a mobile circulatory support team abroad, followed by air ambulance evacuation, which, to our knowledge, has never been used as part of medical assistance abroad.CASE REPORT: In June, during a holiday
in Turkey, a 56-yr-old woman complained about chest pain. She had a cardiac arrest and was resuscitated with no no-flow time in the local hospital. ECG showed ST segment elevation. Medic'Air International medical assistance (Paris, France) contacted the hospital, which was not equipped with
coronarography or cardiac ultrasound and the local treating doctor refused transfer of the patient to another facility. A medical team completed by a cardiothoracic surgeon and a perfusionist went from Paris to the patient’s bedside by air ambulance. They implemented the ECLS and successfully
repatriated the patient to her home country (Belgium). The patient’s condition improved, she neurologically improved, and returned home on the 14th day.DISCUSSION: Possible indications for ECLS repatriations firstly take into account recognized ECLS indications
and case-by-case discussions on the evaluation of inadequacy of the health facilities and risk-benefit balance. In international medical assistance, this case’s description is an example of repatriation for patients who previously could not be transferred due to high risk of such intervention.Gerard
D, Raffin H, Lebreton G. Aeromedical evacuation using extra corporeal life support after resuscitated cardiac arrest. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(4):431–433.
Cooling Effects of Wearer-Controlled Vaporization for Extravehicular Activity
Authors: Tanaka Kunihiko , Nagao Daiki , Okada Kosuke , Nakamura Koji
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION: The extravehicular activity suit currently used by the United States in space includes a liquid cooling and ventilation garment (LCVG) that controls thermal conditions. Previously, we demonstrated that self-perspiration for evaporative cooling (SPEC) garment effectively
lowers skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. However, the cooling effect is delayed until a sufficient dose of water permeates and evaporates. In the present study, we hypothesized that wearer-controlled vaporization improves the cooling effect.METHODS: Six healthy
subjects rode a cycle ergometer under loads of 30, 60, 90, and 120 W for durations of 3 min each. Skin temperature and humidity on the back were measured continuously. Subjects wore and tested three garments: 1) a spandex garment without any cooling device (Normal); 2) a simulated LCVG (s-LCVG)
or spandex garment knitted with a vinyl tube for flowing and permeating water; and 3) a garment that allowed wearer-controlled vaporization (SPEC-W).RESULTS: The use of s-LCVG reduced skin temperature by 1.57 ± 0.14°C during 12 min of cooling. Wearer-controlled vaporization
of the SPEC-W effectively and significantly lowered skin temperature from the start to the end of cycle exercise. This decrease was significantly larger than that achieved using s-LCVG. Humidity in the SPEC-W was significantly lower than that in s-LCVG.DISCUSSION: This preliminary
study suggests that SPEC-W is effective in lowering skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. The authors think it would be useful in improving the design of a cooling system for extravehicular activity.Tanaka K, Nagao D, Okada K, Nakamura K. Cooling effects of wearer-controlled vaporization for extravehicular activity. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(4):418–422.
Middle Ear Barotrauma in Student Pilots
Authors: Sohn Jung Heob , Cho Kyoung Rai
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION: The present study reports the clinical features of middle ear barotrauma in student pilots in the Republic of Korea Air Force.METHODS: The authors reviewed medical records of student pilots with barotrauma. The grade of barotrauma was assigned using Teed’s
classification. This study included nasal symptoms, endoscopic findings of the nasal cavity, and clinical course (duration, recurrence). The relationship between middle ear barotrauma and the nasal airway was also evaluated.RESULTS: There were 57 cases in 51 pilots included. There
were 49 cases (86.0%) that showed unilateral disease and 4 subjects experienced relapse. Two subjects (3.9%) had chronic rhinosinusitis and four subjects (7.8%) had allergic rhinitis. Ear fullness was reported in all cases, while hearing loss and persistent ear pain were reported in 3 cases
(5.3%) and 19 cases (33.3%), respectively. Stuffy nose (26 cases, 45.6%) and rhinorrhea (24 cases, 42.1%) were relatively common. Most cases were Grade 0 (23 cases, 40.3%) or Grade III (27 cases, 47.4%) according to Teed’s classification. Septal deviation was observed in 12 cases (21.0%),
while turbinate hypertrophy was seen in 53 cases (93.0%) and increased nasal discharge in 33 cases (57.9%). The grade of barotrauma varied significantly according to the severity of turbinate hypertrophy and nasal discharge. The mean duration of disease was 6.8 d.DISCUSSION: Nasal
symptoms and endoscopic findings showed some association with the grade and duration of barotrauma. Most cases resolved within a week; however, barotrauma showed persistence or relapse in some cases.Sohn JH, Cho KR. Middle ear barotrauma in student pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform.
2017; 88(4):406–412.
Cognitive Evaluation of Israeli Air Force Pilot Cadets
Authors: Gordon Shirley , Goren Chen , Carmon Erez , Shelef Leah
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE: In aviation psychology, there is a constant need for the cognitive evaluation of pilots as part of operational fitness and safety criteria.METHODS: A cross-sectional study with comparison between the performance of Israeli Air Force pilot cadets (N
= 318) and U.S. Air Force pilot training candidates (N = 512) as assessed by a cognitive battery was undertaken. The data of the comparison group was collected from Callister, King, and Retzlaff, as published in 1996.RESULTS: In general, the means in the three components
composing the battery—speed, accuracy, and throughput variables—indicated that the Israeli Air Force pilot cadets' scores were higher than those of the U.S. Air Force pilot candidates' scores in 50 of 53 variables. Nonsignificant differences were found in Accuracy of shifting attention-arrow
color (SATAC), pathfinder-combined (PFC), and pathfinder-letter (PFL).CONCLUSIONS: The difference in performance between the two groups may be due to differences in population characteristics. However, these results need to be considered cautiously, as the groups were sampled at
a sizeable time gap (1996 for the U.S. Air Force vs. 2013 for the Israeli Air Force), with each time period characterized by different cultural and technological influences.Gordon S, Goren C, Carmon E, Shelef L. Cognitive evaluation of Israeli Air Force pilot cadets. Aerosp Med
Hum Perform. 2017; 88(4):392–398.
Safety Considerations for Medical Staff and Patients Who Fly Over Water in a Helicopter for Work or Recreation
Authors: Brooks Christopher J. , MacDonald Conor V.
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND: Around 25% of people involved in a helicopter accident in water do not survive. From time to time, physicians and their medical staff are required to fly over water in a helicopter to attend one or more seriously ill patients. Many will have had little or no experience
of the issues involved if the helicopter has an accident in the water. Also as Family Practitioners, Aeromedical Examiners, and Flight Surgeons, they are asked to provide advice to patients, travel agents, and airline booking agents about whether an overwater helicopter flight is advisable
or not.METHOD: From 50 yr of helicopter accident evidence in the scientific literature, government agency reports, and statistics from the military safety centers and the offshore oil industry, the critical hazards involved and risks to medical staff and their patients have been
identified.RESULTS: Patients most at risk are those who suffer from cardiovascular or respiratory disease, have physical disabilities, have a very large body size, and anyone who is a non-swimmer. Medical staff are at risk if they are not familiar with the procedure for escape from
a flooded inverted cabin and difficulties after escape from the fuselage with life jackets, life rafts, and sometimes the necessity to swim ashore.CONCLUSIONS: With 50 yr of hindsight, many of the deaths were preventable, and many lives can be saved if a series of very simple mental
and physical preventive actions are taken by anyone stepping on to a helicopter that flies over water.Brooks CJ, MacDonald CV. Safety considerations for medical staff and patients who fly over water in a helicopter for work or recreation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(4):413–417.
Venous Gas Emboli and Ambulation at 4.3 psia
Authors: Conkin Johnny , Pollock Neal W. , Natoli Michael J. , Martina Stefanie D. , Wessel James H. , Gernhardt Michael L.
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION: Ambulation during extravehicular activity on Mars may increase the risk of decompression sickness through enhanced bubble formation in the lower body. Hypotheses: walking effort (ambulation) before an exercise-enhanced denitrogenation (prebreathe) protocol at 14.7
psia does not increase the incidence of venous gas emboli (VGE) at 4.3 psia, but does increase incidence if performed after tissues become supersaturated with nitrogen at 4.3 psia.METHODS: VGE results from 45 control subjects who performed exercise prebreathe without ambulation
before or during a 4-h exposure to 4.3 psia were compared to 21 subjects who performed the same prebreathe but ambulated before and during the hypobaric exposure (Group I) and to 41 subjects who only ambulated before the hypobaric exposure (Group II). Monitoring for VGE in the pulmonary artery
was for 4 min at about 12-min intervals using precordial Doppler ultrasound (2.5 mHz). Detected VGE were assigned a categorical grade from I to IV. The detection of Grade III or IV was classified as “high VGE grade.”RESULTS: The incidence of high VGE grade for Group
I (57%) was greater than the control (17%) and Group II (15%). The incidence of pain-only decompression sickness was greater for Group I (20%) than the control (0%) and Group II (5%).CONCLUSIONS: High-grade VGE are increased by mild ambulation conducted under a supersaturated state
(Group I vs. II); however, no increase was observed with mild ambulation during the saturated state alone (control vs. Group II).Conkin J, Pollock NW, Natoli MJ, Martina SD, Wessell JH III, Gernhardt ML. Venous gas emboli and ambulation at 4.3 psia. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017;
88(4):370–376.
Décoration et enluminure des chartes royales anglaises au Moyen Âge
Authors: Danbury Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

The study of the scripts, decoration, and illumination of medieval charters and documents contributes substantially to our knowledge of palaeography, diplomatic, manuscript illumination, heraldry and administrative practice, as well as our understanding of medieval artistic and political propaganda. In this survey of decorated and illuminated English royal charters from the middle of the thirteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, the author revisits the research she published in 1989 in order to provide a survey of relevant literature published since that date, to treat various aspects of the ornamentation of charters in medieval England, and to discuss the research that remains to be done.
Louis de Navarre († 1376), un prince cadet entre solidarité familiale et ambition personnelle
Authors: Charon Philippe
Published: May 2017

The careers of many younger sons of royal families were often similar. Even when they became involved in government, they often chose to free themselves from their older brothers’ authority by embarking on distant adventures in hopes of establishing dynasties of their own. This was true of Louis of Navarre († 1376), the younger brother of King Charles II of Navarre, count of Évreux (1349-1387). After having been his brother’s counsellor and deputy, he married the putative heiress of the kingdom of Naples, who also possessed rights to Albania. But, in following the other members of his family in staunchly supporting Charles of Navarre’s policies towards both Spain and France, he also provides a striking – and rare – example of fraternal solidarity.
Vertically transmitted symbionts as mechanisms of transgenerational effects
Authors: Gundel Pedro E. , Rudgers Jennifer A. , Whitney Kenneth D.
Published: May 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

A transgenerational effect occurs when a biotic or abiotic environmental factor acts on a parental individual and thereby affects the phenotype of progeny. Due to the importance of transgenerational effects for understanding plant ecology and evolution, their underlying mechanisms are of general interest. Here, we introduce the concept that inherited symbiotic microorganisms could act as mechanisms of transgenerational effects in plants.

METHODS:

We define the criteria required to demonstrate that transgenerational effects are microbially mediated and review evidence from the well‐studied, vertically transmitted plant–fungal symbiosis (grass–Epichloë spp.) in support of such effects. We also propose a basic experimental design to test for the presence of adaptive transgenerational effects mediated by plant symbionts.

KEY RESULTS:

An increasingly large body of literature shows that vertically transmitted microorganisms are common in plants, with potential to affect the phenotypes and fitness of progeny. Transgenerational effects could occur via parental modification of symbiont presence/absence, symbiont load, symbiont products, symbiont genotype or species composition, or symbiont priming. Several of these mechanisms appear likely in the grass–Epichloë endophytic symbiosis, as there is variation in the proportion of the progeny that carries the fungus, as well as variation in concentrations of mycelia and secondary compounds (alkaloids and osmolytes) in the seed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Symbiont‐mediated transgenerational effects could be common in plants and could play large roles in plant adaptation to changing environments, but definitive tests are needed. We hope our contribution will spark new lines of research on the transgenerational effects of vertically transmitted symbionts in plants.
A Distinct Genetic Cluster in Cultivated Chickpea as Revealed by Genome‐wide Marker Discovery and Genotyping
Authors: Pavan Stefano , Lotti Concetta , Marcotrigiano Angelo R. , Mazzeo Rosa , Bardaro Nicoletta , Bracuto Valentina , Ricciardi Francesca , Taranto Francesca , D'Agostino Nunzio , Schiavulli Adalgisa , De Giovanni Claudio , Montemurro Cinzia , Sonnante Gabriella , Ricciardi Luigi
Published: May 2017

The accurate description of plant biodiversity is of utmost importance to efficiently address efforts in conservation genetics and breeding. Herein, we report the successful application of a genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), resulting in the characterization of a cultivated germplasm collection with 3187 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Genetic structure inference, principal component analysis, and hierarchical clustering all indicated the identification of a genetic cluster corresponding to black‐seeded genotypes traditionally cultivated in Southern Italy. Remarkably, this cluster was clearly distinct at both genetic and phenotypic levels from germplasm groups reflecting commercial chickpea classification into desi and kabuli seed types. Fixation index estimates for individual polymorphisms pointed out loci and genomic regions that might be of significance for the diversification of agronomic and commercial traits. Overall, our findings provide information on genetic relationships within cultivated chickpea and highlight a gene pool of great interest for the scientific community and chickpea breeding, which is limited by the low genetic diversity available in the primary gene pool.