bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New drugs and new concerns: Gaining insight through Pharmacovigilance of direct acting Anti-Viral’s in chronic HCV patients
Authors: Hashmi Zahid Yasin , Zia Muhammad Qasim , Bajwa Akram , Ahmed Maqsood , Anwer Naveed , Raza Mahwish , Baqar Jaffer Bin
Published: January 2021

Objective: The study aimed to assess the safety profile of Direct Acting Anti-Viral’s (DAAs) among patients with chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV).

Methods: This multicenter, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in six gastroenterology and Hepatology centers including Liver Center Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Medical Institute and Liver Center DHQ Hospital Sialkot, Isra Hospital Hyderabad, Allied Hospital Faisalabad and Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar, between May 2018 and May 2019. The data regarding patient demographics, treatment plan and the frequency of Adverse Events (AEs), and their severity was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS version 20.0.

Results: A total of 511 HCV patients were enrolled, with an overall male majority. Around 66.3% patients experienced a total of 419 AEs, out of which 61 events were suspected from DAAs while remaining 317 events were associated with Ribavirin. Pyrexia (24.6%) and fatigue (14.8%) were the most commonly reported AEs among patients receiving DAAs. Factors such as Ribavirin-based treatments and the presence of Cirrhosis were more likely to promote AEs occurrence OR [95%CI] i.e. 5.2(2.3-9.1) and 1.9(1.1-3.1) respectively (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: It is concluded from the study results that DAAs have displayed promising outcomes due to the minimal and minor AEs reported.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3400

How to cite this:Hashmi ZY, Zia MQ, Bajwa A, Ahmed M, Anwer N, Raza M, et al. New drugs and new concerns: Gaining insight through Pharmacovigilance of direct acting Anti-Viral’s in chronic HCV patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):299-304.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3400

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Interview with Kostas Peroulis
Authors: Marinou Chryssa
Published: January 2021

Interview with Kostas Peroulis by Chryssa Marinou
Contributors
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2021

Issue contributors.
Case Report: unilateral condylar hyperplasia
Authors: Shetty Shishir , Guddadararangiah Shrihari
Published: January 2021

Case: This report describes a clinical case of unilateral condylar hyperplasia (CH) with unique, atypical morphology. An important feature of this report is the documentation of a series of clinical photographs of the patient, showing a gradual increase in facial asymmetry associated with the CH. The main symptom reported in this case was facial asymmetry. The main intraoral clinical features observed in the patient were contralateral crossbite and ipsilateral open bite associated with CH. Surgical reshaping of the condyle was the treatment plan for this case.

Conclusions: The main take away point from this case is the importance of obtaining previous photographs of the patient at different ages during case diagnosis, which helps the clinician to determine the approximate time of commencement of CH. This case also highlights the imaging features of rarely observed atypical shape of the hyperplastic condyle.
PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF FERTILIZERS USED AND BIOLOGICS BISOLBIFIT
Authors: Zayceva Kseniya
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the effectiveness of various types of fertilizers and biologics Bisolbifit on the yield and quality indicators of spring barley grain. Experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 in Ulyanovsk region. The soil of the experimental site is represented by leached Chernozem, heavy loam. The scheme of experience included two factors. Factor A-control; pre-sowing seed treatment with Bisolbifit; NPK in pure form at a dose of 15 kg of active substance per hectare; modified NPK (NPKm) at a dose of 15 kg of active substance per hectare; modified NPK (1/2 NPKm) at a dose of 7.5 kg of active substance per hectare. Factor B (background): zero-without fertilizers; pure ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) at a dose of 40 kg of active substance per hectare; modified ammonium nitrate (1/2 NH4NO3m) at a dose of 20 kg of active substance per hectare. Inoculation of seeds with a biological preparation was performed by semi-dry etching 1...2 days before sowing at a dose of 400...600 g per hectare of seeds. For the preparation of modified NPK and ammonium nitrate, the biological preparation Bisolbifit was used in a dose of 4 kg per 1 ton of fertilizers. The drug was applied to mineral fertilizer granules on the day of sowing. All types of fertilizers and biologics studied led to an increase in yield. The use of mineral fertilizers in pure form (untreated with biologics) increased the yield by 0.26...0.41 t/ha, modified – by 0.38...0.54 t/ha, biologics – by 0.06...0.19 t/ha, compared with the control (2.67 t/ha). The use of fertilizers and biologics increased the weight of 1000 grains – the best options were with modified NPK at a dose of 15 kg d. V./ha-49.4...53.0 g. the quality indicators of the studied agricultural practices did not have a significant impact. The highest payback of fertilizers by increasing the yield was recorded in the variant with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Bisolbifit biologics and amounted to 7.7...11.4 kg/kg
Occurrence of Phytophagous Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in a pasture area at the Balsamo municipality, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Terradas Menis Flavio , Rodrigues Sérgio Roberto
Published: January 2021

Pasture areas have been decreasing over the years in Brazil, largely due to the expansion of agricultural areas, mainly in the Southeast region. Natural or planted pastures are subject to attack by insects that can become pests depending on their level of infestation and among them are the Scarabaeidae beetles. The scarce information on the species of this family existing in the region of Bálsamo (São Paulo) makes a study on the occurrence of these species necessary, thus generating data that can contribute to identification and information on possible existing pest species. During September 2018 to August 2019, collections of phytophagous Scarabaeidae species were done in pasture areas with a light trap. A total of 446 adults from the subfamilies Dynastinae, Melolonthinae and Rutelinae were collected. In Dynastinae the genera Bothynus, Coelosis, Cyclocephala, Chalepides and Actinobolus were collected, in Melolonthinae the genera Plectris and Liogenys and in Rutelinae the genera Anomala, Geniates, Leucothyreus, Lobogeniates, Byrsopolis and Trizogeniates were found. Among the species collected, some are described as pests in crops, including pastures, such as Liogenys suturalis Blanchard, which was the species that had the largest number of individuals during the collection period, being indicated as a species worthy of more detailed studies.
Tecnologías emergentes en educación infantil
Authors: Gutiérrez-Castillo Juan Jesús , Puig Gutiérrez María , Rosalía Romero Tena
Published: January 2021

A través de este texto, realizamos una revisión bibliográfica sobre buenas prácticas llevadas a cabo en el marco de la Educación Superior, centrándonos, especialmente, en la formación inicial del profesorado de los Grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria. Lo que nos permite realizar una continua reflexión sobre la acción para saber dónde estamos y qué nuevos retos podemos proyectar y alcanzar. No en vano de esto depende, en parte, la formación de nuestros futuros docentes y por ende el tipo de educación que van a ser capaces de generar en el centro-aula donde van a desarrollar su labor pedagógica.
Kāvya’s Repeat Performances
Authors: Patel Deven M.
Published: January 2021

Largely left underexplored in rasa studies has been an implication made in the middle of the tenth century that śāntarasa eludes theorization with respect to the theater (nāṭya) but may function within an exclusive theory of poetry (kāvya). A discussion in the Daśarūpaka (“The Ten Dramatic Forms”) and its commentary cryptically imply in the fourth chapter of that work that if śāntarasa is viable at all as a genre of rasa theory, it is medium-specific to kāvya and not possible in nāṭya. Though śāntarasa is a dubious category for theater theory and pragmatics, they seem to argue, it may be acceptable in poetry through a synergy of two theoretical schemas: poetics and Yoga psychology. Reviewing these arguments opens up a larger conversation about the significance of medium to rasa theory and the inherent limitations for conceiving unified theories of art.
The ripeness of poetry—innovation in the concept of kāvyapāka as introduced by Bhoja
Authors: Karcz Marta
Published: January 2021

The paper examines the contribution of Bhoja, an 11th-century theoretician of Sanskrit literature, to the theory of kāvyapāka—the maturity or ripeness of poetry. The concept relies on comparison between a poem and a fruit as they likewise must come to fruition to reach perfection—the state when they are most pleasing to their recipients. The theory is mentioned in numerous important Sanskrit works on poetics. However, different theoreticians perceive the state of perfection in poetry somewhat differently. Bhoja provides yet one more view on this matter. Although he relies on his predecessors, and in some points agrees with them, he also offers fresh perspectives on the subject. The paper focuses on the analyses of relevant passages from Bhoja’s works, Sarasvatīkaṇṭhābharaṇa and Śṛṅgāraprakāśa, concerning the subject of kāvyapāka, and compares them with the views of other theoreticians as summarized in the first part of the study.
Inventory in Times of War
Authors: Jola-Sanchez Andres F. , Serpa Juan Camilo
Published: January 2021

Using data from 38,916 businesses in war-torn Colombia and from 5,138 attacks by the two rebel groups, FARC and ELN, we study how firms manage inventory during civil war. We obtain exogenous variation in the conflict intensity via a difference-in-differences model, which hinges on the peace process between Colombia’s government and FARC. Relying on this identification strategy, we hypothesize and show that war causes two effects on firm-level inventories. First, it leads firms to replace physical assets (inventory) with fungible assets (cash), causing them to operate with an oversecured financial buffer, but a fragile operational buffer. Second, this inventory reduction occurs mostly in unprocessed inventories (finished-goods inventories are insensitive to violence), meaning that, although war-torn businesses are equipped to fulfill planned orders, they become inflexible at handling uncertain future demand. We then show that the magnitude of these effects is highly contingent on the firm’s position in the supply chain, its proximity to distribution markets, and the type of attacks it is subject to. We then propose policies to address war-related risk in supply chains.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Reflections on the Evolution of Operations Management
Authors: Graves Stephen C.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, I provide some observations on how the academic field of operations management has changed over the past 40 years. For this purpose, I have identified and classified the operations management (OM) papers published in Management Science in 1976 and in 2016. From this review, I comment on what’s changed, what’s new, and what we might see in the future. In reflecting on these changes, I also document and discuss how the OM editorial structure and mission have evolved at Management Science over this time.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Special Section of Management Science: 65th Anniversary.
Pollen morphology and infrageneric classification of selected Callicarpa species (Lamiaceae) from the Philippines and Borneo
Authors: Danila Jennifer , ALEJANDRO GRECEBIO JONATHAN D.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Danila JS, Alejandro GJD. 2020. Pollen morphology and infrageneric classification of selected Callicarpa species (Lamiaceae) from the Philippines and Borneo. Biodiversitas 21: 5736-5746. We used pollen grains of ten species representing the controversial genera Geunsia Blume and Callicarpa L. from the key centers of Malesia - Philippines, and Borneo including other countries in Asia. Herbarium specimens and collected samples from the field were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in search of new characters to establish conclusive evidence that might contribute to the study of the relationship between Geunsia and Callicarpa. Based on SEM observations, both the investigated pollen grains of Geunsia and Callicarpa are mostly small to medium, spheroidal or circular, prolate to oblate, isopolar, and tricolpate. Moreover, the exine surface is mostly coarsely reticulated with a thin perforated colpus edge and sunken finely granulated colpus membrane. However, exine ornamentation shows possible separation of Geunsia and Callicarpa due to various morphological results observed. Several types of exine ornamentation were found in species of the section Callicarpa, i.e., C. erioclona, C. arborea, C. macrophylla, and C. candicans which attributes in the projected separation of these species while four species in the section Geunsia are united as a group having coarsely reticulate exine. Surprisingly, C. arborea samples give additional support to the hypothesis that rugulate exine sculpture might be its plesiomorphic character due to evolutionary evidence of other exine types of this species. On the other hand, pollen size and shape class of the sections of Geunsia and Callicarpa were both observed with similar features having an average pollen size equivalent to medium and a prolate shape supporting the concept of previous studies to nest Geunsia within Callicarpa. This reveals that pollen morphology is useful in the study of infrageneric classification within these groups. However, further morphological studies involving larger number of specimens are needed especially in the study of exine to prove its consistency as diagnostic character in the study of phylogenetic relationship.
Species composition and growth performance of mangrove forest at the coast of Tanah Merah, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sadono Ronggo , SOEPRIJADI DJOKO , SUSANTI ARI , WIRABUANA PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA , Matatula Jeriels
Published: January 2021

The availability information about species composition and growth performance of mangrove forest are required to determine the best strategies for sustainable ecosystems management, particularly at the coastal area. This study aimed to quantify the number of species composition and growth performance of mangrove stand that established at the coast of Tanah Merah, East Nusa Tenggara. Forest inventory was conducted using nine permanent sampling plot which evenly distributed in every zonation of mangrove. Data were collected in each life stage of vegetation, namely seedling, sapling, pole, and tree. Several parameters were calculated to describe species composition, including important value index, richness, heterogeneity, and evenness. Four indicators were selected to assess the growth performance of mangrove stand in this location, i.e. mean diameter, average height, timber volume, and wood biomass. Results demonstrated the species composition of mangrove forest consisted of 9 different plants. The highest important value index of seedling was noted in A. marina (124.09) while the greatest important value index of sapling, pole, and tree were recorded in S. alba by approximately 86.57, 130.01, 118.58 respectively. This location had low level of richness (1.22) and heterogeneity (0.88) but having high level of evenness (0.99). The mean diameter and height of mangrove stand in this area was 15.2 cm and 8.3 m with an average timber volume and wood biomass around 90.7 m3 ha-1 and 65.1 Mg ha-1 respectively. Based on these findings, we suggested to conduct enrichment planting for improving plant biodiversity of mangrove forest at the coast of Tanah Merah.
Euthynnus affinis viscera-an alternative source for protease and lipase enzymes: Characteristic and potential application as destainer agent
Authors: Mardina Vivi , Harmawan Tisna , Fitriani Fitriani , SUFRIADI ELLY , Febriani Febriani , Yusof Faridah
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Mardina V, Harmawan T, Fitriani, Sufriadi E, Febriani, Yusof F. 2020. Euthynnus affinis viscera-an alternative source for protease and lipase enzymes: Characteristic and potential application as destainer agent. Biodiversitas 21: 5858-5864. This study described the characterization of protease and lipase, extracted from the viscera of Euthynnus affinis and their applications as stains removal. Enzyme increased a few folds (3.99 folds for protease and 2.45 folds for lipase) after the submission to partial purification processes by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Molecular mass assessment by SDS-PAGE showed that the enzyme solution contains three protein bands, estimated at 70, 42, and 24 kDa for protease and 32 kDa for lipase. Zymography confirmed the presence of protease and lipase in the sample. The protease and lipase exhibited optimum activities at pH 7.0 and pH 8.0 respectively, active at temperatures from 35 to 75oC with optimal activities at 65oC for both. The enzymes were stable at alkaline pH after 90 minutes (mins) of incubation and were also stable up to 65oC, showing the remaining activities of more than 70%. Samples containing protease and lipase as de-staining agents were tested by their ability to remove blood and palm oil stains, with results proving they were effective. Overall, the study showed that crude fish visceral extract contains protease and lipase and is useful in removing household stains, and could substitute for commercial detergents.
Phytoplankton biodiversity trends in nanobubble aerated shrimp farming at Probolinggo coast, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Takarina Noverita Dian , Utomo Suyud Warno , Susanti Lily , Rochman Nurul Taufiqu , Cahyadi Dedi , Junaedi Hardi , Saputra Henry Kasman Hadi , Saputra Rizki Nugraha
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Takarina ND, Utomo SW, Susanti L, Rochman NT, Cahyadi D, Junaedi H, Saputra HKH, Saputra RN. 2020. Phytoplankton biodiversity trends in nanobubble aerated shrimp farming at Probolinggo coast, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5906-5914. Phytoplankton is known as an important factor in shrimp farming and its abundance and biodiversity are varied. Nanobubble aeration is one of current aquaculture treatments used in brackish water shrimp ponds. This study aimed to investigate phytoplankton biodiversity trends in nanobubble and control ponds within 21-day observation period. The measured water quality parameters were dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4+, NO2-, pH, salinity, temperature, and water clarity. Data analysis includes calculation of abundance and biodiversity using Shannon-Wiener (H’) index and correlation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 11 phytoplankton species from 5 divisions was recorded. The results show increasing trends in phytoplankton abundance, species, and H’. In pond with nanobubble, H’ increased from 0.322 (95%CI: 0.074-0.718) to 0.561 (95%CI: 0.208-0.916) after 21 days, while in control pond, H’ increased from 0.199 (95%CI: 0.000-0.520) to 0.326 (95%CI: 0.000-0.683). In the nanobubble pond, species showing increasing trend in abundance were Pleurosigma sp., Nitzchia sp., Anabaena sp., Oscillatoria sp., and Microcystis sp. Whereas, species showing a declining abundance trend were Chlorella sp. and Amphora sp. According to PCA, phytoplankton abundance was positively correlated with pH, water clarity, DO, NO2-, and negative correlation with salinity, temperature, and NH4+.
Home range, movement and habitat selection of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
Authors: Sukmasuang Ronglarp - , SUKSAVATE WARONG , SONGSASEN NUCHARIN , KHIOWSREE NORASET , CHARASPET KHWANRUTAI , PLA-ARD MANANYA , CHANACHAI YUWALUK , THOMAS WARISARA , SRINOPAWAN KHANCHIT
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Sukmasuang R, Suksavate W, Songsasen N, Khiowree N, Charaspet K, Pla-ard M, Chanachai Y, Thomas W, Srinopawan K. 2020. Home range, movement and habitat selection of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 5915-5926. This study aimed to examine the home range, movement and habitat selection of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in Khao Yai National Park from January 2017 to September 2019 with the objective of studying their movement, diel activity and habitat selection. Based on Autocorrelated Kernel density home range estimation, the results showed that the average home range size of the adult female dhole was 64.6  km2, while the adult male dhole had an average home range size of 132.9 km2. It was found from the monthly analysis that the home range size varied by animal gender and the period of their denning and parenting time. It was also found that the distance traveled by the female dhole was 10.2 km/day, while the male dhole traveled around 19.3 km/day. The overall analysis discovered that the dholes were most active during dawn and dusk. Further, the level of activity increased from May onwards. The grassland and mixed deciduous habitat types significantly affected the selection of the dholes. Case-control linear logistic regression analysis between the distance of the location and habitat types was extremely and positively significant with grassland, which signified the high activity of dhole in the grassland. However, the result was negative with mixed deciduous forest, which was the habitat of the dhole. Autocorrelation functions demonstrated high activity occurred during the early morning and after sunset, which showed that the dholes could adapt for survival in the area, even with recreational activities in the park. The results of this study could contribute to knowledge concerning the species’ movement for long-term species management and conservation.
Tangible economic value of non-timber forest products from peat swamp forest in Kampar, Indonesia
Authors: Simangunsong Bintang Charles Hamonangan , Manurung Elisa Ganda Togu , Elias Elias , Hutagaol Manuntun Parulian , Tarigan Jusupta , Prabawa Sigit Baktya
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Simangunsong BCH, Manurung EGT, Elias, Hutagaol MP, Tarigan J, Prabawa SB. 2020. Tangible economic value of non-timber forest products from peat swamp forest in Kampar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5954-5960. Development of alternative economy based on non-timber forest products usage is an important means to prevent forest conversion and preserve the quality of a forest ecosystem. The main objectives of this study were to identify and calculate the economic value from tangible/marketable perspective of the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) provided by peat swamp forest in Kampar, Sumatra, Indonesia. This is one of the largest remaining peat swamp forest ecosystems in the country. Seven villages located around that forest ecosystem with total forest cover area of 201,224 ha were chosen as samples. A conversion return approach was used to estimate the economic value of non-timber forest products. The results showed 18 kinds of non-timber forest products were identified, but only seven were used commercially by community. They are jungle rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), sago (Metroxylon sp.), swiftlet nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus), honey, betel nut (Areca catechu L), Agathis resin (Agathis dammara), and pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) The obtained economic value of NTFPs was very low, which was about Rp 9,367.4 (or US$0.68 ha-1 yr-1). Market development of non-timber forest products is then crucial, and the government should play an important role in promoting it in collaboration with private companies. Non-marketed non-timber forest products and various environmental services should also be taken into account to measure that peat swamp forest ecosystem value. Otherwise, concerns about the sustainability of that forest ecosystem in Indonesia due to undervaluation of forest resources will continue.
Aquatic insect communities in headwater streams of Ciliwung River watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wakhid Wakhid , Rauf Aunu , Krisanti Majariana , Sumertajaya I Made , Maryana Nina
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Wakhid, Rauf A, Krisanti M, Sumertajaya IM, Maryana N. 2021. Aquatic insect communities in headwater streams of Ciliwung River watershed, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 30-41. Ciliwung is one of the major rivers flowing from Cisarua (Bogor) to Jakarta. This study was conducted to assess and compare aquatic insect biodiversity and community structure in various headwater streams with respect to different land-use types. Ten stream reaches of the first and second orders representing three different land-use types in the surrounding area (forest, tea plantation, village) were selected. At each stream reach, the aquatic insects were collected using a D-net (0.4 mm mesh). Physico-chemical properties of water were directly measured in the field. Samples were collected every two months from April until December 2018. A total of 26531 aquatic insect specimens belonging to 75 species/morphospecies, 46 families, and 10 orders were recorded. The order Trichoptera was the most abundant comprising 51.28% of the total collected insects, followed by Diptera (30.5%), Ephemeroptera (7.52%), and Plecoptera (6.25%). The highest proportion of functional feeding group was filtering-collectors (61.34%), followed by shredders (16.29%), gathering-collectors (15.32%), and predators (6.94%). Abundance of Diptera and Plecoptera was significantly higher in forest streams, while Ephemeroptera in plantation streams, and Trichoptera in village streams. The peak population of Diptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera occurred in June (dry period), while Plecoptera in December (wet period). The forest streams exhibited the highest species richness and diversity. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed a low dissimilarity among streams of the three land uses (Global R=0.217; P<0.001). The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that forest streams somewhat separated from plantation and village streams. The study provided important information on aquatic insect biodiversity, and indicated the need for forest area preservation in the headwater streams of Ciliwung River watershed.
Der p 1 gene sequence polymorphism in house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
Authors: Adji Aryani , NIODE NURDJANNAH J. , MEMAH VENTJE V. , POSANGI JIMMY , WAHONGAN GRETA J. P. , TALLEI TRINA E.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Adji A, Niode NJ, Memah VV, Posangi J, Wahongan GJP, Tallei TE. 2021. Der p 1 gene sequence polymorphism in house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Biodiversitas 22: 72-78.  Gene polymorphisms in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) mite can affect the immune response that plays a role in atopic disease. This study aimed to determine the polymorphisms of Der p 1 gene from DP. House dust containing DP was used as a source of DNA containing the Der p 1 gene. The gene was amplified using specific primers DP Der 1 P 108F and DP Der 1 P 1509R. The amplified fragments were cloned using the Toyobo pTA2 vector and sorted then compared with the Gene Bank database. The result shows that there are 8 polymorphism sites in the Der p 1 gene positioned at 190 (GR), 463 (CT), 645 (AR), 751 (CY, CT), 787 (CG), 827 (TA; TW), and 1084 (CG). In the Der p 1 gene, there are 5 silent mutations and 3 nonsynonymous substitutions, resulting in amino acid polymorphisms as follows: Histidine H146 to Tyrosine Y146, Alanine A220 to Valine V220 and amino acid X220, and Tyrosine T232 to Serine S232. Polymorphisms in these amino acids lead to a polarity change, from polar to polar and non-polar to non-polar. These dynamics in polarity does not change the structure or function of the allergen protein. So that they can be used for vaccine design strategies.
Forecasting the land use change of urban coastal area in Banda Aceh and its impact on urban sustainability using LandUseSIM cellular automata simulation model.
Authors: Burhan Issana Meria , Achmad Ashfa , Rizkiya Putra , Hasan Zainuddin
Published: January 2021

The dynamics of urban development, followed by various opportunities and challenges for different social groups, indicate a growing sense of complexity, unpredictability, and insecurity about cities and emphasis a need to identify new sustainability strategies. This paper aims at predicting the land-use change of urban coastal areas in Banda Aceh and its impact on urban sustainability. It used an urban simulation model using Cellular Automata (CA), integrated into a LanduseSIM platform. There were three main steps as part of the research methodology: (1) preparation of current data on land uses (2015), (2) simulation of data using CA in LanduseSIM software, and (3) visualization of data and result. Accordingly, the final simulation of the year 2030 was completed, in two scenarios, as the basis to evaluate the impact of land-use change on urban sustainability in Banda Aceh. The study has revealed that the current development trend in the coastal area of Banda Aceh is consuming natural resources such as wetlands and vegetation, driven particularly by the planning of urban coastal region as a center of tourism and fishery, complemented by the upcoming Banda Aceh Outer-Ring Road project. The study recommends a reconsideration of the city strategies by decision-makers to achieve sustainability and ensure ecological balance.
Utilization of Oyster Shells as a Substitute Part of Cement and Fine Aggregate in the Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Bunyamin Bunyamin , Mukhlis Amir
Published: January 2021

The compressive strength of concrete depends on the physical characteristics of the concrete forming materials. Oyster shells originating from Krueng Neng, Aceh Besar are very abundant, left unattended by fishermen, causing pollution of the surrounding environment. Oyster shell dust contains CaO, which can be used as a partial substitution of cement. Therefore, it is necessary to study oyster shell ash as cement replacement and fine aggregate in concrete production. This research aims to determine the compressive strength of concrete using shell ash as cement replacement and fine aggregate. The oyster shells were obtained from Krueng Neng, Lamjamee Village, Jaya Baru, Aceh Besar District. The oyster shells were crushed with a Los Angeles Test machine and sieved with sieve size 2.36 mm for fine aggregate and sieve #200 for cement replacement. The water-cement ratios (w/c) were 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6. The results showed that concrete's compressive strength with 5% cement replacement level was higher than the concrete with cement only. Meanwhile, for other replacement levels, the compressive strengths of concrete specimens were lower than control specimens.
Femtosecond dual-comb Yb:CaF2 laser from a free-running polarization-multiplexed cavity for rapid optical sampling
Authors: Willenberg B. , Pupeikis J. , Krüger L. M. , Koch F. , Phillips C. R. , Keller U.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate a common-cavity polarization-multiplexed dual-comb Yb:CaF2 oscillator. Each comb delivers 440-mW average power, 175-fs pulses at 137-MHz repetition-rate with stable repetition-rate difference of 1-kHz. We thereby demonstrate low-noise ASOPS on SESAM and VECSEL structures.
Dual-Comb Thin-Disk Laser Based on Polarization Splitting: Concept and Optical Linewidth Analysis
Authors: Modsching Norbert , Drs Jakub , Fischer Julian , Brochard Pierre , Schilt Stéphane , Wittwer Valentin J. , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: January 2021

We present a novel scheme for dual-pulse-train operation in a single thin-disk laser cavity. We report on the first fCEO measurement of such systems, investigate the noise-contributions, and expect sub-3-kHz optical linewidths within 1-millisecond measurement-times.
Cryogenically cooled gallium phosphide for optical rectification at high driving average powers
Authors: Hekmat Negar , Vogel Tim , Wang Yicheng , Mansourzadeh Samira , Omar Alan , Aslani Farhad , Hoffmann Martin , Meyer Frank , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: January 2021

We explore GaP at cryogenic temperatures for optical rectification (OR) at 100 W average excitation power for the first time. Our results indicate this is a promising route for broadband THz radiation using kW-class excitation.
Intra-Oscillator High Harmonic Generation in a ~100-fs Kerr-Lens Mode-Locked Yb:YAG Thin-Disk Laser
Authors: Fischer Julian , Drs Jakub , Labaye François , Modsching Norbert , Wittwer Valentin J. , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: January 2021

We present intra-oscillator HHG in argon with photon energies up to 37 eV and ~2 µW of total generated XUV flux. The 11-MHz laser operates at 400-MW intracavity peak power and 500-W intracavity average power.
Picosecond Optical Parametric Generation in the Red to Near Infrared Band with a MgO:PPLN Crystal Pumped by an Amplified Passively Q-switched Microchip Laser
Authors: Marianovich André , Spiekermann Stefan , Brendel Moritz , Weßels Peter , Neumann Jörg , Weyers Markus , Kracht Dietmar
Published: January 2021

We developed a red to near infrared continuous tunable laser system seeded by a picosecond passively Q-switched microchip laser at 1064 nm. Pulse duration below 150 ps and pulse energy > 700 nJ with kHz repetition rate were achieved.
Transverse Mode Instability in passive fiber induced by Stimulated Raman Scattering
Authors: Distler Victor , Möller Friedrich , Strecker Maximilian , Walbaum Till , Schreiber Thomas , Tünnermann Andreas
Published: January 2021

We observed SRS-induced transverse mode instabilities in passive fiber. This was achieved by using a high-power Ytterbium-doped fiber laser as pump for a Raman amplifier whose stability was measured at various fiber positions.
High-energy Pulse Generation at 1.76 μm from All-fiber Laser Configuration using Normal Dispersion Thulium-doped Fiber
Authors: Chen Shaoxiang , Chen Yuhao , Kunliu  , Sidharthan Raghuraman , Li Huizi , Chang Chen Jian , Wang Qi Jie , Tang Dingyuan , Yoo Seongwoo
Published: January 2021

A W-type normal dispersion thulium-doped fiber exhibiting distributed short-pass filtering effect was exploited to generate high-energy pulses at 1.76µm. With a dispersion-managed soliton as oscillator, we demonstrated an all-fiber laser with energy of ~158.2 nJ.
Amplitude-noise suppressing mechanism in fiber lasers mode-locked with nonlinear amplifying loop mirror
Authors: Edelmann Marvin , Hua Yi , Şafak Kemal , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: January 2021

We experimentally confirm, that the ultra-low noise characteristics of fiber lasers mode-locked with nonlinear amplifying loop mirror are related to an inherent amplitude-noise suppressing mechanism with its origin in the sinusoidal cavity transmission function.
Flexible Figure-9 Yb:Fiber Laser: Operation Regimes and Noise Performance
Authors: Fellinger Jakob , Mayer Aline S. , Grosinger Wilfrid , Winkler Georg , Perner Lukas W. , Droste Stefan , Salman Sarper H. , Li Chen , Heyl Christoph M. , Hartl Ingmar , Heckl Oliver H.
Published: January 2021

We present a flexible figure-9 Yb: fiber-laser and investigate the impact of intra-cavity group delay dispersion on amplitude/phase noise. We show that the free-running carrier-envelope-offset frequency short-term linewidth can range from several MHz to <10 kHz.
Record high power single-mode erbium-ytterbium fiber amplifier with a near quantum-limited optical efficiency
Authors: Matniyaz Turghun , Kong Fanting , Kalichevsky-Dong Monica T. , Dong Liang
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate a double-cladding Er/Yb fiber MOPA counter-pumped by 915nm pump diode, which produces a record high output of 302W diffraction-limited power at 1562nm with an optical efficiency of 56% and average M2 ~1.04.
Watt-level visible laser emission in a double-clad praseodymium-doped fluoride fiber
Authors: Lord Marie-Pier , Maes Frédéric , Fortin Vincent , Bernier Martin , Vallée Réal
Published: January 2021

We report the demonstration of a watt-level single-mode praseodymium-doped fluoride fiber laser emitting at 635 nm. The fiber laser is pumped by a high-power multimode GaN laser diode.
New InGaN Diode-Pumped Solid-State Laser Materials
Authors: Kränkel C. , Castellano-Hernández E. , Kalusniak S. , Tanaka H.
Published: January 2021

Recent developments in the field of blue emitting InGaN-based laser diodes enabled novel diode-pumped solid state lasers with direct emission in the visible based on trivalent praseodymium and terbium as active ions.
Room Temperature 2J Laser Amplifier with Direct Bonded DFC Chip
Authors: Kausas Arvydas , Zhang Rui , Zhou Xiangyu , Honda Yousuke , Yoshida Mitsuhiro , Taira Takunori
Published: January 2021

In this work two multi-crystal stacked chips were made out of bonded Nd3+:YAG and sapphire crystals. By use of two-pass amplification compact setup 2 J at 25 Hz output was obtained. Further optimization of DFC chip is expected to obtain 2 J at 100 Hz repetition rate.
Excited-State Absorption Spectroscopy of Thulium-Doped Fluoride Crystals for Upconversion Pumping
Authors: Guillemot Lauren , Loiko Pavel , Doualan Jean-Louis , Braud Alain , Starecki Florent , Camy Patrice
Published: January 2021

We report on polarized excited-state absorption (ESA) spectroscopy of thulium-doped fluoride crystals (KY3F10, LiYF4, LiLuF4 and BaY2Y8). The 3F4 → 3F2,3 and 3F4→3H4 ESA channels suitable for upconversion pumping of ~2.3 μm thulium lasers were studied.
Spectral and polarization effects in cascaded narrow linewidth diamond Raman lasers
Authors: Granados Eduardo , Echarri Daniel T. , Chrysalidis Katerina , Fedosseev Valentin N. , Leask Vaila A. , Marsh Bruce A. , Wilkins Shane G. , Olaizola Santiago M. , Mildren Richard P. , Spence David J.
Published: January 2021

We study theoretically and experimentally the spectral and polarization effects occurring when cascading stimulated Raman scattering processes in diamond. We demonstrate an efficient, few-GHz linewidth, broadly tunable, multi-Stokes comb for spectroscopic applications.
Experimental Demonstration of Single-mode Topological Valley-Hall Lasing at Telecommunication Wavelength
Authors: Noh Wanwoo , Nasari Hadiseh , Kim Hwi-Min , Le-Van Quynh , Jia Zhetao , Huang Chi-Hsin , Kanté Boubacar
Published: January 2021

We exeperimentally demonstrate a single-mode valley-Hall laser at telecommunication wavelength. The degree of asymmetry in a honeycomb photonic crystal governs light confinement regimes in the valley-Hall cavity and controls systematic single-mode operation despite multiple resonances.
High Energy Cryogenic Yb:YAG and Yb:YLF Chirped Pulse Amplifiers
Authors: Pergament Mikhail , Zapata Luis E. , Demirbas Umit , Liu Yizhou , Kellert Martin , Reuter Simon , Thesinga Jelto , Hua Yi , Cankaya Huseyin , Calendron Anne-Laure , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: January 2021

We present cryogenically cooled, high repetition-rate Yb-based regenerative and multipass amplifiers that provide pulse energies up to 1.2 J and average power up to 600W. Different design approaches depending of the gain crystal material are discussed.
Operation Experiences and Further Developments of the Few-cycle, High Average Power Lasers of ELI-ALPS
Authors: Borzsonyi A. , Cormier E. , Lopez-Martens R. , Kalashnikov M. , Kiss B. , Jojart P. , Csontos J. , Toth Sz. , Khodakovskiy N. , Nagymihaly R.S. , Flender R. , Kurucz M. , Seres I. , Varallyay Z. , Varju K. , Szabo G.
Published: January 2021

We report on the progress of few-cycle lasers of ELI-ALPS user facility, operating at 100W average power level with peak powers and repetition rates ranging from 0.1TW at 100kHz up to PW at 10Hz.
Characterization and Control of 81-beam Diffractive Coherent Combining
Authors: Du Qiang , Wang Dan , Zhou Tong , Li Derun , Wilcox Russell
Published: January 2021

We generate 81 independently controllable beams using a 2-D spatial light modulator and coherently combine them on a diffractive optic, to test a novel stabilization scheme based on pattern recognition of the uncombined beams.
Artificial Neural Networks Applied to Stabilization of 81-beam Coherent Combining
Authors: Wang Dan , Du Qiang , Zhou Tong , Mohammed Bashir , Kiran Mariam , Li Derun , Wilcox Russell
Published: January 2021

An artificial neural network is used to stabilize 2D, diffractive, 81-beam coherent combining. Simulations demonstrate a neural network can predict phase errors based on pattern recognition of the uncombined beams and can correct them in one step.
Gain switched hot-pressed Fe:ZnSe ceramic laser
Authors: Karki Krishna , Yu Shengquan , Fedorov Vladimir , Wu Yiquan , Mirov Sergey
Published: January 2021

We report the first room temperature gain switched hot-pressed Fe:ZnSe ceramic laser pumped by radiation of 2.94 μm mechanically Q-switched Er:YAG laser. The maximum output energy was 1.5 mJ (90 ns) with 15% slope efficiency.
Efficient Two-stage Transient Stimulated Raman Chirped Pulse Amplification in KGW with Compression to <160 fs
Authors: Petrulenas Augustinas , Mackonis Paulius , Rodin Aleksej M. , Girdauskas Vytenis
Published: January 2021

Transient stimulated Raman amplification of the IR supercontinuum seed in KGW crystals was studied with 1.2 ps pump pulses. Achieved 54 nm spectral bandwidth of amplified pulses, 45% conversion efficiency and compression to <160 fs.
1178 nm Membrane External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers for Sodium Guide-Star Applications
Authors: Priante D. , Albrecht A.R. , Zhang M. , Nguyen C. , Follman D. , Cole G.D. , Sheik-Bahae M.
Published: January 2021

Membrane-external-cavity surface-emitting Lasers (MECSELs) have demonstrated the potential to mitigate the growth-related complexity and thermal problems in standard VECSELs. We present recent advances in MECSELs operating at 1178 nm targeting applications in sodium guide stars.
Room Temperature, Nanosecond, 60 mJ/pulse Fe:ZnSe Master Oscillator Power Amplifier System Operating over 3.6-5.2 µm
Authors: Martyshkin Dmitry , Karki Krishna , Fedorov Vladimir , Mirov Sergey
Published: January 2021

We report on room temperature Fe:ZnSe MOPA system tunable over 3.6-5.2 µm pumped by radiation of Q-switched 2.94 µm Er:YAG laser. The maximum output energy was measured to be 60mJ under 200mJ of pump energy.
4-channel Coherently Combined Long-term-stable Ultrafast Thulium-doped Fiber CPA
Authors: Gaida Christian , Stutzki Fabian , Gebhardt Martin , Heuermann Tobias , Breitkopf Sven , Eidam Tino , Rothhardt Jan , Limpert Jens
Published: January 2021

We present the first coherently combined, thulium-doped fiber CPA delivering >100 W average-power and simultaneously >1 GW of peak-power. Incorporating four amplifier channels the laser delivers pulses with >228 µJ energy and <120 fs duration at 1940 nm center wavelength. Excellent long-term stability is achieved with an average power fluctuation of <0.5% RMS over >48 hours – ideal prerequisites for next-generation industrial and scientific applications.
Low-noise mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a silicon-based chip
Authors: Sinobad Milan , Torre Alberto Della , Armand Remi , Luther-Davies Barry , Ma Pan , Madden Stephen , Mitchell Arnan , Moss David J. , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Fedeli Jean-Marc , Monat Christelle , Grillet Christian
Published: January 2021

We report the first mid-infrared octave-spanning supercontinuum in an all-normal dispersion silicon-based chip. We generated coherent supercontinuum from 2.8 to 5.7 µm in a silicon-germanium waveguide pumped at 4 μm with 200 fs pulses.
Development of High-Brightness Mid-IR Fiber Sources
Authors: Fortin Vincent , Aydin Yigit Ozan , Jobin Frédéric , Paradis Pascal , Maes Frédéric , Boilard Tommy , Pleau Louis-Philippe , Bernier Martin , Vallée Réal
Published: January 2021

We review the recent advances in fluoride fiber lasers operating around 2.8 µm and at longer wavelengths, in both CW and pulsed regimes.
195-W Continuous Wave Laser Emission at 2.09 µm from a Tm3+,Ho3+-Codoped Single-Oscillator Monolithic Fiber Laser
Authors: Louot Christophe , Motard Arnaud , Robin Thierry , Cadier Benoit , Manek-Hönninger Inka , Hildenbrand-Dhollande Anne , Dalloz Nicolas
Published: January 2021

We report on a high efficiency (45%) single-oscillator monolithic Tm3+, Ho3+-codoped fiber laser emitting 195 W at 2.09 µm in CW mode of operation, with a beam quality near the diffraction limit (M2 = 1.08).
Metrology of Airborne Molecular Contaminants: Towards Trace HCl Measurement using Multipass-Assisted multiplexed dTDLAS/WMS
Authors: Benoy Thomas , Qu Zhechao , Werhahn Olav , Ebert Volker
Published: January 2021

An optical gas standard (OGS) based on time-multiplexed direct tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and wavelength modulation spectroscopy is presented. Using CO2 as surrogate gas a HCl detection-limit of 380 pptv is confirmed for the HCl 1-0 P5 line.
High Repetition Rate High Harmonic Generation with Ultra-high Photon Flux
Authors: Tschernajew Maxim , Hädrich Steffen , Klas Robert , Gebhardt Martin , Horsten Roland , Weerdenburg Sven , Pyatchenkov Sergey , Coene Wim , Rothhardt Jan , Eidam Tino , Limpert Jens
Published: January 2021

A 100W fiber laser system is used to drive a high repetition rate HHG beamline producing record-high photon flux of >1011 photons/s at 69-75eV and >1010 photons/s for harmonics between 115eV and 140eV.
Tunable source of infrared pulses in gas-filled hollow core capillary
Authors: Zurita-Miranda Olivia , Fourcade-Dutin Coralie , Béjot Pierre , Fauquet Frederic , Guillet Jean-Paul , Darracq Frederic , Mounaix Patrick , Maillotte Hervé , Bigourd Damien
Published: January 2021

We report a tunable source that generates pulses in the infrared from an optical parametric amplification in a gas-filled hollow core capillary based on four-wave mixing process, in which the phase matching strongly depends on the gas pressure and the pump. In our case, we have generated pulses from 1 to 1.6 m in the sub-µJ level together with a parametric amplification in the visible.
Laser linewidth narrowing via self-injection locking to a silicon microresonator in mid-IR
Authors: Shitikov Artem E. , Benderov Oleg V. , Lobanov Valery E. , Kondratiev Nikita M. , Bilenko Igor A.
Published: January 2021

We observed a DFB laser diode self-injection locking to a whispering gallery mode microresonator made of crystalline silicon in mid-IR. Original technique based on the self-injection locking fundamentals was developed for characterization of the effect.
Influence of chirp and polarization on the third harmonic and supercontinuum generation dynamics during fs filamentation in air
Authors: Nalam Samuel Anurag , Harsha S. Sree , Kiran P. Prem
Published: January 2021

The codependence of third harmonic and supercontinuum generation during fs filamentation is demonstrated while varying the chirp and polarization of the input pulse. Phase matching for Third Harmonic generation is observed to influence the supercontinuum generation.
Directly pump controlled QCW fiber laser
Authors: Agrež Vid , Gosar Katja , Petkovšek Rok
Published: January 2021

A QCW fiber laser is presented that can produce arbitrary pulses using only the pump modulation with bandwidth of over 1 MHz. The influence of the pump rise-time and biased pumping is investigated.
Kilowatt-class, High Duty Cycle, Passively Side-cooled 780 nm Diode Laser Stacks as Pumps for Pulsed MIR Lasers
Authors: Hübner M. , Wilkens M. , Eppich B. , Maaßdorf A. , Martin D. , Ginolas A. , Basler P. S. , Crump P.
Published: January 2021

A 780nm diode laser pump source is presented that uses passive side-cooling to enable Kilowatt-class output at >10% duty cycle (10ms, 10Hz). Beam quality is M
2
<360 (BPP<90mm-mrad) and initial reliability test extrapolates over GShot-class lifetime.
High average and peak power laser amplifiers based on Yb:YAG thin rods and thin tapered rods
Authors: Kuznetsov Ivan , Chizhov Sergey , Palashov Oleg
Published: January 2021

Thin-rod and thin-tapered-rod Yb:YAG amplifiers were investigated and compared at high-average-power and high-peak-power operation. Higher amplification efficiency and pulse energy scalability in the tapered-rod geometry were demonstrated.