bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Biological Activity of Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: A Phase II Trial of the Big Ten Cancer Research Consortium
Authors: Barber Emma L. , Chen Siqi , Pineda Mario Javier , Robertson Sharon E. , Hill Emily K. , Teoh Deanna , Schilder Jeanne , O'Shea Kaitlyn L. , Kocherginsky Masha , Zhang Bin , Matei Daniela
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in combination with standard carboplatin/paclitaxel in patients with advanced endometrial cancer.

Patients and Methods:

This single-arm, open-label, multicenter phase II study enrolled patients with RECIST measurable advanced endometrial cancer. Patients could have received ≤ 1 prior platinum-based regimen and ≤ one non-platinum chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Planned sample size of 46 subjects provided 80% power to detect 15% ORR improvement compared with historical control rate of 50%.

Results:

A total of 46 patients were enrolled and 43 were evaluable for ORR. Median age was 66 (range: 43–86). Thirty-four (73.9%) patients had recurrent and 12 (26.1%) primary metastatic endometrial cancer. Patients received carboplatin AUC6, paclitaxel 175 mg/m2, and pembrolizumab 200 mg i.v. every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. ORR was 74.4% (32/43), higher than historic controls (P = 0.001). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.6 months (95% confidence interval, 8.3–13.9 months). The most common grade 1–2 treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) included anemia (56.5%), alopecia (47.8%), fatigue (47.8%), and neuropathy (13%), while the most common grade 3–4 TRAEs were lymphopenia, leukopenia, and anemia (19.6% each). High-dimensional spectral flow cytometry (CyTEK) identified enrichment in peripheral CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell populations at baseline in responders. The CD8+ T-cell compartment in responders exhibited greater expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 and higher abundance of effector memory CD8+ cells compared with nonresponders.

Conclusions:

Addition of pembrolizumab to carboplatin and paclitaxel for advanced endometrial cancer was tolerated and improved ORR compared with historical outcomes.

Significance:

The results of the study support that the combination of pembrolizumab with carboplatin and paclitaxel is well tolerated and active in patients with advanced endometrial cancer. The duration of response and the PFS were significantly longer in patients with mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite instability-high compared with mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable tumors. Responders to treatment tend to have enriched CD8+ T-cell and CD4+ T-cell populations among peripheral blood mononuclear cells at baseline.
Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Incision and Drainage in the Treatment of Mediastinal Abscess
Authors: Huang Zan-Sheng , Xiang Qing , Wu Xian-Li , Zhang An-Mei , Liu Shuang-Lin , Wang Jing , Herth Felix J.F. , Fan Ye
Published: August 2022

Mediastinal abscess, mostly resulting from esophageal perforation or cardiothoracic surgery, is a serious condition carrying high morbidity and mortality. Antibiotic therapy alone normally did not achieve a satisfactory outcome, due to poor circulation of abscess that hampers drug delivery. Surgical intervention for debridement and drainage is recommended, but it poses a high risk in patients with poor health status and could lead to various complications. Recent studies proposed endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) as an effective alternative to surgery; however, repeated TBNA procedures are usually needed for complete clearance of the lesion, thus causing increased patient suffering and medical expenses. Here, we present the first case of successful application of EBUS-guided transbronchial incision and drainage, which provides a novel, safe, and effective treatment for patient with mediastinal abscess unwilling or unsuitable to undergo surgical intervention.
Surgical Lung Biopsy for Interstitial Lung Disease: A Two Center Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Grott Matthias , Wimmer Cosmas D. , Kreuter Michael , Prasse Antje , Eichhorn Martin E. , Eichhorn Florian , Herth Felix J.F. , Seeliger Benjamin , Kriegsmann Katharina , Schmidt Werner , Koenigsfeld Katharina , Zardo Patrick , Winter Hauke
Published: August 2022

Background: Surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is recommended for patients with nonclassified interstitial lung disease (nILD) if high resolution computed tomography and/or transbronchial lung biopsy did not achieve a definitive diagnosis. Current literature suggests better patient tolerability and less postoperative complications if surgery is performed under spontaneous ventilation. Objectives: We conducted a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis of our nILD patients undergoing SLB under spontaneous ventilation or general anesthesia to investigate postprocedural AE-ILD, 30-/90-day mortality and perioperative variables in two academic high-volume centers (Hannover, Heidelberg). Methods: All patients undergoing SLB for nILD under general anesthesia (GAVATS) and spontaneous ventilation (NIVATS) at both centers from February 2013 until April 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Data of 132 patients were used for PSM resulting in 40 pairs. Results: There was one death in the NIVATS group 60 days after SLB and one AE-ILD in each cohort. Chest tube indwelling time, chest tube total effusion, length of hospital stay, and operative time were all in favor of NIVATS. Conclusions: In our PSM analysis, NIVATS is associated with faster postprocedural recovery. However, a reduction in postoperative AE-ILD or 30-/90-day mortality was not observed.
Exercise in Dialysis: Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Morgan Ashley M. , King Alexis C. , Viana Joao , Wilund Kenneth R.
Published: August 2022

It is widely acknowledged that patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) may benefit from increasing their physical activity levels. Decades of exercise-related clinical trials have demonstrated improvements in various metrics related to dialysis patient’s health and quality of life. Yet, the implementation of exercise programs in dialysis clinics today is scarce, and physical inactivity and dysfunction remain a hallmark of the disease. To address this issue, many groups worldwide are beginning to rethink how physical activity and exercise are prescribed in HD patients, as well as how to evaluate the efficacy of these programs. The vast majority of exercise interventions in HD patients have included intradialytic cycling as the predominant or only exercise prescription. Moreover, efficacy has most often been evaluated using standard measures of strength, physical function, and/or traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors (e.g., blood pressure, lipids, etc.). More recently, there has been a greater emphasis on novel intervention approaches that are focused on providing patients with a greater variety of options for exercise and enhanced motivational tools. The benefits of exercise on patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and other clinically important outcomes are also becoming more prevalent. The purpose of this review was to: (1) critically review the data from several recently published large randomized clinical trials of exercise in HD patients, (2) discuss some of the novel approaches that groups across the world are taking to improve implementation and efficacy of exercise-related interventions in HD, and (3) discuss policy prescriptions that may be needed to continue improving exercise prescriptions for this critically ill patient population. While it may be too early to declare that exercise in dialysis is ready for prime time, exciting advances have been made in recent years, yet more work is needed to realize its full potential.
Comparison of the Patients with Chronic Urticaria Who Responded and Did Not Respond to Omalizumab Treatment: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Cakmak Mehmet Erdem
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a condition usually lasting longer than 6 weeks, with wheals and angioedema, sometimes both. Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG antibody developed against IgE. In some patients with CU, treatment response to omalizumab is good, but in some patients, it is poor. We aimed to compare the clinical features and laboratory parameters of the patients who responded and did not respond to omalizumab treatment among patients diagnosed with CU. Methods: Patients treated with omalizumab for the diagnosis of CU were evaluated retrospectively. Treatment response to omaliz­umab was evaluated by urticaria control test (UCT) (responder to omalizumab: UCT score ≥12 at 6 months and an increase of ≥3 compared to baseline). The clinical features and laboratory parameters of the patients who responded and did not respond to treatment were compared. Results: The mean age of the 220 patients, 66 (30%) men and 154 (70%) women, who received 300 mg of sc omalizumab every 4 weeks for CU was 38.89 ± 12.76 years. One hundred eighty-nine (85.9%) patients had good response to omalizumab treatment at the end of 6 months. Atopy (n = 73 [38.6%], p = 0.026), eosinophil count (median = 190 [0–800] [cells/µL], p < 0.001), basophil count (median = 40 [0–100] [cells/µL], p = 0.021), and total IgE (median = 240.5 [45–2,644] [kU/L], p < 0.001) level were significantly higher in the omalizumab responder patients (UCT score ≥12 at 6 months and an increase of ≥3 compared to baseline). Psychiatric disorders (n = 13 [41.9%], p = 0.008) and anti-TG (n = 11 [35.5%] [>2 IU/mL positive], p = 0.024) were significantly higher in the oma­lizumab nonresponder patients (UCT score ≤11 at 6 months). A weak but significant clinical correlation was found between blood eosinophil count (r = 0.168, p = 0.013), blood lymphocyte count (r = −0.149, p = 0.027), total IgE level (r = 0.207, p = 0.002), and increase in UCT score. As a result of the ROC curve analysis, the blood eosinophil count (AUC: 0.763, p < 0.001), total IgE level (AUC: 0.866, p < 0.001), and blood basophil count (AUC: 0.662, p = 0.004) had diagnostic value in predicting the response to omalizumab treatment in patients with CU. Conclusion: The patients with CU who were atopic with high eosinophils, high basophils, and high total IgE levels had good response to omalizumab treatment, but the patients with concomitant psychiatric disease and positive thyroid autoantibodies had poor response to omalizu­mab treatment. These findings obtained in our study should be tested in randomized controlled studies.
Noncommunicable Diseases and Hospital Utilization in Kuwait: A Generalizable Approach Using the World Health Survey
Authors: Alibrahim Abdullah , AlAjeel Abdullah
Published: August 2022

Background: Kuwait and countries in the Arabian Gulf region face an alarming prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) that strain their health systems and threaten their economies. To quantify a key dimension of the burden, we estimated the risk of hospital utilization in Kuwait associated with diagnoses of the most prevalent NCDs, excluding cancer, using a generalizable approach suitable for cross-country disease burden comparisons and assessments of prevention effectiveness. Methods: The study analyzed responses from a nationally representative sample of 2,165 individuals with self-reported hospital admissions over 12 months and NCD diagnoses from the World Health Survey in Kuwait in 2010. Hospital utilization rates were examined for individuals diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic lung condition, heart disease, and stroke rates and adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Count regressions were used to estimate the association between individual NCDs while adjusting for other covariates. Results: Using negative binomial regressions, we found that hypertension, the most common NCD in Kuwait, was associated with 75% higher hospital utilization. In addition, heart disease was associated with a 495% increase in hospital utilization rates after adjusting for potential confounders. Many other demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral characteristics confounded the sizable increase in the risk of hospital admissions associated with NCDs. Conclusions: We estimated the substantial burden on curative services associated with NCDs in Kuwait through a standardized approach to compare hospital utilization rates associated with various NCDs; this approach is generalizable to more than 70 countries that participated in the World Health Survey.
Adriana Menezes - A responsabilidade do Jornalismo Ambiental como agente transformador na cobertura sobre meio ambiente
Authors: Couto Andreia Terzariol
Published: August 2022

A cobertura ambiental brasileira, de forma geral, tem sido marcada por uma falta de aprofundamento e contextualização sobre os fenômenos que abrangem as grandes questões dessa editoria na atualidade, tais como: agressivo  desmatamento e grilagem de terras nos principais biomas brasileiros, a saber, floresta amazônica e Pantanal; avanço da fronteira agrícola em direção a esses espaços geográficos de forma descontrolada, ocupando-os sob a forma de monocultura da soja e pastagens; aquecimento global e mudanças climáticas, em decorrência do aniquilamento dos sistemas de vegetação nativa; cobertura sensacionalista de fenômenos climáticos; contaminação dos recursos hídricos, até mesmo dos grandes sistemas Aquífero Guarani e Sistema Amazônico; falta de formação específica dos profissionais que cobrem a pauta de meio ambiente, com a consequente cobertura não aprofundada dos fatos, entre outros fatores. Para analisar o contexto da cobertura ambiental, entrevistamos a jornalista Adriana Menezes, que toma como exemplo o desastre ambiental ocorrido em Mariana, Minas Gerais, em novembro de 2015.
Um Fato, muitas perspectivas: a postagem sobre a internação do Presidente Jair Bolsonaro nos jornais Folha de São Paulo e The New York Times
Authors: Fernandes Carla Montuori , Oliveira Luiz Ademir de , Quadros Ana Resende Quadros
Published: August 2022

Com a chegada da internet e, principalmente, das redes sociais, a importância da imprensa foi ameaçada. Afinal, ela não é mais a única com a capacidade de fazer circular informações em grande escala. Contudo, isso não fez com que a imprensa deixasse de prestar um papel na circulação das informações. Tendo isto em vista, este artigo pretende responder à pergunta: de que forma a imprensa circula mensagens repassadas em redes sociais digitais? Para tanto será feita uma análise de conteúdo aos moldes de Bardin (2011) das abordagens do jornal Folha de São Paulo e The New York Times sobre a postagem de Jair Bolsonaro sobre sua internação hospitalar na rede social Instagram, em 14 de junho de 2021.
Prenatal Lipopolysaccharides Exposure Induces Transgenerational Inheritance of Hypertension
Authors: Cao Nian , Lan Cong , Chen Caiyu , Xu Zaicheng , Luo Hao , Zheng Shuo , Gong Xue , Ren Hongmei , Li Zhuxin , Qu Shuang , Yu Cheng , Yang Jining , Jose Pedro A. , Chen Yundai , Wu Gengze , Hu Cuimei , Yu Junyi , Zeng Chunyu
Published: August 2022

Background:

Adverse environmental exposure during the prenatal period can lead to diseases in the offspring, including hypertension. Whether or not the hypertensive phenotype can be transgenerationally transmitted is not known.

Methods:

Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gestation days 6, 8, 10, and 12 to generate the prenatal LPS exposure model. Blood pressure was monitored by both telemetry and tail-cuff method. RNA sequencing was performed to analyze transcriptome alteration in the kidney of the third generation. Tempol and spironolactone were used to test the potential preventative and therapeutic effect of targeting reactive oxygen species and mineralocorticoid receptor signaling, respectively. Molecular biological experiments were performed to illustrate the mechanism of epigenetic and transcription regulation.

Results:

Prenatal LPS exposure can impair the ability to excrete a salt load and induce hypertension from the first to the third generations, with the fourth and fifth generations, inducing salt-sensitive hypertension. Compared with control pups, the transcriptome in the kidney of the hypertensive third-generation prenatal LPS–exposed offspring have upregulation of the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (
Rac1
) gene and activation of mineralocorticoid receptor signaling. Furthermore, we found that LPS exposure during pregnancy triggered oxidative stress that upregulated KDM3B (histone lysine demethylase 3B) in the oocytes of first-generation female rats, leading to an inheritable low level of H3K9me2 (histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation), resulting in the transgenerational upregulation of
Rac1
. Based on these findings, we treated the LPS-exposed pregnant rats with the reactive oxygen species scavenger, tempol, which successfully prevented hypertension in the first-generation offspring and the transgenerational inheritance of hypertension.

Conclusions:

These findings show that adverse prenatal exposure induces transgenerational hypertension through an epigenetic-regulated mechanism and identify potentially preventive and therapeutic strategies for hypertension.
Integrating Region- and Network-level Contributions to Episodic Recollection Using Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Kurkela Kyle A. , Cooper Rose A. , Ryu Ehri , Ritchey Maureen
Published: August 2022

The brain is composed of networks of interacting brain regions that support higher-order cognition. Among these, a core network of regions has been associated with recollection and other forms of episodic construction. Past research has focused largely on the roles of individual brain regions in recollection or on their mutual engagement as part of an integrated network. However, the relationship between these region- and network-level contributions remains poorly understood. Here, we applied multilevel structural equation modeling to examine the functional organization of the posterior medial (PM) network and its relationship to episodic memory outcomes. We evaluated two aspects of functional heterogeneity in the PM network: first, the organization of individual regions into subnetworks, and second, the presence of regionally specific contributions while accounting for network-level effects. Our results suggest that the PM network is composed of ventral and dorsal subnetworks, with the ventral subnetwork making a unique contribution to recollection, especially to recollection of spatial information, and that memory-related activity in individual regions is well accounted for by these network-level effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering the functions of individual brain regions within the context of their affiliated networks.
Temporal Organization of Episodic and Experience-near Semantic Autobiographical Memories: Neural Correlates and Context-dependent Connectivity
Authors: Teghil Alice , Bonavita Alessia , Procida Federica , Giove Federico , Boccia Maddalena
Published: August 2022

Autobiographical memory includes a representation of personal life events with a unique spatiotemporal context (episodic autobiographical memory) and factual self-knowledge (personal semantics). Whereas “experience-far” personal semantics have undergone complete abstraction, “experience-near” personal semantics are still linked to a spatiotemporal context. The representation of one's own past involves an autobiographical knowledge base, in the form of a personal timeline, along which autobiographical information is temporally organized into different lifetime periods. Commonalities and differences between brain networks supporting this temporal organization for autobiographical information with different contextual specificity, however, have not been investigated to date. Here, we used task-based fMRI to assess neural substrates of temporal ordering along the personal timeline for real autobiographical episodic and experience-near personal semantic memories. Within a distributed network, the left calcarine cortex was more strongly activated for episodic autobiographical memory than personal semantics, whereas the left ventromedial pFC and right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), angular gyrus (AG), and anterior middle temporal gyrus (aMTG) showed stronger activation for personal semantics than episodic autobiographical memory. Findings were confirmed by analyses in independently derived ROIs. Generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses between the same regions showed that, during personal semantics compared with episodic autobiographical memory, memory category modulated activity in the left PCC and right PCC, AG, and aMTG. Findings provide insights on how personal events and facts are represented in the timescale of years, suggesting that the temporal organization of autobiographical memory exploits properties of situation models developed within posteromedial, lateral parietal, and medial prefrontal regions.
Pentecostalized and Pillarized. Neo-Dhimmitude and the Religious Market in Kuwait
Authors: Crace Benjamin
Published: August 2022

This article uses a qualified religious market model to first describe and then analyze the context and shifts of significant Christian populations in Kuwait. It argues that due to neo-dhimmitude, the religious market is pillarized and maintains that the shift towards pentecostalized Christianity indicates a rise in demand for embodied spirituality and religious narratives that justify the sacrifices and burdens of transnational migration. It concludes that pentecostalized Christianity is a significant element within the pillarized religious market of Kuwait while demonstrating how the religious market model may be adapted for non-Western contexts.
Nederlandsch Zendingsvereeniging’s Efforts to Improve the Position of Women in the Society of West Java
Authors: Sukamto Amos
Published: August 2022

In this article, I argue that Nederlandsch Zendingsvereeniging (NZV) missionaries played an important role in improving the position of women in the society of West Java. Although their main motivation was the spreading of Christianity, they were fully aware of perspectives on the inferior status of women and were concerned to improve the latter’s position. The missionaries aimed to regulate marriage and address the problem of concubinage, establish schools for women, accept women as part of the staff in their offices, provide space for women to vote for and become church councillors, and even dared to allow women to be ministers in at least one congregation when this had been a proscribed subject. But their efforts seemed so exclusively confined to Christian circles, that their influence did not go beyond to the wider community.
Endangered populations of Messor arenarius ants in the Northern Coastal Plain of Israel
Authors: Warburg Ittai
Published: August 2022

Messor arenarius (Fabricius) is a harvester ant species, which is mainly distributed in deserts of the Middle East and North Africa. Ants of this species dig their nests in loess or sandy soils. In Israel, this ants’ species is distributed in the Negev Desert and in sandy soils along the Mediterranean Coastal Plain. In this work, 12 sites of natural habitats in the Northern Coastal Plain of Israel were surveyed for surface activity of M. arenarius ants. These ants were found in 3 out of these 12 natural habitats. Two of these sites where M. arenarius ants were found were subjected to disturbance, caused by development works during the period of this survey. It is concluded, that the populations of M. arenarius in the Northern Mediterranean Coastal Plain of Israel are endangered. It is also concluded, that the presence of either Artemisia monosperma or Retama raetam bushes in certain habitats in the Northern Coastal Plain of Israel, are not necessary or sufficient conditions for presence of M. arenarius in these same habitats.
The Linz Zoocode project. Third report of activities (2020).
Nomenclatural availability. 2. Work availability
Authors: DUBOIS ALAIN , ANEESH PANAKKOOL THAMBAN , BAUER AARON M. , CERÍACO LUIS M. P. , DANIEL GIMO M. , FRÉTEY THIERRY , LÖBL IVAN , LORVELEC OLIVIER , MARINOV MILEN , OHLER ANNEMARIE , SCHMITT MICHAEL , WHITTINGTON ANDREW , AESCHT ERNA
Published: August 2022

This third report of activities of the Linz Zoocode Committee provides comments and proposals regarding the concepts, terminology and Rules used to establish the nomenclatural availability of publications, whatever their support and mode of distribution (on paper, on discs or electronic).
The Linz Zoocode project. Fifth report of activities (2022).
Nomenclatural availability. 4. Electronic publication
Authors: DUBOIS ALAIN , ANEESH PANAKKOOL THAMBAN , BAUER AARON M. , CERÍACO LUIS M. P. , DANIEL GIMO M. , DE PRINS JURATE , FRÉTEY THIERRY , LÖBL IVAN , LORVELEC OLIVIER , MARINOV MILEN , OHLER ANNEMARIE , SCHMITT MICHAEL , WHITTINGTON ANDREW , YOUNG MARK T. , AESCHT ERNA
Published: August 2022

This fifth report of activities of the Linz Zoocode Committee is devoted to a detailed survey of the problems raised by the current Rules of the Code, published in 2012, regarding the nomenclatural availability of works published online and registered on the database Zoobank. It points to various deficiencies in these Rules and in the conception and functioning of Zoobank, which result in uncertainties regarding the availability of these works and of their various versions. It proposes new wordings for these Rules, as well as for the terminology used regarding electronic publications.
Paecilomyces clematidis (Eurotiales, Thermoascaceae): a new species from Clematis root
Authors: SPETIK MILAN , BERRAF-TEBBAL AKILA , GRAMAJE DAVID , EDDINE MAHAMEDI ALLA , STUSKOVÁ KATERINA , BURGOVA JANA , EICHMEIER ALES
Published: August 2022

During a survey of endophytic fungi associated with ornamental plants in the Czech Republic, Paecilomyces-like strains were isolated from the root of Clematis. Analyses based on a combined internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), beta-tubulin (tub2) and calmodulin (CaM) sequence data matrix were applied to infer the phylogenetic position of these isolates. The novel species is characterized by phialides with a cylindrical basal portion tapering to a thin long neck producing pyriform conidia in chains. The new species is introduced with comprehensive descriptions, illustrations and a phylogenetic tree herein. Two primer pairs targeting the partial CaM gene, cm1F/cm1R and cm2F/cm2R, were designed in this study.
On some interesting Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae and Acrididae from tropical Africa
Authors: MASSA BRUNO
Published: August 2022

The author reports the results of the study of specimens of Orthoptera collected in Côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone and Kenya; two new species are described: Eulioptera bartolozzii n. sp. from Kenya, and Mangomaloba excavata n. sp. from Sierra Leone. Mangomaloba latipennis Chopard, 1954 from Guinea is synonymized with Morgenia rubricornis Sjöstedt, 1913 from Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Gabon and Côte d’Ivoire. Further, new distributional data of other five species are reported.
New taxonomic considerations in Zodariellum Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968 (Araneae: Zodariidae), with notes on the presence of cymbial diverticulum in different zodariid genera
Authors: ZAMANI ALIREZA , MARUSIK YURI M.
Published: August 2022

New taxonomic considerations in the zodariid spider genus Zodariellum Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968 are proposed. On the basis of male specimens collected in Turkmenistan, Z. turanicum sp. n. and Z. turkmenicum sp. n. are described as new to science. Six species, namely Z. hunanense (Yin, 2012) comb. n., Z. planum (Zhang & Zhang, 2019) comb. n., Z. spasskyi (Charitonov, 1946) comb. n., Z. tadzhikum (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968) comb. n., Z. testaceofasciatum (Spassky, 1941) comb. n. and Z. zebra (Charitonov, 1946) comb. n., are newly transferred from Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 to Zodariellum. Two new synonymies are proposed: Zodarion apertum Zhang & Zhang, 2019 syn. n. is synonymized with Zodariellum mongolicum Marusik & Koponen, 2001, and Zodarion martynovae Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968 syn. n. is synonymized with Z. continentale (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1968). Additionally, illustrations are provided for three poorly known Central Asian species, namely Z. asiaticum (Tyshchenko, 1970), Z. bactrianum (Kroneberg, 1875) and Z. nenilini (Eskov, 1995). A deep and conical diverticulum of unknown function, located on the retrodorsal side of the cymbium is documented in Zodariellum for the first time; the presence of similar structures in different zodariid genera is discussed.
Nipple Adenoma: A Benign Disease With a Suspicious Presentation
Authors: Rodriguez Paula Porras , Crabtree Matthew , Venegas Rose , Ozao-Choy Junko , Dauphine Christine
Published: August 2022

Nipple adenoma is a rare proliferative lesion that originates from the lactiferous ducts of the nipple. Though it is benign, the typical presentation includes suspicious symptoms—a firm nodule, crusting erosion, and/or discharge from the nipple. These findings can raise concern for malignancy and in particular, Paget’s disease. We report two cases of this uncommon entity, highlighting the variable clinical presentation and keys to the diagnostic evaluation and management.
The Effects of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Other Psychiatric Comorbidities to Outcomes in Trauma Patients
Authors: Zwemer Catherine H. , Day Margot E. , Zebley James A. , Qaddumi Waleed N. , Li Meng-Hao , Yu Yang , Koizumi Naoru , Kartiko Susan
Published: August 2022

Background

Psychiatric illnesses affect outcomes in trauma. Studies have examined the relationship between depression, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other mental disorders with trauma, yet few have examined attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder has been suggested to increase the risk of injury, but severity and outcomes of the injury are not frequently studied. The relationship of additional psychiatric disorders in patients with ADHD to traumatic injury was also examined in this study.

Methods

A 5-year retrospective analysis was performed using the trauma registry of an urban ACS verified level 1 trauma center. Patients with ADHD were separated into ADHD Only and ADHD+ (having additional psychiatric comorbidities) and compared to a matched population of non-ADHD patients and patients with non-ADHD psychiatric disorders to analyze their demographics and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data as appropriate.

Results

Seventy-three patients with ADHD were identified, with over half having additional psychiatric comorbidities (58.9%). The majority of ADHD patients were White (54.8%) vs Black (61.6%) at admission. At admission non-ADHD patients had significantly fewer psychiatric comorbidities (11%) compared to ADHD patients (58.9%). ADHD with psychiatric comorbidities patients had significantly higher ISS and longer hospital LOS. However, GCS and ICU LOS were not different between the two groups.

Conclusions

Patients with ADHD were significantly more likely to have psychiatric comorbidities and experience worse outcomes compared to patients without ADHD.
Rapid initiation of nasal saline irrigation to reduce severity in high-risk COVID+ outpatients
Authors: Baxter Amy L , Schwartz Kyle R , Johnson Ryan W , Kuchinski Ann-Marie , Swartout Kevin M , Srinivasa Rao Arni S R , Gibson Robert W , Cherian Erica , Giller Taylor , Boomer Houlton , Lyon Matthew , Schwartz Richard
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine whether initiating saline nasal irrigation after COVID-19 diagnosis reduces hospitalization and death in high-risk outpatients compared with observational controls, and if irrigant composition impacts severity.

Methods

Participants 55 and older were enrolled within 24 hours of a + PCR COVID-19 test between September 24 and December 21, 2020. Among 826 screened, 79 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to add 2.5 mL povidone-iodine 10% or 2.5 mL sodium bicarbonate to 240 mL of isotonic nasal irrigation twice daily for 14 days. The primary outcome was hospitalization or death from COVID-19 within 28 days of enrollment by daily self-report confirmed with phone calls and hospital records, compared to the CDC Surveillance Dataset covering the same time. Secondary outcomes compared symptom resolution by irrigant additive.

Results

Seventy-nine high-risk participants were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 64 [8] years; 36 [46%] women; 71% Non-Hispanic White), with mean BMI 30.3. Analyzed by intention-to-treat, by day 28, COVID-19 symptoms resulted in one ED visit and no hospitalizations in 42 irrigating with alkalinization, one hospitalization of 37 in the povidone-iodine group, (1.27%) and no deaths. Of nearly three million CDC cases, 9.47% were known to be hospitalized, with an additional 1.5% mortality in those without hospitalization data. Age, sex, and percentage with pre-existing conditions did not significantly differ by exact binomial test from the CDC dataset, while reported race and hospitalization rate did. The total risk of hospitalization or death (11%) was 8.57 times that of enrolled nasal irrigation participants (SE = 2.74; P = .006). Sixty-two participants completed daily surveys (78%), averaging 1.8 irrigations/day. Eleven reported irrigation-related complaints and four discontinued use. Symptom resolution was more likely for those reporting twice daily irrigation ( X2 = 8.728, P = .0031) regardless of additive.

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2+ participants initiating nasal irrigation were over 8 times less likely to be hospitalized than the national rate.
Addressing inequity in palliative care provision for older people living with multimorbidity. Perspectives of community-dwelling older people on their palliative care needs: A scoping review
Authors: Nicholson Caroline Jane , Combes Sarah , Mold Freda , King Helen , Green Richard
Published: August 2022

Background:

Older people living with multimorbidity are projected to become the main recipients of palliative care in the coming decades, yet there is limited evidence regarding their expressed palliative care needs to inform person-centred care.

Aim:

To understand the palliative care needs of community-dwelling people aged ⩾60 living with multimorbidity in the last 2 years of life.

Design:

A scoping review following Arksey and O’Malley.

Data sources:

Three international electronic databases (CINAHL, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO) were searched from March 2018 to December 2021. Reference lists were hand searched. Eligible papers were those reporting empirical data on older people’s needs.

Results:

From 985 potential papers, 28 studies were included, published between 2002 and 2020; sixteen quantitative, nine qualitative and three mixed methods. Data were extracted and presented under the holistic palliative care domains of need: physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and additionally practical needs. Different measurement tools ( n = 29) were used, of which 20 were multidimensional. Primacy in reporting was given to physical needs, most commonly pain and function. Social and practical needs were often prioritised by older people themselves, including maintaining social connections and accessing and receiving individualised care.

Conclusion:

Identifying the palliative care needs that matter most to older people with multimorbidity requires the recognition of their concerns, as well as their symptoms, across a continuum of living and dying. Available evidence is superficial. Supporting end of life provision for this growing and underserved population necessitates a shift to tailored multidimensional tools and community focussed integrated care services.
Self-care behavior and associated factors among patients with heart failure in public hospitals of Southeast Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Almaz , Assefa Tesfaye , Negash Wogene
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study was performed to assess self-care behavior and associated factors among patients with heart failure attending public hospitals in Southeast Ethiopia in 2021.

Methods

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 patients with heart failure from 15 May to 30 June 2021 using a simple random sampling technique. A multivariable binary logistic model was used to identify factors associated with self-care behavior. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.

Results

The magnitude of good self-care behavior among patients with heart failure was 53.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 48.9–58.3]. Factors associated with self-care behavior were treatment with a beta blocker [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27–0.89], treatment with digitalis (AOR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05–0.24), the level of social support (AOR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03–0.15), and the presence of depressive symptoms (AOR, 0.21; 95% CI, 2.70–8.33).

Conclusion

Slightly more than half of the respondents had good self-care behavior. Attention should be given to enhancing good self-care practice through integration of health education as routine care.
Periodic Optimization of Bus Dispatching Times and Vehicle Schedules Considering the COVID-19 Capacity Limits: A Dutch Case Study
Authors: Gkiotsalitis Konstantinos , Liu Tao
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious adverse impacts on public transport service providers. Most public transport lines exhibit reduced ridership levels while, at the same time, some of them may exhibit passenger demand levels beyond the pandemic-imposed capacity limitations. This study models the problem of bus dispatching time optimization within a periodic rolling horizon optimization framework that reacts to travel time and passenger demand variations. This model allows public transport service providers to adjust their bus schedules periodically to avoid in-vehicle crowding beyond the pandemic-imposed capacity limit. The proposed model is a mixed-integer linear program that considers the possible changes to vehicle schedules and tries to minimize the number of vehicles required to perform the service while adhering to the COVID-19 capacity restrictions. Case study results from the implementation of our model on bus Line 2 in the Twente region in the Netherlands are provided demonstrating the potential gains when rescheduling the trip dispatching times and vehicle schedules.
Thermo-torsional postbuckling of CNT-reinforced composite toroidal shell segments with surrounding elastic media and tangentially restrained edges
Authors: Nhu Trang Le Thi , Tung Hoang Van
Published: August 2022

An analytical investigation on the nonlinear stability of toroidal shell segment (TSS) made of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced composite, surrounded by an elastic medium, exposed to elevated temperature and subjected to uniform torsion is presented in this paper. The properties of constituents are assumed to be temperature dependent and effective properties of composite are determined using an extended rule of mixture. CNTs are embedded into matrix phase according to functionally graded or uniform distributions. Basic equations in terms of deflection and stress function are established within the framework of classical shell theory including geometrical nonlinearity in von Kármán–Donnell sense and interactive pressure from surrounding elastic medium. Two boundary edges of the shell are assumed to be simply supported and tangentially restrained. Multi-term analytical solutions are assumed and Galerkin method is used to derive expressions of buckling load and nonlinear relation between torsional load and deflection. Parametric studies are carried out to analyze the effects of material and geometry properties, in-plane boundary condition, elevated temperature and surrounding elastic medium on the buckling resistance and postbuckling behavior of torsionally loaded TSS. Novel finding of this study is that tangential edge constraints have no and negative effects on critical torsional loads at room and elevated temperatures, respectively, and profoundly beneficial influences on postbuckling load capacity of TSSs.
Storage in Visual Working Memory Recruits a Content-Independent Pointer System
Authors: Thyer William , Adam Kirsten C. S. , Diaz Gisella K. , Velázquez Sánchez Itzel N. , Vogel Edward K. , Awh Edward
Published: August 2022

Past work has shown that storage in working memory elicits stimulus-specific neural activity that tracks the stored content. Here, we present evidence for a distinct class of load-sensitive neural activity that indexes items without representing their contents per se. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) activity while adult human subjects stored varying numbers of items in visual working memory. Multivariate analysis of the scalp topography of EEG voltage enabled precise tracking of the number of individuated items stored and robustly predicted individual differences in working memory capacity. Critically, this signature of working memory load generalized across variations in both the type and number of visual features stored about each item, suggesting that it tracked the number of individuated memory representations and not the content of those memories. We hypothesize that these findings reflect the operation of a capacity-limited pointer system that supports on-line storage and attentive tracking.
Investigation of suction pressure pulsation prediction of rotary compressor with total variation diminishing scheme and one-dimensional accumulator model
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Li Jiachen , Zhang Shuai
Published: August 2022

The suction pressure pulsation plays a significant role in rotary compressor performance, so employing gas dynamic model for simulation is critical for compressor performance prediction and structure design. Comparing with the conventional Lax-wendroff two-step (LW2) scheme which has been usually utilized with good behaviors of speed and stability, this paper adopted the total variation diminishing scheme with higher convergence speed and less dispersion. And the common zero-dimensional model for the accumulator is updated to a one-dimensional model achieving more accurate pressure results at the suction pipe inlet. The simulation results of instantaneous pressure are also compared with experimental measured data under different conditions. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient of simulated pressure curves are all higher than 0.9 and the relative errors of predicted performance are almost all less than 5%, which indicates better agreement on pressure pulsation simulation and performance prediction.
‘We will multiply the fires of resistance’: The catalysts of dissent against institutional science and their interplay with refused knowledge communities
Authors: Bory Paolo , Giardullo Paolo , Tosoni Simone , Turrini Valentina
Published: August 2022

Drawing on a 12-month virtual ethnography on the main online spaces of three refused knowledge communities (RKCs) in Italy, this study aims at contributing to the debate on emerging forms of science-related populism from a two-fold perspective. First, we identify and describe the main features and the role played by an understudied figure who we label the ‘catalyst of dissent’ – a public influencer who does not belong to the scientific community and contributes to the spread of science-related populist narratives within a grassroots ecosystem of resistance to institutional science. Second, our research highlights how RKCs – communities proposing visions of science and medicine denied acceptance or even consideration by institutional science – can appropriate some key resources produced by the catalysts. The analysis focuses on the interplay between the catalysts and three main RKCs during the pandemic crisis in Italy: The No-5G, the Free-Vax, and the 5 Biological Laws communities.
Associations of locus of control, information processing style and anti-reflexivity with climate change scepticism in an Australian sample
Authors: Fraser Breanna C. , Sharman Rachael , Nunn Patrick D.
Published: August 2022

A proportion of the Australian public remains sceptical about the reality of climate change, its causes, impacts and the need for mitigatory action. To date, scepticism research largely focuses on factors highly resistant to change, particularly socio-demographic and value factors. This mixed-methods study investigated whether more malleable psychological factors: locus of control; information processing style; and anti-reflexivity, predicted climate change scepticism above and beyond socio-demographic and value factors. A sample of 390 participants ( Mean age = 41.31, standard deviation = 18.72; 230 male) completed an electronic survey. Using hierarchical regression, trust in forces of anti-reflexivity and external locus of control predicted impact scepticism. Decreased trust in forces of reflexivity also predicted attribution and impact scepticism. Finally, external locus of control predicted response scepticism. Key qualitative themes identified were, trust in alternative science; mistrust of climate science; belief in natural cycles; predictions not becoming reality; and ulterior motives of interested parties.
Implementing Evidence-Based Mental-Health Treatments: Attending to Training, Fidelity, Adaptation, and Context
Authors: Wiltsey Stirman Shannon
Published: August 2022

This article provides a very high-level overview of some key considerations in the field of implementation science as it relates to clinical psychology. The article reviews recent findings regarding treatment fidelity, adaptation of treatments, and clinical outcomes. It then details some recent findings on training therapists to provide evidence-based therapies as they were designed to be delivered, with sufficient skill and adaptations if needed to ensure better fit for clients who receive treatments in different treatment settings. Finally, the article considers implications for implementing and sustaining new treatments and supporting their fidelity and adaptation, as well as key directions for future research.
Resurfacing Gender: A Typology of Conflict-Related Violence Against Women for the Northern Ireland Troubles
Authors: Swaine Aisling
Published: August 2022

The “Troubles” in Northern Ireland are often assumed to represent an outlier in respect of contemporary global discourse on conflict-related violence against women (CRVAW), and particularly “strategic rape.” CRVAW has neither commanded the narrative nor imagery of that conflict nor specifically recognized globally as part of women's experiences of it. A composite and comprehensive analysis of CRVAW for that context has been absent. Based on primary and secondary research, and analytically advanced through gender and critical harm theory, the article presents the first typology of CRVAW for the Northern Ireland Troubles. The article maps and evidences a range of gendered harms directly and indirectly resulting from the conflict enacted by state and nonstate actors. It argues that a resurfacing of gender is required to ensure current global debates on CRVAW are informed by a reconsideration of what constitutes “strategic” harm in armed conflict.