bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Espinosa Gastón , Redling Erik , Stevens Jason
Published: September 2023

The Introduction defines religion, discusses its importance to filmmakers and studio marketing, and analyzes how religious traditions, symbols, and archetypes can add depth and meaning to characters and storytelling. It provides a brief history of Protestantism and its beliefs, explores Protestant film aesthetics, and then extensively recounts the history of Protestantism in American and European films, covering writers, directors, producers, actors, industry agencies, and critics. Major studio films, genre films, independent films, are art cinema are all covered. This historical overview is the overarching context for all of the chapters that follow. The Introduction concludes by summarizing the book’s chapters by topic area and then identifying recurring Protestant motifs and themes, matched with corresponding films.
Protestant Responses to Hollywood, Censorship, and Art Cinema
Authors: Romanowski William D.
Published: September 2023

This chapter helps to correct the impression that Protestants were critical of the religious censorship of movies primarily because Catholics were enforcing it. On the contrary, it demonstrates that Protestants, who believed in the positive potential of film, objected to censorship in principle and sought a structural approach to influencing the content of motion pictures, which eventuated in the creation of the movie ratings system still used today. In 1915, the U.S. Supreme Court denied movies free speech protection, rendering them subject to censorship by a city, a state, or even a federal board—a ruling that was not reversed until 1952. Will Hays, president of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, hoped the Protestant establishment, his natural constituency, would serve as a bulwark against legalized censorship. Drawing on their religious heritage, Protestants favored industry self-regulation and were averse to legalized censorship.
The Vexed Man: Oliver Cromwell and the English Reformation and Civil War on Screen
Authors: Espinosa Gastón
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the film Cromwell (1970) and addresses the difficulties that writer-director Ken Hughes faced bringing the highly controversial Puritan figure Sir Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) to British and American screens amid the Cold War and the countercultural ferment of the late 1960s. It explores the different interpretations that Cromwell’s actions have solicited: liberal, conservative, authoritarian, and Marxist-revolutionary. For Hughes, Cromwell is neither a conniving hypocrite, a dictatorial tyrant, a religious zealot, or a proto-Marxist revolutionary, but rather a psychologically contradictory modern man—a vexed man—with religiously garbed secular goals who sought to replace a bygone era of the divine right of kings with a modern parliamentary-led constitutional monarchy. He portrays him as a relatively progressive, modern, and forward-looking political reformer and champion of Western-style democratic values. Cromwell emerges as a fascinating record of Hughes’s attempt to wrestle the various facets of Cromwell into a coherent vision about the man and his legacy and how his story (perhaps unwittingly) might provide social commentary and a road map on how to navigate current social problems of the 1960s and 70s via the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the British Empire and colonialism, countercultural movements, growing racial-ethnic and religious divisions, and secularism.
“Holy Ghost Power!” in Robert Duvall’s The Apostle
Authors: Espinosa Gastón , Stevens Jason
Published: September 2023

This chapter, on Robert Duvall’s The Apostle (1997), argues that the film counters decades of screen misrepresentations of Holiness-Pentecostal churches in the American South. Though often playing (like most Hollywood films) to Black and Latinx archetypes, such as the Black spiritual mentor and excitable Latinx Pentecostal preacher, The Apostle approaches its subject with creative empathy, showing how Pentecostal churches have fostered redemption, healing, and interracial friendships among poor and working-class whites and Blacks. The dynamic energy holding together these communities of worship is “Holy Ghost power,” a much misunderstood, but central, experience of charismatic evangelicalism.
The Religious Motif of Mountains in Tyler Perry’s Why Did I Get Married?
Authors: Johnson Melanie
Published: September 2023

ssThis chapter highlights African American actor, writer, director, and producer Tyler Perry, whose films show the grace of Jesus being manifested amid gritty and often graphic portrayals of the human condition. These are not sanitized versions of middle-class evangelical Protestant Christian families, but depictions of familial and community loyalty in the face of hardships. Such portrayals, as in the romantic drama Why Did I Get Married?, tap into the message of the Bible itself as well as a long Black Protestant Christian tradition of Jesus as an ever-present help in times of need. Perry’s Black characters—who are generally more complex than church lady Madea, his famous screen alter ego—enact cinematic parables that interpret Jesus as consistently present, accessible, and One with oppressed Black men and women in their darkest times.
Latinx Youth
Authors: Organista Kurt C.
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides a selective overview of the clustering of interrelated psychosocial and health problems over-affecting most Latinx youth in America: school failure, depression and suicidality, sexual reproductive health challenges, problem alcohol and substance use, and gang affiliation. These problems are framed here as generally resulting from unmet developmental needs due to the destabilization of conventional social and cultural resources and controls within the family, ethnic/local community, and greater society, especially in the poorest of barrio-dwelling youth. Risk and protective factors are reviewed within their larger sociocultural context, as are state of the art and cutting edge interventions, including family focused, school, and community-based programs.
You talkin’ to me?
Authors: Roache Rebecca
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores how the relationship between the speaker and the listener can affect how objectionable swearing is. It notes the long tradition of viewing swearing as worse when it’s directed at or in the presence of certain people. Additionally, women and children have historically been considered delicate. The chapter mentions how considerations of avoiding swearing in the presence of other people’s children guide people's behavior in other ways. It also explains that the person doing the swearing can also make a difference to the offensiveness of swear words, citing how people known to be a model of politeness and decorum have a greater capacity of shocking or offending others with swearing.
Women and the Miners' Strike, 1984-1985
Authors: Sutcliffe-Braithwaite Florence , Thomlinson Natalie
Published: September 2023

Women and the Miners’ Strike, 1984–1985 is the first academic study of women’s experiences in the miners’ strike of 1984–5, in coalfields all around England, Scotland, and Wales. It uncovers how women’s activism to support the strike developed, the struggles activists had to support the strike, and their achievements—though it also qualifies the popular impression that the support movement was a mass uprising of apolitical coalfield women who were transformed for ever by their activism. It looks at experiences that are typically much less visible in accounts of the strike: the women who went out to work to support their families, who remained within the home during the strike, and even those who opposed the strike, offering their support to husbands who chose to work through the strike, or to return to work early. Through examining the stories of women and their varied experiences during the strike, the book sheds new light on working-class women’s relationship to ‘feminism’, to the ‘political’, and the ‘ordinary’, and demonstrates the ways in which gender roles, working-class lifestyles, and coalfield communities, had changed in Britain over the postwar period.
Crisis and Drift: Autumn 1984
Authors: Sutcliffe-Braithwaite Florence , Thomlinson Natalie
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the events of autumn 1984, when the strike began to falter. It explores what drove some women to support a return to work, examining the right-wing Miners’ Wives Back to Work Campaign, but also looking at those women who were not motivated mainly by ideology or politics, but simply by the desperate need to feed their families and provide for them for the upcoming Christmas. This chapter also looks at how the support movement responded to the unfolding crisis, examining how provisioning of food was undertaken during this difficult period. It analyses how the politics of the women’s support movement was framed, both by the women who were involved in it, and by left-wing supporters and media; it explores the complex relationship that many in the support movement had with feminism, and indeed, the idea of the political more broadly. Finally, this chapter unpicks what kept so many women united in the cause by examining the moral economy structuring the activism of those who supported the strike.
Personhood and Technology
Authors: Zimmermann Jens
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, Jens Zimmermann argues that the implicit philosophical anthropology that undergirds transhumanist visions of an imminent post-human future is indicative of a more generally accepted reductive anthropology in modern culture. We believe, for example, in the superiority of Artificial Intelligence (and the implied threat of rendering human agents inferior or superfluous); in functionalist theories of the human mind; and in a quasi-mechanistic view of biological life itself only because we have become ignorant of the qualities that characterize a true human person. Drawing on the philosophies of Hans Jonas (The Phenomenon of Life), Paul Ricœur (Oneself as Another, Freedom and Nature), and Hermeneutic Theory (Heidegger, Gadamer), together with ancient and modern theological sources (Gregory of Nyssa, Dietrich Bonhoeffer) and personalist philosophy (Max Scheler, Jacques Maritain, Robert Spaemann), Zimmermann demonstrates that the embodied, relational, historical, and transcendent nature of human, indeed personal, consciousness reveals the stark reductionism and consequent misunderstanding of the person in contemporary views of human identity.
Transhumanism, Embodied Cognition, and Psychiatry
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, Thomas Fuchs argues, from a psychiatrist’s perspective and against the intrinsically mind-body-dualistic understanding of human beings advocated by transhumanists, that processes of life and processes of consciousness are inseparably linked through the living body as a whole. In the unity of the person, both aspects are intertwined: the body is alive and therefore also mindful; the mind is alive and therefore also truly embodied. Fuchs also demonstrates the importance of embodied cognition for psychiatry. This medical discipline is increasingly dominated by brain-centered research that focuses on drug treatment, deep-brain stimulation, and neuroenhancement designed only to change the person’s psyche. Fuchs argues that such an approach neglects both the embodied and relational structure of the human mind and risks rendering the patient dependent on mere technical support. Durable therapeutic changes can only be achieved through personal, i.e., embodied and interactive experiences—and these over time also influence the neuronal substrate through a circular interaction of ‘process’ and ‘structure.’
Death and Glory in a Technological World
Authors: Burdett Michael
Published: September 2023

What role ought reflection on death play in any vision of life and, indeed, in the Christian vision of attaining to a glorified life? Michael Burdett answers this question by engaging technological culture—specifically secular humanist and futuristic transhumanist ideologies—by way of the Christian tradition. He shows that secular humanism ‘transcendentalizes’ death; in other words, it considers death the most definitive feature of being human, and it is largely allergic to speaking about the ‘glorious and perfected human being.’ Secular humanists hypocritically argue that the best life possible is one lived in the acknowledgment of one’s limitation and finitude, even though striving for self-transcendence remains central. Burdett then turns to transhumanism, which does not even acknowledge but rather denies death as a feature of human existence and prefers to define humanity by the technological transcendence it seeks to achieve through a kind of ‘virtual glory.’ Burdett then argues that Christianity, in contrast to both secular humanism and transhumanism, can fully acknowledge death as a genuine reality of human life—and it can also assert that our current finite and vulnerable condition is not all we are meant to be. As such, Christianity’s relation of death to glory overcomes the deficiencies of both secular humanism and transhumanism. Moreover, Christianity provides a more convincing account of the human being as a transcendent ‘creature bound for glory.’
Exploring the new plebiscitary democracy
Authors: Hendriks Frank
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the emerging, hitherto underconceptualized, new plebiscitary democracy, which reinvents and radicalizes longer-existing plebiscitary methods (initiative, referendum, recall, primary, petition, poll) with new tools and applications (mostly digital). The new plebiscitary democracy comes with a comparatively thin conception of democracy, invoking the bare notion of a demos whose aggregated will is to steer actors and issues in public governance in a straight majoritarian way. The chapter fleshes out an empirically informed typology, distinguishing between new plebiscitary methods that are developed bottom-up versus top-down, and that are issue-oriented versus leader-oriented. Various specimens, confronting both deliberative and electoral democracy, are discussed. As systematic research into the various guises, drivers, and implications of the new plebiscitary democracy is largely missing, and much less advanced than research into the deliberative turn, a gap-filling research agenda is being teased out here.
The American House Poem, 1945-2021
Authors: Hunter Walt
Published: September 2023

This book tracks the emergence of an “American house poem,” from the time of the post-war housing boom through the post-2008 housing crisis. The house is perhaps the most recognizable emblem of the American ideals of self-making: prosperity, stability, domesticity, and upward mobility. Yet over the years from 1945–2021, the American house becomes more famous for the betrayal of those hopes than for their fulfillment: first, through the federally enacted segregation of cities and public housing; then through the expansion of private credit that lays the ground for the subprime mortgage crisis of the early twenty-first century. This book finds that, as access to housing expands to include a greater share of the US population, the house emerges as a central metaphor for the poetic imagination. During the post-World War II age of ascendant American power across the globe, the American house poem represents the changing abilities of US poets to imagine new forms of life while also building on the past. The American House Poem focuses on poetry written by women, Black, and LGBT+ writers who register the unevenly distributed pressures of successive housing crises by rewriting older poetic forms. Writing about the materials, tools, and plans for making a house, poets express the tensions between making their lives into art and freeing their lives from inherited constraints and conditions.
The Scope of the Doctrine
Authors: Goudkamp James , Nolan Donal
Published: September 2023

Chapter 2 addresses the causes of action to which the contributory negligence doctrine applies. This issue is not straightforward in circumstances where the legislature failed adequately to deal with it in the apportionment legislation and where the courts have not managed to propound a clear set of principles in this regard. The unsatisfactory result is that the ambit of the doctrine is governed by a series of ad hoc decisions that lack overall coherence. The chapter proceeds by first considering the rule that apparently precludes the courts from extending the doctrine to causes of action in respect of which the complete defence of contributory negligence was not available before 1945. It then considers the doctrine’s application to the intentional torts before turning to address the position with regard to other common law torts, statutory torts, breach of contract, and equitable wrongs.
Executive Approval in Great Britain
Authors: Bartle John , Dellepiane-Avellaneda Sebastian , McGann Anthony
Published: September 2023

The British political system is widely supposed to produce strong and responsible government. As a result, the electorate is widely expected to hold the executive to account for conditions, particularly the economy. This chapter shows that these expectations are fulfilled: approval is driven by economic optimism. Governments are rewarded for making people feel good about the economy and punished for making them feel bad. Executive performance is also influenced by evaluations of the government’s ability to manage ‘events’, the electoral cycle, the cost of ruling, and policy advantage. The chapter examines whether two recent developments—the independence of the Bank of England in 1997 and coalition government from 2010 to 2015 changed these relationships. Both changing contexts should have made it more difficult for the public to evaluate government responsibility for economic performance. We find that Bank of England independence moderated the relationship between interest rates and approval, while coalition government did little to alter the fundamental dynamics of monthly approval.
Federal Government Approval in Canada
Authors: Bélanger Éric , Jacques Olivier
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the impact of macroeconomic, political, and fiscal policy variables on the Canadian federal government’s popularity from 1978 to 2018. It observes a decline in the impact of the macroeconomic variables over time. This decline coincides with a shift in the government’s fiscal policy agenda which has been centred on austerity and deficit reduction since the early 1990s. Until then, Canadians preferred budget deficits and the effect of the economy on executive approval was clear and consistent. As deficits became unsustainable during the economic crisis of the early 1990s, balancing the budget became the government’s main objective. The government’s austerity discourse and actions convinced many Canadians of the purported benefits of a balanced federal budget. Since then, Canadians have rewarded the government for a reduction of budget deficits, and the impact of the economy on the government’s popularity became inconsistent. The authors demonstrate this over-time change using Wald tests, split samples, and rolling regressions. In that respect, their findings provide support to one of the theoretical perspectives laid out in this volume’s introduction, according to which the salience of economic issues has changed over time, a factor that partly explains the variation observed in the relationship between economics and executive approval.
Hamer's Professional Conduct Casebook
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This book provides comprehensive coverage of case law in the field of professional regulation and discipline, making it an indispensable source of reference for practitioners and tribunal members. The fourth edition of this casebook contains ninety chapters of key cases, as well as a supplement covering additional cases in an easy to follow A–Z format. It distils the general principles from the legislative framework and offers informed summaries that are of great support for practitioners. The book covers issues arising during the course of professional conduct proceedings, from absence of the practitioner to evidence, findings of fact, misconduct, impairment, and sanction. It identifies the applicable statutory and non-statutory provisions and guidance on each topic and summarizes the leading cases and relevant case law.
Conviction and Caution Cases (General Principles)
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter evaluates the general principles in conviction and caution cases. In professional disciplinary proceedings, other than in exceptional circumstances, a party cannot challenge a criminal conviction and seek to go behind it, endeavouring to show that the practitioner was innocent of the charge and should have been acquitted. A key example is General Medical Council v. Spackman [1943]. A practitioner may prove that they were not the person referred to in the certificate or extract, but, that apart, there would need to be exceptional circumstances or compelling grounds for a tribunal to go behind a certificate or extract of conviction. The same applies in the case of a foreign conviction, such as in Rak-Latos v. General Dental Council [2018]. Evidence of the underlying facts relating to the conviction is admissible if not inconsistent with the conviction.
Experts
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes a disciplinary tribunal which, like a jury in crime, should see an expert’s evidence to assist on a matter that is likely outside its experience and knowledge. There would need to be clear and compelling reasons to reject the evidence of an expert witness, and where there are conflicting opinions between the experts, the tribunal should give reasons why it is rejecting one expert and accepting the evidence of another. It identifies the risks posed by the recurrence of misconduct, which is a matter of ordinary assessment by the tribunal. The chapter stresses how repeatedly breaking the obligations laid down by the courts on expert witnesses when giving evidence is considered a serious professional misconduct for a practitioner. It mentions the Squier v. GMC case, which addresses the reason why shortcomings on expert witnesses amount to serious professional misconduct.
Findings of Fact
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter highlights regulatory bodies that provide for findings of fact to be considered and announced by the tribunal or committee before consideration of other issues. It reviews the recent cases of Dutta and Khan, which show that by beginning with the question of credibility and without reference to the specific allegations, the tribunal is likely to fall into the trap of doubting the complainant before reviewing any documentary evidence. It also cites the case of Forsyth v. FCA, which demonstrates how the tribunal will need to consider the overall plausibility of the evidence and be vigilant when sifting and considering the evidence. The chapter mentions the appellate court, which will accord significant respect to the judgment of a specialist tribunal after considering all the material before it. It details the task of the tribunal, which is to consider whether the core allegations are true.
Galbraith Submissions
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on Galbraith submissions. It redirects to Chapter 61, which is another relevant chapter that talks about the submission of a ‘no case to answer’.
Health (Adverse Physical or Mental Health)
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the statutory provisions for healthcare professionals, which provide that a practitioner’s fitness to practise shall be regarded as impaired by reason of adverse physical or mental health. The Bar Standards Board has Fitness to Practise Regulations for determining whether a barrister is unfit to practise as a result of a physical or mental condition. It cites Brocklebank v. GMC, which is considered the leading case in relation to adverse physical or mental health. The chapter talks about how the tribunal or committee is entitled to have regard to whether the condition is a continuing or episodic condition, or one that may be expected to cause recurrence of serious impairment. It highlights the risk to patient safety that is likely to be impaired, which is a key factor when considering a practitioner’s refusal to undergo a health assessment.
Insight and Remediation
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter considers insight as a matter that a fitness to practise tribunal or disciplinary committee will consider when deciding on current impairment and sanction. It is usually covered in the sanctions guidance both of healthcare and non-healthcare regulators. It demonstrates how professional tribunals seek to ascertain the extent to which the practitioner has ‘insight’ in the sense that they accept that they should have behaved differently and have reflected and taken steps to remediate concerns about their conduct, behaviour, skills, or knowledge. The chapter mentions the important decision of the Court of Appeal in PSA v. HCPC, which shows how a disciplinary committee will weigh all relevant evidence. The case of Motala v. GMC emphasizes that the assessment of insight is a matter for the tribunal’s judgment and that the courts will be slow to interfere with such a finding of fact.
Integrity (Lack of)
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

The chapter looks at the Codes of Conduct of many regulators that expressly provide that a registered person must act at all times with integrity. It analyses the decisions of the Court of Appeal in the cases of Wingate and Evans and Malins, which clarify that integrity is a broader concept than dishonesty. It also points out how society expects professional persons to demonstrate a higher obligation and integrity in all of their work. The chapter highlights the lack of integrity that can occur in situations concerning a professional person’s private life, although it will depend on how the rules of the body are framed and considerations under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) are played. Where the standard of behaviour is clear, the test of lack of integrity is an objective one.
Interim Orders (General Principles)
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter concerns section 41A of the Medical Act 1983, which provides that the registration of a person can be suspended or be made subject to conditions for a period not exceeding eighteen months. Any interim order is subject to regular review and may be revoked, varied, or replaced by a different order, and on application to the court the period of eighteen months may be extended. It considers the GMC v. Hiew case as the leading authority in relation to interim orders. The chapter states that the criteria for the exercise of the court’s power for an extension can be the same as the original interim order. It reviews the principle of proportionality that is applicable when the interim orders tribunal determines whether an interim order should be imposed and when determining the length of any interim order.
Joinder
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter mentions the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, Disciplinary Committee Rules 2020, which is one of the examples of procedural rules dealing with issues of joinder of allegations or respondents. It discusses the joinder of two or more allegations or categories of impairment against a registrant and whether complaints against two or more registrants should properly be heard together. The rules of most healthcare regulators contemplate an inquiry by one panel into whether the registrant’s fitness to practise is impaired. The chapter describes a panel that is to be informed of all of the facts and all of the background of the registrant that could help it to determine what is to be done by way of sanction or penalty. It explores the power to order separate hearings where two distinct types of conduct are alleged or the outcome of one allegation might adversely affect the outcome of another.
Judicial Review
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyses section 31 of the Senior Courts Act 1981 and Parts 8 and 54 of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 that contain the rules governing claims for judicial review. It looks at cases to show that the decisions of professional bodies operating in the public domain and underpinned by statute are amenable to judicial review. The courts discourage applications for judicial review against interim orders or directions made during disciplinary proceedings in the absence of exceptional or pressing circumstances. The chapter points out that an applicant is expected to have pursued any alternative remedy before embarking on proceedings for judicial review. In the case of domestic proceedings or where the parties’ rights are based in contract, the court has taken a firm line that judicial review is not an appropriate remedy.
Natural Justice
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on the rules of natural justice, which are implicit in all regulatory proceedings. It notes how regulators refer to the need to ensure that the tribunal deals with cases justly. The courts have been concerned to ensure that the rules of natural justice are complied with while simultaneously ensuring that the proceedings are not burdened with the excessive procedural argument in professional disciplinary proceedings. Moreover, courts will invariably look to see whether the overall fairness of the proceedings has been achieved. The chapter looks into professional conduct, police, and prison disciplinary cases that establish the rules of natural justice applying equally to bodies operating under contractual arrangements as much as those set up under legislation.
Review Hearings
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on review hearings in the healthcare profession. It notes how a review hearing may arise in circumstances of impairment of the registrant’s fitness or statutory requirement for a review of an interim suspension order. Moreover, the fitness to practise rules of each of the healthcare regulators provide for the procedure to be followed at a review hearing. The chapter elaborates on the practice, procedure, orders, and directions of review hearings by citing cases for reference. It then clarifies that a review hearing is not an appeal or an opportunity to reopen the earlier determination, but a procedure to consider and determine the practitioner’s fitness to practise.
Sanction (Specific Cases)
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter considers the sanctions for specific cases that involve healthcare misconduct and legal professionals. It covers healthcare misconduct cases, including the Salha v. General Medical Council case, in which a plagiarism reprimand was substituted for suspension, while the Giele v. General Medical Council case looked into a situation in which the doctor had an inappropriate relationship with their patient. The GMC’s Interim Orders Committee was entitled to give greater weight to the public interest and to the need to maintain public confidence in the profession than to the consequences to the appellant of the imposition of the penalty. The chapter also tackles how sanctions were handled against other professions, such as a priest having an improper relationship with a parishioner and a teacher under a prohibition order. Moreover, the Long v. Police Service Commission case raised the issue between public interest and the requirement of retirement as a penalty.
Unrepresented Practitioner
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses unrepresented practitioners at hearings before the fitness to practise tribunals or disciplinary committees. According to the rules of most regulatory bodies, a practitioner may self-represent or attend a hearing with a member of their family or another suitable person in the absence of being legally represented or represented by a professional organization. Moreover, the rules of regulators then clarified that an unrepresented practitioner will not be permitted to cross-examine the complainant when an allegation of sexual misconduct is charged. The chapter notes the number of sources available to help unrepresented practitioners, including the Advocate, National Pro Bono Centre, McKenzie friend, and Doctor Contact Service. It also highlights the significance of tribunals becoming proactive in considering whether adjustments are needed when an individual shows signs of being unwell during a hearing.
Waiver
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter explains how waivers can arise in professional conduct proceedings similar to other proceedings. It references disciplinary cases in which the question of waiver arose, such as McCarthy v. Bar Standards Board which involved a disciplinary tribunal with any objection to bias waived. According to Lord Bingham of Cornhill CJ, an effective waiver had to be voluntary, informed, and unequivocal. If there is any evidence that the advocate put pressure on the client or concealed any material facts, then the client must be able to show that his apparent agreement was involuntary or uninformed. However, the tribunal must be able to proceed on the grounds that a qualified advocate has the appropriate authority.
Supplement (2023)
Authors: Hamer Kenneth
Published: September 2023

This chapter contains a Supplement together with a Table of Cases to the Supplement. The Supplement follows the same easy to follow A-Z format of the book, and includes cases up to 17 March 2023 under chapter headings.
Encouraging Results
Authors: Santos Juan Manuel
Published: September 2023

By the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century, Colombia had established itself as a success story and a leader in its region in reducing both multidimensional and income poverty, resulting in the expansion and consolidation of the middle class. It also showed significant progress in reducing inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient. Other social indicators—not just the Colombian Multidimensional Poverty Index (C-MPI)—verify the results of properly targeting social policy, with increasingly comprehensive and accurate measurements. Based on the work of Professor Steven Pinker, the author analyzes the data that demonstrates positive social transformations in Colombia over the past three decades. Social inclusion also encompasses progress in protecting the rights of minorities or vulnerable groups, such as people with disabilities, women heads of household, or the LGBTI population. This chapter concludes with a lesson that highlights the merits of coordinated and targeted work using instruments such as the Multidimensional Poverty Index to obtain positive and measurable results that lead to greater social equality.
Kabuki's Nineteenth Century
Authors: Zwicker Jonathan E.
Published: September 2023

Kabuki’s Nineteenth Century examines the theater culture of nineteenth-century Japan from the perspective of the history and materiality of the book, the nature of reception, and the making and using of images. The aim of this book is to rediscover the kabuki theater of nineteenth-century Japan by shifting our critical focus from performance to print and the public sphere and thus embedding theater history within the larger world of printed matter, by means of which theatricality circulated beyond the stage and through which performance was most often consumed. Fundamental to Kabuki’s Nineteenth Century is a reconsideration of the nature of the printed archive itself. The book argues that the archive of printed material related to the theater in nineteenth-century Japan (playbills, actor critiques, theater guides, maps, actor prints, calendars, and broadsheets) is something more than—and more complicated than—a set of materials out of which we might reconstitute the always transient event of performance. Rather, the archive constitutes an object of inquiry unto itself, an object that reveals as much about the interrelations between, and among, various printed media and genres circulating beyond the confines of the theater as it does about what happened on stage.
American Tyrannies in the Long Age of Napoleon
Authors: Duquette Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

What if the American experiment is twofold, encompassing both democracy and tyranny? That is the question at the core of this book, which traces some of ways that Americans across the nineteenth century understood the perversions tyranny introduced into both their polity and their society. While some informed their thinking with reference to classical texts, which comprehensively consider tyranny’s dangers, most drew on a more contemporary source—Napoleon Bonaparte, the century’s most famous man and its most notorious tyrant. Because Napoleon defined tyranny around the nineteenth-century Atlantic world—its features and emergence, its relationship to democratic institutions, its effects on persons and peoples—he provides a way for nineteenth-century Americans to explore the parameters of tyranny and their complicity in its cruelties. Although he is not always necessary, Napoleon helps us see the decidedly plural forms of tyranny in the United States, bringing their fictions into focus. At the same time, however, there are distinctly American modes of tyranny. From the tyrannical style of the American imagination to the usurping potential of American individualism, the book shows that tyranny is as American as democracy.
How Coppola Became Cage
Authors: Schonfeld Zach
Published: September 2023

How Coppola Became Cage chronicles Nicolas Cage’s early career and rise to fame, examining the formative performances that made him an icon of independent cinema in the 1980s and early 1990s. Drawing on more than 100 new interviews with Cage’s collaborators—including filmmakers David Lynch, John Patrick Shanley, Mike Figgis, Martha Coolidge, and Amy Heckerling—this book offers a revealing portrait of Cage’s origin story as a member of the Coppola family, his early roles in low-budget teen films, and his rise to stardom with memorable performances in cult films like Raising Arizona, Moonstruck, and Wild at Heart. The book examines how Cage drew on influences as eclectic as silent cinema and German Expressionism, while displaying an intense commitment to his performances both on- and off-screen. The book demystifies the actor’s on-screen eccentricities and argues that his commercial failures are as interesting as his successes. How Coppola Became Cage meticulously traces Cage’s career from 1981, when he was a young drama student at Beverly Hills High School, to 1995, when he gave an Oscar-winning performance as a suicidal alcoholic in Leaving Las Vegas.
The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Leung Stephanie L. , Farchione Todd J. , Eustis Elizabeth H. , Pappalardo Lindsey , Gonzalez Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2023

Anxiety and depression occur at higher rates among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) than in national samples. In addition, those with T2D may experience diabetes-related distress. Emotional distress is associated with poorer glycemic control, less engagement in diabetes self-management, and more diabetes complications. National guidelines recommend routine screening and addressing of anxiety and depression in diabetes treatment. However, evidence-based, integrative interventions targeting the affective components of diabetes are lacking. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) is an evidence-based, cognitive–behavioral intervention for anxiety, depression, and related emotional disorders that may fulfill this need in diabetes care. This chapter examines the potential application of the UP to address affective components of diabetes among adults with T2D, including emotional and behavioral challenges specific to diabetes. A case study is described to provide examples to guide the use of the UP among adults with T2D. Findings from the application of the UP in adults with T2D are expected to provide preliminary evidence for the UP as a viable treatment option for addressing emotional distress in diabetes care, which has the potential to positively impact health outcomes in the diabetes population.
Application of a Brief Unified Protocol Program in Group Format to People Living with HIV in a Public Health Unit
Authors: González-Baeza Alicia , Rua-Cebrian Guadalupe , Cano-Smith Joanna , Pérez-Valero Ignacio , Osma Jorge
Published: September 2023

More than 38 million people are living with HIV worldwide, affecting several heterogeneous subpopulations (e.g., men who have sex men, past and current injecting drug users, and heterosexual women and men). Compared to the general population, people living with HIV (PLWHIV) appear to show higher emotional disorders associated with poor adherence to treatments, poor quality of life, or HIV progression. This chapter describes a brief adaptation of the Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) in a group format with a heterogeneous group of PLWHIV and emotional disorders. The chapter outlines a UP adaptation, a case formulation, and the preliminary data of the UP utility in four cases. Interventions to improve emotional regulation strategies, such as the UP, could be especially effective in PLWHIV, who often face multiple potential stressful situations that trigger a large cascade of emotions.
Application of the Unified Protocol in Patients Who Have Undergone Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Ferreres-Galán Vanesa , Quilez-Orden Alba , Peris-Baquero Óscar , Osma Jorge
Published: September 2023

Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide, and it is expected to get worse in the coming years. Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most used and effective treatment, but there are patients post-BS who regain weight due to emotional eating, anxiety, and/or depression. This chapter describes the adaptation of the Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) to be applied in group format in patients with emotional symptomatology and who have undergone BS. UP could be an appropriate intervention option to address the emotional dysregulation that can occur after BS and hinder the expected weigh outcomes and quality of life of patients. The chapter describes the UP adaptation, the case formulation of one patient, and the preliminary data on the utility and viability of the UP in three cases of post-BS patients.
Unified Protocol for Endometriosis
Authors: Payne Laura A. , Barreveld Antje M.
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the Unified Protocol for endometriosis. Endometriosis is a chronic and complex health condition that is associated with high rates of anxiety and depression and also with the symptoms of painful dysmenorrhea and excessive menorrhagia, dyspareunia, painful bowel movements or urination, and infertility. Thus, treatment of endometriosis is multimodal and individualized, especially when the emotional symptoms that often accompany dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility associated with endometriosis additionally require sufficient attention during the treatment process. The goal of psychological interventions must be to address the entire biopsychosocial experience of an individual with endometriosis. Thus, the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders is ideally suited to address the emotional needs of women with endometriosis while focusing on the importance of emotion recognition and adaptive responding.
Genealogy Essay II
Authors: Welshon Rex
Published: September 2023

The section-by-section part of Chapter 4 reviews the emergence of human subjectivity and agency and Christianity’s invention of a God to whom we owe unpayable debts. The scope of this history extends beyond the slave revolt back to an earlier ‘morality of custom’ that hammered rudimentary prudential responsibility, accountability, subjectivity and agency into us via memory, forgetting, promising, micro- and macro-level exchange relations, and punishment. Judaism and Christianity then ushered in the slave revolt, creating new forms of subjectivity, responsibility, agency and inventing bad conscience / guilt. The discussion part of Chapter 4 investigates, first, what Nietzsche’s drive/affect moral psychology says about the development of the complexities found in our psychological nature. Doing so requires, second, unpacking what psychological cohesion and continuity, self-awareness and self-command, subjectivity and agency, and willing look like on this drive/affect psychology. Third, what Nietzsche says about power and willing power is analyzed.
On the Margins
Authors: Moon Ruth
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces the book’s main argument and its grounding in field theory approaches to journalism studies. It argues that field theory and other approaches to understanding journalism practice tend to overlook an important model of journalism: one where journalists relinquish their autonomy in the face of both internal and external pressures. In Rwanda, journalists recognize the distance between the reality of practice and the hypothetical world of education and training but strategically choose a self-reinforcing path of continued dependency. Journalists are not completely powerless, but even those with the highest levels of privilege and skill find that their forays into liberal democratic journalism are rebuffed and that their resources are better spent transferring to another field.
Strong State, Weak Field
Authors: Moon Ruth
Published: September 2023

The sleepy state of contemporary Rwandan journalism and the orderly flow of traffic are both outcomes of a state that encourages consensus-based decision-making, discourages rogue, individualistic behavior, and enforces strong penalties against rule-breakers. The Rwandan state today is quite strong, especially compared to its geographical neighbors and other countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This strength is evident in things like the low crime rate across the country and in the state’s ability to surveil everything and everyone. The strong state extends to journalists, imposing strong boundaries restricting the practice of journalism and leaving scant protection for journalists who critique government actors. The journalism field itself is small; journalists tend to be underpaid and generally not well respected (with some exceptions, particularly in radio). Boundaries set by the political landscape signal appropriate, inappropriate, and risky behavior.