bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Studime mbi autorë e vepra të patrajtuara në letërsinë shqipe”, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë, Akademia e Studimeve Albanologjike, Tiranë, 2022
Authors: Paci Evalda
Published: December 2023

Përmbledhja me titull “Studime mbi autorë e vepra të patrajtuara në letërsinë shqipe” përmban disa punime që kanë objekt të vëmendjes autorë a vepra që prej vitesh janë pjesë e kërkimeve dhe e interesave studimore të kolegëve të Departamentit të Studimeve Letrare të Institutit të Gjuhësisë dhe të Letërsisë. Kontributet që paraqiten si pjesë e kësaj përmbledhjeje studimore orientohen ndaj trajtimit të veprave dhe autorëve që duhet të kthehen në vëmendjen e studimeve kryesisht letrare, duke vënë në dukje për disa prej tyre arritje të deritanishme nga gjurmimet paraardhëse, por dhe shtysa për kërkime të mëtejme të thelluara. Në perspektivë të parashtrimit të trajtesave të mëtejme, që marrin parasysh dhe të tilla arritje në fushë të studimeve letrare, klasifikimet mbi çështje të modelit gjinor, apo saktësime mbi interpretime të së njëjtës natyrë të veprave që përfshihen në këtë vëllim studimor, mund të përbëjnë burime të vyera referimi për gjurmimet e thelluara mbi historinë e letërsisë së shkruar shqipe.
Kronikë veprimtari studimore mbi përkthimin: disa qasje hermeneutike dhe vëzhgime të procesit të të përkthyerit
Authors: Paci Evalda
Published: December 2023

Më datën 15 shtator 2023, pranë Bibliotekës së Institutit të Arkeologjisë (ASA) u mbajt veprimtaria studimore mbi përkthimtarinë dhe qasje hermeneutike në procesin e përkthimit. Në këtë veprimtari të organizuar nga Departamenti i Studimeve Letrare (Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë) u mbajtën dy ligjërata që kishin pikënisje pikërisht qasjen hermeneutike dhe një sërë problematikash që lidhen si me përballjen e përkthyesit me sfida jo të pakëta në proceset e përkthimit, ashtu dhe me raste më të veçanta që shpien në reflektime mbi njohjen e duhur të konteksteve të caktuara në këto të fundit. E ftuar nderi e Departamentit të Studimeve Letrare ishte dr. Zuzana Finger, që mbajti ligjëratën me titull “Roli i hermeneutikës në transformimin e përkthimit letrar”, duke sjellë për të pranishmit një sërë shembujsh mbi aspekte të shndërrimeve të mundshme sintagmatike në procesin e përkthimit letrar. Njohëse e mirë e gjuhës shqipe dhe e prurjeve në letërsinë bashkëkohore shqipe, me një formim kompleks në të cilin spikat njohja e thelluar e disa gjuhëve të huaja, dr. Finger kishte përzgjedhur tekste të veçanta, të cilat u interpretuan prej saj në disa vështrime, duke pasur parasysh konotacionet përkatëse në gjuhën burimore dhe në atë të përkthimit. Tekstet e përzgjedhura nga dr. Finger sillnin në vëmendje rëndësinë e njohjes së strukturave përkatëse në gjuhët nga të cilat përkthejmë, me nënvizimin e veçanësisë që mbartin pikërisht veprat letrare.
Disa të dhëna rreth lëvizjes dhe këngëve popullore të kaçakëve në shqipëri
Authors: Haxhihasani Qemal
Published: December 2023

Lëvizja e kaçakëve dhe krijimet artistike popullore përkatëse, si një fenomen tipik historik-shoqëror dhe kulturalo-artistik i popujve të

Evropës juglindore, ka tërhequr prej kohësh vëmendjen e studjuesve. Studime me interes janë bërë sidomos në këto kohët e fundit, për të vënë në pah ekzistencën e këtij fenomeni në vendet e ndryshme të kësaj treve premisat historike që kanë kushtëzuar gjenezën, karakterin dhe tendencat e zhvillimit të tij. a fë ritë tipologjike dhe ndikimet reciproke midis krijimeve popullore të këtyre vendeve. Me gjithë rezultatet e arritura , studimet në drejtim të zgjerimit të njohurive rreth ekzistencës dhe veçorive kombëtare të këtij fenomeni, si edhe në atë të problemeve të ndërlidhjes dhe të ndërveprimit me njëri-tjetrin, ngjallin interes dhe ruajnë gjithmonë vlerë aktuale.
Mbi pjesët e ligjëratës në gjuhën shqipe
Authors: Agalliu Fatmir
Published: December 2023

Shtruarja dhe diskutimi i çështjeve që kanë të bëjnë me pjesët e ligjëratës, kanë një rëndësi të veçantë si nga pikëpamja teorike, ashtu edhe nga ajo praktike. Nga zgjidhja e këtij problemi varet në një shkallë të madhe edhe ndërtimi i gjithë kursit të morfologjisë të gjuhës së sotme shqipe. Në gjuhësinë shqiptare këto çështje deri më sot nuk janë bërë objekt trajtimi në një punim të veçantë. Nëpër gramatikat shkollore të kategorive të ndryshme është bërë edhe klasifikimi i fjalëve në pjesë të ligjëratës, por parimet nga është nisur ky klasifikim në përgjithësi1 nuk janë parashtruar. Në këtë artikull do të preken vetëm disa çështje që ngjallin disku- time dhe presin një zgjidhje sa më të argumentuar.
Si të lexojmë veprën e Budit “Speculum Confessionis”?
Authors: Svane Gunnar
Published: December 2023

Kërkimet e mëparshme në fushën e filologjisë ballkanike kanë synuar të vënë në dukje ngjashmëritë dhe përkimet e shumta që kanë gjuhët e Ballkanit me njëra-tjetrën dhe të cilat së bashku përbëjnë Lidhjen gjuhësore ballkanike ose Sprachbund-in ballkanik. Që nga botimi i manualit ende të pazëvendësueshëm të Sandfeldit1, gjuhëtarët janë përqendruar kryesisht në përshkrimin e ballkanizmave, me ndihmën e teorive tipologjike bashkëkohore dhe me vështrim më të thelluar në mekanizmat gjuhësorë të bilinguizmit (gjuhëve në kontakt). Tashmë e kemi të qartë që ekzistojnë lloje të ndryshme ballkanizmash, që gjuhët ballkanike sillen në mënyra të ndryshme me këto ballkanizma, dhe se ballkanizmat kanë mosha të ndryshme. Në të njëjtën kohë kërkimet e fundit kanë filluar të shfaqin interes të shtuar në historinë e ballkanizmave të veçantë në gjuhët e veçanta ballkanike. Gjuha shqipe mban një pozitë qendrore në të gjitha këto hulumtime3. Kjo është krejt e natyrshme duke pasur parasysh faktin se shqiptarët kanë jetuar në Ballkan së bashku me grekët para se të vinin atje romakët dhe shumë kohë më parë se sllavët dhe turqit të pushtonin gadishullin. Për dymijë vjet shqipja ka qenë njëra nga “gjuhët në kontakt”; dhe, meqenëse ne tani mendojmë se shqipja më e hershme flitej në një hapësirë mjaft më të gjerë sesa sot, mund të përfytyrojmë me siguri se hapësira e kontaktit mes shqipes dhe gjuhëve të tjera (greqishtes, latino-romanishtes, sllavishtes) ka pasur shtrirje të konsiderueshme.
‘Prologu’ i këngëtores arbëreshe I F. A. Santorit, i shqyrtuar përmes prurjeve teorike dhe koncepteve të përpunuara në analizën e diskursit dhe pragmatikën letrare
Authors: Plangarica Tomorr
Published: December 2023

Shqyrtimi i një vepre letrare, madje i një pjesëze të veçantë të saj, siç është vargëzimi hyrës i Këngëtores arbëreshe (që për lehtësi studimi, por jo vetëm, emërtohet nga studiuesit si "prolog" - tetë vargje, të organizuara në dy strofa), duket si ndërmarrje që mund të bjerë ndesh me vetë parimet që ka të përvijuara qasja metodologjike e disiplinave të përmendura në titull, e cila nuk mëton shqyrtim pjesor të veprave apo analizë të strukturave të brendshme të fragmenteve të tekstit, por interpretim të veçantive të procesit krijues që mundëson ngjizjen e veprës, të veçantive që përvijojnë veprat në procesin e komunikimit me lexuesin, madje shqyrtimin e tërë korpusit krijues të një autori, duke synuar rikuptimësimin e mesazheve në atë proces të komunikimit letrar. Në fakt, nuk do t’i shpërfillim parimet e kësaj qasjeje metodologjike dhe do të priremi ta orientojmë shqyrtimin tonë drejt një konteksti më të gjerë që përfshin veprën në tërësi të F. A. Santorit, duke u përpjekur ta përafrojmë lenten në vëzhgim shkallë-shkallë, për të dalluar më tej veçanti në veprën e parë të tij, Këngëtorja arbëreshe1, për t’u ndalur më drejtpërdrejt te vjershëza hyrëse e saj, Prologu.
Exploring memorable gastronomic experiences: Automatic topic modelling of TripAdvisor reviews
Authors: Nowacki Marek , Stasiak Andrzej , Niezgoda Agnieszka
Published: December 2023

The article aims to identify memorable gastronomic experiences reported online and verify their relationships with the type of cuisine served and restaurant location. This study used text mining, LDA, Pearson’s chi-squaredtest and sentiment analysis. All 48,378 English reviews posted by TripAdvisor users concerning 155 restaurants in Krakow were scraped. Eight features that characterise MGEs were identified (service/staff, atmosphere,cuisine/food (taste), drinks, local specialities, location/setting, price & value and table booking). There are statistically significant differences in the frequency of the topic experiences depending on the location of restaurants in the city.
La diversité en fin de vie : la rencontre de « l’Autre » à l’approche de la mort en contexte gériatrique
Authors: Lessard Sabrina
Published: December 2023

Dans un contexte sociétal où, d’une part, on valorise les avancées de la médecine qui donnent accès à une vie de plus en plus longue et où, d’autre part, le mourir dans la dignité est un droit pour toutes les personnes en fin de vie, comment les proches et le personnel soignant s’expliquent-ils les divergences de point de vue au moment de reconnaître l’approche de la mort et de choisir les soins appropriés? À partir d’une étude ethnographique menée au Québec dans deux institutions gériatriques, cet article vise à documenter la façon dont les proches et les soignants mènent la négociation du juste et de l’assez dans une perspective d’accompagnement en fin de vie des personnes du grand âge, où les enjeux deviennent éminemment moraux. Nous y interrogeons les rapports de pouvoir et les représentations de « l’Autre » qui ont une influence lorsque vient le moment d’établir non seulement si un soin de fin de vie est approprié, mais aussi à quel moment il le devient.
El diseño como eslabón perdido entre la creación de valor económico y valor para la sociedad
Authors: Fernández Gago Paula , Martínez Rodríguez Rodrigo
Published: December 2023

Este artículo parte de la exposición de los desafíos sociales a los que se enfrenta la sociedad en su conjunto y las políticas que se están poniendo en marcha desde la Comisión Europea para abordarlos. Este trabajo propone que el diseño ha de jugar un papel fundamental en esta transición y lo fundamenta a través de la evolución que ha vivido la disciplina, siendo a día de hoy un proceso centrado en las necesidades de las personas. Asimismo, también explora la conexión del diseño con la innovación social y con teorías del ámbito de la gestión empresarial, como son el Triple Balance y con la Teoría del Valor Compartido, para poner de manifiesto que el diseño es una disciplina que puede generar valor tanto para las empresas como para la sociedad en su conjunto.
Deep products; a multi-dimensional taxonomy of subtraction-by-design approaches
Authors: Galdón Fernando , Fantini van Ditmar Delfina , Hall Ashley
Published: December 2023

This paper represents a continuation of research by the authors in the form of a preliminary meta-framework introducing Deep Products. Building from a survey specifically collected to address the rising concerns of the impact of design in ecological futures, this paper will present a multi-dimensional taxonomy of subtraction-by-design approaches. Based on our research findings, the authors underline a range of dimensions; Process (biological-mechanical-digital), enablers (independent-companies-governments), output (objects-services-initiatives), scale (person-house-city), rawness (biomass-carbon-plastic), achievements (negative zero-net zero-partial removal). In addition, we present two quadrants; one showcasing location —where the waste removal is placed in terms of the four fundamental earth elements (air, water, land, and social), and another quadrant placing interventions along two dominant interventional axes (social-technological, and pragmatic-speculative). Present and future work will be dedicated to implement subtraction-by-design in educational modules at the Royal college of Art, as well as testing and validating the multi-level taxonomy presented by expanding its database.
Diseño y patrimonio cultural: cómo asegurar la conservación, estudio y difusión de los archivos profesionales o empresariales del diseño valenciano
Authors: Alba Pagán Ester
Published: December 2023

El diseño ha dado forma al mundo en el que vivimos, ha mejorado nuestras vidas de formas que ni siquiera podemos empezar a imaginar. Aunque el diseño está en todas partes y es la memoria del mundo, las colecciones de diseño suelen ser bien conocidas ni forman parte de las colecciones conservadas en nuestras instituciones patrimoniales; por no mencionar los archivos de diseño que capturan narrativas espaciales y temporales. Rescatar este tipo de archivos y ponerlos al alcance del público, e incluso utilizarlos como centros culturales, podría mejorar nuestras vidas gracias a la alfabetización visual, la creatividad y la innovación. El Arxiu Valencià del Disseny tiene como objetivo recuperar, preservar, proteger y difundir el patrimonio cultural de los diseñadores valencianos. Su finalidad es recuperar la historia y evolución de las artes aplicadas y el diseño de producto, gráfico, etc., pero con un enfoque marcadamente orientado hacia el futuro mediante la mejora de las colecciones y su difusión gracias a un sistema computacional inteligente que emplea tecnologías de vanguardia para mejorar nuestra comprensión del diseño valenciano y europeo. Esto se logrará gracias a la digitalización y catalogación de la colección, la búsqueda avanzada y la relación semántica de la colección digitalizada del AVD basada en la interoperabilidad de datos en todas sus colecciones, así como una herramienta de referencia para diseñadores. De esta manera, se pretende convertirse en una referencia nacional e internacional para las futuras generaciones, un motor de desarrollo económico y sostenible para la industria valenciana y un agente de innovación.
Multi-granularity adaptive extractive document summarization with heterogeneous graph neural networks
Authors: Su Wu , Jiang Jin , Huang Kaihui
Published: December 2023

The crucial aspect of extractive document summarization lies in understanding the interrelations between sentences. Documents inherently comprise a multitude of sentences, and sentence-level models frequently fail to consider the relationships between distantly-placed sentences, resulting in the omission of significant information in the summary. Moreover, information within documents tends to be distributed sparsely, challenging the efficacy of sentence-level models. In the realm of heterogeneous graph neural networks, it has been observed that semantic nodes with varying levels of granularity encapsulate distinct semantic connections. Initially, the incorporation of edge features into the computation of dynamic graph attention networks is performed to account for node relationships. Subsequently, given the multiplicity of topics in a document or a set of documents, a topic model is employed to extract topic-specific features and the probability distribution linking these topics with sentence nodes. Last but not least, the model defines nodes with different levels of granularity—ranging from documents and topics to sentences—and these various nodes necessitate different propagation widths and depths for capturing intricate relationships in the information being disseminated. Adaptive measures are taken to learn the importance and correlation between nodes of different granularities in terms of both width and depth. Experimental evidence from two benchmark datasets highlights the superior performance of the proposed model, as assessed by ROUGE metrics, in comparison to existing approaches, even in the absence of pre-trained language models. Additionally, an ablation study confirms the positive impact of each individual module on the model's ROUGE scores.
Review of Humour in Asian Cultures: Tradition and Context
Authors: Smithrosser Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Humour in Asian Cultures: Tradition and Context. Edited by Jessica Milner Davis. New York: Routledge, 2022. Pp. xx + 282. $152.
ENTRE MEMÓRIAS E HISTÓRIAS: A LITERATURA DE AUTORIA FEMININA ALAGOINHENSE TECENDO SIGNOS DE INDEPENDÊNCIA
Authors: SILVA GISLENE ALVES DA , Dos Santos Pedreira Moreira Jailma , De Oliveira Santos Maria José , Silva Paz Vanessa
Published: December 2023

Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre a literatura de autoria feminina de Alagoinhas (BA). Sendo assim, buscamos trazer para cena algumas escritoras e suas produções, acompanhadas de uma discussão sobre o que tratam seus textos, aqui recortados, e como estas mulheres tem feito para produzir e dar visibilidade a seus escritos. Aliado a tudo isso perpassa um debate sobre nossa independência, aproveitando o trabalho com a palavra desenvolvido por cada escritora estudada e seu processo de produção-publicação. Para tanto, como dissemos, elegemos algumas escritoras alagoinhenses e recortes de sua produção, bem como consideramos pesquisas feitas sobre a temática e outros estudos condizentes. Nesse sentido, destacamos algumas autoras que nos ajudam na reflexão, como Schmidt (2017), Alves (2005) Lugones (2020), Santiago (2020), entre outras. Por fim, percebemos que as escritoras alagoinhenses se apropriaram da palavra e tem nos ajudado a refletir sobre formas de aprisionamento da nossa vida, bem como indicam signos de resistência que nos levam a pensar sobre a nossa real independência. Tal trabalho, construído em forma de parceria, sem contar com políticas mais específicas e sistemáticas apontam demandas e caminhos tecidos na e com a literatura, retomando memórias, histórias, outras perspectivas contra um capital-patriarcal-racista-colonial e em prol de uma reexistência.

Palavras-chave: Literatura. Produção feminina. Independência. Re-existência
How AI Assistants Could Help Answer Patients’ Messages—and Potentially Improve Their Outcomes
Authors: Abbasi Jennifer , Hswen Yulin
Published: December 2023

This Medical News article is an interview with John Ayers, PhD, MA, vice chief of innovation in the Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health at the University of California, San Diego, the lead author of a recent study on chatbot responses to patient questions.
Hydrated Eutectic Electrolyte Induced Bilayer Interphase for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries with 100 °C Wide‐Temperature Range
Authors: Wan Jiandong , Wang Rui , Liu Zixiang , Zhang Shilin , Hao Junnan , Mao Jianfeng , Li Hongbao , Chao Dongliang , Zhang Longhai , Zhang Chaofeng
Published: December 2023

The practical implementation of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) encounters challenges such as dendrite growth, parasitic reactions, and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments. Here, a novel hydrated eutectic electrolyte (HEE) composed of Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O, ethylene glycol (EG), and InCl3 solution is introduced to effectively extend the lifespan of AZIBs over a wide temperature range from −50 to 50 °C. Molecular dynamics simulations and spectroscopy analysis demonstrate that the H2O molecules are confined within the liquid eutectic network through dual‐interaction, involving coordination with Zn2+ and hydrogen bonding with EG, thus weakening the activity of free water and extending the electrochemical window. Importantly, cryo‐transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques reveal that HEE in situ forms a zincophobic/zincophilic bilayer interphase by the dissociation‐reduction of eutectic molecules. Specifically, the zincophilic interphase reduces the energy barrier for Zn nucleation, promoting uniform Zn deposition, while the zincophobic interphase prevents active water from contacting the Zn surface, thus inhibiting the side reactions. Furthermore, the relationships between the structural evolution of the liquid eutectic network and interfacial chemistry at electrode/electrolyte interphase are further discussed in this work. The scalability of this design strategy can bring benefits to AZIBs operating over a wide temperature range.
Formation of Cluster‐Structured Metallic Filaments in Organic Memristors for Wearable Neuromorphic Systems with Bio‐Mimetic Synaptic Weight Distributions
Authors: Jung Uihoon , Kim Miseong , Jang Jaewon , Bae Jin‐Hyuk , Kang In Man , Lee Sin‐Hyung
Published: December 2023

With increasing demand for wearable electronics capable of computing huge data, flexible neuromorphic systems mimicking brain functions have been receiving much attention. Despite considerable efforts in developing practical neural networks utilizing several types of flexible artificial synapses, it is still challenging to develop wearable systems for complex computations due to the difficulties in emulating continuous memory states in a synaptic component. In this study, polymer conductivity is analyzed as a crucial factor in determining the growth dynamics of metallic filaments in organic memristors. Moreover, flexible memristors with bio‐mimetic synaptic functions such as linearly tunable weights are demonstrated by engineering the polymer conductivity. In the organic memristor, the cluster‐structured filaments are grown within the polymer medium in response to electric stimuli, resulting in gradual resistive switching and stable synaptic plasticity. Additionally, the device exhibits the continuous and numerous non‐volatile memory states due to its low leakage current. Furthermore, complex hardware neural networks including ternary logic operators and a noisy image recognitions system are successfully implemented utilizing the developed memristor arrays. This promising concept of creating flexible neural networks with bio‐mimetic weight distributions will contribute to the development of a new computing architecture for energy‐efficient wearable smart electronics.
Revitalizing Chlorine–Based Batteries for Low–Cost and High–Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Yuan Bin , Xu Qiuchen , Zhao Xiaoju , Geng Shitao , Tang Shanshan , Zhang Chengxiao , Sun Hao
Published: December 2023

Rechargeable batteries with higher energy densities and sustainability have been intensively pursued in the past decades, driven by the wide applications such as electric vehicle industry and grid energy storage. As an ancient battery system born ≈140 years ago, chlorine (Cl)–based batteries have been actively revisited in recent years, because of their impressive electrochemical performance with the low–cost and sustainable features, making them highly attractive candidates for energy storage applications. In this Perspective, the historical development of Cl–based batteries is reviewed at first, focusing on the progresses in new battery chemistries enabled by various Cl–based electrolytes. An emphasis is then placed on the unique cathode and anode chemistries enabled by rational regulation of Cl–based electrolytes. At last, the challenges and prospects, particularly the obstacles for real–world applications of state–of–the–art Cl–based batteries are introduced.
Not the priciest, but the best quality: A new interpretation of high import food price in China
Authors: Sun Lin , Fang Qiaoyun , Ni Zhaofang , Reed Michael R.
Published: December 2023

Against the background of rapid increases in food imports, high food import prices have become an important issue for China. This paper first establishes the theoretical relationship between per capita income and import price, then uses a panel data fixed effect model and an instrumental variable estimation based on highly disaggregated firm‐level import data from the General Administration of Customs to analyze food import prices. This paper studies the impact of China's per capita income on the food import price and the key role of imported food quality in price formation for imported food in China. The study finds that the increase in per capita income has a significant, positive influence on the price of imported food in China, but this positive impact on the price is due to quality upgrading. The results suggest that while the increase of per capita income in China has generally pushed up import food prices, it has been mainly due to imports of higher‐quality food. There is no evidence that Chinese consumers are being fleeced by foreign exporting country or are seeking expensive products to flaunt their wealth. Chinese consumers are upgrading their diet with higher‐quality food imports. [EconLit Citations: F13, F14, Q17, Q18].
Accelerating S↔Li2S Reactions in Li–S Batteries through Activation of S/Li2S with a Bifunctional Semiquinone Catalyst
Authors: Zhu Xuebing , Bian Tengfei , Song Xiaosheng , Zheng Mengting , Shen Zhengyuan , Liu Zewen , Guo Zhijie , He Jinling , Zeng Zaiping , Bai Feng , Wen Liping , Zhang Shanqing , Lu Jun , Zhao Yong
Published: December 2023

The reaction rate bottleneck during interconversion between insulating S8 (S) and Li2S fundamentally leads to incomplete conversion and restricted lifespan of Li−S battery, especially under high S loading and lean electrolyte conditions. Herein, we demonstrate a new catalytic chemistry: soluble semiquinone, 2‐tertbutyl‐semianthraquinone lithium (Li+TBAQ⋅−), as both e‐/Li+ donor and acceptor for simultaneous S reduction and Li2S oxidation. The efficient activation of S and Li2S by Li+TBAQ⋅− in the initial discharging/charging state maximizes the amount of soluble lithium polysulfide, thereby substantially improve the rate of solid–liquid‐solid reaction by promoting long‐range electron transfer. With in situ Raman spectra and theoretical calculations, we reveal that the activation of S/Li2S is the rate‐limiting step for effective S utilization under high S loading and low E/S ratio. Beyond that, the S activation ratio is firstly proposed as an accurate indicator to quantitatively evaluate the reaction rate. As a result, the Li−S batteries with Li+TBAQ⋅− deliver superior cycling performance and over 5 times higher S utilization ratio at high S loading of 7.0 mg cm−2 and a current rate of 1 C compared to those without Li+TBAQ⋅−. We hope this study contributes to the fundamental understanding of S redox chemical and inspires the design of efficient catalysis for advanced Li−S batteries.
Ein N‐Heterozyklisches Chinodimethan: Eine starke organische Lewis‐Base mit Diradikal‐Charakter
Authors: Ariai Jama , Ziegler Maya , Würtele Christian , Gellrich Urs
Published: December 2023

Wir berichten über die Darstellung eines neuen organischen σ‐Donors mit einem C6H4‐Linker zwischen einem N‐heterozyklischen Carben (NHC) und einer exozyklischen Methylidengruppe, den wir als N‐heterozyklisches Chinodimethan (NHQ) bezeichnen. Die Aromatisierung des C6H4‐Linkers liefert eine entscheidende Triebkraft für die Reaktion des NHQs mit einem Elektrophil und macht das NHQ deutlich basischer als analoge NHCs oder N‐heterozyklische Olefine (NHOs), wie DFT‐Berechnungen und Konkurrenzexperimente zeigen. In Lösung findet beim NHQ eine unerwartete Kopf‐Kopf‐Dimerisierung unter formaler Wasserstofffreisetzung durch C−C‐Kopplung der Methylidengruppen statt. DFT‐Berechnungen zeigen, dass diese Reaktion über einen offenschaligen Singulettpfad verläuft, was auf einen diradikalischen Charakter des NHQs hinweist. Das Produkt dieser Dimerisierung kann als konjugiertes N‐heterozyklisches Bis‐Chinodimethan beschrieben werden, das laut zyklischer Voltammetrie ein starkes organisches Reduktionsmittel ist (E1/2=−1.71 V vs. Fc/Fc+) und eine bemerkenswert kleine Singulett–Triplett‐Lücke von ΔES→T=4.4 kcal mol−1 aufweist.
Precise Preparation of Triarylboron‐Based Graphdiyne Analogues for Gas Separation
Authors: Zhao Fenggui , Liao Guanming , Liu Meiyan , Wang Tao , Zhao Yingjie , Xu Jialiang , Yin Xiaodong
Published: December 2023

A series of triarylboron‐based graphdiyne analogues (TAB‐GDYs) with tunable pore size were prepared through copper mediated coupling reaction. The elemental composition, chemical bond, morphology of TAB‐GDYs were well characterized. The crystallinity was confirmed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and stacking modes were studied in combination with high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and structure simulation. The absorption and desorption isotherm revealed relatively high specific surface area of these TAB‐GDYs up to 788 m2 g−1 for TMTAB‐GDY, which decreased as pore size enlarged. TAB‐GDYs exhibit certain selectivity for CO2/N2 (21.9), CO2/CH4 (5.3), CO2/H2 (41.8) and C2H2/CO2 (2.3). This work has developed a series of boron containing two‐dimensional frameworks with clear structures and good stability, and their tunable pore sizes have laid the foundation for future applications in the gas separation field.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to HCOOH and CO by a Phosphine‐Bipyridine‐Phosphine Ir(III) Catalyst: Photophysics, Nonadiabatic Effects, Mechanism, and Selectivity
Authors: Peng Ling‐Ya , Pan Guang‐Ning , Chen Wen‐Kai , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Fang Wei‐Hai , Cui Ganglong
Published: December 2023

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is one of the best solutions to solve the global energy crisis and to realize carbon neutralization. The tetradentate phosphine‐bipyridine (bpy)‐phosphine (PNNP)‐type Ir(III) photocatalyst, Mes‐IrPCY2, was reported with a high HCOOH selectivity but the photocatalytic mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we employ electronic structure methods in combination with radiative, nonradiative, and electron transfer rate calculations, to explore the entire photocatalytic cycle to either HCOOH or CO, based on which a new mechanistic scenario is proposed. The catalytic reduction reaction starts from the generation of the precursor metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) state. Subsequently, the divergence happens from the 3MLCT state, the single electron transfer (SET) and deprotonation process lead to the formation of one‐electron‐reduced species and Ir(I) species, which initiate the reduction reaction to HCOOH and CO, respectively. Interestingly, the efficient occurrence of proton or electron transfer reduces barriers of critical steps. In addition, nonadiabatic transitions play a nonnegligible role in the cycle. We suggest a lower free‐energy barrier in the reaction‐limiting step and the very efficient SET in 3MLCT are cooperatively responsible for a high HCOOH selectivity. The gained mechanistic insights could help chemists to understand, regulate, and design photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction of similar function‐integrated molecular photocatalyst.
Synthesis, spectroscopic elucidation, density functional theory calculation, and molecular docking studies of a novel series of tetradentate macrocyclic Schiff base ligands and their Zn(II) complexes and investigations of their antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities
Authors: Mamta  , Pinki  , Chaudhary Ashu
Published: December 2023

In the present work, novel Schiff base macrocyclic Zn(II) complexes [Zn(N8O4MacL1)Cl2–Zn(N8O4MacL3)Cl2] were synthesized by the reaction of ZnCl2 and macrocyclic ligands (N8O4MacL1–N8O4MacL3) derived from the condensation of ligand (L) and dicarboxylic acids [HOOC‐(CH2)n‐COOH]. The structural confirmation of the newly synthesized compounds was accomplished through various analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), UV–visible spectroscopy, and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The spectral data provided evidence that the macrocyclic ligands acted as tetradentate ligands, forming coordination bonds with Zn(II) ions through the nitrogen atom of the imine (>C=N) group. The coordination complexes exhibited an octahedral geometry around the zinc ion, with two chloro groups covalently attached. Density functional theory (DFT) studies of the synthesized Schiff base macrocyclic compounds were carried out to determine their structural and electronic properties. The antimicrobial potential of the macrocyclic compounds was examined against a panel of pathogenic microbes, including four bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Xanthomonas campestris) and two fungal strains (Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans). Then, the newly synthesized Schiff based macrocyclic compounds were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activity using an egg albumin method. The synthesized compounds were subjected to further evaluation to assess their potential as anticancer agents against MCF‐7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line), HCT‐116 (human colon cancer cell line), and A549 (human alveolar adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line). In addition, molecular docking studies were conducted to explore the potential interactions between the synthesized compounds and the target proteins VEGFR2 (PDB ID 1YWN), EGFR (PDB ID 1M17), and DNA gyrase B (PDB ID 4URO). It was found that there was a high correlation between the experimental results and the docking calculations.
Synthesis and characterization of novel main‐chain benzoxazines containing cycloaliphatic and aliphatic structures and their thermal and dielectric properties
Authors: Xia Yiqing , Yan Shuai , Shi Rui , Liu Linze , Zhu Junlong , Zeng Yuntao , Gao Chen , Emori Wilfred , Sheng Yuping
Published: December 2023

With the rapid development of ultra‐large‐scale integrated circuits and aerospace, the demand for materials with excellent overall performances is on the rise. In this study, we have successfully synthesized novel main‐chain benzoxazine precursors ((BPA‐AD/dd1)main) containing both cycloaliphatic and aliphatic structures by employing adamantanediamine and Priamine 1074 for the first time, and their chemical structures and polymerization behaviors were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), NMR spectroscopy (1H‐NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the exothermic onset of the (BPA‐AD/dd1)main shifted to lower temperatures with an increasing molar ratio of Priamine 1074. Furthermore, the thermal properties, dielectric properties, surface hydrophobicity, and tensile properties of P(BPA‐AD/dd1)main films were explored via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measuring instrument, an impedance analyzer and universal testing machine. The molar ratio of Priamine 1074 and 1,3‐Bis(4‐anilino)‐adamantane (AD) significantly influenced the thermal properties, dielectric properties, and surface hydrophobicity of P(BPA‐AD/dd1)main. P(BPA‐AD 0.75)main exhibited a high Tg of 296.8°C, excellent dielectric properties (Dk = 2.58 and Df = 0.0055 @ 10 MHz), and large water contact angle as high as 105.8°, qualifying it as a potential candidate for interlayer materials in ultra‐large‐scale integrated circuits and resin matrix in high‐performance composites.
Shungite/poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrid hydrogels: An efficient adsorption material for rare earth metals in aqueous media
Authors: Kyshkarova Viktoriia , Behunova Dominika Marcin , Melnyk Inna , Demirel Topel Seda
Published: December 2023

Rare earth elements play a pivotal role in modern technologies, thereby driving an escalating demand for their procurement. To effectively extract these elements from aqueous solutions, it is imperative to explore innovative sorbent materials. In this context, a hydrogel sorbent material was developed by employing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and shungite—an economical, naturally occurring, easily processable, and sustainable material. This was achieved through the freezing–thawing method, employing sodium borate as a crosslinking agent. The physicochemical characteristics of the hydrogels were determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, Zetasizer analysis, and elemental analysis. The shungite‐incorporated PVA hydrogels displayed notable characteristics, including a substantial swelling capacity of 61% and a specific surface area of 32.8 m2/g. Most significantly, these hydrogels exhibited a remarkable affinity for La3+ ions, with an uptake ratio of 134 mg/g. This was followed by Nd3+, Dy3+, and Er3+ ions, which displayed uptake ratios of 79, 74, and 73 mg/g, respectively.
Combating DC‐SIGN‐mediated SARS‐CoV‐2 dissemination by glycan‐mimicking polymers
Authors: Cramer Jonathan , Jiang Xiaohua , Aliu Butrint , Ernst Beat
Published: December 2023

Many viruses exploit the human C‐type lectin receptor dendritic cell‐specific ICAM‐3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC‐SIGN) for cell entry and virus dissemination. An inhibition of DC‐SIGN‐mediated virus attachment by glycan‐derived ligands has, thus, emerged as a promising strategy toward broad‐spectrum antiviral therapeutics. In this contribution, several cognate fragments of oligomannose‐ and complex‐type glycans grafted onto a poly‐l‐lysine scaffold are evaluated as polyvalent DC‐SIGN ligands. The range of selected carbohydrate epitopes encompasses linear (α‐
d‐Man‐(1→2)‐α‐
d‐Man, α‐
d‐Man‐(1→2)‐α‐
d‐Man‐(1→2)‐α‐
d‐Man‐(1→3)‐α‐
d‐Man) and branched (α‐
d‐Man‐(1→6)‐[α‐
d‐Man‐(1→3)]‐α‐
d‐Man) oligomannosides, as well as α‐
l‐Fuc. The thermodynamics of binding are investigated on a mono‐ and multivalent level to shed light on the molecular details of the interactions with the tetravalent receptor. Cellular models of virus attachment and DC‐SIGN‐mediated virus dissemination reveal a high potency of the presented glycopolymers in the low pico‐ and nanomolar ranges, respectively. The high activity of oligomannose epitopes in combination with the biocompatible properties of the poly‐
l‐lysine scaffold highlights the potential for further preclinical development of polyvalent DC‐SIGN ligands.
The branch‐cut quantum gravity with a self‐coupling inflation scalar field: The wave function of the Universe
Authors: Weber Fridolin , Hess Peter O. , Bodmann Benno , de Freitas Pacheco José , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Netz‐Marzola Marcelo , Naysinger Geovane , Razeira Moisés , Zen Vasconcellos César A.
Published: December 2023

This paper focuses on the implications of a commutative formulation that integrates branch‐cutting cosmology, the Wheeler–DeWitt equation, and Hořava–Lifshitz quantum gravity. Building on a mini‐superspace structure, we explore the impact of an inflaton‐type scalar field on the wave function of the Universe. Specifically analyzing the dynamical solutions of branch‐cut gravity within a mini‐superspace framework, we emphasize the scalar field's influence on the evolution of the evolution of the wave function of the Universe. Our research unveils a helix‐like function that characterizes a topologically foliated spacetime structure. The starting point is the Hořava–Lifshitz action, which depends on the scalar curvature of the branched Universe and its derivatives, with running coupling constants denoted as . The corresponding wave equations are derived and are resolved. The commutative quantum gravity approach preserves the diffeomorphism property of General Relativity, maintaining compatibility with the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner formalism. Additionally, we delve into a mini‐superspace of variables, incorporating scalar‐inflaton fields and exploring inflationary models, particularly chaotic and nonchaotic scenarios. We obtained solutions for the wave equations without recurring to numerical approximations.
Tin Modified Carbon Nanofibers as an Effective Catalytic Electrode for Bromine Redox Reactions in Static Zinc‐bromine Batteries
Authors: Rana Masud , Stoppiello Craig T. , He Qiu , Peng Xiyue , Alghamdi Norah , Huang Yongxin , Gentle Ian R. , Luo Bin
Published: December 2023

Zinc‐bromine batteries (ZBBs) have emerged as a compelling solution for large‐scale energy storage, yet they confront significant technical challenges impeding widespread commercialization. The electrochemical processes within ZBBs rely on a stoichiometric mechanism, where the bromine reaction at the cathode drives the zinc plating reaction on the anode. However, the sluggish electrochemical kinetics of Br2/Br− redox reactions lead to substantial electrochemical polarization, resulting in interruptions in zinc plating and significant voltage losses in ZBBs. This study introduces a new solution to address these challenges by leveraging carbon nanofiber decorated with tin nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst. The catalyst serves to enhance the Br2/Br– redox reaction, effectively reducing voltage losses in ZBBs. When implemented in static ZBB configurations, the Sn/CNF catalysts demonstrate exceptional long‐term stability, achieving an impressive 3000 cycles with minimal voltage loss. In contrast, ZBBs utilizing SnO2 based catalysts experience a substantially higher voltage loss of 736 mV, along with limited and unstable cycling performance. These findings signify a promising approach for the development of catalytic electrodes, paving the way for high‐performance ZBBs with improved efficiency and cycling durability.
Path‐Dependent Ageing of Lithium‐ion Batteries and Implications on the Ageing Assessment of Accelerated Ageing Tests
Authors: Rogge Marcel , Jossen Andreas
Published: December 2023

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Andreas Jossen from the Technical University of Munich. The cover picture shows an illustration of the path‐dependent ageing of lithium‐ion batteries. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202300313.
Glycerol and glucose co‐fermentation by 1,3‐propanediol producer Limosilactobacillus reuteri: A kinetic study of batch and continuous cultivations
Authors: Avilez Leonardo A. C. , Vieira Paula B. , Bresciani Antonio E. , Perpetuo Elen A. , Nascimento Claudio A. O. , Alves Rita M. B.
Published: December 2023

The conversion of glycerol into 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) has gained significant attention as a sustainable pathway within the biodiesel production chain. Limosilactobacillus reuteri, a bacterium capable of efficiently converting glycerol to 1,3‐PDO, holds promise for this application. In industrial biotechnology, the development of kinetic models is important for bioreactor design, process analysis and scalability, supporting the advancement of biorefineries and the bioeconomy. This study focuses on investigating the kinetics of co‐fermentation of glucose and glycerol by L. reuteri, utilizing data from previous batch culture experiments. Three different models were evaluated for these batch runs, and the parameters were adjusted using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm in conjunction with an integration method. The results from these previous batch experiments indicate that pH did not significantly influence the specific growth rate of the bacterium. However, as expected, reducing the temperature from 37 to 30°C resulted in a 60% reduction in the growth rate. Moreover, continuous co‐fermentation experiments were conducted, and a simple kinetic model was proposed. The advantage of the continuous process is that the productivity of 1,3‐PDO is 3.5 times higher compared with co‐fermentation in batch mode. Notably, this study represents the first attempt to model continuous co‐fermentation under a range of dilution rates (0.25–0.9 h−1), identifying a dilution rate of 0.5 h−1 as the optimal condition to produce 1,3‐PDO, considering productivity and substrate conversion. The findings of this research contribute valuable insights for future investigations on the viability of 1,3‐PDO production from glycerol, particularly within the context of waste valorization.
Comprehensive analysis of clinical prognosis and biological significance of CNIH4 in cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Wang Shudan , Wang Junli , Huang Jingjing , Lu Haishan , Pan Bin , Pan Hanyi , Song Yanlun , Deng Qianqian , Jin Xiaojun , Shi Guiling
Published: December 2023

Background

Cornichon homolog 4 (CNIH4) belongs to the CNIH family. It functions as an oncogene in many tumors. However, CNIH4's significance in the immune landscape and its predictive potential in cervical cancer (CESC) is unexplored.

Methods

CNIH4 levels and its effect on the survival of patients with CESC were evaluated using data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The oncogenic effect of CNIH4 in CESC was determined using small interfering RNA‐mediated transfected cell lines and tumorigenesis experiments in animal models.

Results

Higher expression of CNIH4 was found in advanced tumor and pathological stages, as well as lymph node metastasis. CNIH4 expression correlated positively with the infiltration of macrophages M2 and resting dendritic cells into the affected tissue. Additionally, functional enrichment of RNA‐sequencing of CNIH4‐knocked down CESC cell lines showed the association of CNIH4 to the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. Single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis highlighted several immune pathways that were elevated in the CESC samples with enhanced levels of CNIH4, including Type‐I and Type‐II IFN‐response pathways. The impact of CNIH4 on drug sensitivity was further assessed using the GDSC database. As CNIH4 is linked to the immune landscape in CESC, this study determined a four‐gene risk prediction signature utilizing CNIH4‐related immunomodulators. The risk score quantified from the prediction signature was an independent predictive indicator in CESC. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis verified the good predictive ability of the four‐gene signature in TCGA‐CESC cohort. Thus, the CNIH4‐related model showed potential as an auxiliary TNM staging system tool.

Conclusion

CNIH4 may be an effective predictive biomarker for patients with cervical cancer, thus providing new ideas and research directions for CESC.
Broadening Applicability of the Poor Academic's Method for Reversing Polarity in Redox Flow Cell Cycling
Authors: Marin‐Tajadura Gimena , Sánchez‐Díez Eduardo , Ruiz Virginia , Ventosa Edgar
Published: December 2023

The use of symmetrical cells is becoming popular for the search of new electroactive materials in redox flow batteries. Unfortunately, low‐cost battery cyclers, commonly used for electrochemical battery testing, are not compatible with symmetrical cells since they usually cannot apply negative bias voltages needed for symmetrical cells. The insertion of a Ni−Cd battery in the voltage sensing path is a simple and effective methodology to overcome this limitation for certain battery cyclers. Herein, the validity of this useful method is evaluated for other battery cyclers, realizing that the strategy is not universal. A modified methodology is developed for a battery cycler in which the previous method is not valid. The new strategy is based on inserting a Ni‐MH battery in the current path, and enables using a low‐cost Neware CT‐4008T‐5V6A‐S1 cycler for ferro‐ /ferricyanide symmetrical cells demonstrating proper operation for >19 days. This new method possesses advantages, e. g. direct reading of the cell voltage, and disadvantages, e. g. the Ni‐MH battery is charged/discharged during operation, which are discussed. The four battery cyclers evaluated show that, despite neither method is universal, both methods are complementary to each other. Thus, the decision of using either one method or the other must be reached on a case‐by‐case basis.
Autocatalysis in Eschenmoser Coupling Reactions
Authors: Duez Quentin , Marek Lukáš , Váňa Jiří , Hanusek Jiří , Roithová Jana
Published: December 2023

The Eschenmoser coupling reaction (ECR) of thioamides with electrophiles is believed to proceed via thiirane intermediates. However, little is known about converting the intermediates into ECR products. Previous mechanistic studies involved external thiophiles to remove the sulfur atom from the intermediates. In this work, an ECR proceeding without any thiophilic agent or base is studied by electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry. ESI‐MS enables the detection of the so‐far elusive polysulfide species Sn, with n ranging from 2 to 16 sulfur atoms, proposed to be the key species leading to product formation. Integrating observations from ion mobility spectrometry, ion spectroscopy, and reaction monitoring via flow chemistry coupled with mass spectrometry provides a comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanism and uncovers the autocatalytic nature of the ECR reaction.