bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Cumulative Effective Stream Power on Scour Depth Prediction Around Bridge Piers in Cohesive Bed Sediments
Authors: Mahalder Badal , Schwartz John S. , Palomino Angelica M. , Zirkle Jon
Published: February 2024

Streambed scour in cohesive sediment is complex because erosion processes depend on the physical, geochemical, and biological properties of the sediment. The scouring processes can also be characterized as a slow fatigue phenomenon. Therefore, repetitive hydraulic loadings from multiple stormflow events are likely necessary for equilibrium scour depths to develop in cohesive sediment compared with non-cohesive sediment. Cumulative effective stream power, which is a surrogate measure of effective stream power duration, showed a significant relation with scour development and propagation in cohesive sediments around bridge piers, where results from this study identified a statistically significant correlation between cumulative effective stream power and the observed scour depths around different bridge piers ( R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001). However, some localized and site-specific variations were observed. It was also observed that scour depth development in cohesive soil appeared to be dependent on effective shear duration, rather than the number of flow events above erosion threshold values. In addition, the relationship between an erodibility index ( K) and critical stream power showed a significant statistical correlation ( R2 = 0.61, p = 0.017). Results from this study deviated from the Annandale empirical relationship for sediments when K < 0.1. This finding supports that site-specific critical stream power should be measured using an empirical relationship for cohesive bed sediments to predict scour depths.
Enhancing oil–water emulsion separation via synergistic filtration using graphene oxide–silver oxide nanocomposite-embedded polyethersulfone membrane
Authors: Goyat Rohit , Singh Joginder , Umar Ahmad , Saharan Yajvinder , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Akbar Sheikh , Baskoutas Sotirios
Published: February 2024

This study introduces an innovative approach for enhancing oil–water emulsion separation using a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane embedded with a nanocomposite of graphene oxide (GO) and silver oxide (AgO). The composite membrane, incorporating PES and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), demonstrates improved hydrophilicity, structural integrity and resistance to fouling. Physicochemical characterization confirms successful integration of GO and AgO, leading to increased tensile strength, porosity and hydrophilicity. Filtration tests reveal substantial improvements in separating various oils from contaminated wastewater, with the composite membrane exhibiting superior efficiency and reusability compared to pristine PES membranes. This research contributes to the development of environmentally friendly oil–water separation methods with broad industrial applications.
Nonlinear dynamical characteristics of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite beams with piezoelectric actuators and elastically restrained ends under thermo-electro-mechanical loads
Authors: Thinh Nguyen Van , Tung Hoang Van
Published: February 2024

Nonlinear free vibration and dynamical responses of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced composite beams with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers and tangentially restrained ends under thermo-electro-mechanical loads are investigated in this paper. The properties of constitutive materials are assumed to be temperature-dependent and effective properties of nanocomposite are estimated using an extended rule of mixture. Unlike previous studies, the present work considers the effects of tangentially elastic constraints of two ends on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of hybrid beams. Motion equation is established within the framework of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory taking into account von Kármán nonlinearity. Analytical solution is assumed to satisfy simply supported boundary conditions and Galerkin procedure is employed to obtain a time ordinary differential equation including both quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms. This differential equation is numerically solved employing fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme to determine the frequencies of nonlinear free vibration and nonlinear transient response. Parametric studies are executed to examine numerous influences on the nonlinear dynamical characteristics of hybrid nanocomposite beams. The study reveals that tangential constraints of ends substantially effect the frequencies and dynamic response of the beam, especially at elevated temperatures. The results also indicate that nonlinear dynamic responses can be controlled effectively by means of piezoelectric actuators and elasticity of tangential constraints of ends should be considered in design of piezo-CNTRC beams.
Predictive analysis of the precision remaining useful life of CNC machine tools based on meta-action unit
Authors: Li Junfa , Gu Minghui , Li Yulong , Wen Shutao , Zhang Genbao
Published: February 2024

Taking into consideration the dynamic characteristics of motion error propagation in CNC machine tools, in order to enhance the accuracy of PRUL (precision remaining useful life) prediction analysis, this paper presents a precision degradation modeling approach based on MAU (meta-action unit) for CNC machine tools. Firstly, from the perspective of motion, the CNC machine tool is divided into the smallest unit by the decomposition of FMA (Function-Motion-Action). Secondly, the MBS (multi-body systems) theory is used to topologically describe the motion relationship between the MAU, and the spinor theory is used to model the motion error. Thirdly, considering the influence of multiple error sources on the PRUL of the CNC machine tool MAU, the motion transmission ratio is used to synthesize multiple error sources, and combined with the constructed error model, the precision degradation model of MAU is constructed, and its PRUL is accurately predicted. Finally, the CNC turntable is selected as the experimental subject to compare the proposed method with commonly used methods in terms of rationality, applicability, and simplicity, and the results verify the applicability and correctness of the method proposed in this paper.
Revisiting the degree of quick-return of the linkage considering programmable input for contemporary mechanical systems
Authors: Chen Hao , Guo Weizhong , Weng Zhenghao , Chen Jiayu
Published: February 2024

Starting from the programmable motion performance of modern actuation technology, this study elucidates that the degree of quick-return in a mechanical system is no longer entirely dependent on mechanism design. A theoretical framework is proposed for analyzing and synthesizing the degree of quick-return in contemporary mechanical systems based on time efficiency. This study adopts a functional perspective, first extending the traditional definition describing the degree of quick-return mechanism to encompass broader mechanical systems. Subsequently, we present a general formula for calculating the time-ratio and travel velocity-ratio coefficients under contemporary technological conditions, supported by a detailed mathematical derivation. Finally, a corresponding procedure is established for analyzing and synthesizing the degree of quick-return in a mechanical system, fostering improved collaboration between managers and designers. Case studies demonstrate that designers can achieve the desired degree of quick-return in mechanical systems and robots by leveraging time efficiency. The theoretical framework introduced in this paper is versatile and can benefit various industries, notably the field of robotics. This broadens the applicability of the degree of quick-return concept, marking a significant advancement in enhancing the time efficiency of mechanical systems.
Research on heat transfer property of air-air micro channel evaporator
Authors: Sun Xuanyi , Wu Zhe , Li Jing , Zhao Xiaobao , Shang Yuhe , Li Qihe
Published: February 2024

Heat exchanger with air-air micro channel is widely used in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industries due to its excellent energy saving and low cost. Recent researches on the air-air micro channel has achieved some available correlations to solve heat transfer coefficient in the channel. However, the available correlations cannot correspond our heat exchanger because the heat transfer for two-phase flow in the micro channel is complex. In this paper, we manufactured an evaporator with the aluminum micro channel heat exchanger and tested its heat transfer efficiency. The heat exchanger, which was filled with R32 as the working fluid, was characterized with the liquid filling ratio [Formula: see text] ranging from 0.21 to 0.61. We also investigated the thermal performance of the heat exchanger under various temperature differences of the cold and hot air inlets, which ranges from 3°C to 21°C. The experimental results show that the internal boiling heat transfer coefficient increases first and then decreases, with the increasing of liquid filling ratio and the increasing of temperature. On basis of the experimental data, we obtained a new correlation associating with the liquid filling ratio and the temperature difference, which can be used to predict the heat transfer coefficient in the channel. Comparing the predicted value from our correlation with the experimental data, around 88% experimental data falls in the ±15% error bands and the mean absolute error is 7.91%.
Research progress and development trend of flexible hand rehabilitation gloves
Authors: Tang Dedong , Qi Lingzhi , Xiao Limei , Zhang Yongde
Published: February 2024

The flexible hand rehabilitation glove is proposed to solve the problems of long rehabilitation training time for patients and high workload for doctors, and to make the treatment more effective. With the advances in robotics, robotic-assisted therapy has developed rapidly and has become an essential complement to conventional treatment. To understand flexible hand rehabilitation glove devices, with the different construction types of actuators and drive methods as the mainline, the corresponding study of these structures as the auxiliary lines. The characteristics and the current state of research have been discussed. A brief introduction to manufacturing actuators and rehabilitation systems is also given. Through the analysis of hand rehabilitation gloves, some current advantages and disadvantages are summarized, and future directions and functional diversification are envisaged. Certain feasible research suggestions have been proposed for future development regarding structure, functional diversity, and a combination of driving methods. These include that there will be more combinations of pneumatic and motor driven, combining the advantages of both methods to overcome the disadvantages of each. The structural design will be more in line with anatomy and ergonomics, make it more esthetically pleasing. More innovative controls methods will be adopted to achieve more complex rehabilitation functions.
A rail fastener defect detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5
Authors: Wang Ling , Zang Qiuyu , Zhang Kehua , Wu Lintong
Published: February 2024

Being a crucial component of railway tracks, monitoring the health condition of fasteners stands as a critical aspect within the realm of railroad track management, ensuring the normal passage of trains. However, traditional track fastener detection methods mainly use artificial checks, giving rise to challenges encompassing reduced efficiency, safety hazards, and poor detection accuracy. Consequently, we introduce an innovative model for the detection of track fastener defects, termed YOLOv5-CGBD. In this study, we first imbue the backbone network with the CBAM attention mechanism, which elevates the network’s emphasis on pertinent feature extraction within defective regions. Subsequently, we replace the standard convolutional blocks in the neck network with the GSConv convolutional module, achieving a delicate balance between the model’s accuracy and computational speed. Augmenting our model’s capacities for efficient feature map fusion and reorganization across diverse scales, we integrate the weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN). Ultimately, we manipulate a lightweight decoupled head structure, which improves both detection precision and model robustness. Concurrently, to enhance the model’s performance, a data augmentation strategy is employed. The experimental findings testify to the YOLOv5-CGBD model’s ability to conduct real-time detection, with mAP0.5 scores of 0.971 and 0.747 for mAP0.5:0.95, surpassing those of the original YOLOv5 model by 2.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Furthermore, we undertake a comparative assessment, contrasting the proposed methodology with alternative approaches. The experimental outcomes manifest that the YOLOv5-CGBD model exhibits the most exceptional comprehensive detection performance while concurrently maintaining a high processing speed.
‘Never have they had any chance to spread their wings’: The construction of agency and socio-gender identity of Iranian women
Authors: Basarati Ali , Kazemian Reza
Published: February 2024

This paper intends to study how the agency and social-gender identity of Iranian women are constructed through social-cultural-political structures. To this end, we conducted 35 semi-structured interviews with Iranian citizens, both men and women in the context of the Zan-Zendegi-Azadi (Women-Life-Freedom) movement in Iran. This study is grounded upon the main tenets of Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA), seeking to give voice to the oppressed and minorities and reverberate the alternatives to make the world a better place. Findings suggest that certain suppressive social-political-cultural structures in the course of history have largely confined women’s agency in practising their fundamental civil rights and have given them a subordinate position in society, thereby preventing them from constructing independent social-gender identity and status both at social and familial terrains. Analyses also indicated that such structures are constructed and naturalised in the course of history with political systems buttressing domination over women.
Transfer of near infrared calibration for gasoline octane number based on screening consistent wavelengths combined with direct standardization algorithm
Authors: Honghong Wang , Hui Yuan , Zhixin Xiong
Published: February 2024

In order to share multivariate calibration models of gasoline research octane number between different near infrared spectrometers, a novel calibration transfer method, namely combination of screening consistent wavelengths and direct standardization (SWCSS-DS) was proposed. Firstly, screening wavelengths with consistent and stable signals (SWCSS) between instruments was used to select the wavelengths with best stability, and then direct standardization (DS) further corrected the systematic errors that still exist after the SWCSS was implemented. The spectra of 120 standard gasoline samples collected on two near infrared spectrometers of the same type were investigated in detail to verify the validity of the new algorithm. Compared results of other transfer methods such as SWCSS, Slope/Bias (S/B), direct standardisation (DS), and piecewise direct standardization (PDS), the root mean squared error for prediction (RMSEP) of SWCSS-DS algorithm for target samples was decreased from 5.75 to 0.295, and the Akaike information criterion value decreased from 1516 to 640, which were better than those of the SWCSS, S/B, DS and PDS algorithms. Therefore, the joint algorithm of SWCSS-DS has not only improved the universality of the master model, but also reduced the dimension of the spectral matrix and calibration equation, that would provide a more efficient model transfer strategy for the practical applications.
Stability and Change of Personal Value in South Korean Adolescents: The Effect of Social Networks
Authors: Kim Kyeong-Jun , Lee Yun-Suk
Published: February 2024

Adolescence is a period of life when an individual’s values become differentiated. Moreover, social networks undergo changes throughout the school years, making this a suitable research area for confirming the effect of network composition on the formation of human values. In this study, we examined the stability and change of values among Korean adolescents, while assessing the influence of one’s social network on the importance and change of values. Our findings reveal that the importance of conservation values among Korean teenagers increases during mid-late adolescence, and that the self-transcendence value is a settled disposition. We argue that these changes arise from a specific social structure and culture in South Korea, where children assume adult roles at an earlier age. In addition, the structural equation model revealed that social support enhances individuals’ prosocial and post-materialistic values. Consequently, this research significantly contributes to the academic discourse by confirming the stability and changes in personal values during adolescence, while also considering the impact of social factors.
Recognition at the corporate celebration of Christmas: Freezing the postsocialist gender regime
Authors: Hidegh Anna Laura , Primecz Henriett
Published: February 2024

This article critically examines the perpetuation of gender regimes within postsocialist Europe by analyzing how organizational recognition is performed as part of the corporate celebration of Christmas. A critical ethnography was conducted at a male-dominated company in postsocialist Hungary. The article’s findings align with three corporate Christmas scenes: the company owner’s speech, an award ceremony for families, and an award ceremony for the best employee. This study contributes to critical organization studies by advancing an understanding of the postsocialist gender regime and those ideological forms of recognition that invisibly reproduce it through the seemingly innocent practices of Christmas celebrations. Furthermore, by providing a critical reconceptualization of workplace familism as an ideology, it is argued that it is a central and distinctive element of the gendered subtext of this particular postsocialist gender regime. Ultimately, three different and ritualized forms of pathological recognition (misrecognition, overidentification and reification) are identified, claiming to be constitutive of individual gender identity regulation and extending socioideological control beyond the boundaries of the organization.
Paramagnetic rim lesions predict greater long-term relapse rates and clinical progression over 10 years
Authors: Reeves Jack A , Mohebbi Maryam , Wicks Taylor , Salman Fahad , Bartnik Alexander , Jakimovski Dejan , Bergsland Niels , Schweser Ferdinand , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Dwyer Michael G , Zivadinov Robert
Published: February 2024

Background:

Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) have been linked to higher clinical disease severity and relapse frequency. However, it remains unclear whether PRLs predict future, long-term disease progression.

Objectives:

The study aimed to assess whether baseline PRLs were associated with subsequent long-term (10 years) Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) increase and relapse frequency and, if so, whether PRL-associated EDSS increase was mediated by relapse.

Methods:

This retrospective analysis included 172 people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) with 1868 yearly clinical visits over a mean follow-up time of 10.2 years. 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired at baseline and PRLs were assessed on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) images. The associations between PRLs, relapse, and rate of EDSS change were assessed using linear models.

Results:

PRL+ pwMS had greater overall annual relapse rate (β = 0.068; p = 0.010), three times greater overall odds of relapse (exp(β) = 3.472; p = 0.009), and greater rate of yearly EDSS change (β = 0.045; p = 0.010) than PRL− pwMS. Greater PRL number was associated with greater odds of at least one progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) episode over follow-up (exp(β) = 1.171, p = 0.009). Mediation analysis showed that the association between PRL presence (yes/no) and EDSS increase was 96.7% independent of relapse number.

Conclusion:

PRLs are a marker of aggressive ongoing disease inflammatory activity, including more frequent future clinical relapses and greater long-term, relapse-independent disability progression.
The Perceptions of Prostitution, Sex Work, and Sex Trafficking among Young People in Spain
Authors: Meneses-Falcón Carmen , Rúa-Vieites Antonio , García-Vázquez Olaya
Published: February 2024

This article analyses the viewpoints of Spanish youth regarding prostitution, sex workers, and their opinions on what the law surrounding sex work should be. Spain is currently in the grip of a great debate, tending to adopt the punishment of sex buyers. To investigate this issue, 3126 young participants aged 16–30 were surveyed through an online questionnaire in December 2020, which consisted of 21 questions. A factor analysis revealed three distinct perceptions of prostitution falling into three categories: ‘As a choice’ (22.8%), ‘as coercive’ (27.9%), and ‘as economic necessity’ (49.3%). Correspondingly, the legal positions on prostitution varied depending on the perceptions of paid sex: viewing prostitution ‘as coercive’ was associated with the criminalisation of prostitution, while considering sex work ‘as a choice’ was related to the regulation of prostitution. In conclusion, the young Spaniards surveyed do not consider all those who offer paid sex as victims of trafficking; instead, they differentiate based on the connection between trafficking and the sex industry. These diverse perceptions contribute to policy recommendations aimed at preventing the negative consequences of prostitution, implementing harm reduction measures to safeguard sex workers, and moving beyond dichotomous policies of criminalization and regulation.
Changes and stagnation in contemporary racial stereotypes
Authors: Ash Tory L. , Scott Katharine E. , Bruun Megan , Devine Patricia G.
Published: February 2024

Generations of researchers have studied the extent to which the content and consistency of stereotypes about Black people have changed over time. At best, the evidence is mixed with some findings suggesting changes in stereotypes and other evidence suggesting that, though belief in stereotypes changed for some people, stereotypes remain negative. Our study adds to the literature by evaluating participants’ stereotype knowledge and personal beliefs about Black people, aligning with recommended practices by Devine and Elliot. Our data reveal a shift in stereotype content overall and greater heterogeneity in trait selections among participants with egalitarian values. However, stereotypes regarding Black people are, if anything, more negative in the present study than in prior research. The stubbornness of valence to change is concerning and reaffirms the need to focus research efforts on improving individuals’ ability to regulate their expression of stereotypes to prevent them from affecting their treatment of others.
Simulation and experimental study on contact pressure distribution of contact interface in single and double bolted connection structures
Authors: Xie Jingsong , Lu Zhengjie , Cao Jianbin , Guo Zhibin , Kang Xiao , Zhang Zhikang , Wang Tiantian
Published: February 2024

Bolted joints play an important role in aerospace, machinery manufacturing, weapons and other fields, and the contact pressure distribution at the connection interface seriously affects the service performance of the bolts. Contact pressure analysis is an essential basis and reference for structural design, calibration, inspection, and safety monitoring of bolted connection structures. Considering the preload force and frictional contact between the joint components, a block mapping hexahedron mesh generation and finite element modeling method for bolted connections is presented, and the finite element models of single and double bolted structures are constructed. Then, an experimental test platform for measuring contact pressure distribution is constructed. Comparison of finite element analysis results with experimental results for the contact pressure distribution in the single and double-bolted joints; the root mean squared error of contact pressure distribution is less than 5%, which verifies the effectiveness of the finite element models. After that, the models are used to study the contact pressure distribution in single-bolted joints and contact pressure coupling effect of double-bolted joints, and the normal stress distribution features within members and contact pressure distribution contour are revealed for single and double-bolted joint. Finally, the finite element models are adopted to investigate the effects of the clamping length, preload, material properties, hole clearance, and bolt size on contact pressure distribution in single-bolted joints. The coupling effect of contact pressure distribution in double-bolted joints under different preloads and geometric parameters are also examined.
Assessing effectiveness of WhatsApp messaging program in oral hygiene care for orthodontic patients: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pubalan Shivahami , Zi Hong Ooi , Yongxian Teh , Mabel Low
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the difference in the oral hygiene status of participants with fixed appliances between a ‘weekly WhatsApp application oral hygiene message reminders’ trial group and a ‘verbal instructions’ control group over a follow-up duration of 12 weeks.

Design:

Prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1 over a 12-week follow-up.

Setting:

Government Orthodontic Unit, Raub Dental Clinic, Raub, Pahang, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.

Participants:

A total of 40 patients aged 13–25 years undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

Methods:

The 40 patients were recruited and randomly allocated to a control (n = 20) or trial group (n = 20). Participants in the trial group received weekly oral hygiene reminders via the WhatsApp application for 12 weeks, while the control group did not receive any reminders. The primary outcome was oral hygiene, which was measured by the single-blinded examiner using the Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI) at three orthodontic check-ups: baseline (T0); 6-week follow-up (T1); and 12-week follow-up (T2).

Results:

The mean age of participants was 17 years, and 80% were female. At the end of the 12-week follow-up, improvements in OPI scores were observed, regardless of the intervention. At T2, the median OPI score for the trial group (n = 20) was 0 (interquartile range [IQR = 0) while that for the control group (n = 20) was 2 (IQR = 0). A Mann–Whitney U test revealed a statistically significant difference ( P <0.05), with effect size r = 0.87 between the control and trial groups, whereby the latter witnessed marked improvement in OPI throughout the visits. No harms or adverse effects occurred in this trial.

Conclusion:

The short-term findings demonstrated that participants receiving regular reminders of oral hygiene via WhatsApp messaging had a significant improvement in oral hygiene compared to the control group.
‘Enjoyers’, ‘seekers’ and ‘vacationers’. Proposal for a typology of motorhome travellers in Europe
Authors: Marques João Filipe , Rodrigues Teresa Isabel
Published: February 2024

Motorhoming consists of a way of travelling in vehicles that incorporate a living space. These vehicles usually include a sleeping area, a kitchen, a dining area and, in some cases, a bathroom and shower. People who travel in motorhomes choose a type of tourism that does not rely on traditional touristic infrastructures. They sleep in their own beds, cook their own food and can be self-sufficient and independent for several days without interacting with the rest of society. The main objective of this article is to propose a typology of European motorhome travellers, taking the Algarve region (in southern Portugal) as a case study. Previous investigations conducted in other regions of the world have proposed some typologies of motorhome travellers, but the sociocultural contexts where they were elaborated are very different from the European reality, namely from the studied region. Contrasting with the previous typologies, which used only one or two characteristics of the motorhomers, the proposed typology combines their objective attributes with their subjective discourses about the trip. The three resulting types were designated as ‘enjoyers’, ‘seekers’ and ‘vacationers’.
Weakly supervised crack segmentation using crack attention networks on concrete structures
Authors: Mishra Anoop , Gangisetti Gopinath , Eftekhar Azam Yashar , Khazanchi Deepak
Published: February 2024

Crack detection or segmentation on concrete structures is a vital process in structural health monitoring (SHM). Though supervised machine learning techniques have gained tremendous success in this domain, data collection and annotation continue to be challenging. Image data collection is challenging, tedious, and laborious, including accessing representative datasets and manually labeling training data in the SHM domain. According to the literature, there are significant issues with the hand-annotation of image data. To address this gap, this paper proposes a two-stage weakly supervised learning framework utilizing a novel “crack attention network (CrANET)” with attention mechanism to detect and segment cracks on images with no human annotations in pixel-level labels. This framework classifies concrete surface images into crack or no-cracks and then uses gradient class activation mapping visualization to generate crack segmentation. Professionals and domain experts subsequently evaluate these segmentation results via a human expert validation study. As the literature suggests that weakly supervised learning is a limited practice in SHM, this research title will motivate researchers in SHM to research and develop a weakly supervised learning approach processing as state of the art.
Research on fabric defect detection method based on lightweight network
Authors: Kang Xuejuan
Published: February 2024

Due to the complexity of fabric texture, the diversity of defect types and the high real-time requirements of textile enterprises, fabric defect detection is faced with considerable challenges. At present, fabric defect detection algorithms based on deep learning have achieved good results, but there are still some key problems to be solved. Firstly, due to the complex construction of deep learning models and high network complexity, it is difficult to meet the real-time requirements of industrial sites, which limits its application in industrial sites. Secondly, in the face of textile enterprises’ requirements for detection accuracy, how to achieve fabric defect detection through a simpler network model, so as to better balance the accuracy and complexity of deep learning models is a major challenge for textile enterprises and academic researchers. In order to solve these problems, a fabric defect detection method based on lightweight network is proposed in this paper. This method takes lightweight network YOLOv5s model as the infrastructure, integrates Convolution Block Attention Module and Feature Enhancement Module in Backbone part and Neck part respectively, and modifies the loss function of YOLOv5s to CIoU_Loss. Compared with the original YOLOv5s, it makes up for the lack of information extraction ability of the network, improves the speed of model inference and the speed and accuracy of prediction box regression. It provides technical support for the application of lightweight network model in industrial field. The performance of the model is tested by using raw fabric and patterned fabric data sets on the deep learning workstation platform. The experimental results show that when the IoU threshold is 0.5, the mean Accuracy Precision mAP of raw fabric and pattern fabric is 86.4% and 75.8%, respectively, which increases by 7.6% and 1.7% compared with the original YOLOv5s algorithm. The average detection speed is as high as 102 FPS, which can meet the real-time requirement of industrial field target detection.
Adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries: advances and current updates
Authors: Goubier Jean-Noel , Battiston Bruno , Casanas Joaquim , Quick Tom
Published: February 2024

Nerve grafting, tendon transfer and joint fusion are routinely used to improve the upper limb function in patients with brachial plexus palsies. Newer techniques have been developed that provide additional options for reconstruction. Nerve transfer is a tool for restoring upper limb function in total root avulsions where nerve grafting is not possible. In partial brachial plexus injuries, nerve transfers can greatly improve shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand function. Intraoperative electrical stimulation can be used to diagnose precisely which nerve is injured and to choose which nerve fascicles should be transferred. Finally, measuring the postoperative outcome can improve the evaluation of our techniques. The aim of this article was to present the current techniques used to treat patients with brachial plexus injury.
Extension block pinning for chronic volar base fractures of the middle phalanges
Authors: Razavipour Mehran , Ghaffari Salman , Dehghan Mojtaba
Published: February 2024

Due to the simplicity, low cost and benefit of avoiding long-term joint immobilization, extension block pinning could be a suitable option for treating the volar base fractures of the middle phalanges. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of using extension block pinning in chronic volar base fractures of the middle phalanges. In total, 26 patients with chronic closed volar base fractures of the middle phalanges were included our study. The mean age was 37 years (SD 11.59), and the mean follow-up time was 35 months (SD 19.41). The mean active range of motion (ROM) after surgery was 93° (SD 12.9). There was a negative correlation between the age and the ROM of the injured proximal interphalangeal joint after surgery. ROM did not correlate with the articular surface involvement or the interval between injury and surgery. We obtained a satisfactory result from extension block pinning for volar base fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint in patients with chronic injuries.

Level of evidence: IV
Combined home and clinic-based therapy versus home-based exercise programme after distal radial fracture: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Sakurai Toshiyasu , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Tomii Keita , Takahashi Yuji , Abe Yukiho , Kobayashi Yuya
Published: February 2024

We investigated outcomes of clinic-based hand therapy combined with a home-based exercise programme after anterior plating for distal radial fractures. A total of 102 patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a home-based exercise programme alone; a home-based exercise programme combined with four hand therapy sessions in the clinic; and a home-based exercise programme with seven sessions in the clinic. Mean Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores at 6 weeks were significantly better for the group of patients with seven sessions in the clinic than in those with only home exercises (12 vs. 30), but the difference was no longer significant at 12 weeks. Grip strength was significantly better at 6 and 12 weeks. Combined home- and clinic-based hand therapy may facilitate an earlier return of function after anterior plating for distal radius fractures.

Level of evidence: II
Retrospective Comparison of Commercially Available Automated Insulin Delivery With Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Schütz Anna , Rami-Merhar Birgit , Schütz-Fuhrmann Ingrid , Blauensteiner Nicole , Baumann Petra , Pöttler Tina , Mader Julia K.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have shown to improve glycemic control in a range of populations and settings. At the start of this study, only one commercial AID system had entered the Austrian market (MiniMed 670G, Medtronic). However, there is an ever-growing community of people living with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) using open-source (OS) AID systems.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 144 PWT1D who used either the MiniMed 670G (670G) or OS-AID systems routinely for a period of at least three to a maximum of six months, between February 18, 2020 and January 15, 2023, were retrospectively analyzed (116 670G aged from 2.6 to 71.8 years and 28 OS-AID aged from 3.4 to 53.5 years). The goal is to evaluate and compare the quality of glycemic control of commercially available AID and OS-AID systems and to present all data by an in-depth descriptive analysis of the population. No statistical tests were performed.

Results:

The PWT1D using OS-AID systems spent more time in range (TIR)70-180 mg/dL (81.7% vs 73.9%), less time above range (TAR)181-250 mg/dL (11.1% vs 19.6%), less TAR>250 mg/dL (2.5% vs 4.3%), and more time below range (TBR)54-69 mg/dL (2.2% vs 1.7%) than PWT1D using the 670G system. The TBR<54 mg/dL was comparable in both groups (0.3% vs 0.4%). In the OS-AID group, median glucose level and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were lower than in the 670G system group (130 vs 150 mg/dL; 6.2% vs 7.0%).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, both groups were able to achieve satisfactory glycemic outcomes independent of age, gender, and diabetes duration. However, the PWT1D using OS-AID systems attained an even better glycemic control with no clinical safety concerns.
Reporting of Morphology, Location, and Size in the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus in 11,785 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: van Diepen Pascal R. , Smithuis Frank F. , Hollander Julian J. , Dahmen Jari , Emanuel Kaj S. , Stufkens Sjoerd A.S. , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Uniformity of reporting is a requisite to be able to compare results of clinical studies on the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and quality of reporting of size, morphology, and location of OLTs.

Design

A literature search was performed from 1996 to 2023 to identify clinical studies on surgical treatment of OLTs. Screening was performed by 2 reviewers, who subsequently graded the quality using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). The primary outcome was the frequency and qualitative assessment of reporting of size, morphology, and location.

Results

Of 3,074 articles, 262 articles were included. This comprised a total of 11,785 patients. Size was reported in 248 (95%) of the articles and was described with a measure for surface area in 83%, however, in 56%, definition of measurement is unknown. Intraclass coefficient (ICC) value for the reliability of size measurement was 0.94 for computed tomography (CT) scan and 0.87 for MRI scan. Morphology was reported in 172 (66%) of the articles and using a classification system in 23% of the studies. Location was reported in 220 (84%) of the studies.

Conclusion

No consensus was found on the reporting of morphology, with non-validated classification systems and different terminologies used. For location, reporting in 9 zones is underreported. Size was well reported and measurements are more reliable for CT compared with MRI. As these prognostic factors guide clinical decision-making, we advocate the development of a standardized and validated OLT classification to reach uniform reporting in literature.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, systematic review.
HSF1 Increases EOGT-Mediated Glycosylation of Notch1 to Promote IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Injury of Chondrocytes
Authors: Huang Yuanchi , Pan Wenjie , Bao Huanli , Sun Xiangxiang , Xu Chao , Ma Jianbing
Published: February 2024

Objective

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common arthritic disease in humans. Nevertheless, the pathogenic mechanism of OA remains unclear. This study aimed to explore that heat-shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) facilitated interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) chondrocyte injury by increasing Notch1 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification level.

Design

Human chondrocytes were incubated with 5 ng/ml interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) for 24 h to establish OA cell model. The messenger RNA (mRNA) or protein expressions were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, or immunofluorescence. Chondrocyte viability was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the secretion levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Immunoprecipitation was adopted to detect Notch1 O-GlcNAc modification level. The interaction between HSF1 and epidermal growth factor–like (EGF) domain–specific O-GlcNAc transferase (EOGT) promoter was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.

Results

Herein, our results demonstrated that HSF1, EOGT, Notch1, and Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) expressions in chondrocytes were markedly increased by IL-1β stimulation. EOGT elevated Notch1 expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes by increasing Notch1 O-GlcNAc modification level. EOGT silencing reduced IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammatory injury. In addition, HSF1 knockdown relieved IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammatory injury. Molecular interaction experiment proved that HSF1 transcriptionally activated EOGT expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes.

Conclusions

HSF1 promoted IL-1β-induced inflammatory injury in chondrocytes by increasing EOGT-mediated glycosylation of Notch1.
Efficacy of abdominal breathing on sleep and quality of life among patients with non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Mosa Hassnaa Eid Shaban , El- Bready Hanan G. , El-Sol Abeer El- Said Hassan , Bayomy Hanaa E. , Taman Rehab Omar , Shehata Hanady Sh.
Published: February 2024

Aim:

Abdominal breathing recently has demonstrated an important role in managing symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), improving quality of life, medication adherence, and sleep quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of abdominal breathing on sleep and quality of life in patients with non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux.

Subject and methods:

A Quasi-experimental design was used. A purposive sample of 100 patients was selected from the medical outpatient clinics of Menoufia University Hospital and the outpatient clinics of the National Liver Institute in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. A Structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data on patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, belly breathing exercise performance and self-reported compliance, GERD symptoms severity and frequency, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and GERD Health-Related Quality of Life.

Results:

The frequency of GERD symptoms decreased from 26.64 pre-intervention to 17.61 and 9.58, respectively, at two- and four-months post-intervention. Antacid consumption among patients taking it 7 days/week was reduced from 34% pre-intervention to 2% and 0% post-intervention by two and four months, respectively. Good sleepers were 24% pre-intervention then increased to 62% and 90% post-intervention by 2 and 4 months, respectively. Regarding GERD related quality of life, only 1% was satisfied pre-intervention, which increased to 32% and 72% post-intervention by 2 and 4 months, respectively.

Conclusion:

Abdominal breathing offers better therapeutic improvements in all patients’ outcomes such as reduced severity and frequency of GERD symptoms, reduced antacid consumption, increased sleep quality, and increased satisfaction with life quality. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to incorporate abdominal breathing into treatment protocols for patients with non-erosive GERD.
The impact of large core and late treatment trials: An update on the modelled annual thrombectomy eligibility of UK stroke patients
Authors: McMeekin Peter , James Martin , Price Christopher I , Ford Gary A , White Philip
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

To support decisions about thrombectomy provision, we have previously estimated the annual UK population eligible for treatment as ∼10% of stroke admissions. Since then, eight further randomised trials that could alter the eligibility rate have reported in 2021-23. We updated our estimates of the eligible population from these trials and other recent studies.

Patients and methods:

An updated decision tree describing the EVT eligible population for UK stroke admissions was produced. Decision criteria were derived from the highest level of evidence available. For nodes where no specific RCT data existed, evidence was obtained from the latest systematic review(s) or the highest quality observational data.

Results:

We estimate that 15,420 (approximately 15%) of admitted UK stroke patients are now eligible for thrombectomy, or 14,930 if advanced brain imaging using MRI/CT perfusion or collateral assessment were used in all patients. This is a 54% increase in our previous estimate in 2021. Over 50% of LAO strokes are now potentially eligible for thrombectomy. The increase in eligibility is principally due to a much larger cohort of later presenting and/or larger ischaemic core patients.

Conclusion:

Most previously independent LAO stroke patients presenting within 24 h, even in the presence of a large ischaemic core on initial non-contrast CT, should be considered for thrombectomy with use of advanced brain imaging in those presenting beyond 12 h to identify salvageable penumbral brain tissue. Treatment in most patients remains critically time-dependent and our estimates should be interpreted with this in mind.
Pachychoroid Associated With Acute Retinal Necrosis Secondary to Varicella Zoster Virus
Authors: Harbeck Katherine , Ericksen Connor , Johnson William , Massop David , Bracha Peter
Published: February 2024

Purpose: To report a case of pachychoroid associated with acute retinal necrosis secondary to the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Methods: A retrospective review of a single case was performed. Results: The VZV-related acute retinal necrosis with pachychoroid resolved with quiescence of the acute infectious process. Conclusions: Acute retinal necrosis can result in choroidal thickening adjacent to retinitis. Previous reports have described choroidal sparing in these cases.
Normative percentile ranking best reveals sensorimotor impairments of postural sway in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lopatin Trevor , Ko Michael , Brown Elise , Goble Daniel , Haworth Joshua
Published: February 2024

Background

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with a higher magnitude of static postural sway. This investigation compared three statistical methods to explore the role of sensory modalities contributions to posture in T2D.

Research design and methods

Two groups were evaluated in this study ( n = 20); T2D group - 10 participants with T2D (age 54.6 ± 11.09 years), comparison group - 10 age/sex matched healthy participants (age 53.18 ± 9.89 years). Postural sway data was collected using the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration in Balance (mCTSIB), consisting of four 20-s trials on a balance plate with manipulations of vision and support surface to target the contributions of proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular senses. Scores were assessed by group wise analysis of path length, group wise analysis of percentile rank, and distribution of percentile rank.

Results

The two-way ANOVA used for the group wise analysis of path length and percentile rank showed significant differences between groups scores ( p < .05), but no significant interactions between group and condition. The frequency distribution of percentile rank of the T2D group revealed unimodal distributions for all conditions except for vestibular, which was found to have the highest and lowest percentile ranks of any condition.

Conclusion

The results show that the individualized normative analysis revealed aspects of individual impairments that would have otherwise been missed using a group-wise method. Though limited, our findings also suggest that impairments to the vestibular system may be more pronounced but less frequent compared to proprioceptive and visual impairments.