bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Word Real Is No Longer Real”: Deepfakes, Gender, and the Challenges of AI-Altered Video
Authors: Wagner Travis L. , Blewer Ashley
Published: July 2019

It is near-impossible for casual consumers of images to authenticate digitally-altered images without a keen understanding of how to “read” the digital image. As Photoshop did for photographic alteration, so to have advances in artificial intelligence and computer graphics made seamless video alteration seem real to the untrained eye. The colloquialism used to describe these videos are “deepfakes”: a portmanteau of deep learning AI and faked imagery. The implications for these videos serving as authentic representations matters, especially in rhetorics around “fake news.” Yet, this alteration software, one deployable both through high-end editing software and free mobile apps, remains critically under examined. One troubling example of deepfakes is the superimposing of women’s faces into pornographic videos. The implication here is a reification of women’s bodies as a thing to be visually consumed, here circumventing consent. This use is confounding considering the very bodies used to perfect deepfakes were men. This paper explores how the emergence and distribution of deepfakes continues to enforce gendered disparities within visual information. This paper, however, rejects the inevitability of deepfakes arguing that feminist oriented approaches to artificial intelligence building and a critical approaches to visual information literacy can stifle the distribution of violently sexist deepfakes.
Fake News and Propaganda: A Critical Discourse Research Perspective
Authors: Vamanu Iulian
Published: July 2019

Having been invoked as a disturbing factor in recent elections across the globe, fake news has become a frequent object of inquiry for scholars and practitioners in various fields of study and practice. My article draws intellectual resources from Library and Information Science, Communication Studies, Argumentation Theory, and Discourse Research to examine propagandistic dimensions of fake news and to suggest possible ways in which scientific research can inform practices of epistemic self-defense. Specifically, the article focuses on a cluster of fake news of potentially propagandistic import, employs a framework developed within Argumentation Theory to explore ten ways in which fake news may be used as propaganda, and suggests how Critical Discourse Research, an emerging cluster of theoretical and methodological approaches to discourses, may provide people with useful tools for identifying and debunking fake news stories. My study has potential implications for further research and for literacy practices. In particular, it encourages empirical studies of its guiding premise that people who became familiar with certain research methods are less susceptible to fake news. It also contributes to the design of effective research literacy practices.
News Literacy and Fake News Curriculum: School Librarian Perceptions of Pedagogical Practices
Authors: Farmer Lesley
Published: July 2019

People need to consciously and critically analyze and evaluate mass media messages, especially in the light of increasing fake news; they need to be news literate. The logical time to start teaching such literacy is in K-12 educational settings so that all individuals have the opportunity to learn and practice news literacy. California middle and high school teacher librarians were surveyed to ascertain their perceptions of the level of news literacy demonstrated by their schools’ students. Forty-one respondents indicate a need for news literacy instruction, but they also indicated that little curriculum attention was given to that need. Moreover, teacher librarians and classroom teachers need training on news literacy. Fake news is a wake-up call to educators and the community at large to gain competency in critically analyzing fake news in particular, and information in general.
Being Gifted as Negative Certainty
Authors: Dunning David Mark
Published: July 2019

Existentialism centres reflection upon the bodily existence of the human person. Generally, however, theological anthropology has struggled to manage developments in biological and psychological sciences that have made clear the pluriformity of human embodiment. The work of the social sciences has also increased the visibility of minority, disadvantaged, or neglected persons. Theological anthropology must begin to conceive of an inclusive, non-static understanding of human nature that fully acknowledges the integrity and the diverse identities of the human subject. To riposte, this article utilises the interplay between phenomenology and theology in the work of the contemporary philosopher-theologian Jean-Luc Marion. Marion undeniably sees the root of the human in the concrete free person; he recognises an ever-receding, indefinable horizon towards which the incomprehensible existence of the subjective phenomenon is universally oriented. In this article I focus on how a combination of the theology of the subject and its existential orientation, realised through the freedom of incomprehensibility à la Marion, may provide a dynamic basis for understanding human nature at a time when subjective diversity is ever more asserted.
Analysis of repulsive central universal force field on solar and galactic dynamics
Authors: Barghout Kamal
Published: July 2019

Recent astrophysical observations hint toward the need for an extended theory of gravity to explain puzzles presented by the standard cosmological model such as the need for dark matter and dark energy to understand the dynamics of the cosmos. This paper investigates the effect of a repulsive central universal force field on the behavior of celestial objects. Negative tidal effect on the solar and galactic orbits, like that experienced by Pioneer spacecrafts, was derived from the central force and was shown to manifest itself as dark matter and dark energy. Vertical oscillation of the sun about the galactic plane was modeled as simple harmonic motion driven by the repulsive force. The proposed universal field was used to infer the shape of dark matter halos as generated from a planar component of the universal force and to explain galactic warp, galactic halo density, and galactic rotation curves. It was found that the repulsive field addition to Newton’s gravity mimics the Yukawa potential correction employed by many current gravitational theories that modify gravity.
Influence of titanium oxide-based colourants on the morphological and tribomechanical properties of injection-moulded polyoxymethylene spur gears
Authors: Schubert Dominik , Hertle Sebastian , Drummer Dietmar
Published: July 2019

Regardless of colouration for functional or aesthetic purposes, technical polymer parts, like gears, require consistent properties. However, there is a lack of research into the effect of colourants on the tribomechanical properties of gears. Therefore, the effects of two pigments, titanium dioxide (white) and chrome antimony titanium oxide (yellow), and three delivery methods, masterbatch, liquid colour and direct compounding, on part morphology, dimensions, tribological and mechanical performance of injection-moulded polyoxymethylene (POM) spur gears are investigated in this paper. The white pigment accelerates the crystallisation of POM, causing fine and highly-crystalline morphological structures and smaller dimensions. However, the yellow pigment decelerates crystallisation, resulting in a coarser morphology with highly crystalline core material and bigger parts. Furthermore, the delivery method affects only the tribomechanical properties. Using a masterbatch decreases loads at break and increases deflection at break, since the carrier material acts as an impact modifier and a weak spot. The liquid colour decreases wear due to lubricating properties, whereas the pure pigments increases abrasion, especially in combination with a coarse microstructure. However, the effects of carrier systems and changes in morphology are always superimposed. Considering the performance and tolerance of technical components, colourants have to be carefully selected to ensure beneficial properties.
Correlation between serum homocysteine, folate, vitamin B6 and age-related cataract
Authors: Ma Cheng , Liu Zengye , Yao Shuang , Hei Luning , Guo Weiwei
Published: July 2019

Age-related cataracts (ARC) are the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness, affecting 16 million subjects globally. This work aimed to investigate the correlation of serum homocysteine (Hcy), folate, vitamin B6 (VitB6) and ARC. We prospectively enrolled 60 ARC, and 58 age-matched healthy controls in this study. The serum concentrations of Hcy were determined using a fully automatic biochemical analyzer and folate/VitB6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic performance of serum Hcy, folate and VitB6 for ARC were evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC). The mean serum levels of Hcy, folate and VitB6 from the control group were 9.8 ± 2.1 μmol/L, 17.4 ± 2.3 nmol/L, 42.3 ± 5.7 pmol/L, respectively. In comparison, the mean serum levels of Hcy, folate and VitB6 from the ARC group were 12.2 ± 2.5 μmol/L, 15.3 ± 2.6 nmol/L, 40.3 ± 5.1 pmol/L, respectively. Significant statistical difference (p<0.05) were found between the control and ARC groups. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and AUC of serum Hcy as a biomarker for ARC were 53.1%, 76.3% and 0.66 (95% CI:0.61-0.76), respectively, which were superior to that of serum folate and VitB6. Serum Hcy was significantly elevated in ARC patients and correlated with ARC development, thus may be used as a serological marker for ARC diagnosis.
Efficacy of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron) vs dopamine receptor antagonists (droperidol) for preventing postoperative nausea, vomiting and headache: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xiaoyun , Qin Yinying , Li Siying , Lei Heshou , Wu Xiaoyun , Shu LiPei
Published: July 2019

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron [OND]) versus dopamine receptor antagonists (droperidol [DRO]) in the prevention of postoperative nausea, vomiting (PONV) and headache by pooling data from open published studies. Methods Performed systematic electronic searches of PubMed, Embase, Google scholar and CNKI, to identify open-published prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) relevant to the comparison of OND versus DRO for preventing PONV and headache to be included in the present study. The pooled PONV, headache, dizziness and drowsiness were calculated based on the original data of each included study. The pooled data was presented with risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results Thirteen prospective randomized clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled PONV, post-operative nausea (PON) and positive operative vomiting (POV) were 0.67 (95%CI:0.48-0.93, p<0.05), 0.88 (95%CI:0.67-1.14, p>0.05) and 0.56 (95%CI:0.39-0.82,p<0.05) respectively for OND vs. DRO. And the overall pooled positive operative nausea and vomiting was 0.71(95%CI:0.60-0.86) by fixed effects model for OND vs. DRO. The pooled risk of postoperative headache, dizziness and drowsiness were 4.33 (95%CI:0.76-24.69, p>0.05), 0.63 (95%CI:0.21-1.87, p>0.05) and 0.48(0.28-0.81,p<0.05) respectively by fixed effect model for OND vs. DRO. Conclusion The post-operative nausea, vomiting and dizziness risks were significant decreased for patients receiving OND compared to patients receiving DRO.
Automated Compounding of Intravenous Therapy in European Countries: A Review in 2019
Authors: Soumoy Laura , Hecq Jean-Daniel
Published: July 2019

Automated compounding systems appeared on the market during these last 15 years as an alternative for manual compounding of intravenous (IVD) drugs. A literature review was conducted on reconstitution of IVD. The following methods were identified: manual, semi- automatic and automatic. A classification was carried out in three categories: automatic syringes, peristaltic pumps, and compounding doses robots. The number of compounding robots is increasing. A table describes the different features of each device. The ampuls cannot be supported by these robots. Large doses vials improve the time of reconstitution compared to current dosage vials. Advantages of automated preparation are: higher consistency of process and products, higher accuracy of products, Integrated digitized processing, precise, complete documentation, reduced effort and wrist injuries, reduced personnel requirement, increased worker satisfaction. Disadvantages of automated preparation are: risk of failure/down time, dependency on power supply, software (updates), high investment costs/high maintenance costs, specialized personnel with additional training, decreased worker satisfaction (early adopter), complexity when products are switched or added, potential for new errors. This review allows the potential user to know the current availability on the market.
Ongoing Vaccine and Monoclonal Antibody HIV Prevention Efficacy Trials and Considerations for Sequel Efficacy Trial Designs
Authors: Gilbert Peter B.
Published: July 2019

Four randomized placebo-controlled efficacy trials of a candidate vaccine or passively infused monoclonal antibody for prevention of HIV-1 infection are underway (HVTN 702 in South African men and women; HVTN 705 in sub-Saharan African women; HVTN 703/HPTN 081 in sub-Saharan African women; HVTN 704/HPTN 085 in U.S., Peruvian, Brazilian, and Swiss men or transgender persons who have sex with men). Several challenges are posed to the optimal design of the sequel efficacy trials, including: (1) how to account for the evolving mosaic of effective prevention interventions that may be part of the trial design or standard of prevention; (2) how to define viable and optimal sequel trial designs depending on the primary efficacy results and secondary “correlates of protection” results of each of the ongoing trials; and (3) how to define the primary objective of sequel efficacy trials if HIV-1 incidence is expected to be very low in all study arms such that a standard trial design has a steep opportunity cost. After summarizing the ongoing trials, I discuss statistical science considerations for sequel efficacy trial designs, both generally and specifically to each trial listed above. One conclusion is that the results of “correlates of protection” analyses, which ascertain how different host immunological markers and HIV-1 viral features impact HIV-1 risk and prevention efficacy, have an important influence on sequel trial design. This influence is especially relevant for the monoclonal antibody trials because of the focused pre-trial hypothesis that potency and coverage of serum neutralization constitutes a surrogate endpoint for HIV-1 infection. Another conclusion is that while assessing prevention efficacy against a counterfactual placebo group is fraught with risks for bias, such analysis is nonetheless important and study designs coupled with analysis methods should be developed to optimize such inferences. I draw a parallel with non-inferiority designs, which are fraught with risks given the necessity of making unverifiable assumptions for interpreting results, but nevertheless have been accepted when a superiority design is not possible and a rigorous/conservative non-inferiority margin is used. In a similar way, counterfactual placebo group efficacy analysis should use rigorous/conservative inference techniques that formally build in a rigorous/conservative margin to potential biases that could occur due to departures from unverifiable assumptions. Because reliability of this approach would require new techniques for verifying that the study cohort experienced substantial exposure to HIV-1, currently it may be appropriate as a secondary objective but not as a primary objective.
Uncertain infographics: Expressing doubt in data visualization
Authors: Burgio Valeria
Published: July 2019

The myth of transparency and truthfulness is the foundation for contemporary theories of information design. Avoiding distortion and ambiguity is the moral imperative of an upstanding data visualizer. Sometimes, though, data that is collected is not accurate enough and the sources use indirect indicators to approach a phenomenon: what to do then, if the need to graphically represent a phenomenon is urgent and necessary? Should the designer wait to have the exact data, or should he indicate a trend, expressing the hypothetical status of his statement? Can data visualization be designed to express doubt rather than to inform about facts?

This essay will deal with the forms of expression of uncertainty in infographics. It will consider the designer as both an observer and a translator, whose position of neutrality is only one of the possible realms of discourse. In general, it will focus on the forms of visual expression of a self-criticizing mood in quantitative research today and it will explore the ways in which data that is not meaningful in statistical terms can become meaningful in semiotic terms.
Rhetorical strategies of political persuasion: The play of irrealis and realis meaning in re/aligning readers in newspaper editorials
Authors: Liu Feifei , Hood Susan
Published: July 2019

Newspaper editorials are acknowledged as having a significant role to play in shaping public opinion on social and political issues. In studies of their persuasive power, the language of these texts is always the focus to some extent. Across a spectrum of methodological approaches, relatively few studies take a dynamic perspective to consider the interaction of linguistic choices in the construction of rhetorical strategies in the flow of meaning in texts. This study draws on Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) theory in its analysis and interpretation of the dynamic construction of recurring rhetorical strategies in a set of 11 editorials culled fromThe Australian,a politically conservative broadsheet newspaper in Australia. We explore how choices in interpersonal and ideational meaning collaborate and interact dynamically in these data to consistently disaffiliate a putative readership with one of the two major political parties. We identify in particular the critical interaction of realis and irrealis meanings in the configuration of this strategy. The analyses provide a complementary means to explore the discourse of persuasion within the field of news media.
The protective role of oleuropein against diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital induced damage in rats
Authors: Özeren Nurefşan , Kisacam Mehmet Ali , Ozan Kocamuftuoglu Gonca , Kaya Nalan , Ozan Sema Temizer
Published: July 2019

Objective

Liver cancer is amongst the most lethal cancers worldwide. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and phenobarbital (PB) are common agents that form reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oleuropein (OLE) has efficient biological properties and used as a therapeutic agent. In this study, we aimed at investigating OLE against DEN + PB induced liver damage.

Methods

Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 10): Control, DEN, DEN + PB, DEN + PB + OLE and OLE. DEN, DEN + PB, DEN + PB + OLE groups were administered a single dose of 150 mg/kg DEN. After two weeks, DEN + PB and DEN + PB + OLE groups received 500 ppm of PB. 10 mg/kg/day of OLE was orally administered to DEN + PB + OLE and OLE groups. Biochemical and histopathological changes evaluated after the 8 weeks study.

Results

DEN and PB application with OLE treatment resulted significant differences, alone or combined. Although there was a significant difference among the groups in terms of liver GSH and MDA levels and CAT activities, there was no significant difference among the groups in SOD activity. In the liver sections of the DEN, DEN + PB and OLE groups, increase in some histopathological findings and TUNEL positive cells were increased compared to the control group.

Conclusion

OLE can be used as a protector against the effects of carcinogens causing liver damage.
Truckies' Nutrition and Physical Activity: A Cross-sectional Survey in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Sendall Marguerite C. , McCosker Laura K. , Ahmed Rahma , Crane Phil
Published: July 2019

Truck drivers are at increased risk of diet- and physical activity-related chronic diseases. Despite this, there is a paucity of data about Australian truck drivers' diet and physical activity behaviors. A multiple choice and short response survey was distributed to truck drivers attending an Australian Truck Show. The survey asked about self-reported health, source of health information, number of serves of fruit, vegetables, unhealthy food, and sugary drink consumed per day, and frequency of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity per week. The survey was completed by 231 truck drivers—almost all were male, with a mean age of 46 (range 20 to 71) years. Over 85% of survey respondents worked more than 9 hrs per day. Nearly 75% acknowledged the need to make changes to improve their health. Half consumed fewer serves of fruit and 88% consumed fewer serves of vegetables than national recommendations. Over 63% consumed at least one serve of unhealthy foods per day, and 65% drank at least one can of sugary drink per day. Most (80%) undertook less than moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity levels provided in national recommendations. Of concern, almost 90% of drivers had above the recommended body mass index—approximately 60% were obese. This is almost double the proportion found in the general population. These findings highlight the importance of health promotion to help drivers make better choices about their health behaviors, which are often underpinned by the limitations of their work environment. Health promotion in transport industry workplaces should be an important topic for future research.
Urinary and Genetic Biomonitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Egyptian Coke Oven Workers: Associations between Exposure, Effect, and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment
Authors: Mohamed Samir Aisha , Shaker Dalia Abdel-Hamid , Fathy Mona Mohamed , Hafez Salwa Farouk , Abdullatif Mona Mohsen , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Alghobary Hany Ahmed Fouad
Published: July 2019

Background: Coke oven workers are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with possible genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Metabolizing enzymes genes and DNA repair genes are suspected to be correlated with the level of DNA damage. They may contribute to variable individual sensitivity to DNA damage induced by PAHs exposure at workplace. Objective: To investigate the relationship between biomarkers of PAHs: 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), DNA adducts, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in coke oven workers, and to assess the role of cytochrome P2E1 (CYP2E1) gene expression and DNA repairing gene (XRCC1) polymorphism in detecting workers at risk. Methods: 85 exposed workers and 85 unexposed controls were enrolled into this study. Urinary 1-OHP, 8-OHdG, and BPDE-DNA adduct were measured. CYP2E1 gene expression and genotyping of XRCC1 399 Arg/Gln were evaluated by real-time PCR. Results: The median urinary 1-OHP levels (6.3 µmol/mol creatinine), urinary 8-OHdG (7.9 ng/mg creatinine), DNA adducts (6.7 ng/μg DNA) in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the unexposed group. Carriers of the variant allele (Gln) of XRCC1 had the highest levels of 1-OHP, DNA adducts and 8-OHdG, and the lowest level of CYP2E1 gene expression. In exposed workers, significant positive correlations were found between 1-OHP level and each of the work duration, 8-OHdG, and DNA adducts levels. There was a significant negative correlation between 1-OHP level and CYP2E1 gene expression. Work duration and CYP2E1 gene expression were predictors of DNA adducts level; 1-OHP level and work duration were predictors of urinary 8-OHdG level. Conclusion: Workers with higher exposure to PAH were more prone to oxidative DNA damage and cancer development. DNA adducts level reflects the balance between their production by CYP2E1 and elimination by XRCC1 gene.
Myoelectric Activity of Individual Lumbar Erector Spinae Muscles Variation by Differing Seat Pan Depth
Authors: Azghani Mahmood Reza , Nazari Jalil , Sozapoor Nader , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohamad , Oskouei Ali E.
Published: July 2019

Background: The chair influences the position of the user in relation to his or her devices. Prolonged static sitting is a frequently mentioned risk factor for low back pain. Seat design, thus, plays an important role in the study of human sitting. Quantitative information is needed on what happens to body when one sits in chairs with different seat depth. Objective: To determine the myoelectric activity (EMG) of individual lumbar erector spinae muscles after sitting in chairs with different seat pan depth. Methods: EMG recordings were taken using surface electrodes placed on the lumbar erector spine muscles of 25 normal, volunteer subjects. EMG recordings for muscle activity were made while the study participants were in a comfortable position and performed the required tasks. The experiments investigated with 3 seat depths according to the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles of the buttock popliteal length. The recorded EMG data were normalized to the maximal voluntary contraction. The mean EMG recording was calculated for each of the 3 chairs tested. A mixed model was used to assess the differences among the situations. Results: A significant (p<0.05) difference was observed between the mean EMG recordings for the 3 tested seat pan depths. EMG activity was higher in seats with the 5th and 95th percentiles compared with that for the seat with 50th percentile of buttock popliteal length depth. Conclusion: The seat pan depth used during a comfortable position has a significant effect on the level of myoelectric activity in the lumbar erector spinal muscles. The finding of this study may contribute to our understanding of the biomechanics of sitting.
Violence against Nurses: A Neglected and Healththreatening Epidemic in the University Affiliated Public Hospitals in Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Honarvar Behnam , Ghazanfari Nima , Raeisi Shahraki Hadi , Rostami Sara , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran
Published: July 2019

Background: Nurses are more likely to be exposed to violence at their workplace in comparison with other employees. Objective: To determine various aspects of violence against nurses in Shiraz public hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2018, using a multistage random sampling method. Violence including verbal threats, verbal abuse, physical and sexual abuse as well as ethnical types, violence from patients, patients' companions and coworkers, and causes of violence were investigated using a checklist. Results: 405 nurses with a mean age of 30.2 (SD 7.1) years and female to male ratio of 4.2 were interviewed. 363 (89.6%) nurses had experienced at least one kind of violence; 68.4% suffered from more than one type of violence. Verbal abuse (83.9%), verbal threats (27.6%), physical violence (21.4%), sexual abuse (10.8%), and ethnical harassment (6.1%) were the most common types of violence experienced by the nurses. Patients' companions, patients, and physicians were reported as the sources of violence in 70.6%, 43.1%, and 4.1% of cases, respectively. Nurses with non-official employment status and non-Farsi ethnicity, having a disease, with non-evening shift work, and those with short or long employment period were more affected. Unrealistic expectations by patients' companions and long working hours were the most common attributing factors. Conclusion: Violence against nurses, as a strenuous and health-threatening crisis, has become epidemic in public hospitals in our region. Effective interventions are warranted to sort out these problems.
Prevalence of Type II and Type III Workplace Violence against Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin , Chai Emily , Usuba Koyo , Nowrouzi-Kia Behnam , Casole Jennifer
Published: July 2019

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) in the health care sector remains a prominent, under-reported global occupational hazard and public health issue. Objective: To determine the types and prevalence of WPV among doctors. Methods: Primary papers on WPV in medicine were identified through a literature search in 4 health databases (Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsychoINFO and CINAHL). The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the mapping and identification of records. To assess the studies included in our review, we used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme cohort review checklist and the Risk of Bias Assessment. Results: 13 out of 2154 articles retrieved were reviewed. Factors outlining physician WPV included (1) working in remote health care areas, (2) understaffing, (3) mental/emotional stress of patients/visitors, (4) insufficient security, and (5) lacking preventative measures. The results of 6 studies were combined in a meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of WPV was 69% (95% CI 58% to 78%). Conclusion: The impact of WPV on health care institutions is profound and far-reaching; it is quite common among physicians. Therefore, steps must be taken to promote an organizational culture where there are measures to protect and promote the well-being of doctors.
Association of mean platelet volume with echocardiographic findings in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis
Authors: Aslanabadi Naser , Separham Ahmad , Valae Hiagh Leyla , Karkon Shayan Farid , Toufan Mehrnoush , Ghaffari Samad , Enamzadeh Elgar
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a relatively common cause of mortality among patients in the developing countries, and pure mitral valve failure is the most common form of RHD. An increase in the mean platelet volume (MPV) is considered as an independent risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the association of MPV with echocardiographic findings in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis. Methods: In a descriptive, analytical study, 100 patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis referred to Shahid Madani hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and 100 age & sex-matched healthy individuals were included the study. MPV and echocardiographic findings including Wilkins score, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC) were evaluated in both groups. Results: MPV in the case group was 10.45±0.98 and in the control group was 9.88±0.83. MPV in the patient’s groups was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.001). Also, MPV in patients with positive LASEC findings was 10.69 ± 1.01 and in patients with negative LASEC findings was 10.25 ± 0.91. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.028). Conclusion: Patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis has a higher MPV compared to the healthy individuals, and it is associated with LASEC sign seen in echocardiography.
GELENEKSEL GIDALARDAN DARTI'NIN ÜRETİM YÖNTEMİ VE BAZI ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: CUMHUR Öznur
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmada, geleneksel bir gıda olan dartının
üretiminin kayıt altına alınması, bileşim ve duyusal özelliklerinin
belirlenmesi, ürünün kalitesini kaybetmeden üretilmesi ve zamanla kaybolmasının
önlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Dartı; çiğ süt kremasından pişirilerek yapılan,
kendine özgü tat ve aroması olan geleneksel bir gıdadır. Ürün yaygın olarak
kahvaltıda tüketilmekte; pilav, makarna ve yöresel bir ürün olan keşkekte sos
olarak kullanılmakta veya yemek ve hamur işlerinde yağ olarak ikame
edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında dartının üretimi incelenmiş, tuzlu ve tuzsuz
olarak üretilen ürünün kontrollü şartlarda geleneksel üretimi
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ürünlerde kül, kuru madde, protein, yağ, pH, titrasyon
asitliği analizleri yapılmış ve duyusal özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Tuzlu
olarak üretilen üründe kül, kuru madde, protein, yağ, pH ve titrasyon asitliği
değerleri sırasıyla %2.66, %85.93, %8.61, %66.33, 4.34 ve %1.05 olarak
bulunmuştur. Ürünü tanımayan tüketicilere uygulanan duyusal analiz sonuçlarına
göre; dartı genel olarak görünüş, koku, kıvam ve yapı açısından orta düzeyde
beğenilirken; tat olarak en yüksek puanı alarak tüketicinin beğenisini
kazanmıştır.
DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF RED BEET (BETA VULGARIS ESCULENTACRUENTA) PUREE IN A MICROWAVE OVEN
Authors: DİRİM Safiye Nur , TALİH Meryem , ÇALIŞKAN KOÇ Gülşah
Published: July 2019

The aims of this study are to
observe the effects of different microwave power and amount of samples on the
drying characteristics of red beet puree, to determine the physical properties
of the red beet powders and to calculate the energy efficiency of the drying
process. The drying experiments were conducted at five different microwave
power and thicknesses of the sample. Seven thin-layer drying models were fitted
to the experimental data and Page model which had the highest R2 and
lowest χ2 and RMSE for all drying experiments was found to
satisfactorily describe the drying behavior of red beet puree. The total drying
times increased depending on an increasing amount of sample and decreasing
microwave power. The Deff and Ea values ranged between 1.095E-08 to
3.438E-06 m2.s-1 and 14.35 to 77.35W.g-1,
respectively. The energy efficiency values of the drying processes are
evaluated in terms of MER and SEC.
DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXIN CONTENTS OF SEBINKARAHISAR WALNUT VARIETY BY ELISA METHOD
Authors: CÜCE Mustafa
Published: July 2019

Aflatoxins are carcinogenic
toxic metabolites for human foods and animal feeds in terms of pharmaceutical
produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.
This study was carried out to determine the aflatoxin changes in Şebinkarahisar
walnut under different seasonal changes between the years by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The presence of
aflatoxin was found in all of the samples within measurable limits. But in none
of the total 20 different walnut samples examined, aflatoxin was not observed
above the limits determined by the Turkish Food Codex Contaminants Regulation.
Each treatment included 3 wells were carried out triplicates to determination
of AFT and AFB1 and correlation analysis showed a significant relationship
between AFB1 and AFT for 2 different years. In addition, although there was an
increase in aflatoxin content due to seasonal changes between the years, there
was no statistically significant difference and it was supported by correlation
analysis.
GIDALARDA BULUNAN KÜFLERİN TANIMLANMASINDA KULLANILAN YÖNTEMLER
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Gülten , EMENLİ İlkim
Published: July 2019

Küfler doğada hava, toprak, su ve organik maddeler
üzerinde yaygın olarak bulunabilen mikroorganizmalardır. Küfler tarafından üretilen
toksik metabolitler nedeniyle, küflerin insan ve hayvan sağlığı üzerinde
olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktadır. Küfler gıdaların bozulmasına neden olarak
ekonomik kayıplara da sebep olmaktadır. Gıdalarda gelişen küflerin tanımlanması
dirençli türler, mikotoksijenik türler ve küf gelişiminin inhibisyonu gibi
konularda çalışmalar yapılmasında gereklidir. Küflerin tanımlanması koloni
morfolojisi ve mikroskobik özelliklerinin belirlenmesine dayanan geleneksel
yöntemler ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Geleneksel yöntemlerin zaman alıcı olması
ve deneyimli personel gerektirmesi nedeniyle, daha hızlı ve güvenilir
yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Hızlı yöntemlerin maliyeti yüksek olup, aynı
zamanda veri tabanlarının yetersiz olması nedeniyle kapsamlı araştırmalar ile standartlaştırılması
gerekmektedir. Geleneksel ve hızlı yöntemlerin birlikte kullanılması
çalışmaların doğruluğunu arttırmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, küflerin
tanımlanmasında kullanılan geleneksel yöntemler, moleküler yöntemler, matriks
ile desteklenmiş lazer desorpsiyon/iyonizasyon uçuş zamanı kütle spektrometresi
(MALDI-TOF MS) ve fourier transform infrared spektroskopisi (FT-IR) yöntemleri
incelenmiştir.
SURVIVAL OF ACID ADAPTED AND NON-ADAPTED STATIONARY PHASE ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7, SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN POMEGRANATE JUICE
Authors: TOPALCENGİZ Zeynal , Işık Sefa , Işık Hasan , Güner Senem
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the survival of acid adapted and non-adapted stationary phase Escherichia
coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes
in pomegranate juice at refrigeration and room temperatures. Inoculated juice
samples were stored at 4 and 24 ± 2°C. Population of pathogens were enumerated
for up to 28 days. Reduction rates, time required for one log reduction, of
tested microorganisms were calculated. Enrichment was negative for E. coli
O157:H7 after a week at all tested conditions. At refrigeration temperature,
acid adapted S. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes survived one
week longer than non-adapted cells. At room temperature, S. Typhimurium
population decreased up to 7 log CFU/ml in 28 days; L. monocytogenes
survived less than 12 h. Rates of reduction (days) ranged between 0.06 and 4.29
for all tested pathogens (P<0.05). Tested pathogens can
survive in contaminated pomegranate juice until consumption to cause foodborne
illness.
ERİK (Prunus domestica) BAZLI KARIŞIK MEYVELİ GELENEKSEL MARMELAT ÜRETİMİ
Authors: UÇAN TÜRKMEN Filiz , BİNGÖL Büşra Nur , ŞAHİN Elif , ÖZKARAMAN Funda , TEKİN Zeynep
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırmada erik bazlı karışık meyveli geleneksel
marmelat üretimi üzerine çalışılmıştır. %100 Erik, %75 erik-%25 kayısı, %75
erik-%25 yabanmersini, %50 erik-%25 kayısı- %25 yabanmersini oranlarında
meyveler kullanılarak marmelat üretimleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen marmelat
örneklerinde ve meyve pulplarında pH, suda çözünür kuru madde, titrasyon
asitliği, su aktivitesi, kül, renk, invert şeker, toplam fenolik madde, toplam
flavonoid madde, antioksidan aktivite, askorbik asit ve duyusal analizler
yapılmış ve örnekler istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmişlerdir. En yüksek
toplam fenolik madde (2.12 mg GAE/g-3.91 2.12 mg GAE/g) ve antioksidan aktivite
(%79.49-%73.04) değerleri %75 erik-%25 kayısı pulp ve marmelatlarından elde
edilmiştir. Duyusal değerlendirmede en çok beğenilen marmelatın 4.46 puan ile
erik pulpundan üretilen örnek olduğu ve bunu azalan puan sırasına göre
erik-kayısı-yabanmersini, erik-kayısı, erik-yabanmersini pulplarından üretilen
örneklerin takip ettiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma yeni formüle edilmiş ürün
gelişimine gerek duyan erik endüstrisine farklı meyvelerle karıştırılmış erik
bazlı marmelat ile eriğe yeni bir kullanım alanı sağlanabileceğini
göstermektedir.
PEYNİRDEN İZOLE EDİLEN YÜKSEK SEVİYEDE AMİNOGLİKOZİD DİRENÇLİ ENTEROKOKLARDA VİRÜLENS FAKTÖRLERİN FENOTİPİK VE GENOTİPİK YÖNTEMLER İLE ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: TUNCER Yasin , ADIFON Degnide Ephrem
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı daha önce peynir
örneklerinden izole edilen yüksek-seviyede aminoglikozid dirençli (YSAD) 54
enterokok izolatında virülens faktörlerin fenotipik ve genotipik yöntemler
kullanılarak araştırılmasıdır. YSAD enterokok izolatlarında α-hemolitik (48.15
%), γ-hemolitik (46.30 %), ve β-hemolitik (5.55 %) aktivite fenotipik olarak
belirlendi. Jelatinaz aktivitesi yalnız E.
faecalis RG22.4, RG26.1 ve RG26.2
suşlarında tespit edildi. Polimeraz
zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) ile E. faecium
RS32.2 hariç YSAD enterokok izolatlarında en az bir virülens genin varlığı
belirlendi. YSAD enterokok izolatlarında en sık görülen genlerin ccf 
(% 88.89), efaAfs (% 85.19), acm (% 77.78), gelE (% 59.2), cpd (%
51.85) ve espfs (% 50) olduğu tespit edildi. Fenotipik
ve genotipik testler sonucu, 30 YSAD enterokok izolatında sessiz gelE geni bulundu. Peynirden izole edilen YSAD
enterokok suşlarında yüksek sıklıkla virülens faktör genlerinin tespit edilmesi
tüketici sağlığı için endişe uyandırıcıdır.
SEÇİLMİŞ ENDOJEN LAKTİK STARTER KÜLTÜRLER İLE TURŞU ÜRETİMİ
Authors: Tokatlı Mehmet , Bağder Elmacı Simel , Arslankoz İşleyen Nurdan , Özçelik Filiz
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmada, turşu üretiminde
kullanılabilecek starter kültürler geliştirmek amacı ile, seçilmiş endojen
(yerel) Lactobacillus plantarum (MF513, MF377, MF213) ve L. plantarum
MF513-Pediococcus ethanolidurans MF179 karışım suşları starter kültür
olarak kullanılmış; fermantasyon süresince ve 6 aylık depolama aşamasında
turşuların kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik, duyusal özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Starter kültürlerin fermantasyon sonuna kadar stabilitelerini koruyup
koruyamadıkları, saf kültürlerin fermantasyonun başlangıcı ve bitimindeki hücre
protein profilleri (SDS-PAGE) karşılaştırılarak belirlenmiştir. Karışık kültür
kullanılarak üretilen turşularda en yüksek asitlik değerine (% 0.87)
fermantasyonun 20. gününde ulaşıldığı belirlenmiş ve pH değeri 3.26 olarak
ölçülmüştür. Kontrol örneğinde asitlik artışı starter kullanılan turşu
örneklerine kıyasla daha yavaş gerçekleşmiştir. L. plantarum suşlarının
fermantasyon sonuna kadar stabilitelerini korudukları ve ortamdaki baskın
mikroorganizmalar oldukları belirlenmiştir. Depolama sonrası en yüksek laktik
asit (1.62 g/100 mL) ve en düşük etil alkol (0.26 g/100 mL) miktarı MF513-MF179
suşlarının kullanıldığı turşu örneğinde ölçülmüştür.
Helyzetkép az elvándorlásban érintett orvosi szakterületek hazai humánerőforrás-ellátottságáról
Authors: Kovács Eszter , Girasek Edmond , Kozák Anna , Sziklai Márta , Bélteki Zsolt , György Annamária , Páva Hanna , Szócska Miklós
Published: July 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: The Human Resources for Health (HRH) mobility and migration are considered as global phenomena. The European Union often faces the mobility of health professionals on a system level. Hungary is recognised among the sending countries, therefore both international and national level health workforce monitoring, planning, and forecasting are inevitable. Aim: The purpose of this research was to investigate the national demographical profiles of the medical professions affected most significantly by the Hungarian HRH mobility process. Method: Age and regional distribution analyses of the requests for degree certificate issued by the National Healthcare Services Centre were carried out between the years of 2010 and 2017. Results: In Hungary, the rate of mobility – the number of requests for degree certificate among the licensed to practice professionals – resulted in the following: the highest rate was detected in anaesthesiology and intensive therapy with 23.5%, in surgery 17.9%, then internal medicine 7.9%, paediatrics 7.4%, and in general practice 6.4%. According to the results, in the 5 above mentioned professions, the physicians most affected by mobility are mostly from the age cohort of 50+. Furthermore, the results also highlight the territorial inequalities: the region of the capital as well as the medical university towns and counties are in the most favourable situation in terms of professional care and supply. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that in the case of the 5 investigated subspecialties, not only the overall age of the physicians is higher in the disadvantaged areas, but these regions also have to face a more severe shortage of specialists. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(31): 1223–1230.
Laryngokeleeseteink műtéti megoldásai
Authors: Kiricsi Ágnes , Fazekas Piroska , Nagy Attila , Tóbiás Zoltán , Bella Zsolt , Rovó László , Csanády Miklós
Published: July 2019

Abstract:

Laryngocele is a unilateral or bilateral dilation of the saccule or appendix of the laryngeal ventricle. It is a benign lesion, often without any specific symptom, diagnosed unintentionally, but it can cause life-threatening airway obstruction, needing emergency tracheotomy. The authors present three cases of laryngocele and the related surgical methods. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(31): 1235–1240.
HeRO (Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow) graft alkalmazása tartós hemodialíziskezelés során
Authors: Legeza Péter , Garbaisz Dávid , Szeberin Zoltán , Sótonyi Péter
Published: July 2019

Abstract:

Creating durable vascular access has become more complicated with the improvement of the management and with the increasing survival of patients with end-stage renal disease. HeRO (Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow) graft allows to maintain vascular access on the upper limb in patients with the presence of bilateral central venous occlusion. Our institute was the first in Hungary to perform a HeRO graft implantation in a patient receiving regular hemodialysis. Our objective was to present our findings with this recent innovation. Case report, medical documentation and imaging studies were reviewed. The patient (73-year-old, female) has been receiving hemodialysis since 12 years with the history of several arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creations, thrombectomies, use of central venous catheter in both sides. Following the occlusion of a left cubital arterio-venous fistula, none of the conventional vascular access types could have been performed due to bilateral subclavian vein occlusion. Successful HeRO graft implantation was performed. The patient underwent graft thrombectomy and endovascular intervention 7 and 12 months after the original procedure. After both reoperations, the graft functioned well for hemodialysis. HeRO graft can be a good alternative to central venous catheters and lower limb arterio-venous grafts in cases of bilateral central venous occlusion. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(31): 1231–1234.
Cochlearis implantátumok különböző, előre görbített elektródasorainak elhelyezkedése a cochlea tengelyéhez viszonyítva. Radiológiai vizsgálat a perimodiolaritás mértékének megállapítására
Authors: Perényi Ádám , Nagy Roland , Dimák Balázs , Csanády Miklós , Jóri József , Kiss József Géza , Rovó László
Published: July 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: The cochlear implants vary in electrodes in terms of length, width and proximity to the modiolus. The precurved electrode arrays could be placed closer to the modiolus and the ganglion cells compared to straight electrodes. The two types of electrode arrays provide different electrophysiological characteristics; however, proximity to the modiolus may lead to better hearing performance. Aim: To investigate our preliminary electrophysiological results that suggest that the Slim Modiolar (SM) electrode array has the potential to elicit similar neural responses as the thicker perimodiolar (Contour Advance, CA) electrode from the same generation of implants. Method: Subjects that were implanted either with CA or SM electrodes were enrolled, 54 consecutive subjects in each group. All electrodes were introduced into the cochlea via the round window. The diameter of the largest turn of the electrode arrays within the cochlea was measured through postoperative radiography. The energy consumption parameters were estimated 2 months after implantation. Results: The mean of the largest turns of the arrays within the cochlea was 4.2 ± 0.5 mm in the SM group and 4.9 ± 1.1 mm in the CA group. ‘Auto power’ was 44.81 ± 5.05% and 50.85 ± 8.35% with SM and CA, respectively. Estimated energy consumption was lower with SM. The differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Our measurements for a large cohort in each group suggest that the SM electrode array takes a significantly closer position to the modiolus than the CA. This finding supports our earlier electrophysiological result and indicates better performance abilities. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(31): 1216–1222.