bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspektif Wesleyan-Arminian terhadap Konsep Dikuduskan karena Posisi dan Implementasinya dalam Kehidupan Orang Percaya
Authors: Hulu Yupiter
Published: May 2020

In the mid of the world bustle, civilization and technology development, many Christian are ignoring the Biblical holiness standards. Apparently, enthusiasm in discussing, learning and understanding about holiness values and standards is very less. Some people think that it is too hard to be achieved and experienced. God calls His people to be a holy and pleasing in His sight. In New Testament Understanding when God calls His people, He will not let them walk alone. The works of God through the Holy Spirit will help and equip believers to live their life. Through the gift of the Holy Spirit, believers equipped and given a new “position” that might believers grow in it and please God through their new identity.
Studi Komparatif Eskatologi Lukas terhadap Pandangan Eskatologi Matius dan Markus
Authors: Damarwanti Seri
Published: May 2020

Eskatologi Injil Sinoptik memberikan penekanan yang sama dalam masa penggenapan nubuat Perjanjian Lama melalui kehadiran Yesus Kristus. Eskatologi menurut penulis Injil Sinoptik mengacu pada hal yang sama : Kerajaan Allah dijadikan penekanan dan dihadirkan dalam aspek masa kini dan masa datang. Kerajaan Allah telah hadir di tengah-tengah manusia dengan hadirnya Yesus Kristus ke dunia pada masa itu dan saat ini hadir dan memanifestasikan diri dalam kehadiran dan karya Roh Kudus dalam hidup orang percaya.Aspek lain yang ditekankan adalah apa yang seharusnya dilakukan oleh para murid pada masa penantian saat ini. Iman dan sikap hidup yang seperti apakah yang dituntut agar beroleh bagian dalam Kerajaan Surga.Yang berbeda dalam ketiga Injil itu terletak pada issue pokok setiap penulis Injil, yaitu : pada Lukas, eskatologi lebih menekankan issue “kesegeraan” dimana kedatangan Anak Manusia untuk menyelesaikan misi Allah bagi dunia akan terjadi “secepatnya”, dalam arti bahwa tanda-tanda yang menyertainya sudah ada ; pada Matius, yang ditekankan adalah pada aspek “penundaan” berhubung dengan masa penantian sehingga Yesus ingin agar para murid lebih berfokus pada apa yang perlu mereka lakukan dalam masa penantian ini agar mereka tidak kehilangan bagian yang telah dijanjikan itu ; pada Markus, kehadiran Kerajaan Allah menjadi pokok utama, dimana sesungguhnya kehidupan Kerajaan itu sendiri telah hadir di tengah-tengah umat percaya, dan di sisi lain juga menantikan datangnya penggenapan hadirnya Kerajaan Allah di masa yang akan datang.
Nubuatan Tentang Mesias dari Kitab Para Nabi
Authors: Condro Kuncoro
Published: May 2020

Konsep Mesias menurut para nabi Perjanjian Lama bermula karena ancaman yang menjadikan Kerajaan Israel dan Yehuda jatuh ke tangan musuh dan menjadikan mereka hidup dalam penderitaan. Para Nabi menyampaikan berita tentang kedatangan seorang raja dari keturunan Daud yang kan memumulihkan kerajaan Daud yang telah runtuh. Pribadi Mesias ini sangat perkasa karena ada Roh Allah yang ada padaNya sehingga mampu untuk memulihkan, memerintah kerajaan sehingga suasana damai sejahtera, penuh dengan kelimpahan dan keamanan serta keadilan dirasakan oleh masyarakat. Mesias adalah seorang pembebas yang mampu melepaskan bangsanya dari ancaman bangsa asing. Konsep Mesias sebagai pembebas secara politik dan kekuasaan yang akhirnya dipegang oleh bangsa Israel hingga masa kini.
Gaya “Permainan Kata dan Pernyataan yang Disalahpahami” Sebagai Cara yang Lebih Efektif dalam Berteologi Dibandingkan Dengan Gaya Tulisan Deklaratif dalam Tulisan Yohanes
Authors: Damarwanti Seri
Published: May 2020

Jesus taught by various methods and they were emphasized specifically by every Gospel writer. John succeeded in founding a different model of Jesus' teaching from other Gospel writers, where he saw the element of misinterpreted words and statements as a deliberate act that Jesus created to make his hearers understand the meaning of his teaching more clearly and vividly than when Jesus used other methods. This paper describes descriptively about the study of words, the selection of words, the background context and the issues that accompany each event, as well as the teaching objectives correlated with the future fulfillment of Jesus' words, to help the readers understand that the teaching method used is the right method.
Optimalisasi Fungsi-Fungsi Jabatan Kepemimpinan Gerejawi sebagai Salah Satu Perwujudan Pelayanan yang Holistik
Authors: Jatmiko Bakhoh
Published: May 2020

Gambaran yang diberikan Alkitab tentang Gereja menunjukkan betapa penting dan istimewanya gereja di mata Tuhan. Kehadiran gereja tentu untuk menggenapi desain rencana Tuhan dalam menjadi saksi-Nya, menyatakan kasih-Nya dan bekerja bersama Dia untuk menyatakan pengampunan-Nya kepada dunia. Gereja harus mampu memberi jawaban atas kebutuhan-kebutuhan dunia yang begitu kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan model Alkitabiah bagaimana gereja harus berperan di dalam melayani dunia secara holistik dengan kelengkapan dan fungsi kepemimpinan yang dijelaskan di dalam Alkitab. Metode pendekatan yang akan dilakukan adalah dengan mengkaji teks-teks Perjanjian Baru yang terkait dengan jabatan kepemimpinan dalam konteks gereja mula-mula. Gereja mula-mula dilengkapi dengan jabatan Rasul, Diaken dan Penatua dengan peran dan fungsi masing-masing yang saling melengkapi dan mewujudkan pelayaan holistik di dalam gereja. Gereja akan mampu mewujudkan pelayanan holistik, jika gereja mengoptimalkan jabatan gerejawi yang di tetapkan di dalam Alkitab.
Pelayanan Hamba Tuhan dalam Tugas Penggembalaan Jemaat
Authors: Santoso Joko
Published: May 2020

Pelayanan Hamba Tuhan dalam tugas penggembalaan jemaat di era mileniel mendapat ujian dan tantangan berat. Pengaruh kemajuan dan perkembangan peradaban sangat berdampak dan

mengikis nilai-nilai kebenaran yang telah ditanamkan oleh  bapa-bapa gereja. Kemurnian sebagai hamba Tuhan dalam melaksanakan tugas pelayanan penggembalaan jemaat dipertaruhkan. Kesetiaan terhadap Alkitab sebagai sumber perilaku dan pelaksanaan panggilan pelayanan jemaat dipertanyakan. Dan pengabdian sebagai hamba Tuhan menjadi pergumulan hidup dalam sepanjang sejarah gereja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan sejauh mana telah terjadi pergeseran nilai hamba Tuhan dalam melaksanakan tugas pelayanan. Hasilnya menjadi gambaran nyata betapa pentingnya sebagai hamba Tuhan tetap konsisten menjaga diri sesuai dengan Alkitab sumber perilaku dan alat ukur kehidupan hamba Tuhan sebagai wujud pertanggung jawab pelaksanaan tugas pelayanan penggembalaan kepada Tuhan.
Studi Onomastika Biblikal dalam Sejarah Linguistik Penulisan Teks Perjanjian Baru
Authors: Jatmiko Bakhoh
Published: May 2020

Pembahasan di dalam artikel ini berkisar pada kajian onomastika (studi tentang nama) di dalam teks Perjanjian Baru (PB). Kajian ini akan dikaitkan dengan sejarah bahasa yang ada di wilayah sekitar laut Mediterania yang telah menjadi lokus penulisan teks asli PB. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan pendekatan historis-linguistik baik secara dalam konteks biblikal maupun geografis. Dari kajian yang dilakukan, terdapat kenyataan penting bahwa perkembangan sejarah lingual wilayah sekitar laut Mediterania membawa pengaruh signifikan terhadap praktek pemberian nama masyarakat yang hidup di wilayah ini. Demikian juga, penggunaan Bahasa Yunani sebagai bahasa teks PB juga sangat terkait dengan peristiwa sejarah dominasi bangsa Yunani di wilayah itu. Nama-nama di dalam teks PB menunjukkan keragaman bahasa dalam sejarah lokus penulisannya. PB mencatat nama-nama tokoh yang berasal dari berbagai vorlage yang memiliki kaitan sejarah dengan wilayah itu, seperti bahasa Ibrani, Aram, Latin dan Yunani.
Kuasa Tuhan Nyata Sempurna dalam Kelemahan Manusia di Tinjau dari II Korintus 12:9
Authors: Preskila Eka
Published: May 2020

Dalam surat II Korintus, Paulus menuliskan bahwa dalam dirinya terdapat duri dalam daging, sehingga ia meminta kepada Tuhan untuk melepaskan duri iru dari dalam dirinya. Seperti yang telah diketahui, bahwa Paulus adalah seorang misionaris yang besar, yangbegitu taat dan berani demi Injil Kristus, dia adalah salah satu rasul yang terkenal. Menaggapi hal itu, Tuhan berkata kepada Paulus bahwa Telah cukup anugerah-Nya bagi Paulus dan kekuatan-Nya nyata dan sempurna di dalam kelamahan. Jadi, apa sebenarnya yang dimaksud dengan duri dalam daging? Apa jawaban Tuhan mengenai hal itu? Dan bagaimana reaksi Paulus setelah mendengar jawaban dari Tuhan?
Menerima Karunia Selibat: Karunia yang Khas dari Allah (Eksegesa 1 Korintus 7:7)
Authors: Hutagalung Kezia
Published: May 2020

Paulus adalah pendiri jemaat Korintus, ia menulis surat ini ketika ia ada di Efesus. Khusus di bagian ini, Paulus menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan dari jemaat Korintus tentang apakah seseorang itu harus menikah atau tidak, itu tergantung kepada karunia mereka yang diberikan Allah. Ini berkaitan dengan kehidupan di Korintus, mereka dipengaruhi dengan kecemaran, juga dengan anggapan beberapa jemaat bahwa lebih baik tidak menikah supaya mereka bisa hidup sesuai dengan Injil.
Estimating CH4, CO2, and CO emissions from coal mining and industrial activities in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using an aircraft-based mass balance approach
Authors: Fiehn Alina , Kostinek Julian , Eckl Maximilian , Klausner Theresa , Gałkowski Michał , Chen Jinxuan , Gerbig Christoph , Röckmann Thomas , Maazallahi Hossein , Schmidt Martina , Korbeń Piotr , Nȩcki Jarosław , Jagoda Pawel , Wildmann Norman , Mallaun Christian , Bun Rostyslav , Nickl Anna-Leah , Jöckel Patrick , Fix Andreas , Roiger Anke
Published: May 2020

Abstract. A severe reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to reach the objectives of the Paris Agreement. The implementation and continuous evaluation of mitigation measures requires regular independent information on emissions of the two main anthropogenic greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Our aim is to employ an observation-based method to determine regional-scale greenhouse gas emission estimates with high accuracy. We use aircraft- and ground-based in situ observations of CH4, CO2, carbon monoxide (CO), and wind speed from two research flights over the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), Poland, in summer 2018. The flights were performed as a part of the Carbon Dioxide and Methane (CoMet) mission above this European CH4 emission hot spot region. A kriging algorithm interpolates the observed concentrations between the downwind transects of the trace gas plume and then the mass flux through this plane is calculated. Finally, statistic and systematic uncertainties are calculated from measurement uncertainties and through several sensitivity tests, respectively. For the two selected flights, the in situ derived annual CH4 emission estimates are 13.8 ± 3.6 kg/s and 15.1 ± 3.0 kg/s, which is well within the range of emission inventories. The regional emission estimates of CO2, which were determined to be 1.21 ± 0.72 t/s and 1.12 ± 0.37 t/s, are in the lower range of emission inventories. CO mass balance emissions of 10.1 ± 3.2 kg/s and 10.7 ± 2.9 kg/s for the USCB are slightly higher than the emission inventory values. The CH4 emission estimate has a relative error of 21–26 %, the CO2 estimate of 33–60 %, and the CO estimate of 27–32 %. These errors mainly result from the uncertainty of atmospheric background mole fractions and the changing planetary boundary layer height during the morning flight. In the case of CO2, biospheric fluxes also add to the uncertainty and hamper the assessment of emission inventories. These emission estimates characterize the USCB and help to verify emission inventories and develop climate mitigation strategies.
Baffin Bay sea ice extent and synoptic moisture transport drive water vapor isotope (δ18O, δD, d-excess) variability in coastal northwest Greenland
Authors: Akers Pete D. , Kopec Ben G. , Mattingly Kyle S. , Klein Eric S. , Causey Douglas , Welker Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. At Thule Air Base on the coast of Baffin Bay (76.51° N 68.74° W), we continuously measured water vapor isotopes (δ18O, δD) at high frequency (1 s−1) from August 2017 through August 2019. Our resulting record, including derived deuterium-excess (dxs) values, allows for analysis of isotopic–meteorological relationships at an unprecedented level of detail and duration for High Arctic Greenland. We examine isotopic variability across multiple temporal scales from daily to annual, revealing that isotopic values at Thule are determined by five interacting factors: (a) local air temperature, (b) local marine moisture availability, (c) the NAO, (d) surface wind regime, and (e) land-based evaporation/sublimation. Each factor's relative importance changes in response to seasonal shifts in Thule's environment, largely driven by the sea ice extent in northern Baffin Bay. Winter sea ice coverage forces distant sourcing of vapor that is isotopically light from fractionation during transport and prevents isotopic exchange with local waters. Late spring sea ice breakup triggers a rapid isotopic change at Thule as the newly open ocean supplies warmth and moisture that is 10 ‰ and 70 ‰ higher in δ18O and δD, respectively, and 13 ‰ lower in dxs. Sea ice retreat also leads to other environmental changes, such as sea breeze development, that dramatically alter the nature of relationships between isotopes and many meteorological variables in summer. On shorter temporal scales, enhanced southerly flow promoted by negative NAO conditions produce higher δ18O and δD values and lower dxs values. Diel isotopic cycles are generally very small as a result of a moderated coastal climate and counteracting isotopic effects of the sea breeze and local evaporation. Future losses in Baffin Bay sea ice extent will likely shift mean annual isotopic compositions toward more summer-like values, and past reductions should be similarly preserved in local glacial ice. These findings highlight the strong influence local environment has on isotope dynamics and the need for dedicated, multi-season monitoring to fully understand the controls on water vapor isotope variability.
Dependency of Particle Size Distribution at Dust Emission on Friction Velocity and Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Stability
Authors: Shao Yaping , Zhang Jie , Ishizuka Masahide , Mikami Masao , Leys John , Huang Ning
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Particle size distribution of dust at emission (dust PSD) is an essential quantity to be estimated in dust studies. It has been recognized in earlier research that dust PSD is dependent on soil properties (e.g. whether soil is sand or clay) and friction velocity, u*, a surrogate for surface shear stress and descriptor for saltation bombardment intensity. This recognition has been challenged in some recent papers, causing a debate on whether dust PSD is invariant and the search for justification. In this paper, we analyze dust PSD measured in the Japan-Australian Dust Experiment and show that dust PSD is dependent on u* and on atmospheric boundary-layer stability. By simple theoretical and numerical analysis, we explain the three reasons for the latter dependency. First, under similar mean wind conditions, the mean of u* is larger for unstable than for stable conditions. Second, u* is stochastic and its probability distribution profoundly influences the magnitude of the mean saltation flux due to the non-linear relationship between saltation flux and u*. Third, in unstable conditions, turbulence is usually stronger, which leads to higher saltation-bombardment intensity. This study confirms that dust PSD depends on u*, and more precisely, on the probability distribution of u*, which itself is stability dependent. We restate that for a given soil, finer dust is released in case of stronger saltation.
A low-activity ion source for measurement of atmospheric gases by chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Young Ro , Ji Yi , Tanner David J. , Huey L. Gregory
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Most I−-CIMSs (iodide chemical ionization mass
spectrometers) for measurement of atmospheric trace gases utilize a
radioactive ion source with an initial activity of 10 or 20 mCi of
210Po. In this work, we characterize a 210Po ion source with an
initial activity of 1.5 mCi that can be easily constructed from commercially
available components. The low level of radioactive activity of this source
significantly reduces regulatory burden with storage and shipping relative
to higher-activity sources. We compare the sensitivity of the low-activity
source (LAS) to a standard 20 mCi source, as a function of carrier gas flow
and flow tube pressure, for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), formic acid
(HCO2H), molecular chlorine (Cl2) and nitryl chloride
(ClNO2), using an I−-CIMS. The LAS provides 2 to 5 times less
sensitivity than that of the standard source even though the ratio of
activity is approximately 13. However, detection limits of less than 2 pptv
for the tested compounds are achieved for integration times on the order of
a minute. The sensitivity of the LAS is less dependent on the magnitude of
the carrier gas than a standard source. In addition, the LAS provides
maximum sensitivity at relatively low carrier gas flows. Finally, we
demonstrate that the LAS can be used to measure PAN in the remote atmosphere
from an aircraft by showing data obtained on the NASA DC-8 during the
Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission. In summary, the LAS may be an
excellent substitute for a standard ion source in short-term field
deployments.
MICRU background map and effective cloud fraction algorithms designed for UV/vis satellite instruments with large viewing angles
Authors: Sihler Holger , Beirle Steffen , Dörner Steffen , Gutenstein-Penning de Vries Marloes , Hörmann Christoph , Borger Christian , Warnach Simon , Wagner Thomas
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Clouds impact the radiative transfer of the Earth's atmosphere and strongly influence satellite measurements in the UV visible and IR spectral ranges. For satellite measurements of trace gases absorbing in the UV/vis spectral range, particularly clouds ultimately determine the vertical sensitivity profile, mainly by reducing the sensitivity for trace gas columns below the cloud. The Mainz Iterative Cloud Retrieval Utilities (MICRU) algorithm is specifically designed to reduce the error budget of trace gas retrievals, such as those for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which strongly depends on the accuracy of small cloud fractions (CF) in particular. The accuracy of MICRU is governed by an empirical parametrisation of the viewing geometry dependent background surface reflectivity taking instrumental and physical effects into account. Instrumental effects are mainly degradation and polarisation effects, physical effects are due to the anisotropy of the surface reflectivity, e.g. shadowing of plants and sun glitter. MICRU is applied to main science channel (MSC) and polarisation measuring device (PMD) data collected between April 2007 and June 2013 by the GOME-2A instrument onboard the MetOp-A satellite. CF are retrieved at different spectral bands between 374 and 758 nm. The MICRU results for MSC and PMD at different wavelengths are inter-compared to study CF precision and accuracy, which depend on wavelength and spatial correlation. Furthermore, MICRU results are compared to FRESCO (Fast Retrieval Scheme for Clouds from the Oxygen A band) and OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) operational cloud products. We show that MICRU retrieves small CF with an accuracy of 0.04 or better for the entire 1920 km wide swath with a potential bias between −0.01 and −0.03. CF retrieved at shorter wavelengths are less affected by adverse surface heterogeneities. The comparison to the operational CF algorithms shows that MICRU significantly reduces the dependence on viewing angle, time, and sun glitter. Systematic effects along coasts are particularly small for MICRU due to its dedicated treatment of land and ocean surfaces. The MICRU algorithm is designed for spectroscopic instruments ranging from the GOME to TROPOMI/Sentinel-5P, but is also applicable to UV/vis imagers like, for example, AVHRR, MODIS, VIIRS, and Sentinel-2.
Wavevector spectral signature of decay instability in space plasmas
Authors: Comisel Horia , Narita Yasuhito , Motschmann Uwe
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Identification of a large-amplitude Alfven wave decaying into a pair of ion-acoustic and daughter Alfven waves is one of the major goals in the observational studies of space plasma nonlinearity. In this study, the decay instability is analytically evaluated in the 2-D wavenumber domain spanning the parallel and perpendicular directions to the mean magnetic field. The growth-rate determination of the density perturbations is based on the Hall-MHD wave-wave coupling theory for circularly-polarized Alfven waves. The diagrams of the growth rates versus the wavenumber and propagation angle derived in analytical studies are replaced by 2-D wavenumber distributions and compared with the corresponding wavevector spectrum of density and magnetic field fluctuations. The actual study reveals a perpendicular-shape spectral pattern consistent with the result of a previous study based on 3-D hybrid numerical simulations. The wavevector signature of the decay instability observed in the two-dimensional wavenumber domain ceases at values of plasma beta larger than beta = 0.1. Growth-rate maps serve as a useful tool for predictions of the wavevector spectrum of density or magnetic field fluctuations in various scenarios for the wave-wave coupling processes developing at different stages in space plasma turbulence.
Ionospheric Anomalies Associated with Mw7.3 Iran-Iraq Border Earthquake and a Moderate Magnetic Storm
Authors: Şentürk Erman , İnyurt Samed , Sertçelik İbrahim
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The analysis of the unexpected ionospheric phases before large earthquakes is a popular approach in earthquake prediction studies. In this study, the Total Electron Content (TEC) data of five International GNSS Service (IGS) stations and the Global Ionosphere Maps (GIMs) were used. The Short-time Fourier Transform (STFT) and a running median process were applied on the TEC time series to detect abnormalities before the Mw7.3 Iran-Iraq border earthquake on November 12, 2017. The analyzes showed positive anomalies 8–9 days before the earthquake and some positive/negative anomalies 1–6 days before the earthquake. These anomalies were cross-checked by space weather indices Kp, Dst, F10.7, Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz), electric field (Ey), and plasma speed (VSW). The results showed that the anomalies 1–6 days before the earthquake caused by a moderate magnetic storm. Also, the positive anomalies 8–9 days before the earthquake should be related to the Iran-Iraq border earthquake due to quiet space weather, local dispersion, and proximity to the epicenter.
The GGCMI Phase 2 experiment: global gridded crop model simulations under uniform changes in CO2, temperature, water, and nitrogen levels (protocol version 1.0)
Authors: Franke James A. , Müller Christoph , Elliott Joshua , Ruane Alex C. , Jägermeyr Jonas , Balkovic Juraj , Ciais Philippe , Dury Marie , Falloon Pete D. , Folberth Christian , François Louis , Hank Tobias , Hoffmann Munir , Izaurralde R. Cesar , Jacquemin Ingrid , Jones Curtis , Khabarov Nikolay , Koch Marian , Li Michelle , Liu Wenfeng , Olin Stefan , Phillips Meridel , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Reddy Ashwan , Wang Xuhui , Williams Karina , Zabel Florian , Moyer Elisabeth J.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Concerns about food security under climate change motivate efforts to better understand future changes in crop yields.
Process-based crop models, which represent plant physiological and soil processes, are necessary tools for this purpose since they allow representing future climate and management conditions not sampled in the historical record and new locations to which cultivation may shift.
However, process-based crop models differ in many critical details, and their responses to different interacting factors remain only poorly understood.
The Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison (GGCMI) Phase 2 experiment, an activity of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP), is designed to provide a systematic parameter sweep focused on climate change factors and their interaction with overall soil fertility, to allow both evaluating model behavior and emulating model responses in impact assessment tools.
In this paper we describe the GGCMI Phase 2 experimental protocol and its simulation data archive.
A total of 12 crop models simulate five crops with systematic uniform perturbations of historical climate, varying CO2, temperature, water supply, and applied nitrogen (“CTWN”) for rainfed and irrigated agriculture, and a second set of simulations represents a type of adaptation by allowing the adjustment of growing season length.
We present some crop yield results to illustrate general characteristics of the simulations and potential uses of the GGCMI Phase 2 archive.
For example, in cases without adaptation, modeled yields show robust decreases to warmer temperatures in almost all regions, with a nonlinear dependence that means yields in warmer baseline locations have greater temperature sensitivity.
Inter-model uncertainty is qualitatively similar across all the four input dimensions but is largest in high-latitude regions where crops may be grown in the future.
The Ensemble Framework For Flash Flood Forecasting (EF5) v1.2: Description and Case Study
Authors: Flamig Zachary L. , Vergara Humberto , Gourley Jonathan J.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The Ensemble Framework For Flash Flood Forecasting (EF5) was developed specifically for improving hydrologic predictions to aid in the issuance of flash flood warnings by the U.S. National Weather Service. EF5 features multiple water balance models and two routing schemes which can be used to generate ensemble forecasts of streamflow, streamflow normalized by upstream basin area (i.e., unit streamflow), and soil saturation. EF5 is designed to utilize high resolution precipitation forcing datasets now available in near real time. A study on flash flood scale basins was conducted over the conterminous United States using gauged basins with catchment areas less than 1,000 km2. The results of the study show that the three uncalibrated water balance models linked to kinematic wave routing are skillful in streamflow prediction.
A multivariate statistical method for susceptibility analysis of debris flow in southwestern China
Authors: Ji Feng , Dai Zili , Li Renjie
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Southwestern China is characterized by many steep mountains and deep valleys due to the uplift activity of the Tibetan Plateau. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake left large amounts of loose materials in this area, making it a severe disaster zone in terms of debris flow. Susceptibility is a significant factor of debris flows for evaluating their formation and impact. Therefore, there is an urgent need to analyze the susceptibility to debris
flows of this area. To quantitatively predict the susceptibility of the area to debris
flows, this study evaluates 70 typical debris flow gullies, which are distributed along the Brahmaputra River, Nujiang River,
Yalong River, Dadu River, and Ming River, as statistical
samples. Nine indexes are
chosen to construct a factor index system and then to evaluate the
susceptibility to debris flow. They are the catchment area, longitudinal
gradient, average gradient of the slope on both sides of the gully,
catchment morphology, valley orientation, loose material reserves, location
of the main loose material, antecedent precipitation, and rainfall
intensity. Following this, an empirical model based on the Type I quantification theory is established for susceptibility prediction for debris flows in
southwestern China. Finally, 10 debris flow gullies upstream of the Dadu River are analyzed to verify the reliability of the proposed model. The results show that the accuracy of the statistical model is 90 %.
South Atlantic Anomalyduring ascending and maximum phase of solar cycle 24
Authors: Nasuddin Khairul Afifi , Abdullah Mardina , Abdul Hamid Nurul Shazana
Published: May 2020

Abstract. For this research, four regions have been studied which are the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region, low latitude region, middle latitude region and high latitude region. The active period which is the period when the geomagnetic storm occur chosen to be analyzed is on 6 August 2011 and 12 April 2014 and the normal period, a period when no geomagnetic storm happen is on 24 July 2011 and 14 May 2014. Year 2011 is chosen to be analyze in order to study the SAA region during the ascending phase of the solar cycle 24 and in year 2014, where the occurrence of the maximum phase of solar cycle 24 occur. The research is carried since there is no clear characterization of the SAA during ascending as well as maximum phase based on power spectrum analysis method. The Earth's magnetic field component chosen to be analyzed is the horizontal intensity (H) due to its sensitiveness regarding geomagnetic activeness. From the research conducted, the result reveal SAA region has a tendency to be persistent during both period compare to other region during both phases. Other regions in the research experience a tendency to be persistent and antipersistent.
Pathology and Therapeutics of COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Anwar Haleema , Khan Qudsia Umaira
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 pandemic has taken over the world. Spreading form its epicenter in a seafood market in Wuhan to more than 200 countries, it has caused alarming situations. The viral infection is caused by an RNA virus called SARS-CoV-2. Its genome resembles the SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV genome. COVID-19 cases were first reported in December 2019 in China; it affects the lungs causing mild to severe respiratory disease. No antiviral drug for the infection has been approved yet, but certain drugs are under consideration including Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and Teicoplanin. The review article will first present the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 and compare it to SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. The article will then highlight its effect on different organs. Finally, it will highlight the therapeutics which are in consideration and which are being used. The article will provide a good insight into the COVID-19 infection.
Significados locales de la empresa social. Una visión sobre hibridez de organizaciones desde el particularismo histórico
Authors: Pfeilstetter Richard , Gómez-Carrasco Itzíar
Published: May 2020

La hibridez es un concepto muy extendido para enmarcar el emprendimiento social como una combinación de negocio y bienestar social. Comparando dos empresas de inserción sociolaboral de Glasgow y Viena, este artículo explora como el significado de hibridez se construye localmente en Austria y Escocia. Muchas organizaciones pueden ser definidas como “híbridas” en base a análisis formales, sincrónicos y aislados. Por el contrario, un análisis en profundidad a menudo confirma que las organizaciones supuestamente híbridas suelen tener un desequilibrio importante entre sus objetivos sociales y económicos. Esta discusión en torno a la “falsa” o “verdadera” hibridez de las organizaciones concibe de manera inadecuada el valor social y económico en términos universales y absolutos, mientras que nosotros defendemos que su significado se negocia localmente. Por lo tanto, el punto intermedio entre altruismo y beneficio varía en función de una serie de instituciones, mercados, actores y regímenes de bienestar específicos e históricamente evolucionados.
The Population Health OutcomEs aNd Information Exchange (PHOENIX) Program - A Transformative Approach to Reduce the Burden of Chronic Disease
Authors: Korzeniewski Steven J. , Bezold Carla , Carbone Jason T. , Danagoulian Shooshan , Foster Bethany , Misra Dawn , El-Masri Maher M. , Zhu Dongxiao , Welch Robert , Meloche Lauren , Hill Alex B. , Levy Phillip
Published: May 2020

This concept article introduces a transformative vision to reduce the population burden of chronic disease by focusing on data integration, analytics, implementation and community engagement. Known as PHOENIX (The Population Health OutcomEs aNd Information EXchange), the approach leverages a state level health information exchange and multiple other resources to facilitate the integration of clinical and social determinants of health data with a goal of achieving true population health monitoring and management. After reviewing historical context, we describe how multilevel and multimodal data can be used to facilitate core public health services, before discussing the controversies and challenges that lie ahead.
Model-Based Recursive Partitioning of Patients’ Return Visits to Multispecialty Clinic During the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza (pH1N1)
Authors: Mgbere Osaro , Khuwaja Salma
Published: May 2020

Background

During the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (pH1N1), the proportion of outpatient visits to emergency departments, clinics and hospitals became elevated especially during the early months of the pandemic due to surges in sick, ‘worried well’ or returning patients seeking care. We determined the prevalence of return visits to a multispecialty clinic during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and identify subgroups at risk for return visits using model-based recursive partitioning.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of ILI-related medical care visits to multispecialty clinic in Houston, Texas obtained as part of the Houston Health Department Influenza Sentinel Surveillance Project (ISSP) during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza (April 2009 – April 2010). The data comprised of 2680 individuals who made a total of 2960 clinic visits. Return visit was defined as any visit following the index visit after the wash-out phase prior to the study period. We applied nominal logistic regression and recursive partition models to determine the independent predictors and the response probabilities of return visits. The sensitivity and specificity of the outcomes probabilities was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

Overall, 4.56% (Prob. 0.0%-17.5%) of the cohort had return visits with significant variations observed attributed to age group (76.0%) and type of vaccine received by patients (18.4%) and Influenza A (pH1N1) test result (5.6%). Patients in age group 0-4 years were 9 times (aOR: 8.77, 95%CI: 3.39-29.95, p<0.0001) more likely than those who were 50+ years to have return visits. Similarly, patients who received either seasonal flu (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI 1.01-2.50, p=0.047) or pH1N1 (aOR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.09-2.75, p=0.022) vaccines were about twice more likely to have return visits compared to those with no vaccination history. Model-based recursive partitioning yielded 19 splits with patients in subgroup I (patients of age group 0-4 years, who tested positive for pH1N1, and received both seasonal flu and pH1N1 vaccines) having the highest risk of return visits (Prob.=17.5%). The area under the curve (AUC) for both return and non-return visits was 72.9%, indicating a fairly accurate classification of the two groups.

Conclusions

Return visits in our cohort was more prevalent among children and young adults and those that received either seasonal flu or pH1N1 or both vaccines. Understanding the dynamics in care-seeking behavior during pandemic would assist policymakers with appropriate resource allocation, and in the design of initiatives aimed at mitigating surges and recurrent utilization of the healthcare system.

Keywords: Model-based recursive partitioning, subgroup analysis, Influenza-like-illness, H1N1, influenza pandemic, care-seeking behavior, return visit
Isolation, Identification and Molecular Characterization of Nocardiopsaceae Producing Novel Antibiotics From Soil Samples in Bingol, Turkey
Authors: Abuzerr Samer , Zinszer Kate , Qadir Syamand Ahmed , Atalan Ekrem , Farag Halgord Ali M. , Bilbeisi Abdel Hamid el , Hamafaraj Kawa Khwarahm , Naser Rima , Qader Miran Husein , Salem Alshaarawi , Afifi Amany Al , Musleh Salem Abu
Published: May 2020

There is growing interest in the antimicrobial discovery of life-threatening multidrug-resistant pathogens. The study was undertaken to isolate, identify, and characterize antibiotic-producing actinomycetaceae, particularly nocadisosaceae, from soil samples of Bingol, Turkey. Soil samples were collected from three different regions of Bingol, Turkey. The physicochemical analysis of the soil samples was immediately measured using standard methods. This was followed by isolation of Nocardiopsaceae, nutritional tests, chemotaxonomic analysis, and molecular characterization. The isolated organisms showed morphological properties consistent with the Nocardiopsaceae soil bacteria.  The 16s rDNA gene sequence indicated a similarity between the strains with 99.86% which was Nocardiopsaceae synnemata-formans. The BLAST hits had a significant e-value of 0.005. The results of the present study revealed that soil Nocardiopsaceae of Bingol appears to have immense potential as a source of antibacterial compounds.
La biblioteca escolar y su contribución a la motivación por la lectura
Authors: Hernández Valdés Maria Del Carmen , Rodríguez Betancour Mireya , Echemendía Pérez Leticia
Published: May 2020

La práctica de lecturas rutinarias y tradicionales durante el proceso educativo se ha convertido en una problemática, sobre todo, cuando el escolar necesita sentir esta actividad como disfrute y creación personal. En el artículo se identifican problemas latentes al respecto y se plantean las bases teóricas teniendo en cuenta aportes de diferentes ciencias y disciplinas afines a la didáctica de la lectura que son coherentes con las ideas educativas que identifican la tradición pedagógica cubana. Siendo el principal objetivo, exponer las tendencias y los principales presupuestos asumidos que sustentan el problema relacionado con la motivación por la lectura. Las actividades proyectan el proceso de formación de lectores de un modo dinámico y creativo, a partir de una perspectiva que integra el empleo de técnicas de animación de la lectura, un estilo participativo y democrático, provocando efectos emotivos en los escolares. El estudio se desarrolló en el período de septiembre de 2018 a marzo de 2019. Para evaluar la efectividad del estudio se empleó el método de experimento pedagógico, en su modalidad de pre - experimento, con un diseño de pre - test y pos - test. Los efectos positivos logrados en los escolares del grupo experimental con respecto a los niveles de motivación, han demostrado la pertinencia y efectividad de las actividades propuestas.
O atendimento à infância rio-grandina como medida de segurança à população da cidade (1900 a 1980) / The rio-grandina health care as a safety measure to the city population (1900-1980)
Authors: Gutierres Borges Juliana Diniz
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa que procurou analisar as práticas de atendimento às crianças de zero a três anos que constituíram possibilidades para a emergência da creche em Rio Grande/RS. O presente artigo foi desenvolvido a partir de aproximações com os estudos foucaultianos e visou analisar como o atendimento extradomiciliar destinado à pequena infância foi sendo configurado como uma medida de intervenção para minimizar riscos sociais. O estudo realiza análise documental de quatro instituições rio-grandinas, delineadas no século XX. No decorrer da análise, destaca os fios de proveniência que se configuraram como condições de possibilidade para a emergência das creches em Rio Grande, enquanto espaços pedagógicos, educadores, formadores de condutas e subjetividades infantis.***This work is the result of a research that sought to analyze the practices of care to children from zero to three years that were possibilities for the emergence of day care in Rio Grande / RS. The present article was developed based on approximations with the Foucaultian studies and aimed to analyze how the extradomiciliar care destined to the small childhood was being configured as an intervention measure to minimize social risks. The study carries out documentary analysis of four rio-grandine institutions, outlined in the twentieth century. In the course of the analysis, it highlights the threads of provenance that were configured as conditions of possibility for the emergence of day care centers in Rio Grande, as pedagogical spaces, educators, trainers of conducts and children's subjectivities.
Responses to different feeding levels during the first month post-insemination in highly prolific multiparous sows
Authors: Seoane Senén , De Palo Pasquale , Lorenzo José M. , Maggiolino Aristide , González Pablo , Pérez-Ciria Leticia , Latorre María A.
Published: May 2020

Aim of study: To evaluate the impact of the feed level during the first month of gestation on body weight evolution, backfat and loin muscle depths and reproductive performances in highly prolific sows.Area of study: Galicia (Northwestern Spain).Material and methods: Thirty-six Danbred sows were assigned to three experimental groups (n=12) receiving, from day 1 to 30 of pregnancy, 2.5, 3.0 or 3.5 kg/d of a standard diet (8.83 MJ net energy and 138.5 g crude protein/kg). In each group, the number of sows in the second-, third- and fourth-cycle was the same. All animals received, of the same diet, 2.5 kg/d from day 31 to 90 and 3.0 kg/d from day 91 to 107. Seven days prior the parturition, sows were moved to the farrowing-lactating facilities where spent until weaning receiving a common standard lactation diet. At 24 h post-farrowing, litters were standardized to 13 piglets each by cross-fostering.Main results: The optimal feeding level during the first 30 days of gestation was 3.0 kg/d because a lower amount penalized their body weight gain and a higher amount did not improve their fatty reserves. It is worth considering that the increase from 2.5 to 3.5 kg/d generated advantages at birth (higher and more homogenous piglet weights) but also handicaps (lower litter size). The effects were similar irrespective of the cycle number.Research highlights: Different feeding levels during the early pregnancy were tested because it is a critical period. Suppling 3.0 kg/d carried out the best productive and reproductive implications.
Perception of printing workers regarding occupational health hazards and safety measures
Authors: Abd El-Maksoud Mona Mohamed , Abdel-Latif Ali Nadia
Published: May 2020

Background and objective: Printing workers are frequently exposed to many forms of occupational hazards while doing their jobs. Little research was done in Egypt about printings occupational hazards, which constitute a huge burden on the affected workers and employment settings. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the perception of occupational hazards and safety measures among printing workers.Methods: Descriptive analytic design was carried out the current study at the Egyptian Book House Press in Cairo on a purposive sample of 200 workers using a structured questionnaire to collect data, which include demographic data, occupational hazards, predisposing factors and safety measures as perceived by workers.Results: The results revealed that the majority of workers exposed to moderate level of occupational health hazards and safety measures. The most hazards the printing workers are exposed to it, are health, chemical, injury and psychological hazards. Also, there is a highly statistically significant negative correlation with total occupational hazards and safety measures.Conclusions: The study can be concluded that the workers exposed to moderate occupational hazards. As well, the majority of workers stated that there is a moderate level of safety measures to occupational hazards in their workplace. Therefore, this study recommended that continuous training of the printing workers on safety guidelines and enforcement of standard safety practices to decrease the potential occupational hazards.
A health disparities study of MicroRNA-146a expression in prostate cancer samples derived from African American and European American patients
Authors: Stevenson Monet , Narendra Banerjee Narendra , Banerjee Narendra , Rawat Kuldeep , Chen Lin , Worthington Myla , Hodge Sasha , Walker Rayshawn , Verma Mukesh , Sarkar Fazlul , Mandal Santosh
Published: May 2020

Considering the prevalence of prostate cancer all over the world, it is desired to have tools, technologies, and biomarkers which help in early detection of the disease and discriminate different races and ethnic groups. Genetic information from the single gene analysis and genome-wide association studies have identified few biomarkers, however, the drivers of prostate cancer remain unknown in the majority of prostate cancer patients. In those cases where genetic association has been identified, the genes confer only a modest risk of this cancer, hence, making them less relevant for risk counseling and disease management. There is a need for additional biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. MicroRNAs are a class of non-protein coding RNA molecules that are frequently dysregulated in different cancers including prostate cancer and show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and targets for therapy. Here we describe the role of micro RNA 146a (miR-146a) which may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for prostate cancer, as indicated from the data presented in this report. Also, a pilot study indicated differential expression of miR-146a in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues from different racial groups. Reduced expression of miR-146a was observed in African American tumor tissues compared to those from European Whites This report provides a novel insight into understanding the prostate carcinogenesis.
Is the European Migration Crisis Caused by Russian Hybrid Warfare?
Authors: Veebel Viljar
Published: May 2020

Recent developments in European security situation, starting with the Russia-Ukraine conflict, followed by the complicated Brexit and political instability in the Middle East and North Africa, have given rise to instability in the European Union. Yet, none of the other factors could be compared with the risks caused by the massive influx of refugees into the EU that challenges both solidarity and responsibility of the member states. In this context, it is extremely important to understand the actual security threats related to the refugee crisis and the root causes of growing refugee flows. This article discusses the roots of large-scale migration flows in the European Union (EU) over the present decade and investigates the potential link between migration flows and modern hybrid warfare, referring to the coordination of various modes of warfare, such as military and non-military means, conventional and non-conventional capabilities, state and non-state actors with an aim to cause instability and disarrangement. It is intriguing to investigate whether the increase in migration flows could be linked to present confrontation in the global arena on the Russia-West axis. Common patterns of migration flows from Syria and Ukraine to the EU are discussed, as well as policy recommendations are given to diminish the negative impact of similar events in the future.
Posadzki antyelektrostatyczne kluczowym elementem ochrony przed elektrycznością statyczną – wybrane wymagania techniczne
Authors: Świątek-Żołyńska Sylwia , Majewski Tomasz , Niedostakiewicz Maciej
Published: May 2020

Potrzeba odprowadzania ładunków elektrostatycznych z powierzchni posadzki, czyli ochrona przed elektrycznością statyczną, występuje w pomieszczeniach, w których
w wyniku prowadzonych procesów technologicznych lub magazynowania składowane są substancje łatwopalne lub wybuchowe. Zagadnienie to jest również bardzo istotne
w przypadku procesów produkcyjnych, gdzie rozładowanie nagromadzonego potencjału elektrycznego może spowodować uszkodzenie lub zniszczenie produkowanego elementu. Posadzki antyelektrostatyczne zapewniają skuteczną ochronę przed elektrycznością statyczną i dlatego stanowią bardzo istotny element w procesie projektowania oraz realizacji obiektów przemysłowych.
MIKEL DUFRENNE: A FENOMENOLOGIA DA EXPERIÊNCIA ESTÉTICA
Authors: Werle Marco Aurélio
Published: May 2020

RESUMOTrata-se de explorar a relação entre a fenomenologia e a estética a partir da obra crítica de Mikel Dufrenne, na qual vemos uma aproximação entre fenomenologia e filosofia da existência por meio da arte. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: estética, fenomenologia; experiência estética