bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epilogue
Authors: Kingsland Sharon E.
Published: September 2023

This chapter reviews the long development of plant physiology and physiological ecology. It looks at the challenges biologists faced when combining the approaches or perspectives of different disciplines, integrating laboratory-based and field-based research, and scaling up from the level of the leaf and individual organism to ecosystems and biomes. It also mentions the research of Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress), which contributed to the understanding of how plants defend themselves against pathogens. The chapter covers the ecological study of plant chemical defenses against herbivores, a core problem of molecular ecology that has important implications for control of agricultural pests. It discusses the transition from chemical ecology to molecular ecology through the history of plant communication by chemical signaling.
Effectiveness of antidepressant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a patient with refractory psychogenic dysphagia: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Woo Chang Gok , Kim Ji Hyoun , Lee Jeong Hwan , Kim Hyo Jong
Published: September 2023

β cells are the main cells responsible for the hypoglycemic function of pancreatic islets, and the insulin secreted by these cells is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels in the human body. β cells are regulated by various factors, among which neurotransmitters make an important contribution. This paper discusses the effects of neurotransmitters secreted by various sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on β cells and summarizes the mechanisms by which various neurotransmitters regulate insulin secretion. Many neurotransmitters do not have a single source and are not only released from nerve terminals but also synthesized by β cells themselves, allowing them to synergistically regulate insulin secretion. Almost all of these neurotransmitters depend on the presence of glucose to function, and their actions are mostly related to the Ca2+ and cAMP concentrations. Although neurotransmitters have been extensively studied, many of their mechanisms remain unclear and require further exploration by researchers.
Dorsal approach for isolated volar fracture-dislocation of the base of the second metacarpal: A case report
Authors: Kurozumi Taketo , Saito Masato , Odachi Kazuhiko , Masui Fumiaki
Published: September 2023

β cells are the main cells responsible for the hypoglycemic function of pancreatic islets, and the insulin secreted by these cells is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels in the human body. β cells are regulated by various factors, among which neurotransmitters make an important contribution. This paper discusses the effects of neurotransmitters secreted by various sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on β cells and summarizes the mechanisms by which various neurotransmitters regulate insulin secretion. Many neurotransmitters do not have a single source and are not only released from nerve terminals but also synthesized by β cells themselves, allowing them to synergistically regulate insulin secretion. Almost all of these neurotransmitters depend on the presence of glucose to function, and their actions are mostly related to the Ca2+ and cAMP concentrations. Although neurotransmitters have been extensively studied, many of their mechanisms remain unclear and require further exploration by researchers.
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma with over-expressed Ki-67 transitioning into systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Mu Hai-Xi , Tang Xiao-Qiong
Published: September 2023

β cells are the main cells responsible for the hypoglycemic function of pancreatic islets, and the insulin secreted by these cells is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels in the human body. β cells are regulated by various factors, among which neurotransmitters make an important contribution. This paper discusses the effects of neurotransmitters secreted by various sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on β cells and summarizes the mechanisms by which various neurotransmitters regulate insulin secretion. Many neurotransmitters do not have a single source and are not only released from nerve terminals but also synthesized by β cells themselves, allowing them to synergistically regulate insulin secretion. Almost all of these neurotransmitters depend on the presence of glucose to function, and their actions are mostly related to the Ca2+ and cAMP concentrations. Although neurotransmitters have been extensively studied, many of their mechanisms remain unclear and require further exploration by researchers.
Leukemic transformation during anti-tuberculosis treatment in aplastic anemia-paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria syndrome: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Xiu Nuan-Nuan , Yang Xiao-Dong , Xu Jia , Ju Bo , Sun Xiao-Yun , Zhao Xi-Chen
Published: September 2023

β cells are the main cells responsible for the hypoglycemic function of pancreatic islets, and the insulin secreted by these cells is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels in the human body. β cells are regulated by various factors, among which neurotransmitters make an important contribution. This paper discusses the effects of neurotransmitters secreted by various sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on β cells and summarizes the mechanisms by which various neurotransmitters regulate insulin secretion. Many neurotransmitters do not have a single source and are not only released from nerve terminals but also synthesized by β cells themselves, allowing them to synergistically regulate insulin secretion. Almost all of these neurotransmitters depend on the presence of glucose to function, and their actions are mostly related to the Ca2+ and cAMP concentrations. Although neurotransmitters have been extensively studied, many of their mechanisms remain unclear and require further exploration by researchers.
Pancreatic arteriovenous malformation treated with transcatheter arterial embolization: Two case reports and review of literature
Authors: Shin Sang Hoon , Cho Chol Kyoon , Yu Sung Yeol
Published: September 2023

β cells are the main cells responsible for the hypoglycemic function of pancreatic islets, and the insulin secreted by these cells is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels in the human body. β cells are regulated by various factors, among which neurotransmitters make an important contribution. This paper discusses the effects of neurotransmitters secreted by various sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on β cells and summarizes the mechanisms by which various neurotransmitters regulate insulin secretion. Many neurotransmitters do not have a single source and are not only released from nerve terminals but also synthesized by β cells themselves, allowing them to synergistically regulate insulin secretion. Almost all of these neurotransmitters depend on the presence of glucose to function, and their actions are mostly related to the Ca2+ and cAMP concentrations. Although neurotransmitters have been extensively studied, many of their mechanisms remain unclear and require further exploration by researchers.
Cecal duplication cyst in an infant presenting as shock: A case report
Authors: Kim Seung Mo , Lee Sun Hyang , Park Ga Young , Kim Sung Shin , Lee Cheol Gu , Jin Soo Ji
Published: September 2023

β cells are the main cells responsible for the hypoglycemic function of pancreatic islets, and the insulin secreted by these cells is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels in the human body. β cells are regulated by various factors, among which neurotransmitters make an important contribution. This paper discusses the effects of neurotransmitters secreted by various sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on β cells and summarizes the mechanisms by which various neurotransmitters regulate insulin secretion. Many neurotransmitters do not have a single source and are not only released from nerve terminals but also synthesized by β cells themselves, allowing them to synergistically regulate insulin secretion. Almost all of these neurotransmitters depend on the presence of glucose to function, and their actions are mostly related to the Ca2+ and cAMP concentrations. Although neurotransmitters have been extensively studied, many of their mechanisms remain unclear and require further exploration by researchers.
Beyond ‘equitable partnerships’: the imperative of transformative research collaborations with Africa
Authors: Aboderin Isabella , Fuh Divine , Balcha Gebremariam Eyob , Segalo Puleng
Published: September 2023

Debate on the need for more fairness in academic research collaborations between actors in Africa (or the ‘Global South’, broadly) and counterparts in the Global North has intensified in recent years, while practice-oriented frameworks and efforts to foster more equitable partnerships have proliferated. Important approaches to recognise and undo asymmetries in concrete collaboration arrangements – division of labour, decision making, access to rewards, capacity building – have been identified.

In this provocation we draw on African and other postcolonial, decolonial and feminist scholarship, as well as systems thinking and global science data to argue that such ‘equitable partnerships’ efforts at best sidestep the urgent need for a much more profound rebalancing of the positioning of Africa and ‘Global North’ in the worldwide science and research ecosystem as a whole. We consider why such wider rebalancing is an imperative for both Africa and the global community, propose that research collaborations must be understood as a key entry point for advancing such a systemic shift, and suggest a necessary transformative collaboration mode to this end. We conclude by positing an urgent need to think and act beyond ‘equitable’ partnerships and highlight where responsibilities for action must lie.
Global caustic and phase chirality reversal of the focused vortex beam
Authors: Wang Chaoxiang , Jiang Ping , Yang Huajun , Qin Yan , Liu Jianing
Published: September 2023

We predict the reversal of the phase chirality before and after the focal plane during propagation based on ray tracing. The interference patterns of a focused vortex beam (FVB) and a plane beam during propagation verify the fact of phase chirality reversal through diffraction theoretical simulations and experiments. Also, we deduce an analytical expression for the caustic based on the ray equation, which effectively represents the change of the hollow light field during propagation. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the caustic in describing the variation of the global hollow dark spot radius. Furthermore, based on the caustic results at the focal plane, we customize FVBs with the same dark spot radii but different topological charges. Our research results reveal the characteristics of the light field and phase distribution of the FVB during propagation, which will expand our understanding of the properties of the FVB and provide a reference value for applications such as chiral particle manipulation and topological charge recognition.
Using femtosecond laser pulses to explore the nonlinear optical properties of a CR-39 polymer after being exposed to alpha particles
Authors: Ali Mona , Eissa M. F. , Mohamed Tarek
Published: September 2023

The effect of alpha particle radiation on nonlinear optical properties of poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) (CR-39) polymer has been investigated using the Z-scan technique. CR-39 polymers were exposed to alpha particles at different doses: 23.7 and 47.5 Gy. Alpha particles cause significant optical and chemical changes in the polymer CR-39. Data from UV-visible spectrometers revealed that when alpha particle doses increased, the absorption edge of polymer redshifted and the energy band gap decreased. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra of alpha irradiation samples show a change in intensity and bond breakage in the chemical groups constituting the CR-39 polymer compared to the pristine one. With 100 fs laser pulses and 80 MHz repetition rate, the nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index are measured for a pristine and irradiated polymer with different alpha doses at different excitation wavelengths and laser peak power. The samples displayed a negative nonlinear refractive index and reverse saturable absorption behavior with three photons absorption. The results reveal that the nonlinear optical properties of CR-39 were enhanced by alpha particle radiation.
Monte Carlo study of X-ray grazing incidence microscopy using Geant4
Authors: Li Wenjie , Xu Jie , Yang Cheng , Li Mingtao , Wang Xin , Zhang Xing , Mu Baozhong
Published: September 2023

X-ray grazing incidence microscopy has extensive applications in the fields of laser inertial confinement fusion and synchrotron radiation. Monte Carlo methods can be used to determine the optical performance of X-ray grazing incidence microscopes and predict the experimental results, which is of great significance for studying physical experiments and diagnostics. In this paper, we proposed a Monte Carlo method based on Geant4 for studying X-ray grazing incidence microscopy. We introduced the G4MultilayerReflection class to describe the physical processes of X-ray multilayer mirrors. We designed a dual-energy Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope that can operate at 6.4 and 9.67 keV simultaneously. Monte Carlo simulations of the spatial resolution and throughput efficiency of the microscope were performed using Geant4, which was assembled and characterized. The spatial resolution results obtained by the Geant4 laboratory simulations, the theoretical model, and the experiments were in good agreement. Additionally, we conducted throughput efficiency calibration experiments for the 6.4 keV imaging channel. The difference between the experimental and Geant4-simulated throughput efficiency was evaluated and resulted in root mean square error values of 8.7% and 9.5% along the Y- and Z-axes, respectively.
Precisely constructing hybrid nanogap arrays via wet-transfer of dielectric metasurfaces onto a plasmonic mirror
Authors: Zhang Yuehao , Zhang Zhenghe , Xu Chaojie , Lu Wanli , Chen Zefeng , Wang Changlei , Xiao Fajun , Wang Shaojun , Li Xiaofeng
Published: September 2023

We propose a new method for fabricating hybrid metasurfaces by combining Mie and plasmonic resonances. Our approach involves obtaining an ultrasmooth gold film and separately structuring monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) nanoantenna arrays, which are then wet-transferred and finally immobilized onto the gold film. The experimental and simulation analysis reveals the importance of the native oxide layer of Si and demonstrates fascinating dispersion curves with nanogap resonances and bound states in the continuum. The localized field enhancements in the nanogap cavities result from the coupling between multipolar Mie resonances and their mirror images in the gold film. This effective method improves our understanding of hybrid modes and offers opportunities for developing active metasurfaces, such as depositing c-Si nanoantenna arrays onto stretchable polydimethylsiloxane substrates or electro-optic and piezoelectric sensitive lithium niobate films for potential applications in MEMS, LiDAR, and beyond.
170 GHz quasi-optical sub-harmonic mixer with a back-to-back lenses packaging based on HDI
Authors: Wang Bing , Hu Weidong , Qiao Haidong , Xu Zhihao , Jiang Huanyu , Xiao Xiong , Ligthart Leo P.
Published: September 2023

The paper presents a 170 GHz quasi-optical sub-harmonic mixer with a 3D-printed back-to-back lenses packaging. The quasi-optical mixer is comprised by a pair of antiparallel GaAs Schottky diodes, a patch antenna for receiving local oscillator (LO) pump signal, a symmetric-slit patch antenna for receiving radio frequency (RF) signal, dual 3D-printed lenses and a matching network. The quasi-optical mixer with a pair of antiparallel GaAs Schottky diodes is designed on a multilayer build-up printed circuit board (PCB) utilizing commercially low-cost and high-density interconnect (HDI) technology. The LO and RF antennas are placed on the front and back of the multilayer build-up substrate, respectively, thus significantly simplifying the quasi-optical design. Furthermore, dual 3D-printed lenses placed back-to-back are proposed for LO and RF antennas radiation gain enhancement and mechanical robustness. Additionally, the buried planar reflectors in the substrate maintain effective radiation isolation between the antennas. For facilitating coupling efficiency of signal power into the Schottky diodes and signal isolation between the LO pump signal and RF signal, a compact matching network with low-loss quasi-coaxial via transition structure is integrated in the mixer circuit. The measured single-sideband conversion loss is from 11.3 to 15.4 dB in an operation range of 160 to 180 GHz. The measured radiation patterns agree well with the simulated results.
Design of a broadband polarization controller based on silicon nitride-loaded thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Čtyroký Jiří , Petráček Jiří , Richter Ivan , Kuzmiak Vladimír
Published: September 2023

A novel design of a polarization controller based on “etch-less” Si3N4-loaded thin film LiNbO3 is described. Broadband operation in the spectral range between 1.45 and 1.65 µm is achieved by using a mode evolution TM/TE splitter/converter, two mode evolution 3-dB couplers, and two electro-optic phase shifters. Numerical simulations show that the on-chip insertion loss should not exceed 1 dB. A single TE-mode output can be adjusted by applying control voltages lower than 10 V for an arbitrary input polarization state.
Analysis of size-dependent optoelectronic properties of red AlGaInP micro-LEDs
Authors: Fan Kaili , Zheng Kaifeng , Lv Jinguang , Zhao Baixuan , Zhao Yingze , Chen Yupeng , Qin Yuxin , Wang Qiang , Wang Weibiao , Liang Jingqiu
Published: September 2023

We have theoretically investigated the size-dependent optoelectronic properties of InGaP/AlGaInP-based red micro-LEDs through an electro-optical-thermal coupling model. The model considers thermal effects due to current crowding near the electrodes, non-thermal efficiency droop due to electron leakage, and etch defects on the LED sidewall. Sidewall defects reduce the carrier concentration at the light-emitting surface's edge and exacerbate the current crowding effect. In addition, p-side electron leakage at high current densities is the leading cause of the efficiency droop of AlGaInP LEDs. In contrast, the effect of temperature on the overall efficiency degradation of LEDs is even more significant.
Switchable terahertz orbital angular momentum Bessel beams based on spin-decoupled multifunctional reflective metasurfaces
Authors: Huang Hui-Fen , Wang Jian-Yuan
Published: September 2023

In this study, switchable terahertz (THz) multi-orbital angular momentum (OAM) Bessel beams (BBs) were developed based on a spin-decoupled reflective multifunctional metasurface (MTS). Switchability was achieved by switching the feed between left-hand circular polarization (LCP), right-hand circular polarization (RCP), and linear polarization (LP) incidences. A switchable physical model was established for calculating the beam direction, OAM mode, polarization, and non-diffractive distance of the outgoing BBs. As an example, a spin-decoupled MTS was designed to generate dual BBs under LCP incidence, which was subsequently switched to RCP or LP for switchability. The outgoing BBs could be switched among three types of beams: Type-1 under LCP incidence (LCP, θL = 40°, φL = 0°, lL = 1, dL = 18 cm) and (RCP, θR = -40°, φR = 0°, lR = -1, dR = 20 cm); Type-2 under RCP incidence (RCP, θR = 40°, φR = 0°, lR = 1, dR = 18 cm) and (LCP, θL = -19°, φL = 0°, lL = 3, dL = 16.4 cm); and Type-3 under LP incidence (LP, θ = 40°, φ = 0°, l = 1, d = 18 cm), (RCP, θR = -40°, φR = 0°, lR = -1, dR = 20 cm) and (LCP, θL = -19°, φL = 0°, lL = 3, dL = 16.4 cm). Compared with previous MTSs, the proposed spin-decoupled MTS has the advantages of switchability among BBs, high non-diffractive distance/aperture size ratio of 15, large beam deflection angle of up to 40°, and high BB conversion efficiency of up to 96%. The simulated results were consistent with those calculated using the physical model, thus validating the physical model. The designed switchable BBs have potential THz near-field applications, such as high-capacity near-field wireless communications, wireless power transfer, high-resolution imaging, non-destructive testing, and speed detection of high-speed rotating objects.
Experimental demonstration of weak-light inter-spacecraft clock jitter readout for TianQin
Authors: Zeng Hanyu , Yan Hao , Xie Siyuan , Jiang Sicheng , Li Yingzi , Pan Yuhang , He Diaomin , Du Yuanbo , Yeh Hsien-chi
Published: September 2023

The space-based gravitational wave detection mission, TianQin, requires high-level synchronization between independent clocks of all spacecrafts to extract the gravitational wave signals. It is necessary to measure the inter-spacecraft relative clock jitter based on laser phase-sideband clock transfer. The main challenge is the tracking and locking of clock sideband beatnote signals with low signal-to-noise ratio and frequency variation. In this paper, a systematic scheme of inter-spacecraft clock jitter readout is reported. The requirement of the clock transfer link for TianQin based on the time-delay interferometry algorithm is derived. A bi-directional laser interferometer system with a transmission optical power below 1 nW and a time delay of ∼50 µs is built up to demonstrate the weak-light clock transfer. In this scheme, frequency modulation is performed on the laser to simulate the inter-spacecraft Doppler frequency shift and its variation. Based on electrical and optical clock transfer comparison experiments, it is demonstrated that the GHz frequency synthesizer is the main noise source below the 50 mHz frequency range. The residual clock jitter noise introduced by the optical transfer link is below 40 fs/Hz1/2 above the 6 mHz frequency range, and the fractional frequency instability is less than 6.7 × 10−17 at 1000 s, which meets the requirement of the TianQin mission. Ultimately, The carrier phase measurement accuracy reaches 1 × 10−4 cycles/Hz1/2 above 6 mHz after differential clock noise correction using measured clock jitter.
Ultra-broadband 1 × 2 3 dB power splitter using a thin-film lithium niobate from 1.2 to 2 µm wave band
Authors: Yi Qiyuan , Pan An , Xia Jinsong , Zeng Cheng , Shen Li
Published: September 2023

The 3 dB power splitters are fundamental building blocks for integrated photonic devices. As data capacity requirements continue to rise, there is a growing interest in integrated devices that can accommodate multiple spectral bands, including the conventional O-, C-, and L-bands, and the emerging 2 µm band. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a 3 dB power splitter based on adiabatic mode evolution using a thin-film lithium niobate, with ultra-broadband operation bandwidth from 1200 to 2100 nm. The fabricated power splitter exhibits low insertion losses of 0.2, 0.16, and 0.53 dB for wavelengths at 1310, 1550, and 2000 nm, respectively. The measured 1 dB bandwidth covers 1260–1360, 1480–1640, and 1930–2030 nm, which we believe that the proposed device is capable of operating in both O-, C-, L-, and 2 µm bands.
Remote visualization of underwater oil using a flash Raman lidar system
Authors: Somekawa T. , Kurahashi S. , Matsuda S. , Yogo A. , Kuze H.
Published: September 2023

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new, to the best of our knowledge, underwater monitoring system that incorporates Raman spectroscopy based on a flash lidar. We have visualized underwater oil at a 5 m distance by illuminating the area of around 15 cm diameter with an expanding laser beam at 532 nm and detecting the oil and water Raman images. By calibrating the oil Raman image with the water Raman image, the detection limit of liquid oil thickness has been estimated to be about 0.27 mm. Thus, the proposed technique provides the capability of effectively detecting oil leaks in underwater sea areas.
Ranging analysis of a moving target based on the dynamic instrument response function
Authors: Zhao Yixin , Hao Wei , Chen Songmao , Tian Yuan , Zhang Xuan , Xu Weihao , Zhang Zhenyang , Wang Jie , Su Xiuqin
Published: September 2023

A ranging high-speed moving target with a high accuracy is challenging for a single-photon ranging system (SPRS). In this Letter, the dynamic instrument response function (IRF) is proposed to establish a dynamic discrete model (DDM) by introducing a velocity and a system timing resolution, which leads to better accuracy of cross-correlation results. And with the data of a dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC), the ranging accuracy can be improved with DDM.
27% slope efficiency in a WGM microcavity enabled by an Yb:YAG crystalline film
Authors: Li Huiqi , Wang Zhaocong , Wang Lei , Tan Yang , Chen Feng
Published: September 2023

The choice of a laser gain medium is crucial in achieving efficient and high-power outputs of optically stimulated WGM microcavity lasers. This work employs an Yb:YAG crystalline film as the gain medium for the microdisk laser. The Yb:YAG crystalline film is exfoliated from a bulk of a Yb:YAG crystal by the ion-implantation-enhanced etching method. The crystalline film is shaped into a microdisk through focused ion beam milling. This Yb:YAG microdisk laser achieves a single-mode laser output (with a side-mode-suppression ratio of 27.8 dB) under a 946 nm laser pumping. The maximum slope efficiency reaches 27% with a maximum output power of 1.1 mW.
Fast, selective, and sensitive detection of 2,4-dichlorophenol by an imprinted polymer functionalized core-offset U-shaped fiber sensor
Authors: Gorai Pintu , Brambilla Gilberto , Jha Rajan
Published: September 2023

Pollution monitoring in waterways and oceans is often performed in a laboratory on samples previously taken from the environment. The integration of molecular imprinting polymer nanoparticles (MIP-NPs) with a novel, to the best of our knowledge, fiber optic interferometer allowed a fast and selective detection of water pollutant 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). The proposed sensor with an increased surface-to-volume ratio of MIP-NPs provided an enhanced sensitivity of 17.1 nm/µM and a wide operating range of 0.1–100 µM. It showed a highly repeatable performance and potential to measure up to nM concentrations. This integrated technique is suitable for the development of compact, stable, precise, and sensitive biosensors for online monitoring and remote chemical sensing applications.
MXene-based photoacoustic transducer with a high-energy conversion efficiency
Authors: Wu Heliang , Guan Zizhong , Ke Yuan , Yu Xiong , Zhang Zheng , Li Mingyu , Lu Haifei
Published: September 2023

The applications of two-dimensional transition metal carbide/nitride (MXene) in the fields of optoelectronics, sustainable energy, and sensors, among others, have been broadly investigated due to their special electrical, optical, and structural properties. In this Letter, MXene (Ti3C2Tx) has been firstly, to the best of our knowledge, adopted for the application of a photoacoustic transducer by taking advantage of the photothermal property. The efficiency of the photoacoustic transducer based on a sandwich structure of glass/MXene/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been experimentally demonstrated to be 1.25 × 10−2 by converting laser pulses into ultrasonic waves, generating a high acoustic pressure of 15.7 MPa without additional acoustic focusing. That can be explained by the great light absorption and photothermal conversion of the Ti3C2Tx layer.
Simulation-based inference for efficient identification of generative models in computational connectomics
Authors: Boelts Jan , Harth Philipp , Gao Richard , Udvary Daniel , Yáñez Felipe , Baum Daniel , Hege Hans-Christian , Oberlaender Marcel , Macke Jakob H.
Published: September 2023

Recent advances in connectomics research enable the acquisition of increasing amounts of data about the connectivity patterns of neurons. How can we use this wealth of data to efficiently derive and test hypotheses about the principles underlying these patterns? A common approach is to simulate neuronal networks using a hypothesized wiring rule in a generative model and to compare the resulting synthetic data with empirical data. However, most wiring rules have at least some free parameters, and identifying parameters that reproduce empirical data can be challenging as it often requires manual parameter tuning. Here, we propose to use simulation-based Bayesian inference (SBI) to address this challenge. Rather than optimizing a fixed wiring rule to fit the empirical data, SBI considers many parametrizations of a rule and performs Bayesian inference to identify the parameters that are compatible with the data. It uses simulated data from multiple candidate wiring rule parameters and relies on machine learning methods to estimate a probability distribution (the ‘posterior distribution over parameters conditioned on the data’) that characterizes all data-compatible parameters. We demonstrate how to apply SBI in computational connectomics by inferring the parameters of wiring rules in an in silico model of the rat barrel cortex, given in vivo connectivity measurements. SBI identifies a wide range of wiring rule parameters that reproduce the measurements. We show how access to the posterior distribution over all data-compatible parameters allows us to analyze their relationship, revealing biologically plausible parameter interactions and enabling experimentally testable predictions. We further show how SBI can be applied to wiring rules at different spatial scales to quantitatively rule out invalid wiring hypotheses. Our approach is applicable to a wide range of generative models used in connectomics, providing a quantitative and efficient way to constrain model parameters with empirical connectivity data.
Large-scale whole exome sequencing studies identify two genes,CTSL and APOE, associated with lung cancer
Authors: Xu Jingxiong , Xu Wei , Choi Jiyeon , Brhane Yonathan , Christiani David C. , Kothari Jui , McKay James , Field John K. , Davies Michael P. A. , Liu Geoffrey , Amos Christopher I. , Hung Rayjean J. , Briollais Laurent
Published: September 2023

Common genetic variants associated with lung cancer have been well studied in the past decade. However, only 12.3% heritability has been explained by these variants. In this study, we investigate the contribution of rare variants (RVs) (minor allele frequency <0.01) to lung cancer through two large whole exome sequencing case-control studies. We first performed gene-based association tests using a novel Bayes Factor statistic in the International Lung Cancer Consortium, the discovery study (European, 1042 cases vs. 881 controls). The top genes identified are further assessed in the UK Biobank (European, 630 cases vs. 172 864 controls), the replication study. After controlling for the false discovery rate, we found two genes, CTSL and APOE, significantly associated with lung cancer in both studies. Single variant tests in UK Biobank identified 4 RVs (3 missense variants) in CTSL and 2 RVs (1 missense variant) in APOE stongly associated with lung cancer (OR between 2.0 and 139.0). The role of these genetic variants in the regulation of CTSL or APOE expression remains unclear. If such a role is established, this could have important therapeutic implications for lung cancer patients.
Distribution of Hepatitis B prevention services in Wakiso District, Central Uganda
Authors: Ssekamatte Tonny , Isunju John Bosco , Nalugya Aisha , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Nuwematsiko Rebecca , Nakalembe Doreen , Kansiime Winnifred K. , Muyanga Naume , Nakiggala Joana , Bukenya Justine N. , Mugambe Richard K.
Published: September 2023

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global public health challenge especially in low-and-middle income countries. Although there are significant global and national efforts to control Hepatitis B, equitable distribution and access to prevention services such as testing and vaccination remains a challenge. Efforts to increase access are hindered by inadequate evidence on the availability and distribution of HBV services. This cross-sectional study aimed at generating evidence of the distribution of HBV prevention services in Wakiso District, Uganda. A total of 55 healthcare facilities (HCFs) including 4 hospitals, and 51 primary care facilities were surveyed. Data were collected using an electronic structured questionnaire and analysed using STATA 14.0. A chi-square test was performed to establish the relationship between HCF characteristics and the availability of hepatitis B services. ArcGIS (version 10.1) was used to generate maps to illustrate the distribution of hepatitis B prevention services. We found out that the hepatitis B vaccine was available in only 27.3% (15) of the HCF, and 60% (33) had testing services. Receipt of the hepatitis B vaccine doses in the last 12 months was associated with the level (p = ≤0.001) and location (p = 0.030) of HCF. Availability of the hepatitis B vaccine at the time of the survey was associated with the level (p = 0.002) and location (p = 0.010) of HCF. The availability of hepatitis B testing services was associated with the level (p = 0.031), ownership (p≤0.001) and location (p = 0.010) of HCF. HCFs offering vaccination and testing services were mostly in urban areas, and close to Kampala, Uganda’s capital. Based on this study, hepatitis B prevention services were sub-optimal across all HCF levels, locations, and ownership. There is a need to extend hepatitis B prevention services to rural, public and private-not-for-profit HCFs.
Considerações sobre as divergências e convergências entre arte e comunicação
Authors: De Oliveira Rodrigues Felipe , Márcio Barros José
Published: September 2023

Apesar dos avanços nos estudos em arte, concomitantes à crescente diversificação no campo da comunicação, existe persistente tendência em conformar o processo de produção e fruição artísticas enquanto meio de comunicar. Este artigo problematiza esse entendimento, ao confrontar alguns dos paradigmas comunicacionais em contraposição a uma perspectiva que compreende a arte enquanto o que se produz na lacuna surgida onde a comunicação fracassa.
O debate entre Fraser e Honneth: vozes destransicionistas e o princípio da paridade de participação
Authors: Cardoso Patricia Ferreira
Published: September 2023

Um diálogo ideal em sociedades plurais requer o esforço para a garantia de participação dos envolvidos em condições de igualdade. A controvérsia entre Axel Honneth e Nancy Fraser acerca do conceito reconhecimento contribui materialmente para a constituição do “bloco contra-hegemônico” aludido por Fraser. Ao apresentar o modelo de justificação da paridade participativa, sugere a análise de padrões institucionalizados de valoração cultural propondo mudanças na interação social. Por meio do método histórico-analítico e contra-hegemônico de Fraser, propõe-se a análise do fenômeno da destransição de gênero. Hierarquias institucionalizadas de valor cultural afetam as pessoas destrans, que sofrem os efeitos de categorias diferentes de discursos hegemônicos que despolitizam as suas necessidades dada a ausência de uma participação plena em tomadas de decisões.
Az evolúció románca
Authors: Hárs Endre
Published: September 2023

Dietmar Dath regényeiről aligha mondható el, hogy könnyen olvasható
sci-fi-k, amelynek okai egyrészt a határozottan intellektuális tematikában,
másrészt a komplex irodalmi konstrukcióban rejlenek. Dath szerint a sci-fi
művészetének „gépezete a tudás olyan módozataival, illetve a megismerés
olyan eredményeivel szolgál, amelyek csak általa és rajta keresztül
elgondolhatóak” (Dath 2019). A sci-fi gondolatkísérletei egy olyan irodalmi
közlés szándékával párosulnak, amely egy azon túlmutató tudás lehetőségeit
gyarapítja. Nehézségük magából a dologból, a ’tudományos fantasztikumból’
fakad. Ez igaz "A fajok eltörlése" (2008, angolul 2013) című regényére is,
amely eddigi életművében a legnagyobb figyelmet kapta. A regény poszthumán
jövőképe egy olyan, a képzeletet felülmúló, szélsőséges biológiai-technikai
változékonyságú világot mutat be, amelynek megértése a megszokott olvasói
rutinokat is felülírja. Az efelett érzett irritációnak a regény kritikusai
rendre hangot is adtak. Jelen tanulmány, ellentétben a korábbi
kutatásokkal, amelyeka kritikai üzenetek megfejtésére koncentrálnak,
illetve részben ellentétben a szerző szándékával is, azt az álláspontot
képviseli, hogy bizonyos „érzelmi kadenciák” (Velleman 2003), az olvasók
által kialakított és a szereplők iránt érzett „szimpátiák” segítenek
áthidalni a regény hiátusai, a narratív fókuszálással és az elbeszélői
megbízhatatlansággal (Menninger 2017) folytatott „ játék” (Kappeler /
Könemann 2011), valamint a metanarratív és metafikciós beavatkozások
eredményezte bonyodalmakat. Jelen írás az állatmesére mint Dath „evolúciós
románcának” (Dath 2008) forrására támaszkodva azt próbálja bizonyítani,
hogy a konstitutív olvasói oldalon megélt „affektusok” hozzájárulnak a
regény szándékolt „effektusainak” feldolgozásához.
Kauzalitáson innen és túl
Authors: Turcsik Bíborka
Published: September 2023

A nem természetes narratívák tudatfolyam-ábrázolásainak keretes
szövegként, sőt narratívaként való értelmezhetősége Emmott (1999)
szövegtipológiája alapján megkérdőjelezhető. Tanulmányomban Faulkner "A
hang és a téboly" című regényéből (1956) Benjy monológját elemzem és arra a
következtetésre jutok, hogy a személyközi, tér- és időviszonyok
ábrázolásában nem épül ki az a kontextuális keret, amely a regény
narratívaként való felfogását lehetővé tenné. Ez az észrevétel szorosan
összefügg a szövegbeli kauzalitás – mint keretépítő tényező – alapvető
hiányával és az érzelmi motiváció – mint az asszociatív jelenetváltásokat
implikáló jelenség – előtérbe kerülésével (vö. Velleman 2003).

Jelen tanulmányban a nem természetes narratív sémák feltárásának
céljából egy egyszerre szövegtani és stilisztikai kiindulópontú
(Gibbons–Whiteley 2018; Stockwell 2009), poétikai (Stockwell 2002; Turcsik
2019, 2020) valamint egy mind style-vizsgálaton (Fowler 1977) alapuló
elemzéssel azt mutatom be, hogy hogyan bomlik meg és értelmeződik újra a
Benjy-monológbeli kauzalitás.
Poor Subjective Sleep Quality Predicts Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Using the Experience Sampling Method
Authors: Topan Rabia , Vork Lisa , Fitzke Heather , Pandya Shraya , Keszthelyi Daniel , Cornelis Jan , Ellis Jason , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Van Den Houte Maaike , Aziz Qasim
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Sleep quality may affect symptom experience in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms using actigraphy and the experience sampling method.

METHODS:

Patients with IBS were recruited from a tertiary Neurogastroenterology clinic and the community. GI symptoms and mood were recorded on a smartphone application, 10 times per day, over 7 consecutive days. Subjective sleep quality was recorded every morning to reflect the night before. Objective measures of sleep quality were estimated from wrist-worn actigraphy. Cross-lagged structural equation models were built to assess the directionality of sleep-symptom relationships over time.

RESULTS:

Eighty patients with IBS completed the study (mean age: 37 years [range 20–68], 89% female, 78% community). Approximately 66% had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score ≥ 8, indicating a clinically significant sleep disturbance. Approximately 82% (95% CI: 72–90) screened positive for a sleep disorder, most commonly insomnia. In cross-lagged analysis, poor subjective sleep quality predicted next-day abdominal pain (0.036 < P < 0.040) and lower GI symptoms (0.030 < P < 0.032), but not vice versa. No significant relationship with GI symptoms was found for any objective sleep measure using actigraphy.

DISCUSSION:

Poor subjective sleep quality was associated with higher next-day lower GI symptom levels, but not vice versa. Objective sleep measures did not predict next-day abdominal symptoms, potentially supporting the conclusion that it is the perception of sleep quality that is most influential. This study may be used to guide future research into the effect of sleep interventions on GI symptoms.
A novel authentication and access scheduling scheme to improve the performance of WSN
Authors: Baskar K. , Vijayalakshmi P. , Muthumanickam K. , Arthi A.
Published: September 2023

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a kind of network specifically suitable for place where infrastructure and resources are playing a vital role. Moreover, nodes in a WSN are autonomous in nature. WSNs can be able to solve various real-time problems and issues like smart healthcare, smart office, smart energy, smart home, etc. As energy becomes one of the scarce supplies for this kind of network, attacks against authentication help to validate the legitimacy of sensor nodes become foremost important. Such attacks exhaust the power of nodes that are currently connected to a WSN, thereby reducing their lifetime. In this article, a zonal node authentication technique as well as optimal data access scheduling that renders data deliverance with improved quality of service and network lifetime is proposed. The results obtained from simulation for diverse WSN topologies accentuate the claim of our method over the existing solutions and demonstrate to be efficient in discovering legitimate sensor nodes with the optimal workload. Besides improved network lifetime, efficiency, and throughput, the proposed method also reinforces the security measures of the WSN by integrating node authentication.
Heart rate measurement using image recognition technology
Authors: Daqrouq K. , Hazazi A. , Alkhateeb A. , Alharbey R.A.
Published: September 2023

The measurement of heart rate (HR) has numerous applications in various fields, such as the internet of things, security, sports, and telemedicine. There are many methods for measuring pulse rates, and this research is based on a novel technique of measuring the heartbeat using image recognition technology. The innovations in the field of visual objects have made the detection process easy and quick, with high efficiency. Four step-based algorithms, including a computer, an external high-definition camera, and an open-source computer vision library, have been presented for measuring heart rate. The first step was the face detection (FD) algorithm, and the second was the area attention algorithm to determine the region of interest (ROI). The ROI signal analysis algorithm was used in the third step, using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) for frequency detection. The pulse measurement phase was the final step, and it was based on the strength of the color concentration in proportion to the time extracted from video clips. With the help of our recorded database of 50 participants based on different ages and skin colors, the process was carried out. The results of this study contributed to the development of an HR detection technique based on image recognition using the Python programming language. This is a very comfortable and effective method for measuring the human heart rate. This research article discussed various factors and obstacles that affect heart rate measurement. The results found that our system is highly competent in measuring heart rate.
Ellis Island Art
Authors: Koehler Cara
Published: September 2023

This chapter reimagines the evolution of comics in relation to America's checkered history of racism and xenophobia. Taking Art Spiegelman's illustrations for JR's photography project The Ghosts of Ellis Island as a starting point, the chapter recognizes in Spiegelman's hybrid style and concern for the victims of US border politics, the echoes of the medium's immigrant roots and of the little-studied conflation between comics' cultural marginalization and the ethnic or racial otherness of many of its iconic practitioners. What is also often overlooked, as the chapter argues, is that while Spiegelman started out by advocating for comics as adult fare, in recent years he has written, edited, and published a wide variety of comics for children. The chapter contends that because Spiegelman's artwork obsessively transgresses lines and borders, both political and aesthetic, his role in the history of comics should be seen as that of a champion for immigrants' respect and appreciation of their own art. It emphasizes that his quieter projects paint a broader picture of how Spiegelman prognosticated in his comics a new wave of xenophobic American attitudes towards both immigrants and provocative art—two equally alien challenges to the political status quo.
“My Portrait is Gold”
Authors: Griffiths Jennifer
Published: September 2023

Chapter 2 addresses the explicit black adolescent body in the visual realm, both as a legacy and a cultural phenomenon that recurs in the time of the play’s initial production.
“My Body of a Free Boy … My Body of Dance”
Authors: Griffiths Jennifer
Published: September 2023

Chapter 4 examines Sapphire’s The Kid as a radical experiment with audience expectations and reception of her first novel Push. Whereas Push’s Precious Jones was embraced by many audiences as a model of resiliency and as a young person who breaks the cycle of abuse through education, self-determination, and group-belonging, Abdul’s story threatens our comfort with his mother’s ultimately reassuring narrative, which in many ways deflects accountability away from the failing social safety net and onto the individual.
Caped Crusaders and Lip-Reading Pollyannas
Authors: Wayland Nerida
Published: September 2023

It remains problematic in the 21st century that there are still limited literary examples of diverse, genuinely agentic or empowered deaf characters. Using a narratological lens, this chapter explores how humor raises social awareness, generates empathy and interrogates ableist, normative ideologies that marginalize, trivialize or misrepresent deaf culture. These comedic examples celebrate voices that have traditionally been sidelined or silenced by foregrounding the experiences of deaf characters. They use humor to experiment with entertaining, innovative and transgressive ways to create fluid, distinct subject positions and depict the complexities of labeling, language and binary representations. This discussion draws on an interdisciplinary theoretical framework including theories of affect and disability studies. Through humor, fictional spaces are critically examined to destabilise outmoded ideologies and create multiple subject positions and new realities to reflect the changing world. Young focalizers, and by extension young readers, are empowered through creativity, resistance and altruism.
“We Are Just as Confused and Lost as She Is”
Authors: Kersten-Parrish Sara
Published: September 2023

Cece Bell’s El Deafo (Amulet, New York, 2014) is a graphic novel memoir (a blended form called an autography) that explores the author’s experiences of losing her hearing and growing up with a severe hearing loss. As a graphic novel, the story combines image and text to allow all readers to step inside the narrative and deeply consider Bell’s experiences. After an analysis of the primacy of these narrative graphic novel elements in telling a story about a disability, this article shares the reading experiences of university students in exploring this story, during which students used both the image and text to help them confront misconceptions they had about deafness, broadening their understandings and experiences around disability.