bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Components in Plasma-Derived Factor VIII, But Not in Recombinant Factor VIII Downregulate Anti-Inflammatory Surface Marker CD163 in Human Macrophages through Release of CXCL4 (Platelet Factor 4)
Authors: Bertling Anne , Brodde Martin F. , Visser Mayken , Treffon Janina , Fennen Michelle , Fender Anke C. , Kelsch Reinhard , Kehrel Beate E.
Published: August 2017

Background: Hemarthrosis, or bleeding into the joints, is a hallmark of hemophilia. Heme triggers oxidative stress, inflammation, and destruction of cartilage and bone. The haptoglobin-CD163-heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway circumvents heme toxicity through enzymatic degradation of heme and transcription of antioxidant genes. Plasma-derived factor concentrates contain many proteins that might impact on cellular pathways in joints, blood, and vessels. Methods: Activation of platelets from healthy volunteers was assessed by flow cytometry analysis of fibrinogen binding and CD62P expression. Platelet CXCL4 release was measured by ELISA. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to CXCL4 or platelet supernatants (untreated or pre-stimulated with factor VIII (FVIII) products) during their differentiation to macrophages and analyzed for CD163 expression. Some macrophage cultures were additionally incubated with autologous hemoglobin for 18 h for analysis of HO-1 expression. Results: Platelet CXCL4 release was increased by all 8 tested plasma-derived FVIII products but not the 3 recombinant products. Macrophages exposed to supernatant from platelets treated with some plasma-derived FVIII products downregulated CD163 surface expression and failed to upregulate the athero- and joint protective enzyme HO-1 in response to hemoglobin. Conclusion: Plasma-derived FVIII products might promote bleeding-induced joint injury via generation of macrophages that are unable to counteract redox stress.
Abnormal Interhemispheric Synchrony in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Pilot Study
Authors: Leroy-Terquem Elise , Vermersch Anne Isabelle , Dean Pauline , Assaf Ziad , Boddaert Nathalie , Lapillonne Alexandre , Magny Jean-François
Published: August 2017

Background: Abnormal interhemispheric synchrony has been described in many clinical compromises in brain function, but its prognostic value in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is unknown. Objectives: The study aimed at describing the frequency of abnormal interhemispheric synchrony in infants with HIE and to explore its prognostic value. The main outcome was survival without major disabilities. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study and enrolled 40 neonates with HIE who underwent hypothermia. Results: Abnormal interhemispheric synchrony was observed in 23% of the patients with HIE. Sensitivity and specificity values for predicting survival without major disabilities were 90 and 67% for seizures, 50 and 97% for status epilepticus, 60 and 97% for highly abnormal EEG in the first 48 h, and 80 and 97% for EEG asynchrony, respectively. The prognostic value of asynchrony improved to 100% sensitivity, whereas specificity remained unchanged, when associated with highly abnormal EEG within the first 48 h of life. Conclusions: Abnormal interhemispheric synchrony was observed in a quarter of the patients with HIE. This pilot study suggests that the prognostic value of asynchrony is excellent, especially when combined with EEG background analysis.
Adsorptive Depletion of Myeloid Lineage Leucocytes as Remission Induction Therapy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis after Failure of First-Line Medications: Results from a Three-Year Real World, Clinical Practice
Authors: Iida Takayuki , Ikeya Kentaro , Kato Masaichi , Abe Jinro , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Watanabe Fumitoshi , Sugimoto Ken , Hanai Hiroyuki
Published: August 2017

Background/Aims: In patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), pharmacologics, although initially effective in most patients, are associated with refractoriness, loss of response or unfavourable side effects as additional morbidity factors. Depletion of myeloid lineage leucocytes like the CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte phenotype, which is a major source of tumour necrosis factor-α, by granulocyte/monocyte apheresis (GMA) if effective, is also known to be free from side effects. Methods: In clinical practice setting, 77 consecutive patients with moderate to severe UC, who failed to respond to first-line medications received GMA with the Adacolumn as remission induction therapy. Patients who achieved remission were followed for 3 years. Results: Among the 77 patients, 46.8% were corticosteroids-naïve, 26% corticosteroid-dependent and 27.3% corticosteroid-refractory. The overall clinical remission rate was 79.2%, and the overall mucosal healing (MH) rate according to the Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤1 was 58.5%. MH rates in corticosteroid-naïve, corticosteroid-dependent and corticosteroid-refractory subgroups were 70.8, 56.3, and 38.5%, respectively. The 3-year sustained clinical remission rates in corticosteroid-naïve, corticosteroid-dependent and corticosteroid-refractory subgroups were 83.3, 68.8, and 23.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Corticosteroid-naïve patients appeared to benefit the most from the Adacolumn GMA, and attain a favourable long-term clinical course. Accordingly, GMA should be a first-line therapy in this clinical setting.
Resveratrol Attenuates Adriamycin-Induced Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis through C3aR/C5aR- Sphingosine Kinase 1 Pathway
Authors: Liu Guoyong , Wang Qiang , Shi Yan , Peng Xiaofei , Liu Hong , Peng Youming , He Liyu
Published: August 2017

Background/Aim: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) typically presents with nephrotic range proteinuria, which could eventually develop into end-stage renal disease. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol compound, which has been reported to suppress inflammatory response and renal interstitial fibrosis. This study is aimed at evaluating the renoprotective effect of RSV treatment on adriamycin-induced FSGS. Methods: In Balb/c mice, adriamycin nephropathy was induced by adriamycin (10 mg/kg body weight, diluted in normal saline) via a tail vein on day 0. Then the mice were treated with RSV (40 mg/kg body weight) once daily by oral gavage, again starting on the day of adriamycin injection and continued for 6 weeks. At 6 weeks, the mice were sacrificed; kidneys and blood samples were collected for further analysis. Results: When treated with adriamycin, the expressions of C3aR, C5aR, sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were upregulated, while RSV treatment could inhibit the expressions of C3aR, C5aR, Sphk1, and suPAR, eventually leading to anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis conditions. Conclusion: RSV attenuates adriamycin-induced FSGS through C3aR/C5aR-Sphk1 pathway.
Produtos, fornecedores e artesãos em obras do Escritório Técnico Samuel das Neves: 1909-1920
Authors: Nascimento Ana Paula
Published: August 2017

O artigo apresenta — ainda que de maneira sucinta — algumas das empresas importadoras, casas comerciais e prestadores de serviços que atuaram em parte das obras realizadas pelo Escritório Técnico do Engenheiro Samuel das Neves — empreiteiro e construtor no período entre 1909 e 1920, a partir de notas fiscais e de serviços existentes na documentação desse estúdio de engenharia e arquitetura. Tais documentos estão relacionados com obras de maior porte e de importantes clientes do estabelecimento. Busca-se recuperar, mesmo que em meio a fragmentos, informações sobre tais empresas e lojas, materiais empregados, profissionais atuantes e serviços prestados, visando a ampliar as informações a respeito dos agentes envolvidos em algumas das construções paulistanas do início do século XX. Aborda a questão da formação profissional e da preponderância de imigrantes tanto nas organizações comerciais como nas atividades artesanais oferecidas. Da mesma maneira, apresenta o envolvimento de alguns agentes — notadamente engenheiros — em diversas etapas da cadeia produtiva relacionada à construção civil (empresas para extração de material bruto, casas comerciais, serviços de importação, elaboração de projetos e construções para aluguel).
As condições de produção do mobiliário mineiro no século XVIII e início do XIX
Authors: Oliveira Karina Ribeiro de , Loewen Andrea Buchidid
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo discute o trabalho dos artífices e o ambiente de produção artística na região de Minas Gerais no século XVIII e início do XIX, com ênfase nas questões que tiveram reflexo na produção do mobiliário originário daquela região.
Impacto da composição química de microambientes em bens culturais: os casos do MAC-USP e do Museu do Oratório, MG
Authors: Puglieri Thiago Sevilhano , Lavezzo Ariane Soeli
Published: August 2017

Bens culturais materiais, sejam eles móveis ou imóveis, são constituídos por matéria, que é passível de sofrer processos de degradação. Esses processos levam à perda de informações materiais e imateriais e geralmente são decorrentes de reações químicas ou processos físicos, associados ou não à presença de micro-organismos. Eles dependem, além da composição química e da estrutura física do bem, das características do ambiente e/ou microambiente que os cercam. Considerando isso, portanto, e na temática do seminário “Ciência da conservação e o uso de ferramentas de caracterização química, física e biológica de bens culturais”, este artigo trata de como o uso de técnicas de caracterização pode ser feito para avaliar o impacto da composição de microambientes a bens culturais e de como essa avaliação pode auxiliar em sua preservação, utilizando-se de dois estudos de caso.
Depoimento: Memória CPC professora Maria Cecília França Lourenço
Authors: Camargo Mônica Junqueira de
Published: August 2017

.
Beira do mar, lugar comum ? A valorização e a valoração dos espaços litorâneos
Authors: Moraes Antonio Carlos Robert
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo trata das especificidades da localização litorânea, enquanto indicação para a elaboração de uma teoria acerca da valoração dos lugares. Esta deveria dar conta da avaliação, não apenas dos estoques de recursos naturais ali contidos, mas também dos recursos ambientais presentes, apontando para a vocação da área, definida sempre em termos comparativos e relacionais. A argumentação apresentada, propõe o preço da terra, o mercado fundiário e a atuação estatal, como elementos básicos iniciais para o equacionamento do tema tratado
Clonagem de Paisagens: Como Alguns Projetos de Intervenção Transformam as Paisagens Urbanas em Não-Lugares
Authors: Serpa Angelo
Published: August 2017

Em um mundo globalizado, a paisagem torna-se Virtual" Pode-se reinterpretá-la e recriá-la. Pode-se também reproduzi-la em todos os pontos da superfície terrestre sem prejuízo de suas características essenciais. Assim, torna-se possível a clonagem de paisagens específicas e a criação de "não-lugares" Em uma sociedade, onde o maior prazer humano está aparentemente no consumo, é patente a uniformização visual e funcional dos espaços livres públicos no meio ambiente urbano. Os parques se assemelham cada vez mais aos shopping centers e os shopping centers se tornam cada vez mais "verdes" Com a proliferação dos parques temáticos, o idílio transforma-se em uma espécie de shopping center a céu aberto. O presente trabalho faz uma análise crítica de alguns projetos paisagísticos, exemplificando a artificialização/ uniformização das paisagens no meio ambiente urbano em países como o Brasil, Alemanha, Estados Unidos e Japão
Espaços Livres
Authors: Macedo Silvio Soares
Published: August 2017

O texto apresenta um painel sobre os conceitos básicos que dirigem o entendimento do paisagismo urbano, tendo como elemento de referência os espaços livres. Discute-se a questão das áreas verdes, das áreas de circulação, da qualificação dos espaços livres e da composição de suas estruturas morfológicas e de alguns dos principais padrões de organização espacial das cidades brasileiras contemporâneas - das quadras, jardins às áreas verticalizadas
Sintonias e defasagens os parques públicos nos planos para São Paulo
Authors: Bartalini Vladimir
Published: August 2017

O trabalho procura estabelecer relações entre as propostas formuladas para os parques e áreas verdes em São Paulo, no período compreendido entre o final do século 19 e o início dos anos 50, e as idéias correntes sobre o tema “parques públicos urbanos” nos países de industrialização avançada, notadamente Inglaterra e Estados Unidos. Expõe e comenta resumidamente as principais características das propostas inglesas e norte-americanas no referente aos parques e áreas verdes, e procura reconhecer sua presença nas propostas para São Paulo evidenciando também suas discrepâncias. Analisa, sob esta ótica, o plano de avenidas de Prestes Maia (1930) e o programa de melhoramentos de Robert Moses para São Paulo (1950), indagando sobre os motivos da sua não realização
O poder higiênico e sua s influências na ocupação do espaço no Brasil
Authors: Polizelli Dermeval Luiz
Published: August 2017

Esse texto se dedica a analisar as influências do poder higiênico sobre os padrões de ocupação do espaço no Brasil. A persistência desses padrões se revela um poderoso instrumento adicional de gestão das desigualdades sociais no país
Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcome of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Individuals With a MYBPC3 (Myosin-Binding Protein C) Founder Mutation
Authors: van Velzen Hannah G. , Schinkel Arend F.L. , Oldenburg Rogier A. , van Slegtenhorst Marjon A. , Frohn-Mulder Ingrid M.E. , van der Velden Jolanda , Michels Michelle
Published: August 2017

Background—

MYBPC3
(Myosin-binding protein C) founder mutations account for 35% of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) cases in the Netherlands. We compared clinical characteristics and outcome of
MYBPC3
founder mutation (FG+) HCM with nonfounder genotype-positive (G+) and genotype-negative (G−) HCM.

Methods and Results—

The study included 680 subjects: 271 FG+ carriers, 132 G+ probands with HCM, and 277 G− probands with HCM. FG+ carriers included 134 FG+ probands with HCM, 54 FG+ relatives diagnosed with HCM after family screening, 74 FG+/phenotype-negative relatives, and 9 with noncompaction or dilated cardiomyopathy. The clinical phenotype of FG+ and G+ probands with HCM was similar. FG+ and G+ probands were younger with less left ventricular outflow tract obstruction than G− probands, however, had more hypertrophy, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. FG+ relatives with HCM had less hypertrophy, smaller left atria, and less systolic and diastolic dysfunction than FG+ probands with HCM. After 8±6 years, cardiovascular mortality in FG+ probands with HCM was similar to G+ HCM (22% versus 14%; log-rank
P
=0.14), but higher than G− HCM (22% versus 6%; log-rank
P
<0.001) and FG+ relatives with HCM (22% versus 4%;
P
=0.009). Cardiac events were absent in FG+/phenotype-negative relatives; subtle HCM developed in 11% during 6 years of follow-up.

Conclusions—

Clinical phenotype and outcome of FG+ HCM was similar to G+ HCM but worse than G− HCM and FG+ HCM diagnosed in the context of family screening. These findings indicate the need for more intensive follow-up of FG+ and G+ HCM versus G− HCM and FG+ HCM in relatives.
Denervated Myocardium Is Preferentially Associated With Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fallavollita James A. , Dare Jonathan D. , Carter Randolph L. , Baldwa Sunil , Canty John M.
Published: August 2017

Background—

Previous studies have identified multiple risk factors that are associated with total cardiac mortality. Nevertheless, identifying specific factors that distinguish patients at risk of arrhythmic death versus heart failure could better target patients likely to benefit from implantable cardiac defibrillators, which have no impact on nonsudden cardiac death.

Methods and Results—

We performed a pilot competing risks analysis of the National Institutes of Health–sponsored PAREPET trial (Prediction of Arrhythmic Events with Positron Emission Tomography). Death from cardiac causes was ascertained in subjects with ischemic cardiomyopathy (n=204) eligible for an implantable cardiac defibrillator for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac arrest after baseline clinical evaluation and imaging at enrollment (positron emission tomography and 2-dimensional echo). Mean age was 67±11 years with an ejection fraction of 27±9%, and 90% were men. During 4.1 years of follow-up, there were 33 sudden cardiac arrests (arrhythmic death or implantable cardiac defibrillator discharge for ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia >240 bpm) and 36 nonsudden cardiac deaths. Sudden cardiac arrest was correlated with a greater volume of denervated myocardium (defect of the positron emission tomography norepinephrine analog
11
C-hydroxyephedrine), lack of angiotensin inhibition therapy, elevated B-type natriuretic peptide, and larger left ventricular end-diastolic volume index. In contrast, nonsudden cardiac death was associated with a higher resting heart rate, older age, elevated creatinine, larger left atrial volume index, and larger left ventricular end-diastolic volume index.

Conclusions—

Distinct clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables are associated with cause-specific cardiac mortality in primary-prevention candidates with ischemic cardiomyopathy. If prospectively validated, these multivariable associations may help target specific therapies to those at the greatest risk of sudden and nonsudden cardiac death.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01400334.
Low-Flow Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Saybolt Matthew D. , Fiorilli Paul N. , Gertz Zachary M. , Herrmann Howard C.
Published: August 2017

The definition of severe aortic stenosis has classically and retrospectively been based on the natural history of patients with medically managed aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular function in an era where surgical aortic valve replacement was the sole therapy. We now recognize that this disease is more heterogeneous and includes important subsets of patients with low stroke volume index (low flow) and low-gradient with reduced (classical) or preserved (paradoxical) ejection fraction. These patients pose diagnostic and treatment dilemmas, requiring a comprehensive assessment with integration of multimodality imaging, testing, and clinical assessment. Surgery in these patients has been associated with higher operative mortality and lower long-term survival. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), because of its less-invasive nature, avoidance of the detrimental effects of cardiopulmonary bypass, and larger effective orifice area, offers several potential advantages. Studies of TAVR in low-flow severe aortic stenosis patients have demonstrated that TAVR has a significant mortality benefit compared with medical therapy and a similar benefit compared with surgery. Both low flow and low ejection fraction have emerged as important factors in predicting mortality post-TAVR, with particularly poor survival when flow or ejection fraction fail to improve. The recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with low-flow severe aortic stenosis remains challenging. It is likely that TAVR will play an increasingly important role in the management of these patients.
The Principle of Proportionality in International Law: Foundations and Variations
Authors: Cottier Thomas , Echandi Roberto , Liechti-McKee Rachel , Payosova Tetyana , Sieber Charlotte
Published: August 2017

Originally based upon the principle of equity, proportionality is predominantly used in the field of human rights protection, the use of force and countermeasures, humanitarian law, maritime boundary law, trade law and investment protection. The article finds that components of proportionality are shared and variably applied in these areas. The main challenge relates to weighing and balancing of interests in judicial review, reflecting upon the varied status and authority of international tribunals. The article submits that proportionality or necessity in terms of assessing the relationship of means and end, seeking least intrusive measures, is well-established and qualifies as a self-standing rule of customary international law. It should be termed strict proportionality. However, the component of weighing and balancing interests amounts to a general principle of law and applies in context. It informs the interpretation of the law at hand and is subject to varying standards of review.
Jesuit Catechisms for Soldiers (Seventeenth–Nineteenth Centuries): Changes and Continuities
Authors: Lavenia Vincenzo
Published: August 2017

This paper proposes a literary journey through the manuals for soldiers written by Jesuits prior to the twentieth century. After briefly outlining the debut of these publications, at the hands of Antonio Possevino and of Thomas Sailly, who led the first permanent mission of military chaplains in Flanders, it will focus on three moments: the second half of the seventeenth century, when the wars of religion wound down and we find the first manuals where, alongside the desire to impose discipline on armies, a patriotic rhetoric begins to be heard; the middle years of the eighteenth century, before the French Revolution, when, after the establishment of barracks and permanent chaplaincies, even texts aimed at the Christian soldier transposed the vocabulary of the Droit des gens in; finally, the nineteenth century, when the Society was restored and undertook the religious conversion of the soldiery against the perils of the modern world. In Belgium, the birth of a liberal Catholic regime supported a patriotically-toned missionary effort from Jesuit chaplains. Later, the mystique of the nation would affect the majority of texts aimed at combatants and their chaplains during the Great War.
60-Minute Conversations with Jesuit History Series
Authors: Neuhaus David M.
Published: August 2017

In October 2016, Rev. David Neuhaus, S.J. delivered at the Boston College Center for Christian-Jewish Learning’s Fifth Annual John Paul ii Lecture in Christian-Jewish Relations. He is the patriarchal vicar for Hebrew-speaking Catholics in Israel. He is also the coordinator of the pastoral care for migrant workers and asylum seekers. At the occasion, Robert A. Maryks, the editor of this journal, interviewed David about his Jesuit and scholarly career. This is the second of a series of 60-Minute Conversations with Jesuit History. What follows is an edited transcription of the interview that was videotaped at Boston College in October 2016 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFcIq38m9MI).
Revision of the genus Sinobathyscia Perreau (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) from China, with description of a new species
Authors: WANG CHENG-BIN , PERREAU MICHEL , RŮŽIČKA JAN , SONG XIAO-BIN
Published: August 2017

Sinobathyscia tianma sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Leptodirini) is described from Shanghai, China. The genus Sinobathyscia is redescribed with respect to the discovery of the male. Relevant morphological characters of the species examined are illustrated with colour plates, and their known distributions are mapped.
Updated species list of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) from Turkey
Authors: AZMAZ MUSA , KATILMIŞ YUSUF
Published: August 2017

An updated species list of cynipids in Turkey and knowledge on their distribution and host plant/gall in the country are presented in this study. The present list has been based on previous studies in the literature and contains all reported cynipids from Turkey, including a new record (Andricus istvani Melika, 2008). In total, the Cynipidae in the Turkish fauna presently comprises 148 species in 25 genera and 9 tribes.
Examining Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensification with the FLIGHT+ Dataset from 1999 to 2012
Authors: Martinez Jonathan , Bell Michael M. , Vigh Jonathan L. , Rogers Robert F.
Published: August 2017

A comprehensive examination of tropical cyclone (TC) kinematic and thermodynamic structure in the Atlantic basin is created from the Extended Flight Level Dataset for Tropical Cyclones (FLIGHT+, version 1.1). In situ data collected at the 700-hPa flight level by NOAA WP-3D and USAF WC-130 aircraft from 1999 to 2012 are analyzed. A total of 233 azimuthal mean profiles comprising 1498 radial legs are stratified by TC intensity and 12-h intensity change. A matrix of composite structures is created for minor (category 1 and 2) and major (category 3 and above) hurricanes that are intensifying [intensity increase ≥10 kt (12 h)−1], steady state [intensity change between ±5 kt (12 h)−1], and weakening [intensity decrease [Formula: see text] kt (12 h)−1]. Additional considerations to the impacts of age on TC structure are given as well. Axisymmetric radial composites reveal that intensifying TCs have statistically significant structural differences from TCs that are steady state or weakening, but that these differences also depend on the intensity of the TC. Intensifying TCs (both minor and major hurricanes) are characterized by steep tangential wind gradients radially inward of the radius of maximum tangential wind (RMW) that contribute to a ringlike structure of vorticity and inertial stability. Tangential wind structural differences are more pronounced in the eye of minor hurricanes compared to major hurricanes. Intensifying TCs are found to have higher inner- and outer-core moisture compared to steady-state and weakening TCs. Furthermore, intensifying major hurricanes possess drier eyes compared to steady-state and weakening major hurricanes.
Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V as a Probiotic for Preterm Infants: A Strain‐Specific Systematic Review
Authors: Athalye‐Jape Gayatri , Rao Shripada , Simmer Karen , Patole Sanjay
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V has been used as a probiotic in preterm infants. Probiotic strain‐specific data are essential to guide clinical practice. Objective: To assess effects of B breve M‐16V in preterm neonates. Design: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐RCTs of B breve M‐16V in preterm infants was conducted. Multiple databases, proceedings of Pediatric Academy Society, and other relevant conferences were searched in September 2016 and on January 5, 2017. Results: Five RCTs (n = 482) and 4 non‐RCTs (n = 2496) were included. Of the 5 RCTs, 4 carried high/unclear risk of bias in many domains. Meta‐analysis (fixed effects model) of RCTs showed no significant benefits on stage ≥2 necrotizing enterocolitis, late‐onset sepsis, mortality, and postnatal age at full feeds. Meta‐analysis of non‐RCTs showed significant benefits on (1) late‐onset sepsis—3 studies (n = 2452), odds ratio = 0.56 (95% CI, 0.45–0.71), P < .0001; (2) mortality—2 studies (n = 2319), odds ratio = 0.61 (95% CI, 0.44–0.84), P = .002; and (3) postnatal age at full feeds (days)—2 studies (n = 361), mean difference, −2.42 (95% CI, −2.55 to −2.3), P < .00001. There were no adverse effects from B breve M‐16V. On Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation analysis, the overall quality of evidence was deemed very low. Conclusions: Current evidence is limited regarding the potential of B breve M‐16V in preterm neonates. Adequately powered, preferably cluster RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.
Phase 1 study of the anti-CD22 immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wayne Alan S. , Shah Nirali N. , Bhojwani Deepa , Silverman Lewis B. , Whitlock James A. , Stetler-Stevenson Maryalice , Sun Weili , Liang Meina , Yang Jie , Kreitman Robert J. , Lanasa Mark C. , Pastan Ira
Published: August 2017

Key Points

A phase 1 trial of the anti-CD22 immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox was conducted in children with ALL. A 32% objective response rate was observed, including 11 composite complete responses (23%), 5 of which were minimal residual disease negative.
The Everyman and the Dung Beetle
Authors: Baulch Emma
Published: August 2017

Noting the increasing tendency of Indonesian pop performers to organize and agitate politically, the article aims to locate these celebrity politics in a history of media change, and to explore their implications for lower-class collective organizing. Through a discussion of two pop performances that explicitly address the lower classes—the Jakarta-based rock band Slank and the Balinese solo performer Nanoe Biroe—the author traces the increasing recognition of pop idols as politically authoritative figures and the emergence of a new form of corporatized associational life (the fan group) as a site for attending to that authority. The author argues that these developments in public culture can be linked to changes to the media environment since the end of the Cold War, which include but are not limited to widespread digital uptake. The article engages work investigating prospects for critical forms of belonging within a neoliberal communicative environment–especially Jodi Dean’s writings on communicative capitalism. It examines the vulnerabilities and possibilities of lower-class performances and solidarities and brings to light the broader media infrastructures that enable them.
Innis’s Infrastructure
Authors: Young Liam Cole
Published: August 2017

The work of Harold Adams Innis offers important contributions to the recent “infrastructural” turn in media, communication, and cultural studies. While Innis’s late communication studies texts are widely read, few outside Canada engage with his earlier economic histories and the “dirt research” (fieldwork) that produced them. The early texts offer the clearest presentation of Innis’s infrastructural orientation. The author traces the development of this orientation by focusing on three aspects of his work often remarked upon but infrequently explored: dirt, beavers, and documents. Each is paradigmatic of Innis’s methodological, conceptual, and discursive contributions, respectively, and through them, he speaks very differently than we are used to hearing. Infrastructural approaches to contemporary media networks and environments are a recursion of Innis’s earlier contributions. Integrating Innis into these debates allows us, the author argues, to move beyond the limits of his mid-twentieth-century work, and to expand the horizons of what John Durham Peters calls “infrastructuralism.”
The deubiquitylating enzyme Ubp12 regulates Rad23-dependent proteasomal degradation
Authors: Gödderz Daniela , Giovannucci Tatiana A. , Laláková Jana , Menéndez-Benito Victoria , Dantuma Nico P.
Published: August 2017

The consecutive actions of the ubiquitin-selective segregase Cdc48 and the ubiquitin shuttle factor Rad23 result in the delivery of ubiquitylated proteins at the proteasome. Here, we show that the deubiquitylating enzyme Ubp12 interacts with Cdc48 and regulates proteasomal degradation of Rad23-dependent substrates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression of Ubp12 results in stabilization of Rad23-dependent substrates. We show that Ubp12 removes short ubiquitin chains from the N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UbL) of Rad23. Preventing ubiquitylation of Rad23 by mutation of lysine residues within the UbL domain, Rad23UbLK0, does not affect the non-proteolytic role of Rad23 in DNA repair but causes an increase in ubiquitylated cargo bound to the UBA2 domain of Rad23, recapitulating the stabilization of Rad23-dependent substrates observed upon overexpression of Ubp12. Expression of Rad23UbLK0 or overexpression of Ubp12 impairs the ability of yeast to cope with proteotoxic stress, consistent with inefficient clearance of misfolded proteins by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Our data suggest that ubiquitylation of Rad23 plays a stimulatory role in the degradation of ubiquitylated substrates by the proteasome.
The metabolic cost of carrying a sexually selected trait in the male fiddler crabUca pugilator
Authors: Tullis Alexa , Straube Corinne H. T.
Published: August 2017

Models proposed to explain sexually selected structures assume that these traits are costly. However, studies investigating the impact of such structures on locomotory costs have produced inconsistent results. Male fiddler crabs possess a large sexually selected claw and are ideal for assessing the impact of a sexually selected trait on the cost of locomotion. Here, we measure the energy expenditure of clawed, declawed, and artificially loaded crabs during sustained exercise by measuring oxygen consumption and blood lactate levels. We also measure blood lactate levels of clawed and declawed crabs following a sprint and forced walk to assess energy expenditure during non-sustainable, strenuous locomotion. Clawed and declawed crabs consumed the same amount of oxygen and had the same blood lactate concentration during sustained locomotion, suggesting that the large claw does not increase energetic cost during sustainable locomotion. Following non-sustainable, strenuous locomotion, however, there was a trend for clawed crabs to have higher concentrations of lactate in their blood than declawed crabs, suggesting that bearing a large claw may increase energetic costs during strenuous locomotion and lengthen recovery time. Artificially loaded crabs produced more lactic acid than clawed and declawed crabs during sustainable locomotion, suggesting that compensatory traits help mitigate the energetic cost of carrying the large claw. Overall, results show that the impact of exaggerated structures on energy expenditure may depend on exercise intensity and highlight the need to examine various locomotory intensities when attempting to assess costs of bearing a sexually selected trait.
Effects of Schiff base aromatic amino acid derivatives on antioxidant and immune system disturbances in a rat model of aflatoxin B1 induced experimental mycotoxicosis
Authors: Malakyan Margarita , Ayvazyan Violeta , Manukyan Gayane , Hovsepyan Laura , Arakelova Elina , Avetyan Diana , Ghazaryan Hovsep , Melkonyan Ani , Zakharyan Roksana , Arakelyan Arsen
Published: August 2017

Background:Alflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic of the aflatoxins and occurs as a contaminant in a variety of foods. The toxicity of AFB1 has been shown to be associated with a wide range of pathological events, such as enhanced apoptosis and oxidative events. Currently there is no treatment for mycotoxin exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential ability of picolinyl-L-phenylalaninate (PLP), picolinyl-L-tryptophanate (PLT), and nicotinyl-L-tryptophanate (NLT) Schiff base amino acid derivatives to act against damaging effects of AFB1 using a rat model of mycotoxicosis. For this purpose, a range of markers of immune and antioxidant systems in liver and blood plasma samples, as well as the apoptotic rate in neutrophils and monocytes was assessed.Methods:Mongrel white pubescent rats (with 180-200g b/w) were used in all experiments. Concentration of the markers of immune and antioxidant systems was measured in plasma by ELISA, using commercially available kits according to manufacturers’ instructions. The rate of apoptosis in neutrophils and monocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:AFB1 induced mycotoxicosis caused significant elevation of malonic dialdehyde contents (plasma and liver: p = 0.0001 compared with untreated rats), the levels of superoxide dismutase (p=0.005), total non-enzymatic water-soluble antioxidants (p = 0.0001), and terminal complement complex (p = 0.021). Moreover, the increased rates of early and late apoptosis in neutrophils and monocytes were observed as well. Treatment with PLP, PLT and NLT were shown to mitigate these effects, though to a different extent.Conclusions:The results obtained in this study clearly demonstrated that chronic AFB1 exposure induced oxidative cell damage, immunosuppression and apoptosis of circulating immune cells. The oral administration of Schiff base cyclic amino acid derivatives was capable of minimizing the detrimental effects of mycotoxicosis by possessing multi-mechanistic effects that target AFB1-induced pathological events.
Gastroenteritis Aggressive Versus Slow Treatment For Rehydration (GASTRO). A pilot rehydration study for severe dehydration: WHO plan C versus slower rehydration
Authors: Houston Kirsty A. , Gibb Jack G. , Mpoya Ayub , Obonyo Nchafatso , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Nakuya Margeret , Evans Jennifer A , George Elizabeth C , Gibb Diana M , Maitland Kathryn
Published: August 2017

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) rehydration management guidelines (Plan C) for children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and severe dehydration are widely practiced in resource-poor settings, yet have never been formally evaluated in a clinical trial. A recent audit of outcome of AGE at Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya noted that 10% of children required high dependency care (20% mortality) and a number developed fluid-related complications. The fluid resuscitation trial, FEAST, conducted in African children with severe febrile illness, demonstrated higher mortality with fluid bolus therapy and raised concerns regarding the safety of rapid intravenous rehydration therapy. Those findings warrant a detailed physiological study of children’s responses to rehydration therapy incorporating quantification of myocardial performance and haemodynamic changes.  

Methods: GASTRO is a multi-centre, unblinded Phase II randomised controlled trial of 120 children aged 2 months to 12 years admitted to hospital with severe dehydration secondary to AGE. Children with severe malnutrition, chronic diarrhoea and congenital/rheumatic heart disease are excluded. Children will be enrolled over 18 months in 3 centres in Kenya and Uganda and followed until 7 days post-discharge. The trial will randomise children 1:1 to standard rapid rehydration using Ringers Lactate  (WHO plan ‘C’ – 100mls/kg over 3-6 hours according to age, plus additional 0.9% saline boluses for children presenting in shock) or to a slower rehydration regimen (100mls/kg given over 8 hours and without the addition of fluid boluses). Enrolment started in November 2016 and is on-going. Primary outcome is frequency of adverse events, particularly related to cardiovascular compromise and neurological sequelae.  Secondary outcomes focus on clinical, biochemical, and physiological measures related to assessment of severity of dehydration, and response to treatment by intravenous rehydration. 

Discussion: Results from this pilot will contribute to generating robust definitions of outcomes (in particular for non-mortality endpoints) for a larger Phase III trial.
Lessons Learned from a Company Dealing with Big Data
Authors: Tarvin D. Antony , Sipeki Levente , Newman Alexandra M. , Hering Amanda S.
Published: August 2017

The concept of big data has caught the attention of business leaders. However, there is still widespread confusion in industry as to how to treat such data. We describe one such encounter with big data from an industrial parts supplier who was concerned with unexpected variability in its prices. Unable to discern trends in the data, a point of contact for the supplier worked with us to explore this concern. Analysis showed that customers at different branches of the company were experiencing significantly different levels of price variation, and that some customers within a specific branch were being offered products at widely varying prices, which were apparently uncorrelated with the quantity of products purchased. Such behaviors are unacceptable to end customers, and rectification of these behaviors has led to increased customer satisfaction for this company. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate general methodologies to help the company with future analyses.
Location Design and Relocation of a Mixed Car-Sharing Fleet with a CO2 Emission Constraint
Authors: Chang Joy , Yu Miao , Shen Siqian , Xu Ming
Published: August 2017

Car-sharing companies have shown increasing support in the adoption of fuel-efficient cars to reduce CO2 emissions and to meet heterogeneous demand. In this paper, we consider location design and relocation problems for sharing a mixed fleet of cars and propose integer linear programs that incorporate both one-way and round-trip demand and operations. To model car movements, we use a minimum-cost flow model on a spatial–temporal network given time-based demand. We maximize the total profit of renting cars minus the cost of relocation and maintenance, subject to limited budget for purchasing cars and given a CO2 emission limit. In addition, we enforce the first-come, first-served principle to eliminate denied trips. We conduct computational studies based on 2014 Zipcar data in Boston to provide insights for fleet location, car-type designs, and their environmental impacts. Our results show high utilization of cars and low demand losses and denied trips. Although the CO2 emission limit may lower car-sharing profit, high demand on new energy-efficient cars can compensate the loss and is worth being satisfied.
Arrive in Time by Train with High Probability
Authors: Keyhani Mohammad Hossein , Schnee Mathias , Weihe Karsten
Published: August 2017

Very often, a train passenger must meet a deadline at the destination, for example, to catch a plane or to arrive at an important meeting on time. Train delays and broken connections let the passenger arrive later than scheduled. Events of this kind are usually not foreseeable before the journey commences. To be on the safe side, a connection should be prebooked such that, in case the connection breaks anywhere, alternative continuations guarantee arrival prior to the deadline with acceptably high probability. For busy people, the challenge is to commence the journey as late as possible, provided the risk of failing to meet the deadline is negligible. This scenario translates into the problem to find the latest connection plus alternative continuations such that the probability of meeting the deadline is not lower than a given required probability of success (close to 100%). We present a dynamic-programming approach to this optimization problem and report on an empirical study based on comprehensive real-world data from Deutsche Bahn AG, the German national railways company. Our algorithm efficiently computes optimal results.
Experience using closed incision negative pressure wound therapy in sternotomy patients
Authors: Philip B. , McCluskey P. , Hinchion J.
Published: August 2017

Objective:

Postoperative delayed wound healing, surgical site infections (SSIs), and other wound complications are associated with increased morbidity and health-care costs. In cardiothoracic surgery, wound complications can have life-threatening consequences. In recent years, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been applied over closed surgical incisions to help reduce tension and protect from external contamination. We report our initial experiences using a closed incision negative pressure therapy (ciNPT) over clean, closed sternotomy incisions at an Irish tertiary referral centre.

Method:

A retrospective record review identified 10 patients (4 females, 6 males) where ciNPT was used following sternotomy for cardiac surgery or other mediastinal surgery between January 2012 and March 2013.

Results:

The patients had an average age of 71.5±14.18 years (range: 44–89 years). Patient comorbidities included obesity, hypertension, active tobacco use, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes mellitus. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), aortic valve replacement (AVR), AVR and CABG, or removal of a thymic mass or mediastinal cyst. ciNPT was left in place for an average of 6±0.82 days. All incisions healed without complications.

Conclusion:

ciNPT use should be considered for patients at risk for postoperative SSI development or other wound complications.
Concordance and acceptability of electric stimulation therapy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Miller C. , McGuiness W. , Wilson S. , Cooper K. , Swanson T. , Rooney D. , Piller N. , Woodward M.
Published: August 2017

Objective:

A pilot single-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to examine concordance with and acceptability of electric stimulation therapy (EST) in patients with venous leg ulcers (VLUs) who had not tolerated moderate to high compression.

Method:

Participants were randomised to the intervention group (n=15) or a placebo control group (n=8) in which EST was used four times daily for 20 minutes per session. Participants were monitored for eight weeks during which time concordance with the treatment and perceptions of the treatment were assessed.

Results:

Concordance with the total recommended treatment time was 71.4% for the intervention group and 82.9% for the control group; a difference that was not statistically significant. Participants rated EST as acceptable (84.6% intervention; 83.3% control), only two participants, both from the placebo control group, would not be willing to use EST again. The majority considered EST easier to use than compression (68.4%).

Conclusion:

EST was a practical and acceptable treatment among people who have been unable to tolerate moderate to high compression therapy.
Public policies and social change: The case of the success and continuity of schooling paths of Ciganos
Authors: Mendes Maria Manuela , Magano Olga , Costa Ana Rita
Published: August 2017

The consolidation of the welfare state that took place after the 1974 revolution, particularly in the 1980s, improved the living standards of Portuguese citizens. The improvements were directly reflected in Portuguese Cigano families and individuals, although the great majority remain at high risk of poverty. In 2011 the European Council proposed the definition of national strategies for integration of Ciganos, opening the door for achieving better living conditions of European Roma citizens. The national strategies focus on four fundamental domains: education, employment, healthcare and housing. At the present time, Portugal is implementing its National Strategy for the Integration of Cigano Communities. In terms of education, compared to previous generations, Cigano children complete more years of education. However, after the fifth and sixth year of schooling, the number of Cigano children dropping out of formal education increases. Based on a literature review and a survey of policies, programmes and projects, and the analysis of interviews with individual and institutional stakeholders, the aim of this article is to present results of a research project that intends to identify key factors for the success and continuity of Cigano schooling paths.
Edición Especial - Revista Redes de Ingeniería
Authors: Salamanca Céspedes Jorge Enrique
Published: August 2017

Edición especial
Evaluación del impacto de la generación distribuida sobre el perfil de tensión en redes de distribución
Authors: Gustavo Luna Russi Gustavo , Gómez Suárez Ricardo Alfonso , Rivas Trujillo Edwin
Published: August 2017

En este artículo, se presentan los resultados de la evaluación del impacto de la generación distribuida en redes de distribución, obtenidos en el perfil de tensión consecuencia del estudio en estado estable.En primera instancia se presenta el modelo de pruebas IEEE 34 nodos con los ajustes propuestos.Así mismo, se muestra los escenarios de simulación planteados con base en un algoritmo de enfoque analítico, para la ubicación de la generación distribuida.
PAGINACIÓN DE MEMORIA EN OS X
Authors: Gèlvez Garcia Nancy Yaneth , Rodríguez Castro Linda Sheriyn , Ponce Fajardo Iván Javier
Published: August 2017

Este artículo expone el esquema de manejo de memoria denominado paginación en el sistema operativo MAC OS. Mediante la implementación de una simulación se evidencia la administración de la memoria, la longitud de los procesos, las paginas correspondientes, los marcos (frames) referentes a las paginas, la dirección física en memoria y la tabla de páginas. Además se presenta un ejemplo detallado del manejo del esquema en la simulación propuesta.