bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of androgen deprivation therapy on cognitive functions in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: A multicentric, prospective study of the Society of Urological Surgery Andrology group
Authors: Cinar Onder , Turunc Tahsin , Kazaz Ilke Onur , Yildirim Omer , Deliktas Hasan , Cihan Ahmet , Gudeloglu Ahmet , üre iyimser , Deveci Serkan , Sahin Bahadir , Cinar Bilge , Ozkara Hamdi
Published: December 2020

Abstract Aims of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the
impact of testosterone deficiency on cognitive functions in metastatic
prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).
Methods: In this multicentric prospective study, 65 metastatic prostate
cancer patients were evaluated. Demographic and clinical data were
recorded. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Symbol Digit
Modalities Test, the California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition, the
Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised, and the Trail Making Test.
Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory.
Cognitive functions and depressive symptoms were recorded before the
androgen deprivation therapy and at the 3- and 6-month follow ups.
Results: At the basal cognitive assessment, the mean Symbol Digit
Modalities Test, the California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition, the
Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised scores were 25.84 ± 17.54,
32.68 ± 10.60, and 17.63 ± 11.23, respectively, and the mean time for
the Trail Making Test was 221.56 ± 92.44 s., and were similar at the
3-month, and 6-month controls (p > 0.05). The mean
pretreatment, third and sixth month testosterone levels were 381.40 ±
157.53 ng/dL, 21.61 ± 9.09 ng/dL, and 12.25 ± 6.45 ng/dL (p <
0.05), and the total PSA levels were 46.46 ± 37.83 ng/mL, 1.41 ± 3.31
ng/mL, and 0.08 ± 0.14 ng/mL (p < 0.05), respectively.
Conclusion: The ADT in patients with metastatic prostate cancer does not
affect patients’ cognitive functions and depressive symptoms. However,
further prospective randomized studies with higher cohorts and longer
follow up periods are needed.
External validation and comparison of current scoring systems in retrograde intrarenal surgery: multi-institutional study with 949 patients
Authors: Bozkurt Ibrahim Halil , Karakoyunlu Nihat , Koras Omer , Çelik Serdar , Sefik Ertugrul , Cakici Mehmet Caglar , Degirmenci Tansu , Imamoglu Muhammed Abdurrahim
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To externally validate and compare Resorlu-Unsal stone
score(RUSS), modified Seoul National University Renal Stone Complexity
Score(S-ReSC), Ito’s nomogram and R.I.R.S. scoring systems for
predicting capabilities of both the stone-free status and complications
in a multi-institutional study. Materials and Methods: We performed a
retrospective analysis of 949 patients who were underwent flexible
ureterorenoscopy (f-URS) and laser lithotripsy for renal stones in two
institutions between March-2015 and June-2020. The RUSS, modified
S-ReSC, Ito’s nomogram and R.I.R.S. scores were calculated for each
patient by same surgeon on imaging methods. Results were compared for
their predictive capability of stone-free status and complications.
Results: Of 949 patients 603 were male and 346 were female with a mean
age of 47.2±14.3 (range 2-84years). Mean stone burden was 102.6±42.2
(48-270mm2). All nomograms predicted stone-free status (AUC were 0.689,
0.657, 0.303 and 0.690, respectively). All four scoring systems
predicted complications with AUC values of 0.689, 0.646, 0.286 and 0.664
for RUSS, modified S-ReSC, Ito’s nomogram, R.I.R.S., respectively.
Although all scoring systems were able to predict complications only
Ito’s nomogram was able to predict Clavien ≥2 complications. Conclusion:
All four scoring systems (RUSS, modified S-ReSC, Ito’s nomogram and
R.I.R.S.) could predict stone-free status after f-URS, however the AUC
values are not satisfactory in our large patient cohort. Although these
scoring systems were not developed for predicting post-operative
complications, they were associated with complications in our study.
However, these four scoring systems have some significant limitations.
The ideal scoring system is yet to be developed.
Opinião: Vantagens do tratar e estender como regime de utilização dos anti-VEGF para DMRI
Authors: Flavio da Costa Ramalho Reinaldo , Mac Cord Medina Flavio
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é auxiliar médicos e gestores nas tomadas de decisão em relação ao tratamento da degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI) com anti-VEGF. A complexidade das decisões decorre do alto custo do tratamento, do fato de se tratar de uma doença que pode evoluir para a cegueira e das dificuldades trazidas pelos esquemas de tratamento. Buscamos mostrar aspectos práticos importantes do tratamento, levando em conta os desfechos clínicos, a utilização de recursos e a carga para os pacientes, com base nas melhores evidências.
Examining Climate and Culture in Audit Firms: Insights, Practice Implications, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Andiola Lindsay M. , Downey Denise Hanes , Westermann Kimberly D.
Published: December 2020

This paper synthesizes research related to audit firm climate and culture. Organizational climate and culture are important to any organization but are particularly important in auditing because of the unique tension among being a regulated profession, a for-profit organization, and performing independent audits on behalf of the public interest. This paper's objectives include introducing the constructs of organizational climate and culture and their application to audit research, reviewing the audit literature to synthesize climate and culture findings, and suggesting future research opportunities. We find that the audit literature on firm climate and culture is vast but fragmented. We identify and discuss seven climate and culture themes (organizational control, leadership, ethical, regulatory, professionalism, commercialism, and socialization) rooted within audit firms and studied by audit academics. Beyond informing academics, our paper has implications for audit practitioners and regulators as they seek to manage auditors' behavior and audit quality through quality control initiatives.
Ablation of AMPK-Related Kinase MPK38/MELK Leads to Male-Specific Obesity in Aged Mature Adult Mice
Authors: Seong Hyun-A , Ha Hyunjung
Published: December 2020

Murine protein serine-threonine kinase 38 (MPK38)/maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is implicated in diverse biological processes, including the cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis; however, its physiological role is unknown. Using mice lacking MPK38 (MPK38−/−), we found that MPK38−/− male, but not female, mice (7 months of age) became obese while consuming a standard diet, displayed impairments in metabolism and inflammation, became more obese than wild-type mice while consuming a high-fat diet, and exhibited no castration/testosterone replacement–induced metabolic changes. The adenoviral restoration of MPK38 ameliorated the obesity-induced adverse metabolic profile of the obese male, but not female, mice. Seven-month-old MPK38−/− males displayed typical postcastration concentrations of serum testosterone with an accompanying decrease in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, suggesting a role for MPK38 in the age-related changes in serum testosterone in aged mature adult male mice. The stability and activity of MPK38 were increased by dihydrotestosterone but reduced by estradiol (E2). These findings suggest MPK38 as a therapeutic target for obesity-related metabolic disorders in males.
Sedentary Behavior and Diabetes Risk Among Women Over the Age of 65 Years: The OPACH Study
Authors: Bellettiere John , LaMonte Michael J. , Healy Genevieve N. , Liles Sandy , Evenson Kelly R. , Di Chongzhi , Kerr Jacqueline , Lee I-Min , Rillamas-Sun Eileen , Buchner David , Hovell Melbourne F. , LaCroix Andrea Z.
Published: December 2020

Objective: Evaluate
whether sedentary time (ST) and/or sedentary behavior patterns are
related to incident diabetes in America's oldest age groups.

Research
Design and Methods: Women
without physician-diagnosed diabetes (n=4839, age=79±7) wore accelerometers for
≥4 days and were followed up-to six years for self-reported newly-diagnosed
diabetes requiring treatment with medications. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident
diabetes were estimated across quartiles (Q) of accelerometer-measured ST and
mean bout duration using Cox proportional hazard models. Isotemporal
substitution analyses using Cox regression tested associations with risk for
diabetes after statistically replacing ST with light physical activity (PA) or moderate-to-vigorous
PA (MVPA) and after replacing light PA with MVPA.

Results: During
20949 person-years, 342 diabetes cases were identified. Women in ST Q2, Q3, and
Q4 (vs. Q1) had incident diabetes HR(95% confidence interval) of 1.20(0.87-1.65),
1.33(0.97-1.82), and 1.21(0.86-1.70); p-trend=0.04. Respective HR(95%CI)
following additional adjustment for body mass index and MVPA were 1.04(0.74-1.47),
1.04(0.72-1.50), and 0.85(0.56-1.29); p-trend=0.90. Fully adjusted isotemporal
substitution results indicated that each 30 minutes of ST replaced with MVPA (but
not light PA) was associated with 15% lower risk for diabetes [HR=0.85(0.75-0.96);
p=0.01]; the HR(95%CI) for replacing 30 minutes of light PA with MVPA was
0.85(0.73-0.98); p=0.03. Mean bout duration was not associated with incident
diabetes.

Conclusions: Statistically
replacing ST or light PA with MVPA was associated with lower diabetes risk in
older women. While reducing ST is important for several health outcomes, results
indicate that to reduce diabetes risk among older adults, the primary public
health focus should be on increasing MVPA.
Düşük Hidrojen Gaz Konsantrasyonunda Tungsten katkılı ZnO İnce filmlerin Gaz Sensörü Uygulamaları
Authors: KARADUMAN ER İrmak
Published: December 2020

Son zamanlarda, dizel, benzin ve propan gazı gibi fosil kaynaklardan gelen enerjinin yerini alabilecek alternatif bir enerji kaynağı olarak hidrojen gazının uygulanması için çalışmalar hızla önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bu nedenle, hidrojen gazı, vaat edilen alternatif bir enerji kaynağı olmanın ötesine geçtiği başlıca enerji kaynaklarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ancak, hidrojen gazı patlayıcıdır ve büyük bir yangına neden olabilir. Bu gazın rengi, kokusu ve tadı olmadığından, güvenlik için minimum miktarda hidrojen gazı algılayabilen çok hassas bir gaz sensörü üretimi yapılmalıdır. Dahası, hidrojen gazı son derece hafiftir ve atmosfere kolayca yayılır. Gaz konsantrasyonu % 4'ün üzerinde olduğunda bir patlama meydana gelebilir; bu nedenle ppm ölçekli hidrojen gazı algılayabilen sensörler geliştirilmelidir. Bu çalışmada Tungten (W) katkılı ZnO ince filmler kimyasal banyolama tekniği ile %1 ve % 2 katkılı olarak büyütüldü ve Hidrojen gaz (H2) algılama özellikleri incelendi. Üretilen numunenin farklı sıcaklıklarda (30°C-160°C) ve 5 ppm-100 ppm gaz konsantrasyonu aralığında elektriksel karakterizasyonu yapıldı. Çalışma sıcaklığı 100 C olarak bulundu. Sensörler, 5 ppm H2 gaz konsantrasyonuna karşı kabul edilebilir düzeyde duyarlılık sergiledi. %1 W-katkılı ZnO ince film 100 °C çalışma sıcaklığında diğer ince filmlere kıyasla daha yüksek algılama performansı gösterdi. %1 W-katkılı ZnO ince film 5 ppm H2 gazına karşı % 28,56 duyarlılık sergilerken, %2 W-katkılı ZnO ince film % 7 duyarlılık sergilediği hesaplandı. Ölçüm sonuçları, numunelerin gaz algılama özelliklerinin katkılamaya bağlı olarak değiştiğini gösterdi.
The Self-Portrait of Censorship in Socialist Romania
Authors: Malița Liviu
Published: December 2020

"Censorship in socialism was a longlasting
institution. Frightening and invisible,
it harboured, in fact, various institutions and
underwent different historical phases. It
prescribed attitudes and themes by partially or
totally suppressing them. What was incriminated
at some point could be accepted a few years
later. A theme, however, has always been taboo:
censorship itself, political power’s discretionary
and abusive act of limiting the freedom of
expression in literature. Based on archival
documents (mainly from the National Archives
of Romania), this paper aims to reconstruct the
way in which the Censorship removed fragments
or whole texts in which it could see (or appeared
to see) its own image. The reports of the
censors may be seen as self-portraits, including
the points of collision and the lines of tension
between literature and power."
La biographie de la censure en Roumanie à travers le regard de trois chercheurs: Adrian Marino, Liviu Malița, Liliana Corobca
Authors: Cesereanu Ruxandra
Published: December 2020

"This study focuses on three authors
whose research concerns have centered almost
ritualistically on censorship in Romania: Adrian
Marino, Liviu Maliţa and Liliana Corobca. While
other works and researchers in the field of
censorship studies are also mentioned in this
essay, these three scholars are remarkable in
terms of their consistent, ample research on
this topic. Each of them has engaged, in their
own particular ways, in outlining a history
and biography of censorship in Romania. My
reasons for selecting these three authors are of
a multigenerational nature. Marino, Malița and
Corobca belong to very different generations,
separated by many years, yet they encapsulate
the defining features of their own generation."
Censure communiste et dérision poétique
Authors: Croitoru Corina
Published: December 2020

"The study proposes a rereading
of the Romanian poetry written during
Communist regime, in order to see how
practices of derision are used in a subversive
manner in relation to political power and the
realities of that era. The humor, irony, sarcasm
or cynicism shown by this poetry are seen as
means to circumvent censorship, entering,
from this perspective, the field of a particular
commitment against historical events."
Masterpieces in an Inferno. Censorship in Cold War Translation Experiences (Micaela Ghițescu’s and Antoaneta Ralian’s Memoirs)
Authors: Fătu-Tutoveanu Andrada
Published: December 2020

"The difficult problem of accurately
translating both form and message takes
a complicated turn when we refer to the
translation of literature under Cold War
totalitarian regimes. On the one hand,
translation was a field in which many Romanian
writers or prestigious intellectuals took
refuge when banished from other cultural or
academic professions. On the other hand, the
system involved all along the phenomenon
of censorship and self-censorship, literary
purges and the organisation of secret funds.
These political interferences that marked
the translation process are discussed in the
memoirs which serve as the focus of this paper."
Sur les avantages et les désavantages des littératures périphériques
Authors: Brugnolo Stefano
Published: December 2020

"Taking as a starting point the volume
Romanian Literature as World Literature, the
essay investigates the relationships between
the so-called major and the so-called minor
literature. It also challenges all those approaches
which claim that in the era of globalization and
the Internet, the literary scene is a flat space
where continental, national, and regional
conditions of hegemony or subalternity are no
longer present. The essay further questions the
paradox according to which critical operations
aimed at contesting certain cultural hegemonies,
and primarily the United States, have better
reception when promoted by institutions
belonging to hegemonic cultures than when
they are promoted by institutions of peripheral
countries."
The Relation Between the Attitude Toward Physical Education Lessons and the Enjoyment in Practicing Physical Activity in Students Aged Between 18 and 22
Authors: Penteleiciuc Mihai , Petracovschi Simona
Published: December 2020

"Introduction: Physical activity is an important factor in the lives of young people once they complete their high school studies. Subsequent participation in adult life in physical activities will be done independently. However, we can assume that the low participation rate of Romanians in physical activities is due to a negative attitude regarding the lesson of physical education and compulsory sports throughout schooling but also to a discomfort regarding participation in physical activities. At the West University of Timisoara, the Physical Education and Sports lesson is compulsory included in the curriculum from all faculties, coming in continuation of high school. The aim of this study is to analyze how the attitude towards the PE lesson correlates with the enjoyment of students to perform physical activity. Material and Method: The participants in this study were 400 students (77% female and 23% male) aged 18-22 years (M = 20.1, SD = .71) from the Western University of Timisoara. To carry out this study, the questionnaire survey method was used. Two questionnaires that explored the students' attitude towards the PE lesson and the students' enjoyment in practicing physical activities were applied. The data obtained was analyzed using the SPSS Statistics program. Results: The score obtained (r = .342, p <0.001) indicates a significant correlation, with a positive score between the attitude towards PE and the enjoyment of practicing physical activities in the students at the West University of Timisoara. Conclusions: It is found that both the attitude towards PE and enjoyment of practicing physical activities are increased.

Keywords: attitudes, enjoyment, Physical Education, physical activity, students."
Fire on the Mountain. Disturbance and Regeneration in Deciduous and Conifer Forests. 20 Years of Experience
Authors: Schulz Erhard , Almohamad Hussein , Bencsik Attila , Cacovean Horea , Hall Mathias
Published: December 2020

"Fire on the Mountain. Disturbance and Regeneration in Deciduous and Conifer Forests. 20 Years of Experience. Two test and monitoring sites in SW Germany (Forchtenberg) and Leghia (NW Romania) furnish insights to the regeneration modes after fire, clearing, burning, and cultivation -slash and burn - in a deciduous forest or after wildfire in a conifer stand. Forest maps and archivalia helped to reconstruct the forest history of the last 250 years of the Forchtenberg site, which as a heritage still influences the present situation. We could document the autonomous co- evolution of vegetation and soil over two decades. It was done by transects and mapping as well as by soil analysis and micromorphology. The role of soil animals for the weathering of charcoals became evident. The evolution of vegetation and soil after a wildfire could be studied on the Leghia site and compared with the Forchtenberg results. As the Leghia site was not cleared after the fire, it enabled us to follow the stages of decay and of regeneration, where conifers do not play a role. Moreover, one could investigate the effects of grass- and pasture fire, still active in the region. It also evidenced the necessary differentiation of charred material into wood- and grass coal. The indicator values of topsoil/soil surfaces are presented as well as those of charred material for the regeneration stages. Finally, we will discuss the fire risk in deciduous forests under a changing climate.

Keywords: Forest disturbance, succession types, forest history, slash and burn, wild fire, charcoal taphonomy, fire risk.
"
Main Characteristics of Incoming Travel Packages in Romania. Study Case: Tours Including Cluj-Napoca
Authors: Talpoș Loredana Maria , Bolog Cristina
Published: December 2020

"Main Characteristics of Incoming Travel Packages in Romania. Study Case: Tours Including Cluj-Napoca. The main purpose of this study is analyzing the features of tourist packages (tours) created and marketed by tour operators to foreign tourists visiting one of the main cities in Romania, Cluj-Napoca. The secondary objectives are identifying the characteristics of the travel packages, the features of tourists’ stay in Cluj-Napoca and the presence of this travel destination in tourist products.
Thus, the focused territory is the city of Cluj-Napoca. Nevertheless, we analyzed the whole tourist package, in order to place the stay in this travel destination in the general context.
An analysis grid was designed, choosing the proper variables. Data was collected by content analysis of the description of tourist packages existing on the websites of the incoming travel agencies in Romania. 394 tours of at least 2 overnights, 8 tours with one overnight and 45 one day trips could be found and analysed.
Information was found regarding aspects such as: length of stay, access and chosen means of transportation, accommodation type and meals included, the extent to which tour guiding services are included and other services, facilities and activities provided. Collected data was processed, graphs were created and analysis and interpretation of results was performed.
We opted to use Microsoft Excel to create the table of the analysis grid where data regarding the chosen variable was introduced and the graphs were created in the same program.
For tours with at least 2 overnights, there are tours including 7 overnights in Romania and only one night or without overnight in Cluj-Napoca, plane to arrive in Romania and road access to Cluj-Napoca, preference for hotels, half-board for meals, tour guiding services for the whole circuit and few activities, facilities and other services included. Also, there are few one-day trips or trips with one overnight and they provide especially transportation, accommodation, meals and tour-guiding, being provided few and poor diversity of other activities, services or facilities.

Keywords: incoming tourism, tourist packages characteristics, travel destination, Romania, Cluj-Napoca.
"
Existence of solutions for a p-Laplacian Kirchhoff type problem with nonlinear term of superlinear and subcritical growth
Authors: Imane Melzi , Toufik Moussaoui
Published: December 2020

"This paper is concerned by the study of the existence of nonnegative and nonpositive solutions for a nonlocal quasilinear Kirchhoff problem by using the Mountain Pass lemma technique."
Perturbations of local C-cosine functions
Authors: Kuo Chung-Cheng
Published: December 2020

"We show that $\tA+\tB$ is a closed subgenerator of a local $\tC$-cosine function $\tT(\cdot)$ on a complex Banach space $\tX$ defined by
$$\tT(t)x=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty \tB^n\int_0^tj_{n-1}(s)j_n(t-s)\tC(|t-2s|)xds$$
for all $x\in\tX$ and
$0\leq t<T_0$, if $\tA$ is a closed subgenerator of
a local $\tC$-cosine function $\tC(\cdot)$ on $\tX$ and one of the following cases holds:
$(i)$ $\tC(\cdot)$ is exponentially bounded, and $\tB$ is a bounded
linear operator on $\overline{\tD(\tA)}$ so that $\tB\tC=\tC\tB$ on $\overline{\tD(\tA)}$ and $\tB\tA\subset\tA\tB$;
$(ii)$ $\tB$ is a bounded linear operator on $\overline{\tD(\tA)}$ which commutes with
$\tC(\cdot)$ on $\overline{\tD(\tA)}$ and $\tB\tA\subset\tA\tB$;
$(iii)$ $\tB$ is a bounded linear operator on $\tX$ which commutes with
$\tC(\cdot)$ on $\tX$.
Here $j_n(t)=\frac{t^n}{n!}$ for all $t\in\Bbb R$, and
$$\int_0^tj_{-1}(s)j_0(t-s)\tC(|t-2s|)xds=\tC(t)x$$
for all $x\in\tX$ and $0\leq t<T_0$."
Gradient-type deformations of cycles in EPH geometries
Authors: Crasmareanu Mircea
Published: December 2020

"The aim of this paper is to study the cycles of EPH geometries through their omogeneous gradient-type deformations recently introduced by the author. A special topic is the orthogonality between a given cycle $C$ and its deformations as well as between $C$ and its rotated version $R(C)$."
EQUITY SEBAGAI DASAR PERTIMBANGAN PUTUSAN HAKIM DALAM MENYELESAIKAN PERKARA PIDANA PEREMPUAN
Authors: Ariyanti Vivi
Published: December 2020

Hakim sebagai garda utama bagi pencari keadilan harus mampu melampaui batasan positivisme hukum dan dapat membuka diri terhadap akal budi (natural reason) yang selama ini menjadi ruang kosong dalam proses penetapan hukum di pengadilan. Fokus artikel ini membahas bagaimana putusan pengadilan seharusnya dibuat dengan mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek yang logis sesuai dengan akal budi, berdasarkan prinsip equity sebagai dasar pertimbangan putusan dalam menyelesaikan perkara pidana perempuan. Kajian ini berkesimpulan bahwa penerapan prinsip equity dalam peradilan pidana merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mencari keadilan di saat tidak ada aturan perundang-undangan yang dapat menjamin hak-hak perempuan sebagai korban tindak pidana. Penerapan prinsip equity dalam hukum pidana ini dapat disamakan dengan prinsip ex aequo et bono dalam hukum perdata, yaitu “menurut keadilan” sehingga majelis hakim dapat berpendapat lain dari ketentuan yang telah ada dan menjatuhkan putusan yang seadil-adilnya bagi perempuan korban tindak pidana/kekerasan seksual.
Komposisi Kimia Penyusun Minyak Atsiri Daun Insulin (Tithonia diversifolia (Hamsley) A.Gray) dari Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Fauzi'ah Lina , Hajati Siti Nadiya
Published: December 2020

Daun Insulin (Tithonia diversifolia) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang digunakan masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan untuk mengatasi glikemia. Analisis komposisi Kimia penyusun minyak atsiri dari daun Insulin yang berasal dari Kalimantan Selatan belum dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komponen kimia penyusun minyak atsiri Daun Insulin (T. diversifolia) untuk melengkapi data dasar daun Insulin yang diperoleh dari Kalimantan Selatan. Sampel daun Insulin diperoleh tumbuh liar dari Desa Hulu Pasar, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Sebelum didistilasi, daun dikeringanginkan kemudian dikeringkan dengan oven pada suhu 50 ᵒC selama 30 menit. Metode distilasi rebus digunakan untuk mendapatkan minyak atsiri daun Insulin. Sampel didistilasi selama 48 jam sehingga diperoleh minyak bening berwarna kekuningan dengan rendemen minyak 0,02% (b/b). Minyak hasil distilasi selanjutnya dianalisis dengan Kromatografi Gas-Spektra Masa (KG-SM). Hasil kromatogram minyak atsiri daun Insulin menunjukkan adanya 6 puncak yang teridentifikasi melalui spektra massa merupakan senyawa limonen (32,14%), β pinen (24,88%), α pinen (21,73%), trans kariofilen (11,68%), bisiklogermakren (5,24%), dan β felandren (4,33%). Komponen kimia penyusun minyak atsiri daun Insulin termasuk dalam golongan monoterpena dan seskuiterpena hidrokarbon.
Analisa Penilaian Soal Fisika Menggunakan Model Rasch Dengan Program R
Authors: Ayub Made Rai Suci Shanti Nurani , Istiyono Edi , Munadi Sudji , Permadi Cahyo , Pattiserlihun Alvama , Sudjito Debora Natalia
Published: December 2020

Penilaian hasil pembelajaran dibutuhkan untuk membuat keputusan dalam pembelajaran. Banyak pengajar mengabaikan cara penilaian hasil belajar, dengan soal-soal yang tidak mencerminkan kemampuan siswa. Penelitian ini memberikan sebuah contoh cara menganalisa soal Fisika yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan siswa dengan tepat. Banyak tehnik penilaian sudah dikembangkan untuk menilai pencapaian kompetensi hasil belajar siswa. Analisa teori respon butir atau Item Response Theory (IRT) merupakan salah satu analisa yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat ketepatan soal. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan pendekatan model Rasch. Model Rasch mengacu pada tingkat kesulitan butir soal (b) tiap item soal, dan daya beda butir soal (a) yang sama untuk seluruh item soal. Analisa butir soal menggunakan 16 butir soal Fisika pada media pembelajaran Fun Frame in Physics (FFP). Butir soal diujikan kepada 99 siswa SMP dan dianalisa menggunakan program R, dengan hasil daya beda butir soal (a) sebesar 0,815 ,  tingkat kesulitan butir rata-rata (brata2) -0,331 dengan standar deviasi 1,232552. Hasil pengkategorian soal didapatkan, soal dikatakan sangat sulit jika  b > 0,902, soal dikatakan sulit jika  -0,331 < b < 0,902, soal dikatakan mudah jika -1,564 < b < -0,331 dan soal dikatakan sangat mudah jika b < -1,564. Kesimpulan tigkat kesulitan soal FFP adalah  25% soal sangat mudah, 37,5% soal mudah, 12,5% soal sulit, dan 25% soal sangat sulit.  Karakeristik butir soal ditampilkan juga dalam bentuk fungsi informasi.Grafik fungsi informasi butir menunjukkankan bahwa gambaran karakteristik soal yang dibangun dari respon siswa terlihat mampu menggambaran kemampuan siswa, tercermin melalui nilai informasi tertinggi untuk tiap soal.
Epistemiological and Methodological aspects of Individual Risk Assessment
Authors: Cadet Bernard
Published: December 2020

In societies in which technological development has reached an advanced stage, risk assessment of all kinds is an individual and social necessity. Individual risk assessment strategies employed by "ordinary" people have certain specific epistemological and methodological characteristics that are well worth studying in order to understand how such people behave. In this paper, the author argues that risk assessment is reached by means of a complex and subjective "construct"; he goes on to analyse two distinct approaches - factorial and procedural - to the assessment process. The difficulties that arise as regards assessment are then analysed in terms of data processing. The author indicates certain relationship patterns between objective ratings (scores) and their subjective counterpart (assessment), and highlights certain - at times surprising - rules of "mental arithmetic".
Naive Explanations of Road Accidents: Self-Serving Bias and Defensive Attribution
Authors: Bordel Stéphanie , Guingouain Gérard , Somat Alain , Terrade Florence , Aubouin Anne-Valérie , Querrat Denis , Botrel Katell
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to take into account the explanations given by people involved in road accident (drivers, passengers and witnesses) so as to consider preconisation susceptible to improve road safety. Testimonies from 205 reports of the French "Gendarmerie Nationale" were analysed. The results show the existence of actor (driver)/observer (passenger and witness) asymmetry in attribution. In fact, observers give as many internal explanations as external explanations, when actors give more external explanations than internal explanations. This result can be interpreted in term of self-serving bias (in so far as we note an effect of the severity of the outcomes on the drivers' explanations) and also can be interpreted according to the theory of defensive attribution (even if we fail to show that observers' explanations can be influenced by accident severity). Actors and observers explain events with different categories (actor/observer asymmetry bias), but use the same motivational strategies of protection: drivers would try to protect their self-esteem in order to avoid being held responsible for the accident (self-serving bias), while observers would try to protect themselves (defensive attribution) from the idea that they could find themselves in the same situation. Finally, we examine some preconisations likely to enhance the road safety.
The Hierarchical Position and Length of Service as Determinants of Accidents Naive Explanations: A Study of a Romanian Enterprize
Authors: Oprea Ciobanu Raluca , Kouabenan Dongo Rémi
Published: December 2020

This article aimed at examining accidents' causal attributions by employees from a Romanian company according to their hierarchical position and their length of service. We particularly investigated how workers and their supervisors perceived risks and occupational accidents' causes. Participants were 114 employees, included 30 supervisors and 84 workers. They all belonged to the most exposed departments of the factory observed. The material used derived from the fatalism scale elaborated by Kouabenan (1998) and his risk perception and accidents' causal explanation scale (Kouabenan (1996). As far as possible we adapted this material to the Romanian context. The results showed that the employees had an accurate perception of the risks inherent in their work environment (pollution, occupational accidents, traffic accidents). There was no clear effect of the hierarchical position on causal attributions for the accidents. Both workers as well as their supervisors made more external attributions. However, workers held more fatalistic beliefs than supervisors. In the same way, the length of service didn't affect causal attributions for accidents, but affect the adherence to fatalistic beliefs. Less experienced employees believe more in fate than more experienced employees. All in all, the results of this study tend to confirm those of previous work (Kouabenan, 1996; Beauvois & Dubois, 1988; Yeray & Oskelys, 2001). Implications and possible preventive measures derived from these results were discussed.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN FISKUS DAN SANKSI PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI DI KPP PRATAMA KARAWANG UTARA
Authors: Susanti Yunita , Suhono Suhono
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Fiskus dan Sanksi Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di KPP Pratama Karawang Utara. Uji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada KPP Pratama Karawang Utara. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 273.322 Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Purposive Sampling, penentuan jumlah sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus slovin, sehingga  diperoleh jumlah responden sebanyak 100 Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi. Hasil penelitian secara parsial dan simultan menunjukan bahwa Kualitas Pelayanan Fiskus dan Sanksi Perpajakan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi.

 

Kata kunci: Kualitas Pelayanan Fiskus; Sanksi Perpajakan; Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak.
Epidemiological study of lesions associated with mandibular and maxillary bones diagnosed by a brazilian reference center over 11 years
Authors:   State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil, Farias Jener ,   UNIME – College of Agrarian Health Sciences, Lauro de Freitas, Brazil, Pereira Laís ,   State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil, Hassam Sheinaz ,   UNIME – College of Agrarian Health Sciences, Lauro de Freitas, Brazil, Ramos Tarsila ,   State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil, Câncio Antônio ,   State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil,   CTBMF Service at Clériston Andrade Hospital – SESAB, Feira de Santana, Brazil, Cardoso Juliana ,   UNIME – College of Agrarian Health Sciences, Lauro de Freitas, Brazil
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of lesions associated with the maxillary bone biopsied from patients assisted at the Reference Centre for Oral Injuries of the State University of Feira de Santana (CRLB – UEFS) from 2006 to 2017, identifying the three most frequent lesions and their clinical characteristics. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate all the histopathological reports of the last 11 years that included a histopathological diagnosis of bone lesions of the maxilla preconized by the WHO (2017), as well as data on patients, such as gender, age, histopathological diagnosis, and anatomical location. The collected information was input into tables using Microsoft Office Excel Professional Plus Software (2013). Results: 65 conclusive reports were found for bone lesions of the maxilla, with a prevalence of 0.03. The mean age was 45.2 years, and the female gender and the posterior region of the mandible were the most affected. Conclusions: The most frequent lesions were cemento-osseous dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia, and ossifying fibroma.
Radiographic assessment of the intracanal retainer length and its endodontic correlation
Authors:   Department of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, Schmitt Bruna , Mezzomo Luis ,   Department of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, Garcia Lucas ,   Department of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, Fernandes João ,   School of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, Fernandes Paula ,   School of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, Volpato Claudia ,   Department of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study retrospectively correlated metallic cast retainers’ length with the quality of the remaining apical sealing. Methods: A total of 320 periapical radiographs were analyzed by two independent, calibrated examiners. The retainers’ length was classified as adequate, short, and long (2/3, <2/3, and >2/3 of the root length, respectively). The quality of the remaining apical sealing was assessed considering three aspects: lateral compaction, distance to the root apex, and amount of remaining filling material. A chi-square test at a 5% significance level was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 443 intracanal retainers assessed, 14.9% were adequate, 82.4% short, and 2.7% long. Regarding endodontic treatment aspects, 76.1% were inadequate in at least one aspect, whereas approximately 50% were incorrect in all aspects analyzed (p=0.0003). When both prosthetic and endodontic aspects were considered, 5.9% of the treatments were considered appropriate, 16.9% clinically acceptable, and 77.2% inadequate. Conclusions: Suitable retainers were 2.5 times more frequent in teeth with adequate endodontic treatment. The low frequency of appropriate intracanal retainers suggests inappropriate endodontic treatment.
Analisis Nilai Tambah Produksi Enzim Xilanase dari Biomassa Dedak Sorgum Merah
Authors:   Institut Sains dan Teknologi Al-Kamal, Halim Abdul
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi nilai tambah produksi enzim xilanase dari biomassa dedak sorgum merah varietas lokal Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Dedak sorgum memiliki kandungan hemiselulosa tertinggi di antara bagian-bagian lain dari biomassa sorgum merah. Xilanase diproduksi dengan metode fermentasi padat sedangkan analisis nilai tambah dilakukan menggunakan metode Hayami dan Kawagoe. Kandungan hemiselulosa dedak sorgum merah adalah 59,3%. Rendemen hasil enzim xilanase dari dedak sorgum merah adalah 28,99% dengan aktivitas 715,45 U/mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dedak sorgum memiliki nilai tambah IDR 1,193,000/Kg dalam produksi xilanase; Margin keuntungan Rp1.335.000/Kg; dan laba perusahaan sebesar 65,7%.
Efektivitas Keberhasilan Okulasi Cokelat Dengan Jenis Klon dan Pemberian Pupuk Pada Pembibitan Tanaman Karet
Authors:   Sekolah Vokasi IPB, Rochmah Hidayati Fatchur , Ramdani Fauzan Syahputra ,   Sekolah Vokasi IPB
Published: December 2020

Tanaman merupakan tanaman penghasil devisa negara no 2. Salah satu penyebab produktivitas karet rendah adalah petani perkebunan rakyat yang kurang menguasai teknologi budidaya yang tepat dan jarang menggunakan klon-klon unggul anjuran sesuai standar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan jenis klon dan penambahan pupuk terhadap keberhasilan okulasi cokelat dan pertumbuhan bibit karet. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 14 Januari - 1 April 2020 di Kebun Pasir Ucing, PT Pasir Ucing, Bandung, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua faktor yaitu perlakuan klon batang atas okulasi coklat yaitu : (K1) Klon PR 261 dan (K2) Klon PR 300 serta perlakuan Pupuk yaitu : (P1) Tanpa Pupuk dan (P2) Pupuk. Setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali dan setiap satuan percobaan terdapat tiga bibit, sehingga total perlakuan yaitu 36 satuan percobaan. Pengamatan yang diamati yaitu; bahan Tanam, prosentase keberhasilan okulasi, prosentase daun, tinggi tunas, diameter tunas dan pemeliharaan Bibit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan klon batang atas PR 261 lebih baik dibanding klon batang atas PR 300. Penambahan pupuk menghasilkan pertumbuhan tinggi tunas bibit karet sebesar 6,97 cm dan diameter sebesar 0.29 cm. Kombinasi Perlakuan klon PR 261 dan pupuk urea 4 g polybag-1, Sp-36 2 g polybag-1 dan KCL 1 g polybag-1 meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit karet.
Pengaruh Curah Hujan dan Pemupukan terhadap Rendemen Tebu di PG Asembagus Situbondo
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Hartatie Dian , Harlianingtyas Irma ,   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Supriyadi FNU ,   Politeknik Negeri Jember
Published: December 2020

Iklim merupakan salah satu penentu keberhasilan swasembda gula di Indonesia. Curah hujan merupakan salah satu unsur iklim yang sangat penting dalam budidaya tebu. Sehingga curah hujan menjadi faktor penting dalam memenentukan rendemen tebu yang dihasilkan. Salah satu faktor penting yang dapat mempengaruhi rendemen tebu adalah dosis pemupukan.Unsur hara yang diberikan pada tanaman tebu turut mempengaruhi kadar gula yang dihasilkan tanman tebu. Rendemen tebu adalah kadar kandungan gula didalam batang tebu yang dinyatakan dengan persen. PG Asembagoes adalah salah satu pabrik gula yang ada di Jawa Timur milik PTPN XI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh curah hujan dan pemupukan terhadap rendemen tebu di PG Asembagus Situbondo. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisi regresi dengan curah hujan dan pemupukan sebagai veriabel bebas dan rendemen tebu sebagai variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan dan pemupukan secara simultan atau bersamaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap rendemen tebu di PG. Asembagus dengan persamaan regresinya adalah y=4,373+0,0167Curah Hujan+0,0022Pemupukan dan besarnya koefisien determinasi 75,08%. Model regresi. ini diharapkan mampu memberikan rekomendasi serta kebijakan guna perbaikan produksi di PG Asembagus Situbondo.
Kajian Budidaya Jagung (Zea mays L.) Pola “OpSiTongTif”
Authors:   Balai Besar Pelatihan Pertanian Binuang, AuthorsBudiono FNU
Published: December 2020

Kajian ini mencoba untuk mengimplementasikan konsep optimalisasi nutrisi, polinasi, disain tanam, dan harmonisasi pasar. Kaji widya ini membahas tentang manajemen pengelolaan nutrisi, optimalisasi tongkol dan polinasi, pengelolaan disain tanam dan terwujudnya pasar yang sehat dan harmonis. Data dikumpulkan dari data primer (hasil penelitian pendahuluan riset ke-1 hingga riset ke- 6) dan data sekunder . Data primer diperoleh dari hasil penelitian 1 (sinkronisasi waktu polinasi pada penanaman jagung beda waktu.) hingga penelitian ke-6 (optimalisasi mutu dan stabilisasi produksi). Data sekunder didukung dari data hasil jurnal, prosedding, makalah ilmiah dan teks buku tentang budidaya jagung, nutrisi, ZPT, Polinasi dan karakteristis tanaman Kelas Greamineae. Data pada kajian ke-7 menggunakan metode deskriptif siklus pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman jagung pada beberapa waktu tanam yang berbeda umur 1, 2 hingga 3 minggu. Waktu penelitian pada tanggal 10 November 2018 hingga 10 April 2019 di Lahan Praktek Balai Besar Pelatihan Pertanian Binuang, Kelurahan Binuang Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Tapin, Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Penerapan teknologi budidaya tanaman jagung sesuai teknologi rekomendasi spesifik lokalita dengan modifikasi waktu tanam/disain tanam, perlakuan ZPT alami, dan pemupukan Suplemen Tanaman. Hasil dari kajian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan nutrisi, pengaturan waktu tanam dan polinasi, sehingga terjadi sinkronisasi polinasi tanaman ke-1 dengan tanaman ke-2 mampu mewujudkan tanaman jagung bertongkol lebih dari 2, dengan sistem panen 3 kali yaitu panen baby corn, jagung muda dan jagung pipil/pakan. Produksi baby corn 325-450 Kg/Ha; 15.000-20.000 tongkol jagung muda/Ha ; dan hasil pipilan jagung kering 9,65 ton/Ha, Sistem buddiaya jagung pola OpSiTongTif mampu memberikan keuntungan usaha bagi petani sebesar Rp.26.750.000/Ha/musim dengan tingkat B/C ratio sebesar 1.68. Sistem ini juga mampu mengontrol harga jagung karena petani tidak produksi jagung pipil saja tapi menghasilkan baby corn dan jagung muda dengan distribusi produksi sepanjang tahun.
Seleksi dan Karakterisasi Pertumbuhan Cendawan Tanah Penghasil Enzim Protease Asal Rhizosfer Padi di Tarakan – Kalimantan Utara
Authors:   Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Adiwena Muh , Mardhiana FNU ,   Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Murtilaksono Aditya ,   Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Santoso Dwi ,   Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Wijaya Rizza ,   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu ,   Universitas Jember
Published: December 2020

Cendawan tanah memegang peran esensial dalam budidaya pertanian berkelanjutan. Kemampuannya dalam memproduksi berbagai senyawa metabolit menjadikan cendawan sebagai salah satu agens hayati yang potensial untuk mengendalikan patogen tanaman. Salah satu metabolit sekunder cendawan yang bersifat anti-patogen adalah enzim ekstraseluler protease. Enzim ini dapat mendegradasi dinding sel cendawan patogen, nematoda, dan telur nematoda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi cendawan penghasil enzim protease dari rhizosfer padi dan mengkarakterisasi pertumbuhannya. Sampel tanah diambil dari 5 titik pengambilan sampel pada lahan padi petani di Kelurahan Mamburungan, Kota Tarakan, Kalimantan Utara. Isolasi dilakukan menggunakan media potato dextrose agar (PDA) pada suhu 37°C di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman, Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Cendawan yang tumbuh dikarakterisasi bentuk makroskopisnya secara visual. Pengujian aktivitas proteolitik dilakukan menggunakan media PDA yang ditambah dengan skim milk. Seluruh cendawan yang tumbuh kemudian dikarakterisasi kecepatan tumbuhnya selama 11 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 7 isolat cendawan yang berhasil diisolasi, dan 3 (48,85%) diantaranya mampu menghasilkan enzim protease. Isolat yang mampu menghasilkan enzim protease adalah isolat C5, C6, dan C7. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan karakter pertumbuhannya, tujuh isolat yang diperoleh menunjukkan respon yang beragam. Pada hari ke-11, pertumbuhan tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh isolat C1, C2, C5, dan C6 dengan diameter 8,5 cm. Pertumbuhan paling lambat ditunjukkan oleh isolat C7 dengan diameter 2,53 cm. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa terdapat cendawan proteolitik dari rhizosfer padi pada lokasi penelitian dengan karakter pertumbuhan yang beragam.
Pengaruh Dosis Mikoriza (Vam) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Awal Bibit Dua Varietas Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Varietas Sp 80-1816 dan Ps 882 Pada Tahap Aklimatisasi
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Amal Ichlasul , Bintoro M ,   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Sari Alfarina Kardiana ,   PT Perkebunan Nusantara X Kediri, Jawa Timur
Published: December 2020

Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi gula adalah dengan meningkatkan kualitas bibit tebu. Kualitas bibit tebu sebelum dipindahkan ke lapangan dapat ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan mikroorganisme dalam tanah, yaitu mikoriza pada tahap aklimatisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis mikoriza VAM terhadap pertumbuhan awal SP 80-1816 dan bibit tebu PS 882 pada tahap aklimatisasi. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah dosis mikoriza yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu tanpa perlakuan mikoriza (M0), 5 gram mikoriza / polibag (M1), 8 gram mikoriza / polibag (M2), dan 11 gram mikoriza / polibag (M3). Faktor kedua adalah varietas tebu yang terdiri dari 2 taraf, yaitu SP 80-1816 (V1) dan PS 882 (V2). Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara dosis mikoriza dan varietas tidak menunjukkan signifikan pada semua parameter. Sedangkan faktor tunggal, dosis mikoriza menunjukkan jumlah anakan yang sangat signifikan, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata pada parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, berat basah, dan berat kering bibit tebu. Jumlah anakan terbanyak ditunjukkan oleh bibit tebu yang diberikan sebanyak 8 gram / polybag, yaitu 6,60. Dosis mikoriza juga menunjukkan secara signifikan panjang akar dengan hasil bahwa bibit yang diberi mikoriza lebih baik daripada yang tidak diberikan. Varietas faktor secara signifikan hanya dalam parameter tinggi tanaman pada umur 4 minggu setelah tanam dengan Varietas SP 80-1816 (V1) memiliki respon terbaik dibandingkan dengan varietas PS 882 (V2).