bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stosunek religii do nauki. Punkt widzenia prawosławnego
Authors: Paprocki Henryk
Published: September 2014

Polish astronomer Konrad Rudnicki suggested that the so-called Copernican revolution, with far-reaching consequences for western Christianity, was hardly noticed in orthodoxy. In this case, the domain of discoveries and scientific truths remained distinct from the strictly theological domain. The Earth was treated as a mystical centre of the universe because of the Incarnation of Christ, which did not mean that it was also the real centre of the empirical universe. However, Copernicus’s discovery led to a rapidly progressive process of the western Church distancing itself from science. On the other hand, discoveries and scientific theories can in no case be contrary to the principles of faith, because we are dealing here with two different cognitive methods. It is the point of destination of both methods that should be the same.As regards culture, we need to consider the fascinating relation of the Latin words cultus and cultura, which points to the fact that culture developed originally within the cult, and it was there where its source was (Fr. Paul Florenski). The real culture (and thus literature and art) must always have a dimension reaching beyond time. In this respect, every authentic work of art has a sacred character in the sense of a deep inner connection with everything that is transcendent.When it comes to the connection between religion and science, the situation is even more evident, as God commands in the Bible: „Fill the Earth and subdue it” (Genesis 1:28), which requires education, because without it, it is impossible to master the earth.The contradiction between science and culture on one side and religion on the other is something superficial and, indeed, must not be present, if we understand properly the role of all these areas in their mutual relations.
Ekumenizm na drodze przemian: problemy i wyzwania
Authors: Kałużny Tadeusz
Published: September 2014

The author of the article has aimed at briefly outlining the present situation of the ecumenical movement. In the course of the reflection, he states that in the history of the ecumenical movement, the period of initial enthusiasm and dynamic development has given place to a period in which difficulties are experienced. Satisfaction with the doubtless achievements goes side by side with a sense of disappointment and discouragement resulting from the fact that the desired unity has not been possible to realize despite the efforts taken. However, this is not a time of stagnation or ice age, as some think, but, rather, time of approaching maturity, of estimating the way covered and recognizing new challenges. All this leads us to the conclusion that, at present, ecumenism is in a deepreaching process of transformation. It focuses especially on issues such as: 1) the aim of ecumenism, 2) the partners of dialogue, 3) ecumenical paradigm, 4) confessional identity, 5) reception of the achievements of dialogue. No doubt, the way to full unity is longer and harder than many have expected. However, the ecumenical involvement of the Roman Catholic Church is irreversible. The problems noted and the new challenges in the field of ecumenism should inspire one to a more intense and deep effort for the sake of bringing back full and visible union of all Christ’s disciples.
Definicja piękna w XII wieku a architektoniczna ekspozycja ołtarza w epoce gotyckiej
Authors: Bogdan Mirosław
Published: September 2014

This article, while taking into account the mystical reality of a relic, defines gothic initiated by the abbot Surger with the construction of the first gothic basilica in Saint-Denis near Paris in the XII century, as a reality required to know the difference between individual invisible beauty and corporeal visible beauty. When the differentiation of these types of beauty shows itself, not only thanks to the unknown in Romanism mystical structure of architecture in a gothic temple, but also through the construction of the gothic altar and hiding it in a choir enclosed by a lectorium in accordance to the zone of aisles, there is a necessity for a scientific definition of beauty connected with the then contemporary stylistic changes.This is why this article presents the main schools of aesthetic thought from the XII century, which include: the aesthetic school of Hugon of St. Victor in Paris, Cistercian school with their representative St. Bernard from Clairvaux and the aesthetic school in Chartres. With the definition of artistic types of beauty, a lot of attention is applied to the separation and coexistence of spiritual and corporeal beauty. This decides about moral beauty and the beauty of clear existence, without which there is no right knowing of the ascetic Cistercian architecture and the reality of the gothic curtain altar. Finally it is emphasized, that the importance of twelfth century aesthetics is everlasting and had introduced order to gothic architectural space, which is still found in it now, as it had been in the time of abbot Surger of Saint-Denis.
Formacja nowych ewangelizatorów dla dzieła nowej ewangelizacji
Authors: Iwańska Izabela
Published: September 2014

The new evangelization needs new evangelizers. Every Christian is called to bear witness to faith, his deeds and words. No one is born evangelizer, but a person becomes evangelizer in the way of the formation. To form the new evangelizer for the new evangelization, you must clearly define the vision and the purpose to which we are going toward. We want to form him according to the assumptions of the new evangelization. The new evangelization is new in the enthusiasm, new in the method and new in the means of expression. The formation of the new evangelizers for the new evangelization, is an integral formation, involves the whole person and takes place continuously, day after day. The formation method was taken from the Bible. It consists of the formation of the disciples. It is important to choose people who will be able to form the next disciples. The formator, the trainer or the teacher is needed in the process of formation. This may be the person who have gone thought this way, and he goes on it further, keeping in mind that Christian always teaches to evangelize by evangelizing.
Święty Jan z Ávili doktorem Kościoła
Authors: Zyzak Wojciech
Published: September 2014

The Author of the article shows the life and meaning of Saint John of Ávila, announced by Pope Benedict XVI a new Doctor of the Church on 7 October 2012. The text presents his holy life, his works and his eminent doctrine. The author characterizes the works of the saint, especially the tractate Audi, filia. He also presents the most important ideas of his teaching: Christology, the concept of the Church, the cardinal virtues, especially the faith, the theory of prayer, asceticism, mystic and the development of spiritual life. He also shows John of Ávila as an expert in priestly spirituality.
Marriage Consent vis-à-vis St. Thomas Aquinas’ notion on Internal Freedom
Authors: Belagapo Erwin José A.
Published: September 2014

No abstract
Niosąc w przyszłość dziedzictwo pontyfikatu. Związki watykańskiej Fundacji Jana Pawła II z instytucjami w Polsce
Authors: Dobrzyński Andrzej
Published: September 2014

The John Paul II Foundation is an organization of Polish emigrants from around the world who want to be linked to the Pontificate of their compatriot. The Foundation was established by John Paul II, October 16th, 1981 in the Vatican. The purpose of the Foundation was to develop a relationship between the Holy See and Polish nation, enhance the Christian and Polish culture throughout the world, and document the Pontificate of John Paul II.The article Carrying into the Future the Legacy of John Paul II’s Pontificate introduces the activity of the four institutions, which operate within the Foundation. Three of the institutions reside in Rome; the Polish Home for Pilgrims, the Institute of Polish Christian Culture, and the Center for Research and Documentation of the Pontificate. The fourth Institution is the John Paul II Foundation Home, in Lublin. This Institution provides scholarships to students of former communist countries to study at the Catholic University located in Lublin.The purpose of the article was to illustrate the fruitful relationship between the Foundations activities and the various organizations in Poland during its 30 year existence. After the collapse of communism in 1989, and the death of John Paul II in 2005, many similar institutions have been founded in Poland. The collaboration among them helps to preserve and disseminate the Legacy of the Pontificate of John Paul II.
Woman, Self-Giving and Receiving: New Feminism, Theology of the Body, and Society
Authors: Gawkowska Aneta
Published: September 2014

This paper was originally presented at the “Theology of the Body” International Symposium organized at the Athenaeum Pontificium Regina Apostolorum in Rome, Italy, which was held November 9–11, 2011.
Księdza Tischnera mocowanie się ze słowem. Wokół Kazań starosądeckich
Authors: Ostafiński Witold
Published: September 2014

Seeking the proper language for preaching was Fr. Tischner’s greatest pastoral challenge. In the simplicity of thought and language he expressed his respect for the recipient, whom he managed to charm with the word. He offered, but did not impose, his point of view upon recipients, and examined the word of God together with the audience. With his straightforward and fluent narration he invited his audience to enter the space of dialogue. The choice of linguistic measures makes the texts of sermons communicative, coherent, logical, orderly, carefully thought out in terms of invention, disposition and allocution. The speaker impresses us with his consequence, the discipline of speech, he avoids theological phrasings, uses the language devoid of pathos, overblown style, exaltation. Kazania starosądeckie (Starosądeckie sermons) combine wit and wisdom, philosophy and life.
Amor fati Fryderyka Nietzschego (konieczność i przypadkowość losu człowieka)
Authors: Pałasiński Paweł
Published: September 2014

This article is about the concept of amor fati in the Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy. In philosophy of Beyond Good and Evil the author’s idea of amor fati combines reflections on fortuitousness and necessity in the context of human life. In this paper, the author attempts to show the significance of this idea by the interpretation of Nietzsche’s statements about the following concepts: fortuitousness and necessity. The other issue is Nietzsche’s writing about his own attitude to life and the world. The amor fati idea appear to be an existential challenge that Nietzsche confronts with people who want to see their life as meaningful. By Nietzsche fortuitousness as the essence of the world is subordinate to the human life requiring the purpose. The amor fati concept appears as one way of life in the world without purpose.
Fatum i absurd. Inspiracja tragedią grecką w twórczości Alberta Camusa
Authors: Roś Joanna
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this article is to show that the Greek drama for Albert Camus was an expression of the universal experience of the cruelty of fate. Dramatic stories of Oedipus and Prometheus were for him a kind of map of the world with space selected for the man and his denial of suffering. Camus knows that in the tragedy even a man who is a „plaything of the gods”, maintains strength and honor in his defeat, and that the hero embroiled in horror stories, preserves the dignity, which adds faith and courage. This is where Camus found the connotation between the concept of fate and absurd, because absurd can’t be defeated by force of human will, a munity directed against absurd does not save the Man from misfortune.
Dwa żywioły bezkresu. Woda i powietrze w filozofii Gastona Bachelarda
Authors: Kotowska Joanna
Published: September 2014

The article proposes to look at the idea of the infinity from the perspective of a French philosopher, Gaston Bachelard. His theory concerning the four elements is one of the twentieth century’s most interesting elementary concepts. The aim of this work is to show a manifest link between the notion of the infinity and its realizations (materializations) on the physical plane, that is to say Bachelard’s water and air. Both of these elements represent their own, specific kind of infinity, which is nonetheless very close to a man, because not only conceivable but also present in everyday life. Every single contact with the element is a touch of infinity.
Komunikacja międzyosobowa we współczesnej rodzinie
Authors: Kędziołka Władysław
Published: September 2014

Rodzina jest najważniejszym środowiskiem w życiu każdego człowieka, dlatego bardzo ważne jest utrzymanie właściwych relacji pomiędzy poszczególnymi jej członkami. Zachowanie i pielęgnowanie ich jest możliwe dzięki prawidłowo prowadzonemu dialogowi. Dlatego też rozważania nad problemem dialogu w rodzinie stały się głównym tematem niniejszego artykułu. Jego celem jest ukazanie, że komunikacja to nie tylko słowa, ale szereg niewerbalnych czynników, które ułatwiają nawiązanie dialogu.
Potrzeba rewalidacji sprawiedliwości w mediosferze
Authors: Drożdż Michał
Published: September 2014

Postęp technologii medialno-informacyjnych przynosi z jednej strony wielorakie korzyści dla człowieka i społeczności, ale z drugiej źle wykorzystany przez ludzi umacnia niesprawiedliwość i utrwala krzywdę. Funkcjonowanie mediów w oparciu o prawdę i sprawiedliwość gwarantuje, że przekazy medialne będą szanować godność człowieka i służyć budowaniu autentycznie ludzkiej wspólnoty. Celem prezentowanych poniżej analiz jest próba ukazania roli sprawiedliwości jako wartości, jako cnoty i jako zasady etycznej w funkcjonowaniu mediów, a przede wszystkim w wartościowaniu ludzkich działań we współczesnej mediosferze.
Bezduszność prawa
Authors: Zwoliński Andrzej
Published: September 2014

W świadomości społecznej jest obecny standard przyzwoitości, który niekoniecznie znajduje swój wyraz w przepisach prawa. Jest on bardzo często zapominany, a odczuwa się go w konkrecie szkodliwych dla dobra rozwoju jednostki działań urzędów. Za niebezpieczne postawy należy uznać np. powoływanie się na prawo dla uzasadnienia legalności, jak i godziwości własnych zachowań urzędnika, gdy prawo wykorzystywane jest jako alibi moralne – to ujurydycznienie moralności, czyli zbyt dalekie wchodzenie normami prawa na obszary etyczne. Autor artykułu uzasadnia tezę, iż etycznego wymiaru prawa należy poszukiwać w jego humanizacji, a nie w poddaniu się jego totalitarnej interpretacji.
Zasada sprawiedliwości w posłudze sędziego kościelnego
Authors: Kantor Robert
Published: September 2014

Zadaniem sędziego jest troska o sprawiedliwość i pokój we wspólnocie Ludu Bożego. Sprawiedliwość to cnota, której sędzia powinien wymagać także od siebie. Dlatego powinien on permanentnie udoskonalać w sobie zasady etyczne, rozwijać kulturę osobistą i to wszystko, co ma wpływ na realizowanie przez niego zasady sprawiedliwości. Artykuł Zasada sprawiedliwości w posłudze sędziego kościelnego składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej w sposób ogólny jest omówione samo pojęcie sprawiedliwości. W drugiej są przedstawione wypowiedzi Jana Pawła II i Benedykta XVI na temat sprawiedliwości w sądach kościelnych. W trzeciej części jest zaprezentowane zagadnienie sprawiedliwości jako istotnego przymiotu sędziego kościelnego.
Konflikt pokoleń na tle komunikacji w rodzinie
Authors: Kądziołka Władysław
Published: September 2014

Autor artykułu próbuje pokazać podstawową rolę komunikacji interpersonalnej w rodzinie, zarówno w budowaniu więzi rodzinnych, jak i w przezwyciężaniu potencjalnych konfliktów. Autor uważa, że podstawowymi zasadami funkcjonowania każdej rodziny powinny być zgoda, miłość, odpowiedzialność, serdeczność i życzliwość, a w razie konfliktów bliska powinna być postawa skruchy i przebaczenia.
Spotkanie w elektronicznym tłumie
Authors: Zwoliński Andrzej
Published: September 2014

Artykuł dotyczy kwestii charakteru relacji międzyludzkich zachodzących w świecie internetu, czyli w elektronicznym tłumie. Autor opisuje zjawisko lawinowego przyrostu danych. Zestawia elektorniczny tłum z samotnością użytkownika sieci. Zawarte w tekście rozważania dotyczą jakości oraz specyfiki kontaktów zapośredniczonych przez media elektroniczne.
Infoetyka w praktyce. Przegląd argumentacji prasy wokół tematyki in vitro
Authors: Raś Dariusz
Published: September 2014

W ciągu ostatnich lat polska prasa poświęciła sporo miejsca zagadnieniu in vitro, ukazując przy tym stan świadomości publiczności i wzmacniając spór światopoglądowy w polskiej opinii publicznej. Ograniczając się do analizy kilku ostatnich lat, przeglądając zawartość tylko wybranych ze względu na wyrazistość przekazu artykułów, trzeba stwierdzić, że sama temperatura debaty skłania do analizy argumentacji. Debacie autorytetów, publicystów i dziennikarzy towarzyszy opis aktualnego stanu polskiej opinii publicznej w kwestii sztucznego zapłodnienia. W kształtowaniu opinii społecznej gazety świeckie zdają się coraz częściej porzucać etyczny argument dotyczący godności ludzkiej osoby i ochrony embrionów. W tym miejscu rodzi się pytanie: czy chrześcijańskie, bardzo ostrożne podejście do technologii biomedycznych musi przegrać w medialnych przekazach z narzuconą przez wydawców laickich poprawnością polityczną i zgodą na in vitro? Coraz więcej czytelników podziela dziś opinię o konieczności istnienia wysokich standardów etycznych w codziennej pracy dziennikarzy zwanych ogólnie przez papieża Benedykta XVI infoetyką. W przeciwnym razie społeczeństwu grozi niedoinformowanie. W takim wypadku nie unikniemy już w najbliższej przyszłości rozgoryczenia w spotkaniu ze skutkami medialnych błędów. Dyskusja o in vitro staje się w tej dziedzinie prawdziwym sprawdzianem rzetelności dziennikarskiej.
Ist Nächstenliebe möglich? Versuch einer philosophisch-theologischen Positionsbestimmung
Authors: Breitsameter Christof
Published: September 2014

The attempt of a modern interpretation of the concept of charity which is pivotal to Jewish-Christian ethics as well as the occidental culture can hardly succeed without a dialogue with those disciplines studying the secular version of it, namely altruism. The different approaches all converge in the question: Why do humans act altruistically? The present article tries to gather the most important answers and to portray the controversial debate on the explanation and evaluation of altruistic behavior in a way that underlines the interdisciplinary connectivity of an essential concept in theology.
Aktualne zaangażowanie misyjne diecezji tarnowskiej w kontekście 225-lecia jej istnienia. Kościół, który jest w Tarnowie – posłania misjonarzy i ich konsekwencje
Authors: Czermak Krzysztof
Published: September 2014

In the above presentation the Diocese of Tarnow has shown its commitment to the missionary work at the time of celebrating its 225 jubilee. It covers the last 38 years because during that time the bishops of Tarnow have regularly sent forth the missionaries to different countries. This commitment by reading the spirit and intentions of Vatican II, had been started by archbishop George Ablewicz and then continued by successive bishops of Tarnow: namely by bishop Joseph Życiński and the bishop Victor Skworc. So far they have sent forth 118 priests to three different continents. This act harmonizes with the fourth Synod of the Diocese of Tarnow which took place in 1986. Its main motto was “Ad imaginem Ecclesiae universalis”. This life of the particular Church which in Tarnow is following the example of the universal Church is mainly expressed by sending forth the missionaries and then in cooperation with them. Their work is a huge contribution to the evangelization of the few countries in Africa, South America and more recently Kazakhstan in Asia. Upon this commitment has been placed a seal of the martyrdom of one of the sons of the Diocese of Tarnow – namely the priest John Czuba, the fideidonist, who was killed in the Republic of Congo in 1998. The missionary cooperation of the Diocese is both spiritual and material. It is done thanks to the Diocesan Missionary Work. It is expressed in constant prayer for the missionaries undertaken especially by the rosary groups, but also by maintaining the missionaries, purchase of the means of transport for them or making investments, among which are: hospitals, schools, kindergartens or home for the street children. They are used by children and adults and the priest of Church of Tarnow tend them. At present in the Diocesan Missionary Work there are 46 missionaries from Tarnow region. They work in different parts of the world: 14 of them stay in Africa, 27 work in South America and 5 in Kazakhstan. This represents approximately 15 per cent of all fideidonists in Poland. To this number we may add the secular missionaries who work in the following countries: Cameroon – there is one missionary, the Central African Republic – there are two missionaries and two other volunteers in this very country.
Józefa Życińskiego koncepcja ewolucyjnego emergentyzmu
Authors: Pabjan Tadeusz
Published: September 2014

Emergetism is a theory which explains the mechanism of evolutionary development of nature by stipulating that in complex natural systems on the higher levels of complexity there appear some functions and properties that can not be reduced to and accounted for by functions and properties of the lower levels of complexity. It is therefore the theory of emergence – which stands for some special way the complex systems arise (emerge) from a multiplicity of their relatively simply components. The idea of evolutionary emergentism appears in the philosophical writings of Joseph Życiński in the context of a discussion on the possibility of creating a interpretation of evolutionary processes in which biological theory of evolution could be combined in a coherent way with a theological doctrine about God, the creator of the universe. This paper presents the main ideas and opinions Życiński formulated about this theory; the first part of it contains some basic characterization of emergetnism, the second one compares the notions of emergence and of supervenience; the third one concerns some theological interpretation of this two notions.
Przygotowanie do kapłaństwa w pierwszych wiekach chrześcijaństwa
Authors: Jurkiewicz Jerzy
Published: September 2014

The first teacher was Jesus Christ. He prepared the apostles to preach the Gospel. Then prepare for the priesthood, took various forms. In the first centuries of Christianity, it was important ascetical and spiritual preparation for the priesthood. Appropriate knowledge and holy life – it was a program to prepare for the priesthood. Created a community where young people prepare for the priesthood.
I Liceum Ogólnokształcące a Seminarium Duchowne w Tarnowie
Authors: Banach Ryszard
Published: September 2014

The article, after the general introduction on general education and its relationship to the Church in post-war Poland, discusses the connections between the diocesan seminary in Tarnow, the Gimnazjum, and later First Liceum in Tarnow. These relationships were in fact particular. In 1837 was established the Institute of Philosophy, which was placed in a newly constructed building of the Seminary. In 1849 the Institute of Philosophy combined with the Gimnazjum as the two highest classes, which were still housed in the Seminary buildings. It is only after the construction of a new building for the Gimnazjum in the immediate vicinity of the Seminary, and partly on its territory, that Gimnazjum pupils not longer occupy space in the building of the Seminary. Once created the so called Minor Seminary (1901), his pupils were students of that Gimnazjum and after their graduation became the Seminary alumni. After World War II (1950) Communist authorities removed the alumni of the Minor Seminary from the Gimnazjum and Liceum, but the immediate vicinity of these institutions meant that a large percentage of Gimnazjum pupils were reported to enroll in the Seminary. The number of Gimnazjum graduates who chose the priesthood is impressive.
Parafia katolicka w Ostródzie w XIX i pierwszej połowie XX wieku
Authors: Jodkowski Marek
Published: September 2014

The first Mass since the Reformation times was celebrated in Ostróda in 1834. From that time, the rector from Grabowo came to the said town twice a year with pastoral services. Considering the increasing number of worshippers, the authorities of the Bishopric of Culm decided to appoint a permanent priest in Ostróda; this function was assigned to Stephan Keller on 27th September 1853. On 31 May 1855, he founded a private Catholic school, which was given the status of a public school on 2nd October 1860. One of the greatest tasks which awaited the priest of Ostróda was the building of a temple. The project was prepared by Vinzenz Statz, an architect. The foundation stone of the new temple was laid on 28th August 1856. The consecration of the new church took place on 20th December 1857. In 1859, a plot of land was bought; it was meant to be a Catholic cemetery. A full-fledged Catholic parish was founded in Ostróda on 10th February 1860. Eight years later, a presbytery was built, with apartments for the rector and the organist. With regard to the increasing number of worshippers, the temple was extended in 1912-1913. In that time, the nave was elongated by two more spans. A chancel with annexes, pinnacles topping the gables and a tower were built. The project of the works was developed by an architect from Königsberg – Fritz Heitmann. The temple was consecrated on 1st June 1923 by the bishop of Warmia Augustyn Bludau to honour the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. From December 1922, the parish of Ostróda was connected to the Diocese of Warmia. In 1868, 1143 Catholics belonged to the said institution, in 1900 – 2 105, and in 1938 – 2 780. In the area of the parish, numerous organisations and associations were active, including the Saint Cecilia Association and the Fraternity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The 19th century construction of the church together with a parish house and a stable cost 13, 454 thalers, and the 19th century extension of the religious building – over 100,000 marks. The parish was financially supported by the Saint Boniface and Adalbert Association in Pelplin.
Jak interpretować normy kodeksowe? Prawo kanoniczne wyrazem jedności Kościoła
Authors: Rozkrut Tomasz
Published: September 2014

It is over a quarter of a century since the promulgation of the postconciliar Code of the Canon Law. The past time is characterized by insignificant revisions of the Code legislation introduced both by John Paul II as well as Benedict XVI. Daily life of the Church provides various information that canons of the Code of John Paul II are incessantly interpreted, mainly by judiciary of the Church as well as practice of the diocesan curias and parish offices; naturally it is necessary here to emphasize the considerable and dominant role in applying law by practice of the Roman Curia. Apart from this, it is essential to add the legislative action of particular diocesan bishops and conferences of bishops, among which the Italian Bishops’ Conference must be predominantly highlighted. Particular legislation issued by postconciliar particular and diocesan synods cannot be omitted; undoubtedly widely understood postconciliar monastic law also remains a specific collection of the canon law. The article discusses the aspect of an eventual possibility of changing the retirement age of the parish priest by a legislator, mainly by pointing out how to interpret the canons of the binding Code properly. This aspect is examined not unilaterally but in relation to two issues, i.e. regarding canonical marriage process and abovementioned matter concerning the eventual possibility of changing the retirement age of the parish priest. This is a short scientific reflection on the subject of interpretation of the norms of the Code, without critical reference to particular judicial as well as administrative and legal practice.
Rola naukowca we współczesnym społeczeństwie w świetle dokumentów Kościoła
Authors: Jeż Andrzej
Published: September 2014

Tekst wykładu wygłoszonego podczas zebrania Tarnowskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego (Tarnów, 24 kwietnia 2013 roku).
Wiara w stworzenie a teoria ewolucji: konflikt czy symbioza? Debata "Schülerkreis" Josepha Ratzingera nad relacją stworzenie-ewolucja
Authors: Twardowski Mirosław
Published: September 2014

In September 2006 in Castel Gandolfo, at a symposium organized by Pope Benedict XVI, there was certain debate around the topic of creation – evolution. The Pope invited his former students and seminarians – the so-called “Schülerkreis”, with whom, as Cardinal, he held regular meetings, to participate. The debate in Castel Gandolfo involved, among others: Cardinal Christoph Schönborn (Archbishop of Vienna), Robert Spaemann (professor of philosophy) and Paul Erbrich (Jesuit priest, professor of physics). Also Peter Schuster, professor of chemistry, president of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, not associated with the “Schülerkreis” circles, was invited to join the discussion. In this article, the views of the above-mentioned participants in the debate in Castel Gandolfo are briefly presented. The response of selected authors to the views on the issues of concern as presented by the representatives of the “Schülerkreis” group, where, in particular, the Austrian cardinal’s speech aroused the most controversy.
Analogia w służbie realizmu metafizyki i antropologii
Authors: Krzanowski Jerzy
Published: September 2014

1. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiliśmy analizę metafizyczną analogii, ukazując ją jako nieodzowny warunek realizmu bytowego i poznawczego.2. Analogią posługujemy się na co dzień i to zarówno w filozofii, jak i w zwykłym życiu, wyrażaniu się, opisie rzeczywistości itd.3. Analogia to najkrócej mówiąc „podobieństwo w niepodobieństwie”.4. Analogia występuje w aspekcie bytowym, poznawczym i językowym (orzekanie), zapewniając im realizm. Podstawowym aspektem jest aspekt bytowy.5. Analogia metaforyczna (metafora, parabola etc.) może też występować w funkcji pozarealistycznej, w poezji lub w języku mistyki. Wówczas bardziej jest związana ze sferą subiektywną i przeżywaniową człowieka.6. Analogia występuje przede wszystkim jako sposób poznania, który ujawnia nam pluralizm bytowy świata. To poznanie jest odzwierciedleniem analogicznego bytu i to w aspekcie jego konstytutywnych złożeń i relacji tak wewnątrzbytowych (części integrujące, istota i istnienie, substancja i przypadłość, materia i forma, akt i możność etc.), jak i międzybytowych.7. Analogia poznania realizuje się jako: analogia metaforyczna, atrybucji, proporcjonalności ogólnej i transcendentalnej.8. W orzekaniu mamy do czynienia z analogią orzeczników i samego orzekania.9. Rozwinięciem analogii orzekania jest analogia wnioskowania.
Represje gestapo wobec alumnów seminarium w Błoniu k. Tarnowa. Ze wspomnień ks. prałata Adama Kaźmierczyka - świadka początków męczeńskiej drogi bł. ks. Romana Sitki
Authors: Gurba Stanisław
Published: September 2014

Father Adam Kaźmierczyk (1920-2004), as a student of the first year of the Seminary in Tarnów, was one of the people arrested on April 22, 1941 by the Nazis in Błonie near Tarnów. He was thus an eyewitness to the beginning of martyrdom of the rector, Fr. Roman Sitko – now blessed. This article has cited the memories of Fr. Adam concerning his seminary formation, which was interrupted for 100 days due to his arrest and imprisonment in Tarnów. These facts may partly be revealed in the previously published interviews of Fr. Kaźmierczyk, or known for a certain group of people from his oral tradition. Some events can be aligned with the memories of the witnesses of Fr. Roman Sitko’s arrest, available in the publications devoted to the Blessed Father. Any such information is valuable and sheds light on the issue of repression against the Church in Tarnów by the Nazis during World War II and the heroic attitude of the priests at the time. This article contains excerpts of the archival manuscript by Fr. Adam Kaźmierczyk, confirms the already known facts and is a new voice in the matter.
Herdabilidade e correlações quanto a peso, perímetro escrotal e escores visuais à desmama, em bovinos Canchim
Authors: Barichello Fabiana , Alencar Maurício Mello de , Torres Júnior Roberto Augusto de Almeida , Silva Luiz Otávio Campos da
Published: September 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer o modelo mais adequado para avaliação genética de bovinos Canchim e estimar os parâmetros genéticos de características produtivas à desmama. Foram utilizados dados de: 12.103 animais, quanto ao peso (PD); 5.278, quanto ao perímetro escrotal (PE); 8.343, quanto ao escore visual da conformação frigorífica (CF); 9.111, quanto ao escore de umbigo (UM); e 7.986, quanto ao escore de pelame (PEL). Os modelos estatísticos incluíram os efeitos fixos e os efeitos aleatórios genéticos aditivos direto, materno e de ambiente permanente materno, em diferentes combinações. As análises foram feitas pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivadas. O modelo completo foi o mais adequado para PD, PE, CF e UM, enquanto o modelo com uso apenas dos efeitos genéticos aditivos direto e materno foi o mais adequado para PEL. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta foram 0,17, 0,13, 0,20, 0,18, e 0,52 para PD, PE, CF, UM e PEL, respectivamente, o que indica a possibilidade de se obter progresso genético por meio da seleção para essas características, principalmente para PEL. As correlações genéticas aditivas diretas entre as características variaram de -0,16 a 0,61. As correlações entre PD e PE e entre PD e CF indicam que a seleção para PD deve proporcionar ganho genético em PE e CF
Improving Drilling-Operations Efficiency on an Ultranarrow-Margin High-Pressure/High-Temperature Managed-Pressure-Drilling Well With Use of a Mud Cap
Authors: Oyovwevotu Joy , Low Eric , Nas Steve
Published: September 2014

As the industry pushes the boundary of technology to drill narrow-margin wells, combining safe drilling practices with drilling efficiency is becoming ever more challenging. The practice of drilling with managed-pressure drilling (MPD) by use of statically underbalanced mud weight (MW) is gaining increasing acceptance in high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) well construction. This paper describes the planning and execution of using mud-cap fluid in the drilling of an ultranarrow-margin (0.50-lbm/gal window at the planning stage) HPHT well from a jack-up rig.

Drilling equivalent circulating density with overbalanced MW at acceptable flow rate would have exceeded the formation-fracture gradient and resulted in a loss of well integrity. To avoid this outcome, the HP/HT section of the well was drilled with statically underbalanced MW. Displacing well to kill-weight fluid at acceptable flow rates before any trip out of hole was not viable. Planning focused on how to maximize operational efficiency with a cap fluid to trip in and out of hole without compromising openhole integrity and well safety.

In this paper, we discuss the design of the mud-cap fluid, selection of change over depth, risks associated with use of the cap fluid, determination of available window for mud-cap placement and removal, planning and execution of mud-cap placement and removal, challenges of running and displacing the cap fluid with a liner, and lessons learned from the repeated use of the technique throughout the well-construction phase, including coring and wireline logging under MPD conditions.

Significant operational efficiency was gained from the use of cap fluids, making it possible to drill a well that would otherwise have been near impossible to drill with minimum lost time.
Determining Equivalent Signal Lines by Weight Value Assignment for Logic Verification of Digital Circuits
Authors: Zhongliang Pan , Ling Chen , Yihui Chen
Published: September 2014

The VLSI technology has led to the increased complexity in hardward design, therefore the verification for the
correctness of circuit operations has become an exrtremely important task. The verification procedure can be reduced by
means of the equivalent signal lines in the circuits. In this paper, a new method is presented for determining the equivalent
signal lines, the method utilizes the weight value assignment of signal lines in circuits. First of all, the method makes use
of the topological information of circuits to perform forward weight value assignments, assign weight values to the signal
lines from the primary inputs to primary outputs. Afterwards, carry out the backward weight value assignment, assign
weight values to the signal lines from the primary outputs to primary inputs. Secondly, carry out the random pattern simulation
to further check the equivalence of signal lines. A lot of experimental results show that the verification of digital
circuits can be carried out effectively by using the method proposed in this paper, the time being needed for the verification
procedure can be cut down by utilizing the equivalent signal lines.
Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms in patients with late onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sohrabifar Nasim , Gharesouran Jalal , Talebi Mahnaz , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Mohaddes Ardebili
Published: September 2014

Evidences have been gathered from several studies suggest that a mechanism
involving an estrogen-signaling pathway may contribute to modulate risk for
Alzheimer?s disease. It was demonstrated that estrogen up-regulates the
expression of apolipoprotein E gene, which has a role in the metabolism of
b-amyloid that is related to the progress of Alzheimer?s disease.
Case-control studies have found an increased frequency of PvuII and XbaI
polymorphisms in affected subjects. In this study we explore the possible
association of different polymorphic forms of human a-estrogen receptor (ER-
a) with the risk to late onset Alzheimer?s disease in north-west Iranian
population. We conducted a case-control study in a dataset of 160 LOAD
patients and 163 healthy controls that have been matched in gender and age.
To evaluate the PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in Alzheimer?s disease we used
PCR/RFLP method and genotype frequencies were statistically determined. The
PCR products prepared from 21 AD cases and 20 healthy controls were randomly
purified by ethanol precipitation and bidirectionally sequenced. The
frequency of normal and mutated alleles for PvuII and XbaI locuses
respectively, in the LOAD group were significantly higher than those in the
control group (P<0.001, OR=0.51, 95 % CI 0.35-0.74 for XbaI locus; P<0.001,
OR=0.41, 95 % CI 0.3-0.57 for PvuII locus). This result suggests that ER?
XbaI and PvuII polymorphism is an additional risk factor for late-onset
Alzheimer?s disease.
Genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis for rice genotypes under Boro condition
Authors: Bose Lotan , Jambhulkar Nitiprasad , Pande Kanailal
Published: September 2014

Genotype (G)?Environment (E) interaction of nine rice genotypes possessing
cold tolerance at seedling stage tested over four environments was analyzed
to identify stable high yielding genotypes suitable for boro environments.
The genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three
replications. The genotype ? environment (G?E) interaction was studied using
different stability statistics viz. Additive Main effects and Multiplicative
Interaction (AMMI), AMMI stability value (ASV), rank-sum (RS) and yield
stability index (YSI). Combined analysis of variance shows that genotype,
environment and G?E interaction are highly significant. This indicates
possibility of selection of stable genotypes across the environments. The
results of AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction)
analysis indicated that the first two principal components (PC1-PC2) were
highly significant (P<0.05). The partitioning of TSS (total sum of squares)
exhibited that the genotype effect was a predominant source of variation
followed by G?E interaction and environment. The genotype effect was nine
times higher than that of the G?E interaction, suggesting the possible
existence of different environment groups. The first two interaction
principal component axes (IPCA) cumulatively explained 92 % of the total
interaction effects. The study revealed that genotypes GEN6 and GEN4 were
found to be stable based on all stability statistics. Grain yield (GY) is
positively and significantly correlated with rank-sum (RS) and yield
stability index (YSI). The above mentioned stability statistics could be
useful for identification of stable high yielding genotypes and facilitates
visual comparisons of high yielding genotype across the multi-environments.
Secular changes in cephalic index-a study of Serbian school children
Authors: Cvetkovic Milena , Najman Stevo , Nikolic Milos
Published: September 2014

Craniofacial anthropometry is used to determine similarities and differences
within a single population or between populations, as well as to determine
the secular trends. The aim of the study is to determine differences in the
cephalic index of school children from the city of Nis (southeastern Serbia)
in two periods-in 1983 and 2010. Subjects were aged 7-15. The first group of
subjects (from 1983) included 968 children of both genders, while the second
group of subjects (from 2010) included 1037 children, also of both genders.
The test was performed according to the instructions of the International
Biology Program (IBP). The head length and head breadth were measured, and
based on these parameters the cephalic index was determined. The results show
that during the time debrachycephalization appeared, because brachycephalic
was dominant with the children from 1983, while mesocephalic was dominant
with the second group (2010). Genderual dimorphism exists in both groups of
subjects.
Effect of Class III bone anchor treatment on airway
Authors: Nguyen Tung , De Clerck Hugo , Wilson Michael , Golden Brent
Published: September 2014

Objectives: 

To compare airway volumes and minimum cross-section area changes of Class III patients treated with bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) versus untreated Class III controls.

Materials and Methods: 

Twenty-eight consecutive skeletal Class III patients between the ages of 10 and 14 years (mean age, 11.9 years) were treated using Class III intermaxillary elastics and bilateral miniplates (two in the infra-zygomatic crests of the maxilla and two in the anterior mandible). The subjects had cone beam computed tomographs (CBCTs) taken before initial loading (T1) and 1 year out (T2). Twenty-eight untreated Class III patients (mean age, 12.4 years) had CBCTs taken and cephalograms generated. The airway volumes and minimum cross-sectional area measurements were performed using Dolphin Imaging 11.7 3D software. The superior border of the airway was defined by a plane that passes through the posterior nasal spine and basion, while the inferior border included the base of the epiglottis to the lower border of C3.

Results: 

From T1 to T2, airway volume from BAMP-treated subjects showed a statistically significant increase (1499.64 mm3). The area in the most constricted section of the airway (choke point) increased slightly (15.44 mm2). The airway volume of BAMP patients at T2 was 14136.61 mm3, compared with 14432.98 mm3 in untreated Class III subjects. Intraexaminer correlation coefficients values and 95% confidence interval values were all greater than .90, showing a high degree of reliability of the measurements.

Conclusion: 

BAMP treatment did not hinder the development of the oropharynx.
Soft tissue airway dimensions and craniocervical posture in subjects with different growth patterns
Authors: Ansar Juhi , Maheshwari Sandhya , Verma Sanjeev K. , Singh Raj Kumar , Agarwal Deepak K. , Bhattacharya Preeti
Published: September 2014

Objective: 

To compare the dimensions of the nasopharynx and oropharynx of subjects with different growth patterns and to determine whether any correlation exists with their craniocervical posture.

Materials and Methods: 

Cephalometric radiograph of 60 subjects (16–25 years old), taken in natural head position, were divided into three groups according to the mandibular plane angle: hypodivergent (SN/MP <26°), normodivergent (SN/MP 26°–38°), and hyperdivergent (SN/MP <38°). Correlations were calculated between nasopharyngeal area, oropharyngeal area, and craniocervical posture. Continuous variables were compared by one-way analysis of variance, and the significance of mean difference between the groups was done by the Tukey post hoc test. A value of P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: 

Patients in the hyperdivergent group were found to have significantly smaller nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal areas than the other groups (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively). Similarly, the oropharyngeal area in the normodivergent group was significantly smaller than that in the hypodivergent group (P < .05). However, no significant differences were found in the nasopharyngeal area between the hypodivergent and normodivergent groups and between the hyperdivergent and normodivergent groups (P > .05). Reduced pharyngeal airways were typically seen in patients with a large craniocervical angle and a large mandibular inclination.

Conclusions: 

Smaller nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airways were seen in connection with a large craniocervical and a large mandibular inclination. We therefore suggest that the vertical skeletal pattern may be one of the factors that contribute to nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal obstruction.
Maternal Mortality: Paradigm Shift in Nepal
Authors: Bhadari TR , Dangal G
Published: September 2014

Achieving Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 still remains a challenge to Nepal. It is necessary to collect reliable evidence on maternal health for tackling MDG 5 with limited resources. A continuous assessment of maternal mortality is required to assure the progress towards the MDG 5. This study aims to assess the results of the different studies on maternal mortality in Nepal.The results published in PubMed, Lancet, Medline, WHO and Google Scholar web pages from 1990 to 2012 have been utilized to prepare this paper. In spite of the low proportion of births attended by skilled persons and institutional delivery, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Nepal has declined drastically between the years 1990 and 2011, from 850 to 229 deaths per 100,000 live births. In recent years, Nepal is also reaching progress in different maternal health indicators such as mothers receiving antenatal care from skilled providers (60%- up from 24% in 1996). More than one-third births in the past five years have been assisted by skilled care providers. Nearly, 45% of women received postnatal care for their last birth in the first two days after delivery, 38% of women is aware of abortion which has been legalized since 2003.Though maternal health is a priority agenda of Nepal among the policy makers and the country is likely to achieve Millennium Development Goal 5 by the year 2015, there is still a wide gap between policies and charted targets, and the real accessibility and availability of the quality health services. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11132   Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 3-8