bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biblismo, lengua vernácula y traducción en Casiodoro de Reina y Cipriano de Valera
Authors: Monreal Pérez Juan Luis
Published: June 2021

Examination of the contribution of Casiodoro de Reina and Cipriano de V alera to the vemacular language must be made in the context of three cultural currents that shook the European Renaissance period and found equal expression in the Spain of that time: Erasmianism, Refomúsm and Biblicism. Moreover, the use of the vernacular Ianguage by these two authors needs to be viewed from a broad historical-linguist perspective which allows one to view both the influence they received from the previous traclition, through translations of the Bible into Spanish, as well as the use they made of the Spanish language. Their contributions to the Spanish language have been made through the two translations of the Bible they made, and which were accomplished with the ideas and criteria presented in their respective introductions to the text named Amonestadón y Exhortadón.
Spaanse vreemde woorden in het Nederlands periode 2000-2013. Aanvullingen op de Dikke Van Dale
Authors: Sánchez Romero Francisco
Published: June 2021

t Toe purpose of this research is to look into the recent influence of Spanish, both peninsular and from the centre and south of America, (approximately 400 million native speakers altogether) on Dutch (23 million). Spanish foreign words will be analyzed according to the European historical-cultural method, this is, they will be dealt with within a historical frame (in this case from the year 2000). By creating a corpus of Spanish foreign words, I will try to clarify which are the most influential semantic fields on Dutch nowadays. From this division into semantic fields, it will be possible to see what kind of vocabulary has been influential and which has been the degree of contact during the first thirteen years of 21st century.
La especificidad de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera en la carrera de Traducción
Authors: Schmidhofer Astrid
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this artide is to outline the bases of a specific methodology for the teaching of foreign languages within Translation degree programmes. As a starting point we will define specific learning goals and compare them wi.th those established for communicative language learning. We will then e,xamine up to which extent the communicative rnethodology is applicable and appropriate for the leaming context at hand. Based on the specific learning goals, we will outline a methodology that combines cornrnunicative elements, grammatical accuracy and contrastive teaching.
Early Modern Grand Tourer in Poland-Lithuania
Authors: Basista Jakub
Published: June 2021

Early Modern Grand Tourer in Poland-Lithuania. Fiction or Real Possibility?

In the last fifty or so years, Grand Tour has become a very popular and extensively researched phenomenon. Although mainstream researchers have analyzed various aspects of the Grand Tour, they have tended to adopt a narrow definition limited to the experiences of young English gentlemen undertaking a study tour of Italy and France. This article poses a somewhat provocative question: was the Grand Tour feasible as a study tour of an English gentleman visiting Poland- Lithuania? Based on contemporary travel writing, the author reveals the challenges and the difficult logistics of such an undertaking.
Biecz – Brody – Bila Cerkva: Trade Contacts against the Backdrop of Everyday Life in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Tureha Jurij
Published: June 2021

Biecz – Brody – Bila Cerkva: Trade Contacts against the Backdrop of Everyday Life in the Seventeenth Century

This study examines the report of the death of the Jewish merchant Rubin Josefowicz (9.02.1663). This study uses the report to fulfil three goals. First, it sheds light on Brody’s Jewish past. A copy of documents from the town of Biecz is for the moment the earliest complete source which describes in detail the trade activity of a Jew from Brody. Secondly, the report reveals additional evidence of the trade history within the borders of the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth. Finally, the investigation reveals aspects of merchants’ everyday life in the town of the Carpathian foothill region.
La teoría de redes en las investigaciones jurídicas: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Castañeda Guerrero Diana Alexandra
Published: June 2021

La investigación jurídica contemporánea se enfrenta al reto de incorporar metodologías utilizadas en otras ciencias sociales, es en ese escenario que aparece la Teoría de Redes como un instrumento que aporta herramientas en la acercarse a los objetos de estudio del derecho.  Existen tres aplicaciones que se ha dado al análisis de redes, las redes de normas, las redes jurisprudenciales y las redes textuales para analizar la estructura interna de una norma. En este artículo de revisión se presentan las tres perspectivas como una forma de acercar a otros investigadores al uso de las redes como forma de analizar el derecho.

La investigación jurídica contemporánea se enfrenta al reto de incorporar metodologías utilizadas en otras ciencias sociales, es en ese escenario que aparece la Teoría de Redes como un instrumento que aporta herramientas en la acercarse a los objetos de estudio del derecho.  Existen tres aplicaciones que se ha dado al análisis de redes, las redes de normas, las redes jurisprudenciales y las redes textuales para analizar la estructura interna de una norma. En este artículo de revisión se presentan las tres perspectivas como una forma de acercar a otros investigadores al uso de las redes como forma de analizar el derecho.
La música como elemento de reconstrucción del tejido social en el post conflicto armado, caso El salado, Colombia.
Authors: Muñoz López Carlos Andrés
Published: June 2021

Este artículo se interesó en hacer una contextualización breve sobre las circunstancias en las cuales se desarrollaron los hechos victimizantes ocurridos en el año 2000 en la población colombiana El Salado y los efectos que esto trajo consigo sobre su idiosincrasia respecto al arte, además estudió el concepto de reparación,  el marco jurídico y determinados pronunciamientos de judiciales, recurriendo a la investigación de carácter descriptivo y documental, basado en la recopilación y análisis de la información, para posteriormente reflexionar sobre el impacto de las actividades musicales llevadas a cabo por víctimas del conflicto armado en el caso mencionado, con la finalidad de exponer los efectos que ha traído consigo en el marco del postconflicto, como forma de reparación no pecuniaria.
El principio de confianza legítima en los procesos policivos por contravención a la integridad urbanística
Authors: Duque Giraldo Mateo , Vergel de la Rosa Mayra Alejandra
Published: June 2021

Esta investigación pretende analizar el principio de confianza legítima en los procesos policivos por contravención a la integridad urbanística; partiendo inicialmente desde una descripción de los conceptos y orígenes del principio de legalidad y el principio de confianza legítima, al igual que su desarrollo constitucional y legal. Adicionalmente, se abordará el estudio sobre el concepto de urbanización y el derecho urbanístico, iniciando con su evolución normativa en Colombia, para luego descender al análisis de la Ley 1801 de 2016. Para esto, se realizará el estudio de las sentencias que desde la puesta en marcha de la Corte Constitucional se han expedido sobre el principio de confianza legítima; así mismo se analizará la jurisprudencia enfocada en las sentencias de la Corte Constitucional tipo T, procediéndose a efectuar una revisión que permita identificar las características comunes en el acceso al principio de confianza legítima frente a casos de contravenciones urbanísticas.Para finalmente exponer una propuesta desde la Administración Pública para la flexibilización en el principio de legalidad dentro de los procesos policivos que se abren por contravenciones a la integridad urbanística.
Muslim women, uniforms and dentistry
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: June 2021

Julie Bissett considers the options for Muslim women in dentistry and how they can adhere to their religious guidance on dress in line with uniform policy
Vaccination volunteer
Authors: Greenley Mitch
Published: June 2021

Mitch Greenley discusses his experience helping with the vaccination programme
A global effort
Authors: Russell Marisa , Grimwood Heidi
Published: June 2021

Marisa Russell and Heidi Grimwood report on how Molar Mentoring Ltd is supporting Toowa Primary School and community
One and done? Outcomes from 3961 patients managed via a virtual fracture clinic pathway for paediatric fractures
Authors: Kennedy Jim , Blackburn Carol , Barrett Michael , O'Toole Patrick , Moore David
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to describe our experience with a virtual fracture management pathway in the setting of a paediatric trauma service.

Methods

All patients referred to the virtual fracture clinic service from the Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) were prospectively collected. Outcome data of interest (patients discharged, referred for urgent operative treatment, referred back to emergency department for further evaluation, referred for face-to-face clinical assessment and all patients who re-presented on an unplanned basis for further management of the index injury) were compiled and collated. Cost analysis was performed using established costing for a virtual fracture clinic within the Irish Healthcare System.

Results

There were a total of 3961 patients referred to the virtual fracture clinic from the PED. Of these, 70% (n = 2776) were discharged. In all, 26% (n = 1033) were referred to a face-to-face appointment. Of discharged patients, 7.5% (n = 207) required an unplanned face-to-face evaluation. A total of 0.1% (n = 3) subsequently required operative treatment relating to their index injury. Implementation of the virtual fracture clinic model generated calculated savings of €254 120.

Conclusion

This prospective evaluation has demonstrated that a virtual fracture clinic pathway for minor paediatric trauma is safe, effective and brings significant cost savings.

Level of Evidence

II
Unexpected Complications after Corrective Spinal Fusion Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity with Severe Hip Contracture
Authors: Yoshikawa Yasushi , Toura Mizuki , Kudo Yoshifumi , Okano Ichiro , Nishi Masanori , Toyone Tomoaki , Inagaki Katsunori
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In cases with markedly decreased hip function, patients predominantly utilize spine movement while standing up to compensate for the hip malfunction. However, spinal fusion surgeries might lead to the disruption of this compensatory mechanism, resulting in difficulties in walking and standing up as well as proximal junctional failure (PJF) due to the excessive stress on the spine caused by the pendulum-like motion needed for standing up. Hence, in patients with severe hip pathology, surgeons should be cautious about the indication for spinal fusion, which inevitably affects spinal mobility. This is the first report presenting a case that supports the aforementioned theory.
Case Report: In this study, we report the case of a 76-year-old Japanese woman who underwent corrective spinal fusion surgery for spinal scoliosis secondary to hip contracture. The patient exhibited post-operative complications, such as unexpected difficulty in walking and standing up and PJF. The patient underwent a revision spinal surgery with an extension of spinal fusion for PJF and muscle release around the hip for hip contracture which resulted in improved walking and standing movements with no reports of pain.
Conclusion: Spinal fusion surgeries performed on patients with severe hip pathology could cause early PJFs and unexpected decline in activities of daily living. Patients with such risks often do not complain of hip symptoms before spinal correction surgery. Surgeons should routinely evaluate hip joints and be cautious about the indication for spinal fusion which inevitably affects spinal mobility.
Keywords: Hip joint contracture, spinal correction surgery, proximal junctional failure, muscle release around the hip.
Combined Pyogenic and Tuberculous Osteomyelitis of the Clavicle: A Case Report
Authors: Jagiasi Jairam D , Upadhyaya Mohit R , Mehta Parth K
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the clavicle accounts for 1–3% of cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis. It presents with non-specific symptoms and may have superadded infections with pyogenic organisms, requiring a high degree of suspicion to adequately diagnose and initiate appropriate treatment.
Case Report: We describe a case of a 35-year-old male with osteolytic clavicular lesion and abscess in the supraclavicular fossa. Tissue diagnosis revealed tuberculous osteomyelitis with superadded infection with Staphylococcus aureus. He was managed with debridement and anti-tubercular therapy.
Conclusion: A high degree of suspicion is required to adequately test and diagnose the cause of osteomyelitis of the clavicle, in the absence of a predisposing event, as staphylococcal and tuberculous infection can present simultaneously.
Keywords: Clavicle, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis.
Non -Union of Lateral Hoffa Fracture - A Case Report
Authors: Supe Amit , Atal Shubham , Mahajan Neetin P , Kumar. G S Prasanna , Sadar Amey , Kondewar Pranay , Kondewar Pranay
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Hoffa is a coronal fracture of the femoral condyle. It is an uncommon injury easily missed on X-rays, which later presents as a non-union. Computed tomography (CT) scan knee helps in diagnosing undisplaced fractures and planning the management.
Case Report: A 24-year-old male patient presented to us with complaints of pain, decreased range of knee movements, difficulty in walking and clicking sound at the left knee for 9 years. The patient had a history of trauma 9 years back. X-ray of the left knee showed the non-union of left lateral Hoffa fracture, which was managed with open reduction and internal fixation with CC screws using the lateral para patellar approach. At present 1.5 years follow-up, the patient is comfortable with no pain and having a complete knee range of motion.
Conclusion: Although Hoffa fracture is rare, clinical suspicion, along with radiological investigations, is essential to diagnose Hoffa fracture. A missed diagnosis can lead to malunion or non-union, which predisposes to knee arthritis. Timely and proper management of Hoffa non-union with open reduction, stable internal fixation and early knee mobilization help in getting a better outcome.
Keywords: Lateral Hoffa fracture, non-union, internal fixation, functional outcome.
Surgical Management of Chronic Tendoachilles Tear in Elderly Patients – A Case Series
Authors: Mahajan Neetin P , Kondewar Pranay , Kumar G S Prasanna , Marfatia Ankit
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Chronic tendoachilles (TA) tears are commonly missed injuries in elderly population with associated comorbidities and they usually occur as low-energy injuries. Appropriate surgical management helps in getting a better functional outcome in elderly patients.
Case Series: We present a series of three cases of chronic TA tear in elderly patients managed surgically. Two patients had an insertional tear and they were managed with flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer and fixed with interference screw in the calcaneum. Another patient was managed with end-to-end suturing using fiber wire. All the patients are having good functional outcome without any wound complication or re rupture.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis, meticulous repair, and handling of soft tissues and TA tear help in getting a better outcome in elderly patients. The final functional outcome depends on intraoperative stability of the repair, ankle physiotherapy, and wisely selection of the treatment method, which mainly depends on the location of the tear. Reconstruction with FHL tendon using interference screw in calcaneum helps to repair the insertional tears in elderly patients.
Keywords: Tendoachilles tear, flexor hallucis longus graft, steroid, elderly patients.
Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis of the Knee Joint Requiring Synovectomy and Arthrotomy
Authors: Ahmad Farhan , Patel Kavina , Leon Jorge Clint De , Buttacavoli Frank A
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and South America. While uncommon, inhalation of spores or direct cutaneous contact can lead to disseminated infection in the immunocompetent, with the involvement of the musculoskeletal and integumentary systems.
Case Report: A 49-year-old patient with a history of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis presented with the right knee pain and multiple symptomatic abscesses beneath the suprapatellar and infrapatellar fat pads. Arthrocentesis and culture confirmed the infection, and open synovectomy, arthrotomy, and drainage of the infection were performed without complication.
Conclusion: Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is an uncommon fungal infection that may involve joints and become refractory to pharmacotherapy. Management may require surgical intervention, along with infectious disease consultation and close follow-up. Patients from endemic regions should be evaluated with a comprehensive history of this disease.
Keywords: Coccidioidomycosis, knee, septic arthritis, arthrotomy, synovectomy, orthopedic surgery, fungal infection.
Total Hip Replacement and Distal Femur Shaft Non-union in a Case of Below-knee Amputation – A Case Report
Authors: Pawar Eknath , Gavhale Sandeep , Kambli Mrinal , Yadav Amit , Bansal Sagar , Mishra Shaswat
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Primary total hip replacement (THR) surgery for the neck of femur (NOF) fracture in a case of below-knee amputation with distal femur shaft non-union is rare.
Case Report: This case describes the traumatic right NOF fracture in a 49-year-old male patient with distal femur shaft non-union. The patient has a history of ipsilateral below the knee amputation along with right distal femur shaft fracture managed with retrograde femur nailing 10 months back following a road traffic accident. The NOF fracture was managed by primary THR as the definitive procedure after distal femur nail removal and distal femur plating with allograft for non-union.
Conclusion: Primary THR with distal femur plating and allogenic bone grafting in such cases provides satisfactory outcomes. It allows for early ambulation and rehabilitation of the patient.
Key words: Primary total hip replacement, Below-knee amputation, Distal femur non-union.
Ultra-flat optical frequency comb generation based on a polarization modulator and a Butterworth band-stop filter
Authors: Guo Yifeng , Liu Yu , Li Dan , Wu Shibao
Published: June 2021

A new, to the best of our knowledge, scheme for the generation of ultra-flat optical frequency combs (OFCs) is proposed, which mainly uses a polarization modulator (PolM) and a first-order Butterworth band-stop filter. The PolM is driven by a digital periodic square-wave signal, and the output of the PolM is an uneven OFC. The function of the Butterworth band-stop filter is to obtain flat and stable OFCs by changing its bandwidth. The comb spacing of the OFCs can be adjusted by changing the period of the square-wave signal. The theoretical model for the scheme is also established. The simulation results show that the generator constructed according to the proposed scheme can produce 64, 128, and 256 comb lines with 200 MHz comb spacing and with spectral flatness lower than 0.3 dB. The comb spacing can be further increased by using the square-wave signal at GHz rates, and the generated OFCs exhibit good frequency tunability.
All-sky camera system providing high temporal resolution annual time series of irradiance in the Arctic
Authors: Johnsen Geir , Zolich Artur , Grant Stephen , Bjørgum Rune , Cohen Jonathan H. , McKee David , Kopec Tomasz P. , Vogedes Daniel , Berge Jørgen
Published: June 2021

The ArcLight observatory provides hourly continuous time series of
light regime data (intensity, spectral composition, and photoperiod)
from the Arctic, Svalbard at 79° N. Until now, no complete annual time
series of biologically relevant light has been provided from the high
Arctic due to insufficient sensitivity of commercial light sensors
during the Polar Night. We describe a camera system providing all-sky
images and the corresponding integrated spectral irradiance
(

E

P
A
R

) in energy or quanta units,
throughout a complete annual cycle. We present hourly–diel–annual
dynamics from 2017 to 2020 of irradiance and its relation to weather
conditions, sun and moon trajectories.
Terahertz ultrasensitive dual-core photonic crystal fiber microfluidic sensor for detecting high-absorption analytes
Authors: Li Shanshan , Zhang Hao , Fan Fei , Chang Shengjiang
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we propose an ultrasensitive microfluidic refractive index sensor for detecting high-absorption analyte. The sensor is based on heterogeneous dual-core photonic crystal fiber structure and operates in the terahertz (THz) regime. ZeonexE48R is chosen as the background material. The dual-core structure is composed of the gradient porous core and the microfluidic channel. Simulation results show that before infiltrating a liquid analyte, a highly stable modal birefringence can be obtained around

2.0

×

1

0

−
2

from 0.5 to 2 THz, along with the effective material losses of less than 0.182/cm for both the

x

- and

y

-polarization modes. After infiltration, this device can be employed for accurate refractive index (RI) sensing owing to the cross point selective coupling effect between the two core modes. This sensor offers RI sensitivities of 78.095 THz/RIU and 110.931 THz/RIU within dynamic measurement ranges from 1.41 to 1.429 for

x

-polarization mode and from 1.435 to 1.449 for

y

-polarization mode, respectively, and the measurable refractive index range reaches 0.0327. Our research gives a unique insight into the sensing mechanism for detecting high-absorption analyte in the THz band, which has broad application prospects for high-accuracy dynamic sensing in the fields of chemistry, biomedicine, and real-time environmental monitoring.
High-sensitivity special open-cavity Mach–Zehnder structure for salinity measurement based on etched double-side hole fiber: publisher’s note
Authors: Lin Ziting , Lv Riqing , Zhao Yong , Zheng Hongkun , Wang Xixin
Published: June 2021

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett. 46, 2714 (2021).OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.428001
Gender differences in wage expectations
Authors: Fernandes Ana , Huber Martin , Vaccaro Giannina
Published: June 2021

Using an own survey on wage expectations among students at two Swiss institutions of higher education, we examine the wage expectations of our respondents along two main lines. First, we investigate the rationality of wage expectations by comparing average expected wages from our sample with those of similar graduates; further, we examine how our respondents revise their expectations when provided information about actual wages. Second, using causal mediation analysis, we test whether the consideration of a rich set of personal and professional controls, inclusive of preferences on family formation and number of children in addition to professional preferences, accounts for the difference in wage expectations across genders. Results suggest that both males and females overestimate their wages compared to actual ones and that males respond in an overconfident manner to information about realized wages. Personal mediators alone cannot explain the indirect effect of gender on wage expectations; however, when combined with professional mediators, this results in a quantitatively large reduction in the unexplained effect of gender on wage expectations. Nonetheless, a non-negligible and statistically significant direct (or unexplained) effect of gender on wage expectations remains in several, but not all specifications.
How individuals change language
Authors: Blythe Richard A. , Croft William
Published: June 2021

Languages emerge and change over time at the population level though interactions between individual speakers. It is, however, hard to directly observe how a single speaker’s linguistic innovation precipitates a population-wide change in the language, and many theoretical proposals exist. We introduce a very general mathematical model that encompasses a wide variety of individual-level linguistic behaviours and provides statistical predictions for the population-level changes that result from them. This model allows us to compare the likelihood of empirically-attested changes in definite and indefinite articles in multiple languages under different assumptions on the way in which individuals learn and use language. We find that accounts of language change that appeal primarily to errors in childhood language acquisition are very weakly supported by the historical data, whereas those that allow speakers to change incrementally across the lifespan are more plausible, particularly when combined with social network effects.
Anti-clockwise: Building a critical mass against clock time
Authors: Schmid Helga , Walker Kevin
Published: June 2021

‘Uchronian Critical Mass’ exploits the historical opportunity the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting quarantines have opened up to question societal time systems, which can conflict with natural rhythms, leading to adverse effects on mental and physical health. We describe an experiment in which participants step outside societal time, choose their own time-giver and live by it for up to one week. As an experiment in artistic research grounded in science, we specifically enlisted fellow artists and asked them to document their experiment using any chosen means. The results included unexpected social and spiritual qualities, evidenced increased concentration and productivity, and drew attention to aspects of societal time generally taken for granted by introducing non-linear temporal elements. The experiment impacted each artist’s working practices and subsequent work. Collectively, the results show the potential of artistic practice to influence a broader questioning of societal time through multisensory means, highlighting the unique role artists hold as outsiders to lead the way in forming creative approaches to social and political issues.
‘How May I Serve You?’: Report on online working
Authors: Oliva José García
Published: June 2021

Hidden workers behind offshore outsourced online customer services are still suffering significant consequences inherited from colonial systems. The report is based on a review of 158 live-chat conversations between the online audience and two customer service agents based in Pakistan and outsourced by UK companies. This online chat platform was created and designed for the participatory art project ‘How May I Serve You’. Analysis of the conversations demonstrated how outsourced companies survey employees chats and physical behaviours, threaten pay cut or dismissal, and demand that the agents lie about their identity. Further research is needed to identify practical solutions to enhance employees’ working conditions when working in the online customer service industry.
La gestión de la comunicación de crisis en las organizaciones. Efectos de la entropía en el caso BBVA-Villarejo
Authors: Martínez Solana María Yolanda , Túñez-López José Miguel
Published: June 2021

El juez de la Audiencia Nacional Manuel García-Castellón imputó a la entidad financiera BBVA como persona jurídica en el denominado caso Villarejo, atribuyéndole presuntos delitos de cohecho, descubrimiento y revelación de secretos, entre otros. La Fiscalía coincide con los planteamientos hechos por el magistrado. La judicialización de la gestión realizada por los directivos del banco, encabezados por su expresidente, produjo un impacto en sectores políticos y económicos. La presente investigación aborda la génesis del caso, la participación de los actores y su reflejo en los medios de comunicación. Los conceptos de entropía y reputación se observan como predictores de desenlace.
Effect of dietary tannins on the performance, lymphoid organ weight, and amino acid ileal digestibility of broiler chickens: A meta-analysis
Authors: Hidayat Cecep , Irawan Agung , Jayanegara Anuraga , Sholikin Muhammad Miftakhus , Prihambodo Tri Rachmanto , Yanza Yulianri Rizki , Wina Elizabeth , Sadarman Sadarman , Krisnan Rantan , Isbandi Isbandi
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Tannins are functional secondary metabolites that may provide benefits to ruminants. However, to date, their effects on broiler chickens remain inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary tannin levels on the performance, body organs, and amino acid (AA) digestibility of broiler chickens using a meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods: After verification and evaluation, a total of 22 articles were included in the present study. All data regarding dietary tannin dosages, performance, digestibility, and gastrointestinal physiology of broiler chickens were tabulated into a database. The database data were then statistically analyzed using mixed models, with tannin dose as a fixed effect and study as a random effect.

Results: High levels of dietary tannins negatively affected the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broiler chickens according to linear patterns (p<0.001). In addition, dietary tannins decreased drumstick and liver weights, as well as bursa of Fabricius and spleen weight (p<0.05). Meanwhile, other carcass traits (i.e., thigh, wings, and body fat) were not influenced by dietary tannins. Regarding AA digestibility, high dietary tannin concentrations induced negative responses on isoleucine, leucine, and methionine digestibility (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Dietary tannins appear to have a negative effect on broiler performance, lymphoid organ weight, and AA ileal digestibility. Hence, the addition of tannins to broiler diets is not recommended.
Ser gestante durante a Pandemia da Covid-19: Revisão da Literatura / Being pregnant during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review
Authors: Vale Thaynara Duarte do , Caldas Nathylle Régia de Sousa , Fernandes Hingridy Ferreira , Silva Luiza Helena Soares e , Moura Thiago Nascimento , Machado Lucas Dias Soares
Published: June 2021

Resumo:  Este estudo objetivou identificar na literatura as influências entre a covid-19 e ser gestante durante a pandemia. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, onde utilizou-se os descritores de busca: Infeção por Coronavírus, Gravidez e Mulheres, mediados pelo operador Booleano AND. Com essa busca foram encontradas inicialmente 115 publicações. Foram lidos na íntegra doze estudos utilizados para a realização do presente estudo. As gestantes demonstram-se angustiadas, pois, sentem medo de que ocorra a transmissão vertical do vírus da COVID-19. Observou-se um domínio de sintomas depressivos e de estresse pós-traumático no pós-parto entre mulheres que vivenciaram o parto durante a pandemia. A justificativa para isso, seria a solidão e o silêncio ensurdecedor que domina os corredores das maternidades, em decorrência da proibição de visitas, a fim de controlar a disseminação do vírus da COVID-19.  O novo contexto de atenção à saúde, devido a implementação de novos protocolos e medidas de prevenção dos serviços de saúde para combater e prevenir a transmissão do vírus SARS-CoV-2, culminou em novas configurações e reajustes na assistência à saúde das gestantes, níveis adicionais de medo, preocupações e anseios.
Optimization and Distance Function Proce-dures in Aberration Criteria of Efficient Frac-tional Factorial Design
Authors: I.S. Salawu
Published: June 2021

An efficient orthogonal array was constructed with near balance and near the orthogonal property for the lowest common multiples of runs, using the balance coefficient criteria for determining near balance and J2 optimality criteria for orthogonal properties. The optimization and distance function forms of balance coefficient criteria were used for the classification of the designs. The Minimum Moment Aberration (MMA) and Minimum Aberration Projection (MAP) are compared using the optimization and distance function to determine the near balance criteria. The result indicated that, the MMA and MAP criteria was efficient using the optimization procedure of the balance coefficient.
Film Review
Authors: Kevkhishvili Tsitsi-Sopo
Published: June 2021

This film review analyses Dea Kulumbegashvili's film Beginning (2020). Focusing on cinematic techniques, sound and mise-en-scène, the review attempts to interpret the film and highlight the major ideas presented. Further, paying particular attention to the heroine, Yana, the review seeks to explore her complex character and unpack her motivations. 
Usages de jeux sérieux pour motiver les étudiants : initiatives d’enseignants et impulsions institutionnelles
Authors: Muratet Mathieu , Carron Thibaut , N'hari Iman , Hasenknopf Bernold , Grosjean Benoît , Sixdenier Lucas , Vuilleumier Rodolphe
Published: June 2021

Les attentes et méthodes de travail des étudiants évoluent au cours du temps. Les enseignants au contact de ces nouvelles générations peuvent souhaiter faire évoluer leurs pratiques, leurs méthodes pédagogiques et expérimenter de nouveaux outils. Nous montrons dans cet article que ces transformations des enseignements sont facilitées avec le soutien et l’appui d’initiatives institutionnelles. Nous présentons deux dispositifs mis en œuvre au sein de Sorbonne Université et structurés autour du thème des jeux sérieux afin d’augmenter la motivation de leurs utilisateurs. Le premier dispositif propose aux participants de jouer à un jeu sérieux alors que le second invite les participants à concevoir leur propre jeu sérieux. De ces expériences, nous illustrons le processus d’innovation pédagogique en œuvre au sein de Sorbonne Université.
Capital and the Ecology of Disease
Authors: Foster John Bellamy , Clark Brett , Holleman Hannah
Published: June 2021

The death of Salvador Allende in 1973 marked, simultaneously, not only the demise of one of the great socialist experiments, and the launching of neoliberalism; it also represented the loss in Allende of one of the great figures in social medicine. Nowhere has neoliberalism had more devastating effects than in the destruction of public health and social medicine initiatives throughout the world.
Epidemic Response
Authors: Dohrn Jennifer , Stein Eleanor
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is at its root a crisis of globalization, racial capitalism, colonialism, the social organization of our public health system. It is a crisis of treatment and care versus demonization and wall building. And it is the latest pandemic in a long line of modern ones—from SARS to swine flu to HIV to Ebola—a predictable and predicted outcome, not the mysterious unforeseeable lightning strike as it is often portrayed.
The Point Is to Change It
Authors: Tigar Michael E.
Published: June 2021

We who are engaged in the struggle for change might ask: "Through what lens of refraction is the evidence of events recalled and related?" If we are to resist the genocidal use of military force, and to oppose the environmental depredation that follows in its wake, we need to see the roots and laws of motion of colonialism and empire
VIOLENT CRIMES AND ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES IN YOUNG OFFENDERS AT BLITAR JUVENILE DETENTION CENTRE
Authors: Wilona Jessica Shirleen , Rahayu Yusti Probowati , Ayuni Ayuni
Published: June 2021

Violent crimes yield to fear and unsafe feelings have been also done by children. The General Strain theory explained that violence was occurred due to the criminal coping of individuals, who experienced the situation of pressures that yield into anger which might be developed into violent behaviour. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) is a form of pressure within the family that might contribute to criminal coping. This research was aimed at investigating the differences of ACE on violent crimes and non-violent crimes. Participants of this study were 58 out of 213 boy offenders aged 12-18 years old in the Juvenile Detention Center in Blitar. These participants were chosen by the accidental sampling method based on the type of cases, in which 28 boys were on violent crimes (robbery, child protection, murder, and beating), while 30 boys were on non-violent crimes (theft and drug abuses). The measurement used was the ACE scale, applied with some modifications. The reliability coefficient of the ACE scale was .843. Data were analysed using a non-parametric method, which was the Mann-Whitney U. The examination of mean rank and the effect size of this study showed that ACE was higher on violent crimes, even though this result was not supported by the hypothesis examination result, which was not significant (U = 3.47, p = .129). It could be concluded that ACE on the violent crimes group tended to be higher compared to the non-violent crimes group.
Geoelectric Method Application of Dipole-Dipole Configuration for Identification of Landslide Prone Areas in Poka Village, Ambon
Authors: Amukti Rian , Damayanti Cahya , Yamko Abdul Kadir , Lekalette Johanis Dominggus
Published: June 2021

Landslide disaster is one type of disaster that often occurs in Indonesia which causes many casualties and loss of property. Ambon City is an area with high potential for landslides. This is because Ambon City is an area with steep slopes and high rainfall, so a study is needed to overcome this as a disaster mitigation effort. This study aims to determine the area of landslide slip and direction of landslides as a basis for identifying landslide-prone areas using the dipole-dipole configuration geoelectric method. This research was conducted in Poka Village, Ambon City, Maluku Province. Geoelectric measurements using the AGI Ministing tool with data retrieval as much as 5 tracks. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the soil layer was dominated by clay and limestone. The reconstruction results show that the topography of the area is a slope with a slope of 45o-80o, and the slip plane has each path with a resistivity contrast of ± 25-60 Ωm at a depth of 5-15 meters, while the direction of the landslide is directed to the southeast.
Między przeszłością a teraźniejszością. Literackie portrety prześladowanych w perspektywie dydaktyki polonistycznej
Authors: Szumal Marianna
Published: June 2021

Autorka, opierając się na literaturoznawczych ustaleniach dotyczących konstrukcyjnych podobieństw postaci Żyda i uchodźcy w literaturze dziecięcej, prezentuje propozycję cyklu lekcji poświęconych powieściom: Arka Czasu Marcina Szczygielskiego oraz Kot Karima i obrazki Liliany Bardijewskiej. W artykule pokazano różnorodne ćwiczenia wspomagające pracę z tekstem literackim i angażujące uczniów do poszukiwania sensu utworów. Kontekstowe czytanie obu powieści ma pobudzić młodych czytelników do refleksji na temat pamięci, odpowiedzialności, powtarzalności wydarzeń i relacji z Innym.
Czwarte życie Irit Amiel
Authors: Patalas Agata
Published: June 2021

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Local companies underperform: a comparative study of industries in Pakistan
Authors: Kazi Afaq , Chandani Seema
Published: June 2021

The capacity of the organization to produce high-quality products at the lowest cost with the fast pace of delivery of goods and services has the potential to determine the survival, sustainability, and growth of organizations in emerging globalization and competition. The researcher has critically examined the impact of people's development, employee welfare, leadership effectiveness, and Human Resources operations effectiveness in the context of local, Multinational Companies, and public sector organizations operating in Pakistan. This research has also considered previous studies. The study results show that the sustainability and growth of organizations depend on how engaged and motivated employees the companies have to be to achieve organizational goals. MNCs invest in best talent acquisition and development, take care of employee welfare, and consistently improve the system thus sustain and grow. It was discovered that the local companies still could not shift from ownership to corporate culture and leading by "Seth" (entrepreneur mindset) lacking professional approaches. The local organizations are penny-wise, by compromising on capacity building of people, employee welfare, leadership development, and implying an efficient system. Unlike MNCs, 'Seth' companies operate with low capacity employees, disengaged workforce, ineffective leadership, and obsolete systems and suffer huge hidden productivity and efficiency losses that are never surfaced and monitored. The data of this research was generated based on information provided by HR heads of 15 MNCs, local and public sector companies. HR experts were interviewed in focused groups and through questionnaires.
Impact of electronic word of mouth to the purchase intention - the case of Instagram
Authors: Ho Vi Truc , Phan Nhan Trong , Le-Hoang Phuong Viet
Published: June 2021

This research aims to discover and confirm the factors of e-WOM that influence users' shopping intentions on Instagram. The data was collected from 700 customers who belong to Gen Y and Gen Z from 18 to 39 years old who live and work in Vietnam. The research model and the scales were built from the empirical research of e-WOM from Lim (2016); Park et al. (2007); Prendergast et al. (2010). Quantitative methods were performed by Cronbach's Alpha reliability testing, EFA discovery factor analysis, regression, and ANOVA test. The research results showed that the fourth factor of e-WOM positively impacts users' purchase intent on Instagram with decreasing levels as Information Provider's Expertise, the quantity of e-WOM, and the Source credibility of e-WOM, and the quality of e-WOM, respectively. Also, users' purchase intention on Instagram under the impact of e-WOM varies by gender, but there is no difference by age and income.
The determinants of variables for the success of business models oriented for sharing: the view of Brazilian consumers
Authors: Santos Bruno Roberto , Moraes Ana Beatriz de Mello , Machado Maria Augusta Soares , Nery Fabiana Madureira
Published: June 2021

The objective proposed by the present study is to identify the determining factors that make sharing-oriented business to succeed under the Brazilian consumers perspective. The findings bring useful information for companies who are interesting in starting up or to continuous in this type of business and help them to develop appropriated strategy taking advantage of the best opportunities in this new market scenario. The theoretical frame supported two analysis fronts: Factors that motivate consumers inside sharing economy and barriers that  bring difficulty to the transactions. As motivational factors, ideological and financial questions were tested. As barriers were studied questions such as legal, technological, social and marketing. The study was supported by a quantitative research conducted in order to test hypothesis about consumer behavior in this kind of business. Around 140 people has answered the survey. The results allow inferring that collaborative consumption, is not a Brazilian behavior yet, but it is a trend and questions involving financial benefits are the ones which most influence the consumers.
Integrability of the sub-Riemannian mean curvature at degenerate characteristic points in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Rossi Tommaso
Published: June 2021

We address the problem of integrability of the sub-Riemannian mean curvature of an embedded hypersurface around isolated characteristic points. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a concept of a mildly degenerate characteristic point for a smooth surface of the Heisenberg group, in a neighborhood of which the sub-Riemannian mean curvature is integrable (with respect to the perimeter measure induced by the Euclidean structure). As a consequence, we partially answer to a question posed by Danielli, Garofalo and Nhieu in
[D. Danielli, N. Garofalo and D. M. Nhieu,
Integrability of the sub-Riemannian mean curvature of surfaces in the Heisenberg group,
Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 140 2012, 3, 811–821],
proving that the mean curvature of a real-analytic surface with discrete characteristic set is locally integrable.
Four-dimensional complete gradient shrinking Ricci solitons
Authors: Cao Huai-Dong , Ribeiro Jr Ernani , Zhou Detang
Published: June 2021

In this article, we study four-dimensional complete gradient shrinking Ricci solitons. We prove that a four-dimensional complete gradient shrinking Ricci soliton satisfying a pointwise condition involving either the self-dual or anti-self-dual part of the Weyl tensor is either Einstein, or a finite quotient of either the Gaussian shrinking soliton

ℝ
4

{\mathbb{R}^{4}}

, or

𝕊
3

×
ℝ

{\mathbb{S}^{3}\times\mathbb{R}}

, or

𝕊
2

×

ℝ
2

.

{\mathbb{S}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}^{2}.}

In addition, we provide some curvature estimates for four-dimensional complete gradient Ricci solitons assuming that its scalar curvature is suitable bounded by the potential function.
Die Balkankriege, die Veränderung diplomatischer Normen und der Weg in den Weltkrieg
Authors: Mulligan William
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag untersucht die Bedeutung der Balkankriege (1912/13) in den internationalen Beziehungen am Vorabend des Weltkrieges. Die neuere Forschung tendiert dazu, die geopolitischen Konsequenzen hervorzuheben, weniger aber die Veränderungen der diplomatischen Normen. Dieser Artikel zeigt, wie sich der „Europa‟-Begriff im diplomatischen Diskurs veränderte. Diese Entwicklung begann 1908 mit der Annexion Bosniens und Herzegowinas durch die Habsburgermonarchie, die gegen das Prinzip verstieß, dass keine der europäischen Großmächte einseitige Vertragsveränderungen vornehmen durfte. Diese Modifikation der diplomatischen Normen und des „Europa“-Begriffes lässt sich an drei weiteren Beispielen während der Balkankriege nachvollziehen. (1) Obwohl die Großmächte eine Ausbreitung des Krieges verhinderten, büßte das europäische Konzert insgesamt an Vertrauen ein. Insbesondere betrachteten führende österreichisch-ungarische Politiker „Europa“, d. h. das Konzert der Großmächte, als Gegner und wandten sich von den Methoden des europäischen Konzerts ab. (2) Gleichzeitig wurde der „Europa“-Begriff im Zusammenhang mit dem Nationalitätsprinzip im öffentlichen und diplomatischen Diskurs benutzt. Dieser neue diplomatische „Europa‟-Begriff rechtfertigte die Errichtung von Nationalstaaten insbesondere im Balkanraum. (3) Obwohl diese Entwicklung eine Bedrohung für Österreich-Ungarn darstellte, griffen selbst habsburgische Staatsmänner und Diplomaten auf das Nationalitätsprinzip zurück, etwa um die Bildung eines albanischen Staates als Puffer gegen Serbien zu rechtfertigen. Die Tragweite der Veränderung des „Europa“-Begriffs war auch in der Julikrise zu spüren, die nicht nur aus machtpolitischen Gegensätzen entstand, sondern auch ein Ergebnis der veränderten Ordnungsvorstellungen von Europa darstellte.
Model texts in collaborative and individual writing among EFL children: noticing, incorporations, and draft quality
Authors: Lázaro-Ibarrola Amparo
Published: June 2021

When written corrective feedback is provided via model texts, language learners notice and incorporate features from the models into their subsequent writings. However, little is known about the accuracy of these incorporations or about the impact of model texts on draft quality. Also, model texts have often been implemented with children working in pairs but, to date, studies including individual and collaborative conditions are extremely scarce. This study examines the impact of model texts among 33 EFL children (aged 11–12) divided into a pair (N = 22) and an individual (N = 11) group. Our findings do not reveal any significant differences between pairs and individuals. The students in both conditions noticed features, mainly lexical. They incorporated around 50% of these features from the model texts into their final drafts, with an accuracy rate of 60%. Regarding draft quality, the second draft was significantly better than the first one when rated holistically.