Historical analysis of ideas of formation of civil responsibility of personality in the period of new time
Authors:   Krivoy Rog State Pedagogical University, Kiriukha Kateryna 
Published: December 2020

Citizenship and civic responsibility have played a significant role in the research of thinkers from ancient times to the present day. The formation of concepts is associated with the formation of states, changes in political regimes and the intensification of state-building processes, the creation of a democratic system and legislation. The period of New History is rich in historical events that influenced philosophical, legal, pedagogical thought. The content that world and Ukrainian thinkers saw in citizenship speaks of the importance of educating citizenship, civic responsibility, and the spread of civic education among the population. Progressive ideas of J.-Zh. Rousseau, S.-L. Montesquieu, D. Diderot, I. Kant, G. Skovoroda, M. Kostomarov, M. Drahomanov are still relevant today, should be the basis for the preservation, education and development of civic values of the nation. The article analyzes the evolution of the concept of "citizenship" in the works of philosophers of Ukraine and the world. The importance of education for a modern person is shown. Citizenship was an honorary status that strengthened a person's connection with a certain country, city, territory. Citizenship itself was a guarantee of human rights and freedoms. The analysis of the studied literature proves the growing interest of scientists in civil liability. Thus, in the modern educational space it is absolutely expedient to implement a cross-cutting content line that will help improve the legal culture of the population. The concept of the New Ukrainian School makes one of the priorities the formation of an active conscious citizen. We consider it expedient to develop civic responsibility of youth in the conditions of development of profile education. Vzayemovidnosyny mizh riznymy prosharkamy, rehulyuvannya mekhanizmiv upravlinnya derzhavoyu zadlya zadovolennya potreb suspilʹstva staye osnovnoyu metoyu i zmistom isnuvannya lyudyny Novoho chasu. Osobystistʹ zobovʺyazana (na dumku znachnoyi kilʹkosti myslyteliv) pryslukhatysya, a ne pokladatysya na Boha. Lyudyna – tse osobystistʹ, a znachytʹ vona – osoblyva lanka v zhytti derzhavy, yaka maye vnesty sviy neotsinennyy vklad v rozvytok nauky, mystetstva, osvity, formuvannya hromadyansʹkykh tsinnostey. Osobystistʹ zhe, rozvyvayuchysʹ, usvidomlyuye sebe hromadyanynom, chastynoyu derzhavy, vazhlyvym hvyntykom u mekhanizmi vzayemodiyi sotsiumu. Lyudyna pochynaye usvidomlyuvaty svoyu znachushchistʹ u sviti, shcho same vona zdatna dosyahty pevnykh zrushenʹ zarady vlasnoho dobrobutu, vlasnoyi rodyny i derzhavy. Ne slid zabuvaty takozh, shcho same v Novu dobu vidbuvayetʹsya formuvannya bilʹshosti yevropeysʹkykh derzhav y poshyrennya predstavnytsʹkykh orhaniv vlady – parlamentu. Tsi protsesy zbihayutʹsya v chasi z natsionalʹno-kulʹturnym vidrodzhennyam ta derzhavotvorchymy protsesamy na ukrayinsʹkykh zemlyakh. Vidpovidno mozhemo vidznachaty identyfikatsiyu sebe lyudynoyu, ne lyshe yak osobystosti, a yak hromadyanyna, shcho ne prosto mozhe, a povynen vtruchatysya u hromadsʹki y politychni protsesy. Z ohlyadu na vyshcheskazane, slid aktsentuvaty uvahu na neobkhidnosti podalʹshoho doslidzhennya evolyutsiyi ponyatʹ «hromadyanstvo» ta «hromadyansʹka vidpovidalʹnistʹ». Vbachayemo za neobkhidne formuvannya hromadyansʹkoyi vidpovidalʹnosti u starshoklasnykiv, realizatsiyi naskriznoyi zmistovnoyi liniyi «hromadyansʹka vidpovidalʹnistʹ» v osvitnʹomu protsesi yak neobkhidnoyi umovy stanovlennya demokratychnoyi natsiyi.