bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Hukum Penyelenggara Payment Gateway dan Konsumen dalam Sistem Pembayaran Elektronik
Authors: Rosul Chaidar Shofi
Published: July 2020

Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin maju telah menyentuh dunia bisnis keuangan sehingga transaksi pembayaran dapat dilakukan melalui internet. Payment gateway merupakan salah satu contoh teknologi yang muncul dalam sistem pembayaran elektronik. Payment gateway menawarkan kemudahan dalam melakukan transaksi elektronik antara lain kemnudahan akses internet untuk melakukan pembayaran dan adanya pengamanan data pribadi. Akan tetapi dalam penyelenggaraannya masih terdapat risiko-risiko yang mungkin dapat terjadi. Risiko-risiko tersebut dapat menyebabkan kerugian pada konsumen sebagai pengguna jasa sistem pembayaran menggunakan payment gateway. Dengan demikian perlu untuk menganalisis pihak yang bertanggung gugat dengan melihat hubungan hukum di antara para pihak pada penyelenggaraan jasa sistem pembayaran menggunakan payment gateway. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa hubungan hukum antara penyelenggara payment gateway dengan konsumen tidak lahir dari perjanjian karena tidak ada perjanjian di antara kedua pihak dan hanya timbul dari ketentuan undang-undang yang mengatur mengenai kewajiban penyelenggara jasa sistem pembayaran yang di dalamnya termasuk penyelenggara payment gateway.
Eksekusi Pidana Mati Pidana Mati Terhadap Narapidana yang Mengalami Sakit Kronis
Authors: Larasanti Rizka Fatrian
Published: July 2020

Eksekusi pidana mati seharusnya dilakukan sesuai dengan waktu yang telah ditentukan, dan tidak diperkenankan terhadap seorang narapidana yang berada dalam kondisi penundaan yang cukup lama. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan seorang narapidana mengalami bentuk penyiksaan psikologis (death row phenomenon) yang dapat berpengaruh pula pada kesehatan fisik narapidana hingga narapidana dapat mengalami sakit selama didalam LAPAS. Hak-hak narapidana seharunya juga harus dipenuhi oleh negara, seperti hak kesehatannya yang melekat dan telah dijamin oleh negara melalui Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 dan peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya. Menghadapi situasi narapidana yang mengalami sakit hingga divonis oleh Dokter mengalami sakit kronis, Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Nomor 2/Pnps/1964 tentang Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Pidana Mati yang Dijatuhkan Oleh Pengadilan Di Lingkungan Peradilan Umum dan Militer mengatur tentang penundaan eksekusi mati. Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini memiliki kajian terhadap pelaksanaan eksekusi pidana mati jika terpidana mengalami sakit kronis.
Model Penyelesaian Sengketa yang Menyeimbangkan Kepentingan Investor dan Negara Penerima
Authors: Winarno Zulfikar Dimas
Published: July 2020

Jumlah perjanjian investasi internasional (IIAs) telah bertambah dengan pesat sejak tahun 1960. Hingga saat ini, hampir seluruh negara di dunia telah menjadi anggota dari satu atau lebih perjanjian investasi internasional. Perjanjian investasi internasional pada umumnya memberikan dua macam perlindungan kepada investor, yaitu perlindungan substantif dan prosedural. Salah satu perlindungan prosedural yang diberikan oleh perjanjian investasi internasional adalah mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa antara investor dan negara penerima atau Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS). Mekanisme ini diterima dengan sangat baik oleh masyarakat internasional karena dinilai lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan mekanisme pada rezim Diplomatic Protection. Namun, pada perkembangannya, telah ditemukan beberapa kelemahan pada kemampuan mekanisme tersebut dalam memastikan keseimbangan para pihak yang mengakibatkan sejumlah negara mengundurkan diri dari keanggotaan perjanjian investasi internasional. Kelemahan ini antara lain, kurangnya konsistensi putusan, sifat putusan yang erroneous, permasalahan pada pemilihan arbiter, tingginya biaya yang harus dikeluarkan, serta kecenderungan negara untuk mengalami regulatory chill. Jurnal ini mengkaji kelemahan - kelemahan mekanisme ISDS tersebut dan memberikan rekomendasi mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang lebih memastikan keseimbangan kepentingan para pihak menurut Hukum Investasi Internasional.
Russia Beyond Indonesia: Image Transforming Effort Through Public Diplomacy
Authors: Purnama Chandra , Khoirunnisa Sasti , Dewi Anggia Utami , Yulianti Dina
Published: July 2020

Survei menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 40% citra Rusia di tengah publik Indonesia adalah citra negatif. Indonesia bahkan disebut sebagai negara dengan persepsi negatif tertinggi terhadap Rusia di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Artikel ini memaparkan upaya Rusia memperbaiki citranya di hadapan publik Indonesia melalui diplomasi publik dengan menggunakan media Russia Beyond. Penulis menggunakan konsep tiga dimensi diplomasi publik dari Mark Leonard sebagai alat analisis, yaitu news management, strategic communications, dan relationship building. Data yang digunakan dalam artikel ini didapatkan dari website dan media sosial Russia Beyond, wawancara dengan dua narasumber terkait, dan studi literatur. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa diplomasi publik yang dilakukan oleh Rusia telah menggunakan tiga dimensi diplomasi publik dengan cukup baik namun perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan mengenai dampak upaya ini bagi perbaikan citra Rusia di Indonesia.Kata-kata kunci: diplomasi publik Rusia, Indonesia, Rusia, Russia Beyond Indonesia Survey shows that around 40% of Russia’s image in the public of Indonesia is relatively negative. Indonesia is referred to as a country with the highest negative perception of Russia in the Southeast Asia region. This article describes Russia’s effort to improve its image towards the public of Indonesia through public diplomacy by using Russia Beyond (RBTH Indonesia) as a media. The authors apply Leonard, Stead, dan Smewing’s (2002) three dimensions of public diplomacy as the tool of analysis, namely news management, strategic communications, and relationship building. The data was obtained from website and social media of Russia Beyond Indonesia, interviews with two related sources, and literature studies. The author concludes that public diplomacy carried out by Russia has used three dimensions of public diplomacy quite well, but further research needs to be done on the impact of these efforts in the improvement of Russia images in Indonesia.Keywords: Indonesia, public diplomacy of Russia, Russia, Russia Beyond Indonesia
Isu Keagamaan pada Gangguan Psikotik Fokus pada Agama Islam
Authors: Nahdarina Rini , Karimah Azimatul
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang : Siswa sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) dapat didefinisikan sebagai seseorang yang berada pada tahap remaja awal yang sedang menjalani pendidikan di sekolah jenjang menengah pertama.  Sebagai  seorang remaja, siswa SMP dituntut untuk mampu mengatasi permasalahan, mandiri, berprestasi dan asertif. Untuk melakukan hal itu diperlukan self-esteem yang baik. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhiself esteem adalah keluarga karena merupakan lingkungan yang pertama dan terdekat yang dapat memengaruhiself-esteem siswa. Bagaimana keluarga dapat memengaruhiself-esteem siswa dapat dilihat dari bagaimana orangtua menerapkan pola asuh pada anaknya.Tujuan Penelitian : Menganalisis hubungan antara jenis pola asuh orangtua dengan   tingkat self-esteem pada siswa SMP Negeri 2 Bengalon Kabupaten Kutai Timur.Metode Penelitian : Penelitian  ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional yang bersifat cross sectional.  Rancangan ini dipilih untuk menganalisis hubungan antara  pola asuh orangtua dengan menggunakan Kuesioner Pola Asuh Anak (KPAA) Raden Irawati Ismail dengan tingkat self esteem yang menggunakan versi Indonesia dari Kuesioner Self Esteem Rosenberg  pada siswa SMP Negeri 2  Bengalon Kabupaten Kutai Timur.Hasil penelitian : Didapat 214 siswa yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Jenis pola asuh authoritative 194 (90,7%), permissive 9 (4,2%) dan authoritarian 11(5,1%). Adapun self-esteem pada siswa lebih banyak yang normal 186 (86,9%) daripada yang rendah 28 (13,1%). Dari analisis uji korelasi Spearman dan Chi square didapatkan nilai p > 0,05.Simpulan : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis pola asuh orangtua dan tingkat self-esteem pada siswa-siswa di  SMP negeri 2 Bengalon Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Hal ini menunjukkan ada banyak faktor lain yang memengaruhiself-esteem siswa, seperti kemampuan menyesuaikan diri; adanya dukungan (support) dari keluarga, guru, teman sekelas (classmates), dan rekan-rekan (peers); adanya konflik dalam  keluarga dan prestasi di sekolah.
Schizophrenia Patient’s Need Assessment
Authors: Tiandini Windy , Khairina Dr.
Published: July 2020

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness and cause dysfunction in the social, work and family environment. The main goal of the treatment of schizophrenia is recovery that is either physically or mentally completed from loss of symptoms, work function, independent life, and relationships that require the role of the patient and caregiver. Planning therapy for schizophrenic patients is not just medical approval or treatment, but the discussion of basic needs is very important in order to reduce dysfunction in schizophrenic patients and improve their quality of life. The Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) is an instrument developed to support several aspects of life and mental well-being and to provide an overview of the needs of schizophrenic patients.
Sleep Disorders in Late-Life Depression
Authors: Apriliani Katharina Merry , Soetjipto Dr.
Published: July 2020

Depression is an important mental health problem in developed societies, and as many as 50%-90% of patients with depression complain of sleep disorders. In the elderly, sleep disorders comorbid depressive disorders are getting worse. Late-life Depression (LLD) is often not detected because the symptoms are less specific than younger age. It even provides an independent risk factor impact on suicide ideas and behaviour. Causative risk factors of sleep disorders in Late-life Depression are biological and non-biological factors that form the basic of pharmacological and non- pharmacological management.
Développement de la relation mère-jeune chez les Ruminants
Authors: NOWAK R.
Published: July 2020

Chez les ruminants, le comportement maternel présente, immédiatement après la mise-bas, un certain nombre de traits communs comme la consommation des membranes et des liquides foetaux (les camélidés font exception), l’intérêt pour le nouveau-né et son léchage. Ces soins focalisent l’attention du nouveau-né vers le corps maternel et favorisent le succès des premières prises de colostrum. Après cette phase initiale qui dure quelques heures, les ruminants se subdivisent en deux groupes distincts : les espèces qui cachent leur nouveau-né pendant une durée variable (ex : cerf, chevreuil, caprins, bovins), et ceux dont le petit suit sa mère dès la naissance (ex : renne, ovins). La relation mère-jeune est, par ailleurs, caractérisée par une reconnaissance interindividuelle bien développée, base de la sélectivité maternelle : rapidement, la femelle n’accepte d’allaiter que son nouveau-né. La formation du lien mère-jeune s’effectue généralement sans problème. Toutefois, dans certaines conditions, le comportement maternel peut, par son absence ou sa sélectivité, devenir un facteur limitant la production.
Un outil de simulation du fonctionnement du troupeau ovin allaitant et de ses résultats économiques : une aide pour l’adaptation à des contextes nouveaux
Authors: BENOIT M.
Published: July 2020

L’élevage ovin allaitant est aujourd’hui confronté, entre autres, à trois nécessités : s’adapter aux filières en fournissant des agneaux à des périodes ciblées, prendre mieux en compte l’organisation du travail, répondre favorablement aux contrats d’entretien de l’espace. Ces préoccupations peuvent remettre en cause le fonctionnement des troupeaux.
Afin de pouvoir proposer facilement de nouveaux modes de conduite de la reproduction des troupeaux, cohérents, adaptés à ces objectifs et à ceux de demain, l’article présente un outil de simulation mis au point, initialement, pour les races rustiques du Massif Central dans des troupeaux fonctionnant avec une accélération du rythme de mise bas, celles-ci étant réparties sur 3 périodes. Il prend en compte, pour une situation équilibrée sur le long terme, les interactions entre les différents lots d’animaux à la base du fonctionnement du troupeau : brebis luttées, vides, accélérées, réformées et agnelles de renouvellement.
Cet outil intègre en outre une simulation économique aboutissant à la marge brute par brebis, associée à l’ensemble de ses critères d’analyse et à l’édition d’un calendrier de livraison des divers types d’agneaux. Une illustration est donnée par une application dans un contexte précis, présentant la démarche adoptée.
Alimentation et gestion des réserves corporelles de la truie : conséquences sur sa longévité
Authors: DOURMAD J.Y. , ÉTIENNE M. , NOBLET J.
Published: July 2020

Cet article fait partie du dossier : L’augmentation de la prolificité des truies : acquis, progrès envisageables et conséquences
Adaptations physiologiques et métaboliques au cours de la gestation chez la truie
Authors: ÉTIENNE M. , PÈRE M.C.
Published: July 2020

Cet article fait partie du dossier : L’augmentation de la prolificité des truies : acquis, progrès envisageables et conséquences
Facteurs de variation de la proportion de caséines dans les protéines du lait de vache
Authors: COULON J.B. , HURTAUD C. , RÉMOND B. , VÉRITÉ R.
Published: July 2020

L’objectif de cette étude a été de préciser et de hiérarchiser les différents facteurs de variation de la proportion entre les caséines et les protéines totales dans le lait de vache. Au total 29 essais, tous effectués dans les unités de l’INRA de Rennes ou de Theix et regroupant 821 lactations ont été utilisés. Pour 551 de ces lactations, les variants génétiques des lactoprotéines avaient été déterminés. Les autres lactations faisaient partie d’essais dans lesquels les animaux étaient leurs propres témoins. Le principal facteur de variation de ce rapport est le polymorphisme génétique de la beta-lactoglobuline : toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, les animaux de type BB présentent un rapport supérieur, de près de 3 points, à celui des vaches de type AA. Le variant B de la caséine kappa exerce aussi un effet favorable (+1,2 points à l’avantage des animaux BB). En dehors de la première semaine de lactation et des deux dernières semaines de gestation, le rapport caséines/protéines varie peu au cours de la lactation mais tend à diminuer légèrement en fin de lactation. Ce rapport est significativement diminué lorsque la numération cellulaire du lait dépasse 200 000 cellules/ml. Il diminue par ailleurs légèrement avec l’âge. Parmi les différents facteurs alimentaires étudiés (niveau et nature des apports énergétiques et azotés, mode de conservation et nature des fourrages), aucun n’a eu un effet significatif sur le rapport caséines/protéines du lait, sauf dans des conditions de sous-alimentation très prononcées. Ce rapport augmente très légèrement avec le niveau de production laitière des animaux et le taux protéique du lait. En pratique, la mesure du taux protéique du lait, chez des animaux indemnes de mammites reste donc un très bon indicateur du taux de caséines, dont il explique à lui seul 93 % des variations.
Modes de récolte des fourrages et systèmes d’élevage. L’exemple des exploitations de la zone Charolaise
Authors: LIÉNARD G. , BÉBIN D. , LHERM M. , VEYSSET P.
Published: July 2020

L’article présente les systèmes de récolte des fourrages d’un groupe d’éleveurs de bovins allaitants charolais du Centre France, dans lesquels l’utilisation de l’herbe est dominante. Huit combinaisons sont identifiées, du foin seul à l’association des quatre modes de récolte : foin, ensilage d’herbe classique ou enrubanné et ensilage de maïs. Une cohérence apparaît avec le choix du système d’élevage des bovins mâles et femelles et avec les niveaux d’intensification des surfaces fourragères et du troupeau, en tenant compte de la main d’oeuvre et de la surface disponible, mais aussi de la localisation de l’exploitation et de son environnement associatif. Le foin reste toujours présent, conforté par l’utilisation des presses à balles rondes. L’enrubannage, apparu en 1989, revêt une importance croissante et remplit plusieurs types de fonction selon qu’il est associé ou pas à l’ensilage d’herbe classique et/ou à l’ensilage de maïs. Il peut remplacer celui-ci dans certaines exploitations. De nouvelles techniques comme les presses à haute densité pour le foin se font jour, entraînant de nouvelles interrogations. Les éleveurs doivent en permanence arbitrer entre des innovations technologiques sans cesse renouvelées et leurs objectifs qui sont de plus en plus multiples.
DA SUCESSÃO LEGÍTIMA DO COMPANHEIRO APÓS A DECLARAÇÃO DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE DO ARTIGO 1.790 DO CÓDIGO CIVIL BRASILEIRO.
Authors: Matos dos Santos Jhonny , Araújo Silva Fábio , Pires da Costa Vanuza
Published: July 2020

A entidade familiar faz–se presente em nossa sociedade desde a antiguidade; e, tendo esta evoluído ao longo das décadas, o ordenamento jurídico buscou regular este convívio. Fato é que a união estável é recente, se comparada ao casamento. Em maio de 2017, o Supremo Tribunal Federal, em matéria de direito sucessório, entendeu ser inconstitucional o artigo 1790 do Código Civil de 2002, fixando tese de repercussão geral (temas 498 e 809), no sentido de ser aplicado ao companheiro quando da sucessão, o artigo 1829 da mesma lei infraconstitucional. Neste trabalho, pretende-se demonstrar os motivos que levaram o STF a este entendimento, demonstrar as consequências dessa equiparação entre companheiros e cônjuges; bem como analisar a maneira de interpretar este dispositivo em favor do companheiro pelos tribunais deste país a partir de então. Ao final, busca–se evidenciar pela pesquisa realizada, o quão importante fora essa decisão do Supremo para os conviventes em união estável e a segurança jurídica que esta interpretação possui para esta forma de entidade familiar. A elaboração deste artigo fora pautado na pesquisa teórica tendo em vista a ampla possibilidade de referencial teórico e embasamento jurídico acerca do tema proposto, sendo utilizado o método dedutivo e pesquisa qualitativa em sua elaboração.
(RE)DEFININDO A PROTEÇÃO JURÍDICA: UM CONFRONTO ENTRE LEGISLAÇÃO SIMBÓLICA E O PENSAMENTO DE KAREL VASAK
Authors: Maldonado Dias Norton
Published: July 2020

O estudo confrontou, pelo viés da metodologia dedutiva bibliográfica, duas diferentes propostas de formalização jurídica dos direitos, uma primeira vertente de pensamento concernente as ideias das geracões ou dimensões de direitos defendida por Karel Vasak, argumentando pela valoração e consideração da proteção jurídica como fator determinante no surgimento de direitos, em detrimento as ideias de Marcelo Neves na perspectiva da legislações simbólicas, confrontando real materialidade das legislações no processo de determinação dos direitos. Porém, ao final, não se declina por integral simbolização da legislação, mas uma efetividade que, em que pese não refutada, desdobra-se por um caráter excludente e redutor do aspecto da universalidade dos direitos fundamentais.
«…MILITARY LIBRARIES, BESIDES OFFICERS THEMSELVES, MUST SERVE THEIR FAMILIES AS WELL»
Authors: Panchenko A. M.
Published: July 2020

The book plays an important role in a human life, especially in childhood, shaping his intellectual and moral potential. Due to the lack of research on forming collections of literature for children in military libraries for officers, the author has appeared to be the first in domestic library science to consider these libraries’ catalogues of book collections for to reveal information about books for children. The purpose of this study is quantitative and qualitative analysis of publications for collections of literature for children in libraries for the Russian Army officer. Objectives of the study are: 1) to calculate absolute and relative indicators of availability of publications for children in the libraries for officers; 2) to determine reasons for the small number of departments for children; 3) to identify and analyze the legal basis for using collections of military libraries for officers by members of military personnel families.  The article uses source studying and comparative methods of research. The work bases on a wide representative source foundation – with the involvement of the main normative and legal documents, which clearly regulated the admission of family members of officers and officials, including children, to libraries at military assemblies, and catalogues of military officer libraries’ books for different years. According to this study results, children’s departments accounted for between 0.6 and 6.6% of officer libraries book collections.  The article details the repertoire of children’s departments (they contained works by both Russian and foreign authors). The reasons for the small number of children’s departments of officer libraries and the peculiarities of their recruitment with literature for children have been identified and analyzed. This study results have expanded the understanding of military officer libraries book collections and their role in the officers and their family members’ lives.
Galois and Class Field Theory for Quantum Chemists
Authors: Kikuchi Ichio
Published: July 2020

Quantum mechanics could be studied through polynomial algebra, as has been demonstrated by a work (“An approach to ﬁrst-principles electronic structure calculation by symbolic-numeric computation” by A. Kikuchi). We carry forward the algebraic method of quantum mechanics through algebraic number theory; the basic equations are represented by the multivariate polynomial ideals; the symbolic computations process the ideal and disentangle the eigenstates as the algebraic variety; upon which one canbuild the Galois extension of the number ﬁeld, in analogy with the univariate polynomial case, to investigate the hierarchy of solutions; the Galois extension is accompanied with the group operations, which permute the eigenstates from one to another, and furnish the quantum system with a non-apparent symmetry. Besides, this sort of algebraic quantum mechanics is an embodiment of the class ﬁeld theory; some of the important consequences of the latter emerge in quantum mechanics. We shall demonstrate these points through simple models; we will see the use of computational algebra facilitates such sort of analysis, which might often be complicated if we try to solve them manually.
Multi-scale Modeling and Study of Aerosol Growth on Amine-Based CO2 Capture Absorber
Authors: Kang Jia-Lin , Liu Kuan-Ting , Wong David Shan-Hill , Jang Shi-Shang , Tsai De-Hao
Published: July 2020

In this study, a monoethanolamine aerosol growth model was developed to investigate the aerosol growth factor. Interactions among the internal conditions in an absorber were considered in this aerosol model. Additionally, an experiment was conducted to measure aerosol particle size, for collecting in-house validation data. Sucrose was used as the aerosol nuclei instead of sulfuric acid to prevent the corrosion of equipment used in the experiment. Experimental results showed that the outlet aerosol sizes increased to the same size regardless of the sucrose concentrations. The aerosol growth model was validated using the in-house experimental data. The aerosol growth model efficiently predicted the aerosol size. For investigating aerosol growth effects, particle number concentration was determined to be the primary factor affecting aerosol growth and amine emissions. When the particle number concentration increased, the aerosol size decreased, whereas the MEA emission increased.
The Relationship between Type D Personality and the Stress Level of Life Events, Personality Traits and Anxiety Sensitivity in People with Breast Cancer
Authors: Pasha Atena , Bahrainian Seyed Abdolmajid , Farahani Hojjatollah
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and invasion of tissues. It seems that personality differences and psychological factors are important factors that lead to different reactions to cancer. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between type D, stress level of life events, personality traits, and anxiety sensitivity in people with breast cancer attending to Tehran Bu-ali Hospital. Methods: The study was a correlational study in which 100 cancer patients referred to Bu-ali Hospital in Tehran, selected by the available sampling method from April to June 2018. The tools used included the Denollet DS-14 Type D Questionnaire, the Paykel Life events Questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the ASI Anxiety Scale, Floyd et al., Data analysis in this study is taken place by using SPSS software, two descriptive levels (percentage, frequency, etc.) and regression. Results: The study results showed that there is a relationship between type D personality with stress of life events, neurosis, extraversion, and psychopath dimensions of personality and anxiety sensitivity in breast cancer patients. Conclusion: Psychological factors play a role in the incidence and exacerbation of breast cancer, and ultimately patients with personality type D and personality traits such as psychosis and high anxiety sensitivity and more stress of life events show more symptoms.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson’s Disease around Lakes in Northern New England, Northern Ohio, and Vancouver: Association with Glacial Sediments and Mineral Exposure
Authors: Reddy Kavitha
Published: July 2020

Scientists have observed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease clusters around certain lakes in the regions of northern New England and northern Ohio. A Parkinson’s disease cluster has also been observed in Vancouver. Cyanobacteria toxin exposure has been considered as a potential risk factor to explain this association. It is reported here that these regions have several commonalities in their environment, including a notable geologic history, the presence of abundant glacial sediments, and possible mineral and bentonite exposures. The possible association with and significance of these risk factors in ALS and Parkinson’s disease is discussed.
The Transgender Bathroom Problem: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Public Opinions from News Sites
Authors: Priyowicaksono Andi
Published: July 2020

This research seeks to investigate public reaction towards the ordinance that allowed transgender people to use bathroom in correspondence to their identified gender. The article explores the reaction through observing comments expressed by public in comment sections of news articles from Abcnews (abcnews.com), Usatoday (usatoday.com), and Washington Post (washingtonpost.com). Comments expressed by public in the comment section contain their own belief and ideology which often clashes with one another. The conflict resulted in the verbal interchange of ideas (discourse) that are expressed through agreements and arguments. Drawing on qualitative method, this paper critically analyzes these discourses appearing in the comment section. The commenters’ belief in the context of transgender bathroom ordinance is correlated with the work of Michel Foucault that put focus on the systematical relation between power and its subject(s). This paper argues that heteronormativity is the power driving the subjects in reacting to the case of transgender bathroom ordinance. 
The Dynamic Views of Kiais in Response to the Government Regulations for the Development of Pesantren
Authors: Yusuf Moh. Asror , Taufiq Ahmad
Published: July 2020

The study discusses the dynamics of kiais’ views in response to the government regulations to develop education in pesantren. It is a descriptive qualitative study on the kiais in Pondok Pesantren Lirboyo, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Using a theory of social construction of reality, it scrutinizes the regulations that the government issued and the ways the kiais are responding to them. The social construction of the kiais brings a dynamic action in developing the pesantren. Government regulations related to the education in pesantren, as a social reality, are not textually accepted. Rather, the kiais always seek to address these regulations creatively and dynamically as to integrate the education in pesantren with the old tradition and modernity, because of which the needs and development of society can be fulfilled. The knowledge of the kiais influences the actions in developing education in pesantren. Innovative and dynamic views of the kiais lead to the growth of pesantren in multiple dimensions.
Application of an Intraoperative Neuromonitoring System Using a Surface Pressure Sensor in Parotid Surgery: A Rabbit Model Study
Authors: Sung Eui-Suk , Kwon Hyun-Keun , Shin Sung-Chan , Cheon Young-Il , Lee Jung-Woo , Park Da-Hee , Choi Seong-Wook , Kim Hwa-Bin , Park Hye-Jin , Lee Jin-Choon , Ro Jung-Hoon , Lee Byung-Joo
Published: July 2020

Objectives. Facial nerve monitoring (FNM) can be used to identify the facial nerve, to obtain information regarding its course, and to evaluate its status during parotidectomy. However, there has been disagreement regarding the efficacy of FNM in reducing the incidence of facial nerve palsy during parotid surgery. Therefore, instead of using electromyography (EMG) to identify the location and state of the facial nerve, we applied an intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) system using a surface pressure sensor to detect facial muscle twitching. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using the IONM system with a surface pressure sensor to detect facial muscle twitching during parotidectomy.Methods. We evaluated the stimulus thresholds for the detection of muscle twitching in the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi, as well as the amplitude and latency of EMG and the surface pressure sensor in 13 facial nerves of seven rabbits, using the same stimulus intensity.Results. The surface pressure sensor detected muscle twitching in the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi in response to a stimulation of 0.1 mA in all 13 facial nerves. The stimulus threshold did not differ between the surface pressure sensor and EMG.Conclusion. The application of IONM using a surface pressure sensor during parotidectomy is noninvasive, reliable, and feasible. Therefore, the IONM system with a surface pressure sensor to measure facial muscle twitching may be an alternative to EMG for verifying the status of the facial nerve.
Cluster Analysis of Inhalant Allergens in South Korea: A Computational Model of Allergic Sensitization
Authors: Kim Dong-Kyu , Park Young-Sun , Cha Kyung-Joon , Jang Daeil , Ryu Seungho , Kim Kyung Rae , Kim Sang-Heon , Yoon Ho Joo , Cho Seok Hyun
Published: July 2020

Objectives. Sensitization to specific inhalant allergens is a major risk factor for the development of atopic diseases, which impose a major socioeconomic burden and significantly diminish quality of life. However, patterns of inhalant allergic sensitization have yet to be precisely described. Therefore, to enhance the understanding of aeroallergens, we performed a cluster analysis of inhalant allergic sensitization using a computational model.Methods. Skin prick data were collected from 7,504 individuals. A positive skin prick response was defined as an allergen-to-histamine wheal ratio ≥1. To identify the clustering of inhalant allergic sensitization, we performed computational analysis using the four-parameter unified-Richards model.Results. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped inhalant allergens into three clusters based on the Davies-Bouldin index (0.528): cluster 1 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae), cluster 2 (mugwort, cockroach, oak, birch, cat, and dog), and cluster 3 (Alternaria tenus, ragweed, Candida albicans, Kentucky grass, and meadow grass). Computational modeling revealed that each allergen cluster had a different trajectory over the lifespan. Cluster 1 showed a high level (>50%) of sensitization at an early age (before 19 years), followed by a sharp decrease in sensitization. Cluster 2 showed a moderate level (10%–20%) of sensitization before 29 years of age, followed by a steady decrease in sensitization. However, cluster 3 revealed a low level (<10%) of sensitization at all ages.Conclusion. Computational modeling suggests that allergic sensitization consists of three clusters with distinct patterns at different ages. The results of this study will be helpful to allergists in managing patients with atopic diseases.
A supremely vulnerable message: the case of vehicle adhesives and the traces of kafkaesque criminal justice in Brazil
Authors: Prado Daniel Nicory do , Santos Hermano de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

This paper has the purpose of discussing the Kafkaesque traces of Criminal Justice in Brazil. It does so based on the comparative analysis of an odd, atypical lawsuit (the case of vehicle adhesives). It also analyzes the short story "An Imperial Message", by Franz Kafka. The complete study is accomplished under the perspective of the transdisciplinary field of Law and Art.
Fabuloso direito: metáforas do poder em “O conto dos contos”
Authors: Vespaziani Alberto
Published: July 2020

A contribuição analisa a relação entre conto de fadas e discurso jurídico, entre direito e teatro. Como case study, concentra-se em “O conto dos contos”, de Giambattista Basile, texto clássico da tradição italiana, e no conto “Le tre corone”, em que se evidenciam conteúdos jurídicos e políticos. O ensaio sustenta a tese de que as fábulas são dispositivos narratológicos nos quais se condensam valores e arquétipos do inconsciente coletivo de determinadas comunidades, situadas no tempo e no espaço. Por esse motivo, elas são de grande interesse para a cultura literária do Direito.
Casing Rotating Cement Heads, a Custom Fit Solution to Improve Zonal Isolation Results in Colombia, a Field Proven Case
Authors: Vela Jose , Arias Henry , Sanchez Edwin
Published: July 2020

This technical work describes the path to implement full casing rotation during primary cementing jobs. Explain and share leading edge results from this innovative method, which has allowed performing highly difficult cement jobs with good quality results at the first attempt at country level.

In our current challenging drilling environment, a competent annular zonal isolation is required for long-term integrity. The well known worldwide cement practices has been key to obtain good results, among them, casing rotation has been widely applied to liners but not so commonly to full casing strings until now; custom fit rotating cements heads were implemented to improve current cement results. The pathway followed to implement this technology considered different activities in a time lapse of three years; starting by evaluating the operator's needs, until achieve a full technology massification in place supported on required results.

Rotating cement heads have been widely used in a variety of fields within Colombia. At Llanos basin, they have been used to improve bond results in front of very washed out sections near the casing shoe; at superior and mid valley basins, they have allowed obtaining good selectivity between productive zones in very long cement columns. In other areas, this technology has allowed to replace the well-known casing reciprocation practice granting safer practices. This technology has been appointed as the first option to obtain required isolation results for exploratory wells. Nowadays, jobs that in the past had little to no chance of success have been performed under total control with exceptional results avoiding extra remedial costs. In summary this technology has broadened the chance to improve results, allowing to perform a cementing operation under best in class HSE practices, granting the operator to obtain the required solution and providing the way to maximize the value added from mature fields.

Use of casing rotating cementing heads is a new trend for the oil industry that allows the operator to obtain cement job results at the very first attempt, reducing costly remedial jobs and maximizing the cement bond to formation and casing, hence, improving the production results at a large scale and boosting wells integrity.
Use of Foams EOR in Piedemonte Fields - A Successful Mechanism to Improve Gas Sweep Efficiency in Low Porosity and Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Ocampo Alonso , Restrepo Alejandro , Clavijo Julian , Cifuentes Harold , Mejia Juan Manuel
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the development and successful implementation of the Foams technology as an effective EOR mechanism to improve the sweep efficiency of the gas injection in the Piedemonte fields. It also shows the process of optimization of the technology to adapt it to the Piedemonte operating conditions, which is based on massive hydrocarbon gas reinjection, and how this process led us to be at a state of the art position in this technology.

The methodology to adapt and further develop the foam EOR technology in Piedemonte was based on the Capital Value Process (CVP). It starts with a screening exercise, passes through a technical assurance including applicability, fluids compatibility, modeling and coreflooding tests at reservoir conditions. Finally, the specific solution is implemented in the field to confirm effectiveness. Initially the foams were deployed using the conventional Surfactant Alternating Gas (SAG) technique, but then the technology was optimized to better suit the operating conditions of the fields, and the last interventions have been done dispersing the foamer chemical in the gas stream.

This technology has been implemented in most of the fields in the Piedemonte and has proved success since the early implementation pilots in 2011. Implementation started in the Cusiana field, which is a matrix dominated system, and then moved to the naturally fractured and low porosity reservoirs located in the Recetor and Floreña fields. In all the cases, the implementation of foams has rendered positive results reflected in incremental oil production and flattening of the Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) at the influenced producer wells. The new developed dispersed Foams technology has been as effective as the conventional SAG in the jobs performed so far, with the advantages of requiring less surface equipment, and water consumption than SAG jobs. Benefits from Foams implementations so far add up to about 0.65 MM STB.

Main conclusions from this project are i) The foams EOR technology is fully applicable in the Piedemonte fields to improve the gas sweep efficiency and increase final oil recovery. ii) A new foam deployment technique based on the injection of the foamer chemical dispersed in the gas stream was developed, and proved effectiveness at the field.

The work is innovative in two ways: i) Effectiveness of foam as a technology to improve gas sweep efficiency in naturally fractured dominated systems was proved. ii) A new foam deployment technique based on the injection of the foamer chemical dispersed in a non-condensable gas stream was developed. Also this new foam EOR technique can be extrapolated to any other field operated under gas injection.
Water Management Challenge Turned into a Friendly Environmental Response Resulting from Successful Stimulations with Coiled Tubing in Water Injection Wells: Chichimene Field Case Study in Colombia
Authors: Orozco Alex , Delgado Eduardo , Pacheco Carlos , Parra Wilmer , Rodriguez Eusebio , Casique Douglas , Parra Diego
Published: July 2020

Two producer wells in the Chichimene field of Colombia were converted to injector wells as part of a water management and pressure control strategy. Because of zero injectivity in these wells, the operator desired to stimulate for a successful disposal-type reinjection to decrease the 70,000 bbl of water being discharged. This paper describes the planning and performance of stimulation operations in these two injector wells. A proper diagnostic helped to identify damage to be attributed to fines migration. Based on a consideration of petrophysical properties and corresponding logs, an acid system was designed and tested in the laboratory. Diversion options during stages of sequenced acid preflush, hydrofluoric acid, and postflush were reviewed. The desire to minimize the tubular exposure to acid in the wellbore and to place the open end of the tubing in front of the perforations made the option of coiled tubing appealing. With this option, the placement of the necessary sequential stages of the sandstone acid treatment would be possible across discrete intervals.

Both wells experienced an injectivity index of zero before the acid treatment. The average daily injection of well CH-182 dramatically increased to 19,000 BWPD after the acid treatment. The average daily injection of well CH-183 dramatically increased to 20,000 BWPD after the acid treatment.

These two wells currently have higher injection capacities than any other wells in the Chichimene field; combined, they inject 43,000 BWPD at maximum peak. The discharged water volume before the stimulation treatments was 70,000 bbl. After stimulation of the injector wells, the discharged volume is 30,000 bbl, representing an approximately 60% reduction in discharged volume.
Reduction of Well Intervention Index in Lot – 8 of Peruvian Jungle
Authors: Huaringa Sotelo Juan Carlos , Chang Marzal Carlos , Jaspe Rodriguez Jaysmlen Rodmilt
Published: July 2020

In this paper the results of the activities carried out by Pluspetrol Norte and Tenaris to decrease the well workovers index in the lot 8 of the Peruvian jungle are presented. In this work a materials selection process for production tubing, the applied corrosion management strategies, and the implantation of new associated technologies were considered.

Wells of this lot have historically shown an important tendency to be corrosive and exhibit a high workovers index. In order to reduce the CO2 corrosion failure likelihood in pipes and extend the run life of the wells, it was decided to perform this integral assessment that finally conducted to obtain a significant improvement in terms of expenditures and reliability.
Indirect Measurement of the Motor Internal Temperature for an Inverted ESP Used for Water Injection
Authors: Pires Juan Cruz , Russo Martin , Gonzalez Camilo , Jimenez Raul , Vega Sandra , Lagos Mayra
Published: July 2020

The current situation of the oil industry and the recurring change in oil prices has prompted companies to look for alternatives to reduce their operating costs and investments without affecting their operations or production. Under this context, an Ecopetrol operation in Colombia's has decided to use an existing well to convert it into an injector well using a modified Electro-Submersible Equipment (ESP) as a pump injector, so this will result in an "inverted" installation compared to a conventional one. This project represented different challenges in the completion; one of them was, because the impossibility of using a conventional ESP sensor, to estimate the internal temperature of the downhole motor, from variables measured both in surface and in the depth of the equipment installation. Knowing the motor temperature is important considering that it is necessary to ensure system reliability and set the operating limits of the equipment.

For this application, the use of a zenith C6 downhole sensor (which does not measure the internal motor temperature) was considered, and software was developed capable of estimating it from other variables measured in the surface and in the downhole. The results were contrasted with the company's official equipment design and selection software, obtaining values with an error within an acceptable range. The "inverted" ESP equipment was not installed to date, but it is estimated that the installation should take place in the coming months.
Premier Deployment of a Drilling Automation Platform Integrated with Managed Pressure Drilling on Latin America Drilling Operations
Authors: Ronquillo Nahum , Smith Michael
Published: July 2020

The industry is encouraging the adoption of automation to improve safety, consistency, and efficiency. This paper presents a case study of the first deployment of a drilling automation platform fully integrated with a managed pressure drilling (MPD) system on Argentina drilling operations. Data collected throughout execution of the project, including human factors, and field operational data are used to evaluate the success of the project. This paper also presents challenges and lessons learned to aid in future deployments of these systems in the Latin America region.
Reaching Better Zonal Isolation by Continuous Improvement: A Case Study of Northwestern Onshore, Peru
Authors: Pingo Abraham , Soriano Victor Hugo , Villanueva Jaime , Jimenez Edgar , Vasquez Elvis , Ahmed Ramadan
Published: July 2020

In the Talara basin, the cementing of the production section represents a challenge to achieve effective zonal isolation around the pay zone and ensure an efficient hydrocarbon production. For this purpose, well cement design must be tailored to accomplish specific goals. Challenges related to depleted intercalation zones, gas-bearing formation, highly recycled drilling mud, and marginal economic incentives push operators to build a multidisciplinary team with cementing and drilling fluid service companies to optimize well cement design. The objective of this article is to present cementing lessons learned from a recent drilling campaign in the Peruvian northwest area.

Cementing jobs in the Block IV of the Peruvian northwest area is usually complex due to poor zonal isolation according to cement bond evaluation tools (sonic logs). The lack of good cement quality is related to micro-channeling and loss of well integrity. In fact, things get more complicated due to the requirement of recycling of the drilling mud to cut costs. Highly recycled mud sticks to the formation walls, complicating its removal. Various measures have been taken to understand the issues behind poor cementing jobs. Proper cementing design and placement through continuous improvements in both drilling fluid and cement formulations resulted in successful cement placements with consistent outcomes in several wells.

The formulation and designing of the pre-flushes, and the optimization of their rheological properties and wellbore exposure time, resulted in effective mud removal. For an 8.5 in hole, which was cased with a 5.5 in casing, the minimum wellbore exposure time of the pre-flush considered in the design was 2.5 minutes, each ending with a washer allowing the mud cake to disperse. Centralization was kept high with a standoff greater than 85%. The slurry design considered 14.7 ppg tail and 14.2 ppg lead slurries specifically tailored for the current conditions. Also, mechanical reciprocation of the casing string for about 10 ft-long strokes enabled more effective mud removal. Excellent results were obtained by the cement bond log based on the sonic principle. This log was taken 72 hours after the cementing job showed a 10 mV reduction in amplitude through the entire target zone, resulting in a 90% bonding index.

The challenges related to the cementing complexities were finally overcome with a multidisciplinary team of engineers from both operating and service companies working together diligently. During this process, a low-cost and effective cementing job design was developed through continuous improvement. The design resulted in good repeatability and consistency in the cementing job.