bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A failed conservative treatment of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (TTS) at Bhayangkara Hospital, Bali, Indonesia: a case report
Authors: Wiradiputra Agus Eka , Hamzah Hendra Aryudi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (TTS) is the entrapment of the posterior tarsal nerve and its branches. This condition is uncommon and usually underdiagnosed. Misdiagnosing this condition will lead to unresolved symptoms. Pain and paraesthesia are the most common presenting symptoms. This case study aims to evaluate the failed conservative treatment of TTS.Case Description: A 32-years old woman presented to our clinic with pain and numbness in her left foot for 2 years. Her pain and numbness were worsened by prolonged standing and walking. Her symptoms were gradually relieved by rest and diagnosed with TTS. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia. A curvilinear incision was made posterior inferior to the medial malleolus of the left ankle. The flexor retinaculum was incised and the TTS was explored. The patient was evaluated every week for a month and a significant improvement was recorded without any complications.Conclusion: Surgery is indicated in TTS when conservative treatment has failed. This case study was treated by surgery decompression of the posterior tibial nerve due to failed conservative treatment.
A profile of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy: four years initial experience at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Hafizar Hafizar , Agung Natanael P , Afriansyah Andika , Mirza Hendy
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The introduction of laparoscopy in the field of urology has advanced surgery into a minimally invasive era, achieving better perioperative outcomes and lower incidence of complications. This study reports on the profile of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy performed in Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta.Method: This retrospective study examined laparoscopic procedures done during the years 2016-2019. Demographic characteristics, surgical duration, length of stay, perioperative parameters, and antibiotics prescribed were recorded.Result: A total of 30 cases were reported. The gender ratio was 2:1 (male to female), with a mean age of 54.2 Â± 9.9. Twenty-two (73.3%) had proximal ureteric stone. Surgical duration and length of stay had means of 197.4 Â± 46.1 minutes and 3.6 Â± 1.1 days, respectively. The mean blood loss, preoperative and postoperative hematocrit was 40.5 Â± 27.8 mL, 36.14% Â± 5.73 and 35.76% Â± 5.71, respectively. Mean preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin was 12.27 g/dL Â± 1.84Â  and 12.12 g/dL Â± 1.89, respectively. The mean postoperative pain VAS score was 2.1 Â± 0.8. The most prescribed antibiotics for the procedure were cefoperazone (53.33%).Conclusion: Considerably short duration of operations and hospital stay comparable with other study findings were reported. This study can be applied as baseline data for further research.
Development of ureteroneocystostomy in pediatric population: ten years of experience from Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah Rainier Ramanter , Wahyudi Irfan
Published: February 2022

Background: Ureteroneocystostomy is one of the most common surgery in pediatric urology. The procedure can be performed either laparoscopically or in open surgery fashion. Currently, there is limited data available regarding the outcome of pediatric ureteroneocystostomy in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pediatric ureteroneocystostomy in both laparoscopic and open surgery techniques in one of the largest referral hospitals in Indonesia.Methods: This is a retrospective study in which all patients with age of 18 or below underwent ureteroneocystostomy in Cipto Mangunkusumo general hospital was included in ten years period. The outcome analyzed was the patients' demographic profile, procedure duration, blood loss, and length of stay of the patients.Results: A total of 46 patients underwent ureteroneocystostomy from year 2010 to 2020 with 38 patients underwent open surgery and 8 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. The median age of the patients was 5 years old, which predominantly female (60.9%). The most common urology condition was vesicoureteral reflux and ectopic ureter at 34.8%. The median procedure duration was significantly shorter in the open surgery than laparoscopic group (180 and 325 minutes, respectively; p=0.002). There was no significant difference in blood loss and length of stay between two groups.Conclusion: The preferred ureteroneocystostomy technique used was open surgery, with the most common etiology of the patients underwent the procedures were vesicoureteral reflux and ectopic ureter. In addition, the open surgery approach also leads to a shorter procedure duration than laparoscopy.
The voiding pattern of aterm neonates
Authors: Ginting Jeremy Thompson , Sigumonrong Yacobda
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The concept of voiding patterns in neonates had not been completely understood. The voiding pattern in neonates was physiologically different from that in older children. The brain's development affects voiding patterns in frequency, bladder volume, and post-void residual bladder volume, as the child keeps growing. This study aims to understand the physiological neonates' voiding system in Indonesian newborns.Materials and methods: We evaluate ten normal-born and 12 perinatology-hospitalized aterm neonates without anatomical or physiological urologic abnormalities at RSUP Haji Adam Malik from October to November 2019. We used an observational study, assessing the voiding physiology in newborns, including voiding frequency and urine volume. Infants with a history of urinary tract infection or present bacteriuria confirmed by urine culture were excluded. Voiding volume, frequency, bladder capacity, and residual volume were measured. Results: We collected a total of 22 patients, with 12 patients were perinatology-hospitalized and ten patients were healthy neonates with ten subjects were male, and 12 subjects were female. There was no correlation between voiding frequency and total voiding volume with perinatology-hospitalized, healthy neonates, and sex. (p>0.05). Independent T-test was performed with a p-value for volume, frequency, bladder capacity, and residual volume of 0.225, 0.112, 0.031, and 0.663. We got a significant difference in bladder capacity between healthy neonates and perinatology-hospitalized. No significant differences were noted in other variables. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between total voiding volume and age of gestation, body weight, length, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and chest circumference. The correlation coefficients were 0.772, 0.869, 0.623, 0.698, 0.079, 0.523 in order, with significant p-value in the age of gestation, body weight, length, head circumference, and chest circumference. There were correlations between total voiding volume and age of gestation, body weight, length, head circumference, and chest circumference.Â  Conclusion: In conclusion, we found there was a significant difference in bladder capacity between healthy neonates and perinatology-hospitalized.
The comparison of platelet parameters in Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) and Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) anticoagulants at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Rachmi Ullifannuri , Esa Tenri , Bahrun Uleng , Muhadi Darwati
Published: February 2022

Background: Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is an autologous plasma with a platelet concentration above normal values. It contains high levels of growth factor, which plays an important role in tissue repair. The quality of PRP products is influenced by the platelet count, anticoagulants, speed, and centrifugation duration. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) and Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) in PRP preparation by measuring the platelet count (PLT) and platelet index (MPV and PDW).Methods: Experimental laboratory study involved 25 volunteers performed at Hasanuddin University Hospital from September-October 2020. The values of PLT, MPV, PDW were measured using Sysmex XS-800i®. The parameters comparison between EDTA and ACD groups was analyzed using an independent T-test. A comparison of pre and post centrifugation was using paired T-test (significant if p<0.05). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 for Windows.Results: The mean PLT in the EDTA sample was significantly lower than ACD (539.10x103/µL vs. 769.8x103/µL; p<0.05). Mean MPV and PDW in EDTA were significantly higher than ACD (10.7fL vs 8.9fL and 12.7fL vs 9,8fL; p<0,001). However, the mean MPV and PDW in the ACD sample did not change significantly (p>0.05).Conclusion: PRP with ACD had a higher platelet count than EDTA, without significant platelet index changes.ACD is a more effective anticoagulant for the preparation of PRP than EDTA.
The relationship of blood group, blood components, and the age of patients with the degree of transfusion reaction at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Sembai Helena , Samad Raehana , Muhiddin Rachmawati Adiputri , Arif Mansyur
Published: February 2022

Background: Transfusion is an additional therapy in the case of hematology and non-hematology. However, it can be detrimental due to its side effects ranging from mild to severe reactions. This study aimed to determine the relationship of blood types, blood components, and the age of patients with the degree of transfusion reaction.                 Methods: A retrospective study with secondary data of the patients experiencing transfusion reactions was conducted from January 2017 to December 2019. The population included all patients receiving a transfusion of blood products. The sample met the inclusion criteria, such as the medical records of patients who experienced transfusion reactions during and after the transfusion. The exclusion criteria were cryoprecipitate blood components. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.                                                                                                                            Results: Among 228 subjects, there were a higher number (52.60%) of females than males (47.40%). The majority of patients ranged within 40-59 years old (52.70%). Most blood types were O (53.00%), while the dominant blood component was PRC (packed red cell) (50.30%). There was no significant relationship between blood types, blood components, and the age of patients with the degree of transfusion reaction (p>0.05).Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between blood types, blood components, and the age of patients with the degree of transfusion reaction.
Five years survival and quality of life after radical nephrectomy: a descriptive single-center study
Authors: Can Adryansyah , Siregar Ginanda Putra , Sihombing Bungaran , Papriska Fauriski Febrian , Warli Syah Mirsa
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (QoL) is an increasingly important factor in examining the benefits of different cancer treatments, such as radical nephrectomy for those with a renal mass presumed to be renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study evaluates five years of survival rate, and quality of life of the patient after radical nephrectomy in our center.Methods: This descriptive longitudinal study included thirty patients who were diagnosed as having renal mass in Urology division of H. Adam Malik General Hospital between January 2014 and December 2015. All patients were completely followed up for 5 years or until the patient died. We used a translated and validated Indonesian written European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Version 3.0 (EORTC QLQ-C30) to assess the patientâ€™s quality of life.Results: Overall, 5-years survival of kidney tumor patients was 100%, 66.67%, 50%, 8.33%, respectively for stages 1 to 4. We found a sharp decrease in the cumulative survival rate of stage IV group in the first 24 months compared to the first 12 months, from 66.67% to 25%. This pattern of decrease was not found in the other group of stages. Overall, patients' quality of life had increased in the first three years postoperatively and decreased in the two years afterward. These fluctuations consistently occur in all groups. All of the groups had reached the maximum quality of life at the third year postoperatively.Conclusion: Stage I renal cell carcinoma patients showed the best five-year survival rate and quality of life. The quality of life for all groups inclined for the first three years after surgery and decline consistently afterward.
Management of adrenocortical carcinoma: case report
Authors: Duha Diki Arma , Mirza Hendy
Published: February 2022

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy. Currently, surgical resection offers the best chance of cure with localized tumors. However, multimodal therapy, including systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy, is often required for locally advanced and metastatic disease to decrease these high recurrence rates.Case presentation: A 42-year-old male patient was referred from an internist due to mass in left adrenal. Solid mass with calcification on left adrenal gland within size 9 x 11,8 x 11,5 cm was found in MSCT. We performed complete surgical resection (adrenalectomy), and results from pathology anatomy were ACC functional T2N1M0 (stage 3). The patient has planned eight times chemotherapy with etoposide and carboplatin, but he decided to stop the treatment after six times due to no constitutional complaint. We found no residual mass on follow up six months after operation and patient demonstrated an excellent clinical outcome after one yearConclusion: We perform open adrenalectomy and after surgery mitotane plus etoposide, cisplatin, doxorubicin (EDP) were administered as first-line therapy, but we only did chemotherapy with etoposide and carboplatin because mitotane was not covered by patient insurance. We chose not to perform radiation therapy due to the lesser benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy, as evidenced by many studies regarding recurrence-free survival and overall survival. In our case, adrenocortical carcinoma treated with open adrenalectomy combined with 6 times chemotherapy used etoposide and carboplatin demonstrated an excellent clinical outcome after 1 years.
Factors associated with disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis patients based on Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) at Sanglah Central General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Kurniari Pande Ketut , Kambayana Gede , Sukmajaya P I Putu Fajar
Published: February 2022

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation of the joints. Various factors are known to influence the disease activity of RA patients, both sociodemographic and clinical factors. The assessment of RA disease activity using the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) has been widely used. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with RA disease activity based on DAS28 (ESR).Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on RA patients aged 18-59 years The samples were grouped into two groups; the DAS28 score group <3.2 (mild disease activity) and DAS28 score > 3.2 (severe disease activity). Factors that influence disease activity in RA patients were taken from secondary data.Results: Patients in the severe disease activity group had a mean age that was older than the mild disease activity group (51.73 ± 12.12 vs 45.67 ± 12.46 years). In the severe disease activity group, higher ESR levels were found (42.00 (3.50-131.00) mm/hour vs 13.50 (0.71-53.40) mm/hour), higher CRP levels. (4.79 (0.30-121.80) mg/dl vs 2.61 (0.05-47.49) mg/dl) and higher pain VAS. The variables found to be associated with RA disease activity were age (p = 0.019), ESR level (p < 0.001), CRP (p = 0.022), and pain VAS (p < 0.001).Conclusion: DAS28 is a commonly used method to assess the severity of RA disease activity. Factors related to disease activity in RA patients based on DAS28 (ESR) were age, level of ESR, pain VAS and CRP.
Cost-effectiveness of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation at dr Sadjito General Hospital in 2018-2020
Authors: Prisnamurti Fitra Hardian , Ghinorawa Tanaya , Tranggono Untung
Published: February 2022

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a non-communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment options for CKD patients are kidney transplantation, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. Kidney transplantation remains the best option for CKD patients, which has the best Quality of Life compared to other therapies. The cost of therapy for CKD patients is relatively high. Even in developed countries, renal replacement therapy costs are still a burden on the health system and a public health problem. Therefore, this study aims to compare the cost of care for CKD patients undergoing kidney transplantation, hemodialysis, and peritoneal hemodialysis at dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Indonesia.Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent kidney transplantation, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or hemodialysis from January 2018 to December 2020 at dr. Sardjito General Hospital. We reviewed the medical records, and the data collected was ordinal, numeric, and categorical data. The data was then coded and processed using SPSS version 25.0. The results are presented in descriptive form, tables, or diagrams.Results: In this study, we found 87 CKD samples. Thirty patients underwent kidney transplantation, 27 patients underwent CAPD, and 30 patients were randomly assigned to undergo routine hemodialysis. Based on the data obtained from this study, the average cost incurred in the first year for patients undergoing kidney transplantation at dr. Sardjito General Hospital amounted to 384.6 million IDR. For CAPD patients, it was 93.7 million IDR, and the average cost for patients undergoing outpatient hemodialysis routinely was 104.1 million IDR. The estimated average cost incurred in the third year after the procedure for kidney transplant patients is 393.7 million IDR, CAPD patients 273.7 million IDR, and patients undergoing routine hemodialysis 307.8 million IDR. The estimated average cost incurred for CKD patients undergoing kidney transplantation was 402.7 million IDR in the fifth year. For CAPD patients was 273.7 million IDR, and for patients undergoing routine hemodialysis was 511.5 million IDR.Conclusions: The results showed a difference in costs between kidney transplantation, CAPD and hemodialysis. The kidney transplant cost is much more expensive than CAPD and hemodialysis, but the monthly cost is much cheaper than the other two procedures. In the third year estimation, the costs incurred for CAPD and hemodialysis will be close to the costs incurred for kidney transplantation. In the fifth year, the costs for kidney transplantation will be smaller than the costs for CAPD and hemodialysis.
Clinical findings, laboratory, and imaging features of COVID-19 patients at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Puspita Ratna Dewi , Sujalmo Purwadi , Agustin Rizki Puji , Ari Nesti Desi
Published: February 2022

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 infection has triggered a global health crisis. Early detection of COVID-19 infection using hematology and radiology examination is the fastest method to detect the infection. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of sign and symptom, hematology, and radiology examination of COVID-19 patients at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Methods: This is a retrospective study with quantitative descriptive methods and uses a total sampling technique. This study was conducted at UGM Academic Hospital, with a total sample of 147 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Data were collected from medical records and were analyzed with Microsoft Excel for Windows.Results: This study showed that the most signs and symptoms of COVID-19 patients were cough (46.26%) and cold (37.41%), followed by hypertension (31.97%). Hematology examination showed that the leukocyte count of patients was mainly higher than the normal level (82.99%). The data showed that 22.45% of patients had increased C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and 2.72% of patients had increased procalcitonin. The result of thorax x-ray (16.33%) and CT-scan (28.57%) examination of the COVID-19 patients indicates pneumonia.Conclusions: This study illustrated that the symptoms of COVID-19 patients at UGM Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta were various. Respiratory problems such as cough and cold were the most common symptoms, followed by muscle fatigue and digestive disorders. Hematology and radiology test results of COVID-19 patients depend on the severity of the disease.
Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma mimicking a non-functioning kidney with stone: A rare case report
Authors: Wiseso Faridz Albam , Danarto Raden , Rinonce Hanggoro Tri , Sahara Nita , Adyaksa Dewa Nyoman Murti , Supriatna Yana
Published: February 2022

Background: Sarcomatoid differentiation is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and is associated with a worse prognosis. To date, there is still no reliable method to diagnose sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) preoperatively. This malignancy is sometimes hidden in the minority cases of the non-neoplastic disease, making it difficult to diagnose and leading to diagnostic pitfalls particularly in limited diagnostic tool settings.Case presentation: A 72-year-old male presented with mild, dull pain in the left flank for one year. The initial assessment revealed a non-functioning left kidney with severe hydronephrosis and a stone. However, after a simple nephrectomy was done, the pathological examination showed a sarcomatoid variant of RCC. In the following weeks, a recurrent inhomogeneous tumor aggressively raised in the left kidney bed infiltrating the adjacent structures to the abdominal wall. An embolization procedure of the tumor feeding artery was carried out followed by administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, the patient’s condition quickly deteriorated and survived for about one month.Conclusion: In the non-functional kidney associated with stone, a consideration of potentially malignant lesions as a differential diagnosis is suggested. A rare sRCC with the worst prognosis may also exist in this condition. A thorough preoperative examination must be done carefully to avoid a diagnostic pitfall.
Comparison of the effectiveness of honey and vitamin C in inhibiting the occurrence of liver fibrosis and lipid peroxidation in biliary obstruction of Wistar Rats
Authors: Kusmartono Dudy , Rudiman Reno , Usman Nurhayat
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Jaundice comes from the Greek, a clinical condition with skin color and mucosa to become yellowish. The cases number of obstructive jaundice with choledocholithiasis at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung-Indonesia from 2014 to 2016 were 132 cases. On the other hand, honey and vitamin C, which are supplements that are easy to locate in Indonesia, have antioxidant and hepatoprotective abilities to inhibit liver fibrosis and reduce MDA levels effectively, which is one indicator of lipid peroxidation. Therefore, this study tried to compare the role of honey with vitamin C in inhibiting the occurrence of liver fibrosis and lipid peroxidation.Methods: This study was an experimental study with a parallel design that aimed to determine the formation of liver fibrosis and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) values as an indicator of lipid peroxidation in biliary obstruction conditions given honey and vitamin C (treatment group) and without honey and vitamin C (control group) in Wistar rats.Results: Giving honey 3 mg and vitamin C 225 mg in biliary obstruction for 14 days gave an inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis and lower plasma MDA levels compared to the control group. Also, honey had an inhibitory effect on fibrosis and lower plasma MDA levels compared to vitamin C.Conclusions: Oral administration of 3 mg honey in biliary obstruction of Wistar rats had better results than 225 mg of vitamin C in inhibiting liver fibrosis and lipid peroxidation.
Tuberculosis cases comparison in developed country (Australia) and developing country (Indonesia): a comprehensive review from clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological aspects
Authors: Harta Wedari Ni Luh Putu , Pranata I Wayan Adi , Budayanti Ni Nyoman Sri , Sukrama I Dewa Made
Published: February 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of most crucial public health issues around the world. TB is an entity of a complex disease with the socio-economic aspect that has very strong correlation in regard to combat this disease. Migration from developing country to developed country inevitably possesses big influence on global epidemiologic of TB. In Australia, TB still becomes the main threat not only in native population but also regarding the migrant movement into Australia. Indonesia is one of among the TB endemic countries with high TB cases, in which not merely due to its high TB prevalence and incidence but also influenced by very high and dense population.Aim: This literature aims to review the clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological aspects of tuberculosis as a comparison between developed country (Australia) and developing country (Indonesia).Conclusion: Tuberculosis cases in Australia remains low compared to Indonesia, however, the close proximity to adjacent developing countries with high endemic of TB contributes significantly to increase number of TB in Australia. Tuberculosis can be cured by following the treatment guidelines with proper monitoring. Moreover, the collaboration between public and private sector along with active collaboration from the family or people surrounding the patients is required to eliminate TB disease.
Mechanism of action of metformin as an anti-aging agent: a literature review
Authors: Hamudin Aceng , Atik Nur
Published: February 2022

Aging is a complex process consisting of various mechanisms that can cause damage and decrease the body's extrinsic and intrinsic functions. Metformin has been indicated for the treatment of degenerative diseases. It also has been reported to be used as an anti-aging agent. Various studies reported different mechanisms of action, but human studies are limited. This literature aims to review the multiple mechanisms of action of metformin as an anti-aging agent. Metformin has been reported to exert anti-aging effects by prolonging life in humans and animals. The effectiveness of metformin as an anti-aging agent is influenced by the dosage and age of the subjects studied. Various mechanisms of action of metformin concerning anti-aging have been reported, including autophagy pathways with AMPK activation and inhibition of mTOR, increased antioxidants, inhibition of ROS, inhibition or enhancement of mitochondrial function and inhibition of inflammation. It was found that there were biomarkers in the form of GPx7, Nrf2, PPAR and SREBP, SOD2, TrxR1, NQO1, NQO2, pNF-kB, FOXO, mTOR, AMPK, which could be used as predictors to explain the anti-aging effect of metformin.
Correlation between albumin serum and frailty in geriatric inpatient and outpatient clinic at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar
Authors: Rudy Putu Shely Prihastuti , Kuswardhani RA Tuty , Aryana I Gusti Putu Suka , Astika Nyoman , Putrawan Ida Bagus Putu , Purnami Ni Ketut Rai
Published: February 2022

Background. Frailty in the elderly has a bad impact on health, especially in the elderly  with acute illness. Elderly with frailty has an increase susceptibility to falls, disability and death. Frailty is a common problem in elderly patients, and hypoalbuminemia suggested to increase the risk of death. This study aimed to determine the relationship between albumin and frailty.Method: A Cross-Sectional Study was conducted from February 2018 to January 2019 at Sanglah Hospital with total 60 patients. Patients were divided into two groups, patients with hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 3.5 g/dL) and patients with normal serum albumin levels (albumin ? 3.5 g/dL). The frailty status assessment was measured with Fried's Frailty Phenotype questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to find the relationship between serum albumin and frailty.Result: We evaluated 60 patients, 36 patients (60%) were male and 24 patients (40%) were female. The age of the study subjects ranged from 62 to 92 years. In this study 26 patients (43.3%) with hypoalbuminemia and 34 patients (56.7%) with normal serum albumin. There were 20 patients (76.9%) with frailty in the hypoalbuminemia group, compared to 11 patients (32.4%) in the group of patients with normal serum albumin. Hypoalbuminemia has a risk of 6.97 times greater frailty compared to normal albumin in elderly patients (p = 0.001).Conclusion: This study exhibited a significant relationship between serum albumin and frailty  in elderly admitted to inpatient unit and outpatient clinic. The lower the serum albumin level, the higher the probability of the elderly to experience frailty.
Pengukuran Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) dan D-Dimer sebagai prediktor prognosis pada pasien COVID-19 gejala berat: sebuah tinjauan pustaka
Authors: Wardika I Ketut , Sikesa I Gusti Putu Hery
Published: February 2022

Background: Patients with severe symptoms of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) experience a cytokine storm and coagulopathy that contribute to increased mortality requires a clinical parameter that is useful for risk stratification of COVID-19 patients. This literature review will discuss further the role of measuring D-Dimer, CRP and IL-6 levels as predictors of severe COVID-19 symptoms and prognostic predictors in severe COVID-19 patients.Methods: This literature review involved the relevant literature on CRP, IL-6, D-dimer and COVID-19. Different data sources or manual literature search methods were used to search for articles related to the literature topic.Results: In COVID-19, severe hyperinflammatory response cytokine storm symptoms were characterized by the release of excessive proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and an increase in CRP as an acute phase reactant. In addition, there is also a coagulopathy condition which is characterized by an increase in D-dimer. There were significant differences in CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer levels between COVID-19 patients with mild and severe symptoms. levels of CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer also showed a significant relationship with increased severity and mortalityConclusion: Measurement of CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer levels is useful for predicting the occurrence of severe COVID-19 symptoms and a prognostic predictor in patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms. Latar Belakang: Pasien Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)  gejala berat mengalami badai sitokin dan koagulopati yang berkontribusi terhadap tingginya angka mortalitas. Diperlukan suatu parameter klinis yang berguna untuk stratifikasi risiko pasien COVID-19. Tinjauan pustaka ini akan membahas lebih lanjut mengenai peran pengukuran kadar D-Dimer, CRP dan IL-6 sebagai prediktor terjadinya COVID-19 gejala berat dan prediktor prognostik pada pasien COVID-19 gejala berat.Metode: Tinjauan pustaka ini melibatkan literatur yang relevan tentang CRP, IL-6, D-dimer dan COVID-19. Sumber data yang berbeda atau metode pencarian literatur manual digunakan untuk mencari artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik literatur.Hasil: Pada infeksi COVID-19 gejala berat terjadi badai sitokin akibat respon hiperinflamasi ditandai dengan dilepasnya sitokin pro-inflamasi berlebih seperti IL-6 serta peningkatan CRP sebagai reaktan fase akut. Selain itu terjadi pula kondisi koagulopati yang ditandai dengan peningkatan D-dimer. Terdapat perbedaan kadar CRP, IL-6 dan D-dimer yang signfikan antara pasien COVID-19 dengan gejala ringan dan gejala berat. Peningkatan kadar CRP, IL-6 dan D-dimer juga menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan keparahan infeksi serta mortalitasSimpulan: Pengukuran kadar CRP, IL-6 dan D-dimer bermanfaat sebagai prediktor terjadinya COVID-19 gejala berat dan prediktor prognostik pada pasien COVID-19 gejala berat.
ANALISA EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN MESIN LISTRIK KAPAL PENANGKAP IKAN STUDI KASUS PADA KM. PULAU PINANG
Authors: Ziddin Hafiz , Demeianto Bobby , Siahaan Juniawan Preston
Published: February 2022

Energi listrik kapal perikanan Pukat Cincin di hasilkan dari Generator Set. Dimana, Kebutuhan daya beban listrik yang berhubungan dengan kapasitas dari Generator harus memiliki nilai efisiensi dari 78% atau sampai dengan 100%. Bertujuan agar tidak terjadi kerugian secara ekonomis. Serta peninjauan kecepatan putaran mesin penggerak Generator yang harus sesuai.  Maka dari itu, penelitian ini dalam Perhitungan nilai efisiensi penggunaan Generator dan Putaran mesin penggerak Generator. Selanjutnya, menentukan Evaluasi nilai efisiensi penggunaan Generator  di KM. Pulau Pinang. Peninjauan langsung di lapangan dengan cara pengukuran nilai tegangan, daya, dan arus listrik di KM. Pulau Pinang hal ini merupakan metode penelitian. Nilai daya tertinggi pada Motor pompa. Pemakaian daya listrik secara keseluruhan permasing masing unit nilai tertinggi terdapat pada lampu Halogen. Nilai teganagan 3 fasa dan arus listrik nilai rata rata terendah dan tertinggi adalah 310,33 Volt 11,33 A dan 316,33 Volt 23,47 A, dan kecepatan putaran mesin penggerak Generator yaitu 1.121,5 rpm.  Selanjutnya, Nilai efisiensi daya aktif terhitung adalah 42,142%, di rekomendasikan kapasitas Generator 30 kVA. Rpm pengoperasian mesin listrik  di simpulkan lebih kecil dari rpm spesifikasi mesin penggerak generator. Dengan catatan rpm mesin penggerak generator tidak melebihi spesifikasi rpm generator (2.800 rpm ≤ 1.500 rpm)
Kumbha Melâ and the Media
Authors: King Anna S.
Published: February 2022

This chapter argues that contemporary media are diverse, overlapping but fragmented and that any kind of essentialist understanding is based on ideological rather than empirical considerations. It reveals the heterogeneity of media representations of Kumbha and suggests that the culture of the newsroom and of public discourse influences media reports as much as inherited colonial stereotypes.
Perfumed Islam: The Culture of Scent at the Nizamuddin Basti
Authors: Viitamäki Mikko
Published: February 2022

Mikko Viitamäki opens up this section with his study of ʿitr, volatile essential oils extracted from different plant material and widely used within the religious culture of Indian Sufis. From as early as the medical work of Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna, d. 1037), Sufis have contributed to create a culture of scent through which essential oils enable them to engage the olfactory sense in boosting their personal religious practice. Through his ethnographic fieldwork conducted at the Sufi shrine of Nizamuddin Auliyaʾ in Delhi, Viitamäki assesses an enduring tradition vis-à-vis the impact on the contemporary market where more affordable and long-lasting synthetic oils are available.
Wood, Water, and Waste: Material Aspects of Mortuary Practices in South Asia
Authors: Nugteren Albertina
Published: February 2022

Albertina Nugteren’s chapter, which brings the second section to conclusion, maintains a focus on ecology but privileges an analysis of tradition and ritual praxis, namely the burning of bodies as part of the final sacrifice (antyeṣṭi). By relating prescriptive Sanskrit texts to fieldwork conducted in Nepal, the author explores the centrality of fire in Hindu funerary rites, the ongoing insistence on open pyres, and the religious symbolism investing in trees. The staggering quantity of dry wood required for such practices – preferably even enriched with rare woods such as sandalwood – is being challenged by today’s environmental realities, yet emerging alternatives such as electric crematoria are largely seen as clashing with a consolidated tradition.
Teaching and learning probability using games: A systematic review of research from 2010-2020
Authors: Sharna Sashi , Sharma Shweta , Doyle Phil , Marcelo Louis , Kumar Daniel
Published: February 2022

Probability is relatively a new discipline in school curricula in many countries. There is rich literature on students’ personal beliefs and misconceptions in probability.  However, less attention has been paid to the development of students’ probabilistic thinking in the classroom. Recently suggestions have been made to use games and simulations to overcome misconceptions in probability. This paper presents a systematic literature review that focuses on identification of games for the teaching and learning of probability at the school level. It maps out mathematics and statistics education research literature from 2010-2020 and targets student participants from Year 1-13 and pre-service teachers along with a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis process identified six different categories of games that can be used in teaching and learning of probability. While a large number of games discussed in literature involved the use of tokens, coins or dice, only one study used a cultural game to enhance student learning in probability. The paper draws some conclusions and offers suggestions for further research in this area.
Evaluation of Nutrient Removal Efficiency with Chitosan: Nutrient Composition and Bacterial Removal in Effluents of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Hatchery
Authors: S Saufie , A Estim , SRM Shaleh , S Mustafa
Published: February 2022

Effluents from aquaculture systems contain large volumes of chemical substances and microbial load such as polychlorinated biphenyls and antibiotics that are often used to control infection and pathogenic bacteria originating from feed or water. These substances, if discharged, create pollution in the aquatic environment. Mitigating this problem requires implementing appropriate treatment methods. This study investigated the efficiency of uptake of nutrients in the wastewater and reduction of microbial pollution by chitosan. This product is a linear polysaccharide composed of β-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and can be extracted from the shells of shrimps, lobsters, crabs and other crustaceans that are discarded in bulk quantities by seafood restaurants. The performance of laboratory-produced chitosan (S1) which was prepared from shells of Pacific white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was compared with that of the commercial grade chitosan (S2). While the latter was more effective in nitrogen and phosphorus removal and reduction of total faecal coliform, the two products were comparable in the uptake of minerals from the effluents from a tilapia culture system. The results showed that S1 and S2 adsorbed the nutrients from aquaculture effluents, especially ammonia (NH4 + ), nitrite (NO2 - ), nitrate (NO3 - ) and phosphate (PO4 3-). However, differences were evident in terms of the efficiency of their removal and duration of treatment required for the purpose. In this respect, S2 performed better. Moreover, the anti-bacterial activity of S2 was higher than that of S1, and this appeared to be linked to differences in surface features of the two products. The chitosan extracted from shrimp waste and processed locally provides a low-cost solution to the environmental problems caused by aquaculture effluents.
Icelandic Folklore and the Cultural Memory of Religious Change
Authors: Bryan Eric Shane
Published: February 2022

Iceland’s uncommon proclivity towards storytelling, its robust tradition of medieval manuscripts, and the “re-oralization” of those narratives after the medieval period, create a body of folktales and legends that have encoded a hidden account of how orthodox and heterodox beliefs (sometimes pagan in origin) intermingled as Christianity, and later Reformation, spread through the North. This volume unlocks that secret story by placing Icelandic folktales in a context of religious doctrine, social history, and Old Norse sagas and poetry. The analysis herein reveals a cultural memory of belief.
Optimized caspase-1 activity assay as a starting point of an in vitro platform for extensive caspase-1 monitoring v1
Authors: Börmel Lisa , Kluge Stefan , Schubert Tina , Lorkowski Stefan , Wallert Maria
Published: February 2022

Casapse-1 is a central component of the cellular inflammatory response, especially with respect to its key role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Hence, a wide-ranging analysis of caspase-1 in cellular systems is of special interest. To meet this requirement, we optimized a commercial luminescence-based caspase-1 activity assay and combined it with the determination of the expression and release of caspase-1 protein, using murine J774A.1 macrophages as an exemplary model for in vitro studies.
Gallyas-silver stain v1
Authors: not provided Christiana.bjorkli , José Lagartos Donate María
Published: February 2022

Simplified Gallyas-silver staining protocol that works for pathological staining in rodent and human tissue
[RETRACTED] F1 Keto Scam Reviews - Shocking Report Reveals Must Read Before Buying v1
Authors: not provided officialfketo
Published: February 2022

[RETRACTED]

Keto F1 works by putting your body into a state of ketosis, which causes your body to burn fat instead of sugar and carbohydrates for energy.
Gibson Assembly® Master Mix – Assembly (E2611) v2
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: February 2022

This protocol explains methods for the Gibson Assembly using the Gibson Assembly® Master Mix (E2611).
First Strand Synthesis with Reverse Transcriptase (M0253) v2
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: February 2022

This protocol is for First Strand Synthesis with M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (M0253).
Dermatologic adverse events associated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: current concepts of interdisciplinary problem
Authors: Polonskaia A. S. , Shatokhina E. A. , Kruglova L. S.
Published: February 2022

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFR) have a high rate of class-specific dermatologic adverse events. Supportive treatment of dermatologic adverse events decreases their severity, minimizes the need for dose de-escalation / discontinuation of targeted therapy, improves commitment to anticancer treatment and patient’s quality of life. Close interdisciplinary cooperation between oncologists and dermatologists is a key to the successful management of patients treated with EGFR. This article highlights current approaches to classification, concepts of pathogenesis and clinical course of EGFR-associated dermatologic adverse events, current and promising prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to manage these adverse events.
Planta experimental para supervisión y control del ciclo de refrigeración por compresión de vapor
Authors: Ruz Mario L. , Fragoso Sergio , Vázquez Francisco , Garrido Juan , Rodríguez David , Morilla Fernando
Published: February 2022

En este trabajo, de carácter eminentemente práctico,se presenta una planta experimental de refrigeración por compresión de vapor de una etapa. La planta de refrigeración incorpora un sistema para el control de la temperatura ambiente y un sistema para regular la carga térmica demandada en el evaporador. De este modo, se tiene una gran flexibilidad para imponer condiciones de trabajo al ciclo de refrigeración. También se presenta la estrategia de control descentralizada que se ha utilizado para poner a punto la planta, para explorar el rango de operación en las distintas condiciones y para conformar un conjunto de experiencias orientadas a la caracterización de los componentes del ciclo de refrigeración. Esta planta experimental será un excelente banco de pruebas para otras estrategias de control, como por ejemplo las orientadas a mejorar la eficiencia energética de este tipo de sistemas.
El derecho a conocer el origen genético vs el derecho a la intimidad del donante, planteamiento del debate y soluciones para Colombia
Authors: Beetar Bechara Brajim , De León Vargas Georgina Isabel , Suárez Manrrique Wilson Yesid
Published: February 2022

The law has been compelled to resolve for approximately 30 years the conflicts that arise when subjects conceived by heterologous dona-tion express their intention to know their genetic origins. The competing rights require a balancing test between the right to know the genetic origin of the one conceived through assisted reproductive technology and the right to reserve for heterologous donors. This article tries to answer questions such as: what happens to the right to identity of children born using Heterologous Assisted Human Reproduction Techniques? Is their right guaranteed, protected and constitutionally recognized in all cases? How should the judicial operator proceed when the right to know the genetic origin is disputed with the right to anonymity of heterologous donors? The foregoing cannot be resolved without studying, from the comparative law, how this right to know has been built, also the regulatory trends in contrast to the anonymity of donors and the legal solu-tions in force in other jurisdictions such as Europe, the United States and Latin America, in order to propose the most equitable solution for the Colombian case.
Perspectives on Additive Manufacturing Enabled BetaTitanium Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sing Swee Leong
Published: February 2022

“Stress shielding” caused by the mismatch of modulus between the implant and natural bones, is one of the major problems faced by current commercially used biomedical materials. Beta-titanium (β-Ti) alloys are a class of materials that have received increased interest in the biomedical field due to their relatively low elastic modulus and excellent biocompatibility. Due to their lower modulus, β-Ti alloys have the potential to reduce “stress shielding.” Powder bed fusion (PBF), a category of additive manufacturing, or more commonly known as 3D printing techniques, has been used to process β-Ti alloys. In this perspective article, the emerging research of PBF of β-Ti alloys is covered. The potential and limitations of using PBF for these materials in biomedical applications are also elucidated with focus on the perspectives from processes, materials, and designs. Finally, future trends and potential research topics are highlighted.
Nano-Hydroxyapatite Bone Scaffolds with Different Porous Structures Processed by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing
Authors: Liang Haowen , Wang Yue , Chen Shangsi , Liu Yang , Liu Zhengbai , Bai Jiaming
Published: February 2022

The morphologies and structures of the scaffold have a significant influence on their mechanical and biological properties. In this work, different types of porous structures: Triply periodic minimal surface-Schwarz primitive (P), bodycentered cubic, and cubic pore-shaped (CPS) hydroxyapatite scaffolds with ~70% porosity were fabricated through digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. The compressive properties and in vitro cell evaluations such as cell proliferation and attachment morphology of these scaffolds were systematically compared. The results showed that the CPS scaffolds exhibited the highest compressive strength (~22.5 MPa) and modulus (~400 MPa). In addition, the CPS scaffolds also performed the most active cell metabolisms as compared to other two structures, which may account for the larger pore size and smaller curvature of the substrate. This study provides a general guidance for the fabrication and selection of porous bone scaffolds processed by DLP 3D printing.