bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental and biosecurity challenges in tuberculosis control: A case study on cattle health in smallholder farms
Authors: Tutkyshbai Ibragim , Sarybaev Ykhtiyar , Ermekbaeva Roza , Akkozova Ardak , Zaitbekov Ermek , Shatmanov Kudiretulla
Published: February 2025

Considering that tuberculosis of agricultural and domestic animals is of great social importance, since the causative agent of the disease can be transmitted to humans and cause tuberculosis in humans, and vice versa, animals can infect tuberculosis from people with tuberculosis. Therefore, there is an increasing need for a more thorough diagnosis of animal tuberculosis in individual and farm farms. In our republic, measures to eliminate and prevent tuberculosis are carried out on the basis of the Law “On Veterinary Medicine”, according to the approved Guidelines and Instructions on tuberculosis (Astana, 1999). Unfortunately, there are very few recommendations in these regulatory documents on the prevention of bovine tuberculosis in the private sector. In business entities and settlements, anti-tuberculosis measures are carried out under the supervision of state inspectors of the district, district and region. In this regard, the state inspectors of the district, district and region have certain difficulties in carrying out antiepizootic measures. Since the livestock of the peasant and private-individual sectors are placed haphazardly in the summer, they are being moved and regrouped, transportation and forage harvesting are carried out without taking into account the epizootic situation not only for infectious, but also for invasive diseases.
AI-based orchard monitoring at night: Enhancing sustainable fruit production through real-time apple detection
Authors: Kutyrev Alexey , Khort Dmitry , Smirnov Igor , Zubina Valeria
Published: February 2025

Accurate recognition, classification and segmentation of apple fruits on tree crowns are of key importance for improving the efficiency of remote monitoring and forecasting of fruit orchard yields at different stages of the production process. The study evaluates the performance of the state-of-the-art convolutional neural network model YOLO11 (You Only Look Once version 11) under artificial lighting conditions at night. Transfer training of the models (n, s, m, l, x) is performed to evaluate their performance. The study highlights the complexities arising from the variability of lighting in natural daytime conditions of industrial gardens, which makes object recognition difficult due to the influence of various natural factors. The results of this research found that night conditions with controlled artificial lighting contribute to improved recognition accuracy. The average accuracy of the models at an IoU of 50% (mAP50) ranges from 0,76 to 0,80, and the mAP50-95 metric ranges from 0,40-0,45. The average absolute error of the models in counting the number of apple tree fruits in the test sample images at night does not exceed 8%. Adaptive learning strategies and ensemble methods can further improve the recognition accuracy under different lighting conditions. Further research is planned to optimize lighting systems to improve the stability of models for real-time operation.
Energy-efficient fruit harvesting: Evaluating the power consumption of a drum-type picker for sustainable orchard management
Authors: Filippov Rostislav , Semichev Stepan
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the study of operating modes of needle fruit picker, in particular to the study of energy efficiency of working needle type. Relevance of this research topic on reduction of irretrievable yield losses of fruit of seed crops is given. The description of the results of measuring the force of piercing of fruits when the needle drum hits the fruit depending on the depth of needle penetration into the fruit is given, so at the depth of needle penetration in 30 mm the force is equal to 26,3 H, and when the depth increases up to 50 mm the force on the needle increases up to 39 H. The mean value of force at needle withdrawal from the fetus was 17 H. Using the results of measuring the forces when piercing the fruit, the components of the energy costs required to implement the technological process were calculated. The working device is a cylindrical drum with a diameter of 305 mm with several rows of spikes, which, when moving, creates a vertical force on the fruit of about 3479 H. It was calculated that 675 W of power is required to overcome the resistance of needle penetration into the fruit while the machine is moving at a speed of 0.4 m/sec. Energy consumption for lifting the fruit from the soil surface to the level of unloading was 31 W, for rolling the drum on the surface of the row spacing was 280 W, for removing the needles from the fruit before unloading on the conveyor belt, 372 W was required. The total power required to operate the needle picker is about 2,040 kW.
Mathematical modeling for eco-friendly feed quality assessment: Photoluminescent techniques in sustainable livestock production
Authors: Belyakov Mikhail , Nikitin Evgeny
Published: February 2025

In this study, photoluminescent spectroscopy of feed in the visible and ultraviolet range is used to determine the mixing quality of the components of the feed mixture for cattle. Integral parameters (luminescence flux) are calculated and mathematical models (Φmix=f (k, m, Φi)) are constructed to determine the mass fractions of the main components of compound feeds. The applicability of the research results can serve to building a compact instrument base for the analysis of the multicomponent feed mixtures or combined feeds homogeneity, as well as to the development of the portable analyzers of the nutritional value of field-grown farming forage.
Developing photodegradable crop protection: Optimizing cotton seeder parameters for environmental sustainability
Authors: Ermatov Qobuljon , Baimakhanov Kenzhemirza , Xojimatov Azizbek
Published: February 2025

To mechanize the spreading of photodegradable polyethylene films on cotton crops, a device has been developed for spreading narrow (300 mm wide) film strips on cotton crops, consisting of a reel with film, a film-spreading drum with a film-pressing roller and spherical disks for sealing the edges of the film. In order to maintain the operational performance of the seeding unit, the rational diameter of the film reel is D_1n=0.4 m, at which the reel is changed simultaneously with the filling of seeds and fertilizers. The paper presents the results of the study of the optimal arrangement of the working bodies of the device covering the photodegradable film on the planted rows and the research of the operating modes. For this, a multifactorial experiment was carried out using the method of mathematical planning. The following optimal rounded values of the factors were determined: the angle of attack of the disk is 13º, the depth of its course is 0.04 m, the distance between the edges of the disk and the film - 0.02 - 0.03 m and unit speed - 1.25 - 1.39 m / s.
Water treatment by membrane filtration for the needs of an agricultural enterprise from an underground water source
Authors: Kamshybaev Akhmetali , Azimov Abdugani , Esembay Marzhan , Ashirbaev Zhandos , Yessenbek Assylbek
Published: February 2025

This paper shows the results of a study on the preparation of household drinking water for the needs of an agro-industrial enterprise using membrane technology. The selection of the filter baffle with the best performance has been made. The possibility of using membrane technology in the processes of water preparation for irrigation of greenhouse plants is shown.
Empirical assessment of the strategic adaptation of agro-industrial regions to external pressure
Authors: Elshin Leonid , Mingulov Almaz , Galeeva Gulnaz
Published: February 2025

The potential for sustainable development in agrarian-specialized regions, which contribute to national food security and shape key aspects of quality of life, is particularly significant amid the intensifying sanctions confrontation. This study addresses these critical issues. Drawing on a synthesis of foreign and Russian practices, it develops a conceptual framework and tools for empirically assessing the sustainability of agro-industrial regional economic systems. The author's approach is built on a three-dimensional model that evaluates processes through three key components: readiness for systemic transformations, and a combined export and import dependence indicator that measures regional vulnerability to shifts in foreign economic relations. The methodological foundation of the study includes econometric analysis, data aggregation and decomposition, and descriptive analysis. The study culminates in an assessment of the shock resilience of agrarian regions in the Volga Federal District, providing a basis for formulating policy recommendations to support regional development amid systemic transformations.
Pre-sowing treatment of leguminous seeds with a magnetic field: Effect on seed sowing indicators, crop structure and yield
Authors: Isakov A.N. , Ivanov I.V. , Savin M. I. , Sokolova L.A. , Chubarov F.L.
Published: February 2025

This study examined the effects of pre-sowing treatment of leguminous seeds with a constant inhomogeneous magnetic field on germination, crop structure, and yield through laboratory and field experiments. The research focused on fodder beans, asparagus beans, field peas, and narrow-leaved lupine. Parameters such as seed germination, root length, and germinal stem length of seedlings were monitored. A conveyor belt transported seeds through a magnetic field; the field's induction alternated direction four times, with an amplitude of 55 mT in the seed movement zone. Statistical analysis (p = 0.05) revealed that the magnetic field did not significantly affect seed germination, root length, or germinal stem length. Field studies corroborated these findings, showing no statistically significant differences between treated and untreated seeds in the number of beans per plant, seeds per bean, or seed mass per plant. Thus, the constant inhomogeneous magnetic field showed no statistically reliable effect on the sowing parameters, yield structure, or productivity of the tested leguminous crops in both laboratory and field experiments.
Analysis of the need for the formation of competencies among future farmers for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Morozova Galina , Popova Irina , Berdyugin Artyom , Soroka Kirill , Sarycheva Varvara
Published: February 2025

The article considers the urgent problem of the quality of personnel provision in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, which affects both the results of agricultural production of individual industries and food supply of the population of the country, its security as a whole. In particular, the article: substantiates the need to develop such a quality as economic and legal competence in specialists in the field of agriculture; considers the reasons for the demand for the formation and development of professional competence and economic and legal competence in future agricultural producers; outlines the conceptual apparatus of the problem under study: clarifies the concepts of “need (demand) for a competent farmer”, “professional competence of a farmer” and “economic and legal competence of a farmer”; defines the structure of economic and legal competence of a farmer, including cognitive, motivational-value, operational and reflexive components; The conditions for its formation (classroom, extracurricular, electronic educational) and criteria (cognitive, activity-based, personal) are outlined.
Study of production and biological features of vegetative rootstocks of apple and pear trees in the conditions of the Guba-Khachmaz region
Authors: Hajiyev Abbas , Hafizov Gharib
Published: February 2025

In 2020-22, in a Pilot farm located 10 km east of the Guba regional center, the economic and biometric indicators of vegetative rootstocks of apple trees RV-4 (super-dwarf), 62-396 (dwarf), MM-106 (medium-sized), 54-118 (semi-dwarf), M9 (dwarf) and pears were studied. Ba 29 (medium-sized). PB-4 had the most intense monthly growth dynamics in August, while M9 and 62-396 had the most intense growth dynamics in August-September. In M 9, 4-5 cuttings with a height of 70-104 cm and a diameter of the root neck 8-10 mm were formed on the mother bush, MM 106 – up to 6 cuttings with a height of 63-82 sm and a diameter of the root neck 7-9 mm. In other rootstocks, the number of cuttings varied from 3 to 6, their height - from 63 to 111 cm, and the diameter of the root neck – from 6 (PB-4) to 10 mm (62-396). The results of this study help to better understand the similarities and differences in the biology and economically valuable traits of these rootstocks, which provides important clues for all players involved in the fruit growing sector.
Analysis of the current state of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Yesbolova Ainur , Abdikerimova Gulzhanar , Kuashbay Sattar , Sadykbekova Aizharkyn , Bigeldieva Zarema
Published: February 2025

The article analyzed the current state of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan, an industry that plays an important role in ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural development. Key indicators are considered, such as the volume of milk production, the number of dairy cattle, animal productivity and farm structure. Key trends and challenges have been identified, including poor productivity on personal subsidiary plots, limited access to modern technology, a shortage of skilled people and insufficient funding for the industry. Particular attention is paid to regional differences in the development of dairy cattle breeding, as well as the impact of state support, subsidy programs and investment activity on the dynamics of the industry. The article emphasizes the importance of introducing innovative technologies, such as digitalization of production processes and genetic improvement of livestock, to increase the competitiveness of dairy cattle breeding. Based on the analysis, directions for the development of the industry were proposed, including stimulating cooperation among small producers, modernizing the milk processing infrastructure and expanding export opportunities. The presented conclusions and recommendations can be useful for the development of strategies for the sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding in Kazakhstan.
Portable housing facing global challenges: Sustainable development solutions
Authors: Kizilova Svetlana
Published: February 2025

Contemporary global challenges pose non-trivial demands for creating new portable housing architecture typologies. The article is devoted to the latest approaches to portable housing organization: an ultra-compact architectural typology, capable of flexible transformation and manual relocation by the user. The purpose of the article is to identify the main approaches to the organization of modern portable architecture aimed at creating habitable space in extreme environmental conditions. Aspects of portability of contemporary minimal housing are highlighted: prefabricated individual residential facility; a dwelling with expanded functionality, individual elements of which serve as interior items and furniture; ultra-light portable housing carried by the occupant; a dwelling transformed from clothing and footwear to become a shelter; a portable dwelling powered by the user and possessing the qualities of radical mobility; portable housing with virtual components. Modern implemented and conceptual projects devoted to various portability aspects of a home are analyzed. The article may be useful for further theoretical research and modelling of the concepts of prefabricated objects and minimal housing.
Environmental and medical consequences of smoking: Impact on the environment and human health
Authors: Khalimova Dilrabo , Umarova Mahfuza , Oltiyev Elyor , Boltayeva Zaringisu , Rakhmatullayev Akmal , Teshayev Shuxrat
Published: February 2025

Smoking is an important cause of coronary heart disease, as it contributes to the development of the atherosclerotic process. The primary factor in the development of coronary heart disease influenced by smoking is carbon monoxide. Nicotine contributes by raising blood pressure and heart rate, while carbon monoxide leads to heart failure. This can result in a myocardial infarction, which is the necrosis of a portion of the heart muscle due to disrupted blood supply. Smoking is harmful not only to the health of the smoker, but also to his family and employees. People who are constantly nearby regularly inhale smoke. Its excess indoors can cause dizziness, nausea and vomiting, cough, irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and throat, and allergy attacks. In non-smokers, tobacco smoke contributes to the development of the same diseases as in smokers.
Investigating socio-ecological factors of migration and climate change on schoolchildren’s health and adaptation in vulnerable regions
Authors: Bashkireva Tatyana , Bashkireva Anastasia , Morozov Alexander , Voishcheva Elina , Ganicheva Irina
Published: February 2025

Climate change is one of the most pressing global problems of our time. The impact of climate change on the physical development of students as a factor in adaptation to the educational process has not been sufficiently studied. The paper presents data on the physical development of adolescent schoolchildren of the Kazakh and Slavic ethnic groups in the context of migration and climate marginalization. The results of the study showed that all subjects had harmonious physical development. The measurements of length, weight, body mass index, and weight-height index show that individuals can vary significantly. The dynamics of the indicators of length and body weight in boys and girls are the same, but in boys, they are significantly higher than in girls. Studies have found asthenia in both indigenous and immigrant schoolchildren. Constitutional ethnic features of the physical development of schoolchildren in migration and climate change revealed.
Noise propagation assessment in the urban environment
Authors: Bulkin Vladislav , Kalinichenko Marina
Published: February 2025

The article presents the study results of the of noise-like acoustic signals attenuation nature during propagation in urban environments. One of the Murom city territories representing a combination of a residential area, the location of educational institutions, and a machine-building enterprise was chosen for the study. A simulated complex noise-like signal and a sound amplification system with an audio signal power of 500 W were used as signal sources. The noise source was considered as a point source. The noise level values were recorded using a Class I ASSISTENT noise meter. For a more detailed analysis of the obtained results, data visualization using the QGIS geographic information system was provided. It was shown that, in general, the change in the acoustic signal attenuation is characteristic of quiet zones and tends to decrease fairly uniformly. At the same time, at 63 and 125 Hz frequencies, a deviation from the linearity of attenuation was detected, which may be associated with the influence of territorial factors or the an unaccounted short-term noise source existence.
"Sustainable architecture" in wetlands: Experimental approaches to design of eco-tourism sites in wetlands area of Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Samawetli Ali , Skopintsev A.V.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study is to develop experimental approaches, as well as adaptive volumetric-spatial and functional-planning models of tourist complexes that contribute to the formation of "sustainable tourism" in the wetlands of Southern Iraq. The methodological basis for architectural shaping of tourism objects integrated into the wetland landscape on the basis of taking into account natural and anthropogenic factors is formed. The design of "sustainable architecture" of tourist complexes is proposed on the basis of "coordination" of planning, architectural-spatial and visual characteristics of the object and the natural context. Characteristic "types" of ecosystems in the wetlands of southern Iraq are systematised, distinguishing between cultural, degraded, and preserved natural wetland landscapes. For each type of wetland ecosystem, a set of author's conceptual approaches and adaptive architectural, planning and visual models of ecotourism sites in the context of "sustainable" architecture is proposed.
Cultivation of promising aquatic plant species for sustainable development of Central Asian biodiversity
Authors: Karimov Bolotbek , Boronbaeva Ainazik , Dursunbaeva Aida , Abdyrakhmanova Zhazgul , Karimov Meder , Israilova Gulbarchin , Kholmuradova Totigul
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the development of reliable methods of mass cultivation and ways of rational use of some aquatic plants such as:Wolffia arrhiza L.),Lemna minor L.),Azolla caroliniana Willd.) andPistia stratiotes in conditions of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan; The results of experiments to determine the optimal mineral, organomineral and organic nutrient media are discussed, and the optimal concentration of wastewater from urban sewers, livestock complexes for better growth of the studied plants is determined. It is also noted that Wolffia arrhiza L., Lemna minor L., Azolla caroliniana Willd. and Pistia stratiotes can be grown in aquariums and fiberglass trays in greenhouses (in winter) and in concrete pools under the open sky (in summer), and that effective nutrient media for cultivation of the studied plants are manure (sheep, cow, horse manure), chicken manure, wastewater from municipal sewage treatment plants and industrial enterprises, as well as mineral media of Nakamura, Landolt, Lukina and Knop. The authors cite the results of hydrochemical and microbiological studies, which show that complete purification of wastewater from organomineral substances and pathogenic microorganisms occurs within 12-15 days.
Green precision engineering: Eco-efficient milling cutter parameters for reduced material waste in profile shaft formation
Authors: Malneva Yu.A. , Kuts V. V. , Kalchenko A.N. , Tolmacheva T.A.
Published: February 2025

The article reflects the results of a study of the influence of the design parameters of the enclosing milling cutter with radial structural feed on the error of forming RK-profile shafts. The method of forming RK profile shafts using a covering milling cutter with a constructive feed is described, the equation of the profile of the producing surface of the milling cutter is given. The values are obtained and the dependence is established for the minimum average radius of the profile of the enclosing cutter, which ensures the fulfillment of the shaping conditions. The discrepancy between the angular positions of the milling cutter teeth set by parametric angles and their actual (geometric) angular position is shown. A method is proposed for calculating the value of the parametric angle of the teeth of the enclosing cutter through the values of their actual (required) angular position. A study was performed and a regression equation was established describing the effect on the shaping error of the average radius of the enclosing milling cutter and the number of teeth with their uniform arrangement, the use of this equation made it possible to establish the ranges of permissible values of the design parameters of the designed milling cutters providing the required shaping accuracy.
Sustainable road surfaces: Evaluating eco-friendly additives on bitumen penetration grade
Authors: Alibayeva Arman , Amirbayev Yerik , Alizhanov Dinmukhambet , Zhumamuratov Manarbek , Smagulova Mariya
Published: February 2025

Bitumen serves as the primary binding material in asphalt concrete mixtures for road construction in Kazakhstan, where the diverse climate demands specific properties for durability and reliability. This study investigates the potential of using bitumen grade 50/70 in the southern regions of the country, known for extreme summer temperatures. While bitumen grades 70/100 and 100/130 are traditionally used, especially in the southern and northern regions respectively, there is growing interest in alternatives like grade 50/70 due to supply challenges and increased demand. However, concerns about its structural integrity under high thermal stress necessitate further analysis. The research compares the performance of 50/70 and 70/100 bitumen grades through laboratory tests focusing on penetration, softening point, viscosity, and adhesion. The goal is to assess the feasibility of 50/70 bitumen for road construction under the unique climatic conditions of southern Kazakhstan and to explore modifications for enhanced performance. The findings will contribute to optimizing bitumen
Climate-resilient agriculture: Strategies for mitigating environmental impacts in rural economies
Authors: Xing Chen C. , Sergienko Alexey , Frolova Alena , Rykov Andrey
Published: February 2025

Climate-resilient agriculture is essential for sustaining rural economies amidst the increasing challenges posed by climate change. This paper explores strategies for mitigating environmental impacts in rural agricultural systems, emphasizing the integration of sustainable practices, technological innovations, and policy frameworks. Through a comprehensive bibliographic analysis, the study identifies key approaches such as conservation agriculture, agroforestry, precision farming, and the adoption of climate-smart technologies. Additionally, it examines the role of governmental policies and community-based initiatives in fostering resilience. Case studies from diverse geographic regions, including Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and North America, illustrate the effectiveness of these strategies in enhancing productivity, conserving natural resources, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The findings highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, capacity building, and access to financial resources in implementing climate-resilient practices. Moreover, the paper discusses barriers to adoption, including limited technological infrastructure, knowledge gaps, and socio-economic constraints. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, agricultural practitioners, and researchers to promote the widespread adoption of climate-resilient agriculture. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable rural development by offering insights into effective strategies for mitigating environmental impacts and ensuring the long-term viability of rural economies in the face of climate variability.
Development and investigation of a construction binder based on industrial and household glass waste using chemical modification
Authors: Shakirova Veronika , Dobrosmyslov Sergey , Khartov Stanislav
Published: February 2025

The article addresses the pressing issue of glass waste disposal, particularly industrial and household glass. It explores the potential for creating a new binder material based on recycled glass, which could reduce the burden on landfills and decrease the consumption of natural resources. An analysis of existing glass recycling methods is conducted, and a new approach is proposed for producing a binder material using finely ground glass and various modifiers. The research results demonstrate the potential of using glass waste to create an environmentally friendly and economically viable binder material, contributing to sustainable construction and addressing the waste disposal problem.
Nuclear reaction analyses for green chemistry: Evaluating environmental safety in charged particle interactions
Authors: Hussain Fatima , Meteab Mohanad
Published: February 2025

The total stopping power, range and stopping time were calculated using relativity theory equation of Betha's at energies ranging from 1 MeV to 1000 MeV. Depending on the nuclear reactions that produce charged particles such as nuclei 2046Ca, 2246Ti and 1225Mg decompose into alpha-beta and a proton, respectively, where the nuclear energy levels and binding energies of the radioactive nuclei were calculated by NuShellX@MSU program to obtain the energies of the beta, alpha and proton particles as induced projectiles by the targets are water, benzene and sodium chloride molecules. We applied the density functional theory to carry out the analysis of the molecules by Density Functional Theory/Gaussian 09W and GaussView 5.8. Ionization potential, HOMO- LUMO level energy, total electronic density and electrostatic potential have been determined by Density Functional Theory method of target in calculation of the total stopping power, range and stopping time of charged particles. The total stopping power, impact range and stopping time calculations of water, benzene and sodium chloride molecules results have been done by computer code in MATLAB language. The best agreement between the obtained results in energy region above 10 MeV was achieved, the total stopping power decreases in the alpha and proton state. At 1 MeV to 1000 MeV energy range, our calculations to stopping power and time with range in water, benzene and sodium chloride molecules are in excellent agreement with obtained results as function of beta energy. The study shows the stopping power of these materials due to their importance and benefit, and provide the reason why these materials have a high stopping power for impacting charged particles.
Neural network-assisted eco-architectural designs: Conceptualizing sustainable construction solutions
Authors: Zatsepina Aleksandra , Mikhaylovskaya Liudmila , Shindina Polina
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, neural networks are increasingly being used to generate sketchy architectural solutions. In this article, two projects that won the architectural competition are used as examples to demonstrate how to use the MidJorney neural network. Examples are given for generating text from the source image, generating images based on text queries and making corrections, combining images, images, and text, and altering an image fragment. A roadmap has been drawn up—an algorithm for using the MidJorney neural network to work on an architectural concept.
The future of green building: The role of VR and artificial intelligence in improving BIM efficiency
Authors: Borisova Tatiana , Molchanova Yulia , Ermakova Evgenia
Published: February 2025

Building information modeling (BIM), virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are becoming key tools in the construction industry, improving design, construction and management processes. They ensure high coordination and accuracy, accelerate error detection and improve the quality of execution. The article examines successful examples of the use of these technologies and their impact on all stages of the construction life cycle, including planning, operation and renovation. The integration of BIM, VR and AI can significantly increase efficiency and reduce the need for human resources.
Eco-efficient industrial processes: Leveraging ai-powered management for reduced environmental footprint
Authors: Mombekova Sandugash , Akhmetova Sabira , Shaimerdenova Guldana , Alisheva Sandugash , Mussirepova Elmira , Kydyrbekova Aizat , Torebay Nursaule
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence is the ability of artificial intelligence to perform actions that were previously only accessible to the human brain. Its algorithms work with data on the basis that tools perform tasks and solve named tasks. Each time, pioneering systems become more efficient by analyzing parameters. The creation and development of artificial intelligence (AI) is a complex and multi-sided process based on several factors. Artificial intelligence has great potential to solve problems that human intelligence needs. This could include analyzing a lot of data, making the best use of manufacturing processes, weather forecasting, developing new drugs, and much more. AI can significantly improve the efficiency and productivity of various fields of activity, such as industry, transportation, health care, education, and industry. It can also lead to lower costs, fewer errors, and better quality of goods and services. Today, scientists study with great interest the problems in creating artificial intelligence. According to the researchers, the development of artificial intelligence allows a person to focus on the creative and complex aspects of life and helps to free a person from everyday and monotonous activities. On the other hand, there is no concern about possible negative effects such as loss of jobs, loss of control over technology, and serious issues related to the development of autonomous systems.
Unmanned ground vehicle for snow cover survey in avalanche areas using GPR
Authors: Sidorenko Artem , Moskvitin Alexander , Kondrashova Elena
Published: February 2025

The paper presents a concept for a ground-based unmanned automated tracked platform designed for the remote survey of snow cover using ground-penetrating radar in hazardous areas, such as avalanche catchment zones. Traditional observation methods, such as snow surveys and pit studies, are prohibited in these areas for safety reasons. Employing an alternative approach—ground-penetrating radar combined with an unmanned automated platform—enables safe research in avalanche catchment zones while covering extensive territories in a short period. The ground-based unmanned automated tracked platform comprises an autonomous tracked module connected by a variable-width frame designed for mounting the ground-penetrating radar. The modular technology allows the platform to be divided into two autonomous devices, facilitating movement in hard-to-reach areas, such as forests, shrub vegetation, and mountain ranges, during transportation from the foot of the avalanche basin to the study area.
Unraveling Protein Repulsion Forces with Nanocelluloses: Insights from Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Jing
Published: February 2025

Despite the promising potential of novel surface-functionalized nanocelluloses in advanced technology applications, mechanisms of nanoscaled interacting forces and their origins during interactions between proteins and these materials in biologically relevant environments remain poorly understood. This study explores force interactions between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and three functionalized nanocelluloses, OSO₃⁻-modified CNCs, lignin-residual CNCs (LCNCs), and COO⁻-modified TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNFs), to understand protein-nanocellulose interactions using Peakforce quantitative nanomechanical mapping in salt solution at two pH values. The force spectroscopy measured by a protein colloidal probe revealed that TCNFs and LCNCs resist BSA adsorption via pH-dependent repulsion, independent of substrate and protein charge. At pH 3.5, TCNFs showed short-range repulsion (25 nm) against oppositely charged proteins, decreasing to separation distance of 14 nm at pH 7.2. The secondary minima observed at pH 7.2 confirmed the electrostatic-dominant repulsive behavior of TCNFs. LCNCs displayed steric repulsion (13 nm) at pH 3.5 and very long-ranged repulsion (75 nm) at pH 7.2. These repulsion mechanisms, driven by electro-steric repulsion, and hydration forces resulting from formation of a water layer bound to proteins during protein layer compression, deviate from classical DLVO theory. The proposed interaction force mechanisms for protein repulsion were further validated by energy dissipation data and dynamic contact angle experiments. The results showed that TCNFs formed compact layers preserving protein conformation, facilitated by the surface chemical and structural advantages of TEMPO-oxidized TCNFs. While the lignins on LCNCs created flat LCNC-BSA complex layers influenced by lignin chemistry. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing nanocellulose surface chemical properties to enhance protein repellency while maintaining mechanical strength in biological systems.
Correlation between imaging features and rEm18 antibodies in alveolar echinococcosis: results from a multicenter study in France
Authors: Simon Gabriel , Grenouillet Frédéric , Richou Carine , Delabrousse Eric , Blagoskonov Oleg , Minello Anne , Thiefin Gerard , Frentiu Emilia , Wallon Martine ,   EchinoVISTA Group, Bresson-Hadni Solange , Calame Paul
Published: February 2025

Background: To correlate imaging features of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) with the antibodies to recombinant Em18 (rEm18AB) at diagnosis and evaluate initial imaging features associated with serologic response, this retrospective study used data from the prospective multicenter EchinoVISTA study (NCT02876146). Imaging and serology were performed at diagnosis and during follow-up. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate imaging features associated with the rEm18AB index. Follow-up analyses evaluated the imaging features associated with serologic response (defined as a 50% reduction in the baseline value within 2 years) in non-operated patients treated with albendazole alone. Results: From June 2012 to July 2016, 45 patients were included, with 8/45 (18%) having an rEm18AB index < 1. Maximum lesion size (76 mm [IQR = 57–93] vs. 36 mm [IQR = 26–51], p = 0.006), microcyst percentage (70% [IQR = 3–8] vs. 20% [IQR = 0.5–3.5], p = 0.004), and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (5.1 [IQR = 4.4–6.2] vs. 2.6 [IQR = 2.4–3.9], p = 0.001) were associated with an rEm18AB index > 1. In patients treated with albendazole, serologic responders at 2 years had smaller lesions (5.3 [IQR = 3.8–72] vs. 3.5 [IQR = 2.7–3.7], p = 0.010) with less pedicle involvement, and lower initial rEm18AB index (2.98 ± 1.63 vs. 7.81 ± 3.95, p = 0.011). Conclusion: Maximum lesion size, percentage of microcysts within the lesion, and maximum lesion SUV are significant imaging features of AE correlated with the rEm18AB index. Serologic response at 2 years occurs primarily in patients with small lesions and a low rEm18AB index.
There’s (not) an App for that: situating smartphones, Excel and the techno-political interfaces and infrastructures of digital solutions for COVID-19
Authors: Heemsbergen Luke , Bennett Catherine , Mann Monique
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on the operational-infrastructural puzzles of mHealth via COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps (CTA). Significant literature exists on user adoption of the platformisation of public health during the pandemic, but there has been limited consideration of how those responsible for implementing CTA design, deployment, and use of public health infrastructures did so. We redress this imbalance by exploring some of the politics and practicalities of offering CTA as technical ‘solutions’ to pandemic problems. Our work adds to previous comparative analyses of mHealth by drawing on data from key actors across government, industry, and civil society involved in designing and implementing CTA into public health across 5 jurisdictions: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. While CTA research often frames tensions around efficacy and adoption (e.g. privacy trade-off), we find hidden infrastructural tensions within a situation of political and technical constraints in the ‘back end’ of the platformisation of public health. The paper offers new insights to pandemic politics by shifting questions from digital contact tracing and pandemic surveillance interfaces to understanding CTA as infrastructures of public health. While CTA user-software interactions produce certain research questions, querying the infrastructural complexity of digital public health projects require and produce a different set of data and knowledge.
A high bandwidth and high transmission STM bias line for ESR and quantum stochastic resonance measurements at 0.4 K
Authors: Schwenk Johannes , Soulard Clément M. , Shan Shixuan , Patthey François , Brune Harald
Published: February 2025

We present a scanning tunneling microscope operating in a 3He cryostat at a base temperature of 0.4 K, suitable for electron spin resonance (ESR) [S. Baumann, W. Paul, T. Choi, C. P. Lutz, A. Ardavan, and A. J. Heinrich, Science 350, 417 (2015)], quantum stochastic resonance (QSR) [M. Hänze, G. McMurtrie, S. Baumann, L. Malavolti, S. N. Coppersmith, and S. Loth, Sci. Adv. 7, eabg2616 (2021)], and electric pump–probe experiments. We achieve excellent signal transmission of −2 to −3 dB between 100 kHz and 100 MHz, −23 dB at 10 GHz, −35 to −40 dB between 25 and 35 GHz, and −45 dB at 40 GHz, using a combination of normal conducting and superconducting semi-rigid, as well as flexible RF cables. SMK type 2.92 mm and mini-SMP connectors are used to minimize reflections and losses over the entire frequency range. The ESR capability of our instrument is demonstrated on possibly hydrogenated titanium atoms adsorbed on two and three monolayers of MgO on Ag(100) at 0.4 and at 4.2 K. We further show QSR measurements for Fe/MgO/Ag(100) and compare the driven relaxation time with the intrinsic energy relaxation time T1 reported for that system [W. Paul, K. Yang, S. Baumann, N. Romming, T. Choi, C. P. Lutz, and A. J. Heinrich, Nat. Phys. 13, 403 (2017)] as a function of magnetic field and tunnel current.
Bridging scales in chromatin organization: Computational models of loop formation and their implications for genome function
Authors: Tsukamoto Shingo , Mofrad Mohammad R. K.
Published: February 2025

Chromatin loop formation plays a crucial role in 3D genome interactions, with misfolding potentially leading to irregular gene expression and various diseases. While experimental tools such as Hi-C have advanced our understanding of genome interactions, the biophysical principles underlying chromatin loop formation remain elusive. This review examines computational approaches to chromatin folding, focusing on polymer models that elucidate chromatin loop mechanics. We discuss three key models: (1) the multi-loop-subcompartment model, which investigates the structural effects of loops on chromatin conformation; (2) the strings and binders switch model, capturing thermodynamic chromatin aggregation; and (3) the loop extrusion model, revealing the role of structural maintenance of chromosome complexes. In addition, we explore advanced models that address chromatin clustering heterogeneity in biological processes and disease progression. The review concludes with an outlook on open questions and current trends in chromatin loop formation and genome interactions, emphasizing the physical and computational challenges in the field.
Simulation of multilevel magnetic data storage via domain wall nucleation
Authors: Wang Xuan , Li Bo , Du Yu , Meng Shiwei , Li Yaojin , Li Yang , Wang Yan , Zheng Fu , Liu Liwang
Published: February 2025

We present micromagnetic simulations of spin–orbit torque (SOT)-induced multistate magnetization switching in a ferromagnetic layer with perpendicular anisotropy, conducted without an external magnetic field. Four volatile states are excited by a constant current. Each volatile state, after the removal of the current and undergoing relaxation and stabilization, can transition into one of four stable nonvolatile states. Further analysis revealed that, by specifically controlling the amplitude and active/inactive intervals of a rectangular pulse, a volatile state can transition to a robust nonvolatile state, providing a viable approach for multilevel magnetic data storage. The resistance of each magnetic domain state is qualitatively calculated, and their differences make these multilevel states detectable for information reading.
Stearic acid/CNT-wrapped superhydrophobic/oleophilic sponge with Joule-heating effect for efficient removal of crude oil
Authors: Yan Duanhong , Yin Kai , Liu Yao , Yang Pengyu , He Jun , Huang Yin , Zhang Fan , Arnusch Christopher J.
Published: February 2025

Crude oil spill accidents cause extreme environmental damage, with huge economic costs that include the loss of oil resources. Despite the advances in conventional oil spill cleanup technology, such as dispersants, absorbents, and skimmers, there is still a need for more efficient solutions. In this study, we introduce a Joule-heated stearic acid/carbon nanotube-wrapped polyurethane sponge (SCPU) for rapid and all-weather recovery of leaked crude oil. SCPU is both hydrophobic and oleophilic and is electrically conductive. When 6 V were applied across the SCPU, the surface temperature increased to 146 °C within 70 s, which reduced the viscosity of crude oil and shortened the recovery time by over 99%. In addition, the Joule-heated SCPU can continuously recover crude oil floating on the water surface when connected to a peristaltic pump. This Joule-heated SCPU has a high crude oil adsorption capacity, a scalable preparation method, and is mechanically stable, and thus is expected to provide an efficient and practical solution for responding to crude oil spill accidents.
Surge model influence on surge wave propagation in serpentine inlet
Authors: Balkhi Muhammed Osama , Durna Ahmet Selim
Published: February 2025

The overpressure predictions associated with engine surge are essential when defining the peak loads in intake structure design. The present computational study investigates the phenomenon of engine surge to foresee the maximum pressure loads on an S-shaped engine intake. Four distinct surge models were evaluated, focusing on the effects of rise time, fall time, and maximum overpressure ratio (OPR) on the resulting pressure loads and flow field characteristics. The surge propagates upstream as a pressure wave from the aerodynamic interference plane, interacts with the separation region, and carries the distortion ahead. A sharp rise in the pressure within 2.5 ms creates pressure loads nearly 26% higher than the maximum OPR. Rapid pressure increases create strong shocks resembling shock waves, while gradual increases in pressure do not induce strong shocks but create a vast spillage area ahead of the duct. The high-pressure gradient created by the surge may accelerate the flow to supersonic speeds in certain regions. Post-surge, significant changes in flow structure are observed, including the formation of high vorticity zones near the intake lip and complex flow distortions throughout the duct. This study offers insights into the critical parameters affecting surge behavior, providing a basis for determining design limits and improving the robustness of intake systems subjected to extreme operating conditions.
Evaluating multi-state free energy profiles from splitting probability
Authors: Singh Rohan , Biswas Parbati
Published: February 2025

Single molecule experiments monitor the structural transitions of biomolecules under a constant mechanical force to study their fold–unfold transitions. The activation barrier for such transitions is obtained by inverting the observed committor, which is the probability that the molecule starting from a given extension reaches the folded state before the unfolded state. This work proposes an analytical model for committor analysis of the multi-state conformational dynamics of a DNA hairpin in a complex cellular environment, within the framework of the generalized Langevin equation using a general asymmetric bistable potential with a power-law frictional memory kernel. We obtained exact analytical expressions for the probability density function, first passage time distribution, and the committor. The results are compared with those obtained from steered molecular dynamics simulation of a three-state DNA hairpin, and earlier experimental data. We investigated the dependence of the committor and the corresponding committor-inverted profiles on the linker stiffness, barrier height, and degree of asymmetry in the bistable potential. This model successfully captures the fold–unfold dynamics, reproducing the multi-state free energy profile with asymmetric energy barriers.