bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Duration and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Diabetic Related Parameters, Adipocytokines and Calcium Regulating Hormones
Authors: Al-Attaby Aseel Khalid Thabah , Al-Lami Makarim Qassim Dawood
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to investigate the effects of duration and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus on diabetic related parameters, adipocytokines and calcium regulating hormones. This study was conducted on eighty diabetic patients (41 male and 39 female) in Iraq, with an age range of 20-60 years and a disease duration range of 1-180 months. Blood samples were collected from the patients to determine three main types of biomarkers: diabetic-related parameters [Fasting blood sugar is FBS glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and insulin resistance (IR)], adipocytokines [adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±), and calcium regulating hormones [parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D].

     The result showed increased levels of some parameters with the increase in duration of disease. Levels of FBS and HbA1c increased significantly (probability <0.05) in the second and the third categories of duration of disease (61-120 and 121-180 month) compared with the first category (1-60 month). Levels of insulin and IR were increased with the increase in duration of disease; this increase was found to be significant (p<0.05) when a comparison was made between the second and the third categories with the first category. Also, a similar trend was observed when a comparison was made between the third category and the second category. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of TNF-Î± and calcitonin in the last category compared with the other categories, and a significant (P<0.05) increase in vitamin D levels in the last category compared with the first category. Non-significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the levels of adiponectin and PTH among all categories of duration of disease.

     When a comparison was made between the two groups of patients (with complications and without complications), a significant (P<0.05) increase was found in the levels of FBG, HbA1c, insulin, and IR in patients with complications as compared with patients without complications. A significant (P<0.05) decrease was found in calcitonin levels in patients with complications as compared with patients without complications. Non-significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the levels of the other parameters (adiponectin, TNF-Î±, PTH and vitamin D) between the two groups of patients.

     It can be concluded from the present study that duration of disease affects diabetic related parameters, TNF-Î± and some calcium regulating hormones (calcitonin and vitamin D), while complications of disease affect diabetic related parameters and calcitonin. It can be suggested that the duration of diabetes is one of the strongest determinants of complication risk.
A Comparative Study between Conventional Pap Smear and Liquid-Based Cytology: A Clinco-Cytological Study of Iraqi Women with Some Health Problems of Cervix
Authors: Alabbody Huda Hameed K. , Al-Ghuraibawi Zahraa Adnan G.
Published: June 2021

A cervical screening by Pap test is necessary in recognizing precancerous and cancerous cases to reduce mortality due to cervical cancer among women. Regular screening and follow up can make it easier to early diagnose and eventually, to treat and control cervical cancer.

    This study aimed to detect atypical pathological changes of the vagina and uterine cervix of a sample of Iraqi women by macro- and micro-examination, and to determine the link with the demographic features. Also the study aimed to evaluate the two Pap smear techniques; the conventional and the base liquid methods.

     The study included 50 women with genital health problems (18-50 years old) who were referred to the National Cancer Research Center (NCRC), the University of Baghdad, during the period from 1st April to 30st of September 2018. Both visual inspection of the uterine cervix and Papanicolaou smear were performed for all of the participants.

     The results showed that most patient women (96%) were married and sexually active, with 51% being married under 20 years of age .Visual inspection of the cervix showed that 30% of the women had translucent, opaque or erosion lesions. Upon cytology examination, 92% of the women showed nonspecific inflammation, 70% revealed reactive squamous metaplasia, 10% had Koilocytotic atypia, and 8% suffered from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) or low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL). Contraception was used by 82% of the patients, while 36% used pills. The causes of the referral to the centre were abnormal vaginal discharge (44%) and post-coital bleeding "and\or" dyspareunia (20% each). Lastly, 74% of the participants did not make this test previously. Liquid-based cytology technique outperformed conventional pap smears because of improved fixation, decreased impurities factors, and standardization of cell transfer.

    We conclude that routine screening and Pap smear testing for uterine cervix and vagina might be useful to prevent the occurrence of precancerous lesions in the genital system of sexually active women. We recommend to apply this test before and after treatment and to activate the cellular examination in the basal fluid method
Radioactivity of Some Soils in the University of Tikrit, Iraq, college of Education for Girls using Solid-State Nuclear Track Detector type CR-39
Authors: Mohammed Saleh Sarwa Abd Alqader
Published: June 2021

In this research radon concentrations in soil samples of some sites of the College of Education for Women, University of Tikrit, were measured using CR-39 nuclear impact detector. Soil samples were  prepared according to classical protocols whereby they were irradiated for a period of 65 days in propagation chambers chemically treated and subjected to optical microscopy to calculate nuclear effects. The results show differences in the concentrations of radon gas in the samples collected from different sites  ranging between a lowest value in the location of the department of English and a highest value of  in the location of the cafeteria of College compared to the radiation background of due to the geological factors that depend on the type and specifications of the soil, the amount of gases emitted from the soil, the amount of the emergence of radon from the granules of the soil and its spread through the pores of the soil to the outside.
Some Geometric Properties of Generalized Class of Meromorphic Functionsassocisted with Higher Ruscheweyh Derivatives
Authors: Jassim Kassim Abdul Hameed , Hussein Adnan Aziz
Published: June 2021

The applications of Ruscheweyh derivative are studied and discussed of class of meromorphic multivalent application. We get some interesting geometric properties, such as coefficient bound, Convex linear combination, growth and distortion bounds, radii of starlikenss ,  convexity and neighborhood property.
Dependent Element and Free Actions of Centralizer and Reverse Centralizer on Prime and Semiprime Semirings
Authors: Rasheed Maryam K. , Majeed Abdulrahman H.
Published: June 2021

This paper develops the work of Mary Florence et.al. on centralizer of semiprime semirings and presents reverse centralizer of semirings with several propositions and lemmas. Also introduces the notion of dependent element and free actions on semirings with some results of free action of centralizer and reverse centralizer on semiprime semirings and some another mappings.
Neutrophil Counts Help Predict Free Wall Rupture Following St-elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gong Wei , Li Siyi , Yan Yan , Ai Hui , Wang Xiao , Zhao Guanqi , Huang Xin , Gu Ruifeng , Nie Shaoping
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Free wall rupture (FWR) is a lethal complication after acute myocardial infarction; however, the un-derlying mechanisms of FWR are unclear. This study analyzes the relationship between neutrophil counts and FWR following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods: The case group was STEMI patients with FWR and the control group was STEMI patients without FWR (case-control ratio was 1:4). The demographic data, clinical manifestation and laboratory test results were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Results: Of a total of 6,712 consecutive STEMI patients, 78 patients (1.2%) had FWR. Compared with STEMI patients, patients with FWR were older and more likely to be female with an anterior infarct. White blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly higher in the FWR group. Moreover, we found that the elevated neutrophil counts mainly accounted for the elevated WBC counts. There was also a correlation between the age and neu-trophil counts (P=0.0109); as patient age increased, neutrophil counts decreased (P=0.0387). We also found no correlation between neutrophil counts and the time between myocardial infarction attack and FWR; however, when dividing these patients into FWR ≤48 h after admission to hospital for STEMI and FWR >48 h, there was a significant difference in neutrophil counts (P=0.0196). Furthermore, the results of logistic regression analy-sis showed that increased neutrophil was an independent risk factor for FWR (odds ratio: 2.404, confidence interval: 1.055-5.477).

Conclusion: Elevated neutrophil counts were found to be the main cause of differences in WBC counts be-tween FWR and STEMI. Elevated neutrophil was an independent risk factor for FWR. This study provided clues for further research and development of therapeutics for the prevention of FWR.
Editoriales independientes en Chile
Authors: Lacroix Pablo Ignacio
Published: June 2021

El presente documento elabora un campo de reflexión en torno a los significados involucrados en la acción simbólica, económica y sociocultural de las empresas editoriales independientes en la industria del libro en Chile. Se analiza la presencia de estos sellos desde una mirada crítica e histórica, desde la profundización de conceptos clave dentro del proceso de desarrollo editorial y su impacto en el medio cultural, la reflexión en torno a la acción y presencia de estos agentes editoriales en la industria, y la formulación de una propuesta que permita una definición que sostenga las particularidades, individuales y colectivas, que caracteriza a las editoriales independientes del país en la actualidad.    

 

 Palabras clave

Edición independiente, industria del libro, mercado editorial, edición literaria, Chile
Implementation and evaluation of a remote seminar on the pedagogical use of educational robotics
Authors:   1o Gymnasioum Syrou, ITYE DIOFANTUS, Syros 84100, Greece, Nikos Tzimopoulos , Petros Provelengios ,   Educational Coordinator, PDE South Aegean, Syros 84100, Greece, Maria Iosofidou ,   Primary School Poseidwnias, PDE South Aegean, Syros 84100, Greece
Published: June 2021

This article describes distance teacher training for educational robotics' pedagogical use, e.g., the planning, the implementation, and the evaluation by the teachers involved. The training seminars were organized as part of the Greek eTwinning community's seminars. They were based on a Teacher Practice Community of the South Aegean about using ICT in teaching practice. From 2018 we have included seminars on educational robotics. There is a growing interest in the use of educational robotics in teaching practice. Although the topic is such that face-to-face contact and experimentation with the subject is considered necessary, we tried to educate teachers using remote learning methodology. The project was successful, and the evaluation of the seminars was very positive.
CUSTO TOTAL DE PROPRIEDADE: O TRADE-OFF ENTRE COMPRAR OU ALUGAR A FROTA DE VEÍCULOS DA EMPRESA
Authors: Sousa Henrique Adriano de , Silva Rita De Cassia da , Shiguematu Maycoln Carrari , Voese Simone Bernardes
Published: June 2021

Ao realizar uma operação relacionada a compra de um patrimônio, o gestor deve determinar os custos associados à aquisição, manuseio e descarte incorridos no processo do início ao fim da sua vida útil, proporcionando segurança no momento da tomada de decisões. Para isso o Custo Total de Propriedade (TCO) é uma ferramenta que contribui no processo decisório. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o trade-off entre comprar ou alugar a frota de veículos utilizada nas operações comerciais de uma empresa do segmento industrial de segurança. Foi utilizada a estratégia documental com abordagem qualitativa, além de entrevistas em profundidade com gestores de frotas interno e externo a empresa e de locadora de veículos. Utilizou-se dois cenários com características equivalentes, um para compra e outro para locação dos veículos com recorte temporal de julho/2016 a junho/2019. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que, ao analisar por meio do TCO, a locação da frota tende a ser vantajosa em relação a aquisição com compra à vista, sendo que os aspectos econômicos do período contribuem para a oscilação dos custos. Verificou-se, também, que com o uso do TCO foi possível uma mudança no sistema operacional da empresa, devido a melhora nos resultados financeiros. O estudo contribui para a quebra de paradigmas de gestão, despertando nos gestores a busca por novas estratégias de gestão de custos, além de contribuir para a o desdobramento do TCO na literatura.
Environment as a sociocultural phenomenon
Authors: Popov Evgenii Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2021

This article is dedicated to consideration of the environment as a sociocultural phenomenon. Emphasis is placed on the trend of changing the attitude towards environment from technological to sociocultural. Examination of the environment in such paradigm allows reconsidering the phenomenon from axiological perspective, which transforms the attitude towards environment, at times fundamentally. The article employs the analysis of secondary data of the conducted applies research, as well as the expert survey of specialists from the three neighboring countries – Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. The following conclusions were formulated: the environment is perceived as universal and regional value that impacts the spiritual life of an individual and the society, thereby ensuring their spiritual security; 2) the adoption of managerial decisions in the environmental sphere should be associated with conceptualization of this phenomenon as sociocultural, which increases the degree of responsibility and importance of the environment for the intergenerational continuity of culture-bearers. The novelty of the work consists in substantiation of the need for paradigm shift in comprehension of the environment as a sociocultural phenomenon. The focus may move from the economic or ultimately ecological attitude towards environment to sociocultural.
The development of stemming algorithm for the Uzbek language
Authors: Bakaev Ilkhom Izatovich
Published: June 2021

The automatic processing of unstructured texts in natural languages is one of the relevant problems of computer analysis and text synthesis. Within this problem, the author singles out a task of text normalization, which usually suggests such processes as tokenization, stemming, and lemmatization. The existing stemming algorithms for the most part are oriented towards the synthetic languages with inflectional morphemes. The Uzbek language represents an example of agglutinative language, characterized by polysemanticity of affixal and auxiliary morphemes. Although the Uzbek language largely differs from, for example, English language, it is successfully processed by stemming algorithms. There are virtually no examples of effective implementation of stemming algorithms for the Uzbek language; therefore, this questions is the subject of scientific interest and defines the goal of this work. In the course of this research, the author solved the task of bringing the given texts in the Uzbek language to normal form, which on the preliminary stage were tokenized and cleared of stop words. To author developed the method of normalization of texts in the Uzbek language based on the stemming algorithm. The development of stemming algorithm employed hybrid approach with application of algorithmic method, lexicon of linguistic rules and database of the normal word forms of the Uzbek language. The precision of the proposed algorithm depends on the precision of tokenization algorithm. At the same time, the article did not explore the question of finding the roots of paired words separated by spaces, as this task is solved at the stage of tokenization. The algorithm can be integrated into various automated systems for machine translation, information extraction, data retrieval, etc.
Heráclito de Éfeso: sobre o sono, a vigília e a morte
Authors: Santana Juliana
Published: June 2021

Este artigo propõe um estudo sobre as relações do sono, da vigília e da morte com a alma e o com Lógos heraclítico. Conforme a teoria de Heráclito de Éfeso sobre o sono e a vigília, o homem está em contato com a morte quando dorme, pois o arder de sua alma-fogo se abranda. Assim, quem dorme se assemelha àquele que está morto, sendo o sono um estado intermediário entre a vida acordada e a morte. Para defender essa leitura dos fragmentos e para que a pesquisa fosse realizada, estabelecemos três momentos de pesquisa que buscaram elucidar a relação entre alma, Lógos, sono, vigília e morte. Em um primeiro momento, tentamos compreender o que Heráclito descreveu como sono, vigília e morte, bem como buscamos entender a relação entre eles. Em um segundo momento, foi preciso abordar os fragmentos sobre a alma propostos pelo filósofo em questão. Esse passo foi imprescindível à pesquisa proposta, pois revelou uma possível conexão do homem com o fogo constituinte de tudo e pudemos defender a ideia de que, para Heráclito, o homem é parte de um todo. A partir da descrição de uma alma-fogo, foi possível pensar, em um terceiro momento do texto, o que é o Lógos, tantas vezes e de tantos modos mencionado pelo filósofo. Esta reflexão foi feita para reforçar, por fim, o pensamento do efésio sobre as relações entre sono, vigília e morte como parte integrante de uma filosofia que une ideias a respeito da vida humana com as suas teorias acerca de tudo que existe.
As quatro Helenas de Estesícoro: A representação da heroína nos fragmentos de Helena, Palinódia(s), Saque de Troia e Retornos
Authors: Betini Paloma Flavio , Ragusa Giuliana
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo busca compreender a representação de Helena nos quatro poemas de Estesícoro de que nos restaram fragmentos e que mencionam ou se relacionam com a heroína. Uma vez que a poesia grega arcaica era uma “poesia de tradição”, tentaremos traçar diálogos plausíveis com obras anteriores ao poeta, procurando perceber possíveis inovações e continuidades, bem como captar prováveis ecos da poética estesicoreia em produções posteriores. Para isso, condensaremos informações testemunhais antigas sobre as canções, atentando aos episódios relacionados à personagem, e analisaremos cada fragmento à luz do contexto da “cultura da canção”, i.e., de um contexto performático em que o poema se destina sempre a um público e em dadas ocasião e maneira de apresentação. E buscaremos, quando possível, entender a ligação do fragmento com o restante da obra e as motivações do uso da imagem de Helena.
Bone tumors distribution in diagnostic and excisional biopsies
Authors: Almigdad Ahmad Khaled , Dagher Bara’ Zaid , Alwaqfi Ola Mohammad , Ghabashneh Mutaz Ahmad , Alfqaha Hamzeh Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Bone tumors are uncommon. Nevertheless, bone is a common site for metastasis. Due to limited data regarding bone tumors in Jordan, this study aims to understand better bone tumor epidemiology and distribution in the Jordanian population.

Methods:

A part of a retrospective, single-center study, all biopsy reports confirming the diagnosis of a bone tumor between January 2017 and December 2019 were abstracted from Princess Iman Research Center records. The patients’ age, gender, anatomical location, and histopathological type of the tumors were obtained and analyzed.

Results:

Two hundred eighty-four diagnostic and excisional biopsies were reviewed. Most of the patients (60.2%) were males. The mean age for the patients was 26.74(±16.29) years. Malignant bone tumors were diagnosed in 15.5%. The femur was the most common site of biopsy diagnosed tumor followed by the tibia.

Osteochondroma was the most commonly diagnosed benign tumor and accounted for 39.4%, followed by aneurysmal bone cysts (14.8%), and enchondroma (10.2%). The metastatic bone tumors were the most frequent malignant bone pathology (6.7%), while osteosarcoma was the most common primary sarcoma, diagnosed in 5.6% of the sample. Increasing age, pelvic, and spine location of bone tumors were found to be significantly associated with malignancy.

Conclusion:

In our 284 samples, osteochondromas were the most commonly diagnosed tumors (39.4%), followed by aneurysmal bone cysts (14.8%), and enchondromas (10.2%). Metastatic tumors were the most common malignant bone pathologies, while osteosarcomas were the most common primary bone sarcomas. Femur and tibia were the most common tumor-located sites. Breast and lung deposition were the most common metastasis primaries. Additionally, increasing age, pelvic, and spine-located bone tumors were significantly associated with malignancy.
Features of surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in young patients
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Lebedev Y.B. , Khudyakov A.Y. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Sorokin E.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Far Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To investigate the technical features and difficulties of performing vitreoretinal surgery in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) in young patients. Material and methods. 12 patients (12 eyes) aged 19 to 30 years, averaging 26±2 years. There were 4 men and 8 women. All patients had diabetes mellitus (DM) in childhood. The duration of type 1 diabetes ranged from 12 to 18 years. Results. Initially, 8 eyes showed combined retinal and peripapillary neovascularization with gliza on the vascular arcades. In 4 eyes, there was both diffuse hemophthalmos and preretinal clots of varying length and volume. In 8 eyes, dense adhesion of the altered posterior hyaloid membrane and the inner border membrane was revealed. In 4 eyes, vasoproliferative membranes were determined, which contributed to the development of traction effects on the retina. The most dangerous was the traction component on the macular retina. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of proliferative DR in young patients has a number of technical difficulties associated with the anatomical features of the macular interface and the features of the proliferative response to surgery. Noteworthy is the minimum time for the transition of DR to the proliferative stage. Key words: proliferative diabetic retinopathy, endovitreal surgery, type 1 diabetes mellitus.
The clinical significance of a controlled visual exercise regimen for the progression of school myopia
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Kashura О.I. , Li V.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Mazurina О.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Analysis of the dynamics of the progression of myopia with observance and non-observance of the rules of visual work in primary school students. Material and methods. There were 40 children under supervision. The age at initial treatment was 8-10 years. All children were diagnosed with acquired myopia of mild degree from 1.0 to 3.0 D upon treatment. The children were observed for three years. At the first visit, the child's parents were explained in detail the mechanisms of the onset of school myopia, in particular, they focused on two reasons – bowed head syndrome and infinity of visual work, taking into account the use of gadgets. Results. For the analysis, 2 observation groups were formed. 1st group – 20 children (40 eyes), who strictly adhered to the rules of visual work at close range. The 2 nd group of children (20 people, 40 eyes) continued, despite the doctor's recommendations, to adhere to their usual way of life. When analyzing the results of the examination in the 1 st group of children, it was found that over 3 years of observation, all children showed a tendency towards a slow progression of myopia. This was expressed in the annual increase in the length of the anteroposterior axis (APA) of the eye by an average of 0.2 mm, which corresponded to an increase in refraction by no more than 1.0 D. In patients of the 2 nd group, over 3 years of follow-up, there was a significant progression of myopia with an annual increase in the length of the APA of the eye by an average of 0.5 mm, which corresponded to an increase in refraction by 3.5 D. Conclusion. This analysis showed that there are simple, affordable, inexpensive, non-surgical, but effective ways to prevent the progression of myopia, which makes it possible to reduce the likelihood of a rapid progression of myopia by 2.5 times. Key words: progression of myopia, anteroposterior axis of the eye, refraction, school myopia, visual stress regime.
Results of medical work in 2020 of the Khabarovsk branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Kolenko O.V. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Egorov V.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Pshenichnov M.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Pryadko O.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Analysis of organization and results of medical work in the Khabarovsk branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution (Khabarovsk Branch) in the context of a pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2020. Material and methods. The analysis of regulatory documents adopted in the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk Krai, and orders of the Director of the Khabarovsk Branch to ensure epidemiological wellbeing in organization of treatment process was carried out. Results. The developed complex of anti-epidemic measures to ensure epidemiological wellbeing at provision of emergency and planned ophthalmological care to residents of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia made it possible in 100% of cases to fulfill the state task for the provision of high-tech medical care. The total volume of medical care for ophthalmological diseases in the Khabarovsk Branch as a whole decreased by 18,9%. It should be noted that the same trend was observed in all branches of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. Conclusion. Despite the problems that COVID-19 brought to work of the Khabarovsk Branch, it still fulfilled its mission, as defined by S. Fyodorov - to bring light and goodness to people living in the Far East of Russia. Key words: ophthalmology, medical work, hightech medical care, COVID 19, SARS-CoV-2, pandemic, organization of medical care, ocular emergency.
Arterial hypertension in ophthalmic surgical patients
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Pavlyushchenko L.V. , Filimonova E.E. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Esina M.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Analysis of the frequency and structure of arterial hypertension (AH) among ophthalmic surgical patients, assessment of the adequacy of prescribed antihypertensive therapy. Material and methods. Clinical material is presented by 157 patients with hypertension. Its structure was assessed. Its structure was assessed according to the stage, the degree of increase in the level of blood pressure (BP) and the category of cardiovascular risk. We analyzed the proportion of cases of uncontrolled hypertension, including those with a sudden pronounced individually significant increase in blood pressure without affecting target organs. Results. The prevalence of patients was stage III hypertension (62.4%), grade 3 hypertension (53.5%), with a very high and high risk of cardiovascular complications (73.2 and 20.4%, respectively). 93.6% of patients received antihypertensive therapy, but only 57.1% of them, mostly women (69.1%), regularly took medications and monitored their blood pressure. With a sudden pronounced individually significant increase in blood pressure, we used oral antihypertensive drugs – captopril and nifedipine, which made it possible to achieve a decrease in blood pressure and relief of clinical symptoms in all cases. Conclusion. 33.1% of patients had no hypertension control at the time of hospitalization. The proportion of patients with a sudden pronounced individually significant increase in blood pressure was 12.7%. Typical reasons for loss of control over hypertension were interruptions in taking antihypertensive drugs and high stress levels before surgery. The use of standard dosage captopril and nifedipine was effective in all cases. Key words: arterial hypertension, sudden pronounced individually significant increase in blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy.
Features of anesthesia during ophthalmic interventions in children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Stolyarov M.V. , Utkin S.I. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Bachinin E.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Ignatenko D.Y. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Khalfin R.N. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To study the frequency and severity of hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome in children planning to undergo ophthalmic surgery, to assess the adequacy of the anesthesia performed. Material and methods. The clinical material was selected by the method of continuous sampling from 4 637 children. Of these, two age groups were formed. The 1st group consisted of 220 children under the age of 6 years, to whom the induction of anesthesia was carried out with the drug «Sevoran». Group 2 included 56 older children (from 7 to 17 years old), who received anesthesia induction with propofol or sodium thiopental. Both groups were comparable in terms of the severity of the hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome. Results. Throughout the entire operating period, no complications arose in any case. Within 1–3 hours after waking up, 32 children of the 1st group and 6 children of the 2nd group complained of an isolated headache. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed in 22 children of the 1st group and 6 children of the 2nd group. In 30% of cases in children of the 1st group, postoperative reactions were expressed by aggressive behavior, disorientation in place and time, violation of behavioral reactions. In group 2, such reactions were detected only in 10% of cases. All negative manifestations were arrested by parenteral administration of midazolam at a dose of 3–5 mg. Conclusion. For the induction of anesthesia in young children with the presence of hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome, the optimal use of the drug «Sevoran». The drugs of choice for anesthesia in children over 6 years of age are propofol and sodium thiopental. The use of artificial ventilation in a moderate hyperventilation mode avoids an increase in intracranial pressure. Adequate analgesia avoids many adverse reactions. Keywords: hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome, general inhalation anesthesia, ophthalmic surgery.
Choosing optimal anesthetic and method of general anesthesia for laser surgery retinopathy of prematurity
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Utkin S.I. , Stolyarov M.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Ignatenko D.Y. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Bachinin E.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Khalfin R.N. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Comparative analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of inhalational general anesthesia (GA) with halothane and sevoflurane in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) during laser coagulation (LC) of the avascular retina. Material and methods. The clinical material included 284 children who underwent laser surgery of ROP in the period from 2008 to 2017 (method of continuous sampling). Introduction to anesthesia and maintenance of anesthesia was performed by inhalation of anesthetic (halothane or sevoflurane) with O2 using face mask and Mapleson breathing circuit. Two groups were formed: in the 1st group (167 people) halothane was used at anesthetic at oxygen concentration of 0.3 vol%, in the 2nd group (117 people) – sevoflurane at concentration of 1–1.5 vol%. Results. In case of GA with halothane in children of the 1st group, in 68 children (40.7%) developed negative reactions during anesthesia in the form of of respiratory depression, in several cases – up to pronounced bradypnea, bradycardia, prolonged awakening after surgery. In the 2nd group with GA with sevoflurane, negative reactions in the form of moderate bradycardia and bradypnea were observed only in 14 children (11.9%). All complications and reactions were promptly eliminated in all cases. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, the optimal inhalation anesthetic for LC of retina in premature infants is sevoflurane in low concentrations (at the sedation level) using the Mapleson breathing circuit and face mask. With this method of anesthesia, the frequency of side effects of sevoflurane, negative reactions during anesthesia and the degree of their severity are extremely low. Key words: premature infants, retinopathy of premature, sevoflurane, general anesthesia, laser coagulation of the retina.
New method of salvage retinoblastoma treatment
Authors:   The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine, Bobrova N.F. , Sorochinskaya T.A. ,   The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine, Tronina S.A. ,   The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine, Bratishko A.Y. ,   The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Elaboration of the new method of salvage retinoblastoma (RB) treatment, combining local and systemic chemotherapy. Material and methods. Salvage treatment using the new method was carried out in 71 children aged 2 months – 7 years on 102 eyes with RB in T1–T3 stages. At the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmopathology of SI «The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of NAMS of Ukraine» the method of combined polychemotherapy (CPCT) was developed in 2010: primary IViC – injection of 0,01 µg (0,1 µg) Melphalan through pars plana; a course of CEV-protocol (drugs combination: Carboplatin + Etoposide Phosphate + Vincristine Sulfate) chemoreduction the next day after injection; monitoring the state of the tumor with repeated courses of SPHT every 3 weeks; addition of CPCT by focal destruction methods according to indications. In order to increase the ablasticity of IVi injections, we have developed the antireflux method of their implementation: to reduce IOP the diuretic injection is preliminarily performed in age-related dosage; puncture of the conjunctiva at the distance of 1–1,5 mm from the intended sclera puncture and its displacement above the IVi injection site; puncture of the sclera with obliquely perpendicular injection channel formation; IViC by cytostatic Melphalan in a volume of 0,1 ml in various dilutions depending on the indications; in repeated IViC – in different meridians; removing the needle with one-step tamponade of the injection site by cotton swab, antibiotic solution injecting under the conjunctiva with roller formation. Results. Ten-year experience of using the developed algorithm of salvage RB treatment by combined polychemotherapy, based on primary intravitreal melphalan chemotherapy (using the proposed antireflux injection method) with simultaneous systemic chemoreduction, proves its safety and effectivity – 77.5% regression of the tumors. Conclusion. Simultaneous action on the tumor of various cytostatics – one (melphalan) intraocular directly on the tumor and its vitreal clones, others – (carboplatin, etoposide, vincristine) – from the peripheral blood – creates the effect of «double blow» on RB cells. Key words: retinoblastoma, salvage treatment, combined polychemotherapy.
Evaluation of effectiveness of a new combined method of treatment of primary progressive pterygium
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Bochkareva A.N. , Egorov V.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Kolenko O.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Smoliakova G.P. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Banshchikov P.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the combined method in the surgical treatment of pterygium. Material and methods. There were 30 patients (30 eyes) under observation for primary progressive pterygium. To assess the condition of the ocular surface and the functional effectiveness of the new combined method of treating pterygium, the patients were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 15 patients (15 eyes) who underwent surgical treatment of the pterygium according to the developed method. The comparison group consisted of 15 patients (15 eyes), who underwent pterygium removal using standard technology. Standard ophthalmological examination included: visometry, autorefractokeratometry, biomicroscopy with fluorescence test. The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment were: maximally corrected visual acuity; the degree of corneal astigmatism; the presence and degree of turbidity in the operation area; the frequency of relapse. Results. The use of the proposed method of combined treatment of pterygium, including surgical removal with plasty of the amnion in the zone of initial growth in combination with ultraviolet irradiation of the de-epithelialized corneal bed in the postoperative period, leads to the restoration of transparency and the correct shape of the cornea, therefore, and minimization of induced astigmatism, which is accompanied by an increase in functional parameters eyes. Conclusion. The results obtained, the simplicity and availability of the method developed by us allow us to recommend it for wider use in the surgical treatment of pterygium in order to increase the functional, cosmetic effect, surgical rehabilitation and prevention of disease recurrence. Key words: pterygium, combined treatment, visual acuity, ultraviolet irradiation.
Clinical case of conservative treatment of choroid detachment that developed in the long term after phacoemulsification of age-related cataract
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Bai Lina
Published: June 2021

A clinical case of successful conservative treatment of choroidal detachment (CD), which developed in the long term after phacoemulsification of age-related cataract (PEC), is presented. The patient underwent PEC of the left eye 3 months ago with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens, while an antiglaucoma operation was performed a year earlier. The patient was canceled the hypotensive regimen and conservative treatment was prescribed – instillation of Midrimax drops (Phenylephrine 5.0% + Tropicamide 0.8%) 2 times a day, Dexamethasone 0.1% – 4 times a day, subconjunctival injections of 2 mg Dexamethasone and 0.1 ml of 0.1% solution of Atropine sulfate. The prescribed conservative treatment made it possible to arrest the CD in the pseudophakic eye, which arose in the late postoperative period, and made it possible to avoid the need for posterior sclerectomy. Key words: choroid detachment, phacoemulsification of age-related cataract, conservative treatment.
Modern methods for assessing morphometric and functional indicators in primary glaucoma
Authors:   “Medical Line MITSAR” Ltd, Blagoveshchensk, Russian Federation, Sharvadze N.R. , Shtilerman A.L. ,   Amur State Medical Academy, Blagoveshchensk, Russian Federation, Skachkov D.P. ,   “Medical Line MITSAR” Ltd, Blagoveshchensk, Russian Federation, Drovnyak Y.A. ,   “Medical Line MITSAR” Ltd, Blagoveshchensk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

In the article are presented analytical review of scientific articles devoted to the study of modern methods of diagnostics of primary glaucoma. On the basis of scientific articles, a review material was collected and systematized on diagnostic methods for studying morphometric and functional changes in primary glaucoma, which are used in modern ophthalmic practice. In recent years, the improvement and implementation of new high-tech modern diagnostic methods open up new opportunities for researchers and clinicians. Optical coherence tomography, OCT angiography, static perimetry make it possible, by comparing morphometric and functional parameters, to give a more complete, comprehensive assessment of pathological changes in the optic nerve head, in the macular region and at the level of the choriocapillaries. Prevention of glaucoma blindness largely depends on its early diagnosis based on the use of modern organizational and medical technologies. Key words: glaucoma, open-angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, diagnostic methods.
Concise Review: How are Red Blood Cells Born, How do they Live and Die?
Authors:   Emeritus Professor, Red Blood Cell Pathology and Hematopoietic Disorders (Rare Anaemias Unit), Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain, J-L Vives Corrons , LB Casafont ,   Professor (ret.), Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, EF Frasnedo ,   Emeritus Professor, Josep Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
Published: June 2021

The average life cycle of a human RBC is approximately 120 days. Generally, by this point, the cell is worn out and damaged. RBCs pass through both the spleen and liver, where specialized immune cells called macrophages are found. Macrophages recognize when an RBC is spent, and undergo a process called phagocytosis where they digest the cell. In this process, the iron in hemoglobin is recycled for use in new blood cells and the hem molecule is degraded, conjugated to bilirubin, and eliminated from the body. All the other cellular proteins are either recycled or eliminated. Historically, this process was thought to occur exclusively in the spleen, but recent studies have shown that it occurs in the bone marrow .The RBC has been analyzed from many perspectives: cytological, hematological, and immunological, as well as from the focus of molecular biology, biophysics, and mathematics. Here we analyze how are red blood cells born and how they live and die in a brief overview of the whole process with special mention of the morphological aspects from bone marrow and spleen provided by Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy.
A Case of Necrotizing Fasciitis due to Group G Streptococcus with Amputation Avoided of the Affected Limb
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, K Hirayama , T Kuroshima ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, M Okada ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, M Nakayama ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, E Miyano ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, Y Horikoshi ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, D Kawata ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, S Takauji ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, N Kokita ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, S Fujita ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, M Sugawara ,   Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, K Hayashi ,   Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan, AI Yamamoto ,   Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
Published: June 2021

Group G Streptococcus (GGS) causes toxic shock syndrome. Its incidence has been increasing in the elderly in recent years. The case is a female patient in her 60s, with rheumatoid arthritis, who developed necrotizing fasciitis in her right thigh. We administered antibacterial agents and debridement frequently at an early stage, followed by aggressive high-protein enteral nutrition and multidisciplinary treatment. During the course of treatment, the patient’s general condition temporarily deteriorated because of fecal contamination. We considered amputation of the lower limb and implantation of a stoma, but finally succeeded in preserving the limb by performing two skin grafts. The patient was able to walk and was discharged on day 66. GGS infection is a risk factor for elderly patients with underlying diseases such as malignancy or immunocompromised states. When necrotizing fasciitis due to fulminant streptococcal infection develops in a proximal limb, amputation of the limb is often necessary to save the patient’s life. In this case, a fulminant GGS infection developed in an immunocompromised patient with active rheumatoid arthritis. Although the risk of limb amputation was high, multidisciplinary treatment enabled functional preservation of the affected limb.