bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Integrated Processing Technology of Primary Processing for Asparagi Radix by HPLC-CAD Combined with the Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Zhang Ju , Wang Bing , Zhu Guanglin , Feng Guo , Li Wei , Su Hongmei , Wang Wenjing , Yu Xie-an , Song Xueli , He Zhengyan
Published: September 2023

Background

Asparagi Radix (AR) is one of the widely used Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) for clinical applications, owning the effects of clearing the lungs and promoting body fluid, nourishing yin, and moistening the lung. To reduce the loss of active ingredients and improve production efficiency, the integrated processing technology of primary processing was used to obtain the decoction pieces of AR. However, there are no specific processing methods and index ingredients of AR in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition).

Materials and Methods

This study aimed to establish a method of content determination of protodioscin and asparagine by high-performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD) as the index of process optimization. Furthermore, Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the integrated processing technology of primary processing.

Results

The result showed the contents of protodioscin and asparagine could reach 0.2678% and 0.4114%, respectively, both above the traditional process. After verification, the actual value (99.56) and predicted value (101.15) were similar, indicating that the integrated technology was feasible. In particular, the optimized process parameters of boiling time, drying time, and temperature were 25 min, 12 h, and 60°C, respectively.

Conclusion

In summary, these research findings may provide a reference for the primary processing and quality control of AR.
Post-Traumatic Growth and Self-Compassion Level in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Arpacı Rabia , Tanriverdi Derya
Published: September 2023

The hemodialysis process can lead to positive psychological changes in patients as they cope with physical and psychosocial stress factors. Understanding post-traumatic growth and factors that may be associated is essential to increasing the likelihood of achieving positive changes in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between post-traumatic growth and self-compassion levels in hemodialysis patients. The study was conducted with 83 hemodialysis patients. Data were collected using “Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Form,” “Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory,” “Self-Compassion Scale.” Post-traumatic growth levels of hemodialysis patients were found to be moderate. The self-compassion levels of hemodialysis patients were found to be high. A statistically significant difference was found between gender, educational status, economic status, and self-compassion mean scores ( p < .05). However, no statistically significant correlation was found between post-traumatic growth and self-compassion ( p > .05). Further research is needed to explore the potential correlation between self-compassion and post-traumatic growth in hemodialysis patients.
Using Small Group Collaborative Discussions to Promote Inclusion of International Students in a Law School in the United States
Authors: Yusoff-Peters Wirdani
Published: September 2023

Notable studies have indicated that international students exhibit high-stress levels, identity issues, and social consciousness due to adjustment issues in a foreign land. This research addresses the matter by suggesting the adoption of small group collaborative discussions (“SGCD”) to ensure inclusive education among international students in a law school to enhance socialization, preserve cultural identity, and improve mental well-being. It explores how using SGCD is a practical approach to promoting inclusive education for international students in a law school and uses action research to determine the suitability of the approach.
Managing opioids and mitigating opioid risks in patients with cancer: An environmental scan of the attitudes, confidence, and practices of ambulatory, community and hospital pharmacists practicing in Canada
Authors: MacNeil Erin , Lau Jenny , Tedesco Alissa , Babaei-Rad Roshina , Hutton Lauren
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Canada is in the midst of an overdose crisis. The use of prescription opioids in Canada has increased steadily over the past two decades, with stark increases in opioid-induced respiratory depression and related deaths. Opioids are the mainstay of treatment for cancer-related pain. Patients with cancer are not immune to the risks associated with opioid use but are underrepresented in available literature outlining risk mitigation strategies. Pharmacists are ideally placed to employ opioid risk mitigation practices to support safe and effective opioid use for patients with cancer-related pain. However, the current attitudes, confidence, and safety practices of pharmacists around how to best support these patients are not known.

Methods

This study was a descriptive environmental scan of pharmacists who provide direct patient care in Canada. An electronic questionnaire was built using the web based Opinio software. It was distributed via email by several provincial and national pharmacy organizations and online platforms. The questionnaire consisted of Likert-scale and open-ended questions and was open to participants for a 6-week period from February 12th to March 23rd, 2020. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.

Results

Eighty-one responses from pharmacists in nine provinces were included in the analysis. Respondents endorsed limited and varied practices when caring for patients receiving opioids for cancer-related pain. Further, they demonstrated wide ranging confidence and attitudes regarding opioid risk mitigation practices and beliefs. Less than 50% of pharmacists were aware of resources available for their patients with non-medical opioid use, and/or patients at high risk of opioid-induced respiratory depression. Education, resources, and communication were the most commonly reported perceived facilitators and barriers to resource use.

Conclusions

Pharmacists in Canada report employing opioid risk mitigation practices with low and varied frequency when caring for patients receiving opioids for cancer-related pain. They endorsed varied confidence and limited awareness of available provider and patient resources. These findings may help inform the development of new education models and evidence-based guidelines. New education models and evidence-based guidelines will support pharmacists in their pharmaceutical care of this vulnerable patient population, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes.
First They Came for Us All: Responding to Anti-Transgender Structural Violence With Collective, Community-Engaged, and Intersectional Health Equity Research and Advocacy
Authors: Thompson Hale M. , Wang Timothy M. , Talan Ali J. , Baker Kellan E. , Restar Arjee J.
Published: September 2023

This article is a call for collective action across health equity researchers and advocates to build a more just world. We attempt to make sense of senseless structural and interpersonal brutality in the context of the current political climate across the United States, whereby the spectrum of gender nonconformity has been and continues to be stigmatized. From drag performance to transgender identities to gender-affirming health care, extremists have instrumentalized primary levers of democracy—the courts, legislatures, and social media—to attempt to outlaw and eradicate gender expansiveness and those who provide forms of support and care, including gender-affirming medical care, to transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive (TNBGE) individuals.
Glyoxal
Authors: Becker Lillian C. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: September 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed information that has become available since their year 2000 assessment, along with updated information regarding product types, and frequency and concentrations of use, and reaffirmed their original conclusion that Glyoxal is safe for use in products intended to be applied to the nail at concentrations ≤1.25% and that the available data are insufficient to support the safety for other uses.
Toluidine blue 1% eye drop versus optical coherence tomography for margin delimitation of ocular surface squamous neoplasia
Authors: Ferraz Flávia Benchimol , Castelo Branco Ana Marisa Pires , da Cruz Luiz Guilherme Ito , Fernandes Bruno F. , Morales Melina Correia , Neto Rubens Belfort , Fernandes Arthur Gustavo
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To compare the use of toluidine blue 1% eye drops with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the determination of tumour margins in patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Methods

The study was conducted from July 2020 to June 2021 at the Ocular Oncology department at the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. Slit-lamp photographs after toluidine blue staining and OCT of the anterior segment were taken on the same day from patients with OSSN. Photographs and OCT images were analyzed quantitatively using the software ImageJ and IMAGEnet®, respectively. The agreement between techniques was evaluated qualitatively through the Bland-Altman graph and quantitatively through intraclass correlation (ICC).

Results

A total of 21 participants (71.43% males) with a clinical diagnosis of OSSN were included in the study. The average + SD diameter along the chosen axes was 4.43 ± 2.08 mm with OCT of 4.37 ± 2.03 mm with toluidine blue, a difference not statistically significant (p = 0.2891). The Bland-Altman analysis indicated a good qualitative agreement between the methods, with all cases inserted within the limits of agreement from −0.3217 to 0.4268. The ICC quantitative analysis showed an almost perfect agreement of 99.57% (95%CI: 98.96–99.83%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings showed that OCT and toluidine eye drops are equivalent in determining margins for tumour measurements, which is particularly relevant in low-income settings where anterior segment OCT is not available. The use of toluidine blue 1% could be an useful alternative to quantify the size of the tumour, help to monitor tumour growth, and outline margins for surgical planning.
Epiretinal neovascular membrane in Macular Telangiectasia type 2: Multimodal imaging diagnosis
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Carmen Antía , Morwani Rahul , Arias Luis
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To characterize an epiretinal neovascular membrane (ERNM) through multimodal imaging in the context of a patient with Macular Telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) and ipsilateral concomitant ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS).

Methods

Case report, with ultra-wide field (UWF) retinography, fluorescein angiography (FA), swept source optical coherence tomography (ss-OCT), and OCT-angiography (OCTA). Written informed consent for patient information and images to be published was provided by the patient. Approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital was obtained for publication.

Case report

Yearly follow up of a 51 year-old-female patient with advanced bilateral MacTel showed new punctate hemorrhages in all four quadrants of her right eye (OD). OCTA showed an ERNM in the superficial capillary plexus of the same eye and FA confirmed the ERNM and demonstrated peripheral ischemia. Carotid ultrasound was performed and complete right carotid artery occlusion was confirmed. These findings allowed the diagnosis of an ERNM associated with Mactel and OIS.

Conclusions

Interestingly, this case shows an ERNM diagnosed by multimodal imaging in a patient with advanced MacTel and a concomitant OIS. Mactel is a neurodegenerative disease which in its neovascular stage has been associated with macular neovascular membranes, but also ERNM have recently been described by OCTA.
Logic modelling as hermeneutic praxis: Bringing knowledge systems into view during comprehensive primary health care planning for homelessness in Australia
Authors: Foley Kristen , Freeman Toby , Wood Lisa , Flavel Joanne , Parry Yvonne , Baum Fran
Published: September 2023

Logic modelling is used widely in health promotion planning for complex health and social problems. It is often undertaken collaboratively with stakeholders across sectors that hold and enact different institutional approaches. We use hermeneutic philosophy to explore how knowledge is ‘lived’ by – and unfolds differently for – cross-sectoral stakeholders during comprehensive primary healthcare service planning. An Organisational Action Research partnership was established with a non-government organisation designing comprehensive primary health care for individuals experiencing homelessness in Adelaide, Australia. Grey literature, stakeholder input, academic feedback, a targeted literature review and evidence synthesis were integrated in iterative cycles to inform and refine the logic model. Diverse knowledge systems are active when cross-sectoral stakeholders collaborate on logic models for comprehensive primary health care planning. Considering logic modelling as a hermeneutic praxis helps to foreground and explore these differences. In our case, divergent ideas emerged in how health/wellbeing and trust were conceptualised; language had different meanings across sectors; and the outcomes and data sought were nuanced for various collaborators. We explicate these methodological insights and also contribute our evidence-informed, collaboratively-derived model for design of a comprehensive primary health care service with populations experiencing homelessness. We outline the value of considering cross-sectoral logic modelling as hermeneutic praxis. Engaging with points of difference in cross-sectoral knowledge systems can strengthen logic modelling processes, partnerships and potential outcomes for complex and comprehensive primary health care services.
Experimental study on the shear resistance of steel-wood composite member based on glue and bolt connection
Authors: Li Genfeng , Wang Gang , Zhao Caiqi , Chen Qiaosheng
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the shear connection performance of steel-wood composite members, using both experimental research and numerical analysis. The experimental investigation explores the impact of glue length and thickness on the performance of the glue connection, while also examining the effects of bolt spacing, bolt number, and bolt diameter on the performance of the bolt connection. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted to assess the performance differences among different types of connections, namely glue connection, bolt connection, and composite connection. Subsequently, a numerical analysis model is developed and validated by comparing it with the experimental results. The numerical analysis verifies the shear transfer mechanism of interfaces with various connection modes. Building upon the understanding of the shear transfer mechanism, an equation is derived to calculate the shear bearing capacity of the interface. The validity of this equation is demonstrated through the test results. The findings presented in this paper establish a robust theoretical foundation for future research, development, and engineering applications related to steel-wood composite members.
Hysteresis shear-slip model of PBL shear connectors under cyclic loading
Authors: Deng Kailai , Wang Yuechen , Zhu Shengchun , Zhao Canhui , Li Zhixiang , Yuan Xing
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a hysteresis model for the perfobond rib shear connector (known as a PBL shear connector) to decrease its mechanical behavior under cyclic loading. A total of 12 PBL shear connector specimens were designed with variable dimensions. The hysteresis curves of all specimens were obtained under cyclic displacement. On the basis of the results, a four-line skeleton curve is developed to reproduce the skeleton curve. Equations for calculating the featured shear resistances and slippages are then proposed, and energy-based cyclic deteriorations are adopted. Four types of deteriorations are specified: fundamental strength; post-peak strength; unloading stiffness; and accelerated reloading slip. Double friction-slip axes are developed to reproduce the pinching effect. According to a comparison of the calculated and tested results, the proposed model can reproduce the hysteresis model of PBL shear connectors under cyclic loading.
Using the Triangle of Human Ecology for understanding self-rated depression: a quantitative study based on the HUNT 3 cohort
Authors: Nielsen Anja F. , Jørgensen Stig H. , Jones Andrew P.
Published: September 2023

Aims:

To test the Triangle of Human Ecology by examining associations between unipolar depression and different measures of human biological factors, health behaviour, and the physical environment.

Methods:

Data originate from the third wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (2006–2008). The survey was based on a random sample of 50,000 Norwegians (response rate: 54%). Logistic regression was performed, using unipolar depression, measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score, as outcome variable and 38 explanatory variables.

Results:

Biological factors including older age and male gender were associated with higher odds of depression, as were behavioural factors including drinking behaviour and having a neurotic personality. Reduced odds were associated with units of alcohol consumed, extrovert personality and physical activity. Social networks were an environmental factor with reduced odds at both personal and neighbourhood levels, as was warmer outdoor temperatures.

Conclusions:

Using the Triangle of Human Ecology provides a holistic insight into how behaviour, biology and the environment influence mental health.
Going cyberpunk: Conceptualizing the smart(er) artificially intelligent firearm for policing's Utopian future
Authors: Chowdhury Mehzeb
Published: September 2023

As policing develops into a more professional, evidence-driven and technical endeavour, heightened public concern regarding organizational competence and police culture-related fallacies have become augmented, especially in the case of officer-involved shootings. Introduction of body-worn cameras, increased CCTV coverage, vehicle dashcams and the advent of social media, have provided avenues for investigation into misconduct, but institutional and individual failings such as racism, sexism and other forms of discrimination remain a concern. Technical innovations like smart guns, smart targeting and programmable projectiles have instigated conversations about traditional firearms and whether alternatives using cutting-edge technology could address some of these shortcomings. This article examines existing policing technologies, providing an overview of advanced computational and sensor systems, the risks and dangers of these mechanisms, as well as their potential benefits and drawbacks. It conceptualizes whether existing technologies can be transformed into a smarter, more efficient firearm, powered by artificial intelligence (AI). The premise of the AI-assisted firearm being the promise of a future in which unwanted outcomes in officer/citizen encounters can be counteracted through AI assisting in better decision-making. The article considers hardware and software, policy issues, associated risks and potential advantages of the firearms system, providing a wider perspective on the increasing use of computational technologies in policing practice, and highlighting areas for further research and discussion.
Reassembling operative policing: The introduction of drones in the Norwegian police
Authors: Lundgaard Jenny Maria
Published: September 2023

Drones are increasingly being used in various areas of society, including in the police. The drone and its sensors make it possible to collect live images of people, places and situations that are otherwise unavailable or hard to reach. Adding to the already complex assemblage of operative policing, what happens to policing when drones are introduced? Drones provide new forms of information to the police, connecting areas that were previously disconnected, and disconnecting what was previously connected. Recently, a small one-year trial with drones was carried out by the Norwegian Police Service, resulting in drones becoming a permanent fixture in the force. Data for this article were collected through approximately 380 h of ethnographic fieldwork during the trial period. This article explores how drones establish new assemblages within police practices and thus work as reassemblers of operative policing. The technology forms new entities and connections on multiple levels within policing, thus also constructing new dilemmas, as the drone can act both as a problem-solver and a troublemaker.
Proposing a novel fuzzy control algorithm for automotive active stabilizer bars based on views of roll stability and ride comfort
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh
Published: September 2023

Using stabilizer bars in cars to limit rollover is a necessity applied to many vehicles today. In this article, the author proposes using a new fuzzy method to control the hydraulic stabilizer bars. Previous studies only focused on improving the roll stability of cars, while this article focuses on ensuring both the roll stability and ride comfort of the vehicle, which is considered the new contribution of the article. Vehicle oscillations are described through a complex nonlinear dynamic model. The MATLAB® application performs the simulation with two specific cases, including fish-hook steering and J-turn steering. According to the findings of this research, the roll angle value is significantly reduced when using active stabilizer bars directed by the novel algorithm. In addition, the risk of the rollover was also strongly reduced for both simulations (there are four-speed thresholds used in each case). For the first case, rollover does not occur when the car utilizes active stabilizer bars, even when travelling at v4 = 100 (km/h). In the other case, the rollover occurs only for the Active situation when travelling at a very high speed. In contrast, this phenomenon occurs in the None situation at v1 and the Passive situation at v2. The results found from this work help to evaluate the performance of the fuzzy control algorithm for active stabilizer bars.
Independence or a federation? Perceived discrimination as an antecedent of Anglophone Cameroonians’ attitude towards the form of state
Authors: Nshom Elvis , Mkong Immaculate , Elonge Kwoh , Agha Isidore
Published: September 2023

Since 2016, the Central African country of Cameroon has been experiencing the worst conflict and humanitarian crisis in its history over the systematic marginalization and discrimination of Anglophones and a change in the form of state. This study sets out to explore Anglophone’s perception of discrimination, their attitudes towards the form of state (federation and independence), and the extent to which the perception of discrimination predicts attitudes towards the form of state. In a sample of 314 Anglophones, results showed that attitudes towards the form of state were mixed as there was no significant difference between support for independence and support for a federation. In addition, results indicated that the perception of discrimination among Anglophones was significantly high. Lastly, while controlling for the effect of age, level of education, and economic status, the results showed that the perception of discrimination was significantly related to support for independence but not support for a federation. Implications and avenues for further research are discussed as well.
Regional Anesthesia for Wrist Fractures and Dislocations: Are We Really Blocking Opioid Prescribing?
Authors: Moran Thomas E. , Wagner Ryan D. , Grogan Graham , Taleghani Eric R. , DeGeorge Jr Brent R.
Published: September 2023

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of regional anesthesia for the treatment of wrist fractures or dislocation on opioid prescription-filling patterns.

Methods:

Patients undergoing surgery for hand and wrist fractures or dislocations from 2010 to 2018 were identified by using a national insurance claims database. Patients were stratified by procedures conducted with and without regional anesthesia. Preoperative opioids were defined by a filled opioid prescription within 1 month prior to surgery, postoperative within 1 month following the surgery, and prolonged postoperative 3 to 6 months following surgery. Patients’ demographic data, comorbidities, additional medications, 30-day emergency department (ED) visits, and hospital readmissions were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 24 598 patients treated with and 115 199 patients treated without a regional nerve block for wrist fractures and dislocations were identified. Regional anesthesia was associated with greater postoperative opioid prescription but fewer prolonged postoperative prescriptions. There was an increased odds of all-cause 30-day ED visits but a decreased odds of 30-day hospital readmissions when patients received a regional nerve block prior to surgery.

Conclusions:

In this study, receiving regional anesthesia prior to surgical intervention for wrist fractures or dislocations was associated with increased filling of postoperative opioid prescriptions, but not prolonged postoperative opioid prescriptions. Additional investigation is needed to identify and implement nonnarcotic multimodal analgesia regimens that may help decrease usage of narcotic medications surrounding these procedures.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Google Search Analytics for Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Dubin Jeremy , Sudah Suleiman Y. , Moverman Michael A. , Pagani Nicholas R. , Puzzitiello Richard N. , Menendez Mariano E. , Guss Michael S.
Published: September 2023

Background:

The use of online search engines for health information is becoming common practice. We analyzed Google search queries to identify the most frequently asked topics and questions related to lateral epicondylitis (“tennis elbow”) and the Web sites provided to address these questions.

Methods:

Four search terms for lateral epicondylitis were entered into Google Web Search. A list of the most frequently asked questions along with their associated Web sites was extracted and categorized by 2 independent reviewers.

Results:

A total of 400 questions were extracted with 168 associated Web sites. The most popular question topics were related to indications/management (39.0%), risks/complications (19.5%), and the ability to perform specific activities (18.8%). Frequently asked questions had to do with the duration of symptoms, self-management strategies (eg, brace use and self-massage), and the indications for surgery. The most common Web sites provided to address these questions were social media (27.5%), commercial (24.5%), academic (16.5%), and medical practice (16.3%).

Conclusion:

The most frequently asked questions about lateral epicondylitis on Google centered around symptom duration and management, with most information originating from social media and commercial Web sites. Our data can be used to anticipate patient concerns and set expectations regarding the prognosis and management of lateral epicondylitis.
A favourable suture method for size-mismatched nerve transfer: a case series of intercostal-to-musculocutaneous nerve transfer for brachial plexus injury
Authors: Iwabuchi Sho , Hara Yuki , Yoshii Yuichi , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: September 2023

We review a nerve suture method for size-mismatched nerve transfers and report a case series involving patients with brachial plexus injury who underwent intercostal-to-musculocutaneous nerve transfer using this method.
Neurovascular injury from supracondylar fractures in children: a 10-year experience of 762 cases
Authors: Joyce Kenneth M. , Dony Alna , Whitehouse Harry , Foster Patrick , Bhat Waseem , Bains Robert , Bourke Grainne
Published: September 2023

We evaluated the management of supracondylar paediatric fractures at our institution over a 10-year period in this retrospective cohort study. In total, 762 children with a supracondylar fracture were treated. The mean age of injury was 5.2 years. The incidence of documented nerve and/or vascular injury was 8.3%. A total of 26 patients had early plastic surgeon involvement; of these, 25 had an open exploration. Eight patients required vein grafting for brachial artery reconstruction for intimal tears. There was one nerve rupture requiring repair and 12 children underwent neurolysis. There were 17 late referrals to the plastic surgery service, of which three were explored (two neurolysis, one neuroma resection and sural nerve grafting). In all cases of nerve injury, the deficit took 7.9 months to recover, indicating a more significant injury than neurapraxia. Early exploration of supracondylar fractures allows direct visualization of the extent of neurovascular injury and immediate intervention.

Level of evidence: IV
Blinding lights: Acute persistent vision loss in pregnancy
Authors: Leung Marie , Ostrovski Ilia , Peng-Franklin Melin , Wyne Ahraaz
Published: September 2023

Acute persistent vision loss in pregnancy is an emergent presentation with a broad differential and should prompt rapid assessment and treatment of the underlying etiology. In pregnancy, causes can include preeclampsia, severe gestational hypertension, and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Nonobstetrically related etiologies that can exacerbate in pregnancy include optic neuritis, giant cell arteritis, central retinal artery occlusion, or retinal detachment. In this case report, we describe a case of acute vision loss due to Purtscher's-like retinopathy, a rare but serious complication of pancreatitis in pregnancy. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of Purtscher's-like retinopathy in pregnancy unrelated to preeclampsia. Given the impact of permanent visual loss associated with Purtscher's-like retinopathy, more research is needed to determine treatments to substantively improve outcomes.
Competency assessment tools for infection preventionists: A scoping review
Authors: da Silva Felix Adriana M , Pereira Erica G , Padoveze Maria Clara
Published: September 2023

Background

Infection prevention competencies are critical for successful job performance, career progression and robust performance of infection prevention and control programs.

Aim/objective

Identify competency assessment tools available to infection preventionists and describe their characteristics, validation processes and reliability.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted on five databases and grey literature from 1999 to 2022. A descriptive synthesis approach was undertaken to analyse the data.

Finding/results

Seven tools that meet the inclusion criteria were identified. Of those, one tool was reviewed twice. All tools were developed in the United Kingdom, Canada, China and the United States, and were published between 2009 and 2022. All tools use a rating scale; and the most used method to assess competencies was self-assessment. Levels of competency were cited by five tools. Two tools provided information on validation methods and reliability tests for internal consistency.

Discussion

Few competency assessment tools are available in the literature, and there is a lack of information on their development process. A global effort to develop an assessment tool that allows comparison across countries and cultures can be a step forward to propel infection preventionists’ careers and enhance the efficacy of Infection Prevention and Control Programs.
Minimum Sampling Duration for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics to Achieve Representative Glycemic Outcomes in Suboptimal Continuous Glucose Monitor Use
Authors: Akturk Halis K. , Sakamoto Casey , Vigers Tim , Shah Viral N. , Pyle Laura
Published: September 2023

Background:

Two weeks of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sampling with >70% CGM use is recommended to accurately reflect 90 days of glycemic metrics. However, minimum sampling duration for CGM use <70% is not well studied. We investigated the minimum duration of CGM sampling required for each CGM metric to achieve representative glycemic outcomes for <70% CGM use over 90 days.

Methods:

Ninety days of CGM data were collected in 336 real-life CGM users with type 1 diabetes. CGM data were grouped in 5% increments of CGM use (45%-95%) over 90 days. For each CGM metric and each CGM use category, the correlation between the summary statistic calculated using each sampling period and all 90 days of data was determined using the squared value of the Spearmen correlation coefficient ( R2).

Results:

For CGM use 45% to 95% over 90 days, minimum sampling period is 14 days for mean glucose, time in range (70-180 mg/dL), time >180 mg/dL, and time >250 mg/dL; 28 days for coefficient of variation, and 35 days for time <54 mg/dL. For time <70 mg/dL, 28 days is sufficient between 45 and 80% CGM use, while 21 days is required >80% CGM use.

Conclusion:

We defined minimum sampling durations for all CGM metrics in suboptimal CGM use. CGM sampling of at least 14 days is required for >45% CGM use over 90 days to sufficiently reflect most of the CGM metrics. Assessment of hypoglycemia and coefficient of variation require a longer sampling period regardless of CGM use duration.
User experiences of an app-based mHealth intervention (MINISTOP 2.0) integrated in Swedish primary child healthcare among Swedish-, Somali- and Arabic-speaking parents and child healthcare nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: Alexandrou Christina , Rutberg Stina , Johansson Linnea , Lindqvist Anna-Karin , Müssener Ulrika , Löf Marie
Published: September 2023

Background

Preventive and scalable interventions, accessible to all, to counteract childhood obesity are urgently needed. We have recently developed a novel, digital parental intervention (MINISTOP 2.0 app) available in Swedish, Somali, Arabic and English. We have previously reported its positive effects on children's health behaviors and on parental self-efficacy. However, before introducing the app at scale in primary child healthcare, implementation aspects also need to be explored.

Aim

This study aims to explore and describe user experiences as well as acceptability and feasibility of the MINISTOP 2.0 app-based intervention in a diverse group of parents (end-users) and Swedish child healthcare nurses (implementers).

Methods

Individual interviews were conducted with Swedish- ( n = 9), Somali- ( n = 9), Arabic- ( n = 5) and English-speaking ( n = 1) parents as well as Swedish primary child healthcare nurses ( n = 15). Data was analyzed using content analysis with an inductive latent approach.

Results

Parents described how the app facilitated behavior change through increased awareness regarding current diet and physical activity behaviors. Furthermore, the evidence-based app content further facilitated trust and behavior change. Both parents and nurses acknowledged the app's preventive potential and the potential for reaching parents with diverse backgrounds or in need of extra support.

Conclusion

The MINISTOP 2.0 app was perceived as a useful tool for health promotion both by parents and healthcare professionals, especially since it was adapted to several languages. These findings coupled with the previously shown beneficial effects on health behaviors support the large-scale implementation of the app in primary child healthcare.
Pandemic Protesters on Telegram: How Platform Affordances and Information Ecosystems Shape Digital Counterpublics
Authors: Buehling Kilian , Heft Annett
Published: September 2023

This study analyzes how platform affordances, their appropriation by movement actors, and these actors’ leveraging of information ecosystems—in combination—helped form a digital counterpublic during the COVID-19 pandemic. It draws on public communication data sent by more than 300 Telegram channels and group chats affiliated with the Querdenken movement over a 2-year period, and combines automated and manual text classification with network analysis. The study demonstrates how Telegram afforded connective and collective action in distinct ways that reflected the movement’s organizational structure and aims, as well as the impact of individual information-sharing on the process of movement-building itself. Accounting for time-dependent dynamics, the study also found that different parts of the counterpublic latched onto and sustained distinct information ecosystems to articulate their claims and mobilize contentious action.
The Longitudinal (Co)Development of Personality Traits and the Level of Personality Functioning After Negative Life Events
Authors: Haehner Peter , Sleep Chelsea E. , Miller Joshua D. , Lynam Donald R. , Hopwood Christopher J.
Published: September 2023

Based on the evidence from cross-sectional studies, there is an ongoing debate whether personality traits and personality functioning are redundant (e.g., because these constructs are strongly correlated). However, some questions regarding their overlap can only be addressed using longitudinal data. In this Registered Report, we examined the (co)development of the Big Five personality traits and personality functioning using longitudinal data from individuals who had recently experienced a negative life event ( N = 1,151). Personality functioning was less rank-order stable than conscientiousness and less mean-level stable than all Big Five traits except neuroticism. Furthermore, the developmental trajectory of the level of personality functioning was particularly similar to the developmental trajectory of neuroticism. Our results show that personality functioning and most Big Five personality traits differ in their longitudinal development in the context of negative life events and suggest the need for a clearer distinction between personality functioning and neuroticism.
The Roles Between Gratitude, Perceived Stress, and Quality of Life Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hasnie Afiah , Thompson Nicolas R , Sullivan Amy B
Published: September 2023

Dispositional gratitude has been negatively associated with perceived stress (PS) and positively associated with higher well-being in both general and chronically ill people. Attempts to understand the relationship between gratitude and aspects of quality of life (QOL) have been documented; however, there is limited research on determining the potential mediating effect of PS on gratitude and QOL factors in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In this cross-sectional study, participant demographics, dispositional gratitude, PS, and QOL factors were collected online via self-report measures from a sample of 68 participants diagnosed with MS. Results indicated that both dispositional gratitude and PS were associated with aspects of QOL and that PS was found to partially and indirectly account for the relationship between gratitude and improved QOL. Findings are consistent with existing research conducted with non-chronically ill samples. Clarifying relationships between PS and dispositional factors in MS is necessary to inform future interventions aimed at maintaining and enhancing an individual's QOL.
Demonstration of Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2, Neutralizing or Binding, in Seroconversion Panels After mRNA-1273, BNT-162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine Administration
Authors: Belda Francisco , Mora Oscar , Lopez-Martinez Monica , Torres Nerea , Vivanco Ana , Marfil Silvia , Pradenas Edwards , Massanella Marta , Blanco Julià , Christie Rebecca , Crowley Michael
Published: September 2023

Vaccines are an important tool in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Two mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273 and BNT-162b2) and an adenovirus vector vaccine (Ad26.COV2.S) were among the first vaccines to be approved by global regulatory authorities. The aim of this observational study was to characterize the levels and time course of the generation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies after vaccination with 3 different vaccines and the neutralizing activity of these antibodies. Seroconversion panels were generated from blood samples collected before and after vaccination with 3 COVID-19 vaccines: mRNA-1273, BNT-162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S. The seroconversion panels were tested for antibody activity by chemiluminescent immunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and 1 panel was tested for neutralization activity in a pseudovirus assay. Participants positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies before vaccination (18.6%) had a higher response to the first dose than participants who tested negative. For 2-dose vaccines, older participants showed a lower response to the first dose than younger participants. All participants showed positive responses after the second vaccine. For the adenovirus vector vaccine, 2 participants did not generate antibody responses after vaccination. Four participants were negative at 2 weeks but positive at 2 months. Pseudovirus neutralization showed good correlation with antibody activity (correlation coefficient = 0.78, P < .0001). Antibody responses in participants over 45 years old tended to be less robust. Participants that had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and had antibodies prior to vaccination showed a more robust response to initial vaccination. Older participants (>45 years) showed less robust responses to both types of vaccine. All participants receiving full mRNA vaccination showed positive antibody responses. Some participants receiving the adenovirus vaccine did not respond. Antibody responses correlated well with neutralization activity. Seroconversion panels can be useful in the development of antibody assays and in investigating their effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
The Importance of Cardiac Prescreening: A Case Report of Cardiac Arrest in a Teen Athlete
Authors: Bastida Jose Luis , Horenstein Maria S.
Published: September 2023

This case study describes a 13-year-old male who presented with ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) that occurred during football practice. An echocardiogram showed severely diminished biventricular function with an ejection fraction (EF) of 23% and an anomalous left main coronary artery from the right sinus with an apical echogenic mass of 1.2 cm × 1.2 cm, believed to be a thrombus. The patient underwent unroofing of the left main coronary artery. He was discharged on lisinopril, aspirin, and metoprolol, and a follow-up echocardiogram 79 days after discharge showed improved EF of 51% and resolution of the apical thrombus. It is crucial to remember that postsurgical approaches may still present challenges even after the initial repair or intervention. It is important to remain vigilant and aware of any potential issues that may arise as they can have significant impact on the overall success of the procedure.
CrMP-Sol database: classification, bioinformatic analyses and comparison of cancer-related membrane proteins and their water-soluble variant designs
Authors: Ma Lina , Zhang Sitao , Liang Qi , Huang Wenting , Wang Hui , Pan Emily , Xu Ping , Zhang Shuguang , Tao Fei , Tang Jin , Qing Rui
Published: September 2023

Membrane proteins are critical mediators for tumor progression and present enormous therapeutic potentials. Although gene profiling can identify their cancer-specific signatures, systematic correlations between protein functions and tumor-related mechanisms are still unclear. We present here the CrMP-Sol database (https://bio-gateway.aigene.org.cn/g/CrMP), which aims to breach the gap between the two. Machine learning was used to extract key functional descriptions for protein visualization in the 3D-space, where spatial distributions provide function-based predictive connections between proteins and cancer types. CrMP-Sol also presents QTY-enabled water-soluble designs to facilitate native membrane protein studies despite natural hydrophobicity. Five examples with varying transmembrane helices in different categories were used to demonstrate the feasibility. Native and redesigned proteins exhibited highly similar characteristics, predicted structures and binding pockets, and slightly different docking poses against known ligands, although task-specific designs are still required for proteins more susceptible to internal hydrogen bond formations. The database can accelerate therapeutic developments and biotechnological applications of cancer-related membrane proteins.
Highly sensitive and rapid point-of-care testing for HIV-1 infection based on CRISPR-Cas13a system
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Su Bin , Yang Lan , Kou Zhihua , Wu Hao , Zhang Tong , Liu Lifeng , Han Yao , Niu Mengwei , Sun Yansong , Li Hao , Jiang Taiyi
Published: September 2023

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) is the leading cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS remains a global public health concern but can be effectively suppressed by life-long administration of combination antiretroviral therapy. Early detection and diagnosis are two key strategies for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Rapid and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) provides critical tools for managing HIV-1 epidemic in high-risk areas and populations.

Methods

In this study, a POCT for HIV-1 RNA was developed by CRISPR-Cas13a lateral flow strip combined with reverse transcriptase recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) technology, the results can be directly observed by naked eyes.

Results

Moreover, with the degenerate base-binding CRISPR-Cas13a system was introduced into the RT-RAA primer designing, the technology developed in this study can be used to test majority of HIV-1 RNA with limit of detection (LOD) 1 copy/μL, while no obvious cross-reaction with other pathogens. We evaluated this method for detecting HIV-1 RNA of clinical samples, the results showed that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were 91.81% (85.03- 96.19%), 100% (92.60–100%), 100% (96.41–100%), 39.14% (25.59–54.60%) and 92.22% (86.89–95.88%), respectively. The lowest viral load detectable by this method was 112copies/mL.

Conclusion

Above all, this method provides a point-of-care detection of HIV-1 RNA, which is stable, simple and with good sensitivity and specificity. This method has potential to be developed for promoting early diagnosis and treatment effect monitoring of HIV patients in clinical.