bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging surf breaks for conservation of carbon-dense coastal ecosystems
Authors: Bukoski Jacob , Atkinson Scott , Miller Marissa , Sancho-Gallegos Diego , Arroyo Mara , Koenig Kellee , Reineman Dan , Kittinger John
Published: October 2023

Surf breaks are increasingly recognized as socio-environmental phenomena that provide opportunities for biodiversity conservation and sustained benefits for local communities. Here, we examine an additional benefit from conserving surf breaks—their coincidence with carbon dense coastal ecosystems. Using global spatial datasets of irrecoverable carbon (defined as carbon stocks that, if lost today, could not be recovered within 30 years’ time), surf break locations, ecosystem types, protected areas, and priority areas for conservation (Key Biodiversity Areas), we identified 961 million Mg of irrecoverable carbon held in surf ecosystems. Of this total, 223 million Mg are found in Key Biodiversity Areas without formal measures of protection. These results highlight surf conservation as a potential avenue to simultaneously mitigate climate change, protect biodiversity, and promote sustainable development in coastal communities. Innovative and equitable conservation models that extend beyond excluding humans from nature will be critical to achieving these goals.
Improvement of Plybond Strength of Two-Ply Sheets by Spraying of Starch Blends
Authors: RYU JEONG YONG , LEE HAK LAE
Published: October 2023

Mills have sprayed natural starch slurry onto the formed wet web as a way to improve plybond strength of multiply boards. This technique, however, becomes less effective with recent technological changes that include increases in machine speed, increased use of recycled fibers, and closure of the papermaking system. In this study the effects of wet web dryness, amount of starch slurry sprayed, and drying temperature on the development of plybond strength were investigated using handsheets made from recycled softwood kraft pulp. Spraying of starch resulted in substantial increase in plybond strength. Maximum strength was obtained when the dryness of the wet web was around 10%–11%. Rapid drying at high temperature also decreased plybond strength, which we attributed to the deficiency of moisture for the gelatinization of starch. Using starch blends was suggested as an alternative for improving plybond strength at high drying rate. Stepwise gelatinization of starches substantially improved plybond strength. Optimization of the three-component starch mixture was carried out based on a three-component mixture design technique.
Optimization of the Enzymatic Activation of a Dissolving Pulp Before Viscose Manufacture
Authors: KVARNLÖF NIKLAS , GERMGÅRD ULF , JÖNSSON LEIF J. , SÖDERLUND CARL-AXEL
Published: October 2023

As a continuation of an earlier enzymatic study on a dissolving pulp before viscose manufacturing, a new set of experiments were carried out with the best-performing enzyme from that study, Carezyme(R). The intention was to optimize the enzyme treatment so that the subsequent viscose process could be carried out with the lowest possible demand for chemicals in the etherification stage. The study focuses on pulp yield, reactivity, viscose viscosity (measured as ball-fall time), and the filter clogging value of the viscose.
Early special educational needs provision and its impact on unplanned hospital utilisation and school absences in children with isolated cleft lip and/or palate: a demonstration target trial emulation study protocol using ECHILD
Authors: Nguyen Vincent , Lewis Kate M , Gilbert Ruth , Dearden Lorraine , De Stavola Bianca
Published: October 2023

Background Special educational needs (SEN) provision is designed to help pupils with additional educational, behavioural or health needs; for example, pupils with cleft lip and/or palate may be offered SEN provision to improve their speech and language skills. Our aim is to contribute to the literature and assess the impact of SEN provision on health and educational outcomes for a well-defined population. Methods We will use the ECHILD database, which links educational and health records across England. Our target population consists of children identified within ECHILD to have a specific congenital anomaly: isolated cleft lip and/or palate. We will apply a trial emulation framework to reduce biases in design and analysis of observational data to investigate the causal impact of SEN provision (including none) by the start of compulsory education (Year One – age five year on entry) on the number of unplanned hospital utilisation and school absences by the end of primary education (Year Six – age ten/eleven). We will use propensity score-based estimators (inverse probability weighting (IPW) and IPW regression adjustment IPW) to compare categories of SEN provision in terms of these outcomes and to triangulate results obtained using complementary estimation methods (Naïve estimator, multivariable regression, parametric g-formula, and if possible, instrumental variables), targeting a variety of causal contrasts (average treatment effect/in the treated/in the not treated) of SEN provision. Conclusions This study will evaluate the impact of reasonable adjustments at the start of compulsory education on health and educational outcomes in the isolated cleft lip and palate population by triangulating complementary methods under a target-trial framework.
Influence of cultivation techniques on dry matter partitioning, nitrogen distribution pattern and yield of super hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu
Authors: Badshah M A , Ibrahim M , Mei T N Mei
Published: October 2023

Liangyoupeijiu was grown under different crop cultivation techniques viz: conventional tillage and transplanting (CTTP), no tillage and transplanting (NTTP), conventional tillage and direct seeding (CTDS) and no- tillage and direct seeding (NTDS) during 2011 and 2012. Results showed that, CTTP had higher leaf dry weight than NTTP. Maximum leaf dry weight reduced in direct seeded than transplanted rice. Shoot dry weight reduced by 6% both in transplanted and direct seeded rice from heading to 12 days after heading (DAH) in both the years. No tillage and transplanting had higher export percentage of dry matter and transport percentage of dry matter among the cultivation techniques in both the years. At heading, leaf nitrogen concentration (%) and nitrogen uptake (g m-2) were higher in transplanted than direct seeded rice and significantly higher nitrogen uptake was observed under conventional tillage and transplanting in both the years. The physiological nitrogen use efficiency was higher in no-tillage than conventional tillage in both the years. Total nitrogen (kg ha-1) uptake was higher in conventional tillage than no tillage either in transplanted or in direct seeded rice and was higher under conventional tillage and transplanting among the cultivation techniques in both the years. Grain yield was closely associated with uptake of total nitrogen at heading. Although, direct seeded rice had more than 23% higher panicle number than transplanted rice but conventional tillage and transplanting produced higher grain yield due to higher uptake of nitrogen by grain at maturity and bigger sink size.
Bangladesh Rice J. 26 (2): 51-62, 2022
Migration, aggregation, and philopatry of two nearshore elasmobranch species in the Southern California Bight
Authors: Gong AY , Nosal AP , Cartamil DP , Anderson JM , Bellquist LF , Ben-Aderet NJ , Blincow KM , Burns ES , Caldow C , Freedman RM , Logan RK , Lowe CG , Semmens BX , Stirling BS , White CF , Hastings PA
Published: October 2023

Over one-third of elasmobranch fishes (sharks, rays, and skates) are threatened with extinction, mostly due to overfishing, habitat loss, and habitat degradation. Understanding the daily and seasonal movement patterns of these species can inform when and where populations are most susceptible to these threats, but these data are often lacking for nearshore species that are not actively managed. Two such species are the shovelnose guitarfish Pseudobatos productus and California bat ray Myliobatis californica; this study quantified the broad- and fine-scale movement patterns of these species using passive acoustic telemetry. Twelve guitarfish (10 female, 2 male) were surgically implanted with coded acoustic transmitters at an aggregation site off La Jolla (San Diego County), California, USA, and tracked for 849.5 ± 548.9 d (mean ± SD). Six bat rays (all female) were also implanted with transmitters and tracked for 1143.8 ± 830.9 d. These animals were detected at 187 acoustic receiver stations between Point Conception, California, and San Quintín, Baja California, Mexico. Both species exhibited annual philopatry to La Jolla, especially in July, after traveling as far north as Santa Barbara (221 km away; guitarfish) and San Miguel Island (259 km away; bat rays), California. Based on their movement patterns and known reproductive phenology, we hypothesize that both species utilize the La Jolla aggregation site as a gestating ground and possibly also a mating, pupping, and nursery ground. This site is within a no-take reserve, and we recommend that similar sites also be protected, given the increased susceptibility to anthropogenic stressors when aggregating.
İTALYAN CEZA HUKUKUNDA HIRSIZLIK SUÇU
Authors: ÖNOK Murat
Published: October 2023

Bu makalede 1930 tarihli İtalyan Ceza Kanununun 624. ve devamı maddelerinde düzenlenen hırsızlık suçu, yeri geldikçe 1889 tarihli Zanardelli Kanunundaki düzenlemelerle mukayese yapmak suretiyle, ceza hukukunda suç tipi inceleme yöntemine uygun bir şekilde irdelenmiştir. Suçla korunan hukuki yarar, suçun maddi ve manevi unsurları, suçun nitelikli halleri ve suçun özel görünüş biçimlerine ilişkin, ayrıca İtalyan yasasında yer verilen ve hırsızlıkla bağlantılı bazı özerk suç tiplerine ilişkin olarak İtalyan doktrininde yapılan tartışmalar ve İtalyan Yargıtayının konuya dair içtihadı ele alınmıştır. Özellikle de suçun fiil unsuru ve bu suç bağlamında zilyetlik kavramına ilişkin sorunlu noktalar ve tartışmalar incelenmiştir. Bilhassa teşebbüs hükümlerinin uygulanıp uygulanmayacağı açısından kafa karıştıran, mağdurun malın üzerindeki zilyetliğinin sonlandırılması ile failin mal üzerinde kendi fiili egemenliğini kurması arasındaki ilişkiye dair tartışmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında ise ana metindeki bazı bulguların özetine ve tartışmalı konulara dair kanaatimize yer verilmiştir.
SON SEÇENEK OLMASI GEREKEN CEZA MÜEYYİDESİ ve CEZA HUKUKUNUN ZORLANAN SINIRLARI
Authors: KATOĞLU Tuğrul Bayazıt
Published: October 2023

Cezalandırma, temel hak ve özgürlüklere yönelik hukuki müdahalelerin en ağırı olarak kabul edilir. Suçun aynı zamanda bir toplumsal olgu olması, hukukun ve toplum bilimlerinin yanı sıra sanatçıların, edebiyatçıların da suç ve cezalandırma pratiklerine ilgi duymasına yol açmıştır.

Devletin dönüşümü, ceza hukukunu da etkilemiştir. Siyasal rejimin türü, ceza hukuku anlayışı bakımından da etkili olmuştur. Ceza hukukunun biçimsel kaynaklara bağlanması, suç ve cezaların kanuniliği ilkesi, temel hak ve özgürlükler bakımından güvence sağlamıştır. Ceza müeyyidesinin son seçenek olarak kabulü de bir temel güvencedir. Ancak bugün, ceza hukukunun genleştiği ve bir suç enflasyonu ile karşı karşıya kalındığı açıktır. Sosyo ekonomik gelişmelere bağlı yeni güvenlik kaygıları, uluslararası sorunlardan kaynaklanan yeni tehdit algıları, ceza hukukunun uygulama alanının daraltılması önündeki en önemli engelleri oluşturmaktadır.

Ceza hukukunun genleşmesi ve suç enflasyonu, adli makamların olanaklarının çok üstünde bir işyüküne yol açmıştır. İnfaz kurumları, kapasitelerinin üzerinde hükümlü ve tutuklu ile dolmuştur.

Bu nedenlerle ceza hukukunun uygulama alanının daraltılması zorunludur. Suç olmaktan çıkarma hala önemini koruyan bir yöntemdir. Cezai koruma konusu yapılacak menfaatlerin üzerinde uzlaşılarak sınırlandırılması zorunludur.
Schizogonies: Deconstruction of Derrida’s Deconstruction of Reproduction
Authors: Vitale Francesco
Published: October 2023

While working on the Italian translation of Life Death, I became aware of some inaccuracies on Derrida’s part that might weaken the effectiveness of his deconstruction of the notion of ‘reproduction’. Not only, such inaccuracies seem to lead Derrida’s interpretation of reproduction toward a conception of ‘life’ that might even hint at an undeconstructed metaphysical background. I have already dealt with such inaccuracies in detail in two articles published in French, here I will recall their outcomes in order to try to test the most problematic hypothesis they have led me to formulate: the Derridean conception of ‘life’ implies a metaphysical background.
Dynamic regulation of semaphorin 7A and adhesion receptors in ovarian follicle remodeling and ovulation
Authors: Emery Alaknanda , Dunning Kylie R. , Dinh Doan T. , Akison Lisa K. , Robker Rebecca L. , Russell Darryl L.
Published: October 2023

The ovarian follicle is a complex structure that protects and helps in the maturation of the oocyte, and then releases it through the controlled molecular and structural remodeling process of ovulation. The progesterone receptor (PGR) has been shown to be essential in regulating ovulation-related gene expression changes. In this study, we found disrupted expression of the cellular adhesion receptor gene Sema7A in the granulosa cells of PGR−/− mice during ovulation. We subsequently found that expression of Sema7A in preovulatory follicles is promoted by gonadotropins and hypoxia, establishing an asymmetrical pattern with the SEMA7A protein enriched at the apex of large antral follicles. Sema7A expression was downregulated through a PGR-dependent mechanism in the periovulatory period, the abundance of SEMA7A protein was reduced, and the asymmetric pattern became more homogeneous after an ovulatory stimulus. Receptors for Sema7A can either repel or promote intercellular adhesion. During ovulation, striking inverse regulation of repulsive Plxnc1 and adhesive Itga5/Itgb1 receptors likely contributes to dramatic tissue remodeling. The adhesive receptor Itga5 was significantly increased in periovulatory granulosa cells and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs), and functional assays showed that periovulatory granulosa cells and COCs acquire increased adhesive phenotypes, while Sema7A repels granulosa cell contact. These findings suggest that the regulation of Sema7A and its associated receptors, along with the modulation of integrin α5, may be critical in establishing the multilaminar ovarian follicle structure and facilitating the remodeling and apical release of the cumulus–oocyte complex during ovulation.
Therapeutically targeting type I interferon directly to XCR1+ dendritic cells reveals the role of cDC1s in anti-drug antibodies
Authors: Noe Paul , Wang Joy H. , Chung Kyu , Cheng Zhiyong , Field Jessica J. , Shen Xiaomeng , Casey Stephanie C. , Cortesio Christa L. , Pastuskovas Cinthia V. , Phee Hyewon , Tarbell Kristin V. , Egen Jackson G. , Casbon Amy-Jo
Published: October 2023

Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) are superior in antigen cross-presentation and priming CD8+ T cell anti-tumor immunity and thus, are a target of high interest for cancer immunotherapy. Type I interferon (IFN) is a potent inducer of antigen cross-presentation, but, unfortunately, shows only modest results in the clinic given the short half-life and high toxicity of current type I IFN therapies, which limit IFN exposure in the tumor. CD8+ T cell immunity is dependent on IFN signaling in cDC1s and preclinical studies suggest targeting IFN directly to cDC1s may be sufficient to drive anti-tumor immunity. Here, we engineered an anti-XCR1 antibody (Ab) and IFN mutein (IFNmut) fusion protein (XCR1Ab-IFNmut) to determine whether systemic delivery could drive selective and sustained type I IFN signaling in cDC1s leading to anti-tumor activity and, in parallel, reduced systemic toxicity. We found that the XCR1Ab-IFNmut fusion specifically enhanced cDC1 activation in the tumor and spleen compared to an untargeted control IFN. However, multiple treatments with the XCR1Ab-IFNmut fusion resulted in robust anti-drug antibodies (ADA) and loss of drug exposure. Using other cDC1-targeting Ab-IFNmut fusions, we found that localizing IFN directly to cDC1s activates their ability to promote ADA responses, regardless of the cDC1 targeting antigen. The development of ADA remains a major hurdle in immunotherapy drug development and the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the development of ADA responses in humans is not well understood. Our results reveal a role of cDC1s in ADA generation and highlight the potential ADA challenges with targeting immunostimulatory agents to this cellular compartment.
Effects of parental mental health and family environment on impulsivity in preadolescents: a longitudinal ABCD study®
Authors: Gebru Nioud Mulugeta , Goncalves Priscila Dib , Cruz Rick A. , Thompson Wesley K. , Allegair Nicholas , Potter Alexandra , Garavan Hugh , Dumas Julie , Leeman Robert F. , Johnson Micah
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Impulsivity is a known risk factor for the development of substance use disorders and other psychiatric conditions that is influenced by both genetics and environment. Although research has linked parental mental health to children’s impulsivity, potential mediators of this relationship remain understudied. The current investigation leverages the large national Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to assess the mediating role of family conflict – an important social context for youth development – in the relationship between parental mental health and youth impulsivity.

Methods

Data were from the first three annual waves of the ABCD study (Baseline N = 11,876 children, Mage = 9.9 years; 48% female; 52% White). Parental mental health conditions were self-reported internalizing, externalizing, and total problems. Youth completed the family conflict scale, and Urgency, Planning (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) scale to measure impulsivity. To determine if within-family change in conflict from baseline to year 1 explained changes in the strength of relations between baseline parental mental health and year 2 youth impulsivity, longitudinal causal mediation analyses were conducted, controlling for demographic factors (i.e., age, sex, race, household income, parental education, marital status), as well as baseline levels of family conflict and outcomes. Separate mediation models were run for each mental health condition and each UPPS-P subscale.

Results

Above and beyond bivariate relations, longitudinal mediation models, which included covariates, showed family conflict significantly (ps < 0.001) mediated relations between all three parental mental health conditions and all but one (i.e., sensation seeking) UPPS-P subscales. The proportion mediated through family conflict for internalizing problems and total problems on facets of impulsivity (except sensation seeking) ranged from 9% (for lack of perseverance) to 17% (for lack of planning). Proportion mediated via family conflict for externalizing problems on youth’s impulsivity (except sensation seeking) was slightly higher, ranging between 13% (lack of perseverance) to 21% (lack of planning).

Discussion

Family conflict may be an important intergenerational factor linking parental mental health and youth’s impulsivity. Addressing parental mental health and family conflict may help curb increased impulsivity in youth, and in turn reduce adolescent substance use disorders.
Geriatric nutritional risk index as a predictor of prognosis in hematologic malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Qiong , Tian Mengxing , Pi Guoliang , Jia Yegui , Jin Xin
Published: October 2023

Objective

Recent studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the association between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and clinical outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs). We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of low GNRI on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with HMs.

Research Methods and Procedures

We conducted the research via PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify trials. Exploring the association between GNRI and prognosis in patients with HMs. A meta-analysis of OS and PFS was performed. Quality In Prognostic Studies instrument and Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment Scale were used to assess the quality of included trials.

Results

Fourteen studies enrolling 3,524 patients with HMs were included. Low GNRI was associated with shorter OS (Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.44–2.18, p < 0.01) and PFS (HR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.17–2.27, p < 0.01) in patients with HMs. In the subgroup analysis, GNRI was not significantly associated with prognosis in Chinese patients with HMs (OS, HR =1.33; 95% CI = 0.89–1.98, p = 0.16; PFS, HR = 1.70; 95% CI = 0.72–4.01, p = 0.23). For the subgroup with a GNRI cutoff value less than 98, there was no significant difference in PFS (HR = 1.34; 95% CI = 0.98–1.83, p = 0.06).

Conclusion

Low GNRI negatively impacted on the prognosis in patients with HMs. Prospective studies to identify the best cut-off value for GNRI are required.
Role of integrins in the development of fibrosis in the trabecular meshwork
Authors: Faralli Jennifer A. , Filla Mark S. , Peters Donna M.
Published: October 2023

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive and chronic disease exhibiting many of the features of fibrosis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) in the trabecular meshwork (TM) undergoes extensive remodeling and enhanced rigidity, resembling fibrotic changes. In addition, there are changes associated with myofibroblast activation and cell contractility that further drives tissue fibrosis and stiffening. This review discusses what is known about the integrins in the TM and their involvement in fibrotic processes.
A systematic review of the neuropathology and memory decline induced by monosodium glutamate in the Alzheimer’s disease-like animal model
Authors: Ankul Singh S. , Chandran Lakshmi , Anuragh Singh , Kaliappan Ilango , Rushendran Rapuru , Vellapandian Chitra
Published: October 2023

This systematic review analyzes monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the Alzheimer’s disease-like condition to enhance translational research. Our review seeks to understand how MSG affects the brain and causes degenerative disorders. Due to significant preclinical data linking glutamate toxicity to Alzheimer’s disease and the lack of a comprehensive review or meta-analysis, we initiated a study on MSG’s potential link. We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, DOAJ, and Scopus for animal research and English language papers without time constraints. This study used the PRISMA-P framework and PICO technique to collect population, intervention or exposure, comparison, and result data. It was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42022371502. MSG affected mice’s exploratory behaviors and short-term working memory. The brain, hippocampus, and cerebellar tissue demonstrated neuronal injury-related histological and histomorphometric changes. A total of 70% of MSG-treated mice had poor nesting behavior. The treated mice also had more hyperphosphorylated tau protein in their cortical and hippocampus neurons. Glutamate and glutamine levels in the brain increased with MSG, and dose-dependent mixed horizontal locomotor, grooming, and anxiety responses reduced. MSG treatment significantly decreased phospho-CREB protein levels, supporting the idea that neurons were harmed, despite the increased CREB mRNA expression. High MSG doses drastically lower brain tissue and serum serotonin levels. In conclusion, MSG showed AD-like pathology, neuronal atrophy, and short-term memory impairment. Further research with a longer time span and deeper behavioral characterization is needed.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier [CRD42022371502].
Comparative chloroplast genomes provided insights into the evolution and species identification on the Datureae plants
Authors: Su He , Ding Xiaoxia , Liao Baosheng , Zhang Danchun , Huang Juan , Bai Junqi , Xu Subing , Zhang Jing , Xu Wen , Qiu Xiaohui , Gong Lu , Huang Zhihai
Published: October 2023

Generally, chloroplast genomes of angiosperms are always highly conserved but carry a certain number of variation among species. In this study, chloroplast genomes of 13 species from Datureae tribe that are of importance both in ornamental gardening and medicinal usage were studied. In addition, seven chloroplast genomes from Datureae together with two from Solanaceae species retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) were integrated into this study. The chloroplast genomes ranged in size from 154,686 to 155,979 and from 155,497 to 155,919 bp for species of Datura and Brugmansia, respectively. As to Datura and Brugmansia, a total of 128 and 132 genes were identified, in which 83 and 87 protein coding genes were identified, respectively; Furthermore, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes were both identified in Datura and Brugmansia. Repeats analysis indicated that the number and type varied among species for Simple sequence repeat (SSR), long repeats, and tandem repeats ranged in number from 53 to 59, 98 to 99, and 22 to 30, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid genomes supported the monophyletic relationship among Datura and Brugmansia and Trompettia, and a refined phylogenic relationships among each individual was resolved. In addition, a species-specific marker was designed based on variation spot that resulted from a comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes and verified as effective maker for identification of D. stramonium and D. stramonium var. inermis. Interestingly, we found that 31 genes were likely to be under positive selection, including genes encoding ATP protein subunits, photosystem protein subunit, ribosome protein subunits, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex subunits, and clpP, petB, rbcL, rpoCl, ycf4, and cemA genes. These genes may function as key roles in the adaption to diverse environment during evolution. The diversification of Datureae members was dated back to the late Oligocene periods. These chloroplast genomes are useful genetic resources for taxonomy, phylogeny, and evolution for Datureae.
Effects of strain on boundary management: findings from a daily diary study and an experimental vignette study
Authors: Mueller Nicolas , Loeffelsend Sophia , Vater Elke , Kempen Regina
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Transformations in the work–nonwork interface highlight the importance of effectively managing the boundaries between life domains. However, do the ways individuals manage the boundaries between work and nonwork life change from one day to the next? If so, which antecedents may explain these intra-individual fluctuations in boundary management? Drawing on boundary management, spillover, and resource theories, we investigate daily changes in segmentation preferences and integration enactments as a function of experiencing strain in work and nonwork life. Assuming that changes in segmentation preferences reflect an individual’s strategy to regulate negative cross-role spillover, we suppose that strain increases individuals’ segmentation preferences; at the same time, however, it could force individuals to enact more integration.

Methods

We test our assumptions with data from two studies with different methodological approaches. The first study uses a daily diary research design (Study 1, 425 participants with 3,238 daily observations) in which full-time professionals rated strain in work and nonwork life, segmentation preferences, and integration enactments every evening for 10 workdays. The second study uses an experimental vignette research design (Study 2, 181 participants), where we experimentally manipulated strain in work and nonwork life and investigated causal effects on participants’ hypothetical segmentation preferences.

Results

The results of multilevel modeling analyses in Study 1 show that segmentation preferences and integration enactments fluctuate from day to day as a function of strain. More specifically, strain is related to preferring more segmentation but enacting more integration. Study 2 replicates the results of Study 1, showing that strain causally affects segmentation preferences.

Discussion

This two-study paper is one of the first to address daily fluctuations in segmentation preferences and integration enactments, extending our knowledge of temporal dynamics in boundary management. Furthermore, it demonstrates that strain is an antecedent of these daily fluctuations, offering starting points for practical interventions.
Evaluation of the reliability and validity of the health regulatory focus scale in Chinese samples
Authors: Lyu Xiaokang , Yang Tingting , Fan Yanqin , Hong Haijuan , Fu Chunye
Published: October 2023

This study sought to validate the psychometric properties of the Health Regulatory Focus Scale (HRFS), emphasizing its manifestation and association with personality traits in a Chinese context. Originally developed by Ferrer, the HRFS gauges individuals’ inclinations either to avoid negative health outcomes (prevention focus) or achieve positive health outcomes (promotion focus). Our cross-sectional analysis involved a diverse sample of 652 Chinese participants, averaging 39.6 years in age (SD = 9.39). Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS, and both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to assess the HRFS’s factor structure. Additionally, we evaluated convergent and discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, internal consistency reliability, and test–retest reliability. The CFA results (CFI = 0.985, TLI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.059, and SRMR = 0.047), combined with McDonald’s omega value (0.916) and the test–retest correlation coefficient (0.78) for the HRFS, underscore its robust construct validity and reliability. Furthermore, the promotion dimension of the HRFS exhibited significant positive correlations with all dimensions of the Chinese Adjectives Short Scale of Big-Five Factor Personality (BFFP-CAS-S). In conclusion, the HRFS’s Chinese adaptation offers a reliable and valid instrument for assessing health regulatory focus.
Crowd-sourced investigation of a potential relationship between Bartonella-associated cutaneous lesions and neuropsychiatric symptoms
Authors: Stewart Zachary , Korsapathy Sanvi , Frohlich Flavio
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Preliminary studies suggest that infection with Bartonella bacteria can not only cause a characteristic rash, headache, fever, and fatigue but also neuropsychiatric symptoms. To date, this association has only been reported in case studies, and it remains unclear if this association generalizes to larger samples.

Methods

We used Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to crowdsource a large sample (N = 996) of individuals to ascertain the extent to which the presence of participant-identified Bartonella-associated cutaneous lesions (BACL) was associated with self-reported measures of anxiety, depression, and schizotypy. Participants were asked to select images of cutaneous lesions they had seen on their own bodies and complete a battery of self-report questionnaires to assess psychiatric symptoms. Participants were not informed that the focus of the study was on potential dermatological lesions associated with Bartonella. Point-biserial correlations were used to determine the potential relationship between selecting a BACL image and the severity of self-reported psychiatric symptoms.

Results

Scores of anxiety, depression, and schizotypy were positively and significantly correlated with selecting a BACL image. Furthermore, self-report scores of 10 or higher on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9, which represent the suggested clinical cutoffs for meeting criteria for a depressive or anxiety-related disorder, were also significantly associated with selecting a BACL image. Non-Bartonella-associated cutaneous legions were also significantly associated with self-reported measures of psychiatric symptoms.

Discussion

The current study broadens the link between the presence of BACL and the presence of psychiatric symptoms of anxiety, depression, and schizotypy and extends a potential relationship beyond the small sample sizes of previous case studies and case series. Further investigation is recommended to address limitations and expand on these findings.
The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms related to iron homeostasis in mesothelioma susceptibility after asbestos exposure: a genetic study on autoptic samples
Authors: Grignani Pierangela , Visonà Silvia Damiana , Fronda Maria Vittoria , Borrelli Paola , Monti Maria Cristina , Bertoglio Barbara , Conti Adelaide , Fattorini Paolo , Previderè Carlo
Published: October 2023

Asbestos-related diseases still represent a major public health problem all over the world. Among them, malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a poor-prognosis cancer, arising from the serosal lining of the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum, triggered by asbestos exposure. Literature data suggest the key role of iron metabolism in the coating process leading to the formation of asbestos bodies, considered to be both protective and harmful. Two sample sets of individuals were taken into consideration, both residing in Broni or neighboring cities (Northwestern Italy) where an asbestos cement factory was active between 1932 and 1993. The present study aims to compare the frequency of six SNPs involved in iron trafficking, previously found to be related to protection/predisposition to MM after asbestos exposure, between 48 male subjects with documented asbestos exposure who died of MM and 48 male subjects who were exposed to asbestos but did not develop MM or other neoplastic respiratory diseases (Non-Mesothelioma Asbestos Exposed – NMAE). The same analysis was performed on 76 healthy male controls. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of a sub-group of 107 healthy Italian individuals contained in the 1000 genomes database were considered for comparison. PCR-multiplex amplification followed by SNaPshot mini-sequencing reaction was used. The findings presented in this study show that the allelic and genotypic frequencies for six SNP markers involved in iron metabolism/homeostasis and the modulation of tumor microenvironment are not significantly different between the two sample sets of MM and NMAE. Therefore, the SNPs here considered do not seem to be useful markers for individual susceptibility to mesothelioma. This finding is not in agreement with previous literature.
Case report: Surgical treatment of an astrocytoma in the thoracic spinal cord of a cat
Authors: Santifort Koen M. , Tamura Shinji , Rissi Daniel R. , Grinwis Guy C. M.
Published: October 2023

A 15-year-old spayed female domestic shorthaired cat was evaluated for chronic progressive paraparesis and proprioceptive ataxia. Neurological examination was consistent with a T3–L3 myelopathy. Plain thoracolumbar vertebral column radiographs and CT without intravenous contrast or myelography performed at another facility did not highlight any abnormalities. MRI of the thoracolumbar spinal cord identified an intraparenchymal space-occupying lesion extending from T10–T12. Surgery was performed to remove as much of the mass as possible, and to submit samples for histopathology. A dorsal laminectomy was performed over T9–T13. A midline myelotomy provided access to the mass, which was debrided with an intraoperative estimate of 80% removal. Histopathologic examination was consistent with a diagnosis of an astrocytoma. Post-operative treatment consisted of amoxicillin clavulanic acid, prednisolone, gabapentin, and additional analgesic medications in the direct post-operative period. Over the following 4 months, slow recovery of motor function was seen with continued physiotherapy. During the following 2 months, renal and cardiopulmonary disease were diagnosed and treated by other veterinarians. The cat was also reported to have lost voluntary movement in the pelvic limbs during this period, suggesting regression to paraplegia. Finally, 6 months post-surgery, the owner elected humane euthanasia. This is the second documentation of surgical treatment and outcome of an astrocytoma in the spinal cord of a cat.
Effects of Phosphate Application Rate on Grain Yield and Nutrition Use of Summer Maize under the Coastal Saline-Alkali Land
Authors: Ma Changjian , Yuan Huabin , Shi Ning , Sun Zeqiang , Liu Shenglin , Wang Xuejun , Li Bowen , Li Shuang , Liu Zhaohui
Published: October 2023

Saline-alkali soil is a major threat to global food security. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer is essential for crop growth and yield production. Nevertheless, the optimal phosphate fertilizer application rates for summer maize under coastal saline–alkali soil are still unclear. A field experiment with five phosphate application rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha−1, referred to as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively) was conducted during the 2018–2020 summer maize seasons study the effects of phosphate rates on the grain yield, biomass, and nitrogen (N), P and potassium (K) accumulation, and N, P, and K physiological efficiency (denoted as NPE, PPE and KPE, respectively). Results showed that P application notably improved maize grain and biomass yield, the total uptake of N, P, K, and NPE and KPE across three seasons. As the P addition increased to 135 kg ha−1, the grain yield achieved a maximum of 7168.4 kg ha−1, with an average NPE of 2.15 kg kg−1, PPE of 0.19 kg kg−1, and KPE of 1.49 kg kg−1. However, PPE continuously decreased with the input of phosphate. P application rates exceeding 135 kg ha−1 were not considered effective due to a decline in grain yield, nutrient uptake, and NPE. Furthermore, the effect of the planting season was significant on the total uptake of N and K, and the use efficiency of N, P, and K. TOPSIS revealed that a phosphate application rate of 90–135 kg ka−1 was the optimal pattern for maize production. These results may give a theoretical basis for the phosphate management of maize production in saline–alkali soil.
The Antioxidant Activity of Undaria pinnatifida Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation
Authors: Lee Jae-Hoon , Kim Jeong-Heon , Kim Se-Myung , Kim Jae-Yong , Kim Jae-Hoon , Eom Su-Jin , Kang Min-Cheol , Song Kyung-Mo
Published: October 2023

Undaria pinnatifida, a marine biological resource from which antioxidants such as polysaccharides can be obtained, is primarily distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for physiological processes; however, excess ROS levels in the body result in cellular oxidative damage. Several extraction methods exist; however, factors such as long extraction times and high temperatures degrade polysaccharides. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the yield of U. pinnatifida sporophyll extract (UPE), a U. pinnatifida byproduct, using ultrasonication, an environmentally friendly extraction method, and identify UPE components with antioxidant activity. UPE_2, 4, 6, and 8 extracts were obtained at extraction times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively. UPE_8 had the highest yield (31.91%) and polysaccharide (69.22%), polyphenol, (8.59 GAE μg/mg), and fucoxanthin contents (2.3 μg/g). UPE_8 showed the greatest protective and inhibitory effects on ROS generation in H2O2-damaged Vero cells. Ethanol precipitation of UPE_8 confirmed that UPE_8P (precipitate) had superior antioxidant activity in Vero cells compared to UPE_8S (supernatant). UPE_8P contained a large amount of polysaccharides, a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of UPE_8. This study shows that UPE_8 obtained using ultrasonication can be a functional food ingredient with excellent antioxidant activity.
Polydopamine-Modified Carboxymethyl Cellulose as Advanced Polysulfide Trapping Binder
Authors: Gribble Daniel A. , Pol Vilas G.
Published: October 2023

The search for a high-energy-density alternative to lithium-ion batteries has led to great interest in the lithium sulfur battery (LSB). However, poor cycle lifetimes and coulombic efficiencies (CEs) due to detrimental lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling has hindered its widespread adoption. To address this challenge, a modified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymer with integrated dopamine moieties and polydopamine nanoparticles was created through a facile one-pot dopamine (DOP) amidation reaction to strengthen noncovalent interactions with LiPSs and mitigate the shuttling effect. The resulting CMC-DOP binder improved electrode wettability, adhesion, and electrochemical performance. Compared to LSBs with a standard CMC binder, CMC-DOP 5:1 (with a 5:1 weight ratio of CMC to dopamine precursor) improves the specific capacity at cycle 100 by 38% to 552 mAh g−1 and CE from 96.8 to 98.9%. LSBs show good stability, even after 500 cycles. Post-mortem electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies confirmed the effectiveness of the CMC-DOP in confining LiPS in the cathode. This simple but effective nature-inspired strategy promises to enhance the viability of LSBs without using harmful chemicals or adding excess bulk.
Enabling LVRT Compliance of Electrolyzer Systems Using Energy Storage Technologies
Authors: Saha Pankaj , Zhao Weihao , Stroe Daniel-Ioan , Iov Florin , Munk-Nielsen Stig
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of different energy storage systems (ESSs) in providing low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) support for power electronics-based electrolyzer systems. A framework for analyzing the performance of a grid-integrated electrolyzer-ESS system is developed, taking into account realistic scenarios and accurate models. The system components consist of a 500 kW alkaline electrolyzer module integrated with a medium-voltage grid and three different commercially available ESSs based on Li-ion battery, Li-ion capacitor, and supercapacitor technology, respectively. The performance of these ESSs is extensively studied for three LVRT profiles, with a primary focus on the upcoming Danish grid code. In order to perform simulation studies, the system is implemented on the MATLAB®/Simulink®-PLECS® platform. The results demonstrate that all three energy storage technologies are capable of supporting the electrolyzer systems during low-voltage abnormalities in the distribution grid. The study also reveals that the supercapacitor-based technology seems to be more appropriate, from a techno-economic perspective, for fault ride-through (FRT) compliance.
Comparative Biomechanical Analysis of Unilateral, Bilateral, and Lateral Pedicle Screw Implantation in Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Pan Chien-Chou , Lee Cheng-Hung , Chen Kun-Hui , Yen Yu-Chun , Su Kuo-Chih
Published: October 2023

Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) can be combined with different screw instrumentations. The standard screw instrumentation is bilateral pedicle screw fixation (BPSF). However, the operation is time consuming because a lateral recumbent position must be adopted for OLIF during surgery before a prone position is adopted for BPSF. This study aimed to employ a finite element analysis to investigate the biomechanical effects of OLIF combined with BPSF, unilateral pedicle screw fixation (UPSF), or lateral pedicle screw fixation (LPSF). In this study, three lumbar vertebra finite element models for OLIF surgery with three different fixation methods were developed. The finite element models were assigned six loading conditions (flexion, extension, right lateral bending, left lateral bending, right axial rotation, and left axial rotation), and the total deformation and von Mises stress distribution of the finite element models were observed. The study results showed unremarkable differences in total deformation among different groups (the maximum difference range is approximately 0.6248% to 1.3227%), and that flexion has larger total deformation (5.3604 mm to 5.4011 mm). The groups exhibited different endplate stress because of different movements, but these differences were not large (the maximum difference range between each group is approximately 0.455% to 5.0102%). Using UPSF fixation may lead to higher cage stress (411.08 MPa); however, the stress produced on the endplate was comparable to that in the other two groups. Therefore, the length of surgery can be shortened when unilateral back screws are used for UPSF. In addition, the total deformation and endplate stress of UPSF did not differ much from that of BPSF. Hence, combining OLIF with UPSF can save time and enhance stability, which is comparable to a standard BPSF surgery; thus, this method can be considered by spine surgeons.
A-GSTCN: An Augmented Graph Structural–Temporal Convolution Network for Medication Recommendation Based on Electronic Health Records
Authors: Yue Weiqi , Wang Maiqiu , Zhang Lei , Zhang Lijuan , Huang Jie , Wan Jian , Xiong Naixue , Vasilakos Athanasios V.
Published: October 2023

Medication recommendation based on electronic health records (EHRs) is a significant research direction in the biomedical field, which aims to provide a reasonable prescription for patients according to their historical and current health conditions. However, the existing recommended methods have many limitations in dealing with the structural and temporal characteristics of EHRs. These methods either only consider the current state while ignoring the historical situation, or fail to adequately assess the structural correlations among various medical events. These factors result in poor recommendation quality. To solve this problem, we propose an augmented graph structural–temporal convolutional network (A-GSTCN). Firstly, an augmented graph attention network is used to model the structural features among medical events of patients’ EHRs. Next, the dilated convolution combined with residual connection is applied in the proposed model, which can improve the temporal prediction capability and further reduce the complexity. Moreover, the cache memory module further enhances the model’s learning of the history of EHRs. Finally, the A-GSTCN model is compared with the baselines through experiments, and the efficiency of the A-GSTCN model is verified by Jaccard, F1 and PRAUC. Not only that, the proposed model also reduces the training parameters by an order of magnitude.
Alterations in Serotonin Neurotransmission in Hyperdopaminergic Rats Lacking the Dopamine Transporter
Authors: Traktirov Dmitrii S. , Nazarov Ilya R. , Artemova Valeria S. , Gainetdinov Raul R. , Pestereva Nina S. , Karpenko Marina N.
Published: October 2023

Biogenic amines dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) are among the most significant monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). Separately, the physiological roles of DA and 5-HT have been studied in detail, and progress has been made in understanding their roles in normal and various pathological conditions (Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, addiction, depression, etc.). In this article we showed that knockout of the gene encoding DAT leads not only to a profound dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum but also in the midbrain, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Furthermore, significant changes were observed in the production of mRNA of enzymes of monoamine metabolism, as well as to a notable alteration in the tissue level of serotonin, most clearly manifested in the cerebellum and the spinal cord. The observed region-specific changes in the tissue levels of serotonin and in the expression of dopamine and serotonergic metabolism enzymes in rats with an excess of dopamine can indicate important consequences for the pharmacotherapy of drugs that modulate the dopaminergic system. The drugs that affect the dopaminergic system could potently affect the serotonergic system, and this fact is important to consider when predicting their possible therapeutic or side effects.