bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloistered and coalesce effect of power Yoga and plyometric training on selected physical variable among tribal taekwondo players
Authors: Siyad B. R. , Manickam V. A.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the Cloistered and Coalesce effect of Power Yoga and Plyometric Training on selected Physical variable among Tribal Taekwondo Players. To achieve this purpose, sixty (N=60) girls Tribal Taekwondo players studying various schools in Kerala. Their age ranged from 14 to 16 years. The subjects were assigned at random into four groups of fifteen in each (n=15). Group-I underwent Power Yoga, Group-II underwent Plyometric Training, Group-III underwent Coalesce Power Yoga and Plyometric Training and Group –IV was as the Control group. Speed was selected as dependent variable and it was assessed by 50 Meters Sprint test.  The data collected from the four groups prior to and immediately after the training programme on the selected criterion variables were statistically analyzed with Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).  Whenever the ‘F’ ratio for adjusted post test means was found to be significant, Scheffe’s test was followed, as a post hoc test to determine which of the paired mean differences was significant.  In all the cases .05 level of confidence was fixed. The experimental groups namely, power yoga, plyometric training and coalesce power yoga and plyometric training had significantly improved in speed.
Study of the effect of fluoxetine on liver enzymes in the blood serum of pregnant albino rats
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Mustafa Naeem Abdulwhid , Al-Safy Alaa Hussein
Published: May 2022

The current study examined the effect of fluoxetine on liver enzymes in pregnant female rats. 42 rats, including ten males, were used for inoculation only, while the number of females was 32 rats. Female rats were divided into two groups, the control group consisted of 8 rats. The fluoxetine-treated group of 24 females was divided into three groups. The first group included 8 pregnant female rats injected with fluoxetine at a concentration of 20 mg/kg of body weight from day 0 of gestation until day 7 or 18, and the second group also included 8 pregnant females injected with fluoxetine at a concentration of 40 mg/kg. of body weight from day day 0 of gestation until day 7 or 18, and the third group included 8 pregnant females injected with fluoxetine at a concentration of 60 mg/kg of body weight from day 0 of gestation until day 7 or 18, blood samples were collected on the 7 or 18 days From pregnancy from all animal groups to measure the following parameters: ALT, alkaline phosphatase, ALP, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
SOSYO-DOĞAL BİR FENOMEN OLARAK DUYGU: KENDİ-İÇİN-DUYGU’DAN BAŞKALARI-İÇİN-DUYGU’YA
Authors: SAKİN HANOĞLU Derya
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı duyguların doğasını anlamaya çalışmaktır. Duygulara dair çeşitli yaklaşımlar ve zıt görüşler olmakla birlikte, bu çalışmanın yapılmasını mümkün kılan, göz ardı edilen bir durum vardır: Duyguların adaptif özellikleri sadece hayatta kalma gibi temel bir zeminde değil aynı zamanda sosyal bir zeminde yer almaktadırlar. Buna bağlı olarak, bu çalışmada duyguların adaptif rolünü reddetmeden, doğasına dair sosyal bağlamdaki rolüne vurgu yaparak açıklanacak ve bu bağlamda duyguların doğası, evrimsel bir perspektif benimsenerek ve adaptif olarak ortaya çıkan özellikler irdelenecektir. Bu açıklama modeli sosyal yapısalcıların iddia ettikleri gibi duyguların inşa edildiği yönünde geliştirilmeyecek, bilakis duyguların sosyalliği doğal olarak içerdiği yönünde geliştirilecektir. Bu içerik duyguların evrimsel süreç içerisinde bireylerin sosyallik kazanmasıyla ilintili olduğu hipotezine dayanan bir çerçeveye oturtulacaktır. Böyle bir çerçeve sosyal duygular, sosyal olmayan duygular gibi bir ayrımı reddetmekte; aksine, her duygunun bu içeriğe sahip olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.
KANT'IN DENEYİM ANALOJİLERİNDE SÜREKLİLİK, ARDIŞIKLIK VE EŞANLILIK ANLAYIŞI
Authors: GÖZCÜ Ali Suat
Published: May 2022

Kant’ın I. Kritik’in “Deneyim Analojileri” olarak adlandırılan bölümü, deneyimin birliği ve genel olarak, bir bilginin olanaklı olması için algıların bağlantılarının kurulması gerektiğini görüşünü içermesi bakımından önemlidir. Bu bölümde Kant, temporal özelliklerin algılarla birlikte bize verilmediğini, tersine, algıların bilme yetileri yoluyla zamanda birlik altına getirildiğini göstermeye çalışır. Bu bakımdan, deneyim analojileri, farklı temporal bölümlerdeki algıların zorunlu bağlantısıyla ilgili a priori ilkeleri içerir. Kant, deneyim analojilerinde, söz konusu temporal bağıntıları süreklilik, ardışıklık ve eşanlılık olmak üzere üç farklı zaman biçiminde inceler. Buna göre, bu çalışmada hem Kant’ın deneyim analojilerinde zamanın bu üç kavramını nasıl açıkladığı hem de nesnelerin zamanda nasıl sürdüğü, aynı şekilde yalnızca tek bir anda sınırlı olmayan görünüşlerin parçalarıyla birlikte zaman boyunca nasıl yayıldıkları gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır.
SCHELLİNG’İN FELSEFENİN İLK İLKESİ OLARAK BEN YA DA İNSAN BİLGİSİNDEKİ KOŞULSUZ ÜZERİNE ADLI ESERİNDEKİ SPİNOZA OKUMASI
Authors: BEKTAŞ Oya
Published: May 2022

SSpinoza, Alman düşünce geleneğine ve özel olarak da Alman İdealizmine muazzam etkileri olan filozofların başında gelmektedir. Kant’ın eleştiri süzgecinden geçirdiği Spinoza, Alman idealistleri tarafından yeni bir okumaya tabi tutulmuş, hatta bu okumalar sayesinde ortaya yeni bir Spinoza imgesi çıkmıştır. Bunlar arasında Schelling’in Spinoza okumasının şüphesiz ayrı bir yeri vardır. Onun pek çok eserine damga vuran Spinoza okumaları bir yandan Spinoza’nın nasıl anlaşılması gerektiğine alternatif sunarken bir yandan da Schelling’in kendi felsefesini şekillendirmesinde önemli bir rol oynar. Schelling’in Spinoza ile bağları her bir döneminde ve her bir eserinde kendine özgü bir biçimde şekillenir. Örneğin erken dönem çalışmalarında onun temel probleminin kabaca felsefenin ilk ilkesini bulmak olduğu dikkate alındığında, Spinoza ile etkileşimini belirleyenin de bu problem olduğu görülür. Söz konusu problem bağlamında Schelling’in düşüncesinde açık bir biçimde görülen Spinoza etkisi “Felsefenin İlk ilkesi Olarak Ben ya da İnsan Bilgisindeki Koşulsuz Üzerine” adlı eserinde giderek derinleşir. Schelling’in sözü edilen eserde Spinoza’nın töze atfettiği pek çok niteliği Ben’in özsel niteliği olarak sunması, bunu yaparken Spinoza’nın içkinlik düşüncesine, özgürlük düşüncesine ve entelektüel sezgiye yüklediği anlama başvurması pek çok noktada ondan ne kadar etkilendiğini gösterir. Ancak dikkatli bir inceleme, Spinoza’dan aldığı tüm bu etkilere rağmen Schelling’in tam anlamıyla bir Spinozacı olmadığını da açığa çıkarır. Bu bağlamda sözü edilen çalışma Spinoza’nın Schelling’in düşünsel yolculuğuna nasıl eşlik ettiğini anlamak açısından analiz edilmeye değerdir.
PLATON’UN SİYASET DÜŞÜNCESİNİN EVRİMİ
Authors: YILMAZ Ozan
Published: May 2022

Platon siyasetle ilgili temel düşüncelerini Devlet, Devlet Adamı ve Yasalar adlı diyaloglarında dile getirmektedir. Bu üçlemenin ilki olan Devlet’te Platon, hayalindeki ideal devleti tasvir etmiş ve bu devletin de ancak bilge (filozof) bir kralın yönetiminde gerçekleşmesinin mümkün olabileceğini dile getirmiştir. Devlet eserini yazdıktan sonra bu eserinde ortaya koyduğu filozof kral teorisini gerçekleştirme umuduyla Sicilya’ya kral 1. Dionysos’un sarayına giden Platon gerek 1. Dionysos’ta gerekse de onun yerine tahta geçen 2. Dionysos’ta teorilerini hayata geçirmek için denemeler de bulunmuş; ancak bu iki denemesi de kendisi açısından hüsranla sonuçlanmıştır. Yaptığı bu iki deneme Devlet adlı eserinde ortaya çıkmasına çok düşük bir ihtimal verdiği filozof-kral tipinin gerçekleşmesine olan inancını oldukça zedelemiştir. Öyle ki üçlemenin ikinci eseri Devlet Adamı’nda Platon yine ilk olarak filozof-kral yönetimindeki devletin en iyi devlet olduğunu dile getirmiştir. Ancak bunun gerçekleşebilir bir şey olduğunu düşünmediğinden devletin mümkün mertebe yasalara dayanması gerektiğini, gerçekleşebilir en iyi devletin yasalara dayanan devlet olduğunu ve bu yasaların yöneticiyi de sınırlandırması gerektiğini vurgulamıştır. Son eser olan yasalar ise tamamen artık yasanın egemen olması gerektiğini dile getiren ve devlete dair her şeyin yasalarla belirlenmiş olduğu bir anayasa kitabı niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu makale de Platon’un filozof-kralın egemenliğinden yasaların egemenliğine evrilen siyaset düşüncesinin ana hatlarını ortaya koyma amacı gütmektedir.
ANALOJİK DÜŞÜNMENİN DOĞASI, MEKANİZMASI VE UYGULAMALARI
Authors: NESTEROVA COŞKUN Svıtlana
Published: May 2022

Analoji, gündelik yaşamda olduğu gibi, sanat, eğitim, bilim ve felsefede sıkça başvurulan düşünme türü ve yargıya varma sürecidir. Ne var ki, analojinin tanımı ve uygulanabilirliği konusundaki görüşler, kullanım alanları kadar çeşitlilik arz etmektedir. Bu araştırma, analojik düşünmenin doğası ve mekanizması ile çeşitli aşamalarını incelemeyi ve analojinin bilgi edinme sürecindeki rolünü değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda incelememizde, hem klasik felsefede analoji konusundaki görüşlere, hem de çağdaş araştırmaların bulgularına başvurulmaktadır. Araştırmada, analojinin insan bilişinin temel unsurlarından biri olduğu gösterilerek, analojinin analiz, sentez, genelleme ve soyutlama gibi bilişsel edimlerle ilgisi değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca, analoji yoluyla elde edilen bilgilerin öznel ve nesnel dayanakları, analojik çıkarımların güvenilirliğini arttırma koşulları tartışılmaktadır.
DENEYİMDEN TEKNİĞE BENJAMİNCİ DÖNÜŞÜM: EDWARD SAİD’İN “ENTELEKTÜEL” PERSPEKTİFİ IŞIĞINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: EKİNCİ Tuğba
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada Walter Benjamin’in deneyim (Erfahrung) düşüncesi, Hegelci bir tema olarak, “çağını yeniden düşünmek” bağlamında yansıtılacaktır. Benjamin’in düşüncesi bir bütün olarak takip edildiğinde, özellikle tekniğe dair görüşleriyle sanat kuramına ilişkin yorumlarında sabit ve özcü bir deneyim fikrine yerleşmekten kaçındığı, bunun yerine çağın dönüşümlerine açık bir diyalektik okuma benimsediği izlenebilir. Bu metinde Benjamin’in erken dönem deneyim görüşündeki dönüşümde var olduğu düşünülen çift anlamlılığın sınaması yapılmakta; sorunlara yaklaşımının süreklilik ya da kopuş olmaktan ziyade hem süreklilik hem kopuş şeklinde iç içelik arz eden bir çözümleme çabası olduğu savlanmaktadır. Dış dünyadaki nesnel dönüşümleri diyalektik bir hamleyle içeren geçişli okumasında Benjamin, bu anlamda “çağının çocuğu” olarak görünmektedir. Geçmişin şimdi ve buradalığa dair bir bilinçle eleştirisinin entelektüel tavrın ayırıcı vasfı olduğu ön-varsayımıyla, Benjaminci entelektüel bilincin Edward Said’in “entelektüel” tasvirindeki gibi “sürgün” ve “amatör” bir tavırla motive olduğu iddia edilecektir. Bu doğrultuda Said’in “entelektüel”inin, Benjaminci çelişik ve fragmantal okumaya bir bağlam sunacağı düşünülmektedir.
LUCE IRIGARAY’IN TEORİSİNDE CİNSEL FARK KAVRAMI VE DÖNÜŞTÜRÜCÜ EYLEM OLARAK MİMESİS
Authors: DELİCE Didem
Published: May 2022

Adı genel olarak Çağdaş Fransız Feminizmi içinde anılan Luce Irigaray, özelde cinsel farklılığa dayalı feminizm teorisyenidir. Irigaray, feminist söylemini, kadın-erkek eşitliği talebi üzerinden değil, cinsel fark düşüncesi üzerinden oluşturmuştur. “Cinsel farklılık” kavramı, Irigaray tarafından “toplumsal cinsiyet” ve “biyolojik cinsiyet” kavramlarının yerine bir alternatif olarak kullanılmaktadır. Cinsel fark kavramı onun feminist söyleminin taşıyıcısıdır. Irigaray’ın feminist söyleminin stratejisi, cinsel farklılığa dayanan ve “Farklılık Kültürü” olarak adlandırdığı yeni bir kültür yaratmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu yeni kültür, yeni bir dişi kimlik yaratarak kadını eril olanın karşısına koyacak ve kadınların erkekler ile eşit değere sahip olmasını sağlayacaktır. Bu açıdan temel amaç, iki cinsiyete birden yer açan bir “cinsiyet kültürü” yaratmaktır. Bu kültürü yaratacak metodoloji nedir? Irigaray’a göre bu kültürü yaratacak olan, onun dönüştürücü bir eylem olarak gördüğü “mimesis”tir. Kadın, erkek egemen kültürün dilini mimesis yolu ile dönüştürerek kendisine mal eder. Bu sayede mimesis, dişi bedenin negatif anlamlarından kurtularak pozitif anlamlar yüklenmesini, bir özne olarak görülebilmesini sağlar.
LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN’IN “SİNEK ŞİŞESİNDEKİ SİNEK” METAFORUNA DAİR
Authors: YÜCEL Erdinç , YILMAZ Hasan
Published: May 2022

Ludwig Wittgenstein, dil felsefesinin akış yönünü iki kez değiştirmeyi başaran önemli bir filozof olarak bilinmektedir. Wittgenstein’ın dil felsefesi alanında yarattığı ilk etkisi, erken dönemine ait olan ve sağlığında neşredilen “Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus” adlı eseriyle olmuştur. Alana yaptığı ikinci önemli etkisi, geç dönemine ait olan ve ölümünden iki sene sonra yayımlanan “Philosophische Untersuchungen” (Felsefi Soruşturmalar) isimli eseriyle gerçekleşmiştir. O, bu eserinde “Felsefedeki hedefin nedir?” diye sorar ve kendi sorusunu şöyle cevaplar: “Sineğe, sinek şişesinden çıkış yolunu göstermek” (Philosophische Untersuchungen §309). Wittgenstein’ın bu metaforu literatürde değişik şekillerde yorumlanmıştır. Metaforda geçen “Fliegenglas” kelimesi genellikle “şişe”, “kavanoz” vs. gibi kelimelerle karşılanmaya çalışıldığından Wittgenstein’ın ortaya koyduğu izahatın anlaşılması zorlaşmaktadır zira sıradan bir şişeden ya da kavanozdan sineğin kurtulması birkaç deneme ile mümkündür. Oysa “Fliegenglas” diye adlandırılan “sinek şişesi”nin özel yapısı bilinmeden Wittgenstein’ın izahatının tam manasıyla anlaşılması güçleşmektedir. Böyle bir şişenin içerisine giren ve alt tarafındaki açıklığı fark edemediği için buradan bir daha dışarıya çıkamayan sineğin yardıma ihtiyacı olduğu kesindir. Wittgenstein’a göre zaten insan da dilinin/düşüncelerinin sınırlarını fark edemediği için adeta camdan bir şişenin içerisinde hapsolmuştur. Tıpkı bir sineğin, sinek şişesinin içerisinde camdan çeperi fark edememesinden dolayı hapsolduğu gibi. Bu durumda var olan çıkış yolunu göstermek ve böylece bu problemi çözmek elbette yine filozofa düşmektedir.
Mechanical properties of timber-concrete connections with steel tube connectors
Authors:   School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Liu Yingyang , Li Ao ,   School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Cao Jixing ,   Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Yu Dan ,   The Fourth Construction Engineering Company Ltd. of China Construction Second Engineering Bureau, Zhang Jilu ,   The Fourth Construction Engineering Company Ltd. of China Construction Second Engineering Bureau
Published: May 2022

Composite connections are important components of timber-concrete hybrid systems. This work presents a novel shear connector for timber-concrete composite (TCC) connections. To verify the composite action between the timber and concrete in the proposed connection, ten specimens were subjected to push-out tests to examine the slip at the interlayer. The failure mode and maximum load capacity results are analyzed, indicating that the composite connections have good ductility and high load capacity. Four methods to determine the yield point are compared and discussed in detail. According to the test results, a mathematical model is utilized to predict the nonlinear load-slip curve of the proposed connection. The Bayesian method is introduced to estimate the model parameters and quantify the model uncertainty. The obtained results can be used for further reliability analysis. This work demonstrates that timber-concrete connections with novel connectors perform well and show potential for application in composite structures.
Investigation into Causes of Allergic Diseases Using Quantitative Measurement of Allergen-Specific Ige in Serum in Al- Bayda, Libya
Authors: Elfowiris Abdulsalam , Sharif Monier , Bianco Salma
Published: May 2022

Allergy is a complex condition that results from different causative factors and different kinds of reactions, which caused by vibrant interactions ranged from genetic predisposition, environmental factors, food reaction, animals, insects, to a dysfunctional immune system. A public concern has grown in response to the increasing prevalence of allergy and related atopic conditions. Although the underlying mechanism of the true causes of allergy is complicated due to insufficient data and variable methodologies, Immunoglobulin E (Ig E) is commonly accepted as a specific index for allergic diseases among many indices used to test allergy. The aim of the study was to perform analysis of food allergens, inhalatory allergens, and other allergens types in patients diagnosed with an allergy by testing specific IgE to understand the risk factors, prediction, preventing, and determine the treatment. The results showed that specific IgE serum levels are significantly higher in patients sensitized to D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae allergens. However, more data and studies are needed to investigate the local allergens that cause allergy.
Saudi Parents and Teachers' Attitudes towards the New Implementation of English from Grade One in Primary Schools: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Alqahtani Abdullah N. , Alsager Haroon N.
Published: May 2022

This paper focuses on the new policy of introducing English alongside Arabic from grade one in Saudi primary schools. This qualitative descriptive study aims to understand the parents' attitudes and teachers' perspectives towards implementing English in grade one. The present study used two methods to collect data: A questionnaire to gather the data from parents, and semi-interviews to collect data from teachers. The samples of the study were 160 parents and 20 teachers. The results revealed that both parents and teachers have positive attitudes towards the new policy. They assured that English will not have a negative impact on Saudi pupils' performance in Arabic. However, the findings also indicated that designing a suitable curriculum, stimulating environment, and having more lessons per week are essential.
A Standard Atmosphere for the Tropics (m.s.l. to 20 km)
Authors: PISHAROTY P. R.
Published: May 2022

The mean geopotential heights and temperatures of the standard isobaric surfaces over the Asian, the Carribean and the Southwest Pacific areas are examined. The examination reveals-(i) that sufficient uniformity prevails over these regions to justify the drawing up of specifications for a Standard Atmosphere for the Tropics, and (ii) that the condition over the tropics are sufficiently different from the ICAN, ICAO and NACA Standard Atmospheres to warrant the drawing up of a separate set of specifications.

 

Specifications for a Standard Atmosphere for Asian Tropics (SAAT) and slightly different specifications for a Standard Atmosphere for tropics for Universal use (SATU) are presented in the paper. Two computed tables, one showing the distribution of pressure and temperature with height, and the other show in the heights and temperature of standard isobaric surfaces, for both the proposed standard atmospheres are presented.
Diurnal variation of thunderstorms in India during different seasons
Authors: RAMAN P. K. , RAGHAVAN K.
Published: May 2022

The earliest study of thunderstorm fre-quencies in India was by Dallas (1900) who discussed observations taken at 10 stations in India during the year 1897. Since then there have been several studies but most of the climatological studies were restricted to particular places or small areas (Desai and Mull 1938) or with more restricted defini-tions of thunderstorm, viz., those associated with rainfall (India met. Dep. 1944, Venkite-shwaran 1932, 1935).
The First Hurricane Track determined by Meteorological Satellite
Authors: SADLER JAMES C. , USAF LT. COL
Published: May 2022

The most fascinating aspect of Tropical Meteorology is the formation and movement of tropical storms. Meteorological satellites show promise of being an ideal observational tool to study the life history of such storms. An example is shown of the TIROS I surveillance and tracking of a tropical storm during a six-day period as it developed in the Arabian Sea from a depression to hurricane intensity, moved WNW onto the Arabian Coast and dissipated over the mountains of SW Arabia. The influence of the 40,000 ft Circulation as a possible 'trigger' to development is noted. A comparison is given between the storm path as determined from satellite observations and as determined by conventional post analysis.
On the Forecasting of Nor'westers in Gangetic West Bengal
Authors: SIRCAR N.C. RAI
Published: May 2022

A comparative study has been made of the upper air data based on radiosonde ascents at Calcutta and Allahabad, in relation to two distinct classes of days, namely, those of wide spread nor'westers of the pre-monsoon season over Gangetic West Bengal and those altogether free from such storms. It is seen that the most important contributory factors to the genesis of well developed nor westers are, increased humidity resulting in suitable distribution of wet bulb temperatures m the first two kilometres and cyclonic convergence in the lower moist air field to provide the initial impulse for upward convection, and that the advection of colder air at higher levels is not an essential criterion.

A nomogram using dry bulb and dew point temperature values at 850-mb level in the morning has been suggested to serve as an empirical, but quite a useful, tool for the forecasting of nor'westers over Gangetic West Bengal during the pre-monsoon season.
Thunderstorms and Sporadic E Layer Ionisation
Authors: RASTOGI R. G.
Published: May 2022

The paper describes the results of vertical P'-f recordings of ionospheric reflections carried out during the passage of thunderstorms over Ahmedabad. The thunderstorms were found to be accompanied by an increase in sporadic E ionisation as shown by a rise in the maximum frequency of the Ea or an increase in the intensity of reflection from Es.
Thunderstorms over Gangetic West Bengal in the pre-monsoon season and the synoptic factors favourable for their formation
Authors: KOTESWARAM P. , SRINIVASAN V.
Published: May 2022

The occurrence of thunderstorms in the pre-monsoon season over Gangetic West Bengal in relation to low level synoptic conditions as well as high level perturbations has been examined. It is shown that neither of these factors by itself can produce convective activity, the important condition being the super-position of upper divergence associated with a high level perturbation over a low level convergent area. The upper divergence occurs due to a variety of perturbations-a straight jet stream, a jet stream trough, a trough or even an anti cyclonic vortex and the lower convergence is provided by  low or trough at the surface. The importance of sheanng advection in producing divergence ill Jet stream zone is pointed out and the relative efficacy of the various perturbations in producing squalls associated with thunderstorms is analysed.
Recall Bias in Retrospective Assessment of Preoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Scores After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Shah Nihar S. , Figueras Jorge H. , Foote Austin M. , Steele Chase A. , Sabbagh Ramsey S. , Woods Olivia A. , Thomson Cameron , Schramm Violet T. , Grawe Brian M.
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Although reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has been shown to be effective for the treatment of cuff tear arthropathy (CTA), the patient's inability to accurately recall their preoperative shoulder condition could skew their perception of the effectiveness of the procedure. Identifying patients who are susceptible to notable recall bias before surgery can help surgeons counsel patients regarding expectations after surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether patients who undergo RTSA are susceptible to recall bias and, if so, which factors are associated with poor recollection.

Methods:

Patients who underwent RTSA for CTA by the senior author between September 2016 and September 2018 were identified. All patients completed the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES scores) Standardized Assessment Form at the time of preoperative assessment. Patients were contacted at a minimum of 24 months after surgery to retrospectively assess their preoperative condition.

Results:

A total of 72 patients with a mean age of 72.2 ± 7.65 years completed a retrospective shoulder assessment at 28.3 ± 7.3 months postoperatively. Patient assessment of shoulder condition showed poor reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.453, confidence interval, 0.237-0.623). Greater preoperative shoulder ASES scores were associated with a greater difference between preoperative ASES scores and recall ASES scores (β = 0.275, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Patients who undergo RTSA for CTA are susceptible to clinically significant recall bias. Patients with better preoperative condition recall worse preoperative shoulder conditions compared with patients with worse preoperative conditions and are susceptible to a higher degree of recall bias. This patient population should be identified preoperatively and have notable counseling before and after surgery to help them better understand their disease burden and what to expect after surgical intervention.

Level of Evidence:

III, diagnostic cohort study
Características poblacionales y uso de habitat del mono aullador negro (alouatta pigra) en la zona de influencia del parque nacional Laguna Lachua, Alta Verapaz
Authors: Baumgarten A. , Hernández J.F.
Published: May 2022

Se describen las características poblacionales y uso de hábitat de] mono aullador negro Alouaíta pigra (Cebidae) en un área de su rango de distribución aun no estudiada. Se usaron ios métodos de conreo directo durante recorridos sistemáticos y censo auditivo para obtener el tamaño y composición de tropas, densidad y biomasa. Las preferencias en el sustrato y especies utilizadas como alimento se determinaron mediante observaciones ad libitum durante los conteos directos y mediante análisis de muestras fecales. El tamaño promedio de tropas fue de 5.62 (desv.est. ± 1.84; n=24). Hubo tendencia hacia tropas unimacho.dc estructura poligámica. Los parámetros encontrados caen dentro de lo reportado para la especie en otros sitios de estudio. Los altos valores de las razones de adultos/ inmaduros y hembras adultas/ inmaduros Indican una población reproductivamente sana. Los datos de los censos auditivos no resultaron en muchas triangulaciones (tropas ubicadas), por lo cual no se obtuvieron datos reales sobre densidad o biomasa. Se discuten las posibles causas y formas de mejorar el método.
Los monos prefirieron árboles altos (30-40 metros), con diámetros de 50 a i 00 cm y el estrato medio de las copas. En total se encontraron 33 especies usadas como alimento (entre árboles, bejucos y epífitas), de las cuales ingerían hojas, frutos y flores. La mayoría pertenecían a la familia Moraceae. Entre las especies alimenticias hay varías con utilidad para el hombre. El sitio de estudio parece ser un hábitat favorable para Alouatta pigra al presentar especies alimenticias tanimportantes como Ficus y Brosimum y poseer áreas riberinas y estacionalmente inundadas.
Yalıhüyük-Akkise Arasının (Konya Güneyi) Önemli Mesoskopik Tektonik Yapılarına Bir Bakış
Authors: TURAN Ahmet
Published: May 2022

Orta Toros orojenik kuşağındaki Yalıhüyük ve Akkise (Konya) çevrelerinde, Toroslar’ın göreceli otoktonu olan Geyikdağı Birliği ile allokton Bozkır Birliği ve bu birliklerin Mesozoyik oluşuklarını, bölgesel bir açılı uyumsuzlukla örten neo-otokton konumlu ve Neojen sonu-Kuvaterner’e ait post-paroksizmal örtü kayaları yer alır. Bölgedeki kıvrım eksen yönelimleri ve ana kırıkların topografik gidişleri genelde KKB’dan GGD’ya doğrudur. Bu gidiş, bölgenin morfo-tektonik yapısıyla genel bir uyum içindedir ve bu yapılar, paleotektonik döneme aittirler. Ana kıvrım ve kırıkları kesen KKD-GGB ve D-B uzanımlı daha genç neotektonik kırıklar da yörede mevcuttur. Bölgedeki otokton ve alloktonlar ile Neo-Otokton birliği oluşturan kayaların sınırları genelde faylı olup, bölgenin düşük rölyefli alanları, çoğun birer depresyon alanı şeklindedir. Yalıhüyük-Akkise çevresindeki depresyonların ekserisi, söz konusu kırıkların kontrolünde oluşa gelmiş yarı grabenlerdir. Bu grabenlerin teşekkülü, paleotektonik olaylarla çökmüş ve çanaklaşmış alanların, neo-tektonik dönemde, bir taraftan akarsu-göl-dağ eteği ve alüvyal çökellerle dolmasına koşut olarak, bölgenin Neo-Tektonik hareketler ile yeniden faylanmasına bağlıdır.
A Review Paper on Benefits of Virtualization Technology
Authors: Raj Swapnil , Swati Ms.
Published: May 2022

Cloud computing is one of the most significant milestones in the development of nextgeneration technology and the growing commercial and IT fields. It aids in the resolution of issues such as data loss, data accessibility, and data security. This technology is mostly service-oriented, with an emphasis on cost reduction, hardware reduction, and a pay-as-you-go model. In cloud computing, virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual image of storage devices, servers, or network resources that may be utilized on many computers at the same time. Cloud computing is a very helpful technology that is extensively utilized across the globe. It mostly offers IT services and solutions that are available on demand. Virtualization is important in cloud computing because it allows cloud customers to access virtual storage and compute resources, which is only feasible with virtualization. Cloud computing is a new computer paradigm for businesses that is built on virtualisation, multi-tenancy, and shared infrastructures.
Cultura organizațională – factor modelator al leadershipului strategic
Authors:   Departamentul Regional de Studii pentru Managementul Resurselor de Apărare, Brașov, POPA Brîndușa Maria
Published: May 2022

"Organisational culture embodies not only a system of beliefs, values, and attitudes of the people forming the organisation, it is also a formative or shaping factor of its leadership as leadership, in its turn, shapes culture. Leaders are responsible for creating systems on which culture develops and norms are reinforced in the workplace. Culture, in response, influences the organisational environment and the strategies built to fulfil the organisational vision and mission, the policies and processes that allow this process. An organisational culture that promotes excellence, fairness, team spirit, characteristics underlain by open, two-way communication, induces the people formed in such an environment to embrace and promote its characteristics. Inevitably, the military organisation is subject to these functional principles, its members being shaped by the organisation specifics, and military education, as part of this organisation, can make a major contribution to the development of culture and the formation of leaders. We will try to demonstrate these ideas based on the analysis of the specialised studies mentioned in the article, but also on personal empirical observations."
Legal Aspects of the Exercise of Public Service
Authors: STOIAN Alexandru
Published: May 2022

"The development of the attributions of the public authorities that play a significant role in the functioning of the national defence system is achieved through human resources. The legal regulation of human resources used by the national defence system offers a wide diversity that includes both militarized categories of personnel and those with civil status. This approach distinguishes the category of civil servants, with or without special status, who work within the central and territorial authorities of the national defence system. Starting from the provisions of the fundamental law, the Constitution of Romania, the analysed regulations take into account provisions of The Administrative Code, The Statute of Military Personnel, The Law on the Preparation of the Population for Defence, The Law on the Remuneration of Staff Paid from Public Funds, which, together, give particularities to the integrated implementation, through human resources, of the functions of the national defence system."
Using digitized Native American skeletal remains to conduct osteological analyses.
Authors: Guydish Melissa , Henson Kristy
Published: May 2022

Conducting human osteological analyses using authentic excavated remains is difficult due to current laws and regulations surrounding Native American human remains. Universities which once housed these remains for analysis have since repatriated the remains or they are no longer available for teaching purposes. Plastic teaching models are insufficient to communicate the wear of excavated bones as well as pathology, variation, or nuances of native populations.  Recent technology has the potential to solve this dilemma. Three-dimensional (3D) scanning creates virtual models and stores the information so it will not be lost once the original material is repatriated. To assess this methodology, we conducted a complete osteological analysis on CT replicated human remains of one adult individual uncovered during the archaeological excavation of Clover, a Fort Ancient civilization in Cabell County, West Virginia. We hypothesize that the digital replicas allow a complete osteological analysis of the human skeletal material. Data were collected using Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Preliminary results show we can identify basic skeletal anatomy with all skeletal landmarks along with basic osteometric measurements. Estimated age is 18-20, height is +/- 170-183cm. The remains also exhibited arthritis, extreme cavities, healed tibial fracture, and possible trepanning of the occipital bone. Basic lifestyle affects are visible allowing for information on how a population lived before death. Study of digitized skeletal remains can allow for future research to teach students about human populations based on real skeletal materials.
The effects of alcohol exposure on CSB localization and concentration in stem cells.
Authors: Stanton Michael , Anthony Bruce
Published: May 2022

Alcohol and drug addiction are major problems in today’s society, and specifically in the state of West Virginia. Chronic alcohol exposure has been shown to have various effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage through oxidative stress.  Neuronal stem cell populations in the adult brain help to support neuroplasticity improving short and long term memory. Chronic alcohol exposure reduces stem cell populations and suggests a link between alcoholism treatment paradigms and the damage induced to stem cells during use.  Previous studies show as much as 40% reduction in stem cell numbers from chronic alcohol use and many cells experience substantial DNA damage.  However, the mechanism repair mechanism used by exposed cells to repair DNA lesions is unknown.   This study analyzes expression and localization of the CSB (ERCC6) protein responsible for recruitment and imitation of a Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) mechanism necessary in DNA repair. Both alcohol treated and control stem cells were examined by immune-cytochemistry and western blot in order to analyze variations in protein expression and nuclear localization. We demonstrate changes in expression and increased localization to alcohol induced DNA lesions.  This demonstrates a possible mechanism for Cellular losses in adult alcoholism.
Smoke screen foraging: an observation of an unusual foraging behavior of the northern pike, Esox lucius.
Authors: Welsh Stuart
Published: May 2022

The foraging behavior of the northern pike is well documented. Northern pike often remain motionless while waiting for prey, a strategy known as lie-in-wait. Sometimes northern pike will cruise weed lines and mudflats in search of prey. When prey is encountered, the northern pike often initiates its fast-start attack, a high-powered burst of acceleration from a stationary or near resting position. In the initial stages of attack, the northern pike contorts its body into an S-shape, with median fins erect. Then large-amplitude movements are achieved with its long and streamlined muscular body, where the increased surface area of the erected posteriorly-positioned median fins propels and thrusts the fish forward toward the prey. Herein, we document an unusual foraging behavior of a northern pike approaching a fishing lure, an observation that was video-recorded while ice fishing on Deep Creek Lake, a reservoir in the Youghiogheny River drainage of western Maryland. The 68.6 cm (27 in.) TL northern pike approached and hesitated at about 15 cm from the lure, then paddled the bottom sediment with an alternate rowing motion of its left and right pectoral fins. This fin-churning motion created a large cloud or plume of sediment. The pike, while completely hidden in the expanding sediment plume, swam forward and then upward to engulf the lure. The use of a sediment plume during foraging is similar to a military maneuver known as a smoke screen, thus we label this unusual behavior as smoke screen foraging.
Expanding the traditional Microbiology Disk Diffusion Lab
Authors: Dellagatta Jessica Nicole
Published: May 2022

Determining the effect of antimicrobials using the disk diffusion (Kirby-Baur) method is a common laboratory exercise in a first year microbiology course. This exercise is usually done with commercially available antibiotic containing disks, mimicking what would be done in a clinical microbiology lab. The goal of this work was to look for ways to make this standard lab more open ended and investigative. Plant essential oils are readily available and are known to have antimicrobial activity. The effect of Peppermint, Tea Tree, and Lavender essential oils on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Enterobacter aerogenes was determined using a disk diffusion assay and compared to effect of ampicillin. Overall, the essential oils did not show a significant effect on bacterial growth and would not be appropriate for an introductory microbiology lab.
Using Programming to Automate the Creation of Excel Spreadsheets
Authors: STADNITCHII VASILE , WANG ZHIJUN , WANG QING
Published: May 2022

While conducting research, many find themselves doing mundane tasks using the computer. Although important these tasks can slow research down and take focus away from what really matters. Furthermore, research often requires the visualization of data. This can be done using various tools and methods, but shares the same problem: it is time consuming. This is especially true for large data sets. This study aims to find the effectiveness of using scripting and programming to automate some of these tasks. One thing that mundane tasks have in common is that they are often repetitive and have a pattern to completing them. For example: Moving data from format A to format B, generating graph C, and repeating the procedure N times. For people moving data from one format to another might not be that difficult of a task, but doing that task N times is difficult, especially when N is really big. The opposite is true for a computer program. It might be somewhat difficult to programmatically move data from one format to another, but once that is done, doing it N times becomes irrelevant. The project was supported by NIH Grant P20GM103434 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence and the Research Challenge Fund through a Summer Undergraduate Research Experience Grant from the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission Division of Science and Research.
ISOTHERM AND X-RAY MEASUREMENTS OF A LANGMUIR MONOLAYER OF A NON-POLAR HYDROCARBON CHAIN MOLECULE
Authors: Li Mengyang , SMITH MICHAEL D. C. , SIMMS GERREN D.
Published: May 2022

Traditionally Langmuir monolayers and lipids bilayers (including cell membranes) on water interfaces are made of amphiphilic molecules with both polar hydrophilic and non-polar hydrophobic parts.  It has been discovered that non-polar hydrocarbon chain molecules without the polar hydrophilic part, can also form Langmuir monolayers on water when the chain molecule has more than 30 carbon atoms.  Here we report the surface pressure vs. area isotherm measurements of a H(CH2)36H film on water, which show the film’s maximum compression modulus (greatest resistance to lateral compression) at about 19 Å2/molecule, independent of the compression speed, like the Langmuir monolayers of long chain saturated fatty acids do.  The cross-section area of the hydrocarbon chain is about 19 Å2.  Our measurements confirm the formation of a Langmuir monolayer by H(CH2)36H, a non-polar hydrocarbon chain molecule.  X-ray measurements reveal structural information of the monolayer.
First Two Network: Improving STEM persistence in the first two years of college.
Authors: Heatherly Sue Ann , Harvey Erica , Howley Caitlin
Published: May 2022

Many college students in West Virginia hail from rural communities and are the first in their families to pursue an undergraduate degree. Research indicates that first-generation college students can face particular barriers to their postsecondary persistence, as can rural students. However, data on the persistence of first-generation college students who are also from rural places is scant. To better understand—and help remove—the barriers confronting such young people interested in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), the FIRST TWO Project (https://first2network.org/) brings together community college and university faculty, administrators, national laboratory professionals, and rural education experts. The FIRST TWO pilot program integrates early STEM experiences via internships, a support network for rural first-generation STEM students, and STEM skills development through a discovery-based "principles of research and development" college seminar for first-year students. A "Hometown Ambassadors" program component prepares students to return to their home communities to engage younger students’ interest in STEM, and teachers’ and school board members’ support for STEM education. Our goal is for project courses and support mechanisms to be fully transferrable to other institutions of higher education in the state so that, ultimately, more rural first-generation students participate in the wider STEM enterprise.   Funding for the project is provided by the National Science Foundation INCLUDES (Inclusion across the Nation of Communities of Learners of Underrepresented Discoverers in Engineering and Science) initiative.
Effect of Mechanistic Surface Conditions on Extremely Fast Flame Acceleration in Obstructed Cylindrical Pipes
Authors: Alkandari Rawan , Adebiyi Abdulafeez , Akkerman V’yacheslav
Published: May 2022

Abstract: The Bychkov model of extremely fast flame acceleration in obstructed cylindrical pipes [Combust. Flame 157 (2010) 2012] employs a number of simplifying assumptions, including those of slip and adiabatic surfaces of the obstacles and the pipe wall. In the present work, the influence of various mechanistic surface conditions on the combustion process in cylindrical pipes with in-built parallel, tightly-spaced obstacles is scrutinized by means of the computational simulations of the axisymmetric combustion equations with fully-compressible hydrodynamics and Arrhenius chemical kinetics. Specifically, nonslip and slip surfaces are compared for the obstacles blockage ratio α in the range 1/3 ≤ α ≤ 2/3 and the spacing between the obstacles Δz in the range 0.25 ≤ Δz/R ≤ 2.0. It is shown that the impact of surface friction on flame acceleration is minor, 1.3~3.5%, being positive in a pipe with Δz/R = 0.5 and negative for Δz/R = 0.25. With the fact that the real boundary conditions are neither slip nor nonslip; but in between these categories, the present study thereby justifies the Bychkov model and makes its wider applicable to the practical reality. While this result can be naively anticipated and elucidated by the very fact that the flame dynamics is mainly driven by burning in the unobstructed portion of an obstructed pipe (i.e. far from the wall), the situation is, however, qualitatively different from that in the unobstructed pipes, where the flame dynamics in the events of slip and non-slip walls differ drastically (quantitatively) and conceptually (qualitatively).
Constructing a NPC1L1 Knockout Line in Zebrafish using CRISPR Cas9.
Authors: Duncan Benjamin Cody , Walters James W
Published: May 2022

How the intestinal absorption of lipids impact dyslipidemias such as obesity and diabetes is currently under debate. NPC1L1 is a critical transport protein in intestinal enterocyte cholesterol absorption. To understand the mechanism of NPC1L1 uptake within the enterocyte, we are creating a npc1l1 -/- (knockout) line in zebrafish. We hypothesize that the npc1l1 -/- larval zebrafish will show reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption when challenged to a high fat diet compared to wild type larvae. To do this, we have used a gene editing tool known as CRISPR to create genomic mutations within the npc1l1 sequence. The CRISPR complex will create double stranded breaks that the embryo will try to mitigate by using non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. We hypothesize some of the mutations will result in premature stop codons disrupting the translation of the protein. The crRNA:tracrRNA guide complex was assembled and Cas9 mRNA was amplified, the crRNA:tracrRNA complex and the Cas9 mRNA were injected into embryos where the complex and Cas9 combine to form the CRISPR duplex. Two of four guide complexes were injected showing survival rates of 16.7% (complex 329) and 8.7% (complex 291). After raising injected embryos, we will screen for frame shifts by sequencing to identify mutations where we will then raise a npc1l1 -/- line. To date, no frameshift mutation has been observed, however; we hypothesize that newly placed PCR primers will validate our hypothesis.    Acknowledgements: Supported by NIH Grant 2P20GM1.343_14 P1500699 to the West Virginia IDEA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence.
Testing the “five second rule” – a potential microbiology lab exercise
Authors: Bombard Joshua , Roof Steven
Published: May 2022

The “5-second rule” states that it is safe to consume a piece of food that has been dropped on the floor, provided one picks it up within five seconds.  Most students have heard of this rule which provides a hook for learning how we might test the rule.  The goal of this project was to develop a simple and inexpensive method for evaluating the five second rule that could be incorporated into a beginning microbiology lab.  Ideally the procedure would inspire students to ask new questions, propose hypotheses and test them.  Overnight cultures of Escherichia coli were placed on a glass slides and allowed to dry.  When the cultures were dry various objects (plastic beads, wood chips, sponges) were placed on the glass surface for various lengths of time.  To detect transfer of bacteria from the slide to the object, the objects were put into nutrient both or placed on an agar plate, and incubated overnight to detect growth of E. coli.    As expected damp and more porous objects were more consistently contaminated compared to dry and less porous objects.  Detection of contamination using a broth culture was easier to interpret.  Additional objects were tried, but sterilization of those proved difficult.  Overall the protocol developed is easy to carry out and was reproducible, both important aspects of a course lab exercise.