bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’Écrivain et le Marché unique
Authors: Bonnamy Céleste
Published: November 2017

Cet article analyse comment la redéfinition de la problématique du droit d’auteur par l’UE afin de construire un marché unique numérique affecte les stratégies de mobilisation de deux associations de représentants d’écrivains français, habituées à interagir avec le ministère de la Culture français sur ces questions. L’article identifie un double phénomène : d’une part le maintien de manières de faire antérieures, dû à une logique de path dependency et un manque de capital social européen ; et d’autre part une transnationalisation de l’action en résistance à une possible supranationalisation, produit de la réfraction de logiques du champ de l’Eurocratie par le champ littéraire français.
The review of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive
Authors: Vlassis Antonios
Published: November 2017

L’agenda de l’Union européenne (UE) sur les biens et services audiovisuels est actuellement dominé par la révision de la directive « Services Médias Audiovisuels » (SMA). La nouvelle directive – proposée par la Commission européenne en mai 2016 – vise à établir des nouvelles normes de gouvernance pour le secteur audiovisuel dans un contexte numérique changeant. La portée de l’article est de mettre en lumière pourquoi et comment des acteurs non-étatiques, tels que des sociétés du numérique, des associations et des organisations de professionnels de la culture, abordent la gouvernance de l’audiovisuel et les mécanismes appropriés pour réguler le secteur dans le contexte de la transformation numérique.
L’action culturelle dans la politique commerciale extérieure de l’UE
Authors: Richieri Hanania Lilian
Published: November 2017

Cet article a pour objet le traitement de l’interface « commerce – culture » dans la politique commerciale extérieure de l’Union européenne (UE), avec un accent particulier sur le numérique. Il examine les différentes dispositions sur le secteur de l’audiovisuel et le numérique dans les accords bilatéraux et régionaux de commerce européens, afin d’identifier la manière dont l’UE reconnaît la spécificité de ce secteur et la stratégie qu’elle emploie afin de conserver sa marge de manœuvre en matière de politique culturelle dans ces accords. L’article la compare à la stratégie d’autres partenaires commerciaux de l’UE, et tient compte des principes et objectifs reconnus au sein de l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l’éducation, la science et la culture (UNESCO), notamment par la Convention de 2005 sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles.
Towards a European strategy on culture and development
Authors: Garner Ben
Published: November 2017

Cet article examine les tentatives récentes de l’UE de définir la place de la culture dans ces relations extérieures, et en particulier dans le domaine de la coopération pour le développement. L’article se concentre sur le modèle proposé dans le cadre de l’Accord de partenariat économique (APE) UE-CARIFORUM conclu en 2008. Le contenu et dispositions de mise en œuvre des clauses culturelles de l’APE sont examinés et resitués dans le débat plus large sur le rôle « instrumental » de la culture dans les politiques de développement. Certaines des leçons tirées de l’APE sont ensuite utilisées pour formuler quelques réflexions critiques quant à la stratégie émergente de l’UE pour la culture et le développement.
Geometry of Uniform Spanning Forest Components in High Dimensions
Authors: Barlow Martin T. , Járai Antal A.
Published: November 2017

We study the geometry of the component of the origin in the uniform spanning forest of $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$ and give bounds on the size of balls in the intrinsic metric.
Quantum Symmetries of Graph C*-algebras
Authors: Schmidt Simon , Weber Moritz
Published: November 2017

The study of graph C*-algebras has a long history in operator algebras. Surprisingly, their quantum symmetries have not yet been computed. We close this gap by proving that the quantum automorphism group of a finite, directed graph without multiple edges acts maximally on the corresponding graph C*-algebra. This shows that the quantum symmetry of a graph coincides with the quantum symmetry of the graph C*-algebra. In our result, we use the definition of quantum automorphism groups of graphs as given by Banica in 2005. Note that Bichon gave a different definition in 2003; our action is inspired from his work. We review and compare these two definitions and we give a complete table of quantum automorphism groups (with respect to either of the two definitions) for undirected graphs on four vertices.
On Deformations of 1-motives
Authors: Bertapelle A. , Mazzari N.
Published: November 2017

According to a well-known theorem of Serre and Tate, the infinitesimal deformation theory of an abelian variety in positive characteristic is equivalent to the infinitesimal deformation theory of its Barsotti–Tate group. We extend this result to 1-motives.
Finsler Warped Product Metrics of Douglas Type
Authors: Liu Huaifu , Mo Xiaohuan
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we study the warped structures of Finsler metrics. We obtain the differential equation that characterizes Finsler warped product metrics with vanishing Douglas curvature. By solving this equation, we obtain all Finsler warped product Douglas metrics. Some new Douglas Finsler metrics of this type are produced by using known spherically symmetric Douglas metrics.
A Singaporean Study on Macroeconomic Variables Impacting Stock Returns
Authors: Goh Boon Leng Mark , Talib Ameen Ali
Published: November 2017

Stock market returns has increasingly become a leading indicator of a country’s economic performance. This explains academia’s growing interest in determining factors affecting stock returns. A majority of recent studies on Singapore’s economic performance focused centrally around policy impact or property prices, and not specifically on stock returns. This study aimed to fill this gap, by examining if, and how, historical movements in the Straits Times Index (STI) were explained by the S$NEER, Monetary Supply, CPI, Balance of Payments, Crude Oil Prices, Electricity Generated, GFCF, Industrial Production, Merchandise Trade, or Labour Cost. By utilizing a Structural Vector Auto regression (SVAR) Model, approximately 48% of the STI’s variance was collectively attributable to these ten macroeconomic variables, all of which had short-term impact on the STI. Looking forward, further research could be conducted examining the impact of said variables on individual sectoral stock indices, for greater insight on the dynamics of their relationships.
On Translation Obstacles of Metaphorical Language
Authors: He Ke-yu , Yun Hong
Published: November 2017

Metaphor is not only an important figure of speech, but also a cognitive means of human mind. The people with different means of thinking have different cultures. The metaphorical language used by people must be fully saturated with culture peculiar to it. So because of the influence of cultural factor, the translation of metaphorical becomes the most important particular problem. Therefore, based on homogeneity and heterogeneity, the paper tries to explore the reasons for translation obstacles and strategy in order that his/her versions of metaphorical language could really become a medium in disseminating culture.
Textural and Petrographic Characterization of the Soil of Amtiman (South-East Chad)
Authors: ZAGALO Al-hadj Hamid , KWEKAM Maurice , NGAPGUE François , TCHERE Idriss Goudja
Published: November 2017

The textural and petrographic characteristics of the soils of the city of Amtiman and their behavior on swelling and shrinkage are presented here.The soils of the town of Amtiman (Chad) have a predominantly clay texture and the clays are mainly exposed on the surface. The results of this work include characterizing the type of clay present in the city. These are the heterogeneous layers of clayey soils consisting mainly of surface-bound illites but also of kaolinite intercalation at depth.These results suggest that the phenomenon of shrinkage of the clays (Illite and kaolinite) of the city of Amtiman is very low and that this city belongs to the sedimentary basin of Salamat.
Human Resources Management Practices, Psychological Contract Fulfillment and Organizational Commitment in Deluxe Hotels in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-miman Mansour A.
Published: November 2017

This paper study the relationship of the effectiveness of the human resources management practices of the hotels employees in the western region (Jeddah City) of Saudi Arabia with respect to their Psychological contract fulfilment (PCFul) and Organizational Commitment (OC). Data was collected from 36 hotels. Using the employees' responses, the study indicated that Human Resources practices influenced employees’ perceived Psychological contract fulfilment and their Organizational Commitment, where Human Resources Management (HRM) practices are positively related to Psychological contract fulfilment and OC. The study examined whether employees consider (HRM) practices an important tool while developing psychological contracts, and presented the prospective role of the Human Resources for Developmental Purposes to foster change in the hotel industry in Saudi Arabia.
‘Een kakafonie van woeste woede’: reflecties op de opkomst van de ‘boze burger’
Authors: Karré Philip Marcel , Jansen Thijs , van den Brink Gabriël
Published: November 2017

Introduction special issue on angry citizens and societal unease

The articles in this special issue try to shed some light on the rise of societal unease and political discontent in the Netherlands. It is often assumed that citizens are angry and can no longer identify with the actions undertaken by government. But is this really true? Who are these ‘angry citizens’ that everybody seems to be talking about? Do they really exist and what are they angry about? How to square the heated discussions about the angry citizen with research that shows that trust in government still is quite high in the Netherlands? How can we understand the motivations of societal discontent and how can government react to citizens reacting to its actions more emotionally than before?
Maatschappelijk onbehagen en burgerlijke boosheid
Authors: Dekker Paul
Published: November 2017

Societal unease and civic anger

In recent narratives about the negative mood of the Dutch, ‘societal unease’ and ‘angry citizens’ seem to be concepts that are directly linked: angry behaviour is the manifestation of deep feelings of unease. Is it that simple? In this contribution, I use the Citizens’ Outlook Barometer (COB) to investigate unease and anger, and their relationship. The spread of unease in today’s Netherlands is outlined quantitatively using indicators for strong societal pessimism and political discontent (a complex of negative attitudes towards national politics and globalization). The approach to anger is more exploratory. Anger is definitely not the most dominant feeling that pessimists are aware of, but their explanations of why the country is heading in the wrong direction do often reveal anger. Interviewing ‘angry citizens’ suggests that they are not ‘angry people’ in general, but that their anger is limited to politics and social issues, and is sometimes instrumental (‘you have to express yourself angrily to be heard’). This civic anger can be important both in addressing injustice in politics and as a source of action. It is better to approach anger as a topic in its own right rather than to frame it as an expression of unease.
Woede door verwaarlozing
Authors: van den Brink Gabriël
Published: November 2017

Anger due to neglect: why many citizens oppose change

In this very personal narrative, Gabriël van den Brink analyses why many citizens seem to oppose change instigated by government. In his view, this is due to government and society elites embracing a paradigm of change which is based on an unrealistic view on modernity. He analyses what this means, what its effects are and proposes a new way to go forward.
Over woede en rechtvaardigheid
Authors: Jansen Thijs
Published: November 2017

Anger and justice: Liberal democracy as the end of history or the end of liberal democracy?

Populism, terrorist attacks, global revolutions, threats against public figures, hate and fury on social media. All of this suggests that we appear to be living in an ‘age of anger’, as Pankaj Mishra calls it. Everyone is sometimes outraged or angry, but in these times we see permanent moods of anger and revenge raging. This makes classic questions current again: how should anger in the public domain be understood? Is it always inappropriate and should it be controlled and condemned under all circumstances? Or is anger necessary to highlight structural injustices and to force change? The justification of anger is very delicate.. In this article the author discusses these questions based on philosophical treatises of anger by Martha Nussbaum, Peter Sloterdijk, Slavoj Žižek and Pankaj Mishra.
Lessen voor de omgang met het onbehagen
Authors: Steur Boudewijn , Zandstra Thomas , van Droffelaar Yosha
Published: November 2017

Lessons for how to deal with social discontent

Recently the authors, who all work at the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, published a paper in which they analysed contemporary literature and research on social discontent to clarify whether this current feeling of discontent is different to previous periods of discontent and how it might affect the functioning of the Dutch government. In addition, to strengthen their analysis they discussed its implications with local politicians, experts and practitioners. In this article, the authors reflect on the outcome of these discussions. Their dialogues revealed that there is a need to redefine the dialogue between administration and society. They distilled five lessons from these discussions: they argue that government should be more 1) reliable and credible, 2) responsive, 3) effective, 4) empathic and 5) cohesive.
Acht stellingen bij wijze van uitdaging
Authors: van den Brink Gabriël , Jansen Thijs , Karré Philip Marcel
Published: November 2017

Conclusion and discussion: Eight statements as a challenge

In this article we draw several conclusions based on the individual contributions to our special issue. We do so by making eight statements that in our view should contribute to the discussion on societal discontent and political unease in the Netherlands.
Specifieke of generieke institutionalisering van beleid voor de lange termijn
Authors: Faber Albert , van Dijk Dylan , de Goede Peter
Published: November 2017

Specific or generic institutionalization of long-term policies

Policy decisions taken now can determine the room for manoeuvre of future generations for a very long term. Politicians and civil servants often only seem to be interested in short-term implications, however. A major focus on the short term does not provide sufficient stability and impetus for long-term structural measures. This is primarily an institutional issue. In this article, the authors discuss how to instil a long-term focus in day-to-day processes of policymaking.
Gevangenissen en herstel: reflecties over nut en noodzaak van een herstelgerichte detentiepraktijk
Authors: Nelissen Peter
Published: November 2017

Prisons and restoration. Reflections on the purpose and necessity of restorative practices in prison

In this contribution, the justification of restorative practices in prison is first discussed from a normative perspective. On the basis of Lippke’s retributive theory of imprisonment it is argued that modern, humane retributive sanctioning entails an obligation to provide prisoners with opportunities to engage in restorative practices. Second, restorative practices in prison are examined from the perspective of possible impacts on the empowerment of prisoners and their experience to move away from crime and do good. Finally, it is argued that in order to yield positive effects, restorative practices in prison need to be supported by a safe and healthy living environment.
Dinâmica locacional dos espaços públicos de lazer na cidade de Teresina-PI / Locational dynamics of public leisure spaces in the city of Teresina-PI
Authors: Dos Santos Laudenides Pontes , Ortigoza Silvia Aparecida Guarnieri
Published: November 2017

Este artigo visa analisar como o lazer tem sido vivenciado na cidade de Teresina-PI, através da caracterização da dinâmica locacional dos espaços públicos utilizados para esse fim. Os objetivos foram constatar os tipos de espaços mais presentes, verificar a distribuição destes nas zonas e bairros e analisar as causas de tal distribuição. Como procedimento metodológico adotou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas junto aos órgãos de planejamento da cidade e moradores, visitas e mapeamento dos espaços. Como resultados verificou-se uma má distribuição desses espaços dentro das zonas, ou seja, alguns bairros centralizam os espaços enquanto outros não os possuem. O espaço em maior número são as praças, há uma centralização dos espaços culturais e que a zona com menos equipamentos é a Sudeste, apesar de apresentar uma forte expansão urbana.

Palavras-chaves: Espaços Públicos. Lazer. Teresina-PI.

Abstract

This article aims to analyze how leisure has been experienced in the city of Teresina-PI, through the characterization of the locational dynamics of the public spaces used for this purpose. The objectives were to verify the most common types of leisure spaces, to verify their distribution in the areas and in the neighborhoods of the city and to analyze the causes of such distribution. As a methodological procedure were adopted a bibliographic research, documentary research and field research through interviews with the planning sectors of the city and residents, visits and mapping of the spaces. As a result, it was verified a poor distribution of these spaces through the areas of the city, in other words, some neighborhoods concentrate such spaces while other neighborhoods have none of them. The most found leisure spaces present in the city are squares, there is a centralization of cultural spaces and the area with the least number of equipment is the Southeast region of the city, although this region has a strong urban expansion.

Keywords: Public Spaces. Leisure. Teresina-PI.
Territorialização da agricultura empresarial em Uruçuí/PI: de "espaço vazio" aos imperativos do agronegócio
Authors: Silva Antonio Joaquim da , Monteiro Maria do Socorro Lira , Barbosa Eriosvaldo Lima
Published: November 2017

O processo de expansão da fronteira agrícola no cerrado piauiense, comandada pelo agronegócio, consubstancia-se como o fenômeno responsável por transformações socioespaciais que atingem diretamente a organização do território. Este estudo qualiquantitativo tem como objetivo analisar os fatores responsáveis para a consolidação da agricultura empresarial no município de Uruçuí/PI e as consequências desse fato para a posse e uso da terra e para a agricultura familiar. Uruçuí se destaca pelo pioneirismo em abrigar empreendimentos graníferos no Estado e a disponibilizar infraestrutura para o agronegócio e liderar o ranking de municípios com o melhor PIB per capita. A investigação sustentou-se no método dialético, cujos procedimentos técnicos basearam-se nas pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e levantamento, como também na aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas entre três empreendimentos graníferos, selecionados por acessibilidade e em razão do tempo de instalação em Uruçuí, em distintos períodos. Concluiu-se que a chegada da agricultura empresarial no município inicia nos anos 1980 e intensifica-se na década de 1990, cujos motivos para a instalação se referiram, a priori, ao baixo preço das terras, às condições geoambientais e à existência de um mercado regional. E a posteriori, vincularam-se à infraestrutura implantada para financiar, produzir, armazenar e distribuir as mercadorias, bem como a ampliação da participação do país no mercado internacional, tendo o Estado papel relevante nesse processo, o que repercutiu na continuidade da pequena produção familiar.
Análise multitemporal da linha de costa da praia de Macapá no litoral do Piauí a partir de imagens Landsat / Multitemporal analysis of the coastline of Macapá beach on the coast of Piauí from Landsat images
Authors: Gomes Érico Rodrigues , Araújo Inessa Racine Gomes de
Published: November 2017

A planície costeira do estado do Piauí tem passado por diversas intervenções em função das atividades naturais e humanas. A zona costeira representa uma unidade de paisagem que mesmo sem apresentar grande ocupação já apresenta indicativos ambientais no que se refere a erosão costeira. A metodologia foi baseada em uma análise de séries temporais de 30 anos (1985 a 2015) através de imagens Landsat para a detecção e variação da linha de costa. Os resultados obtidos indicam que há uma tendência generalizada no processo de avanço das águas oceânicas sobre a linha da costa na praia de Macapá e que está relacionado com a dinâmica costeira e também com o fato de que neste local há intensa carga de sedimentos oriundos do continente, através do trabalho de deposição e transporte dos rios Cardoso e Camurupim, que deságuam no oceano em forma de estuário.

Palavras–chave: erosão costeira, monitoramento costeiro, linha de costa, sensoriamento remoto.

Abstract

The coastal plain of the state of Piauí has undergone several interventions due to natural and human activities. The coastal zone represents a landscape unit that even without presenting great occupation already presents environmental indicatives with respect to coastal erosion. he methodology was based on a 30-year time series analysis (1985 to 2015) using Landsat images for the detection and variation of the coastline. The results indicate that there is a general tendency in the process of advancing the oceanic waters on the coastline in the beach of Macapá and that is related to the coastal dynamics and also to the fact that in this place there is an intense load of sediments originating from the continent, through the work of deposition and transportation of the rivers Cardoso and Camurupim, that fall into the ocean in the form of estuary.

Keywords: coastal erosion, coastal monitoring, coast line, remote sensing.
Centralidade dos serviços de saúde na zona leste de Teresina (PI): uma análise de sua produção espacial / Centrality of the health services in the East region of Teresina, PI: an analysis of its space production
Authors: Carvalho Bueno Paulo Henrique de , Lima Antônia Jesuíta de
Published: November 2017

Compreende-se a centralidade intraurbana como especializações funcionais de algumas frações espaciais da cidade que se singularizam a partir da concentração e geração de fluxos permanentes de pessoas e mercadorias. Nessa direção, a centralidade dos serviços de saúde de Teresina tem seu marco inicial com a instalação do Hospital Getúlio Vargas (1941) no centro histórico da cidade. Desde então, diversos hospitais, clínicas, laboratórios e atividades correlatas aí se instalaram, o que lhes configura como o espaço de maior concentração destes na cidade. Mas, a partir dos anos 2000 inicia-se um processo de descentralização dos serviços de saúde para outros espaços citadinos, notadamente para os bairros mais centrais da zona Leste. Nesse sentido, objetiva-se analisar a produção espacial da centralidade dos serviços de saúde na zona Leste de Teresina, pautado em depoimentos de profissionais e empreendedores dos bairros Fátima, Jóquei e São Cristóvão que lidam com os referidos serviços. Argumenta-se que a constituição dessa nova centralidade dos serviços de saúde de Teresina baseia-se na busca do segmento de renda alta da cidade, o qual exige serviços exclusivos e próximos aos seus locais de moradia ou de mais fácil acessibilidade quando comparados aos encontrados no centro principal.

Palavras-chaves: Centralidade. Serviços de Saúde. Zona Leste de Teresina.

Abstract

The intraurban centrality is understood as the functional specializations of some space fractions of the city that singularize from the concentration of people and goods permanent flux generation. In this direction, the centrality of the health services of Teresina has its beginning with the installation of Getúlio Vargas Hospital (1941) in the historic center of the city. Since then, several hospitals, laboratories and related activities have been installed, which is configured as their greatest concentration space of this city. But, from 2000, a process of decentralization of health services has begun to other city places, mainly to the more central districts of the East region. This way, it is aimed to analyze the space production of the centrality of the health services in the least region of Teresina, based on the testimony of the professionals and entrepreneurs of the districts of Fátima, Jóquei and São Cristóvão that deal with such services. It argues that the constitution of this new centrality of health services in Teresina is based on the search for the high income population of the city, which demands exclusive services and near their living places or of easier accessibility when compared to the ones found in the main downtown. 

Keywords: Centrality. Health Services. East Region of Teresina.
Musealização do território e Geoconservação Aplicada: fundamentos e correlações conceituais no direito brasileiro Territorial / Musealisation and Applied Geoconservation: Conceptual Bases and Correlations in Brazilian Law
Authors: Alvarenga Luciano José , Castro Paulo de Tarso Amorim
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho objetiva propor o museu de território, no quadro do direito brasileiro, para desenvolvimento de iniciativas de geoconservação. Apresentam-se fundamentos conceituais e normativos da musealização de território, correlacionando-os aos objetivos da conservação do patrimônio geológico. No campo da Geoconservação Aplicada, que enfoca políticas, normas e instrumentos para valorização e proteção de lugares singulares pelos atributos, processos geológicos ou geomorfológicos que neles têm ou tiveram lugar, esta reflexão visa trazer contributos à classificação e formalização jurídica de espaços de conservação do patrimônio geológico no Brasil.

Palavras-chave: Geoconservação; Musealização; Direito Ambiental; Patrimônio Geológico; Patrimônio Cultural.

Abstract

This work aims to propose the Territory Museum, within the framework of Brazilian law, for the development of geoconservation initiatives. Conceptual and normative bases of the musealisation of the territory are presented, correlating them to the objectives of the conservation of the geological heritage. Applied Geoconservation focuses on policies, norms and instruments for the valorization and protection of singular sites by the attributes, geological or geomorphological processes that have or have taken place at these sites. Dealing with these concepts, this reflection intends to contribute to the classification and also legal formalization of conservation spaces of geological heritage in Brazil.

 

Keywords: Geoconservation; Musealisation; Environmental Law; Geological heritage; Cultural heritage.
Elaboração de material didático para ensino sobre terremoto / The elaboration of didactic material for the teaching about earthquakes
Authors: Cantu Caroline , Mussa Malvezzi Cecília
Published: November 2017

Este artigo tem como foco central abordar a elaboração de um material didático dinâmico que auxilie no processo de ensino e aprendizagem sobre a temática geológica: terremoto. O experimento foi produzido pelos alunos de Geografia, na matéria de geologia, na FACIP, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Para isso, foi discutida a importância do material didático para a construção do conhecimento e como se dá o processo de formação do mesmo, além das etapas de elaboração do material e um breve aclaramento sobre a dinâmica tratada. Portanto, conclui-se que o material didático é um recurso essencial para as aulas de geografia física, principalmente na temática sobre terremotos, visto que é um processo dinâmico e abstrato. Representar aos alunos como ocorre o terremoto através do material didático dinâmico gera resultados satisfatórios quanto ao processo de construção do conhecimento.

Palavras–chave: Ensino-aprendizagem; Material didático dinâmico; Terremoto.

Abstract

This article focuses mainly on approaching the elaboration of a dynamic didactic material that helps in the process of teaching and learning about earthquakes. The experiment was produced by the students of Geography, in the subject of Geology, at the FACIP, Federal University of Uberlândia. In order to do this, we discussed about the importance of the didactic material for the construction of knowledge and how the formation process takes place, beside the stages of material elaboration and a brief clarification on the treated dynamics. Therefore, it is concluded that the didactic material is an essential resource for the classes of physical geography, mainly in the subject about earthquakes, since it is a dynamic and abstract process. Representing to the students how the earthquake occurs through the dynamic didactic material generates as satisfactory results as the process of building knowledge.

Keywords: teaching-learning; Dynamic didactic material; Earthquakes.
Toponímia das cidades pertencentes ao Caminho dos Diamantes: dois séculos de viagens motivadas pela geodiversidade
Authors: De Paula Suzana Fernandes , Castro Paulo de Tarso Amorim
Published: November 2017

As cidades pertencentes ao Caminho dos Diamantes, trecho da Estrada Real no estado Minas Gerais, foram construídas lado-a-lado com as áreas de mineração que deixaram marcas na paisagem. Além do mais, essa região apresenta beleza inigualável devido sua localização e especificidades geológicas e geomorfológicas características do Quadrilátero Ferrífero e Serra do Espinhaço. Em virtude de sua geodiversidade e história intimamente ligada à mineração, o Caminho dos Diamantes apresenta diversas características relacionadas aos aspectos mineiros e geológicos que são expressadas, inclusive, na toponímia dos municípios que a compõe. Esse trabalho pretende fazer um levantamento sobre a origem dos nomes dessas localidades, qualificar e quantificar quais possuem uma influência direta relacionada à geodiversidade e patrimônio geomineiro sendo possível, assim, dimensionar o quão presente é a influência destes aspectos na configuração e identidades destas localidades.

Palavras–chave: Caminho dos Diamantes; Toponímia; Patrimônio geomineiro; Geodiversidade.

Abstract

The cities belonging to the Caminho dos Diamantes, part of the Estrada Real in the state of Minas Gerais, were built side-by-side with the mining areas that left marks on the landscape. What's more, this region has incomparable beauty in function to its location and geological and geomorphological specificities characteristic of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero and Serra do Espinhaço. In function to its geodiversity and history closely linked to mining, the Caminho dos Diamantes presents several characteristics related to the mining and geological aspects that are expressed, including, in the toponymy of the municipalities that compose it.  This work intends to make a survey about the origin of the names of these localities, qualify and quantify which have a direct influence related to geodiversity and geological and mining heritage being possible, so, to assess how present is the influence of these aspects on the configuration and identities of these localities.

Keywords: Caminho dos Diamantes; Toponymy; Geological and Mining heritage; Geodirvesity
A Rede Global de Geoparques e os Desafios da Integração dos Geoparques Brasileiros / The Global Networks of Geoparks and the Challenges of Integrating Brazilian Geoparks
Authors: Rocha Leonardo Cristian , Ferreira Arlon Cândido , Figueiredo Múcio Do Amaral
Published: November 2017

O desenvolvimento dos ideais conservacionistas e a preservação do patrimônio geológico são temáticas recentes no âmbito da conservação dos recursos abióticos, influenciando na construção de novos conceitos e iniciativas para a conservação da natureza. Dentre essas iniciativas, podemos destacar a criação dos geoparques, que representam parte de um conceito de proteção, educação e desenvolvimento sustentável, partindo do princípio da valorização das atrações turísticas com ênfase nos aspectos geológicos, sociais e culturais de determinada região. Com a criação da Rede Global de Geoparque, sobre a tutela da UNESCO, essas áreas se tornarem cada vez mais valorizadas e seu ingresso à rede deve seguir diversas recomendações. Apesar do Brasil possuir um dos maiores potenciais geológicos do planeta, atualmente o país possui um único geoparque reconhecido pela UNESCO, apesar da existência de 36 propostas. Diversos são as dificuldades que impedem o Brasil de efetivar mais participantes na Rede Global de Geoparques, sendo necessário vencer desafios que vão deste a falta de planejamento especifico a políticas de educação patrimonial. Somente vencendo esses desafios, os geoparques brasileiros conseguirão seu grande objetivo, o reconhecimento pela UNESCO.

Palavras–chave: Geoparques; Desafios; Rede Global de Geoparques.

Abstract

The development of conservation ideals and the preservation of geological heritage are recent themes in the scope of conservation of abiotic resources, influencing the construction of new concepts and initiatives for the conservation of nature. Among these initiatives, we can highlight the creation of geoparks, which represent part of a concept of protection, education and sustainable development, based on the principle of valuing tourist attractions with emphasis on the geological, social and cultural aspects of a given region. With the creation of the Global Geopark Network, under the tutelage of UNESCO, these areas become increasingly valued and their entry into the network must follow several recommendations. Although Brazil has one of the greatest geological potential of the planet, the country currently has a unique geopark recognized by UNESCO, despite the existence of 36 proposals. There are several difficulties that prevent Brazil from making more participants in the Global Geopark Network, and it is necessary to overcome challenges that range from the lack of specific planning to heritage education policies. Only by overcoming these challenges, Brazilian geoparks have achieved their great goal, the recognition by UNESCO.

Keywords: Geoparks; Challenges; Global Geopark Network.
From yeast to humans – roles of the Kennedy pathway for phosphatidylcholine synthesis
Authors: McMaster Christopher R.
Published: November 2017

The major phospholipid present in most eukaryotic membranes is phosphatidylcholine (PC), comprising ~ 50% of phospholipid content. PC metabolic pathways are highly conserved from yeast to humans. The main pathway for the synthesis of PC is the Kennedy (CDP‐choline) pathway. In this pathway, choline is converted to phosphocholine by choline kinase, phosphocholine is metabolized to CDP‐choline by the rate‐determining enzyme for this pathway, CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, and cholinephosphotransferase condenses CDP‐choline with diacylglycerol to produce PC. This Review discusses how PC synthesis via the Kennedy pathway is regulated, its role in cellular and biological processes, as well as diseases known to be associated with defects in PC synthesis. Finally, we present the first model for the making of a membrane via PC synthesis.
Mammary epithelium‐specific inactivation of V‐ATPase reduces stiffness of extracellular matrix and enhances metastasis of breast cancer
Authors: Katara Gajendra K. , Kulshrestha Arpita , Mao Liqun , Wang Xin , Sahoo Manoranjan , Ibrahim Safaa , Pamarthy Sahithi , Suzue Kimiko , Shekhawat Gajendra S. , Gilman‐Sachs Alice , Beaman Kenneth D.
Published: November 2017

Extracellular matrix (ECM) critically impacts tumor progression and is influenced by both cancer and host tissue cells. While our understanding of cancer cell ECM remodeling is widespread, the importance of host tissue ECM, which provides initial congenial environment for primary tumor formation, is partly understood. Here, we report a novel role of epithelial cell‐associated vacuolar ATPase ‘a2’ isoform (a2V) in regulating breast tissue ECM stiffness to control metastasis. Using a mammary gland‐specific a2V‐knockout model, we show that in the absence of a2V, breast tumors exhibit atypically soft tumor phenotype, less tumor rigidity, and necrotic tumor microenvironment. These tumors contain a decreased number of cancer cells at primary tumor site, but showed extensive metastases compared to control. Nanomechanical evaluation of normal breast tissues revealed a decrease in stiffness and collagen content in ECM of a2V‐deleted breast tissues. Mechanistically, inhibition of a2V expression caused dispersed Golgi morphology with relocation of glycosyltransferase enzymes to early endosomes in mammary epithelial cells. This resulted in defective glycosylation of ECM proteins and production of compromised ECM that further influenced tumor metastasis. Clinically, in patients with cancer, low a2V expression levels in normal breast tissue correlated with lymph node metastasis. Thus, using a new knockout mouse model, we have identified a2V expression in epithelial cells as a key requirement for proper ECM formation in breast tissue and its expression levels can significantly modulate breast tumor dissemination. Evaluation of a2V expression in normal breast tissues can help in identifying patients with high risk of developing metastases.
The Geodetic Signature of the Earthquake Cycle at Subduction Zones: Model Constraints on the Deep Processes
Authors: Govers R. , Furlong K. P. , van de Wiel L. , Herman M. W. , Broerse T.
Published: November 2017

Recent megathrust events in Tohoku (Japan), Maule (Chile), and Sumatra (Indonesia) were well recorded. Much has been learned about the dominant physical processes in megathrust zones: (partial) locking of the plate interface, detailed coseismic slip, relocking, afterslip, viscoelastic mantle relaxation, and interseismic loading. These and older observations show complex spatial and temporal patterns in crustal deformation and displacement, and significant differences among different margins. A key question is whether these differences reflect variations in the underlying processes, like differences in locking, or the margin geometry, or whether they are a consequence of the stage in the earthquake cycle of the margin. Quantitative models can connect these plate boundary processes to surficial and far‐field observations. We use relatively simple, cyclic geodynamic models to isolate the first‐order geodetic signature of the megathrust cycle. Coseismic and subsequent slip on the subduction interface is dynamically (and consistently) driven. A review of global preseismic, coseismic, and postseismic geodetic observations, and of their fit to the model predictions, indicates that similar physical processes are active at different margins. Most of the observed variability between the individual margins appears to be controlled by their different stages in the earthquake cycle. The modeling results also provide a possible explanation for observations of tensile faulting aftershocks and tensile cracking of the overriding plate, which are puzzling in the context of convergence/compression. From the inversion of our synthetic GNSS velocities we find that geodetic observations may incorrectly suggest weak locking of some margins, for example, the west Aleutian margin.
Tectono‐thermal Evolution of a Distal Rifted Margin: Constraints From the Calizzano Massif (Prepiedmont‐Briançonnais Domain, Ligurian Alps)
Authors: Decarlis Alessandro , Fellin Maria Giuditta , Maino Matteo , Ferrando Simona , Manatschal Gianreto , Gaggero Laura , Seno Silvio , Stuart Finlay M. , Beltrando Marco
Published: November 2017

The thermal evolution of distal domains along rifted margins is at present poorly constrained. In this study, we show that a thermal pulse, most likely triggered by lithospheric thinning and asthenospheric rise, is recorded at upper crustal levels and may also influence the diagenetic processes in the overlying sediments, thus representing a critical aspect for the evaluation of hydrocarbon systems. The thermal history of a distal sector of the Alpine Tethys rifted margin preserved in the Ligurian Alps (Case Tuberto‐Calizzano unit) is investigated with thermochronological methods and petrologic observations. The studied unit is composed of a polymetamorphic basement and a sedimentary cover, providing a complete section through the prerift, synrift, and postrift system. Zircon fission track analyses on basement rocks samples suggest that temperatures exceeding ~240 ± 25°C were reached before ~150–160 Ma (Upper Jurassic) at few kilometer depth. Neoformation of green biotite, stable at temperatures of ~350 to 450°C, was synkinematic with this event. The tectonic setting of the studied unit suggests that the heating‐cooling cycle took place during the formation of the distal rifted margin and terminated during Late Jurassic (150–160 Ma). Major crustal and lithospheric thinning likely promoted high geothermal gradients (~60–90°C/km) and triggered the circulation of hot, deep‐seated fluids along brittle faults, causing the observed thermal anomaly. Our results suggest that rifting can generate thermal perturbations at relatively high temperatures (between ~240 and 450°C) at less than 3 km depth in the distal domains during major crustal thinning preceding breakup and onset of seafloor spreading.
What Do They Have in Common? Drivers of Streamflow Spatial Correlation and Prediction of Flow Regimes in Ungauged Locations
Authors: Betterle A. , Radny D. , Schirmer M. , Botter G.
Published: November 2017

The spatial correlation of daily streamflows represents a statistical index encapsulating the similarity between hydrographs at two arbitrary catchment outlets. In this work, a process‐based analytical framework is utilized to investigate the hydrological drivers of streamflow spatial correlation through an extensive application to 78 pairs of stream gauges belonging to 13 unregulated catchments in the eastern United States. The analysis provides insight on how the observed heterogeneity of the physical processes that control flow dynamics ultimately affect streamflow correlation and spatial patterns of flow regimes. Despite the variability of recession properties across the study catchments, the impact of heterogeneous drainage rates on the streamflow spatial correlation is overwhelmed by the spatial variability of frequency and intensity of effective rainfall events. Overall, model performances are satisfactory, with root mean square errors between modeled and observed streamflow spatial correlation below 10% in most cases. We also propose a method for estimating streamflow correlation in the absence of discharge data, which proves useful to predict streamflow regimes in ungauged areas. The method consists in setting a minimum threshold on the modeled flow correlation to individuate hydrologically similar sites. Catchment outlets that are most correlated (
) are found to be characterized by analogous streamflow distributions across a broad range of flow regimes.
Evaluation of Macroscopic Porosity‐Permeability Relationships in Heterogeneous Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation Scenarios
Authors: Beckingham Lauren E.
Published: November 2017

Mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions may alter porosity and permeability in porous media. While porosity generally increases with mineral dissolution and decreases with precipitation, corresponding permeability alterations are complex and predictive capabilities remain limited. The evolution of permeability depends on the spatial locations of geochemical reactions, both in individual pores and in the greater pore network and a range of reaction patterns have been observed in prior experimental investigations. Macroscopic relationships are needed in core‐to‐field scale reactive transport simulations that can accurately simulate permeability evolutions resulting from pore‐scale reactions. Currently, empirical porosity‐permeability relationships, such as the Kozeny‐Carman equation, are widely used to predict permeability evolution. However, these relationships only allow for a single permeability value for each porosity value and the validity of these relationships for the various spatial distributions of pore‐scale alterations is unknown. Using pore network model simulations, changes in permeability resulting from a range of dissolution and precipitation patterns (uniform, random, channelized, and size‐dependent) in a sandstone sample are investigated. The validity of macroscopic porosity‐permeability relationships for these reaction scenarios is evaluated by comparing computed permeability values with pore model simulations. Simulation results exhibit a large variation in porosity‐permeability relationships among reaction scenarios. Macroscopic porosity‐permeability relationships work well for uniform reaction scenarios where the extent of reaction is related to the pore size. The porosity and permeability relationships that result from more complex pore‐scale alterations, including pore size‐dependent reactions however, cannot be captured using these empirical relationships.
High expression of PALB2 predicts poor prognosis in patients with advanced breast cancer
Authors: Li Jingquan , Li Mian , Chen Peizhan , Ba Qian
Published: November 2017

PALB2 mutation is associated with increased breast cancer risk; however, PALB2 mutation is rare in sporadic breast cancer cases and little is known about PALB2 expression in breast cancer. Here, we evaluated the prognostic effects of PALB2 with tissue microarray specimens of 117 female breast cancer patients, and determined the potential underlying mechanisms in cell models. In immunohistochemical analysis, we found increased expression of PALB2 in breast cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal ductal epithelium (P < 0.001). Higher PALB2 scores were positively associated with histological grade and higher PALB2 expression was found in patients that were Her‐2 negative compared with those that were positive (P < 0.05). Interestingly, higher expression of PALB2 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (P < 0.01) in patients with stage III or nearby lymph node metastasis (N1, N2 or N3). In vitro studies found that PALB2 may promote the migration and invasion of MDA‐MB‐231 cells through E‐cadherin suppression and NF‐κB activation. In conclusion, these results suggest that PALB2 expression levels may serve as a novel prognostic factor for breast cancer patients.
Structural Basis for Metastability in Amorphous Calcium Barium Carbonate (ACBC)
Authors: Whittaker Michael L. , Sun Wenhao , DeRocher Karen A. , Jayaraman Saivenkataraman , Ceder Gerbrand , Joester Derk
Published: November 2017

Metastable amorphous precursors are emerging as valuable intermediates for the synthesis of materials with compositions and structures far from equilibrium. Recently, it was found that amorphous calcium barium carbonate (ACBC) can be converted into highly barium‐substituted “balcite,” a metastable high temperature modification of calcite with exceptional hardness. A systematic analysis ACBC (Ca1‐xBaxCO3·1.2H2O) in the range from x = 0–0.5 is presented. Combining techniques that independently probe the local environment from the perspective of calcium, barium, and carbonate ions, with total X‐ray scattering and a new molecular dynamics/density functional theory simulations approach, provides a holistic picture of ACBC structure as a function of composition. With increasing barium content, ACBC becomes more ordered at short and medium range, and increasingly similar to crystalline balcite, without developing long‐range order. This is not accompanied by a change in the water content and does not carry a significant energy penalty, but is associated with differences in cation coordination resulting from changing carbonate anion orientation. Therefore, the local order imprinted in ACBC may increasingly lower the kinetic barrier to subsequent transformations as it becomes more pronounced. This pathway offers clues to the design of metastable materials by tuning coordination numbers in the amorphous solid state.