bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of a nonlinear bath: experiments, theory, and a stochastic Prandtl–Tomlinson model
Authors: Müller Boris , Berner Johannes , Bechinger Clemens , Krüger Matthias
Published: January 2020

A colloidal particle is a prominent example of a stochastic system, and, if suspended in a simple viscous liquid, very closely resembles the case of an ideal random walker. A variety of new phenomena have been observed when such colloid is suspended in a viscoelastic fluid instead, for example pronounced nonlinear responses when the viscoelastic bath is driven out of equilibrium. Here, using a micron-sized particle in a micellar solution, we investigate in detail, how these nonlinear bath properties leave their fingerprints already in equilibrium measurements, for the cases where the particle is unconfined or trapped in a harmonic potential. We find that the coefficients in an effective linear (generalized) Langevin equation show intriguing inter-dependencies, which can be shown to arise only in nonlinear baths: for example, the friction memory can depend on the external potential that acts only on the colloidal particle (as recently noted in simulations of molecular tracers in water in (2017 Phys. Rev. X
7 041065)), it can depend on the mass of the colloid, or, in an overdamped setting, on its bare diffusivity. These inter-dependencies, caused by so-called fluctuation renormalizations, are seen in an exact small time expansion of the friction memory based on microscopic starting points. Using linear response theory, they can be interpreted in terms of microrheological modes of force-controlled or velocity-controlled driving. The mentioned nonlinear markers are observed in our experiments, which are astonishingly well reproduced by a stochastic Prandtl–Tomlinson model mimicking the nonlinear viscoelastic bath. The pronounced nonlinearities seen in our experiments together with the good understanding in a simple theoretical model make this system a promising candidate for exploration of colloidal motion in nonlinear stochastic environments.
Retracted: Design and fabrication of electrospun SBA-15-incorporated PVA with curcumin: a biomimetic nanoscaffold for skin tissue engineering
Authors: Rathinavel Saranya , Ekambaram Shoba , Korrapati Purna Sai , Sangeetha Dharmalingam
Published: January 2020

Fabricating and designing a scaffold is a complex and highly challenging process in the current scenario. The present study deals with the design and fabrication of electrospun Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA)-15-incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with curcumin, which can be used as a biomimetic nanoscaffold for skin tissue engineering. Curcumin was selected due to its effective anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. SBA-15 was selected for its characteristic drug-carrying potential. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction characterizations of the fabricated nanofiber demonstrated the interaction of PVA, SBA-15 and curcumin. The scanning electron microscopy results depicted that the nanofiber was highly interconnected with a porous structure mimicking the extracellular matrix. The nanofibrous scaffold showed a higher percentage of cell migration, proliferation, cytocompatibility and biocompatibility with absence of cytotoxicity which was evidenced from the results of MTT assay, cell adhesion and live/dead assay using HaCaT cells. The results of the anti-bacterial test depicted that the synthesized nanofiber forms a potent material for skin wound-healing therapeutics. The in vitro drug release study performed over a period of 80 h revealed a sustained release pattern of curcumin from the SBA-15-incorporated PVA nanofiber. Finally, the in vivo results confirmed that SBA-15-incorporated PVA nanofiber with curcumin showed efficient wound-healing activities.
Aboveground carbon emissions from gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Csillik Ovidiu , Asner Gregory P
Published: January 2020

In the Peruvian Amazon, high biodiversity tropical forest is underlain by gold-enriched subsurface alluvium deposited from the Andes, which has generated a clash between short-term earnings for miners and long-term environmental damage. Tropical forests sequester important amounts of carbon, but deforestation and forest degradation continue to spread in Madre de Dios, releasing carbon to the atmosphere. Updated spatially explicit quantification of aboveground carbon emissions caused by gold mining is needed to further motivate conservation efforts and to understand the effects of illegal mining on greenhouse gases. We used satellite remote sensing, airborne LiDAR, and deep learning models to create high-resolution, spatially explicit estimates of aboveground carbon stocks and emissions from gold mining in 2017 and 2018. For an area of ∼750 000 ha, we found high variations in aboveground carbon density (ACD) with mean ACD of 84.6 (±36.4 standard deviation) Mg C ha−1 and 83.9 (±36.0) Mg C ha−1 for 2017 and 2018, respectively. An alarming 1.12 Tg C of emissions occurred in a single year affecting 23,613 hectares, including in protected zones and their ecological buffers. Our methods and findings are preparatory steps for the creation of an automated, high-resolution forest carbon emission monitoring system that will track near real-time changes and will support actions to reduce the environmental impacts of gold mining and other destructive forest activities.
Detailed quantification of glacier elevation and mass changes in South Georgia
Authors: Farías-Barahona David , Sommer Christian , Sauter Tobias , Bannister Daniel , Seehaus Thorsten C , Malz Philipp , Casassa Gino , Mayewski Paul A , Turton Jenny V , Braun Matthias H
Published: January 2020

Most glaciers in South America and on the Antarctic Peninsula are retreating and thinning. They are considered strong contributors to global sea level rise. However, there is a lack of glacier mass balance studies in other areas of the Southern Hemisphere, such as the surrounding Antarctic Islands. Here, we present a detailed quantification of the 21st century glacier elevation and mass changes for the entire South Georgia Island using bi-static synthetic aperture radar interferometry between 2000 and 2013. The results suggest a significant mass loss since the beginning of the present century. We calculate an average glacier mass balance of −1.04 ± 0.09 m w.e.a−1 and a mass loss rate of 2.28 ± 0.19 Gt a−1 (2000–2013), contributing 0.006 ± 0.001 mm a−1 to sea-level rise. Additionally, we calculate a subaqueous mass loss of 0.77 ± 0.04 Gt a−1 (2003–2016), with an area change at the marine and lake-terminating glacier fronts of −6.58 ± 0.33 km2 a−1, corresponding to ∼4% of the total glacier area. Overall, we observe negative mass balance rates in South Georgia, with the highest thinning and retreat rates at the large outlet glaciers located at the north-east coast. Although the spaceborne remote sensing dataset analysed in this research is a key contribution to better understanding of the glacier changes in South Georgia, more detailed field measurements, glacier dynamics studies or further long-term analysis with high-resolution regional climate models are required to precisely identify the forcing factors.
Projected near-term changes of temperature extremes in Europe and China under different aerosol emissions
Authors: Luo Feifei , Wilcox Laura , Dong Buwen , Su Qin , Chen Wei , Dunstone Nick , Li Shuanglin , Gao Yongqi
Published: January 2020

This study assesses near-term future changes in temperature extremes over China and Europe in scenarios with two very different anthropogenic aerosol (AA) pathways from 2016 to 2049: a maximum technically feasible aerosol reduction (MTFR), and a current legislation aerosol scenario (CLE), both with greenhouses gas forcing following RCP 4.5. Simulations with a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model HadGEM3-GC2 show that there is an increase in hot extremes and a decrease in cold extremes relative to the present day (1995–2014) over China and Europe in both scenarios. However, the magnitude of the changes in both hot and cold extremes depends strongly on the AA pathway. The AA reduction in MTFR amplifies the changes in temperature extremes relative to CLE, and accounts for 40% and 30% of the projected changes in temperature extremes relative to present day over China and Europe, respectively. Thus, this study suggests that future and current policy decisions about AA emissions have the potential for a large near-term impact on temperature extremes.
Agriculture is the main driver of deforestation in Tanzania
Authors: Doggart Nike , Morgan-Brown Theron , Lyimo Emmanuel , Mbilinyi Boniface , Meshack Charles K , Sallu Susannah M , Spracklen Dominick V
Published: January 2020

Reducing deforestation can generate multiple economic, social and ecological benefits by safeguarding the climate and other ecosystem services provided by forests. Understanding the relative contribution of different drivers of deforestation is needed to guide policies seeking to maintain natural forest cover. We assessed 119 randomly selected plots from areas deforested between 2010 and 2017, in Tanzania. Through ground surveys and stakeholder interviews we assessed the proximate deforestation drivers at each point. Crop cultivation was the most commonly observed driver occurring in 89% of plots, compared to livestock grazing (69%) and charcoal (35%). There was evidence of fire in 77% of plots. Most deforestation events involved multiple drivers, with 83% of plots showing signs of two or more drivers. Stakeholder interviews identified agriculture as the primary deforestation driver in 81% of plots, substantially more than charcoal production (12%), timber harvesting (1%) and livestock (1%). Policy-makers in Tanzania have sought to reduce deforestation by reducing demand for charcoal. However, our work demonstrates that agriculture, not charcoal, is the main driver of deforestation in Tanzania. Beyond protected areas, there is no clear policy limiting the conversion of forests to agricultural land. Reducing deforestation in Tanzania requires greater inter-sectoral coordination between the agriculture, livestock, land, energy and forest sectors.
Evaluating current satellite capability to observe diurnal change in nitrogen oxides in preparation for geostationary satellite missions
Authors: Penn Elise , Holloway Tracey
Published: January 2020

This study characterizes the degree to which current polar-orbiting satellites can evaluate the daytime change in NO2 vertical column density (VCD) in urban, suburban, and rural areas. We examine these issues by considering the diurnal cycle of NO2 over the United States, using the large NO2 monitoring network supported by states, tribes, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Through this analysis, we identify the potential opportunities and limitations of current space-based NO2 data in capturing diurnal change. Ground-based monitoring data from the US EPA are compared with satellite retrievals of NO2 from the KNMI Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) for two instruments: GOME-2 with a mid-morning overpass, and OMI with an early afternoon overpass. Satellite data show evidence of higher morning NO2 in the vicinity of large urban areas. Both satellites and ground monitors show ∼1.5–2x greater NO2 abundance between morning and afternoon in urban areas. Despite differences in horizontal resolution and overpass time, the two satellite retrievals show similar agreement with ground-based NO2 measurements. When analyzed on a pixel-by-pixel basis, we find evidence for spatial structure in the diurnal change in NO2 between city center and surrounding areas in Southern California. Wider analysis of urban-suburban structure in diurnal NO2 change is hindered by resolution differences in the two satellite instruments, which have the potential to create data artefacts. This study highlights the value of future geostationary instruments to provide comparable satellite retrievals for NO2 over the course of a day, and research needs related to the effective utilization of NO2 satellite data for air quality applications.
Sustainable transformation of the global energy system: Natural gas in focus
Authors: Bessel V V , Koshelev V N , Kutcherov V G , Lopatin A S , Morgunova M O
Published: January 2020

The global energy system is experiencing a transformation. An analysis of the dynamics of global energy production and consumption indicates that a paradigm shift is occurring toward more reliable and sustainable energy sources with the dominance of natural gas. Even though the reserves-to-production ratio for hydrocarbons is declining, it is natural gas that can ensure the sustainable development of the energy system to meet the growing energy needs of humankind. Natural gas can also significantly reduce the environmental burden. In the medium term, it will be the main source of energy along a gradual transition to renewable energy. Natural gas can serve as a transition fuel within a broader deployment of hybrid energy technologies. Hybridization—the generation of energy using both fossil fuels and renewable energy sources—is one of the most promising areas of energy system development, contributing to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In our opinion, hybridization based on natural gas is a “bridge to the future” for the world energy system.
Mathematical model for calculating solar radiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces for the conditions of Yakutsk
Authors: Krivoshein Y O , Tolstykh A V , Tsvetkov N A , Khutornoy A N
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research is to develop a simple calculation technique for solar flux density on horizontal and inclined surfaces to allow estimation of the amount of heat energy entering a hybrid system of solar heat supply at any time. Based on the suggested method corresponding software is developed for defining solar flux on horizontal and inclined surfaces using measurement data of maximum daily solar radiation. Hourly values of total and diffuse solar radiation on horizontal surface are defined, as well as average daily, monthly and annual values of total solar radiation. The obtained calculation results are compared to the existing reference, experimental and calculation data on total solar radiation falling on horizontal surface in the city of Yakutsk. The calculated solar flux values show sufficient consistency with the reference materials and NASA SSE database. The paper provides description of the method for calculating specific solar heat flux on inclined surface with known heat fluxes of direct and diffuse solar radiation falling on horizontal surface.
Intelligent lighting system: Energy management technical measure
Authors: Lyubov V K , Lyubova O A , Elukova J A , Potoshina L E , Kholopova A A
Published: January 2020

The Intelligent lighting System Project is a program at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov that provides research and analysis within the framework of the NArFU digitization. This paper deals with the implementation of the project as an integrated element of the digitization process at the NArFU. Real-life objects of the NArFU are presented to demonstrate performance of the experiment titled “Smart Campus” that is considered as the partial program of the project. The intelligent lighting system is unwired and it is based on the SunRise on-line service that results in monitoring and controlling energy consumption providing energy saving. In order to perform the measures the energy service contract as a specific form of agreement between the consumer and the energy service company has to be implemented. The contract implementing aiming at operating costs saving by increasing energy efficiency was analyzed and explained in the present paper.
The design of responsible details of an axial piston hydraulic machine improving
Authors: Nikolenko I V , Khomyak Yu M , Zheglova V M. , Kibakov O G , Medvedev S O
Published: January 2020

Methods of improving the designs of the most complex details of the axial piston hydraulic machine (APHM), cylinder block (CB) and face distributor (FD) are proposed in order to increase their strength. The possibility of modernization is demonstrated by the example of APHM 210.25 with a CB inclined. For samples of CB material, bronze CuSn12, tests were performed and fatigue curves are constructed. Based on the results of these tests, the endurance limit of the CB is determined using the theory of similarity fatigue fracture. The calculation of the BC by the finite element method showed that maximum stresses arise in its inter-cylinder wall (jumper). With conserved CB dimensions, a decrease in the maximum stress level by 30% is achieved if the axial cylinders are shifted in the peripheral direction by 2 … 3 mm. In the proposed design of the CB the calculated stresses became lower than its endurance limit. For FD an increase in the thickness of its peripheral zone was proposed, which also made it possible to reduce stresses by 12%. As a result, the level of acting stresses turned out to be 5.3% lower than the FD endurance limit. The achieved reduction in stress level for the considered details and an increase in their durability is a factor that growing the environmental safety of APHM.
Operation mode optimization of centrifugal pumps of a water supply system booster pumping station with a reserve tank
Authors: Nikolenko I V , Ryzhakov A N
Published: January 2020

A technique of the optimal selection of power units and their operation mode in the booster pumping station of the water supply system with a reserve tank is proposed. The optimization mathematical model of pumping station in the form of a non-linear, multi-criteria, partially integral mathematical programming problem is developed. Necessary data for optimization problem definition: the structure of daily water consumption by consumers and resistance of the water-supply system were found on the base of a full-scale experiment results. The adopted approach has provided both mathematical rigor of the problem formulation and solution, and real data recording of consumer behavior and water supply system conditions. The processing of the full-scale experiment data was carried out by statistical methods of analysis of non-stationary random processes. The optimization procedure was realized with the help of genetic algorithm method. Comparison of booster pumping station operation optimal plans on the base of different centrifugal pumps has allowed choosing such a type of pump, that when using it, maximum energy efficiency of the water supply system is achieved and operation of pumping station with minimum number of pumps with maximum possible efficiency is provided. Minimum essential dimensions of a reserve tank, optimal operation speed of the centrifugal pumps are determined.
Investigation of feasibilities of heat pipe using in recuperation systems with heat excess of paper industry enterprises
Authors: Pospelova I , Filatov V
Published: January 2020

The investigation was aimed to increase the energy efficiency of ventilation systems for the pulp and paper industry with an excess of heat in the technological process. The economic and thermal effect is achieved through the use of heat recovery systems based on the principle of phase transition and heat pipe. The study concluded that it will also help to solve environmental problems of piper industry.
Efficiency of dual hot water systems with the use of solar evacuated tube collectors in the Northern territories
Authors: Krivoshein Y O , Tolstykh A V , Tsvetkov N A , Khutornoy A N
Published: January 2020

This research is aimed at studying efficiency of using solar energy in dual hot water systems with the use of solar evacuated tube collectors and central heating network in Siberian climatic conditions. The paper includes results of actual implementation of dual hot water systems with solar evacuated tube collectors and water heat up till the required temperature with the help of a gas boiler for 3-storey residential buildings or a central heating network (for “Vasilyok” kindergarten) in Zhatay city district in Yakutia. The research demonstrates that the amount of heat energy produced by solar collectors makes up over 50 % of the total consumption of hot water system of “Vasilyok” kindergarten.
Accumulated ecological damage to the health of workers in the production of vinyl chloride
Authors: Bodienkova G.M. , Timofeeva S S
Published: January 2020

With prolonged exposure of workers in the production of VC to adverse factors, an increase in immunity stress (over time after 5 years) in healthy workers and an imbalance in the system of pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines in individuals with initial manifestations of neurointoxication with VC were recorded. Reduction in the degree of manifestation of compensatory and protective reactions that do not allow for the full implementation of protective mechanisms under the continuing chronic exposure to VC, contributes to the accumulation of ecological damage to the health of workers. The results obtained necessitate the timely detection of initial functional changes, indicate high informative value of biomarkers (IL-1β, TNFα, INFγ, IL-4, S-100, NF-200, MBP) and the possibility of using them to monitor the degree of manifestation of the pathological process. Identification of the leading immunopathogenetic factors of neurological deficit increase can be the basis for developing a method for predicting the individual risk of developing occupational neurointoxication.
Electronic information model for regulation of solid municipal waste management in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Authors: Galyautdinov I I , Shchadov G I , Konyukhov V Yu , Tomshin O L
Published: January 2020

The article provides an analysis of the problem of pollution with solid municipal waste (hereinafter - MSW) and suggests a solution to this problem using the example of the city of Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory. To achieve this goal, the study examined the introduction of an electronic model of the existing territorial scheme. This model can be an effective tool for a new waste management system. The object of the study is the municipal solid waste management system in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The subject is regional regulation in the field of MSW management in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. As a result of the research, the article presents the result of the analysis of the regulatory framework, infrastructure, statistics in the field of solid municipal waste management in Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory in particular, identifies problematic issues, which in turn made it possible to develop the necessary additional measures and recommendations that contribute to improving the efficiency of activities in the field of MSW management.
Ensuring safety of labor on the basis of the method “Curve of Badles”
Authors: Serdyuk V S , Kuleshov V V , Kovalkovskaya N O
Published: January 2020

The analysis of the safety management method - the Bradley Curve method, as one of the effective tools in improving safety culture in the engineering industry, was carried out. The stages of the “Bradley’s Curve” method are considered: natural instincts, supervision, one’s own consciousness and one team. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the “Curve Bradley” method. The level of safety culture at the enterprises of the engineering industry has been determined. It has been confirmed that microtraumas are used as indicators (predecessors) when identifying sources of occupational risks. Substantiated the consideration of microtraumas to improve efficiency in the fight against injuries.
Micro Injury Evaluation Based on Comprehensive Safety Indicator
Authors: Serdyuk V S , Kuleshov V V , Kovalkovskaya N O , Belousova Yu S
Published: January 2020

Conducted an analysis of micro injuries in the organizations of the engineering industry. Established the main causes of micro injuries in the surveyed organizations. Characterized the importance of accounting for micro injuries in enterprises. We developed a procedure for monitoring the registration of micro injuries, based on the principle of “ease of execution”. Developed a map of observations of micro-injuries. To assess injuries, it was proposed to use a comprehensive safety indicator.
Research and increase of efficiency of noise load monitoring and minimization of occupational risks in conditions of industrial noise exposure
Authors: Serdyuk V S , Vladimova O V , Aleshkov D S , Bedrina E A
Published: January 2020

The technical means development modern level allows to implement large-scale and continuous approaches to the detection of noise levels affecting the worker.However, IT-technologies of collecting data on working area and residential area noise characteristics, on which basis it is possible to carry out risks prognostic assessments of noise exposure to humans without limitation to the working conditions, industrial control and environmental monitoring special assessment results, are underdeveloped.The research purpose is to assess the collecting data possibility on the noise levels distribution within the working area, residential area and the high levels occupational risk areas determining possibility by the industrial noise factor by means of smart phones. A method was developed for collecting data on the noise levels distribution within the working area, residential area, on which basis a software product for recording and processing data on the noisenature was developed. The industrial noise levelsspatial distribution constructing possibility on the construction site in real time as a result of using a special software product was shown. The metadata continuous collection on the noise nature makes it possible to clarify the occupational risks levels associated with noise exposure and to select measures to manage these risks.
On the experience of conducting of the republic’s competition for “The Best Labor Protection Specialist of the Udmurt Republic”
Authors: Sevastyanov B V , Lisina E B , Selyunina N V , Shadrin R O , Shalamova A V
Published: January 2020

The issues of organization and conducting of the republic’s competition for “The Best Labor Protection Specialist of the Udmurt Republic” are considered. The goal and objectives of the competition, the conditions for participation in the competition, the procedure and stages of the competition are given. The topics of the test assignments and competition works in the stages of the competition as well as the criteria for evaluating the competition works are given. The works of the competition winners are annotated.
Problems of regulation of solid municipal waste management in the Tunka Valley
Authors: Galyautdinov I I , Shchadov G I , Konyukhov V Yu , Udaeva S
Published: January 2020

The article provides an analysis of the problem of pollution with solid municipal waste (MSW) and proposes a solution to this problem using the example of a specially protected natural area - the Tunkinsky valley of the Republic of Buryatia. The article contains a detailed material that characterizes the nature and amount of solid waste generated in the territory of the national park. The object of the research is the system of solid municipal waste management in the Tunkinsky valley. The subject is a regional regulation in the field of MSW management in the Republic of Buryatia.As a result of the study, the article presents an analysis of statistics in the field of MSW management in comparison with the Voronezh region and the regions of the Far North of Russia, in particular, problematic issues are identified, which in turn made it possible to develop the necessary additional measures and recommendations to improve the efficiency of activities in the field of treatment with MSW.
Post-fire ecological consequences within the drained site of the Great Vasyugan Mire: retrospective water-thermal regime and pyrogenic disturbance estimation
Authors: Sinyutkina A A , Gashkova L P , Koronatova N G , Maloletko A A , Mironycheva-Tokareva N P , Russkikh I V , Serebrennikova O V , Strel’nikova E B , Vishnyakova E K , Kharanzhevskaya Yu A
Published: January 2020

The aim of this research is to carry out an assessment of pyrogenic load after the fire event in 2016 within the drained site of Great Vasyugan mire (Bakchar bog, North-East part of The Great Vasyugan mire). Specifically, the objectives of this study were to: 1) perform a retrospective analysis of the water-thermal regime of the area under study according to monitoring data on the nearby site for estimation of development emergence of a fire-dangerous situation conditions; 2) determine the quantitative characteristics of vegetation and microtopography fire transformation based on field data; 3) estimate zone of contamination by combustion products and 4) estimate the hydrocarbons composition of mire and river water, peat and typical plants of the pyrogenic disturbed bog. The water-thermal retrospective analysis confirmed that in August 2016, the most favourable conditions for the emergence of a fire-dangerous situation were developed. The area of fire spread was 5.54 km2, including within the mire of 4.44 km2. The area of Zn and Pb pollution covers an area of 8 km, which is consistent with the prevailing wind direction and atmospheric deposition data for 2016. The zone of extreme pollution of heavy metal peat deposits is limited mainly by the zone of intensive burning of the surface, however, and beyond it, there was also a significant (2 times) Zn, Cd and Pb concentration (except Cu) increase, mainly due to the migration of elements with water flow. Carbon losses for the burned area of 1 square metre to a depth of 30 cm were about 3,800 gC/m2. Against the background of a decrease in the content of n-alkanes, their share in the composition of peat lipids of the burnt area increases slightly, and among them the content of homologues C23–C25 increases, C29–C33 decreases and the CPI value decreases.
Protection of water objects against pollution with the use of sunflower growing waste
Authors: Somin V A , Komarova L F , Kutalova A V
Published: January 2020

Phenols are among the most common contaminants which enter a water objects with a sewage from various enterprises: oil refineries, coke-chemical, wood-chemical, aniline dyes, etc. Phenols are very toxic compounds. They can cause not only poisoning of organisms, but also significantly change the regime of biogenic elements and gases dissolved in water and first of all oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Food quality as a risk factor for public health
Authors: Volchatova I V
Published: January 2020

The article is concerned with quality evaluation and food safety products, which were delivered to Irkutsk region. According to the average daily intake doses priority pollutants in the body, the public health risks were identified for public health with consuming food, including radiation risk. It is shown that the quality of food products as available chemical contaminants is generally satisfactory in the Irkutsk region.
Adoption of energy conservation measures in a heating system: a case study of the Baikal natural territory
Authors: Stennikov V A , Edeleva O A , Maysyuk E P , Sokolov P A
Published: January 2020

The paper covers the main challenges of heating systems of the Baikal natural territory and considers the most effective measures for energy conservation in settlements and tourist zones of the territory in accordance with the adopted laws of the Russian Federation on energy conservation, heat supply, and protection of Lake Baikal. For the most effective implementation of these measures, it is proposed that they be ranked as per the priority map put forward in this study.

The case study illustrates the adoption of energy conservation measures and their environmental and economic effect for heat supplying companies and heat consumers in the village of Listvyanka located in the coastal area of Lake Baikal.
Applying visual optical methods of non-destructive testing while diagnosing metal structures of mine hoisting plants
Authors: Korniakov M V , Gurkov Y O , Shevchenko A N , Krasnoshtanov S Y
Published: January 2020

Research to determine the rational parameters in the development of design and engineering solutions and hardware and software package in order to efficiently conduct microscopic studies of objects and materials has been conducted by the project team at the laboratories and centers of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University since 2013. During this period, the team has completed and registered one know-how, has developed a laboratory model of a microvisor and a test version of a computer program allowing identification of fake signatures, and is currently preparing an application for a utility model patent. We have studied the processes of optimal controlled magnification up to 200 times the size of the object surface image in the reflected light (in the visible, ultraviolet and infrared spectrum). We have developed a new concept of a hardware and software package that allows for the rapid microscopic examination of objects and materials, followed by quick software processing and recording of photos and videos.
Justification of reclamation parameters for lands disturbed during the development of gold placers
Authors: Talgamer B L , Murzin N V , Batzhargal D
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the issue of reclamation of lands disturbed during the development of gold placers. Using the results of surveys and studies of the rocks composing the surface layer, the authors compare the present state of disturbed lands and the technogenic relief designed by technical documents on the development of alluvial placers. The discrepancy between actual and design data is analyzed. The conditions of natural vegetation restoration are studied. Results of observations of the natural vegetation restoration within loose deposits are presented. Recommendations on flattening angles depending on the length of slopes and elevation differences between the bottom and crest of technogenic embankments are given. The design results for reclamation of disturbed lands based on preliminary surveys and mining project data are compared. Methods for reducing the amount of reclamation works are substantiated.
Digital transformation of mining enterprises contributes to the rational use of resources
Authors: Shvedina S A
Published: January 2020

Today, the digitalization of industrial enterprises means the use of the latest technologies: robotic or remotely controlled equipment, visualization of technological processes in inaccessible areas, remote centralized control rooms, high-precision positioning of drilling rigs and excavators, portable devices for monitoring the health status of personnel, electronic shift-based risk cards of workers, three-dimensional field models in design and management, predictive methods for analyzing geological and production data. The aim of this work is to demonstrate how the digital transformation of mining enterprises will allow for rational use of resources, including natural resources, while maximizing the economic effect. The objects of the study were enterprises of the oil and gas industry and the coal industry in the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. In the work, we analyzed the need for digitalization of production and business processes of these enterprises. It was proposed to combine robust control, cloud and IoT technologies. Based on the survey results, it was possible to identify implemented digital technologies. Based on the assessments of enterprises, we made a rating of the feasibility of their implementation and development. The paper described the functions of digital infrastructure. It was recommended to create digital infrastructure at mining enterprises. The study proved the feasibility of its implementation.
Development of Alumina Production Technology by sintering of TPP Waste
Authors: Fomina E Yu , Vlasova V V
Published: January 2020

Russia is experiencing a steady shortage of raw materials for the production of alumina, and therefore, the search for unconventional cheap raw materials for its production is very relevant.In this paper, we consider two types of raw materials for the alumina production -ash and slag waste from CHPP-9 (Angarsk) and New Irkutsk CHPP (Irkutsk) PJSC “Irkutskenergo”, and wet magnetic separation tails obtained after the separation of iron-containing components.Laboratory studies were conducted on the sintering of the charge from ash and slag waste, tailings of wet magnetic separation with limestone and soda.Self-moldering sinter obtained; the recovery of alumina from them during leaching was 87% forNew Irkutsk CHPP and 83% for CHPP-9. The optimal conditions of experiments on sintering samples of ash-and-slag materials were determined.Two-stage desiliconization and carbonization of sinter leaching solutions, and calcination of aluminum hydroxide experiments were carried out.Alumina, corresponding in composition to metallurgical alumina (alumina content of 97,77%) was obtained.The technological scheme of alumina production from ash and slag waste of thermal power plants of the Irkutsk region is proposed.
Practical considerations on detectability of electrically active nanoparticles in environmental samples
Authors: Brazovskii K S , Larionova E V , Kim S S , Romanenko S V
Published: January 2020

Environmental impact of nanotechnologies is among the most important global concerns because these technologies have introduced a completely new class of artificial pollutants with very diverse biological effects. Detection and characterization of nanoparticles in environmental samples requires highly sensitive methods and laboratory equipment. Recently introduced chronoamperometry of single nanoparticles has a potential to measure parameters of nanoparticles of different kinds, including organic and inorganic substances, metals and their oxides.

This paper reports practical considerations on factors limiting the level of detection (LOD) for the chronoamperometry of single nanoparticles, successfully used to characterize electrically active nanoparticles. The influence of two major sources of electrical current noise on LOD was studied. It was shown that electrochemical noise dominates over the noise of electronic components. The LOD for a typical laboratory potentiostat was calculated. The overall background current noise (root mean square value) for a typical ultra-low input current potentiostat is between 10−13 – 10−12 A, that allows detecting silver nanoparticles with radius of 10 – 15 nm, LOD for nanoparticles of -Fe2O3 is 60-80 nm. The theoretical limit of minimum detectable size of nanoparticle is at least 10 times lower, but to achieve this limit very complicated technical issues should be resolved.
Esterification of tall oil fatty acids using ion exchange resins in order to produce energy-efficient engine oil
Authors: Govorin A S , Gubanov N D , Konovalov N P
Published: January 2020

The article describes results of studies on the use of tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) when developing a method for producing esters to synthesize highly productive engine oil and additives. The article deals with the use of TOFA derivatives in the engine oil production industry. The process is efficient and safe for humans and the environment. Experiments on liquid TOFA esterification were conducted. As a catalyst, three types of ion exchange resins were used: Lewatit, Amberlite, and Tokem-100. Raw materials and reaction products were analyzed according to the federal standards for engine oils. Qualitative comparisons with Motul engine oil were carried out. The main research problems, tasks and methods were formulated.
Green technologies in land recultivation for coal mining enterprises
Authors: Kuznetsova I V , Timofeeva S S
Published: January 2020

The importance of the issue is determined by the fact that coal extraction in the form of open and underground methods is accompanied by the violation of land, change in relief, and a technogenic landscape formation. In these conditions, it becomes vital to develop new scientifically grounded approaches to the restoration of anthropogenically disturbed agrolandscapes based on the formation of recultivation and mining technologies, comprehensively ensuring the stabilization of quality and conservation of soil resources. The article presents an overview of the most popular methods of land recultivation with the use of green technologies to increase the efficiency of the recovery on the basis of a systematic approach.
Desorption of microorganisms with hydrophobized surfaces
Authors: Bogdanova I A , Konovalova E Yu , Kupchinskiy A B , Zhdanova G O
Published: January 2020

One of the most promising areas in the fight against oil pollution is the use of microorganisms. When eliminating oil pollution, an important task is the selection of surfactants that facilitate the interaction of oil-oxidizing microorganisms with oil products. Dispersion of hydrophobic substances, in particular petroleum hydrocarbons, dramatically increases their surface. In turn, this significantly increases the area of interaction of hydrophobic compounds with oxygen and oil-oxidizing microorganisms. In this work, the effect of humic substances on the aggregate state of various hydrophobic substances is studied. The bioagents were taken strains: Yarrowia lipolytica and Bacillus thuringiensis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, melanin and humates were chosen as classic surfactants. As sorbing surfaces, slides that were pretreated with silicone or paraffin were used in the work. Experiments have shown that in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the sorption of cells and spores of microorganisms significantly decreased. With longer exposures, the concentration of cells and spores on the glasses not only did not increase, but even decreased. Moreover, the higher the content of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the weaker the cells and spores of the microorganisms were bound to the hydrophobic surface, and the rate of desorption was higher. It was shown that humates at certain concentrations, like twin, dispersed diesel fuel and fuel oil, and also reduced the amount of cell adhesion. This work was financially supported by the RFBR grant 19-29-05213 mk «Mechanisms for the integrated interaction of soils with oil, oil products and surface-active substances in oil pollution and bioremediation processes».
Micrococcus luteus and Serratia marcescens, as a new association of bio-agents for microbial fuel cells
Authors: Konovalova E Yu , Barbora L , Chizhik K I , Stom D I
Published: January 2020

Microbial fuel cells make it possible to generate electricity by eliminating and using wastewater components. For these purposes, the most viable microbial associations in microbial fuel cells. The presence of strains of different microorganisms allows you to consume a much wider range of compounds. Multicomponent makes them more resistant to the negative effects of stressful environmental factors. An example of such associations are silt sediments of biological treatment plants. The purpose of this work was to create a new microbial association. Microbial association was formed from previously isolated strains from activated sludge from the petrochemical plant, Micrococcus luteus and Serratia marcescens. Model wastewater was taken as substrates. The generation of electricity was carried out in microbial fuel cell models that we developed. These designs allowed access to the contents of microbial fuel cells without violating sterility and anaerobic conditions in the anode chamber. In the experiments, the voltage, current in microbial fuel cells were measured and the power was calculated. Experiments have shown high electrogenic activity when working together with Micrococcus luteus and Serratia marcescens cohosts for a good variety of the proposed bioagent complex. The search and isolation of energy-efficient strains and the compilation of a new consortium from them will not only increase the current output in microbial fuel cells to more significant values, but also bring such microbial fuel cells into the category of promising developments for alternative energy. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (project RFMEFI58317X0060 “Bioremediation and bioconversion of waste using a complex of photosynthetic organisms and heterotrophs in aerobic and anaerobic conditions with bioenergy generation”).
Identification the areas of concern for pine forest and soil cover conditions in the Predbaikalie region
Authors: Mikhailova T A , Kalugina O V , Shergina O V
Published: January 2020

The article summarizes and analyzes monitoring results for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests of Southern Predbaikalie (Eastern Siberia, Russia) exposed to technogenic pollution and high recreational loads. The surveys were carried out in areas adjacent to large industrial centers and in recreational areas of the National Park Pribaikalsky. It is shown that vital state of treestands weakened by industrial exposure is comparable to forest health in areas with high recreational loads. The results show that in terms of contamination levels the most problematic areas are those which are adjacent to Shelekhovsky, Irkutsky, Usolsky and Angarsky industrial centers; as for recreation impact, its unacceptably high levels were found in the vicinity of Listvyanka and Khuzhir villages as well as in many sections of the Circum-Baikal Railway. In these areas, the values of the vital state index (VSI) and the soil resistance potential (SRP) index were the lowest, amounting to 3.2-4.4 points for pine stands VSI and 4.7 points for SRP near Khuzhir and 4.8 points for SRP near Usolsky industrial center, while in the background areas, both the VSI and SRP values were close to 10 points. Based on the obtained results, we have developed a schematic map of the problem areas of the Southern Predbaikalie. The data were also used to create a relational database on the elemental chemical composition of pine needles, including those in technologically polluted parts of the region.
Biocathode of microbial fuel cells based on nitrate-reducing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Vyatchina O F , Stom D I , Goel S , Xie B
Published: January 2020

One approach to eliminating the loss of electricity from overvoltage at the cathode electrode in the technology of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is the use of microorganisms as biological catalysts for cathodic processes in MFCs. In this paper, the efficiency of MFC with biocathodes based on nitrate-reducing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3-SW) and (20-SW) isolated from wastewater of the Angarsk Petrochemical Plant (APP) is estimated. Electrical indicators of MFC with biocathodes with P. aeruginosa (20-SW) and P. aeruginosa (3-SW) strains were higher than similar MFC with nitrate cathodes without microorganisms. At the same time, MFC with a biocathode with a P. aeruginosa strain (20-SW) was more effective than a MFC with a biocathode based on P. aeruginosa (3-SW), as in terms of the generated electricity (voltage and current strength of an MFC with P. aeruginosa (20-SW) – 478 ± 12 mV and 1361 ± 133 μA, with (3-SW) – 380 ± 10 mV and 1011 ± 10 μA, respectively), and the degree of elimination of nitrate (from 147.96 ± 9.77 to 0.00 mg/dm3 in the MFC biocathode with P. aeruginosa (20-SW) and from 141.59 ± 11.82 to 54.66 ± 2.39 mg/dm3 in the biocathode with P. aeruginosa (3-SW) during the 96 h experiment). Thus, the conducted studies make it possible to recommend a culture of P. aeruginosa (20-SW), isolated from APP wastewater, to obtain MFC biocathode with its simultaneous use for nitrate wastewater treatment.