bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF METHODS OF EVALUATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY OF RADIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lukova-Chuiko Natali , Nakonechnyi Volodymyr ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Saiko Volodymyr ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Toliupa Serhii ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2020

Modern development of radio equipment is characterized by an increase in the speed of processes of transmission and processing of information, miniaturization and integration into unified complexes that physically bridles the sources and receptors of interference. All this leads to the strengthening of the requirements to ensure compliance with the conditions of electromagnetic compatibility and the need for its evaluation at the design stage of radio engineering devices and systems, because the incomplete or incorrect assessment of these requirements leads to a significant increase in time and material costs of the manufacturer, for further development of the development of electronic equipment and reduction its competitiveness. Widespread use of different purposeful electronic means leads to an increase in the levels of electromagnetic fields created by them in the surrounding space. These fields are obstacles for other similar devices, may degrade the operating conditions and reduce the effectiveness of their use. In this process, it is easy to see the characteristic features of dialectical development - progress in this area is restrained by the negative phenomena generated by its development. Further progress requires the overcoming of this trend, that is, development on a new quality level, which is to ensure the joint operation of various means. The key is that the actions of the electromagnetic fields, which are created by some technical means to the other, are carried out for the transmission of information, its processing, or vice versa, violation of the process of transmission and processing of data. Therefore, an analysis is proposed that allows preliminary prediction of the fulfillment of the conditions of electromagnetic compatibility in a group of radio-electronic means that have a number of sources of interference and radio engineering devices on which they affect. In this case, the important issue of checking the provision of electromagnetic compatibility of radio-electronic means is to determine the magnitude of the permissible power at which provides electromagnetic compatibility. The purpose of this article is to consider, from the general positions, the main tasks of the analysis and evaluation of the electromagnetic compatibility of radio-electronic means.
RESEARCH OF DEVIATIONS PROACTIVE MANAGEMENT METHODS ON THE BASIS OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN IT PROJECTS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Morozov Viktor , Kalnichenko Elena ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mezentseva Olga ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2020

This paper describes the results of a study of proposed methods of proactively managing key parameter deviations in complex projects based on the study of the effects of the external and internal environment of such projects. The methods of forecasting the level of changes in the results of project activity at any time during the execution of projects and depending on changes in the time parameters of the work of the projects and the study of the effects on changes in the cost of the work of the projects are proposed. Impact reactions on cost parameters and project timelines are investigated. An integrated information system has been developed to simulate the flow of changes to key IT project parameters using cloud data warehouses. In the process of modeling modern information technologies of project management of leading developers are involved and integrated. Modeling effects of the environment on project parameters based on models of deep learning neural networks are used as research tools. A model of deep learning of the neural network is proposed, through the experimental representation of the input and output data of numerical experiments. This model takes into account the optimistic and pessimistic distribution of the cost of each project when planning the projects and choosing their optimal configuration. The evaluation of the results of modeling the effects of changes on the timing and cost of performing work is based on the context of project characteristics, including resource allocations both in time and in project work, cost allocations, etc. Thus, the modeled indicators in the system indicate slight deviations within 10-15% of the set values under the influence of a wide range of values of environmental factors and their effects on changes in project work resources for the selected and unchanged technological configuration of the project model. Using proactive controls, in the re-simulation, it became possible to significantly reduce deviations in costs that do not exceed 10% of the deviation from the optimum values.
The Problem of Bullying in Educational Organizations through the Look of Children and Teachers
Authors: Khalikova L.R.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of research among students and teachers to study the ideas about bulling and the specifics of its manifestations in educational organizations of the Republic of Bashkortostan. 20,480 students were examined. For this, we used a questionnaire developed by E.V. Novikova, an Educational Psychologist at Gymnasium No. 91, and I.R. Khokh, a Medical Psychologist of Clinical Psychotherapeutic Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In parallel with the survey of children, a survey among teachers of the republic was also conducted. The survey involved 3219 teachers of educational institutions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The researxh was aimed at as key questions as: how employees of general education organizations recognize, respond, and describe bullying; how do they explain its causes and consequences; what measures and measures are taken to prevent bullying in the school environment. The questionary was based on the methods developed by Russian scientists A.A. Bochaver, A.V. Zhilinskaya, and K.D. Khlomov from the Center “Perekrestok” of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education.
Motivational Function of Emotions: Experimental Approach to Study (continued)
Authors: Pyrev E.A.
Published: March 2020

The article presents an experimental study of human emotional motivation. Practical aspects of emotional motivation are considered on the example of educational and professional activities of university students. Emotion as an unconscious motive induces unintended actions of university students against different aspects of educational and professional activities. The practical part of the study was implemented by the author’s methodology “Test of Color Associations”. In terms of content and performance, the test meets the main provisions of the theoretical content of the stated topic. The experimental study identified four groups of emotions, reflecting their specific motivational capabilities, manifested in negative and positive unintended actions towards learning. Experimentally identified “creative emotions” (joy and interest), “emotions overcoming obstacles” (anger), “emotions that save energy” (pleasure, indifference), “emotions that destroy relationships” (fear, sadness, disgust).
Формирование госуслуги по сопровождению создания и функционированию предприятий малого бизнеса в МФЦ
Authors: Филатова Мария Михайловна , Романова Ольга Юрьевна
Published: March 2020

В статье обсуждается идея создания «МФЦ для бизнеса», который позволит эффективно развивать города, оказывать всестороннюю поддержку субъектам малого и среднего предпринимательства.

Текст доклада авторов на XV Международной научной конференции «Высшее образование для XXI века. Роль гуманитарного образования в контексте технологических и социокультурных изменений», которая прошла 14–16 ноября 2019 года в Московском гуманитарном университете.
The Money Supply Process in Bangladesh: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Monir Uddin , Muzib Md. Moniruzzaman , Saha Subrata
Published: March 2020

Bangladesh Bank (BB) conducts monetary policy through targeting broad (M2) and narrow (M1) money  as operating instruments that will be influenced by Real and Nominal interest rate, Remittance, Bank Rate, Deposit interest rate. The success of monetary policy in achieving its objectives depends on the degree of controllability of M1 and M2 by Bangladesh Bank. This paper empirically examines the money supply process on the basis by the mainstream of Post-liberalization period covering the sample period of 1972/73-2009/10. It also Examine how M1 and M2 will be affected by the Speed of adjustment that is equal to the difference between deposit interest rate and nominal interest rate. The money supply function for Bangladesh has been empirically tested by using annual time series data. We have found that remittance is the most significant factor that highly influenced on narrow and broad money supply in Bangladesh.
JEL Code: E31, E43, E51, E52
Correlates of Women’s Labor Force Supply in Pakistan
Authors: Awan Abdul Ghafoor , Faridi Zahir , Bibi Shazia
Published: March 2020

This study has analyzed correlation among those variables that affect women working hours in labor market in Pakistan. We used primary data that was collected from the rural and urban areas of District Multan. A sample of 300 women having eight years education was taken randomly and formal questionnaire was constructed for this purpose. Ordinary Least Square method was applied for estimation of parameters. The results of our empirical study show that various variables have expected signs in analysis. We found that joint family setup, family expenditures, number of dependent, working days and wage rate impact positively and significantly to the working hours of women. In contrast, number of children, nuclear family size, etcare inversely related to the women working hours. Therefore, we suggest that there should be provision of better education for women to improve their working hours and participation rate in labor market.
Key Ratios Analysis between Conventional and Islamic Banking in Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiqua Ayesha , Chowdhury A. N. M. Minhajul Haque , Siddikee Md. Jahangir Alam , Chowdhury Abu Sayed Md. Mahmudul Haque , Parvin Shahnaz
Published: March 2020

The proliferation of banking sector is an indicator of economic growth in Bangladesh. Conventional Banks as well as the Islamic Banks significantly influence the national economy although there are a number of dissimilarities between the two banking systems. This study was carried out to identify the differences of Conventional and Islamic Banking sectors in terms of ratio analysis. A total of 10 banks in which 5 Conventional and 5 Islamic banks were selected for the study. Some key financial ratios were being used for the analysis. It is found from the study that the Conventional and Islamic Banks had much influence on the national economy as they hold the deposit of general public and invest the funds in profitable projects. The earnings per share (EPS), return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and return on capital employed (ROCE) were greater in Islamic Banks. It clearly indicates that the Islamic Banks were more profitable and performing a good job in the context of Bangladesh although people preferred Conventional Banking most. JEL Classification Code: G 21
Influência das mudanças climáticas no desempenho térmico de uma habitação com diferentes sistemas construtivos: análise do clima de São Paulo
Authors: Nunes Gustavo Henrique , Giglio Thalita Gorban Ferreira
Published: March 2020

The thermo-energetic performance of the building is closely related to its climate and, therefore, the effects of climate change can influence the environmental comfort of dwellings over the years. This research aimed to investigate the thermal performance of single-family houses built in different building systems under the influence of the climate change effects on the climate in São Paulo. For this purpose, simulations with EnergyPlus were performed considering four climatic periods: TRY (1954), 2020, 2050 and 2080. The future climate files were generated with the assistance of the CCWorldWeatherGen tool, and the progression generated for the 2020 period was compared with meteorological data measured from 2011 to 2018. The results showed that outdoor air temperature of São Paulo will increase on average of 4.23 °C up to 2100, which will cause the degree-hours for heating (GHA) indicator to decrease to 1.165,24 °Ch and the degree-hours for cooling (GHR) indicator to increase to 144,26 °Ch, according to the constructive system. Furthermore, it was observed that building façades with higher thermal capacity will be important to satisfy the user’s thermal comfort requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to consider climate change in energy efficiency solutions in buildings.
ROLE OF COMMISSION RECEIPTS IN FORMATION OF THE REVENUE OF THE COMMERCIAL BANK
Authors: I. A. Kosach  , A. V. Zhavoronok  , M. F. Fedyshyn  , A. S. Abramova
Published: March 2020

The expanding of banking services spectrum allows the redistributing of financial risks, the reduce of their negative impact on the efficiency of the commercial bank and creating of new revenue channels. According to this process, the issues of increasing the volume of provision and growth of commission receipts proportion in the general structure of revenues of banking institutions are actualized. In addition, commission receipts more stable than interest, but their not associated with the risk of losing the value of invested assets (except for the guarantee operations). That is why the article is devoted to determination of the effect of impact the volume of commission of banks on the total amount of their income. The research is based on the study of the relationship between the indicators in deal with cubic one-factor regression model.  It would be the basic for a diversification of the portfolio of banking services to protect the bank from crises at the financial market and for adoption of effective management decisions. As a result, the significant influence of the growth of commission receipts on the general level of income of commercial banks. This is evidenced by the computed the correlation coefficient (its value is 0.96 and shows the close relationship between the volume of revenues and volumes of their commission receipts), coefficient of determìnacìï, which is 0.91 (that is change the bank`s income on 91.0% depends on  the change in the volume of commission receipts of commercial banks) and strong elasticity ECI(I > 1 (the increase of commission receipts of banks in Ukraine has a significant impact on the growth of their  total). According that it is possible to conclude that the role of commissions in the general process of generating revenues of the bank is increased.
THE FORMATION OF EFFECTIVE ACCOUNTING INFORMATION FOR MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: N. О. Tomilova-Yaremchuk  , M. M. Khomovyi  , S. M. Khomovyi  , O. G. Makarchuk
Published: March 2020

The questions of accounting and analytical support decision-making in agricultural enterprises are considered. The use of modern information technology and information company providing analytical processing credentials is analyzed. A primary document for the operational control over the implementation of decisions taken in the management of agricultural enterprises and the general formula for assessing the quality of management information’s offered.

To explore the nature and quality of accounting information in accounting processes at all levels of agricultural production and to identify the factors of monitoring and reporting to ensure the effectiveness and sustainable development of the enterprise. To analyze the contemporary accounting decisions making and analytical systems automating the process of effective decision-making and to offer an algorithm for their practical use in activities of agricultural enterprises.

For making any decision, regardless the type or the classification criterion, it is necessary to possess complete and quality information, which orients the head to select the optimal solution among the alternative options proposed. Operational tasks which are in modern management of agricultural enterprises require a high level of quality management information, which is formed of accounting and analytical system of the enterprise.

The effective element for improving the quality of information on agricultural enterprises is the system of controlling. It is the information-analytical basis for decision, control, correction and analysis of effective managerial decisions and combines management accounting, systematization and processing of management information. Such a system should operate in a company structure because it provides comprehensive information about the work of the company, provides planning, based on targets, represents a real alternative problem solving for managers and oversees their implementation. The use of such a system will reduce a significant part of managerial work that will have a positive impact on the quality of managerial decisions.
Climate Neutral Waste Management Оptions
Authors: Polygalov S.V. , Ilyinykh G.V.
Published: March 2020

A methodology for the ecological assessment of technologies for municipal solid waste (MSW) processing and solid recovered fuel (SRF) production is proposed, including calculations of direct, indirect and prevented greenhouse gas emissions at all stages of waste management, taking into account the composition of the waste, the properties of the individual components of the MSW and the characteristics of used equipment. The elemental balance of fossil and biogenic carbon was calculated for MSW management system. It is concluded that MSW processing with recyclables recovery and SRF production can reduce greenhouse gases release from 5.8 to 67.6 % with respect to waste disposal at the MSW landfill.
Mithopoetic Aspects in Contemporary Screen Culture
Authors: . A. N. Danilova
Published: March 2020

The article explores «the hero’s journey» – a universal mythological formula widely used in the cinema – as it is applied to the film «The Return» by A. Zvyagintsev. Myth here is seen as a way in which the author (director) expresses his concept, as well as a frame through which the reality and the individual destiny are perceived. It is a new mythology that has its origins within archaic and classical mythology, but also absorbs the entire spectrum of current sociocultural transformations.
Keywords: screen culture, media, art film, mythopoeia, monomyph, hero’s journey
Sound Environmental Development By Younger School Students As a Condition of Introduction to Culture
Authors: S.V. Kazakova
Published: March 2020

The article reveals the significance of the sound environment in the formation of the audio culture of a person; The author’s definitions of the terms “sound environment”, “personality culture” are given, the interdependence and interdependence of the sound environment and personality culture is revealed, the role of school disciplines in the development of the pupils’ sound space is indicated. The author presents the author’s program the formation of the audial culture of students in elementary school.
Keywords: sound environment, audio culture, development of a sound environment, formation of audio culture, younger students.
Síndrome de Burnout, variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e satisfação no trabalho na equipe de enfermagem hospitalar
Authors: Barbosa Bruna Silveira Toledo , Ferreira Lilian Gomes da Silva , Lima Jéssica Carvalho , Oliveira Renata Martins Matos , Souza Lara Andrade , Walsh Isabel Aparecida Porcatti de
Published: March 2020

Este é um estudo quantitativo realizado em 2015 a 2016, com o objetivo de avaliar prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout e suas relações com fatores sociodemográficos, características ocupacionais e satisfação no trabalho dos trabalhadores de enfermagem. Utilizou-se questionário semiestruturado para avaliação sociodemográfica e ocupacional, o Maslach Burnout Inventory para indicativo da Síndrome de Burnout e o Occupational Stress Indicator para satisfação no trabalho. A idade média dos trabalhadores foi de 33,73±8,33 anos, com predominância feminina (82,2%) e prevalência de risco moderado (52,3%) para a Síndrome de Burnout. Quanto maior a satisfação no trabalho, menor o risco para a Síndrome de Burnout. É importante que esses profissionais recebam condições adequadas de trabalho para que diminua o risco da doença que compromete a qualidade de vida e a assistência prestada.
Relações entre sintomas depressivos, dor e impacto da fibromialgia na qualidade de vida em mulheres
Authors: Graminha Cristiane Vitaliano , Pinto Juliana Martins , Oliveira Pedro Augusto Moreira de , Carvalho Eduardo Elias Vieira de
Published: March 2020

Este é um estudo quantitativo realizado de 2015 a 2018, com o objetivo de investigar as relações entre sintomas depressivos, intensidade da dor e impacto da fibromialgia na qualidade de vida em mulheres. Foram avaliadas 90 mulheres com fibromialgia, utilizando a Escala analógica visual, Escala de Depressão de Beck e o Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. A média da escala analógica visual foi de 6,75 e do Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire 61,43.  Quanto aos sintomas depressivos, 26,7% apresentaram sintomas moderados, 22,2% leves e 11,1% graves. Houve correlação inversa e fraca entre idade e qualidade de vida e moderada entre dor e qualidade de vida. Intensidade da dor e o impacto da fibromialgia na qualidade de vida foram maiores nas categorias de maior depressão. Concluiu-se que a intensidade da dor está associada ao impacto negativo na qualidade de vida e que a dor e o impacto negativo da fibromialgia na qualidade de vida aumentam a probabilidade de sintomas depressivos.
The influence of coordination on the attention stability of children with different nervous system typologie
Authors: Polevoy Georgiy Georgievich
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study is to define the influence of coordination abilities on attention stability development in first graders with different strengths of nervous system. Sixty 7- to 8-year-old schoolchildren from a usual comprehensive school participated in the research. Prior to the research, all children had been differentiated on equal 3 groups. The pedagogical experiment continued 7 months. During research there were changes in the groups. In the group KG, in the Shuttle run test, indicators have worsened from 10,3±0,6 s. to 10,4±0,6 s. (P>0,05), and in the methodic Bourdon Test indicators have worsened on 0,1 p. (P>0,05). In the group EG-2, in which schoolchildren were engaged taking into account the nervous system typology, there were considerable and positive changes. In the Shuttle run test indicators have improved from 10,3±0,6 s. to 9,7±0,5 s. (P<0,05), and in the methodic Bourdon Test indicators have improved on 1,4 p. (P<0,05). If the differentiated approach based on the typology is used, the indicators of movement coordination and attention stability will improve considerably during training.
PROTOTIPE ALAT UKUR INDEKS MASSA TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN INFRA MERAH
Authors: E. M. Simbolon Muhammad , Khilmi Ayu Firdausi Dzihan
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah alat yang mampu mengukur Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT) dari seseorang secara elektronik (automasi). Produk ini dikembangkan untuk memecahkan masalah efisinsi waktu dalam pengukuran IMT seseorang dengan memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi yang ada saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan produk yang terdiri dari beberapa langkah, yaitu observasi, perencanaan dan perancangan, percobaan dan pengujian, dan analisis. Subjek uji coba produk merupakan mahasiswa PJKR STKIP Muhammadiyah Bangka Belitung sebanyak 44 orang. Produk diuji validitas dengan metode validitas eksternal dan reliabilitas produk dengan metode tes ulang. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan korelasi product moment. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh nilai validitas untuk pengukuran berat badan sebesar 0.561, tinggi badan sebesar 0.699, dan IMT sebesar 0.428. Berdasarkan analisis data uji reliabilitas diperoleh r11 = 0.988 > rt= 0.297. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa IMT meter valid dan reliabel dalam pengukuran indeks massa tubuh serta lebih praktis dan efisien. Kata Kunci: Indeks masa tubuh, Infrared, Prototipe IMT Meter
TRANSPARASNI REKRUTMEN SUPERVISOR PENDIDIKAN JASMANI PADA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Basuki Sunarno
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui  kriteria dan persyaratan, proses rekruitmen calon supervisor pendidikan jasmani pada Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Kota Banjarbaru. Selain itu juga bertujuan mengetahui respon terhadap kriteria dan persyaratan serta proses rektuitmen calon supervisor pendidikan jasmani pada Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Kota Banjarbaru. Obyek penelitian ini adalah kriteria dan persyaratan serta proses rekrutimen calon supervisor. Subyek penelitian ada 6 (enam) orang yang terdiri dari kepala sekolah (2), guru pendidikan jasmani (2), pengawas pendidikan jasmani (1) dan pengawas SD (1). Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini mengajukan beberapa simpulan, yaitu (1) kriteria dan persyaratan calon supervisor pendidikan jasmani pada SD di Kota Banjarbaru diatur dalam Perda Kota Banjarbaru Nomor 3 Tahun 2013 tentang Pendidikan Pasal 58, (2) proses rekrutimen calon supervisor pendidikan jasmani terdiri dari dua tahapan, yaitu proyeksi dan seleksi, di dalamnya ada seleksi administrasi dan akademik, dan (3) respon guru pendidikan jasmani di Kota Banjarbaru terhadap kriteria dan persyaratan calon supervisor positif, dalam pengertian mengetahaui, memahami dan berusaha memenuhinya dalam proses rekrutimen calon supervisor. Penelitian ini mengajukan rekomendasi kepada pemerintah daerah kota Banjarbaru untuk transparan dan adil dalam proses rekruitmen calon supervisor pendidikan jasmani pada SD di Kota Banjarbaru. Kata Kunci: Rekrutimen, Transparansi dan Respon.
Control Of Anticoagulation Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation (COAT-AF Study) in Real Clinical Practice
Authors: Zarudsky A. A. , Gavrilova A. A. , Filinichenko Т. S.
Published: March 2020

Aim. To study the frequency of prescribing anticoagulant therapy in outpatients with AF in accordance with clinical guidelines.

Material and methods. Control Of Anticoagulation Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation (COAT-AF) observational study was conducted at the Saint Joasaph Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Patients with AF represented 15.5% of all patients admitted to cardiology department N1. 429 patients were included into the study: 203 women, 226 men; aged of 62.55±11.12 years. Exclusion criteria were mitral stenosis, mechanic prosthetic valve, first episode of AF. CHA2DS2-VASc score was used in all patients for calculation the risk of ischemic stroke and systemic thromboembolism. For patients that were treated by warfarin international normalization ratio (INR) was assessed at admission and discharge from the hospital.

Results. From 429 patients 35 had 1 point according to the CHA2DS2-VASc scale, 393 (91.6%) patients had ≥2 points. Only 1 patient had 0 point. Therefore, most patients had absolute indications to anticoagulant therapy. At admission 60 (14%) patients received new oral anticoagulants (NOACs), 213 (49.6%) – warfarin, 156 (36.4%) – did not take any oral anticoagulant. Among patients receiving warfarin only 36 (8.4%) had target INR at admission. Therefore, effective anticoagulant therapy was observed only in 22.4% of patients in real clinical practice. Analyzing anticoagulant therapy in 2016 and 2017 we found a significant increase in NOAC prescription from 10.4% in 2016 to 18.9% in 2017 (p=0.0193).

Conclusion. Our data reflects important gaps of anticoagulant therapy in real clinical practice. We compare our results with other Russian registries that included AF-patients. Data at admission and discharge suggests that there are great possibilities for optimization of anticoagulant therapy mainly with NOACs.
Remifentanil versus combined spinal-epidural technique for labour analgesia in multiparous women: a prospective non-randomized trial
Authors: Pintaric Tatjana Stopar , Zagar Tea , Semrl Neli , Umek Nejc , Lucovnik Miha , Velde Marc Van de , Blajic Iva
Published: March 2020

Background : Remifentanil has a suitable pharmacological profile for labour analgesia. Fast set up, onset, and limited time efficacy may render it useful in multiparas with a faster labour progression. The objective of this prospective, non-randomized trial was to compare the pain relief for vaginal delivery between remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia (RPCA) with that of combined spinal-epidural analgesia (CSEA) in multiparas.
Methods : After making an informed choice of either RPCA or CSEA, 162 multiparous women in the active phase of first-stage labour were enrolled in this study. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured during the whole period of labour using an 11-point numerical rating scale. The secondary outcomes were satisfaction with pain-relief, adverse effects, labour progress and outcomes.
Results : CSEA provided lower pain scores and a higher satisfaction rate than RPCA [3.9 (0.36) vs 2.6 (1.1), P <0.001]. Also, more patients opted for the CSEA for their next labour [CSEA; 77 (95%) vs. RPCA; 65 (81%), P =0.003]. However, more than 80% of women in the RPCA group graded their satisfaction as good and very good with a high rate of recommendation and no crossovers observed. Remifentanil was associated with desaturation, bradypnea and apnoea in 27 (34%), 17 (21%) and 20 (25%) respective cases. All recovered spontaneously upon verbal or tactile stimulation. No clinically important differences were noted in sedation level, labour progress and outcomes.
Conclusions : CSEA provided superior pain relief compared to RPCA in multiparas. Despite that, remifentanil was highly rated, with a high rate of recommendation and no crossovers to CSEA. That can be attributed to the fact that women with previewed shorter labour were more likely to choose a less invasive analgesic option which provided an element of personal control. Thus, given no difference in labour outcomes, remifentanil could be offered as a routine analgesic option provided rigorous adherence to the necessary protocols are ensured. The presence of a midwife is essential for timely management of respiratory depression or other severe outcomes.
An elaboration on the causes of plagiarism in Iran: a grounded theory study
Authors: Abbasi Parvin , lebni Javad yoosefi , Nouri Paricher , Ziapour Arash , Jalali Amir
Published: March 2020

Background: Plagiarism is an ethical and academic issue in which several factors are effective. The presents study is an attempt to introduce a model for elaborating on the causes of plagiarism in Iran. Methods: The study was carried out as a qualitative grounded theory study. The data was collected through deep semi-structured interviews with 32 university professors and postgraduate students at Iranian universities of medical sciences. The participants were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling. Data analysis was done following Strauss and Crobin (1998). To ensure study vigor, Guba and Lincoln measures were used. Results: A conceptual model of the causes of plagiarism was developed based on analyzing and coding the data. The main core of the model was the emergence of plagiarism and other cores were 1- causal condition: lack of skill, pressure by education system, and lack of awareness; 2- intervening factors: technological advances, legal gaps, and lack of efficient supervision; 3- ground factors: personal traits and attitudes of the academic community; 4- strategy and interventions: role model, supervision, national/international coordination, higher awareness; 5- outcomes; regeneration of plagiarism and negative attitudes towards Iranian authors in academic communities in the world. Conclusion: Several factors affect plagiarism. Among the approaches to attenuate plagiarism in Iranian academic communities are improving self-esteem and self-efficacy in Iranian researchers, emphasizing on quality rather than quantity of published works, discouraging boasting attitudes in the practitioners, denouncing intense competition among researchers, and introducing clear laws and severe punishments for plagiarism.
Microglia-derived FGF21 as a modulator of astrocytic phenotype and cerebral ischemia injury
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Dongxue , Zhu Liyun , Du Jingting , Lin Ping , Liang Fei , Wang Xue , Tan Xianxi , Lin Li
Published: March 2020

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important neuroprotective factor in the central nervous system (CNS), and it has been reported that FGF21 can protect against cerebral ischemia during the acute phase. However, the possible effects of FGF21 on ischemic brains and the interactions between FGF21 and nonneuronal cells have not been examined. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the protective effects of endogenous FGF21 in ischemic brains.Methods: In this study, in vivo ischemia/reperfusion injury mouse model established by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion and in vitro cell models of oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation (R) were used. Western blot analysis, RT-PCR, double immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, neurobehavioral tests, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and high-throughput gene sequencing were employed to explore the mechanism by which FGF21 unleash neuroprotective effort of astrocyte phenotype shifts in ischemic stroke.Results: We found that cortical FGF21 expression significantly increased after MCAO/reperfusion, peaking at 7 d. Ischemia-activated microglia were the main sources of endogenous FGF21 in brain tissue. However, FGF21 deficiency aggravated brain injury and slowed neurological functional recovery in FGF21 knockout mice. The in vitro and vivo studies revealed that FGF21 could activate astrocytes and mediate astrocytic phenotype. FGF21-activated astrocytes contributed to neuronal survival and synaptic protein upregulation after ischemia.Conclusion: Collectively, our data indicate that FGF21 plays vital roles in alleviating ischemic brain by mediating the manifestation of potentially pro-recovery astrocytic phenotypes. Therefore, modulation of FGF21 is a potential target strategy for stroke.
Involvement of the dorsal striatum in the processing of happy faces in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Lamers Agnes , Toepper Max , Fernando Silvia Carvalho , Schlosser Nicole , Lenz Eva , Woermann Friedrich , Beblo Thomas , Driessen Martin
Published: March 2020

Background Emotion dysfunction and anhedonia are main problems in borderline personality disorder (BPD). In the present functional MRI (fMRI) study, we investigated neural activation in the processing of happy faces and its correlates with habitual emotion acceptance in patients with BPD. Methods 22 women with BPD and 26 female healthy controls watched movie clips of happy and neutral faces during fMRI without any instruction of emotion regulation. To associate neural activation with habitual emotion acceptance, we included individual scores of the Emotion Acceptance Questionnaire (EAQ) as a covariate in brain data analysis. Results All participants showed amygdala, temporal and occipital activation in the processing of happy compared to neutral faces. Additionally, healthy controls showed activation of the hippocampus and patients with BPD showed dorso-striatal (caudate, putamen) activation in the happy compared to the neutral condition. Compared with healthy controls, patients with BPD showed significantly more caudate activation. We could not find significant correlations with the EAQ. Conclusions Our results indicate caudate hyperactivation in patients with BPD during the processing of happy faces. Although patients reported significantly less emotion acceptance of positive emotions, an association with neural activation was not detectable.
Mortality and rehospitalization rates among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) at different levels of hospital spending
Authors: Lin Shih-Chi , Tsai Kuan-Yi , Wang Hung-Yu , Shen Shih-Pei , Chou Frank
Published: March 2020

Background Evidence has shown that the relationships between hospital spending and treatment outcomes for physical conditions have been inconclusive. So to investigate the association between hospital spending and both risk-adjusted mortality and rehospitalization rates among patients with severe mental illness (SMI). Method This was a retrospective cohort study that used the Taiwan National Health Research Institute Database (NHRID) from 1999 to 2010. Hospital end-of-life (EOL) spending was used to quantify hospital spending and was determined by the total medical costs of the last year of life of patients with at least one previous psychiatric hospitalization. Patients with schizophrenia (n=13,229), bipolar disorder (n=4,476) and major depressive disorder (n=5,177) were followed for mortality and rehospitalization to psychiatric wards from 2009 to 2010 after they had been discharged from the study hospitals. Results Patients with schizophrenia had lower rehospitalization and mortality rates when treated at higher-spending hospitals than when treated at the lowest-spending hospitals. However, these associations became weak, even nonsignificant, when adjusted for patient-level variables. There were no significant findings for patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder when patient-level variables were adjusted for. Patient-level variables showed more determinant roles than hospital-level variables in the relationships between hospital spending and treatment outcomes. Conclusion Hospitals that spend more at the EOL had lower mortality and rehospitalization rates for patients with schizophrenia but higher rates for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Most of these associations could be explained by patients’ characteristics more than hospitals’ characteristics.
CONCENTRATION AND COMPETITION RESEARCH. THE INSURANCE MARKET OF UKRAINE
Authors: Zhuravka O. , Pakhnenko O. , Sukhomlyn A.
Published: March 2020

The concentration of the insurance market is an objective process that evolves by the trends of the world market laws. In practice, many countries use a whole set of indicators that are developed by the world economic science to estimate the concentration level in different sectors of the economy. Official statistics, unfortunately, give only a fragmentary assessment of the concentration level of the domestic insurance market. The National Financial Services Commission considers two indicators: the concentration ratio and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. The analysis of these indicators is provided on the whole market and separately on the non-life and Life insurance markets only by the volume of insurance premiums. Such an assessment is very general, and the insurance market of Ukraine remains informationally closed. Studies have shown that the level of market concentration is related to the processes of monopolization and competition. Significant concentration on the life insurance market, which in turn defines it as moderately monopolized and not a significant concentration on the risk insurance market, which has a significant level of competition.
However, among a large number of insurance companies in the insurance market other than life insurance, it is possible to single out leaders who, compared to their competitors, have a significant amount of insurance payments and hold a significant share of the market in terms of insurance premiums, assets and what is important for customer - the proper level of payments, which is confirmed by the amount of insurance claims. In the market of risk insurance of Ukraine the leaders are such system-forming insurance companies as «UNIKA», «IG TAS», «ARSENAL UKRAINE», «PZU UKRAINE», «АХА INSURANCE» and «INGO UKRAINE».
Key words: insurance market, concentration of insurance market, rating, assets of insurance companies, level of payments, competition.
The Effect of Algorithm Education on Students’ Computer Programming Self-Efficacy Perceptions and Computational Thinking Skills
Authors: MIHCI Türker PINAR , Pala Ferhat Kadir
Published: March 2020

In this study, the effect of algorithm education on teacher candidates’ computational thinking skills and computer programming self-efficacy perceptions were examined. In the study, one group pretest posttest experimental design was employed. The participants consisted of 24 (14 males and 10 females) teacher candidates, majoring in Computer Education and Instructional Technology (CEIT). In order to determine the teacher candidates’ computer programming self-efficacy perceptions, the Computer Programming Self-Efficacy Scale was used, whereas Computational Thinking Skills Scale was used to determine their computational thinking skills. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to analyze the differences between pretest and posttest scores of students' computer programming self-efficacy perceptions and computational thinking skills. Throughout the practices, 10 different algorithmic problems were presented to the students each week, and they were asked to solve these problems using flow chart. For 13 weeks, 130 different algorithmic problems were solved. Algorithm education positively and significantly increased students' simple programming tasks, complex programming tasks and programming self-efficacy perceptions. On the other hand, algorithm education had a positive and significant effect only on students’ algorithmic thinking sub-dimension but did not have any effect on other sub-dimensions and computational thinking skills in general.
The impact of state support on the development of non-resource exports in the Russian Federation
Authors: Simonova Lyudmila M. , Dorokhova Anastasiia O.
Published: March 2020

This article aims to study the role of government instruments supporting export-oriented enterprises, which specialize in the production of non-resource and non-energy goods and services. In view of the increasing importance and potential of small and medium-sized enterprises, the authors, using economic analysis of the data of the Russian Federal Customs Service and the statistics of the Russian Export Center, have confirmed the need of such enterprises being the central element of the national system of support and development of exports.
The results prove that the majority of export-oriented small and medium enterprises show interest in starting export activities, increasing its share, and seeking to expand the geography of their supplies. However, a number of factors prevent the foreign economic strategy, including lack of confidence and employees with export competencies, financial limitations, as well as complete inexperience when interacting with foreign counterparts and markets in general.
The authors have determined that the insufficient level of competitiveness on part of the Russian producers requires a full-fledged support of the state authorities to stimulate non-resource and non-energy export. The statistical analysis of the recent years shows that the indicator of Russian competitiveness on foreign markets has not undergone serious changes due to the low competitiveness of the Russian exported goods, as well as insufficient knowledge and skills of export-oriented enterprises in terms of strengthening their position on new markets.
The world experience shows that each nation puts their own priorities on the choice of export development direction. Based on a comparative analysis and classification of support measures in the European Union, the authors have identified the possibility of approximating the existing mechanisms for supporting small and medium export-oriented enterprises in the Russia.
The results have revealed a linear relationship between the launch of programs to support export-oriented enterprises and the growth of foreign economic activity in general, as well as the relationship between such activities as the interaction with relevant ministries and agencies, the cooperation with key industry and business organizations, and the improvement of export conditions in Russia.
Risk and threat assessment for youths at regional labor market (the case of the Sverdlovsk Region)
Authors: Tarasova Anna N. , Chernykh Natalia A.
Published: March 2020

This article analyzes the main risks and threats that arise in the contemporary labor market among the young people. Given the changes that are taking place under the economical digitalization, globalization processes, as well as due to the increase in the retirement age in Russia, there is a growing need to study the emerging risks. This paper assesses the level of threats to young professionals entering the labor market. The empirical basis of the work includes the data of statistics on labor and employment in Russia and the Sverdlovsk Region, as well as the results of the two empirical studies conducted by the authors in 2018-2019 by means of content analysis of employers’ advertisements and a questionnaire survey of the population. 6,521 vacancy announcements in the Sverdlovsk region were analyzed. 630 people (aged 18-60) were interviewed the sample was quoted by sex and age. The methods of data analysis include frequency distribution analysis, mean analysis, correlation analysis, and Chi-squared difference analysis. The authors have identified the main types of risks on the labor market: they are the problems of employment and the threat of unemployment; employment outside the studied specialty and “leaving” the profession; high differentiation of wages by industry and salary risks; non-compliance with labor legislation and social guarantees; involvement in informal employment. A detailed analysis of these risks is carried out and the threat level is assessed. The authors conclude that the greatest threat in the regional labor market is the mismatch of places of employment of existing qualifications and received specialty. This threat is dangerous not only on its own, leading to the loss of professional skills and competencies, a decrease in overall productivity, etc. Even worse, it increases the likelihood of other risks in the labor market. The employment outside the studied specialty correlates with violation of labor laws, non-compliance with labor rights of employees, and involvement in informal employment.
A Brief Review on the Development of Novel Potentially Active Azetidin-2-ones Against Cancer
Authors: da Silveira Pinto Ligia S. , Vasconcelos Thatyana R. Alves , Gomes Claudia Regina B. , de Souza Marcus Vinícius N.
Published: March 2020

Azetidin-2-ones (β-lactams) and its derivatives are an important group of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant. Efforts have been made over the years to develop novel congeners with superior biological activities and minimal potential for undesirable side effects. The present review aimed to highlight some recent discoveries (2013-2019) on the development of novel azetidin-2-one-based compounds as potential anticancer agents.
Review on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Structure, Signaling Pathways, Interactions, and Recent Updates of EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Sabbah Dima A. , Hajjo Rima , Sweidan Kamal
Published: March 2020

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the ERBB family of tyrosine kinase receptors. EGFR signaling cascade is a key regulator in cell proliferation, differentiation, division, survival, and cancer development. In this review, the EGFR structure and its mutations, signaling pathway, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, EGF/EGFR interaction, and the progress in the development of EGFR inhibitors have been explored.