bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Around the EQUATOR with Clin‐STAR: Prediction modeling opportunities and challenges in aging research
Authors: Deardorff W. James , Diaz‐Ramirez L. Grisell , Boscardin W. John , Smith Alexander K. , Lee Sei J.
Published: November 2023

The 2015 Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) Statement was published to improve reporting transparency for prediction modeling studies. The objective of this review is to highlight methodologic challenges that aging‐focused researchers will encounter when designing and reporting studies involving prediction models for older adults and provide guidance for addressing these challenges. In following the 22‐item TRIPOD checklist, researchers must consider the representativeness of cohorts used (e.g., whether older adults with frailty, cognitive impairment, and social isolation were included), strategies for incorporating common geriatric predictors (e.g., age, comorbidities, functional status, and frailty), methods for handling missing data and competing risk of death, and assessment of model performance heterogeneity across important subgroups (e.g., age, sex, race, and ethnicity). We provide guidance to help aging‐focused researchers develop, validate, and report models that can inform and improve patient care, which we label “TRIPOD‐65.”
The effects of fucoidan‐rich polysaccharides extracted from Sargassum horneri on enhancing collagen‐related skin barrier function as a potential cosmetic product
Authors: Kang Jung‐Wook , Hyun Seung Hun , Kim Hyo‐Min , Park Sook‐Young , Lee Jung‐A , Lee In‐Chul , Bae Jong‐Sup
Published: November 2023

Background

Sargassum horneri came ashore after flowing from the South China Sea to Jeju Island a few years ago. This caused a significant environmental impact on coastal areas where S. horneri has accumulated because of decomposition and the release of toxic substances, such as hydrogen sulfide.

Aims

In this study, we evaluated a biological ingredient prepared from fucoidan‐rich S. horneri and demonstrated its antiwrinkle effects on ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced fibroblast cells.

Materials and Methods

Fucoidan samples from S. horneri were prepared according to a previously published process with modifications. The compositional analysis of S. horneri fucoidan extract (SHFE) as well as its effects on antiaging were examined to determine its utility as a functional material.

Results

SHFE exhibited antioxidant properties using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Treatment of UVB‐induced fibroblasts with SHFE significantly increased the synthesis of procollagen compared with adenosine treatment and inhibited MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 expression. In a clinical study, SHFE lotion improved skin barrier effects in forearms and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values were reduced after 3 weeks of use compared with a placebo.

Conclusion

SHFE has utility as an additive with functional antiaging effects for a range of cosmetic products as it restores skin hydration in the epidermal barrier.
From the West to the East: The Spread and Alienation of Fancy‐dress Skating in Modern China
Authors: Li Huang , Liu Zhu
Published: November 2023

Fancy‐dress skating was originally a comprehensive cultural activity integrating entertainment, social contact, and sports, introduced to China from the West in modern times. Since its introduction in China, it has spread widely throughout Beijing, and has undergone considerable variations. Taking Beijing as an example, this study systematically analyses and explains the development and variation of fancy‐dress skating in China which was introduced by the West from the perspectives of public social opinion and organizational participants. Its dissemination and variations are typical examples of cross‐cultural communication of the Western culture in the context of modern Chinese mass communication. It is also the epitome of the diversified interactions between entertainment and society. In modern Chinese history, fancy‐dress skating gradually resonated with historical themes and finally took a new cultural form similar to, but different from what was originally based on the Western contexts.
Fertility, heterogeneity, and the Golden Rule
Authors: Ponthiere Gregory
Published: November 2023

According to Phelps' Golden Rule, a rise in fertility decreases the optimal capital intensity, because a higher fertility increases the investment required to sustain a given capital intensity (the capital dilution effect). Using a matrix population model embedded in a two‐period overlapping generation setting, we examine the robustness of that relationship to the partitioning of the population into two subpopulations having distinct fertility behaviors and entering the production process as distinct inputs. We show that, unlike what prevails under a homogeneous population, a rise in fertility (caused by a change in type‐specific fertility) does not necessarily reduce the Golden Rule capital intensity. The intuition is that changes in type‐specific fertility modify the composition of the labor force, which affects the marginal productivity of capital and the capital dilution effect. When the composition effect induced by the fertility change outweighs the standard capital dilution effect prevailing under a fixed partition of the population, a rise in fertility increases the optimal capital intensity. These results are robust to a finer description of heterogeneity, that is, a partitioning of the population into a larger number of subpopulations.
The Macroprudential Toolkit: Effectiveness and Interactions
Authors: Millard Stephen , Rubio Margarita , Varadi Alexandra
Published: November 2023

We use a DSGE model with financial frictions and with macroprudential limits on both banks and mortgage borrowers, in the form of capital requirements and maximum debt‐service ratios. We then examine: (i) the impact of different combinations of macroprudential limits on key macroeconomic aggregates; (ii) their interaction with each other and with monetary policy; and (iii) their effects on the volatility of key macroeconomic variables and on welfare. We find that capital requirements on banks are the optimal tool when faced with a financial shock, as they nullify the effects of financial frictions and reduce the effects of the shock on the real economy. Instead, limits on mortgage debt‐service ratios are optimal following a housing demand shock, as they disconnect the housing market from the real economy, reducing the volatility of inflation. Hence, no policy on its own is sufficient to deal with a wide range of shocks.
Evaluation of a new online cognitive remediation therapy (CIRCuiTSTM) training for mental health professionals
Authors: Taylor Rumina , Crowther Adam , Tinch‐Taylor Rose , Lewin Caroline da Cunha , Cali Caterina , Reeder Clare , Cella Matteo , Wykes Til
Published: November 2023

Objective

Cognitive remediation (CR) improves cognition and aids recovery in people with psychosis. An active therapist provides increased benefit, but CR training for therapists is not routinely available, so CR has limited scalability. This study describes the development and evaluation of the first online CR therapist training programme.

Methods

An online CR training, based on expert and novice therapist consultations, was developed, and then pilot tested with novice trainees and changes made to produce the evaluation version. Feasibility, acceptability, and training benefits were assessed in a group of naïve UK NHS mental health professionals. Training engagement with a group of clinicians who accessed the programme for professional development was compared to those who paid fees.

Results

Most mental health professionals finished training and passed the knowledge test, indicating that training enhanced clinicians' knowledge. Fee‐paying trainees had significantly faster completion times and a higher proportion finished in the recommended time. Those who were successful at passing the knowledge questionnaire had significantly fewer years in practice. The majority were satisfied with the programme, felt they had made considerable progress and that training would allow them to begin practicing CR, and would recommend the training to colleagues.

Conclusions

This online CR training programme was feasible, acceptable to participants and showed benefits for clinicians. It improved knowledge even in the most junior of staff who have had less time to develop clinical know‐how.
Cannibal Maria in the Siege of Jerusalem: New approaches
Authors: Pareles Mo
Published: November 2023

This essay traces the far‐reaching legend of Maria/Miriam of Bethezuba, sometimes called Mary, Marie, or Marion, a starving Jewish woman who (according to Flavius Josephus'sThe Jewish War) ate her own baby during the 70 CE Roman Siege of Jerusalem. This episode of maternal infanticide and cannibalism under occupation is the culmination of Biblical curses and prophecies, a complicated reference to the Eucharist, and an emblem of Jewish (women's) suffering and culpability across time. It is also a key to Jewish‐Christian arguments about futurity and the writing of history. Scholarly developments in the past decade prompt a new look at this episode. These include research on Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Arabic and other translations of Josephus that demonstrate complex relationships among Jewish, Christian, and Muslim readerships and modern English translations of key Hebrew, Arabic, Ge'ez (Ethiopic), and Middle English versions of the story. This essay provides a brief literary and theological history of Maria's story informed by the new scholarship, with particular attention to medieval Jewish‐Christian relations, and suggests additional directions for research.
Geography in the world part 2: Editorial
Authors: McFarlane Colin
Published: November 2023

This editorial introduces the second collection of ‘Geography in the World’. It highlights three key concerns raised by the contributors: the tension between conservative and radical approaches; collaborating across the global North–South divide; and diversity in Geography teaching programmes. Building on Part 1, the collection offers a resource for exploring some of the key challenges and opportunities geographers face globally.
Intersections of orbits of self‐maps with subgroups in semiabelian varieties
Authors: Bell Jason , Ghioca Dragos
Published: November 2023

Let be a semiabelian variety defined over an algebraically closed field , endowed with a rational self‐map . Let and let be a finitely generated subgroup. We show that the set is a union of finitely many arithmetic progressions along with a set of Banach density equal to . In addition, assuming that is regular, we prove that the set must be finite.
Hypoxia sensing in the body: An update on the peripheral and central mechanisms
Authors: Zoccal Daniel B. , Vieira Beatriz N. , Mendes Letícia R. , Evangelista Andressa B. , Leirão Isabela P.
Published: November 2023

An adequate supply of O2 is essential for the maintenance of cellular activity. Systemic or local hypoxia can be experienced during decreased O2 availability or associated with diseases, or a combination of both. Exposure to hypoxia triggers adjustments in multiple physiological systems in the body to generate appropriate homeostatic responses. However, with significant reductions in the arterial partial pressure of O2, hypoxia can be life‐threatening and cause maladaptive changes or cell damage and death. To mitigate the impact of limited O2 availability on cellular activity, O2 chemoreceptors rapidly detect and respond to reductions in the arterial partial pressure of O2, triggering orchestrated responses of increased ventilation and cardiac output, blood flow redistribution and metabolic adjustments. In mammals, the peripheral chemoreceptors of the carotid body are considered to be the main hypoxic sensors and the primary source of excitatory feedback driving respiratory, cardiovascular and autonomic responses. However, current evidence indicates that the CNS contains specialized brainstem and spinal cord regions that can also sense hypoxia and stimulate brain networks independently of the carotid body inputs. In this manuscript, we review the discoveries about the functioning of the O2 chemoreceptors and their contribution to the monitoring of O2 levels in the blood and brain parenchyma and mounting cardiorespiratory responses to maintain O2 homeostasis. We also discuss the implications of the chemoreflex‐related mechanisms in paediatric and adult pathologies.
Evaluación de una mezcla asfáltica utilizando agregados reciclados de concreto. Caso de estudio. Clima de alta temperatura
Authors: Vacca-Gamez Hermes Ariel , Rubio-Tafur José Elvert , Moreno-Chaparro Hernán Camilo , Rondon-Quintana Hugo Alexander
Published: November 2023

En proyectos de infraestructura vial se explotan y utilizan grandes cantidades de agregados de origen natural (NA) para la conformación de capas asfálticas en estructuras de pavimento. Para disminuir el impacto ambiental negativo que genera esta práctica, estos materiales podrían ser sustituidos por agregados de concreto reciclado (RCA). En el presente estudio se midió y evaluó el cambio que experimenta la rigidez bajo carga cíclica (módulo resiliente – RM) y la resistencia a la deformación permanente de una mezcla de concreto asfáltico (HMA) cuando se sustituye la fracción gruesa (gravas y arenas) de un NA por RCA en proporciones de 20%, 40% y 80 % con respecto a la masa. El RM y la deformación permanente fueron medidos debido a que Colombia es un país donde predomina el clima de alta temperatura, en el cual uno de los principales mecanismos de daño de HMAs es el ahuellamiento.  En el presente estudio se reporta un aumento del RM y la resistencia a la deformación permanente de la HMA analizada para cualquier porcentaje de sustitución. Es decir, el uso de RCA como sustituto de NAs podría ser una alternativa sostenible, al mismo tiempo que podría ayudar a incrementar la resistencia al ahuellamiento de HMAs.
A New Sequential Sampling Method for Surrogate Modeling Based on a Hybrid Metric
Authors: Hu Weifei , Zhao Feng , Deng Xiaoyu , Cong Feiyun , Wu Jianwei , Liu Zhenyu , Tan Jianrong
Published: November 2023

Sequential sampling methods have gained significant attention due to their ability to iteratively construct surrogate models by sequentially inserting new samples based on existing ones. However, efficiently and accurately creating surrogate models for high-dimensional, nonlinear, and multimodal problems is still a challenging task. This paper proposes a new sequential sampling method for surrogate modeling based on a hybrid metric, specifically making the following three contributions: (1) a hybrid metric is developed by integrating the leave-one-out cross-validation error, the local nonlinearity, and the relative size of Voronoi regions using the entropy weights, which well considers both the global exploration and local exploitation of existing samples; (2) a Pareto-TOPSIS strategy is proposed to first filter out unnecessary regions and then efficiently identify the sensitive region within the remaining regions, thereby improving the efficiency of sensitive region identification; and (3) a prediction-error-and-variance (PE&V) learning function is proposed based on the prediction error and variance of the intermediate surrogate models to identify the new sample to be inserted in the sensitive region, ultimately improving the efficiency of the sequential sampling process and the accuracy of the final surrogate model. The proposed sequential sampling method is compared with four state-of-the-art sequential sampling methods for creating Kriging surrogate models in seven numerical cases and one real-world engineering case of a cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine. The results show that compared with the other four methods, the proposed sequential sampling method can more quickly and robustly create an accurate surrogate model using a smaller number of samples.
Boosting Energy Return Using 3D Printed Midsoles Designed With Compliant Constant Force Mechanisms
Authors: Ou Haihua , Johnson Shane
Published: November 2023

The enhancement of midsole compressive energy return is associated with improved running economy. Traditional midsole materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and polyether block amide (PEBA) foams typically exhibit hardening force–displacement characteristics. On the other hand, a midsole with softening properties, which can be achieved through compliant constant force mechanisms (CFMs), can provide significant benefits in terms of energy storage and return. This study presents the development of such a midsole, incorporating 3D printed TPU CFM designs derived through structural optimization. The mechanical properties under cyclic loading were evaluated and compared with those of commercially available running shoes with state-of-the-art PEBA foam midsoles, specifically the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next% 2 (NVP). Our custom midsole demonstrated promising mechanical performance. At similar deformation levels, the new design increased energy storage by 58.1% and energy return by 47.0%, while reducing the peak compressive force by 24.3%. As per our understanding, this is the first study to prove that the inclusion of CFMs in the structural design of 3D printed midsoles can significantly enhance energy return.
A Neptune-mass exoplanet in close orbit around a very low-mass star challenges formation models
Authors: Stefánsson Guðmundur , Mahadevan Suvrath , Miguel Yamila , Robertson Paul , Delamer Megan , Kanodia Shubham , Cañas Caleb I. , Winn Joshua N. , Ninan Joe P. , Terrien Ryan C. , Holcomb Rae , Ford Eric B. , Zawadzki Brianna , Bowler Brendan P. , Bender Chad F. , Cochran William D. , Diddams Scott , Endl Michael , Fredrick Connor , Halverson Samuel , Hearty Fred , Hill Gary J. , Lin Andrea S. J. , Metcalf Andrew J. , Monson Andrew , Ramsey Lawrence , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Wright Jason T. , Zeimann Gregory
Published: November 2023

Theories of planet formation predict that low-mass stars should rarely host exoplanets with masses exceeding that of Neptune. We used radial velocity observations to detect a Neptune-mass exoplanet orbiting LHS 3154, a star that is nine times less massive than the Sun. The exoplanet’s orbital period is 3.7 days, and its minimum mass is 13.2 Earth masses. We used simulations to show that the high planet-to-star mass ratio (>3.5 × 10
−4
) is not an expected outcome of either the core accretion or gravitational instability theories of planet formation. In the core-accretion simulations, we show that close-in Neptune-mass planets are only formed if the dust mass of the protoplanetary disk is an order of magnitude greater than typically observed around very low-mass stars.
Divergent molecular networks program functionally distinct CD8+skin-resident memory T cells
Authors: Park Simone L. , Christo Susan N. , Wells Alexandria C. , Gandolfo Luke C. , Zaid Ali , Alexandre Yannick O. , Burn Thomas N. , Schröder Jan , Collins Nicholas , Han Seong-Ji , Guillaume Stéphane M. , Evrard Maximilien , Castellucci Clara , Davies Brooke , Osman Maleika , Obers Andreas , McDonald Keely M. , Wang Huimeng , Mueller Scott N. , Kannourakis George , Berzins Stuart P. , Mielke Lisa A. , Carbone Francis R. , Kallies Axel , Speed Terence P. , Belkaid Yasmine , Mackay Laura K.
Published: November 2023

Skin-resident CD8+T cells include distinct interferon-γ–producing [tissue-resident memory T type 1 (TRM1)] and interleukin-17 (IL-17)–producing (TRM17) subsets that differentially contribute to immune responses. However, whether these populations use common mechanisms to establish tissue residence is unknown. In this work, we show that TRM1 and TRM17 cells navigate divergent trajectories to acquire tissue residency in the skin. TRM1 cells depend on a T-bet–Hobit–IL-15 axis, whereas TRM17 cells develop independently of these factors. Instead, c-Maf commands a tissue-resident program in TRM17 cells parallel to that induced by Hobit in TRM1 cells, with an ICOS–c-Maf–IL-7 axis pivotal to TRM17 cell commitment. Accordingly, by targeting this pathway, skin TRM17 cells can be ablated without compromising their TRM1 counterparts. Thus, skin-resident T cells rely on distinct molecular circuitries, which can be exploited to strategically modulate local immunity.
Anti-virulence and bactericidal activities of Stattic against
Shigella sonnei
Authors: Wang Mingfang , Zeng Jia , Tan Huihui , Guo Quan , Li Xia , Ling Xiwen , Zhang Jinyue , Song Shihao , Deng Yinyue
Published: November 2023

Shigella sonnei
is an important human pathogen that provokes severe colitis and diarrhea, causing high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Because of increasing drug resistance, it is particularly important to develop new antibacterial agents against
S. sonnei
. In this study, we report that Stattic, a potent signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitor, was found to be effective against
S. sonnei
. Our results showed that Stattic has dual antibacterial mechanisms. At low concentrations, Stattic binds to GalU of
S. sonnei
, inhibits its enzyme activity, and then reduces biofilm formation and extracellular polysaccharide production, which ultimately attenuates
S. sonnei
virulence in human cell lines. At high concentrations, Stattic could kill bacteria by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, causing space collapse and the outflow of contents. Furthermore, Stattic showed excellent synergistic effects with antibiotics against
S. sonnei
. In addition, Stattic also showed anti-virulence activity against
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. Together, our findings suggest the promising potential and advantages of Stattic as a new therapeutic agent against bacterial pathogens.

IMPORTANCE

Shigella sonnei
is a major human enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery. The increasing spread of drug-resistant
S. sonnei
strains has caused an emergent need for the development of new antimicrobial agents against this pathogenic bacterium. In this study, we demonstrate that Stattic employs two antibacterial mechanisms against
S. sonnei
. It exerted both anti-virulence activity and bactericidal activity against
S. sonnei
, suggesting that it shows advantages over traditional antibiotics. Moreover, Stattic showed excellent synergistic effects with kanamycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin against
S. sonnei
. Our findings suggest that Stattic has promising potential for development as a new antibiotic or as an adjuvant to antibiotics for infections caused by
S. sonnei
.
Ubiquitination-dependent degradation of nucleolin mediated by porcine circovirus type 3 capsid protein
Authors: Wang Dedong , Hou Lei , Ji Ying , Xie Jiali , Zhao Jie , Zhu Ning , Yang Xiaoyu , Zhou Jianwei , Cui Yongqiu , Guo Jinshuo , Feng Xufei , Liu Jue
Published: November 2023

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a virus that causes a wide range of illnesses, including porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, and multisystemic inflammation. Nucleolin is predominantly localized in the nucleus and is important in viral replication. Mass spectrometry has revealed that the PCV3 capsid (Cap) protein interacts with nucleolin. However, the effects of nucleolin on PCV3 replication remain unclear. This study confirmed that PCV3 Cap interacts with nucleolin and that the Cap nuclear location signal domain and nucleolin amino acids 1–110 are essential for the Cap-nucleolin interaction. Further examinations indicated that lysine residue 102 of nucleolin is conjugated to K48-linked polyubiquitination chains by the E3 ligase RNF34, which is transported by PCV3 Cap from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus, resulting in nucleolin degradation. PCV3 replication was increased by small interfering RNA-mediated nucleolin knockdown and was decreased by nucleolin overexpression. Inhibition of PCV3 replication by nucleolin overexpression was associated with nucleolin-promoted release of interferon β. These findings suggest that nucleolin functions as an antiviral protein to combat PCV3 infection by activating innate immunity. The findings provide important insights concerning the prevention and treatment of PCV3 infection.

IMPORTANCE

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging pathogen that causes multisystem disease in pigs and poses a severe threat to the swine industry. However, the mechanisms of how PCV3 uses host proteins to regulate its own life cycle are not well understood. In this study, we found that PCV3 capsid protein interacts with nucleolin and degrades it. Degradation of nucleolin by the PCV3 capsid protein requires recruitment of the enzyme RNF34, which is transported to the nucleolus from the cytoplasm in the presence of the PCV3 capsid protein. Nucleolin also decreases PCV3 replication by promoting the release of interferon β. These findings clarify the mechanism by which nucleolin modulates PCV3 replication in cells, thereby facilitating to provide an important strategy for preventing and controlling PCV3 infection.
Metagenomic survey of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Maryland surface waters differentiated by high and low human impact
Authors: Kocurek Brandon , Behling Shawn , Martin Gordon , Ramachandran Padmini , Reed Elizabeth , Grim Christopher , Mammel Mark , Zheng Jie , Franklin Alison , Garland Jay , Tadesse Daniel A. , Sharma Manan , Tyson Gregory H. , Kabera Claudine , Tate Heather , McDermott Patrick F. , Strain Errol , Ottesen Andrea
Published: November 2023

Here, we examine surface waters as a modality to better understand baseline antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across the environment to supplement existing AMR monitoring in pathogens associated with humans, foods, and animals. Data from metagenomic and quasimetagenomic (shotgun sequenced enrichments) are used to describe AMR in Maryland surface waters from high and low human impact classifications.
Characteristics of inflammatory phenotypes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wen Xiang , Deng Zhishan , Peng Jieqi , Yang Huajing , Wu Fan , Dai Cuiqiong , Zheng Youlan , Zhao Ningning , Wang Zihui , Xiao Shan , Xu Jianwu , Lu Lifei , Wu Xiaohui , Zhou Kunning , Dai Jianwei , Li Bing , Ran Pixin , Zhou Yumin
Published: November 2023

Background

The relationship between airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and clinical characteristics remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the airway inflammatory phenotypes in COPD and their association with clinical characteristics.

Methods

895 patients with COPD were recruited from Guangdong Province, China in this study. Each patient underwent questionnaire interviews, spirometry testing, CT scans and induced sputum examination. Classification of airway inflammation phenotypes was based on sputum inflammatory cell counts. Covariance analysis was applied to assess associations with airway inflammation phenotypes.

Results

In this study, we found that neutrophilic phenotype (NP, 58.0%) was the most common airway inflammation phenotype in patients with COPD, followed by mixed granulocytic phenotype (MGP, 32.6%), eosinophilic phenotype (EP, 5.4%) and paucigranulocytic phenotype (PP, 4.0%). Compared with NP patients, those with MGP exhibited more frequent chronic respiratory symptoms, and a higher proportion of individuals classified under Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages 3 and 4. After adjusting for confounding factors, MGP patients had lower lung function, and more severe emphysema and air trapping. On the contrary, patients with PP had the best pulmonary function and less emphysema and air trapping.

Conclusions

NP was the most common airway inflammation phenotype in patients with COPD. Patients with MGP had more respiratory symptoms, greater loss of lung function, and more severe emphysema and gas trapping compared with those with NP. Meanwhile, PP may be a phenotype of mild damage to lung structure in patients with COPD.
The estuarine growth and residency of juvenile Pacific salmon in North America: a compilation of empirical data
Authors: Arbeider Michael , Pemberton-Renaud Violaine , Hodgson Emma E. , Moore Jonathan W.
Published: November 2023

The value of estuaries as nursery habitat for juvenile anadromous salmon is likely variable across estuaries and species. Here, we compiled published empirical data on juvenile salmon estuarine growth and residency. We aimed to quantify the range and variability of these aspects for five species of Pacific salmon across estuaries, methodologies, and life histories. The majority of studies focused on Chinook and coho salmon, largely from their southern range. While there is some evidence of higher growth in wild-origin fish relative to hatchery-origin fish, the wide range of metrics employed made identification of trends among life histories challenging, and unification of reporting could strengthen future research. Different salmon life histories exhibited different residencies, with natural-origin subyearling coho exhibiting the longest mean residency (∼3 months) and 1+ sockeye salmon exhibiting the shortest (3.7 days). Across life histories, hatchery fish exhibited much shorter estuary residencies than wild fish. Collectively, our review highlights key patterns in salmon estuary ecology, identifies knowledge gaps, and lays the foundation for future studies to quantify the importance of estuaries for specific salmon.
Interference in science: scientists’ perspectives on their ability to communicate and conduct environmental research in Canada
Authors: Robertson Manjulika E. , Chu Samantha M. , Cloutier Anika , Mongeon Philippe , Driscoll Don A. , Heer Tej , Westwood Alana R.
Published: November 2023

When researchers are sufficiently resourced to conduct research and communicate their findings, the knowledge produced can benefit the environment and society through policy. However, interference with the research process and its subsequent knowledge mobilization (“interference in science”) has been observed in several countries, particularly for environmental researchers. Using a mixed-methods approach, we surveyed environmental researchers in Canada ( n = 741) to investigate the perceived prevalence, source, and effects of interference and considered whether these perceptions differ by region, career stage, research area, and membership in any scientific society. Although over half of researchers were not restricted from speaking to the media (54%), and most had never been asked to make “undue modifications” to their work (84%), the vast majority (92%) reported at least some degree of interference in their work during their careers. Consequences of interference were more prevalent among early-career researchers and included negative impacts on job satisfaction, mental health, and undue modification to work leading to inaccurate or incomplete science communication. Although environmental researchers in Canada deem themselves overall better able to conduct and communicate their work than under previous federal governments, reports of ongoing political interference remain concerning. We recommend increased support for researchers and further investigations into interference.
Flavor-changing top quark rare decays in the Bestest Little Higgs Model
Authors: Cisneros-Pérez T. , Hernández-Ruíz M. A. , Gutiérrez-Rodríguez A. , Cruz-Albaro E.
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates rare flavor-changing decays of the top quark in the Bestest Little Higgs Model (BLHM). As a result, flavor-changing phenomena are introduced in the BLHM for the first time. In this study, we incorporate new flavor mixing terms between the light quarks of the Standard Model (SM) and the fermions and bosons of the BLHM. We compute the one-loop contributions from the heavy quark (B) and the heavy bosons $$(W^{\prime \pm }, \phi ^{\pm }, \eta ^{\pm },H^{\pm })$$

(

W

′
±

,

ϕ
±

,

η
±

,

H
±

)

. Our findings demonstrate that the branching ratios of decays $$t\rightarrow qV$$

t
→
q
V

and $$t\rightarrow qh^0$$

t
→
q

h
0

, where $$q=u,c$$

q
=
u
,
c

and $$V=Z, \gamma , g $$

V
=
Z
,
γ
,
g

, can reach larger branching ratios compared to their counterparts in the SM, except for the gluon case. Moreover, we observe that the processes with the highest sensitivity are $$Br(t\rightarrow cZ)\sim 10^{-5}$$

B
r

(
t
→
c
Z
)

∼

10

-
5

, $$Br(t\rightarrow c\gamma )\sim 10^{-6}$$

B
r

(
t
→
c
γ
)

∼

10

-
6

and $$Br(t \rightarrow ch^0) \sim 10^{-8}$$

B
r

(
t
→
c

h
0

)

∼

10

-
8

within the appropriate parameter space.
FRACTAL STUDY ON INTERPOROSITY FLOW FUNCTION AND SHAPE FACTOR OF A POWER-LAW FLUID IN ROUGH FRACTURED DUAL MEDIA
Authors: YANG SHANSHAN , CUI RUIKE , ZOU MINGQING , SHENG QIONG , CHEN SHUAIYIN , WANG MENGYING
Published: November 2023

Many scholars have studied the interporosity flow function (IFF) and shape factor. However, the existing research does not consider the complex microstructure of dual media and the influence of fluid types on interporosity flow. In this paper, the anisotropic IFF and shape factor model of power-law fluid in smooth and rough fracture dual media are established by using the rough capillary bundle model and considering the influence of the microstructure of dual media and the type of fluid. The relationship between IFF, shape factor, and relative roughness in dual media is studied. It is found that the relative roughness is inversely proportional to the IFF and inversely proportional to the shape factor. In addition, the model is compared with the existing research and experimental data to verify the rationality of the model.
GEODESIC DISTANCES ON SIERPINSKI-LIKE SPONGES AND THEIR SKELETON NETWORKS
Authors: LU YING , ZENG QINGCHENG , XU JIAJUN , XI LIFENG
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we investigate the equivalence of connectedness for the Sierpinski-like sponge and skeleton networks, and find out the relation between the geodesic distance on the sponge and renormalized shortest path distance on the skeleton networks. Furthermore, under some assumption on the IFS, we obtain the comparability of the Manhattan distance and the geodesic distance on the sponge.
FRACTAL MODEL OF FLOW CURRENT IN MICRO ROUGH CAPILLARY TUBES
Authors: YANG SHANSHAN , SHENG QIONG , LIANG MINGCHAO , ZOU MINGQING
Published: November 2023

Based on the fractal geometry science and the model of flow friction resistance when fluid flows through rough microcapillaries, the formula of diffusion layer thickness and the spatial charge density distribution of the pipe were derived. The relationship between the amount of space charge and the structural parameters of rough elements, relative roughness, liquid conductivity, pipeline diameter, and other physical quantities was discussed. It was found that the height of rough elements is directly proportional to the thickness of the diffusion layer, and also positively proportional to the amount of current. The predicted results of the model are in good agreement with existing models and various published experimental data, verifying the accuracy and reliability of the model.
FRACTAL MODEL FOR EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS EMBEDDED WITH A DAMAGED TREE-LIKE BIFURCATION NETWORK
Authors: LIU MINGXING , GAO JUN , XIAO BOQI , WANG PEILONG , LI YI , ZHOU HUAN , LI SHAOFU , LONG GONGBO , XU YONG
Published: November 2023

Scientists worldwide have always been interested in the study of networks that resemble trees and porous materials. Therefore, based on fractal theory, this paper systematically studies the heat transfer problem of the damaged tree-like networks under different saturations in multi-medium composite materials and derives their dimensionless thermal conductivity (DTC). The research has shown that the dimensionless thermal conductivity (DTC) decreases with an increase in damaged channels. The saturation significantly impacts the heat transfer of the damaged tree networks, and it exhibits linear changes with the ratio of the gas phase, liquid phase, and solid phase. Additionally, it can be observed that the fractal dimension of length distribution and diameter distribution, bifurcation numbers, bifurcation series, porosity, and other parameters in the networks are related to thermal conductivity. The comparison between the data derived from this model and experimental data shows that the proposed model can effectively deepen our understanding of the heat transfer mechanism of the damaged networks in composite materials under different saturation levels. Additionally, the model in this paper does not have an empirical constant, which avoids the influence of potential factors.
Some Existence Theorems on Star Factors
Authors: Wang Xiumin , Ren Fengyun , He Dong , Tan Ao
Published: November 2023

The [Formula: see text]-factor and [Formula: see text]-factor of a graph are a spanning subgraph whose each component is an element of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, where [Formula: see text] is a special family of trees. In this paper, we obtain a sufficient condition in terms of tight toughness, isolated toughness and binding number bounds to guarantee the existence of a [Formula: see text]-factor and [Formula: see text]-factor for any graph.
Occult Central Lymph Node Metastasis in cN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Undergoing TOETVA Procedure
Authors: Xuan Hau Nguyen , Anh Tu Do , Xuan Hien Nguyen , Thai Duong Pham , Le Van Quang
Published: November 2023

Background. In this study, we evaluate the rate of CLNM and related factors in patients with cN0 PTC undergoing transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA), a feasible and safe procedure that is widely approved for early stage PTC patients. Method. A cross-sectional study was performed on 346 patients who underwent TOETVA due to thyroid cancer in the Department of Oncology and Palliative Care, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, from January 2020 to December 2021. The clinical, surgical, and pathological characteristics were recorded. Results. The mean age was 36.1 ± 9.1 (13–67) years. Females accounted for 96%. Total thyroidectomy was applied in 55 cases (15.9%), and conservative thyroidectomy accounted for 291 (84.4%). The median number of harvested lymph nodes in ipsilateral and bilateral CND groups is 5 (IQR: 3–7) and 7 (IQR: 3–10). The median number of metastasized lymph nodes in these two groups is 2 (IQR: 1–3) and 3 (IQR: 2–6), respectively. The rate of CLNM was 39.9%. Thyroiditis increased the number of harvested lymph nodes: 8.3 ± 0.7 (1–24) nodes,

p
=
0.002

. Tumor size on ultrasound, young age (<29 years old), and stage of tumor increased the possibility of CLNM,

p
<
0.05

. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression revealed that young age (<29 years old) and gross tumor invasion were independent risk factors of high number of CLNM with

p
<
0.05

. Conclusion. In summary, CLNM rate in patients with cN0 PTC accounted for 39.9%. With the facilities of pCND by TOETVA, a procedure that is widely approved for early PTC and has excellent cosmetics and oncological results, pCND should be considered in patients with risk factors like young age or large tumor. High volume of CLNM is associated with young age and gross tumor extension, and total thyroidectomy should be indicated in these patient groups.
Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma: An Uncommon Differential of Nasopharyngeal Tumor
Authors: Solaja Taiwo Olufemi , Uche-Okonkwo Kenechukwu Chinemelum , Akinola Moses Ayodele , Nwadiokwu John Ifeanyi
Published: November 2023

Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is an uncommon tumor-like lesion that has been reported within the nose, paranasal sinuses, and less frequently in the nasopharynx. While it is believed to be benign, its clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, and microscopic features may closely mimic more aggressive tumors of the upper respiratory tract, potentially leading to needless life-altering treatment. Prior to now, there had been no reported cases of this lesion in West Africa. We present a 35-year-old male with persistent bilateral nasal obstruction, difficulty with swallowing, and bilateral reduction in hearing, whose CT findings were highly suggestive of a nasopharyngeal tumor, but upon biopsy and histology showed features most consistent with REAH. Surgery completely alleviated his symptoms with no clinical evidence of recurrence after a 1-year follow-up period.
Determinación de la Incorporación de las Mejores Prácticas de Auditoría de Gestión en el Modelo de la Entidad de Fiscalización Superior Colombiana
Authors: Parra Moreno Hastblade
Published: November 2023

En el presente trabajo se compara a partir de la norma ISSAI 3000 “Directrices de Aplicación de la Auditoría del Rendimiento” de la INTOSAI los modelos aplicados por las EFS de Brasil, Chile, Colombia y la Unión Europea para llevar a cabo auditorías de gestión, con el fin de identificar similitudes y diferencias y plantear posibles mejoras en el quehacer de la EFS colombiana.
Necropolítica e memória na pandemia de Covid-19: Análise das iniciativas de justiça e reparação no Brasil
Authors: Arantes Pedro Fiori , Sígolo Vanessa , Ghisleni Pâmela
Published: November 2023

Este artigo explora a formação e funcionamento do que denominamos "necrossistema da pandemia" durante a crise de Covid-19 no Brasil. Discutimos as iniciativas de busca por justiça e reparação, a constituição de um acervo de evidências, de um mapa necropolítico, o levantamento de opinião pública pró-julgamento e, por fim, propomos diretrizes curatoriais para a criação de um Memorial da Pandemia.
Presente e o Passado das Casas do Povo em Portugal: Arquitetura, Comunidade e Memória
Authors: Souza Diego Beja Inglez de , Agarez Ricardo Costa , Pascoal Ana Mehnert , Ribeiro João Cardim
Published: November 2023

Este artigo considera os matizes da materialização concreta da instituição Casa do Povo em Portugal nos últimos 90 anos, através da análise de um conjunto representativo de exemplos e de uma abordagem abrangente às diferentes arquiteturas da Casa, ao seu passado e ao seu destino: testemunhos-chave para a memória de cada comunidade cujos cambiantes são relevantes para o entendimento do país no seu todo.
2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Joglar José A. , Chung Mina K. , Armbruster Anastasia L. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Chyou Janice Y. , Cronin Edmond M. , Deswal Anita , Eckhardt Lee L. , Goldberger Zachary D. , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Gorenek Bulent , Hess Paul L. , Hlatky Mark , Hogan Gail , Ibeh Chinwe , Indik Julia H. , Kido Kazuhiko , Kusumoto Fred , Link Mark S. , Linta Kathleen T. , Marcus Gregory M. , McCarthy Patrick M. , Patel Nimesh , Patton Kristen K. , Perez Marco V. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Russo Andrea M. , Sanders Prashanthan , Streur Megan M. , Thomas Kevin L. , Times Sabrina , Tisdale James E. , Valente Anne Marie , Van Wagoner David R.
Published: November 2023

AIM

The “2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation” provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 12, 2022, to November 3, 2022, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through November 2022, during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee and added to the evidence tables, where appropriate.

STRUCTURE

Atrial fibrillation is the most sustained common arrhythmia, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing in the United States and globally. Recommendations from the “2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation” and the “2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation” have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians. In addition, new recommendations addressing atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk assessment, anticoagulation, left atrial appendage occlusion, atrial fibrillation catheter or surgical ablation, and risk factor modification and atrial fibrillation prevention have been developed.
Kwame Nkrumah’s Intervention in the 1960s Congo Crisis: a Pan-African Geopolitics and Personality Trait
Authors: Nunoo Isaac , Atenka Justice K. , Chipaike Ronald
Published: November 2023

Utilizing archival materials and existing literature, the article examines the contending rationales motivating Nkrumah’s decision to support the UN mission in the Congo during the 1960s political crisis. Existing scholarship, to date, appreciates Nkrumah’s involvement from the perspectives of African camaraderie, anti-imperial mawkishness, and regional leadership. However, beyond these elucidations, the optimal focus should be driven by Pan-Africanism geopolitics, the leadership traits and African political unification agenda of Nkrumah. The paper reveals how the UN mission was perceived by Nkrumah as an avenue to forbid the powers of the bipolar system to interfere with the right of “sovereign self-determination” within the domestic affairs of the Congo. The article’s findings and conclusion posit that the UN operation provided a boulevard of latitude for Nkrumah’s grander pan-African geopolitical ambition coupled with his own leadership traits. The failure of his mission was relative, given the normative value of his pan-African dream.
Effect of miR-200b Liposome Nanoparticles on Chemotherapy Resistance in Rats with Breast Cancer Through Induction of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signal Pathway
Authors: Li Sirui , Li Conghui , Ma Xiaosong , Zhang Xuyang , Zhang Liangyu
Published: November 2023

This study assessed the effect of miR-200b liposome nanoparticles in restraining chemotherapy resistance in rats with breast cancer through induction of epidermal growth factor receptor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EGFR)/extracellular regulated
protein kinases (ERK) signal pathway. 50 rats were divided into 4 sets, which included control set, empty carrier set, miR-200b set, and set of miR-200b packaged with liposome nanoparticles. The liposome nanoparticles were prepared and identified, and drug-resistant breast cancer cells were
observed and identified. The growth inhibition ratio, miR-200b expression, drug-resistance, growth curve, drug resistance of cells, EGFR and ERK protein expressions were observed. miR-200b expression in the et of miR-200b packaged with liposome nanoparticles was highest, second in the miR-200b
set and empty carrier set, and lowest in the control set. The IC50 value in the miR-200b packaged with liposome nanoparticles was highest. The absorbance in the set of miR-200b liposome nanoparticles was lowest. The immunofluorescence (IF) strength of miR-200b in the miR-200b liposome nanoparticles
was highest. The EGFR and ERK protein expressions, and levels of pEGFR and p-ERK in the miR-200b liposome nanoparticles set was highest. In conclusion, chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer cells could be restrained by miR-200b liposome nanoparticles through restraining of the EGFR/ERK
signal pathway.