bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of innovative nanomaterials for bone remains consolidation and effect on 14C dating and on palaeogenetic analysis
Authors: Porpora Francesca , Zaro Valentina , Liccioli Lucia , Modi Alessandra , Meoli Arianna , Marradi Giulia , Barone Serena , Vai Stefania , Dei Luigi , Caramelli David , Fedi Mariaelena , Lari Martina , Carretti Emiliano
Published: April 2022

An innovative protocol for the consolidation of ancient bone remains based on the use of nanometric HydroxyAPatite (HAP) was set up and tested through a multidisciplinary approach. A new protocol for the synthesis of HAP nanoparticles was developed, and the composition of the obtained nanomaterial was investigated through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD); sizes, shape and morphology of the synthesized particles were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The consolidation performance was evaluated by testing the new nanomaterial on degraded ancient bone findings. An increase of the mineral density and of the micro-hardness of the bone were observed. The new consolidation method was also tested to assess possible effects on the palaeogenetic analysis and radiocarbon dating on the treated bones. The consolidation treatment does not introduce any contaminations that could affect radiocarbon dating and has no general detrimental impact on the genetic characterization of the skeletal remains. This consolidation procedure represents a more compatible conservation tool with respect to traditional procedures: it has been shown that the treatment is effective, easily-applicable and compatible with post-consolidation analysis.
Toxicity and biochemical impact of methoxyfenozide/spinetoram mixture on susceptible and methoxyfenozide-selected strains of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Ahmed Fatma S. , Helmy Yasser S. , Helmy Walid S.
Published: April 2022

Methoxyfenozide (M) is one of the selective insecticides used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for lepidopteran pests. However, recent studies reported a development of M-resistance, which prompted us to look for alternatives. Here, we investigate the potency of a mixture of M with spinetoram (Sp) on M-resistant insects. In the laboratory, a selection pressure with M has carried out on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains. A dipping technique was used to evaluate the toxicity of a sublethal concentration of M and Sp. on S. littoralis larvae, and the same concentrations were used to assess the toxic impact of their combination on susceptible (SUS) and M-selected (MS) strains. The toxicity of M/Sp mixtures was computed using a combination index equation, and a potentiation effect was observed in the two tested strains. Synergism tests revealed that piperonyl butoxide had considerable synergistic effects on M toxicity in the MS strain. The results revealed that the M/Sp mixture's negative effect on both monooxygenases and esterases is most likely the cause of its potentiation effect on the SUS and MS strains. It was concluded that M/Sp mixtures are effective against M-resistant S. littoralis strains, so these can be used in IPM programs.
Ultrafast laser ablation, intrinsic threshold, and nanopatterning of monolayer molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Solomon Joel M. , Ahmad Sabeeh Irfan , Dave Arpit , Lu Li-Syuan , HadavandMirzaee Fatemeh , Lin Shih-Chu , Chen Sih-Hua , Luo Chih-Wei , Chang Wen-Hao , Her Tsing-Hua
Published: April 2022

Laser direct writing is an attractive method for patterning 2D materials without contamination. Literature shows that the ultrafast ablation threshold of graphene across substrates varies by an order of magnitude. Some attribute it to the thermal coupling to the substrates, but it remains by and large an open question. For the first time the effect of substrates on the femtosecond ablation of 2D materials is studied using MoS2 as an example. We show unambiguously that femtosecond ablation of MoS2 is an adiabatic process with negligible heat transfer to the substrates. The observed threshold variation is due to the etalon effect which was not identified before for the laser ablation of 2D materials. Subsequently, an intrinsic ablation threshold is proposed as a true threshold parameter for 2D materials. Additionally, we demonstrate for the first time femtosecond laser patterning of monolayer MoS2 with sub-micron resolution and mm/s speed. Moreover, engineered substrates are shown to enhance the ablation efficiency, enabling patterning with low-power ultrafast oscillators. Finally, a zero-thickness approximation is introduced to predict the field enhancement with simple analytical expressions. Our work clarifies the role of substrates on ablation and firmly establishes ultrafast laser ablation as a viable route to pattern 2D materials.
Identification of replication fork-associated proteins in Drosophila embryos and cultured cells using iPOND coupled to quantitative mass spectrometry
Authors: Munden Alexander , Wright Madison T. , Han Dongsheng , Tirgar Reyhaneh , Plate Lars , Nordman Jared T.
Published: April 2022

Replication of the eukaryotic genome requires the formation of thousands of replication forks that must work in concert to accurately replicate the genetic and epigenetic information. Defining replication fork-associated proteins is a key step in understanding how genomes are replicated and repaired in the context of chromatin to maintain genome stability. To identify replication fork-associated proteins, we performed iPOND (Isolation of Proteins on Nascent DNA) coupled to quantitative mass spectrometry in Drosophila embryos and cultured cells. We identified 76 and 278 fork-associated proteins in post-MZT embryos and Drosophila cultured S2 cells, respectively. By performing a targeted screen of a subset of these proteins, we demonstrate that BRWD3, a targeting specificity factor for the DDB1/Cul4 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4), functions at or in close proximity to replication forks to promote fork progression and maintain genome stability. Altogether, our work provides a valuable resource for those interested in DNA replication, repair and chromatin assembly during development.
Radiative pattern of intralayer and interlayer excitons in two-dimensional WS2/WSe2 heterostructure
Authors: Aly Mohammed Adel , Shah Manan , Schneider Lorenz Maximilian , Kang Kyungnam , Koch Martin , Yang Eui-Hyeok , Rahimi-Iman Arash
Published: April 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures (HS) formed by transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers offer a unique platform for the study of intralayer and interlayer excitons as well as moiré-pattern-induced features. Particularly, the dipolar charge-transfer exciton comprising an electron and a hole, which are confined to separate layers of 2D semiconductors and Coulomb-bound across the heterojunction interface, has drawn considerable attention in the research community. On the one hand, it bears significance for optoelectronic devices, e.g. in terms of charge carrier extraction from photovoltaic devices. On the other hand, its spatially indirect nature and correspondingly high longevity among excitons as well as its out-of-plane dipole orientation render it attractive for excitonic Bose–Einstein condensation studies, which address collective coherence effects, and for photonic integration schemes with TMDCs. Here, we demonstrate the interlayer excitons’ out-of-plane dipole orientation through angle-resolved spectroscopy of the HS photoluminescence at cryogenic temperatures, employing a tungsten-based TMDC HS. Within the measurable light cone, the directly-obtained radiation profile of this species clearly resembles that of an in-plane emitter which deviates from that of the intralayer bright excitons as well as the other excitonic HS features recently attributed to artificial superlattices formed by moiré patterns.
Sequential treatment of severe airway stenosis caused by esophageal cancer by using airway stent implantation and arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Xie Pengfei , Wang Shuai , He Wei , Yin Meipan , Li Chunxia , Li Zhen , Li Xiaobing , Ma Yaozhen , Yang Guang , Wu Gang
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of airway stent implantation and transarterial infusion chemotherapy in the sequential treatment of severe airway stenosis caused by esophageal cancer. Data of patients with advanced esophageal cancer complicated by severe airway stenosis treated with airway stent implantation and transarterial infusion chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Furthermore, dyspnea, clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, and survival of patients were evaluated. 71 patients were included in this study. There were 28 patients with grade III dyspnea and 43 patients with grade IV dyspnea before airway stent implantation, and 34 patients with grade I dyspnea, 35 patients with grade II dyspnea and 2 patients with grade III dyspnea after airway stent implantation. After airway stent implantation and 1–3 courses of transarterial infusion chemotherapy, 11, 41 and 19 patients had complete response, partial response and stable response respectively. Total disease control rate (DCR) and objective response rate (ORR) were 100.0% and 73.2%, respectively. During the follow-up, 32 patients died of organ failure, 24 patients died of tumor-related respiratory failure, and 10 patients died of gastrointestinal bleeding. The median survival time of all patients was 8 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 40.8%. Airway stent implantation combined with arterial infusion chemotherapy is safe and effective for sequential treatment of esophageal cancer with severe airway stenosis.
Standard reference values of the upper body posture in healthy male adults aged between 51 and 60 years in Germany
Authors: Ohlendorf Daniela , Krüger Dominik , Christian Wolfgang , Ackermann Hanns , Keil Fee , Oremek Gerhard , Maurer-Grubinger Christian , Groneberg David A.
Published: April 2022

Comparative values are essential for the classification of orthopedic abnormalities and the assessment of a necessary therapy. At present, reference values for the upper body posture for healthy, male adults exist for the age groups of 18–35, 31–40 and 41–50 years. However, corresponding data on the decade of 51 to 60 year-old healthy men are still lacking. 23 parameters of the upper body posture were analyzed in 102 healthy male participants aged 51–60 (55.36 ± 2.78) years. The average height was 180.76 ± 7.81 cm with a weight of 88.22 ± 14.57 kg. The calculated BMI was 26.96 ± 3.92 kg/m2. In the habitual, upright position, the bare upper body was scanned three-dimensionally using video raster stereography. Mean or median values, confidence intervals, tolerance ranges and group comparisons, as well as correlations of BMI and physical activity, were calculated for all parameters. The spinal column parameters exhibited a good exploration of the frontal plane in the habitual standing position. In the sagittal plane, a slight, ventral inclination of the trunk with an increased kyphosis angle of the thoracic spine and increased thoracic bending angle was observed. The parameters of the pelvis showed a pronounced symmetry with deviations from the 0° axis within the measurement error margin of 1 mm/1°. The scapula height together with the scapula angles of the right and left side described a slightly elevated position of the left shoulder compared to the right side. The upper body posture is influenced by parameters of age, height, weight and BMI. Primarily there are significant correlations to measurements of trunk lengths D (age: p ≤ 0.02, rho = -0.23; height: p ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.58; weight: p ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.33), trunk lengths S (age: p ≤ 0.01, rho = -0.27; height: p ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.58; weight: p ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.32), pelvic distance (height: p ≤ 0.01, rho = 0.26; weight: p ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.32; BMI: p ≤ 0.03, rho = 0.22) and scapula distance (weight: p ≤ 0.001, rho = .32; BMI: p ≤ 0.01, rho = 0.27), but also to sagittal parameters of trunk decline (weight: p ≤ 0.001, rho = -0.29; BMI: p ≤ 0.01, rho = -0.24), thoracic bending angle (height: p ≤ 0.01, rho = 0.27) and kyphosis angle (BMI: p ≤ 0.03, rho = 0.21). The upper body posture of healthy men between the ages of 51 and 60 years was axially almost aligned and balanced. With the findings of this investigation and the reference values obtained, suitable comparative values for use in clinical practice and for further scientific studies with the same experimental set-up have been established.
Functional activation of insula and dorsal anterior cingulate for conflict control against larger monetary loss in young adults with subthreshold depression: a preliminary study
Authors: Yun Je-Yeon , Lee Yoonji Irene , Park Susan , Choi Jong Moon , Choi Soo-Hee , Jang Joon Hwan
Published: April 2022

Subthreshold depression (StD) is associated with higher risk of later developing major depressive disorder (MDD). Deficits of goal-directed behaviors regarding the motional, motivational, and conflict control are found in MDD. The current study examined neural underpinning of conflict control against monetary punishment in StD compared to MDD and healthy controls (HC). Seventy-one participants (HC, n = 27; StD, n = 21; MDD, n = 23) in their mid-20’s completed self-reports. Preprocessing of functional magnetic resonance imaging acquired for the Simon task against larger or smaller monetary punishment was conducted using ENIGMA HALFpipe version 1.2.1. Neural correlates of conflict control against monetary punishment that could vary with either diagnosis or PHQ-9 total score were examined using a general linear model of FSL. Simon effect was effective for reaction time and accuracy in every subgroup of diagnosis and regardless of the size of monetary punishment. Conflict control against larger monetary loss was associated with higher functional activation of left insula in StD than HC and MDD. StD showed lower functional activation of left dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) than MDD for conflict control against larger monetary loss. For conflict control against smaller monetary loss, StD demonstrated higher functional activation of left paracentral lobule and right putamen compared to HC. Directed acyclic graphs showed directional associations from suicidal ideation, sadness, and concentration difficulty to functional activation of paracentral lobule, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and thalamus for conflict control against monetary loss. Differential functional activation of insula and dACC for conflict control against larger monetary loss could be a brain phenotype of StD. Item-level depressive symptoms of suicidal ideation, sadness, and concentration difficulty could be reflected in the conflict control-related functional activation of paracentral lobule (against smaller monetary loss), vmPFC and thalamus (against larger monetary loss), respectively.
Protein N-glycosylation aberrations and glycoproteomic network alterations in osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Luo Yi , Wu Ziguang , Chen Song , Luo Huanhuan , Mo Xiaoying , Wang Yao , Tang Jianbang
Published: April 2022

Whether the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) can be solely attributed to the shared risk factors, such as obesity, remains controversial. Several studies have revealed the critical role of abnormal glycosylation in the pathogenesis of OA and T2DM. Therefore, we speculate that T2DM may contribute to the pathogenesis of OA through the intrinsic mechanisms of N-glycosylation aberrations. Using N-glycoproteomics, we compared the changes in N-glycosylated protein abundance in cartilage samples from patients with OA without and with T2DM (DM-OA), and from patients with traumatic joint injury (NC) as controls. We identified 847 N-glycosylation sites corresponding to 729 peptides fragments from 374 proteins. The number of N-glycosylated proteins in the DM-OA group tended to decrease compared with that in the OA and NC groups. We identified 22 upregulated and 1 down-regulated N-glycosylated peptides in the OA group compared to the NC group, while only fibronectin 1 (FN1) at position N1007, cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 (CILP) at N346, and collagen type VI alpha 1 chain (COL6A1) at N804, were also identified in the DM-OA group. Compared to the OA group, the downregulation of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) at N116, collagen type VI alpha 1 chain (COL6A2) at N785, and asporin (ASPN) at N282, and the upregulation of complement component C8 alpha chain (C8α) at N437, were the most remarkable alterations in the DM-OA group. The differentially expressed N-glycosylated proteins between the OA and DM-OA groups were mainly located extracellularly and enriched in the KEGG pathways involving PI3K/Akt signaling, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interaction. Their predicted protein–protein interactions were also depicted. We were thus able to show the general characteristics of N-glycosylation aberrations in OA and DM-OA. Moreover, the upregulated glycosylated complement C8α in the DM-OA group might augment membrane attack complex activity, thereby exacerbating cartilage destruction. Although further confirmation is required, our hypothesis proposes a possible explanation for the deduction that T2DM is an independent risk factor for OA.
Increasing incidence and spatial hotspots of hospitalized endometriosis in France from 2011 to 2017
Authors: Le Moal Joëlle , Goria Sarah , Chesneau Julie , Fauconnier Arnaud , Kvaskoff Marina , De Crouy-Chanel Perrine , Kahn Vanessa , Daraï Emile , Canis Michel
Published: April 2022

Endometriosis is a female hormone-dependent disease, possibly related to endocrine disruptor exposure. We aimed to monitor this disease nationwide in France and analyze spatial trends at a fine scale to explore possible environmental contributing risk factors. We conducted a retrospective national descriptive study from 2011 to 2017 in females aged 10 years old and over, using comprehensive hospital discharge data. Cases were identified using ICD-10 N80 codes and were localized at their municipality of residence. We defined incident cases as the first hospital stay of patients, without a stay in at least the previous 5 years. We performed statistical analyses according to age and type of endometriosis, and we modeled the temporal, spatial and spatiotemporal trends. We identified 207,462 incident cases of all-type hospitalized endometriosis (83,112 for non-adenomyosis cases). The crude incidence rate for the study period was 9.85/10,000 person-years (3.95/10,000 for non-adenomyosis cases). From 2011 to 2017, the risk of all-type endometriosis increased by 8.5% (95% CI: 3.9; 13.4) (by 3.6% (95% CI: 0.6; 6.8) for non-adenomyosis cases). The risk was geographically heterogeneous, with 20 high-risk hotspots, showing similar results for non-adenomyosis cases. Shifting practice patterns, improved awareness and healthcare disparities interlinked with environmental risk factors could explain these trends.
Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of Babesia vogeli in dogs
Authors: Selim Abdelfattah , Megahed Ameer , Ben Said Mourad , Alanazi Abdullah D. , Sayed-Ahmed Mohamed Z.
Published: April 2022

Canine babesiosis is a life-threatening haemoparasitic disease in dogs that is prevalent worldwide. In this study, the prevalence of Babesia vogeli (B. vogeli) was investigated in dogs from Egypt by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay, and associated risk factors were evaluated. In addition, phylogenetic position of B. vogeli Egyptian isolate was determined by sequencing. A total of 275 blood samples were taken from dogs located in four governorates belonging to the north of Egypt. Samples were examined by PCR targeting the B. vogeli 18S rRNA gene and this species was also confirmed by sequencing. Overall, the prevalence of B. vogeli was 5.1% among the studied dogs and the highest prevalence rate was found in the Giza governorate. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate each variable individually. The results revealed a significant association between the prevalence of B. vogeli infection and whether or not dogs were infested with ticks and the type of floor used in dog shelters. Additionally, tick infestation (OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.2–31.4), and living in shelters with soil floors (OR 3.8, 95% CI 0.8–17.8) were identified as potential risk factors for B. vogeli infection. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using B. vogeli 18S rRNA partial sequences with the hypervariable V4 region from GenBank. The Egyptian isolate was assigned to second sub-cluster with B. vogeli isolates from Japan, Venezuela and Paraguay within the B. vogeli/B. canis cluster. The present data will be useful to improve the understanding of canine babesiosis epidemiology and ways to control the disease in companion dogs.
Four-layer ConvNet to facial emotion recognition with minimal epochs and the significance of data diversity
Authors: Debnath Tanoy , Reza Md. Mahfuz , Rahman Anichur , Beheshti Amin , Band Shahab S. , Alinejad-Rokny Hamid
Published: April 2022

Emotion recognition is defined as identifying human emotion and is directly related to different fields such as human–computer interfaces, human emotional processing, irrational analysis, medical diagnostics, data-driven animation, human–robot communication, and many more. This paper proposes a new facial emotional recognition model using a convolutional neural network. Our proposed model, “ConvNet”, detects seven specific emotions from image data including anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, sadness, and surprise. The features extracted by the Local Binary Pattern (LBP), region based Oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB) and Convolutional Neural network (CNN) from facial expressions images were fused to develop the classification model through training by our proposed CNN model (ConvNet). Our method can converge quickly and achieves good performance which the authors can develop a real-time schema that can easily fit the model and sense emotions. Furthermore, this study focuses on the mental or emotional stuff of a man or woman using the behavioral aspects. To complete the training of the CNN network model, we use the FER2013 databases at first, and then apply the generalization techniques to the JAFFE and CK+ datasets respectively in the testing stage to evaluate the performance of the model. In the generalization approach on the JAFFE dataset, we get a 92.05% accuracy, while on the CK+ dataset, we acquire a 98.13% accuracy which achieve the best performance among existing methods. We also test the system’s success by identifying facial expressions in real-time. ConvNet consists of four layers of convolution together with two fully connected layers. The experimental results show that the ConvNet is able to achieve 96% training accuracy which is much better than current existing models. However, when compared to other validation methods, the suggested technique was more accurate. ConvNet also achieved validation accuracy of 91.01% for the FER2013 dataset. We also made all the materials publicly accessible for the research community at:https://github.com/Tanoy004/Emotion-recognition-through-CNN.
Structure-based inhibitor design for reshaping bacterial morphology
Authors: Choi Yuri , Park Ji Su , Kim Jinshil , Min Kyungjin , Mahasenan Kiran , Kim Choon , Yoon Hye-Jin , Lim Sewon , Cheon Dae Hee , Lee Yan , Ryu Sangryeol , Mobashery Shahriar , Kim B. Moon , Lee Hyung Ho
Published: April 2022

The spiral shape of intestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is critical for invasion of intestinal mucosa epithelial cells. Insofar as this cell morphology plays a role in the pathology of C. jejuni infection, its restructuring by pharmacological intervention could be an unexplored means to prevention of infection. We recently described that peptidoglycan hydrolase 3 (Pgp3) is involved in the spiral-shape formation of C. jejuni. We report herein the design and synthesis of the hydroxamate-based inhibitors targeting Pgp3. C. jejuni cells exposed to these inhibitors changed from the helical- to rod-shaped morphology, comparable to the case of the pgp3-deletion mutant. Evidence for the mechanism of action was provided by crystal structures of Pgp3 in complex with inhibitors, shedding light into the binding modes of inhibitors within the active site, supported by kinetics and molecular-dynamics simulations. C. jejuni exposed to these inhibitors underwent the morphological change from helical- to rod-shaped bacteria, an event that reduce the ability for invasion of the host cells. This proof of concept suggests that alteration of morphology affects the interference with the bacterial infection.
Tropane and related alkaloid skeletons via a radical [3+3]-annulation process
Authors: Colson Eloïse , Andrez Julie , Dabbous Ali , Dénès Fabrice , Maurel Vincent , Mouesca Jean-Marie , Renaud Philippe
Published: April 2022

Tropanes and related bicyclic alkaloids are highly attractive compounds possessing a broad biological activity. Here we report a mild and simple protocol for the synthesis of N-arylated 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane and 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives. It provides these valuable bicyclic alkaloid skeletons in good yields and high levels of diastereoselectivity from simple and readily available starting materials using visible-light photoredox catalysis. These bicyclic aniline derivatives are hardly accessible via the classical Robinson tropane synthesis and represent a particularly attractive scaffold for medicinal chemistry. This unprecedented annulation process takes advantage of the unique reactivity of ethyl 2-(acetoxymethyl)acrylate as a 1,3-bis radical acceptor and of cyclic N,N-dialkylanilines as radical 1,3-bis radical donors. The success of this process relies on efficient electron transfer processes and highly selective deprotonation of aminium radical cations leading to the key α-amino radical intermediates.
MYCN mediates cysteine addiction and sensitizes neuroblastoma to ferroptosis
Authors: Alborzinia Hamed , Flórez Andrés F. , Kreth Sina , Brückner Lena M. , Yildiz Umut , Gartlgruber Moritz , Odoni Dorett I. , Poschet Gernot , Garbowicz Karolina , Shao Chunxuan , Klein Corinna , Meier Jasmin , Zeisberger Petra , Nadler-Holly Michal , Ziehm Matthias , Paul Franziska , Burhenne Jürgen , Bell Emma , Shaikhkarami Marjan , Würth Roberto , Stainczyk Sabine A. , Wecht Elisa M. , Kreth Jochen , Büttner Michael , Ishaque Naveed , Schlesner Matthias , Nicke Barbara , Stresemann Carlo , Llamazares-Prada María , Reiling Jan H. , Fischer Matthias , Amit Ido , Selbach Matthias , Herrmann Carl , Wölfl Stefan , Henrich Kai-Oliver , Höfer Thomas , Trumpp Andreas , Westermann Frank
Published: April 2022

Aberrant expression of MYC transcription factor family members predicts poor clinical outcome in many human cancers. Oncogenic MYC profoundly alters metabolism and mediates an antioxidant response to maintain redox balance. Here we show that MYCN induces massive lipid peroxidation on depletion of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis, an oxidative, non-apoptotic and iron-dependent type of cell death. The high cysteine demand of MYCN-amplified childhood neuroblastoma is met by uptake and transsulfuration. When uptake is limited, cysteine usage for protein synthesis is maintained at the expense of GSH triggering ferroptosis and potentially contributing to spontaneous tumor regression in low-risk neuroblastomas. Pharmacological inhibition of both cystine uptake and transsulfuration combined with GPX4 inactivation resulted in tumor remission in an orthotopic MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma model. These findings provide a proof of concept of combining multiple ferroptosis targets as a promising therapeutic strategy for aggressive MYCN-amplified tumors.
Factors influencing hydrogen peroxide versus water inclusion in molecular crystals
Authors: Wiscons Ren A. , Nikhar Rahul , Szalewicz Krzysztof , Matzger Adam J.
Published: April 2022

Crystallographic hydrogen-bonding interaction geometries and energies between water or hydrogen peroxide and small molecules representing six functional group classes were determined to develop strategies towards hydrogen peroxide solvate formation.
Local reaction environment for selective electroreduction of carbon monoxide
Authors: Ma Ming , Deng Wanyu , Xu Aoni , Hochfilzer Degenhart , Qiao Yu , Chan Karen , Chorkendorff Ib , Seger Brian
Published: April 2022

The formation of multi-carbon products in CO or CO2 conversion is significantly influenced by local pH and local CO availability near the catalyst surface.
A self-powered high performance UV-Vis-NIR broadband photodetector based on β-Bi2O3 nanoparticles through defect engineering
Authors: Yang Song , Jiao Shujie , Nie Yiyin , Lu Hongliang , Liu Shuo , Zhao Yue , Gao Shiyong , Wang Dongbo , Wang Jinzhong , Li Yongfeng
Published: April 2022

The detection range of the Bi2O3 photodetector has been broadened to the NIR region through defect engineering.
Cancer drug resistance related microRNAs: recent advances in detection methods
Authors: Hu Xin-Yuan , Song Zhen , Yang Zi-Wei , Li Jia-Jing , Liu Jing , Wang Huai-Song
Published: April 2022

MiRNAs are related to cancer drug resistance through various mechanisms. The advanced detection methods for the miRNAs are reviewed.
A multicolor biosensor for alkaline phosphatase activity detection based on the peroxidase activity of copper nanoclusters and etching of gold nanorods
Authors: Luo Qin , Lin Yisheng , Cai Qihong , Luo Fang , Lin Cuiying , Wang Jian , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu
Published: April 2022

A multicolor biosensor for ALP activity has been developed based on the peroxidase activity of copper nanoclusters and etching of gold nanorods.
Azido-type-selective triazole formation by iridium-catalyzed cycloaddition with thioalkynes
Authors: Sugiyama Kazuya , Sakata Yuki , Niwa Takashi , Yoshida Suguru , Hosoya Takamitsu
Published: April 2022

Iridium-catalyzed azide–thioalkyne cycloaddition was found to be effective for the azido-type-selective reaction of various multiazido compounds, enabling facile synthesis of multitriazole compounds in short steps.
A coarse-grained model of room-temperature ionic liquids between metal electrodes: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Ye Benjamin Bobin , Wang Zhen-Gang
Published: April 2022

Ion–ion correlations and image charge interactions in RTILs at metal interfaces result in a spontaneous surface charge separation, which is not seen with non-metal electrodes, suggesting the importance of the surface metallicity on RTIL EDLCs.
Using core-hole reference states for calculating X-ray photoelectron and emission spectra
Authors: Dreuw Andreas , Fransson Thomas
Published: April 2022

A protocol for removing near-singularities in post-HF calculations of core-ionization energies and X-ray emission spectra is presented, enabling highly reliable calculations of such properties for large molecules and when using large basis sets.
Thermodynamic study of crown ether–lithium/magnesium complexes based on benz-1,4-dioxane and its homologues
Authors: Oral Iklima , Ott Fanny , Abetz Volker
Published: April 2022

The decrease of hydrophobicity within the crown ether ring improves the selectivity of lithium to magnesium.
Effect of feed impurities on catalytic performance of CuFe2O4/β-SiC for SO3 decomposition in the sulfur–iodine cycle
Authors: Tomar Sachin , Upadhyayula Sreedevi
Published: April 2022

CuFe2O4/β-SiC exhibits high activity and stability in the presence of feed impurities in SO3 decomposition reaction. A mathematical model is developed and validated to predict SO3 conversion at different feed compositions and temperatures.
Defect-enhanced selective ion transport in an ionic nanocomposite for efficient energy harvesting from moisture
Authors: Lv Dong , Zheng Shuang , Cao Chunyan , Li Kedi , Ai Liqing , Li Xin , Yang Zhengbao , Xu Zhengtao , Yao Xi
Published: April 2022

Defect-enhanced selective ion transport within a generator made from an ionic liquid film supported by ZIF-8-based membranes enables high-performance moisture energy harvesting.
Anti-obesity effects of Laminaria japonica fucoidan in high-fat diet-fed mice vary with the gut microbiota structure
Authors: Zhang Xueqian , You Ying , Wang LiLong , Ai Chunqing , Huang Linjuan , Wang Songtao , Wang Zhongfu , Song Shuang , Zhu Beiwei
Published: April 2022

The present study amied to investigate the possible discrepancy of anti-obesity effects of fucoidan supplementation in high-fat diet-fed mice models with different gut microbiota communities.
Urolithins: potential biomarkers of gut dysbiosis and disease stage in Parkinson's patients
Authors: Romo-Vaquero María , Fernández-Villalba Emiliano , Gil-Martinez Ana-Luisa , Cuenca-Bermejo Lorena , Espín Juan Carlos , Herrero María Trinidad , Selma María Victoria
Published: April 2022

A gradual increase in urolithin non-producers (UM-0) concomitant with a decrease in urolithin producers (UM-A and UM-B) was observed as the disease severity increased in Parkinson's disease patients.
Protein-coated nanostructured surfaces affect the adhesion of Escherichia coli
Authors: Kallas Pawel , Valen Håkon , Hulander Mats , Gadegaard Nikolaj , Stormonth-Darling John , O'Reilly Padraic , Thiede Bernd , Andersson Martin , Haugen Håvard Jostein
Published: April 2022

Developing new implant surfaces with anti-adhesion bacterial properties used for medical devices remains a challenge.
Nickel nanoparticle-activated MoS2for efficient visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Shi Xinying , Zhang Meng , Wang Xiao , Kistanov Andrey A. , Li Taohai , Cao Wei , Huttula Marko
Published: April 2022

Direct sunlight-induced water splitting for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is the dream for an ultimate clean energy source.
Recent syntheses and biological profiling of quassinoids
Authors: Pazur Ethan J. , Wipf Peter
Published: April 2022

Quassinoids exhibit diverse biological properties and pose synthetically challenging targets. Focusing on accomplishments over the past 15 years, we discuss strategies and tactics of total syntheses as well as SAR and biological functions.
Structural and anionic effects of microcrystalline Zn-CPs on 4-nitrophenol sensing performances
Authors: Lee Hyemin , Kim Min-Yeong , Lee Haeri
Published: April 2022

To investigate structural and anionic effects of coordination polymers (CPs) on electrochemical sensors, Zn-CPs were synthesized and used for 4-nitrophenol oxidation sensors.
Parameter configuration of the electrical spark discharge method for preparing graphene copper nanocomposite colloids and the analysis of product characteristics
Authors: Tseng Kuo-Hsiung , Huang Chang-Hsiang , Ku Hsueh-Chien , Tien Der-Chi , Stobinski Leszek
Published: April 2022

The ESDM is used to prepare graphene copper nanocomposite (GNS-Cu) colloids under normal temperature and pressure.
Sonochemistry in an organocatalytic domino reaction: an expedient multicomponent access to structurally functionalized dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyrans, spiro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyrans, and spiro-indenoquinoxaline-pyranopyrans under ambient conditions
Authors: Borah Biplob , Bora Jahnu , Ramesh Pambala , Chowhan L. Raju
Published: April 2022

Amino-substituted 4,8-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-3-carbonitriles, and spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran]-3-carbonitrile/carboxylate derivatives has been synthesised under ultrasound irradiation in aqueous ethanolic solution at rt.
Li-ion conductivity in Li2OHCl1−xBrx solid electrolytes: grains, grain boundaries and interfaces
Authors: Lee Hyeon Jeong , Darminto Brigita , Narayanan Sudarshan , Diaz-Lopez Maria , Xiao Albert W. , Chart Yvonne , Lee Ji Hoon , Dawson James A. , Pasta Mauro
Published: April 2022

Li2OHCl0.9Br0.1 exhibits the highest Li-ion conductivity in Li2OHCl1−xBrx material system due to the combined effect of its defective structure and reduced grain boundary resistance.
Self-assembly magnetized 3D hierarchical graphite carbon-based heterogeneous yolk–shell nanoboxes with enhanced microwave absorption
Authors: Ma Wenjun , He Peng , Xu Jian , Liu Xiaoyun , Lin Shaoliang , Cui Zhong-Kai , Zuo Peiyuan , Zhuang Qixin
Published: April 2022

Graphite carbon is transformed from thin layers into a 3D hierarchical structure via self-assembly during a specific hydrothermal process. Nano-scale magnetic coupling networks and various forms of losses play active roles in microwave absorption.
Magnetomechanical force: an emerging paradigm for therapeutic applications
Authors: Yao Junlie , Yao Chenyang , Zhang Aoran , Xu Xiawei , Wu Aiguo , Yang Fang
Published: April 2022

Magnetomechanical force for therapeutic applications.
A finite‐time adaptive Taylor series tracking control of electrically‐driven wheeled mobile robots
Authors: Haqshenas M. AmirReza , Fateh Mohammad Mehdi , Ahmadi Seyed Mohammad
Published: April 2022

This research seeks to address a new integrated kinematic/dynamic adaptive Taylor series‐based control design for the robust tracking of electrically‐driven differential drive wheeled mobile robots (WMRs). This control design includes two loops, namely the outer loop (a kinematic control law) and the inner loop (a dynamic controller). Being capable of compensating for far initial conditions from a desired trajectory, a new kinematic control law is designed to make the posture tracking error converge to zero asymptotically as well as to generate a desired trajectory for a dynamic controller. The key role of the dynamic controller is to compensate for lumped uncertainties. To do this, the proposed chattering‐free dynamic controller guarantees that the defined sliding surface which is a function of tracking error and its time derivative will be converged to zero within a finite time. The exact stability analysis of inner closed‐loop system is developed via two Lyapunov‐like positive definite functions to ensure not only the boundedness of all signals but also the finite‐time convergence of sliding surface to zero. The proposed control algorithm is validated by means of various simulations, including comparisons with well‐designed kinematic and integrated kinematic/dynamic control literature.
A switched‐capacitor‐assisted wireless power transfer system with regulating TX power and fast global loop
Authors: Huang Chenyu , Lu Yan , Zhan Chenchang , Martins Rui P.
Published: April 2022

Wireless power transfer systems demand a regulating transmitter (TX) for global loop control and also a regulating receiver (RX) for its local loop. This design broadens the TX output power range, by merging a switched capacitor (SC) circuit with only 3 switches and 1 flying capacitor to boost the output power of the Class‐D power amplifier. In addition, the transmitting power can be regulated by the duty ratio of the SC, improving the end‐to‐end power transfer efficiency under different load conditions. Moreover, the system obtains fast load transient response, with the help of a light‐to‐heavy load transient enhancement scheme in the TX and the hysteretic control in the RX. Designed in a 0.18‐μm BCD process, this work achieves 3.1 W maximum RX output power, 67.6% peak total efficiency, and 50 μs response time during the light‐to‐heavy load transient simulation.
Grid integration and fault ride‐through of fractional frequency offshore wind power system based on Y‐connected modular multilevel converter
Authors: Meng Yongqing , Wu Kang , Jia Feng , Yan Shuhao , Yang Yong , Wang Xiuli
Published: April 2022

Fractional frequency transmission is a promising solution to offshore wind power integration. This paper proposes a new grid integration scheme of fractional frequency offshore wind power system (FFOWPS) based on Y‐connected modular multilevel converter (Y‐MMC). To get better power quality, a novel Y‐MMC modelling and control method considering frequency leakage is presented. Besides, in order to achieve satisfactory fault ride‐through (FRT) performance for FFOWPS, this paper proposes a novel FRT strategy. The strategy makes use of the onshore grid voltage and offshore grid frequency droop control to coordinately control the power of Y‐MMC and wind turbines. This strategy achieves power balance on both sides of Y‐MMC through coordinated control, thereby suppressing the increase of DC capacitor voltage during faults. It is also able to support the grid by injecting reactive power during voltage sags. Additionally, a new pitch angle control algorithm is designed to keep the balance between input mechanical power and output active power of wind turbines during FRT, avoiding the rapid rise of rotor speed. The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate good performance of FFOWPS during wind speed variations and validate the effectiveness of the proposed frequency leakage suppression strategy and FRT strategy.
Power factor correction stage and matrix zero voltage switching resonant inverter for domestic induction heating appliances
Authors: Pérez‐Tarragona Mario , Sarnago Héctor , Lucía Óscar , Burdío José M.
Published: April 2022

The technology of flexible cooking surfaces applied to domestic induction heating (IH) appliances offers several advantages that improve the experience of the users, not only because the safety or cleanness, but also due to the fast heating and flexibility. These cooktops have more challenging design requirements because of different mains connections, efficiency requirements, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards, control complexity, and cost. In previous works, the use of a front‐end power factor corrector (PFC) rectifier has been proposed to overcome these restrictions. In order to get a cost‐effective implementation, this paper proposes the use of a front‐end PFC stage and a matrix resonant inverter, which features zero voltage switching (ZVS), to achieve a reduced number of power devices, and get a high performance and reduced power losses in the converter. Finally, an experimental prototype with four outputs of 3.6 kW has been implemented to prove the feasibility of this proposal.
An adaptive virtual impedance fault current limiter for optimal protection coordination of islanded microgrids
Authors: Sati Talal Elemamali , Azzouz Maher A.
Published: April 2022

Fault currents of inverter‐interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) depend on inverter controllers. Thus, IIDGs fault currents are different than those of synchronous‐based DGs, both from the magnitude and waveshape perspectives. In the event of short‐circuit faults, droop‐based IIDGs switch between a voltage source and a current source, which increases the complexity and non‐linearity of short‐circuit current calculation (SCC). This paper proposes a new SCC algorithm that incorporates virtual impedance‐fault current limiters (VI‐FCLs) to enable modelling droop‐based IIDGs as a voltage source behind an impedance. The VI‐FCL was implemented as an additional control loop in the inverter control scheme to limit IIDG fault currents and achieve optimal protection coordination (OPC). Further, the VI‐FCL is adaptively adjusted to enhance overcurrent protection sensitivity. A two‐stage OPC algorithm for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is developed. In Stage I, an optimal value for the adaptive VI‐FCLs and relay currents are calculated. Stage II aims at obtaining optimal DOCRs settings. Time‐domain simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive VI‐FCL and the accuracy of the proposed SCC algorithm. The proposed SCC algorithm and the OPC program are successfully validated using an islanded microgrid that is part of a Canadian distribution system.
The XXL Survey
Authors: Crossett J. P. , McGee S. L. , Ponman T. J. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Brown M. J. I. , Maughan B. J. , Robotham A. S. G. , Willis J. P. , Wood C. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Brough S. , Driver S. P. , Holwerda B. W. , Hopkins A. M. , Loveday J. , Owers M. S. , Phillipps S. , Pierre M. , Pimbblet K. A.
Published: April 2022

Why are some galaxy groups pervaded by a hot X-ray emitting intracluster medium, whilst others have no detectable X-ray emission? Is the presence of hot gas a reliable indicator of dynamical maturity, and can some virialised groups contain little or none of it? What are the main differences between samples of groups selected in the X-ray and optical bands? We address these questions by studying 232 optical spectroscopically selected groups from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey that overlap the XXL X-ray cluster survey. X-ray aperture flux measurements combined with GAMA group data provides the largest available sample of optical groups with detailed galaxy membership information and consistently measured X-ray fluxes and upper limits. A sample of 142 of these groups is divided into three subsets based on the relative strength of X-ray and optical emission, and we see a trend in galaxy properties between these subsets: X-ray overluminous groups contain a lower fraction of both blue and star forming galaxies compared with X-ray underluminous systems. X-ray overluminous groups also have a more dominant central galaxy, with a magnitude gap between first and second ranked galaxies on average 0.22 mag larger than in underluminous groups. Moreover, the central galaxy in overluminous groups lies closer to the luminosity-weighted centre of the group. We examine a number of other structural properties of our groups, such as axis ratio, velocity dispersion, and group crossing time, and find evidence of trends with X-ray emission in some of these properties despite the high stochastic noise arising from the limited number of group galaxies. We attribute the trends we see primarily to the evolutionary state of groups, with X-ray overluminous systems being more dynamically evolved than underluminous groups. The X-ray overluminous groups have had more time to develop a luminous intragroup medium, quench member galaxies, and build the mass of the central galaxy through mergers compared to underluminous groups. However, an interesting minority of X-ray underluminous groups have properties that suggest them to be dynamically mature. We find that the lack of hot gas in these systems cannot be accounted for by high star formation efficiency, suggesting that high gas entropy resulting from feedback is the likely cause of their weak X-ray emission.
Sensory Properties and antioxidant activity ofChrysanthemumFlower tea bags with lemon peels and mint leaves
Authors: Imas Faidoh Fatimah Ai , Ristianingrum Anita , Lidya Leni
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on many business sectors including the cut-flower of Chrysanthemum. Sales of cut-flowers have decreased and the farmer suffering huge losses. It is necessary to develop a Chrysanthemum product to increase its economic value. This study aims to determine the sensory properties and antioxidant activity of Chrysanthemum tea in bags with the addition of lemon peels and mint leaves. The treatments in this research consisted of 6 formulations of Chrysanthemum: lemon peels: and mint leaves; FI (80%: 0%: 0%); F2 (80%: 20%: 0%); F3 (80%: 0%: 20%); F4 (80%: 10%: 0%); F5 (80%: 0%: 10%) and F6 (80%: 0%: 0%). Sensory properties were determined by hedonic tests (color, aroma, and taste of tea brewed water) with 30 panelists. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method and polyphenol content by the spectrophotometric method. The results of the hedonic test showed that F2 was the most preferred on the color and aroma parameters, while F2 and F4 had the same average value for the taste parameter. The highest antioxidant activity value was F2 with an IC50value was 134,38 ppm and polyphenol content was 81.42 ppm.
Utilization of Cheesy Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Sw. Embutido
Authors: Mosura Noeme C , Esbieto Rosevic M
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to utilize Jackfruit into Cheesy Embutido. This research was conducted to determine the level of consumer's acceptability of Jackfruit Cheesy Embutido. Embutido is a Filipino-style meatloaf made with a festive mixture of any type of meat, carrots, and raisins wrapped around slices of eggs, cheese, and sausage. A set of steps were conducted in this research, such as experimentation, evaluation, and data gathering and analysis. Results revealed that there was no significant difference in the level of acceptability of the jackfruit Embutido as to appearance (μ=405, p=0.375), Aroma (μ=405, p=0.370), Texture (μ=350, p=0.122), Taste (μ=338, p=0.089) and General Acceptability (μ=395.50, p=0.386).