bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hatch Spacing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SA508 Gr.3 Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Huang Yuanjiu , Ryu Ho Jin , Lee Kee-Ahn
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effect of the hatch spacing parameter on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SA508 Gr.3 steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) for a nuclear pressure vessel. Materials were prepared with varying hatch spacing (0.04 mm [H4] and 0.06 mm [H6]). The H4 exhibited finer and more uniformly distributed grains, while the H6 showed less porosity and a lower defect fraction. The yield strength of the H4 material was higher than that of the H6 material, but there was a smaller difference between the materials in tensile strength. The measured elongation was 5.65% for the H4 material and 10.41% for the H6 material, showing a significantly higher value for H6. An explanation for this is that although the H4 material had a microstructure of small and uniform grains, it contained larger and more numerous pore defects than the H6 material, facilitating stress concentration and the initiation of microcracks.
Вокруг теорем Штрассена
Authors: Kusraev Anatolii Georgievich , Kutateladze Semen Samsonovich
Published: February 2025

Две хорошо известные теоремы Штрассена - о дезинтегрировании и о существовании вероятностной меры с заданными следами - распространяются на случай операторов в пространствах Канторовича. Указаны также связи теорем Штрассена с задачей Монжа-Канторовича и теорией Шоке. Приводится краткий обзор необходимого инструментария: теорема Хана-Банаха-Канторовича, внутренняя характеризация субдифференциалов, теорема Радона-Никодима для положительных операторов, измеримые банаховы расслоения с лифтингом, конструкция магарамова расширения, тензорное произведение векторных решеток.
Библиография: 68 названий.
Сверхгладкие тайловые $\mathrm B$-сплайны
Authors: Zaitseva Tatyana Ivanovna
Published: February 2025

Тайлом называется самоподобный компакт в $\mathbb R^n$, целые сдвиги которого образуют разбиение пространства.
Тайловым $\mathrm B$-сплайном называется автосвертка характеристической функции тайла, по аналогии с кардинальным $\mathrm B$-сплайном, который является автосверткой отрезка. Известно, что несмотря на "фрактальность" носителя тайловые $\mathrm B$-сплайны могут быть сверхгладкими, т.е. их гладкость превышает гладкость классических $\mathrm B$-сплайнов тех же порядков. Мы вычисляем гладкость тайловых $\mathrm B$-сплайнов в $W_2^k(\mathbb R^n)$, применяя недавно разработанный метод, использующий оценки типа Литтлвуда-Пэли для решений масштабирующих уравнений. В статье данный метод адаптирован для тайловых $\mathrm B$-сплайнов, что позволило найти 20 семейств, обладающих свойством сверхгладкости. Выдвинута гипотеза о полноте данной классификации при малом количестве цифр, что подтверждается численными результатами.
Библиография: 51 название.
Теория Гамильтона-Якоби для негладких задач вариационного исчисления
Authors: Ioffe Alexander Davidovich
Published: February 2025

Рассматривается классическая задача Больца, но при существенно более общих предположениях, налагаемых на подинтегральную функцию и внеинтегральный функционал. Основные результаты: условия полунепрерывности функции действия, характеризация субдифференциала функции действия и частичное обращение последнего результата.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Intracellular calcium channels: Potential targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Zhu Jia-Xuan , Pan Zhao-Nan , Li Dan
Published: February 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder. Despite the availability of numerous pharmacotherapies, a range of adverse reactions, including hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal discomfort, and lactic acidosis, limits their patient applicability and long-term application. Therefore, it is necessary to screen novel therapeutic drugs for T2DM treatment that have high efficacy but few adverse effects. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stands out as one of the most powerful targets for T2DM treatment. It can be activated through energy-sensing or calcium signaling. Medications that activate AMPK through the energy-sensing mechanism exhibit remarkable potency, but they are accompanied by lactic acidosis, carrying an alarmingly high mortality rate. Interestingly, medications that activate AMPK through calcium signaling, such as gliclazide, seldom induce lactic acidosis. However, the efficacy of gliclazide is much lower than metformin. Therefore, it is necessary to explore targets that activate AMPK via calcium signaling to avoid lactic acidosis while maintaining high potency. Ion channels are the main controller of intracellular calcium flow. Specific agonists and inhibitors targeting ion channels have been reported to activate AMPK. In this review, we will summarize the structure and function of calcium-permeable ion channels and discuss the potential of targeting these calcium channels for T2DM treatment.
Ewolucja „Wiadomości” TVP w latach 2015–2023
Authors: Klepka Rafał , Kułaga Wojciech , Maguś Wojciech
Published: February 2025

Media publiczne w Polsce od początku swojej działalności były krytykowane – przez polityków, ekspertów, czasem także widzów. Głównym zarzutem, stawianym zwłaszcza programom informacyjnym Telewizji Polskiej, była stronniczość i uległość wobec ekipy aktualnie sprawującej władzę. Zmiany, jakie zaszły w TVP i Polskim Radiu po przejęciu władzy przez Prawo i Sprawiedliwość oraz jej koalicjantów po 2015 roku, stanowiły jednak zupełnie nowy etap w procesie zawłaszczania i instrumentalnego wykorzystywania mediów publicznych.
The Level of Executive Functioning Skills and Sensory Disorders for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: AlAkayleh Mahmoud Mesbah Namini , El-Zraigat Ibrahim Abdallah
Published: February 2025

The current study aimed to assess the level of executive functioning skills and sensory disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder in the United Arab Emirates. The sample included 103 cases of children with autism spectrum disorder (69 males and 34 females) enrolled in public and private special education centers in the United Arab Emirates. To achieve the aim of the study, the researchers constructed a scale of executive functional skills and a scale of sensory disorders. The validity and reliability of the two scales were verified. In order to answer the questions of the study, the descriptive survey methodology was used, and the means, standard deviations, and multiple two-way analysis of variance were used to process the data and reach the results. The results indicated that children with autism spectrum disorder showed low levels of executive functioning skills and moderate levels of sensory disorders. It also indicated that there was an effect of the severity of autism spectrum disorder and that there was no effect of the gender variable. The study recommended that the results of assessing executive functioning skills and sensory disorders should be included in the treatment programs.
Work Stress of Public Primary School Teachers at Jerash Governorate and its ‎Relationship to their Professional Roles
Authors: Harahsheh Eman Ibrahim"Mohammad Ali" , Elimat Saleh Nasser , Abu Dalbouh Musa Abdel Karim
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to reveal the work stresses of public basic school teachers in ‎Jerash Governorate and its relationship to their professional roles. The researcher used the descriptive correlational Methodology. For collecting data, the researcher developed a questionnaire after detecting the validity and reliability. The sample of the study is‎consisted of (467) public principals and teachers schools, The results showed that the level of work stress ‎and professional roles among public basic school teachers in Jerash Governorate came to ‎a large degree, and there was a positive correlation with statistical significance between ‎the estimates of the study sample on the items of the work stress scale combined.  And ‎their estimates on the items of the scale of professional roles taken together. In light ‎of the results, the study recommended reducing work stress on basic school teachers ‎through the appointment of trained teaching and administrative cadres that contribute ‎to carry out the tasks and responsibilities entrusted to them.
The Practicing Degree of Gifted School Principals for Transformational Leadership within the Green -Line and its Relationship with Job Creativity among Teachers
Authors: Abu Elhija Najwa Fathi , Ashour Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to identify the degree of the practicing transformational leadership by principals of gifted schools within the Green Line and its relationship to job creativity among teachers. The descriptive correlational methodology was used, and the questionnaire was a tool for collecting data after ensuring its validity and reliability, as it was applied to a simple accessible sample consisting of (300) principals and teachers.  The results of the study showed that the degree of practicing transformational leadership by principals of gifted schools within the Green Line was high.  It was found that means of the level of job creativity among teachers of gifted schools within the Green Line from the point of view of principals and teachers were very high, and the results showed that there was a positive correlation and moderate, and statistically significant at the level of (α = 0.05) between the degree of practicing transformational leadership by principals of gifted schools within the Green line, and to the level of job creativity among teachers.
Proposed Standards for the Development of the National and Civic Education Curriculum for the Basic Stage in Light of the Outputs of the Political Reform Committee in the Field of Education and Political Upbringing in Jordan
Authors: Alhunaity Manar salah kalaf , Al-Dolat Adnan Salem Falah
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to propose standards for the national and civic education curriculum for the basic educational stage in light of the outputs of the Political Reform Committee in Jordan in the field of education and political upbringing. The first is to present the list to the members of the Jordanian national team, to supervise the national and civic education curriculum, while the second source is to present the list to the authors of the Jordanian curricula, experts and specialized university professors.  as an indicator, and in light of the results the study recommended, the necessity of adopting the proposed standards and their indicators to be one of the reference documents for the development and enrichment of the detective documents in order to ensure the integration of the outputs of the Political Reform Committee in the field of political education and upbringing with its various dimensions in the Jordanian curricula.
Time Management among Primary School Principals within the Green Line in Light of some Variables
Authors: Qaderieh Taghreed Mohammed , Salameh Kayed Mohammed
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to identify the level of time management among primary school principals within the green line in light of (gender, academic qualification, experience, and job title) variables. The descriptive survey methodology was used. The sample consisted of (284) individuals who were selected by the available method. To collect data, the researchers developed a questionnaire that consisted of four domains: (Time planning, time organizing, time directing, and time monitoring). The results showed that the level of time management in its four domains was medium and the absence of statistically significant differences because of (gender, academic qualification, experience, and job title) variables. The study recommended conducting training courses for principals and teachers to introduce them to the importance of time management within the school, and to give principals wider margin of freedom in planning time in their schools.
The Predictive Ability of Cultural Intelligence and Psychological Hardiness in Academic Adjustment among University Students within the Green Line
Authors: Abd Elgani Firyal Mohammad , Alrabie Faysal Khalil
Published: February 2025

The current study aimed to reveal the predictive ability of cultural intelligence and psychological hardiness in the academic adaptation of university students within the Green Line. The sample consisted of 500 university students within the Green Line. The results of the study indicated a high level of cultural intelligence, psychological hardiness and academic adjustment among university students within the Green Line. The results also revealed a statistically significant contribution at the significance level (α=.05) of psychological hardiness in predicting academic adjustments, and it is noted that the Psychological hardness has interpreted 52.1% of the percentage of variance in academic adjustment, that is, psychological hardness has an important and basic role in predicting academic adjustment. As for the cultural intelligence variable, it does not contribute significantly to predicting academic adaptation.
The Degree to which Teachers Exercise Leadership Roles and their Relationship to Institutional Excellence in Schools within the Green Line
Authors: Majdalawy Haneen S. , Attari Aref Tawfiq
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to identify the degree to which teachers practice leadership roles and their relationship to institutional excellence in schools within the Green Line from the viewpoint of teacher leaders. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive correlationalmethodology was used, by administering two quantitative scales (the scale of leadership roles for teachers and the scale of institutional excellence) to a stratified random sample consisted of (397) male and female teacher leaders. The results of the study showed that participants’ estimates of both the degree to which teachers practice leadership roles and institutional excellence came with a high degree. The results also showed the existence of a positive correlation between the degree of teachers’ practice of leadership roles in schools within the Green Line and achieving institutional excellence from the participants’ point of view. The researchers recommended emphasizing teachers’ leadership roles and continuous training for those in charge of the educational process, including principals and teachers, in order to raise their leadership competencies.
The Effect of a Training Program Based on Executive Functions in Self-Efficacy and Academic Procrastination among Tenth Grade Students with Low Academic Achievement
Authors: Ghanayim Mohammad Ibrahim , Sawalhah Mohammad Ahmad , Sadi Imad Tawfiq
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program based on executive functions on self-efficacy and academic procrastination among tenth-grade students with low academic achievement. Tenth grade students who have a grade point average low (65%), then they were divided equally into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. The results of the study indicated that there was a statistically significant effect on the means of students’ scores on the scale of self-efficacy and academic procrastination scale, due to the training program for executive functions, where this program helped to improve self-efficacy and reduce self-efficacy of academic procrastination among tenth grade students with low academic achievement. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences on the self-efficacy scale due to the effect of gender in favor of females, while the results did not show any statistically significant differences for the gender variable on the academic procrastination scale.
Strategies of Organizational Conflict Management among Secondary School Principals in the North Region within the Green Line in light of some Variables
Authors: Khalayleh Abeer Shareef , Al-Shurman Muneerah Mahmoud
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to identify the level of organizational conflict management strategies among secondary school principals in the North region within the Green Line considering some variables. The survey descriptive methodology was used, and a questionnaire consisting of four domains (settlement, cooperation, dominance, and avoidance) was developed for collecting data, as it was applied to an available sample of (266) principals and teachers. The results showed that the level of application of organizational conflict management strategies was medium in all its domains, The existence of statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) due to Gender variable in favor of males and Academic qualification variable in favor of "Bachelor’s or less" holders, and there were no statistically significant differences due to the variables of experience, and job title. The study recommended encouraging principals to ensure a conflict-free school environment and conducting training courses for principals on conflict management strategies within schools.
The Effect of a Training Program Based on the Constructivist Theory of the robot (EV3) on Achievement in Science among Eighth Grade Male Students in Jordan
Authors: Al-Hanaqata Maryam Abdul Rahim
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a training program based on the Constructivist theory of the robot (EV3) on the achievement in science among eighth grade male students in Jordan. To achieve this goal, the researcher had used semi_ experimental design, the study sample consisted of (49) students who were intentionally chosen from Al-Kindi primary male school at Marka in Amman. The sample was divided into two groups randomly. An experimental group consisted of (20) students studied the genetics unit after being exposed to the Robot training program (EV3), the control group consisted of (19) students studied the unit of Genetics by traditional way. In order to study the effect of this program, the researcher has prepared the study tools in achievement. An exam which consisted of 25 multiple choice questions. The study tools were applied before and after the trial on both groups after ensuring their validity and reliability by scientific and statistical tools. The results indicated no statistical differences on achievement results between the two groups.The studies recommended that it’s important to conduct more studies about the efficiency of this program (EV3) and its effect on achievement for different stages.
The Degree to which Primary School Principals within the Green Line Practice the Principles of Administrative Empowerment for teachers
Authors: Sa’eed Fedaa Mowaffaq , Al-Shurman Muneera Mahmoud
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to identify the degree to which primary school principals within The Green Line practice the principles of administrative empowerment for teachers, as well as the effect of the intermediate variables (gender, experience, academic qualification, and job title) on the responses of the study sample. The study used the descriptive survey methodology. The questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection, as it included four domains: authorization, professional growth, motivation, and work teams. The questionnaire was applied to an accessible sample consisting of (367) principals and teachers, after verifying its validity and reliability. The results showed that the degree of practicing administrative empowerment and its four domains was high, and the absence of statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) considering the effect of the intermediate variables. The study recommended that principals preserve the high level of administrative empowerment of their teachers, and to delegate them greater decision-making powers.
Organizational Conflict Management Strategies Used by Superintendents of Education in Jordan and their Relationship to Some Variables
Authors: Jbara Haneen Abdelfattah Mohammad , Al-Soud Rateb Salameh
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to determine the organizational conflict management strategies used by superintendents of education in Jordan from the point of view of department heads working with them and their relation to some variables. The study sample, which used the descriptive survey methodology consisted of (233) department heads in the directorates of education in Jordan, which were selected by the random method. A questionnaire consisting of (30) items covering (5) major domains was distributed to them. The results of the study indicated that the organizational conflict management strategies used by superintendents of education in Jordan from the point of view of the heads of departments working with them came to a medium degree, and there were no significant differences in the total degree of the degree to which superintendents of education in Jordan practice conflict management strategies from the point of view of the heads of departments in their directorates attributed to the variables of gender, educational qualification, and administrative experience. Based on the results, the researchers recommended that superintendents of education keep pace with the developments of the age to use the optimal strategy according to the situation to adapt to these developments.
Training Needs Headsof offices in the colleges, Centers, and Departments of the University of Jordan
Authors: Orabi Samira Mohammad , Alnaser Ayah Tariq , Al-khrissat Fatima Marouf
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to identify the training needs for heads of offices in the coolleges centers, and departments of the University of Jordan from their point of view. The study tool consisted of (27) items distributed over three axes for each axis (9) items representing the necessary skills that the heads of the offices must possess. It was also found that there were no differences due to the variable of work in determining the training needs of the heads of offices, and it was found that the more years of experience of the heads of offices increased, the new training needs for them increased in the field of technical and technical skills, and that the academic qualification played an important role in determining the training needs of the heads of clerks in the field of Knowledge and information, and the study recommended the necessity of conducting appropriate training programs for the heads of pharmacies based on their training needs.
The Degree of Practicing Leadership Skills among School Principals within the Green Line in light of Some Variables
Authors: Agbaria A’ayed Mohammad , Bani Hani Mohammad Saleh
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to identify the degree to which principals of middle and secondary schools within the Green Line practice leadership skills. The descriptive survey methodology was used, and for data collection, a questionnaire that consisted of five domalns: technical skills, administrative skills, intellectual skills, human skills, and self-skills was used, as it was applied to an available sample of (365) principals and teachers. The results showed that the degree of practicing leadership skills among middle and secondary school principals within the green line was high, the existence of statistically significant differences due to the school level variable in favor of secondary schools, and the absence of statistically significant differences attributed to the variables of gender, job title, and experience.
The Effect of Educational Games on Developing Social Skills among Third Grade Students in Jordan
Authors: Alharasees Sawsan Tawfiq
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to reveal the effect of educational games on the development of social skills among basic third grade students. The study depended on the seme-experimental design, and the study sample consisted of (63) basic third grade students from Philadelphia school which followed to Amman education directorate were they divided into experimental and control group. The social skills observe card was used, and the experimental group students were taught using educational games in the Arabic language. The results revealed an effect of using educational games in developing social skills among basic third grade students.
The Predictive Ability of Academic Passion and Academic Buoyancy in Academic Adjustment among Yarmouk University Students
Authors: Khwaldeh Eman Mustafa , Al Rabee Faisal Khalil
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to reveal the predictive ability of academic passion and academic buoyancy in academic adjustment, and to reveal the level of academic passion, academic buoyancy and academic adjustment among Yarmouk University students. The study sample consisted of (583) students from Yarmouk University during the first semester 2021/2022 Choose them in the available way.
Researchers used the academic passion scale prepared by (Vallerand et al., 2003) translating by Al-Hosban (2021), and Piosang Academic buoyancy Scale (Piosang, 2016), which was translated by the researchers, and Alqdah academic adjustment scale (2020) after adjusting it to suit the study sample.
The results showed that the level of academic passion, academic buoyancy and academic adjustment was moderate, and academic passion and academic buoyancy have the ability to predict the level of academic adjustment, as (54.60%) of the variance in academic adaptation can be explained by the variation in (academic craving and academic advancement). The variable (academic passion) ranked first with a percentage of (45.80%), followed by (academic buoyancy) with (8.30%), followed by (harmonious craving) with (0.50%) of the overall explained variance of the predictive model.
The Organizational Trust of Superintendents in Jordan as Perceived by their Administrative Staff
Authors: Al-Dahshan Ibtisam Saleh , Al-Saud Rateb Salama
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to identify the degree of organizational trust of superintendents in Jordan as perceived by their administrative staff. The study sample consisted of (270) administrative employess. The results of the study showed that the degree of organizational trust among the superintendents in Jordan was high from the point of view of the administrative working with them, and that there were statistically significant differences at the level (α= 0.05) in the degree of organizational trust among superintendents in Jordan due to the variable of experience and in favor of their experience was (10 years or more), and there were no statistically significant differences at the leve (α=0.05) due to the variables of gender and educational qualification. In light of the results of the study, the researchers recommended that educational institutions in the public sector should focus on all elements related to organizational trust in those institutions.
The Causes of Reading and Writing Weakness among the Students of the First Three Grades in Southern Shouneh District and the Ways of Addressing them from their Female Teachers Point of View
Authors: Abu_Al-Ghanem Ettaf Salem Mustafa
Published: February 2025

The study aimed at identifing the causes of reading and writing weakness among the students of the first three grades in Southern Shouneh District and the ways of addressing them from the female teachers’ point of view. The study used the descriptive survey approach. The study population consisted of all teachers of the first three grades, (130) teachers. The sample was a stratified random sample consisted of (102) teachers. A 36-item with four dimensions questionnaire was developed: causes related to the teacher, causes related to the student, causes related to the school administration, and causes related to the family.
The findings of the study showed that the degree of the teachers’ appreciation of the reasons of reading and writing weakness was medium for all the reasons. The results also revealed a significant differences in the variable of the educational qualification in favor of graduate studies, and no significant differences in  years of experience variable for all dimensios, the researcher developed the ways to address weakness from the teachers’ point of view, and the most important: reducing the number of students per class to no more (20) students, cooperating with educational supervisors to hold workshops and training  programs that teach teachers the correct methods for diagnosing students’ reading and writing weakness, and to raise awareness of the national strategy for developing reading skills in the Arabic language.
The Degree of Application of Digital Management among the Principals of the Schools of the Directorate of Education of Al-Mafraq Kasbah and its Relationship to some Variables
Authors: Alawneh Ahed Mousa , Al-Harahsheh Mohammad Aboud , Amoush Mae Ali
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to identify the degree of application of digital management by school principals of the Directorate of Education for Al-Mafraq district from the teachers' point of view, and to find out the impact of each variable of gender, academic qualification and years of service on the responses of the sample members. The researchers followed the descriptive survey methodology, using a tool consisting of (24) items. . Its validity and reliability were verified, and the study sample consisted of (365) male and female teachers who were chosen by the simple random method. The study reached the following results: The degree of application of digital management among school principals of the Directorate of Education for Al Mafraq district from the teachers' point of view was medium, and the fields were ranked in descending order (human resource management, vision, administrative empowerment, and technical environment) and all their fields came in a degree of application Medium. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to gender, educational qualification and years of service.
A Contrastive Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns in Algerian and Jordanian students’ Facebook Status Updates
Authors: Saadi Noria Mohammed
Published: February 2025

This research paper analyzed the speech acts used by Algerian and Jordanian students in updating their Facebook status. By analyzing 492 Facebook updates, the present study aims to explore the types of speech acts used in status updates on Algerian and Jordanian Facebook. Moreover, it aims to identify the communicative functions of these speech acts and to investigate whether gender affects the use of speech acts. For this purpose, the status updates were analyzed through Searle’s Speech Act framework (1969). The findings revealed that Algerian and Jordanian students use seven speech acts; directives, assertives, commissives, expressives, declaratives, quotations and poetic verses. In addition, it was found that the speech acts of Algerian and Jordanian students communicate 16 functions; they are: informing, reporting, predicting, commanding, requesting, inviting, asking, wish, congratulating, greeting, thanking, condoling, warning, complaining, and expressing joy and pain.
The Ability of Well-being and Social Support Factors to Predict Psychological Resilience among Families of Children with Disabilities
Authors: Al-Atawi Doaa Muhammad Salama , Smadi Jamil Mahmoud
Published: February 2025

The current study aimed to investigate the ability of well-being and social support factors to predict psychological resilience among families of children with disabilities. The sample consisted of (150) families of children with disabilities in Amman and Zarqa, who were chosen randomly. To achieve the objectives of the study, scales of psychological immunity, scale of social support, and scale of psychological well-being were built, and the psychometric properties of the scales were ascertained. The results showed that the general mean of the overall score for the psychological resilience scale, the social support scale and the psychological well-being scale was at an average level. The results also indicated that the feeling of well-being explains 40.5% of the variance in psychological immunity, and that social support explains 1.3% of the variance in psychological immunity. The researcher recommended conducting more studies that examine the relationship of social support and psychological well-being to predict the psychological resilience of specific categories of disability.
Inner Speech and Emotional Regulation as predictors of Executive Functions among Adolescents in Jordan
Authors: Al-Sous Rawan Sultan Mosleh , Ahmad Ikhlas Mahmoud
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to reveal inner speech and emotional regulation as predictors of executive functions among adolescent students in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.The research sample consisted of (798) male and female students in the ninth and tenth grades, enrolled in public schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education in the Qweismeh Districk.The study adopted the correlational descriptive methodology, the executive functions scale (adolescent self-report), the inner speech scale, and the emotional regulation scale were applied.
The results indicated that the degree of using Inner speech is moderate, and the degree of executive functions and emotional regulation is moderate. The results also indicated that there was a direct relationship between the three variables and that Inner speech and emotional regulation explained 14.7% of the variance in executive functions. The study recommended the need to study the executive functions with other variables to find out the most important variables that affect it.
The Level of Future Anxiety and Its Relationship to Social Isolation among Outstanding Students in King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence in Madaba Governorate
Authors: Abu-Qa'aud Anoud Soud , Arabiyat Ahmed Abdel Halim
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to identify the level of future anxiety and its relationship to social isolation among outstanding students in the King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence in Madaba Governorate. To achieve the objectives of the study, a sample of outstanding students in King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence in Madaba Governorate was selected, amounting to (170) male and female students. They were selected using the available method, and two scales were developed:The Future Anxiety Scale and the Social Isolation Scale, and their psychometric properties were verified. The results of the study found that the level of anxiety about the future and social isolation was moderate. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between each of the areas of future anxiety and the total score and social isolation. Based on the results of the study, some recommendations were made, including:The Ministry of Education, Jordanian universities, and parties interested in outstanding students must benefit from the results of the study by publishing its results, to reduce the level of anxiety about the future and social isolation among outstanding students
The Effectiveness of the Cyclic Inquiry Strategy on Improving Reading Comprehension among Eleventh Grade Literary Students in Jordan
Authors: Al -Daham Ali Fahid Ali , Al- Hashmy Abdul Rahman Abd Ali
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to Find out the effectiveness of cyclic inquiry strategy in improving reading comprehension among eleventh literary inquiry students in Jordan. They were chosen by the intentional method, and the sample consisted of four groups: two experimental (males / females), numbering (47) Male and Female students who studied according to the cyclic strategy, and two Male controls (males / females), numbering (47) male and female students who studied according to the usual strategy, and they were distributed randomly The study experiment lasted for seven weeks. The test consisted of (30) multiple-choice items. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the groups in the reading comprehension test in favor of the experimental group that was taught using the cyclic inquiry strategy, and there were statistically significant differences attributed to the interaction between the teaching strategy and gender in favor of the females of the experimental group. The study recommend: Employing the cyclic strategy in teaching reading to secondary school students.
The Degree of Need to Develop the Performance of Libyan Universities in Light of Indicators of Competitive Leadership Universities of Advanced World
Authors: Haider Raim Atia , Battah Ahmad Mohammad
Published: February 2025

The current study aimed at finding out the degree of need to develop the performance of Libyan universities in light of the indicators of competitive leadership for the universities of the advanced world, The study sample was stratified, random, consisting of (216) educational leaders, at a rate of 50% of the study population, consisting of (428) educational leaders. the results indicated that the degree of need to develop the performance of Libyan universities was low, and the results showed the absence of statistically significant differences due to the variables (gender, experience), and the presence of statistically significant differences due to the educational qualification variable, and accordingly the researchers recommended to focus on the interest of the Ministry of Higher Education, and the authorities concerned with improving and developing Libyan universities, and providing all the requirements for their transformation into pioneering universities that reach global competitiveness.
Goodness-of-Fit between Teacher and Child, and Its Relationship to Prosocial Behavior as Estimated by the Early Childhood Stage Teachers
Authors: Al Jwabrah Noura Mustafa , Matter Jehan Wadie
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between adequacy and positive social behavior among (4095) early childhood students. The sample of the study amounted to (420) boys and girls who were chosen by a non-probability sampling method. The study relied on the descriptive correlative approach. A scale of Goodness-of-fit and prosocial behavior that was developed both the researcheres.
The results showed that the level of Goodness-of-fit was moderate, as the arithmetic mean was (2.99), and the level of prosocial behavior was moderate, and the arithmetic mean was (3.39). The results also showed a positive relationship between Goodness-of-fit and prosocial behavior, where the correlation coefficient was (437.), and the presence of Statistically significant differences in the relationship between prosocial behavior and prosocial behavior by gender in favor of males.
Time Management among English Language Teachers in Basic Private Schools in the Capital Governorate and Its Relationship to their Organizational Loyalty
Authors: Abdul Rahim Rula Abdul Majeed
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to identify the degree of practicing time management among English language teachers in basic private schools in the Capital Governorate, and its relationship to their organizational loyalty. To achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire was developed consisted of two parts, the first part included (34) items for time management, and the second part included (19) items for organizational loyalty. A random sample of (346) male and female teachers was selected. The results of the study showed that English language teachers in private schools practice time management at a large extent, and that organizational loyalty was high. Also, the results revealed a high positive correlation between the degree time management practice by English language teachers in private schools and their organizational loyalty.
Quality improvement analysis in a pharmacy skills laboratory course to enhance student pharmacists’ education
Authors: Caldas Lauren , Donohoe Krista , Wagner Tyler , Rohatgi Simran , Salgado Teresa
Published: February 2025

Background: When students are admitted to pharmacy school, the intention is for an equitable learning environment. However, students with prior pharmacy work experience may be at an advantage in their pharmacy education compared to those without.     
Objective: To assess the changes made to a skills laboratory course to resolve unintended inequities in course marks between students with and without prior pharmacy work experience.   
Methods: This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study assessed the impact of previous pharmacy work experience on the outcomes of five class cohorts on scores from: The top 300 exam, pharmacy dispensing activities, and overall marks Course improvements included team dispensing activities and increasing marked prescriptions from nine to fifteen. Wilcoxon ranked sum test and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between prior work experience and course outcomes.   
Results: Over 50% of students in all cohorts had pharmacy work experience. Bivariate analysis showed no significant differences in Top 300 marks or dispensing activity marks between students with and without prior experience, except in Fall 2020.     
Conclusion: Unintended course inequities were addressed through modifications that fostered teamwork among students with diverse work experiences and increased the number of dispensing activities.
Establishing Special Interest Groups (SIGs) as a conceptual educational tool to enhance competencies in pharmaceutical scenarios
Authors: Ruba John Bryan , Vella-Szijj Janis , Serracino-Inglott Anthony
Published: February 2025

Background: Continuous research and collaboration are vital for advancing pharmacy practitioners’ competencies. This paper explores the role of pharmacist special interest groups (SIGs) as educational tools and learning models for competency development. Deviating from the traditional structure of empirical research papers, it discusses the current state of continuous professional development (CPD) in pharmacy and the potential of SIGs in enhancing learning for pharmacy professionals.
Methods: Concepts on the contribution of SIGs to competency enhancement were identified by analysing 14 articles selected from established databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ProQuest.
Results: Pharmacists’ roles have evolved to prioritise patient care, leading to new specialisations and a demand for advanced skills. Comprising professionals and students, SIGs offer opportunities for learning, networking, and collaboration. However, barriers to participation, such as time constraints and unclear benefits, highlight the need for flexible and well-organised groups.
Conclusion: SIGs address specific interests and can enhance CPD progammes, supporting competency development and framework evolution in the pharmaceutical field. They are proposed as educational tools to address professionals’ needs, although further research is required to validate their effectiveness. Establishing future focus groups could sustain, enhance, and advance the roles of SIGs.
Impact of proctored examinations on students' performance in an online undergraduate pharmacology course
Authors: Speth Jeffery , Burr Justin
Published: February 2025

Background: Previous studies on assessment techniques in education have observed that students tend to take longer and score higher on unproctored exams than proctored exams in some disciplines.    
Objective: To investigate the impact of a post-pandemic return to proctored examinations on student performance in undergraduate pharmacology education.    
Methods: This was a quantitative, retrospective, observational study in which exam scores and time spent data were collected for two sections – one unproctored and one proctored – of an online 2000-level introduction to pharmacology course. Data between the two groups was compared using independent two-sample t-tests to investigate any statistically significant differences. Cohen’s d was calculated for effect size.    
Results: In aggregate, exam scores were statistically higher in the unproctored group than in the proctored group. Student time spent on exams was significantly longer in the unproctored group than in the proctored group.    
Conclusion: These findings support the consideration that students score higher and spend more time on unproctored exams than proctored exams in undergraduate pharmacology similar to many other disciplines. The explanation for this observation is likely multifactorial and may warrant further investigation.
Análisis de la realidad de la adopción en Argentina desde una perspectiva sociológica
Authors: Marramá Patricia
Published: February 2025

La adopción de niños, niñas y adolescentes es una institución cultural, social y legal que modifica de manera sustancial el status de todos los actores que intervienen en ella. Los que fueron padres dejan de serlo, los que no lo fueron pasan a serlo, y los que eran hijos de unos padres pasan a ser hijos de otros. Esta realidad es muy antigua. Desde las primeras civilizaciones como la griega, la hebrea y la romana entre otras se ha legitimado y regulado la práctica de la adopción ya sea por causas, políticas, sociales o económicas.
Aquí se presenta un estudio de tipo cualitativo interpretativo de las relaciones que se generan entre los miembros de las familias que tienen al menos un hijo(a) por adopción. Se intenta hacer un aporte a la Sociología pretendiendo abrir nuevos caminos de investigación en este segmento de familias con el propósito distinguir y comparar las formas de sociabilidad que se construyen dentro de estos Mundos.
Este texto es producto de una ardua investigación realizada con motivo de una tesis doctoral en Sociología en la Universidad Católica Argentina. En aquel momento se realizó un profundo y arduo trabajo de campo basado en las experiencias de familias que están conformadas por al menos un hijo adoptivo y luego se comparó algunos resultados con familias que conforman su parentalidad con hijos adoptivos y consanguíneos, que en esta oportunidad llamaremos “Familias mixtas”.
Estimating Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health Risks Associated with PM2.5 Concentration in Major Populated Areas of Iraq with Examining its Correlation to COVID-19
Authors: Hammadi Alaa , Hussain Bassim , Ghanim Marrwa , Hashim Bassim
Published: February 2025

Adverse impacts on respiratory and cardiovascular health have been linked to air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This study aimed to 1) quantify and analyze PM2.5 concentrations in eight major Iraqi cities from February 2020 to August 2021, comparing these levels with WHO guidelines, and 2) investigate potential correlations between PM2.5 pollution levels and the spread of COVID-19 in the studied cities. Daily PM2.5 concentrations were compiled from government-operated air quality monitoring stations, and the AirQ+ health risk assessment model was utilized to estimate the relative risk of mortality and morbidity outcomes. The results revealed that PM2.5 concentrations exceeded WHO guidelines (5 μg/m3) in all of the studied cities, with the highest mean level in Baghdad (54 μg/m3) - over 10 times the WHO limit . The values obtained were as high as (RR 1.61, 95% and Confidence interval CI: 1.23-2.0), in Baghdad , while the lowest was in Sulaymaniyah with a value of (RR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06-1.21). The COVID-19 . also infection rates were highest in Baghdad but did not consistently correlate with PM2.5 pollution across all cities, suggesting a complex interplay between air quality and disease transmission.