bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the aspectual system of Wushi (Babessi), a Ring Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon
Authors: Hodieb Liliane
Published: July 2021

One of the characteristics of Bantu languages, including Grassfields Bantu languages, is their multiple time distinctions. Within the Ring Grassfields group, multiple tenses are also well attested. For example, Aghem has three past and two future tenses (Anderson 1979), Babanki has four past tenses and three future tenses (Akumbu & Fogwe 2012), as well as Lamnso’ (Yuka 2012). Oku has three past tenses and two future tenses (Nforbi 1993) and Babungo has four past and two future tenses (Schaub 1985). These tenses represent different degrees of remoteness in time such as hordienal, immediate, distant, etc. However, in spite of the indisputable lexical unity of Ring Grassfields Bantu languages (Stallcup 1980; Piron 1997), Wushi strikingly stands apart: it does not mark tense morphologically. As a matter of fact, the aspectual system of Wushi is based on five aspects: perfective, imperfective, retrospective or anterior, potential, and the distal or dissociative marker kə̀ that is analyzed in the light of Botne & Kershner (2008). This paper sets out to analyze these verb forms.
Construction schemas in Yoruba compounding: focus on personal names
Authors: Ehineni Taiwo O.
Published: July 2021

Compounding is a common word-formation process in Yoruba which is instantiated by different compound structures and types. However, in Yoruba personal names, compounds may exhibit significant formal and semantic properties that reflect certain constructional schemas in grammar. Hence, using the framework of construction morphology, this paper examines various schemas in Yoruba compound personal names and the internal features of these schemas. Based on data collected from personal interviews and native speaker intuition, I show that Yoruba personal names are constructions involving complex structural schemas which constitute a form-meaning pair where there are internal features that are not only semantic but syntactic and phonological. Furthermore, the paper reveals that several compound patterns may occur in Yoruba names including N-N, N-V, V-N, N-A and N-Av and that phonological processes in these schemas may be unique to the name constructions.
Theft Control Based Master Meter Using Different Network Technologies
Authors: Abbood Doaa , Al-Atbee Osama , Marhoon Ali
Published: July 2021

The power theft is one of the main problems facing the electric energy sector in Iraq, where a large amount of electrical energy is lost due to theft. It is required to design a system capable of detecting and locating energy theft without any human interaction. This paper presents an effective solution with low cost to solve power theft issue in distribution lines. Master meter is designed to measures the power of all meters of the homes connected to it. All the measured values are transmitted to the server via GPRS. The values of power for all energy meters within the grid are also transmitted. The comparison between the power of the master meter and all the other meters are transmitted to the server. If there is a difference between the energy meters, then a theft is happened and the server will send a signal via GSM to the overrun meter to switch off the power supply. Raspberry pi is used as a server and equipped and programmed to detect the power theft.
Non-Integrability of the Kepler and the Two-Body Problems on the Heisenberg Group
Authors:   Krak&, Stachowiak Tomasz ,   #243,   w, Poland, Maciejewski Andrzej J. ,   University of Zielona Góra, Poland
Published: July 2021

The analog of the Kepler system defined on the Heisenberg group introduced by Montgomery and Shanbrom in [Fields Inst. Commun., Vol. 73, Springer, New York, 2015, 319-342, arXiv:1212.2713] is integrable on the zero level of the Hamiltonian. We show that in all other cases the system is not Liouville integrable due to the lack of additional meromorphic first integrals. We prove that the analog of the two-body problem on the Heisenberg group is not integrable in the Liouville sense.
La compétition des jouissances
Authors: Strauss Marc
Published: July 2021

Colette Soler s’est employée avec méthode et clarté à interroger la place du champ lacanien, théorie et pratique, dans le cadre de l’actualité des discours qui nous régissent, une actualité qui ne se limite pas à la pandémie. Si la lutte pour l’hégémonie des jouissances qui les animent prend au niveau collectif une forme toujours plus brutale, n’en est-il pas de même dans l’intimité de chacun qui s’y trouve pris ?
La reproduction des corps en question
Authors: Barillot Patrick
Published: July 2021

Quoi qu’il en soit des prévisions démographiques et des spéculations sur les taux de fécondité futurs, les indices de fécondité, dès aujourd’hui, chutent dans de nombreuses régions du monde et ne permettent pas le renouvellement générationnel. De ce phénomène nouveau, dans ce moment de l’histoire de l’humanité à situer après la transition démo graphique, la psychanalyse peut en dire quelque chose. Ce que chacun peut apprendre dans une cure analytique sur la non-complémentarité des sexes et de la jouissance sexuelle qui ne fait pas lien est maintenant patent dans les sociétés où les sujets s’affranchissent de la jouissance normée, hétérosexuelle.
D’« avoir » des enfants à « faire » des enfants, question de générations…
Authors: Grandet Lydie
Published: July 2021

La position des femmes sur la maternité a beaucoup évolué en Occident du fait des avancées sociétales et des progrès scientifiques en matière de procréation. Aujourd’hui, nous rencontrons des femmes qui considèrent qu’il serait irresponsable de « jeter un enfant dans ce monde » produit d’un libéralisme à la dérive, tant sur le plan de la surpopulation, de la famine, de l’immigration que des menaces écologiques sur le devenir de notre planète. En quoi la procréation inscrit-elle une « concrétion » du désir, articulant choix éthique et responsabilité ?
Les enfants criminels
Authors: Cote Armando
Published: July 2021

Il s’agit dans cet article de rendre compte d’un point de vue clinique, d’une observation des enfants et adolescents qui sont considérés comme dangereux pour la société. Si notre époque parle des enfants dits « radicalisés », terme trop ambigu, il est plus approprié de parler de « criminels ». La psychanalyse donne une définition précise de la responsabilité, insistant dans ses développements sur la structure morbide du crime qui est motivée par une contrainte, c’est-à-dire par une force à laquelle « le sujet n’a pas pu résister ». Pour tenter de comprendre les pensées criminelles, Lacan nous donne une piste : la quête du sens qui est lien avec un temps éternel, qu’il appelle l’ internité , c’est-à-dire l’extrême du secret intime qui ne peut être touché que d’un sentiment d’éternité. De plus, face au phénomène de l’autosacrifice, Lacan, dans son séminaire du 17 décembre 1974, « R.S.I. », développe ce qu’il appelle « débilité mentale ». L’article fait allusion au cas de David Vallat qui a écrit ses mémoires sous le titre Terreur de jeunesse . Cas qui illustre parfaitement la débilité de la pensée qui peut pousser au sacrifice.
Un temps d’urgence
Authors: Aparicio Sol
Published: July 2021

La pandémie, avec les difficultés rencontrées pour l’endiguer, aura plongé nos sociétés dans un état tout à la fois d’urgence sanitaire et de réelle incertitude et provoqué ainsi ce que le discours psychanalytique nous permet de lire comme une brutale mise à nu de l’inexistence de l’Autre.
L’incidence de la passe dans l’École vue par l’AE
Authors: Dahan Patricia
Published: July 2021

L’articulation passe-École, telle que Lacan l’a présentée à partir de 1967, a pour objectif de sortir d’un modèle de hiérarchie en vigueur jusque-là dans les écoles de psychanalyse. Dans cette perspective, et pour ne pas favoriser une transmission de type universitaire, le fonctionnement de l’École met l’accent sur l’acte analytique dans la formation des analystes et sur le savoir acquis par l’expérience de l’analyse.
Quelques propos épars sur les effets de la passe sur l’École et vice-versa
Authors: Thamer Elisabete
Published: July 2021

La passe occupe une place centrale dans une École de psychanalyse orientée par l’enseignement de Jacques Lacan. Il s’agit, d’une part, d’interroger les effets de l’une sur l’autre : effets de la passe sur l’École et de l’École sur la passe. D’autre part, de soulever des questions sur la traduction dans la passe, vu l’option de l’EPFCL pour des cartels de la passe internationaux.
Témoigner de sa passe : quelles suites, quels effets vers l’École ?
Authors: Rolland-Manas Sophie
Published: July 2021

À partir de la nomination d’analyste de l’École, il s’agit ici d’aborder ce que devient le témoignage de passe. Qu’en reste-t-il ? Qu’est-ce qui peut s’en transmettre dans un retour à l’École ?
L’athéisme de la pratique analytique
Authors: Jacob-Duvernet Marie-Noëlle
Published: July 2021

Il s’agit d’envisager l’influence du savoir déposé dans la passe sur la pratique des analystes. Une passe dont on peut penser qu’elle se poursuit et se renouvelle dans la pratique. Ce n’est pas en vertu du principe de la laïcité que l’athéisme est requis, mais parce que l’acte analytique du psychanalyste est radicalement sans Autre, sans Dieu. Un acte analytique est là pour contrer la névrose religieuse empêtrée dans sa croyance fantasmatique. Comment libérer la pratique analytique de la religion, soit de l’Autre ? Jusqu’où une cure doit-elle être menée pour se déprendre du religieux et comment la passe permettrait-elle de participer à cette visée ?
Clinique et épistémè
Authors: Rostagnotto Alejandro , Cholloux Isabelle
Published: July 2021

Ce travail tente de mettre en tension l’aspect clinique et épistémique de la passe pour problématiser la fonction de l’AE dans l’approche des problèmes cruciaux. Il prend en considération un antécédent historique de la passe et propose quelques alternatives.
Sonate pour clavier
Authors: Cordova Nadine
Published: July 2021

Le passage à l’analyste concerne un virage radical dans la cure qui touche ce qu’il y a de plus intime chez un corps parlant… Il se passe quelque chose… encore faut-il qu’il y ait un lieu pour l’entendre. Le dispositif de la passe proposé par Jacques Lacan, dans le prolongement de la fondation de son École, est ce lieu qui peut saisir ce qui a eu lieu, qui a causé du psychanalyste.
“Not like our Rock is their rock” (Deut 32:31)
Authors: Berthelot Katell
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses how early (mainly tannaitic) rabbinic sources viewed Roman jurisdiction, and the possibility that Jews would turn to non-Jewish courts to settle their disputes. It does not aim to describe actual practices, nor to clarify how Jews navigated between non-Jewish and Jewish courts in Palestine, but rather seeks to analyze rabbinic statements about Roman or non-Jewish courts and to understand how the rabbis conceived of their activity as opposed to that of non-Jewish courts. What is at stake is the history of representations, or ideas, rather than legal history. After noting that few tannaitic texts explicitly reject Roman or non-Jewish courts, I examine the well-known case of a Jewish divorce enforced by a non-Jewish tribunal, then proceed to analyze the underlying covenantal rationale for the rejection of Roman courts. I argue that at least some rabbis associated non-Jewish courts with idolatry, thus rejecting the more accommodationist position that seems to characterize most rabbinic literature on the subject, while other texts associate Jewish or more specifically rabbinic jurisdiction or arbitration with God’s holiness.
“Barbarians” judge the law
Authors: Hayes Christine
Published: July 2021

In the ancient and late antique world, various peoples engaged in competitive ethnic apologetics. In so doing, they drew on central tropes of the civilized/barbarian dichotomy, first formulated by the Greeks, which valorized law as the definitive mark of a civilized people and bulwark against barbarian savagery. Invoking familiar tropes of the “barbarian repertoire” (described by Kostas Vlassopoulos), ancient and late antique writers adopted a double strategy of apologetics and redirection, defending themselves against the charge of barbarism and redirecting it on to their accusers. Palestinian rabbis participated in this competitive ethnic apologetics in two ways. First, they defended themselves from the charge of barbarism by neutralizing violent elements of biblical death penalty law. Specifically, they “barbarized” the stubborn and rebellious son of Deuteronomy 21, and they imported substantive and conceptual elements from Roman law in order to conform biblical executions to the Roman standard of a dignified and aesthetically pleasing death. Second, they redirected the charge of barbarism onto Rome through ironic narratives focused on the savagery of Roman emperors.
Accommodating former legal systems and Roman law
Authors: Dubouloz Julien
Published: July 2021

This paper considers the legal relations between local communities and Roman authorities within the empire from a Roman point of view. It is mostly based on Cicero’s Verrine Orations, the accusation pronounced in 70 BCE before a repetundae court against Verres, a former governor of Sicily. This piece of judicial rhetoric gives us access to the kind of arguments which were suitable for a Roman audience and Roman readers as far as provincial autonomy was concerned. A study of a specific civil law procedure, the uadimonium procedure, shows how difficult it is to assess the degree of interaction between local and Roman law from a judicial source like the Verrines. Furthermore, local law appears to be, to a large extent, both a rhetorical and an ethical construct, to be interpreted in the context of the critical viewpoint on imperialism which was cautiously developed by Cicero as the accuser in the repetundae speech.
A frenzy of sovereignty
Authors: Bryen Ari Z.
Published: July 2021

The “Berlin Legal Codex,” recently republished as P.Aktenbuch, is a puzzling document: it purports to record a series of criminal judgments given by an unnamed governor (hēgemōn) against a range of malefactors. Given the rarity of criminal verdicts in the corpus of papyri more generally, P.Aktenbuch would seem to be of the highest importance; however, there are many reasons to doubt whether it records actual verdicts given in the governor’s court. More likely, it is a literary artifact that uses criminal punishment to meditate on the question of sovereignty more generally. In this respect, it seems to be a cousin of the more famous Martyr Acts or Acta Alexandrinorum – but with an important twist: in the Aktenbuch, the governor is unambiguously good, whereas the victims are unambiguously bad. The Aktenbuch is in that sense an inverted Martyr Act. Unlike the martyr acts, the text is also constructed as a series of monologues, rather than a series of dialogues between empire and subject. Most unusually for a Roman provincial document, the Aktenbuch celebrates violent punishments, and should be read as part of a broader provincial conversation on the nature of sovereignty.
Pappus and Julianus, the Maccabaean martyrs, and rabbinic martyrdom history in Late Antiquity
Authors: Lapin Hayim
Published: July 2021

Starting with the varied references to Pappus and Julianus (or Lollianus) in rabbinic works, this paper examines the construction of a martyrdom history in rabbinic works of the fifth to seventh century that is retrojected onto rabbis of the first and second centuries. The reuse of one fragment of the Pappus and Julianus story in a rabbinic account of the martyrdom of a woman and her seven sons suggests a partial context. For this story, we can plausibly argue for the “rediscovery” of a story from 2 and 4 Maccabees in response to the emerging Christian cult of the Maccabean Martyrs in the second half of the fourth century. If this case is indicative, the emerging interest in martyrdom may be rooted in a broader discourse of martyrdom in the late antique Christian Roman East. Whether or not in conversation (contention) with Christian martyrdom, the stories depict a resistant stance in which tribunals represent the locus of resistance. The accused, typically a rabbi, stands before the emperor, who presides as judge over a cognitio extraordinaria. The hero triumphs by resisting the demands of an oppressive state to violate the divine Torah, and, as in our cases, calls into question the very legitimacy of the emperor as judge.
Appealing for the emperor’s justice
Authors: Blanco-Pérez Aitor
Published: July 2021

Visits by Roman emperors provided provincials with exceptional opportunities to present their pleas. Epigraphic evidence from the high imperial period and particularly the 3rd century CE sheds light on this process of petition and response. The aim of the present paper is to study these inscriptions in order to understand the application and reception of Roman justice in the eastern provinces of the empire. Particular attention is devoted to noteworthy testimonies, such as the bilingual minutes from Dmeir (Syria), the petition of Skaptopara in Thrace, and related texts from Lydia. The essay will argue that the presence and legally binding decisions of emperors such as Diocletian could transform the perception of Roman rule among local populations, including the Jews.
Legal pluralism in the Western Roman Empire
Authors: Kerneis Soazick
Published: July 2021

Legal realism recommends that we distinguish between law in books and law in action. Vulgar law often is assumed to have existed only in the oriental part of the Roman empire, an assumption based on the premise that peoples in the West had no system of law prior to the conquest. This absence ostensibly facilitated the transplant of Roman law. Yet to understand the practice of law in the Roman empire, we must consult a broad array of documents, including official but also popular sources. The latter demonstrate that although natives in the West did not have ius or a similar form of law, they did have their own systems of rules: customary law based on values quite different from those of the Romans. For this reason, the application of Roman law was not easy. De minimis non curat praetor. Law in books often is silent about the process of accommodation. If we are to fill in the lacunae left by official documents, we must be mindful of other sources, written by other people, in other places, sometimes in other languages. These popular sources illustrate the variety of legal forms created by the intertwining of Roman rules and native customs, as well as original methods of dispute resolution and ideas of judicial truth.
Judicial pluralism in the Visigothic kingdom of Toulouse
Authors: Roux Marie
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to explore whether the judicial pluralism of the Roman empire remained a reality in the post-Roman western kingdoms. The Visigothic Kingdom of Toulouse is an interesting case, as the interpretationes of the Breviary of Alaric are a useful source to consider how a post-Roman power preserved and changed Roman legislation regulating public and private jurisdictions. We will see that some special jurisdictions, such as that of the Urban prefect for senators, were suppressed, whereas others, such as that of military courts, were maintained. The compilers of the Breviary specified the conditions in which parties were permitted to come before communal courts and before private arbitrators. The interpretationes thus prove that part of the judicial pluralism inherited from the empire still existed and remained a part of practice.
Legal knowledge and its transmission in three marriage contracts from the Judaean desert
Authors: Czajkowski Kimberley
Published: July 2021

The archives of Babatha and Salome Komaise have become especially popular case studies of multi-legalism in antiquity. This paper re-examines the three very different marriage contracts from the archives to trace the methods by which knowledge of these different legal orderings could be transmitted within a small, recently annexed community. An emphasis is placed on the importance of preserving documents for the transmission of particular legal forms, and it is suggested that there may have been differences in how models of Jewish Aramaic and Greek contracts were kept and made available in this community. This is also set in the context of the effects of the newly arrived Roman power on the availability of different contractual forms.
Imperialism and the creation of local law
Authors: Furstenberg Yair
Published: July 2021

Following the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE and the imposition of a direct Roman rule over Palestine, the rabbis transformed the corpus of biblical commandments, Judean legal practices and customs into a comprehensive and detailed legal system. How can we explain the surprising fact that it was specifically under Roman jurisdiction that Jewish law emerged for the first time as a cohesive and codified system of civil law? In this article I argue that rather than functioning as an ideological or utopian construct, the creation of rabbinic law under Rome follows a familiar pattern well attested in the study of indigenous law under colonial rule. Scholars have recurrently described the development of local legal practices into fixed and formal legal systems, following colonial standards, thus triggering the invention of colonized “customary law”. In a similar manner, papyrological evidence attests to the crystallization of a corpus of “laws of the Egyptians” during the second century CE. Rabbinic material, however, offers the most detailed account of the processes by which the diversity of local customs characteristic of the pre-Roman period transformed into a fixed and general system of law at the hands of local experts. The article surveys three aspects of rabbinic legal innovation that feature elements of colonized “customary law”: the creation of new legal fields, codification of custom, and the establishment of a Roman-like court procedure. Together, these elements reflect the rabbinic effort to transform normative practices of different sources into a comprehensive legal system befitting imperial legal landscape.
Did Palestinian rabbis know Roman law?
Authors: Hezser Catherine
Published: July 2021

Palestinian rabbis of the first four centuries lived in an environment in which Roman law was practiced and Roman law schools existed. They would have been aware of Roman legal practices through hearsay, observation, and everyday life experiences. Palestinian rabbinic texts from the Mishnah to the Talmud Yerushalmi show striking similarities between rabbinic halakhah and Roman law in many legal areas. On the basis of theoretical considerations and case studies from shipping law, slavery law, and family law this paper investigates whether and to what extent rabbis can be expected to have known Roman law. In which areas of law are similarities most likely and how can the relationship between rabbinic and Roman law be explained?
“A proselyte whose sons converted with him”
Authors: Wilfand Yael
Published: July 2021

This paper analyzes rabbinic rulings on legal relations between converts and their children as a case study for examining the dynamic and nuanced influence of Roman legal and social approaches to new citizens on the development of rabbinic halakhah. This study considers topics such as converts’ bequests and their authority over offspring who were born (or even conceived) prior to their parents’ conversion, including children who joined Israel with one or both parents. According to tannaitic sources, even if both generations converted together, family ties between children and their father were severed upon his conversion; thus, they were no longer deemed his heirs. Striking parallels with Roman law (including Gaius, Institutes 1, 93-94; 3, 19-20) lead us to examine once more the relationship between Roman and rabbinic law.
Prognostic factors of oncologic outcomes after fertility-preservative management with progestin in early-stage of endometrial cancer
Authors: Roh Hyun Jin , Yoon Hyung Joon , Jeong Dae Hoon , Lee Tae Hwa , Kwon Byung Su , Suh Dong Soo , Kim Ki Hyung
Published: July 2021

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of various fertility-preservative treatments with progestin and analyze prognostic factors in Stage 1A of endometrial cancer.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study involved four Korean university hospitals. Data were collected from 43 women who were under the age of 40 with presumed stage IA endometrial cancer determined by magnetic resonance imaging and treated from January 2014 to December 2017. All of the patients were administered hormonal therapy for fertility preservation. Twenty-five patients received oral progestin with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) for 6–24 months, and 18 patients received high-dose oral progestin for the same period of time. Oncologic outcomes were evaluated. Prognostic factors for pathologic response to progestin were identified by logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Complete response (CR) was achieved by 72.1% of patients (31/43), and the average time to CR was 4.2 (Stable disease [SD] 3.4) months (range, 3–9 months). Partial response was achieved by 7.0% of patients (3/43), SD by 9.3% (4/43), and progressive disease by 11.6% (5/43). Of the CR patients, 41.9% (13/31) achieved pregnancy with the median follow-up period of 12.5 (SD 7.6) months (range: 3–50 months). No irreversible toxicity or therapy-associated death occurred. Multivariate analysis showed that high endometrial thickness ratio of pre- and posttreatment measured at 2 months from the treatment initiation (≥0.55, Odds ratio [OR]: 19.018; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.854–195.078; P = 0.013) and oral progestin without LNG-IUS (OR: 13.483; 95% CI: 1.356–134.069; P = 0.026) might be related with unfavorable prognostic factors for CR.

Conclusion:

This study shows that progestin-based fertility-preservative treatment might be a feasible option for stage 1A endometrial cancer. It also identifies that low endometrial thickness ratio and oral progestin with LNG-IUS combination therapy might be related with favorable response to hormonal treatment.
Diagnostic utility of a-methylacyl COA racemase in prostate cancer of the Iranian population
Authors: Taheri Diana , Roohani Elham , Izadpanahi Mohammad Hossein , Dolatkhah Shahaboddin , Aghaaliakbari Farshad , Daneshpajouhnejad Parnaz , Gharaati Mohammad Reza , Mazdak Hamid , Fesharakizadeh Shahriar , Beinabadi Yasasmin , Kazemi Reza , Rahbar Mahtab
Published: July 2021

Background:

Considering the great variations in the reported prevalence of prostate cancer across the world possibly due to different genetic and environmental backgrounds, we aimed to determine the expression pattern and the diagnostic utility of α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) among Iranian patients with prostate adenocarcinoma.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 58 patients with a definitive pathologic diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma were evaluated. The expression of AMACR, intensity, and extensity of its staining was determined in selected samples by immunohistochemical technique.

Results:

AMACR expression was significantly higher in neoplastic compared to normal tissue (P < 0.05). The expression of AMACR was significantly associated with the age of the patients (P = 0.04). The intensity of the staining was associated with the grade of the prostate adenocarcinoma (P = 0.04). There was no significant relationship between AMACR expression and perineural invasion. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of AMACR were 90%, 96%, 96%, and 90%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Findings from our study indicate that AMACR could be used as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. However, due to false-positive staining in the mimicker of prostatic adenocarcinoma, it is recommended to use it in combination with basal cell markers.
Effects of triple combination of hydrocortisone, thiamine, and Vitamin C on clinical outcome in patients with septic shock
Authors: Jamshidi Mohammad Reza , Zeraati Mohammad Reza , Forouzanfar Baharak , Tahrekhani Mehran , Motamed Nima
Published: July 2021

Background:

Recent studies suggest that hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and thiamine alone or in combination may improve the clinical outcomes of patients with septic shock. The aim of this study is the effects of this combination therapy on clinical outcome and sepsis biomarkers in patients with septic shock.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-eight consecutive patients suffering septic shock were randomly assigned into two groups receiving the combination therapy of hydrocortisone (50 mg/6 h, intravenously), Vitamin C (1.5 g/6 h in 100 ml normal saline or DW5%, intravenously), and thiamine (200 mg/12 h in 50 ml normal saline or DW5%, intravenously) or placebo for up to 4 days.

Results:

The decline in procalcitonin, lactate, and leukocyte count 72 h after the initiation of treatment was significantly greater in the intervention as compared to the control group. The intervention group has a significantly lower sequential organ failure assessment score 72 h after treatment (P < 0.001). The mean duration of vasopressor dependency was shorter in the intervention group (P = 0.039). In-hospital death occurred in 10.3% of the patients who received combination therapy and 37.9% in the control group (P = 0.014).

Conclusion:

The administration of the triple combination of hydrocortisone, thiamine, and Vitamin C appeared to be effective in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with septic shock and of reducing vasopressor requirements with a significant increase in the rate of improvement of sepsis biomarkers.
Bariatric surgery in transplant recipients
Authors: Kermansaravi Mohammad , Davarpanah Jazi Amir Hossein , Talebian Pedram , Rokhgireh Samaneh , Kabir Ali , Pazouki Abdolreza
Published: July 2021

Morbidity and mortality rates are increased due to obesity after organ transplantation; in this regards, bariatric surgery (BS) is believed to be an effective treatment for posttransplant obese patients. Nevertheless, some studies are doubtful in terms of the effectiveness of BS, the most suitable bariatric procedure, and management of immunosuppressant drugs in some kinds of organ transplants. We evaluated nonsurgical therapies, weight reduction, adjustment of immunosuppressants, comorbidities, and the recommended surgical procedures for posttransplant BS for different types of organ transplantations.
The impact of myofascial release and stretching techniques on the clinical outcomes of migraine headache
Authors: Rezaeian Tahere , Ahmadi Mehdi , Mosallanezhad Zahra , Nourbakhsh Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2021

Background:

Migraine patients often have painful trigger points, especially in the area of head and neck. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of myofascial release and stretching techniques in the management of migraine headache.

Materials and Methods:

This was a randomized controlled trial study on 40 migraine patients. The subjects in the experimental group received three sessions with a duration of 20 min per session techniques. Databases were analyzed using 2 × 3 repeated-measures analyses of variance (P < 0.05).

Results:

Experimental group showed a significant reduction in pain intensity (P < 0.001) and the neck disability index score (P < 0.001) and an increase in cervical range of motion (P < 0.001) in all time points after the intervention as compared with baseline and control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Myofascial release and stretching techniques were effective in improving symptoms in patients with migraine headache.
Safety and Efficacy of Corneal Cross-Linking in Children with Keratoconus
Authors: Alqahtani Saeed S.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Keratoconus is categorized by advanced corneal protrusion and thinning, important to uneven impairment and astigmatism in ophthalmic purpose, secondary to alter in the arrangement and association of collagen.

Objective:

This study intended to explain the protection and efficiency of cross-linking corneal for pediatric keratoconus.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective investigation of 32 eyes of 26 patients, age < 17 years that undertook corneal collagen for advanced keratoconus. Inclusion criteria were progressive keratoconus eyes recognized by successive topography for 6 months. The central significances procedures comprised pachymetry, keratometry, vision, and difficulties following epithelial-off cross-linking with the Dresden procedure.

Results:

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients were extra probable to be male; 81.6% of the non-VKC patients and 96.3% of VKC patients were male. Relating pretreatment to the 2-year follow-up, around no statistically substantial modification in the mean sharp or flat keratometry, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and corneal thickness or best spectacle-corrected graphic acuity in either group. There were no statistically substantial modifications in the mean visual, adverse event outcomes between the two groups. The percentage displaying advance of ectasia at 2 years was 18.5% in the VKC group and 16.7% in the non-VKC group (P = 0.83).

Conclusions:

Cross-linking corneal appears to be protected and active in pausing the advancement of keratoconus in pediatric patients. In addition, it can hypothetically inhibit amblyopia, progress the proper of lenses, and prevent an initial piercing keratoplasty.
Antibacterial Potency of Extracted Essential Oils of Some Plant Species against Common Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Zaman Gaffar Sarwar
Published: July 2021

Background:

In the last decades, due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens, the antibiotic-resistance phenomenon has become a global health crisis. Therefore, there is a need to find new remedies against pathogenic microbes.

Objectives:

The main intention of this research was to appraise the antibacterial potency of extracted essential oils (EEOs) from various plant species versus human disease-causing bacterial strains.

Materials and Methods:

Antibacterial and bactericidal activity of EEOs was tested on human disease-causing strains which included Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial analysis for various extracts of the different plants was performed by utilizing the method of disc diffusion and deduction of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microbroth dilution assays of the EEOs against the bacterial strains. Standard antibiotics (amoxicillin, metronidazole, rifampicin, clarithromycin, oxacillin, and clindamycin) were used to compare with EEO antibacterial activity.

Results:

Eclipta alba EEO was most effective against Streptococcus Pyogenes (2.06 ± 0.15), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1.50 ± 0.20), Streptococcus aureus (0.05 ± 0.02), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.56 ± 0.25). Leucas linifolia EEO was most effective against E. coli (3.13 ± 0.25) and Klebsiella Pneumoniae (4.33 ± 0.23). Bactericidal activity EEO from E. alba with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged from 0.11 ± 0.03 to 10.60 ± 0.55; Atriplex hortensis (8.73 ± 2.62–12.07 ± 0.65); Hedyotis scandens (9.13 ± 0.50–15.30 ± 0.43); L. linifolia (0.94 ± 0.05–10.73 ± 0.20); Murraya koenigii (9.0 ± 0.55–12.90 ± 0.18); and Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus (5.96 ± 1.15–13.0 ± 0.52). Bactericidal activity E. alba EEO was highest against S. Pyogenes (4.06 ± 0.15), N. gonorrhoeae (3.06 ± 0.40), and S. aureus (0.11 ± 0.03). L. linifolia EEO was most effective against P. aeruginosa (0.94 ± 0.05) and K. Pneumoniae (8.73 ± 0.41). Against E. coli (5.96 ± 1.15), the bactericidal activity of P. thyrsiflorus EEO was most effective.

Conclusions:

Comparison to the antibacterial activity of EEOs from six different plant species used in the study was more effective than the tested antibiotics. MIC and MBC values show that E. alba EEO plant species was the most effective against the tested human pathogenic bacterial strains.
Hemostatic Alteration in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Alhawiti Naif Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic genetic disease inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and distinguished by the presence of defective hemoglobin, known as homozygous sickled hemoglobin disease (HbSS). Sickled red blood cells lead to blood vessel obstruction, hemorrhage, and critical hemostatic function alterations. Defective hemoglobin that associated with serious health problems, such as thromboembolism among SCD patients, is clearly documented. Empirical evidence indicates that hypercoagulability states and proinflammatory phenotypes in patients with SCD are a substantial contribution of thromboembolic complications, with promoting morbidity and mortality. This review discusses the involvement of vascular endothelial cell, platelet, and coagulation cascade in the thrombogenesis of SCD.
The adventures of an early adopter
Authors: Bormans Geert
Published: July 2021

This paper is a case study about bringing the entire Swiss legislation (Classified Compilation) from MS Word documents to the web in a structured way, already preparing for an XML (Akoma NToso) and PDF publication in the near future.

Built on beta software (using a specification in "last call" ), this paper will focus on what the implications were for an "early adopter".
Deferred Well-Formedness and Validity
Authors: Durusau Patrick
Published: July 2021

This proposal emerges out of conversations about introducting collaborative editing into OpenDocument Format (ODF) applications, as a type of change tracking. Vis-a-vis a document, a lone author is a lesser and included case of collaborative editing. In either case, changes have to be captured, along with their metadata, and reconciled, in the case of conflicting edits.

Despite progress on the software side of collaborative editing for a variety of formats, there has been no visible progress on the capturing of changes, or their reconcilation in OpenDocument Format documents. Being habituated, not to say addicted, to markup approaches, it's understandable I find the lack of format discussions disquieting. It's all well and good to have change tracking/collaborative editing, successfully in software, but what the hell am I going to write down in ODF?

How to capture changes, from one or many authors, and how to capture reconciliations are the focus of this proposal. That requires unique identification of changes (one or many authors), identifying where changes may be applied, and recording the application of changes (the resulting document).
Call me Pastichemael
Authors: Graham Tony
Published: July 2021

Moby-Dick by Herman Melville is frequently used as the example document for EPUB and CSS applications. At around 670 pages, it is also a good choice for demonstrating the automated analysis features of AH Formatter. This presentation describes features of working with – and sometimes augmenting, sometimes correcting – the TEI source for the American first edition of Moby Dick to create a PDF version in the style of the 1851 original.
Deconstructing the STAR File Format
Authors: Gryk Michael R.
Published: July 2021

The STAR (Self-defining Text Archival and Retrieval) file format for electronic data transfer and archiving was introduced in 1991 [ Hall, 1991 ]. This format was designed to be extensible and flexible to handle all types of data in a machine independent manner. As a file format, STAR encompasses both a model (structure) for the information contained within the file as well as a syntax for defining the layout of the information within the file (serialization). This manuscript reports on an attempt to decompose the model from the layout and in doing so, both highlight differences between variants and versions of STAR as well as propose a simple alternate serialization of the STAR model in XML.
String Comparison in XSLT with tan:diff()
Authors: Kalvesmaki Joel
Published: July 2021

Classical models of string comparison have been difficult to implement in XSLT, in part because those models are designed for imperative, stateful programming. In this article I introduce tan:diff(), an XSLT function built upon a different approach to string comparison, one more conducive to a declarative, stateless language. tan:diff() is efficient and fast, even on pairs of very long strings (100K to 1M characters), in part because of its staggered-sample approach, in part because of its strategies for optimizing enormous strings (> 1M characters). The output is qualitatively excellent: the function normally returns a minimal diff (shortest edit script) and the longest common substring. Released as part of an open-source function library, tan:diff() enables developers to incorporate robust text comparison directly into XML applications.
Visualizing Musical Transformations
Authors: Lenz Evan
Published: July 2021

Musical transformations can be useful for analysis and learning. Using Bach's Prelude in C (BWV 846), we visualize the relationship between the original score and its transformations, using XML, XSLT, SVG, and a customization of the xslt-visualizer tool introduced at Balisage 2016. How might we represent the relationships between two SVG outputs of a multi-stage transformation (MusicXML to MusicXML to SVG)? How can we collapse an XML document's lineage? In other words, how might we visualize a multi-stage transformation as one step? And, in the case of musical notes, hear it too? Please see the online slide presentation for more details and full results of this fun experiment.
CSS Within: An application of the principle of locality of reference to CSS and XSLT
Authors: Quin Liam
Published: July 2021

An important principle of writing, and of programming in particular, is that one should be able to understand any particular passage without having to look elsewhere. Of course, there may be concepts that one needs, but in literature having to consult a dictionary several times in every sentence is tedious; in software engineering, having to read function definitions before understanding the code that calls them can be dangerous.

This paper describes experiments with CSS Within (a method of embedding CSS style rules into XSLT transformations) and discusses how the proximity of the rules to the corresponding element generation affects maintenance.
Scriptural Markup in the Bible Translation Community
Authors: Robie Jonathan
Published: July 2021

At XML conferences, most discussion of scriptural markup revolves around formats like OSIS and other TEI formats that are not widely used in the Bible translation community. The Bible translation community cares deeply about its translation data, and has developed a backslash-delimited markup language called USFM that is well-suited for marking up Scripture for Bible translation and publishing. It has also developed an XML-based equivalent called USX that is suitable for electronic publication. Neither of these languages is closely related to TEI or its conventions.

Although USFM is well-suited for representing Scripture, it is not well-suited for representing lexicons, USFM handbooks, commentaries, translation handbooks, critical apparatus, and many other kinds of resources that translators use as they work. This has been a bottleneck for making some kinds of resources available to translators.

Twenty years ago, a team that included well-known XML professionals designed OSIS to meet the needs of this community, but despite the technical merits of OSIS, the translation community continued to use USFM and USX instead. This paper explores the reasons that caused this community to choose USFM and USX, ways to leverage XML to provide reference materials to working translators, and reference systems needed to relate resources to each other. In the course of this paper, we will explore a wide variety of formats designed by different communities with different tastes for different purposes, including USFM, USX, XML, JSON, YAML, and CSV/TSV. All of these are text-based formats that support Unicode and allow data to be clearly labeled. Of course, life would be simpler if all data were created in the same format, but as long as common reference systems can make relationships among data clear, this variety of formats is not particularly problematic. The structure and relationships in the data are more important than the physical format.

This paper discusses these issues in the context of Paratext, software actively used by over 10,000 working Bible translators in more than 2,900 languages. It explains the value of USFM, but also the problems caused by its lack of extensibility and the ways that Paratext is using XML to overcome that problem. This paper also gives some real-world examples of mediating among different formats to create resources that work well together, respecting the right of data creators to use formats that work for them.

These same issues also occur outside of Paratext in systems that query or process the same kinds of data in other environments that do not use USFM. The same reference systems used to enable XML inside Paratext can also be used to integrate XML formats outside of Paratext and to create new resources that can be used in a wide variety of systems.
The (unspoken) XML gotcha
Authors: Usdin B. Tommie
Published: July 2021

XML is a platform-neutral way to exchange, share, and manipulate information. But what persuades many to use XML is the claim that XML provides a long-term way to store information, independent of tools (both hardware and software) with their short life spans. Projects spend significant resources on XML setup and then settle into doing the real work, using that XML infrastructure to compile, write, analyze, or whatever it is they do. Until, one day — something doesn’t work. Hardware is retired; software is upgraded; specifications go into new releases. Users get stuck. And when they complain, we respond, “Of course that doesn’t work any more; you have been accumulating technical debt for years! It is time to reinvest.” They thought they had committed to a one-time cost, and now we tell them that it is an ongoing expense. If the user had put documents into their favorite spreadsheet, they complain, they could still import them into the current version. How do we answer that complaint? We (the XMLers) think we described the values of XML plainly and fairly. We (the XML users) think that the claim that XML documents last a long time is relying on a specious technicality, and we have been trapped dishonestly. I live on both sides of this: as a user I want to invest in infrastructure once and have it last; as a developer I want to be able to improve my product without the limitations imposed by backwards compatibility. We as a community often complain that not enough people are using XML. If we really want XML use to grow, we need to address the gotcha that too many XML users are feeling.
Yetişkin Bireylerde Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: UÇMAN Tuğba , UYSAL Neşe
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Akılcı olmayan ilaç kullanımı hem birey hem de toplum sağlığı için önemli bir problemdir. Bu çalışma yetişkin bireylerde akılcı ilaç kullanımını ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini Türkiye genelinde 18-65 yaş grubunda yer alan 236 yetişkin birey oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri online ortamda, Anket Formu ve Akılcı İlaç Kullanım Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda yetişkin bireylerin %88.1’inin son üç ayda reçetesiz ilaç kullandığı, %43.2’sinin reçete edilen ilacı gereken süreden önce bıraktığı saptanmıştır. En sık kullanılan reçetesiz ilaçlar analjezikler (%98.6), vitaminler (%33.7), soğuk algınlığı ilaçlarıdır (%29.8). Bireylerin akılcı ilaç kullanımı bilgi düzeylerinin yaş, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, yaşanılan yer, çocuk varlığı, sağlık eğitimi alma durumlarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Yetişkin bireylerin çoğunda akılcı ilaç kullanımı bilgi düzeyleri yeterli olmakla birlikte, reçetesiz ilaç kullanım oranları ve ilacı önerilen süreden önce bırakma oranları yüksektir. Akılcı ilaç kullanımı konusunda toplum farkındalığını artırıcı girişimlerin ve eğitimlerin planlanması önerilmektedir.