bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ordering dependence: Care, disorder, and kinship ideology in North Indian antiviolence counseling
Authors: KOWALSKI JULIA
Published: February 2016

As Indian women's rights organizations address violence against women, they rely heavily on mediation practices such as family counseling. At one counseling center in Jaipur, Rajasthan, family counselors operated in an environment saturated with transnational discourse about human rights and gendered violence. Yet counselors addressed household harm through arguments about kin‐based care and interdependence, referred to as seva. Through their discussions of seva, counselors challenge scholarly assumptions about an insurmountable opposition between the demands of kinship and women's rights as autonomous subjects. Instead of presenting independence as a solution to disordered homes, they reordered household dependencies, subtly reworking ideologies of patriarchal kinship. Via ethnographic attention to the complex connections between kinship, care, and interdependence in counseling, I demonstrate the central role of kinship in localizing transnational arguments about rights. [kinship, care, dependence, gender, domestic violence, India]
Randomised clinical trial: prucalopride, a colonic pro‐motility agent, reduces the duration of post‐operative ileus after elective gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Gong J. , Xie Z. , Zhang T. , Gu L. , Yao W. , Guo Z. , Li Y. , Lu N. , Zhu W. , Li N. , Li J.
Published: February 2016

Background

Previous studies have shown that recovery of colonic transit is a major determinant of post‐operative ileus and clinical recovery after gastrointestinal surgery. Prucalopride is a highly selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor‐4 agonist with colonic pro‐motility effects.

Aim

To evaluate the effect and safety of prucalopride on post‐operative ileus and surgical outcomes after elective gastrointestinal surgery.

Methods

In this phase II randomised clinical trial, 110 patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery were randomised to either oral prucalopride (2 mg/day) (n = 55) or placebo (n = 55). Intervention was started 24 h after surgery and stopped after defecation or maximally at 7 days. The primary outcome was time to defecation. Secondary outcomes included time to first passage of flatus, tolerance of solid food, nasogastric tube reinsertion, post‐operative length of stay, hospital readmission, overall cost, time to walk independently, surgical complications and inflammatory parameters.

Results

Patients who received prucalopride had a shorter time to defecation (65.0 vs. 94.5 h, P = 0.001), passage of flatus (53.0 vs. 73.0 h, P < 0.001), and post‐operative length of stay (7.0 vs. 8.0 days, P = 0.001) than controls. The number of patients with prolonged ileus (>5 days) (16.4% vs. 34.5%, P = 0.026) and the C‐reactive protein level on post‐operative day 5 (35.67 vs. 59.07 mg/L, P = 0.040) were lower in the prucalopride group. There was no significant difference in post‐operative Clavien–Dindo grade III and IV complications (P = 0.606) between the groups.

Conclusion

Prucalopride is a safe and effective treatment to reduce post‐operative ileus and systemic inflammation without affecting post‐operative complications in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02004652.
Effect of dietary net energy concentration on dry matter intake and energy partition in cows in mid‐lactation under heat stress
Authors: Yan Fangquan , Xue Bai , Song Liangrong ,   Dalecuo, Xiao Jun , Ding Siyan , Hu Xiaofei , Bu Dengpan , Yan Tianhai
Published: February 2016

This study aimed to determine the net energy requirement of Holstein cows in mid‐lactation under heat stress. Twenty‐five multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated to five groups corresponding to five isonitrogenous total mixed rations, with net energy for lactation (NEL) content of 6.15 (NE‐6.15), 6.36 (NE‐6.36), 6.64 (NE‐6.64), 6.95 (NE‐6.95), 7.36 (NE‐7.36) MJ/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. Throughout the experimental period the average temperature humidity index at 07.00, 14.00 and 22.00 hours was 72.1, 88.7, and 77.6, respectively. DM intake decreased significantly with the elevated dietary NEL concentration. Fat corrected milk increased quadratically, and milk fat content and milk energy (MJ/kg) reached the greatest in the NE‐6.95 group with increasing dietary NEL content. Strong correlations were found between dietary NEL content and: (i) DM intake; (ii) NEL intake; (iii) milk energy (El); (iv) El/metabolizable energy intake (MEI); (v) El/NEL intake, as well as between NEL intake and fat corrected milk yield (FCM). The suitable net energy required for dairy cows producing 1 kg FCM ranged from 5.01 to 5.03 MJ, was concluded from the above‐stated regressions. Correlation between heat production (HP) and MEI could be expressed as: Log (HP) = −0.4304 + 0.2963*MEI (n = 15, R2 = 0.99, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.18). Fasting HP was 0.3712 MJ/kg0.75 when extrapolating MEI to zero.
Comprehensive detection of bacterial carbohydrate‐active enzyme coding genes expressed in cow rumen
Authors: Shinkai Takumi , Mitsumori Makoto , Sofyan Ahmad , Kanamori Hiroyuki , Sasaki Harumi , Katayose Yuichi , Takenaka Akio
Published: February 2016

To find the abundant and characteristic fibrolytic enzyme‐coding gene expressed in fiber‐associating microbiota, a metatranscriptomic data set was obtained from fiber‐associating microbiota, and it was compared with that of rumen fluid‐floating microbiota and two metagenomic data sets. Fibrolytic rumen bacteria associate with plant polysaccharide and hydrolyze it in the rumen. We obtained a metatranscriptomic assembly from fiber‐associating microbiota in three ruminally fistulated Holstein cows fed timothy (Phleum pratense) hay. Each metatranscriptomic data set involved over a thousand of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) gene transcripts that accounted for about 1% of total protein coding gene transcripts. Three‐quarters of the total GH gene transcripts were dominated by non‐structural oligosaccharide‐acting hydrolase gene transcripts. In the fiber‐associating microbiota, endo‐cellulase coding gene families, especially GHs 9 and 5, were abundantly detected, and GHs 9, 11, 30 and 43, carbohydrate esterase 8 and carbohydrate‐binding module 6 were characteristically detected. Most fibrolytic gene transcripts assigned to Fibrobacter succinogenes were detected in fiber‐associating sections, and GHs 45, 44, 74, 11, 30 and 16 were Fibrobacter‐characteristically detected. The metatranscriptomic assembly highlighted the characteristic fibrolytic enzymes expressed in the fiber‐associated rumen microbiota and offered access to the fibrolytic activities in each fibrolytic bacteria.
9‐Hydroxyrisperidone‐Induced Hyperprolactinaemia in Thai Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ngamsamut Nattawat , Hongkaew Yaowaluck , Vanwong Natchaya , Srisawasdi Pornpen , Puangpetch Apichaya , Chamkrachangpada Bhunnada , Tan‐Khum Theerarat , Limsila Penkhae , Sukasem Chonlaphat
Published: February 2016

Although our previous study revealed an association between prolactin level and risperidone dosage, data regarding the plasma concentration of risperidone are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between plasma drug concentrations of risperidone, 9‐hydroxyrisperidone and serum prolactin level in Thai children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The individuals for this study were 103 children and adolescents with ASD (90 males and 13 females). In the 12th hour after the last risperidone dose, blood samples were collected for analysis. Serum prolactin, plasma risperidone and 9‐hydroxyrisperidone levels were measured. Patients' clinical data were collected from medical records – age, weight, height, body mass index, dose of risperidone and duration of treatment. Serum prolactin level was significantly positively correlated with plasma 9‐hydroxyrisperidone level (rs = 0.355, p < 0.001). The median concentration of 9‐hydroxyrisperidone in individuals with hyperprolactinaemia (7.59 ng/ml; IQR 4.86–15.55) was significantly higher than non‐hyperprolactinaemic individuals (5.18 ng/ml; IQR 2.10–8.99) after risperidone treatment (p = 0.006). By multivariate analysis, high prolactin level was correlated to high 9‐hydroxyrisperidone level (p = 0.010). The results of this study showed that serum prolactin levels, especially in autistic individuals with hyperprolactinaemia during risperidone treatment, were significantly correlated with the level of 9‐hydroxyrisperidone. These results suggest that hyperprolactinaemia may develop during risperidone treatment.
Structural evolution of a gravitationally detached normal fault array: analysis of 3D seismic data from the Ceduna Sub‐Basin, Great Australian Bight
Authors: Robson A. G. , King R. C. , Holford S. P.
Published: February 2016

The growth, interaction and controls on normal fault systems developed within stacked delta systems at extensional delta‐top settings have not been extensively examined. We aim to analyse the kinematic, spatial and temporal growth of a Cretaceous aged, thin‐skinned, listric fault system in order to further the understanding of how gravity‐driven fault segments and fault systems develop and interact at an extensional delta‐top setting. Furthermore, we aim to explore the influence of a pre‐existing structural framework on the development of gravity‐driven normal faults through the examination of two overlapping, spatially and temporally distinct delta systems. To do this, we use three‐dimensional (3D) seismic reflection data from the central Ceduna Sub‐basin, offshore southern Australia. The seismic reflection data images a Cenomanian‐Santonian fault system, and a post‐Santonian fault system, which are dip‐linked through an intervening Turonian‐early Campanian section. Both of these fault systems contain four hard‐linked strike assemblages oriented NW–SE (127–307), each composed of 13 major fault segments. The Cenomanian‐Santonian fault system detaches at the base of a shale interval of late Albian age, and is characterised by kilometre‐scale growth faults in the Cenomanian‐Sanontian interval. The post‐Santonian fault system nucleated in vertical isolation from the Cenomanian‐Santonian fault system. This is evident through displacement minima observed at Turonian‐early Campanian levels, which is indicative of vertical segmentation and eventual hard dip‐linkage. Our analysis constrains fault growth into four major evolutionary stages: (1) early Cenomanian nucleation and growth of fault segments, resulting from gravitational instability, and with faults detaching on the lower Albian interval; (2) Santonian cessation of growth for the majority of faults; (3) erosional truncation of fault upper tips coincident with the continental breakup of Australia and Antarctica (ca. 83 Ma); (4) Campanian‐Maastrichtian reactivation of the underlying Cenomanian‐Santonian fault system, inducing the nucleation, growth and consequential dip‐linkage of the post‐Santonian fault system with the underlying fault system. Our results highlight the along‐strike linkage of fault segments and the interaction through dip‐linkage and fault reactivation, between two overlapping, spatially and temporally independent delta systems of Cenomanian and late Santonian‐Maastrichtian age in the frontier Ceduna Sub‐Basin. This study has implications regarding the growth of normal fault assemblages, through vertical and lateral segment linkage, for other stacked delta systems (such as the Gulf of Mexico) where upper delta systems develop over a pre‐existing structural framework.
A homozygous nonsense variant in IFT52 is associated with a human skeletal ciliopathy
Authors: Girisha K. M. , Shukla A. , Trujillano D. , Bhavani G. S. , Hebbar M. , Kadavigere R. , Rolfs A.
Published: February 2016

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is vital for the functioning of primary cilia. Defects in several components of IFT complexes cause a spectrum of ciliopathies with variable involvement of skeleton, brain, eyes, ectoderm and kidneys. We examined a child from a consanguineous family who had short stature, narrow thorax, short hands and feet, postaxial polydactyly of hands, pigmentary retinopathy, small teeth and skeletal dysplasia. The clinical phenotype of the child shows significant overlap with cranioectodermal dysplasia type I (Sensenbrenner syndrome). Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a homozygous nonsense variant p.R142* in IFT52 encoding an IFT‐B core complex protein as the probable cause of her condition. This is the first report of a human disease associated with IFT52.
Apical lymph node dissection of the inferior mesenteric artery
Authors: Goh N. , Fong S. S. , How K. Y. , Wong K. Y. , Loong T. H. , Tay G. T.
Published: February 2016

Aim

It is controversial whether a high or low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is superior. The former allows an extended lymph node clearance whereas the latter preserves the distal vascular supply via the left colic artery (LCA). Apical lymph node dissection of the IMA (ALMA) harvests nodal tissue along the IMA proximal to the LCA whilst performing a low ligation. This anatomically replicates the oncological benefit of high ligation and the vascular preservation of low ligation. Our study evaluates the nodal yield of ALMA and the short‐term outcome of this technique.

Method

We retrospectively studied 19 patients with sigmoid or rectal cancer who underwent curative surgical resection with ALMA. All ALMAs were performed with a standard technique previously described (Kobayashi et al., Surg Endosc 2005, 20:563–9; Sekimoto et al. Surg Endosc 2010, 25:861–6) . The lymph node yield from the dissection (the ALMA specimen) was compared with the total lymph node yield. Data on the LCA anatomy, time required to perform ALMA, complications and postoperative recovery were evaluated.

Results

ALMA was successful in 18 patients. Median postoperative hospitalization was 5 (2–26) days without ALMA‐related morbidity or mortality. The median lymph node yield was 20 (9–41) and a median of 14.3 (0–80)% were harvested with ALMA. Two patients not having neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy had fewer than 12 lymph nodes, excluding nodes harvested from ALMA. The average time required for ALMA was 18 min.

Conclusion

ALMA is a safe and feasible technique, allowing extended lymphadenectomy without sacrificing the LCA. In this small group of patients none were upstaged due to cancerous involvement of the proximal nodes.
Long‐term effects of lowering the alcohol minimum purchasing age on traffic crash injury rates in New Zealand
Authors: Kypri Kypros , Davie Gabrielle , McElduff Patrick , Langley John , Connor Jennie
Published: February 2016

Introduction and Aims

In December 1999, New Zealand lowered the alcohol minimum purchasing age from 20 to 18 years. We tested hypotheses that this change was associated with long‐term increases in traffic injury attributable to alcohol‐impaired driving among 18‐ to 19‐year‐olds (target age group) and 15‐ to 17‐year‐olds (affected by ‘trickle‐down’).

Design and Methods

We undertook a controlled before‐and‐after comparison of rates of fatal and non‐fatal traffic injury to persons of any age attributable to impaired drivers aged 18–19 years and 15–17 years, versus 20‐ to 21‐year‐olds. Crash data including assessment of driver alcohol impairment were recorded by New Zealand Police. The pre‐change period was 1996–1999. Post‐change periods were 2000–2003, 2004–2007 and 2008–2010. Outcomes were population‐based and vehicle travel‐based rates.

Results

Compared with the change in injury rates attributable to alcohol‐impaired 20‐ to 21‐year‐old male drivers, injuries attributable to 18‐ to 19‐year‐old male drivers increased in all post‐change periods and significantly so in the second post‐change period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 1.5). For 15‐ to 17‐year‐old male drivers, rates increased in all post‐change periods compared with 20‐ to 21‐year‐olds, and more so in the second (IRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) and third (IRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) periods. There was a short‐term relative increase in harm attributable to 18‐ to 19‐year‐old female drivers (IRR 1.5; 1.1 to 2.0). Results were similar for vehicle travel‐based rates.

Discussion and Conclusions

Reducing the alcohol minimum purchasing age was followed by long‐term increases in the incidence of traffic injury attributable to male 15‐ to 19‐year‐old alcohol‐impaired drivers. [Kypri K, Davie G, McElduff P, Langley J, Connor J. Long‐term effects of lowering the alcohol minimum purchasing age on traffic crash injury rates in New Zealand. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:178–185]
Predicting motor impairments among children born extremely preterm or very low birthweight
Authors: O'Shea T Michael
Published: February 2016

This commentary is on the systematic review by Linsell et al. on pages 554–569 of this issue.
Contraceptive practices of women with epilepsy: Findings of the epilepsy birth control registry
Authors: Herzog Andrew G. , Mandle Hannah B. , Cahill Kaitlyn E. , Fowler Kristen M. , Hauser W. Allen , Davis Anne R.
Published: February 2016

Objective

To report the contraceptive practices of women with epilepsy (WWE) in the community, predictors of highly effective contraception use, and reasons WWE provide for the selection of a particular method.

Methods

These cross‐sectional data come from the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (EBCR) web‐based survey regarding the contraceptive practices of 1,144 WWE in the community, ages 18–47 years. We report demographic, epilepsy, and antiepileptic drug (AED) characteristics as well as contraceptive use. We determined the frequency of use of highly effective contraception use, that is, methods with failure rate <10%/year, and conducted binary logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of highly effective contraception use. We report frequencies of WWE who consult various health care providers regarding the selection of a method and the reasons cited for selection.

Results

Of the 796 WWE at risk of unintended pregnancy, 69.7% use what is generally considered to be highly effective contraception (hormonal, intrauterine device [IUD], tubal, vasectomy). Efficacy in WWE, especially for the 46.6% who use hormonal contraception, remains to be proven. Significant predictors of highly effective contraception use are insurance (insured 71.6% vs. noninsured 56.0%), race/ethnicity (Caucasian 71.3% vs. minority 51.0%), and age (38–47, 77.5%; 28–37, 71.8%; 18–27, 67.0%). Of the 87.2% who have a neurologist, only 25.4% consult them regarding selection of a method, although AED interaction is cited as the top reason for selection.

Significance

The EBCR web‐based survey is the first large‐scale study of the contraceptive practices of WWE in the community. The findings suggest a need for the development of evidence‐based guidelines that address the efficacy and safety of contraceptive methods in this special population, and for greater discourse between neurologists and WWE regarding contraception.
The Impact of the 2011 Short‐Sale Ban on Financial Stability: Evidence from the Spanish Stock Market
Authors: Arce Óscar , Mayordomo Sergio
Published: February 2016

We examine the effect of the 2011 short‐selling ban on Spanish stocks on the financial sector's risk level. Before the ban, short positions were positive and significantly related to several indicators of bank default risk. Subsequently, the ban moderated the risk of banking institutions, especially those more exposed to short‐seller activity, which, on average, showed higher levels of maturity mismatch, uncertainty about their fundamentals, and exposure to sovereign risk. The ban also caused a side effect on non‐financial firms, since it led to an increase in their exposure to short sales, reflecting the existence of a common aggregate risk factor.
Fracture toughness of the interface between Ni–Cr/ceramic, alumina/ceramic and zirconia/ceramic systems
Authors: Porto C. P. S. , Parente M. P. L. , Jorge R. M. N. , Pereira L. C. , Griza S.
Published: February 2016

Few studies have focused on the interface fracture performance of bi‐layered structures, which have an important role in dental restorations, using ceramic materials. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fracture mechanics performance of the Ni–Cr/ceramic, alumina/ceramic and zirconia/ceramic interfaces by investigating the propagation of an interfacial crack under a wide range of mode mixities. The effect of the mechanical properties of the base materials and the interface, on the crack initiation and crack path, will also be studied. The finite element method (FEM) was used to calibrate the production of the experimental specimens, allowing to obtain the minimum dimensions and amounts of material needed to correctly characterize the fracture event. The specimens were tested until failure using a three‐point bending test machine. The interface fracture parameters were obtained using the FEM. For all specimens, the cracks propagated into the ceramic. The results suggest that, in Ni–Cr/ceramic, alumina/ceramic and zirconia/ceramic bi‐layered structures, the ceramic is weaker than the interface, which can be used to explain the clinical phenomenon that the ceramic chipping rate is larger than interface delamination rate. Consequently, a ceramic material with a larger fracture toughness is needed to decrease the failure rate of ceramic restorations.
Recreational fisheries data requirements for monitoring catch shares
Authors: Ryan K. L. , Trinnie F. I. , Jones R. , Hart A. M. , Wise B. S.
Published: February 2016

Catch sharing among fishing sectors requires credible data for decision‐making, allocation and management. Integrated Fisheries Management in Western Australia formally allocates allowable catch for Western Rock Lobster (WRL) (Panulirus cygnus) with 95% commercial and 5% recreational; Roe's abalone (Haliotis roei) with 36 t commercial and 40 t recreational; and West Coast Demersal Scalefish (WCDS) with 64% commercial and 36% recreational. While commercial catch is obtained from statutory returns, estimates of recreational catches from surveys depend upon spatial and temporal scales of the resource and fishing activity. WRL is a single‐species, licensed recreational fishery operating across large spatial and temporal scales. Mail surveys supplemented with occasional phone‐recall surveys provide cost‐effective monitoring. Roe's abalone is a single‐species, licensed recreational fishery operating over restricted spatial and temporal scales appropriate for aerial‐access surveys. The WCDS recreational fishery targets multiple species across large spatial and temporal scales. The introduction of charter logbooks and a Recreational Fishing from Boat Licence has provided the basis for monitoring charter and private boat‐based recreational fishing. Monitoring allocations is ongoing, with routine surveys required to provide catch estimates with a known confidence. This study highlights the application and importance of surveys in providing timely and accurate data for formal catch sharing.
From quantity to quality: understanding slow fashion consumers for sustainability and consumer education
Authors: Jung Sojin , Jin Byoungho
Published: February 2016

There is a growing interest in slow fashion, a production method which emphasizes quality as a way of achieving sustainability in the fashion industry. In order to develop a sophisticated and targeted marketing strategy, this study aimed to identify potential slow fashion consumer segments and understand their characteristics. The final 221 completed responses from a sample of nationwide U.S. consumers were analyzed by cluster analysis. Based on consumer orientation to slow fashion, four consumer groups were identified: Highly‐involved in slow fashion group, Conventional group, Exclusivity oriented group and Low‐involved in slow fashion group. The characteristics of each group were profiled according to personal values, apparel consumption behaviours and demographics. With distinctive profiles of each group, different marketing strategies were suggested to address the needs of each group effectively. This study extends academic understanding of slow fashion in consumer perspectives, and provides important perspectives for consumer education on apparel consumption.
Possible adducts formed between hydroxymethylfurfural and selected amino acids, and their release in simulated gastric model
Authors: Zou Yueyu , Pei Kehan , Peng Xichun , Bai Weibin , Huang Caihuan , Ou Shiyi
Published: February 2016

This work aimed to investigate the reactivity of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with selected amino acids, to identify the produced adducts and to clarify whether or not the adducts release HMF after their digestion under gastric conditions. Results showed that cysteine, glycine and lysine can deplete the added HMF, and their reactivity increased with increasing pH and temperature. Cysteine (25 μmol mL−1) depleted 91.0% of the added HMF (315.3 μg mL−1) at 40 °C in 15 min, lysine did not eliminate HMF until 80 °C, and glycine started to eliminate HMF at 100 °C. Four adducts for cysteine, three adducts for lysine and only one adduct for glycine were identified through HPLC–MS–MS after they reacted with HMF. The adducts formed from the reaction mixture of cysteine, lysine and glycine with HMF only released 1.7%, 2.6% and 10.5% of eliminated HMF, respectively, after their digestion in simulated gastric conditions.
Expanding the Domain of Festival Research: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Wilson Juliette , Arshed Norin , Shaw Eleanor , Pret Tobias
Published: February 2016

Festivals are an important sub‐field within event studies which, until recently, have not been studied as separate experiences. A systematic review of the emerging literature on festivals reveals several key characteristics. While festivals are diverse in nature and geographical location, scholarly interest focuses on five main themes: the motivations for organizing, funding and attending festivals; the experiences of festival attendees; the relationship between festivals and their local environments; the economic and sociocultural impacts of festivals; and the management of festivals. Despite growing interest in festivals as research sites, little attention has been afforded to investigating festival processes. In particular, considerations of how festivals are established, and which individuals are involved in their initiation and regular staging, offer opportunities for research. This paper highlights the significant role festivals play within their local communities, including their facilitation of social cohesion and regional identity. Our study reveals that the literature rarely discusses the development of festivals over time and the wider networks in which festivals are embedded. This critical review of festival research identifies various research gaps and directions for future research to develop theory and practical understanding of festivals.
Clinical research activity in periodontal medicine: a systematic mapping of trial registers
Authors: Monsarrat Paul , Blaizot Alessandra , Kémoun Philippe , Ravaud Philippe , Nabet Cathy , Sixou Michel , Vergnes Jean‐Noel
Published: February 2016

Aim

The primary aim of the study was to systematically map registration records on periodontal medicine in clinical trial registers. The secondary aim was to assess the evolution of periodontal medicine in clinical periodontal research as a whole.

Material and Methods

We searched all registration records related to periodontology in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. For registration records classified in the field of periodontal medicine, we assigned the 2015 MeSH® term for the most precisely corresponding systemic condition.

Results

Fifty‐seven systemic conditions have been hypothesized to be linked with periodontal diseases, covering nearly 2% of the diseases indexed in MeSH. In addition to diabetes, cardiovascular disease or preterm birth, other systemic conditions have been the subject of registration records, such as anaemia, liver diseases, dyspepsia or ankylosing spondylitis. A trend towards increasing diversification of systemic conditions has appeared over time. About a third of registration records in clinical periodontal research deals with periodontal medicine.

Conclusions

Periodontal medicine now constitutes an important part of clinical periodontal research. Research activity in periodontal medicine has grown continuously since the early 2000s, and exploration of registers gives a useful up‐to‐date snapshot of this constantly evolving field of research.
The efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Y.‐T. , Tu W.‐T. , Lee W.‐R. , Huang Y.‐C.
Published: February 2016

Background

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare and locally aggressive tumour, with a high recurrence rate, even after complete surgical excision. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) has been suggested to reduce the risk of local recurrence after inadequate surgical resection in patients with narrow or positive surgical margins. However, the overall efficacy of adjuvant RT has not been well studied because of the rarity of DFSP and lack of an appropriate comparison group.

Objective

We sought to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant RT for DFSP by conducting a systemic review and meta‐analysis to provide a more evidence‐based measure of its effectiveness.

Methods

We conducted a systemic review of articles published before 31 June 2015. Due to the rarity of the disease, we included all studies that reported DFSP patients who received adjuvant RT (postoperatively). The pooled recurrence rates were analysed from these extracted data.

Results

Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimate of the recurrence rate for all adjuvant radiotherapy was 11.74% (95% CI 7.4–17.38; n = 167). Patients with positive/close had a pooled recurrence rate of 14.23% (95% CI 8.13–22.49; n = 92), whereas there was no recurrence in patients with negative margins. The pooled estimate of the recurrence rate between surgery alone and surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy showed no significant difference (odds ratio 0.31, P = 0.07), although there was a trend that adjuvant RT had a lower recurrence rate than surgery alone.

Conclusion

Adjuvant RT might be considered for all patients undergoing surgical excision, even if a negative surgical margin has been achieved. Furthermore, for patients with large or recurrent tumours, especially when wide excision with negative margin would result in a significant functional or cosmetic deficit, postoperative radiotherapy is highly recommended in order to achieve a lower recurrence rate.
A three‐year follow‐up of a nurse‐led multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation programme in primary health care: a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Zakrisson Ann‐Britt , Hiyoshi Ayako , Theander Kersti
Published: February 2016

Aims and objectives

To investigate the effects of a nurse‐led multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation programme conducted in primary health care on functional capacity, quality of life and exacerbation frequency over three years among patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background

Although Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a chronic respiratory disease, it has been established that pulmonary rehabilitation has positive effects on patients' everyday functioning. However, the duration of these functional improvements, especially when the rehabilitation programmes are provided in primary health care settings, remains to be established.

Design

A quasi‐experimental design.

Method

Primary health care patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD stages II and III) were included; 49 in the intervention group and 54 in the control group. The intervention comprised a six‐week pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Functional capacity was assessed using a six‐minute walking test and quality of life by the Clinical COPD Questionnaire at baseline, after one year and three years. Exacerbation frequency was calculated from one year before to three years after the programme.

Results

No significant differences between the groups were observed in the six‐minute walking‐test or the Clinical COPD Questionnaire after one year and three years. On average, there were significant improvements in the six‐minute walking‐test and the Clinical COPD Questionnaire from baseline to the one‐year follow‐up. Exacerbation frequency tended to decrease in the intervention group and increase in the control group (interaction test was p = 0·091) but increased again in both groups after three years.

Conclusion

There was no evidence of the benefit of the nurse‐led multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation programme, although the exacerbation frequency tended to decrease in the intervention group after one year. There is a need for support and coaching at regular follow‐ups in primary health care.

Relevance to clinical practice

There is a need to support and coach patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in primary health care by means of regular follow‐ups.
Understanding the experience of adult daughters caring for an ageing parent, a qualitative study
Authors: Lopez Hartmann Maja , Anthierens Sibyl , Van Assche Elisa , Welvaert Joanna , Verhoeven Véronique , Wens Johan , Remmen Roy
Published: February 2016

Aims and objectives

The objective of this study is to describe how adult daughters experience caring for a frail older parent at home.

Background

In the near future the ageing of the population will have a major impact on the demand for formal and informal long‐term care. Relatives, especially spouses and adult children are the main providers of informal care.

Design

Qualitative research methodology was used to study the experience of adult daughters caring for their frail older parents. A phenomenological research perspective was used to better understand the daily experiences of caring for an ageing parent.

Methods

Data were collected using open‐ended interviews. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were subject to thematic analysis.

Results

Eleven women between 40–70 years of age participated in this study. Inductive coding of the interview data led to four main themes: being a caregiver as a natural process in life, the perception and consequences of caregiving activities, sharing care and finding a good balance between caring for an ageing parent and other responsibilities. Caregiving activities could be divided into visible and invisible activities and generated different feelings. The visible activities were more easily shared with other family members and professionals than the invisible ones. The women who struggled the most and tended to have a higher level of burden were those who experienced less support from their family.

Conclusions

This study provided more insight into the experiences women have when caring for a parent. Supporting family networks that help in both visible and invisible activities may prevent overburden.

Relevance to clinical practice

Consumer‐led care and the active participation of the informal caregiver in the decision‐making process for building the care plan need to become more prominent.
Effects of Co‐stocking Smallmouth Buffalo, Ictiobus bubalus, with Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
Authors: Mischke Charles C. , Griffin Matt J. , Wise David J. , Greenway Terrence E.
Published: February 2016

Proliferative gill disease (PGD) in catfish is caused by the myxozoan Henneguya ictaluri. The complex life cycle requires Dero digitata as the oligochaete host. Efforts to control PGD by eradicating D. digitata have been unsuccessful. Smallmouth buffalo, Ictiobus bubalus, (SMB) are opportunistic bottom feeders and a putative option for controlling D. digitata. In 2011, 15 ponds (0.4 ha) were stocked with 5000 channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus; 7 of these 15 ponds were also stocked with 300 SMB fingerlings. There were no differences in benthic invertebrate numbers or water quality variables between ponds with or without SMB. At harvest, there were no differences in percent survival, total weight, or catfish feed conversion ratio. In the second year, 18 ponds (0.4 ha) were stocked with 6000 channel catfish. Half the ponds were also stocked with 300 SMB. Sentinel fish were used to estimate disease severity, and pond water was collected for molecular estimation of H. ictaluri actinospore concentrations. Similar to the first year, there were no differences between treatments in any variable tested, including PGD severity in sentinel fish and parasite concentrations in pond water. Under these study conditions, presence of SMB did not have a measureable effect on PGD incidence, parasite density, or overall catfish production.
Apolipoprotein E allele frequencies in chronic and self‐limited hepatitis C suggest a protective effect of APOE4 in the course of hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Mueller Tobias , Fischer Janett , Gessner Reinhard , Rosendahl Jonas , Böhm Stephan , van Bömmel Florian , Knop Viola , Sarrazin Christoph , Witt Heiko , Marques Andreas Mas , Kovacs Peter , Schleinitz Dorit , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias , Bugert Peter , Schott Eckart , Berg Thomas
Published: February 2016

Background & Aims

Infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles bind to host lipoproteins such as low‐density lipoproteins (LDLs). Low‐density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) have been termed candidate receptors for HCV–LDL complexes. Functional host genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene encoding apolipoprotein E (apoE) – a major structural LDL component and natural ligand of LDLR – likely influence the course of HCV infection. We investigated the prevalence of APOE SNPs in two large and independent cohorts of patients with chronic HCV infection compared to respective controls.

Methods

We genotyped 996 chronically HCV‐infected patients; 179 patients with spontaneous HCV clearance; 283 individuals with non‐HCV‐associated liver disease; and 2 234 healthy controls.

Results

APOE genotype proportions in patients with persistent HCV infection significantly differed from healthy controls (P = 0.007) primarily because of a substantial under‐representation of APOE4 alleles in chronically HCV‐infected patients (10.2%) compared to 13.0% in healthy controls (P = 0.001). The distribution of APOE4 allele positive genotypes (ε2ε4, ε3ε4, ε4ε4) also significantly differed between chronically HCV‐infected patients and healthy controls (1.4%, 17%, 1% vs. 2.4%, 20.5%, 1.7%; P = 0.001), suggesting a protective effect of the APOE4 allele in HCV infection. This was confirmed by a significant over‐representation of the APOE4 allele in patients with spontaneous HCV clearance (17.6%; P = 0.00008). The APOE4 allele distribution in patients with non‐HCV‐associated liver disease (14.0%) was very similar to healthy controls and also differed from chronically HCV‐infected patients (P = 0.012), suggesting HCV specificity.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the APOE4 allele may confer a protective effect in the course of HCV infection.
The biogeography and community structure of kelp forest macroinvertebrates
Authors: Zahn Laurel A. , Claisse Jeremy T. , Williams Jonathan P. , Williams Chelsea M. , Pondella Daniel J.
Published: February 2016

Understanding species distributions and their community structure is increasingly important when taking an ecosystem‐based approach to conservation and management. However, knowledge of the distribution and community structure of species in mid‐range trophic levels (e.g. macroinvertebrates) is lacking in most marine ecosystems. Our study aimed to examine the spatial distribution and community‐level biogeographic patterns of common kelp forest–rocky reef macroinvertebrates in Southern California and to evaluate the effects of environmental gradients on these communities. Quantitative SCUBA surveys were used to estimate macroinvertebrate densities at 92 sites from 2008–2012. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate spatial patterns of macroinvertebrate communities among Regions. We found that kelp forest–rocky reef macroinvertebrate communities are distinct among different island and mainland regions, and their community patterns exhibited a strong relationship with an environmental gradient (i.e. sea surface temperature) even after controlling for geographic distance between sites. High abundances of urchin species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) were strong drivers of regional differences. Macroinvertebrate community patterns were driven by characteristic species that were typically more prevalent at warmer or colder sites. Our results provide the first quantitative analysis of macroinvertebrate community structure within the California kelp forest ecosystem. We also describe the distribution and abundance of 92 conspicuous kelp forest‐rocky reef macroinvertebrates among nine pre‐defined Regions. This study provides important preliminary information on these macroinvertebrate species that will be directly useful to inform management of invertebrate fisheries and spatial protection of marine resources.
Inferences from tip‐calibrated phylogenies: a review and a practical guide
Authors: Rieux Adrien , Balloux François
Published: February 2016

Molecular dating of phylogenetic trees is a growing discipline using sequence data to co‐estimate the timing of evolutionary events and rates of molecular evolution. All molecular‐dating methods require converting genetic divergence between sequences into absolute time. Historically, this could only be achieved by associating externally derived dates obtained from fossil or biogeographical evidence to internal nodes of the tree. In some cases, notably for fast‐evolving genomes such as viruses and some bacteria, the time span over which samples were collected may cover a significant proportion of the time since they last shared a common ancestor. This situation allows phylogenetic trees to be calibrated by associating sampling dates directly to the sequences representing the tips (terminal nodes) of the tree. The increasing availability of genomic data from ancient DNA extends the applicability of such tip‐based calibration to a variety of taxa including humans, extinct megafauna and various microorganisms which typically have a scarce fossil record. The development of statistical models accounting for heterogeneity in different aspects of the evolutionary process while accommodating very large data sets (e.g. whole genomes) has allowed using tip‐dating methods to reach inferences on divergence times, substitution rates, past demography or the age of specific mutations on a variety of spatiotemporal scales. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art of tip dating, discuss some recent applications, highlight common pitfalls and provide a ‘how to’ guide to thoroughly perform such analyses.
Introducing solid foods using baby‐led weaning vs. spoon‐feeding: A focus on oral development, nutrient intake and quality of research to bring balance to the debate
Authors: Cichero J. A. Y.
Published: February 2016

The World Health Organization recommends that infants be introduced to first solid foods from 6 months of age to complement milk feeds. The introduction of complementary foods is required to help infants meet their changing nutritional requirements. In recent years, baby‐led weaning and spoon‐feeding have been discussed as mutually exclusive approaches to introducing first solids. Baby‐led weaning advocates that babies direct and control the process of weaning, deciding what they will eat, how much and how quickly. There is an emphasis on parents providing chunks of soft food that babies can pick up and chew. A traditional spoon‐feeding approach involves introducing smooth runny purees as the texture for first foods and progressing to chewable solids as oral motor skills develop. Spoon‐feeding provides an opportunity for infants to develop oral skills necessary for safe management of solids and may facilitate intake of iron‐rich foods at weaning, whilst baby‐led weaning promotes greater participation in family meals and exposure to family foods. The need to supervise infants whilst eating to avoid risk of choking on food is required for both approaches. The review highlights the need for quality, well‐designed research on different approaches to the introduction of first solid foods and suggests that a combined approach to baby‐led weaning should be considered.
Sugars – part of a bigger picture?
Authors: Buttriss J. L.
Published: February 2016

If levels of health in the worst performing regions in England matched the best performing ones, England would have one of the lowest burdens of disease of any developed country. So what can be done from a diet and nutrition perspective to support this shift, and what role does the current preoccupation with intakes of free sugars have to play? Public Health England has recently furnished the Department of Health with an evidence package, detailing eight levers that could be used in a sugar reduction package. Evidently, the current levels of free sugars consumption are considerably in excess of the latest recommendations and attention needs to be drawn to this fact but sugar has held centre stage for some time, arguably detracting focus away from the many other attributes of a healthy diet, such as fatty acid profile, salt, protein and fibre content and the provision of adequate amounts of the full complement of vitamins and minerals. As the Department of Health prepares to launch its Childhood Obesity Strategy, the challenge will be to communicate a dietary approach for families that helps ensure energy intakes are aligned with energy expenditure plus also is rich in micronutrients and provides adequate fibre through inclusion of grains, pulses, vegetables and fruit. During the early months of 2016, a revised version of the eatwell plate healthy eating guide is anticipated, which will provide a basis for the nutrition community and the media to promote sound nutrition on a broader platform. There is a window in time to get this right – let us hope the opportunity is not wasted.
Molecular and systems approaches towards drought‐tolerant canola crops
Authors: Zhu Mengmeng , Monroe J. Grey , Suhail Yasir , Villiers Florent , Mullen Jack , Pater Dianne , Hauser Felix , Jeon Byeong Wook , Bader Joel S. , Kwak June M. , Schroeder Julian I. , McKay John K. , Assmann Sarah M.
Published: February 2016

Modern agriculture is facing multiple challenges including the necessity for a substantial increase in production to meet the needs of a burgeoning human population. Water shortage is a deleterious consequence of both population growth and climate change and is one of the most severe factors limiting global crop productivity.Brassicaspecies, particularly canola varieties, are cultivated worldwide for edible oil, animal feed, and biodiesel, and suffer dramatic yield loss upon drought stress. The recent release of theBrassica napusgenome supplies essential genetic information to facilitate identification of drought‐related genes and provides new information for agricultural improvement in this species. Here we summarize current knowledge regarding drought responses of canola, including physiological and ‐omics effects of drought. We further discuss knowledge gained through translational biology based on discoveries in the closely related reference speciesArabidopsis thalianaand through genetic strategies such as genome‐wide association studies and analysis of natural variation. Knowledge of drought tolerance/resistance responses in canola together with research outcomes arising from new technologies and methodologies will inform novel strategies for improvement of drought tolerance and yield in this and other important crop species.

ContentsSummary1169I.Introduction1170II.Physiological complexity of responses to drought stress in canola crops1170III.Translational biology: iterating betweenA. thalianaandB. napus1172IV.Systems biology ofBrassicaunder drought stress1176V.Natural variation in drought tolerance for informing breeding1181VI.Conclusions/hurdles/perspectives1182Acknowledgements1183References1183