bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low thermal expansion ZBLAN‐based glass ceramics containing CaZrF6 crystals
Authors: Huang Xin , Jiang Yiguang , Zhang Longfei , Guan Feng , Wang Zaiyang , Yuan Xinqiang , He Jin , Zhang Long
Published: January 2022

Fluoride glass is considered as an excellent optical material owing to its ultralow phonon energy (578 cm−1). However, its high thermal expansion coefficient (15.87 × 10−6/K) and deformability severely limit applications under service environments with high temperature, high humidity, and high‐power irradiation. To overcome these limitations, we developed a ZBLAN‐based fluoride glass ceramics (CZBLAN GCs) contained the negative thermal expansion material‐CaZrF6 crystals by phase‐separation engineering. The ability to control the precipitation of the desired crystal phase was achieved by adequate compositional design for phase separation, yielding improved or new properties in the development of fluoride GCs. With the successful precipitation of very uniformly dispersed single CaZrF6 crystals in the glass phase (up to ∼40% crystallinity), a significantly lower thermal expansion coefficient (3.66 × 10−6/K) in the fluoride system was achieved. Moreover, enhanced fluorescence properties of Eu‐doped CZBLAN GCs were observed compared with those of Eu‐doped ZBLAN glass owing to the lower phonon energy in GCs.
Radiation‐mediated supply of genetic variation outweighs the effects of selection and drift in Chernobyl Daphnia populations
Authors: Goodman Jessica , Brand June , Laptev Gennady , Auld Stuart K. J. R.
Published: January 2022

Populations experiencing varying levels of ionizing radiation provide an excellent opportunity to study the fundamental drivers of evolution. Radiation can cause mutations and thus supply genetic variation; it can also selectively remove individuals that are unable to cope with the physiological stresses associated with radiation exposure, or non‐selectively cull swathes of the population, reducing genetic variation. Since the nuclear power plant explosion in 1986, the Chernobyl area has experienced a spatially heterogeneous exposure to varying levels of ionizing radiation. We sampled Daphnia pulex (a freshwater crustacean) from lakes across the Chernobyl area, genotyped them at ten microsatellite loci and also calculated the current radiation dose rates. We then investigated whether the pattern of genetic diversity was positively associated with radiation dose rates, consistent with radiation‐mediated supply of de novo mutations, or negatively associated with radiation dose rates, as would be expected with strong radiation‐mediated selection. We found that measures of genetic diversity, including expected heterozygosity and mean allelic richness (an unbiased indicator of diversity), were significantly higher in lakes that experienced the highest radiation dose rates. This suggests that mutation outweighs selection as the key evolutionary force in populations exposed to high radiation dose rates. We also found significant but weak population structure, indicative of low genetic drift and clear evidence for isolation‐by‐distance between populations. This further suggests that gene flow between nearby populations is eroding population structure and that mutational input in high radiation lakes could, ultimately, supply genetic variation to lower radiation sites.
Storytelling through block play: imagining identities and creative citizenship
Authors: Ferreira Jonathan , Kendrick Maureen , Panangamu Sam
Published: January 2022

In 2021, more than 80 million people worldwide will have been forced to flee their homes. Upon arrival in their new country, families may endure numerous hardships, yet succumbing to these challenges is not their single story. To understand how migrant‐background and refugee‐background children imagine more liveable futures beyond social and education barriers, financial stress and unresolved emotional issues, our study focuses on the stories that 8‐ to 10‐year‐old learners created while playing with building toys and stacking blocks in a Canadian elementary school. Drawing on the interconnected frameworks of story‐telling, identity, creative citizenship and play‐based pedagogies, our case study of 11 students illustrates that, in response to an invitation to support their real or imagined communities, learners engaged in literacy practices, built on their lived experiences and imagined strong identities to create stories of social responsibility and awareness, emphasising the human needs of securing food and fresh water, ensuring safety, and connecting and caring for the community. Our findings may encourage teachers to consider play‐based storytelling to address out‐of‐school social factors in their classrooms and to capitalise on students' inquiries to design interdisciplinary projects that can develop students' literacies and promote social activism.
Policy Monitoring and Ministerial Survival: Evidence from Multiparty Presidentialism
Authors: Silva Thiago N. , Medina Alejandro
Published: January 2022

Studies on policy monitoring and ministerial survival within coalition governments are usually conducted separately. In this study, we bring these topics together and argue that the strategy of coalition partners to oversee the implementation of one another's policies has surprising consequences on the duration of office‐holding ministers. Our main theoretical insight suggests that the degree to which ministers behave as faithful agents of the government depends on their expectations about their partners' monitoring behavior, such that when they expect to be under high scrutiny, they moderate their drifting behavior. Using evidence from legislative information requests on the activities of individual ministers over all multiparty cabinets formed in Brazil between 1995 and 2014, we demonstrate that: (1) greater policy monitoring by coalition partners is observed under more ideologically heterogeneous cabinets, and (2) more frequent policy‐monitoring efforts by coalition partners lead to a lower ministerial replacement within the government term.
Analysis of the April 13, 2021 bolide off the coast of Florida and Grand Bahama Island
Authors: Hughes Ashley , Sankar Ramanakumar , Davis Kathryn E. , Palotai Csaba , Free Dwayne L.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we examine the trajectory, orbital, and radiometric characteristics of the bolide event occurring off the coast of southern Florida and the Grand Bahama Island on April 13, 2021. An object measuring about 1.3 m in diameter entered the atmosphere at approximately 02:16:40 UTC at a velocity of 16 km s−1. It took an almost due north course between Florida and Grand Bahama Island, terminating in the Atlantic Ocean. No fragments have been recovered up to the date of submission of this paper. We used a fragmentation model to infer the internal structure of the object. We found that the best fit to the light curve and height of the peak energy deposition is with a weak stony meteor, with a density of about 2000 kg m−3, that disrupted and fragmented quickly, over a time interval of 1.5 s, or over a distance of about 11 km in altitude, between 45 and 34 km. We find that the impactor had a preatmospheric mass of 2.5 ± 0.5 t, resulting in a diameter of about 1.34 ± 0.09 m. We performed a backward integration of the trajectory to determine an orbit and found that the impacting object was a Jupiter family comet with a semimajor axis of about 3.6 AU, and an inclination of 9°, which is consistent with our analysis from the fragmentation model. We could not find a suitable candidate for a parent body.
A perspective on the sense of loneliness and its determinants in Iranian older people
Authors: Moshtagh Mozhgan , Salmani Fatemeh , Moodi Mitra , Miri Mohammad R. , Sharifi Farshad
Published: January 2022

Background

The sense of loneliness is one of the common problems of older people and their quality of life, and is affected by many factors such as personal resources, gender, health condition, and age. This study investigates the determinants of the sense of loneliness between older men and women in Birjand.

Methods

This study was a part of the community‐based prospective cohort study of the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS). Individuals over 60 years of age and their families (selected by random cluster sampling) were assessed through structured interviews with questionnaires such as Patient Health Questionnaire, Short‐Form‐12, Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam Physical Activity Questionnaire, loneliness, and social support questions.

Results

The mean age of the participants in the study was 68.59 ± 6.72, and 53.2% were women. Based on the findings of pathway analysis, the most critical determinants of loneliness in older men and women were the number of children (total effect = −0.112, P = 0.006) and mood, respectively (total effect = 0.142, P < 0.001). According to results, older people with fewer children feel lonelier.

Conclusion

Compared with men, emotional loneliness is more common in older women. Older women, who lost their husbands, suffer from loneliness, mental health disorders, and low quality of life.
Black Women in the Military: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Correlates of Sexual Harassment
Authors: Breslin Rachel A. , Daniel Samantha , Hylton Kimberly
Published: January 2022

Sexual harassment is a persistent problem in the workplace that warrants further attention in public administration research. Despite the fact that black women are one of the largest subpopulations in the military, most studies of sexual harassment treat women as a homogenous group, and results generally reflect the experiences of white women, given their overrepresentation in samples. Using data from a large‐scale and representative survey of military members, we find that nearly one in five black women in the military (17.9%) experienced sexual harassment in 2018. Our findings further detail black women's sexual harassment experiences and advance the discourse on the need to address sexual harassment in the workplace through an intersectional lens in order to design more inclusive prevention and response programs and policies. For example, inclusive programs should proactively account for the experiences of black women in the design and evaluation of prevention and response efforts.
Comparison of artificial intelligence to the veterinary radiologist's diagnosis of canine cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Authors: Kim Eunbee , Fischetti Anthony J. , Sreetharan Pratheev , Weltman Joel G. , Fox Philip R.
Published: January 2022

Application of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve clinical diagnosis is a burgeoning field in human and veterinary medicine. The objective of this prospective, diagnostic accuracy study was to determine the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of an AI‐based software for diagnosing canine cardiogenic pulmonary edema from thoracic radiographs, using an American College of Veterinary Radiology‐certified veterinary radiologist's interpretation as the reference standard. Five hundred consecutive canine thoracic radiographs made after‐hours by a veterinary Emergency Department were retrieved. A total of 481 of 500 cases were technically analyzable. Based on the radiologist's assessment, 46 (10.4%) of these 481 dogs were diagnosed with cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE+). Of these cases, the AI software designated 42 of 46 as CPE+ and four of 46 as cardiogenic pulmonary edema negative (CPE−). Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the AI‐based software compared to radiologist diagnosis were 92.3%, 91.3%, and 92.4%, respectively (positive predictive value, 56%; negative predictive value, 99%). Findings supported using AI software screening for thoracic radiographs of dogs with suspected cardiogenic pulmonary edema to assist with short‐term decision‐making when a radiologist is unavailable.
Actualización y utilidad de los principios de derecho europeo del contrato de seguro (PEDCS)
Authors: Tapia Hermida Alberto J.
Published: January 2022

Este estudio tiene por objeto analizar de que manera los Principios de Derecho Europeo del Contrato de Seguro (PEDCS) puede servir de espacio de colaboración de los juristas del seguro iberoamericanos. Para ello, comienza realizando unas reflexiones iniciales sobre los PDECS que abarcan su utilidad actual, su origen y los motivos para reactivar esta iniciativa en el momento presente. En segundo lugar, examina la noción del contrato de seguro y de sus elementos fundamentales en los PDECS y su contenido que ordena en tres apartados que exponen las disposiciones generales sobre el contrato de seguro y las disposiciones especiales sobre los seguros de daños (en particular, el seguro de responsabilidad civil) y los seguros de personas (en particular, el seguro sobre la vida).
Mars rover detects carbon signature that hints at past life
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: January 2022

Dramatically “light” carbon could also be explained by atmospheric reactions or cosmic dust
Complete Genome Sequence of
Cellulomonas
sp. Strain C5510, Isolated from Pacific Ocean Seawater
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Ting , Xu Ying , Jin Jiafan , Yu Tiantian , Ren Na , Chen Xiunuan , Yang Jifang , Zhu Sidong , Chen Jigang
Published: January 2022

We report the complete genome sequence of
Cellulomonas
sp. strain C5510, obtained by Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. The approximately 4.15-Mb genome sequence consists of one circular chromosome and one circular plasmid, with an overall G+C content of 74.9%.
Supplemental Material: Implications for Ediacaran biological evolution from the ca. 602 Ma Lantian biota in China
Authors: Yang Chuan , Li Yang , al. et
Published: January 2022

Analytical methods and data.
Supplemental Material: Long-lasting viscous drainage of eclogites from the cratonic lithospheric mantle after Archean subduction stacking
Authors: Wang Zhensheng , al. et
Published: January 2022

Supplemental text, Figures. S1–S8, Tables S1 and S2, and Movies S0–S13.
Language of citation and publishing performance of graduate students in French-speaking countries with different economic and linguistic advantages
Authors: Khelifa Rassim , Mahdjoub Hayat , Baaloudj Affef , Chaib Sara
Published: January 2022

The performance of graduate students in research varies greatly across countries due to various factors, mainly socioeconomic and linguistic. The current situation is critical because the wealthiest countries are also the most linguistically equipped to navigate the English-dominant landscape of academia. Here, we assess the language of citations and the publishing performance of graduate students from three French-speaking countries: Algeria, Canada, and France, where Algeria is the least English proficient and the most economically disadvantaged. We found that the bibliography of PhD theses were English dominated in all regions (72.5% in Algeria compared with >93.1% in Western countries), whereas those of Masters theses were French dominated in Algeria (63.3%), relatively bilingual in France (47.6% French), but English dominated in Canada-Québec (94.7%) and Canada-BC (98.7%). Algerian PhD students produced fewer papers, were less likely to publish in journals with calculated impact factors, and received fewer citations than students who graduated from universities in France or in two Canadian provinces, British Columbia and Québec. Our results suggest that the economic and linguistic disadvantages faced by graduate students from non-Western backgrounds affect their academic performance, highlighting important issues in facing future global challenges.
Uterine Natural Killer Cells and Implantation
Authors: Lash Gendie E.
Published: January 2022

Decidual leukocytes make up approximately 30% of all decidual stromal cells in early pregnancy, of which 70% are uterine natural killer (uNK) cells. uNK cells are phenotypically distinct from peripheral blood NK cells, being CD56[Formula: see text]CD16[Formula: see text]. A recent single-cell sequencing project of the decidua identified three subsets of uNK cells, but we are yet to determine how they differ functionally. Several roles for uNK cells in implantation are starting to emerge including biosensing of poor-quality embryos, killing of bacteria infected trophoblast, spiral artery remodeling, and regulation of trophoblast invasion. Altered numbers of uNK cells have been identified in several pathological conditions, but whether this is causative of the condition is currently unclear.
A Resource Sharing Game for the Freshness of Status Updates
Authors: Migu´elez Fernando , Doncel Josu , Ayesta Urtzi
Published: January 2022

Timely information is a crucial factor in a wide range of information, communication, and control systems. For instance, in autonomous driving systems, the state of the traffic and the location of the vehicles must be as recent as possible. The Age of Information is a relatively new metric that measures the freshness of the knowledge we have about the status of a remote system. More specifically, the Age of Information is the time elapsed since the generation of the last successfully received packet by the monitor containing information about the source. Since the seminal paper [2], in several models it has been observed that the policies that optimize performance metrics of interest in queueing theory do not necessarily minimize the Age of Information. Hence, there is a large number of queueing models that are open research problems regarding the Age of Information metric. We refer to [6] for a recent survey of the Age of Information.
ORSuite
Authors: Archer Christopher , Banerjee Siddhartha , Cortez Mayleen , Rucker Carrie , Sinclair Sean R. , Solberg Max , Xie Qiaomin , Lee Yu Christina
Published: January 2022

Reinforcement learning (RL) has received widespread attention across multiple communities, but the experiments have focused primarily on large-scale game playing and robotics tasks. In this paper we introduce ORSuite, an open-source library containing environments, algorithms, and instrumentation for operational problems. Our package is designed to motivate researchers in the reinforcement learning community to develop and evaluate algorithms on operational tasks, and to consider the true multi-objective nature of these problems by considering metrics beyond cumulative reward.
Supportive Home Remedies for Orofacial Pain during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Their Value and Limitations
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee
Published: January 2022

Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impeded access to timely dental care, and there is an urgent need for adjuvant therapies that can reduce orofacial pain in emergencies. Aims. To provide information on the benefits and limitations of eight representative home remedies as palliative care for orofacial pain during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods. PubMed and Medline were electronically searched for eight home remedies for orofacial pain that can be used in COVID-19. Papers published in English in the past 30 years were considered. Among the published studies suitable for the research purpose, those in which the abstract and body text were confirmed were targeted, and duplicate studies were excluded. Finally, 86 studies were included. Results. There is extensive and high-level scientific evidence for the application of tooth brushing and flossing, mouth rinsing with chlorhexidine, use of over-the-counter pain medication, and application of cryotherapy in emergencies. Gargling with salt water, brushing with bamboo salt, gargling with garlic juice, and oil pulling are traditional methods used for centuries. The use of natural products for orofacial pain has a significant empirical effect but has weak scientific evidence. Conclusions. Knowing the correct application method, effects, and side effects is desirable to use these methods appropriately in emergencies. However, scientific evidence is unclear and generally lacking for home remedies to be the main treatment strategy, and there are clear limitations to their use as a single main treatment.
Association between Hunger and Truancy among Students in Liberia: Analysis of 2017 Global School‐Based Student Health Survey
Authors: Appiah Francis , Salihu Tarif , Oppong Yaw , Acheampong Henry Yaw , Fenteng Justice Ofosu Darko , Darteh Andrews Ohene , Takyi Matthew , Ayerakwah Patience Ansomah , Boakye Kingsley , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
Published: January 2022

Background. About 83% and 49% of Liberians live beneath the poverty line of US$1.25/day and experience hunger, respectively. Studies have established that hunger has long‐term adverse consequence on truancy among students. However, no national level study has investigated contribution of hunger on truancy among in‐school students in Liberia. This paper therefore seeks to examine the association between hunger and truancy among students in Liberia. The study hypothesises that there exists a positive association between hunger and truancy. Methods. This study used the 2017 Liberia Global School‐Based Student Health Survey (LGSSHS) and sampled 2,744 students. However, the present study was restricted to 1,613 respondents who had complete information about variable of interest analysed in the study. Hunger and truancy are the main explanatory and outcome variables for this study. At 95% confidence interval, two binary logistic regression models were built with Model I examining relationship between hunger and truancy and Model II controlled for the influence of covariates on truancy. Our findings were reported in odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR). All the analysis was done using STATA version 14.0. Results. Descriptively, 46% were truant, and 65% of students ever experienced hunger. Inferentially, students that ever‐encountered hunger had higher odds to truancy (AOR = 1.32, CI = 1.06‐1.65). The odds to be truant also increased among those at 15 years and above (AOR = 2.00, CI = 1.46‐2.72), who witnessed bullying (AOR = 1.36, CI = 1.10‐1.68), that felt lonely (AOR = 1.35, CI = 1.06‐1.71), that currently smoke cigarette (AOR = 2.58, CI = 1.64‐4.06), and wards whose parents go through their things (AOR = 1.26, CI = 1.03‐1.55). Conclusions. The study concluded that hunger was associated with truancy among students in Liberia. Additionally, students’ age, bullying, feeling lonely, cigarette use, and parental concern also determined truancy. Governments, policy makers, and other partners in education should therefore roll out some school‐based interventions, such as the school feeding program, which will help minimise the incidence of hunger among students. Such programs should consider the variations in students’ background characteristics in its design.
Functional MAOB Gene Intron 13 Polymorphism Predicts Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Löhle Matthias , Mangone Graziella , Hermann Wiebke , Hausbrand Denise , Wolz Martin , Mende Julia , Reichmann Heinz , Hermann Andreas , Corvol Jean-Christophe , Storch Alexander
Published: January 2022

Identification of individual risk factors for motor complications in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can help to guide personalised medical treatment, particularly since treatment options are still limited. To determine whether common functional gene polymorphisms in the dopamine metabolism predict the onset of motor complications in PD, we performed a retrospective, observer-blinded follow-up study of 30 PD patients who underwent genotyping of dopa-decarboxylase (DDC; rs921451), monoamine oxidase B (MAOB; rs1799836), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; rs4680), and dopamine transporter (DAT; variable number tandem repeat) polymorphisms. Onset of wearing-off and dyskinesias was determined by blinded clinical assessments. Predictive values of genotypes for motor complications were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. During a median follow-up time of 11.6 years, 23 (77%) of 30 PD patients developed wearing-off, 16 (53%) dyskinesias, and 23 (77%) any motor complication. The MAOB (rs1799836) polymorphism predicted development of dyskinesias with MAOBCC/(C)/CT genotypes (resulting in low/intermediate brain enzyme activity) being associated with lower hazard ratios (unadjusted HR [95% CI]: 0.264 [0.089–0.787];p=0.012; adjusted HR [95% CI]: 0.142 [0.039–0.520];p=0.003) than MAOBTT/(T) genotypes (resulting in high brain enzyme activity). DDC (rs921451), COMT (rs4680), and DAT (VNTR) polymorphisms were not predictive of motor complications. Together, the MAOB (rs1799836) polymorphism predicts the development of dyskinesias in PD patients. Our results need confirmation in larger cohorts. If confirmed, individual assessment of this polymorphism might be helpful for early risk stratification and could comprise a step towards patient-tailored therapeutic strategies to prevent or delay motor complications in the course of PD.
Acclimatization of Nanorobots in Medical Applications Using the Artificial Intelligence System with the Data Transfer Approach
Authors: Manoharan Hariprasath , Teekaraman Yuvaraja , Kuppusamy Ramya , Radhakrishnan Arun , Hariprasath Venkatachalam K.
Published: January 2022

This article deliberates various issues that are present in the integration of nanorobots in medical applications when real-time arrangements are used. In the current generation, there is a need for a device to recognize different diseases in a fast mode of operation where data transfer should be highly accurate. Even though many devices are existing, valuable information is not provided on the detection segment that has been delivered. Therefore, the technology of nanorobots can be implemented for detecting and providing solutions to various diseases in the human body. These nanorobots operate with gesture actions and they are applied in two different surfaces. Since the robotic technology is implemented in the proposed method, it is necessary to integrate an artificial intelligence (AI) technique in amalgamation with a neural network system which feeds the input in multiple ways using hidden layers. If such arrangements are processed, then, a data transfer path will be communicated with the media access control (MAC) design where the results can be analyzed in a real-time environment using online analysis, and in turn, the outcomes are simulated using MATLAB. Subsequently, comparing the MATLAB exploration with the existing method, it can be observed that the proposed method in the application of the medical field can be prominently improved for an average of 68%.
The Impact of Context Awareness and Ubiquity on Mobile Government Service Adoption
Authors: Mensah Isaac Kofi , Mwakapesa Deborah Simon
Published: January 2022

Context awareness and mobile factor ubiquity are considered key factors when it comes to mobile technology development and diffusion. Context is vital in interactive applications particularly when the context of users changes frequently and rapidly in the environment of handheld-mobile and ubiquitous technology systems. The understanding of the context and ubiquity in the development and diffusion of mobile government can influence the delivery of efficient public services. Mobile context-aware computing systems can respond to the changes in the environment in an intelligent way to provide a better consumer experience for users. This study explored the impact of context awareness and mobile factor ubiquity on the adoption of mobile government services. The framework of this study was based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). The structural equation model (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0 was used to conduct the data analysis. The analysis which was based on the 366 samples generated has shown that while context awareness was not significant in determining both the performance and intention to use, it was however significant in determining the effort expectancy of mobile government services. Also, mobile factor ubiquity was found to be a positive predictor of effort expectancy, intention to use, and context awareness. However, the mobile factor ubiquity does not determine the performance expectancy of mobile government services. The implications (managerial and theoretical) of these and other result findings of the study are discussed.
A Filosofia da informação e a Sociedade da informação e do conhecimento: reflexões diante do progresso tecnológico
Authors: Marchi Késsia Rita da Costa , Valentim Marta Lígia Pomim , Botega Leonardo Castro
Published: January 2022

As tecnologias de informação e comunicação tem alterado a vida cotidiana e transformado o conceito ‘informação’ em um conceito interdisciplinar, presente em diversos domínios e que desempenha um papel central na sociedade contemporânea. Nesse contexto, surge o campo científico denominado ‘Filosofia da Informação’ como uma nova proposta de investigação para a geração de conhecimento teórico, tendo como base e enfoque a informação, assim como a elaboração de metodologias informacionais e computacionais e a aplicação destas a problemas filosóficos. Diante disso, apresenta-se uma revisão de literatura inicial que busca destacar o panorama da Filosofia da Informação e a sua relação com a Sociedade da Informação e do Conhecimento, procurando contribuir para uma melhor compreensão deste campo neste contexto social e tecnológico. Observou-se que a Filosofia da Informação tem se consolidado como um campo de investigação autônoma que versa sobre questões emergências da Sociedade da Informação e do Conhecimento e, assim, desperta a necessidade de reflexões sobre como a sociedade se comporta diante do progresso tecnológico. Discussões tem ocorrido de modo crescente no âmbito da área da Ciência da Informação, sendo esta apresentada como uma área promissora e com relatos sobre sua importância, entretanto ainda há lacunas a serem estudadas e respondidas.
Conceitos, traduções e visita de V. V. Ivánov
Authors: Bernardini Aurora Fornoni
Published: January 2022

Em tom memorialístico, o artigo descreve a visita de V. V. Ivánov ao Brasil, relatando também a diversidade de estudos do semioticista russo e as entrevistas de que participa naquele momento de trocas institucionais.
"Luto para que um pouco de mim renasça no espaço curvo de um crisantempo"
Authors: Vallias André
Published: January 2022

Neste ensaio, André Vallias relembra momentos de sua relação pessoal/ intelectual com Jerusa Pires Ferreira no campo artístico, revelando facetas menos conhecidas da pesquisadora, inclusive reproduzindo poema da autora.
Nos passos de Jane Austen
Authors: Salgueiro da Silva Ana Cláudia Boavida
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a representação do espaço na obra romanesca de Jane Austen (1775-1817), nomeadamente em Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Emma (1815) e Persuasion (1818), que reproduzem, não só o quotidiano e os costumes da época oitocentista em Inglaterra, mas também as relações pessoais e sociais coevas, particularmente vivenciadas no espaço rural. Esta espacialidade, apresentada por determinadas expressões literogeográficas, permite aos leitores deambularem por diversos microcosmos, ou seja: através dos seus textos, Jane Austen vai construindo essa geografia, guiando os leitores numa viagem pelos lugares com significado, que os mesmos reconhecem e onde se reveem.
Association Between Endovascular Therapy Time to Treatment and Outcomes in Patients With Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Joundi Raed A. , Sun Jie-Lena , Xian Ying , Alhanti Brooke , Nogueira Raul G. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Saver Jeffrey , Schwamm Lee H. , Smith Eric E.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is a devastating condition without definitive evidence to guide treatment. Whereas the association between faster treatment times with endovascular therapy (EVT) and better outcomes in anterior circulation is well established, whether this relationship exists for patients with BAO is not well delineated.

Methods:

We used individual-level patient data from the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke nationwide US registry prospectively collected from January 2015 to December 2019. We identified individuals with BAO treated with EVT within 24 hours of symptom onset. The primary outcomes examined were in-hospital mortality, discharge home, ambulatory at discharge, independent at discharge (modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2), substantial reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2b or 3), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Using logistic regression models, we evaluated the association between time from symptom onset to treatment with EVT and outcomes.

Results:

Among 3015 patients with BAO treated with EVT, the mean age was 65.9 years, 38.8% were women, and the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at presentation was 17 (interquartile range, 8–26). Median onset to EVT time was 406 minutes (interquartile range, 252–688). From 2015 to 2019, there was an overall increase in the median onset to EVT times (380–411 minutes;
P
=0.016) but no significant change in the proportion of patients treated within 6 hours of symptom onset (48.4%–44.0%;
P
=0.17). After risk adjustment for patient and hospital-level factors, there were significantly lower odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.55 [95% CI, 0.45–0.68]) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (aOR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.32–0.84]) and significantly higher odds of ambulation at discharge (aOR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.37–2.16]), discharge home (aOR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.73–2.77]), and independence at discharge (aOR, 2.21 [95% CI, 1.66–2.95]) when onset to EVT time was ≤6 hours compared with >6 hours. The fastest decay in good outcomes per hour occurred within 6 hours of symptom onset.

Conclusions:

Among patients receiving EVT for BAO, faster treatment from symptom onset was associated with improved outcomes. These findings support efforts to achieve rapid treatment with EVT for patients with BAO.
Penicillin Reactions in Patients With Severe Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Sanyahumbi Amy , Ali Sulafa , Benjamin Ivor J. , Karthikeyan Ganesan , Okello Emmy , Sable Craig A. , Taubert Kathryn , Wyber Rosemary , Zuhlke Liesl , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Beaton Andrea Z. ,   the American Heart Association
Published: January 2022

Secondary antibiotic prophylaxis with regular intramuscular benzathine penicillin G (BPG) is the cornerstone of rheumatic heart disease management. However, there is a growing body of evidence that patients with rheumatic heart disease who have severe valvular heart disease with or without reduced ventricular function may be dying from cardiovascular compromise following BPG injections. This advisory responds to these concerns and is intended to: (1) raise awareness, (2) provide risk stratification, and (3) provide strategies for risk reduction. Based on available evidence and expert opinion, we have divided patients into low‐ and elevated‐risk groups, based on symptoms and the severity of underlying heart disease. Patients with elevated risk include those with severe mitral stenosis, aortic stenosis, and aortic insuffiency; those with decreased left ventricular systolic dysfunction; and those with New York Heart Association class III and IV symptoms. For these patients, we believe the risk of adverse reaction to BPG, specifically cardiovascular compromise, may outweigh its theoretical benefit. For patients with elevated risk, we newly advise that oral prophylaxis should be strongly considered. In addition, we advocate for a multifaceted strategy for vasovagal risk reduction in all patients with rheumatic heart disease receiving BPG. As current guidelines recommend, all low‐risk patients without a history of penicillin allergy or anaphylaxis should continue to be prescribed BPG for secondary antibiotic prophylaxis. We publish this advisory in the hopes of saving lives and avoiding events that can have devastating effects on patient and clinician confidence in BPG.
A new aboreal species of sword-tailed cricket (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae) from the mangrove in Singapore
Authors: TAN MING KAI
Published: January 2022

Sword-tailed crickets of the genus Amusurgus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae) from Southeast Asia is still poorly known and its taxonomy requires a revision. Many species are still awaiting discovery and formal description. Based on newly-acquired materials from the mangrove in Singapore, a new species of Amusurgus is described: Amusurgus (Amusurgus) caerulus sp. nov. This discovery also demonstrates that even in a small country like Singapore, we still do not have a comprehensive understanding of its orthopteran diversity.
Instabilities in the Shallow-Water System with a Semi-Lagrangian, Time-Centered Discretization
Authors: Subich Christopher
Published: January 2022

Conventional wisdom suggests that the combination of semi-Lagrangian advection and an implicit treatment of gravity wave terms should result in a combined scheme for the shallow-water equations stable for high Courant numbers. This wisdom is well justified by linear analysis of the system about a uniform reference state with constant fluid depth and velocity, but it is only assumed to hold true in more complex scenarios. This work finds that this conventional wisdom no longer holds in more complicated flow regimes, in particular when the background state is given by steady-state flow past topography. Instead, this background state admits a wide range of instabilities that can lead to noise in atmospheric forecasts.

Significance Statement

This work shows that solutions to the shallow-water equations with a semi-Lagrangian treatment of advection and an implicit, time-centered treatment of gravity wave terms can be unstable when there is a background state of flow over topography. This basic algorithm is used by many operational weather-forecasting models to simulate the meteorological equations, and showing an instability in the simplified, shallow-water system suggests that a similar mechanism may be responsible for “noise” in operational weather forecasts under some circumstances. If this problem can be addressed, it could allow numerical weather models to operate with less dissipation, improving forecast quality.
2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support
Authors: Davis Jody , Fischl Amy Hess , Beck Joni , Browning Lillian , Carter Amy , Condon Jo Ellen , Dennison Michelle , Francis Terri , Hughes Peter J. , Jaime Stephen , Lau Ka Hei Karen , McArthur Teresa , McAvoy Karen , Magee Michelle , Newby Olivia , Ponder Stephen W. , Quraishi Uzma , Rawlings Kelly , Socke Julia , Stancil Michelle , Uelmen Sacha , Villalobos Suzanne
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) provide guidance and evidence-based, quality practice for all DSMES services. Due to the dynamic nature of health care and diabetes research, the National Standards are reviewed and revised approximately every 5 years by key stakeholders and experts within the diabetes care and education community. For each revision, the Task Force is charged with reviewing the current National Standards for appropriateness, relevance, and scientific basis and making updates based on current evidence and expert consensus. In 2021, the group was tasked with reducing administrative burden related to DSMES implementation across diverse care settings.

Conclusion:

The evidence supporting the 2022 National Standards clearly identifies the need to provide person-centered services that embrace cultural differences, social determinants of health, and the ever-increasing technological engagement platforms and systems. Payers are invited to review the National Standards as a tool to inform and modernize DSMES reimbursement requirements and to align with the evolving needs of people with diabetes (PWD) and physicians/other qualified health care professionals. The American Diabetes Association and the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists strongly advocate for health equity to ensure all PWD have access to this critical service proven to improve outcomes both related to and beyond diabetes. The 2022 National Standards update is meant to be a universal document that is easy to understand and can be implemented by the entire health care community. DSMES teams in collaboration with primary care have been shown to be the most effective approach to overcome therapeutic inertia.
Management strategies following slightly out-of-range INRs: watchful waiting vs dose changes
Authors: Remer Hallie B. , Gu Xiaokui , Haymart Brian , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Ali Mona A. , Kline-Rogers Eva , Alexandris-Souphis Tina , Kozlowski Jay H. , Froehlich James B. , Shah Vinay , Krol Gregory D. , Kaatz Scott
Published: January 2022

Patients’ international normalized ratios (INRs) often fall slightly out of range. In these cases, the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines suggest maintaining the current warfarin dose and retesting the INR within the following 2 weeks (watchful waiting). We sought to determine whether watchful waiting or dose changes for slightly out-of-range INRs is more effective in obtaining in-range INRs at follow-up. INRs and management strategies of warfarin-treated patients within the Michigan Anticoagulation Quality Improvement Initiative registry were analyzed. Management strategies included watchful waiting or dose changes. INRs slightly out of range (target range 2.0-3.0) and their associated management were identified. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of the next INR being in range, adjusted for clustering due to multiple out-of-range INRs per patient. A total of 45 351 slightly out-of-range INRs (ranging 1.50-1.99 and 3.01-3.49) from 8288 patients were identified. The next INR was slightly less likely to be in range with watchful waiting than with a dose change (predicted probabilities 58.9% vs 60.0%, P = 0.024). Although a significant statistical difference was detected in the probabilities of the next INR being back in range when managed by a dose change compared with watchful waiting following a slightly out-of-range INR, the magnitude of the difference was small and unlikely to represent clinical importance. Our study supports the current guideline recommendations for watchful waiting in cases of slightly out-of-range INRs values.
Comparison of gut microbial communities, free amino acids or fatty acids contents in the muscle of wild Aristichthys nobilis from Xinlicheng reservoir and Chagan lake
Authors: Lu Yuting , Zhang Peijun , Li Wei , Liu Jia , Shang Xinchi , Cheng Yi , Li Yuehong
Published: January 2022

Background

Fish is favored by consumers, while amino acids and fatty acids are the main nutrients of muscle. At present, it has been found that the gut microbial community may be involved in the regulation of host material anabolism. Juvenile and adult bighead carp (A. nobilis) from Chagan lake and Xinlicheng reservoir were selected, and divided into four groups to compare the differences of gut microbial communities, free amino acid and fatty acids in muscle.

Results

The results showed that fish in different lakes or ages contained specific microbiota, the gut microbial structure was similar, but the microbial content was significantly different. Gut microbial abundance of juvenile fish in Chagan lake was significantly higher than that of other groups. Phylum level analysis Proteobacteria was the dominant gut bacteria of fish in both adult and juvenile fish from two separate lakes. Actinobacteria was another dominant bacterial phylum in juvenile fish in both lakes. Contents of free amino acids and fatty acids in muscle were detected, and the relationships between them and gut microbial communities were analyzed. Bighead carp grew from juvenile to adult, Actinobacteria abundance decreased (P < 0.05) and Proteobacteria increased (P < 0.05). Proteobacteria was positively correlated with the contents of Thr, Lys, Pro, Asp, Gly and Glu, Actinobacteria was negatively correlated with Met and His. Meanwhile, EPA and DHA were positively correlated with Proteobacteria, EPA and DHA were not significantly associated with Actinobacteria.

Conclusion

It was speculated that the contents of free amino acids and fatty acids in muscle might be affected by the difference of gut microbiota, thus affecting the taste and nutritional quality.
Correction to: BMI1 is associated with CSF amyloid-β and rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Jun Pyo , Kim Bo-Hyun , Bice Paula J. , Seo Sang Won , Bennett David A. , Saykin Andrew J. , Nho Kwangsik ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2022

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Dexmedetomidine versus magnesium sulfate as adjunct to general anesthesia in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopy
Authors: Menshawi Mohammed Abdelsalam , Fahim Hany Magdy
Published: January 2022

Background

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of infusion of magnesium sulfate compared to dexmedetomidine on the postoperative analgesic consumption and pain control in patients scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (VATS). The intraoperative hemodynamics, anesthesia requirements, and recovery profile were also evaluated.

Results

The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) recordings were significantly lower in group D than in groups C and M. The MAP recordings were significantly lower in group M than in group C with no significant difference as regards the HR recordings between both groups. Intraoperative sevoflurane and fentanyl requirements were significantly lower in groups D and M than in group C and in group D than in group M. The atracurium consumption was significantly lower in group M than in groups C and D. The time to reach modified Aldrete score ≥ 9 was significantly longer in groups D and M than in group C and in group D than in group M. Postoperative Ramsay sedation scores were significantly higher in groups D and M than in group C throughout the PACU stay and in group D than in group M in the 1st h postoperatively. The VAS score recordings were significantly lower in groups D and M than in group C and in group D than in group M except at 24-h postoperative recordings. The postoperative nalbuphine and ketorolac requirements were significantly lower in groups D and M than in group C and in group D than in group M.

Conclusions

During VATS, patients who received dexmedetomidine had better hemodynamic stability, less intraoperative anesthetic consumption with better quality of postoperative analgesia, and less postoperative analgesic consumption but longer postoperative anesthesia recovery and higher postoperative sedation scores compared with magnesium sulfate.
The Animality of Simone Weil
Authors: Grebowicz Margret , Reyna Zachary Low
Published: January 2022

Personhood, language, and voice are heavily culturally overdetermined categories, particularly today, when they appear to many posthumanist critical eyes as saturated with anthropocentrism. But the answer is not to avoid or “overcome” them. The working hypothesis of this article is that, in its insistence on the primacy of the “radically other,” contemporary posthumanist political thought forecloses an important route to one of its own central goals: building paradigms for thinking about shared, multispecies worldings. The authors argue that the basis for such worldings is to be found in the concept of shared, quotidian affliction, following the work—including the work of both living and dying—of Simone Weil. The entry point into a nonhuman reading of Weil is Chris Kraus’s 1997 novel, I Love Dick, which here becomes a story at the threshold of the human-animal boundary, thus opening the impersonal realm of our shared zoetic life and its multispecies potential. Throughout, the authors play at something like an interchangeability of Kraus and Weil, as a performative response to both Weil’s call for the impersonal and Kraus’s complicated relationship to autofiction/autotheory.