bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the Question of the Philosophical Interpretation of Pushkin’s The Prophet: The Jansenist Bible of Port-Royal and the Poet’s “Prophetic Transformation”
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, St. Petersburg State University, Tantlevskij Igor R.
Published: January 2023

The author assumes that the strategy of the ideologues and translators of the Bible of Port-Royal, based on the powerful linguistic-logical, philosophical-theological and methodological basis of “The Grammar” and “The Logic” of Port-Royal, was in many respects to convey latently to the reader, in what they believed to be a correct and adequate interpretation of the Vulgate, key as­pects of the theological and philosophical ideology of Jansenism (going back to Aurelius Augustine). So, the reader, even completely alien to Jansenism, could at times unconsciously absorb elements of this doctrine without even realising it. By way of a philosophical analysis of the poem “The Prophet”, the author seeks to bring to light not only some aspects of Pushkin’s perception of the Bible of Port-Royal, which he started actively reading in 1825, but also elements of Jansenism ideology (including the “reformation of the inner man”). The poet may also have become acquainted with some of the doctrines of this teaching through the writings of the Jansenist Pascal. The author also sees in Pushkin’s “Prophet” an implicit parallel to Augustine’s doctrine of the world as a “hierar­chy” of God’s creations. The mystical-allegorical description of his “reforma­tion”/“transformation” is consistently correlated by the poet with the Biblical prophetic symbolism of the heavenly fire (in which one can see a parallel to Pas­cal’s “Memorial”). The article also reveals the soteriological aspect of the global humanitarian mission of the poet-“prophet”. Assuming an implicit influence of Jansenism through the Bible of Port-Royal (and an explicit one through the writings of Pascal) might throw new light on the identification of the creative origins and the transformation of the outlook of other Russian writers of the first half to the middle of the 19th century, as well as on the development of Russian intellectual and political thought (e.g., that of Emperor Alexander I) during this period.
Inexpressibility as a Сondition: the Transcendentality in the Philosophy of M. Mamardashvili and L. Wittgenstein
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Gasparyan Diana E.
Published: January 2023

Merab Mamardashvili repeatedly mentions Ludwig Wittgenstein in his writ­ings. But even when there are no direct references, there are recognizable echoes of his Austrian colleague in his reflections. This article shows the close­ness of their philosophical approaches and determines in what sense both thinkers can be attributed to the tradition of philosophical transcendentalism. In particular, we will show in what sense the Wittgensteinian critique of the idea that consciousness is “put forward” to the world appears in Mamardashvili. According to Wittgenstein, the subject does not belong to the world, but to the boundary that forms the world. We find a similar idea in Mamardashvili: when we “speak of consciousness and not of anything else, we speak of such things for which we cannot show (substitute) their empirical and finite number of operations controllable equivalents”. Wittgenstein, for his part, compares consciousness with the eye, which is unable to see itself. Mamardashvili calls the same phenomenon “minimum-transcensus”. “Minimum-transcensus” cannot be found within experience itself, “put forward” within that which constitutes the objectivity and objective manifestation of our experience, because it is on the border of the empirical.
A Modern Look at Self-referential Systems. Cybernetics of the Second-Order
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Loktionov Mikhail V.
Published: January 2023

Considering the current state of system theory, the theory of self-organization and autopoiesis, we come to the conclusion that, first of all, we must identify what would determine the essence of cybernetics for us. Among the reasons why it is difficult to reveal the essence of cybernetics is the presence of numerous di­rections of this system theory, which are mutually overlapping. Despite the fact that due to this breadth the active development of cybernetics is ensured, it also causes the lack of certainty. Such a lack of certainty in some cases is perceived as inconsistency. The analysis mentioned in this article is not focused on stream­lining the categories, concepts related to cybernetics. It seems necessary only to present the key features inherent in the cybernetic approach. Nor can we bypass what is usually called cybernetics 2.0, second-order cybernetics, or cybernetics of self-referential or self-observing systems. The emergence of second-order cy­bernetics is associated with the interpretation of the system and its environment in relation to an infinite sequence of discrimination processes carried out by the observer. The observation of events that occur in the field of observation is referred to as first-order observation. In the case of second-order observation, the observer does not see what he does not see. This observation is an observa­tion of an observation. In the works of Heinz von Förster, we see that as a re­sponse to the negative assessment by humanists of the main object of cybernetic research – the machine – he distinguishes two types of machines: machines that are trivial, and machines that are not among them, that is, non-trivial. And it is the study of non-trivial machines that constitutes the content of self-referential cybernetics.
Philosophical Dialogue between Russia and The West: Translation of Meanings and Hermeneutic “Failure” (On the Example of Dutch Translations of Semyon Frank’s Creative Heritage of the 1930s)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tsygankov Alexander S. , Gulyaikhin Vyacheslav N. ,   Independent researcher
Published: January 2023

The article addresses a number of hermeneutic difficulties faced by representa­tives of the Dutch philosophical community of the 1930s in the context of their comprehension of Frank’s works. Semyon Frank was one of the famous Russian émigré thinkers. The article draws attention to important linguistic, cultural, and ideological features inherent in Russian religious philosophy, which might be­come obstacles to Western hermeneutic practices, implicitly emanating from other cultural and value-semantic foundations. The available examples of incom­plete, distorted translation and interpretation by Dutch intellectuals of such a key concept for Russian religious philosophy as “collegiality” are analyzed. It is noted that this concept was perceived in a simplified way, only as a “feeling of connectedness”, which far from fully reflects its content and makes it diffi­cult to build a full-fledged philosophical dialogue. In the philosophy of Semyon Frank, this concept has a much deeper content. According to Semyon Frank the collegiality acts as a historically important construct on which the unity of his­tory is based since this spiritual phenomenon presupposes a supertemporal pri­mordial unity, built on the basis of the common fundamental values of those who lived, who is, living now, and those who are still going to live. Especially, it is emphasized that the analyzed example of an unsuccessful translation of meaning should not be absolutized. Additionally, examples of adequate perception of Se­myon Frank by Western thinkers are provided in the article. It is concluded that the hermeneutic difficulties of Dutch intellectuals are caused primarily by their self-centered philosophical view of the world, which interfered with the adequate comprehension of semantic references present in the work of the Russian philosopher.
A Philosophical Challenge: The Structure and Performance of Interdependent Autonomous Human-Machine Teams and Systems
Authors:   Paine College, Lawless William F.
Published: January 2023

The concept of autonomy in human-machine teams and systems has become in­creasingly important, yet the concept of autonomy remains elusive to researchers and to philosophers; it either evokes non-autonomous swarms under central or a leader’s control, or that the teammates require a level of intelligence as they perform, but today, intelligence does not generalize from independent humans to human-machine systems. However, some researchers locate intelligence not in the individual members of a team, but in the interactions among the members of a team in a system of teams, opening the possibility of computational auto­nomy based on a metric of entropy production. We also know that a team, com­posed of interdependent teammates, is more productive than the same members who work independently; we do not know why, but we suspect offsetting en­tropy production from the complementary parts of a team when a highly interde­pendent team has been formed into a cohesive unit. Interdependence implies state dependency. We explore these concepts briefly and at an introductory level, including the state-dependency models that have achieved great predictive suc­cess in quantum mechanics while at the same time failing to be intuitive or to be­ing open to a philosophical understanding. That highly predictive, state-depen­dent quantum models leave meaning open to interpretation makes these models non-traditional and non-rational, requiring a trial-and-error randomness in these systems and while identifiable by a system’s entropy production, but a challenge for philosophical interpretation.
Consciousness, Culture and Civilization ‘Stem Cell’ (in Commemoration of V.A. Lektorsky’s 90th Anniversary)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov Andrey V.
Published: January 2023

It is culture and society that make it possible for human consciousness to emerge and develop, yet it is human consciousness that gives an impulse to culture and society and sets their guidelines. This inevitable self-reference makes it impossi­ble to define straight cause-and-effect dependence between consciousness, cul­ture and society. Traditionally, the dialectics of individual and collective con­sciousness was supposed to solve the puzzle. In its stead, it is proposed to understand all the three as the unfolding of the same ‘stem cell’, i.e., the ‘what-and-such’ svyaznost’ (connectivity and linkage) that displays itself at every level of consciousness: perception, speech and thought. The ‘what-and-such’ svyaznost’ cannot be further reduced, because the ‘what’ looses its ‘whatness’ without its ‘such’, and its ‘such’ dissolves when not linked to its ‘what’, and at the same time the ‘what’ and ‘such’ stay always distinct and unmerged. The tech­nology of setting the ‘what-and-such’ linkage varies, accounting for the basic variability of human reason. There is a pressing need to scrutinize the archive of non-European big cultures in order to disclose new, hitherto unknown types of reason. This task had been carried out to a large extent in regard to the substance reason (European big culture) and process reason (Arab-Muslim big culture), where fundamental specificity of worldview, language usage and society are set by the specific type of rationality. The perspective of studying the South-Asian and Far-Eastern types of reason is outlined. The detailed definition of the ‘what-and-such’ as the principle of consciousness, culture and society is proposed.
The Civilizational Uniqueness of Russia, Its Fundamental Values and Historical Path: the Ideas of F.M. Dostoevsky
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vorozhikhina Ksenia V.
Published: January 2023

The study of Dostoevsky’s project is in line with the search for a single Russian project of civilizational development, i.e. own model of life structure (form of government, value system, etc.), studying the cultural and civilizational charac­teristics of Russia and understanding the foundations of national identity. The ar­ticle reconstructs the project of the development of Russia, presented in the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky, and in this context the problems of the origin of the state, the secularization of the church, relations between morality and poli­tics, the church and the state, state and church court, Russia and the Western countries, the stages of civilizational development are considered, the concepts of vsechelovecheskoe and universal are analyzed; three levels of understanding of the universal in the writings of the writer are revealed. The study opens up the metaphysical foundations of Dostoevsky’s project, on the basis of which the writer points out the existence of a universal connection between people, and as­serts the need for the integration of humanity on a new basis in the General Syn­thesis. The article reveals the fundamental values of Russian civilization, which, according to the writer, are brotherhood, universality and vsechelovechnost, in­extricably linked with Orthodoxy. The author traces the development of Dosto­evsky’s socio-political and religious-moral ideas in the philosophy of the begin­ning of the 20th century. The socio-philosophical views of Dostoevsky are considered in the context of the ecclesiastical and historiosophical concepts of Aleksey Khomyakov, Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolay Danilevsky, Konstantin Leon­tiev and others. The article concludes about the relevance of the questions posed by Dostoevsky and the solutions proposed by him. It is shown that Dostoevsky’s ideas, being rethought and filled with new content, exist in modern public con­sciousness. The writer offers examples of new ways of human-human, human-social interaction, and interaction between social communities. The ultimate goal of his project is the transformation of the individual and society.
Ideology in Postmodern Time in Russia
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rubtsov Alexander V.
Published: January 2023

In strict texts, the general rhetoric of past and present can acquire certain spe­cific meanings. Their choice is determined by the historical size of events and time intervals. In our case, we can talk about the maximum distances, up to the ideologies of postmodernity and even the search for a way out of post­modernity into the hypothetical perspective of Supernovae. If in the great history of civilization Modern is considered the time of ideologies, then Russia has also turned out to be a globally chosen place for the practical and forceful implemen­tation of total megaprojects. These super-large and revealing works of the ideo­logical introduced Soviet Russia into the category, if not the leaders, of all the life-giving pathos of the New Age and the High Modern in particular. The Russian paradox is the unconditional triumph of Marxism as a state, institu­tionalized worldview, but based on absolute criticism of the ideological one. These features require a consistent distinction between ideology as a system of ideas and a system of institutions. Like the constitution of politics by Carl Schmitt through the binary opposition friend – enemy, ideology is constituted in the opposition faith – knowledge, in the spectrum between almost religion and near philosophy. If the task of philosophy is to reveal the non-obviousness of the allegedly obvious, then the mission of ideology is the manual or mass pro­duction of obviousness. Overcoming narrowly political reductionism opens up ideology in its ultimate expansion, distinguishes between systems of ideas and systems of institutions, as well as formats of shadow, latent, diffuse, penetrating, etc. ideology.
The Scope of Philosophy
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov Andrey V.
Published: January 2023

The key feature of human consciousness is our ability to access and practice svyaznost’ (coherence, connectivity) grounded in tselostnost’ (wholeness). This ability is common to humans and animals in one of its aspects (comprehending the world as an order of things), though animals do not share its other core mani­festations (coherent speech and thought as a practice of svyaznost’). The com­monplace understanding of language as a sign system falls short of grasping the development of svyaznost’ and therefore needs to be reconsidered. Though universal for humans in its unfolded state, svyaznost’ ability may be practiced only in one the few variant versions and never as an invariant universal. Any of its variant versions lays down the foundations of one of the big cultures which are re­flected upon in its philosophical tradition. Plato’s and Aristotle’s teachings mark major milestones of elaborating the substance version of svyaznost’. The founda­tions of Arab-Islamic big culture, its autochthonic philosophy included, were laid down by elaboration of the process version of svyaznost’. Tkachenko paradox (any big culture cannot be described and analyzed using the theoretical means of a different big culture) and Jullien paradox (foundations of any philosophical tra­dition cannot be grounded and justified by the means of that tradition) are ana­lyzed. Only the logic of sense is capable of finding the way around both para­doxes by elaborating on svyaznost’ and tselostnost’ through their variant versions to escape the limits of the initial circle of logical laws and basic categories that form the basis of any philosophic tradition in this or that big culture.
Soteriology of Hindu Tantric Sādhana Part I
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of Man, Herzen University, Pakhomov Sergey V.
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the central aspects of tantric practice (sādhana) related to soteriological issues. Sādhana aims at siddhi as an ideal realization; liberation (mokṣa) is considered the highest siddhi. It is permissible to discern two interre­lated aspects of sadhana, i.e. narrow (specialized) and wide (coinciding with the whole way of life of the follower). Tantric sādhana positions itself as a highly effective tool for human improvement in Kali Yuga. While addressing all people, Tantra at the same time requires the observance of the secret of practice. Leading, as it were, a “double life”, a number of tantric traditions (Śrīvidyā, for example) adapt to the needs of the orthodox Hindu society. Tantric works sometimes report the “lightness” of the spiritual path, which means the acquisition of the highest ideal during the earthly life of the practitioner, but does not mean the ease of the tantric procedures themselves. In general, Hindu Tantrism agrees with general In­dian soteriology that sādhana is a “return” (nivṛtti) process, which is accompanied by an increase of holistic perception of reality. Nevertheless, in Tantrism, nivṛtti and pravṛtti (deployment) are closely related to each other, since they represent different phases of the Śakti’s “game” (B.K. Majumdar), also understood as the divine vibration-spanda. Depending on the level of his development, sādhaka is engaged in exercises either in the spirit of nivṛtti or pravṛtti. The effectiveness of pravṛtti at the final levels of the path is turned against pravṛtti itself. The vari­ability of tantric methods and ethical standards correlate with the level of con­sciousness of the practitioner. The stage of nivṛtti, as it were, models the ultimate state reached by the tantric adept after the end of his spiritual path.
Wisdom and Sages in Tales of Times Now Past
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolyada Maria S. ,   School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: January 2023

Tales of Times Now Past (Konjaku monogatari-shū, 1120s) is the most extensive Japanese didactic tales (setsuwa) compilation, a significant source for explo­ration of medieval Japanese culture. This tales collection consists of more than one thousand stories, in which action takes place in India, China and Japan. The text had been created by highly educated authors mostly for unsophisticated readers, and in the same time it is positioned on the intersection of different reli­gious and literary traditions. In this paper the way how heritage of those tradi­tions is transformed in setsuwa is considered on the example of conception of wisdom. In Konjaku monogatari-shū this conception is multicomponent, has much in common with one in the Chinese classical philosophy and determined by Buddhist world outlook, which was intrinsic for the investigated tale collection. Great variety of characters from all social groups can be described in the Tales like people, who possess the wisdom in one its aspect or another: there are not only famous sages such as Confucius and Zhuang Zhou, prominent Buddhist saints or even Gautama Buddha himself, not only sovereigns and high officials, but also common laity, men and women, children and elderly people. There is a great similarity between concept of “wisdom” in this text and the one of mod­ern Japanese people.
Biographies of Monks in Japanese Buddhist Literature and Konjaku Monogatari-shū
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Babkova Maya V. ,   School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Trubnikova Nadezhda N. ,   Institute for Logic, Cognitive Science and Development of Personality,   School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: January 2023

The tradition of “biographies of eminent monks”, kōsōden, was adopted by Japa­nese Buddhist masters from China and developed in various works, including collections of setsuwa tales. There are three components in monastic biogra­phies: the path of the Buddha, retraced by his follower; the role of the monk in the history of the country; ascetic experience, which allows to assign the monk to one of the categories within the community (exegete of the Buddha teaching, miracle worker, merciful helper to the suffering living beings etс.). The genre of biographies partly overlaps with other genres: tales about miracles and about posthumous retribution; the same story, depending on the context, may shift toward one of these genres. “Genkō Era Buddhist History” (“Genkō Shakusho”, 1322) contains about 400 biographies of monks, which are divided in several categories. What categories turned out to be the most extensive in this text – in particular, the biographies of miracle workers – allows us to make some assumptions about the sources the compiler used or at least took into account. One of these sources was “Anthology of Tales from the Past” (“Konjaku mono­gatari-shū”, 1120s). This collection of setsuwa tales showcases the structure of biographies as they differ from texts of related genres based on several series of examples. In turn, a number of stories included in this collection trace back to “Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra” (“Hokke Genki”, 1040s). A comparison of the two texts shows how, with a change in context, the tale about a miracle can become the tale about of a person who experienced a miracle, that is, acquire the features of a life story.
Ideology in Russia: Past and Present
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Guseynov Abdusalam A.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the general approach and main accents of A.A. Zinoviev in understanding ideology, which is a cross-cutting theme of his sociological and literary work and is specially studied in the monographic works Communism as Reality, The West, The Ideology of the Party of the Future, The Understanding Factor, in journalistic articles On Marxism, Straw for the Drowners, etc. The author shows that Zinoviev reveals the specifics and essence of ideology in its correla­tion with science and opposition to it. Unlike science, which is aimed at knowing reality as it is objectively, in fact, ideology teaches people to look at the world and themselves subjectively, biasedly, its social function is to organize public consciousness, control people through bringing them to some established stan­dard. Ideology should be considered in unity with people, organizations, means that are intended for its production and distribution and together with it consti­tute the ideosphere of society. The ideosphere can include a variety of ideologi­cal differences and, nevertheless, remain a common and integral structural com­ponent of modern society, just as, for example, a state policy can be unified in the presence of different parties.
Christian August Crusius and His Ethics
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Povecherova Anastasia V.
Published: January 2023

Due to the enormous importance of Kantian ethics for the development of the entire Western European philosophy, it is worth asking about the origins of its formation. A possible answer to this question can be the entire German tradition preceding Kant in relation to theoretical and practical philosophical constructions, called the era of the German Enlightenment. Chri­stian Augustus Crusius, one of the brightest philosophers of this time, has long been consid­ered by researchers as a probable source of many later characteristic features of Kant’s moral philosophy. However, there are still very few works devoted to the work of this thinker. In addition, almost all of them are aimed at his polemic with Christian Wolf regarding the law of sufficient reason. Crusius himself is also considered in conjunction with other thinkers of the era of the German Enlightenment. There are practically no detailed studies of moral teaching at all. This state of affairs indicates the undeserved oblivion of Crusius, which is expressed, among other things, in the absence of translations of Crusius into Russian. The article, prefixed to the translation of an important chapter from the treatise on ethics, ex­amines the main features of Crusius’ practical philosophy, highlights common aspects of Cru­sian and Kantian ethics based on the analysis of the texts of both philosophers and the simi­larity of some basic terms, and makes assumptions about the influence. The reasoning is based on the concept of virtue, which both Crusius and Kant accept as central. In addition, the stages in the formation of the ethics of Crusius himself are briefly revealed, the differ­ences from Crusius that allowed Kant to develop his own moral teaching are indicated.
Identification of Actions as a Factor in Attributing Moral Responsibility
Authors:   HSE University, Frolov Konstantin G.
Published: January 2023

In this paper I analyse some theoretical problems with identification of actions as concrete events which possess certain features. I show that the result of such identification can be a significant factor in attributing moral responsibility to an agent. In the first two sections I explore the problem of tracing the boundaries of actions in space and time and the theoreti­cal option that actions can have spatial and temporal parts. In the third section I explore three approaches to what are the features of actions that allow distinguishing them from all other types of events and from each other. Such features can be defined as: the presence of an agent; the presence of a control over agent’s body movements, taking into account their accessible alternatives and their possible consequences; the presence of an agent’s in­tentional state that precedes or accompanies the performance of certain body movements. In the light of these possible factors for identifying actions, in the third part of the article I show the features of internalist and externalist approaches to the concept of action. I draw a conclusion that possession of justification which is required for identifying actions by these approaches turns out to be so problematic in practice, that it makes reasonable to as­sign moral responsibility on the basis of a naive approach that identifies actions with move­ments of the agent’s body.
Epistemic Foundations of Aristotle’s Ethics
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Platonov Roman S.
Published: January 2023

The article sets a goal to show Aristotle’s ethics (as a practical science) has its foundations in the fundamental conceptions of his philosophy, because they describe the process of knowledge, being in general and human as a specific existence. For this purpose the author analyses the concept of “episteme” in Aristotle’s philosophy, define the structure of knowl­edge through the main questions about existence (“what?” and “how?”), and we also show the specifics of the combination of these questions in ethics. We identify the limitations of human cognitive ability and the structure of the object of knowledge, which Aristotle de­scribed through the concepts “potency”, “energy” and “entelechy”. As an object of knowl­edge, a human is revealed through the process of transition from potentially existing to actu­ally existing, while he does not have an actual completion. We make a detailed description of the object of knowledge through the conception of four causes, where the material cause fixes the potentially existing in knowledge, and three other reasons (efficient, formal, final) fix various aspects of its actualization. The description of the object of knowledge through four causes is universal for Aristotle's epistemology and it allows us to describe everything that exists as a global process of expedient change. We show that Aristotle considers the de­velopment of an individual as included in the process of human development. Its internal structure is represented by the concept of the soul, where the interaction of parts of the soul determines the quality of human activity. As a result, these notions are the epistemic founda­tions of ethics as a science, since they determine the subject of its study (human) and reveal his nature as a permanent activity that is included in the generic development and has a purpose in itself.
The development of artificial intelligence and the global crisis of earthly civilization (to the analysis of socio-humanitarian problems)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dubrovsky D.I.
Published: January 2023

The article considers a qualitatively new stage in the development of artificial intelligence (AI), associated with the development of artificial general intelligence (abbreviated as AGI in the international nomenclature – from Artificial General Intelligence). Unlike traditional AI, AGI is significantly closer in its functions to natural intelligence (EI), it will be able to self-learn, solve a wide range of tasks in different environments, i.e. be integral and autonomous. Such a level of “independence” of AGI opens up fundamentally new prospects for the development of information technologies, but at the same time poses many acute socio-humanitarian problems associated with the risks and threats of losing control over the development of AI. The successful development of AGI requires new theoretical and methodological approaches based on the principles of post-nonclassical epistemology and the results of neuroscientific and phenomenological studies of consciousness. It is very important to consider these issues from the angle of the extreme aggravation of the global crisis of world civilization, due to its consumer dominance and efforts to preserve its monopolar structure from the part of the United States and its Western allies. In this regard, a broader, philosophical-anthropological approach is also required to understand the current state of our civilization and the possibilities for its transformation. It involves taking into account what is called the nature of man, as a stable complex of his mental and bodily properties. They were reproduced among all peoples, in all historical epochs, under all social structures, which indicates their biological conditionality. Among them, along with altruistic properties, a number of negative properties can be distinguished (such as unlimited consumerism, aggressiveness towards one’s own kind, excessive egoistic self-will). These characteristic properties of mass consciousness were actively exploited adherents of monopolarity in their interests. Overcoming the principles and practices of monopolarity and thereby changing the global social self-organization is a necessary condition for a truly humanistic stage of anthropotechnological evolution, capable of opening up new existential prospects for the transformation of man and mankind.
The problems of scientific realism today
Authors:   Universidad Panamericana of Mexico City, Agazzi E.
Published: January 2023

The article describes scientific realism and the debate around this position. It shows that initially (in the scholastic tradition) the debate between realists and antirealists was purely ontological, since it was accepted that when we know, we know the real − knowledge cannot be anything other than knowledge of the real. The question about the reality of the object of our knowledge, about whether the world beyond our representations is equal to the world we represent to ourselves, distinguishes modern philosophy from classical philosophy and arises from the claim that we know our representations and not the real. A twofold problem is formed: first, to demonstrate the existence of the world beyond our representations, and second, to demonstrate that that the knowledge we have constitutes precisely the knowledge of the world in which we live and is, in fact, actual knowledge, not chimer. Thus the problem of realism takes on an almost exclusively epistemological meaning. Nevertheless, contemporary realistic positions often confuse ontological and epistemological theses, which leads to internal contradictions. The same is true of the proponents of anti-realist views. The question of the causes of the anti-realistic tendency in the philosophy of science is raised and it is shown that the initial attitude of the modern science was realistic. It was undermined, on the one hand, by anti-realistic interpretations of the cognitive process (starting from Kant), on the other hand, by difficulties of theoretical order arisen in physics, and the main thing was that science began to deal with the unobservable, undermining the cognitive basis of radical empiricism. However, the new cognitive situation does not necessarily lead to anti-realism, another way of development relies on an understanding of the complexity and problematic relationship between theory and experience. A number of reasons in favor of scientific realism are concluded.
THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL LITERACY SKILLS ON IMPROVING TEACHER CREATIVITY
Authors: Zayas Juan David Martinez , Rofi'ah Nurhayati
Published: January 2023

The current education requires a new teaching approach based on digital literacy because today’s students experience different needs based on the technological era. To face this reality, teachers must be creative because technology is changing so fast and students’ digital literacy are more advanced than their educators. A good way how to develop teachers’ creativity is by introducing a digital literacy education program for preservice and in-service teachers from different levels. This research paper is conducted by theoretical research method. Data are collected by a theoretical review technique. Also, this research design is based on a descriptive approach. The study is focused on teachers’ creativity development by increasing digital literacy. Papers related to the topic under study were searched on educational journals.  The main goal of this paper is to find out how digital literacy skills influence educators’ creativity development. Findings show that the use of technology develops various skills such as problem-solving, productivity, collaborative imagination, curiosity, and other factors that increase creativity. Current researchers also find that technology enhances teachers’, motivation, cooperation, and creation.  Overall, children of this age are involved with technology every day, and for them is almost natural to deal with this reality, for this reason, this paper suggests that digital literacy skills must be inculcated in teachers from all levels by different methods to face the reality.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY AND QUESTIONING ABILITY ON SCIENCE LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Syahwati Fitriana , Arif Syaiful
Published: January 2023

Achieving a learning purpose can be measured by learning participants. Learning results are the output of the learning process that learners produce from the learning activities that have been followed. These learning results relate to learners' ability and a supportive and far-reaching learning approach. So it is very important to know between components in the learning result. The scientific literacy approach and the ability to ask questions are key elements in improved learning. The study was intended to identify the impact between scientific literacy and the ability to inquire about the results of studying science at MTs Ngawi. The method of research used was the quantitative study method. The study population is MTS Ngawi with a study sample of 120 respondents from an ix class at kendal's MTS Al-Hidayah and MTsN 3 Ngawi. The study uses a question item test as an instrument for data collection that has been tested as a validity and religious one. The data obtained is analyzed with a quantitative description and statistics using linear mixed regression test analysis, anova, and coefficient determinations (R2). Based on the results of this study, it has been achieved that scientific literacy variables and the ability to ask affect simultaneously the results of studying science in 79% MTs with a regression of 62.824.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ETINTEC STUDENT BOOK (ETHNOSCIENCE-BASED INTERACTIVE TEACHING STUDENT BOOK) AS AN INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA BASED ON THE TYPICAL PONOROGO CULTURE ON ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY MATERIALS
Authors: Munawaroh Zahrotul , Sari Putri Kemala , Pambudi Bagas Setiyo , Ekapti Rahmi Faradisya
Published: January 2023

Science learning is still often considered difficult. But basically, it will feel easy if it is based on interest. Ecology and biodiversity material, which mostly contains theory, requires a strategy to get students interested, namely by associating something around them with that material. Based on this, research was carried out with the aim of developing an interactive student book called the Etintec Student Book on ecology and biodiversity based on the ethnoscience of culture typical of Ponorogo Regency. This research is development research with a modified model from 4D to 3D with stages including defining, designing, and developing. In the define stage, things are found that become a reference for designing innovative products, starting from learning problems to development goals. At the design stage, the Etintec Student Book product was produced including layout design, material preparation (narration, comics, Ponorogo cultural reviews), evaluation preparation consisting of crossword puzzles (TTS), digital evaluation with quizizz (QR Code), and project evaluation. And at the development stage validation was carried out on several learning media experts from science teachers and lecturers with a score of 3.58, meaning that this product can be used with minor improvements. This research can be continued with the field practice test phase and the effectiveness test so that later the Etintec Student Book can be widely used and the dissemination stage can be carried out.
Zakat Program for Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery: Qualitative Approach using Nvivo
Authors: Sunarya Silma Lafifa , Rusydiana Aam Slamet
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to determine the development of research related to the practice of zakat a program for restoring the economy, where zakat is one of the Islamic financial instruments that can break the chain of poverty and build prosperity. Background Problems: The global economic crisis due to COVID-19 has caused concern for the world. Not only that, Covid-19 caused an increased number of mustahik because people have lost their jobs. Novelty: The zakat program can be used solution in post-pandemic economic recovery while maintaining environmental balance Research Methods: The method used qualitative using secondary data in the form of articles published in Dimensions period 1970-2022, then analyzed using Nvivo 12 Plus software. Finding/Results: The findings of this study indicate an increasing trend of research related to zakat as one of the financing instruments in Islamic economics. Of the 500 published articles, most stated the potential of zakat in the economy, both in economic growth, community welfare, and others. Conclusion: This research expects to help expand academic studies related to zakat and economic recovery to achieve sustainable development goals. Further research and how zakat can be a best practice program in restoring the economy is highly recommended.Keywords: Zakat, Covid-19, Economic Recovery, Nvivo 12 Plus
Empowerment edukatif Guru PAUD dalam pembuatan Alat Permainan Edukasi ramah anak inklusi berorientasi SALINGTEMAS
Authors: Negara Tirta Dimas Wahyu , Fauziah Hanin Niswatul
Published: January 2023

This article was written based on the results of training and mentoring activities for PAUD teachers who are members of the IGRA Association (Ikatan Guru Raudhatul Athfal) Ponorogo. Training and mentoring activities are useful for training teachers' abilities in making APE (Educational Game Tools) for inclusive children by prioritizing the Salingtemas approach (science, environment, technology, society). The purpose of this activity is to realize the ideals of quality education for all through inclusive schools. The method used in this activity is ABCD, which begins with mapping IGRA Ponorogo assets. Based on all the stages that have been passed, it can be said that this activity has succeeded in creating APE in accordance with the criteria for inclusive schools. The next conclusion is that IGRA Ponorogo has never received similar training, so that when the activity was carried out, the enthusiasm of the trainees appeared. In the end, it can be said that this activity has succeeded in increasing the knowledge, skills and attitudes of teachers in dealing with children with special needs.
2D Audio-magnetotelluric (Amt) Data Inversion of the Al-jaww Plain Area (Al-ain, United Arab Emirates) for Groundwater Investigations
Authors: Saibi Hakim , Alaran Ahmad , Cherkose Abera Biruk
Published: January 2023

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) lies within the arid climate zone due to its low annual rainfall rates. The country’s freshwater is located primarily in shallow groundwater aquifers. Understanding the depth and extent of such aquifers is an important issue for UAE local governments and environmental agencies to ensure water supply needs are met. The hydrogeological conditions of the UAE are strongly related to its topographic features, which are dominated by a mountain range in neighboring Oman on the eastern margin of the Arabian Platform. Alluvial plains, such as the Al-Jaww Plain (eastern Al-Ain city), are an important potential groundwater source for the Al-Ain region. Al-Jaww Plain is a large, flat area consisting of gravel and sand outwashes from the Al-Hajar Mountains. The main objective of this research is to investigate the study area’s electrical resistivity distribution and locate groundwater aquifers. In this research, the audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) method was applied, with measurements from 10 AMT stations recorded along an 11 km east–west profile in Al-Jaww Plain. The AMT method is a high-resolution, non-seismic geophysical technique that measures variations in the Earth's natural electromagnetic fields to detect subsurface electrical resistivity variations at shallow to intermediate depths. A two-dimensional resistivity inversion model was developed for the AMT data from the east–west profile. This model contains three main geo-electrical layers from the surface to 5 km depth, as follows: (1) a shallow layer with low resistivity (0–15 Ohm.m), representing the groundwater aquifer zone from the ground surface to a 1 km depth, (2) a moderately resistive layer (15–250 Ohm.m) beneath the first layer, and (3) the Hawasina Complex (> 250 Ohm.m) beginning at 2.5 km and extending to 5 km. The results of this study will support local government and water agencies to better manage groundwater resources in Al-Ain in the future.
Evidence for the astrophysics of rotational energy extraction from a supermassive black hole
Authors: Chen Yongyun
Published: January 2023

Theoretical models predict that the power of relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei arises from the spin of the central supermassive black holes. In the Blandford-Znajek mechanism{\cite{blandford77}}, if relativistic jets are powered by a Poynting flux, the jet power of Poynting flux (P$_{B}$) depends on the spin of the supermassive black hole. However, there has been a lack of observational evidence to support this theory.
Here we report an analysis
of archival observations of a sample of supermassive black holes.
We find a significant correlation between the jet power of Poynting flux, as measured through the one-zone leptonic model\cite{Massaro2006, tramacere2009, Tramacere2011, Tramacere2020}, and the spin of supermassive black holes was measured by using X-ray Reflection Spectroscopy\cite{Reynolds2014, Vasudevan2016,Reynolds2019,Reynolds2021}, which is consistent with the theoretical model\cite{blandford77, Ghisellini2006} and numerical simulations{\cite{Koide2002,McKinney2005b, Tanabe2008}}. The jet power of Poynting flux can be explained by BZ mechanism without the need of other jet models. These results provide for the first time observational evidence that the rotational energy extraction from a supermassive black hole enhances the relativistic jets of Poynting flux.
Error Rates of Data Processing Methods in Clinical Research: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Garza Maryam Y. , Williams Tremaine , Ounpraseuth Songthip , Hu Zhuopei , Lee Jeannette , Snowden Jessica , Walden Anita C. , Simon Alan E. , Devlin Lori A. , Young Leslie W. , Zozus Meredith N.
Published: January 2023

Background: Over the last 30 years, empirical assessments of data accuracy in clinical research have been reported in the literature. Although there have been articles summarizing results reported in multiple papers, there has been little synthesis of these results. Further, although notable exceptions exist, little evidence has been obtained regarding the relative accuracy of different data processing methods.
Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify clinical research studies that evaluated the quality of data obtained from data processing methods typically used in clinical research (e.g., medical record abstraction, optical scanning, single-data entry, and double-data entry). A total of 93 papers meeting our inclusion criteria were categorized according to their data processing methods. Quantitative information on data accuracy was abstracted from the articles and pooled. Meta-analysis of single proportions based on an inverse variance method and generalized linear mixed model approach of studies from the literature were used to derive an overall estimate of error rates across data processing methods for comparison.
Results: Review of the literature indicated that the accuracy associated with data processing methods varies widely, with error rates ranging from 2 errors per 10,000 fields to 2,784errors per 10,000 fields. The medical record abstraction process for data acquisition in clinical research was associated with both high and highly variable error rates, with a variability of 3 orders of magnitude in accuracy (70 – 2,784 errors per 10,000 fields). Error rates for data processed with optical methods were comparable to data processed using single-data entry (2 – 358 vs. 4 – 650 per 10,000 fields, respectively). In comparison, double-data entry was associated with the lowest error rates (4 – 33 per 10,000 fields).
Conclusions: Data processing and cleaning methods may explain a significant amount of the variability in data accuracy.