bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lack of pattern of birth in patients with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Vellisca María Y. , Latorre José I. , Santed Miguel A. , Reales José M. , Orejudo Santos , Cañete Miguel
Published: June 2013

Objective

An excess of bulimia nervosa (BN) births during the fall has been recently reported, but this finding has not been yet adequately replicated. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the presence of a seasonal birth pattern in a representative clinical sample of women with BN.

Method

We registered the month of birth of 216 female patients who fulfilled all the criteria for BN according to DSM‐IV on admission to a specialized eating disorders service in Spain.

Results

Our analyses showed no significant variation in the season of birth of our BN sample when compared to a general population.

Discussion

Our data do not support the hypothesis of a season of birth bias in BN. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:690–692)
Sunlight Photolysis of Decamethyltitanocene Dihydrosulfide Affords the Titanium Sulfide Cage Clusters (Cp*Ti)6S8 and (Cp*Ti)4S6
Authors: Gyepes Róbert , Císařová Ivana , Pinkas Jiří , Kubišta Jiří , Horáček Michal , Mach Karel
Published: June 2013

Sunlight photolysis of decamethyltitanocene dihydrosulfide [Cp*2Ti(SH)2] (1, Cp* = η5‐C5Me5) in toluene affords the titanium sulfide clusters [(Cp*Ti)6(μ3‐S)8] (4) and [(Cp*Ti)4(μ3‐S)3(μ2‐S)3] (5), the former in very low yield and the latter in good yield. The crystal structures of both compounds are toluene solvates and are based on a nearly regular titanium octahedron for 4 and a trigonal pyramid for 5. The [(Cp*Ti)3(μ3‐S)(μ2‐S)3] (6) complex isolated in a trace amount from the photolysis of 1 in hexane could be a precursor of 4. A plausible mechanism for the formation of 5 and 6 follows a mechanism recently proposed for photolysis of [Cp*2Ti(OH)2] by U. Rosenthal et al.
Conditional spectrum‐based ground motion selection. Part I: Hazard consistency for risk‐based assessments
Authors: Lin Ting , Haselton Curt B. , Baker Jack W.
Published: June 2013

The conditional spectrum (CS, with mean and variability) is a target response spectrum that links nonlinear dynamic analysis back to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for ground motion selection. The CS is computed on the basis of a specified conditioning period, whereas structures under consideration may be sensitive to response spectral amplitudes at multiple periods of excitation. Questions remain regarding the appropriate choice of conditioning period when utilizing the CS as the target spectrum. This paper focuses on risk‐based assessments, which estimate the annual rate of exceeding a specified structural response amplitude. Seismic hazard analysis, ground motion selection, and nonlinear dynamic analysis are performed, using the conditional spectra with varying conditioning periods, to assess the performance of a 20‐story reinforced concrete frame structure. It is shown here that risk‐based assessments are relatively insensitive to the choice of conditioning period when the ground motions are carefully selected to ensure hazard consistency. This observed insensitivity to the conditioning period comes from the fact that, when CS‐based ground motion selection is used, the distributions of response spectra of the selected ground motions are consistent with the site ground motion hazard curves at all relevant periods; this consistency with the site hazard curves is independent of the conditioning period. The importance of an exact CS (which incorporates multiple causal earthquakes and ground motion prediction models) to achieve the appropriate spectral variability at periods away from the conditioning period is also highlighted. The findings of this paper are expected theoretically but have not been empirically demonstrated previously. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aeolian dynamics over a coastal foredune, Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Hesp Patrick A. , Walker Ian J. , Chapman Connie , Davidson‐Arnott Robin , Bauer Bernard O.
Published: June 2013

Near‐surface airflow over a morphologically simple, vegetated, 8 m high foredune with a small wave‐cut scarp was measured for onshore to oblique‐onshore conditions during a low‐moderate (5–6 m s‐1 ) wind event and a high velocity (11–18 m s‐1) sand‐transporting gale event. Flow across the foredune was characterized by significant flow compression and acceleration up and across the foredune during both events. During the gale, a pronounced jet (speed bulge) developed at the foredune crest, which increased in magnitude with increasing wind speed. The vertical (W) velocity component of the 3D flow field was positive (upwards) across the stoss slope under low wind conditions but negative (downwards) during gale wind conditions, with upslope acceleration. During the low velocity event, there was speed‐down within the vegetation canopy, as would be expected for a porous roughness cover. During the strong wind event there was speed‐up in the lower portion of the vegetation canopy, and this was found up the entire stoss slope. Sediment transport during the gale force event was substantial across the beach and foredune despite the moderate vegetation cover and minimum fetch. Aeolian suspension was evident in the lee of the dune crest. The observations presented herein show that strong storm winds are an effective mechanism for translating sediment landwards across a high vegetated foredune, contributing sediment to the stoss slope, crest and leeward slopes of the foredune and backing dunes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined exposure to cyanobacteria and carbaryl results in antagonistic effects on the reproduction of daphnia pulex
Authors: Asselman Jana , Meys Joris , Waegeman Willem , De Baets Bernard , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C.
Published: June 2013

In aquatic ecosystems, Daphnia are exposed to a wide variety of natural and chemical stressors that can cause interactive effects resulting in an increased impact on aquatic ecosystems. The authors therefore investigated the interactive effects of harmful cyanobacteria (cyanoHABs) with carbaryl in Daphnia pulex, because cyanobacteria have become an important concern for aquatic ecosystems. Daphnia were exposed for 21 d to 4 selected cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Oscillatoria sp), carbaryl, and all binary combinations of carbaryl and each individual cyanobacterium. Results were analyzed with both the independent action and the concentration addition model. The estimated median effect concentration (EC50) for carbaryl was comparable between the experiments, ranging from 2.28 µg/L to 5.94 µg/L. The EC50 for cyanobacteria ranged from 13.45% of the total diet ratio for Microcystis to 66.69% of the diet ratio for Oscillatoria. In combination with carbaryl, the response of Daphnia to 3 of the 4 cyanobacteria demonstrated antagonistic deviation patterns (p < 0.05). Exposure to combinations of carbaryl and Cylindrospermopsis did not result in statistically significant deviations from both reference models. The results may have important implications for pesticide risk assessment, underlining the impact of interactive effects on aquatic organisms. Based on these results, the authors suggest that both the independent action and the concentration addition model can serve as a protective approach in risk assessment of carbaryl in the presence of cyanobacterial blooms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2153–2158. © 2013 SETAC
Optimized sixth‐order monotonicity‐preserving scheme by nonlinear spectral analysis
Authors: Li Xin‐liang , Leng Yan , He Zhi‐wei
Published: June 2013

In this paper, sixth‐order monotonicity‐preserving optimized scheme (OMP6) for the numerical solution of conservation laws is developed on the basis of the dispersion and dissipation optimization and monotonicity‐preserving technique. The nonlinear spectral analysis method is developed and is used for the purpose of minimizing the dispersion errors and controlling the dissipation errors. The new scheme (OMP6) is simple in expression and is easy for use in CFD codes. The suitability and accuracy of this new scheme have been tested through a set of one‐dimensional, two‐dimensional, and three‐dimensional tests, including the one‐dimensional Shu–Osher problem, the two‐dimensional double Mach reflection, and the Rayleigh–Taylor instability problem, and the three‐dimensional direct numerical simulation of decaying compressible isotropic turbulence. All numerical tests show that the new scheme has robust shock capturing capability and high resolution for the small‐scale waves due to fewer numerical dispersion and dissipation errors. Moreover, the new scheme has higher computational efficiency than the well‐used WENO schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Val Fortore State Road 212” – Excavation of tunnels in structurally complex formations / “Staatsstraße 212 Val Fortore” – Tunnelvortrieb in baulich komplexen Formationen
Authors: Cassani Giovanna
Published: June 2013

The arrival of the ADECO‐RS approach in the field of tunnelling made a substantial contribution to the process of industrialising conventional excavation. In this paper, the author illustrates the main issues addressed in the design for the construction of four different tunnels along the new Val Fortore State Road 212 with special regard to face reinforcement and forepoling. The tunnel excavation mainly passes through the clay‐marl and calcareous‐marl flysches of the Lagonegresi Unit (Flysch Rosso) with a shallow overburden (< 15 m), a geological formation particularly suitable for face reinforcement using fibre glass structural elements. A serious face collapse occurred during excavation of the Cerzone Tunnel in September 2008, causing a crater to open at the surface. Works were suspended and a new design for tunnel advance was drawn up according to the ADECO‐RS approach with a substantial review of face reinforcement dimensioning. The new project enabled excavation to resume without difficulty and with limited deformation.

Das Aufkommen der ADECO‐RS‐Methode auf dem Feld des Tunnelvortriebs hat einen wesentlichen Beitrag zum Prozess der Industrialisierung des konventionellen Tunnelvortriebs geleistet. In diesem Beitrag werden die Hauptprobleme beim Entwurf und beim Bau von vier Tunneln entlang der neuen Staatsstraße 212 Val Fortore dargestellt, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ortsbruststützung und der Rohrschirmsicherung. Der Tunnelvortrieb verläuft hauptsächlich in den Ton‐Mergeln und Kalkstein‐Mergeln der Flyschzone der Lagonegrese Einheit (Roter Flysch) mit einer niedrigen Überdeckung (< 15 m), eine geologische Formation, die besonders geeignet ist für eine Ortsbruststützung mit glasfaserverstärkten Verankerungselementen. Bei den Vortriebsarbeiten des Tunnels Cerzone kam es im September 2008 zu einem Ortsbrustversagen, bei dem es zu einem Tagebruch mit einem Krater an der Geländeoberfläche kam. Die Arbeiten wurden unterbrochen und ein neuer Entwurf für den Tunnelvortrieb mit der ADECO‐RS‐Methode erstellt, mit einer grundlegenden Überarbeitung der Dimensionierung der Ortsbruststützung. So wurde eine Fortsetzung des Vortriebs ohne Schwierigkeiten und mit begrenzten Verformungen ermöglicht.
Grouting works at the Gotthard Base Tunnel / Injektionsmaßnahmen am Gotthard‐Basistunnel
Authors: Ehrbar Heinz , Wildbolz Adrian , Priller Anton , Seiler Alfred
Published: June 2013

In long, deep tunnels, it is not possible to completely investigate the ground conditions along the future alignment in advance. Unexpected ground conditions and fault zones thus have to be accepted as residual risks and overcome by suitable measures. This is also the situation at the Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT), which is 57 km long with overburden depths of up to 2.350 m. The main contracts included items for systematic advance probing from the tunnel and provided a catalogue of suitable additional measures. These measures were intended to detect and overcome unforeseen ground conditions.

During the advance of the GBT, grouting measures had to be called on in three cases. In two of these cases, a trapped TBM had to be freed using ground improvement measures (Amsteg West and Faido West). In the south drive of the Sedrun west bore, water inflow into the tunnel had to be reduced to prevent damage to the nearby Nalps dam caused by draining of too much water from the rock mass. The common experience from all three events and the resulting conclusions are described.

The AlpTransit Gotthard AG is the client for the new Gotthard rail axis through the Alps, including the Gotthard und Ceneri Base Tunnels. The company is a subsidiary of Swiss Railways SBB founded in 1998 and employs about 180 employees at the head office in Lucerne and the branch offices in Altdorf, Sedrun, Faido and Bellinzona.

Bei langen, tiefliegenden Tunnelbauwerken ist es mit wirtschaftlich vertretbaren Mitteln nicht möglich, den Baugrund längs der künftigen Achse vorgängig vollständig zu erkunden. Unerwartete Baugrundverhältnisse und Störzonen müssen deshalb als Restrisiko akzeptiert und mit geeigneten Maßnahmen beherrscht werden. Auch beim 57 km langen Gotthard Basistunnel (GBT) mit Überlagerungshöhen bis zu 2.350 m war diese Ausgangslage anzutreffen. In den Werkverträgen der Hauptlose waren systematische Vorauserkundungen aus den Vortrieben und ein Katalog geeigneter Bauhilfsmaßnahmen vorgesehen. Mit diesen Maßnahmen sollten unvorhergesehene Baugrundverhältnisse erkannt und gemeistert werden.

Während des Vortriebs des GBT musste in drei Fällen auf Injektionsmaßnahmen zurückgegriffen werden. In zwei Fällen galt es, eine blockierte TBM mittels gebirgsverbessernden Maßnahmen freizulegen (Amsteg West und Faido West). Im Südvortrieb der Weströhre Sedrun mussten die Wasserzuflüsse zum Tunnel derart reduziert werden, dass eine Beschädigung der nahe gelegenen Bogenstaumauer Nalps, als Folge zu großer Wasserentnahmen aus dem Gebirge, verhindert werden konnte. Die gemeinsamen Erkenntnisse aus allen Ereignissen und die daraus zu ziehenden Schlussfolgerungen werden dargestellt.

Die AlpTransit Gotthard AG ist Bauherrin der neuen Eisenbahn‐Alpentransversale Achse Gotthard mit den Basistunneln am Gotthard und Ceneri. 1998 gegründet, beschäftigt die Tochtergesellschaft der SBB am Hauptsitz in Luzern und an den Außenstellen in Altdorf, Sedrun, Faido und Bellinzona rund 180 Mitarbeitende.
Anatomical coupling among distributed cortical regions in youth varies as a function of individual differences in vocabulary abilities
Authors: Lee Nancy Raitano , Raznahan Armin , Wallace Gregory L. , Alexander‐Bloch Aaron , Clasen Liv S. , Lerch Jason P. , Giedd Jay N.
Published: June 2013

Patient lesion and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have provided convincing evidence that a distributed brain network subserves word knowledge. However, little is known about the structural correlates of this network within the context of typical development and whether anatomical coupling in linguistically relevant regions of cortex varies as a function of vocabulary skill. Here we investigate the association between vocabulary and anatomical coupling in 235 typically developing youth (ages 6–19 years) using structural MRI. The study's primary aim was to evaluate whether higher vocabulary performance was associated with greater vertex‐level cortical thickness covariation in distributed regions of cortex known to be associated with word knowledge. Results indicate that better vocabulary skills are associated with greater anatomical coupling in several linguistically relevant regions of cortex, including the left inferior parietal (temporal‐parietal junction), inferior temporal, middle frontal, and superior frontal gyri and the right inferior frontal and precentral gyri. Furthermore, in high vocabulary scorers, stronger coupling is found among these regions. Thus, complementing patient and fMRI studies, this is the first investigation to highlight the relevance of anatomical covariance within the cortex to vocabulary skills in typically developing youth, further elucidating the distributed nature of neural systems subserving word knowledge. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1885–1895, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal Emotional Distress, Abuse Risk, and Children's Symptoms: Child Gender as a Moderator of Parent Sensitivity as a Mediator
Authors: Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Thomas Rae , Hendrickson Kym , Avdagic Elbina , Webb Haley , McGregor Leanne
Published: June 2013

Mothers' distress is a correlate of their children's elevated behaviour problems and symptoms. Parenting practices have been shown to mediate these associations, but few studies have observed parenting or focused on parents at risk of child abuse. In this study of 269 high‐risk mothers and their young children (M = 4.2 years), structural equation modelling was used to test associations between mothers' distress and child externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Associations were expected to be partly indirect via mothers' observed low sensitivity, and child gender was expected to moderate associations. Also, mothers' child abuse risk was examined as a unique correlate of sensitivity and children's symptoms, and a moderator of associations of distress with sensitivity and symptoms. Associations showed a pattern of gender‐moderated mediation with the link between mothers' distress and internalizing mostly direct for boys, and equally direct and indirect via sensitivity for girls. The association of mothers' distress with externalizing was mostly direct for boys and girls. Mothers' child abuse risk was not uniquely associated with sensitivity or symptoms and did not moderate any associations. There were no differences in model paths between mothers referred from child welfare/mental health compared with other sources or self‐referred. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A STOCHASTIC APPROACH TO ANALYSE WATER MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS AT THE RIVER BASIN LEVEL
Authors: Mu Jianxin , Khan Shahbaz , Liu Qunchang , Xu Di , Xu Jingdong , Wang Wenhao
Published: June 2013

Quantitative analysis techniques have gained a great deal of popularity with decision‐makers and analysts in recent years, and this is also the case in the hydrology sector. In this paper, the Basin‐wide Holistic Integrated Water Assessment (BHIWA) model developed by the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) was updated by the author to simulate the water balance of the Yellow River Basin in China, as well as to analyse the impacts of land and water use on return flows of this basin under past (1980), present (2000), and future (2030 and 2050) conditions. Stochastic analysis was then carried out using the Monte Carlo simulation method, by randomly selecting sets of values for the probability distributions in the cell values and formulas to quantify the risks in terms of water quantity and quality resulting from return flow. The model amply demonstrates the serious water shortage situation in the future. Developing the strategy of water‐saving measures would greatly enhance the efficiency of irrigation water use, and decrease water withdrawal for irrigation. In addition to this, a possible opportunity to transfer water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River also came to light. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposed Guidelines for Operating Counselor Education and Supervision Training Clinics
Authors: Lauka Justin D. , McCarthy Amanda K.
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this article is to justify and present a set of guidelines for the effective and ethical administration of counselor education and supervision training clinics. Responding directly to a call for creating guidelines, the authors address core issues surrounding their development. Benefits for clear and accessible guidelines and risks associated with their absence are covered. Drawing upon existing contributions from the field and related professions, guidelines are proposed along with a plan for their approval and implementation in counselor education training clinics.
Evaluating FOCUS‐2's Effectiveness in Enhancing First‐Year College Students’ Social Cognitive Career Development
Authors: Tirpak David M. , Schlosser Lewis Z.
Published: June 2013

This study examined the effectiveness of the computer‐assisted career guidance system, FOCUS‐2, on 1st‐year college students’ social cognitive career development. Specifically, the authors assessed career decision self‐efficacy (CDSE) and assessment of attributions for career decision making (AACDM) using repeated measures analyses of variance with a sample of 1st‐year college students (N= 420). Effectiveness was measured as a change in participants’ CDSE and AACDM scores from pretest to posttest. Results demonstrated that participants’ interaction with FOCUS‐2 was associated with increases in participants’ CDSE and alteration to a less optimistic style for AACDM. Gender, race, academic major status, and the amount of time using FOCUS‐2 were also considered. Implications for practice are explored.
An Emergent Phenomenon of American Indian Secondary Students’ Career Development Process
Authors: Flynn Stephen V. , Duncan Kelly J. , Evenson Lori L.
Published: June 2013

Nine single‐race American Indian secondary students’ career development experiences were examined through a phenomenological methodology. All 9 participants were in the transition period starting in late secondary school (age 18). Data sources included individual interviews and journal analysis. The phenomenon of American Indian secondary students’ career development process comprised 7 themes, which were integrated into 3 interacting dimensions: introspective, relational, and contextual. Findings reveal unique career development processes for American Indian secondary students living in tribal settings, including career decision process, career options, outcome expectations, and self‐efficacy. Implications for school counselors and counselor educators are discussed.
Academic Support Services and Career Decision‐Making Self‐Efficacy in Student Athletes
Authors: Burns Gary N. , Jasinski Dale , Dunn Steve , Fletcher Duncan
Published: June 2013

This study examined the relationship between evaluations of academic support services and student athletes’ career decision‐making self‐efficacy. One hundred and fifty‐eight NCAA athletes (68% male) from 11 Division I teams completed measures of satisfaction with their academic support services, career decision‐making self‐efficacy, general self‐efficacy, and locus of control. Results indicated that evaluations of academic support services were positively related to levels of career decision‐making self‐efficacy. In addition, this relationship was moderated such that student athletes with lower levels of general self‐efficacy and internal locus of control benefited more from positive experiences with academic support services. Limitations and implications are discussed.
The NOICC/SOICC Network: Policy, Programs, and Partners, 1976–2000
Authors: Lester Juliette N. , Woods James , Carlson Burton L.
Published: June 2013

This historical and reflective account of the National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee's (NOICC) and the State Occupational Information Coordinating Committees’ (SOICCs) significant development of a national infrastructure that shaped career development policy, practice, and training from 1976 to 2000 offers key lessons for future development practice and potential in the United States and beyond. The establishment of the NOICC/SOICC network marked a turning point in the systematic development and delivery of standardized occupational information and supporting resources designed to meet the needs of career development, education and training program design, and employer information requirements. NOICC's core occupational information activities and national career development guidelines and programs are discussed. Public policy that supports career information and counseling services is suggested.
Identification of workplace dress by low‐income job seekers
Authors: Saiki Diana
Published: June 2013

The author examined how low‐income job seekers participating in a workplace dress program identified traditional business and business casual dress. Seventy low‐income job seekers identified clothing items as traditional business (e.g., suits, ties), similar to identifications made by professionals and image consultants in previous literature. Garments selected as business casual varied than did selections for traditional business. Garments identified as casual business varied from preprogram to postprogram, whereas selections for traditional business remained relatively stable. The results suggest a need to clarify the parameters of business casual in workplace dress programming and future research.
Psychological components of responses to interest inventory items
Authors: Thiébaut Eric
Published: June 2013

This study tests the relevance of 10 psychological traits that are assumed to exemplify responses to the items of INFORIZON, an occupational interest inventory. To accomplish this goal, the author analyzed the responses to the interest items based on a sample of 824 participants (17–25 years old), with an assessment of the items based on psychological traits using another French sample (147 participants) in the same age category. The results of multiple linear regression analyses supported most of the hypotheses presented in this study.
Acceleration of peripheral nerve regeneration using nerve conduits in combination with induced pluripotent stem cell technology and a basic fibroblast growth factor drug delivery system
Authors: Ikeda Mikinori , Uemura Takuya , Takamatsu Kiyohito , Okada Mitsuhiro , Kazuki Kenichi , Tabata Yasuhiko , Ikada Yoshito , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: June 2013

Various modifications including addition of Schwann cells or incorporation of growth factors with bioabsorbable nerve conduits have been explored as options for peripheral nerve repair. However, no reports of nerve conduits containing both supportive cells and growth factors have been published as a regenerative therapy for peripheral nerves. In the present study, sciatic nerve gaps in mice were reconstructed in the following groups: nerve conduit alone (control group), nerve conduit coated with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSc)‐derived neurospheres (iPSc group), nerve conduit coated with iPSc‐derived neurospheres and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)‐incorporated gelatin microspheres (iPSc + bFGF group), and autograft. The fastest functional recovery and the greatest axon regeneration occurred in the autograft group, followed in order by the iPSc + bFGF group, iPSc group, and control group until 12 weeks after reconstruction. Thus, peripheral nerve regeneration using nerve conduits and functional recovery in mice was accelerated by a combination of iPSc‐derived neurospheres and a bFGF drug delivery system. The combination of all three fundamental methodologies, iPSc technology for supportive cells, bioabsorbable nerve conduits for scaffolds, and a bFGF drug delivery system for growth factors, was essential for peripheral nerve regenerative therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1370–1378, 2014.
The use of a polycaprolactone–tricalcium phosphate scaffold for bone regeneration of tooth socket facial wall defects and simultaneous immediate dental implant placement in Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Goh Bee Tin , Chanchareonsook Nattharee , Tideman Henk , Teoh Swee Hin , Chow James Kwok Fai , Jansen John A.
Published: June 2013

Bone regeneration and aesthetic outcomes may be compromised when immediate implants are placed at extraction sites with dehiscence defects. The aim of this study was to compare, in a monkey model, peri‐implant bone regeneration and implant stability after immediate implant placement into tooth sockets with facial wall defects in two treatment groups. In eight control monkeys, the bony defect was reconstructed with autogenous particulate bone, whereas in 10 test monkeys a polycaprolactone–tricalcium phosphate (PCL–TCP) scaffold was used. The monkeys were sacrificed after 6 months and the specimens were analyzed by histology and histomorphometry. Better maintenance of facial bone contour was noted in the test group; however, bone regeneration was seen only at areas adjacent to a bony wall of the defect. The mean bone‐to‐implant contact was 27.6 ± 19.1% (control group) versus 6.8 ± 7.9% (test group). The mean bone area percentage was 11.8 ± 10.1% (control group) versus 6.8 ± 6.9% (test group). Implant survival was 100% at 6 months for both the groups. It was concluded that although the use of a PCL–TCP scaffold showed better maintenance of the alveolar contour as compared to autogenous particulate bone at 6 months, there was minimal bone regeneration within the defect. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1379–1388, 2014.
Heparin functionalized polyaspartamide/polyester scaffold for potential blood vessel regeneration
Authors: Pitarresi Giovanna , Fiorica Calogero , Palumbo Fabio Salvatore , Rigogliuso Salvatrice , Ghersi Giulio , Giammona Gaetano
Published: June 2013

An interesting issue in tissue engineering is the development of a biodegradable vascular graft able to substitute a blood vessel and to allow its complete regeneration. Here, we report a new scaffold potentially useful as a synthetic vascular graft, produced through the electrospinning of α,β‐poly(N‐2‐hydroxyethyl) (2‐aminoethylcarbamate)‐d,l‐aspartamide‐graft‐polylactic acid (PHEA‐EDA‐g‐PLA) in the presence of polycaprolactone (PCL). The scaffold degradation profile has been evaluated as well as the possibility to bind heparin to electrospun fibers, being it a known anticoagulant molecule able to bind growth factors. In vitro cell compatibility has been investigated using human vascular endothelial cells (ECV 304) and the ability of heparinized PHEA‐EDA‐g‐PLA/PCL scaffold to retain basic fibroblast growth factor has been evaluated in comparison with not heparinized sample. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1334–1341, 2014.
Surface hydride on titanium by cathodic polarization promotes human gingival fibroblast growth
Authors: Xing Rui , Salou Laëtitia , Taxt‐Lamolle Sébastien , Reseland Janne E. , Lyngstadaas Ståle P. , Haugen Håvard J.
Published: June 2013

Connective tissue seal to dental abutment is crucial for peri‐implant health. Several efforts have been made previously to optimize abutment surfaces, but no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal surface architecture and/or composition for soft tissue seal. Here, we report on experiments using cathodic polarization in organic acids to optimize titanium (Ti) surfaces for use as abutments. The three main factors affecting surface topography and chemistry were electrolyte composition, current density, and polarization time. Under identical conditions, oxalic acid created rougher surfaces than tartaric acid and acetic acid, and acetic acid produced more surface hydride. Surface hydride amount was suggested to first increase and then decrease with current density from 1 mA/cm2 to 15 mA/cm2. The complexity of the surface topography and hydride production both increased with polarization time. Proliferation rate of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was positively correlated with surface hydride content, suggesting the positive effect of surface hydride on connective tissue growth around dental abutment. Changes in surface topography and hydrophilicity did not significantly influence HGF growth. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1389–1398, 2014.
Comments on Structural Types of Toroidal Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chuang Chern , Fan Yuan‐Chia , Jin Bih‐Yaw
Published: June 2013

We clarify the relationships between the eight structural types of toroidal carbon nanotubes (TCNTs), which can be identified as the eight corners of a cube of structural transformation. The four families with Dnh symmetry can be related by rim rotations, and the same is true for those with Dnd symmetries. These two sets are then connected by horizontal shifts, thereby completing the cube. Moreover, we further point out that there are five more highly symmetric Dnh structural types that can be derived from performing the generalized Stone‐Wales transformation on TCNTs with Dnh structural types.
An Efficient Synthesis of 5,6‐Dimethoxy 1‐ and 2‐Naphthols via Teuber Reaction
Authors: Cui Jia‐hua , Li Shao‐shun
Published: June 2013

Based on the oxidation of 1,5‐naphthalenediol (4) and 6‐bromo‐2‐naphthol (9) via Teuber reaction, an efficient synthesis of 5,6‐dimethoxy‐1‐naphthol (1) and 5,6‐dimethoxy‐2‐naphthol (2) was achieved with high overall yield (16% for 1 and 25% for 2). The key steps of the synthetic strategy involved the oxidation of naphthols (4 and 9) to the corresponding naphthoquinones (5 and 10) and the conversion of 5,6‐dimethoxy‐2‐naphthaldehyde to 5,6‐dimethoxy‐2‐naphthol formate through Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation‐rearrangement.
SEM studies on immature stages of the drone flies (diptera, syrphidae): Eristalis similis (Fallen, 1817) and Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Pérez‐Bañón Celeste , Hurtado Pilar , García‐Gras Elena , Rojo Santos
Published: June 2013

Adult drone flies (Syrphidae: Eristalis spp.) resemble male honeybees in appearance. Their immature stages are commonly known as rat‐tailed maggots due to the presence of a very long anal segment and a telescopic breathing tube. The larvae are associated with decaying organic material in liquid or semi‐liquid media, as in the case of other saprophagous eristalines. Biological and morphological data were obtained from both laboratory cultures and sampling in the field. Drone flies are important pollinators for wild flowers and crops. In fact, mass rearing protocols of Eristalis species are being developed to be used as efficient alternative pollinators. However, deeper knowledge of larval morphology and biology is required to improve artificial rearing. The production quality control of artificial rearing must manage the consistency and reliability of the production output avoiding, for example contamination with similar species. This article presents the first description of the larva and puparium of E. similis, including a comparative morphological study of preimaginal stages of the anthropophilic and ubiquitous European hoverfly species E. tenax. Scanning electron microscopy has been used for the first time to describe larvae and puparia of both species. Moreover, the preimaginal morphology of E. similis has been compared with all known descriptions of the genus Eristalis. The main diagnostic characters of the preimaginal stages of E. similis are the morphology of the anterior spiracles (shape of clear area and arrangement of facets) and pupal spiracles (length, shape, and arrangement of tubercles). Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:853–861, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deriving electromagnetic radial diffusion coefficients of radiation belt equatorial particles for different levels of magnetic activity based on magnetic field measurements at geostationary orbit
Authors: Lejosne Solène , Boscher Daniel , Maget Vincent , Rolland Guy
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we show that the correlation that exists between magnetic variations and induced electric fields through Faraday's law is of prime importance for adequately characterizing electromagnetic radial diffusion. Accordingly, we present an approach to derive electromagnetic radial diffusion coefficients based on magnetic field measurements at geostationary orbit. It consists of setting a very simple theoretical electromagnetic field model, considering the magnetic field as a background dipolar field on which two small time disturbances are superimposed: a symmetric disturbance and an asymmetric disturbance. Within this framework, electromagnetic radial diffusion is quantified analytically, taking into account both induced electric and magnetic contributions. The role played by the time variations of the field asymmetry is highlighted. From this, we deduce instantaneous field asymmetries from measurements of the magnetic field at the same time in two different places of the geostationary orbit. Then, we perform a statistical analysis of the time variations of this signal based on more than 7 years of data from the NOAA‐GOES 8, NOAA‐GOES 10, and NOAA‐GOES 12 spacecraft, working with time resolutions of 1 and 5 min. We show that the asymmetry signal is not stationary, having time‐dependent statistical properties, and we question accordingly the standard formulation of the electromagnetic radial diffusion coefficient and the role of drift‐resonant interactions. Finally, we provide new electromagnetic radial diffusion coefficients at geostationary orbit as a function of electron kinetic energy and Kp index from 0 to 4.
On the noise limit of stress and temperature measurements with micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: van Spengen W. Merlijn , Roca Joan Belles
Published: June 2013

We report for the first time on the thorough experimental and theoretical assessment of the noise limit of mechanical stress and temperature measurements with micro‐Raman spectroscopy. A comprehensive study has been performed in which, for different incident laser light intensities and acquisition times, 1000 Raman spectra of mono‐crystalline silicon were acquired per setting. Curve fitting was employed to obtain the peak positions of all the spectra, from which the standard deviations of the measured peak positions were obtained versus the total accumulated amount of laser light incident on the sample during one measurement.

It has been found that the noise in the obtained peak position decreases as 1/sqrt(n) over more than three decades of the incident amount of laser light. At very low light conditions, the noise decreases as 1/n. By comparing the experimental results obtained to recent theoretical work, we show that the acquisition is limited by photon shot noise over most of the range and is limited by electronic detector noise at very low light conditions only. Pixelation errors do not play a role.

It is concluded that the low electronic noise of typical Raman spectroscope detectors is overkill for the investigation of mechanical stress and temperature in silicon and other materials with comparable peaks, as it has absolutely no influence on the noise level of such an experiment. Maximum Raman signal intensity on the detector and high quantum efficiency detection are more important. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on paint cross sections of a glass painting by using FT‐IR and Raman microspectroscopy supported by univariate and hierarchical cluster analyses
Authors: Staniszewska Emilia , Malek Kamilla , Kaszowska Zofia
Published: June 2013

Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and Raman spectroscopy is used for the non‐destructive analysis of painting materials and ageing compounds in micrometric cross sections of a glass painting. The combination of both techniques in conjunction with imaging/mapping function provides the spatial distribution of chemical components identified in vibrational spectra. The aim of our work is to show the applicability of the FT‐Raman mapping technique in the detection of painting materials. We also compare Raman information gained by using two laser excitations at 532 and 1064 nm implemented in microspectrometers with different confocality and spatial resolution. In turn among FT‐IR imaging techniques, we compare chemical images recorded in external reflection and attenuated total reflection modes that give chemical images of different size and spatial resolution. Our FT‐IR and Raman imaging characterize a number of painting materials such as pigments, binders, fillers as well as degradation products. Raman maps are constructed by using the univariate analysis. In turn, a profile of IR images requires the use of a more complex methodology. Here, we compare FT‐IR images of the painting cross sections obtained by using the univariate and hierarchical cluster analysis. We clearly show that the multivariate approach is a powerful tool for the credible construction of IR images, providing the relevant chemical information on the multicomponent stratigraphy of the samples. Moreover, the combination of all the methods allows us to demonstrate their degree of utility for the study on the paint cross sections of the works of art. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MiRNA‐199a‐3p: A potential circulating diagnostic biomarker for early gastric cancer
Authors: Li Chen , Li Jian Fang , Cai Qu , Qiu Qing Qing , Yan Min , Liu Bing Ya , Zhu Zheng Gang
Published: June 2013

Background

Tumor‐associated miRNAs have been detected in serum or plasma. We investigated whether plasma miRNA‐199a‐3p could be a potential circulating biomarker for early gastric cancer (EGC).

Methods

By using real‐time qRT‐PCR, the expression of miRNA‐199a‐3p were compared between these pre‐operative plasmas from 30 EGC patients and 70 healthy controls, and between these pre‐operative and post‐operative plasmas. Further validation was on an independent set of plasmas from 50 EGC patients.

Results

The expression of miRNA‐199a‐3p (47.5 ± 6.5) in plasma in EGC patients was significantly higher than that from healthy controls (13.9 ± 2.7, P < 0.001) and gastric precancerous diseases (GPD) patients (19.2 ± 2.5, P = 0.004), respectively. Furthermore, the expression levels of miRNA‐199a‐3p (11.8 ± 2.9, P = 0.012) in the post‐operative plasmas were significantly reduced when compared to the pre‐operative plasmas. With respect of clinicopathological characteristics, the expression of miRNA‐199a‐3p in plasma was not associated with the depth of tumor invasion. Moreover, the AUC of the expression of miRNA‐199a‐3p in plasma for EGC diagnosis was 0.818, which was significantly higher than that of combined tumor markers (0.556). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of miRNA‐199a‐3p expression in plasma for EGC diagnosis were 76%, 74%, and 75%, respectively.

Conclusions

Plasma miRNA‐199a‐3p could be a novel potential diagnostic biomarkers for EGC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:89–92. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hospital‐acquired conditions in head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Kochhar Amit , Pronovost Peter J. , Gourin Christine G.
Published: June 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has identified 10 hospital‐acquired conditions (HACs) for which they will not reimburse care. We sought to determine the incidence of HACs in head and neck cancer (HNCA) surgery and the association with in‐hospital mortality, complications, length of hospitalization, and costs.

Study Design

Retrospective cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 123,662 patients who underwent an ablative procedure for a malignant oral cavity, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal neoplasm during 2001–2008 were analyzed using cross‐tabulations and multivariate regression modeling.

Results

HACs occurred in <1% of cases, with vascular catheter‐associated infection comprising >70% of all HACs. The occurrence of HACs was significantly associated with urgent or emergent admission (odds ratio [OR]=2.0, P=.004), major surgical procedures (OR=2.3, P<.001), flap reconstruction (OR=3.5, P<.001), and advanced comorbidity (OR=2.0, P<.001). There was no association between HACs and hospital size, location, ownership, volume status, or safety‐net burden. HACs were significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality (OR=3.8, P=.001), surgical complications (OR=4.9, P<.001), and medical complications (OR=5.6, P<.001). After controlling for all other variables, HACs were associated with significantly increased length of hospitalization and hospital‐related costs, with vascular catheter‐associated infection and foreign object after surgery associated with the greatest increase in length of stay and costs.

Conclusions

HACs are uncommon events in HNCA surgical patients. Because prediction of HACs is poor and the potential for human error crosses demographic, geographic, and structural boundaries, universal innovative measures to reduce the occurrence of HACs are needed.

Level of Evidence

2c. Laryngoscope, 2013
Lipidomics applications in health, disease and nutrition research
Authors: Murphy Sharon A. , Nicolaou Anna
Published: June 2013

The structural and functional diversity of lipids accounts for their involvement into a wide range of homeostatic processes and disease states, including lifestyle‐related diseases as well as genetic conditions. Challenges presented by this diversity have been addressed to a great extent by the development of lipidomics, a platform that makes possible the detailed profiling and characterisation of lipid species present in any cell, organelle, tissue or body fluid, and allows for a wider appreciation of the biological role of lipid networks. Progress in the field of lipidomics has been greatly facilitated by recent advances in MS and includes a range of analytical platforms supporting applications spanning from qualitative and quantitative assessment of multiple species to lipid imaging. Here we review these MS techniques currently in routine use in lipidomics, alongside with new ones that have started making an impact in the field. Recent applications in health, disease and nutrition‐related questions will also be discussed with a view to convey the importance of lipidomics contributions to biosciences and food technology.
Grain market deregulation: a case study of the Canadian and Australian wheat boards
Authors: Boaitey Albert
Published: June 2013

The recent deregulation in Canada's grain marketing sector with the resultant removal of the Canadian Wheat Board's single‐desk status presents a useful case for policy and institutional analysis. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the Canadian case using deregulation in Australia as a reference. Case studies of deregulation in the two countries are presented, and the different approaches are compared. This is to predict the likely trajectory along which the Canadian Wheat Board may evolve. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do good, goes bad, gets ugly: Kony 2012
Authors: Bal Anjali S. , Archer‐Brown Chris , Robson Karen , Hall Daniel E.
Published: June 2013

With millions of videos with different messages uploaded per year, companies are increasingly looking for means of making their messages stand against competitors. A theory of viral marketing is used to analyze and understand the spread of—and reactions to—a controversial political mega‐viral video, Kony 2012. Through this analysis, policy makers and marketers could gain a better understanding of how they can use mediums such as YouTube to extend their messages. Kony 2012 concerns the highly publicized leader of a Ugandan guerrilla group, Joseph Kony. The video was a call to action and an attempt to educate the world about the atrocities committed in Sudan. The video was made by an organization called the Invisible Children and created by filmmaker Jason Russell. Following the extraordinary success of Kony 2012, Jason Russell was infamously arrested in San Diego for indecent exposure. The story and video of Russell's arrest and breakdown similarly went viral. The framework that follows analyzes the virality of a political video and the downfall of its creator. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.