bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crop Production and Pesticide Use: Has Ghana Overlooked the Obvious on Health?
Authors: Bolfrey-Arku Grace , Haleegoah Joyce , Arthur Stephen
Published: October 2024

Vegetables and cereals, besides health benefits, are of significant socio-economic importance in Ghana, because, the whole production process provides employment for both rural and urban dwellers. Unfortunately, the high prevalence of pests (weeds inclusive) and disease complexes, associated with them, inflict significant economic damage on field and storage, if not properly managed. This review purposed to document challenges from pesticide use and suggest perspective recommendations for mitigation. Information was sourced from published journal articles, technical and annual reports (Research Extension Farmer Linkage Committee (RELC), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, Ghana), and Institutions), the authors’ observations and personal communication with farmers, agricultural extension agents and other experts. The review analysis indicated over 80% of farmers use pesticides, particularly on high-value cash vegetable and cereal crops; and also to alleviate human labour constraints. Challenges such as pesticide resistance, increasing incidence of existing pests and diseases, or the manifestation of new pests and diseases due to climate change or continuous cropping among others were evident, prompting shifts to increased pesticide use for management and also for desired profit. Highlights on concerns for the insatiable quest for pests and disease control by chemical means, consequently increased reports on dangers of continuous pesticide use on human and public health, the environment and the economy. This research revealed that a minimal understanding of the use and application of pesticides contributed to the non-intended effects on health and the environment. Hopefully, the identified gaps and recommendations if properly addressed by policy would significantly enhance quality production systems for global trade and protect local consumers. State the contribution of this study to scholarship.

Keywords: Vegetable Crop Production, Pesticide Use, Contamination, Pesticide Residue, Public Health
An Evaluation of the Experience and Challenges Faced in Online Learning by Undergraduate Students at the National Open University of Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Deborah Chidubem
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study aimed to evaluate the experiences and main obstacles faced by undergraduate students at the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) in the current online learning environment. Unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted to gather information from a selected sample of undergraduate students at NOUN. To overcome language barriers and encourage open communication, questions were asked in both Yoruba and English, and responses were accurately recorded in English. The transcription process involved preserving and compiling the recorded audio, while feedback from face-to-face interviews was collected using the “Rev voice recorder” app, which facilitated the direct ordering of interview transcripts. Thematic content analysis was utilized to analyze the responses and address the research questions. The results of the study indicated that despite the numerous benefits, NOUN undergraduate students still have negative views towards online education, which could affect the sustainability of the school. In addition to this, students face challenges such as inadequate power supply, poor internet connectivity, costly ICT resources, insufficient staffing, and low staff motivation in the online learning environment. The study’s recommendations for improving the NOUN programme included providing students with access to the university’s internet, ensuring good electrification, offering financial assistance for ICT equipment, increasing staff numbers, and providing training or retraining opportunities for current staff members. This study contributes to existing knowledge by highlighting the challenges faced by undergraduate NOUN students in online learning, underscoring potential implications for the institution’s future.

Keywords: Learning experiences, National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), online learning environment, undergraduate students
Digital Literacies of Report 191 Programme Pre-entry Level Students at a Technical and Vocational Education and Training College in South Africa
Authors: Buthelezi Michael Mbongiseni , Hlalele Dipane Joseph , Dhlamini Ntokozo Mazwikayise
Published: October 2024

Grounded on connectivism learning theory, the current study concedes that beyond the phases of the digital divide, research has shown that there is still a digital literacy gap among Report 191 programme pre-entry level technical and vocational education and training (TVET) college students that require attention. While TVET college students are expected to possess digital skills, research has indicated that on reaching TVET Colleges, many students do not possess the requisite digital literacies. Using a survey design, this quantitative study explored digital literacies amongst Report 191 programme pre-entry level students at a TVET college in South Africa. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22). With a Cronbach Alpha value of 7.6, the instrument was considered valid and reliable. The findings suggested the prevalence of an uneven/diverse digital literacy prowess among Report 191 programme pre-entry level students. Researchers recommended a focused and differentiated programme of digital literacy support for Report 191 programme pre-entry level students at TVET colleges. This study will help all TVET lecturers and policymakers start to acknowledge how ubiquitous digital literacy skills are becoming in educational settings, not just technological ones.

Keywords: Digital Literacy, Internet Access, Pre-Entry Level Students, Report 191 Programme, Technological Devices, TVET
Geographical distance, cultural differences and digitalization
Authors: Petar Saša , Kukec Ljiljana , Turković Esad
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of geographical distance,cultural differences, and digitalization on the internationalization ofCroatian franchise businesses, incorporating a thorough analysis basedon the 2022 Global Market Potential Index. Covering 97 countries, theresearch specifically focuses on 22 European Union nations, which areevaluated for their potential to expand franchising operations. Theanalysis delves into various dimensions, including market potentials,geographical proximity, and the degree of digitalization, withparticular emphasis on access to digital public services.Notable findings highlight those countries like Ireland, Germany,Switzerland, and the Netherlands, with their robust market sizes,significant trade volumes, and high economic growth, rank amongthe top ten on the global index. This underscores the substantialimpact of the European market on the franchising internationalizationprocesses, with ten EU countries featuring prominently among the toptwenty positions.The study also discusses the positioning of Germany, Ireland, andBelgium at the top of the list, contrasting with countries such asBulgaria, Greece, and Latvia, which exhibit lower potential forfranchising expansion. The proximity of markets like Serbia, Bosniaand Herzegovina, and North Macedonia is recognized; however,these countries are not extensively analyzed due to their geographicalcloseness and presumed familiarity to Croatian entrepreneurs, whichposes fewer challenges in market expansion decisions.To facilitate informed decision-making in the internationalizationprocess, this paper extends the analysis to include cultural factors,geographical distances, and the level of digitalization in target markets.
Employees’ perception of supervisors’ interest in their professional development in financial institutions in the republic of Croatia
Authors: Soldo Sara , Šimić Marijana , Plećeš Mihael
Published: October 2024

Organizations today need leaders who understand the complexities of a rapidly growing and changing business environment. The subject of this research is employees’ attitudes on the interest of their superiors in their professional development in financial institutions in the Republic of Croatia. The objective of the study is to explain the attitudes of employees of financial institutions in the Republic of Croatia about the interest of their superiors in their professional development. The survey was conducted online. The sample size is 3141 respondents/ employees. The hypothesis “There is an interest of superiors in the personal and professional development of subordinates” is to be rejected. The obtained results show that in the financial industry in Croatia, employees find that superiors have no interest in their professional development. Through further analysis, research results provide differences in the respondents’ attitudes about the interest of their superiors in the professional development of employees in financial institutions. The interpretations are explanations of why certain groups of examinees have the attitudes they expressed, which represents the objective of the research.
Epilogue
Authors: Jones Phil
Published: October 2024

The book’s epilogue describes, very briefly, other modernist and post-modernist perspectives on Johnson, demonstrating, not only the extent and diversity of response, but also demonstrating how the re-imagining of Johnson has remained an ongoing engagement. The list of writers considered, ranging from Virginia Woolf to Vladimir Nabokov and David Ferry, includes more recent authors, who have echoed but also diverged from previous readings of Johnson, enabling wider questions of race, identity and nationality to be addressed.
Isaac the Performer
Authors: Thorp Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Between 1670 and 1672 Isaac danced in comédie-ballets by Molière and Lully in Paris, both at the court premieres and in the Palais Royal theatre. In doing so, he worked alongside the leading French dancers Pierre Beauchamps, Anne-Louis Lestang, Adrian Merger de Saint-André, and others. His roles in Les Amants Magnifiques, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, and Le Ballet des Ballets indicate that he possessed skills in serious, grotesque and character dancing. It was probably King Charles II’s favourite son James, Duke of Monmouth, who encouraged Isaac to come to London in 1672 and dance several roles in his own masque for which the royal tailor’s bill for the costumes survives. In 1675 Isaac danced in the court masque Calisto at Whitehall Palace, in a cast which included Monmouth and the royal princesses Mary and Anne as well as some of Isaac’s former colleagues from Paris.
“Engraven in Characters and Figures for the Use of Masters”
Authors: Thorp Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Twenty-two Isaac dances survive, all but one solo being danced duets. All were notated during his lifetime in the French system known as Beauchamps-Feuillet notation, which recorded the steps and geometric figures made by the dancers as they moved and the way that the steps should fit the music; the notations were subsequently published for pedagogic purposes or as souvenirs of an important event. Isaac was the first dancing-master in London to see his dances recorded in this way and worked with three main notators. The first was John Weaver, who additionally translated Raoul-Auger Feuillet’s manual of dance notation from French into English (Orchesography, 1706), although one Isaac dance from that year was also notated in a variant form by a rival translator, Monsieur Siris. Isaac’s second notator was Charles Delagarde, who was also a professional dancer. The third notator was Edmund Pemberton, who notated and published Isaac’s dances from 1710 onwards, sometimes in cooperation with the music publishers Walsh and Hare, sometimes in direct and bitter competition.
Archives of Excess and “power over the poor”
Authors: Kinnahan Linda
Published: October 2024

During the 1930s, Marianne Moore’s attention to notions of work and labor engage with socio-economic systems, practices, and theories that cross time but speak to her particular moment. “The Jerboa” (1932) catalogues an archive of artifacts reflecting relations of power and attentive to historical economic injustices. The poem contemplates various labors, showing particular concern with the labor of the artist and the artistry of labor, distorted in the service of economic gain and serving as spectacles of display. The poem suggests that the labor of the artist is coerced to acclaim or specularize the power of privilege, for purposes of conspicuous consumption and pecuniary display. A litany of social excess positions the visible display of possession and consumption against the invisible and dehumanized labor of making – and the body of the maker. This essay explores the poem’s attention to processes by which the laboring body is made invisible by the privileging and spectacle of consumption, a process that intensifies “everywhere, // power over the poor” (“The Jerboa” 64).
“Possible Meaning”
Authors: Carson Luke
Published: October 2024

In her 1938–1942 Reading Notebook, Marianne Moore was taken with a distinction made by W. H. Auden between a poem’s “immediate meaning and possible meaning.” By considering the critical context in which Moore was writing, this paper argues that Moore understood this distinction to mark the boundary between poetry and theology where an anagogic mode of reading and writing comes into play and where eschatological poets such as Dante, Milton, and Blake worked. This reading deepens our sense of Moore’s relationship to the visionary tradition with which she affiliated herself by considering her reading of Rilke and Herbert as poets of “possible meaning” and tracing her extension of that literary concept to her reading and translation of the fables of Jean de La Fontaine and her 1943 reading of Hölderlin’s poetry.
The Marianne Moore Digital Archive
Authors: Nashar Claire
Published: October 2024

Established in 2015, the Marianne Moore Digital Archive (MMDA) makes digital reproductions and transcriptions of Moore’s notebooks easily and freely accessible to scholarly, classroom, and non-academic readers for the first time. The notebook transcriptions are supported by annotations that contextualize Moore’s writing and life, including citations to the original source texts she invokes, and an image-text linking feature that makes it easy to move back and forth between the facsimile and the transcription. The digital editions of the notebooks are supported by a growing collection of related materials, including a glossary, an interactive timeline of Moore's life and publications, and searchable reproductions of the now hard-to-find Marianne Moore Newsletter. This chapter articulates the usefulness of the MMDA to scholars, teachers, and students of Moore’s life and poetry, giving examples of how the various functionalities of the digital platform both facilitates new contributions to Moore studies and enlivens our connections to literature and literary history.
An Interview with Patricia C. Willis
Authors: Roffman Karin
Published: October 2024

Patricia Willis (b. 1938) served as the first curator of the Marianne Moore archive at the Rosenbach Library from 1975 to 1987, and then as the Elizabeth Wakeman Dwight Curator of the Collection of American Literature at the Beinecke Library from 1987 to 2008. In addition to her monumental work as editor of The Complete Prose of Marianne Moore (Elisabeth Sifton Books, Viking Penguin, 1986) and curator of the traveling exhibition, Marianne Moore: Vision into Verse (Rosenbach Museum & Library, 1987), Willis has published crucial essays on Moore’s “An Octopus” and “Marriage.” In this interview with Karin Roffman, Willis discusses her life and work as a Marianne Moore scholar and curator, her immersion in the Moore archives at the Rosenbach in the years before the papers were cataloged, and the ways that she has sustained and deepened her thinking about this iconic modernist for sixty years.
Gothic Westerns
Authors: Williams Tony
Published: October 2024

This chapter will focus on all Peckinpah Westerns such as Ride the High Country, Major Dundee, The Wild Bunch, and Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid to emphasize the Gothic elements that occur in their construction. Duality, contrasts between civilization and wilderness, the growing forms of institutional corruption in American society are all part of a national Gothic Peckinpah develops in his Western films that are very different from the traditional forms of Ford and Hawks. Gothic elements appear in RIDE THE HIGH COUNTRY with the division between Hornitos and Coarsegold that in fact mirror each other. Also, as R.G. Armstrong notes, MAJOR DUDEE contains many parallels to MOBY DICK and PAT GARRETT AND BILLY THE KID reveals many elements of this tradition such as Garrett’s future assassin named Poe. He was a real-life character, but his surname certainly resonates in the film.
Modern Times
Authors: Williams Tony
Published: October 2024

With reference to one scene in THE BALLAD OF CABLE HOGUE, this chapter examines certain Peckinpah films set in the contemporary era such as JUNIOR BONNER, THE GETAWAY, BRING ME THE HEAD OF ALFREDO GARCIA, and THE KILLER ELITE to reveal the influence of Gothic on the contemporary world. No longer confined to the old West except for the deliberately deceptive prologue to BRING ME THE HEAD OF ALFREDO GARCIA,,the films demonstrate the mechanistic and psychological holds that the modern gothic has on all protagonists in these films. Steve McQueen's Junior Bonner and Doc initially appear as trapped by the machine, illustrated by the interrogative use of editing bearing many relationships to Eisenstein’s methodology first seen in THE WILD BUNCH. Apart from Doc and Carol McCoy in THE GETAWAY, the main characters in these films find themselves both physically and psychologically captured by the modern traps of the Gothic.
My Bloody Valentine 3D and Nostalgia for the Moviegoing Experience
Authors: Gossage Tracy
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines the ways that the marketing and 3D elements of 2009 slasher movie remake My Bloody Valentine 3D promoted nostalgia for the moviegoing experience itself. Unlike many of its slasher remake peers that capitalized on their predecessors’ name brand recognition and proven success, the original My Bloody Valentine (1981) garnered poor box office returns and a lacklustre reception upon its initial release. Instead, My Bloody Valentine 3D’s unusual marketing campaign focused on the pleasures of the communal experience of watching a 3D horror movie in a packed theatre as the main incentive for seeing the film. Taking advantage of renewed interest in 3D movies, My Bloody Valentine 3D followed in the tradition of previous 3D horror movies by leaning into 3D’s nature of shock and spectacle. The film uses a heavy mix of slasher tropes combined with gimmicky 3D effects meant to elicit reactions from the audience and pay homage not only to the original film, but to audience associations with 1980s slasher movies in general. By nurturing nostalgia for the moviegoing experience, My Bloody Valentine 3D became a huge box office success and uniquely memorable slasher remake despite a slew of similar competitors.
Attempting to Reclaim the Past in Piranha 3D
Authors: Hobbins-White P.
Published: October 2024

The modern phenomenon of nostalgia stems from a dissatisfaction with aspects of contemporary life, and this sentiment is echoed by Piranha 3D also: through its referencing of older cinematic styles - rather than embracing the trends of its own era - the film rebels against contemporary mainstream horror cinema and seeks to reclaim an era which has been lost.
Piranha 3D’s referencing of, and nostalgia for, a bygone period of cinema encourages its audience to yearn for an era they did not live through. So much of the pleasure drawn from viewing an exploitation film was found not only in the text, but also in the experience of watching the text – the cinema screen, the theatre’s other patrons, the smell of the auditorium. Piranha 3D is a new film which uses old genres to reconstruct them, but rather than truly being an example of those old forms, it is merely a copy of them. The lost cinematic references are ideals which can no longer be retrieved and can now only be accessed by images of the past.
Back to the Origin of the Murders: The Requel in the Slasher Subgenre
Authors: Hernández-Santaolalla Víctor , Raya Irene
Published: October 2024

Wes Craven’s new slasher films, New Nightmare (1994) and Scream (1996), which to a high degree of self-awareness and recurring intertextuality, started the so-called post-slasher film period. This resurgence also vanished, leading to a new period in the new century—the neo-slasher—with a series of films that looked nostalgically at the American past pre-9/11.
The requel would serve to continue the original plot, but from a reinterpretation or as a tribute to the first film of the saga, thus connecting with the idea of nostalgia. The requels establish parameters that serve as a nostalgic look at the original film, working like pseudo-remakes of the first movie. In this regard, there are three films that can be located within the slasher: Friday the 13th (2009), Scream 4 (2011) and Halloween (2018); three films that, at the same time, are sequels of the first, the third and the second film of each saga.
These films look back to the time and place in which everything began, so as not to lose the discursive thread and as a way of remembering the original trauma and respecting the essential, to wit, the first slashers.
Maniac (1980) v. Maniac (2012): Toxic Masculine American Nostalgia after 9/11
Authors: Newell C. H.
Published: October 2024

Franck Khalfoun’s remake of the 1980 slasher Maniac was released eleven years after the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center. Yet the film’s imagery still bears a patriarchal nation’s wounds in the wake of a terrorist attack that struck at the heart of toxic American masculinity. Maniac (2012) features Elijah Wood playing a killer who seeks to reclaim the masculinity he erroneously blames his sex worker mother for destroying. He stalks the streets nightly to find women against whom he uses brutal, terroristic violence reminiscent of the online beheading videos that followed the Invasion of Iraq, as well as the practice of scalping early European settlers used against Native Americans. Wood’s killer becomes the vessel for a nation seeking to revive its strict hegemonic masculinity, exemplifying Svetlana Boym’s concept of a restorative nostalgia that attempts to recreate the past rather than reflect upon or learn from it—in this case, toxic nostalgia for a past dominated violently by straight white men. Khalfoun’s remake does not challenge any of the original film’s patriarchal values, nor its violent misogyny, instead reinforcing those qualities to paint a bleak picture of a potentially progressive American culture continually derailed by retributive masculine violence.
Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps): Re-Reading The Burning and Friday the 13th in the #MeToo Era
Authors: Church David
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores important parallels between the Killer and the Final Boy, in order to complicate the (once-teen) slasher fan’s own nostalgia for films whose teen male characters frequently portray the seeds of rape culture. Final Boys are often depicted as nerdy outsiders, subject to bullying by gender-normative representatives of their age group—which suggests a three-way refraction between the sexually disturbed monster, the gender-normative teen as monstrous bully, and the sexually compromised Final Boy. This chapter argues that 1980s slasher films split the proto-slasher’s sexually disturbed Killer into multiple male characters guilty of voyeuristic or predatory behaviours with the Killer’s monstrosity is correspondingly diffused across a variety of less idealized male characters, including the Final Boy and other teenage “beta males” whose creepiness might appear deceptively benign next to that of a deformed maniac. Re-reading The Burning’s perverse but narratively “heroic” Final Boy as an onscreen analogue for the film’s now-disgraced creator Harvey Weinstein, plus the similarities to various sexually stunted teens in the Friday the 13th series, allows us to expose the fine lines between gender-normative masculinity, sexually abusive behaviour, and the sometimes-disreputable pleasures of male horror fandom that take on new relevance in the #MeToo era.
Arnait Video Productions and the Fictional Work of the Inuit/Québécois Collective
Authors: Bertrand Karine
Published: October 2024

This chapter engages with intercultural encounters, both on and off screen, in Quebec and Canadian cinema. Karine Bertrand explores the world of Arnait Video Productions, a women-run, Inuit/Québécois collective founded in 1991, and discusses their more recent fictional work, co-directed by Montreal native Marie-Hélène Cousineau and Igloolik, Nunavut native Madeline Ivalu. Part of a larger trend of collaborative work in Quebec and Canada of “women indigenizing the screen,” the three feature films that compose the “Arnait trilogy” (Before Tomorrow, Uvanga, and Restless River) invite spectators to travel through time and space and revisit the history of colonization and modernity from the nuanced point of view of insiders, all the while tackling complex questions of assimilation, adaptation, and survivance.
Genre Cinema and Colonialism
Authors: Marshall Bill
Published: October 2024

This chapter investigates the revival of the horror genre and the increased presence of First Nations characters (and directors) in contemporary Quebec fiction filmmaking. Bill Marshall examines two recent representatives of the “zombie apocalypse” horror subgenre, Québécois filmmaker Robin Aubert’s French-language Les affamés (Ravenous, 2017) and Mi'kmaq director Jeff Barnaby’s English-language Blood Quantum (2019). Through a close reading of the two films, the author argues that they both offer allegorical takes on traumas experienced by individuals and groups, reveal connections between alienation, memory, and wider collective identifications (be they Québécois, Mi'kmaq, or other Indigenous American populations), and ponder the relationship between humans and the fragile ecosystems of our planet.
Between Montreal and Los Angeles
Authors: King Gemma
Published: October 2024

This chapter situates the transnational and transcultural cinema of Québécois directors Jean-Marc Vallée and Denis Villeneuve in relation to the film industries of both Quebec and Hollywood, tracing their careers’ progression from an arthouse francophone filmmaking with roots and inspiration in Quebec’s cinéma direct movement of the 1960s to the commercial anglophone blockbusters produced in the United States today. Arguing that Vallée’s and Villeneuve’s directing work has always simultaneously looked inwards (within their native province) and expanded outwards (beyond Quebec’s borders), Gemma King analyses the transnational nature of their output and the ways that the overlapping and interconnected Quebec-Hollywood cinemas of the two filmmakers provide an alternative to narratives of monolingual Hollywood hegemony.
Impossible Queerness in Three Transnational Films by Xavier Dolan
Authors: Baillargeon Mercédès
Published: October 2024

In this chapter, Mercédès Baillargeon examines the representation of same-sex desire in three films by critically acclaimed Québécois auteur Xavier Dolan: Tom à la ferme (Tom at the farm, 2013), Juste la fin du monde (It’s Only the End of the World, 2016) and the English-language The Death and Life of John F. Donovan (2018), all of which are coproductions, the first two between France and Canada, the the third between Canada and the UK. The author analyses the way queerness is depicted in those works across time and national borders as well as the complicated positioning of Dolan himself (who in 2012 famously refused the Queer Palm at Cannes for Laurence Anyways) as a globally celebrated queer filmmaker.
Introduction
Authors: Corcoran Miranda
Published: October 2024

An overview of the film, including plot synopsis, development, casting, production and reception.
“We are the weirdos, mister”: Witchcraft and Identity Politics
Authors: Corcoran Miranda
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the treatment of race, gender, sexuality, disability and class in The Craft. The chapter situates the film within the context of postfeminism, third-wave feminism and Riot Grrrl music/art/activism.
Knowledge, Networks, and the Crisis of Sugar Production in the West Indies
Authors: Buckles Peter
Published: October 2024

This chapter makes the argument that merchants in Britain acted as cogs in the plantation machine to help sugar producers overcome a range of crises, including the American Revolution, natural disasters, and the movement to abolish the slave trade. It begins by exploring the structure of plantation production and the networks of knowledge that connected the West Indies to Britain, using social network analysis as a methodological aid. The case study shows how merchants in Bristol helped planters navigate their new regulatory environment, kept them supplied, and supported them financially. It also explores how Bristol’s merchants defended the slave trade from the abolitionists. Finally, it explores how they intervened in plantation orders and offered advice to planters.
Merchant-shipowners and the Crisis of Shipping in the Bristol–West India Trade
Authors: Buckles Peter
Published: October 2024

This chapter shows how Bristol’s merchants maintained their West India shipping in the face of environmental dangers, moral hazards (related to captains and insurance brokers), and warfare and privateering. They overcame these crises and challenges using reputational mechanisms, convoys, and insurance. This is evidenced by surviving port data and business records, including those of the West India Association of Bristol. The chapter discusses the drawbacks to using convoys, which included congestion and the concentration of shipping. It also discusses how these issues were mitigated, for example with the use of packet ships for speedy communications. Finally, it shows how the use of convoys made insurance cheaper.
Crisis, Disruption, and Uncertainty in Bristol’s Sugar Market
Authors: Buckles Peter
Published: October 2024

This chapter makes the case that transition from one condition to another, e.g., from peace to war or from war to peace, was a greater cause of uncertainty than the condition itself. It looks at the effect of such transitions on sugar prices, with the Dutch Crisis of 1787 and the Nootka Sound Crisis of 1790. It then explores the impact of warfare itself, including the nature of wartime gluts and strategies for overcoming them. The chapter shows how the Saint Domingue Revolution had the greatest impact on the sugar market in this period, leading to greater scarcity and eventual overproduction as new producers entered the market. Throughout, the chapter examines how merchants navigated these crises, exploring their strategies, and the limits thereof.
Introduction
Authors: Arens Sarah , Frith Nicola , Lewis Jonathan , Vince Rebekah
Published: October 2024

The Introduction outlines the book’s main concerns and its historical, theoretical and methodological approach. It provides an overview of Kate Marsh’s extraordinarily wide range of interests and approaches, including her contributions to the study of literature, politics, empire and cultural production across the French-speaking world from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century, and trace their impact on scholarship across disciplines. Furthermore, the Introduction situates the volume’s key themes of colonial continuities, nostalgia, decolonization and resistance at the intersections of Marsh’s work and the wider disciplinary fields of French Studies, Memory Studies and Postcolonial Studies. In doing so, the Introduction provides an overarching framework to the chapters, each of which engages with a different aspect of Marsh’s interests in French colonialism and the entanglements of its complex afterlives — whether it be her interest in the longevity of imperial rivalries, loss and colonial nostalgia, exoticism and the female body, decolonization and the ends of empire, the French colonial imagination, the policing of racialized bodies, or anti-colonial activism and resistance. The Introduction closes by highlighting avenues for further enquiry that both Marsh’s and the contributing scholars’ work offers.
Hidden Heritages and Unlikely Legacies: An Eastern Jerusalem in Hubert Haddad’s
Authors: Vince Rebekah , Piette Vasanti
Published: October 2024

This chapter takes as its starting point Kate Marsh’s article ‘Pondichéry: Archive of “French” India’, and specifically the potential of ‘nostalgia as a means of anticipating an alternative future’ (2019: 3), in its analysis of Franco-Tunisian Jewish author Hubert Haddad’s novel Premières neiges sur Pondichéry [‘First Snow in Pondicherry’] (2017). In hope of forgetting traumatic memories of the Holocaust alongside his Jewish-cum-Israeli roots, the protagonist discovers a hidden heritage on a trip to India — that of a Jewish kingdom living in relative harmony alongside other religious cultures in Kerala pre-colonialism. Through an analysis of the novel, this chapter explores how exile and nostalgia can re-member forgotten futures of peaceful coexistence in partitioned and segregated lands. It demonstrates how ‘decolonizing nostalgia’ (Tinsley, 2020) for a pluralistic, precolonial past is politically salient in imagining an alternative ‘postcolonial future’ (Marsh, 2019: 9), one that is transcultural as opposed to transnational. This forward-looking nostalgia and decolonizing act of retelling hidden histories, forgotten in both colonial and nationalist narratives, serves as a utopian form of resistance, rooted in the imagination, rather than stagnation or sentimentality. The chapter concludes with a critique of ‘displaced utopia’ while also acknowledging how the novel centres the marginalized history of Kerala Jews within a wider multireligious context.
The Enslaved Man in ‘Un cœur simple’: A Story within a Story
Authors: Kapoor Sucheta
Published: October 2024

Flaubert’s 1877 short story Un Cœur simple [A Simple Heart] has been read mainly as a moving story about the servitude of its eponymous protagonist, Félicité, in a nineteenth-century bourgeois household in provincial France. Although true, there are larger issues emerging from the story that have hardly received any attention, such as the centrality of enslavement in the narrative. It is important to understand the role played by enslavement in the story as it is a problem in French historiography, the continuous flow of which Flaubert’s dense writing captures through intertwined stories – not only the hitherto neglected miniature portrait of an enslaved Black man without a name arrived in Normandy from America, but also that of an uncontrollable parrot with a similar travel trajectory. Connected to these stories is the portrayal of Félicité’s working-class white nephew, Victor, who departs from Le Havre, an important city in the French transoceanic trafficking and enslavement of African peoples, as a sailor, and travels to foreign destinations such as Havana, also a port associated with enslavement, before dying. Inspired by Roland Barthes’s close reading of Un Cœur simple fragments in his 1968 essay ‘L’Effet de réel’ [The Effect of Reality], this tribute to the late Kate Marsh examines literary detail in the story in order to propose a new historical understanding of it.
Mobility, Immobility and Transgression: Representations of Dangerous Travellers in Mounsi’s La noce des fous
Authors: Lewis Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This chapter analyses representations of mobility and transgression in La Noce des fous (1990) by Mounsi, a French author of Algerian origin. More specifically, the chapter assesses the transgressive potential of mobility and movement through associations made in the text between wandering, crime, and delinquency. By examining this link, the chapter evaluates the extent to which representations of mobility and transgression challenge conceptions of rooted national identities and the monocultural historical narratives connected with these identities. While the notion that mobility destabilizes traditional, singular definitions of identity has been well established, by scholars such as Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, for example, the associations between movement and transgression that we find in Mounsi’s text suggest an alternative view of mobility, one that casts doubt on its enabling potential. Indeed, Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of nomadology has been criticized, notably by Christopher L. Miller in Nationalists and Nomads (1998), for being highly Eurocentric and for perpetuating a colonial mode of thinking. This chapter seeks to reveal such colonial continuities in established theories of travel and mobility and, drawing on the ‘new mobilities paradigm’ put forward by Mimi Sheller and John Urry, challenges the rather simplistic tendency to equate mobility with freedom. In doing so, the paper underlines the need, already advanced by the ‘new mobilities paradigm’, to come to a more comprehensive, decolonial understanding of mobility and travel.
Providers of healthcare: the healer’s perspective
Authors: David Rosalie , Forshaw Roger
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses the different groups of professional healers who were responsible for delivering a wide variety of healthcare and medical treatments. By pharaonic times, priests had acquired an additional role as the most senior physicians in the medical hierarchy. Originally, they acted purely as religious functionaries, mediating between Sekhmet, the goddess of medicine, and the patients. Gradually, through trial and error and observation of their patients, the priest-doctors acquired practical skills. Through making ‘rational’ diagnoses and offering practical treatments, they were able to establish the foundations of medical science in Egypt. Another level of medicine was practised by the swnw. As state employees and generalist physicians, they usually undertook their duties away from the temples. Magicians, as healers who employed ‘irrational’ treatments, formed a group that was separate from the wabau and swnw. However, there is increasing evidence that the skills and treatments offered by physicians and magicians were to some extent integrated. Healthcare was also provided by a various categories of paramedical staff. The place of midwives and ‘wise women’ in medical practise is considered, as well as evidence for the existence of professional pharmacists and dentists.
Egypt’s contribution to other ancient and modern medical systems
Authors: David Rosalie , Forshaw Roger
Published: October 2024

Chapter 7 assesses the extent and limitations of knowledge and expertise acquired by Egyptian medical practitioners over the millennia. It also provides a brief comparison of that system with those of Babylonia, Greece and Rome. There is well-recorded evidence of knowledge exchange over many years between Egyptian practitioners on the one hand, and their contemporaries in Babylonia, and later in the Hellenistic and Roman empires. However, essentially, Egyptian medicine always retained a unique profile, not least in its attitude towards deformity and disability. Finally, this chapter will summarise ways in which ancient Egyptian medicine, treatment, and the relationship between practitioner and patient can be seen to have contributed to modern ‘Western’ medicine. Modern pharmaceutical treatments are one example. They continue to use, often in synthesised form, fifty percent of the drug sources once present in ancient Egyptian remedies. Finally, perhaps Egypt’s most important medical legacy is the importance of focusing on the needs of the patient: healthcare was accessible at all levels of society; there was an enlightened approach to deformity, disability, and mental illness; and for those deemed unlikely to survive, there was a recognised need for palliative care.
Time, Social Reproduction and the Precarious Body in the Films of Apichatpong Weerasethakul
Authors: Brás Patrícia Sequeira
Published: October 2024

The chapter engages with some of the discussions that position Apichatpong's films under the term of 'slow cinema' as well as those that identify a dialectical tension between Apichatpong's depictions of urban and rural, global and local landscapes. The term 'slow cinema' is often applied to films that use extended duration as an aesthetic paradigm within contemporary cinema. Its proponents argue that slow cinema evolve 'from spaces that have been indirectly affected or left behind by globalization' in an attempt to rescue 'extended temporal structures from the accelerated tempo of late capitalism.' Accordingly, extended duration appears to be a stylistic device in direct opposition to fast-paced capitalist flows.
The Stillness Wandering Within
Authors: Sikes Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

The chapter connects the figure of the ghost and phantom in the Primitive project with Apichatpong's use of the cinematic caesura, a cut that produces a counter-rhythmic interruption in the movement of the narrative image. The most radical of these cuts produces an excellent example of what Deleuze calls a "pure time image," an image uncoupled from its subordination to movement. The automatism of film—that it makes its own movement, untying itself from the mind or body for its motility—has been much theorized in film literature. The chapter illustrates the introduction of the time-image in several examples from the Primitive project and Uncle Boonmee. Here we see better how the caesura works its effects on the sensorimotor unity of the image by shocking the spiritual automaton with something disjointed within the image itself—whether it be the self-conscious play of styles, the recursive use of a particular image in order to decouple it from the movement of the play, the insertion of still images, or the use of a split screen.
Dreams, Abstractions and Spectatorship in Apichatpong Weerasethakul’s Films and Videos
Authors: Ferraro Alessandro
Published: October 2024

Focused on an analysis of the meaning of social and collective dream in Apichatpong's films, aim of this chapter is to establish a relation between the way to consider the sleeping condition and, consequently, the act of dreaming with the physical concreteness of the body able to produce the dream itself. In order to create an interdisciplinary and dialectic approach, the chapter considers contemporary art films and videos such as the solipsistic ode to memory, dream and the self.
Between an Erased Past and an Uncertain Future
Authors: Sivaranjini
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the interplay of real-life individuals and cinematic characters, blurring the boundaries between reality and fiction in Apichatpong's films. The continuity of non-professional actors and their personal stories woven into the narrative creates an uncanny fusion of the real and reel. Sivaranjini delves into the hybrid aspects of Apichatpong's cinema, examining ethnofiction, docufiction, and participatory cinema. This analysis contextualizes these cinematic approaches within socio-political realms, national identity, and the self.
Introduction
Authors: Abrams Nathan , Orgill Georgina
Published: October 2024

This chapter situates and contextualises the production of the book and the film on which it is based. It provides a brief overview of the film’s history and afterlife and summaries of each chapter in the volume.
A Choreographic Liaison: Collaborating with Stanley Kubrick
Authors: Snaith Yolande
Published: October 2024

Contemporary feminist choreographer Yolande Snaith worked on the production of Eyes Wide Shut and so provides a key interpretation and perspective – from the inside of the production – rather than the standard academic approaches to look at her role in choreographing the infamous orgy sequence. Her chapter offers a unique lens into Kubrick’s working process. Snaith recounts in detail the genesis of what was to become the apex of the film and the painstaking selection process throughout the search for the ideal male and female bodies for these controversial scenes. Snaith demystifies some assumptions about the choreographic process and filming of the masked ball, and illuminates the nature of the relationship between cast, choreographer, director and crew, offering some insight into Kubrick’s complex modus operandi as a visionary and uncompromising film director.
Stanley Kubrick’s Final Film and the Question of Control
Authors: Perko Manca
Published: October 2024

Manca Perko focuses on an often-overlooked aspect of Kubrick’s work, namely collaboration with a specific focus on the postproduction of Eyes Wide Shut which is particularly interesting given how many believe the film was left unfinished. By focusing on Eyes Wide Shut’s post-production, Perko considers the input of other external collaborators including graders, editors, and the laboratory that processed the film to reassess and problematize the authorship of the film. Her essay raises important questions regarding the question of authorship which are especially salient given how Kubrick has such a reputation for total control, unlike other filmmakers who routinely receive the ‘auteur treatment.’
‘Lucky to Be Alive’: Clockwork Models and the Logic of the Inanimate in Stanley Kubrick’s Eyes Wide Shut
Authors: Landesman Ohad
Published: October 2024

Ohad Landesman focuses on the mechanization of the sexualized individual in Eyes Wide Shut which is saturated with statuesque and death-like performances, oscillating between reality and dream to depict a critical account of social rituals in a modernized civilization by the end of the 20th century. High society’s empty manners, socially constructed behaviours and treatment of sex as a mechanized and passionless ritual that becomes a consumerist commodity, are all aestheticized through a continuous effort to inanimate the animate, to emphasize corpse-like and defunct human behaviours, and to exhibit emotionally devoid facial expressions and dispositions traditionally associated with inanimate machinery. In Kubrick’s very last film, Landesman concludes that the ending of the millennium is evoked in apocalyptic terms as a moment when individuals lose their souls and become shadowy ghosts victimized by a mechanizing society.
Afterword
Authors: Kolker Robert P.
Published: October 2024

Robert P. Kolker offers a personal reflection on and critical reassessment of the film.
Fear of Death and Sleep Quality in the Aftermath of an Earthquake
Authors: Aktura Seher Cevik , Çelik Hanife , Saritas Seyhan Citlik , Özden Gürkan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To examine fear of death and disruption in sleep patterns in individuals who have experienced an earthquake.

Method

A descriptive and relationship-oriented study was performed with 322 individuals who experienced the February 6, 2023, earthquake in Turkey. Data were collected between February 20 and May 15, 2023. A personal information form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) were used for data collection.

Results

Participants' mean DAS score was 7.96 (
SD
= 1.05), and mean PSQI score was 8.74 (
SD
= 4.06). Statistically significant relationships were found between sex, marital status, and mean DAS score, and these variables accounted for 11.7% of the total variance. Similarly, statistically significant relationships were found among economic status, relationship to person trapped under the rubble, financial loss from the earthquake, and mean PSQI score, accounting for 11.3% of the total variance. Women and married people had greater fear of death, and those with good economic status, whose family members were buried under rubble, and who experienced financial loss as a result of the earthquake had lower sleep quality.

Conclusion

The earthquake led to moderate fear of death and poor sleep quality among participants. Findings highlight the need for targeted support for vulnerable groups following disasters. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 63
(2), 45–54.]