bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complications and Management of the Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Chen Sheena W. , Lee Kyongjune B. , Napolitano Michael A. , Murillo-Berlioz Alejandro E. , Sattah Anna P. , Sarin Shawn , Trachiotis Gregory
Published: November 2020

Endovascular treatment in thoracic aortic diseases has increased in use exponentially since Dake and colleagues first described the use of a home-made transluminal endovascular graft on 13 patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm at Stanford University in the early 1990s. Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) was initially developed for therapy in patients deemed unfit for open surgery. Innovations in endograft engineering design and popularization of endovascular techniques have transformed TEVAR to the predominant treatment choice in elective thoracic aortic repair. The number of TEVARs performed in the United States increased by 600% from 1998 to 2007, while the total number of thoracic aortic repairs increased by 60%. As larger multicenter trials and meta-analysis studies in the 2000s demonstrate the significant decrease in perioperative morbidity and mortality of TEVAR over open repair, TEVAR became incorporated into standard guidelines. The 2010 American consensus guidelines recommend TEVAR to be “strongly considered” when feasible for patients with degenerative or traumatic aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta exceeding 5.5 cm, saccular aneurysms, or postoperative pseudoaneurysms. Nowadays, TEVAR is the predominant treatment for degenerative and traumatic descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. Although TEVAR has been shown to have decreased early morbidity and mortality compared with open surgical repair, endovascular manipulation of a diseased aorta with endovascular devices continues to have significant risks. Despite continued advancement in endovascular technique and devices since the first prospective trial examined the complications associated with TEVAR, common complications, two decades later, still include stroke, spinal cord ischemia, device failure, unintentional great vessel coverage, access site complications, and renal injury. In this article, we review common TEVAR complications with some corresponding radiographic imaging and their management.
Aortic Valve Endocarditis with Anomalous Origin of the Right Coronary Artery and Unknown Infected Thrombus in the Dissected Descending Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Caceres Juan , Sood Vikram , Farhat Linda , Yang Bo
Published: November 2020

We report an intricate aortic root replacement in a young male patient suffering from native valve infective endocarditis due to Serratia marcescens. Further complicating the total root replacement, there was an unknown infected aortic thrombus and a concomitant anomalous right coronary artery with an intramural course. As a result of our more aggressive approach, we believe that we lowered the risk of recurrent infection of the bioprosthesis of the aortic root.
KI-Plattformen: Klinisches Know-how, KI und smarte Systeme
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2020

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist in der Medizin im Kommen, speziell in der Radiologie. Viele Unternehmen sind dort aktiv, denn die Zahl der medizinischen Daten explodiert und es gibt die Notwendigkeit, diese vielen Daten anders als bisher zu erfassen. KI ist darüber hinaus jedoch auch in der Diagnostik ein echter Segen und eröffnet neue Behandlungsansätze und -methoden.
Herzklappen-Rekonstruktion: Premieren in Mainz
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2020

Kardiologen der Universitätsmedizin Mainz haben Anfang August 2020 weltweit erstmals das neue Herzklappen-Reparatursystem PASCAL Ace eingesetzt und europaweit die ersten Patienten mit der neuen Mitraclip-Generation behandelt.
Zwischenruf aus der Branche: Auf der Überholspur zum digitalen Krankenhaus
Authors: Kulin Admir
Published: November 2020

Admir Kulin ist Gründer und Geschäftsführer der Kölner m.Doc Gmbh, einem Softwareunternehmen, das sich auf digitale Gesundheitslösungen spezialisiert hat. In seinem Gastbeitrag analysiert er, in welchen Bereichen der Kliniken eine stärkere Digitalisierung schnelle Erfolge zeigen würde und warum besonders die Notfallversorgung davon profitiert.
Ethische Führung: Erstmals ethisches Handeln in Kliniken abgefragt
Authors: König Anja , Vogt Birgit
Published: November 2020

Der Wunsch nach ganzheitlicher Nachhaltigkeit umfasst die Etablierung eines Managementkonzeptes, welches dieser Forderung Rechnung trägt. Gute Führung wird häufig mit Kategorien der Moral und Ethik beschrieben. Die Entwicklung eines ethischen Führungsstils stellt eine Möglichkeit dar, das Führungsverhalten nachhaltig zu beeinflussen und somit auch das Mitarbeiterverhalten zu prägen.
Exkurs: 50 Jahre Luftrettung in Deutschland
Authors: Reisinger Kathrin
Published: November 2020

Die Luftrettung wird 50 Jahre alt. Die beiden großen Player sind dabei die gemeinnützige ADAC Luftrettung und die DRF Stiftung Luftrettung, ergänzt durch die Johanniter, die Bundeswehr und eigene Stationen der Ministerien. In überlappenden Radien von 50 bis 70 Kilometern sind in Deutschland Hubschrauber stationiert. Bei Notfällen sind die Ärzte innerhalb von zwei Minuten in der Luft und 15 Minuten später beim Verletzten.
Energieeffizienz im Krankenhaus: Fördermittel sind oft das Zünglein an der Waage
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: November 2020

Energiesparmaßnahmen im Gesundheitswesen werden aus verschiedensten Töpfen oft großzügig bezuschusst. „Die Fördergelder liegen sprichwörtlich auf der Straße“, erklärt Martin Weber, Energiemanager der Salzburger Landeskliniken, „dennoch werden sie viel zu wenig genutzt.“
Dynamic and kinematic characterization of the impulsive wavemaker system in a numerical wave tank
Authors: Barraud C. , Hernández R. H.
Published: November 2020

We study the dynamical response of a piston-type wavemaker in a numerical wave tank. The two-dimensional, fully viscous unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are solved on a two-phase flow configuration using the volume of fluid method to capture the free surface dynamics. The wavemaker is a moving wall driven by an arbitrary signal waveform. The step response of the wavemaker may generate pulse-like waves similar to an undular bore propagating along the tank. Wave elevation at the piston wall has close similarity to the time response of second order systems found in feedback theory. The scaling found for water elevation at the piston wall for different step velocities and mean still water levels is in agreement with that in the available theory at low Froude numbers. The results along the tank for continuous waves agree with those of potential theory. The power input during the step response was determined during the whole wave generation process showing that net piston forces are predominantly hydrostatic. A power scaling for different mean still water levels and step velocities as a function of the Froude number was obtained. An active absorption strategy based upon a feedback controller driving a secondary piston was implemented. Wave absorption was successfully achieved on regular and irregular waves.
Computational models of migration modes improve our understanding of metastasis
Authors: Shatkin Gabriel , Yeoman Benjamin , Birmingham Katherine , Katira Parag , Engler Adam J.
Published: November 2020

Tumor cells migrate through changing microenvironments of diseased and healthy tissue, making their migration particularly challenging to describe. To better understand this process, computational models have been developed for both the ameboid and mesenchymal modes of cell migration. Here, we review various approaches that have been used to account for the physical environment's effect on cell migration in computational models, with a focus on their application to understanding cancer metastasis and the related phenomenon of durotaxis. We then discuss how mesenchymal migration models typically simulate complex cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, while ameboid migration models use a cell-focused approach that largely ignores ECM when not acting as a physical barrier. This approach greatly simplifies or ignores the mechanosensing ability of ameboid migrating cells and should be reevaluated in future models. We conclude by describing future model elements that have not been included to date but would enhance model accuracy.
Low-loss low thermo-optic coefficient Ta2O5 on crystal quartz planar optical waveguides
Authors: Zhao Qiancheng , Behunin Ryan O. , Rakich Peter T. , Chauhan Nitesh , Isichenko Andrei , Wang Jiawei , Hoyt Chad , Fertig Chad , Lin Mu hong , Blumenthal Daniel J.
Published: November 2020

Optical resonator-based frequency stabilization plays a critical role in ultra-low linewidth laser emission and precision sensing, atom clocks, and quantum applications. However, there has been limited success in translating traditional bench-top stabilization cavities to compact on-chip integrated waveguide structures that are compatible with photonic integration. The challenge lies in realizing waveguides that not only deliver low optical loss but also exhibit a low thermo-optic coefficient and frequency noise stability. Given the problematic sources of frequency noise within dielectrics, such as thermorefractive noise, resonators with small thermo-optic response are desirable for on-chip reference cavities. We report the first demonstration of a Ta2O5 (tantala) waveguide core fabricated on a crystal quartz substrate lower cladding with TEOS-PECVD SiO2 upper cladding. This waveguide offers significant advantages over other waveguides in terms of its low thermo-optic coefficient and reduced thermorefractive-related frequency noise. We describe the waveguide structure and key design parameters as well as fabrication considerations for processing tantala on quartz waveguides. We report a waveguide thermo-optic coefficient of −1.14 × 10−6 RIU/K, a value that is over 6 times smaller in magnitude than that of SiO2-substrate tantala waveguides, with a propagation loss of 1.19 dB/cm at 1550 nm and <1.33 dB/cm across the 1525 nm–1610 nm wavelength range. Within a 1.6 mm radius ring resonator, we demonstrate a 2.54 × 105 intrinsic Q factor. With the potential for very low loss and the ability to control the thermal response, this waveguide platform takes a key step toward creating thermally stable integrated resonators for on-chip laser frequency stabilization and other applications.
Photosensitivity of Ga2O3 Schottky diodes: Effects of deep acceptor traps present before and after neutron irradiation
Authors: Yakimov E. B. , Polyakov A. Y. , Shchemerov I. V. , Smirnov N. B. , Vasilev A. A. , Vergeles P. S. , Yakimov E. E. , Chernykh A. V. , Shikoh A. S. , Ren F. , Pearton S. J.
Published: November 2020

The photocurrent produced by 259 nm wavelength excitation was measured in β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes before and after neutron irradiation. These samples differed by the density of deep acceptors in the lower half of the bandgap as detected by capacitance–voltage profiling under monochromatic illumination. Irradiation led to a very strong increase in photocurrent, which closely correlated with the increase in deep trap density and the decrease after illumination of the effective Schottky barrier height due to hole capture by acceptors. A similar effect was observed on an as-grown βs-Ga2O3 film with a high density of deep acceptors. Electron beam induced current measurements indicated a strong amplification of photocurrent, which is attributed to the Schottky barrier lowering by holes trapped on acceptors near the surface. Photocurrent build-up and decay curves show several time constants ranging from several milliseconds to many seconds. These characteristic times are attributed to tunneling of electrons into the hole-filled acceptors near the surface and to thermal emission of holes from deep acceptors.
Advanced fluorescence microscopy reveals disruption of dynamic CXCR4 dimerization by subpocket-specific inverse agonists
Authors: Işbilir Ali , Möller Jan , Arimont Marta , Bobkov Vladimir , Perpiñá-Viciano Cristina , Hoffmann Carsten , Inoue Asuka , Heukers Raimond , de Graaf Chris , Smit Martine J. , Annibale Paolo , Lohse Martin J.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Class A G protein−coupled receptors (GPCRs) can form dimers and oligomers via poorly understood mechanisms. We show here that the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which is a major pharmacological target, has an oligomerization behavior modulated by its active conformation. Combining advanced, single-molecule, and single-cell optical tools with functional assays and computational approaches, we unveil three key features of CXCR4 quaternary organization: CXCR4 dimerization 1) is dynamic, 2) increases with receptor expression level, and 3) can be disrupted by stabilizing an inactive receptor conformation. Ligand binding motifs reveal a ligand binding subpocket essential to modulate both CXCR4 basal activity and dimerization. This is relevant to develop new strategies to design CXCR4-targeting drugs.
Adversarial vulnerabilities of human decision-making
Authors: Dezfouli Amir , Nock Richard , Dayan Peter
Published: November 2020

Significance

“What I cannot efficiently break, I cannot understand.” Understanding the vulnerabilities of human choice processes allows us to detect and potentially avoid adversarial attacks. We develop a general framework for creating adversaries for human decision-making. The framework is based on recent developments in deep reinforcement learning models and recurrent neural networks and can in principle be applied to any decision-making task and adversarial objective. We show the performance of the framework in three tasks involving choice, response inhibition, and social decision-making. In all of the cases the framework was successful in its adversarial attack. Furthermore, we show various ways to interpret the models to provide insights into the exploitability of human choice.
A complex system approach to language evolution
Authors: Colaiori Francesca , Tria Francesca
Published: November 2020

Regularities in natural language systems, despite their cognitive advantages in terms of storage and learnability, often coexist with exceptions, raising the question of whether and why irregularities survive. We offer a complex system perspective on this issue, focusing on the irregular past tense forms in English. Two separate processes affect the overall regularity: new verbs constantly entering the vocabulary in the regular form at low frequency, and transitions in both directions (from irregular to regular and vice-versa) occurring in a narrow frequency range. The introduction of new verbs leads to an increase in regular types, that, entering at low frequencies, have a small impact on the perceived irregularity in terms of tokens. The frequency of usage acts as a control parameter, the majority of verbs types being fully-regular(irregular) at low(high) frequencies, with no evidence of irregularity facing extinction. Very few verbs types in an intermediate frequency region exhibit both regular and irregular forms at the same time, suggesting that the coexistence is unstable. The observed pattern of usage showing an abrupt change in response to small variations of the control parameter only appears in agent-based models provided that the word state is non-binary. By introducing this key ingredient, high-frequency irregular past-tense can survive the tendency to regularize over time, as observed in natural languages.
What are the determinants of survival curves of words?
Authors: Velde Freek Van de , Keersmaekers Alek
Published: November 2020

An evolutionary approach to historical linguistics can be enlightening when not only the mechanisms, but also the
statistical methods are considered from neighboring disciplines. In this short paper, we apply survival analysis to investigate
what factors determine the lifespan of words. Our case study is on post-classical Greek from the 4th century bc to the beginning of
the 8th century ad. We find that lower frequency and phonetically longer lexemes suffer earlier deaths. Furthermore, verbs turn
out to have higher survival rates than adjectives and nouns.
Reconsidering subjectification from the perspective of animal signalling
Authors: Ritt Nikolaus , Baumann Andreas , Zehentner Eva , Zöpfl Alexandra
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses the view that subjectifications (i.e. semantic changes through which words come to index speakers’ evaluations or their attitudes towards a proposition) are primarily motivated by speakers’ need for self-expression (Traugott 2010). Approaching the issue from the perspective of animal signalling (Krebs & Dawkins 1984), we propose that semantic subjectifications are at least equally likely to reflect evaluations and attitudes read into utterances by listeners who attempt to read speakers’ minds. We compare speaker-based and listener-based theories with regard to their predictions, sketch ways in which they can be tested and report findings from first attempts at doing so. First, we report evidence from diachronic corpora. Second, we describe a game-theoretic model that relates listener’s interest in speaker intentions to the average degree of speaker-honesty in a population. Third, we report preliminary results of an experiment in which we tested if listeners were more likely to interpret an utterance as indexing speaker subjectivity when they perceived speakers as more powerful. We conclude that the listener-based hypothesis of subjectification is solid enough to warrant further investigation.
Co-evolution of internalization and externalization in the emergence of the human lexicon
Authors: Fujita Haruka
Published: November 2020

There has been a long-standing controversy in the context of language evolution on whether the original function of human language was internal thought or external communication. However, given the fact that language clearly serves both functions, internalization and externalization must have been co-evolutionarily acted in the emergence of human language. This article proposes a theoretical hypothesis about this co-evolutionary relationship of internalization and externalization, which especially explains the emergence of the human lexicon. To discuss the evolution of language from a comprehensive perspective, this article proposes a promising model that integrates two approaches with different standpoints: generative grammar and cognitive linguistics. This paper also examines the definition and nature of the lexicon and lexical items based on this integrated model. The hypothesis presented here demonstrates that the co-evolutionary work of internalization and externalization has been involved in two processes in the development of the lexicon: the establishment of syntactic objects (lexical items) and the improvement of creativity responsible for the expansion of lexicon size. The main conclusion is that these processes have formed a positive feedback loop and provided our lexicon with complex and unique properties.
Compressive Strength of Coal Fly-ash Based Geopolymer with Integration of Graphene Nanosheets (GNs)
Authors: Amri Amun , Kurniawan Rahmat , Sutikno Sigit , Yenti Silvia Reni , Rahman M Mahbubur , Hendri Yola Bertilsya
Published: November 2020

The compressive strength of coal fly ash-based geopolymers has been improved by integrating the graphene nanosheets (GNs) as additive. Proximate analysis and crystal structure were also investigated using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray diffractometer. The geopolymer composites were created by mixing the solid fly ash and sand (weight ratio of 1:3) with 10 M NaOH and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solutions (weight ratio of 1: 2.5), where the liquid to solid weight ratio reached an economical composition of 1: 4. Low-cost GNs with various concentrations of 5 – 20 mg/ml was then added to the mixtures. The prepared mixtures were poured into mortar molds and allowed to stand for few hours at room temperature before heat treatment (curing) in the oven at various temperatures of 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C for 24 hours. Investigation results showed that the average compressive strength of geopolymer increased about 113.8 % or more than double compared to geopolymer without the addition of GNs. The highest compressive strength (29.5 MPa) was shown by a sample with GNs of 20 mg/mL and a curing temperature of 8°C. Meanwhile, geopolymer without GNs showed the lowest compressive strength in all curing temperatures. Proximate analysis showed that fly ash used in this work was the high calcium of type-C fly ash with the CaO content of 11.18%. XRD analysis results indicated that the GNs had integrated well in the geopolymer matrix. The presence of graphene-like structure was also detected, but it was not agglomerated with GNs. Good compressive strength and inexpensive production processes make this geopolymer very prospective for further development.
A High Potential of Biomass Leaves Waste for Porous Activated Carbon Nanofiber/Nanosheet as Electrode Material of Supercapacitor
Authors: Apriwandi  , Agustino  , Taer Erman , Taslim Rika
Published: November 2020

Since porous carbon materials derived from biomass, with low cost, abundant and sustainable, relatively easy fabrication, high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area (SSA), surface morphology with nanomaterial structures, and superior electrochemical stability have attracted attention which are strong and highly trusted to be a candidate for the electrode material of supercapacitor energy storage. This study highlighted recent laboratory-scale methods for preparing activated carbon nanostructures from leaves biomass wastes. Four types of focused leaves waste including acacia leaves, pineapple leaves, and Terminalia catappa leaves (TCL), and Pandanus tectorius leaves (PTL). Leave wastes were converted into activated carbon by KOH activation and one-stage integrated pyrolysis both of carbonization and physical activation. Symmetric supercapacitor electrode ware performed with sandwich-type in monolith form without adhesive materials. Among the raw materials found in this study, nanofiber structures dominated the surface morphology of carbon monolith, especially in acacia leaves, pineapple leaves, and TCL. Interestingly, the same basic material of TCL could perform two different nanostructures including nanofiber and nanosheet. In addition, the percentages of carbon and oxygen contents in the sample were also provided. Furthermore, supercapacitor cells exhibited the highest specific capacitance are activated carbon derived from pineapple leaves as high as 150 F g−1 in 1M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte at a low scanning rate of 1 mV s−1. Finally, these results confirmed that leaves biomass wastes have high potential as a raw material of activated carbon nanofiber/nanosheet structure to be applied in supercapacitor electrodes.
Change in The Structure of Polyme Polyacetylene When Irradiated by Low-Energy X-Ray Taken by Tem
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van
Published: November 2020

Plastics or synthetic plastics are products that are not naturally available, but are made by humans. They have a long decomposition time, can last up to hundreds, thousands of years (plastic bottles, plastic straws and plastic bags take 10 years to 1000 years to decompose). Plastic waste is the plastic products after being used and are discharged into the environment such as plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic straws, synthetic plastics. Here polymer being studied is polyacetylene, polyacetylene is a plastic film, polyacetylene is projected by low-energy x-rays with different projection doses, thereby analyzing the structural change of the polyacetylene. The changing structure leads to a change in polymer decomposition time, which can reduce environmental pollution.
Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle from Logas Natural Sand and Its Application for the Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Septiawan Rebi , Amiruddin Erwin , Awaluddin Amir , Hadianto Heri , Davini Nindi
Published: November 2020

Structural properties, morphology, and the catalytic activity of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles for degradation of methylene blue have been studied. For this purpose, the hematite particles were synthesised from Logas natural sand by 2 steps ball milling method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of a hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase. However, other phases such as SiO2 and FeTiO3 are also confirmed by XRD. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a wide distribution of particle sizes. Moreover, the shape of the grains is irregular form. The effect of reaction time and hematite nanoparticles dosage which affect the efficiency of catalytic reaction was investigated. Catalytic activity of hematite nanoparticles in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) was studied through ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis).
Steaming Process Does Not Affect The Antioxidant Activities of Tempeh Ethanol Extract
Authors: Surya Reggie , Romulo Andreas
Published: November 2020

Tempeh is an Indonesian fermented traditional food made from soybeans. It exhibits antioxidant activities mainly due to phytochemicals known as isoflavones. Since tempeh is mainly consumed cooked, this study investigated the influences of steaming process at three different times (10 min, 30 min and 60 min) on the antioxidant activities of tempeh. While a subtle decrease in antioxidant activities was observed in tempeh aqueous extracts, tempeh ethanol extracts did not differ in antioxidant activities. The results suggested that steaming process, even when applied for an hour, caused very minimal decrease in tempeh antioxidant activities. Such a decrease was particularly observed in the water-soluble fraction but not in the ethanol-soluble fraction. Therefore, steaming could be opted as a good cooking method for tempeh to keep its antioxidant-related health benefits.
Characterization Partial and Lead (Pb) Resistant of Diazotrophs Bacteria
Authors: Linda Tetty Marta , selvina Iin , Martina Atria , Lestari Wahyu , Miranda Mira , Ulfa Gustiani
Published: November 2020

Heavy metals have toxic effects on animals, human health, plants, and the environment. Reduction of heavy metal pollution is needed one of which can use diazotrophs bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the characterization partial, the ability of diazotrophs bacteria NR 18, and NR 28 to excrete ammonium and their growth response to lead metal (Pb). The results of the study are known to each excretion ammonium for bacterial isolate NR 18 of 2.25 ppm and bacterial isolate NR 28 of 6.06 ppm. Bacteria NR18 and NR 28 were resistant in media supplement with lead (Pb) with a concentration of 300-600 ppm. In general, diazotrophs bacteria could be explored for bioremediation purposes.
Ecological and Phytocenological Characteristics of the Vegetation of the National Park “Buzuluksky Bor”
Authors: Ryabinina Z.N. , Kalyakina R.G. , Petrova G.V. , Anhalt E.M. , Rjabuchina M.V.
Published: November 2020

The uniqueness of the territory of Buzuluksky Bor as an object of national and world natural heritage was first identified by outstanding domestic naturalists S.I. Korzhinsky. In historical terms, scientific research in Buzuluk pine forest has been carried out since the creation in the pinery of a scientific base - the pine forest experimental station named after A.P. Tolsky. Buzuluksky Bor's problems include: periodic droughts; forest fires over large areas; previous clear cutting; damage to forest crops by pests. On the territory of Buzuluksky Bor, 679 species of vascular plants belonging to 97 families and 353 genera grow (excluding producers), which makes 56% of the total number of species of the Orenburg region. The dominant breed Buzuluk pine forest is an Scotch pine. Buzuluksky Bor is bordered on almost all sides by a strip of deciduous forest, bordering a treeless steppe. About 40% of the area is currently occupied by pine, 21% by oak, 11% by maple, linden and alder, and about 28% by birch, aspen and other small-leaved species. According to V.N. Sukachev, the pine forests of the Buzuluksky Bor are represented by 17 types, which fall into four groups: a) lichen pine forests (Pineta cladinosa), b) mossy pine forests (Pineta pseudoherbosa), c) false grassy pine forests (Pineta pseudoherbosa), d) complex pine forests).
Total Phenolic Content of Methanol Extract from Buni Fruits (Antidesma bunius L.) Water
Authors: Yasser M. , Rafi Mohamad , Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Asfar Andi Muhamad Iqbal Akbar , Widiyanti Setyo Erna
Published: November 2020

Buni Fruit Water was extracted with methanol solvent using Ultrasound technology at a temperature of 50°C for 45 minutes. Total Phenolic Content contained in the methanol extract of buni fruits water is 67 mg / g in GAE. The results of interpretation using GCMS obtained three phenolic compounds, namely 3-(Hydrazinomethyl) Phenol, 5 Allyl-2 Methoxy Phenol and 3 (3,5-di-Tertier Butyl, 4-Hydroxyphenyl) Propionic Acid. IR Spectrum analysis results obtained aromatic and OH group as a marker of the presence of phenolic compounds. These results indicate that the Buni fruit water can be developed as functional food.
Optimal Conditions for Chromosomal Dna Isolation and Pcr Amplification of the Internal Transcribe Spacer Rdna Region of Four Riau Penicillium Isolates
Authors: Sukarno Siprianus C , Mariesta Yessica , Gusti Ade G , Rahman Elfina , Saryono  , Nugroho Titania T
Published: November 2020

The genus Penicillium has currently 549 described species. Many members of this genus are economically important, both in positive and negative ways. Correct molecular identification of isolated species is important for their utilization. Penicillium LBKURCC37.1, LBKURCC37.2, LBKURCC38 and LBKURCC39 are four strains isolated from Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve natural forest located in Riau. Although already identified morphology as members of Penicillium, their species identity still needs to be determined by molecular methods. The aim of this study was to determine optimal conditions for chromosomal DNA isolation and amplification of the Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region of Penicillium LBKURCC37.1, LBKURCC37.2, LBKURCC38 and LBKURCC39, for subsequent use in molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Our results show that chromosomal DNA could be isolated from two to three days old cultures, depending on the strain. Various annealing temperatures were explored for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the ITS rDNA regions of the fungal chromosomal DNA. All strains required an annealing temperature of 42°C before producing PCR bands representing the ITS rDNA region with sizes ranging from 590 bp to 732 bp.
The Novel Synthesis of CaMnO3 Perovskite Type-Oxide and its Catalytic Activity for Degradation of Dye
Authors: Dewi N , Setyarini W , Anggraini R , Siregar S S , Awaluddin A
Published: November 2020

The CaMnO3 perovskite type-oxide has been synthesized using a citrate sol-gel method using two different MnO2 precursors and calcium carbonate. The cryptomelane-type manganese oxide precursor produced well-crystalline CaMnO3 perovskite, whereas pyrolusite-type manganese oxide (commercial) generated mixtures of CaMnO3 perovskite and un-reacted MnO2 using the same CaCO3 as other precursor. The CaCO3/MnO2 mole ratio seems to play a crucial role to obtain high purity of the CaMnO3 perovskite. The CaMnO3 perovskite proves to have high catalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. This Fenton catalyst is able to degrade 98.5% of MB within 20 minutes of degradation times at pH 2.
Proving the Formula for the Area of a Circle using Hawgent Dynamic Mathematics Software
Authors: Tan S , Wijaya T T , Zou Lingjie , Hermita N
Published: November 2020

The purpose of mathematics learning is to understand the basic concept and use it in everyday life. So teaching and learning activities should be centered on the basic concepts. The author use Hawgent dynamic mathematics software to prove the formula for the area of a circle. This research uses the ADDIE model. According to the evaluation result of education and information technology experts, Hawgent dynamic mathematics software can prove the formula for the area of a circle. According to the actual teaching and feedback from teachers and students, Hawgent dynamic mathematics software plays a positive role in proving and understanding of the area formula of a circle. Therefore, using Hawgent dynamic mathematics software in teaching can better help students' classroom learning.
Using Learning Media Based Autoplay Media Studio 8.0 on Student Learning Outcomes in Acid Base Material
Authors: Irfandi  , Erna Maria , Rasmiwetti
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the research to determine student learning outcomes by learning media based autoplay media studio 8.0 on acid-base material in class XI MIPA in SMAN 6 Pekanbaru. The research design used was posttest only group design with Mann-Whitney U nonparametric analysis that there were significant differences in student learning outcomes using learning media based on studio autoplay media 8.0 with the significance of Mann-Whitney U 0,000 <0.005 with an average and observations of student attitudes during the learning process. The results showed learning outcomes of 89 compared to the control class 79. Based on observations of the learning process using the autoplay media studio 8.0 media, it was found that there was an increase in the attitude of cooperation, discipline, responsibility, activeness and curiosity of students. The results of this study are recommended to be applied to online learning.
Prospective elementary teachers’ perspectives on online mathematics learning during coronavirus outbreak
Authors: Putra Zetra Hainul , Witri Gustimal , Sari Intan Kartika
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks have changed learning models from face-to-face to online learning. This change has an impact on students' readiness in participating in learning. To deal with this situation, this study aims to investigate prospective elementary teachers’ perspective on online mathematics learning. Thirty-eight prospective elementary teachers from a public teacher institution in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, participated in this study. The informants were asked to answer an open question at the end of the course related to their views on online mathematics learning during COVID-19 pandemic. The findings showed that the online course was less effective due to poor internet connection and limited internet quota. Those problems affected their performance on understanding the mathematics contents, interacting with the teacher and other students, and doing assignments. However, few prospective teachers provided positive attitude toward online mathematics learning. An implication for this study was the government must intervene and provide support for online learning success.
Industrial Scale Bioprocess Simulation for Ganoderma Lucidum Production using Superpro Designer
Authors: Araque J , Niño L , Gelves G
Published: November 2020

The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is used by traditional medicine for human infection treatments such as gastric cancer, hypertension, hepatitis, chronic bronchitis and hypocholesterolemia. However, the conventional production of Ganoderma in a solid phase on a large scale is costly and requires excessive processing times, which hinders its technical-economic viability. Based on the preceding, engineering studies are needed to predict their large-scale production, to identify the necessary industrial equipment and costs to propose strategies that reduce operating costs. The SuperPro Designer computational tool is a very versatile simulator used in a wide variety of industrial applications. That is why the purpose of this research is to evaluate the production of the Ganoderma lucidum fungus in large-scale growth culture from a computational approach. The latter, by performing simulations using SuperPro Designer software to identify process yields and propose improvements aimed at increasing productivity. The software was calibrated with experimental data reported from literature and different strategies were intended to determine the economic viability. It was found that the volume of the bioreactor significantly affects production costs compared to exopolysaccharides yields, obtaining values of 6.82 USD/g in a 2 m3 bioreactor while in a production volume of 20 m3 the costs are significantly reduced to 0.8 USD/g. The findings found here demonstrate the importance of predicting a large-scale bioprocess to improve the overall productivity of a biotechnological product.
Evaluation of preliminary plant design for Chlorella vulgaris microalgae production focused on cosmetics purposes
Authors: Caicedo Y , Suarez C , Gelves G
Published: November 2020

Although there are currently different large-scale microalgae production systems, its performance is subject to high production cost problems. That is why the main goal of this research is analyzing the feasibility of obtaining the Chlorella vulgaris microalgae from a proposed preliminary industrial plant design, considering its use in the cosmeceutical industry as skin care. Parameters used in the SuperPro Designer simulations were programmed based on experimental data reported from bibliography. For biomass and cell extract production, a Bold Basal enriched medium at 1% with soy flour was used. It is found that mass flow significantly affects production costs since a product value of 8.58 USD/ml was estimated operating the plant with 20 kg/h of mass flow. Interestingly 84 % unit reduction cost was improved by operating the proposed plant at 140 kg/h mass flow since 1.34 USD/ml of cosmetic product was determined. These findings show the potentiality of Chlorella vulgaris to be positioned in the world market. The latter, by considering its dependence on a successfully large scale plant. The above, in order to identify potential improvements focused on maximizing productivity and profits at the lowest operating cost.
Prediction of Jakarta Composite Index Using Neural Network Model and Genetic Optimization
Authors: Santoso R , Warsito B , Yasin H
Published: November 2020

Researches related to prediction of stock price data have been developing rapidly. Likewise, the modeling techniques used for predictive purposes are also increasing along with advances in the field of computing. This study applied neural network model in predicting the Jakarta Composite Index data as a case of time series. The optimization method used was genetic algorithm. This method is included in one of the heuristic techniques. Unlike standard optimization methods, genetic algorithms do not use gradients as a basis for search techniques. Parameters in the neural network model are obtained from the process of decoding chromosomes from generation to generation. In comparison, the two gradient-based optimization methods were also applied, i.e Conjugate Gradient and Gradient Descent. The results showed the superiority of genetic algorithms compared to other optimization methods in out-sample prediction whereas, the in-sample prediction of gradient-based optimization methods achieve better precision.
Identification of Knowledge Mitigation of Forest and Land Fire Disasters; A Preliminary Study for Management of Disaster Learning in Elementary School
Authors: Noviana Eddy , Kurniaman Otang , Guslinda  , Munjiatun  , Zufriady  , Dewi Ratna Sari
Published: November 2020

This study aims to identify knowledge of forest and land fire disaster mitigation. Knowledge of disaster mitigation in question is factual knowledge, conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and metacognitive knowledge. The research method uses descriptive quantitative. Research respondents were 99 elementary school students. The results of research on forest and land fire disaster mitigation knowledge on (1) factual knowledge aspects obtained an average score of 57.41 with a sufficient category; (2) aspects of conceptual knowledge gained an average score of 53.54 in the sufficient category; (3) aspects of procedural knowledge gained fewer categories with an average score of 42.09; (4) aspects of metacognitive knowledge fewer categories with an average score of 38.73. The conclusion of the research is the knowledge of forest fire, and land fire disaster mitigation students in elementary schools was identified in the fewer category with an average score of 49.19.
Live Expectancy Modelling using Spatial Durbin Robust Model
Authors: Hakim Arief Rachman , Warsito Budi , Yasin Hasbi
Published: November 2020

Spatial regression model is a model used to determine the relationship between response variables and predictor variables that have spatial influence in them. If the two variables have spatial influence, then the model that will be formed is the Spatial Durbin Model. One of the causes of the inaccuracy of the spatial regression model in predicting is observations of outliers. Removing outliers in spatial analysis can change the composition of spatial effects on the data. One method of settlement due to outliers in the spatial regression model is to use robust spatial regression. The application of the M-estimator parameter estimator principle is done in estimating the coefficient of spatial regression parameters that are robust to outliers. The results of modelling by applying the principle of M-estimator estimator on estimating the robust Spatial Durbin Model regression parameters are expected to be able to accommodate the existence of outliers in the spatial regression model. One example of the application of the Spatial Durbin Model Robust is the case of life expectancy modelling.
Evaluation of Root Traits at the Seeding Stage Using Rhizobox System
Authors: Deviona
Published: November 2020

Studying and observing the distribution of roots as the ‘hidden half’ is very complicated because it requires an appropriate method and an understanding of the significant influences of the environment on the root growth. The root system is recognized as having a relationship with the crop productivity, thus can be optimized to increase crop productivity, particularly for growth under low input condition involving unevenly distributed water and nutrient surrounding the rhizosphere. The aim of this study is to evaluate the root growth in the seeding stage and QTL analysis using the Rhizobox system. In this study, ninety-three recombinant inbred lines originated from a cross between Peking and Tamahomare (PT-RILs) were used to identify for the QTL analysis. The seed of the soybean is planted in germination paper in the Rhizobox system for six days. Root parameters are the number of roots, root length, root growth angle (measured from the vertical axis by using software Image J), root width, and root depth. The results showed that for all traits, the PT RILs population exhibited a broad and continuous distribution of values ranging between the values of the parental cultivar. A total of nine putative QTLs were identified for the eight of the nine tested traits. No significant QTLs for root growth angle was detected. The phenotypic variation explained by each QTL range 14-21 %. In terms of root surface area, two major QTL was located on Chr.9 and Chr.19 for root width and root depth. Meanwhile QTLs for root length was located on Chr.8 and Chr.11
Microplastics in Gastrointestinal Track of Some Commercial Fishes from Bengkalis Waters, Riau Province Indonesia
Authors: Amin Bintal , Febriani Intan Suci , Nurrachmi Irvina , Fauzi M.
Published: November 2020

Microplastic is a particle that has a size of <5 mm, where its existence might be able to contaminate the biota in the aquatic environment. This research was conducted in the coastal waters of Bengkalis Island in early 2020 with the aim to determine the types and analyze its abundance of microplastics in each area with suspected different sources of input. Thirty six individual samples of Duri fish (Arius maculatus), Lomek (Harpodon nehereus), and Biang (Setipinna breviceps) were collected from the north and south parts of Bengkalis island with the help of local fishermen in each sampling location. The average abundance of microplastics found in the gastrointestinal tract of fish was 62.96 particles/ind which consisted of fiber, film and fragment. The highest microplastics abundance was found in Duri fish (72.22 particles/ind), whilst the lowest was found in Lomek fish (55.56 particles/ind). Although the abundance of microplastic in coastal waters of north Bengkalis (Malacca Straits area) were higher that that in the south of Bengkalis (Begkalis Straits area), statistically they were not significantly different (p>0.05). This was presumably due to differences in oceanographic influences such as current and waves between the two water masses as well as anthropogenic activities in both areas that can affect the spread and distribution of microplastics.
Pit Composting Methods for Community Based Waste Treatment (A Case Study in Ngadimulyo Village)
Authors: Sumiyati S , Lantip D S , Huboyo H S , Ramadan B S , Hadiwidodo M , Samadikun B P , Wirawan A P , Rofiq I A , Yumaroh S
Published: November 2020

The estimated municipal solid waste produced in Temanggung District is 486.8 tons/day, with a large composition of organic waste, which is around 70% of the total waste generation. Community participation in village waste management is a form of community institutional strengthening in the village waste management. A waste management plan is needed as a program to create a zero-waste society in Ngadimulyo Village. This study aims to analyze the potential and existing conditions of waste management and plan a pit composting system for waste management. The technique used in this study is a survey, composting test, making compost pits that after this called kowen or pit composting, and testing the maturity of compost. Better waste management can be developed with operational engineering sub-systems and the application of appropriate technology.
What’s Wrong with Palm Oil, Why is it Accused of Damaging the Environment?
Authors: Syahza Almasdi , Irianti Mitri , Suwondo  , Nasrul Besri
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the strategies for empowering rural economies based on oil palm in an effort to control the potential environmental impacts in the development of oil palm plantations. The research location in Riau Province area. The commodity of palm oil is the most popular especially in the Riau region. The area of oil palm plantations in 2001 was 1,119,798 ha, increasing to 2,503,566 ha in 2017 with an average growth of 5.16% per year. Other plantations such as rubber and coconut actually experienced a decline. The expansion of the plantation area is followed by an increase in the production of crude palm oil. The CPO production capability in the Riau region is supported by 261 units of palm oil mill (POM) with a capacity of processing 12,470 tons per hour. Oil palm plantation activities contribute to the regional and national economy. Oil palm farming has proven to be able to improve the welfare of the community and reduce poverty. The government has issued a policy, the development of oil palm plantations must be in line with the goals of sustainable development (SDGs).