bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Two Variables PID Control Algorithm in Precision Clock Disciplining System
Authors: Miao Xinyu , Hu Changjun , Qiao Yaojun
Published: September 2024

Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) is a common clock disciplining algorithm. In satellite clock source equipment and in Internet of Things (IoT) sensor nodes it is usually required that both time and frequency signals have high accuracy. Because the traditional PID clock disciplining method used in the equipment only performs PID calculation and feedback control on single variable, such as frequency, the time accuracy error of the clock source is large and even has inherent deviation. By using the integral relationship between frequency and time, a new two variables PID control algorithm for high-precision clock disciplining is proposed in this paper. Time is taken as the constraint variable to make the time deviation converge. It can guarantee a high accuracy of time and high long-term stability of frequency. At the same time, frequency is taken as the feedback variable to make frequency obtain fast convergence. It can ensure high short-term stability of the frequency and the continuity of time. So, it can make the time and frequency of the disciplined clock have high accuracy and stability at the same time. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it is simulated based on the GNSS disciplined clock model. The GNSS time after Kalman filtering is used as the time reference to discipline the local clock. The simulation results show that the time deviation range of a local clock after convergence is −0.38 ns∼0.31 ns, the frequency accuracy is better than 1×10−15 averaging over one day, and the long-term time stability (TDEV) for a day is about 7 ps when using the two variables PID algorithm. Compared with the single variable PID algorithm, the time accuracy of the two variables PID algorithm is improved by about one order of magnitude and the long-term time stability (TDEV) is improved by about two orders of magnitude. The research results indicate that the two variables PID control algorithm has great application potential for the development of clock source equipment and other bivariate disciplining scenarios.
The Iceberg Model for Integrated Aircraft Health Monitoring Based on AI, Blockchain, and Data Analytics
Authors: Kabashkin Igor
Published: September 2024

The increasing complexity of modern aircraft systems necessitates advanced monitoring solutions to ensure operational safety and efficiency. Traditional aircraft health monitoring systems (AHMS) often rely on reactive maintenance strategies, detecting only visible faults while leaving underlying issues unaddressed. This gap can lead to critical failures and unplanned downtime, resulting in significant operational costs. To address this issue, this paper proposes the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technologies within an enhanced AHMS, utilizing the iceberg model as a conceptual framework to illustrate both visible and hidden defects. The model highlights the importance of detecting and addressing issues at the earliest possible stages, ensuring that hidden defects are identified and mitigated before they evolve into significant failures. The rationale behind this approach lies in the need for a predictive maintenance system capable of identifying and mitigating hidden risks before they escalate. Key tasks completed in this study include: a comparative analysis of the proposed system with existing monitoring solutions, the selection of AI algorithms for fault prediction, and the development of a blockchain-based infrastructure for secure, transparent data sharing. The evolution of AHMS is discussed, emphasizing the shift from traditional monitoring to advanced, predictive, and prescriptive maintenance approaches. This integrated approach demonstrates the potential to significantly improve fault detection, optimize maintenance schedules, and enhance data security across the aviation industry.
Unified Aviation Maintenance Ecosystem on the Basis of 6G Technology
Authors: Kabashkin Igor
Published: September 2024

The advent of 6G technology will transforms aviation, particularly in the realm of aircraft health monitoring systems (AHMSs). This paper explores the transformative potential of 6G in enhancing real-time data exchange, predictive maintenance, and overall communication efficiency within the aviation sector. By using ultra-fast data transmission, low latency, and advanced AI integration, 6G enables the development of a unified AHMS architecture that significantly improves aircraft safety, operational efficiency, and reliability. The proposed eight-layer AHMS model, incorporating digital twins, federated learning, and edge computing, showcases how 6G can revolutionize aircraft maintenance by providing continuous, real-time monitoring and decision-making capabilities.
Feasible Solutions for Low-Carbon Thermal Electricity Generation and Utilization in Oil-Rich Developing Countries: A Literature Review
Authors: Ochoa-Correa Danny , Arévalo Paul , Villa-Ávila Edisson , Espinoza Juan L. , Jurado Francisco
Published: September 2024

Transitioning to low-carbon energy systems is crucial for sustainable development, particularly in oil-rich developing countries (ORDCs) that face intertwined economic and environmental challenges. This review uses the PRISMA methodology to systematically assess the current state and prospects of low-carbon thermal electricity generation and utilization technologies in ORDCs. The study emphasizes clean thermal technologies such as biogas, biofuels, biomass, hydrogen, and geothermal energy, focusing on solutions that are technically feasible, economically viable, and efficient in combustion processes. These nations face significant challenges, including heavy reliance on fossil fuels, transmission losses, and financial constraints, making energy diversification urgent. The global shift towards renewable energy and the need to mitigate climate change presents an opportunity to adopt low-carbon solutions that align with Sustainable Development Goals related to energy access, economic growth, and climate action. This review aims to (1) evaluate the current state of low-carbon thermal electricity technologies, (2) analyze the technical and economic challenges related to combustion processes and energy efficiency, and (3) provide recommendations for research and policy initiatives to advance the transition toward sustainable thermal energy systems in ORDCs. The review highlights practical approaches for diversifying energy sources in these nations, focusing on overcoming existing barriers and supporting the implementation of clean thermal technologies.
Object Extraction-Based Comprehensive Ship Dataset Creation to Improve Ship Fire Detection
Authors: Akhmedov Farkhod , Mukhamadiev Sanjar , Abdusalomov Akmalbek , Cho Young-Im
Published: September 2024

The detection of ship fires is a critical aspect of maritime safety and surveillance, demanding high accuracy in both identification and response mechanisms. However, the scarcity of ship fire images poses a significant challenge to the development and training of effective machine learning models. This research paper addresses this challenge by exploring advanced data augmentation techniques aimed at enhancing the training datasets for ship and ship fire detection. We have curated a dataset comprising ship images (both fire and non-fire) and various oceanic images, which serve as target and source images. By employing diverse image blending methods, we randomly integrate target images of ships with source images of oceanic environments under various conditions, such as windy, rainy, hazy, cloudy, or open-sky scenarios. This approach not only increases the quantity but also the diversity of the training data, thus improving the robustness and performance of machine learning models in detecting ship fires across different contexts. Furthermore, we developed a Gradio web interface application that facilitates selective augmentation of images. The key contribution of this work is related to object extraction-based blending. We propose basic and advanced data augmentation techniques while applying blending and selective randomness. Overall, we cover eight critical steps for dataset creation. We collected 9200 ship fire and 4100 ship non-fire images. From the images, we augmented 90 ship fire images with 13 background images and achieved 11,440 augmented images. To test the augmented dataset performance, we trained Yolo-v8 and Yolo-v10 models with “Fire” and “No-fire” augmented ship images. In the Yolo-v8 case, the precision-recall curve achieved 96.6% (Fire), 98.2% (No-fire), and 97.4% mAP score achievement in all classes at a 0.5 rate. In Yolo-v10 model training achievement, we got 90.3% (Fire), 93.7 (No-fire), and 92% mAP score achievement in all classes at 0.5 rate. In comparison, both trained models’ performance is outperforming other Yolo-based SOTA ship fire detection models in overall and mAP scores.
RSM-Based Optimization Analysis for Cold Plasma and Ultrasound-Assisted Drying of Caraway Seed
Authors: Namjoo Moslem , Dibagar Nesa , Golbakhshi Hossein , Figiel Adam , Masztalerz Klaudia
Published: September 2024

In this study, the hot-air drying of caraway seeds was enhanced using two nonthermal physical field technologies: cold plasma (CP) and ultrasonic waves (US). Air drying temperatures of 35, 45, and 55 °C with CP pretreatment exposure times (CPt) of 25 and 50 s were used. When convective drying was accompanied by US, power levels (USp) of 60, 120, and 180 W were applied. Experimentally, the most effective contribution was found by using both CP pretreatment (25 s) and US (180 W), in which the maximum decreases of 31% and 39% were estimated for the drying period and specific energy consumption, respectively. The total color change, the rupture force, TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity were also estimated for evaluating the quality of dried products. In a CP-US-assisted drying program (25 s, 180 W), the minimum change in color and the rupture force were found to be 6.40 N and 20.21 N, respectively. Compared to the pure air drying, the combined application of CP and US resulted in a mean increase of 53.2, 43.6, and 24.01% in TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity of extracts at the temperature of 35 °C. Based on the response surface methodology (RSM) approach and obtained experimental data, accurate mathematical predictive models were developed for finding the optimal drying condition. The optimization process revealed that 39 °C, 180 W, and 23 s resulted in a desirability of 0.78 for drying caraway seeds.
Effects of Low Field Temperature on the Physicochemical Properties and Fine Structure Stability of High-Quality Rice Starch during the Grain Filling Stage
Authors: Pang Xutong , Zhang Dongmeng , Xue Haobo , Yao Dongping , Shen Hong , Mou Baohui , Gu Panqi , Zhou Ruijuan , Meng Fudie , Wu Jun , Lei Dongyang , Bai Bin
Published: September 2024

The consumption of high-quality rice is increasing. Low temperatures during grain filling may affect the starch synthesis of high-quality rice and thus affect the quality of the rice itself. In this study, two high-quality conventional rice cultivars and two high-quality hybrid rice cultivars were selected and sown at a low temperature and normal temperature in the field. The low temperature during grain filling increased the amylose content, final viscosity, setback, short amylopectin chain ratio, and degree of amylopectin branching in four high-quality rice cultivars; meanwhile, the amylopectin content, gelatinization temperature, proportion of medium-long chain amylopectin, and the short-range order of starch decreased. Compared with the normal temperature, the alterations in the physicochemical and structural qualities of high-quality conventional rice cultivars YZX and NX42 were less significant at lower temperatures. The starch quality of high-quality conventional rice was more stable than hybrid high-quality rice.
Systematic Analysis of miR-506-3p Target Genes Identified Key Mediators of Its Differentiation-Inducing Function
Authors: Cardus Daniela F. , Smith Mitchell T. , Vernaza Alexandra , Smith Jadyn L. , Del Buono Brynn , Parajuli Anupa , Lewis Emma G. , Mesa-Diaz Nakya , Du Liqin
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: miR-506-3p has been demonstrated to be a strong inducer of neuroblastoma cell differentiation, highlighting the potential of applying miR-506-3p mimics to neuroblastoma differentiation therapy. However, the target genes of miR-506-3p that mediate its differentiation-inducing function have not been fully defined. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the targetome of miR-506-3p regarding its role in regulating neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Methods: We combined gene expression profiling and functional high-content screening (HCS) to identify miR-506-3p target genes that have differentiation-modulating functions. For evaluating the potential clinical relevance of the identified genes, we analyzed the correlations of gene expressions with neuroblastoma patient survival. Results: We identified a group of 19 target genes with their knockdown significantly inducing cell differentiation, suggesting that these genes play a key role in mediating the differentiation-inducing activity of miR-506-3p. We observed significant correlations of higher mRNA levels with lower patient survival with 13 of the 19 genes, suggesting that overexpression of these 13 genes plays important roles in promoting neuroblastoma development by disrupting the cell differentiation pathways. Conclusions: Through this study, we identified novel target genes of miR-506-3p that function as strong modulators of neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Our findings represent a significant advancement in understanding the mechanisms by which miR-506-3p induces neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Future investigations of the identified 13 genes are needed to fully define their functions and mechanisms in controlling neuroblastoma cell differentiation, the understanding of which may reveal additional targets for developing novel differentiation therapeutic agents.
Global Historical Megatsunamis Catalog (GHMCat)
Authors: Ferrer Mercedes , González-de-Vallejo Luis I.
Published: September 2024

The Global Historical Megatsunamis Catalog (GHMCat) is presented for the first time, including events with the largest waves recorded in historical times. An objective criterion is established to identify megatsunamis based on the maximum wave height (runup) of all recorded events. A threshold value of 35 m for maximum wave height is proposed based on the analysis of the statistical distribution of the maximum wave heights documented. The catalog was compiled through a systematic review and verification of tsunami events from the two existing Global Historical Tsunami Databases (GHTDs). A list of 40 megatsunamis from 1674 to the present is presented, including descriptions of their maximum wave heights, causes and sources according to the available and verified information, along with the main bibliographical references that support the data gathered in the catalog. The majority of megatsunamis have originated from large landslides, predominantly subaerial, with fewer caused by submarine landslides or associated with volcanic explosions. The geographical distribution of source locations shows that megatsunamis most frequently occur in bays and fjords in glaciated areas and in inland bodies of water, such as lakes and rivers. Notably, certain regions of Alaska and Norway experienced an unusual frequency of megatsunamis, particularly in the early 20th century. The information provided by the GHMCat allows for a comprehensive historical overview of megatsunamis, establishing relationships between their causes, wave heights, and geographic distribution over the past 350 years. This may contribute to advancing the study of the causes and origins of megatsunamis and aid in their prevention in high-risk regions.
Complementary Musical Intervention for Patients in Palliative Care in Spain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Valero-Cantero Inmaculada , Vázquez-Sánchez María Ángeles , Casals-Sánchez José Luis , Espinar-Toledo Milagrosa , Corral-Pérez Juan , Casals Cristina
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients with advanced cancer often endure a heavy burden of symptoms, both in quantity and intensity. Complementary therapies offer potential relief in this challenging scenario. Increasing the number of randomized controlled trials provides a unique opportunity to generate rigorous data, which can be used to establish causal relationships and evaluate interventions; hence, nurses can strengthen evidence-based practices, leading to better patient outcomes and quality of care. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 7-day pre-recorded music intervention on cancer symptoms and satisfaction in advanced-stage cancer patients receiving palliative care at home. Methods: This multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial involved 80 Spanish cancer patients receiving palliative care at home, and was conducted from July 2020 to November 2021. The intervention group (n = 40) received self-selected pre-recorded music for 30 min daily over 7 days. The control group (n = 40) received pre-recorded basic health education sessions of equal duration and frequency. Symptoms and patient satisfaction were assessed before and after the intervention using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, respectively. Results: Comparing the intervention with the control group, significant improvements were observed in various symptoms: total symptom burden (p < 0.001), pain (p = 0.001), fatigue (p = 0.007), depression (p = 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.005), drowsiness (p = 0.006), appetite (p = 0.047), well-being (p ≤ 0.001), and sleep (p < 0.001); additionally, patient satisfaction was higher in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The 7-day pre-recorded music intervention reduced both physical and psychological symptoms in advanced-stage cancer patients receiving home-based palliative care, demonstrating significant alleviation of overall symptom burden and increased satisfaction with healthcare.
Clinical Health Psychology Perspectives in Diabetes Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study Examining the Role of Depression in Adherence to Visits and Examinations in Type 2 Diabetes Management
Authors: Messina Rossella , Lenzi Jacopo , Rosa Simona , Fantini Maria Pia , Di Bartolo Paolo
Published: September 2024

Background: Depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impacts glycemic control and complications. This study examines the influence of depression on compliance with recommended annual diabetes assessments in patients within the Local Healthcare Authority of Romagna. From a clinical health psychology perspective, understanding how depression influences patients’ engagement in managing their conditions is crucial. This insight can help improve healthcare services by ensuring they address mental health needs and thereby enhance treatment effectiveness and overall patient outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included residents of Romagna with incident T2DM from 2015 to 2017, followed from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022. Depression was identified via hospital discharge records or antidepressant prescriptions. Adherence to diabetes care guidelines was measured using the Guideline Composite Indicator (GCI). Results: The study included 13,285 patients, with a mean age of 61.1 years. Prevalence of post-diabetes depression increased from 3.0% in 2018 to 8.9% in 2022. Initial analyses showed higher GCI rates among patients with depression. However, propensity-score adjustment revealed that by 2021–2022, patients with pre-diabetes depression had 5% lower compliance rates (p-value ≤ 0.05). Older adults with depression had reduced adherence, while younger adults with post-diabetes depression had higher adherence rates. Conclusions: Depression significantly affects adherence to diabetes care guidelines in T2DM patients, particularly among older adults. Integrated care models addressing both diabetes and depression are crucial for improving health outcomes.
Exploring Genomic Differences between a Pair of Vitis vinifera Clones Using WGS Data: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Araya-Ortega Daniela , Gainza-Cortés Felipe , Riadi Gonzalo
Published: September 2024

The differentiation of clones within grape cultivars, specifically Vitis vinifera, has significant potential for the wine industry. This differentiation involves associating morphological features or a genetic signature with a particular cultivar clone, which is a challenging task. It has been difficult to experimentally find genetic signatures that differentiate a pair of clones, despite evidence suggesting that genomic differences exist. Are there genetic or genomic differences in a pair of clones? If so, where are the variations in the genome? Are there variations in protein coding genes? We addressed these questions by performing a bioinformatic analysis to identify genetic differences between certified clones of the same cultivar. Utilising genome sequencing data from tissue samples, we identified genomic positions differing between the clones and their cultivar reference genome, meeting the filtering criteria. Applying this approach to the Carménère and Merlot clones resulted in 5718 and 5218 variations, respectively, that differentiated the clones. Visual validation of 50 variations per cultivar revealed that 12% of these variations were located in the Merlot genes, while 32% were found in the Carménère genes. We estimated between 600 and 1000 variations per cultivar that could be validated by visual inspection. Despite the presence of these variations within genes, none was found to have a disruptive effect on protein function. By comparing our results with those of previous studies, we discuss issues pertaining to clone differentiation. In conclusion, there are genomic variations in pairs of clones that allow for their differentiation, though the variations are not directly related to the phenotype.
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB) System for Large-Scale Micropropagation of Musa sp. cv Kluai Numwa Pakchong 50
Authors: Thanonkeo Sudarat , Kitwetcharoen Haruthairat , Thanonkeo Pornthap , Klanrit Preekamol
Published: September 2024

Conventional in vitro propagation using semisolid Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture systems is costly, labor-intensive, and requires substantial space for large-scale plant production. This study investigated the application of a temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) system for the micropropagation of the banana cultivar Kluai Numwa Pakchong 50, as a promising platform for economical commercial production. The cultivation parameters affecting plantlet multiplication, including plant growth regulator (PGR) use, explant density, and immersion frequency, were examined. Additionally, the ex vitro acclimatization of well-developed in vitro plantlets was also evaluated. Using liquid MS medium supplemented with 7.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the TIB system yielded significantly better results than the conventional semisolid MS control system, producing more shoots (5.60 shoots/explant) and leaves (2.80 leaves/explant) with longer shoot length (2.19 cm). Optimal conditions in the TIB system included an inoculum density of five explants per culture vessel and an immersion frequency of once every 6 or 8 h for 2 min. For root induction, 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) proved more effective than 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). After 30 days of ex vitro acclimatization, plantlets regenerated from the TIB system demonstrated high survival rates, vegetative growth performance, and root formation efficiency comparable to those from the semisolid culture system. These findings establish the TIB system as a promising platform for the mass propagation of the Kluai Numwa Pakchong 50 banana. The protocol developed in this study could potentially be adapted for large-scale production of other banana varieties.
Psychotherapeutic Playback Theatre, Well-Being, and Psychological Distress: An Impact Study
Authors: Gonzalez António-José , Lima Margarida Pedroso de , Preto Luís , Martins Paulo
Published: September 2024

Psychotherapeutic Playback Theatre (PPT) is a new psychotherapeutic format inspired by Playback Theatre and several therapies. The research presented here aims to study the impact of PPT on the Well-being and Psychological Distress of participants in this expressive-based group psychotherapy. To achieve this, after training 30 psychotherapists and creating an implementation handbook for their use, the research team assisted 20 of them (individually or in groups of two or three) in implementing therapeutic groups that offered 12 weekly sessions, each lasting two to three hours. Nine groups were formed, including a total of 50 participants, who were assessed before and after the PPT program using questionnaires evaluating Psychological Distress and Well-being. The latter consisted of six subscales: Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Personal Growth, Positive Relations with Others, Purpose in Life, and Self-Acceptance. A control group of 50 participants was assessed using the same variables. No significant differences were found between pre- and post-tests in the control group. However, significant differences were observed in the PPT group, with Psychological Distress decreasing and Well-being improving, both on the total scale and across all subscales except for Self-Acceptance. This set of results allows us to establish connections between participation in the PPT sessions and the positive psycho-emotional effects on participants.
Senior Theater Projects: Enhancing Physical Health and Reducing Depression in Older Adults
Authors: Kodama Ayuto , Watanabe Nobuko , Ozawa Hitomi , Imamura Shinsuke , Umetsu Yoko , Sato Manabu , Ota Hidetaka
Published: September 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of a theater training program intervention on the physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older people. Methods: Of the 59 participants, 30 were the control group, and 29 were the intervention group. We assessed physical and mental/cognitive functions and criteria of physical frailty. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the usual walking speed (UWS) (p < 0.01), grip strength (GS) (p < 0.01), and GDS-15 (p < 0.05) improved significantly in the intervention group, whereas the Geriatric Depression Scale short-form (GDS-15) (p < 0.01) worsened significantly in the control group. Cognitive function was not significantly different between the two groups. Physical frailty was unchanged in the control group but significantly improved in the intervention group (p < 0.05), and a significant interaction was found for GDS-15 in ANOVA (F = 5.76, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that a theater intervention for the older adults may be effective in preventing and improving depression and physical frailty in old age.
The Comparative Oncology of Canine Malignant Melanoma in Targeted Therapy: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Experiments and Animal Model Reports
Authors: He Xiaohui , Gao Yu , Deng Yuqing , He Junying , Nolte Ingo , Murua Escobar Hugo , Yu Feng
Published: September 2024

Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is highly aggressive and mostly located in the oral cavity. CMM is the predominant type of canine oral malignancy and shows striking homologies with human mucosal melanoma. In comparative oncology, canine oral melanomas (COMs), as spontaneous tumor models, have the potential to acquire a unique value as a translational model of rare human melanoma subtypes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of targeted therapies for canine malignant melanoma and to enrich the field of comparative oncology. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases for studies from 1976 to April 2024. Studies were selected based on their relevance to targeted treatments. A total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the treatment approaches, the studies were further categorized into immunotherapies, small molecule signaling inhibitors, indirect kinase inhibitors, and other alternative strategies. Some treatments have been shown to result in stable disease or partial response, accounting for 29% (monoclonal antibody) and 76.5% (micro-RNA therapies) in clinical trials. Moreover, in vitro experiments of small molecule inhibitors, including cell signaling inhibitors and indirect kinase inhibitors, have shown the potential to be an effective treatment option for the development of therapeutic strategies in canine malignant melanoma. The observed response in in vitro experiments of CMM (particularly the oral and certain cutaneous subtypes) to drugs used in the treatment of human melanoma underlines the resemblance to human melanoma, therefore supporting the notion that CMM may be a valuable model for understanding rare human melanoma subtypes and exploring potential therapeutic avenues in preclinical trials. Finally, this literature review serves as a valuable resource for the development of therapeutic strategies for CMM and highlights the potential for translating these findings to human cancer treatment.
Genomic Landscape and Regulation of RNA Editing in Pekin Ducks Susceptible to Duck Hepatitis A Virus Genotype 3 Infection
Authors: Zhao Haonao , Wu Zifang , Wang Zezhong , Ru Jinlong , Wang Shuaiqin , Li Yang , Hou Shuisheng , Zhang Yunsheng , Wang Xia
Published: September 2024

RNA editing is increasingly recognized as a post-transcriptional modification that directly affects viral infection by regulating RNA stability and recoding proteins. the duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3 (DHAV-3) infection is seriously detrimental to the Asian duck industry. However, the landscape and roles of RNA editing in the susceptibility and resistance of Pekin ducks to DHAV-3 remain unclear. Here, we profiled dynamic RNA editing events in liver tissue and investigated their potential functions during DHAV-3 infection in Pekin ducks. We identified 11,067 informative RNA editing sites in liver tissue from DHAV-3-susceptible and -resistant ducklings at three time points during virus infection. Differential RNA editing sites (DRESs) between S and R ducks were dynamically changed during infection, which were enriched in genes associated with vesicle-mediated transport and immune-related pathways. Moreover, we predicted and experimentally verified that RNA editing events in 3′-UTR could result in loss or gain of miRNA–mRNA interactions, thereby changing the expression of target genes. We also found a few DRESs in coding sequences (CDSs) that altered the amino acid sequences of several proteins that were vital for viral infection. Taken together, these data suggest that dynamic RNA editing has significant potential to tune physiological processes in response to virus infection in Pekin ducks, thus contributing to host differential susceptibility to DHAV-3.
The Antidepressant Drug Amitriptyline Affects Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Proliferation and Modulates Autophagy
Authors: Adornetto Annagrazia , Laganà Maria Luisa , Satriano Andrea , Licastro Ester , Corasaniti Maria Tiziana , Bagetta Giacinto , Russo Rossella
Published: September 2024

Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant commonly used for depressive disorders and is prescribed off-label for several neurological conditions like neuropathic pain, migraines and anxiety. Besides their action on the reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, tricyclic antidepressants interact with several additional targets that may contribute to either therapeutic or adverse effects. Here, we investigated the effects of amitriptyline on proliferation and autophagy (i.e., an evolutionarily conserved catabolic pathway responsible for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic material) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell cultures. The dose and time-dependent upregulation of the autophagy marker LC3II and the autophagy receptor p62, with the accumulation of LAMP1 positive compartments, were observed in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to the amitriptyline. These effects were accompanied by reduced cell viability and decreased clonogenic capacity, without a significant induction of apoptosis. Decrease viability and clonogenic activity were still observed in autophagy deficient Atg5−/− MEF and following pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y culture with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, suggesting that they were independent from autophagy modulation. Our findings demonstrate that amitriptyline acts on pathways crucial for cell and tissue homeostasis (i.e., autophagy and proliferation) and pose the basis for further studies on the potential therapeutic application of amitriptyline, as well as the consequences of its use for long-term treatments.
Periostin in Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Lung Transplant
Authors: Yeo Hye Ju , Kang Junho , Kim Yun Hak , Cho Woo Hyun
Published: September 2024

The utility of measuring serum periostin levels for predicting the occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation remains underexplored. We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between initially transplanted lung tissue and lung tissue with BOS from four patients. Periostin levels were assessed in 97 patients who had undergone lung transplantation 1 year post-transplantation and at the onset of BOS. The association between periostin levels and BOS, as well as their correlation with the decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), was evaluated. Periostin levels in the BOS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001) and the stable group (p < 0.001). Periostin levels at the onset of BOS were significantly higher than those 1 year post-transplantation in the BOS group (p < 0.001). The serum periostin levels at the time of BOS diagnosis showed a positive correlation with the reduction in FEV1 (%) (r = 0.745, p < 0.001). The increase in the serum periostin levels at the time of BOS diagnosis compared with those 1 year post-transplantation was positively correlated with reduction in FEV1 (%) (r = 0.753, p < 0.001). Thus, serum periostin levels may serve as biomarkers for predicting a decline in lung function in patients with BOS after lung transplantation.
Does the Composition of Gut Microbiota Affect Chronic Kidney Disease? Molecular Mechanisms Contributed to Decreasing Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: Młynarska Ewelina , Budny Emilian , Saar Maciej , Wojtanowska Ewa , Jankowska Justyna , Marciszuk Szymon , Mazur Marcin , Rysz Jacek , Franczyk Beata
Published: September 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very prevalent and insidious disease, particularly with initially poorly manifested symptoms that progressively culminate in the manifestation of an advanced stage of the condition. The gradual impairment of kidney function, particularly decreased filtration capacity, results in the retention of uremic toxins and affects numerous molecular mechanisms within the body. The dysbiotic intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in the accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins such as p-cresol (pC), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS) through the ongoing fermentation process. The described phenomenon leads to an elevated level of oxidative stress and inflammation, subsequently resulting in tissue damage and complications, particularly an increase in cardiovascular risk, representing the predominant cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, exploring methods to reduce uremic toxins is currently a pivotal therapeutic strategy aimed at reducing the risk of organ damage in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review aims to summarize recent discoveries on modifying the composition of the intestinal microbiota through the introduction of special probiotic and synbiotic supplements for CKD therapy. The potential to connect the gut microbiota with CKD opens the possibility for further extensive research in this area, which could lead to the incorporation of synbiotics and probiotics into the fundamental treatment and prevention of CKD.
Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Root Tissue in Drought-Tolerant and Drought-Susceptible Wheat Genotypes in Response to Water Stress
Authors: Hu Ling , Lv Xuemei , Zhang Yunxiu , Du Wanying , Fan Shoujin , Kong Lingan
Published: September 2024

Wheat is the most widely grown crop in the world; its production is severely disrupted by increasing water deficit. Plant roots play a crucial role in the uptake of water and perception and transduction of water deficit signals. In the past decade, the mechanisms of drought tolerance have been frequently reported; however, the transcriptome and metabolome regulatory network of root responses to water stress has not been fully understood in wheat. In this study, the global transcriptomic and metabolomics profiles were employed to investigate the mechanisms of roots responding to water stresses using the drought-tolerant (DT) and drought-susceptible (DS) wheat genotypes. The results showed that compared with the control group, wheat roots exposed to polyethylene glycol (PEG) had 25941 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and more upregulated genes were found in DT (8610) than DS (7141). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEGs of the drought-tolerant genotype were preferably enriched in the flavonoid biosynthetic process, anthocyanin biosynthesis and suberin biosynthesis. The integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome showed that in DT, the KEGG pathways, including flavonoid biosynthesis and arginine and proline metabolism, were shared by differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and DEGs at 6 h after treatment (HAT) and pathways including alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism and carbon metabolism were shared at 48 HAT, while in DS, the KEGG pathways shared by DAMs and DEGs only included arginine and proline metabolism at 6 HAT and the biosynthesis of amino acids at 48 HAT. Our results suggest that the drought-tolerant genotype may relieve the drought stress by producing more ROS scavengers, osmoprotectants, energy and larger roots. Interestingly, hormone signaling plays an important role in promoting the development of larger roots and a higher capability to absorb and transport water in drought-tolerant genotypes.
pH-Responsive Collagen Hydrogels Prepared by UV Irradiation in the Presence of Riboflavin
Authors: Setoyama Shoki , Haraguchi Ryota , Aoki Shigehisa , Oishi Yushi , Narita Takayuki
Published: September 2024

This study reveals the pH-responsive behavior of collagen hydrogels prepared using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with riboflavin as a photosensitizer. By varying the UV exposure time, we modulated the crosslinking density, thereby influencing the mechanical properties and pH responsiveness. Rheological analysis confirmed successful network formation, whereas swelling studies revealed significant pH-dependent behavior, with maximum swelling at a pH of four and minimal swelling above a pH of six, demonstrating partial reversibility over multiple pH cycles. Mechanical testing showed a pH-dependent elastic modulus, which increased 10 fold from a pH of 6 to 10. Fibroblast proliferation assays confirmed the biocompatibility of the hydrogels, with cell growth positively correlating with the UV exposure time. This research demonstrates the potential of UV-crosslinked collagen hydrogels in biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery, where pH responsiveness is essential.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Activating the FGF21-Adiponectin Axis
Authors: Kim Bobae , Ronaldo Rwubuzizi , Kweon Beet-Na , Yoon Solhee , Park Yein , Baek Jea-Hyun , Lee Jung Min , Hyun Chang-Kee
Published: September 2024

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise in treating metabolic disorders, yet their specific mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study investigates the protective effects of exosomes from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) against adiposity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. HFD-fed mice treated with hWJMSC-derived exosomes demonstrated improved gut barrier integrity, which restored immune balance in the liver and adipose tissues by reducing macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, these exosomes normalized lipid metabolism including lipid oxidation and lipogenesis, which alleviate lipotoxicity-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thereby decreasing fat accumulation and chronic tissue inflammation in hepatic and adipose tissues. Notably, hWJMSC-derived exosomes also promoted browning and thermogenic capacity of adipose tissues, which was linked to reduced fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) resistance and increased adiponectin production. This process activated the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway, highlighting the role of the FGF21–adiponectin axis. Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which hWJMSC-derived exosomes counteract HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions, supporting their potential as therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders.
Screening and Identification of Target Gene of StTCP7 Transcription Factor in Potato
Authors: Si Xingru , Xu Wenjin , Fan Junliang , Wang Kaitong , Zhang Ning , Si Huaijun
Published: September 2024

TCP transcription factors are involved in the regulation of plant growth and development and response to stress. Previous studies showed that StTCP7 was involved in the abiotic stress response of potato and positively regulated plant tolerance to drought stress. On the basis of previous studies, this study verified the downstream target genes of StTCP7 transcription factor binding through yeast one hybridization, double luciferase and other technologies, and conducted a preliminary analysis of the downstream target genes. The results showed that the StTCP7 transcription factor could bind the promoter region of StDAM5 and StGOLS2 and regulate the expression of their genes. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of StDAM5 gene was the highest in flower stalk tissue and the lowest in leaf stalk. The expression of StGOLS2 gene was the highest in stem, the second in stalk, and the lower in root. Both StDAM5 and StGOLS2 genes responded to abiotic stress treated with 200 mM NaCl, 20% PEG-6000 and 100 µM ABA. The expression levels of target genes StDAM5 and StGOLS2 were up-regulated in StTCP7 interfered plants. The protein encoded by the target gene StDAM5 belongs to the Type II MADS-box protein, which contains 238 amino acids and is an acidic hydrophilic protein. The analysis of StDAM5 promoter region showed that the promoter region of StDAM5 gene contained cis-acting elements such as light response and abscisic acid. Subcellular localization showed that StDAM5 protein was expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm.
EDA Variants Are Responsible for Approximately 90% of Deciduous Tooth Agenesis
Authors: Su Lanxin , Lin Bichen , Yu Miao , Liu Yang , Sun Shichen , Feng Hailan , Liu Haochen , Han Dong
Published: September 2024

Deciduous tooth agenesis is a severe craniofacial developmental defect because it affects masticatory function from infancy and may result in delayed growth and development. Here, we aimed to identify the crucial pathogenic genes and clinical features of patients with deciduous tooth agenesis. We recruited 84 patients with severe deciduous tooth agenesis. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the causative variants. Phenotype–genotype correlation analysis was conducted. We identified 54 different variants in 8 genes in 84 patients, including EDA (73, 86.9%), PAX9 (2, 2.4%), LRP6 (2, 2.4%), MSX1 (2, 2.4%), BMP4 (1, 1.2%), WNT10A (1, 1.2%), PITX2 (1, 1.2%), and EDARADD (1, 1.2%). Variants in ectodysplasin A (EDA) accounted for 86.9% of patients with deciduous tooth agenesis. Patients with the EDA variants had an average of 15.4 missing deciduous teeth. Mandibular deciduous central incisors had the highest missing rate (100%), followed by maxillary deciduous lateral incisors (98.8%) and mandibular deciduous lateral incisors (97.7%). Our results indicated that EDA gene variants are major pathogenic factors for deciduous tooth agenesis, and EDA is specifically required for deciduous tooth development. The results provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling of deciduous tooth agenesis.
A Review on Trending Machine Learning Techniques for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management
Authors: Petridis Panagiotis D. , Kristo Aleksandra S. , Sikalidis Angelos K. , Kitsas Ilias K.
Published: September 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, leading to multiple organ damage with implications for quality of life and lifespan. In recent years, the rising prevalence of T2DM globally has coincided with the digital transformation of medicine and healthcare, including extensive electronic health records (EHRs) for patients and healthy individuals. Numerous research articles as well as systematic reviews have been conducted to produce innovative findings and summarize current developments and applications of data science in the life sciences, medicine and healthcare. The present review is conducted in the context of T2DM and Machine Learning, examining relatively recent publications using tabular data and demonstrating the relevant use cases, the workflows during model building and the candidate predictors. Our work indicates that Gradient Boosting and tree-based models are the most successful ones, the SHAPley and Wrapper algorithms being quite popular feature interpretation and evaluation methods, highlighting urinary markers and dietary intake as emerging diabetes predictors besides the typical invasive ones. These results could offer insight toward better management of diabetes and open new avenues for research.
Performance of Bond between Old and New Concrete Layers: The Effective Factors, Durability and Measurement Tests—A Review
Authors: Mokhtari Sahar , Hassan Munzer
Published: September 2024

With the rise in construction costs and aging of existing concrete structures, retrofitting and strengthening have gained more popularity. Among all of the available techniques, adding new repairing layers on top of old concrete ones has proven to be highly effective. However, the efficacy of such method is dependent on the performance of the cold bond between old and new layers of concrete whose establishment requires different considerations, such as paying attention to the properties of concrete layers, namely their strength, permeability, aggregate size, density, etc., and the qualities of the interface between the layer, such as how wet it is or its roughness degree. In this paper, the factors which can impact shear and tensile bond strength are fully discussed while being categorized into two major groups of factors related to each concrete layer’s properties and those directly associated with the connection area. The durability of the bond after exposure to various environments in terms of temperature and relative humidity is also addressed and then a list and comparison of numerous tests that are commonly conducted to measure the bond strength are provided. The findings indicate the characterization of suitable materials and surface roughening techniques which can ensure an adequate bonding between substrate and overlay, along with recommendations for the scope of future research.