bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilevel approaches for FSAI preconditioning
Authors: Magri Victor A. P. , Franceschini Andrea , Ferronato Massimiliano , Janna Carlo
Published: April 2018

Factorized sparse approximate inverse (FSAI) preconditioners are robust algorithms for symmetric positive matrices, which are particularly attractive in a parallel computational environment because of their inherent and almost perfect scalability. Their parallel degree is even redundant with respect to the actual capabilities of the current computational architectures. In this work, we present two new approaches for FSAI preconditioners with the aim of improving the algorithm effectiveness by adding some sequentiality to the native formulation. The first one, denoted as block tridiagonal FSAI, is based on a block tridiagonal factorization strategy, whereas the second one, domain decomposition FSAI, is built by reordering the matrix graph according to a multilevel k‐way partitioning method followed by a bandwidth minimization algorithm. We test these preconditioners by solving a set of symmetric positive definite problems arising from different engineering applications. The results are evaluated in terms of performance, scalability, and robustness, showing that both strategies lead to faster convergent schemes regarding the number of iterations and total computational time in comparison with the native FSAI with no significant loss in the algorithmic parallel degree.
Evaluation of boost irradiation in patients with intermediate‐risk stage III Wilms tumour with positive lymph nodes only: Results from the SIOP‐WT‐2001 Registry
Authors: Dávila Fajardo Raquel , Oldenburger Eva , Rübe Christian , López‐Yurda Marta , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Bergeron Christophe , Graf Norbert , van Grotel Martine , van Tinteren Harm , Saunders Daniel , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Janssens Geert O. , Oldenburger Foppe
Published: April 2018

Objective

To evaluate the value of radiotherapy boost omission in patients with intermediate‐risk, stage III Wilms tumours (WT) with positive lymph nodes (LN).

Methods and materials

All patients with intermediate‐risk, stage III (LN positive) WT consecutively registered in the SIOP‐WT‐2001 study were included in this analysis. Endpoints were 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS), loco‐regional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Between June 2001 and May 2015, 2,569 patients with stage I to III WT after preoperative chemotherapy were registered in the SIOP‐WT‐2001 study. Five hundred and twenty‐three (20%) had stage III disease, of which 113 patients had stage III due to positive LN only. Of those, 101 (89%) received radiotherapy, 36 of which (36%) received, apart from flank irradiation, a boost dose to the LN positive area. Four patients (4%) did not receive any adjuvant radiotherapy. In eight patients information on radiotherapy was not available.

With a median follow‐up of 71 months, no difference in 5‐year EFS (84% vs. 83%, P = 0.77) and LRC (96% vs. 97%, P = 0.91) was observed between patients receiving a radiotherapy boost and those without boost, respectively. Five‐year OS, including salvage therapy, was excellent (boost vs. no boost: 97% vs. 95%, P = 0.58).

Conclusions

Outcome data demonstrate that omission of the radiotherapy boost to the loco‐regional positive lymph nodes in patients with intermediate‐risk, stage III WT who receive preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative flank irradiation (14.4 Gy) can be considered a safe approach for future SIOP protocols.
Impact of different assumptions on estimates of childhood diseases obtained from health care data: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Osokogu Osemeke U. , Pacurariu Alexandra , Mosseveld Mees , Rijnbeek Peter , Weibel Daniel , Verhamme Katia , Sturkenboom Miriam C.J.M.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Accurate estimates of disease incidence in children are required to support pediatric drug development. Analysis of electronic health care records (EHR) may yield such estimates but pediatric‐specific methods are lacking. We aimed to understand the impact of assumptions regarding duration of disease episode and length of run‐in period on incidence estimates from EHRs.

Methods

Children aged 0 to 17 years (5–17 years for asthma) registered in the Integrated Primary Care Information database between 2002 and 2014 were studied. We tested the impact of the following: maximum duration of disease episode (0, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days) on recurrent diseases (acute otitis media [common] and acute pyelonephritis [rare]); and database run‐in period on chronic diseases—asthma (common) and type 1 diabetes (DM) (rare). We calculated incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals and stratified using 1‐year age categories.

Results

Altogether, 503 495 children were registered. The incidence of acute otitis media was highest in <2‐year‐old children; using 30 days disease duration as reference, the rate increased with 8% if the duration was 14 days and decreased with 8% when extended to 60 days. Disease duration did not impact acute pyelonephritis (rare). No run‐in (to exclude prevalent cases) versus 24‐month run‐in period overestimated the incidence rate for asthma and DM by a factor of 2.

Conclusions

Analysis of EHR allows for estimation of disease incidence in children, but assumptions regarding episode length and run‐in period impact the incidence estimates. Such assumptions may be routinely explored.
Waterlogging affects plant morphology and the expression of key genes in tef (Eragrostis tef)
Authors: Cannarozzi Gina , Weichert Annett , Schnell Mirjam , Ruiz Celia , Bossard Svenja , Blösch Regula , Plaza‐Wüthrich Sonia , Chanyalew Solomon , Assefa Kebebew , Tadele Zerihun
Published: April 2018

Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], an allotetraploid cereal that is a staple food to over 60 million people in the Horn of Africa, has a high nutritional content and is resistant to many biotic and abiotic stresses such as waterlogging and drought. Three tef genotypes, Alba, Tsedey, and Quncho, were subjected to waterlogging conditions and their growth, physiology, and change in transcript expression were measured with the goal of identifying targets for breeding cultivars with improved waterlogging tolerance. Root and shoot growth and dry weight were observed over 22 days. Stomatal conductance and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were quantified. Microscopy was used to monitor changes in the stem cross sections. Illumina RNA sequencing was used to obtain the expression profiles of tef under flooding and control conditions and was verified using qPCR. Results indicated differences in growth between the three genotypes. Waterlogged Tsedey plants grew higher and had more root biomass than normally watered Tsedey plants. Quncho and Alba genotypes were more susceptible to the excess moisture stress. The effects of these changes were observed on the plant physiology. Among the three tested tef genotypes, Tsedey formed more aerenchyma than Alba and had accelerated growth under waterlogging. Tsedey and Quncho had constitutive aerenchyma. Genes affecting carbohydrate metabolism, cell growth, response to reactive oxygen species, transport, signaling, and stress responses were found to change under excess moisture stress. In general, these results show the presence of substantial anatomical and physiological differences among tef genotypes when waterlogged during the early growth stage.
Synthesis of D‐π‐A‐π type benzodithiophene‐quinoxaline copolymers by direct arylation and their application in organic solar cells
Authors: Zimmermann Diana , Sprau Christian , Schröder Jonas , Gregoriou Vasilis G. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos , Chochos Christos L. , Colsmann Alexander , Janietz Silvia , Krüger Hartmut
Published: April 2018

Conjugated copolymers based on benzodithiophene (BDT) derivatives and thiophene‐quinoxaline‐thiophene (TQT) segments represent an efficient class of light harvesting materials for organic photovoltaic (OPV) applications. Commonly, BDT‐TQT copolymers are synthesized by Stille cross‐coupling polymerization. In this study, alkoxy and thienyl functionalized alternating BDT‐alt‐TQT copolymers are synthesized by direct arylation polymerization (DArP), using Ozawa conditions. An extensive optimization of the reaction conditions such as the catalytic system, solvent, temperature, base, and the concentration of the catalyst is accomplished. The optical and electrochemical properties of the copolymers obtained by DArP are compared to the reference polymers synthesized by Stille cross‐coupling polymerization. Finally, the optimized BDT‐alt‐TQT copolymers are incorporated into organic solar cells as electron donors. The solar cells of the DArP copolymers exhibit power conversion efficiencies up to 80% (rel.) of their Stille cross coupling analogues. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1457–1467
Outside‐In Systems Pharmacology Combines Innovative Computational Methods With High‐Throughput Whole Vertebrate Studies
Authors: Schulthess Pascal , van Wijk Rob C. , Krekels Elke H. J. , Yates James W. T. , Spaink Herman P. , van der Graaf Piet H.
Published: April 2018

To advance the systems approach in pharmacology, experimental models and computational methods need to be integrated from early drug discovery onward. Here, we propose outside‐in model development, a model identification technique to understand and predict the dynamics of a system without requiring prior biological and/or pharmacological knowledge. The advanced data required could be obtained by whole vertebrate, high‐throughput, low‐resource dose‐exposure‐effect experimentation with the zebrafish larva. Combinations of these innovative techniques could improve early drug discovery.
Al‐Doped ZnO Nanowires by Electrochemical Deposition for Selective VOC Nanosensor and Nanophotodetector
Authors: Pauporté Thierry , Lupan Oleg , Postica Vasile , Hoppe Mathias , Chow Lee , Adelung Rainer
Published: April 2018

Nanomaterials for new nanosensor systems with selective detection of hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) vapors are of great demand nowadays. In this paper, the use in nanosensors of electrochemically deposited (ECD) Al‐doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) nanowires (NWs) is reported. The NWs are characterized by micro‐Raman and optical measurements. Individual ZnO and ZnO:Al NWs are integrated into nanosensor devices for room temperature UV and gas sensing. It is shown that, compared to undoped ZnO NW with irreversible response, the doped ZnO:Al NWs have faster response (≈5 s) and recovery (≈55 s), as well as enhanced UV response (≈4.8, about 2 times higher). The room temperature gas sensing investigations demonstrate that an individual ZnO:Al NW can detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) vapors such as 2‐propanol, n‐butanol and ethanol at room temperature with a relatively fast response time of ≈10 s and a reversible signal (the recovery time being 30–40 s). This shows the possibility to use it with further development as indoor air quality monitor.
Basel III capital regulations and bank profitability
Authors: Swamy Vighneswara
Published: April 2018

This study models the impact of new capital regulations proposed under Basel III framework on bank profitability in India by constructing a stylized representative bank's financial statement. It shows that, with an increase in the capital ratio in the context of new capital regulations, the banks tend to experience a rise in interest income. The results indicate that in the case of scheduled commercial banks, assuming that RWAs are unchanged, for 1‐percentage point increase in capital ratio, interest income would rise by 17 percentage points and would go up to an extent of 62 percentage points for six‐percentage‐point increase assuming that the risk‐weighted assets are unchanged. It also provides the estimations for different groups of banks and the scenarios of changes in the risk‐weighted assets, and changes in the capital ratios.
Challenges for sustainable development in Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Fearnside Philip M.
Published: April 2018

Most economic initiatives and infrastructure projects in Brazilian Amazonia have social benefits that are small and ephemeral, while their socioenvironmental impacts are severe. More sustainable forms of development are inhibited by barriers such as a decision‐making system with heavy influence (including corruption) from actors with interests in nonsustainable activities. These interests have driven a recent surge of legislative threats to environmental licensing. Better alternatives exist for many destructive forms of “development” projects. Examples include transport using rivers (rather than building highways) and electricity generation from Brazil's vast solar and wind resources (rather than hydroelectric dams). Traditional rural populations could receive support from programs that tap the value of the Amazon forest's environmental services, but institutional mechanisms are in their infancy, among challenges that include differing political interests of countries providing environmental services and those that might pay for them, lack of data and a “theoretical battlefield” regarding accounting for benefits.
Investigating long‐term lifestyle changes: A methodological proposal based on a statistical model
Authors: Le Gallic Thomas , Assoumou Edi , Maïzi Nadia
Published: April 2018

Lifestyles are both a broad and complex object of thought and a key determinant of the sustainability of our societies. A qualitative analysis of future lifestyles offers great freedom to imagine dramatic societal changes and explore paradigm shifts. Performing a quantitative analysis is less straightforward and more conceptually questionable. In this paper we introduce a statistical model that we developed for France to specifically address long‐term lifestyle changes and their consequences for the consumption of goods and services, housing demand and demand for mobility, which are key determinants of resource use and emissions. We use national social surveys to identify significant patterns. The model enables us to assess explorative scenarios if lifestyle changes are not too disruptive. In providing an explicit representation of lifestyles at a macroscopic level, it can inform us of the interrelated desirability and sustainability debate.
Aesthetic strategies to explore beyond the models of sustainable development: An analysis of Lisa Simpson's Musical Sewing
Authors: Schröder Andressa
Published: April 2018

This essay provides a critical reflection about the (lacking) ethical dimension in the conventional models of sustainability through an aesthetic approach. To perform this exercise of reflection, the work of the Brazilian artist Lisa Simpson—Agente Costura is introduced and some “unconventional” aesthetic strategies present in her work, such as embodiment, affect, mindfulness, rhythm and movement, are explored. These aesthetic strategies are demonstrated to have the potential to enhance and improve environmental perception and generate self‐reflection, engagement and responsibility. Furthermore, the processual qualities and transformative potential of sustainability are emphasized through an investigation of the complex temporal dimensions that are combined in Simpson's practice. The work of the Agente Costura enlightens not only possible alternative paths for pragmatic and multisensorial strategies to examine environmental and sustainability ethics, but also the rich role that can be played by artists and artistic practices within the increasingly necessary inter‐ and transdisciplinary collaborations for sustainability.
Microwave‐Expedited Green Synthesis, Photophysical, Computational Studies of Coumarin‐3‐yl‐thiazol‐3‐yl‐1,2,4‐triazolin‐3‐ones and Their Anticancer Activity
Authors: Shaikh Saba Kauser J. , Sannaikar Madivalagouda S. , Kumbar Mahadev N. , Bayannavar Praveen K. , Kamble Ravindra R. , Inamdar Sanjeev R. , Joshi Shrinivas D.
Published: April 2018

Mild and efficient synthesis of 5‐methyl‐4‐[(2Z)‐4‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐2‐(4‐arylimino)thiazol‐3(2H)‐yl]‐2‐(4‐aryl)‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3(4H)‐ones 7(h–s) has been developed using microwave assisted multicomponent route. The molecular structures of these novel compounds were characterized and the photophysical and thermal properties were investigated elaborately using absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence decay lifetimes and thermo gravimetric analysis. Solvatochromism was studied as a function of polarity of the solvents. The ground and excited states of electronic geometric optimizations were computed using density functional theory (DFT and TD‐DFT). The orientation of atomic orbitals and their energies were supported by HOMO‐LUMO calculations. Electrostatic potential (ESP) maps indicated the electron density predicting the reactive sites. Compounds 7(h–s) were docked into the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domain which formed a stable complex with good C‐score values. The title compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against A549, MDA‐MBA‐231, HeLa and K562 cancer cell lines which showed sensitivity against most of the tested compounds.
Influences of Graphene Nanosheets Coating on Selectively Exposed Crystal Facet ZnO
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhao Dawei , Yang Luyue , Zhao Zhen , Li Dandan , Luo Qinsheng , Zhang Ya , Cao Feng
Published: April 2018

Graphene/ZnO composite attracting increasing attention due to great photoelectrochemical performance, however, graphene nanosheets tend to be coated on the one crystal plane of ZnO is rarely investigated. Herein, we synthesized different ZnO micro‐nanoparticles with selectively exposed crystal facet through a hydrothermal process by controlled some parameters such as temperature, concentration of reagents and reaction time, and the corresponding RGO/ZnO composites were obtained. Characterization by SEM and TEM, it was first time demonstrate that graphene nanosheets were tend to be coated on the (100) and (002) crystal facets of ZnO micro‐nanoparticles. We further discover that the largest exposed crystal facet of RGO/ZnO became (101) crystal plane. Regarding their performance in photocatalytic RhB degradation, exposed crystal facets of ZnO were found to impose crucial influence: the sample‘s photoelectrochemical properties are positively related to exposed degree of (101) facet, and it trend follows the order ZnO101 > RGO/ZnO101 > ZnO100 > RGO/ZnO100 > RGO/ZnO002 > ZnO002. Moreover, it can provide a new strategy that the films were coated on suitable crystal facet to change the photoelectrochemical properties of composite.
Selective Binding of Inhibitor‐Assisted Surface‐Imprinted Core/Shell Microbeads in Protein Mixtures
Authors: Dinc Mehmet , Basan Hasan , Hummel Tim , Müller Marlen , Sobek Harald , Rapp Ingrid , Diemant Thomas , Behm Rolf Jürgen , Lindén Mika , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: April 2018

An innovative approach for molecularly imprinting proteins, i. e., inhibitor‐assisted imprinting was used for addressing the major challenge of protein purification from biotechnologically relevant media. Pepstatin‐assisted pepsin surface‐imprinted microbeads were synthesized as a selective sorbent for solid phase extraction (SPE). The amino‐functionalized porous core was prepared by co‐condensation and post‐grafting strategies. The immobilized inhibitor pre‐organizes the template pepsin with a defined orientation prior to imprinting ensuring enhanced efficiency of the imprinting process. 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) was used as a functional monomer establishing organic nanoscale films comprising poly(3‐aminophenylboronic acid) (pAPBA) within the pores of the beads in the presence (MIP) and absence (NIP) of pepsin. Next to a detailed characterization of these advanced functional hybrid materials it was demonstrated that such porous surface‐imprinted core/shell beads feature exquisite selectivity for pepsin during individual protein rebinding studies, and more importantly, during competitive rebinding studies in protein mixtures.
Salt‐Templated Hierarchically Porous Platinum Macrotube Synthesis
Authors: Burpo Fred. J. , Nagelli Enoch A. , Winter Stephen J. , McClure Joshua P. , Bartolucci Stephen F. , Burns Alvin R. , O'Brien Sean F. , Chu Deryn D.
Published: April 2018

Hierarchically structured platinum macrotubes with square cross‐section and porous sidewalls composed of fibril textured nanoparticles are synthesized from high aspect ratio insoluble Mangus’ salt needles in a single reduction step. Macrotubes 10’s to 100’s of micrometers long pressed into free‐standing films exhibit a specific capacitance of 18.5 Fg−1 and a solvent accessible specific surface area of 61.7 m2g−1. Insoluble salt templates offer a synthesis route to achieve a range of porous metal structures.
Environmental‐Friendly Urea Additive Induced Large Perovskite Grains for High Performance Inverted Solar Cells
Authors: Han Liang , Cong Shan , Yang Hao , Lou Yanhui , Wang Hao , Huang Jianwen , Zhu Jiang , Wu Yang , Chen Qi , Zhang Biao , Zhang Labao , Zou Guifu
Published: April 2018

It is a challenge to grow perovskite films with large crystalline grains and a full coverage on the surface of an organic compound film by a solution process. Herein, we for the first time introduce environmental‐friendly urea into PbI2 precursor to mediate the perovskite film growth and crystallization on the top of PEODT:PSS for efficient inverted solar cells. This method attains high‐quality perovskite films with large‐size grains of over 2 μm and a full coverage. This enables us to fabricate the inverted perovskite solar cells showing a maximum efficiency of 18.01% with a fill factor of 82.29% and a stabilized efficiency of 17.56%. Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy images demonstrate that urea is coordinated with PbI2 to form PbI2 · OC(NH2)2 complex, resulting in large PbI2 flakes by a slow crystallization. The large PbI2 flake with fewer nucleation sites is conducive to forming monolithic perovskite grains. Further investigation indicates that CH3NH3I · PbI2 · OC(NH2)2 complex is formed as an intermediate phase, which retards the crystallization process of the perovskite films. These factors lead to a high‐quality perovskite film with large grain size and excellent crystallinity.
Shear behavior of high‐performance basalt fiber concrete—Part II: Laboratory punching shear tests on small slabs with macrofibers without bars
Authors: Mohammadi Mohaghegh Ali , Silfwerbrand Johan , Årskog Vemund
Published: April 2018

This paper presents findings from a study on punching shear capacity of high‐performance concrete slabs reinforced with macrobasalt fibers. The punching shear failure is simulated through a simple method introduced by Hassan et al. The test specimens comprised 14 small‐scale slabs with circular notches. To investigate the effect of fiber content, 5 different fiber volume fractions of 43 mm macrobasalt fibers have been studied. The results show that the punching shear capacity and the ductility of the slabs were slightly improved with increasing the fiber content. Furthermore, the results also indicate that the outcome of the experimental method is valid when the rotation of the slabs is negligible.
Supporting Elementary Students’ Sourcing of Historical Texts
Authors: Popp Jacquelynn S. , Hoard Jodi
Published: April 2018

Sourcing involves interrogating historical documents, asking questions about their attributes to determine their relation to the historical event or time period under study. In this article, a university researcher and a sixth‐grade teacher describe a set of heuristics that the teacher developed for supporting her students’ sourcing of historical texts. The heuristics derive from findings of a longitudinal case study that the researcher conducted about the teacher's learning to shift to a disciplinary literacy approach in her social studies classroom, as well as the teacher's insights about her own process of learning to scaffold her students’ sourcing. Considering the limited resources for addressing elementary teachers’ sourcing instruction, these heuristics are offered so other teachers can adopt and adapt them to their own teaching contexts to meet the specific, diverse needs of their students.
The early 20th century warming: Anomalies, causes, and consequences
Authors: Hegerl Gabriele C. , Brönnimann Stefan , Schurer Andrew , Cowan Tim
Published: April 2018

The most pronounced warming in the historical global climate record prior to the recent warming occurred over the first half of the 20th century and is known as the Early Twentieth Century Warming (ETCW). Understanding this period and the subsequent slowdown of warming is key to disentangling the relationship between decadal variability and the response to human influences in the present and future climate. This review discusses the observed changes during the ETCW and hypotheses for the underlying causes and mechanisms. Attribution studies estimate that about a half (40–54%; p > .8) of the global warming from 1901 to 1950 was forced by a combination of increasing greenhouse gases and natural forcing, offset to some extent by aerosols. Natural variability also made a large contribution, particularly to regional anomalies like the Arctic warming in the 1920s and 1930s. The ETCW period also encompassed exceptional events, several of which are touched upon: Indian monsoon failures during the turn of the century, the “Dust Bowl” droughts and extreme heat waves in North America in the 1930s, the World War II period drought in Australia between 1937 and 1945; and the European droughts and heat waves of the late 1940s and early 1950s. Understanding the mechanisms involved in these events, and their links to large scale forcing is an important test for our understanding of modern climate change and for predicting impacts of future change.

This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy
Authors: Sinclair Karin , Copping Andrea E. , May Roel , Bennet Finlay , Warnas Marijke , Perron Muriel , Elmqvist Åsa , DeGeorge Elise
Published: April 2018

Concerns for potential wildlife impacts resulting from land‐based and offshore wind energy have created challenges for wind project development. Research is not always adequately supported, results are neither always readily accessible nor are they satisfactorily disseminated, and so decisions are often made based on the best available information, which may be missing key findings. The potential for high impacts to avian and bat species and marine mammals have been used by wind project opponents to stop, downsize, or severely delay project development. The global nature of the wind industry—combined with the understanding that many affected species cross‐national boundaries, and in many cases migrate between continents—also points to the need to collaborate on an international level. The International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Technology Collaborative Programs facilitates coordination on key research issues. IEA Wind Task 34—WREN: Working Together to Resolve Environmental Effects of Wind Energy–is a collaborative forum to share lessons gained from field research and modeling, including management methods, wildlife monitoring methods, best practices, study results, and successful approaches to mitigating impacts and addressing the cumulative effects of wind energy on wildlife.

WREN develops products such as white papers, fact sheets, and short science summaries, and is involved in a number of activities including hosting a webinar series and outreach and information dissemination through participation in meetings, workshops, and conferences to increase and expand the knowledge base pertaining to wildlife challenges at wind energy facilities. This information is available on WREN Hub, hosted on the Tethys website.

This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Climate and Environment
GLSM realizations of maps and intersections of Grassmannians and Pfaffians
Authors: Căldăraru Andrei , Knapp Johanna , Sharpe Eric
Published: April 2018

Abstract

In this paper we give gauged linear sigma model (GLSM) realizations of a number of geometries not previously presented in GLSMs. We begin by describing GLSM realizations of maps including Veronese and Segre embeddings, which can be applied to give GLSMs explicitly describing non-complete intersection constructions such as the intersection of one hypersurface with the image under some map of another. We also discuss GLSMs for intersections of Grassmannians and Pfaffians with one another, and with their images under various maps, which sometimes form exotic constructions of Calabi-Yaus, as well as GLSMs for other exotic Calabi-Yau constructions of Kanazawa. Much of this paper focuses on a specific set of examples of GLSMs for intersections of Grassmannians G(2, N ) with themselves after a linear rotation, including the Calabi-Yau case N = 5. One phase of the GLSM realizes an intersection of two Grassmannians, the other phase realizes an intersection of two Pfaffians. The GLSM has two nonabelian factors in its gauge group, and we consider dualities in those factors. In both the original GLSM and a double-dual, one geometric phase is realized perturbatively (as the critical locus of a superpotential), and the other via quantum effects. Dualizing on a single gauge group factor yields a model in which each geometry is realized through a simultaneous combination of perturbative and quantum effects.
Combining initial-state resummation with fixed-order calculations of electroweak corrections
Authors: Bauer Christian W. , Ferland Nicolas , Webber Bryan R.
Published: April 2018

Abstract

We present a resummation of those double-logarithmically enhanced electroweak correction that arise in pp colliders because protons are not SU(2) singlets, by solving DGLAP equations in the full Standard Model. We then show how to match these results with those of fixed-order electroweak calculations. At a 100 TeV pp collider, contributions beyond order α are ∼ 10% at partonic center-of-mass energies of a few TeV. These are mainly due to initial states with massive vector bosons.
The topology of Double Field Theory
Authors: Hassler Falk
Published: April 2018

Abstract

We describe the doubled space of Double Field Theory as a group manifold G with an arbitrary generalized metric. Local information from the latter is not relevant to our discussion and so G only captures the topology of the doubled space. Strong Constraint solutions are maximal isotropic submanifold M in G. We construct them and their Generalized Geometry in Double Field Theory on Group Manifolds. In general, G admits different physical subspace M which are Poisson-Lie T-dual to each other. By studying two examples, we reproduce the topology changes induced by T-duality with non-trivial H-flux which were discussed by Bouwknegt, Evslin and Mathai [1].
The Role of a Companion Banner and Sponsorship Transparency in Recognizing and Evaluating Article-style Native Advertising
Authors: Campbell Colin , Evans Nathaniel J.
Published: April 2018

Native advertising is a relatively new form of online advertising that matches the format of surrounding non-advertising content. The fact that native advertising blends into its context risks deceiving consumers who may be unaware the content they are viewing is actually advertising. Article-style native advertising, a native ad form that mimics the style of online news articles, is particularly concerning since consumers may not expect advertising to appear in such a format. Such concern is supported by research finding low efficacy of traditional disclosures on article-style native advertisements. We investigate a novel means of increasing ad recognition through the use of companion banner advertising. Across two experiments we demonstrate that inclusion of a companion banner boosts consumer recognition of the paid nature of article-style native advertising to the same degree as a traditional disclosure. In both cases we also find that the negative reactions caused by ad recognition are muted when a native ad is perceived as having higher sponsorship transparency. These effects occur for both familiar and unfamiliar brands. Taken together, results not only detail the efficacy of a new means of achieving adequate disclosure, but also develop greater understanding of how consumers respond to article-style native advertising.
Unveiling additive manufacturing with metal powders industry trends with technology interventions and competitive landscape as frame of reference
Authors: Hebbalkar Sunil
Published: April 2018

In the past few years, additive manufacturing with metal powders industry has gained rapid traction in the metal manufacturing sector, prominently in those regions where conventional manufacturing encounters limitations related to manufacturing capability and design methodology.
Design for the future
Authors: Nickels Liz
Published: April 2018

Liz Nickels spoke to Wyoming-based start-up Teton Composites about 3D printing reinforced plastics, stress analysis software, and the importance of analysis in composite design.
Khlaifia and Others v. Italy
Authors: Goldenziel Jill I.
Published: April 2018

In Khlaifia and Others v. Italy, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (Grand Chamber or Court) released a landmark opinion with broad implications for how states must respect the individual rights of migrants. In the judgment, issued on December 15, 2016, the Court held that Italy's treatment of migrants after the Arab Spring violated the requirement of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) that migrants receive procedural guarantees that enable them to challenge their detention and expulsion. The Court also held that Italy's treatment of migrants in detention centers did not violate the ECHR's prohibition on cruel and inhuman treatment, in part due to the emergency circumstances involved. The Court further held that Italy's return of migrants to Tunisia did not violate the prohibition on collective expulsion in Article 4 of Protocol 4 of the ECHR. Enforcement of the judgment would require many European states to provide a clear basis in domestic law for the detention of migrants and asylum-seekers. Given the global diffusion of state practices involving migrants, and other states’ desires to restrict migration, this case has broad implications for delineating the obligations of states to migrants and the rights of migrants within receiving countries.
Remarks by Oonagh Fitzgerald
Authors: Fitzgerald Oonagh
Published: April 2018

Thanks very much, Mark. It's a pleasure to be here. Good morning, everybody, and thanks for joining us for what promises to be a very interesting session on “International Law and the Trump Administration: Trade and Investment.” It's a real pleasure for the Center for International Governance Innovation to sponsor this panel. We are a nonpartisan, independent think tank focused on global issues of governance, law, politics, security, and economics, so I'm particularly pleased to see this exciting panel where we have not only lawyers but economists and all kinds of different expertise to discuss this important topic.
Remarks by Michael Smart
Authors: Smart Michael
Published: April 2018

More than enough. That's the silver lining, of course. But, you know, I think the answer to your question, Gary, at least as it relates to trade negotiations, is emphatically yes, we are in a slower period than the administration anticipated. I don't think the explanation is that different from healthcare or taxes or Syria. I mean, it's just a lot more complicated, I think, than the administration realized. I was told that when they returned from one of their first Hill briefings on trade, one of the briefers remarked, “Who knew Congress cared so much about agriculture?” a point that Warren made. And that's really just the tip of the iceberg, because there's many things on the agenda.
Opening Remarks by Lucinda Low
Authors: Low Lucinda
Published: April 2018

We are going to get started. Good morning, and on behalf of the American Society of International Law, I'd like to welcome all of you. This is a very special event for us. It's the second annual Detlev F. Vagts Roundtable on Transnational Law. Detlev, of course, was a seminal figure in this field, thinking about transnational law before it really entered into the lexicon in the way we think of it today. Not only did he make remarkable contributions to the field and define the field, but he also was dedicated to our Society.
Opening Remarks by Lucinda Low
Authors: Low Lucinda
Published: April 2018

Good morning. If I could have your attention, please. Welcome to this final session of our 111th ASIL Annual Meeting. We have a very special program and set of events for you this morning.
Mark Wojcik
Authors: Wojcik Mark
Published: April 2018

Mark Wojcik from The John Marshall Law School in Chicago. A very quick question. If the United Nations Security Council refers a case to the ICC—it has done that with a statement that we're not going to pay for any of the expenses, and we expect that the ICC parties will carry these expenses—is there an obligation on the Security Council to help enforce arrest warrants if they refer a case and the prosecutor decides to issue an arrest warrant?
Cyber Defense Norms and NATO
Authors: Hill Steven
Published: April 2018

How to address security challenges arising from new technologies like those discussed on today's panel is a key concern to NATO and NATO allies. At NATO headquarters in Brussels we have a division focused on such security challenges. NATO lawyers also spend time helping clients understand how international law applies to new technologies. At the same time, the arms control agenda is a matter of core concern for NATO. We pay very close attention to the integrity of that system. As a result, I appreciate the opportunity to appear here today to present some of what we are doing at NATO on these issues and to suggest that NATO can be a useful multilateral forum in which states can discuss these matters.
Remarks by Alejandra Gonza
Authors: Gonza Alejandra
Published: April 2018

Article 13 of the American Convention was designed to provide robust guarantees for the freedom of thought and expression. Early Inter-American case law conceived freedom of speech as a primary means to control state power and provided strong protection to varied expression. This included ideas and information considered “offensive, shocking, unsettling or disturbing for the state or to any sector of the population.” In fact, the Court was the first international tribunal to recognize the right to access to state-held information as part of the protection of freedom of expression.
Rethinking Compulsory Jurisdiction: The Case for U.S. Reentry into the ICJ's Optional Clause System
Authors: McGarry Brian
Published: April 2018

During his presentation, Mr. McGarry critiqued the common wisdom that the United States is not well served by acceding to compulsory jurisdiction systems and proposed his draft text for a declaration accepting the World Court's compulsory jurisdiction with reservations and conditions that advance American interests.
The Purpose of International Law Is to Advance Justice—and International Law Has No Value Unless It Does So
Authors: Sellers Mortimer N.S.
Published: April 2018

The central topic of this year's annual meeting of the American Society of International Law has been “What International Law Values,” restated more forcefully in the title of this panel, “The Value and Purpose of International Law.” Notice the underlying assumption: that international law has value and serves some useful purpose. This premise is important because it supplies the basis on which international law seeks to secure our obedience and respect. We have no reason to obey or respect international law unless international law has some value or serves some useful purpose. This leads us to consider what this value and purpose might be. Which values and what purpose does international law exist to serve? Or, more important, which values and purpose would international law have to serve or advance if it were to deserve our obedience or respect? The answer can be given in one word: justice. Justice is the value that justifies or could justify international law, and justice is the purpose that international law properly seeks to serve and protect.
Remarks By Ashley S. Deeks
Authors: Deeks Ashley S.
Published: April 2018

My comments will address not only consensual uses of force in an armed conflict paradigm, but also a variety of other uses of force inside another state's territory with consent, such as renditions and targeted killings. I want to examine the effect that the use of consent has on the international law ecosystem. In my view, consent has both positive and negative effects on this ecosystem. I do not plan to come down on one side or the other in assessing the overall balance; instead, I simply will identify consent's effects. Nor am I focused on the quality of the consent given by the territorial state; I will assume that the consent is technically sound.
Introductory Remarks by Catherine Redgwell
Authors: Redgwell Catherine
Published: April 2018

Although negotiated as a “package deal,” ostensibly comprehensive in scope and universal in its participation, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was always intended to be capable of further evolution and development. Inevitably strategic interests change over time, and “economic and technological developments have increased the ability to access and harvest the [living and nonliving] resources of the sea and the seabed.” At the same time our knowledge of the oceans, the earth's largest ecosystem (~1.3 billion km3), has continued to evolve, despite large gaps that remain in our understanding.
Area-Based Management Tools, Including Marine Protected Areas
Authors: Nevill Penelope
Published: April 2018

Area based management tools (ABMTs) such as marine protected areas (MPAs) are recognized by scientists and the international community as essential to promote the conservation and management of oceans and fisheries. They have been shown to enhance population resilience to climate-driven disturbance. In 2005 the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 adopted a target MPA coverage of 10 percent of coastal and marine areas by 2012. In 2010 it extended the target deadline to 2020. By then the global MPA coverage was just over 1 percent. Recent statistics are more encouraging, if only slightly: a UNEP report released in November 2014 found that 3.4 percent of the global ocean is now protected. In any event 10 percent is not enough. A recent review of the scientific literature suggests that the figure needs to be 30 percent.
Valuing Women as Counsel in International Adjudication
Authors: Parlett Kate
Published: April 2018

At the outset, it is helpful to draw a distinction between interstate disputes—those at the ICJ and that are administered by some other institutions—and other forms of international arbitration. The reality is that there are relatively few interstate cases. At the moment, there are perhaps a dozen active cases on the docket of the ICJ. That is a relatively full docket for the ICJ, although it has been at that level for a few years now. The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in its 2015 Annual Report stated that it was administering eight interstate cases. So a good guess of the maximum number of interstate cases that are currently active is perhaps twenty-five.
The Shared Goals but Distinct Roles of Criminal and Human Rights Courts
Authors: Huneeus Alexandra
Published: April 2018

Most Latin American states have submitted to the jurisdiction of both the International Criminal Court and the Inter-American human rights system, including the Inter-American Court and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. This allows us to observe and compare the different ways in which a well-institutionalized regional human rights system and an international criminal system work—through different treaties, different interlocutors, and different working methods—toward the same goals. In particular, Colombia and Mexico, both states that are experiencing high levels of violence, allow us to observe the two systems in play at once.
Introductory Remarks by Oonagh Fitzgerald
Authors: Fitzgerald Oonagh
Published: April 2018

Thanks very much, Lucinda. Good morning, everybody. It's my pleasure to welcome you to this special session on “International Law and the Trump Administration,” with a focus on national and international security.
Remarks by Elisa Massimino
Authors: Massimino Elisa
Published: April 2018

Okay. Thanks, Ben. Its an honor to be here. I wanted to also say a special thank-you to Saira Mohamed for organizing this panel, and thanks to all of you for being here. It takes a special kind of person to come into a cold, dark basement on a beautiful spring day to talk about international law, but good on you.
Remarks by Paul Reichler
Authors: Reichler Paul
Published: April 2018

Thank you, Lucinda, and let me congratulate you as well on the outstanding job you have been doing, and undoubtedly will continue to do, as president of the Society.
Recommendations for patient engagement in patient-oriented emergency medicine research
Authors: Archambault Patrick M. , McGavin Colleen , Dainty Katie N. , McLeod Shelley L. , Vaillancourt Christian , Lee Jacques S. , Perry Jeffrey J. , Gauvin François-Pierre , Boivin Antoine
Published: April 2018

Objective

To make pragmatic recommendations on best practices for the engagement of patients in emergency medicine (EM) research.

Methods

We created a panel of expert Canadian EM researchers, physicians, and a patient partner to develop our recommendations. We used mixed methods consisting of 1) a literature review; 2) a survey of Canadian EM researchers; 3) qualitative interviews with key informants; and 4) feedback during the 2017 Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Academic Symposium.

Results

We synthesized our literature review into categories including identification and engagement, patients’ roles, perceived benefits, harms, and barriers to patient engagement; 40/75 (53% response rate) invited researchers completed our survey. Among respondents, 58% had engaged patients in research, and 83% intended to engage patients in future research. However, 95% stated that they need further guidance to engage patients. Our qualitative interviews revealed barriers to patient engagement, including the need for training and patient partner recruitment.

Our panel recommends 1) an overarching positive recommendation to support patient engagement in EM research; 2) seven policy-level recommendations for CAEP to support the creation of a national patient council, to develop, adopt and adapt training material, guidelines, and tools for patient engagement, and to support increased patient engagement in EM research; and 3) nine pragmatic recommendations about engaging patients in the preparatory, execution, and translational phases of EM research.

Conclusion

Patient engagement can improve EM research by helping researchers select meaningful outcomes, increase social acceptability of studies, and design knowledge translation strategies that target patients’ needs.
NEW EXHIBITION EXAMINES THE SOCIAL LIFE OF BRONZES THROUGH THE CENTURIES
Authors: Powers Martin
Published: April 2018

This is a short review of the “Mirroring China's Past” exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago (February 25th–May 13th, 2018). For reference, the exhibition catalog is: Tao Wang 汪涛 et al. Mirroring China's Past: Emperors, Scholars, and Their Bronzes [吉金鑒古]. The Art Institute of Chicago, 2018. Distributed by Yale University Press, New Haven and London.