bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KENTLEŞME SÜRECİNDE İNSAN İLİŞKİLERİNİN NİTELİKSEL DEĞİŞİMİ (SİVAS KENT ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: ALACAHAN Osman
Published: March 2021

Kır/köy ve kent sadece mekânsal veya demografik ayrışmanın ismi olarak değil, daha fazlasıyla zihniyet ve yaşam tarzında gerçekleşen ayrışmanın ismi olarak anlam kazanmaktadır. Kırsalın gerektirdiği zihniyet ve yaşam tarzı ile kentin gerektirdiği arasında önemli farklılıklar vardır. Bu farklılıklar bilhassa sosyal bilimcilerin yoğun ilgi gösterdikleri önemli konu başlıklarından birisidir. En çok ilgi gösterilen husus ise, kırsaldaki küçük yerleşim birimlerinden (çoğunlukla köyden) kente göç edenlerin değişim ve dönüşüm süreçleridir; yani kentlileşme süreçleridir. Kentlileşme, Türkiye için çok önemli bir olgudur. Zira Türkiye, 1990’lara kadar, nüfusunun çok önemli kısmı kırsalda yaşayan bir ülkeydi. Bu nüfusun çok büyük bir kısmı, 20-30 yıl gibi oldukça kısa sayılabilecek bir zaman diliminde kırsaldan kentlere göç etti. Bu durum kentlileşme açısından özel bir önem ifade etmektedir. Burada kentli olma durumunun seyri ve oranı kırsaldan/köyden kente göç bağlamında ele alınıp incelenecektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Sivas kent merkezi oluşturmaktadır. Veriler anket tekniği ile toplanmış ve SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiştir.
A Network-Based Explanation of Perceived Inequality
Authors: Schulz Jan , Mayerhoffer Daniel , Gebhard Anna
Published: March 2021

Across income groups and countries, the public perception of economic inequality and many other macroeconomic variables such as inflation or unemployment rates is spectacularly wrong. These misperceptions have far-reaching consequences, as it is perceived inequality, not actual inequality informing redistributive preferences. The prevalence of this phenomenon is independent of social class and welfare regime, which suggests the existence of a common mechanism behind public perceptions. We propose a network-based explanation of perceived inequality building on recent advances in random geometric graph theory. The literature has identified several stylised facts on how individual perceptions respond to actual inequality and how these biases vary systematically along the income distribution. Our generating mechanism can replicate all of them simultaneously. It also produces social networks that exhibit salient features of real-world networks; namely, they cannot be statistically distinguished from small-world networks, testifying to the robustness of our approach. Our results, therefore, suggest that homophilic segregation is a promising candidate to explain inequality perceptions with strong implications for theories of consumption behaviour.
Corações de vidro
Authors: Silva Leandro
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem por proposta discutir a funcionalidade de uma coleção de garrafas de vidro que foram recuperadas do Galeão Santíssimo Sacramento afundado em 05 de maio de 1666 no litoral da cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Os artefatos, em questão, apresentam bases quadradas e são chamadas na bibliografia especializada de “case bottle”. O texto apresenta algumas características morfológicas e tecnológicas dessas garrafas, bem como traça paralelos com outras coleções recuperadas de outros naufrágios. Foram discutidos os possíveis conteúdos que elas teriam armazenado ao longo da viagem, bem como contextualiza os hábitos, as crenças e os costumes que estariam associados a esses conteúdos e, ao final, apresenta uma reflexão sobre o uso do termo “case bottle”.
Courts and the mediation of public resource (AB) use during elections in Malawi
Authors: Nkhata Mwiza Jo
Published: March 2021

The (ab)use of public resources during elections in Malawi is a recurrent phenomenon. The judicial mediation of the (ab)use of public resources has, however, not been extensive. In instances where courts have intervened, their pronouncements have done little to stem the practice, especially by incumbents. This paper interrogates the judicial regulation of the (ab)use of public resources during elections in Malawi. Among other things, it establishes that state media remains one of the most highly contested resources during elections. The paper demonstrates that the judicial understanding of public resources is narrow and may shield politicians from censure. In addition, political actors in Malawi seem interested in questioning the (ab)use of public resources only in the period immediately preceding polling without concern about any (ab)use during the rest of the electoral cycle.
The Modulating Effect of Ethanol on the Morphology of a Zr-based Metal-Organic Framework under Room Temperature in the Cosolvent System
Authors: Li Yunzhuo , Tang Zirong , Chen Chen
Published: March 2021

We report that ethanol, used together with water, plays a crucial role in tuning the structures of a zirconium-based Metal-Organic Framework, the 12-connected MOF-801, and the possible mechanisms of this modulating effect. By employing the cosolvent system of ethanol and water just under room temperature without the presence of a monotopic carboxylic acid as the modulator, MOF-801 in various morphologies of different sizes can be synthesized. The linear correlation between the ethanol/water ratio and the crystal sizes is also demonstrated. The growth mechanism is mainly explained by ethanol’s binding with the metal ion clusters and the Marangoni Flow Effect. Ethanol competes with the linker molecules in coordinating with the Zr metal clusters, a role similar to that of the modulators. The Marangoni Flow Effect, which dominates at a certain solvent ratio, further promotes the 1-D alignment of the MOF-801 crystals.
Deformation and Vibration of an Oblique Elliptic Torus
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: March 2021

The formulation used by the most of studies on an elastic torus are either Reissner mixed formulation or Novozhilov's complex-form one, however, for vibration and some displacement boundary related problem of the torus, application of those formulations has encountered great difficulty. It is highly demanded to have a displacement-type formulation for the torus. In this paper, I will simulate some typical problems and free vibration of the torus. The numerical results are verified by both finite element analysis and H. Reissner's formulation. My investigations show that both deformation and stress response of an elastic torus are sensitive to the radius ratio, and suggest that the analysis of a torus should be done by using the bending theory of a shell, and also reveal that the inner torus is stronger than outer torus due to the property of their Gaussian curvature. Regarding the free vibration of the torus, our analysis indicates that both initial in u and w direction must be included otherwise will cause big errors in eigenfrequency.
Defining Arrow of Time at The Start of Inflation Using Traditional Cosmology Initially as an Example and Finally Penrose Cyclic Conformal Cosmology with Singular versus Nonsingular Starting Points?
Authors: Beckwith Andrew W
Published: March 2021

We first of all define the arrow of time. Definition of the arrow of time will allow choosing different initial starting points. One of the issues we will also discuss is the interconnection be-tween the arrow of time, entropy and quantum information. Seth Lloyd in his 2001 work made a linkage between entropy, bits, and information via an axiomatic approach involving time in-tervals. Our take is a bit more general. We will discuss as well the t’Hooft’s statement as to in-itial conditions and times arrow, and how different cosmological models may influence initial conditions. Spoilers alert, if a nonsingular start to expansion existed, this would provide the most straightforward way to avoid a datum from classical relativity. That is, that in the actual equations of classical GR, there is no reason to have time asymmetry. Time asymmetry is built into initial conditions and we will detail several candidates. The first half of the paper brings up cosmology models and forming the arrow of time. The second is related to entropy itself and the problem of information. .
Inherited chromosomally integrated Human herpesvirus 6B in a woman with herpesvirus infection and secondary immune deficiency
Authors:   Scientific Information Center for Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vikulov G.Kh. ,   Doctor.Prof Clinic and Gamidov Clinic, Herpes Center and Chronic Pelvic Pain Center, Moscow, Russia Federation, Domonova E.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Melekhina E.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Silveystrova О.Yu. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Кuleshov К.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

In this article, we discuss some aspects of investigating characteristics of infections caused by Human betaherpesvirus 6A/B (HHV-6A/B) and report a case of laboratory confirmed chromosomally integrated HHV-6B (iciHHV-6B) in a 35-year-old woman with herpesvirus infection and secondary immunodeficiency of unknown origin. We have also described an algorithm for the diagnosis and management of patients with positive iciHHV-6A/B status. Key words: HHV-6-infection, diagnostics, human betaherpesvirus 6B, human herpesvirus 6B, chromosomal integration, inheritance, iciHHV-6B, algorithm
Virus-induced asthma: how to achieve good disease control?
Authors:   A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lokshina E.E. , Malinovskaya V.V. ,   N.F.Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zaytseva O.V. ,   A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Snitko S.U. ,   A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the role of various respiratory viruses in the development of bronchial asthma and in triggering its exacerbation. It covers the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying virus-induced bronchial asthma and the importance of interferons for disease control. We summarized the results of international and Russian studies analyzing the utility of type 1 interferons for children and adults with virus-induced asthma exacerbations. Combination drugs containing recombinant α2b interferon plus α-tocopheryl acetate plus ascorbic acid have demonstrated their efficacy in the prevention and treatment of virus-induced asthma exacerbations in routine clinical practice. Moreover, these drugs were safe and well tolerated by patients, which opens new prospects for patients with virus-induced asthma. Key words: virus-induced bronchial asthma, respiratory viruses, children, interferons, therapy, recombinant α2b-interferon + α-tocopheryl acetate + ascorbic acid
Recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction in children: onset of chronic respiratory diseases in adults?
Authors:   A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lokshina E.E. , Zaytseva O.V. ,   A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction are most common in young children. Various phenotypes of wheezing/bronchial obstruction in preschool children have been described. Large cohort studies demonstrated that it is possible to estimate the risk of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases (developing in adolescence or adulthood) among children with recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction. All children with recurrent bronchial obstruction should be carefully followed-up and receive timely rational therapy. In children with mild bronchial obstruction, the combination of bromhexine, guaifenesin, and salbutamol in fixed doses has demonstrated high efficacy. Key words: bronchial asthma, bronchial obstruction, children, bromhexine + guaifenesin-salbutamol, prognosis, wheezing phenotypes, COPD
The Use of Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Osteotomy to Access the Anterior Column in Tumor Resection
Authors: Kellish Alec S. , Pandya Vidish , Simon Andrew , Kim Tae Won , Gutowski Christina J.
Published: March 2021

Case:

A 24-year-old woman with chondrosarcoma of the superior pubic ramus underwent a Type III pelvic resection through an ilioinguinal approach, modified with anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) osteotomy. The osteotomy mobilized the ASIS and sartorious distally, exposing the anterior wall and superior ramus. A custom cutting guide was placed on the anterior acetabular wall for en bloc superior ramus resection with hip-sparing osteotomy and negative margins.

Conclusion:

ASIS osteotomy for sartorius mobilization improves visualization of the anterior column of the acetabulum and heals more reliably than sartorius tenotomy, therefore should be considered during tumor resection involving the anterior column, superior ramus, or acetabular wall.
HIPERMASCULINIDAD Y USO DE CONDÓN EN HOMBRES QUE TIENEN SEXO CON HOMBRES Y MUJERES
Authors: López-Sánchez Ulises , Onofre-Rodríguez Dora Julia , Torres-Obregon Reyna , Benavides-Torres Raquel A. , Garza-Elizondo María Eugenia
Published: March 2021

Los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y mujeres (HSHM) conforman un subgrupo de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, son una población clave con mayor riesgo de exposición al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Al respecto, un método eficaz de prevención es el uso de condón, sin embargo, esta población se ve afectada por factores contextuales y sociales como la hipermasculinidad, la cual podría estar limitando la conducta sexual segura. Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la hipermasculinidad sobre el uso de condón en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y mujeres. Metodología. Estudio transversal correlacional en 106 HSHM. Se utilizó el muestreo virtual online, dos instrumentos y una cédula de datos sociodemográficos y de historia sexual. Resultados. Se encontró que la hipermasculinidad influye de manera negativa sobre el uso del condón (β= -.318, p= .001). Conclusiones. Las ideas hipermasculinas, están asociadas a menor uso de condón en los HSHM, los hallazgos sugieren que existe la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones específicas en el contexto de este subgrupo de hombres enfocadas a aumentar el uso de condón y contemplen los componentes de la ideología masculina.
INFLUENCIA DE LA ANSIEDAD Y SÍNTOMAS DEPRESIVOS SOBRE LA AGENCIA DE AUTOCUIDADO EN CUIDADORES DE PERSONAS CON ENFERMEDAD CRÓNICA
Authors: Medina Fernández Isaí Arturo , Carrillo Cervantes Ana Laura , Pantoja Herrera Martin , Torres Obregón Reyna , Medina Fernández Josué Arturo , Cortez González Luis Carlos
Published: March 2021

El aumento de enfermedades crónicas y de sus complicaciones ha llevado a la necesidad de tener un cuidador, sin embargo, el ser cuidador primario puede ocasionar un impacto en la salud mental, siendo un factor predisponente para desarrollar estados afectivos negativos, como son la ansiedad y síntomas depresivos y que pueden tener una repercusión en el autocuidado. Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la ansiedad y síntomas depresivos sobre la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en cuidadores informales de personas con enfermedad crónica. Metodología. Se aplicó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos, la subescala de ansiedad estado (IDARE), CES-D para síntomas depresivos y escala de apreciación de autocuidado. El análisis de datos fue con SPSS versión 22, con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados. La muestra estuvo constituida por 94 participantes, la ansiedad obtuvo una M=46.8(DE=8.93), para los síntomas depresivos fue de M=27.13, (DE=13.21) y para la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado fue de M=63.82 (DE=6.34), ambas variables son predictoras (p<.05) e influye en un 15% sobre la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado. Conclusión. Estos resultados servirán para establecer bases de intervenciones multidisciplinarias que mejoren la calidad de vida y bienestar en los cuidadores.
CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS COMO PREDICTOR PARA EL CONSUMO DE OTRAS DROGAS
Authors: Gogeascoechea-Trejo María del Carmen , Blázquez-Morales María Sobeida Leticia , Pavón-León Patricia , Ortiz León María Cristina
Published: March 2021

Las diferentes encuestas muestran que el consumo de alcohol entre los jóvenes es alto, dicha edad coincide con el inicio de la vida universitaria. Asimismo, se considera que el uso de alcohol incrementa el riesgo de consumir drogas ilegales. Objetivo. Conocer la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en los estudiantes universitarios y su asociación como predictor del consumo de drogas ilegales. Método. Estudio transversal analítico en 19,815 estudiantes, mediante el análisis de la base de datos del Segundo Diagnóstico de Percepción, Riesgo y Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes Universitarios en una universidad pública del estado de Veracruz, México. Resultados. La prevalencia del consumo de alcohol fue de 55.5%. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que los estudiantes que consumieron alcohol registraron mayor probabilidad de consumir drogas ilegales con respecto a los que no reportaron consumo de alcohol. Conclusiones. Se confirma la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol con drogas ilegales, datos que podrían reafirmar al alcohol como droga que es puerta de entrada para el consumo de otras. Es una tarea primordial para las universidades llevar a cabo acciones de intervención para la promoción de estilos de vida saludables, prevención y detección oportuna del consumo de alcohol y otras drogas.
GÉNERO Y PREVENCIÓN DE DROGODEPENDENCIAS: EVALUACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA ESCOLAR "JUEGO DE LLAVES"
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez María Aránzazu , Fontanil Gómez Yolanda , Dema Moreno Sandra , Quintero Ordóñez Belén , González López Ignacio
Published: March 2021

El consumo de drogas en menores es una realidad preocupante, especialmente el de sustancias legales. Una de las principales medidas emprendidas para hacer frente a esta situación es el desarrollo de programas de prevención escolar dirigidos a favorecer la adquisición de actitudes y estilos de vida saludable. El objetivo de este artículo es comprobar si existen diferencias en el efecto de este tipo de programas en función del género. Para ello se lleva a cabo un análisis de los datos obtenidos en la evaluación del programa escolar “Juego de Llaves” realizada en el curso escolar 2016-2017 con una muestra de 4.195 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria de 32 centros educativos. Los resultados muestran diferencias ligadas al género previas a la implantación del programa en temas como el ocio, interacción social, gestión emocional, valores e información sobre drogas, que se mantienen una vez realizado. La aplicación del programa consigue un efecto diferencial en la autoestima que se incrementa en el grupo de las adolescentes. Se concluye recomendando que cualquier programa preventivo debe analizar las desigualdades observadas y las situaciones de vulnerabilidad específicas y proponer la definición de indicadores de género que permitan medir la efectividad de los programas en ambos sexos.
Experimental Investigation of Depletion- and Injection-Induced Changes in Poromechanical, Transport, and Strength Properties of High-Porosity Sandstone
Authors: Rafieepour S. , Miska S. Z. , Ozbayoglu E. M. , Takach N. E. , Yu M. , Zhang J.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, an extensive series of experiments was performed to investigate the evolution of poromechanical (dry, drained, undrained, and unjacketed moduli), transport (permeability), and strength properties during reservoir depletion and injection in a high-porosity sandstone (Castlegate). An overdetermined set of eight poroelastic moduli was measured as a function of confining pressure (Pc) and pore pressure (Pp). The results showed larger effect on pore pressure at low Terzaghi’s effective stress (nonlinear trend) during depletion and injection. Moreover, the rock sample is stiffer during injection than depletion. At the same Pc and Pp, Biot’s coefficient and Skempton’s coefficient are larger in depletion than injection. Under deviatoric loading, absolute permeability decreased by 35% with increasing effective confining stress up to 20.68 MPa. Given these variations in rock properties, modeling of in-situ-stress changes using constant properties could attain erroneous predictions. Moreover, constant deviatoric stress-depletion/injection failure tests showed no changes or infinitesimal variations of strength properties with depletion and injection. It was found that failure of Castlegate sandstone is controlled by simple effective stress, as postulated by Terzaghi. Effective-stress coefficients at failure (effective-stress coefficient for strength) were found to be close to unity (actual numbers, however, were 1.03 for Samples CS-5 and CS-9 and 1.04 for Sample CS-10). Microstructural analysis of Castlegate sandstone using both scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope revealed that the changes in poroelastic and transport properties as well as the significant hysteresis between depletion and injection are attributed to the existence and distribution of compliant components such as pores, microcracks, and clay minerals.
Nearly continuous Ca^+ optical clocks with stability at the 10^-18 level
Authors: Huang Yao , Zhang Baolin , Zeng Mengyan , Zhang Huaqing , Hao Yanmei , Chen Zheng , Wang Miao , Guan Hua , Gao Kelin
Published: March 2021

Optical clocks are important for precise measurements in the field of physics. As reported, both the instability and uncertainty of optical lattice clocks are more than two orders of magnitude smaller than those of the best microwave clocks. Therefore, in the near future, optical clocks could be used to redefine the second. Nevertheless, an optical clock with reliability comparable to microwave clocks has not been achieved thus far. In this paper, we compared the frequencies of two Ca^+ optical clocks that were nearly continuously operated for 31 days. Through the comparison experiment, the frequency stability of a single clocks was found to be 6.3×10^-18 at an averaging time of 520 000 s and 7.9×10^-18 at averaging time of 262000 s, while the operating uptime rate reached more than 90% in the period of around 5 days. Thus, our experiment demonstrated that it is possible to increase the stability of single-ion optical clocks to the 10^-18 level, while still maintaining quasi-continuous operation with a high operating rate. This result further confirms that optical clocks can potentially be used to redefine the second.
Study on the Burr Formation Process in Micro Milling of High Aspect Ratio Structures
Authors: Zhang Xinlei , Chen Ni , Wu Jinming , Wei Jiawei , Yan Bo , Li Liang , He Ning
Published: March 2021

High-aspect-ratio (HAR) micro-structures of harden steel (SKD11) are widely used in the national defense and electronic fields. Micro-milling is a suitable method for machining HAR micro structures, however the inevitable generation of burrs deteriorates the machined surface. Previous studies have mostly focused on the burr formation process of shallow grooves, but have ignored HAR grooves. This paper investigated the burr formation mechanism in HAR (2:1) grooves on harden steel (SKD11). Due to the fact that the burr formation process was difficult to be observed in the actual micro-milling process, a finite element model was established. A corresponding experimental research was conducted, which revealed a good consistency between simulation and experimental results. Moreover, a new burr type was formed on the sidewall of the HAR groove, which was transformed from top burrs and was named as side burr. The results demonstrated that the chip flow on the rake face of the micro-mill was hindered by the sidewall, which caused chip crumbling, chip accumulation, and surface scraping, seriously affecting the burr formation mechanism. This paper revealed the burr formation mechanism for HAR grooves, and provided research direction for improving the machining accuracy of HAR grooves.
Comparison of Swine Wastewater Treatment by Microalgae and Heterotrophic Nitrifiers: Focusing on Nitrogen Removal Mechanism Revealed by Microbiological Correlation Analysis
Authors: Liu Hui , Liang Junyu , Markou Giorgos , Song Zhaofeng , Ye Jianfeng
Published: March 2021

Swine wastewater (SW) poses a great threat to the environment due to its high-nutrient profiles if not properly managed. Advanced biological treatment method is an efficient method to treat SW by screening potent microalgae or bacterial strains. In this study, activated sludge, nine locally isolated heterotrophic nitrification bacteria and one microalgal strain (Chlorella) were used as inoculums in treating a local SW. Their treatment efficiencies were compared, while the nitrogen removal mechanisms and microbiome profile were explored in detail. It was found that certain heterotrophic nitrification strains had a slight advantage in removing chemical oxygen demand and phosphorus from SW, with the highest removal efficiencies of 83.9% and 76.2%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in wastewater by microalgae reached 80.9% and 66.0% respectively, which were far higher than all the heterotrophic nitrification strains. Biological assimilation was the main pathway of nitrogen conversion by microalgae and heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria; especially microalgae showed excellent biological assimilation performance. Correlation analysis showed that Comamonas was highly positively correlated with nitrogen assimilation, while Acidovorax was closely correlated with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. This study gives a comparison of microalgae and heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria on the nitrogen transfer and transformation pathways.
Chronic liver disease not a significant comorbid condition for COVID-19
Authors: Lin Jiahao , Bao Bingting , Khurram Nigar Anjuman , Halsey Kasey , Choi Ji Whae , Wang Lesan , Tran Thi My Linh , Liao Wei-Hua , Feldman Michael D. , Zhang Paul J. , Wu Jing , Bai Harrison X.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To explore the role of chronic liver disease (CLD) in COVID-19.Methods: A total of 1,439 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from one large medical center in the United States from March 16, 2020 to April 23, 2020 were retrospectively identified. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with and without CLD. Postmortem examination of liver in 8 critically ill COVID-19 patients was performed.Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of CLD between critical and non-critical groups (4.1% vs 2.9%, p=0.259), or COVID-19 related liver injury between patients with and without CLD (65.7% vs 49.7%, p=0.065). Postmortem examination of liver demonstrated mild liver injury associated central vein outflow obstruction and minimal to moderate portal lymphocytic infiltrate without evidence of CLD.Conclusion: Patients with CLD were not associated with a higher risk of liver injury or critical/fatal outcomes. CLD was not a significant comorbid condition for COVID-19.
Influence of Aqueous Chloride and Bromide Anions on the Reactivity of ZnO on Bisphenol a Degradation
Authors: Yang Yi-Chen , Sahu Rama Shanker , Shih Yang Hsin
Published: March 2021

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been widely investigated for applications in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. Despite the advantages of robust ZnO material, its photocatalytic activity is greatly affected by environmental factors. Halogen ions are commonly found in wastewater, which directly influence the pollutant aggregation and sedimentation, therefore it is necessary to discuss their effect on the photodegradation. The current study assesses the halogen ions effect on the photocatalytic degradation of BPA using different dosage of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium bromide (NaBr). The microstructural characterization of ZnO was conducted by transmission electron microscopy and hydrodynamic size was analyzed through dynamic light scattering. Degradation reactions of BPA with ZnO nanoparticles followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The increase of ZnO dosage from 0.01 g/L to 0.1 g/L enhanced the degradation rate constant of BPA up to 0.089 min-1 (14.8 folds). In order to evaluate the the role halogen ions to degrade BPA, NaBr and NaCl were used. The degradation rate was reduced up to 26 folds (0.0034 min-1) after the addition of NaBr, which was attributed to the increase in hydrodynamic particle size leading, thereby restricting the light adsorption capacity. Noteworthy, upon addition of NaCl from 10 mM to 500 mM concentration, there was only a slight decrease (2.4 folds, 0.037 min-1) on the degradation rate of BPA. Therefore, this study unveils the role of chloride ions as an effective medium for BPA degradation by ZnO nanoparticles, without aggregation, and provides a novel platform for the treatment of organic pollutants in saline water.
Eliciting Provider Perspectives on Diabetes Management During Cancer Care
Authors: Cho Jacklyn , Nilo Daniela , Sterling Madeline , Kern Lisa , Safford Monika , Pinheiro Laura
Published: March 2021

Purpose: We sought to elicit the perspectives of primary care providers (PCPs) and oncologists regarding their expectations on who should be responsible for diabetes management, as well as communication mode and frequency about diabetes care during cancer treatment. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with PCPs (physicians and nurse practitioners) and oncologists who treat cancer patients with type 2 diabetes. Interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze the qualitative data and identify key themes.Results: Ten PCPs and ten oncologists were interviewed between March and July 2019. Two broad themes emerged from our interviews with PCPs: (1) cancer patients pausing primary care during cancer treatments, and (2) patients with poorer prognoses and advanced cancer. The following theme emerged from our interviews with oncologists: (3) challenges in caring for cancer patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Three common themes emerged from our interviews with both PCPs and oncologists: (4) discomfort with providing care outside of respective specialty, (5) the need to individualize care plans, and (6) lack of communication across primary and oncology care. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that substantial barriers to optimal diabetes management during cancer care exist at the provider level. Interventions prioritizing effective communication and educational resources amongst PCPs, oncologists, and additional members of the patients’ care team should be prioritized to achieve optimal outcomes.
Study on optical performance of red-emitting phosphor: SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+/Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+ /light conversion agent for long-lasting luminous fibers
Authors: LU Bohui , PANG Zengyuan , ZHU Yanan , LI Yonggui
Published: March 2021

A novel luminous phosphor SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+/Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+/light conversion agent with both red luminescence characteristics and persistent luminescent performance were prepared. According to the intermediary color law, the color purity of red emission can be controlled by the doping ratio of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ in SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+/Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+ composite luminous material. The anticipated luminescence properties could be realized precisely by adjusting the ratio. The microscopic morphology of the composite material, energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectra, emission spectrum, CIE chromaticity diagrams and afterglow properties were examined. The brief outlines about some phenomena aspects and detailed physical descriptions as well as manuals were available. From the analyses of CIE chromaticity diagrams and afterglow properties, the doping ratio of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+/Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+ can influence afterglow brightness and red emission purity. The samples show great optical performance.
Intravenous Nimodipine in Initial Intensive Care Management of Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage – A Review
Authors: R Sreehari N , Sugunan Aadharsa , Reynold Sheen , Subhash Athulya , Gopan Athul , KN Anila , Menon Sajesh K .
Published: March 2021

Background: As known to every Neuroscientist the spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage is a medical condition in which bleeding occurs in subarachnoid space due to cerebrovascular disease most commonly due ruptured aneurysms. Nimodipine is a calcium channel antagonist used to treat vasospasm. When compared to oral, intravenous nimodipine shows better neurological outcome with low dose, less frequency of administration and less fluctuations of blood pressure in between doses ( as in oral ) due to availability of continuous infusion . Titrated dose Intra venous nimodipine is useful in the initial Intensive Care management of Subarachnoid haemorrhage for Vasospasm with close monitoring of blood pressure.Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of intravenous Nimodipine in the management of acute ischemic vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhagic patients. Material and methods: The study was a prospective and observational study conducted in all inpatients with SAH having acute ischemic vasospasm in the intensive care unit using IV Nimodipine admitted the department of Neurosurgery in AIMS during a period of 1yr.Results: Evaluation of SAH occurrence in study patients (n=38) showed predominance of females (68.4%) and majority with hypertension (57.9%) as the common comorbid condition. The chance of developing SAH was high in patients who did not practice any form of exercise (60.5%). None of the patients had occurrence of adverse drug reactions while administering IV nimodipine other than hypotension which was corrected with inotropic support with close blood pressure monitoring. Out of the subjects enrolled, 37 patients showed improvement clinically and resolution of ischemic changes in CT scan . Majority of patients experienced cerebral edema. Using pair t test, it was found that the difference between the Glasgow Coma Score pre and follow up post treatment score were mild. Using pair t test, it was found that the difference between the mRS pre and follow up post treatment score were significant.Conclusion: Introduction of IV Nimodipine to the treatment strategy of SAH showed significant improvement in the clinical and radiological outcome.IV Nimodipine showed benefit in treating the condition without any life-threatening adverse events other than correctable hypotension. A significant decrease in the mRS score in majority of patients after treatment indicates the improvement in the quality of life of SAH patients. Pre and Post neurological status strengthens the evidence of improvement in our study subjects.
Modelling The Positive Testing Rate of Covid-19 in South Africa Using a Semi-Parametric Smoother for Binomial Data
Authors: Owokotomo Olajumoke Evangelina , Manda Samuel , Kasim Adetayo , Claesen Jürgen , Reddy Tarylee , Shkedy Ziv
Published: March 2021

Background: The current outbreak of COVID-19 is a major pandemic that has adversely affected the world economies, societies and also an increase in health burdens within a short time. South Africa has the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Africa and is the fourteenth most affected country in the world. Understanding the country’s COVID-19 infection rate will help in preventing the spread of the disease. Method: We propose to estimate both the the positive testing rate and the rate at which the positive testing rate changes over time using a flexible semi-parametric model. We used publicly available data collected from March 5th to September 2nd 2020. Results: We found that the positive testing rate was declining from early March when the disease was first observed until early May. In the month of July 2020, the infection reached its peak then its started to decrease again. Conclusion: The observed increase in the positive testing rates between May and July 2020 could imply that the testing algorithm was effective; however its effectiveness declined after the end of July 2020, which coincided with the end of winter season in the country.
Safety and immunostimulatory activity of the dietary supplement Houttuynia cordata Thunb. fermentation product in healthy volunteers
Authors: Woranam Khanutsanan , Prompipak Jeerati , Mootsikapun Piroon , Senawong Gulsiri , Promdee Limthong , Pintaraks Ketsarin , Senawong Thanaset
Published: March 2021

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. fermentation product (HCFP) is widely used in Thailand as a dietary supplement for immune support with no experimental verification. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and immunomodulation of HCFP in healthy adult volunteers. The effect of HCFP on antiretroviral drugs (TDF and EFV) was also evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. The basic characteristics and blood chemistry of ten healthy volunteers did not show any significant differences between before and after 4 weeks of intervention with a daily intake of HCFP, and no major adverse event was observed. However, the LDL-c level was significantly decreased after 4 weeks of intervention. Immunomodulation assay revealed that the percentage of neutrophil was significantly increased after 8 weeks of intervention in 30 healthy volunteers. Meanwhile, the mean of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell ratio was not significantly increased after 8 weeks of intervention. In addition, the plasma concentrations of EFV and TDF in Sprague Dawley rats showed no significant difference between single drug group and combination with HCFP group, suggesting that HCFP has no effect on the plasma level of antiretroviral drugs.
“There’s Somebody Like Me:” Perspectives of a Peer-to-peer Gynecologic Cancer Mentorship Program 
Authors: Moran Hannah Kang , Brooks Joanna Veazey , Spoozak Lori
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance’s Woman to Woman (W2W) program is a peer mentorship program for women with gynecological cancer that was founded in 2004 and has expanded to 43 sites nationwide. An initial program survey was conducted in 2013, but no qualitative studies have investigated patient experiences with peer support programs for gynecologic cancer in the United States. The aim of this qualitative study was to capture mentor and mentee experiences giving and receiving peer support, including how relationships were initiated and developed.Methods: Hour-long, semi-structured interviews were conducted with both mentors and mentees. Interviews focused on the dynamics of the mentor-mentee relationship. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and open-coded. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to organize findings into themes. Results: Sixteen participants (N=16) were interviewed (seven mentors and nine mentees.) Three broad themes emerged: (i) pathways to the program; (ii) how connection occurred; (iii) themes of compatibility. While program participants universally valued their match experience, frequency and mode of communication, as well as expectations of the match relationship were widely divergent among the program participants. Conclusion: The W2W peer mentorship program is a valuable resource for patients with gynecologic cancer. Refining the wants and needs of mentees including mode of communication, frequency of communication, type of support desired, identifying topics of mutual interest, and introducing the concept of recurrence may improve the connectivity experienced by mentor-mentee dyads.
Streamlining the Contents of Resuscitation Cart in a Super Specialty Centre in North India
Authors: Paul Biraj Chandra , Sharma Nishant , Singh Gurpreet , Singh IB , Goyal Keshav
Published: March 2021

Background:The equipment and medications that would be required to treat a patient in the first thirty minutes or so of a medical emergency are stored in resuscitation cart. There was no standardization of resuscitation cart as observed during ward rounds in our super specialty hospital. Hence the study was conducted with an aim of streamlining the contents of the resuscitation cart and to develop a policy for its maintenance.Materials & Methods:The study was conducted in all the patient care areas of the super specialty hospital. Resuscitation cart policy and checklist were developed by seeking inputs from all the stakeholders and validating the same using the available literature. A training program was conducted and a total of 13 resuscitation carts were inspected against the approved checklist for checking its contents in both pre and post intervention periods. Results: Resuscitation cart policy and checklist were prepared, validated by the domain experts and implemented. The compliance of all 13 resuscitation cart in terms of their contents increased from 77.82% to 97.87% with p value of <0.05 which is statistically significant.Conclusion: Maintaining resuscitation carts as per the checklist is a continuous process which will contribute to patient safety.
Outbreak of Oral Ulcers (Glossitis) among the students of three Central Schools under Tsirang District in Bhutan, 2018
Authors: Gyeltshen Tshewang , Dorji Lham , Dorji Leki , Choden Kuenga
Published: March 2021

BackgroundIn the early weeks of September 2018, clusters of oral sores mostly affecting the tongue were reported in three central schools under Tsirang district, Bhutan. All the three central schools have both boarding and day schooling facilities. A total of 243 students were affected in total as aggregated by the schools in all three central schools. Almost all the affected students’ complaint of burning sensation of the mouth followed by redness depapillation of the tongue. All the affected students have been assessed on the outbreak and nutritional survey was conducted in the schools.MethodsDescriptive cross sectional study among the affected three central schools is conducted. The descriptive statistics are presented as findings from the outbreak investigations.ResultsAlmost all the affected students in all the three schools had complaints of Burning Sensation (n=158) followed by Pain (n=153), Impaired Taste Sensation (n=100) and Intolerance to Spicy Food (n=95). Other complaints such as Fissured Tongue and Depapillation of the dorsum of the tongue accounted to about 16.6% of the total affected students.Nutritional Survey on school diet revealed the school diet not meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Vitamin B1 (Thiamin), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), B5 (Pantothenic Acid), B6 (Pyridoxine), B9 (Folic Acid), B12 (Cyanocobalamin) and Iron.ConclusionsWhile some recommendations are provided, the strongest and most effective measures to prevent the outbreak is to improve the school diet with extended green fruits and vegetables in the school’s dietary menu. Laboratory investigation on the content of currently supplied fortified rice in the schools and the Hazard Analysis of the manufacturers of the fortified rice supplied to Bhutan is also suggested with importance to Bhutanese authorities in school feeding program under the Ministry of Education, Royal Government of Bhutan.
Association of health and nutritional literacy with sun exposure in adults using structural equation modelling
Authors: SaeidiFard Nasim , mehrizi Ali Asghar Haery , Akbarzadeh Zahra , Janbozorgi Nasim , Montazeri Ali , Yaseri Mehdi , Shab-Bidar Sakineh
Published: March 2021

Background: Inadequate health and nutritional literacy is a common problem among adults which is associated with poor health outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between health and nutritional literacy to sun exposure behavior. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 261 adults (18-65 years) in Iran. Knowledge, motivation, health literacy, nutritional literacy and sun exposure behavior using an interview-assisted questionnaire was evaluated. Using the information–motivation–behavioral skills model and structural equation modeling, we tested whether health and nutritional literacy was associated with the complex relationships among knowledge of vitamin D, attitudes toward sun exposure and sun exposure behavior. Beta and p values were calculated.Results: Health literacy (β= 0.29, p<0.001) and nutritional literacy (β= 0.14, p=0.02) was directly associated with sunlight exposure. Indirect relationships also existed between knowledge and sunlight exposure through health literacy (β = 0.33, p<0.001) and nutritional literacy (β = 0.22, p=0.01). The model had good fit (x2/df = 1.422; RMSEA = 0.040; CFI = 0.851; NFI = 0.657). There were no significant relationship between health literacy and motivation (β = 0.11, p=0.16), nutritional literacy and motivation (β = 0.06, p=0.42) and motivation and sun exposure (β = 0.01, p=0.91). Conclusions: Our findings showed that individuals with sufficient health and nutritional literacy more likely to have exposure to sunlight. Health and nutritional literacy should be considered when educating adults about vitamin D supplements and sunlight exposure.
Evaluation of Quality of life, Social Support and Coping Strategies and Illness Adjustment in patients with breast cancer: Across sectional study
Authors: Okati-Aliabad Hassan , Ansari-Moghadam Alireza , Mohammadi Mahdi , Shahraki-Sanavi Fariba , Kargar Shiva
Published: March 2021

Background: This study aimed to assess the quality of life (QOL), social support and coping strategies, and illness adjustment among breast cancer patients in general and on type of breast surgery.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb and Khatam-Al-Anbia hospitals in Zahedan, Iran, 2020. We recruited patients with breast cancer who underwent lumpectomy(n=44), mastectomy(n=64), and not any surgery (n=15) by census method. Data collection tools were the breast cancer-specific module (QLQ-BR 23), The adjustment to illness measurement inventory for Iranian women with breast cancer (AIMI- IBC), and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) questionnaires. We performed statistical analysis by ANOVA, independent sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U-test, and multiple linear regression analysis to adjust for covariates.Results: We recruited a total of 120 patients with breast cancer in this survey. 53.3% of patients underwent a mastectomy, 34.2% lumpectomy, and 12.5% of patients had not been surgery. Patients in the functioning scale reported high scores for body image (mean=78.61, SD=26.69) and future perspective (mean=55.27, SD=26.71). Patients on the symptom scale had a high score upset by hair loss (mean= 49.16, SD=38.88). Generally, patients received a high social support level, especially from family members, and used a positive coping strategy to have high illness adjustment more than a negative coping strategy. Also, patients who underwent lumpectomy had a better sexual life and body image and more illness adjustment than the other two groups of patients.Conclusion: Early detection of the disease, support for patients, and educational programs to use appropriate coping strategies can improve breast cancer women's quality of life and disease adaptation.