bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisión sistemática de programas de prevención familiar universal: Análisis en términos de eficacia, retención y adherencia
Authors: Negreiros de Carvalho Jorge Nuno , Ballester Brague Lluís , Valero de Vicente María , Amer Fernández Joan
Published: July 2020

La adherencia es un aspecto importante para la eficacia de las intervenciones familiares de prevención universal de drogas. Algunas aproximaciones sugieren mejorar las evaluaciones sobre adherencia, ya que resultan parciales y no tienen en cuenta todas sus dimensiones. El objetivo del estudio es analizar las medidas de adherencia y retención utilizadas en los programas de intervención familiar para la prevención del consumo en jóvenes de 10-14 años. Para ello se revisa la literatura sobre programas universales que han obtenido buenos resultados preventivos. Las fuentes de información consultadas son: PubMed, PsycINFO (EBSCO), PsycArticles (EBSCO), Social Work abstracts (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO) SocIndex (EBSCO), Scopus, Academic Search Premier (EBSCO), SCIC-ISOC, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ERIC, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Project Cork, Researchgate y consulta expertos. Los resultados de la búsqueda muestran 21 estudios que pertenecen a 6 programas familiares: Strengthening Families Programme 10-14, Parents Who Care, Family Check-Up, Linking Lives Health, Prevention of Alcohol use in Students y Örebro Prevention Program. Los estudios analizados aportan poca información sobre los diferentes elementos involucrados en la adherencia. La retención y la atricción diferencial son los datos que aparecen con mayor frecuencia, mientras que otros aspectos como la participación activa no aparecen en los estudios. Se discuten los resultados y se realizan recomendaciones para mejorar la evaluación de la adherencia y retención en los programas de prevención familiar.
Apps para dejar de fumar mediante Terapia Cognitivo Conductual. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: García-Pazo Patricia , Fornés-Vives Joana , Sesé Albert , Pérez-Pareja Francisco Javier
Published: July 2020

El tabaquismo constituye un problema sanitario y económico de difícil erradicación. Las personas más dependientes a la nicotina suelen presentar, además, problemas psicopatológicos como depresión y ansiedad. Según las Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC), el tratamiento recomendado para abandonar el hábito es la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC), sola o combinada con medicación. Actualmente, las aplicaciones móviles (App) en salud (mHealth) permiten un acceso masivo y económico a este tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en llevar a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de las Apps para dejar de fumar que apliquen TCC y describir las técnicas implementadas. En el marco del protocolo PRISMA, la búsqueda se ciñó al periodo 2010-19 y se realizó en las bases de datos: EBSCOhost, Cochrane, Web of Science y Scopus. Se hallaron un total de 415 trabajos, de los cuales, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión/exclusión, solo 5 artículos fueron objeto de revisión. Únicamente se identificaron 3 Apps (en inglés) que incluyeran TCC y, las técnicas más utilizadas fueron: el registro de cigarrillos, la visualización del progreso mediante gráficas, videos psicoeducativos, la motivación, el apoyo social mediante redes sociales y elementos de gamificación para reforzar la adherencia y la conducta de abstinencia. Los resultados sugieren incluir en este tipo de Apps el análisis de la conducta de fumar, ya que no todas lo hacen, así como una interfaz que comunique el personal sanitario con el usuario y pueda proporcionar un tratamiento personalizado.
Prenses Gisela ve Oğullarının İstanbul Seyahati (11 Nisan-4 Mayıs 1908)
Authors: GÖNENÇ Senem
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada, Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatoru Franz Joseph’in kızı ve Bavyera Prensi Leopold’ün eşi Prenses Gisela’nın 1908 baharında İstanbul’a gerçekleştirdiği seyahat ele alınmaktadır. Doküman incelemesine dayanan çalışmanın verileri Osmanlı arşivinde yer alan belgeler ile Osmanlı ve Avusturya gazetelerinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışma, Prenses’in oğullarıyla birlikte İstanbul’un görülmeye değer mekânlarına yaptığı gezileri gün yüzüne çıkarırken dönemin teşrifat uygulamalarına da ışık tutmaktadır. Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in gösterdiği misafirperverlik ve İmparator Franz Joseph ile yaptığı yazışmalar ise genellikle çatışma ve rekabet ile anılan Osmanlı ve Habsburg ilişkilerinin dostane boyutuna dikkat çekmesi bakımından önem arz etmektedir.
Modernitas Pesantren dan Kesakralan Pernikahan dalam Upacara Rahmat Pura
Authors: Zulaili Iin Nur
Published: July 2020

The phenomena of Mass Marriage is often the case in Indonesia, but the mass marriage with a certain ceremony has been different presented of religious behavior in the community layer. This article discusses about “Rahmat Pura” festivals organized by SPMAA Foundation in Lamongan once a year. The Modernization theory will be examining by the tradition of Rahmat Pura, which is the processing, lasting, and enduring in this modern era. The autors use qualitative methods of conducting intensive interviews with organizers as well as festival participants. The results showed that the interconnectedness between students (santri muslim) and the devotion for pesantren in the era of Islamic modernity remains a preserved tradition.
PERSPEKTIF ORIENTALIS DALAM MENGKAJI HADITS DAN BANTAHAN KAUM MUSLIM: Perspektif Ignaz Goldziher, Joseph Franz Schacht dan Mustafa Azami
Authors: Anusantari Inama
Published: July 2020

Dalam sejarah dunia khususnya Islam telah banyak dihasilkan penelitian tentang orientalisme, bahkan dalam perkembangan pemikiran saat ini tema orientalisme semakin relevan untuk diangkat kembali. Karena pada zaman sekarang semakin berkembang dengan mengadopsi pandangan. Kerangka kerja dan kritik orientalis tentang Islam menjadi trend dikangan cendikiawan Muslim. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui perspektif tokoh-tokoh orientalis yaitu Ignaz Goldziher dan Joseph Franz Schacht dalam mengkaji hadits dan bantahan kaum Muslim atas pandangan tokoh orientalis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah Library Research yang bersifat kualitatif. Dengan teknik analisis data deduktif. Hasil dari tulisan ini adalah Ignaz Goldziher secara garis besar meragukan keorisinilan dan keontetitasan hadits. Sedangkan Joseph Franz Schacht menunjukkan sikap skeptis terhadap bentuk-bentuk kritik periwayatan hadits. Sehingga baik Goldziher maupun Shcacht sama-sama mengkaji hadits dengan landasan pemikiran mentah-mentah. Namun Pendapat dan teori-teori yang dikemukakan oleh Schacht disanggah dengan jenius oleh Mustafa Azami, dengan mematahkan satu-persatu teori yang dikemukakan oleh Schacht dalam mengkritik hadits.
PENGARUH ASAM FULVAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKTIVITAS, DAN MUTU RIMPANG JAHE
Authors: DJAZULI MUHAMAD , DARWATI IRENG , SMD ROSITA
Published: July 2020

Fulvic acid is an extraction product of humus which is very potential for supplement fertilizer and able to reduce either inorganic or organic fertilizer application. The information about fulvic acid application as supplement fertilizer on ginger in Indonesia is still limited. The objective of the study was lo find oul the efect of fulvic acid as supplement fertilizer on the growth, productivity and quality of young ginger. A green house trial was conducted from July lo November 1996. Five levels of fulvic acid concentration, 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% were sprayed every week from 4 to 1 5 weeks ater planting (WAP). A randomized block design was used with five replicates. The results indicated that the growth of plant height and number of tiller of ginger increased rapidly al 8 WAP, then il became slowly from 12 lo 1 5 WAP Application 10% of fulvic acid was able to increase vegetative parts 99.6%, fresh and dry weight of rhizome 89 and 125% respectively, and starch content of rhizome 22.6%. To find oul of the optimal effect of fulvic acid on productivity and quality of ginger, a further research using higher level and application frequency of fulvic acid as an extract product from several humus types in Indonesia is needed.
PENGARUH BEBERAPA CARA PEMANGKASAN TAJUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb)
Authors: HASAN ZULKIFLI
Published: July 2020

Effect of pruning on the growth and yield of gambir (Uncaria gambir)

Gambir is harvested by pruning Uie branches, twigs and leaves. Improving pruning method in harvesting Ihe crop may cnchancc (o increase the yield of dry gambir where al prcscnl (he yield was 632 kg/ha. Therefore, different techniques of pruning were studied, including : table, clean, and deep prunnings, and pruning technique adapted by farmers as the control The study was conducted in the Laing Experiment Farm, Solok, from April 2000 to February 2001. The experiment was designed as a randomized block in 6 replicates. Results showed that pruning conducted al harvest improved the growth of plant and increase the yield of dry gambir. The highest yield of dry gambir compared with table pruning produced 735,25 kg/ha, significantly higher than deep pruning (371, 25 kg/ha), clean pruning (464.40 kg/ha) or pruning adapted by farmer (521 kg/ha). The last three methods were not signiicantly different in terms of the yield.
PENGARUH KEPADATAN TERNA DAN LAMA PENYULINGAN TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK Melaleuca bracteata
Authors: NURDJANNAH NANAN
Published: July 2020

The influence of material bulk density and duration of distillation on the yi eld and characteristic of Melaleuca bracteata oil

Melaleuca bracteata belongs to Myrtaceae family which is grown wildly in Australia and Quensland. The oil is produced from Ihe leaves and (wigs by distillation and is used in fragrances industry. The oil content of leaves and twigs range between 0.4 to 1.0% with metil eugenol as the major component (70-80%). Because of its high metil eugenol content M. bracteata oil can be used to control fruil flies The experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of material bulk density in the distillation vessel and duration of distillation on the yield and charac¬ teristic of the oil produced. Material used was (he leaves and twigs of M bracteata from the experimental garden of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops. Manoko, Lembang (1200 in above the sea level). The experiment at 1993 was designed as completely randomized design, arranged factorially with three replications. The result showed that the optimum distillation condition was 1 56 g/l material bulk density in the vessel and 3 hours distillation. Such distillation condition produced 1.09 % oil yield with (he characteristics as follow speciic gravity I 0263, refractive index 1 5296, optical rotation -3.3°, solubility in 70% cthanol 1 : 1, methyl eugenol content 86.1%, acid number 0.56, ester number 15.4 and ester number after acetylation 39.3. Referring to Australia oil, the Indonesian M bracteata oil has higher value of esther number both before and after acetylation.
PENYARINGAN GALUR HASIL PERSILANGAN TEMBAKAU MADURA DAN ORIENTAL BERDASARKAN INDEKS TANAMAN DAN KADAR NIKOTIN
Authors: SUWARSO SUWARSO , HERWATI ANIK , HARTTNIADIISDUOSO SRI , ROCHMAN FATKHUR , SLAMET SLAMET , SUPRIYADI BAMBANG , YASIN YASIN
Published: July 2020

This expeiment was caried out at Palalang Village, Sub Pakong Distict, Pamekasan District, rom April to October 2000. There were 137 treatments, consisted of 100 FS lines [number 1 to 50 were progeny of Prancak-95 x IW (oriental), number 51 to 100 were progeny of Prancak-95 x IS (oiental)], 36 lines were selected from local cultivar, and Prancak-95 as a check variety. This experiment was arranged in randomized block design, two replications. The objective of this research was to select the promising lines based on crop index and nicotine content. Each lines were morphologically homogen, the potency of yield and quality among lines were significantly different. Foty-four lines were selected. They were resemble to Prancak-95, their nicotine content varied from 1.84% to 4.09%. Genotype and phenotype correlation between nicotine content and yield and grade index were not significantly different. There were 11 selected lines out of the 44 with crop index higher than that of Prancak-95, and their nicotine content vaied from 1.90 -3.96%.
ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN ADOPSI KAPAS TRANSGENIK DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Wahyudi Agus , Taher Syahrial , Watt Rahmi
Published: July 2020

Adopsi Kapas transgenik yang diinlroduksi secara terbatas sejak tahun 2000 di tujuh kabupaten di Sulawesi Selatan perlu dicvaluasi kebcrlanjutannya Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi peluang keberlanjutan petani dalam mengadopsi kapas transgenik di daerah introduksi yaitu tujuh kabupaten di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Kerangka penelitian yang digunakan adalah peluang keberlanjutan adopsi dipengaruhi oleh karaktcr subyek, karaktcr inovasi, dan lingkungan fisik dan sosial. Dengan kriteria sebaran dan luas kapas transgenik, pola sebaran curah hujan, dan waktu panen maka daerah yang terpilih adalah Kabupaten Bantaeng, Takalar, Gowa, dan Bulukumba, dan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2002. Metode pengambilan contoh petani digunakan metode acak sederhana, karena homogenitas Icarakter yang diinginkan relatif tinggi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda yang pendugaannya dengan metode maximum likelihood. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lebih dai 50% petani berpeluang untuk bcrhenti mengadopsi. Hal ini antara lain disebabkan ketidakmampuan petani untuk menanggung resiko usahatani kapas transgenik yang tinggi, sedang pendapatan yang diharapkan kurang stabil. Selain itu adopsi berpeluang besar akan berlanjut di daerah yang iklimnya sesuai dan kompatible dengan musim dan pola tanam yang ada.

Kata kunci: Kapas transgenic, adopsi, keberlanjutan, resiko usahatani, pendapatan

 

ABSTRACT

Analysis of sustainability of transgenic cotton adoption in South Sulawesi

The adoption of transgenic conon that has been introduced since 2000 in seven regencies of South Sulawesi need to be evaluated further. The objective of the study was to analyze factors which influenced the adoption of transgenic cotton by the farmers in the introduction area. The research frame used is sustainability of adoption depend on characteistics of subjects and innovation and physical and social environment. Citeia used to determine research area were distribution and coverage of transgenic conon farms, distibution pattern of rainfall, and time of harvest. The area chosen were Regency of Bantaeng, Takalar, Gowa, and Bulukumba. The sampling method used was simple random sampling, since the population was relatively homogen. The results of the analysis indicated that more than SO % of the farmers had a chance to stop adopting the transgenic conon. Il happened because the farmers were uncapablc to take the isk of transgenic coton farming which was very high, while the income rom this farming was not stable. However, the adoption of transgenic cotton is potential in the area where the climate is suitable and compatible with the seasons and existing farming system.

Key words: Transgenic coton, adoption, sustainability, farm risk, income
Simulación del crecimiento urbano con AMEBA: Modelo Basado en Agentes para la ocupación residencial
Authors: Cantergiani Carolina , Gómez Delgado Montserrat
Published: July 2020

La utilización de Modelos Basados en Agentes (MBA) abre nuevas posibilidades para simular, entender y analizar los resultados del proceso de crecimiento y ocupación urbana teniendo en cuenta diferentes actores implicados en el mismo. El prototipo AMEBA (Agent-based Model for the Evolution of urBan Areas) pretende simular este fenómeno, donde interactúan planificadores, promotores inmobiliarios y la población, a partir del desarrollo de tres submodelos independientes. En el presente trabajo se describe la estructura y funcionamiento del submodelo de ocupación residencial por parte de la población y su integración final con los otros dos submodelos que representan la acción de los demás agentes. Los resultados muestran que es posible desarrollar una arquitectura integrada que permita simular de manera más completa este tipo de sistemas complejos y con la suficiente flexibilidad para ser utilizado en distintas áreas de estudio y simular diferentes escenarios de dinámica urbana a futuro.
Desigualdad social en México en el uso de servicios de tamizaje en adultos: un análisis de las encuestas nacionales de salud 2006 y 2012
Authors: Balandrán-Duarte Dulce Alejandra , Mújica Óscar J , Narro-Robles José R , López-Cervantes Malaquías , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Durán-Arenas Juan Luis Gerardo , Fajardo-Dolci Germán Enrique
Published: July 2020

Objetivo. Medir la desigualdad en el uso de servicios de tamizaje en adultos de 20 a 59 años, a partir de las encuestas nacionales de salud y nutrición 2006 y 2012. Material y métodos. A partir de la selección de cinco indicadores de tamizaje en adultos (detección de diabetes, hipertensión y cánceres de mama, cérvicouterino y de próstata) se estimaron el índice de Kuznets, el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente y el índice de concentración de salud, considerando como indicadores sociales la escolaridad, etnicidad, desempleo, nivel socioeconómico y tipo de protección en salud. Resultados. Las coberturas de las cinco pruebas se incrementaron, sin embargo, la desigualdad observada disminuyó únicamente en las intervenciones en mujeres; en el caso de la detección de cáncer de próstata se incrementó. Conclusión. Si bien es importante monitorear el desempeño de los servicios curativos, persiste el reto de asegurar el acceso efectivo y equitativo a servicios de diagnóstico temprano.
A DINÂMICA FLUVIAL DO RIO ACRE: UMA ANÁLISE AMBIENTAL DO TRECHO URBANO DA CIDADE DE RIO BRANCO-AC
Authors: Bonfanti Dhuliani Cristina , Lima Frank Thieny Brito de , Ferreira Luiz Carlos Aragão , Santos Waldemir Lima dos
Published: July 2020

Estudos que abordam a dinâmica fluvial em bacias hidrográficas são considerados de extrema importância por discutir seu funcionamento natural ou alterado por ações antrópicas. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a dinâmica Geofluvial da área urbana do rio Acre. Para alcançar este propósito, o estudo foi baseado nas técnicas de Christoffoletti (1980) e da pesquisa de campo que ocorreu no mês de dezembro de 2017. Através destas medidas foi possível observar os aspectos físicos, ambientais e sociais que estão ocorrendo as margens do rio Acre.  Neste sentido, foi possível compreender que o rio Acre é um rio capaz e competente, que tem os seus processos alterados pela presença da urbanização em suas margens.
ENSINO DE SOLOS NOS DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE EDUCAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Suzuki Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi Sanches , Dias Liz Cristiane , Rehbein Moisés Ortemar , Corrêa Edvania Aparecida
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho pretende trazer para discussão as diferentes abordagens da Ciência do Solo no ensino da Geografia, buscando auxiliar seu ensino nos cursos de Licenciatura em Geografia. Os objetivos deste trabalho são: 1) verificar os eixos temáticos relacionados à Ciência do Solo no ensino de Geografia no nível fundamental e médio, a partir dos PCNs e livros didáticos; 2) avaliar o conhecimento em Ciência do Solo dos alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Geografia da UFPel; 3) realizar um levantamento das universidades no Rio Grande do Sul que possuem cursos de Geografia e, para estes cursos, fazer uma caracterização das disciplinas da área de Ciência do Solo. A partir deste estudo pode-se constatar que os PCNs para a Geografia e os livros didáticos para o ensino fundamental e médio abordam de forma pouco abrangente o conhecimento sobre solos. Poucos cursos de Licenciatura em Geografia possuem em seu currículo disciplinas na área de Ciência do Solo, havendo a necessidade de reformulação de seus projetos pedagógicos quanto à inserção de disciplinas relacionadas à área da Ciência do Solo.
BRASIGUAIOS E SUA INFLUÊNCIA POLÍTICA E ECONÔMICA NO PARAGUAI: RACISMO E NACIONALISMO NO MERCOSUL DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Carneiro Filho Camilo Pereira , Santos Jéssica Alves dos , Vanderlei Maria Luiza Nogueira
Published: July 2020

A população de cidadãos de origem brasileira no Paraguai, denominada de brasiguaios, possui uma identidade cultural diferente da paraguaia. Esta comunidade, que passou a ser cada vez mais numerosa naquele país a partir da década de 1970 era estimada, em 2015, em 332.042 indivíduos. Contingente formado a partir do projeto de Marcha al Este do presidente Alfredo Stroessner, que abriu terras até então cobertas pela Mata Atlântica localizada na fronteira do Paraguai com o Brasil para colonos brasileiros (a maioria de origem europeia, proveniente da região Sul do Brasil) que passariam a desenvolver a sojicultura e aplicar práticas oriundas da Revolução Verde. Passadas mais de quatro décadas, o contingente brasileiro no Paraguai impõe sua cultura, seu idioma e alguns de seus membros possuem grande influência política e econômica no país. A presença do contingente brasileiro resulta em momentos de tensão no quotidiano político e social paraguaio, sendo que o recente golpe de Estado sofrido pelo presidente Lugo em 2012  teve participação de membros da comunidade brasiguaia. Face ao exposto o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de aferir os impactos da presença brasiguaia no Paraguai e analisar se esta  configura um risco à democracia neste país. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, sob a ótica das Relações Internacionais, pautada em análise bibliográfica e enriquecida por cartografia produzida pelos autores.
ANÁLISE AMBIENTAL NAS MARGENS FLUVIAIS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO VIEIRA - MUNICÍPIO DE MONTES CLAROS/MG
Authors: Almeida Maria Ivete Soares de , Magalhães Filho Raul de , Moura Laurentino Carla Milena de , Pereira da Silva Lucas Augusto
Published: July 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto o uso e cobertura da Terra às margens dos corpos hídricos da Bacia do Rio Vieira, inserida no município de Montes Claros que por sua vez se encontra no Norte de Minas Gerais. A escolha dessa área de estudo, se deu devido ao cenário crítico que o município de Montes Claros vivencia em relação à crise hídrica. Foi possível notar diante dessa pesquisa que as matas ripárias dos corpos hídricos da Bacia do Rio Vieira, bem como ocupações do entorno estão sofrendo com a pressão dos modelos econômicos impostos para o desenvolvimento das sociedades. Esses acontecimentos podem gerar diversos problemas tanto no âmbito ambiental (erosão dos solos, assoreamento dos cursos de água, contaminação da água, alterações microclimáticas, etc), no âmbito social com os diversos conflitos por terra e por água, além da esfera econômica.
CONFLITOS DE USO E OCUPAÇÃO EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE NA BACIA DO RIO ANIL- SÃO LUÍS, MA
Authors: Cruz Walefe Lopes da , Ribeiro Delony de Queiroz , Pereira Edilea Dutra
Published: July 2020

A bacia do rio Anil dispõe de uma área de 40,77km², o rio principal apresenta cerca de 13,8 km de extensão, a drenagem da bacia possui aproximadamente 277 canais e 146 nascentes, estando a bacia localizada a noroeste da ilha de São Luís do Maranhão, com grande importância econômica e hídrica para a capital do estado. A área de preservação permanente (APP) da bacia do rio vem sofrendo grande processo de antropização ao decorrer dos anos. Desse modo foi realizado o mapeamento da APP na bacia do rio em estudo, a partir da classificação de categorias de análise (solo exposto, área vegetada e área urbanizada), obteve-se uma APP total de 18,2 km², onde cerca de 11,92 km² é composta de área vegetada; 6,04 km² de área urbanizada e 0,24 km² de solo exposto. Recomenda-se assim, aplicações de políticas públicas de conscientização e conservação de áreas de preservação permanente, bem como a aplicabilidade da legislação ambiental.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Munganyinka Charlotte Bavuma , Musafiri Sanctus , Rutayisire Pierre-Claver , Ng’ang’a Loise M , McQuillan Ruth , Wild Sarah H.
Published: July 2020

Background: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in settings such as rural Africa where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural and urban Rwanda.

Methods: Across-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents.
Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited (mean + SD age 40.2±19.1years), including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001).

Conclusions : Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Africa. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations.

Key words: diabetes; risk factors; malnutrition; rural; Rwanda
Health Insurance Benefit Package in Iran: A Qualitative Policy Process Analysis
Authors: Mohamadi Efat , Takian Amirhossein , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Rashidian Arash , Hassanzadeh Ali , Razavi Moaven , Ghazanfari Sadegh
Published: July 2020

Background : Insufficient transparency in prioritization of health services, multiple health insurance organizations with various and not-aligned policies, plus limited resources to provide comprehensive health coverage are among the challenges to design appropriate Health Insurance Benefit Package (HIBP) in Iran. This study aims to analyze Policy Process of Health Insurance Benefit Package in Iran. Method: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 experts, plus document analysis and observation, from February 2014 until October 2016. Using both deductive and inductive approaches, two independent researchers conducted data content analysis. We used MAXQDA.11 software for data management. Results: We identified 10 main themes, plus 81 sub-themes related to development and implementation of HIBP. These included: lack of transparent criteria for inclusion of services within HIBP, inadequate use of scientific evidence to determine the HIBP, lack of evaluation systems, and weak decision-making process. We propose 11 solutions and 25 policy options to improve the situation. Conclusion: The design and implementation of HIBP did not follow an evidence-based and logical algorithm in Iran. Rather, political and financial influences at the macro level determined the decisions. This is rooted in social, cultural, and economic norms in the country, whereby political and economic factors had the greatest impact on the implementation of HIBP.To define a cost-effective HIBP in Iran, it is pivotal to develop transparent and evidence-based guidelines about the processes and the stewardship of HIBP, which are in line with upstream policies and societal characteristics. In addition, the possible conflict of interests and its harms should be minimized in advance.
Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and breastfeeding outcomes
Authors: Martin Hayley , Thevenet-Morrison Kelly , Dozier Ann
Published: July 2020

Background: It is well established that mothers with above-normal pre-pregnancy BMI are at increased risk of breastfeeding cessation; however, the impact of pregnancy weight-gain (PWG) is less well-defined. Excess PWG may alter the hormonal preparation of breast tissue for lactation, increase the risk of complications that negatively impact breastfeeding (e.g. Cesarean-section, gestational diabetes), and may make effective latch more difficult to achieve. Methods: Our objective was to determine the impact of PWG and pre-pregnancy BMI on the risk of breastfeeding cessation utilizing the Institute of Medicine’s 2009 recommendations. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate the risk of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding, and cessation of any breastfeeding among women who initiated exclusive and any breastfeeding, respectively, in a cross sectional sample of survey respondents from a New York county (N=1207). PWG category was interacted with pre-pregnancy BMI (3 levels of pre-pregnancy BMI, 3 levels of PWG). Confounders of the relationship of interest were evaluated using directed acyclic graphs and bivariate analyses; variables not on the proposed causal pathway and associated with the exposure and outcome were included in multivariate models. Results: After adjustment, women of normal and obese pre-pregnancy BMI with greater-than-recommended PWG had 1.39 (1.03-1.86) and 1.48 (1.06-2.07) times the risk of any breastfeeding cessation within the first 3 months postpartum compared to women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI who gained within PWG recommendations. Overweight women with greater-than-recommended PWG were at increased risk of cessation, although not significantly (aHR[95% CI]: 1.29 [0.95 – 1.75]). No significant relationship was observed for exclusive breastfeeding cessation. Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy BMI and PWG may be modifiable risk factors for early breastfeeding cessation. Understanding the mechanism behind this risk should be ascertained by additional studies aimed at understanding the physiological, social, logistical (positioning) and other issues that may lead to early breastfeeding cessation.
Protein delivery in intermittent and continuous enteral nutrition with a protein-rich formula in critically ill patients - A protocol for the prospective randomised controlled proof-of-concept Protein Bolus Nutrition (Pro BoNo) study
Authors: Reinhold Simona , Yeginsoy Désirée , Hollinger Alexa , Todorov Atanas , Tintignac Lionel , Sinnreich Michael , Kiss Caroline , Gebhard Caroline Eva , Kovács Balázs , Gysi Bianca , Imwinkelried Lara , Siegemund Martin
Published: July 2020

Background Critically ill patients rapidly develop muscle wasting resulting in sarcopenia, long-term disability and higher mortality. Bolus nutrition (30-60 min period), while having a similar incidence of aspiration as continuous feeding, seems to provide metabolic benefits through increased muscle protein synthesis due to higher leucine peaks. To date, clinical evidence on achievement of nutritional goals and influence of bolus nutrition on skeletal muscle metabolism in ICU patients is lacking. The aim of the Pro BoNo study (Protein Bolus Nutrition) is to compare intermittent and continuous enteral feeding with a specific high-protein formula. We hypothesise that target quantity of protein is reached earlier (within 36 hours) by an intermittent feeding protocol with a favourable influence on muscle protein synthesis.Methods Pro BoNo is a prospective randomised controlled study aiming to compare the impact of intermittent and continuous enteral feeding on preventing muscle wasting in 60 critically ill patients recruited during the first 48 hours after ICU admission. The primary outcome measure is the time until the daily protein target (≥1.5 g protein/kg bodyweight/24h) is achieved. Secondary outcome measures include tolerance of enteral feeding and evolution of glucose, urea and IGF-1. Ultrasound and muscle biopsy of the quadriceps will be performed.Discussion The Basel Pro BoNo study aims to collect innovative data on the effect of intermittent enteral feeding of critically ill patients on muscle wasting.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03587870, registered July 16, 2018. Swiss National Clinical Trial Portal identifier: SNCTP000003234, last updated July 24, 2019.
NPF: Network propagation for protein function prediction
Authors: zhao bihai , Zhang Zhihong , Jiang Meiping , Hu Sai , Luo Yingchun , Wang Lei
Published: July 2020

Background: The accurate annotation of protein functions is of great significance in elucidating the phenomena of life, treating disease and developing new medicines. Various methods have been developed to facilitate the prediction of these functions by combining protein interaction networks (PINs) with multi-omics data. However, it is still challenging to make full use of multiple biological to improve the performance of functions annotation.Results: We presented NPF (Network Propagation for Functions prediction), an integrative protein function predicting framework assisted by network propagation and functional module detection, for discovering interacting partners with similar functions to target proteins. NPF leverages knowledge of the protein interaction network architecture and multi-omics data, such as domain annotation and protein complex information, to augment protein-protein functional similarity in a propagation manner. We have verified the great potential of NPF for accurately inferring protein functions. According to the comprehensive evaluation of NPF, it delivered a better performance than other competing methods in terms of leave-one-out cross-validation and ten-fold cross validation.Conclusions: We demonstrated that network propagation, together with multi-omics data, can both discover more partners with similar function, and is unconstricted by the “small-world” feature of protein interaction networks. We conclude that the performance of function prediction depends greatly on whether we can extract and exploit proper functional information of similarity from protein correlations.
FOXM1 modulates docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer by regulating KIF20A
Authors: Yu Hongbo , Xu Zheng , wang weiwan , Zhang Weican , xu zhibin , zhu gangyi , zhang chenyang , lin jianzhong
Published: July 2020

Background：Resistance to docetaxel is an important factor which affects the prognosis in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). The precise mechanisms remain unclear. The transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), participating in cell cycle progress and cell proliferation, has been reported to affect the sensitivity of chemotherapy. The present study aims to explore the role of FOXM1 in docetaxel resistance of PCa and how FOXM1 is associated with kinesin family member 20 A (KIF20A), which has been demonstrated to promote the development of therapeutic resistance in some cancers. Methods: We monitored cell growth by MTT and colony formation assays , and cell apoptosis and cell cycle through flow cytometry. Wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to detect cell migration and invasion. The mRNA and protein expression of gene were analyzed by by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. We determined the binding of FOXM1 on the KIF20A promoter by the ChIP assay. Tumorigenicity in nude mice was employed to assess tumorigenicity in vivo. Results: FOXM1 knockdown induced cell apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest, and suppressed cell migration and invasion in docetaxel-resistant PCa cell lines (DU145-DR and VCaP-DR). The opposite trend was found in their parental cells with exogenous FOXM1 overexpression. Furthermore, thiostrepton, a specific inhibitor for FOXM1, significantly attenuated docetaxel resistance in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we found that FOXM1 and KIF20A were consistently overexpressed and highly correlated in PCa cells and tissues. Further studies demonstrated that FOXM1 regulated the expression of KIF20A at the transcriptional level directly through a Forkhead response element (FHRE) in its promoter. Moreover, KIF20A overexpression could partially reverse the effects of FOXM1 depletion on cell proliferation, cell cycle proteins (cyclinA2, cyclinD1 and cyclinE1) and apoptosis protein (bcl-2 and PARP). Conclusions: our findings suggest that highly expressed FOXM1 may promote docetaxel resistance partly through the induction of KIF20A expression and provide insights into novel chemotherapeutic strategies for docetaxel resistance in PCa.
STUDY PROTOCOL The effect of a telerehabilitation virtual reality intervention on functional upper limb activities in people with multiple sclerosis: A study protocol for the TEAMS pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kalron Alon , Achiron Anat , Pau Massimiliano , Cocco Eleonora
Published: July 2020

Background: Approximately 60% of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) suffer from upper limb dysfunction. Our primary goal is to implement a single-blind, randomized control trial (RCT) designed to compare the effectiveness of an 8-week home-based telerehab virtual reality (VR) program with conventional therapy in PwMS with manual dexterity difficulties. Secondary aims include: a) evaluating the impact of the programs on quality of life after the intervention and a follow up 1 month later; and b) evaluating the impact of the programs on adherence and satisfaction. Methods: Twenty-four PwMS will be recruited to the study which will be conducted at two established MS centers: (1) The Regional Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, Binaghi Hospital, Cagliari, Italy; (2) The Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. Participants will complete a total of three assessments focusing on upper limb functions. Both groups will receive 16 training sessions focusing on functional upper limb activities. The home-based telerehab VR intervention will comprise a custom-made software program running on a private computer or laptop. PwMS will perform several activities of daily living (ADL) functions associated with self-care, dressing and meal preparation. Conventional therapy will focus on task-related upper-limb treatments while in a sitting position, indicative of the standard care in MS. Following 8-weeks of training, participants will complete a further outcome assessment. The same tests will be conducted 1 month (as a follow-up) after completion of the intervention. Discussion: The outcomes of this study have tremendous potential to improve the quality of evidence and informed decisions of functional upper limb activities in PwMS. If comparable results are found between the treatments in improving upper limb outcomes, this would suggest that PwMS can choose the program that best meets their personal needs, e.g., financial concerns, transportation or accessibility issues. Secondly, this information can be used by healthcare providers and medical professionals in developing upper limb exercise programs that will most likely succeed in PwMS. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04032431. Registered on 19 July 2019.
Three-dimensional evaluation of mid-facial soft tissue changes after expansion using micro-implant-supported maxillary skeletal expander
Authors: Nguyen Hieu , Shin Jeong Won , Giap Hai-Van , Kim Ki Beom , Chae Hwa Sung , Kim Young Ho , Choi Hae Won
Published: July 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Revealing unique inscriptions of a Nazi collaborator in Doodencel 601 of the Oranjehotel
Authors: Wempe Joost , Brink Rick van den , Mooldijk Esmee , Feirabend Nienke , Wiersma Ruben , Sietsma Jilt , Dik Joris
Published: July 2020

During the Second World War the German occupants of the Netherlands made ample use of the Scheveningen prison near The Hague, popularly nicknamed the Oranjehotel. One former death cell in this infamous prison (Doodencel 601) has been preserved in its original condition, showing wartime inscriptions on the cell walls. Interestingly, a small section of the wall has been given an additional plaster layer, presumably covering inscriptions. Here, we report on the visualization of this enigmatic text, which so far had escaped the reach of historians. Our visualization methodology was threefold. First, we determined the cell-wall stratigraphy and its composition based on a sample cross-section. Second, we prepared a physical model wall, mimicking the layering of the original cell wall. Third, we tested a combination of raking light photography and infrared thermography on the model wall. Applying this methodology on the original wall revealed the inscriptions, including the author’s name Daniël de Blocq van Scheltinga, a prominent Nazi collaborator, as well as a calendar and an important date of his post-war trial in the fall of 1945. Our visualizations flawlessly dovetail with archival findings. Together, they offer an intimate view of an early post-war inmate of the Scheveningen prison, whose message was covered up once the cell was transformed into a war monument in 1946.
Does synbiotic supplementation affect the quality of life in children with cystic fibrosis? A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bilan Nemat , Marefat Effat , Nikniaz Leila , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Nikniaz Zeinab
Published: July 2020

Background: There is no clinical trial that assesses the effect synbiotic supplementation on HRQOL in CF children. Considering the importance of HRQOL as an essential primary outcome and determinant of therapeutic benefit in chronic diseases like cystic fibrosis, the present clinical trial aimed to determine the efficacy of synbiotic supplementation on HRQOL in children with CF.Methods: In the present double-blind randomized clinical trial, 40 CF children were randomly allocated to the two groups. The intervention group was supplemented with synbiotics supplements and the patients in the placebo group received maltodextrin for six months. Demographic data and information about antibiotic use were recorded using the questionnaire. The health-related quality of life was assessed using the Persian version of quality of life inventory questionnaires. Paired t-test and ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: Totally, 36 participants completed the trial. The mean score of HRQOL was 76.34±17.33. There were no significant differences between synbiotic and placebo groups regarding baseline demographic and quality of life characteristics. Compared with baseline values, the mean total score and subscores of quality of life did not change significantly after synbiotic and placebo supplementation (p>0.05). Moreover, the results of ANCOVA showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the post-trial value of HRQOL total score and subscores. Conclusion: According to results, six-month supplementation with synbiotic did not have a significant effect on the HEQOL in children with CF. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and using more disease-specific questionnaires are needed for a more precise conclusion. The protocol of the study was registered at Iranian registry clinical trials (Registration code: IRCT2017011732004N1; Registration date: 2017-02-14).
Characteristics of acute ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients in Tibet: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Lu Yuxuan , Zhuoga Cidan , Jin Haiqiang , Zhu Feiqi , Zhao Yuhua , Ding Zhijie , He Shihua , Du Ailian , Xu Jun , Luo Jingjing , Sun Yongan
Published: July 2020

Background: Lots of studies of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) had been conducted at low altitude regions, and related findings were used to instruct clinic management while corresponding studies at high altitude were few. This study aimed to analyse AIS clinic characteristics at high altitude regions by conducting a hospital-based comparative study between Tibet and Beijing. Methods: This study included the diagnoses of AIS patients from People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (PHOTAR) and Peking University First Hospital (PUFH) between 1st January 2014, and 31st December 2017, where data including patient demographics, treatment time, onset season, risk factors, infarction location, laboratory data, image examination results, treatments, and AIS subtype were collected and compared. Continuous and categorical variables were analysed with a two-sample t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test, respectively. Significant risk factors were examined with binary logistic regression analysis.Results: In total, 236 and 1021 inpatients from PHOTAR and PUFH were included, respectively. The PHOTAR patients were younger than the PUFH patients (P<0.001). Young adult stroke, erythrocytosis, and hyperhomocysteinemia were more frequent in PHOTAR patients (all P<0.001). Other vascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and smoking and alcohol consumption history, were less prevalent in PHOTAR patients than in PUFH patients. The rate of intravenous thrombolysis and the rate of within intravenous thrombolysis window time were also lower in PHOTAR patients (both P<0.001). PHOTAR groups also tended to have anterior circulation infarction. Erythrocytosis and hyperhomocysteinemia were independent risk factors in PHOTAR, and here young adults accounted for a larger proportion of stroke cases. Conclusion: In Tibet, the average age of AIS patients were less, and anterior circulation infarctions were also more common. Erythrocytosis and hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to these differences. Here young adult stroke also accounted for a higher proportion, and this may be associated with erythrocytosis. Our findings present the first hospital-based comparative study in Tibet and may contribute to policies for stroke prevention in this region.