bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of a gap junction protein, connexin43, in a large panel of human gliomas: new insights
Authors: Crespin Sophie , Fromont Gaëlle , Wager Michel , Levillain Pierre , Cronier Laurent , Monvoisin Arnaud , Defamie Norah , Mesnil Marc
Published: June 2016

Precise diagnosis of low and high grades of brain tumors permits determining therapeutical strategies. So far, diagnosis and prognosis of gliomas were based on histological and genetic criteria which need being completed by a panel of molecular markers. Highly distributed in brain, gap junction proteins, connexins, could be considered as markers of glioma progression as previous studies indicated that expression of a connexin type, connexin43 (Cx43), is inversely correlated to tumor grading. However, this assumption was weakened by the low number of glioma samples used. Taking advantage of tissue microarray technique, we pursued this analysis by studying in situ expression of Cx43 on 85 samples (37 grade IV, 18 grade III, 24 grade II, and 6 grades II to III). Our analysis confirmed the global diminution of Cx43 expression in glioblastomas that was observed in previous studies. However, this analysis brought new insights such as the following ones. First, the high number of samples permitted to show that more than 60% of glioblastomas still express Cx43. Second, no gradual decrease in Cx43 expression was observed between grades II and III, but Cx43 appeared to be a marker distinguishing oligodendrocytic and astrocytic grade III tumors. Third, independently from tumor grade, a Cx43 nuclear staining was detected in areas where leukocytes are present. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the importance of in situ immunohistochemical approaches by giving more precise insights in the subcellular localization of Cx43. It also emphasizes the necessity to carry out such analysis on a wide range of samples to circumvent the high glioma heterogeneity.
Down‐regulation of semaphorin 3F in rat retinal ganglion cells in response to optic nerve crush
Authors: Ko Ji‐Ae , Minamoto Akira , Sugimoto Yosuke , Kiuchi Yoshiaki
Published: June 2016

Glaucoma is characterized by degeneration of optic nerve axons and death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Nerve crush and axotomy of the optic nerve are studied as models of RGC death in glaucoma and of axon regeneration. The mechanisms underlying the response of RGCs to axonal injury remain unclear, however. We have now examined the effects of optic nerve crush on the expression of members of the semaphorin family of neuronal guidance proteins in the rat retina. The expression of semaphorin 3F (Sema3F) in the retina was down‐regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels at 7 days after optic nerve injury, whereas that of Sema3A, Sema3B or Sema3C remained unaffected. Immunohistofluorescence analysis and laser capture microdissection followed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that this loss of Sema3F expression occurred in the RGC layer of the retina. Furthermore, antibody‐mediated neutralization of secreted Sema3F in retinal organ culture resulted in down‐regulation of neuron‐specific βIII‐tubulin (Tuj‐1 antigen), a marker of RGCs. Our results suggest that Sema3F may contribute to the regulation of RGC function or survival and therefore warrants further investigation as a potential mediator of neuroprotection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rac1 promotes chondrogenesis by regulating STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Kim Hyoin , Sonn Jong Kyung
Published: June 2016

The small GTPase protein Rac1 is involved in a wide range of biological processes including cell differentiation. Previously, Rac1 was shown to promote chondrogenesis in micromass cultures of limb mesenchyme. However, the pathways mediating Rac1's role in chondrogenesis are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms by which Rac1 regulates chondrogenic differentiation. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was increased as chondrogenesis proceeded in micromass cultures of chick wing bud mesenchyme. Inhibition of Rac1 with NSC23766, janus kinase 2 (JAK2) with AG490, or STAT3 with stattic inhibited chondrogenesis and reduced phosphorylation of STAT3. Conversely, overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 (Rac L61) increased phosphorylation of STAT3. Rac L61 expression resulted in increased expression of interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and treatment with IL‐6 increased phosphorylation of STAT3. NSC23766, AG490, and stattic prohibited cell aggregation, whereas expression of Rac L61 increased cell aggregation, which was reduced by stattic treatment. Our studies indicate that Rac1 induces STAT3 activation through expression and action of IL‐6. Overexpression of Rac L61 increased expression of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4). BMP4 promoted chondrogenesis, which was inhibited by K02288, an activin receptor‐like kinase‐2 inhibitor, and increased phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. Overexpression of Rac L61 also increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, which was reduced by K02288. These results suggest that Rac1 activates STAT3 by expression of IL‐6, which in turn increases expression and activity of BMP4, leading to the promotion of chondrogenesis.
Fork in the road: Are all bifurcations created equal?
Authors: Hira Ravi S. , Dean Larry S.
Published: June 2016

Key Points

The TRYTON study evaluated routine side branch (SB) stenting with a novel bare metal stent (BMS) designed for true bifurcation lesions (Medina 1,1,1; 1,0,1; 0,1,1) and compared it to a strategy of balloon angioplasty with provisional stenting. It failed to meet the primary endpoint of non‐inferiority in target vessel failure mainly driven by peri‐procedural myocardial infarction (MI) with elevated CK‐MB > 3× the upper limit of normal.

In this substudy, 41% of patients who had a SB diameter > 2.25 mm were evaluated and the new stent was found to be non‐inferior in the primary outcome of target vessel failure with no difference in post‐procedural MI.

This substudy suggests that appropriately sized SB stents with TRYTON may be useful when the SB is >2.25 mm in diameter. However, further studies could evaluate routine use of FFR for SBs; drug eluting versions of the stent as well as stents designed for vessels 2.25 mm in diameter which are frequently felt to be clinically larger when not subjected to core lab analysis.
Zwitterion/Brønsted Acid Mixtures Showing Controlled Lower Critical Solution Temperature‐Type Phase Changes with Water
Authors: Mieno Yuki , Kohno Yuki , Saita Shohei , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: June 2016

A new ammonium‐type zwitterion (ZI), N,N‐dihexyl‐N‐monopentyl‐3‐sulfonyl‐1‐propaneammonium (N665C3S) with adequate hydrophobicity showed reversible and highly temperature‐sensitive lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type phase transitions after being mixed with pure water. Generally for such compounds, those with longer alkyl chains were immiscible with water and those with shorter chains were miscible with water, regardless of temperature. A slightly more hydrophobic ZI than N665C3S showed LCST‐type phase behavior with water when it was mixed with equimolar amounts of a Brønsted acid such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HTfO). The phase‐transition temperature of the ZI/Brønsted acid mixed aqueous solution was controllable by water content.
Hydroxyl Radical Generation and DNA Nuclease Activity: A Mechanistic Study Based on a Surface‐Immobilized Copper Thioether Clip‐Phen Derivative
Authors: Romo Adolfo I. B. , Abreu Dieric S. , de F. Paulo Tércio , Carepo Marta S. P. , Sousa Eduardo H. S. , Lemus Luis , Aliaga Carolina , Batista Alzir A. , Nascimento Otaciro R. , Abruña Héctor D. , Diógenes Izaura C. N.
Published: June 2016

Coordination compounds of copper have been invoked as major actors in processes involving the reduction of molecular oxygen, mostly with the generation of radical species the assignment for which has, so far, not been fully addressed. In the present work, we have carried out studies in solution and on surfaces to gain insights into the nature of the radical oxygen species (ROS) generated by a copper(II) coordination compound containing a thioether clip‐phen derivative, 1,3‐bis(1,10‐phenanthrolin‐2‐yloxy)‐N‐(4‐(methylthio)benzylidene)propan‐2‐amine (2CP‐Bz‐SMe), enabling its adsorption/immobilization to gold surfaces. Whereas surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrochemistry of the adsorbed complex indicated the formation of a dimeric CuI intermediate containing molecular oxygen as a bridging ligand, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and nuclease assays pointed to the generation of a ROS species. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data reinforced such conclusions, indicating that radical production was dependent on the amount of oxygen and H2O2, thus pointing to a mechanism involving a Fenton‐like reaction that results in the production of OH..
Evaluation of Fe and Ru Pincer‐Type Complexes as Catalysts for the Racemization of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols
Authors: Bornschein Christoph , Gustafson Karl P. J. , Verho Oscar , Beller Matthias , Bäckvall Jan‐E.
Published: June 2016

Fe and Ru pincer‐type catalysts are used for the racemization of benzylic alcohols. Racemization with the Fe catalyst was achieved within 30 minutes under mild reaction conditions, with a catalyst loading as low as 2 mol %. This reaction constitutes the first example of an iron‐catalyzed racemization of an alcohol. The efficiency for racemization of the Fe catalyst and its Ru analogue was evaluated for a wide range ofsec‐benzylic alcohols. The commercially available Ru complex proved to be highly robust and even tolerated the presence of water in the reaction mixture.
Oxidative Alkane C−H Alkoxycarbonylation
Authors: Lu Lijun , Shi Renyi , Liu Luyao , Yan Jingwen , Lu Fangling , Lei Aiwen
Published: June 2016

Directly utilizing a chemical feedstock to construct valuable compounds is an attractive prospect in organic synthesis. In particular, the combination of C(sp3)−H activation and oxidative carbonylation involving alkanes and CO gas is a promising and efficient method to synthesize carbonyl derivatives. However, due to the high C−H bond dissociation energy and low polarity of unactivated alkanes, the carbonylation of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds still remains a great challenge. In this work, we introduce a palladium‐catalyzed radical oxidative alkoxycarbonylation of alkanes to prepare numerous alkyl carboxylates. Various alkanes and alcohols were compatible, generating the desired products in up to 94 % yield. Remarkably, ethane, a constituent of natural gas, could be employed as a substrate under the standard reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed a probable palladium‐catalyzed radical process.
ChemInform Abstract: A Naturally‐Occurring New Lead‐Based Halocuprate(I).
Authors: Welch Mark D. , Rumsey Michael S. , Kleppe Annette K.
Published: June 2016

Pb2Cu(OH)2I3, a new type of a halocuprate(I) is discovered as a natural mineral in a rock specimen from the Cu—Zn—Pb ore deposit in NSW, Australia.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transition, Conformational Exchange, and Nonlinear Optical Third Harmonic Generation of ACsP2Se8 (A: K, Rb, Cs).
Authors: Haynes Alyssa S. , Banerjee Abhishek , Saouma Felix O. , Otieno Calford O. , Jang Joon I. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: June 2016

The title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric amounts of K2Se, and/or M2Se2 (M: Rb, Cs), P, and Se (500—550 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Ternary Rare‐Earth Zirconium Selenides, Ln2ZrSe5 (Ln: Ce—Nd).
Authors: Guo Sheng‐Ping , Chi Yang , Guo Guo‐Cong
Published: June 2016

Ce2ZrSe5 (I), Pr2ZrSe5 (II), and Nd2ZrSe5 (III) are prepared by solid state reaction of CeO2 or Pr6O11 or Nd2O3, ZrO2, Se, and boron as the reductant in the molar ratio of 2:1:5:6, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Non‐Centrosymmetric n = 3 Layered Dion—Jacobson Perovskites: Polar RbBi2Ti2NbO10 and Nonpolar CsBi2Ti2TaO10.
Authors: Kim Hyung Gu , Tran T. Thao , Choi Woongjin , You Tae‐Soo , Halasyamani P. Shiv , Ok Kang Min
Published: June 2016

Single crystals of CsBi2Ti2TaO10 (I) are prepared by solid state reaction of Cs2CO3, Bi2O3, TiO2, and Ta2O5 (Pt crucible, 1000 °C, 24 h, 30% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective C—H Olefination of α‐Hydroxy and α‐Amino Phenylacetic Acids by Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Xiao Kai‐Jiong , Chu Ling , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: June 2016

The first examples of kinetic resolution by a palladium(II)‐catalyzed enantioselective C—H activation and C—C bond formation are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis by the Umpolung of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Nakano Yuji , Lupton David W.
Published: June 2016

Using a chiral morpholine‐fused triazolium salt as NHC precatalyst, the first examples for the enantioselective synthesis of 2‐aryl propionates by umpolung of α,β‐unsaturated ketones are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones with Modified Grubbs′ Metathesis Catalysts: On the Way to a Tandem Process.
Authors: Renom‐Carrasco Marc , Gajewski Piotr , Pignataro Luca , de Vries Johannes G. , Piarulli Umberto , Gennari Cesare , Lefort Laurent
Published: June 2016

Upon addition of a chiral amine ligand, an alcohol and a base, the 1st generation Hoveyda—Grubbs catalyst is in situ transformed into an asymmetric transfer hydrogenation catalyst, promoting the enantioselective reduction of acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Angle Strain Controlled Strategy to Furopyran Derivatives from Propargyl Vinyl Ethers: Insight into the Regioselectivity of Cycloisomerization.
Authors: Jin Shengfei , Jiang Chongguo , Peng Xiaoshi , Shan Chunhui , Cui Shanshan , Niu Yuanyuan , Liu Yang , Lan Yu , Liu Yongxiang , Cheng Maosheng
Published: June 2016

The utility of this method is demonstrated in the synthesis of the mycotoxin isopatulin (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Bond‐Forming Strategy by Manganese‐Catalyzed Oxidative Ring‐Opening Cyanation and Ethynylation of Cyclobutanol Derivatives.
Authors: Ren Rongguo , Wu Zhen , Xu Yan , Zhu Chen
Published: June 2016

A novel and general C—C bond‐forming strategy employing manganese‐catalyzed ring‐opening cyanation or ethynylation of cyclobutanols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Regioselective γ‐Amination of Enones.
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Liu Xiaoguang , Mohr Justin T.
Published: June 2016

The regioselective γ‐C—N bond formation occurs with enone substrates through controlled dienolate reactivity toward azodicarboxylate electrophiles, representing the first direct γ‐amination of ketone‐derived dienolates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Imines: Catalyst‐Controlled Synthesis of Enamine and Allylic Amine Derivatives.
Authors: Li Minyan , Gonzalez‐Esguevillas Maria , Berritt Simon , Yang Xiaodong , Bellomo Ana , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: June 2016

A remarkable catalyst‐controlled chemo‐ and regioselective α‐ and γ‐arylation of azaallyl anion intermediates is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Promiscuity of Transaminases: Preparation of Enantioenriched β‐Fluoroamines by Formal Tandem Hydrodefluorination/Deamination.
Authors: Cuetos Anibal , Garcia‐Ramos Marina , Fischereder Eva‐Maria , Diaz‐Rodriguez Alba , Grogan Gideon , Gotor Vicente , Kroutil Wolfgang , Lavandera Ivan
Published: June 2016

A series of racemic β‐fluoroamines is kinetically resolved by a tandem hydrodefluorination/deamination process.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Photoredox Cross‐Coupling of Acyl Chlorides with Potassium Alkoxymethyltrifluoroborates: Synthesis of α‐Alkoxyketones.
Authors: Amani Javad , Sodagar Esmat , Molander Gary A.
Published: June 2016

In the single‐electron‐transfer, photoredox cross‐coupling, various aliphatic and aromatic acyl chlorides are coupled with structurally diverse potassium alkoxymethyltrifluoroborates to produce the corresponding α‐alkoxyketones.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Iodosuccinimide‐Promoted Cascade Trifunctionalization of Alkynoates: Access to 1,1‐Diiodoalkenes.
Authors: Ni Shengyang , Sha Wanxing , Zhang Lijun , Xie Chen , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: June 2016

The novel cascade strategy for trifunctionalization of an acetylene bond proceeds via a sequence involving iodination, aryl migration, decarboxylation, and a second iodination.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Dearomatizing Annulation of N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles: Synthesis of Polycyclic Spiroindolines.
Authors: Bora Pranjal Protim , Luo Zeng‐Liang , Chen Li , Kang Qiang
Published: June 2016

An efficient approach for the synthesis of polycyclic spiroindolines is developed by utilizing Rh(II)‐catalyzed dearomatizing annulation of sulfonyl triazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Regioselective Asymmetric [3 + 2] Annulations of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates with Cyclic 1‐Azadienes and Mechanism Elucidation
Authors: Wang Kai‐Kai , Jin Tian , Huang Xin , Ouyang Qin , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: June 2016

31 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Preparation of 2‐Aryl‐3‐cyanobenzofurans with Bright Blue Photoluminescence.
Authors: Zhang Lianpeng , Peng Zhixing , Wen Qiaodong , Li Xihui , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: June 2016

The cascade synthesis of arylcyanobenzofurans from o‐hydroxybenzaldehydes and arylacetonitriles includes Knoevenagel condensation, cyanide anion transfer, intramolecular nucleophilic addition, and aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Cyano‐Chlorins Related to Chlorophyll from Formyl (Pyro)‐Pheophorbide‐a by a Tandem Transformation of the Aldehyde into a Nitrile Group
Authors: Gao Na , Li Jia‐Zhu , Li Yan‐Long , Wang Zhen , Wang Jin‐Jun
Published: June 2016

A facile method to synthesize cyanochlorin from a formyl‐substituted chlorin by oxidation of methyl (pyro)pheophorbide‐a is accomplished.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Mediated Intermolecular 1,2‐Alkylarylation of Styrenes with α‐Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides and Indoles.
Authors: Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Song Ren‐Jie , Hu Ming , Yang Yuan , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: June 2016

The new radical 1,2‐alkylarylation of styrenes results in two new C—C bonds generated in a single step through a sequence of intermolecular C(sp3)—Br functionalization and C(sp2)—H functionalization across the alkene.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Antiproliferative 2,3‐Dihydro‐2,3′‐bisindoles via Dimerization of N‐H Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Guo Tao , Han Shu‐Lei , Liu Ying‐Chao , Liu Yu , Liu Hong‐Min
Published: June 2016

The synthetic utility of title compounds (II) is demonstrated by further transformations, including cross‐coupling reactions or Pd‐catalyzed aromatization to afford bisindoles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active 4‐Substituted 5‐Nitropentan‐2‐ones: Valuable Chiral Building Blocks for the Stereocontrolled Construction of Spiro‐Pyrazolone Scaffolds with Five Contiguous Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Sun Jiao , Jiang Cuiping , Zhou Zhenghong
Published: June 2016

In a first step, pentanone precursors of type (III) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxazolidin‐2‐ones by Oxidative Coupling of Isonitriles, Phenyl Vinyl Selenone, and Water.
Authors: Buyck Thomas , Pasche Delphine , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: June 2016

Reaction of alkyl isocyanides, phenyl vinyl selenone, and water in the presence of a catalytic amount of Cs2CO3 affords oxazole derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Assembly of 3‐(Trifluoromethyl)thiochromenes via a Regioselective Trifluoromethylthioarylation of (3‐Arylprop‐2‐ynyl)oxybenzenes with Trifluoromethanesulfanylamide.
Authors: Liu Tong , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Ding Qiuping , Wu Jie
Published: June 2016

The synthesis of title compounds proceeds via electrophilic cyclization and reaction with CF3+ generated in situ by reaction of (II) with BiCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted 1,2‐Dihydroquinolines and Indoles via Cascade Reactions of Arylamines and Propargylic Alcohols Catalyzed by FeCl3·6H2O.
Authors: Shao Min , Wu Yunjun , Feng Zhijun , Gu Xiaoxia , Wang Shaoyin
Published: June 2016

Dihydroquinolines are readily accessible from inexpensive starting materials by a iron‐catalyzed Friedel—Crafts‐type reaction/6‐endo‐trig hydroamination cascade.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Heterosubstituted Cyclopentenone Antiviral Compounds: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Antiviral Evaluation.
Authors: Mantione Daniele , Aizpuru Olatz Olaizola , Memeo Misal Giuseppe , Bovio Bruna , Quadrelli Paolo
Published: June 2016

The title cyclopentenones are prepared by a typical nucleophilic substitution process of racemic oxocyclopentenyl acetate with uracil, thymine, 6‐chloropurine, and some adenines.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Approaches to Diversified Soft Lewis Basic Complexants Through Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Bromoheteroarenes with Organotrifluoroborates.
Authors: Chin Ai Lin , Carrick Jesse D.
Published: June 2016

The Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of bis‐ and tris‐brominated pyridyl‐substituted 1,2,4‐triazines with organotrifluoroborates is used to synthesize a variety of the corresponding organyl substituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a Di‐μ‐oxalato Tetracopper(II) Complex with Tetranucleating Macrocyclic Ligand
Authors: Miyazato Yuji , Asato Eiji , Ohba Masaaki , Wada Tohru
Published: June 2016

synthesis and investigation of structural and magnetic properties of the new tetracopper(II) complex
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Configurations of (‐)‐Furospongin‐1 and (+)‐Dihydrofurospongin‐2.
Authors: Tan Dong‐Xing , Xu Ze‐Jun , Chen Hui‐Jun , Wu Yikang , You Jun
Published: June 2016

The furanoterpenes, furospongin‐1 (I) and dihydrofurospongin‐2 (II), are prepared for the first time using a chiral‐pool‐based sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Homopetasinic Acid Isolated from Diaporthe sp. Strain 1308‐05.
Authors: Ito Atsushi , Kumagai Ikuya , Maruyama Miku , Maeda Hayato , Tonouchi Akio , Nehira Tatsuo , Kimura Ken‐ichi , Hashimoto Masaru
Published: June 2016

isolation, structure determination and biological activities
ChemInform Abstract: Sarglaperoxides A and B, Sesquiterpene—Normonoterpene Conjugates with a Peroxide Bridge from the Seeds of Sarcandra glabra.
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Rui‐Jun , Liu Rui‐Huan , Jian Kai‐Li , Yang Ming‐Hua , Yang Lei , Kong Ling‐Yi , Luo Jun
Published: June 2016

Sarglaperoxide A (I) demonstrates moderate antibacterial and antiinflammatory activities in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Characteristic Steroids from the South China Sea Gorgonian Muricella sibogae and Their Cytotoxicities.
Authors: Zhang Xing‐Wang , Tang Xu‐Li , Liu Bao‐Sheng , Li Ping‐Lin , Li Guo‐Qiang
Published: June 2016

One new secosteroid, Sibogol D (I), and two new steroids, Sibogols E (IIa) and F (IIb), are isolated from the Muricella sibogae along with 21 known steroid‐based natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective, Tin‐Free Sulfation of Unprotected Hexopyranosides by Using Phenylboronic Acid
Authors: Fukuhara Kenji , Shimada Naoyuki , Nishino Takashi , Kaji Eisuke , Makino Kazuishi
Published: June 2016

for masking the hydroxy groups and a 2,2,2‐trichloroethyl‐protected sulfurylimidazolium salt as the sulfating reagent
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in p‐Type Oxide Semiconductor Materials and Devices
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Nayak Pradipta K. , Caraveo‐Frescas Jesus A. , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: June 2016

Review: 400 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Separation of Cucurbit[n]urils and Their Derivatives
Authors: Cong Hang , Ni Xing Long , Xiao Xin , Huang Ying , Zhu Qian‐Jiang , Xue Sai‐Feng , Tao Zhu , Lindoy Leonard F. , Wei Gang
Published: June 2016

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Insights into Ordering and Dynamics in Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal Electrolytes
Authors: Forsyth M. , Chen F. , O'Dell L. A. , Romanenko K.
Published: June 2016

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Microscopic Disorder in Reconstructed Porous Materials and Assessment of Mass Transport‐Relevant Structural Descriptors
Authors: Muellner Tibor , Unger Klaus K. , Tallarek Ulrich
Published: June 2016

Review: 232 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolite Science and Technology at Eni
Authors: Bellussi Giuseppe , Millini Roberto , Pollesel Paolo , Perego Carlo
Published: June 2016

Review: 141 refs.
Impact of fine solids on mined Athabasca oil sands extraction I. Floatability of fine solids
Authors: Zhou Zoe A. , Li Haihong , Chow Ross , Adeyinka Olusola B. , Xu Zhenghe , Masliyah Jacob
Published: June 2016

Understanding the mechanisms by which fine solids are recovered to bitumen froth during oil sands extraction plays a critical role in minimizing the detrimental effect of fines on bitumen recovery and froth quality. A simple method was presented in this study to distinguish fine solids recovery by water entrainment from that by true flotation. Dispersed air flotation was carried out, using a 1‐L Denver flotation cell, to evaluate flotation behaviours of different sizes and types of fine solids (< 5 μm up to < 40 μm silica, < 5 μm kaolinite clays, and < 44 μm fine solids extracted from oil sands). The results show that dispersed individual fine solids in oil sands slurries could be recovered to the froth by mechanical entrainment, and by true flotation. While the recovery of hydrophilic fine solids decreased with increasing particle sizes by water entrainment, the recovery of hydrophobized fine solids, due to dodecylamine adsorption, increased with increasing particle sizes by true flotation. Fine solids extracted from oil sands behaved differently from pure silica or clays: they adsorbed amine slowly, and responded to flotation slowly. The exact reasons remain to be explored.
Role of Intramolecular Aromatic π–π Interactions in the Self‐Assembly of Di‐l‐Phenylalanine Dipeptide Driven by Intermolecular Interactions: Effect of Alanine Substitution
Authors: Reddy Samala Murali Mohan , Shanmugam Ganesh
Published: June 2016

Although the role of intermolecular aromatic π–π interactions in the self‐assembly of di‐l‐phenylalanine (l‐Phe‐l‐Phe, FF), a peptide that is known for hierarchical structure, is well established, the influence of intramolecular π–π interactions on the morphology of the self‐assembled structure of FF has not been studied. Herein, the role of intramolecular aromatic π–π interactions is investigated for FF and analogous alanine (Ala)‐containing dipeptides, namely, l‐Phe‐l‐Ala (FA) and l‐Ala‐l‐Phe (AF). The results reveal that these dipeptides not only form self‐assemblies, but also exhibit remarkable differences in structural morphology. The morphological differences between FF and the analogues indicate the importance of intramolecular π–π interactions, and the structural difference between FA and AF demonstrates the crucial role of the nature of intramolecular side‐chain interactions (aromatic–aliphatic or aliphatic–aromatic), in addition to intermolecular interactions, in deciding the final morphology of the self‐assembled structure. The current results emphasise that intramolecular aromatic π–π interaction may not be essential to induce self‐assembly in smaller peptides, and π (aromatic)–alkyl or alkyl–π (aromatic) interactions may be sufficient. This work also illustrates the versatility of aromatic and a combination of aromatic and aliphatic residues in dipeptides in the formation of structurally diverse self‐assembled structures.
Separation of Light Hydrocarbons through Selective Molecular Exclusion by a Microporous Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Xin‐Long , Li Jing
Published: June 2016

[Zn2(sdc)2(bpe)] (compound 1, sdc=4,4′‐stilbenedicarboxylate, bpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane)), a doubly interpenetrated, pillared‐layer microporous metal–organic framework has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure features a common Zn2(COO)4 paddle‐wheel building unit. Compound 1 undergoes structural change upon solvent removal. The activated phase (compound 2) displays permanent porosity, excellent thermal/moisture stability, and interesting hydrocarbon adsorption properties. Gas adsorption experiments show that compound 1 selectively adsorbs saturated/unsaturated C2 hydrocarbons but excludes C3 and C4 hydrocarbons at room temperature. We have collected single‐component adsorption isotherms of six light hydrocarbons and calculated adsorption selectivities of various binary hydrocarbon mixtures by ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The results show that compound 1 possesses remarkably high selectivity towards C2 over C3/C4 hydrocarbons and the separation is achieved by selective molecular exclusion.
Adolescent and Family‐focused Cognitive–behavioural Therapy for Paediatric Bipolar Disorders: A Case Series
Authors: Knutsson Jens , Bäckström Beata , Daukantaitė Daiva , Lecerof Fredrik
Published: June 2016

Although pharmacological treatments can help alleviate mood symptoms in youth with paediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), residual symptoms still commonly persist. In many cases, these symptoms seriously affect the social and psychological development of children and adolescents suffering from PBD. Complementary interventions, such as psychosocial and psychoeducational treatments, can help children and their families manage mood regulation and other challenges throughout childhood and adolescence. However, most research on such interventions has focused on children, single‐family psychoeducation, and individual cognitive behavioural therapy. The present study, conducted in Sweden, used a case‐series design to explore whether child‐ and family‐focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CFF‐CBT) for PBD, adapted from children (8–12 years) to adolescents (13–18 years) and applied in a multi‐family format, could help reduce symptoms, improve psychosocial functioning, increase parents' knowledge of and skills for coping with the disorder, and improve family expressed emotion for adolescents with PBD. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether the effects of such CFF‐CBT are maintained at a one‐year follow‐up. Seven adolescents and 11 parents in two multi‐family groups received twelve sessions of CFF‐CBT. Self‐rating questionnaires and clinical observations were used to evaluate clinically significant changes for individual cases. The results suggest that CFF‐CBT is feasible to deliver in an outpatient psychiatric setting and may be effective for developing parents' skills and knowledge for coping with PBD, increasing adolescents' psychosocial functioning, and improving family climate. The results are in line with previous findings on CFF‐CBT for children with PBD, suggesting that CFF‐CBT is a valuable adjunctive treatment for adolescents with PBD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Preliminary evidence indicates that CFF‐CBT (RAINBOW) is both acceptable and an important complement to pharmacological treatment for adolescents suffering from paediatric bipolar disorder (PBD).

Adolescent PBD populations show a high degree of comorbidity and individual clinical presentations that influence treatment results.

Families show a large variation in ability to participate and benefit from RAINBOW treatment. Assessing and addressing pre‐treatment environmental stressors and family climate during treatment is important for optimizing treatment effect.

Symptoms of PBD fluctuate and new episodes can occur spontaneously. It is therefore important to follow PBD symptoms over time to draw more precise conclusions on treatment effects.

When assessing treatment effects on psychiatric symptoms, social functioning, and family climate, it is important to use multiple rating sources, as ratings can vary considerably between adolescents, parents, and clinicians.
Help your students use effective study strategies
Authors: Hamblet Elizabeth C.
Published: June 2016

Because college students have to do so much learning on their own, study strategies can be critical to their success. Several strategies are commonly recommended to students, but are they truly effective?
Does one model fit all? Patterns of beech mortality in natural forests of three European regions
Authors: Hülsmann Lisa , Bugmann Harald K. M. , Commarmot Brigitte , Meyer Peter , Zimmermann Stephan , Brang Peter
Published: June 2016

Large uncertainties characterize forest development under global climate change. Although recent studies have found widespread increased tree mortality, the patterns and processes associated with tree death remain poorly understood, thus restricting accurate mortality predictions. Yet, projections of future forest dynamics depend critically on robust mortality models, preferably based on empirical data rather than theoretical, not well‐constrained assumptions. We developed parsimonious mortality models for individual beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) trees and evaluated their potential for incorporation in dynamic vegetation models (DVMs). We used inventory data from nearly 19,000 trees from unmanaged forests in Switzerland, Germany, and Ukraine, representing the largest dataset used to date for calibrating such models. Tree death was modelled as a function of size and growth, i.e., stem diameter (dbh) and relative basal area increment (relBAI), using generalized logistic regression accounting for unequal re‐measurement intervals. To explain the spatial and temporal variability in mortality patterns, we considered a large set of environmental and stand characteristics. Validation with independent datasets was performed to assess model generality. Our results demonstrate strong variability in beech mortality that was independent of environmental or stand characteristics. Mortality patterns in Swiss and German strict forest reserves were dominated by competition processes as indicated by J‐shaped mortality over tree size and growth. The Ukrainian primeval beech forest was additionally characterized by windthrow and a U‐shaped size–mortality function. Unlike the mortality model based on Ukrainian data, the Swiss and German models achieved good discrimination and acceptable transferability when validated against each other. We thus recommend these two models to be incorporated and examined in DVMs. Their mortality predictions respond to climate change via tree growth, which is sufficient to capture the adverse effects of water availability and competition on the mortality probability of beech under current conditions.
Urban bat communities are affected by wetland size, quality, and pollution levels
Authors: Straka Tanja Maria , Lentini Pia Eloise , Lumsden Linda Faye , Wintle Brendan Anthony , van der Ree Rodney
Published: June 2016

Wetlands support unique biota and provide important ecosystem services. These services are highly threatened due to the rate of loss and relative rarity of wetlands in most landscapes, an issue that is exacerbated in highly modified urban environments. Despite this, critical ecological knowledge is currently lacking for many wetland‐dependent taxa, such as insectivorous bats, which can persist in urban areas if their habitats are managed appropriately. Here, we use a novel paired landscape approach to investigate the role of wetlands in urban bat conservation and examine local and landscape factors driving bat species richness and activity. We acoustically monitored bat activity at 58 urban wetlands and 35 nonwetland sites (ecologically similar sites without free‐standing water) in the greater Melbourne area, southeastern Australia. We analyzed bat species richness and activity patterns using generalized linear mixed‐effects models. We found that the presence of water in urban Melbourne was an important driver of bat species richness and activity at a landscape scale. Increasing distance to bushland and increasing levels of heavy metal pollution within the waterbody also negatively influenced bat richness and individual species activity. Areas with high levels of artificial night light had reduced bat species richness, and reduced activity for all species except those adapted to urban areas, such as the White‐striped free‐tailed bat (Austronomus australis). Increased surrounding tree cover and wetland size had a positive effect on bat species richness. Our findings indicate that wetlands form critical habitats for insectivorous bats in urban environments. Large, unlit, and unpolluted wetlands flanked by high tree cover in close proximity to bushland contribute most to the richness of the bat community. Our findings clarify the role of wetlands for insectivorous bats in urban areas and will also allow for the preservation, construction, and management of wetlands that maximize conservation outcomes for urban bats and possibly other wetland‐dependent and nocturnal fauna.
A review on prediction models for full‐scale fire behaviour of building products
Authors: Vermina Lundström Frida , van Hees Patrick , Guillaume Éric
Published: June 2016

This study aims to give an overview over different reaction‐to‐fire prediction models developed over the last decades by finding similarities and differences between models, as well as identifying their robustness in scaling. The models have been divided into four categories – empirical, thermal, polynomial and comprehensive – depending on how pyrolysis is modelled. Empirical models extrapolate bench‐scale test results to larger scales. These models are pertinent to applications that they have been validated for, but surfacic parameters used may not be scalable. In thermal models, pyrolysis is represented by heat transfer rates. The models are feasible for materials with high activation energies and where little pyrolysis occur before ignition. Polynomial models are empirical models that also take the environment into account. The validity of scaling is yet to be established. The comprehensive methodology includes chemical kinetics in the condensed phase. It has the potential to be used for any application; however, many parameters are needed. This increases the degrees of freedom versus data available for the description of the problem. Consequently, possible errors are introduced, and uncertainty is increased. A comprehensive multi‐scale methodology is a way forward, where many steps of validation are possible. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of different salt and fat levels on the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of black pudding
Authors: Fellendorf Susann , O'Sullivan Maurice G. , Kerry Joseph P.
Published: June 2016

Black pudding, also known as blood sausages or blood pudding, is a kind of meat product made by blood, popular in Asia, Europe, and America. Twenty‐five black pudding formulations with varying fat contents of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/w) and sodium contents of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0% (w/w) were manufactured. Sensory acceptance and ranking descriptive analyses as well as compositional and physicochemical analyses were conducted. Samples high in sodium (0.6–1.0%) were scored higher in juiciness, toughness, saltiness, fatness, and spiciness. These samples were the most accepted, whereas samples containing 0.2% sodium were the least accepted. Black pudding samples containing 0.6% sodium and 10% fat displayed a positive (P < 0.05) correlation to liking of flavor and overall acceptability. This meets the sodium target level set by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland and shows additionally that a fat reduction in black pudding products is more than achievable.
Net Buying Pressure and Option Informed Trading
Authors: Chen Chao‐Chun , Wang Shih‐Hua
Published: June 2016

To differentiate between the effects of volatility trading and direction trading on an option market, this study decomposes net buying pressure of options into volatility‐motivated demand and direction‐motivated demand and examines their information content accordingly. With the two proposed measures, we find that changes in implied volatility of TAIEX OTM put options are driven by both volatility trading and directional trading over the sample period before the onset of the 2011 U.S. debt‐ceiling crisis, though the volatility trading effect is less than the directional trading effect. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:238–259, 2017
Atypical granular cell tumor in the maxilla: The first report of primary intraosseous granular cell tumor
Authors: Oh Kyu‐Young , Kang Kyung‐Rim , Yoon Hye‐Jung , Lee Jae‐Il , Hong Sam‐Pyo , Hong Seong‐Doo
Published: June 2016

Background

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a benign soft tissue tumor of neural origin and is characterized by eosinophilic granular cells showing positivity for neuronal markers. Herein, we report the first case of primary intraosseous GCT arising in the maxilla of an adolescent girl.

Methods and Results

A 16‐year‐old female patient presented with palatal swelling. Radiographic findings revealed a well‐defined radiolucent lesion centrally located in the right maxilla. Mass excision was performed, and histopathologic examination showed sheets and cords of eosinophilic granular cells with cellular pleomorphism. Tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin, S‐100 protein, and CD56, and negative for cytokeratin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, and c‐kit. High expression of p53 and Ki‐67 was found. The final diagnosis was atypical GCT.

Conclusion

When evaluating an intraosseous radiolucent lesion with histopathologic features of granular cells, clinicians and pathologists should include GCT in the differential diagnosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:E2467–E2470, 2016
How much water do Chilean forests use? A review of interception losses in forest plot studies
Authors: Soto‐Schönherr Sylvia , Iroumé Andrés
Published: June 2016

After several years of decreased annual rainfall and water shortages, the Chilean society is demanding that forest plantations take accountability of their role in consuming scarce water resources. Evidence has shown that interception losses are considerable when determining water production in watersheds. The aim of this study was to determine if site and stand variables explain interception losses by Chilean forests for the development of an empirical model that could predict the potential impacts of forest management practices and land‐use change. A total of 127 data from annual water balance plot studies in Chile were compiled to derive relationships between interception and precipitation, species composition, plantation age and other stand and site variables. The reviewed data indicated that annual interception losses are mainly explained by annual rainfall and basal area of the forest stands, with a clear difference between the northern (dryer) and southern (wetter) regions of Chile. For a wide latitudinal gradient, forest composition and age, annual interception accounted for approximately 21% of incoming precipitations. Broadleaved forest stands (including native broadleaved and eucalypt forests) generally presented higher interception losses than conifers. Interception was higher in northern zones, indicating that forests have greater impacts on water resources in dryer regions. Our results were compiled in empirical models, which can be used to estimate forest interception in a latitudinal gradient in Chile and to support policy making. These results are also proposed as an approximate analogue of the changes in forest interception losses, which may occur as vegetation belts shift latitudinally as a result of the impact of climate change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimum Power Dominating Sets of Random Cubic Graphs
Authors: Kang Liying , Wormald Nicholas
Published: June 2016

We present two heuristics for finding a small power dominating set of cubic graphs. We analyze the performance of these heuristics on random cubic graphs using differential equations. In this way, we prove that the proportion of vertices in a minimum power dominating set of a random cubic graph is asymptotically almost surely at most 0.067801. We also provide a corresponding lower bound of using known results on bisection width.
Factors causing climatologically high temperatures in a hottest city in Japan: a multi‐scale analysis of Tajimi
Authors: Takane Yuya , Kusaka Hiroyuki , Kondo Hiroaki , Okada Maki , Takaki Midori , Abe Shiori , Tanaka Shota , Miyamoto Kenji , Fuji Yukino , Nagai Toru
Published: June 2016

In this study, multi‐scale climatological features of extreme high temperature (EHT) events in Tajimi, the hottest cities in Japan, were investigated using observational data collected by the Japan Meteorological Agency over the past 23 years, and original data observed by the authors over the last 3 years. Results revealed the background factors that lead to climatologically high temperatures in Tajimi: the occurrence of a characteristic pressure pattern called ‘whale’: the synoptic‐scale factors, and the urbanization of Tajimi: the meso‐γ‐scale factors. In addition, the high temperatures measured in Tajimi are affected by the foehn‐like westerly airflow coming from the mountains located in the northwest/west towards the Nobi Plain where Tajimi is located at the east end: the meso‐β‐scale factors, and the location of the Tajimi observation site, which is within an urbanized area where the highest temperatures tend to be observed: the micro‐scale factors. In contrast, statistical analysis demonstrated that the small‐scale basin effects and soil dryness around Tajimi were of lesser importance than aforementioned factors, in the occurrence of EHT
events in Tajimi.
Novel Polyamide 6/Polystyrene In Situ Microfibrillar Blends Prepared by Anionic Polymerization of ε‐Caprolactam via Reactive Extrusion
Authors: Yan Dongguang , Li Jiao , Li Jianghong , Liu Hongzhi , Zhou Haijun , Shen Guochun
Published: June 2016

In this study, polyamide 6/polystyrene in situ microfibrillar blends are prepared via anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam in a twin screw extruder. Scanning electron microscope analysis reveals that microfibrillated PA6 dispersed phase, which is continuous and preferentially oriented parallel to the extrusion direction, is in situ formed within polystyrene (PS) matrix during reactive extrusion at the content PS equal to 30 and 40 wt%. Mechanical properties analysis shows that the yield strength and elongation at break of PA6/PS (70/30 and 60/40) microfibrillar blends are remarkably increased with respect to those of pure PS. Also, the in situ fibrillation mechanisms are investigated by the analysis of morphological evolution. This work demonstrates a facile and efficient route to fabricate the microfibrillar blends with relatively high contents of polymer microfibrils.

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Living Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Terpolymerization: General Concept and Synthetic Possibilities
Authors: Zaremski Mikhail Yu. , Plutalova Anna V. , Eremeev Innokentiy
Published: June 2016

The general concept for nitroxide‐mediated radical terpolymerization is advanced. This concept is based on activation‐deactivation equilibria for terminal polymer‐nitroxide adducts. Depending on monomer activity and the stability of terminal nitroxide adducts, terpolymerization can be equilibrium living, quasi‐equilibrium (gradient) living, decaying living, decaying gradient, or non‐living. Expressions for the effective activation‐deactivation equilibrium constant, Kef, and the rate of terpolymerization are derived from theoretical speculations on equilibrium living and decaying living terpolymerization. For quasi‐equilibrium living terpolymerization, various types of gradient terpolymers are predicted. When activity of the active monomer M1 is, at least, one order of magnitude different from that of the two other monomers, the effective constant Kef is shown to approach K1 of the most active monomer. Experimental kinetic and equilibrium constants agree with the advanced concept for the equilibrium living terpolymerization of styrene with methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile in the presence of nitroxide SG1, as well as for decaying living terpolymerization in the same system in the presence of nitroxide TEMPO.

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