bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NINDS Traumatic Coma Data Bank: intracranial pressure monitoring methodology
Authors: Marmarou Anthony , Anderson Randy L. , Ward John D. , Choi Sung C. , Young Harold F. , Eisenberg Howard M. , Foulkes Mary A. , Marshall Lawrence F. , Jane John A.
Published: November 2018

✓ This report describes the methods used by the Traumatic Coma Data Bank (TCDB) for acquisition and recording of intracranial pressure (ICP) data of severely head-injured patients. Direct computerization of physiological data from all four participating locations within the United States and transmission to a central data bank was found to be logistically complex and costly. A simple manual method for recording ICP, blood pressure, and concomitant ICP therapy at the bedside is described. The method documents the temporal course of these variables for the duration of monitoring. The importance of relating ICP to the therapy intensity level used for ICP management is emphasized. Concomitant analysis of the therapy intensity level is considered imperative in correlative patient studies. The methods described in this report have been in use among all four TCDB hospitals.

Examples of ICP data retrieved from the TCDB are presented to illustrate the adequacy of the methods for assessing temporal trends. Of 1030 patients admitted to the TCDB, 654 severely head-injured patients had at least 4 hours of monitoring recorded; elevated ICP (> 20 mm Hg) was observed in 72% of these 654 patients.
A comparison of the gamma knife model C and the Automatic Positioning System with Leksell model B
Authors: Tlachacova Daniela , Schmitt Michal , Novotny Josef , Novotny Josef , Majali Mustafa , Liscak Roman
Published: November 2018

Object. The authors sought to compare the quality of treatment planning, radiation protection, and the time taken for treatment in the Leksell gamma knife model B with that using the model C Automatic Positioning System (APS).

Methods. Data were obtained in 463 patients treated with the B model and 518 patients treated with the C model. Data were analyzed in patients in whom the following diagnoses had been made: vestibular schwannoma, pituitary adenoma, meningioma, solitary metastasis, and other benign and malignant solitary tumors. Patients with arteriovenous malformations, ocular lesions, and functional diagnoses were excluded from this study.

Conclusions. With the C model there was a better conformity for most treated targets, such as vestibular schwannomas (p = 0.005) and meningiomas (p = 0.015). The level of radiation exposures to personnel was significantly decreased when using the model C (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in radiation exposure of extracranial structures for the same number of shots in patients treated by both models. The mean time saved using the C model with the APS was 41 minutes per treatment. It would seem that the gamma knife model C permits better dose conformity, shorter treatment times, and less radiation exposure to personnel.
Late cyst formation following gamma knife surgery of arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Pan Hung-Chuan , Sheehan Jason , Stroila Matei , Steiner Melita , Steiner Ladislau
Published: November 2018

Object. The authors present data concerning the development of cysts following gamma knife surgery (GKS) in 1203 consecutive patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated by the senior author (L.S.). The cyst was defined as a fluid-filled cavity at the site of a treated AVM. Cases involving regions corresponding to previous hematoma cavities were excluded. The incidence of cyst formation was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging studies performed in 196 cases with more than 10 years of follow up, in 332 cases with 5 to 10 years of follow up, and in 675 cases with less than 5 years of follow up. One hundred five cases were lost to follow-up study. The Cox regression method was used to analyze the factors related to cyst formation.

Methods. The incidence of cyst formation in the entire patient population was 1.6 and 3.6% in those undergoing follow-up examination for more than 5 years. Ten of 20 cysts developed between 10 to 23 years, nine between 5 to 10 years, and one in less than 5 years following the treatment. Cyst fluid aspiration, cystoperitoneal shunt placement, or craniotomy were used in three symptomatic cases. Analysis of age, sex, and treatment parameters yielded no significant relationship with cyst formation; however, radiation-induced tissue change following GKS (p = 0.027) and prior embolization (p = 0.011) were related to cyst formation.

Conclusions. Overall, the incidence of cyst formation in patients who underwent GKS for AVM was 1.6%. The development of the cyst was related to the duration of the follow-up period. When cysts are symptomatic, surgical intervention should be performed.
Cyst formation following gamma knife surgery for intracranial meningioma
Authors: Shuto Takashi , Inomori Shigeo , Fujino Hideyo , Nagano Hisato , Hasegawa Naoki , Kakuta Yukio
Published: November 2018

Object. The authors conducted a study to evaluate the clinical significance of cyst formation or enlargement after gamma knife surgery (GKS) for intracranial benign meningiomas.

Methods. The medical records of 160 patients with 184 tumors were examined for those with follow-up data of more than 2 years among 270 patients who underwent GKS for intracranial meningiomas between February 1992 and November 2001.

Cyst formation or enlargement following GKS was observed in five patients, one man and four women (mean age 61.2 years). The tumor location was the sphenoid ridge in one case, petroclival in two, tentorium in one, and parasagittal region in one. All patients underwent surgery before GKS. The mean tumor volume was 10.5 cm3, the mean margin dose was 13.4 Gy (median 14 Gy), and the mean maximum dose was 27.5 Gy (median 24.1 Gy). At the time of GKS three tumors were associated with cyst, of which two enlarged after radiosurgery. Three cysts developed de novo after GKS. Three of the five patients needed surgery to treat the cyst formation or enlargement. Histological examination demonstrated various findings such as tumor necrosis, proliferation of small vessels, vascular obliteration, and hemosiderin deposits.

Conclusions. New cyst formation following GKS for benign intracranial meningioma is relatively rare; however, both preexisting and newly developed cysts tend to enlarge after GKS and often require surgery.
Gamma knife surgery for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Hayashi Motohiro , Chernov Mikhail , Usukura Masao , Abe Kayoko , Ono Yuko , Izawa Masahiro , Hori Sadao , Hori Tomokatsu , Takakura Kintomo
Published: November 2018

The authors conducted a study to determine a way of overcoming the poor-quality demonstration of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies.

The poor MR imaging demonstration of CNV in patients with AMD makes the use of gamma knife surgery more difficult. This difficulty, however, can be overcome by use of a modified time-of-flight MR imaging sequence with Gd enhancement and coronal reconstruction.
An investigation of eye lens dose of stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia using Leksell Gamma Knife model C
Authors: Liang Cheng-Loong , Ho Meng-Wei , Lu Kang , Tsai Yu-Duan , Liliang Po-Chou , Wang Kuo-Wei , Chen Han-Jung
Published: November 2018

Object

The authors conducted a study to assess the eye lens dosimetry in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) treatment when using the Leksell Gamma Knife model C.

Methods

Phantom studies were used to measure the maximal dose reaching the eye lens with and without eye shielding. Six consecutive patients with TN were evaluated for Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). The maximum prescribed dose of 80 Gy was delivered with a single shot using the 4-mm collimator helmet. High-sensitivity thermoluminescence dosimeter chips (TLDCs) were used to measure the dosimetry.

In vitro, the Leksell GammaPlan (LGP) system predicted the mean maximal doses of 1.08 ± 0.08 and 0.15 ± 0.01 Gy (mean ± standard deviation) to the lens ipsilateral to the treated trigeminal nerve without and with eye shielding, respectively. The TLDCs-measured dosimetry indicated the mean maximal doses of 1.12 ± 0.09 and 0.17 ± 0.01 Gy without and with eye shielding, respectively. The maximal doses to the lens contralateral to the nerve were similar.

In vivo, the LGP predicted the mean maximal doses to the lens ipsilateral to the treated nerve as 1.1 ± 0.07 and 0.16 ± 0.02 Gy, respectively, without and with eye shielding. The dosimetry measured by TLDCs indicated the mean maximal dose to the lens ipsilateral to the treated nerve as 0.17 ± 0.02 Gy with eye shielding. The mean maximal doses to the lens contralateral to the nerve were similar. Using the 110 and 125˚ gamma angles, the LGP predicted the mean maximal doses of 0.32 ± 0.04 and 0.12 ± 0.04 Gy to the lens without and with eye shielding, respectively.

Conclusions

Patients with TN undergoing GKS without eye shielding may develop cataracts due to the high radiation dose to the eye lenses. The authors suggest the routine use of bilateral eye shielding for the patients.
Effects of gamma ray irradiation on energy metabolism in the rat brain: a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Tokumaru Osamu , Kitano Takaaki , Takei Hidehiro , Ogata Kazue , Kawazato Hiroaki , Yasuda Aiko , Nisimaru Naoko , Yokoi Isao
Published: November 2018

Object

Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is performed to treat patients with functional neurological diseases, but the neurophysiological mechanisms of GKS's biological effects with subnecrotic doses remain largely undefined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on energy metabolism in the rat brain by using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMRS).

Methods

The whole brains of Wistar rats were irradiated with a subnecrotic (60-Gy) dose of radiation. One week after the irradiation, brain slices (400 μm thick) were incubated in standard artificial cerebrospinal fluid to undergo 31P-NMRS investigation. Changes in high-energy phosphate, phosphocreatine (PCr), and γ-ATP, as well as inorganic phosphate levels before, during, and after ischemic stress for 64 minutes were measured. Histological findings were also evaluated using light and electron microscopy.

The decrease in the PCr level was significantly slower during ischemia and recovery after reperfusion was significantly faster and greater in the gamma-irradiated rats than in the control animals. The γ-ATP level after ischemia was also higher in the gamma-irradiated rats than in the controls. Neither neuronal damage nor astrocytosis was observed in the irradiated cerebral cortices.

Conclusions

Gamma irradiation with a subnecrotic dose may have neuroprotective effects that maintain a more stable cellular phosphorylation potential after ischemic stress. Such effects of GKS on energy metabolism coupled with neurotransmission (glutamate–glutamine cycling between neurons and astrocytes) may play a role in the treatment of neurological disease.
Effects of Gamma Knife surgery on C6 glioma in combination with adenoviral p53 in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Xu Desheng , Jia Qiang , Li Yanhe , Kang Chunsheng , Pu Peiyu
Published: November 2018

Object

The authors sought to study the combined potential of wild-type p53 gene transfer and Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for the treatment of glioblastomas multiforme. Modification of the radiation response in C6 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo by the wild-type p53 gene was investigated.

Methods

Stable expression of wild-type p53 in C6 cells was achieved by transduction of the cells with adenoviral p53. Two days later, some cells were treated with GKS. Forty-eight hours after irradiation, the comparative survival rate was assessed by monotetrazolium (MTT) assays. Treated and control C6 glioma cells (4 × 103 per well) were plated into a 96-well plate in octuplicate and tested every 24 hours. Meanwhile, immunohistopathological examination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase—mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (TUNEL) assays were performed. The MTT assays indicated the p53, GKS, and combined treated cells proliferated at a significantly lower rate than those of the control group (p < 0.01, Days 2–6) and the positive fraction of PCNA in p53-treated group and GKS-treated group was 70.18 ± 3.61 and 50.71 ± 2.61, respectively, whereas the percentage in the combined group was 30.68 ± 1.49 (p < 0.01).

Fifty-six male Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized and inoculated with 106 cultured C6 glioma cells into the cerebrum. Forty-eight hours after transduction with adenoviral p53, some rats underwent GKS. A margin dose of 15 Gy was delivered to the 50% isodose line. Two days later, six rats in each group were killed. Their brains were removed and paraffin-embedded section were prepared for immunohistopathological examination and TUNEL assays. The remaining rats were observed for the duration of the survival period. The survival curve indicated that a modest but significant enhancement of survival duration was seen in the p53-treated or GKS alone groups, whereas a more marked and highly significant enhancement of survival duration was achieved when these two treatment modalities were combined. When PCNA expression was downregulated, apoptotic cells become obvious after TUNEL staining.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that p53-based gene therapy in combination with GKS may be superior to single-modality treatment of C6 glioma.
Treatment of arteriovenous malformations with linear accelerator–based radiosurgery compared with Gamma Knife surgery
Authors: Orio Peter , Stelzer Keith J. , Goodkin Robert , Douglas James G.
Published: November 2018

Object

The authors sought to compare the outcomes of patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated by Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) with those of patients treated by linear accelerator–based (LINAC) radiosurgery.

Methods

One hundred and eighty-seven patients with AVMs were treated at our institution between 1992 and 2003. Ninety-one patients were treated with GKS and 96 patients were treated with LINAC radiosurgery. Patient and treatment characteristics in the two groups included the following. In the LINAC group, the median age was 33 years (range 9–66 years); the median dose was 16 Gy (70% isodose line); the median treated AVM volume was 5.5 cm3; and 46% of patients in this group were treated after hemorrhage. In the GKS group, the median age was 38 years (range 6–63 years); the median dose was 20 Gy (50% isodose line); the median treated AVM volume was 4.3 cm3; and 44% of patients in this group were treated after hemorrhage. Obliteration of AVMs was determined by performing computed tomography (CT) angiography and/or magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and angiography. Patient follow-up evaluation included obtaining an MR angiogram/MR image or CT angiogram at 6 months, at 1 year, and then annually thereafter. Angiography was performed to confirm obliteration when MR angiography and/or CT angiography no longer revealed evidence of an AVM.

The 5-year estimated AVM obliteration rate was 66% in the entire patient group; the LINAC group was 60%; the GKS group was 72%; this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.97). Twelve patients who underwent treatment with LINAC radiosurgery underwent retreatment with GKS and one was retreated with LINAC radiosurgery. The obliteration rate was 82%. Six patients treated with GKS were retreated with GKS, but the follow-up time is of short duration. Chronic toxicity occurred in 8% of both the GKS and the LINAC groups (p = 0.61). Posttreatment hemorrhage during the time of risk before AVM obliteration was 13% in the GKS group and 6.2% in the LINAC group (p = 0.05).

Conclusions

Treatment of patients with AVMs by using LINAC radiosurgery and GKS treatment produces high obliteration rates with acceptable long-term radiation toxicity in the patients treated.
Gamma Knife surgery targeting the resection cavity of brain metastasis that has progressed after whole-brain radiotherapy
Authors: Kim Paul K. , Ellis Thomas L. , Stieber Volker W. , McMullen Kevin P. , Shaw Edward G. , McCoy Thomas P. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Bourland J. Daniel , deGuzman Allan F. , Ekstrand Kenneth E. , Raber Michael R. , Tatter Stephen B.
Published: November 2018

Object

Salvage treatment of large, symptomatic brain metastases after failure of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) remains challenging. When these lesions require resection, there are few options to lower expected rates of local recurrence at the resection cavity margin. The authors describe their experience in using Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) to target the resection cavity in patients whose tumors had progressed after WBRT.

Methods

The authors retrospectively identified 143 patients in whom GKS had been used to target a brain metastasis resection cavity between 2000 and 2005. Seventy-nine of these patients had undergone WBRT prior to resection and GKS. The median patient age was 53 years, and the median prescribed dose was 18 Gy (range 8–24 Gy), with resection cavities of relatively larger volume (> 15 cm3). The GKS dose was prescribed at the 40 to 95% isodose contour (mode 50%).

Local recurrence within 1 cm of the treatment volume occurred in four (5.1%) of 79 cases. The median duration of time to local recurrence was 6.1 months (range 2–13 months). The median duration of time to occurrence of distant metastases following GKS of the resection cavity was 10.8 months (range 2–86 months). Carcinomatous meningitis developed in four (5.1%) of 79 cases. Symptomatic radionecrosis requiring surgical treatment occurred in three (3.8%) of 79 cases. The median duration of survival following GKS of the resection cavity was 69.6 weeks. The median 2- and 5-year survival rates were 20.2 and 6.3%, respectively.

Conclusions

When metastases progress after WBRT and require resection, GKS targeting the resection cavity is a viable strategy. In 75 (94.9%) of 79 cases, GKS of the resection cavity in patients in whom WBRT had failed appears to have achieved its goal of local disease control.
Volumetric follow up of brain metastases: a useful method to evaluate treatment outcome and predict survival after Gamma Knife surgery?
Authors: Feigl Guenther Christian , Horstmann Gerhard A.
Published: November 2018

Object

Brain metastases are diagnosed in 20 to 40% of all cancer patients and are associated with a considerable drop in life expectancy and often also in quality of life for these patients. Several treatment options are available including surgery, chemotherapy, whole-brain radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). However, management of brain metastases still presents a challenge and there is no general consensus on the best treatment strategy. The aim of the authors' study was to further evaluate the efficacy of GKS in the treatment of brain metastases and to evaluate the predictive value of volumetric tumor follow-up measurement.

Methods

Consecutive patients with controlled systemic cancer and variable numbers of brain metastases were included in this prospective study. Patients with severe symptoms of brain compression underwent surgery before GKS. Each follow-up examination included a thorough neurological examination and a neuroradiological quantitative volumetric tumor analysis.

A total of 300 consecutive patients (mean age 58 years) with 703 brain metastases were treated between December 1998 and October 2005. The mean total tumor volume (TTV) was 2.1 cm3. The overall local tumor control rate was 84.5%. In 79% of all treated metastases a mean TTV reduction of 84.7% was achieved using a mean prescription dose of 21.8 Gy. Only few, mostly mild, side effects were observed during the mean follow-up period of 12.7 months. The overall mean progression-free survival period was 9.4 months. There was a statistically significant difference in survival of patients with one compared with multiple metastases, regardless of the histological type and preceding treatment.

Conclusions

Gamma Knife surgery is a safe and effective treatment for patients with brain metastases regardless of the history of treatment and histological tumor type. It achieves excellent tumor control, significant TTV reduction without causing severe side effects, and accordingly, preserves quality of live. Volume changes after GKS did not serve as a predictor for treatment outcome and survival.
Mallarmé, Valéry et le silence (dés)incarné
Authors: Opiela-Mrozik Anna
Published: November 2018

This article analyses the essence and roles of silence in the œuvres of Mallarmé and Valéry. The Mallarmé’s musicality gradually gives way to the silent music of words; poetry is becoming spatial and takes the form of the music score. In the poem Coup de dés it gets up to the incarnation of silence which shows the ideal of the Mallarmé’s musicality; the ideal in which an eye serves to listen. The theme of music and silence reappears in the Valery’s œuvre. In spite of the connection between music and architecture, which can incarnate silence, poetry uses the subjectivism of music and the ambiguity of silence to achieve the ideal of pure art which is hidden in the artist’s interior. Silence as nothingness is the starting point for poetry whereas non-incarnated silence can express the mystical sense of poetry.
Silentiaires fin-de-siècle : émergence et épuisement d’un motif poétique
Authors: Piantoni Antoine
Published: November 2018

The parallel urge of introspection and meditation which comes with the evocation of silence acts as landmark for a whole current of fin de siecle literature. The symbolist era gives the impression that its actors were obsessedwith silence. Symbolist poetry took possession of silence as a way to encapsulate the ineffability of feelings and the various states of mind it explored, leaning towards an aesthetical mysticism. Yet that tendency soon turned into a form of cliché that opened a path towards parody, silence becoming a stigma of the ideological shortcomings of symbolism in the eye of its detractors. The attempt to seize the silence led to a harsh confrontation with void.
Le silence comme signe (in)visible du mal dans l’œuvre romanesque de Georges Bernanos
Authors: Roux-Troyes Alexandra
Published: November 2018

From "Sous le Soleil de Satan" to "Monsieur Ouine", Bernanos’ novels are characterized by the emergence of ‘supernatural silence(s)’ (Bernanos 2015 : 679), which can prove to be disturbing. The brutal sign of evil’s appeance in the narrative limits in most cases the character to silence, to verbal incapacity. Indeed, evil has the strength to hold thought and speech in check. That is the reason why the characters that are racked by evil make good use of language so that they don’t say anything genuine nor honest. Bernanos’ writing succeds in defining these silences thanks to numerous ellipsis as well as things that remain unmentioned, embarrased silences, thus emphasizing the presence of the supernatural. Punctuation in particular takes an important part in creating breaks, switchovers within sentences as well as in the narrative. These silences show off an experience that cannot be told. As a consequence, a true rhetoric of what is unspeakable is at stake in Bernanos’ novels. The use of adjectives made up with privative prefixes, indefinite pronouns, rough phrases and other figures of what is unspoken, contribute to explaining evil’s unbelievable experience.
Les Mots : les échos du silence dans l’autobiographie de Jean-Paul Sartre
Authors: Quintiliano Deise
Published: November 2018

The sartrean autobiographical text The Words may be read as a testament that paradoxically establishes the silence through the excessive word. Sartre says when he does not utter, silences when he speaks and, through the dialectal articulation that he establishes between uttering and silencing, offers us a truly original autobiographical form.
Passerelles. Dialogues d’écrivains autour du silence
Authors: Courtieu Marc
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the question of the relationship between silence and language among writers. It centers around two themes: first, the place of silence in human relations; second, the silence of the world, or, on the contrary, the voices that spring up from it. This article has a lot of writers debate upon these themes, some being rather perceptive to the positive qualities of the silence of the world and/or of their fellow men, others rather gloomy when seeing theim possibility of hearing the world, or of having more genuine relations with others.
Statistical Analysis of the Performance of a Big and Open Economy: The Case of the U.S.
Authors: Zhuravliov O. V. , Simachova О. М.
Published: November 2018

The US economy is one of the richest and most diversified economies in the world and keeps its leadership in the global economy for the past 100 years. The United States is a global leader in computer technology, pharmaceuticals and the manufacture of medical, aerospace and military equipment. And although services make up about 80% of GDP, the US remains the second largest producer of industrial goods in the world and is a leader in research and development.

President Donald Trump was elected in November 2016, promising a big gap with his predecessor’s regulatory, tax and trade policies. Therefore, the current socio-economic status of the USA and the possible ways of its development in the future are interesting for studying the impact on other economies, in particular, on the Ukrainian economy and the search for new and optimal ways of developing relations between the United States and Ukraine.

Key macroeconomic indicators of the US economy in 2011–2018 are analyzed, demonstrating the influence of Donald Tramp’s new policy on changes in the indicators of the economy, the labor market, trade, etc., as well as possible ways of development in the coming years. The review of key macroeconomic indicators gives grounds for classifying the American economy as healthy one. Rates of GDP growth will remain in the range of 2 to 3%. These rates of growth in the world’s largest economy are callable to ensure a substantial increase in the global activity. But uncertainties in the politics may hinder global growth and have clearly negative impact on the investment growth in developed and developing economies.
Primary Accounting of Non-Current Assets Held for Sale
Authors: Shygun M. М. , Mychak N.O.
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the documentary support for operations with non-current assets held for sale. The importance of the study is determined by the fact that in the Ukrainian business accounting and recording practice, information about economic transactions with non-current assets held for sale is recorded in the forms approved for fixed and intangible assets that do not reflect all the aspects of accounting for non-current assets held for sale, which is inappropriate because it does not allow for their rational management and control. Despite the judiciousness of studies on recording of transactions with non-current assets, recording of transactions with non-current assets held for sale needs further studies because it is not sufficiently developed nowadays.

Absence of special documentary support for accounting of non-current assets held for sale is emphasized. The article’s aim is to develop recommendations for improving the documentary support for transactions with non-current assets held for sale taking into account the economic substance and legal specifics of such transactions.

The authors propose a form of the Act on reclassification of non-current assets into non-current assets held for sale, which can provides a substantiated documentary confirmation of the execution of such transactions. This form takes into consideration all the necessary information about recognition of an asset as one held for sale.

The authors’ recommendations are given. In order to improve the recording of transactions with non-current assets held for sale, the primary documents should be issued not only at the moment of such assets reclassification, but also prior to their reclassification from non-current assets into non-current assets held for sale, and in the period of holding them for sale till the moment of transfer to the buyers.
Registration and Blocking of Tax Bill / Calculation of Adjustments: New Rules for Business and Fiscal Officers
Authors: Yurchenko O. А. , Svyryda О. А.
Published: November 2018

Implementation of the system for administering value added tax for the domestic business sector was an IMF requirement. However, its applications by business entities could not eliminate “tax heavens”, barter deals and purchase (sale) of doubtful tax credit. It was in 1 July 2017 that the system for computerized monitoring of the conformity of tax bills (TB) / calculation of adjustment (CA) to the risk assessment criteria sufficient to stop registration of such TB / CA in the Single Register of Tax Bills was launched. The article’s objective is to form the authors’ vision of the essence of the problem related with registration and blocking of TB and CA in the Single Register of Tax Bills. 
The following aspects are covered by the analysis: the nomenclature of indicators checked in TB / CA deciphered upon coming to the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine; the types of receipts on the results of computerized check, intended for VAT payers; the detailed list of criteria for exclusion of TB / CA from the monitoring by the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine (once these criteria are not met, TB / CA is to become subject to monitoring and check for the riskiness of taxpayer and its operations, i. e. the criteria of fictitious business); the indicators of the positive story of a taxpayer. The issues of identifying the taxpayer risks that can be subject to scrutiny by the State Fiscal Service are highlighted. The criteria determining the positive tax story of a taxpayer are given.
It is concluded that all the TB and CA submitted for registration in the Single Register of Tax Bills are to be checked for the conformity to three legally defined essential criteria; once TB / CA does not meet these criteria, they will be subject to monitoring and check for conformity with the criteria of riskiness of taxpayer and operations and the indicators of positive taxpayer story. The positive taxpayer story can rescue a VAT payer from blocking of its TB / CA that meet the riskiness of operation criterion. But once a taxpayer gets on the list of risky business entities, registration of its TB / CA will always be blocked.
Assessment of the Risks of the Continuity, Related with Business Environment of a Business Entity
Authors: Selishchev S. V.
Published: November 2018

The article contains research and further development of approaches to the assessment of the risks of continuity of business-related business activities of an entity. Particular attention is devoted to the assessment of the size of audit risk for groups of events or conditions that, individually or collectively, can potentially challenge the ability to assume continuity of activities.

The peculiarities of the business environment and the accounting system of business entities impose a certain imprint on the methodology of carrying out the audit procedures for assessing the risk of material distortion of financial data in accounting, in terms of determining the correct application of the principle of continuity by management personnel. Thus, it should be noted that enough attention should be paid to the auditor’s actions in obtaining an understanding of the nature and main features of accounting processes related to their presentation in accounting registers and reporting, including the system of internal control, to the extent that is sufficient for identification and evaluation risks of termination of activities caused by management policies, fraud or mistake.

Actuality in this sense is being acquired by research aimed at further development and adaptation of the general scientific approaches, elucidated in the works of domestic and foreign scientists to assess the risks of continuity of the enterprise related to the business environment of the entity.

The purpose of the article is to study and further develop approaches to the assessment of the risks of continuity of business-related business environment of the entity.

Taking into account the results of the conducted research of the application of the standard method of assessment of audit risk, it was concluded that differentiation of the influence of the factors of changes in the level of audit risk is made. When conducting audit procedures to determine the level of risk of unreasonable use of the assumption of continuity of activities in the preparation of financial statements by management personnel, use standard procedures for the allocation of accounting areas that are subject to an increased level of audit risk and developed recommendations for improving the distribution of components of audit risk according to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may result in the termination of the entity's activities.
M. Rudenko versus K. Marx: the Ukrainian Exposure of the Senselessness of the Economic Component of Marxism
Authors: Shevchuk V. O.
Published: November 2018

Evidences denying the argument about humanistic stances of K. Marx are given, and the falseness of the economic component of Marxism and its ideological system as a whole are shown. It is demonstrated that the knowledge enabling the denial of the Marxist verdict to “reactionary classes” and “reactionary nations” takes the roots in the Ukrainian academic community. The essential points of the critique of Marx’s “Capital” by Ukrainian scientist M. Rudenko are given. According to M. Rudenko, Marxist “achievements”, if looked at closely, turn to be but dissected theses of English political economy. The falseness of Marx’s doctrines is in making absolute what is in fact relative. From the A. Smith’s theory he extracts but two elements: the labor, made absolute and put above the nature, with the invented “social substance” as the source for additional value, and the clear-cut break of the society into classes.

Rudenko, as a representative of the academic school of physical economy, offers his own conceptual model of capital by breaking it into absolute and relative one, and showing that the latter derives only from the former. He demonstrates that capital is a value capable of generating an additional value. The categories of capital that he shows can, accordingly, generate an absolute additional value and a relative additional value. In this way, a radically distinct concept of capital and capitalism appears. 

It is stressed that the European physiocracy, the Ukrainian academic school of physical economy and the modern physics-economics thought constitutes the fundamental part of the economic knowledge base of the humanity, whereas the political economy (with the Marxist economic component included) has derivative or secondary role.
De las buenas familias del valle de Toluca: los Villanueva. Un ejemplo de la vinculación de la propiedad a través de la institución del Mayorazgo, siglos XVII-XIX
Authors: Barrera Gutiérrez Florencio
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se examina el proceso del vínculo de una familia y sus propiedades a través de la institución del mayorazgo, desde el siglo XVII hasta la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Se percibirá entonces la trayectoria de una propiedad familiar, de miembros de la naciente elite novohispana, que a lo largo de varias generaciones logran edificar, conservar y aumentar un conjunto de bienes, principalmente agrícolas, en los pueblos de Otzolotepec, Jilotzingo, Mimiapan y Xonacatlán, ubicados en el valle de Toluca. El mayorazgo de Villanueva, cuyo apellido familiar dio nombre, no fue excesivamente productivo, sino que correspondía a una familia de la nobleza que, con esfuerzo y dedicada labor, y aun con problemas a su alrededor, perpetuó en muchos sentidos. Así estuvo presente hasta la tercera década del siglo XIX. Durante poco más de doscientos treinta años, se sucedieron, al frente de los destinos del mayorazgo once personajes.
La carne es débil y la ley reprime sus impulsos: sodomitas descubiertos en la real cárcel de Guadalajara
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Betania
Published: November 2018

En esta investigación se estudian tres casos de sodomía que ocurrieron en la ciudad de Guadalajara en los primeros años del siglo XIX. La lectura de los expedientes permitió un acercamiento al discurso moralista y legal que estuvo presente en la sociedad virreinal sobre este tipo de conductas. El desarrollo que tuvieron estos tres procesos sumarios da cuenta que el espacio donde ocurrieron dos de ellos, la cárcel –un lugar reservado exclusivamente para la custodia e integridad física de los reos– en la práctica resultó ser un sitio que se encontraba distante de lo que debía ser, de acuerdo con lo establecido en la legislación, puesto que en él se cometían, por parte de los reos, infinidad de violaciones a las leyes.
"El nivel más popular de la legislación”. Los bandos del virrey Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa, Ciudad de México, 1771-1779
Authors: Morales Ramírez Mónica Abigail
Published: November 2018

El presente trabajo propone el análisis de los bandos pronunciados durante el periodo del virrey Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa en la Ciudad de México. Desde el origen de la palabra bando hasta la función social del documento como fuente histórica. Los impresos de este tipo reflejan en gran medida las actividades cotidianas de la época. También es de interés para este estudio mostrar el grado en que el bando sirvió para la difusión de las leyes, disposiciones y normas características de la Nueva España, empleadas en diversos ámbitos judiciales que buscaron regular la vida social y política.
El discurso contra la vagancia y su difusión a través de los bandos publicados en la Ciudad de México, 1810-1821
Authors: Moreno Ortíz María del Carmen Raquel
Published: November 2018

Los vagabundos fueron considerados como individuos que rompían con las normas de la sociedad y causaban grandes perjuicios. Combatir la vagancia fue, durante el siglo XVIII, parte del intento por reformar a la población capitalina, sin embargo, para el siglo XIX el proyecto tuvo que modificarse tras estallar la Guerra de Independencia. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo principal rastrear el discurso que circuló contra los vagabundos a través de los bandos de la Ciudad de México durante la década insurgente.
Technological reliability of chemical engineering systems
Authors: Prokhorenko N. N. , Goncharuk K. O.
Published: November 2018

A significant part of the gross domestic product is lost because of hitches followed by long downtime periods in industrial systems. This is a common problem in the industry of developed nations. Analysis of causes of this phenomenon allows developing a conception of solving this problem and suggesting a method of studying the reliability (working capacity) of chemical-engineering systems (CES). In this article we prove the need for technological reliability analysis tools in prefeasibility study to estimate the potential working capacity of the technology and to avoid the large costs of starts and stops.
Perspective nickel-oxide cathodes technologies for centimetric range microwave devices
Authors: Ledentsova N. E. , Li I. P. , Petrov V. S. , Kapustin V. I.
Published: November 2018

Three technologies of nickel-oxide cathodes based on nickel powder and on barium-calciumstrontium triple carbonate powder for microwave ovens of the centimetric wave length range devices are suggested. The optimum fraction of nickel powder for the production of cathodes is 45-71 microns. The optimum content of the triple carbonate is 10%. The optimum pressure of pressing is 7 t/cm2. The optimum temperature of agglomeration is 1100°C for 10 min. The quality improvement and yield of suitable cathodes are provided by the use of agglomerates of nickel and triple carbonates. The agglomerates contain nickel particles of the 10-25 microns fraction coated with the triple carbonate containing 50% of the carbonate and baked in dried hydrogen at 1000°C for 10 min. The formation of the cathode is carried out by mixing and agglomerating the 45-63 microns fraction and the nickel 45-71 microns fraction with the carbonates concentration 10%. In order to improve the cathodes quality it is expedient to anneal the agglomerates after their production in carbon dioxide at 200-300°C with a final purge by nitrogen at 1000°C for 10 minutes. The use of agglomerates based on nickel and the triple carbonate for the production of oxide-nickel cathodes provides more uniform distribution of the emission-active agent in the volume and on the surface of the cathodes.
MITHT DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1941- 1945). THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR
Authors: Yakovleva G. N. , Bogatikov B. F.
Published: November 2018

The article is dedicated to the memorable tragic date - to the 75th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 and to the activity of the Lomonosov Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology in 1941-1942: mobilization, evacuation, renewal of the educational and scientific activity in the conditions of the martial law.
DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF IMPURITIES IN TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL BY NMR AND HPLC-MS/MS OF HIGH RESOLUTION
Authors: Usachev M. N. , Efimova Yu. A. , Zaitsev N. K.
Published: November 2018

The process of natural gas drying leads to accumulation of unstudied organic impurities in the used absorbent solutions. These impurities reduce the drying capacity of triethylene glycol. In order to increase the effectiveness of installations for drying natural gas it is necessary to purify triethylene glycol from the accumulated impurities. The absence of information on the structure and properties of these impurities considerably complicates the purification of the absorbent solutions. In this study the structures of impurities accumulated in triethylene glycol were determined by NMR and high resolution mass-spectrometry coupled with chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS). The obtained results will enable to improve the existing methods for the purification of the working solutions of the absorbent.
TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NANODISPERSIONS BASED ON DER-330 EPOXY RESIN AND BS-50 FUMED SILICA
Authors: Pykhtin A. A. , Simonov-Emelyanov I. D.
Published: November 2018

The influence of silica dioxide nanoparticles in the form of fumed silica BS-50 on the rheological properties, residual shrinkage and shrinkage stresses upon curing an epoxy resin is considered. It is shown that the introduction of BS-50 in the optimum concentration of nanoparticles into DER-330 epoxy resin results in agglomeration, which is accompanied by an abnormal behavior of the disperse system with a decrease in viscosity by ~ 25%, ultimate shrinkage by ~ 15% and the level of residual stresses by a factor of ~ 4-10. These properties are manifested when the concentration of fumed silica is 0.05 vol. % The introduction of fumed silica slows the rise of residual stresses and increases the induction period from 2 to 4 hours. Depending on the mode of curing the minimum residual stress is observed at different concentrations of BS-50. At temperatures of 30ºC and 50°C concentration was 0.5 vol. %, and at 70°C - 0.05 vol. %. Curing at 30°C and 50°C result in a fall of residual stress by a factor of 12 and 4, respectively, at 70°C, by a factor of 4.
Sog-Effekte durch Arbeitslosigkeit
Authors: Ganßmann Heiner
Published: November 2018

Der Trend zu verschärfter sozialer Marginalisierung in der Bundesrepublik, der hauptsächlich durch die andauernde Massenarbeitslosigkeit, nicht zuletzt aber auch durch die Form ihrer sozialstaatlichen Regulierung bedingt ist, kann wohl nur durch organisierte Solidarität zwischen Arbeitslos.en und Beschäftigten gebrochen werden. Untersucht wird, ob Solidarität durch ein strategisches Interesse auch der Beschäftigten an Vollbeschäftigung begründetwerden kann: Ein solches Interesse besteht dann, wenn die von der Arbeitslosigkeit ausgehenden SogEffekte die soziale und ökonomische Lage der Nicht-Arbeitslosen mehr beeinträchtigen als die zu erwartenden Belastungen durch Vollbeschäftigungspolitik.
Arbeitslosigkeit in Ungarn
Authors: Ferge Zsuzsa
Published: November 2018

Nach einer Phase der politisch motivierten aber ökonomisch ineffektiven Vollbeschäftigung führten die wirtschaftlichen Veränderungen auch in Ungarn zur Arbeitslosigkeit. Es werden die verschiedenen Formen der Arbeitslosigkeit und die Reaktionen des politischen Systems dargestellt und Möglichkeiten einer Beschäftigungspolitik erörtert.
Grenzen der Regulierung
Authors: Lüken-Klaßen Mathilde , Betz Karl
Published: November 2018

Herr/Westphal erwecken in ihrem Aufsatz den Eindruck, als sei der Zwang zur außenwirtschaftlichen Absicherung das Resultat mangelnder institutioneller Regulierung. Das - komprimierte - Argument lautet: Kapitalbewegungen verursachen Devisenabflüsse bei der Zentralbank. Da deren Devisenreserven beschränkt sind, muß sie verhindern, daß der Kapitalexport ein zu hohes Volumen annimmt. Das kann sie aber nur, indem sie die Zinsen erhöht. Zinserhöhung aber bedeutet restriktive Geldpolitik, Senkung der Investitionen und damit der Beschäftigung. Die Beschäftigungsziele werden somit dem außenwirtschaftlichen Gleichgewicht geopfert...
Kapitalistischer Weltmarkt und Weltwährungskrise
Authors: Neusüß Christel , Altvater Elmar , Blanke Bernhard
Published: November 2018

Kapitalistischer Weltmarkt und Weltwährungskrise
Kreuzung als Experiment. Beziehungen zwischen Genetik und staatlichem Gesundheitswesen im Nationalsozialismus
Authors: Czarnowski Gabriele
Published: November 2018

Dieser Beitrag thematisiert das Verhältnis von wissenschaftlicher Rationalität und staatlicher Bürokratie in der Geburten- und Rassenpolitik des Nationalsozialismus. Unter Berufung auf Wissenschaft erließ der nationalsozialistische Staat Gesetze, die massive Eingriffe in die Freiheit und Unverletzbarkeitder Person beinhalteten, zugleich errichtete er den dafür notwendigen Verwaltungsapparat. Die gesundheitliche, eugenische und rassistische Selektion war nur möglich durch die Allianz von Wissenschaft und Politik. Diese Allianz soll im folgenden nicht als Frage nach Bündnissen zwischen Personen behandelt werden, sondern am Aufweis struktureller Analogien zwischen genetischer Forschung, staatlicher Bürokratie und Praxis der Selektion. Damit reicht sie - wenn auch unter anderen Bedingungen - über die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus hinaus. Focus ist das die moderne Vererbungstheorie konstituierende Experiment der »Kreuzung«.
Editorial: Das politische Problem der Generationen
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: November 2018

Editorial: Das politische Problem der Generationen
Die neuen Gesichter der Jugend
Authors: Paris Rainer
Published: November 2018

Die Grundthese ist, daß die biographische Selbstverortung heutiger Jugendlicher wesentlich auf einschneidende Veränderungen dreier Relevanzsysteme reagiert: ( 1) die nach wie vor kaum prognostizierbaren Wandlungen und Risiken des Beschäftigungssystems, (2) die zerfallenden Strukturen traditioneller Familien- und Paarbeziehungen und (3) die ständige Verschiebung symbolischer Artikulationsfronten sowohl in der dominanten Kultur der Erwachsenen als auch zwischen den Subkulturen der Jugendlichen. Als Trend schält sich heraus, daß die Kumulationen der Ungewißheit einerseits pragmatische und »konventionelle« Orientierungen begünstigen und daß andererseits auch bei skeptisch-oppositionellen Jugendlichen die Kontrastfolie vorangegangener Protestgenerationen den Nimbus der Radikalität verblassen läßt.
A SURVEY OF PLANTS USED IN BASKET AND CORDAGE INDUSTRY BY THE TRIBALS AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF INDO-NEPAL SUB HIMALAYAN TERAI REGION OF U.P. INDIA
Authors: Dixit Dr Gopal , Vakshasya Shilpa
Published: November 2018

The present manuscript covers different plants used in traditional cottage industry of rurals. In the present study of 15 plants of 8 Angiospermic families were reported after a number of randomly visits of various remote forest and rural areas of district Pilibhit. Plants parts used for making different articles like baskets, ropes, threads, bags, mats etc.were listed accordingly.