bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTERS FROM PIGGERY WASTEWATER IN ANAEROBIC MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR)
Authors: Nguyen Quan Truong , Nguyen Quan Truong , Nguyen Ha Thi
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of Anaerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) on the removal of organic matters (using COD and TSS values) in piggery wastewater using two kinds of carrier: Polyurethane (PU) and Polyethylene (PE) - Different organic loading rates (OLRs) varying from 4 to 10 gCOD/l/day with controlled temperature 37±2oC, pH 7.0-7.5 were investigated. The seeded sludge was collected at the anaerobic tank of the wastewater treatment plant of the Sabeco Beer Manufacturing Plant (Nam Tu Liem district, Hanoi) and grown in the MBBR for 15 days. For porous PU material, the COD and TSS removal efficiencies achieved 69.7 and 67.3% and 54.9 and 65.5% at OLR 4 and 6 gCOD/l/day, respectively.  Whereas for wheel shape PE material, it was found that the COD removal efficiencies were slightly higher with OLR of 6  gCOD/l/day (71%%), even with higher OLR at 10 gCOD/l.day, the COD removal efficiency didn‘t seem to significantly increase (73.3 %). For TSS removal, in comparison between PU and PE, the later found slightly better with the same OLRs of 4 and 6 gCOD/l/day, reaching 63.2 and 67 %, respectively. However, TSS removal efficiencies were found to be higher with PE carrier at higher OLR, reaching 72% at 10 gCOD/l/day.
Byzantine Studies in Volgograd. An Excursion into History and Bibliography
Authors: Barabanov Nikolay , Zolotovskiy Vladimir , Zykova Anastasiya
Published: January 2021

The proposed essay is a publication of bibliographic information about scientific works (dissertations, monographs, collections of scientific articles, periodicals) concerning the Byzantine history and published in Volgograd or with the direct participation of Volgograd researchers. The origin and development of studying the Byzantine history in Volgograd is associated with two higher educational institutions – Volgograd State University and Tsaritsyn Orthodox University of St. Sergius of Radonezh, within the walls of which large and internationally recognized periodicals appeared.
Determinants of fruits, vegetables, and ultra-processed foods consumption among infants
Authors: Passanha Adriana , Benício Maria Helena D’Aquino , Venâncio Sonia Isovama
Published: January 2021

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the influence of individual and contextual determinants on infant’s consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV), and ultra-processed foods (UPF). The data was obtained from the Survey of Prevalence of Breastfeeding in Brazilian Municipalities, 2008. A representative sample of 14,326 infants 6-11.9 months old, from seventy-five municipalities of São Paulo state was evaluated. The influence of determinants on FV and UPF consumption was analyzed using Poisson multilevel regression. Mother’s educational level and maternal age had positive dose-response effect for the consumption of FV (p trend < 0.001) and negative for UPF (p trend < 0.001). Infants of multiparous women and those who received outpatient care in public medical system showed lower prevalence of FV (p < 0.001 for both) and higher prevalence of UPF (respectively, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Moreover, the contextual variable related to population size indicated that the prevalence of consumption of FV decreased (p < 0.001) and UPF increased (p = 0.081) with decreased population size. Therefore, infants born to women with low education levels, who received outpatient care in the public health network, and who reside in small municipalities should be prioritized for educational programs related to feeding practices.
Seven steps for qualitative treatment in health research: the Clinical-Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Faria-Schützer Débora Bicudo de , Surita Fernanda Garanhani , Alves Vera Lucia Pereira , Bastos Rodrigo Almeida , Campos Claudinei Jose Gomes , Turato Egberto Ribeiro
Published: January 2021

Abstract Qualitative Health research procedures that are not always applied, mainly in the analysis phase. Our objective is to present a systematized technique of step-by-step procedures for qualitative content analysis in the health field: Clinical-Qualitative Content Analysis. Our proposal consider that the qualitative research applied to the field of health, can acquire a perspective analogous to clinical practice and aims to interpret meanings expressed in reports through individual interviews or statements. This analysis takes part of the Clinical-Qualitative Method. The literature review was realized through: a book chapter, eight original articles and three methodological articles. The Clinical-qualitative Content Analysis technique comprises seven steps: 1) Editing material for analysis; 2) Floating reading; 3) Construction of the units of analysis; 4) Construction of codes of meaning; 5) General refining of the codes and the Construction of categories; 6) Discussion; 7) Validity. The clinical-qualitative analysis presupposes and involves a critical reflection on the processes carried out at each step. This reflection is an extremely rich process, if carried out collectively and in dialogue with other researchers with some proficiency in qualitative methods.
O silêncio da sexualidade em idosos dependentes
Authors: Soares Konrad Gutterres , Meneghel Stela Nazareth
Published: January 2021

Resumo A sexualidade é um tema silenciado em relação à população idosa que é socialmente percebida como assexuada. Este artigo de abordagem qualitativa faz parte de uma pesquisa sobre idosos dependentes cujo objetivo foi analisar suas vivências em relação à sexualidade. O tema foi obtido a partir de entrevistas com 26 deles, que falaram sobre o sexo em suas vidas. A análise de conteúdo temática identificou duas categorias principais nas falas: diferenças de gênero no trato da sexualidade e dificuldade de falar sobre sexo. Observaram-se diferenças na percepção e valorização da sexualidade, segundo gênero. Homens idosos conferem importância para a potência sexual, e mulheres idosas consideram natural a cessação da vida sexual na velhice. Os idosos do sexo masculino enunciam um conceito de sexualidade pautado na satisfação biológica e no ato sexual, enquanto as mulheres valorizam mais a parceria, o afeto e o carinho. Constatou-se silêncio dos pesquisadores quanto ao tema, embora ele tenha sido colocado no manual de pesquisa para orientar a entrevista com a pessoa idosa. No entanto, embora apenas 26 tenham mencionado o assunto, foi possível constatar que a sexualidade do idoso é modulada pela percepção de gênero e é um tema pouco estudado e de difícil abordagem em cenários de pesquisa e de atenção à saúde.
Percepções de profissionais sobre o agente comunitário de saúde no cuidado ao idoso dependente
Authors: Brasil Christina César Praça , Silva Raimunda Magalhães da , Bezerra Indara Cavalcante , Vieira Luiza Jane Eyre de Souza , Figueiredo Maria do Livramento Fortes , Castro Fernanda Regina Vasconcelos Fernandes , Queiroz Francisca Francisete de Sousa Nunes , Capelo Maria Regina Teixeira Ferreira
Published: January 2021

Resumo O Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) é um elo entre os profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e a comunidade. Objetivou-se analisar as percepções de profissionais da atenção e da gestão em saúde sobre as atribuições do ACS no cuidado ao idoso dependente. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, na perspectiva hermenêutica-dialética, com 38 profissionais que atuavam na saúde do idoso em municípios das cinco regiões do Brasil. Os resultados identificaram o ACS como facilitador do acesso do idoso dependente à rede de atenção em saúde, lacunas na Educação Permanente e um número reduzido desses profissionais para atender a demanda na atenção primária. Os respondentes atribuíram grande importância à atuação do ACS, valorizaram a sua participação na Estratégia Saúde da Família, mas apontaram a deficiência de conhecimento e dificuldades para suprir a quantidade adequada nos serviços de atenção à saúde e na assistência do idoso com dependência e familiares. Conclui-se que os profissionais e gestores da saúde consideram os ACS uma grande força de trabalho e com atuação imprescindível junto ao idoso dependente e seus cuidadores. O número de ACS é insuficiente em relação à ESF e falta capacitação para lidar com os variados tipos de dependência.
Homens e masculinidades e o novo coronavírus: compartilhando questões de gênero na primeira fase da pandemia
Authors: Medrado Benedito , Lyra Jorge , Nascimento Marcos , Beiras Adriano , Corrêa Áurea Christina de Paula , Alvarenga Eric Campos , Lima Maria Lucia Chaves
Published: January 2021

Resumo Este artigo opinião apresenta reflexões sobre masculinidades e construções de gênero - a partir do fenômeno global da pandemia do novo coronavírus -, produzidas por pesquisadores/as que integram a equipe nacional de uma pesquisa sobre política de atenção integral aos homens na saúde, no Brasil. A partir de leituras baseadas em gênero, o artigo argumenta que é preciso atentarmos que a socialização masculina cisheteronormativa se orienta a partir de três eixos: 1) a abjeção às práticas de cuidado de si e dos outros; 2) a rejeição às práticas preventivas em saúde, dada uma distorcida matriz de percepção de risco (e certo sentimento de “invulnerabilidade”); 3) a dinâmica doméstica marcada por posições de comando, ordenamento e honra. Essas dimensões da vida cotidiana foram profundamente provocadas nesta primeira fase da epidemia, em que o confinamento se tornou a alterativa mais recomendável. Esses eixos se configuram como repertórios recorrentes (embora não recentes) que reificam o modelo central de uma ordem masculina que precisa se tornar objeto de reflexão, na medida em que colocam em risco a saúde de homens e mulheres e mais amplamente dos pactos civilizatórios e da ordem social.
Relações econômicas internacionais na América Latina: um estudo sobre as percepções das elites parlamentares
Authors: Santos Manoel Leonardo , Cimini Fernanda , Bohigues Asbel
Published: January 2021

Este artigo analisa as percepções dos parlamentares de 17 países da América Latina sobre relações econômicas e internacionais. A questão central é identificar os determinantes da formação das estruturas de preferências dos parlamentares. O artigo procura identificar quais são os determinantes que influenciam as opções expressas pelo parlamentar, colocando em contraste suas opções por relações políticas e econômicas entre países da região versus suas opções por países de outras regiões e as grandes potências econômicas. A análise está dividida em duas partes. A primeira é comparativa, utilizando estatística descritiva e análise de redes. Com essa análise são comparadas as legislaturas/países no nível agregado. A segunda parte desce ao nível do comportamento individual do parlamentar, buscando estimar, com a aplicação de modelos de regressão linear (OLS), o peso de diferentes preditores para a conformação das suas estruturas de preferências. O artigo conclui que as preferências dos parlamentares são fortemente determinadas por variáveis de contexto (estruturais) e por um alto grau de pragmatismo econômico, mas as ideias políticas continuam tendo alguma relevância. Embora em menor monta, a ideologia e as preferências por economias reguladas pelo Estado também ajudam a entender por que alguns parlamentares defendem mais regionalismo político e econômico que outros.
Doctrina y estructura militar ecuatoriana: de cara o de espaldas a las amenazas del siglo XXI
Authors: Andrade-Vásquez Miguel
Published: January 2021

La orientación realista de la doctrina militar de las Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador ha permanecido invariable a través del tiempo, a pesar del dinámico escenario de amenazas al Estado. El objetivo del artículo es determinar el origen histórico de las raíces realistas en la doctrina de las Fuerzas Armadas y su vinculación con las resistencias a nuevos roles que el Estado y la sociedad exigen en la actualidad, lo cual conlleva la rigidez de la estructura militar frente a amenazas como el narcotráfico y el crimen organizado. La metodología aplicada es la del estudio de caso, mediante el análisis histórico dentro del enfoque del realismo clásico de las teorías de las Relaciones Internacionales. El estudio concluye que el realismo perpetuado en la doctrina militar de las Fuerzas Armadas podría obedecer a una equivocada construcción de la amenaza a enfrentar. A su vez, ello desencadena resistencias internas al cambio de rol que el Estado exige a la institución militar en la actualidad, ante amenazas difusas y no convencionales.
Debilidad institucional y experiencia anticrimen en México
Authors: Aguirre-Ochoa Jerjes , Gómez Mario
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo analiza la relación entre corrupción política y narcotráfico en México, a partir del caso del estado de Michoacán. Se observa que, pese a la continuidad de la violencia, el Estado mexicano ha hecho poco por atender sistemáticamente sus causas estructurales. No se ha mejorado el estado de derecho, ni se han fortalecido las instituciones autónomas del Estado. Los poderes legislativos, en sus niveles locales y federales, continúan experimentando problemas de legitimidad y trasparencia en sus acciones. Asimismo, se han visto pocos avances democráticos en los gobiernos locales. Este artículo plantea la necesidad de mejorar la calidad democrática y la trasparencia de los gobiernos estatales de México y, especialmente, a escala municipal, como condiciones indispensables dentro de una estrategia estructural en contra del crimen organizado en el país.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕМ НА ОСНОВЕ ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫХ СРЕДСТВ ПОДДЕРЖКИ РАСПРЕДЕЛЁННЫХ БАЗ ДАННЫХ
Authors: Баранова Ирина Вячеславовна
Published: January 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы управления предприятием на основе использования интегрированных средств поддержки распределенных баз данных. Исследованы различные структуры информационных систем, в том числе рассмотрены преимущества и недостатки параллельной и распределенной архитектуры системы управления базами данных. Обоснована целесообразность применения на промышленном предприятии при создании интегрированных средств поддержки распределенных баз данных поисковых машин
ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ВНУТРЕННЕЙ ТОРГОВЛИ В РОССИИ КАК ЧАСТИ ПРОЦЕССОВ ОБМЕНА
Authors: Максимова Елена Александровна
Published: January 2021

В статье доказывается причастность внутренней торговли к товарному обмену, классифицируется понятие «торговля», приводится анализ деятельности торговых организаций и предприятий в России, поднимаются внутренние проблемы торговли.
Наказание за создание, распространение или сбыт вредоносных программ или технических средств
Authors: Кирбятьев Олег Александрович
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящения институту наказания и наказанию за создание, распространение или сбыт вредоносных программ или технических средств. В статье рассматриваются дифференциация ответственности и индивидуализация наказания. Анализируются точки зрения ряда ученых относительно видов наказания. Автор на примере приведенной статистики применения наказания в виде лишения свободы к несовершеннолетним, с целью гуманизации ответственности, анализирует и предлагает к применению альтернативные виды наказаний.
Новые условия для расширения присутствия российских энергокомпаний на электроэнергетических рынках арабских стран Западной Азии
Authors: Шарова Анна Юрьевна
Published: January 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с реформированием электроэнергетики в арабских странах Западной Азии. В разной степени изменения затронули все государства региона. В настоящее время спрос на электроэнергию, в основном, удовлетворяется за счет собственного производства. Установлено, что спрос на электроэнергию имеет устойчивую тенденцию к росту, а его покрытие будет осуществляться за счет строительства собственных генерирующих мощностей с привлечением ведущих энергетических компаний мира. Это создает предпосылки для расширения присутствия российских энергокомпаний на электроэнергетических рынках рассматриваемых стран, прежде всего, за счет углубления взаимовыгодной кооперации с ведущими российскими и зарубежными энергетическими компаниями и финансовыми структурами.
Поведение соединений азота и их трансформация в системе почва– подземные воды сельскохозяйственных ландшафтов Западной Сибири
Authors: Soldatova Evgeniya A. , Purgina Dariya V.
Published: January 2021

Цель – рассмотреть особенности миграции и трансформации соединений азота в системе почва–подземные воды на примере сельскохозяйственных ландшафтов Томского района Томской области. Материалы и методы. Исследования проводились на основе результатов химического и микробиологического анализа образцов подземных вод и почв, а также анализа изотопного состава нитрат-иона, растворенного в подземных водах. Химический состав подземных вод и почв определялся методами титриметрии, потенциометрии, пламенной фотометрии, фотоколориметрии, флуориметрии и высокотемпературного-каталитического окисления. Микробиологический анализ образцов подземных вод и почв осуществлялся путем культивирования групп микроорганизмов, принимающих участие в круговороте азота, на питательных средах. Изотопный состав нитрат-иона проанализирован методом бактериальной денитрификации с использованием изотопного масс-спектрометра, соединенного с дополнительным модулем для пробоподготовки следовых газов. Результаты. Обработка полученной геохимической информации с применением аппарата математической статистики позволила выявить процессы, происходящие с соединениями азота в течение сельскохозяйственного сезона и определить их локализацию в системе почва–подземные воды, включая влияние микрофлоры на трансформацию соединений азота. Проведенные исследования также позволили выявить некоторые взаимосвязи между формующейся геохимической обстановкой в водоносном горизонте и процессами, происходящими в почве.
60 лет на службе науке... (посвящается 80-летию д.г.н., проф. В. А. Брылева)
Authors: Dedova Irina S. , Burul Tatyana N. , Dyachenko Nadezhda P.
Published: January 2021

В статье приводятся сведения о научном и творческом пути доктора географических наук, профессора ВГСПУ В. А. Брылева. Анализируется ранний этап его научной деятельности, приводятся данные по научному геоморфологическому и геоэкологическому наследию. Отмечена первостепенная роль В. А. Брылева в формировании Волгоградской научной геоморфологической школы, а также в развитии региональной геоэкологии Нижнего Поволжья.
Gente de bem protesta aos domingos: Uma análise de imagens postadas com a ‘hashtag’ #dia26euvou
Authors: Figueiredo Carolina
Published: January 2021

Após a eleição presidencial de 2014, nota-se uma ampliação da polarização entre direita e esquerda no Brasil. Por estarem relacionados às gestões do presidente Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e da presidenta Dilma Rousseff,  os ideais de esquerda passaram a ser preteridos. O presente artigo analisa a construção de uma narrativa que deslegitima os protestos da esquerda, classificando-os como hostis. Para as finalidades aqui pretendidas, usamos o caso do protesto de 26 de maio de 2019. Seguimos a hashtag #dia26euvou por um período de 24 horas, analisando  imagens que revelam o antagonismo em relação às manifestações de esquerda.
Flows in a Female Penitentiary: Manoeuvring between Absence and Presence of Family Members
Authors: Martino Natália , Ribeiro Ludmila
Published: January 2021

Em Fluxos em cadeias femininas: Manobras entre as ausências e presenças dos familiares, objetivamos compreender os fluxos existentes entre as mulheres presas e seus familiares por meio de pesquisa (quantitativa e qualitativa) realizada em uma penitenciária feminina de Belo Horizonte. A literatura desse campo aponta para uma alta porosidade entre a vida interna e externa às prisões, mas quando se trata de mulheres encarceradas, tais estudos ressaltam seu abandono. Argumentamos que não há abandono, mas reestruturação familiar que, apesar de muitas vezes não permitir visitas frequentes, viabiliza fluxos essenciais para garantir a sobrevivência da detenta — com muitas consequências para suas famílias.
É tudo ‘ganso’? A (in)distinção entre usuários e traficantes de drogas e seus limites na perspectiva dos policiais militares do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Cruz Fernanda Novaes , Costa Perla Alves Bento de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

Ganso é um termo informalmente adotado por membros da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PMERJ) destinado a pessoas que apresentam alguma forma de envolvimento com drogas ilícitas. Neste artigo, analisaremos a adoção do termo para dois grupos distintos, o primeiro composto por indivíduos suspeitos de uso ou tráfico de drogas e o segundo por policiais usuários de drogas. Em ambos os grupos, o ganso representa um estigma, ou seja, um conjunto de comportamentos considerados deteriorados e reprováveis. Entretanto, há diferenças marcantes na gestão desse estigma a partir do grupo a que o termo se designa.
DEVELOPING SOCIO-CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN PHILOLOGY MAJORS THROUGH POETRY READING: APPROACHES AND PRINCIPLES
Authors: Semian Nataliia
Published: January 2021

Background: The need to develop students’ socio-cultural competence is grounded in the socio-cultural framework which places a meaningful emphasis on interpersonal interaction as a significant motivating force of human learning and development. In this theoretical framework, ‘approaches’ and ‘principles’ of teaching foreign languages (FL) are viewed as the two essential methodology concepts affecting both FL learning and building socio-cultural competence. In a regular classroom, the suggestions to enhance socio-cultural competence through reading poetry are voiced. Socio-cultural implications for classroom activities include using specific approaches and principles which help identify a fundamental relationship between language and culture. Teaching a FL through poetry enables students to perceive the nature of the relationship between language and culture.

Purpose: The article aims at selecting approaches to developing students’ socio-cultural competence in reading through poetry works. It presents the definitions, determines principles as well as provides analysis of the approaches in terms of their implementation in FL training. Results: The role played by culture and language in human development is an essential aspect of this research. The findings of the study prove that socio-cultural competence in reading emphasizes the interdependence of social and individual processes in the construction of FL knowledge. As a result of the research, this article shows that the theoretical basis is formed by the following approaches and principles in developing students’ socio-cultural competence in reading through poetry works: competency building, hermeneutic, communicative and country-study approaches. The article gives detailed analysis of each approach. The approaches and principles mentioned provide developing socio-linguistic competence in reading and can be integrated in the process of studying. Discussion: Authentic English poetry provides invaluable information about the life of British society. However, before using authentic poems in the classroom, they should be carefully selected against certain criteria of building socio-cultural competence in reading through poetry as well as pedagogical conditions which provide developing socio-cultural competence. Attention should be paid to motivate students’ interest towards the target culture enabling them to be culturally adequate speakers of English
Description of even-even Ti isotopes within IBM-1 model
Authors: ŞAHİN Yeşim , BOYUKATA Mahmut
Published: January 2021

In this work, the some collective properties of even-even Ti isotopes in the A50 mass region were studied by using the interacting boson model-1 (IBM-1). This study includes calculations of the energy levels and the electromagnetic transition rates of 44-48Ti and 52-60Ti isotopes. The neutron number 50Ti isotope is 28, the magic number, and this isotope was excluded from the IBM-1 calculations. First, the energy ratios were analyzed by comparing the typical values of U(5), SU(3), O(6) dynamical symmetries and E(5), X(5) critical point symmetries. Later model Hamiltonian was constructed according to the behavior of given isotopes. The low lying energy levels of each Ti isotopes were calculated by using the fitted parameters of Hamiltonian. B(E2) values were also calculated by using the corresponding electromagnetic transition operator in the IBM-1. The calculation results were compared with experimental data and they are in good agreement with each other. Finally, R_(4/2)=E(4_1^+)/E(2_1^+), R_(0/2)=E(0_2^+)/E(2_1^+) energy ratios and B(E2:4_1^+→2_1^+)/B(E2:2_1^+→0_1^+), B(E2:0_2^+→2_1^+)/B(E2:2_1^+→0_1^+) ratios were analized to see the behavior of given isotopes. According to obtained results, Ti isotopes show E(5) behavior along the transition path from spherical to deformed -unstable region. Overall analysis indicates that these isotopes can be good example for the quantum shape phase studies along the isotopic chain.
Dr. P. B. Nikitin. On the question of the priesthood of epileptics and idiots - Izvestia. Moscow City Duma. April 1900
Authors: Vorotynskiy B.
Published: January 2021

This brochure is a report read in the Society of Psychiatrists in Moscow. Having given a brief overview of what has been accomplished in recent times regarding the spirit of idiots and epileptics in Western Europe, the author proceeds to describe the situation in which these unfortunate patients are in our country.
Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis : Possible markers and treatment agents
Authors: Sanli Arzu , Ozturk Musa , Soysal Aysun , Doventas Yasemin , Basoglu Fulya , Gozubatik-Celik R. Gokcen , Baybas Sevim
Published: January 2021

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are synthesized by many cell groups and responsible for the destruction of matrix proteins, and endogen tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) have a role in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by affecting the blood-brain barrier. We aimed to investigate the role of MMPs and TIMPs in the immunopathogenesis and in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). We enrolled 25 relapsing remitting MS patients, who had a definite MS diagnosis according to McDonald criteria and 25 healthy subjects similar for age and gender as control group. MMP-9- and TIMP-1 levels were measured twice in patient group (one time during an attack and one in remission) and once in healthy subjects. MMP-9- and TIMP-levels of patients during attack and remission period and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were found significantly higher than in the control subjects. In patient group MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio during attacks were not significantly different than during remission period. However, when subdivided according to their number of attacks, patients with 2 attacks had significantly higher levels during attack period comparing to remission period (p<0.05); in case of patients with more than 2 attacks did not have a statistically significant difference in attack and remission periods. Matrix metalloproteinases are important actors in MS immunopathogenesis, particularly in the early period and inhibitor agents for these enzymes can be used as a treatment option.
New Chemical Constituents from the Leaves and Twigs of Holoptelea integrifolia
Authors: Sukdee Sukee , Meepowpan Puttinan , Nantasaen Narong , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn , Yodsin Nuttapon , Pompimon Wilart
Published: January 2021

Phytochemical examination on the different extracts of leaves and twigs of Holoptelea integrifolia (H. integrifolia) were carried out with varied polar organic solvents. The chemical constituents of crude extracts were separated and isolated by using chromatography technique and characterized by using spectroscopies of 1H, 13C and 2D NMR. Two known compounds, the stigmasterol (1) and octamethylcyclohexane-1,4-dione (2), and one new compound, di-myo-inositol (3) were isolated and characterized. Chemical constituent 2 and 3 has been reported for the first time in H. integrifolia; in addition, constituent 3 was new phytochemical finding.
Impact of Sarvanga Ruksha Svedana on Physiological, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Young Healthy Subjects: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Yadav Saurabh , Verma Vandana , Abinav .
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Svedana Karma (Sudation) is a therapeutic procedure used to pacify Vata, Kapha Dosha and also helps in detoxification of the body. Various methods have been described to induce sweating as per the disorder and the type of Dosha involved in pathogenesis. Sarvanga Ruksha svedana used in the present study is a type of Sagni Sveda (Kuti Sveda) in which heat is applied without prior Abhyanga (massage with oil). Objectives: To analyze certain physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters in blood and sweat and also to understand the mechanism of effects produced by Sarvanga Ruksha Svedan. Methods: An exploratory study was conducted on 30 clinically healthy subjects in the age group of 20-30 years. They were registered for the study after their written consent for Svedan procedure. The impact of Svedan was observed in terms of subject’s pulse rate (PR), blood pressure (BP), Temperature and biochemical parameters like complete blood count (CBC), and renal function test (RFT), lipid profile, sweat biochemical analysis. Assessment of Prakriti was done as per the predominance of Dosha. Results: The changes observed in the BP, PR, temperature, hemoglobin (Hb), CBC, biochemical parameters such as serum and sweat electrolytes, blood lipid levels, serum urea, creatinine have shown significant effect of Sarvanga Ruksh Svedan. The difference in responses has been found to vary as per Prakriti also. Conclusion: Present study has shown several interesting findings leading to scientific interpretation of Svedan Karma and physiology of Svedavaha Srotas and also has provided a lead for future research in this area.
Katupila (Securinega leucopyrus) A Boon for Bedsore- A Case Report
Authors: Sonani Snehal , Kullolli Vivekanand , Thorat Krishna
Published: January 2021

Pressure ulcer is a sequel of tissue necrosis and ulceration due to prolonged pressure. External pressure of more than 30 mmHg on the skin leads to ischemia (reduced blood flow) causing ischeohypoxia, necrosis and ulceration. It is more common between bony prominence and an external surface. It may be due to impaired blood supply, defective nutrition and neurological deficit. Ayurveda describes this type of non-healing ulcer in terms of Dusta vrana, in that context Acharya Sushruta had also mentioned it as “Dirghakalanubandhi” which suggests that these kind of ulcers take longer time to heal due to underlying reasons. This article is about the single case report of a 51-year-old male patient with a stage 3 decubitus ulcer over the right heel since 2 months. As decubitus ulcers especially of stage 3 is difficult to cure, ayurvedic management with internal medication and external therapy was performed in this reported case. For Internal medication, Tablet septilin (A Patent medicine of Himalaya pharmacy, India) and Punarnavadi kashay (A Patent medicine of Vaidhyaratnam pharmacy, India) was used for enhancement of better wound healing. For external application Paste Katupila and honey was applied for 30 days. According to the assessment, wound showed good response within 10 days and was completely healed in 30 days.
Entropy Based Regional Precipitation Prediction in the Case of Gediz River Basin
Authors: BOZOĞLU Özgür , BARAN Türkay , BARBAROS Filiz
Published: January 2021

The Shannon’s entropy concept is defined to measure the information content of hydrological processes in hydrology and water resources. Entropy concept has also provided an opportunity to solve several related topics in water resources engineering. The presented study aims to define the regional distribution of the expected long-term annual total precipitation, by using the entropy concept. For this purpose, the frequency analysis of the observed long-term total monthly precipitation data for each station is analyzed, and entropy values are calculated using the frequency histogram called " Intensity Entropy – IE". By using the IE values, it is possible to define the regional information of long-term expected precipitation even if the gauging stations have different observation periods without missing any information of available data. In addition, there is no need to complete the data of the missing observation years (months) to define the precipitation-elevation relations for producing an isometric map. In regional analysis, it is possible to create isoentropy map, by using the determined IE values for each gauging station. The IE method is performed and isoentropy map is created for Gediz Basin as a case study, and the a priori conditions of using IE method results for regional information are discussed in the paper.
De falantes à aprendizes: O ensino/aprendizagem da língua Ucraniana como língua de herança
Authors: Smaha Edina , Krause-Lemke Cibele
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo, valemo-nos do conceito de Língua de Herança (LH), conforme proposto por Cummins (1983) para referir-nos a qualquer outro idioma de relevância familiar que não seja a língua oficial de um dado território. Embora a definição de LH e o uso do termo tenha sido centrado na língua inglesa e no contexto norte-americano, ele passou a ser utilizado para refletir contextos imigratórios onde o processo de aquisição linguística divide espaço entre a língua minoritária (Língua de Herança) e a língua majoritária (Língua de Acolhimento). Neste trabalho, trataremos do cenário linguístico da cidade de Prudentópolis – PR, onde a língua ucraniana desempenha o papel de Língua de Herança para grande parte da população local. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é, mais especificamente, refletir acerca dos desafios do ensino desta língua no Brasil, e a partir das experiências em sala de aula, descrever adaptações realizadas em atividades do material didático utilizado nas aulas com o intuito de buscar aproximar o aluno à variedade padrão desta língua, no caso a língua ucraniana oficial e, ao mesmo tempo, valorizar e revitalizar a variedade falada na sua comunidade.
Impact of Pollinator Insects Associated with Cucumber Fruit Set
Authors: Amin Md. Ruhul , Nahid S. , Suh Sang Jae
Published: January 2021

Background: Cucumber is one of the popular vegetables of the cultivated cucurbits. Different insect species harbored with cucumber plant and they influence on its production, but little have been studied in Bangladesh. This study investigated the abundance of the insect species and the impact of insect pollinators on cucumber yield. Methods: Investigation was conducted in summer and rainy seasons at Gazipur, Bangladesh. Insects were collected and categorized as pest, predator, pollinator and casual visitor. Occurrence of the insects at different hours of the day and impact of supplemented insect pollinators on fruit and seed set compared to natural and hand pollination were studied. Result: In total thirty species of insects were found with cucumber plants and their relative abundances ranged from 0.4 to 13.7%. We found ten species of insects as pest, ten species as predator, four species as pollinator and six species as casual visitor. The red pumpkin beetle, epilachna beetle and fruit fly were found as the major pests. The red pumpkin beetle revealed the top ranks among the insects and the highest abundance of the insects occurred at 09:00 h of the day. Supplemented insect pollinators revealed higher yield, which indicated the significant for conserving insect pollinators.
Mesure des cholinestérases chez Tilapia nilotica avant et après une campagne agricole au Sénégal
Authors: Abiola F.A. , Cissé P.
Published: January 2021

Des mesures de l'activité cholinestérasique ont été effectuées chez des poissons (Tilapia nilotica) avant et après l'hivernage au Sénégal. Après utilisation d'insecticides organophosphorés, les taux d'activité sont réduits de 35,60 p. 100 pour l'acétylcholinestérase, et de 56,27 p. 100 pour le propionylcholinestérase lorsqu'il s'agit du foie. Ce paramètre pourrait représenter une indication de pollution de l'environnement, surtout dans les pays en développement, où l'utilisation de ces composés est encore loin d'être abandonnée.
Note sur l'insémination artificielle de vaches Baoulé en élevage contrôlé au Burkina Faso
Authors: Chicoteau P. , Ouedraougo A. , Cloé C. , Bassinga A.
Published: January 2021

L'insémination artificielle pratiquée dans les pays tempérés n'est pas directement transposable en pays tropicaux en raison de leurs contraintes spécifiques. Les essais conduits en station sur des vaches taurines trypanoto l érantes de race Baoulé montrent que la maîtrise des cycles sexuels est indispensable et possible lorsque tous les facteurs de l'environnement sont bien contrôlés. Les animaux sont spontanément cyclés et en bon état d'entretien. Hors de ce contrôle, l'insémination artificielle est difficileme n t transposable en élevage traditionnel, sauf cas particulier.
Elevage bovin en plantation industrielle de palmiers à huile au Cameroun. I. Etude de la flore et mesure des biomasses
Authors: Gaullier P.
Published: January 2021

Un élevage bovin de race trypanotolérante (N'Dama) a été créé à partir de 1979 dans une palmeraie industrielle de la province du littoral au Cameroun. Une étude des pâturages a été entreprise, dont la première phase était une enquête agrostologique dans les différentes tranches d'âge de la palmeraie. Elle a permis de faire une évaluation globale de la productivité fourragère par mesure des biomasses totales et utiles. L'influence des travaux d'entretien de la palmeraie ainsi que les caractéristiques originales de ces pâturages sont examinées; l'étude de leur dynamique et l'analyse de leur évolution sous exploitation sont amorcées.
Note sur l’écologie et la distribution des mollusques d’eau douce dans les États du Plateau et de Bauchi (Nigeria)
Authors: Kela S.L. , Istifanus W.A. , Okwuosa V.N.
Published: January 2021

Au Nigéria, les informations sont rares en ce qui concerne la distribution et les relations avec l'écologie des mollusques d'eau douce en tant que vecteurs de certaines helminthoses. Au cours de leur enquête, les auteurs ont dénombré cinq espèces dont la présence et la distribution ne semblent pas affectées par le milieu. Les recherches se poursuivent afin de mieux connaître l'interaction des différents composants de l'environnement.
Est-il encore opportun de préconiser la vermifugation systématique des petits ruminants d'Afrique sahélo-soudanienne contre les nématodes gastro-intestinaux ?
Authors: Thys Eric , Vercruysse J.
Published: January 2021

Les auteurs passent en revue les différents aspects de la prévention des nématodoses gastro-intestinales des petits ruminants d'Afrique et s'interrogent sur la faisabilité de campagnes de prophylaxie médicale à grande échelle en zone sahélo-soudanienne, compte tenu des connaissances actuelles en épidémiologie, immunité naturelle et apparition de résistance aux anthelminth i ques, et des contraintes socio-économiques. Ils concluent qu'en attendant la mise au point de systèmes économiques et cohérents, il convient de limiter cette prophylaxie et de se contenter de traiter les malades.
Utilisation de souriceaux pour la mise en évidence de l'infectivité des glossines
Authors: Nitcheman Salifou , Jacquiet Philippe
Published: January 2021

Pour identifier les glossines infectantes porteuses de trypanosomes métacycliques, des glossines présumées infectées sont individuellement nourries trois fois de suite sur des souriceaux (une mouche par souriceau) dont le contrôle parasitologique permet de détecter les mouches capables de transmettre le parasite. Cette technique qu'on pourrait désigner par le terme de "xénodiagnostic inverse" se révèle bonne, facile à mettre en oeuvre pour la constitution rapide de lots de glossines infectantes utilisés ensuite comme matériel d'étude. En revanche, elle ne peut s'applique r qu'aux espèces ou souches de trypanosomes auxquelles la souris est sensible. Les résultats confirment le maintien, durant toute sa vie, du potentiel vecteur de la glossine.
Sélection d'arbres fourragers. Expérimentation sur le site de Bikita, projet caprin au Zimbabwe
Authors: Reiss D. , Harrison J.
Published: January 2021

La place et le rôle de l'arbre fourrager se définissent différemment selon qu'on l'utilise au sein même de l'exploitation ou sur parcours naturel. Les critères de sélection sont multiples, selon la relation avec l'animal : directe sur parcours ou indirecte sur l'exploitation; distribution de fourrage ou protection pendant une certaine période de l'année. La méthodologie adoptée pour la sélection consiste à tester les espèces provenant de zones climatiques analogues ainsi que les espèces locales pour ensuite rechercher, parmi les plus prometteuses, une base de sélection génétique la plus large possible; ce qui revient à tester les écotypes de provenances différentes. Le projet caprin au Zimbabwe participe à la sélection d'arbres fourragers susceptibles d'apporter une amélioration de l'alimentation des chèvres en zone communale. L'expérimentation débute en 1987 et se poursuit en 1989, avec la collaboration du Forest Research Centre du Zimbabwe et de l'Oxford Forestry Institute. Les collections sont testées pour les performances de croissance et l'utilisation du fourrage par les chèvres. Les premiers résultats rendent compte de la supériorité de certaines espèces, telle Sesbania sesban, en matière de production fourragère, ainsi que des qualités des arbres qu'une utilisatio n précise (haie vive, alley cropping) permettrait de mettre à profit.
Effets saisonniers sur certains paramètres de la production bovine dans les élevages mixtes de l'Etat de Colima au Mexique
Authors: Choisis Jean-Philippe , Cervantes Norma P. , Lhoste Philippe
Published: January 2021

Dans le cadre d'un programme de coopération franco-mexicain, les auteurs ont effectué pendant deux ans le suivi de 15 élevages bovins du système mixte dans l'Etat de Colima au Mexique. Dans cette région tropicale de la côte Pacifique, il apparaît que l'alternance saisonnière détermine dans une large mesure les conditions d'alimentation des animaux et influence donc considérablement les performances zootechniques enregistrées : paramètres de la reproduction, croissance, production laitière, etc. Après une présentation rapide des actions de développement déjà amorcées dans ce domaine, une réflexion est conduite sur les perspectives d'innovation dans les élevages les moins avancés pour tenter notamment de réduire les effets saisonniers défavorables sur la production bovine.
Emploi de l’éthyléneimine binaire pour la production d’un vaccin inactivé contre la peste équine. Résultats préliminaires
Authors: Hassanain M.M.
Published: January 2021

Des recherches ont été effectuées pour mettre au point un vaccin inactivé contre la peste équine au moyen de l'éthyléneimine binaire. Le processus d'inactivation de la souche virulente type 9 en utilisant ce produit, montre une inactivation complète du virus au bout de 18, 48 et 84 h avec des concentrations de 0,004, 0,003 et 0,002M, respectivement, sans détection virale résiduelle. Une concentration de 0,003M en inactivateur est recommandée et aucun changement dans les propriétés antigéniques virales n'est constaté dans le test de fixation du complément. Les paramètres physiques propres au vaccin avec l'adjuvant de Freund ont été étudiés. Une durée d'émulsification de 25 secondes est suffisante pour obtenir un produit émulsifié à 100 %, de consistance crémeuse, avec un temps d'écoulement de 2,2 secondes/0,1 ml. Le vaccin est stable pendant six mois à la température de conservation de 4¼C et pendant 15 jours à 37¼C. Expérimenté sur deux chevaux, avec un rappel au bout de deux mois le même vaccin a conféré une immunité acceptable pendant une période d'observation de six mois. Deux mois après la vaccination, l'inoculation des animaux avec la souche virulente de référence n'a provoqué l'apparition d'aucun signe clinique.
Evaluation de la thermotolérance du vaccin V4 lyophilisé contre la maladie de Newcastle
Authors: Nguyen Ba Vy Vy
Published: January 2021

Un vaccin lyophilisé contre la maladie de Newcastle a été fabriqué à partir d'un dérivé thermotolérant V4/276 de la souche de virus V4 (UPM). Le titre moyen de chaque flacon est de 10 puissance 10,4 DIO50 après 14 jours de conservation à + 4°C et de 10 puissance 10 DIO50 après 126 jours. Lors d'une incubation à 45°C pendant 7 et 14 jours, il s'est abaissé respectivement à 10 puissance 8,5 DIO50 et 10 puissance 8,2 DIO50. Ce vaccin a été aussi exposé à la température ambiante à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) durant la première quinzaine du mois de juillet 1991, période au cours de laquelle la température oscille le plus souvent entre 25 et 32°C sans jamais dépasser 35°C : après des séjours de 7 et 14 jours à l'extérieur, ce vaccin a gardé un titre moyen de 10 puissance 9,3 DIO50/flacon. Il est destiné à l'enrobage de grains servant de nourriture aux volailles des villages africains.
Arthrite-encéphalite à l’entivirus chez la chèvre dans le nord-ouest de la Syrie
Authors: Giangaspero M. , Vanopdenbosch E. , Nishikawa H.
Published: January 2021

Un dépistage des anticorps contre le virus de l'arthrite-encéphalite des caprins a été effectué au nord-ouest de la Syrie en utilisant le test d'immunodiffusion en gélose. Sur 72 sérums testés, 12,5 % montraient une réaction positive. Aucune évidence clinique de la maladie n'a été trouvée chez les animaux testés. Ces résultats indiquent que l'infection est endémique dans la région étudiée.
Evaluation du test de détection des antigènes circulants des trypanosomes à l'aide d'anticorps monoclonaux. Infections expérimentales et naturelles
Authors: Kanwe A.B. , Bengaly Zakaria , Saulnier D. , Duvallet Gérard
Published: January 2021

Un test ELISA de détection des antigènes circulants pour le diagnostic des trypanosomoses animales a été proposé récemment par Nantulya et Lindqvist (1989). Basé sur l'utilisation d'anticorps monoclonaux spécifiques, ce test est réputé permettre le diagnostic d'une infection active et l'identification du ou des trypanosomes responsables. Avec les réactifs fournis gracieusement par l'International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD), on a pu l'évaluer au CRTA, lors d'infections expérimentales de petits ruminants et sur des sérums de bovins prélevés sur le terrain. Les résultats obtenus à l'ILRAD ont montré que ce test est beaucoup plus efficace pendant les phases chroniques aparasitémiques. D'autres essais sont en cours au CRTA, notamment sur le terrain lors d'enquêtes épidémiologiques.
Étude des biotypes et de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques de Yersinia enterocolitica, agent infectieux pour l’homme et le porc au Nigeria
Authors: Ikheloa J.O. , Aruna M.B. , Ayoade G.O.
Published: January 2021

Un dépistage de Yersinia enterocolitica a été effectué en 1990 sur des échantillons fécaux diarrhéiques d'origine humaine (n = 210) et porcine (n = 192). Dix souches de Y. enterocolitica ont été isolées chez le porc et 8 chez l'homme. Les isolats appartenaient aux biotypes 1, 2, 3 et 4 de Wauter. Les isolats de biotype 2 ont été principalement retrouvés dans les selles humaines, le biotype 3 n'a été retrouvé que chez le porc, alors que les biotypes 1 et 4 ont été isolés à la fois chez l'homme et le porc. Les 18 souches ont montré des sensibilités variables aux antibiotiques utilisés dans cette étude. Les germes ont présenté la même résistance à l'ampicilline et à la pénicilline.
Epidémiologie du parasitisme aviaire en élevage villageois dans la région de Niamey, Niger
Authors: Tager-Kagan Pierre , Tibayrenc Robert , Garba Djibo
Published: January 2021

Un inventaire du parasitisme aviaire chez les poules et les pintades en élevage villageois a été effectué de mai 1985 à avril 1987 dans le département de Niamey. Près de 1200 autopsies et examens hématologiques ainsi que 6000 coproscopies ont été faits. Le polyparasitisme interne est la règle dans les deux tiers des cas, avec des infestations assez faibles chez la poule, plus importantes chez la pintade. Les cestodoses sont fréquentes dans les deux espèces. La spirochétose, omniprésente, constitue un danger potentiel pour les élevages améliorés. Les ectoparasitoses sont surtout représentées par les argas et par la gale des pattes qui touche une poule sur dix.