bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticipated stigma and quality of life among people living with chronic illnesses
Authors: Earnshaw Valerie A , Quinn Diane M , Park Crystal L
Published: November 2011

Objectives: We examined the process by which anticipated stigma relates to quality of life among people living with chronic illnesses. We hypothesized that stress, social support and patient satisfaction mediate the relationships between three sources of anticipated stigma and quality of life.

Methods: Data were collected from adults living with chronic illnesses recruited from support groups and online communities, and were analysed with path analysis.

Results: Results demonstrated that stress mediated the relationships between anticipated stigma from friends and family, and work colleagues with quality of life; social support mediated the relationships between anticipated stigma from friends and family, and work colleagues with quality of life; and patient satisfaction mediated the relationship between anticipated stigma from healthcare providers with quality of life. The final path model fit the data well ( χ2 (8) = 8.66, p = 0.37; RMSEA = 0.02; CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.03), and accounted for 60% of the variance in participants’ quality of life.

Discussion: This work highlights potential points of intervention to improve quality of life. It calls attention to the importance of differentiating between sources of anticipated stigma in clinical settings, interventions and research involving people living with chronic illnesses.
Bars, drugs and football thugs: Alcohol, cocaine use and violence in the night time economy among English football firms
Authors: Ayres Tammy C. , Treadwell James
Published: November 2011

This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork, the aim of which was to explore the functionality of cocaine (used in conjunction with alcohol and on its own) in the subcultural milieu of the English football firm. The study was originally concerned with the use of violence associated with cocaine use among football fans on match days but, like much ethnography, the research evolved beyond its original remit to include the extension of football firm violence within the night time economy (NTE). The study is unique in giving a voice to this group of individuals and permitting them to be active interpreters of their own world. It included 20 interviews with members of football firms who habitually took part in violent exchanges and found that concurrent use of cocaine and alcohol fulfilled three main functions: the facilitation of extreme violence; the acquisition of ‘time out’; and the construction of a (hyper-)masculine identity. These functions were not confined to the subcultural context of the football firm, but had also become an integral component of their mainstream leisure pursuits within the NTE. The findings from this explorative study also contribute answers to the under researched question of whether those ‘who are violent in the NTE are also violent in other contexts’ (Finney, 2004: 5).
Learning to Redress Preemptive Deceit
Authors: Williams Christopher
Published: November 2011

Deceit is a significant aspect of the misuse of power. This article demonstrates how to identify and redress a “preemptive” form of this misconduct through a case study of the Iraq Dossier. The media claimed that the Dossier was inconsistent with the original intelligence reports, which was not possible to verify. This analysis shows that the Dossier is inconsistent with itself, which was missed because the initial media reaction distracted attention from careful scrutiny. The Dossier’s main text does not make a substantive claim that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction. That claim was only made in altered phraseology within the title, foreword, summary, and conclusions. Relevant omissions within the formal inquiries are identified, and areas of redress are examined, specifically “misconduct in public office.” The case study is then discussed in terms of defining, conceptualizing, and teaching about “preemptive deceit.”
The People Want to Topple the Regime
Authors: Spindel Chad
Published: November 2011

For most observers, the Arab Spring seemed to come out of nowhere. Although it would be difficult to label the Middle East as stable, the autocratic regimes of the area have, for the most part, customarily managed to preserve the delicate balance needed to govern the states of the region. Was the act of an individual enough to fundamentally shift this balance or was it the catalyst for a revolution destined to happen? Moreover, why were some governments in the region overthrown while others remained in power? This article explores possible answers to these questions.
Dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibition diminishes Akt activation and induces Puma-dependent apoptosis in lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Gupta Mamta , Hendrickson Andrea E. Wahner , Yun Seong Seok , Han Jing Jing , Schneider Paula A. , Koh Brian D. , Stenson Mary J. , Wellik Linda E. , Shing Jennifer C. , Peterson Kevin L. , Flatten Karen S. , Hess Allan D. , Smith B. Douglas , Karp Judith E. , Barr Sharon , Witzig Thomas E. , Kaufmann Scott H.
Published: November 2011

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays crucial roles in proliferative and antiapoptotic signaling in lymphoid malignancies. Rapamycin analogs, which are allosteric mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors, are active in mantle cell lymphoma and other lymphoid neoplasms, but responses are usually partial and short-lived. In the present study we compared the effects of rapamycin with the dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor OSI-027 in cell lines and clinical samples representing divers lymphoid malignancies. In contrast to rapamycin, OSI-027 markedly diminished proliferation and induced apoptosis in a variety of lymphoid cell lines and clinical samples, including specimens of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma and Sezary syndrome. Additional analysis demonstrated that OSI-027–induced apoptosis depended on transcriptional activation of the PUMA and BIM genes. Overexpression of Bcl-2, which neutralizes Puma and Bim, or loss of procaspase 9 diminished OSI-027–induced apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, OSI-027 inhibited phosphorylation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 substrates, up-regulated Puma, and induced regressions in Jeko xenografts. Collectively, these results not only identify a pathway that is critical for the cytotoxicity of dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors, but also suggest that simultaneously targeting mTORC1 and mTORC2 might be an effective anti-lymphoma strategy in vivo.
Efficient α, β-motif finder for identification of phenotype-related functional modules
Authors: Schmidt Matthew C , Rocha Andrea M , Padmanabhan Kanchana , Chen Zhengzhang , Scott Kathleen , Mihelcic James R , Samatova Nagiza F
Published: November 2011

Background

Microbial communities in their natural environments exhibit phenotypes that can directly cause particular diseases, convert biomass or wastewater to energy, or degrade various environmental contaminants. Understanding how these communities realize specific phenotypic traits (e.g., carbon fixation, hydrogen production) is critical for addressing health, bioremediation, or bioenergy problems.

Results

In this paper, we describe a graph-theoretical method for in silico prediction of the cellular subsystems that are related to the expression of a target phenotype. The proposed (α, β)-motif finder approach allows for identification of these phenotype-related subsystems that, in addition to metabolic subsystems, could include their regulators, sensors, transporters, and even uncharacterized proteins. By comparing dozens of genome-scale networks of functionally associated proteins, our method efficiently identifies those statistically significant functional modules that are in at least α networks of phenotype-expressing organisms but appear in no more than β networks of organisms that do not exhibit the target phenotype. It has been shown via various experiments that the enumerated modules are indeed related to phenotype-expression when tested with different target phenotypes like hydrogen production, motility, aerobic respiration, and acid-tolerance.

Conclusion

Thus, we have proposed a methodology that can identify potential statistically significant phenotype-related functional modules. The functional module is modeled as an (α, β)-clique, where α and β are two criteria introduced in this work. We also propose a novel network model, called the two-typed, divided network. The new network model and the criteria make the problem tractable even while very large networks are being compared. The code can be downloaded from http://www.freescience.org/cs/ABClique/
Positive selection on a bacterial oncoprotein associated with gastric cancer
Authors: Delgado-Rosado Gisela , Dominguez-Bello Maria Gloria , Massey Steven E
Published: November 2011

Background

Helicobacter pylori is a vertically inherited gut commensal that is carcinogenic if it possesses the cag pathogenicity island (cag PaI); infection with H.pylori is the major risk factor for gastric cancer, the second leading cause of death from cancer worldwide (WHO). The cag PaI locus encodes the cagA gene, whose protein product is injected into stomach epithelial cells via a Type IV secretion system, also encoded by the cag PaI. Once there, the cagA protein binds to various cellular proteins, resulting in dysregulation of cell division and carcinogenesis. For this reason, cagA may be described as an oncoprotein. A clear understanding of the mechanism of action of cagA and its benefit to the bacteria is lacking.

Results

Here, we reveal that the cagA gene displays strong signatures of positive selection in bacteria isolated from amerindian populations, using the Ka/Ks ratio. Weaker signatures are also detected in the gene from bacteria isolated from asian populations, using the Ka/Ks ratio and the more sensitive branches-sites model of the PAML package. When the cagA gene isolated from amerindian populations was examined in more detail it was found that the region under positive selection contains the EPIYA domains, which are known to modulate the carcinogenicity of the gene. This means that the carcinogenicity modulating region of the gene is undergoing adaptation. The results are discussed in relation to the high incidences of stomach cancer in some latin american and asian populations.

Conclusion

Positive selection on cagA indicates antagonistic coevolution between host and bacteria, which appears paradoxical given that cagA is detrimental to the human host upon which the bacteria depends. This suggests several non-exclusive possibilities; that gastric cancer has not been a major selective pressure on human populations, that cagA has an undetermined benefit to the human host, or that horizontal transmission of H.pylori between hosts has been more important in the evolution of H.pylori than previously recognized, reducing the selective pressure to lower the pathogenicity of the bacteria. The different patterns of adaptation of the gene in different human populations indicates that there are population specific differences in the human gut environment - due either to differences in host genetics or diet and other lifestyle features.
A web-based normative calculator for the uniform data set (UDS) neuropsychological test battery
Authors: Shirk Steven D , Mitchell Meghan B , Shaughnessy Lynn W , Sherman Janet C , Locascio Joseph J , Weintraub Sandra , Atri Alireza
Published: November 2011

Introduction

With the recent publication of new criteria for the diagnosis of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a need for neuropsychological tools that take premorbid functioning into account in order to detect subtle cognitive decline. Using demographic adjustments is one method for increasing the sensitivity of commonly used measures. We sought to provide a useful online z-score calculator that yields estimates of percentile ranges and adjusts individual performance based on sex, age and/or education for each of the neuropsychological tests of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (NACC, UDS). In addition, we aimed to provide an easily accessible method of creating norms for other clinical researchers for their own, unique data sets.

Methods

Data from 3,268 clinically cognitively-normal older UDS subjects from a cohort reported by Weintraub and colleagues (2009) were included. For all neuropsychological tests, z-scores were estimated by subtracting the raw score from the predicted mean and then dividing this difference score by the root mean squared error term (RMSE) for a given linear regression model.

Results

For each neuropsychological test, an estimated z-score was calculated for any raw score based on five different models that adjust for the demographic predictors of SEX, AGE and EDUCATION, either concurrently, individually or without covariates. The interactive online calculator allows the entry of a raw score and provides five corresponding estimated z-scores based on predictions from each corresponding linear regression model. The calculator produces percentile ranks and graphical output.

Conclusions

An interactive, regression-based, normative score online calculator was created to serve as an additional resource for UDS clinical researchers, especially in guiding interpretation of individual performances that appear to fall in borderline realms and may be of particular utility for operationalizing subtle cognitive impairment present according to the newly proposed criteria for Stage 3 preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
Do individual e do coletivo: sobre aproximações entre o pensamento de Freud e Marx
Authors: Granúzzio Patrícia Magri , Ceribelli Renata de Fátima
Published: November 2011

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a aproximação teórica entre duas vertentes distintas de pensamento que, inicialmente, pode parecer improvável: a psicanálise e o marxismo. O texto discorre sobre a reflexão da gênesis do problema político, interpretando sociedade e indivíduo como inter-relação da natureza humana, conectando, a partir desse princípio, o problema político e o problema psicológico, este se situando como base original daquele. Portanto, no entrecruzamento de sociedade, poder político e natureza humana, expande-se um campo de investigação que se abre a diversas possibilidades, inclusive à aproximação teórica entre as ideias de Marx e Freud. Dentre diversos autores que discutem o freudomarxismo e o posicionamento de Sigmund Freud, diante das ideias de Karl Marx, será dada exclusividade a Wilhelm Reich, Herbert Marcuse e a Ludwig Marcuse. Para uma crítica às ideias de Herbert Marcuse e análise da inter-relação entre marxismo e psicanálise, por sua vez, recorre-se ao filósofo marxista Louis Althusser e a outros analistas e críticos dessas mesmas ideias.
Perspectivas sociais e políticas da formação de nível médio: avanços e entraves nas suas modalidades
Authors: Frigotto Gaudêncio , Ciavatta Maria
Published: November 2011

Tratamos de perspectivas para o ensino médio do ponto de vista das questões mais amplas que as determinam como totalidades sociais. Entendemos que os processos educativos são constituídos e constituintes da sociedade e sinalizamos particularidades da sociabilidade capitalista em países dependentes como os latino-americanos, em particular, o Brasil. A seguir, apresentamos concepções teóricas e ideologias em confronto nas propostas de ensino médio no Brasil e algumas das principais disputas das políticas educacionais em curso. Nas considerações finais, sinalizamos entraves, desafios e perspectivas.
Ensino médio: possibilidades de avaliação
Authors: Moraes Carmen Sylvia Vidigal , Alavarse Ocimar Munhoz
Published: November 2011

Neste artigo procura-se articular um conjunto de indicadores que permitiriam avaliar o ensino médio, incluindo a modalidade de educação de jovens e adultos. Parte-se de uma série histórica de matrículas no período de 1991 a 2010, com taxas líquidas de matrícula para a população de 15 a 17 anos, por dependências administrativas e turnos. Abarcam-se, também, as taxas de rendimento, especialmente as taxas de aprovação que expressam o sucesso no fluxo escolar. O quadro é completado com os resultados de desempenho no saeb, que se conjugam com as taxas de aprovação para compor o ideb, apresentado pelo MEC como indicador de qualidade da educação básica, o que remete a algumas problematizações sobre a concepção de avaliação e qualidade. Tais indicadores sinalizam os desafios de atendimento dessa etapa da educação básica às vésperas de sua obrigatoriedade, nos marcos do que se denomina democratização do ensino. Detalha-se o PROEJA no escopo de incluir outros elementos para uma avaliação mais abrangente do ensino médio, notadamente em relação à eja e ao mundo do trabalho.
Phylogenetic analysis of Pneumocystis from pig lungs obtained from slaughterhouses in southern and midwestern regions of Brazil
Authors: Sanches E.M.C , Ferreiro L , Borba M.R , Spanamberg A , Ravazzolo A.P , Santurio J.M , Driemeir D , Barcellos D.E.S.N , Berthelemy M , Guillot J
Published: November 2011

The Pneumocystis genus is comprised of pathogens dwelling in the lungs of terrestrial, aerial, and aquatic mammals. Occasionally they induce severe pneumonitis, particularly in hosts with severe impairment of the immune system and progressively may fill pulmonary alveolar cavities causing respiratory failure. Molecular genetic studies revealed that Pneumocystis gene sequences present a marked divergence with the host species concerned. In the present study, the genetic diversity of Pneumocystis obtained from lungs of swines was examined by analyzing mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU) and small subunit (mtSSU) rRNA sequences. The samples were obtained from two slaughterhouses located in two Brazilian states. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that genetic groupings within Pneumocystis organisms were in accordance with those of the corresponding hosts and that two clusters were formed. In conclusion, these data show that there are genetically distinct porcine Pneumocystis genotypes with at least two separate clusters in Brazil.
Sistemas sinóticos associados às precipitações intensas no estado de Alagoas
Authors: Silva Bruce Francisco Pontes da , Fedorova Natalia , Levit Vladimir , Peresetsky Anatoly , Brito Bruno Miranda de
Published: November 2011

Neste trabalho analisou-se a estrutura dos sistemas meteorológicos associados às precipitações intensas em Alagoas entre 2003 e 2006. Foi feita a análise das imagens de satélite no canal infravermelho, de produtos de reanálise do National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) e dados de precipitação de dezessete postos pluviométricos, espalhados em diferentes regiões do Estado. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as causas da formação das precipitações intensas e determinar os sistemas meteorológicos associados. Os casos de precipitação intensa foram registrados no Outono/Inverno. Além disso, metade dos eventos ocorridos entre a primavera e o verão aconteceu em janeiro. As Perturbações Ondulatórias nos Ventos Alísios, a Corrente de Jato do Nordeste Brasileiro e as extremidades das frentes frias foram os sistemas que estiveram mais relacionados às precipitações intensas. Complexos Convectivos de Mesoescala provocaram boa parte dos temporais no oeste do Estado, o que não foi verificado no leste. Exemplificando o método de análise utilizado, um caso foi discutido.
Esforço percebido, estresse e inflamação do trato respiratório superior em atletas de elite de canoagem
Authors: Moreira Alexandre , Borges Thiago Oliveira , Koslowski Alvaro Acco , Simões Antonio Carlos , Barbanti Valdir José
Published: November 2011

O presente estudo investigou o comportamento do esforço percebido, percepção de fontes e sintomas de estresse e de ocorrência e incidência de sintomas associados a inflamações do trato respiratório superior (ITRS) em atletas de elite do sexo feminino de canoagem velocidade, durante sete semanas de preparação para um campeonato internacional. Para tanto foram utilizados os instrumentos de: medida de esforço percebido da sessão (EPS); o DALDA e o WURSS-21. A ANOVA de Friedman foi utilizada a fim de verificar a hipótese de igualdade entre as sete semanas de investigação para cada uma das variáveis. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. O teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado como "post-hoc" com o ajuste de Bonferroni, quando necessário. Os resultados para EPS revelaram diferença significante entre as sete semanas de investigação. Foram localizadas diferenças entre as semanas recuperativas e as semanas de intensificação do treinamento. Diferenças significantes foram reveladas para os sintomas de estresse (Parte B do DALDA) sinalizando para a sensibilidade do instrumento para discriminar semanas de intensificação e semanas recuperativas de carga de treinamento. O WURSS-21 revelou diferenças significantes na ocorrência e incidência de ITRS entre a semana de maior volume de treinamento (semana 1) e as demais semanas investigadas, exceto com a semana 2. Os resultados permitem concluir que os instrumentos utilizados na presente investigação podem ser úteis para monitorar as alterações no esforço percebido da sessão, fadiga, percepção de sintomas de estresse e de ocorrências de ITRS.
Aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho motor em escolares de sete a 15 anos
Authors: Dumith Samuel Carvalho , Ramires Virgílio Viana , Souza Matheus Jesuíno Alves , Moraes Daniel Souza , Petry Fabrício Godoy , Oliveira Eduardo Soldera , Ramires Sandro Viana , Marques Alexandre Carriconde
Published: November 2011

Os benefícios do desenvolvimento da aptidão física sobre a saúde estão bem evidenciados na literatura científica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho motor de crianças e adolescentes e examinar as diferenças de acordo com sexo, idade, tipo de escola (pública ou privada) e região geográfica da escola (urbana ou rural). Uma bateria de cinco testes motores foi aplicada a 526 alunos entre sete e 15 anos do ensino fundamental de Rio Grande, RS: salto em distância parado, arremesso de "medicine-ball", barra modificada, corrida de 20 metros e quadrado. Os resultados apontam que o desempenho em todos os testes foi superior para os rapazes e aumentou diretamente com a faixa etária. Estes foram os principais preditores da aptidão física dentre as variáveis examinadas. O tipo de escola só teve influência sobre o desempenho no teste de arremesso de "medicine-ball", em que alunos da rede privada obtiveram valores médios maiores. Escolares da zona urbana atingiram um melhor desempenho em todos os testes, exceto no teste de barra modificada (sem diferença por região geográfica). A realização de pesquisas com o mesmo enfoque em outras regiões do Brasil permitirá explorar a consistência destes achados e compreender possíveis diferenças.
Práticas de redução de massa corporal em judocas nos períodos pré-competitivos
Authors: Fabrini Sabrina Pinheiro , Brito Ciro José , Mendes Edmar Lacerda , Sabarense Cephora Maria , Marins João Carlos Bouzas , Franchini Emerson
Published: November 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, em judocas, os procedimentos adotados para a redução da massa corporal em períodos próximos às competições e discuti-los frente à literatura. Participaram deste estudo 105 do sexo masculino pertencentes às classes júnior e sênior (idade média de 21,5 ± 8,0 anos). De acordo com os resultados, 73,6% dos atletas desenvolveram estratégias de redução de massa corporal em períodos pré-competitivos, e os métodos mais utilizados por eles foram: aumento do número de atividades físicas além das habituais (76,1%), restrição calórica (59,8%), redução de carboidratos (32,6%) e restrição de líquidos (20,7%). Em valores absolutos, os judocas masculinos reduzem significativamente mais (p < 0,05) a massa corporal em relação às mulheres (4,5 ± 3,5 e 1,7 ± 0,8 kg, respectivamente). As mulheres iniciam com maior antecedência à competição (p < 0,05) a redução da massa corporal (14 ± 6 e 19 ± 7 dias, respectivamente). Pode-se inferir que a maioria dos judocas adota estratégias de redução aguda de massa corporal em períodos que antecedem as competições, o que pode resultar na queda do rendimento
Pessoas com úlceras venosas: estudo do modo psicossocial do modelo adaptativo de Roy
Authors: Costa Isabelle Katherinne Fernandes , Nóbrega Walkíria Gomes da , Costa Isabel Karolyne Fernandes , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos , Lira Ana Luiza Brandão de Carvalho , Tourinho Francis Solange Vieira , Enders Bertha Cruz
Published: November 2011

Estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo, realizado com 50 pessoas com úlcera venosa (UV) em um Hospital Universitário, que objetivou verificar o nível de adaptação psicossocial do Modelo de Roy das pessoas com UV. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética da instituição. Os dados foram coletados com formulário estruturado e após a organização dos dados das alterações ocorridas na vida das pessoas com UV classificamos segundo o modo psicossocial de Roy. Verificamos que no modo autoconceito, 36% sentiam-se insatisfeitos com aparência física, 18% apresentavam sentimentos negativos; no modo desempenho de papéis: alteração no papel laboral (52,0%), atividades domésticas (34,0%), conjugal (6,0%), restrições de lazer, dor, social, escolar e locomoção (82,0%); no modo de interdependência: apoio no tratamento (82,0%), discriminação (58,0%). A identificação do modo psicossocial direciona as ações de enfermagem abrangendo a pessoa que recebe o cuidado considerando-a no todo em suas relações com ambiente promovendo melhor nível de adaptação.
Sinais e sintomas de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada: inferência dos diagnósticos de enfermagem prioritários
Authors: Aliti Graziella Badin , Linhares Joelza Celesilvia Chisté , Linch Graciele Fernanda da Costa , Ruschel Karen Brasil , Rabelo Eneida Rejane
Published: November 2011

Objetivou-se identificar os sinais e sintomas de pacientes admitidos por insuficiência cardíaca (IC) descompensada visando inferir os diagnósticos de enfermagem (DE) prioritários. Estudo transversal realizado em um hospital universitário. Os dados foram coletados por enfermeiras treinadas em IC e registrados em uma ficha contendo itens de identificação, variáveis demográficas e clínicas. Foram incluídos 303 pacientes, a maioria dos pacientes encontrava-se em unidades de emergência (95,7%), com classe funcional III (65,7%). Os sinais e sintomas identificados no momento da admissão hospitalar foram dispnéia (91,4%), dispnéia paroxística noturna (87,5%), cansaço (67,3%), edema (63,7%), ortopnéia (55,4%) e distensão da veia jugular (28,7%). A partir dos sinais e sintomas levantados, que se constituíram no conjunto de pistas relevantes e consistentes como indicador para um DE, foi possível inferir que Débito Cardíaco Diminuído e Volume de Líquidos Excessivo foram os diagnósticos prioritários para a população estudada.
Imagens em 2D e 3D geradas pela TC Cone-Beam e radiografias convencionais: qual a mais confiável?
Authors: Couceiro Carolina Perez , Vilella Oswaldo de Vasconcellos
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: comparar a confiabilidade de identificação dos pontos visualizados sobre radiografias cefalométricas convencionais e sobre imagens geradas pela Tomografia Computadorizada Cone-Beam em 2D e 3D. MÉTODOS: o material constou de imagens obtidas através do tomógrafo computadorizado Cone-Beam, em norma lateral, em 2D e 3D, impressas em papel fotográfico; e radiografias cefalométricas laterais, realizadas na mesma clínica radiológica e no mesmo dia, de dois pacientes pertencentes aos arquivos do Curso de Especialização em Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Dez alunos do Curso de Especialização em Ortodontia da UFF identificaram pontos de referência sobre papel de acetato transparente e foram feitas medições das seguintes variáveis cefalométricas: ANB, FMIA, IMPA, FMA, ângulo interincisal, 1-NA (mm) e ¯1-NB (mm). Em seguida, foram calculadas médias aritméticas, desvios-padrão e coeficientes de variância de cada variável para os dois pacientes. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: os valores das medições realizadas a partir de imagens em 3D apresentaram menor dispersão, sugerindo que essas imagens são mais confiáveis quanto à identificação de alguns pontos cefalométricos. Entretanto, como as imagens em 3D impressas utilizadas no presente estudo não permitiram a visualização de pontos intracranianos, torna-se necessário que softwares específicos sejam elaborados para que esse tipo de exame possa se tornar rotineiro na clínica ortodôntica.
Concordância dos ortodontistas no diagnóstico do padrão facial
Authors: Reis Sílvia Augusta Braga , Abrão Jorge , Claro Cristiane Aparecida Assis , Fornazari Renata Ferraz , Capelozza Filho Leopoldino
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: avaliar a concordância de ortodontistas treinados no diagnóstico do Padrão Facial, por meio da avaliação morfológica da face. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas fotografias faciais de frente, perfil e sorriso de 105 indivíduos selecionados aleatoriamente entre pacientes que procuraram tratamento ortodôntico, as quais foram enviadas a ortodontistas treinados na classificação do Padrão Facial. A concordância intraexaminador, dos examinadores com o Padrão-Ouro e interexaminadores foi avaliada por meio do Índice Kappa. RESULTADOS: a concordância na avaliação intraexaminador foi quase perfeita, com Índice Kappa 0,85. A concordância entre os examinadores e o Padrão-Ouro foi moderada (Kappa 0,48), sendo mais alta no Padrão I (Kappa 0,62) e mais baixa no Padrão Face Curta (Kappa 0,33). A concordância entre os examinadores foi substancial (Kappa 0,61), mais alta que a concordância com o Padrão-Ouro em todos os Padrões. CONCLUSÃO: os critérios utilizados pelos examinadores para determinação do Padrão Facial foram os mesmos na primeira e na segunda avaliação. A concordância entre os examinadores e o Padrão-Ouro é moderada, e eles apresentam maior concordância entre si que com o Padrão-Ouro.
Resistência ao cisalhamento de braquetes metálicos utilizando sistema adesivo autocondicionante
Authors: Melgaço Camilo Aquino , Andrade Graciele Guerra de , Araújo Mônica Tirre de Souza , Nojima Lincoln Issamu
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento de braquetes metálicos colados com sistema autocondicionante utilizado imediatamente e após 2, 5 e 9 dias depois da ativação e armazenagem. MÉTODOS: utilizaram-se 64 dentes bovinos divididos igualmente em quatro grupos e devidamente preparados para receber a colagem dos braquetes. Em T1, realizou-se a ativação de 7 blisters de adesivos autocondicionantes (de acordo com as normas do fabricante) e procedeu-se à colagem imediata apenas dos braquetes do grupo I. Os adesivos ativados foram, então, armazenados à temperatura de 4ºC e reutilizados em períodos de 2 dias (T2), 5 dias (T3) e 9 dias (T4) para a colagem dos braquetes dos grupos II, III e IV, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: não se observou diferença estatística quando comparados os valores médios de tensão para resistência ao cisalhamento entre os grupos I, II e III. Entretanto, diferença estatística foi encontrada quando esses valores foram comparados aos do grupo IV. CONCLUSÃO: o armazenamento do adesivo autocondicionante depois de ativado, à temperatura média de 4ºC, por até 5 dias, parece não afetar os resultados quanto às tensões de resistência ao cisalhamento; novos estudos são necessários para avaliação das demais características do material quando de sua utilização por período de tempo prolongado após sua ativação.
A method for the analysis of soil slips triggered by rainfall
Authors: CONTE E. , TRONCONE A.
Published: November 2011

A method of practical interest is presented for the analysis of shallow landslides triggered by rain infiltration in unsaturated soils, such as soil slips or slab slides. The method combines an analytical solution to evaluate the change in pore water pressure due to rain infiltration whose rate is described by a general time-dependent function, and the infinite slope model to assess the occurrence of landslide due to a prescribed rainfall.
Development of building vulnerability functions in subsidence regions from analytical methods
Authors: SAEIDI A. , DECK O. , VERDEL T.
Published: November 2011

Ore and mineral extraction by underground mining often causes ground subsidence phenomena, and may induce severe damage to buildings. This paper develops vulnerability and fragility functions to assess building damage in the context of mining subsidence hazards, comparable to functions used for other hazards. These functions are based on existing analytical methods for damage assessment. They take into account both the uncertainty of the geometric and mechanical parameters of the building and the soil–structure interaction phenomena that may have a critical influence on the building loading. The present paper discusses the methodology used to determine these functions, and the analytical method for damage evaluation is described. The second part is a detailed application of the methodology for a masonry building with or without reinforcement, for which both vulnerability and fragility functions are calculated. Finally, vulnerability functions are tested and validated with a set of three subsidences that occurred in Lorraine (France) between 1996 and 1999.
Evaluation of the bone repair in defects grafted with hydroxyapatite and collagen membrane combined with laser therapy in rats
Authors: da Cunha Marcelo Rodrigues , Figueira Luanda de Abreu , Issa João Paulo Mardegan , Calzzani Ricardo Alexandre Junqueira , Ribeiro Daniele Cristina do Prado , Iatecola Amilton , Silva Pettian Mariane
Published: November 2011

Bone regeneration is the result of cellular events such as osteogenesis and neovascularization. However, implantation of autogenous grafts may be necessary in cases of bone mass loss due to high impact trauma. The disadvantages of the latter approach include morbidity of the donor area. Biomaterials represent an alternative for bone restoration. The most widely used compounds are collagen or hydroxyapatite membranes because of their biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Laser therapy has been applied in combination with these implants to accelerate bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of rat left tibial bone defects filled with hydroxyapatite or collagen membrane. Twenty rats were used. Surgical bone defects were created in the proximal third of the left tibia, and the animals were divided into four groups according to treatment: animals receiving hydroxyapatite implants (group H), animals receiving collagen implants (group C), animals treated with hydroxyapatite plus LLLT (group HL), and animals treated with collagen membrane plus LLLT (group CL). The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after surgery, and the bone samples were obtained for analysis. Histomorphometrical methods were used for new bone quantification. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Histological analysis showed the formation of new bone in the implant area with cortical aspect in groups. Bone neoformation was also demonstrated on radiographs as radiopacity of the hydroxyapatite granules and of the contour of the defects implanted with the collagen membrane. However, no significant difference for new bone formation was observed between the groups studied. The biomaterials used were presented good osteoconduction; however, the laser therapy protocol used was not adequate to accelerate the osteogenic process in the bone defect regeneration in the advanced bone healing process.
Nanostructured electrocatalysts immobilised on electrode surfaces and organic film templates
Authors: Mirkhalaf Fakhradin , Graves John
Published: November 2011

The development of new electrocatalysts with the aim of enhancing the rate of electrochemical reactions has been a long-term goal of electrochemists. In part, this is due to the great importance of electrocatalysts in energy generation and environmental concerns. In this review, various methods of the preparation of nanostructured electrocatalysts and their applications after attachment to the electrode surface are described. Diazonium chemistry has been extensively used for the preparation and attachment of nanostructured electrocatalysts and this review thus describes the recent developments and applications of this chemistry in electrocatalysis. The preparation of nanostructured electrocatalysts including grafted molecular films and metal nanoparticles physically adsorbed on electrode surfaces and those attached to the surface by molecular links using diazonium chemistry is reviewed. Two methods for the attachment of nanoparticles by simple physical adsorption and by electrochemical deposition on molecular films are described and the electrochemical response of nanostructured electrocatalysts for some of the most common electrochemical reactions is discussed.
Microbial influenced corrosion by thermophilic bacteria
Authors: Lata Suman , Sharma Chhaya , Singh Ajay
Published: November 2011

The present study was undertaken to investigate microbial influenced corrosion (MIC) on stainless steels due to thermophilic bacteria Desulfotomaculum nigrificans. The objective of the study was to measure the extent of corrosion and correlate it with the growth of the biofilm by monitoring the composition of its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The toxic effect of heavy metals on MIC was also observed. For this purpose, stainless steels 304L, 316L and 2205 were subjected to electrochemical polarization and immersion tests in the modified Baar’s media, control and inoculated, in anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to identify the chemicals present in/outside the pit. The results show maximum corrosive conditions when bacterial activity is highest, which in turn minimizes the amount of carbohydrate and protein along with the increase in the fraction of uronic acid in carbohydrate in EPS of the biofilm. However, although bacterial activity and corrosion rate decreases, the amount of biofilm components continue to increase. It is also observed that the toxicity of metals ions affect the bacterial activity and EPS production. It was observed that Desulfotomaculum sp. has the ability to biodegrade its own EPS.
Morphogenesis, volume and number of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) glandular trichomes, and their influence on alpha-acid accumulation in fresh bracts of hop cones
Authors: Srečec Siniša , Zechner-Krpan Vesna , Marag Sanja , Špoljarić Igor , Kvaternjak Ivka , Mršić Gordan
Published: November 2011

Morphogenesis, volume and number of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) glandular trichomes, and their influence on alpha-acid accumulation in fresh bracts of hop cones

The ESEM investigations revealed the morphogenesis of peltate glandular trichomes, which was divided into five phases. In phase one, new peltate glandular trichomes were initiated; in phase two, they were differentiated; in phase three trichomes grew vigorously; in phase four they were determined; in the fifth and final phase they came to maturity. Volume of glandular trichome during the different phases of morphogenesis varied from 0.25 × 10-2 mm3 in phase 1, to 1.95 × 10-2 mm3 in phase 5. More glandular trichomes are placed on the base of the adaxial side of bracts (average 7 mm-2) than on the base of abaxial side (average 5.8 mm-2). In this research, positive Spearman's rank order correlations were found between the average number of glandular trichomes and content of α-acids as well as between the average volume of glandular trichomes and content of α-acids.
Early Onset Eating Disorders in Male Adolescents: A Series of 10 Inpatients
Authors: Bayes Adam , Madden Sloane
Published: November 2011

Objective: This case series aims to describe the demographic and clinical features of male inpatients with early onset eating disorders.

Method: Retrospective review was made of medical files of male patients treated for eating disorders at two children's hospitals over a 2 year period, with an onset of eating disorder before age 14 years, presenting for index admission. Demographic characteristics, DSM-IV diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment received were reviewed.

Results: Ten male patients with a median age of 12.8 years (range 10.2 to 13.5) were identified; three met the full criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) and four met all except the weight criterion. There was high psychiatric comorbidity: four with a major depressive episode, seven an anxiety disorder, three with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Seven engaged in over-exercise. Seven were treated with an antidepressant, and five with an atypical antipsychotic; six required nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding.

Conclusion: A minority of patients met full diagnostic criteria for AN, with many not meeting weight criteria despite medical instability. The main clinical features were food restriction, over-exercise and psychiatric comorbidity. Treatment with antidepressants, antipsychotics and NGT feeding was frequent. Future prospective studies could help identify gender-specific features as well as benefits and potential side effects of pharmacotherapy in this age group.
Consumer Participation in Service Evaluation and Quality Improvement: Key Ingredients for a System to Deliver National Indicators
Authors: Oakley Karen , Malins Gillian , Riste Louisa , Allan John
Published: November 2011

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to describe the fundamental components of a system to ensure consumer participation in mental health service evaluation and quality improvement.

Conclusions: The seven fundamental components identified provide the basis for a system to deliver national indicators for consumer participation in quality improvement under the National Health Performance domain of “responsiveness to consumers”. The MH-CoPES Framework satisfies these criteria and may be drawn upon as the basis for developing local systems for consumer participation in quality improvement within mental health services.
Hospital Admissions for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in NSW, 1997 to 2010
Authors: Brakoulias Vlasios , Sara Grant
Published: November 2011

Objectives: To assess the characteristics of admissions to NSW hospitals with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Method: Assessment of administrative data from all NSW hospital admissions from 1997 to 2010.

Results: The average admission rate for a primary diagnosis of OCD was 1.5 per 100 000 population. This rate increased over the period assessed. OCD was much more common as a secondary diagnosis (6.1 per 100 000 population), often occurring with affective disorders in adults and other anxiety disorders in children. Adults admitted with OCD had an average length of stay of 24 days.

Conclusions: Although hospital admissions of patients with OCD are uncommon, the high rates of comorbidity and increasing rates of admission alert us to the significance of screening patients for OCD and being able to offer outpatient treatment.
Parents and Youth Justice
Authors: Hillian Doug , Reitsma-Street Marge
Published: November 2011

This article examines parents in the youth justice system, based on a conceptual analysis and a phenomenological inquiry of parents with a son convicted of crimes in the youth justice system of a district in Western Canada. The difficult task of parenting a young offender is made more onerous by the societal tendency to blame parents or ignore their need for support; yet policies and practices expect parents to be the primary sources of supervision, care, and rehabilitation of youth in difficulty. The findings chronicle parental experiences of stress and loss and the hard work parents do to respond to the difficult and contradictory expectations of the youth justice system. Even when they did "all the right things" parents encountered systemic injustices and exclusion from meaningful participation in important decisions that affected their sons and themselves. The discussion explores implications, taking parental experiences into account, and proposes systemic changes, based on a community change approach to youth justice, to facilitate enhanced parental support and empowerment.
La théorie de l'abusé-abuseur en délinquance sexuelle: Qui dit vrai?
Authors: Pellerin Bruno , St-Yves Michel , Guay Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2011

L' étude vise à comparer des délinquants sexuels qui affirment avoir été abusés sexuellement dans le passé (n = 137) avec des délinquants sexuels qui ne rapportent aucune victimisation sexuelle (n = 141). Les résultats montrent que les délinquants-victimes sont plus nombreux à avoir été exposés à des modéles familiaux inadéquats, à avoir manifesté certains troubles du comportement avant l'âge de 18 ans et à avoir des antécédents judiciaires pour des crimes sexuels. Ils ont également connu une vie sexuelle plus précoce et se considèrent moins compétents sur le plan sexuel que les délinquants-non victimes. Malgré les différences observées entre les deux groupes de délinquants sexuels, des analyses de covariance révèlent que les troubles du comportement et le développement sexuel sont davantage influencés par l' exposition à des modèles familiaux inadéquats que par la victimisation sexuelle. De plus, qu'ils aient été victimes ou non, les délinquants sexuels de notre étude présentent plusieurs points en commun. Ces similitudes semblent d'ailleurs jouer un rôle plus important que la victimisation sexuelle dans le développement de la délinquance sexuelle et, par conséquent, méritent plus d'attention des chercheurs et des cliniciens.
The Burden of Innocence: Coping with a Wrongful Imprisonment
Authors: Campbell Kathryn , Denov Myriam
Published: November 2011

There has been a recent surge of interest in the topic of wrongful conviction in Canada. Most of the research, however, has focused on the many factors that contribute to the problem. Those most affected by these miscarriages of justice - the wrongly convicted themselves - have been largely ignored. This study sought to reveal, through in-depth interviews, the voices and experiences of five wrongly convicted Canadians, as they spoke about wrongful arrest, imprisonment, and release. The respondents reported that during arrest they were victims of tunnel vision and institutional misconduct. They made use of several highly adaptive coping strategies while wrongly imprisoned, including cooperation, withdrawal, preoccupation with exoneration, and rejection of the label criminal. Maintaining innocence while incarcerated entailed notable consequences, which included being perceived by the prison administration to be at high risk of recidivism. Furthermore, given their continual affirmation of their innocence, respondents suffered uncertainty over their release date. Finally, they reported problems following their release, including intolerance of injustice and a desire for compensation. These findings point to the importance of including the experiences of the wrongly convicted in future criminal justice policy and practice considerations.
The Need for Comprehensive Crime Prevention Planning: The Case of Motor Vehicle Theft
Authors: Linden Rick , Chaturvedi Renuka
Published: November 2011

Most crime prevention programs are poorly planned and implemented, and therefore do little or nothing to prevent crime. Programs are typically fragmented, with little communication among the groups who share a common interest in reducing crime. Most programs operate in isolation rather than being linked to a broader community-wide prevention strategy. Communities that have been able to make meaningful reductions in crime rates have done so by taking a comprehensive approach to crime prevention in which they implement an integrated series of programs that coordinate the efforts of a broad range of partners and participants. To be comprehensive and effective, crime prevention programs must analyse the crime problems in their community context, involve a broad group of people and organizations, consider a diverse range of prevention strategies, carefully implement the programs most suited to a particular community, and assess the results. This article illustrates how this process can be applied to the prevention of motor vehicle theft.