bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Wear Modes in Orthogonal Milling of 15-5PH Stainless Steel
Authors: David Tom , Methon Grégory , M’Saoubi Rachid , Girinon Mathieu , Rech Joël , Courbon Cédric
Published: April 2021

Tool wear remains of high interest for industry, as it influences process costs and part’s surface integrity. Although experimental and analytical investigations have been the main ways to investigate wear, the growing development of computational power enables predicting tool wear based on chip formation simulations. If this has been quite successful in turning, developments in milling are still limited due to the specific nature of this machining operation characterized by an interrupted cutting process leading to mechanical and thermal cyclic loadings onto the cutting tool. Wear modes are often not well characterized and become even more difficult to model as far as hard to machine material such as martensitic stainless steels are concerned. The present work propose to investigate wear in orthogonal milling of a 15-5PH martensitic stainless steel. An experimental campaign is first performed to identify the wear modes when cutting this material with uncoated and coated carbide tools. Milling forces, tool wear and material transfer are especially studied. A multi-scale numerical procedure is then developed by combining an Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) thermomechanical model to a pure thermal sub-model in order to predict the thermomechanical loadings withstood by the tool. The thermal sub-model is applied at the scale of the coating in order to extract the thermal gradients generated by the interrupted cutting. These loadings are finally compared to the reported wear modes to identify a correlation and improve their understanding.
A Tool Tuning Approximation Method: Exploration of the System Dynamics and its Impact on Milling Stability when Amending Tool Stickout
Authors: Bertelsen Nikolai , Alphinas Robert A. , Ørskov Klaus Bonde
Published: April 2021

The shortest possible tool stickout has been the traditional go-to approach with expectations of increased stability and productivity. However, experimental studies at Danish-Advanced-Manufacturing-Research-Center (DAMRC) have proven that for some tool stickout lengths, there exist local productivity optimums when utilizing the Stability Lobe Diagrams for chatter avoidance. This contradicts with traditional logic and the best practices taught to machinists. This paper explores the vibrational characteristics and behaviour of a milling system over the tool stickout length. The experimental investigation has been conducted by tap testing multiple endmills where the tool stickout length has been varied. For each length, the modal parameters have been recorded and mapped to visualize behavioural tendencies. The insights are conceptualized into a tool tuning approximation solution. It builds on an almost linear change in the natural frequencies when amending tool stickout, which results in changed positions of the Chatter-free Stability Lobes. Validation tests on the tool tuning approximation solution have shown varying success of the solution. This outlines the need for further research on the boundary conditions of the solution, to understand at which conditions the tool tuning approximation solution is applicable.
On the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of type 316 austenitic stainless steel during ingot to billet conversion process
Authors: Paquette Arthur , Rahimi Salah , Violatos Ioannis , Langlois Laurent , Dumont Christian , Blaizot Jérôme , Rosochowska Malgorzata , Bigot Régis
Published: April 2021

Manufacturing high value components involves complex and non-linear thermo-mechanical processes to obtain optimum combination of microstructure and mechanical properties required for the final part. Among these, the ingot-to-billet conversion process, involving forging operations of upsetting and cogging, are critical to refine the as-cast coarse, elongated, and dendritic microstructure. In this study, the first stage of the ingot-to-billet conversion process has been investigated in type 316 austenitic stainless steel, aiming to propose a novel methodology for the characterisation of the as-cast material behaviour. Hot upsetting tests were carried out on cylindrical samples taken out from an industrial-scale ingot. The resulted microstructures were analysed, using advanced image analysis method, for the fraction and distribution of the recrystallised grains, highlighting the strong dependency of recrystallisation behaviour on the initial microstructure of the as-cast material. Using a finite element (FE) model considering the anisotropic behaviour of the material, originated from the preferential grain growth during casting, the deformation of the samples were predicted with a good accuracy. The results demonstrate the importance of considering the anisotropic plastic properties in the FE models to effectively predict the as-cast material deformation, shape and thus the thermo-mechanical characteristics applied during forging.
Bonding of similar AA3105 aluminum alloy by Accumulative Roll Bonding process
Authors: El Mehtedi Mohamad , Lai Daniele , Almehtedi Rayane , Carta Mauro , Buonadonna Pasquale , Aymerich Francesco
Published: April 2021

Accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) is a novel plastic straining process aimed at bonding of similar and dissimilar metal combinations. Moreover, it is used recently to produce ultrafine grain materials and metal matrix reinforced composites to enhance mechanical, electrical, and corrosion resistance properties. This work presents an experimental study of roll bonding and accumulative roll bonding of similar AA3105 aluminum alloy at 300°C with a final thickness of 1.2 mm, focusing especially on bond strength evaluation and layers continuities. Tensile tests and three-points bending were performed to mechanical characterize the produced sheets in the various steps and based on the number of the cycles. The maximum strength was reached after 3 ARB cycles. After 4 cycles, the bonding interfaces have a uniform distribution through the sheet thickness, it is possible to distinguish only the interface formed in the last pass in the fracture surface, and no significant enhancement in strength was observed. Starting from 2 ARB cycles, micro-cracks were observed at the outer surface for bending angles greater than 90 deg, and at 180 deg all ARBed samples except A1 were failed.
Numerical evaluation of forging process designs of a hybrid co-extruded demonstrator consisting of steel and aluminium.
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Wester Hendrik , Petersen Tom , Uhe Johanna , Büdenbender Christoph , Peddinghaus Julius , Chugreeva Anna
Published: April 2021

Multi-material solutions represent a promising approach for the production of load-optimised parts. The combination of material-specific advantages of different materials in a single component allows the fulfilment of conflicting requirements e.g. high performance and low weight. Fabrication of hybrid components is challenging due to the dissimilar properties of the individual materials and requires the development of suitable manufacturing technologies. The present paper deals with the simulation-based design of a forming process for the production of a suspension control arm consisting of steel and aluminium. With the focus on material flow, two forming concepts, open-die and closed-die forging, were investigated, in order to ensure the required material distribution similar to the final part. In addition, a tool analysis was carried out to avoid thermo-mechanical overload of the tool system. It was found that the required material distribution can be achieved with both forming concepts. However, a closed-die forging concept is not suitable because of the high stresses in the forging dies exceed the tool steel’s strength.
Computational Insights into Intramolecular Cross-Coupling of Quaternary Borate Salts
Authors: Matz Florian , Music Arif , Didier Dorian , Jagau Thomas C.
Published: April 2021

Cross-coupling reactions for C-C bond formation represent a cornerstone of organic synthesis. In most cases, they make use of transition metals, which has several downsides. Recently, metal-free alternatives relying on electrochemistry have gained interest. One example of such a reaction is the oxidation of tetraorganoborate salts that initiates aryl-aryl and aryl-alkenyl couplings with promising selectivities. This work investigates the mechanism of this reaction computationally using density functional and coupled-cluster theory. Our calculations reveal a distinct difference between aryl-alkenyl and aryl-aryl couplings: While C-C bond formation occurs irreversibly and without an energy barrier if an alkenyl residue is involved, many intermediates can be identified in aryl-aryl couplings. In the latter case, intramolecular transitions between reaction paths leading to different products are possible. Based on the energy differences between these intermediates, we develop a kinetic model to estimate product distributions for aryl-aryl couplings.
Towards an Atomistic Understanding of Polymorphism in Molecular Solids
Authors: Sauza-de la Vega Arturo , Duarte Leonardo J. , silva arnaldo , Skelton Jonathan , Rocha-Rinza Tomás , Popelier Paul
Published: April 2021

Many chemical phenomena are ultimately due to energy balances between atoms. In order to reach firm and clear conclusions one needs a reliable energy decomposition analysis (EDA). The Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) energy partitioning method is one of the most recent EDA methods. IQA is a topological energy partitioning that generates well-defined intra- and interatomic contributions, of steric, electrostatic or covalent (exchange) character. IQA has a minimal and powerful architecture and does not suffer from a number of conceptual and practical problems that plague the more traditional non-topological EDAs (Chem. Soc. Rev., 44 (2015) 3177).

For the first time, our manuscript reports on a protocol for using the IQA to understand polymorphism, which we apply to the three polymorphs of succinic acid (SA), including the unusual polymorph that was recently discovered serendipitously (CrystEngComm, 20 (2018) 3971). The many intra- and interatomic energy terms from the EDA scheme are processed using a new technique that we developed called the Relative Energy Gradient (REG) method, which clearly identifies the atoms and corresponding energetic terms that govern the behaviour of the total system, in a minimal and unbiased way.
Regioselective and Water-Promoted Surface Esterification of Never-Dried Cellulose Fibers Towards Nanofibers with Adjustable Surface Energy
Authors: Beaumont Marco , Otoni Caio G. , Mattos Bruno D. , Koso Tetyana V. , Abidnejad Roozbeh , Zhao Bin , Kondor Anett , W. T. King Alistair , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: April 2021

A new regioselective route is introduced for surface modification of biological colloids in the presence of water. Taking the case of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), we demonstrate a site-specific (93% selective) reaction between the primary surface hydroxyl groups (C6-OH) of cellulose and acyl imidazoles. CNFs bearing C6-acetyl and C6-iso-butyl groups, with a degree of substitution up to 1 mmol·g–1 were yielded upon surface esterification, affording nanofibers of adjustable surface energy. The morphological and structural features of the nanofibers remained largely unaffected, but the regioselective surface reactions enabled tailoring of interfacial interactions, as demonstrated in oil/water Pickering emulsions. Our method precludes the need for drying or solvent exchange to organic solvents for surface esterifications, which are otherwise demanded in the fabrication of esterified colloids and polysaccharides and can be potentially implemented into reactive extrusion and compounding of high-solid content colloids. The proposed acylation is expected to open new and sustainable approaches that benefit from the presence of water and the high selectivity.
A P(V)-Platform for Oligonucleotide Synthesis
Authors: Baran Phil , Knouse Kyle W. , Huang Yazhong , Qiu Shenjie , hao wei , Padial Natalia , Vantourout Julien , Zheng Bin , Mercer Stephen , Lopez Javier , Narayan Rohan , Olson Richard , Blackmond Donna , Eastgate Martin , Schmidt Mike , Mcdonald Ivar
Published: April 2021

The early promise of gene-based therapies is currently being realized at an accelerated pace with over 155 active clinical trials for antisense compounds and multiple FDA-approved oligonucleotide therapeutics. Fundamental advances in this area are vital and present an unprecedented opportunity to both address disease states that have been resistant to other common modalities and improve the significant sustainability challenges associated with production of these complex molecules on a commercial scale. The advent of phosphoramidite coupling chemistry and solid-phase synthesis 40 years ago democratized oligonucleotide synthesis to the scientific community, paving the way for many of these stunning developments. The reliability and generality of this approach for the preparation of native phosphate-diesters is attributed to the high reactivity of phosphorus when in the P(III)-oxidation state versus the desired P(V), as it enables rapid P-heteroatom bond formation. However, the growing demand for more diverse phosphorus-based linkages has challenged the limits of this technology. For example, the phosphorothioate (PS) linkage, which stabilizes oligonucleotides towards nuclease cleavage, is universally employed in current oligonucleotide therapeutics but is generally incorporated in racemic form. Stereodefined PS oligonucleotides may have desirable biological and physical properties but are accessed with difficulty using phosphoramidite chemistry. Here we report a flexible and efficient [P(V)]-based platform that can install a wide variety of phosphate linkages at will into oligonucleotides. This approach uses readily accessible reagents and can efficiently install not only stereodefined or racemic thiophosphates, but can install any combination of (S, R or rac)-PS with native phosphodiester (PO2) and phosphorodithioate (PS2) linkages into DNA and other modified nucleotides. Importantly this platform easily accesses this diversity under a standardized coupling protocol with sustainably prepared, stable, P(V) reagents.
Особенности гормонального профиля пациенток с различными нозологическими вариантами дисгормональных заболеваний молочных желез в сравнении со здоровыми женщинами
Authors: Чайка В. К. , Ласачко С. А.
Published: April 2021

Цель данного исследования — изучение некоторых особенностей гормонального профиля у пациенток с дисгормональными заболеваниями молочных желез (ДЗМЖ) репродуктивного возраста.Нами были обследованы 1057 пациенток с ДЗМЖ, которые соответствовали критериям включения/исключения. Пациентки были разделены на четыре группы в соответствии с нозологической формой заболевания молочных желез. Контрольную группу составили 147 условно здоровых женщин. Выполняли сбор анамнеза, ультразвуковое исследование молочных желез и ЩЖ, определение ряда гормонов (тиреотропный, свободные фракции тироксина и трийодтиронина, пролактин, гипофизарные и яичниковые гормоны) в сыворотке крови.После проведения целенаправленного скрининга в группах пациенток с ДЗМЖ доля патологии ЩЖ оказалась чрезвычайно высокой — 72,00%, что существенно выше (в 5 раз) в сравнении с контролем (р<0,001). Проведение углубленного обследования у пациенток с ДЗМЖ увеличило данный показатель в 3,8 раза по сравнению с данными, полученными только при сборе анамнеза.В группах пациенток с ДЗМЖ выявлен целый ряд достоверных отличий гормонального профиля в сравнении со здоровыми женщинами.Полученные результаты подтверждают существенную роль в патогенезе всех нозологических форм ДЗМЖ патологических изменений и нарушения функции ЩЖ, гиперпролактинемии, относительной и абсолютной гиперэстрогении и недостаточности лютеиновой фазы.На основании полученных данных считаем обоснованным и целесообразным проведение обследования состояния и функции ЩЖ, уровня пролактина, эстрадиола и прогестерона в лютеиновую фазу цикла в качестве скрининга для этой категории пациенток. Такое обследование позволит составить представление об индивидуальной патогенетической картине гормональных нарушений у каждой пациентки, и, соответственно, в дальнейшем провести коррекцию этих нарушений.
Эндоскопическая полипэктомия пищевода у детей
Authors: Чепурной М. Г. , Хоронько Ю. В. , Кивва А. Н. , Ковалев М. В. , Пискунов К. П.
Published: April 2021

Авторами проведён анализ хирургического лечения полипов абдоминального отрезка пищевода у 52 детей в условиях отделения эндоскопии больницы № 20 г. Ростова-на-Дону за 20-летний период (2000–2019 гг.). Основным симптомом заболевания была дисфагия (79%). Под наркозом выполняли эндоскопическую полипэктомию с помощью диатермокоагуляции с последующим укрытием дефекта стенки пищевода клипированием краёв слизистой оболочки. Доброкачественный характер полипов подтверждён гистологически. Рецидивов заболевания не отмечено.
Perceptions of Girls’ Math Abilities
Authors: Cameron Barb , Harkins Mary Jane , Mason Stephanie
Published: April 2021

Teaching mathematics to young girls often invokes perceptions around inherent ability, gender, and influences that contribute to a gap between boys and girls with regard to math achievement. Moreover, lived teaching experiences indicate that there is a strong affective component to students’ encounters in schools, which may affect children’s perceptions of their capabilities. The authors address intersecting issues that interact with gender inequalities surrounding girls and mathematics: math self-concepts, gender stereotypes, parental involvement, and influences from teachers and curriculum. In this paper, stories about teaching girls from a mathematics teacher’s perspective are interwoven with research literature to strengthen recommendations for change in the areas of gender, teacher education, STEM careers, and intersectional understanding.
An overview of the guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography 2020: what’s new?
Authors: Babkina T.M. , Smyrnova G.S. , Polishchuk O.V. , Hladka L.Yu.
Published: April 2021

Quantitative assessment of cavities and heart function is the most common task of echocardiography (EchoCG). It is difficult to overestimate the importance of standardizing EchoCG measurements, because their results influence clinical decisions. In January 2015, the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, published an update Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults. Since then, the results of new research using obtained prospective data, on the basis of which in February 2020 the British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) released a new guide. The authors of the recommendations set the goal of creating a simple, practical reference document and guide for everyday use that encourage the holistic interpretation of measurements (no single number should define normality or pathology). Based on these data, we considered the rational component of the updated recommendations, focused on important conceptual changes in the assessment of heart structure and function, provided new terminology for left ventricular function and left atrial size, and a new approach in assessing aortic root, right heart and left atrium. The BSE recommends obtain left ventricular dimensions from the parasternal long-axis window preferentially using 2D imaging. Aortic dimensions should be obtained using the “inner-edge to inner-edge” technique in end-diastole. The BSE suggests that for those Echocg labs that currently use the “leading-edge to leading-edge” technique, it is reasonable to continue doing so for continuity and consistency.
Enriching the content of foreign medical students’ independent work by on-line courses on the edX platform
Authors: Gura O.I. , Ragrina Z.M.
Published: April 2021

The article explores the benefits of using computer technology in the educational process and emphasizes their ability to increase the motivation of foreign medical students to study. Using the latest technologies in the educational process is a demand of time. Intensifying the interest to the discipline and improving the quality and level of knowledge of students is the purpose of such using. The necessity and importance of on-line education at the current stage of society development is substantiated. Using effective techniques and methods of online learning, creating a variety of online courses, engaging students in an independent creative process – this is the optimal way to update the internal reserves of the educational process. The role of students' independent work in the educational process is determined. It is moticed that the independent work of students requires the same organization and methodological support as the traditional class work. The peculiarities of the content of independent work of foreign medical students are revealed and their communicative needs are determined. In accordance with the subjects of the educational programs for specialists in the field of knowledge 22 "Health care", specialty 222 "Medicine" and according to the communication needs, EDX on-line platform was selected and created for creating and implementing online special courses for independent work of foreign students at different stages of study. The structure of individual online special courses is analyzed, the purpose, tasks and results of each of them are highlighted. The subject, distribution of classes, structure, linguistic, speech and communication material of the on-line special course "Introduction to the specialty: scientific speech" are characterized. The specificity, orientation, purpose and specifics of the task of the on-line special course "Professional communication: doctor – patient" are revealed. The conclusions about the necessity and appropriateness of the application of the specified online special courses in the process of preparation of foreign students in medical institutions of higher education.
The effect of stress on the hematological indicators of rats Rattus Norvegicus F. Domesticus in the conditions of the biological experiment
Authors: Shevchyk L.O. , Kravets N.Ya. , Grod I.M.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the work was the need to study the change in weight and hematological indicators of the rats as a reaction-response to being in difficult and unfavorable experimental conditions. The biological experiment was conducted in compliance with the normative conditions of keeping the rats, in accordance with ethical standards and recommendations for humanization of work with laboratory animals. In order to accomplish these tasks, rats were divided into two groups: control rats were housed in a spacious cage with comfortable living conditions and experimental animals were housed in a small cage with limited ability to move freely. For the purity of the experiment, the feed ration of animals of two groups was the same. Weight and hematological indicators were determined by conventional methods in physiology. It has been found that improper housing conditions, causing a stressful situation adversely affect the eating activity of the test animals, which explains the weak correlation of the dynamics of the weight of the animals in the control and experimental groups. The analysis of the absolute mass of the internal organs of rats showed their direct dependence on body weight and the correlation of these parameters between animals of both groups. The study found that the quantitative ratios of the main hematological parameters of each of the rodents are strictly different. The tendency to increase of the investigated parameters in the experimental group in comparison with the control one is symptomatic and can be explained by sympathetic-vegetative influences. The amount of hemoglobin is directly correlated with the number of red blood cells. Comparison of the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes with body weight showed inversely proportional relationship between them. The persistent predominance of leukocytes in the blood of rats in both groups is likely to genetically determined.
Cerebral hemispheres – cerebellum – kidney interaction in patients with acute cerebral ischemia
Authors: Kononets O.M. , Tkachenko O.V. , Kamenetska O.O.
Published: April 2021

The nervous system, in particular the autonomic one, is well known to constantly regulate the internal functioning of the body, adapting it to changeable external and internal environmental parameters. In particular, there is a close multiple-vector correlation between the nervous system and the kidneys. The aim of this study was to specify the mechanisms, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the concomitant lesions of the nervous system and the kidneys in patients with acute stroke. This paper presents the case report of 215 patients, aged 70 ± 8.44, who suffered from ischemic stroke. Among them, we examined 144 women and 71 men. The patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including a detailed clinical and neurological check-up (evaluating the patients’ condition severity with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Barthel index on admission and on the 21st day of the disease), laboratory analysis (electrolyte balance, nitrogen metabolism (on admission and on the 21st day of the disease) and instrumental examination (CT scan of the brain, the follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging). The statistical methods were used to analyze the data. In the 1st day of the disease, all the surveyed patients with right hemispheric carotid stroke and the overwhelming majority of the patients with left hemispheric carotid stroke and ischemic stroke in the vertebrobasilar system had cerebral renal syndrome, represented by renal concentration-filtration dysfunction, accompanied by the reduced glomerular filtration rate. A reliable relationship was found between the renal concentration and filtration function and the right hemispheric ischemic focus in patients with ischemic stroke, the characteristics are to be specified.
Sarcopenia as a predictor of postoperative complications in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kopchak V.M. , Pererva L.O. , Shkarban V.P. , Trachuk V.I. , Lynnyk S.V.
Published: April 2021

Several studies showed that sarcopenia is associated with an increase of postoperative complications, with worse postoperative results in patients with pancreatic cancer. According to European Working Group on Sarcopenia, it is a "progressive and generalized skeletal muscle loss" characterized by both loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength (Cruz-Jentoft AJ et al., 2019). Aim of our work was to evaluate the effect of sarcopenia on the occurrence of postoperative complications after pancreatic resections in patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer. We performed a retrospective analysis of treatment of 152 patients who underwent radical pancreatic resections. Sarcopenia was determined by preoperative computed tomography using the Hounsfield Unit Average Calculation (HUAC). In our investigation we measured the psoas area and density (Hounsfield Units) at the level of the third lumbar vertebral body (L3). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 66 (43.4%) patients. Among patients with sarcopenia complications occurred in 41 (62.1%), mortality was 4 (6.1%). In the group of patients without sarcopenia, complications occurred in 29 (33.7%) of 86 patients, mortality was 2 (2.3%). The level of postoperative complications in patients with sarcopenia was significantly higher (c2 =12.1, p=0.0005). Postoperative mortality in patients with sarcopenia was higher without significant difference (c2 =1.3, p=0.24). Sarcopenia significantly affects the level of postoperative complications and its detection can be used to improve the selection of patients before pancreatic resections in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Prognosis of cellular energy metabolism shifts in adolescents with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Zubarenko O.V. , Stoieva T.V. , Koval L.I. , Kopiyka G.K. , Papinko R.M.
Published: April 2021

Pneumonia is one of the most severe respiratory pathology forms in children, which contributes significantly to infant mortality. The high risk of chronic bronchopulmonary process and child`s disability, in case of severe and complicated disease, requires careful pathophysiological change's analysis in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. In particular, for the prediction of these disorders in children with CAP are important the dysmetabolic phenomena study and the specific approaches development. The immediate aim of this work is to study the cellular energy metabolism (CEM) features and to develop approaches for the early bioenergetic disorders diagnostics in conditions of community-acquired pneumonia in adolescents.The aim of the study is to develop approaches for the early diagnosis of shifts in energy metabolism in children aged 14-18 years with CAP. An examination of 41 children aged 14-16 years with the definition of CEM indicators was conducted in order to develop an approach for predicting CEM disorders in community-acquired pneumonia using the method of logistic regression. A logistic regression method was used to develop a method for predicting CEM disorders in children with CAP. The characteristics of CEM in children with CAP were determined. A decrease in the succinate dehydrogenase activity and an increase in the lactate dehydrogenase / succinate dehydrogenase ratio in children with CAP relative to the reference parameters were observed, which indicated an inhibition of the anaerobic energy synthesis pathway. Two mathematical models for predicting CEM disorders in CAP based on logistic regression equations were proposed. The first mathematical model consisted of social and health characteristics and of pneumonia clinical course characteristics. In ROC analysis the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.82, diagnostic specificity – 71%, diagnostic sensitivity – 90%. The second model included only hematological parameters, AUC – 0.78, diagnostic specificity – 69%, diagnostic sensitivity – 81%. Thus, changes in CEM in children with CAP aged 14 – 18 years have been established. Two methods for predicting disorders of CEM in children with CAP have been developed, which can be applied to optimize the treatment of children with CAP aged 14-18 years.
The role of human β-defensin 2 (HbD-2) and cathelicidin (LL-37) in the local protection of the upper respiratory tract in children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma
Authors: Bolbot Yu.K. , Bordiі T.A. , Vilenskyi Ya.V.
Published: April 2021

Allergic diseases of the respiratory system seriously affect the psychological, physical and social aspects of the live of sick children, morally and financially exhausting members of their families as well. It is known that exacerbations of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract occur due to interaction with numerous triggers, one of which is a respiratory viral infection. At the same time, it is widely known that patients with allergic respiratory diseases are more prone to to acute respiratory infections. One of the reasons for this tendency often is an insufficient activity of non-specific factors of local immunity of the respiratory system – endogenous amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides, in particular the most studied their representatives - the family of defensins and human cathelicidin. Current research proves that these antimicrobial peptides are characterized by broad antiviral, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. The aim of this study was to study the concentrations of local immune factors - human HbD-2 and LL-37 - in the secretion of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis and to clarify their role in protection against respiratory viral infections in this contingent of patients. We performed laboratory and clinical examinations of 76 children aged 7 to 18 years, of whom 24 were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, 28 children - bronchial asthma, and 24 - bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The control group consisted of 20 healthy children of the appropriate sex and age. In addition to general clinical methods, patterns of respiratory morbidity were analyzed and concentrations of antimicrobial peptides were determined: by ELISA human cathelicidin (LL-37), β-defensin 2 (HbD-2) in the secretion of the upper respiratory tract, statistical analysis was performed. It was found that children with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract are characterized by a higher frequency of acute respiratory infections with more frequent involvement of the lower respiratory tract, which led to an increase in the duration of the disease compared to their healthy peers. In children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, there was revealed a significant decrease in the concentrations of antimicrobial peptides in the secretion of the upper respiratory tract compared with the control group.
The use of extemporal dosage form with pyroctone olamine in the complex treatment of patients with seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Odintsova I.V. , Diudiun A.D.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of extemporal dosage form with pyroctone olamine in the local treatment of patients with seborrheic dermatitis. Under our supervision there were 78 patients with seborrheic dermatitis aged 18 to 57 years. The average age of the patients was 29.5±2.1 years. Comprehensive treatment of patients with seborrheic dermatitis in both groups depended on the severity of clinical manifestations, the duration of the disease, and information on the effectiveness of previous therapy. For external treatment of the main group of patients with seborrheic dermatitis, an extemporaneously prepared gel with pyrocton olamine was used. Local treatment of patients in the comparison group consisted of the appointment of 1% cream of clotrimazole. An analysis of the results shows good therapeutic, microbiological effectiveness and good tolerance of extemporaneously prepared gel with pyrocton olamine in the complex treatment of patients with seborrheic dermatitis. The period for resolving the clinical manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis among patients in the main group was 2.5±0.1 days shorter compared with patients in the comparison group. The intensity of clinical manifestations in patients with seborrheic dermatitis of the main group decreased twice on the second day of complex treatment. In control patients with comparative seborrheic dermatitis, similar therapeutic efficacy was achieved on the fourth to fifth day. Long-term results of the study showed that the recurrence of the disease among patients of the main group was 5 (6.4%), and in patients of in the comparison group was 14 (17.9%). Clinical studies have shown good therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of the extemporal gel with pyroctone olamine in the complex treatment of patients with seborrheic dermatitis, which gives reason to recommend this dosage form for wider use in the practice of dermatovenerologists.
Comparative evaluation of different types of anesthesia in surgical treatment of children with congenital defects
Authors: Vlasov О.О.
Published: April 2021

In pediatric anesthesiology in surgical interventions various methods of combined anesthesia with a combination of inhalation, regional, and intravenous anesthesia are used. The provision of high-quality anesthetic support in newborns and infants during surgical treatment of congenital defects is complicated by risk factors, concomitant diseases and different pathology conditions. The study of risk factors and their influence on the functional indices of the child's vital activity in prescribing anesthesia at all stages of the surgical intervention will help prevent complications and deaths in children. Aim – to сonduct a comparative assessment of various types of anesthesia for surgical correction of congenital defects in children and create a predictive model of the association of risk factors and deaths in the selected methods of anesthetic support. The retrospective study included 150 newborns and infants with congenital defects of the surgical profile depending on anesthesia (inhalation + regional anesthesia; inhalation + intravenous anesthesia and total intravenous). After identifying and evaluating prognostic variables by simple logistic regression with calculating the odds ratio, stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed and a predictive model of the association of risk factors and deaths with various types of anesthetic management was created. In thoracic operations a combined anesthesia with sevoran and fentanyl was most often used – 20.4%. In abdominal operations, in total anesthetic support with sevoran and regional anesthesia was used– 69.4%, while in urological operations combined total intravenous anesthesia with 2 drugs – 18.4% ranked first. No significant diffe­ren­ces were found between the types of anesthesia in various surgical interventions for congenital pathologies, between the types of surgery and deaths (p = 0.863). To prevent fatalities in various types of surgical intervention and options for anesthetic support of newborns and infants with congenital defects, it is advisable to more closely monitor the cerebral and peripheral oximetry indicators at all stages of treatment and timely correct the impaired condition of the child.
Institutional factors of accounting and analytical support of economic security management of enterprises
Authors: Олександр Михайлович Петрук  , Станіслав Ігорович Василішин
Published: April 2021

The aggravation of the crisis phenomena in the national economy and its further recovery are related to the management of the mechanisms to strengthen economic security, which should be based on the improved methodology of accounting and analytical support as the main source of the relevant and reliable information as to the risks of the business environment. The purpose of the research is to establish the institutional factors of accounting and analytical support of economic security management and justify their possible impact. The authors’ definition of economic security has been given and its place in the system of accounting and analytical support has been characterized. The spheres of the institutional influence on accounting and analytical support of economic security management and their manifestations have been determined. It has been assumed that the most fundamental factor that forms the foundation of economic security management on the basis of accounting and analytical support is the effectiveness and vector orientation of the system of strategic management of the enterprise, as the result of which the multidimensionality of accounting and analytical support in the process of strategic management has been characterized. Possible groups of factors that form economic security and the system of its accounting and analytical support have been considered. It has been established that accounting as a source to achieve trust, understanding and manageability of the economic environment and information support of the management processes embodies the features of an independent institution of socio-economic development. The decomposition of the institutional factor influence of accounting and analytical support of economic security management at the macro, meso and micro levels has been substantiated, which allows predicting the vector of changes and form a theoretical foundation for the development of the theory, methodology and organization of accounting and analytical support during the development of the measures to strengthen economic security of the enterprises.
Investigation of the functional state changes of cardio-vascular system in patients, suffering peritonitis
Authors: Bilyayeva O. O. , Karol I. V.
Published: April 2021

Objective. To study a functional state of cardio-vascular system in patients, suffering peritonitis.

Materials and methods. Analysis of dynamics in the electrocardiogram changes in 166 patients, including 84 women and 82 men, was conducted for studying of functional state of cardio-vascular system in extended peritonitis.

Results. Changes on electrocardiograms were non monotonous and depended on the peritonitis stage. In 28.3% patients diffuse changes in myocardium were observed, while in 43.9% - moderate. In 42.6% patients the disorders in metabolic processes in myocardium were revealed. Changes in conductivity and excitability were noted merely in half of the patients. Hypoxia was observed in 17.7% patients in reactive stage of peritonitis, in 32.0% - in a toxic, in 75.8% - in terminal. Tachycardia in a reactive stage of peritonitis was noted in 77.4% patients, in toxic one - in 89.3%, and in terminal - in 86.2% patients. In terminal stage of peritonitis in 13.8% patients bradycardia was noted. The blood supply disorders of various compartments of myocardium was revealed in 34.4% patients.

Conclusion. Functional changes of cardio-vascular system in patients depends on stage of peritonitis. In all the patients, suffering peritonitis, medicinal correction of the cardio-vascular system work must be conducted, while its intensity depends on stage of peritonitis.
Transanal hemorrhoidal desarterization under ultrasound rectodopplerometry control in surgical treatment of hemorrhoids
Authors: Nykonenko A. A. , Okhrimenko G. I. , Haidarzhi E. I. , Golovko N. G. , Zubryk I. V. , Grushka V. A. , Gurov T. V. , Aleksandrov A. S.
Published: April 2021

Objective. To study the immediate and late follow-up results of treatment in patients, suffering hemorrhoids, to whom transanal hemorrhoidal desarterization under ultrasound rectodopplerometry control was done, and to compare them with results of treatment in patients, operated in accordance to procedure of standard hemorrhoidectomy.

Materials and methods. There were analyzed the results of treatment of 111 patients, suffering hemorrhoids. The main group have consisted of 50 patients, to whom transanal hemorrhoidal desarterization under ultrasound rectodopplerometry control was performed. Into control group 61 patients were included, who were operated in accordance to Parks procedure.

Results. In the main group the average time of the operation have constituted (50.1 ± 1.4) min, the patient stationary stay - (9.9 ± 0.7) days, the pain syndrome intensity in postoperative period was estimated as 2 - 3 points, what have appeared significantly lesser, than in the control group of the patients (p < 0.01). Good late follow-up results were achieved in 100% patients of the main group and in 88% of the control group.

Conclusion. There was established, that transanal hemorrhoidal desarterization under ultrasound rectodopplerometry control permits to reduce essentially the average time of the operation, the patients’ stationary stay, to lower the pain syndrome intensity, and to improve late follow-up results of the hemorrhoids treatment.
Definite total radical resection in treatment of patients, suffering low-differentiated cancer of the bladder
Authors: Yakovlev P. G.
Published: April 2021

Objective. To determine the operative volume of surgical treatment in total radical resection of the bladder in autonomous regime and to estimate the survival indices in patients with low-differentiated cancer of the bladder depending on time of conduction of radical total resection of the bladder.

Materials and methods. Retrospectively 522 histories of the diseases were analyzed in the patients with diagnosis of low-differentiated cancer of the bladder, including 190, in whom radical total resection of the bladder was performed in 1998 - 2016 yrs period. The survival indices were determined. Using Kaplan-Meier method, comparative analysis of the survival indices in patients was done, to whom radical total resection or salvage resection of the bladder performed.

Results. Total radical resection of the bladder in autonomous regime was done in 24.7% patients with low-differentiated cancer of the bladder or in 67.9% patients, to whom total resection of the bladder was performed. The indices of total 3-, 5- and 10-yr survival of the patients have constituted 96, 93 and 45%, accordingly. The survival indices in the patients after organ-preserving treatment and further salvage total resection of the bladder for locally progression of cancer were better, than in the patients, to whom the treatment consisted of primary radical total resection of the bladder, but the difference have appeared statistically nonsignificant (p=0.286). Average period between conduction of organ-preserving treatment and salvage total resection of the bladder have constituted 34 mo.

Conclusion. Radical total resection of the bladder in autonomous regime constitutes the extended method of treatment of muscularly-invaded low-differentiated cancer of the bladder (performed in 24.7% of all the patients) and guarantees satisfactory late follow-up results while primary or postponed performance.
Information Technology Integration Perception on Ghanaian Distance Higher Education: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Qua-Enoo Albert Arthur , Bervell Brandford , Nyagorme Paul , Arkorful Valentina , Edumadze John K. E.
Published: April 2021

This study examined students’ perception on the integration of Information Technology (IT) in Ghanaian distance Education, and provided a comparative analysis of the levels of integration among public universities in Ghana. The research was conducted at the distance learning centres of the 4 major public universities, namely: University of Ghana (UG), University of Cape Coast (UCC), University of Education, Winneba (UEW) and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). Questionnaires were used to collect data from a sample of 297 students, using a cluster sampling technique and the data were analysed using One-Way ANOVA and chi-square statistics. The study showed that although computer literacy among distance learners was high, technology integration was low and varied among the institutions. Smart phones were the major internet access devices. The online learning tools for self-efficacy were vital to IT integration. Based on the gathered results, recommendations such as implementing a robust national IT infrastructure, among others, were provided for reflection by higher education institutions offering distance education in Ghana.
Australian pulps 1939–1959: You go high, we go low
Authors: Kells Stuart
Published: April 2021

Popular during the middle parts of the 20th century, pulp fiction novels and comics were produced in massive quantities by Australian publishers. Most were written by hacks and enthusiastic amateurs willing to sign contracts that demanded an incredibly high output of work. Pulp publications were cheaply made, formulaic and designed to be read quickly and then thrown away. Often noted for their lurid cover art and titillating titles, they satisfied an appetite for fast entertainment in the era before television. This book explores the pulp publishing scene in Australia from 1939 to 1959. It examines the circumstances that gave rise to this field of ‘low literature’; the major participants in it – publishers, authors and artists – and the different expressions of the pulp genre available to readers, including crime pulps, westerns, sci-fi, romance and ‘weird tales’. The book is vividly illustrated with covers from the author’s own collection of Australian pulp novelettes. It provides an introduction to an under-regarded and little known sphere of Australian publishing. It is a valuable record of the mostly overlooked Australian writers involved, and the distinctive conditions under which these cultural products were produced.