bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the Ohio River 1739 to 1749
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

To the south of what is now Canada, French military expeditions explored and mapped the Ohio River valley in the period 1739 to 1749. These expeditions were led by Le Moyne and Céleron (1739) and Céleron and Bonnécamps (1749). The map also shows
the extent of territory known to Europeans and the navigation of all exploration routes in the period 1651 to 1760. The historical names found on the map are derived from contemporaneous maps and written documents of the period.
Employment Growth 2001 - 2006 (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Between 2001 and 2006, total employment in Canada increased at an annual average rate of 1.7%, the fastest rate increase among the Group of Seven (G7) nations. Italy's growth rate of 1.2% was second followed by France and the United States of America.
Employment rose in every part of the country. Over the five years, the 1.7% annual average national employment growth rate was surpassed only in Alberta (2.9%) and British Columbia (2.1%) and the three territories. The map shows the employment growth rate between 2001 and 2006 by census
subdivision.
Earnings as a proportion of total income of households (by census division), 2005$
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2005, an estimated 18 201 000 people reported employment income (earnings), an increase of more than 1.5 million from five years ago. The national median earnings of persons 15 years and over was $26 850. These earnings were one component of household total
income. The national median income for 12 437 470 households in 2005 was $53 634 up 2.3% from 2000. The map shows by census division the proportion of total income derived from total earnings of households in 2005 constant dollars.
Dairy Cows by Census Division, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Dairy farming generated more than $3.9 billion in farm sales in 1997. Dairy farming is one of Canadas most important agricultural activities, ranking first in total farm sales in Quebec, Ontario, and Nova Scotia in 1997. Most of the dairy farms in Canada are in
Quebec (37%) and Ontario (33%). In 1996 there were 30 900 farms reporting over 1.2 million dairy cows, a dramatic drop since 1971, when approximately 145 000 farms reported 2.3 million dairy cows. Although the number of cows has steadily declined, milk production has continued to climb. In
the 1996 to 1997 dairy year, approximately 77.5 million hectolitres of milk were produced in Canada.
Consolidation of Knowledge in the Eastern Great Lakes 1634 to 1647
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In the period from 1634 to 1650, exploration in what is now Canada was largely carried out by Jesuit missionaries. Their findings consolidated European knowledge of the eastern Great Lakes. The map shows the routes of seven expeditions: Nicollet (1634), Bogaert
(1634 to 1635), Brébeuf and Chaumonot (1640 to 1641), Jogues and Raymbaut (1641), Jogues and Couture (1642), Druillettes (1646) and De Quen (1647). The map also shows the extent of territory known to Europeans in the period 1497 to 1650; and the navigation of all exploration routes during the
period of the penetration of the Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Bay from 1600 to 1650. The historical names found on the map are derived from contemporaneous maps and written documents of the period.
Commercial Land Use: Arterial Strips
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows how commercial activity is distributed within urban areas and the impact of commercial services on the urban landscape, by mapping what proportion of stores (hence jobs) in an urban area that are found in arterial strips. Arterial strips are those
through streets that are lined with retail and service activities catering to automobiles and their drivers: service stations and dealerships, fast food outlets and free-standing retailers. These areas developed during the last half of the 20th century, as new activities emerged to serve the
changing needs of suburban consumers. Planners try to bring them (and the traffic they generate) under control by supporting the development of planned shopping centres and/or industrial districts in competition. The distribution shows that the cities in Quebec have much higher proportions of stores
in this category than cities in Ontario. In contrast cities in western Canada have low proportions.
Climate Warming: Global Winter Precipitation Scenario: 2050
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

A simulation of projected changes in December to February precipitation from the period 1975 to 1995 to the period 2040 to 2060 is shown on this map. On average, precipitation increases, but it is not evenly distributed geographically. There are marked regions of
decreasing, as well as increasing precipitation, over both land and ocean. Annual average precipitation generally increases over northern continents, and particularly during the winter. Warmer surface temperature would speed up the hydrological cycle at least partially, resulting in faster
evaporation and more precipitation. The results are based on climate change simulations made with the Coupled Global Climate Model developed by Environment Canada.
Climate Warming - National Winter Temperature Scenario: 2050
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

A simulation of projected changes in the winter (December to February) temperatures from the period 1961 to 1990 to the period 2040 to 2060 for Canada is shown on this map. The temperature changes would not be evenly distributed geographically. The largest
warming projected is for the interior and northern parts of the country. Temperatures are projected to continue increasing as the century progresses. Temperatures would generally increase as a consequence of the projected increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The results are
based on climate change simulations made with the Coupled Global Climate Model developed by Environment Canada.
Climate Warming - National Summer Precipitation Scenario: 2050
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

A simulation of projected changes in summer (June to August) precipitation from the period 1961 to 1990 to the period 2040 to 2060 for Canada is shown on this map. Projected precipitation changes would not be evenly distributed geographically. Summer patterns
show regions with both increases and decreases in precipitation. Warmer surface temperature would speed up the hydrological cycle at least partially, resulting in faster evaporation and more precipitation. The results are based on climate change simulations made with the Coupled Global Climate Model
developed by Environment Canada.
Annual Mean Total Precipitation
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The map shows the annual mean total precipitation. Over much of the continental interior of Canada, precipitation reaches its annual maximum in the summer months and falls as rain. October marks the transition from mainly rain to snowfall across northern
Canada.
Aerodromes and Airports (2006)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The air transportation infrastructure consists of airports, aerodromes and the civilian Air Navigation System (ANS). There are approximately 1775 aerodromes in Canada. Aerodromes are facilities where aircraft can take-off and land. On the map, they are
categorized into three types of aerodromes: land airports and aerodromes (for rotary-wing or fixed-wing aircraft); water bases (for float planes); and heliports (for helicopters).
Permafrost
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Permafrost occurs when the ground remains at or below a temperature of 0oC for a minimum period of two years. Permafrost occurs not only at high latitudes but also at high altitudes. Almost all of the soil moisture in permafrost occurs in the form of ground ice,
which in turn occurs in several different forms. The quantity of ice in the ground varies widely. Permafrost and ground ice have had significant effects on the economic development of the North. It affects the energy and mining industries, as well as the construction of modern settlements and
infrastructure elements such as roads, railways, airfields, and utilities.
Borderlands - Eastern Physiographic Regions
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the location of the eastern physiographic regions which include the Appalachian Region and the St. Lawrence Lowlands.
Shield Physiographic Regions
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the location of the Shield physiographic regions. The Shield is divided into five great regions: Kazan Region, Davis Region, Hudson Region, James Region and Laurentian Region. Each of these five regions is divided by subareas, and each of these
subareas has its own geological characteristics.
Fire Danger Rating, 2009
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Fire danger rating is the process of systematically evaluating and integrating the factors that determine the ease of a fire starting and spreading, the difficulty of control, and the resulting impacts based on an assessment of ignition risk, the fire environment
(fuels, weather, and topography) and values at risk. The Atlas of Canada has mapped each year from 2001 to 2009 the daily forest fire danger ratings in partnership with the Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada. Only the forest fire danger rating for the last recorded day of fire danger
rating for the year 2009 has been archived. The original data from 2001 to 2009 are available from the Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada.
Major Landslides Causing Fatalities
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Landslides are the downslope movements of sediment and rock. They can be found in any part of Canada, even in areas with very little relief. They happen in bedrock or in loose sediment, on land or under water. They can be large or small, rapid or slow, and
generally occur without warning. This map depicts 45 landslides in Canada that have resulted in more than 600 fatalities in historical times (1840 - 2006).
Space Weather - Telluric Activity Zones
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The magnetic field of the Earth is influenced by the electromagnetic environment of the solar system. The disturbed interplanetary environment changes the conditions of the natural electromagnetic environment of our planet and affects normal operation of space
and ground technological infrastructures, such as power grids and pipelines. The geomagnetically induced currents that directly affect vulnerable infrastructure are driven by the geoelectric (telluric) field. Therefore, the most important task in space weather hazard mapping is to identify the areas
with different levels of telluric activity. On the map, telluric activity is defined as the annual percentage of the time when variations in the activity is above the normal level of 20 milliVolts per kilometre. Elevated telluric activity occurrs for a quarter of the year in the auroral zone,
whereas it varies from 15 percent (4.5 times per month) down to just a few percent (1 occurrence per two months) in the Prairies. It is interesting to note that most of the big cities in Canada, and therefore much of the infrastructure, are in the least tellurically active zone (less than 10
percent).
Protected Areas
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Protected areas are composed of land, freshwater and marine areas set aside through legislation to protect representative examples of Canadas ecosystems. They are created and managed by the federal, provincial and territorial governments. A small but increasing
number is also administered by Aboriginal governments and communities. Some protected areas are jointly managed by two or more administrations. While this map focuses on public and aboriginal protected areas, an increasing number of private lands are conserved by non-government organizations, such
as the Nature Conservancy of Canada. Federal, provincial or territorial and Aboriginal protected areas are grouped separately on this map to show their distribution throughout Canada in 2007. This map shows only the 1385 protected areas which are 10 square kilometres or
larger.
Late Summer Sea Ice Conditions
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Typical sea ice types are shown here at the end of the summer melt season, as well as how often sea ice has been present at any location on September 10 over the last 30 years . Based on the observations of sea ice extent and types over the last 30 years, this
map shows how frequently sea ice has been present and what is the most likely predominant ice type and where. Sea ice is any form of ice that is found at sea and has originated from the freezing of seawater. The ice type gives an indication of the thickness of sea ice such as new ice, grey ice,
grey-white ice, first year ice, and old ice. Ice represents a danger for navigation. Information on sea ice is essential in estimating transportation costs, and what type of vessel is appropriate. This map shows the typical sea ice types at the end of the summer melt season (September 10) as well as
frequency of sea ice on that date. The frequency of sea ice indicates how often sea ice has been present on September 10 over the last 30 years.
Relief
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada is a vast country comprised of a multitude of very different landscapes: Atlantic provinces, the Appalachians, St. Lawrence and Great Lakes lowlands, Canadian Shield, The Prairies, mountain ranges and high plateaus of the Canadian Cordillera, and northern
Canada.
The 37th Federal Election, 2000
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the results of the 37th Federal Election, November 27, 2000.
Age Structure, 2001 - Early Working Years by Census Subdivision (15 - 34 years)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the
point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8
years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during
which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining
fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.
Age Structure, 2001 - Oldest Old by Census Subdivision (75 years of age and older)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the
point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8
years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during
which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining
fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.
Age Structure, 2001 - Youth by Census Subdivision (under 15 years of age)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the
point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8
years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during
which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining
fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.
Age Structure, 2006 - Later Working Years by Census Division (35 - 64 years)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The working-age population can be divided into two broad categories: the early-working age group (15-34) and the later working age group (35-64). The effect of fertility on the composition of these groups is obvious. The later working age group is largely
composed of the baby-boomers (those born between 1946 and 1965), while the early working age group is composed of those born during the baby-bust period (1966-1974) and the children of baby-boomers. Thus, despite the fact that baby-boomers are now older, they still remain the largest group in the
population. This is evident in the relatively large proportion (42.6%) of the population that belonged to the late working age group in 2006. The corresponding proportion was much smaller (31.3%) just 25 years ago in 1981. As a result of the entry into the working age group of the people
born during the baby-bust period and the children of baby-boomers in 2006, only 26.0% of the population belonged to the 15 to 34 age group in 2006, compared with 36.5% in 1981.
Age Structure, 2006 - Youth by Census Division (under 15 years of age)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada is demographically an aging society, although still one of the youngest in the G8 . In 2006, 17.7% of the total population was below age 15. Since the post-World War II baby-boom (1946 to 1965), this proportion has been steadily declining, although the
pace of decline has become somewhat slower in recent decades a clear reflection of fertility trends. In 1961, 34% of Canada's population was below age 15. It dropped to 22.5% by 1981 and to 17.7% by 2006.
Age Structure, 2006 - Youth by Census Subdivision (under 15 years of age)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada is demographically an aging society, although still one of the youngest in the G8 . In 2006, 17.7% of the total population was below age 15. Since the post-World War II baby-boom (1946 to 1965), this proportion has been steadily declining, although the
pace of decline has become somewhat slower in recent decades a clear reflection of fertility trends. In 1961, 34% of Canada's population was below age 15. It dropped to 22.5% by 1981 and to 17.7% by 2006.
Educational Attainment, 2001 - University Education (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2001, the proportion of the population (individuals aged 15 and older) with non-university post-secondary credentials had more than doubled since 1971 to 36%. This, added to the 15% with university qualifications, meant that more than one-half
(51%) of all Canadians aged 15 and over had post-secondary qualifications in 2001.
Highest Level of Educational Attainment, 2006 - High school graduation certificate or equivalent (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census enumerated 13 012 475 adults aged 15 and over whose highest level of educational attainment was a trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree in 2006.
This was an increase of 32% from 9 864 970 in 2001. In 2006, 23% of Canadians aged 15 and over had completed a university certificate, diploma or degree, 17% had completed a college, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma and 11% had completed a trades certificate or diploma.
The proportion of the population aged 15 and over with a high school diploma or equivalent as their highest credential was 26% and those with less than a high school diploma or equivalent was 24%.
Highest Level of Educational Attainment, 2006 - Trades certificate (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census enumerated 13 012 475 adults aged 15 and over whose highest level of educational attainment was a trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree in 2006.
This was an increase of 32% from 9 864 970 in 2001. In 2006, 23% of Canadians aged 15 and over had completed a university certificate, diploma or degree, 17% had completed a college, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma and 11% had completed a trades certificate or diploma.
The proportion of the population aged 15 and over with a high school diploma or equivalent as their highest credential was 26% and those with less than a high school diploma or equivalent was 24%.
Families with Children Living at Home, 1996 - Common-law couples with no children living at home
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Since 1981, common-law unions have been steadily increasing. This is particularly true in the province of Quebec. In 1981, 8% of Quebec couples lived common-law, compared to 25% in 1996. The rest of Canada has also seen a marked, but lower, increase from
6% in 1981 to 10% in 1996. Between 1991 and 1996 the number of common-law couples with children at home increased by 47%. This rate of increase was three times as high as for common-law couple families without children. As of 1996, there were 434 950 common-law couples with at least one
child living at home.
Marital Status, 1996: Divorced
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Between 1985 and 1989, the number of divorces greatly increased in most of the provinces, then remained fairly stable during the 1990s. In Canada, 1.6 million persons reported being divorced in 1996 that is, 7.2% of persons 15 years of age or older. The
provinces of Newfoundland (4.0%) and Prince Edward Island (4.8%) have relatively few divorced persons. The largest proportions of divorced persons are in the provinces of Quebec (9.0%) and British Columbia (7.9%).
Marital Status, 2001: Separated (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Marital status refers to a persons conjugal status. As of May 15, 2001, Canada had 8,371,000 families, up from almost 7,838,000 in 1996.
Marital Status, 2001: Single (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Marital status refers to a persons conjugal status. As of May 15, 2001, Canada had 8,371,000 families, up from almost 7,838,000 in 1996.
Marital Status, 2006: Widowed (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, for the first time in Canadian history, there were more unmarried persons aged 15 years and over than legally married people. Just over one-half of Canadas population aged 15 years and over (51.5%) was unmarried; that is, they had never been legally
married (34.9%), or they were divorced (8.0%), widowed (6.2%) or separated (3.0%). Legally married people formed slightly less than half (47.9%) of the population. Twenty years earlier, 61.4% of the population aged 15 years and over was legally married, while 38.6% were
unmarried. Although the proportions of widowed and separated persons have remained relatively stable over the past two decades, increases have occurred largely among the divorced and, even more so, among the single (never legally married) population.
Marital Status, 2006: Divorced (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, for the first time in Canadian history, there were more unmarried persons aged 15 years and over than legally married people. Just over one-half of Canadas population aged 15 years and over (51.5%) was unmarried; that is, they had never been legally
married (34.9%), or they were divorced (8.0%), widowed (6.2%) or separated (3.0%). Legally married people formed slightly less than half (47.9%) of the population. Twenty years earlier, 61.4% of the population aged 15 years and over was legally married, while 38.6% were
unmarried. Although the proportions of widowed and separated persons have remained relatively stable over the past two decades, increases have occurred largely among the divorced and, even more so, among the single (never legally married) population.
Average Value of Dwelling, 2001 (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The average value of a dwelling in Canada was $162 709 according to the 2001 Census, compared to the 1996 Census average of $147 877, an increase of 10%. All provinces and territories have experienced a rise in housing values, particularly in Alberta and
Ontario, markedly in Calgary, Ottawa and Toronto. The value of a dwelling is the dollar amount expected by the owner if the dwelling were to be sold and the average value pertains only to owner-occupied private dwellings, which do not include dwellings situated on farms, but can include
owner-occupied dwellings situated on rented or leased land or part of a condominium. The map shows the average value of owner occupied dwellings by census subdivision.
Housing Ownership, 2006 - Percentage of Owner Occupied Dwelling by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

According to the 2006 Census, 68% of households owned their home up from 66% in 2001. In 2006, households in the Atlantic provinces continued to have the highest homeownership rates in the country, with Newfoundland and Labrador ranking first, at
78.7%. Households in Quebec had the lowest, at 60.1%. The map shows the percentage of households in each census subdivision that own their dwelling.
Housing Ownership, 2006 - Percentage of Owner Occupied Dwelling by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

According to the 2006 Census, 68% of households owned their home up from 66% in 2001. In 2006, households in the Atlantic provinces continued to have the highest homeownership rates in the country, with Newfoundland and Labrador ranking first, at
78.7%. Households in Quebec had the lowest, at 60.1%. The map shows the percentage of households in each census division that own their dwelling.
Shelter Costs, 2006 - Average monthly payments for renter-occupied dwellings by census subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, the average monthly shelter cost for renter households was $728 and for owner households it was $998. For owners without a mortgage it was lower at $455 and for owners with a mortgage it was higher at $1393. Shelter costs are the average monthly total of
all shelter expenses paid by households to secure shelter. Shelter costs for owners may include the mortgage payment, property taxes, condominium fees and the costs of electricity, heat and municipal services. Shelter costs for renters may include rent and the costs of electricity, heat and
municipal services. The map shows by census subdivision the average (monthly) rent for renter households.
Mother Tongue, 2001 - English (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In the 2001 Census, 22.9% of Canadians had French as their mother tongue, 59.1% English, and 18% neither of the two official languages. Mother tongue is defined as the first language a person learned at home in childhood and still understood at the
time of the census. A person with both English and French mother tongue learned both languages at home equally and still understands both. Persons whose mother tongue is neither English or French, in combination with one non-official language, or have neither English or French mother tongue fall in
the other language group.
Mother Tongue, 2006 - English and French (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census data showed that Anglophones, that is the population whose mother tongue is English, made up the majority of the population in Canada, about 57.8%. This was the case for all provinces and territories except Quebec, where the majority of the
population reported French as mother tongue. In total, 22.1% of the population in Canada were Francophones, which is the population with French as their mother tongue. Allophones, the population who reported a non-official language as mother tongue, made up 20%.
Mother Tongue, 2006 - Other Languages (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census data showed that Anglophones, that is the population whose mother tongue is English, made up the majority of the population in Canada, about 57.8%. This was the case for all provinces and territories except Quebec, where the majority of the
population reported French as mother tongue. In total, 22.1% of the population in Canada were Francophones, which is the population with French as their mother tongue. Allophones, the population who reported a non-official language as mother tongue, made up 20%.
Mother Tongue (French), 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the percentage of the Canadian population whose mother tongue was French. The 1996 Census defines mother tongue as the first language a person learned at home in childhood and still understood at the time of the census. The 1996 Census showed that
8.9 million Canadians could conduct a conversation in French (31%), 6.4 million spoke French most often at home (23%) and 6.7 million had French as their mother tongue (24%).
Literacy Performance on 2003 Adult Literacy Skills Survey: Working Age Population (16 to 65 years of age by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2003, the average prose literacy score for the Canadian population age 16 and over was 272 on a scale ranging from 0 to 500. Prose literacy is defined as the skills needed to understand and use information from texts. The average prose literacy scores were
above the national average in the Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia. Conversely, the average prose literacy scores of those of New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador and Nunavut were below the Canadian average. Nova Scotia, the Northwest Territories, Manitoba, Ontario and Prince
Edward Island had average prose scores that were not statistically different than the Canadian averages. In Quebec there were significant variations in performance across the domains. This map depicts average prose scores by census subdivisions.
Drainage Basins (Nunavut)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

A drainage basin is the area that drains all precipitation into a river or stream system into a common outlet such as a lake or sea. There are two main river basins in Nunavut: the Thelon River flows into Hudson Bay and the Back River empties into the Arctic
Ocean. Most of Nunavuts area is not drained through large rivers; instead the water flows directly to the ocean through small rivers and streams.
Permafrost, Glaciers and Sea Ice (Nunavut)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Nunavuts cold climate makes it a territory consisting of mostly barren land and permafrost. Permafrost is soil or rocks whose temperature remains at or below the freezing point for a long period of time. Glaciers, a mass of snow and ice that does not melt from
year to year prevail in the Innuitian Mountains. Permanent sea ice occurs in the northern part of the Arctic Ocean.
Migratory Bird Sanctuaries in Nunavut
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Bird sanctuaries areas of importance for the protection of migratory birds, their nests, and eggs. Nunavut has an abundance of sites favourable to the migratory habits of several bird species.
Population Distribution, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Even though Canada is the second largest country in the world in terms of land area, it ranks 33rd in terms of population. Almost all of Canadas population is concentrated in a narrow band along the countrys southern edge. Nearly 80% of the total population
lives within the 25 major metropolitan areas, which represent only 0.79% of the total area of the country.
Population Distribution, 2001
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The Census counted 30 007 094 people on May 15, 2001, compared with 28 846 761 on May 14, 1996. Urbanization continued in 2001, 79.4% of Canadians lived in an urban centre of 10 000 people or more, compared with 78.5% in 1996. Outside the urban centres,
the population of rural and small-town areas declined 0.4%.
Population Density, 2006 (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

With 3.5 persons per square kilometre, Canada is one of the countries with the lowest population densities in the world. Census metropolitan areas (CMAs) with the highest population densitiesToronto (866), Montréal (854), Vancouver (735), Kitchener (546),
Hamilton (505), and Victoria (475)were located close to United States border.
Population Density, 2006 (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

With 3.5 persons per square kilometre, Canada is one of the countries with the lowest population densities in the world. Census metropolitan areas (CMAs) with the highest population densitiesToronto (866), Montréal (854), Vancouver (735), Kitchener (546),
Hamilton (505), and Victoria (475)were located close to United States border.
Aboriginal Population Distribution, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In Ontario, British Columbia and in the three Prairie Provinces live 80% of the Aboriginal population of Canada. The most populous province, Ontario, is also the one with the highest number of Aboriginal people, (about 142 000). These people are often
integrated in the large centres in the south of the province. British Columbia has almost as many Aboriginal people: 140 000. They are concentrated on Vancouver Island and around Vancouver, but can also be found almost everywhere in this province, which has the largest number of Indian reserves and
settlements. In the Prairie Provinces, there are about 363 000 Aboriginal people, divided between Manitoba (128 700), Alberta (122 900) and Saskatchewan (111 300).
Aboriginal Identity Population, 2006 (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

According to the 2006 Census, the number of people who identified themselves as an Aboriginal person has surpassed the one-million mark, reaching 1 172 790 persons. In 2006, Aboriginal people accounted for 3.8% of the total population of Canada as enumerated
in the census, up from 3.3% in 2001. This map shows the Aboriginal population as the percentage of the total population, by census division.
Métis Population, 2006 (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The map shows the distribution of the population by census subdivision who identified themselves in the 2006 Census as Métis. According to the 2006 Census, 389 785 people identified themselves as Métis.
Sex Composition (male) by Age, 2006 - Youth by Census Division (under 15 years of age)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In general, in most regions of Canada there are more females than males and this trend is particularly evident in areas with higher proportions of the population who are elderly. The preponderance of females in the older age groups is due to their higher life
expectancy compared to males. In 2006, Saskatchewan had the highest proportion (17.1%) of the female population that was 65 years and over, while Alberta (11.9%), and the three territories (7.2% for Yukon, 4.9% for the Northwest Territories, and 2.6% for Nunavut) had the lowest
proportions. The map shows the sex composition by age of the population by census division.
Sex Composition (male) by Age, 2006 - Golden Years by Census Subdivision (65 - 79 years old)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In general, in most regions of Canada there are more females than males and this trend is particularly evident in areas with higher proportions of the population who are elderly. The preponderance of females in the older age groups is due to their higher life
expectancy compared to males. In 2006, Saskatchewan had the highest proportion (17.1%) of the female population that was 65 years and over, while Alberta (11.9%), and the three territories (7.2% for Yukon, 4.9% for the Northwest Territories, and 2.6% for Nunavut) had the lowest
proportions. The map shows the sex composition by age of the population by census subdivision.
Sex Composition (male) by Marital Status, 2006 - Married (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, 49.4% of males and 46.5% of females aged 15 years and over were legally married (and not separated), while 2.7% of the males and 3.2% of the females were separated, but still legally married. The male and female proportions for divorced
people were 7.2% and 8.8% respectively. The gender gaps in the widowed and never married categories were larger: 2.5% of males and 9.7% of females were widowed while 38.2% of males, but only 31.8% of females were never legally married. In the case of the never married
population 15 years of age and over, the highest proportions occurred in Quebec (46.8% of men and 40.0% of women), and the three territories (Yukon: 46.6% of men and 40.7% of women; Northwest Territories: 54.4% of men and 49.4% of women; and Nunavut: 63.4% of men and
59.2% of women). On the other hand, the sexual divergence of rates between males and females never legally married was highest in Alberta (37.7% of males versus 30.4% for females or a 7.3% difference) and Saskatchewan (36.6% of males versus 29.3% for females or a 7.3%
spread). For the widowed population, this disparity was most pronounced for Saskatchewan (2.7% widowers versus 11.6% widows or an almost 9% difference). The map shows by census division the marital status of the population 15 years of age and over by gender.
Sex Composition (female) by Marital Status, 2006 - Divorced (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, 49.4% of males and 46.5% of females aged 15 years and over were legally married (and not separated), while 2.7% of the males and 3.2% of the females were separated, but still legally married. The male and female proportions for divorced
people were 7.2% and 8.8% respectively. The gender gaps in the widowed and never married categories were larger: 2.5% of males and 9.7% of females were widowed while 38.2% of males, but only 31.8% of females were never legally married. In the case of the never married
population 15 years of age and over, the highest proportions occurred in Quebec (46.8% of men and 40.0% of women), and the three territories (Yukon: 46.6% of men and 40.7% of women; Northwest Territories: 54.4% of men and 49.4% of women; and Nunavut: 63.4% of men and
59.2% of women). On the other hand, the sexual divergence of rates between males and females never legally married was highest in Alberta (37.7% of males versus 30.4% for females or a 7.3% difference) and Saskatchewan (36.6% of males versus 29.3% for females or a 7.3%
spread). For the widowed population, this disparity was most pronounced for Saskatchewan (2.7% widowers versus 11.6% widows or an almost 9% difference). The map shows by census division the marital status of the population 15 years of age and over by gender.
Visible Minority Population, 2001 - Black Population by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada was home to almost 4 million individuals who identified themselves as visible minorities in 2001, accounting for 13.4% of the total population. The proportion of the visible minority population has increased steadily over the past 20 years. In 1981,
1.1 million visible minorities accounted for 4.7% of the total population; by 1996, 3.2 million accounted for 11.2%.
Visible Minority Population, 2001 - Chinese Population by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada was home to almost 4 million individuals who identified themselves as visible minorities in 2001, accounting for 13.4% of the total population. The proportion of the visible minority population has increased steadily over the past 20 years. In 1981,
1.1 million visible minorities accounted for 4.7% of the total population; by 1996, 3.2 million accounted for 11.2%.
Visible Minority Population, 2001 - Filipino Population by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada was home to almost 4 million individuals who identified themselves as visible minorities in 2001, accounting for 13.4% of the total population. The proportion of the visible minority population has increased steadily over the past 20 years. In 1981,
1.1 million visible minorities accounted for 4.7% of the total population; by 1996, 3.2 million accounted for 11.2%.
Visible Minority Population, 2001 - Latin American Population by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada was home to almost 4 million individuals who identified themselves as visible minorities in 2001, accounting for 13.4% of the total population. The proportion of the visible minority population has increased steadily over the past 20 years. In 1981,
1.1 million visible minorities accounted for 4.7% of the total population; by 1996, 3.2 million accounted for 11.2%.
Visible Minority Population, 2001 - South Asian Population by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada was home to almost 4 million individuals who identified themselves as visible minorities in 2001, accounting for 13.4% of the total population. The proportion of the visible minority population has increased steadily over the past 20 years. In 1981,
1.1 million visible minorities accounted for 4.7% of the total population; by 1996, 3.2 million accounted for 11.2%.
Visible Minority Population, 2006 - Chinese Population by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census estimated 5.1 million individuals who belonged to a visible minority. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour. The visible minority
population has grown steadily over the last 25 years. In 1981, when data for the four Employment Equity designated groups were first derived, the estimated 1.1 million visible minorities represented 4.7% of Canada's total population. In 1991, 2.5 million people were members of the visible
minority population, 9.4% of the total population. The visible minority population further increased to 3.2 million in 1996, or 11.2% of the total population. By 2001, their numbers had reached an estimated 3.9 million or 13.4% of the total population. In 2006, the visible minorities
accounted for 16.2% of Canadas total population. This map shows the percentage of visible minorities (chinese population) by census subdivisions.
Quality of Life - Household Finances
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Household finances affect consumption and thereby impact on access to technology, travel and leisure. The level of disposable income directly influences quality of life, as it may be a necessary condition in order to access such services as health, education and
the basic necessities of life. Those households that spend a disproportionate amount on accommodation or receive a disproportionate amount of income through government transfer payments experience inverse impacts on quality of life, since they are less able to acquire a wide range of goods and
services.
Quality of Life - Social Opportunity and Mobility
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The degree of social opportunity affects participation in democratic processes, which invokes a sense of contribution and belonging. Social opportunity directly influences quality of life, as it creates an environment where opportunities are possible. This is
important for social change (or upward mobility) and for individual well-being and self-esteem.
Quality of Life Economic Environment Indicator - Unemployment Rate
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The economic environment represents the external conditions under which people are engaged in, and benefit from, economic activity. The indicators of the economic environment measure the ability of households to access goods and services important to quality of
life.
Quality of Life Economic Environment Indicator - Ratio of Individuals Working Part Year, Part Time to Individuals Working Full Year, Full Time
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The economic environment represents the external conditions under which people are engaged in, and benefit from, economic activity. The indicators of the economic environment measure the ability of households to access goods and services important to quality of
life.
Quality of Life Economic Environment Indicator - Ratio of Households in Lowest Income Category to those in Highest Income Category
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The economic environment represents the external conditions under which people are engaged in, and benefit from, economic activity. The indicators of the economic environment measure the ability of households to access goods and services important to quality of
life.
Quality of Life - Social Environment Index with Health Status
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The social environment represents the external conditions under which people engage in social activity within their community. It includes aspects of social opportunity, leisure and recreation, education, access to health services, health status and participation
in democratic processes. This map shows the quality of the social environment: the environment in which people engage in social activities, within their community, that contribute to quality of life, including the health status data for a reduced number of communities in the
index.
Quality of Life Social Environment Indicator - Ratio of Percentage of Population Living in Owned Housing to Percentage of Population Living in Rental Housing
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The social environment represents the external conditions under which people engage in social activity within their community. It includes aspects of social opportunity, leisure and recreation, education, access to health services, health status and participation
in democratic processes. Fourteen indicators have been used to assess aspects of quality of the social environment.