bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the historical context and the inheritance strategy of the water transport city in Guigang
Authors: Guo Liyuan , Long Liangchu , Wan Yanhua , Shi Ruidong
Published: January 2020

As the most extensive port in Guangxi's inland economic hinterland, waterway transportation is an important driving force for the development of Guigang's cities. On the basis of tracing the development history of Guigang water transport city, this paper summarizes and analyzes the historical characteristics of water transport development and the spatial evolution of Guigang city, and proposes the planning strategy of Guigang's water transport city historical context, in order to improve the competitiveness of Guigang city and promote the development of Guigang city.
Analysis and calculation of normal section of reinforced concrete beam under non-limit state
Authors: Han Jinsheng , Guo Chuanfang , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2020

The force analysis of reinforced concrete flexural members are usually focused on the limit state that the strain at the edge of the compressive zone of concrete reaches its ultimate compressive strain. However, it is necessary to analyze and calculate the force and deformation under non-limit state in many case. In this paper, the flexural and deformation properties of reinforced concrete beam under non-limit state were studied. Firstly, a program was compiled to analyze the stress distribution in the compression zone of concrete under non-ultimate state, and the stress graph was equivalent to a rectangular stress graph. The numerical results of the stress equivalent coefficient and the height equivalent coefficient of the compression zone were obtained, and the variation curve of the equivalent coefficient was drawn. Secondly, the practical calculation formulas were proposed to calculate the equivalent coefficient of the compression concrete zone under non-limit state by curve fitting. Then, the calculation method of reinforced concrete flexural beams under non-limit state was analyzed by the equivalent coefficient formulas. Finally,a calculation example of flexural bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams under non-limit state was given.
Public Safety Risk Assessment of Power Investment Project Based on Fuzzy Set and DS Evidence Theory
Authors: Yang Tai-hua , Qin Jing , Li Zhi-xiang
Published: January 2020

In recent years, the international situation has become more and more complex, and the regional conflicts have been escalating, and the risks of overseas public security have been increasing. Based on the four types of public security events, a public safety risk assessment index system of "one belt and one road" electric power investment project is established. Combining the Bayesian network model, and using fuzzy set and DS evidence theory, the public security risk level of the “Belt and Road” countries can be this method has been effectively verified and put forward countermeasures by an example.
Study on pollution of different tributaries of Bai Ta Pu river based on principal component analysis
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Geng Shicong , Wang Guofeng , Yang Shuo , Gao Yu
Published: January 2020

On the basis of understanding the indexes of different tributaries of Bai Ta Pu river and according to the contribution rate of each principal component, the comprehensive score of different tributaries was calculated through principal component analysis. Each tributary was ranked according to the score, and the evaluation results were analyzed. It is pointed out that the tributary with the highest comprehensive index of Bai Ta Pu river is in Shi Jia Zhai bridge and the tributary with the lowest comprehensive index is in De Sheng Tun bridge.
Application Research of Multiple Detection Technology in Equipment Fault Diagnosis
Authors: MA Guang-yao , Chen Shuai , Yang Zhi-qun
Published: January 2020

With the development of detection technology, there are more and more detection methods for devices[1,2]. Multiple detection technologies[3,4] make targeted detection of devices to make the state judgment of devices more comprehensive. In the detection of auxiliary equipment in thermal power plants, vibration detection is generally used, but infrared and ultrasonic detection technology analyzes the fault state diagnosis of auxiliary equipment from another aspect, which plays a very important role. Multi-tech detection and mutual verification more and more methods are applied to equipment detection.
Discussion on the Status and Supervision of Industrial Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Gansu Province
Authors: Yang Rili , Zhang Guangsheng , Jia Wanying
Published: January 2020

Through investigations on some key high energy-consuming enterprises (metallurgy, building materials, coal chemical industry) in Gansu Province, it was found that various industries had different understandings on the work, which mainly focused on some aspects on enterprise capacity development, the advanced technology, the relation between inputs and the output. In addition, especially government supervision had a great importance on the whole work, such as the complete laws and timely implementation of existing problems. In view of above all, this paper put forwards to strengthen energy conservation and emission reduction from the aspects of the supervision mechanism construction and the supervision system, which had a certain significance for the guidance of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Outlook and overview of microplastics pollution in ecological environment
Authors: Bin Zhao , Yongqiang Cheng , Cuilian Guo , Maoke Liu , Puyu Yao , Yang Zhou
Published: January 2020

Microplastics are attracting more and more attention as a new type of pollutant in the ecological environment. Microplastics are difficult to degrade because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Some microplastics adsorbed toxic chemicals (e.g. heavy metals or organic pollutants) will cause a series of toxicological effects in organisms. This paper summarized the research progress in microplastics from the aspects of the types, distribution, detection and the toxicological effects. In addition, future research directions were also proposed and discussed.
Evaluation of Atmospheric Pollutant Emission Efficiency Based on SBM-Undesirable Model —— Taking PM2.5 as an Example
Authors: xiaohe She , Yingying Wang , Haimin Cao , Fangying Yuan , Wei Ai , Qi He , Xiaoyan Yang , Juan Sun
Published: January 2020

At present, China's haze is becoming more and more serious. How to reduce haze emission is an urgent problem in China's environmental governance. This paper uses the SBM-Undesirable model, adopting 5 inputs indexes(coal, oil, gas, labor and capital), and 2 outputs indexes（GDP and PM2.5 emissions）as expected output and unexpected output respectively, to calculate the emission efficiency of PM2.5 in China's 29 provinces. Based on the efficiency evaluation results of SBM-Undesirable model, the reasons for the inefficiency of PM2.5 emission are analyzed. The redundancy rate of investment, the insufficient rate of expected output and the redundancy rate of undesirable outputs are calculated. Results showed that: (1) Most provinces with high PM2.5 emission efficiency are concentrated in the eastern region, while the PM2.5 emission efficiency in the central and western regions is relatively low. (2) The redundancy rate of input variables and undesirable output of the eastern region is lower than that of the western and based on SBM-Undesirable model central regions. This is likely to have a great relationship with the economic development and the high level of technology in the eastern region. This study provides a reference for reducing the haze theory and providing empirical support for the government's haze reduction.
Dynamic Robust Reconfiguration of Distribution Network with Low-wind-speed Wind Turbine Integrated
Authors: Xie Dongqing , Li Bing , Ding Yang , Li Daopeng , Fang Guomin , Yang Yan
Published: January 2020

For distribution systems where wind sources are poor, low-wind-speed wind turbines (LWTG) plays an important role in improving the security, economy and reliability of the system. However, the stochastic volatility of LWTG output and loads poses a challenge to the technology of distribution network reconfiguration. Considering the uncertainty of LWTG output, photovoltaic output and changes of load in multiple continuous periods, a dynamic robust reconfiguration model is established. The optimization target is to minimize the three-phase current unbalance and network loss. The model solving process combines the Latin hypercube sampling-based Monte Carlo method, the Semi-invariant method and the compound differential evolution algorithm. The influence of LWTG on the reconfiguration results is explored based on the modified IEEE34-node simulation system, and the performance of the proposed dynamic robust reconfiguration method is then verified.
The Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Responsibilities of Landscape Architecture Firms
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Zhou Cun , Zhang Shiyun
Published: January 2020

ESG performance has a positive influence on the long-term sustainable development of both the firm and the society. LA is concerned about the relationship among humans, the buit, and nutural environments, so it is of especial importance to study what LA firms are supposed to do in ESG practice. This paper made a detailed discussion about each of the ESG responsibilities of LA firms respectively in accordance with the distinctive firm characteristics of the LA industry. This study might have two possible implications for the literature on ESG: (1) an industry-based approach to the study of ESG performance is of theoretical and realistic significance; and (2) ESG responsibilities are worthy of attention for the study of LA firms.
A New Dynamic Analysis Method for Hang’s Mudding-Off Technique based on Circulation Loss in Return
Authors: Liu Hong , Liu Pu , Xu Feng-ling , Chen Qiao , Zhu Hong-ling , Su De-gui
Published: January 2020

Hang’s mudding-off technique is a well control measure used to maintain the dynamic balance of the pressure inside a well and thus ensure safe operation when there is circulation loss in the return. Given the lack of a dynamic analysis method that reflects the principles of annulus liquid level changes in a well shaft, there has been no analytical basis for applying Hang’s mudding-off technique in practice, and as a result, the technique is typically applied as a “blind Hang”. In this study, a dynamic analysis method was employed to model well shaft leakage loss, based on actual engineering conditions under which Hang’s mudding-off technique is used, and models were developed for the effective height of the well shaft annulus liquid level in Hang’s mudding-off technique and for a safe operation time after the application of the technique. The calculation of variations in the cross-sectional area of the annulus was also addressed. The reliability of the proposed models was evaluated using calculation examples. The error in the calculated effective liquid level height was 1.22% when dynamic leakage loss was considered, and the error in the safe operation time calculation was 3.58%. These results illustrate the accuracy of the models. The analysis method proposed in this paper can be used to solve problems related to calculation of the engineering parameters involved in Hang’s mudding-off technique and averting the risks of well control safety under conditions of circulation loss in the return, thereby optimising Hang’s mudding-off technique and reducing project costs.
NIKA: a mm camera for Sunyaev-Zel’dovich science in clusters of galaxies
Authors: Macías-Pérez J.F. , Adam R. , Ade P. , André P. , Andrianasolo A. , Aussel H. , Arnaud M. , Bartalucci I. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Bideaud A. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Comis B. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E.F.C. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Kéruzoré F. , Kramer C. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , Monfardini A. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Pointecouteau E. , Ponthieu N. , Pratt G.W. , Revéret V. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Roussel H. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Shu S. , Sievers A. , Tucker C. , Zylka R.
Published: January 2020

Clusters of galaxies, the largest bound objects in the Universe, constitute a cosmological probe of choice, which is sensitive to both dark matter and dark energy. Within this framework, the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect has opened a new window for the detection of clusters of galaxies and for the characterization of their physical properties such as mass, pressure and temperature. NIKA, a KID-based dual band camera installed at the IRAM 30-m telescope, was particularly well adapted in terms of frequency, angular resolution, field-of-view and sensitivity, for the mapping of the thermal and kinetic SZ effect in high-redshift clusters. In this paper, we present the NIKA cluster sample and a review of the main results obtained via the measurement of the SZ effect on those clusters: reconstruction of the cluster radial pressure profile, mass, temperature and velocity.
Analysis of Galactic molecular cloud polarization maps: a review of the methods
Authors: Poidevin Frédérick
Published: January 2020

The Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi (DCF) method using the Angular Dispersion Function (ADF), the Histogram of Relative Orientations (HROs) and the Polarization-Intensity Gradient Relation (P-IGR) are the most common tools used to analyse maps of linearly polarized emission by thermal dust grains at submilliter wavelengths in molecular clouds and star-forming regions. A short review of these methods is given. The combination of these methods will provide valuable tools to shed light on the impact of the magnetic fields on the formation and evolution of subparsec scale hub-filaments that will be mapped with the NIKA2 camera and future experiments.
A Banach spaces-based analysis of a new fully-mixed finite element method for the Boussinesq problem
Authors: Colmenares Eligio , Gatica Gabriel N. , Moraga Sebastián
Published: January 2020

In this paper we propose and analyze, utilizing mainly tools and abstract results from Banach spaces rather than from Hilbert ones, a new fully-mixed finite element method for the stationary Boussinesq problem with temperature-dependent viscosity. More precisely, following an idea that has already been applied to the Navier–Stokes equations and to the fluid part only of our model of interest, we first incorporate the velocity gradient and the associated Bernoulli stress tensor as auxiliary unknowns. Additionally, and differently from earlier works in which either the primal or the classical dual-mixed method is employed for the heat equation, we consider here an analogue of the approach for the fluid, which consists of introducing as further variables the gradient of temperature and a vector version of the Bernoulli tensor. The resulting mixed variational formulation, which involves the aforementioned four unknowns together with the original variables given by the velocity and temperature of the fluid, is then reformulated as a fixed point equation. Next, we utilize the well-known Banach and Brouwer theorems, combined with the application of the Babuška-Brezzi theory to each independent equation, to prove, under suitable small data assumptions, the existence of a unique solution to the continuous scheme, and the existence of solution to the associated Galerkin system for a feasible choice of the corresponding finite element subspaces. Finally, we derive optimala priorierror estimates and provide several numerical results illustrating the performance of the fully-mixed scheme and confirming the theoretical rates of convergence.
The non-isothermal hot deep drawing of AA5083 aluminum alloy
Authors: Barimani Varandi Abozar
Published: January 2020

The present work is focused on the hot deep drawing process for cylindrical 5083 aluminum alloy parts, by superimposing a thermal gradient between the blank center-flange region. The imprtance of application of forming processes at elevated temperatures, in improving the formability, has increasingly attracted attention in recent years. As a case study, the experimental and numerical tests were performed at three speeds (60, 200 and 378 mm min−1) from room temperature (RT) up to 0.9 melting point, inspired by the advent of extraordinary superplastic behavior of AA5083 in hot condition. In particular, the focus was on the effects of forming speed on punch load, thickness distribution, and earing behavior. Finite element simulations were run in order to investigate the limiting drawing ratio and temperature gradient. The tests highlight that by increasing the temperature, the number and the position of the ears are constant, while the height of ears decreases. Furthermore, limiting drawing ratio equal to 2.84 is reached at 550 °C.
Theory of optimal harvesting for a size structured model of fish
Authors: Liu Rong , Liu Guirong
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the maximum principle for a nonlinear size structured model that describes the optimal management of the fish resources taking into account harvesting the fish and putting the fry. First, we show the existence of a unique non-negative solution of the system, and give a comparison principle. Next, we prove the existence of optimal policies by using maximizing sequence and Mazur’s theorem in convex analysis. Then, we obtain necessary optimality conditions by using tangent-normal cones and adjoint system techniques. Finally, some examples and numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results in our paper.
Zero-trans fats by enzymatic interesterification of blends beef tallow / rice bran oil
Authors: Segura Nadia , Jachmanián Iván
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze in detail the changes produced by the enzymatic interesterification of BT/RBO blends (beef tallow/rice bran oil) at different proportions, as an alternative for production of trans free fats. It was observed that the increase in the oil content produced a range of the content of saturated fatty acids from 20 to 38% in the blend and a range of polyunsaturated fatty acids from 35 to 18%. In TAG composition, the SUU and SSS type (S: saturated fatty acid; U: unsaturated fatty acid) increased in concentration as a result of interesterification process and this effect was more noticeable when the blend was richer in oil, arriving at 19 and 4% respectively in 50:50 BT/RBO blend. These variations in composition greatly improved the plastic range of BT. The process studied produced new trans free fatty materials with improving suitability as food ingredients. Therefore, promising new materials were developed.
The effect of dust components and contaminants on the performance of photovoltaic for the four regions in Iraq: a practical study
Authors: Chaichan Miqdam T. , Kazem Hussein A. , Al-Waeli Ali H.A. , Sopian Kamaruzzaman
Published: January 2020

The accumulation of dust on the surface of the solar cell causes a clear decrease in its performance. The present study has led to investigate the impact of pollution and dust of four different Iraq regions of different conditions on solar cells performance. The areas studied were Baghdad, an agricultural area in Mahmoodia, the Karbala-Najaf desert road, and the city of Fao. The components of dust samples were examined from the areas mentioned and a high percentage of silica was found, which shows the impact of the desert in the Iraqi dust. In Baghdad and Mahmoodia dust samples, clear proportions of clay and silt minerals were found that can be traced back to the fertile valley of Mesopotamia. Significant percentages of particulate matter (PM), lead and sulfur were found in Fao and Baghdad dust samples indicating high contamination by fossil fuel combustion emissions. Practical experiments were carried out to measure the current, voltages, and power of a solar cell, and a clear reduction in these parameter values was measured. From the types of the components of dust samples, the study suggested suitable periodic cleaning period and cleaning methods for each type of dust.
A transshipment model for logistics management at Indian Oil Corporation
Authors: Toppur Badri , Sanyal Atanu
Published: January 2020

Three refineries of the Indian Oil Corporation procure crude oil from suppliers, at production sites in the Persian Gulf, West Africa, North Africa, West Asia, and India. The crude oil is shipped to two ports in the state of Gujarat, India, by large tankers and medium sized vessels. From these two ports, the crude oil is pumped to the refineriesviapipelines. The refineries have known capacity, that are different for the two types of crude oil. In this paper, the scaled-up problem has been modelled, as a transshipment network. Next, the concrete instance of the problem, has been solved using an LP solver. This was followed by post-optimality analysis of the solution. The flow values on all arcs, and optimal product mix, validate actual decisions. Precise shipping requirements obtained from the solution, are shared in advance with marine transporters to improve supply chain coordination.
The Efficacy of Whole-Body Vibration for Functional Improvement of
Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yue Lin , Chen Linglong , Zhou Rongrong
Published: January 2020

The efficacy of whole-body vibration for functional improvement in stroke
patients remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis
to explore the influence of whole-body vibration on functional improvement in
stroke patients.

We search PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases
through June 2018 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect
of whole-body vibration on functional improvement in stroke patients. This
meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.

Eight RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control
group for stroke patients, whole-body vibration has no positive impact on
6 min walk test (6MWT) distance (standard mean difference (Std.
MD)=−0.28; 95% confidence interval
(CI)=−0.66 to 0.11; P=0.16), timed-up-and-go (TUG) test
(Std. MD=0.15; 95% CI=−0.54 to 0.84;
P=0.67), Fugl-Meyer assessment (Std. MD=0.33; 95%
CI=−0.23 to 0.89; P=0.25), Berg Balance Scale (Std.
MD=0.19; 95% CI=−0.43 to 0.80; P=0.55),
and activities specific balance (ABC) scale (Std. MD=−0.22;
95% CI=−0.62 to 0.17; P=0.26).

Whole-body vibration shows no notable influence on 6MWT distance, TUG test,
Fugl-Meyer assessment, Berg Balance Scale, and ABC scale in stroke patients.
Cryoballoon ablation for gastric pouch and/or outlet reduction in patients with weight regain post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Fayad Lea , Trindade Arvind J. , Benias Petros C. , Simsek Cem , Raad Micheal , Badurdeen Dilhana , Hill Christine , Brewer Gutierrez Olaya I. , Fayad George , Dunlap Margo , Kalloo Anthony N. , Khashab Mouen A. , Thompson Christopher C. , Canto Marcia , Kumbhari Vivek
Published: January 2020

Background Cryoballoon ablation could induce stricture formation to achieve outlet and pouch reduction in patients regaining weight after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This pilot study aimed to assess technical feasibility and short-term efficacy.

Methods A retrospective chart review (January – November 2018) at two academic centers identified patients with weight regain post-RYGB, treated with cryoablation if pouch > 4 cm and/or outlet > 15 mm. Patients were scheduled for surveillance endoscopies at 8 weeks.

Results 22 patients presented 10.5 years (SD 4.42) post-RYGB with weight regain of 30.9 kg (SD 13.7). Technical success was 89.5 % for outlet ablation and 93.0 % for pouch ablation. From baseline to 8 weeks, the outlet was reduced from 24.1 mm (95 % confidence interval [CI] 19.8 to 28.5) to 17.1 mm (95 %CI 13.1 to 21.1; P < 0.001), and pouch from 5 cm (95 %CI 4.1 to 5.9) to 3.9 cm (95 %CI 2.6 to 5.1; P < 0.05). Total body weight loss at 8 weeks was 8.1 % (SD 12.8 %).

Conclusion Cryoablation appears technically feasible and effective for outlet and/or pouch reduction in the short term.
Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Tumors in the United States, 2009 to 2011: Effects of Hospital Volume on Postoperative Complications
Authors: Li Daphne , Johans Stephen , Martin Brendan , Cobb Adrienne , Kim Miri , Germanwala Anand V.
Published: January 2020

Introduction Higher surgical volumes correlate with superior patient outcomes for various surgical pathologies, including transnasal transsphenoidal (TNTS) pituitary tumor resection. With the introduction of endoscopic approaches, there have been nationwide shifts in technique with relative declines in microsurgery. We examined the volume-outcome relationship (VOR) for TNTS pituitary tumor surgery in an era of increasingly prevalent endoscopic approaches.

Methods Patients who underwent TNTS pituitary tumor resection between 2009 and 2011 were retrospectively identified in the State Inpatient Database subset of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Generalized linear mixed-effect models were used to assess odds of various outcome measures. Institutions were grouped into quartiles by case volume for analysis.

Results A total of 6,727 patients underwent TNTS pituitary tumor resection between 2009 and 2011. White or Asian American patients and those with private insurance were more likely to receive care at higher volume centers (HVC). Patients treated at HVC (>60 cases/year) were less likely to have nonroutine discharges (3.9 vs. 1.9%; p = 0.002) and had shorter length of stay (LOS; 4 vs. 2 days; p = 0.001). Overall, care at HVC trended toward lower rates of postoperative complications, for example, a 10-case/year increase correlated with a 10% decrease in the rate of iatrogenic panhypopituitarism (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.99; p = 0.04) and 5% decrease in likelihood of diabetes insipidus (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90–0.99; p = 0.04) on multivariable analysis.

Conclusions Our analysis shows that increased case volume is related to superior perioperative outcomes for TNTS pituitary tumor resections. Despite the recent adoption of newer endoscopic techniques and concerns of technical learning curves, this VOR remains undisturbed.
Initial Observation among Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Ruiz-Garcia Henry , Peterson Jennifer , Leon Janet , Malouff Timothy , Vallow Laura , Lundy Larry , Chaichana Kaisorn L. , Vibhute Prasanna , Trifiletti Daniel M.
Published: January 2020

Introduction Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are slow growing tumors. Although there are a wide variety of available treatment options, these tumors are often initially observed. We aimed to establish the presenting symptoms and outcomes of patients treated with initial observation at our institution.

Methods The medical records of patients with radiographically diagnosed VS were reviewed from 1989 to 2018. Actuarial estimates of radiographic tumor control and freedom of local therapy were calculated and compared using Cox regression analyses.

Results A total of 360 patients were diagnosed with VS at our institution from 1989 through 2018 with a median age of 59.9 years. After radiographic diagnosis, 243 patients (67.5%) opted for initial observation. Local control at 1, 5, and 10 years was 91, 67, and 58%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with shorter time to radiographic tumor progression included younger patient age (p = 0.016) and tumors with an extracanalicular component (p = 0.032). Regarding time until definitive treatment only larger baseline American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) tumor size predicted for earlier initiation of therapy (p < 0.001), although this was restricted to tumors with an extracanalicular component (p = 0.004), as opposed to purely internal auditory canal tumors (p = 0.839).

Conclusion Many patients who were initially observed continued to have satisfactory local control rates at 10 years. In patients with extracanalicular tumors, larger AAO-HNS tumor measurements were associated with earlier radiographic tumor progression and shorter time to local therapy, with 7 mm serving as a potential threshold value for extracanalicular tumors. Younger patients and tumors with primarily an extracanalicular portion may warrant closer observation.
Meningo-Orbital Foramen in South Gujarat population
Authors: Modasiya Umesh P , Kanani Sanjaykumar
Published: January 2020

Background & Aims: Meningo-orbital foramen is provides a route for an anastomosis between the meningo-orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery and recurrent meningeal branch of ophthalmic artery. Practical importance is emphasized when the middle meningeal artery has abnormal origin, in the cases of subtemporal epidural hematoma, tumors, vascular malformations and in the cases when the foramen spinosum is absent. Present study was undertaken in order to explore the frequency and positional anatomy of this foramen in ninety dry adult human skulls of south Gujarat population. Material & Method: This study was conducted on 90 dry skulls of human origin. Different parameters were noted. Result: Meningo-orbital foramen was absent bilaterally in 35[38.88%] of the skulls studied .The presence of the Meningo-orbital foramen was detected in the 55[61.11%] cases. It was present unilaterally in 30[33.33%] cases [10 on the right and 20 on the left side], and bilaterally in 25[27.77%] cases. Triple MOF were in 2 skulls on right orbit only. Largest variability was noted for distance from the lateral end of the superior orbital fissure. Conclusion: Knowledge of presence and variation in meningo-orbital foramen's anatomical parameter can be crucial for ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons.
Foramen magnum - Dry bone study and review of studies from India
Authors: S. Vidya C. , B. Madhu
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims: Of late, there is heightened interest in foramen magnum morphology and morphometry as evidenced by innumerable publications in most of the Indian and foreign research journals publishing anatomical studies. The main objective of our study was to report the morphometric data of foramen magnum from Indian population as evidenced by dry bone study. The objective of the review was to report morphometric studies from India and to compare the data between two regions. Methodology: Forty adult dry skulls were studied for morphometric data of foramen magnum. Antero-posterior diameter and width of the foramen were considered. An extensive search for articles with foramen magnum either in the title or keywords was done using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SciELO, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was carried out in December 2017. Search terms restricted to foramen magnum morphometry in dry bones and CT scan studies. Results: The mean AP length and width of foramen magnum was 31.5 ± 3.4 mm and 27.1 ± 3 mm respectively. The mean of foramen magnum index was 1.2±0.2. Out of 37 records, 28 dry bone studies, 8 CT scan studies and one autopsy study was reviewed. A total of 2635 dry bones and 1165 CT scans were studied in 37 studies. Conclusions: There is unprecedented surge in published reports on morphometry of foramen magnum, both dry bone studies and radiological studies. There is no difference between morphometric data between dry bone studies and radiological studies. There is no significant difference between data from two states of India.
Can single cell gel electrophoresis [comet assay] predict the outcome in neonatal sepsis?
Authors: NA Priyadharshini , Chand Parkash , S. Vishnu Bhatt
Published: January 2020

Background & aim : Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is important for effective management and recovery. The available methods for diagnosis were not useful in predicting outcome. In the present study the technique of single cell gel electrophoresis [comet assay] which measures DNA damage was used to predict the outcome of neonatal sepsis. Material & methods : Comet Assay [single cell gel electrophoresis, SCGE] was used as a tool to assess the DNA damage in 3 5 term neonates with sepsis .The comet parameters were compared between those who recovered and expired due to sepsis neonatorum. Results were analysed using independent student t test with SPSS software version 19. p values <0.05 was taken as significant. Results : Comet length [174.57 ± 46.66pm] and Tail length [ 114.63 ± 52.92pm] are the prime indicator of DNA damage and were significantly [p Z < .05 ] higher among the expired cases when compared to the recovered cases [113.70 ±32.72 and 46.40±37.57 respectively]. Receiver Operating Characteristic [ROC] curve for comet length and tail length showed comet length and tail length are high. Area under the curve [AUC] 0.867 with cut off value of 140.06pm [71.4% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity] and 0.862 with cut off value of 63.12pm [85% sensitivity, 71.4% specificity] respectively. Conclusion :Weconclude that SCGE can be used for predicting mortality in neonatal sepsis
Evaluation of pattern and duration of university question papers in anatomy
Authors: S. Viveka , J. Sudha M
Published: January 2020

Background and objectives: Assessment drives learning. Theory summative assessment must be aligned to curricular goals. There is wide disparity in the total marks for which the examination is conducted and total duration of time of examination. The main objective of this study is to report differences in summative assessments in anatomy subject conducted by universities with respect to maximum time, maximum marks, syllabus distribution of papers, assessment of diagram drawing abilities and emphasis on clinical anatomy. Methodology: During August 2018, an extensive search for the syllabus/curriculum document will was in the internet. In the respective university websites, the document with names 'MBBS syllabus' or possible documents with syllabus details of medical undergraduate anatomy subject were searched. Results: Information from 25 different universities conducting undergraduate MBBS degree programs were evaluated. Out of these universities, sixteen universities conduct summative exam for 3 hours. Eight universities conduct exams for 2.5 hours. State universities of Punjab, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu conduct anatomy exams for 50 marks with 3 hour duration. Whereas, state universities of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Assam and Odisha conduct exams for 50 marks in 2 lA hours. JIPMER, Pondicherry has two-hour exam for fifty marks. Only Karnataka universities [including Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences and three other deemed to be universities] and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh conduct exams for 100 marks in 3 hours. Twenty-one universities have above diaphragm syllabus in paper 1 and below diaphragm in paper 2. Conclusion: It is the need of the hour to have a uniform, structured, objective and rationale summative assessments in anatomy.
Analyzing the relative efficiency of China’s Yangtze River port system
Authors: Ye Shilin , Qi Xinhua , Xu Yecheng
Published: January 2020

In spite of the rapid growth of the Yangtze River port system (YRPS) in recent years, knowledge regarding the efficiency characteristics of these ports along the Yangtze River is still limited. This article evaluates the relative efficiency of 22 major ports along the Yangtze River from 2010 to 2016 by using the novel super slacks-based measure (super-SBM) model and the Malmquist productivity index. The YRPS showed a relatively low level of average technical efficiency in 2016, and the technical efficiency values of these ports increased generally from upstream to downstream. In terms of returns to scale, the ports of Shanghai, Nantong, and Suzhou should pay attention to resource allocation, technological advancement, and institutional innovation in the future. The remaining 19 ports, however, should increase investment in the optimization of production-capacity structures, the upgrading of terminal equipment, the improvement of consolidation and distribution systems, channel regulation, and information sharing among terminals. Our results also show that the production technology, resource utilization, enterprise management, and scale economies of the YRPS improved during 2010–2016, and this significantly enhanced the total factor productivity (TFP). Based on these findings, we propose several development strategies for the YRPS, such as improving the consolidation and distribution systems of ports, encouraging the cross-regional integration of port and shipping enterprises, strengthening the coconstruction and sharing of infrastructure, and optimizing the hub-and-spoke network of the YRPS.
Optically pumped white light-emitting diodes based on metal halide perovskites and perovskite-related materials
Authors: Worku Michael , Xu Liang-Jin , Chaaban Maya , Ben-Akacha Azza , Ma Biwu
Published: January 2020

Optically pumped white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs), consisting of blue/ultraviolet LED chips and down conversion phosphors, have a wide range of applications in our daily life, such as full color display and solid-state lighting. While remarkable progress in light quality, device efficiency, and lifetime has been achieved during the last two decades, many challenges remain in optically pumped WLEDs, and searching for low cost high performance down conversion phosphors is still of great interest. Recently, metal halide perovskites have emerged as a highly promising new generation of light emitters for their exceptional optical properties with high quantum efficiencies and color tunability, which have also inspired researchers to investigate their derivatives. In this perspective, we briefly review the progress during the last few years in the development of metal halide perovskites and perovskite-related materials as down conversion phosphors for optically pumped WLEDs. We also highlight some major issues and challenges that need to be addressed to enable perovskite-based light emitters to possibly replace currently used rare-earth doped inorganic phosphors and quantum dots.
GABA-mediated tonic inhibition differentially modulates gain in functional subtypes of cortical interneurons
Authors: Bryson Alexander , Hatch Robert John , Zandt Bas-Jan , Rossert Christian , Berkovic Samuel F. , Reid Christopher A. , Grayden David B. , Hill Sean L. , Petrou Steven
Published: January 2020

Significance

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the brain’s predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter and exerts a strong inhibitory influence through extrasynaptic GABA
A
receptors. This form of neurotransmission is known as tonic inhibition. Tonic inhibition is usually thought to reduce the excitability of all neurons, but here we show that it can selectively modulate the excitability of different types of neurons. Surprisingly, tonic inhibition can increase excitability in a common subtype of interneuron, and modeling results suggest this is achieved through the neuron’s electrophysiological, or functional, properties. These results provide insight into the impact of tonic inhibition upon neural activity and suggest a mechanism through which GABA may modulate the excitability of neurons in a selective manner.
The anatomical foundations of language dominance
Authors: Cappa Stefano F.
Published: January 2020

The evidence about asymmetries between the two hemispheres in human and non-human species may contribute to the
current debate about language evolution. Here I present a selective review of the available data, limited to the macroscopic and
microscopic anatomy of the main language areas. Both post-mortem and imaging studies confirm the presence of a leftward asymmetry
in the Planum Temporale (PT) region in humans; in the case of Broca’s area the evidence is less consistent. The
data about non-human primates also support the presence of a leftward asymmetry of the PT area in apes and monkeys. Studies on
large populations, combining quantitative structural imaging of cortex and white matter, functional imaging measures during
language tasks, and detailed assessments of handedness are needed to assess the relevance of comparative brain anatomy data to the
investigation of language evolution.
Ethnodiachrony, Buddhism, and ethnicity
Authors: Pain Frederic
Published: January 2020

The paper focuses on how ethnicity is constructed and negotiated as well as on how it surfaces through language convergence. The paper aims to demonstrate that, in the very specific Khmer case, dialect convergences cannot be explained through an exclusive internal analysis of the linguistic system that would dismiss the comprehension of the anthropological environment. It is shown that external anthropological factors bound to ethnicity are to be taken into account in the understanding of dialect convergences.
Towards a new scale for assessing attitudes towards social robots
Authors: Flensborg Damholdt Malene , Vestergaard Christina , Nørskov Marco , Hakli Raul , Larsen Stefan , Seibt Johanna
Published: January 2020

Background:The surge in the development of social robots gives rise to an increased need for systematic methods of assessing attitudes towards robots.

Aim:This study presents the development of a questionnaire for assessing attitudinal stance towards social robots: the ASOR.

Methods:The 37-item ASOR questionnaire was developed by a task-force with members from different disciplines. It was founded on theoretical considerations of how social robots could influence five different aspects of relatedness.

Results:Three hundred thirty-nine people responded to the survey. Factor analysis of the ASOR yielded a three-factor solution consisting of a total of 25 items: “ascription of mental capacities”, “ascription of socio-practical capacities”, and “ascription of socio-moral status”. This data was further triangulated with data from interviews (n = 10).

Conclusion:the ASOR allows for assessment of three distinct facets of ascription of capacities to social robots and offers a new type of assessment of attitudes towards social robots. It appeared that ASOR not only assesses ascription of capacities to social robots but it also gauged overall positive attitudes towards social robots.
How does environmental concern influence public acceptability of congestion charging? Evidence from Beijing
Authors: Ma Hua , He Guizhen
Published: January 2020

As a market-based instrument of transportation demand management, congestion charge can not only effectively reduce traffic congestion, but also improve air quality. However, due to its low public acceptability, this policy only has a few urban practices. As one of the fast-growing metropolises in emerging economies that are facing both traffic congestion and industrial pollution problems, Beijing is now considering the feasibility of implementing congestion charging. Some researchers address that though people with strong environmental concerns are more prone to support congestion charges, the associations between environmental concerns and support for congestion charges are context-dependent. A survey was conducted in Beijing in 2016 to understand how the pollution context in cities of emerging economies affects these associations. We find that the acceptability in Beijing is 33%, and expected policy effects and environmental concerns are the most important impact factors. Due to the influence of the regional industrial pollution context, most residents in Beijing do not consider congestion charge to be an effective way to tackle air pollution. Under these circumstances, even if the public environmental concerns, in general, are high and congestion charges are “marketed” as environmental policies, there is no guarantee that policy support will rise.
Photometric investigation on the W-subtype contact binary V1197 Her
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Soonthornthum Boonrucksar
Published: January 2020

Multi-color light curves of V1197 Her were obtained with the 2.4 meter optical telescope at the Thai National Observatory and the Wilson-Devinney (W-D) program was used to model the observational light curves. The photometric solutions reveal that V1197 Her is a W-subtype shallow contact binary system with a mass ratio ofq= 2.61 and a fill-out factor off= 15.7%. The temperature difference between the primary star and secondary star is only 140 K in spite of the low degree of contact, which means that V1197 Her is not only in geometrical contact configuration but is also already under thermal contact status. The orbital inclination of V1197 Her is as high asi= 82.7°, and the primary star is completely eclipsed at the primary minimum. The totally eclipsing characteristic implies that the determined physical parameters are highly reliable. The masses, radii and luminosities of the primary star (star 1) and secondary star (star 2) are estimated to beM1= 0.30(1)M⊙,M2= 0.77(2)M⊙,R1= 0.54(1)R⊙,R2= 0.83(1)R⊙,L1= 0.18(1)L⊙andL2= 0.38(1)L⊙. The evolutionary statuses of the two component stars are drawn in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, showing that the less massive but hotter primary star is more evolved than the secondary star. The period of V1197 Her is decreasing continuously at a rate ofdP/dt= −2.58 × 10−7day · year−1, which can be explained by mass transfer from the more massive star to the less massive one at a rate ofdM2dt=−1.61×10−7M⊙year−1. The light curves of V1197 Her are reported to show the O'Connell effect. Thus, a cool spot is added to the more massive star to model the asymmetry in the light curves.
Neutrino luminosity of stars with different masses
Authors: Shi Yang , Xue Xun , Zhu Chun-Hua , Wang Zhao-Jun , Liu He-Lei , Li Lin , Lü Guo-Liang
Published: January 2020

Neutrinos play an important role in stellar evolution. They are produced by nuclear reactions or thermal processes. Using the stellar evolution code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA), we study stellar neutrino luminosity with different masses. The neutrino luminosities of stars with different initial masses at different evolutionary stages are simulated. We find that the neutrino flux of a star with 1 M
⊙ mass at an evolutionary age of 4.61 × 109 yr is consistent with that of the Sun. In general, neutrinos are produced by nuclear reactions, and the neutrino luminosity of stars is about one or two magnitudes lower than the photo luminosity. However, neutrino luminosity can exceed photo luminosity during the helium flash which can occur for stars with a mass lower than 8 M
⊙. Although the helium flash does not produce neutrinos, plasma decay, one of the thermal processes, can efficiently make neutrinos during this stage. Due to the high mass-loss rate, a star with a mass of 9 M
⊙ does not undergo the helium flash. Its neutrinos mainly originate from nuclear reactions until the end of the AGB stage. At the end of the AGB stage, its neutrino luminosity results from plasma decay which is triggered by the gravitational energy release because of the stellar core contracting.
Active sub-reflector research for a large radio telescope
Authors: Wang Jin-Qing , Zhao Rong-Bin , Jiang Yong-Chen , Sun Zheng-Xiong , Yu Lin-Feng , Fu Li , Liu Qin-Hui , Zheng Wei-Min , Shen Zhi-Qiang
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes an active sub-reflector suitable for large radio telescopes, which can compensate both of the deformation of the main reflector and sub-reflector position offsets. The mathematical formula of the main reflector deformation compensated by the sub-reflector is deduced based on Cassegrain and Gregory antenna structures. The position of the sub-reflector is adjustable to compensate for defocusing errors on high and low elevations, which are mainly caused by the deformation of the sub-reflector supporting legs. In this paper, the method of obtaining the optimum position of the sub-reflector from the aperture phase by the interferometric method is introduced. The actual measurement is verified on the Tianma 65m radio telescope, which provides a new way to diagnose the position error of the sub-reflector.