bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile health‐empowered traditional ethnic sports: AI‐based data analysis improving security
Authors: Liu Ning , Jin Yuzhu
Published: February 2023

Traditional ethnic sports shape the Chinese nation's solid national spirit, and mobile health development has been extended to various fields. In this study, we empower mobile health to traditional ethnic sports. Sensors used for collecting health data are worn on athletes and communicated with sink nodes through the network to provide better training guidance for traditional ethnic sports athletes through data analysis. However, the devices used to collect health data may come from many companies, and aggregating the data inevitably involves data security. As a new basic artificial intelligence technology, federated learning can use the health data of athletes to train the data analysis model in the case of original data localization, to solve the security and privacy problems in health data sharing to a certain extent. To this end, a differentially private‐dynamic federated learning framework for dynamic aggregation weights under an untrusted central server is proposed, which sets a dynamic model aggregation weight, and this method directly learns federated learning from the data of different participants. The learning model aggregates the weights so that it is suitable for non‐independent data environments. Experimental results show that the proposed framework not only provides local privacy guarantees, but also achieves higher accuracy and improves the security of mobile health data of traditional ethnic sports athletes in federated learning.
“I bring them here to tell their stories”: Transnational Latina mothers' critical literacy practices in an intergenerational storytelling workshop
Authors: Gonzales Grace Cornell , Machado Emily , Plitkins Lauren
Published: February 2023

Family literacy programs are potential spaces of empowerment for transnational families, yet often draw from deficit logics that fail to acknowledge the rich language and literacy practices of Latinx communities. We brought together theories of critical literacy and theories of mothering as critical work to document how transnational Latina mothers in an intergenerational storytelling workshop reshaped the space toward their own goals. We explored how mothers in the workshop served as critical literacy pedagogues by writing, reading, and redesigning the workshop space in ways that asserted agency, fostered intergenerational learning, and pushed back against deficit narratives. We offer insights from the workshop experience to suggest ways in which educators, both in family literacy and K–12 settings, can learn from and partner with transnational parents.
Alcohol‐induced increase in BMP levels promotes fatty liver disease in male prediabetic stage Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty rats
Authors: Hong Oak‐Kee , Kim Eun Sook , Son Jang‐Won , Kim Sung‐Rae , Yoo Soon Jib , Kwon Hyuk‐Sang , Lee Seong‐Su
Published: February 2023

Alcohol consumption exacerbates liver abnormalities in animal models, but whether it increases the severity of liver disease in early diabetic or prediabetic rats is unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol‐induced liver steatosis or hepatitis, we used a prediabetic animal model. Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) rats were pair‐fed with an ethanol‐containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. Compared with controls, OLETF and LETO rats displayed more pronounced liver steatosis and higher plasma levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SPGT), indicating liver injury. Ethanol‐fed LETO (Pd‐L‐E) rats showed mild liver steatosis and no inflammation compared with ethanol‐fed OLETF (Pd‐O‐E) rats. Although precursor and active SREBP‐1 levels in the liver of ethanol‐fed OLETF rats significantly increased compared with control diet‐fed OLETF rats (Pd‐O‐C), those of Pd‐L‐E rats did not. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and TGF‐β1 balance in Pd‐O‐E rats was significantly altered because BMP signaling was upregulated by inducing BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, BMP9, Smad1, and Smad4, whereas TGF‐β1, Smad3, and Erk were downregulated. Activation of TGF‐β/Smad signaling inhibited BMP2 and BMP9 expression and increased epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker levels (Hepcidin, Snail, and Twist) in the liver of LETO rats. Livers of ethanol‐fed OLETF rats showed increased levels of vimentin, FSP‐1, α‐SMA, MMP1, MMP13, and collagen III compared with rats of other groups, whereas EMT marker levels did not change. Thus, BMP exerted anti‐ and/or pro‐fibrotic effects in ethanol‐fed rats. Therefore, BMP and TGF‐β, two key members of the TGF‐β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in liver steatosis in young LETO and OLETF rats.
Exercise training restores weight gain and attenuates hepatic inflammation in a rat model of non‐celiac gluten sensitivity
Authors: Pauli José R. , Muñoz Vitor R. , Vieira Renan Fudoli Lins , Nakandakari Susana C. B. R. , Macêdo Ana Paula Azevêdo , de Lima Robson Damasceno , Antunes Gabriel Calheiros , Simabuco Fernando M. , da Silva Adelino Sanchez Ramos , de Moura Leandro P. , Ropelle Eduardo R. , Cintra Dennys E. , Mekary Rania A. , Zaghloul Iman
Published: February 2023

Gluten intolerance is associated with several disorders in the body. Although research has grown in recent years, the understanding of its impact on different tissues and the effects of physical exercise in mitigating health problems in the condition of gluten intolerance are still limited. Therefore, our objective was to test whether gliadin would affect metabolism and inflammation in liver tissue and whether aerobic physical exercise would mitigate the negative impacts of gliadin administration in rodents. Wistar rats were divided into exercised gliadin, gliadin, and control groups. Gliadin was administered by gavage from birth to 60 days of age. The rats in the exercised gliadin group performed an aerobic running exercise training protocol for 15 days. At the end of the experiments, physiological, histological, and molecular analyzes were performed in the study. Compared to the control group, the gliadin group had impaired weight gain and increased gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and inflammatory biomarkers in the liver. On the other hand, compared to the gliadin group, animals in the exercise‐gliadin group had a recovery in body weight, improved insulin sensitivity, and a reduction in some gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and inflammatory biomarkers in the liver. In conclusion, our results revealed that the administration of gliadin from birth impaired weight gain and induced an increase in hepatic inflammatory cytokines, which was associated with an impairment of glycemic homeostasis in the liver, all of which were attenuated by adding aerobic exercise training in the gliadin group.
The liver kinase B1 supports mammary epithelial morphogenesis by inhibiting critical factors that mediate epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Tzavlaki Kalliopi , Ohata Yae , Morén Anita , Watanabe Yukihide , Eriksson Jens , Tsuchiya Maiko , Kubo Yuki , Yamamoto Kouhei , Sellin Mikael E. , Kato Mitsuyasu , Caja Laia , Heldin Carl‐Henrik , Moustakas Aristidis
Published: February 2023

The liver kinase B1 (LKB1) controls cellular metabolism and cell polarity across species. We previously established a mechanism for negative regulation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling by LKB1. The impact of this mechanism in the context of epithelial polarity and morphogenesis remains unknown. After demonstrating that human mammary tissue expresses robust LKB1 protein levels, whereas invasive breast cancer exhibits significantly reduced LKB1 levels, we focused on mammary morphogenesis studies in three dimensional (3D) acinar organoids. CRISPR/Cas9‐introduced loss‐of‐function mutations of STK11 (LKB1) led to profound defects in the formation of 3D organoids, resulting in amorphous outgrowth and loss of rotation of young organoids embedded in matrigel. This defect was associated with an enhanced signaling by TGFβ, including TGFβ auto‐induction and induction of transcription factors that mediate epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Protein marker analysis confirmed a more efficient EMT response to TGFβ signaling in LKB1 knockout cells. Accordingly, chemical inhibition of the TGFβ type I receptor kinase largely restored the morphogenetic defect of LKB1 knockout cells. Similarly, chemical inhibition of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway or the TANK‐binding kinase 1, or genetic silencing of the EMT factor SNAI1, partially restored the LKB1 knockout defect. Thus, LKB1 sustains mammary epithelial morphogenesis by limiting pathways that promote EMT. The observed downregulation of LKB1 expression in breast cancer is therefore predicted to associate with enhanced EMT induced by SNAI1 and TGFβ family members.
Analysis of the results of hip ultrasonography in 48 666 infants and efficacy studies of conservative treatment
Authors: He Jingnan , Chen Tao , Lyu Xuemin
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the detection rate of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) by ultrasound. To obtain the distribution characteristics of the different types (I–IV) and the role of ultrasound in the evaluation of infants with DDH (type IIc and above) receiving conservative treatment.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed. The chi‐square test was used for comparisons between count‐data groups. Two‐sided tests were used for all analyses. The results of ultrasound follow‐up after conservative treatment are described.

Results

Among the 48 666 infants examined, the detection rates were as follows: type I, 95.42%; IIa, 3.18%; IIb, 0.91%; IIc, 0.22%; D, 0.01%; III, 0.14%; and IV, 0.12%. There were 4456 hips with IIa and above, more left (54.65%) than right (45.35%) hips, and more females (82.60%) than males (17.40%). The detection rate of type IIa and above was 4.58%, and that of type IIb and above was 1.40%. After the treatment, the α value increased, and β value decreased. The cure rate of the less‐than‐42‐days group was higher than that of the other groups.

Conclusion

The ultrasound detection rate of DDH is high. DDH was more likely to occur on the left side and in females. It is recommended that the infants should be treated within 42 days.
Degradation of band3 and PRDX2 in erythrocytes during severe acute GVHD
Authors: Nagasawa Masayuki
Published: February 2023

We investigated the proteins of erythrocytes from stem cell transplantation patients and found decreased expression of band3 and C‐terminal‐truncated peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) only during severe graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), using time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS) analysis and Western blotting. During the same period, PRDX2 dimerization and calpain‐1 activation were observed, indicating severe oxidative stress. We also found a putative cleavage site for calpain‐1 in the C‐terminal‐truncated site of PRDX2. Decreased band3 expression impairs the plasticity and stability of erythrocytes, and C‐terminal‐truncated PRDX2 induces irreversible dysfunction of antioxidant activity. These effects may exacerbate microcirculation disorders and the progression of organ dysfunction.
Rapid MRI Assessment of Long‐Axis Strain to Indicate Systolic Dysfunction in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Grützediek Katharina , Fischer Roland , Kurio Gregory , Böckelmann Lukas , Bleeke Matthias , Hagar Robert Ward , Tahir Enver , Grosse Regine , Weyhmiller Marcela , Adam Gerhard , Bannas Peter , Schoennagel Bjoern P.
Published: February 2023

Background

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have a unique form of cardiomyopathy. However, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is often preserved. Monoplanar long‐axis strain (LAS) can be assessed from MRI four‐chamber views and may be better at detecting mild systolic dysfunction in these patients.

Purpose

To compare LAS (monoplanar and biplanar) with LVEF as a marker of systolic dysfunction in SCD patients.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

A total of 20 patients with genetically proven SCD (35 MRI examinations), 39 healthy controls, and 124 patients with systemic iron overload (for validation purposes).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T/3 T. Cine balanced steady‐state free‐precession.

Assessment

Rapidly assessed biplanar LAS from four‐ and two‐chamber views was correlated with age and compared to LVEF by two operators. For validation, biplanar LAS was compared to global longitudinal strain (GLS) using MRI feature‐tracking in 124 patients with systemic iron overload.

Statistical Tests

Bland–Altman analysis. Wilcoxon‐Mann–Whitney test and Spearman‐rank correlation (correlation coefficient, rS). Receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (area under the curve, AUC). Bivariate discriminant analysis. Significance level: P < 0.01.

Results

There was strong correlation between biplanar LAS and GLS using feature tracking (rS = 0.73). Interoperator agreement showed nonsignificant bias for biplanar LAS (−0.02%; ±95%‐agreement interval −2.2%/2.2%, P = 0.9). Biplanar LAS increased significantly with age in controls (rS = 0.70). In SCD patients, biplanar LAS was better correlated with age than monoplanar LAS (r2 = 0.53, standard error of estimate, SEE = 1.4% vs. r2 = 0.37;SEE = 2.0%). ROC analysis of LVEF, biplanar LAS, and age‐adjusted Z‐scores Z (LAS(age)) showed AUCs of 0.69, 0.75, and 0.86 for differentiation between SCD patients and controls. Bivariate discriminant analysis of biplanar Z (LAS(age)) and LVEF revealed a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 95%.

Data Conclusion

Rapidly assessed biplanar LAS demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy and was an indicator of mild systolic dysfunction in patients with SCD. Biplanar LAS provided more precise measurements than monoplanar, and normalization to age increased diagnostic accuracy.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Brain network deficits in breast cancer patients after early neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A longitudinal MRI study
Authors: Yang Jing , Deng Yongchun , Liu Daihong , Tan Yong , Lin Meng , Zhou Xiaoyu , Zhang Jing , Yu Hong , Hu Yixin , Tang Yu , Jiang Shixi , Zhang Jiuquan
Published: February 2023

Breast cancer (BC) patients who undergo chemotherapy are likely to develop chemotherapy‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Recent studies of BC patients after chemotherapy have used graph theory to investigate the topological properties of the brain functional connectome. However, little is known about structural morphological networks in BC patients after early neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Brain morphological network organization in 47 female participants with BC was investigated before and after NAC. Topological properties of brain networks were ascertained based on morphological similarities in regional gray matter using a graph theory approach based on 3D T1‐weighted MRI data. Nonparametric permutation testing was used to assess longitudinal‐group differences in topological metrics. Compared with BC patients before NAC, BC patients after early NAC showed significantly increased global efficiency (p = .048), decreased path length (p = .033), and abnormal nodal properties and connectivity, mainly located in the central executive network (CEN). The change in the network efficiency of the right caudate was negatively correlated with the change in the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale score (r = −.435, p = .008), and the change in the nodal degree of the left superior frontal gyrus (dorsolateral part) was positively correlated with the change in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy score (r = .547, p = .002). BC participants showed randomization in global properties and dysconnectivity in the CEN after early NAC. NAC may disrupt the cognitive balance of the brain morphological network in individuals with BC.
Structural change kinetics, drying characteristics, antioxidant properties, and the correlation between quality parameters of dried duckweed (Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimm) affected by different levels of microwave power
Authors: Suebsamran Isaret , Dachyong Ajirawadee , Tira‐Umphon Arak , Soubsub Kamolwan , Phahom Traiphop
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Duckweed is considered as a future food material due to its fast growth, high yield, high nutritional value, and low impact on land use. However, in its fresh form, it has high moisture content (95% wet basis), resulting in a short shelf life. In this study, microwave drying (MWD) was conducted to produce a shelf‐stable duckweed with minimal loss of quality. Drying characteristics and quality aspects of dried duckweed were assessed. Reaction order kinetics, including zero and first order, was applied to describe structural changes during drying process. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to select the appropriate drying conditions.

RESULTS

Of five drying models, the Midilli–Kucuk model was the one that best described the drying process. Drying at high microwave power could reduce energy consumption and increase energy efficiency. Increasing both microwave power and drying time increased the structural shrinkage rate as described by first‐order reaction kinetics. High correlations among quality parameters were observed using Pearson's correlation. Drying treatments were differentiated into two main clusters by HCA and the results showed that MWD at 720 and 900 W provided samples that were closer in terms of quality to a freeze dried sample (the positive control) than samples that had been subjected to MWD at 450 W.

CONCLUSION

Drying behaviors of duckweed were well‐described by the Midilli–Kucuk model. Microwave drying at 900 W gave the lowest energy consumption and displayed the most efficient use of energy. The first‐order equation could be used effectively to describe the structural changes in the duckweed. Microwave drying at 720 and 900 W was the appropriate drying condition according to the HCA classification. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Integrated microbiome and metabolomics analysis reveal a closer relationship between soil metabolites and bacterial community than fungal community in pecan plantations
Authors: Liu Junping , Tang Yujie , Bao Jiashu , Wang Hankun , Chen Mengyun , Peng Fangren , Tan Pengpeng
Published: February 2023

Understanding soil metabolic diversity and the chemical signals that shape rhizosphere microbial activity is important for protecting plants and improving forest productivity. At present, little information is known about the metabolites in the rhizosphere soil of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) plantation. Based on technologies of untargeted metabolomics and high‐throughput sequencing, we investigated differences in the metabolic profiles of rhizosphere and bulk soils and the relationship between metabolites and microorganisms in pecan plantations. The results showed that the abundance of metabolites in rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that in bulk soil (p < 0.05), especially reflected in plant secondary metabolites and lipids. Orientaloside and marmesin rutinoside were significantly enriched in rhizosphere soil metabolites of pecan at three pecan ages (VIP >1, p < 0.05). The linoleic acid and α‐linolenic acid metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in the differential metabolic set (p < 0.01). In addition, tryptophan metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and galactose metabolism were also important factors affecting the rhizosphere metabolic spectrum. Differential metabolites between bulk and rhizosphere soils were more closely associated with bacteria than with fungal communities, particularly in young pecans. With the increasing age of pecans, new significant enrichment of plant secondary metabolites such as cyanidin, 3‐trans‐caffeoyltormentic acid, N‐(1‐Deoxy‐1‐fructosyl) serine and piperdia emerged in the rhizosphere soil. 3‐trans‐caffeoyltormentic acid was positively related to Saitozyma and Protoglossum. Phenylacetaldehyde was positively correlated with Gaiellaceae, Tausonia, and Tuber. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of interaction between pecans and microorganisms.
Tillage with straw incorporation reduces the optimal nitrogen rate for maize production by affecting crop uptake, utility efficiency, and the soil balance of nitrogen
Authors: Wang Zhengyu , Sui Pengxiang , Lian Hongli , Li Yanan , Liu Xiyu , Xu Haoran , Zhang Hongyu , Xu Yingying , Gong Xiangwei , Qi Hua , Jiang Ying
Published: February 2023

Understanding the combined effects of tillage and straw incorporation on grain yield and nitrogen (N) fertilizer utilization is vital for sustainable agriculture in northeastern China. How various tillage patterns with straw incorporation affect soil N balance and optimal N rate for crop production remains largely unknown. A four‐year (2015–2018) field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of rotary tillage with maize straw incorporation (RTS) and plough tillage with straw incorporation (PTS) combined with different N fertilizer rates (0, 112, 187, 262, and 337 kg N ha−1) on maize yield, N uptake, soil N balance, nitrogen use efficiency, and optimal N rate. In general, higher straw N uptake and lower N partial factor productivity, N use efficiency, and recovery of applied N in grains were obtained under PTS than under RTS. Moreover, grain yield and both straw and grain N uptake increased with the N application rate. However, no further increase in grain yield was observed when the applied N exceeded 187 kg N ha−1. PTS resulted in a higher level of unaccounted N from applied N fertilizer (38–81 kg N ha−1) than RTS. A high N fertilizer input (>262 kg N ha−1) combined with straw incorporation resulted in a high soil mineral N profit and substantially increased unaccounted N (614–715 kg N ha−1) over the four‐year field trial period. The optimal N input required for the highest maize yield could be reduced by 35.0%–44.6% using tillage with straw return. Nevertheless, PTS was more effective than RTS at lowering the optimal N application rate. Overall, the results of this short‐term maize field study conducted in northeastern China suggest that the amount of N fertilizer input required for maize production could be reduced by using tillage with continuous straw incorporation.
Plant α‐and β‐diversity, and soil microbial stoichiometry co‐regulate the alterations in ecosystem multifunctionality in response to grazing and N addition in a typical steppe
Authors: Li Lan , Wang Mengyuan , He Xiong Zhao , Wang Zhen , Zhang Xiumin , Hu Junqi , Huang Ling , Hou Fujiang
Published: February 2023

Despite their significance, how interactions of plant diversity at multiple spatial scales and soil microbial stoichiometry alter a series of ecosystem functions (multifunctionality, EMF) in response to anthropogenic nitrogen (N) input and herbivores are poorly known. We conducted a 17‐year sheep grazing experiment with 6‐year N addition to explore the impacts of grazing (0, 2.7, 5.3 and 8.7 sheep ha−1) and N addition (N0, N5, N10 and N20, i.e., 0, 5, 10 and 20 g N m−2 yr−1, respectively) on grassland functions and EMF via changes in plant α‐and β‐diversity, and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) of soil microbes in a typical steppe. The results show that grazing or N addition alone significantly affected EMF with a treatment order of 2.7 and 8.7 sheep ha−1 > 0 and 5.3 sheep ha−1 for grazing intensity or N5 > N10 and N20 > N0 for N addition, which resulted in a significant higher EMF in the combination treatment of 2.7 sheep ha−1 and 5 g N m−2 yr−1. Plant α‐and β‐diversity, and soil microbial C:N were the predominant drivers of changes in EMF. Grazing reduced EMF indirectly by decreasing the plant β‐diversity. N addition promoted EMF indirectly by decreasing plant α‐diversity. In addition, lower plant α‐diversity enhanced EMF indirectly by increasing soil microbial C:N. Our results suggest that the negative effects of herbivore on EMF were stronger at larger spatial scales compared to the smaller local communities, while N addition could maintain a higher level of EMF at smaller scales rather than at the larger ones. Our results highlight that multiple spatial scales should be considered to fully unravel the effects of herbivore and eutrophication on ecosystem functions. Our results also demonstrate the important role of soil microbe in maintaining higher grassland multifunctionality, thus we should include the soil microbial functions (i.e., C and N transformation) in further studies. Our results suggest that grazing at a low grazing intensity of 2.7 sheep ha−1 with a low N supplementation of 5 g N m−2 yr−1 could maintain the most important ecosystem functions. Our work provides important insight into grassland conservation and management, aiming to maintain the capacity of grasslands to sustainably supply ecological and productive functions.
Effects of compound betamethasone on vocal fold wound healing in rabbit model: A preliminary study
Authors: Yu Pengcheng , Xue Chao , Kiehn Sebastian , Fang Rui , Jiang Jack J.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The compound betamethasone is widely used to prevent scarring in dermatology. This study aims to explore the effects of compound betamethasone on vocal fold (VF) wound healing.

Study design

Prospective animal study in rabbits.

Methods

Eighteen rabbits underwent bilateral VF stripping and three rabbits served as controls. 0.1 mL of compound betamethasone (1 mL: betamethasone sodium phosphate 5 mg and betamethasone dipropionate 2 mg) was injected into the right VF of each rabbit, and 0.1 mL 0.9% saline was injected into the contralateral VF. Endoscopy was performed for morphologic observation. Six larynges were harvested for histological analysis at 3 days, 7 days, and 1 month. The VFs were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Alcian blue, and Masson' trichrome staining.

Results

In morphological analysis, there was no visible difference between betamethasone‐treated and saline‐treated VFs at 3 and 7 days. After 1 month, more VF scars appeared on the saline‐treated VFs than the VFs treated with betamethasone. Inflammatory cell number showed significant difference between both VFs at 3 days (p = .037) and 7 days (p = .045). No significant different was found in epithelial thickness at 1 month between the betamethasone and saline groups. The collagen in the saline‐treated VFs was significantly denser than that of the betamethasone‐treated group (p = .037). There was also a significant increase in the level of hyaluronic acid (HA) in betamethasone‐injected VFs in comparison to the saline‐injected VFs (p = .006).

Conclusions

Based on this study, compound betamethasone can improve VF healing. Our findings suggest that VF injection with compound betamethasone helps to minimize scarring by increasing HA level and decreasing collagen density.
Mass spectrometry analysis of phosphotyrosine‐containing proteins
Authors: Li Jiajia , Zhan Xianquan
Published: February 2023

Tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial posttranslational modification that is involved in various aspects of cell biology and often has functions in cancers. It is necessary not only to identify the specific phosphorylation sites but also to quantify their phosphorylation levels under specific pathophysiological conditions. Because of its high sensitivity and accuracy, mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used to identify endogenous and synthetic phosphotyrosine proteins/peptides across a range of biological systems. However, phosphotyrosine‐containing proteins occur in extremely low abundance and they degrade easily, severely challenging the application of MS. This review highlights the advances in both quantitative analysis procedures and enrichment approaches to tyrosine phosphorylation before MS analysis and reviews the differences among phosphorylation, sulfation, and nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins. In‐depth insights into tyrosine phosphorylation in a wide variety of biological systems will offer a deep understanding of how signal transduction regulates cellular physiology and the development of tyrosine phosphorylation‐related drugs as cancer therapeutics.
Morphological prognosis prediction of choroid neovascularization from longitudinal SD‐OCT images
Authors: Shen Jiayan , Chen Zhongyue , Peng Yuanyuan , Zhang Siqi , Xu Chenan , Zhu Weifang , Liu Haiyun , Chen Xinjian
Published: February 2023

Background

Choroid neovascularization (CNV) has no obvious symptoms in the early stage, but with its gradual expansion, leakage, rupture, and bleeding, it can cause vision loss and central scotoma. In some severe cases, it will lead to permanent visual impairment.

Purpose

Accurate prediction of disease progression can greatly help ophthalmologists to formulate appropriate treatment plans and prevent further deterioration of the disease. Therefore, we aim to predict the growth trend of CNV to help the attending physician judge the effectiveness of treatment.

Methods

In this paper, we develop a CNN‐based method for CNV growth prediction. To achieve this, we first design a registration network to rigidly register the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) B‐scans of each subject at different time points to eliminate retinal displacements of longitudinal data. Then, considering the correlation of longitudinal data, we propose a co‐segmentation network with a correlation attention guidance (CAG) module to cooperatively segment CNV lesions of a group of follow‐up images and use them as input for growth prediction. Finally, based on the above registration and segmentation networks, an encoder‐recurrent‐decoder framework is developed for CNV growth prediction, in which an attention‐based gated recurrent unit (AGRU) is embedded as the recurrent neural network to recurrently learn robust representations.

Results

The registration network rigidly registers the follow‐up images of patients to the reference images with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 6.754 pixels. And compared with other state‐of‐the‐art segmentation methods, the proposed segmentation network achieves high performance with the Dice similarity coefficients (Dsc) of 85.27%. Based on the above experiments, the proposed growth prediction network can play a role in predicting the future CNV morphology, and the predicted CNV has a Dsc of 83.69% with the ground truth, which is significantly consistent with the actual follow‐up visit.

Conclusion

The proposed registration and segmentation networks provide the possibility for growth prediction. In addition, accurately predicting the growth of CNV enables us to know the efficacy of the drug against individuals in advance, creating opportunities for formulating appropriate treatment plans.
Immunonutrition vs standard nutrition for patients with cancer
Authors: Kavalukas Sandra , McClave Stephen A.
Published: February 2023

The prevailing belief in the value of immunonnutrition has been questioned as different patient populations show variable responses ranging from no benefit or even harm to significant improvements in clinical outcomes. The subject of this invited review is a previously published meta‐analysis that showed important benefits from the perioperative use of an immunonutrition formula (defined as nutrition therapy that contains specific immune‐modulating agents) in a distinct population: adult patients with cancer undergoing an elective major surgical operation. Findings showed that use of an immunonutrition formula was associated with reduced infectious morbidity, anastomotic leakage, hospital length of stay, and postoperative complications compared with standard formulations. These benefits were seen after adjusting for bias and removal of older publications. Issues, such as dosing, duration of therapy, baseline nutrition status, content of specific immunomodulatory agents, and route of delivery that contributed to the beneficial response, were discussed. Little difference in response was seen between well‐nourished and malnourished patients, but geographic differences were seen, with greater outcome benefits seen in studies originating from Europe than from Asia or the United States. The best results were seen when at least three agents (arginine, fish oil, and RNA nucleotides) were given, with the timing of the delivery occurring throughout the perioperative period. A review of this meta‐analysis is warranted because it shows a consistent benefit from such therapy over 30 years of clinical research, provides a detailed subset analysis of related issues, and highlights its value in improving outcome in this patient population.
Mixed‐methods study protocol for exploring the perception of nurses' resilience in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Designing, implementing and evaluation of intervention
Authors: Hoseini Azizi Tooba , Dehghan Nayeri Nahid , Jackson Alun C. , Bahramnezhad Fatemeh
Published: February 2023

Background

While the necessity for interventions to build resilient nurses in the COVID‐19 pandemic is recognized, there is disagreement about the effective methods for achieving this.

Aim

We present our research protocol that describes plans to design and test an interventional program for promoting nurses' resilience.

Design

This sequential exploratory interventional mixed‐methods study is conducted in three phases (qualitative, intervention design, and quantitative).

Methods

It was funded from May 2021 for 24 months. In phase 1, we explored strategies for promoting resilience in the COVID‐19 pandemic from nurses' perspectives (through semi‐structured interviews). In phase 2, we will design an interventional program for promoting nurses' resilience (using the qualitative phase and literature review results). We will assess the program's effectiveness on nurses' resilience in a randomized controlled trial in phase 3.

Discussion

Given the different experiences of nurses of resilience in COVID‐19, our innovative program can guide future research to enhance nurses' resilience based on specific situations.
Establishing causal relationships between sleep and adiposity traits using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Hayes Bryony L. , Vabistsevits Marina , Martin Richard M. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Richmond Rebecca C. , Robinson Timothy
Published: February 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the direction of any potential causal effect between sleep and adiposity traits.

Methods

Two‐sample Mendelian randomization was used to assess the association of genetically predicted sleep traits with adiposity and vice versa. Using data from UK Biobank and 23andMe, the sleep traits explored were morning preference (chronotype; N = 697,828), insomnia (N = 1,331,010), sleep duration (N = 446,118), napping (N = 452,633), and daytime sleepiness (N = 452,071). Using data from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) and Early Growth Genetics (EGG) consortia, the adiposity traits explored were adult BMI, hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), waist‐hip ratio (WHR; N = 322,154), and childhood BMI (N = 35,668).

Results

This study found evidence that insomnia symptoms increased mean WC, BMI, and WHR (difference in means, WC = 0.39 SD [95% CI: 0.13‐0.64], BMI = 0.47 SD [95% CI: 0.22‐0.73], and WHR = 0.34 SD [95% CI: 0.16‐0.52]). Napping increased mean WHR (0.23 SD [95% CI: 0.08‐0.39]). Higher HC, WC, and adult BMI increased odds of daytime sleepiness (HC = 0.02 SD [95% CI: 0.01‐0.04], WC = 0.04 SD [95% CI: 0.01‐0.06], and BMI 0.02 SD [95% CI: 0.00‐0.04]). This study also found that higher mean childhood BMI resulted in lower odds of napping (−0.01 SD [95% CI: 0.02‐0.00]).

Conclusions

The effects of insomnia on adiposity and of adiposity on daytime sleepiness suggest that poor sleep and weight gain may contribute to a feedback loop that could be detrimental to overall health.
New strategies for surface modification of poly (vinyl alcohol) toward click chemistry applications
Authors: Nassar Mahmoud M. A. , Alzebdeh Khalid I. , Awad Sameer A. , Khalaf Eman M.
Published: February 2023

In this study, new synthesis strategies for poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) functionalized with azidation (Az) and alkynation (Alk) were carried out for surface functionality modification. These two functionalization routes utilize azide and alkyne groups, respectively, and offer simple way to enhance the PVA crosslinking capabilities toward producing new functional polymer‐based materials. The Az functionalized PVA was prepared in two steps and denoted by PVA‐Az, while Alk functionalized PVA was prepared in one step to produce PVA‐Alk. Surfaces modification of PVA by using Az and Alk functional groups was confirmed by spectral analysis (Fourier transform infrared and 13C‐NMR). Results showed that Alk prompted excellent chemical modifications on the surface of PVA while the thermal stability was enhanced by functionalizing the Az and Alk into PVA. Furthermore, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations showed a successful functionalization and new functional groups addition to PVA surface. Scanning electron microscope images were used to analyze the surface morphology of PVA by incorporating the Az and Alk groups, which indicated rougher surfaces compared to that of PVA backbone. In terms of efficiency and simplicity, the techniques used in this study appear to be entirely satisfactory.
Design, synthesis and characterization of novel fluorinated polyimide membranes with bulky pendant for gas transport
Authors: Wu Weilian , Lai Shiqing , Niu Hongchao , Liu Chanjuan , Huang Zengfang , Zhou Li , Huang Xiaohua
Published: February 2023

Three novel fluorinated polyimides (PIs) were synthesized via one‐step solution polycondensation from a new diamine monomer, 4‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)‐2,6‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)pyridine, and three commercially available aromatic dianhydrides. The solubility, thermal, optical, hydrophobic and gas transport properties of the obtained PIs were investigated. The results demonstrated that these polymers present good solubility in dimethylformamide, N‐methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacrylamide, CHCl3, tetrahydrofuran and CH2Cl2 at room temperature or upon heating. Meanwhile, they displayed excellent thermal properties with glass transition temperature of 261–345 °C, weight loss temperatures at 10% of 518–523 °C as well as char yield of 60–62% at 800 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. Furthermore, the PI membranes have good hydrophobic properties with water contact angle value in the range 90.1–92.0°. Moreover, they show excellent optical properties, with cut‐off wavelength (λcut‐off) values of 368–381 nm and wavelength values at 80% transmittance (λ80%) of 421–462 nm. The pure gas permeabilities of He, CO2, O2 and N2 of the PI membranes were measured by the method of constant volume–variable pressure. The PI containing 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropyl)diphthalic anhydride moiety exhibits the largest molecular chain spacing and free volume, giving the best gas transport performance in this work. Molecular simulation results show that the introduction of fluorine‐containing structure and bulky pendant into polymer backbones is beneficial for gas transport. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Insights into the sulfur metabolism of Chlorobaculum tepidum by label‐free quantitative proteomics
Authors: Lyratzakis Alexandros , Meier‐Credo Jakob , Langer Julian D , Tsiotis Georgios
Published: February 2023

Chlorobaculum tepidum is an anaerobic green sulfur bacterium which oxidizes sulfide, elemental sulfur, and thiosulfate for photosynthetic growth. It can also oxidize sulfide to produce extracellular S0 globules, which can be further oxidized to sulfate and used as an electron donor. Here, we performed label‐free quantitative proteomics on total cell lysates prepared from different metabolic states, including a sulfur production state (10 h post‐incubation [PI]), the beginning of sulfur consumption (20 h PI), and the end of sulfur consumption (40 h PI), respectively. We observed an increased abundance of the sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (Sqr) proteins in 10 h PI indicating a sulfur production state. The periplasmic thiosulfate‐oxidizing Sox enzymes and the dissimilatory sulfite reductase (Dsr) subunits showed an increased abundance in 20 h PI, corresponding to the sulfur‐consuming state. In addition, we found that the abundance of the heterodisulfide‐reductase and the sulfhydrogenase operons was influenced by electron donor availability and may be associated with sulfur metabolism. Further, we isolated and analyzed the extracellular sulfur globules in the different metabolic states to study their morphology and the sulfur cluster composition, yielding 58 previously uncharacterized proteins in purified globules. Our results show that C. tepidum regulates the cellular levels of enzymes involved in sulfur metabolism in response to the availability of reduced sulfur compounds.
On the BPS Sector in AdS3/CFT2 Holography
Authors: Martinec Emil J. , Massai Stefano , Turton David
Published: February 2023

The BPS sector in duality has been fertile ground for the exploration of gauge/gravity duality, from the match between black hole entropy and the CFT elliptic genus to the construction of large families of geometrical microstates and the identification of the corresponding states in the CFT. Worldsheet methods provide a tool to further explore the relation between string theory in the bulk and corresponding CFT quantities. We show how to match individual BPS strings to their counterparts in the symmetric product orbifold CFT. In the process, we find an exact match between known constructions of microstate geometries and condensates of BPS supergraviton strings, and discuss their role in the broader collection of BPS states. In particular, we explore how microstate geometries develop singularities; and how string theory resolves these singularities through the appearance of “tensionless” string dynamics, which is the continuation of structures found in the weak‐coupling CFT into the strongly coupled regime described by string theory in the bulk. We argue that such “tensionless” strings are responsible for black hole microstructure in the bulk description.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation of maribavir to support dose selection and regulatory approval in adolescents with posttransplant refractory cytomegalovirus
Authors: Sun Kefeng , Hayes Siobhan , Farrell Colm , Song Ivy H.
Published: February 2023

Maribavir was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients aged ≥12 years and weighing ≥35 kg with posttransplant cytomegalovirus infection/disease refractory (with/without resistance) to valganciclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, or foscarnet, with an oral dose of 400 mg twice daily. With no pediatric clinical data available and difficulty in trial recruitment, population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations were conducted to predict the pharmacokinetics and inform maribavir dosing in adolescents.
An In Situ‐Fabricated All‐Inorganic Perovskite/MoO3 Heterojunction by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Its Photoresponse Properties
Authors: Wang Yijun , Li Jinhua , Shi Kaixi , Tan Fengxue , Wang Wanyu
Published: February 2023

All‐inorganic lead halide perovskite CsPbBr3 has received a lot of attention in the field of optoelectronic devices due to its high absorption coefficient and photoelectric conversion efficiency. Using a heterojunction as the core of a photodetector (PD) to transform the optical signal into an electrical signal compensates for the deficiencies of using a single material. Here, a simple and efficient chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is used to fabricate a CsPbBr3/MoO3/ITO heterojunction PD with superior photoresponse properties, including photoresponsivity of 37.209 A W−1 and detectivity of 1.64 × 1012 Jones at bias voltage of 3 V. Compared with pure CsPbBr3 perovskite, the responsivity of the PD is 3.54 times as great. As a photosensitive layer, CsPbBr3 absorbs photons and releases electrons due to its high optical absorption coefficient. The introduction of MoO3 plays a role in promoting the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers of the heterojunction structure and improves device performance. This study provides groundwork facilitating the use of CVD for in situ growth of high‐performance all‐inorganic perovskite heterostructures to realize the prospect of large‐scale production of perovskite PDs.
Traditional medicine herbs as natural product matrices in cancer chemoprevention: A trans pharmacological perspective (scoping review)
Authors: Kalachaveedu Mangathayaru , Senthil Reshma , Azhagiyamanavalan Sowndarya , Ravi Ramnarayanan , Meenakshisundaram Harikrishnan , Dharmarajan Arunasalam
Published: February 2023

Emerging evidence on molecular biology related to tumors, inflammation, and immunity, highlights their architectural commonality shifting cancer treatment paradigms toward more economical prevention than treatment. Statistical surveys reveal exponentially growing herbal drug supplementation in cancer worldwide as vast pre‐clinical and clinical data unravel their multi‐mechanistic pharmacology. The integrative oncological approach calls for more “holistic” principles to be amalgamated into cancer care. New cancer drug development from herbs need not be limited by the archetypal ‘RCT‐Standardization’ bottlenecks. Based on comprehensive literature scoping as per Prisma‐ScR guidelines, we herein concurrently reviewed evidence‐based research reports of selected Indian Traditional Medicine (ITM) herbs of anticancer repute in parallel with their holistic therapeutics; a rationalistic exploration of ITM's scientific genre. Their synergy effect on cancer revisited using a trans‐pharmacological approach validates ITM's seemingly simplistic health/disease equation model, showing a fresh new avenue for re‐purposing whole herbal drug complexes in cancer management. Herbal drugs as per ITM are natural matrices whose dynamics of interaction in the etiopathology of cancer are conceptually and mechanistically integrative. Lateral perspective to the same as laid out in this review holds the key to their effectual development as more tangible cancer chemopreventives/new drug targets/leads if not as new pharmacological tools.
The effect of lung recruitment manoeuvre in COVID‐19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Lin Wei‐Chiang , Lin Shang‐Yi , Tsai Meng‐Che , Chung Fu‐Tsai , Chang Hsiu‐Mei
Published: February 2023

Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) is a highly spread infectious disease around the world. This infectious disease impacts whole body systems, specifically on respiratory system. This 57‐year‐old women had diagnosed COVID‐19 positive and progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) within 1 week. Mechanical ventilation with protective lung strategy, prone position could not reverse the worsen hypoxemia and bilateral lung infiltration. Recruitment manoeuvre was proceeded with 40–40 strategy and protective/ventilation tool (P/V tool). After 4 days (8 rounds) of recruitment manoeuvre, oxygenation level and lung compliance showed dramatic improvement. The patient was finally extubated at COVID‐19 Day 40 and discharged with long term oxygen use at COVID‐19 Day 60. In this case, we report how recruitment manoeuvre can improve severe hypoxemia and bilateral lung infiltration dramatically in ARDS.
Secure formation control for resilient multi‐agent cyber‐physical systems under DoS attacks and faults
Authors: Liu Yishi , Dong Xiwang , Ren Zhang , Liu Jianwei
Published: February 2023

A distributed cyber‐security and fault tolerance formation problem is considered in this paper. This is done though a multi‐agent system in which all agents concentrate on a formation reference function and accomplish a desired time‐varying formation even in the presence of malicious attacks and multiple faults. To achieve the resilient control task, a distributed control protocol using an event‐triggered technique and active reconfigurable strategy is proposed in the face of adverse effects for the overall system. When denial of service is launched by adversaries, the attack parameters are bounded by analyzing the Lyapunov stability theorem and the property of the Laplacian matrix. To improve the capability of fault‐tolerance, an observer‐based fault estimator is used to calculate fault values. The simulation results validate that the presented scheme can perfectly address the distributed formation issue with faults over attack intervals.