bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency, prognosis, and clinical features of unexpected versus expected cardiac arrest in the emergency department: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Szaruta-Raflesz Karolina , Łopaciński Tomasz , Siemiński Mariusz
Published: September 2022

Background. Though out-of-hospital CA (OHCA) is widely reported, data on in-hospital CA (IHCA), and especially cardiac arrest (CA) in the emergency department (CAED), are scarce. This study aimed to determine the frequency, prevalence, and clinical features of unexpected CA in the ED and compare the data with those of expected CA in the ED.
Methods. We defined unexpected CA in the ED as CA occurring in patients in non-critical ED-care areas, classified as not requiring strict monitoring. A retrospective analysis of cases from 2016–2018 was performed, in comparison to other patients experiencing CA in the ED.
Results. The 38 cases of unexpected CA in this study constituted 34.5% of CA diagnosed in the ED and 8.4% of all CA treated in the ED. This population did not differ significantly from other CA in the ED regarding demographics, comorbidities, and survival rates. The commonest symptoms were dyspnoea, disorders of consciousness, generalised weakness, and chest pain. The commonest causes of death were acute myocardial infarction, malignant neoplasms with metastases, septic shock, pulmonary embolism, and heart failure.
Conclusions. Unexpected CA in the ED represents a group of potentially avoidable CA and deaths. These patients should be analysed, and ED management should include measures aimed at reducing their incidence.
Trial registration. The study protocol was approved by the local ethical committee of the author’s institute (Approval number NKBBN/140/2021). As the study was based upon a retrospective analysis of anonymised medical charts, no written consent was obtained from the patients.
Careers and Quality of Life: Perceptions of Compound and Noncompound Family Caregivers
Authors: Samuel Preethy Sarah , Wright Kathryn , Marsack-Topolewski Christina N , DiZazzo-Miller Rosanne
Published: September 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Identification of wheat kernel varieties based on hyperspectral imaging technology and grouped convolutional neural network with feature intervals
Authors: Que Haotian , Zhao Xin , Sun Xiulan , Zhu Qibing , Huang Min
Published: September 2022

Variety identification of seeds is essential for evaluating seed purity and ensuring crop yields. This study used hyperspectral imaging to determine 8 high-quality wheat kernel varieties in China combined with a deep learning network and spectral wavelength interval selection methods. The hyperspectral images with a spectral range of 400-1000 nm were firstly processed by three kinds of spectral wavelength interval selection methods including interval continuum removal (iCR), backward interval partial least squares (BiPLS), and interval random frog (iRF) for exploring optimal wavelength intervals. Then the convolutional neural network (CNN) classification models in combination with the processed hyperspectral images were developed. In order to extract effective features, two different structures with full convolution (FC) and grouped convolution (GC) were used. The performance of the proposed models was validated with 8000 samples from the 8 varieties of wheat kernels. The results showed that the combination of feature wavelength and grouping convolution enabled classification models effectively to obtain better classification accuracy and improve the inference speed of the model. The iCR-GC CNN model had the highest classification accuracy with a 4.4% increase and the fastest inference speed with a 44.21% reduction by comparing with the reference CNN classification model.
Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption and Knowledge on its Consequences among Young Adult in Ward Number Five at Kachan Kawal Municipality, Nepal
Authors: Basnet Saraswati( Corresponding  Author) , Rajbonshi Sarmila (first author)
Published: September 2022

The harmful use of alcohol causes many disease, social and economic burden in societies. The harmful use of alcohol ranks among the top risk factors for disease, disability and death through world. youth, who start drinking before age 15 years are six time more likely to develop alcohol dependence or abuse later in life than those who begin drinking at or after age 20 years. Aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of alcohol consumption and knowledge on its consequences among young adult (19–39 years) young adult in ward number 5 at Kachan Kawal Municipality, Jhapa. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 young adult and semi -structured interview schedule was used to collect data. Data analysis was done on SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics i.e. chi square test was used to find the association between dependent and independent variable The finding of the present study revealed that out of 50 respondent 70% had current drinker, with male 44% outnumbering female 24%. Among those consumed alcohol 83.33% have used it before the age of 20 years. More than half of the respondents had been good knowledge on consequences of alcohol consumption i .e 56.0% and 44.0% had poor knowledge. It was concluded that alcohol consumption was high among male than female. There is association between level on knowledge on consequences and alcohol consumption and socio demographical variables.
Pueraria lobata resistant starch improves obesity by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet mice
Authors: Li Na , Li Quan-cen , Gao Xiao-xiang , Ge Xiao-dong , Huang Zi-feng , Cai Wen-wen , Chen Fu-jie , Liu Bin , Zeng Feng
Published: September 2022

The health potential of resistant starch (RS) on the gut and its microbiota has received widespread attention. Here, we prepared Pueraria lobata resistant starch (PLRS) by modifying Pueraria lobata starch with Pullulanase and hypothesized that PLRS could improve lipid metabolism disorders and modulate gut microbiota structure in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. Our results revealed that PLRS alleviated lipid metabolism disorders by ameliorating HFD-induced liver and intestinal damage, significantly upregulating the abundance of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Blautia, and Dubosiella, as well as markedly suppressing Staphylococcus in obese mice. Molecular mechanisms have elucidated that the PLRS may exert reducing fat accumulation and stabilize the gut microbiota effects through the modulation of the fatty acid metabolic signaling pathway and the PPAR signaling pathway. Therefore, we suggest that this prebiotic carbohydrate with specific physiological functions could be used to prepare healthy lipid-lowering foods to attenuate obesity problems.
Corrosion behavior and weather-resistance of Nano-Ti polymer functional coating
Authors: Wang Bo , Wei Shicheng C. , Huang Wei , Wang Yujiang , Liang Yi , Xue Junfeng , Xu Binshi
Published: September 2022

Anti-corrosion and weather-resistance Nano-Ti polymer functional coating fabricated by spraying + brushing technology. The effects of Nano-Ti polymer contents on structure and properties of the coating were investigated systematically, and the corrosion mechanism of the coating was understood. Results show that the Nano-Ti polymer coating is uniform and dense. With increasing the content of Nano-Ti polymer, the thermal stability of the coating becomes better, and the glass transition temperature increases. When the content of the Nano-Ti polymer is 9%, the glass transition temperature is the highest (206.1 °C). After immersion for 458 days in 3.5wt.% NaCl at room temperature, 125 days neutral salt spray, and 200 days UV aging, the coating is still intact, indicating excellent anti-penetration, anti-corrosion, and weather resistance. EIS results confirm the excellent corrosion protection of the 9% Nano-Ti polymer coating with the biggest corrosion resistance (9.3×108 Ω·cm2).
Association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Yajing , Yi Chuncheng , Li Tiandong , Wang Peng , Dai Liping , Shi Jianxiang , Wang Keyan , Ye Hua
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This meta-analysis aimed to generate a comprehensive overview of relationship between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and pancreatic cancer (PC) incidence and mortality.
Methods
PubMed, Embase and Wed of Science databases were searched through February 15, 2022. A random-effects model was used to estimate total relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup, meta-regression, sensitivity and publication bias analyses were employed in this systematic review and meta-analysis.
Results
After exclusion of ineligible studies, a total of 16 studies that involved 538,673 participants were included in our meta-analysis, of which 10 reported incidence and 6 reported mortality. For the highest versus the lowest plasma 25(OH)D levels, the summary RR of PC incidence was 0.99 (95% CI 0.70–1.29), and the summary RR of PC mortality was 0.78 (95% CI 0.57–0.98). Subgroup analyses showed an inverse association between plasma 25(OH)D and PC incidence in America (RR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.45–0.96) but not in Europe (RR = 1.36; 95% CI 0.86–1.86). Furthermore, plasma 25(OH)D was associated with PC incidence when the duration of follow-up was longer than 10 years (RR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.43–0.97) and when adjusted for race (RR = 0.64; 95% CI 0.35–0.93). The association between plasma 25(OH)D and PC mortality was overall consistent in stratified analyses.
Conclusion
High plasma 25(OH)D may be associated with the lower PC mortality, but not significantly associated with PC incidence. Our findings may have implications for antitumor therapy in PC patients, as well as caution in increasing vitamin D intake in the general population.
Radiomics and histopathology analysis in post-treatment glioma by hybrid PSMA PET/MR: a pilot study
Authors: Xiong Min , Chen Zhenghe , Zhou Chao , Yang Xiaochun , Hu Wanming , Jiang Yongluo , Zheng Rongliang , Fan Wei , Mou Yonghao , Lin Xiaoping
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) is a novel imaging technology in neuro-oncology. This study aimed to investigate whether PET/MR-derived parameters could provide clinical characteristics and tumor heterogeneity in post-treatment glioma. The ability of PSMA PET/MR to distinguishing recurrence from treatment-related changes (TRCs) was evaluated.
Methods
Twenty-four glioma patients (fourteen males and ten females) suspected of recurrence who underwent PSMA PET/MR were included in this study. The results of PET/MR were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, including the visual intensity, classical metabolic and metric parameters, and primary tumor texture features.
Results
Classical metabolic parameters of PET including tumor-to-brain ratio (TBR max and mean), standardized uptake value (SUVmax and SUVpeak) showed differences in Karnofsky score (KPS) and metric parameters (area of lesion derived from MR) in 1p19q deletion status (P < 0.05). For the texture features, the shape-based, first-order and high-order primary tumor texture features of MR suggested the power to differentiate tumor grade and gene status (All P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of PSMA PET/MR in identifying recurrence were 64.29% (9/14), 80% (8/10), 81.82% (9/11), and 61.54% (8/13), respectively.
Conclusion
This work highlights the role of postoperative PSMA PET/MR in tumor-targeted imaging and differentiating recurrence in glioma, especially glioblastoma. PSMA PET/MR-derived parameters especially textural features provide additional value for characterizing glioma patient status and tumor heterogeneity. Our results indicate the significance of the hybrid PSMA PET/MR system in providing non-invasive glioma biological features, guiding precise surgical resection, and stratifying patients with PSMA targeted therapy.
Reduction of phenolics in faba bean meal using recombinantly produced and purified Bacillus ligniniphilus catechol 2,3-dioxygenase
Authors: Murphy Rebecca M. , Huang Fang , Loewen Matthew E. , Yang Trent C. , Loewen Michele C.
Published: September 2022

Pulse meal should be a valuable product in the animal feed industry based on its strong nutritional and protein profiles. However, pulse meal contains anti-nutritional and anti-palatability compounds, including (poly)phenolics (tannic and non-tannic), such that improvements in pulse meal processing are still needed to increase its uptake by the industry. Microbial fermentation is currently used as a strategy to decrease tannin content, but results in the undesirable accumulation of monophenolics. Here we investigate the viability of cell-free biocatalytic reduction of phenolic content in faba bean (Vicia faba) meal. A representative catechol dioxygenase, Bacillus ligniniphilus L1 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (BLC23O) was used in this proof-of concept based on its known stability and broad substrate specificity. Its amenability to large scale recombinant production was established, and its ongoing stability in complex environments including resuspension in slurries of faba bean meal demonstrated. Reaction results suggest that BLC23O is effective for biocatalytic phenol reduction in faba bean meal. However, the upstream hydrolytic release of phenolics from higher molecular weight species (tannins, proteins, carbohydrates) likely remains a rate limiting step, in the absence of other enzymes or microbial fermentation. Overall, this study highlights the potential viability of the biocatalytic processing of pulse meals, for optimization of their nutritional and economical value in the animal feed industry.
Correlation of Preoperative Fibrinogen/Albumin Ratio and Postoperative C-reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio with Early Complications After Radical Resection of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Xu Pengfu , Yang Leilei , Sun Yingchao , Liu Jiawei , Zhang Ruili
Published: September 2022

Background: Inflammatory response, nutritional status, and coagulation system function are closely related to tumor initiation, proliferation, metastasis, and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between preoperative fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR) and postoperative C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) and early complications after radical resection of rectal cancer. Meanwhile, the predictive value of FAR and CAR for early complications after radical resection of rectal cancer was compared.Methods: The clinical data of 810 patients undergoing radical rectal cancer surgery who were admitted to the General Surgery Department of Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang Province, from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and to identify early complications after radical rectal cancer surgery, univariate and multivariate analyses were used. In predicting early complications after radical rectal cancer surgery, the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze and evaluate the accuracy of preoperative FAR and postoperative CAR. The relationship between different levels of preoperative FAR and the incidence of early postoperative complications and median postoperative hospital stay in patients with rectal cancer were analyzed and compared.Results: Early postoperative complications occurred in 223 (27.5%) of 810 patients enrolled. In univariate analysis, the correlations between early postoperative complications after radical rectectomy and age, diabetes, preoperative albumin, preoperative hemoglobin, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), preoperative fibrinogen, postoperative C-reactive protein, preoperative FAR value after radical rectal cancer surgery, postoperative CAR value, surgical route, surgical method, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and tumor pathological staging were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, tumor pathological stage [OR (95% CI): 0.572 (0.331–0.989), P = 0.046], preoperative FAR value [OR (95% CI): 0.035 (0.018–0.069), P < 0.001], and postoperative CAR value [OR (95% CI): 0.163 (0.057–0.464), P = 0.001] were independent predictors of early complications after radical resection of rectal cancer. Multivariate analysis identified that tumor pathological stage [OR (95% CI): 0.572 (0.331–0.989), P = 0.046], preoperative FAR value [OR (95% CI): 0.035 (0.018–0.069), P < 0.001], and postoperative CAR value [OR (95% CI): 0.163 (0.057–0.464), P = 0.001] were independent predictors for early postoperative complications.Conclusions: In patients with radical rectal cancer, both preoperative FAR value and postoperative CAR value are independent predictors of early postoperative complications, but FAR is more suggestive of the occurrence of complications than CAR.
STAIN Defect Classification by Gabor Filter and Dual-Stream Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ha minho , Kim Young-Gyu , Park Tae-Hyoung
Published: September 2022

A STAIN defect is difficult to detect with the naked eye because of its characteristic of having a very minimal difference in brightness with the local area of the surface. Usually, background extraction–based and Gabor filter–based texture feature–based methods have been proposed to detect STAIN defects. Recently, with the development of deep learning, the convolutional neural network (CNN)–based detection method has been proposed. Gabor filter images have an advantage in image texture analysis and can be used as an input to the CNNs. However, because the original image and the Gabor filter image have different domains, it is necessary to design a CNN that can extract features advantageous for STAIN defect classification. In this paper, a CNN for STAIN defect classification using the original image and Gabor filter image was proposed. A Gary-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) matrix from the Gabor filter image was constructed, and then the Inverse Difference Moment (IDM) value, which is a homogeneity local feature, was extracted. Gabor filter images suitable for STAIN defect classification were selected using IDM values, and a STAIN defect detection system that uses the selected Gabor filter images and the inspection image as an input to the CNN was constructed. As a result of the experiment based on the magnetic tile data set and the compact camera module (CCM) dataset, it was confirmed that the proposed method has an improved performance based on the precision, recall, and F1-score in comparison to the single-stream CNN-based method.
Construction of a SNP fingerprinting database and population genetic analysis of 329 cauliflower cultivars
Authors: Yang Yuyao , Lyu Mingjie , Liu Jun , Wu Jianjin , Wang Qian , Xie Tianyu , Li Haichao , Chen Rui , Sun Deling , Yang Yingxia , Yao Xingwei
Published: September 2022

Cauliflower is one of the most important vegetable crops grown worldwide. However, efforts to improve cauliflower are hindered by the lack of genetic diversity information and efficient molecular markers. In this study, we aim to construct DNA fingerprints for 329 cauliflower cultivars based on SNP markers and the KASP system. After rigorous filtering, a total of 1,662 candidate SNPs were obtained from nearly 17.9 million SNP loci. The mean values of PIC, MAF, heterozygosity and gene diversity of these SNPs were 0.389, 0.419, 0.075, and 0.506, respectively. To generate ideal SNP marker sets from the candidates, we developed a program for in silico simulations on 153 core cauliflower germplasm samples. Finally, 41 highly polymorphic KASP markers were selected and applied in the identification of 329 cauliflower cultivars which were mainly collected from public market. Furthermore, based on the KASP genotyping data, we performed phylogenetic analysis and population structure analysis of the 329 cultivars. As a result, these cultivars could be classified into three major clusters, and the classification patterns were significantly related to their curd solidity and geographical origin. Finally, fingerprints of the 329 cultivars and 2D barcodes with genetic information of each sample were generated. The fingerprinting database developed in this study provides a practical tool for identifying the authenticity and purity of cauliflower seeds and valuable genetic information of the current cauliflower cultivars.
Mechanical Properties and In-situ Stress Measurement by Rock Core Samples Drilling from a Large Section Underground Station
Authors: Li Diyuan , Zhou Aohui , Wang Lichuan , Chen Yuda , Ma Chunde
Published: September 2022

Chongqing is a mountain city in western China, with complex geological environment, which brings many difficulties to the construction of large section underground projects. The construction experience of a large number of underground projects shows that ordinary engineering geological survey is difficult to meet the requirement of engineering design and construction. Therefore, on the basis of the initial survey, intensive drilling and coring work were carried out for the engineering area of the Guobo underground station with large cross-section to be built, and the basic mechanical, softening properties of the surrounding rock and in-situ stress field of the project area are obtained by laboratory tests. Based on the present experimental results and engineering experiences, it is proposed that the potential risks of Guobo station excavation include: ①bias pressure;②High in-situ stress;③Surrounding rock deterioration. The present study has practical significance for the design and construction of Guobo underground station, and it has certain reference value for the construction of underground projects in similar geological areas.
Identification of miRNAs progressively deregulated in the biological model of gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Ayala-Diaz Sergio , Manzo-Merino Joaquin , Morales-Espinosa Rosario , Flores-Fortis Mauricio , Lopez-Santacruz Roberto , Perales-Oliva Jorge Arturo , Garcia-Navarro Angel R. , Lino-Silva Leonardo S. , Delgado Gabriela , Aguilar-Ruiz Amairani , Garcia-Vasquez David , Oñate Luis F. , Herrera-Goepfert Roberto , Arechaga-Ocampo Elena
Published: September 2022

Gastric adenocarcinoma is the result of the progression of preneoplastic lesions in gastric mucosa. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main environmental risk factor linked to the multistep progression from precancerous conditions to gastric cancer. Identification of early diagnosis biomarkers in preneoplastic lesions could prevent progression to cancer. microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that have emerged as promising candidates with diagnostic and prognostic potential. miRNAs differentially expressed and functional enrichment analysis were identified in miRNomes of gastric preneoplastic samples available at the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and in gastric adenocarcinoma samples from TCGA databases by limma-voom linear model on the Galaxy Collections platform and R package. The prognostic value of miRNAs was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier assays. The expression level of miR-18a-5p was determined by RT-qPCR in preneoplastic lesion samples from Mexican patients positive to pathogenic H. pylori and in the H. pylori-AGS cells co-cultures. Fifteen miRNAs were progressively deregulated in the multistep gastric carcinogenesis model, and they were predictors of the outcome in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Additionally, miR-18a-5p was significantly upregulated in gastric tumors compared to normal gastric epithelium samples and it was also associated with better overall survival in GC patients. The expression of miR-18a-5p was significantly inhibited in gastric preneoplastic lesions positive to pathogenic H. pylori. Further, miR-18a-5p was up-regulated in AGS cells infected with pathogenic H. pylori strain. In conclusion, miRNAs signature distinguished the gastric lesions through malignant transformation process, including miR-18a-5p, which was exclusively associated with H. pylori infection.
Making good decisions is hard when you are at your worst: Investigating the degree of users’ decision-making in an e-Mental health service
Authors: Bartali V. , Brandl L. , Karreman J. , Velsen L. van
Published: September 2022

Background. Empowering people to decide on their health has proven to be beneficial and to enable the creation of a therapeutic alliance. This could be the same in an e-Mental health service. However, little is known about the degree of decision-making people should have when using such services and when they are seriously depressed or in a life-threatening situation.
Method. The topic was explored through two studies. The first study was a quantitative study to investigate how much decision-making freedom the self-help e-Mental health service allowed and in what situation (serious or less serious mental complaints) the service could be used. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four prototypes of a self-help e-Mental health service (for elderly people) with a different degree of decision-making and level of gravity of the situation. Afterwards, they were asked to fill in a survey to measure autonomy, competence, relatedness, privacy, safety, patient-technology alliance and intention to use. To analyse the data, ANOVAs and regression analyses were performed. In a second, qualitative study, 10 (clinical) experts with different backgrounds were interviewed about the degree of decision-making elderly people should have when using an e-Mental health service. The interviews were analysed via open and axial coding.
Results. For the first study, 72 elderly people were recruited. No significant effect of decision-making and level of gravity was found. Relatedness significantly influences patient-technology alliance and intention to use. Additionally, patient-technology alliance significantly influences intention to use. For the second study, it was found that control is central for users, even if it is more difficult for people who are seriously depressed or in a critical situation. Nonetheless, design and technical suggestions on how to support users of e-Mental health services who have more serious symptoms are presented, including personalization, a three-steps approach to control, and setting goals.
Conclusions. The results of this study can be applied to other self-help e-Mental health services with therapeutic purposes. Additionally, further research is needed to understand which other factors, together with relatedness, can influence the creation of a therapeutic alliance and how to foster intention to use.
Laws of high-pressure phase and nanostructure evolution and severe plastic flow
Authors: Levitas Valery , Lin Feng , Pandey Krishan , Yesudhas Sorb , Park Changyong
Published: September 2022

Study of the plastic flow, strain-induced phase transformations (PTs), and microstructure evolution under high pressure is important for producing new nanostructured phases1–10 and understanding physical1,2,7−10 and geophysical11–13 processes. However, these processes depend on an unlimited combination of five plastic strain components and an entire strain path with no hope of fully comprehending. Here, we introduce the rough diamond anvils (rough-DA) to reach maximum friction equal to the yield strength in shear, which allows determination of pressure-dependent yield strength. We apply rough-DA to compression of severely pre-deformed Zr. We found in situ that after severe straining, crystallite size and dislocation density of α and ω-Zr are getting pressure-, strain- and strain-path-independent, reach steady values before and after PT, and depend solely on the volume fraction of ω-Zr during PT. Immediately after completing PT, ω-Zr behaves like perfectly plastic, isotropic, and strain-path-independent. Rough-DA produce a steady state in α-Zr with lower crystallite size and larger dislocation density than smooth diamonds. This leads to a record minimum pressure (0.67 GPa) for α-ω PT with rough-DA, much smaller than 1.36 GPa with smooth diamonds, 6.0 GPa under hydrostatic condition, and phase equilibrium pressure, 3.4 GPa14. Kinetics of strain-induced PT, in addition to plastic strain, unexpectedly depends on time. This opens an unexplored field of the simultaneous strain- and stress-induced PTs under pressure. The obtained results create new opportunities in material design, synthesis, and processing of nanostructured materials by severe plastic deformations at low pressure. Rough-DA can be utilized for finding similar laws for various material systems. The above plethora of results was obtained in a single experiment, thus transforming the main challenge—strongly heterogeneous fields in a sample—into a great opportunity.
Novel y-type and hybrid solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-Sawada-Kotera-Ramani equation
Authors: ma hongcai , Gao Yidan , Deng Aiping
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the research object is (2+1)-dimensional KdVSKR equation. After adding new constraint, new solutions which contain y-type molecules are obtained. The process of lump molecules and y-type molecules before and after the collision is studied by long-wave limit method, and the kinetic behavior analysis is given. The interactions between y-type molecules and resonant soliton molecules, y-type molecules and breather molecules are obtained by combining velocity resonance method and mode resonance method, respectively. Finally, a novel hybrid solution containing lump molecule, breather molecule and y-type molecule is given, and the kinetic behavior is shown.
Cryptosporidium infection in cattle and sheep in central Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayana Aga Dinka , Kumsa Eseta Bersissa , Alkadir Bacha Gebayehu
Published: September 2022

Background: Cryptosporidiosis is commonly caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and causes gastrointestinal illness in a wide variety of mammals including humans, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses worldwide. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to July 2022 to estimate the prevalence, identify associated risk factors and estimate infection intensity of the parasite in cattle and sheep in Central Oromia. Fecal flotation sheathers’ solution and modified acid fast technique were used to identify Cryptosporidium oocysts from fecal samples. Results: Out of 687 fecal samples examined, 182 (34.2%) cattle and 30(19.4%) sheep were found to be infected with Cryptosporidium. There was a significant difference (P< 0.05) in the Cryptosporidium infection between age groups of cattle with higher prevalence in young (43.4%) than adult age group (28.4%). Similarly, there was a significant difference (P< 0.05) in Cryptosporidium infection among study sites. There was also a significant difference in Cryptosporidium infection between production systems with higher prevalence in intensive production system (38.7%) than the extensive system (21.6%). There was a significant difference in the intensity of infection of Cryptosporidium (P= 0.000) between the age groups of cattle with more burden of infection in the young age category than the adult age group. Conclusion: The present study indicated that Cryptosporidium is widely distributed in cattle and sheep in the study areas. Significant number of adult animals were infected with this parasite indicating that adult animals could also play a great role in the parasite transmission. The majority of Cryptosporidium infections in both cattle and sheep were mild.
Novel correlative analysis identifies multiple genomic variations impacting ASD with macrocephaly
Authors: Wynshaw-Boris Anthony , fu chen , Ngo Justine , Zhang Shanshan , Lu Leina , Miron Alexancer , Schafer Simon , Gage Fred , Jin Fulai , Schumacher Frederick
Published: September 2022

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) display both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, impeding the understanding of ASD and development of effective means of diagnosis and potential treatments. Genes affected by genomic variations for ASD converge in dozens of gene ontologies (GOs), but the relationship between the variations at the GO level have not been well elucidated. In the current study, multiple types of genomic variations were mapped to GOs and correlations among GOs were measured in ASD and control samples. Several ASD-unique GO correlations were found, suggesting the importance of co-occurrence of genomic variations in genes from different functional categories in ASD etiology. Combined with experimental data, several variations related to WNT signaling, neuron development, synapse morphology/function and organ morphogenesis were found to be important for ASD with macrocephaly, and novel co-occurrence patterns of them in ASD patients were found. Further, we applied this gene ontology correlation analysis method to find genomic variations that contribute to ASD etiology in combination with changes in gene expression and transcription factor binding, providing novel insights into ASD with macrocephaly and a new methodology for the analysis of genomic variation.
Assessment of print quality and coffee-ring effect acquired on wool and cotton fabrics inkjet printed with herbal inks
Authors: Thakker Alka Madhukar , Sun Danmei
Published: September 2022

In this study, the ecologically pre-treated wool and cotton fabrics were digitally printed with eco-friendly plant-based inks of blue, red, yellow, and black colours obtained from the plant extracts of bio indigo leaves, quebracho red bark and the flame of the forest flowers. It was found that the Plasma Surface Treated (PST) wool and cotton fabrics exhibited improved print quality demonstrating clearer edges, sharp lines, and uniform solid patterns. The perceived uneven line and solid pattern were attributed to patchy pre-treatment. The plant-based inks constituted from the Quebracho red bark and the flame of the forest flowers extract both demonstrated reduced dispersion diameter (i.e. diffused) for the PST wool and cotton fabric than the untreated (NPST). These findings could be applied for digital printing on photonics to combat the Coffee-ring effect. The possible explanation for the reduced coffee ring effect is the phenomenon known as Marangoni flow. The predominant phytochemicals functioning as chromophores namely indigotin, tannin and butein enclosed in respective plant extracts are highlighted. The Life Cycle Analysis and assessment of functional phytochemicals on the resultant printed fabrics are suggested for future work.
Neohesperidin alleviates the neuropathic pain behavior of rats by downregulating the P2X4 receptor
Authors: Wang Yueying , Li Chenxi , Xing Jingming , Zhu Yan , Sun Minghao , Yin Sui , Liu Jianming , Zou Lifang , Liang Shangdong , Liu Shuangmei
Published: September 2022

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a type of chronic pain affecting 6–8% of human health as no effective drug exists. The purinergic 2X4 receptor (P2X4R) is involved in NP. Neohesperidin (NH) is a dihydroflavonoside compound, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. This study aimed to investigate whether NH has an effect on P2X4R-mediated NP induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. In this study, the CCI rat model was established to observe the changes of pain behaviors, P2X4R, and satellite glial cells (SGCs) activation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after NH treatment by using RT-PCR, immunofluorescence double labeling and Western blotting. Our results showed CCI rats had mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia with an increased level of P2X4R. Furthermore, SGCs were activated as indicated by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1and interleukin-1β. In addition, phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases and interferon regulatory factor 5 in CCI rats increased. After NH treatment in CCI rats, the levels of above protein decreased, and the pain reduced. Overall, NH can markedly alleviate NP by reducing P2X4R expression and SGCs activation in DRG.
Fire-weather drivers of severity and spread: learning from past fire patterns to inform future wildfire decision making
Authors: Mueller Stephanie Ellen , Young Jesse D , Thode Andrea E , Engbring Matt , Marks Christopher
Published: September 2022

Background
Fire is an essential component in restoring and maintaining healthy forests. However, historic land use and decades of fire suppression has excluded fire from millions of forested hectares across much of the western United States, including Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP). Forest management at GCNP aims to reduce wildfire vulnerability by applying fire (both natural and planned ignitions) to remove forest vegetation and forest fuels and promote species diversity. However, the cost, complexity, and concerns associated with managing fire for resource benefit requires that fire managers utilize and implement locally relevant, science-based knowledge to strategically identify when and where to use fire to produce the greatest benefit. Observations from GCNP, topographic variation and weather were used to assess thresholds that affect burn severity and fire spread to identify conditions that may be beneficial or incompatible with multiple resource objectives.
Results
For ponderosa pine and mixed conifer forests, we developed burn severity and fire spread models by incorporating fire weather variables using gradient boosting machine learning on multi-day wildfires between 2000 and 2018. Elevation, wind, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were among the most influential across all models. Elevation was the most influential predictor for both the ponderosa pine severity and spread models. Wind and topographic roughness index were the most influential predictors in the mixed conifer spread and mixed conifer severity models, respectively. Using these models, prediction tables were generated to characterize expected burn severity and fire spread associated with common weather conditions, based on elevation, wind, and VPD. At lower elevations, a VPD threshold between low and moderate severity of 2.0kPa with winds between 8-10mph in both severity models was observed. Thresholds of VPD and wind decreased as elevation increased. In both forest types, average wind speeds greater than 4mph were found to be a threshold for fire spread. Greater fire spread was observed as winds and VPD increased.
Conclusions
Prediction tables can provide fire staff with a quick but comprehensive assessment of the relative likelihood of expected fire activity during changing weather conditions over the course of a fire event or season based on previous fire activity at GCNP.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and people with mental health conditions in Ethiopia: the MASC mixed-methods study
Authors: Mihretu Awoke , Fekadu Wubalem , Alemu Azeb Asaminew , Amare Beakal , Assefa Dereje , Misganaw Eleni , Ayele Abebaw , Esleman Ousman , Assefa Zewdu , Alem Atalay , Thornicroft Graham , Hanlon Charlotte
Published: September 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on the mental health of populations around the world, but there has been limited focus on the impact on people with existing mental health conditions. The aim of this study was to examine impact of the pandemic on mental health care and people with mental health conditions in Ethiopia.
Methods
A convergent mixed methods study was conducted. We systematically mapped information from publicly available reports on impacts of the pandemic on mental health care. Monthly service utilisation data were obtained for the main psychiatric hospital and analysed using segmented linear regression (2019 vs. 2020). In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 purposively selected key informants. Framework analysis was used for qualitative data. Findings from each data source were integrated.
Results
Despite national level recognition of mental health as a key aspect of pandemic response, this was not translated into action on the ground initially. Mental health-related stigma and discrimination was evident. Scarce mental health service settings were diverted to become COVID-19 treatment centres. Mental health care became narrowly biomedical with poorer quality of care due to infrequent follow-up. Households of people with pre-existing mental health conditions in the community reported worsening poverty and decreased access to care due to restricted movement, decreased availability and fear. Lack of reliable medication supplies increased relapse and the chance of becoming chained at home, abandoned or homeless. Caregiver burden was exacerbated. Within mental health facilities, prisons and residential units, infection control procedures did not adequately safeguard those with mental health conditions. Meanwhile, the needs of people with mental health conditions in COVID-19 quarantine and treatment facilities were systematically neglected. Only late in the day were integrated services developed to address both physical and mental health needs.
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic had substantial negative impacts on the lives of people with mental health conditions in Ethiopia. Future emergency response should prioritise the human rights, health, social and economic needs of people with mental health conditions. Integration of mental and physical health care would both expand access to care and increase resilience of the mental health system.
Meta-analysis identifies common gut microbiota signatures in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lin Qingqi , Dorsett Yair , Mirza Ali , Tremlett Helen , Piccio Laura , Longbrake Erin E. , Choileain Siobhan Ni , Hafler David A. , Cox Laura M. , Weiner Howard L. , Yamamura Takashi , Chen Kun , Wu Yufeng , Zhou Yanjiao
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have identified a large number of distinct microbial taxa that are different between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls. However, interpretating findings on MS-associated microbiome is challenging as results do not completely concur and studies have included relatively few individuals. To date, it is unclear whether there is a common gut microbial signature in patients with MS across studies. To identity the most common compositional differences of the gut microbiome in MS versus healthy controls, we performed a meta-analysis. This was based on 16S rRNA gene sequences from seven published studies, comprising a total of 524 adult patients with MS and control subjects.ResultsWe found that although alpha and beta diversity did not differ between MS and controls, a lower relative abundance ofPrevotellaand a dysbiosis of numerous genera within theClostridiaclass were reproducibly associated with MS. Additionally, network analysis revealed that the recognized negativeBacteroides-Prevotellacorrelation in controls was disrupted in MS. immunosuppressive agents normalized MS-associated microbiomePrevotellato a similar level as healthy controls.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis revealed reproducible gut microbiome signatures in MS across geographically diverse studies. These findings form the basis for future novel therapeutic approaches and possibly enhanced MS recognition/diagnosis by targeting common microbiome signatures.
Feature Selection in Diabetes Data Using Modified Bmnabc Algorithm for Detection of Diabetes; a Comparison Between Traditional Bmnabc Algorithm
Authors: Pradhan Gaurav , Thapa Gopal , Pradhan Ratika , Khandelwal Bidita
Published: September 2022

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most significant chronic diseases owing to its prevalence, economic and social consequences, and poor influence on the quality of life of those affected by it. According to World Health Organisation in 1980, there were 108 million diabetics. Worldwide diabetes Mellitus increased to 422 million by 2014. By 2045, diabetes is expected to affect 700 million individuals globally, estimated to the International Diabetes Federation of 2021 [1] In this study, a new metaheuristic algorithm Modified Binary Multi Neighborhood Artificial Bee Colony (MBMNABC) algorithm has been developed for feature selection and compared the results with traditional Binary Multi Neighborhood Artificial Bee Colony (BMNABC) as well as previous research works. The results show that the swarm-based meta-heuristic algorithm Modified Binary Multi Neighborhood Artificial Bee Colony (BMNABC) gives an acceptable result compared of traditional feature selection algorithm. The features selected by the Modified Binary Multi Neighborhood Artificial Bee Colony (MBMNABC) algorithm and Binary Multi Neighborhood Artificial Bee Colony (BMNABC) algorithm has been compared with the features selected by the Expert selection. The proposed method selected relevant features as compared to traditional BMNABC algorithm and provided better results for the detection of diabetes. Five diabetes datasets have been used in this research, where the results each dataset have been compared with previous works. In order to train the datasets, all the five datasets were divided in the ratio of 70:30% split for the training set and test set respectively. Three machine learning algorithms, Rough Set, Random Forest, and Random Committee have been applied for classification. For validation 10-fold cross-validation was performed. The highest accuracy was achieved by Random Forest for both features methods Modified BMNABC algorithm, and traditional BMNABC algorithm respectively.
Acute and Subacute Administration of Bacillus Subtilis UBBS-14 Probiotic Shows No Toxicity in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Negi Ankit , Pasam Tulasi , Dandekar Manoj P.
Published: September 2022

Recently probiotics have been garnering a lot of attention due to their therapeutic potential in the management of various health ailments. Bacillus subtilis containing probiotics show several health benefits prominently against gastrointestinal tract disorders and diarrhoea. Herein, we examined the toxicity of Bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 probiotic following acute and subacute administration in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, as per Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407 guidelines, respectively. The acute toxicity of Bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 was tested following single 5000 mg/kg (500 billion CFU/kg) administration via oral gavage. No mortality or adverse events were noted till 14 days post-treatment, this indicates that the LD50 of Bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 is > 5000 mg/kg after single administration. In subacute study, rats received a daily dosage of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 (containing 10, 50 and 100 billion CFU/kg, respectively) by oral gavage for 28 days. Rats in the recovery group were observed for an additional 14 days during probiotic-free period. No notable changes were seen in the morphology, weight and histopathology of the critical internal organs. The haematological parameters, biochemical parameters, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium), and urine analysis results were within the range and comparable to that with vehicle-treated group. Thus, no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for Bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 after 28-day subacute administration was found to be > 1000 mg/kg/day. As the results of acute and subacute treatment with Bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 did not show any adverse effects, this probiotic formulation may be safe for human consumption.