bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating relationship between water production and interfacial activity of γ-oryzanol, ethyl ferulate, and ferulic acid during peroxidation of bulk oil
Authors: Toorani Mohamad Reza , Golmakani Mohammad-Taghi
Published: August 2021

In this study, lecithin (as a surfactant) was added to promote the inhibitory-mechanism of γ-oryzanol, ethyl-ferulate and ferulic acid (based on the interfacial phenomena) so as to inhibit the oxidation of stripped sunflower oil. Monitoring the amount of water production as a byproduct of oxidation showed that the water content of the lipid system increased remarkably through the oxidation progress. Lecithin enhanced the critical concentration of hydroperoxides in reverse micelles, compared to the basic state (14.8 vs. 9.2 mM), thereby improving the hydrogen-donating mechanism of antioxidants. The size of reverse micelles increased progressively during the oxidation, while two breakpoints were pointed out in the micelles growth, i.e. at the end of the initiation and the propagation phases. Based on the kinetic data, ferulic acid showed the highest antioxidant activity (23.4), compared to ethyl-ferulate (15.5) and γ-oryzanol (13.7). Generally, lecithin enhanced antioxidant activity (~ 65%) by improving the interfacial performance of antioxidants.
Biological correlates before esophageal cancer screening and after diagnosis
Authors: Zhu Juan , Ma Shanrui , Chen Ru , Xie Shuanghua , Liu Zhengkui , Li Xinqing , Wei Wenqiang
Published: August 2021

Almost 50% of the world’s esophageal cancer (EC) cases occur in China, and the impact of cancer screening has long been a controversial topic. The study was designed to evaluate the biological correlates of EC screening and subsequent diagnosis in China. Based on the national cohort of esophageal cancer program, a prospective multicenter study in high-risk regions was conducted from 2017 to 2019. 61 participants received twice esophageal endoscopy screening and pathological biopsy successively (with a mean follow-up of 14.03 months). Box–Cox-power transformation and two-way repeated measures ANOVA were used to evaluate hormone cortisol and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels in plasma, reflecting their stress, immune function, and biological correlates before screening and after knowing the diagnosis. The median of cortisol, IgA, IgG, and IgM in pre-screening was 15.46 ug/dL, 1.86 g/L, 12.14 g/L, and 0.91 g/L, corresponding value at post-diagnosis was 15.30 ug/dL, 2.00 g/L, 12.79 g/L, and 0.94 g/L, respectively. No significant differences in biological indicators were found between normal and esophagitis and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia before screening and after diagnosis. After normality transformation, cortisol, IgA, IgG and IgM levels were (0.25 ± 0.04) U/mL, (0.72 ± 0.13) (g/L), (2.44 ± 0.22) (g/L) and (0.98 ± 0.25) (g/L) before screening, (0.25 ± 0.05) U/mL, (0.70 ± 0.13) (g/L), (2.48 ± 0.21) (g/L) and (1.00 ± 0.25) (g/L) after diagnosis, respectively. Repeated Measures ANOVA showed that the main effects were significant on IgA levels between pre-screening and post-diagnosis (P = 0.019). No interaction effects on biological levels between pre-post screening and esophageal pathology, anxiety states (all P > 0.05). Little biological correlates were found both before screening and after diagnosis. Cortisol and IgA dropped less significantly, while IgM and IgA were increased slightly after diagnosis. Further multi-round longitudinal studies are needed to validate these results.
The Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana demographically outperforms European native mussels
Authors: Urbańska Maria , Kamocki Andrzej , Kirschenstein Małgorzata , Ożgo Małgorzata
Published: August 2021

Unionid mussels are essential for the integrity of freshwater ecosystems but show rapid worldwide declines. The large-sized, thermophilic Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana s.l., however, is a successful global invader, spread with commercially traded fish encysted with mussel larvae; its negative impacts on native mussels are expected. Here, we exploit a natural experiment provided by a simultaneous introduction of S. woodiana and four species of native unionids for water filtration to a pond in north-eastern Poland. Sinanodonta woodiana established a self-sustaining population and persisted for 19 years in suboptimal thermal conditions (mean annual temperature, 7.4 °C; mean temperature of the coldest month, − 3.7 °C, 73-day mean yearly ice-formation), extending the known limits of its cold tolerance. Over four study years, its frequency increased, and it showed higher potential for population growth than the native mussels, indicating possible future dominance shifts. Outbreaks of such sleeper populations are likely to be triggered by increasing temperatures. Additionally, our study documents the broad tolerance of S. woodiana concerning bottom sediments. It also points to the importance of intentional introductions of adult individuals and the bridgehead effect facilitating its further spread. We argue that S. woodiana should be urgently included in invasive species monitoring and management programmes.
Low-count whole-body PET with deep learning in a multicenter and externally validated study
Authors: Chaudhari Akshay S. , Mittra Erik , Davidzon Guido A. , Gulaka Praveen , Gandhi Harsh , Brown Adam , Zhang Tao , Srinivas Shyam , Gong Enhao , Zaharchuk Greg , Jadvar Hossein
Published: August 2021

More widespread use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is limited by its high cost and radiation dose. Reductions in PET scan time or radiotracer dosage typically degrade diagnostic image quality (DIQ). Deep-learning-based reconstruction may improve DIQ, but such methods have not been clinically evaluated in a realistic multicenter, multivendor environment. In this study, we evaluated the performance and generalizability of a deep-learning-based image-quality enhancement algorithm applied to fourfold reduced-count whole-body PET in a realistic clinical oncologic imaging environment with multiple blinded readers, institutions, and scanner types. We demonstrate that the low-count-enhanced scans were noninferior to the standard scans in DIQ (p < 0.05) and overall diagnostic confidence (p < 0.001) independent of the underlying PET scanner used. Lesion detection for the low-count-enhanced scans had a high patient-level sensitivity of 0.94 (0.83–0.99) and specificity of 0.98 (0.95–0.99). Interscan kappa agreement of 0.85 was comparable to intrareader (0.88) and pairwise inter-reader agreements (maximum of 0.72). SUV quantification was comparable in the reference regions and lesions (lowest p-value=0.59) and had high correlation (lowest CCC = 0.94). Thus, we demonstrated that deep learning can be used to restore diagnostic image quality and maintain SUV accuracy for fourfold reduced-count PET scans, with interscan variations in lesion depiction, lower than intra- and interreader variations. This method generalized to an external validation set of clinical patients from multiple institutions and scanner types. Overall, this method may enable either dose or exam-duration reduction, increasing safety and lowering the cost of PET imaging.
Pulmonary immune cell trafficking promotes host defense against alcohol-associated Klebsiella pneumonia
Authors: Samuelson Derrick R. , Gu Min , Shellito Judd E. , Molina Patricia E. , Taylor Christopher M. , Luo Meng , Welsh David A.
Published: August 2021

The intestinal microbiota generates many different metabolites which are critical for the regulation of host signaling pathways. In fact, a wide-range of diseases are associated with increased levels of local or systemic microbe-derived metabolites. In contrast, certain bacterial metabolites, such as tryptophan metabolites, are known to contribute to both local and systemic homeostasis. Chronic alcohol consumption is accompanied by alterations to intestinal microbial communities, and their functional capacities. However, little is known about the role of alcohol-associated dysbiosis on host defense against bacterial pneumonia. Our previous work using fecal transplantation demonstrated that alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis, independent of ethanol consumption, increased susceptibility toKlebsiellapneumonia. Here, we demonstrate that intestinal microbiota treatments mitigate the increased risk of alcohol-associated pneumonia. Treatment with the microbial metabolite indole or with probiotics reduced pulmonary and extrapulmonary bacterial burden, restored immune responses, and improved cellular trafficking required for host defense. Protective effects were, in part, mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR), as inhibition of AhR diminished the protective effects. Thus, alcohol appears to impair the production/processing of tryptophan catabolites resulting in immune dysregulation and impaired cellular trafficking. These data support microbiota therapeutics as novel strategies to mitigate the increased risk for alcohol-associated bacterial pneumonia.
Ultra-deep optical cooling of coupled nuclear spin-spin and quadrupole reservoirs in a GaAs/(Al,Ga)As quantum well
Authors: Kotur Mladen , Tolmachev Daniel O. , Litvyak Valentina M. , Kavokin Kirill V. , Suter Dieter , Yakovlev Dmitri R. , Bayer Manfred
Published: August 2021

The physics of interacting nuclear spins in solids is well interpreted within the nuclear spin temperature concept. A common approach to cooling the nuclear spin system is adiabatic demagnetization of the initial, optically created, nuclear spin polarization. Here, the selective cooling of 75As spins by optical pumping followed by adiabatic demagnetization in the rotating frame is realized in a nominally undoped GaAs/(Al,Ga)As quantum well. The lowest nuclear spin temperature achieved is 0.54 μK. The rotation of 6 kG strong Overhauser field at the 75As Larmor frequency of 5.5 MHz is evidenced by the dynamic Hanle effect. Despite the presence of the quadrupole induced nuclear spin splitting, it is shown that the rotating 75As magnetization is uniquely determined by the spin temperature of coupled spin-spin and quadrupole reservoirs. The dependence of heat capacity of these reservoirs on the external magnetic field direction with respect to crystal and structure axes is investigated.
Beam-induced surface modifications as a critical source of heat loads in the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Petit Valentine , Taborelli Mauro , Zanin Danilo Andrea , Himmerlich Marcel , Neupert Holger , Chiggiato Paolo , Iadarola Giovanni
Published: August 2021

Beam-induced heat loads on the cryogenic regions of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) exhibit a wide and unexpected dispersion along the accelerator, with potential impact on the performance of its High-Luminosity upgrade. Studies related the heat load source to the avalanche multiplication of electrons at the surface of the beam vacuum chamber, a phenomenon known as electron could build-up. Here, we demonstrate that the topmost copper surface of beam pipes extracted from a low heat load region of the LHC consists of native Cu2O, while the pipe surface from a high heat load region had been oxidized to CuO during LHC operation and maintenance cycles. Experiments show that this process increases the secondary electron yield and inhibits efficient surface conditioning, thus enhancing the electron cloud intensity during LHC operation. This study relates the abnormal LHC heat loads to beam-induced surface modifications of its beam pipes, enabling the development of curative solutions to overcome this critical limitation.
The Kuroshio flowing over seamounts and associated submesoscale flows drive 100-km-wide 100-1000-fold enhancement of turbulence
Authors: Nagai Takeyoshi , Hasegawa Daisuke , Tsutsumi Eisuke , Nakamura Hirohiko , Nishina Ayako , Senjyu Tomoharu , Endoh Takahiro , Matsuno Takeshi , Inoue Ryuichiro , Tandon Amit
Published: August 2021

Although previous studies reported that currents over topographic features, such as seamounts and ridges, cause strong turbulence in close proximity, it has been elusive how far intense turbulence spreads toward the downstream. Here, we conducted a series of intensive in-situ turbulence observations using a state-of-the-art tow-yo microstructure profiler in the Kuroshio flowing over the seamounts of the Tokara Strait, south of Kyusyu Japan, in November 2017, June 2018, and November 2019, and employed a high-resolution numerical model to elucidate the turbulence generation mechanisms. We find that the Kuroshio flowing over seamounts generates streaks of negative potential vorticity and near-inertial waves. With these long-persisting mechanisms in addition to other near-field mixing processes, intense mixing hotspots are formed over a 100-km scale with the elevated energy dissipation by 100- to 1000-fold. The observed turbulence could supply nutrients to sunlit layers, promoting phytoplankton primary production and CO2uptake.
Near-daily reconstruction of tropical intertidal limpet life-history using secondary-ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Mau Anthony , Franklin Erik C. , Nagashima Kazu , Huss Gary R. , Valdez Angelica R. , Nicodemus Philippe N. , Bingham Jon-Paul
Published: August 2021

Measurements of life-history traits can reflect an organism’s response to environment. In wave-dominated rocky intertidal ecosystems, obtaining in-situ measurements of key grazing invertebrates are constrained by extreme conditions. Recent research demonstrates mollusc shells to be high-resolution sea-surface temperature proxies, as well as archival growth records. However, no prior molluscan climate proxy or life-history reconstruction has been demonstrated for the tropical rocky intertidal environment—a zone influenced by warmer waters, mixed tides, trade-wind patterns, and wave-action. Here, we show near-daily, spatiotemporal oxygen isotope signatures from the tropical rocky intertidal environment by coupling secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of oxygen isotopes with the sclerochronology of an endemic Hawaiian intertidal limpet Cellana sandwicensis, that is a significant biocultural resource harvested for consumption. We also develop a method for reliable interpretation of seasonal growth patterns and longevity in limpets. This study provides a robust approach to explore tropical intertidal climatology and molluscan life-history.
A hydrostable samarium(iii)-MOF sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of tryptophan based on a “dual antenna effect”
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Yang , Wang Jia , Yang Qi-Shan , Fu Dong-Lei , Jiang Dao-Kuan
Published: August 2021

Tryptophan (Trp) is one of the essential amino acids, which plays important roles in biological systems and the normal growth of human beings, and it is of great significance to be able to detect Trp in a rapid, efficient, and sensitive way.
Cell-specific activation of gemcitabine by endogenous H2S stimulation and tracking through simultaneous fluorescence turn-on
Authors: Maiti Mrinmoy , Yoon Shin A , Cha Yujin , Athul K. K. , Bhuniya Sankarprasad , Lee Min Hee
Published: August 2021

The endogenous H2S stimulated theranostic H2S-Gem was developed for selectively ending the progression of cancer via activation of chemotherapeutic gemcitabine, which tracks theranostic events and provides anticancer efficacy against cancer cells.
Na7(IO3)(SO4)3: the first noncentrosymmetric alkaline-metal iodate-sulfate with isolated [IO3] and [SO4] units
Authors: Ding Mengmeng , Yu Hongwei , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng
Published: August 2021

Metal iodates are of current research interest because of their potential application as nonlinear optical crystals.
Native point defect modulated Cr3+–LaAlO3 as an in vitro excited contrast medium for in vivo near-infrared persistent deep-tissue bio-imaging
Authors: Lu Lu , Sun Mingzi , Wu Tong , Lu Qiuyang , Huang Bolong
Published: August 2021

A comprehensive defected-assisted mechanism for persistent luminescence in the NIR-II and NIR-III windows has been proposed in Cr-doped LaAlO3 nanoparticles, where both decay time and luminescence intensity can be flexibly tuned by different defects.
A phosphonate–lanthanoid polyoxometalate coordination polymer: {Ce2P2W16O60L2}n zipper chains
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Izarova Natalya V. , van Leusen Jan , Kögerler Paul
Published: August 2021

The first coordination polymer of a polyoxometalate bi-functionalized by phosphonate and lanthanoid groups forms when {CeIII2(α2,-PV2WVI16O60)L2} units are joined by direct inter-cluster Ce–OW bonds into 1D chains.
Growth of MSe semiconductor nanowires on metal substrates through an Ag2Se-catalyzed solution–solid–solid mechanism (M = Zn, Cd and Mn)
Authors: Wang Huimin , Wang Tingting , Huang Zibin , Liu Yizhuo , Leng Dehui , Wang Junli
Published: August 2021

Solution-phase growth of MSe nanowires on their respective metal foil or flakes (M = Zn, Cd and Mn) has been realized by a recently developed solution–solid–solid mechanism initiated by preexisting Ag2Se seeds.
Preparation and solid-state characterization of dapsone pharmaceutical cocrystals through the supramolecular synthon strategy
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Li Wanya , Li Zhonghua , Hu Weiguo , Zhang Suoqing , Wu Songgu
Published: August 2021

Based on the design concept of supramolecular synthons, “–NH2⋯Npyridine” was used to prepare cocrystals of DAP: (1 : 1) and (2 : 1) DAP-PYR, which could be transformed into each other by mechanochemistry.
Thickness-dependent anisotropic transport of phonons and charges in few-layered PdSe2
Authors: Zhang Kai-Cheng , Cheng Lin-Yuan , Shen Chen , Li Yong-Feng , Liu Yong , Zhu Yan
Published: August 2021

The thermal conductivity of layered PdSe2 decreases while the electron mobility increases rapidly as the thickness increases, which leads to larger figure of merit for thicker film along the b axis.
Investigation of the thermal decomposition mechanism of glycerol: the combination of a theoretical study based on the Minnesota functional and experimental support
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Cao Yi , Zhang Pan , Liang Jiankang , Xue Ke , Xia Yong , Qi Zhengjian
Published: August 2021

Theoretical calculations and experimental research are combined to study the anaerobic pyrolysis of glycerol.
Impact of van der Waals interactions on the structural and nonlinear optical properties of azobenzene switches
Authors: Naim Carmelo , Castet Frédéric , Matito Eduard
Published: August 2021

The geometries, relativeZ–Eenergies, and second-order nonlinear responses of substituted azobenzenes are investigated using various density functional approximations. Bulky substituents with pi-electron delocalization favor larger optical responses.
Amino acid encapsulation in zeolite MOR: Effect of spatial confinement
Authors: Polisi Michelangelo , Fabbiani Marco , Vezzalini Giovanna , Di Renzo Francesco , Pastero Linda , Quartieri Simona , Arletti Rossella
Published: August 2021

The potential role of the zeolite in promoting peptide bond formation: Some molecules react to form either cyclic dimers or linear oligomers.
A computational investigation of the adsorption of small copper clusters on the CeO2(110) surface
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chutia Arunabhiram , Sokol Alexey A. , Chadwick David , Catlow C. Richard A.
Published: August 2021

The adsorption and growth of Cun clusters on highly reducible CeO2(110).
Boron–boron quadruple bond in Li3B2−and Li4B2clusters
Authors: Kalita Amlan J. , Rohman Shahnaz S. , Kashyap Chayanika , Ullah Sabnam S. , Baruah Indrani , Mazumder Lakhya J. , Das Kanwaki , Guha Ankur K.
Published: August 2021

Quantum chemical calculations predict the presence of quadruple bonding in Li3B2−ions and neutral Li4B2clusters. The quadruple bonding is retained during the isomerization process.
Kinetic and structural understanding of bulk and supported vanadium-based catalysts for furfural oxidation to maleic anhydride
Authors: Gómez-Cápiro Oscar , Bravo Luis , Lagos Patricio , Santander Paola , Pecchi Gina , Karelovic Alejandro
Published: August 2021

The kinetics of gas-phase furfural partial oxidation to maleic anhydride (MA) was studied over bulk vanadium–phosphorus-based catalysts obtained by aqueous (VPAq) and organic (VPOr) methods and compared to a supported V2O5/Al2O3 catalyst.
Arsenic species delay structural ordering during green rust sulfate crystallization from ferrihydrite
Authors: Perez Jeffrey Paulo H. , Tobler Dominique J. , Freeman Helen M. , Brown Andy P. , Hondow Nicole S. , van Genuchten Case M. , Benning Liane G.
Published: August 2021

Arsenic slows the structural ordering and transformation of As-bearing green rust formed from ferrihydrite under anoxic and circum-neutral pH conditions.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy contribution to disentangle nanomaterial (DWCNT, TiO2) impacts on tomato plants
Authors: Liné Clarisse , Reyes-Herrera Juan , Bakshi Mansi , Wazne Mohammad , Costa Valentin , Roujol David , Jamet Elisabeth , Castillo-Michel Hiram , Flahaut Emmanuel , Larue Camille
Published: August 2021

FTIR appears as a very efficient technique to screen nanomaterial effects on organisms and speed up risk assessment.
Lipids as versatile solvents for chemical synthesis
Authors: Gevorgyan Ashot , Hopmann Kathrin H. , Bayer Annette
Published: August 2021

From now on transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions can be performed in food grade and waste vegetable oils. Appropriate methodologies for high-throughput screening and isolation techniques applicable for vegetable oils are described.
Microfluidic arrays of dermal spheroids: a screening platform for active ingredients of skincare products
Authors: Chen Zhengkun , Kheiri Sina , Gevorkian Albert , Young Edmond W. K. , Andre Valerie , Deisenroth Ted , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: August 2021

A novel microfluidic array of a spheroid-based dermis model enables time-efficient in vitro screening of active ingredients of skincare products.
A XANES study of lithium polysulfide solids: a first-principles study
Authors: Guo Qing , Lau Kah Chun , Pandey Ravindra
Published: August 2021

The calculated S K-edge XANES spectra of lithium polysulfide solids show that the conventional pre-edge peak is absent and their main peaks overlap with α-S8's. Besides, the presence of Li vacancies can induce peak redshift and the pre-edge feature.
Indole fused heterocycles as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells: an overview
Authors: Nitha P. R. , Soman Suraj , John Jubi
Published: August 2021

The past three decades have witnessed extensive research in developing a range of non-metallic fused heterocyclic organic dyes for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Virtual screening andin vitrovalidation identifies the first reported inhibitors ofSalmonella entericaHPPK
Authors: Müller Ronel , Gerwel Tiaan M. , Kimuda Magambo Phillip , Bishop Özlem Tastan , Veale Clinton G. L. , Hoppe Heinrich C.
Published: August 2021

In this study we report the first inhibitors ofSalmonella entericaHPPK. The compounds identified are structurally distinct fromE.coliandS. aureusHPPK inhibitors, and offer new opportunities for expanding HPPK inhibitor space.
Aqueous Na-ion capacitor with CuS graphene composite in symmetric and asymmetric configurations
Authors: Goswami Manoj , Athika Mattath , Kumar Satendra , Elumalai Perumal , Singh Netrapal , Sathish N. , Kumar Surender
Published: August 2021

The symmetric device shows a maximum specific energy density of 30 W h kg−1at a specific power density of 380 W kg−1, which was reduced to 4 W h kg−1at a highest specific power density of 4224 W kg−1.
Engineered multifunctional metal–phenolic nanocoatings for label-free capture and “self-release” of heterogeneous circulating tumor cells
Authors: Liu Yiling , Wang Xiaoshan , Zhou Yuwei , Yang Guang , Hou Jianwen , Zhou Shaobing
Published: August 2021

Heterogeneous CTCs in whole blood can be efficiently captured and self-released by multifunctional metal–phenolic networks without using any labeling molecules and additional interventions.
Inhibition of efflux pumps aids small-molecule probe-based fluorescence labeling and imaging in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli
Authors: Ishikawa Fumihiro , Konno Sho , Takashima Katsuki , Kakeya Hideaki , Tanabe Genzoh
Published: August 2021

We describe a novel strategy for small-molecule probe-based fluorescence protein labeling and imaging in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, which involves inhibition of efflux pumps.
A BODIPY-O-glycoside based near-infrared fluorescent sensor for serum albumin
Authors: Shivran Neelam , Koli Mrunesh , Chakraborty Goutam , Srivastava Amit Prakash , Chattopadhyay Subrata , Mula Soumyaditya
Published: August 2021

Highly sensitive and selective near-infrared turn-on fluorescent bioprobe for serum albumin detection and quantification is developed based on unadulterated BODIPY-O-glycoside nanoparticles.
Triethyl phosphate in an antisolvent: a novel approach to fabricate high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells under ambient air conditions
Authors: Zhang Pengyun , Gu Ningxia , Chen Xiang , Song Lixin , Du Pingfan , Chen Wei-Hsiang , Xiong Jie
Published: August 2021

In this contribution, PSCs with a high efficiency and good stability are fabricated under ambient conditions without a glove box via introducing triethyl phosphate (TEP) into a perovskite through an antisolvent.
Uranyl-catalysed C–H alkynylation and olefination
Authors: Mao Yu , Liu Yeqing , Yu Lei , Ni Shengyang , Wang Yi , Pan Yi
Published: August 2021

This work describes a strategy to utilise uranyl for direct alkynylation and olefination of amides.
Divergent synthesis of pyrrolidine and glutamic acid derivatives using a macrocyclic phase-transfer catalyst under high-pressure conditions
Authors: Tyszka-Gumkowska Agata , Jurczak Janusz
Published: August 2021

The reactivity of the glycine ketimine ester with α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of macrocyclic hybrid phase-transfer catalysts under high pressure conditions has been investigated.
Source identification and characteristics of dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-product formation potential using EEM-PARAFAC in the Manas River, China
Authors: Wang Xinlin , Tong Yanbin , Chang Qigang , Lu Jianjiang , Ma Teng , Zhou Fangdong , Li Jiaqi
Published: August 2021

Humic-like and protein-like components were identified by PARAFAC. THMs FP was significantly correlated with components C1 and C1 + C2. The source, types and humification degree of DOM affect the formation of DBPs.
TEMPO-oxidised nanocellulose hydrogels and self-standing films derived from bacterial cellulose nanopaper
Authors: Yang Kris Y. , Wloch Daniela , Lee Koon-Yang
Published: August 2021

TEMPO-mediated oxidation of well-consolidated bacterial cellulose (BC) nanopaper derived from pristine BC pellicle as a route to produce robust and water stable nanocellulose hydrogels.
Degradable allylAntheraea pernyisilk fibroin thermoresponsive hydrogels to support cell adhesion and growth
Authors: Wang Boxiang , Xu Hangdan , Li Jia , Cheng Dehong , Lu Yanhua , Liu Li
Published: August 2021

At present,Antheraea pernyisilk fibroin (ASF) based hydrogels have wide potential applications as biomaterials because of its superior cytocompatibility.
Concurrent occurrence of electrochemical dissolution/deposition of cobalt–calcium phosphate composite
Authors: Pyo Eunji , Lee Keunyoung , Park Gi-Tae , Ha Se-Young , Lee Seonhong , Kim Chung Soo , Kwon Ki-Young
Published: August 2021

Solid phase of phosphate source (hydroxyapatite) is utilized for the electrochemical preparation of cobalt–calcium phosphate composite (CCPC) film.
A photocatalyst foam for superior visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Zhaoting , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhengguo , Min Shixiong
Published: August 2021

A photocatalyst foam is developed by growing high-density CdS microspheres on Ni2P nanolayer-modified Ni foam (NF) for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Absence of phonon gap driven ultralow lattice thermal conductivity in half-Heusler LuNiBi
Authors: Yu Xiaoxia , Hong Jiawang
Published: August 2021

LuNiBi is found to possess an ultralow thermal conductivity, two orders of magnitude smaller than the most of of half-Heuslers, promissing for the thermoelectric applications.
Universal vertical standing of block copolymer microdomains enabled by a gradient block
Authors: Song Seung Won , Hur Yoon Hyung , Park Yemin , Cho Eugene N. , Han Hyeuk Jin , Jang Hanhwi , Oh Jisoo , Yeom Geunyoung , Lee Jisun , Yoon Kwang-Sub , Park Chang-Min , Kim Insung , Kim YongJoo , Jung Yeon Sik
Published: August 2021

A block copolymer system containing a gradient-random block enables the vertical orientation of nanoscale patterns on any type of surface.
Crystal-packing modes determine the solid-state ESIPT fluorescence in highly dipolar 2′-hydroxychalcones
Authors: Tordo Alix , Jeanneau Erwann , Bordy Mathieu , Bretonnière Yann , Hasserodt Jens
Published: August 2021

Fifteen easily assembled ESIPT-active 2′-hydroxychalcones were prepared to identify deep-red crystal-state fluorophores with increased quantum yields. Systematic single-crystal XRD analysis furnished trends in the structure–property relationship.
Geometrically isomeric [Ir(iqbt)(ppy)(hpa)] complexes with differential molecule orientations for efficient near-infrared (NIR) polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs)
Authors: Li Wentao , Liu Jiaxiang , Wang Baowen , Hou Siyu , Lü Xingqiang , Fu Guorui , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: August 2021

Based on geometrical isomerisation of [Ir(C^N1)(C^N2)((N^O))]-tris-heteroleptic Ir(iii)-complexes, the augmented transition dipole transition (TMD) with a preferential horizontal orientation, which is beneficial for their NIR-phosphorescence, is reported.
Non-fullerene electron acceptors with benzotrithiophene with π-extension terminal groups for the development of high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Huang Qiri , Liang Yuanying , Tang Haoran , Chen Yanwei , Zhang Jie , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: August 2021

In this work, two non-fullerene electron acceptors were synthesized by combining BTT as a central unit with two terminal groups. Consequently, organic solar cells based on BTTBo-4F and BTTBo-4FN achieved 11.60% and 8.27% power conversion efficiencies, respectively.
A lead-free I-based hybrid double perovskite (I-C4H8NH3)4AgBiI8 for X-ray detection
Authors: Xu Zhijin , Wu Huajie , Li Dong , Wu Wentao , Li Lina , Luo Junhua
Published: August 2021

A lead-free hybrid double perovskite (I-C4H8NH3)4AgBiI8 with environmental friendliness and high X-ray detection sensitivity was acquired, which promotes the potential of I-based lead-free perovskite materials in the field of X-ray detection.
The co‐effect of microstructures and mucus on the adhesion of abalone from a mechanical perspective
Authors: Li Jing , Ma Chuandong , Liu Jun , Dong Xiangwei , Liu Jianlin
Published: August 2021

Reliable and reversible adhesion underwater is challenging due to the water molecules and weak layers of contaminants at the contact interface, which requires to deepen the understanding of wet adhesion of biological surfaces. Herein, the co‐effect of microstructures and mucus of abalone foot on wet adhesion is investigated from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. The morphologies, adhesion force and coefficient of friction indicate that the mucus in adhesion zone is crucial for successful attachment of abalone based on capillary forces and viscous forces, and the mucus in non‐adhesion zone with lower adhesion force and friction coefficient may behave as a lubricant for the locomotion. The theoretical calculation manifests that the microstructures may help abalone to form multiple liquid bridges with the secreted mucus, and significantly increase the wet adhesion force of abalone. These findings will bring profound views into the underlying mechanisms of biological surface adhesion.
Matrix‐based method for solving decision domains of neighbourhood multigranulation decision‐theoretic rough sets
Authors: Chen Jiajun , Yu Shuhao , Wei Wenjie , Ma Yan
Published: August 2021

It is more and more important to analyse and process complex data for gaining more valuable knowledge and making more accurate decisions. The multigranulation decision theory based on conditional probability and cost loss has the advantage of processing decision‐making problems from multi‐levels and multi‐angles, and the neighbourhood rough set model (NRS) can facilitate the analysis and processing of numerical or mixed type data, and can address the limitation of multigranulation decision‐theoretic rough sets (MG‐DTRS), which is not easy to cope with complex data. Based on the in‐depth study of hybrid‐valued decision systems and MG‐DTRS models, this study analysed neighbourhood MG‐DTRS (NMG‐DTRS) deeply by fusing MG‐DTRS and NRS; a matrix‐based approach for approximation sets of NMG‐DTRS model was proposed on the basis of the matrix representations of concepts; the positive, boundary and negative domains were constructed from the matrix perspective, and the concept of positive decision recognition rate was introduced. Furthermore, the authors explored the related properties of NMG‐DTRS model, and designed and described the corresponding solving algorithms in detail. Finally, some experimental results that were employed not only verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm, but also showed the relationship between the decision recognition rate and the granularity and threshold.
Fine structure in the luminosity function in young stellar populations with Gaia DR2
Authors: Guo Difeng , de Koter Alex , Kaper Lex , Brown Anthony G. A. , de Bruijne Jos H. J.
Published: August 2021

Context. A pioneering study showed that the fine structure in the luminosity function (LF) of young star clusters contains information about the evolutionary stage (age) and composition of the stellar population. The notable features include the H-peak, which is the result of the onset of hydrogen burning turning pre-main sequence stars into main sequence stars. The feature moves toward the faint end of the LF, and eventually disappears as the population evolves. Another detectable feature is the Wielen dip, a dip at MV ≃ 7 mag in the LF first identified in 1974 for stars in the solar environment. Later studies also identified this feature in the LF of star clusters. The Wielen dip is caused by the increased importance of H− opacity in a certain range of low-mass stars.

Aims. We studied the detailed structure in the luminosity function using the data from Gaia DR2 and PARSEC stellar evolution models with the aim to further our understanding of young stellar populations.

Methods. We analyzed the astrometric properties of stars in the solar neighborhood (< 20 pc) and in various relatively nearby (< 400 pc) young (< 50 Myr) open clusters and OB associations, and compare the features in the luminosity function with those generated by PARSEC models.

Results. The Wielen dip is confirmed in the LF of all the populations, including the solar neighborhood, at MG ≃ 7 mag. The H-peak is present in the LF of the field stars in the solar neighborhood. It likely signals that the population is mixed with a significant number of stars younger than 100 Myr. The H-peak is found in the LF of young open clusters and OB associations, and its location varies with age. The PARSEC evolutionary models predict that the H-peak moves from ∼ − 1 mag towards ∼ + 6 mag in MG for populations with ages increasing from 1 to ∼70 Myr. Our observations with Gaia DR2 confirm the evolution of the H-peak from ∼5 Myr up to ∼47 Myr. We provide a calibration function between MG and age that works in the age domain between 1 and 30 Myr.

Conclusions. The fine structure in the luminosity function in young stellar populations can be used to estimate their age.
The surface of (4) Vesta in visible light as seen by Dawn/VIR
Authors: Rousseau B. , De Sanctis M. C. , Raponi A. , Ciarniello M. , Ammannito E. , Frigeri A. , Carrozzo F. G. , Tosi F. , Scarica P. , Fonte S. , Raymond C. A. , Russell C. T.
Published: August 2021

Aims.We analyzed the surface of Vesta at visible wavelengths, using the data of the Visible and InfraRed mapping spectrometer (VIR) on board the Dawn spacecraft. We mapped the variations of various spectral parameters on the entire surface of the asteroid, and also derived a map of the lithology.

Methods.We took advantage of the recent corrected VIR visible data to map the radiance factor at 550 nm, three color composites, two spectral slopes, and a band area parameter relative to the 930 nm crystal field signature in pyroxene. Using the howardite-eucrite-diogenite meteorites data as a reference, we derived the lithology of Vesta using the variations of the 930 and 506 nm (spin-forbidden) band centers observed in the VIR dataset.

Results.Our spectral parameters highlight a significant spectral diversity at the surface of Vesta. This diversity is mainly evidenced by impact craters and illustrates the heterogeneous subsurface and upper crust of Vesta. Impact craters also participate directly in this spectral diversity by bringing dark exogenous material to an almost entire hemisphere. Our derived lithology agrees with previous results obtained using a combination of infrared and visible data. We therefore demonstrate that it is possible to obtain crucial mineralogical information from visible wavelengths alone. In addition to the 506 nm band, we identified the 550 nm spin-forbidden one. As reported by a laboratory study for synthetic pyroxenes, we also do not observe any shift of the band center of this feature across the surface of Vesta, and thus across different mineralogies, preventing use of the 550 nm spin-forbidden band for the lithology derivation. Finally, the largest previously identified olivine rich-spot shows a peculiar behavior in two color composites but not in the other spectral parameters.
Introducing the LBT Imaging of Galactic Halos and Tidal Structures (LIGHTS) survey
Authors: Trujillo Ignacio , D’Onofrio Mauro , Zaritsky Dennis , Madrigal-Aguado Alberto , Chamba Nushkia , Golini Giulia , Akhlaghi Mohammad , Sharbaf Zahra , Infante-Sainz Raúl , Román Javier , Morales-Socorro Carlos , Sand David J. , Martin Garreth
Published: August 2021

We present the first results of the LBT Imaging of Galaxy Haloes and Tidal Structures (LIGHTS) survey. LIGHTS is an ongoing observational campaign with the 2 × 8.4 m Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) aiming to explore the stellar haloes and the low surface brightness population of satellites down to a depth of μV ∼ 31 mag arcsec−2 (3σ in 10″ × 10″ boxes) of nearby galaxies. We simultaneously collected deep imaging in the g and r Sloan filters using the Large Binocular Cameras. The resulting images are 60 times (i.e. ∼4.5 mag) deeper than those from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and they have characteristics comparable (in depth and spatial resolution) to the ones expected from the future Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Here we show the first results of our pilot programme targeting NGC 1042 (an M 33 analogue at a distance of 13.5 Mpc) and its surroundings. The depth of the images allowed us to detect an asymmetric stellar halo in the outskirts of this galaxy whose mass (1.4 ± 0.4 × 108 M⊙) is in agreement with the ΛCDM expectations. Additionally, we show that deep imaging from the LBT reveals low mass satellites (a few times 105 M⊙) with very faint central surface brightness μV(0) ∼ 27 mag arcsec−2 (i.e. similar to Local Group dwarf spheroidals, such as Andromeda XIV or Sextans, but at distances well beyond the local volume). The depth and spatial resolution provided by the LIGHTS survey open up a unique opportunity to explore the ‘missing satellites’ problem in a large variety of galaxies beyond our Local Group down to masses where the difference between the theory and observation (if any) should be significant.
Invertebrate Community Similarity in the Nglambor Intertidal Zone, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Aliyani Yoga , Fera Rahmawati Yunita , Annisa Muflihaini Millade
Published: August 2021

This study aims to investigate the community composition similarity of invertebrates in the Nglambor intertidal zone. The similarity of invertebrate communities in the Nglambor intertidal zone in Indonesia was studied in August and September 2020.. The data of occurring invertebrates and algae were obtained by plot method. Abiotic factors such as water pH, light intensity, and salinity were measured at each station. The similarity in invertebrate communities among habitat types was determined using the Dice’s coefficient, meanwhile to estimate similarities in habitat utilization we use Jaccard’s coefficient in PAST 4 software. Both invertebrate community similarity and habitat utilization were displayed in an cluster dendrogram. A total of five phyla was recorded, comprising Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Mollusca and Nemertea. Algae cover varies from each station with the average cover reaches 52%. The result of the cluster analysis showed different models of invertebrate community similarity and habitat use that may be used for species conservation.
The Conservation of Proboscis Monkey in Suwi River, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Tri Atmoko , Mukhlisi
Published: August 2021

Suwi River, which is a part of Kenohan-Suwi Wetland in East Kutai District, East Kalimantan is a habitat of endangered animals such as proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Therefore, this study aims to determine the habitat, distribution, threats, and conservation efforts of proboscis monkeys in the Suwi River. To achieve this, the boat survey method was adopted, while plot line samples were used for vegetation analysis. The results showed that the habitat is composed of riverine plant species, such as prupuk (Mallotus sumatranus; IV=121.84%), bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa; IV=37.10%), and rengas (Gluta renghas; IV=34.76%). Furthermore, a minimum of 12 monkey groups was distributed in this area, however, their population is unknown. Illegal hunting by local people has caused population decline, this is in addition to other threats, such as habitat conversion, forest fire, and invasive plant species. The effort to protect the habitat of proboscis monkeys was made by developing Essential Ecosystem Areas Suwi-Mesangat. Other institutions that committed to protecting this area include Federal and local government, NGO, local community, and palm oil company
Polymorphism of CSN1S1 (g.12164G>A) and CSN2 (g.8913C>A) genes in pure and cross dairy goats
Authors: Anggraeni Anneke , Syifa Lailatus , Kurnia Sari Oktiq , Baso Lompengeng Ishak Andi , Sumantri Cece
Published: August 2021

Casein genes directly control milk protein of animals. CSN1S1 (αS1-Casein) and CSN2 (β-Casein) genes influence on milk protein fractions. Genetic polymorphisms of CSN1S1 gene at g.12164G>A locus and CSN2 gene at g.8913C>A locus were identified by PCR-RFLP technique. Animal samples were pure dairy goats providing PE (5 hds.), Saanen (8 hds.) and their crosses providing Sapera (50% Saanen, 50% PE) (51 hds.) and SaanPE (75% Saanen, 25% PE) (3 hds.) from IRIAP dairy goat station. Allele frequency, genotype frequency, heterozygosity value, and Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium value were analyzed by Popgen32 program. CSN1S1_g.12164G>A locus resulted in two alleles, i.e. G allele (192 bp, 145 bp, and 101 bp) and A allele (337 bp and 101 bp). The G allele from the highest frequenciest was successively Saanen (0.625), Sapera (0.578), PE (0.400), and SaanPE (0.333). Most dairy goats were heterozygote (Ho>He) and in H-W equilibrium (q2count < q2P0.05). Whereas CSN2_g.8913C>A locus was monomorphic for possesing only C allele (233 bp and 162 bp), without A allele (416 bp). The existent g.12164G>A SNP of the CSN1S1 gene of could be a potencial molecular selection marker of milk protein content in dairy goat.
Study on the Gembrong Goat Inbreeding in Tumbu Village, Indonesia
Authors: Ridho Muhammad , Putra Widya Pintaka Bayu
Published: August 2021

Gembrong goat is an Indonesian breed originating from Bali Province that is very rare, having a high level of inbreeding. The inbreeding coefficient (Fis), inbreeding rate (IR), and inbreeding probability (PI) values of Gembrong goat were estimated in Tumbu village, Bali province, Indonesia. Previous studies provide data on the pedigree records of goats in 2015. According to research, the Fis value of Gembrong goats at Tumbu village was 0.413, putting them in the high category (Fx > 0.125). The IR value in the Gembrong population at Tumbu village was 0.025, putting it in the high group (IR > 0.020). The PI value in the F1 Gembrong population was 0.184, which was in the low category (PI 0.50). In conclusion, the elevated Fis and IR values in Gembrong goats were caused by a small population size. In the future, the Gembrong goat recording system will be critical for reducing inbreeding.
Supplementation of herbals on the production performance and gastrointestinal health of layer hens
Authors: Ardiarini Novita , Lase Jonathan Anugrah
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of herbals on the production performance and gastrointestinal health of layer hens. There were 50 layer hens used and assigned randomly into two different types of diets namely, basal diet (T0) and basal diet+3ml herbals/1000g ration (T1) with each treatment consisting of 25 birds. Meanwhile, the herbals supplemented into the poultry feed consisted of tumeric, sambiloto leaves, soursop leaves, ginger, and lemongrass. Consequently, the T-test results showed that supplementation of herbals on treatment 1 (T1) statistically had no significant difference with treatment control (T0). The study concluded that the herbal mix could be used as a feed supplementation in a layer basal diet.
Probiotics and Herbs Combination in Commercial Feed Additives as Growth Promoter in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Emanuel Manggotu Nahak Thomas , Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni Agnesia , Yanuartono  , Rangga Tabbu Charles
Published: August 2021

The prohibition on the use of Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) causes the use of probiotics, herbs, enzymes and organic acids as an alternatives to AGP. This study aimed to determine the role of combination of probiotic and herbs in commercial feed additives on broiler performance. Sixty day-old male broiler were divided into 3 groups where each group consisted of 20 chickens with 4 replication each group. Group I was given commercial feed, group II was given commercial feed + AGP and group III was given commercial feed + combination of probiotics, herbs, enzymes and organic acids. All chickens were kept for 5 weeks. Body weight gain (BWG), body weight (BW) and Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR) were calculated every week. Carcass percentage was calculated at week 5. The results obtained from BWG and BW on group III at weeks 4 and 5 weeks were higher and significant difference (P<0.05) compared to groups I and II. The percentage of carcasses between groups did not have a significant difference (P>0.05). FCR values in group III from week 1 to weeks 5 were lower than groups I and II. The use of combination of probiotics, herbs, enzymes and organic acids has proven to have a good role on broiler performance so that it can replace AGP as a feed additive on broiler.