bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cities of solidarity: Leoluca Orlando and Tunç Soyer talk to Lorenzo Marsili
Authors: Palermo  , Izmir
Published: April 2020

As mayor of Palermo, Leoluca Orlando is famous for having stood up to the Mafia, and he has more recently become of champion of the rights of refugees. He is also part of the pilot project for a global parliament of mayors. Tunç Soyer, who is mayor of İzmir, pursues a similarly
welcoming approach to the city's refugees, and the city has also has a climate change department. The two Mediterranean cities have been establishing relationships of solidarity with each other, and here discuss shared concerns, and their belief that cities are often better able to meet current
global challenges - such as protecting the rights of refugees and migrants, and combatting the climate emergency - than are nation states. This is part of the 'Other Europes' series.
Malaria
Authors: Okwa Omolade Olayinka
Published: April 2020

Malaria is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito and is a parasitic disease which is caused by the Plasmodium species. It is a serious communicable disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The most vulnerable group is children aged 0-5 years. Malaria is responsible for most outpatient visits, hospital admissions and the main cause of school and work absenteeism. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) are essential for control programmes being the educational diagnosis and perception of a community about a disease which affects their attitudes and practices. This chapter reviews that the KAP of most communities in SSA have existing gaps which impacts on the control of malaria. A sound and adequate understanding of malaria and its proper recognition are crucial to its control. The inclusion of malaria education in a pupil's curriculum and effective information on the electronic and social media can change the misconceptions about malaria and correct attitudes and practices to intensify control efforts.
Diabetes
Authors: Miller Fabian , Anderson Melisa , Tucker Dwayne , Vaz Kurt , Brown Jabari , Anderson-Jackson Lennox , McGrowder Donovan Anthony
Published: April 2020

Worldwide diabetes mellitus affects millions of individuals. Diabetes mellitus presents biopsychosocial challenges for diabetic patients and their families. Psychological and sociocultural issues that affect individuals with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients negatively impact self-management activities aimed at attaining metabolic control and prevents future diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cerebrovascular diseases. There is increasing evidence that diabetes mellitus is associated with a number of psychological and psychiatric conditions. This review addresses the distinctive biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors such as social support, socioeconomic status and family interaction encountered by diabetic patients. Recommendations are provided that can enhance diabetic care and include improving current screening of psychological conditions as well as treatment practices. There is also the need for more support from family, friends and medical staff in addressing sociocultural issues that impede favorable diabetes management.
Stress
Authors: Ashipala Daniel Opotamutale , Shilunga Anna P. K.
Published: April 2020

This chapter provides readers with vital knowledge on smoking, including its effects in the human body which in return could lead to positive smoking behavioral change for a leader's own health as well as to caution non-smokers on the danger of exposure to second-hand smoke. Therefore, the chapter will commence with an introduction to smoking where national, continental and global issues related to smoking will be highlighted. The biopsychosocial factors related to smoking include biological factors, psychological factors and social factors. Given that, smoking is a huge cause of death worldwide and the number of deaths caused by smoking-related conditions is believed to have escalated, owing to a lack awareness of the dangers of smoking and poor attitudes towards smoking behaviors that continue to prevail in various populations. This chapter further seeks to provide a better understanding of smoking, including its contributory factors, strategies to be that may be adopted to quit smoking.
Depression
Authors: Shifiona Ndapewa Nehale , Ashipala Daniel Opotamutale
Published: April 2020

This chapter provides a broad overview of depression in adults. Depression is one of the leading causes of disability globally. It is a syndrome with central features of low mood, lack of enjoyment, reduced energy, negative thinking, poor sleep and appetite, lack of concentration, and suicidal ideation. It affects everyone. The purpose of this chapter is to outline the link between various contributory factors and depression among the adult population. Optimal management processes, including self-care, reduce the risk of relapse and improve the quality of life.
Historical and Future Perspective of Indian Spices
Authors: Singh Priyanka
Published: April 2020

Spices take an important place in common man's everyday life mainly because of their flavor, taste, and medicinal values. Spice usage grew with the increased use of processed products. India is the largest producer of spices in the world. Growth in Indian spices and spice product exports clearly show that Indian spices and spice products have a great demand in international markets. India is the land of spices and could exploit the fast-growing nutraceutical sector with its high intrinsic quality spices. The scope of spices like turmeric, ginger, fenugreek, garlic, and red pepper in the nutraceutical industry with their possible role in the control and prevention of important health disorders are examined. The demand for nutraceutical products has gone up as more people are turning to natural products for treating lifestyle diseases. This review deals with the history and origin of spices and their potential uses as well as future prospects in treatment of various diseases in a natural way.
Phytochemistry and Ethanopharmacology of Illicium verum (Staranise)
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Mishra Neha , Gupta Ena
Published: April 2020

Illicium verum, as a spice and pharmaceutical treatment of many harmful diseases, has been widely used in most Asian countries. The Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China considered it as both food and medicine due to its non-toxicity towards human health. In the present study, the review focuses mainly on food and medical applications of I. verum. The fruits are commonly used as an ingredient of the traditional “five-spice” powder of Chinese cooking, and the essential oil of I. verum can be used as flavoring. The extraction from I. verum has carminative, stomachic, stimulant, and diuretic properties, and is used as a pharmaceutical supplement. Shikimic acid extracted from I. verum is one of the main ingredients in the antiviral drug Tamiflu, which is used to fight avian influenza. It has also been reported to possess antimicrobial and antioxidative properties as well as significant anticancer potential. This review presents a detailed compilation of the literature on phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of Illicium verum.
Pharmacological Activity and Nutritional Potential of Buchanania lanzan Spreng
Authors: Awasthi Akanksha , Nisha
Published: April 2020

The plant science that studies the historical and current uses of plants is called ethnobotany. Spices and herbs have since medieval times been categorized as having medicinal properties. India is a land of spices, and several spices have been grown in the country. Buchanania lanzan Spreng, commonly known as char, achar, and chironji, is one among these spices. It has been referred to as one having immense value and medicinal use. The chapter discusses the cultivation, uses, chemical constituents, and therapeutic activities of Buchanania lanzan Spreng and emphasizes the need for and importance of pharmacognostic study.
Nutritional and Pharmacological Properties of Bay Leaves (Laurus nobilis L.)
Authors: Srivastava Rashmi
Published: April 2020

Laurus nobilis L., commonly known as bay leaves, is native to the southern Mediterranean region. It is a small tree belonging to the genus Laurus of the family Lauraceae. The essential oils created from the different parts of this plant, such as the leaves and flowers, have been used in the food, drug, and cosmetic industries. The essential oil chiefly consists of 1,8-cineole, sabinene, α-pinene, and p-Cymene. Researchers have reported that bay leaves possess various biological and pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, insecticidal, and nematicidal activities. Pharmacological studies found that bay leaf oil could be a promising candidate with the potential for designing new drugs. The goal of this review is to summarize the ethnomedicinal importance, phytochemistry, and wide spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic applications of bay leaves, which will be useful to researchers for further study.
Mustard Is a Miracle Seed to Human Health
Authors: Sahu Mamta , Devi Suman , Mishra Pragya , Gupta Ena
Published: April 2020

Brassica juncea, known as Indian mustard, has been used for centuries for its nutritional and medicinal values. L. brassica is a genus of plants in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. Among the different varieties of mustard, the three principals are Brassica hirta or Alba (yellow-white), B. nigra (black), and B. juncea (brown). In Asian countries, India ranks first in mustard production, and mustard is the primary cooking oil used. In folkloric medicine, different parts of the plants are obtained to treat a wide variety of human aliments. Mustard seed is good source of protein, fibre, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and phytonutrients. The plant has several health benefits acting as antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antimalarial, etc. The present study aims to discuss the up to date information regarding the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications of mustard seed and its essential oil.
Outcome-Based Curriculum Design for New-Generation Engineers
Authors: Kiliç Ayșe , Taptik Ìsmail Yilmaz
Published: April 2020

In this study, the stages of change in the curriculum of ITU Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department (MME) during the ABET accreditation process are summarized and evaluated in terms of both course contents and assessment-evaluation procedures. Improvements in the curriculum design have been carried out within the framework of continuous development, which is one of the essential criteria of today, and then assessment and evaluation methods have been developed, expecting the students become more equipped in their professional life. First of all, a discussion on the characteristics of the Information Age and ABET EAC Student Outcomes (SOs) is provided, followed by the presentation of ITU MME curriculum, conveying the changes in a chronological order. Subsequently, the continuous improvement cycle of ITU MME and the measurement and assessment stages for each outcome are explained. In conclusion, the new ABET EAC SOs are given with a comparison and a final evaluation.
Use of Collaborative Technologies in Engineering Education
Authors: Çakır Hasan , Ünal Erhan
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to explain the collaborative problem-solving approach and collaborative technologies that help engineering students to establish and improve collaboration in their coursework. To this end, the theoretical background of collaboration in education and the importance of the learning environments are discussed. Possible effects of a constructivist learning environment on engineering students' educational output are explained. Following that, the collaborative problem-solving approach and collaborative technologies are presented. Then, the collaborative problem-solving method framework and how collaborative technologies can be used with this method in the learning environment of engineering education are explained in detail. Finally, recommendations about future work are presented.
Challenge-Based Learning
Authors: Vilalta-Perdomo Eliseo L. , Michel-Villarreal Rosario , Lakshmi Geeta , Ge Chang
Published: April 2020

This chapter illustrates a research focused on how to effectively implement the challenge-based learning (CBL) approach in a higher education institution (HEI) in the UK. The challenge was linked to contemporary research conducted by a group of academics, which concerned how digital technologies can positively impact the local economy. The project was named ‘UoL4.0 Challenge', and it proved that designing and implementing CBL educational environments can increase students' propensity to work actively and proactively. The exercise also suggested that CBL may support students in the application of their academic skills and digital capabilities to support their communities. This study presents a description of the case and a reflection on lessons learned with an aim to provide guidelines for other educators and policymakers that are interested in implementing I4.0 educational initiatives at local or national levels. It is also suggested that CBL may play a fundamental role in implementing the triple-helix model of innovation.
How Serious Games Contribute to the Learning Experience of Engineering Students and Professionals
Authors: Willems Patrick
Published: April 2020

Engineers in a globalizing world need innovative skills as well as learning capabilities. They often need to cooperate in different teams in the supply chain of a company. Thus, they should practice before they perform like athletes and musicians do, but they cannot practice by making mistakes since it would be an expensive way to learn. Serious business games serve as a platform for the exchange of ideas, the sharing of expertise, and the alignment of objectives. Higher productivity along with employee satisfaction are their most prominent outcomes. Engineers should be able to work in teams, where behaviors can have both positive and negative effects. Serious business games can support organizations to develop more effective team behavior, influence the level of cooperation in a group, and, in turn, increase the company's profit. In this study, the authors examine a supply chain serious game called “The Fresh Connection” and discuss how it can improve the learning process at the university and further allow people to continue their learning process as an engineering professional.
Culture, Tradition, and Popular Culture
Authors: Ishaya Samuel Otu
Published: April 2020

The objective of this chapter was the analysis and critic of the possible conflicts that arise from culture, tradition, and emerging popular cultures in social interactions. The study aimed to demonstrate that there is a conflict of interest and supremacy between the people's culture, their long-held traditions, and emerging popular cultures. The chapter shows the differences and areas of conflict between these three elements of society. It equally demonstrated that the conflicts arising from their differences cause dislocation in social interaction in any given society. The study used the critical and philosophical analytic methods in its task.
Female Genital Mutilation and the Influence of Traditional Cultural Practices Against Women
Authors: Ekpatt AniediAbasi Okon
Published: April 2020

Female circumcision is central to African traditional religion and entails transgression of fundamental rights. However, the rationale for female circumcision seems to be consistent in most African societies, and is based for the most part on myth, ignorance of biological and medical facts, religion, and culture. The thinking and argument in many communities is that the clitoris is perceived variously as repulsive, filthy, foul smelling, dangerous to the life of the emerging newborn, and hazardous to the health and potency of the husband. This study therefore is an attempt to respond to the thesis that despite the right to freedom of religion or belief, including its manifestations, the right of ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups to enjoy their culture, the religio-cultural ritual of female circumcision as a rite of passage in Africa is shrouded with some traditional practices that has reconfigured the moral basis of female circumcision.
Cultural Conflicts and Resolution Mechanisms in Ibibio, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Essien Stella Patrick
Published: April 2020

This work posits that in most cases conflicts help to build a stronger bond of unity because we agree to disagree. The chapter seeks to demonstrate that African peacebuilding poses great challenge to what looks like a complex, standardized, and globalized understanding of peacebuilding of the international community propelled mainly by achievement of justice. Using the Ibibio of South Nigeria as a case study, the researcher shows that religion, culture, and morality are inseparably bound together and pragmatic. The researcher here presents and discusses the socio-political system in Ibibio land in order to expose the structures therein that invariably ensures a return of peace after relationships have been disrupted by strife. From this investigation, one notices the expression of commitment to peacebuilding through forgiveness, reconciliation, sound teaching, dialogue, which go hand in hand with reconciliation sacrifice. This work recommends the development of a comprehensive healing programme for traumatized people towards sustainable peacebuilding.
Culture of Safety and Good Health
Authors: Ekenene Godwin Effiong
Published: April 2020

The growing effect of drugs abuse is today fast becoming a global health concern. This has placed great burden on our society as it affects the economy, the healthcare system, public safety, family life, and as well as church messages to the world. Studies has shown that adolescents in Uyo who believed in drugs abuse often experience array of problems, like academic problems, mental issues, and poor peer relationships, which by extension affect family members, the community, and the entire society. These implications have raised accusing finger on what action the church has taken towards solving this problem that has befallen our society. Thus, this chapter seeks to establish church responses to drug abuse. The study made use of questionnaires in gathering data using purposive sampling technique to select participants. Data gathered were analyzed using simple percentage method and independent t-test. This chapter encourages churches to take concrete action on the issue of non-medical use prescription of drugs and drug abuse.
Theological Response to the Culture of Necrogamy in Ibibio Land
Authors: Udok Mbosowo Bassey
Published: April 2020

This chapter investigates the practice of necrogamy known as udo okpo by the Ibibio people in the light of theology. In Ibibio community, udo okpo as a practice has a long history till today. It is used as a means of facilitating human exploitation and sanctioning economic and financial hardship in the society. The practice has violated the fundamental human right of citizens especially the victim of udo okpo practice. The chapter adopts descriptive/survey methods of investigation making use of personal interview and participant observation. Findings reveal that instead of social integration of families by marriage, udo okpo practice brings about disunity among the affected families. With the use of theological methods namely, liberation theology, and cultural hermeneutics, the chapter portrays that cultural practices that dehumanize or put people in bondage are not the will of God for his creation. The chapter recommends that the church, government, and non-governmental organizations should organize educational programmes for the citizens on how to handle sociocultural practices.
Comparative Analysis of Dietary Laws in African Traditional Religion and Islam
Authors: Akpan Ubong-Abasi Asukwo Beatitudes
Published: April 2020

It is a veritable fact that dietary laws are cultural and religious heritage of human societies. It is an also an incontrovertible fact that religions have declared certain food lawful/unlawful for human consumption. These laws are peculiar to world faiths as they evolved out of a cultural milieu. In this study, the dietary laws of Islam and that of African traditional religion are placed side by side in comparison, with the aim of bringing to the fore the implications these laws portend towards culture and inter faith peace building processes. The aim of the study is to unravel how these religious laws affect the food and nutrition level of Africans. It is geared towards highlighting aspects of enculturation and cultural revivalism.
Exploring Culture and Entrepreneurship Nexus in Peacebuilding
Authors: Essien Essien
Published: April 2020

The cradle of humanity holds viable and sustainable solutions toward living together and in peace. Conflict, restiveness, risk, and vulnerability, therefore, are not things that exists in many people, especially the developing economies, but what exists in their social and economic environments. Therefore, reducing conflict and violence by overcoming structural deficits that generate contexts of conflict, violence, and criminality means generating productive opportunities through entrepreneurship for young people to reduce social risks of everyday life. Relying on content analysis of existing literature and descriptive methodology, this study attempts an investigation of how conflict in the society can be addressed through entrepreneurship development for sustainable peace. Findings, however, reveal that peacebuilding activities could be linked to entrepreneurship development with the hope of reducing unemployment, poverty, gender inequality, religious intolerance, increasing self-reliance, managing diversity, ethnic differences, and a culture of peace.
Using Indigenous Language as a Tool for Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding
Authors: Dagbo Yusuf Mashood
Published: April 2020

Language as a major aspect of culture is a foundation of human identification and cultural movement and also one of the platforms that the Institute has been using over the years to reach out to the public through the teaching of indigenous languages. It is the conviction of the Institute that the indigenous language could be used as a tool to prevent conflict and enhance peacebuilding in the nation. It is based on this background that this chapter justified the using of indigenous language as a tool for conflict prevention and peacebuilding through the use of the descriptive-historical method of analysis. The chapter addresses the importance of language, conceptualizes culture, indigenous language, conflict prevention, and peacebuilding. It further emphasizes the position of NICO on indigenous language, discusses the imperatives of using indigenous language for conflict resolution and peacebuilding. This chapter concludes by justifying the teaching of Nigerian indigenous languages by NICO as an instrument for conflict prevention and peacebuilding and recommends ways forward.
African Culture and Economy of Communion
Authors: Ukpong Donatus Pius
Published: April 2020

Religion and economic issues permeate theological discourses today. Religious faith influences the public sphere in many developing countries. It is observable that religious commitments could engineer economic and cultural transformation. Why poverty persists in many religiously dense countries like Nigeria poses a great challenge to both economists and theologians. It seems that faith is not translated into economic transformation and empowerment of citizens. This chapter examines whether religious commitment is contributing towards poverty or wealth creation. Following descriptive theological method, the chapter proposes a theology of economic communion as an engine for economic transformation and poverty alleviation in Nigeria. It recommends the idea of God as “trinity of persons” as a paradigm of sharing human and material resources, technology transfer, and capacity building. The chapter concludes by calling on all religious people to form networks of partnership to strengthen community-based enterprises in order to create collective wealth for their members.
From a Traditional to an Entrepreneurial University
Authors: Arnaut Dino
Published: April 2020

The transformation of a traditional research university to an entrepreneurial university is increasing because of the reduction in university funding from government sources and the constant emergence of a competitive market for research and education. A new approach has emerged, focusing on promoting the spillover of knowledge through university entrepreneurship. The creation of an entrepreneurial culture and the movement towards a Triple Helix model is a complex task that requires the efforts of many dedicated individuals. Universities as centres for knowledge creation and diffusion can be leveraged to generate future economic growth. For small transition countries, it is important that universities operate under policies that encourage entrepreneurship and innovation. The education of young people about entrepreneurship represents a highly valuable preparation for constant changes in the labour market. Entrepreneurial education is crucial to help young people develop entrepreneurial skills, attributes, and behaviour, as well as to embrace entrepreneurship as a career option.
Innovative Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Petković Saša
Published: April 2020

The education system at all levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), in an emerging and small open transitional economy is still insufficiently focused on strengthening the entrepreneurial spirit of young people, as well as encouraging young people to self-employment as a career option. The purpose of the research is to analyze the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of University of Banja Luka (UNIBL) and to model the future contours of a reformed modern medium-sized public university in small developing economies, with the focus on building campuses as entrepreneurial ecosystems. From empirical research carried out in 2018 by using a factor and correlation analysis, it can be concluded that UNIBL does not have the characteristics of an entrepreneurial university and that it is necessary to transform the university. A modified model of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the University of Chicago adapted to small transition emerging economies was proposed.
Promoting Entrepreneurship in HEIs
Authors: Nielsen Jelena Erić , Stojanović-Aleksić Vesna , Bošković Aleksandra
Published: April 2020

The European Commission considers entrepreneurship a key to ensuring economic growth. Entrepreneurship competence is the ability to transform ideas and opportunities into action by mobilizing resources. Entrepreneurship education refers to a wide range of skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary to generate creative ideas, achieve goals, and create new value. Transformational leadership is positively associated with student motivation, satisfaction, academic performance, affective and cognitive learning, enhancing innovation in universities. Close cooperation with business helps HEIs to backup students developing mind-sets for the job market by driving innovation. University spin-offs constitute an economically important sub-group of high-tech start-up firms: they have, consequently, engendered substantial academic interest. The purpose of this chapter is to extend understanding of the emergence of an entrepreneurial initiative in academic context through analysis of university spin-of ventures.
University Mergers
Authors: Savović Slađana
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to examine university mergers, their motives, problems, and challenges that emerge during process implementation, as well as their effects. Research results show that rarely there is one motive for merging institutions of higher education, but there are, most often, multiple motives. Furthermore, results of the analysis indicate that the efficiency of university mergers is different and that more successful mergers among institutions of different sizes, as well as among complementary institutions. Additionally, research results demonstrate that the most important challenge related to the implementation of university mergers refers to the conservatism of traditional academic cultures and the existence of strong employee resistance toward change. Finally, results of this study show that the key factors of the success of university mergers are successful management of human resources, leadership quality, communication on important aspects of changes, achieving cultural compliance of integrated institutions.
Graduate-Level Leadership Education
Authors: Tipurić Darko , Cindrić Lana , Hruška Domagoj
Published: April 2020

This chapter aims to describe how one of the leading business schools in South East Europe responded to market pressures for training competent leaders by installing novel practices in leadership education at the university level. The purpose of the chapter is twofold: (1) to outline the key steps in the process of a graduate study program development; (2) to present the advantages of adopting a holistic approach in leadership education. The chapter calls for more discussion on curriculum development and emphasizes the importance of sharing experiences in improving the quality of university leadership education.
Ontology-Based Measurement of Study Program Innovativeness in the Area of Economics and Management
Authors: Kovaleva Anna Sergeevna , Lula Paweł , Tuchowski Janusz
Published: April 2020

This chapter evaluates study program innovativeness based on an ontology-based measurement. It was supposed that topics of papers in leading journals in economics and management can be used as a “pattern of innovativeness” to reveal a connection between innovativeness of top innovative study programs of universities and the subjects from the research articles. The proposed method has been implemented by authors in R and Python languages to analyze the programs in economics and management at the top innovative universities. The proposed methodology has a much wider range of applications than the assessment of the innovation of study programs and can be useful for measuring innovative performance of different aspects of research activities or publications and for identification of the top innovative subjects.
Innovative Approach to Developing Competencies for Business Practice
Authors: Duh Mojca , Belak Jernej , Štrukelj Tjaša
Published: April 2020

The book chapter introduces the research findings on the application of teaching methods in higher education in Slovenia that positively affect the process of developing students' transversal competences. The goal of the research was to explore the teaching methods that should be applied in the process of improving transversal competences of students in higher education, from two perspectives: developing students' transversal competences at institutions of higher education and demands of the labour market regarding the required qualifications of graduates. Namely, contemporary business practice recognises transversal competences as increasingly important, due to their impact on innovation and development of society and economy. Higher education institutions have important role when diminishing mismatches between students' competences and applicable requirements of the labour market.
Design Science Research for Non-Formal Education
Authors: Pankowska Malgorzata B.
Published: April 2020

Each year, non-formal education (NFE) constantly involves more and more learners. NFE can be considered as one of the activity forms within university social responsibility (USR) programs. This form of education is strongly focused on the cooperation of the university with business partners, associations, and governmental institutions. Beneficiaries are not only students, but also people from business. NFE is not like formal education, which provides a diploma. Rather, NFE is oriented towards discussions, meetings, and exchanges of experiences. The goal of this chapter is to present models showing that NFE can be considered as research activity. The chapter includes proposals for application of design science research (DSR) as a paradigm for non-formal education realization processes. The processes are modelled in business process modelling notation (BPMN).
ANFIS-SCC Control of Shunt Active Power Filter for Minimization of Harmonics for More Electric Aircraft System
Authors: Khalid Saifullah , Kumar Shailendra
Published: April 2020

A growth of computational intelligence techniques is the motivation to propose an intelligent controller in this chapter to minimize the harmonics in a more electric aircraft systems due to the presence of nonlinear load applied in aircraft system. Conventional PI controller is implemented in the system and the compensated reference current is generated by sinusoidal current control theory. Shunt active power filter is mainly used to minimize the harmonics in the aircraft system feeding the nonlinear load. The proposed system uses conventional SCC- and ANFIS-based controller and the results are compared. The simulation result of total harmonic distortion (THD) is demonstrated through MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Methodology for Model-Based Fuzzy Kalman Filter Design via Singular Spectral Analysis of Experimental Data
Authors: Gomes Daiana C. S. , Serra Ginalber L. O.
Published: April 2020

This chapter presents a methodology for designing of fuzzy Kalman filter (FKF) via spectral decomposition of the experimental data. The adopted methodology consists in the parametric estimation of local state-space linear submodels of a fuzzy model of the dynamic system, by means of a fuzzy algorithm based on least squares, as well as in the estimation of FKF gains from the fuzzy model, using the parallel and distributed compensation (PDC) method. The partitioning of experimental data is performed by the fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm, for the definition of the rule base as well as the nonlinear FKF characteristic. Considering the PDC method, the Kalman gains in the consequent of each FKF rule are updated as a function of the unobservable components resulting from the spectral decomposition of noisy experimental data. Computational and experimental results illustrate the good performance of the methodology presented when compared to relevant approaches from the literature.
Fuzzy Logic PI Controller
Authors: Kumar Piush , Shrivastava Sarika
Published: April 2020

The term fuzzy logic has been used in two different senses. It is thus important to clarify the distinctions between these two different usages of the term. In a narrow sense, fuzzy logic refers to a logical system that generalizes classical two-valued logic for reasoning under uncertainty. In a broad sense, fuzzy logic refers to all of the theories and technologies that employ fuzzy sets, which are classes with unsharp boundaries. Fuzzy logic is all about the relative importance of correctness: How supreme is it to be exactly right when a rough answer will do?
FLC Technique in Smart Grid for Demand Side Management
Authors: Tripathi Kitty , Shrivastava Sarika
Published: April 2020

The chapter discusses the general characteristics of smart grid, which combines different state-of-the-art technologies intended for operative power distribution when the generation is decentralized. Fault's existence in the power grid is entirely unanticipated. Fuzzy logic is the computational intelligence technique that integrates the knowledge base of experts that is either human or system using the qualitative expression. This technique can successfully be applied for end-user who is a prosumer and aims for low electricity bill as well as provide intelligent decision-making skill in the agents of the multi-agent system. Fuzzy inference system can be efficiently used in such systems due to its capability to deal with imprecision, incomplete data, and its strong knowledge base.
Application of Novel Techniques in Active Power Filter
Authors: Verma Karunendra Kumar , Mishra V. M. , Kumar Niraj
Published: April 2020

Traditionally, the major part of the electrical power is generally consumed by the non-linear loads due to frequent application of the semiconductor devices in the form of domestic and industrial loads. This results from distortion in the actual supply voltage waveform at the source end due to the interference of the multiple harmonics generated out of semiconductor devices used at load end and excessive absorption of the reactive power. The insufficiency of these compensation techniques leads to the advent of the phase multiplication techniques as well as the most reliable and economic active power filtering scheme. A deep analysis showing tedious waveforms using the ORCAD simulation package for the various kind of loads in conjunction with the single-phase active power filter shunted to the single-phase line at the load end for the two current control techniques (i.e., hysteresis band current control, triangularization of current control) has been done. The results are analyzed and tested to lead the optimistic approach for APF (active power filters).
AI in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Kaur Preetjot , Garg Roopali
Published: April 2020

This chapter provides a-state-of-art of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques applied to cognitive radio networks. Cognitive radio (CR) is an empowering innovation for various new opportunities, for example, spectrum sensing, access, markets, and self-organizing networks. Its target is to enable the system to exploit the available resources through self-learning and to adapt itself accordingly to the sensed environment. To understand this plethora of applications, CR researchers often make use of several types of AI techniques. By utilizing AI, the network system can immediately complete self-awareness learning, structure association, and scheduling several tasks. To help researchers obtain a healthier knowledge of AI techniques along with CR, this chapter presents several such implementations that have already been applied. Finally, the literature review of the best accomplishments in applying AI techniques to CRs is presented and classified according to the major techniques of artificial intelligence.
Comparison of Artificial Intelligence-Based Solutions Applied to Economic Load Dispatch Problem
Authors: Shrivastava Sarika , Kumar Piush
Published: April 2020

The electric power system network is rapidly becoming more and more complex to meet energy requirements. With the development of integrated power systems, it becomes all the more necessary to operate the plant units most economically. More recently, soft computing techniques have received more attention and have been used in a number of successful and practical applications. In the chapter, artificial intelligence-based modern optimization techniques, the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and differential evolution (DE), are used to solve the economic load dispatch related problems. In the chapter, the minimum cost is computed by adopting the genetic algorithm, PSO, and DE using the data from 15 generating units. Data has been taken from the published works containing loss coefficients are also given with the maximum-minimum power limits and cost function. All the techniques are implemented in MATLAB environment. Comparing the results obtained from GA, DE, and PSO-based method, better convergence was found in the PSO-based approach.
Comparative Study of Stereo Correspondence Techniques for Underwater Images
Authors: C. J. Prabhakar
Published: April 2020

The aim of the chapter is to provide an overview of the computer vision techniques involved in stereo correspondence of underwater images, which is one of the important steps in the 3D reconstruction of underwater objects and scenes. The author provide briefly the various categories of techniques for 3D reconstruction of objects. Also, the author provides steps involved in the 3D reconstruction of objects using stereo vision technique, particularly, more focused on stereo correspondence step and its techniques available in the literature. Further, they present some of the local and global stereo correspondence methods employed for underwater stereo images with simulation results. Finally, the author presents a visual comparison of local and global stereo correspondence techniques employed for underwater stereo images.
Introduction to Machine Learning and Its Application
Authors: Patel Ladly , Gaurav Kumar Abhishek
Published: April 2020

In today's world, a huge amount of data is available. So, all the available data are analyzed to get information, and later this data is used to train the machine learning algorithm. Machine learning is a subpart of artificial intelligence where machines are given training with data and the machine predicts the results. Machine learning is being used in healthcare, image processing, marketing, etc. The aim of machine learning is to reduce the work of the programmer by doing complex coding and decreasing human interaction with systems. The machine learns itself from past data and then predict the desired output. This chapter describes machine learning in brief with different machine learning algorithms with examples and about machine learning frameworks such as tensor flow and Keras. The limitations of machine learning and various applications of machine learning are discussed. This chapter also describes how to identify features in machine learning data.
Improved Design and Optimization of IIR Filters by Cascading of ABC, PSO, and CA
Authors: Dabas Yogesh , Agrawal Neetu
Published: April 2020

This chapter presents a technique for the design and optimization of the IIR filters by cascading the nature-inspired algorithms including ABC, PSO, and CA. All these algorithms are applied in Low Pass IIR filter and High Pass IIR filter to obtain the optimized filter coefficients so as to minimize the difference between an ideal magnitude response and the desired magnitude response. Finally, IIR filter magnitude response curves and the achieved fitness values for ABC, PSO, and CA are compared to that of the cascaded approach.
Design of Linear Phase FIR Low Pass Filter Using Mutation-Based Particle Swarm Optimization Technique
Authors: Kaur Taranjit , Dhaliwal Balwinder Singh
Published: April 2020

This chapter presents a mutation-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach for designing a linear phase digital low pass FIR filter (LPF). Since conventional gradient-based methods are susceptible to being trapped in local optima, the stochastic search methods have proven to be effective in a multi-dimensional non-linear environment. In this chapter, LPF with 20 coefficients has been designed. Since filter design is a multidimensional optimization problem, the concept of mutation helps in maintaining diversity in the swarm population and thereby efficiently controlling the local search and convergence to the global optimum solution. Given the filter specifications to be realized, the Mutation PSO (MPSO) tries to meet the ideal frequency response characteristics by generating an optimal set of filter coefficients. The simulation results have been compared with basic PSO and state of artworks on filter design. The results justify that the proposed technique outperforms not only in convergence speed but also in the quality of the solution obtained.
Foundations of Development/Introduction to Development
Authors: Yersel Beyhan Özge , Durualp Ender
Published: April 2020

Development is a dynamic process starting from prenatal period and lasting for life. In order to understand development, some basic concepts such as development, growth, progress, change, maturation, learning, readiness, period, critical period, time, and historical time should be mentioned. To understand development, it is necessary to know the principle of development. Development is affected by biological and many environmental factors. It is accepted that development is a product of heredity and environment. The periods of development, which take part in the life of the individual and defined with certain characteristics, are classified as prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Development is examined by branching such as physical, motor, cognitive, language, social and emotional, personality, moral, perceptual development, and sexual development. Families and educators play an important role in supporting the development of children. Ethics is a very sensitive issue in child development.
Developmental Tasks
Authors: Gürsoy Figen , Aysu Burçin
Published: April 2020

Recognizing this period and the features in this period is regarded very important in terms of evaluating, following, and supporting child development. The concept of a developmental task should be approached in each period in order to understand the development. An individual should be biologically ready to carry out the developmental tasks belonging to the period he is in. However, in addition to biological readiness, the environmental conditions like the education environment should be appropriate in order to carry out the developmental tasks. Especially in the early years, schools have crucial roles in children's fulfillment of the developmental tasks and developing. Development periods and development duties should be known in order to observe and understand the development process better. Based on this view, the development periods and the development duties are to be explained in this section.
Prenatal Development
Authors: Karaca Nezahat Hamiden
Published: April 2020

The prenatal period is a vital process for the mother and father to become conscious about the development of the baby. Particularly in this process, in which mental and physical changes are observed in the mother, both the mother and father should be supported in order for the baby in the mother's womb to have a healthy gestation and to prevent a risky pregnancy. In this regard, particularly with the impact of recent technological innovations and with the increasing awareness of parents through increasing literacy, it is reported that the mortality rate is decreased; however, it is also reported that severe injuries during pregnancy and disabled babies still exist. From this point of view, the basic concepts related to development, developmental areas, developmental principles, factors affecting development and prenatal development will be explained in detail in the antenatal development section.
Late Childhood Period
Authors: Kilinç Fatma Elif , Aysu Burçin
Published: April 2020

Development expresses the process that starts from impregnation and continues till the end of life. Man is a living creature that is born with a number of hereditary features and can improve them. The features of development areas should be known in order to recognize man as a whole. In the classification regarding the development periods of people, the late childhood period is between the ages of eleven to eighteen and it is also expressed as puberty. In this period the process of transition to adulthood is observed. Further, the teenager starts to become independent from his/her family and acquires personal values and purposes in this period. In this study, the late childhood period is explained in detail.
Early Literacy Skills
Authors: Biltekin Adalet , Biçakçi Müdriye Yildiz
Published: April 2020

Early literacy skills are related to many developmental areas of children such as language development and motor development. The development of children's early literacy skills affects their future development of literacy. Therefore, teachers should promote children's early literacy skills. In addition, the activities of conscious parents with their children positively affect their early literacy development. Based on these, it is important to address the issue of early literacy. For this reason, the definition of early literacy and concepts related to early literacy, the importance of early literacy, the factors which affect early literacy skills, the development process of early literacy, educational approaches related to early literacy, promotion of early literacy skills are included in this book chapter.