bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cell metabolic adaptation in wound and tumour by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Morone Diego , Autilia Francesca D’ , Schorn Tilo , Erreni Marco , Doni Andrea
Published: April 2020

Acidic pH occurs in acute wounds progressing to healing as consequence of a cell metabolic adaptation in response to injury-induced tissue hypoperfusion. In tumours, high metabolic rate leads to acidosis affecting cancer progression. Acidic pH affects activities of remodelling cells in vitro. The pH measurement predicts healing in pathological wounds and success of surgical treatment of burns and chronic ulcers. However, current methods are limited to skin surface or based on detection of fluorescence intensity of specific sensitive probes that suffer of microenvironment factors. Herein, we ascertained relevance in vivo of cell metabolic adaptation in skin repair by interfering with anaerobic glycolysis. Moreover, a custom-designed skin imaging chamber, 2-Photon microscopy (2PM), fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and data mapping analyses were used to correlate maps of glycolytic activity in vivo as measurement of NADH intrinsic lifetime with areas of hypoxia and acidification in models of skin injury and cancer. The method was challenged by measuring the NADH profile by interfering with anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Therefore, intravital NADH FLIM represents a tool for investigating cell metabolic adaptation occurring in wounds, as well as the relationship between cell metabolism and cancer.
Infant Corpus Callosum Size After Surgery and Critical Care for Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia: Qualitative and Quantitative MRI
Authors: Mongerson Chandler R. L. , Jaimes Camilo , Zurakowski David , Jennings Russell W. , Bajic Dusica
Published: April 2020

Previous studies in preterm infants report white matter abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) as an important predictor of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Our cross-sectional study aimed to describe qualitative and quantitative CC size in critically ill infants following surgical and critical care for long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) – in comparison to healthy infants – using MRI. Non-sedated brain MRI was acquired for full-term (n = 13) and premature (n = 13) patients following treatment for LGEA, and controls (n = 20) <1 year corrected age. A neuroradiologist performed qualitative evaluation of T1-weighted images. ITK-SNAP was used for linear, 2-D and 3-D manual CC measures and segmentations as part of CC size quantification. Qualitative MRI analysis indicated underdeveloped CC in both patient groups in comparison to controls. We show no group differences in mid-sagittal CC length. Although 2-D results were inconclusive, volumetric analysis showed smaller absolute (F(2,42) = 20.40, p < 0.001) and normalized (F(2,42) = 16.61, p < 0.001) CC volumes following complex perioperative treatment for LGEA in both full-term and premature patients, suggesting delayed or diminished CC growth in comparison to controls, with no difference between patient groups. Future research should look into etiology of described differences, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and role of the CC as an early marker of neurodevelopment in this unique infant population.
Phoenixin-20 Stimulates mRNAs Encoding Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Hormones, is Pro-Vitellogenic, and Promotes Oocyte Maturation in Zebrafish
Authors: Rajeswari Jithine Jayakumar , Unniappan Suraj
Published: April 2020

Phoenixin-20 (PNX-20) is a bioactive peptide with hormone-like actions in vertebrates. In mammals, PNX stimulates hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal hormones and regulate reproductive processes. Our immunohisto/cytochemical studies show PNX-like and the putative PNX receptor, SREB3-like immunoreactivity in the gonads of zebrafish, and in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells. Intraperitoneal injection of zebrafish PNX-20 upregulates mRNAs encoding both salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and chicken GnRH-II and kisspeptin and its receptor in zebrafish hypothalamus. Similarly, luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the testis, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in the ovary, and the kisspeptin system were upregulated in the gonads of PNX-20 injected fish. We also observed the upregulation of genes involved in the sex steroidogenic pathway (cyp11a1, cyp17a1, 17βhsd, cyp19a1a) in the gonads of PNX-20 administered fish. PNX-20 upregulates the expression of vitellogenin isoforms and estrogen receptor (esr2a and 2b) mRNAs in ZFL cells in vitro. Meanwhile, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PNX-20 resulted in the downregulation of all vitellogenin transcripts, further suggesting its possible role in vitellogenesis. PNX-20 treatment resulted in a significant increase in germinal vesicle breakdown in zebrafish follicles in vitro. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence for PNX-20 effects on the HPG axis and liver to promote reproduction in zebrafish.
Discovery of novel biomarkers for atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm through proteomics-based assessment of disease progression
Authors: Yagi Hiroaki , Nishigori Mitsuhiro , Murakami Yusuke , Osaki Tsukasa , Muto Sayaka , Iba Yutaka , Minatoya Kenji , Ikeda Yoshihiko , Ishibashi-Ueda Hatsue , Morisaki Takayuki , Ogino Hitoshi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Sasaki Hiroaki , Matsuda Hitoshi , Minamino Naoto
Published: April 2020

Since aortic aneurysms (AAs) are mostly asymptomatic, but they have a high mortality rate upon rupture, their detection and progression evaluation are clinically important issues. To discover diagnostic biomarkers for AA, we performed proteome analysis of aortic media from patients with thoracic atherosclerotic AA (TAAA), comparing protein levels between the aneurysm and normal tissue areas. After hierarchical clustering analysis of the proteome analysis data, tissue samples were classified into three groups, regardless of morphological features. This classification was shown to reflect disease progression stage identified by pathological examination. This proteomics-based staging system enabled us to identify more significantly altered proteins than the morphological classification system. In subsequent data analysis, Niemann-Pick disease type C2 protein (NPC2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) were selected as novel biomarker candidates for AA and were compared with the previously reported biomarker, thrombospondin 1 (THBS1). Blood concentrations of NPC2 and IGFBP7 were significantly increased, while THBS1 levels were decreased in TAAA and abdominal atherosclerotic AA patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of AA patients and healthy controls showed that NPC2 and IGFBP7 have higher specificity and sensitivity than THBS1. Thus, NPC2 and IGFBP7 are promising biomarkers for the detection and progression evaluation of AA.
The combined effects of motor and social goals on the kinematics of object-directed motor action
Authors: Gigliotti Maria Francesca , Sampaio Adriana , Bartolo Angela , Coello Yann
Published: April 2020

Voluntary actions towards manipulable objects are usually performed with a particular motor goal (i.e., a task-specific object-target-effector interaction) and in a particular social context (i.e., who would benefit from these actions), but the mutual influence of these two constraints has not yet been properly studied. For this purpose, we asked participants to grasp an object and place it on either a small or large target in relation to Fitts’ law (motor goal). This first action prepared them for a second grasp-to-place action which was performed under temporal constraints, either by the participants themselves or by a confederate (social goal). Kinematic analysis of the first preparatory grasp-to-place action showed that, while deceleration time was impacted by the motor goal, peak velocity was influenced by the social goal. Movement duration and trajectory height were modulated by both goals, the effect of the social goal being attenuated by the effect of the motor goal. Overall, these results suggest that both motor and social constraints influence the characteristics of object-oriented actions, with effects that combine in a hierarchical way.
C-reactive protein (CRP) recognizes uric acid crystals and recruits proteases C1 and MASP1
Authors: Alberts Anika , Klingberg Annika , Wessig Anne Kathrin , Combes Christèle , Witte Torsten , Brand Korbinian , Pich Andreas , Neumann Konstantin
Published: April 2020

Gout is caused by crystallization of uric acid in the form of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which induce a sterile inflammatory response that is hardly distinguishable from microbe-induced inflammatory responses. It is unclear, if MSU crystals (like microbes) are recognized by specific pattern recognition receptors. To identify possible soluble pattern recognition molecules for MSU crystals, we purified MSU-binding proteins from human body fluids. We identified C-reactive protein (CRP) as a major MSU-binding protein. Binding of CRP was strong enough to specifically deplete CRP from human serum. We found that CRP was required for fixation of complement components C1q, C1r, C1s and MASP1. Thus, we have identified a pattern recognition molecule for MSU crystals that links to the activation of complement. Notably, CRP does not show an even binding to the complete surface of the crystals. It rather binds to edges or distinct faces of the crystals.
First interchromosomal insertion in a patient with cerebral and spinal cavernous malformations
Authors: Pilz Robin A. , Schwefel Konrad , Weise Anja , Liehr Thomas , Demmer Philipp , Spuler Andreas , Spiegler Stefanie , Gilberg Eberhard , Hübner Christian A. , Felbor Ute , Rath Matthias
Published: April 2020

Autosomal dominant cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are leaky vascular lesions that can cause epileptic seizures and stroke-like symptoms. Germline mutations in either CCM1, CCM2 or CCM3 are found in the majority of patients with multiple CCMs or a positive family history. Recently, the first copy number neutral inversion in CCM2 has been identified by whole genome sequencing in an apparently mutation-negative CCM family. We here asked the question whether further structural genomic rearrangements can be detected within NGS gene panel data of unsolved CCM cases. Hybrid capture NGS data of eight index patients without a pathogenic single nucleotide, indel or copy number variant were analyzed using two bioinformatics pipelines. In a 58-year-old male with multiple CCMs in his brain and spinal cord, we identified a 294 kb insertion within the coding sequence of CCM2. Fine mapping of the breakpoints, molecular cytogenetic studies, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification verified that the structural variation was an inverted unbalanced insertion that originated from 1p12-p11.2. As this rearrangement disrupts exon 6 of CCM2 on 7p13, it was classified as pathogenic. Our study demonstrates that efforts to detect structural variations in known disease genes increase the diagnostic sensitivity of genetic analyses for well-defined Mendelian disorders.
Prolactin Acts on Myeloid Progenitors to Modulate SMAD7 Expression and Enhance Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation into the NK Cell Lineage
Authors: Tufa Dejene M. , Shank Tyler , Yingst Ashley M. , Trahan George Devon , Shim Seonhui , Lake Jessica , Woods Renee , Jones Kenneth , Verneris Michael R.
Published: April 2020

Numerous cell types modulate hematopoiesis through soluble and membrane bound molecules. Whether developing hematopoietic progenitors of a particular lineage modulate the differentiation of other hematopoietic lineages is largely unknown. Here we aimed to investigate the influence of myeloid progenitors on CD34+cell differentiation into CD56+innate lymphocytes. Sorted CD34+cells cultured in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) give rise to numerous cell types, including progenitors that expressed the prolactin receptor (PRLR). These CD34+PRLR+myeloid-lineage progenitors were derived from granulocyte monocyte precursors (GMPs) and could develop into granulocytes in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)in vitro. Moreover, CD34+PRLR+myeloid progenitors lacked lymphoid developmental potential, but when stimulated with prolactin (PRL) they increased the differentiation of other CD34+cell populations into the NK lineage in a non-contact dependent manner. Both mRNA and protein analyses show that PRL increased mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (SMAD7) in CD34+PRLR+myeloid cells, which reduced the production of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine known to inhibit CD56+cell development. Thus, we uncover an axis whereby CD34+PRLR+GMPs inhibit CD56+lineage development through TGF-β1 production and PRL stimulation leads to SMAD7 activation, repression of TGF-β1, resulting in CD56+cell development.
Neuronal LXR Regulates Neuregulin 1 Expression and Sciatic Nerve-Associated Cell Signaling in Western Diet-fed Rodents
Authors: Gavini Chaitanya K. , Bonomo Raiza , Mansuy-Aubert Virginie
Published: April 2020

Neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve injuries significantly affects sensory perception and quality of life. Accumulating evidence strongly link cholesterol with development and progression of Obesity and Diabetes associated-neuropathies. However, the exact mechanisms of how cholesterol/lipid metabolism in peripheral nervous system (PNS) contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropathy remains poorly understood. Dysregulation of LXR pathways have been identified in many neuropathic models. The cholesterol sensor, LXR α/β, expressed in sensory neurons are necessary for proper peripheral nerve function. Deletion of LXR α/β from sensory neurons lead to pain-like behaviors. In this study, we identified that LXR α/β expressed in sensory neurons regulates neuronal Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1), protein involved in cell-cell communication. Using in vivo cell-specific approaches, we observed that loss of LXR from sensory neurons altered genes in non-neuronal cells located in the sciatic nerve (potentially representing Schwann cells (SC)). Our data suggest that neuronal LXRs may regulate non-neuronal cell function via a Nrg1-dependent mechanism. The decrease in Nrg1 expression in DRG neurons of WD-fed mice may suggest an altered Nrg1-dependent neuron-SC communication in Obesity. The communication between neurons and non-neuronal cells such as SC could be a new biological pathway to study and understand the molecular and cellular mechanism underlying Obesity-associated neuropathy and PNS dysfunction.
Hydrostatic pressure mapping of barium titanate phase transitions with quenched FeRh
Authors: Urban Christian , Bennett Steven P. , Schuller Ivan K.
Published: April 2020

We report a pressure study of the metamagnetic/ferroelectric hybrid heterostructure of a quenched FeRh thin film (25 nm) grown on single crystal barium titanate (BTO). It has been previously reported that when the BTO undergoes a crystal transition a massive magnetization and coercivity change is triggered in the highly strain sensitive quenched FeRh thin film. Therefore quenched FeRh makes for an ideal probe for mapping a materials structural phase transitions. In this work we demonstrate this effect as a function of both temperature and hydrostatic pressure. As a result, we present the pressure dependence of the hybrid material which aligns identically with the BTO substrates pressure dependence reported in literature. The concept of combining a structural phase transitional (SPT) material with a magnetostrictive magnetic metal has been shown with vanadium oxides and our findings here prove that this methodology can be extended to strain sensitive metamagnetic materials systems in thin film, and possibly in bulk, heterostructures.
Step-Adsorption of Vanadium (V) and Chromium (VI) in the Leaching Solution with Melamine
Authors: Peng Hao , Shang Qian , Chen Ronghua , Zhang Liuying , Chen Ya , Guo Jing
Published: April 2020

The vanadium (V) and chromium (VI) was hard to separate directly due to the similar nature. In this paper, separation and recovery of vanadium (V) and chromium (VI) from a leaching solution was investigated by adsorption of vanadium (V) with melamine, followed by electro-reduction of chromium (VI) and adsorption of chromium (III) with melamine, respectively. The effects of experimental parameters including dosage of melamine, reaction temperature and reaction time on the adsorption process were investigated. The results showed that melamine was a good sorbent for adsorption of vanadium (V) and chromium (III). 99.89% of vanadium (V) was adsorbed by melamine at the optimal conditions, the adsorption kinetic was followed the pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir model. While the adsorption of chromium (III) was followed the pseudo-first-order model and the adsorption isotherm was conformed to the Freundlich model as the adsorption efficiency was 98.63% under optimal conditions.
Altered organization of collagen fibers in the uninvolved human colon mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the malignant tumor
Authors: Despotović Sanja Z. , Milićević Đorđe N. , Krmpot Aleksandar J. , Pavlović Aleksandra M. , Živanović Vladimir D. , Krivokapić Zoran , Pavlović Vladimir B. , Lević Steva , Nikolić Gorana , Rabasović Mihailo D.
Published: April 2020

Remodelling of collagen fibers has been described during every phase of cancer genesis and progression. Changes in morphology and organization of collagen fibers contribute to the formation of microenvironment that favors cancer progression and development of metastasis. However, there are only few data about remodelling of collagen fibers in healthy looking mucosa distant from the cancer. Using SHG imaging, electron microscopy and specialized softwares (CT-FIRE, CurveAlign and FiberFit), we objectively visualized and quantified changes in morphology and organization of collagen fibers and investigated possible causes of collagen remodelling (change in syntheses, degradation and collagen cross-linking) in the colon mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the cancer in comparison with healthy mucosa. We showed that in the lamina propria this far from the colon cancer, there were changes in collagen architecture (width, straightness, alignment of collagen fibers and collagen molecules inside fibers), increased representation of myofibroblasts and increase expression of collagen-remodelling enzymes (LOX and MMP2). Thus, the changes in organization of collagen fibers, which were already described in the cancer microenvironment, also exist in the mucosa far from the cancer, but smaller in magnitude.
Muscle architecture dynamics modulate performance of the superficial anterior temporalis muscle during chewing in capuchins
Authors: Laird Myra F. , Granatosky Michael C. , Taylor Andrea B. , Ross Callum F.
Published: April 2020

Jaw-muscle architecture is a key determinant of jaw movements and bite force. While static length-force and force-velocity relationships are well documented in mammals, architecture dynamics of the chewing muscles and their impact on muscle performance are largely unknown. We provide novel data on how fiber architecture of the superficial anterior temporalis (SAT) varies dynamically during naturalistic feeding in tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella). We collected data on architecture dynamics (changes in muscle shape or the architectural gear ratio) during the gape cycle while subjects fed on foods of different mechanical properties. Architecture of the SAT varied with phases of the gape cycle, but gape distance accounted for the majority of dynamic changes in architecture. In addition, lower gear ratios (low muscle velocity relative to fascicle velocity) were observed when animals chewed on more mechanically resistant foods. At lower gear ratios, fibers rotated less during shortening resulting in smaller pinnation angles, a configuration that favors increased force production. Our results suggest that architectural dynamics may influence jaw-muscle performance by enabling the production of higher bite forces during the occlusal phase of the gape cycle and while processing mechanically challenging foods.
Soil microbial community shifts with long-term of different straw return in wheat-corn rotation system
Authors: Su Yao , Yu Man , Xi Hui , Lv Jinling , Ma Zhenghua , Kou Changlin , Shen Alin
Published: April 2020

Despite the integral role of the soil microbial community in straw decomposition, we still have a limited understanding of the complex response of microbial community to long-term of crop straw return in rotation system. Here we report on the structural and functional response of the soil bacterial and fungal community to more than 10 years of straw return in wheat-corn rotation system. Compared with single-season straw return, soil microbial phosphor lipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and catabolic activity were improved more greatly with double-season straw return. The relative abundance of bacteria and fungi decreased with double-season straw return, but increased with single-season straw return. The copiotrophic bacteria were more represented in the soils with corn straw return, while oligotrophic groups were more represented in soils with wheat straw return. Compared with wheat straw return, lower fungal community diversity and higher abundance of fungal pathogen (identified to be Leptosphaeria) were observed with corn straw return, especially at high return rates. Redundancy analysis showed that soil available potassium (P = 0.008) and ratio of C to N (P = 0.048) significantly affected the soil bacterial community, while soil electric conductivity (P = 0.04) was the significant factor impacting soil fungal community. It suggests that full corn straw return might have positive impact on soil mineral nutrient but negative impact on soil fungal community diversity and pathogenic risk, mainly due to the change in soil electric conductivity.
Study on the effects of polymer modifiers and phloem girdling on cotton in cadmium-contaminated soil in Xinjiang Province, China
Authors: An MengJie , Wei Changzhou , Wang Kaiyong , Fan Hua , Wang Xiaoli
Published: April 2020

The effects of two liquid modifiers (polyacrylate compound modifier and organic polymer compound modifier) and phloem girdling (stem girdling and branch girdling) on cadmium (Cd) content, Cd transport, and photosynthetic parameters of cotton (Xinluzao 60) in Cd-contaminated soil (40 mg kg −1) were studied through barrel experiment. The results showed that the distribution ratios of Cd in stem, leaves, and bolls, leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf stomatal conductance (Gs), leaf transpiration rate (Tr), and chlorophyll content were decreased after girdling; and the application of modifiers reduced the Cd content and the Cd transported to the shoot, while alleviating photosynthetic damage caused by girdling. In general, our results indicated that the inhibition of carbohydrate supply caused by girdling reduced the photosynthetic capacity of cotton, while the applications of the two liquid modifiers decrease the influence to cotton photosynthesis. Moreover, Cd and modifiers may be transported to the shoot through both phloem and xylem.
No evidence of spontaneous preference for slowly moving objects in visually naïve chicks
Authors: Lemaire Bastien S.
Published: April 2020

It has been recently reported that young chicks that have received equal exposure to slowly- and fast-rotating objects showed a preference for slowly-rotating objects. This would suggest that visual experience with slowly moving objects is necessary for object recognition in newborns. I attempted to duplicate this finding in newborn chicks using a simple rotating blue cube. No significant preference was found. Using objects similar to the ones used in the previous study (digital embryos), I observed a strong and robust preference for the fast- (not for the slow-) rotating object. To clarify whether the discrepancies with the previous study could be due to the stimuli frame-frequency used (the chicks’ visual system is characterized by high temporal resolution), I repeated the experiments by presenting the stimuli with a lower-frame frequency (from 120 fps to 24 fps). However, similar preferences for the fast-rotating objects were found, this time also for the rotating blue cube. These results suggest a preference for fast-rotating objects that is modulated by the shape and, in part, by the frame-frequency. It remains to be established whether the discrepancies between this study and the previous study can be explained by differences related to strains or artefacts due to the use of monitors with a low-refresh rate.
Effect of short-term high-temperatures on the growth, development and reproduction in the fruit fly, Bactrocera tau (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Huang Yuyu , Gu Xiangpeng , Peng Xiaoqin , Tao Mei , Chen Guohua , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: April 2020

Bactrocera tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an economically important invasive pest, that is capable of seriously reducing the quality and yield of vegetables and fruits, it was first recorded from Fujian province in 1849 and later introduced to Yunnan province in 1912 as a result in trade fruits and vegetables of China. In recent years, with the onset of global climate change and the accompanying increase in the greenhouse effect, elevated climatic temperatures have become one of the main environmental factors affecting growth and reproduction in insects, and the optimal developmental temperature of B. tau was found to be from 25 °C to 31 °C, the growth, development and reproduction of B. tau are normal under the optimal temperature conditions. In order to determine the repercussions that elevated temperature have on B. tau, we assessed the effects that short-term (12 h) high-temperature exposures (34 °C, 36 °C, 38 °C, 40 °C, 42 °C, 44 °C, 46 °C, and 48 °C) had on the growth, development and reproduction of B. tau at different developmental stages of the fly. The results showed that the survival rate of B. tau gradually decreased in all stages following exposure to short-term high-temperatures. The pupal stage was the least sensitive to increased temperatures. The pupae withstood the highest lethal temperature, having an LT50 of 42.060 °C, followed by female adults (40.447 °C), male adults (40.013 °C), and larvae (36.740 °C). The egg stage, which was the most susceptible to heat increases, had the lowest LT50 (38.310 °C). No significant effects were observed in the developmental stages of B. tau at temperatures from 24 °C to 38 °C. The development duration was significantly prolonged at 40 °C (P < 0.05) in the eggs (2.830d), larvae (7.330d), and pupae (8.170d) (P < 0.05). B. tau was unable to survive at temperatures above 42 °C. The pre-oviposition of female adults was extended, the average egg number per female showed a downward trend, the longevity of adults gradually shortened, and the ratio of female to male offspring increased as temperature increments were increased. In summary, short-term high-temperatures over 42 °C were not suitable for successful development of B. tau, while short-term high-temperatures over 40 °C were not suitable for successful reproduction in B. tau.
Efficacy of venous access placement at a pre-hospital scene in severe paediatric trauma patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ishihara Tadashi , Kondo Yutaka , Tanaka Hiroshi
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Aside from severe traumatic brain injury, uncontrolled bleeding and corresponding haemorrhage shock are the leading causes of traumatic deaths. No established recommendations exist about venous access placement for severely injured, bleeding children at a pre-hospital scene. This study sought to evaluate the association between pre-hospital venous access placement and mortality in a paediatric trauma population by analysing the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB). Methods: This epidemiologic study compared the outcomes of severe traumatic paediatric patients with or without venous access placement at a pre-hospital scene. Data were obtained from JTDB from 2004 to 2015. Results: Of 4,109 patients who met our inclusion criteria, 144 patients received venous access placement and 3,965 patients did not. The probability of survival was lower in the venous access group than in the no access group (0.90 [0.67–0.97] vs. 0.97 [0.90–0.99], p < 0.01). After multivariable logistic analysis, venous access placement did not improve survival to hospital discharge (odds ratio = 1.40, confidence interval = 0.32–6.15, p = 0.653). Conclusions: The probability of survival was lower in the venous access group than in the no access group. Survival outcome at discharge was not affected by venous access placement at a pre-hospital scene.
Selective host–guest chemistry, self-assembly and conformational preferences of m-xylene macrocycles probed by ion-mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry
Authors: Link Benjamin A. , Sindt Ammon J. , Shimizu Linda S. , Do Thanh D.
Published: April 2020

Ion-mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry successfully captures selective host–guest chemistry of m-xylene macrocycles; notably, a tetrahedral, dimeric Zn complex.
Surface chemistry of TiO2 connecting thermal catalysis and photocatalysis
Authors: Wu Longxia , Fu Cong , Huang Weixin
Published: April 2020

The surface chemistry of small molecules on TiO2 is reviewed with the aim to connect thermal catalysis and photocatalysis.
Simplifying levulinic acid conversion towards a sustainable biomass valorisation
Authors: Defilippi Chiara , Rodríguez-Padrón Daily , Luque Rafael , Giordano Cristina
Published: April 2020

In the range of biomass valorisation, hydroconversion of levulinic acid (one of the products of the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass) was tested for the first time using nanosized Ni3N and Ni0catalysts, with very promising results alongside high stability.
Nanoplasmon-enhanced drop-screen for high throughput single-cell nucleocytoplasmic miRNA profiling
Authors: Liu Jia , Sun Guoyun , Wei Shih-Chung , Guo Song , Lin Weikang Nicholas , Chen Chia-Hung
Published: April 2020

Nanoplasmon-enhanced drop screen is developed to measure single-cell multiple miRNAs with high sensitivity of 0.1 nM, addressing cell nucleocytoplasmic profile in a throughput ∼100 cells per minute.
Polytriazine porous networks for effective iodine capture
Authors: Feng Chenchen , Xu Guangjuan , Xie Wei , Zhang Shuran , Yao Chan , Xu Yanhong
Published: April 2020

Herein we present a rational strategy for the development of nitrogen-enriched conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) (TBTT-CMP@1, 2 and 3) via a BH coupling reaction under mild conditions, for the super absorption of iodine. TBTT-CMP@1 exhibited iodine capture amount up to 442 wt%.
Hydrophobic tail length in spin crossover active iron(ii) complexes predictably tunes T½ in solution and enables surface immobilisation
Authors: Sundaresan Sriram , Kitchen Jonathan A. , Brooker Sally
Published: April 2020

Linear correlation of the hydrophobic alkyl tail length R employed in [FeII(LH-OR)(NCBH3)2] with the spin crossover switching temperature is a very convenient method of predictably tuning the iron(ii) spin state.
Effect of co-sensitization of InSb quantum dots on enhancing the photoconversion efficiency of CdS based quantum dot sensitized solar cells
Authors: Archana T. , Vijayakumar K. , Subashini G. , Nirmala Grace A. , Arivanandhan M. , Jayavel R.
Published: April 2020

InSb co-sensitized QDSSCs showed relatively higher efficiency (4.94%) than CdS based QDSSCs (3.52%) due to improved light absorption with low recombination losses.
Strategy to design a smart photocleavable and pH sensitive chitosan based hydrogel through a novel crosslinker: a potential vehicle for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Nisar Safiya , Pandit Ashiq Hussain , Wang Li-Fang , Rattan Sunita
Published: April 2020

We report the synthesis of a novel photocleavable crosslinker and its joining with amine-based polysachharides, viz. chitosan, resulting in the formation of a dual stimuli-responsive hydrogel having UV- and pH-responsive sites.
A mitochondria-targeting NIR fluorescent potassium ion sensor: real-time investigation of the mitochondrial K+ regulation of apoptosis in situ
Authors: Song Guangjie , Jiang Di , Wang Lei , Ning Juewei , Sun Xiangzhong , Su Fengyu , Chen Meiwan , Tian Yanqing
Published: April 2020

TAC-Rh, as the first mitochondria-targeting NIR K+ sensor, was applied to explore mutual regulation between mitochondrial K+ and apoptosis.
Dynamic modulation of proximity-induced enzyme activity using supramolecular polymers
Authors: Magdalena Estirado Eva , Rosier Bas J. H. M. , de Greef Tom F. A. , Brunsveld Luc
Published: April 2020

Synthetic supramolecular polymers are used as dynamic nanoscaffolds for the activation of the apoptotic signalling enzyme caspase-9.
Incorporation of trivalent cations in NaX zeolite nanocrystals for the adsorption of O2 in the presence of CO2
Authors: Komaty Sarah , Daouli Ayoub , Badawi Michael , Anfray Clément , Zaarour Moussa , Valable Samuel , Mintova Svetlana
Published: April 2020

Competative adsorption of O2 and CO2 in FAU zeolites.
Elucidating the mechanism of the CO2 methanation reaction over Ni–Fe hydrotalcite-derived catalysts via surface-sensitive in situ XPS and NEXAFS
Authors: Giorgianni Gianfranco , Mebrahtu Chalachew , Schuster Manfred Erwin , Large Alexander Ian , Held Georg , Ferrer Pilar , Venturini Federica , Grinter David , Palkovits Regina , Perathoner Siglinda , Centi Gabriele , Abate Salvatore , Arrigo Rosa
Published: April 2020

In situ surface sensitive XPS and NEXAFS clarify the promotion effect of Fe in Ni–Fe/hydrotalcite-derived catalysts for the CO2 methanation reaction.
Molecular origins of bulk viscosity in liquid water
Authors: Yahya Ahmad , Tan Luoxi , Perticaroli Stefania , Mamontov Eugene , Pajerowski Daniel , Neuefeind Joerg , Ehlers Georg , Nickels Jonathan D.
Published: April 2020

The shear viscous response of water is closely associated with changes in network connectivity on the sub ps timescale. The bulk viscous response is shown here to be associated with local density fluctuations and rotational motion around 1–3 ps.
CO, NO, and SO adsorption on Ni nanoclusters: a DFT investigation
Authors: de Amorim Rairisson V. , Batista Krys E. A. , Nagurniak Glaucio R. , Orenha Renato P. , Parreira Renato L. T. , Piotrowski Maurício J.
Published: April 2020

From ourab initioinvestigation, we have improved the understanding of the interaction between Nickel nanoclusters and diatomic molecules, such as CO, NO, and SO, to provide insights into real subnano catalysts.
A 195Pt NMR study on zero-magnetic-field splitting and the phosphorescence properties in the excited triplet states of cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Akagi Soichiro , Fujii Sho , Kitamura Noboru
Published: April 2020

The strength of zero-magnetic-field splitting in the excited triplet states of metal complexes is reflected in the metal NMR chemical shifts.
One-pot synthesis of tin chalcogenide-reduced graphene oxide-carbon nanotube nanocomposite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Abbasnezhad Azam , Asgharzadeh Hamed , Ansari Hamedani Ali , Hayat Soytas Serap
Published: April 2020

In this study, a ternary tin chalcogenide (TC)–reduced graphene oxide (RGO)–carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite was synthesized as a lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode by a simple one-step protocol.
Development of a Cu(ii) doped boehmite based multifunctional sensor for detection and removal of Cr(vi) from wastewater and conversion of Cr(vi) into an energy harvesting source
Authors: Roy Shubham , Bardhan Souravi , Chanda Dipak Kr. , Ghosh Saheli , Mondal Dhananjoy , Roy Jhilik , Das Sukhen
Published: April 2020

A Cu-doped boehmite based multifunctional fluorescent sensor has been used for Cr(vi) detection and removal from wastewater, making it a high dielectric material.
Fluorometric detection of iodine by MIL-53(Al)-TDC
Authors: Díaz-Ramírez Mariana L. , Vargas Brenda , Raziel Álvarez J. , Landeros-Rivera Bruno , Rivera-Almazo Marcos , Ramos Carlos , Gabriel Flores J. , Morales Eriseth , Vargas Rubicelia , Garza Jorge , González-Zamora Eduardo , Martínez Ana , Solís-Ibarra Diego , Ibarra Ilich A.
Published: April 2020

Low concentrations of I2induce severe changes in the luminescence of MIL-53(Al)-TDC. These results postulate fluorescent MIL-53(Al)-TDC as an efficient I2detector (potentially for radioactive I2), using a simple fluorimetric test.
A bimetallic MOF@graphene oxide composite as an efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Xiao Yao , Guo Beibei , Zhang Jing , Hu Chun , Ma Ruguang , Wang Deyi , Wang Jiacheng
Published: April 2020

A bimetallic ZnCo-ZIF@graphene oxide (ZnCo-ZIF@GO) composite was synthesizedviaanin situgrowth strategy. As the air cathode of Zn–air batteries, ZnCo-ZIF@GO showed good charge/discharge performance and long-term stability.
Aqueous miscible organic layered double hydroxides as catalyst precursors for biodiesel synthesis
Authors: Chen Chunping , Greenwood Maxwell , Buffet Jean-Charles , O'Hare Dermot
Published: April 2020

Surface area and basicity density dependence of base-catalysed transesterification of sunflower oil by potassium salt prepared AMO-layered double hydroxides.
Ultrafast assembly of swordlike Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)n metal–organic framework crystals with exposed active metal sites
Authors: Ahmed Heba , Yang Xinci , Ehrnst Yemima , Jeorje Ninweh N. , Marqus Susan , Sherrell Peter C. , El Ghazaly Ahmed , Rosen Johanna , Rezk Amgad R. , Yeo Leslie Y.
Published: April 2020

A new acoustomicrofluidic method for synthesizing copper-based metal–organic frameworks is shown to yield novel large aspect ratio elongated crystal morphologies with high active metal site density on their surfaces, leading to enhanced conductivity.
Bonding–antibonding state transition induces multiple electron modulations toward oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhong Haixia , Chen Can , Cao Juexian , Yang Liwen , Wei Xiaolin
Published: April 2020

B doping induces the transformation from the bonding state to the antibonding state of an Ni–N bond, resulting in enhanced ORR activity.
One step microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of rGO–TiO2nanocomposites for enhanced electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Romeiro Fernanda C. , Silva Samuel C. , Nossol Edson , Lima Renata C.
Published: April 2020

rGO–TiO2nanocomposites exhibited greater electrocatalytic activity for H2O oxidation in neutral and alkaline medium as compared with pure TiO2.
Nanosphere-shaped ammonio methacrylate copolymers: converting a pharmaceutical inactive ingredient to efficient therapeutics for experimental colitis
Authors: Moulari Brice , Shetab Boushehri Maryam A. , Pais de Barros Jean-Paul , Faber Thilo , Béduneau Arnaud , Lagrost Laurent , Pellequer Yann , Lamprecht Alf
Published: April 2020

Even in the absence of any drug load, nanosphere-shaped ammonio methacrylate copolymers can mitigate murine experimental colitis.
A one-step-assembled three-dimensional network of silver/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanowires and its application in energy storage
Authors: Zhang Lin , Feng Gang
Published: April 2020

Through a first-ever one-step hydrothermal synthesis, a silver–PVP-nanowire three-dimensional network is fabricated for drastically enhancing thermal energy storage phase change materials.
High charge carrier mobility in solution processed one-dimensional lead halide perovskite single crystals and their application as photodetectors
Authors: Liu Tianjun , Tang Weidong , Luong Sally , Fenwick Oliver
Published: April 2020

Large space-charge limited mobility and a fast optical response is reported in low dimensional halide perovskite crystals. A transition between hopping transport and band-like transport is observed at 200 K.
High-efficiency perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes via decorating NiOx on the nanocrystal surface
Authors: Zheng Weilin , Wan Qun , Zhang Qinggang , Liu Mingming , Zhang Congyang , Wang Bo , Kong Long , Li Liang
Published: April 2020

The device fabricated by CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with NiOx decoration achieves high EQE (16.8%), and low turn-on voltage (2.8 V).
Supramolecular chemistry of carbon nano-onions
Authors: Bartkowski Michał , Giordani Silvia
Published: April 2020

An exhaustive and succinct minireview of the various reported approaches to the non-covalent surface modification of carbon nano-onions (CNOs).
Synthesis of large-area uniform Si2Te3 thin films for p-type electronic devices
Authors: Song Xuefen , Ke Yuxuan , Chen Xiaosong , Liu Jidong , Hao Qiaoyan , Wei Dacheng , Zhang Wenjing
Published: April 2020

Large area Si2Te3 thin films are prepared using CVD technique. The films thickness is controlled by the substrate temperature, which in turn regulates the film bandgap. Bottom-gate FETs demonstrate the p-type transport characteristics of Si2Te3.
Design-controlled synthesis of IrO2 sub-monolayers on Au nanoflowers: marrying plasmonic and electrocatalytic properties
Authors: de Freitas Isabel C. , Parreira Luanna S. , Barbosa Eduardo C. M. , Novaes Barbara A. , Mou Tong , Alves Tiago. V. , Quiroz Jhon , Wang Yi-Chi , Slater Thomas J. , Thomas Andrew , Wang Bin , Haigh Sarah J. , Camargo Pedro H. C.
Published: April 2020

Au–IrO2 nanostructures optimized for light harvesting with closely spaced plasmonic branches and catalytic surface area (ultra-thin IrO2 layers) were developed.
Self-assembly of strawberry-like organic–inorganic hybrid particle clusters with directionally distributed bimetal and facile transformation of the core and corona
Authors: Mei Shuxing , Pan Mingwang , Wang Juan , Zhang Xiaopeng , Song Shaofeng , Li Chao , Liu Gang
Published: April 2020

Controllable structure of organic–inorganic hybrid particle clusters were successfully fabricated by self-assembly which derived from the strong interaction between carboxyl groups of the organic particles and amino groups of the inorganic particles.
Rapid metal-free synthesis of pyridyl-functionalized conjugated microporous polymers for visible-light-driven water splitting
Authors: Cheng Zhonghua , Wang Lei , He Yan , Chen Xingjia , Wu Xiaojun , Xu Hangxun , Liao Yaozu , Zhu Meifang
Published: April 2020

A rapid metal-free synthetic approach was applied to synthesize pyridyl-functionalized conjugated microporous polymers (PCMPs) via an aminative cyclization between aryl aldehydes and ketones without any metal catalysts.
Turning natural δ-lactones to thermodynamically stable polymers with triggered recyclability
Authors: Cederholm Linnea , Olsén Peter , Hakkarainen Minna , Odelius Karin
Published: April 2020

Extending the use of natural δ-lactones in circular materials via a synthetic strategy yielding thermodynamically stable polyesters with triggered recyclability.
Using the dynamic behavior of macrocyclic monomers with a bis(hindered amino)disulfide linker for the preparation of end-functionalized polymers
Authors: Yokochi Hirogi , Takashima Rikito , Aoki Daisuke , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: April 2020

End-functionalized polymers were synthesized by simply heating a mixture of a macrocyclic compound with one bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)disulfide (BiTEMPS) moiety and bifunctional acyclic BiTEMPS compounds as sources of repeat units and terminal groups, respectively.
Atomic layer deposition of metal oxides for efficient perovskite single-junction and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Hossain Mohammad I. , Mohammad Adnan , Qarony Wayesh , Ilhom Saidjafarzoda , Shukla Deepa R. , Knipp Dietmar , Biyikli Necmi , Tsang Yuen Hong
Published: April 2020

The necessity of thin and highly doped metal oxide films is discussed for realizing efficient perovskite single and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.
The curious case of salicylidene-based fluoride sensors: chemosensors or chemodosimeters or none of them
Authors: Dey Sandeep Kumar , Janiak Christoph
Published: April 2020

Fluoride-ion induced hydrolysis of imine (CN) bonds has not been documented in the literature, in spite of the numerous salicylidene-based fluoride sensors studied over the years.
Minimization of Pt-electrocatalyst deactivation in CO2 reduction using a polymer electrolyte cell
Authors: Matsuda Shofu , Tamura Shigehisa , Yamanaka Shota , Niitsuma Yuuki , Sone Yoshitsugu , Umeda Minoru
Published: April 2020

An effective poisoning elimination method for CH4 production from CO2 reduction using a Pt/C electrocatalyst in a polymer electrolyte cell has been established by controlling the Pt–CO/Pt–H ratio and re-arranging the surface adsorption.
Constructing amidoxime-modified porous adsorbents with open architecture for cost-effective and efficient uranium extraction
Authors: Li Zhangnan , Meng Qinghao , Yang Yajie , Zou Xiaoqin , Yuan Ye , Zhu Guangshan
Published: April 2020

The dense structure of polymeric matrices exposes only 10–20% of adsorption (amidoxime) groups, thus detracting from the extraction efficiency of uranium from seawater.
One stone, three birds: one AIEgen with three colors for fast differentiation of three pathogens
Authors: Zhou Chengcheng , Jiang Meijuan , Du Jian , Bai Haotian , Shan Guogang , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Chau Joe H. C. , Zhang Jun , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Huang Peng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2020

A simple AIEgen with three emission colors achieves rapid identification of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
Spectroscopic investigations under whole-cell conditions provide new insight into the metal hydride chemistry of [FeFe]-hydrogenase
Authors: Mészáros Lívia S. , Ceccaldi Pierre , Lorenzi Marco , Redman Holly J. , Pfitzner Emanuel , Heberle Joachim , Senger Moritz , Stripp Sven T. , Berggren Gustav
Published: April 2020

The mechanism of hydrogen gas formation by [FeFe] hydrogenase is probed under whole cell conditions, revealing the formation of reactive metal hydride species under physiologically relevant conditions.
Perovskites march on: a themed collection
Authors: Yu Jihong
Published: April 2020

Perovskite-based materials enable solar cells with improved stability and flexibility, which are now considered as the most promising optoelectronic materials for future applications.
Effect of celecoxib in treatment of burn-induced hypermetabolism
Authors: Zhuang Shubo , Chai Jiake , Liu Lingying , Yin Huinan , Yu Yonghui
Published: April 2020

Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of prostanoid biosynthesis. Under pathologic conditions, COX-2 activity can produce reactive oxygen species and toxic prostaglandin metabolites that exacerbate injury and metabolic disturbance. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of Celecoxib (the inhibitor of COX-2) treatment on lipolysis in burn mice.

Methods: One hundred male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham group, burn group, celecoxib group, and burn with celecoxib group (25 mice in each group). Thirty percent total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness injury was made for mice to mimic burn injuries. Volume of oxygen uptake (VO2), volume of carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), energy expenditure (EE), COX-2 and uncoupled protein-1 (UCP-1) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were measured for different groups.

Results: Adipose tissue (AT) activation was associated with the augmentation of mitochondria biogenesis, and UCP-1 expression in isolated iBAT mitochondria. In addition, VO2, VCO2, EE, COX-2, and UCP-1 expression were significantly higher in burn group than in burn with celecoxib group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: BAT plays important roles in burn injury-induced hypermetabolism through its morphological changes and elevating the expression of UCP-1. Celecoxib could improve lipolysis after burn injury.