bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abuso sexual, crianças e adolescentes: reflexões para o psicólogo que trabalha no CREAS
Authors: Florentino Bruno Ricardo Bérgamo
Published: May 2014

O abuso sexual infanto-juvenil se configura como um problema mundial, histórico e marcado por inúmeras determinações, embora seu efetivo enfrentamento tornou-se preocupação das políticas públicas somente nas últimas décadas. O presente artigo, de natureza qualitativa, realizado a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, discute as principais perspectivas do psicólogo frente esta violência, delimitando os principais aspectos que norteiam o exercício do profissional que está inserido no Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS). Os resultados apontam que se trata de uma demanda complexa, por vezes contraditória, que requer a atuação interdisciplinar, intersetorial, centrada na família, livre de tabus, preconceitos e estereótipos.
Identidades narrativas: construindo sentidos na travessia da juventude
Authors: Iriart Mirela Figueiredo , Bastos Ana Cecília de Sousa
Published: May 2014

Baseado nas perspectivas semiótica e sistêmica e na abordagem dialógica do desenvolvimento humano, este estudo teve como objetivo compreender as configurações do self, ao longo de trajetórias desenvolvimentais de jovens, vivendo em condição de vulnerabilidade social. O self é entendido através da construção narrativa, como resultado da negociação de significados interpessoais e intrapessoais, dialogicamente, ao longo do tempo e do espaço. Três entrevistas narrativas com jovens, em diferentes contextos de formação (ONG, grupo de capoeira, Centro Sócio Educativo) na cidade de Salvador-BA foram selecionadas como casos exemplares. A partir de encontros com outros significativos e através da mobilidade das redes de significação, ao longo das transições desenvolvimentais, as narrativas dos jovens apontaram para possibilidades de ressignificação de eventos críticos e para a construção de novidade psicológica. Concluiu-se que através da experiência narrativa foi possível negociar as I-positions, reconfigurando o self dialogicamente e ampliando as perspectivas de futuro.
A noção de alteridade radical e sua importância na docência
Authors: Blum Vera Lúcia
Published: May 2014

Este artigo ensaia alguns passos na direção da dimensão ética do processo de ensinar e aprender, com a ajuda do pensamento de Emmanuel Lévinas. A noção de alteridade radical permite pensar o desejo de aprender como uma modalidade do desejo, que depende justamente daquilo que muitas vezes se busca suprimir: o contato, pelo discurso, com as coisas que se dão como excedente de sentido e que, por isso, são estranhas e inassimiláveis. Ideais de planejamento e cálculo do conteúdo a ser ensinado favorecem tal supressão. Assim, é possível suspeitar que esses ideais também respondem pelo enfraquecimento do desejo de aprender.
Linguagem e afetividade: a construção subjetiva da professora em suas narrativas
Authors: Borges Fabrícia Teixeira , Almeida Ana Rita Silva , Mozzer Geisa Nunes de Souza
Published: May 2014

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar como se constitui a subjetividade da professora das séries iniciais. Para isto apresentamos o papel da razão e da sensibilidade na constituição do sujeito subjetivo, a partir de Henri Wallon sobre a construção da afetividade humana e como se constitui a subjetividade da professora, do ponto de vista das narrativas de professoras. Dentre os resultados, observamos que a subjetividade da professora está entrelaçada com outros aspectos dos grupos sociais a que pertencem, como ser mãe e mulher, enfatizamos seus aspectos subjetivos envolvidos na linguagem e na afetividade.
Retórica de influência social e negociação, segundo poder/reconhecimento na sociedade
Authors: Souza Filho Edson Alves de
Published: May 2014

Estudamos o modo de negociar a pressão provocada por personagens considerados mais ou menos poderosos/reconhecidos na sociedade perante a identificação étnica do participante. Tratamos os fenômenos segundo as teorias de influência social ou retóricas de ação social. Trabalhamos com situações simuladas de pressão para recriar experiências possíveis de interação. Participaram 207 estudantes de ensino médio de escolas públicas estaduais, identificados como negros, brancos e morenos. Os resultados indicaram retóricas/ações como recusas, aceitação e não decisão às pressões. As retóricas/ações antecipadas foram de cordialidade, interesse próprio, hostilidade, interesse do outro. Os brancos tenderam a aceitar mais a pressão de personagens poderosos e os negros, em menor proporção, a recusar. Quanto aos personagens minoritários, houve aceitação da pressão nos grupos, indicando menor controvérsia. Discutimos os resultados nos marcos da dinâmica de relações entre grupos na sociedade.
Amor - Ódio: devastação na relação mãe e filha
Authors: Bonfim Flavia Gaze
Published: May 2014

Na postulação freudiana, amor e ódio marcam a relação da menina com a mãe em função do destino do falo na mulher. Lacan propõe que a mulher está não-toda submetida à lógica fálica e também nisto a devastação encontra seu terreno. Por esperar receber da figura materna mais do que esta é capaz de oferecer - ou seja, uma identificação de mulher - a reivindicação e o ressentimento podem se instalar. Assim, proponho discutir como as duas vertentes da inscrição na mulher - fálica e não-toda fálica - contribuem para devastação, bem como capturo um fragmento de caso visando articular teoria e clínica.
Inhibition of JNK Phosphorylation by a Novel Curcumin Analog Prevents High Glucose–Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes and the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pan Yong , Wang Yi , Zhao Yunjie , Peng Kesong , Li Weixin , Wang Yonggang , Zhang Jingjing , Zhou Shanshan , Liu Quan , Li Xiaokun , Cai Lu , Liang Guang
Published: May 2014

Hyperglycemia-induced inflammation and apoptosis have important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We recently found that a novel curcumin derivative, C66, is able to reduce the high glucose (HG)-induced inflammatory response. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy and its underlying mechanisms. Pretreatment with C66 significantly reduced HG-induced overexpression of inflammatory cytokines via inactivation of nuclear factor-κB in both H9c2 cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibition of Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation contributed to the protection of C66 from inflammation and cell apoptosis, which was validated by the use of SP600125 and dominant-negative JNK. The molecular docking and kinase activity assay confirmed direct binding of C66 to and inhibition of JNK. In mice with type 1 diabetes, the administration of C66 or SP600125 at 5 mg/kg significantly decreased the levels of plasma and cardiac tumor necrosis factor-α, accompanied by decreasing cardiac apoptosis, and, finally, improved histological abnormalities, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction without affecting hyperglycemia. Thus, this work demonstrated the therapeutic potential of the JNK-targeting compound C66 for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Importantly, we indicated a critical role of JNK in diabetic heart injury, and suggested that JNK inhibition may be a feasible strategy for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Plasma Advanced Glycation End Products Are Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Events in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Cohort Study With a Median Follow-up of 10 Years (EPIC-NL)
Authors: Hanssen Nordin M.J. , Beulens Joline W.J. , van Dieren Susan , Scheijen Jean L.J.M. , van der A Daphne L. , Spijkerman Annemieke M.W. , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Schalkwijk Casper G.
Published: May 2014

Experimental data suggest a role for advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, epidemiological evidence of an association between high plasma AGEs and increased cardiovascular risk remains inconclusive. Therefore, in a case-cohort study comprising 134 cardiovascular case subjects and a random subcohort of 218 individuals (including 65 cardiovascular case subjects), all with T2DM and nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in the Netherlands (EPIC-NL) study, plasma levels of protein-bound Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine, and pentosidine were measured with liquid chromatography. AGEs were loge-transformed, combined in a z-score, and the association with incident cardiovascular events was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard regression, adapted for case-cohort design (Prentice method). After multivariable adjustment (sex, age, cohort status, diabetes duration, total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio, smoking, systolic blood pressure, BMI, blood pressure–, cholesterol- and glucose-lowering treatment, prior cardiovascular events, and triglycerides), higher plasma AGE z-scores were associated with higher risk of incident cardiovascular events in individuals without prior cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 1.31 [95% CI: 1.06–1.61]). A similar trend was observed in individuals with prior cardiovascular events (1.37 [0.63–2.98]). In conclusion, high plasma AGEs were associated with incident cardiovascular events in individuals with T2DM. These results underline the potential importance of AGEs in development of CVD.
Computer-Based Interventions to Improve Self-management in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pal Kingshuk , Eastwood Sophie V. , Michie Susan , Farmer Andrew , Barnard Maria L. , Peacock Richard , Wood Bindie , Edwards Phil , Murray Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE

Structured patient education programs can reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications. However, people appear to have difficulties attending face-to-face education and alternatives are needed. This review looked at the impact of computer-based diabetes self-management interventions on health status, cardiovascular risk factors, and quality of life of adults with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We searched The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL for relevant trials from inception to November 2011. Reference lists from relevant published studies were screened and authors contacted for further information when required. Two authors independently extracted relevant data using standard data extraction templates.

RESULTS

Sixteen randomized controlled trials with 3,578 participants met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were delivered via clinics, the Internet, and mobile phones. Computer-based diabetes self-management interventions appear to have small benefits on glycemic control: the pooled effect on HbA1c was −0.2% (−2.3 mmol/mol [95% CI −0.4 to −0.1%]). A subgroup analysis on mobile phone–based interventions showed a larger effect: the pooled effect on HbA1c from three studies was −0.50% (−5.46 mmol/mol [95% CI −0.7 to −0.3%]). There was no evidence of improvement in depression, quality of life, blood pressure, serum lipids, or weight. There was no evidence of significant adverse effects.

CONCLUSIONS

Computer-based diabetes self-management interventions to manage type 2 diabetes appear to have a small beneficial effect on blood glucose control, and this effect was larger in the mobile phone subgroup. There was no evidence of benefit for other biological, cognitive, behavioral, or emotional outcomes.
Alkylphenol ethoxylates and alkylphenols – update information on occurrence, fate and toxicity in aquatic environment
Authors: Kovarova J. , Blahova J. , Divisova L. , Svobodova Z.
Published: May 2014

Alkylphenols and their precursors, alkylphenol etoxylates, are a group of manmade chemicals used mainly as surfactants in domestic and industrial applications worldwide. It has been well established that they have endocrine disruption activity, hepatotoxic, genotoxic and other negative effects on animal and human health. In spite of the effort to reduce their use, they persist in the environment not only in industrial but also in remote regions, and were detected in the variety of natural matrices including air, water, soil as well as food products, and human blood and urine worldwide. This article summarizes their occurrence, fate in natural conditions, and toxicity including mode of action. A subject of our concern was the aquatic environment as the most important reservoir and target of their deleterious impact.
Isotonic Saline Nasal Irrigation is an Effective Adjunctive Therapy to Intranasal Corticosteroid Spray in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Nguyen Shaun A. , Psaltis Alkis J. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: May 2014

Background

This study was designed to determine if the addition of large-volume, low–positive pressure nasal irrigations delivered with isotonic sodium chloride (hereinafter “saline”) added to intranasal corticosteroid therapy improves quality of life and objective measures of nasal breathing in patients with allergic rhinitis when compared with intranasal corticosteroid alone.

Methods

A prospective, unblinded, single-arm pilot study was performed of patients with allergic rhinitis already on intranasal corticosteroid pharmacotherapy. Patients added large-volume low-pressure saline irrigation twice daily for 8 weeks to their ongoing regiment of nasal corticosteroid. Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of life Questionnaire (mRQLQ) assessment and nasal peak inspiratory flow (NPIF) were performed at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks.

Results

A total of 40 patients were enrolled. Twice-daily nasal irrigation with isotonic saline significantly < 0.001) red d mRQLQ scores, from 36.7 ± 20.48 (baseline) to 14.9 ± 11.03 (4 weeks) to 10.10 ± 10.65 (8 weeks). No significant changes were seen in NPIF, pattern use of nasal steroid use, or adverse events.

Conclusion

Large-volume, low–positive pressure nasal irrigation with isotonic saline is an effective adjunctive therapy to improve quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis already on intranasal corticosteroid therapy. This study was a part of the clinical trial NCT01030146 registered at clinicaltrials.gov.
On Being “Advantageously Unsuited” for Dealing with Evil
Authors: Bitar Ray Paul
Published: May 2014

Abstract:

I investigate epistemic limits intrinsic to the analytic method of philosophizing used by Michael Rea (Analytic Theology) and Eleonore Stump (Wandering in Darkness). Rea claims analytic tools limited strictly to the purposes of theory building make analytic accounts “advantageously unsuited to deal with the reality of evil.” Rea's interpretation is conceptually distortive and problematic. I show how his use of the logical-practical distinction is unauthentic in dealing with the challenge of tragic evil and present a broad sketch of what I mean by “tragic.” I then elucidate how Rea abuses the epistemic limits of his method by misaiming analytic tools inasmuch as philosophical doubt cuts against any knowledge garnered in the epistemic practices of human beings experiencing evil. I lastly show that Rea's epistemic problems amplify in the theodicy defence of Stump, who uses an artificial construction of evil as suffering of “mentally fully functioning adults” shorn of any socio-historical location. While Stump's artifice of evil and epistemic doubt provides her the possibility for a general reason of moral sufficiency, she is unable to integrate the biblical narratives she expects will lend added epistemic assistance to her defence, so that her project ultimately founders by never really touching ground.
Tolérance de la fraude et évasion fiscale : une analyse expérimentale du modèle de Greenberg
Authors: Willinger Marc , Daures Nicolas , Ali Bchir Mohamed
Published: May 2014

Nous présentons dans cet article une évaluation expérimentale d’un mécanisme de prévention de la fraude fiscale proposé par Greenberg (1984 ). L’auteur soutient l’idée de la tolérance d’une partie de fraudeurs dans une population. Pour cela, il conçoit un mécanisme fondé sur une probabilité d’audit conditionnelle du comportement de fraude antérieur des agents. On observe que la répartition des sujets est différente de celle prédite par le modèle. L’écart est dû à l'existence d’une relation croissante entre la décision de fraude et le revenu. Cette relation n’est pas prise en compte par le modèle. Nos résultats suggèrent que le mécanisme de Greenberg est basé sur une hypothèse trop restrictive.
Rentabilités d'actifs et fluctuations économiques : une perspective d'équilibre général dynamique et stochastique
Authors: Matheron Julien , Beaubrun-Diant Kevin E.
Published: May 2014

Cette revue de la littérature présente les principaux outils et résultats de la recherche se situant à l’intersection de la finance et de la macroéconomie. L’ambition de cette littérature est de fournir une analyse conjointe du cycle économique et des fluctuations des prix d’actifs financiers. Cet article adopte cette perspective et propose une analyse critique des mécanismes de modélisation à prendre en considération dans un modèle DSGE, afin que celui-ci soit compatible avec les faits stylisés des rentabilités des actifs financiers sans pour autant sacrifier aux faits du cycle économique.
Les modèles DSGE au FMI : applications et développements récents
Authors: Laxton Douglas , Karam Philippe , Botman Dennis
Published: May 2014

Les chercheurs dans des institutions ayant pour responsabilité de formuler des politiques économiques ont déployé un effort significatif pour développer une nouvelle génération de modèles macro-économiques reposant sur des bases micro-économiques plus rigoureuses. L’article fournit une présentation résumée des applications de deux de ces modèles. Le Modèle Economique Global (Global Economy Model, GEM) est un modèle trimestriel qui comporte un grand assortiment des rigidités nominales et réelles qui permettent de générer des dynamiques réalistes à court terme. Comme ce modèle se repose sur le paradigme de l’agent représentatif, sa faiblesse principale est que sa structure théorique de base ne fournit pas une caractérisation très réaliste des effets de la politique fiscale. En revanche, le Modèle Fiscal Global (Global Fiscal Model, GFM), qui est un modèle annuel, adopte un cadre à générations imbriquées et a été conçu explicitement pour étudier les conséquences à plus long terme de politiques fiscales alternatives.
Les performances de l’Afrique sont-elles les conséquences de sa géographie ?
Authors: Collier Paul
Published: May 2014

Ce papier présente un état des lieux de la performance économique de l’Afrique depuis l’indépendance en des termes qui mettent l’accent sur l’importance du facteur géographique. La géographie physique et la géographie humaine de l’Afrique présentent des traits caractéristiques. La géographie physique montre non seulement de la spécificité, mais également de la diversité entre les pays. En comparaison de ce que l’on peut observer dans d’autres régions du monde, la part relativement élevée des pays à la fois pauvres en ressources et enclavés contribue à une perte de croissance de l’ordre d’un point de croissance du PIB régional. Du point de vue de la géographie humaine, la situation africaine est sans doute assez distinctive, mais en réalité assez peu différenciée entre les pays. Presque tous les pays africains ont en effet une population faible par le nombre et présente une forte diversité ethnique. Corollaire de la petitesse des États, l’application des politiques de réformes et la sécurité intérieure se sont avérés être des objectifs difficiles à réaliser.
Inégalités des chances sur le marché du travail : effets de l’origine sociale sur la mobilité professionnelle à Lima
Authors: Shady Gerardo David Rosas , Pasquier-Doumer Laure
Published: May 2014

La société péruvienne, caractérisée par une répartition très inégalitaire des revenus, est-elle également une société injuste au regard du critère d’égalité des chances ? L’article s’interroge sur le rôle de l’origine sociale sur la mobilité occupationnelle des individus au cours de 5 ans de carrière. En effet, différents travaux suggèrent que l’origine sociale n’a pas un effet forcement décroissant au cours du cycle de vie et qu’elle peut continuer à influencer le déroulement de la carrière professionnelle, même après qu’elle ait exercé une influence sur l’éducation et le premier emploi. L’article cherche à tester si l’origine sociale est déterminante dans l’évolution de la carrière, même après avoir contrôlé ses effets sur les étapes antérieures du cycle de vie.
Factores que influyen sobre la producción científica en Contabilidad en España: la opinión de los profesores universitarios de Contabilidad (II parte)
Authors: Escobar-Pérez Bernabé , García-Meca Emma , Larrán-Jorge Manuel
Published: May 2014

Este trabajo es la segunda parte del publicado en la REDC, 2013, nº 3, e015, siendo su objetivo analizar la opinión del profesorado universitario en Contabilidad sobre su producción científica y las causas que pueden explicar su diferencia con respecto a otras áreas afines. Para ello, realizamos una encuesta, cuyos resultados ponen de manifiesto que las causas que permiten explicar la diferencia de la producción científica en Contabilidad con otras áreas afines son muy diversas, pudiéndose destacar entre ellas la dificultad para delimitar la investigación en Contabilidad, la desmotivación por los rechazos sufridos y el esfuerzo no recompensado, así como la falta de incentivos a la investigación, el tiempo dedicado a la docencia y la falta de formación metodológica. Asimismo, hemos constatado que tanto la edad, como el tamaño de la universidad de pertenencia, la categoría profesional del profesor y la posesión de tramos de investigación influyen en su opinión sobre la producción científica contable en España.
Indicadores de actividad tecnológica por género en España a través del estudio de patentes europeas
Authors: Mauleón Elba , Bordons María
Published: May 2014

El interés por los indicadores de actividad tecnológica por género responde a la necesidad de conocer cuál es la contribución de las mujeres a la innovación y al desarrollo tecnológico, actividades que son esenciales para el desarrollo económico de los países y en las que las mujeres han estado tradicionalmente poco representadas. Este trabajo asume una aproximación “macro” y presenta indicadores de actividad tecnológica por género basados en el análisis de las patentes solicitadas por inventores españoles en la Oficina Europea de Patentes (EPO) en el periodo 1999-2007. Se identifican un total de 6.860 solicitudes de patente con todos sus inventores españoles, el 20% de las cuales presenta participación femenina. Se observan diferencias por género entre sectores institucionales, con una mayor actividad femenina en el sector público de investigación; y por campos tecnológicos, con una mayor presencia de las mujeres en el área de Química. Se explora la relación entre el sexo de los inventores, el sector institucional del solicitante y el campo tecnológico de la patente a través de un análisis de correspondencias. Se señala el interés de los indicadores de patentes desagregados por género para identificar situaciones de desequilibrio por género en la actividad tecnológica y apoyar la implementación de políticas orientadas a favorecer la integración de la mujer investigadora en el sistema de ciencia y tecnología.
Análisis de la colaboración entre las empresas biotecnológicas españolas con actividades de I+D y el sistema público de I+D
Authors: García-Carpintero Esther , Albert-Martínez Armando , Granadino Begoña , Plaza Luis M.
Published: May 2014

El desarrollo y la mejora de la cooperación entre el sector productivo y el sistema público de I+D puede generar un conjunto de ventajas competitivas para estas empresas. El presente trabajo describe las experiencias y percepciones de las empresas biotecnológicas españolas en su colaboración con el sistema público de I+D. Los resultados muestran que prácticamente la totalidad de empresas biotecnológicas españolas con actividades de I+D (un 93,6%) han mantenido algún tipo de colaboración con el sistema público de I+D. Los principales obstáculos percibidos por estas empresas en su colaboración con el sistema público de I+D son el exceso de burocracia y la respuesta lenta de los investigadores. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la conveniencia de establecer políticas y programas públicos para fomentar la transferencia de conocimiento y tecnología desde el sistema público de I+D a las empresas, fundamentalmente centrados en la necesidad de incentivar a los investigadores del sistema público de I+D y mejorar el funcionamiento de las Oficinas de Transferencia de Tecnología.
Risque climatique et réactivité des populations urbaines vulnérabilisées face à la montée des eaux de mer à Gonzagueville, Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Sadia Chérif
Published: May 2014

Du 24 au 26 août 2011, sans discontinuer, les eaux de la mer sont montées à des hauteurs supérieures à 2 m causant dégâts matériels et déplacement des populations dans le quartier littoral de Gonzagueville à Abidjan. La presse ivoirienne relèvera le caractère exclusif de ces événements. Or, ils sont liés aux changements environnementaux globaux qui exercent une pression supplémentaire sur la zone côtière des villes portuaires telles Abidjan. L’organisation socio-spatiale de la ville d’Abidjan met en évidence la vulnérabilité des populations pauvres de Gonzagueville qui occupent les parties littorales et se trouvent en première ligne au moment de marées hautes. Toutefois, leur capacité de réaction permet de trouver des solutions locales au phénomène subi. En vue de comprendre ce processus, des enquêtes informelles ont été menées auprès des sinistrés de la marée haute de Gonzagueville couplées d’une observation et d’une revue de la presse locale. À ce titre, le processus de résilience des victimes de Gonzagueville se décline en plusieurs phases suivies de l’expression de la générosité des autorités à leur égard. La spontanéité de cette forme de résilience conduit à une exposition récurrente au risque et se trouve aujourd’hui peu efficace face aux incertitudes dans l’évaluation des risques liés aux changements environnementaux. À cet effet, l’article propose plutôt la résilience préventive consistant en des mesures pour prévenir les risques encourus par les populations abidjanaises.
Marchés institutionnels et soutien à l’agriculture familiale au Brésil : étude de cas de producteurs insérés dans le programme d’alimentation scolaire
Authors: Retière Morgane , Castro Terena Peres de , Marques Paulo Eduardo Moruzzi , Lucas Ademir de
Published: May 2014

Au Brésil, les récentes avancées du Programme national d’alimentation scolaire (PNAE), qui articule soutien à l’agriculture familiale et sécurité alimentaire des populations précaires, vont dans le sens d’une relocalisation des circuits alimentaires. L’objectif de ce travail est de comprendre comment l’insertion d’un collectif de producteurs dans différentes formes de circuits courts, et notamment via ces politiques publiques de restauration collective, a permis de consolider un système agricole innovant, tant au point de vue productif, qu’en termes d’occupation du sol périurbain, d’entretien du paysage et des ressources naturelles, d’organisation du travail et de valorisation sociale de l’activité agricole, en mobilisant notamment la multifonctionnalité de l’agriculture comme outil d’analyse.
New Developments in Quasigroup-Based Cryptography
Authors: Mileva Aleksandra
Published: May 2014

This chapter offers an overview of new developments in quasigroup-based cryptography, especially of new defined quasigroup-based block ciphers and stream ciphers, hash functions and message authentication codes, PRNGs, public key cryptosystems, etc. Special attention is given to Multivariate Quadratic Quasigroups (MQQs) and MQQ public key schemes, because of their potential to become one of the most efficient pubic key algorithms today. There are also directions of using MQQs for building Zero knowledge ID-based identification schemes. Recent research activities show that some existing non-quasigroup block ciphers or their building blocks can be represented by quasigroup string transformations. There is a method for generating optimal 4x4 S-boxes by quasigroups of order 4, by which a more optimized hardware implementation of the given S-box can be obtained. Even some block ciphers' modes of operations can be represented by quasigroup string transformations, which leads to finding weaknesses in the interchanged use of these modes.
Broadband NG-PON Networks and Their Designing Using the HPON Network Configurator
Authors: Róka Rastislav
Published: May 2014

With the emerging applications and needs of ever increasing bandwidth, it is anticipated that the Next-Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON) with much higher bandwidth is a natural path forward to satisfy these demands and for network operators to develop valuable access networks. NG-PON systems present optical access infrastructures to support various applications of many service providers. Therefore, some general requirements for NG-PON networks are characterized and specified. Hybrid Passive Optical Networks (HPON) present a necessary phase of the future transition between PON classes with TDM or WDM multiplexing techniques utilized on the optical transmission medium – the optical fiber. Therefore, some specific requirements for HPON networks are characterized and presented. For developing hybrid passive optical networks, there exist various architectures and directions. They are also specified with emphasis on their basic characteristics and distinctions. Finally, the HPON network configurator as the interactive software tool is introduced in this chapter. Its main aim is helping users, professional workers, network operators and system analysts to design, configure, analyze, and compare various variations of possible hybrid passive optical networks. Some of the executed analysis is presented in detail.
High-resolution large-eddy simulations of stably stratified flows: application to subkilometer-scale turbulence in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere
Authors: Paoli R. , Thouron O. , Escobar J. , Picot J. , Cariolle D.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Large-eddy simulations of stably stratified flows are carried out and analyzed using the mesoscale atmospheric model Méso-NH for applications to kilometer- and subkilometer-scale turbulence in the in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere. Different levels of turbulence are generated using a large-scale stochastic forcing technique that was especially devised to treat atmospheric stratified flows. The study focuses on the analysis of turbulence statistics, including mean quantities and energy spectra, as well as on a detailed description of flow topology. The impact of resolution is also discussed by decreasing the grid spacing to 2 m and increasing the number of grid points to 8 × 109. Because of atmospheric stratification, turbulence is substantially anisotropic, and large elongated structures form in the horizontal directions, in accordance with theoretical analysis and spectral, direct numerical simulations of stably stratified flows. It is also found that the inertial range of horizontal kinetic energy spectrum, generally observed at scales larger than a few kilometers, is prolonged into the subkilometric range, down to the Ozmidov scales that obey isotropic Kolmogorov turbulence. This study shows the capability of atmospheric models like Méso-NH to represent the turbulence at subkilometer scales.
Biases in modeled surface snow BC mixing ratios in prescribed aerosol climate model runs
Authors: Doherty S. J. , Bitz C. M. , Flanner M. G.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. A series of recent studies have used prescribed aerosol deposition flux fields in climate model runs to assess forcing by black carbon in snow. In these studies, the prescribed mass deposition flux of BC to surface snow is decoupled from the mass deposition flux of snow water to the surface. Here we use a series of offline calculations to show that this approach results, on average, in a~factor of about 1.5–2.5 high bias in annual-mean surface snow BC mixing ratios in three key regions for snow albedo forcing by BC: Greenland, Eurasia and North America. These biases will propagate directly to positive biases in snow and surface albedo reduction by BC. The bias is shown to be due to coupling snowfall that varies on meteorological timescales (daily or shorter) with prescribed BC mass deposition fluxes that are more temporally and spatially smooth. The result is physically non-realistic mixing ratios of BC in surface snow. We suggest that an alternative approach would be to prescribe BC mass mixing ratios in snowfall, rather than BC mass fluxes, and we show that this produces more physically realistic BC mixing ratios in snowfall and in the surface snow layer.
Non-invasive imaging methods applied to neo- and paleo-ontological cephalopod research
Authors: Hoffmann R. , Schultz J. A. , Schellhorn R. , Rybacki E. , Keupp H. , Gerden S. R. , Lemanis R. , Zachow S.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Several non-invasive methods are common practice in natural sciences today. Here we present how they can be applied and contribute to current topics in cephalopod (paleo-) biology. Different methods will be compared in terms of time necessary to acquire the data, amount of data, accuracy/resolution, minimum/maximum size of objects that can be studied, the degree of post-processing needed and availability. The main application of the methods is seen in morphometry and volumetry of cephalopod shells. In particular we present a method for precise buoyancy calculation. Therefore, cephalopod shells were scanned together with different reference bodies, an approach developed in medical sciences. It is necessary to know the volume of the reference bodies, which should have similar absorption properties like the object of interest. Exact volumes can be obtained from surface scanning. Depending on the dimensions of the study object different computed tomography techniques were applied.
A new stream and nested catchment framework for Australia
Authors: Stein J. L. , Hutchinson M. F. , Stein J. A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Nationally framed assessment and planning assists coordination of resource management activities across jurisdictional boundaries and provides context for assessing the cumulative effects of impacts that can be underestimated by local or regional studies. However, there have been significant shortcomings in the existing spatial frameworks supporting national assessment and planning for Australia's rivers and streams. We describe the development of a new national stream and nested catchment framework for Australia that includes a fully connected and directed stream network and a nested catchment hierarchy derived using a modified Pfafstetter scheme. The directed stream network with associated catchment boundaries and Pfafstetter coding respect all distributary junctions and topographically driven surface flow pathways, including those in the areas of low relief and internal drainage that make up over half of the Australian continent. The Pfafstetter coding facilitates multi-scale analyses and easy tracing and query of upstream/downstream attributes and tributary/main stem relationships. Accompanying the spatial layers are 13 lookup tables containing nearly 400 attributes describing the natural and anthropogenic environment of each of the 1.4 M stream segments at multiple spatial scales (segment, sub-catchment and catchment). The database supplies key spatial layers to support national water information and accounting needs and assists a wide range of research, planning and assessment tasks at regional and continental scales. These include the delineation of reporting units for the Australian Water Resources Assessment, the development of an ecohydrological environment classification for Australian streams and the identification of high conservation value aquatic ecosystems for northern Australia.
Evaluating quality of data collected by volunteers for first level inspection of hydraulic structures in mountain catchments
Authors: Cortes Arevalo V. J. , Charrière M. , Bossi G. , Frigerio S. , Schenato L. , Bogaard T. , Bianchizza C. , Pasuto A. , Sterlacchini S.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Volunteers have been trained to perform first level inspections of hydraulic structures within campaigns promoted by Civil Protection of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). Two inspection forms and a learning session were prepared to standardize data collection on the functional status of bridges and check dams. Six structures were inspected by technicians and volunteers. Some participants carried out the inspection without attending the learning session. Thus, we used the mode of technicians in the learning group to distinguish different accuracy levels between volunteers and technicians. Quality of collected data was assessed by their accuracy, precision and completeness. We assigned ordinal scores to the ratings scales in the form for getting indication of the structure status. We also considered performance and feedback of participants to identify corrective actions in survey procedures. Results showed that volunteers could carry out inspections with comparable performance to technicians but with a given range in precision. However, indication of completeness per parameter (ratio Question/Parameter) is still needed for the later examination of inspections, anytime volunteers use unspecified options. Then, volunteers' ratings could be considered as preliminary assessment without replacing other procedures. Future research should consider advantages of mobile applications for the quality of data collected with volunteers.
Assessing residential buildings value in Spain for risk analyses. Application to the landslide hazard in the Autonomous Community of Valencia
Authors: Cantarino I. , Torrijo F. J. , Palencia S. , Gielen E.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. This paper proposes a method of valuing the stock of residential buildings in Spain as the first step in assessing possible damage caused to them by natural hazards. For the purposes of the study we had access to the SIOSE (the Spanish Land Use and Cover Information System), a high-resolution land-use model, as well as to a report on the financial valuations of this type of buildings throughout Spain. Using dasymetric disaggregation processes and GIS techniques we developed a geolocalized method of obtaining this information, which was the exposure variable in the general risk assessment formula. If hazard maps and risk assessment methods – the other variables – are available, the risk value can easily be obtained. An example of its application is given in a case study that assesses the risk of a landslide in the entire 23 200 km2 of the Valencia Autonomous Community (NUT2), the results of which are analyzed by municipal areas (LAU2) for the years 2005 and 2009.
Un diverticule géant para urétéral chez l’enfant révélé par une masse pelvienne
Authors: Kassogué Amadou , Diarra Alkadri , Benzekri Younes , Doumbia Aliou , Bouabdallah Youssef , Traoré Zacharia , Tizniti Siham , Mellas Soufiane , Tazi Mohammed Fald , El Ammari Jalal Eddine , Khallouk Abdelhak , El Fassi Mohammed Jamal , Farih My Hassan
Published: May 2014

Nous rapportons un cas de diverticule géant para-urétéral chez un enfant de 18 mois, du point de vue des aspects cliniques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. Aucune anomalie associée n’a été relevée. Le patient était un enfant de sexe masculin, et la symptomatologie était dominée par la rétention aiguë d’urine et la présence d’une infection urinaire. La chirurgie a consisté en une diverticulectomie laparoscopique avec réimplantation urétéro-vésicale. L’évolution a été favorable avec disparition des signes urinaires.
Uma identidade mascarada: a quebra de fronteiras realidade/ficção na obra Em Liberdade, de Silviano Santiago
Authors: Fernandes Roberto
Published: May 2014

Este trabalho é uma reflexão sobre a obra Em Liberdade de Silviano Santiago e suas implicações frente o processo de construção da identidade em um cenário de pós-modernidade, que questiona o centro e a tradição literária, colocando a identidade dentro de um processo contraditório, mascarado e, por vezes, inconsciente, a partir do conflito entre realidade e ficção, prisão e liberdade, vida e arte.
Évaluation et analyse du potentiel commercial dans la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale (CEMAC)
Authors: Avom Désiré , Mignamissi Dieudonné
Published: May 2014

L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer et d’analyser le potentiel commercial des pays de la CEMAC selon l’approche de l’intégration économique par le marché. Pour y parvenir, nous adoptons une démarche en plusieurs étapes. Après une analyse des faits stylisés, un modèle de gravité est appliqué et estimé selon plusieurs variantes pour évaluer les déterminants des échanges commerciaux. Les résultats obtenus sont ensuite utilisés pour le calcul du potentiel commercial communautaire. Nous parvenons aux principaux résultats suivants : (i) les faits stylisés montrent que les pays de la CEMAC sont faiblement intégrés commercialement, extravertis et hétérogènes; (ii) les coefficients des variables traditionnelles du modèle de gravité sont globalement de signes attendus; (iii) le faible niveau de revenu par habitant et surtout la faible diversification productive réduisent fortement le potentiel commercial dans la sous-région; (iv) des épisodes de création d’échanges, quoiqu’à un niveau faible, apparaissent, notamment dans les flux bilatéraux du Cameroun avec les autres États membres.
A modeling study of the processes of surface salinity seasonal cycle in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Akhil V. P. , Durand Fabien , Lengaigne Matthieu , Vialard Jérôme , Keerthi M. G. , Gopalakrishna V. V. , Deltel Charles , Papa Fabrice , de Boyer Montégut Clément
Published: May 2014

In response to the Indian Monsoon freshwater forcing, the Bay of Bengal exhibits a very strong seasonal cycle in sea surface salinity (SSS), especially near the mouths of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra and along the east coast of India. In this paper, we use an eddy‐permitting (∼25 km resolution) regional ocean general circulation model simulation to quantify the processes responsible for this SSS seasonal cycle. Despite the absence of relaxation toward observations, the model reproduces the main features of the observed SSS seasonal cycle, with freshest water in the northeastern Bay, particularly during and after the monsoon. The model also displays an intense and shallow freshening signal in a narrow (∼100 km wide) strip that hugs the east coast of India, from September to January, in good agreement with high‐resolution measurements along two ships of opportunity lines. The mixed layer salt budget confirms that the strong freshening in the northern Bay during the monsoon results from the Ganges‐Brahmaputra river discharge and from precipitation over the ocean. From September onward, the East India Coastal Current transports this freshwater southward along the east coast of India, reaching the southern tip of India in November. The surface freshening results in an enhanced vertical salinity gradient that increases salinity of the surface layer by vertical processes. Our results reveal that the erosion of the freshwater tongue along the east coast of India is not driven by northward horizontal advection, but by vertical processes that eventually overcome the freshening by southward advection and restore SSS to its premonsoon values. The salinity‐stratified barrier layer hence only acts as a “barrier” for vertical heat fluxes, but is associated with intense vertical salt fluxes in the Bay of Bengal.
Variation in the Kuroshio intrusion: Modeling and interpretation of observations collected around the Luzon Strait from July 2009 to March 2011
Authors: Yuan Yaochu , Tseng Yu‐Heng , Yang Chenghao , Liao Guanghong , Chow Chun Hoe , Liu Zenghong , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Chen Hong
Published: May 2014

This study analyzes the observed subtidal currents, 1/12° global HYCOM model results, and the observed time series to interpret seasonal and interannual patterns in the behavior of the Kuroshio intrusion around the Luzon Strait (LS). The observations include current measurements conducted at mooring station N2 (20°40.441′N, 120°38.324′E) from 7 July 2009 to 31 March 2011, surface geostrophic currents derived from the merged absolute dynamic topography, and the trajectory of an Argo float during the winter of 2010–2011. Results from mooring station N2 confirmed the seasonal changes in the Kuroshio intrusion and the variation of the Kuroshio intrusion during El Niño event from July 2009 to April 2010 and La Niña even from June 2010 to March 2011. The strongest Kuroshio intrusion occurs in the winter, with successively weaker currents in spring, autumn, and summer. Comparison of relative differences (Δmax (z)) in the maximum absolute value of monthly average zonal velocity components |Umax (z)| showed that the Kuroshio intrusion was stronger during the 2009–2010 winter (El Niño) than the 2010–2011 winter (La Niña). Furthermore, the relative differences (Δmax (z)) in deeper layers exceed those of the surface layer. Circulation patterns in surface geostrophic currents and the Argo float trajectory confirmed the results of mooring station N2. The Kuroshio intrusion velocity variation modeled using the 1/12° global HYCOM model resembled the observation on both seasonal to interannual scales. Modeled variation in the zonal mean velocity anomaly was also consistent with Niño3, Niño4, and North Equatorial Current (NEC) bifurcation latitude indices, indicating concurrent impacts of the ENSO influence. Monsoon winds strongly affect the seasonal variation while the weak upstream Kuroshio transport induced by El Niño, strongly affects the interannual variation, such as 2009–2010 winter. In 2010–2011 winter, the impact of winter monsoon forcing still exists in the LS. However, the stronger upstream Kuroshio transport during this period did not allow the Kuroshio to penetrate into the LS deeply. This explains why the 2009–2010 winter Kuroshio intrusion (El Niño event) was stronger than that of the 2010–2011 winter (La Niña event).
Connecting wind‐driven upwelling and offshore stratification to nearshore internal bores and oxygen variability
Authors: Walter Ryan K. , Woodson C. Brock , Leary Paul R. , Monismith Stephen G.
Published: May 2014

This study utilizes field observations in southern Monterey Bay, CA, to examine how regional‐scale upwelling and changing offshore (shelf) conditions influence nearshore internal bores. We show that the low‐frequency wind forcing (e.g., upwelling/relaxation time scales) modifies the offshore stratification and thermocline depth. This in turn alters the strength and structure of observed internal bores in the nearshore. An internal bore strength index is defined using the high‐pass filtered potential energy density anomaly in the nearshore. During weak upwelling favorable conditions and wind relaxations, the offshore thermocline deepens. In this case, both the amplitude of the offshore internal tide and the strength of the nearshore internal bores increase. In contrast, during strong upwelling conditions, the offshore thermocline shoals toward the surface, resulting in a decrease in the offshore internal tide amplitude. As a result, cold water accumulates in the nearshore (nearshore pooling), and the internal bore strength index decreases. Empirical orthogonal functions are utilized to support the claim that the bore events contribute to the majority of the variance in cross‐shelf exchange and transport in the nearshore. Observed individual bores can drive shock‐like drops in dissolved oxygen (DO) with rapid onset times, while extended upwelling periods with reduced bore activity produce longer duration, low DO events.