bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Target-Specific Properties of Thalamocortical Synapses onto Layer 4 of Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Kloc Michelle , Maffei Arianna
Published: November 2014

In primary sensory cortices, thalamocortical (TC) inputs can directly activate excitatory and inhibitory neurons.In vivoexperiments in the main input layer (L4) of primary visual cortex (V1) have shown that excitatory and inhibitory neurons have different tuning properties. The different functional properties may arise from distinct intrinsic properties of L4 neurons, but could also depend on cell type-specific properties of the synaptic inputs from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGN) onto L4 neurons. While anatomical studies identified LGN inputs onto both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in V1, their synaptic properties have not been investigated. Here we used an optogenetic approach to selectively activate LGN terminal fields in acute coronal slices containing V1, and recorded monosynaptic currents from excitatory and inhibitory neurons in L4. LGN afferents made monosynaptic connections with pyramidal (Pyr) and fast-spiking (FS) neurons. TC EPSCs on FS neurons were larger and showed steeper short-term depression in response to repetitive stimulation than those on Pyr neurons. LGN inputs onto Pyr and FS neurons also differed in postsynaptic receptor composition and organization of presynaptic release sites. Together, our results demonstrate that LGN input onto L4 neurons in mouse V1 have target-specific presynaptic and postsynaptic properties. Distinct mechanisms of activation of feedforward excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the main input layer of V1 are likely to endow neurons with different response properties to incoming visual stimuli.
Emerging Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in the Nervous System
Authors: Rajendran Lawrence , Bali Jitin , Barr Maureen M. , Court Felipe A. , Krämer-Albers Eva-Maria , Picou Frederic , Raposo Graça , van der Vos Kristan E. , van Niel Guillaume , Wang Juan , Breakefield Xandra O.
Published: November 2014

Information exchange executed by extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, is a newly described form of intercellular communication important in the development and physiology of neural systems. These vesicles can be released from cells, are packed with information including signaling proteins and both coding and regulatory RNAs, and can be taken up by target cells, thereby facilitating the transfer of multilevel information. Recent studies demonstrate their critical role in physiological processes, including nerve regeneration, synaptic function, and behavior. These vesicles also have a sinister role in the propagation of toxic amyloid proteins in neurodegenerative conditions, including prion diseases and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, in inducing neuroinflammation by exchange of information between the neurons and glia, as well as in aiding tumor progression in the brain by subversion of normal cells. This article provides a summary of topics covered in a symposium and is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the subject.
Gut Microbes and the Brain: Paradigm Shift in Neuroscience
Authors: Mayer Emeran A. , Knight Rob , Mazmanian Sarkis K. , Cryan John F. , Tillisch Kirsten
Published: November 2014

The discovery of the size and complexity of the human microbiome has resulted in an ongoing reevaluation of many concepts of health and disease, including diseases affecting the CNS. A growing body of preclinical literature has demonstrated bidirectional signaling between the brain and the gut microbiome, involving multiple neurocrine and endocrine signaling mechanisms. While psychological and physical stressors can affect the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, experimental changes to the gut microbiome can affect emotional behavior and related brain systems. These findings have resulted in speculation that alterations in the gut microbiome may play a pathophysiological role in human brain diseases, including autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, and chronic pain. Ongoing large-scale population-based studies of the gut microbiome and brain imaging studies looking at the effect of gut microbiome modulation on brain responses to emotion-related stimuli are seeking to validate these speculations. This article is a summary of emerging topics covered in a symposium and is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the subject.
Differentiating Intended Sensory Outcome from Underlying Motor Actions in the Human Brain
Authors: Krasovsky Ariel , Gilron Roee , Yeshurun Yehezkel , Mukamel Roy
Published: November 2014

To achieve a certain sensory outcome, multiple actions can be executed. For example, unlocking a door might require clockwise or counterclockwise key turns depending on regional norms. Using fMRI in healthy human subjects, we examined the neural networks that dissociate intended sensory outcome from underlying motor actions. Subjects controlled a figure on a computer screen by performing pen traces on an MR-compatible digital tablet. Our design allowed us to dissociate intended sensory outcome (moving the figure in a certain direction) from the underlying motor action (horizontal/vertical pen traces). Using multivoxel pattern analysis and a whole-brain searchlight strategy, we found that activity patterns in left (contralateral) motor and parietal cortex and also right (ipsilateral) motor cortex significantly discriminated direction of pen traces regardless of intended direction of figure movement. Conversely, activity patterns in right superior parietal lobule and premotor cortex, and also left frontopolar cortex, significantly discriminated intended direction of figure movement regardless of underlying direction of hand movement. Together, these results highlight the role of ipsilateral motor cortex in coding movement directions and point to a network of brain regions involved in high order representation of intended sensory outcome that is dissociated from specific motor plans.
Contrasting Modes and Tempos of Venom Expression Evolution in Two Snake Species
Authors: Margres Mark J , McGivern James J , Seavy Margaret , Wray Kenneth P , Facente Jack , Rokyta Darin R
Published: November 2014

Selection is predicted to drive diversification within species and lead to local adaptation, but understanding the mechanistic details underlying this process and thus the genetic basis of adaptive evolution requires the mapping of genotype to phenotype. Venom is complex and involves many genes, but the specialization of the venom gland toward toxin production allows specific transcripts to be correlated with specific toxic proteins, establishing a direct link from genotype to phenotype. To determine the extent of expression variation and identify the processes driving patterns of phenotypic diversity, we constructed genotype-phenotype maps and compared range-wide toxin-protein expression variation for two species of snake with nearly identical ranges: the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) and the eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius). We detected significant expression variation in C. adamanteus, identified the specific loci associated with population differentiation, and found that loci expressed at all levels contributed to this divergence. Contrary to expectations, we found no expression variation in M. fulvius, suggesting that M. fulvius populations are not locally adapted. Our results not only linked expression variation at specific loci to divergence in a polygenic, complex trait but also have extensive conservation and biomedical implications. C. adamanteus is currently a candidate for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act, and the loss of any major population would result in the irrevocable loss of a unique venom phenotype. The lack of variation in M. fulvius has significant biomedical application because our data will assist in the development of effective antivenom for this species.
Carbapenem resistance in non-fermentative bacterial species and in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from hospitalized patients in different health-care settings
Authors: Ionescu Mihaela Ileana , Neagoe Dan Stefan , Chiorean Claudia , Dumitras Loredana , Rus Aurelia
Published: November 2014

Aim. Carbapenem-resistant strains have been increasingly reported over the last few years. In this study  we used laboratory records to determine the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant strains from hospitalized patients with emphasis on the comparative analysis of the incidence in various health-care settings. Materials and methods. From January 2012 to November 2012 and from May 2013 to November 2013, we evaluated 566 strains (Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp.). All isolates were tested and analyzed according to their antibiotic resistance phenotypic pattern. Laboratory results were correlated with data regarding admission in different clinical wards.Results. Among 566 isolates, 191 carbapenem-resistant or carbapenem-intermediate strains (33.74%) were detected. Non-fermentative species were the most prevalent carbapenem-resistant organisms, 80.62% of 191 carbapenem-resistant or carbapenem-intermediate strains isolated were Acinetobacter spp., and 17.27% of 191 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Apart from that, only 4 (2.09%) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) strains were identified. We identified 59.30% of 172 strains isolated from patients hospitalized in anesthesia and intensive care units non-susceptible to carbapenems. The main mechanism associated with carbapenem resistance could be the production of carbapenemase in combination with impermeability.Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that infections with carbapenem-resistant strains are correlated with hospitalization in intensive care units. Our data showed a predominant carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. strain in intensive care units.
THE BIOGRAPHY OF DOCTOR CHARLES LAUGIER (1875- 1830)
Authors: Dinu Elena Steluţa
Published: November 2014

This paper presents the life  and works of the famous doctor, hygienist, folklore researcher and sanitary mentor, Charles Laugier, whose contribution to the development of the medical system of Oltenia marked the beginning of the 20th century. He is noted for his research in hygiene, in the treatment of some diseases like: tuberculosis, malaria, pellagra, and also as the founder of numerous societies which contributed to the cultural and scientific development of the region of Oltenia and even of its small localities.
Automorphisms of finite order of nilpotent groups II
Authors: Wehrfritz B.
Published: November 2014

Let G be a nilpotent group with finite abelian ranks (e.g. let G be a finitely generated nilpotent group) and suppose φ is an automorphism of G of finite order m. If γ and ψ denote the associated maps of G given by \documentclass{aastex}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{pifont}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{portland,xspace}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra}
\usepackage{bbm}
\pagestyle{empty}
\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}
\begin{document}
$$\gamma :g \mapsto g^{ - 1} \cdot g\phi and \psi :g \mapsto g \cdot g\phi \cdot g\phi ^2 \cdots \cdot \cdot g\phi ^{m - 1} for g \in G,$$
\end{document} then Gγ · kerγ and Gψ · ker ψ are both very large in that they contain subgroups of finite index in G.
Reflections on Change in Arts-based Research: The experience of two music therapists
Authors: Seabrook Deborah Melissa , Arnason Carolyn
Published: November 2014

The process of engaging in arts-based research is unique; it draws upon the creative essence of the researcher to work with artistic forms which carry intangible information that is perhaps unknowable by other means.  In this process, the researcher is engaged wholly; all faculties of the person are drawn into the artistic world.  This article explores the experiences of two music therapists conducting arts-based research studies, weaving together distinct narratives with common themes.  The reader is taken along the journey of two separate music therapy research projects: one whose participants are a group of music therapists, one whose participant is a child living with mental health challenges.  Thinking retrospectively, the researchers discuss links between their personal artistry and the arts-based research process, exploring issues such as trust, creativity, and the credibility of information carried in artistic media.  Visual art, musical excerpts and creative writing are included.  By exploring the professional and personal journeys as music therapists in the arts-based research process we highlight the strengths and challenges of this approach that shaped our studies and gave light to emergent understandings through the arts.
Hope and recognition: A Music Project among Youth in a Palestinian Refugee Camp
Authors: Storsve Vegard , Westbye Inger Anne , Ruud Even
Published: November 2014

The questions raised in this report concern to what extent a music project can strengthen a sense of self and identity, the experience of belonging to own traditions among Palestinian youth. Further, how it is possible to organize a music project that gives possibilities for musical learning and personal growth? And how can such a project afford new role models and responsibilities that may give hope for a better future?
Voices: Continuing the Celebration
Authors: Kenny Carolyn
Published: November 2014

Welcome to the March 1, 2010 issue of Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy! [...]there are so many other sections to explore – Discussions, Country of the Month, Fortnightly columns, and our newest section, Resources. There are many interviews.
Supportive Music and Imagery Method
Authors: Paik-Maier Sumi
Published: November 2014

The Supportive Music and Imagery Method is derived from the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (BMGIM). It uses one piece of pre-recorded music that is short and simple in all musical elements and non-classical music is often used.It aims at enhancing one’s ego by supporting one’s positive resource rather than exploring problems and issues. It is containing and highly structured compared to BMGIM and it focuses on the here-and-now.I will introduce how the SMI method is conducted by illustrating a few case examples supervised by me and conducted by graduates and trainees of the Music and Imagery training in Korea.
The Bonny Method: Training Innovations at Anna Maria College
Authors: Abbott Elaine Anne
Published: November 2014

In the 1970s, Helen Bonny developed the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music for use as a primary process of receptive music psychotherapy in long-term therapy. Training programs in the method traditionally taught it for use in this manner. Over the last two decades, however, modifications of the Bonny Method for use in short term therapy have inspired innovations in training. As a part of this movement, the Anna Maria College training program is innovative in three main areas: a) the music and imagery methods used to train students, b) the processes of personal development in which students are engaged, and c) the processes used for distance supervision and peer interaction.
Anatomy of a Musical Being: A Music Systems Theory of Music Therapy
Authors: Lauzon Paul J. L.
Published: November 2014

The goal of this essay is to work towards an answer to the question, ‘Why is music effective as therapy?’ The general features of the music state, as experienced in therapy, are outlined.  Through a step by step process the author integrates features common to all natural systems in coming to a music-centered answer to the question of effectiveness by outlining a new contribution to music therapy discourse, the Music Systems Theory.
Music Therapy with Young People in Schools: After the Black Saturday Fires
Authors: McFerran Katrina , Teggelove Kate
Published: November 2014

The Black Saturday bushfires of 2009 resulted in the largest loss of life as the consequence of a natural disaster recorded in Australian history.  The community music therapy project described in this paper took place in a secondary school affected by the fires six months later.  Three groups of young men and women participated in ten weeks of music therapy groups where they were empowered to choose the content and focus of sessions.  Each young person had been impacted in some way by the fires and this was expressed either through improvisations, song writing or song sharing, resulting in a sense of relief.  Although it was important that other group members understood the impact of the bushfires, the young people were more inclined to focus on positive opportunities for growth within the groups and appreciated the fun and freedom of sessions.  They described how "musicing" opened a door for new experiences, both musically and personally, where they were able to more confidently express themselves once group cohesion had been established.  The relevance of community music therapy theory is considered in light of the emphasis on coping by the young people and compared to the implications of adopting a trauma orientation in the context of a natural disaster.
Creating an Apprenticeship Music Therapy Model Through Arts-Based Research
Authors: Vaillancourt Guylaine
Published: November 2014

Newly graduated music therapists often feel isolated within their practices. They leave the university’s structured educational environment to be on their own. Some of them miss the time they were improvising together, supporting each other, and sharing their struggles and successes through classes and group supervision. This paper addresses some of these issues by proposing an apprenticeship model using arts-based research to support new music therapists entering the profession. This study reinforces the importance of mentoring apprentice music therapists to assure that the next generation will feel confident and well-prepared to enter into and develop the field. A group of five music therapy interns and I participated in a co-researcher group using phenomenological arts-based research (ABR) and participatory action research (PAR) in order to explore principles and foundations for a future apprenticeship model. The findings show that an immediate need of apprentice music therapists in their direct experiences and lifeworlds is to identify support for their work through meaningful, trusting relationships among peers and with mentors.
Expanding a Care Network for People with Dementia and their Carers Through Musicking: Participant Observation with “Singing for the Brain”
Authors: Hara Mariko
Published: November 2014

Music use in dementia care often takes place within a music therapy context, where music therapy sessions aim to reduce agitated behaviour, access emotions or enhance inter-personal communication. Such sessions usually take place within care homes and their effect has been evaluated by a number of studies. However, there is little research on music use that takes place outside of care homes (e.g. in community centres) for people with dementia who are cared for at home by their family. This paper discusses this type of music use, focusing on the meaning of weekly local music making activities in relation to every day dementia care. I use empirical data from a study of a community based music activity called "Singing for the Brain" (SFTB) run by the Alzheimer's Society in the UK. The data was collected through extensive participant observation research and interviews with organisers, carers and care receivers. The preliminary findings from the data analysis are discussed: how SFTB can be seen as a ecological practice; its various “spin-off’ effects in the everyday care of the members with dementia; how SFTB, together with other local music groups, constitute the music and care world in the town; and how this develops into fluid support networks to support local people with dementia and their carers.
The Effects of Music Listening with Play on Preference, Recognition of the Main Melody and Musical Creativity in Elementary School Students
Authors: Hwang Eunyoung
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a classical music listening program, namely music listening with plays, for elementary grade one students on music preference, recognition of the main melody, and musical creativity. The classical music listening program organized for this study employed various musical experiences such as singing, playing, composing and moving. The participants of this study were 61 elementary grade one students from Kyong-gi Province, Korea, who attended the classical music listening program after school. The students were divided into the two groups, experimental and control, which consisted of 31 and 30 students respectively. The experimental group participated in a music listening program with plays for 12 sessions, while the control group participated in a passive music listening program for 12 sessions. The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of preference and recognition of the main melody. Further, there was a significant difference in their musical creativity.
Arts-Based Practices in Regions Affected By War
Authors: Woodward Alpha M
Published: November 2014

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), cultural disintegration, political confusion and unresolved inter-ethnic conflict are just some of the hurdles that can face citizens in war affected areas.   After the Dayton Accord had been signed in 1995, international government and charity organizations and a variety of NGOs flooded into Bosnia and Herzegovina to help rebuild the infrastructure and to offer transitional economic and political support for the beleaguered, fragmented population.  Although arts-based activities, therapies and projects were also part of the international influx, this form of psychosocial intervention was piecemeal, somewhat random, and often unable to sustain a long term or systemic approach to the massive psychosocial needs of the people.  There appears to be little peer-reviewed fieldwork research to support claims of effectiveness of arts-based projects in post-conflict regions.  Therefore, considering the growing number of projects that use the creative arts as an intervention for trauma, conflict transformation and community building in war affected populations, the purpose of this paper is to search for, and critically examine, empirical arts-based research conducted in war affected areas and/or any population that may have been directly impacted by activities of armed conflict.
Reflection on the GIM Level I
Authors: Sato Yumiko
Published: November 2014

“When I close my eyes and listen to music, images come to me.  And they take me to a place where I feel open in a way I never felt before,” said Rick, dying from lung cancer at the age of 59. I never suggested or encouraged Rick to use imagery while listening to music, yet it seemed to come to him naturally and spontaneously.  During the course of music therapy that lasted nearly a year, Rick, who had kept his feelings inside throughout his life became a man whose heart was open to sharing his feelings.   To witness his transformation was humbling and mystifying at the same time. I thought to myself: How did music and imagery transform Rick? The answer came while attending The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery & Music (GIM) Level I training. During the four intense days filled with powerful imagery, vivid dreams, and new insights, I began to understand the power of music and imagery Rick experienced. All identifying information has been changed to protect patient confidentiality.
Sorry It Has Taken So Long: Continuing Feminist Dialogues in Music Therapy
Authors: Curtis Sandra
Published: November 2014

The impact of feminism – along with its understanding of the complex interactions in our lives of gender, race, class, sexual orientation, ability, and age – arrived late in music therapy. This paper reviews what feminist impact exists, explores possible challenges faced, and identifies the most recent endeavors in the area including the first International Conference on Gender, Health, and the Creative Arts Therapies and a gathering of feminist music therapy researchers, both hosted in Montreal, Canada in 2012. These issues will be explored further in the forthcoming special issue of the Arts in Psychotherapy dedicated to Gender, Health, and the Creative Arts Therapies edited by Dr. Sandra Curtis, with contributions from many significant experts in the field.  Members of the music therapy community are encouraged to examine the meaning of feminism and gender in their own context and to join in the important dialogue on gender in music therapy which holds great potential to enrich our theory, practice, and research.
Women With Addictions Report Reduced Anxiety After Group Music Therapy: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Gardstrom Susan C. , Diestelkamp Wiebke S.
Published: November 2014

Roughly six million females in the USA abuse or are addicted to alcohol. Women are more likely than men to report depression and anxiety as triggers for substance use and relapse, which emphasizes the importance of therapies designed to help women mitigate anxiety.Research supporting music therapy (MT) with women with addictions is scarce. In this quasi-experimental investigation, we hoped to learn: (1) What percentage of women with addictive disorders in a 45-minute group MT session will report pre-session anxiety?; and (2) of these, what percentage will report a palpable reduction in their post-session anxiety? We used a single group design: Participants self-reported anxiety before and after each session.Study participants were 53 women in a gender-specific residential program. Voluntary group MT sessions were held twice weekly for 9 weeks. Four MT methods were used: Composition, Receptive (Listening), Improvisation, and Re-Creative (Performing). Of 53 first-session surveys, 39 (73.6%) indicated pre-session anxiety. Of these, 33 (84.6%) showed a reduction in post-session anxiety. A sign test confirmed an overall reduction in anxiety.Outcomes may have been related to interventions, group cohesion, or other factors. The absence of a comparison group prevents suppositions of causality. Nonetheless, the results present a compelling case for the use of MT with women with anxiety. Because of the link between trauma and addictive disorders, we encourage exploration of the role and benefits of MT within trauma-informed models of addiction treatment.
-Heroines’ Journey- Emerging Story by Refugee Women during Group Analytic Music Therapy
Authors: Ahonen Heidi , Mongillo Desideri Antonietta
Published: November 2014

There has been some evidence of the benefits of participating in group analytic music therapy with traumatized people.  This pilot clinical project investigates the impact of a combination of narrative therapy and group analytic music therapy on refugee/newcomer women in Canada. An ongoing therapy group met for a period of 8 sessions, to share stories and feelings of past experiences and of resettlement. The focus of this group was emotional expression (verbal and musical). Musical listening, improvisation, art, writing, clay-work, and relaxation techniques were used. Several consistent themes re-emerged, including feelings around loneliness, fear guilt, and loss.The analysis of the therapy process showed many commonalities among these women and the process they were going through to deal with their feelings.
Music and Grief: Norway After 22 July, 2011
Authors: Skånland Marie Strand , Trondalen Gro
Published: November 2014

In 2011, a terror attack by one of its own citizens shocked Norway and led to deep mourning in the population. Music played a vital part in the way people processed this national tragedy. By looking at the collective and individual musicking that took place in response to the terror attack, this article explores the role and importance of music in this particular context,particularly with regard to its abilities to contain, give resonance to, and express difficult emotions; create feelings of community; and contribute to the individual’s self-care and work toward recovery and the achievement of well-being.
Premature Infants: Perspectives on NICU-MT Practice
Authors: Standley Jayne M
Published: November 2014

Music research began in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) over 25 years ago.  Initially, medical staff resisted the idea that music therapy could impact premature infant medical outcomes. Today NICU-MT is well known in the U.S. with over 300 specially trained Board Certified Music Therapists (MT-BCs), and it is evolving in international settings.  Over 50 research studies in refereed journals provide evidence-based methodology for NICU-MT and document important and unique infant benefits from music Quality of medical services is evaluated by benchmarks of benefit that are also economical and efficient. NICU-MT is underutilized and improves both  medical and developmental outcomes for infants while reducing medical costs. For these reasons, it is an important new benchmark of quality NICU care.  It behooves the profession to describe and promulgate specialized NICU-MT treatment techniques.  Because of the extreme fragility and unique needs of premature infants still undergoing fetal development, it is also timely that the music therapy profession begins to develop specialized training for clinical treatment in this area.     This article offers a perspective on NICU-MT by integrating music research with developmental theory, medical treatment, and MT clinical practice.  It also provides suggestions for development of the specialization of NICU-MT.
The Relevance of Disability Perspectives in Music Therapy Practice with Children and Young People who have Intellectual Disability
Authors: Rickson Daphne Joan
Published: November 2014

This paper considers the ways in which a disability studies orientation can be incorporated into music therapy approaches with children and young people who have intellectual disability. A broad overview of medical, social, cultural and affirmative models of disability precedes a vignette describing music therapists and young people with intellectual disability engaged in a music research project which was grounded in the affirmative approach.  The young people valued opportunities to be engaged in both music and research activities, and worked hard to express their views and to act upon them in the music context.  However several expressed relatively high levels of ambivalence regarding potential opportunities that were afforded to them in the wider community, highlighting the need for adults to carefully monitor the ‘activist’ stance in the context of individual experience. The significant potential for music therapists to engage in participatory approaches with children and young people with intellectual disability is highlighted.
Music Therapy and Autism: A View from Disability Studies
Authors: Straus Joseph
Published: November 2014

Music therapy has positioned itself squarely within the medical model of disability, arguing that many sorts of human variability should be understood as illnesses, diseases, or other sorts of pathological medical conditions, and offering music as a source of normalization, remediation, and therapy toward a possible cure.  But for many human conditions, including autism, cure is neither possible nor desirable.  Instead of seeking to normalize autistic people, music therapy might instead acknowledge their distinctive sorts of musical interests and attitudes and offer to enhance their indigenous culture in an atmosphere of mutual respect.  Instead of normalization and cure, music therapists might seek enhanced self-expression, knowledge, and pleasure through mutual music-making.
Dis/Abling Musicking: Reflections on a Disability Studies Perspective in Music Therapy.
Authors: Metell Maren
Published: November 2014

This theoretical paper aims to explore the role of a disability studies perspective in music therapy. Disability studies in context of music therapy is a field that is under development. I argue that a disability studies perspective both supports and challenges music therapy models, practice, and research. A disability studies perspective provides a theoretical framework for social justice and the appraisal of diversity, as well as it challenges attitudes and values. This paper suggests dialogues and collaboration between music therapy and disability studies.
"Music... to Cure or Disable:" Therapy for Whom?
Authors: Honisch Stefan
Published: November 2014

This article responds to two intertwined questions: :“What is the role of a Disability Studies perspective within music therapy?” And: “What is the role of music therapy from a Disability Studies perspective?” Exploring some of the congruities and tensions that have emerged in recent years between music therapy, and the burgeoning field of Disability Studies in Music (Lubet, 2004 & 2010; Straus, 2006 & 2011; Straus & Lerner, 2006), I argue that both Disability Studies in Music, and music therapy, can benefit from greater acknowledgement of music's capacity to constrain and enable the human body,in complicated ways. The approach taken in this  article imagines music therapy as a a reciprocal encounter in which diagnoses and intervention are replaced by a spirit of collaborative learning. The article pushes music therapy towards the idea of ability and disability as bodily performances (Sandahl & Auslander, 2005; Straus, 2011), rather than either exalted or pathological states of being, and suggests that in taking such a perspective as a point of departure, both music therapy and Disability Studies in Music will find new pathways between their respective theoretical and methodological environments.
Destabilizing Bodies, Destabilizing Disciplines: Practicing Liminality in Music Therapy
Authors: LaCom Cindy , Reed Rachel
Published: November 2014

Our project began with a consideration of how disability studies might enrich the practice of music therapy.  Originally, we were interested in how a greater awareness of disability issues might help music therapists, especially because of the often medicalized (and arguably pathologized) implications of the terms (“health” and “help”) which define their field and which frame the therapist/client relationship.  On these grounds, we argued that greater awareness of the cultural context for such implications might aid the therapist.  At the outset, it seemed straightforward enough.  But our own unstable embodiments kept disrupting our conversations.  The corporeal intransigencies of our bodies as we dealt with the symptoms of Crohn’s disease, autism and multiple sclerosis moved us beyond a critique of disciplinary purity which constructs each field as distinct to an analysis of privilege, power and passing that extends to multiple disciplines and pedagogical practices. In our paper, we raise questions about how the illusion of (st)able bodies can reinforce hierarchies (between therapist/client, teacher/student, helper/helped, ablebodied/disabled), especially when the person “in charge” does not have to disclose or discuss the instability of her own body.  Upon that privilege rests an array of power dynamics, and we believe that a purposeful contemplation of our own embodiment has to be more central to praxis, whether as therapists, scholars, teachers or professionals.  To do this, we must be aware not only of others’ but also of our own relationship to disability -- socially, culturally, and as a marker of identity and potential (in)access to power.
Integrating Music, Language and the Voice in Music Therapy
Authors: Loewy Joanne
Published: November 2014

Although there has been a fair amount of research and clinical practice related to neurological music therapy, speech production within a musical context and music psychotherapeutic voice work, we rarely find these practices intertwined. The following article provides history, rationale, definition of practice and theory that provides strong backing for the integration of the models and approaches currently available to music therapists.
Lullabies and Play songs: Theoretical Considerations for an Early Attachment Music Therapy Intervention through Parental Singing for Developmentally At-Risk Infants
Authors: Bargiel Marianne
Published: November 2014

Following an overview of the literature on the musical predispositions of the newborn and on the development of attachment, this article elaborates a theoretical rationale on which is proposed a model of early intervention with parental singing. The author first looks at the links between regulation of affect and attachment, also taking a look attachment pathologies and how they inform us about healthy attachment. Then, the functions of Infant-directed speech (langage parental), and also by extension, Infant-directed singing (chant parental) are looked at in terms of their developmental impacts over the baby's regulation of affect. The suggested music therapy program is presented as a clinical articulation of a usually natural behaviour within parent-child dyad. Considering the importance of early intervention in order to prevent the crystallisation of dysfunction or its contamination over the whole development of the young child, this intervention model aims at recreating, preferentially with the parent's participation, the favorable relational conditions for a resumption or a continuation of the developmental sequence for the baby whose attachment is at risk because of endogenous or environmental reasons.
From Signs to Symbols, from Symbols to Words
Authors: Erkkilä Jaakko
Published: November 2014

In this article the relationship between music and language is first considered theoretically. Here the ideas and concepts are mainly derived from psychoanalytical theory as well as from its reformulations. A theory on the (early) forms of thinking is presented in which the author grounds the different types of meaning included both in music and language - without forgetting the unique features of them. Upon this, the differences and similarities between music therapy and psychotherapy are considered. It is suggested that instead of many unique characteristics of the therapies, the differences are not necessarily fundamental, and further, both of them have some advantages and shortcomings that can be associated with language - some way or another. After the theory part, the role of free improvisation in the music psychotherapy is considered. The author describes the process "from signs to symbols, from symbols to words" where improvisation in music psychotherapy process can play an important role. Here the role of improvisation analysis is emphasized. A specific "graphic notation" method, developed at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, is presented. Through an example, based on the utilization of this method, the author illustrates what kind of meanings it is possible to "extract" by aid of it. Some suggestions for the clinical interpretations are also made.
Environmental Community Arts: Refinding Natural Connections. A Personal History
Authors: Faire Rosemary
Published: November 2014

In the spring of 1990, newly back in Australia from a stay in the U.S., I became involved in a community arts performance at Terrigal on the central coast. Called "Homage to the Environment", it was part of a series of such events that were being coordinated by a group of dedicated community artists every two years. While away, I had heard from friends about the 1988 Homage, and so I was eager to be part of this one.
Music Psychotherapy and Community Music Therapy: Questions and Considerations
Authors: Turry Alan
Published: November 2014

In his article on community music therapy, Aigen (2004) recognizes the challenges that can emerge when a new form of practice develops and he emphatically states that when these changes take place, "new ethical, self-reflexive, and conceptual signposts" (p 216) are needed. My purpose in writing this paper is to contribute to the development of these signposts by sharing a course of therapy that has stimulated relevant questions in this newly emerging area of work. This paper does not present definitive guidelines, but attempts to identify important considerations when a course of individual music therapy includes the public sharing of the content of therapy sessions in the community in a variety of forms.
Development of a Music Therapy Service in an Australian Public Rehabilitation Hospital
Authors: Tamplin Jeanette
Published: November 2014

It is often challenging to find information about the details and development of clinical music therapy programs in other parts of the world. This article addresses a gap in the literature by describing the evolution of a neurological rehabilitation program over the past two years in Melbourne, Australia. After providing some local details on the development of rehabilitation music therapy in this part of the world, a brief rationale is offered for the place of music therapy in clinical rehabilitation services. This is followed by a detailed description of the implementation, operation and evaluation of the music therapy program established at the Royal Talbot Rehabilitation Centre in 2004. Music therapy in adult neurological rehabilitation is still an emerging area of practice in Australia. Although the first music therapy service for adult rehabilitation was piloted and developed here over 13 years ago, few rehabilitation facilities currently employ music therapy as a standard part of rehabilitation service. Although research and practice of music therapy in rehabilitation internationally is relatively new, it has been practiced for around 20 to 30 years in the United Kingdom and the United States of America respectively. The scarcity of music therapy positions in rehabilitation facilities in Australia is possibly a reflection of the lack of understanding of music therapy on the part of funding bodies and the shortage of rigorous music therapy research in this field. The establishment of new music therapy positions in rehabilitation facilities reflects the development of music therapy in neurorehabilitation internationally in terms of research, clinical practice and publications.
Song and Self-Discovery: Touching the Pattern that Connects
Authors: Wersal Lisa
Published: November 2014

This essay is a personal account of the power of song in health recovery and self-discovery. It follows the author’s process of grappling with questions of where beauty lies and how to access it, and of the interplay and co-creation between artist, art, and perceiver. The author highlights music’s "resolving" qualities: helping one to resolve past issues and hurt, and to strengthen one’s resolve to heal. Told in an appreciative tone, this is a story of synergy and healing. Together, we sing our world into being.
Music Therapy Through Irish Eyes: A Student Therapist’s Experience of Irish Traditional Music
Authors: Armstrong Ruth
Published: November 2014

This article outlines my personal experience of Irish traditional music and considers how it can inform music therapy practice. The use of Irish music may be particularly meaningful for some clients and help them connect with their culture and identity. Music therapy can also draw on specific features; including the melodic, rhythmic and social aspects of the music. The melody is prominent in Irish traditional music, and its expression is very important. The word draíoght (meaning "spell" or "enchantment") is used to describe this expressivity. Music therapists can aspire to capture this quality in the music they create with their clients. Often the rhythm of dance tunes elicits a physical response, so these tunes could be used in movement activities. The relaxed and informal style of playing in sessions provides an atmosphere where the music can grow out of the interactions between players. An attempt to create a similar atmosphere may facilitate creativity and spontaneity in group work. While this article only presents a few ways in which Irish traditional music can influence music therapy practice, it is hoped that readers will be inspired to seek their own ways of relating Irish music to music therapy.
Infant-Directed Singing as a Vehicle for Regulation Rehearsal in the Medically Fragile Full-Term Infant
Authors: Shoemark Helen
Published: November 2014

A significant step in the full-term infant’s development is the achievement of self and mutual regulation. The invasive nature of care on the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit can undermine the medically fragile full- term infant’s efforts to control his experiences through regulation of stimuli. During active music therapy, the therapist provides a contingent relationship in which improvised infant-directed singing serves as a vehicle for rehearsal of self and mutual regulation.
Voices Welcomes Interviews
Authors: Stachyra Krzysztof
Published: November 2014

We would like to invite and encourage you to join the process of creating our common journal. Every of us can support the development of Voices by letting us know and interviewing people whose work inspires you and shows you the power of music and musictherapy.
Mathematical model and supporting algorithm to aid the sequencing and scheduling of mining with loading equipment allocation
Authors: Andrade Arthur , Santoro Miguel , Tomi Giorgio de
Published: November 2014

This paper focuses on the sequencing and scheduling problem of open pit mining, with the allocation of loading equipment considering a medium-term horizon. This study considers the existence of a heterogeneous loading equipment fleet and two types of mineable material, namely ore or waste rock. For the mining of ore, the following requirements are taken under consideration: the mixture quality, a crusher, the processing plant capacity and a stockpile, called ROM stockpile. In this context, we present a mathematical model in mixed integer linear programming, supported by an algorithm that is responsible for moving the time horizon at each model run, aiming to generate mining orders resolved with optimality. Together, these orders describe the loading equipment mining plan.
The effect of accumulation in 2D estimates in phosphatic ore
Authors: Marques Diego Machado , Rubio Ricardo Hundelshaussen , Costa João Felipe Coimbra Leite , Silva Evangelina Maria Apparicio da
Published: November 2014

The geological modeling of stratiform deposits can become very complex, often making use of geological envelopes of small thickness and requiring the use of subblocks (based on Cartesian coordinates) to produce a coherent block model. However, geological events after the formation of the deposit (folds, faults, etc.) can change the direction of spatial continuity of certain attributes, with the mixing of samples belonging to different formation eras (in the case of stratiform deposits) in the same elevation. This study presents a solution for deposits with stratigraphic grades combined with samples of different origins. The solution is a two-dimensional estimate obtained by accumulating the thicknesses of P2O5 in a phosphate deposit (as compared to traditional statistical analysis in three dimensions).
Logistic evaluation of an underground mine using simulation
Authors: Fioroni Marcelo Moretti , Santos Letícia Cristina Alves dos , Franzese Luiz Augusto G. , Seixas Josiane Cordeiro , Penna Bruno Salomão , Alkmim Gerson Mendes de
Published: November 2014

This paper describes a logistic study about an underground gold mine, belonging to AngloGold Ashanti, where four different layout options could be applied to the tunnels, and also different transportation strategies. Each evaluated layout had its own configuration for shaft and truck fleets. The study was made individually for each year of the mine operation life, determining the necessary transportation capacity to achieve the planned production for that year. Due to the very restrictive traffic options in the tunnels, a framework was developed to represent the tunnels and traffic rules in a discrete-event simulation model. The results pointed the scenario with the lowest necessary transportation capacity to achieve the planned production.