bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scale-bridging Microstructural Analysis – A Correlative Approach to Microstructure Quantification Combining Microscopic Images and EBSD Data
Authors: Müller M. , Britz D. , Mücklich F.
Published: July 2021

A comprehensive description of complex material structures may require characterization using different methods and observations across several scales. This work will present a correlative approach including light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, enabling microstructure quantification which combines microscopic images and electron backscatter diffraction data. The parameters obtained from electron backscatter diffraction such as misorientation parameters or grain and phase boundary data are an ideal source of information, complementing microscopic images. Two case studies performed on bainitic microstructures will be presented to demonstrate practical applications of this approach.
Betriebliche Mitbestimmung und Gesamtwirtschaft
Authors: Zimmermann Horst
Published: July 2021

In einer kurzen Replik ergänzt Horst Zimmermann den Survey von Claus Schnabel (2020) zur betrieblichen Mitbestimmung in dieser Zeitschrift um einen mit ihr verbundenen Aspekt der volkswirtschaftlichen Beurteilung: den sozialen Frieden.
Thermally stimulated artificial muscles: Bio-inspired approach to reduce thermal deformation of ball screws based on inner-embedded CFRP
Authors: Gao Xiangsheng , Zhang Kuan , Wang Min , Zan Tao , Luo Jiajun
Published: July 2021

Ball screws are the indispensable machine tool components and, as such, influence the positional accuracy of machine tools. The accuracy stability of machine tools is affected by thermal deformation of ball screws resulting from the increase in temperature. Inspired by the distinctive artificial muscle heat behavior, a bio-inspired ball screw was proposed. The proposed ball screw was based on the inner-embedded carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), which restrains the axial expansion through the thermal contraction of CFRP. Additionally, a thermal conductor was mounted between the screw shaft and CFRP to improve the thermal conduction condition. Furthermore, both the simulation analysis and comparative experiments were carried out to compare the bio-inspired ball screw with the standard one. Two working conditions were considered to evaluate the effectiveness of the novel design, primarily in terms of reducing thermal deformation. Both results show that the proposed approach is effective and can be applied to reduce the thermal deformation of ball screws.
Outcomes of repeat fineneedle aspiration biopsy for AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules
Authors: Bayona Ane , Benavent Patricia , Muriel Alfonso , Abuchaibe Cesar , Sharpe Susan C , Tarasova Valentina , McIver Bryan , Valderrabano Pablo
Published: July 2021

Objective

To determine the proportion of aspirates reclassified into each Bethesda category and to assess the rates of malignancy in each of them on repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy (RFNA) following an AUS/FLUS diagnosis.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis

Methods

On February 2019, Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, WoS, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published from January 1, 2007. All studies published in English describing RFNA outcomes in AUS/FLUS nodules were included. PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed. Five investigators independently assessed the eligibility of the studies. Two investigators extracted summary data and assessed the risk of bias. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The rate of malignancy was calculated on resected nodules only (upper limit of true value); and considering all unresected nodules were benign (lower limit of true value). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019123114).

Results

Of 2937 retrieved studies, 27 were eligible. The meta-analysis was conducted on summary data of 3932 AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules with RFNA. RFNA cytology would reclassify into categories I through VI of Bethesda: 4% (3%, 5%), 48% (43%, 54%), 26% (20%, 32%), 4% (3%, 6%), 5% (3%, 6%), and 2% (1%, 2%) of AUS/FLUS nodules. Malignancy rates of resected nodules were 24% (9%, 38%), 4% (1%, 7%), 40% (28%, 52%), 37% (27%, 47%), 79% (69%, 90%), and 99% (95%, 100%) for categories I through VI of Bethesda. There was high heterogeneity in these data.

Conclusions

RFNA reclassified two-thirds of the AUS/FLUS specimens into a more definitive cytological category, with a benign call rate of nearly 50% and a negative predictive value greater than 96%.
Practica del rap estilo libre en Argentina: antecedentes históricos
Authors: Biaggini Martin
Published: July 2021

La improvisación como subgénero de la práctica del rap ha ganado auge durante el siglo XXI logrando que muchos grupos de jóvenes se organizaran cooperativamente, por un lado, y que el mercado la incorpore apoyando con publicidades y organizando eventos a nivel internacional, por el otro. En el presente artículo analizo la apropiación de la práctica de improvisación o estilo libre (freestyle) realizada por raperos en Argentina y el surgimiento de batallas de improvisación organizadas en espacios públicos y autogestivas, desde una perspectiva histórica. Como recorte espacial y temporal voy a tomar la ciudad de Buenos Aires y su conurbano, desde la  llegada del rap hasta la actualidad, observando cuestiones sociales y estéticas bajo el enfoque de la Historia Oral. Para ello analizo la práctica de la improvisación a través de la clasificación temporal de tres generaciones planteadas desde la Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche: la vieja escuela, la primera generación, y los raperos 2.0.
Bad Bunny y Bach: Mitos e imaginarios culturales
Authors: Castillo Francisco
Published: July 2021

Este artículo explora la noción de mito e imaginario colectivo, según se manifiestan en las figuras de Bad  Bunny (1994-) y de Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750).  Bad Bunny ha sido identificado como el depositario  de un imaginario que sitúa al reggaetón en tanto género musical que marca la decadencia moral de la  cultura.  Bach, por el contrario, encabeza el canon de compositores que hacen de la música clásica un  paradigma de Arte musical culto y elaborado.  La reflexión sugiere que ambas representaciones son parte de  una mitología que esconde problemáticas complejas como discriminación de clase y hegemonías culturales  violentas.  Las conclusiones señalan la desmitificación de ambos músicos como una estrategia para, no solo  apreciar de manera más equilibrada su música, sino para atender problemáticas sociales, sin los fanatismos  que ambas comunidades musicales promueven en sus mitos.
Primeras palabras para el estudio performático del freestyle rap: la dimensión poética
Authors: Juárez Martínez Juan
Published: July 2021

Este artículo plantea un método de análisis multidisciplinario para el rap improvisado. En su primera parte se sugiere el estudio de cuatro dimensiones del freestyle rap: la dimensión poética, la lingüística, la musical y la del performance. Para enriquecer esta propuesta, en la segunda parte se presenta un estudio de caso: el análisis de la dimensión poética de un freestyle del rapero argentino Acru, así como un análisis de algunos aspectos desde la teoría oral-formulaica propuesta por Parry y Lord. Esto arrojará luz sobre algunas de las herramientas poéticas de las que hace uso el freestyler en el contexto inmediato de ejecución de su arte verbal.
Análisis de la Violencia de Género y su impacto en la Mujer Estudiante de Policía de la Escuela Carlos Eugenio Restrepo
Authors: Betancur Giraldo Héctor
Published: July 2021

Este artículo permite la comprensión del fenómeno de la Violencia de Género como problemática social existente en Colombia. A su vez, aborda la violencia de género ejercida contra la mujer estudiante de policía de la Escuela de Policía Carlos Eugenio Restrepo. En él se indagaron percepciones, conocimientos, posiciones y tipos de violencia de género que, en opinión de ellas, se presentaron en la descripción de algunos hechos dados en el proceso formativo. Esto, permitió el acercamiento con la presencia del fenómeno en los hallazgos obtenidos, formulándose sugerencias sobre políticas institucionales para enfrentarlo en la institución policial. Asimismo, fue un trabajo pensado en la construcción de relaciones de equidad y respeto por los Derechos Humanos de la mujer policía. Finalmente, se evidenció que las mujeres estudiantes reconocieron la existencia del fenómeno en la institución, su nivel de importancia, ámbitos más representativos, la identificación de los principales actores, manifestaciones y acciones violentas, los actos de discriminación y el conocimiento de las normas que las protegen en la institución policial y en la sociedad.
Citizen science, computing, and conservation: How can “Crowd AI” change the way we tackle large-scale ecological challenges?
Authors: Palmer Meredith S. , Huebner Sarah E. , Willi Marco , Fortson Lucy , Packer Craig
Published: July 2021

Camera traps - remote cameras that capture images of passing wildlife - have become a ubiquitous tool in ecology and conservation. Systematic camera trap surveys generate ‘Big Data’ across broad spatial and temporal scales, providing valuable information on environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting vulnerable wildlife populations. However, the sheer number of images amassed can quickly outpace researchers’ ability to manually extract data from these images (e.g., species identities, counts, and behaviors) in timeframes useful for making scientifically-guided conservation and management decisions. Here, we present ‘Snapshot Safari’ as a case study for merging citizen science and machine learning to rapidly generate highly accurate ecological Big Data from camera trap surveys. Snapshot Safari is a collaborative cross-continental research and conservation effort with 1500+ cameras deployed at over 40 eastern and southern Africa protected areas, generating millions of images per year. As one of the first and largest-scale camera trapping initiatives, Snapshot Safari spearheaded innovative developments in citizen science and machine learning. We highlight the advances made and discuss the issues that arose using each of these methods to annotate camera trap data. We end by describing how we combined human and machine classification methods (‘Crowd AI’) to create an efficient integrated data pipeline. Ultimately, by using a feedback loop in which humans validate machine learning predictions and machine learning algorithms are iteratively retrained on new human classifications, we can capitalize on the strengths of both methods of classification while mitigating the weaknesses. Using Crowd AI to quickly and accurately ‘unlock’ ecological Big Data for use in science and conservation is revolutionizing the way we take on critical environmental issues in the Anthropocene era.
Treatment effects of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent on the chemical composition of red pine (Pinus densiflora)
Authors: Kwon Gu-Joong , Yang Bong-Suk , Park Chan-Woo , Bandi Rajkumar , Lee Eun-Ah , Park Ji-Soo , Han Song-Yi , Kim Nam-Hun , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: July 2021

Effects of deep eutectic solvent (DES) treatment were determined for the chemical composition of the sapwood and heartwood of red pine (Pinus densiflora). Two DES systems were made from the mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) and two different hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), namely, lactic acid (LA) and glycerin (GLY), with different molar ratios (1:2, 1:6, and 1:10). The yield of the solid residue after DES treatment decreased with an increase in the HBD concentration and treatment time, indicating that the water-soluble fraction was increased. The amount of solid residue was lower in the DES with LA than in DES with GLY, and higher in sapwood than in heartwood during both DES treatments. There was no substantial change in the lignin content of the samples, each being 24.7 to 29.5 wt.%, based on the mass of the treated product. Similar to the yield of the solid residue, cellulose and hemicellulose content in the treated product decreased with an increase in the HBD concentration and treatment time, and it was higher in sapwood than in heartwood. The cellulose crystallinity exhibited a slight increase with increasing treatment time, but there was no difference among the treatments using different molar ratios and between sapwood and heartwood.
Динаміка показників координаційних здібностей баскетболістів груп початкової підготовки під впливом використання спеціально-підготовчих вправ
Authors: Горчанюк Юрій , Мерзлікін Максим , Ляхова Тамара
Published: July 2021

Мета: визначення ступеню впливу спеціально-підготовчих вправ на показники координаційних здібностей баскетболістів груп початкової підготовки.

Матеріал і методи: у дослідженні брали участь 40 спортсменів у віці 9 – 11 років, що навчаються в групах початкової підготовки другого року навчання ДЮСШ № 7 міста Харкова (контрольна група 20 спортсменів, експериментальна група 20 спортсменів). Для встановлення показників координаційної підготовленості юних баскетболістів використовувались стандартні тестові вправи, запропоновані Л.П. Сергієнко [13].

Результати: використовувалися у навчально–тренувальному процесі експериментальної групи спеціально-підготовчих вправ: різноманітні стрибки та акробатичні вправи, а також комплекси вправ на батуті. Дана методика позитивно вплинула на показники координаційних здібностей баскетболістів групи початкової підготовки, і між результатами до та після педагогічного експерименту було встановлено достовірні розбіжності (р<0,05).

Висновки: встановлено позитивну динаміку показників координаційних здібностей експериментальної групи після проведення педагогічного експерименту. Так, в тестуванні контролю оцінки і регуляції просторово-часових та динамічних параметрів рухів покращення результатів у відсотковому співвідношенні становило від 9% до 43%, в тестуванні оцінки відчуття часу приріст результатів коливався від 27% до 56%, поліпшення даних оцінки точності м’язових зусиль становило від 3% до 16%, динаміка показників контролю здібностей орієнтування у просторі склала від 7% до 43%, результати контролю стійкості статичної та динамічної рівноваги після педагогічного експерименту покращились з 14% до 18%, показники відчуття ритму змінились на 7%, показники контролю здатності до довільного розслаблення м’язів покращились на 3%, результати контролю координованості рухів було збільшено на 31% (р>0,05).

Ключові слова: спортсмени-баскетболісти, координаційні здібності, спеціально підібрані комплекси акробатичних вправ, вправи на батуті.
Дослідження ефективності використання додаткового обладнання у підготовчому періоді річного макроциклу спортсменів-пауерліфтерів високої кваліфікації
Authors: Семко Богдан , Воронецький Вадим , Джим Віктор
Published: July 2021

Мета: дослідити вплив застосування додаткового обладнання, а саме гумових еспандерів, на розвиток силових показників пауерліфтерів високої кваліфікації.

Матеріал і методи: до дослідження було залучено 20 пауерліфтерів високої кваліфікації.

Результати: встановлено, що використання додаткового обладнання в пауерліфтингу сприяє більш ефективному розвитку силових якостей спортсменів, а, отже, веде до зростання спортивних результатів у присіданні, жимі лежачи та тязі. Використання додаткового обладнання дає можливість виконувати вправи з використанням гумових еспандерів. Гумові еспандери фіксуються в силовій рамі зверху, після чого розтягуються та кріпляться до штанги, за рахунок розтягнення еспандерів спортсмен має можливість полегшити підйом в нижній точці. Допомога еспандерів в нижній точці найбільша, а в верхній точці відсутня. Дані вправи рекомендовано атлетам високої кваліфікації, при їх використанні необхідно чітко слідкувати за технікою виконання вправ, тому що в останніх фазах вправ спостерігається м’язова втома і техніка виконання вправи часто порушується. Спортсмени експериментальної групи використовували вправи з гумовим еспандером у підготовчий період з розвитку силових якостей у змагальних вправах: присідання зі штангою, жимі лежачи, тязі. За період підготовки виконали 768 підйомів штанги в присіданнях, що дорівнює 169 тисяч кілограм, 1020 підйомів штанги в жимі лежачи, що дорівнює 141 тисяч кілограм, 720 підйомів у тязі, що дорівнює 165 тисяч кілограм. За період дослідження контрольна й експериментальна групи збільшили показники: у присіданнях зі штангою (контрольна – 10 кг, експериментальна – 15 кг; t =2,82; Р <0,05); жимі лежачи (відповідно – 5 кг, 10 кг; t = 1,81; Р >0,05); станова тяга (відповідно – 5 кг, 15 кг; t = 1,63 Р>0,05), що дає більш суттєве підвищення результату експериментальної групи щодо контрольної.

Висновки: встановлено, що використання даного методу сприяє більш ефективному розвитку силових показників, а, отже, веде до зростання спортивних результатів у всіх трьох дисциплінах пауерліфтингу.

Ключові слова: пауерліфтинг, додаткове обладнання, присідання, гумовий еспандер.
Comparative study of the antioxidant properties of silymarin and milk thistle extracts
Authors: Ivanov V. , Pavlova M.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for liver and gall bladder / biliary tract diseases. Silymarin is the purified and standardized extract from milk thistle seeds. The purpose of the present study is to present a comparative analysis of the total phenolic substances content and the antioxidant effect of silymarin and three different types of Silybum marianum extracts (i.e. ethanol extract, water extract and lyophilized extract).
Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts was analysed and the antioxidant activity was assessed by determining their free radical scavenging ability by DPPH method.
Results: Total phenolic content is the highest in silymarin– 134.12±3.22 mg GAE/g, followed by lyophilized water extract – 51.74±2.10 mg GAE/g. Silymarin has also been found to have the highest antioxidant activity among all extract samples (338.03 VCEAC µmol /g), followed by S.marianum lyophilised extract (123.05 VCEAC µmol/g).
Conclusions: A strong correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extracts and their antioxidant activity has been found.
Evaluation of the economic effectiveness in pepper production in drought conditions
Authors: Arnaoudov B. , Boteva H. , Y. Arnaoudova Y. Arnaoudova
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study is to select pepper genotypes with increased drought tolerance based on an economic assessment of productivity in conditions of water deficit. The experiments were conducted during 2018-2019 in glasshouse Venlo type in the MVCRI. Two variants of irrigation regime are applied: 100% irrigation norm and 50% irrigation norm according to the technology adopted for this production in eight pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes - lines № 1966, 1917, 1931, 1936, 1928, 1930, C41 and C45, which were cultivated as a substrate culture (PE bag 16 L) without heating. In assessing the economic indicators in greenhouse production of pepper in order to select drought-tolerant genotypes of pepper according to the summary indicator rate of return with the highest economic effect of drought achieved with reduced to 50% irrigation regime are distinguished lines № 1928, № 1966 and № 1931.
On the “otter-fish producers conflict” in South-Eastern Bulgaria
Authors: E. Raichev E. Raichev
Published: July 2021

Predatory mammals compete with humans for game, livestock and fish. The otter (Lutra lutra L.) inhabits the whole river system in Bulgaria, including fish ponds, coming into conflict with fish producers causing damage due to its feeding habits. To clarify the manifestations of the conflict, an anonymous questionnaire among fish farmers and workers was provided. According to the survey, the market-sized fish was affected the most (93.75% of the respondents) by otter’s attacks, to a lesser extent the juveniles - 63.75% and the broodstocks - 62.5%, respectively. In the current study, 43.75% of respondents claimed that weed fish also suffers damage. A total of 77.5% of the respondents have tried to overcome the problem. In the present study, there was no report for using a non-lethal method. It can be concluded that the "Otter-fish producers conflict" in Bulgaria will be mitigated if compensations are provided for the economic losses.
Morphological characteristics and correlation dependences among quantitative indications in bird's foot trefoil cultivars
Authors: Churkova B. , Churkova К.
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE of the present study was to make a morphological analysis and calculate correlations among yield and quantitative indicators.
METHODS: It was based on the blocking method in 4 replications with a plot size of 5 m2 with the following bird's foot trefoil cultivars: Targovishte 1, Alvena, Lotanova and Frilo, Polom, Bonnie, Bull.
RESULTS: It was found that the share of stems in grasslands was higher than the leaves, and the degree of variation in this indicator was low. Lotanova cultivar was the most productive with a registered dry matter yield of 1061.55 kg/da. The maximum share in grassland was realized by Alvena cultivar (73.8%), and the tallest stems were registered for Targovishte 1.
CONCLUSIONS: Parameters correlating with high values are dry matter yield and the percentage share of bird's-foot-trefoil in the grassland (r = 0.6816).
Bevacizumab-Associated Implant Presence-Triggered Osteonecrosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ueda Nobuhiro , Imada Mitsuhiko , Kato Yui , Okuda Nao , Nakaue Kazuhiko , Horita Satoshi , Kinoshita Sayuri , Kasahara Kei , Kirita Tadaaki
Published: July 2021

The effect of bevacizumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw on previously osseointegrated dental implants has not been adequately studied. Here, we report a case of osteonecrosis of the jaw detected around dental implants placed before bevacizumab therapy. A 66-year-old woman undergoing bevacizumab therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer developed malocclusion after buccal gingival swelling and pain in the #18, #19, and #20 tooth region. The patient visited a local dental clinic, where existing implants in relation to #19 and #20 were removed. Subsequently, the patient visited our department, and intraoral examination revealed necrotic bone in the region corresponding to #19 and #20. Radiographic examination showed a pathologic fracture in this region that was considered to result from osteonecrosis of the jaw. Bevacizumab therapy was suspended temporarily until the acute inflammation had subsided. In addition, treatment with antibacterial agents and conservative surgery was considered. Complete soft tissue coverage was observed 14 days after surgery. In recent years, the number of patients receiving bevacizumab treatment has increased. Because bevacizumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw could occur around previously osseointegrated dental implants as well, this case report suggests an effective treatment regimen based on a combination of antibacterial agents and conservative surgery.
Fundamentación filosófica y epistemológica
Authors: Goyo de Moreno Maria Elena , Camejo-Ruiz Armando José
Published: July 2021

Para reforzar lo planteado en el capítulo an-terior, se hace necesario el conocimiento de las principales posturas filosóficas y epistemológicas que ayudan a orientar parámetros de acción, métodos, objetivos, intereses y expectativas, por cuanto todo resultado adecuado de la indagación científica contribuye a consolidar algunas posturas ideológicas y epistémicas con la generación de la teoría respectiva que tienen relación por la posición que se asuma ontológicamente ante la correlación entre el ser y el pensar, lo neutral y lo relativo, lo material y lo espiritual (Guadarrama, 2009).
Dinámica de sistemas
Authors: Cadenas Anaya Carmelina , Guaita Wilfredo
Published: July 2021

Sistemas, modelos y simulación, conforman en su conjunto la teoría, los métodos y las herramientas suficientes para que la nueva gerencia y/o la gerencia posmoderna hagan uso sin limitaciones de ellos, con la intención de reducir la incertidumbre y tomar decisiones apropiadas en pro del crecimiento de la organización.
Enhancing bearing capacity of shallow foundations through cement-stabilised sand layer over weakly bonded residual soil
Authors: Consoli Nilo Cesar , Moreira Eclesielter Batista , Festugato Lucas , Caballero Ricardo Daniel , Foppa Diego , Ruver Cesar Alberto
Published: July 2021

The addition of a soil–cement reinforcement layer is an alternative to improve the bearing capacity of shallow foundations on weak soils. Recent research with small-scale tests highlighted the influence of the soil–cement layer's geometry and tensile strength in bearing capacity prediction of footings resting on treated layers. This work presents the evaluation of field static load tests of circular steel footings resting on soil–cement layers above a weak residual soil. Results showed on the one hand that traditional methods for predicting bearing capacity in homogeneous soils could be applied when the foundation and reinforcement layer are expected to punch together into the weakly bonded residual soil, without the failure of the reinforcement layer until some prescribed load. On the other hand, methods for continuous double-layer systems could be used where the reinforcement layer is expected to fail before reaching the prescribed load. The failure mode could be predicted by calculating the maximum tensile stress at the bottom of the reinforcement layer at the prescribed foundation load. An equation for this purpose was suggested and successfully tested against real-size field test results. Finally, analytical solutions for determining the bearing capacity were effective in foreseeing the field values.
Numerical simulation of underground excavations in an indurated clay using non-local regularisation. Part 2: sensitivity analysis
Authors: Mánica Miguel A. , Gens Antonio , Vaunat Jean , Armand Gilles , Vu Minh-ngoc
Published: July 2021

A sensitivity study is presented to evaluate the influence of different parameters on the simulation of an underground excavation in the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) argillaceous formation performed in the Meuse/Haute-Marne underground research laboratory. An elasto-viscoplastic constitutive law representing the characteristic behaviour of indurated mudrocks and stiff clays has been employed. It incorporates anisotropy, strain-softening, creep deformations and dependence of permeability on damage. In addition, a non-local formulation, able to simulate localised deformations objectively, has been incorporated in the analyses. The following features affecting the excavation have been studied: initial stress, strength and stiffness anisotropy, strength parameters, hydraulic and hydromechanical parameters, and scale effects. A simulation reported in a companion paper provides the base case for benchmarking. The results are compared in terms of extent and configuration of the excavation fractured zone, vertical and horizontal tunnel convergences, and the development and evolution of pore pressures in the rock. From the comparisons, an enhanced understanding of the hydromechanical mechanisms associated with underground excavations in COx claystone, and other similar argillaceous materials, has been achieved.
Does the micro land snail, Kaliella barrakporensis (Mollusca: Gastropoda), exhibit plant preference and aggregation? A spatial scale analysis
Authors: Barman Himangshu , Aditya Gautam
Published: July 2021

The spatial scale occurrence of the micro land snail Kaliella barrakporensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1852) in the host plants was assessed in selected sites of West Bengal, India. In course of a survey, the collection of K. barrakporensis from randomly selected plants was accomplished for the purpose of highlighting – (a) distribution in host plants, (b) variation in abundance in different height and (c) the dispersion pattern. Although the snails were observed in seven different plants, the presence was more prominent in the lemon plant (Citrus limon), with an average of about 24 individuals / 100 leaves. The logit based principal component regression indicated significant differences in the choice of the host plants with abundance in C. limon followed  by Hibiscus rosa sinensis  and  Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, which was further substantiated through ANOVA (F(1),6, 69 = 10.918; P < 0.001). The heterogeneity in the distribution of K. barrakporensis at different heights of the plant C. limon was also observed with maximum abundance at about 90cm height with least number of snails at the ground level (F(1)6,139 = 3.797;P < 0.0001). On the basis of the variance to mean ratio (s2/m = 1.847±0.161SE), negative binomial aggregation parameter k (1.034± 0.33 SE) and Lloyd mean crowding (ṁ) (1.083 ± 0.16SE) the dispersion of the snail appeared to comply with the clumped distribution in host plants. Apparently, the micro land snail K. barrakporensis exhibited clumped distribution in selected plant species that serve as the preferred resource and complies with the arboreal adaptation. However, further studies should be initiated on the resource preferences of the micro snail K. barrakporensis, to support conservation initiative and spread beyond native habitats.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER COATED WITH Mo AND Al2O3-TiO2 IN A DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Kuppusamy Murugan , Ramanathan Thirumalai , Krishnavel Udhayakumar , Murugesan Seenivasan
Published: July 2021

The effect of thermal-barrier coatings (TBCs) reduces fuel consumption, effectively improving the engine efficiency. This research focused on a TBC with a thickness of 300 µm insulating the combustion chamber of a direct ignition (DI) engine. The piston crown, inlet and exhaust-valve head were coated using air-plasma-spray coating. Ceramic powder materials such as molybdenum (Mo) and aluminum oxide titanium dioxide (Al2O3-TiO2) were used. A performance test of the engine with the coated combustion chamber was carried out to investigate the brake power, brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and air-fuel ratio. Also, an emission-characteristic test was carried out to investigate the emissions of unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, NO3) and smoke opacity (SO). The results reveal that the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption show significant increases because of these coating materials. The effect of the Al2O3-TiO2 coating significantly reduces the HC and CO engine emissions.
ANALYSIS AND THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY OF NUCLEI IN SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE IN Fe–C–Si ALLOYS
Authors: Prijanovič Tonkovič Marica , Mrvar Primož , Vončina Maja , Donik Črtomir , Godec Matjaž , Petrič Mitja
Published: July 2021

The paper describes the graphite nuclei constitution for spheroidal graphite cast iron melted in a cupola furnace, which is treated by the addition of magnesium and inoculated with a barium-based inoculant. Two samples of spheroidal cast iron were analysed, differing only in tin content. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE -SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyse the nuclei. The thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria and the associated free formation energies of the alloys were calculated and compared with metallographic observations. It was found that the nuclei in the spheroidal graphite are different in shape and composition. Spherical and rectangular ones were found, and in many cases the porosity was present at the nuclei. The nuclei consisted of different compounds such as (Mg,Ca)S, MgO, (Mg,Al,Si)N. The amount of Sn only affected the pearlite content, and there were no Ba and rare earths present in the nuclei.
METALLOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
Authors: Kraner Jakob , Kevorkijan Varužan , Godec Matjaž , Paulin Irena
Published: July 2021

Metallographic investigations are critical in research and materials’ quality control. Therefore, these methods are very present in scientific and industrial activities. In particular for quality control, metallographic analyses have an indirect correlation with quality, time and economic aspect in the metallurgical industry. Most of the metallographic methods used for aluminium alloys’ quality determination are non-standard and are required by customers. The suitability and effectiveness of these metallographic control methods are best determined by interlaboratory investigations. In this investigation, two metallographic laboratories with seven different operators using five different light microscopes with associated software were involved. The interlaboratory analyses covered a determination of the rim zone, dendritic arm space, intermetallic phases and non-metallic inclusions. From the calculated measurement uncertainty, where in the worst case results differ by 4.7 %, it is clear that all four metallographic methods are suitable for implementation in industrial quality laboratories, when correctly and accurately defined (with easy-to-follow instructions).
Действительно ли ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении является наилучшим измерителем уровня смертности населения?
Authors: Андреев Евгений Михайлович
Published: July 2021

Принято считать, что наиболее адекватной характеристикой уровня смертности населения в некоторый период времени является показатель «ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении» (ОПЖ). Данный показатель имеет серьезные недостатки, а подобный выбор создает ряд неоправданных трудностей. Главный недостаток – метод расчета ОПЖ до сих пор не унифицирован и, скорее всего, унифицирован быть не может. В силу этого ОПЖ для разных стран и периодов могут быть несравнимы. Данные международной Human Life-Table Database позволяют утверждать, что часто при сравнениях нельзя использовать первый десятичный знак.

Определение ОПЖ требует расчета таблиц смертности для условного поколения календарного периода. Когда уровень смертности быстро снижается, как это происходит в большинстве стран с середины ХХ века, таблицы смертности условного поколения мало что говорят о возрастных закономерностях смертности когорт, но, скорее, формируют ложные впечатления. Подсчет числа человек в условном поколении, которые доживают или не доживают до некоторого возраста, не имеет отношения ни к какой реальной совокупности. Лишь расчет ОПЖ оправдывает построение таблиц смертности.

Переход от возрастных показателей смертности к ОПЖ описывается не формулой, а вычислительной процедурой. Это создает серьезные трудности при попытках оценить влияние на ОПЖ смертности отдельных возрастов, от отдельных причин смерти, в отдельных регионах и группах населения.

Всеми этими недостатками не обладает стандартизованный коэффициент смертности (СКС), расчет которого становится безальтернативным, как только задано стандартное население. Данные Human Mortality Database (Demographic Research 2021) позволили показать, что оценка уровня смертности с помощью СКС почти совпадает с оценкой на основе ОПЖ.

СКС – линейная функция возрастных коэффициентов смертности, поэтому расчет влияния смертности отдельных возрастов, причин смерти, смертности регионов или групп населения на СКС осуществить несложно.

Непрофессионалы воспринимают ОПЖ на интуитивном уровне как длительность человеческой жизни, что, скорее, недостаток показателя. Использование СКС требует больше объяснений. Но в практических исследованиях и в профессиональных публикациях ориентация на СКС облегчит работу и защитит от необоснованных эмоций.
История популяционного здоровья
Authors: Власов Василий Викторович
Published: July 2021

Рецензия на монографию Йохана Макенбаха, освещающего историю и механизмы формирования здоровья и долголетия популяций Европы в течение двух столетий.
genomic DNA-extraction v1
Authors: Burgis Michael
Published: July 2021

DNA isolation protocol for quick and rapid extraction of genomic DNA from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. (also works for cyanobacteria) This protocol is based on a paper published by Newman et al 1990 (PMID: 1981764). The protocol is designed to be used for single colonies or 1ml of cell culture but can be used for a larger amount of biomass if scaled correctly. Here I describe the protocol for 10ml of overnight culture.
Urbanization Patterns around the North Sea: Long-Term Population Dynamics, 1300–2015
Authors: Van Mil Yvonne , Rutte Reinout
Published: July 2021

Around the North Sea, how have port cities and cities in the hinterlands of port cities influenced one another in the past? What possible links are there between population trends in various urban areas and time periods? Is it possible to identify the origin of the urbanization patterns around the North Sea? To understand the current era of urbanization, we need to analyze historical trends and urbanization patterns in the long term. By mapping the population figures for eight moments in history and combining this with data on political boundaries and large infrastructures that facilitate flows of goods and people, this article aims to contribute to an improved understanding of contemporary and historical urbanization trends around the North Sea. It also presents the first spatial dataset on urban settlements around the North Sea by means of a series of demographic maps, from 1300 to 2015. It provides a detailed explanation of the method used for mapping and handling demographical data. Each map is accompanied by a brief explanation of the urbanization pattern, with special attention to identifying demographic and economic developments and possible clarifications for centers of gravity and shifts. The maps lay the foundation for further research on social patterns and spatial developments in urban (port) regions around the North Sea and for understanding urban culture through space and time. Port cities must be analyzed from the perspective of the sea, which requires a rethinking of data sets and data borders, to understand the ways in which these port cities have served as porous distribution hubs and as transit nodes for boundary-crossing flows.
Port Cities within Port Regions: Shaping Complex Urban Environments in Gdańsk Bay, Poland
Authors: Krośnicka Karolina A. , Lorens Piotr , Michałowska Eliza
Published: July 2021

Port cities located within various metropolitan or functional regions face very different development scenarios. This applies not only to entire municipalities but also to particular areas that play important roles in urban development—including ports as well as their specialized parts. This refers also to the various types of maritime industries, including the processing of goods, logistics operations, shipbuilding, or ship repairing, to name just a few. Since each of these activities is associated with a different location, any transformation process that creates changes in geographic borders or flows will dynamically affect the port cityscape. Municipalities may evolve in different directions, becoming ‘major maritime hubs,’ ‘secondary service centers,’ ‘specialized waterfront cities,’ or just distressed urban areas. Within each metropolitan area, one can find several cities evolving in one of the above-mentioned directions, which results in the creation of a specific regional mosaic of various types of port cities. These create specific ‘port regions’ with specific roles assigned to each of these and shape the new (regional) dimension of the geography of borders and flows. As a result, these port regions are created as porous structures where space is discontinuous. To further develop the issue of the creation and evolution of port regions, the authors present the case study of the Gdańsk Bay port region. This study in particular allowed for the development of both the theoretical background of this phenomenon and the presentation of a real-life example.
Neoliberal Economic, Social, and Spatial Restructuring: Valparaíso and Its Agricultural Hinterland
Authors: Cuevas Valenzuela Hernán , Budrovich Sáez Jorge , Cerda Becker Claudia
Published: July 2021

The analysis of the neoliberal restructuring of Chilean port cities and their hinterland suggests there was a functional coupling of neoliberalisation, precarisation, reterritorialisation, extraction, and logistics. To address this process properly, we expanded the boundaries of our analytical scale to include not only the port city, but also its hinterland, and be able to examine the flow of commodities and labour. The analysis demonstrated that the effects of neoliberal restructuring of Valparaíso and its hinterland has had interconnected ambivalent effects. Although social and economic restructuring of agricultural hinterland and port terminals in Chile increased land and port productivity and economic competitiveness, this pattern of capitalist modernisation benefitted neither the increasing masses of temporary precarious workers in the countryside nor port cities such as Valparaíso, marked by territorial inequality, socioecological damage, urban poverty, and a growing sense of closure of the littoral and reduced access to the ocean. These negative externalities and frictions have triggered local political controversies, commercial and economic disputes, labour strikes, and urban and socio-territorial conflicts.
THE JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES
Authors: Matat A.
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the study of the justification of constitutional principles as a fundamental category of constitutional law. Legal principles are an important conception in the legal doctrine and the legal practice of democratic countries. Ukrainian legal doctrine studies legal principles in the two paradigms, namely fundamental principles and general principles. However, this approach does not result in the understanding of principles in constitutional law. That is why principles in constitutional law are an actual topic. The article aims to examine the fundamental concepts to find the justifications of constitutional principles. Hence, the author pays attention to the content of constitutional law and constitutionalism as principles-based categories. First, constitutional law is a fundamental part of the law in the legal system, and all the parts of the law are dependent on constitutional law. Second, the universal constitutional principles are the same for all legal systems. After all, constitutionalism doctrine consists of the limitation of power, and nowadays, this is expressed through the constitution and different constitution principles. The author uses comparative legal, phenomenological, and system-structural analysis as a valid methodology for this research. Finally, the research investigation contains the following conclusions that enable the author to prove the motivation of the science paper to study the outlined topic. First, constitutional law is the basis of the legal system, which embodies constitutional principles; constitutional law has the same effect on public law and private law. Second, constitutionalism is a source for finding constitutional principles. Third, the system of constitutional principles includes the following characteristics: universality and specificity. The system of constitutional principles is open and depends on the interpretation of constitutions. The paper aims to contribute to the growing research highlighting the current issues of constitutional principles. Keywords: principles, constitutional principles, constitutional law, constitutionalism, the system of constitutional principles.
DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF MARRIAGE CONTRACT: NEW APPROACHES
Authors: Mykhalniuk O.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to study current issues of regulation of family relations under the marriage contract, to define the concept and content of the marriage contract in the light of new trends in notarial and judicial practice of Ukraine. For this research a number of general scientific and specific legal methods have been used, namely analysis of the legal issues, judicial categories, applied comparative-legal, systematic- structural, formal-logical methods and etc.. The author proposes a systematic approach to the study of problems of changing legal regimes of marital property under the marriage contract. It is based on the author's understanding of the concept and the legal nature of "legal property regime" in science of civil and family law of Ukraine, and analysis of the existing judicial practice within mentioned-above sphere. The notion "change the legal regime of marital property" and "change of property types" are not identical in content. The change of the legal regime of the spouses' property does not provide for the transfer of ownership of this property. It is proved that the legal regime of the property of spouses under a marriage contract can be changed only regarding the property, which will be acquired in the future. The effect of legal regime of separate property on the property, which was acquired by spouses in marriage (common property) is in contradiction with part 5, article 93 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. In this case there is actually a transfer of ownership. It is proposed to expand the range of legal relations that can be regulated by a marriage contract, namely: to include not only property but also personal non-property relations of brides and spouses. The author also proposes the definition of marriage contract as a legal instrument between spouses or fiancé and fiancée, which determines their property and personal none-property rights and obligations, in particular, regarding the establishment (change) of legal regime of future property, the regulation of its usage and dispossession, division of revenues and expenses and their property and personal non-property rights as parents in marriage and (or) in case of divorce. Keywords: family law, marriage contract, legal regime of spouses' property, joint common ownership, joint partial ownership, regime of separate property of spouses, regime of common property of spouses.
SOCIAL AND LEGAL PROTECTION OF CHILD NEGLECT AND HOMELESSNESS DURING QUARANTINE
Authors: Sinova L.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the features of the legal status of child neglect and homelessness, determines the place of this category of persons in society and the state. Child neglect and homelessness are considered as a separate category that needs social and legal protection from the state and charitable organizations, especially during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Today, the problem of homeless people and homeless children in Ukraine distorts the social environment, destroys the physical, mental and spiritual health of people, reduces their vital, social and creative activity, worsens morale, as well as creates tension in society. The main reasons for this situation were a sharp decline in income and living standards due to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and structural changes in the economy, unprofitability of many manufacturing enterprises, imperfect financial and credit mechanisms, the sharp increase in existing and hidden unemployment, unpreparedness of training and social institutions, as well as law enforcement agencies to work with such categories of the population in the market conditions. The general principles of social protection of homeless persons and homeless children established by the legislation are determined. It provides legal regulation for relations in society, which are aimed at realization by homeless persons and homeless children of their rights and freedoms provided by the Constitution and legislation of Ukraine. It also creates conditions for public and charitable organizations working in the field of social protection. The conditions and active growth of the number of homeless people and homeless children during quarantine are studied. The author points out the need to comply with the current legislation in the field of social and legal protection of this category of persons, especially during quarantine, as health should be a strategic direction of human life. Thus, the state should protect and help homeless citizens and homeless children according to the Constitution of Ukraine, as a person, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security are recognized in Ukraine as the highest social value. The maintenance and upbringing of orphans and children deprived of parental care is the responsibility of the state. Keywords: homelessness, child neglect, life circumstances, health care, quarantine, social assistance, social services, orphanhood.