bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Short‑Term Hipocaloric Nutrition on Bodyweight Reduction in Lithuanian Olympic Team Wrestlers
Authors: Baranauskas Marius , Tubelis Linas , Stukas Rimantas , Švedas Edmundas , Samsonienė Laimutė , Karanauskienė Diana
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. These days many athletes of combat sports prior contest practice unsafe hipocaloric diets. Hypothetically the content of macronutrient and micronutrient composition of wrestlers’ food rations must be corrected individually during the time of bodyweight loss and after weigh control.Research aim of the present study was to examine the effects of bodyweight reduction on athletes’ body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM), body fat (BF), body fluid (BFL), body protein (BP) and minerals. Research methods. Wrestlers (n = 10) were measured before, at the end (before weight control) rapid bodyweight reduction and 2 days after contest. Food records were analyzed and macronutrient and micronutrient contributions from meals were assessed. The measures of body mass components were taken using BIA tetra-polar electrodes.Research results. Analysis of wrestlers 4-day food records revealed average values at 18.2 ± 10.6 kcal·kg -1 ·day -1 , 0.8 ± 0.4 g·kg -1 ·day -1  of proteins, 2.0 ± 1.5 g·kg -1 ·day -1   of carbohydrates and 0.8 ± 0.4 g·kg -1 ·day -1  of fat throughout the period of rapid bodyweight reduction. Low total energy intake contributed to the insufficient on take of vitamins A, B 1 , B 2 , PP, D, E, B 6 , folic acid and minerals as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc intakes during the rapid bodyweight loss season. Additionally wrestlers followed low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet and did not consume adequate energy or carbohydrate diet after the contest.Discussion and conclusions. During rapid bodyweight loss period athletes showed a significant decrease in BM (–3.7 ± 1.9 kg, p < 0.05), LBM (–1.5 ± 1.3 kg, p < 0.05), BF (–2.1 ± 0.6 kg, p < 0.001), BFL (–1.1 ± 0.9 kg, p < 0.05), minerals (–0.2 ± 0.1 kg, p < 0.05), but not BP (–0.2 ± 0.1 kg, p  ≤ 0.05). After contest wrestlers had significant increases in BM (+3.1  ± 1.9 kg, p < 0.05), BF (+2.6 ± 0.5 kg, p < 0.001) and minerals (+0.2 ± 0.1 kg, p < 0.05), but non-significant increase in LBM (+1.0  ± 1.8 kg, p > 0.05) and BFL (+0.7 ± 1.3 kg, p < 0.05). Wrestlers’ food rations must be corrected individually during the time of bodyweight loss, after weigh control and follow-up recovery, during the period of contest.Keywords: nutrition, wrestlers’ food rations, weight reduction.
Effect of Postural Changes on Leg Muscle Tone and Arterial Blood Pressure in Able‑Bodied People and People after Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Packevičiūtė Aušrinė , Adomaitienė Rūta , Poderys Jonas
Published: May 2019

Research  background  and  hypothesis.  Following  spinal  cord  injury  part  of  sympathetic  nervous  system is  disrupted  from  the  brain  stem  control,  which  results  in  cardiovascular  system  regulation  disorders.  Impaired cardiovascular regulation may cause orthostatic hypotension or other negative impacts on persons’ health. However, there are adaptive mechanisms which may change cardiovascular regulation and compensate these cardiovascular disorders. One of the mechanisms that may affect the occurrence of orthostatic hypotension may be changes in muscle tone after spinal cord injury.The aim of research was to ascertain the effect of muscle tone changes on blood pressure in persons with spinal cord injury through ortho-clinostatic test.Research methods. During passive ortho-clinostatic test, non-invasive blood pressure was continuously measured using the vital signs tracking monitor and leg muscle tone measurement was performed using myotonometer.Research results. In control group muscle tone is characterized as constant wave – it decreases in orthostasis and increases in clinostasis. In paraplegic group muscle tone changes are as similar to those in controls, except that dynamics is not so constant and numeric values are lower. In tetraplegics we can see that muscle tone changes rapidly and tone in thigh muscles has a tendency to decrease through all the test. Discusion and conclusions: 1. Leg muscle tone changes are important for blood pressure compensating mechanisms when the body position changes: it increases during orthostasis and decreases during clinostasis.2.  Blood  pressure  varies  differently  among  able-bodied  persons  and  persons  with  spinal  cord  injury.  The degree of the breach has a significant impact on the occurrence of compensatory peripheral regulation mechanisms. Characteristics  of  blood  pressure  fluctuations  during  body  position  changes  in  paraplegics  are  similar  to  those of reactions as in the able-bodied controls, while in tetraplegia case, possibilities of homeostatic blood pressure compensation during body posture changes are significantly reduced.Keywords: blood pressure, muscle tone, paraplegia, tetraplegia.
Correlation of the Indicators of High Performance Women Basketball Players’ Game Characteristics with Physical Development and Physical Fitness
Authors: Paulauskas Rūtenis , Balčiūnas Mindaugas
Published: May 2019

Research  background  and  hypothesis.  Indicators  of  physical  fitness  and  physical  development  influence individual performance results.  Research aim was to identify correlation between basketball performance indicators and physical development and fitness. Research  methods.  The  basketball  players  (n  =  12)  of  the  Lithuanian  National  Women’s  Basketball  Team were investigated. The performance indicators of this team were analyzed on the basis of data collected during the European Basketball Championship. During competition period the indicators of physical development and physical fitness of female basketball players were measured. Mathematical statistics methods were applied for the analysis of the research data. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were applied to identify correlations among the indicators.Research  results.  The  correlations  of  the  number  of  blocks  with  height,  body  mass,  standing  reach  and psychomotor response were established. This indicator of game performance was technically simple and its efficiency was determined by good physical development and fast psychomotor reaction. The correlations of shooting percentage of different throws with physical fitness were different.Discussion and conclusions. The shooting percentage of 2-point field goals correlated with muscle mass, body mass and take-off duration. This allows suggesting that a certain number of shots are performed after the physical contact with an opponent and jumping faster during the moment of throw. No correlation was established between 3-point field goals, free throws and physical fitness indicators. This means that shooting percentage was influenced by other factors. Steals, turnovers and passes, as complex technical and tactical actions, did not correlate with the researched physical fitness indicators.Keywords: shot, jump, height, block, power.
Manifestation of Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in a Basketball Match
Authors: Šukys Saulius , Stankevičiūtė Vaida Zakrasienė , Nickus Edas , Šukienė Edita
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. The number of studies examining moral issues in sport has increased but we still lack research about actual behavior of athletes during the match. It was hypothesized that players and coaches’ behavior would differ in relation with players’ age, course and the final outcome of the match.Research aim was to explore the manifestation of observed prosocial and antisocial behaviors in a basketball match.Research methods. Data were collected using observation technique. 40 games were observed in the two age groups: 13–14 and 17–18-year-old players. Research results. Younger players more often than the older ones demonstrated respect to the referee (p = 0.05), but older players showed respect to opponents more often (p = 0.01). In the second half of the game players quarreled with referees more often than at the beginning of the game (p = 0.001). When the difference in the final outcome of the game was less, athletes were more often angry with each other (p = 0.001) and cursed more often (p = 0.034). Coaches working with younger players showed disrespect to them more often (p = 0.02).Discussion and conclusions. Research partly confirmed the hypothesis that younger basketball players more often demonstrated prosocial behavior during the game. Antisocial behaviors of players were more common in the second half of the match and when the difference in the final result was less. Research did not confirm the fact that coaches who worked with older players demonstrated more antisocial behavior and that such behavior was more common when there was less difference in the results of the match.Keywords: basketball players and coaches’ behavior assessment, moral behavior in sport, players’ age, course of the game, final outcome of the game.
Influence Of 200 mm Hg Occlusion Pressure on Arterial Blood Flow in Skeletal Muscles and Physical Working Capacity
Authors: Bunevičius Kęstutis , Grūnovas Albinas , Tijūnaitis Karolis
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Different weights, resistance, scope of work, rest periods, frequency, and performance velocity are used to increase strength in training sessions. The traditional training facility with high resistance can be replaced by low resistance while limiting muscle blood flow. Hypothesis: a single 15-minute 200 mm Hg occlusion pressure can affect physical working capacity and blood flow intensity.Research  aim.  was  to  analyze  changes  in  the  intensity  of  the  calf  muscle  arterial  blood  flow  and  physical working capacity with and without 200 mm Hg pressure occlusion.   Research  methods.  were  dynamometry,  ergometry,  venous  occlusive  plethysmography.  The  control  group included six and experimental group – 12 male athletes in endurance sports. In both groups we recorded arterial blood flow at rest and after 75% of maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC) physical work lifting a weight until complete fatigue. Between the first and second physical workloads in the experimental group we applied 15 min occlusion with 40 mm wide cuff in the groin area.Research results. During the physical load in the control group, arterial blood flow significantly increased, and during recovery it did not reach to baseline. In the experimental group arterial blood flow significantly increased and during recovery it did not reach the baseline. Blood flow intensity both the first and the second physical loads altered analogically. Before the second physical load in the experimental group, 200 mm Hg occlusion had a negative effect on skeletal muscle working capacity compared with the passive rest in the control group.Discussion and conclusions. Occlusion of 200 mm Hg in the groin area reduces arterial blood flow intensity in calf skeletal muscles. Immediately after the removal of 200 mm Hg occlusion, arterial blood flow intensity increases and then decreases to its original value. 200 mm Hg occlusion pressure reduces blood flow intensity in the skeletal muscles.    Before  the  second  physical  load,  200  mm  Hg  occlusion  decreases  skeletal  muscle  working  capacity compared with passive rest in the control group.Keywords: occlusion, physical working capacity, arterial blood ﬂow.
Gender Differences in Body Image Perception among 8 th Grade Pupils
Authors: Derkintienė Sigita
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Previous studies have shown that dissatisfaction with the body image among girls often reflects a desire to be thinner, among boys – a desire to be bigger, taller, become more muscular and have a nice body shape. It is known that adolescents have a very precise body image which is related to their own perception. However, there is a gap in research, analyzing body image aspect, i. e. evaluation of specific body image components. Hypothesis – there is a difference in the satisfaction level with specific body image components among 8 th  grade pupils; body image assessment of 8 th  grade pupils is different in the aspect of gender. Research aim was to establish gender differences in body image perception among 8 th  grade pupils.Research methods. The research has been conducted during the months of March-April-May of 2012. A random probability sampling method was used with 8 th  grade pupils from 24 general education schools located in various cities and towns around Lithuania. The research sample was comprised of 1347 (boys n = 674, girls n = 673) 8 th  grade pupils. To perform the diagnostic analysis, the author designed a body image perception questionnaire, composed on the basis of V. Rittner (1986), A. Zaborskis et al. (1996), R. Jankauskienė (2001), A. Zaborskis, J. Makari (2001), W. D. Brettschneider, T. Kleine, G. Klimek (2003), D. M. Garner (2004), R. Russell (2004), A. Miškinytė (2011), questionnaires.Research results. Results of the present research allows concluding that respondents are more dissatisfied with their body image components which are influenced by adolescents’ phenotype. i.e. stomach, shoulders, legs, thighs, hips,  buttocks,  waist,  shin,  breast  (p  <  0.001).  Gender  differences  in  body  image  perception  revealed  that  girls tended to be more dissatisfied with their facial features (p  < 0.001), nose (p < 0.001), cheeks (p = 0.003), facial skin (p < 0.001), hair (p = 0.001), breasts (p = 0.004), waist (p = 0.001), stomach (p < 0.001), legs (p = 0.001), hips (p < 0.001), thighs (p < 0.001), shin (p < 0,001), buttocks (p < 0.001), feet (p < 0.001), naked body (p < 0.001), body shape (p < 0.001), and body weight (p < 0.001). Discussion and conclusions. Differences in body image perception among 8 th  grade pupils depend on gender, i. e. girls compared to boys (p < 0.001), tend to be more dissatisfied with their body image.Keywords: body image, adolescence, body weight, body type, body shape.
The Impact of Educational Counseling on the Alteration of Athletic Identity among Adolescents
Authors: Rakauskienė Vinga , Dumčienė Audronė
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. The article deals with the manifestation of athletic identity of senior students of secondary schools as a major precondition for the development of physical education among adolescents and health-favouring lifelong physical activity (Anderson, 2004; Bélanger, et al., 2011). The hypothesis of the paper is that under educational counseling, the evaluations of athletic identity among adolescents increase.Research aim was find out the impact of educational counseling (EC) on the alteration of athletic identity (AI) of adolescents.Research methods. In order to evaluate AI among adolescents, a methodology of EC was employed. To reveal issues faced by adolescents, questions of four types were employed: Exception, Miracle, Coping and Scale questions together with PA definition questions ( International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form). The evaluation of AI was performed with the Athletic Identity Questionnaire for Adolescents as developed by C. B. Anderson, L. C. Mâsse and A. C. Hergenroeder (2007) consisting of forty statements which were evaluated in the Likert scale from 1 to 5 by the research participants.The research involved 553 students (294 females and 259 males) whose age average was 16.75 ± 1.11 years. The students were randomly assigned to EC impact (253 students) and comparison (300 individuals) groups. The members of the impact group were counseled from one to six times regarding PA and other problems while the adolescents constituting the comparison group merely indicated their PA and other issues; they were not counseled.Research results. The evaluation of AI and its constituent parts in the impact and comparison groups were not statistically significant before EC (p  > 0.05).During the period of EC, the values of AI and its constituents regarding the importance of PA and incentives to be involved in PA statistically significantly improved in the adolescents facing problems connected with PA of the impact group.EC was more efficient for those adolescents who were not sufficiently involved in classes of physical education. They showed significant (p  < 0.05) improvement not only in terms of AI but also concerning the values of the importance of PA and the evaluations of social incentives (general incentives).Discussion and conclusions. EC positively impacted the alteration of AI among adolescents. During the period of EC, statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement was observed in the evaluations of AI regarding its constituent parts, the importance of PA and incentives for PA among the adolescents who had been facing problems linked to PA. The AI values statistically significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both males and females during the period of EC. The impact of EC on the athletic identity was insignificant (p > 0.05) in adolescents exhibiting problems in communication with teachers of physical education.Keywords: educational counseling, athletic identity, physical activity.
Analysis of Changes in Body Balance for Women with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Skurvydas Albertas , Česnaitienė Vida Janina , Pukėnas Kazimieras , Andrejeva Julija , Streckis Vytautas , Mickevičienė Dalia
Published: May 2019

Background. To obtain changes in postural control the method of static posturography is usually used. The analysis of posturogram lets us determine the character of these changes, presumes that the body balance complexity, which is expressed in body coordinates of the centre of pressure variation, is less in multiple sclerosis patients than in healthy women. This study aimed at determining the effect of multiple sclerosis on changes in balance control of patients.Methods. Twelve women with multiple sclerosis (mean age – 43.0 ± 5.5 years, body mass index – 24.7 ± 4.2 kg/m 2 ) and 15 healthy women (mean age – 44.5 ± 3.5 years, body mass index – 25.5 ± 2.9 kg/m 2 ) were included in this study. The balance of subjects was assessed applying the method of static posturography. We calculated changes in the coordinates of the centre of body pressure displacement in the lateral and anterior-posterior directions. To assess changes in the displacement of the centre of body pressure in the lateral and anterior-posterior directions two characteristics of advanced signal processing methods, i.e. sample entropy and the index of spectral power dependence on frequency were calculated.Results  and  conclusion.  Traditional  posturogram  analysis  does  not  show  statistically  significant  changes between women with multiple sclerosis and healthy women. The results of the study, applying advanced signal processing methods, have shown that the complexity of the centre of body pressure displacement of women with multiple sclerosis is statistically significantly smaller compared to that of the healthy women studied. This may be a prerequisite for better rehabilitation of stroke control.Keywords: multiple sclerosis, posture control, assesement of posture.
Būsimųjų sporto pedagogų požiūris į dopingo vartojimą šiuolaikiniame sporte
Authors: Drazdauskas Adomas , Ivaškienė Vida , Kavaliauskas Saulius
Published: May 2019

Šiuo metu dopingas kaip viena iš sportinės apgaulės formų sukelia vis daugiau diskusijų.Tyrimo tikslas — ištirti būsimųjų sporto pedagogų požiūrį į dopingo vartojimą šiuolaikiniame sporte.LKKA Sporto technologijų ir turizmo fakulteto sporto pedagogo specialybės IV kurso 88 studentai (32 merginos ir 56 vaikinai) buvo apklausti 2005 m. pavasarį. Taikytas 22 klausimų pusiau uždaro tipo klausimynas. Tyrimo duomenys buvo analizuojami vaikinų ir merginų nuomonių skirtumo aspektu. Duomenų skirtumo patikimumas nustatytas pagal χ 2  kriterijų.Išsiaiškinta, kad dauguma respondentų (84,4% merginų ir 69,6% vaikinų) vartoja leistinas priemones (vitaminus, maisto papildus ir neuždraustus medikamentus sportiniam rezultatui pagerinti). 15,6% merginų ir 21,4% vaikinų vartoja trenerio duodamus medikamentus. Penktadalis respondentų nurodė, kad jų draugai vartoja draudžiamus medikamentus. 66,1% vaikinų ir 43,8% merginų mano, kad jų varžovai vartoja neleistinas priemones sportiniam rezultatui pagerinti; atitinkamai 68,8 ir 82,1% respondentų yra tos nuomonės, kad jų sporto šakos elitas vartoja draudžiamus preparatus arba kitais būdais apgauna varžovus. Dauguma respondentų suvokia dopingo žalą, akcen-tuoja neigiamą jo poveikį sporte, bet yra tos nuomonės, kad be dopingo šiais laikais neįmanoma pasiekti geriausių sportinių rezultatų. Merginos labiau nei vaikinai (p < 0,05) linkusios su sportininku dalytis atsakomybe dėl dopingo vartojimo, joms labiau rūpi antidopinginio švietimo klausimai.Raktažodžiai: dopingo vartojimas sporte, atsakomybė dėl dopingo vartojimo, dopingo vartojimo pasekmės.
Veiksniai, lemiantys LKKA studentų motyvaciją mokytis užsienio kalbų
Authors: Kuzmienė Aurelija , Čikotienė Irena , Kardelis Kęstutis
Published: May 2019

Straipsnyje aprašomas tyrimas, kurio tikslas — atskleisti LKKA studentų motyvacijos mokytis užsienio kalbų raišką ir įvertinti ją lemiančius veiksnius. Juo bandoma patikrinti prielaidą, kad studentų motyvacija mokytis užsienio kal-bų yra susijusi su jų psichosocialine sveikata ir priklauso nuo pasirinktos studijų krypties. Taikant apklausos raštu metodą, apklausti 225 Sporto edukologijos, Sporto technologijų ir turizmo bei Sporto biomedicinos fakultetų pirmo ir antro kursų studentai. Tyrimo duomenys leidžia formuluoti išvadą, bylojančią apie tai, kad sąsaja egzistuoja tarp studentų motyvacijos mokytis užsienio kalbų ir jų savigarbos, tarpusavio santykių su dėstytojais ir studijų krypties: studentai, kurių motyvacija mokytis užsienio kalbų yra aukštesnė, yra didesnės savigarbos, labiau pabrėžia santykių su dėstytojais svarbą ir pasirinkę studijas Sporto biomedicinos fakultete.Raktažodžiai: studentų motyvacija, užsienio kalbos, psichosocialinė sveikata.
Exposure of Healthcare Service Workers to Psychological Harassment at Work (Pilot Survey)
Authors: Drungilienė Danguolė , Reigas Viljaras
Published: May 2019

Research background. this research is important because the instrument of foreign researchers is applied and used to perform opportunity analysis in Lithuania. The aim of the study – to assess the experienced psychological harassment of healthcare institution workers at work. Methods. Doctors, tenders and tender assistants working in a healthcare institution were surveyed using the questionnaire survey method. For the evaluation of harassment at work, the Work Harassment scale (WHs), which was composed by K. björkqvist and K. Österman in 1994, was used. Results. the performed pilot study revealed that psychological harassment at work took various forms, such as the limitation of freedom of self-expression, situations of intentional disruption in one or another way, loud bawling out, etc. these factors are common in many organisations. Workers at healthcare institutions more often than workers at other organisations face manifestations of psychological harassment because of the specifcity of activity. The most common forms of psychological harassment were identifed in the study. They are situations where a worker was loudly bawled out (17.3%) or criticised (17.4%), falsehoods were said about a worker (23.9%). Less common forms of psychological harassment were assertion that a worker has mental disorders or isolation. Conclusions. Psychological harassment might take various forms in the medical staff work environment. the WHs, which was used for the assessment, is an appropriate tool for further assessments of psychological harassment of healthcare service workers.Keywords: psychological harassment, psychological violence.
Correlation between Functional Disorders of Temporomadibular Joint and Upper Crossed Syndrome
Authors: Juodžbalienė Vilma , Krasauskytė Dovilė , Valatkienė Dovilė
Published: May 2019

Research background. The imbalance between the jaw and neck muscle activity occurs as a compensatory mechanism in order to stabilize the jaw and neck structural parts in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (Ries et al., 2008). Changes occur in posture control system if any biomechanical unit varies (Ritzel et al., 2007). One system compensates the unusually active other body system in upper cross syndrome (UCS) (Tharcher et al., 2011). This syndrome is characterized by shortened upper trapezius, pectoralis major and romboids and week middle and lower trapezius, serratus anterior and deep neck ﬂexors (Moore, 2004; Tharcher et al., 2011). Thus, it is believed that there may be a direct link between the upper cross syndrome and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Purpose. Explore relationship between temporomandibular joint dysfunction and upper crossed syndrome in women. Methods. Thirty female volunteers participated in the study, and they were divided into groups according to trigger points in the shoulder and neck muscles: group 1 – painful shoulder and neck muscles (32.65 ± 12.34 years), group 2 – painless shoulder and neck muscles (34.5 ± 10.95 years). Survey was carried out assessing TMJ function during observation, palpation, evaluation of the sagittal craniovertebral angle, the neck and shoulder muscle length, strength, pain and deep neck muscle endurance was examined. Results. It was found that TMJ function was strongly associated with the UCS: trapezius pain as well as upper trapezius and scalenus length. TMJ disorders were associated with headache in both groups. Weak connection between deep neck muscle endurance and TMJ dysfunction was identifed. Conclusions. TMJ mobility is partly related to UCS, and TMJ functional disorders related to headache and sagittal craniovertebral angle. UCS specifc changes, such as pectoralis muscle length changes and impaired deep neck muscle endurance are not related to TMJ dysfunction.Keywords: temporomandibular joint, the upper crossed syndrome, muscle length, headache.
The Effect of Mobilization with Movement on non-Specific Neck Pain and Patient’s Functional Activity
Authors: Lapinskas Edgaras , Jurgelaitienė Giedrė , Dudonienė Vilma
Published: May 2019

Background. Nowadays there are lots of treatment methods in medicine which can help to solve biosocial problems of patients. Mobilization with movement of vertebral spines is a safer technique compared to manipulative techniques. Due to the prevailing public opinion and feedback about the fast effect, manual therapy is becoming increasingly popular and demanded. Spinal mobilization with movement, compared with the manipulative techniques is a safe and “soft” treatment technique, which is comfortable for the patient and attractive for physiotherapist due to little time and tools cost for the procedure, but there is still a lack of suffcient data on the effectiveness of this method. The aim of research was to evaluate the effect of mobilization with movement on non-specifc neck pain, and patient’s functional activity. Methods. The sample consisted of 30 patients with mean age of 50.2 ± 9.57 years. The main criteria for sample selection was neck pain without any structural changes diagnosed. Patients were informed about research process, treatment method and possibilities of biological responses. We used numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) to assess pain, and patient’s specifc functional scale (PSFS) – to assess functional activity. Treatment duration was one week. Cervical spine mobilization with movement was performed 3 times, every second day, with 10 repeated movements. Results. After the applied treatment the patients’ neck pain intensity decreased statistically signifcantly (from 5.9 ± 1.3 to 2.36 ± 1.16 points) and functional activity of patients improved signifcantly (from 3.95 ± 1.37 to 7.37 ± 1.18 points). Conclusion. Mobilization with movement statistically signifcant decreased intensity of neck pain and improved functional activity of patients.Keywords: neck pain, mobilization with movement, pain assessment scale, patient’s specifc functional scale.
The Impact of Different Physiotherapy Techniques on Patients’ Activity after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pocienė Monika , Valatkienė Dovilė , Karpavičiūtė Solmita , Morkūnienė Rimantė , Boltutienė Jurgita , Šniepienė Gražina
Published: May 2019

Research background. Majority of body functions and systems which are closely interdependent are damaged after suffering from myocardial infarction. Disorders of heart function affect the strength of skeletal muscles, and endurance gets weaker. Breathing inﬂuences a better circulation of blood and affects oxygen absorption. Research questions raised in a context were like this: Do different methods of physiotherapy inﬂuence physical ftness after myocardial infarction in the second period of rehabilitation? Subjects and methods. The aim of the research was to evaluate the inﬂuence of different physiotherapy methods on patients’ physical potential after myocardial infarction in the second period of rehabilitation. A total of 60 individuals aged more than 40 years were enrolled in the study. Patients with elevated ASBP < 140 mm Hg, ADBP < 90 mm Hg were assigned to two groups: the 1st – Nordic Walking (n = 30), to the 2nd – the program of treadmill (n = 30). None of the subjects showed signs of acute pain and respiratory diseases. The study was approved by Bioethics Committee of Klaipėda State University of Applied Sciences. 6 min walking test was used for the evaluation of physical ftness. The change of blood pressure and heart rate was evaluated too. P-values less than 0.05 were interpreted as statistically signifcant. Results. Patients’ physical ftness increased after applying different physiotherapy methods: the walked distance in six minutes got longer, the heart rate increased, the scores of systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased. The frst group walked 48 meters longer than the second group during the 6 minutes walking test. The results of heart rate changes were better in the frst group also. The results of the research showed that the 1st group (Nordic Walking) achieved better results in comparison with the 2nd group (treadmill). Conclusions. After comparing both methods of physiotherapy, the bigger inﬂuence of Nordic Walking on patients’ physical ftness in comparison with walking on the treadmill was noticed. The averages of fnal results were higher in Nordic Walking in comparison with the results of the other physiotherapy method.Keywords: physical activity, physiotherapy, myocardial infarction
The Effect of Physiotherapy on the Function of the Upper Extremity and Psycho-Emotional State in Women after a Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Vaida Šidlauskaitė , Pankaitė Eglė
Published: May 2019

Background. Women breast cancer accounts for 25% of the new cases of cancer diagnosed worldwide and takes the leading place. After breast surgery pain occurs in the wound of the breast, in the armpit area and the hand that reduces the mobility of the shoulder joint, weakens the arm muscle strength, impairs ﬂow of the lymph, which can affect the quality of life and disturb the psycho-emotional state. Physical therapy is applied dealing with these problems. The aim of the research was to estimate the effect of physical therapy on the arm function and psycho-emotional state in women after breast cancer surgery. Research methods. The research included 20 women after a breast-conserving surgery, 50 ± 5 years of age. The methods of testing were the goniometry – for the range of motion of the upper extremity, dynamometry – for hand muscle strength, a tape measurement – for arm volume, Pain numerical rating scale (NRS) – for the intensity of pain, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) – for the psycho-emotional state. The tests were done on the frst and the last day of rehabilitation. Research results. After physical therapy for women after breast cancer surgery, the range of motion of the upper extremity signifcantly increased: ﬂexion from 140 ± 26o to 167 ± 21o, extension from 41 ± 8o to 53 ± 7o, abduction from 131 ± 20o to 161 ± 26o; muscle strength signifcantly increased from 28 ± 4 kg to 30 ± 6 kg; edema signifcantly decreased from 114.1 ± 8.2 cm to 111.7 ± 11.6 cm; pain signifcantly decreased from 6 ± 2 to 3 ± 1 points. After physical therapy, psychoemotional state did not improve signifcantly. Conclusion. After physical therapy for women after breast cancer surgery, the range of motion of the upper extremity and muscle strength signifcantly increased, edema and pain signifcantly decreased, while psycho-emotional state did not improve signifcantly.Keywords: breast cancer, function of the upper extremity, edema, pain, psychoemotional state.
Effect of Tai Chi Exercises Treating Bronchial Asthma in 8–11-year-old Children
Authors: Jonelienė Romena , Dudonienė Vilma , Švėgždienė Ligita
Published: May 2019

Research background. Bronchial asthma is becoming a global health issue: it is an increasingly common illness diagnosed in very young children. It is believed that the majority of people develop this disease in the early childhood. Tai Chi, which is a Chinese martial art combining harmonious breathing and body movements, can help to reduce stress, relax and maintain body balance. In addition, it allows those with asthma to better control their asthmatic fts and to improve physical potential. Research aim was to assess the effect of Tai Chi exercises on the respiratory function of 8–11-year-old children with bronchial asthma. Methods. The research was performed at Public Sanatorium. Two groups, each consisting of 25 children aged 8–11 years suffering from bronchial asthma, underwent examination. The following spirometry indicators were measured and compared: peak expiratory ﬂow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). Schtange and Genchi specimen indicators were evaluated before and after 4 weeks intervention. The study group practiced Tai Chi exercises and the control group received regular physiotherapy in a gym. Results. All indicators of functional capacity of respiratory function after intervention increased in both groups statistically signifcantly, but there were no signifcant differences between groups. Conclusion. Both regular physiotherapy and Tai Chi exercises were equally effective in improving the respiratory function in children with asthma.Keywords: children, bronchial asthma, Tai Chi, physiotherapy
Is Nordic Walking more Effective than Walking without Poles Treating Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents
Authors: Plungytė Vyginta , Dudonienė Vilma , Varnienė Lina
Published: May 2019

Research background. Obesity is rampantly increasing throughout the world and needs to be detected and treated early to prevent non-communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Obesity in Lithuania has not reached epidemic proportions in comparison with other countries, but it is becoming a growing problem. Different exercise programs are used for obesity treatment. The research aim was to determine and compare the effect of Nordic walking and walking without poles on body composition and exercise tolerance in overweight and obese adolescents. Methods: 40 adolescents (20 boys, and 20 girls) from 12 to 16 years of age with overweight (BMI > 85 percentile) or obesity (BMI > 95 percentile) were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (Nordic walking) and control (walking without poles). Anthropometry, 6 min walk test were used, and VO2max was calculated. The study was carried out in a sanatorium where the duration of treatment was 3 weeks. All participants received hypocaloric diet controlled by dietitian. Results. After the intervention all measured indicators in Nordic walking and walk group got better respectively: body weight decreased by 2.91/2.32 kg, body mass index decreased by 0.99/0.84 kg/m², body fat percentage decreased by 2.03/1.51%, body muscle percentage increased by 0.80/0.54%, waist circumference decreased by 2.35/2.20 cm, hip circumference decreased by 1.85/1.60 cm, the 6-minute walk distance increased by 26.35/22.85 m, and maximum oxygen consumption increased by 0.74/0.64 ml/kg/min. Conclusions. After the intervention body mass index, body fat percentage, waist and hip circumference decreased signifcantly, body muscle percentage and exercise tolerance increased signifcantly in Nordic walk group as well as in walk group, but signifcant differences between these two groups were not observed. Nordic walking as well as walking without poles are effective means reducing body weight and increasing exercise tolerance, and can be used in obesity management.Keywords: obesity, BMI, adolescents, Nordic walking.
Effect of Physiotherapy on Back Pain and Function after the L4/L5 Disc Hernia Surgery
Authors: Štafėlaitė Eglė , Sipavičienė Saulė
Published: May 2019

Research background. A popular physiotherapy mean is spine stability exercises, but still not so many studies have been carried out about the benefts of this technique in patients after L4/L5 spinal hernia surgery during the acute period. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of spine stabilizing exercises in patients after spinal L4/L5 intervertebral disc hernia surgery for back pain and functional status. Methods. The motion of fear evaluation, using physical therapy questionnaire (TAMPA), functional disability evaluation, using Oswestry functional disability index questionnaire, pain assessment using a symptom assessment scale (SAS), lumbar spine motility measurement, using Sober test, static endurance measurement of the waist muscles. Results. After physical therapy program back pain and functional disability decreased, back and abdominal muscle endurance and lumbar spine mobility increased. Conclusions. The patients after spinal L4/L5 intervertebral disc hernia surgery low back pain decreased and functional disability increased after applied to the spine stabilization exercises.Keywords: intervertebral disc hernia, low back pain, spine stabilizing exercises.
The Influence of Preparatory Boxing Exercises on the Postural Stability and Hands Psychomotor Ability in Patients with Parkinson`s Disease
Authors: Brusokaitė Ugnė , Lendraitienė Eglė , Bružas Vidas
Published: May 2019

Research background. Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. As the incidence of Parkinson’s disease is increasing, more and more new and exciting physical therapy methods are being sought to help reduce the symptoms of the disease. Currently, training sessions for preparatory boxing exercises are becoming increasingly popular. The aim. In this study our goal was to determine the inﬂuence of preparatory boxing exercises in physical therapy on the postural stability and hands psychomotor ability in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methods. 22 volunteers with Parkinson’s disease participated in this research. Patients were divided into 2 groups: intervention group (n = 11) and control group (n = 11). Intervention group had preparatory boxing exercise for twice every week, for four months. No intervention was applied for control group. The Biodex Balance System was chosen to evaluate the postural stability and the RA-1 Reactiometer was used to assess the hand psychomotor reaction. Results. The four-month preparatory boxing exercises in physical therapy have signifcantly improved the statistical parameters of postural stability and hand psychomotor reaction in people with Parkinson’s disease (p < 0.05). In subjects with Parkinson’s disease, the indicators in the non-attendance program did not change. Conclusions. According to the results, along with the knowledge that all volunteers had completed the research, we can state that preparatory boxing exercise in physiotherapy is safe and eﬀective for patients with Parkinson’s disease, thus the inclusion of boxing excercise to be included in the physical therapy course is recommended.Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, preparatory boxing exercises, postural stability, hand psychomotor reaction.
Relationship between Sensory Integration, Postural Stability and Fall Risk Assessment Parameters Using Physical Therapy for Individuals after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Buraitytė Ugnė , Lendraitienė Eglė
Published: May 2019

Research background. Equilibrium and posture impairment is a common cause of collapse in individuals experiencing traumatic brain injury, which limits patient autonomy and independence in daily activities. Therefore, the recovery of balance is one of the primary goals of rehabilitation for individuals following the traumatic brain injury (Llorens et al., 2013). The aim was to determine the relationship between sensory integration, postural stability and fall risk assessment parameters using physiotherapy for individuals with traumatic brain injury. Methods. The study involved 16 people with traumatic brain injury. The subjects were divided into two groups – the frst one (n = 8) and the second one (n = 8). The frst group was taking 30 minutes regular physiotherapy and 30 minutes balance training with Biodex Balance System, second group – 30 min. regular physiotherapy and 30 minutes regular exercises for balance. Results. Changes in the postural stability index, anterior /posterior and medial/ lateral ﬂuctuation indexes, fall risk stability index and clinical sensory integration test index in both groups did not change statistically signifcant (p > 0.05). A strong, statistically signifcant direct relationship was found in the frst study group between the postural stability index and the ﬂuctuation of the anterior /posterior index changes (r = 0.922; p = 0.001). Conclusions. Physiotherapy using the Biodex Balance System and the usual physiotherapy is equally eﬀective in developing postural stability, sensory integration, and fall risk. The link between many of the studied indicators shows that postural stability, sensory integration and the risk of falls are related.Keywords: traumatic brain injury, sensory integration, postural stability, fall risk, physiotherapy.
Mirror Feedback Effect for Patients after Spinal Lumbar Disc Hernia Removal during the Secondary Rehabilitation Stage
Authors: Overlingaitė Ligita , Radzevičienė Eglė
Published: May 2019

Background. Literature does not provide sufcient data on the efciency of mirror feedback in physiotherapy as an additional measure for eﬀective recovery of patients after the spinal lumbar disc hernia removal surgery during the secondary rehabilitation stage. The aim of the study was to determine the eﬀectiveness of mirror feedback in physiotherapy after spinal lumbar disc hernia removal surgery during the 2nd stage of rehabilitation. Methods. Thirty patients participated in the study (19 men and 11 women). All participants were divided into two groups: the frst group performed stabilization exercises without a mirror and the second group performed stabilization exercises with a mirror. Patients performed stabilization exercises twice a day during the study. The study lasted 4 weeks. The assessment of the patients was carried out before and after rehabilitation treatment of 4 weeks in both groups. Research methodology included evaluation, statistical analysis. Research measurements involved pain intensity, the balance, the strength of leg muscle. Results. It was determined that in both groups pain evaluation measurements before physiotherapy diﬀered dramatically (p < 0.05). However, a considerable diﬀerence (p > 0.05) between groups was not identifed. Physiotherapy program eﬀect containing mirrored feedback was statistically signifcant (p < 0.05) in improving the research subjects’ dynamic gait balance. It was found out that after diﬀerent physiotherapy program activities leg muscle strength increased statistically signifcantly (p < 0.05) in both groups. Conclusions. It was discovered that in the group where participants were subjected to exercises with mirrored feedback the majority of evaluation measurements improved more than those in the group where participants were subjected to stabilization exercises without mirrored feedback.Keywords: physiotherapy, mirror feedback, intervertebral disc herniation, stabilization exercises.
O Presidente e o Professor: a defesa da paz, da não-intervenção e da
Authors: Machado Domingos Charles Sidarta
Published: May 2019

Recebido:  02/10/2018Aprovado:  25/11/2018Publicado: 10/12/2018Em outubro de 1962, o presidente John Fitzgerald Kennedy anunciava publicamente que a União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas tinha instalado mísseis nucleares em Cuba. Poucas horas antes, Kennedy havia comunicado a situação a todos os presidentes americanos – incluindo o brasileiro João Goulart – e solicitado apoio público as medidas tomadas pelos Estados Unidos da América naquele que era o momento de maior tensão em toda a Guerra Fria. O que o presidente John Kennedy não contava, entretanto, era que a posição do governo Goulart constituísse um obstáculo para os interesses dos Estados Unidos. Através de seus pronunciamentos públicos e mesmo pela troca de correspondência privada com o presidente estadunidense, o presidente João Goulart dizia não ao poderoso presidente dos EUA e continuava enfatizando a defesa da paz, a não-intervenção e autodeterminação dos povos, pedras angulares da sua Política Externa Independente. O que o presidente do Brasil não podia saber, contudo, é que sua negativa ante a solicitação do presidente dos Estados Unidos ensejaria uma nova relação entre os dois países, propiciando as condições internacionais que acabariam fortalecendo a conjuntura política que teria como resultado final o golpe de 1964. Palavras-chave: Governo João Goulart; Crise dos Mísseis; Política Externa Independente; Francisco San Tiago Dantas; Guerra Fria
OBEZ BİREYLERDE DAVRANIŞ DEĞİŞİMİ: Transteoretik model yaklaşımı
Authors: MENEKLİ Tuğba , FADILOĞLU Çiçek , ŞENUZUN AYKAR Fisun
Published: May 2019

Obezite, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından
"Sağlığı bozacak ölçüde vücutta anormal veya aşırı yağ birikmesi"
olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Son yıllarda tüm dünyada obezitenin görülme sıklığı
giderek artmaktadır. Obez bireylerin genetik yapısını değiştirmek mümkün olmasa
da yeme alışkanlığı fiziksel aktivite düzeyi değiştirilerek, sağlıklı yaşam
davranışları kazandırılabilmektedir. Bireylerin sağlık davranışlarını
açıklamaya yönelik birçok model geliştirilmiştir. TM, James Prochaska ve Carlo
Diclemente (1983) tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Model, davranış değişiminin
sonuçtan çok süreç olduğunu, değişimi kolaylaştırmak için bireyin içinde
bulunduğu değişim aşamasına uygun olan girişimler kullanılması gerektiğini
savunur. TM’ye dayalı bilgilendirme ve danışmanlık programının lipid profiline,
Beslenme ve Egzersiz Değişimlerine olan etkisini değerlendirmek amacı ile
uygulamalı(bağımsız eş zamanlı uygulama-kontrol) bir çalışma olarak
yapılmıştır.

Uygulama ve kontrol grubu arasında beslenme değişim
süreçleri ölçeği, egzersiz değişim süreçleri ölçeği ve Rhode Island
Üniversitesi Değişimi değerlendirme ölçeği toplam puan ortalamalarında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu (p<0.05), ön izlem-son izlem
farkının uygulama grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p<0.01), kontrol
grubunda ise anlamlı olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0.05).Uygulama grubu
bireylerin %26.7’sinde değişim aşamasında gerileme,%56.7’sinde değişim
aşamasında ilerleme belirlenirken, %16.6’sında aşama değişimi olmamıştır.
Kontrol grubu bireylerin %50.0’sinde değişim aşamasında gerileme, %16.7’sinde
değişim aşamasında ilerleme belirlenirken, %33.3’ünde aşama değişimi
olmamıştır.

Obez hastalara yönelik TM doğrultusunda
hazırlanmış bireysel danışmanlık hemşirelik girişimlerinin beslenme ve egzersiz
davranış değişiminin sağlanmasında etkili ve yararlı olduğu saptanmıştır.