bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global reliability sensitivity analysis of motion mechanisms
Authors: Wei Pengfei , Song Jingwen , Lu Zhenzhou
Published: February 2016

The kinematic failure of a mechanism is commonly caused by the random input errors such as the errors of component dimensions and motion inputs. For identifying the main source of the failure probability, the global reliability sensitivity analysis is introduced. The method is based on decomposing the variance of the failure domain indicator function into partial variances of increasing orders, which enable attributing the failure probability to each of the random input errors and their interactions. Then the analytical solutions of the global reliability sensitivity indices are derived based on the first-order Taylor series expansion of the motion error function. Compared with the traditional local reliability sensitivity indices, the global reliability sensitivity analysis technique has two main merits. First, it is more suitable for ranking the importance of random input errors and identifying the source of failure probability. Second, it provides not only the individual effect of each random input error on the failure probability but also their interaction and total effects. The engineering significance of the global reliability sensitivity indices as well as the effectiveness of the analytical method for computing the global reliability sensitivity indices are demonstrated with a four-bar sine function generator mechanism and a rack-and-pinion steering linkage.
When the Fourth Estate Becomes a Fifth Column
Authors: Hutchison Marc L. , Schiano Salvatore , Whitten-Woodring Jenifer
Published: February 2016

Media freedom is typically viewed as crucial to democracy and development. The idea is that independent news media will facilitate free and fair elections and shine a spotlight on corruption—thereby serving as a fourth estate. Yet political leaders often justify restricting media freedom on the grounds that irresponsible news coverage will incite political violence—potentially undermining government and in effect acting as a fifth column. So is media freedom a force for democracy or a source of civil conflict? We hypothesize that the effect of media freedom on civil conflict is conditioned by a country’s level of intolerance. Specifically, we predict when social intolerance is low, media freedom will discourage domestic conflict because the tone of the news coverage will reflect the level of tolerance and ameliorate any inflammatory coverage. In contrast, we predict that high levels of social intolerance will fuel and be fueled by inflammatory news coverage if the media are free, thereby promoting civil conflict. We test our hypotheses across countries and over time drawing from World Values and European Values Surveys and the Global Media Freedom Dataset and find that the combination of media freedom and high social intolerance is associated with increased civil conflict.
Prediction of functional outcome in patients with convulsive status epilepticus: the END-IT score
Authors: Gao Qiong , Ou-Yang Tang-peng , Sun Xiao-long , Yang Feng , Wu Chen , Kang Tao , Kang Xiao-gang , Jiang Wen
Published: February 2016

Background

Prediction of the functional outcome for patients with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) has been a challenge. The aim of this study was to characterize the prognostic factors and functional outcomes of patients after CSE in order to develop a practicable scoring system for outcome prediction.

Methods

We performed a retrospective explorative analysis on consecutive patients diagnosed with CSE between March, 2008 and November, 2014 in a tertiary academic medical center in northwest China. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to measure the functional outcome at three months post discharge.

Results

A total of 132 CSE patients was included, with a median age of 25.5 years and 60.6 % were male. Three months post discharge, an unfavorable outcome with mRS of 3–6 was seen in 62 (47.0 %) patients, 25 (18.9 %) of whom died. Logistic regression analysis revealed that encephalitis (p = 0.029), nonconvulsive SE (p = 0.018), diazepam resistance (p = 0.005), image abnormalities (unilateral lesions, p = 0.027; bilateral lesions or diffuse cerebral edema, p < 0.001) and tracheal intubation (p = 0.032) were significant independent predictors for unfavorable outcomes. Based on the coefficients in the model, these predictors were assigned a value of 1 point each, with the exception of the image, creating a 6-point scoring system, which we refer to as END-IT, for the outcome prediction of CSE. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the END-IT score was 0.833 and using a cut-off point of 3 produced the highest sum sensitivity (83.9 %) and specificity (68.6 %). Compared with status epilepticus severity score (STESS) and Epidemiology-based Mortality score in SE (EMSE), END-IT score showed better discriminative power and predictive accuracy for the outcome prediction.

Conclusions

We developed an END-IT score with a strong discriminative power for predicting the functional outcome of CSE patients. External prospective validation in different cohorts is needed for END-IT score.
Cognitive and affective theory of mind in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Heitz Camille , Noblet Vincent , Phillipps Clélie , Cretin Benjamin , Vogt Natacha , Philippi Nathalie , Kemp Jennifer , de Petigny Xavier , Bilger Mathias , Demuynck Catherine , Martin-Hunyadi Catherine , Armspach Jean-Paul , Blanc Frédéric
Published: February 2016

Background

Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the ability to attribute mental states, thoughts (cognitive component) or feelings (affective component) to others. This function has been studied in many neurodegenerative diseases; however, to our knowledge, no studies investigating ToM in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) have been published. The aim of our study was to assess ToM in patients with DLB and to search for neural correlates of potential deficits.

Methods

Thirty-three patients with DLB (DLB group) and 15 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD group), all in the early stage of the disease, as well as 16 healthy elderly control subjects (HC group), were included in the study. After a global cognitive assessment, we used the Faux Pas Recognition (FPR) test, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RME) test and Ekman’s Facial Emotion Recognition test to assess cognitive and affective components of ToM. Patients underwent cerebral 3-T magnetic resonance imaging, and atrophy of grey matter was analysed using voxel-based morphometry. We performed a one-sample t test to investigate the correlation between each ToM score and grey matter volume and a two-sample t test to compare patients with DLB impaired with those non-impaired for each test.

Results

The DLB group performed significantly worse than the HC group on the FPR test (P = 0.033) and the RME test (P = 0.015). There was no significant difference between the AD group and the HC group or between the DLB group and the AD group. Some brain regions were associated with ToM impairments. The prefrontal cortex, with the inferior frontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex, was the main region, but we also found correlations with the temporoparietal junction, the precuneus, the fusiform gyrus and the insula.

Conclusions

This study is the first one to show early impairments of ToM in DLB. The two cognitive and affective components both appear to be affected in this disease. Among patients with ToM difficulties, we found atrophy in brain regions classically involved in ToM, which reinforces the neuronal network of ToM. Further studies are now needed to better understand the neural basis of such impairment.
THEORETICAL QUESTIONS OF DEFINING THE ESSENCE OF GRAIN PRODUCTS SUBCOMPLEX OF AGROINDUSTRY
Authors: Амирова  , Amirova Elmira
Published: February 2016

The article presents different points of view on the essence of the authors of the concept of “product subcomplex”. The paper considers theoretical aspects of the methodological approaches to the determination of the composition and structure of the national grain products subcompleks.
CAUSES OF DISPUTE ON THE RESULTS OF CADASTRAL LAND VALUATION OF SETTLEMENTS
Authors: Ибрагимов  , Ibragimov Linar , Сабитов  , Sabitov Linar
Published: February 2016

The debate about the size of the cadastral value appears almost after each cadastral valuation in the subjects of the Russian Federation. This article shows an overview of the causes of a dispute on the example of the results of cadastral land valuation of settlements.
IMPACT OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEEDS BY EHF (EXTREMELY-HIGH FREQUENCIES) ON INFESTATION OF PLANTS BY DISEASES AND WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Гарифуллина  , Garifullina Liana , Таланов  , Talanov Ivan , Каримова  , Karimova Liliya
Published: February 2016

Under the sharp increase of energy costs, man-made pollution of agro-ecosystems we need find environmentally safe and cost-effective material and energy resources. As an alternative, new nanotechnology SHF (superhigh frequency) and EHF (extremely-hifh frequencies) of preplant seed treatment are introduced, as an alternative to chemical methods. Among the promising agricultural practices, that have a stimulating effect on plant growth and development, should include the use of electric and magnetic fields, which are used as for pre-sowing preparation of seeds and during the growing season by increasing the resistance of plants to stress factors and an increase in the utilization rate of nutrient substances from soil. The research has shown, that under the influence of the electromagnetic field there is a mobilization of power and release of the energy reserves of an organism, the physiological and biochemical processes in the early stages of seeds germination are activated, there is an increase of intro-changably processes and a steady increase of germinative energy, capacity, initial growth froce, spring and summer survival rate, which favorably affect the entire subsequent period of plant development. The aim of our research is the introduction of short-wave technology in agriculture in wheat cultivation. The results of our studies showed, that in the Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan the presowing seed treatment with “EHF - 15 meters + Vialt - 2 kilogram per ton + Tsirkon10 millilitre per ton”, reduced the infestation of seeds compared with seed treatment option without Bipolaris sorokiniana 11.9 times, Fusarium spp. 12.8 times, Alternaria spp. - 7.5 times and the musty seeds in 5.2 times. In this option, we noted the minimal plant damage by phytopathogens, compared to the control one, the spread of root rots in the phase of wax ripeness decreased to 13%, leafy mycoses - to 9%. The use of electromagnetic influence (EHF) for 15 minutes + protectant + growth stimulator increases the winter wheat productivity to 0.46 and 0.48 tons per hectare. Application of calculated doses of NPK of 4.0 tons per hectare increases crop yield to 1.31-1.37 tons per hectare.
Ideological Constancy of Law
Authors: CHyernobyel Gyenrikh
Published: February 2016

The article is devoted to reviewing the issue of ideology — legal ideology, political ideology, and their interrelationship. The development of social relationships is influenced by the theoretical origins of ideology, their scientific adjustment and value. The author points out that legal ideology is the key to understanding the law as a universal regulatory phenomenon in the system of social relations and its importance is in the legal state which is recognized constitutionally. The author gives etymological meaning of “militia” and “police” in order to show how deeply the amendments of law have influenced Russian mentality. The author comes to the conclusion that the Constitution is the founding document — the official ideology, based on the ideas, basic principles, standards of generic value which legalize the “tonality” of existing legislation and public administration. At the present moment there is a need to develop a strategic legal ideology aimed the ideological unity of Russian citizens forming a democratic legal state.
To a Question of Legal Pluralism
Authors: Biryukov Sergey
Published: February 2016

The causes and necessity of use of the notion “legal pluralism” in interbranch disciplines (in connection to jurisprudence) including sociology of law, anthropology of law, scientific direction “law and society” are disclosed in this article. This notion is fully formed way of reflection in law including a key contradiction between law in juridical meaning and other social law in non-juridical humanity sciences. In this article the pluralism in strong and weak meaning is analyzed as well as the opportunity of pluralism in juridical law (poliyuridizm), pluralism in juridical and other social law, pluralism in social law, meaning of appropriate facts for person and juridical practice. The attention is also paid to distinctive particulars of primary social law and its influence on juridical law.
Problem of State Sovereignty and its Reflection in the Doctrine of Leon Duguit and Raymond Carre de Malberg
Authors: Romanovskaya Vera
Published: February 2016

The current article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of state sovereignty. For the purpose of resolving complicated scientific and practical problems of modern times the authors of the article draw the readers’ attention to the necessity of referring to the investigation of historical experience which received its categorial and conceptual reflection in different political and legal theories and conceptions. In connection with it, the authors of the article consider the little-studied views of two outstanding French academic lawyers Leon Duguit and Raymond Carre de Malberg, who lived in the second half of the XIX — the first half of the XX century, on the problem of state sovereignty, popular sovereignty, and national sovereignty. The authors bring to light the similarities and differences of views on the notion and legal nature of sovereignty, analyze critical remarks about the theory of popular and national sovereignty made by L. Duguit and R. Carre de Malberg. The authors of the article come to a conclusion about the importance of maintaining the notion “state sovereignty” as the key value component of the modern world order, including both the area of international law and the internal political sphere of state.
Legally Significant Representations in Civil Law of Russia
Authors: Khokhlov Vadim
Published: February 2016

Legally meaningful assurances that are legally significant variety of applications and which are provided for in a new item 4312 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, should be evaluated as an independent civil construction that is not included in the contract, but challenging its conclusion. It is argued that although regulatory structure representations of domestic law and received from the Anglo-American law, it has its own original character. The requirements to the information component of the assurances of the said article of the Civil Code are formulated. It is noted that the scope of representation is limited, as you can still use conventional instruments of influence, including the use of well-known remedies. Assurances do not create obligations, but give rise to enforcement relations. Another component representation — a sanction. The responsibility basis under this item of the Civil Code is not the weaknesses of goods or other violations of obligations, but namely unreliable information about certain circumstances.
Legal Description of the Contracts Concluded in the Internet
Authors: Abdudzhalilov Abdudzhabar
Published: February 2016

The article is devoted to the problem of e-contracts performed in the virtual space of the Internet. Based on the analysis of the legal entity of electronic contracts, the main of which are the agreements on performance of information services, the author comes to the conclusion about the institutional failure of contractual relations and the absence of regulations regulation of such relations. In the virtual space of the Internet for real agreements of uncompensated services that contribute to radical change theoretical-methodological character on the entire institution of the law of obligations. For this reason liability law the notion of “paid” should have their alternative price. Formula “grant only real contract of a particular type — gift, loan” in theoretical terms obsolete. Instead operates formula grant also consensual contracts of a certain type, by which we mean the set of contracts on rendering services in the virtual space. Offers specific regulatory measures to fill the legislative gaps in this area.
Execution of Several Administrative Punishments
Authors: Seleznev Vladimir
Published: February 2016

Increasing of efficacy of judicial acts proceedings is an actual problem of the governmental management. There are many changes that have been inserted in Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Violations, nevertheless there are questions about legal norms certainty, legal regulation system conformity including the part of administrative punishment execution. Several questions concerning execution of these kinds of administrative punishments such as administrative financial penalty, administrative suspension of activities, administrative exile of foreign citizen or stateless person outside the Russian Federation, compulsory work are considered in the article. The attention is paid to problems of legislation imperfection that regulates the order of judicial acts proceedings in cases on administrative violations, which can tend to violations of warranties in governmental protection of rights, liberties and legitimate interests of people. The author has formulated the suggestions about making amendments to Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Violations in order to increase the efficacy of law-enforcement activity in judicial acts proceedings.
Prosecutor in the Court of Cassation in Criminal Cases
Authors: Byertovskiy Lyev , Gekhova Dina
Published: February 2016

Federal Law No. 433-FZ «On Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the Annulment of Certain Legislative Acts (Provisions of Legislative Acts) of the Russian Federation» entered into force since January 1, 2013 in relation to the powers of prosecutors to lodge cassation representations against court’s decisions is under review in the article. The authors analyse judicial practice of cassation instance in Moscow City Court of 2014 year on criminal cases and demonstrate some omissions of prosecutors in consideration of cases in the court of cassation. The conclusion shows that a cassation representation should be prepared and submitted by subordinate to higher prosecutor, provided that public prosecutor shall obtain the right to apply directly to that prosecutor who has the right to lodge a cassation representation along with the project thereof. Such novel will positively influence to the quality of cassation representations prepared and made by prosecutors.
Minimum Advertised Pricing: Patterns of Violation in Competitive Retail Markets
Authors: Israeli Ayelet , Anderson Eric T. , Coughlan Anne T.
Published: February 2016

Manufacturers in many industries frequently use vertical price policies, such as minimum advertised price (MAP), to influence prices set by downstream retailers. Although manufacturers expect retail partners to comply with MAP policies, violations of MAP are common in practice. In this research, we document and explain both the extent and the depth of MAP policy violations. We also shed light on how retailers vary in their propensity to violate MAP policies, and the depth by which they do so.

Our inductive research approach documents managerial wisdom about MAP practices. We confront these insights from practice with a large empirical study that includes hundreds of products sold through hundreds of retailers. Consistent with managerial wisdom, we find that authorized retailers are more likely to comply with MAP than are unauthorized partners. By contrast to managerial wisdom, we find that authorized and unauthorized markets are largely separate, and that violations in the authorized channel have a small association with violations in the unauthorized channel. Last, we link our results to the literatures on agency theory, transaction cost analysis, and theories of price obfuscation.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0933.
Physiological Correlates of Maternal Responsivity in Mothers of Preschoolers With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Robinson Ashley N. , Roberts Jane E. , Brady Nancy C. , McQuillin Samuel D. , Warren Steven F.
Published: February 2016

The present study examined the relationship between salivary cortisol and maternal responsiveness in mothers of boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Maternal responsivity is strongly associated with child outcomes, and children with FXS are at risk for compromised development due to intellectual disability and problem behavior. Increased understanding of the nature and underlying mechanisms of maternal responsivity in FXS is important to optimize outcomes in children with FXS and contribute to improved family cohesion. Data from 36 mother-child dyads indicated a complex age effect with elevated cortisol levels associated with high maternal responsivity scores when children are young and low responsivity scores when children are older. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Reading Skills in Down Syndrome: An Examination of Orthographic Knowledge
Authors: Loveall Susan J. , Conners Frances A.
Published: February 2016

The primary goal of this study was to examine the word identification domain of the Simple View of Reading in participants with Down syndrome (DS) by comparing them to participants with typical development (TD) matched on word identification ability. Two subskills, phonological recoding and orthographic knowledge, were measured. Results revealed that individuals with DS performed similarly to controls on 2 measures of orthographic knowledge, but more poorly on phonological recoding and a third measure of orthographic knowledge. The first two orthographic tasks included real words as stimuli; the third task used letter patterns, not real words. These results suggest that individuals with DS may have a relative strength in word-specific orthographic knowledge but not in general orthographic knowledge.
Quality of work life perceived by nurses and their organizational commitment level
Authors: Eren Handan , Hisar Filiz
Published: February 2016

Purpose: Quality of work life affects employees' commitment towards the organization. It is a concept that closely interests both the employees and the organization. The present study was conducted in a descriptive form for the purpose of determining nurses' work life quality and their organizational commitment levels. Materials and methods: The population of the study consists of the nurses working in a university hospital and no further sampling method was implemented. A total of 163 nurses participated in the study. The data were collected between August and December 2012 through the use of the "Organizational Commitment Questionnaire" and the "Quality of Nursing Work Life Survey", a descriptive questionnaire that covers the socio-demographic and work life characteristics of the participants. Student's t-tests, Tukey multiple comparison test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and Pearson correlation analysis method were utilized in the evaluation of the collected data.Results: In the study it was determined that the nurses' work life quality and their organizational commitment are at medium levels.  It was also determined that there is a positive and statistically significant relation between work life quality and organizational commitment.Conclusion: It is suggested to implement applications that would enhance nurses work life quality.
Übersetzung als komplexer kognitiv basierter Prozess
Authors: Legutko-Marszałek Iwona
Published: February 2016

The following article concentrates on cognitive aspects of the translation. We are interestedin course of the translation process in the brain, which is one of the most complicated processes connected with language. It integrates not only the linguistic perception and production,but also code-switching. During the translation process occurs activation of the linguistic information organized in mental lexicon, along with the nonlinguistic knowledge stored in other components of the memory.
Pilot Evaluation of Integrating GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou with GPS in Araim
Authors: El-Mowafy Ahmed
Published: February 2016

In this pilot study, availability of the Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) when integrating various combinations of satellite constellations including; Galileo, GLONASS and BeiDou with GPS is investigated. The Multiple Hypothesis Solution Separation method was applied using one month of real data. The data was collected at stations of known positions, located in regions that have different coverage levels by the tested constellations. While most previous studies used simulated data, the importance of using real data is twofold. It allows for the use of actual User Range Accuracy (URA) received within the satellite navigation message, which is a fundamental component for computation of the integrity protection level; and the computation of vertical position errors to validate the integrity approach. Results show that the vertical position error was always bounded by the protection level during the test period and the ARAIM availability can reach 100% of the time when using all constellations even though some constellations are yet incomplete.
Development of a smart IUD launcher for prevention of uterine perforation
Authors: Al-Ashwal Rania Hussein , Aziz Noor Afatin Che , Nooh Syed Mohd
Published: February 2016

Intrauterine contraception is a widely used, highly effective and reversible means of birth control. One potential disadvantage with the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) is the risk of uterine perforation. During the process of IUD insertion, there is a possibility to perforate the wall of the uterus during which health workers might injure the fundus of the uterus, due to inadequate knowledge or insufficient training. This paper discusses the development of a smart IUD launcher insertion system that would be used to prevent perforation of the uterine wall by detecting a specific distance to the wall for the safe release of the IUD using a sensor. Several launcher prototypes were developed prior to the final version of the IUD launcher. The results from testing experiments, that have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed device, show that the sensor is able to detect a distance up to 5 mm and is also capable of detecting the distance to the target even in high viscosity liquid. The developed prototype promises a solution for more accurate IUD insertion that could be used as a training module for health care providers, helping remove fear from using this long-lasting contraceptive method and promote an affordable modern contraceptive method to society.
Ironija ir žaismė Oskaro Milašiaus kūryboje
Authors: Dručkutė Genovaitė
Published: February 2016

Le but de cet article est d’analyser les formes d’ironie et de jeu dans Très simple histoire d’un Monsieur Trix-Trix, pitre et le vaudeville Le Revenant malgré lui, écrit en collaboration avec Francis de Miomandre. Dans ces deux oeuvres l’auteur a recours aux moyens différents d’(auto)ironie et aux diverses formes de comisme. Ce sont des allusions ironiques des images poétiques de Milosz ou la parodie des tendances littéraires de la fin du XIXe – du début du XXe siècle. Le personnage du pitre acquiert des traits d’alter-ego ou de masque du narrateur de l’histoire. Dans les parties du vaudeville attribuées à Milosz, des situations absurdes, une large utilisation du jeu de mots et d’expressions, l’imitation des accents étrangers correspondent aux exigences du genre comique. La présence active de l’auteur dans les deux textes révèle un point de vue ironique envers sont identité de créateur et constitue un rapport avec son oeuvre sans cesse renouvelé. Le discours ludique complète les significations de l’oeuvre de Milosz.
Conservação in vitro de mangabeira da região nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Sá Aline de Jesus , Lédo Ana da Silva , Lédo Carlos Alberto da Silva
Published: February 2016

A mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) é uma espécie cujas regiões de ocorrência natural vêm sofrendo grande pressão antrópica, a qual está provocando erosão genética em muitas populações nativas, principalmente da região Nordeste. Em virtude da existência de poucas coleções de mangabeira conservadas ex situ, evidencia-se a importância do desenvolvimento de um método alternativo e complementar para a conservação de germoplasma dessa espécie. A utilização de técnicas de cultura de tecidos de plantas para a conservação de recursos genéticos apresenta diversas vantagens sobre a conservação de germoplasma no campo, destacando-se a economia de recursos financeiros para a manutenção das coleções, redução de riscos fitossanitários e intempéries climáticas. Por esse motivo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de regulador osmótico (manitol) e inibidor de crescimento (ácido abscísico) na conservação in vitro de microestacas de mangabeira por crescimento lento. As culturas foram mantidas em meio MS com 3% de sacarose e 0,6% de agar. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em sala de crescimento com temperatura variando de 26±2°C, umidade relativa do ar média em torno de 70% e fotoperíodo de 12 horas de luz branca fria (52µmol m-2 s-1 de irradiância). Foram avaliadas cinco concentrações de manitol (0, 10, 15 e 20g L-1). Na presença de manitol, o comprimento da parte aérea apresentou valores numéricos inferiores à testemunha, mas, aos 90 dias de cultivo in vitro, foi observado efeito deletério do manitol nas microestacas. Em relação ao ácido abscísico, foram testadas cinco concentrações (0; 0,5; 1; 2 e 4mg L-1) em interação com dois tipos de vedação de frascos (tampa plástica rosqueada e papel alumínio) e dois tipos de explantes (microestacas apicais e basais). O ácido abscísico (0,5mg L 1) apresentou melhores resultados para a conservação in vitro de microestacas de plântulas de mangabeira cultivadas em frascos vedados com papel alumínio. Não houve efeito significativo do tipo de explante.
Revising and Validating Achievement Emotions Questionnaire - Teachers (AEQ-T)
Authors: Hong Ji , Nie Youyan , Heddy Benjamin , Monobe Gumiko , Ruan Jiening , You Sula , Kambara Hitomi
Published: February 2016

Achievement Emotions Questionnaire - Teachers (AEQ-T) measures teachers’ anger, anxiety, and enjoyment related to instruction. The purpose of this research is to revise and validate AEQ-T to include pride and frustration. Also, this study aimed to replicate previous research on anger, anxiety, and enjoyment and validate this expanded measure in an Asian context. The revised AEQ-T was tested using Exploratory Factor Analysis for 150 Japanese teachers, and then cross-validated with 208 Korean teachers using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results showed that four emotions of anger, anxiety, enjoyment, and pride had acceptable levels of internal consistency and clear factor structure. However, frustration items had low reliability and cross-loaded with anger factor. This study provides empirical evidences to include pride to measure teachers’ emotions, and suggests the need to develop a more refined understanding and distinction between anger and frustration.
Self-Regulation of Behaviour: Students Versus other Adults
Authors: Jakesova Jitka , Gavora Peter , Kalenda Jan
Published: February 2016

The objective of this research is to compare self-regulation of behaviour of two Czech samples. The first one was the representative sample of Czech adults that consisted of 1060 respondents. The second sample was university students and consisted of 1244 respondents. The measuring tool was an adapted Self-Regulation Questionnaire of which two dimensions were used: Goal Orientation and Impulsivity. The findings showed no statistically significant differences between the two samples in either of the dimensions. Goal Orientation scores were higher than Impulsivity scores, which was in line with our assumptions. There were no statistically significant differences in Goal Orientation scores between genders, with the exception of prevalence of females in the student sample. Age appeared to be an important factor that affects scores in Goal Orientation in both samples, while in Impulsivity it only differentiated among the students. The level of education proved to be an important factor that differentiates among those with high and low impulsivity rather than in goal orientation
How can I help my students with learning disabilities in Mathematics?
Authors: Jiménez-Fernández Gracia
Published: February 2016

Learning Disabilities in Mathematics (LDM) or dyscalculia are a frequent and disruptive problem within schools. Nevertheless, this problem has received little attention from researchers and practitioners, if compared with the number of studies published on disabilities in reading. Therefore, teachers do not have enough guidance to help children overcome their difficulties. Consequently, educators, practitioners and teachers are in need ofsome guidelines which help them choose teaching methods that are adapted for children with LDM. This paper proposes an interventional framework for improving skills in children who show problems in learning basic mathematics. Concretely, it suggests some guidelines which are focused on number sense and problem solving, two of the most important mathematical areas.
Estudio de caso sobre el anális didáctico realizado en un trabajo final de un máster para profesores de matemáticas en servicio
Authors: Breda Adriana , Lima Valderez Marina do Rosário
Published: February 2016

Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar las características del análisis didáctico realizado por profesores del Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional (PROFMAT), para justificar que sus propuestas didácticas son innovadoras y representan una mejora con relación a la enseñanza de las matemáticas que se realiza habitualmente. Para ello se presenta un estudio de caso de un profesor que ha planificado e implementado una propuesta didáctica innovadora. La primera conclusión es que el análisis didáctico realizado por este profesor se basa en el uso implícito de algunos de los componentes y descriptores de la idoneidad didáctica propuestos por el Enfoque Ontosemiótico de la Cognición e Instrucción Matemática. Se concluye también que, aunque la justificación que realiza el profesor estudiado evidencia el uso implícito de algunos de estos componentes y descriptores, no llega a ser una reflexión bien estructurada ni demasiado elaborada.
Developing the Role of a Health Information Professional in a Clinical Research Setting
Authors: Seeley Helen M. , Urquhart Christine , Hutchinson Peter , Pickard John
Published: February 2016

Objective - This paper examines the role of a health information professional in a large multidisciplinary project to improve services for head injury.

Methods - An action research approach was taken, with the information professional acting as co-ordinator. Change management processes were guided by theory and evidence. The health information professional was responsible for an ongoing literature review on knowledge management (clinical and political issues), data collection and analysis (from patient records), collating and comparing data (to help develop standards), and devising appropriate dissemination strategies.

Results - Important elements of the health information management role proved to be 1) co-ordination; 2) setting up mechanisms for collaborative learning through information sharing; and 3) using the theoretical frameworks (identified from the literature review) to help guide implementation. The role that emerged here has some similarities to the informationist role that stresses domain knowledge, continuous learning and working in context (embedding). This project also emphasised the importance of co-ordination, and the ability to work across traditional library information analysis (research literature discovery and appraisal) and information analysis of patient data sets (the information management role).

Conclusion - Experience with this project indicates that health information professionals will need to be prepared to work with patient record data and synthesis of that data, design systems to co-ordinate patient data collection, as well as critically appraise external evidence.
Looking and Listening: A Mixed-Methods Study of Space Use and User Satisfaction
Authors: Holder Sara , Lange Jessica
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objective – This study was designed to assess users' reactions to two newly re-designed spaces – one intended for quiet study and the other for group study – in the busiest library branch of a large research university. The researchers sought to answer the following questions: For which activity (group work, quiet study, and lounging or relaxing) do the users feel the space is most effective? Which furniture pieces do users prefer and for which activities? How are these spaces being used?

Methods – Researchers used a mixed-methods approach for this study. Two methods – surveys and comment boards – were used to gather user feedback on preference for use of the space and users’ feelings about particular furniture types. A third method – observation – was used to determine which of the particular areas and furniture pieces occupants were using most, for which activities the furniture was most commonly used, and what types of possessions occupants most often carried with them.

Results – User opinion indicated that each of the spaces assessed was most effective for the type of activity for which it was designed. Of the 80% of respondents that indicated they would use the quiet study space for quiet study, 91% indicated that the space was either "very effective" or "effective" for that purpose. The survey results also indicated that 47% of the respondents would use the group study space for that purpose. The observation data confirmed that the quiet study space was being used primarily for individual study; however, the data for the group study space showed equal levels of use for individual and group study. Users expressed a preference for traditional furniture, such as tables and desk chairs, over comfortable pieces for group work and for quiet study. One exception was a cushioned reading chair that was the preferred item for quiet study in 23% of the responses. The white boards were chosen as a preferred item for group study by 27% of respondents. The observations showed similar results for group study, with the three table types and the desk chair being used most often. The lounge chairs and couch grouping was used most often for individual study, followed by the tables and desk chairs.

Conclusion – By combining user feedback gathered through surveys and comment boards with usage patterns determined via observation data, the researchers were able to answer the questions for which their assessment was designed. Results were analyzed to compare user-stated preferences with actual behaviour and were used to make future design decisions for other library spaces. Although the results of this study are institutionally specific, the methodology could be successfully applied in other library settings.
Independent Searching During One-Shot Information Literacy Instruction Sessions: Is It an Effective Use of Time?
Authors: Willson Rebekah
Published: February 2016

Objective – To test the assumption that giving students time to research independently during a one-shot information literacy instruction (ILI) session, combined with scaffolding, is an effective pedagogical practice and a good use of class time.

Methods – The study was conducted at a student-focused, four-year undergraduate institution with 8,500 full load equivalent students. Following brief, focused instruction in 10 different ILI sessions, first-, second-, and third-year students in 80-minute one-shot ILI sessions were given time to research independently. The librarian and instructor were present to scaffold the instruction students received. Students were asked to track the research they did during class using a research log and to fill out a short Web survey about their preparedness to do research and the usefulness of the ILI session.

Results – Students agreed to have 83 research logs and 73 Web surveys included in the study. Students indicated that they felt more prepared to do research for their assignment after the ILI session and rated individual help from the librarian as the most useful aspect of the instruction session. Students did not rate independent time to do research as valuable as anticipated. Examining the research logs indicated that several things are taking place during the ILI session, including that students are demonstrating what was taught in the session in their searches, that their searches are progressing in complexity, and that students are using feedback from previous searches to inform the formulation of search queries. While students appear to be putting independent search time to good use, many students’ articulation of their thesis statement remains poor and searches continue to be fairly simplistic.

Conclusions – This study gives evidence that giving independent research time in ILI sessions, with scaffolding, is an effective use of class time. The study also demonstrates that the majority of students are able to use what is taught during classes and that they are using class time effectively, though searching remains fairly simple. The focus of ILI sessions is on skill development, and future research should be on integrating IL into the curriculum to develop more complex skills and thinking needed in the research process.
Access All Areas: Exploring the Use of Library and IT Facilities by University of Salford Pre-registration Diploma Nurses During Periods of Clinical Practice Placement
Authors: Raynor Mike
Published: February 2016

Objective - To assess the scale of library and IT resource access issues reported anecdotally by nursing students on clinical placement. To map patterns of IT and library usage behaviour to inform future service plans for this population of students.

Methods - A multi-response self-completion questionnaire administered on a group basis to 78 pre-registration Diploma Nursing students.

Results - The survey group were heavy users of library and IT facilities while on placement (87% of respondents accessed library and IT facilities at least once per week). Survey respondents encountered barriers to accessing these resources, including lack of awareness of local facilities, lack of time to access facilities, supervisors’ attitudes towards use of library and IT facilities by placement students, and feeling inadequately prepared for accessing and using resources at a distance from the university. Respondents relied heavily on facilities in the placement location and university facilities and responses suggest that use by location was strongly linked to resource format. Use of public library facilities to support study while on placement was revealed by the survey. Respondents’ main source of help for library and IT issues was clinical mentors. The survey indicated that the experience of library and IT access varied greatly with location of placement venue. The study was limited in eliciting more detail about location-specific experiences and findings need to be explored further with respondents using focus group methodology.

Conclusions – Library and IT access problems encountered by the pre-registration nursing students included in this survey were not large scale. Although there is no evidence of behaviour to circumvent systemic problems, the study identified small but significant barriers. Five recommendations addressing these barriers will require collaborative service planning between University of Salford and National Health Service (NHS) learning resource staff to implement. This collaboration needs to include service users and the practice mentors who support them on clinical placement.
Learning in Simulations: Examining the Effectiveness of Information Literacy Instruction Using Middle School Students’ Portfolio Products
Authors: Newell Terrance S.
Published: February 2016

Objective –This study compared the effectiveness of simulation-based and didactic instructional approaches in improving students’ understanding of information literacy (IL) concepts and practices.

Methods – The instructional approaches were implemented with two groups of middle school students (i.e., seventh and eighth grades) over a 4-week period. During the implementation period, all students were required to maintain a portfolio of their work. The portfolios were designed to capture students’ actions as they engaged in a common set of information-based problems. The contents of the portfolios were analyzed to examine the research questions that guided the study. Contingency tables demonstrated observed patterns of difference from week 1 to week 4. Chi-square analysis helped to determine whether a significant relationship existed between instructional approach and shifts in IL proficiency levels at the .05 level.

Results – There was a significant relationship between the simulation-based approach and increases in students’ ability to 1) recognize the need for information, 2) formulate specific questions that would help in finding needed information, 3) identify a range of information sources for meeting needs, 4) explain successful strategies for accessing needed information, 5) judge the accuracy, relevance and completeness of sources and 6) analyze information from a variety of sources to determine its applicability to a specific problem. Four major distinctions are believed to have caused the students within the simulated instructional environment to experience more proficiency level shifts: situated practice, authenticity, community of practice and an expanded landscape of resources.

Conclusion – The results of this study suggest that simulation-based instructional approaches have the potential to augment IL learning. The technology-based approaches may provide powerful learning environments (virtual worlds) that allow students to engage in the activities and practice of information specialists, instead of simply learning the facts associated with the discipline.
Applying Evidence in Practice: What We Can Learn from Healthcare
Authors: Dalrymple Prudence
Published: February 2016

Applying research findings to practice is the foundation of evidence based practice. In healthcare, evidence-based practice depends upon the development, promulgation and application of clinical guidelines. While EBM has been enthusiastically embraced by many, gaps persist, and transmission from research to practice remains slow and uneven. The perception that EBM threatens professional autonomy accounts for some resistance but, even among practitioners who support EBM in concept, uptake of guidelines has encountered numerous barriers. A recent study of guideline implementation by residents in a tertiary care medical center provides insight into the barriers to guideline adoption, and draws parallels between the uptake of EBM in the healthcare sector and the uptake of EBLIP in the library and information field. Through increased understanding of the diffusion of evidence-based practice in one field, LIS practitioners can position themselves to avoid similar impediments.