bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the number of lost teeth and the occurrence of depressive symptoms in middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Głuszek–Osuch Martyna , Cieśla Elżbieta , Suliga Edyta
Published: May 2024

Background

Many recent studies suggest the existence of a relationship between oral health and the occurrence of depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the number of lost teeth and the occurrence of depressive symptoms in middle-aged adults.

Methods

An analysis was performed on the data obtained from the PONS project (POlish-Norwegian Study), conducted in the Świętokrzyskie Province in Poland in 2010–2011. The research material included the cross-sectional data of 11,901 individuals aged 40–64 years (7967 women). Depressive symptoms, used as outcome variables, were assessed with a questionnaire. The participants provided the responses to questions concerning the occurrence of eight symptoms over the last 12 months. The answers were scored as 1 point or 0 points. The participants were divided into three tercile groups based on their total scores: no or mild (0–2 points), moderate (3–5 points), and severe depressive symptoms (6–8 points). The self-reported number of lost teeth was analysed according to the following categories: 0–4, 5–8, 9–27, and a complete lack of natural teeth. Multivariable logistic regression analysis for depressive symptoms was used in relation to the number of lost teeth. The following covariates were included in the adjusted model: age, sex, place of residence, education, marital status, BMI, diabetes status, stressful life events in the last year, use of antidepressants, smoking, and sugar and sweet consumption.

Results

The likelihood of both moderate (OR = 1.189; 95%CI: 1.028–1.376; p < .020) and severe (OR = 1.846; 95%CI: 1.488–2.290; p < .001) depressive symptoms showed the strongest relationship with a total lack of natural teeth. A loss of more than 8 natural teeth was also significantly associated (OR = 1.315; 95%CI: 1.075–1.609; p < .008) with the occurrence of severe depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

The loss of natural teeth was positively related to the occurrence of depressive symptoms in middle-aged adults. Thus, there is an urgent need to intensify stomatological prophylaxis, education and treatment for middle-aged individuals.
Responses to the correspondence from McDowell et al.’s on CAM integrative review of health care professionals in New Zealand
Authors: Liu Lizhou , Tang Yong , Baxter G. David , Yin Haiyan , Tumilty Steve
Published: May 2024

The authors of the manuscript ‘Complementary and alternative medicine - practice, attitudes, and knowledge among healthcare professionals in New Zealand: an integrative review’ [1] disagree with the assertion by McDowell et al. that our manuscript has extrapolation errors.
Detection of small ruminant Lentivirus proviral DNA in red deer from Poland
Authors: Olech Monika , Parzeniecka-Jaworska Marta
Published: May 2024

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are widespread and infect goats and sheep. Several reports also suggest that SRLVs can infect wild ruminants. The presence of specific antibodies against SRLVs has been identified in wild ruminants from Poland, but no studies have been conducted to detect proviral DNA of SRLVs in these animals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine samples from Polish wild ruminants to determine whether these animals can serve as reservoirs of SRLVs under natural conditions. A total of 314 samples were tested from red deer (n = 255), roe deer (n = 52) and fallow deer (n = 7) using nested real-time PCR. DNA from positive real-time PCR samples was subsequently used to amplify a CA fragment (625 bp) of the gag gene, a 1.2 kb fragment of the pol gene and an LTR-gag fragment. Three samples (0.95%) were positive according to nested real-time PCR using primers and probe specific for CAEV (SRLV group B). All the samples were negative for the primers and probe specific for MVV (SRLV A group). Only SRLV LTR-gag sequences were obtained from two red deer. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these sequences were more closely related to CAEV than to MVV. Our results revealed that deer can carry SRLV proviral sequences and therefore may play a role in the epidemiology of SRLVs. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing SRLV sequences from red deer.
Therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of artemether–lumefantrine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Niger, 2020
Authors: Laminou Ibrahim M. , Issa Ibrahima , Adehossi Eric , Maman Kabirou , Jackou Hadiza , Coulibaly Eric , Tohon Zilahatou B. , Ahmed Jehan , Sanoussi Elisha , Koko Daniel
Published: May 2024

Background

Monitoring therapeutic efficacy is important to ensure the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for malaria. The current first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria recommended by the National Malaria Control Program in Niger is artemether–lumefantrine (AL). In 2020, an in vivo study was carried out to evaluate clinical and parasitological responses to AL as well as the molecular resistance to the drug in three sentinel sites: Agadez, Tessaoua and Gaya, in Niger.

Methods

A multi-center, single-arm trial was conducted according to the 28-day World Health Organization (WHO) 2009 therapeutic efficacy study protocol. Children between 6 months and 15 years with confirmed uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection and 1000–200,000 asexual parasites/μL of blood were enrolled and followed up for 28 days. Uncorrected and PCR-corrected efficacy results at day 28 were calculated, and molecular correction was performed by genotyping the msp1, msp2, and glurp genes. The pfk13, pfdhfr, pfdhps, pfcrt and pfmdr genes were analyzed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. The Kaplan–Meier curve assessed parasite clearance.

Results

A total of 255 patients were enrolled in the study. The adequate clinical and parasitological response after PCR correction was 98.9% (95% CI 96.4–101.0%), 92.2% (85.0–98.5%) and 97.1% (93.1–101.0%) in Gaya, Tessaoua and Agadez, respectively. No adverse events were observed. Ten mutations (SNP) were found, including 7 synonyms (K248K, G690G, E691E, E612E, C469C, G496G, P718P) and 3 non-synonyms (N594K, R255K, V714S). Two mutations emerged: N594K and V714S. The R255K mutation detected in Southeast Asia was also detected. The pfdhpsK540E and pfdhfrI164L mutations associated with high levels of resistance are absent. There is a reversal of chloroquine resistance.

Conclusion

The study findings indicate that AL is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in three sites in Niger. The emergence of a pfk13 mutation requires additional testing such as the Ring Stage Assay and CRISPR/Cas9 to confirm the role of these emerging mutations.

Trial registration NCT05070520, October 7, 2021.
Body map stories from Colombia: experiences of people affected by leprosy and the influence of peers during diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Barbosa Ladino Martha Cecilia , Jiménez Betancourth Camila , Vásquez Acevedo Lucrecia , Haag Melanie , Zirkel Janina , Schwienhorst-Stich Eva-Maria , Navarro Miriam , Kasang Christa , Gágyor Ildikó , Parisi Sandra
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Almost one third of people affected by leprosy in Colombia suffer from disability, which often results from delayed diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to explore the experience of people affected by leprosy during the process of diagnosis and treatment and if and how this experience was influenced by peers.

Methods

A qualitative study using body map stories was conducted from October 2019 to February 2020 in Colombia. Adult people affected by leprosy were recruited through patient associations in different cities. We conducted three sessions with an average duration of 2–3 h per participant, during which the participants created a painted map of their body and chose symbols to represent their experience, while being engaged in an informal interview. The sessions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically by an interdisciplinary team, consisting of physicians, social workers and a person affected by leprosy.

Results

The 17 study participants (11 female) were aged 20 to 70 years. Leprosy-related manifestations ranged from no to advanced disability. Some participants were active members of associations for people affected by leprosy. Three main themes were identified during analysis: (1) A long pathway to diagnosis, (2) Therapy as a double-edged sword and (3) The influence of other people affected by leprosy. The participants described an often years-long process until being diagnosed, which was marked by insecurities, repeated misdiagnosis, and worsening mental and physical health. Delayed diagnosis was related to late health care seeking, but also to inadequate health communication, lack of leprosy-related knowledge and negligence among health care workers. A high desire to cure motivated the participants to take their medication rigorously, despite the high treatment burden. Support from peers, either within the own social environment or provided from associations, contributed to a faster diagnosis and increased therapy adherence. Peers helped to recognize the symptoms, urged patients to seek care, recommended physicians with leprosy-related knowledge and provided a realistic example of both disease severity and curability.

Conclusion

People affected by leprosy experience a significant burden during the process of diagnosis and treatment. Involving well-trained peers could foster early diagnosis, treatment compliance and prevention of disability.
Mesoporous MOFs with ROS scavenging capacity for the alleviation of inflammation through inhibiting stimulator of interferon genes to promote diabetic wound healing
Authors: Li Fupeng , Mao Zhiyuan , Du Yun , Cui Yuehan , Yang Shengbing , Huang Kai , Yang Jian , Li Zhuoyuan , Liu Yihao , Gu Jinlou , Wang Danru , Wang Chen
Published: May 2024

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation are the key problems that impede diabetic wound healing. In particular, dressings with ROS scavenging capacity play a crucial role in the process of chronic wound healing. Herein, Zr-based large-pore mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (mesoMOFs) were successfully developed for the construction of spatially organized cascade bioreactors. Natural superoxide dismutase (SOD) and an artificial enzyme were spatially organized in these hierarchical mesoMOFs, forming a cascade antioxidant defense system, and presenting efficient intracellular and extracellular ROS scavenging performance. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the SOD@HMUiO-MnTCPP nanoparticles (S@M@H NPs) significantly accelerated diabetic wound healing. Transcriptomic and western blot results further indicated that the nanocomposite could inhibit fibroblast senescence and ferroptosis as well as the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway activation in macrophages mediated by mitochondrial oxidative stress through ROS elimination. Thus, the biomimetic multi-enzyme cascade catalytic system with spatial ordering demonstrated a high potential for diabetic wound healing, where senescence, ferroptosis, and STING signaling pathways may be potential targets.

Graphical Abstract
Tau- and α-synuclein-targeted gold nanoparticles: applications, opportunities, and future outlooks in the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Tapia-Arellano Andreas , Cabrera Pablo , Cortés-Adasme Elizabeth , Riveros Ana , Hassan Natalia , Kogan Marcelo J.
Published: May 2024

The use of nanomaterials in medicine offers multiple opportunities to address neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These diseases are a significant burden for society and the health system, affecting millions of people worldwide without sensitive and selective diagnostic methodologies or effective treatments to stop their progression. In this sense, the use of gold nanoparticles is a promising tool due to their unique properties at the nanometric level. They can be functionalized with specific molecules to selectively target pathological proteins such as Tau and α-synuclein for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, respectively. Additionally, these proteins are used as diagnostic biomarkers, wherein gold nanoparticles play a key role in enhancing their signal, even at the low concentrations present in biological samples such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid, thus enabling an early and accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, gold nanoparticles act as drug delivery platforms, bringing therapeutic agents directly into the brain, improving treatment efficiency and precision, and reducing side effects in healthy tissues. However, despite the exciting potential of gold nanoparticles, it is crucial to address the challenges and issues associated with their use in the medical field before they can be widely applied in clinical settings. It is critical to ensure the safety and biocompatibility of these nanomaterials in the context of the central nervous system. Therefore, rigorous preclinical and clinical studies are needed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of these strategies in patients. Since there is scarce and sometimes contradictory literature about their use in this context, the main aim of this review is to discuss and analyze the current state-of-the-art of gold nanoparticles in relation to delivery, diagnosis, and therapy for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, as well as recent research about their use in preclinical, clinical, and emerging research areas.

Graphical Abstract
The TransFORmation of IndiGEnous PrimAry HEAlthcare Delivery (FORGE AHEAD): economic analysis
Authors: Stanimirovic Aleksandra , Francis Troy , Webster-Bogaert Susan , Harris Stewart , Rac Valeria ,   the LIONESS study group
Published: May 2024

Background

Indigenous populations have increased risk of developing diabetes and experience poorer treatment outcomes than the general population. The FORGE AHEAD program partnered with First Nations communities across Canada to improve access to resources by developing community-driven primary healthcare models.

Methods

This was an economic assessment of FORGE AHEAD using a payer perspective. Costs of diabetes management and complications during the 18-month intervention were compared to the costs prior to intervention implementation. Cost-effectiveness of the program assessed incremental differences in cost and number of resources utilization events (pre and post). Primary outcome was all-cause hospitalizations. Secondary outcomes were specialist visits, clinic visits and community resource use. Data were obtained from a diabetes registry and published literature. Costs are expressed in 2023 Can$.

Results

Study population was ~ 60.5 years old; 57.2% female; median duration of diabetes of 8 years; 87.5% residing in non-isolated communities; 75% residing in communities < 5000 members. Total cost of implementation was $1,221,413.60 and cost/person $27.89. There was increase in the number and cost of hospitalizations visits from 8/$68,765.85 (pre period) to 243/$2,735,612.37. Specialist visits, clinic visits and community resource use followed this trend.

Conclusion

Considering the low cost of intervention and increased care access, FORGE AHEAD represents a successful community-driven partnership resulting in improved access to resources.
Differentially expressed genes associated with high metabolic tumor volume served as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kim Baek Gil , Lee Sung Hwan , Jang Yeonsue , Kang Suki , Kang Chang Moo , Cho Nam Hoon
Published: May 2024

Background

The lack of distinct biomarkers for pancreatic cancer is a major cause of early-stage detection difficulty. The pancreatic cancer patient group with high metabolic tumor volume (MTV), one of the values measured from positron emission tomography—a confirmatory method and standard care for pancreatic cancer, showed a poorer prognosis than those with low MTV. Therefore, MTV-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) may be candidates for distinctive markers for pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of MTV-related DEGs as markers or therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.

Methods

Tumor tissues and their normal counterparts were obtained from patients undergoing preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT. The tissues were classified into MTV-low and MTV-high groups (7 for each) based on the MTV2.5 value of 4.5 (MTV-low: MTV2.5 < 4.5, MTV-high: MTV2.5 ≥ 4.5). Gene expression fold change was first calculated in cancer tissue compared to its normal counter and then compared between low and high MTV groups to obtain significant DEGs. To assess the suitability of the DEGs for clinical application, the correlation of the DEGs with tumor grades and clinical outcomes was analyzed in TCGA-PAAD, a large dataset without MTV information.

Results

Total RNA-sequencing (MTV RNA-Seq) revealed that 44 genes were upregulated and 56 were downregulated in the high MTV group. We selected the 29 genes matching MTV RNA-seq patterns in the TCGA-PAAD dataset, a large clinical dataset without MTV information, as MTV-associated genes (MAGs). In the analysis with the TCGA dataset, MAGs were significantly associated with patient survival, treatment outcomes, TCGA-PAAD-suggested markers, and CEACAM family proteins. Some MAGs showed an inverse correlation with miRNAs and were confirmed to be differentially expressed between normal and cancerous pancreatic tissues. Overexpression of KIF11 and RCC1 and underexpression of ADCY1 and SDK1 were detected in ~ 60% of grade 2 pancreatic cancer patients and associated with ~ 60% mortality in stages I and II.

Conclusions

MAGs may serve as diagnostic markers and miRNA therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Among the MAGs, KIF11, RCC1, ADCY, and SDK1 may be early diagnostic markers.
Estetrol/GPER/SERPINB2 transduction signaling inhibits the motility of triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Cirillo Francesca , Spinelli Asia , Talia Marianna , Scordamaglia Domenica , Santolla Maria Francesca , Grande Fedora , Rizzuti Bruno , Maggiolini Marcello , Gérard Céline , Lappano Rosamaria
Published: May 2024

Background

Estetrol (E4) is a natural estrogen produced by the fetal liver during pregnancy. Due to its favorable safety profile, E4 was recently approved as estrogenic component of a new combined oral contraceptive. E4 is a selective ligand of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ, but its binding to the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) has not been described to date. Therefore, we aimed to explore E4 action in GPER-positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cells.

Methods

The potential interaction between E4 and GPER was investigated by molecular modeling and binding assays. The whole transcriptomic modulation triggered by E4 in TNBC cells via GPER was explored through high-throughput RNA sequencing analyses. Gene and protein expression evaluations as well as migration and invasion assays allowed us to explore the involvement of the GPER-mediated induction of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (SERPINB2) in the biological responses triggered by E4 in TNBC cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was aimed at recognizing the biological significance of SERPINB2 in ER-negative breast cancer patients.

Results

After the molecular characterization of the E4 binding capacity to GPER, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (SERPINB2) is one of the most up-regulated genes by E4 in a GPER-dependent manner. Worthy, we demonstrated that the GPER-mediated increase of SERPINB2 is engaged in the anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects elicited by E4 in TNBC cells. In accordance with these findings, a correlation between SERPINB2 levels and a good clinical outcome was found in ER-negative breast cancer patients.

Conclusions

Overall, our results provide new insights into the mechanisms through which E4 can halt migratory and invasive features of TNBC cells.
The largest European forest carbon stocks are in the Dinaric Alps old-growth forests: comparison of direct measurements and standardised approaches
Authors: Bono Alessia , Alberti Giorgio , Berretti Roberta , Curovic Milic , Dukic Vojislav , Motta Renzo
Published: May 2024

Background

Carbon (C) sink and stock are among the most important ecosystem services provided by forests in climate change mitigation policies. In this context, old-growth forests constitute an essential reference point for the development of close-to-nature silviculture, including C management techniques. Despite their small extent in Europe, temperate old-growth forests are assumed to be among the most prominent in terms of biomass and C stored. However, monitoring and reporting of C stocks is still poorly understood. To better understand the C stock amount and distribution in temperate old-growth forests, we estimated the C stock of two old-growth stands in the Dinaric Alps applying different assessment methods, including direct and indirect approaches (e.g., field measurements and allometric equations vs. IPCC standard methods). This paper presents the quantification and the distribution of C across the five main forest C pools (i.e., aboveground, belowground, deadwood, litter and soil) in the study areas and the differences between the applied methods.

Results

We report a very prominent C stock in both study areas (507 Mg C ha− 1), concentrated in a few large trees (36% of C in 5% of trees). Moreover, we found significant differences in C stock estimation between direct and indirect methods. Indeed, the latter tended to underestimate or overestimate depending on the pool considered.

Conclusions

Comparison of our results with previous studies and data collected in European forests highlights the prominence of temperate forests, among which the Dinaric Alps old-growth forests are the largest. These findings provide an important benchmark for the development of future approaches to the management of the European temperate forests. However, further and deeper research on C stock and fluxes in old-growth stands is of prime importance to understand the potential and limits of the climate mitigation role of forests.
DNA methylation signatures of youth-onset type 2 diabetes and exposure to maternal diabetes
Authors: Salama Ola E. , Hizon Nikho , Del Vecchio Melissa , Kolsun Kurt , Fonseca Mario A. , Lin David T. S. , Urtatiz Oscar , MacIsaac Julia L. , Kobor Michael S. , Sellers Elizabeth A. C. , Dolinsky Vernon W. , Dart Allison B. , Jones Meaghan J. , Wicklow Brandy A.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is physiologically distinct from adult-onset, but it is not clear how the two diseases differ at a molecular level. In utero exposure to maternal type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to be a specific risk factor for youth-onset T2D. DNA methylation (DNAm) changes associated with T2D but which differ between youth- and adult-onset might delineate the impacts of T2D development at different ages and could also determine the contribution of exposure to in utero diabetes.

Methods

We performed an epigenome-wide analysis of DNAm on whole blood from 218 youth with T2D and 77 normoglycemic controls from the iCARE (improving renal Complications in Adolescents with type 2 diabetes through REsearch) cohort. Associations were tested using multiple linear regression models while adjusting for maternal diabetes, sex, age, BMI, smoking status, second-hand smoking exposure, cell-type proportions and genetic ancestry.

Results

We identified 3830 differentially methylated sites associated with youth T2D onset, of which 3794 were moderately (adjusted p-value < 0.05 and effect size estimate > 0.01) associated and 36 were strongly (adjusted p-value < 0.05 and effect size estimate > 0.05) associated. A total of 3725 of these sites were not previously reported in the EWAS Atlas as associated with T2D, adult obesity or youth obesity. Moreover, three CpGs associated with youth-onset T2D in the PFKFB3 gene were also associated with maternal T2D exposure (FDR < 0.05 and effect size > 0.01). This is the first study to link PFKFB3 and T2D in youth.

Conclusion

Our findings support that T2D in youth has different impacts on DNAm than adult-onset, and suggests that changes in DNAm could provide an important link between in utero exposure to maternal diabetes and the onset of T2D.
Long-lasting severe anemia following treatment with natalizumab for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a case report
Authors: Hamnvik Lars Henrik Dahl , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Spetalen Signe , Dalgaard Jakob
Published: May 2024

Background

Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Anemia is a recognized side effect, but it is usually mild and of a short duration when natalizumab is stopped. Here, we describe a case of a young woman with severe and especially long lasting anemia associated with treatment with natalizumab, persisting up to a year after treatment was stopped.

Case presentation

A 24 year-old Caucasian woman with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis developed severe transfusion dependent anemia after 27 infusions with natalizumab, which was her first and only treatment for her multiple sclerosis. Extensive hematologic diagnostics did not reveal any malignant cause or any other plausible non-malignant cause for her anemia. The bone marrow was found to be hypercellular, with a maturation arrest of the erythropoiesis and with grade 1–2 fibrosis. No specific treatment for the anemia was given. The hemoglobin level showed signs of spontaneous increase after nearly one year after natalizumab was discontinued.

Conclusion

Severe anemia can be caused by treatment with natalizumab. This case adds information to the few other similar reported cases, demonstrating the potential duration of the anemia, as well as detailed description of hematologic findings. The mechanism is most likely due to inhibition of α4 subunit of the α4β1-integrin, which is present on both lymphocytes and erythroid precursor cells.
Optimal station placement based on grey wolf optimizer for regional target localization
Authors: Wang Zewen , Hu Dexiu , Huang Jie , Xie Min , Zhao Chuang
Published: May 2024

The accuracy of target passive localization is influenced by the placement of signal receiving stations; therefore, many studies have been performed to optimize station placement. However, most of the present placement methods focus on the localization error of one target, and if the exact position of the target cannot be determined, but only the range of the target activity is known, how to study the localization station placement in a region is a problem that needs to be solved. This paper proposes a grey wolf optimization algorithm based on the regional target error model to solve the optimal station placement problem. Firstly, a regional target localization error model is established using the measured TDOA, and the overall error matrix within a region is derived. Then, by taking the trace of the error matrix as a criterion, the objective function is established to find the optimal location of the receiving station by grey wolf optimizer. The optimization parameters are also improved to increase the global search ability of the algorithm. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the overall error model and the grey wolf algorithm proposed are verified by experiments from multiple perspectives. The station placement method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the localization problem of targets that are only known to be in a general activity region in advance, which is more realistic.
Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs play important roles in nutrient cycling within cyanobacterial Microcystis bloom microbiomes
Authors: Cai Haiyuan , McLimans Christopher J. , Jiang Helong , Chen Feng , Krumholz Lee R. , Hambright K. David
Published: May 2024

Background

During the bloom season, the colonial cyanobacterium Microcystis forms complex aggregates which include a diverse microbiome within an exopolymer matrix. Early research postulated a simple mutualism existing with bacteria benefitting from the rich source of fixed carbon and Microcystis receiving recycled nutrients. Researchers have since hypothesized that Microcystis aggregates represent a community of synergistic and interacting species, an interactome, each with unique metabolic capabilities that are critical to the growth, maintenance, and demise of Microcystis blooms. Research has also shown that aggregate-associated bacteria are taxonomically different from free-living bacteria in the surrounding water. Moreover, research has identified little overlap in functional potential between Microcystis and members of its microbiome, further supporting the interactome concept. However, we still lack verification of general interaction and know little about the taxa and metabolic pathways supporting nutrient and metabolite cycling within Microcystis aggregates.

Results

During a 7-month study of bacterial communities comparing free-living and aggregate-associated bacteria in Lake Taihu, China, we found that aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria were significantly more abundant within Microcystis aggregates than in free-living samples, suggesting a possible functional role for AAP bacteria in overall aggregate community function. We then analyzed gene composition in 102 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of bloom-microbiome bacteria from 10 lakes spanning four continents, compared with 12 complete Microcystis genomes which revealed that microbiome bacteria and Microcystis possessed complementary biochemical pathways that could serve in C, N, S, and P cycling. Mapping published transcripts from Microcystis blooms onto a comprehensive AAP and non-AAP bacteria MAG database (226 MAGs) indicated that observed high levels of expression of genes involved in nutrient cycling pathways were in AAP bacteria.

Conclusions

Our results provide strong corroboration of the hypothesized Microcystis interactome and the first evidence that AAP bacteria may play an important role in nutrient cycling within Microcystis aggregate microbiomes.
The big five factors as differential predictors of self-regulation, achievement emotions, coping and health behavior in undergraduate students
Authors: Fuente Jesús de la , Sander Paul , Garzón Umerenkova Angélica , Urien Begoña , Pachón-Basallo Mónica , O Luis Elkin
Published: May 2024

Background

The aim of this research was to analyze whether the personality factors included in the Big Five model differentially predict the self-regulation and affective states of university students and health.

Methods

A total of 637 students completed validated self-report questionnaires. Using an ex post facto design, we conducted linear regression and structural prediction analyses.

Results

The findings showed that model factors were differential predictors of both self-regulation and affective states. Self-regulation and affective states, in turn, jointly predict emotional performance while learning and even student health. These results allow us to understand, through a holistic predictive model, the differential predictive relationships of all the factors: conscientiousness and extraversion were predictors regulating positive emotionality and health; the openness to experience factor was non-regulating; nonregulating; and agreeableness and neuroticism were dysregulating, hence precursors of negative emotionality and poorer student health.

Conclusions

These results are important because they allow us to infer implications for guidance and psychological health at university.
An up-scaled biotechnological approach for phosphorus-depleted rye bran as animal feed
Authors: Widderich Niklas , Stotz Johanna , Lohkamp Florian , Visscher Christian , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Liese Andreas , Bubenheim Paul , Ruff Anna Joëlle
Published: May 2024

Side streams from the milling industry offer excellent nutritional properties for animal feed; yet their use is constrained by the elevated phosphorus (P) content, mainly in the form of phytate. Biotechnological P recovery fosters sustainable P management, transforming these streams into P-depleted animal feed through enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic P mobilization not only enables P recovery from milling by-products but also supports the valorization of these streams into P-depleted animal feeds. Our study presents the scalability and applicability of the process and characterizes the resulting P-depleted rye bran as animal feed component. Batch mode investigations were conducted to mobilize P from 100 g to 37.1 kg of rye bran using bioreactors up to 400 L. P reductions of 89% to 92% (reducing from 12.7 gP/kg to 1.41–1.28 gP/kg) were achieved. In addition, High Performance Ion Chromatography (HPIC) analysis showed complete depletion of phytate. The successful recovery of the enzymatically mobilized P from the process wastewater by precipitation as struvite and calcium hydrogen phosphate is presented as well, achieving up to 99% removal efficiency. Our study demonstrates a versatile process that is easily adaptable, allowing for a seamless implementation on a larger scale.

Graphical Abstract
Effective relax acquisition: a novel approach to classify relaxed state in alpha band EEG-based transformation
Authors: Risqiwati Diah , Wibawa Adhi Dharma , Pane Evi Septiana , Yuniarno Eko Mulyanto , Islamiyah Wardah Rahmatul , Purnomo Mauridhi Hery
Published: May 2024

A relaxed state is essential for effective hypnotherapy, a crucial component of mental health treatments. During hypnotherapy sessions, neurologists rely on the patient’s relaxed state to introduce positive suggestions. While EEG is a widely recognized method for detecting human emotions, analyzing EEG data presents challenges due to its multi-channel, multi-band nature, leading to high-dimensional data. Furthermore, determining the onset of relaxation remains challenging for neurologists. This paper presents the Effective Relax Acquisition (ERA) method designed to identify the beginning of a relaxed state. ERA employs sub-band sampling within the Alpha band for the frequency domain and segments the data into four-period groups for the time domain analysis. Data enhancement strategies include using Window Length (WL) and Overlapping Shifting Windows (OSW) scenarios. Dimensionality reduction is achieved through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) by prioritizing the most significant eigenvector values. Our experimental results indicate that the relaxed state is predominantly observable in the high Alpha sub-band, particularly within the fourth period group. The ERA demonstrates high accuracy with a WL of 3 s and OSW of 0.25 s using the KNN classifier (90.63%). These findings validate the effectiveness of ERA in accurately identifying relaxed states while managing the complexity of EEG data.

Graphical abstract
Hepatic hemangioma in a simple liver cyst mimicking biliary cystic neoplasm
Authors: Karashima Ryuichi , Yamamura Kensuke , Oda Eri , Ozaki Nobuyuki , Ishiko Takatoshi , Nagayama Yasunori , Yamada Rin , Komohara Yoshihiko , Koba Ikuro , Beppu Toru
Published: May 2024

Background

Follow-up is recommended for an asymptomatic unilocular hepatic cystic lesion without wall-thickness and nodular components. A few liver cystic lesions represent biliary cystic neoplasms, which are difficult to differentiate from simple cysts with benign mural nodules on imaging alone.

Case presentation

An 84-year-old woman with a history of simple liver cyst diagnosed one year prior was admitted for evaluation of a developed mural nodule in the cystic lesion. She had no specific symptoms and no abnormalities in blood tests except for carcinoembryonic antigen (5.0 ng/mL) and carbohydrate antigen (43.5 U/mL) levels. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a well-defined, low-attenuation lesion without a septum that had enlarged from 41 to 47 mm. No dilation of the bile duct was observed. A gradually enhancing mural nodule, 14 mm in diameter, was confirmed. MRI revealed a uniform water-intense cystic lesion with a mural nodule. This was followed by T2-enhanced imaging showing peripheral hypointensity and central hyperintensity. Enhanced ultrasonography revealed an enhanced nodule with a distinct artery within it. A needle biopsy of the wall nodule or aspiration of intracystic fluid was not performed to avoid tumor cell spillage. The possibility of a neoplastic cystic tumor could not be ruled out, so a partial hepatectomy was performed with adequate margins. Pathologically, the cystic lesion contained a black 5 mm nodule consisting of a thin, whitish fibrous wall and dilated vessels lined by CD31 and CD34 positive endothelial cells. The final diagnosis was a rare cavernous hemangioma within a simple liver cyst.

Conclusions

Cavernous hemangiomas mimicking well-enhanced mural nodules can arise from simple liver cysts. In less malignant cases, laparoscopic biopsy or percutaneous targeted biopsy of the mural nodules, together with needle ablation, may be recommended to avoid unnecessary surgery.
The effect of probiotic-fortified kefir on cardiovascular risk factors in elderly population: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Noori Mehran , Shateri Zainab , Babajafari Siavash , Eskandari Mohammad Hadi , Parastouei Karim , Ghasemi Mohammad , Afshari Hoseein , Samadi Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The outbreak of cardiovascular disease (CVD) augments with age. Gut dysbiosis can worsen or initiate systemic disorders such as metabolic diseases and CVDs. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the effect of kefir fortified with Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R017 on CVD risk factors in the elderly population. The subjects of this study were selected from the Motahari Clinic in Shiraz, Iran.

Method

This study was a double-blind, randomized, and controlled clinical trial that was conducted on 67 elderly people who were randomly divided into two groups: the fortified kefir group (n = 32), which received one bottle of fortified kefir (240 cc), and the placebo group (n = 35), which received one bottle of regular kefir for eight weeks. To analyze the data, SPSS software was applied.

Results

After eight weeks, significant differences were seen in atherogenic and Castell’s risk index I between the fortified and regular groups (p = 0.048 and p = 0.048, respectively). No significant differences were found in Castelli’s risk index II, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), non-HDL-C, TG-cholesterol index, and fasting blood sugar by comparing the two groups.

Conclusion

Our investigation demonstrated that fortified kefir with probiotics did not significantly affect lipid profiles. Still, it could significantly affect some indices, including Castelli’s risk index I and atherogenic index. More studies are required to confirm the findings and mechanisms of probiotics’ effect on CVD risk factors.

Trial number

The present registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20130227012628N3) at 2023-02-21.
Effect of nano-curcumin supplementation on angina status, and traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Rezaei Mahsa , Soltani Mitra , Alipoor Elham , Rezayat Seyed Mahdi , Vasheghani-Farahani Ali , Yaseri Mehdi , Firouzi Ata , Hosseinzadeh-Attar Mohammad Javad
Published: May 2024

Background

Cardiovascular events and poor quality of life are frequently observed in patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). This trial evaluated the effect of nano-curcumin supplement containing curcuminoids, as multifunctional nutraceuticals, on angina status, and some traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese patients with CSFP.

Methods

In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 42 overweight or obese patients with CSFP received either 80 mg/day of nano-curcumin or placebo for 12 weeks. Seattle angina questionnaire (SAQ) as a clinical measure of angina status, circulating endocan, adropin, homocysteine, lipid profile, and the novel scores of visceral adiposity index (VAI) and waist-triglyceride index (WTI) were assessed before and after the intervention. The independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney test, analysis of covariance, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests were used where appropriate.

Results

All domains of SAQ including physical limitation, angina stability, angina frequency-severity, treatment satisfaction, and disease perception and quality of life improved significantly in the nano-curcumin compared with the placebo group. No significant changes were observed in serum endocan, adropin, and homocysteine following the intervention. Triglycerides, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, WTI and VAI values improved significantly only within the nano-curcumin group.

Conclusions

Supplementation with 80 mg/day nano-curcumin (containing curcuminoids) for 12 weeks significantly improved clinically important disease-specific aspects of health in patients with CSFP. Some traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors improved significantly only compared with the baseline values, which need further investigation.

Trial registration

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1398.794). The study protocol was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials by IRCT20131125015536N8 registration ID at 19.06.2019.
Determinants of low birth weight and its effect on childhood health and nutritional outcomes in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Zahidul , Chowdhury Mohammad Rocky Khan , Kader Manzur , Billah Baki , Islam Md. Shariful , Rashid Mamunur
Published: May 2024

Background

The high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) is associated with an increased risk of infant mortality, adverse pregnancy outcomes for mothers, and a decline in overall health and well-being. The current study aimed to identify the various determinants of LBW and its effect on adverse health and nutritional outcomes of children aged 0–23 months in Bangladesh.

Methods

Bangladesh Demography and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 data was used. A chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to find out the associations between independent variables and outcomes (e.g., LBW, child illness and undernutrition).

Results

The overall prevalence of LBW among was 16.3%. Mother with no formal education (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI = 0.55–3.30, p = 0.01), female child (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04–1.65, p = 0.023); and poorest economic status (AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.13–2.51, p = 0.010), were identified significant determinants of LBW. Of home environment and hygiene factors, unimproved toilet facilities (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.03–1.84, p = 0.030) had a significant effect on LBW. In addition, children born with LBW were more likely to suffer fever (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.05–1.60, p = 0.050), stunting (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.86–3.15, p = < 0.001), wasting (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02–2.25 p = 0.049), and underweight (AOR = 3.19, 95% CI = 2.40–4.23, p = < 0.001).

Conclusion

One out of five children was LBW in Bangladesh. Maternal education, sex of child, wealth index, and toilet facilities had significant effects on LBW. In addition, LWB contributed to children’s poor health and nutritional outcomes. Enhancing maternal pregnancy, and child health outcomes necessitates policies addressing poverty, gender inequality, and social disparities. Key strategies include promoting regular prenatal care, early medical intervention, reproductive health education, and safe hygiene practices. To combat the negative impacts of LBW, a comprehensive strategy is vital, encompassing exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional support, growth monitoring, accessible healthcare, and caregiver education.
Private landowner interest in prescribed fire in California: findings from workshops in the Sierra Nevada
Authors: Wilkin Kate M. , Stasiewicz Amanda M. , Kocher Susan D.
Published: May 2024

Background

Globally, prescribed fire political interest and practice has been rekindled following recent devastating wildfire seasons. This phenomenon was especially acute in areas with dual wildfire and forest health crises, like California. Previous research has investigated prescribed fire on public lands or on private lands in other regions, but little is known about prescribed fire practice or interest on private lands in California. Therefore, we sought to understand private land managers’ perceptions of prescribed fire compared to other land management techniques, treatment pathways, motivations, and barriers to complete these treatments in California.

Results

Before workshops on prescribed fire for private lands, we surveyed participants in six prescribed fires on private lands workshops in the Central Sierra Nevada from 2018 to 2019 (N = 172). We found that participants “want to use” pile burns and broadcast prescribed fires more than other land management treatments. There was also a strong interest in mechanical treatments in contrast to low interest in grazing. Some participants had “heard about” and “want to use” some pathways to apply prescribed fire on their lands, including government programs, contractors, friends and family, and Prescribed Burn Associations (PBAs). People had multiple objectives for their prescribed fire goals, and the majority wanted to promote ecosystem health, e.g., reduce fire hazards, foster natural land health, and reduce invasive plants. Perceived barriers were greatest for safety, cost, and resources while fewer participants perceived permits as a barrier.

Conclusion

Participants were in the early stages of considering using broadcast prescribed fire and would like to burn small areas, potentially to build confidence and skills. At the time of our research, there was strong interest in using prescribed fire on private lands, and some perceived best pathways and barriers to be unique from prescribed fire practice on public lands. At the same time, private lands managers who responded said they want to promote ecosystem health and reduce wildfire risk and impacts, which is a shared a common motivation with public lands managers. Studies and reports on prescribed burning need to clearly distinguish between broadcast prescribed burning and pile burning to ensure consistency in results and conclusions about prescribed fire use.