bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voruciclib, a clinical stage oral CDK9 inhibitor, represses MCL-1 and sensitizes high-risk Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma to BCL2 inhibition
Authors: Dey Joyoti , Deckwerth Thomas L. , Kerwin William S. , Casalini Joseph R. , Merrell Angela J. , Grenley Marc O. , Burns Connor , Ditzler Sally H. , Dixon Chantel P. , Beirne Emily , Gillespie Kate C. , Kleinman Edward F. , Klinghoffer Richard A.
Published: December 2017

Aberrant regulation of BCL-2 family members enables evasion of apoptosis and tumor resistance to chemotherapy. BCL-2 and functionally redundant counterpart, MCL-1, are frequently over-expressed in high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). While clinical inhibition of BCL-2 has been achieved with the BH3 mimetic venetoclax, anti-tumor efficacy is limited by compensatory induction of MCL-1. Voruciclib, an orally bioavailable clinical stage CDK-selective inhibitor, potently blocks CDK9, the transcriptional regulator of MCL-1. Here, we demonstrate that voruciclib represses MCL-1 protein expression in preclinical models of DLBCL. When combined with venetoclax in vivo, voruciclib leads to model-dependent tumor cell apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition. Strongest responses were observed in two models representing high-risk activated B-cell (ABC) DLBCL, while no response was observed in a third ABC model, and intermediate responses were observed in two models of germinal center B-cell like (GCB) DLBCL. Given the range of responses, we show that CIVO, a multiplexed tumor micro-dosing technology, represents a viable functional precision medicine approach for differentiating responders from non-responders to BCL-2/MCL-1 targeted therapy. These findings suggest that the combination of voruciclib and venetoclax holds promise as a novel, exclusively oral combination therapy for a subset of high-risk DLBCL patients.
Fluorescence-enhanced bio-detection platforms obtained through controlled “step-by-step” clustering of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Panpan , Zhou Ying , Guo Min , Yang Shuguang , Félix Olivier , Martel David , Qiu Yiping , Ma Ying , Decher Gero
Published: December 2017

A fluorescence-based bioassay platform prepared by using the versatile, scalable and cheap spray-assisted step-by-step assembly of silver nanoparticles.
Aluminum nanostructures with strong visible-range SERS activity for versatile micropatterning of molecular security labels
Authors: Lay Chee Leng , Koh Charlynn Sher Lin , Wang Jing , Lee Yih Hong , Jiang Ruibin , Yang Yijie , Yang Zhe , Phang In Yee , Ling Xing Yi
Published: December 2017

A ciphertext-embedded machine-readable micro-QR code is constructed using structurally uniform visible-range SERS-active Al nanostructures with an average SERS enhancement factor of >104.
Functional hydrophobic and hetero-grafted block comb polymers via a combination of spontaneous zwitterionic copolymerisation and redox-initiated RAFT polymerisation
Authors: Mahmoud Ayaat Mohamed , Rajakanthan Alexander , Kempe Kristian
Published: December 2017

Non-toxic hydrophobic and amphiphilic N-acylated poly(amino ester)-based comb polymers self-assemble into functional responsive nano-sized aggregates in aqueous solution.
Arsine adsorption in copper-exchanged zeolite under low temperature and micro-oxygen conditions
Authors: Wang Xueqian , Zhang Yingjie , Ning Ping , Yan Shudi , Wang Langlang , Ma Qiang
Published: December 2017

Arsenic pollution is a worldwide issue.
MnO2modified TiN nanotube arrays on Ti mesh for flexible supercapacitors electrode
Authors: Chen Chao , Yang Xiuchun
Published: December 2017

The vertically grown TiN nanotube arrays maintain the structural integrity during cycling process and dramatically enhance faradic reaction of MnO2by offering superhighways for electrons and ions transport.
Engineering a novel biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli for the production of caffeine
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Sun Ying , Pan Si-an , Deng Wei-wei , Yu Oliver , Zhang Zhengzhu
Published: December 2017

This work demonstrated a novel biosynthetic pathway to produce caffeine in Escherichia coli.
Fast synthesis of amides from ethyl salicylate under microwave radiation in a solvent-free system
Authors: Lima Rafaely N. , Silva Valdenizia R. , Santos Luciano de S. , Bezerra Daniel P. , Soares Milena B. P. , Porto André L. M.
Published: December 2017

In this study, amide bond formation, one of the most important reaction in organic chemistry, it was evaluated using ethyl salicylate and ten different primary amines under microwave radiation in a free-solvent system.
Antifouling sulfonated polyamide nanofiltration hollow fiber membrane prepared with mixed diamine monomers of BDSA and PIP
Authors: Huang Ben-Qing , Xu Zhen-Liang , Ding Hao , Miao Ming-Che , Tang Yong-Jian
Published: December 2017

A novel high-flux sulfonated polyamide nanofiltration (NF) hollow fiber membrane was made from the mixed monomers of 2,2′-benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA) and piperazine (PIP).
First-principles analysis of the stability of water on oxidised and reduced CuO(111) surfaces
Authors: Fronzi Marco , Nolan Michael
Published: December 2017

A first-principles density functional theory investigation, with the inclusion of the Hubbard + U correction (PBE + U) on Cu-3d states, on the interaction of water with a CuO(111) surface.
Surface modification of electrospun nanofibrous membranes for oily wastewater separation
Authors: Yalcinkaya Fatma , Siekierka Anna , Bryjak Marek
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a method for producing nanofibrous composite membranes for the separation of a vegetable oil–water mixture. The microwave plasma technique, followed by a chemical post-treatment, was used to hydrophilise the membrane surfaces.
Resistivity and piezoelectric properties of Ca3TaGa1.5Al1.5Si2O14 single crystals for high temperature sensors
Authors: Fu Xiuwei , Víllora Encarnación G. , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Kitanaka Yuuki , Noguchi Yuji , Miyayama Masaru , Shimamura Kiyoshi , Ohashi Naoki
Published: December 2017

A high quality CTGAS single crystal with excellent properties for high temperature sensor applications.
Self-generated hollow NaTi2(PO4)3 nanocubes decorated with graphene as a large capacity and long lifetime anode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Ye Shaocheng , Li Zhihong , Song Tianbing , Cheng Danhong , Xu Qunjie , Liu Haimei , Wang Yonggang
Published: December 2017

A hollow NaTi2(PO4)3 nanocube decorated with graphene conductive networks was successfully synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method, and demonstrates excellent sodium-ion storage performance as an anode material of sodium-ion batteries.
Magnetic Fe3O4@silica sulfuric acid nanoparticles promoted regioselective protection/deprotection of alcohols with dihydropyran under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Rajkumari Kalyani , Kalita Juri , Das Diparjun , Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala
Published: December 2017

Protection (and deprotection) of hydroxyl groups via tetrahydropyranylation was carried out effectively using a catalytic amount of Fe3O4 supported silica sulphuric acid nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@SO3H) under solvent-free conditions.
Bioactivity-guided mixed synthesis and evaluation of α-alkenyl-γ and δ-lactone derivatives as potential fungicidal agents
Authors: Wu Yong-Ling , Gao Yan-Qing , Wang De-Long , Zhong Chen-Quan , Feng Jun-Tao , Zhang Xing
Published: December 2017

In view of the great antifungal activities of sesquiterpene lactones and natural product Tulipalin A, 52 derivatives derived from α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone substructures were synthesized to study antifungal activities.
Synthesis of isophthalates from methyl coumalate
Authors: Kraus George A. , Wang Shuai
Published: December 2017

Substituted isophthalates are synthesized from adducts of enol ethers and methyl coumalate.
Four-component synthesis of polyhydroquinolines under catalyst- and solvent-free conventional heating conditions: mechanistic studies
Authors: Mayurachayakul Pipattra , Pluempanupat Wanchai , Srisuwannaket Choladda , Chantarasriwong Oraphin
Published: December 2017

A convenient and environmentally friendly procedure for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines via a one-pot four-component reaction has been developed. A detailed mechanistic study of the reaction is presented.
Dual mechanochromism of cellulosic cholesteric liquid-crystalline films: wide-ranging colour control and circular dichroism inversion by mechanical stimulus
Authors: Miyagi K. , Teramoto Y.
Published: December 2017

We found that cellulosic liquid-crystalline films displayed not only a wide-ranging colour change but also inversion of circular dichroism upon a mechanical stimulus.
In silico prediction of chemical genotoxicity using machine learning methods and structural alerts
Authors: Fan Defang , Yang Hongbin , Li Fuxing , Sun Lixia , Di Peiwen , Li Weihua , Tang Yun , Liu Guixia
Published: December 2017

Six machine learning methods combined with six fingerprints and 49 descriptors were utilized to predict chemical genotoxicity.
Communication Partner Involvement in Auditory Rehabilitation: It's Time to Include Adult Children
Authors: Heacock Raquel M. , Preminger Jill E.
Published: December 2017

Family-centered care emphasizes collaboration and open communication between the patient, clinician, and the family. Social support from a frequent communication partner can help to promote initiation of hearing health care services, auditory rehabilitation (AR), or everyday communication management. Research in the caregiving fields has shown different amounts of caregiving burden in adult children compared to spouses, thus the audiologist should recognize that the adult child may be trying to assist their parent in the AR process, while at the same time juggling multiple responsibilities of their own such as a career or raising children. Preliminary investigations of the role of the adult child in the AR process are discussed in order to determine if adult children should be considered differently than spouses in the AR process, primarily due to the fact that many adult children may not live with their parent. The article concludes with 3 recommendations to include communication partners in AR, ranging from invitations to the hearing health care appointment, the physical setup of the room, introducing discussion regarding family-centered care, and the use of tools to promote a structured discussion to include all in the shared decision-making process.
Performance analysis of hybrid MAC scheme with multi‐slot reservation
Authors: Cao Xuelin , Yang Bo , Song Zuxun
Published: December 2017

The multi‐slot reservation‐based hybrid medium access control (MAC) protocol with collision prevention is analysed under a high‐density deployment scenario. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of the proposed model (i.e. within 4% maximum relative error), which plays a theoretical guiding role in the MAC layer design and optimisation of a heterogeneous network system.
Prediction of the dynamic contact resistance of circuit breaker based on the kernel partial least squares
Authors: Liu Yakui , Zhang Guogang , Qin Hao , Geng Yingsan , Wang Jianhua , Yang Jinggang , Zhao Ke
Published: December 2017

In order to diagnose the ablation characteristics of circuit breakers, the dynamic contact resistance measurement (DRM) has been proposed for almost 20 years. The dynamic resistance curves are easily influenced by two factors: injected current and opening velocity. The two factors are greatly affected the curves and may led a wrong diagnosis in DRM tests. Through analysis of the influence factors, an experimental model is used to simulate the opening process of the breaker in this study. The effective contact area of contact finger which is used in the experimental model under different velocities and current are measured by using the laser scanning microscope. The measurement proves that the changing of effective contact area plays determinative roles in the influencing of injected current and opening velocity. Then, the kernel partial least squares regression method is used to establish the model formula between influencing parameters and the dynamic contact resistance to realise the prediction of the dynamic contact resistance curves. Furthermore, the prediction model also can be used in other current carrying dry sliding friction conditions.
Modified hybrid model of boost converters for parameter identification of passive components
Authors: Ren Lei , Gong Chunying
Published: December 2017

Condition monitoring has been recognised as an effective and low‐cost method to enhance the reliability and improve the maintainability of power electronic converters. Hybrid model‐based monitoring method is an advanced implementation means due to its non‐invasive ways. However, the existing hybrid model is not fit for boost‐derived converters for its ignorance of the suddenly change in the diode current caused by switching actions. To solve this problem, a correction term is introduced to modify the primary model. The inductor parasitic resistance is considered for higher accuracy and the gate signal sensor is cancelled for lower complexity. In order to verify the modified model, a parameter identification method based on wavelet denoising (WTD) and recursive least squares arithmetic is proposed. Non‐ideal factors (noise and voltage spikes) are analysed and the superiority of the proposed parameter identification scheme is verified. Compared to the primary model, the modified model can achieve higher identification accuracy with fewer sensors, which is more suitable for condition monitoring of Boost converters. The proposed model has been successfully substantiated by the simulation and experimental results of a Boost converter.
HVDC topology structure using existing ac cable lines for integrating renewable energy sources
Authors: Xu Feng , Xuan Xiaohua , Lu Yi , Qiu Peng , Jiang Daozhuo , Chen Qian
Published: December 2017

To solve the problem of the space charge accumulation of ac cable and upgrade the transmission capacity in the conversion of ac lines to dc, a new power transmission topology which is called the square wave ac (SWAC)‐based high‐voltage dc (HVDC) is proposed. In this topology, the voltage of each phase is changed in a certain frequency to weaken the accumulation of the space charge. For the effective implementation of this transmission mode, a voltage and current modulation strategy is proposed, which can upgrade the maximum power transmission capacity of the SWAC‐HVDC to 1.41 times of the conventional bipolar HVDC. For the variable resistor used for current regulation, the resistance distribution scheme is studied, and a general formula is derived. The steady and transient simulation results in power systems computer‐aided design/electro‐magnetic transient design and control show the feasibility of the SWAC‐HVDC and its control strategy.
Dynamic stability of weak grid connection of large‐scale DFIG based on wind turbines
Authors: Tian Xinshou , Tang Haiyan , Li Yan , Chi Yongning , Su Yuanyuan
Published: December 2017

The proportion of installed wind power capacity in power grid continues to increase, which makes the coupled interaction between wind generators and power grid becomes more severe, then the operation characteristics of power grid during grid disturbance may change, especially in the weak grid. There may be dynamic stability issues in a weak grid connection of large‐scale doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind turbines. To study the operation characteristics and control problem of the power grid formed by the interconnection of the asynchronous power source based on power electronics equipment, a sensitivity analysis method based on interaction is adopted considering the conventional method cannot consider correctly the physical response of electrical components under a quasi‐steady‐state time‐scale. Then the interaction stability mechanism between the DFIG‐based wind turbine and wind power integration system and its influence factors are deduced. Finally, the influence of power disturbance and short circuit fault on the stability of the large‐scale DFIG‐based wind turbine integration system is analysed with the simulation results.
Long‐term reliability evaluation for small hydro‐power generations based on flow runoff theory
Authors: Chen Lili , Ding Yi , Li Haitao , Jin Guiyang
Published: December 2017

Electric power output from a small hydro‐power (SHP) generator is usually determined by the water flow, which fluctuates slowly in short term. However, for long term, the water flow varies greatly with the seasonal changes. This uncertainty will take great impacts on system reliability, especially for systems with high hydro‐power penetration. This study presents a methodology to evaluate the reliability of SHP generators. The mechanism of producing and conflux of flow runoff is studied and modelled utilising universal generating function (UGF) methods. The power generation reliability and availability of a single SHP generator and several SHP generators clustered together in groups are represented as the corresponding UGFs. The expected generated energy and the generation availability are used to evaluate the reliability of SHP generators. The modified IEEE case of six SHP generators in Brazilian rivers is evaluated by the proposed method.
Quality of Life of People with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome after Surgery
Authors: Frandoloso Silvio , Pimentel Henrique , Bedin Thais , Silva Bruna , Cunha Bellinati Natalia
Published: December 2017

Purpose To evaluate the quality of life of patients with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (N-TOS) who underwent surgery via the supraclavicular approach.

Method Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and an evaluation of the pain and quality of life of 29 patients was performed.

Results The average age of the patients was 42 years, and most of them were female. All of them had one or more associated pathologies. They all worked in occupations that involved repetitive movement of the upper limbs. The evaluation of the degree of pain showed that the pain remains preponderant and incapacitating in the life of these individuals, who consequently enjoy a low quality of life.

Conclusion These patients presented low quality of life, with persistent pain probably resulting from the associated pathologies, in addition to their psychosocial context. Thus, in order to treat the TOS, an intervention of a multidisciplinary team with a holistic view of the patient is required.
Hauttumoren des Hundes
Authors: Gedon Julia
Published: December 2017

Beim Hund sind Hauttumoren ein häufiger Grund für eine Vorstellung beim Tierarzt. Ihre Malignität wird
deutlich unterschätzt, denn immerhin verhalten sich etwa 20–30 % aller Hauttumoren beim Hund maligne
[19]. Eine gute Diagnostik und eine adäquate Therapie sind daher
essenziell für die weitere Prognose [12].
Markenbildung durch Standardisierung
Authors: Solcher Bertram
Published: December 2017

Fallbeispiel Eine konsequente Standardisierung von Abläufen – das ist das Erfolgsrezept des Unternehmens Surgical Process Institute.
Ziel ist es, Ergebnisse, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Service zu verbessern – vor allem im OP. Ein Fallbeispiel.
Phytotherapie im Klimakterium
Authors: Dorstewitz Hartmut
Published: December 2017

In Anbetracht der Nebenwirkungen und Risiken hormoneller Therapien bei klimakterischen Beschwerden suchen Patientinnen häufig nach wirksamen
Alternativen. Die Phytotherapie bietet gute Möglichkeiten die Beschwerden zu lindern. Bewährte Phytotherapeutika sind: Mönchspfeffer,
Traubensilberkerze und Sibirischer Rhabarber.

Erfahrungsgemäß sollte beim Einsetzen klimakterischer Beschwerden zuerst mit der Phytotherapie begonnen werden und nicht umgekehrt, da durch
die supprimierende Wirkung der Hormone die pflanzlichen Wirkstoffe schlechtere Chancen zur Selbstregulation haben.
Application of automatic gain control for radiometer diagnostic in SST-1 tokamak
Authors: Makwana Foram R. , Siju Varsha , Edappala Praveenlal , Pathak S. K.
Published: December 2017

This paper describes the characterisation of a negative feedback type of automatic gain control (AGC) circuit that will be an integral part of the heterodyne radiometer system operating at a frequency range of 75–86 GHz at SST-1 tokamak. The developed AGC circuit is a combination of variable gain amplifier and log amplifier which provides both gain and attenuation typically up to 15 dB and 45 dB, respectively, at a fixed set point voltage and it has been explored for the first time in tokamak radiometry application. The other important characteristics are that it exhibits a very fast response time of 390 ns to understand the fast dynamics of electron cyclotron emission and can operate at very wide input RF power dynamic range of around 60 dB that ensures signal level within the dynamic range of the detection system.
Observations of elongated whistler waves in the inertial regime
Authors: Joshi Garima , Ravi G. , Mukherjee S.
Published: December 2017

Experimental observations of a new regime of whistler propagation in the laboratory are reported in this paper. The experiments are carried out in a large laboratory unbound uniform plasma with a density of ne ∼ 109–1011 cm−3 and a magnetic field of 1–20 G. Studies are performed in the electron magnetohydrodynamic regime, which is governed by electron dynamics with Le ≪ L ≪ Li and τci ≫ τ  ≫  τce, where L and τ are the spatial and temporal scale lengths of the perturbations, Le and Li the electron and ion Larmor radii, respectively, and τci and τce the temporal scales corresponding to the ion gyrofrequency and electron gyrofrequency, respectively. The complete topology of the perturbed wave magnetic field is unravelled by mapping it on a two dimensional grid over repeated plasma shots. It is observed that the excited waves are elongated whistlers in the propagation direction. However, in the perpendicular direction, the extent is limited to scale lengths of the order of natural scale length of plasma, i.e., the skin depth (∼c/ωpe), rather than being oblique as predicted by theory and observed in other experiments. The wave shows a feeble resonance cone at an angle of ∼10° but no obliqueness. Also, the secondary induction, which helps the wave to propagate further into the plasma, does not manifest within the spatial scale lengths characteristic to this regime. However, the wave is still able to maintain the whistler speed calculated for the given plasma and pulsed current parameters. It is speculated that the natural scale length (skin depth) and in turn the electron inertia may play a significant role, leading to the observed results. A physical model is also presented that could possibly explain the observed phenomena.
Elastic metasurfaces for splitting SV- and P-waves in elastic solids
Authors: Su Xiaoshi , Lu Zhaocheng , Norris Andrew N.
Published: December 2017

Although recent advances have made it possible to manipulate electromagnetic and acoustic wavefronts with sub-wavelength metasurface slabs, the design of elastodynamic counterparts remains challenging. We introduce a novel but simple design approach to control SV-waves in elastic solids. The proposed metasurface can be fabricated by cutting an array of aligned parallel cracks in a solid such that the materials between the cracks act as plate-like waveguides in the background medium. The plate array is capable of modulating the phase change of SV-wave while keeping the phase of P-wave unchanged. An analytical model for SV-wave incidence is established to calculate the transmission coefficient and the transmitted phase through the plate-like waveguide explicitly. A complete 2π range of phase delay is achieved by selecting different thicknesses for the plates. An elastic metasurface for splitting SV- and P-waves is designed and demonstrated using full wave finite element simulations. Two metasurfaces for focusing plane and cylindrical SV-waves are also presented.
Plasma flow modeling for Huels-type arc heater with turbulent diffusion
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Esser Burkard , Steffens Lars , Gülhan Ali
Published: December 2017

In this study, we developed an analytical model for the flow field in the Huels-type arc-heated wind tunnel (L2K) of the German Aerospace Center. This flow-field model can be used to accurately reproduce the discharge behavior in the heating section and expansion in the nozzle section of L2K. It includes the radiation transport and turbulent flow as well as thermochemical nonequilibrium models, which are tightly coupled with electric field calculations. In addition, we considered the turbulent diffusion model for the mass conservation of the species and performed numerical simulations for several cases with and without the turbulent diffusion model. Computations were conducted to obtain the general characteristics of an arc-heated flow containing an arc discharge and supersonic expansion. We verified that radiation and turbulence play important roles in the transfer of heat from the high-temperature core flow to the outer cold gas in the heating section of L2K. In addition, we performed parametric studies that involved varying the degree of turbulent diffusion. The results showed that turbulent diffusion has a large influence on the formation of the arc discharge in the heating section and on the enthalpy distribution at the nozzle exit.
Gas eruption phenomenon happening from Ga-In alloy in NaOH electrolyte
Authors: Zhao Ruiqi , Wang Hongzhang , Tang Jianbo , Rao Wei , Liu Jing
Published: December 2017

We report a gas eruption phenomenon caused by electrolysis of a liquid Ga-In alloy in an electrolyte, especially NaOH solution. A volcanic eruption-like blowout of gas occurred from the orifice on the alloy surface. In addition to the gas plume, large gas bubbles were also generated and the total gas yield increased as the In ratio was increased. It is found that the destructiveness of the passivation layer on the Ga-In alloy is critical to gas generation. The mechanism of gas eruption can be ascribed to a galvanic interaction between the passivation film and the connected alloy, because of their different electrochemical activity in the electrolyte. Further investigation demonstrated that the lattice of the film expands because of the incorporation of indium, which brings about the decrease in the bandgap and finally enhances more gas generation. These findings regain the basic understanding of a room temperature liquid metal inside an electrolyte.
Litigating for Liberty: Enslaved Morisco Children in Sixteenth-Century Valladolid
Authors: Cavanaugh Stephanie M.
Published: December 2017

Morisco children captured during the Granadan war of 1568–70, known as the Second War of the Alpujarras, could attain legal but limited freedom in accordance with Philip II’s 1572 law against the enslavement of Morisco minors. Those manumitted were meant to remain servants in Old Christian households until the age of majority. The Spanish monarchy recognized the political value of controlling children. Aiming to turn the children of Morisco rebels into proper Christian subjects, the king authorized and facilitated their liberation as part of a larger project of Morisco conversion. Granadan Moriscos worked within the law in pursuit of liberation, yet took action to reunite families separated by slavery and deportation when possible.
Corrigendum to “The classical Artin approximation theorems”
Authors: Hauser Herwig
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this note is to clarify and complement various places in the article The classical Artin approximation theorems, published in Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 54 (2017), no. 4, 595–633. A few reasonings in the article may have been difficult to follow or were even problematic. The author is indebted to F. Castro-Jiménez, C. Chiu, R. Ephraim, B. Lamel, S. Perlega, G. Pfister, G. Rond, M. Singer, S. Woblistin, and particularly to an anonymous referee for valuable feedback.
Ontogenetic partial migration is associated with environmental drivers and influences fisheries interactions in a marine predator
Authors: Lea James S E , Wetherbee Bradley M , Sousa Lara L , Aming Choy , Burnie Neil , Humphries Nicolas E , Queiroz Nuno , Harvey Guy M , Sims David W , Shivji Mahmood S
Published: December 2017

The ability to predict animal movement based on environmental change is essential for understanding the dynamic nature of their spatial ecology, and in turn the effectiveness of conservation strategies. We used a large marine predator that displays partial migration (the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier) as a model to test the role of oceanic conditions in predicting the space-use of different size classes. By using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs), we revealed that environmental variables (sea surface temperature, primary productivity, thermal fronts, and bathymetry) had much greater predictive power for the movements of large, migratory tiger sharks than for small, resident individuals. We also found that coverage of tiger shark movements within “shark sanctuaries” (protected areas specifically for sharks) in the northwest Atlantic could be increased from 12 to 52% through inclusion of Bermuda’s waters. However, as large tiger sharks are migratory, over 80% of potential longline fisheries interactions would still occur outside the boundaries of even the expanded protected areas. This emphasises that management of highly migratory species needs to be dynamic and account for changing interactions with fisheries over time, which in a changing climate may rely on predicting movements based on oceanic conditions to be effective.
SILVERRUSH. II. First catalogs and properties of ∼2000 Lyα emitters and blobs at z ∼ 6–7 identified over the 14–21 deg2 sky
Authors: Shibuya Takatoshi , Ouchi Masami , Konno Akira , Higuchi Ryo , Harikane Yuichi , Ono Yoshiaki , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Masakazu A R , Kajisawa Masaru , Nagao Tohru , Furusawa Hisanori , Goto Tomotsugu , Kashikawa Nobunari , Komiyama Yutaka , Kusakabe Haruka , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Momose Rieko , Nakajima Kimihiko , Tanaka Masayuki , Wang Shiang-Yu , Yuma Suraphong
Published: December 2017

We present an unprecedentedly large catalog consisting of 2230 ≳ L* Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 5.7 and 6.6 on the 13.8 and 21.2 deg2 sky, respectively, that are identified by the SILVERRUSH program with the first narrow-band imaging data of the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. We confirm that the LAE catalog is reliable on the basis of 96 LAEs whose spectroscopic redshifts are already determined by this program and previous studies. This catalogue is also available online. Based on this catalogue, we derive the rest-frame Lyα equivalent-width distributions of LAEs at z ≃ 5.7–6.6 that are reasonably explained by the exponential profiles with scale lengths of ≃ 120–170 Å, showing no significant evolution from z ≃ 5.7 to z ≃ 6.6. We find that 275 LAEs with large equivalent widths (LEWs) of >240 Å are candidates of young metal poor galaxies and AGNs. We also find that the fraction of LEW LAEs to all LAEs is 4% and 21% at z ≃ 5.7 and z ≃ 6.6, respectively. Our LAE catalog includes 11 Lyα blobs (LABs) that are LAEs with spatially extended Lyα emission with a profile that is clearly distinguished from those of stellar objects at the ≳3σ level. The number density of the LABs at z = 6–7 is ∼10−7–10−6 Mpc−3, being ∼10–100 times lower than those claimed for LABs at z ≃ 2–3, suggestive of disappearing LABs at z ≳ 6, albeit with the different selection methods and criteria for the low and high-z LABs.
Dopamine D2-receptor Antagonist Droperidol Deepens Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Araki Ryuhei , Hayashi Kazuko , Sawa Teiji
Published: December 2017

Background

Although midbrain dopaminergic pathways are known to contribute to arousal and emergence from anesthesia, few reports exist regarding the anesthetic effects of dopamine D2 receptor antagonism in humans. This study examined the effect of the D2 receptor antagonist droperidol on sevoflurane anesthesia by examining α and slow wave electroencephalogram oscillations.

Methods

Forty-five patients, age 20 to 60 yr, were enrolled. Frontal electroencephalograms were continuously collected for offline analysis via Bispectral Index monitoring. After induction of anesthesia, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was deliberately maintained at 1%, and intravenous droperidol (0.05 mg/kg bolus) was administered. Electroencephalogram changes were examined in power spectrum and bicoherence, before and 10 min after droperidol injection, then compared using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and/or paired t test.

Results

Droperidol significantly augmented the α-bicoherence peak induced by sevoflurane from 30.3% (24.2%, 42.4%) to 50.8% (41.7%, 55.2%) (median [25th, 75th percentiles]; P < 0.0001), Hodges-Lehman median difference, 15.8% (11.3 to 21.4%) (95% CI). The frequency of the α-bicoherence peak was simultaneously shifted to the lower frequency; from 11.5 (11.0, 13.0) to 10.5 (10.0, 11.0) Hz (median [25th, 75th percentiles], P < 0.0001). Averaged bicoherence in the δ-θ area increased conspicuously from 17.2% (15.6 to 18.7%) to 25.1% (23.0 to 27.3%) (mean [95% CI]; P < 0.0001), difference, 8.0% (6.0 to 9.9%).

Conclusions

Droperidol augments both α and δ-θ bicoherences while shifting the α-bicoherence peaks to lower frequencies, and enhances the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on the electroencephalogram via γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated oscillatory network regulation.
Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in the Post–Acute Coronary Syndrome Patient
Authors: Bobadilla Rodel V.
Published: December 2017

Background:

After acute coronary syndrome, guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor for a period of 12 months for the prevention of secondary cardiovascular events. However, the risk of recurrent ischemic events can persist beyond 12 months, and there has been much debate regarding the benefits of prolonging dual antiplatelet therapy in certain patient populations.

Purpose:

The purpose of this review was to investigate the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in the post–acute coronary syndrome patient.

Conclusion:

Extended dual antiplatelet therapy has been associated with an increased risk of bleeding, which must be considered along with the anti-ischemic benefits of dual antiplatelet therapy when deciding on the optimal treatment duration for individual patients.

Clinical Implications:

Treatment duration must be tailored to the patient after a thorough evaluation of individual ischemic and bleeding risk factors.
Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Pediatric Patients on Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Puri Kriti , Jeewa Aamir , Adachi Iki , Denfield Susan W. , Cabrera Antonio G. , Price Jack F. , Humlicek Timothy J. , Burki Sarah , Dreyer William J. , Shah Mona D.
Published: December 2017

The prevalence and characteristics of anemia and iron deficiency in children supported by a ventricular assist device (VAD) are unknown. Patients <21 years of age on durable VAD support for ≥7 days at Texas Children’s Hospital from 2006 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Red blood cell (RBC) and iron deficiency indices in pulsatile VAD (P-VAD) and continuous-flow VAD (CF-VAD) were evaluated. Anemia, iron deficiency, and iron therapy regimens were identified. Seventy-six VAD implants in 74 patients were included: 45 P-VAD and 31 CF-VAD. Overall, 48% (36/75) of patients were anemic at VAD implant, with 67% of CF-VAD and 34% of P-VAD affected. Iron deficiency was seen in 52% (39/75) of patients at implant (similar in both groups). At explant, 71% (53/75) had anemia (similar in both groups). No patients had microcytosis. Iron supplementation was given to 20 patients, with four receiving target replacement therapy (2–6 mg/kg/d × 90 days). Red blood cell transfusion volumes were higher for P-VAD versus CF-VAD. We concluded that anemia and iron deficiency are common in pediatric VAD patients. Pulsatile VAD patients tend to develop anemia over the course of VAD support. Lack of microcytosis, likely masked by high RBC transfusions, suggests that specific iron studies are necessary to identify iron deficiency.
Rising Rates of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy as a Treatment for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Jerome-D'Emilia Bonnie , Kushary Debashis , Suplee Patricia D.
Published: December 2017

Background

The rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in women with unilateral mastectomy is increasing with no plateau.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of patient- and tumor-related factors that influenced the choice of mastectomy with CPM as treatment for early-stage breast cancer at an academic medical center in New Jersey.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of 10 years of breast cancer data including 1556 women aged 40 to 80 years treated for breast cancer at an academic medical center. Logistic regression models identified possible associations between type of surgery and various patient- and tumor-related characteristics.

Results

Women most likely to be treated with CPM were younger (P < .0001), white (P = .003), and privately insured (P < .0001). Factors that increased the odds of receiving CPM included year of surgery (odds ratio, 1.441; confidence interval, 1.328–1.564) and residing in a relatively wealthy community (odds ratio, 11.159; confidence interval, 3.467–35.917).

Conclusions

The rate of CPM as a treatment for unilateral breast cancer continues to rise, and this treatment decision seems to be relatively independent of tumor-related factors and clinical evidence of efficacy. More research is needed to ascertain why women are choosing this surgical option.

Implications for Practice

The large majority who are choosing CPM are doing so regardless of the lack of clinical efficacy, yet there are few articles in the nursing literature preparing nurses to understand and counsel these women who may be asking for advice. Nurses are well situated to provide unbiased and fact-based information to help women making potentially life-altering decisions in response to a cancer diagnosis.
The fear of cancer recurrence literature continues to move forward: a review article
Authors: Maheu Christine , Galica Jacqueline
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review

The volume of literature addressing fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is rapidly increasing. A summary of key developments in the research and treatment of FCR was published by Sharpe et al. in 2017, and the current review focuses on works published thereafter.

Recent findings

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide an up-to-date summary of peer-reviewed publications focusing on FCR. The search consisted of the most recent FCR reports published between 2016 and 2017, which can be broadly categorized as: methods of assessment; associations with FCR; FCR and caregivers; and FCR interventions.

FCR assessments continue to undergo revisions, which may have positive implications for clinicians and researchers seeking shorter measures to assess the FCR of their patients and study participants. However, research is needed to determine if a shorter FCR measure could be created using items that measure the construct alone, yet still retaining optimal sensitivity and specificity, or also with its determinants and consequences. Doing so would result in either unidimensional or multidimensional measure of FCR. Notwithstanding these matters in FCR assessment, the state of the literature continues to advance our understanding about characteristics of survivors with highest FCR, which is useful to identify patients in need of FCR interventions. These empirical results are useful to further investigate the theoretical distinctions of FCR.
A pilot registry of trauma surgeons willing and ready to respond to disasters
Authors: Grabo Daniel , Strumwasser Aaron , Remick Kyle , Briggs Susan
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

A well-defined means of organizing surgeons based on functional capabilities in disaster response has been lacking. We sought to create a pilot registry of surgeons, organized by functional capacities, available to respond to disasters in conjunction with the American College of Surgeons Operation Giving Back and to better understand their participation in disaster medicine training.

METHODS

The authors conducted a survey of the members of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma and the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma aimed at establishing a pilot registry of qualified trauma surgeons available to respond to disasters. Data from the surveys were analyzed retrospectively for surgical and subspecialty training, board certification, disaster response training, and military or civilian disaster experience to better understand the respondents' functional capacities and disaster training backgrounds.

RESULTS

Of 211 respondents, 96% self-identified as trauma surgeons, whereas 87% and 89% reported active practice in acute care surgery and/or critical care. Nearly all had primary board certifications in general surgery (93%), and many had additional certifications in surgical critical care (65%). While many reported participation in American College of Surgeons–sponsored trauma courses, only 30% of those surveyed received disaster-specific training in Federal Emergency Management Agency courses, and even fewer received training in the Disaster Management and Emergency Preparedness course. Few had military (26%) or civilian (19%) experience in disaster response.

CONCLUSIONS

This initiative complements efforts to organize a registry of trauma surgeons who are qualified and willing to respond in all aspects of disaster response. While trauma surgeons are optimally positioned to provide a wide range of surgical expertise in a disaster, this study further demonstrated the lack of a universally accepted disaster training program for surgeons willing to respond to mass casualty incidents. Standardized disaster response training for surgeons remains a challenge for the future.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Care management, level IV.
Post-discharge adherence with venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after orthopedic trauma: Results from a randomized controlled trial of aspirin versus low molecular weight heparin
Authors: Haac Bryce E. , Van Besien Richard , O’Hara Nathan N. , Slobogean Gerard P. , Manson Theodore T. , O’Toole Robert V. , Johal Herman , Berger Peter Z. , Reahl George B. , Marinos Dimitrius , Degani Yasmin , Mascarenhas Daniel , Connelly Daniel , Scalea Thomas M. , Stein Deborah M.
Published: December 2017

Background

Orthopedic trauma patients are often treated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis with aspirin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) after discharge from their index admission, but adherence patterns are not known. We hypothesized that overall adherence would be moderate and greater with aspirin compared to LMWH.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled trial of adult trauma patients with an operative extremity fracture or any pelvic/acetabular fracture requiring VTE prophylaxis. Patients were randomized to receive either LMWH 30 mg BID or aspirin 81 mg BID. Patients prescribed outpatient prophylaxis were contacted between 10 and 21 days after discharge to assess adherence measured by the validated Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Adherence scores were compared between the two treatment arms with similar results for intention-to-treat and as-treated analyses. As-treated multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with low-medium adherence scores.

Results

One hundred fifty patients (64 on LMWH, 86 on aspirin) on chemoprophylaxis at time of follow-up completed the questionnaire. As-treated analysis showed that adherence was high overall (mean MMAS 7.2 out of 8, SD 1.5) and similar for the two regimens (LMWH: 7.4 vs. aspirin: 7.0, p = 0.13). However, patients on LMWH were more likely to feel hassled by their regimen (23% vs. 9%, p = 0.02). In a multivariable model, low-medium adherence was associated with taking LMWH as the prophylaxis medication (aOR 2.34, CI 1.06–5.18, p = 0.04), having to self-administer the prophylaxis (aOR 4.44, CI 1.45–13.61, p < 0.01), being of male sex (aOR 2.46, CI 1.10–5.49, p = 0.03), and of younger age (aOR 0.72 per additional 10 years of age, CI 0.57–0.91, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Overall post-discharge adherence with VTE prophylaxis was high. Several factors, including prophylaxis by LMWH, were associated with decreased adherence. These factors should be considered when managing patients and designing efficacy trials.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic, level II.
Subject-specific multi-poroelastic model for exploring the risk factors associated with the early stages of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Guo Liwei , Vardakis John C. , Lassila Toni , Mitolo Micaela , Ravikumar Nishant , Chou Dean , Lange Matthias , Sarrami-Foroushani Ali , Tully Brett J. , Taylor Zeike A. , Varma Susheel , Venneri Annalena , Frangi Alejandro F. , Ventikos Yiannis
Published: December 2017

There is emerging evidence suggesting that Alzheimer's disease is a vascular disorder, caused by impaired cerebral perfusion, which may be promoted by cardiovascular risk factors that are strongly influenced by lifestyle. In order to develop an understanding of the exact nature of such a hypothesis, a biomechanical understanding of the influence of lifestyle factors is pursued. An extended poroelastic model of perfused parenchymal tissue coupled with separate workflows concerning subject-specific meshes, permeability tensor maps and cerebral blood flow variability is used. The subject-specific datasets used in the modelling of this paper were collected as part of prospective data collection. Two cases were simulated involving male, non-smokers (control and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) case) during two states of activity (high and low). Results showed a marginally reduced clearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/interstitial fluid (ISF), elevated parenchymal tissue displacement and CSF/ISF accumulation and drainage in the MCI case. The peak perfusion remained at 8 mm s
−1
between the two cases.
Patchiness and scale-free correlations: characterising criticality in ecosystems
Authors: Sankaran Sumithra , Majumder Sabiha , Viswanathan Ashwin , Guttal Vishwesha
Published: December 2017

Diverse ecosystems exhibit clusters that follow scale-free size distributions and lack a characteristic scale. In phase-transition theory, it is well known that scale-free behaviours arise at critical points. Scale-free behaviours, therefore, typically indicate a lack of resilience. Yet, many ecological studies associate loss of scale-free clustering with reduced resilience, presenting an intriguing inconsistency with the physics literature. Our synthesis of literature on cluster sizes in physics and ecology reveals that empirically observed scale-free clustering in ecosystems can be parsi-moniously explained by facilitative interactions. Our synthesis of theory, aided by analyses of a minimal spatial model, shows that scale-free clustering may occur far away from, near or at the critical point of ecosystem collapse depending on the strength of local facilitation. Thus, contrary to current thinking in the literature, we conclude that clustering patterns are unrelated to critical points of ecosystem collapse. Scale-free clustering, instead, indicates a different threshold called a percolation point, which signifies the onset of spanning clusters in the landscape. Finally, we suggest that ecosystem criticality can be characterized by scale-free spatial correlations in the system. Our synthesis resolves subtle links between local facilitative interactions and macroscopic patterns of scale-free clustering, scale-free correlations and ecosystem resilience, and offers future directions to investigate these phenomena.