bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Male Reproductive Organs in the Transmission of African Swine Fever—Implications for Transmission
Authors: Roszyk Hanna , Franzke Kati , Breithaupt Angele , Deutschmann Paul , Pikalo Jutta , Carrau Tessa , Blome Sandra , Sehl-Ewert Julia
Published: December 2021

African swine fever (ASF) has evolved from an exotic animal disease to a threat to global pig production. An important avenue for the wide-spread transmission of animal diseases is their dissemination through boar semen used for artificial insemination. In this context, we investigated the role of male reproductive organs in the transmission of ASF. Mature domestic boars and adolescent wild boars, inoculated with different ASF virus strains, were investigated by means of virological and pathological methods. Additionally, electron microscopy was employed to investigate in vitro inoculated sperm. The viral genome, antigens and the infectious virus could be found in all gonadal tissues and accessory sex glands. The viral antigen and viral mRNAs were mainly found in mononuclear cells of the respective tissues. However, some other cell types, including Leydig, endothelial and stromal cells, were also found positive. Using RNAScope, p72 mRNA could be found in scattered halo cells of the epididymal duct epithelium, which could point to the disruption of the barrier. No direct infection of spermatozoa was observed by immunohistochemistry, or electron microscopy. Taken together, our results strengthen the assumption that ASFV can be transmitted via boar semen. Future studies are needed to explore the excretion dynamics and transmission efficiency.
Preclinical Assessment of Bacteriophage Therapy against Experimental Acinetobacter baumannii Lung Infection
Authors: Wienhold Sandra-Maria , Brack Markus C. , Nouailles Geraldine , Krishnamoorthy Gopinath , Korf Imke H. E. , Seitz Claudius , Wienecke Sarah , Dietert Kristina , Gurtner Corinne , Kershaw Olivia , Gruber Achim D. , Ross Anton , Ziehr Holger , Rohde Manfred , Neudecker Jens , Lienau Jasmin , Suttorp Norbert , Hippenstiel Stefan , Hocke Andreas C. , Rohde Christine , Witzenrath Martin
Published: December 2021

Respiratory infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are difficult to treat and associated with high mortality among critically ill hospitalized patients. Bacteriophages (phages) eliminate pathogens with high host specificity and efficacy. However, the lack of appropriate preclinical experimental models hampers the progress of clinical development of phages as therapeutic agents. Therefore, we tested the efficacy of a purified lytic phage, vB_AbaM_Acibel004, against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii clinical isolate RUH 2037 infection in immunocompetent mice and a human lung tissue model. Sham- and A. baumannii-infected mice received a single-dose of phage or buffer via intratracheal aerosolization. Group-specific differences in bacterial burden, immune and clinical responses were compared. Phage-treated mice not only recovered faster from infection-associated hypothermia but also had lower pulmonary bacterial burden, lower lung permeability, and cytokine release. Histopathological examination revealed less inflammation with unaffected inflammatory cellular recruitment. No phage-specific adverse events were noted. Additionally, the bactericidal effect of the purified phage on A. baumannii was confirmed after single-dose treatment in an ex vivo human lung infection model. Taken together, our data suggest that the investigated phage has significant potential to treat multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections and further support the development of appropriate methods for preclinical evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of phages.
Genome Analysis of an Alphabaculovirus Isolated from the Larch Looper, Erannis ankeraria
Authors: Liu Long , Zhang Zhilin , Liu Chenglin , Qu Liangjian , Wang Dun
Published: December 2021

The larch looper, Erannis ankeraria Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is one of the major insect pests of larch forests, widely distributed from southeastern Europe to East Asia. A naturally occurring baculovirus, Erannis ankeraria nucleopolyhedrovirus (EranNPV), was isolated from E. ankeraria larvae. This virus was characterized by electron microscopy and by sequencing the whole viral genome. The occlusion bodies (OBs) of EranNPV exhibited irregular polyhedral shapes containing multiple enveloped rod-shaped virions with a single nucleocapsid per virion. The EranNPV genome was 125,247 bp in length with a nucleotide distribution of 34.9% G+C. A total of 131 hypothetical open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, including the 38 baculovirus core genes and five multi-copy genes. Five homologous regions (hrs) were found in the EranNPV genome. Phylogeny and pairwise kimura 2-parameter analysis indicated that EranNPV was a novel group II alphabaculovirus and was most closely related to Apocheima cinerarium NPV (ApciNPV). Field trials showed that EranNPV was effective in controlling E. ankeraria in larch forests. The above results will be relevant to the functional research on EranNPV and promote the use of this virus as a biocontrol agent.
A Replication-Competent HIV Clone Carrying GFP-Env Reveals Rapid Env Recycling at the HIV-1 T Cell Virological Synapse
Authors: Wang Lili , Sandmeyer Alice , Hübner Wolfgang , Li Hongru , Huser Thomas , Chen Benjamin K.
Published: December 2021

HIV-1 infection is enhanced by cell–cell adhesions between infected and uninfected T cells called virological synapses (VS). VS are initiated by the interactions of cell-surface HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) and CD4 on target cells and act as sites of viral assembly and viral transfer between cells. To study the process that recruits and retains HIV-1 Env at the VS, a replication-competent HIV-1 clone carrying an Env-sfGFP fusion protein was designed to enable live tracking of Env within infected cells. Combined use of surface pulse-labeling of Env and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) studies, enabled the visualization of the targeted accumulation and sustained recycling of Env between endocytic compartments (EC) and the VS. We observed dynamic exchange of Env at the VS, while the viral structural protein, Gag, was largely immobile at the VS. The disparate exchange rates of Gag and Env at the synapse support that the trafficking and/or retention of a majority of Env towards the VS is not maintained by entrapment by a Gag lattice or immobilization by binding to CD4 on the target cell. A FRAP study of an Env endocytosis mutant showed that recycling is not required for accumulation at the VS, but is required for the rapid exchange of Env at the VS. We conclude that the mechanism of Env accumulation at the VS and incorporation into nascent particles involves continuous internalization and targeted secretion rather than irreversible interactions with the budding virus, but that this recycling is largely dispensable for VS formation and viral transfer across the VS.
Effect of a Community-Based Hepatitis B Virus Infection Detection Combined with Vaccination Program in China
Authors: Liu Xinyao , Qiu Wuqi , Liang Yan , Zhang Wei , Qiu Qian , Bai Xinxin , Dai Guolin , Ma Hao , Hu Hongpu , Zhao Wei , Hu Guangyu
Published: December 2021

Evidence on the effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection screening and vaccination programs remains rare in China. We used a quasi-experimental method, propensity score matching, to evaluate the effects of a community-based HBV infection detection combined with vaccination (HBVIDV) program in a pilot. Data were retrieved from the HBVIDV program implemented between July 2019 and June 2020. Outcomes were the difference between the treatment and control groups in hepatitis B vaccination (≥1 dose), hepatitis B vaccine series completion (≥3 doses), and serologic evidence of vaccine-mediated immunity. Altogether, 26,180 individuals were included, where 6160 (23.5%) individuals were assigned to the treatment group, and 20,020 (76.5%) individuals were assigned to the control group. After propensity score matching, 5793 individuals were matched. The rates of hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B vaccine series completion, and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity in the treatment and control groups were 29.0% vs. 17.8%, 22.1% vs. 13.1%, and 38.2% vs. 27.6%, respectively. The HBVIDV program was significantly associated with increased hepatitis B vaccination rate (OR, 1.884, 95% CI 1.725–2.057), hepatitis B vaccine series completion rate (OR, 1.872, 95% CI 1.696–2.065), and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity (OR, 1.623, 95% CI 1.501–1.755). The greater magnitude of association between HBVIDV program and outcomes was observed among adults aged 35–54 years and adults who live in rural areas. The HBVIDV program was effective in increasing the hepatitis B vaccination rate, hepatitis B vaccine series completion rate, and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity among adults in the pilot. Further focusing the program on special populations and regions may produce more effective results.
Factors Influencing Decision Making Regarding the Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccination in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban, Well-Educated Sample
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed , El-Abasiri Radwa Abdullah , Dardeer Khaled T. , Kamal Manar Ahmed , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Abler Birgit , Marzo Roy Rillera
Published: December 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised the necessity to rapidly develop safe and effective vaccines to limit the spread of infections. Meanwhile, vaccine hesitancy is a significant barrier to community vaccination strategies. Methods: An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2021 during the start of the vaccination campaigns. Results: A total of 1009 subjects participated, and the mean age (±SD) was 29.11 ± 8.2 years. Among them, 68.8% believed that vaccination is an effective method to control the spread of the disease, 81.2% indicated acceptance of the vaccine, and 87.09% reported that their doctor’s recommendation was essential for decision making. After adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics, rural residency (AOR 1.783, 95%CI: 1.256–2.531), working a part-time job (AOR 2.535, 95%CI: 1.202–5.343) or a full-time job (AOR 1.951, 95%CI: 1.056–3.604), being a student (AOR 3.516, 95%CI: 1.805–6.852) and having a partner (AOR 1.457, 95%CI: 1.062–2.00) were significant predictors for higher vaccine acceptance among the study participants. Believing in the vaccine’s efficacy showed the strongest correlation with vaccine acceptance (Spearman’s r = 0.309, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although general vaccine acceptance is high (32.85%) in participants in our study, gender and geographic disparities were observed in the investigated urban population of young, well-educated Egyptians.
Toxoplasma gondii GRA15 DNA Vaccine with a Liposomal Nanocarrier Composed of an SS-Cleavable and pH-Activated Lipid-like Material Induces Protective Immunity against Toxoplasmosis in Mice
Authors: Hasan Tanjila , Kawanishi Ryo , Akita Hidetaka , Nishikawa Yoshifumi
Published: December 2021

Toxoplasma gondii affects the health of humans and livestock and causes severe illness in the fetus and immunocompromised individuals. Because of the high incidence and severe consequences of T. gondii infection, a safe and suitable vaccine is needed. We found that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) consisting of a series of functional materials prepared with vitamin E, such as SS-cleavable and pH-activated lipid-like materials (ssPalmE), were a safe and efficient way to develop next-generation DNA vaccines. In this study, we prepared ssPalmE-LNP to encapsulate pCpG-free-T. gondii dense granule protein 15 DNA (ssPalmE-LNPTgGRA15). Following a challenge infection with avirulent PLK strain of T. gondii, the mice immunized with ssPalmE-LNPTgGRA15 had a significantly higher survival rate and lower clinical scores compared with unimmunized and ssPalmE-LNPnon-coding-immunized mice. Immunization of mice with the ssPalmE-LNPTgGRA15 led to a significantly higher production of specific IgG1 and IG2c antibodies compared with unimmunized and ssPalmE-LNPnon-coding-immunized mice, while there was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of serum interferon-gamma at the acute stage of the infection. These findings indicate that ssPalmE-LNP is an effective cargo for the transportation of DNA vaccines for protozoan infections. To explore the mechanism of protective immunity induced by ssPalmE-LNPTgGRA15, further immunological study is needed in the future.
Multi-Targeted Approaches and Drug Repurposing Reveal Possible SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Alanazi Khalid Mashay , Farah Mohammad Abul , Hor Yan-Yan
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is unprecedented in recent memory owing to the non-stop escalation in number of infections and deaths in almost every country of the world. The lack of treatment options further worsens the scenario, thereby necessitating the exploration of already existing US FDA-approved drugs for their effectiveness against COVID-19. In the present study, we have performed virtual screening of nutraceuticals available from DrugBank against 14 SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Molecular docking identified several inhibitors, two of which, rutin and NADH, displayed strong binding affinities and inhibitory potential against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Further normal model-based simulations were performed to gain insights into the conformational transitions in proteins induced by the drugs. The computational analysis in the present study paves the way for experimental validation and development of multi-target guided inhibitors to fight COVID-19.
Changes in Vaccine Hesitancy in Japan across Five Months during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Related Factors
Authors: Harada Takayuki , Watanabe Takaaki
Published: December 2021

Although vaccination is a particularly important countermeasure against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), vaccine hesitancy may be a barrier to an effective vaccination program. It is understood that attitude towards vaccines is not a simple binominal decision between hesitancy and acceptance, but a continuum with a wide range of related factors. It is also likely to change depending on the present situation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine changes in vaccination attitudes across a five-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors associated with these changes. We conducted a web-based survey with 1000 participants in Japan in September 2021 and examined the relationship between attitudes regarding vaccination and sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychological variables. In addition, we also retrospectively asked for vaccination attitudes as of April 2021. Over the course of five months, we found that vaccine acceptance rates increased from 40.6% to 85.5%. Health-related behaviors such as regular influenza vaccination and medical checkups were consistently associated with vaccine acceptance. Moreover, psychological variables, such as anxiety and risk perception, were associated with changes in vaccination attitudes. As these attitudes can vary depending on time and circumstances, continuous interdisciplinary efforts are required to ensure effective vaccine programs.
Effectiveness of a Nanohydroxyapatite-Based Hydrogel on Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Post-Extraction Sockets of Dogs with Naturally Occurring Periodontitis
Authors: Tanongpitchayes Kittidaj , Randorn Chamnan , Lamkhao Suphatchaya , Chokethawai Komsanti , Rujijanagul Gobwute , Na Lampang Kannika , Somrup Luddawon , Boonyapakorn Chavalit , Thongkorn Kriangkrai
Published: December 2021

Pathological mandibular fracture after dental extraction usually occurs in dogs with moderate to severe periodontitis. A nanohydroxyapatite-based hydrogel (HAP hydrogel) was developed to diminish the limitations of hydroxyapatite for post-extraction socket preservation (PSP). However, the effect of the HAP hydrogel in dogs has still not been widely investigated. Moreover, there are few studies on PSP in dogs suffering from clinical periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the HAP hydrogel for PSP in dogs with periodontitis. In five dogs with periodontitis, the first molar (309 and 409) of each hemimandible was extracted. Consequently, all the ten sockets were filled with HAP-hydrogel. Intraoral radiography was performed on the day of operation and 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post operation. The Kruskal–Wallis test and paired t-test were adopted for alveolar bone regeneration analysis. The results demonstrated that the radiographic grading, bone height measurement, and bone regeneration analysis were positively significant at all follow-up times compared to the day of operation. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging after immersion showed a homogeneous distribution of apatite formation on the hydrogel surface. Our investigation suggested that the HAP hydrogel effectively enhances socket regeneration in dogs with periodontitis and can be applied as a bone substitute for PSP in veterinary dentistry.
Pattern-Induced Visual Discomfort and Anxiety in Migraineurs: Their Relationship and the Effect of Colour
Authors: Hine Trevor J. , White Yolande B. Z.
Published: December 2021

In migraineurs, coloured lenses were found to reduce the visual stress caused by an aversive pattern known to trigger migraines by 70%, but do such patterns also produce a low-level anxiety/fear response? Is this response lessened by colour? We sought to investigate this in a study comprising a broad screening component followed by a dot-probe experiment to elicit attentional biases (AB) to aversive patterns. Undergraduate psychology students completed headache and visual discomfort (VD) questionnaires (N = 358), thereby forming a subject pool from which 13 migraineurs with high visual discomfort and 13 no-headache controls with low visual discomfort, matched on age and sex, completed a dot-probe experiment. Paired stimuli were presented for 500 ms: aversive achromatic 3 cpd square wave gratings vs control, scrambled patterns. These conditions were repeated using the colour that was most comfortable for each participant. VD was greater in the more severe headache groups. On all measures, the migraineurs were more anxious than the controls, and a positive relationship was found between VD and trait anxiety. The 3 cpd gratings elicited an aversive AB in the migraine group which was somewhat reduced by the use of colour, and this was not seen in the controls. The results suggest a new role for colour in reducing visual stress via anxiety/fear reduction.
Assessing Community Disaster Resilience in Flood-Prone Areas of Bangladesh: From a Gender Lens
Authors: Chisty Musabber Ali , Rahman Md. Mostafizur , Khan Nesar Ahmed , Dola Syeda Erena Alam
Published: December 2021

The main purpose of this study was to assess the level of community flood resilience with a special focus on gender. A gender perspective ensures the representation of diversified voices in the study. From concept development to data representation, all the steps were completed ensuring gender-based inclusion. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to conduct the study. A total of 402 responses were analyzed as the sample. A linear structured questionnaire was developed by using a five-point Likert scale to collect quantitative data. As part of the qualitative tool, in-depth observation was used in the study. The study found that female members of the community lag in terms of disaster resilience comparing to their male counterparts. The scores in different components of resilience assessment framework indicate that there are gaps in terms of level of resilience from the gender perspective. The same disaster can create a disproportionate level of impact on women and men due to an unequal level of resilience. The study indicates that assessing community disaster resilience and introducing resilience enhancement interventions should focus on a gender-based approach.
Bottom-Pressure Development Due to an Abrupt Slope Reduction at Stepped Spillways
Authors: Ostad Mirza Tehrani Mohammad J. , Matos Jorge , Pfister Michael , Schleiss Anton J.
Published: December 2021

Fluctuating bottom-pressures on stepped chutes are relevant for the spillway design. An abrupt slope reduction causes a local alteration of the bottom-pressure development. Little information is available regarding the air–water flow properties near an abrupt slope reduction on stepped chutes, particularly on the local pressure evolution. Nevertheless, the option of providing a chute slope reduction may be of interest in spillway layout. The experiments presented herein include pressure distributions on both vertical and horizontal step faces, subsequent to an abrupt slope reduction on stepped chutes. A relatively large-scale physical model including abrupt slope reductions from 50° to 18.6° and from 50° to 30° was used, operated with skimming flow. The data indicate a substantial influence of the tested slope reductions on the bottom-pressure development. In the vicinity of the slope reduction, the mean pressure head near the edge of the horizontal step face reached 0.4 to 0.6 times the velocity head upstream of the slope reduction, for critical flow depths normalized by the step height ranging between 2.6 and 4.6.
Comparative Study on Using Various Recovery Stimulation Methods to Boost Nitrification Recovery in SBRs Inhibited by Hazardous Events
Authors: Nguyen Hoang-Duy , Yang Chih-Chi , Dao Khanh-Chau , Le Van-Phat , Tsai Yung-Pin
Published: December 2021

A system consisting of six SBR units was operated in parallel for three phases to investigate the impacts of salinity shock and anaerobic and aerobic starvation on the activated sludge process stability and effects of various recovery stimulation methods on the subsequent recovery period. Different recovery strategies were applied in each SBR unit, including natural recovery, adding bio-accelerators, a stepwise increase feed strategy, a stepwise strategy coupled with bio-accelerators dosing, extended aeration time, and extended aeration time coupled with bio-accelerators dosing. It was concluded that the combination of stepwise strategy and dosing bio-accelerators showed the most efficiency in boosting system recovery after being subjected to NaCl shock and starvation. The boosting effect of the stepwise strategy alone was slightly better in recovery after NaCl shock. Furthermore, extending the aeration rate could bring more positive effects when resuscitating the system after long-term anaerobic starvation. For the unit that only received dosing of bio-accelerators during the recovery period, it could be concluded that there was a specific time requirement for the bio-accelerators to take effect significantly, as the impact of bio-accelerators on the beginning days of recovery periods was very slight. In contrast, adjusting operational regimes such as stepwise increased feed volume or extending aeration time could significantly boost the SBRs from the first recovery days. Hence, highly effective recovery efficiency could be achieved by coupling dosing bio-accelerators with other operational adjustment methods, especially stepwise strategies.
Dual-Side Phase-Shift Control for Strongly Coupled Series–Series Compensated Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Systems
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Shen Zhiwei , Wu Yuanchao , Wang Hui , Pan Wenbin
Published: December 2021

Wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles is an emerging technology and a future trend. To increase power density, the coupling coefficient of coils can be designed to be large, forming a strongly coupled WPT system, different from the conventional loosely coupled WPT system. In this way, the power density and efficiency of the WPT system can be improved. This paper investigates the dual-side phase-shift control of the strongly coupled series–series compensated WPT systems. The mathematical models based on the conventional first harmonic approximation and differential equations for the dual-side phase-shift control are built and compared. The dual-side phase-shift angle and its impact on the power transfer direction and soft switching are investigated. It is found that synchronous rectification at strong couplings can lead to hard switching because the dual-side phase shift in this case is over 90°. In comparison, a relatively high efficiency and soft switching can be realized when the dual-side phase shift is below 90°. The experimental results have validated the analysis.
Adaptación de prótesis oculares: Reporte de caso rehabilitación postrauma
Authors: Zambrano Sánchez Alberto , Solano Galarza Miguel , Mora Vásquez Alejandra Michelle , Moreno Briones Katherine Margoth , Durán Opina Patricia
Published: December 2021

Las prótesis oculares ofrecen la posibilidad de una corrección estética, anatómica y en parte funcional, como una solución terapéutica, basada en los requerimientos individuales del paciente. Con el objetivo de elaborar la prótesis ocular a un paciente de forma personalizada empleando materiales poliméricos y pinturas no tóxicos para brindar una solución estética y anatómica, se reporta un caso de adaptación de prótesis oculares a un paciente de 32 años, quien perdió su ojo derecho por una infección ocular de origen desconocido, tras accidente con cuerpo extraño al conducir sin protección visual en su moto. A los cuatro meses, el globo ocular fue removido por técnica quirúrgica de evisceración. Al cabo de dos meses se adapta una prótesis ocular para su rehabilitación estética. Se realizó impresión de la cavidad oftálmica, fabricación del iris por técnica de visualización y mezcla de polímeros y la pintura del iris a mano. Posteriormente, se elaboraron prototipos de prótesis para humectar la superficie ocular de la misma haciéndola más hidrofílica. A los dos meses de su adaptación, el paciente se diligencia la encuesta de satisfacción y aceptación validada para rehabilitación de prótesis oculares. El paciente desconocía que las prótesis oculares son una opción para su rehabilitación, por otra parte, al ser un caso reciente anatómicamente aún tenía pestañas y anexos oculares, que favorecen la readaptación estética.

Palabras clave: prótesis oculares, ocularistas, optometría, anaplastología, cavidad anoftálmica
Dimensión educativa de una estrategia de superación transdisciplinaria para la gestión de proyectos de investigación en salud
Authors: Betancourt Bethencourt José Aureliano , Martínez Álvarez Fidel Francisco
Published: December 2021

Se evidencian carencias epistemológicas en la gestión de proyectos de investigación en salud que provocan insuficiente introducción de resultados y producción científica. Con el objetivo de realizar una síntesis de los aspectos educativos y sociológicos subyacentes en la estrategia de superación transdisciplinaria para la actualización epistemológica de los profesionales de la salud en la gestión de proyectos de investigación, se hizo un estudio sobre aspectos educativos y sociológicos de la estrategia de superación transdisciplinaria. Para ello, se consultó la bibliografía existente en bases de datos de acceso libre además de documentos, tesis y otros. Se expone una síntesis sobre: a) epistemología del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la gestión de proyectos de investigaciones en la salud pública, b) la actividad en el proceso educativo para la formación de recursos humanos en las investigaciones, c) carácter sistémico de los componentes del proceso educativo para la gestión de proyectos de investigaciones, d) el contexto en la formación de recursos humanos para la gestión de proyectos de investigaciones, y e) formación de valores para los equipos de investigación transdisciplinarios. Se realizó una síntesis de los aspectos educativos y sociológicos subyacentes en la estrategia de superación transdisciplinaria para la actualización epistemológica de los profesionales de la salud pública en la gestión de proyectos de investigación en la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba.

Palabras clave: epistemología, educación, transdisciplinariedad, estrategia de superación, gerencia de investigaciones.
Comportamiento del infarto agudo del miocardio y su asociación con la diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rivero Martínez Pedro Gabriel , Hernández Pedroso Wilfredo , Rittoles Navarro Aliusha , Hernández Pérez Raúl , Molina Borges Mileidis , Lemus Lima Erlys
Published: December 2021

Para determinar el comportamiento de los pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio y su asociación con la diabetes mellitus se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Militar Dr. Luis Díaz Soto de La Habana con diagnóstico de infarto, de enero a diciembre del 2014. Universo de 153 pacientes, conformándose dos grupos según la presencia o no de diabetes mellitus (88 diabéticos y 65 no diabéticos). Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas de distribución de frecuencia absoluta y valor porcentual. El infarto agudo del miocardio fue más frecuente en pacientes diabéticos de mayor edad, con predominio del sexo masculino. Los factores de riesgo más representados fueron la hipertensión arterial, la obesidad y el tabaquismo. Se identificaron con elevada frecuencia en los diabéticos, el infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IMCEST) y su localización inferior.

 

Palabras clave: factores de riesgo; supradesnivel del ST; localización inferior,cardiología, infarto.  

 

Abstract

 

In order to determine the behaviour of the patients with myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) and its association with the diabetes mellitus came true a descriptive and retrospective study in patients affiliated in the Military Hospital Dr. Luis Díaz Soto of Havana with diagnosis of Heart Attack, from January to December 2014. Universe of 153 patients, divided in two groups according to the presence or no of diabetes mellitus (88 diabetics and 65 not diabetics). Statistical techniques of absolute frequency distribution and percentage value were used. The intense infarct of the myocardium was more frequent in elderly patient diabetics of legal age, with a predominance of men. The most risk factors represented were a high blood pressure, the obesity and tobacco addiction. They identified with lofty frequency in the diabetics, the IMCEST and your inferior location.

 

Key words: risk factors; Supraslope of the ST; inferior location, cardiology, heart attack.
Fístulas arteriovenosas en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis Venezuela 2017-2018
Authors: Linares Johan Carlos , Gotera Jennifer
Published: December 2021

La hemodiálisis es el tratamiento para la insuficiencia renal crónica más utilizado en el mundo, y el acceso vascular arteriovenoso con injerto autológo, o con prótesis, continúa siendo el tratamiento de elección para dicha patología. El objetivo fue confeccionar quirúrgicamente FAV en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis que acuden al Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, estado Zulia-Venezuela entre enero 2017 y enero 2018. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, transversal, analizando: Edad, sexo, factores de riesgo, tipos de fístulas y complicaciones. Se realizaron 60 fístulas arteriovenosas, el sexo masculino fue más frecuente con 67 % (n=40), y la edad más afectada estuvo el grupo de 46-65 años 41,6 % (n=25). El principal factor de riesgo fue Diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial con un 41,6 % (n=25), el tipo de fístulas que prevaleció fue la radio cefálica 63,3 % (n=38) y la complicación más común la trombosis 8,3 % (n=5). La FAV es una alternativa, de acceso vascular permanente, para los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica que requieren hemodiálisis, para brindar la mejor opción terapéutica con el propósito de mejorar su calidad de vida.

 

Palabras clave: Insuficiencia renal crónica, fistula arteriovenosa, acceso vascular, hemodiálisis.

 

Abstract

 

Hemodialysis is the most widely used treatment for chronic renal insufficiency in the world, and arteriovenous vascular access with autologous or prosthetic grafts continues to be the treatment of choice for this pathology. The objective was to surgically prepare FAV patients with chronic renal insufficiency in hemodialysis who attended the cardiovascular surgery service of the University Hospital of Maracaibo, Zulia-Venezuela state between January 2017 and January 2018. A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, analyzing: age, sex, risk factors, types of fistulas and complications. Sixty arteriovenous fistulas were performed, the male sex was more frequent 67 % (n = 40), and the most affected age was the group of 46-65 years old 41.6 % (n = 25). The main risk factor was Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension with 41.6 % (n = 25), the type of Fistulas that prevailed was the cephalic Radius 63.3% (n = 38) and the most common complication thrombosis 8.3 % (n = 5). The AVF is an alternative, permanent vascular access, for patients with chronic renal insufficiency requiring hemodialysis, to provide the best therapeutic option in order to improve their quality of life. 

 

Key words: Chronic renal failure, arteriovenous fistula, vascular access, hemodialysis.
Métodos empleados en la valoración del segmento anterior en lámpara de hendidura. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Agudelo Guevara Ana María , Márquez Galvis Mónica Marlene , Pinzón Mora Carol Violet , Mosquera Santos Lina Rocío
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los métodos empleados en la valoración clínica del segmento anterior del ojo y de sus anexos en lámpara de hendidura. En la metodología se revisaron artículos científicos publicados entre 2003 y 2018, en las bases de datos electrónicas: Scopus. Cochrane, EBSCOhost, ProQuest y Google Scholar, mediante las palabras clave: lámpara de hendidura, slit lamp, biomicroscopia, valoración clínica del segmento anterior en los buscadores: MeSH, DeCS y de texto libre que las incluyeran. Se identificaron 39 textos relacionados, dentro de los cuales 20 fueron incluidos por evidenciar descripción de técnicas de exploración, más no métodos de exploración que incluyeran el uso de la lámpara de hendidura. Se evidenció la publicación de textos que describen o proponen técnicas de exploración, más no métodos que la estandarice, por lo que se hace necesario la realización de estudios que planteen métodos de exploración clínica que puedan proponer un orden a dicho proceso, para evitar pasar por alto algún hallazgo clínico importante en el segmento anterior del ojo o de sus anexos.

 

Palabras clave: Biomicroscopio/biomicroscopía ocular, exploración/examen/valoración de la superficie ocular/segmento anterior del ojo.

 

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is a systematic review of methods used in the clinical assessment of the anterior segment of the eye and its annexes in a slit lamp. In the methodology, scientific articles published between 2003 and 2018 were reviewed in the electronic databases: Cochrane, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, with the keywords: slit lamp, slit lamp, Bio microscopy, clinical assessment of the previous segment in the search engines: MeSH, DeCS, and free text that included them. The search found 39 related texts, 20 included for evidencing description of exploration techniques, but not exploration methods that included the use of the slit lamp. The literature reviewed evidence texts that describe or propose exploration techniques, but not methods that standardize it. From the review of the information found, it is necessary to carry out studies that raise clinical exploration methods that can propose an order to this process, to avoid overlooking any significant clinical finding in the anterior segment of the eye or its annexes.

 

Keywords: Ocular biomicroscope/biomicroscopy, guide(s) anterior segment exploration/assessment ocular surface exploration/assessment grading scales.
Apéndice cecal en el conducto herniario. A propósito de un caso
Authors: Hidalgo Calderón Luis , Jarrín E. Xavier , Cedeño Alvarado Verny
Published: December 2021

La hernia de Amyand es una enfermedad rara que se observa en aproximadamente el 1 % de todas las hernias, y sus complicaciones como la apendicitis aguda o perforada, son aún más raras, aproximadamente el 0,1 %. Su diagnóstico es muy difícil en el período preoperatorio y suele ser un hallazgo incidental. Se recibió un paciente masculino de setenta y tres años de edad que acudió al servicio de emergencias debido a dolor abdominal tipo punzante de moderada intensidad localizado en región inguinal derecha de 4 días de evolución, no refirió otros síntomas acompañantes. Se diagnosticó una hernia inguinal Nyhus III, Amyand tipo 2 y se le realizó apendicectomía incidental y reducción del saco herniario. Durante el postoperatorio no se observaron complicaciones.

 

Palabras clave: Hernia de Amyand, hernia de Garengeot, hernia inguinal, apendicitis aguda, apéndice cecal.

 

Abstract

Amyand's hernia is a rare disease seen in approximately 1% of all hernias, and its complications such as acute or perforated appendicitis are even rarer, approximately 0.1%. Its diagnosis is very difficult in the preoperative period and is usually an incidental finding. A seventy-three-year-old male patient was received who came to the emergency service due to stabbing abdominal pain of moderate intensity located in the right inguinal region of 4 days of evolution, he did not refer other accompanying symptoms. A Nyhus III, Amyand type 2 inguinal hernia was diagnosed and incidental appendectomy and reduction of the hernial sac were performed. During the postoperative period, no complications were observed.

 

Keywords: Amyand hernia, Garengeot hernia, inguinal hernia, acute appendicitis, cecal appendix.
Trauma ocular pediátrico: revisión sistemática
Authors: Cáceres Arias Sandra Patricia
Published: December 2021

Por trauma ocular se entiende cualquier lesión que afecte al globo ocular y/o sus anexos, ocasionando daño del tejido. El trauma ocular (TO) es común en la población pediátrica, con un estimado de 840 000 lesiones anuales en los Estados Unidos.  El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los tipos de trauma ocular en la población pediátrica a través de una revisión bibliográfica. Se realizó una revisión de artículos publicados en el periodo entre 2010 y 2018 en las bases de datos Science Direct y Academic Search complet. Los artículos fueron evaluados con la escala PRISMA. A través de la búsqueda en las 2 bases de datos y aplicando los filtros, se encontraron un total de 3 290 artículos, de los cuales se preseleccionan 17 de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión. Por otro lado, en el 53% de los artículos se informó que el TO se presentó de forma unilateral y en el 29 % no se reportó la lateralidad. Se concluyó que el tipo de presentación más frecuente es de globo abierto y afecta en mayor proporción a la población masculina y de forma unilateral. Por estas razones, se considera fundamental aumentar la conciencia pública y generar medidas de seguridad que busquen atenuar la ocurrencia de traumas oculares.

 

Palabras clave: Trauma ocular, lesión ocular, niños, infancia, BETTS, quemaduras.

 

Abstract

By ocular trauma is understood any injury that affects the eyeball and / or its attachments, causing tissue damage. Ocular trauma (OT) is common in the pediatric population, with an estimated 840,000 injuries annually in the United States. The objective of this work was to describe the types of ocular trauma in the pediatric population through a bibliographic review. A review of articles published in the period between 2010 and 2018 was carried out in the Science Direct and Academic Search complet databases. The articles were evaluated with the PRISMA scale. Through the search in the 2 databases and applying the filters, a total of 3,290 articles were found, of which 17 were preselected according to the inclusion criteria. On the other hand, in 53% of the articles it was reported that the OT presented unilaterally and in 29% laterality was not reported. It was concluded that the most frequent type of presentation is open balloon and affects the male population in a greater proportion and unilaterally. For these reasons, it is considered essential to increase public awareness and generate security measures that seek to mitigate the occurrence of ocular trauma.

 

Keywords: Eye trauma, eye injury, children, childhood, BETTS, burns.
Onfalocele gigante y acretismo placentario
Authors: Angarita Durán Daniela Stefania , Torres Delgado Otto Daniel , Virginia Pacheco María , Gil Yelitza , Suárez Belliana
Published: December 2021

El onfalocele se define como un defecto congénito de la pared abdominal por fallo en la fusión de los pliegues del disco embrionario y, como consecuencia, el contenido intraabdominal se encuentra herniado; esto debe estar cubierto por peritoneo, gelatina de Wharton, amnios, centrado en el orificio umbilical con el cordón, originándose del ápex del mismo; la incidencia es de 1 de cada 5000 recién nacidos vivos. Con la intención de describir un caso atípico, se presenta el de una paciente gestante de 35 años de edad, Gesta: IV, Cesáreas: II, Abortos: I y 13/08/2013 como fecha de última menstruación. La paciente fue atendida en la Unidad Ecográfica de Alto Riesgo del Hospital Central Pedro Emilio Carillo (Trujillo, Venezuela), por presentar onfalocele gigante; se sometió a cirugía con los diagnósticos preoperatorios siguientes: 1) embarazo simple de 35 semanas y 2 días por biometría fetal; 2) pródromo de trabajo de parto; 3) onfalocele gigante; y 4) útero cicatrizal. Se le practicó cesárea corporal, histerectomía total con conservación de anexos. El recién nacido vivo presentó onfalocele gigante. Se evidenció placenta previa oclusiva más acretismo placentario, por lo que en el presente trabajo se pretende explicar la importancia del diagnóstico temprano y manejo terapéutico, así como la posible relación entre el onfalocele y placenta acreta a propósito de este caso.

 

Palabras clave: Bolsa de Bogotá, cordón umbilical, acretismo placentario, pentalogía de Cantrell, síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann.

 

Abstract

Omphalocele is defined as a congenital defect of the abdominal wall due to failure in the fusion of the folds of the embryonic disc and, as a consequence, the intra-abdominal content is herniated; this must be covered by peritoneum, Wharton's jelly, amnion, centered in the umbilical orifice with the cord, originating from the apex thereof; the incidence is 1 in 5 000 live newborns. With the intention of describing an atypical case, that of a 35-year-old pregnant woman, Gesta: IV, Caesarean section: II, Abortion: I, and 08/13/2013 as the date of the last menstruation, is presented. The patient was treated at the High Risk Ultrasound Unit of the Pedro Emilio Carillo Central Hospital (Trujillo, Venezuela), for presenting a giant omphalocele; she underwent surgery with the following preoperative diagnoses: 1) simple 35-week and 2-day pregnancy by fetal biometry; 2) labor prodrome; 3) giant omphalocele; and 4) scar uterus. Body caesarean section was performed, total hysterectomy with preservation of annexes. The live newborn had a giant omphalocele. The occlusive placenta prae plus placental accretion was evidenced, therefore, in this work we try to explain the importance of early diagnosis and therapeutic management, as well as the possible relationship between omphalocele and placenta accreta in this case.

 

Keywords: Bogota bag, umbilical cord, placental accreta, pentalogy of Cantrell, Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome.
Capacidad antioxidante total de la dieta vs. balance redox
Authors: Forbes-Hernández Tamara Y. , Betancourt Greity , Rodríguez Daliannis , García Mario A.
Published: December 2021

La asociación inversa que existe entre las dietas ricas en frutas y hortalizas y la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles sigue acaparando importancia a nivel mundial en las líneas de investigación de la nutrición y la dietética. Es por eso que incluir en las estimaciones dietéticas, los aspectos relacionados con la capacidad antioxidante que aportan los alimentos y evaluar la alimentación ya no solo desde la óptica de los indicadores clásicos de calidad, constituye un enfoque novedoso y que resulta importante por su implicación en el estrés oxidativo en la etiología de disímiles enfermedades. Este trabajo presenta los principales aspectos sobre la relación entre la dieta y el balance de las reacciones redox en el organismo, sin pretender abordarlos de forma absoluta e integral.

 

Palabras clave: Capacidad antioxidante, dieta, balance redox, estrés oxidativo.

 

Abstract

The inverse association that exists between diets rich in fruits and vegetables and the appearance of chronic non-communicable diseases continues to gain importance worldwide in the research lines of nutrition and dietetics. That is why including in the dietary estimates, the aspects related to the antioxidant capacity provided by foods and evaluating the diet not only from the point of view of the classic quality indicators, constitutes a novel approach that is important due to its involvement in oxidative stress in the etiology of dissimilar diseases. This work presents the main aspects of the relationship between diet and the balance of redox reactions in the body, without attempting to address them in an absolute and comprehensive way.

 

Keywords: Antioxidant capacity, diet, redox balance, oxidative stress.
Efectividad del uso de la ketamina como analgesia en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de colon
Authors: García Cid Shemanet , Veloz Gómez Irina , Quintana Santos Norys , Valdés Torres Alejandro , Sunderland Tallón Niury
Published: December 2021

El dolor postoperatorio no tratado prolonga la respuesta al stress de la cirugía y por lo tanto tiene efectos deletéreos sobre la función cardiovascular, respiratoria, gastrointestinal, neuroendocrina, metabólica, renal e inmunológica. Además, aumenta la morbimortalidad postoperatoria y puede causar síndromes dolorosos postquirúrgicos persistentes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el uso de la ketamina como analgesia postoperatoria en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de colon, ingresados en el servicio de cirugía del hospital Morón. Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, en el cual la muestra quedo conformada por 49 pacientes programados para dicho tipo de cirugía en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2016 a enero de 2018. Los mismos fueron divididos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos, donde al grupo experimento se le administró el medicamento. Quedó demostrado que la administración en el postoperatorio de ketamina en infusión continua reduce la intensidad del dolor postoperatorio, prolonga el tiempo de requerimientos de analgesia de rescate, disminuye la cantidad de analgesia suplementaria y los efectos adversos.

 

Palabras clave: Analgesia postoperatoria, ketamina, dolor.

 

Abstract

Untreated postoperative pain prolongs the response to surgery stress and therefore has deleterious effects on cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neuroendocrine, metabolic, renal and immune function. In addition, it increases postoperative morbidity and mortality and can cause persistent postoperative pain syndromes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of ketamine as postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing colon surgery admitted to the surgery service of the Morón hospital. A quasi-experimental study was carried out, in which the sample was made up of 49 patients scheduled for this type of surgery in the period from January 2016 to January 2018. They were randomly divided into two groups, where the group experiment was administered the drug. It was demonstrated that the postoperative administration of ketamine in continuous infusion reduces the intensity of postoperative pain, prolongs the time of rescue analgesia requirements, decreases the amount of supplementary analgesia and the adverse effects.

 

Keywords: Postoperative analgesia, ketamine, pain.