bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A step towards sustainable glass fiber reinforced concrete utilizing silica fume and waste coconut shell aggregate
Authors: Zaid Osama , Ahmad Jawad , Siddique Muhammad Shahid , Aslam Fahid , Alabduljabbar Hisham , Khedher Khaled Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Today, it’s getting harder to find natural resources for concrete production. Utilization of the waste materials not just helps in getting them used in concrete, cement, and other construction materials, but also has various secondary advantages, for example, saving in energy, decrease in landfill cost, and protecting climate from pollution. Considering this in the development of modern structural design, utilizing waste materials instead of natural aggregate is a good option to make concrete that is sustainable and eco-friendly. The present research aims to find the impact of adding glass fiber into sustainable concrete made with silica fume, as a partial replacement of cement, and coconut shell added with different ratios as a replacement of coarse aggregate, on concrete mechanical and durability aspects. Various blends were made, with coconut shell as a substitution of coarse aggregates with different ratios. Portland cement was substituted with silica fume at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by cement weight in all concrete blends. The volume ratios of glass fibers utilized in this study were 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%. Adding glass fibers increases concrete density to some extent and then marginally reduces the density of coconut shell concrete. When the percentage of glass fibers increases, the compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of coconut shell concrete also increases. From the lab results and SEM images of the present research display that glass fibers might be utilized in coconut shell concrete to enhance its mechanical and durability attributes, to accomplish sustainable concrete with acceptable strength with ease.
Comparison of endogenously expressed fluorescent protein fusions behaviour for protein quality control and cellular ageing research
Authors: Schneider Kara L. , Wollman Adam J. M. , Nyström Thomas , Shashkova Sviatlana
Published: June 2021

The yeast Hsp104 protein disaggregase is often used as a reporter for misfolded or damaged protein aggregates and protein quality control and ageing research. Observing Hsp104 fusions with fluorescent proteins is a popular approach to follow post stress protein aggregation, inclusion formation and disaggregation. While concerns that bigger protein tags, such as genetically encoded fluorescent tags, may affect protein behaviour and function have been around for quite some time, experimental evidence of how exactly the physiology of the protein of interest is altered within fluorescent protein fusions remains limited. To address this issue, we performed a comparative assessment of endogenously expressed Hsp104 fluorescent fusions function and behaviour. We provide experimental evidence that molecular behaviour may not only be altered by introducing a fluorescent protein tag but also varies depending on such a tag within the fusion. Although our findings are especially applicable to protein quality control and ageing research in yeast, similar effects may play a role in other eukaryotic systems.
Air pollution and retinal vessel diameter and blood pressure in school-aged children in a region impacted by residential biomass burning
Authors: Korsiak Jill , Perepeluk Kay-Lynne , Peterson Nicholas G. , Kulka Ryan , Weichenthal Scott
Published: June 2021

Little is known about the early-life cardiovascular health impacts of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and oxidant gases. A repeated-measures panel study was used to evaluate associations between outdoor PM2.5 and the combined oxidant capacity of O3 and NO2 (using a redox-weighted average, Ox) and retinal vessel diameter and blood pressure in children living in a region impacted by residential biomass burning. A median of 6 retinal vessel and blood pressure measurements were collected from 64 children (ages 4–12 years), for a total of 344 retinal measurements and 432 blood pressure measurements. Linear mixed-effect models were used to estimate associations between PM2.5 or Ox (same-day, 3-day, 7-day, and 21-day means) and retinal vessel diameter and blood pressure. Interactions between PM2.5 and Ox were also examined. Ox was inversely associated with retinal arteriolar diameter; the strongest association was observed for 7-day mean exposures, where each 10 ppb increase in Ox was associated with a 2.63 μm (95% CI − 4.63, − 0.63) decrease in arteriolar diameter. Moreover, Ox modified associations between PM2.5 and arteriolar diameter, with weak inverse associations observed between PM2.5 and arteriolar diameter only at higher concentrations of Ox. Our results suggest that outdoor air pollution impacts the retinal microvasculature of children and interactions between PM2.5 and Ox may play an important role in determining the magnitude and direction of these associations.
Superconductor qubits hamiltonian approximations effect on quantum state evolution and control
Authors: Sharifi Javad
Published: June 2021

Microwave IQ-mixer controllers are designed for the three approximated Hamiltonians of charge, phase and flux qubits and the controllers are exerted both on approximate and precise quantum system models. The controlled qubits are for the implementation of the two quantum-gates with these three fundamental types of qubits, Quantum NOT-gate and Hadamard-gate. In the charge-qubit, for implementation of both gates, in the approximated and precise model, we observed different controlled trajectories. But fortunately, applying the controller designed for the approximated system over the precise system leads to the passing of the quantum state from the desired state sooner that the expected time. Phase-qubit and flux qubit have similar behaviour under the control system action. In both of them, the implementation of NOT-gate operation led to same trajectories which arrive at final goal state at different times. But in both of those two qubits for implementation of Hadamard-gate, desired trajectory and precise trajectory have some angle of deviation, then by exerting the approximated design controller to precise system, it caused the quantum state to approach the goal state for Hadamard gate implementation, and since the quantum state does not completely reach the goal state, we can not obtain very high gate fidelity.
Association between sanitary toilet coverage rate and intestinal infectious disease in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Chen TingTing , Kallawicha Kraiwuth
Published: June 2021

Intestinal infectious disease is one of the most common diseases in China and is prevalent worldwide. The Chinese government launched a toilet improvement campaign to improve sanitation and reduce the incidence of diseases. This study determined the association between sanitary toilet use and intestinal infectious disease incidence in Jiangsu Province, China during 2011–2019. This study adopted an ecological retrospective research design. All secondary data were obtained through government websites and government information disclosure channels. Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the association between the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases and sanitary toilet coverage rate and other potential predictors. Data suggested that the aggregate annual incidence of Type A and B intestinal infectious diseases showed a downward trend, the aggregate annual incidence of other infectious diarrhea continued to increase, and hand–foot–mouth disease occurred every other year with the highest annual incidence rate. The incidence was higher in coastal cities. Multiple regression results indicated that the usage of three types of sanitary toilets, compliance rate of water quality, and average ambient temperature have an impact on intestinal infectious diseases. The aggregate annual incidence of Type A and B intestinal infectious disease was negatively correlated with the cumulative use of sanitary toilets (β = − 0.036) and surface water quality (β =  − 0.135; p < 0.05). Increase in sanitary toilet use and water quality control can reduce the number of new cases, which will be beneficial for the population in the province. Moreover, the toilet improvement interventions should continue to maintain high-quality construction.
Kinetic mechanism of Na+-coupled aspartate transport catalyzed by GltTk
Authors: Trinco Gianluca , Arkhipova Valentina , Garaeva Alisa A. , Hutter Cedric A. J. , Seeger Markus A. , Guskov Albert , Slotboom Dirk J.
Published: June 2021

It is well-established that the secondary active transporters GltTk and GltPh catalyze coupled uptake of aspartate and three sodium ions, but insight in the kinetic mechanism of transport is fragmentary. Here, we systematically measured aspartate uptake rates in proteoliposomes containing purified GltTk, and derived the rate equation for a mechanism in which two sodium ions bind before and another after aspartate. Re-analysis of existing data on GltPh using this equation allowed for determination of the turnover number (0.14 s−1), without the need for error-prone protein quantification. To overcome the complication that purified transporters may adopt right-side-out or inside-out membrane orientations upon reconstitution, thereby confounding the kinetic analysis, we employed a rapid method using synthetic nanobodies to inactivate one population. Oppositely oriented GltTk proteins showed the same transport kinetics, consistent with the use of an identical gating element on both sides of the membrane. Our work underlines the value of bona fide transport experiments to reveal mechanistic features of Na+-aspartate symport that cannot be observed in detergent solution. Combined with previous pre-equilibrium binding studies, a full kinetic mechanism of structurally characterized aspartate transporters of the SLC1A family is now emerging.
Reprogramming signal transduction through a designer receptor tyrosine kinase
Authors: Kongkrongtong Tatphon , Sumigama Yuka , Nagamune Teruyuki , Kawahara Masahiro
Published: June 2021

Controlling signal transduction with artificial designer receptors is a promising approach to realize future medicine for intractable diseases. Although several functional artificial receptors have been reported by domain engineering, more sophisticated engineering within domains has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here we demonstrate motif-based engineering of a receptor tyrosine kinase for reprogramming signal transduction. We design a scaffold-less tyrosine kinase domain that does not recruit any signal transducers but retains its kinase function. The resultant scaffold-less tyrosine kinase domain is linked to a tyrosine motif that recruits a target signaling molecule upon its phosphorylation. The engineered tyrosine motif–kinase fusion protein is further connected to a small molecule- or light-dependent dimerizing domain that can switch on the kinase activity in response to an external stimulus. The resultant designer receptors attain specific chemical- or photo-activation of signaling molecules of interest in mammalian cells. Thus, our designer receptor tyrosine kinase proves the possibility of rationally reprogramming intracellular signal transduction on a motif basis. The motif-based receptor engineering may realize tailor-made functional receptors useful in the fields of biology and medicine.
Dominance of γ-γ electron-positron pair creation in a plasma driven by high-intensity lasers
Authors: He Yutong , Blackburn Thomas G. , Toncian Toma , Arefiev Alexey V.
Published: June 2021

Creation of electrons and positrons from light alone is a basic prediction of quantum electrodynamics, but yet to be observed. Our simulations show that the required conditions are achievable using a high-intensity two-beam laser facility and an advanced target design. Dual laser irradiation of a structured target produces high-density γ rays that then create > 108 positrons at intensities of 2 × 1022 Wcm−2. The unique feature of this setup is that the pair creation is primarily driven by the linear Breit-Wheeler process (γγ → e+e−), which dominates over the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler and Bethe-Heitler processes. The favorable scaling with laser intensity of the linear process prompts reconsideration of its neglect in simulation studies and also permits positron jet formation at experimentally feasible intensities. Simulations show that the positrons, confined by a quasistatic plasma magnetic field, may be accelerated by the lasers to energies >200 MeV.
Programmable pattern formation in cellular systems with local signaling
Authors: Ramalho Tiago , Kremser Stephan , Wu Hao , Gerland Ulrich
Published: June 2021

Complex systems, ranging from developing embryos to systems of locally communicating agents, display an apparent capability of “programmable” pattern formation: They reproducibly form target patterns, but those targets can be readily changed. A distinguishing feature of such systems is that their subunits are capable of information processing. Here, we explore schemes for programmable pattern formation within a theoretical framework, in which subunits process local signals to update their discrete state following logical rules. We study systems with different update rules, topologies, and control schemes, assessing their capability of programmable pattern formation and their susceptibility to errors. Only a fraction permits local organizers to dictate any target pattern, by transcribing temporal patterns into spatial patterns, reminiscent of the principle underlying vertebrate somitogenesis. An alternative scheme employing variable rules cannot reach all patterns but is insensitive to the timing of organizer inputs. Our results establish a basis for designing synthetic systems and models of programmable pattern formation closer to real systems.
Stripe skyrmions and skyrmion crystals
Authors: Wang X. R. , Hu X. C. , Wu H. T.
Published: June 2021

Skyrmions are important in quantum field theory and information technology for being topological solitons and for their attractive applications. Magnetic skyrmions are believed to be circular and stripy spin textures accompanied skyrmion crystals (SkXs) termed spiral/helical/cycloid orders have zero skyrmion number. Here we show that those stripy spin textures are skyrmions, siblings of circular skyrmions in SkXs and cousins of isolated circular skyrmions. Various irregular morphologies are the nature structures of skyrmions in the ground states. At the extreme of one skyrmion in the whole sample, the skyrmion is a ramified stripe. As the skyrmion number density increases, skyrmion shapes gradually change from ramified stripes to rectangular stripes, and eventually to circular objects. At a high skyrmion number density, SkXs are the preferred states. Our findings reveal the nature and properties of stripy spin texture, and open an avenue for manipulating skyrmions.
Cleaner burning aviation fuels can reduce contrail cloudiness
Authors: Voigt Christiane , Kleine Jonas , Sauer Daniel , Moore Richard H. , Bräuer Tiziana , Le Clercq Patrick , Kaufmann Stefan , Scheibe Monika , Jurkat-Witschas Tina , Aigner Manfred , Bauder Uwe , Boose Yvonne , Borrmann Stephan , Crosbie Ewan , Diskin Glenn S. , DiGangi Joshua , Hahn Valerian , Heckl Christopher , Huber Felix , Nowak John B. , Rapp Markus , Rauch Bastian , Robinson Claire , Schripp Tobias , Shook Michael , Winstead Edward , Ziemba Luke , Schlager Hans , Anderson Bruce E.
Published: June 2021

Contrail cirrus account for the major share of aviation’s climate impact. Yet, the links between jet fuel composition, contrail microphysics and climate impact remain unresolved. Here we present unique observations from two DLR-NASA aircraft campaigns that measured exhaust and contrail characteristics of an Airbus A320 burning either standard jet fuels or low aromatic sustainable aviation fuel blends. Our results show that soot particles can regulate the number of contrail cirrus ice crystals for current emission levels. We provide experimental evidence that burning low aromatic sustainable aviation fuel can result in a 50 to 70% reduction in soot and ice number concentrations and an increase in ice crystal size. Reduced contrail ice numbers cause less energy deposition in the atmosphere and less warming. Meaningful reductions in aviation’s climate impact could therefore be obtained from the widespread adoptation of low aromatic fuels, and from regulations to lower the maximum aromatic fuel content.
Process-oriented analysis of aircraft soot-cirrus interactions constrains the climate impact of aviation
Authors: Kärcher Bernd , Mahrt Fabian , Marcolli Claudia
Published: June 2021

Fully accounting for the climate impact of aviation requires a process-level understanding of the impact of aircraft soot particle emissions on the formation of ice clouds. Assessing this impact with the help of global climate models remains elusive and direct observations are lacking. Here we use a high-resolution cirrus column model to investigate how aircraft-emitted soot particles, released after ice crystals sublimate at the end of the lifetime of contrails and contrail cirrus, perturb the formation of cirrus. By allying cloud simulations with a measurement-based description of soot-induced ice formation, we find that only a small fraction (<1%) of the soot particles succeeds in forming cloud ice alongside homogeneous freezing of liquid aerosol droplets. Thus, soot-perturbed and homogeneously-formed cirrus fundamentally do not differ in optical depth. Our results imply that climate model estimates of global radiative forcing from interactions between aircraft soot and large-scale cirrus may be overestimates. The improved scientific understanding reported here provides a process-based underpinning for improved climate model parametrizations and targeted field observations.
The Methodology of Electrochemical In Situ NMR and MRI
Authors: Tang Mingxue , Fu Riqiang , Deschamps Michaël , Romanenko K. , Jerschow A.
Published: June 2021

Non-destructive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) plays a crucial role to unveil mechanisms of batteries under operation conditions. In situ NMR characterization offers intermediate information, which is very important for the performance of working devices, such as diffusion, kinetics, and dynamics that cannot be obtained by conventionalex situ approaches. This chapter introduces general considerations for performing in situ NMR experiments and summarizes designs of battery cells used for in situ NMR characterization. In addition, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful method for visualization of materials with the aid of a magnetic field gradient to encode positions of nuclear spins. In situ MRI studies have contributed to an understanding of the fundamental phenomena that are associated with a battery's performance and failure mechanisms. Here we provide an overview of “electrochemical MRI” developments over the past two decades.
NMR Studies on Polyanion-type Cathode Materials for LIBs/NIBs
Authors: Hu Bingwen , Liu Zigeng , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: June 2021

Polyanionic cathode materials with the robust nature of a polyhedral network, afford incredible structural and thermal stability, and therefore show excellent electrochemical performances for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (NIBs). This chapter will review the newest advances that use NMR for the research and exploration of different kinds of polyanionic cathode materials for LIBs and NIBs, providing in-depth insights into the electrochemical mechanisms and degradation process of these cathodes.
Sulfide-based Electrolytes in Solid State Batteries
Authors: Yu Chuang , Adair Keegan , Sun Xueliang
Published: June 2021

Sulfide-based solid electrolytes have attracted significant attention for their application in solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and good ductility. A number of sulfide electrolytes have been reported and carefully investigated. Structure and dynamics are important for researchers to understand the conduction mechanism. MAS NMR can provide structural information on sulfide electrolytes, such as site occupancy. The lithium/sodium ion diffusion processes in the sulfide electrolytes can be tracked, ranging from the short-range vibrations between different sites at extremely short time scales to ion transport over the grain boundaries or the electrode–electrolyte interfaces taking place at a time scale up to several seconds by different NMR techniques. Both the structure and dynamics features of various lithium/sodium sulfide electrolytes have been summarized and the future development of the application of NMR techniques in sulfide electrolyte-based solid-state batteries have been pointed out.
NMR Characterization of Super-capacitors
Authors: Wang Hao , Griffin John M.
Published: June 2021

In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in supercapacitors as high-power electrical energy storage devices with complementary properties to batteries. However, despite their growing applications in new technologies, many fundamental aspects of the charging mechanism remain poorly understood. Recently, some of the fundamental questions about supercapacitors have started to be addressed due to the emergence of NMR spectroscopy as a powerful tool for studying ion behavior in porous carbon electrodes. This chapter provides an overview of NMR methods that have been developed for the study of supercapacitors and reviews recent applications. These span both conventional NMR methods which have been used to study the equilibrium adsorption behavior as well as more advanced in situ methods which have begun to provide insight into working devices.
Characterising Non-aqueous Metal–Air Batteries Using NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Z. , Kim G. , Liu T.
Published: June 2021

Non-aqueous metal–air batteries have garnered considerable research interest in the past decade due to their high theoretical energy densities, where they utilize Li/Na/K metal (the negative electrode) and O2 from the air (the positive electrode) as the energy storage materials. Obtaining a fundamental understanding of the battery electrochemistry is pivotal to identifying the bottlenecks and discovering routes forward for these technologies. In this regard, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an indispensable and effective characterisation tool to study metal–air batteries. In this chapter, we first introduce the reaction characteristics of the battery and outline some of the key scientific questions associated with its chemistry. We then specify the technical procedures and precautions of relevant NMR experiments, and exemplify how NMR provides insights into the mechanistic details of the battery reactions.
In Situ NMR Techniques for Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Tang Mingxue , Deschamps Michaël
Published: June 2021

In situ characterization plays a crucial role in unveiling the mechanisms of batteries under operation conditions. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) can effectively serve as a non-invasive approach to capture the evolution of electrodes and electrolyte upon electrochemical cycling. The insights into metaphase formation, self-diffusion, kinetics and inhomogeneity that are obtained along temporal and spatial dimensions from in situ NMR/MRI can serve as a guide for the structural design and modification of materials, and for the fabrication of batteries with optimized performance. This chapter focuses on the applications of in situ NMR/MRI for the energy storage community. In particular, some examples of 1H, 7Li, 23Na and 31P in situ NMR applications in different electrodes as well as in situ MRI on electrolytes and electrodes with or without chemical shift information (CSI, S-ISIS, and stray-field MRI) are presented. Furthermore, in situ NMR applied to other energy systems is briefly summarized, and finally the limitations and perspectives of in situ NMR/MRI for working batteries are discussed.
Dinuclear cobalt complexes with a redox active biphenyl bridging ligand [Co2(BP)(tqa)2](PF6)2 (H4BP = 4,4′-bis(3-tert-butyl-1,2-catechol), tqa = tris(2-quinolylmethyl)amine): structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Suenaga Yusaku , Mibu Takuto , Okubo Takashi , Maekawa Masahiko , Kuroda-Sowa Takayoshi , Sugimoto Kunihisa
Published: June 2021

[Co2(BP)(bpqa)2](PF6)2 shows evidence of temperature dependence of the charge distribution, displaying a thermally induced valence tautomeric transition from the lsCoIII-[Cat–Cat]-lsCoIII to hsCoII-[Sq–Sq]-hsCoII in both solid and solution states.
Cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides by highly active constrained aluminum chloride complexes
Authors: Laiwattanapaisarn Nattiya , Virachotikul Arnut , Phomphrai Khamphee
Published: June 2021

Novel constrained aluminum inden complexes were developed revealing high activities and excellent selectivity for cyclic carbonates in epoxides/CO2 coupling reactions.
3D structure aerogels constructed by reduced graphene oxide and hollow TiO2 spheres for efficient visible-light-driven photoreduction of U(vi) in air-equilibrated wastewater
Authors: Dong Zhimin , Zhang Zhibin , Li Zifan , Feng Yue , Dong Wenjie , Wang Ting , Cheng Zhongping , Wang Youqun , Dai Ying , Cao Xiaohong , Liu Yuhui , Liu Yunhai
Published: June 2021

A novel 3D structure composite aerogel was constructed by nanostructured hollow TiO2 and RGO with excellent photocatalytic reduction activity for U(vi) and reusability, evidencing the potential practical applications in environmental remediation.
The immunoenhancement effects of sea buckthorn pulp oil in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhou Hong-Chang , He Shuai-Bing , Zhang Xiu-Fang , Ling Yu-Hang , Li Xiao-Yu , Zhang Hui , Hou Dian-Dong
Published: June 2021

This study shows that SBT pulp oil can promote the concentrations of SCFAs and regulate the diversity and composition of intestinal microflora in CTX-induced immunosuppressive BALB/c mice, thus enhancing the intestinal mucosa and systemic immune functions.
Exchange-spring mechanism and Griffiths-like phase in room-temperature magnetoelectric Ni–BaTiO3 composites
Authors: Revathy Ramany , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Varma Manoj Raama , Surendran Kuzhichalil Peethambharan
Published: June 2021

This is the first report on the occurrence of the exchange spring mechanism and a Griffiths-like phase in Ni–BaTiO3 magnetoelectric composites with 0–3 and 1–3 connectivity.
A substrate surface alloy strategy for integrated sulfide electrodes for sodium ion batteries with superior lifespan
Authors: Zhou Li-Feng , Du Tao , Liu Li-Ying , Wang Yi-Song , Luo Wen-Bin
Published: June 2021

A binder-free free-standing sulfide electrode was synthesized and fabricated with a three-dimensional (3D) porous nanostructure. The surface of the Ni foam substrate was modified by the alloy strategy of pre-planting copper seeds on the Ni foam surface.
Visible-blind ultraviolet narrowband photomultiplication-type organic photodetector with an ultrahigh external quantum efficiency of over 1 000 000%
Authors: Guo Dechao , Yang Liqing , Zhao Jingcheng , Li Ji , He Guo , Yang Dezhi , Wang Linge , Vadim Agafonov , Ma Dongge
Published: June 2021

The new concept of fabricating high-performance visible-blind narrowband UV photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors provides a necessary prerequisite for flexible wearable UV monitoring and other promising applications.
Element-doped graphitic carbon nitride: confirmation of doped elements and applications
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Xu Datong , Wang Fengjue , Chen Meng
Published: June 2021

The confirmation methods of the doped elements in element-doped graphitic carbon nitride materials are discussed in this review. The applications of element-doped graphitic carbon nitride materials are also summarized.
Engineering WS2–Au–HRP-assisted multiple signal amplification strategy for chemiluminescence immunoassay of prostate specific antigen
Authors: Cao Jun-Tao , Zhao Li-Zhen , Zhang Wen-Sheng , Ma Shu-Hui , Liu Yan-Ming
Published: June 2021

Engineering of a WS2–Au–HRP-assisted multiple signal amplification strategy for CL immunoassay of PSA.
Nickel-catalyzed electrocarboxylation of allylic halides with CO2
Authors: Wu La-Xia , Deng Fang-Jie , Wu Lin , Wang Huan , Chen Tai-jie , Guan Ye-Bin , Lu Jia-Xing
Published: June 2021

Nickel catalysts were synthesized and used for regioselective electrocarboxylation of allylic halides and atmospheric CO2. β,γ-Unsaturated carboxylic acids were obtained with moderate to good yield and good functional group tolerance.
Ultraviolet light-emitting diode-assisted highly sensitive room temperature NO2 gas sensors based on low-temperature solution-processed ZnO/TiO2 nanorods decorated with plasmonic Au nanoparticles
Authors: Kwon Soon-Hwan , Kim Tae-Hyeon , Kim Sang-Min , Oh Semi , Kim Kyoung-Kook
Published: June 2021

UV-assisted room temperature operated NO2 gas sensors were prepared from ZnO/TiO2 core–shell nanorods decorated with Au nanoparticles synthesized by a simple low-temperature aqueous solution process.
The crosstalk between DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress triggers hepatocyte apoptosis induced by silver nanoparticles
Authors: Li Jiangyan , Chang Xiaoru , Shang Mengting , Niu Shuyan , Zhang Wenli , Li Yunjing , Sun Zuoyi , Wu Tianshu , Kong Lu , Zhang Ting , Tang Meng , Xue Yuying
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have revealed that the liver is the main target organ of deposition for engineered nanoparticles.
Correction: Visible-light-mediated borylation of aryl and alkyl halides with a palladium complex
Authors: Zhao Jia-Hui , Zhou Zhao-Zhao , Zhang Yue , Su Xuan , Chen Xi-Meng , Liang Yong-Min
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘Visible-light-mediated borylation of aryl and alkyl halides with a palladium complex’ by Jia-Hui Zhao, et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2020, 18, 4390–4394, DOI: 10.1039/D0OB00028K.
Direct access to α-acyloxycarbonyl compounds and esters via oxidative esterification of aldehydes under visible light
Authors: Bhowmick Anindita , Warghude Prakash K. , Dharpure Pankaj D. , Bhat Ramakrishna G.
Published: June 2021

An efficient synthesis of α-acyloxycarbonyl compounds and esters from aldehydes and α-bromocarbonyl compounds/benzyl bromide derivatives via photoredox catalysis has been developed.
Facile synthesis of silver/gold alloy nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive rhodamine B detection
Authors: Ha Pham Thi Thu , Dien Nguyen Dac , Vu Xuan Hoa
Published: June 2021

The synthesis of Ag/Au nanoparticles (NPs) in a controlled manner has been a challenge for a long time.
Realizing new designs of multiplexed electrode chips by 3-D printed masks
Authors: Keough Madeline , McLeod Jennifer F. , Salomons Timothy , Hillen Phillip , Pei Yu , Gibson Graham , McEleney Kevin , Oleschuk Richard , She Zhe
Published: June 2021

Preparation of multiplexed electrodes by combining physical vapour deposition with 3-D printed masks.
Chemo-enzymatic oxidative cleavage of isosafrole for the synthesis of piperonal
Authors: Tentori Francesca , Brenna Elisabetta , Ferrari Chiara , Gatti Francesco G. , Ghezzi Maria Chiara , Parmeggiani Fabio
Published: June 2021

Piperonal is a key feedstock for the fine chemical industry. A novel process for its production from isosafrole is described, based on lipase-mediated perhydrolysis in flow, followed by batch alkaline treatment and by MnO2 oxidation in flow.
Investigating the electrochemical stability of Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolytes using field stress experiments
Authors: Smetaczek Stefan , Pycha Eva , Ring Joseph , Siebenhofer Matthäus , Ganschow Steffen , Berendts Stefan , Nenning Andreas , Kubicek Markus , Rettenwander Daniel , Limbeck Andreas , Fleig Jürgen
Published: June 2021

The combination of field stress experiments with subsequent electrochemical, chemical, and structural analysis provides insight into the stability window and decomposition behavior of LLZO.
Trace thioether inserted polyamine patches on a support mediate uniform gold nanoclusters as ultrahigh active catalysts
Authors: Li Chenhui , Xu Sunkai , Jin Ming , Wan Decheng
Published: June 2021

A-few-thioether-integrated polyamine patches on a support directly mediate uniform gold nanoclusters to afford highly catalytically active and well recyclable catalysts.
F, P double-doped Fe3O4 with abundant defect sites for efficient hydrogen evolution at high current density
Authors: Zhang Xin-Yu , Li Feng-Ting , Fan Ruo-Yao , Zhao Jie , Dong Bin , Wang Fu-Li , Liu Hai-Jun , Yu Jian-Feng , Liu Chen-Guang , Chai Yong-Ming
Published: June 2021

The development of high activity electrocatalysts that can operate stably at high current density for the large-scale production of hydrogen is an important but challenging task.
High-performance aqueous Zn–MnO2 batteries enabled by the coupling engineering of K+ pre-intercalation and oxygen defects
Authors: Han Kun , An Fuqiang , Yan Fengsheng , Chen Hailong , Wan Qi , Liu Yongchang , Li Ping , Qu Xuanhui
Published: June 2021

A K+-pre-intercalated α-MnO2 with oxygen defects (KMOd) is designed as a high-performance cathode for aqueous Zn-ion batteries guided by a coupling engineering strategy.
Naphthalene-facilitated self-assembly of a Gd-chelate as a novel T2 MRI contrast agent for visualization of stem cell transplants
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Zhang Hailu , Huang Dehua , Tan Bo , Zhang Chengxing , Deng Zongwu
Published: June 2021

A self-assembled Gd-chelate nanofiber as a T2 MRI contrast agent for tracking stem cells in vivo.
A gadofullerene based liver-specific MRI contrast agent for an early diagnosis of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Zhongpu , Zhen Mingming , Zhou Chen , Li Lei , Jia Wang , Liu Shuai , Li Xue , Liao Xiaodan , Wang Chunru
Published: June 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma has become one of the most prevalent cancers, with a high mortality rate.
An “all-in-one” strategy based on the organic molecule DCN-4CQA for effective NIR-fluorescence-imaging-guided dual phototherapy
Authors: Li Lu , Liu Yanjie , Sun Tiedong , Zhou Tianlei , Bai Yinshuai , Liu Xiangzhen , Zhang Shiying , Jia Tao , Zhao Xiuhua , Wang Yue
Published: June 2021

Dual phototherapy combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) is considered to be a more effective therapeutic method against cancer than single treatment.
In situ creation of ZnO@CdS nanoflowers on ITO electrodes for sensitive photoelectrochemical detection of copper ions in blood
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Feng Luping , Li Pan , Zhang Lixiang , Chen Xi , Chu Su , Gao Yuan , Xie Shujing , Jiang Jiatian , Wang Hua
Published: June 2021

Unique ZnO@CdS nanoflowers created in situ on ITO electrodes for selective and sensitive photoelectrochemical detection of copper ions in blood.
Bi-metallic zeolite imidazole framework nanofibers for the selective determination of Cd2+ ions
Authors: Girija S. , Sankar S. Sam , Thenrajan T. , Kundu Subrata , Wilson J.
Published: June 2021

Co/Zn-ZIF NFs were fabricated via a reliable ES method and has been utilized for the detection of Cd2+ ions. The designed sensor showed excellent stability, reproducibility, and successfully used for real sample analysis with good recovery percentage.
A high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect in electride gadolinium monohalides
Authors: Chen Chen , Fang Le , Zhao Guodong , Liu Xingen , Wang Jian , Burton Lee A. , Zhang Yunwei , Ren Wei
Published: June 2021

We predict that an intrinsic high-temperature QAHE with in-plane magnetization can be obtained in monolayer GdX (X = F, Cl, Br, and I), a new class of electrides.
Breaching Kasha's rule for dual emission: mechanisms, materials and applications
Authors: Wang Hailan , Wang Juan , Zhang Tiantian , Xie Zongliang , Zhang Xiayu , Sun Haodong , Xiao Yuxin , Yu Tao , Huang Wei
Published: June 2021

Strategies for anti-Kasha emissions: in this review, we gave an overview of the recent progress for anti-Kasha emitters from three aspects: isomerization balancing, excited state balancing and emissive building block combination.
Environmentally phase-controlled stratagem for open framework pyrophosphate anode materials in battery energy storage
Authors: Zhang Jianyong , Zhang Jiafeng , Liu Jun , Cao Yang , Huang Cancan , Ji Guanjun , Zhao Zaowen , Ou Xing , Zhang Bao
Published: June 2021

Conventional pyrophosphate anode electrochemical performance is restrained by its phase impurity, and the inevitable phase impurity is attributed to the traditional pyrophosphate material being obtained through high temperature (∼1000 °C).
Do Acoustic Environment Characteristics Affect the Lexical Development of Children With Cochlear Implants? A Longitudinal Study Before and After Cochlear Implant Activation
Authors: Majorano Marinella , Brondino Margherita , Guerzoni Letizia , Murri Alessandra , Ferrari Rachele , Lavelli Manuela , Cuda Domenico , Yoshinaga-Itano Christine , Morelli Marika , Persici Valentina
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study investigates the acoustic environment of children with cochlear implants (CIs) and the relationship between exposure to speech, in noise and in quiet, and the children's lexical production up to 1 year after CI activation, while controlling for the effect of early individual differences in receptive vocabulary growth.

Method

Eighteen children with CIs were observed at 3, 6, and 12 months after CI activation. Children's spontaneous word production during interaction with their mothers (types and tokens) and their expressive and receptive vocabulary size were considered. The characteristics of the acoustic environments in terms of acoustic scenes (speech in noise or in quiet, quiet, noise, music, and other) and of loudness ranges were assessed using data logging of the children's devices.

Results

Data analysis showed that both the number of tokens and the number of types produced 1 year after CI activation were affected by the children's exposure to speech in quiet with a loudness range between 40 and 69 dB. Expressive vocabulary size and types were affected by the receptive vocabulary knowledge that the children achieved over the first 3 months after CI activation.

Conclusions

Our data support the role of speech environment and individual differences in early comprehension on lexical production. The importance of exposure to speech with particular characteristics for the lexical development of children with CIs and the implications for clinical practice are discussed.
A Framework for a Sociological Description of the Communicative Interaction in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Mancinelli James M.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The author presents a descriptive sociological framework for the communicative interaction between an adult who stutters (AWS) and other communication partners. The author shows that the communicative interaction between an AWS and another interactant is a sociological object that can be evaluated by both parties in real-time, and is impacted by settings, participants, identity, stigmatization, and the type of talk. These elements are consistent with Hymes' SPEAKING model, which was developed to describe speech communication in a social context and can lay the foundation for the development of an ethnography of stuttering. The clinical applications and implications of a sociological framework are discussed and future directions for research are suggested.

Method

This work is a refinement and enhancement of Mancinelli (2018) and Mancinelli (2019) and the research associated with that work. This is a tutorial with a clinical focus designed to introduce the readership to a sociological perspective on communicative interactions in AWS.

Conclusions

Stuttering is an emergent phenomenon embedded within a social interaction, necessitating a deeper understanding of the processes at work during those interactions. A sociological framework can provide a more comprehensive description of the communicative interactions as well as the sociocommunicative lives of people who stutter. The information obtained can inform the formulation of realistic, functional goals based on the daily life of the client. Implications for the development of an ethnography of stuttering are discussed.
Effect of Working Memory Load and Typicality on Semantic Processing in Aphasia
Authors: Obermeyer Jessica , Reinert Laura , Kamen Rachel , Pritchard Danielle , Park Hyejin , Martin Nadine
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

This study evaluated the effects of a linguistic characteristic, typicality, and a processing variable, working memory on the abilities of people with aphasia (PWA) and neurologically intact adults to process semantic representations. This was accomplished using a newly developed assessment task, the Category Typicality Test, which was created for the Temple Assessment of Language and Short-Term Memory in Aphasia.

Method:

A post hoc quasi-experimental design was used. Participants included 27 PWA and 14 neurologically intact adults who completed the picture and word versions of the Category Typicality Test, which required them to determine if two items are in the same category. Memory load was altered by increasing the number of items to be compared, and the typicality of items was altered to increase linguistic complexity.

Results:

A four-way mixed analysis of covariance was conducted. There was a significant interaction between working memory load and category typicality with performance accuracy decreasing as working memory load increased and category typicality decreased. There was also a significant interaction for typicality and stimuli with better performance in the picture condition and a significant interaction for working memory and group with lower performance accuracy for PWA. Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed differences between memory load, typicality, stimuli conditions, and group. PWA also showed greater magnitude of change than neurologically intact adults when comparing high and low working memory load conditions, but not typicality conditions.

Discussion:

Increasing working memory load had the most substantial impact on the accuracy of category judgments in PWA, but the interaction between increased working memory load and decreased category typicality of items to be compared resulted in reduced accuracy in both groups. These findings suggest that manipulation of processing and linguistic variables in assessment will provide insight into the nature of linguistic breakdown in aphasia.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14781996
Distance and extinction to the Milky Way spiral arms along the Galactic centre line of sight
Authors: Nogueras-Lara F. , Schödel R. , Neumayer N.
Published: June 2021

Context. The position of the Sun inside the disc of the Milky Way significantly hampers the study of the spiral arm structure given the high amount of dust and gas along the line of sight, and the overall structure of this disc has therefore not yet been fully characterised.

Aims. We aim to analyse the spiral arms in the line of sight towards the Galactic centre (GC) in order to determine their distance, extinction, and stellar population.

Methods. We use the GALACTICNUCLEUS survey, a JHKs high-angular-resolution photometric catalogue (0.2″) for the innermost regions of the Galaxy. We fitted simple synthetic colour-magnitude models to our data via χ2 minimisation. We computed the distance and extinction to the detected spiral arms. We also analysed the extinction curve and the relative extinction between the detected features. Finally, we studied extinction-corrected Ks luminosity functions (KLFs) to study the stellar populations present in the second and third spiral arm features.

Results. We determined the mean distances to the spiral arms: d1 = 1.6 ± 0.2 kpc, d2 = 2.6 ± 0.2 kpc, d3 = 3.9 ± 0.3 kpc, and d4 = 4.5 ± 0.2 kpc, and the mean extinctions: AH1 = 0.35 ± 0.08 mag, AH2 = 0.77 ± 0.08 mag, AH3 = 1.68 ± 0.08 mag, and AH4 = 2.30 ± 0.08 mag. We analysed the extinction curve in the near-infrared for the stars in the spiral arms and find mean values of AJ/AH = 1.89 ± 0.11 and AH/AKs = 1.86 ± 0.11, in agreement with the results obtained for the GC. This implies that the shape of the extinction curve does not depend on distance or absolute extinction. We also built extinction maps for each spiral arm and find them to be homogeneous and that they might correspond to independent extinction layers. Finally, analysing the KLFs from the second and third spiral arms, we find that they have similar stellar populations. We obtain two main episodes of star formation: > 6 Gyr (∼60 − 70% of the stellar mass), and 1.5 − 4 Gyr (∼20 − 30% of the stellar mass), compatible with previous work. We also detect recent star formation at a lower level (∼10%) for the third spiral arm.
Jupiter’s “cold” formation in the protosolar disk shadow
Authors: Ohno Kazumasa , Ueda Takahiro
Published: June 2021

Context.Atmospheric compositions offer valuable clues to planetary formation and evolution. Jupiter has been the most well-studied giant planet in terms of its atmosphere; however, the origin of the Jovian atmospheric composition remains a puzzle as the abundances of nitrogen and noble gases as high as those of other elements could only originate from extremely cold environments.

Aims.We propose a novel idea for explaining the Jovian atmospheric composition: dust pileup at the H2O snow line casts a shadow and cools the Jupiter orbit so that N2and noble gases can freeze. Planetesimals or a core formed in the shadowed region can enrich nitrogen and noble gases as much as other elements through their dissolution in the envelope.

Methods.We compute the temperature structure of a shadowed protosolar disk with radiative transfer calculations. Then, we investigate the radial volatile distributions and predict the atmospheric composition of Jupiter with condensation calculations.

Results.We find that the vicinity of the current Jupiter orbit, approximately 3 − 7 AU, could be as cold as ≲30 K if the small-dust surface density varies by a factor of ≳30 across the H2O snow line. According to previous grain growth simulations, this condition could be achieved by weak disk turbulence if silicate grains are more fragile than icy grains. The shadow can cause the condensation of most volatile substances, namely N2and Ar. We demonstrate that the dissolution of shadowed solids can explain the elemental abundance patterns of the Jovian atmosphere even if proto-Jupiter was formed near Jupiter’s current orbit.

Conclusions.The disk shadow may play a vital role in controlling atmospheric compositions. The effect of the shadow also impacts the interpretation of upcoming observations of exoplanetary atmospheres by JWST.
Simple feedback of colonoscopy performance improved the number of adenomas per colonoscopy and serrated polyp detection rate
Authors: Toyoshima Osamu , Yoshida Shuntaro , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Yamakawa Tadahiro , Arano Toru , Isomura Yoshihiro , Kanazawa Takamitsu , Ando Hidehiko , Tsuji Yosuke , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims High-quality endoscopy requires improvement of not only the adenoma detection rate (ADR) but also the serrated polyp (SP) detection rate and the mean number of adenomas per positive procedure (MAP +). We evaluated whether a simple feedback of colonoscopy performance improves those quality indicators using propensity-score matching.

Patients and methods Eleven endoscopists were evaluated regarding colonoscopy performance including ADRs, SP detection rates, mean numbers of adenomas per procedure (MAPs), and MAPs + with their ranking in the clinic. Endoscopic performance was compared before and after the feedback.

Results Colonoscopies were performed for 874 patients before the feedback and 1,272 patients after the feedback. Using propensity-score matching, 803 patients before the feedback and 803 patients after the feedback were matched. ADR after the feedback was significantly higher than that before the feedback (50.8 % and 40.8 %, respectively). MAP after feedback was significantly larger than that before the feedback (0.92 and 0.69, respectively), as well as MAP + (1.96 and 1.69, respectively). Clinically significant SP detection rate was also improved from 10.0 % to 14.9 %.

Conclusions Feedback including ADR, MAP, MAP +, and clinically significant SR detection rate could improve on those quality indicators. Further studies are needed to effectively prevent colorectal cancer in colonoscopy practice.