bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recién nacido con quiste umbilical verdadero sin anomalías cromosómicas ni defectos estructurales
Authors: Leguizamón Sandra , Holguín Mónica , Sánchez Natalia , Velasco Julio César , García Lorena
Published: November 2024

La segunda anomalía más común del cordón umbilical es el quiste. Se asocia con alteraciones estructurales del feto, como defectos en la pared abdominal y el tracto urinario. Además, se relaciona con aneuploidías. Estas lesiones se clasifican histológicamente en quistes verdaderos y pseudoquistes. Pueden ser detectados mediante ecografía como aislados o no aislados, el pronóstico varía según su presentación múltiple o única, y si el tamaño es persistente o progresivo se deben realizar estudios para detectar anomalías cromosómicas. Se presenta el caso de recién nacido de 37 semanas de gestación, el cual presentó un quiste de cordón umbilical verdadero previamente captado mediante ecografía a las 24 semanas, al nacer sin evidencia de alteraciones estructurales, y se excluyeron las aneuploidías más comúnmente asociadas a esta condición
Divertículo de Meckel de presentación en edad atípica
Authors: González Haden , Notejane Martín , Vomero Alejandra , Fein Lucía , Pereira Diego , García Loreley
Published: November 2024

Introducción: el divertículo de Meckel (DM) es la malformación congénita gastrointestinal más frecuente, resultado de la falla de la obliteración del conducto onfalomesentérico. Se presenta habitualmente en menores de 2 años. La mayoría permanecen asintomáticos. El tratamiento dependerá de si la presentación clínica fue sintomática o un hallazgo imagenológico o laparoscópico.
Caso clínico: adolescente de 11 años, sexo femenino. Siete días previos a la consulta, comienza con enterorragia, cuatro a cinco episodios por día. En la evolución, presenta melenas, no dolor abdominal, ni fiebre. El día del ingreso instala cefalea, mareos, palpitaciones y fatiga. Examen físico: Glasgow 15, FC 110 lpm, FR 20 rpm, presión arterial 100/60 mmHg. Palidez cutáneo-mucosa intensa. Abdomen: blando, depresible, dolor a la palpación profunda de epigastrio. Se colocó sonda nasogástrica, aspirando líquido gástrico claro. Estudios: hemograma: Hb 6,3 g/dl, HTO 16,8%, plaquetas 343.000/mm³, glóbulos blancos 19.400/mm³. Crasis sanguínea normal. Se realizó transfusión de glóbulos rojos. Ecografía abdominal normal. Fibrogastroscopía sin alteraciones. Centellograma evidenció DM. Se realizó resección de segmento intestinal que incluye el DM y anastomosis íleo-ileal término-terminal por vía laparoscópica. Buena evolución, sin complicaciones.
Conclusiones: si bien el DM suele presentarse en niños pequeños, el pediatra debe mantener un alto índice de sospecha en escolares y adolescentes con clínica sugestiva. La enterorragia, acompañada de melenas sin dolor abdominal espontáneo, suele orientar el diagnóstico. Es fundamental realizar un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento oportuno.
Reporte de caso: patología laríngea congénita atípica.
Authors: Medina Maria Sol , Bosch Juan José , Rivera Jordan , Marmo José , Berazategui Juan Pablo
Published: November 2024

La estenosis laríngea es una de las causas más habituales de obstrucción de la vía aérea superior en pediatría. La estenosis laríngea congénita es la tercera anormalidad congénita laríngea más frecuente, luego de la laringomalacia y la parálisis cordal. El diagnóstico se sustenta en la clínica del paciente, la evaluación radiológica, la laringoscopía flexible y la endoscopía rígida de la vía aérea bajo anestesia general. Describimos un caso de estenosis laríngea congénita de presentación atípica con un pólipo en línea media, predominando la disfonía en lugar de la obstrucción respiratoria.
Evaluating the Impact of Urban Green Spaces on Air Quality in Beijing A Review of Studies from 2015 to 2023
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Bo
Published: November 2024

This review evaluates the impact of urban green spaces (UGS) on air quality in Beijing, one of the world’s most polluted cities, based on studies from 2015 to 2023. Urban green spaces, including parks and vegetation, have been shown to reduce air pollution, particularly PM2.5 and PM10, thereby improving public health by mitigating respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The review highlights the critical role of UGS in enhancing air quality, promoting health equity, and combating the urban heat island effect. Despite these benefits, challenges related to maintenance, accessibility, and equitable distribution of green spaces persist. The paper also emphasizes the need for urban planning strategies that integrate green spaces to improve environmental resilience, particularly in rapidly urbanizing cities like Beijing. Through a synthesis of multiple studies, this article underscores the necessity of continued research and effective policy interventions to maximize the health and environmental benefits of urban green spaces in the face of ongoing pollution and climate change challenges.
Enhancing Self-Forgiveness to Reduce Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Sim Shu Qing , Zhou Wen
Published: November 2024

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS) suggests that the co-occurrence of perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB) leads to suicidal ideation. Previous research suggests that self-forgiveness moderates the relationship between PB and suicidal ideation, yet whether it influences the link between TB and suicidal ideation remains unexamined. Here, we aimed to further explore the role of self-forgiveness and develop a strategy to mitigate the impact of PB and TB. We first re-tested the ITS in the Chinese population (Study 1; N = 460) which previous research rarely investigated. We validated the ITS in this context, and found that self-forgiveness moderated the relationships between both PB and TB and suicidal ideation. In Study 2 (N = 214), we developed a 10-minute workbook intervention to induce self-forgiveness in participants with suicidal desires. This intervention led to decreases in both PB and TB, and reduced participants’ suicidal ideation and self-harm tendencies. These findings indicate that enhancing self-forgiveness may serve as a protective mechanism that buffers the impact of risky beliefs on suicidality in Chinese adults.
Assessing Reproducibility in Electrochemical Ammonium Chloride Sensor Fabrication for Pedagogical Purposes
Authors: Garay Linda Esperanza Bertel , VERA EFRÉN DAVID MONTES
Published: November 2024

One of the greatest challenges in manufacturing electrochemical sensors is the intrinsic variability associated with the construction process, which can arise from minor differences in materials and human influences or errors. Providing students with knowledge of sensor manufacturing, application, and data analysis from the early stages of their professional training equips them with essential tools for developing electrochemical sensors in their postgraduate studies or future employment. This work presents a pedagogical strategy that enables students to compare the performance of three electrochemical ammonium chloride sensors fabricated in the same way, using simple and low-cost materials. The exercise involves determining the calibration curve equation, limit of detection (LoD), and limit of quantification (LoQ) for each sensor. Results indicate significant nonreproducibility across different sensor assemblies; however, each sensor exhibits acceptable sensitivity for detecting ammonium chloride in the μM range.
Contrasting Experiences: Gender Disparities in Spirituality, Character Strengths, Mental Health, and Social Justice Among Next-Generation Religious Leaders
Authors: Kim Seungju , Wang David , Gin Deborah H. C. , Deasy Jo Ann , Sandage Steven
Published: November 2024

In spite of the substantial historical and ongoing contributions of female religious leaders to the life of religious communities around the world, little is understood about their contrasting experiences in a context that tends to be male normative, especially from an empirical perspective. Poorly understood experiences of female religious leaders lead institutions and religious leaders to assume a lack of heterogeneity, along with the ongoing adoption of formative experiences that are normed after a population that does not reflect the realities of most current and/or future religious leaders. Little to no empirical studies to date have formally investigated gender differences in religious leaders in many domains, much less mental health. The present study utilized a sample of 452 emerging religious leaders (50.2%, women) and a series of t-tests on self-report measures across domains of spirituality, character, emotional and mental health, and social values. Overall, women reported significantly higher rates of character strengths, social justice values, as well as lower emotional and mental health compared to men. Results also indicated that men reported higher rates of Narcissism-Grandiosity and Spirituality, yet women reported higher rates of Narcissism-Vulnerability. The authors identify potential drivers of differences and disparities while proposing recommendations for stakeholders in religious communities and higher education.
Semantic anchors facilitate task encoding in continual learning
Authors: Habibi Mina , Verbeke Pieter , Senoussi Mehdi , Braem Senne
Published: November 2024

Humans are remarkably efficient at learning new tasks, in large part by relying on the integration of previously learned knowledge. However, research on task learning typically focuses on the learning of abstract task rules on minimalist stimuli, to study behavior independent of the learning history that humans come equipped with (i.e., semantic knowledge). In contrast, several theories suggest that the use of semantic knowledge and labels may help the learning of new task information. Here, we tested whether providing existing, semantically rich task rules and response labels allowed for more robust task encoding and less (catastrophic) forgetting and interference. Our results show that providing semantically rich task rules and response labels resulted in less task forgetting (Experiment 1), both when using pictorial symbols or words as labels (Experiment 2). Using artificial recurrent neural networks fitted to task behavior, we show that the semantically rich learning conditions resulted in more separated task representations during learning. Finally, using a subsequent value-based decision-making task and reinforcement learning modelling (Experiment 3), we demonstrate how the learned embedding of novel stimuli in semantically rich, separated task representations, further allowed for a more efficient, feature-specific processing when learning new task information. Together, our findings show the benefit of using semantically rich task rules and response labels during novel task learning, thereby offering important insights into why humans excel in continual learning and are less susceptible to catastrophic forgetting compared to most artificial agents.
Estimation of the adaptogenic potential of melatonin on salinity resistance of spring wheat seeds and sprouts
Authors: Mukhina M. T. , Shapoval O. A. , Borovik R. A. , Korshunov A. A.
Published: November 2024

The current paper is devoted to the study of melatonin as an adaptogen capable of increasing wheat tolerance to stress caused by excess levels of easily soluble salts in the environment. The purpose of the study was to evaluate, within the framework of a laboratory model experiment, the ability of melatonin to increase seed germination and stimulate growth processes in wheat sprouts against the background of salinity. The study was conduc ted at the FSBI All-Russian Scientiﬁc Research Institute of Agrochemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikov in 2024. The study objects were seeds of the spring wheat variety ‘Darya’. Before the experiment, the seeds were treated with aqueous solutions of melatonin in concentrations of 0; 0.01; 0.1; 1 and 10 mg/l using the priming method. Distilled water and a 150 mM sodium chloride solution were used as background solutions for germination. As a result, there has been shown that within the framework of the experiment, there is an increase in seed germination against the background of treatment with melatonin solutions in concentrations from 0.1 to 10 mg/l against a saline background. Seed treatment with melatonin has demonstrated a pronounced growth-stimulating eﬀect on wheat sprouts, especially in relation to the root system. However, the strength of this eﬀect was somewhat reduced on a saline background compared to control conditions. There was a maximum growth-stimulating eﬀect of melatonin on both backgrounds when using a solution with a concentration of 1 mg/l. There was also established that priming seeds with melatonin promoted water retention in seedling root cells, which may be one of the mechanisms for increasing plant resistance to salinity.
Agroecological estimation of the effect of crop rotation and mineral fertilizers on productivity and quality of spring barley grain in the Central Blackearth region of Russia
Authors: Gureev I. I. , Gostev A. V. , Lukiyanov V. A. , Khlyupina S. V. , Prushchik I. A.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the current study was to determine the eﬀect of crop rotations and doses of mineral fertilizers on productivity, grain quality of spring barley and fertility of typical chernozem in the Central Сhernozem Region (CBR). The study was conducted in a multifactorial trial located on the watershed plateau of the research and production department No. 2 of the Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center in 2018 and 2022. The soil of the experimental plot was typical medium-loamy chernozem, with 5.9 % of humus. There have been studied such factors as grain-fallow-row and grain-grass-row crop rotations; with fertilizer doses and no fertilizers, N30Р30К30, N60Р60К60. The highest biological productivity of spring barley up to 5.99 t/ha was identiﬁed in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation with the dose of N60Р60К60. However, the presence of perennial leguminous grasses in the grain-grass-row crop rotation contributed to a smaller decrease in humus, the maximum loss of which in it was 0.14 %, which was 0.02 % lower than in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation. The trends of agroecological eﬀect of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the indicators of spring barley grain production were estimated with a digital method, namely the Harrington desirability function. There has been established an “acceptable, satisfactory” eﬀect of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the studied indicators (di = 0.50), but in relation to individual indicators of grain production, the level of eﬀect of crop rotations varies signiﬁcantly from di = 0.12 “completely unacceptable” to di = 0.83 “most acceptable”. The ecological properties of crop rotation are manifested in the estimation of its eﬀect on the humus content in the soil: “acceptable, satisfactory” (di = 0.38–0.52). The comprehensive estimation of the eﬀect of mineral fertilizers for most indicators has increased proportionally to their dose, reaching di = 0.49–0.65, which indicates their “acceptable, satisfactory” eﬀect.
Science communication for a sustainable academia: a comparative analysis of public and private universities Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain
Authors: Torres Mancera Rocío , Martínez-Rodrigo Estrella
Published: November 2024

Introduction: This research outlines a comprehensive study aimed at exploring the role of science communication in high education institutions, its impact and future sustainability in European universities across Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Methodology: By conducting a comparative review, we aim to provide valuable insights that can inform policy decisions and practices in the field of education sciences sharing knowledge in a more efficient manner. Through an examination of existing corporate data of public and private centers (N = 166) by conducting an exhaustive quantitative and correlational analysis of its official digital communications. Results: it is spotted that Spanish universities include more direct messages towards science communications, while Netherlands make much less general load but focuses more on sustainability topics. Findings suggests that in the stakeholder management, quantitative attempts in digital media are stronger from public institutions but may not be as decisive as the quality efforts, given that although Spain leads a higher gross value of online corporate communications, Dutch and Portuguese public universities are relatively much better valued in the global worldwide academic classification. Conclusions: This first study reveals an innovative unique new approach in cross-analyzing sustainable scientist knowledge, European universities, and international rating impacts based on the ARWU ranking.
SES UYARANLARININ ALGISAL İKİLEMİ
Authors: Tekin Gürgen Elif
Published: November 2024

Müzik algısına yönelik çalışmalar müziğin insan zihni üzerindeki etkilerini ve buna bağlı olarak müziksel davranışları anlamayı hedefler. Bu çalışmalar bir başlangıç noktası olarak müziksel uyaranlara verdiğimiz tepkiler üzerine temellenirken müziği ses sinyallerinden oluşan bir fiziksel gerçeklik olarak inceler. Ancak bu ses sinyallerinin fiziksel gerçekliği ile, algıladığımız ses deneyimi arasında bir fark ortaya çıkar. Algısal ikilemi yaratan akustik dünya ile algısal dünya arasındaki bu farktır. Aynı akustik uyarana farklı kişilerin farklı işitsel tepkiler vermesi veya aynı kişinin farklı zamanlarda farklı tepkiler vermesi bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu nedenlerle bu çalışma neden-sonuç içerisinde açıklanabilen akustik dünyayı doğrudan deneyimlemek yerine bambaşka algısal çıkarımlar yapıyor olduğumuz gerçeğini ortaya koyup bunun nedenlerini tartışmayı amaçlar. Bu bağlamda makalede sesin en önemli dört boyutundan ikisi olan perde ve tını kavramları algısal açıdan ele alınmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra uyum-uyumsuzluk algısına ilişkin tarihsel perspektifte fiziksel, kültürel ve biyolojik açıdan tartışmalara yer verilir. Ayrıca perde ve tını algısıyla ilgili çeşitli teoriler, seslerin ya da ses kombinasyonlarının bir araya gelerek oluşturduğu örüntülerin bütünsel algısı olan Gestalt ve müzikteki illüzyonlara değinilerek konuyla ilgili daha geniş bir perspektif sunulmaktadır.
Formação de professores Mebêngokrê: interculturalidade, territorialidade e identidades Kayapó
Authors: Pereira Airton dos Reis , Alencar Joelma Cristina Parente Monteiro , Siade Jefferson Vieira
Published: November 2024

O e-book Formação de Professores Mebêngokrê reflete a trajetória de formação da turma Kayapó no Curso de Licenciatura Intercultural Indígena da Universidade do Estado do Pará, além de revelar a vivência e as necessidades das aldeias. Elaborados por pesquisadores Kayapó e seus orientadores kubẽ, esses trabalhos demonstram a prática pedagógica significativa e a alfabetização científica dos professores Kayapó, capacitados para compreender e aplicar conceitos científicos em seu cotidiano. Essa é a primeira publicação do selo Etno’s – Saberes Indígenas, uma iniciativa do Núcleo de Formação Indígena – NUFI em parceria com a Editora da UEPA – Eduepa, que certifica publicações de natureza tecnológica, didático-pedagógica e científica, oriundas de ações colaborativas com os povos indígenas. O selo permite à comunidade identificar produções que respeitam a autoria indígena, promovendo diálogos interculturais e valorizando o conhecimento ancestral. Essa estratégia fortalece a Política Indigenista da UEPA, contribuindo para a preservação dos direitos e da autonomia dos povos indígenas, além de disseminar suas investigações e experiências para a sociedade. Assim, tanto os trabalhos da turma Kayapó quanto o Selo Etno’s representam passos importantes na valorização e visibilidade do etnoconhecimento indígena.
Synthesis and structure of 4-(het)aryl-6-methyl-2-cyanoimino-N,N-diethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamides
Authors: Buzmakova N. A. , Zamaraeva T. M. , Slepova N. V. , Sobin F. V. , Dmitriev M. V.
Published: November 2024

A series of previously unknown 4-(het)aryl-6-methyl-2-cyanoimino-N,N-diethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamides was synthesized by the reaction of N,N-diethyl-3-oxobutanamide with (het)arylaldehydes and N-cyanoguanidine. The structure of the obtained compounds was established by IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Synthesis and biological activity of substituted 5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxamides
Authors: Nosova N. V. , Starovoytova М. О. , Mahmudov R. R. , Novikova V. V. , Dmitriev М. V. , Gein V. L.
Published: November 2024

A four-component solvent-free reaction of acetoacetic acid amide with dimedone, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate leads to new substituted 5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxamides. The structures of the products were proved using IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antinociceptive activities.
Synthesis of 1-aminoalkyl-5,6-diaryl-2-oxopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles
Authors: Kasimova N. N. , Gein V. L.
Published: November 2024

The reaction of substituted 1-aminoalkyl-3-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-ones with hydrazine hydrate in boiling glacial acetic acid leads to the formation of 1-aminoalkyl-5,6-diaryl-2-oxopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by IR, 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectroscopy methods.
Palladium(II) extraction from hydrochloric acid solutions with 2,6-bis[(methylsulfanyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-one
Authors: Anpilogova G. R. , Baeva L. A. , Biktasheva L. F. , Akhiyarov A. A.
Published: November 2024

Palladium(II) extraction from hydrochloric acid solutions with 2,6-bis[(methylsulfanyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-one, obtained from natural methanethiol, was studied using chloroform as a diluent. Palladium(II) is recovered rapidly and with high efficiency by the extractant from solutions of 0.1–10 mol/L HCl and can be separated with high selectivity from Pt(IV), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III). A coordination mechanism of the palladium(II) extraction from 1 M HCl solutions was established. The extraction agent is coordinated to the Pd(II) ion through donor sulfur atoms in an extracted compound of the [PdCl2L] type. Stripping of Pd(II) is effectively carried out with a 1 M NH4OH solution or an acidic (0.1 mol/L HCl) thiourea solution.
Synthesis, Reactions and Application of 2,2-Dimethyl-4-oxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (A Review)
Authors: Nurieva E. R. , Borisova Yu. G. , Raskildina G. Z. , Sultanova R. M. , Zlotsky S. S.
Published: November 2024

This review analyzes publications that present the results of studies of modern and traditional approaches to the synthesis of 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, as well as data on methods for its use in organic synthesis. The ways of obtaining enantiomerically pure 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolanes, necessary in the production of drugs, are shown. Publications devoted to the use of 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane in pharmaceutical, medicinal chemistry and petrochemistry are presented.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Copolyarylene Phthalides and Their Copolymers with Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene
Authors: Yumagulova R. Kh. , Yangirov T. A. , Ayupova A. R. , Kraikin V. A.
Published: November 2024

Sulfuric acid solutions of copolyarylene phthalides of the diphenyloxide series and their copolymers with methyl methacrylate and styrene were studied by the photometric method. According to spectral data, regardless of the ratio of single (α) and double (β + γ) phthalide groups in the macrochains of copolyarylene phthalides in their copolymers with methyl methacrylate, there are ~20–26 mol of MMA per 1 mol of phthalide units. The structure of copolyarylene phthalides is a determining factor in the formation of copolymers with styrene, in which either styrene units or phthalide fragments predominate (~15–40 and ~2–5 mol of styrene per mole of phthalide unit).
Thermal and Luminescent Properties of Multi-Ligand Complexes of Europium(III) with Pyrazine-2-carboxylic Acid
Authors: Kalinovskaya I. V. , Zadorozhnaya A. N. , Kuryavy V. G. , Popov L. D.
Published: November 2024

Eu(III) compounds with pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid and nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing neutral ligands were synthesized. Using the methods of chemical elemental and thermal analysis and IR spectroscopy, the composition of the complexes and the method of coordination of carboxylate ions were established. The most thermally stable compounds have been identified. The luminescent characteristics of complex compounds have been studied. It was found that the maximum luminescence intensity is characteristic of europium(III) pyrazinate with triphenylphosphine oxide. The morphological structure and dispersion of the complexes were determined.
Three new species of oribatid mites of the superfamily oripodoidea (acari, oribatida) from Vietnam
Authors: Ermilov S. G. , Salavatulin V. M. , Kontschán J.
Published: November 2024

Three new species of oribatid mites (Oribatida) of the superfamily Oripodoidea – Phauloppia differens sp. n. (Oribatulidae), Oripoda operta sp. n. (Oripodidae) and Pirnodus concavus sp. n. (Oripodidae) – are described, based on adults collected from the bark and tree branches of Dipterocarpus alatus and Haldina cordifolia in southern Vietnam.
Modern Capitalism from the Perspective of Critical Theory of Society
Authors: Fatenkov Aleksey N.
Published: November 2024

The author resolves a twofold task: to give essential characteristics of the modern society and to reveal the reasons for difficulties faced by the social theory while describing it. In this regard, structural and substantive shortcomings are revealed in the traditional class approach to social realit analysis as well as in competing stratum and network-based approaches. The discourse of ‘post-capitalism’ is critically evaluated. The concept of the capitalist essence of social relations dominating at present is deduced from the statement of an extremely high level of alienation characteristic for the modern technologically developed society. The notion of consumer society is conceptually tied to the matrix of capitalism and meaningfully clarified. The author’s central idea is that today we are dealing with authentic capitalism. It is a unipolar configuration with the only, i.e. ruling, class, in the center, and a declassed social mass in the vast periphery of the center. In overcoming the alienation and dictates of capital, an important role is assigned to the procedure of self-identification of individual.
The Contours of an Interdisciplinary Concept of the Synergistic Complexities
Authors: Kravchenko Sergey A.
Published: November 2024

There are analyzed the ‘arrow of time’ effects that generate ‘order out of chaos’ (I. Prigozhin) and the accompanying phenomena that have now arisen in the form of ‘synergistic complexities’ (N. Lapin) – they set trends in the becoming of new Russia and form the image of its future. According to the author, their content and character are determined by the genotype of culture, which can either correspond to the civilizational foundations of the country or be borrowed from other cultures, on that factor the country’s sovereign, stable or, on the contrary, traumatic, crisis development depends. Specifically considered are such types of synergistic complexities as glo-local-enclave spaces, synergistic time, hybrids of social, natural and technical/digital realities, hybrids of human physicality, interference risks, synergistic public consciousness and scientific knowledge of a synergistic type. It is substantiated that their complex nature, non-linear development, respectively, demanded for working out the synergistic interdisciplinary knowledge. Paying tribute to foreign scientists in its development, the author notes that it is dominated by formal and pragmatic methodology, while domestic researchers are dominated by comprehensive, more balanced approaches, including the consideration of national and cultural specifics. The author, taking into account their theoretical and methodological achievements, proposes the contours of the concept of the interdisciplinary paradigm of synergistic complexities with a humanistic core. Conclusions are drawn that on its basis it is possible to develop the political strategy for governing the synergistic complexities, which allows solving the urgent tasks of the country’s sovereign and sustainable development, reproducing the national human capital, preserving the uniqueness of our natural world and developing technological innovations without risks to human existential security.
Subjective Well-Being and Standard of Living in the Kaliningrad Region
Authors: Zotova Maria V. , Zinovyev Andrey S.
Published: November 2024

The article provides a conjugated analysis of an objectified picture of the living conditions and subjective well-being of the population in the Kaliningrad region as one of the Russian border regions, characterized by the strengthening of the role of the border as a dividing marker against the background of intense cross-border interactions in the recent past. The study is based on a comparison of the socio-economic indicators of the neighboring border regions of Russia, Poland, and Lithuania with quantitative (representative survey) and qualitative sociological data (focus groups and semi-structured interviews) obtained by the authors in Kaliningrad region in 2020–2022. It is shown that subjective well-being and perception of the quality of life, as well as a comparison of one’s own standard of living with that achieved in neighboring Poland and Lithuania, are determined by the socio-economic polarization of the region and the heterogeneity of the Kaliningrad society, including differences in lifestyle, mobility, and activity of residents. An imbalance between the relative material well-being of the inhabitants of the exclave against the background of other Russian regions and their poor social well-being caused by an unfavorable comparison of themselves with neighboring EU countries was revealed. Differences across the border are assessed primarily through the prism of general admiration for Europe, envy of goods and comfort, although most respondents are not familiar with the realities of life on the other side of the border. At the same time, the main referents of unfavorable comparisons are not only neighbors, but also the most wealthy and successful groups of the population.
Status positions and scientific Capital in Russian Science
Authors: Noskova Antonina V. , Goloukhova Darya V. , Kuzmina Elena I.
Published: November 2024

The paper addresses scientific capital distribution and describes status positions of scientists in the field of modern Russian science. Inequalities in science are associated with a variety of factors including gender, wealth, symbolic and moral authority etc. However, technological development has emphasized the significance of new inequality forms based on digital and networking skills. An important question is how these new inequality factors change the field of science. The theoretical and methodological framework of the paper is based on the ideas of R. Merton on the differentiated allocation of rewards, as well as the provisions of P. Bourdieu on dominance in the field of science and on the types of scientific capital. The authors present the result of an online survey of Russian scientists (N=551), the aim of which was to identify the gaps and contradictions within the field of Russian science. To differentiate between the status positions of scientists the authors constructed an integral index of scientific status, according to which all the scientists were divided into three categories with low, medium and high status positions. Empirical data show that there is a contradiction between the scientific dominance based on formal status, and the one based on the production of advanced scientific knowledge. Formal characteristics of the scientific status do not fully reflect subjective perception of the return on the accumulated scientific capital. It is suggested that the elimination of contradictions by means of science policies may contribute to the development of Russian science.
Subjective social mobility of university graduates through the lenses of their educational trajectories
Authors: Lukina Anastasiia A. , Maltseva Vera A. , Rozenfeld Natalya Ya.
Published: November 2024

The article examines patterns of subjective social mobility of Russian universities’ graduates based on the longitudinal database ”Trajectories in education and career“. Using a scale of a ten-step ”social ladder“ the following results were obtained. First, university graduates are more likely to experience a downward status transition and are unlikely exposed to a pronounced upward mobility or reproduction of high status; so they are more often characterized by immobility in average status positions. Higher education does not consolidate status privileges in the youth cohort and does not always play the social elevator role. Second, the analysis of mobility patterns in the context of trajectories on the way to university showed that university graduates previously graduated from high school are characterized by reproduction of high status. Last, trajectories with master’s degree turned out to be more ”risky“ than with only baccalaureate: master’s degree graduates are more likely to move either up or down the social ladder, while undergraduate trajectories are more characterized by status reproduction. The results of the study offer new empirical ground to consider higher education as a ”non-homogeneous“ level of education and its ambiguous role in social mobility.
Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Persons Convicted for Terrorist Crimes
Authors: Kazberov Pavel N.
Published: November 2024

The publication analyzes the conformity question of the personal characteristics of people convicted of terrorist crimes with the main characteristics of the outcasts represented in sociology. In the process of studying the general characteristics of this category of persons, which included a sociological characteristic, empirical materials were obtained that allow us to put forward a working hypothesis that persons who have committed terrorist crimes have personal characteristics that are mainly characteristic of marginals. In addition to the empirical materials of structured interviews with the studied persons, this hypothesis was supported by the materials of questionnaires, testing, as well as the results of studying all the available materials characterizing them, including the texts of court decisions (sentences). Thus, according to the results of a study of the sociological characteristics of persons convicted for terrorist crimes by comparing their own results with the available theoretical and practical results of studying the emergence and manifestation of structural marginality, it was found that the studied persons do indeed have sociological characteristics characteristic of the marginalized. It has been established that most of the main sociological characteristics, conditions and situations inherent in persons subjected to structural marginalization, identified in the studies by leading sociologists, are present in the structure of the personality of people convicted of terrorism. This state of affairs opens up new possibilities in determining and implementing a corrective, corrective impact on the personality of those convicted of terrorist crimes.
In Search of a New Strategy of the Franco-German Tandem: Domestic Political Factors
Authors: Rubinskiy Yu. I , Sindeev A. A
Published: November 2024

The article addresses internal political factors that may influence the search for a new common strategy for the Franco-German tandem. The relevance of the article is determined by the lack of alternatives for in-depth cooperation between partners, who are currently forced to develop a joint approach towards the EU reform and clarify the prospects for acceptable convergence of their own socio-economic models. The first part of the article (“France at a crossroads”) analyses the features of the modern development of France and draws a conclusion about the limited freedom of maneuver for President E. Macron to implement his declared reform program. The second part (“The Beginning of a New Transformation in Germany”) argues that Germany has entered a stage of largescale transformations. Politicians and citizens do not know the completion dates of the transformations, the results and the amount of expenses. In the third part (“Strategic Seminar in Hamburg”) the authors show why France and Germany are returning to the concept of shared responsibility. They also reflect on how partners intend to overcome asymmetry and objective differences and urge to monitor and analyse Franco-German tandem developments to clarify the resources necessary for the successful implementation of Russian national programs and adjust the timing of their implementation.
Direct and Digital Democracy in the Ideology and Politics of the Five Star Movement
Authors: Vakhrushev I. Yu
Published: November 2024

The article analyses the role of direct and e-democracy in the ideology and political practice of the Italian populist party Five Star Movement (M5S). Founded as a party in 2009, Movement stood out among European populists with its pronounced leftgreen agenda aimed at solving local problems of an urban nature. However, an even more remarkable feature of the Five Stars has become an equally clearly noticeable technoutopianism mixed with direct democracy, which argues for the need to expand democratic participation for ordinary citizens through the tools of direct democracy and digital technologies. Based on the study of primary sources (party documents, Beppe Grillo's blog and the official party blog), as well as text media materials, an attempt is made to trace how during two periods of activity of Five Star Movement in 2013–2022 the attitude of the party leaders to the role of direct and electronic democracy in the political activity of Five Stars gradually changed. The article analyses changes in Five Star Movement’s organisational structure and tools of the e-democracy in the course of the development of the party and its institutionalisation into the Italian party-political system. The article concludes that with the process of Five Stars’ incorporation into the political regime, the party has pushed technoutopianism out of its agenda and practice, strengthening party centralisation. Thus, innovative practices in the digitalisation of the political process did not lead to a real expansion of democratic participation, but were subordinated to a party discipline.
Turkish Gas Hub: Opportunities for Europe and Turkey
Authors: Menshov A. V
Published: November 2024

The article examines the factors that have an impact on the implementation of the international gas hub project in Turkey. Upon successful completion of construction, the Turkish hub will become an alternative pricing center in South-Eastern Europe. It will allow to diversify gas imports to the European Union and stabilise supplies. In addition to obtaining a new supply route, the EU will be able to return to the purchase of Russian gas, bypassing its own sanctions. Due to the hub, a “Turkish gas mix” will be formed, which makes it possible for Europe to purchase it without political risks. The objectives of the study include determining the conditions that are necessary for this project. First, there must be a multitude of gas sources. Turkey needs to increase its own productions and to ensure stable supplies through existing and potential pipelines from Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Besides these routes, Turkey needs LNG terminals that will diversify export routes. Such a variety of different sources of imports makes it possible to avoid the dominance of one supplier and create competitive conditions, which are necessary for the formation of a gas hub. The aim of the research is to assess the possibility of creating a Turkish gas hub. The article can be used for a deeper study of factors influencing this project, as well as, for reassessing the possibility of its implementation in case of new circumstances.
“Let’s live long enough so as see how science and peAce triumph over ignorance and war”: correpondence between E. Kahane and a. E. Braunshtein as a mirror of soviet-French scientific Links in biochemistry in the 1950s – 1980s
Authors: Fando Roman A. , Sozinov Ivan V.
Published: November 2024

The article reviews an episode in the Soviet-French scientific cooperation in the field of biochemistry in the 1950s – 1980s, as reflected in a unique historical source – the correspondence between a renowned Soviet biochemist, Academician A. E. Braunshtein (Braunstein), and his French colleague Ernest Kahane that lasted about 30 years. The remaining 16 letters (5 addressed to Kahane and 11, to Braunshtein) with commentary are published in the end of the article. From this correspondence one can learn about the aspects of convening certain scientific events, some details from the correspondents’ biographies, discussions of joint Soviet-French scientific projects, etc. The style of the letters varies, with Kahane being more emotional and allowing himself to criticize the authorities that withheld issuing visa to Braunshtein and give emotional characteristics of his colleagues-biochemists. Braunshtein’s epistolary style is more reserved, which was in line with his character. Apart from the letters, the article uses a wide range of sources many of which are introduced for scientific use for the first time. These materials concerning Braunshtein’s international secondments, autobiographies, and memoirs about Braunshtein allow reconstructing the historical context in which the communication between Soviet and French biochemists occurred. Thus, despite France not being the main foreign partner for Braunshtein and his laboratory, the materials published here cast light on some of the less studied aspects of the French-Soviet scientific cooperation.
Soviet Marxist Humanism: from the Class Struggle to the Renaissance of Human
Authors: Emelyanov Andrei Sergeevich
Published: November 2024

The article considers the main ideas of Soviet Marxist humanism. It is shown that, despite ideological control over culture and science, an original version of Marxist humanism has been developing in Soviet philosophy since the mid 1930-s. Unlike other countries, where the publication of Marxs Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts played a key role in the emergence of Marxist humanism, this publication did not have the same impact in the USSR. Soviet Marxist humanism results from the debates about proletarian culture and humanism in 1920–30-s and also evolves as an anti-fascist movement. Studying the subject, we analyze three key narratives: proletarian humanism, socialist humanism and communist humanism. Proletarian humanism (M. Gorky, M. Petrosyan), in our opinion, historically corresponded to the period of irreconcilable ideological struggle with abstract humanism and fascism. Socialist humanism (N. Bukharin, P. Fedoseev, F. Konstantinov) was investigating necessary material and spiritual conditions to bring up a comprehensively developed personality. Communist humanism (I. Frolov) reflected the process of scientific and technological revolution and historically corresponded to de-escalation of international relationships and political course towards democratization and transparency.
The Hard Problem of Informed Consent: Risks and Limits of Personal Autonomy in Biobanks
Authors: Belyaletdinov Roman R.
Published: November 2024

This article explores the connection between biobanks and society through informed consent. An analysis of the risks associated with biobanks and the idea of informed consent in the context of the functioning of biobanks are carried out. The hypothesis of this study is that the concept of informed consent structurally, at the level of risk assessment in relation to oneself and close relatives, does not coincide with the beneficiary model of obtaining scientific knowledge based on justice and the concept of minimal harm. This may argue for the principle of informed consent based on respect for the principle of autonomy. The article makes the assumption that the introduction of an extended informed consent form without the possibility of specifying in which studies biospecimens will be used affects not only individual interests, but also the interests of immediate relatives. Finding such a model of informed consent, where not only the arguments of the beneficiary model and the concept of negligible risk, implemented on the basis of an individual decision, will be taken into account, but also family connections will be taken into account, can be considered the task of adapting informed consent to the work of biobanks.
Death and Digital Immortality: Hi-Tech Grief
Authors: Khusyainov Timur M. , Urusova Ekaterina A.
Published: November 2024

The study focuses on the issue of commemorative practiсe transformation as a result of digital technology development. The human has been using different means of interaction with the dead in order to receive answers, knowledge, and protection for thousands of years. A modern human needs it as well that leads to the demand for the development of digital technology in commemoration and grief. There is an important aspect related to the commemoration of and respect to the dead that is evidenced by building memorials and preserving their possessions and stories about them. In digitalization, we can see it in the interaction with digital footprints and digital avatars that demonstrate the activity of the human in the virtual space. In spite of increasing demand for interaction with the dead, this contact may bring not only nostalgic feelings or relief but also cause suspiciousness, fear and anxiety, postpone and extend grieving. Detabooing of the subject of death, its more active discussion and availability of information do not always help the human start thinking about their own death leaving the feeling of death anxiety for Another. At the same time, there is a two-way process: information in the virtual space about real deaths, especially detailed one, makes them an unreal narration. A digital avatar of the dead is also awarded with dichotomic features: it is both alive and dead, developing or created with no participation of a certain person (the dead). After death, digital footprints do not belong to them; they become «digital heritage» for the close ones and public that may cause «resurrection» in the virtual space, even if there was no consent to distribute information. As a result, the digital avatar of the dead can be used both to endure grief and manipulate in order to swindle money, involve in destructive communities or lead to suicide.
Microplastic in Abiotic and Biotic Parts of the Mesha Bay of the Kuibyshev Reservoir (Republic of Tatarstan)
Authors: Stepanova N. Y. , Shevchuk K. A. , Kuzmin L. S. , Gaisin A. R.
Published: November 2024

The study of microplastic content in water, sediments, gills and gastrointestinal tract of bream (Abramis brama) at the mouth of the Mesha River, the right tributary of the Kama River, was conducted. The content of microplastics in water was found at the level of 20.5 ± 22.3 units/m3, in bottom sediments 44.7 ± 41.8 units/kg, in fish gills 12.3 ± 8.4 units/example, in the gastrointestinal tract 14.5 ± 11.5 units/example. Fibers dominated in water samples, in the gills and gastrointestinal tract of fish, fragments dominated in the sediment. Correlation analysis showed the presence of a negative relationship between the content of microplastics in the gills, gastrointestinal tract and biologic indicators of studied fish. In terms of the frequency of occurrence and content of microplastics in the gills and gastrointestinal tract, the contamination of the studied fish is at a high level compared to literature data, which is associated with the feeding behavior of bream.