bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep-S2SWind: A data-driven approach for improving sub-seasonal predictions of wind droughts 
Authors: Otero Noelia , Horton Pascal
Published: February 2023

A major transformation to mitigate climate change implies a rapid decarbonisation of the energy system and thus, increasing the use of renewable energy sources, such as wind power. However,  renewable resources are strongly dependent on local and large-scale weather conditions, which might be influenced by climate change. Weather-related risk assessments are essential for the energy sector, particularly for power system management decisions, for which forecasts of climatic conditions from several weeks to months (i.e. sub-seasonal scales) are of key importance. The sensitivity of renewable dominant power systems to weather and climate variability has raised concern about reliability and the potential for energy droughts, a new term that has recently emerged in the energy context to define periods of low renewable energy production or/and high electricity demand as a result of weather variability. In particular, periods of low wind speed referred to as wind droughts are gaining attention not only in the scientific community but also in the energy sector. 

Building upon the success of recent machine learning applications for weather prediction, we propose a data-driven approach to improve the prediction of wind droughts of days-to-weeks in advance, which can benefit the energy sector. Our modelling framework comprises models: i)  model A trained with a total of 19 inputs for a short lead time (1-day) and creates iterative forecasts up to 42 days lead time (6-weeks); ii) model B trained using the same inputs, excluding wind speed, and one single output: low wind speed events. After training model B, predictions of low wind episodes at different lead times are created based on the forecasts obtained from model A for the corresponding lead times. With this study, we aim to provide further insights to assess the feasibility of data-driven approaches for predicting weather extreme events. 
The EDORA project: Towards a multi-sectoral drought risk assessment in Europe
Authors: Rossi Lauro , Bláhová Monika , Blauhut Veit , De Moel Hans , Cotti Davide , Hagenlocher Michael , Kohn Irene , Van Loon Anne , Maetens Willem , Masante Dario , Rudari Roberto , Sabino Siemons Anne-Sophie , Stahl Kerstin , Stephan Ruth , Szillat Kathrin , Toreti Andrea , Wens Marthe , Naumann Gustavo
Published: February 2023

Drought affects almost every aspect of the environment and society. However, specific sectoral drought impact and risk assessments are often excluded from loss estimates because they are difficult to quantify and/or model. Effectively assessing and managing drought risk requires a multi-scale and multi-sectoral approach to understand the different dimensions of drought. The European Drought Observatory for Resilience and Adaptation (EDORA) project addresses the study of drought risk in a multi-system perspective in the European Union. The sectors and systems included in the assessment are agriculture, energy production, water supply, water transport and ecosystems. A proper collection and classification of past drought impact data is essential for risk assessment. To this end, we are developing a database of recorded impacts for each system, which can be fed by semi-automated media monitoring, official reports and manual data entries from potential observers. The collection and systematisation of sector specific impacts of drought aims at filling an important gap at the European scale.Drought risk is assessed in two complementary ways. Risk drivers, root causes of risk and cascading effects are identified and mapped through system-specific impact chains informed by a systematic literature review and expert consultation (including validation workshops). An integrated, cross-system model unveils the interconnections and complexity of drought risk. Also, a modelling tool to quantitatively assess drought risk  was developed for different systems and different regions using machine learning techniques. This data-driven technique uncovers the vulnerability-specific interactions between hazard and impact under present and projected climate conditions. The outcomes of the risk assessments are collected into an atlas showing European multisectoral drought risk at subnational level.
New advances in the mathematics for non-stationary signal processing in geophysics: a case study
Authors: Cicone Antonio , Wouters Sebastien , Papini Emanuele , Recchiuti Dario , Piersanti Mirko
Published: February 2023

Geophysical signals are, in general, strongly non-stationary. Classical techniques, like Fourier and wavelet transform, show their limits in producing insightful time-frequency representations. For this reason, in the last few years, several new methods have been presented in the literature. In this presentation, we review the IMFogram method (pronounced like "infogram") and its mathematical properties, showing its stability and robustness to noise and parameter tuning.

As a case study, we consider the Earth's electromagnetic measurements acquired by the CSES (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) program, and show how IMFogram, Spectrogram, Continuous Wavelet Transform, and Synchrosqueezing Transform compare when applied to the analysis of the Schumann resonances.

We conclude the presentation with open problems and future prospects in this research direction.
Anticipating the SIF-GPP linearity breakdown with machine learning - Implications on climate extremes and vegetation stress
Authors: Camps-Valls Gustau , Moreno-Martinez Alvaro , Martinez-Ferrer Laura , Muñoz-Marí Jordi , Campos-Taberner Manuel , Duveiller Gregory
Published: February 2023

Solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) allows us to estimate terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) at the global scale [1]. The relationship between SIF and GPP is linear at monthly scales, yet it varies in more complicated, nonlinear ways with environmental stresses, canopy structure, and different biomes. Identifying nonlinear regimes is paramount to characterizing vegetation status and health and disentangling environmental, climatic, and scale factors [2-5]. In this work, we propose a PAR-weighted [6] version of the recently proposed kernel NDVI (kNDVI) [7] to identify the nonlinear regimes and disentangle those complex relations. The kNDVI index generalizes the celebrated normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) to identify nonlinear relations; it can follow complex phenological cycles and improve the connection  between GPP and SIF at  different spatio-temporal scales [7]. Recently, the kNDVI has also been revealed to be very useful in estimating all kinds of vegetation traits and water fluxes [8]; leaf area index (LAI), gross primary productivity (GPP), leaf and canopy chlorophyll content, green and total LAI and the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR), as well as the estimation of latent heat at flux tower level. The kNDVI contains a parameter related to the ‘sensitivity’ to the canopy structure and photosynthetic activity at broader scales and is used here to identify stress and extreme climatic events in vegetation. Our study investigates the potential of such nonlinear yet practical parameterization of the GPP-SIF linearity to identify stress conditions, like droughts and heatwaves, and to disentangle the impact of environmental conditions.

 

References

 

[1] Guanter et al. 2013. https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1320008111

[2] Martini et al. 2021. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.17920

[3] Chen et al. 2021. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.15775

[4] Pierrat et al. 2022. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JG006588

[5] Dechant et al. 2022. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425721004831

[6] Zhou et al., 2020. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431161.2020.1763507

[7] Camps-Valls et al, 2021. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abc7447

[8] Wang et al, 2023. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924271622003343
Navigability of the Arctic northeast passage based on space-based observations and future scenarios
Authors: Huang Yan , Yu Zhitong , Hu Luojia , Ma Rong
Published: February 2023

The enhanced Arctic sea ice melting under global warming has improved the accessibility potential of the northeast passage (NP). However, the variations of navigability of this passage under the changing sea ice conditions remain unclear. Here, we investigated the past changes and future trends of sea ice conditions and navigability in the NP waters during the period from 2011 to 2050 based on the satellite-observed sea ice products and model simulations. The AMSR-E and AMSR-E2 ASI sea ice concentration and SMOS sea ice thickness datasets from 2011 to 2020, as well as the simulations during 2021 and 2050 provided by the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), were used to quantify the navigation risk of different type of vessels according to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) navigation risk assessment model. An optimal path algorithm was applied to determine the routes based on the navigation risks. The results showed the extended navigable periods and variations in the optimal paths under the future emission scenarios. This study could benefit the usage of satellite-observed sea ice products in the navigation aid of the vessels.
New steps toward estimating the driving and resistive forces on the Eurasian plate
Authors: Gutierrez Escobar Renato , Garcia Sancho Candela , Govers Rob
Published: February 2023

We aim to quantify the likely ranges of magnitudes and directions of forces that may explain present-day natural stresses within the Eurasian plate. We first focus on one of the driving forces, horizontal gravitational stresses (HGSs) resulting from lateral variations in gravitational potential energy, which are particularly relevant in the context of the Eurasian plate because there are no major slabs attached to it (i.e., no slab pull force). We show that different published models of lithospheric density including lateral variations in the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary result in significantly different HGSs. Other driving forces are mantle convective tractions including dynamic topography, and plate interaction tractions with bounding plates. Second, we include observed major faults into a 2D spherical cap elastic model of the Eurasian plate. We show results of forward FEM calculations based on the best model parameters of Warners et al. (2013) and compare them with observed stress directions. We propose different objective functions that quantify the (relative contributions to the) misfit of the modelled and observed stresses, fault slip directions, and magnitudes, the deviation of the net torque on the plate from zero, and the model representation error. Our study represents a stepping stone towards a Bayesian inference workflow to constrain the dynamics of the Eurasian plate of which we show preliminary results.Warners-Ruckstuhl, K. N., R. Govers, and R. Wortel, 2013, Tethyan collision forces and the stress field of the Eurasian Plate: Geophys. J. Int., v. 195, no. 1, p. 1–15, doi:10.1093/gji/ggt219.
Asian-Australian monsoon variations at orbital scales – insights from model simulations
Authors: Yan Mi , Liu Zhengyu , Liu Jian , Ning Liang , Wen Qin
Published: February 2023

The Asian-Australian monsoon system is mainly composed of East Asian monsoon, Australian monsoon and South Asian monsoon. The Australian monsoon and East Asian monsoon can form the East Asian-Australian monsoon system through the cross-equatorial flow over Maritime Continent and the atmospheric lateral coupling. On the other hand, the East Asian monsoon and the Australian monsoon can be relatively independent regional climate systems due to the difference of land-sea configuration and the influence of tropical ocean. Therefore, under different forcings, the evolutionary relationship between the two may be different on different time scales.

In this study, we investigated the evolutionary relationship between East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and Australian summer monsoon (AUSM) at orbital scales, utilizing a set of transient simulations over past 300,000 years conducted with NCAR-CCSM3. It is found that, the variations of EAWM and AUSM are significantly in-phase at obliquity scale. In the case of high obliquity, when the northern Hemisphere (NH) is winter/the southern Hemisphere (SH) is summer, the NH receives less insolation while the SH receives more, leading to both intensified EAWM and AUSM. Meanwhile, the cross-equatorial flow is also enhanced due to the strengthened hemispheric insolation gradient, which "consolidates" the positive relationship between EAWM and AUSM. Whereas at precession scale, EAWM and AUSM show out-of-phase relationship. Taking low precession for instance, when the summer solstice of the NH is located at perihelion, the insolation over NH and SH both decrease in boreal winter/southern summer, leading to strengthened EAWM. AUSM, however, is weakened due to the reduced insolation. This may be because the AUSM is mainly controlled by local insolation. That is, the reduction of local insolation directly leads to the weakening of the AUSM, and “cut off” the link between EAWM and AUSM.

The above results are based on the monsoon index defined by the wind field. We also notice that the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation and the Australian summer monsoon precipitation show significant out-of-phase relationship at precession scale, while in-phase relationship at obliquity scale, which could be well explained by the seasonal variation of insolation caused by the change of precession and obliquity.

The different relationship between EAWM and AUSM at precession and obliquity scales is robust in pure orbital run and three forcings run, which is forced by orbital parameters, greenhouse gases and icesheet.
Investigating the spatial and temporal variation of plants traits across flux sites using a trait-based dynamic vegetation model
Authors: Kumar Dushyant , Scheiter Simon , Langan Liam , Koirala Sujan , Pfeiffer Mirjam , Martens Carola , Weber Ulrich , Carvalhais Nuno
Published: February 2023

The study of plant trait variability is critical for understanding ecosystem dynamics and predicting the response of vegetation to varying climatic conditions. Understanding the factors controlling the spatial and temporal variability in vegetation traits is key for addressing the ecosystem responses and feedbacks to changes in climate. In this study, we used the adaptive dynamic global vegetation model version 2 (aDGVM2) to simulate the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of plant traits across a wide range in edapho-climatic conditions. For such, we select locations of existing different ecosystem types and where in situ meteorological and eddy covariance flux measurements are taken.We forced the aDGVM2 with FAO soil and flux site climate data, extended until 2020 and gap-filled with ERA5 data. To ensure that the simulated vegetation had sufficient time to adapt to prevailing local environmental conditions we conducted simulations for 500 years, split into a 400-year spin-up phase and a 100-year transient phase. For the spin-up phase, we randomly sampled years of the first 30 years of daily climate. Stochasticity in the selection-driven assembly of plant communities within the model can lead to multiple potential state; therefore, 10 replicate runs were conducted for each site with same model configuration.We examine the differences in the 25 simulated trait values across sites, replicates and time via an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analysis shows significant differences in trait values between sites, with some traits showing higher variability than others. In particular, we find that traits related to plant structural support (height, stem counts) were highly variable across sites, while traits related to resource acquisition (e.g., specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content) are more stable. These results provide important insights into the factors that influence trait variability in space, and will be valuable for predicting the response of terrestrial ecosystems to environmental change. Further understanding the factors driving trait variability is of essential value in the design of mitigation and adaptation strategies and guide conservation efforts in the face of a rapidly changing world.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Ganga River Basin Sediments, India
Authors: Kushwaha Stuti , janardhana raju nandimandalam , ramanthan alagappan , dhiman anushla
Published: February 2023

Ganga River is one of the largest Asian rivers on which millions of livelihoods and economic growth depend. However, due to enhanced anthropogenic activities in recent times, the river is susceptible to various contaminants including heavy metals. Most heavy metals (Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Mn) are vital components for the biological functioning of a living organism. However, short to long-term exposure to these metals can cause acute or chronic toxicity to aquatic ecosystems. These heavy metals could be sourced from natural as well as anthropogenic agents. Anthropogenic activities like agricultural runoff, sewage, and industrial runoff can potentially be sources of these metals. In this study, we have addressed the Spatio-temporal heavy metal pollution distribution along with its contributing sources in the Ganga River basin (26-bed sediment samples from Rishikesh to Bansberia). The post-monsoon concentrations are found to be low as compared to the monsoon season for Zn, Ni, and Co probably due to lesser erosional and accumulation activity in the riverbeds. Cr concentrations are high possibly due to agricultural activities and input coming from Yamuna and Chambal River confluence. However, Cu is possibly due to the confluence of the Yamuna and Ganga Rivers and human influence. The order of metals in the monsoon and the post-monsoon season is found similar i.e. Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Co. A positive correlation is found between Ni-Co, Ni-Cu, Ni-Cr, Cr-Co, Cr-Cu, and Co-Cu in monsoon season and between Ni-Co, Ni-Cr, Cr-Co, and Zn-Cu in post-monsoon season possibly due to their elution from common sources. Such a pattern is not uniform for each metal along the entire stretch of the study area in both seasons due to site-specific weathering and anthropogenic activities. Average concentrations of Ni, Cu, and Cr for both seasons are found to be exceeding the WHO/USEPA recommended values, showing the pollution of these heavy metals in the sediments.
Exploring the Sensitivity of Groundwater Stress Regimes to Water Resources Management Practices in the Ganga basin, India
Authors: Bhatnagar Ishita , Dhanya Chandrika Thulaseedharan , Franssen Harrie-Jan Hendricks , Chahar Bhagu Ram
Published: February 2023

In the light of global climate change and growing population, the demand for freshwater is projected to increase globally by 55% between 2000 and 2050.  However, the present situation of surface water and groundwater resources is grim in terms of both quality and quantity in major aquifers of the world, namely, the Ganga Basin (India), High Plains (USA), North China Plain (China), Canning Basin (Australia), and California Central Valley (USA). The reduced river discharge in critical regions has shifted the attention of stakeholders towards aquifers for water supply. Thus, the groundwater resources are facing compounding impacts of human-induced water stress and climate change. The current study explores the sensitivity of the groundwater-use regimes, namely, Natural Flow Dominated (NFD), Human Flow Dominated (HFD) and Human Withdrawal Dominated (HWD), and the associated stress levels to (a) various groundwater management strategies such as change in cropping patterns, reduction in irrigated area, reduction in irrigation application frequency, reuse of water, and (b) supply side strategies such as change in Land Use Land Cover to enhance recharge, and artificial recharge mechanisms. The present work involves conceptualisation of several groundwater management strategies and supply side strategies and running these scenarios over the Ganga Basin using a SWAT-MODFLOW model setup to simulate the impact on the groundwater system. This study helped to understand whether (i) the reduction in the pumping activity in a HWD Groundwater Regime would result in a shift in the regime type to NFD, and (ii) the positive human intervention in the form of optimum pumping would help in mitigating the adverse effects of changing precipitation and evapotranspiration characteristics. Moreover, the results of the present work also improve understanding of the conditions under which the regime shifts can occur and help answer questions such as (i) how and when would a NFD Regime with low groundwater stress level convert into a HFD Regime, (ii) will a HFD Regime convert into a NFD Regime if extraction is strongly reduced, and (iii) how can we achieve a low groundwater stress level? Thus, the present study provides a useful insight into the groundwater dynamics and its response to the existing management strategies.
Spatio-temporal monitoring of surface deformation of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in Düzce Region by InSAR technique
Authors: Zoroğlu Çağkan Serhun , Kaya Eken Tülay , Havazlı Emre , Özener Haluk
Published: February 2023

The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), that represents a transform plate boundary between the Anatolian and Eurasian plates, generated several devastating earthquakes in the 20th century. The well-known seismic sequence along the NAFZ has begun with the 1939 M7.9 Erzincan Earthquake and followed a westward migrating pattern until the 1999 M>7 Izmit-Düzce ruptures. Although there have been extensive efforts on modeling co-seismic slip properties of the recent large events along the NAFZ, possible interplay of crustal properties with fault mechanics and inter-seismic loading parameters characterized by surface deformation behavior is less known. This study aims to determine the spatio-temporal behavior of long-term surface deformation along the Düzce Fault segment of the NAFZ. We examine the effect of physical properties of the crustal structure on the inter-seismic loading and surface creep parameters in this actively deforming area. For this purpose, we adopted the well-known InSAR timeseries method using publicly available Sentinel-1 data. Sentinel-1 observations covering our study area has a time span of 8 years between 2014 and 2022. We exploit geoelectrical properties and other available seismological observations/models of the crust to be evaluated with the velocity fields inferred from InSAR time series analysis. We further compare variations in the surface deformation prior to and after the most recent November 23rd, 2022, Mw6.0 Gölyaka-Düzce earthquake by using data obtained from the analysis of both ascending and descending InSAR datasets. Our preliminary results show the slip rate of ~25 mm/yr on the Duzce Fault.
Carbon dioxide removal via macroalgae open-ocean mariculture and sinking: an Earth system modeling study
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Keller David P. , Oschlies Andreas
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In this study, we investigate the maximum physical and biogeochemical potential of macroalgae open-ocean mariculture and sinking (MOS) as an ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) method. Embedding a macroalgae model into an Earth system model, we simulate macroalgae mariculture in the open-ocean surface layer followed by fast sinking of the carbon-rich macroalgal biomass to the deep seafloor (depth>3000 m), which assumes no remineralization of the harvested biomass during the quick sinking. We also test the combination of MOS with artificial upwelling (AU), which fertilizes the macroalgae by pumping nutrient-rich deeper water to the surface. The simulations are done under RCP 4.5, a moderate-emissions pathway. When deployed globally between years 2020 and 2100, the carbon captured and exported by MOS is 270 PgC, which is further boosted by AU of 447 PgC. Because of feedbacks in the Earth system, the oceanic carbon inventory only increases by 171.8 PgC (283.9 PgC with AU) in the idealized simulations. More than half of this carbon remains in the ocean after cessation at year 2100 until year 3000.
The major side effect of MOS on pelagic ecosystems is the reduction of phytoplankton net primary production (PNPP) due to the competition for nutrients with macroalgae and due to canopy shading. MOS shrinks the mid-layer oxygen-minimum zones (OMZs) by reducing the organic matter export to, and remineralization in, subsurface and intermediate waters, while it creates new OMZs on the seafloor by oxygen consumption from remineralization of sunken biomass. MOS also impacts the global carbon cycle by reducing the atmospheric and terrestrial carbon reservoirs when enhancing the ocean carbon reservoir. MOS also enriches dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep ocean. Effects are mostly reversible after cessation of MOS, though recovery is not complete by year 3000. In a sensitivity experiment without remineralization of sunken MOS biomass, the whole of the MOS-captured carbon is permanently stored in the ocean, but the lack of remineralized nutrients causes a long-term nutrient decline in the surface layers and thus reduces PNPP.
Our results suggest that MOS has, theoretically, considerable CDR potential as an ocean-based CDR method. However, our simulations also suggest that such large-scale deployment of MOS would have substantial side effects on marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry, up to a reorganization of food webs over large parts of the ocean.
A mixed finite-element discretisation of the shallow-water equations
Authors: Kent James , Melvin Thomas , Wimmer Golo Albert
Published: February 2023

Abstract. This paper introduces a mixed finite-element shallow-water model on the sphere. The mixed finite-element approach is used as it has been shown to be both accurate and highly scalable for parallel architecture. Key features of the model are an iterated semi-implicit time-stepping scheme, a finite-volume transport scheme, and the cubed sphere grid. The model is tested on a number of standard spherical shallow-water test cases. Results show that the model produces similar results to other shallow-water models in the literature.
Black carbon concentrations and modeled smoke deposition fluxes to the bare ice dark zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Khan Alia Lauren , Xian Peng , Schwarz Joshua
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Ice-albedo feedbacks in the ablation region of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) are difficult to constrain and model due in part to our limited understanding of the seasonal evolution of the bare-ice region. To help fill observational gaps, 13 surface samples were collected on the GrIS across the 2014 summer melt season from patches of snow that were visibly light, medium, and dark colored. These samples were analyzed for their refractory black carbon (rBC) concentrations and size distributions with a Single Particle Soot Photometer coupled to a characterized nebulizer. We present a size distribution of rBC in fresh snow on the GrIS, as well as from surface hoar in the bare ice dark zone of the GrIS. The size distributions from the surface hoar samples appear unimodal, and were overall smaller than the fresh snow sample, with a peak around 0.3 µm. The fresh snow sample contained very large rBC particles that had a pronounced bimodality in peak size distributions, with peaks around 0.2 µm and 2 µm. rBC concentrations ranged from a minimum of 3 µg-rBC/L-H2O in light-colored patches at the beginning and end of the melt season, to a maximum of 32 µg-rBC/L-H2O in a dark patch in early August. On average, rBC concentrations were higher (20 µg-rBC/L-H2O ± 10 µg-rBC/L-H2O) in patches that were visibly dark compared to medium patches (7 µg-rBC/L-H2O ± 2 µg-rBC/L-H2O) and light patches (4 µg-rBC/L-H2O ± 1 µg-rBC/L-H2O), suggesting BC aggregation contributed to snow aging on the GrIS, and vice versa. Additionally, concentrations peaked in light and dark patches in early August, which is likely due to smoke transport from wildfires in Northern Canada and Alaska as supported by the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) reanalysis model. According to model output, 26 mg/m3 of biomass burning derived smoke was deposited between April 1st and August 30th, of which 85 % came from wet deposition and 67 % was deposited during our sample collection timeframe. The increase in rBC concentration and size distributions immediately after modelled smoke deposition fluxes suggest biomass burning smoke is a source of BC to the dark zone of the GRIS. Thus, role of BC in the seasonal evolution of the ice-albedo feedback should continue to be investigated in the bare-ice zone of the GrIS.
Exploring Family Conflict: Issues Social Workers Deal within Jimma City Woreda Court, Ethiopia
Authors: Neway Amaha , Mohammed Abdulhakim , Gobosho Tadesse
Published: February 2023

The goal of this study was to look into family conflict and the issues that social workers in Jimma City’s woreda court deal with. The qualitative research approach with case study design was utilized to answer the research question and satisfy the study objective. To acquire relevant data, key informant and in-depth interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Throughout the research procedure, research ethics such as informed permission, anonymity, dignity, privacy, and confidentiality were rigorously maintained. Family conflict issues dealt with by social workers in Jimma city woreda court include divorce, property disputes, and child abuse. According to the findings, the presence of social workers in the courtroom aided the trial process on the one hand and advocated for victims’ rights on the other. As a result of the study, the court personnel were advised to pay special attention to social workers and their profession.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Aspects of The Adversarial System of Pakistan: Fact Finding Through Evidence
Authors: Bakhsh Faiz , Ejaz Naveed , Khattak Fakharuddin , Jamshed Jibran
Published: February 2023

Due to its foundations in the English and Magna Carta legal systems, Pakistan's legal system is fundamentally adversarial. The dominant idea that runs through Pakistani law is the adversarial paradigm. For the purpose of establishing facts, this method primarily relies on numerous types of evidence. However, the disadvantages of Pakistan's adversarial system to its sociopolitical and religious-economic environment outweigh its advantages. This paper explores Pakistan's adversarial judicial system in terms of its extrinsic and inherent characteristics, as well as its advantages and disadvantages for the country's legal system. This study discusses the adversarial legal system of Pakistan the extrinsic and intrinsic components of an adversarial system by in the light of constraints and benefits to the Pakistani legal system. The fact finding with the help of evidence and extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of the adversarial system of Pakistan are discussed in this study. There lacks an effective legal framework as well non enforcement of existing laws without proper checks and balances on the concerned departments and offices. There is a dire need to reform and update the existing legal framework in line with the modern world systems.
Relationship of Mobilization With Fecal Impact Events In Post Laparatomy Patients
Authors: Hamdani Dadi , Fauzia Fuzti
Published: February 2023

Introduction:  In postoperative patients, a patient requires maximum care to support the postoperative wound healing process for healing the patient's healing. The goals of patient care after laparotomy surgery include: Reducing surgical complications, accelerating healing, restoring patient functions as before surgery, maintaining patient self-concept, and preparing patients to go home, this is what makes postoperative patients require maximum care. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between mobilization and the incidence of fecal impaction in post-laparotomy patients. Method: the method used observational research, the population of this study was all post-laparotomy patients in the Wijaya Kusuma BLUD RSU Banjar City from July-August 2014 as many as 33 people using the consecutive sampling technique.  Result: The results of statistical tests using the Chi-Square Test obtained a value of 0.000. So, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between mobilization and the incidence of fecal impaction in post-laparotomy patients. Conclusion: There is a relationship between mobilization and the incidence of impacted feces in postoperative patients, and we hope that future researchers can develop broader research with the latest knowledge and more respondents and use experimental methods
Influence of the Four Pillars of Diabetes Mellitus Control on Complications in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Waluyo Endrian Mulyadi Justitia , Hidayat Diki Arif , Supriadi Dedi , Firmansyah Andan , El Haque Iif Taufiq
Published: February 2023

There needs to be an effort in the management of Diabetes mellitus to keep blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible to prevent complications. Diabetes mellitus control can be done through four pillars, namely education, medical nutrition therapy, physical exercise, and pharmacological intervention. According to data from the District Health Office. Ciamis in 2019 there were 305 people suffering from diabetes mellitus in Kawali sub-district. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the four pillars of diabetes mellitus control on the incidence of complications in people with diabetes mellitus in Kawali sub-district, Ciamis district. This research is a descriptive-analytic study using a cross-sectional approach. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling method as many as 30 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that 83% of respondents had a good level of education, 60% had appropriate medical nutrition therapy settings, 60% did not do physical exercise, and 66.7% adhered to pharmacological interventions. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between the pillars of education, medical nutrition therapy, and pharmacological intervention with the incidence of complications in people with diabetes mellitus in Kawali sub-district, Ciamis district. There is no relationship between physical exercise and the incidence of complications in people with diabetes mellitus in Kawali sub-district, Ciamis district
Factors Affecting the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Score in Nursing Students at STIKes Muhammadiyah Ciamis
Authors: Hidayat Nur , Suhanda Suhanda , Nurapandi Adi , Dewi Rena Lestia
Published: February 2023

Poor sleep quality is a factor in many medical ailments and there is a strong relationship between physical and psychological health. Sleep is a state in which the brain does not process information from sensory neurons and does not give commands to motor neurons. A person's sleep quality can be determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) method. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that influence the value of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for undergraduate nursing students at STIKes Muhammadiyah Ciamis. The research method used is cross-sectional. The total population is 359 students of STIKes Muhammadiyah Ciamis Nursing Study Program with a research sample of 77 people. The sampling method used the Proportional Random Sampling technique. The results showed that 61 respondents had poor sleep quality, 26 respondents experienced severe stress, 58 respondents experienced a high level of gadget dependence, 48 respondents were in the no smoking category, and 48 people were in the no caffeine consumption category. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the description of sleep patterns in STIKes Muhammadiyah Ciamis Nursing study program students is still dominated by poor sleep quality, so they need to pay attention to improve their sleep quality as an effort to prevent various diseases, improve individual health, and maximize focus and attention. concentration
Relationship Of Nurse’s Caring Behavior With Level Of Patient Satisfaction In The Inpatient Room: Literature Review
Authors: Firmansyah Andan , Marliany Heni , Dayanti Sani
Published: February 2023

Nurse care behavior is one of the important aspects in fulfilling patient satisfaction, care covers human relationships that are one of the quality indicators of home service It hurts. No. rarely conflict between nurses and patients as a result of the lack of care given to patients so that disappointment and discontent and low trust Patient. Level. Satisfaction is a function of the difference between performance felt with hope. The aim of this literature review is to identify and describe research that investigates the relationship between caregiver behavior and patient satisfaction in the living room. The method used in writing this article is literature review with searches sourced from an electronic data base including Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Garuda portal with the keywords nurse caring behavior and patient satisfaction. Researchers only selected articles published in the period 2015-2020 with 15 related journals. The data obtained were analyzed, arranged systematically, compared with each other and discussed related literature. The results of the literature review showed that there was a relationship between nurses' caring behavior and the level of patient satisfaction in the inpatient room.
Relationship Between Diet And Type 2 Diabetes Militus at Dr. Mamik Clinic
Authors: Supriadi Dedi , Kurniawan Rudi , Nisa Siva Khoerun , Setiawan Henri , Hamdani Dadi
Published: February 2023

Diabetes Mellitus is now a serious threat to humans in the world. One of the factors that cause Diabetes Mellitus is diet. Diabetes Mellitus is a degenerative disease that is closely related to diet. Improper dietary regulation as recommended by 3J (Schedule, Amount, and Type) can result in an increase in blood sugar levels Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between Diet and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at dr. Mamik in 2020. The research method used is a quantitative analysis using a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all patients who went to dr. Mamik in May 2020 as many as 142 people. Samples were taken using the quota sampling technique of as many as 59 people. The results of the study show an overview of the diet of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the dr. Mamik, most of whom were in the bad category as many as 40 people (67.8%), a description of the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus at the dr. Mamik, the highest frequency was in the category of Type 2 DM as many as 37 people (62.7%) and there was a significant relationship between diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus at Dr. Mamik Clinic because the value of alpha  > value. Conclusion: there is a relationship between diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Ефективність технічних засобів інформування пасажирів повітряних суден при надзвичайних ситуаціях
Authors: Rudakov Serhii , Myrgorod (Mirgorod) Oksana , Petukhova Olena , Kulakov Oleg
Published: February 2023

Запропоновано експертний метод дослідження ефективності комплексу технічних засобів інформування пасажирських літаків при виникненні надзвичайної ситуації в умовах висотного польоту. Вдосконалена узагальнена модель ефективності застосування індивідуальних та колективних технічних засобів інформування пасажирів та членів екіпажу при виникненні надзвичайної ситуації, яка описана відповідними ознаками, склад яких визначає група експертів – висококваліфікованих фахівців в авіаційній галузі. Визначення таких ознак для об’єкта вибору експертним методом вирішує завдання знаходження вагомих коефіцієнтів шляхом ранжування відповідних коефіцієнтів та їх порівняння між собою. Проведено оцінку ефективності комплексу науково обґрунтованих технічних рішень інформування пасажирів авіаційних суден при виникненні надзвичайної ситуації. Така оцінка здійснювалась висококваліфікованими експертами у галузі авіаційних перевезень. Результати експертних рішень оброблялись із використанням математичних методів. Результати досліджень отримані за допомогою інструментальних вимірювань, для яких встановлені стандартизовані методики обробки результатів вимірювання. Результати колективної експертизи ефективності використання технічних засобів інформування пасажирів були отримані за допомогою методу ранжування вагомих коефіцієнтів кількісної шкали оцінювання. Результати досліджень були отримані за допомогою розрахунку кількі-сних оцінок значимості вихідної інформації, яка відповідає поєднанню джерел аргументації з урахуванням їх впливу на думку експерта. Також були запропоновані кількісні значення кваліфікаційних оцінок, які відповідають різним ступеням проінформованості експерта. Наведені результати експертного опитування групи спеціалістів у галузі авіаційної безпеки щодо ефективності використання технічних засобів індивідуального та колективного інформування пасажирів повітряних суден в надзвичайних ситуаціях висотного польоту. Це дозволило визначити ефективність та пріоритетність застосування даних технічних засобів при виникненні надзвичайної ситуації та зберегти життя багатьом пасажирам повітряних суден.
Study of water resistance of silica protective coatings based on liquid glass
Authors: Skorodumova Olga , Tarakhno Olena , Chebotareva Olena , Harbuz Serhii , Radchenko Hanna
Published: February 2023

The water resistance of cotton textile materials impregnated with SiO2 sols obtained on the basis of liquid glass was studied. Experimental coatings on fabrics were prepared by the bath method. After applying each coating layer and removing excess ash, the experimental samples were dried at (60–80) ºС. Fabric samples impregnated with sol SiO2 were immersed in containers with distilled water maintaining the same sample/water ratio. The fire-retardant properties of the coatings were determined after standing in water for 2–72 hours. The degree of destruction of coatings during hydrolysis was studied by determining the optical density of the hydrolyzate above the surface of the samples using the spectrophotometric (KFK-2) method. Fire-resistant properties were determined at a laboratory installation for fire tests. Under the influence of water, partial hydration of the surface of the silica coating occurs, which does not lead to its destruction. The presence of a layer of adsorbed water molecules on the surface of the coating is the reason for an additional increase in the fire-retardant properties of the samples. It is shown that the degree of homogeneity of the SiO2 sol affects the resistance to hydrolysis of the gel coatings. Low-concentration SiO2 sols (8 %), which are characterized by high fluidity and have a long service life, have a predominant effect. The long-term effect of water provides an increase in the fire-retardant properties of impregnated samples in comparison with non-impregnated fabric samples. The concentration and degree of homogeneity of the SiO2 sol have a predominant effect on the flame retardant properties. The surface layer of flame-retardants prevents the final burning and smoldering of the samples after removing the fire source, but does not significantly affect values of flame-retardant properties.
Вплив фільтрувальних респіраторів на розбірливість мовлення
Authors: Cheberiachko Sergey , Cheberiachko Yuriy , Radchuk Dmitry , Deryugin Oleg , Sharovatova Olena , Lutsenko Tatiana
Published: February 2023

Визначено особливості погіршення розбірливості слів промовця, що перебуває у фільтрувальному респіраторі, під час спілкування через мобільний телефон. Для дослідження були використані три моделі фільтрувальних респіраторів другого класу захисту «Стандарт», «Респі», «IMASK», що серійно випускаються компанією НВП «Стандарт» з фільтрувального матеріалу елефлен. Встановлено, що у представлених моделей фільтрувальних респіраторів вплив на процес мовлення є незначним і коливається у межах статистичної похибки від 2 % до 11 %, що залежить від щільності фільтрувальних шарів матеріалів та ступеня прилягання півмаски фільтрувального респіратору до обличчя користувача, що може погіршувати міміку м’язів обличчя. З’ясовано, що зі збільшенням гучності промови слів їх розбірливість зростає, але на 70 дБ дестабілізується і майже не змінюється. Встановлено, що під час уповільнення темпу промови слів у два рази розбірливість мови у досліджуваних моделях фільтрувальних респіраторів покращується до 5 %. Загалом, використання фільтрувальних респіраторів погіршує розбірливість слів до 10 % при гучності промови 65–68 дБ і темпу мови 100–110 слів/хв., на що можуть впливати характеристики фільтрувального матеріалу. Однак, отриманий результат можна покращити, збільшуючи гучність і зменшуючи темп мовлення. Доведено, що найбільше на розбірливість слів впливає кількість фільтрувальних шарів, щільність фільтрувального матеріалу і ступінь прилягання фільтрувального респіратора до обличчя користувача. Найкращий результат показав фільтрувальний респіратор «Стандарт», оскільки за відгуками випробувачів він не стримував міміку обличчя. Запропоновані відповідні рекомендації для покращення розбірливості мови, навіть у випадках наявності додаткового фонового шуму, при спілкуванні у фільтрувальному респіраторі через мобільний телефон.
Метод експериментального визначення параметрів просочення рідини в ґрунт
Authors: Basmanov Oleksii , Oliinik Volodymyr , Mykhailovska Yuliia
Published: February 2023

Об’єктом дослідження є процес просочення рідини в сипучий матеріал. Побудовано математичну модель для визначення параметрів просочення рідини в ґрунт: коефіцієнта пористості ґрунту, коефіцієнта гідравлічної провідності і показника капілярності. Припускається, що процес просочення рідини в ґрунт описується моделлю Грін-Ампт, особливістю якої є уявлення про чітку межу між вже змоченим і ще сухим ґрунтом. Основна ідея методу полягає в тому, щоб визначити параметри просочення таким чином, щоб розрахункове значення глибини просочення якнайменше відрізнялося від експериментально отриманих значень. Наведено метод оцінки параметрів моделі просочення рідини вглиб ґрунту. Спочатку проводиться відеофіксація процесу просочення рідини в зразок ґрунту, насипаного в скляний мірний циліндр. Далі на основі аналізу відеозапису вимірюється глибина просочення рідини в певні моменти часу. Оцінка коефіцієнта пористості знаходиться безпосередньо із отриманих експериментальних даних, а для оцінки значень коефіцієнта гідравлічної провідності і показника капілярності побудовано і розв’язано задачу мінімізації. В якості критерію вибору значень параметрів використано мінімум суми квадратів відхилень експериментально визначених глибин просочення від розрахункових. Розв’язання задачі мінімізації проводиться методом градієнтного спуску. При цьому значення частинних похідних апроксимовані їх виразами у скінчених різницях. В якості прикладу використання наведеного методу було проведено оцінку параметрів просочення сирої нафти в пісок. Порівняння розрахованої глибини просочення з експериментально визначеною свідчить про задовільну збіжність результатів. Запропонований метод визначення параметрів просочення може бути використаний при практичному застосування моделі розтікання і просочення рідини на ґрунті.