bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How technology shapes us : Getting the best from technology and the human brain in the changing world of CRE
Authors: Kerr Fiona
Published: July 2024

We live in a time where all aspects of our lives are increasingly driven and shaped by technology, and nowhere is this more apparent than in our professions and workplaces. In the CRE world, as in others, technology changes the way people communicate, collaborate and innovate through enhanced connectivity, flexibility, data collection/use and reach. In this sector more than many, however, technology can also lessen these things if not used appropriately and create unanticipated new problems. It also further blurs the boundaries between work and home life, affecting the way people relax, sleep and interact with their partners and family. Technology is neutral! So how can you use and manage it to ensure that you and others are equipped to deal with technologisation of such things as service delivery, marketing, speed and transparency of data, mobile work, smart buildings/cities and virtuality (collaboration, selling)? What should the CEO or manager consider when choosing technologies to improve productivity and aid communication in the workplace? And what about clients? CRE is, and will remain, a people business, so how can technology assist in balancing the conflicting client demands of wanting instant data, good quality information and personal service, and when is face-to-face and/or direct communication the best solution? To help answer these questions, this paper explores how people shape each other, how technology shapes us, how technologisation has changed the CRE sector and client expectations, and ways in which the CRE professional can add value now.
Ethical dilemmas presented by convergent volunteers during emergency response
Authors: Sigman Ronald K.
Published: July 2024

This paper addresses the phenomenon of convergence as it applies to disaster management and helps to explain why non-affiliated volunteers respond to disasters. The paper will illustrate how ‘convergent’ volunteers can present ethical conflicts and management concerns to emergency managers during a critical incident and how convergent volunteers can be managed through the development of a comprehensive volunteer management plan.
Evacuation decision-making : Building a model to account for risk-taking preference
Authors: Fournier Celeste , Campbell Gerald
Published: July 2024

One of the most stressful decisions a coastal emergency manager may face is the decision to order a large-scale evacuation for a hurricane. Even in a best-case scenario, evacuations are not a panacea. They are unpopular, expensive, disruptive and highly vulnerable to their own hazards. These issues become even more daunting when exacerbated by high populations in vulnerable areas, limited evacuation routes and a lack of nearby shelter space, which combine to create extremely long evacuation clearance times. Add forecast errors and uncertainty to these and one begins to understand the complexity of the decision-making process. These were the challenges faced by the authors as they tried to define and document the evacuation decision-making process in Lee County in Southwest Florida.
Central bank digital currencies: From design to issuance and distribution — A case study of China’s sovereign digital currency
Authors: Gong Hui , Thapar Harry , Thapar Ann
Published: July 2024

There has been an increasing volume of research and discussion on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) over the last four to five years, but no central bank of a sovereign country has been able to launch its national digital currency on a large scale. This paper uses China’s national digital currency (digital currency electronic payment, DCEP) as a case study to explore the growing pains of launching a new digital currency. Our findings reveal that central banks need to design CBDCs with an eye to not only technological innovations but also business values and priorities that underpin monetary policies and operations of their country, together with effective circulation of money flows in the economy. This paper proposes three innovations: first, it shows the difference between digital wallets and bank accounts and sets different real-name authentication requirements for the respective users. Second, it suggests replacing the existing ‘know your customer’ with a ‘know your coin’, thus protecting user privacy and commercial viability while satisfying the Anti-Money Laundering/Combatting the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) requirements. Third, a 1+M+N operating mechanism is recommended to substitute DCEP’s existing two-tier operating mechanism, and the justification is provided.
The Kaiser Permanente Northern California COVID-19 physician redeployment experience: Redeploying physicians to meet the demands of the pandemic
Authors: Meyer Mary C. , Elliott Martin , Fitzgerald Suzy , Dlott Richard , Reyes Vivian
Published: July 2024

This paper describes a redeployment programme developed by Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KP NCAL) to meet physician staffing needs during five COVID-19 surges in Northern California. By leveraging two existing programmes, creating a flexible system of redeployment levels, and supporting the system with a robust training programme, the physician redeployment programme effectively addressed physician staffing needs, maximised excellent patient care, and supported KP NCAL physicians during the pandemic. The programme delivered care to over 131,000 outpatients with COVID-19 infection and redeployed physicians into more than 800 inpatient shifts.
Considerations in artificial intelligence-based marketing: An ethical perspective
Authors: Sharma Animesh Kumar , Sharma Rahul
Published: July 2024

The growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in marketing poses several ethical concerns. Marketers must ensure the secure and productive application of customer data when using artificial intelligence. Moreover, despite its supposed impartiality, they must acknowledge the probability of partiality within AI. To ensure ethical practice, engineers and marketers should take measures such as respecting consumer privacy, verifying data accuracy and preventing algorithmic bias. Numerous kinds of research have demonstrated biases in facial recognition applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning. This has sparked intense study into the subject of fairness in machine learning and to promote algorithms some toolkits have been created to reduce biases and understand black box models. This study addresses ethical issues in the application of artificial intelligence in marketing and provides an overview of fairness concepts, methodologies and tools as they apply to marketing activities.
Statistical analysis of relationships of US organisations’ size, popularity, age and location to frequency of data breaches
Authors: Alqahtani Ohud Saud , Chen Zhiyuan
Published: July 2024

Given the widespread occurrence of data breaches, it is useful for consumers to learn which factors of an organisation, for example, size, popularity or location, will contribute to increased data breach risks. Existing work on risk assessment requires detailed internal information of an information system, which is not available to the public. Furthermore, organisations typically do not want results of such analysis of their IT systems to be made public. This paper conducts comprehensive statistical analyses of the relationships between publicly available information to frequency of data breaches. The publicly available information includes size-related characteristics such as revenue, number of employees, population served and enrolment, popularity-related characteristics such as number of Google Search results, age of the organisation and location of the organisation. We used Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlation analysis methods to test whether these characteristics are indicators for frequent data breaches for different types of US organisations. We also used linear regression to predict the frequency of data breaches. The results verified that many of these indicators have significant correlation to organisations’ frequency of data breaches. The result of this paper can help consumers make more informed decisions with respect to risks of data breaches.
How to grow fans, create relevant content and increase engagement on Facebook: Case study of JUST EAT
Authors: Tucker Tess
Published: July 2024

With over 25,000 restaurants in its network, JUST EAT is one of the world’s largest online takeaway ordering sites. Due to its young customer base and fun brand personality, the company has found social media to be an effective route for bringing the brand to life, engaging with existing customers and acquiring new customers. For example, the 900,000 fans of JUST EAT’s Facebook page have been grown through a mixture of paid advertising and stimulated organic growth such as Facebook competitions. JUST EAT takes an entertainment-focused approach to social content, ensuring the content is aligned with the brand strategy yet reactive to customer feedback. Keeping up with Facebook changes can be a challenge for any marketer. JUST EAT has found that mixing up types of posts can help stay ahead of the algorithm changes as they happen.
Three principles to guide CMOs for success in a changing marketplace
Authors: Linton Mike
Published: July 2024

This paper examines why the challenges facing today’s marketing leaders are especially daunting and how their role is evolving under pressure from multiplying marketing channels and technologies, fragmented audiences and an ever-increasing demand for content. The CMO has always been an essential change agent for a business, serving as the bridge that connects the company, the customer and the relevant marketing tools. But in order to meet expectations for both greater return on investment (ROI) and more creative storytelling, the author suggests marketing leaders draw on three tried and true marketing principles, updated for the demands of today’s business environment.
A review of COVID-19: Implications for Canadian cities to enhance well-being and resilience
Authors: Macneil Patricia , Jugdev Kam , Khare Anshuman
Published: July 2024

Among the many detrimental impacts of COVID-19 is diminished well-being. The dimensions of well-being extend beyond a person or household because well-being also pertains to interconnections with society. Canadian cities have been especially hard hit by the pandemic and sustained the brunt of the fallout, but they will recover. The pandemic has heightened awareness of the need for improved urban planning and design for citizen well-being. This paper presents a scoping literature review (2020–1) to portray the impacts and learnings of COVID-19 on cities. The review discusses the impacts the pandemic has had on health and well-being and highlights, for example, the unique vulnerabilities of younger age groups. The findings from the literature review discuss how cities, centres of growth and vibrancy, can improve well-being and resilience. The areas of improvement are categorised in terms of buildings, transport and mobility, green spaces and open areas, and new and expanded digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). Then, the recommendations outline proactive governance strategies such as making well-being a strategic priority, meaningful and inclusive citizen engagement and multisectoral collaboration, agile governance and leveraging best practices. The innovations and responsive approaches demonstrated by cities during the pandemic can be redeployed post-pandemic via partnerships to develop sustainable and resilient recovery plans.
Using central bank digital currencies across borders: Lessons from practical experiments
Authors: Bech Morten , Boar Codruta , Eidan Daniel , Haene Philipp , Holden Henry , Toh Wee Kee
Published: July 2024

Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) could help to deliver better cross-border payments. With projects InthanonLionRock2, Jura, Dunbar and mBridge, the BIS Innovation Hub has been leading practical experiments to show how CBDCs could make cross-border payments faster, cheaper and more transparent. This paper looks at similarities and differences across these four cross-border CBDC experiments with a view to setting out the insights and lessons learned. These experiments demonstrate that platforms with two or more CBDCs are technically feasible and could lower costs, make settlement faster and increase operational transparency. Nevertheless, policy, legal, governance and advanced feasibility questions remain. Work will continue with future phases of the experimentation.
Damp, its causes and the implication in leasehold property
Authors: Hollis Malcolm
Published: July 2024

There is a wide variety of methods of resolving damp within buildings that seems to vary between opening a window to installing vertical and horizontal membranes together with replacing wall plaster that has been damaged by the water penetration. How successful each of these various methods have been is not easy to establish. To gather evidence, the judgments of the Court of Appeal in landlord and tenant cases does reveal what did not work and sometimes why. Not every type of damp-proof treatment has been shown to have been tested. The repairing method selected is often set out in the calculation of damages. In order to catalogue the evidence presented to the various courts, the dampness has been divided into three groups: that caused by condensation, that resulting from ground water, and squeezing in a case where the external cladding had failed. The remedy to the damp entry varies from knocking the building down and starting again, replacing the wall plaster and the damp course, to expecting better management of the conditions to reduce their effect upon the property. Each judgment has been made in reliance upon expert evidence put before the court. In some cases it can be seen that incorrect evidence has misled a judge and the outcome is flawed. ‘Our adversarial system depends heavily on the independence of expert witnesses, on the primacy of their duty to the court over any other loyalty or obligation, and on the rigour with which experts make known any associations or loyalties which might give rise to a conflict.’
Comparative analysis of multiple-guarantor agreements
Authors: Soumaré Issouf , Youbissi Fabien , Gendron Michel
Published: July 2024

Co-guarantor agreements are compared with independent-guarantor agreements. With co-guarantor agreements, the guarantor is more strongly affected by changes to project assets or to guarantor assets. These agreements seem more advantageous to creditors because of the diversification effect, ie each guarantor must consider not only its own ability to repay the loan but also the repayment capacity of other guarantors and the borrower. With both types of agreement, loan pricing is mainly determined by the risk inherent in project assets or guarantor assets, much more so than by similarity in asset characteristics among guarantors or by similarity in asset characteristics between guarantors and projects.
A system for selecting a project delivery method in US airports
Authors: Touran Ali , Molenaar Keith R. , Gransberg Douglas D.
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the most common project delivery methods used for airport capital projects and presents a methodology for selecting the most appropriate delivery method for a given set of conditions. The selection system considers the traditional design-bid-build, construction manager-at-risk, and design-build delivery methods. A set of 19 pertinent issues are identified and described that can affect the choice of project delivery method. The paper briefly explains the distinguishing features of airport projects and combines previous research and the results of extensive interviews with nine US airports to develop a new decision support system. The developed system consists of two distinct but related tiers. The first tier is a qualitative assessment where the decision maker evaluates the effectiveness of each delivery method in dealing with the relevant pertinent issues. This tier will assist agencies in determining if there is a dominant or obvious choice of project delivery method. If at the end of this stage a clear choice is not evident, the user will move to the second tier where a weighted matrix is used to score competing alternatives. The system will also provide a structure for documenting the project delivery decision in the form of a project delivery decision report. The proposed system is designed with the objective of developing a simple yet powerful selection mechanism for a decision that will affect project cost, schedule and quality during the project life cycle. The intended audience is airport owners and their consultants.
How behavioural science can improve influencer marketing campaigns
Authors: Gray Alan
Published: July 2024

Businesses are set to invest unprecedented sums in influencer marketing, but the problem of which influencers to select remains front and centre. Successful influencer marketing relies on the strength of the relationship between the viewer and the influencer. Behavioural science can provide insight into how these relationships are developed and maintained, and marketers can apply this knowledge to appreciate better which influencers to select and how to run their campaigns. This paper draws on the psychological literature of relationship development to suggest two key ways influencers can drive trust to achieve high performance. The paper stresses the importance of contextual factors when deploying each driver of influence and provides examples of how behavioural science may be used to conduct campaigns that deliver a positive return on investment.
A/B testing: The importance of significance and test duration
Authors: Langmann Sabine
Published: July 2024

This paper demonstrates that various psychological patterns and a lack of knowledge of basic statistical principles can lead to erroneous interpretations of A/B tests. It explains the statistics behind testing with emphasis on the pitfalls to be avoided. Readers will gain an understanding of the importance of significance in A/B testing, but also learn that a significant test is no guarantee of a universally valid outcome. For reliable results, experimenters must also select a representative time frame. Finally, the paper discusses methods to create a healthy testing culture.
Portfolio management with semi-parametric bootstrapping
Authors: Mendes Beatriz Vaz De Melo , Leal Ricardo Pereira Câmara
Published: July 2024

Estimation risk is an important topic within the area of risk management. Uncertainties regarding parameter estimates carry on to the final statistical product, such as investment strategies, and need to be estimated and accounted for. Unless the exact expressions for the estimators’ variances are known, the product’s variability will be assessed through bootstrap techniques. The present paper addresses this issue, proposing a semi-parametric bootstrap method for reproducing the data, a method which parametrically takes care of all marginal characteristics of the returns data, and also takes care of the dependence structure existing in the data, in a very simple and clever non-parametric way. The technique is applied to the problem of assessing the variability of the Markowitz-efficient frontier. Simulation experiments are conducted to assess the out-of-sample forecasting usefulness of the semi-parametric bootstrap methodology.
How will today’s workforce change the geographical footprint of tomorrow ’s workspace? The ‘Hub and Spoke’ model: Case studies
Authors: Rankin James
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 has forced companies to introduce remote working practices at a wholescale level, a trend that had slowly been increasing over the last decade. Both positives and negatives have emerged as we all wrestle with the implications of removing the office from our daily routine. For the majority of the workforce, the lack of a long commute has been a huge benefit to the employee from a cost and time perspective, but is that reason enough to envisage a radically altered office experience? As companies look at new workplace strategies that allow them to retain the best staff, we anticipate a period of test, measure, learn and adapt from the majority of progressive corporate real estate (CRE) teams. They have to balance the need to retain their corporate culture and identity, imbue a sense direction and a positive sense of collaboration while hybrid working experiments are carried out. One solution that many clients and contacts have referred to within their testing strategy is the dispersed portfolio model, or ‘Hub and Spoke’. The Instant Group and its partners in the project, Hickey & Associates, explored the impact of a people-focused, agile disaggregated portfolio. The aim was to understand what benefits could exist to both the employee and employer by adopting such a strategy and what factors should be considered by a company looking to test such a model. The findings showed the types of location that appear highly suited to satellite offices, alongside the benefits from a cost perspective the employer could expect to see. Surprisingly, large time savings can also be achieved by employees on an annual basis; it is not uncommon for those used to commuting an hour and a half a day to save over 35 standard working days a year. While these outcomes are positive, difficulties do exist — not only from a business perspective in ensuring senior stakeholders are spread across the portfolio, but also from a purely real estate perspective. In many of the locations highlighted, supply of quality office stock is limited, and future developments are far less prevalent than in major cities. This suggests that while the methodology stacks up on paper, there will be practical challenges for businesses that are slower to react, unless we see a major change in commercial real estate investment and development.
The new wave of Enterprise Zones
Authors: Cox Philip
Published: July 2024

Besides the government’s clear commitment to reducing the deficit and national debt, there is also recognition that government has a role to play in enabling the private sector to flourish, and the economy to grow. The ‘Plan for Growth’ set out reforms aimed at breaking down barriers to enterprise, and the DCLG’s part in the growth agenda focuses on activities to all of which the introduction of Enterprise Zones (EZs) contributes. The government is very aware of the lessons learned from the EZs introduced in the 1980s and 1990s, which in some cases were expensive and created only a short-term boom. Today’s zones will concentrate on stimulating areas where there is strong potential for new jobs to be delivered quickly. The decision as to the location of the zones rests with Local Enterprise Partnerships — groups of business and civic leaders tasked with creating the right conditions for growth — which have been given a great deal of freedom in selecting EZ sites. Some areas have agreed two or more smaller sites, or are looking at a town centre location, focusing their EZs on specific sectors with good growth potential. To the first wave of 11 EZs allocated in the Budget of 2011, 11 more have now been allocated by competition. This generation of EZs will build on their economic potential to deliver growth and contribute to a flourishing economy.
Digital responsibility redefined in Denmark
Authors: Hennelund Mads
Published: July 2024

Denmark is venturing into new unexplored digital territory with eight political initiatives on data ethics that receive both industry and consumer support. One initiative requires large companies to include a statement about the company’s data ethics policy in the annual report. Another is the establishment of a data ethics label to increase transparency about a company’s data ethical standards. This paper explores these initiatives in depth and discusses the consequences. Danish companies might be able to establish higher levels of trust with customers, but with a primarily negative discourse surrounding the topic of data ethics and digital responsibility, this paper also discusses the possibility that high standards on digital responsibility may compromise the potential for further value creation and innovation through more data usage, safely and responsibly. Drawing on schools of philosophy as well as technological development, this paper proposes a framework for evaluating data ethics and privacy, not only in terms of things that happen that we do not like, but also regarding things that are not happening yet, but which ought to be, perhaps. Furthermore, the paper proposes the need for industry specific data ethical themes, and proposes five generic themes that should be used as a starting point for assessing data ethics and digital responsibility across industries.
Influencer marketing: How to run successful and authentic video campaigns with creators
Authors: Peres Louise
Published: July 2024

This article presents Amino Apps’ approach to influencer marketing, sharing its strategy on working with independent content creators on paid YouTube collaborations. The paper describes YouTube’s power as a marketing and community platform and highlights the benefits of betting on creators’ endorsements versus traditional, scripted advertising. Finally, it showcases Amino’s six best practices for creating effective video campaigns with influencers. These best practices can help businesses, both large and small, achieve a number of marketing objectives — from brand awareness and increasing sales to user acquisition and retention.
Rebooting healthcare information technology downtime management
Authors: Bulson Julie , Van Dyke Mark , Skibinski Nicole
Published: July 2024

Healthcare, like many other industries, has become reliant on technology to manage daily operations. Often, technology downtimes are managed within the information technology departments to ensure the technical staff can return the hardware or software to the end users as quickly as possible. However, if managed strictly through IT departments, such incidents lack critical communication components and an understanding of the impact on end users. This paper argues that such technological incidents need to be managed not just rapidly but also in conjunction with the emergency preparedness department. It presents the example of a healthcare system from the US Midwest where the IT department has worked closely with the emergency preparedness department to design a major incident management system that closely resembles the hospital incident command structure. The development and implementation of this process has improved several metrics, including time to declare (declaration of an incident) and mean time to restore (returning the technology back to the end users). This paper will describe how this collaboration between information technology and emergency preparedness has improved the impact on healthcare operations, and will highlight the metrics used to monitor success.
Understanding corporate clients: Why banks need to rethink their business models and approach to client relationship management
Authors: Fremlin Per , King Joseph , Mathias Peter
Published: July 2024

Corporate treasurers need banks to provide advisory driven cross-product responses to their business issues, while maintaining access to the bank's product specialists. On the one hand, given the need to maintain product specialisation, banks face potential hurdles and challenges to execute a cohesive advisory response across products. On the other hand, banks who have successfully adopted an integrated client management response have demonstrated a 40 per cent average increase in their returns on a representative sample of corporate customer relationships. The treasurers obtain a higher quality of advice and solutions execution from their bankers and, in return, will allocate more profitable wallet to the bank that can provide it. This ultimately improves the treasurer's ability to address critical business issues. Implementing a treasurer's agenda programme in a bank requires an origination process that unites product business lines. It is also heavily dependent on an advisory–sales driven approach. Medium sized and regional banks have demonstrated a time to market competitive advantage over global banks in implementing a treasurer's agenda programme for similar customers. This is mainly due to the ability of non-global banks to overcome thorny trade-off issues across product lines more quickly, and to have less complex product and geographic organisations.
Bridging the talent gap: Three steps to staying competitive through analytics
Authors: Bolton Carrie
Published: July 2024

As customer expectations continue to rise, and the marketplace becomes ever more competitive, marketers need analytics and insights to drive better decisions. Using data and analytics as a competitive advantage requires a team of analysts who know your business well, and who have the skills to work with marketing leaders to combine analytics with business acumen. It is difficult to find people with the whole package — the analysis, technical and consulting skills required to deliver the analytics marketing needs to make decisions that drive return on investment. It is important to take a long-term view, and invest in developing people into strong analysts who help to move marketing efforts forward. To build a high-performing team that adds ongoing value to your marketing strategy, there are three strategic steps: developing clear expectations of the role, finding people with the right mindset and baseline technical skills, and exposing those people to senior analysts, mentors and projects.
Effort optimisation and performance improvement in the compliant implementation of supply chain laws
Authors: Meier Klaus-Jürgen
Published: July 2024

Like other countries, Germany is now following suit and introducing a supply chain law. This type of law obliges companies to exercise due diligence towards suppliers. Compliance with human rights, environmental protection and social standards must be ensured not only for direct suppliers, but along the entire supply chain. This significantly increases the complexity of procurement and poses challenges for existing purchasing organisations. What is needed is an approach that enables the legal requirements to be met with manageable effort. This conceptual paper discusses approaches for companies to reduce the resulting effort from supply chain law initiative — especially in Germany — and even improve performance at the same time. Audits are shown to be a central means of meeting these legal obligations. This also includes so-called remote audits, which promise comparatively low-effort execution, especially in a global context. Based on the application of international standards, the paper complies with the due diligence obligations of the supply chain law. The result is an assessment of whether and to what extent remote audits are suitable for fulfilling the obligation, how they can be optimally organised in agile interaction with on-site audits and where the limits are. It is also evident that auditing of direct and indirect suppliers in the supply chain can be used to achieve performance improvements and cost reductions elsewhere. Finally, the paper summarises which accompanying measures help to further reduce the burden on companies.
The influence of social media communities on brand loyalty: Case study of Morocco’s telephone operating companies
Authors: Abdelmounaim Kerkri
Published: July 2024

The telecommunication industry in Morocco has witnessed substantial growth in the past decade, with three main brands dominating the market. This paper assesses the efficiency of these brands’ social media presence by modelling the relationship between social media, brand loyalty and brand trust. The study uses partial least squares path modelling to test six hypotheses. The results suggest that social media play a significant role in building brands in the Moroccan telecommunication sector.
The social injustice of urban regeneration initiatives in the Johannesburg inner city
Authors: Neluheni Msc. Mudzunga G. , Boshoff Phd. Brian
Published: July 2024

Urban regeneration and gentrification typically engender a situation of ‘winners’ (such as developers and those benefiting from a process of gentrification) and ‘losers’ (the marginalised and/or displaced). Those who are displaced can become (more) vulnerable and experience homelessness and loss of social capital and all manner of livelihood and psychological insecurity. The aim of this paper is to report on the experiences of gentrification and the social injustices perpetrated by post-apartheid urban regeneration initiatives in Maboneng, a precinct of the Johannesburg inner city. Building and neighbourhood upgrades in Maboneng favoured the newly resident ‘creative class’, while reducing the availability of affordable housing in Jeppestown. By means of a phenomenological investigation, a limited number of respondents in and around Maboneng (who were identified by purposive and snowball sampling) were interviewed. Primary and secondary data was then analysed thematically, in terms of social justice and right to the city conceptual frameworks. The key findings indicate that low-income residents experienced displacement due to gentrification and this led to them losing supportive social and economic networks. This stimulated adaptive strategies and those who remained in the neighbourhood proved to be both socially and economically resilient in the face of regeneration. Additionally, it was found that the ‘winners’ were not outright ‘winners’ and they themselves experienced forms of ‘regenerational turbulence’.
Creating high-impact visualisations
Authors: Brackett Kerry E. , Pal Sumit
Published: July 2024

Every day we are confronted with data in various forms and structures. Data visualisation provides one of the best tools to grapple with the deluge of data, to comprehend the data surrounding us and to make decisions based on the data. This paper explores some of the techniques and best practices to build such visuals and discusses two case studies.
GDPR Glasnost: Spain’s AEPD raises the transparency bar and sanctions two banks
Authors: Fischer Philipp , Levis Julien
Published: July 2024

This paper is a commentary on two recent decisions issued by the Spanish data protection authority (DPA): the AEPD (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos). Both decisions — issued one month apart — developed similar motives and grievances primarily arising from the alleged lack of clarity in the two banks’ privacy notifications to their clients as well as in the consent-collection process and in the formulation of their legitimate interest in processing personal data. These two decisions combined with one issued just a couple of months earlier by the French DPA (CNIL [Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés]) appear to draw a new trend: one towards a heightened scrutiny on the details of the data protection documentation set forth by data controllers. Sanctions issued over General Data Protection Regulation’s (GDPR) first two years of implementation had largely focused on penalising manifest disregard for GDPR (primarily in the form of a lack of appropriate technical and organisational measures or the absence of a lawful basis for personal data processing). In each of the three decisions, the data controller was a bank (Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, SA [BBVA] and CaixaBank in the two AEPD decisions under review, Carrefour Banque in the CNIL decision previously commented by the co-authors). In the two Spanish decisions, the fines issued were, respectively, for €5m and €6m against BBVA and CaixaBank. Privacy professionals in the banking sector will need to factor in these regulatory developments and reassess the formulation of their privacy notifications. The industry has thus been invited to reassess its duty of privacy information from a new, more rigorous perspective. What degree of detail regarding the specifics of the data processing do regulators expect in a privacy notice? How should data controllers structure the collection of data subject consent to ensure it may constitute a legitimate basis for data processing? What are the elements they need to demonstrate to validly invoke a legitimate interest in the data processing? The two recent AEPD decisions under review set a high bar. While the two decisions are primarily remarkable in their substantive motivation (I), we will also highlight some particularly interesting procedural developments (II).
Accountability and human rights in the age of tech
Authors: Shefet Dan
Published: July 2024

It is considered almost common knowledge that the internet has made significant contributions to human rights. To the extent the net and tech are met with criticism or scepticism, it tends to be the result of extreme and conspicuous abuse (eg Cambridge Analytica), but the more fundamental question of the net’s true contribution to human rights has never been raised in public discourse. From the perspective of human rights as recognised by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the intention of this paper is to challenge the conventional wisdom of tech’s contribution and to raise the question as to whether tech immunity is a privilege undeserved. Has immunity become a licence to destroy values, democracy, social cohesion and human rights? Has it become a one-sided deal without checks and balances? Finally, the paper suggests possible solutions for these questions.
Managing the hypercomplexity of cyber security regulation: In search of a regulatory Rosetta Stone
Authors: Paul Greene F.
Published: July 2024

It is an understatement to say that the legal issues arising from privacy and information security concerns are complex. Indeed, the way that laws from various jurisdictions and industry sectors interact and even conflict make the legal issues in this space hypercomplex: more complex because of their very own complexity. Fortunately, a common regulatory language is beginning to coalesce, and organisations can position themselves within this ‘sweet spot’ of regulatory focus. By engaging in robust and honest risk assessments, by adopting an established security framework, and by including regulatory risk in its risk management and budgeting efforts, an organisation can adapt to the changing regulatory landscape and lessen the burden that this hypercomplexity creates.
The evolving role of the ‘collecting model’ in the payment service provider market
Authors: Bartelt Niklas , Hommel Ulrich
Published: July 2024

Many payment service providers (PSPs) are investing in the extension of their value chain by adopting the so-called ‘collecting model’. In contrast to conventional e-commerce PSPs, collecting PSPs, simplify payment processes for their clients, in addition to optimising merchant processes in general. Using the Dutch-based Adyen as a case illustration, this paper gauges the longer-term prospects of this service model. The study concludes that the collecting model will command a larger market share going forward, although it is better suited to some sectors rather than others.
Capital market trends in Japan: Drivers of innovation and a market in transition
Authors: Yanagawa Eiichiro
Published: July 2024

This paper examines Japan’s capital markets and offers an outlook for the future in light of the tumultuous changes seen in Europe and North America. Rooted in the view that the current trading environment has been enabled by the transformation afoot in the exchange industry, the paper considers best execution-related system innovation and changes in market structure as well as the current state of trading technology innovation before addressing these in terms of Japan’s market. In its review of the merger that created JPX, the Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) noted clearly that the merger cannot be expected to enhance efficiency and considered not only issues of market share but also broader questions of diversity and competition. In other words, the JFTC did not review the merger solely through the lens of the Antimonopoly Act 1947, but rather from the perspective of JPX’s competiveness in global capital markets. As a result, JFTC approved the merger but imposed three measures as conditions: (1) involving outside experts in determining listing-related fees; (2) ensuring the existence of proprietary trading system (PTS) operators; (3) securing international licensed operators in derivatives-related businesses. The paper features information and comments from interviews conducted with multiple market participants. The results all point to the conclusion that Japan’s market has yet to experience ‘big bang’ structural reforms on a par with the European and North American markets or to be subject to the accompanying across-the-board tsunami of technological innovation. At the same time, deregulation of PTS operators and margin trading have rippled through the market, leaving signs that this will significantly affect the new JPX and Japan’s capital markets — a conclusion supported by this study’s results.
Managing real estate cybersecurity — A very real risk
Authors: Brown Mark
Published: July 2024

Conventional wisdom paints a view that the pervasive and prevalent reporting of cybersecurity as today's most prominent threat is not an issue for the real estate sector. But with the transition to intelligent buildings, SMART everything enabled by the Internet of Things and the issue of corporate liability, attitudes towards this conventional view are changing rapidly. So, how real is the threat, and what actions should the sector take to mitigate the risks, which go way beyond IT, and look at the very real impact on corporate real estate and the ability to manage the portfolio of investments?
An overview of developments in South Africa's payments industry
Authors: Pretorius Maurits , Wang Jason , Buitendag Johan
Published: July 2024

South Africa has robust interoperable payment systems, and most adults have bank accounts. Societal realities and financial inclusion continue to play significant roles in payments. While cash remains a dominant payment method, digitisation and new payment technologies are responding to the changing demands of consumers and new regulatory requirements. As a result, South Africa continues to modernise its payment systems to comply with ISO 20022 while addressing the needs of those dependent on cash with innovative payment alternatives. This paper discusses the efforts of the payments industry to modernise the country's national payment system to support the South African Reserve Bank's National Payment System Vision 2025 and its goals, including financial inclusion.
Embracing the nexus of forces for increased performance and cost reduction
Authors: Sanquist Nancy Johnson
Published: July 2024

The digital era has ushered in a powerful phenomenon that has blown open the doors of the traditional office building and has taken the workplace with it to anywhere business activities are being carried out. It has bypassed the IT department with their control of hardware and software and quieted the hum of their servers in their huge data centres. It has perplexed the HR department who face a new workforce which is used to blurring the lines between their work and private lives making traditional policies and procedures no longer relevant. Now the digital era has ushered in the Nexus of Forces (the convergence of mobility, cloud computing, big data/analytics, social media and the Internet of Everything) is changing the world of corporate real estate (CRE) and facility management (FM) like nothing has before.This article introduces the Nexus of Forces (NOF) phenomenon and explain why it presents one of the biggest opportunities for our profession to embrace these new technologies and truly lead the development of one of the most exciting aspects of the business world today. This is the redefinition of the planning, design, management and utilization of the workplace. New roles are being added to CRE/FM staffs and new skill sets are required for the maximum performance of these professionals. Therefore, new courses must be added to all layers of our education system from grade schools through graduate programs to enable this to become as powerful force as it can be, as predicted in this article.
To consent or not to consent, that is the question
Authors: Horton-Tuckett Adam , Ashton-Wenham Heléna
Published: July 2024

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has introduced some significant changes to the processing of data in health and care services. The impact of these changes is now being felt on a wider basis in relation to the question of whether data is processed with consent or not, and even whether we should continue to use the word ‘consent’ when sharing information to provide care. Also, there is the question of whether we should fundamentally review the concept of confidentiality and assess if the laws on data protection and privacy are sufficient on their own.
The evolution of brand journalism and its natural fit with university marketing
Authors: Gould Dean
Published: July 2024

Brand journalism is an increasingly used term among marketers but it is largely misrepresented. It is more than using the story-telling skills of journalists to hone a public relations pitch. Brand journalism is a challenge for an organisation to meet consumer information needs in an area in which the brand can be reasonably positioned as providing expert commentary. Universities are ideally placed to spearhead this evolution of mainstream journalism because of their established commitment to the public good and their natural affinity to editorial independence through the culture of academic freedom.
SFTR technical standards: Turning data into intelligence
Authors: Arnaudov Nikolay
Published: July 2024

The paper provides insights into the implementation in the European Union of the Financial Stability Board (FSB) initiatives related to securities financing transactions (SFTs). Securities financing transactions regulation (SFTR) sets out requirements on transparency of SFTs and of reuse. The draft technical standards leverage on existing systems, processes and formats and establish end-to-end use of ISO 20022 extensible markup language (XML). In addition, given the pivotal role of collateral, the reporting requirements provide for a comprehensive data collection of key data elements relating to the collateral and type of collateralisation. The extensive use of ISO 20022 XML should also contribute to enhanced data quality and facilitate the data aggregation and comparison between authorities. Finally, SFTR would also contribute to a better assessment by FSB of risks related to the use of SFTs.
Leading strategic change
Authors: Austin Jim
Published: July 2024

Most strategic change initiatives are never implemented. While one cannot guarantee a strategic result, two steps are essential for reducing risk and improving outcomes in Leading Strategic Change: firstly, adapting a strategic mindset that is open to more than just incremental change; secondly, execute, execute, execute. In the author’s experience, most strategic initiatives fail not for their poor strategic choices but for being unable to expand on prior mental models and for poor execution. This paper examines four common mental model pitfalls and proposes means of overcoming them, from frame narrowness to confirmation bias, groupthink and finally attribution bias. Execution depends on clear priorities; understanding stakeholder needs; and clear, simple, consistent communication.