bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comet 66P/du Toit: not a near-Earth main belt comet
Authors: Yang Bin , Jehin Emmanuël , Pozuelos Francisco J. , Moulane Youssef , Shinnaka Yoshiharu , Opitom Cyrielle , Hsieh Henry H. , Hutsemékers Damien , Manfroid Jean
Published: October 2019

Context. Main belt comets (MBCs) are a peculiar class of volatile-containing objects with comet-like morphology and asteroid-like orbits. However, MBCs are challenging targets to study remotely due to their small sizes and the relatively large distance they are from the Sun and the Earth. Recently, a number of weakly active short-period comets have been identified that might originate in the asteroid main belt. Among all of the known candidates, comet 66P/du Toit has been suggested to have one of the highest probabilities of coming from the main belt.

Aims. The main goal of this study is to investigate the physical properties of 66P via spectroscopic and imaging observations to constrain its formation conditions. In particular, the isotopic abundance ratio and the ortho-to-para ratio (OPR) of gaseous species can be derived via high-resolution spectroscopy, which is sensitive to the formation temperature of the nucleus.

Methods. We obtained medium and high-resolution spectra of 66P from 300–2500 nm with the X-shooter and the UVES instruments at the Very Large Telescope in July 2018. We also obtained a series of narrow-band images of 66P to monitor the gas and dust activity between May and July 2018 with TRAPPIST-South. In addition, we applied a dust model to characterize the dust coma of 66P and performed dynamical simulations to study the orbital evolution of 66P.

Results. We derive the OPR of ammonia (NH3) in 66P to be 1.08 ± 0.06, which corresponds to a nuclear spin temperature of ~34 K. We compute the production rates of OH, NH, CN, C3, and C2 radicals and measure the dust proxy, Afρ. The dust analysis reveals that the coma can be best-fit with an anisotropic model and the peak dust production rate is about 55 kg s−1 at the perihelion distance of 1.29 au. Dynamical simulations show that 66P is moderately asteroidal with the capture time, tcap ~ 104 yr.

Conclusions. Our observations demonstrate that the measured physical properties of 66P are consistent with typical short-period comets and differ significantly from other MBCs. Therefore, 66P is unlikely to have a main belt origin.
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Concussion in Western Province Rugby Union Senior Club Rugby Players
Authors: Kraak Wilbur , Coetzee Lize , Kruger Anika , Stewart Reeco , Vuuren Hanno van
Published: October 2019

Concussion is a frequently occurring injury in rugby which is not usually reported to coaches or medical staff. Recognition and treatment of concussion should be a priority; however, education surrounding concussion knowledge and attitudes of the players have been lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes toward concussion in Western Province Rugby Union (WPRU) Super League senior club rugby players. This study focused on gathering quantitative information from WPRU club rugby players, using the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey-Student Version (RoCKAS-ST). The correlation between the Concussion Attitude Index (CAI) and Concussion Knowledge Index (CKI) was (r=0.14). The CKI average for the players was (16.72±2.96). The participants answered 67% (16.72±2.96) of the CKI questions and 62% (46.54±5.75) of the CAI questions correctly. The participants demonstrated sufficient knowledge of concussion, as well as safe attitudes toward concussion. A small number of players lacked knowledge of symptoms and attitudes toward concussion, which may have been influenced by the importance of games. Overall, the participants in this study demonstrated superior knowledge and safe attitudes compared to other studies. The current study found that the players had good knowledge and safe attitudes regarding the severity of concussion.
A simplified table using validated diagnostic criteria is effective to improve characterization of colorectal polyps: the CONECCT teaching program
Authors: Fabritius Martin , Gonzalez Jean-Michel , Becq Aymeric , Dray Xavier , Coron Emmanuel , Brenet-Defour Lucie , Branche Julien , Gerard Romain , Lepage Côme , Poincloux Laurent , Lienhart Isabelle , Bonniaud Paul , Bounnah Mohamed Tayeb , Rivory Jérôme , Lépilliez Vincent , Subtil Fabien , Saurin Jean-Christophe , Ponchon Thierry , Jacques Jérémie , Pioche Mathieu
Published: October 2019

Introduction and study aims Accurate real-time endoscopic characterization of colorectal polyps is key to choosing the most appropriate treatment. Mastering the currently available classifications is challenging. We used validated criteria for these classifications to create a single table, named CONECCT, and evaluated the impact of a teaching program based on this tool.

Methods A prospective multicenter study involving GI fellows and attending physicians was conducted. During the first session, each trainee completed a pretest consisting in histological prediction and choice of treatment of 20 colorectal polyps still frames. This was followed by a 30-minute course on the CONECCT table, before taking a post-test using the same still frames reshuffled. During a second session at 3 – 6 months, a last test (T3 M) was performed, including these same still frames and 20 new ones.

Results A total 419 participants followed the teaching program between April 2017 and April 2018. The mean proportion of correctly predicted/treated lesions improved significantly from pretest to post-test and to T3 M, from 51.0 % to 74.0 % and to 66.6 % respectively (P < 0.001). Between pretest and post-test, 343 (86.6 %) trainees improved, and 153 (75.4 %) at T3 M. Significant improvement occurred for each subtype of polyp for fellows and attending physicians. Between the two sessions, trainees continued to progress in the histology prediction and treatment choice of polyps CONECCT IIA. Over-treatment decreased significantly from 30.1 % to 15.5 % at post-test and to 18.5 % at T3 M (P < 0.001).

Conclusion The CONECCT teaching program is effective to improve the histology prediction and the treatment choice by gastroenterologists, for each subtype of colorectal polyp.
Hybrid placement technique for hepatic hilar obstruction using a new uncovered self-expandable metal stent
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Yamada Masanori , Ueno Saori , Fukunishi Shinya , Higuchi Kazuhide
Published: October 2019

Background and study aim Recently, a novel technique combining stent-in-stent (SIS) and side-by-side (SBS) technique (hybrid technique) has been reported. This technique may have application for hepatic hilar obstruction (HBO) because it reduces the number of times the stent mesh has to be passed. However, to the best our knowledge, evaluation of its use in that setting has not been reported. Recently, a new uncovered self-expandable metal stent (UCSEMS) has become available in Japan. The diameter of this stent delivery shaft is only 5.4 Fr, and the discrepancy between the guidewire and top of stent delivery system is strongly reduced. We herein report technical tips for hybrid metal stent deployment for high-grade HBO using this novel UCSEMS. 

Hybrid metal stent deployment using he novel UCSEMS was attempted in seven patients. Technical success was obtained in all patients. Mean procedure time was 33.3 minutes (range, 27 to 43). Clinical success was obtained in six patients. Median stent patency was 109 days (range, 48 – 160 days).

In conclusion, the hybrid metal stent placement technique appears to be useful using the new UCSEMS because of its fine-gauge stent delivery system.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der enzymatischen Lokaltherapie
von Handverbrennungen
Authors: Billner Moritz , Promny Dominik , Reichert Bert
Published: October 2019

Bei Verbrennungsverletzungen spielen die Hände aufgrund ihrer Exposition und der
durch tiefdermale Schädigungen der Haut entstehenden funktionellen sowie
ästhetischen Einschränkungen eine besondere Rolle. Durch die Einführung des
enzymatischen, Bromelain basierten Wunddebridements wurde eine alternative
Behandlungsmethode zur Frühexzision von Verbrennungen geschaffen. Dargestellt
und diskutiert wird der Verlauf von drei Fällen mit enzymatischer Behandlung bei
tiefdermalen Verbrennungen an den Händen.
Volumetría de fascículos cerebrales en población sana
Authors: Hernández José Fernando , Bello-Dávila Leonardo , Ramírez Sergio Francisco , Marin Jorge , Rudas Jorge , Ordóñez-Rubiano Edgar G. , Vanegas Jenny Vicuña
Published: October 2019

Objetivo Desde la aparición de la tractografía, al tratarse de una técnica no invasiva y que usa la ampliamente conocida resonancia magnética (RM), el estudio de la sustancia blanca se ha facilitado. A partir de eso, se han logrado grandes descubrimientos en cuanto a fascículos cerebrales involucrados en funciones cognitivas. Sin embargo, su evaluación sigue siendo subjetiva y depende de la experiencia y entrenamiento del evaluador, razón por la cual se ha limitado su aplicabilidad en la práctica clínica. En ese sentido, es conveniente parametrizar volúmenes cerebrales de sustancia blanca en población sana a través de una herramienta electrónica que se pueda reproducir y así poderlo aplicar en enfermos.

Materiales y métodos Se reportan 10 sujetos sanos desde el punto de vista neurológico. Para cada sujeto, se adquirieron imágenes ponderadas por difusión y los resultados se visualizaron mediante FiberNavigator (http://scilus.github.io/fibernavigator). Finalmente, esa misma herramienta fue utilizada para purificar los fascículos objeto de estudio y realizar el conteo de las fibras.

Resultados Se obtuvieron valores de volumetría del fascículo longitudinal superior (FLS), fascículo longitudinal inferior (FLI), fascículo frontoccipital inferior (FFI), fascículo uncinado (FU) y fascículo del cíngulo (FC), identificando que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el número de fibras que componen los fascículos cerebrales.

Discusión Los resultados alcanzados de la anatomía y la direccionalidad de fibras de los fascículos cerebrales de este estudio coinciden con el resto de la evidencia publicada hasta el momento, sin encontrar diferencias en cuanto a su organización y recorrido.

Conclusión Aunque esos resultados no sirven como valores de referencia para ser aplicados en pacientes con patología neurológica, brindamos información inexistente hasta el momento, con ese equipo en específico y la reproducción entre los distintos usuarios y el software.
Effects of Polymerization Mode and Interaction with Hydroxyapatite on the Rate of pH Neutralization, Mechanical Properties, and Depth of Cure in Self-Adhesive Cements
Authors: Camargo Fabiana S. A. S. , González Alejandra H. M. , Alonso Roberta C. B. , Di Hipólito Vinicius , D'Alpino Paulo H. P.
Published: October 2019

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of self-adhesive resin cements associated with hydroxyapatite (HAp) according to the polymerization activation.

Materials and Methods Specimens of cements (PermaCem 2.0 [DMG]; MaxCem Elite [Kerr], and RelyX U200 [3M ESPE]) were distributed into three groups: activation mode; self-cured and dual-cured modes; and association or not with HAp powder mode. The pH neutralization was evaluated as a function of time. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were also tested (0.5 mm/min.). The depth of cure was also analyzed using the scraping test (ISO 4049). Infrared spectroscopy was also used to collect the spectra of specimens to evaluate the chemical bonds. Statistical comparisons were conducted at 5% of significance.

Results The aggressiveness of the self-adhesive resin cements evaluated varied among the materials with a tendency for neutralization. Self-cure groups exhibited lower pH throughout the entire evaluation when compared with that of the dual-cure ones, irrespective of the addition of HAp. MaxCem Elite when photoactivated was the only cement influenced by the addition of the HAp in terms of mechanical properties. The self-adhesive cements tested presented equivalent depth of cure based on the ISO 4049 requirements, regardless of the evaluated factors.

Conclusions Based on the parameters evaluated, the results demonstrated that most of the self-adhesive cements remained unaltered or improved when mixed with HAp, regardless of the activation mode.
Bonding Strength of Luting Cement to Zirconia-Based Ceramic Under Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Mendes Fabio , Zanini Mauricio M. , Favarão Jamille , Camilotti Veridiana , Sinhoreti Mario A. C. , Mendonça Marcio J. , Consani Simonides
Published: October 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength of self-adhesive luting cement to zirconia under different surface treatments.

Materials and Methods Thirty-two zirconia samples were randomly divided into eight experimental groups based on the surface treatment employed (Control: no surface treatment; PMM: wear with diamond bur; JAT: blasting with glass beads; PMA: wear with a medium-roughness milling machine; Primer: primer application on the surface without treatment; PMM +Primer: PMM treatment plus primer application; JAT+Primer: JAT treatment plus primer application; and PMA+Primer: PMA treatment plus primer application). Cement cylinders were built on the ceramic surfaces, and the groups were subdivided according to the storage time employed (i.e., 24 hours or 60 days). After storage, the samples were subjected to microshear testing.

Statistical Analysis The Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Dunn test was employed for comparison between the groups (p < 0.05).

Results The PMM group yielded the optimal results and the mean values increased after both storage times following the primer application. The Control, PMA, and JAT groups gave similar results after 24 hours, while the JAT group gave superior results following primer application over this storage time. After 60 days of storage, all groups gave improved results following chemical treatment with a primer.

Conclusion It was concluded that mechanical preparation using the diamond bur followed by primer application significantly improved the bond strength between the ceramic and the luting cement.
Xeroradiography: Stagnated after a Promising Beginning? A Historical Review
Authors: Udoye Christopher I , Jafarzadeh Hamid
Published: October 2019

Various methods have been introduced for obtaining radiographs. Xeroradiography which is a method of imaging uses the xeroradiographic copying process to record images produced by diagnostic x-rays. It differs from halide film technique in that it involves neither wet chemical processing nor the use of dark room. Literature on this subject is scarce. After an initial promising beginning, this imaging method, once thought to hold the key to endodontic imaging, got stagnated. A revisit of this promising endodontic imaging system would therefore be appropriate. The purpose of this study was to review xeroradiographic technique as a roentgenographic imaging system. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:95-99)
A Comparison of Mobile- and Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasties in the Treatment of Medial Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 1,861 Patients
Authors: Huang Fei , Wu Dan , Chang Jun , Zhang Chi , Qin Kunpeng , Liao Faxue , Yin Zongsheng
Published: October 2019

Many studies have compared mobile-bearing (MB) and fixed-bearing (FB) unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs) in patients with unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA). The present systematic review and meta-analysis examined the differences in the clinical and radiological outcomes of MB UKA and FB UKA. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, as well as Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that compared MB UKA and FB UKA were included. The weighted mean difference in the knee scores and range of motion (ROM) as well as the summary odds ratio of postoperative mechanical axis alignment, radiolucency, revision rate, and complications were calculated in the MB UKA and FB UKA groups. Finally, 2 RCTs and 11 cohort studies that involved 1,861 patients (1,996 knees) were included. The FB UKA group showed better postoperative Knee Society score (KSS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and ROM than the MB UKA group. However, the MB UKA group had more knees with a neutral limb alignment and a lower incidence of polyethylene wear than the FB UKA group. No significant differences were observed between the groups with respect to radiolucency, revision rate, and complications, such as arthritis progression, aseptic loosening, and postoperative pain. This meta-analysis has demonstrated that both prostheses provided excellent clinical outcomes and survivorship in patients with unicompartmental knee OA. The MB UKA group achieved the expected postoperative neutral limb alignment as compared with the FB UKA group, while the FB UKA group showed higher knee scores and superior ROM than the MB UKA group. Limited evidence is currently available; therefore, the results of our meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution.
Self Reported Dental Health Attitudes and Behaviour of Dental Students in Turkey
Authors: Yildiz Sinem , Dogan Basak
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in self-reported oral health attitudes and behaviour between preclinical and clinical dental students in Turkey using Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI). Methods: A Turkish version HU-DBI questionnaire with additional 7 questions, totally 27 items, was distributed among 1022 dental students. Results: The response rate was 75% (486 preclinical and 278 clinical students). Significantly higher (P=0.000) percentage of the preclinical students, compared to clinical students, worry about colour of their teeth, are bothered by the colour of their gums, put off going to the dentist until they have a toothache; think that their teeth are getting worse despite their daily brushing, it is impossible to prevent gum disease with tooth brushing alone, and they cannot help having false teeth when they are old. Moreover, the preclinical students more frequently agree on that their gums tend to bleed when they brush their teeth, they use a toothbrush which has hard bristles, and they don’t feel they’ve brushed well unless with strong strokes (P=0.000). However, a higher proportion of clinical students compared to preclinical students brush each of their teeth carefully, think that they can clean their teeth without using toothpaste, have had their dentist tell them that they brush very well (P=0.000). The HU-DBI score of clinical students (7.47±1.86) was significantly (P=0.000) higher than preclinical students (6.00±1.86). Conclusions: Dental students should have a comprehensive program, including their self-care regimes, starting from their first year of education. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:253-259)
Manufacturing Implant Supported Auricular Prostheses by Rapid Prototyping Techniques
Authors: Karatas Meltem Ozdemir , Cifter Ebru Demet , Ozenen Didem Ozdemir , Balik Ali , Tuncer Erman Bulent
Published: October 2019

Maxillofacial prostheses are usually fabricated on the models obtained following the impression procedures. Disadvantages of conventional impression techniques used in production of facial prosthesis are deformation of soft tissues caused by impression material and disturbance of the patient due to.Additionally production of prosthesis by conventional methods takes longer time. Recently, rapid prototyping techniques have been developed for extraoral prosthesis in order to reduce these disadvantages of conventional methods. Rapid prototyping technique has the potential to simplify the procedure and decrease the laboratory work required. It eliminates the need for measurement impression procedures and preparation of wax model to be performed by prosthodontists themselves In the near future this technology will become a standard for fabricating maxillofacial prostheses. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:472-477)
FEM analysis of a new miniplate: stress distribution on the plate, screws and the bone
Authors: Nalbantgil Didem , Tozlu Murat , Ozdemir Fulya , Oztoprak Mehmet Oguz , Arun Tulin
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Non-homogeneous force distribution along the miniplates and the screws is an unsolved question for skeletal anchorage in orthodontics. To overcome this issue, a miniplate structure was designed featuring spikes placed on the surface facing the cortical bone. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the force distribution of the newly designed plate-screw systems with the conventional one.

Methods: A model of bone surface with 1.5 mm cortical thickness, along with the two newly designed miniplates and a standard miniplate-screw were simulated on the three-dimensional model. 200 g experimental force was applied to the tip of the miniplates and the consequential effects on the screws and cortical bone was evaluated using three-dimensional finite element method.

Results: As a result of this finite element study, remarkably lower stresses were observed on the screws and the cortical bone around the screws with the newly designed miniplate when compared with the conventional one.

Conclusion: The newly designed miniplate that has spikes was found effective in reducing the stress on and around the screws and the force was distributed more equivalently. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:9-15)
Searching for Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae in primary endodontic infections
Authors: Rôças Isabela N , Siqueira José F
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to search samples from primary endodontic infections for the presence of two common human bacterial pathogens -Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae

Methods: Genomic DNA isolated from samples taken from 25 root canals of teeth with asymptomatic (chronic) apical periodontitis and 25 aspirates from acute apical abscess was initially amplified by the multiple displacement amplification approach and then used as template in species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of H. pylori and C. pneumoniae. Results: All clinical samples were positive for the presence of bacterial DNA. However, no clinical sample was positive for either H. pylori or C. pneumoniae

Conclusions: Neither H. pylori nor C. pneumoniae were found in samples from primary endodontic infections. These findings suggest that these species are not candidate endodontic pathogens and that the necrotic root canal does not serve as a reservoir for these human pathogens in healthy patients. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:158-162)
A simple method for fabricating custom sectional impression trays for making definitive impressions in patients with microstomia
Authors: Bachhav Vinay Chila , Aras Meena Ajay
Published: October 2019

Objectives: A maximum mouth opening that is smaller than the size of a complete denture can
make prosthetic treatment challenging. This article describes a simple technique used to fabricate
maxillary and mandibular custom sectional impression trays for making definitive impressions in
patients with microstomia. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:244-247)
Effect of spectral filtering on pulse duration in dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) regime of modelocked fiber laser
Authors: Paul Nitish , Gupta Pradeep K. , Singh Chandra Pal , Mukhopadhyay Pranab K. , Bindra Kushvinder S.
Published: October 2019

The effect of spectral filtering on pulse duration in an all-normal-dispersion laser operating in a dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) regime is studied numerically and compared with the results obtained by solving the analytical expressions. It is observed that the spectral filtering reduces the pulse duration in the DSR regime. The numerically simulated trend of the variation of flat-top pulse duration as a function of the gain for different spectral transmission bandwidths of the filter shows good qualitative agreement with the experimental results.
Label-free multiphoton microscopy promises real-time optical molecular imaging of live tissues
Authors: Zhang Zhengzheng
Published: October 2019

A new label-free nonlinear optical imaging tool provides a comprehensive picture of the molecular, metabolic and structural composition of live tissues in real time
A folding protein gets caught in the act
Authors: Middleton Christine
Published: October 2019

Time-resolved NMR spectra paint a picture of structural transformation with millisecond resolution.
Corrigendum to: Mapping change in key soil properties due to climate change over south-eastern Australia
Authors: Gray Jonathan M. , Bishop Thomas F. A.
Published: October 2019

Climate change will lead to altered soil conditions that will impact on plant growth in both agricultural and native ecosystems. Additionally, changes in soil carbon storage will influence carbon accounting schemes that may play a role in climate change mitigation programs. We applied a digital soil mapping approach to examine and map (at 100-m resolution) potential changes in three important soil properties – soil organic carbon (SOC), pH and sum-of-bases (common macro-nutrients) – resulting from projected climate change over south-eastern Australia until ~2070. Four global climate models were downscaled with three regional models to give 12 climate models, which were used to derive changes for the three properties across the province, at 0–30 and 30–100 cm depth intervals. The SOC stocks were projected to decline over the province, while pH and sum-of-bases were projected to increase; however, the extent of change varied throughout the province and with different climate models. The average changes primarily reflected the complex interplay of changing temperatures and rainfall throughout the province. The changes were also influenced by the operating environmental conditions, with a uniform pattern of change particularly demonstrated for SOC over 36 combinations of current climate, parent material and land use. For example, the mean decline of SOC predicted for the upper depth interval was 15.6 Mg ha–1 for wet–mafic–native vegetation regimes but only 3.1 Mg ha–1 for dry–highly siliceous–cropping regimes. The predicted changes reflected only those attributable to the projected climate change and did not consider the influence of ongoing and changing land management practices.
Dynamics of wrinkling in ultrathin elastic sheets
Authors: Box Finn , O’Kiely Doireann , Kodio Ousmane , Inizan Maxime , Castrejón-Pita Alfonso A. , Vella Dominic
Published: October 2019

Significance

Elastic instabilities provide a means of generating regular topographies with a well-defined wavelength. For example, a thin elastic film attached to a softer substrate buckles into an array of regular wrinkles under quasistatic compression. The wrinkle wavelength is selected by the mechanical properties of the system so that different wavelengths are typically attained through variation of the film thickness. Here, we show that, for a film of given thickness, variation in the wrinkle wavelength can be achieved dynamically. Our study of impact-induced wrinkling demonstrates that the inertial response of the substrate results in an evolving wrinkle wavelength, opening the route toward dynamic tuning of wrinkle-patterned topographies.
Vernon never called for me yesterday
Authors: Palacios Ignacio M.
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the different readings and meanings ofneverin the speech of London adults and teenagers, with particular attention to cases in which this negative is equivalent to a sentential negator in the past. The analysis of a sample of over 2,000 tokens extracted from three main corpora serves to provide not only a qualitative perspective on this issue but also a quantitative one that presents new empirical evidence. The universal negative quantificational use ofneveris seen to be the most frequent while punctualnevercomes second. The data analysed also indicate that in the last few years there has been an increase in such uses of this negative compared to the early 1990s. However, no notable differences are attested in this respect when contrasting adult and teen speech.
Metatextual indicators and phraseological units in a multimodal corpus
Authors: Leiva Rojo Jorge
Published: October 2019

The present work aims to address the combined use of phraseological units and metatextual indicators in spoken language, that is, the mechanisms used to introduce phraseological units to listeners. Exhaustive knowledge of how metatextual indicators are employed in discourse is, no doubt, highly valuable in identifying phraseological units in cases where immediacy is a main factor, as is common in different types of interpreting. The main characteristics of metatextual indicators are considered, along with their different categories to date, taking as a starting point such works as those of Čermák (2005) and Goddard (2009). An analysis is also provided of the 100 most recent uses of the metatextual indicator as the saying goes from a search in the multimodal NewsScape corpus. Studying these 100 uses leads to the general conclusion that this indicator tends to precede phraseological units – overwhelmingly proverbs – and that the phraseological units tend to be used without any modifying mechanisms. However, there are numerous cases, while still a minority, of quotations and, within them, allusions to elements that go beyond their classic conception – such as the notable inclusion of cases where the speaker manipulates the canonical meaning of phraseological units.
Italiano a distancia. Adaptación en línea de una actividad de producción oral controlada
Authors: Licastro Giada
Published: October 2019

La Reconstrucción de Conversación (en adelante denominada RC) es una producción lingüística oral controlada, en la que los alumnos, guiados por el profesor, reconstruyen un breve pasaje de una conversación de la cual sólo el profesor tiene el texto original. Las sugerencias del profesor se dan principalmente en forma de mímica y dibujos en la pizarra. Durante la actividad, el profesor estimula a los alumnos a formular hipótesis, guiándolos de forma activa y divertida hacia la reflexión sobre la gramática, el registro formal/informal, los códigos de conducta, las expresiones, las formas de decir, la fluidez y la entonación. En esta Investigación-Acción (en adelante denominada I-A) se han buscado soluciones para que esta actividad pueda ser aplicada a una clase en línea, centrándose en los aspectos que deben adaptarse: organización y gestión del espacio, proxémica, número de estudiantes, duración de la actividad.
Consecutive interpreting performance. Women and men compared
Authors: Verdini Agostina
Published: October 2019

Why are there so few male students attending the SSLMIT (Advanced School of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators) in Forlì? Why are interpreters generally women? Is there a biological or social explanation linked to gender differences in speaking abilities? This study is intended to provide an experimental analysis of possible differences and similarities between male and female students of interpretation. On the basis of the theories put forward by Gender Studies and a series of neuro-linguistic investigations on simultaneous interpreters, it seems that women and men in fact differ in the way they speak, communicate and also in their practice of interpretation. For this study, the interpretation mode chosen is consecutive and the linguistic combination is from German into Italian; the sample is made up of 14 women and 14 men, whose first or second foreign language is German. The texts selected for the CI (Consecutive Interpreting) present different linguistic features, topic, reading pace and length. The first is a speech, which deals with economic-financial matters, shows a high density of numerical expressions and specific sectorial terms. The second text is an article about health, which presents a considerable number of idiomatic expressions and terms related to the medical field. The comparison between the deliveries made by the interpreters of both sexes and the analysis of the answers provided by the questionnaires handed out to the students show some remarkable gender differences. Overall, it seems that male interpreters perform better as far as numbers, dates, and economic vocabulary are concerned, while female interpreters are better at handling figurative language and words related to health. Consistent with this finding, women maintained a higher degree of fluency in the delivery of the second text, while men were more fluent in the first. Although these results do not claim to be of statistical significance, they show that differences related to sex may have an impact on the performance of interpreters.
‘I wish for my life's roses to have fewer thorns’: Heinrich Neuhaus and Alternative Narratives of Selfhood in Soviet Russia
Authors: Razumovskaya Maria
Published: October 2019

Heinrich Gustavovich Neuhaus (1888–1964) was one of the Soviet era's most iconic musicians. Settling in Russia reluctantly, he was dismayed by the policies of the Soviet state and unable to engage with contemporary narratives of selfhood in the wake of the Revolution. In creating a new aesthetic field that defined him as Russian rather than Soviet, Neuhaus embodied an ambiguous territory whereby his views both resonated with and challenged aspects of Soviet-era culture. This article traces how Neuhaus adopted the idea of self-reflective or ‘autobiographical’ art through an interdisciplinary melding of ideas from Boris Pasternak, Alexander Blok and Mikhail Vrubel. In exposing the resulting tension between his understanding of Russian and Soviet selfhood, it nuances our understanding of the cultural identities within this era. Finally, discussing this tension in relation to Neuhaus's contextualization of the artistic persona of Shostakovich, it contributes to a long-needed reappraisal of his relationship with the composer.
Reconceptualizing the measurement of expectations to better understand placebo and nocebo effects in psychological responses to exercise
Authors: Lindheimer Jacob B. , Szabo Attila , Raglin John S. , Beedie Chris , Carmichael Kaitlyn E. , O'Connor Patrick J.
Published: October 2019

The understanding of placebo and nocebo effects in psychological responses to exercise may be improved by measuring expectations. Despite availability of several validated expectation measures, we argue for using scales that take both positive and negative expectations for exercise‐induced changes into account. A cross‐sectional survey was used to collect information on positive and negative expectations pertaining to how exercise would affect 14 different outcomes related to psychological health (n = 966). Outcomes for which a majority of the sample (>50%) reported positive expectations for exercise‐induced changes included: psychological well‐being (75.3%), depression (74.3%), relaxation (74.2%), sleep quality (73.3%), stress (72.2%), anxiety (69.8%), energy (67.1%), and attention (60.2%). Outcomes for which a majority of the sample (>50%) reported a negative expectation for exercise‐induced changes were muscle pain (66.3%), fatigue (57.3%), and joint pain (50.7%). Across all 14 outcomes, the percentage of participants with negative expectations for exercise‐induced changes ranged from 5.9 to 66.3%. Elucidating the potential presence of placebo and nocebo effects through measurement of expectations may improve the understanding of variability in the direction and magnitude of exercise‐related effects on psychological health. Although there were only 3 outcomes for which the majority of participants reported negative expectations, we found that negative expectations were present to some degree for all 14 outcomes. Thus, for researchers who wish to characterize expectations in studies of psychological responses to exercise, we recommend using measures that give equal consideration to positive and negative expectations.
Emotional intelligence in the initial teacher training
Authors: Cáceres Carvajal M O , Santiago M C , Rincon Leal O L
Published: October 2019

The objective of the article is to evaluate emotional intelligence in the initial teacher training of the mathematics bachelor program at the “Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander”, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. The methodology is framed in the qualitative approach with some complementary aspects of the quantitative approach, the applied technique is the interview and the trait meta-mood scale instrument. The results describe that the impacts of integrating the emotive dimension in the learning strategies of mathematics is a greater resilience in the teachers in formation, since thanks to the contact with their emotions through introspection and reflection they manage to draw plans and alternatives that help them to devote more time, ask more and study better, especially in those aspects that cause them difficulty.
Understanding of derivative as an essential part of the study of differential calculus
Authors: Rojas Suárez J P , Vergel-Ortega M , Pabón Gómez J A
Published: October 2019

The research aimed to design a teaching strategy and analyze benefits of its implementation in the use of technologies like GeoGebra and interactive materials that offers the web as enabling tools and teaching as mediation is aimed at students in grade 11 middle education. Tests pre-test and post-test and two experimental groups were applied control. It was verified that the teaching strategy has a positive influence on learning the experimental group improved the level of understanding of the concept of derivative and thus academic performance, in contrast to the control group to which is applied the traditional methodology.
Student leaders profile according to the United Nations model a factorial analysis
Authors: Leal J F Rincón , Ortega M Vergel , Leal O L Rincón
Published: October 2019

The objective of this research was to create a structural model able to explain the profile of student leaders during their youth stage, by implementing the pedagogical model form national university organization, in order to develop skills from a cognitive approach using an event-based learning trend. The research had a quantitative methodological approach, addressing differences in the students’ cognitive abilities for oral expression and textual production, along with a correlational method of factorial design analysis, as a field type. The beneficiary population was made up of students from private educational institutions with an average age of 17 years. According to the model, it was found that among the factors associated with leadership are, the ability to lobby, strategies, critical reading, intensity of the debate, discourse analysis, quality of presentation, decision making, characteristics that determine the profile of a ruler.
Educational engineering as research methodology in learning the concepts of limit and continuity
Authors: Saraza D , Vera C , Trujillo J , Prada R
Published: October 2019

Attached to the differential calculus concepts, particularly the of limit and continuity usually difficult environment to its conceptual construction, since it is usually oriented to the domain of algebraic processes, restricting the understanding and thus limiting learning and appropriation of the same. This research was developed by students of the hotbed of research in mathematics education, aiming to promote the correct conceptual apprehension of the themes of the differential calculus, through the design and implementation of various didactic sequences, based on didactic engineering as research methodology. Sequences used different registers of semiotic representation such as graphical, algebraic, natural and tabular. The activities were implemented in students belonging to the “Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander”, Colombia. Through the raised situation a better apprehension on the understanding of the infinitesimal of the meaning of the boundary (related to the continuity of this) and a better insight on the graphic understanding of limit and continuity, has strengthened since they had the opportunity to visualize the object of study in a direct way.
State-Level Public Opinion and Public Policy on LGBT Issues
Authors: Poggione Sarah
Published: October 2019

Initial research at the state level argued that there was little relationship between citizen preferences and policy. Later work successfully contested this view. First using state demographics or party voting as proxies for state opinion and then later developing measures of state ideology and measures of issue-specific state opinion, scholars found evidence that state policy is responsive to public preferences. However, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) policies are often recognized as distinct from other policy areas like economic, welfare, and regulatory issues. Scholars note that LGBT policies, due to their high saliency and relative simplicity, promote greater public input.

Research on LGBT policies demonstrates the effects of both ideology and issue-specific opinion, exploring how the linkage between opinion and policy differs across more and less salient policy areas. This work also examines how political institutions and processes shape democratic responsiveness on LGBT issues. Recent research also considers how LGBT policies shape public opinion. While these strands in the literature are critical to understanding LGBT politics in the United States, they also contribute to the understanding of the quality of democratic governance in the U.S. federal system and the mechanics of the linkage between public opinion and policy.
Future Scenarios of the European Union
Authors: Laffan Brigid
Published: October 2019

Debate on the future of the European Union (EU) never abates because the Union is a polity characterized by considerable change in its internal and external environment. Scenarios are an important tool in mapping possible futures for the Union as they bring underlying trends into focus. Four scenarios on the future of the EU are presented: disintegration, piecemeal adjustment, functional federalism, and a United States of Europe. The political and policy battle concerning the future of the Union is between scenario piecemeal adjustment, the dominant response to the crisis and to events on Europe’s borders, and functional federalism, defined as more integration but in defined fields. Piecemeal adjustment represents a Union that muddles through, incremental reform, whereas functional federalism represents a Union that garners sufficient political capacity to be more strategic in particular functional areas. Systemic disintegration is regarded as unlikely, but partial disintegration may occur because of the exit of the United Kingdom, challenges to a number of EU regimes, and the threats to the Union’s normative order from some member states. A united states of Europe, is highly unlikely as the member states are not in favor of transforming the Union into a state-like federation. The degree of contestation about the future of the EU precludes a transformation of the system at this juncture. Three intervening factors will have a major impact on the future of the EU: the profound changes in the global environment, turbulent politics in the member states, and the Franco-German relationship as a source of leadership in the Union.
Electoral Choice and Religion: Israel
Authors: Cohen Asher , Lazar Menachem
Published: October 2019

Among Israel’s Jewish society, which constitutes about 85% of the county’s voter base (about 15% are Arab voters), voters’ level of religiousness is considered, in relevant fields of research, the strongest predictor of voting behavior as well as of a wide range of political attitudes. Most prominent is the very high correlation found between a high level of religiousness and hawkish right-wing political positions, and vice versa: a secular self-definition is a very good predictor of dovish left-wing approaches. A vast majority of voters defining themselves as religious support the Likud and right-wing parties belonging to the Likud’s bloc. Conversely, a large (if not decisive) majority of voters defining themselves as secular vote for central and left-wing parties. In the 21st Knesset elections that took place in April 2019 it became clear that the bloc consisting of the Likud, further right-wing parties, and religious parties, have a significant structural advantage over the central-leftist bloc. The rightist bloc won 65 mandates compared with 55 for the center-left bloc (the Knesset—the Israeli parliament, has 120 seats), despite the fact that the rightist bloc lost at least five potential seats due to religious voters who supported extreme rightist parties that failed to pass the electoral threshold.
Post-Critical Ethnography
Authors: Anders Allison Daniel
Published: October 2019

Committed to research as an ethical and political practice, post-critical ethnographers work to center emic perspectives, local knowledges, and critiques in everyday languages in order to illuminate the exercise of power in the re/production of systemic inequities (e.g., economic, cultural, geographic, linguistic, political, racial, and social). Post-critical ethnographers underscore the importance of positionality and reflexivity in the practice of ethnography and pursue multiple, complicated understandings and complex representations, often experimental, in the writing and production of research. Informed by critical, interpretivist, and postmodern theories, post-critical ethnographers critique dominance, oppression, and inequity. In educational research, they choose schools, student, teacher, administrator experiences, and often local contexts to frame their research. Addressing both the particularities of experience and historical geopolitical contexts, post-critical ethnographers offer incisive analyses and ask their audiences to challenge systemic inequities and consider what could be otherwise in inequitable relations but is not yet.
Science Education in Classrooms and Qualitative Research in Latin America
Authors: Candela Antonia , Naranjo Gabriela
Published: October 2019

There are several different ways of understanding ethnography. On one extreme there are studies that use certain “ethnographic techniques” for practice observation, and on the other, there is the assumption that it is a complex theoretical-methodological framework that implies an ideological, political, and sociocultural approach, in order to describe the perspective of the participants. A third perspective seeks to broaden the understanding of the complex construction of scientific knowledge in the classroom. Surveys can unearth a clear tension between the etic and emic approaches, each one related to the theoretical-methodological allegiances of their researchers which can be modified somewhat through their findings. A future inquiry into the complex and heterogeneous contexts of Latin American classrooms can suggest a way to bridge macro with micro contexts of different socioeconomic and cultural and political conditions. Other growing topics that could be developed more thoroughly in the future are, for example, the multimodality of communication processes within the classroom, and studies on scientific education from an intercultural perspective, particularly considering the debt we have with the 50 million indigenous people in our region in taking into account their cultural perspectives and contributions to knowledge.