bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct and Indirect Freedom in Addiction: Folk free will and blame judgments are sensitive to the choice history of drug users
Authors: Taylor Matthew , Maranges Heather M. , Chen Susan K. , Vonasch Andrew
Published: March 2021

People view addiction as a source of diminished free will and free will as a requisite to moral responsibility. Accordingly, people should judge addicts as less blameworthy when they act immorally. Yet, people are also sensitive to the personal histories of moral actors, such that the way by which people became addicted may influence these judgments. That is, people’s intuitions may track two types of choices: directly free acts are volitionally unconstrained during the moment of action, whereas indirectly free acts result from temporally prior directly free acts. Across two studies (N=806), we compare people’s moral intuitions about cases in which the actor becomes addicted by force or by choice. We find that perceptions of reduced free will partially mediate an association between choice (vs. no choice) in addiction and moral blame for a bad act (Study 1). We replicate this pattern with another case, and show that blame judgments are stronger when the bad act is related (vs. unrelated) to obtaining the addictive substance (Study 2). Our work highlights that lay people evince relatively nuanced intuitions about the role of free will in addiction and morality, tracking direct and indirect freedom when doling out moral blame.
Managers' Productivity and Recruitment in the Public Sector
Authors: Muñoz Pablo , Prem Mounu
Published: March 2021

Governments face many constraints in attracting talented managers to the public sector, where high-powered incentives are often absent. In this paper, we study how a civil service reform in Chile changed the effectiveness of a vital group of public sector managers: school principals. First, we estimate principal effectiveness using an extension of the canonical teacher value-added model. Then, we evaluate the effect of the reform on principal effectiveness using a difference-in-differences approach. We find that public schools appoint more effective managers and improve their students’ outcomes after increasing the competitiveness and transparency of their selection process.
An Achaemenid Stone Bowl from Qalatga Darband: anomalous or expected?
Authors: Dusting Amanda
Published: March 2021

The fortified ruins of Parthian Qalatga Darband lie at the Darband-i Rania pass in Iraqi Kurdistan, a major thoroughfare used for millennia as a gateway to the Zagros. Its strategic position controlled passage through from the Rania plain In Mesopotamia to the Pedshar and on into Persia. Qalaga Darband has been under investigation since 2016 as part of the British Museum’s Iraq Emergency Heritage Management Training Scheme. Four seasons of survey and excavation have shown that the city was founded in the early Parthian or potentially the late Hellenistic period in the 1st century BCE. The chance find of a highly polished stone bowl fragment of Achaemenid form, on the surface of a burnt field at Qalatga Darband has prompted speculation that there may have been an as yet unattested and elusive Achaemenid presence at the site. So far no definitive ceramic evidence points to this This poster will explore the potential origins of the bowl geographically and its place in the phasing and chronological sequence at Qalatga Darband.
Spectrum of Imaging Findings in Oriental Cerebral Schistosomiasis and Their Categorization by MRI
Authors: Ghimire Prasanna , Wu Guangyao
Published: March 2021

Introduction: To describe the spectrum of imaging findings in oriental cerebral schistosomiasis and characterizing different stages by MRI.Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical and MRI images of twenty nine pathologically proven cases of neuroschistomiasis was performed. Patients with either absence of complete MR examination, previously treated patients were excluded from the study. MRI images were analyzed and lesions were evaluated for the following parameters - distribution, size, clusterity, perilesional edema, mass effect, intralesional hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic degeneration, any abnormal enhancements, any atypical features as abscess,vasculitis, infarctions, or focal atrophy and encephalomalacia.Results: Lesions were only supratentorial in 25 cases, only infratentorial in 3 cases while were both supratentorial and infratentorial in 1 case. Lesions were unilateral in 26 cases. Significant mass effect was noted in 8 cases. All nodular and mass lesions were hyperintense or isointense in T1WI while all but two lesions were hyperintense in T2WI. Lesions were predominantly as clustered nodules (12 cases). All nodules enhanced homogeneously except three that demonstrated ring like enhancement. Masses were demonstrated either homogeneous (2 cases) or heterogeneous in enhancement (2 cases). Central linear enhancement was noted in 12 cases, leptomeningeal enhancement in 10 cases while gyral enhancement was noted in 1 case.Conclusions: Radiological presentation of neuroschistosomiasis varies at different stages of infection as well as among the asymptomatic groups. Recognition of spectrum of presentation has an implied role in the overall management and outcome in cases
Сцены застолья в русских оригиналах и переводах (на материале произведений М.А. Булгакова)
Authors: Есакова Мария Николаевна , Харацидис Элефтериос
Published: March 2021

При переводе художественных произведений с одного языка на другой нередко перед переводчиком возникает ряд трудностей. Это связано, прежде всего, с различиями менталитета наций.  Особая область национального менталитета – это представления о трапезе, застольях, составляющих одну из центральных сфер жизни человека. Понимание своеобразия этих процессов является непростой задачей для переводчиков, носителей иной культуры. Сравнивая русскую, греческую и французскую традиции застолья, мы обнаруживаем множество несовпадающих элементов как в последовательности поступления блюд на стол, так и в составе блюд, в наборах посуды и сервировке стола и т.п. Именно об этих фрагментах текста, часто вызывающих вопросы у переводчиков, и пойдет речь в данной статье.
Multimodalność przekazu medialnego a przekład
Authors: Pstyga Alicja Teresa
Published: March 2021

W artykule podjęto problem przekazów multimodalnych w relacjach przekładowych. Źródłem przykładów były teksty rosyjskie – oryginały pochodzące z różnych mediów i ich przekłady na język polski opublikowane w czasopiśmie „Forum”.
Analiza wybranych przykładów pokazała, że elementy graficzne współtworzą globalny sens komunikatu, ale z reguły są one inne w komunikacie przełożonym.
Analisis Pengaruh Konfigurasi Network Address Translator (NAT) Statik Berbasis Web Menggunakan Wire Shark
Authors: Wintolo Hero , Aryanto Salam , Hafish Muhamad
Published: March 2021

Konfigurasi peralatan jaringan computer yang digunakan untuk mengelola sebuah jaringan computer  banyak yang menggunakan command line atau berbasis teks meski ada beberapa merk dari peralatan jaringan computer sudah menawarkan perangkat lunak untuk konfigurasi yang berbasis Graphical User Interface(GUI) dengan fungsi yang terbatas. Hal ini menjadi inspirasi untuk membuat perangkat lunak berbasis web untuk fungsi konfigurasi NAT statik dan dinamik.  Hasil perancangan perangkat lunak diujikan dalam Local Area Network(LAN) dan jaringan internet untuk layanan server. Perangkat lunak yang dibuat pada peneltian ini terbukti dapat bekerja untuk pembuatan NAT statik dan dinamik melalui perangkat lunak wireshark yang memperlihatkan proses penyalinan alamat IP source menjadi alamat IP router yang ada NAT statik dan dinamik sehingga dapat mengakses web server yang ada. Sebanyak 30 komputer dalam LAN dan computer dari jaringan internet 100% dapat mengkases web server melalui NAT static yang dikonfigurasi menggunakan keyboard dan mouse.
THE METHODOLOGY OF THE FORMATION OF INFORMATION CULTURE OF STUDENTS IN BIOLOGY
Authors:   master's degree student of biology, Kazakh National pedagogical University after named Abai, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Aubakir Aidana , Maimataeva Asiya ,   PhD doctor, Kazakh National pedagogical University after named Abai, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the dynamic development of information and communication technologies and their impact on the education system, as well as the importance of forming an information culture of students through the use of information technologies in biology lessons. For biological science, which is constantly updated and updated information base, the use of information technologies in the educational process is becoming more rational and acceptable. In particular, the use of a virtual laboratory, an online microscope, multimedia information systems and various animations in biology classes makes the lesson interesting and useful. Thus, with the help of systematic informatization, students can be helped to study in an open education system, toform a system of thinking and independence.This article contributes to the formation of information culture in the process of teaching and training students through information and communication technologies using new information systems in biology lessons and contributes to a more detailed understanding of the problem of Informatization of education.
ПОЛЗУЧЕСТЬПАФ-2 В СПИРТАХ
Authors:   ассоциированный проф. академический доктор, Государственный университет Акакия Церетели, г. Кутаиси, Грузия, Порчхидзе А.Д.
Published: March 2021

Is learnt PAF-2 creeping in spirts.Is shown that Metanol’sdiffusion carries as fast as in water, creeping curve in spirits is not different from creeping curve in water.Experiments that took place into spirits solutions and received curves show that if we rise spiritsconcentration it rises polymer’s creeping size and mostly is received S alike curve.
Impact of Hospitalized Nutritional Formula on Anthropometric, Clinical and Biochemical Indices among Egyptian Adult Cardio-Thoracic Critically Ill Patients: A Single Institutional Study
Authors: NS Khalil
Published: March 2021

Background: Malnutrition is a common consequence notably in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Aim of the study: was to assess the Impact of hospitalized nutritional formula on anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indices among Egyptian adult cardio-thoracic Critically Ill Patients on admission and discharge days. Methods: Totally, A convenient sample of 100 cardiothoracic patients was evaluated from admission to discharge in ICUs at Damietta Chest Disease Hospital in Egypt. The patients' anthropometric measurements, clinical data and biochemical indices were assessed As well, hospital diet prescription and intake was also evaluated. Results: High significant statistical difference patients' clinical data on admission and after one week such as body built (X2 = 52.6; p = 0.0), skin color (X2= 12.9; p = 0.02), skin turgor (X2= 13.19; p = 0.0), and occurrence of bed sore (X2= 27.7; p = 0.0). On the other hand, no significant statistical differences were found in the patients' weight and body mass index on admission and discharge (one week). Moreover, significant statistical differences were found in patients biochemical indices such as albumin (t= 3.03; p=0.003) and lymphocyte counts (3.74; p=0.000). So, the 88 % of patients showed decreased albumin after one week when compared to admission time. While, 10 % of patients showed increased lymphocytic count after one week of admission when compared to admission time. Conclusion and Recommendations: Clinical assessment, anthropometric, and biochemical indices are essential for evaluation, follow-up and management of cardiothoracic critically ill patients
Efektivitas Alokasi Dana Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Pembangunan Di Desa Pulokalapa Kecamatan Lemahabang Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Nardianto Rio , Argenti Gili , Priyanti Evi
Published: March 2021

Efektivitas Alokasi Dana Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Pembangunan Di Desa Pulokalapa Kecamatan Lemahabang

Kabupaten Karawang
Potensi Masalah Pilkada Serentak 2020 dan Kekhawatiran Masyarakat Pemilih Muda
Authors: Rahmani Aulia Azmi Nur
Published: March 2021

Dalam negara demokrasi pemilu merupakan suatu kewajiban, namun di tengah situasi pandemi terdapat potensi munculnya masalah yang dapat mencederai substansi demokrasi itu sendiri. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah memetakan kekhawatiran masyarakat dengan kelompok usia 19-24 tahun terhadap masalah demokrasi Indonesia pada masa pandemi serta mengelaborasikannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei terkait Pilkada 2020 yang dilakukan pada 100 responden. Survei terdiri dari tingkat pengetahuan mengenai teknis Pilkada,tingkat antusiasme masyarakat, dan kekhawatiran terhadap potensi masalah Pilkada 2020. Berdasarkan tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat akan teknis Pilkada 2020, diperoleh data bahwa responden sebanyak 32% tidak mengetahui sama sekali mengenai sistem maupun teknis pelaksanaan Pilkada 2020, 50% responden sedikit mengetahui teknis pelaksanaan Pilkada, dan 18% responden telah mengetahui teknis pelaksanaan Pilkada. Berdasarkan tingkat antusiasme masyarakat terhadap Pilkada 2020, diperoleh data bahwa sebanyak 45% responden belum memutuskan akan melakukan pencoblosan atau tidak, 40% akan tetap melakukan pencoblosan,  12% tidak peduli dengan pelaksanaan pilkada, dan 3% menyatakan tidak akan melakukan pencoblosan karena takut terhadap penularan virus Covid-19. Berdasarkan tingkat kekhawatiran masyarakat terhadap potensi timbulnya masalah baru dalam Pilkada 2020, diperoleh data bahwa responden sebanyak 76% orang khawatir akan praktik money politic berkedok bantuan Covid-19, 69% khawatir akan muncul cluster virus baru, 68% khawatir terhadap berkurangnya jumlah pemilih, dan 11% sisanya khawatir akan permasalahan lain. Dengan mengidentifikasi dan mengelaborasikan potensi masalah, maka memungkinkan dilakukannya tindakan preventif sehingga kerugian yang disebabkan oleh permasalahan terkait dapat diminimalisir.
Масова безпритульність дітей України в роки Голодомору-геноциду 1932–1933 рр.
Authors: Батюк Ірина
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article. Based on a comprehensive analysis of archives, published documents, and materials, as well as current historical studies, the phenomenon of mass child homelessness in Ukraine during the Holodomor-Genocide which organized by the Russian communist regime in 1932–1933s is highlighted. The aim of the article is to analyze the activities of state authorities and their commissions in assisting homeless children in the process of overcoming this tragic social phenomenon. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific (analysis and synthesis), special and historical (problem-chronological, historical-systematic) methods and principles of scientificity and historicism. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author first attempted a systematic analysis of the mass child homelessness and death caused by the authorities for the first time in the history of Ukraine during the Holodomor-Genocide. Conclusions. We can state that almost all of the activities of state authorities to overcome mass starvation and homelessness of children and adolescents during the Holodomor-Genocide of 1932–1933s consisted in overcoming street homelessness as a social phenomenon by removing children from the streets, placing them in unsuitable premises due to a lack of residential care facilities, returning them to families or placing them under collective and individual foster care. Such measures only partially served to improve the situation of a tiny proportion of children, but could not address the issue fundamentally, since it was not a primary concern of the Stalin’s regime itself. After all, the main reason for the growth of homelessness was the mass starvation of the Ukrainian peasants caused by his anti-human policy of liquidating the Ukrainian peasantry through mass repression and terror and plundering food by the so-called “dekulakization”, which implied the physical destruction of the peasant and his descendants and further enslavement of those who remained, and driving them into collective farms.
Церковні братства в громадсько-політичному та етноконфесійному житті XVI–XVII ст. у світлі української історіографії
Authors: Менько Василь
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to investigate features of lightning in the works of Ukrainian researchers of the XIX- at the beginning XXI cc. of participation of Orthodox church fraternities, which existed on the territory of Ukraine, in ethno-confessional and socio-political life of the Commonwealth, their activities for the benefit of preservation of national and religious identity. Research methodology: the work is based on general scientific principles of historism, comprehensiveness, systemetic and etc. Various general scientific methods in particular analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparison, systemization were used in the work. Special-historical methods such as historical-comparative, historical-typilogical, historical-chronological and others were applied. Scientific novelty of the research is that the special review of domestic historiography of participation of church fraternities in processes of ethno-confessional and socio-political life on Ukrainian lands during XVI-XVII cc. were carried on in the modern domestic science for the first time. Conclusions: The considered scientific achievement of Ukrainian researchers testifies great interest of researches of the XIX- at the beginning XXI cc. to the problems of participation of Orthodox church fraternities, which existed on the territory of Ukraine, in ethno-confessional and socio-political life of the XVI-XVII cc. Significant influence on the interpretation of scientists in various processes of domestic policy, national and religious life of the Commonwealth carried out the ideological beliefs of individual scholars. For example, such were ideas of muscoviteism, through the prism of which a lot of Galician researchers investigated history. Especially noticeable are the influences of political conditions that have imposed on researches certain historiographical patterns. In particular such approaches should be noted in the works of historians who worked under the pressure of the Soviet totalitarian system.
THE RESPONSIVENESS OF TOMATO CULTIVAR «SPOCK» ON THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS
Authors: Pastukhova A. V. , Petrov A. F. , Tsvetkova V. P. , Maslenikova V. S.
Published: March 2021

The results of studying the influence of various biological and mineral fertilizers (Phytop 8.1, Phytop 8.67, AFG) on the yield and quality of fruits of the indeterminate Spock tomato variety are presented. During the study, phenological and morphological observations, accounting and evaluation of the quality of the obtained fruits, and analysis of the chemical composition of the fruits were carried out. The obtained data confirmed the positive impact of the use of biological preparations and nitrogen-containing fertilizers on the structure and quality of the resulting tomato crop, which will allow us to recommend methods and norms for applying fertilizer during the growing season.
PECULIARITIES OF POST-FIRM REHABILITATION PIGLES DEPENDING ON THE SEASON OF BIRTH
Authors: Efanova N. V. , Osina L. M. , Batalova S. V.
Published: March 2021

The features of the rehabilitation of the immune system of piglets after weaning were studied in connection with different seasons of farrowing. To fulfill this goal, 4 groups were formed from the offspring of sows of the SM-1 breed of Novosibirsk selection. The 1st group included piglets from winter farrowings, and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups, respectively, young animals born in spring, summer and autumn. Each group consisted of 30 animals. Studies of indicators of the immune status were carried out before weaning and 30 days after weaning. Weaning of piglets from sows with their subsequent regrouping in the educational farm «Tulinskoye» is carried out at the age of 60 days. The research results have shown that the state of the immune status of 2- and 3-month-old pigs is seasonal. Piglets born in autumn show the best indicators of leukopoiesis, T-, B-lymphopoiesis, the formation of functionally mature T-lymphocytes, activated T-lymphocytes and antitelogenesis. The second position in terms of the intensity of leukopoiesis, antitelogenesis and B-lymphopoiesis is occupied by young animals born in summer. Piglets raised in winter differ from their peers in a low level of IgM synthesis, while piglets born in spring have the lowest total numbers of T-lymphocytes, T-helper inductors, T-killer suppressors, B-lymphocytes and IgG. A month after weaning, animals, regardless of the season of birth, showed a statistically significant decrease in T-lymphopoiesis. The activity of the T-link of the immune system decreased most significantly in young animals obtained in spring. However, in contrast to their peers, youngsters born in the spring showed a statistically significant increase in blood IgM and IgG concentrations. In piglets born in winter, summer and autumn, the activity of IgM synthesis, on the contrary, decreased, while the formation of IgG remained at the same level.
THE APPLICATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN LIVESTOCK AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FEED ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Miroshnikov P. N. , Zhuchaev K. V.
Published: March 2021

The applying of antibiotics in animal husbandry leads to the spread of antimicrobial resistant pathogens among domestic animals, which are subsequently transmitted to humans through the food chain. The analysis of literature data on the results of the study of phytochemicals of plant origin in the form of essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants as one of the possible alternatives to feed antibiotics is presented. Such additives should reduce the incidence of animals by inhibiting pathogenic microflora, provide the animal with a larger amount of energy and nutrients by reducing the bacterial load in the intestine, reduce internal inflammatory processes by improving the immune system, and should be economically beneficial. A review of scientific studies showed that essential oils do have bactericidal properties, but their effect on the productive performance of animals still requires further research. Differences in animal productivity when using essential oils may be due to researchers using different doses, different test conditions (especially climatic conditions), and possible synergistic and antagonistic properties of essential oils with other feed substances.
SAFETY OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS USED IN FOOD SYSTEMS
Authors: Naumova N. L. , Betz Yu. A.
Published: March 2021

The developed fortified products contain ingredients that are widely studied for a strictly defined set of macro-and micro-components that are deficient for the human body. However, the presence of additional unregulated elements in the enriching raw materials is not fully studied. In this context, the issue of a comprehensive study of not only the nutritional value, but also the element composition of raw materials that increase the nutritional density of the enriched product is relevant. The aim of the research was to study the safety and chemical composition of plant raw materials used to increase the nutrient density of food systems. Freeze-dried ground apples produced by PJSC Sibirsky gostinets (Pskov region, Moglino village) and Brazil nut kernels produced by Comservice LLC (Moscow region, Mytishchi) were used as research objects. It is established that the studied plant materials are safe for human health in terms of their elemental composition and microbiological indicators. The study of food density showed that ground apples did not correspond to the declared levels of protein and fat by 45,2 and 96,2%, respectively. However, Apple powder has a relatively high content of mineral elements Mo, Na, Si, Ga, B, sugar, starch, dietary fiber and organic acids, Brazil nut kernels-Mg, Se, Cu, P, CA, Mn, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, protein and lipids.
VETERINARY AND SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY CONTROL OF CITRUS FRUIT
Authors: Burmistrova O. M. , Naumova N. L. , Betz Yu. A.
Published: March 2021

The modern Russian market is represented by a wide range of exotic types of plant products imported from different countries. Currently, there are more frequent cases when in fruits and vegetables there is an increased content of nitrates and toxic elements. Exotic types of plant products sold on food markets are allowed for sale only after passing veterinary and sanitary control in the State laboratories of veterinary and sanitary examination. The aim of the research was the veterinary and phytosanitary control of citrus fruits sold on the commodity market of the Chelyabinsk region. As the objects of research used fresh tangerines, oranges and pomelo, sold in the «Central Market» of Troitsk, Chelyabinsk region. It was found that only the labeling of the studied mandarin samples was complete and in accordance with the regulated requirements of the State Standard 51074–2003, Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 022/2011 and 005/2011. The organoleptic and physical characteristics of the tested samples were in accordance with the rules of the Rules for Veterinary Sanitary Expertise of Plant Food Products in the Veterinary Sanitary Expertise Laboratories of the Markets and the applicable State Standards – 4428–82, 4427–82, 34307–2017. Fresh tangerines, oranges and pomelo were safe for the content of lead, cadmium and nitrates in accordance with the norms of the Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.3.2.1078–01 and Technical Regulation of the Customs Union 021/2011. However, the amounts of lead and cadmium were more detected in the pulp, and the amount of nitrates was the same in the pulp and in the peel of citrus fruits.
Quality and safety management of bakery semi-finished products based on HACCP
Authors: Mazalevsky V. B. , Motovilov O. K.
Published: March 2021

One of the main responsibilities of food industry organizations is to provide the population with safe food. The HACCP system allows us to anticipate and prevent errors through phased control of the technological chain of production, which is why it is recognized as a key part of food safety management practice in the global food industry. To ensure the safety and quality of the innovative bakery semi-finished product, the HACCP plan was developed, during which a product description was compiled, the main dangers, critical control points and corrective actions were identified. A feature of the developed bakery semi-finished product is the processing of the recipe mixture using a mechanoacoustic homogenizer. The HACCP system was developed according to the method described in GOST R 51705.1-2001 and GOST R ISO 9001-2015 using the “decision tree”. Each operation of the flowchart was analyzed to determine if there was a critical control point. As a result, four critical control points were identified in the following technological operations: mechanoacoustic treatment of the recipe, fermentation, packaging and labeling, storage.
The prevention of stress with feed additive tseaur
Authors: Sinicyn V. A. , Donchenko O. A. , Avdeenko A. V.
Published: March 2021

The influence of the zeaur feed additive on the egg productivity of chickens under stress and without it is considered. Presents cieaura and given their characteristics. The results of application in poultry farming in various forms of administration are presented.
Ciudadanía ambiental y movimientos ambientales en el México contemporáneo
Authors: Richard Analiese M.
Published: March 2021

El aumento de los conflictos ambientales ha coincidido con la criminalización de la protesta y de los movimientos sociales en general, revelando una creciente tensión entre la ciudadanía y el desarrollo capitalista. Este artículo analiza la relación entre los movimientos ambientales mexicanos y el concepto de la ciudadanía ambiental. A través de un recorrido breve por la historia de los movimientos ambientales en México en las últimas décadas, se indaga cómo las luchas ambientales llegan a inscribirse en el discurso de la ciudadanía. Finalmente, se considera la manera en que se ha transformado el imaginario político en torno al medio ambiente.
ESTABLISHMENT OF CAUSE-AND-ACTION RELATION BETWEEN DEFECTS OF MEDICAL TREATMENT AND FATALITY
Authors: Hovsepyan A. , Hovhannesyan R. , Mkhitaryan K.
Published: March 2021

The issues of identifying cause-and-effect relation (CAER) between professional violations of medical workers and the following harm to health or fatality of a patient are quite complex, insufficiently studied and covered in available domestic scientific and medical publications. This article deals with the issues of identifying and determining CAER between defects in medical treatment (MT) and fatality. The object of the study were the 177 opinions of forensic panel examination (FPE) on the archival material of the forensic medical examination department of the «National Bureau of Expertises» of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia for the period from 2013 to 2018.
In order to analyze the structure of defects of MT, we classified them as follows: diagnostics defects; defects of treatment; defects in organization of medical treatment; defects in medical record-keeping.
According to the opinions of the 177 FPE, in 132 (74.6%) cases, various defects while MT were detected, and in 45 (25.4%), they were not registered. According to the 132 opinions of the FPE, 250 defects while MT were recorded. Diagnostics defects (34.8%) and treatment defects (31.2%) were most common, and defects in the organization of MT (12.0%) were less common.
In the presence of defects while MT in 30.3% of cases, CAER was revealed between the frequency of defects while MT and the probability of fatality. The probability of fatality was most affected by defects in diagnosis and treatment. Thus, the relative risk was 2.41 at 95% CI (confidence interval) from 1.31% to 4.44% and 15.65 at 95% CI from 5.01% to 48.87%, accordingly.
PREPARATIONS OF FORENSIC PERSONNEL TRAINING IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Kataraga O.
Published: March 2021

The article considers the problems of professional training of forensic experts in conditions of modern legal proceedings based on the analysis of forensic activity of the Republic of Moldova and other neighboring countries for the period of 19912019. The peculiarities of expert personnel training are clarified, as well as the importance of a rational approach to the process in order to ensure an effective expert practice and affect the modern legal proceedings in general. Based on the definition of forensic examination as a complex procedural action, taking into account the semantic load of the term “specialized knowledge” used while court proceedings, as well as the same term “specialized knowledge” in its general interpretation, the author’s vision of the stages of forensic personnel training is proposed. The article defines that, while ongoing professional training the expert masters new achievements of relevant sciences, fields of technology, accumulates new knowledge, practical skills and abilities required for the successful performance of functional duties in his/her position. It is noted that in some countries of the world, ongoing training of forensic experts is obligatory and provided at the legislative level.

Thus, the scientific article focuses on a clear delineation of the mentioned concepts. The stages of the process of forensic personnel training and its types are defined, as well as the scientific links of specialized training processes within the scope of higher education and professional training of forensic experts, which is the most crucial factor at the present stage in terms of a proper understanding of knowledge requirements that a forensic expert should possess in the present conditions.
REGARDING SCENARIO APPROACH AND ITS PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Lytvynov O. , Hladkova Y.
Published: March 2021

The current stage of criminological science development is characterized by increased attention of scholars and practitioners to the possibilities of scenario thinking. The main reason for applying scenario approach is the need to choose the method of action in a specific problem situation, to rationalize decisions while minimizing the risks. The conditions for the application of this method, including the field of combating crime, are its temporary and resource-based economy, simplicity of perception of scenario information, which does not require quantitative assessment of future events, the construction of mathematical models, etc. The specificity of the indicated approach consists in the simultaneous consideration of several development options with the opportunities and risks characteristic for each of them, with subjective and objective, internal and external factors, criteria and indicators. The analysis of the risk component plays the key role: most risks with timely and adequate attention lose their fatal nature and can serve to reveal new opportunities. The development of alternative future situations is an important stage of work, the content and quality of the scenarios depend on this. Based on several scenarios, one can develop an integrated strategy that works in all scenarios and ensures minimization of the risk regardless of the realization of future events.
The main barriers to the widespread adoption of the scenario approach in the practice of combating crime are the following factors: 1) the objectively existing predominance of pessimistic scenarios in their total mass; 2) the lag of science from the needs of law enforcement practice, which, in turn, is late in responding to crime transformations; 3) subjective rejection of individual scientific and methodological innovations by managers and law enforcement officials; 4) the complicacy of conducting complex interdisciplinary research; 5) outermost subjection to impacts caused by public authorities actions; 6) the presence of an irrational component in the crime system.
SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT OF FORENSIC ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Petrova I.
Published: March 2021

Today staff is a key resource that ensures the effectiveness of organization functioning in all areas of activities, therefore its development is an integral part of the organization’s overall strategy. The staff development management system of forensic institutions is based on a set of methods that will ensure the solution of tasks in the field of personnel development, as well as staff’s education, further training, and career advancement. The analysis of foreign and domestic scientific works will enhance the improvement of the terminology that reflects the essence of the management process of workers’ performance in an organization,namely: human resources management, human-factor management, labor management, personnel policy, personnel work, etc .; their detailed characteristic is provided.
The formation of a high-quality and stable staff of a forensic institution is a purposefully selected and organized set of activities and relations between them, which is aimed at improving the efficiency of staff development management in accordance with the institution’s goals. Special attention is paid to the fact that the quality characteristic of staff are those signs that characterize the complex of consumer properties of staff to effective work; quantitative characteristic of staff include the following indicators: qualification, age, work experience, computer skills, knowledge of foreign languages, etc. It is proved that staff development management of a forensic institution always contributes to the effective use of the labor potential of each worker as an individual by increasing his social and professional mobility, whereas vocational training contributes to the general intellectual development of the worker, expands his/her erudition and social circle, strengthens his/her self-confidence. The main tasks of planning and organizing staff development management of forensic institutions are outlined.
A priority issue for increasing the level of staff development of a forensic institution should be acknowledged the internship and further training at leading higher education institutions or scientific institutions, as today technologies and equipment are updating rapidly, therefore, the knowledge that was obtained earlier is gradually becoming obsolete and needed to be constantly updated.
DIRECTIONS OF APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF STAFFING OF FORENSIC INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Hasparian S.
Published: March 2021

The article stipulates that national forensic examination can not exist in isolation, only within a single state, it is essential for forensic institutions to promote international cooperation in order to exchange experience, take into consideration modern achievements of science and technology, create specialized areas for expert research. It is stressed that forensic institutions of Ukraine have chosen the path of joining the communities of international forensic institutions, making it possible to improve staffing. The author noted that the purpose of the community of European forensic institutions is to promote: science and research in the field of forensic science; international cooperation in the field of forensic activities; quality of expert research and competence of forensic experts; education and training of forensic experts; developments in forensic science. 
It is emphasized that the realization of integration of forensic activities, as a result, always aims at harmonizing and improving expert legislation, deepening the theoretical foundations of forensic science, developing of common guidelines for different types of examinations, obtaining international recognition of expert opinion in general, further developing of forensic science, improving professional skills of the staff of forensic institutions.
It is proved that as a result of the analysis of foreign experience of forensic institutions staffing the following directions of its possible implementation in Ukraine were suggested, such as: development of the European model of ensuring maximum independence and competition of forensic experts; intensification and expansion of participation in the international network of forensic institutions; focus on the training of forensic experts from the «children’s university» on the basis of higher education institutions, which also provide for appropriate internship programs; practice of experts training according to corresponding program under the guidance of a mentor from among highly qualified forensic experts; application of the combined extraordinary certification of forensic experts in case of reasonable doubts as to the required level of professional training, etc.
ON THE QUESTION OF DETERMINING THE COST OF PAINTWORK OF WHEELED VEHICLES WITH ELEMENTS OF AIRBRUSHING
Authors: Mykhalskyi О. , Kiriakov S. , Fokin D.
Published: March 2021

This article outlines problematic issues in determining the cost of paintwork of wheeled vehicles with elements of airbrushing. Options of applying patterns on the auto parts of the body depending on their complexity and the possibility of reapplication are considered. Ways of calculating the number of man-hours on airbrushing work are taken out, namely tabular data on already existing methodological recommendations as well as alternative, more accurate ways of calculating standard time are suggested, which at most reflect real costs, both for the time spent on airbrushing drawing, and on the amount of materials accordingly.
Cyclic carbonates of rapeseed methyl esters as monomers for urethane composites
Authors:   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Hudzenko N.V. , Grishchenko V.K. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Barantsova A.V. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Busko N.A. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Falchenko Z.V. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The two-stage synthesis of cyclic carbonates based on methyl esters of fatty acids from rapeseed oil is characterized. The first stage involves the synthesis of epoxides by the reaction of unsaturated methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids with hydrogen peroxide, orthophosphoric and acetic acids. The second step is a carbonization reaction, which was carried out by passing carbon dioxide through the reactive mixture in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide as a catalyst. A reactive oligourethane based on cyclocarbonates cyclic carbonates of rapeseed fatty acids and piperazine was synthesized by the non-isocyanate method via the interaction of cyclocarbonate group with the amino group of piperazine. Polymer composites based on synthesized cyclocarbonates, epoxides and amines of different chemical nature were prepared and studied. Thus, there is a possibility of regulating the physical and mechanical properties of epoxyurethane composites.
Applying network simulation tools in learning process
Authors: Podsadnikov A. V. , Rozov K. V. , Kratov S. V.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of professional training of university students in the field of computer networks in the absence of specialized laboratories. The solution to this problem is the use of computer networks simulation tools. The authors presented thematic plan for studying the discipline ≪Computer networks and the Internet≫. The article considers domestic and foreign experience of using computer networks simulation tools. Based on the eight criteria identified by the authors, the analysis was carried out of the most popular software in the academic environment for computer networks modeling: Cisco Packet Tracer, GNS3, NS-3, EVE-NG, OMNeT++. As a result of the analysis and comparison, it was concluded that the Cisco Packet Tracer software product is the most preferred modeling environment in the conditions of a pedagogical university. The example of using the Cisco Packet Tracer modeling system within the training course ≪Computer networks and the Internet≫ is given, demonstrating the solution of a practice-oriented problem. The example shows the possibility of simulating switching, server, user equipment in the Cisco Packet Tracer environment; the ability to work with wireless networks. The principles of setting up server hardware and related software are considered.
PREVALENCE AND PATTERNS OF ACUTE WATERY DIARRHOEAL ADMISSIONS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN SOUTH-EAST, NIGERIA
Authors: Ofora Victoria Chikodili , Elo-Ilo Jacinta Chinyere , Mbachu Chioma Pauline , Ofiaeli Ogochukwu Chioma , Ebenebe Joy Chinelo , Ezechukwu Clement Chukwuduruo
Published: March 2021

Background: Globally, acute watery diarrhea (AWD) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. It is the fourth leading cause of death in children contributing as high as 11% of all childhood deaths. In Nigeria, AWD causes 240,106 under five deaths per year despite the interventions aimed at preventing diarrhoea disease. 
Objective: This work was to determine the prevalence and patterns of acute watery diarrhoeal admissions among children presenting to Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Anambra state, Nigeria.
Methods and Materials: This was an observational study. Children aged 6-36 months, admitted for acute watery diarrhea, who met inclusion criteria and whose caregivers gave informed consent. The caregivers of these children were interviewed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Information obtained included socio-demography (age, gender, social class among others), symptoms of diarrhoea, duration of illness and medications given to these children at home. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the159 study participants admitted for AWD, 103(65.0%) were males. Those of lower socio-economic class comprised 66.6%(106) while 49(30.6%) and 4(2.8%) belonged to the middle and upper socio-economic classes respectively. A total of 921 inpatients were admitted for the period of the study (January 2017 to October 2017), giving an AWD prevalence of 17.3%(159).
The highest number of admissions occurred from January to March 2017, with highest prevalence in March. There is poor utilization of oral rehydration solution (40.3%; 64) with abuse of antibiotics in the home management of diarrhea.
Conclusion and recommendations: The result of this study showed that the prevalence of AWD is still unacceptably high. Interventions aimed at prevention (such as promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, health education on hand and environmental hygiene, and inclusion of rota virus and cholera vaccine in our national program on immunisation etc) should be encouraged and strengthened by the policy makers and monitored for proper uptake by the populace.
Key words: Prevalence, Acute watery diarrhoea, children, Admissions
Exploration on the Construction of Teaching Materials in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Nie Wenyan
Published: March 2021

The construction of teaching materials is a basic and necessary part of the education and teaching work in higher vocational colleges. At present, there are several problems in the organization, compilation, and publication link of teaching materials for higher vocational colleges. In response to these problems, corresponding countermeasures are proposed.
Peningkatan Akurasi pada Prediksi Beban Listrik Menggunakan Metode Moving Average
Authors: Yuniarti Erliza , Wardiman Wardiman , Wirangga Wirangga , Alfarezi Bengawan
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses improving the accuracy of electrical load forecasting by imputation on empty load data. It is important to estimate the demand for electricity loads for the power plant operating system, fuel supply and maintenance of the power system. The forecast of the electrical load is carried out on the basis of the historical data of electrical load which is generally represented in the load curve. The load curves in research at the Singkarak substation Borang show that there are several load patterns, some missing data and data that is suddenly increasing. The percentage of blank data in 2015 was 1.8379%, while   the highest  in September at was 0.5137% or 45 hours. To fill in the missing data, three imputation techniques were used,   i.e., filling in the data from the previous day's data at the same time ; perform regression analysis on the month  the data was missing; and using the mean values from  monthly data. The results of forecast using the moving average method provide a forecast of the  electrical load on January 1, 2016 wll be 138 kW. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for the best load forecast is 9.59, using a data set equipped with the imputation of the mean.
Estimasi Emisi Kendaraan Bermotor dan Tampakan Lumut Kerak untuk Memprediksi Paparan Traffic-Related Air Pollution pada Sekolah Dasar di Kota Kendari
Authors: Sumarlin Sumarlin , Ndibale Wa , Utu La , Sari Karmila
Published: March 2021

Increasing the number of vehicles in Kendari could has the potential to increase TRAP exposure in elementary schools located on the side of the highway. The purpose of this study was to describe the emission load of vehicles, the appearance of lichens and to predict exposure to TRAP in Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) on the side of the highway in Kendari City. This study uses a quantitative approach, survey methods with sampling techniques in three different locations. The results showed that the emission burden of vehicles at SDN 6 Kendari and SDN 25 Kendari was higher, the percentage of lichens present was lower and the appearance was duller than SDN 92 Kendari. This condition can be predicted as an initial indication of a decline in air quality at that location due to periodic exposure to TRAP.