bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive healing of stress-induced dynamic cracks in a metal-organic framework membrane using nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yuecheng , Ban Yujie , Hu Ziyi , Yang Weishen
Published: July 2024

Dewatering of aqueous azeotropes is crucial and pervasive in raw chemical refineries and solvent recovery in the chemical industry but is recognized as one of the most energy-intensive processes. Pervaporation using crystalline molecular sieve membranes provides an energy-efficient solution, but stress loads stemming from thermal and mechanical risks of pervaporation are most likely to cause membrane cracks, which greatly reduces reliability of membranes in real-world applications. Here, we propose adaptive healing of stress-induced dynamic cracks (AHSDC) in the membrane in a risk-responding manner before separation by using in situ–formed nanoparticles in the same chemical environment. These nanoparticles naturally filled in fissure gaps once cracks formed in the membrane, forming adaptive healing zones. Without loss of dewatering capacity, the separation durability of the membrane after AHSDC was improved by at least two orders of magnitude. The membrane also exhibited tolerance to industrial-grade azeotropes that epitomize industrial multisource nature and complexity.
Bulk photovoltaic effect and high mobility in the polar 2D semiconductor SnP
2
Se
6
Authors: Sangwan Vinod K. , Chica Daniel G. , Chu Ting-Ching , Cheng Matthew , Quintero Michael A. , Hao Shiqiang , Mead Christopher E. , Choi Hyeonseon , Zu Rui , Sheoran Jyoti , He Jingyang , Liu Yukun , Qian Eric , Laing Craig C. , Kang Min-A , Gopalan Venkatraman , Wolverton Chris , Dravid Vinayak P. , Lauhon Lincoln J. , Hersam Mark C. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: July 2024

The growth of layered 2D compounds is a key ingredient in finding new phenomena in quantum materials, optoelectronics, and energy conversion. Here, we report SnP
2
Se
6
, a van der Waals chiral (
R
3 space group) semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of 1.36 to 1.41 electron volts. Exfoliated SnP
2
Se
6
flakes are integrated into high-performance field-effect transistors with electron mobilities >100 cm
2
/Vs and on/off ratios >10
6
at room temperature. Upon excitation at a wavelength of 515.6 nanometer, SnP
2
Se
6
phototransistors show high gain (>4 × 10
4
) at low intensity (≈10
−6
W/cm
2
) and fast photoresponse (< 5 microsecond) with concurrent gain of ≈52.9 at high intensity (≈56.6 mW/cm
2
) at a gate voltage of 60 V across 300-nm-thick SiO
2
dielectric layer. The combination of high carrier mobility and the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure results in a strong intrinsic bulk photovoltaic effect; under local excitation at normal incidence at 532 nm, short circuit currents exceed 8 mA/cm
2
at 20.6 W/cm
2
.
Robot behavior that can adapt to user interaction
Authors: Yashinski Melisa
Published: July 2024

Artificial neuroendocrine system responds to interaction with users and modulates robot behavior.
Mapping the functional B-cell epitopes of
Shigella
invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD)
Authors: Li Siqi , Zhang Weiping
Published: July 2024

Shigella
bacteria utilize the type III secretion system (T3SS) to invade host cells and establish local infection. Invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD), a component of
Shigella
T3SS, has garnered extensive interest as a vaccine target, primarily due to its pivotal role in the
Shigella
invasion, immunogenic property, and a high degree of conservation across
Shigella
species and serotypes. Currently, we are developing an epitope- and structure-based multivalent vaccine against shigellosis and require functional epitope antigens of key
Shigella
virulence determinants including IpaD. However, individual IpaD B-cell epitopes, their contributions to the overall immunogenicity, and functional activities attributing to bacteria invasion have not been fully characterized. In this study, we predicted continuous B-cell epitopes
in silico
and fused each epitope to a carrier protein. Then, we immunized mice intramuscularly with each epitope fusion protein, examined the IpaD-specific antibody responses, and measured antibodies from each epitope fusion for the activity against
Shigella
invasion
in vitro
. Data showed that all epitope fusion proteins induced similar levels of anti-IpaD IgG antibodies in mice, and differences were noted for antibody inhibition activity against
Shigella
invasion. IpaD epitope 1 (SPGGNDGNSV), IpaD epitope 2 (LGGNGEVVLDNA), and IpaD epitope 5 (SPNNTNGSSTET) induced antibodies significantly better in inhibiting invasion from
Shigella flexneri
2a, and epitopes 1 and 5 elicited antibodies more effectively at preventing invasion of
Shigella sonnei
. These results suggest that IpaD epitopes 1 and 5 can be the IpaD representative antigens for epitope-based polyvalent protein construction and protein-based cross-protective
Shigella
vaccine development.

IMPORTANCE

Shigella
is a leading cause of diarrhea in children younger than 5 years in developing countries (children’s diarrhea) and continues to be a major threat to public health. No licensed vaccines are currently available against the heterogeneous
Shigella
species and serotype strains. Aiming to develop a cross-protective multivalent vaccine against shigellosis and dysentery, we applied novel multiepitope fusion antigen (MEFA) technology to construct a broadly immunogenic polyvalent protein antigen, by presenting functional epitopes of multiple
Shigella
virulence determinants on a backbone protein. The functional IpaD epitopes identified from this study will essentially allow us to construct an optimal polyvalent
Shigella
immunogen, leading to the development of a cross-protective vaccine against shigellosis (and dysentery) and the improvement of global health. In addition, identifying functional epitopes from heterogeneous virulence determinants and using them as antigenic representatives for the development of cross-protective multivalent vaccines can be applied generally in vaccine development.
Detection of a parvovirus and a beak and feather disease virus genome sequence from rose-ringed parakeet (
Psittacula krameri
)
Authors: Sarker Subir , Talukder Saranika
Published: July 2024

This study reports a genome of psittaciform chaphamaparvovirus 4 (PsChPV-4) and a beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) detected in fecal materials of rose-ringed parakeet. The genomes of PsChPV-4 and BFDV were 4,304 and 2,009 bp long, respectively, and both genomes possessed a genomic structure consistent with their respective genera.
Annotated draft genome sequences of
Mucor flavus
KT1a and
Helicostylum pulchrum
KT1b strains isolated from dry-aged beef surface
Authors: Hosono Misa , Torimaru Midori , Fukuda Kenji , Mikami Nana , Toyotome Takahito
Published: July 2024

Mucor flavus
KT1a and
Helicostylum pulchrum
KT1b were isolated and identified in our earlier study as the two dominant fungal species on dry-aged beef. In this study, we report their genome sequences and annotations.
Genomic sequencing of 10 spore-forming
Bacilli
strains isolated from zoo-dwelling mice
Authors: Hashuel Rachel , Gutman Eran , Litvak Yael
Published: July 2024

We present the genomic sequences of 10 spore-forming bacteria from the
Bacillaceae
family isolated from fecal samples of mice residing in the Tisch Family Biblical Zoo, Jerusalem. These isolates suggest Bacillus bacteria are a native component of rodent gut flora, facilitating further research into gut colonization and microbiome diversity.
Relict soil evidence for post-Miocene aridification in the Atacama Desert of South America
Authors: Amundson Ronald , Heimsath Arjun , Jungers Matt , Balan Simona , Ebeling Angela , Nishiizumi Kunihiko , Ewing Stephanie , Shuster David , Caffee Marc W. , Pfeiffer Marco , Dietrich William E.
Published: July 2024

Deep exposures of soil profiles on Miocene or Mio-Pliocene alluvial deposits were studied along a 500 km N-S transect in the Atacama Desert. These ancient deposits, with excellent surface preservation, now stand many meters above a broad incised Plio-Pleistocene alluvial terrain. Total geochemical analyses and mass balance calculations allowed the establishment of elemental gains, losses, and redistribution in the soils. From north to south (presently hyperarid to arid), the ancient soils reveal an increase in losses of rock-forming elements (Si, Al, Fe, K, Mg). Additionally, rare earth elements (REE) show losses with increasing southerly latitude and systematic patterns with soil depth. Some REEs appear to be unique chemical tracers of exogenous dust and aerosol additions to the soils. The removal of major elements and REEs is impossible in the present climate (one of salt and dust accumulation), revealing that for a significant period following the deposition of the alluvium, soils were exposed to rainfall, chemical weathering, and mass loss—with a geographical pattern that mirrors the present rainfall gradient in the region. Following the cessation of weathering, the pre-weathered soils have undergone enormous dust and salt accumulations, with the rates and types of salt accumulation consistent with latitude: (1) carbonate in the south and (2) sulfate, chlorides, and nitrates to the north. The quantity, and apparent rates, of salt accumulation have a strong latitudinal trend. Isotopes of sulfate have predictable depth patterns based on isotope fractionation via vertical reaction and transport. The relict hyperarid soils are geochemically similar to buried Miocene soils (ca. 10–9 Ma) in the region, but they differ from older Miocene soils, which formed in more humid conditions. The overall soil record for the Atacama Desert appears to be the product of changes in Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures over time, and resulting changes in rainfall. The mid-Miocene was relatively humid based on buried soil chemistry and evidence of fluvial activity. The mid to late Miocene cooling (ca. 10–5.5 Ma) appears to have aridified the region based on paleosol soil chemistry. Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene conditions caused weathering of the relict soils examined here, and regional fluvial activity. Since the earliest Pleistocene, the region has largely experienced the accumulation of salts and, except for smaller scale oscillations (glacial-interglacial), has experienced protracted hyperaridity.
Unraveling the enigma: FATWO and its clinicopathologic implications
Authors: Khastgir Gaurav , Siwatch Sujata , Jain Vanita , Gupta Nalini
Published: July 2024

Female Adnexal Tumour of probable Wolffian Origin (FATWO) is a rare gynaecological neoplasm of low malignant potential believed to originate from mesonephric remnants. Its rarity, non-specific presentation, histological heterogeneity and ill-defined radiological features make diagnosing them challenging.

A female in her 60s presented with history of lower abdominal pain for 2 years. Her gynaecological history was unremarkable, with smooth menopausal transition. Pelvic examination revealed a firm, solid mass in the right adnexa. Imaging was suggestive of a right adnexal mass measuring 6×9×7 cm. She underwent staging laparotomy thereafter. Intraoperatively, an 8×8 cm solid, fibrous mass was noted. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry showed tumour cells with focal gyriform pattern positive for calretinin and WT-1 (Wilms Tumour -1) leading to a diagnosis of FATWO. She was kept on regular follow-up and no manifestations of recurrence were noted. Five years later, she is doing well.
Characterising the refractive error in paediatric patients with congenital stationary night blindness: a multicentre study
Authors: Igelman Austin D , White Elizabeth , Tayyib Alaa , Everett Lesley , Vincent Ajoy , Heon Elise , Zeitz Christina , Michaelides Michel , Mahroo Omar A , Katta Mohamed , Webster Andrew , Preising Markus , Lorenz Birgit , Khateb Samer , Banin Eyal , Sharon Dror , Luski Shahar , Van Den Broeck Filip , Leroy Bart Peter , De Baere Elfride , Walraedt Sophie , Stingl Katarina , Kuehlewein Laura , Kohl Susanne , Reith Milda , Fulton Anne , Raghuram Aparna , Meunier Isabelle , Dollfus Hélène , Aleman Tomas S , Bedoukian Emma C , O'Neil Erin C , Krauss Emily , Vincent Andrea , Jordan Charlotte , Iannaccone Alessandro , Sen Parveen , Sundaramurthy Srilekha , Nagasamy Soumittra , Balikova Irina , Casteels Ingele , Borooah Shyamanga , Yassin Shaden , Nagiel Aaron , Schwartz Hillary , Zanlonghi Xavier , Gottlob Irene , McLean Rebecca J , Munier Francis L , Stephenson Andrew , Sisk Robert , Koenekoop Robert , Wilson Lorri B , Fredrick Douglas , Choi Dongseok , Yang Paul , Pennesi Mark Edward
Published: July 2024

Background/Aaims

Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is an inherited retinal disease that is often associated with high myopia and can be caused by pathological variants in multiple genes, most commonly
CACNA1F
,
NYX
and
TRPM1
. High myopia is associated with retinal degeneration and increased risk for retinal detachment. Slowing the progression of myopia in patients with CSNB would likely be beneficial in reducing risk, but before interventions can be considered, it is important to understand the natural history of myopic progression.

Methods

This multicentre, retrospective study explored CSNB caused by variants in
CACNA1F
,
NYX
or
TRPM1
in patients who had at least 6 measurements of their spherical equivalent of refraction (SER) before the age of 18. A mixed-effect model was used to predict progression of SER overtime and differences between genotypes were evaluated.

Results

78 individuals were included in this study. All genotypes showed a significant myopic predicted SER at birth (−3.076D, −5.511D and −5.386D) for
CACNA1F
,
NYX
and
TRPM1
respectively. Additionally, significant progression of myopia per year (−0.254D, −0.257D and −0.326D) was observed for all three genotypes
CACNA1F
,
NYX
and
TRPM1
, respectively.

Conclusions

Patients with CSNB tend to be myopic from an early age and progress to become more myopic with age. Patients may benefit from long-term myopia slowing treatment in the future and further studies are indicated. Additionally, CSNB should be considered in the differential diagnosis for early-onset myopia.
False claims of equivalence in the neurosurgical trauma literature: prevalence and associated factors—a systematic review protocol
Authors: Oliveira Júnior André Luiz Freitas , Oliveira João Vitor Miranda Porto , Kolias Angelos G , Paiva Wellingson S , Fontoura Solla Davi Jorge
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Research quality within the neurosurgical field remains suboptimal. Therefore, many studies published in the neurosurgical literature lack enough statistical power to establish the presence or absence of clinically important differences between treatment arms. The field of neurotrauma deals with additional challenges, with fewer financial incentives and restricted resources in low-income and middle-income countries with the highest burden of neurotrauma diseases. In this systematic review, we aim to estimate the prevalence of false claims of equivalence in the neurosurgical trauma literature and identify its predictive factors.

Methods and analysis

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses recommendations were followed. Randomised clinical trials that enrolled only traumatic brain injury patients and investigated any type of intervention (surgical or non-surgical) will be eligible for inclusion. The MEDLINE/PubMed database will be searched for articles in English published from January 1960 to July 2020 in 15 top-ranked journals. A false claim of equivalence will be identified by insufficient power to detect a clinically meaningful effect: for categorical outcomes, a difference of at least 25% and 50%, and for continuous outcomes, a Cohen’sdof at least 0.5 and 0.8. Using the number of patients in each treatment arm and the minimum effect sizes to be detected, the power of each study will be calculated with the assumption of a two-tailed alpha that equals 0.05. Standardised differences between the groups with and without a false claim of equivalence will be calculated, and the variables with a standardised difference equal or above 0.2 and 0.5 will be considered weakly and strongly associated with false claims of equivalence, respectively. The data analysis will be blinded to the authors and institutions of the studies.

Ethics and dissemination

This study will not involve primary data collection. Therefore, formal ethical approval will not be required. The final systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at appropriate conferences.
Delirium in neonates and infants: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Shon Soonyoung , Shim Mi-So , Kang Minkyung , Kim Inah
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Delirium in neonates and infants is difficult to screen or assess because of their different developmental features and distinct delirium characteristics compared with those of older children. Some delirium management strategies, including assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, and prevention strategies, have been previously suggested for paediatric delirium. However, whether these strategies are effective for delirium in neonates and infants is unclear. This scoping review aims to explore comprehensive information on delirium in neonates and infants, such as the features of delirium, factors related to delirium, and current assessments and interventions in neonates and infants.

Methods and analysis

This study will be based on the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping review protocol development and follow each stage of the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Research questions regarding delirium management in neonates and infants will be specified. A wide range of databases, including MEDLINE, EBSCO, Embase and the Cochrane Library, using optimised terms will be searched from 2004 to 2024. The summarised results will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension of the Scoping Reviews checklist.

Ethics and dissemination

Since this study will review and summarise published scientific literature, ethical approval is not required. The results of this scoping review will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. The study findings will be disseminated through seminars for experts so that they can be reflected in practice.
Level of dietary diversity score and its predictors among children aged 6–23 months: a linear mixed model analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Mohammed Osman Ahmed , Mare Kusse Urmale
Published: July 2024

Background

The dietary diversity score (DDS) of children is one of the indicators as part of infant and young child feeding practices. This study aimed to assess the level of DDS and its determinants among Ethiopian children aged 6–23 months.

Methods

This study analysed retrospective cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 1511 children aged 6–23 months after extracting it from the Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019. A a linear mixed model was fitted and expressed as adjusted beta coefficients with a 95% CI. Finally, predictors with a p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Measures of variation were explained by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and model fitness was determined using the Akaike information criterion.

Result

The mean (±SD) DDS of children was 2.8 (±1.5). Only 56.3%, 13.4% and 11.6% of children met the minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity score and minimum acceptable diet, respectively. The full model ICC was 0.266, which implied that 26.6% of the total variance of DDS among children was attributed to the differences between clusters. For a 1-month increase in the child’s age, the DDS of children will increase by 0.016 units, holding all other variables constant. Also, for every 1-year increase in maternal education, a 0.057-unit increase in the DDS of children is predicted. Children from wealthy families, having mothers who have had media exposure, meeting MMF and taking fewer than 30 min to reach a nearby water supply have been proven to increase the DDS.

Conclusion

In Ethiopia, the DDS of children is very low. To improve DDS enhancing maternal literacy, revenue production activities, media exposure and access to water sources should be prioritised. The significance of feeding children regularly throughout the day should be emphasised.
Cognition in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study of 113 patients (CogniMOG-Study)
Authors: Passoke Sarah , Stern Carlotta , Häußler Vivien , Kümpfel Tania , Havla Joachim , Engels Daniel , Jarius Sven , Wildemann Brigitte , Korporal-Kuhnke Mirjam , Senel Makbule , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Warnke Clemens , Grothe Matthias , Schülke Rasmus , Gingele Stefan , Kretschmer Julian Reza , Klotz Luisa , Walter Annette , Then Bergh Florian , Aktas Orhan , Ringelstein Marius , Ayzenberg Ilya , Schwake Carolin , Kleiter Ingo , Sperber Pia Sophie , Rust Rebekka , Schindler Patrick , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Paul Friedemann , Kopp Bruno , Trebst Corinna , Hümmert Martin W
Published: July 2024

Background

Data on cognition in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are limited to studies with small sample sizes. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the extent, characteristics and the longitudinal course of potential cognitive deficits in patients with MOGAD.

Methods

The CogniMOG-Study is a prospective, longitudinal and multicentre observational study of 113 patients with MOGAD. Individual cognitive performance was assessed using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Multiple Sclerosis Inventory Cognition (MuSIC), which are standardised against normative data from healthy controls. Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and at 1-year and 2-year follow-up assessments. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse demographic and clinical predictors of cognitive deficits identified in previous correlation analyses.

Results

At baseline, the study sample of MOGAD patients showed impaired standardised performance on MuSIC semantic fluency (mean=−0.29, 95% CI (−0.47 to −0.12)) and MuSIC congruent speed (mean=−0.73, 95% CI (−1.23 to −0.23)). Around 1 in 10 patients showed deficits in two or more cognitive measures (11%). No decline in cognition was observed during the 1-year and 2-year follow-up period. Cerebral lesions were found to be negatively predictive for SDMT (B=−8.85, 95% CI (−13.57 to −4.14)) and MuSIC semantic fluency (B=−4.17, 95% CI (−6.10 to −2.25)) test performance.

Conclusions

Based on these data, we conclude that MOGAD patients show reduced visuomotor processing speed and semantic fluency to the extent that the disease burden includes cerebral lesions.
Effects of exposure to snus marketing with versus without modified risk tobacco product claims on snus use intention and perceived harm among young adults
Authors: Whaley Reid C , Vogel Erin A , Clementel Ariana Coba , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L , McConnell Rob , Liu Feifei , Sussman Steve , Harlow Alyssa F , Unger Jennifer B , Tackett Alayna P , Leventhal Adam M
Published: July 2024

Background

We tested whether snus marketing with modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) claims: (a) promotes accurate knowledge about snus’s health effects in young adults and (b) encourages use intentions in only those who use combustible tobacco without attracting other young adult populations.

Methods

A randomised between-subjects experiment was embedded in a 2020 web survey of participants from Los Angeles (aged 19–23 years). Participants viewed mass-marketed snus advertising materials with (n=1212) vs without (n=1225) US Food and Drug Administration-authorised MRTP claims. After advertising exposure, snus use intention and perceptions of snus harms relative to cigarettes or e-cigarettes were measured.

Results

Advertisements with versus without MRTP claims did not affect snus use intention (18.0% vs 19.4%) but produced a higher prevalence of perceptions that snus was less harmful than cigarettes (12.6% vs 9.1%; p=0.007) and e-cigarettes (8.0% vs 5.8%; p=0.04). MRTP claim exposure effects did not differ by past 30-day e-cigarette or combustible tobacco use. Snus use intentions after marketing exposure, collapsed across MRTP claim conditions, were higher in those who did versus did not report past 30-day use of e-cigarettes (38.4% vs 14.3%; adjusted OR (95% CI) 2.95 (2.28 to 3.81); p<0.001) or combustible tobacco (44.0% vs 16.2%; adjusted OR (95% CI) 2.26 (1.62 to 3.16); p<0.001).

Conclusion

Although some young adults who vape or smoke may have snus use intentions, snus MRTP claims might not affect young adults’ snus use intentions, regardless of whether they vape/smoke. MRTP claims might modestly increase the accuracy of perceived harms of snus relative to cigarettes while also slightly causing unsubstantiated perceptions of lower harm than e-cigarettes.
Magnetism in two-dimensional CoX2 (X = S, Se, and Te), from monolayer to bulk layered structures
Authors: Kindra Karan , Singh Ranber
Published: July 2024

We investigate spin-polarized electronic structures of CoX2 (X = S, Se, and Te) monolayers using the density functional theory. We find that CoS2 and CoSe2 monolayers are metallic ferromagnetic materials, whereas CoTe2 monolayer is nonmagnetic metallic material. The 3D bulk layered crystalline structures of CoX2 (X = S, Se, and Te) are found to be nonmagnetic metals in our calculations. In addition to the major contributions due to the d orbitals of Co atoms, there is also contribution from the p orbitals of chalcogen X atoms to the electronic structure near the Fermi level of CoX2. We are optimistic for the experimental growth and uses of these monolayer structures for the 2D spintronic applications.
Regular Expressions Avoiding Absorbing Patterns and the Significance of Uniform Distribution
Authors: Broda Sabine , Machiavelo António , Moreira Nelma , Reis Rogério
Published: July 2024

Although regular expressions do not correspond univocally to regular languages, it is still worthwhile to study their properties and algorithms. For the average case analysis one often relies on the uniform random generation using a specific grammar for regular expressions, that can represent regular languages with more or less redundancy. Generators that are uniform on the set of expressions are not necessarily uniform on the set of regular languages. Nevertheless, it is not straightforward that asymptotic estimates obtained by considering the whole set of regular expressions are different from those obtained using a more refined set that avoids some large class of equivalent expressions. In this paper we study a set of expressions that avoid a given absorbing pattern. It is shown that, although this set is significantly smaller than the standard one, the asymptotic average estimates for the size of the Glushkov automaton for these expressions does not differ from the standard case. Furthermore, for this set the asymptotic density of [Formula: see text]-accepting expressions is also the same as for the set of all standard regular expressions.
Automorphisms of ℂ2 with cycles of escaping Fatou components with hyperbolic limit sets
Authors: Beltrami Veronica
Published: July 2024

We study the stable dynamics of non-polynomial automorphisms of [Formula: see text], more precisely we construct a special class of transcendental Hénon maps of the form [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] a natural number and [Formula: see text].

One of the points of greatest interest is that we get a combinatorial dynamic behavior, indeed there are cycles of escaping Fatou components where the dynamics vary depending on whether [Formula: see text] is even or odd. Moreover, we have two distinct limit functions on each cycle, both of which have generic rank 1. Additionally, each Fatou component in each cycle has two disjoint and hyperbolic limit sets on the line at infinity, with the exception of the Fatou components belonging to the short cycle of period [Formula: see text] (that occurs if [Formula: see text] is odd) which have the same hyperbolic limit set.
Optimization scheduling for multi-source water distribution systems in mountainous region based on seagull optimization algorithm
Authors: Wang Dongrui , Chen Hongxun , Ma Zheng , Yi Bobo
Published: July 2024

Multi-source water distribution systems (WDSs) are critical to solving the increasing demand for urban water supply. Appropriate management of limited resources necessitates optimization of water scheduling in order to reduce energy consumption. However, certain complexities of applying such systems bring severe challenges to optimal scheduling methods, exemplified in mountain regions, where larger elevation gradients make distribution more complicated than in plain regions. Therefore, this study attempts to present best practices in how to reduce the energy consumption of water supply, especially in complex mountainous regions, through innovation of optimal scheduling methods. Based on the seagull optimization algorithm (SOA), a systematic optimization scheduling method for multi-source WDSs is proposed. The optimization results are compared with those obtained from the genetic algorithm. A case study of such optimization in the mountainous region of C-County, China is presented. Power consumption prior and post optimization is compared. The results show that this optimization scheduling method is both effective and feasible. Annual power consumption can be reduced by significant amounts, savings of 23.3% in this case study, and the optimal solution can be deployed with 40 iteration steps.
Quest for more Moore at the end of Device Downsizing
Authors: Wong Hei , Zhang Jieqiong , Liu Jun
Published: July 2024

It is anticipated that the downsizing of the CMOS device will end soon, but Moore’s law will continue for several more generations. In recent technology nodes, the performance improvement and higher density of CMOS integrated circuits depended on the smaller footprint resulting from a larger fin height of FinFETs. As device scaling approaches its end, every possible method to increase chip density has been extensively explored. These include the introduction of nanosheet or forksheet structures, better arrangement of power rails and three-dimensional stacking technologies from the device level to the system level. In this review, we highlight various strategies for extending Moore’s law. We discuss the challenges of nanosheet transistors, which are believed to be the ultimate MOS structure and will be implemented in the next technology node. We also discuss some alternative ultimate MOS structures. Nevertheless, from the technological and economic points of view, the mainstream technology in the coming decades should be 3D stacking technology such as CFET at the device level and monolithic 3D technology for system integration.
Unraveling Chaos, Transition and Dynamical Complexities in a Generalized Predator–Prey Model with Cooperation-Induced Fear and Gestation Delay
Authors: Sarkar Abhijit , Mondal Bapin , Pandey Soumik , Sk Nazmul
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the interaction between a generalist predator and a prey, where the predator exhibits cooperative behavior during hunting, inducing fear into the prey population. Additionally, both the prey and predator populations are subject to harvesting. The study establishes the positivity and boundedness of the model’s solutions, ensuring the existence of the population. Analyzing the system, we explore its feasible steady states and their stability, along with various types of bifurcations, including Hopf with direction of stability, Saddle-node, Transcritical, Homoclinic, Bogdanov–Takens, and Cusp bifurcation. We also demonstrate the stability and bifurcation behavior of a delayed system. These findings are verified through one-parameter and two-parameter bifurcation structures, complemented by respective phase portraits. Notably, the system displays transition between different equilibria and bistability. Furthermore, numerical investigations reveal the impact of gestation delay, indicating chaotic behavior in the system due to this time delay.
Controlling the Period-Bubbling Route to Chaos
Authors: Deb Purbasha , Layek G. C.
Published: July 2024

We describe the period-bubbling attractors, their generation mechanism and chaos control strategy in nonlinear, unidimensional and two-parameter-dependent discrete maps. A theorem for the occurrence of sequential period-bubbling attractors leading to chaos, is presented. It delineates the role of a geometric parameter in the formation of anti-monotonic periodic sequences of each iterate of such discrete maps. The appearances of different period bubbles in two distinct Gaussian and cubic maps are demonstrated in accordance to the theorem. The delimited chaos through period-bubbling route is suppressed by employing linear density feedback with a proportional constant. The study discloses that the period-bubbling transitional route in unidimensional map cannot be suppressed by adopting constant feedback, which is in contrast to the control of period-doubling route to chaos. In Gaussian and cubic maps, the period-bubbling routes to chaos are gradually collapsed for linear density feedbacks, with the enhancements of the feedback strength parameter k. Interestingly, at [Formula: see text], the feedback-influenced Gaussian map experiences tangent bifurcation and chaos can re-enter into its dynamics through that scenario for [Formula: see text]. The tangent bifurcation in the feedback-affected Gaussian map is explained mathematically. However, no such transitional exchange has been perceived in cubic map, for augmented values of the feedback strength parameter.
Analysis of Dynamics of a Recurrent Infectious Disease SIRS Model with Age Structure and Two Delays
Authors: Jia Li , Tan Hongwu , Cao Hui
Published: July 2024

In this paper, an SIRS model with age structure is proposed for recurrent infectious diseases by incorporating infectious delay and temporary immunity delay. Analysis shows that the disease will eventually disappear when the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text]. No matter how the infection delay [Formula: see text] changes, as long as the temporary immunity loss delay [Formula: see text], the disease transmission will only be endemic and there will be no periodic oscillations when [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the stability and Hopf bifurcation will appear as [Formula: see text] increases from zero. It indicates that the duration of temporary immunity can affect the form of disease transmission within the population. Our numerical simulations verified the correctness of the theoretical results.
Jet quenching: From theory to simulation
Authors: Cao Shanshan , Majumder Abhijit , Modarresi-Yazdi Rouzbeh , Soudi Ismail , Tachibana Yasuki
Published: July 2024

With the explosion of data on jet-based observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider and the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider, perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD)-based simulations of these processes, often interacting with an expanding viscous fluid dynamical background, have taken center stage. This review is meant to bridge the gap between theory, simulation and phenomenology of jet modification in a dense medium. We will demonstrate how the existence of such end-to-end event generators with semi-realistic or even fully realistic final states allows for the most rigorous comparisons between pQCD-based jet modification theory and experiment. State-of-the-art calculations of several jet-based observables are presented. Extensions of this theory to jets in the small systems of p–A and e–A collisions are discussed.
Derivations of non-commutative group algebras
Authors: Manju Praveen , Sharma Rajendra Kumar
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we study the derivations of group algebras of some important groups, namely, Dihedral ([Formula: see text]), Dicyclic ([Formula: see text]) and Semi-dihedral ([Formula: see text]). First, we explicitly classify all inner derivations of a group algebra [Formula: see text] of a finite group [Formula: see text] over an arbitrary field [Formula: see text]. Then we classify all [Formula: see text]-derivations of the group algebras [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is a field of characteristic [Formula: see text] or an odd rational prime [Formula: see text] by giving the dimension and an explicit basis of these derivation algebras. We explicitly describe all inner derivations of these group algebras over an arbitrary field. Finally, we classify all derivations of the above group algebras when [Formula: see text] is an algebraic extension of a prime field.
An improvement on a result of Lescot et al.
Authors: Wei Huaquan , Hou Xuanyou , Wu Hui , Chen Yi , Zhang Jiamin
Published: July 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite group. We denote by [Formula: see text] the commuting probability that two randomly chosen elements of [Formula: see text] are commuting. In this paper, we present a complete isoclinic classification of finite non-nilpotent group [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. It is an improvement on a result of Lescot et al. in 2014.
Block-transitive Steiner 3-designs on 2-transitive groups
Authors: Liu Weijun , Lan Ting , Yin Fu-Gang
Published: July 2024

In 2005, Huber proved that the flag-transitive group of automorphisms for a Steiner [Formula: see text]-design must act [Formula: see text]-transitively on the point set. He also classified flag-transitive Steiner [Formula: see text]-designs. It should be noted that while flag-transitive designs are block-transitive, the converse is not always true. Furthermore, all known block-transitive Steiner [Formula: see text]-designs have [Formula: see text]-transitive automorphism groups. In this study, we consider [Formula: see text]-block-transitive Steiner [Formula: see text]-designs [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] acting [Formula: see text]-transitively on the point set, and prove that if [Formula: see text] is not [Formula: see text]-flag-transitive, then either [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-design with the Suzuki group as its automorphism group, or [Formula: see text] is a subgroup of [Formula: see text] and the size of the block is an odd integer.
US Policy toward China and Taiwan in the Post-Pandemic Period
Authors: SUTTER ROBERT
Published: July 2024

This speech forecasts continued US government resolve to counter multifaceted and often very serious challenges posed by the behavior of the government of the People’s Republic of China, and accompanying greater American support for Taiwan. It explains the reasons for US resolve developed over the past six years, highlighting the role of bi-partisan majorities in Congress. It anticipates smooth continuity in the US government resolve if President Biden is reelected and some serious complications if the former President Trump is reelected, though the hardening of US policy against China will endure.
Singlet oxygen generation by nanoassemblies containing porphyrin macrocycles: Steric and screening effects, energy transfer and competing processes
Authors: Zenkevich Eduard I. , Parkhats Marina V. , Dzhagarov Boris M. , von Borczyskowski Christian
Published: July 2024

In this semi-review paper, we discuss some principal aspects that should be taken into account upon quantitative analysis of the interaction with molecular oxygen O2 and the singlet oxygen (1O2 or [Formula: see text] generation by various tetrapyrrolic photosensitizers (including monomers, chemical dimers, triads, pentads and organic-inorganic nanoassemblies). In all cases, the direct experimental measurements of 1O2 emission at λmax = 1.27 μ need to be corrected to the solvent influence (refractive indexes, molecular polarizability) on the rate constant of the radiative transition [Formula: see text] in a 1O2 molecule. For porphyrin and chlorin chemical dimers, T1 states quenching by O2 followed by 1O2 generation depends on donor-acceptor interactions between the dimer halves, and extra-ligation effects as well as the spacer flexibility. In the case of self-assembled triads and pentads containing Zn-porphyrin dimers and pyridyl substituted porphyrin free bases (H2P) as extra-ligands, quenching rate constants of H2P T1 states by O2 are smaller compared to those found for individual monomeric H2P molecules which is explained by the spatial screening influence of a strongly quenched Zn-porphyrin dimer in multiporphyrin complexes. Finally, at 293 K for nanoassemblies of two types (semiconductor quantum dots CdSe/ZnS + coordinative linked tetra-pyridyl porphyrins, and semiconductor negatively charged quantum dots AgInS/ZnS + positively charged porphyrin molecules) it was quantitatively shown that non-radiative energy transfer FRET quantum dot [Formula: see text] porphyrin (competing with electron tunneling under conditions of quantum confinement) is only responsible for the singlet oxygen 1O2 generation by nanoassemblies.
Photophysical properties of hybrid porphyrin-erythrosine B fluorophore in aqueous media and PVA films
Authors: Mamardashvili G.M. , Kaigorodova E.Yu. , Nikitin K.S. , Mamardashvili N.Z.
Published: July 2024

A diaxial complex of the Sn(IV)-5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin with a fluorescein halogen derivative– Erythrosine B (triad “luminophore-porphyrinate-luminophore”) was synthesized. Its structure was established using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Its luminescent properties (fluorescence spectra, quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime, as well as the ability to generate singlet oxygen) were studied. It has been established that the resulting triad has the properties of a fluorescent molecular rotor, and both fragments of the triad [porphyrinate ([Formula: see text] = 420 nm) and xanthene ([Formula: see text] = 470 nm) fragments] show high fluorescent sensitivity to local viscosity. By immobilizing the triad “luminophore-porphyrinate-luminophore” into a polymer matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hybrid film materials were obtained. It has been shown that the fixation of the triad in the polymer matrix due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between carboxyl groups and the organic polymer does not have a significant effect on its luminescent properties. It has been established that both fragments in the triad immobilized in PVA-based polymer organic films retain their properties as fluorescent “molecular rotors” in non-aqueous media.
An Analysis of the Math Requirements of 199 CS BS/BA Degrees at 158 U.S. Universities
Authors: Brodley Carla E. , Quam Mckenna , Weiss Mark
Published: July 2024

There is no consensus across U.S. universities as to the placement of discrete math and calculus in the CS course sequence, and indeed early placement serves as an institutional barrier that affects students' discovery, retention, and persistence in computing.
NetraDeep: An Integrated Deep Learning and Image Processing System for Precise Detection of Hard Exudates
Authors: Agrawal Vatsal , Kumar Vijay , Sharma Swati , Chawla Rohan , Paul Kolin
Published: July 2024

Hard exudate (HE) is a common manifestation of various eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), and a prominent cause of vision loss and blindness. Researchers aim to visualize and quantify these exudates using deep learning (DL) and image processing (IP) models from retinal images. However, the requirement for a large number of labelled image datasets for DL models to work on diverse and poor-quality images makes this task challenging. To address this challenge, we introduce NetraDeep, a system that integrates data-driven DL and rule-based IP techniques for exudate segmentation. Our system uses IP models to detect and extract some features and assists DL models in detecting more advanced features and vice versa. The IP models are rule-based and use predefined rules to process images, while the DL models are data-driven and learn from the input data.

NetraDeep provides visual and quantitative assessments while mitigating noise and other confounding factors such as artifacts and noise. The training of DL models of this system requires only a limited number of labelled fundus images from publicly available datasets. It provides accurate pixel-wise segmentation results on the public and private image datasets collected from local eye hospitals. Through extensive evaluation, our system achieved remarkable performance, with a dice coefficient of

\(0.84\)

for the public dataset and a rating of

\(9.78\)

and

\(9.43\)

out of 10, as corroborated by two medical experts with experience of more than 20 and 5 years, respectively, for the private image dataset.
Nucleotide Immune Signaling in CBASS, Pycsar, Thoeris, and CRISPR Antiphage Defense
Authors: Hobbs Samuel J. , Kranzusch Philip J.
Published: July 2024

Bacteria encode an arsenal of diverse systems that defend against phage infection. A common theme uniting many prevalent antiphage defense systems is the use of specialized nucleotide signals that function as second messengers to activate downstream effector proteins and inhibit viral propagation. In this article, we review the molecular mechanisms controlling nucleotide immune signaling in four major families of antiphage defense systems: CBASS, Pycsar, Thoeris, and type III CRISPR immunity. Analyses of the individual steps connecting phage detection, nucleotide signal synthesis, and downstream effector function reveal shared core principles of signaling and uncover system-specific strategies used to augment immune defense. We compare recently discovered mechanisms used by phages to evade nucleotide immune signaling and highlight convergent strategies that shape host–virus interactions. Finally, we explain how the evolutionary connection between bacterial antiphage defense and eukaryotic antiviral immunity defines fundamental rules that govern nucleotide-based immunity across all kingdoms of life.
Modeling Rate Dependent Volume Change in Porous Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Garrick Taylor R. , Fernandez Miguel A. , Koch Brian J. , Efimoff Erin , Jones Matthew , Mollah Rafid , Teel Hunter , Du Xiaoniu , Shimpalee Sirivatch , Choe Song-Yul , Subramanian Venkat R. , Siegel Jason B.
Published: July 2024

Automotive manufacturers are working to improve individual cell, module, and overall pack design by increasing the performance, range, and durability, while reducing cost. One key piece to consider during the design process is the active material volume change, its linkage to the particle, electrode, and cell level volume changes, and the interplay with structural components in the rechargeable energy storage system. As the time from initial design to manufacture of electric vehicles decreases, design work needs to move to the virtual domain; therefore, a need for coupled electrochemical-mechanical models that take into account the active material volume change and the rate dependence of this volume change need to be considered. In this study, we illustrated the applicability of a coupled electrochemical-mechanical battery model considering multiple representative particles to capture experimentally measured rate dependent reversible volume change at the cell level through the use of an electrochemical-mechanical battery model that couples the particle, electrode, and cell level volume changes. By employing this coupled approach, the importance of considering multiple active material particle sizes representative of the distribution is demonstrated. The non-uniformity in utilization between two different size particles as well as the significant spatial non-uniformity in the radial direction of the larger particles is the primary driver of the rate dependent characteristics of the volume change at the electrode and cell level.