bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas dan Perspektif Pelaksanaan Program Beras Sejahtera (Rastra) dan Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT)
Authors: Rachman Benny , Agustian Adang , Wahyudi NFN
Published: January 2019

Rice for the Poor (Rastra) and Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) Programs are among the policy instruments for poverty alleviation. Rastra, formerly a subsidy policy, was partly transformed into assistance design through BPNT Program since 2017. This study aims to assess effectiveness of Rastra and BPNT in terms of 6R aspects, i.e. Right Target, Right Amount, Right Price, Right Time, Right Quality, and Right Administration. Primary data were collected from sample cities implementing these programs. This study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It is necessary to improve target beneficiaries, assistance receiving time, rice quality, and e-warong readiness. As instruments of poverty alleviation, Rastra and BPNT were implemented in an integrated manner based on the surplus and deficit areas. Subsidy design (Rastra) transformation into non-cash food assistance (BPNT) should be implemented gradually. Bulog needs to improve farmers’ rice purchase and to increase government’s rice reserve.

 

Abstrak

Program Beras Sejahtera (Rastra) dan Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT) merupakan salah satu instrumen kebijakan penting dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan bagi masyarakat miskin berpenghasilan rendah. Sesuai arahan Presiden RI tentang bantuan sosial dan keuangan inklusif, maka sejak tahun 2017 Rastra yang merupakan kebijakan subsidi sebagian ditransformasi menjadi pola bantuan melalui Program BPNT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas pelaksanaan Rastra dan BPNT (aspek 6T: Tepat Sasaran, Tepat Jumlah, Tepat Harga, Tepat Waktu, Tepat Kualitas, dan Tepat Administrasi) dan merumuskan saran kebijakan perbaikan pelaksanaan Rastra dan BPNT. Cakupan kajian dan data yang digunakan adalah pada tingkat nasional dengan keterwakilan dari masing-masing kota pelaksana program. Metode kajian menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pelaksanaan Rastra dan BPNT dipandang perlu dilakukan perbaikan dari sisi sasaran penerima, waktu penerimaan bantuan, kualitas beras, dan kesiapan e-warong di semua wilayah. Sebagai instrumen penanggulangan kemiskinan, Rastra dan BPNT dilaksanakan secara terpadu dengan mempertimbangkan wilayah surplus dan deficit. Proses transformasi pola subsidi (Rastra) menjadi pola bantuan pangan (BPNT) juga harus dilakukan secara bertahap sesuai kesiapan infrastrukturnya.  Selain itu mengingat kebijakan Rastra dan BPNT sangat terkait dengan peran dan kapasitas Bulog dalam melakukan serapan gabah-beras dari petani dan menjaga stabilisasi harga beras, maka pemerintah perlu meningkatkan Cadangan Beras Pemerintah.
Dinamika dan Faktor Berpengaruh terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Perdesaan
Authors: Susilowati Sri Hery
Published: January 2019

The increase in rural household income is an integrand part of the ultimate objective of agricultural development. This paper aims to examine the dynamics of revenue and faktors that influence the various agro-ecosystem and different commodity base in rural areas. The data used is Patanas data’s the time period 2007-2015 taking into account the agro-ecosystem-based wetland rice based dry land crops / vegetables, plantation-based dry land. In general, the study results show that: (a) The level of income has increased and the role of agriculture sektor income remained a dominant role; (b) Faktors causing the dynamics and the role of the agricultural sektor revenues include the availability of and access to technology, the profitability of farming, plantation crops are relatifly old, pace of product development and the creation of added value. The implication is required to optimize and harmonize the development of modern agriculture, revitalization of informal non-agricultural sektor in rural areas, and economic integration of rural-urban in perspective agricultural/rural transformation economic

 

Abstrak

Peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga perdesaan merupakan bagian integral dari sasaran akhir pembangunan pertanian. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika pendapatan dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada berbagai agroekosistem dan basis komoditas yang berbeda di daerah perdesaan. Data yang digunakan adalah data survey Patanas rentang waktu 2007-2015 pada agroekosistem lahan sawah berbasis padi, lahan kering berbasis palawija/sayuran, dan lahan kering berbasis perkebunan. Metoda analisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan tabulasi. Secara umum, hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) Tingkat pendapatan mengalami peningkatan dan peran pendapatan sektor pertanian tetap memegang peran dominan; (b) Faktor penyebab dinamika dan peran pendapatan sektor pertanian diantaranya adalah ketersediaan dan akses teknologi, profitabilitas usahatani, tanaman perkebunan yang relatif tua, ketertinggalan pengembangan produk dan penciptaan nilai tambah. Implikasinya adalah dibutuhkan optimalisasi dan harmonisasi pengembangan pertanian modern, revitalisasi sektor informal nonpertanian di perdesaan, dan integrasi ekonomi desa-kota dalam perspektif transfiormasi ekonomi petanian/perdesaan.
Dinamika Perubahan Harga Padi Jagung Kedelai serta Implikasinya terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Tani
Authors: Aldillah Rizma
Published: January 2019

Price changes affect all aspects of agricultural activities, especially on agricultural development.To increase the production of strategic commodities such as rice, maize, and soybean, needs special attention to the impact of price changes closely related to that trading, so it is expected that the implications for farming income will be better and can make farmers more prosperous in the future. Often the fact, the growth in food demand is faster than the growth of its supply, causing changes in the price of staple foodstuffs, and ultimately impacting at the farmers income whose are uncertain. This paper aims to analyze the impact of changes in rice,maize and soybean prices on that trading, and its implications for farm income. The determination of the Reference Price of Purchase which only considers the cost of farming to produce rice, corn and soybean has not provided optimal support for efforts to increase the income of pajale farming. Therefore, it is necessary to consider all cost components, as well as government intervention in helping to strengthen the bargaining position of farmers in the trading system of these three commodities in Indonesia, so that the supply chain from farmers to the hands of end consumers can be cut, in order to provide direct implications for increased farm revenues.

Abstrak

Perubahan harga memengaruhi seluruh aspek kegiatan pertanian, khususnya terhadap pembangunan pertanian. Untuk meningkatkan produksi komoditas pangan utama, seperti padi, jagung, dan kedelai diperlukan perhatian khusus terhadap dampak perubahan harga yang berkaitan erat dengan perdagangannya sehingga diharapkan pendapatan usaha tani menjadi lebih baik dan petani makin sejahtera kedepannya. Seringkali faktanya bahwa pertumbuhan permintaan pangan lebih cepat dari pertumbuhan penyediaannya yang menyebabkan perubahan harga pangan pokok sering bergejolak dan akhirnya berdampak pada pendapatan petani yang tidak menentu. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak perubahan harga padi, jagung dan kedelai terhadap perdagangannya, serta implikasinya terhadap pendapatan usaha tani. Penetapan harga acuan pembelian (HAP) yang hanya mempertimbangkan biaya usaha tani untuk memproduksi padi, jagung dan kedelai belum memberikan dukungan yang optimal bagi upaya peningkatan pendapatan usaha tani pajale. Untuk itu, perlunya mempertimbangkan semua komponen biaya serta intervensi pemerintah dalam membantu memperkuat posisi tawar petani dalam sistem perdagangan ketiga komoditas tersebut di Indonesia sehingga rantai pasok dari petani ke tangan konsumen akhir dapat dipangkas dengan tujuan dapat memberikan implikasi secara langsung terhadap peningkatan pendapatan usaha tani.
A Clinico-pathological Study of Transvaginal Endometrial Thickness Measurement in Asymptomatic Postmenopausal Patients and Patients with Postmenopausal Bleeding
Authors: Gokmen Karasu Ayse Filiz , Ates Seda , Gurbuz Tugba , Sahin Nurhan , Takmaz Taha , Aydin Serdar
Published: January 2019

Objective: We aimed to determine the frequency of endometrial pathologies of patients who presented to our outpatient clinic with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) and asymptomatic menopausal patients with a finding of thickened endometrium on transvaginal ultrasonography.Study Design: This study was performed at Bezmialem University Hospital. Women who presented to our clinic from January 2015 to January 2017 were analyzed. Patients were divided to two groups. All patients underwent transvaginal ultrasound with a 7.5 MHz probe. Endometrial sampling was performed by either blind D&C (dilatation & curettage) or pipelle sampling. We excluded patient specimens that were obtained by hysteroscopy.Results: Electronic records of a total of 368 patients in menopause were inspected. Out of these patients; 287 (78%) underwent endometrium sampling indicated by bleeding. Eighty-one patients (22%) were asymptomatic; however, a thickened endometrium echo on TVUSG examination (≥ 5 mm) was suspected. The median age was 57 (42-85). In both groups the two leading causes of endometrial pathology was; endometrial polyps followed by proliferative endometrium. The frequency of endometrial cancer was 9.4 % for the PMB group and 1.2 % in the asymptomatic patient groupConclusion: Evaluation of PMB as soon as possible is essential for diagnosing endometrial pathologies. Role of endometrial thickness is decisive in detecting patients at high risk for malignancy especially with comorbid conditions. Histopathological evaluation is mandatory for ruling out malignancy.
Increasing climate change resilience in agriculture: who is responsible?
Authors: Cvejić R. , Černič Istenič M. , Glavan M. , Honzak L. , Klančnik K. , Kompare K. , Pintar M.
Published: January 2019

Achieving climate change (CC) resilience in a timely and efficient fashion is becoming a major priority across multiple sectors. Agricultural CC adaptation has become an integrated part of agricultural development policy throughout the EU and further. Without the timely implementation of appropriate measures, the vulnerability of highly exposed and sensitive agricultural landscapes with low adaptive capacity will increase. This paper focuses on the Vipava Valley, a sub-Mediterranean agricultural area highly vulnerable to CC, describing the stakeholder landscape approach undertaken to define stakeholder responsibility level in terms of implementing adaptation measures; and it identifies the key challenges facing stakeholder networks at individual measure levels. The strategy for agricultural CC adaptation follows the structure proposed by the European Commission and clearly defines the necessary stakeholder landscape for implementing agricultural CC adaptation measures and indicators for adaptation strategy monitoring and evaluation. The challenges identified in relation to stakeholder interaction cannot be solved by strategy alone; a facilitated approach to policy implementation is necessary, its success being dependent on the ability of the social landscape to develop a firm implementation of a monitoring programme for adaptation to CC at the local municipality level.
Applicability of Preissmann box scheme for calculation of transcritical flow in pipes
Authors: Wang Yanmei , Zhang Chengcai , Li Zhansong , Sun Bin , Zhou Haolan
Published: January 2019

The accurate computer simulation of pipe flow is of great importance in the design of urban drainage. The Preissmann box scheme is usually used to model a wide range of subcritical and supercritical flows. However, care must be taken over the modelling of transcritical flows since, unless the correct internal boundary conditions are imposed, the scheme becomes unstable. In this paper, using the scheme in conjunction with the reduced momentum equation and applying boundary condition structure inherent to subcritical flow to all regimes, is an approach that enables efficient numerical simulation of transcritical flows in pipe networks. The approach includes three steps. First, a unified mathematical model which is based on the Preissmann slot model is derived. Second, the Preissmann box scheme is used to solve the set of equations, by analyzing and discussing the origin of the invalidity of applying the scheme, and a numerical model suitable for transcritical flow is proposed by the method of changing the convection acceleration term. Third, the numerical model is assessed by comparison with analytical, experimental and numerical results. The proposed models verified that this method can make the Preissmann box scheme applicable to the computation of transcritical flow in pipes.
Community composition of marine and brackish water ammonia-oxidizing consortia developed for aquaculture application
Authors: Preena P. G. , Achuthan Cini , Kumar V. J. Rejish , Boobal R. , Deepa G. D. , Puthumana Jayesh , Poulose Sunitha , Surekhamol I. S. , Singh I. S. Bright
Published: January 2019

To mitigate the toxicity of ammonia in aquaculture systems, marine and brackish water ammonia-oxidizing bacterial consortia have been developed and are used for activation of nitrifying bioreactors integrated to recirculating aquaculture systems. To shed more light on to these biological entities, diversity of both the consortia were analyzed based on random cloning of 16S rRNA gene and ammonia-oxidizing bacterial specific amoA gene sequences. The dendrograms of representative clones on the basis of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis generated 22 and 19 clusters for marine and brackish water nitrifying consortia, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the presence of various autotrophic nitrifiers belonging to α-, β- and γ-Proteobacteria, anaerobic ammonia oxidizers, heterotrophic denitrifiers, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Distribution patterns of the organisms within the two consortia were determined using the software Geneious and diversity indices were investigated using Mega 5.0, VITCOMIC and Primer 7. The abundance of ammonia oxidizers was found in the order of 2.21 ± 0.25 × 109 copies/g wet weight of marine consortium and 6.20 ± 0.23 × 107 copies/g of brackish water consortium. Besides, marine ammonia-oxidizing consortium exhibited higher mean population diversity and Shannon Wiener diversity than the brackish water counterparts.
Mass transfer approach and the designing of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland systems treating waste stabilisation pond effluent
Authors: Rugaika Anita M. , Kajunguri Damian , Van Deun Rob , Van der Bruggen Bart , Njau Karoli N.
Published: January 2019

Pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) that allowed wastewater to flow with high interstitial velocities in a controlled environment were used to evaluate the possibility of using mass transfer approach to design horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) treating waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) effluent. Since CW design considers temperature which is irrelevant in tropics, mass transfer approach could improve the design. HSSF-CWs were operated in batch recycle mode as continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) at different interstitial velocities. The overall removal rate constants of chemical oxygen demand (COD) at various interstitial velocities were evaluated in mesocosms that received pretreated domestic wastewater. The mean overall removal rate constants were 0.43, 0.69, 0.74 and 0.73 d−1 corresponding to interstitial velocities of 15.43, 36, 56.57 and 72 md−1, respectively. Results showed that the interstitial velocities up to 36 md−1 represented a range where mass transfer effect was significant and, above it, insignificant to the COD removal process. Since WSPs effluent has high flow rates and low organic load, it is possible to induce high interstitial velocities in a HSSF-CW treating this effluent, without clogging and overflow. The performance of these HSSF for tertiary treatment in tropical areas could be improved by considering flow velocity when designing.
Medicated Foams and Film Forming Dosage Forms as Tools to Improve the Thermodynamic Activity of Drugs to be Administered Through the Skin
Authors: Gennari Chiara G.M. , Selmin Francesca , Minghetti Paola , Cilurzo Francesco
Published: January 2019

Medicated foams and film forming systems are dosage forms formulated to undergo a controlled
metamorphosis when applied on the skin. Indeed, due to the presence of propellant or a particular
air-spray foam pump, a liquid can generate foam when applied on the stratum corneum, or a liquid or
conventional dosage form can form on the skin a continuous film as a consequence of the solvent
evaporation. Thanks to these controlled modifications, the drug thermodynamic activity increases favoring
the skin penetration and, therefore, the bioavailability with respect to conventional semi-solid and
liquid dosage forms. Furthermore, the available clinical data also evidence that these dosage forms improve
the patient’s compliance. The main formulative aspects of medicated foams and film forming
systems are reviewed with the aim to underline the possible advantages in terms of biopharmaceutical
performances and patient’s adherence.
Recent Progresses in Sensitive Determination of Drugs of Abuse by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Hamidi Samin
Published: January 2019

Background:

Today, “drugs of abuse” pose serious social problems such as many crimes,
medical treatment costs, and economic repercussions. Several worldwide clinical laboratories use analytical
separation methods to analyze their patient samples for drugs and poisons. In this way, they
provide qualitative and quantitative data on the substances in various biological matrices (e.g., urine,
plasma or serum, saliva, and breath).

Methods:

An extensive review of the published articles indicates that the use of Capillary Electrophoresis
(CE) coupled with sensitivity enhancing methods is a very attractive area of interest in the
assay of drugs of abuse.

Results:

This review was prepared to have a comprehensive study on applications of sensitivity enhancing
methods on the determination of drugs of abuse especially from 2007 to present. The sample
preconcentration approaches almost address all methods from online preconcentration (both electrophoretic
and chromatographic-based methods) to offline preconcentration. Furthermore, detection
system modification and capillary column fabrications were investigated in order to increase the detection
sensitivity of complex samples in CE.

Conclusion:

The present review summarizes the most recent developments in the detection of drugs
of abuse using CE. Although CE still has a limitation in sensitive detection, several publications in
recent years have proposed valuable methods to overcome this problem.
A Novel Method for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (H.) using Headspace-SPME Technology
Authors: Alnajim Ihab , Agarwal Manjree , Liu Tao , Ren YongLin
Published: January 2019

Background:

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
is one of the world’s most serious stored grain insect pests. A method of early and rapid identification
of red flour beetle in stored products is urgently required to improve control options. Specific
chemical signals identified as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that are released by the
beetle can serve as biomarkers.

Methods:

The Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) technique and the analytical
conditions with GC and GCMS were optimised and validated for the determination of VOCs released
from T. castaneum.

Results:

The 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS SPME fibre was selected for extraction of VOCs from
T. castaneum. The efficiency of extraction of VOCs was significantly affected by the extraction time,
temperature, insect density and type of SPME fibre. Twenty-three VOCs were extracted from insects
in 4 mL flask at 35 ± 1°C for four hours of extraction and separated and identified with gas
chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major VOCs or chemical signals from T. castaneum were
1-pentadecene, p-Benzoquinone, 2-methyl- and p-Benzoquinone, 2-ethyl.

Conclusion:

This study showed that HS-SPME GC technology is a robust and cost-effective method
for extraction and identification of the unique VOCs produced by T. castaneum. Therefore, this technology
could lead to a new approach in the timely detection of T. castaneum and its subsequent
treatment.
Purinergic P2X7 Receptor: A Cation Channel Sensitive to Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Scarpellino Giorgia , Genova Tullio , Munaron Luca
Published: January 2019

Background: Purinergic signalling is involved in several physiological and pathophysiological processes. P2X7 Receptor (P2X7R) is a calcium-permeable ion channel that is gaining interest as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different diseases including inflammation, pain, psychiatric disorders and cancer. P2X7R is ubiquitously expressed and sensitive to high ATP levels, usually found in tumor microenvironment. P2X7R regulates several cell functions, from migration to cell death, but its selective contribution to tumor progression remains controversial.

Objective:

Current review was conducted to check involvement of P2X7R use in cancer treatment.

Methods:

We review the most recent patents focused on the use of P2X7R in the treatment of cancer.

Results:

P2X7R is an intriguing purinergic receptor that plays different roles in tumor progression.

Conclusion:

Powerful strategies able to selectively interfere with its expression and function should reveal helpful in the development of new anti-cancer therapies.
Multi-Targeting Anticancer Agents: Rational Approaches, Synthetic Routes and Structure Activity Relationship
Authors: Singh Harbinder , Kinarivala Nihar , Sharma Sahil
Published: January 2019

We live in a world with complex diseases such as cancer which cannot be cured with one-compound one-target based therapeutic paradigm. This could be due to the involvement of multiple pathogenic mechanisms. One-compound-various-targets stratagem has become a prevailing research topic in anti-cancer drug discovery. The simultaneous interruption of two or more targets has improved the therapeutic efficacy as compared to the specific targeted based therapy. In this review, six types of dual targeting agents along with some interesting strategies used for their design and synthesis are discussed. Their pharmacology with various types of the molecular interactions within their specific targets has also been described. This assemblage will reveal the recent trends and insights in front of the scientific community working in dual inhibitors and help them in designing the next generation of multi-targeted anti-cancer agents.
Interleukin-17A: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Chronic Lung Diseases
Authors: Shaikh Sadiya Bi , Prabhu Ashwini , Bhandary Yashodhar Prabhakar
Published: January 2019

Background:

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has gained a lot of attention because of its involvement in respiratory diseases. Interleukin-17 cytokine family includes six members, out of which, IL-17A participates towards the immune responses in allergy and inflammation. It also modulates the progression of respiratory disorders.

Objective:

The present review is an insight into the involvement and contributions of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A in chronic respiratory diseases like Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Distress (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, obliterative bronchiolitis, lung cancer and many others.

Conclusion:

IL-17A is a major regulator of inflammatory responses. In all the mentioned diseases, IL- 17A plays a prime role in inducing the diseases, whereas the lack of this pro-inflammatory cytokine reduces the severity of respective respiratory diseases. Thereby, this review suggests IL-17A as an instrumental target in chronic respiratory diseases.
PDGF-BB Induces Formation of Bridging Callus After Reconstructive Surgery of Large Bone Defect
Authors: Wiratnaya I. Gede Eka
Published: January 2019

Background:

Reconstructive surgery by using allografts often conducted to manage large bone defects, either due to traumatic or non-traumatic causes. However, poor vascularization of the graft bed is still problematic. To overcome this, bone tissue engineering method has been developed that uses growth factor as an angiogenic stimulator, such as platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF BB).

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the administration of recombinant rat Platelet Derived Growth Factor BB (rrPDGF BB) on bone healing process, showed by formation of bridging callus, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteocalcin inmassivefresh frozen allograft post reconstructive surgery.

Methods:

This was a Post Test Only Control Group Design study involved 32 Wistar rats divided into two groups,i.e.treatment group (defect on right femoral bone and received fresh frozen allograft with the addition of rrPDGF BB) and control group (without addition of rrPDGF BB). Expression of VEGF, BMP-2 and osteocalcin was identified through immunohistochemistry.

Results:

A significantly higher expression of VEGF, BMP-2 and osteocalcin was observed in the treatment group as compared to the control group (p< 0.05). The presence of bridging callus on the fresh frozen allograft also showed to be significant (p= 0.003). Path analysis showed formation of bridging callus after administration of PDGF on allograft occur through three pathways, in which VEGF holds the most important role.

Conclusion:

The application of rrPDGF BB significantly enhances the formation of new bone through increased expression of VEGF, BMP-2 and osteocalcin.
An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Age and Sex/Gender on Pain Sensitivity in Healthy Human Participants
Authors: El-Tumi Hanan , Johnson Mark I. , Tashani Osama A.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Ageing is associated with alterations of the structure and function of somatosensory tissue that can impact on pain perception. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and pain sensitivity responses to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli in healthy adults.

Methods:

56 unpaid volunteers (28 women) aged between 20 and 55 years were categorised according to age into one of seven possible groups. The following measurements were taken: thermal detection thresholds, heat pain threshold and tolerance using a TSA-II NeuroSensory Analyzer; pressure pain threshold using a handheld electronic pressure algometer; and cold pressor pain threshold, tolerance, intensity and unpleasantness.

Results:

There was a positive correlation between heat pain tolerance and age (r = 0.228, P = 0.046), but no statistically significant differences between age groups for cold or warm detection thresholds, or heat pain threshold or tolerance. Forward regression found increasing age to be a predictor of increased pressure pain threshold (B = 0.378, P = 0.002), and sex/gender to be a predictor of cold pressor pain tolerance, with women having lower tolerance than men (B = -0.332, P = 0.006).

Conclusion:

The findings of this experimental study provide further evidence that pressure pain threshold increases with age and that women have lower thresholds and tolerances to innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli.

Significance:

The findings demonstrate that variations in pain sensitivity response to experimental stimuli in adults vary according to stimulus modality, age and sex and gender.
Recent Advances on Human-Robot Interface of Wheelchair-Mounted Robotic Arm
Authors: Chi Mingshan , Yao Yufeng , Liu Yaxin , Zhong Ming
Published: January 2019

Background:

Wheelchair mounted robotic arm is a typical assistive robot, which is widely
used to help the elders and the disabled to complete the activities of daily life. But limited by the restrictions
of the users’ athletic ability and cognitive ability, how to flexibly manipulate such robot is
still a problem in front of them. The human-computer interaction technology is the core technology of
the robot. Its performance directly affects the user's acceptability, satisfaction and promotion of intelligent
wheelchairs.

Objective:

The study aims to give a general summary of recent human-robot interface of wheelchair
mounted robotic arm and introduce their respective characteristics.

Methods:

Based on various patents and research developments about the human-robot interface of the
assistive robot at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the basic principle of designing the humanrobot
interaction mode, divides the man-robot interface into two categories based on the perspective of
user control robot arm, and describes in detail, the typical human-robot interface and its related characteristics
contained in each classification.

Results:

The development trends of the human-robot interface in future are predicted, so as to provide
some research reference for the related scientific researchers.

Conclusion:

Wheelchair mounted robotic arm has important practical significance. Further improvements
are needed in the design of the human-robot interface. It can effectively improve the operation
performance of the WMRA, and take full advantage of the user’s existing movement ability to meet the
requirement of dominating the control process. Furthermore, these improvements in the human-robot
interface will allow more and more users to accept the WMRA, manipulate the WMRA, and enjoy
improvements in the quality of their life for these assistive robots.
Komputasional Derivat Penisilin yang Tahan Asam dan Tahan Enzim Beta Laktamase
Authors: Purnomo Hari , K Intan Setyorini
Published: January 2019

Penisilin adalah antibiotika yang masih banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi infeksi. Beberapa derivat penisilin diketahui mempunyai sifat tahan asam seperti penisilin V, ampisilin, amoksisilin dan metisilin. Derivat penisilin yang lain mempunyai sifat tahan terhadap enzim beta laktamase seperti metisilin, nafsilin dan kloksasilin. Kimia komputasi dapat menjelaskan mengapa hal tersebut dapat terjadi.Gugus yang bertanggung jawab terhadap proses terjadinya hidrolisa oleh asam dan peruraian oleh enzim dapat dihitung kerapatan elektronnya, sehingga dapat difahami mengapa derivat yang satu tahan asam dan yang lain tahan terhadap enzim beta laktamase. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengoptimasi masing masing molekul menggunakan metoda semi empiris PM3, dengan gradien 0,01 dan menghitung kerapatan elektron pada karbonilnya. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada penisilin yang tahan asam, kerapatan elektron atom O karbonil amida sebesar -0,335 pada penisilin V, -0,333 pada metisilin, -0,316 pada ampisilin , -0,315 pada amoksisilin, keempatnya kurang nukleofil dibanding kerapatan elektron atom O amida pada benzyl penisilin yang tidak tahan asam sebesar -0,347. Untuk penisilin yang tahan enzim beta laktamase dapat disimpulkan bahwa kerapatan elektron atom C karbonil lactam pada nafsilin +0,272, kloksasilin +0,270, metisilin +0,269 kurang elektrofil dibanding penisilin yang tidak tahan enzim beta laktamase sebesar +0,280.
Neoliberalismo: La perspectiva polanyiana
Authors: Polanyi  y Mario Seccareccia Kari
Published: January 2019

Karl Polanyi demostró que el liberalismo clásico y el actual neoliberalismo fueron movimientos políticos organizados, pero sus éxitos produjeron una adversa reacción social y política. Esta dialéctica continua dando forma al debate doméstico e internacional y a los movimiento sociales. Inspirados por el  la obra maestra e Karl Polanyi, La Gran Transformación, este artículo ofrece una periodización de la interaccción dialéctica, o el “doble movimien-to”, para guiar nuestra comprensión del neliberallismo de nuestros días. También se busca arrojar luz sobre algunos cambios recientes en el discurso político desde la crisis financiera mundial de 2008.

JEL: B15; B17; B25

 
El giro no-liberal contemporáneo en economistas: emergencia del neoliberalismo y el posneoliberalismo en la visión de Hirschman
Authors: Grabel Ilene
Published: January 2019

 

Este trabajo está dirigido a responder una pregunta. ¿Cómo podría Albert O. Hirschman tener una teoría del papel de la profesión de los economistas en los impulsos no-liberales que han surgido en muchas partes del mundo? Se argumenta que Hirschman consideraría que la profesión está significativa-mente implicada en haber creado las condiciones que produjeron la crisis democrática en desarrollo. Esto no se debería a la adhesión de la profesión a ningún modelo económico individual, ya sea keynesiano, neoliberal o cualquier otro. En cambio, Hirschman habría arraigado la culpabilidad de la profesión económica en su idealización y búsqueda de la coherencia institucional y política, es decir, en la búsqueda de la pureza teórica y el esfuerzo por realizarla en la práctica. Ese era el proyecto que estrechamente vinculaba a la arrogancia de la profesión económica. Y es sobre la necesidad de humildad, paciencia y reconocimiento de las limitaciones epistémicas de la profesión que Hirschman fue quizás más perspicaz y original.

JEL: B15; B17; B25

 
Populismo en un contexto de crisis, globalización y nacionalismos
Authors: Déniz Espinós José
Published: January 2019

 

“Todo lo que molesta, con lo que no se está de acuerdo, es populista"

(José Mujica)

 

En estas fechas se cumple la primera década de lo que se ha llamado la Gran Recesión, cuando en septiembre de 2008 Lehman Brothers se declaró en bancarrota en Estados Unidos de América (EUA). Luego se comprobó que el problema era del sistema, no de una institución. Si bien este panorama se inició en EUA y rápidamente se fue complejizando, unas condiciones similares hicieron posible que se extendiera a otras partes del mundo, especialmente por su importancia económica a la Unión Europea (UE), aunque sus efectos fueron globales. Asimismo, se aprecia una crisis del pensamiento económico y político que ha servido como referente hasta ahora. Este conjunto de elementos sería el causante o, por lo menos, el catalizador del actual populismo, el fenómeno al que se viene aludiendo mayoritariamente cada vez que se quiere descalificar algo (o a alguien) con lo que no se está de acuerdo, sea a la derecha o a la izquierda.

 

 
Crisis económica y crisis de la economía
Authors: Berzosa Alonso-Martínez Carlos
Published: January 2019

 

La crisis económica que estalla en 2008, aunque tiene unos precedentes ya en el año anterior, va suponer el fin de un ciclo económico y va a tener repercusiones graves en la economía real, pero también va abrir un debate acerca de validez de la economía convencional. Aquí se van a exponer los argumentos de los defensores de la economía convencional, fundamentalmente de Rodrik y las críticas hechas por poskeynesiano, como Galbraith y Keen.  Así como planteamientos de autores marxianos sobre la crisis, fundamentalmente de Bellamy Foster y Magdoff, así como la de Roberts.  Para finalizar analizando las posibles alternativas.
Mercados internacionales de capital, inversión extranjera directa y grandes empresas en México
Authors: Vidal Gregorio
Published: January 2019

En años recientes existe un notable incremento del ingreso de Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) a México. Las cifras de entrada a partir del año 2001 son notablemente superiores a los años previos y se mantienen en montos semejantes o mayores hasta la fecha. No es un hecho específico de la transformación de la economía en el país. La adopción de una política económica que busca atraer capitales del exterior ejecutando cambios legales que propicien su ingreso es parte de acciones de gobierno y transformaciones en muy diversas economías y el incremento de los flujos financieros internacionales una característica destacada de la economía mundial.

Entre los argumentos que las distintas administraciones federales han sostenido desde finales de los años ochenta a la fecha están que la Inversión Extranjera (IE) es una importante fuente de financiamiento y permite incrementar la capacidad de exportación. En el periodo de 1994 a la fecha, cuando es relevante la apertura comercial y financiera la mayor parte del ingreso de IED no es en nuevas inversiones. Son algo mayores las cuentas entre compañías y la reinversión de utilidades de la empresas extranjeras. Además, en las nuevas inversiones un segmento relevante se destina a la compra de empresas, por lo que no impacta positivamente el incremento en la producción. Así, es una parte menor de la IED que ingresa al país la que se asocia al cambio relevante, el desarrollo de una plataforma exportadora en la industria manufacturera.

En el texto se presenta a detalle el caso de la industria automotriz, que incluye importantes montos de nueva IED; pero también de reinversión de utilidades y cuentas entre compañías. Además se trata  de una industria altamente importadora, que destina la mayor parte de su producción al mercado exterior, principalmente a Estados Unidos. Estas inversiones no impulsan encadenamientos productivos internos relevantes y menos una diversificación  de la producción industrial. La situación es semejante en la industria de aparatos y equipos eléctricos y electrónicos. Como en el caso de otras actividades altamente exportadoras, el impulso al crecimiento de la economía es muy limitado y sumadas a otras inversiones de capitales del país y del exterior no han alcanzado una modificación positiva sobresaliente en el coeficiente de inversión.

 

 
Ontologia, epistemologia e axiologia em Pedagogia do Oprimido
Authors: Taveira Adriano Salmar Nogueira e , Severino Antônio Joaquim , Romão Natatcha Priscilla
Published: January 2019

O ensaio tem por objetivo explicitar os fundamentos ontológicos do pensamento educacional de Paulo Freire. Defende a presença desses fundamentos, apesar da prevalência de uma maior ênfase em sua obra na prática educativa concreta, frente à exigência posta aos educadores de responderem às demandas urgentes e imediatas da educação. Argumenta então que a proposta de uma educação como prática da liberdade tem como pressupostos uma démarche epistemológica, a demanda da conscientização, e uma fundamentação onto-antropológica, a condição existencial do ser humano como ente histórico e social, instado a se auto-constituir, no vir-a-ser, como sujeito autônomo, emancipado, ser pessoal em busca de sua plenitude ontológica nas condições ônticas de sua contingência e finitude.
Comparison of mouse and multi-touch for protein structure manipulation in a citizen science game interface
Authors: Muender Thomas , Gulani Sadaab Ali , Westendorf Lauren , Verish Clarissa , Malaka Rainer , Shaer Orit , Cooper Seth
Published: January 2019

We developed a multi-touch interface for the citizen science video game Foldit, in which players manipulate 3D protein structures, and compared multi-touch and mouse interfaces in a 41-subject user study. We found that participants performed similarly in both interfaces and did not have an overall preference for either interface. However, results indicate that for tasks involving guided movement to dock protein parts, subjects using the multi-touch interface completed tasks more accurately with fewer moves, and reported higher attention and spatial presence. For tasks involving direct selection and dragging of points, subjects using the mouse interface performed fewer camera adjustments.
Differential Diagnosis of MutYH-Associated Polyposis from Sporadic Colon Polyps
Authors: Tsukanov A. S. , Shubin V. P. , Kuzminov A. M. , Toboeva M. Kh. , Savelyeva T. A. , Kashnikov V. N. , Shelygin Yu. A.
Published: January 2019

Aim. In this research, we aim to develop a criterion for differentiating MutYH-associated polyposis from sporadic colon polyps.

Materials and methods. A search for mutations in the MutYH gene was carried out using the PCR, electrophoresis and direct sequencing methods among the following groups of people: 18 patients under 45 years old with more than 100 polyps diagnosed in the large intestine; 86 patients over 45 years old with 4–100 polyps; 150 people of the control group.

Results. Mutations in the MutYH gene were detected in 2 out of 18 patients having more than 100 polyps. Among 86 patients with 4–100 polyps, mutations were found in 10 people having more than 20 polyps. Mutations in the MutYH gene were not detected in patients with 4–19 polyps (p <0.05). The pathogenic significance of the disease development was established not only for biallelic, but also for monoallelic mutations.

Conclusion. For the first time, the lower limit of the polyp number has been established, allowing the MutYH-associated polyposis to be differentiated from sporadic polyps.
Caroli Disease (Clinical Observation)
Authors: Nikitin I. G. , Karabinenko A. A. , Nikitin A. E. , Dedov E. I. , Zhukova D. G. , Presnova E. D. , Korvyakov S. A. , Azimov R. H. , Reznik E. V.
Published: January 2019

The incidence of Caroli disease is estimated to be 1 case per 1 million people; as a result, there are very few available clinical observations. At the moment, the treatment of Caroli disease is limited to symptomatic therapy and the prevention of complications, as well as to corrective surgery and liver transplantation.Aim. The aim of this observation is to describe one case of a rare congenital liver disease – Caroli disease – characterised by a segmented non-obstructive fibrocystic dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.Key findings. A 21-year-old woman was hospitalised with the signs of a systemic inflammatory reaction, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, portal hypertension, hepatocellular insufficiency, as well as with the manifestations of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes. At the age of 8, she was diagnosed with a cyst of the bile ducts, which was treated with cystoenteroanastomosis. At the age of 20, in connection with high portal hypertension, portocaval shunting was performed and a mesenteric-caval anastomosis was applied. During the present hospitalisation, an expansion of the intrahepatic bile ducts was revealed by ultrasound and MSCT of the abdominal cavity with contrast, which made it possible to diagnose Caroli disease.Conclusion. A case of Caroli disease is described, which resulted in continuously recurrent cholangitis and biliary cirrhosis. This state required liver transplantation. Caroli disease should be included in differential diagnosis in patients suffering from the fever of unknown origin and cholestasis syndrome. An early diagnosis of Caroli disease is important for preventing complications, improving the quality of life and increasing the life expectancy of patients suffering from this rare disease.
Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association on the Diagnostics and Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Ivashkin V. T. , Maev I. V. , Trukhmanov A. S. , Lapina T. L. , Andreev D. N. , Baranskaya E. K. , Tertychny A. S. , Pirogov S. S. , Sheptulin A. A. , Abdulganieva D. I. , Dicheva D. T. , Zaborovsky A. V. , Ivashkina N. Yu. , Korochanskaya N. V. , Paraskevova A. V.
Published: January 2019

Aim.This paper presents guidelines on the diagnostics and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis, which can be used by practitioners in their everyday practice.

Summary.Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the esophagus characterized by the symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and a pronounced eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa. The EoE diagnostics is based on the clinical manifestations of the disease (dysphagia, food impaction, chest pain regardless of swallowing), as well as on the combination of endoscopic and histological signs. The diagnostic criterion is the eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa with an eosinophil density of ≥ 15 per high power field (×400) in at least one of the biopsy specimens (about 60 eosinophils in 1 mm2). Total IgE levels, peripheral blood eosinophilia and skin allergy tests are considered to be additional diagnostic means. Several approaches are used for the treatment of EoE, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and topical glucocorticosteroids (GCS), as well as elimination diets. The choice of therapy should be individualized, with the mandatory assessment of the treatment efficacy after 6–12 weeks using esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy sampling. Endoscopic dilatation should be considered in patients suffering from severe dysphagia due to esophagus stricture.

Conclusion.Increased incidence of EoE predominantly among children and young people, as well as its chronic character requiring long-term maintenance therapy, make EoE a significant issue to the practice of gastroenterology.
Joint Meeting of the Specialized Russian Federation Ministry of Health Commission on the Gastroenterology Specialty and the Chief Gastroenterologists of the Russian Federal Subjects
Authors: Sheptulin A. A.
Published: January 2019

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Building Material Conversations
Authors: Scott Andrew Elliott  , Chris Cottrell
Published: January 2019

An expanded notion of conversation is developed through a series of large-scale temporary installations, and used to articulate an approach to collaborative creative practice that furthers the discourse of new materialist philosophy. These collaboratively produced installations are introduced into different spaces of a singular building in an iterative engagement sustained over a period of five years. In order to engage "conversationally" with the building, the projects adopt and rephrase the architectural language of their environment. An expanded conversation occurs between materials, creative practitioners, and the architectural site.

This conversational approach is extended through an experimental writing project, where a “cut-up” writing technique functions as a third author that disrupts, complicates, and needs to be accounted for through the writing process. An iterative series of texts reflect on the ideas at play in the installations, raising new questions that are addressed in later installation projects. The built projects and the experimental writings raise larger questions about relationships between humans and surrounding environments, which unfold through our collaborative journey of creatively “getting to know” a building.
Enucleación esofágica de leiomioma asistida por robot: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Buitrago Ramirez Miguel Ricardo , Ramirez Pereira Jorge , Salcedo Miranda Diego Fernando
Published: January 2019

Introducción: los leiomiomas esofágicos son tumores benignos, que son resecados por enucleación esofágica cuando son mayores de 5 cm o en lesiones de cualquier tamaño que sean sintomáticos o sospechosos de malignidad. Tradicionalmente, se ha realizado la resección por técnica de enucleación abierta; sin embargo, la cirugía mínimamente invasiva ha surgido como una técnica con grandes ventajas y, en especial, la tecnología robótica parece ofrecer ventajas.Caso clínico: se reporta un caso de leiomioma esofágico del esófago medio con enucleación mediante el uso de una técnica toracoscópica asistida por robot. La esofagoscopia intraoperatoria y la transiluminación fueron complementos útiles para identificar el esófago y desarrollar un plano de disección extramucosa seguro, que junto con la asistencia robótica parecen minimizar los riesgos intraoperatorios, entre ellos, potencialmente la probabilidad de lesión mucosa, y mejoran el tiempo de recuperación postoperatoria.
Divertículo rectal sintomático
Authors: Gomez Venegas Alvaro Andres
Published: January 2019

Los divertículos rectales son hallazgos inusuales durante la colonoscopia o estudios radiológicos del colon. Se estima una prevalencia aproximada del 1 % y se presenta con mayor frecuencia en hombres entre la sexta y novena década de la vida. En la mayoría de pacientes son asintomáticos, aunque algunos pueden cursar con síntomas o complicaciones relacionadas. Se reporta el caso de una paciente con divertículo rectal grande con dolor abdominal y estreñimiento.