bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desert Biomes
Authors: Quinn Joyce A.
Published: January 2024

This volume in the Greenwood Guides to Biomes of the World focuses on deserts, the seemingly desolate—but actually quite lively—regions that are home to some of the most interesting and beautiful flora and fauna in the world. Desert Biomes examines three different types of biomes: warm/hot deserts (such as the Mojave and Sahara deserts), cold deserts (such as Patagonia in South America), and the West Coast Fog Desert biomes, which occur on certain regions of the western edge of major continents. The volumes examines how these biomes are unique in terms of their vegetation, geographical distribution, soil, challenges posed by the environment, adaptation of the plants and animals to the environment, and conservation efforts. Maps, photos, diagrams, drawings, and tables accompany the text, as do sidebars that highlight habitats, species, and ecological relationships. The volume includes a bibliography of accessible resources for further research.
Economic Structures of Antiquity
Authors: Silver Morris
Published: January 2024

The economy of the ancient Middle East and Greece is reinterpreted by Morris Silver in this provocative new synthesis. Silver finds that the ancient economy emerges as a class of economies with its own laws of motion shaped by transaction costs (the resources used up in exchanging ownership rights). The analysis of transaction costs provides insights into many characteristics of the ancient economy, such as the important role of the sacred and symbolic gestures in making contracts, magical technology, the entrepreneurial role of high-born women, the elevation of familial ties and other departures from impersonal economics, reliance on slavery and adoption, and the insatiable drive to accumulate trust-capital. The peculiar behavior patterns and mindsets of ancient economic man are shown to be facilitators of economic growth.

In recent years, our view of the economy of the ancient world has been shaped by the theories of Karl Polanyi. Silver confronts Polanyi's empirical propositions with the available evidence and demonstrates that antiquity knew active and sophisticated markets. In the course of providing an alternative analytical framework for studying the ancient economy, Silver gives critical attention to the economic views of the Assyriologists I.M. Diakonoff, W.F. Leemans, Mario Liverani, and J.N. Postgate; of the Egyptologists Jacob J. Janssen and Wolfgang Helck; and of the numerous followers of Moses Finley. Silver convincingly demonstrates that the ancient world was not static: periods of pervasive economic regulation by the state are interspersed with lengthy periods of relatively unfettered market activity, and the economies of Sumer, Babylonia, and archaic Greece were capable of transforming themselves in order to take advantage of new opportunities. This new synthesis is essential reading for economic historians and researchers of the ancient Near East and Greece.
Ethiopia
Authors: Milkias Paulos
Published: January 2024

This book is the most complete, accessible, and up-to-date resource for Ethiopian geography, history, politics, economics, society, culture, and education, with coverage from ancient times to the present.

Ethiopia is a comprehensive treatment of this ancient country's history coupled with an exploration of the nation today. Arranged by broad topics, the book provides an overview of Ethiopia's physical and human geography, its history, its system of government, and the present economic situation.

But the book also presents a picture of contemporary society and culture and of the Ethiopian people.
Eugenics
Authors: Lynn Richard
Published: January 2024

Lynn argues that the condemnation of eugenics in the second half of the 20th century went too far and offers a reassessment. The eugenic objectives of eliminating genetic diseases, increasing intelligence, and reducing personality disorders he argues, remain desirable and are achievable by human biotechnology. In this four-part analysis, Lynn begins with an account of the foundation of eugenics by Francis Galton and the rise and fall of eugenics in the twentieth century. He then sets out historical formulations on this issue and discusses in detail desirability of the new eugenics of human biotechnology. After examining the classic approach of attempting to implement eugenics by altering reproduction, Lynn concludes that the policies of classical eugenics are not politically feasible in democratic societies.

The new eugenics of human biotechnology--prenatal diagnosis of embryos with genetic diseases, embryo selection, and cloning--may be more likely than classic eugenics to evolve spontaneously in western democracies. Lynn looks at the ethical issues of human biotechnologies and how they may be used by authoritarian states to promote state power. He predicts how eugenic policies and dysgenic processes are likely to affect geopolitics and the balance of power in the 21st century. Lynn offers a provocative analysis that will be of particular interest to psychologists, sociologists, demographers, and biologists concerned with issues of population change and intelligence.
Google
Authors: Scott Virginia
Published: January 2024

It's the American dream—start a company, make a fortune, and retire early. But to become multimillionaires in their twenties, as Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin did, boggles the mind. All they did, after all, is come up with a better way to search for things on the Internet, right? Only in part. No company achieves a market value in the range of $172 billion (in early 2008) based on a single good idea. This new entry in the Corporations That Changed the World series shows how Google exploited the rage for click through ads, instant news, mapping and satellite imagery, email, and more to create a high-tech behemoth that has done nothing less than change the way we work and live.

Chapters in the book:

• Explain the importance of the company and the essential disruptions it introduced that changed business forever. -Detail Google's origins and brief history

• Present biographies of the founders and the historical context in which they launched the company. -Explain Google's strategies and innovations

• Show how Google's treatment of employees—food for free, concierge services, laundry facilities, and more—set the bar high for any company eager to attract the best and brightest

• Assess Google's impact on society, technology, processes, methods, etc. (Huge, considering that the company's name has become a verb in the English language!)

• Show how Google beat Yahoo and other companies working hard to create a roadmap of the Internet. -Detail financial results over the years

• Predict Google's future prospects and successes.

In addition, author Virginia Scott offers special features that include a look at the colorful people associated with Google, interesting trivia, ethical issues and controversies, a focus on products, what its detractors have to say, and a look at where the company is headed. Google—a company that changed, and is changing, the world.
Hanging Out
Authors: Hill Valerie , Allen Tennille Nicole
Published: January 2024

How does socializing and "hanging out" with friends play a key role in our lives? This book explores the world of socialization as it occurs in the United States as well as other cultures.

Socialization and enjoying downtime with friends is an activity we regularly participate in but often take for granted. "Hanging out" may be something most people don't ponder, but socializing across our lifetimes is a key part of the human experience, and it plays an important role in our lives at the individual level as well as in social interactions within larger numbers of people: groups of friends, communities, entire countries or cultures, and even global society.

A new title in Greenwood's The Psychology of Everyday Life series, Hanging Out: The Psychology of Socializing applies theories and concepts from psychology and sociology to explain the functions, benefits, harms, and consequences of how we spend our free time. Readers will learn about the many forms of socializing, discover why socializing is so important, and understand the positive and negative effects of socializing.

The information—presented in a straightforward manner that is easily understandable to high school students and general readers—is drawn from classical theory as well as contemporary, cutting-edge empirical studies, affording readers a well-rounded understanding of socializing based on theoretical and empirical evidence. The book explores topics such as the physical and psychological benefits of socializing, the "dark side" of socializing, how the established "protocols" of socialization differ across cultures, and the differing viewpoints surrounding current controversies with respect to socializing.
The History of Blacks in Canada
Authors: Junne George H.
Published: January 2024

This fascinating bibliography of source materials clearly demonstrates the significant roles blacks have played in the history and culture of Canada from its beginnings as well as their 400-year fight for equity and justice. Organized by area of endeavor and by province, the source materials detailed here reveal that blacks in Canada have created a rich, diverse, and complex legacy. This volume lists resources that point to blacks' history as soldiers, prospectors, educators, cowboys, homesteaders, entertainers, legislators, athletes, artists, servants, and writers.

The most comprehensive bibliography about blacks in Canada that has been published, it is well organized to facilitate locating specific topics or people spanning black history. Also included are newspapers and videos that add their own unique contribution. Academicians, researchers, students, and interested lay people will find an organized compilation of a vast number of primary and secondary sources about blacks in Canada.
The History of Spain
Authors: Pierson Peter
Published: January 2024

Every school and public library should update its resources on Spain with this lively and succinct narrative of Spain's long and rich historical experience. Emphasizing people rather than abstract developments, this narrative makes Spanish history readable and engaging. Based on the most recent scholarship, it examines the politics, society, economy, and culture of Spain chronologically, focusing on the last two centuries. Pierson, a noted authority on Spanish history, traces Spain's foundations in the Roman empire and Muslim conquest to its golden age in the late Middle Ages, its subsequent decline, and its struggle to build a democratic government and modern economy following the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. The work provides a timeline of events in Spanish history, brief biographies of key figures, and a bibliographic essay of interest to students and general readers.

An introductory chapter offers an overview of Spain today, its geography, government and politics, economy, religion, and culture. The next few chapters discuss its earliest cultures, its place in the Roman empire, its Christianization and years as a Germanic kingdom, and its incorporation in 711 C.E. by military conquest into the world of Islam. The energies developed in the Christian reconquest of Spain led to its embarkation on the conquest of an overseas empire in the Americas and the Philippines that lasted for more than 300 years and had a profound effect on global history. The interests of the Habsburg (1516-1700) and Bourbon (1700-1808, 1814-1868, and 1875-1931) dynasties on the Spanish throne made Spain a major player in European power politics into the years of the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars. By 1825, its resources drained, Spain painfully adjusted to straightened circumstances, endured civil wars and dictatorships, and struggled to build a democratic government and modern economy, which it has accomplished today.
Homelessness in America
Authors: Wakin Michele
Published: January 2024

This title provides a one-stop resource for understanding the crisis of homelessness in the United States. It covers risk factors for homelessness, societal attitudes about the homeless, and public and private resources designed to prevent homelessness and help those in need.

There are a number of questions to be answered when addressing the subject of homelessness in the United States. What are the primary causes of homelessness? What are the economic and socioeconomic factors that have an impact on homeless people? What demographic trends can be identified in homeless populations? Is the U.S. addressing the needs and concerns of homeless people adequately? Where are the areas with the highest homeless populations? What can be done to help homeless people who live with mental illness and/or addiction problems?

Homelessness in America: A Reference Handbook answers all of these questions and more. It thoroughly examines the history of homelessness in the U.S., shining a light on the key issues, events, policies, and attitudes that contribute to homelessness and shape the experience of being homeless. It places special emphasis on exploring the myriad problems that force people into homelessness, such as inadequate levels of affordable housing, struggles with substance abuse, and gaps in the U.S.' social welfare system. In addition, it explains why some demographic groups are at heightened risk of homelessness.
International Handbook on Alcohol and Culture
Authors: Heath Dwight B.
Published: January 2024

The first authoritative guide to how the world drinks, this reference details alcohol use in different countries and cultures. Variation is striking, with alcohol sometimes a food, a sacrament, a symbol, a tool, a tranquilizer, a medicine, a love potion, or an object of scorn—often with very different meanings and uses in a single country. This volume reveals multicultural and ethnic beliefs, practices, and attitudes about drinking around the world.

An extensive introduction discusses the close link between alcohol and culture and provides a foundation for the rest of the book. Each of the following chapters is written by an expert contributor and discusses alcohol and culture in a particular country. Chapters discuss historical trends, drinking among ethnic and religious minorities, national policies, and social outcomes. Countries range from industrial nations known for their alcohol research, to developing nations and to places famous for drinking. A concluding chapter highlights important similarities and differences.
Isabel Allende
Authors: Cox Karen C.
Published: January 2024

Isabel Allende garnered immediate attention and international acclaim with the 1982 publication of House of Spirits. Allende drew favorable comparisons to male Latin American writers who were dominating a boom movement that mixed political and magical themes. Yet her engaging epic became a bestseller based on its artistic merit, regardless of gender issues, and her ensuing output of fiction and nonfiction continued to establish her esteemed place in the literary ranks. This Critical Companion introduces readers to Allende's writings with accessible literary analysis of her six novels, featuring discussions of plot, character development, thematic concerns and style, historical contexts, and alternative critical perspectives.

A fascinating biographical chapter traces Allende's journey from wife, mother, and journalist in Chile to internationally acclaimed author. Her life story—as stimulating as her novels—offer students and readers a better understanding of the historical and political forces that informed her work. The Literary Heritage chapter provides will deepen readers' appreciation for Allende's contributions to, and place in, the Latin American literary tradition. A select bibliography includes reviews and resources that will be especially useful for student research projects.
Leaders from the 1960s
Authors: Leon David De
Published: January 2024

The throngs at Woodstock, Jane Fonda in Hanoi, I Have a Dream, burning draft cards, fire in the streets--these images of the 1960s are still very much alive today. What happened to the people and principles that dominated that decade? Which leaders from those turbulent years had the most lasting effect on our lives today? How well have the principles for which those leaders fought so strongly withstood the test of time? This thought-provoking biographical dictionary allows the reader to study the leaders, both conservative and liberal, their ideals, and their enduring influence.

With major sections on racial democracy, peace and freedom, sexuality and gender, the environment, radical culture, and visions of alternative societies, Leaders from the 1960s includes entries on a wide selection of nationally prominent activists of the 1960s. In addition to those who dominated only the sixties, the volume includes earlier activists who came into prominence in the 1960s and activists of the era who came into prominence since the 1960s. Each entry provides a biographical sketch, but the focus of the entries is on the person's basic concepts or the essence of his or her work and the public response it generated. Included are extensive bibliographies on the individuals and the period.
Nightmares
Authors: McNamara Patrick
Published: January 2024

We've nearly all been there at least once - awakened with a pounding heart and the memory of frightening scenes that seemed so real, but were conjured up and existed only in the sleeping mind. Nightmares affect people across countries and cultures, with some 10 percent of the world's population reporting recurrent nightmares. Parents have reported, and science has recorded, nightmares in children as young as 18 months old. Up to 40 percent of children aged 2 to 12 experience nightmares, as do some 35 percent of veterans and 50 percent of adults with chronic illness. With this book, a psychologist widely known in his field shows how nightmares evolved and were useful to ancestral populations, and why nightmares may carry beneficial functional effects even today for people who suffer from the pulse-pumping dreams. McNamara brings us up to date on the biology of nightmares and what, specifically, happens in the brain during the event. He also explains the history and development of nightmares and likely causes, including traumatic events, psychological and physical disorders, and commonly consumed medications.
The Poems of Edward Taylor
Authors: Guruswamy Rosemary F.
Published: January 2024

Edward Taylor (1642-1729) was one of the most influential ministers in Puritan New England. He was also a prolific but unpublished poet. With the discovery of his poetry in 1936 and the publication of a nearly complete volume in 1960, his reputation as the premiere early American poet has grown immensely. His widely anthologized work is taught in most introductory American literature courses and nearly all courses on early American literature. This reference is a convenient guide to his poetry, including a summarization of the current state of scholarship on his work.

Beginning with an overview of his life and times, this reference analyzes Taylor's Preparatory Meditations and Gods Determinations, along with his other poems, in light of Puritan doctrine and his thoughts about poetry. The book traces the genesis of his works, their editorial and publication history, and the complex cultural and historical background of his writings. Later chapters discuss his themes, his poetic art, and the reception of his works. A brief bibliographical essay completes the volume.
Pop Goes the Decade
Authors: Giordano Ralph G.
Published: January 2024

Covering significant historical and cultural moments, public figures and celebrities, art and entertainment, and technology that influenced life during the decade, this book documents the 1950s through the lens of popular culture.

On the surface, the 1950s was a time of post-war prosperity and abundance. However, in spite of a relaxation of immigration policies, the "good life" in the 50s was mainly confined to white non-ethnic Americans. A new Cold War with the Soviet Union intended to contain the threat of Communism, and the resulting red scare tinged the experience of all U.S. citizens during the decade.

This book examines the key trends, people, and movements of the 1950s and inspects them within a larger cultural and social context. By highlighting controversies in the decade, readers will gain a better understanding of the social values and thinking of the time. The examination of the individuals who influenced American culture in the 1950s enables students to gauge the tension between established norms of conformity and those figures that used pop culture as a broad avenue for change—either intentionally, or by accident.
Daya Serap Daun Linggua (Pterocarpus indicus) Terhadap Polutan Timbal (Pb) Asap Kendaraan Bermotor Di Jalan Halong Kota Ambon
Authors: Sikdewa Ida Fitria , Kaliky Fitriyanti
Published: January 2024

Pencemaran udara merupakan masalah yang umumnya terjadi diperkotaan. Sumber pencemaran udara terbesar di kota Ambon berasal dari transportasi kendaraan bermotor. Meningkatnya kepadatan kendaraan bermotor di kota Ambon seiring dengan meningkatnya laju pembangunan. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi pencemaran Pb adalah dengan pengadaan hutan kota, salah satunya adalah jalur hijau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengukur kemampuan pohon linggua (P.indicus) sebagai tanaman jalur hijau di Jl. Halong kota Ambon dalam menjerap timbal (Pb), dan mengkaji hubungan antara kepadatan kendaraan bermotor dengan konsentrasi jerapan timbal (Pb) pada daun linggua (P.indicus). Tahapan penelitian yang di lakukan adalah penentuan jenis pohon, pengambilan sampel daun, dan analisis jerapan timbal pada daun. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata konsentrasi jerapan Pb pada bagian tajuk pada bagian atas adalah sebesar 1,18 dan rata-rata tajuk bagian bawah adalah sebesar 0,97.
Pengaruh pemberian larutan tembaga terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Ode Asmi , Hulopi Fauzia , Watimury Pebrywati , Sampulawa Sriyati , Bahalwan Farida , Nirmala Wa , Derlean Abdullah
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian larutan tembaga terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bunga matahari (H. annuus L.). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 konsentrasi perlakuan logam Cu yaitu P0: 0 mg/L, P1: 100 mg/L, P2: 200 mg/L dan P3: 500 mg/L, dengan 5 ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan sehingga didapatkan 20 sampel tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan merendam biji bunga matahari kultivar dalam wadah berisi air hangat selama semalam kemudian ditanam pada polybag. Tanaman dipelihara secara intensif hingga berumur 2 minggu setelah tanam dan dilakukan aplikasi Cu. Logam Cu yang digunakan berupa garam CuSO4.5H2O. Pemberian larutan Cu dilakukan setelah tanaman mengalami aklimatisasi selama 1 minggu (tanaman berumur ± 5 minggu). Cu yang diaplikasikan berupa garam CuSO4.5H2O yang mengandung kurang lebih 25% ion Cu. Garam tersebut dilarutkan dalam aquades sebanyak 1L sesuai konsentrasi dan diberikan 4 kali dalam jangka waktu 2 minggu hingga larutan Cu habis. Larutan Cu sebanyak 250 ml disiramkan ke tanah disekitar tanaman secara hati-hati agar tidak kontak langsung dengan batang tanaman. Pada perlakuan kontrol tidak dilakukan penyiraman garam CuSO4.5H2O. Setelah pemberian Cu, dilakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran parameter pertumbuhan. Parameter pertumbuhan terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan panjang akar tanaman. Data hasil pengamatan disajikan dalam bentuk gambar dan pengukuran akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANAVA) dan diuji lanjut dengan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian larutan Cu berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bunga matahari. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi Cu mengakibatkan terhambatnya tinggi tanaman, penurunan jumlah daun, dan terhambatnya pemanjangan akar tanaman.
SKIN AGING AND THE EFFECTS OF GLYCATION
Authors: Rodrigues Ferreira Isabella
Published: January 2024

Aging being a paradigm for aesthetic medicine nowadays, and with the concern to block or delay the aged appearance among people, with the increase in life expectancy and care, the progression of skin aging is considered a process irreversible, progressive and dynamic. However, it can be delayed with aesthetic and daily care such as the use of home care and adequate food. The poor diet performed due to stressful and agitated routines causes an influence on the acceleration of the skin aging process. It is taken into account that the consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates and fats provides the glycation process in a non-enzymatic way. The glycation process occurs between glucose and proteins, triggering end products such as advanced glycation (AGEs). Proteins with a half-life similar to that of collagen, are more susceptible to this process. In short, it is possible to verify that, according to the progress of the skin aging process, people seek to block or delay this physiological process even more, looking for aesthetic alternatives such as microneedling and food reeducation with diets low in carbohydrates and fat.
Educating for a Just World: Empowering K-12 Students as Global Democratic Digital Citizens
Authors: Hughes Janette , Robb Jennifer , Gadanidis Molly
Published: January 2024

Given the incredible growth in online activity since the global pandemic, there is a need for an updated approach to digital citizenship education that positions students as critical designers and producers who use their learning to inform, to support, and to offer opportunities for change in their communities. In this paper, we examine some of the recent conceptualizations of digital citizenship, human rights education, and global citizenship to identify their intersections and move toward the development of a Global Democratic Digital Citizenship framework for K-12 education. We argue that current frameworks target distinct skills and competencies that enable individualistic performance of global and digital citizenship actions but neglect the development of democratic characteristics and the ways in which these are mediated by digital technologies. Students must understand how to engage respectfully with others, make their voice heard, become interculturally intelligent, and act responsibly and democratically online. Citizenship entails participation in representative democracy; therefore, citizenship education must empower youth to actively engage in local and global democratic processes through both physical and digital channels.
Primeiros socorros como necessidade formativa: inclusão na prática pedagógica
Authors: Fortes Machado Paulo Henrique , Marinho de Carvalho Jeferson Luis
Published: January 2024

A proposta apresentada consiste em proporcionar ações educativas que favoreçam resolutividade em ocorrências que necessitam de ações imediatas em Primeiros Socorros, até a chegada de um serviço especializado, bem como a melhoria de práticas de educação em saúde no cenário escolar estudado, apresentando um material educativo orientador que propõe reconhecer agravos à saúde e agir diante de situações que impliquem noções de Primeiros Socorros no contexto dessa Instituição. Desse modo, a contextualização desse material é condizente com as recomendações da Lei 13.722/2018, conhecida como Lei Lucas, enquanto política pública voltada à promoção da saúde, pois se apresenta como instrumento que poderá ser utilizado em processos formativos ofertados, não apenas pelo IFPI/Campus Parnaíba, mas também por outras instituições de ensino. A Lei 13.722 tornou-se referência ao se abordar essa temática, pois tornou obrigatória a capacitação em noções básicas de Primeiros Socorros de professores e funcionários de estabelecimentos de ensino públicos e privados de educação básica e de estabelecimentos de recreação infantil em noções básicas de Primeiros Socorros (Brasil, 2018). As intercorrências clínicas abordadas nesse documento são: ferimento/corte, choque elétrico, queda, desmaio, queimadura, crise de pânico, convulsão, entorse/luxação, fratura, asfixia – cujas discussões fortaleceram ações voltadas ao projeto que originou a Lei Lucas – e abordagem à vítima de parada cardiorrespiratória – por constituir um grave problema de saúde pública. Enfatiza-se que essa produção não abrange todas as intercorrências em primeiros socorros, nem tem a finalidade de formar socorristas, reportando a técnicas simples já conhecidas e evidenciadas cientificamente, mas que necessitam de revisões e atualizações constantes. Desta forma, buscou-se proporcionar uma abordagem de fácil compreensão e execução de ações necessárias para realização correta dos Primeiros Socorros.
The Myth of Vilnius and Its Revision in the Diaries of Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas
Authors: Žvirgždas Manfredas
Published: January 2024

One of the key figures of the Lithuanian-speaking intellectual elite, Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas (1893–1967) formulated the programme of cultural nationalism, and he himself was inspired by the interwar political rhetoric. The “question of Vilnius”, which was instigated by the mobilised patriotic forces, was identified as crucial problem for the existance of the state. In his diaries of the 1938–1945, the writer and academician responded enthusiastically to the fulfilment of the political vision of the “eternal capital” in September of 1939. He cared for the reinforcement of ethnic Lithuanian cultural positions during the struggle of totalitarian regimes in 1940–1944. Some connotations of geopolitical imperialism can be seen in the diary, when the diarist insists on the urgent “re-Lithuanisation” of the public sphere. When in 1940 Mykolaitis-Putinas a well-acknowledged professor of literary studies, finally moved to the city, which has been so clearly visualised in the collective imagination for several decades, he familiarised himself extensively with the topography and cultural heritage of Vilnius. On the one hand, he never felt a stranger in the heterotopic territory; on the other hand, he seldom expressed tolerance towards the native inhabitants of the city. In the newly gained capital, Mykolaitis-Putinas tried to save the ethnocentric institutions of cultural memory (Institute of Lithuanian Studies, museums and archives preserving Lithuanian heritage). He supported the main Lithuanian-dominated cultural and educational institutions, such as the reformed Vilnius University, the Philharmonic, and the Academy of Sciences.
We Tried to Adhere to the Hippocratic Oath—Above All, Do No Harm!
Authors: Vasiliauskas Saulius
Published: January 2024

Lituanistę, socialinių mokslų daktarę docentę Reginą Kuzmaitę-Norkevičienę kalbina Saulius Vasiliauskas
Mi salud en la nutrición e higiene: Guía educativa infantil
Authors: Saavedra Alvarado Carlos Julio , Saavedra Alvarado Elsie Antonieta , Parrales Flores Kelly Lissette , Cotto Aguilar Maddelyn Teresa
Published: January 2024

Introducción: El contexto de salud en Ecuador enfrenta desafíos como la desnutrición, siendo la provincia de Santa Elena una de las áreas más afectadas con un 37% de desnutrición crónica en niños de 0 a 5 años. El objetivo del trabajo es exponer las características de la población infantil en Santa Elena, y proporcionar un diagnóstico situacional sobre el conocimiento de los padres en hábitos saludables y nutrición.
Materiales y métodos: Investigación cuali-cuantitativa y longitudinal mediante recolección de datos a través de temas específicos en salud, a infantes (representado por los padres), que acuden a los centros de salud de la provincia de Santa Elena.
Resultados: Se ejecutó en 840 infantes que acudieron a las unidades de salud. El 59% de los padres desconocen temas de salud integral. El 63% de ellos no poseen conocimiento en estado nutricional infantil. El 55% presenta falencias en el manejo de la higiene de sus hijos, más aún en los primeros meses de vida extrauterina. El 85% no han sido orientados mediante una guía básica en salud, nutrición e higiene.
Conclusión: Es necesario fomentar la conciencia en los padres de familia de niños menores de 5 años sobre la responsabilidad de la salud integral, promoviendo estilos de vida saludables a nivel individual, familiar y comunitario, destacando la importancia de la infancia como período crucial en el desarrollo y resaltando la necesidad de una guía educativa específica para la salud infantil en Ecuador.
Editorial
Authors: Gilbert Orús Mónica D.
Published: January 2024

N/A
Propuesta para lograr eficiencia energética en los procesos de destilación de alcohol
Authors: Pérez Velázquez Vicente , Lahera Portelles Franklyn , Rojas Rojas Victor Manuel
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo, ofrece a los lectores un análisis del resultado de la investigación sobre la obtención de energía en el proceso de destilación del alcohol, acción realizada en el año 2022. La trayectoria investigativa desplegada reveló las principales debilidades durante el proceso de producción del alcohol con bajos indicadores de eficiencia fundamentalmente en los energéticos. El artículo cumple dos objetivos fundamentales: a) revelar las insuficiencias teórico-metodológicas, que en el proceso de destilación del alcohol limitan la efectividad del uso de la energía;b) Exponer alternativas de solución innovadoras para el uso eficiente de la energía, como resultado del estudio realizado.
Impacto generado por la comunidad estudiantil universitaria en economía de un municipio mexicano
Authors: Jaramillo García Karen Guadalupe , García Hernández Patricia , Jaramillo Jaramillo Marcela
Published: January 2024

El impacto económico se entiende como el efecto que una medida o acción generan en la economía. La presencia de un Centro Universitario en el municipio de Temascaltepec, Estado de México, con una población de más de 1000 estudiantes, genera efectos económicos que son notorios a simple vista, aunque estos no han sido cuantificados.  Así, el objetivo principal de esta investigación fue evaluar el impacto que la comunidad universitaria genera sobre la economía de la cabecera municipal a partir de su contribución al PIB. Con tal fin, se realizó una investigación cuantitativa a partir de datos estadísticos e información recabada de fuentes primarias a través de entrevistas con informantes clave, la información se plasmó y analizó a partir matrices input-output. Como resultado se pudo medir el gasto y derrama económica generada por la comunidad universitaria y por los agentes relacionados con ella hasta antes de la contingencia sanitaria de 2020. Se encontró que para el año 2019, esta derrama económica equivalía a 7.64% al PIB municipal, reflejado principalmente en términos de renta y empleos generados en actividades directamente relacionadas con la comunidad universitaria.
Expanding the simulation of East Asian super dust storms: physical transport mechanisms impacting the western Pacific
Authors: Kong Steven Soon-Kai , Ravindra Babu Saginela , Wang Sheng-Hsiang , Griffith Stephen M. , Chang Jackson Hian-Wui , Chuang Ming-Tung , Sheu Guey-Rong , Lin Neng-Huei
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Dust models are widely applied over the East Asian region for the simulation of dust emission, transport, and deposition. However, due to the uncertainties in estimates of dust transport, these methods still lack the necessary precision to capture the complexity of transboundary dust events. This study demonstrates an improvement in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model dust treatment during long-range transport of dust from northwestern China to the South China Sea (SCS). To accomplish this, we considered a super dust storm (SDS) event in March 2010 and evaluated the dust scheme by including adjustments to the recent calibration (Dust_Refined_1) and bulk density (Dust_Refined_2) refinements individually and in combination (Dust_Refined_3). The Dust_Refined_3 normalized mean bias of PM10 was −30.65 % for the 2010 SDS event, which was lower in magnitude compared to Dust_Refined_1 (−41.18 %) and Dust_Refined_2 (−49.88 %). Indeed, Dust_Refined_3 improved the simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) value during significant dust cases, e.g., in March 2005, March 2006, and April 2009. Dust_Refined_3 also showed more clearly that, in March 2010, a “double plume” (i.e., one plume originating from the Taiwan Strait and the other from the western Pacific) separated by the Central Mountain Range (CMR) of Taiwan affected dust transport on the island of Dongsha in the SCS. On 15–21 April 2021, both CMAQ simulations and satellite data highlighted the influence of Typhoon Surigae on dust transport to downwind Taiwan and the western Pacific Ocean (WPO). The CMAQ Dust_Refined_3 simulations further revealed that many dust aerosols were removed over the WPO due to Typhoon Surigae. Hence, the model indicated a near-zero dust particle concentration over the WPO, which was significantly different from previous dust transport episodes over the Taiwan region. Therefore, our study suggested an effective method to improve dust management of CMAQ under unique topographical and meteorological conditions.
Country-level estimates of gross and net carbon fluxes from land use, land-use change and forestry
Authors: Obermeier Wolfgang Alexander , Schwingshackl Clemens , Bastos Ana , Conchedda Giulia , Gasser Thomas , Grassi Giacomo , Houghton Richard A. , Tubiello Francesco Nicola , Sitch Stephen , Pongratz Julia
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The reduction of CO2 emissions and the enhancement of CO2 removals related to land use are considered essential for future pathways towards net-zero emissions and mitigating climate change. With the growing pressure under global climate treaties, country-level land-use CO2 flux data are becoming increasingly important. So far, country-level estimates are mainly available through official country reports, such as the greenhouse gas inventories reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Recently, different modelling approaches, namely dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and bookkeeping models, have moved to higher spatial resolutions, which makes it possible to obtain model-based country-level estimates that are globally consistent in their methodology. To progress towards a largely independent assessment of country reports using models, we analyse the robustness of country-level CO2 flux estimates from different modelling approaches in the period 1950–2021 and compare them with estimates from country reports. Our results highlight the general ability of modelling approaches to estimate land-use CO2 fluxes at the country level and at higher spatial resolution. Modelled land-use CO2 flux estimates generally agree well, but the investigation of multiple DGVMs and bookkeeping models reveals that the robustness of their estimates strongly varies across countries, and substantial uncertainties remain, even for top emitters. Similarly, modelled land-use CO2 flux estimates and country-report-based estimates agree reasonably well in many countries once their differing definitions are accounted for, although differences remain in some other countries. A separate analysis of CO2 emissions and removals from land use using bookkeeping models also shows that historical peaks in net fluxes stem from emission peaks in most countries, whereas the long-term trends are more connected to removal dynamics. The ratio of the net flux to the sum of CO2 emissions and removals from land use (the net-to-gross flux ratio) underlines the spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the drivers of net land-use CO2 flux trends. In many tropical regions, net-to-gross flux ratios of about 50 % are due to much larger emissions than removals; in many temperate countries, ratios close to zero show that emissions and removals largely offset each other. Considering only the net flux thus potentially masks large emissions and removals and the different timescales upon which they act, particularly if averaged over countries or larger regions, highlighting the need for future studies to focus more on the gross fluxes. Data from this study are openly available via the Zenodo portal at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8144174 (Obermeier et al., 2023).
Identifying vulnerable populations in urban society: a case study in a flood-prone district of Wuhan, China
Authors: Xu Jia , Takahashi Makoto , Li Weifu
Published: January 2024

Abstract. In the context of unprecedented extreme weather and climatic events, the internal structural factors of society play a decisive role in determining the extent to which human beings are affected by disasters and their ability to respond to them. In the past few decades, rapid urbanization in developing countries, such as China, has greatly increased social vulnerability. This process has generated uneven living conditions and created many vulnerable groups, including urban poverty, migrants, and socially and geographically marginalized groups. These groups face difficulties in living conditions, education, livelihood stability, and more. This study sets up indicators from a micro-perspective: three indicators of exposure, four indicators of sensitivity, and eight indicators of adaptive capacity. Based on this evaluation index system, this study conducted a social vulnerability assessment of the population in Hongshan District, Wuhan, China, through individual questionnaire surveys. K-means cluster analysis was used to determine high, medium, and low levels of social vulnerability, which were used to compare different community types and identify vulnerable groups. The results showed close interrelationships between different types of communities in terms of physical and built environments as well as varying levels of social vulnerability to disasters. The high-vulnerability group accounted for 12.9 % of the 599 samples, the medium-vulnerability group accounted for 48.4 %, and the low-vulnerability group accounted for 38.7 %. The higher-vulnerability groups exhibited characteristics such as low education, poor health, low annual income, unstable work, and insufficient social security. Quantitative understanding of the degree of dissimilarity in social vulnerability among different communities and populations is significant in reducing social vulnerability and disaster risk specifically and effectively.
Ընթերցանությունը՝ որպես գրագիտության զարգացման գրավական
Authors: Abrahamyan Sirun
Published: January 2024

By combining the abilities and skills of ours and our partners abroad, bringing together the past experience, making the search for new ways a priority, pursuing the realization of our aspirations and goals, promoting the establishment of cooperation among as many libraries as possible, we can bring a number of library directions outlined above to a new milestone. In any case, consolidation, dedication, hard work, the vein to strive, to search for new and advanced, sufficient will has no alternative for us, in the context of overcoming disagreements and technical problems, the ability to face inadequate ex-ternal opinions and convince otherwise.
Los Derechos de los pueblos indígenas como estrategias para la descolonización. Un análisis de sus potencialidades
Authors: Martínez de Bringas Asier
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es llamar la atención sobre la potencialidad de los derechos colectivos indígenas como estrategias para la descolonización. Dividiremos, para ello, el trabajo en varios momentos. Un primer momento en donde se recojan con claridad las interdependencias que han existido entre el discurso del desarrollo y del colonialismo en América Latina. De ahí que los derechos indígenas hagan de estos dos factores los puntales de su estrategia. Un segundo momento, en el que realizaremos un análisis de cómo es interpretado el “giro decolonial” por parte de la red Modernidad/Colonialidad en América Latina, para poner el énfasis en algunas de las limitaciones estructurales de este discurso. En un tercer momento, más propositivo, evidenciaremos cuáles son las principales aportaciones de los derechos indígenas a los procesos de descolonización y con qué principios se articulan los derechos colectivos indígenas para proponer su propio proyecto de descolonización. Finalmente concluiremos con algunas consideraciones para entender las aportaciones de los derechos indígenas como parte de ese proyecto de descolonización.
Польскамоўныя выданні міжваеннага перыяду ў фондах Нацыянальнага Полацкага гісторыка-культурнага музея-запаведніка. Агляд калекцыі
Authors: Філімонава Вольга Аляксандраўна
Published: January 2024

Разглядаюцца асноўныя асаблівасці бытавання польскамоўнай кнігі на беларускіх землях у міжваенны перыяд (1918–1939 гг.); аналізуецца склад калекцыі выданняў на польскай мове гэтага перыяду ў фондах Нацыянальнага Полацкага гісторыка-культурнага музея-запаведніка (НПГКМЗ), звяртаецца ўвага на кнігі катэгорыі беларусікі ў складзе названай калекцыі.
ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА У СФЕРІ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Садковий В.П. , Клочко А.М. , Борисова Л.В. , Нікітіна Л.О. , Коломієць В.С.
Published: January 2024

У статті досліджуються питання наукової розробки проблеми державної політики у сфері технічного захисту інформації, питання організаційних, правових і технічних заходів захисту інформації. Сформульовані основні напрями реалізації державної політики щодо захисту державних інформаційних ресурсів в інформаційно-телекомунікаційних системах та шляхи виконання низки заходів відповідно до визначених завдань. Зазначено, що вимоги безпеки ідентифікуються систематичною оцінкою ризиків, які визначають відповідні управлінські дії та пріоритети управління ризиками інформаційної безпеки для забезпечення зниження ризиків до прийнятного рівня. Визначені принципи та основні напрями формування і проведення державної політики у сфері технічного захисту інформації для унеможливлення реалізації загрози для інформації. Звертається увага на підготовку і видання відповідних нормативно-правових актів та нормативних документів з урахуванням міжнародного досвіду. Зроблено висновок, що забезпечити безпеку комп’ютерної інформації в телекомунікаційній мережі неможливо, так як абсолютно захищена система непридатна для її використання, крім того не всі шляхи подолання безпеки реально відомі.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Fatigue Among Amateur Hip-Hop Dancers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: George Susan Annie , M.L Akash , Parambi Jesvina Vincent
Published: January 2024

Background: Hip hop dance is one of the most physically demanding dance forms causing high incidence of pain and fatigue among amateur hip hop dancers. The pain and fatigue in turn causes them to adopt improper movement techniques and can lead to injuries which is one of the main factors that leads to short lived dance careers.
Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and fatigue among amateur hip hop dancers.
Method: A cross sectional survey study was used. A purposive sample method composed of 103 amateur hip hop dancers between the ages of 10 to 30 years in and around Kerala. The outcome measures used were Modified Nordic Questionnaire for assessing musculoskeletal pain and Fatigue Assessment Scale for assessing the fatigue.
Result: 70 people (67.9%) experienced musculoskeletal pain during the last 3 and 6 months. 34 (33%) people experienced low back pain, 25 people experienced neck pain (24.2%), 22 (21.3%) people have had pain in their wrist/hands, 18 people (17.4%) have had pain in their shoulder and ankle/feet, knee pain was felt by 17 (16.5) people. Using the fatigue assessment scale it was found out that 68 (66%) experienced moderate fatigue and 3(3%) experienced severe fatigue.
Conclusion: From this study we concluded that there is a significant prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and fatigue among amateur hip hop dancers that interferes with their dance participation and makes their careers short lived.

Keywords: Hip-hop dancers, Musculoskeletal pain, Fatigue, Modified Nordic Questionnaire, Fatigue Assessment Scale