bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Chair-Based, Low–Load Elastic Band Resistance Training on Functional Fitness and Metabolic Biomarkers in Older Women
Authors: Stojanović Marko D.M. , Mikić Mladen J. , Milošević Zoran , Vuković Jovan , Jezdimirović Tatjana , Vučetić Vlatko
Published: February 2021

Strength training can improve myriad health parameters in elderly cohorts. Although potentially more appropriate for the elderly, low-load resistance training protocols have been less investigated. We aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of chair-based, low-load resistance training with elastic band (EBT) on functional fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women. One hundred sixty-eight women were allocated randomly to an elastic band resistance training (EBT, n = 86, 75.7 ± 8.9 years, 71.3 ± 12.2 kg) or a control group (CON, n = 82, 74.5 ± 8.2years, 70.6 ± 12.0 kg). RT protocol consisted of periodized chair-based, low-load whole-body resistance exercises (2 sets, 12-15 repetitions, 40-60% of one repetition maximum-1RM) using an elastic band, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The resistance training program was generally designed to maintain internal load over time, provided with increasing intensity using various elastic bands (Thera-Band). Functional fitness (30-s Chair Stand,30-s Arm Curl, 2-min Step Test, Chair Sit-and-Reach, Back Scratch, 8-Foot Up-and-Go, Handgrip Strength) and metabolic markers (Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein) were measured before and after the training period. To detect pre/post intervention changes and between group- differences 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA was applied. Significant improvements over time for all fitness variables for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 12.78, p < 0.05 for 30-s Chair Stand; F = 14.04, p < 0.05 for 30-s Arm Curl; F = 5.18, p < 0.05 for 2-min Step Test; F = 10.90, p < 0.05 for Chair Sit-and-Reach; F = 16.57, p < 0.05 for Back Scratch; F = 11.79, p < 0.05 for 8-foot Up-and-Go; and F = 29.25, p < 0.05 for Handgrip Strength). In addition, significant improvements over time for all but one (triglycerides) biomarkers for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 7.30, p < 0.05 for blood sugar levels; F = 13.36, p < 0.05 for total cholesterol; F = 8.61, p < 0.05 for HDL; and F = 11.53, p < 0.05 for LDL). Furthermore, the participants’ adherence to training sessions of over 90% was reported. In conclusion, 12 weeks of EBT is safe and beneficial for improving health-related fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women and seems to be viable model to ensure a high training adherence rate.
Effects of Physical Activity and Counselling Interventions on Health Outcomes among Working Women in Shanghai
Authors: Wang Hongying , Zhang Tao , Lu Miaomiao , Zeng YuXuan , Xiao Yi , Ren Xiaoling , Zhang Pei
Published: February 2021

Working women in Shanghai are a high-risk group of suffering work stress and burnout. Women have been found to be affected by work-family conflicts, which results in lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL), higher job stress, and burnout. This study evaluated the potential physical activity and counselling intervention effects on health outcomes of working women in Shanghai. Participants were randomly recruited from eight communities of Shanghai using the stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 121 female workers took part in this study, who were randomly divided into three groups: a control group and two intervention groups (individual-based and group-based intervention). The first intervention involved a moderate physical activity program and an individual based counselling intervention, while the second included the same physical activity program, but with a group counselling approach. Both interventions lasted 12 weeks. Subjective perceptions of work stress, burnout, and HRQoL were measured before and after the intervention. In the control group, the HRQoL value decreased after the intervention, with the mean value falling from 91.59 to 87.10, while there was no significant difference found between participants for stress (p = 0.752) and burnout (p = 0.622) before and after the intervention. After the intervention, the value of stress and burnout decreased, and the value of HRQoL increased in the two intervention groups. At the intervention’s completion, there were significant differences compared between the two intervention groups and the control group separately regarding changes in burnout and HRQoL (all p = 0.000). For stress, the group-based intervention group exhibited a significant difference compared to the control group (p = 0.000), while the individual-based intervention group did not (p = 0.128). A Physical activity and counselling intervention delivered either in a group or individual format could reduce stress, burnout, and improve HRQoL of working women in Shanghai, and the group interventions were potentially more effective than those targeted at individuals.
The Association of Baseball Pitch Delivery and Kinematic Sequence on Stresses at the Shoulder and Elbow Joints
Authors: Scarborough Donna Moxley , Leonard Nicholas K. , Mayer Lucas W. , Oh Luke S. , Berkson Eric M.
Published: February 2021

Although there is a commonly held belief within the baseball community that delivery from the stretch confers more stress at the elbow and shoulder joints than delivery from the windup, there remains little evidence in the literature investigating this hypothesis. This study aimed to help address this gap in the literature by studying both intra-pitcher kinematic sequence variability, and intra-pitcher joint torque variability when throwing from the windup vs. the stretch. We hypothesized that 1) each pitchers’ kinematic sequence would remain similar whether throwing from the windup or stretch, and 2) Kinematic sequence would influence peak arm torque more than delivery method. This cross-sectional 3D biomechanical study included 88 pitches thrown by ten (6 collegiate, 4 high school) pitchers with a mean age of 17.60 ± 2.63 years. Pitch velocity, throwing shoulder/elbow torques and the kinematic sequence of each pitch utilizing segmental peak angular velocities were captured. No statistically significant differences in ball velocity (p = 0.17), peak shoulder external rotation torque (p = 0.80), shoulder extension torque (p = 0.97), or elbow valgus torque (p = 0.83) were found between delivery approaches. Three primary kinematic sequences were identified. Shoulder external rotation torque [F(53,2) = 10.992, ɳ2 = .293, p < 0.00], shoulder extension torque [F(53,2) = 15.517, ɳ2 = .369, p < 0.00] and elbow valgus torque [F(53,2) = 9.994, ɳ2 = .274, p < 0.00] did vary significantly across these three kinematic sequence patterns. Our data suggest that the kinematic sequence influences shoulder and elbow torque more than the delivery approach. Instructing ideal kinematic sequence may be more influential for injury avoidance than delivery method.
The mineral composition of cherry (Prunus cerasus Mill.) fruits depending on the scion-stock combination
Authors: Motyleva Svetlana , Upadysheva Galina , Tumaeva Tatyana
Published: February 2021

Cherry is a stone fruit crop that is valued for its early fruiting, productivity, and high taste and diet properties. The researches in the sphere of compatible scion-stock combinations selection of cherry crops with high winter hardiness and fruits quality were held in Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology, and Nursery (FSBSI ARHIBAN) for these crops introduction in industrial gardening of the Central region of Russia. The mineral composition of four cherry cultivars of FSBSI ARHIBAN selection (Apuсhtinskaya, Rusinka, Volochaevka, and Molodezhnaya) grown on rooted and grafted plants (stocks AVCH-2, Izmaylovskiy, and Moskoviya) was studied for the first time. The influence of scion-stock combinations on 11 elements (Na, P, K, Mn, Fe. Mg, Ca. Co, Zn, Se, Mo) accumulation in the fruits was determined. The greatest proportion of mineral substances in cherry fruits belongs to K. Depending on the scion-stock combination its amount is varied from 13.89 mass % (Apuсhtinskaya/Moskoviya) to 30.52 mass % (Molodezhnaya/Izmaylovskiy). For all cultivars fruits, the amount of K is 1.1 – 1.3 times higher on stock Izmaylovskiy than on rooted plants. The variation coefficient of K is low (V %) 1.37 – 6.91 for the majority of scion-stock combinations that indicate the stable entry of this element inside the fruit. The most content of all the elements under study was found in the fruits ash of Rusinka, Molodezhnaya, and Volochaevka on stock Izmaylovskiy that indicates the stable physiological state of the plants on these stocks. Results show that the cherry fruits analyzed could be an alternative to the supplementing of a mineral diet.
Characterization of Lactobacillus species proposed as probiotics
Authors: Fakhry Saad Sabah , Rashid Farqad Abdullah , Khudiar Maha Muhamaed , Ismail Lubna Ayad , Ismail Sarah Khattab , Kazem Reema Jawad
Published: February 2021

An isolated Lactobacillus from several various sources were identified depending on morphological, microscopically and biochemical tests in vitro analysis of probiotic properties that included: an ability to tolerate in different concentration of bile salt, survival in acidic conditions, their antimicrobial activity, and S-layer characterizations were carried out. It was noticed that isolates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. delbrueckii have a broad activity of antimicrobial and found the isolate L. rhamnosus represented with a survival percentage 6.9% at pH 4.5 and 5.1% at pH 2.0) also L. rhamnosus (5.7% at pH 4.5 and 4.9% at pH 2.0) tolerated acidic media, Lactobacillus spp. has antimicrobial activity against all gram-positive and negative tested isolates. 70 kDa of S-layer protein bands were detected with whole-cell SDS-PAGE analysis, and it's predominant in cells of isolates which grown in MRS broth anaerobically. It was noticed that the collected Lactobacillus isolates could be used as probiotic.
The microperforated packaging design and evaluation of shelf life of fresh-sliced mushrooms
Authors: Kizilirmak Esmer Özlem , Koçak Erinç , Şahiner Aslı , Türksever Can , Akin Pinar , Acar Aylin , Adman Nil Deniz
Published: February 2021

Fresh mushrooms have a very short shelf life, of 1 – 3 days because of their high respiration rate and lack of cuticles that protect the plant from external factors. In the case of fresh-sliced mushrooms, they will be more susceptible to spoilage reactions due to the increase in respiration rate as a result of a broader surface area. Conventional packaging materials can not meet the requirements for modified atmosphere packaging of fresh-sliced mushrooms. One of the techniques to extend the fresh-cut produce shelf life is the passive modification of modified atmosphere packaging technology. For highly respiring fresh-cut produce such as fresh-sliced mushrooms, the permeability properties of the polymeric materials might not be enough to provide an equilibrium gas concentration in the passive modification of modified atmosphere technology. In this case, the microperforated packaging materials can be used for passive modification of fresh-cut produce. But the microperforation process needs a design for the application of the appropriate number and diameter of microholes to meet the requirements of passive modified atmosphere packaging. For this reason in this research, the design of the microperforation process to be used in passive modified atmosphere packaging was based on the diameter and the number of microholes, and the shelf life of fresh-sliced mushrooms was determined. The samples were stored at 15 °C/80% RH, and pH, color, weight loss, textural, sensorial, and microbial analysis were performed periodically during storage. It was determined that the empirical equation used in this research can be applied to microperforated packaging design for fresh-sliced mushrooms. The shelf life of the fresh-sliced mushrooms packaged with microperforated packaging material was 8 days, while it was less than 7 days (4, 5, or 6 days) when packaged with non-microperforated packaging material. This result shows that the use of microperforated packaging material is effective in extending the shelf life of fresh-sliced mushrooms.
The Needs Analysis of English Preparatory School Instructors Towards Professional Skills in Higher Education
Authors: Erdoğan Polat , Gürol Mehmet
Published: February 2021

Many factors affect providing high-quality English education and rendering it sustainable. One of these factors is undoubtedly ensuring the professional development of the English language instructors. An important way to guarantee professional development is through needs analysis. Needs analysis is of utmost significance in determining the professional skills that English preparatory instructors require to develop and taking the necessary steps. In this regard, the aim of the study is to determine the professional skills that these instructors need to develop in higher education. Qualitative research method was used in the research to unearth the opinions, thoughts, views and feelings of instructors on professional skills to be improved. Since the research covered only one unit of a higher education institution, a holistic single case design was preferred. Participants included English preparatory school instructors, administrators, students, and senior members of the Faculty of Education. Convenience and criterion sampling techniques were used in the selection of the participants. In the study in which interview technique was used, an interview form was implemented in order to ascertain the professional skills. The data collection process was carried out over the course of eight weeks. Descriptive analysis and content analysis techniques were used in data analysis. While the opinions of the English preparatory school stakeholders were shared via verbatim quotation technique during the descriptive analysis process, the professional skills that English preparatory instructors require to improve were determined via the content analysis of the participants’ relevant opinions. As a result of the research, professional skills that these instructors need to enhance were identified.
Collaboration, culture and communication: Preparing the next generation to provide rural primary health care
Authors: Thomas Tami L. , Caldera Michelle , Glymph Derrick
Published: February 2021

Background and objective: In an ever-changing landscape of health care needs and demands, the ability to provide care for rural communities is often overwhelming. Rural health care in a new decade demands targeted programs to improve recruitment, training, and sustained employment of primary care providers. This project served to address rural primary healthcare needs by the development of a project model to recruit, train, educate and evaluate Advanced Practice Registered Nurse students (APRN) students who were rigorously selected for a rural traineeship and practiced in rural counties. The evaluation of preceptors was also done to assist in retention and increased numbers of rural preceptors and clinical sites. This program was designed collaboratively and implemented with rural community partners and rural healthcare leaders.Methods: Graduate nursing students completed both a paper application and in person interviews to be selected for a rigorous 16-week clinical traineeship in the rural communities. Qualitative data were collected during interview and feedback sessions during their traineeship. Quantitative Data were collected on Process and Outcome Measures focused on learning objectives during their rural traineeship. These data were analyzed and evaluated to measure the effectiveness of program goals, outcomes, and sustainability of the program. Results and conclusions: The results support the structured process for selecting graduate students and with an innovative program design focused on rural culture and accessing resources for patients in these same rural areas. Both students and preceptors had improved performance and satisfaction over time. The results provide a road map to recreate programs with high clinical impact and increasing numbers of rural healthcare providers. Current follow-up data with APRN post program completion demonstrated increase in employment within rural areas post-graduation.
Higher Education Faculty Staff Members' Attitudes toward Students' Inclusion with High Incidence Disabilities in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhaznawi Ameen Ali , Alanazi Abdullah Saleh
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the attitudes of faculty members at higher education toward inclusion for students with high incidence disabilities in higher education. For the aim of this study, a sample of 247 higher education faculty members were therefore collected. Multiple linear regression was conducted for data analysis. Results have shown that university-type accommodation services, training, academic rank, and university region are statistically significant predictors of higher education faculty members’ attitudes toward the inclusion for students with high incidence disabilities in higher education. Some recommendations are hence provided to help improve the inclusion of students with high incidence disabilities in higher education in Saudi Arabia.
Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of Healthcare Providers Affected With Covid-19 at Civil Hospital; Medicity Campus; Ahmedabad; Gujarat
Authors: Parmar Kartikeya G , Parekh Dhaval V , Nogas Jinal , Aroor Bhagyalaxmi , , Raval Devang , Solanki Rajesh
Published: February 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally at a rapid pace, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Healthcare providers are especially vulnerable to infection with important implications. There might be adverse effects on their health, they could transmit the infection to vulnerable patients, family contacts and other staff if not quickly isolated and high rates of infection could cause problems due to health system manpower shortage.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted where a preformed semi-structured questionnaire was sent using Google forms. A total of 311 healthcare providers were sent the form out of which 161 responded. Analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2019 and Google Forms.

Result: 75.16% healthcare providers always wore PPE, 11.18% wore it as per duty requirements and 13.66% used mask and sanitizer in non Covid duty areas. They were infected even with use of protective measures. 14.91% reported having co morbidities. Hypertension 8.7% followed by Diabetes 4.96% was the commonest. A significant association was present between sex and work profile of respondents with hospital admission.

Conclusion: Our study data can be used for making appropriate management strategies. Training should be provided in infection prevention control practices. Duty schedule should be designed so as to evenly distribute duties.
A FEW REMARKS ABOUT THE CHANGE IN THE ORDER OF EXECUTION OF PENALTIES AND MEASURES RESULTING IN THE DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY
Authors: Jaworska-Wieloch Anna
Published: February 2021

The subject of the article is the analysis of the reasons for changing the order of execution of the penalties and measures, regulated in art. 80 of the Executive Penal Code. This topi cis very rarely discussed in the literaturę, despite the fact that convicts, for the reasons indicated in the text, very often want to change the order of execution of the penalties. Despite the multitude of applications sentenced to apply art. 80 of the Executive Penal Code and the high degree of generality of the premises included in this provision, there is a lack of judicature and extensive studies on this subject. Amandment of the Penal Code of June 2020, modifying the premises of art. 85 et seq. of the Cryminal Code, will make this problem even more significant, as the tightening of the requirements of a combined sentence will increase the numer of basic penalties requiring implementation in the prison.
The level of endurance and accuracy of female handball players’ throws
Authors: Sarga Iryna , Bonisławski Jakub , Spieszny Michał
Published: February 2021

Aim. The main aim of the research was to evaluate and compare changes in accuracy of throws performed by KS Cracovia 1906 handball players, before and after endurance effort. Basic procedures. The study was carried out among14 players who played in the second women’s handball division in the 2016/2017 season. The study took place during final preparations for the season, at the beginning of September 2016. The level of durability of the tested players was assessed using the Beep Test and the accuracy of throws, both before and after the endurance effort (after the Beep Test), was analysed, considering the training and endurance experience of the tested handball players. Basic methods of descriptive statistics, the Student’s t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used in the preparation of the results, and to assess the size of differences between the individual players, normalised indicators were calculated. Results main findings. Analysis of the research results presented in the study showed that after a long-term effort of endurance nature, the accuracy of throws among the tested handball players decreased. It seems that they suffered from nervous system fatigue leading to less accurate and less precise performance of motor tasks. Conclusions. On the basis of the analysis performed in the study, the following conclusions were drawn: that the accuracy of throws among KS Cracovia 1906 handball players after a long endurance effort, significantly decreased, and the accuracy of throws, both before and after the endurance effort, does not depend on the training period. Furthermore, more time should be devoted to the formation of aerobic strength in training the tested team.
Effects of probiotic supplementation on selected health indices among a group of competitive cyclists (effect of probiotic therapy on health indices)
Authors: Mazur-Kurach Paulina , Soboń Tomasz , Klimek Andrzej , Frączek Barbara , Klimek-Jelonek Anna
Published: February 2021

Introduction: In scientific reports from recent years, a significant relationship is clearly indicated between the intestinal microbiota and chronic diseases, and the role of selected probiotic strains is emphasized not only in maintaining good health, but also in achieving optimal physical fitness among athletes. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of supplementation with multi-strain probiotics on selected health indices among professional road cycling competitors. Material and methods: The study group comprised cyclists aged 18-26 (N=26), randomly assigned to 2 subgroups: experimental (n=13) and control (n=13), who were administered a multi-strain probiotic or a placebo for 4 months. The experiment was a double-blinded, randomised trial. Assessment of health status, within the context of analysing selected values of haematological and biochemical indices of the blood, urine and faeces, was performed before the examination, after 1 month, 3 months and following completion of the experiment. Results: The 16-week intervention of supplementation with a probiotic preparation was associated with a change in some biochemical blood indices of the studied men. Decreases in the concentration of total protein and alkaline phosphatase were found. The applied 4-month supplementation did not affect the levels of haemoglobin, glucose, keratin kinase or total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides. Probiotic supplementation contributed to inhibiting the growth of intestinal pathogenic bacteria, simultaneously influencing the growth of selected strains of symbiotic bacteria. The changes in the values of the indices measured before and after the end of the experiment and between the groups, were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The assessed blood indices in both subgroups were within the reference ranges, both before starting the probiotic/ placebo and after the supplementation period. The demonstrated changes in the index values suggest a beneficial effect of the probiotic preparation on the composition of the faecal microbiota.
Application of a creative training model and the development of disposition to play among young 10-year-old footballers
Authors: Kaczor Mateusz , Duda Henryk
Published: February 2021

Summary Introduction: Modern tendencies of football education lead towards teaching games for understanding based on the development of mental abilities which may result in players` game creativity. Aim: The aim of the study was to check the impact of the proposed by the authors creative model of teaching young football players on changes in the level of acquiring professional knowledge and the effectiveness of actions in game (gk. + 4 x 4 + gk.). Materials and methods: The research was conducted on a group of football players from the Sports Club` Słomniczanka` Słomniki. The group consisted of 32 young players aged 10 (Junior E). The study was conducted from August 2016 to July 2017. The research used the method of pedagogical experiment and natural experiment. The technique of parallel groups (the experimental and control ones) was applied in the study. In the evaluation of players used the test of special knowledge and observation of players effectiveness in the game (gk. + 4 x 4 + gk.). Results: The analysis of studies showed that creative training program based on intellectual teaching in comparison to the traditional method had a better impact on the level of tested parameters. It was proved by the results of yearly experimental research which shows substantial statistic intergroup differentiation of the evaluation of special knowledge and effectiveness in game. Based on the correlation analysis, it was also found that there are significant relationships between the level of specialist knowledge and effectiveness in game (gk. + 4 x 4 + gk.). Summary: Modern programs of football teaching should include creative methods of training giving opportunities to use special knowledge in solving alternative situations referencing to the specific of the game.
The COVID-19 pandemic and social work – from the first reports in international journals
Authors: Szmagalski Jerzy
Published: February 2021

This text presents an overview of articles in selected peer-reviewed journals of social work containing original reflections and the results of research on its problems during the COVID-19 pandemic which have been published during a period of first five months after its announcement by WHO. The review includes the characteristics of specific difficulties in social work caused by the pandemic, the first reactions to overcome them and considerations on the need to strengthen the role of social work in political strategies to respond to social crises.
Directions and principles of research and application involvement in clinical sociology and social work
Authors: Kaszyński Hubert
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to reflect on the directions and principles of research and applied activity undertaken from the perspective of clinically oriented sociology and social work; the focus of the study is the question of the importance of cooperation between social welfare organizations, analyzed from a dialogical perspective. The empirical inspiration of the presented considerations are actions taken as part of the project 3D Cooperation. Model of multisectoral cooperation in support of individuals and families. The basic recommendation resulting from the analysis is the necessity to rethink the clinical approach in sociology and social work in such a way that the fusion of specific research and application perspectives of these two disciplines strengthens the inter-institutional dialogues initiated in the area of social assistance. Thus, the dominant research and application orientation, synonymous with “an individual and a family” and the “help” provided to them, can be balanced with an approach open to the development potential related to exploring the essence, forms and meanings of cooperation undertaken by people involved in assistance activities.
The order to leave the shared accomodation by the person using violence in the family
Authors: Czarkowska Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

One of the most important elements of effective counteracting domestic violence is ensuring the safety of victims and protecting them from further harm. This is possible mainly by separating the perpetrators from their victims. The large numer of legal instruments of an isolation nature includes also the separation of perpetrators by ordering them to leave the accomodation shared with the person against whom the violence is being used. Due to the insufficient effectiveness of the existing legal instruments, the Act of April 30, 2020 amending the Act – Code of Civil Procedure and certain other acts (Journal of Laws, item 956) introduced new powers and amendments to the existing powers of the Police, Military Police and court. Their goal is to speed up the response of these entities to domestic violence.
"Biosimilar" generic version of biologic products?
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Taher Muhammad , Shaari Siti Syazwani , Susanti Deny ,   Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia
Published: February 2021

Biosimilars are currently popular after the expiry date of patents for biological reference products have expired or soon will expire. Besides, this ‘copycat’ version of biologic products offers much lower costs as compared to the reference products, thus promoting better patient access to the treatment of certain diseases such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, skin disorders, and diabetes. This review aims to determine the differences between biosimilars and generic drugs and highlight some issues related to biosimilar products such as comparability, interchangeability, immunogenicity, extrapolation of indication, current legislation, pharmacovigilance, and naming system. Scientific sources from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier were accessed for preparation of this review article. Biosimilars are not generic drugs as they have a larger and complex structure as compared to generic drugs. Due to that, biosimilars are highly similar but not identical to the reference products. Many regulatory authorities have authorized biosimilars under a distinct regulatory process from that of the generic drugs and subjected them to comprehensive comparability studies with their reference products (analytical, nonclinical in vitro, in vivo studies, and clinical trials). Additional evidence from interchangeability studies, extrapolation of indication studies, immunogenicity profile assessments, and pharmacovigilance studies are also beneficial to assess the efficacy, safety, and quality of the biosimilar before and/or after receiving their regulatory approval. Biosimilars are different from generic drugs due to their complexity in structure and manufacturing process. More comprehensive studies are required to ensure their benefits outweigh the risks.
Predictive Factors of Infant Mortality Using Data Mining in Iran
Authors: Hajipour Mahmoud , Taherpour Niloufar , Fateh Haleh , Yousefi Ebrahim , Etemad Koorosh , Zolfizadeh Fatemeh , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Valadbeigi Tannaz , Mehrabi Yadollah
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Reducing infant mortality in the whole world is one of the millennium development goals.The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to infant mortality using data mining algorithms. Methods: This population-based case-control study was conducted in eight provinces of Iran. A sum of 2,386 mothers (1,076 cases and 1,310 controls) enrolled in this study. Data were extracted from health records of mothers and filled with checklists in health centers. We employed several data mining algorithms such as AdaBoost classifier, Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forests, K-nearest neighborhood, and Naïve Bayes in order to recognize the important predictors of infant death; binary logistic regression model was used to clarify the role of each selected predictor. Results: In this study, 58.7% of infant mortalities occurred in rural areas, that 55.6% of them were boys. Moreover, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest were highly capable of predicting related factors among data mining models. Also, the results showed that events during pregnancy such as dental disorders, high blood pressure, loss of parents, factors related to infants such as low birth weight, and factors related to mothers like consanguineous marriage and gap of pregnancy (< 3 years) were all risk factors while the age of pregnancy (18 - 35 year) and a high degree of education were protective factors. Conclusions: Infant mortality is the consequence of a variety of factors, including factors related to infants themselves and their mothers and events during pregnancy. Owing to the high accuracy and ability of modern modeling compared to traditional modeling, it is recommended to use machine learning tools for indicating risk factors of infant mortality.
Real-world Effectiveness of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: Evidence From a German Single-center Cohort Study
Authors: Beisel Claudia , Herrmann Marissa , Piecha Felix , Lampalzer Sibylle , Buescher Gustav , Pischke Sven , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian
Published: February 2021

Background: Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) is the latest approved pan-genotypic direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, real-world data of GLE/PIB in European patient cohorts are limited. Methods: A single-center cohort of 100 unselected HCV patients seen at the Outpatient Clinic of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf from October 2017 until September 2019 was retrospectively analyzed by chart review with a special focus on demographic clinical and virologic aspects as well as treatment compliance outcome. Results: A total of 99 patients with chronic HCV infection (genotype (GT) 1 - 6), who started antiviral treatment with GLE/PIB, were included. Treatment duration lasted from 4 to 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was a sustained virological response at week 12 (SVR12) after the end of treatment (EoT). Only three patients (3/100; 3%) were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis by non-invasive measures. Ten patients (10/100; 10%) were pre-treated with Interferon (IFN) containing regiments. Most patients received 8 weeks of treatment (96/100; 96%). One patient discontinued treatment after four weeks due to poor compliance (1/100; 1%). A high number of patients were lost to follow-up (22/100; 22%). All patients who were regularly seen to follow-up visits (76/100; 76%) achieved SVR12 (76/76; 100%). Virological relapse occurred in none of the patients. Adverse events (AEs) were rarely reported (4 patients) (4/100; 4%), and none of these patients discontinued treatment. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that initial and re-treatment with GLE/PIB were effective and safe in a German cohort with chronic HCV infection in real-life settings, regardless of GT.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 Correlation with Lymphatic and Vascular Invasion in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rejali Leili , Seyedna Seyed Yoosef , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Nazemalhosseini Mojarad Ehsan , Hashemi Mehrdad
Published: February 2021

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) or Glia activating factor (GAF) is categorized in the paracrine class of the FGF family, which is involved in various cancer development and progressions. Interestingly, the invasion role of FGF9 in colorectal cancer (CRC) was not clarified up to now. Objectives: In the present investigation, the lymphatic and vascular invasion characteristic of FGF9 was figured out in fresh frozen (FF) tissue samples and paired Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Methods: The present invasion study according to FGF9 expression evaluation was performed on 80 cancerous resected fresh tissues and 40 paired paraffined block specimens parallel with 80 adjacent non-tumoral tissue samples. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed; qRT-PCR at mRNA level was applied. FGF9 expression correlation with clinical parameters was defined by the Mann-Whitney U-test. ROC curve and Kaplan-Meier analyses were designed to show the value of prognostic biomarker of FGF9. Results: Accordingly, 52% of fresh tissue samples and 51% of FFPE specimens were upregulated in comparison with corresponding normal tissues. A significant correlation was seen between FGF9 expression level and tumor stage (P < 0.0017, P < 0.03), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001, P < 0.047), and vascular invasion (P < 0.004, P < 0.047) in fresh tissue samples and paraffined blocks, respectively. ROC was created to distinguish stage I and II from III and IV in FF and FFPE samples, respectively (P < 0.002, P < 0.031). Likewise, the AUC evaluation in both fresh and paraffined samples was similar. The overall survival was lower in 3 years of follow-up in patients with CRC with overexpression of FGF9 (P < 0.02). Conclusions: Altogether, it can be deduced that lymphatic and vascular invasion correlated with FGF9 upregulation since FGF9 can be used as an effective prognostic biomarker according to pathologic results even in paraffined block samples or FF tissue specimens in CRC.
Evaluation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Verum) Effects on Liver CYP450 2D1 Activity and Hepatic Clearance in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Neyshaburinezhad Navid , Rouini Mohammadreza , Lavasani Hoda , H. Ardakani Yalda
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The present study assessed the effects of cinnamon on the activity of the liver CYP2D1 enzyme and hepatic clearance in the rat model of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly categorized into 8 groups. Fourteen days after induction of diabetes type 1 and 2, type 1 groups received cinnamon and insulin plus cinnamon and type 2 groups received cinnamon and metformin plus cinnamon daily for 14 days. On day 28, rats were subjected to liver perfusion by buffer containing dextromethorphan as the CYP2D1 enzyme activity probe. Perfused samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence (FL) detection to evaluate the CYP2D1 activity and hepatic clearance. Results: In the control group, enzyme activity and hepatic clearance changed from 0.0081 ± 0.00009 and 6.09 ± 0.2 mL/min to 0.0059 ± 0.0001 and 3.71 ± 0.07 mL/min in the untreated type 1 diabetic rats and to 0.0006 ± 0.0001 and 5.19 ± 0.02 mL/min in untreated type 2 ones. These pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters changed to 0.0069 ± 0.0005 and 6.27 ± 0.06 mL/min in treated type 1 and 0.0115 ± 0.0003 and 5.79 ± 0.11 mL/min in the treated type 2 rats with only cinnamon administration. Treatment with cinnamon plus insulin or metformin modulated these PK parameters to 0.0039 ± 0.00006 and 4.88 ± 0.13 mL/min in type 1 and 0.0092 ± 0.0005 and 6.13 ± 0.01 mL/min in type 2 diabetic rats. Conclusions: Cinnamon can act as an effective complementary medicine in order to normalize the metabolism and clearance processes in diabetes mellitus.
Družinska medicina v Sloveniji
Authors: Švab Igor , Klemenc-Ketiš Zalika , Poplas Susič Tonka , Rotar Pavlič Danica , Petek Šter Marija , Kolšek Marko , Gorup Eva Cedilnik
Published: February 2021

Osnovna zdravstvena dejavnost in z njo družinska medicina predstavljata temelj vsakega zdravstvenega sistema. V Sloveniji imamo sistem osnovne zdravstvene dejavnosti, ki je konceptualno priznan kot zelo dober s strani mednarodnih strokovnjakov in organizacij. Ob tem se soočamo z resnimi kritikami in težavami. Prispevek predstavlja pregled izzivov, s katerimi se sooča družinska medicina v Sloveniji zdaj. V  devetih točkah so zbrani predlogi ukrepov, ki bi jih bilo potrebno izpolniti, če želimo, da se stanje na področju družinske medicine izboljša.
Zdravljenje bruksizma, mialgij in hipertrofij masetrnih mišic z botulinskim toksinom tipa A
Authors: Vesnaver Aleš , Troha Aleš
Published: February 2021

Izhodišče: Bruksizem (nočno škripanje in stiskanje z zobmi) je trdovraten problem, ki lahko prizadene več organskih sistemov. Povzroča obrabo sklenine in poškodbe zob ter protetičnih konstrukcij, bolečo hipertrofijo masetrnih mišic zaradi stalnega preobremenjevanja, včasih tudi bolečine v temporo-mandibularnih sklepih (TMS) in glavobol. Zdravljenje z injekcijami botulinskega toksina v mišico naj bi odpravilo ali omililo simptome.

Metode: Opravili smo retrospektivno analizo obdobja 2007–2018, v katerem smo z vbrizgavanjem botulinskega toksina zdravili 72 oseb z bruksizmom, mialgijami in hipertrofijami masetrnih mišic. Za raziskavo smo uspeli pridobiti podatke o razultatih zdravljenja za 64 bolnikov.

Rezultati: Velika večina (58 od 64 oz. 91 %) je poročala o izboljšanju stanja; bolečnost se je zmanjšala ali izginila, prav tako nočno škripanje, masetrne mišice so vidno uplahnile in se zmehčale. Učinek botulina sicer traja 4–6 mesecev, a sm 29 (50 %) bolnikih trajno  odpravili simptome, zato se niso več vračali na preglede.

Zaključek: Oslabitev masetrnih mišic z vbrizgavanjem botulinskega toksina je učinkovito in varno zdravljenje, ki za več mesecev oslabi mišice, kar odpravi ali močno zmanjša simptome. Po potrebi se zdravljenje lahko večkrat ponovi.
Statistical evaluation of the geochemical data for prospecting polymetallic mineralization in the Suoi Thau – Sang Than region, Northeast Vietnam
Authors: Hung Khuong The , Sang Pham Nhu , Phuong Nguyen , Linh Vu Thai , Sang Bui Viet
Published: February 2021

In Northeast Vietnam, Suoi Thau-Sang Than is considered as a high potential area of polymetallic deposits. 1,720 geochemical samples were used to investigate polymetallic mineralization; thereby polymetallic ore occurrences in this study region were discovered and the statistical and multivariate analysis helps to define geochemical anomalies in some northeastern regions, namely Suoi Thau, Sang Than, and Ban Kep. The statistical method and cluster analysis of geochemical data indicate that the Cu, Pb, and Zn elements are good indicators, and most of them comply with the lognormal or gamma distribution. Based on the third-order threshold, the geochemical anomalies of the content of the Cu, Pb, and Zn elements reflect the concentration of copper forming ore bodies in the mineralized zone, and clearly show the concentration in three distinct zones. The trend surface analysis which was employed to determine spatial variations and relationships among these good indicator elements and anomalous areas revealed relative changes in the content of the indicator elements, and they can be considered as regular. Moreover, the goodness of fit obtained trend functions of Pb and Zn, and Cu elements is a third-degree trend surface model. These results indicate that the models can be useful in studying geochemical anomalies and analyzing the tendency of the concentration of indicator elements in the Suoi Thau-Sang Than region. Additionally, it is suggested that the statistical analysis shows a remarkable potential to use the bottom river sediments in the region to investigate polymetallic mineralization. Moreover, geochemical data can help to evaluate geochemical anomalies of the pathfinder elements and potential mineral mapping of the Suoi Thau-Sang Than region in Northeast Vietnam.
With support, children can accurately sequence within‐event components
Authors: Price Heather L. , Evans Angela D.
Published: February 2021

Accurate event sequencing can add critical detail to a child's account. However, our knowledge of sequencing in childhood to date primarily centers on distinct events separated by time. Sequencing a single event's components is also important, perhaps particularly in a forensic context. In two experiments, we explored children's ability to recall the sequence of a past event using a variety of prompts. In Experiment 1, 124 children (6–8 years) and Experiment 2, 96 children (6–8 years) attended a 45‐min workshop with four (Exp. 1) or five (Exp. 2) distinct components. Children were asked to sequence the components using different retrieval strategies (Exp. 1 within‐subjects; Exp. 2 between‐subjects). Children had difficulty reporting within‐event sequential order in response to open‐ended prompts but with sufficient visual supports, children were able to provide accurate information about the sequencing of within‐event components.
Acute patient‐reported outcomes in B‐cell malignancies treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel
Authors: Hoogland Aasha I. , Jayani Reena V. , Collier Aaron , Irizarry‐Arroyo Nathaly , Rodriguez Yvelise , Jain Michael D. , Booth‐Jones Margaret , Hyland Kelly A. , James Brian W. , Barata Anna , Bachmeier Christina A. , Chavez Julio C. , Khimani Farhad , Krivenko Gabriel S. , Lazaryan Aleksandr , Liu Hien D. , Nishihori Taiga , Pinilla‐Ibarz Javier , Shah Bijal D. , Abidi Muneer , Locke Frederick L. , Jim Heather S. L.
Published: February 2021

Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi‐cel) has considerably improved survival in adults with relapsed/refractory large B‐cell lymphoma. This study reports patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) such as quality of life (QOL) and toxicity in the first 90 days after treatment. Hematologic cancer patients treated with axi‐cel (N = 103, mean age = 61, 39% female) completed SF‐36 or PROMIS‐29 QOL questionnaires prior to treatment and 90 days after. PRO‐Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events toxicity items were completed by patients at baseline and 14, 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment. Mixed models examined change in PROs over time. From preinfusion to 90 days later, patients reported improvements in physical functioning, pain, and fatigue (ps < 0.01), but worsening of anxiety (p = 0.02). Patient‐reported toxicities worsened by day 14 with improvement thereafter. The five most severe symptoms at day 14 included fatigue, decreased appetite, dry mouth, diarrhea frequency, and problems with concentration. Results indicate improvement in some domains of QOL over time with transient patient‐reported toxicities.
Methylation status and long‐fragment cell‐free DNA are prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer
Authors: Ko Kazuhide , Kananazawa Yoshikazu , Yamada Takeshi , Kakinuma Daisuke , Matsuno Kunihiko , Ando Fumihiko , Kuriyama Sho , Matsuda Akihisa , Yoshida Hiroshi
Published: February 2021

Background

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detected before surgery disappears after complete surgical resection of the cancer. Residual ctDNA indicates minimal residual disease (MRD), which is a cause of recurrence. The presence of long‐fragment circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) or methylated cfDNA also implies the presence of cancer. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of cfDNA methylation and long‐fragment cfDNA concentration in gastric cancer patients undergoing curative surgery

Methods

Ninety‐nine gastric cancer patients were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected before and 1 month after surgery. In patients administered chemotherapy, samples were collected before starting chemotherapy. qPCR was performed to detect long‐ and short‐fragment LINE‐1. A plasma HELP (HpaII tiny fragment Enrichment by Ligation‐mediated PCR) assay to determine the concentration of HpaII small fragments was performed using ligation‐mediated PCR and HpaII was quantified as the HpaII:MspI ratio to detect methylation levels of cfDNA.

Results

Overall survival (OS) of patients with low methylation levels before starting treatment was significantly worse than that of patients with high methylation levels (P = 0.006). In the 90 patients who underwent curative surgery, recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and OS of patients with low methylation levels before surgery were worse than those with high methylation levels (P=0.08 and P = 0.11, respectively). RFS and OS of patients with high concentrations of long‐fragment LINE‐1 after surgery were significantly worse than those with low concentrations of long‐fragment LINE‐1 (P = 0.009, P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Pre‐surgical low methylation levels of LINE‐1 are a negative prognostic factor. Post‐surgical high concentrations of long‐fragment LINE‐1 indicate MRD and a high risk of recurrence.