bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Delay of a Teleultrasound Robotic System for Musculoskeletal Imaging
Authors: Noguera Cundar Adriana Paola , Fotouhi Reza , Ochitwa Zachary
Published: February 2023

Teleoperated systems are used in multiple fields since they allow the user to remotely work in locations where it would otherwise be infeasible due to cost, safety, or accessibility. However, due to the vast distances involved, teleoperated systems suffer from degraded communication between the operator and end device. This often takes the form of either delay or loss in the control signal. Understanding this degradation is necessary to advance the development of teleoperated systems.

The objective of this research is to identify how normal operation of a teleoperated device is altered by delay in the communication signal and how system performance can be improved.

A 4-degrees-of-freedom (4-DOF) teleultrasound robot was used to measure the time delay between a command and its response as well as the position error resulting from the time delay.

The delay was measured by both a video recording and a network analysis software. The position error was measured by comparing physical coordinates of the actual robot with position of a simulated robot. These tests were then moved from a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) to a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) to see if there is a noticeable change from the different network topology.

This study verified that the communication channel between the operator and robot is a significant source of delay. In the experimental WLAN setup, the system experienced an average of about 300 milliseconds of delay. It was verified that signal degradation affects operation of the system. The error in displacement was found to have a quadratic relation with signal delay. It was found that a VLAN network performed better than a WLAN network, with about 40% reduction in average delay time and 70% reduction in maximum displacement error. Contribution of this work was on quantifying effects of delay in position of a 4-DOF end-effector in a teleultrasound robot.
Optimization of Design Parameters for Large Diameter N07718 Hex Bolts in Hot Forging Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Upchurch Carl , Peng Xiaobo , Jiang Lai , Park Jaejong
Published: February 2023

The demand for bolting components is expected to grow as fasteners remain a standard method of assembling parts. UNS N07718 is a Nickel-based chromium superalloy, which is the most popular grade of choice for its high yield strength. Forged UNS N07718 bolts of larger diameter have been growing in demand. In this paper, a non-conforming forging process for a 1.375″ N07718 hex flange bolt was analyzed. With the original design parameters, defects were detected at the base of the bolt hex during the post-processing inspection. To eliminate the defects in the bolts, finite element analysis (FEA) tool DEFORM Forming Express 3D was used to evaluate and optimize the design parameters of the bolt in the forging process. The quantitative and qualitative outputs of the FEA model were provided in the paper. Physical testing was performed using ASTM industry standards to validate the design configurations. The initial solution in this process has resulted in part failure. Re-evaluation of the process with gained knowledge results in a successful forging. Both failure and final solution were presented such that the lessons learned in the failure process may help understand both the advantages and disadvantages of applying FEA models.
Effect of Whirling Motion on the Fluid Induced Instability Force in Axial Compressor Rotors
Authors: Sheng Xia , Indraneel Tandalam Shashikant , Kim Jay
Published: February 2023

Possibilities of aerodynamics induced instability of turbomachinery rotor systems have been studied over the years. The fluid force induced by the motion of the rotor, which is a combination of the whirling motion and the rotation motion, results in an unbalanced force in the tangential direction of the whirling motion, which in turn influences the motion to cause the instability. In the past, only one type of the cross-coupled forces, the force proportional to the shaft deflection, was considered because it is the most obvious form to recognize. However, the influence of the whirling motion of the rotor has been ignored in the past studies as this motion is very difficult to precisely obtained experimentally. CFD simulations can be utilized instead to achieve it. A set of full 3D unsteady CFD simulations are presented to predict fluid induced cross-coupled force on the compressor rotor. Motions of rotor whirl and rotor self-spin are superimposed to prescribe the rigid body motion of the rotor. Mesh morphing solver is used to achieve remeshing process for the blade tip region mesh changes due to the unsteady motion of the blade. The approach for the CFD model is validated and the simulation results are explained. Based on the simulation results, an overall approach for the stability analysis of turbomachinery system is proposed.
Experimental Investigation of Taper Angle and Airflow Rate on Air-Injected Bubble Squeezing in a Tapered Microgap
Authors: Shukla Maharshi Y. , Kandlikar Satish G.
Published: February 2023

Squeezing bubbles in a tapered microgap has proved to be effective for improving flow stability in flow boiling. A previous study from our research group has successfully demonstrated using tapered microgap for transforming pool boiling into a self-sustained flow boiling-like system for cooling CPU through thermosiphon. To overcome the imaging challenges with nucleating vapor bubbles, the present work investigates the squeezing behaviour of air-injected bubbles between a tapered microgap with taper angles of 5°, 10°, and 15°. The air bubbles are injected at a rate of 3 ml/min, 15ml/min, and 30 ml/min in a pool of water. The bubble squeezing is recorded at 2000fps using a Photron high-speed camera. The experimental analysis compares the displacement and velocity of the advancing and receding bubble interfaces. The analysis found that in certain test cases, multiple bubbles coalesced while exiting the tapered microgap. In all the test cases, the receding interface of the bubble slingshots after detaching pushes the bubble out of the tapered microgap. The result from the current study provides an insight into the bubble flow and squeezing behavior that can be used for optimizing taper microgap geometries to enhance critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient of two-phase, and air-injected single-phase heat transfer systems.
Filament Extension Atomization Spraying of High Concentration Whey Suspensions
Authors: Sangli Aditya N. , Hultmark Austin , Aldinger Graham , Rao Ranjeet , Johnson David M. , Parhi Ashutos , Sharma Prateek
Published: February 2023

Conventional spray nozzles are used in industries to atomize fluids for many applications. But these nozzles cannot atomize fluids having large viscosities and non-Newtonian characteristics. Dairy fluids like whey suspensions are examples of such fluids. Nozzles used in atomization of such suspensions for spray drying only operate with fluids having high water content. Atomizing suspensions with low water content will conserve energy by lowering the load on the spray dryer. In this study, we have used Filament Extension Atomization (FEA) technology to spray sweet dry whey suspension at 80% solids loading and Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC 80) at 50% solids loading. These concentrations are 30% above current industrial standards. We present our formulation techniques and non-Newtonian rheology characterization of the suspensions. By spraying the suspensions with FEA, we demonstrate tight control over drop size distribution in the spray with a D50 < 200 μm. Finally, we present a novel design for high throughput spraying of such dairy suspensions to be incorporated into industrial spray dryers.
Blast-Resistant Ballistic Materials
Authors: Thakkar Nishant
Published: February 2023

Several bomb explosion assaults against military personnel, police officers, and public and civil structures have occurred in recent years, resulting in a significant loss. As a result, society requires increased protection and defense for current constructions from loads of oblasts. In the middle of the many options, retrofitting reinforced concrete and masonry structures with numerous forms and types of materials of composite and fiber is an excellent way to improve resistance to the blast. This paper provides a recent review of extant works & papers on polymers, composite & fibrous materials used for elements of structure defense from the blast, as well as a list of research gaps that need to be filled. Various innovative materials such as polymers, nanomaterials, composite materials, as well as fibrous materials are taken into consideration while writing this review paper. Composite materials have been employed in the blast and ballistic impact applications and are regarded as effective materials for absorbing blast energy. The stitching boosted the composite’s Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, resulting in increased damage resistance. The basic composite system tested is carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite skins on a styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) polymer closed-cell foam core. In a comparable sandwich structure, glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite skins were also incorporated for comparison.
Effects of Low- Versus High-Velocity-Loss Thresholds With Similar Training Volume on Maximal Strength and Hypertrophy in Highly Trained Individuals
Authors: Myrholt Roger B. , Solberg Paul , Pettersen Henrik , Seynnes Olivier , Paulsen Gøran
Published: February 2023

Aims: In the present intervention study, low-velocity-loss (LVL) versus high-velocity-loss (HVL) thresholds in the squat and bench press were compared for changes in muscle strength, power, and hypertrophy. Methods: Strength-trained volunteers (7♀ and 9♂; age: 27.2 [3.4] y; height: 174.6 [8.0] cm; body mass: 75.3 [10.1] kg) were randomized into an LVL or HVL threshold group (LVL n = 3♀ + 5♂, and HVL n = 4♀ + 4♂). Training took place 3 times per week over 6 weeks (loads: ∼75%–90% of 1-repetition maximum [1RM]). The thresholds of LVLs and HVLs were set at 20% and 40% of maximal velocity, respectively, for the squat, and at 30% and 60%, respectively, for the bench press. Before and after the intervention, 1RM, leg press power, and squat jump were tested. The load (∼45% of 1RM) corresponding to 1-m/s velocity was assessed in all sessions for both exercises. In addition, the thickness of the vastus lateralis and triceps brachii and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DEXA]) were measured. Results: Squat and bench-press 1RM increased similarly in both groups by 7% to 11% (SD: 4%–6%, P < .05). No group differences were observed for changes in jump height, leg press power, or DEXA lean mass. However, HVL showed a small increase in muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis compared with LVL (6 ± 6% [95% CI] group difference, P < .05). Conclusion: For strength-trained individuals, high-volume lower-velocity-loss thresholds were as effective as higher thresholds for improvements in 1RM strength; but local hypertrophy was seemingly elicited faster with higher velocity-loss thresholds.
Analysis of Factors Associated With Continued Cooling of Core Temperature After Prolonged Cold-Water Swimming
Authors: Drigny Joffrey , Hingrand Corentin , Moysan Pauline , Collet Thibaud , Mauvieux Benoit
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To assess the factors associated with continued cooling duration of core temperature () after prolonged outdoor cold-water swimming. Methods: We designed a cohort study among swimmers participating in an outdoor cold-water swim during qualifying for the English Channel Swim. The day before the event, the participants completed a demographic questionnaire, and body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (mBCA 525, Seca). The swimming event consisted of laps over a 1000-m course, for up to 6 hours, in water at 12.5 to 13 °C. was measured using an ingestible temperature sensor (e-Celsius, BodyCap) during and up to 1 hour after the swim. Results: A total of 14 participants (38 [11] y; N = 14, n = 11 males, n = 8 in swimming costume and n = 6 in wetsuit) were included. Before swimming, was 37.54 (0.39) °C. The participants swam for an average of 194.00 (101.94) minutes, and mean when exiting the water was 35.21 (1.30) °C. The duration of continued cooling was 25 (17) minutes with a minimum of 34.66 (1.26) °C. Higher body mass index (r = .595, P = .032) and fat mass (r = .655, P = .015) were associated with longer continued cooling, independent of wetsuit wear. Also, the rate of drop during swimming (−1.22 [1.27] °C/h) was negatively correlated with the rate of gain after swimming (+1.65 [1.23] °C/h, r = −.682, P = .007). Conclusion: Increased body mass index and fat mass were associated with continued cooling duration after prolonged outdoor cold-water swimming at 12.5 to 13 °C. The rate of drop during swimming was negatively correlated with the rate of rewarming.
Deep magma storage during the 2021 La Palma eruption
Authors: Dayton Kyle , Gazel Esteban , Wieser Penny , Troll Valentin R. , Carracedo Juan Carlos , La Madrid Hector , Roman Diana C. , Ward Jamison , Aulinas Meritxell , Geiger Harri , Deegan Frances M. , Gisbert Guillem , Perez-Torrado Francisco J.
Published: February 2023

The 2021 La Palma eruption provided an unpreceded opportunity to test the relationship between earthquake hypocenters and the location of magma reservoirs. We performed density measurements on CO
2
-rich fluid inclusions (FIs) hosted in olivine crystals that are highly sensitive to pressure via calibrated Raman spectroscopy. This technique can revolutionize our knowledge of magma storage and transport during an ongoing eruption, given that it can produce precise magma storage depth constraints in near real time with minimal sample preparation. Our FIs have CO
2
recorded densities from 0.73 to 0.98 g/cm
3
, translating into depths of 15 to 27 km, which falls within the reported deep seismic zone recording the main melt storage reservoir.
The binding mode of orphan glycyl-tRNA synthetase with tRNA supports the synthetase classification and reveals large domain movements
Authors: Han Lu , Luo Zhiteng , Ju Yingchen , Chen Bingyi , Zou Taotao , Wang Junjian , Xu Jun , Gu Qiong , Yang Xiang-Lei , Schimmel Paul , Zhou Huihao
Published: February 2023

As a class of essential enzymes in protein translation, aminoacyl–transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs) are organized into two classes of 10 enzymes each, based on two conserved active site architectures. The (αβ)
2
glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) in many bacteria is an orphan aaRS whose sequence and unprecedented X-shaped structure are distinct from those of all other aaRSs, including many other bacterial and all eukaryotic GlyRSs. Here, we report a cocrystal structure to elucidate how the orphan GlyRS kingdom specifically recognizes its substrate tRNA. This structure is sharply different from those of other aaRS-tRNA complexes but conforms to the clash-free, cross-class aaRS-tRNA docking found with conventional structures and reinforces the class-reconstruction paradigm. In addition, noteworthy, the X shape of orphan GlyRS is condensed with the largest known spatial rearrangement needed by aaRSs to capture tRNAs, which suggests potential nonactive site targets for aaRS-directed antibiotics, instead of less differentiated hard-to-drug active site locations.
Immunotoxin-αCD40 therapy activates innate and adaptive immunity and generates a durable antitumor response in glioblastoma models
Authors: Parker Scott , McDowall Charlotte , Sanchez-Perez Luis , Osorio Cristina , Duncker Patrick C. , Briley Aaron , Swartz Adam M. , Herndon James E. , Yu Yen-Rei A. , McLendon Roger E. , Tedder Thomas F. , Desjardins Annick , Ashley David M. , Gunn Michael Dee , Enterline David S. , Knorr David A. , Pastan Ira H. , Nair Smita K. , Bigner Darell D. , Chandramohan Vidyalakshmi
Published: February 2023

D2C7-immunotoxin (IT), a dual-specific IT targeting wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mutant EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) proteins, demonstrates encouraging survival outcomes in a subset of patients with glioblastoma. We hypothesized that immunosuppression in glioblastoma limits D2C7-IT efficacy. To improve the response rate and reverse immunosuppression, we combined D2C7-IT tumor cell killing with αCD40 costimulation of antigen-presenting cells. In murine glioma models, a single intratumoral injection of D2C7-IT+αCD40 treatment activated a proinflammatory phenotype in microglia and macrophages, promoted long-term tumor-specific CD8
+
T cell immunity, and generated cures. D2C7-IT+αCD40 treatment increased intratumoral Slamf6
+
CD8
+
T cells with a progenitor phenotype and decreased terminally exhausted CD8
+
T cells. D2C7-IT+αCD40 treatment stimulated intratumoral CD8
+
T cell proliferation and generated cures in glioma-bearing mice despite FTY720-induced peripheral T cell sequestration. Tumor transcriptome profiling established
CD40
up-regulation, pattern recognition receptor, cell senescence, and immune response pathway activation as the drivers of D2C7-IT+αCD40 antitumor responses. To determine potential translation, immunohistochemistry staining confirmed CD40 expression in human GBM tissue sections. These promising preclinical data allowed us to initiate a phase 1 study with D2C7-IT+αhCD40 in patients with malignant glioma (NCT04547777) to further evaluate this treatment in humans.
Hepatocytes demarcated by EphB2 contribute to the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Xiao Yang , Batmanov Kirill , Hu Wenxiang , Zhu Kun , Tom Alexander Y. , Guan Dongyin , Jiang Chunjie , Cheng Lan , McCright Sam J. , Yang Eric C. , Lanza Matthew R. , Liu Yifan , Hill David A. , Lazar Mitchell A.
Published: February 2023

Current therapeutic strategies for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have failed to alleviate liver fibrosis, which is a devastating feature leading to hepatic dysfunction. Here, we integrated single-nucleus transcriptomics and epigenomics to characterize all major liver cell types during NASH development in mice and humans. The bifurcation of hepatocyte trajectory with NASH progression was conserved between mice and humans. At the nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) stage, hepatocytes exhibited metabolic adaptation, whereas at the NASH stage, a subset of hepatocytes was enriched for the signatures of cell adhesion and migration, which were mainly demarcated by receptor tyrosine kinase ephrin type B receptor 2 (EphB2). EphB2, acting as a downstream effector of Notch signaling in hepatocytes, was sufficient to induce cell-autonomous inflammation. Knockdown of Ephb2 in hepatocytes ameliorated inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH. Thus, EphB2-expressing hepatocytes contribute to NASH progression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Higher rates of concussion following COVID-19 infection in high school athletes
Authors: Bullock Garrett S , Emery Carolyn A , Nelson Vicki R , Prats-Uribe Albert , Gilliland Robert Gill , Thigpen Charles A , Shanley Ellen
Published: February 2023

Objective

To compare concussion rates (CRs) over one academic year in high school athletes with and without a COVID-19 infection prior to concussion.

Methods

Illness and concussion were prospectively reported for male and female high school athletes across six states over one academic year in the Players Health Rehab surveillance system. Concussion was truncated to 60 days following recovery and return to sport from COVID-19. CRs were estimated per 1000 athletes per academic year and stratified by those who tested positive for COVID-19 infection (with COVID-19) and those who did not (no COVID-19). Poisson regression analyses estimated rate ratio (RR) of concussion controlling for state, gender and an offset of the log athlete participation (with COVID-19 and no COVID-19).

Results

Of 72 522 athletes, 430 COVID-19 infections and 1273 concussions were reported. The CR was greater in athletes who reported COVID-19 (CR=74.4/1000 athletes/year, 95% CI 49.6 to 99.3) compared with those who did not (CR=17.2, 95% CI 16.3 to 18.2). Athletes with recent COVID-19 had a threefold higher rate of concussion (RR=3.1, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.7).

Conclusion

Athletes returning from COVID-19 had higher CRs than those who did not experience COVID-19. This may be related to ongoing COVID-19 sequelae or deconditioning related to reduced training and competition load during the illness and when returning to sport. Further research is needed to understand the association of recent COVID-19 infection and concussion in order to inform preventive strategies.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies for migraine
Authors: Giffin Nicola J
Published: February 2023

The introduction of calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies represents a step forward in preventive migraine treatment as the first agents to target the underlying pathogenesis of migraine. In trials they act more quickly, have better long-term adherence and appear to be better tolerated than other treatments. Major disadvantages are their high cost and unknown safety in pregnancy and in cardiovascular disease. To mitigate these concerns, they should be used according to guidance produced by professional bodies, with defined starting and stopping criteria. We do not yet know whether they are more effective than standard care; many patients may still be better treated by other means, in particular addressing lifestyle factors and medication-overuse headache.
A quantile regression approach to model stand survival in Chinese fir plantations
Authors: Chen Hanyue , Cao Quang V. , Jiang Yihang , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Xiongqing
Published: February 2023

The development of stand survival models can provide an important basis for the sustainable management of forest resources. In a new approach developed in this study, parameters of four survival quantile regression models were predicted from a quantile associated with a current stand density. The curves from these quantile regression models were then used to project future stand density for that stand. A three-fold cross-validation revealed that the quantile regression approach outperformed the least squares method based on three evaluation statistics, especially for longer projection lengths. These results were consistent for all four survival models evaluated. The best survival model is Clutter–Jones model, without constraints, but its ln( N)–ln( Dq) trajectories ( N = stand density and Dq = quadratic mean diameter) from the quantile regression showed the linear self-thinning trend.
Soybean seed protein content is lower but protein quality is higher in Western Canada compared with Eastern Canada
Authors: Cober Elroy R. , Daba Ketema A. , Warkentin Thomas D. , Tomasiewicz Dale J. , Mooleki Patrick S. , Karppinen Erin M. , Frey James , Mohr Ramona M. , Glenn Aaron J. , Shaw Lana , Chalmers Scott , Hou Anfu , O'Donoughue Louise S. , Samanfar Bahram , Hadinezhad Mehri
Published: February 2023

Low seed protein content in soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in Western Canada can result in soybean meal that does not meet the 48% protein standard. The objectives of this study were to quantify seed composition, agronomic differences between Eastern and Western Canada-grown soybeans, and to determine the yield cost of raising Western soybean protein. Twenty high-to-low protein, including one non-nodulating, genotypes were grown at two locations in Eastern Canada, and eight locations in Western Canada from 2018 to 2021 to determine seed protein, seed composition, and agronomic traits. Over all environments, genotype seed protein ranged from 36.8% to 46.9% with 35.0% for the non-nodulating line. Average seed protein was significantly higher in Eastern Canada (41.6%) compared with Eastern Prairie (39.3%) and Prairie sites (39.7%). There are not separate east–west mega-environments for seed protein in Canada; a high protein genotype is high protein across Canada. With an increase of seed protein by 1%, seed yield dropped by 45.3 kg ha−1 in Eastern Canada, 53.1 kg ha−1 in the Eastern Prairie, and 78.4 kg ha−1 in Prairie sites. In Western Canada, plants were taller but lower yielding with fewer and smaller seeds, and produced lower fixed nitrogen protein yield compared with Eastern Canada. Seed protein quality, quantified with the 11S:7S ratio, was higher in Western Canada compared with Eastern Canada. Plant breeders and growers may need to select higher protein genotypes at the cost of lower yield, if the soybean industry is unable to exploit the protein quality advantage in Western Canada.
The Questionable Practice of Partialing to Refine Scores on and Inferences About Measures of Psychological Constructs
Authors: Hoyle Rick H. , Lynam Donald R. , Miller Joshua D. , Pek Jolynn
Published: February 2023

Partialing is a statistical approach researchers use with the goal of removing extraneous variance from a variable before examining its association with other variables. Controlling for confounds through analysis of covariance or multiple regression analysis and residualizing variables for use in subsequent analyses are common approaches to partialing in clinical research. Despite its intuitive appeal, partialing is fraught with undesirable consequences when predictors are correlated. After describing effects of partialing on variables, we review analytic approaches commonly used in clinical research to make inferences about the nature and effects of partialed variables. We then use two simulations to show how partialing can distort variables and their relations with other variables. Having concluded that, with rare exception, partialing is ill-advised, we offer recommendations for reducing or eliminating problematic uses of partialing. We conclude that the best alternative to partialing is to define and measure constructs so that it is not needed.
Laminar Flow in a PEM Fuel Cell Cathode Channel
Authors: Kulikovsky Andrei
Published: February 2023

A Berman’s model for the laminar flow of incompressible fluid in a channel with permeable walls is extended for variable along the channel velocity of injection. The system of two–dimensional continuity and Navier–Stokes equations is reduced to a single ODE for the transversal velocity with coefficients depending on position along the channel. Numerical solution for the flow in the cathode channel of a PEM fuel cell is presented. The flow velocity profile across the channel is almost indistinguishable from the Poiseuille’s parabolic shape; however, the distribution of pressure gradient and longitudinal velocity differ quite significantly from the Berman’s result.
Application of Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Non-Labelled Detection of Acetamiprid Insecticide in Fruits
Authors: El Harery Abdallah Hanafy , Ghani N. T. Abdel , El Nashar R. M.
Published: February 2023

Acetamiprid (ACP) is a widely used systemic insecticide as a replacement for organophosphorus compounds to control sucking-type insects on leafy vegetables, fruits, and tea trees. In this work, bulk polymerized molecularly imprinted polymer was developed using ACP as template, 4-Vinyl pyridine as monomer and ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker in presence of acetone as porogen. The polymers were then tested as a template recognition modifiers for carbon paste electrode in cooperation with multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a signal enhancer. The optimum response towards ACP was attained on using 10% of polymer ratio (1: 3: 40) and 5% MW-CNT in the electrode composition at pH 6.2 of 0.1 phosphate buffer as supporting electrolyte. The developed electrode was morphologically and electrochemically characterized and was found to show a linear response for differential pulse voltammetry of 1 × 10−12–5 × 10−6 M equivalent to 0.222–111.3 ×104 ng l−1 with limits of detection and quantification of 7.35 × 10−3 and 0.022 ng l−1, respectively. The electrode was efficiently applied for ACP detection in its pure solutions, commercial insecticide formulation and spiked apple, tomato, and watermelon samples with recoveries from 95.55%-101.66% indicating its efficiency for application in regulatory units for hazardous food contaminants.
Influence of Mn Content in the Alloy on the Oxidation, Electrical and Volatilization Behavior of Co-Coated Steel Interconnects
Authors: Zhang Wenying , Wu Shijing , Chen Lin , Liu Jiale , Jia Lichao , Yan Dong , Jian Li
Published: February 2023

Two Co-alloy-coated steels with 1.0 wt% and 3.0 wt% Mn content were subjected to 1000 h of thermal exposure (750 °C) in air. The coated alloys displayed an increased oxidation rate as the Mn content varied between 1.0 wt% and 3.0 wt%. And Co coating was thermally converted into a three-layer structure composed of Cr-rich oxide (inner layer), mixed oxide with Co, Fe, Mn and Cr (middle layer) and doped Co3O4 spinel oxide (outer layer). Regardless of the Mn content, only a small amount of Mn was incorporated in the Co3O4 spinel. The area specific resistance for the Co-coated Fe-Cr containing 1.0 wt% Mn was as low as 5.37 mΩ cm2 subsequent to oxidation (lasting for 1000 h). Compared to the cathode with the uncoated alloy present, the polarization resistance of the cathode in the presence of the Co-coated alloy increased very slowly under the conditions of open circuit potential set as 750 °C and 200 h, and Cr deposition on the cathode surface declined noticeably. This showed that the Co coating effectively inhibited outward diffusion of Cr to poison the cathode during long-term exposure.
Detection of Hydrogen Gas Generated upon Magnesium Dissolution Using a Gas Chromatograph–Channel Flow Electrode System
Authors: Hoshi Yoshinao , Hirayama Yusuke , Watanabe Hikari , Shitanda Isao , Itagaki Masayuki
Published: February 2023

A major issue during battery operation is hydrogen evolution (HE) at the negative electrode surfaces of Mg. However, during the current methods used for analyzing HE, the pH increases because of the HE reaction, which critically affects battery performance. Therefore, herein, a channel flow electrode system was applied in the in situ detection of hydrogen gas (HG) generated on Mg dissolution by gas chromatograph. This method enabled HG detection without an increase in pH upon Mg dissolution because electrochemical measurements could be performed under laminar flow. The HE efficiencies of Mg dissolution were thus estimated at various applied current densities.
Synchrotron XPS and Electrochemical Study of Aging Effect on Passive Film of Ni Alloys
Authors: Eidhagen Josefin , Larsson Alfred , Preobrajenski Alexei , Delblanc Anna , Lundgren Edvin , Pan Jinshan
Published: February 2023

To investigate aging effect on the passive film of Ni23Cr15Mo and Ni22Cr9Mo3Nb, synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the structure and composition of the air-formed passive film on the alloys. The corrosion resistance of the two Ni alloys in 1 M NaCl solution was evaluated with electrochemical cyclic polarization measurement. The synchrotron XPS measurement provided detailed information about chemical states of alloying elements in the passive film, showing that the passive film consists of an inner oxide layer and an outer hydroxide layer. The XPS data allowed precise determination of the chemical composition and the thickness of the outer hydroxide layer, the inner oxide layer, and the underlying subsurface alloy layer. The Cr-oxide in the inner layer grows thicker with aging time, leading to Cr-depletion in the subsurface region. Mo and Nb in the alloy form mixed oxides and hydroxides, and aging in air leads to transformation of the lower valence oxides into higher valence oxides. The freshly formed oxide film exhibits similar barrier properties as the aged oxide film. The stability of the passive film formed on Ni22Cr9Mo3Nb seems to be better than that on Ni23Cr15Mo.
A flexible carbon nanotube electrode array for acute in vivo EMG recordings
Authors: Pack Andrea R. , Yan Jiaxi S. , Pasquali Mateo , Sober Samuel J. , Elemans Coen P. H.
Published: February 2023

We introduce a novel approach to record high-resolution EMG signals in small muscles using extremely strong and flexible carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs). We test their functionality in songbird vocal muscles. Acute EMG recordings successfully yielded multiunit recordings with high SNR. Furthermore, they successfully isolated single-unit spike trains from CNTF recordings. CNTF electrodes have great potential for chronic EMG studies of small, deep muscles that demand high electrode flexibility and strength.
Mitochondrial responses to intracellular Ca2+ release following infrared stimulation
Authors: Barrett John N. , Barrett Ellen F. , Rajguru Suhrud M.
Published: February 2023

Pulses of infrared light (IR) provide a novel method for rapidly transferring Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria in intact cells. In PC12 cells the resulting ETC activation was not driven by increased ATP synthase activity or NADH. IR stimulation produced a Ca2+-dependent, reversible depolarization of ΔΨm that was partially blocked by cyclosporin A, and a Ca2+-dependent increase in superoxide that did not require transition pore opening.
Vestibulo-spatial navigation: pathways and sense of direction
Authors: Zachou Athena , Bronstein Adolfo M.
Published: February 2023

Our subjective sense-of-direction is influenced by how good we are at spatial navigation using vestibular cues. Global positioning systems (GPS) may inhibit sense of direction. Increased use of GPS by the young may explain why the elderly’s sense of direction is not worse than the young’s. Patients with vestibulo-cerebellar dysfunction (downbeat nystagmus syndrome) display normal vestibular navigation, suggesting that ascending vestibulo-cerebellar-cortical pathways carry velocity rather than position signals. Pilot data indicate that dementia disrupts vestibular navigation.
Intrinsic motor neuron excitability is increased after resistance training in older adults
Authors: Orssatto Lucas B. R. , Rodrigues Patrick , Mackay Karen , Blazevich Anthony J. , Borg David N. , Souza Tiago Rosa de , Sakugawa Raphael L. , Shield Anthony J. , Trajano Gabriel S.
Published: February 2023

Resistance training elicited important alterations in soleus intrinsic motor neuronal excitability, likely mediated by enhanced persistent inward current (PIC) amplitude, in older adults. Estimates of PICs increased after the training period, accompanied by an enhanced ability to increase PIC amplitudes at higher contraction intensities. Our data also suggest that changes in PIC contribution to self-sustained discharging may contribute to increases in motor neuron discharge rates, maximal strength, and functional capacity in older adults after resistance training.
Analysis of Anisotropic Strength and Wellbore Unstable Zone in Shale Formation Relating to Water Content
Authors: Qiu Linjie , Zhang Min , Wang Yansen
Published: February 2023

During oil and gas exploitation, wellbore stability has always been the focus of many scholars. Instability of wellbore will lead to washouts, breakout, stuck pipe, mud loss, and so on, even the abandon of the well. Shale rock is widely distributed in nature and must be taken into account in some rock engineering applications. In order to evaluate the strength anisotropy and the influence of moisture content of the wellbore integrity, the LMX outcrops are divided into three groups to carry out triaxial strength experiment. Based on the fitting method of collaborative search, the strength parameters of different moisture contents are determined; then, the effect of strength anisotropy and the moisture content of the LMX reservoir on wellbore collapse pressure and wellbore integrity are investigated. The results show that shale strength, especially cohesion, is more sensitive to the influence of water. With the increase of water content, the inclination angle of the minimum value obtained by shale strength is deviated to the left, and the collapse pressure and instability area increase significantly. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust the direction of borehole drilling to avoid the occurrence of the zone of bedding slip instability in the direction of the minimum in situ stress, and the inversion of in situ stress should be corrected by considering the effect of bedding on the location of the maximum in situ stress. The study on the effects of bedding and water content on the instability zone can provide suggestions and guidance for the optimization of borehole trajectory, the control of bottom hole safety pressure, the inversion of in situ stress, and the drilling and completion of wells.
Effect of a Positive Psychology Expressive Writing on Stigma, Hope, Coping Style, and Quality of Life in Hospitalized Female Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Tang Ming-Wen , Cheng Yin , Zhang Yan-Hong , Liu Shou-Juan
Published: February 2023

Purpose. Schizophrenia accounts for more than 50% of psychiatric inpatients, and its special manifestations and recurring illnesses not only bring great harm to patients and their families but also pose great challenges to social security and management. Schizophrenia is associated with the most severe stigma of all mental illnesses. This stigma seriously affects the psychological functioning and quality of life of people with schizophrenia. Female patients’ experiences with stigma tend to be more severe than those of male patients and their self‐denial and discrimination may be more serious. As expressive writing is a relatively simple, brief intervention that may serve as a useful and cost‐effective alternative intervention or adjunct to other treatments, it is important to assess its effectiveness for female patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we explored the effect of a positive psychology expressive writing intervention on stigma, hope, coping style, and quality of life in hospitalized female patients with schizophrenia. Methods. This randomized controlled trial investigated the psychophysiological benefits of a positive psychology expressive writing (PPEW) in 54 schizophrenia patients recruited from the psychiatry department of a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Nanjing, China. Patients were randomized into the experimental group (n = 27) and control group (n = 27). The experimental group participated in the positive psychology expressive writing for 2 weeks, while the control group received routine psychiatric care. As outcome measures, all patients completed the Personal Information Form, Perceived Devaluation‐Discrimination (PDD), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Herth Hope Index Scale (HHIS), and Quality of Life Scale for Schizophrenia (SQLS). Results. There were significant differences in PDD, SCSQ, HHIS, and SQLS pretest to posttest scores between the experimental and control groups shown by the per protocol (PP) and intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis (P < 0.05). PPEW decreased the level of stigma and improved hope, coping style, and quality of life among patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion. These findings highlight the benefits of including positive psychology expressive writing (PPEW) in daily psychological treatment of patients with schizophrenia to promote their rehabilitation and improve their quality of life.
Orthostatic Hypotension Is a Predictor of Fatigue in Drug-Naïve Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ahn Jong Hyeon , Cho Jin Whan , Youn Jinyoung
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Fatigue and orthostatic hypotension (OH) are common and disabling nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but none of the studies have reported on the longitudinal association between fatigue and OH. Methods. Drug-naïve PD patients were recruited from a hospital-based cohort and evaluated with the Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS), head-up tilt test, Unified PD Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr stage, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Scale for Outcomes in PD-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory, PD Sleep Scale, and medications at the baseline and follow-up visits. Results. A total of 80 patients were included, and the mean ages were 66.6 and 63.8 years in the fatigue and nonfatigue groups, respectively. The prevalence of fatigue was 17.5% (14/80) at the baseline and follow-up (mean follow-up: 23.3 ± 9.9 months). The prevalence of OH in the fatigue group was 57.1%, and it was significantly higher than that of the nonfatigue group. Six of the 14 patients (42.9%) in the fatigue group had persistent fatigue at the follow-up, and eight of them (57.1%) converted to the nonfatigue group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the changes of BDI and the presence of OH at the baseline were the predictors for fatigue in drug-naïve PD. Conclusion. Fatigue is a common NMS in PD but can vary depending on the disease course. OH and depression are the most relevant predictors for the development of fatigue in drug-naïve PD. The present study suggests that the management of autonomic symptoms and depression might be helpful for managing fatigue in PD.
Prediction of the Potential Trade Relationship of Lithium-Ion Battery’s Main Element Raw Material Minerals Combined with the Local Characteristics of the Trade Network
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Dong Zhiliang , Liu Sen , Yang Qiaoran , Jia Yanjing
Published: February 2023

In recent years, with the rapid development of the lithium-ion battery industry, the massive upstream consumption of mineral raw materials has led to great crises and challenges in balancing global supply and demand. A diversity of trading partners can effectively alleviate the pressure of supply and demand for raw materials; so, it is particularly important for trading countries to find suitable trading partners. This study takes nine important minerals contained in the main element raw materials of lithium-ion batteries as the research object, and the international trade data range from 2011 to 2020. The study combines complex networks and motifs and links prediction methods to predict the potential international trade relations of the nine minerals based on the actual network topology. We summarize three trade link rules as follows. (1) The predicted links have a timeliness requirement, and they generally turn into actual trade links within 3 years. (2) When looking for trading partners, trading countries tend to establish long-term and stable trade relations. (3) The existing trade relations will promote the establishment of predicted trade relations. In addition, we find that successfully predicted links will promote the formation of important motifs in the network. This study can provide a theoretical basis for trading countries to find suitable trading partners and can strengthen the safety of trading countries in the trade of the main element minerals for lithium-ion batteries.
Identification and Treatment of Collapse and Mud Inrush Caused by Deep Karst Trough in Tunnels
Authors: Huang Xin , Liang Qi , Zhu Zhengguo , Guo Jiaqi , Tian Yongchao
Published: February 2023

To predict and prevent the collapse and mud inrush caused by the deep karst trough in tunnels, an engineering case is studied. Firstly, a comprehensive identification method for the hazard-causing structure of the deep karst trough in tunnels is proposed and successfully applied. Secondly, the morphological characteristics and developmental mechanism of the deep karst trough are studied. The hazard-causing structure is mainly developed at the entrance section of the karst tunnel, which is funnel-shaped, mostly filled with clay and a small amount of gravel. The development scale is affected by the geological structure, tectonic movement, formation lithology and inclination, sunshine and precipitation, and surface soil. Thirdly, four hazard-causing modes of the collapse and mud inrush are proposed, i.e., rock mass failure of tunnel face, direct exposure of tunnel face, direct exposure of tunnel roof, and rock mass failure of tunnel roof. Finally, a treatment technology for collapse and mud inrush is put forward. The treatment technology is to “remove the mud, fill the karst cave, conduct advance grouting, strengthen the support, waterproof the collapse area, backfill the collapse pit.” The collapse and mud inrush of Qiyueshan Tunnel was successfully treated by using the above technology.
Stable Bilateral Teleoperation Control Method for Biped Robots with Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Moya Viviana , Slawiñski Emanuel , Mut Vicente , Chávez Danilo , Wagner Bernardo
Published: February 2023

This document proposes a control scheme applied to delayed bilateral teleoperation of the forward and turn speed of a biped robot against asymmetric and time-varying delays. This biped robot is modeled as a hybrid dynamic system because it behaves as a continuous system when the leg moves forward and discrete when the foot touches the ground generating an impulsive response. It is proposed to vary online the damping according to the time delay present in the communication channel, and the walking cycle time using an optimization criterion, to decrease the teleoperation system errors. To accomplish this, a three-phase cascade calibration process is used, and their benefits are evidenced in a comparative simulation study. The first phase is an offline calibration of the inverse dynamic compensation and also the parameters of the bilateral controller. The second phase guarantees the bilateral coordination of the delayed teleoperation system, using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability theory, by changing the leader damping and the equivalent follower damping together. The third phase assures a stable walk of the hybrid dynamics by controlling the walking cycle time and the real damping to move the eigenvalues of the Poincaré map, numerically computed, to stable limit cycles and link this result with an equivalent continuous system to join both phases. Additionally, a fictitious force was implemented to detect and avoid possible collisions with obstacles. Finally, an intercontinental teleoperation experiment of an NAO robot via the Internet including force and visual feedback is shown.
Transition of Care for Post-COVID-19 Patients: Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile and Associated Factors
Authors: Arrais Diego J. L. , Gomes Mateus C. , da Cunha Carlos L. F. , Riegel Fernando , da Costa Maria F. B. N. A. , Aben-Athar Cintia Y. U. P. , Ramos Aline M. C. , Parente Andressa T. , Rodrigues Diego P. , de Sousa Fabianne J. D.
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and factors associated with care transition in patients recovered from COVID-19. Cross-sectional study of quantitative approach with 49 patients and/or caregivers who were discharged from hospital to home in a university hospital. Three instruments were used to evaluate the transition of care: the sociodemographic questionnaire, the clinical questionnaire, and the Care Transition Measure. The analysis was performed using SPSS software, and the Mann–Whitney test was applied, with a significance level of

p
≤
0.005

. Of the 49 participants, with a mean age of 50 years, the majority were males (59.2%), with more than 10 years of education. The main symptoms of COVID-19 were dyspnea (79.6%), followed by fatigue (75.5%) and fever (69.4%). The most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (32.7%). There was an association between care transition and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cancer) (

p
<
0.005

). The study found that the transition of care for patients recovered with COVID-19 from hospital discharge to home was successful. However, the need for public policy implementation after hospital discharge in a pandemic setting is emphasized.