bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The beginning of the system of assistance to children with visual disabilities: historical and bibliographical aspect
Authors: Lyndina Yevheniia
Published: April 2021

The scientific article reveals some of the historical facts of the beginning of helping children with visual impairments. The main chronological events of caring for children with the noted category of disorders are noted, which later became the basis for the development of special education, in particular, typhlopedagogy.

The article describes the emergence of hospitals, shelters for orphans, sick and crippled people throughout Rus, which testifies to the attention of society to their lives. The facts of the search for ways of treatment and the development of methods, principles and means of teaching people with impaired psychophysical development are outlined. Based on the study of historical sources, the times of Kyivan Rus are characterized, when in some monasteries and churches premises were allocated for the residence of orphans and crippled children. There is information about the first institution in Ukraine, which was guarded by the problem of blind people, although it did not provide for special education and training for this category of persons.

An important point of the article is the definition of the role of the state in the care of visually impaired persons. It is noted that in the 17th and 18th century in Ukraine, social work began to take care of orphans and people with disabilities. From the end of the 17th century, orphans and children of "mutilations" began to be in the care of shelters and hospitals, which was stipulated by a number of state decrees. In the 30s of the 18th century, a new form of guardianship over the disabled was introduced, patronage, which still exists in a modernized form. For a deeper retrospective of the state's assistance to children with visual impairments, it is necessary to investigate the facts of historical sources from the 18th century to the present
Professional competencies of students of physical and mathematical specialties
Authors: Mesarosh Livia
Published: April 2021

У статті окреслено питання професійної компетентності студентiв-старшокурсників фізичної та математичної спеціальностей. Наведена порівняльна характеристика їх професійних компетенцій, виявлені спільні та специфічні компоненти. З’ясовано, що у поєднанні з традиційними педагогічними методами навчання (що грунтуються на репродуктивній діяльності учня) важливим є впровадження новітніх методів, які предбачають надання особливої уваги формуванню фахових компетентностей випускників вузів. Обґрунтовано, що фізика нерозривно пов'язана з математикою. Математика дає фізиці засоби і прийоми загального і точного вираження залежності між фізичними величинами, які відкриваються в результаті експерименту або теоретичних досліджень. Тому зміст і методи викладання фізики залежать від рівня математичної підготовки. Показано, що викладання фізики та математики необхідно будувати на взаємному використанні елементів математики в курсі фізики і фізичних уявлень при вивченні алгебри і початків аналізу, адже це сприяє прискоренню розумового розвитку та формуванню наукового світогляду студента. Розкрито важливість міждисциплінарних зв’язків як складової міждисциплінарної інтеграції з метою оптимізації навчального процесу. Розглянуто питання можливостей створення фізико-математичної дисципліни та набору копетентностей якими повинні володіти їх майбутні фахівці. З’ясовано, для майбутніх фахівців такий підхід дозволяв би здійснювати освітній процес відповідно до вимог сучасного динамічного освітнього простору, набути нові навики роботи, бути більш конкурентноспроможними, але вводночас, через велику кількість розхододжень в компетенціях фахівців фізика та математика дана проблематика залишає за собою ряд методичних питаннь
The effectiveness of the death penalty as a preventive action in suppressing the number of narcotics crimes in Indonesia
Authors: Hartanto Hartanto , Ningrum Amin Bella Setia
Published: April 2021

The application of the death penalty for perpetrators of crimes is an absorbing topic to talk about because it reaps the pros and cons. In Indonesia, despite these pros and cons, the death penalty is still maintained, but only imposed on perpetrators of crimes, categorized as extraordinary crimes, one of which is narcotics crimes. The government's reason for implementing the death penalty is none other than because the death penalty is considered to have a deterrent effect, so that it will be able to reduce the number of narcotics crimes in Indonesia. Therefore, there are several things that we need to review, including, how is the regulation of the death penalty for narcotics criminal offenders based on Law Number 35 of 2009, on Narcotics?How is the implementation of the death penalty for narcotics criminal offenders in Indonesia? Has the application of the death penalty for narcotics offenders proven effective in reducing the number of narcotics crimes in Indonesia?It is essential to answer these questions to increase knowledge for readers and contribute in formulating a more effective and efficient strategy in the fight against narcotics crime. The study was conducted through normative legal research, and the data in this study were secondary data, which consisted of the primary law materials and the secondary law materials. The results of this study show us that Indonesia has declared narcotics crimes as a high-risk crime so that elements concerning narcotics crimes and sanctions are specifically regulated in Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics. However, the number of narcotics crimes in Indonesia remains high, even though the death penalty has been repeatedly imposed on the perpetrators of narcotics crimes, which proves that the death penalty is not effective as a preventive action in combatting narcotics crimes in Indonesia.
Methodology of assessment of socio-political situation in interests of moral and psychological support during participation of NGU subdivisions and military units in Joint Forces Operaztion: organizational and legal approach
Authors: Vasylkovskyi Oleksandr , Orel Oksana , Shapoval Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the methodology for assessing the socio-political situation during the development of a plan by the commander and decision-making for a battle (combat operations). The list of service and combat tasks that are assigned to him and are carried out by subdivisions and units of the National Guard of Ukraine during participation in the operation of the Joint Forces, their analysis showed that the success of actions largely depends on the moral and psychological factor and discipline of the personnel. The personnel needs long-term psychological stability, readiness to use weapons and military equipment in various conditions of the situation, individual professional skills and the ability to make independent decisions with appropriate proposals for orders and instructions. The author's vision of the consistent work of staff officers and ones on work with the personnel in assessing the socio-political situation in the area of performance of service and combat missions by subdivisions and military units of the National Guard of Ukraine is formulated. According to the results of the study, the socio-political situation was determined as a set of socio-economic, domestic political, religious, historical and cultural conditions, interethnic (international) relations and other factors in a certain district (region) of the state for some time. The methodology for its assessment in the interests of the moral and psychological support of NGU subdivisions and military units during participation in the Joint Forces Operation is determined taking into account: basic assumptions and limitations; initial data; content of identifying and assessing the situation, the procedure for carrying out calculations; examples of solving typical tasks to identify and assess the socio-political situation in a certain district (region); it is carried out using a scale of tension level. Attention is focused on the problematic issues that arise at the present development stage of the state
Legal regulation of the license agreement
Authors: Tkachuk Alona
Published: April 2021

The legal regulation of the license agreement is considered. Its contractual construction is investigated. The norms of the Civil Code of Ukraine and other normative legal acts on determining the essential terms of the license agreement are analyzed and it is clarified, which conditions must be agreed by the parties in order for the license agreement to be considered concluded. The scientific analysis of the legal nature of the license agreement in the system of civil law agreements is carried out. The objective essential conditions and features of concluding a license agreement are revealed. The subject and terms of the contract are considered. The rights and responsibilities of the licensor and the licensee are analyzed. The advantages of each party of the contract are determined. The civil law aspects of regulation of contractual license relations are investigated. The legal nature of the license is determined. The classification of license agreements has been carried out. The analysis of the current legislation in the field of granting property rights to the results of intellectual activity is carried out. The essential conditions of the agreement on creation on the order and use of the object of intellectual property rights and the agreement on transfer of exclusive property rights of intellectual property are investigated. The relationship between the license and the license agreement has been clarified. Recommendations on the structure of license agreements and advice on their content and method of presentation are provided. Conclusions and proposals, aimed at improving civil legislation in the field of legal regulation of license agreements, are formulated. It is concluded, that the license agreement is a fair mechanism for obtaining remuneration for the creation or acquisition of intellectual property
Explication of the contemporal concept of ensuring the security of the judiciary
Authors: Bordun Olesia
Published: April 2021

Aim. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the recommendations for the development of the concept of ensuring the security of the judiciary.
Materials and methods. The study is performed based on dialectical and systematic approaches using methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and generalization, as well as formal-dogmatic and structural-logical methods. The information base of the study was the scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists, the laws of Ukraine, and bylaws.
Results. According to the results of the study, the hypothesis of low dynamics of development of the conceptual foundations of ensuring the security of the judiciary due to the low relevance of this issue was refuted. The hypothesis of the complexity of the development of the concept due to the interdisciplinary nature of research concerning the security of the judiciary has been confirmed.
A new methodological approach is proposed, which can be used as a basis for substantiating the directions of development of conceptual bases for the formation of the organizational and legal mechanism for ensuring the security of the judiciary.
Conclusions. The results of the study confirmed the dynamic nature of the concept of judicial security. Emphasis was placed on the expediency of clarifying the theoretical and methodological principles of the security of the judiciary to form a proper foundation for the continuation of judicial reform in this area. It is noted, that at the present stage the conceptual principles of ensuring the security of the judiciary are fragmented, which is explained by the interdisciplinary nature of the issue and the intersectoral nature of the legal institution. According to the results of the study, the methodological principles of substantiation of the directions of development of conceptual bases of formation of the organizational and legal mechanism of ensuring the security of the judiciary are outlined
Notary and notarial activities of consular offices: introduction of changes regarding the activities of consular institutions in performing notarial actions
Authors: Shutenko Oksana
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of performing notarial acts by consular institutions of Ukraine abroad.
The relevance of the study is related to the global processes of globalization, the expansion of human migration and labor opportunities, in which the first place goes to human self-realization in the world. Determination of the legal terminology and the legal status of the entities, responsible for the implementation of notarial activities abroad. Differences in the status of the consular section of the diplomatic embassy are analyzed, as their employees are diplomatic employees and an independent consulate, whose employees are consular officials. Attention is paid to the problem of correctly determining the subject of notarial acts, based on the analysis of current legislation. The emphasis is made on the problems of the quality of notarial actions, access to the profession, proper professional competence of employees of consular institutions in the implementation of notarial actions. The problem of access to special registries. A new approach to solving these problems is proposed by introducing a new legal specialty - a lawyer for consular offices with skills in notarial activity.
This affects the development of civil relations and the desire to protect them, to guarantee them in an indisputable notarial order, being abroad by applying to a body of national rather than foreign (host country) jurisdiction. Significant factors are the convenience of such treatment: the national language of office work, national legal regulation (both substantive legal relations, and procedural, which regulate the procedure of notarial acts), the relative affordability of notarial acts, performed by consular offices, the lack of the following procedure legalization of the performed notarial act and documents
Analysis of legal principles of life safety
Authors: Apshai Fedir , Khalak Oleh
Published: April 2021

This study discusses the legal framework for life safety in Ukraine as of the current year. Ensuring an adequate level of safety at the enterprises of various forms of ownership and directions of the modern economy is a vital task in terms of creating decent working conditions in the country and the development of its economy. The development of the sovereign Ukraine must be accompanied by the creation of a safe state of the environment, economic production, and living conditions to ensure the proper level of human life. The main place in this process is occupied by the legislation in the field of regulation of relations between human health and the environment and safety in emergencies and situations of everyday life, i.e. life safety. The relevance of the subject is conditioned by the need to create an appropriate legal framework for life safety in the country as of its current state. The methodology of this study is based on a combination of a systematic approach to determining the main factors that ensure the establishment of legal foundations for life safety in Ukraine at present and an analytical method of research on a wide scope of issues in this subject area. The main results, obtained during this study, include the identification of the main factors of life safety in modern Ukrainian society and the importance of the legal framework, developed by the state for proper regulation of these issues, as well as the main directions of development of a certain level of life safety culture in modern Ukrainian society. Prospects for further research within the framework of the chosen subject area are conditioned by the need to qualitatively identify the main factors, influencing the process of gradual development of the legal framework for life safety in Ukraine as of its current state and the importance of timely coverage of relevant legal aspects that are vital in modern realities. The applied value of this study lies in the possibility of implementing its main results and conclusions in practice in order to obtain a reliable tool for timely and high-quality determination of the basic legal principles of life safety in Ukraine
Size effect of R-TiO\(_{2}\) (Micro- and Nano-) Particles on the Mechanical Property, Weathering Durability of Water-based Acrylic Coating
Authors: Nguyen Thien Vuong , Dang Thi My Linh , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Hoang Thi Huong Thuy
Published: April 2021

This work aims to clarify the difference between the influence of TiO\(_{2}\) particles at micrometer and nanometer sizes on the mechanical properties and weathering durability of water-based acrylic coatings. To prepare coatings, micro-R-TiO\(_{2}\) and nano R-TiO\(_{2}\) particles with 2 wt.% content were dispersed in the emulsion acrylic polymer by ultrasonic vibration. The coatings without TiO\(_{2}\) particles, with 2 wt.% micro R-TiO\(_{2}\) and with 2 wt.% nano R-TiO\(_{2}\) were tested for abrasion resistance, weathering aging in UV/CON accelerated weathering chamber. Weathering aging was assessed by IR quantitative analysis, the weight loss of the coating. The obtained results showed that the micro R-TiO\(_{2}\) with the 2 wt.% content enhanced simultaneously the abrasion resistance and weathering durability of water-based acrylic coatings but not as effectively as nano R-TiO\(_{2}\). Incorporation of 2 wt.% micro-R-TiO\(_{2}\) increased slightly the abrasion resistance of coating from 78.4 to 98.9 lite/mil (26% increase) while with addition of nano-R-TiO\(_{2}\) at the same content, the abrasion resistance was significantly improved from 78.4 to 129.3 lite/mil (65% increase). After 48 aging cycles, the alkane CH groups and weight of the coatings without R-TiO\(_{2}\) particles, containing 2 wt.% micro-R-TiO\(_{2}\), containing nano-R-TiO\(_{2}\) lost 34.2% and 17.4%; 23.8% and 13%; 13.7% and 13%, respectively.
Aggregation of Zoospores on Sharklet Microtopographic Surfaces
Authors: Nguyen Nhung Thi Thuy , Hoang Trinh Xuan
Published: April 2021

Surfaces with engineered microtopographies are potential candidate against biofouling to replace the use of biocides in the marine environment. Understanding the antifouling mechanism of microtopographic surfaces against marine microorganisms, however, has been limited. In this work, we theoretically studied the aggregation of Ulva linza zoospores on the Sharklet topographic surfaces by employing the extended Surface Energetic Attachment (SEA) model proposedin a previous work. The energy parameters of the model were obtained by matching theoretical results with experimental data for one type of Sharklet surface. Monte Carlo simulations were then carried out for a series of Sharklet surfaces with various numbers of distinct features. Inagreement with prior experimental results, our simulations indicate that engineered topographies promote smaller aggregates than those on a smooth surface. Furthermore, we show that the maximum effect of the Sharklet topography on the aggregate size of U. linza can be obtained with just 3 distinct features.
Magnetic Domain Walls Moving in Curved Permalloy Nanowires under Continuous and Pulsed Fields
Authors: Hoang Quang Duc , Cao Huu Xuan , Nguyen Thuong Hoai , Dao Ai Vinh
Published: April 2021

Magnetic domain walls created and propagated in curved permally nanowires under continuous and pulsed fields in a Lorentz microscope. Using such nanowires aims to create a single or multiple magnetic domain walls in typical areas of those structures, an external magnetic field then applies along the long axis of these nanowires. Following that the created domain walls are propagated from one end to the other end of each wire by increasing the continuous/pulsed field strength. At each increased field value, a Fresnel image is recorded. The obtained results show that the characteristics of those created and propagated domain walls are dependent on various parameters, i.e. connecting structures, wall types and chiralities. Corners between the straight and linking sections of those curved nanowires also play a crucial role along witth the local defects created in these wire-edges and surfaces where a point-defect is considered as a potential well that could pin/distort those created/propagated domain walls. By the aid of this observations, the dynamic properties of domain walls with the creating and propagating processes in those curved nanowires are exposed. These outcomes are vital to design novel domain wall trap structures supporting reproducible domain wall motions. That are of interest in providing a better understanding of multiple bits moving in the furure 3D racetrack memory, logic gates, shift register and other spintronic/computing devices.
Harnessing Dark Energy in Five-dimensional Brans-Dicke Universe
Authors: Singh Kangujam Priyokumar , Singh Koijam Manihar
Published: April 2021

In trying to explain the present accelerated expansion of the universe in the light of a five-dimensional Brans-Dicke theory, it is found that the fifth dimension itself here acts as a source of dark energy. It may be taken as a curvature-induced form of dark energy, in one case of which it behaves similar to that form of dark energy arising out of the cosmological constant which is the most commonly accepted form of dark energy. It is also found that this new type of dark energy is free from big rip singularity and may be taken as a viable form of dark energy which can explain some of physical mysteries of the universe.
Economizing Nonlocal Resource in Two-Way Remote Preparations of Inequivalent Quantum States Under a Common Control
Authors: An Nguyen Ba
Published: April 2021

A recently proposed protocol for two parties to securely and simultaneouslyexchange inequivalent quantum states under the same control of a third party[Int. J. Theor. Phys. (2020);https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04657-0] is revisited. It is shown inthis paper that the required tasks are equally well accomplished with anonlocal resource which is greatly economized by rationally exploiting localresources. Furthermore, the economized nonlocal resource with appropriatelocal operations on local resources also allows exchanging inequivalentstates other than those previously considered.
Contributions to Developments of Photoelectron Spectroscopy and X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Applied to Materials Studies
Authors: Hung Nguyen Van
Published: April 2021

This work reviews the contributions of author to the developments and applications of Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES) and X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) to materials studies. Focusing on Angle resolved PES (ARPES) the energy distribution is discussed for angle-resolved photoemission from valence bands of single crystals. The important influence of the spectrometer angle of acceptance on the results of X-ray PES (XPS) is investigated in detail. The Plane Density of States (PDOS) is introduced as a new property of the electronic structure. Most meaningful contributions to XAFS consist of the developments of multiple-scattering and anharmonic XAFS theory. Anharmonic correlated Einstein model (ACEM) and anharmonic correlated Debye model (ACDM) have been derived to obtain Debye-Waller factors (DWF) presented in terms of cumulant expansion which describe the thermodynamic properties and anharmonic effects in XAFS of substances contributing to their accurate structural determination. The anharmonic effective potential (AEP) procedure and first shell near neighbor contributions approach have developed to include many-body effects in the one-dimensional model by a simple measure. Based on DWFs a thermodynamic lattice theory has been derived for studying melting curve and eutectic points of binary alloys. Several applications of the derived methods are performed and the good agreement of the calculated results with experiment illustrate the advantages and efficiencies of the achieved developments.
GAS SENSING PROPERTIES OF NANOJUNCTION OF NETWORKED ZnO NANOWIRES UNDER THE CORRELATION BETWEEN OPERATING TEMPERATURE AND UV RADIATION
Authors: Van Nguyen Hieu Van
Published: April 2021

The networked ZnO nanowires (NWs) are synthesized by thermal evaporation at 900 oC, using a mixture of ZnO and graphite. The morphology, crystalline structure, and chemical composition of the NWs are evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive spectrum. The NO2 gas-sensing properties of a networked ZnO NWs-based sensor are considered in a correlation between the operating temperature and UV radiation with various operating temperatures as well as UV intensities. The results reveal that the sensing properties of the UV-illuminated sensor measured at room temperature are comparable to those of the heated sensor. The results also indicate that the UV intensity affects strongly both the response and the sensing kinetic of the sensor at all operating temperatures. Furthermore, based on a systematic investigation of the sensing performance of the sensor under both UV illumination and thermal activation, a model to explain the role of UV illumination is also proposed.
Normed Division Algebras Application to the Monopole Physics
Authors: Le Dai-Nam , Le Van-Hoang
Published: April 2021

We review some normed division algebras (R, C, H, O)  applications to the monopole physics and MICZ-Kepler problems. More specifically, we will briefly review some results in applying the normed division algebras to interpret the existence of Dirac, Yang, and SO(8) monopoles. These monopoles also appear during the examination of the duality between isotropic harmonic oscillators and the MICZ-Kepler problems. We also revisit some of our newest results in the nine-dimensional MICZ-Kepler problem using the generalized Hurwitz transformation.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic activity of SnO2/rGO nanocomposites: effects of pH values
Authors: Pham Tuan Van
Published: April 2021

In this study, tin oxide /reduced graphene oxide (SnO2/rGO) samples were prepared by hydrothermal method. The structural characteristics, phase composition, morphology, and size of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that SnO2 nanoparticles had tetragonal rutile crystal structure with a size ranging from 4.65 nm to 5.77 nm when the pH was increased from 5 to 9. The SnO2 nanoparticle morphology together with rGO layers was observed in the FESEM image of these samples. The absorption spectra of SnO2/rGO samples show the characteristic absorption peak of SnO2 at 296 nm, in which the band gap value of the material decreased from 4.91 eV to 4.81 eV when pH was increased from 5 to 9. The simultaneous formation of the two phases of SnO2 and rGO was demonstrated by Raman scattering spectroscopy. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue reached 86% after 90 min under visible light.
Aggregation over Metric Spaces: Proposing and Voting in Elections, Budgeting, and Legislation
Authors: Bulteau Laurent , Shahaf Gal , Shapiro Ehud , Talmon Nimrod
Published: April 2021

We present a unifying framework encompassing a plethora of social choice settings. Viewing each social choice setting as voting in a suitable metric space, we offer a general model of social choice over metric spaces, in which—similarly to the spatial model of elections—each voter specifies an ideal element of the metric space. The ideal element acts as a vote, where each voter prefers elements that are closer to her ideal element. But it also acts as a proposal, thus making all participants equal not only as voters but also as proposers. We consider Condorcet aggregation and a continuum of solution concepts, ranging from minimizing the sum of distances to minimizing the maximum distance. We study applications of our abstract model to various social choice settings, including single-winner elections, committee elections, participatory budgeting, and participatory legislation. For each setting, we compare each solution concept to known voting rules and study various properties of the resulting voting rules. Our framework provides expressive aggregation for a broad range of social choice settings while remaining simple for voters; and may enable a unified and integrated implementation for all these settings, as well as unified extensions such as sybil-resiliency, proxy voting, and deliberative decision making. We study applications of our abstract model to various social choice settings, including single-winner elections, committee elections, participatory budgeting, and participatory legislation. For each setting, we compare each solution concept to known voting rules and study various properties of the resulting voting rules. Our framework provides expressive aggregation for a broad range of social choice settings while remaining simple for voters; and may enable a unified and integrated implementation for all these settings, as well as unified extensions such as sybil-resiliency, proxy voting, and deliberative decision making.
Роль религии в денежной благотворительности воцерковленных жертвователей: на примере прихожан московских приходов
Authors: Краснопольская Ирина Игоревна , Чернышева Марина Вячеславовна , Корнеева Ирина Евгеньевна , Солодова Галина Сергеевна
Published: April 2021

Эмпирические исследования на национальных выборках подтверждают значимость религии и религиозности как факторов, определяющих характеристики просоциального поведения, в том числе денежной благотворительности. В настоящей статье мы проанализировали пожертвования, совершаемые воцерковленными прихожанами, в логике дарообмена, выявив разделение пожертвований на помощь ближнему и помощь дальнему кругу. В первом случае это помощь приходу, во втором – благотворительность через некоммерческие организации. Данные получены в ходе личных интервью с прихожанами московских храмов (N=16) и онлайн-опроса православных жертвователей (N=604) в 2019 году. В результате было установлено, что пожертвования ближнему и дальнему кругу имеют разный смысл для благотворителя. Пожертвования ближнему кругу основаны на реципрокном дарообмене и имеют нормативную природу, основаны на поддержании групповой солидарности и принадлежности. Помощь дальнему кругу – это помощь незнакомым людям (нереципрокный дар), и такая благотворительность полезна для веры, борьбы со страстями и индивидуальной духовной работы. Через нереципрокные пожертвования происходит формирование православной самости и совершенствование себя как верующего.
«В начале было Слово…», а в конце будет число? Православие и антицифровой протест в России: с 1990-х до коронавируса
Authors: Кнорре Борис Кириллович , Мурашова Анна Алексеевна
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена анализу развития антицифровых протестов среди православных фундаменталистских и консервативных групп в России. Цель работы – выяснить, каковы основные тенденции этих протестов, на какие идеи они опираются. Рассматривается период с конца 1990-х годов до 2020 года включительно, начиная с первых выступлений против введения штрих-кодов и ИНН и заканчивая реакцией православных движений на цифровизационные инициативы государственной власти во время пандемии COVID-19. Установлено, что, несмотря на то что антицифровой протест преимущественно связан с фундаменталистско-консервативными православными течениями, их представители в последние годы чаще обращаются к распространенному на Западе дискурсу защиты прав и свобод. Делается вывод о том, что в современном российском православии можно выделить два кластера: первый, направленный на визуально-физическое посредничество для взаимодействия с трансцендентным (именно он обеспечивает сегодня антицифровые протесты), и второй кластер, ориентированный на интеллектуальное и этическое понимание религии, представители которого относятся гораздо спокойнее к внедрению цифровых технологий.
Путь исследователя: оценка современника
Authors: Смирнов Сергей Николаевич
Published: April 2021

В течение всего периода существования СССР альтернативные оценки советской экономики и ее перспектив были весьма небезопасны, однако степень рисков различалась. Если в 1930-е годы за несовпадающие с генеральной линией партии взгляды можно было поплатиться жизнью, как это произошло, например, с Н.Д. Кондратьевым и А.В. Чаяновым, то в относительно либеральные постсталинские времена в арсенале судей остались лишь отказы от утверждения диссертаций специалистов. Так произошло с экономистом Г.И. Ханиным, первая кандидатская диссертация которого была отклонена ВАКом. До перестройки его имя было известно лишь профессионалам, однако после публикации в 1987 г. в журнале «Новый мир» подготовленной в соавторстве с В.Г. Селюниным статьи «Лукавая цифра» Г.И. Ханин вошел в число тех экономистов, имена которых стали хорошо знакомы читающей публике. Научный багаж автора, накопленный за шесть десятилетий творческой деятельности, обширен и достаточно компактно представлен в книге «Сочинения в двух томах». Особый интерес вызывают его работы, посвященные экономике и кризисам в новой России, прогнозам и альтернативам ее дальнейшего развития, а также честные воспоминания экономиста, включенные во второй том.
Динамика этнокультурной политики в России, Казахстане и Украине: отложенная «национализация»?
Authors: Малахов Владимир Сергеевич , Осипов Александр Геннадьевич
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена факторам и динамике этнокультурной политики в трех крупнейших постсоветских странах: России, Казахстане и Украине. Авторы анализируют, почему ожидания того, что нациестроительство в постсоветских странах примет репрессивный характер, в целом не оправдывались долгое время после распада СССР, но отчасти материализуются в последние годы. В середине 1990-х годов Р. Брубейкер полагал, что новые независимые государства будут проводить последовательную политику восстановления социальных и культурных позиций своих основных этнических наций в ущерб меньшинствам. Однако реальные процессы развивались по иному сценарию, в основе которого лежала стратегическая амбивалентность – идеологический эклектизм и правовая неопределенность в деятельности правительств, сочетавшиеся с отсутствием массовой мобилизации и массовых протестов. Авторский анализ основывается на рассмотрении институционального дизайна этнокультурной политики. По мысли авторов, происходившее в постсоветских странах объясняется советским институциональным наследием и может описываться как инерционный сценарий. Авторы также отвечают на вопрос, почему в последние годы в России и Украине правящие круги сделали выбор в пользу радикальной гомогенизирующей политики. Инерционный сценарий основан на подвижном равновесии и потому подвержен влиянию внешних возмущений, таких как внешнеполитические конфликты.
Job Resources and Organizational Commitment in Finnish Company Units in Finland and Russia
Authors: Саари Тиина , Мелин Харри
Published: April 2021

This article compares organizational commitment and its predictors in the units of two Finnish companies operating in Finland and Russia. The research questions are: which of the two countries has a higher level of organizational commitment and do different job resources affect the organizational commitment of Finnish and Russian employees? The research data was collected in a web survey (N=636). Cross tabulation, variance analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used as the analysis methods. Russian employees were more committed in both organizations compared with their Finnish counterparts. Based on the regression analysis, development opportunities and the support of colleagues influenced the organizational commitment of both Finnish and Russian employees. Opportunities for influencing one’s work also affected commitment among Finns. By contrast, satisfaction with management or salary had no statistically significant effect on organizational commitment in either of the countries. Both in Finland and in Russia organizations must invest in employee well-being, especially development possibilities and supportive work communities in order to enhance affective organizational commitment. This study adds to the limited comparative research on Finland and Russia and the predictors of affective organizational commitment in these countries.
Интеграционный потенциал принимающего общества: сравнительная региональная перспектива
Authors: Арутюнова Екатерина Михайловна , Кузнецов Игорь Михайлович
Published: April 2021

Статья, написанная по результатам исследований в трех субъектах Российской Федерации (Москве, Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе – Югре и Республике Саха (Якутия)), представляет данные об уровнях и факторах интеграционного потенциала принимающего населения по отношению к инокультурным мигрантам. Показатель сформирован в результате применения аппарата факторного анализа. Выявлено, что наиболее высоким показателем интеграционного потенциала среди изученных регионов выделяется население Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа – Югры, наиболее низким – население Москвы. Показано, что интеграционный потенциал связан с двумя уровнями факторов. Первый – это фактор этнического негативизма, низкий уровень которого сопутствует более высокому показателю интеграционного потенциала. Второй уровень факторов связан с идентичностями принимающего общества. В республиканском контексте в силу длительного сосуществования как минимум двух крупных культурных сообществ высокие уровни этнической, региональной идентичностей могут способствовать, скорее, понижению интеграционного потенциала принимающего населения.
Работники старших возрастов в российском неформальном секторе: масштаб, динамика и структура занятости
Authors: Зудина Анна Алексеевна
Published: April 2021

Во многих странах неформальная занятость и занятость в неформальном секторе традиционно рассматриваются в качестве ключевых разновидностей уязвимого и незащищенного труда. Они по определению сопряжены с отсутствием официального трудового договора или контракта и поэтому представляют собой один из важнейших вызовов для современной пенсионной системы и системы социальной защиты. Наибольшие риски вовлеченности в неформальную занятость несут те представители рынка труда, которые по тем или иным причинам сталкиваются с ограничениями в возможностях трудоустройства на формальных рабочих местах. Среди них – занятые старших возрастов. В настоящей работе на данных Обследования рабочей силы (ОРС) Росстата за 2000, 2005, 2010 и 2015 гг. впервые подробно рассмотрены масштаб, динамика и структура занятости в неформальном секторе работников предпенсионного и пенсионного возраста, а также долгосрочные тенденции социально-демографических и профессионально-отраслевых характеристик, которые ранее не являлись предметом целенаправленного изучения. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что к 2015 г. на российском рынке труда в неформальном секторе было занято более 3 млн человек старше 50 лет, при этом неформальность получила наибольшее распространение среди работников преклонного возраста (старше 65 лет). Одновременно наблюдалась тенденция к возрастающей деформализации занятости работников 50–54 лет, которая может объясняться ухудшением перспектив поиска работы и карьерного продвижения для занятых в ранних предпенсионных возрастах. Важнейшей характеристикой российской неформальной занятости является возрастающее сближение образовательной и профессионально-отраслевой структуры работников разных возрастов. Основные риски неформальной занятости среди работников старше 60 лет перемещаются от наиболее низких уровней образования (основное общее, начальное или без образования) к среднему профессиональному и среднему (полному) общему образованию. Именно они связаны с наибольшими рисками неформальности и в основных трудоспособных возрастах, и среди 50–59-летних неформальных работников. Помимо этого, работники старших возрастов трудятся в тех же отраслях и профессиях неформального сектора, что и более молодые его представители, что демонстрирует универсальный характер спроса на труд в неформальном секторе, в котором находят работу как молодые, так и пожилые работники. Отмеченное сближение структуры занятости в неформальном секторе работников разных возрастов, сочетающееся с будущим вступлением в старшие возраста более многочисленных когорт и возрастающей деформализацией занятости 50–59-летних, может привести к дальнейшей экспансии неформальности на российском рынке труда.
Гендерное равенство как фактор профессиональной карьеры в сфере науки и технологий
Authors: Попова Ирина Петровна
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматриваются характеристики профессиональных карьер в сфере науки и технологий с позиций гендерного равенства и справедливости в занятости. Анализ опирается на подходы к исследованиям карьер в этой сфере, фокусирующиеся на структурных условиях и контекстах формирования карьер. Одним из факторов этих условий становятся современные программы и инициативы в сфере науки и технологий, учитывающие гендерное равенство в профессиональной карьере на международном уровне и на уровне национальных государств (анализируются данные до марта 2020 г.). В этой связи привлекаются подходы, обосновывающие гендерную справедливость (capabilities approach), вопросы так называемой позитивной дискриминации в отношении занятости и профессионального продвижения в этой сфере. Анализируются аспекты организации научной карьеры, которые в биографических нарративах ученых осознаются и переосмысливаются как проявления гендерного неравенства под влиянием опыта знакомства с программами в рамках политики гендерного равенства в научной деятельности. Эмпирической базой анализа, позволяющей понять влияние и оценки этих программ, являются нарративно-биографические полуструктурированные интервью с учеными естественно-научных дисциплин (N=40, 2018–2019 гг.). Оценки проявлений гендерного неравенства касаются трудоустройства, распределения ролей в коллективе в соответствии с неформальными нормами, сочетания профессиональных и семейных ролей. Анализ позволяет заключить, что в отношении гендерного неравенства в сфере занятости в науке, проявления которого часто остаются незамеченными, актуальным становится формирование возможностей их осознания и оценки самими учеными, регулируемое инструментами научной политики. В то же время институциональная поддержка гендерного равенства должна происходить во взаимосвязи с поддержкой статуса и перспектив российской науки в целом.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİNİN KARDİYOVASKÜLER ETKİLERİ
Authors: KARABACAK Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19), DSÖ tarafından Mart 2020 de Pandemi olarak kabul edildi ve etken “Ciddi Akut Solunumsal Sendrom-Koronavirüs-2” (SARS-CoV-2) olarak isimlendirildi. SARS-CoV2 enfeksiyonu, anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim 2'nin (ACE2) virüs yüzeyine diken proteinlerle bağlanmasıyla hücreye penetre olmaktadır. Çalışmalarda COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna, kardiyovasküler hastalıkların sıklıkla eşlik ettiği ve kötü prognozla ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. COVİD-19 enfeksiyonu miyokardit, kalp yetmezliği, akut koroner sendromlar, aritmi, kardiyojenik şok gibi bazı kardiyovasküler komplikasyonlara neden olabilir. Bu olumsuz kardiyovasküler komplikasyonlar, ACE2 yolu ile doğrudan miyokardiyal hasar veya SARS CoV-2'nin dolaylı kardiyak etkileri nedeniyle ortaya çıkar. Özellikle hiperenflamasyona bağlı olarak gelişen sitokin fırtınası kalp hasarından sorumlu olabilir. COVID-19 ile enfekte olmuş hastaların % 25'inden fazlası miyokardiyal hasara sahiptir. Bu nedenle, COVID-19 ile enfekte olan hastalar, hastanede kaldıkları süre boyunca, mutlaka miyokardiyal hasar açısından değerlendirilmelidir.
Atık sularda boya giderimi için fonsiyonellenmiş nanoselüloz esaslı adsorbanlar
Authors: ARSLAN Recai , TOZLUOĞLU Ayhan , SERTKAYA Selva , FİDAN Hakan , KÜÇÜK Sibel
Published: April 2021

Son yıllarda, dünya genelinde artan nüfus ile birlikte tarımsal ve endüstriyel faaliyetler giderek artmıştır. Bu faaliyetler sırasında ortaya çıkan organik maddeler, inorganik anyonlar, toksik ağır metaller, zehirli gazlar vb. birçok kirletici çevreye salınmakta ve özellikle sularda önemli derecede kirlilik sorunlarına yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle çevre dostu ve uygun maliyetli arıtma teknolojilerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Atık sularda kullanılan adsorpsiyon işlemi çevre dostu arıtma teknolojilerinden biridir. Çeşitli doğal kaynaklardan elde edilebilen selülozik maddeler adsorbanlar olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Atık sularda bulunan organik kirleticiler ve ağır metal iyonlarının adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri kimyasal işlemlerden etkilenmekte olup, modifiye edilmiş selülozun modifiye edilmemiş selüloza göre daha yüksek adsorpsiyon kapasitesi sergilediği bilinmektedir. Bu derlemede, literatürde yer alan çeşitli nanoselüloz esaslı adsorbanların, özellikle atık sularda bulunan boyaların uzaklaştırılmasında sergiledikleri adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri ve bu adsorbanların modifikasyonları sonrasında yapılarının karakterizasyonunda kullanılan FTIR ve SEM analizleri incelenmiştir. Nanoselüloz esaslı adsorbanların atık sulardaki boyaların uzaklaştırılmasında iyi bir potansiyel sergilediği görülmektedir. Çevre kirliliğini minimuma indirmek için ucuz ve daha etkili selüloz esaslı adsorbanların modifikasyonlarla geliştirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.
Mekansal tasarımda doğadan esinlenme: Armadillo’dan acil durum barınağına dönüşüm
Authors: KESKİN Rumeysa , KAYA Latif Gürkan , YÜCEDAĞ Cengiz
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, mekansal tasarımlarda doğadan esinlenme bilincini artırmaktır. Günümüzde çok önemli olan sürdürülebilirlik kavramı ve onun öneminin anlaşılması ile tasarım kriterleri sıralanırken doğadan esinlenen tasarım ilkelerinin düşünülmesi hedeflenmektedir. Sorgulamanın artması ile birlikte çevresel döngüyü destekleyen en azından doğa ile uyumlu mekân tasarımlarının artışı sağlanmalıdır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda, zırhlı bir memeli olan armadillonun üç bantlı savunma mekanizmasından esinlenerek bir acil durum barınağı tasarım çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle acil durum barınaklarının fonksiyonel özellikleri ile ilgili literatür incelenmiştir. Böylece, bu tür yapıların depolanmasında ve taşınmasında hafiflik ve az yer tutmanın çok önemli olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışmada armadillonun koruma sisteminden esinlenerek acil durum barınakları için çözüm önerileri geliştirilmiş ve tasarım süreci tamamlanmıştır.
HTAPP_Dissociation of primary neuroblastoma core needle biopsy to a single-cell suspension for single-cell RNA-seq (using papain, density gradient, and optionally ACK) v1
Authors: Napolitano Sara , Wu Jingyi , Slyper Michal , Vigneau Sébastien , Rotem Asaf , Johnson Bruce , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv
Published: April 2021

This protocol was used for the dissociation of human neuroblastoma core needle biopsies to a single-cell suspension compatible with droplet-based single-cell RNA-Seq technology for the Human Tumor Atlas Pilot Project. For processing human neuroblastoma tumors, however, we now recommend using the papain-based protocol established by Patel et al.
ESTUDO DO USO DE AGENTE SECANTE NA OBTENÇÃO DE VIDROS VIA MÉTODO SOL-GEL
Authors: Santos Shirleny Fontes , Peçanha Gilberto Jorge , Filho Florêncio Gomes de Ramos
Published: April 2021

Materiais cerâmicos vítreos obtidos na forma de membranas podem ser utilizados como meios filtrantes, entre outras aplicações. A aplicabilidade desses materiais depende, entre outras coisas, do tamanho e quantidade dos poros e da resistência mecânica. O método sol-gel tem sido estudado como alternativa promissora para a obtenção de materiais com morfologia uniforme sem a presença de trincas e rachaduras. Sob esta perspectiva, foram preparadas membranas cerâmicas vítreas com base em sílica (SiO2) pelo método sol-gel, utilizando o precursor Tetraetilortossilicato (TEOS) e com uso de N,N-dimetilformamida (DMF) como agente de controle da secagem. As amostras obtidas foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-X, que evidenciou a presença de estrutura amorfa. As análises térmicas (TG/DSC) indicaram que a presença do DMF diminui ligeiramente as temperaturas nos quais os eventos térmicos da membrana ocorrem. A medida de porosidade pelo Método de Arquimedes indicou que os monolitos obtidos com uso de DMF apresentaram em seu estado pré-calcinado cerca de 65% de porosidade.
Palavras-chaves: Sol-gel, membrana vítrea, DMF.