bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How the representation of microphysical processes affects tropical condensate in a global storm-resolving model
Authors: Naumann Ann Kristin , Esch Monika , Stevens Bjorn
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Cloud microphysics are a prime example of processes that remain unresolved in atmospheric modelling with storm-resolving resolution. In this study, we explore how uncertainties in the representation of microphysical processes affect the tropical condensate distribution in a global storm-resolving model. We use ICON in its global storm-resolving configuration, with a one- or a two-moment microphysical scheme and do several sensitivity runs, where we modify parameters of one hydrometeor category of the applied microphysics scheme. Differences between the one- and the two-moment scheme are most prominent in the partitioning of frozen condensate in cloud ice and snow, and can be ascribed to the habit's definition for each scheme which is associated with different process rates. Overall differences between the simulations are moderate and tend to be larger for individual condensate habits than for more integrated quantities, like cloud fraction or total condensate burden. Yet, the resulting spread in the tropical energy balance of several W m-2 at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface is substantial. Although the modified parameters within one scheme generally affect different process rates, most of the change in the condensate amount of the modified habit and even total condensate burden can be attributed to a single property, the change in fall speed. Tropical mean precipitation efficiency is also well explained by changes in the relative fall speed across different habits and both schemes.
Exploring the potential of history matching for land surface model calibration
Authors: Raoult Nina , Beylat Simon , Salter James M. , Hourdin Frédéric , Bastrikov Vladislav , Ottlé Catherine , Peylin Philippe
Published: August 2024

Abstract. With the growing complexity of land surface models used to represent the terrestrial part of wider Earth system models, the need for sophisticated and robust parameter optimisation techniques is paramount. Quantifying parameter uncertainty is essential for both model development and more accurate projections. In this study, we assess the power of history matching by comparing results to the variational data assimilation approach commonly used in land surface models for parameter estimation. Although both approaches have different setups and goals, we can extract posterior parameter distributions from both methods and test the model–data fit of ensembles sampled from these distributions. Using a twin experiment, we test whether we can recover known parameter values. Through variational data assimilation, we closely match the observations. However, the known parameter values are not always contained in the posterior parameter distribution, highlighting the equifinality of the parameter space. In contrast, while more conservative, history matching still gives a reasonably good fit and provides more information about the model structure by allowing for non-Gaussian parameter distributions. Furthermore, the true parameters are contained in the posterior distributions. We then consider history matching's ability to ingest different metrics targeting different physical parts of the model, thus helping to reduce the parameter space further and improve the model–data fit. We find the best results when history matching is used with multiple metrics; not only is the model–data fit improved, but we also gain a deeper understanding of the model and how the different parameters constrain different parts of the seasonal cycle. We conclude by discussing the potential of history matching in future studies.
Direct link between iceberg melt and diatom productivity demonstrated in Mid-Pliocene Amundsen Sea interglacial sediments
Authors: Furlong Heather , Scherer Reed Paul
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Iceberg influence on diatom productivity has been observed for the present and suggested for the past, but direct seeding of the Southern Ocean during times of ice sheet collapse has never been directly demonstrated. Here we demonstrate enhanced diatom production and accumulation in the Amundsen Sea during a Mid-Pliocene interglacial that precisely coincides with pulses of ice-rafted debris (IRD) accumulation, and we infer a causal relation. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 379 obtained continuous sediment records from the Amundsen Sea continental rise to document West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) history in an area currently experiencing the largest ice loss in Antarctica. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imagery of Mid-Pliocene interglacial sediments of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) (GI-17, ∼ 3.9 Ma) documents distinct intervals of IRD-rich diatomite, whereas the overall diatom abundance and concentration of bloom species is relatively low in the absence of visible IRD. Sand- and granule-sized IRD grains are documented fully encased within diatomite laminae, with some displaying soft-sediment micro-deformation formed by grains falling into soft diatom ooze. IRD-rich diatomite layers are often characterized by nearly monospecific assemblages of the pelagic diatom Thalassiothrix antarctica, indicating very high primary productivity as IRD grains fell. Diatom-filled fecal pellets with clusters of barite grains are also documented within some of these laminae, further indicating direct mass sinking of diatom mats. Melting icebergs release soluble nutrients along with IRD; thus the coincidence of IRD and bloom species in Amundsen Sea sediments provides compelling evidence that iceberg discharge and melting directly initiates enhanced diatom productivity in the Southern Ocean. These results may contribute to interpreting past WAIS history by providing another proxy for potential collapse events. Furthermore, we suggest that ice sheet collapse may more broadly enhance Southern Ocean diatom production, which in itself can contribute to increased carbon export, potentially attenuating or countering the warming that may have triggered the collapse.
The existence of women in Islam studying the film Nyai Ahmad Dahlan
Authors: Jamilatun Anggraini , Candra Sari Triska , Lailan Arqam Mhd
Published: August 2024

In Indonesian society, household matters are usually handled by women. To this day, the patriarchal culture still persists. In a patriarchal culture, women are required to possess three skills: macak (dressing up), masak (cooking), and manak (giving birth). A woman's success is measured by her ability to master these three skills; failure to do so results in her being considered worthless within a family and society. However, Islam highly regards women and does not differentiate between men and women except in terms of piety and natural disposition. Siti Walidah fought for this situation, emphasizing that women should reclaim their rights, particularly in education. This study aims to analyze the existence of women in Islam by examining the film 'Nyai Ahmad Dahlan,' which portrays Siti Walidah as a heroine of emancipation in Islamic education. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method and a literature review, drawing data from journals, books, and websites. This literature review concludes that Siti Walidah spread Islam by advocating for women's rights. Throughout her life, Siti Walidah made numerous contributions, such as founding the 'Sopo Tresno' study group, which later became 'Aisyiyah, teaching literacy, and providing job opportunities for women. All these efforts were made by Siti Walidah to ensure that women have the same opportunities as men, thereby advancing the nation.
Analisis Model kanal 5G terhadap Pengaruh Suhu dan Kelembaban pada Frekuensi 26 GHz dan 28 GHz di Jawa Timur
Authors: Luthfiah Arbiah Nasir  , Ulinuha Mustakim Hamzah , Ayu Faradila Purnama Arrizky
Published: August 2024

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini akan terus berkembang sehingga layanan telekomunikasi dijadikan sebagai kebutuhan utama. Untuk mendukung perkembangan revolusi industri 4.0, penggunaan 5G New Radio merupakan solusi yang tepat. Teknologi 5G New Radio ini dirancang lebih baik daripada teknologi 4G sebelumnya, terutama pada bagian pita frekuensi. Penggunaan frekuensi yang tinggi tersebut sangat sensitif dan terpengaruh oleh kondisi alam, seperti suhu dan kelembaban yang akan menimbulkan redaman pada perambatan gelombang. penelitian ini dilakukan analisa terhadap dua variabel, yaitu variabel tetap dan variabel berubah pada Provinsi Jawa Timur. Variabel tetap meliputi frekuensi 26 GHz dan 28 GHz dengan bandwidth 100 MHz. Sedangkan variabel berubah meliputi suhu (suhu maksimum dan minimum) dan kelembaban (kelembaban maksimum dan minimum). Hasil yang didapatkan berdasarkan pengujian delay spread simulasi dan kalkulasi, diantara ketiga lokasi penelitian, Kota Batu yang paling bagus karena memiliki nilai RMS delay yang kecil dan daya yang diterima lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kedua lokasi penelitian lainnya. Sedangkan untuk kalkulasi capacity channel dan bit rate didapatkan Kabupaten Pasuruan memiliki hasil yang lebih bagus dikarenakan memiliki kapasitas yang lebih besar. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dipengaruhi oleh besar frekuensi yang digunakan. Penggunaan frekuensi 26 GHz jauh lebih bagus karena menghasilkan nilai delay yang lebih kecil dengan kondisi skenario minimum.
Self-Health Examination Pavilion (APKM) for Health Consultation
Authors: Johan Ahmad Wali Satria Bahari , Montolalu Billy , T. Rasmana Susijanto , Yusuf Wicaksono Ardian , Dzulfikar Fauzi Muhammad
Published: August 2024

The Self-Health Examination Platform (APKM) aims to help medical personnel reduce the usual initial examination procedures so that further examinations or consultations can be carried out immediately. The usual initial examinations that are carried out include measuring body weight, height, body temperature, blood pressure, oxygen levels in the blood, number of heart beats per minute, respiratory rate per minute, and an electrocardiogram to record heart activity. All measurements are carried out in one bridge and are equipped with an audio-visual guide. Measurement devices use equipment with a high level of precision and work automatically so that they can be used by ordinary people. However, the results of this examination need to be consulted with a doctor. In this research, it is proposed to develop APKM for telemedicine so that patients who have carried out independent examinations can consult directly with a doctor regarding the results of their examination.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Perencanaan Pengadaan Barang Menggunakan Framework Laravel (Studi Kasus Universitas XYZ)
Authors: Muharrom Al Haromainy Muhammad , Lina Nurlaili Afina , Purnomo Ryan
Published: August 2024

Pengadaan barang merupakan proses yang penting dalam sebuah organisasi. Hal ini berkaitan dengan anggaran yang akan dikeluarkan oleh sebuah organisasi. Dalam proses pengadaan barang di Universitas XYZ, masih menggunakan sistem file tradisional. Salah satu dampak apabila menggunakan sistem file adalah kerusakan data. Dalam penelitian ini diusulkan sistem informasi berbasis web untuk mencegah terjadinya kerusakan data. Sistem informasi yang dibuat menggunakan framework Laravel. Framework Laravel merupakan framework dengan Bahasa pemrograman PHP yang menawarkan berbagai fitur yang memudahkan dalam membangun sebuah aplikasi berbasis web. Sistem yang telah dibuat kemudian diuji menggunakan pengujian black box. Pengujian black box merupakan diujikan untuk memeriksa keberhasilan sistem berdasarkan sudut pandang pengguna.
Тенденции развития науки в системе высшего образования на этапе формирования экономики знаний в Республике Казахстан
Authors: Тапенова Г.С. , Богданова Б. , Әмірәлі А.
Published: August 2024

Бұл мақалада Қазақстан Республикасында білімдер экономикасын қалыптастыру кезеңіндегі жоғары білім беру жүйесіндегі ғылымның даму үрдістері қарастырылады. Білімге негізделген экономиканың қалыптасуына ықпал ететін жоғары білім беру жүйесінде ғылымды дамыту ел болашағының кепілі деп білеміз.

Данная статья рассматривает тенденции развития науки в системе высшего образования на этапе формирования экономики знаний. Развитие науки в системе высшего образования, способствующее формированию экономики, основанной на знаниях, является залогом будущего страны.

This article examines the trends in the development of science in the higher education system at the stage of formation of the knowledge economy. The development of science in the higher education system, contributing to the formation of a knowledge-based economy, is the key to the country's future.
Разработка системы принятия решений с использованием теоремы Байеса
Authors: Tsitsina A. , KHOMENKO T.
Published: August 2024

Intellectualization, having become an imperative for the development of modern means of communication, information retrieval, computing, data processing and analysis, significantly increases the availability of information technologies for users with different levels of computer training. The article discusses an expert system for decision-making based on Bayes' theorem for mining enterprises in the region.

Интеллектуализация, став императивом развития современных средств коммуникации, поиска информации, вычислений, обработки и анализа данных, значительно повышает доступность информационных технологий для пользователей, имеющих разные уровни компьютерной подготовки. В статье рассматривается экспертная система для принятия решения на основе теоремы Байеса для горнодобывающих предприятий региона.

Интеллектуализация заманауи коммуникация құралдарын, ақпаратты іздеуді, есептеулерді, деректерді өңдеуді және талдауды дамытудың императивіне айнала отырып, компьютерлік дайындықтың әртүрлі деңгейлері бар пайдаланушылар үшін ақпараттық технологиялардың қолжетімділігін айтарлықтай арттырады. Мақалада аймақтың тау-кен кәсіпорындары үшін Байес теоремасы негізінде шешім қабылдауға арналған сараптамалық жүйе қарастырылады.
Стресс психологиясындағы күрес стратегиясының рөлі: тәсілдері, әдістері
Authors: Уалибекова А.
Published: August 2024

В научной статье рассматривается понятие копинга. Критерии копинг-стратегий варьируются в зависимости от осознанности, произвольности и объекта регуляции, подчеркивается тесная связь между копингом и эмоциональной регуляцией. Приводится сравнительный анализ двух популярных методов оценки копинг-стратегий: опросника Р. Лазаруса и С. Фолкман и методики COPE Ч. Кавера, М. Шейера и Д. Вентрауба, демонстрируя разнообразие подходов и инструментов в исследуемой области.

Ғылыми мақалада копинг ұғымы қарастырылады. Күрес стратегияларының критерийлері хабардарлыққа, ерік-жігерге және реттеу объектісіне байланысты өзгереді, күресу мен эмоционалды реттеу арасындағы тығыз байланысқа баса назар аударылады. Күрес стратегияларын бағалаудың екі танымал әдісінің салыстырмалы талдауы келтірілген: Р. Лазарус пен С. Фолкман сауалнамасы және C. Caver, M. Sheier және D. Ventraub COPE әдістерін, зерттелетін саладағы әртүрлі тәсілдер мен құралдарды көрсетеді.

The scientific article discusses the concept of coping. The criteria of coping strategies vary depending on awareness, arbitrariness and the object of regulation, and the close connection between coping and emotional regulation is emphasized. A comparative analysis of two popular methods for evaluating coping strategies is given: the questionnaire by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman and the COPE methodology by Ch. Cover, M. Scheyer and D. Ventraub, demonstrating a variety of approaches and tools in the field under study.
A ANALISIS PENETRALAN AIR ASAM TAMBANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KAPUR TOHOR DI PT BATURONA ADIMULYA KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Ariska Ica , Rianti Lina , Maryana Maryana
Published: August 2024

Kegiatan penambangan adalah kegiatan dengan daya ubah lingkungan yang sangat besar yang mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan lingkungan yang dapat memicu terjadinya perubahan kimiawi yang berdampak pada kualitas air tanah dan air permukaan. Salah satu permasalahan yang terjadinya pada penambangan batubara adalah air asam tambang, yaitu air hujan atau air tanah yang tercampur dengan batuan yang mengandung sulfida tertentu yang ada da dalam batubara, sehingga air tersebut bersifat asam. Dimana PT Baturona Adimulya memiliki komitmen untuk mengolah air asam tambang yang terbentuk akibat dari kegiatan penambangan. Air asam tambang yang terbentuk akibat adanya oksidasi mineral sulfida, terutama pirit (FeS2) yang menghasilkan asam sulfat. Penanganan air asam tambang bertujuan untuk memenuhi baku mutu air buangan berdasarkan Kep.Men.LH 113/2003. PT Baturona Adimulya memiliki pengolahan air asam tambang menggunakan metode aktif, yaitu penggunaan kapur tohor. Oleh karena itu, pengolahan air asam  tambang di PT Baturona Adimulya dimulai dari kegiatan persiapan barang penetralan hingga proses kegiatan akhir, yaitu pengukuran pH. Sedangkan untuk menaikkan pH 4 ke pH 6 sesuai dengan baku mutu lingkungan 6-9 dengan rata-rata volume kolam pengendapan lumpur sebesar 4.266,119 m3 dan untuk volume air kolam pengendapan lumpur sebesar 1.476,162 liter membutuhkan kapur tohor sebesar 95 karung/bulan.
P PERENCANAAN DESAIN PIT BANKO SELATAN PT BUKIT ASAM, Tbk. PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Hardianti Siti , Adiwarman Mirza
Published: August 2024

PT Bukit Asam, Tbk. merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang penambangan batubara. Salah satu aspek terpenting dalam penambangan batubara adalah rancangan atau desain pit pada area penambangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat desain pit, mengetahui volume overburden dan volume batubara serta membuat forecast plan kebutuhan alat di Pit Banko Selatan yang saat ini belum beroperasi. Rancangan desain pit ini bertujuan sebagai acuan dalam pembuatan pit yang aman dan menguntungkan. Untuk pembuatan desain pit Banko Selatan dimulai dari elevasi tertinggi yaitu 150 dan diakhiri elevasi terendah yaitu -10, serta untuk mempertimbangkan pencapaian dari target produksi yang telah ditentukan. Dalam rencana produksi perbulan adalah overburden 8.048.526,32 bcm dan 1.472.483,42 ton batubara dengan menggunakan SR 5,9:1. Desain pit ini dibuat dengan menggunakan Software Minescape 5.7 sesuai dengan parameter yang telah ditentukan oleh perusahaan yaitu lebar bench 25 meter, tinggi bench 8 meter, dan overall slope angle 45o. Dari parameter yang telah ditentukan maka terbentuklah desain pit yang dinyatakan ideal. Dari target produksi di atas maka akan didapat berapa umur tambang pit Banko Selatan yaitu 27 tahun. Dan untuk kebutuhan alat yang digunakan di pit Banko Selatan adalah 11 excavator PC 2000 dan 23 HD jadi di pit Banko Selatan menggunakan 11 fleet dimana 1 excavator melayani 2 HD dan untuk mencapai target batubara 1.472.483,42 ton diperlukan 10 excavator dan 128 DT dengan menggunakan 10 fleet dimana 1 excavator melayani 13 DT.
B BIOPLASTIK DARI NATA DE COCO DENGAN METODE MELT INTERCALATION (KAJIAN PENGARUH JENIS FILLER DAN KONSENTRASI FILLER)
Authors: Melani Ani , Robiah Robiah , Siahaan Ismi Manora
Published: August 2024

Bioplastik merupakan plastik yang dapat terdegradasi dalam waktu yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan plastik konvensional yang sulit terdegradasi sehingga mencemari lingkungan. Agar plastik mudah terdegradasi maka plastik terbuat dari bahan alami seperti pati dan selulosa. selulosa merupakan karbohidrat cadangan pangan pada tanaman. Bahan baku Nata de coco merupakan salah satu bahan yang banyak mengandung selulosa, yaitu 42,57 % (Nur Arfa, 2017). Penelitian Bioplastik dari nata de coco dengan Metode Melt Intercalation ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan jenis filler dan konsentrasi filler terhadap karakteristik bioplastik yang dihasilkan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 7188-7:2017). Pada penelitian ini pembuatan bioplastik menggunakan metode melt intercalation yaitu teknik inversi fasa dengan penguapan pelarut setelah proses pencetakan. Variabel tetap pada penelitian ini adalah Nata de coco sebanyak 10 gram dengan kondisi waktu pengadukan konstan dengan menggunakan magnetic stirrer selama 30 menit dan waktu pengovenan selama 5 jam pada temperatur 45°C dan sorbitol sebagai plasticizer sebanyak 25% dari berat nata de coco. Sedangkan variabel bebas adalah jenis filler Kitosan dan ZnO dan konsentrasi filler (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, dan 15%). Hasil penelitian berupa lembaran bioplastik yang kemudian dianalisa kuat tarik, pemanjangan (elongation) dan biodegradasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisa bioplastik dari nata de coco dengan variasi dan konsentrasi terbaik adalah pada ZnO 3% ditinjau dari nilai kuat tarik 5,9524 MPa, Pemanjangan 16% dan biodegradasi dengan analisa selama 9 hari sebesar 64,4 % berat residual dan bioplastik memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 7188-7:2017).
A ANALISIS KEGIATAN TRANSPORTASI CRUDE OIL HASIL PRODUKSI TAMBANG RAKYAT DESA SUNGAI ANGIT OLEH BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUM DESA) PT TSE MENUJU LANDING STATION PT X ASSET-1 R FIELD DARI ASPEK KEEKONOMIAN DAN KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA
Authors: Antari Azka Roby , Trimadona Trimadona , Rizki M. Dewa
Published: August 2024

Transportasi merupakan kegiatan pemindahan/ pengangkutan barang atau penumpang dari satu titik menuju titik lainnya, Peranan transportasi disuatu perusahaan sangat penting. Salah satu contoh transportasi minyak bumi menggunakan armada truk tangki adalah pada masyarakat yang menambang minyak bumi dari sumur-sumur tua di wilayah Desa Sungai Angit, Kec. Babat Toman, Kab. Musi Banyuasin, mereka mengirimkan produk hasil usahanya berupa crude oil untuk dijual ke PT Pertamina dengan menggunakan armada truk tangki yang dikelola oleh perusahaan jasa angkutan PT TSE . Sumur tua adalah sumur yang ditambang sejak zaman Belanda dan era sebelum 1970, sebagian sumur sudah tidak lagi diusahakan namun tetap berada dalam wilayah kerja aktif Kontraktor Kontrak Kerjasama (KKKS) yang kemudian diusahakan oleh masyarakat, ada yang tanpa izin (ilegal) namun ada juga yang berizin dalam bentuk KUD, sumur tua yang dikelola masyarakat ini disebut juga ”sumur tradisional”. Dalam 10 hari operasi selama Bulan April 2021, PT TSE berhasil mentransfer 2.245,2 drum crude oil (3.037,9 bbl) hasil produksi dari masyarakat, dengan rata-rata watercut 0,55% , dari sini proyeksikan rata-rata pendapatan harian bulan April PT TSE adalah RP 110.619.500 / hari. Nilai bisnis ini memberik dampak ekonomi kepada masyarakat, namun dalam penerapan aturan K3 masih banyak ditemui ketidaksesuaian.
Ensaios Filosóficos: escritos de seminaristas
Authors:   Clesiane Bindaco Benevenuti
Published: August 2024

“O presente livro, proposto, incentivado e orientado pela professora Clesiane na disciplina Português e Literatura, desenvolvido no Seminário Diocesano Bom Pastor em parceria com o Seminário São João Maria Vianey, objetiva formar o seminarista e possibilitar o desenvolvimento de seu potencial e capacidade de síntese. Dessa forma, os textos (ensaios, porque ainda são experimentos, embriões em formação), elaborados por seminaristas das etapas do Propedêutico e da Filosofia, são frutos de pesquisas e reflexões nas quais cada formando procurou expressar sua capacidade de síntese, como também demonstrar esforço em apresentar temas atuais e relevantes numa perspectiva formativa” (Pe. Alci).
Die Neue Handelstheorie: Stiefkind der Agrarökonomie? - Einige Anwendungen für den Zuckermarkt -
Authors: Von Witzke Harald
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Anstöße für ein verbessertes Finanzmanagement in landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen
Authors: Köhne Manfred
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Evaluierung der Erfolgsfaktoren des EFQM-Modells in der österreichischen Ernährungswirtschaft anhand des Analytischen Hierarchieprozesses
Authors: Meixner Oliver , Pöchtrager Siegfried , Haas Rainer
Published: August 2024

Numerous companies in the Austrian food industry have already been certified in accordance with the ISO 9000 standards. However, the introduction of a quality management system in a company alone does not guarantee continuous improvement as required by the standard ÖNORM ISO 9001:2000. In order to be successful when introducing and maintaining a quality management system in a company, a number of important factors must be considered. These success factors are derived from the "European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Model for Business Excellence". The purpose of the EFQM Model is to support the internal assessment of the quality management within a company, and it can be regarded as a motor for internal improvement. In particular, for companies planning to introduce a quality management system it is very useful since it tells them which factors have to be taken into account even before they introduce the system. Basically, the EFQM defines a specific weighting of the 9 success factors of the model. The aim of the study is to evaluate the pre-determined weighting of the EFQM success factors for the Austrian food industry.
Modellgestützte Politikberatung im Naturschutz: Zur "optimalen" Flächennutzung in der Agrarlandschaft des Biosphärenreservates "Mittlere Elbe"
Authors: Hillert Daniel , Ahrens Heinz , Harth Michael , Horlitz Thomas , Sander Achim
Published: August 2024

Using the example of the MAB Biosphere Preserve "Mittlere Elbe", this article demonstrates how an "optimal" land-use pattern - a pattern aimed at combining ecological, economic and social objectives in an adequate way - can be determined. The focus is on the definition of alternative nature conservation approaches, the scenario technique, the definition of landscape functions, the utility analysis and the adaptive conjoint analysis. In addition, the authors demonstrate which quantitative methods can be used to obtain the information needed for utility and conjoint analyses on the ecological and economic effects of the conservation scenarios as well as on the weighting of the landscape functions, and how they can be integrated. Finally, it is shown that the conflict between ecological and economic objectives cannot only be reduced by a regional differentiation of the extent of resource protection - as shown in the literature -, but also by a spatial variation of the type of environment conservation.
Handels- und Budgeteffekte der WTO-Agrarverhandlungen in der Doha-Runde: Der revidierte Harbinson-Vorschlag
Authors: Brockmeier Martina , Salamon Petra
Published: August 2024

A great deal of attention is currently being paid to the discussion of the reform of global agricultural trade. In this paper, the effects of the revised Harbinson paper (March 2003) are analysed with an extensively extended GTAP model. With the help of a base run, projections are implemented in the form of economic developments as well as already enacted EU policy reforms and measures (Agenda 2000, Mid-Term Review, EU enlargement, EBA agreement) from 1997 to 2014. The base run is compared with a scenario simulating the Doha Round of the WTO based on the revised draft of the Harbinson proposal. The difference between the base run and the model scenario provides information on the effects on EU trade and budget. The revised Harbinson paper leads to a particularly negative development in the trade balances and production quantities for the agricultural and food sectors of the EU-27, which are supported with high import duties, export subsidies and direct payments. Significant effects could be seen particularly in the cases processed food, beef, fruits and vegetables, other cereals and oils and fats. A decomposition of the total effects of the implementation of the Harbinson paper provides detailed insights in the effects resulting from the changes in the complex protection structure of the CAP. The implementation of the Doha Round of the WTO negotiations leads to a reduction in expenses for agricultural market policy of the CAP, caused especially by the production related reduction in direct payments and the complete dismantling of export subsidies.
Aspekte der Agrarpolitik 2004
Authors: Grethe Harald , Häger Astrid , Kirschke Dieter
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Branchenspezifische Besonderheiten im Innovationsver-halten des Ernährungsgewerbes: Eine empirische Analyse des Mannheimer Innovationspanels
Authors: Kubitzki Sabine , Anders Sven
Published: August 2024

The article’s aim is to conduct a comparative cross-section analysis of the innovative behaviour of the German manufacturing industry. The peculiarities of the food industry are tested in a combined analysis based on both input and output indicators. Linear and logistic regressions are used to investigate the differences between the food industry and other branches of the manufacturing industry. In comparison to other branches, the food industry has lower research & development (R&D) expenditures whereas the import of research from more technology intensive sectors is high. Most of the released new products are improvements and imitations. Market novelties are rare. The development time for new products is relatively short compared to other industries, on average 8.5 months. A major part of innovations are imitated rapidly by competing firms, therefore the first mover advantages are low. Due to the low newness of innovations, marketing activities (e.g. advertising, labelling) are more important for new product introductions than in other industries. The regression analysis for the input indicators measured by the innovation intensity shows that the innovative behaviour of food companies significantly deviates from other manufacturing sectors. However, the logistic regression analysis of the output indicators doesn’t confirm these results. The dummy variable of the food companies has no significant impact on the output indicators. Firms in the food industry might embark on imitation and product modification strategies. Therefore, they realize an average innovation output without spending the same amount of money as the other industries. In addition, it can be confirmed that small enterprises of the German manufacturing industry have a higher innovation activity in terms of both innovation input and output. The impact of business expectations on input and output indicators is significantly positive. An international orientation measured by the ratio of exports to firm sales leads to a higher probability of introducing new products and novelties.
The show must go on: Zur politischen Ökonomie der Ländlichen Entwicklungspolitik in der EU
Authors: Henning Christian H.C.A.
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Multifunktionalität als Erklärungsansatz
Authors: Mann Stefan , Wüstemann Henry
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Modellierung der Auswirkungen einer Entkopplung der Direktzahlungen in der EU auf die Flächenallokation und Wiederkäuerproduktion: Eine Analyse unterschiedlicher Modellergebnisse
Authors: Balkhausen Oliver , Banse Martin , Grethe Harald , Nolte Stephan
Published: August 2024

Decoupling of direct payments can be expected to have complex effects and the net effect on crop and fodder acreage is unclear. A literature review reveals that various simulation models uniformly project a decline of the cereal and silage maize acreage as well as ruminant production in the EU-15 in the course of decoupling of direct payments. In contrast, model results are mixed with respect to the direction of the decoupling effect on oilseed and pasture as well as voluntary set aside area. The model type is not found to have a systematic effect on model results. It is rather the assumptions about the effects of direct payments on production which differ widely and drive model results to a large extent. A model analysis which is based on the partial agricultural sector model ESIM-2005 highlights the importance of the level of pasture acreage allocation elasticities in the determination of decoupling effects on the distribution of Grandes Cultures and fodder & pasture area.
Der Markt für Zucker
Authors: Sommer Ulrich
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Landwirtschaftliche Taxationslehre – Eine unterbewertete Disziplin –
Authors: Köhne Manfred
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Future land-use change in the Netherlands: an analysis based on a chain of models
Authors: Kuhlman Tom , Van Tongeren Frank , Helming John , Tabeau Andrzej , Gaaff Aris , Groeneveld Rolf , Koole Boudewijn , Verhoog David , Dekkers Jasper
Published: August 2024

Analyses of the impact of European policies on agricultural change are most often based on agricultural sector models. Such models have their limitations: they cannot specify the interaction between agriculture and the rest of the economy, and their spatial dimension is usually limited. Land use simulation models, on the other hand, usually depend on other models for assessing the demand for land. The consistency of those models with the assumptions and databases of the land use model is often not examined. This article reports on a research project where the links between a macro-economic model, an agricultural sector model and a land use model were explicitly explored in order to arrive at a consistent model chain. This integrated framework was put to the test by applying it to two contrasting scenarios, which compare impact on agricultural incomes, land use and land management.
Beurteilung der technischen Effizienz der Agrarsektoren der EU-Beitrittsländer anhand parametrischer und nicht-parametrischer Analyseverfahren
Authors: Francksen Tammo , Latacz-Lohmann Uwe
Published: August 2024

This paper employs Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis to examine the technical efficiency of the agricultural sectors of the Central and Eastern European accession Countries (CEECs) during the period 1998-2001. The results indicate that the agricultural sectors of many accession countries are both technically inefficient and scale-inefficient. The analysis of changes in total factor productivity suggests slow rates of adoption of technical progress, declining technical efficiency of agricultural enterprises and, as a result, less efficient use of existing technologies and resources during the considered time period.
Faktoren für die Zufriedenheit mit Qualitätssystemen aus Sicht der Primärerzeuger
Authors: Enneking Ulrich , Obersojer Thomas , Kratzmair Marion
Published: August 2024

In order to ensure and to improve quality in the agro-food sector quality systems have to undergo a permanent change: simple end-of-the-pipe monitoring is therefore being replaced with management oriented concepts. Farmers are also increasingly requested to implement quality systems. This paper gives an overview of quality regimes in the agro-food sector and compares three systems in the domains of pork production, potato growing and the cultivation of hop. 315 Bavarian farmers were interviewed in order to identify factors which may influence the satisfaction with quality systems. Differences between the three quality regimes were moderate with respect to the overall satisfaction. Hop growers judged their system to improve production efficiency while the others did not to this extent. Socio-demographic factors do not have any significant impact on farmers' satisfaction with the quality systems. Key factors are gains in image, in sales and in production efficiency. The results of this study helps for a successful development of the plenty quality systems actually offered.
Deutschland – Energie-Corn-Belt Europas?
Authors: Gömann Horst , Kreins Peter , Breuer Thomas
Published: August 2024

The amendment of the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) in 2004 has established an attractive support of using renewable resources for energy production, which since then has fuelled a rapid expansion of the competitive cropping of energy maize. The regionalised agricultural sector model RAUMIS was applied to calculate expected energy maize production as well as impacts on agricultural land use, production and income. Accordingly, the energy maize acreage rises up to about 1.8 mill hectares in the long run leading to substantial land use changes. The produced energy maize for biogas and power generation respectively is sufficient to provide circa 9% of the current German total electricity generation. In regard to the costs for the current consumer which amount to 4.4 bn € per year compared to electricity on the basis of fossil resources as well as the long term commitment to this specific power generation technology it is strongly recommended to review the measures set out in the EEG with respect to its efficiency to achieve the pursued objectives.
Analyse des verbraucherorientierten Qualitätsurteils mittels assoziativer Verfahren am Beispiel von Schweinefleisch und Kartoffeln
Authors: Bruhn Maike , Grebitus Carola
Published: August 2024

Consumers’ quality judgement depends on their knowledge concerning certain quality attributes. Against this background this paper presents the results of a consumer survey conducted in 2004. We focus on measuring consumers’ cognitive structures regarding pork and potatoes. On this account we apply a free-association technique and a variation of concept mapping. Our analysis shows that consumers’ cognitive structures are quite complex and heterogeneous. Product characteristics such as ‘taste’ and ‘fat content’ dominate consumers’ knowledge. To predict the eating quality of pork consumers prefer intrinsic quality cues. In contrast to that extrinsic quality cues are used to predict the origin of the given product. With regard to potatoes the intrinsic quality cue ‘appearance’ as well as the extrinsic quality cue ‘kind’ are used to predict the palatability. This knowledge enables marketers to invent consumer-oriented marketing activities.
Pachtpreisanpassungsklauseln: Ein Beitrag zum Risikomanagement landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe?
Authors: Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Evaluierung von Agrarumweltprogrammen auf Grundlage der Umwelteffizienz landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe
Authors: Francksen Tammo , Latacz-Lohmann Uwe
Published: August 2024

This paper sets out to develop an economic framework for ex post evaluations of agri-environmental schemes. We begin by developing a non-parametric model for estimating farm-level environmental efficiency scores. We then use this efficiency framework to devise a set of economic criteria for evaluating agri-environmental schemes. One key criterion is whether an environmental scheme has given rise to an increase in environmental efficiency scores across participating farms, relative to a counterfactual group of non participants. We finally demonstrate the potential usefulness of the framework by applying it to a fictitious multiple-objective conservation programme. The dataset is made up of 100 fictitious farms, half of which participate in the environmental programme. Each farm is characterised by a set of financial and environmental performance indicators. The results of this mock evaluation show that the proposed evaluation framework generates useful insights into the performance of the scheme and permits identification of potential improvements.
Behavioristische Analyse des Verbraucherverhaltens in der landwirtschaftlichen Direktvermarktung
Authors: Heer Ines M.
Published: August 2024

Scandals in the food industry have caused uncertainty about quality and innocuousness of food for many consumers. Direct marketing of products by farmers may be an important way to strengthen consumers´ confidence. In this article, the buyer is focus of the analysis. In contrast to other studies, the purchasing changes are examined. The objective is the development of an econometric model and the development of strategies for direct marketing.
Hedging von Mengenrisiken in der Landwirtschaft – Wie teuer dürfen „ineffektive“ Wetterderivate sein?
Authors: Mußhoff Oliver , Hirschauer Norbert
Published: August 2024

Since the mid-nineties, agricultural economists discuss the suitability of “weather derivatives” as hedging instruments for volumetric risks in agriculture. Contrary to traditional insurance contracts, the payoffs of such derivatives are linked to weather indices (e.g. accumulated rainfall or temperature over a certain period) that are measured objectively at a defined meteorological station. While weather derivatives thus circumvent the problem of moral hazard and adverse selection, weather derivative markets for the agricultural sector are still in their infancy all-over the world. Some economists attribute this to theoretical valuation problems and the lack of a pricing method which is accepted by all market participants. Others think that the low hedging effectiveness of (standardized and non-customized) weather contracts cripple the market. Motivated by the question of how weather derivatives should be priced to agricultural firms, this paper describes a risk programming model which can be used to determine farmers’ willingness-to-pay (demand function) for weather derivatives. The model considers both the derivative’s farm-specific risk reduction capacity and the individual farmer’s risk acceptance. Applying it to the exemplary case of a Brandenburg farm reveals that even a highly standardized contract which is based on the accumulated rainfall at the capital’s meteorological station in Berlin-Tempelhof generates a relevant willingness-to-pay. We find that a potential underwriter could even add a loading on the actuarially fair price that exceeds the loading level of traditional insurances. Since transaction costs are low compared to insurance contracts, this indicates that there may be a significant trading potential.
Lebensmittelkennzeichnungen: in ihrer Wirkung überschätzt
Authors: Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Einzelbetrieblicher Umgang mit Dokumentationspflichten im Pflanzenschutz: Eine empirische Erhebung
Authors: Battermann Henning W. , Steinmann Horst-Henning , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Due to new legislation, contractual commitments and societal demands, the need to document production processes has been growing continuously for farmers. This is particularly so with regard to plant protection. In this study, we surveyed how 581 farmers from Lower Saxony meet the documentation requirements. Almost all farmers surveyed document their plant production including plant protection measures. The most striking differences can be observed with regard to documentation technologies and investments made. Factor and cluster analyses allowed the identification four groups of farmers with different motivations and attitudes towards existing documentation requirements.
Der Schutz geographischer Herkunftsangaben: Herausforderungen für agrarökonomische, rechtswissenschaftliche und interdisziplinäre Forschung
Authors: Herrmann Roland , Marauhn Thilo , Teuber Ramona
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Öffentliche Wahrnehmung der Primärverantwortung für Lebensmittelsicherheit: Eine Medienanalyse der Gammelfleischskandale
Authors: Schulze Holger , Böhm Justus , Kleinschmit Daniela , Spiller Achim , Nowak Beate
Published: August 2024

At the beginning of the year 2005 the German meat industry frequently appeared in the media with reports about rotten meat. Since then a huge number of new problems with meat have arisen which have disclosed weaknesses in food quality control and highlighted the extremely sensitive nature of the subject in the meat sector. Contrary to the BSE crisis after which private control systems were strengthened, the "rotten meat scandals" led to more state control. Hence, no clear political direction is perceptible as to whether primary responsibility for food safety should lie with the state or with the industry. The following contribution examines this question with regard to the presentation of this subject in the media. It is based on the content analysis of 347 articles on the topic "rotten meat" which were published in seven German newspapers. The empirical results demonstrate that state actors have dominated the debate in the media and have thus decisively contributed to the fact that the primary responsibility for food security in Germany is assigned to the government. Companies and organizations of the meat industry have hardly ever appeared in the discussion.
Assessing local action groups and auctions as institutional alternatives for designing and implementing agri-environmental measures in the EU - results from an expert survey
Authors: Eggers Jörg , Mettepenningen Evy , Beckmann Volker
Published: August 2024

The new European Council Regulation on support for rural development (EC) No. 1698/2005 has opened up the opportunity for two important innovations for the design and implementation of agri-environmental measures: local action groups (LAG) according to the LEADER approach and calls for tender. The article firstly reviews the political and scientific debate on the possible performance of these innovations and, secondly, analyses how agents in public administrations, private associations and research institutes assess them. This ex-ante evaluation is based on 279 interviews in nine EU member states, carried out in the context of an EU-research project in the Sixth Framework Programme in 2006. The results show that (1) the performance of LAG is generally rated higher than that of auctions, (2) different actors show similar evaluation patterns, thus forming advocacy coalitions, and (3) experiences and learning may play an important role in the actors’ evaluation of both innovations.
Der Markt für Getreide und Ölfrüchte
Authors: Schumacher Klaus-Dieter , Chilla Bernhard
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Fleisch und Fleischprodukte
Authors: Efken Josef , Haxsen Gerhard , Pelikan Janine
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Determinanten der Zeitverwendung für Ernährung in Deutschland: eine ökonometrische Analyse mit Zeitbudgetdaten
Authors: Möser Anke
Published: August 2024

Time budget data describe how much time people invest in different activities of a daily routine. The study presents contributions of time budget data to the nutrition research on the example of German Time Budget Surveys 1991/92 and 2001/02 of the German Statistical Office. Over time, mothers reduced the amount of time spent on food preparation. Tobit analysis reveals that time inputs in cooking, baking and laying the table are influenced by personal as well as household-specific characteristics and especially by intra-family allocation of time. Fathers increase their participation in food preparation as time invested in their own jobs decreases and their partner’s degree of employment increases. The decomposition of Tobit coefficients, following the MCDONALD/MOFFITT procedure, is discussed. The study reveals how time budget data can contribute to household economic research in an innovative way. Although time budget data do not unveil quality and quantitiy of the food in family households, the results of the study demonstrate the importance of institutionally organised nutrition education in kindergarten and school.