bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific efficacy and safety of cryoballoon versus radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Clerc Olivier , Pudenz Christiane , Illigens Ben , Kühne Michael
Published: July 2019

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing healthcare burden, for which pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using cryoballoon (CB) or radiofrequency (RF) represent attractive therapies. Women are at higher risk of recurrence after AF ablation and present a specific complications profile. Therefore, a systematic catheter‐specific assessment of pulmonary vein isolation is urgently needed in women.

Objective: Systematically assessing the sex‐specific efficacy/safety of CB vs RF ablation.

Methods: We performed a structured database search of the scientific literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational prospective studies (OPS) comparing CB and RF ablation efficacy at 1 year. We investigated the reporting of sex‐specific analyses and assessed the comparative sex‐specific efficacy, safety and procedural characteristics of CB vs RF using random‐effect meta‐regression accounting for the proportion of enrolled women.

Results: Twenty‐three studies were included (18 OPS and 5 RCTs) for a total of 13 509 patients. Sex‐specific outcomes by ablation device were reported in two and sex‐specific regression in four studies, none of which took the ablation device into account. Meta‐regression accounting for the proportion of enrolled women showed no significant difference in outcomes between RF or CB.

Conclusion: The sex‐specific reporting in trials comparing CB to RF is extremely low. A quantitative meta‐regression using the percentage of enrolled women as sex‐specific indicator did not show any difference between CB and RF but acknowledging the low percentage of enrolled women and the lack of sex‐specific data, further research including patient‐level data is urgently needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
Long non‐coding RNA H19 is responsible for the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by mediating methylation‐dependent repression of CDH1 promoter
Authors: Gao Li‐Ming , Xu Shu‐Feng , Zheng Yue , Wang Ping , Zhang Ling , Shi Shan‐Shan , Wu Tong , Li Yang , Zhao Jing , Tian Qi , Yin Xiao‐Bo , Zheng Lei
Published: July 2019

Lung adenocarcinoma is a common histologic type of lung cancer with a high death rate globally. Increasing evidence shows that long non‐coding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) and CDH1 methylation are involved in multiple tumours. Here, we tried to investigate whether lncRNA H19 or CDH1 methylation could affect the development of lung adenocarcinoma. First, lung adenocarcinoma tissues were collected to detect CDH1 methylation. Then, the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA H19 were detected mainly in concert with the treatment of overexpression of lncRNA H19, siRNA against lncRNA H19, overexpression of CDH1 and demethylating agent A‐5az in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell. The expression of lncRNA H19 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related factors as well as cell proliferation, sphere‐forming ability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected. Finally, we observed xenograft tumour in nude mice so as to ascertain tumorigenicity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. LncRNA H19 and methylation of CDH1 were highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. A549 cells with silencing of lncRNA H19, overexpression of CDH1 or reduced CDH1 methylation by demethylating agent 5‐Az had suppressed cell proliferation, sphere‐forming ability, apoptosis, migration and invasion, in addition to inhibited EMT process. Silencing lncRNA H19 could reduce methylation level of CDH1. In vivo, A549 cells with silencing lncRNA H19, overexpression of CDH1 or reduced CDH1 methylation exhibited low tumorigenicity, reflected by the smaller tumour size and lighter tumour weight. Taken together, this study demonstrates that silencing of lncRNA H19 inhibits EMT and proliferation while promoting apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting methylation of CDH1 promoter.
Addition of antibacterial agent effect on color stability of composites after immersion of different beverages
Authors: Tuncdemir Makbule T. , Gulbahce Nilgun
Published: July 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of antibacterial agents to composites on color changes after immersion of these composites in different beverages.

Materials and Methods

Composite resins containing antibacterial agents (bioactive glass [BAG] and nano‐zinc silicium [NZS]) and a control group (no agent) were produced. The treatment groups were as follows: control, BAG, NZS, and BAG + NZS. Forty‐eight disc‐shaped specimens (8 mm in diameter and 2‐mm thick) were prepared, with 12 specimens in each group. Color measurements were measured before and after immersion of the specimens in staining solutions (tea, coffee, and water) for 1, 7, and 30 days. The color measurements were repeated, and changes were calculated using the CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) formula.

Results

Color differences were analyzed using a two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests. Significant differences were observed among the composite groups and solutions after all days in all the groups (P < .05).

Conclusions

The addition of the antibacterial agents did not reduce color changes. Color changes of the specimens immersed in coffee were greater than those of the specimens immersed in the other beverages, with the highest color change observed in the BAG groups.

Clinical Significance

The results provide information on the color stability of composite resins containing BAG and NZS and the staining potential of drinks commonly consumed in daily life. In terms of esthetic dentistry, BAG and NZS containing composites should be used in the posterior region, where there is a high risk of caries due to coloration.
Effect of optimized ultrasound‐assisted aqueous and ethanolic extraction of Pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom on total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant properties
Authors: Gogoi Parmita , Chutia Papori , Singh Parvinder , Mahanta Charu L.
Published: July 2019

Mushrooms are rich in phenolic compounds. The extraction of bioactive compounds from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus) using ultrasonication was optimized. Central composite rotatable design was conducted to optimize the extraction of polyphenols in water and ethanol. The independent variables taken for extraction were temperature (30–55°C), ultrasonic treatment time (8.00–20.00 min) and solvent/solid ratio (20–50 mL/g) and the responses were total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant property. The parameters of ultrasonication frequency and power were kept constant. The optimized conditions for water extract were 44°C, 14 min, and 20 mL/g and that of ethanol extract were 39°C, 13 min, and 20 mL/g. Ultrasonication treatment time, temperature and solid to solvent ratio influenced the yield of phenolic acids which were reflected in the responses analyzed. The experimental values under optimal conditions were in good agreement with the predicted values. The study demonstrated that mushroom extract obtained by ultasonication has potential for its health beneficial properties.

Practical Applications

Mushroom is a very good source of bioactive compounds. But being perishable in nature, it loses its functional properties very quickly after harvesting. The bioactive compounds can be extracted from mushroom and can be incorporated in different foods for their enrichment. This study showed that ultrasound‐assisted (UAE) extraction has potential as an emerging technique for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant sources. UAE showed higher yield of polyphenolic compound with higher antioxidant activity as compared to the conventional extraction methods. Moreover, UAE resulted in less consumption of time and energy than the conventional methods. The results indicate that ultrasound assisted extraction can be promoted as a extraction technique by different food industries.
Risk factors and nomogram for diabetes mellitus in idiopathic chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Dan , Guo Hong‐Lei , Hao Lu , Wang Teng , Zhang Di , Yang Huai‐Yu , Ma Jia‐Yi , Li Juan , Zhang Ling‐Ling , Lin Kun , Chen Cui , Han Xu , Lin Jin‐Huan , Bi Ya‐Wei , Xin Lei , Zeng Xiang‐Peng , Chen Hui , Xie Ting , Liao Zhuan , Cong Zhi‐Jie , Wang Li‐Sheng , Xu Zheng‐Lei , Li Zhao‐Shen , Hu Liang‐Hao ,   Chinese Medical Doctor Association of Pancreatology
Published: July 2019

Background and Aim

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common complication of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP), which impairs the quality of life for patients. This study aimed to identify risk factors and develop nomogram for DM in ICP to help early diagnosis.

Methods

Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis patients admitted to our center from January 2000 to December 2013 were included. Cumulative rates of DM were calculated by Kaplan–Meier method. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to the training and validation cohort. Based on training cohort, risk factors for DM were identified through Cox proportional hazards regression model, and nomogram was developed. Internal and external validations were performed based on the training and validation cohort, respectively.

Results

Totally, 1633 patients with ICP were finally enrolled. The median follow‐up duration was 9.8 years. DM was found in 26.3% (430/1633) of patients after the onset of CP. Adult at onset of ICP, biliary stricture at/before diagnosis of CP, steatorrhea at/before diagnosis of CP, and complex pathologic changes in main pancreatic duct were identified risk factors for DM development. The nomogram achieved good concordance indexes in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, with well‐fitted calibration curves.

Conclusions

Risk factors were identified, and nomogram was developed to determine the risk of DM in ICP patients. Patients with one or more of the risk factors including adult at onset of ICP, biliary stricture at/before diagnosis of CP, steatorrhea at/before diagnosis of CP, and complex pathologic changes in main pancreatic duct have higher incidence of DM.
Role of severe thrombocytopenia in preventing platelet count recovery in thrombocytopenic patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Hirooka Masashi , Ochi Hironori , Hiraoka Atsushi , Koizumi Yohei , Tanaka Takaaki , Sunago Kotaro , Yukimoto Atsushi , Imai Yusuke , Watanabe Takao , Yoshida Osamu , Abe Masanori , Joko Kouji , Michitaka Kojiro , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: July 2019

Background and Aim

Certain thrombocytopenic patients with chronic liver disease have inadequate platelet count recovery after platelet transfusion or lusutrombopag administration. We aimed to identify the reasons for this phenomenon.

Methods

We investigated 58 and 86 thrombocytopenic patients with chronic liver disease who received lusutrombopag (3 mg orally for up to 7 days) or underwent blood transfusions, respectively. Thirty patients underwent simultaneous hepatic surgery and splenectomy. Factors preventing platelet count recovery above 50 × 103/μL were identified.

Results

The median patient age was 64 years. Eleven, 78, and 55 patients had hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or another etiology, respectively; 59, 69, and 16 had Child–Pugh classes A, B, and C, respectively. The median spleen volume was 432 mL, and a median of 10 blood units were transfused per patient. The median platelet count rose significantly (from 41.5 × 103/μL to 81.0 × 103/μL) after lusutrombopag administration but not after blood transfusion before invasive procedures. However, maximum platelet counts in patients who underwent splenectomy before platelet transfusion were markedly improved over those who did not. Increasing platelet counts above 50 × 103/μL required baseline platelets > 30 × 103/μL and lusutrombopag administration for all patients. Platelet count recovery was dependent on a spleen volume of < 300 mL and baseline platelets of > 40 × 103/μL in patients who underwent platelet transfusions, while a baseline platelet count of > 30 × 103/μL was required for patients administered with lusutrombopag.

Conclusion

Neither blood transfusion nor lusutrombopag improves thrombocytopenia in patients with severe conditions; however, the degree of platelet count elevation following lusutrombopag administration is higher than that following blood transfusion.
Endoscopic closure of large colonic perforations with a novel endoscopic clip device: An animal study (with videos)
Authors: Wang Zhi‐jie , Li Shi‐yu , Zhang Yan‐hui , Chen Yan , Zhang Ping‐ping , Li Zhao‐shen , Bai Yu , Wang Dong
Published: July 2019

Background and Aim

An endoscopic clip device was newly designed to accomplish the closure of large gastrointestinal defects. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of this device in an ex vivo experimental setting.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted in porcine colons (n = 5). A large (3–4 cm) linear full‐thickness incision was created using a scalpel externally. The device was used for endoscopic closure. The procedure time, number of clips, and success rate of closure were determined.

Results

Ten defects were created in five porcine colons (two incisions in each specimen). Successful closure was achieved in all defects. The mean procedure time was 24.30 ± 4.42 min, the mean leak pressure is 28.30 ± 9.49 mmHg, and the mean number of additional conventional hemostatic clips used was 5.10 ± 0.99.

Conclusions

The results indicated that this clip achieved the convenient and reliable closure of large defects in the colon wall in an ex vivo porcine model and seems to be a promising option for closing large gastrointestinal perforations.
A 2‐Year Pragmatic Trial of Antibiotic Stewardship in 27 Community Nursing Homes
Authors: Sloane Philip D. , Zimmerman Sheryl , Ward Kimberly , Kistler Christine E. , Paone Deborah , Weber David J. , Wretman Christopher J. , Preisser John S.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES

To determine if antibiotic prescribing in community nursing homes (NHs) can be reduced by a multicomponent antibiotic stewardship intervention implemented by medical providers and nursing staff and whether implementation is more effective if performed by a NH chain or a medical provider group.

DESIGN

Two‐year quality improvement pragmatic implementation trial with two arms (NH chain and medical provider group).

SETTING

A total of 27 community NHs in North Carolina that are typical of NHs statewide, conducted before announcement of the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services antibiotic stewardship mandate.

PARTICIPANTS

Nursing staff and medical care providers in the participating NHs.

INTERVENTION

Standardized antibiotic stewardship quality improvement program, including training modules for nurses and medical providers, posters, algorithms, communication guidelines, quarterly information briefs, an annual quality improvement report, an informational brochure for residents and families, and free continuing education credit.

MEASUREMENTS

Antibiotic prescribing rates per 1000 resident days overall and by infection type; rate of urine test ordering; and incidence of Clostridium difficile and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.

RESULTS

Systemic antibiotic prescription rates decreased from baseline by 18% at 12 months (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69‐0.98) and 23% at 24 months (IRR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.65‐0.90). A 10% increase in the proportion of residents with the medical director as primary physician was associated with a 4% reduction in prescribing (IRR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.92‐0.99). Incidence of C. difficile and MRSA infections, hospitalizations, and hospital readmissions did not change significantly. No adverse events from antibiotic nonprescription were reported. Estimated 2‐year implementation costs per NH, exclusive of medical provider time, ranged from $354 to $3653.

CONCLUSIONS

Antibiotic stewardship programs can be successfully disseminated in community NHs through either NH administration or medical provider groups and can achieve significant reductions in antibiotic use for at least 2 years. Medical director involvement is an important element of program success. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:46–54, 2019
Reply to: Social Media's Role in the Dissemination of Health Information
Authors: Lindquist Lee A.
Published: July 2019

This letter comments on the letter by Dunn and Woo.
A novel human Cdh1 mutation impairs anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome activity resulting in microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and epilepsy
Authors: Rodríguez Cristina , Sánchez‐Morán Irene , Álvarez Sara , Tirado Pilar , Fernández‐Mayoralas Daniel M. , Calleja‐Pérez Beatriz , Almeida Ángeles , Fernández‐Jaén Alberto
Published: July 2019

The Fizzy‐related protein 1 (Fzr1) gene encodes Cdh1 protein, a coactivator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Previously, we found that genetic ablation of Fzr1 promotes the death of neural progenitor cells leading to neurogenesis impairment and microcephaly in mouse. To ascertain the possible translation of these findings in humans, we searched for mutations in the Fzr1 gene in 390 whole exomes sequenced in trio in individuals showing neurodevelopmental disorders compatible with a genetic origin. We found a novel missense (p.Asp187Gly) Fzr1 gene mutation (c.560A>G) in a heterozygous state in a 4‐year‐old boy, born from non‐consanguineous Spanish parents, who presents with severe antenatal microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and refractory epilepsy. Cdh1 protein levels in leucocytes isolated from the patient were significantly lower than those found in his parents. Expression of the Asp187Gly mutant form of Cdh1 in human embryonic kidney 293T cells produced less Cdh1 protein and APC/C activity, resulting in altered cell cycle distribution when compared with cells expressing wild‐type Cdh1. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the Asp187Gly mutant form of Cdh1 in cortical progenitor cells in primary culture failed to abolish the enlargement of the replicative phase caused by knockout of endogenous Cdh1. These results indicate that the loss of function of APC/C‐Cdh1 caused by Cdh1 Asp187Gly mutation is a new cause of prenatal microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and severe epilepsy.

image

Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 8.

Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14524.
Effect of surgeon's workload on rate of transection during follicular unit excision/extraction (FUE)
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Mohmand Mohammad Humayun
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To compare the transection rate at the start and at the end of the FUE procedure.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted in a private setup in patients undergoing first session of FUE surgery over 2000 grafts. Six areas of 1 cm2 were marked, two in midline and two on either side. All the procedures were undertaken by the single surgeon to avoid any bias. At the start of the surgery, the extraction of hair was performed in areas A1, A2, and A3. All the excised hair and transected hair were counted. The surgery was then completed but the remaining three areas (B1, B2, and B3) were left intact. Later, FUE was done in these areas. The excised hair and transected hair were counted. All the data were analyzed statistically by paired t test.

Results

A total of 25 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 35.2 years. The transection rate was 5.3/cm2 in mid‐zone, 4.4/cm2 on right side, and 5.7/cm2 on left side at the start and 27.7/cm2 in mid‐zone, 25.6/cm2 on right side, and 24.2/cm2 on left side at the end.

The transection rate increased from 5.03 to 6.0/cm2 for FUS <2500 but increased from 4.83 to 6.6/cm2 with FUs over 2500 and increased from 5.5 to 6.67/cm2 when FUs were over 3000.

Conclusion

The surgeon's workload increases the hair transection during FUE.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of using 0.01% versus 0.03% bimatoprost for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis: A randomized, double‐blind, split‐face, comparative study
Authors: Suchonwanit Poonkiat , Harnchoowong Sarawin , Chanasumon Nongsak , Sriphojanart Tueboon
Published: July 2019

Background

Previous studies have proven the efficacy and safety of 0.01% and 0.03% bimatoprost for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis; however, there is no comparison study between both concentrations.

Aims

To compare the efficacy and safety between 0.01% and 0.03% bimatoprost for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis.

Patients/Methods

This prospective, randomized, double‐blind, split‐face clinical study was conducted in 30 patients with eyebrow hypotrichosis. Each side of eyebrow of individual patients was randomly assigned for 0.01% and 0.03% bimatoprost, applied on each eyebrow once daily. Eyebrow density, diameter, the Global Eyebrow Assessment scale, 7‐point rating scale, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Side effects were also recorded.

Results

Both 0.01% and 0.03% bimatoprost significantly improved eyebrow density and diameter (P < .05), although there were no statistically significant differences in changes in eyebrow density and diameter from baseline between both concentrations (P = .96 and .84, respectively). Additionally, patients significantly preferred 0.03% bimatoprost in terms of clinical improvement and satisfaction (P = .04 and .003, respectively).

Conclusions

Both 0.01% and 0.03% bimatoprost are effective and safe for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis. Bimatoprost 0.03% is superior to its 0.01% counterpart, albeit without statistical significance.
A systematic review of noninvasive and invasive sialorrhoea management
Authors: Varley Li Ping , Denieffe Suzanne , O'Gorman Claire , Murphy Annette , Gooney Martina
Published: July 2019

Aims and objectives

To review published literature pertaining to the management of sialorrhoea while also highlighting the significance of the multidisciplinary approach.

Background

Sialorrhoea is a common and troublesome problem among certain neurological patients. It is distressing for patients and caregivers, and can be challenging for healthcare professionals. Various sialorrhoea management approaches have been documented. However, there is no clear consensus on best management practices. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review and synthesise various approaches so as to provide an understanding of the efficacy of management approaches.

Design

Systematic literature review using PRISMA checklist (see Appendix S1).

Method

Five databases (ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and PubMed) were searched (years 2001–2018) following inclusion criteria. Out of 1,294 identified records, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria.

Results

Various management approaches identified, ranging from noninvasive, such as speech therapy aiming to enhance swallowing behaviour, to invasive treatment including anticholinergic medication, botulinum toxin injection and surgical techniques. However, in the majority of cases, there is no scientific evidence‐based management protocol leading to favourable results, and the evidence base for intervention effectiveness remains weak.

Conclusions

The multifactor nature of sialorrhoea and its associated complications presents challenges for the medical care team. None of the management strategies stand alone as the best modality; therefore, it is proposed that management strategies follow a multidisciplinary approach to meet the diverse needs of patients.

Relevance to clinical practice

A comprehensive understanding of different sialorrhoea management approaches will enable healthcare professionals to identify the signs and symptoms regarding sialorrhoea, and to assist in effective management implementation. This will help to improve the management of sialorrhoea, hence, to improve quality of life of patients and provide formative scope to the development of an integrated care pathway.
Angioedema associated with thrombolysis for ischemic stroke: analysis of a case‐control study
Authors: Vigneron C. , Lécluse A. , Ronzière T. , Bouillet L. , Boccon‐Gibod I. , Gayet S. , Doche E. , Smadja D. , Di Legge S. , Dumont F. , Gaudron M. , Ion I. , Marcel S. , Sévin M. , Vlaicu M. B. , Launay D. , Arnaud I. , Girard‐Madoux P. , Héroum C. , Lefèvre S. , Marc G. , Obadia M. , Sablot D. , Sibon I. , Suissa L. , Gobert D. , Detante O. , Alamowitch S. , Fain O. , Javaud N.
Published: July 2019

Background

Bradykinin‐mediated angioedema (AE) is a complication associated with thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Risk factors are unknown and management is discussed.

Objectives

To clarify risk factors associated with bradykinin‐mediated AE after thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

In a case‐control study conducted at a French reference centre for bradykinin angiœdema, patients with thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke and a diagnosis of bradykinin‐mediated angiœdema, were compared to controls treated with thrombolysis treatment without angiœdema.

Results

Fifty‐three thrombolysis‐related AE were matched to 106 control subjects. The sites of attacks following thrombolysis for ischemic stroke mainly included tongue (34/53, 64%) and lips (26/53, 49%). The upper airways were involved in 37 (70%) cases. Three patients required mechanical ventilation. Patients with bradykinin‐mediated angiœdema were more frequently women [33 (62%) vs. 44 (42%); P = 0.01], had higher frequency of prior ischemic stroke [12 (23%) vs. 9 (8%); P = 0.01], hypertension [46 (87%) vs. 70 (66%); P = 0.005], were more frequently treated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor [37 (70%) vs. 28 (26%); P < 0.001] and were more frequently hospitalized in intensive care medicine [ICU; 11 (21%) vs. 5 (5%); P = 0.004]. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with thrombolysis‐related AE were female sex [odds ratio (OR), 3.04; 95% confident interval (CI), 1.32–7.01; P = 0.009] and treatment with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors [(OR), 6.08; 95% (CI), 2.17–17.07; P < 0.001].

Conclusions

This case‐control study points out angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and female sex as risk factors of bradykinin AE associated with thrombolysis for ischemic stroke.
Astragaloside IV attenuates inflammatory injury and promotes odontoblastic differentiation in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated MDPC‐23 cells and rat pulpitis
Authors: Ding Qun , Gao Jinyu , Zheng Jing , Wang An , Jing Shuanrang
Published: July 2019

Background

Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV), a natural herbal compound fromAstragalus membranaceus, has inhibitory effects on receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis, and RANKL signal helps to regulate odontoblast differentiation. However, whether and how AS‐IV affects odontoblastic differentiation remains unclear.

Methods

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated MDPC‐23 cells and rat pulpitis were treated with AS‐IV, cell viability, and LDH leakage was analyzed by CCK‐8 assay and LDH Leakage assay. The production of TNF‐α and IL‐6 was determined by ELISA and qRT‐PCR assay. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was detected using an ALP assay kit, and the expression of dentin sialophos‐phoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein‐1 (DMP1), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK) was determined by western blot.

Results

AS‐IV dose dependently increased in cell viability and decreased the overproduction of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in LPS‐stimulated MDPC‐23 cells. AS‐IV also counteracted LPS‐induced downregulation of ALP, DSPP, and DMP1 in MDPC‐23 cells. Furthermore, AS‐IV significantly decreased the expression of FGF2 and p‐ERK in LPS‐stimulated MDPC‐23 cells. More important, the addition of FGF2 partly neutralized AS‐IV‐mediated inhibition of FGF2/ERK signaling, abolished AS‐IV‐induced reduction of TNF‐α and IL‐6, and counteracted AS‐IV‐induced upregulation of DSPP and DMP‐1 in these cells. Meanwhile, AS‐IV inhibited the excessive production of TNF‐α and IL‐6, suppressed the downregulation of DSPP and DMP1, and disturbed the up‐regulation of FGF2 and p‐ERK in the pulp tissues of rat pulpitis model.

Conclusions

AS‐IV exerted anti‐inflammatory and pro‐differentiation effects in LPS‐stimulated MDPC‐23 cells and rat pulpitis via inhibiting the FGF2/ERK signaling pathway.
Influence of storage time and processing on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of olive cake
Authors: Marcos Carlos N. , de Evan Trinidad , García‐Rebollar Paloma , de Blas Carlos , Carro Maria Dolores
Published: July 2019

Olive oil extraction generates olive cake (OC) that could be used in ruminant feeding. However, the chemical composition of OC is affected by multiple factors, being therefore highly variable. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of storage time and further processing: crude, exhausted (subjected to a second oil extraction) and cyclone (obtained from a cyclone separator) on nutritive value of OC samples. Twelve samples (six crude and six exhausted) were obtained monthly from the same pond from 1 to 6 storage months, and nine samples (three crude, three exhausted and three cyclone) were obtained monthly from a different pond from 6 to 9 months storage. Chemical composition was analysed, and OC samples were fermented in vitro with sheep rumen fluid. Increasing storage time up to 6 months decreased sugars and total soluble polyphenols content but increased fibre content in OC. Dry matter effective degradability (DMED) decreased linearly (p < 0.001) by 35.9 and 45.5% as storage time augmented from 1 to 6 months for crude and exhausted OC, respectively. Crude OC had lower DMED values than exhausted OC (averaged values 0.255 and 0.294 g/g, respectively). Both potential production and rate of gas production were lower (p ≤ 0.018) in crude compared with exhausted OC, which was attributed to the high fat content of crude OC (≥86 g/kg dry matter). For samples stored longer than 6 months, cyclone had greater (p < 0.05) DMED than crude and exhausted OC (averaged values 0.207, 0.164 and 0.164 g/g, respectively). The results indicate that ruminal degradability of OC is reduced with advancing storage time, but only subtle changes were observed during the first two months. Cyclone showed greater degradability than crude and exhausted OC, but differences between crude and exhausted OC became negligible after five storage months.
On Singular Spectrum Analysis And Stepwise Time Series Reconstruction
Authors: Poskitt Donald S.
Published: July 2019

This article provides a detailed statistical analysis of a new approach to singular spectrum analysis (SSA). It examines SSA constructed using re‐scaled trajectories (RT‐SSA) and presents a theoretical analysis of RT‐SSA under very general conditions concerning the structure of the observed series. The spectral features of population ensemble models implicit in the large sample properties of RT‐SSA are investigated, motivating a new time series modelling methodology based on a stepwise application of RT‐SSA. The operation of the theoretical results is illustrated via numerical examples involving trend stationary and difference stationary processes, and a random walk with drift. An analysis of the S&P 500 index also serves as a vehicle to demonstrate the practical impact of the stepwise RT‐SSA processing methodology.
Different Perspectives on Critical Factors in Heritage Language Development and Maintenance
Authors: Flores Cristina , Gürel Ayşe , Putnam Michael T.
Published: July 2019

Heritage languages (HLs) are acquired in contexts of unbalanced input, or situations in which children receive primary exposure to the family/HL and experience an abrupt shift after the child begins formal schooling. As a consequence, HL speakers normally become more dominant in the environmental language, while the development of the HL is characterized by variable outputs. This means that HL speakers display more variation in their acquisition process and their “final state” competence compared to speakers of baseline varieties. This observation has raised thought‐provoking debates, which challenge long‐standing assumptions about language acquisition, development, and maintenance. This introduction provides an in‐depth description of the six contributions included in this volume and discusses how they challenge these assumptions. These contributions explore various attributes of HLs from diverse perspectives, using different research methods to advance our understanding of the various factors that facilitate, and in some instances, hinder the developmental trajectory of HLs.
A new ALBI‐based model to predict survival after transarterial chemoembolization for BCLC stage B hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lee I‐Cheng , Hung Ya‐Wen , Liu Chien‐An , Lee Rheun‐Chuan , Su Chien‐Wei , Huo Teh‐Ia , Li Chung‐Pin , Chao Yee , Lin Han‐Chieh , Hou Ming‐Chih , Huang Yi‐Hsiang
Published: July 2019

Background & Aims

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard treatment for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the outcome varied. This study aimed to develop a model to predict the outcome of TACE in HCC patients.

Methods

Consecutive 570 treatment‐naïve BCLC stage B HCC patients undergoing TACE as the initial treatment from 2007 to 2016 were retrospectively enrolled. Factors associated with survival were analysed. Patients undergoing TACE from 2007 to 2011 constituted the training cohort (n = 293), while patients undergoing TACE from 2012 to 2016 constituted the validation cohort (n = 277). Homogeneity and corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) were compared between each prognostic model.

Results

A total of 1796 TACE sessions were performed for the 570 patients during the median follow‐up period of 18.3 months. By multivariate analysis, beyond up‐to‐11 criteria (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.694, P < .001), alpha‐foetoprotein >200 ng/mL (HR = 1.771, P < .001) and albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) grade 2 or 3 (HR = 1.817, P < .001) were independent predictors of overall survival (OS) in the training cohort. An ALBI‐TAE model based on the three independent predictors of OS from the training cohort was developed to classify HCC patients into four subgroups. The performance of the ALBI‐TAE model was superior to other prognostic models with lowest AICc values and highest homogeneity in both the training and validation datasets as well as the overall cohort.

Conclusions

Albumin‐bilirubin grade is an important factor associated with survival in BCLC stage B HCC patients undergoing TACE. ALBI‐TAE model can be applied to select patients who can get most benefit from TACE.
Prevalence, potential risk factors, and symptomatic bother of lower urinary tract symptoms during and after pregnancy
Authors: Li Zhiyi , Xu Tao , Zhang Lei , Zhu Lan
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Nationwide prospective studies of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) during and after pregnancy have never been conducted in mainland China. A prospective longitudinal study was performed to evaluate the association of pregnancy and delivery on LUTS in a representative sample of primiparous Chinese women.

Methods

A national survey on urinary incontinence (UI) was conducted in 10,098 pregnant females during late pregnancy (37 to 42 weeks of gestation) and at 6 weeks postpartum.in seven administrative regions of China from September 2007 to May 2009. No intervention was implemented. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Female Lower Urinary tract Symptoms Module (ICIQ‐FLUTS) was administered. The participants were asked about the presence of individual LUTS and rated their symptom bother. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi‐square tests, and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Among all participants (mean ± SD maternal age 26.44 ± 3.97 years), the most commonly reported storage LUTS during pregnancy were nocturia (72.3%) and frequency (43.9%). LUTS were much less prevalent after childbirth than during pregnancy. Moderate to severe bother was more common during than after pregnancy. Compared with vaginal delivery (VD), cesarean section (CS) was a protective factor against voiding LUTS (AOR (adjusted odd ration), 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52‐0.82) and storage LUTS (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.83).

Conclusions

LUTS were much more prevalent during than after pregnancy, with nocturia and frequency being the most prevalent. Moderate or severe bother was more common during pregnancy than after pregnancy. CS was associated with a decreased prevalence both of storage and voiding LUTS after delivery.
Deep leaf‐bootstrapping generative adversarial network for structural image data augmentation
Authors: Gao Yuqing , Kong Boyuan , Mosalam Khalid M.
Published: July 2019

Employing Deep Learning (DL) technologies to solve Civil Engineering problems is an emerging topic in recent years. However, due to the lack of labeled data, it is difficult to obtain accurate results with DL. One commonly used method to tackle this issue is to use affine transformation to augment the data set, but it can only generate new images that are highly correlated with the original ones. Moreover, unlike normal natural objects, distribution of structural images is much more complex and mixed. To address these challenges, Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) can be one feasible choice. We introduce one specific generative model, namely, Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) and propose a Leaf‐Bootstrapping (LB) method to improve the performance of this DCGAN. To effectively and quantitatively evaluate the quality of the synthetic images generated by DCGAN to complement human evaluation, Self‐Inception Score (SIS) and Generalization Ability (GA) are proposed. We also propose a pipeline based on Transfer Learning (TL) using synthetic images to help enhance a weak classifier performance under the condition of low‐data regime and limited computational resources. Finally, we conduct computer experiments with the proposed methods for two scenarios (scene level identification and damage state check) and one special synthetic data aggregation case. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methods.
Sleep disturbances and related factors among nurses
Authors: Chaiard Jindarat , Deeluea Jirawan , Suksatit Benjamas , Songkham Wanpen , Inta Nonglak , Stone Teresa E.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to describe patterns and potential risk factors for sleep disturbances, including that of sleep apnea, among Thai registered nurses. A descriptive, cross‐sectional design was implemented. A sample of 233 registered nurses was recruited from 10 nursing departments from a tertiary hospital. Participants completed a one‐time, self‐report questionnaire and a 1 week‐long sleep diary. Descriptive and logistic regression statistics were used for the analysis. Approximately 76% of nurses slept less than 7 h, 12.3% had difficulty initiating sleep, and 5% had difficulty maintaining sleep. Short sleep duration was prevalent, and night shift work schedules that exceeded 10 episodes/month were perceived as contributing to difficulties with initiating sleep. After excluding males from the analysis, the risk for depression related to short sleep duration becomes statistically significant. Organizational policies for registered nurses’ shift work should include effective management of night shift assignments, as well as interventional strategies and policy directions, to promote sleep quality and mental health to ensure nurse well‐being and patient safety.
Postnatal human enteric neurospheres show a remarkable molecular complexity
Authors: Schmitteckert Stefanie , Mederer Tanja , Röth Ralph , Günther Patrick , Holland‐Cunz Stefan , Metzger Marco , Samstag Yvonne , Schröder‐Braunstein Jutta , Wabnitz Guido , Kurzhals Stefan , Scheuerer Jutta , Beretta Carlo A. , Lasitschka Felix , Rappold Gudrun A. , Romero Philipp , Niesler Beate
Published: July 2019

Background

The enteric nervous system (ENS), a complex network of neurons and glial cells, coordinates major gastrointestinal functions. Impaired development or secondary aberrations cause severe enteric neuropathies. Neural crest–derived stem cells as well as enteric neuronal progenitor cells, which form enteric neurospheres, represent a promising tool to unravel molecular pathomechanisms and to develop novel therapy options. However, so far little is known about the detailed cellular composition and the proportional distribution of enteric neurospheres. Comprehensive knowledge will not only be essential for basic research but also for prospective cell replacement therapies to restore or to improve enteric neuronal dysfunction.

Methods

Human enteric neurospheres were generated from three individuals with varying age. For detailed molecular characterization, nCounter target gene expression analyses focusing on stem, progenitor, neuronal, glial, muscular, and epithelial cell markers were performed. Corresponding archived paraffin‐embedded individuals' specimens were analyzed accordingly.

Key Results

Our data revealed a remarkable molecular complexity of enteric neurospheres and archived specimens. Amongst the expression of multipotent stem cell, progenitor cell, neuronal, glial, muscle and epithelial cell markers, moderate levels for the pluripotency marker POU5F1 were observed. Furthermore, besides the interindividual variability, we identified highly distinct intraindividual expression profiles.

Conclusions & Inferences

Our results emphasize the assessment of molecular signatures to be essential for standardized use, optimization of experimental approaches, and elimination of potential risk factors, as the formation of tumors. Our study pipeline may serve as a blueprint implemented into the characterization procedure of enteric neurospheres for various future applications.
A PAMP‐triggered MAPK cascade inhibits phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate production by PIP5K6 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Menzel Wilhelm , Stenzel Irene , Helbig Lisa‐Marie , Krishnamoorthy Praveen , Neumann Susanne , Eschen‐Lippold Lennart , Heilmann Mareike , Lee Justin , Heilmann Ingo
Published: July 2019

The phosphoinositide kinase PIP5K6 has recently been identified as a target for the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) MPK6. Phosphorylation of PIP5K6 inhibited the production of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), impacting membrane trafficking and cell expansion in pollen tubes. Here, we analyzed whether MPK6 regulated PIP5K6 in vegetative Arabidopsis cells in response to the pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flg22.

Promoter‐β‐glucuronidase analyses and quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data show PIP5K6 expressed throughout Arabidopsis tissues. Upon flg22 treatment of transgenic protoplasts, the PIP5K6 protein was phosphorylated, and this modification was reduced for a PIP5K6 variant lacking MPK6‐targeted residues, or in protoplasts from mpk6 mutants.

Upon flg22 treatment of Arabidopsis plants, phosphoinositide levels mildly decreased and a fluorescent reporter for PtdIns(4,5)P2 displayed reduced plasma membrane association, contrasting with phosphoinositide increases reported for abiotic stress responses. Flg22 treatment and chemical induction of the upstream MAPK kinase, MKK5, decreased phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase activity in mesophyll protoplasts, indicating that the flg22‐activated MAPK cascade limited PtdIns(4,5)P2 production. PIP5K6 expression or PIP5K6 protein abundance changed only marginally upon flg22 treatment, consistent with post‐translational control of PIP5K6 activity. PtdIns(4,5)P2‐dependent endocytosis of FM 4‐64, PIN2 and the NADPH‐oxidase RbohD were reduced upon flg22 treatment or MKK5 induction. Reduced RbohD‐endocytosis was correlated with enhanced ROS production.

We conclude that MPK6‐mediated phosphorylation of PIP5K6 limits the production of a functional PtdIns(4,5)P2 pool upon PAMP perception.
Impact of maternal e‐cigarette vapor exposure on renal health in the offspring
Authors: Li Gerard , Chan Yik L. , Nguyen Long T. , Mak Crystal , Zaky Amgad , Anwer Ayad G. , Shi Ying , Nguyen Tara , Pollock Carol A. , Oliver Brian G. , Saad Sonia , Chen Hui
Published: July 2019

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a significant risk factor of renal pathology in the offspring. E‐cigarettes are perceived to be a safe option and are increasingly used by pregnant women either continuously during pregnancy or as a replacement for tobacco cigarettes. This study aimed to determine the effects of replacing tobacco cigarettes with e‐cigarettes during pregnancy, and continuous e‐cigarette use during pregnancy on the offspring's kidneys. Female Balb/c mice were exposed to either air (sham) or tobacco cigarette smoke (SE) for 6 weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. A subset of the “SE group” received e‐cigarette vapor (containing nicotine) after mating until pups weaned. Additional female mice were continuously exposed to e‐vapor (either with or without nicotine) for 6 weeks prior to mating until pups weaned. Kidneys and urine from the male offspring were assessed at postnatal day 1, day 20 (weaning), and 13 weeks of age (adulthood). E‐cigarette replacement was less detrimental to renal development and albuminuria than continuous SE during pregnancy. However, continuous e‐vapor exposure during pregnancy increased markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the adult offspring, independent of nicotine. E‐cigarette use during pregnancy confers future risk to the offspring's kidneys.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide acts against neovascularization in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Fabian Eszter , Reglodi Dora , Horvath Gabriella , Opper Balazs , Toth Gabor , Fazakas Csilla , Vegh Attila G. , Wilhelm Imola , Krizbai Istvan A.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine whether pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) could influence the neovascularization processes in hyperosmotic and oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Hyperosmotic conditions and oxidative stress were induced by 200 mM sucrose and 250 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively. Morphology and elasticity of adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE‐19) cells were measured by atomic force microscopy, while the investigation of junctional molecules, such as occludin and ZO‐1, was carried out using immunofluorescence. For cell viability measurement, the MTT test was used. The effect of PACAP on the key angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenin, and endothelin‐1, was measured by an angiogenesis array and flow cytometry. Hyperosmotic stress–induced reorganization of the cytoskeleton and impairment of the junctions decreased cell viability and upregulated several angiogenic factors. In oxidative stress, we found that opening of the junctions decreased viability and upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors. PACAP was shown to be protective in both conditions. Retinal pigment epithelium cells play an important role in several diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Therefore, protecting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with PACAP could be a novel and potential treatment in these diseases.