bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanins and Human Health—A Focus on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Disease
Authors: Speer Hollie , D’Cunha Nathan M. , Alexopoulos Natalie I. , McKune Andrew J. , Naumovski Nenad
Published: April 2020

Consumption of anthocyanins (ACNs), due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, has been proposed for the prevention and treatment of several different diseases and conditions. ACNs are recognized as one of the leading nutraceuticals for prolonging health benefits through the attenuation of oxidative stress, and inflammatory or age-related diseases. Increased consumption of ACNs has the potential to attenuate the damage ensuing from oxidative stress, inflammation, enhance cardiometabolic health, and delay symptoms in predisposed neuropathology. A myriad of evidence supports ACN consumption as complementary or standalone treatment strategies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases, as well as, more recently, for the modulation of gut bacteria and bone metabolism. While these findings indicate the beneficial effects of ACN consumption, their food sources differ vastly in ACN composition and thus potentially in their physiological effects. Consumption of foods high in ACNs can be recommended for their potential beneficial health effects due to their relatively easy and accessible addition to the everyday diet.
Antiproliferative Effect of Bioaccessible Fractions of Four Brassicaceae Microgreens on Human Colon Cancer Cells Linked to Their Phytochemical Composition
Authors: Fuente Beatriz de la , López-García Gabriel , Máñez Vicent , Alegría Amparo , Barberá Reyes , Cilla Antonio
Published: April 2020

The antiproliferative effect of the bioaccessible fractions (BFs) of four hydroponic Brassicaceae microgreens (broccoli, kale, mustard and radish) was evaluated on colon cancer Caco-2 cells vs. normal colon CCD18-Co cells after 24 h treatment with BFs diluted 1:10 v/v in cell culture medium. Their bioactivity was compared with the digestion blank, while the colon cancer chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil was used as a positive control. Cell viability (mitochondrial enzyme activity assay (MTT test) and Trypan blue test) and mechanisms related to antiproliferative activity (cell cycle, apoptosis/necrosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca2+ and glutathione (GSH) intracellular content) were studied. All microgreen BFs increased ROS and decreased GSH, altering the redox status and causing mitochondrial membrane dissipation followed by a general cell cycle arrest in G2/M and apoptotic cell death via a Ca2+-independent mechanism. As a result, the antioxidant bioactive compounds present in these microgreen species reduced the proliferation of tumoral cells (10 to 12.8% -MTT or 20 to 41.9% -Trypan blue), showing lesser effects with broccoli microgreens, in line with their lower ascorbic acid content and total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the daily intake of microgreens within a balanced diet could be a preventive nutritional strategy to reduce the burden of chronic degenerative diseases such as colon cancer.
Design and Verification of an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Lin Cheng-Jian , Jeng Shiou-Yun , Lin Hsueh-Yi , Yu Cheng-Yi
Published: April 2020

In this study, we proposed an interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) based on an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for prediction and control applications. The noise-suppressing ability of the proposed IT2FNN was superior to that of the traditional type-1 fuzzy neural network. We proposed dynamic group cooperative particle swarm optimization (DGCPSO) with superior local search ability to overcome the local optimum problem of traditional PSO. The proposed model and related algorithms were verified through the accuracy of prediction and wall-following control of a mobile robot. Supervised learning was used for prediction, and reinforcement learning was used to achieve wall-following control. The experimental results demonstrated that DGCPSO exhibited superior prediction and wall-following control.
Automatic Transformation of a Video Using Multimodal Information for an Engaging Exploration Experience
Authors: Salim Fahim A. , Haider Fasih , Luz Saturnino , Conlan Owen
Published: April 2020

Exploring the content of a video is typically inefficient due to the linear streamed nature of its media and the lack of interactivity. While different approaches have been proposed for enhancing the exploration experience of video content, the general view of video content has remained basically the same, that is, a continuous stream of images. It is our contention that such a conservative view on video limits its potential value as a content source. This paper presents An Alternative Representation of Video via feature Extraction (RAAVE), a novel approach to transform videos from a linear stream of content into an adaptive interactive multimedia document and thereby enhance the exploration potential of video content by providing a more engaging user experience. We explore the idea of viewing video as a diverse multimedia content source, opening new opportunities and applications to explore and consume video content. A modular framework and algorithm for the representation engine and template collection is described. The representation engine based approach is evaluated through development of a prototype system grounded on the design of the proposed approach, allowing users to perform multiple content exploration tasks within a video. The evaluation demonstrated RAAVE’s ability to provide users with a more engaging, efficient and effective experience than a typical multimedia player while performing video exploration tasks.
Accident Reconstruction of Damaged Human Body Using MDCT and Computer Numerical Analysis
Authors: Kim Eui Soo
Published: April 2020

Techniques to analyze damage to a human body provide an important foundation to investigate the human body’s dynamics during accidents. However, the systematic investigation and analysis of accidents’ causes are limited due to a lack of suitable technology, personnel, and equipment. Recently, 3-D technologies and engineering verification through the finite element method have become widespread in forensics to investigate accidents’ causes and dynamic environments. Bone fracture analyses can provide important information on how victims may have died and injured. In this study, 3-D images obtained from multi-detector computed tomography of personal injuries and closed-circuit television, as well as image analyses based on forensic investigations, are used in a finite element program to analyze how ribs are broken during an accident and the possibility of further body damage. Technologies that deduce stress states and mechanisms are also developed in this study using FE analyses of the reconstructed model.
Novel Hybrid PETG Composites for 3D Printing
Authors: Kováčová Mária , Kozakovičová Jana , Procházka Michal , Janigová Ivica , Vysopal Marek , Černičková Ivona , Krajčovič Jozef , Špitalský Zdenko
Published: April 2020

This paper is focused on the preparation of novel hybrid polymer composite materials for 3D filaments. As the reinforcing filler, expanded graphite, carbon fibers, and combinations thereof were used in various ratios up to 10%. The mechanical and thermal properties of virgin and recycled polyethylene phthalate glycol-modified (PETG) composite materials were determined. Almost all prepared composite materials were suitable for 3D printing and they have enhanced mechanical properties compared to the neat PETG matrices. Addition of the fillers to both polymer matrices has an only slight effect on the thermal stability, but the addition of carbon fibers significantly reduced the thermal expansion coefficient. The composites from cheaper recycled PETG have comparable properties to virgin PETG composites, which is of economic and ecological importance. New and cheaper materials can help expand 3D printing to manufacturing plants and the use of 3D printers for special applications.
Manufacturing Processes of Integral Blade Rotors for Turbomachinery, Processes and New Approaches
Authors: González-Barrio Haizea , Calleja-Ochoa Amaia , Lamikiz A. , López de Lacalle L. N.
Published: April 2020

Manufacturing techniques applied to turbomachinery components represent a challenge in the aeronautical sector. These components are commonly composed of high resistant super-alloys; in order to satisfy the extreme working conditions, they have to support during their useful life. Besides, in the particular case of Integrally Bladed Rotors (IBR), they usually present complex geometries that need to be roughed and finished by milling and grinding processes, respectively. Thermoresistant superalloys present many challenges in terms of machinability what leads to find new alternatives to conventional manufacturing processes. In order to face this issue, this work presents a review of the last advances for IBR manufacturing and repairing processes.
Phytoremediation of Aluminum and Iron from Industrial Wastewater Using Ipomoea aquatica and Centella asiatica
Authors: Hanafiah Marlia Mohd , Zainuddin Muhamad F. , Mohd Nizam Nurul Umairah , Halim Azhar Abdul , Rasool Akhtar
Published: April 2020

Heavy metals accumulation from industrial wastewater even at low concentrations can cause long term cumulative health effects. To overcome this problem, phytoremediation is an alternative method to treat industrial wastewater. In this study, Ipomoea aquatica and Centella asiatica were used as phytoremediation plants for removing aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) from industrial wastewater. The results showed that the regression value (R2) for all metal concentrations (mg/L) over treatment day is positive and similar to R2 = 1. This result indicated that the metal concentration exhibits a good relationship for reflecting the decrease in the metal concentration with the proportion of treatment day. It was found that I. aquatica accumulates higher Al and Fe contents than C. asiatica. The translocation factor of both plants was found to be greater than 1, implying that both plants can accumulate and extract heavy metals from industrial wastewater.
Guided Waves for Damage Detection in Complex Composite Structures: The Influence of Omega Stringer and Different Reference Damage Size
Authors: Moll Jochen , Kexel Christian , Kathol Jens , Fritzen Claus-Peter , Moix-Bonet Maria , Willberg Christian , Rennoch Marcel , Koerdt Michael , Herrmann Axel
Published: April 2020

The third dataset dedicated to the Open Guided Waves platform aims at carbon fiber composite plates with an additional omega stringer at constant temperature conditions. The two structures used in this work are representative for real aircraft components. Comprehensive measurements were recorded in order to study (I) the impact of the omega stringer on guided wave propagation, and (II) elliptical reference damages of different sizes located at three separate positions on the structure. Measurements were recorded for narrowband excitation (5-cycle toneburst with varying carrier frequencies) and broadband excitation (using chirp waveforms). The paper presents the results of a technical validation including numerical modelling, and enables further research, for example related to probability of detection (POD) analysis.
Thermal and Energy-Efficiency Assessment of Hybrid CLT–glass Façade Elements
Authors: Rajčić Vlatka , Perković Nikola , Bedon Chiara , Barbalić Jure , Žarnić Roko
Published: April 2020

Façade elements are a building component that satisfies multiple performance parameters. Among other things, “advanced façades” take advantage of hybrid solutions, such as assembling laminated materials. In addition to the enhanced mechanical properties that are typical of optimally composed hybrid structural components, these systems are energy-efficient, durable, and offer lighting comfort and optimal thermal performance, an example of which is the structural solution developed in collaboration with the University of Zagreb and the University of Ljubljana within the Croatian Science Foundation VETROLIGNUM project. The design concept involves the mechanical interaction of timber and glass load-bearing members without sealing or bonding the glass-to-timber surfaces. Following earlier research efforts devoted to the structural analysis and optimization of thus-assembled hybrid Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)-glass façade elements, in this paper, special focus is given to a thermal and energy performance investigation under ordinary operational conditions. A simplified numerical model representative of a full-size building is first presented by taking advantage of continuous ambient records from a Live-Lab mock-up facility in Zagreb. Afterwards, a more detailed Finite Element (FE) numerical analysis is carried out at the component level to further explore the potential of CLT–glass façade elements. The collected numerical results show that CLT–glass composite panels can offer stable and promising thermal performance for façades similar to national and European standard requirements.
Prediction of Sound Radiation from Submerged Cylindrical Shell Based on Dominant Modes
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Sihui , Shang Dejiang , Han Yuyuan , Shang Yuyang
Published: April 2020

A sound radiation calculation method by using dominant modes is proposed to predict the sound radiation from a cylindrical shell. This method can provide an effective way to quickly predict the sound radiation of the structure by using as few displacement monitoring points as possible on the structure surface. In this paper, modal analyses of a submerged cylindrical shell are carried out by taking the vibration mode of a cylindrical shell in a vacuum, as a set of orthogonal bases. The modal sound radiation efficiency and modal contributions to sound radiation power are presented, and comparison results show that a few modes dominantly contribute to the sound radiation power at low frequencies. These modes, called dominantly radiated structural modes in this paper, are applied to predict the sound radiation power of submerged cylindrical shells by obtaining the modal participant coefficients and sound radiation efficiency of these dominant modes. Aside from the orthogonal decomposition method, a method of solving displacement modal superposition equations is proposed to extract the modal participant coefficients, because few modes contribute to the vibration displacement near the resonant frequencies. Some simulations of cylindrical shells with different boundaries are conducted, and the number of measuring points required are examined. Results show that this method, based on dominant modes, can well predict the low-frequency sound radiation power of submerged cylindrical shells. In addition, compared with the boundary element method, this method can better reduce the number of required measuring points significantly. The data of these important modes can be saved, which can help to predict the low-frequency sound radiation of the same structure faster in the future.
Novel Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Plant Electroluminescence Maintenance Technique by Means of Bidirectional Power Inverter Controller
Authors: Ballestín-Fuertes Javier , Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba Jesús , Sanz-Osorio José F. , Hernández-Callejo Luis , Alonso-Gómez Victor , Morales-Aragones José Ignacio , Gallardo-Saavedra Sara , Martínez-Sacristan Oscar , Moretón-Fernández Ángel
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, photovoltaic (PV) silicon plants dominate the growth in renewable energies generation. Utility-scale photovoltaic plants (USPVPs) have increased exponentially in size and power in the last decade and, therefore, it is crucial to develop optimum maintenance techniques. One of the most promising maintenance techniques is the study of electroluminescence (EL) images as a complement of infrared thermography (IRT) analysis. However, its high cost has prevented its use regularly up to date. This paper proposes a maintenance methodology to perform on-site EL inspections as efficiently as possible. First, current USPVP characteristics and the requirements to apply EL on them are studied. Next, an increase over the automation level by means of adding automatic elements in the current PV plant design is studied. The new elements and their configuration are explained, and a control strategy for applying this technique on large photovoltaic plants is developed. With the aim of getting on-site EL images on a real plant, a PV inverter has been developed to validate the proposed methodology on a small-scale solar plant. Both the electrical parameters measured during the tests and the images taken have been analysed. Finally, the implementation cost of the solution has been calculated and optimised. The results conclude the technical viability to perform on-site EL inspections on PV plants without the need to measure and analyse the panel defects out of the PV installation.
Coordinated LVRT Control for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Turbine with Energy Storage System
Authors: Kim Chunghun , Gui Yonghao , Zhao Haoran , Kim Wonhee
Published: April 2020

This study introduces a coordinated low-voltage ride through (LVRT) control method for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines (WT) interconnected with an energy storage system (ESS). In the proposed method, both the WT pitch and power converters are controlled to enhance the LVRT response. Moreover, the ESS helps in regulating the dc link voltage during a grid fault. Previous LVRT methods can be categorized into strategies with or without an additional device for the LVRT. The latter scheme is advantageous from the perspective of no additional installation cost; in this case, pitch and converter controllers are used. Meanwhile, the former method uses an additional device for LVRT operation and hence, involves additional expense. However, it can effectively enhance the LVRT response by reducing the LVRT burden on the WT. Moreover, the additional device can be used for various WT power control applications and it is common that the ESS is interconnected to the WT for multiple objectives. Previous studies focused on these two aspects separately; hence, a method of coordinated control for an ESS and a WT is needed as more ESSs are required to connect to WTs for flexible wind power operation. The proposed method introduces a control method with different LVRT modes considering the ESS state of charge (SoC). When the WT does not have a sufficient inertial response operation range, the ESS reserve energy capacity is required for LVRT operation. This coordinated LVRT method employs both the WT and ESS controls when it is hard to handle the LVRT using the WT control alone at high wind speeds. In this case, power curve analysis is used to obtain the appropriate power reference during the fault period. In addition, a power reference is also used to ensure a safe operation. Using the proposed method, an ESS can be operated in a manner that is appropriate for WT operation, especially at high wind speeds. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we considered two case studies. One study compares the LVRT response between the WT itself and the proposed method. The other research work compares the response of the conventional LVRT method that uses a WT and an ESS and with that of the proposed method. From these case studies, we concluded that the proposed method achieved a better performance while operating within the constraints of the WT rotor speed and ESS SoC limits.
A Dynamic Intelligent Policies Analysis Mechanism for Personal Data Processing in the IoT Ecosystem
Authors: Demertzis Konstantinos , Rantos Konstantinos , Drosatos George
Published: April 2020

The evolution of the Internet of Things is significantly affected by legal restrictions imposed for personal data handling, such as the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The main purpose of this regulation is to provide people in the digital age greater control over their personal data, with their freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous consent to collect and process the data concerning them. ADVOCATE is an advanced framework that fully complies with the requirements of GDPR, which, with the extensive use of blockchain and artificial intelligence technologies, aims to provide an environment that will support users in maintaining control of their personal data in the IoT ecosystem. This paper proposes and presents the Intelligent Policies Analysis Mechanism (IPAM) of the ADVOCATE framework, which, in an intelligent and fully automated manner, can identify conflicting rules or consents of the user, which may lead to the collection of personal data that can be used for profiling. In order to clearly identify and implement IPAM, the problem of recording user data from smart entertainment devices using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) was simulated. FCMs are an intelligent decision-making system that simulates the processes of a complex system, modeling the correlation base, knowing the behavioral and balance specialists of the system. Respectively, identifying conflicting rules that can lead to a profile, training is done using Extreme Learning Machines (ELMs), which are highly efficient neural systems of small and flexible architecture that can work optimally in complex environments.
TLC-Based Bioassay to Isolate Kairomones from Tea Tree Essential Oil That Attract Male Mediterranean Fruit Flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
Authors: Tabanca Nurhayat , Niogret Jerome , Kendra Paul E. , Epsky Nancy D.
Published: April 2020

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) poses a major threat to fruit and vegetable production in the United States and throughout the world. New attractants and detection methods could improve control strategies for this invasive pest. In this study, we developed a method that combined thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of tea tree essential oil (TTO) (Melaleuca alternifolia) with short-range bioassays to isolate attractive kairomones for male C. capitata. After development, the TLC chromatogram indicated that TTO separated into five major spots, designated as zones 1 to 5. When the TLC plate was exposed to flies, zones 1 and 3 were strongly attractive to male C. capitata. To confirm activity, the developed TLC plate was cut into five zones which were then tested in short-range bioassays. Again, flies were observed to aggregate around zones 1 and 3, which corresponded with Rf values of 0.93 and 0.59. In addition, zones 1 to 5 were separated using preparative-TLC, and olfactory responses to volatile emissions from the five fractions were quantified by electroantennography (EAG). Highest amplitude EAG responses were recorded with fractions 1 and 3, further supporting the bioactivity of these samples. In conclusion, a TLC-based bioassay system can provide an effective, rapid screening protocol for initial isolation of insect kairomones from complex mixtures such as essential oils or plant extracts. Further analysis of TTO fractions 1 and 3 is needed to identify the specific constituents attractive to male C. capitata.
Antibody-Free Labeling of Malaria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry
Authors: Dekel Elya , Abou Karam Paula , Ohana-Daniel Yael , Biton Mirit , Regev-Rudzki Neta , Porat Ziv
Published: April 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound structures that are believed to play a major role in intercellular communication by allowing cells to exchange proteins and genetic cargo between them. In particular, pathogens, such as the malaria parasite Plasmodium (P.) falciparum, utilize EVs to promote their growth and to alter their host’s response. Thus, better characterization of these secreted organelles will enhance our understanding of the cellular processes that govern EVs’ biology and pathological functions. Here we present a method that utilizes a high-end flow cytometer system to characterize small EVs, i.e., with a diameter less than 200 nm. Using this method, we could evaluate different parasite-derived EV populations according to their distinct cargo by using antibody-free labeling. It further allows to closely monitor a sub-population of vesicles carrying parasitic DNA cargo. This ability paves the way to conducting a more ‘educated’ analysis of the various EV cargo components.
CT Texture Analysis Challenges: Influence of Acquisition and Reconstruction Parameters: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Espinasse Mathilde , Pitre-Champagnat Stéphanie , Charmettant Benoit , Bidault Francois , Volk Andreas , Balleyguier Corinne , Lassau Nathalie , Caramella Caroline
Published: April 2020

Texture analysis in medical imaging is a promising tool that is designed to improve the characterization of abnormal images from patients, to ultimately serve as a predictive or prognostic biomarker. However, the nature of image acquisition itself implies variability in each pixel/voxel value that could jeopardize the usefulness of texture analysis in the medical field. In this review, a search was performed to identify current published data for computed tomography (CT) texture reproducibility and variability. On the basis of this analysis, the critical steps were identified with a view of using texture analysis as a reliable tool in medical imaging. The need to specify the CT scanners used and the associated parameters in published studies is highlighted. Harmonizing acquisition parameters between studies is a crucial step for future texture analysis.
A Novel Technique for Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Power Systems
Authors: Dokht Shakibjoo Ali , Moradzadeh Mohammad , Moussavi Seyed Zeinolabedin , Vandevelde Lieven
Published: April 2020

In this paper, an adaptive type-2 fuzzy controller is proposed to control the load frequency of a two-area power system based on descending gradient training and error back-propagation. The dynamics of the system are completely uncertain. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network structure is used to extract Jacobian and estimate the system model, and then, the estimated model is applied to the controller, online. A proportional–derivative (PD) controller is added to the type-2 fuzzy controller, which increases the stability and robustness of the system against disturbances. The adaptation, being real-time and independency of the system parameters are new features of the proposed controller. Carrying out simulations on New England 39-bus power system, the performance of the proposed controller is compared with the conventional PI, PID and internal model control based on PID (IMC-PID) controllers. Simulation results indicate that our proposed controller method outperforms the conventional controllers in terms of transient response and stability.
Cooling Effect on the Floating Solar PV: Performance and Economic Analysis on the Case of West Java Province in Indonesia
Authors: Sukarso Adimas Pradityo , Kim Kyung Nam
Published: April 2020

Solar photovoltaic technology is one of the most well established new and renewable energy technologies. Many researchers have undertaken wide research and development in this sector, including material and system design. To protect the exhaustion of global terrestrial land and to avoid the occupation of extensive farmlands, solar photovoltaic (PV) developers, as well as policymakers, have pursued various solutions, including the development of floating solar PV (FPV). This study consists of a technological and economic perspective to analyze the floating solar PV system. The authors utilize remote sensing results to predict FPV efficiency and measure energy yield from the system while also developing an economics analysis on an FPV project by comparison with ground-based solar PV (GPV). The results from the remote sensing method found that the lake has a cooler temperature than the ground, with an annual difference of around 8 °C. FPV efficiency was also shown to be around 0.61% higher than GPV in terms of the prediction. FPV economic parameter comparison also resulted in 3.37 cents/kWh lower levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and 6.08% higher internal rate of return (IRR) compared to GPV in the base scenario.
Evaluation of the Energy Utilization Index in Sheep Milk Cooling Systems
Authors: Cossu Marco , Ledda Luigi , Solinas Stefania , Cossu Andrea , Pazzona Antonio
Published: April 2020

The energy consumption of sheep milk cooling systems (MCSs) was quantified in this study to provide original information filling a literature gap on the impact of sheep milk cooling on the energy and economic balance in dairy farms. Performance and energy monitoring tests were conducted simultaneously on 22 MCSs in Sardinia (Italy). The results determined the cooling time as a function of the performance class and number of milkings. The Energy Utilization Index (EUI) was applied to measure the energy required to cool down the milk and estimate the incidence on its price. The average EUI was 1.76 kWh 100 L−1 for two-milkings and 2.43 kWh 100 L−1 for four-milkings MCSs, whereas the CO2 emissions ranged from 998 to 1378 g CO2 100 L−1 for two- and four-milkings MCSs, respectively. The estimated energy consumption for the storage of refrigerated sheep milk was 0.12 kWh 100 L−1. The malfunctioning MCSs averagely consumed 31% more energy than regular systems. The energy cost for cooling accounted for 0.61% on the current sheep milk price in Italy. Based on the analysis, the reported EUI values can be used as a preliminary indicator of the regular operation of MCSs.
Analysis of Variation in Distance, Number, and Distribution of Spotting in Southeast Australian Wildfires
Authors: Storey Michael A. , Price Owen F. , Bradstock Ross A. , Sharples Jason J.
Published: April 2020

Spotting during wildfires can significantly influence the way wildfires spread and reduce the chances of successful containment by fire crews. However, there is little published empirical evidence of the phenomenon. In this study, we have analysed spotting patterns observed from 251 wildfires from a database of over 8000 aerial line scan images capturing active wildfire across mainland southeast Australia between 2002 and 2018. The images were used to measure spot fire numbers, number of “long-distance” spot fires (> 500 m), and maximum spotting distance. We describe three types of spotting distance distributions, compare patterns among different regions of southeast Australia, and associate these with broad measures of rainfall, elevation, and fuel type. We found a relatively high correlation between spotting distance and numbers; however, there were also several cases of wildfires with low spot fire numbers producing very long-distance spot fires. Most long-distance spotting was associated with a “multi-modal” distribution type, where high numbers of spot fires ignite close to the source fire and isolated or small clumps of spot fires ignite at longer distances. The multi-modal distribution suggests that current models of spotting distance, which typically follow an exponential-shaped distribution, could underestimate long-distance spotting. We also found considerable regional variation in spotting phenomena that may be associated with significant variation in rainfall, topographic ruggedness, and fuel descriptors. East Victoria was the most spot-fire-prone of the regions, particularly in terms of long-distance spotting.
Gravitational Effects in the Collision of Elasto-Viscoplastic Drops on a Vertical Plane
Authors: Oishi Cassio M. , Martins Fernando P. , Thompson Roney L.
Published: April 2020

The collision of drops in a solid substrate is an interesting problem with several practical applications. When the drop is made of a complex fluid the problem presents numerical challenges due to the interaction of the mechanical properties and the free surface approach. In the present work, we solve the numerical problem of elasto-viscoplastic drops colliding in vertical plane. The free surface evolution is handled by a Marker-And-Cell method combined with a Front-Tracking interface representation. Special emphasis is given to the gravitational effects by means of exploring the Froude number. We were able to find a rich variety of outputs that can be classified as sticking, sliding, bouncing, detaching, and slithering.
The Impact of Nurse Practitioners on Hospitalizations and Discharges from Long-term Nursing Facilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mileski Michael , Pannu Upwinder , Payne Bobbi , Sterling Erica , McClay Rebecca
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to increase the understanding of the role a nurse practitioner (NP) has in reducing the risk of hospitalizations and improving quality outcomes among nursing facility residents. This was explored by the research team conducting a systematic literature review via Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Academic Search Ultimate. This is of concern because of the increased rate of hospital readmissions from skilled nursing facilities. The study found that utilization of NPs as primary care providers resulted in decreased unnecessary hospitalizations, increased access to healthcare, and improved health outcomes. NPs are fundamental in building relationships with residents and families and providing them information for decision making. The utilization of NPs in a long-term care setting should be encouraged to improve access to care, decrease hospitalizations, and enhance quality of care. States with reduced or restrictive scope of practice for NPs should revisit the regulations to provide unrestricted scope of practice for NPs.
Community-Based Healthcare for Migrants and Refugees: A Scoping Literature Review of Best Practices
Authors: Riza Elena , Kalkman Shona , Coritsidis Alexandra , Koubardas Sotirios , Vassiliu Sofia , Lazarou Despoina , Karnaki Panagiota , Zota Dina , Kantzanou Maria , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Linos Athena
Published: April 2020

Background: Strengthening community-based healthcare is a valuable strategy to reduce health inequalities and improve the integration of migrants and refugees into local communities in the European Union. However, little is known about how to effectively develop and run community-based healthcare models for migrants and refugees. Aiming at identifying the most-promising best practices, we performed a scoping review of the international academic literature into effective community-based healthcare models and interventions for migrants and refugees as part of the Mig-HealthCare project. Methods: A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases was conducted in March 2018 following the PRISMA methodology. Data extraction from eligible publications included information on general study characteristics, a brief description of the intervention/model, and reported outcomes in terms of effectiveness and challenges. Subsequently, we critically assessed the available evidence per type of healthcare service according to specific criteria to establish a shortlist of the most promising best practices. Results: In total, 118 academic publications were critically reviewed and categorized in the thematic areas of mental health (n = 53), general health services (n = 36), noncommunicable diseases (n = 13), primary healthcare (n = 9), and women’s maternal and child health (n = 7). Conclusion: A set of 15 of the most-promising best practices and tools in community-based healthcare for migrants and refugees were identified that include several intervention approaches per thematic category. The elements of good communication, the linguistic barriers and the cultural differences, played crucial roles in the effective application of the interventions. The close collaboration of the various stakeholders, the local communities, the migrant/refugee communities, and the partnerships is a key element in the successful implementation of primary healthcare provision.
High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in Healthy, Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies
Authors: Martin-Smith Rhona , Cox Ashley , Buchan Duncan S. , Baker Julien S. , Grace Fergal , Sculthorpe Nicholas
Published: April 2020

Background: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a sustainable and effective method for improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in adolescents. HIIT is proven to produce equal or greater improvements in CRF when compared to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in adolescents. Methods: The studies included were considered eligible if: (1) Participants were adolescents (11–18 years old); (2) Examined changes in CRF measured either directly or indirectly; (3) Included a non-exercising control group or MICE comparison group; (4) Participants were matched at enrolment; (5) Reported HIIT protocol information; (6) Provided HIIT intensity. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of HIIT on CRF. Meta-regression and moderator analyses were performed out to quantitatively examine moderators of protocol design on CRF improvements. Results: HIIT displays a moderate effect to improve CRF (g = 0.86, 95% CI 0.518–1.106, p < 0.001). Neither study duration (weeks), nor total or weekly accumulated HIIT volume (min) displayed any significant moderation effect on pooled improvement on CRF (p > 0.05). Conclusions: HIIT is an effective method to improve CRF in adolescents, irrespective of body composition. Notably, meta regression analysis identified that prolonged high volume HIIT programs are similarly effective to short term low volume HIIT programs. This becomes of particular interest for those involved in school curricula, where short HIIT exercise may provide a pragmatic adjunct to the health benefits of Physical Education (PE) lessons.
Health Impact Assessments in Spain: Have They Been Effective?
Authors: Morteruel Maite , Bacigalupe Amaia , Aldasoro Elena , Larrañaga Isabel , Serrano Elena
Published: April 2020

Background: Health impact assessment (HIA) has scarcely been developed in Spain, in comparison with other European countries. Moreover, little is known about the effectiveness of HIA, taking into account direct impacts—changes on the decision-making process—as well as indirect impacts or those related to the process outcomes. From this broad perspective of HIA usefulness, the purpose was to assess the effectiveness of five HIAs carried out in Spain at the local level, and the role played by context and process factors on these impacts. Methods: We carried out a qualitative study based on 14 interviews to HIAs participants from different sectors. A documentary review and nonparticipant observation techniques were implemented for an in depth understanding. Results: The direct effectiveness of the HIAs was partial, but they had indirect effectiveness in all cases. The institutional and socio-political context, however, was not favorable to effectiveness. The elements of the process were largely determined by the context, although their influence, mediated by the role of proactive individuals, favored the effectiveness of the HIAs. Conclusions: When assessing HIA effectiveness, it is important to take into account a broad perspective on the nature of impacts and those factors influencing direct and indirect effectiveness. In Spain, the institutional and sociopolitical context was less favorable to HIA effectiveness than process-related factors. In order to implement the Health in All Policies strategy, will be necessary to improve context-related factors, such as institutional facilitators for HIA and democratic quality.
Patient Opinion of Visiting Therapy Dogs in a Hospital Emergency Department
Authors: Reddekopp Joanne , Dell Colleen Anne , Rohr Betty , Fornssler Barbara , Gibson Maryellen , Carey Ben , Stempien James
Published: April 2020

To date there have been no studies examining whether patients want emergency department (ED) therapy dog programs. This patient-oriented study examined the opinions of patients about whether they would want to be visited by a therapy dog in the Royal University Hospital ED. Cross-sectional survey data were collected over a six week period from a convenience sample of 100 adult patients who had not been visited by a therapy dog in the ED. Most (80%) indicated they would want a visit by a therapy dog as an ED patient. A higher proportion of individuals who currently have a pet dog (95%) or identify as having lots of experience with dogs (71%) were more likely to indicate this want compared to those without a dog (90%) or little to no experience with dogs (62%). The majority were also of the opinion that patients may want to visit a therapy dog in the ED to reduce anxiety (92%) and frustration (87%) as well as to increase comfort (90%) and satisfaction (90%) and to a lesser extent to reduce pain (59%). There was no significant difference in findings by gender or age, other than a higher proportion of older adults and females identifying cultural background and tradition as a possible reason that patients may not want to be visited by a therapy dog. The findings of this study can help guide considerations for future ED therapy dog programs.
Perceived Competence, Achievement Goals, and Return-To-Sport Outcomes: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: D’Astous Elyse , Podlog Leslie , Burns Ryan , Newton Maria , Fawver Bradley
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential mediating effect of achievement goals on perceived competence and return-to-sport outcomes among college athletes sustaining a sport injury. Altogether, 75 male and female college athletes from the United States who returned to sport after having missed competition for an average of 3 weeks due to injury, completed valid and reliable inventories measuring perceived competence, achievement goals, and return-to-sport outcomes. Results indicated that task-approach goals significantly mediated the relationship between perceived competence and a renewed sport perspective. These data suggest the importance of promoting competence beliefs and a task-oriented focus among athletes returning to sport following athletic injury. From a practical standpoint, clinicians can foster competence perceptions by integrating progressive physical tests assessing functionality and sport-specific skills/abilities. Furthermore, these data suggest that coaches, physical therapists, and significant others may do well to use language that orients injured athletes towards attaining success as opposed to avoiding failure, to emphasize effort, task completion, and correct form, and to avoid comments that compare athletes to others or to their preinjury standards of performance. From a theoretical standpoint, our mediation findings extend previous achievement goal research into the sport injury domain, further highlighting the importance of task-approach goals.
Commuting Accidents among Non-Physician Staff of a Large University Hospital Center from 2012 to 2016: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ponsin Alexandre , Fort Emmanuel , Hours Martine , Charbotel Barbara , Denis Marie-Agnès
Published: April 2020

Road risks (commuting and on-duty accidents) have been responsible for 44% of work-related fatalities compensated by the French system of Social Security in 2012 and still represented 37% in 2018. Our objective was to assess risk factors for commuting accidents among the non-physician staff in a French university hospital. We conducted a case-control study of commuting accidents from 2012 to 2016. Cases were identified and controls were randomly selected from the hospital’s personnel file with matches by year of the accident, gender and age. Risk factors were assessed using conditional logistic regression analysis. An increased risk was observed for 2 × 8 hour shifts, crude OR = 1.40 (95% CI = 1.05–1.86) compared to daytime schedules, but not confirmed in the multiple model. Being a duty officer and not working the day before the accident were associated with increased risk of accidents with adjusted OR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.1; 3.3) and OR = 1.5, (95% CI = 1.1; 2.1), respectively. The risk increased as the distance between home and work increased, such as adjusted OR = 2.2 (95% CI = 1.4; 3.4) for a distance of >3.6 to 9 km, OR = 2.6, (95% CI = 1.7; 4.0) for a distance of >9 km to 19 km, and OR = 4.2, (95% CI = 2.8; 6.2) for >19 km vs. <3.6 km. The distance between home and work, not working the day before the accident, and certain categories of personnel were related to commuting accidents.
Correlation between Caries, Body Mass Index and Occlusion in an Italian Pediatric Patients Sample: A Transverse Observational Study
Authors: Militi Angela , Nucera Riccardo , Ciraolo Ludovica , Alibrandi Angela , Fastuca Rosamaria , Lo Giudice Roberto , Portelli Marco
Published: April 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between caries, body mass index (BMI) and occlusion in a sample of pediatric patients. Methods: The study group included 127 patients (72 female, 55 male) aged between 6 and 16 years (mean age 10.2) and selected between January and June 2019 at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Messina. Caries incidence was evaluated using the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index. On the basis of BMI values, using a table adjusted for age and gender, patients were grouped into four categories (underweight, normal weight, risk of overweight, overweight). Results: There was no significant correlation between BMI and DMFT in the whole sample. The study of the correlation between BMI and DMFT in patients with different types of malocclusion showed a significant inverse correlation for patients affected by II class and deepbite malocclusion. Conclusions: The incidence of caries does not seem to be significantly related to BMI and occlusal patterns, but it decreases with increasing age.
Promising Scaffold-Free Approaches in Translational Dentistry
Authors: Tatullo Marco , Marrelli Benedetta , Palmieri Francesca , Amantea Massimiliano , Nuzzolese Manuel , Valletta Rosa , Zavan Barbara , De Vito Danila
Published: April 2020

Regenerative medicine has recently improved the principal therapies in several medical fields. In the past ten years, the continuous search for novel approaches to treat the most common dental pathologies has developed a new branch called regenerative dentistry. The main research fields of translational dentistry involve biomimetic materials, orally derived stem cells, and tissue engineering to populate scaffolds with autologous stem cells and bioactive growth factors. The scientific literature has reported two main research trends in regenerative dentistry: scaffold-based and scaffold-free approaches. This article aims to critically review the main biological properties of scaffold-free regenerative procedures in dentistry. The most impactful pros and cons of the exosomes, the leading role of hypoxia-based mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and the strategic use of heat shock proteins in regenerative dentistry will be highlighted and discussed in terms of the use of such tools in dental regeneration and repair.