bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Experiences of Mothers with Intrauterine Fetal Death/Demise (IUFD) in Indonesia
Authors: Sinaga Alma Dormian , Purwarini Justina , Anggraeni Lina Dewi
Published: April 2020

Background: Intrauterine Fetal Death/Demise (IUFD) is a traumatic event for mothers. Mothers with IUFD have the risk of experiencing depression, anxiety, sadness, and sorrow in their lives. Research focusing on how mothers deal with such a traumatic experience is therefore necessary.Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers with Intrauterine Fetal Death/Demise (IUFD) in Indonesia.Methods: A descriptive qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was carried out to seven informants who were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's method.Result: The results showed four major themes, including the mothers’ response to a loss such as painful and traumatic experience; moral support received by mother; negative behavior from others such as stigma and lack of support; and physical and psychological changes that interfere with the role as wife and mother.Conclusion: The history of IUFD is a very traumatic experience and has a quite high emotional burden for mothers. Hence, it is necessary to integrate support and therapeutic communication into practice.
Casey-Fink Graduate Experience Survey for Nurses and Preceptors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baker Omar Ghazi , Alghamdi Musaad Salem
Published: April 2020

Background: Preceptors play an essential role in supporting new nurses during the transitional period in professional roles. Moreover, graduate nurses experience several challenges during their transitional role from students to professional nurses, despite the considerable relationship between nurses and preceptors.Purpose: The study aims to evaluate the relationship between the experiences of nurses using Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey and the number of preceptors in Saudi hospitals.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted, and Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey was used to collect data from 84 newly graduated nurses. Descriptive and regression analysis was used for data analysis.Results: Results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the responses of 5 factors of the Casey-Fink Graduate experience survey and the number of preceptors. Based on the survey, (33.8%) had to stress whereas significant causes of stress were student loans (41.9%), personal relationships (13.5%), living situation (27%), and finances (10.8%).Conclusion: No statistically significant relationship was found between variables including; support, patient safety, communication/leadership, professional satisfaction, and job satisfaction. The significance of preceptorship programs should be considered by the primary health care corporation to support and prepare preceptors of newly graduated and recruited nurses.
Measuring university students’ technostress in technology-enhanced learning: Scale development and validation
Authors: Wang Xinghua , Tan Seng Chee , Li Lu
Published: April 2020

With technology-enhanced learning playing an increasingly important role in higher education, university students are enjoying unprecedented benefits while likely experiencing technostress due to increased requirements and different academic expectations of technology-enhanced learning. This study aimed to develop a psychometric scale to measure university students’ levels of technostress in technology-enhanced learning. An initial technostress scale was developed drawing on the person-environment fit theory and prior research on technostress. In total 620 students were recruited from two public universities in China. Three rounds of study were performed to validate the initial technostress scale using factor analysis, the Rasch model, and multilevel linear regression. The finalised technostress scale with 8 items demonstrated robust psychometric properties, including high internal consistency, validity, uni-dimensionality, and measurement invariance across students of different demographics. The development of the technostress scale is an important step in identifying maladapted students and preserving their wellbeing so as to increase their constructive and active participation in technology-enhanced learning.
Към въпроса за стила „Pодно изкуство” в аспекта на българския авангард през 20-те години на ХХ век
Authors: Симеонова-Конах Галя
Published: April 2020

The article presents the selected aspects of the Bulgarian avant-garde movement called “Native Art” (Rodno izkustvo) which developed in art (painting of Ivan Milev and others) and literature (the so-called decorative prose, ars decorum) in the 1920s. An aesthetical object of the then creators was searching for spirituality of the community expressed through a synthesis of such form of cultural heritage as symbolism, secession, Old Bulgarian and Byzantine iconography, rituals and folklore embroideries, ancient mosaic. For the constitution of the style “Rodno izkustvo”, the aesthetics of Bulgarian expressionism along with its artistic forms of rhythm and motion had a special significance. The analysis focuses on the theoretical writings by the most important representatives of Bulgarian avant-garde, namely, Čavdar Mutafov, Geo Milev, Nikolai Rainov, Sirak Skitnik and others whose attitude towards the problems of the style highlighted the process of it arising from individual acts to artistic syntheses. In the article, there are also references to the works of the contemporary art historian Dimitâr Avramov. The interdisciplinary research perspective of the article allows the author to indicate the distinctive properties of the avant-garde style of the Native Art, but also to illuminate the intellectual turn in Bulgarian art at the beginning of the 20th century.
Plakat polityczny w chorwackiej ikonosferze
Authors: Darasz Zdzisław
Published: April 2020

The titular problem of Croatian political poster, regarded as an art of margins, is treated by the author, according to the order of chapters, in four main aspects: historical, aesthetic, socio-political, and cultural one. The development of poster art, correlated with national history in 19th and 20th century Croatia, is presented in the chapter “In the vapour of history”. In the next chapters some particular sections of the searching field are described. These sections are as follows: technique of montage of the pictures, modern iconoclastic practices, chaos vs. order, and the place (“From margin to centre”).
Awangarda panoramicznie
Authors: Nowicka Daria
Published: April 2020

The Seeing Avant-garde [Widzenie awangardy] volume edited by Agata Stankowska, MarcinTelicki and Agata Lewandowska is a collection of the articles about the avant-garde update.Written by many researchers, the articles show a wide scale of research on the contemporaryavant-garde manifested in literature, art, music, theatre and cybernetics. As an extremely valuablepublication, the book in question concentrates on the new and original methods of comparativeresearch, marks new reading directions, and presents contemporary problems of aesthetics.
Із метою „підшукування нових динамічних форм вислову”. „Дванадцятка” як авангардне явище в українській літературі
Authors: Горнятко-Шумилович Анна
Published: April 2020

“The Twelve” was the name of a group of Ukrainian littérateurs, active during the period of 1934 to 1939 in Lviv. The phenomenon of “Lviv’s youngest literary bohemians of the 1930s” (W. Gabor) was discovered relatively recently, which explains why despite a growing interest of researchers it remains obscure and undervalued in Ukrainian literary studies. Worthy of mention is the innovativeness of “The Twelve”, always avant-garde in their search for new forms of speech, both when it comes to urban prose (Anatol Kurdydyk, Zenon Tarnavsky, Bohdan Nyzhankivsky) and the prose about the villages (Vasil Tkachuk) as well as to the bohemianist style that the group exhibited. This paper is therefore an attempt to determine the extent of innovativeness (the avant- -garde solutions in both the functioning and literary legacy) of “The Twelve”.
The US, China and Huawei Debate on 5G Telecom Technology: Global Apprehensions and the Indian Scenario
Authors: Jaisal E.K.
Published: April 2020

Advancements in connectivity and telecommunications have redefined the ways people access information and services. The 5th Generation of telecom technology which is set to open up new avenues and opportunities have but stirred up a series of escalating tensions between two mighty powers in global politics- the US and China. While 5G offers an array of options for global trade and co-operation to flourish, it has generated counter-intuitive results, at least temporarily, with the US adopting a protectionist standpoint to contain the Chinese dominance in the telecom sector, citing security concerns. The US lobbying against Chinese vendors, particularly Huawei, has generated uncertainty among countries on the adoption and deployment of equipment provided by the firm. The paper attempts to comprehend the issues revolving around Huawei, its extent of influence, the global impact of US sanctions and to explore the ways forward for countries like India.
Stefan Marx (2019): Medienkompetenz. Vom selbstbestimmten Umgang mit den Medien
Authors: Grotte Cornelia
Published: April 2020

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Structural Variant in Mitochondrial-Associated Gene (MRPL3) Induces Adult-Onset Neurodegeneration with Memory Impairment in the Mouse
Authors: Cahill Lindsay S. , Cameron Jessie M. , Winterburn Julie , Macos Patrick , Hoggarth Johnathan , Dzamba Misko , Brudno Michael , Nutter Lauryl M. J. , Sproule Thomas J. , Burgess Robert W. , Henkelman R. Mark , Sled John G.
Published: April 2020

An impediment to the development of effective therapies for neurodegenerative disease is that available animal models do not reproduce important clinical features such as adult-onset and stereotypical patterns of progression. Usingin vivomagnetic resonance imaging and behavioral testing to study male and female decrepit mice, we found a stereotypical neuroanatomical pattern of progression of the lesion along the limbic system network and an associated memory impairment. Using structural variant analysis, we identified an intronic mutation in a mitochondrial-associated gene (Mrpl3) that is responsible for the decrepit phenotype. While the function of this gene is unknown, embryonic lethality inMrpl3knock-out mice suggests it is critical for early development. The observation that a mutation linked to energy metabolism precipitates a pattern of neurodegeneration via cell death across disparate but linked brain regions may explain how stereotyped patterns of neurodegeneration arise in humans or define a not yet identified human disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe development of novel therapies for adult-onset neurodegenerative disease has been impeded by the limitations of available animal models in reproducing many of the clinical features. Here, we present a novel spontaneous mutation in a mitochondrial-associated gene in a mouse (termed decrepit) that results in adult-onset neurodegeneration with a stereotypical neuroanatomical pattern of progression and an associated memory impairment. The decrepit mouse model may represent a heretofore undiagnosed human disease and could serve as a new animal model to study neurodegenerative disease.
Intracellular Calcium Responses Encode Action Potential Firing in Spinal Cord Lamina I Neurons
Authors: Harding Erika K. , Boivin Bruno , Salter Michael W.
Published: April 2020

Maladaptive plasticity of neurons in lamina I of the spinal cord is a lynchpin for the development of chronic pain, and is critically dependent on intracellular calcium signaling. However, the relationship between neuronal activity and intracellular calcium in these neurons is unknown. Here we combined two-photon calcium imaging with whole-cell electrophysiology to determine how action potential firing drives calcium responses within subcellular compartments of male rat spinal cord lamina I neurons. We found that single action potentials generated at the soma increase calcium concentration in the somatic cytosol and nucleus, and these calcium responses invade dendrites and dendritic spines by active backpropagation. Calcium responses in each compartment were dependent on voltage-gated calcium channels, and somatic and nuclear calcium responses were amplified by release of calcium from ryanodine-sensitive intracellular stores. Grouping single action potential-evoked calcium responses by neuron type demonstrated their presence in all defined types, as well as a high degree of similarity in calcium responses between neuron types. With bursts of action potentials, we found that calcium responses have the capacity to encode action potential frequency and number in all compartments, with action potential number being preferentially encoded. Together, these findings indicate that intracellular calcium serves as a readout of neuronal activity within lamina I neurons, providing a unifying mechanism through which activity may regulate plasticity, including that seen in chronic pain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite their critical role in both acute pain sensation and chronic pain, little is known of the fundamental physiology of spinal cord lamina I neurons. This is especially the case with respect to calcium dynamics within these neurons, which could regulate maladaptive plasticity observed in chronic pain. By combining two-photon calcium imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings from lamina I neurons, we found that action potential firing induces calcium responses within the somatic cytosol, nucleus, dendrites, and dendritic spines of lamina I neurons. Our findings demonstrate the presence of actively backpropagating action potentials, shifting our understanding of how these neurons process information, such that calcium provides a mechanism for lamina I neurons to track their own activity.
An Epilepsy-Associated SV2A Mutation Disrupts Synaptotagmin-1 Expression and Activity-Dependent Trafficking
Authors: Harper Callista B. , Small Christopher , Davenport Elizabeth C. , Low Darryl W. , Smillie Karen J. , Martínez-Mármol Ramón , Meunier Frédéric A. , Cousin Michael A.
Published: April 2020

The epilepsy-linked geneSV2A, has a number of potential roles in the synaptic vesicle (SV) life cycle. However, how loss of SV2A function translates into presynaptic dysfunction and ultimately seizure activity is still undetermined. In this study, we examined whether the first SV2A mutation identified in human disease (R383Q) could provide information regarding which SV2A-dependent events are critical in the translation to epilepsy. We utilized a molecular replacement strategy in which exogenous SV2A was expressed in mouse neuronal cultures of either sex, which had been depleted of endogenous SV2A to mimic the homozygous human condition. We found that the R383Q mutation resulted in a mislocalization of SV2A from SVs to the plasma membrane, but had no effect on its activity-dependent trafficking. This SV2A mutant displayed reduced mobility when stranded on the plasma membrane and reduced binding to its interaction partner synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1). Furthermore, the R383Q mutant failed to rescue reduced expression and dysfunctional activity-dependent trafficking of Syt1 in the absence of endogenous SV2A. This suggests that the inability to control Syt1 expression and trafficking at the presynapse may be key in the transition from loss of SV2A function to seizure activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSV2A is a synaptic vesicle (SV) protein, the absence or dysfunction of which is linked to epilepsy. However, the series of molecular events that result in this neurological disorder is still undetermined. We demonstrate here that the first human mutation in SV2A identified in an individual with epilepsy displays reduced binding to synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1), an SV protein essential for synchronous neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, this mutant cannot correct alterations in both Syt1 expression and trafficking when expressed in the absence of endogenous SV2A (to mimic the homozygous human condition). This suggests that the inability to control Syt1 expression and trafficking may be key in the transition from loss of SV2A function to seizure activity.
BRAG2a Mediates mGluR-Dependent AMPA Receptor Internalization at Excitatory Postsynapses through the Interaction with PSD-95 and Endophilin 3
Authors: Fukaya Masahiro , Sugawara Takeyuki , Hara Yoshinobu , Itakura Makoto , Watanabe Masahiko , Sakagami Hiroyuki
Published: April 2020

Brefeldin A-resistant ArfGEF 2 (BRAG2) [or Iqsec1 (IQ motif and Sec7 domain-containing protein 1)] is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), a small GTPase implicated in the membrane trafficking between the plasma membrane and endosomes. BRAG2 regulates Arf6-dependent endocytosis of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) through the direct interaction during the hippocampal long-term depression. However, the molecular mechanism by which the BRAG2–Arf6 pathway links AMPARs to the endocytic machinery remains elusive. Herein, using mouse brains of both sexes, we demonstrated that BRAG2a, an alternative isoform with a long C-terminal insert containing a proline-rich domain and type I PDZ-binding motif, was selectively localized to the excitatory postsynaptic density (PSD). Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified PSD-95 and endophilin 1/3 as BRAG2a-binding partners in the brain. The interaction with PSD-95 was required for synaptic targeting of BRAG2a. In cultured hippocampal neurons, stimulation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) increased the interaction of BRAG2a with endophilin 3 and concomitant Arf6 activation in a time-dependent manner. Knockdown of BRAG2 in cultured hippocampal neurons blocked the mGluR-dependent decrease in surface AMPAR levels, which was rescued by introducing wild-type BRAG2a, but not wild-type BRAG2b or BRAG2a mutants lacking the ability to activate Arf6 or to interact with endophilin 3 or PSD-95. Further postembedding immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed the preorganized lateral distribution of BRAG2a, Arf6, and endophilin 3 for efficient endocytosis at the postsynaptic membrane. Together, the present findings unveiled a novel molecular mechanism by which BRAG2a links AMPARs to the clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway through its interaction with PSD-95 and endophilin 3.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBRAG2/Iqsec1 is a GDP/GTP exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), a small GTPase implicated in the membrane trafficking between the plasma membrane and endosomes, and regulates Arf6-dependent endocytosis of AMPARs through direct interaction during hippocampal long-term depression, one of the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity related to learning and memory. However, the molecular mechanism by which the BRAG2–Arf6 pathway links AMPARs to the endocytic machinery remains elusive. Here, we identified isoform-specific mechanisms of BRAG2-mediated AMPAR internalization. We demonstrated that the interaction of BRAG2a isoform with PSD-95 and endophilin 3 was required for the mGluR-dependent decrease in surface AMPARs in hippocampal neurons. These results unveiled a novel molecular mechanism by which BRAG2 links AMPARs to the clathrin-mediated endocytic machinery at postsynaptic sites.
A new perspective for the use of financial derivatives to hedge foreign exchange rate: L-BFGS perspective to assess the strikes and principals of plain vanilla options
Authors: Hernández Willie , Borray Benavides Jairo
Published: April 2020

The international relationships between nations and economic agents have evolved so rapidly that the services and products are being traded almost instantly. Nevertheless, a great amount of these services and products are quoted in different currencies; thus, it is necessary the use of financial products to trade these products and services without incurring in unnecessary risks. The use of financial derivatives in the financial market has been increasing over the last decade. Moreover, foreign exchange derivatives have become an essential tool for companies to hedge their exposure in a foreign exchange currency. Nonetheless, there has not been enough research about methodologies that emphasize in the mixing of strategies. In this document, we develop a methodology to hedge effectively. Hence, we propose the Limited-memory bfgs in order to find the optimal percentage of the position of the derivative based on simulations created by a garch model. In this paper, we show an example with an exporting Colombian company based on Colombia, which has an exposure in us American Dollars. In this example, we find that the methodology proposed has a lower Value at Risk than a strategy using derivatives operating in isolation.
The History and Future of Peru’s Fast Growing Economy
Authors: Restifo Alessandra
Published: April 2020

After the United States’ withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), the world of free trade entered a free-for-all, as countries searched for a viable course of direction toward a new free trade agreement. Peru seems to be leading an organized effort for the development of free trade agreements both within Latin America and across the Pacific. This is not surprising, as an analysis of Peru’s economic history will demonstrate. Despite its social complications, free trade has usually led to prosperity for Peru. With it currently being one of Latin America’s fastest growing economies, the loss of the TPP grants Peru the opportunity to see if their endurance and success will continue as they become more internationally integrated. If Peru succeeds with its plans of expanding free trade, which is analyzed in this paper, the country may serve as a model for countries just embarking to participate in the world of free trade economic policy.
Violence Against Women in the Rwandan Genocide
Authors: D’Arville Cecilia
Published: April 2020

Throughout history, genocides have proven to be amongst the most violent atrocities committed by the human race. The Rwandan genocide was no different. In 1994, between April and July, approximately 800,000 Rwandans were killed.1Occurring only a couple decades ago, the Rwandan genocide stands out as one of the most notable examples of genocide in recent history. Despite the eyes of the world watching and involvement by the United Nations and other groups, hundreds of thousands of people were killed and sexually assaulted. During the Rwandan genocide, women were sexually assaulted on a scale previously unrecorded in any past genocide (United Nations 2014).2Women in the Rwandan genocide are unique in their roles both as victims and perpetrators. This paper will explore violence against Tutsi women during the Rwandan genocide from April through July, 1994. Specifically, I will analyze the methods of such violence, the perpetrators, and the long-term effects on the female population.
Philadelphia and the End of Slavery
Authors: Reardon Michael
Published: April 2020

The role of the city of Philadelphia in the American abolitionist movement.
The Spirit of the Samurai: The Kamakura Bafuku, the rise of the Bushido, and their role in diplomacy
Authors: Fouladi Armon
Published: April 2020

Japan is undoubtedly a central component to understanding international order in Asia. Its actions from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s defined the region, and its consequences have had repercussions that have lasted into the present day (Shambaugh, 10). But where does one go to understand Japan? A place that many people would start is with the Bushido, “the code of conduct of the samurai” (Nitobe, x). In 1905, when noted writer Dr. Inazo Nitobe wanted to explain “why such and such ideas and customs prevail in Japan” (Nitobe, xii), he used the Bushido as his explanation. Introducing the Bushido as the Japan’s “Precepts of Knighthood” (Nitobe, 4), he then proceeded to lay out the various values and tenets that consist of its make-up.
Allen, Jones and Hall: Black Social Entrepreneurship During the Early Republic
Authors: Forrest Donovan
Published: April 2020

In the years after the Revolutionary War, the cities of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Boston, Massachusetts saw a dramatic increase in the social entrepreneurship of African- Americans. The prevalent disenfranchisement of African-Americans in the era of the early Republic, the signing of the Declaration of Independence while most Blacks  were enslaved and denied their basic right to life, liberty, and their pursuit of happiness, created an American society filled with discrimination and injustice.  In the midst of  hypocrisy, Black men rose to the occasion and founded organizations that provided Blacks  with a sense of identity, comfort, and support.
The Intersections of Latino Identity: Religion, Group Consciousness, and Immigration Policy
Authors: Gonzalez Rebecca
Published: April 2020

Questions of political participation among different races are often applied to the theory of group consciousness. Despite knowledge of intersectional identities and their effects on political participation, religious identity in this discourse has gone largely unnoticed. This paper seeks to apply the theory of group consciousness to religion in hopes of understanding the salience of religious identity. Analyzing Latinos and their perspectives on immigration this paper asks the question: “do Latinos with differences in religious observation, have different perspectives on immigration?” By doing so, this study hopes to uncover the complex nature of intersectional identities and the multidimensional influences of religious group consciousness. This examination suggests that the salience of religious identity fluctuates based on indicators used when measuring religious observance through behavior, and affiliation.
“It’s a Battle for Information”: Mau Mau as the Boogeyman of Decolonization
Authors: Biggs Dylan
Published: April 2020

This paper sought to place a collection of newsreels from Pathé News about the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya into the historical narrative of the revolt. The current understanding of the Mau Mau has not included a comprehensive discussion of the coverage of the group and the way that news of the revolt shaped the history that follows it. What was observed throughout the reels was an increasingly hostile propaganda campaign against the Mau Mau. This stronger rhetoric coincided with greater atrocities committed by the British as the war dragged on. The main findings of the paper were that the Mau Mau became a kind of “boogeyman” for the British about the dangers of decolonization, as well as the way that the news about the revolt served to paint the revolt in explicitly racist terms. The Mau Mau play an important role in the history of Kenya, and collections like that of Pathé News help to illuminate the narrative that the British developed for the independence struggle.
Experimental Characterization of Low-Temperature Inorganic. Phase Change Materials by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Josh Charles  , Xingchao Wang  , Carlos E. Romero  , Sudhakar Neti
Published: April 2020

Recently, phase change materials (PCMs) have received significant attention due to their potential for high-density thermal energy storage. While high-temperature PCMs have received the most focus in the thermal energy storage community, there are potential uses for PCMs with phase transition temperatures close to typical ambient temperatures (15-35°C). For a PCM to be widely used in a large-scale thermal energy storage system, it must meet the cost, safety, and energy density criteria in addition to having an appropriate phase change temperature. Inorganic, hydrated salt PCMs are the most promising, low-temperature PCMs, which can meet all of these criteria. After completing a review of known inorganic PCMs with phase change temperatures in the desired range, six of the more promising PCMs were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine both their phase change temperatures (Tm) and latent heats of fusion (Hf). The first of these PCMs (potassium fluoride tetrahydrate) was eliminated after successful DSC testing as it became apparent that this PCM had serious health and safety concerns. Two new calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2•6H2O)-based PCMs were also tested: CaCl2•6H2O + potassium nitrate (KNO3) and CaCl2•6H2O + magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2•6H2O). For CaCl2•6H2O + KNO3, it was found that the melt temperature of the PCM could be varied by changing the percentage of KNO3. In the case of the CaCl2•6H2O + MgCl2•6H2O, phase diagram modeling and physical experiments were used to determine the correct eutectic mixture, which leads to congruent melting/freezing of this PCM. CaCl2•6H2O was also tested by DSC, with found Tm and Hf results similar to those presented in the literature. Finally, sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4•10H2O) and Na2SO4•10H2O + 25 wt% H2O were tested by DSC. For both of these PCMs, significant phase separation was observed, which must be addressed if these PCMs are to be used commercially.
P. V. Dolgorukov’s Lampoon of Odoevsky as the Potential Proto-Text of Keller’s Article in The Idiot by F. M. Dostoevsky
Authors: Sytina Yulia N.
Published: April 2020

The paper suggests that one of the sources of the article in “defense” of “Pavlishchev’s son” against Myshkin in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel The Idiot could have been the “Minister Lanskoy” lampoon by P. V. Dolgorukov. It was published in the émigré periodical Budushnost’ (Future) and contained an extensive addendum about V. F. Odoevsky. The fact that Dostoevsky had demonstrated an interest and was sympathetic to Odoevsky’s personality and views, specifically, during his work on The Idiot, substantiate this hypothesis. It is further confirmed by similar motifs and techniques in the texts of the two articles, for instance, the author’s position, hyperbole, distortion of facts, satirical attribution of common features to the lampooned persons (i.e., stupidity, worthlessness, wastefulness, depravity, impunity, proclivity for the opposite sex, passion for the European world). Similarities between the articles also include a personal, rather than an ideological, reason for lampooning and quoting I. A. Krylov, A. S. Griboyedov and others. Meanwhile, Myshkin’s and Odoevsky’s reactions to the lampoon are opposite. This allows us to discuss the substantial differences between the character and his possible prototype. P. V. Dolgorukov’s article “Minister Lanskoy” is published as an appendix to this work.
An Unknown Autograph of F. M. Dostoevsky (The Letter to Successor Tsesarevich Alexander Alexandrovich)
Authors: Maskevich Ekaterina D. , Tikhomirov Boris N.
Published: April 2020

The article examines the newly discovered autograph of the letter by F. M. Dostoevsky dated November 16, 1878 and addressed to Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich (the future Emperor Alexander III). The letter was located in the Archive of the Office of the Successor Tsesarevich of the Ministry of the Imperial Court. Dostoevsky appealed to Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich upon the recommendation of K. P. Pobedonostsev. In his letter, the writer requests permission to send to the august addressee issues of A Writer’s Diary, his personal periodical, and gives a general appraisal of the historical juncture in Russia at that time. The text of the letter was previously known through its rough draft, as well as through a document written by Anna Dostoevskaya and qualified as a “copy of the final version of the letter” by the publishers of the writer’s Complete Collected Works. However, a comparison between the presumed “copy” and the final autograph revealed certain textual discrepancies in the latter. It is more likely to be the text that the writer initially dictated to his wife, and which he subsequently amended and improved while writing the final version. The fact that the added details and corrections can be traced back to the rough draft allowed us to propose this hypothesis. In addition, the stamp of the Office of the Court of the Successor Tsesarevich on the letter addressed to Dostoevsky is published.
“...After Waiting 23 Years, It Is Unthinkable to Wait Again for 20 Years”: An Unknown Transcript on the Fate of the Dostoevsky Family’s Ryazan Estate
Authors: Sosnovskaya Oksana A. , Andrianova Irina S.
Published: April 2020

This publication introduces into scientific circulation one of the previously untranscribed shorthand documents of the wife of F. M. Dostoevsky. According to our transcript, the contents of this draft of her letter is related to the inheritance that the writer's family received after the death of a rich Moscow relative, A. F. Kumanina. Dostoevsky did not have the time to use the inherited estate in the village of Spas-Klepiki of the Ryazan province, and the writer’s widow and children became the owners of the Ryazan estate. On these three pages, A. G. Dostoevskaya encrypted a message to an unknown person about the upcoming sale of her family's share of the estate in Spas-Klepiki and a request for advice on drawing up a forestry plan. In addition to the fact that this document is written in shorthand, the work with it was complicated by several circumstances: it was randomly enclosed in a folder with letters from N. A. Disterlo to A. G. Dostoevskaya; there is no evocation of the addressee or date. After studying the letters of F. F. Dostoevsky to his mother, the authors of the article concluded that the draft letter was dated 1895. An attempt is made to attribute it: it is demonstrated that the likely addressee is A. D. Povalishin, the manager of the Ryazan branches of the Noble and Peasant Banks. The transcript helped determine that count A. A. Golenishchev-Kutuzov provided assistance in the sale of the estate. It was established that a certain Monsherov, mentioned in the verbatim draft, is not a joint heir of Dostoevsky, as he is listed in the nominal index of the Complete Academic Works of the writer, but the Ryazan surveyor I. P. Monsherov. The study analyzes unpublished letters from 1896 by this acquaintance of Dostoevsky's widow, as well as epistolary documents from the archive of Andrei and Anna Dostoevsky, which are related to the Ryazan estate. Examination reveals that one parcel of the land inherited by the writer's family was sold, and the first income from the Ryazan estate was received in 1895-1896. The fair copy of the letter written by Dostoevsky's widow has not been recovered; the task of locating it (likely in the Ryazan archives) remains relevant. The transcribed, attributed and dated draft of this letter and the surviving letters of I. P. Monsherov to A. G. Dostoevsky are the documents that establish new facts about the fate of Kumanina’s inheritance after the writer’s death.
Topical Issues in Publishing the Letters of F. M. Dostoevsky and His Correspondents
Authors: Alekseeva Lubov V.
Published: April 2020

The article provides an overview of the editorial principles in publishing F.M. Dostoevsky’s epistolary heritage. An analysis of these principles allows to discuss the evolution of goals and objectives of the researchers involved in the preparation of Dostoevsky’s and his correspondents’ letters for publication. At the same time, this review reveals the problems that the researchers have encountered and continue to face for over 130 years of studies of the writer’s epistolary heritage. The literary value of Dostoevsky’s letters was recognized immediately after his death. They aroused interest both as a biographical source and as part of the writer’s literary heritage. A significant number of letters to A. E. Vrangel, A. N. Maykov, N. N. Strakhov, I. S. Aksakov and others were published as early as in the 1880s. Particular attention was heeded to Dostoevsky’s correspondence with readers, writers, editors, and journalists. The first publications of Dostoevsky’s letters did not pursue any scientific goals and presented them as part of the writer’s creative heritage. Many problems associated with the systematization of correspondence, search for manuscript autographs, lost or undiscovered letters, principles of publication of epistolary sources have already emerged at that time. In the 1920—1930s, the researchers, still focusing on Dostoevsky’s letters, turned to his addressees’ letters, which began to be recognized as an integral part of the correspondence. The corps of letters of certain correspondents were set apart, specific epistolary cycles were formed, mutual correspondence began to be published, and a gradual mastering of its historical, cultural and commentary potential commenced. The emerging trends were subsequently developed. Principles that included the completeness of presentation of correspondence, precision of reproduction of handwritten text, and a scientific and critical approach to the study and publication of the letters came to the fore. Despite the significant successes achieved by the researchers, many problems of publishing Dostoevsky’s correspondence are still relevant, for example, structuring the letters in an integral manner. At present, the publication of the writer’s epistolary heritage and the letters of his correspondents sets the task of publishing a complete annotated code of correspondence both in print and in an electronic form. The electronic publication format has certain advantages, as it expands the number of manuscript material presentation modes and, in turn, the chance for researchers to further study Dostoevsky’s epistolary heritage and the writer’s life and work as a whole.
Nickel Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Identification, Treatment, and Prevention
Authors: Silverberg Nanette B. , Pelletier Janice L. , Jacob Sharon E. , Schneider Lynda C. ,   SECTION ON DERMATOLOGY, SECTION ON ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Cohen Bernard , Horii Kimberly A. , Kristal Leonard , Maguiness Sheilagh M. , Tollefson Megha Mathakia , Weinstein Miriam G. , Wright Teresa S. , Yan Albert C. , Matsui Elizabeth C. , Bird John A. , Davis Carla McGuire , Hernandez-Trujillo Vivian Pilar , Orange Jordan S. , Pistiner Michael , Wang Julie
Published: April 2020

Nickel is a ubiquitous metal added to jewelry and metallic substances for its hardening properties and because it is inexpensive. Estimates suggest that at least 1.1 million children in the United States are sensitized to nickel. Nickel allergic contact dermatitis (Ni-ACD) is the most common cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction worldwide. The incidence among children tested has almost quadrupled over the past 3 decades. The associated morbidities include itch, discomfort, school absence, and reduced quality of life. In adulthood, individuals with Ni-ACD may have severe disabling hand eczema. The increasing rate of Ni-ACD in children has been postulated to result from early and frequent exposure to metals with high amounts of nickel release (eg, as occurs with ear piercing or with products used daily in childhood such as toys, belt buckles, and electronics).

To reduce exposure to metal sources with high nickel release by prolonged and direct contact with human skin, Denmark and the European Union legislated a directive several decades ago with the goal of reducing high nickel release and the incidence of Ni-ACD. Since then, there has been a global reduction in incidence of Ni-ACD in population-based studies of adults and studies of children and young adults being tested for allergic contact dermatitis. These data point to nickel exposure as a trigger for elicitation of Ni-ACD and, further, provide evidence that legislation can have a favorable effect on the economic and medical health of a population.

This policy statement reviews the epidemiology, history, and appearances of Ni-ACD. Examples of sources of high nickel release are discussed to highlight how difficult it is to avoid this metal in modern daily lives. Treatments are outlined, and avoidance strategies are presented. Long-term epidemiological interventions are addressed. Advocacy for smarter nickel use is reviewed. The American Academy of Pediatrics supports US legislation that advances safety standards (as modeled by the European Union) that protect children from early and prolonged skin exposure to high–nickel-releasing items. Our final aim for this article is to aid the pediatric community in developing nickel-avoidance strategies on both individual and global levels.
Market integration among foreign exchange rate movements in central and eastern European countries
Authors: Hung Ngo Thai
Published: April 2020

This study focuses on the level of interdependence across the Central and Eastern European (CEE) foreign exchange markets (Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Romania and Croatia) from September 2008 to September 2017, using the return spillover measure proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009; 2012). We mainly find a bidirectional volatility spillover among these assets and the cross-market linkages in the CEE region have become stronger over time. Furthermore, the Czech exchange market has a significant influence on the rest of the foreign exchange markets. The total spillover remained very high over the periods 2010–2012 and 2015–2017, despite the noteworthy fluctuations in other periods. These results would also be useful for portfolio managers, policy makers and speculative traders to develop exploitable strategies, by providing knowledge of the transmission mechanisms of the volatility of foreign exchange markets. The results may support the distribution of assets in a financial portfolio, especially after financial integration.
Formuły obliczeniowe w rachunku przepływów pieniężnych sporządzanym według krajowych regulacji prawnych – propozycje zmian
Authors: Kawa Barbara
Published: April 2020

Objective: The paper questions the legitimacy of using certain signs (“+”, “–”) for the calculation formulas used to state cash flows laid down by Polish accounting law.Research Design & Methods: Deductive and inductive methods relating to the structure and content of the cash flow statement were used.Findings: The paper points out that, in the statement of cash flows where the cash flows of operating activities are presented indirectly, the position Net cash flows of operating activities should be determined by adding the following positions: Net profit (loss) and Adjustments total. The paper also indicates that in the statement of cash flows, regardless of how the cash flows from operating activities are presented, the position total Net cash flows is always equals to the sum of the following cash flows: operating, investing and financing. Likewise, the position Cash at the end of the period is always equal to the sum of the following: Cash at the beginning of the period and total Net cash flows. Finally, the paper presents an alternative way of grouping the adjustments used in the statement of cash flows, where the operating activities are presented indirectly.Implications / Recommendations: Some of the given calculation formulas included in Annex No 1 to the Polish Accounting Act need to be reconsidered and, probably, amended. The following changes are proposed:– in the statement of cash flows, where the cash flows of operating activities are presented indirectly: position A.III Net cash flows of operating activities: I + II (instead of I +/– II);– in the statement of cash flows, regardless of how cash flows from operating activities are presented: position D. Net cash flows total: A.III + B. III + C.III (instead of A.III +/– B.III +/– C.III); position G. Cash at the end of the period: F + D (instead of: F +/– D).Contribution: The paper elaborates the need to unambiguously use the “+” and “–“ signs in the statement of cash flows and consequently the need to change the calculation formulas included in the statement of cash flows defined by the Polish Accounting Act. The proposed changes, based on both theory and legal regulations, should improve the quality of financial statements.
Paths to Internationalisation of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Ukraine
Authors: Glinkowska-Krauze Beata , Chebotarov Iegor , Chebotarov Viacheslav
Published: April 2020

Objective: The defining objectives of the study are the following three. First, to classify the level of real development of internationalisation in Ukrainian SMEs. To accomplish this goal, the authors summarise the theory and methodology defining the field of internationalization. They also present their own empirical studies on Ukrainian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Second, they analyse the main forms, motivational factors and barriers to the internationalisation of Ukrainian SMEs. Finally, they discuss the development of strategies and mechanisms for activating the internationalisation of SMEs in Ukraine.Research Design & Methods: The study used qualitative research, including a survey of the literature and our own empirical research (detailed interviews with Ukrainian entrepreneurs, survey questionnaire, and experimental assessments of scientists from Ukraine and Poland on this subject).Findings: The present condition of the internationalisation of Ukrainian small and medium-sized enterprises is assessed, and its obstacles and motives have been identified. In the context of the European Union’s experience in regulating small and medium-sized businesses, the most promising strategies and sectors of the economy have been classified. It is in these sectors that Ukrainian small and medium-sized enterprises should gain the greatest competitive advantages. Lastly, mechanisms for promoting the internationalisation of Ukrainian SMEs are defined.Implications / Recommendations: In modern conditions the internationalisation of Ukrainian small and medium-sized enterprises is at an early stage. It does currently extend substantively beyond export-import operations. In Ukraine, enterprises that internationalise tend to do so upon or near their inception. The main approach to stimulating the internationalisation of Ukraine’s SME sector is to develop effective state regulatory policy adapted to the contemporary norms and standards of the European Union. The results of the study have shown that Ukrainian SMEs can gain their greatest competitive advantages in the global market in industries including agriculture (primarily, “eco” and “green”), alternative and renewable energy production and IT technologies.Contribution: Research fills a research gap in the field of internationalisation of Polish and Ukrainian small and medium-sized enterprises.
Okul Öncesi Dönem Ebeveynlerinin Ev Okuryazarlığı Yaşantılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ HİĞDE Aylin , BAŞTUĞ Muhammet , CİHAN Halime
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı okul öncesi dönemde çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin ev okuryazarlığı yaşantılarının incelenmesidir. Araştırma durum çalışmasıdır. Araştırmaya alt, orta ve üst sosyoekonomik düzeyden 23 ebeveyn katılmıştır. Sosyoekonomik düzey belirlenirken ailenin ortalama aylık geliri, anne ve babanın eğitim düzeyleri ve meslek grupları dikkate alınmıştır. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları ile toplanmıştır. Tümevarımsal analiz kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucu elde edilen bulgulara göre, alt sosyoekonomik düzeyde yer alan ebeveynlerin, çocuk okul öncesi eğitime başlayana kadar okuryazarlık ile ilgili bilinçli ev etkinliklerine yer vermedikleri söylenebilir. Çocuk okula başladığında ise bu etkinlikler sadece ödevler ile sınırlı kalmıştır. Orta ve üst sosyoekonomik düzeyde ise ev okuryazarlığı aktivitelerinin arttığı, erken yaştan itibaren çocuğa etkileşimli olarak kitaplar okunduğu, evde kitaplık bulunması durumunun arttığı görülmüştür. Sosyoekonomik düzey arttıkça ev okuryazarlığı aktiviteleri aracılığıyla, okul ve ev arasında işbirliğine dayalı bir yaklaşımın benimsendiği söylenebilir.