bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Control of Genetic Algorithm-Based Multi-Station LED Chip Waxing Machine
Authors: Sun Xiang Yu , Zhang Ying Chun , Wang Zuo Xun , Hao Tao
Published: September 2013

Based on the existing LED (light emitting diode) chip waxing machine running in single-station serial mode, a multi-station LED chip waxing machine was designed which made creative improvements on the revolving platform of the waxing machine. Working efficiency was greatly increased with multi-station continuous parallel working mode. The control system used genetic algorithm-based PID (proportion integration differentiation) control to precisely control the revolving platform and all the manipulators, so that the waxing machine would carry out the fully automated assembly line work.
Application of QR Code Rebuild Library Integration Community
Authors: Zhu Ning Xian
Published: September 2013

With the development of cloud computing and IOT, IT has a significant impact on traditional library services. QR code is a key to access internet in future[1], it integrates print and digital resources together, puts up a shared bridges for them. The combination of O2O and QR code has a significant impact on the library service. This paper discusses how to a quick run-through and seamless integration of resources, explores QR code and O2O to improve service efficiency in library integration community. Finally, the paper discusses their shortage and gives some suggestions on the solution of these problems.
A Study on the Design of Context-Awareness Middleware for Enclosed Growth Management System
Authors: Park Yong Joon , Park Jae Chul
Published: September 2013

The context-awareness middleware proposed by this study is oriented to find the optimal plant growth environment model under artificial cultivation conditions. The proposed context-awareness middleware adopts Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology into the enclosed growth management system. It collects sensing values such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and airflow analyzes and controls the association among environment factors.
Kernel Based Estimation for a Non-Homogeneous Poisson Processes
Authors: Jin Tian
Published: September 2013

The non-homogeneous Poisson model has been applied to various situations, including air pollution data. In this paper, we propose a kernel based nonparametric estimation for fitting the non-homogeneous Poisson process data. We show that our proposed estimator is-consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. We also study the finite-sample properties with a simulation study.
Analysis of Influence Factors and Degree for Bio-Methane Generation
Authors: Xia Da Ping , Liu Xiao Lei
Published: September 2013

Henan Yima low rank coal is used to simulate the formation condition of coal biogenic methane in this paper. This experimental study is the impact of temperature, salinity, pH, Eh, trace elements, coal quality and coal rank on bio-methane concentration. Then this paper use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to study the impact of the size of different factors on biological methane concentration on quantitative, which shows pH is the most important influence factors and the influence degree of different factors is pH, trace elements, coal quality, coal rank, salinity, temperature and Eh.
Production and Characterization of Rice Husk Chars Obtained under Different Conditions
Authors: Li Wen Yan , Zhao Lei Qiang , Liao Hang Tao , Lu Qiang
Published: September 2013

Rice husk was subjected to slow and fast pyrolysis under different reaction conditions, to investigate the effects of several pyrolysis factors on the physicochemical properties of the rice husk chars, including the pyrolysis heating rate, cooling rate and resident time. The results indicated that the char yield did not show great changes during the slow pyrolysis process, while it was gradually decreased along with the resident time during the fast pyrolysis process. With the elevating of the pyrolysis conditions, the carbon content of the chars was increased monotonically, while the oxygen content was decreased. Moreover, the rice husk and its chars greatly differed in their functional groups, resulting from various decompositon, decarbonylation and aromatization reactions during the pyrolysis process.
Activated Carbon Supported Iron Catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Ban Hong Yan , Wang Zi Wei , Wang Zhi Qiang , Fang Zhi Gang
Published: September 2013

The catalyst prepared using the AC as support showed remarkably improvement of reaction performance. The improvement of the reaction performance obtained for the AC is probably ascribed to the physical structure and surface chemistry of AC. The support and corresponding catalyst are characterized by N2 adsorption. Catalytic performance of the catalyst during FT synthesis was excellent. Syngas conversion was about 74%, whereas methane selectivity was low (~2 %).
Biodiesel Preparation from Styrax Confusus Hemsl. Oil Catalyzed by Magnetic Catalyst S2O82--ZrO2/Fe3O4
Authors: Liu Zhen Xing , Nie Xiao An , Wang Yi Gang
Published: September 2013

Styrax confusus Hemsl., a promising energy plant, was used as raw material for biodiesel preparation in this paper. The transesterification was catalyzed by magnetic catalyst S2O82--ZrO2/Fe3O4, prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. TEM images indicat that the average particle diameter of magnetic core Fe3O4 and catalyst carrier ZrO2/Fe3O4 are 5-20 nm and 30-50 nm respectively. Because of its unique porous structure the BET surface area could up to 140.75 m2/g. The results show that a best catalytic activity is obtained when the solid catalyst impregnated in 2.5 mol·L-1 (NH4)2S2O8, calcined at 400 °C for 3 h, and a high methyl ester yield could be obtained under the optimal reaction conditions of catalyst amount 4.5 % (wt/wt oil), molar ratio of methanol/oil 6:1, reaction temperature 65 °C and time 2.0 h.
The Biomass Energy Transformation and Energy Gain of Wheat
Authors: Li Sheng , Zhong Hua , Liu Cheng Shui , Xu Tao Tao , Lu Ming
Published: September 2013

The biomass replaces the petroleum as energy is involved in energy transformations. There are two grade transformations from the wheat which are the fuel ethanol and the marsh gas ferment. The study on their transformation mechanisms and how to improve their energy efficiency will be benefit for both the academic and practical significance. Studies have shown that at least 67.05% wheat energy changes into fuel ethanol and at least 15.46% the rest of accessory substance alcohol lees energy changes into marsh gas. The total energy transformation amount is not less than 82.51%.The ratio of the wheat fuel ethanol input to output is 1.04, and NEV is 1167 MJ. The result shows the values of energy gain are positive.
Research on Ethanol Production by Biological Fermentation of Potato Pulp
Authors: Xu Zhong
Published: September 2013

Bioconversion of potato pulp to fuel ethanol, analysing the potato pulp chemical composition and determining the potato pulp in the role of microorganism produce ethanol under the best conditions is the major research. An analysis of the chemical composition of potato pulp showed that : the basic ingredients are Protein (9.72%), Starch (25.52%), Cellulose (17.90%). The effects of ethanol production rate of solid-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, inoculumconcertration, fermentation time. The results showed that: the best conditions producting ethanol from potato pulp obtained by single factor experiments are: solid-liquid ratio: 1:15, fermentation temperature: 35°C, inoculumconcertration: 3mL, fermentation time: 20h. Under this occasion, the ethanol production rate was 0.183mL·g-1.
The Transformation of 35t/h CFB Boiler
Authors: Zou Jia Zhu , Yuan Feng Wei , Hu Liang Bin
Published: September 2013

China is a big agricultural country, which had many kinds of biomass resources. Biomass energy belongs to clean energy, it was available to achieve zero co2 emissions and substitute fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas to be an important energy. Through the transformation of 35t/h coal-fired CFB boiler, which based on material and circulated carrier, burning biological energy, changed boiler from consuming one-time energy to the regenerative energy, which saved coal and prevented waste from directly emitting into the atmosphere to pollute the environment. It would save energy and increase the local farmers additional income by sell stem, which followed the trend of the national development strategy. The test data show that: this transformation of boiler is very successful, indicate that we can transform some original polluted boiler which consume coal to some degree and provide some experimental methods for these transformations.
An Experimental Study on Aerodynamic Performance of Spiral Savonius Wind Rotor
Authors: Zhu Jian Yong , Wu Xue
Published: September 2013

The performance experiments have been carried out by using the spiral Savonius wind rotor of which rotor has 2 blades, rotor diameter is D=420mm, rotor height is H=680mm and gap distance e =100mm. The static torque values at low wind speed and the power of the rotor have been measured. Experimental results show that the static toque values at different azimuths are almost constant and the maximum power coefficient can reach 0.113 at the tip speed ratio of λ= 0.49.
Research on Wind Power Prediction Based on Distributed Wind Farms Siting
Authors: Yang Jun , Zeng Zhao Qiang , Huang Xu , Sun Qiu Ye
Published: September 2013

This paper proposes a new method to predict the wind power of the distributed wind farms, considering the models such as the roughness model, the orography model. In order to predict the wind power accurately, this method calculates the loss of the wind speed directly, caused by the roughness model and the orography model. At the same time, this paper proposed the structure of the wind power prediction system, which provides the reference for the prediction of the wind power of distributed wind farms.
The Optimal Bidding Strategy Based on Multistage Risk for Wind Power Supplier
Authors: Ye Tao , Lei Xie , Yang Yi
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the ability of grid-connected wind power supplier to predict and manage risk, and analyze the economic benefit of wind power supplier, a model of bidding strategy for grid-connected wind power supplier is established based on the risk measurements indicator of the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR). The model considering the trade-off problem between risks and benefits comprehensively which includes three risk factors as: fluctuated market price, uncertain load demand and random wind power output. By using the kernel density estimation method (KDE) on output forecast, this optimal model obtains bidding strategy and economic benefit of grid-connected wind power supplier under the impact of multistage risk in different risk preferences and compares the results with the impact of individual risk fluctuation.The calculation results show the validity of the proposed method.
Substrate with Si Nanoparticles Prepared by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition for Application in Si Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Xian Gao , Miao Xi Gen , Zhao Zhi Ya , Liu Ruo Peng , Li Ming Yu
Published: September 2013

Nanostructure strategies are frequently used to enhance the light absorption in solar cells. For improving the efficiency of absorption in solar cells, an industrial-feasible processing technique, i.e. low-pressure chemical vapor deposition was used to form a substrate with large-area silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs). It was shown that the density and size of Si-NPs can be modulated by controlling the flow of pure SiH4, the deposition temperature and the deposition time. The substrate with large-area Si-NPs can be applied in photovoltaic devices since they can increase the effective absorption path of the incident sunlight.
Behavior Analysis of the DFIG Wind Turbine in Voltage Double-Dip
Authors: Sun Yong , Chen Chen , Wang Rui Ming , Li Shao Lin , Zhang Jin Ping
Published: September 2013

At present, the research on wind turbine low voltage ride through (LVRT) behavior is one of hotspots in wind power industry. With increasing share of wind power in the grid, it is important to enhance the LVRT performance of wind turbines to guarantee the safety and reliability of the grid. The phenomenon of voltage double-dip is one of cases during the voltage dips. In this paper, the voltage double-dip phenomenon is described, and the stator flux attenuation of DFIG wind turbine in the voltage dip is analyzed. The results show that when the second voltage dip occurs, the initial value of the stator flux should be considered. Finally, by on-site testing results, the impact of voltage double-dip to the wind turbine is verified, if the initial value of the stator flux is not considered, and the interval of two voltage dips is different.
Research on Rotor over-Current of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator under Power Grid Fault
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Hao Zheng Hang
Published: September 2013

This paper showed that the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) was sensitive to the faults of power grid. Through theoretic analysis for active power characteristic of DFIG, it was recognized that the conventional PI-based vector control strategy was likely to cause the excitation system overregulated due to lack of additional protection technique. On this condition, a DFIG risks damaged to its power converter due to overcurrent or overvoltage. At the basis of prior art, this paper developed a novel control scheme, which focused on solving overregulated problems caused by faults of power grid. The proposed control strategy was tested on an illustration DFIG-based power system modeled by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme can effectively resist overcurrent under the conditions of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical grid faults.
Modeling of Variable-Speed Wind Generator and Study of Voltage Stability of Power Grid with High Wind Power Penetration
Authors: Xu Zhen Yu , He Qian , Su Jing Qi , Qiao Zhen , Zhang Xu
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the variable speed wind turbine model based on doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and a practical power grid model to be studied are implemented in DIgSILENT / PowerFactory. The transient voltage stability and the static voltage stability of the power grid with high wind power penetration will be studied.
Electromagnetic Design of Concentrated Winding in a Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Wind Generator with Evaporative-Cooling and Inner-Cooling System
Authors: Guo Hui , Cheng Yun Kai
Published: September 2013

This paper describes the fundamental principle of the direct-drive permanent magnet wind generator with evaporative-cooling and inner-cooling system and raises a method to apply concentrated winding to the electromagnetic design of this motor in order to simplify its processing technic. It also includes simulation and comparison of electromotive force of fundamental wave produced by concentrated winding under different slot-opening factors. A reasonable slot-opening factor was selected in the electromagnetic design of a 2 MW direct-drive permanent magnet wind generator with evaporative-cooling and inner-cooling system and the validity of the design has been proved by simulation.
The Models of Heat Transfer on Choosing Optimal Pans
Authors: Zhang Kang
Published: September 2013

Considering the influence of different-shaped pans on space utilization and heat distribution, two models are established to investigate a balanced solution. In order to handle the problem of heat distribution on the outer edge, the first model establishes differential equations of heat convection in unstable state and gets definite conditions. Then we discretize the area of pans and get numerical solution by finite difference method. Having analyzed the numerical solution, our model finally concludes that the temperature field of a regular polygon can be regarded as a series of circles centering at its circumcenter and the temperature increases with the increment of the radius. As for the second model, we first calculate the maximum value of pans N in the oven by the arrangements of aligned and staggered modes. Then we normalize N by min-max method. Next, based on the rule of temperature field in the first model, the uniformity of heat distribution can be measured by the area ratio of a regular polygon to its circumcircle. After that, we use the linear weighted method to transfer the problem of multi-objective optimization into a single-objective one and draw the conclusions below: In aligned arrangement, we select round pans when p<0.3, rectangular pans when and pans in regular octagons when . In staggered arrangement, we select round pans when the value of p is small and pans in regular hexagons when the value of p is large. Eventually, through sensitivity analysis , our model proves to be stable and applicable.
The Failure Analysis and Countermeasures of Starter Battery
Authors: Zhang Su Ning , Xie Pu , Yang Run Sheng , Shao Tian Zhang
Published: September 2013

The main failure modes of starter battery are discussed, the causes resulting in the premature failure of starter VRLA(valve-regulated lead-acid) battery are analyzed and corresponding countermeasures against failure of starter battery are presented. It proves to be of practical help.
Overview of Energy Storage Technology in Smart Grid
Authors: Chen Xiao Hui , Hu San Gao , Wang He , Miao Chang Hai
Published: September 2013

Energy storage technology is a vital part of smart grid, and it can be utilized for grid-connection of renewable energy generation. In this paper, several kinds of energy storage technologies are introduced. Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of each technology is made, and the trend and development potentiality in China have been elaborated.
Simulation Study on Heat Transferring Performance of Vertical T-Tube Ground Heat Exchangers
Authors: Shang Shao Wen , Li Pei Pei , Fang Dong Wen
Published: September 2013

In the Ground Source Heat Pump system, the vertical U-tube is the most common ground heat exchanger. The heat transfer between the U-tube and the soil is affected by many factors. For analyzing the influence of these factors on heat transfer of the U-tube, I use GAMBIT software to establish a physical model who is used to simulated the heat exchanging of single U-tube heat exchanger and the surrounding soil physical. and mesh it. On the base, we take advantage of FLUENT software to make numerical simulation. After finishing analysis, we got some conclusions as follows: Under different tube wells depths and different inlet water temperature conditions, with the pipe inlet velocity increases, the heat exchanger performance improves, but the temperature difference between the import and the export will decreases. In addition to improve the inlet temperature of the U-tube, we can significantly increase the transferring heat of the ground heat exchanger.
Analysis the Influence of the Thermal Diffusivity of the Soil around Buried Pipe on Soil Physical Property
Authors: Xu Ying , Liu Xiao Yan
Published: September 2013

In chilliness area, the temperature drop of oil in buried pipeline is affected by soil temperature field, and the thermal diffusivity is one of the main of physical property the soil, which affects the temperature drop of oil directly. This paper introduced the test principle of the thermal diffusivity of soil, and researched the influence of thermal diffusivity of soil on the soil physical property, such as soil natural temperature field, soil frozen days, depth of freezing and temperature delay, which can offer theory support for the calculation of hot oil temperature drop in buried pipeline.
Calculation of Coach Body Heat Transfer Coefficient for the High-Speed Railway Train in China
Authors: Shi Shang , Gao Hong Xia , Li Ming , Liu Bin
Published: September 2013

The coach body of the high-speed railway train is required to have a good thermal insulation performance. It can keep a comfort passenger environment and decrease demand for the cooling load of air-conditioning system. The determination of coach body heat transfer coefficient (K-value) is critical for the efficient design of vehicle air-conditioning system. A heat transfer coefficient calculation model is especially proposed for the typical aluminum section thermal insulating wall structure of high-speed trains coach body in china, on the basis of the fin heat transfer mechanism. For the train type of CRH3G, the calculating coach body heat transfer coefficient is in good agreement with the experimental value. So the proposed calculation method can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the K-value for the high-speed railway trains which have the typical aluminum section insulation wall structures, and provide a trustable basis for the coach body structure optimization design.
VOCs Recovery Energy-Saving Efficiency Decision and Case Study
Authors: Wang Xuan Ya , Wang Yao Bing
Published: September 2013

Promote VOCs (volatile organic chemicals) and re-use recovered oil as secondary energy can reduce environmental pollution meantime bring lots of energy-saving and socioeconomic benefits. Related data shows that install VOCs recovery unit (VRU) can produce large quantity of energy-saving efficiency. However, China currently has no related energy-saving efficiency evaluation methods, which makes barriers for promoting VOCs technology. This paper lists the key elements that response for VRU energy-saving efficiency, provide computational formulas which focus on VRU recovery benefits, take a case study for example and calculation the energy-saving benefit that VRU can bring. From the data comparison analyzes the relationship between VRU recovery rate, emission limits and energy consumption. At very end of this paper, some suggestion for better setting emission standard also is given.
Energy Saving and Economic Growth: Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data
Authors: Hao Dong Heng , Li Guo Zhu , Wang Dian Ru
Published: September 2013

we analyzed the relationship between energy conservation and economic using panel data. the reduction of energy consumption per unit of GDP and energy consumption per unit of industrial value-added will promote economic growth, however, lower electricity consumption per unit of GDP may inhibit economic growth. Finally, this article puts forward corresponding suggestions, including improving the relevant laws and regulations, speeding up the energy saving information disclosure, improving public participation mechanisms, speeding up the adjustment of industrial structure and technological innovations, and promoting the reform of energy prices.
Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Technology - Midrex and Energiron
Authors: Jiang Xin , Wang Lin , Shen Feng Man
Published: September 2013

Coke constitutes the major portion of ironmaking cost and its production causes the severe environmental concerns. So lower energy consumption, lower CO2 emission and waste recycling are driving the iron and steel industry to develop alternative, or coke-free, ironmaking process. Midrex and HYL Energiron are the leading technologies in shaft furnace direct reduction, and they account for about 76% of worldwide production. They are the most competitive ways to obtain high quality direct reduced iron (DRI) for steelmaking. Therefore, in the present paper, some detailed information about these two processes are given. Much attention has been paid on process scheme, the feedstock, DRI product, heat recovery, reforming gas, hot discharge and transportation, and by-product emission. Its very important for direct reduction development in both natural gas-rich counties and natural gas-poor counties.
A Method of Detecting Measurement Uncertainty of Voltage Unbalance
Authors: Zhu Yan , Huang Xue Liang , Fang Xin
Published: September 2013

Power quality monitoring products are very popular to monitor and control the power quality in recent years. The uncertainty of voltage unbalance is an important parameter designed in these monitoring products. Some standards specify several sinusoidal waveforms to detect the uncertainty of voltage unbalance. But these waveforms seem not enough and some manufactures do not follow the standards to design the detection process. So this paper proposes a method of detecting the supply voltage unbalance accuracy and gives some detection waveforms for uncertainty of voltage unbalance. The simulation results show good agreement with the IEC standards.
A Novel Method of Detecting Measurement Uncertainty of Voltage Deviation
Authors: Fang Xin , Huang Xue Liang , Zhu Yan
Published: September 2013

Nowadays, there are various devices to detect the power quality of AC grid, where uncertainty of voltage deviation is an important parameter to investigate the power quality. National standards specify several sinusoidal waveforms to detect it, usually implemented into the detecting devices. But these waveforms are not enough and a novel method of detecting measurement uncertainty of voltage deviation is proposed in this paper. A series of detection waveforms are designed using this method. The simulation results verify that the method is available to measure uncertainty of voltage deviation more accurately. Moreover, it can be used to justify whether the basic measurement time interval of voltage deviation meets IEC standard requirements.
Embedded Hardware and Software Co-Design in SOPC-Based Hydropower On-Line Monitoring System
Authors: Deng Hui , Yu Hai , Wang Wei , Hou Gong , Shen Wen
Published: September 2013

SoPC technology provides a more convenient, flexible and reliable hardware and software co-design for embedded system design. In this paper we use this method in respect of software and hardware to design a new high performance hydropower on-line monitoring system. The device has been successfully integrated in the hydropower on-line monitoring system. The practical application confirms it has high performance, good stability, scalability, and the design method for power occasions other similar applications are also of great referential significance.
A Loss Allocation Model Based on the Superposition Theorem
Authors: Zhou Xi Chao , Liang Cai , Liu Wen Ying , Zhang Jian Hua
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a new procedure for allocating transmission losses to generators and loads. Based on the superposition theorem, the paper proposes that electrical power flow in transmission line can be separated into a series of power component induced by each individual power supplies, and transmission line power losses can be separated into a series of power loss component induced by each individual power supplies. Thus, each power supplys contribution to the branch power loss is resolved. Based on the theory founded above, corresponding loss allocation model is established. Results illustrate the validity and rationality of the new allocation process with expected results.
Aging Characteristic Parameters Analysis and Experimental Study of MOA Varistor
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Yi Bo , Han Shai Gen , Ning Zi Sen
Published: September 2013

This paper does aging test about zinc oxide varistor and collects the waveform data from the arrester before and after aging, then uses numerical calculation and FFT to analyze the waveform data. Through comparing the changes of characteristic parameters before and after aging such as power loss of varistor, leakage current and every harmonic current, this paper can get the relationship between varistor aging and leakage current, especially the changes of resistive fundamental and harmonic current after aging. Based on analysis and study of aging characteristic parameters of the arresters, it can provide the basis of the judgment for putting forward a new online monitoring method and contributes to the application and development of MOA monitoring technology.
Study on the Methodology of Detection for Transformer Winding Insulation Defects Based on Impulse Test
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Wang Dai Juan , Chen Hua Gui , Zhang Zong Cheng
Published: September 2013

A methodology of diagnosing the winding insulation defect according to data of transient voltage and current from the impulse voltage test is put forward in this paper. Lightning impulse test for transformer is divided into half-wave and full-wave at the moment. According to the full voltage and reduced voltage at two pressure processes. The transient voltage and current from the impulse voltage test can be divided into Series of harmonics. The insulation defect is diagnosed by dividing impulse voltage and current into series of harmonic and structuring discriminant function according to the longitudinal ratio method and cross ratio method for the corresponding period of harmonic voltage and current. The methodology is also applicable to diagnose whether there are insulation damage in the windings those have passed the lightning impulse test.
New Methodology of On-Line Monitoring for Transmission Line Galloping
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Zhou Enze , Chen Guang , Zhao Xin
Published: September 2013

When the overhead transmission line is galloping, a variety of natural disasters occur on the role of the natural conditions, the vibration of conductor is one of the more serious harm to the power system. Over the past decade, as the construction of EHV and UHV, wire cross-section, tension, suspension height and span of overhead transmission lines are increasing, and hence the number of conductor vibration is significantly increased. Vibration in a large scale will led to frequent tripping or even broken line or tower collapses, which cause large area power failures and impact security and stability operation. Online monitoring method for overhead transmission line dancing is mostly needed to add additional equipment, however, once situated on the route environment overlying ice or high winds and other inclement weather, online monitoring is difficult to achieve. This paper presents a method, which is made correlation analysis based on the voltage and current acquired from both ends of the transmission lines, online monitoring of line galloping can be achieved.
Fault Diagnosis for Building Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Based on Analysis of Energy Loss
Authors: Xu Peng , Hou Jin Ming , Yuan Deng Kuo
Published: September 2013

The photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most promising options to meet the rapidly increasing energy demand for renewable energy resources development. A simple and well fault diagnosis system can guarantee the normal operation of photovoltaic systems. This paper proposes a simple diagnostic method to tell the operating status of the PV systems by contrasting the simulation parameters and the measured parameters. The diagnostic algorithm uses the irradiance level, the PV modules temperature, the number of PV modules and its output power as the inputs. So, just temperature and irradiance sensors, as well as several power meters are needed in the monitoring system forming part of the fault diagnostic system. The proposed fault detection method has been successfully validated in simulation and experiment.
Defects Analysis and Reconstruction for 10kV Circuit Breaker
Authors: Pan Ling Ling , Peng Yan Jun , Peng Yan Ning
Published: September 2013

The defect types of 10kV VS1 circuit breaker were surveyed in order to reduce the defective ratio. Then, the main reason of these defects was found that the opening time of circuit breaker was too long. The reasons that cause circuit breaker opening time exceed were studied, and the effective reconstruction measures were developed though test verification and analysis. To compare with the statistics before reconstruction, the result shows that the reconstruction methods using in this paper were simple and easy to perform, which can reduce the opening time of circuit breaker, improve the reliability of the devices, and play a positive role in the security and stabilization of power system. It provides a basis for improving the efficiency of characteristics test at other voltage levels.
The Experience of Aquatic Ecosystems Protection in Wuhan
Authors: Yang Bai , Yu Ya Guai
Published: September 2013

Relying on its abundant water resources and strong technical supports, Wuhan has overcome the deterioration of water environment, ecosystem degradation, and the lag in environmental protection facilities construction. Wuhan recent years hammers at finding ways to protect and rehabilitate water environment through managing sewage, building ecology network of rivers and lakes, and also developing a train of system construction. By the approaches mentioned previously, the achievement on meliorating quality of water within Wuhan is surely unprecedented. Analyzing the actions this city has implemented, together with the work experience on law, construction and system will easily harvest.
Treatment Phenolic Compounds in Coal Gasification Wastewater by Hydrolytic Acidification-AO Process
Authors: Xu Peng , Han Hong Jun , Jia Sheng Yong , Hou Bao Lin , Zhao Qian
Published: September 2013

Using hydrolytic acidification-AO process treating coal gasification wastewater, the COD, total phenols in the effluent and the removal efficiencies were studied. The start-up period was separated to two stages with influent COD concentration of 1500 and 2500mg/L. After 59 days operation, the COD and total phenols removal efficiencies were 80.3% and 72.9%, respectively. The COD and total phenols increased to 925.4 and 238.7mg/L when the HRT was reduced to 6h with the corresponding concentrations of influent were 2512.9 and 493.4mg/L. When the HRT in hydrolytic acidification was reduced to 100%, the removal of total phenols dropped from 75.4% to 57.6%. The bigger circle ratio of 500% didn't have obviously effect on total phenols removal of the process.
Influencing Factors of Phenol Waste Gas Removal in Biotrickling Filter
Authors: Du Ji Jun , Wang Chen Hao , Zhu Chao Wei , Long Hong Yan
Published: September 2013

Phenol waste gas was treated by biotickling filter. The results operated n a month showed that when phenol was between 50mg/m3 and 100 mg/m3, phenol removal efficiency was more than 94%. Phenol elimination capacity of the system was around 30mg/L h. The system had high resistance to shock loading. the phenol removal efficiency did not decreased with increasing influent loading rate when it was lower than 100mg.L-1.h-1. The gas to liquid ratio almost had no adverse effect on the phenol efficiency when the ratio was in range of 1.1 to 2.2m3/L. The removal loading rate increased with the increasing of recycling phenol concentration. When phenol concentration was lower than 1000mg/L, the biotrickling filter still run in high efficiency. The biofilm in first stage of filling materials removed 90% of influent phenol.
Near Field Simulation of Low Level Waste Water Released from Nuclear Power Plants in Rivers through Surface by CORMIX
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Yong Ye , Qiao Ya Hua , Liu Fu Dong , Zhang Chun Ming , Wang Bo
Published: September 2013

CORMIX obtaining the approval from USEPA is widely used in the environmental evaluation of US inland nuclear power plants. Carry out 3-d simulation for the low level radioactive liquid effluent released from an inland nuclear power plant in rivers through surface by CORMIX. Compare the diluent effect of different discharge capacity (2 and 4 units) and different season (summer and winter). Dilution ratios of these four simulation conditions are all reach 10 at 500m downstream. The 0.1C0 isoconcentration line range of four units is much larger than two units. It is found from the concentration distribution of cross-section at 1km downstream that the diffusing vertically of effluent in summer is better than it in winter. The accuracy of the software will be confirmed by actual measurement.
Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition of Two Different Cities in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Kuang Hung , Lin Jim Jui Min
Published: September 2013

The characteristics of physical and chemical composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) of two different cities in Taiwan were examined. Population in Kaohsiung City way higher (12.2 folds) than Taitung County population, waste generation is also higher (13.08 folds) than in Taitung County. Nonetheless, there is no significant difference (8% difference) between Kaohsiung City and Taitung County for waste generation rate. It is found that food wastes account for the most proportion of the reusable waste of Kaohsiung City (36.88%) and Taitung County (6.43%), and moreover, the proportion of reusable waste of Taitung County is much less than that of Kaohsiung City. It is because Taitung County is an agricultural area, reusable waste can be reused by residents and not released to the garbage collection system. Furthermore, there was no significant difference of MSW composition between the Kaohsiung City and Taitung City (an administrative region of Taitung County). Paper, food wastes, and plastic accounted for a higher proportion. Food wastes were the major content in both cities because food wastes not included in the disposal system until ten years ago. These results show that organic waste such as food wastes remained significant, with room for more promotion as a resource recycling task.
Extraction of Organic Compound from Carboxymethyl Cellulose Wastewater
Authors: Xia Jue Liang , Ren Bai Nian , Tan Yi Fan , Rao Pin Hua , Liu Tong Zhou , Zhang Wen Qi
Published: September 2013

Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) wastewater contains high salinity (>10%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) which results from organic by-products during production. It is usually necessary that the wastewater is pretreated before biochemical methods are employed. In this paper, distillation method was used to pretreat CMC wastewater and a kind of organic acid (Ethoxyacetic acid) was extracted. Effect of solution pH on the purity of ethoxyacetic acid was studied.
Study on Potato Protien Recovery by Batch Foam Separation
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ren Hai Wei
Published: September 2013

The feasibility of foam separation as a technique was assessed for the recovery of potato protein from the simulated potato processing waste effluent (SPWE). The effects of initial protein concentration, pH, air flow rate ,liquid loading volume on separation performance were examined by using a foam fractionation column with partial horizontally flowing foam phase. Based on the comprehensive consideration of effect on the enrichment ratio and the recovery percentage, the optimal conditions were initial protein concentration 0.5 g/L, initial pH 4.0, air flow rate 62.5 L/h ,liquid loading volume 200mL, Under the conditions, a greater enrichment ratio of the protein of 9.1 was obtained with a recovery percentage of the protein of 84.3%.The research are aimed at laying a foundation for the industrialization of recovering potato protein from the wastewater by foam separation.
Improving Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete by Sugar Sediment
Authors: Thongtha Atthakorn , Maneewan Somchai , Punlek Chantana , Ungkoon Yothin
Published: September 2013

The comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties between the autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) and the autoclaved aerated concrete consist of sugar sediment (AAC-SS) was investigated in this work. The microstructure of AAC and AAC-SS was analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of AAC and AAC-SS were focused on the compressive strength, the density, the water absorption and the flexural strength. To comfirm the tobermorite phase, the phase formation of the samples was tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the microstructure of AAC and AAC-SS surface was the finer needle-like crystalline morphology. The compressive strength (5.9 N/mm2) and flexural strength (1.82 N/mm2) of AAC-SS were higher than that of the AAC (5.0 N/mm2 and 1.64 N/mm2). While, the value of density (0.60 g/cm3) and humidity (23.59%) of AAC-SS had little less than that of the AAC (0.61 g/cm3 and 24.11%). The increasing of the tobermorite phase, which was added by the sugar sediment, had affected to the improvement of the mechanical properties. The specimens of both AAC and AAC-SS were claimed in quality class of 4, which based on the Thai Industrial Standard 1505-1998.
Oxidation of Elemental Mercury by Active Species Injection from a Surface Discharge Reactor
Authors: Jiang Yu Ze , An Jiu Tao , Jiang Di Wen , Li Jie , Wu Yan
Published: September 2013

Active species injection generated by a surface discharge plasma reactor (SDPR) was studied to oxidize elemental mercury (Hg0) in the flue gas. The reactor was inserted in the simulated flue duct. The effects of several operational parameters, such as applied voltage, inlet Hg0 concentration, applied frequency and air injection flow rate, were well investigated. Experimental results showed that Hg0 oxidation efficiency of 83.8% was achieved at specific energy density of 4.0 J L-1 and the flow rate of 1.6 L min-1. Increasing applied voltage and air injection flow rate was beneficial for Hg0 oxidation due to higher production of active species. Lower Hg0 oxidation efficiency was observed with an increase of initial concentration. With an increase of applied frequency, Hg0 oxidation efficiency significantly increased, but the energy yield dropped.
Research on the Treatment of Xanthate Wastewater by Flocculation Process
Authors: Zhu Jing , Song Xiao Xia , Liu Fei , Li Tian Xiang
Published: September 2013

As the widely used collector, environmental pollution and toxicity of xanthates have got more and more concerns. In the present work, the flocculation process had been used to treat xanthate wastewater. The results showed that Al2(SO4)3 was the optimal flocculant. At the conditions of dosage of 0.1mol·L-1Al2(SO4)3 0.5 mL, the initial pH 6.5, vibrating time 90 min and settling time 120 min, sodium isobutyl xanthate was removed nearly up to 100%.
Design Engineering to Control Geological Environmental Problems of Limestone Mine in Fengshan, Guangxi
Authors: Tang Zhao Hui , Chai Bo , Li Yuan Yao , Luo Chao
Published: September 2013

Geo-environmental treatment projects had not been implemented in many old mines of China. Those mines environment has got increasingly deteriorated. So the government provides specialized policies and funding to solve the environmental problems of those mines. Based on the characteristics of the geological environmental treatment projects of old mines, the paper puts forward the principle and index of the treatment projects design and applies in the design of Fengshan limestone mine, Guangxi. It indicated that: (1)The geological environment problems are complex and diverse, and the treatment projects involve a multi-disciplinary cross which are environmental geology, ecology geology, geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering and landscape works. It needs to consider the follow key indicators: Geo-environment problems, Feasibility, Benefit, and social demand. (2) the limestone mine in FengShan is high 134m, and there had happened a collapse which had 2.1×104 m3, and killed 6 people. The geo-environment problems include rockfall, rock collapse, land and vegetation destruction, and landscape damage. The mine local in the Leye-Fengshan International Geological Park in Guangxi, the requests for travel security and sight-viewing environment are extremely high. Therefore, drainage, anchoring, rockfalls platforms and rock carvings would be implemented for the purpose of transforming the mine into a sight spot in the park.(3) The treatment projects eliminate the geo-hazard and build the world-class carving attractions reflect the benefit of the project management from the environment, economy and society aspects.
Development of Resource Processing Technology for Heavy Oil Sludge
Authors: Wang Qian , Qu Cheng Tun , Qin Fang Ling
Published: September 2013

The process of oil extraction and processing produces large quantities of oily sludge, which is complex and unwieldy. It has become the main pollution factor of affecting oil production. So it is necessary to look for a reasonable treatment technology of oily sludge .This document introduces different sludge treatment methods and technological process, highlights the pyrolysis principle and test methods, and looking forward to the development of oily sludge treatment process.
Study on Self-Decontamination of Polluted City River Courses
Authors: Liu Chun Mei , Wang Zheng Yang
Published: September 2013

Based on the general description of the present city river courses distribution in Zhenjiang, this paper made an analysis of the situation of polluted river courses. Several general planning treatment principles were raised. Meanwhile, by comparing treatments of polluted river courses between home and abroad, this paper put forward several methods suitable for polluted city river courses in Zhenjiang area.
Study on the Phytoavailability of Heavy Metal Lead, Copper, Zinc in Ilex Kudingcha C. J. Tseng Soil
Authors: He Yang Yang , Luo Sheng Xu , Yan Hui , Xiao Yu Jie , Yu Yang
Published: September 2013

Pot experiment was conducted with the cutting seedlings of Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng. By adding lead, copper solution and self-exist zinc in soil, we conducted the research for the phytoavailability of heavy metal in the different soil situation. The characterization methods of the phytoavailability were investigated. Results show that lead, copper and zinc are the strong absorption elements from BAC (Biological Absorption Coefficient) averages of 13 groups experiment. The order of BAC averages is lead > copper > zinc. 0.05mol/L EDTA-2Na can be used as the extracting agent of lead or copper, 0.1mol/L HCl can be used as the extracting agent of zinc. They can be used for the characterization methods about the phytoavailability of lead, copper, zinc in soil by the single extraction method. 0.1mol/L HC1 is adopted to extract soil, and weighted ion impulse of the lead, copper, zinc in the extraction fluid is calculated, which can well simultaneously characterize the phytoavailability of heavy metal lead, copper, zinc in kudingcha soil.
Study on pH Shock Resistance of the Magnetic Micro-Aerobic Activated Sludge System
Authors: Lan Hui Xia , Chen Rui , Ma Ping , Zhang Heng , Lan Shan Hong
Published: September 2013

the effect of pH shock on the magnetic micro-aerobic activated sludge system used to deal with low load glucose wastewater was studied. After pH shocking under the condition of pH=6.0 and 9.0 for 15 days, CODCr removal efficiency of the reactor with magnetic powder was higher than that of the reactor without magnetic powder, and remained above 80% in the 5 days recovery experiment at pH=7.5, while about 50% of the reactor without magnetic powder. SVI in the reactor with magnetic powder was lower than that of the reactor without magnetic powder after pH shocking, and after the 5 days' recovery experiments, SVI of the sludge with magnetic powder could recovered to the original value, but the indicators of the sludge without magnetic powder could not recovered to the original value.
The Prediction of the Generation of Municipal Solid Waste Based on Grey Combination Model
Authors: Zhang Yi
Published: September 2013

A new predictable model of the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is established by combining GM(1,1) model and GM(1,N) model. By using GM (1, N) model to do the quantitative analysis on the main factors of the generation of MSW, and using GM (1, 1) model to analyse and predict each factor,the relationship between the various factors and the generation of MSW and the new predictable model of the generation of MSW are obtained. We took the data of Shanghai as the example to establish the combinatorial model. It is analysed that the model's fitting precision and predictable precision are higher. The method has good feasibility and practicability, and provides a quantitative basis for analysing, forecasting and planning management of MSW.
Development and Key Technology from Triple Oxidation Ditch, UNITANK Process to MSBR Process for the Object of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Wang Si Ming , Sun Xiao Jie
Published: September 2013

Higher nitrogen and phosphorus in the water cause water eutrophication. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal are the primary methods of solving water eutrophication. This paper analyzed the development and key technology from Triple oxidation ditch, UNITANK process to MSBR process for the object of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.