bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Flower Pollination Algorithm for Solving Complex Large‐Scale Power System Restoration Problem Using PDFF Controllers
Authors: Subramanian G. Ganesan , Alexander Stonier Albert , Peter Geno , Ganji Vivekananda
Published: September 2022

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) in modern power systems is getting complex, due to intermittency in the output power of multiple sources along with considerable digressions in the loads and system parameters. To address this problem, this paper proposes an approach to calculate Power System Restoration Indices (PSRI) of a 2‐area thermal‐hydro restructured power system. This study also highlights the necessary ancillary service requirements for the system under a deregulated environment to cater to large‐scale power failures and entire system outages. An abrupt change in consumer load demands and disturbances in any control region (area) of a multiarea (interrelated) system causes severe fluctuations in frequency and interarea power exchanges. However, simple Proportional and Integral (PI) controllers are most prevalent in the literature to effectively resolve AGC issues, while its integral gain is smaller due to the larger overshoot in transient performance. Therefore, an attempt has been made with a novel control strategy, known as the pseudoderivative feedforward with feedback (PDFF) controller, is developed to keep the interarea power exchanges and the frequency to the specified limits after load changes. A PDFF controller is designed and implemented using the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) to obtain optimal dynamic performance for different types of potential power flows in a restructured power system under investigation. The proposed PDFF controller localizes the zero at an optimal place that reduces the rise time of the step‐response to reduce the excessive overshoot and gives much better dynamic performances as compared to the PI control structure. The Integral Square Error (ISE) is considered as a performance criterion to derive the optimized gain of the PDFF control structure using FPA. Different PSRI are computed based on the transient response of the 2‐area deregulated multisource system and different restoration measures to be taken are also discussed. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed approach is very powerful in decreasing the frequency and tie‐power digressions under different load perturbations.
Integrated Microarray Analysis to Identify Genes and Small-Molecule Drugs Associated with Stroke Progression
Authors: Cui Shasha , Zhao Yunfeng , Huang Menghui , Zhang Huan , Zhao Wei , Chen Zhenhua
Published: September 2022

Several blood biomarkers are now considered increasingly important for stratifying risk, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the response to therapy in ischemic stroke. The purpose of the present study was to identify the key genes associated with ischemic stroke progression and elucidate the potential therapeutic small molecules. Microarray datasets related to stroke for GSE58294, GSE22255, and GSE16561 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered using the Limma package. DAVID was then searched to perform gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Based on the DEGs, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was developed using Cytoscape, and MCODE was applied to conduct module analysis. Finally, to identify the potential drugs for ischemic stroke, the connectivity map (CMap) database was used. Sixty DEGs were identified after analyzing the three datasets. The GO data analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly associated with biological processes, including positive regulation of programmed cell death, protein localization in organelles, and positive regulation of apoptosis. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were particularly enriched in the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and Huntington’s disease. We selected five DEGs with high connectivity (CYBB, SYK, DUSP1, TNF, and SP1) that significantly predicted stroke progression. In addition, CMap prediction showed ten small molecules that could be used as adjuvants when treating ischemic stroke. The outcomes of the present study indicated that the five genes mentioned above can be considered potential targets for developing new medications that can modify the ischemic stroke process, and mycophenolic acid was the most promising small molecule to treat ischemic stroke.
Multiscale Motion Detection and Recognition Combining Still Images and Video Sequences
Authors: Chen Zhuo
Published: September 2022

In order to improve the sports training and competition effect of sports, this paper combines the accurate recognition method of video image fuzzy features to accurately identify the sports process to explore the movement characteristics of athletes on the sports stage. Moreover, this paper uses the trigger system to select cases and adopts the all-digital trigger method in the digital sports video recognition system. In addition, this paper uses the ADC input overrange as the judgment standard for bad cases and constructs an accurate recognition system for sports training features based on video image recognition. Finally, this paper verifies the effect of the accurate recognition method of local fuzzy features in sports video images. The experimental study verifies the effectiveness of the accurate recognition method of local fuzzy features in sports video images.
Prognostic Value and Potential Regulatory Mechanism of H19 in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Guo Hongyuan , Guo Xu , Su Yuanyuan , Liu Minghui , Chen Xi , Zhu Hao , Fu Zheng
Published: September 2022

The first lncRNA discovered, H19, has been found to participate in the regulation of diverse biological processes, including the pathogenesis of stomach adenocarcinoma. In addition to its oncogenic function in tumor formation, a high level of H19 in tumor tissues has also been reported to be an indicator for poor prognosis. However, although many previous works have investigated the level of H19 as an independent indicator for prognosis, the real value of H19 in predicting survival has rarely been evaluated. In this study, we established a prognostic model and nomogram for stomach adenocarcinoma by combining the expression level of H19 with traditional indices, which showed the value of H19 in predicting the survival rates of patients. In addition, we investigated the mechanism underlying the correlation of the H19 level in cancer tissue with poor prognosis in patients. Our results showed that H19 could function as ceRNA by sponging five miRNAs, which may promote the progression of cancer.
Evolution of Structural and Optical Properties of Cuprous Oxide Particles for Visible Light Absorption
Authors: Carrasco-Hernández A. R. , Ruvalcaba-Ontiveros R. I. , Martínez-Guerra E. , Duarte-Moller J. A. , Esparza-Ponce H. E.
Published: September 2022

Absorbent materials are being developed to replace semiconductor materials such as p‐type silicon, GaAs, CdTe, and quaternary compounds such as CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide). Cu2O is a potential candidate because it is non‐toxic, inexpensive, an abundant compound in the Earth’s crust, and has good optical properties, such as a high absorption coefficient. In this work, Cu2O was obtained simply by reducing Benedict’s solution with glucose in an alkaline medium (pH 10.2 ± 0.2) at 65°C. The samples were synthesized by varying glucose content from 1 g to 7 g. The results showed a phase proportion variation between 95.56% and 99.50% of the Cu2O phase. It was found that the changes in crystallite size, microstrains, particle size, and morphology are due to reaction times, which were influenced by the use of different glucose amounts. The use of a higher glucose amount in the synthesis favors a faster reaction, forming smaller crystallites with more microstrains. Lower glucose amount leads to a slower reaction giving the crystallites more time to grow, which relaxes the microstrains. When increasing glucose content, the obtained morphologies changed from cubes, irregular cubes, prismatic spheres, cauliflower‐like, to spherical shapes. The XPS spectra confirmed only the presence of chemical species such as Cu(I) and Cu(II), and chemical defects, such as oxygen vacancies (Vo), were detected in the samples. All samples presented a broad absorption range from 200 nm to 570 nm indistinctly of the morphology. The band gap showed an insignificant change from 2.04 eV to 2.09 eV when glucose was increased from 1 g to 7 g. The in-situ phase transformation study was analyzed from 25°C to 700°C. The results indicated a phase transition from Cu2O to Cu and CuO when the temperature was above 280°C.
Systematic Pan-Cancer Analysis Identifies CDK1 as an Immunological and Prognostic Biomarker
Authors: Yang Yaqi , Liu Qin , Guo Xiyuan , Yuan Qing , Nian Siji , Kang Pengyuan , Xu Zixi , Li Lin , Ye Yingchun
Published: September 2022

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) plays an important role in cancer development, progression, and the overall process of tumorigenesis. However, no pan-cancer analysis has been reported for CDK1, and the predictive role of CDK1 in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy response remains unexplored. Thus, in this study, we first investigated the potential oncogenic role of CDK1 in 33 tumors by multidimensional bioinformatics analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Bioinformatic analysis and immunohistochemical experiments confirmed that CDK1 is significantly upregulated in most common cancers and is strongly associated with prognosis. Further analysis indicated that CDK1 may influence tumor immunity mainly by mediating the degree of tumor infiltration of immune-associated cells, and the effect of CDK1 on immunity is diverse across tumor types in tumor microenvironment. CDK1 was also positively correlated with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in certain cancer types, linking its expression to the assessment of possible treatment response. The results of the pan-cancer analysis study showed that the CDK1 gene was positively associated with the expression of three classes of RNA methylation regulatory proteins, and affects RNA function through multiple mechanisms of action and plays an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of the tumor microenvironment. These findings shed light on the role of the CDK1 gene in cancer progression and provide information to further study the CDK1 gene as a potential target for pan-cancer.
[Retracted] Correlation between Collateral Compensation and Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction after Intravenous Thrombolysis Based on Medical Big Data
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Li Fang , Hu Yanfang , Yuan Shaojie , Zhang Tong , Yang Yu
Published: September 2022

Homocysteine is an amino acid present in plasma, which is an important intermediate product in the metabolism of methionine and cysteine. Acute cerebral infarction (CI) is called acute CI of stroke. It is one of the most common diseases in neurology and has a serious impact, affecting people’s lives. This article is aimed at studying the effect of data mining algorithms based on medical big data and the improved apriori algorithm on the analysis of the correlation between collateral compensation and homocysteine levels in patients with acute CI. This article proposes that there are many factors in patients with acute CI, among which are collateral compensation and homocysteine levels that are not easily determined. From the data in the tables in the experiment of this article, it can be seen that the collateral circulation of patients with acute CI is 8%, and the collateral circulation of patients without acute CI is 35%. The results indicate that both collateral compensation and homocysteine levels affect patients with acute CI. The higher the homocysteine level, the greater the probability of acute CI, and the better the state of collateral circulation, the less likely it is to suffer from acute CI.
Influence of Heat Stress on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function, Tight Junction Protein, and Immune and Reproductive Physiology
Authors: Ghulam Mohyuddin Sahar , Khan Imran , Zada Ahmad , Qamar Aftab , Arbab Abdelaziz Adam Idriss , Ma Xin-bing , Yu Zhi-chao , Liu Xiao-Xi , Yong Yan-Hong , Ju Xiang Hong , Zhang-Ping Yang , Yong Jiang Mao
Published: September 2022

The potential threat of global warming in the 21st century is on the ecosystem through many aspects, including the negative impact of rising global temperature on the health of humans and animals, especially domestic animals. The damage caused by heat stress to animals has been more and more significant as the worldwide climate continues to rise, along with the breeding industry’s expanding scale and stocking density, and it has become the most important stress‐causing factor in southern China. In this review, we described the effects of heat stress on animal immune organs and immune system. The much‐debated topic is how hyperthermia affects the tight junction barrier. Heat stress also induces inflammation in the body of animals causing low body weight and loss of appetite. This review also discussed that heat stress leads to hepatic disorder, and it also damages the intestine. The small intestine experiences ischemia, and the permeability of the intestine increases. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have a significant role in stress‐induced cellular and organ injury. The study has shown that MAPK activity in the small intestine was increased by heat stress. Heat stress caused extreme small intestine damage, enhanced oxidative stress, and activated MAPK signaling pathways.
Online Teaching Course Recommendation Based on Autoencoder
Authors: Shen Dandan , Jiang Zheng
Published: September 2022

When using traditional recommendation algorithms to solve the problems of course recommendation, such as data sparseness and cold start, the performance of recommendation cannot be significantly improved. In order to solve its limitations in capturing learners’ preferences and the characteristics of courses, this paper first clarifies the research foundation of course recommendation based on autoencoder and analyzes the description of course relevance and recommendation methods. According to the timing characteristics of online learning, an online course recommendation model based on autoencoder is proposed where the long-term and short-term memory (LSTM) network is used to improve the autoencoder, so that it can extract the temporal characteristics of data. Then, the Softmax function is used to recommend courses. The experimental results show that, compared with recommendation model of collaborative filtering algorithm and traditional autoencoder, the proposed method has higher recommendation accuracy.
Construction of the Mathematical Model for Teaching Classroom Evaluation in Colleges and Universities Using an Optimized Apriori Algorithm
Authors: Liu Gang
Published: September 2022

In order to increase the effectiveness and teaching quality of numerous classroom activities in colleges and universities, this paper puts forward the effectiveness assessment technique of teaching activities in colleges, universities, and institutions of higher education based on the optimized Apriori algorithm. A mathematical model for assessing the efficacy and usefulness of classroom activities in colleges and universities is constructed. Teaching contents, teaching attitudes, teaching methods, teaching effects, test results, and students’ performance are introduced as comprehensive evaluation factors, and a decision-making model for assessing the success and efficiency of classroom activities in colleges and universities is established by adopting scientific, reasonable, and systematic teaching methods. Through the grey correlation analysis of classroom teaching quality, the delay characteristic analysis and the adaptive parameter adjustment method are adopted. This paper constructs the optimal Apriori algorithm model of college teaching classroom activities, constructs the optimal evaluation function model of college teaching classroom activities effectiveness evaluation by the method of support-confidence joint estimation, extracts the optimal quality parameter set of college teaching classroom activities by the optimization detection method and association rule mining, and realizes the effectiveness evaluation and multi-dimensional parameter estimation of college teaching classroom activities by the optimized Apriori algorithm. The test outcomes confirm that this technique is reliable in evaluating the effectiveness of classroom activities in colleges and universities, and the directional distribution of association rules of classroom quality in colleges and universities is significant, which meaningfully advances the classroom teaching levels and quantitative evaluation abilities.
A Two-Lane Cellular Automaton Model to Evaluate the Bus Lane with Intermittent Priority
Authors: Wu Dingxin , Han Xu
Published: September 2022

Bus lanes with intermittent priority (BLIPs) are lanes where general traffic is required to give way to approaching buses. BLIPs can improve the reliability of bus services and help maximize the use of road resources. It can be seen as an innovative sharing mobility, such as carsharing, carpooling, and lane sharing. However, implementation of BLIPs has never been feasible until vehicle communications could accommodate the idea. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications have broad application prospects in the deployment of BLIPs. This paper develops a two-lane cellular automaton (CA) model to simulate BLIPs and assesses the benefits of connected vehicles for bus operation. In the model, lane-changings are asymmetric with an improved mandatory BLIP lane-changing rule underlying. The effects of BLIPs are explored through numerical simulations, including BLIPs’ impacts on neighboring lanes, travel time saving, fuel consumption, and the punctuality rate of buses. Analysis of traffic flow characteristics of corridors using BLIPs reveals that there is a strong connection among the bus departure interval, clear distance, and road capacity.
[Retracted] Analysis of the Effects of Arts and Crafts in Public Mental Health Education Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Ji Linchong , Liu Zhiyong
Published: September 2022

Arts and crafts, with their very different styles due to many factors such as times, regions, technologies, and cultures and nationalities, have undergone an extremely long process, and it is only through continuous superimposition, development, and innovation that they have gradually formed the posture of today’s arts and crafts. Public mental health education is the main way to promote the psychological health development of the public in colleges and universities at present. And among them, sound personality and good self‐awareness is one of the important standards of psychological health of the large public and one of the important tasks of mental health education. As an effective psychological test and treatment method, arts and crafts analysis are an important part of mental health education. It has a certain role in improving the level of self‐awareness and promoting the integration of personality. Art and craft analysis has advantages in mental health and educational group counseling that cannot be replaced by other words and activities, so it can be used in mental health education courses. It can be used in teaching self‐awareness. In order to combine the development of arts and crafts with the development concept and promotion ideas of public mental health education, this article proposes an analysis of the role of arts and crafts in public mental health education based on artificial intelligence computing to enhance the development of arts and crafts from a new perspective and seek the inheritance and innovation of arts and crafts and public mental health education in the new historical period, and proves the proposed method in the relevant dataset. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated in the relevant dataset.
Antidiarrheal and Antibacterial Activities of Calpurnia aurea: Benth Seed Different Extracts
Authors: Bogale Achenef , Alemayehu Haile , Nedi Teshome , Engidawork Ephrem
Published: September 2022

Background. Calpurnia aurea is believed to have antidiarrheal potential but with limited scientific evidence. This study aimed investigating antidiarrheal and antibacterial activity of aqueous and 80% methanol seed extracts of the plant in mice and selected diarrhea-causing bacterial strains, respectively. Methods. Castor oil-induced diarrhea, prostaglandin-induced enteropooling, and castor oil-induced charcoal meal test models in mice of either sex using three dose levels (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) were applied to evaluate antidiarrheal activity. Parameters, including onset, number, wet stool weight, weight and volume of secretion, and intestinal motility, were taken into consideration. The antibacterial activity was assessed on Shigella soni, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disk diffusion and microdilution techniques. Results. Compared to controls, pretreatment of mice at the graded dose (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) resulted in a significant (

p
<
0.05

) drop in frequency of wet stools and watery content of diarrhea as well as in delaying onset of diarrhea. Both extracts exhibited inhibition of diarrhea in a dose-dependent manner in all models used. The extracts also showed significant (

p
<
0.05

) reduction in intestinal motility in castor oil-induced models. Both extracts showed a marginal activity against the selected bacterial strains; a better effect was seen with 80% methanol seed extract. Conclusion. Both extracts of the plant have beneficial effect in controlling diarrhea. This finding supports the use of the plant as a traditional antidiarrheal remedy.
An Analytical Study of Creeping Flow of a Second‐Order Fluid through a Small Diameter Leaky Tube with Linearly Diminishing Absorption
Authors: Bano Zarqa , Siddiqui Abdul Majeed , Bhatti Kaleemullah
Published: September 2022

This study is focused on investigating the effects of linear absorption parameter on creeping flow of a second‐order fluid through a narrow leaky tube. These flows are experienced in several biological and industrial procedures, for instance, in proximal convoluted tubule of a human kidney, in hemodialysis devices, in filtration processes of food industry, journal bearing, and slide bearing. Inertial effects are neglected due to creeping motion assumption and low Reynolds number. Langlois recursive approach method is used to linearize the governing compatibility equation and to obtain an approximate analytical solution by reverse solution method. Analytical expressions for various physically important quantities like velocity profile, bulk flow, mean pressure drop in longitudinal direction, wall shear stress, leakage flux, fractional absorption, and stream function are obtained in dimensionless form. The obtained solution shows great similarity with the already available work in the literature. Variation in flow variables with linear absorption parameter is analysed in detail. The special case of uniform absorption in creeping motion of second‐order fluid is presented in a separate section. It is noticed that velocity field, in case of uniform absorption, is independent of non‐Newtonian parameters. Therefore, it is asserted that any two dimensional axisymmetric Newtonian velocity fields is also a solution for second‐order fluids with identical boundary conditions.
Mutational Signature 3 Detected from Clinical Panel Sequencing is Associated with Responses to Olaparib in Breast and Ovarian Cancers
Authors: Batalini Felipe , Gulhan Doga C. , Mao Victor , Tran Antuan , Polak Madeline , Xiong Niya , Tayob Nabihah , Tung Nadine M. , Winer Eric P. , Mayer Erica L. , Knappskog Stian , Lønning Per E. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Konstantinopoulos Panagiotis A. , Solit David B. , Won Helen , Eikesdal Hans P. , Park Peter J. , Wulf Gerburg M.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The identification of patients with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) beyond BRCA1/2 mutations is an urgent task, as they may benefit from PARP inhibitors. We have previously developed a method to detect mutational signature 3 (Sig3), termed SigMA, associated with HRD from clinical panel sequencing data, that is able to reliably detect HRD from the limited sequencing data derived from gene-focused panel sequencing.

Experimental Design:

We apply this method to patients from two independent datasets: (i) high-grade serous ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from a phase Ib trial of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in combination with the PI3K inhibitor buparlisib (BKM120; NCT01623349), and (ii) TNBC patients who received neoadjuvant olaparib in the phase II PETREMAC trial (NCT02624973).

Results:

We find that Sig3 as detected by SigMA is positively associated with improved progression-free survival and objective responses. In addition, comparison of Sig3 detection in panel and exome-sequencing data from the same patient samples demonstrated highly concordant results and superior performance in comparison with the genomic instability score.

Conclusions:

Our analyses demonstrate that HRD can be detected reliably from panel-sequencing data that are obtained as part of routine clinical care, and that this approach can identify patients beyond those with germline BRCA1/2mut who might benefit from PARP inhibitors. Prospective clinical utility testing is warranted.
Endoscopic Screening and Risk of Colorectal Cancer according to Type 2 Diabetes Status
Authors: Wang Kai , Ma Wenjie , Hu Yang , Knudsen Markus Dines. , Nguyen Long H. , Wu Kana , Ng Kimmie , Wang Molin , Ogino Shuji , Sun Qi , Giovannucci Edward L. , Chan Andrew T. , Song Mingyang
Published: September 2022

Current recommendations for colorectal cancer screening have not accounted for type 2 diabetes (T2D) status. It remains unknown whether the colorectal cancer–preventive benefit of endoscopic screening and the recommended age for screening initiation differ by T2D. Among 166,307 women (Nurses’ Health Study I and II, 1988–2017) and 42,875 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1988–2016), endoscopic screening and T2D diagnosis were biennially updated. We calculated endoscopic screening-associated hazard ratios (HR) and absolute risk reductions (ARR) for colorectal cancer incidence and mortality according to T2D, and age-specific colorectal cancer incidence according to T2D. During a median of 26 years of follow-up, we documented 3,457 colorectal cancer cases and 1,129 colorectal cancer deaths. Endoscopic screening was associated with a similar HR of colorectal cancer incidence in the T2D and non-T2D groups (P-multiplicative interaction = 0.57). In contrast, the endoscopic screening-associated ARR for colorectal cancer incidence was higher in the T2D group (2.36%; 95% CI, 1.55%–3.13%) than in the non-T2D group (1.73%; 95% CI, 1.29%–2.16%; P-additive interaction = 0.01). Individuals without T2D attained a 10-year cumulative risk of 0.35% at the benchmark age of 45 years, whereas those with T2D reached this threshold risk level at the age of 36 years. Similar results were observed for colorectal cancer mortality. In conclusion, the absolute benefit of endoscopic screening for colorectal cancer prevention may be substantially higher for individuals with T2D compared with those without T2D. Although T2D is comparatively rare prior to the fifth decade of life, the rising incidence of young-onset T2D and heightened colorectal cancer risk associated with T2D support the consideration of earlier endoscopic screening in individuals with T2D.

Prevention Relevance:

The endoscopic screening-associated ARRs for colorectal cancer incidence and mortality were higher for individuals with T2D than those without T2D. Endoscopic screening confers a greater benefit for colorectal cancer prevention among T2D individuals, who may also benefit from an earlier screening than the current recommendation.
Genetic Ancestry Correlates with Somatic Differences in a Real-World Clinical Cancer Sequencing Cohort
Authors: Arora Kanika , Tran Thinh N. , Kemel Yelena , Mehine Miika , Liu Ying L. , Nandakumar Subhiksha , Smith Shaleigh A. , Brannon A. Rose , Ostrovnaya Irina , Stopsack Konrad H. , Razavi Pedram , Safonov Anton , Rizvi Hira A. , Hellmann Matthew D. , Vijai Joseph , Reynolds Thomas C. , Fagin James A. , Carrot-Zhang Jian , Offit Kenneth , Solit David B. , Ladanyi Marc , Schultz Nikolaus , Zehir Ahmet , Brown Carol L. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Chakravarty Debyani , Bandlamudi Chaitanya , Berger Michael F.
Published: September 2022

Accurate ancestry inference is critical for identifying genetic contributors of cancer disparities among populations. Although methods to infer genetic ancestry have historically relied upon genome-wide markers, the adaptation to targeted clinical sequencing panels presents an opportunity to incorporate ancestry inference into routine diagnostic workflows. We show that global ancestral contributions and admixture of continental populations can be quantitatively inferred using markers captured by the MSK-IMPACT clinical panel. In a pan-cancer cohort of 45,157 patients, we observed differences by ancestry in the frequency of somatic alterations, recapitulating known associations and revealing novel associations. Despite the comparable overall prevalence of driver alterations by ancestry group, the proportion of patients with clinically actionable alterations was lower for African (30%) compared with European (33%) ancestry. Although this result is largely explained by population-specific cancer subtype differences, it reveals an inequity in the degree to which different populations are served by existing precision oncology interventions.

Significance:

We performed a comprehensive analysis of ancestral associations with somatic mutations in a real-world pan-cancer cohort, including >5,000 non-European individuals. Using an FDA-authorized tumor sequencing panel and an FDA-recognized oncology knowledge base, we detected differences in the prevalence of clinically actionable alterations, potentially contributing to health care disparities affecting underrepresented populations.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
Drug–gene Interaction Screens Coupled to Tumor Data Analyses Identify the Most Clinically Relevant Cancer Vulnerabilities Driving Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition
Authors: Jamal Kunzah , Galbiati Alessandro , Armenia Joshua , Illuzzi Giuditta , Hall James , Bentouati Sabrina , Barrell Daniel , Ahdesmäki Miika ,   for the Functional Genomics Centre Group, O'Connor Mark J. , Leo Elisabetta , Forment Josep V.
Published: September 2022

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are currently indicated for the treatment of ovarian, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers harboring mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 or BRCA2. In the case of ovarian and prostate cancers, their classification as homologous recombination repair (HRR) deficient (HRD) or mutated also makes PARPi an available treatment option beyond BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutational status. However, identification of the most relevant genetic alterations driving the HRD phenotype has proven difficult and recent data have shown that other genetic alterations not affecting HRR are also capable of driving PARPi responses. To gain insight into the genetics driving PARPi sensitivity, we performed CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens in six PARPi-insensitive cell lines and combined the output with published PARPi datasets from eight additional cell lines. Ensuing exploration of the data identified 110 genes whose inactivation is strongly linked to sensitivity to PARPi. Parallel cell line generation of isogenic gene knockouts in ovarian and prostate cancer cell lines identified that inactivation of core HRR factors is required for driving in vitro PARPi responses comparable with the ones observed for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Moreover, pan-cancer genetic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic data analyses of these 110 genes highlight the ones most frequently inactivated in tumors, making this study a valuable resource for prospective identification of potential PARPi-responsive patient populations. Importantly, our investigations uncover XRCC3 gene silencing as a potential new prognostic biomarker of PARPi sensitivity in prostate cancer.

Significance:

This study identifies tumor genetic backgrounds where to expand the use of PARPis beyond mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. This is achieved by combining the output of unbiased genome-wide loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screens with bioinformatics analysis of biallelic losses of the identified genes in public tumor datasets, unveiling loss of the DNA repair gene XRCC3 as a potential biomarker of PARPi sensitivity in prostate cancer.
Geriatrisches Ko-Management in der Hämatologie: Bloß nicht entmutigen lassen!
Authors: Neuendorff Nina Rosa
Published: September 2022

We conducted a randomized controlled trial in older adults with hematologic malignancies to determine the impact of geriatrician consultation embedded in our oncology clinic alongside standard care. From February 2015 to May 2018, transplant-ineligible patients aged ≥75 years who presented for initial consultation for lymphoma, leukemia, or multiple myeloma at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, MA, USA) were eligible. Pre-frail and frail patients, classified based on phenotypic and deficit-accumulation approaches, were randomized to receive either standard oncologic care with or without consultation with a geriatrician. The primary outcome was 1-year overall survival. Secondary outcomes included unplanned care utilization within 6 months of follow-up and documented end-of-life (EOL) goals-of-care discussions. Clinicians were surveyed as to their impressions of geriatric consultation. One hundred sixty patients were randomized to either geriatric consultation plus standard care (n = 60) or standard care alone (n = 100). The median age of the patients was 80.4 years (standard deviation = 4.2). Of those randomized to geriatric consultation, 48 (80%) completed at least one visit with a geriatrician. Consultation did not improve survival at 1 year compared to standard care (difference: 2.9%, 95% confidence interval: –9.5% to 15.2%, P = 0.65), and did not significantly reduce the incidence of emergency department visits, hospital admissions, or days in hospital. Consultation did improve the odds of having EOL goals-of-care discussions (odds ratio = 3.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 9.41) and was valued by surveyed hematologic-oncology clinicians, with 62.9%–88.2% of them rating consultation as useful in the management of several geriatric domains.
Kolorektales Karzinom: Fehl- und Mangelernährung bei Patienten 75+
Authors: Kolb Gerald
Published: September 2022

Almost two in three patients who are aged 75 years and older and scheduled for surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) are undernourished. Despite evidence that perioperative nutritional management can improve patients outcomes, international guidelines are still insufficiently applied in current practice. In this stepped-wedge cluster-randomized study of five surgical hospitals, we included 147 patients aged 70 years or older with scheduled abdominal surgery for CRC between October 2013 and December 2016. In the intervention condition, an outreach team comprising a geriatrician and a dietician visited patients and staff in surgical wards to assist with the correct application of guidelines. Evaluation, diagnosis, and prescription (according to nutritional status) were considered appropriate and strictly consistent with guidelines in 39.2% of patients in the intervention group compared to only 1.4% in the control group (p = 0.0002). Prescription of oral nutritional supplements during the perioperative period was significantly improved (41.9% vs. 4.1%; p < 0.0001). However, there were no benefits of the intervention on surgical complications or adverse events. A possible benefit of hospital stay reduction will need to be confirmed in further studies. This study highlights the importance of the implementation of quality improvement interventions into current practice for the perioperative nutritional management of older patients with CRC.
Adolescentes y jóvenes en orfandad por desaparición, homicidio y feminicidio: revisión narrativa
Authors: Villanueva-Coronado Alejandra , Pérez-Hernández Elizabeth Aurora , Orozco-Ramírez Luz Adriana
Published: September 2022

(analítico)Este artículo presenta una revisión narrativa de la producción empírica y conceptual en torno a adolescentes y jóvenes en orfandad a causa del homicidio (por feminicidio o desaparición de un progenitor) en América Latina. El objetivo es describir los temas emergentes del fenómeno, los cuales se sistematizan en siete ejes: 1) alteraciones e impacto psicológico; 2) secreto familiar; 3) duelo complicado; 4) estudios sobre la vivencia de la pérdida y la reconstrucción de sí mismo; 5) reestructuración familiar; 6) vulnerabilidad individual y estigmatización; 7) vulneración de los derechos humanos. La investigación con adolescentes y jóvenes es limitada; sin embargo, supone beneficios a ellos y sus familias.
Palabras clave: Orfandad; adolescente; joven; revisión; homicidio; desaparición.
Variants in the
GPR146
Gene Are Associated With a Favorable Cardiometabolic Risk Profile
Authors: Rimbert Antoine , Yeung Ming W. , Dalila Nawar , Thio Chris H.L. , Yu Haojie , Loaiza Natalia , Oldoni Federico , van der Graaf Adriaan , Wang Siqi , Said M. Abdullah , Blauw Lisanne L. , Girardeau Aurore , Bray Lise , Caillaud Amandine , Bloks Vincent W. , Marrec Marie , Moulin Philippe , Rensen Patrick C.N. , van de Sluis Bart , Snieder Harold , Di Filippo Mathilde , van der Harst Pim , Tybjaerg-Hansen Anne , Zimmerman Philip , Cariou Bertrand , Kuivenhoven Jan Albert
Published: September 2022

Background:

In mice, GPR146 (G-protein–coupled receptor 146) deficiency reduces plasma lipids and protects against atherosclerosis. Whether these findings translate to humans is unknown.

Methods:

Common and rare genetic variants in the
GPR146
gene locus were used as research instruments in the UK Biobank. The Lifelines, The Copenhagen-City Heart Study, and a cohort of individuals with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia were used to find and study rare
GPR146
variants.

Results:

In the UK Biobank, carriers of the common rs2362529-C allele present with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apo (apolipoprotein) B, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoAI, CRP (C-reactive protein), and plasma liver enzymes compared with noncarriers. Carriers of the common rs1997243-G allele, associated with higher GPR146 expression, present with the exact opposite phenotype. The associations with plasma lipids of the above alleles are allele dose-dependent. Heterozygote carriers of a rare coding variant (p.Pro62Leu; n=2615), predicted to be damaging, show a stronger reductions in the above parameters compared with carriers of the common rs2362529-C allele. The p.Pro62Leu variant is furthermore shown to segregate with low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a family with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. Compared with controls, carriers of the common rs2362529-C allele show a marginally reduced risk of coronary artery disease (
P
=0.03) concomitant with a small effect size on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (average decrease of 2.24 mg/dL in homozygotes) of this variant. Finally, mendelian randomization analyses suggest a causal relationship between
GPR146
gene expression and plasma lipid and liver enzyme levels.

Conclusions:

This study shows that carriers of new genetic
GPR146
variants have a beneficial cardiometabolic risk profile, but it remains to be shown whether genetic or pharmaceutical inhibition of GPR146 protects against atherosclerosis in humans.
Alert‐Triggered Patient Education Versus Nurse Feedback for Nonadministered Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Doses: A Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Haut Elliott R. , Owodunni Oluwafemi P. , Wang Jiangxia , Shaffer Dauryne L. , Hobson Deborah B. , Yenokyan Gayane , Kraus Peggy S. , Farrow Norma E. , Canner Joseph K. , Florecki Katherine L. , Webster Kristen L.W. , Holzmueller Christine G. , Aboagye Jonathan K. , Popoola Victor O. , Kia Mujan Varasteh , Pronovost Peter J. , Streiff Michael B. , Lau Brandyn D.
Published: September 2022

Background

Many hospitalized patients are not administered prescribed doses of pharmacologic venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.

Methods and Results

In this cluster‐randomized controlled trial, all adult non–intensive care units (10 medical, 6 surgical) in 1 academic hospital were randomized to either a real‐time, electronic alert–triggered, patient‐centered education bundle intervention or nurse feedback intervention to evaluate their effectiveness for reducing nonadministration of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Primary outcome was the proportion of nonadministered doses of prescribed pharmacologic prophylaxis. Secondary outcomes were proportions of nonadministered doses stratified by nonadministration reasons (patient refusal, other). To test our primary hypothesis that both interventions would reduce nonadministration, we compared outcomes pre‐ versus postintervention within each cohort. Secondary hypotheses were tested comparing the effectiveness between cohorts. Of 11 098 patient visits, overall dose nonadministration declined significantly after the interventions (13.4% versus 9.2%; odds ratio [OR], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.57–0.71]). Nonadministration decreased significantly (
P
<0.001) in both arms: patient‐centered education bundle, 12.2% versus 7.4% (OR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.48–0.66]), and nurse feedback, 14.7% versus 11.2% (OR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.62–0.84]). Patient refusal decreased significantly in both arms: patient‐centered education bundle, 7.3% versus 3.7% (OR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.37–0.58]), and nurse feedback, 9.5% versus 7.1% (OR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.59–0.86]). No differential effect occurred on medical versus surgical units. The patient‐centered education bundle was significantly more effective in reducing all nonadministered (
P
=0.03) and refused doses (
P
=0.003) compared with nurse feedback (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.0–1.61];
P
=0.03 for interaction).

Conclusions

Information technology strategies like the alert‐triggered, targeted patient‐centered education bundle, and nurse‐focused audit and feedback can improve venous thromboembolism prophylaxis administration.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03367364.
Record of two rare taxa from Synura genus (Chrysophyceae) with a description of a new species (Synura tiksiensis sp. nov.) near the arctic settlement of Tiksi, Yakutia, Russia
Authors: BESSUDOVA ANNA , GABYSHEV VIKTOR , LIKHOSHWAY YELENA V.
Published: September 2022

A new species Synura tiksiensis (section Petersenianae) is described based on structure of silica scales, observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The new species was recovered from several ponds near the arctic settlement of Tiksi (Yakutia, Russia). Synura tiksiensis scales have a narrow keel with large pores, ending with an acute, round tip, and rounded struts with big pores connected to each other by a parallel rib. Two rare species were found in one of the studied ponds: Synura petersenii f. taymyrensis and S. obesa. The latter was discovered for the first time after the initial finding. The species reassembles S. tiksiensis in scale structure. Described Synura species were found at water temperatures between 14.6–16.7 °C and pH 7.22–7.51.
Values, Contexts, and Realities: Senior Student Affairs Officers’ Decision-Making During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gansemer-Topf Ann M.
Published: September 2022

Senior Student Affairs Officers (SSAOs), whose primary responsibility is the health, safety, and well-being of students, were at the forefront of leading their campuses through the COVID-19 crisis. In Fall 2020 a diverse group of 23 SSAOs was interviewed to understand the contexts and issues that influenced decision-making during the pandemic. A focus on students, alignment with institutional contexts, and financial realities were consistently identified as key influencers of decision-making. Effective decision-making often entails a balancing act of several factors. The implications of this study can be used to inform student affairs practice and the professional development of graduate students and future and current SSAOs.
The Impact of Antithrombotic Medications on Postoperative Bleeding Events Following Hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Dean Katherine R. , Pavuluri Haritha , Fox Sarah , Tan Xiyan , Watson Benjamin , Wallenborn Jacqueline Grace , Blestel George A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Bleeding complications are a risk associated with hemorrhoid procedures. Despite the prevalence of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies, including newer direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in the aging patient population there is a paucity of data regarding the impact of the use of antithrombotic therapy (AT) especially DOACs, on bleeding complications of hemorrhoid procedures.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients who had undergone a total of 1152 procedures, including hemorrhoid excision and ligation, at a single institution in the years 2016-2018. We noted whether they were prescribed AT, the indication for therapy, perioperative medication management, whether a PBE occurred, and how the PBE was managed.

Results

PBE’s were noted in 5.92% of patients on ATs, as opposed to 2.66% of patients not on ATs ( P = .014.) The odds ratio of having a PBE when on ATs vs not on ATs is 2.3 (95% CI 1.21 to 4.38, P = .011). Seven out of 40 (17.5%) total PBE’s required hospital admission or repeat procedure, and this was not associated with AT use. Surprisingly, although males represented most of the patients on ATs, females were statistically more likely to have a PBE following a hemorrhoidectomy if on ATs.

Discussion

Patients on AT have an elevated risk of PBE compared to patients not on AT. No significant difference was found between the two groups when considering only those PBE’s severe enough to require hospital admission or repeat procedure. Further research is required to establish clear guidelines regarding the perioperative management of AT for hemorrhoid procedures.
Determining the Attributes of Short-Term Migration to Kashmir, India
Authors: Shah Farah Farooq , Joshi D P Priyadarshi
Published: September 2022

The research uses data from a multi-stage survey performed in 2019 to evaluate short-term migrants’ characteristics and sectoral transitions in Kashmir. After locating in-migrants in the selected clusters, we randomly selected 253 samples in a 70:30 urban–rural ratio. The IV-Probit is used to identify the features of short-term migration to the valley. Results reveal that short-term migrants are primarily absorbed in construction. In addition, most in-migrants are unskilled and come from marginalised communities. This study contributes to the knowledge on migration in a developing nation like India, particularly in Kashmir. In addition to temporarily increasing the urban inflow, short-term labour migration may assist the family left behind by remitting revenue. Hence, these results are critical for policymaking regarding mobility, urban development and the expanding construction sector.

JEL Codes: J6; C2