bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in medical students
Authors: Barreiro Rocio Belen , Grzona Esteban
Published: April 2023

El presente trabajo buscó evaluar los factores mas influyentes para el desarrollo del Síndrome de Intestino Irritable, por lo que se realizo un estudio transversal a 152 alumnos de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad Abierta Interamericana, durante junio-julio 2020, aplicando diversas variables de las cuales el tabaquismo y  los episodios de gastroenteritis aisladas fueron los factores con mayor relevancia
Impact of acquired immunodeficiency in dermatomycosis. Cases and controls study
Authors: Carnovale Susana , Relloso Silvia , Bendezu Karla , Da Fonseca Scravoni Renan , Lopez Daneri Gabriela , Grzona Esteban
Published: April 2023

Background: In the population of HIV-infected patients, superficial mycoses may have different clinical manifestations, evolution and etiology from those found in the non-HIV population. Objectives: To describe superficial lesions of fungal etiology in HIV-infected patients and compare them with a control group. Materials and methods: 79 patients (25 HIV positive and 54 controls) were evaluated. A card was prepared with data: age, sex, description and location of the lesion, evolution time and previous treatment. Samples of skin and lines of lesions with suspected fungal etiology were taken and a mycological study was performed. Results: A slightly significant difference was observed between HIV reactive patients with respect to the control group in the number of cases of foot Tinea unguium. The clinical presentation of intertrigo was more observed in the group of HIV positive patients. Conclusions: Superficial mycoses are more common infections in HIV reactive patients, with mixed clinical presentations and the difference in CD4 count between the HIV population in successful ARV treatment does not modify the clinical presentation of dermatophytosis
Serological diagnosis in hydatidosis: Searching standardized antigenic support. Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Retamozo Ayelen Rocio Retamozo Ayelen Rocio , Agüero Facundo Ariel , Fuchs Alicia Graciela , Maglioco Andrea
Published: April 2023

Background: Hydatidosis is a worldwide distributed parasitic zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus s.l. In humans, the diagnosis is based on epidemiological nexus, clinical findings, ultrasound images, and second-line serology. Hydatid fluid is the most widely used source of antigens in serology, but it shows high variability. This review analyzes the diagnostic utility of serology for the diagnosis of hydatidosis, particularly ELISA and Western Blot techniques. Material and methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies with data of diagnostic validity. The reference diagnosis was ultrasound and / or parasitological medical finding. The reproducibility in the studies selection and data extraction was guaranteed, the quality was evaluated according to the QUADAS-2 guide, global results and SROC were obtained under a random effects model in Meta-Disc1.4. Results: Forty-one articles published between 1981 and 2019 were included. Elisa was performed in 33 articles; Western Blot was performed in 14 articles and some of the articles included both techniques. The included articles presented high heterogeneity. The SROC parameters were AUC = 0.9511 and Q=0.8919 for ELISA and AUC=0.9693 and Q = 0.9186 for Western Blot. Conclusion: ELISA and Western Blot have good diagnostic accuracy
The potential of the basic research laboratory experience in medical training
Authors: Giraud-Billoud Maximiliano
Published: April 2023

Scientific evidence demonstrates, year after year, the importance of consolidating knowledge through meaningful educational experiences for students. This pedagogical approach focused on learning as the construction of meaning represents a much more profitable experience in the learning process, since it implies an active role of the student, leaving the comfort zone of being a mere receiver of knowledge. In this sense, medical education is increasingly adopting this thinking and is modifying curricular plans and ways of working with students in the search for transforming traditionalist approaches to education into educational forms that accompany the current era of knowledge, crossed by technologies and ubiquitous and autonomous learning
Diferentes condições de armazenamento e 1-metilciclopropeno na conservação pós-colheita de pitaia
Authors: Fernandes Raquel Carlos , Anami Jéssica Mayumi , Espíndola Bruno Pansera , Nohatto Marcos André , Steffens Cristiano André
Published: April 2023

A rápida perecibilidade dos frutos de pitaia exige que sejam adotadas estratégias para prolongar sua vida útil em pós-colheita, a fim de reduzir perdas, manter a qualidade e aumentar o retorno financeiro da atividade econômica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de condições de armazenamento em combinação com a aplicação de 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) sobre a manutenção da qualidade de pitaia vermelha. Os tratamentos avaliados foram armazenamento refrigerado (AR; 21 kPa O2 + 0,03 kPa CO2), atmosfera controlada (AC; 2 kPa O2 + 5 kPa CO2) e atmosfera modificada (AM; bolsas de polietileno de baixa densidade de 40 µm de espessura) combinados ou não com a aplicação de 1-MCP (300 nL.L-1), com quatro repetições por tratamento. Os frutos de todos os tratamentos foram armazenados durante 20 dias a 13 ± 2°C e umidade relativa (UR) de 90 ± 5% seguidos de 3 dias de exposição em condições ambiente (20 ± 3°C e UR de 70 ± 5%). Após o período de prateleira, AC e AM mantiveram frutos com maior ângulo hue. O tratamento de 1-MPC somado a AC e AM proporcionou maior força para penetração da polpa. O AR, a AC e a AM, somadas ao tratamento com 1-MCP, são promissoras tecnologias a serem empregadas no armazenamento de pitaia.
Provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos pelo solo de um fragmento florestal do Brejo Paraibano
Authors: Moro Letícia , Macedo Rodrigo Santana , Lambais Érica Olandini , Lambais George Rodrigues , Bakker Alexandre Pereira de
Published: April 2023

O avanço das atividades agropecuárias sobre os remanescentes de Mata Atlântica de Altitude do Nordeste acarretou na formação de fragmentos de floresta que precisam ser melhor entendidos. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada em um fragmento florestal da Mata do Pau-Ferro no Brejo Paraibano com o objetivo de caracterizar o solo por meio de atributos químicos, físicos, mineralógicos e geoquímicos a fim de avaliar a potencialidade do solo na prestação de serviços ambientais. Foram coletadas amostras de um Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico húmico na camada de 0 a 20 cm de profundidade e carreadas as análises. Os resultados demonstraram que as propriedades do solo influenciam diretamente a oferta de serviços ecossistêmicos especialmente os de suporte, regulação, provisão e culturais. Dentre as propriedades destacam-se os teores de nutrientes essenciais, estoque de carbono, minerais que podem fornecer nutrientes no longo prazo, textura, densidade e teores de matéria orgânica que favorecem armazenamento de água e adequado desenvolvimento de espécies vegetais.
Effects of using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes L.) in the Diet of Swamp Buffaloes on Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Environment, Purine Derivatives, and Nitrogen Retention
Authors: Kim Dong Nguyen Thi , Thu Nguyen Van
Published: April 2023

The present experiment aims to evaluate the effects of incremental levels of water hyacinth (WH) in Para grass (Brachiaria mutica) based on the diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention of growing swamp buffaloes. Four male buffaloes of 305 ± 8.40 kg were allocated in a 4x4 Latin square design. The treatments were 25, 50, 75, and 100% WH (DM basis), replacing the Para grass (PG) corresponding to WH25, WH50, WH75, and WH100 treatment. Urea-molasses cake was used to supply the dietary crude protein intake so that this was 210 g/100 kg live weight per day for all the treatments (DM basis). The results showed that although the dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and metabolizable energy (ME) intake were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the treatments, these were numerically higher for the WH50 treatment. Especially in the daily ME intake (MJ/k g LW) was 39.1, 43.4, 41.7, and 39.9 for the WH25, WH50, WH75, and WH100 treatments, respectively. With 50% WH replacing PG in the diet, it gave potential for better nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and daily weight gain in the present study. In conclusion, WH could be used to replace PG in buffalo diet up to 100%. At a level of 50% replacement of WH to PG in the buffalo, the diet was optimum based on the utilization of nutrients and energy of WH, lower feed cost, and environmental improvement.
Surgical treatment of postauricular hidradenitis suppurativa with delayed diagnosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kang Inho , Jung Gyu Yong , Yong Min Jun , Ahn Yujin , Lee Joon Ho
Published: April 2023

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that is difficult to diagnose, with a period of 10.0± 9.6 years from symptom onset to diagnosis. A 32-year-old Asian man presented with bilateral postauricular abscesses that first appeared 5 years previously. Despite several incisions and drainage, the symptoms only temporarily improved and continued to recur. On physical examination, chronic scars and sinus tracts were observed around the lesion. Postauricular HS was diagnosed, and surgical treatment was performed. We performed a wide excision and reconstructed the defect using a posterior auricular artery perforator-based keystone flap. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of HS. The reconstruction was successful, and there was no recurrence for 2 years after surgery. HS is difficult to diagnose without specific attention. Although the postauricular region is not a typical site of HS, it can occur in this area. Therefore, if a patient presents with recurrent abscesses in the postauricular region, HS should be considered. Additionally, if HS is diagnosed in the postauricular region, wide excision with reconstruction using a posterior auricular artery perforator-based keystone flap can lead to a favorable outcome.
Exploring the Arctic deep-sea by color filters
Authors: Os Vibeke , Zimmermann Heike Jane , Panieri Giuliana
Published: April 2023

Focus:

To get to know some of the creatures in the deep-sea that use color and the lack of light to camouflage themselves.

Learning objectives:

With these TWO activities, we use vision to explore life forms in the deep sea which have adapted to extreme conditions. Through the activities, the pupils will also become familiar with some organisms well-hidden at the bottom of the ocean.

Key words:

Camouflage strategies, Deep sea ocean, Physical effects of light, Characteristics of sea lifeforms
Cold seeps symphony
Authors: Losleben Lisa Katrin , Clerici Monica , Holm Villads , Panieri Giuliana
Published: April 2023

Focus:
To listen to the Arctic Ocean’s sounds and to learn about the Arctic Ocean’s biodiversity, particularly near cold seeps. We will experiment with creating new sound expressions inspired by the Ocean. For pupils with hearing impairment, pupils can create a bodily expression of this and/or use instruments they are comfortable with.
Learning objectives:
With this activity pupils will start to understand:

The multitude of sounds audible in the Ocean and near to cold seeps at the sea-bed.
That the oceans, including the Arctic Ocean, harbors great biodiversity.
What an oceanographic ship is, and the anthropic sounds related to it.

Key words:
Ocean research, exploration, human/non-human relationship within ocean, sounds, place, noise.
A journey to a cold seep
Authors: Mohadjer Solmaz , Aune Vibeke , Panieri Giuliana , Oddone Davide
Published: April 2023

Focus:

Where are and what happens at cold seeps and how scientists study them.

Learning objectives:

After this lesson, students should be able to:

Relate different datasets by observing and describing scientific maps

Differentiate between carbon dioxide and methane gas

Clarify misconceptions about greenhouse gas

Explain what cold seeps are and why most gas/methane hydrates

occur at continental margins

Describe some of the methods scientists use to locate and study

methane/gas hydrates

Prerequisites:

Prior to this lesson, students should be familiar with understanding maps, molecular structure and bonding, and the greenhouse effect and gases.

Key words:

Arctic Ocean, Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Gas Hydrate, Cold Seep, Greenhouse Gases.
Human impact: Plastic pollution
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita , Panieri Giuliana
Published: April 2023

Focus:

To comprehend that plastic pollution is a major problem and is having an impact on oceans everywhere. These impacts are seen on beaches and shorelines and all the way to the deepest places in the ocean.

Learning objectives:

In this activity, pupils will gain an appreciation for the extent of plastic pollution in and around oceans. They will start to understand how plastic pollution can have a negative impact on life below the surface of the sea.

Key words:

Ocean pollution, plastics, microplastics.
Value of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT and HRCT in predicting the differentiation degree of lung adenocarcinoma dominated by solid density
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Li Ping , Zhang Minghui , Wang Xuewei , Wang Dalong
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) combined with high-resolution CT (HRCT) in determining the degree of differentiation of lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

From January 2018 to January 2022, 88 patients with solid density nodules that are lung adenocarcinoma were surgically treated. All patients were examined using HRCT and PET/CT before surgery. During HRCT, two independent observers assessed the presence of lobulation, spiculation, pleural indentation, vascular convergence, and air bronchial signs (bronchial distortion and bronchial disruption). The diameter and CT value of the nodules were measured simultaneously. During PET/CT, the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), mean standard uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the nodules were measured. The risk factors of pathological classification were predicted by logistic regression analysis.

Results

All 88 patients (mean age 60 ± 8 years; 44 males and 44 females) were evaluated. The average nodule size was 2.6 ± 1.1 cm. The univariate analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), pleural indentation, vascular convergence, bronchial distortion, and higher SUVmax were more common in poor differentiated lung adenocarcinoma, and in the multivariate analysis, pleural indentation, vascular convergence, and SUVmax were predictive factors. The combined diagnosis using these three factors showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.735.

Conclusion

SUVmax >6.99 combined with HRCT (pleural indentation sign and vascular convergence sign) is helpful to predict the differentiation degree of lung adenocarcinoma dominated by solid density.
Invasive Plant Species in Ghana: Route of Spread, Socio-Economic and Environmental Impact
Authors: Dwomoh Joshua , Ofori Samuel Ayetibo , Frimpong Dennis Kwabena , Osei Charles Nyarko , Adongo Eldith , Appiah Stephen
Published: April 2023

Globally, there has been a rapid increase in biodiversity loss, these losses have been attributed to habitat loss and invasive flora and fauna species. Extensive work has been done on the losses brought about by invasive fauna species, however, the impact of invasive flora species has less been explored in Ghana. This review focused on the various alien plant species found in Ghana and the factors that support their spread, establishment, and colonization. Findings indicate that the common invasive plants in Ghana are Chromolaema odorata, Calopogonium mucunoides, Cedrella ordorata, Leucaena leucocephala, Broussonetia papyrifera and Prosopis glasdulosa, Azardiracta indica, Echinochloa colona, and Leucaena leucocephala. The economic losses and environmental impact of these plant species were also reviewed. This review revealed that there is an urgent need to initiate interventions to control the rapid spread of invasive plant species, those measures should be cost-effective and eco-friendly.
Comparison of Research Spending on New Drug Approvals by the National Institutes of Health vs the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2010-2019
Authors: Galkina Cleary Ekaterina , Jackson Matthew J. , Zhou Edward W. , Ledley Fred D.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Government and the pharmaceutical industry make substantive contributions to pharmaceutical innovation. This study compared the investments by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and industry and estimated the cost basis for assessing the balance of social and private returns.

Objectives

To compare NIH and industry investments in recent drug approvals.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study of NIH funding associated with drugs approved by the FDA from 2010 to 2019 was conducted from May 2020 to July 2022 and accounted for basic and applied research, failed clinical candidates, and discount rates for government spending compared with analogous estimates of industry investment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Costs from the NIH for research associated with drug approvals.

Results

Funding from the NIH was contributed to 354 of 356 drugs (99.4%) approved from 2010 to 2019 totaling $187 billion, with a mean (SD) $1344.6 ($1433.1) million per target for basic research on drug targets and $51.8 ($96.8) million per drug for applied research on products. Including costs for failed clinical candidates, mean (SD) NIH costs were $1441.5 ($1372.0) million per approval or $1730.3 ($1657.6) million per approval, estimated with a 3% discount rate. The mean (SD) NIH spending was $2956.0 ($3106.3) million per approval with a 10.5% cost of capital, which estimates the cost savings to industry from NIH spending. Spending and approval by NIH for 81 first-to-target drugs was greater than reported industry spending on 63 drugs approved from 2010 to 2019 (difference, −$1998.4 million; 95% CI, −$3302.1 million to −$694.6 million; P = .003). Spending from the NIH was not less than industry spending considering clinical failures, a 3% discount rate for NIH spending, and a 10.5% cost of capital for the industry (difference, −$1435.3 million; 95% CI, −$3114.6 million to $244.0 million; P = .09) or when industry spending included prehuman research (difference, −$1394.8 million; 95% CI, −$3774.8 million to $985.2 million; P = .25). Accounting for spillovers of NIH-funded basic research on drug targets to multiple products, NIH costs were $711.3 million with a 3% discount rate, which was less than the range of reported industry costs with 10.5% cost of capital.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cross-sectional study found that NIH investment in drugs approved from 2010 to 2019 was not less than investment by the pharmaceutical industry, with comparable accounting for basic and applied research, failed clinical trials, and cost of capital or discount rates. The relative scale of NIH and industry investment may provide a cost basis for calibrating the balance of social and private returns from investments in pharmaceutical innovation.
Medicine in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Brender Teva D.
Published: April 2023

This Perspective envisions a world where artificial intelligence is integrated into health care.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outcomes Among Newborns with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Sferra Shelby R. , Salvi Pooja S. , Penikis Annalise B. , Weller Jennine H. , Canner Joseph K. , Guo Matthew , Engwall-Gill Abigail J. , Rhee Daniel S. , Collaco Joseph M. , Keiser Amaris M. , Solomon Daniel G. , Kunisaki Shaun M.
Published: April 2023

Importance

There is some data to suggest that racial and ethnic minority infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have poorer clinical outcomes.

Objective

To determine what patient- and institutional-level factors are associated with racial and ethnic differences in CDH mortality.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Multicenter cohort study of 49 US children’s hospitals using the Pediatric Health Information System database from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020. Participants were patients with CDH admitted on day of life 0 who underwent surgical repair. Patient race and ethnicity were guardian-reported vs hospital assigned as Black, Hispanic (White or Black), or White. Data were analyzed from August 2021 to March 2022.

Exposures

Patient race and ethnicity: (1) White vs Black and (2) White vs Hispanic; and institutional-level diversity (as defined by the percentage of Black and Hispanic patients with CDH at each hospital): (1) 30% or less, (2) 31% to 40%, and (3) more than 40%.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were in-hospital and 60-day mortality. The study hypothesized that hospitals managing a more racially and ethnically diverse population of patients with CDH would be associated with lower mortality among Black and Hispanic infants.

Results

Among 1565 infants, 188 (12%), 306 (20%), and 1071 (68%) were Black, Hispanic, and White, respectively. Compared with White infants, Black infants had significantly lower gestational ages (mean [SD], White: 37.6 [2] weeks vs Black: 36.6 [3] weeks; difference, 1 week; 95% CI for difference, 0.6-1.4; P < .001), lower birthweights (White: 3.0 [1.0] kg vs Black: 2.7 [1.0] kg; difference, 0.3 kg; 95% CI for difference, 0.2-0.4; P < .001), and higher extracorporeal life support use (White: 316 patients [30%] vs Black: 69 patients [37%]; χ21 = 3.9; P = .05). Black infants had higher 60-day (White: 99 patients [9%] vs Black: 29 patients [15%]; χ21 = 6.7; P = .01) and in-hospital (White: 133 patients [12%] vs Black: 40 patients [21%]; χ21 = 10.6; P = .001) mortality . There were no mortality differences in Hispanic patients compared with White patients. On regression analyses, institutional diversity of 31% to 40% in Black patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04-0.78; P = .02) and diversity greater than 40% in Hispanic patients (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.89; P = .03) were associated with lower mortality without altering outcomes in White patients.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of 1565 who underwent surgical repair patients with CDH, Black infants had higher 60-day and in-hospital mortality after adjusting for disease severity. Hospitals treating a more racially and ethnically diverse patient population were associated with lower mortality in Black and Hispanic patients.
Hydrometallation of Conjugated 1,3‐Diynes
Authors: Walkowiak Jędrzej , Franczyk Adrian , Szyling Jakub , Stefanowska Kinga
Published: April 2023

Hydrometallation reactions are a powerful tool in the synthesis of saturated and unsaturated organometallic compounds, which are commonly used as synthons in organic chemistry and components of new materials. The addition of the HE bond to different unsaturated compounds possessing the CC triple and double bonds, as well as CO, CN, has been broadly described in many reviews in recent decades. More challenging compounds like, for instance, conjugated 1,3‐diynes, which furnish enynes, dienes, allenes, polymers, or cyclic products in the hydrometallation reactions have recently started to attract attention as important building blocks in the synthesis offine chemicals. The possibility of obtaining a specific molecule with strictly defined regio‐ and stereoselectivity is highly attractive for various branches of chemistry, but on the other hand, it is a demanding synthetic task. Within this article, we would like to introduce readers to the subject of hydrometallation of conjugated 1,3‐diynes, which generates various products depending on the reaction conditions, the type of catalyst, and the electronic and steric properties of reagents. This article is divided according to the type of hydrometallation reaction (hydromagnesation, hydroboration, hydroalumination, hydrosilylation, hydrogermylation, hydrostannation, and hydrotelluration) as well as the type of product formed (enynes, dienes, cyclic compounds, and polymers) and process regio‐ and stereoselectivity. The idea is to provide a guidebook, which will be helpful in the preparation of a specific product depending on the hydrometallation reaction and process conditions.
Escherichia coli
Class II Hybrid Cluster Protein, HCP
Authors: Fujishiro Takashi
Published: April 2023

Escherichia coli
hybrid cluster protein (
Ec
HCP) belongs to class II of the HCP family that harbors an iron–sulfur–oxygen (Fe–S–O) cluster as its active site for the reduction of hydroxylamine to ammonia. Like the other class II HCPs,
Ec
HCP uniquely exhibits a long N‐terminal Cys‐rich motif compared with the other classes (class I and III) of HCPs and exclusively utilizes HCP reductase (HCR) as an electron‐transfer partner protein. Structural and functional analyses of
Ec
HCP revealed the characteristic features of class II HCPs, especially the uniqueness of the N‐terminal Cys‐rich motif and its surroundings. Notably, the
Ec
HCP has an N‐terminal [4Fe–4S] cluster rather than a [2Fe–2S] cluster, which had long been believed to be present. The binding mode of the N‐terminal [4Fe–4S] cluster to class II
Ec
HCP is similar to that of class I HCPs: the N‐terminal [4Fe–4S] cluster is coordinated by four conserved Cys ligands. In contrast, the N‐terminal loop structure of class II
Ec
HCP was different from that of class I HCPs.
Ec
HCP has a protruded loop structure in the N‐terminal region and a hydrophobic environment, whereas class I HCPs do not. This uniqueness of the N‐terminal region of
Ec
HCP was critical for the electron transfer reaction involving the formation of
Ec
HCP‐
Ec
HCR complex with its suitable orientation for electron transfer.
Integrated vehicle control using adaptive control allocation
Authors: Temiz Ozan , Cakmakci Melih , Yildiz Yildiray
Published: April 2023

The focus of this paper is an integrated, fault‐tolerant vehicle control algorithm for the overall stability of ground vehicles. The proposed scheme comprises a high‐level controller that creates a virtual control input and a low‐level adaptive control allocator that distributes the virtual control effort among redundant actuators. The proposed control framework distinguishes itself from earlier results in the literature by its ability to blend active suspension, steering and traction control channels, in the presence of uncertainties and time‐varying dynamics, without the need for fault identification. The control structure is validated in the simulation environment using a fourteen‐degree‐of‐freedom non‐linear vehicle model. The integrated controller is compared to the case of a conventional control approach where each control problem is solved separately. Our results show that, compared to the conventional approach, the proposed method ensures that the vehicle follows driver inputs with up to % higher longitudinal maneuver velocity, despite the presence of actuator failures and slippery road conditions. Furthermore, to demonstrate the benefit of integrating active suspension control to the overall control scheme, we replaced the suspension control of the proposed approach with an independent suspension control system for comparison purposes. We then showed that the integrated case provided % lower roll angle deviation, and % lower pitch angle deviation, in the presence of actuator effectiveness loss and adverse road conditions.
Sweeps targeting people experiencing homelessness worsen health, OD rates
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: April 2023

Policies that allow local authorities to conduct “sweeps” to force relocation of individuals experiencing homelessness can have dire consequences, including decreased initiation of medication treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) and increased overdoses, a new study suggests.
“Hope Ambassadors” bring stories of recovery to Summit
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2023

Carl Varney and Shannon Hall — two men from eastern Kentucky with severe opioid use disorder (OUD) in the past — praised their recovery at Teen Challenge, a Christian faith‐based, abstinence‐based treatment program. We don't hear enough about this aspect of treatment, which, although controversial because it is faith‐based and abstinence‐based and not welcome in many states, works for some people. Here is Varney's story, which he told to ADAW at the Rx and Illicit Drug Summit last month.
Flash and Breakdown: Thermal Runaway and Dielectric Breakdown as Competing Mechanisms During Flash Sintering of Barium Titanate
Authors: Lewin Daniil , Michiels Ivo , Fathabad Sobhan Mohammadi , Kröll Eva , Menze Karl-Heinz , Lupascu Doru C.
Published: April 2023

Herein, hot‐spot generation in bulk barium titanate samples is investigated during controlled current ramping at various rates using in situ dilatometry. The incubation of the flash event is separated from dielectric breakdown at high current densities, which has previously been attributed to cause flash incubation in barium titanate. The lower boundary of the onset temperature of the flash event in barium titanate is investigated through conventional flash experiments at high electric fields. Despite incubating through thermal runaway, the lower boundary does not coincide with the Debye temperature of barium titanate.
Critical Review of Fluorinated Electrolytes for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Zhongzhe , Chen Yufang , Yun Xiaoru , Gao Peng , Zheng Chunman , Xiao Peitao
Published: April 2023

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), due to their ultra‐high energy density, are attracting tremendous attentions. However, their commercial application is severely impeded by poor safety and unsatisfactory cycling stability, which are induced by lithium dendrites, side reactions, and inferior anodic stability. Electrolytes, as the indispensable and necessary components in lithium metal batteries, play a crucial role in regulating the electrochemical performance of LMBs. Recently, the fluorinated electrolytes are widely investigated in high‐performance LMBs. Thus, the design strategies of fluorinated electrolytes are thoroughly summarized, including fluorinated salts, fluorinated solvents, and fluorinated additives in LMBs, and insights of the fluorinated components in suppressing lithium dendrites, improving anodic stability and cycling stability. Finally, an outlook with several design strategies and challenges will be proposed for novel fluorinated electrolytes.
Cascade‐Responsive “Oxidative Stress Amplifiers” Simultaneously Destroy Lysosomes and Co‐Deliver CRISPR/Cas9 to Enhance Oxidative Damage in Tumor
Authors: Liang Yan , Han Wenshuai , Xu Chenlu , Wang Jinjin , Zhang Jingge , An Jingyi , Liu Wei , Liu Junjie , Zhang Zhenzhong , Shi Jinjin , Zhang Kaixiang
Published: April 2023

Amplifying intracellular oxidative stress by organelle‐targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production combined with tumor cell‐specific gene disruption is a promising strategy for tumor treatment. However, due to the vulnerability of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to ROS, co‐delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs and ROS generators to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to oxidative stress remains challenging. Herein, a cascade‐responsive “oxidative stress amplifier” (named DR‐TAF‐pHT/FA) is proposed, which can successively respond to cathepsin B, localized laser irradiation and ATP to generate ROS on the lysosomal membrane of tumor cells and release Cas9/sgNrf2 RNPs for efficient gene disruption. It is demonstrated that, under near infrared (NIR) irradiation, DR‐TAF‐pHT/FA achieves targeted rupture of lysosomal membranes, inducing significant intracellular oxidative stress. Meanwhile, due to the protective function of TAF coating (TA‐Fe3+ coordination self‐assembled networks), Cas9/sgNrf2 RNPs can safely escape into the cytoplasm and be released in response to ATP, further amplifying oxidative stress and promoting tumor cell apoptosis through efficient Nrf2 gene disruption. Treatment with DR‐TAF‐pHT/FA + NIR significantly improves tumor ablation efficiency and extends median survival time (over 70 days) in Hela xenograft models. This “oxidative stress amplifier” provides a new paradigm for multimodal and synergistic tumor therapy through precise lysosomal membrane bursting together with efficient Nrf2 gene disruption.
Cobweb‐Inspired Microenvironment‐Targeting Nanosystem with Sequential Multiple‐Stage Stimulus‐Response Capacity for Ischaemic Tissue Repair
Authors: Ding Xiaoyu , Xing Xiaowen , Liu Jianfeng , Zhu Pengchong , Wang Cui , Bai Rui , Kong Bo , Zeng Chuyang , Zhang Wei , Yue Yin , Zhang Haitao , Xiang Jiajia , Yuan Zengqiang , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: April 2023

Myocardial ischaemia is pathologically complicated; various changes in intracellular and extracellular microenvironments make it essential to develop a smart drug system with multiple stimulus responses to adapt to the complex process. Inspired by the cobweb, this study designs a microreticular nanosystem that adheres to tissue and is sequentially responsive to multiple stimuli in the ischaemic microenvironment. The nanosystem is fabricated from hyaluronic acid (HA), ROS‐responsive B‐PDEA, and hypoxia‐sensitive VEGF‐expressing plasmids (EPODNA) through electrostatic interactions. After intramyocardial injection, the tissue‐adhesive property of the nanosystem will significantly decrease its acute loss from the injection site. Extracellularly, the microreticular nanosystem first responds to activated hyaluronidase (hyal), releasing HA for microenvironment regulation and B‐PDEA/DNA nanoparticles (NP) with high transfection efficiency for cardiac cells. Intracellularly, ROS sequentially induced B‐PDEA/DNA NP dissociation, consuming some ROS to attenuate oxidative stress and releasing DNA to promote its expression. Meanwhile, local hypoxia significantly activates VEGF expression in plasmids for myocardial revascularization and repair. The function of the microreticular nanosystem is systematically evaluated in vitro. In a rat model of myocardial infarction, treatment with the microreticular nanosystem significantly promotes functional and structural improvements. Collectively, the study provides a promising smart nanosystem to promote tissue repair after complex damage.
Room Temperature Spin‐Phonon Coupling in Cr2O3Nanocrystals
Authors: Testa‐Anta Martín , Majcherkiewicz Julia N. , Xu Kai , Goñi Alejandro R. , Salgueiriño Verónica
Published: April 2023

In this study, nanocrystals of antiferromagnetic Cr2O3are shown via Raman spectroscopy to display peculiar lattice dynamics in terms of phonon softening and the occurrence of an exceptionally strong spin‐phonon coupling. This effect, which is observed to persist well above the onset of the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature, is ascribed to locally correlated spin fluctuations due to the modulation of the magnetic exchange interactions as the chromium atoms oscillate about their equilibrium position. It is found that the spin‐phonon coupling strength is governed by the competing antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions, where changes in the surface spin configuration can also play a crucial role. Overall, this work proves the size dependence of the interplay between the crystalline and magnetic structures in 3D antiferromagnets varying the surface‐to‐volume ratio and helps establish the fundamentals for a spin‐phonon coupling engineering at the nanoscale via a simple route in a very stable and easy to synthesize material. More importantly, it demonstrates the possibility of coupling phononic excitations with the magnetization dynamics at room temperature, offering a highly prospective nanomaterial for the design of novel magnonic devices.
The Interaction of Amines with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Lyu Yanchao , Becerril Lucia Morillas , Vanzan Mirko , Corni Stefano , Cattelan Mattia , Granozzi Gaetano , Frasconi Marco , Rajak Piu , Banerjee Pritam , Ciancio Regina , Mancin Fabrizio , Scrimin Paolo
Published: April 2023

Understanding the interactions between amines and the surface of gold nanoparticles is important because of their role in the stabilization of the nanosystems, in the formation of the protein corona, and in the preparation of semisynthetic nanozymes. By using fluorescence spectroscopy, electrochemistry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and molecular simulation, a detailed picture of these interactions is obtained. Herein, it is shown that amines interact with surface Au(0) atoms of the nanoparticles with their lone electron pair with a strength linearly correlating with their basicity corrected for steric hindrance. The kinetics of binding depends on the position of the gold atoms (flat surfaces or edges) while the mode of binding involves a single Au(0) with nitrogen sitting on top of it. A small fraction of surface Au(I) atoms, still present, is reduced by the amines yielding a much stronger Au(0)–RN.+ (RN., after the loss of a proton) interaction. In this case, the mode of binding involves two Au(0) atoms with a bridging nitrogen placed between them. Stable Au nanoparticles, as those required for robust semisynthetic nanozymes preparation, are better obtained when the protein is involved (at least in part) in the reduction of the gold ions.
Gate‐Tunable Photovoltaic Efficiency in Graphene‐Sandwiched PdSe2 Photodetectors with Restrained Carrier Recombination
Authors: Chen Tianhong , Xiao Long , Liu Yuan , Wang Junzhuan , Wang Xinran , Wang Xiaomu , Yan Shancheng , Shi Yi
Published: April 2023

The exploration of various two‐dimensional (2D) materials provides a promising platform for constructing van der Waals heterojunction (vdWH) photovoltaic devices. The photovoltaic efficiency of such devices is still a challenge due to the recombination of photogenerated carriers resulting from the intrinsic doping property of materials. Here, PdSe2‐based graphene‐sandwiched vertical devices with high photovoltaic efficiency are constructed. As the graphene‐sandwiched structure limits the diffusion length to tens of nanometers, the carrier recombination during diffusion is spontaneously reduced. Moreover, due to the low‐resistance contact of graphene/PdSe2, the Fermi level and carrier density of PdSe2 can still be significantly tuned by gate voltage, which leads to a sharp enhancement of built‐in field and photovoltaic effect. As a result, the Gr/PdSe2/MoS2/Gr vdWH photovoltaic device shows a high power conversion efficiency of 3.9% and an open circuit voltage of 0.6 V under 650 nm laser illumination at room temperature. The present work provides an efficient scheme for the design of high‐efficiency 2D material photovoltaic devices.
TEMPO Mediated Cyclopropanols Ring Opening C−N Cross‐Coupling with Nitrogen Nucleophiles
Authors: Zhan Jun‐Long , Zhu Lin , Ren Wei , Wang Bing‐Jie , Zhao Xin‐Ming , Zhang Xin‐Ru , Zhang Xin‐Yu , Xie Yao‐Qiang
Published: April 2023

A feasible and umpolung strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse β‐amino ketones has been achieved through TEMPO mediated C−N coupling of cyclopropanols with nitrogen nucleophiles. Mechanism studies indicated that in situ generated enones derived from cyclopropanols are the key intermediates and TEMPO play multiple roles, including radical initiator, trapping reagent, a porter of β‐hydrogen and an in situ base. This protocol features broad substrate scope, good scalability and good to excellent yields and provides an alternative and complementary approach to the synthesis of structurally important β‐amino ketone scaffolds under metal and additive‐free conditions.

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Composite Nanoplatforms Based on Nanocalcium Peroxide for Cancer Treatment: From Monotherapy to Combination Therapy
Authors: Hu Xinze , Liu Jiale , Wang Yuxin , Xu Boyu , Gongye Jingxian , Liu Yanduo , Sun Tiedong , Liu Liping , Wang Xijin
Published: April 2023

Nano‐CaO2, with its multifunctional properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for tumor therapy. Its ability to release Ca2+ and H2O2 into the tumor microenvironment has positively modulated abnormal calcium signaling and kinetic therapy. Moreover, the indirectly produced O22− by CaO2 can alleviate hypoxic conditions. On the one hand, the accumulation of Ca2+ can lead to various tumor cell apoptosis events, such as calcium overload and tumor calcification. On the other hand, the released H2O2 can convert into more toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) via exogenous stimulation and endogenous regulation, thereby making nano‐CaO2 a versatile tool in modern medicine, exhibiting its invaluable and irreplaceable medical value in tumor therapy. Hence, a comprehensive review of the recent advances in the nano‐CaO2 platform is imperative. This review provides an overview of the conventional synthesis strategies for nano‐CaO2. It elucidates the potential role of the nano‐CaO2 nanoplatforms in various tumor treatment strategies, including monotherapy and combination therapy, in detail. Given the remarkable outcomes achieved to date and the challenges that of future clinical translation, this work predicts the future research directions. This review will encourage further development of the metal oxide nanomedicine family, epitomized by nano‐CaO2.
Evacuation Simulation of a Passenger Ship Fire Based on a Modified Cellular Automaton
Authors: Liu Linfan , Zhang Huajun , Shi Jun , Geng Jianning
Published: April 2023

This study proposes a modified cellular automaton to simulate passenger ship fire evacuation. A fire dynamics simulator (FDS) is used to simulate the firing process for the passenger ship. The generated carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, temperature, and visibility are converted into equivalent lengths and input to the equivalent field of the modified cellular automaton. The fire field is applied to keep the evacuees away from the fire. And game theory is adopted to solve the conflict in the choice of route for evacuees. With or without fire on the passenger ship, three different evacuees’ densities are used to study the influence of different proportions of evacuees who are familiar with exits during the evacuation time. The positions of exits are also studied. The results show that when the fire release rate increases from 3000 to 8000 kW s−2 for the same evacuation scenario, the earliest time that evacuees are in danger is 50% earlier. The impact of fire on evacuees is greater than that of evacuees’ density. In the case of two close exits or exits close to the bulkheads, the congestion near exits is obvious and has the greatest effect on the evacuation time of the high evacuees’ density.
Focused Epicranial Brain Stimulation by Spatial Sculpting of Pulsed Electric Fields Using High Density Electrode Arrays
Authors: Jain Vishal , Forssell Mats , Tansel Derya Z. , Goswami Chaitanya , Fedder Gary K. , Grover Pulkit , Chamanzar Maysamreza
Published: April 2023

Transcranial electrical neuromodulation of the central nervous system is used as a non‐invasive method to induce neural and behavioral responses, yet targeted non‐invasive electrical stimulation of the brain with high spatial resolution remains elusive. This work demonstrates a focused, steerable, high‐density epicranial current stimulation (HD‐ECS) approach to evoke neural activity. Custom‐designed high‐density (HD) flexible surface electrode arrays are employed to apply high‐resolution pulsed electric currents through skull to achieve localized stimulation of the intact mouse brain. The stimulation pattern is steered in real time without physical movement of the electrodes. Steerability and focality are validated at the behavioral, physiological, and cellular levels using motor evoked potentials (MEPs), intracortical recording, and c‐fos immunostaining. Whisker movement is also demonstrated to further corroborate the selectivity and steerability. Safety characterization confirmed no significant tissue damage following repetitive stimulation. This method can be used to design novel therapeutics and implement next‐generation brain interfaces.
Threshold Switching by Bipolar Avalanche Multiplication in Ovonic Chalcogenide Glasses
Authors: Fantini Paolo , Polino Nicola , Ghetti Andrea , Ielmini Daniele
Published: April 2023

An ovonic threshold switch (OTS) based on chalcogenide glasses finds application as a selecting device in storage class memory (SCM) arrays. The OTS operation relies on the threshold switching, where the device switches from the off to the on state without phase transition, then the device turns off almost immediately as the voltage is reduced below a certain holding value. The physics behind the switching phenomenon has attracted wide interest due to the complicated interplay between electronic transport, joule heating and phase transition. In this work, it is shown that the current‐voltage characteristic close to the switching point carries the fingerprint of carrier multiplication. The physical mechanism of threshold switching is then explained by bipolar impact ionization leading to avalanche multiplication, which in turn gives rise to the typical S‐shaped characteristic. Numerical simulations by this physics‐based model account for the measured switching properties, namely threshold voltage and current, at various chalcogenide thicknesses and compositions. These results provide the theoretical framework for future design and optimization of OTS in memory and computing applications.
Novel Reliability Method Validation for Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Gaidai Oleg , Wang Fang , Xing Yihan , Balakrishna Rajiv
Published: April 2023

Wind turbines and associated parts are susceptible to cyclic stresses, including torque, bending, and longitudinal stress, and twisting moments. Therefore, research on the resilience of dynamic systems under such high loads is crucial for design and future risk‐free operations. The method described in this study is beneficial for multidimensional structural responses that have undergone sufficient numerical simulation or measurement. In contrast to established dependability methodologies, the unique technique does not need to restart the numerical simulation each time the system fails. Herein, it is demonstrated that it is also possible to accurately predict the probability of a system failure in the event of a measurable structural reaction. In contrast to well‐established bivariate statistical methods, which are known to predict extreme response levels for 2D systems accurately, this study validates a novel structural reliability method that is particularly suitable for multidimensional structural responses. In contrast to conventional methods, the novel reliability approach does not invoke a multidimensional reliability function in the Monte Carlo numerical simulation case. As demonstrated in this study, it is also possible to accurately anticipate the likelihood of a system failure in the case of a measurable structural reaction.