bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized flow cytometric detection of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) in human hematological malignancies
Authors: Omari Sofia A. , Geraghty Dominic P. , Khalafallah Alhossain A. , Venkat Pooja , Shegog Yvette M. , Ragg Scott J. , de Bock Charles E. , Adams Murray J.
Published: April 2022

The ectopic overexpression of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) has been detected in numerous solid cancers, including breast, prostate, pancreatic, and tongue epithelium cancer. However, the expression of TRPV1 in hematological malignancies remains unknown. Here we show through in silico analysis that elevated TRPV1 mRNA expression occurs in a range of hematological malignancies and presents an optimized flow cytometry method to rapidly assess TRPV1 protein expression for both cell lines and primary patient samples. Three anti-TRPV1 antibodies were evaluated for intracellular TRPV1 detection using flow cytometry resulting in an optimized protocol for the evaluation of TRPV1 in hematological malignant cell lines and patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Overexpression of TRPV1 was observed in THP-1 (acute monocytic leukemia) and U266B1 (multiple myeloma, MM), but not U937 (histiocytic lymphoma) compared to healthy PBMC. TRPV1 was also detected in all 49 patients including B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL), MM, and others and 20 healthy controls. TRPV1 expression was increased in 8% of patients (MM = 2, B-NHL = 2). In conclusion, we provide an optimized flow cytometry method for routine expression analysis of clinical samples and show that TRPV1 is increased in a subset of patients with hematological malignancies.
The Spanish adaptation of the relationship power inventory
Authors: Alonso-Ferres María , Serrano-Montilla Celia , Valor-Segura Inmaculada , Expósito Francisca
Published: April 2022

Power dynamics are fundamental when negotiating conflicts. However, no instrument for measuring power in romantic relationships has been adequately adapted to Spanish culture. The goal of this research was to adapt the Relationship Power Inventory (RPI; Farrell et al., 2015) to Spanish culture and language, filling this gap by providing a rigorous instrument for evaluating this construct. Study 1 was conducted to obtain evidence based on Spanish adaptation of RPI content. Once the Spanish adaptation of the RPI was built and we obtained validity evidence based on the test content, in Study 2, the scale was administered to two different samples of the adult population following a cross-validation approach. Specifically, in Sample 1 (N = 400), the training sample, a statistical analysis and an exploration of the dimensional structure and reliability of the measure were carried out. In Sample 2 (N = 755), the validation sample, the internal structure of the scale was confirmed, and evidence of external validity and generalization was obtained. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit for the four-factor structure. These dimensions were invariant to gender and had adequate validity based on their relationship with other variables (dependence on the partner, conflict-resolution strategies, and psychological well-being). In sum, the Spanish version of the RPI (SARPI) is a reliable instrument with sufficient valid evidence to provide accurate measurement of power differences in the context of romantic relationships.
Critical equations with Hardy terms in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Pucci Patrizia , Temperini Letizia
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we are concerned with the study of a critical (p, q) equation with Hardy terms on the Heisenberg group. Existence of entire solutions is obtained via an application of some concentration–compactness type results and the mountain pass theorem. Our results are presented in the model case of the (p, q) horizontal Laplacian equations, but the method can be extended to deal with a more general class of problems with operators of (p, q) growth.
Effect of In-Person Delivered Behavioural Interventions in People with Multimorbidity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bricca Alessio , Jäger Madalina , Johnston Marie , Zangger Graziella , Harris Lasse K. , Midtgaard Julie , Skou Søren T.
Published: April 2022

Background

To investigate the effect of in-person delivered behavioural interventions in people with multimorbidity and which behaviour change techniques (BCTs), targeting lifestyle behaviours, are associated with better outcomes.

Methods

Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL and screened reference list of reviews including people with multimorbidity, registries, and citation tracking of included studies. Meta-analyses using random-effects model to assess the effect of behavioural interventions and meta-regression analyses and effectiveness ratios to investigate the impact of mediators on effect estimates. Cochrane ‘Risk of Bias Tool’ 2.0 and the GRADE assessment to evaluate the overall quality of evidence.

Results

Fourteen studies involving 1,378 people. Behavioural interventions had little to no effect on physical activity (standardised mean difference 0.38, 95% CI −0.12–0.87) and the effect on weight loss was uncertain (BMI mean difference −0.17, 95% CI −1.1–0.83) at the end-treatment follow-up. Small improvements were seen in health-related quality of life (SMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.17–0.42) and physical function (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.12–0.73), and moderate improvements were seen for depression symptoms (SMD −0.70, 95% CI −0.97–0.42). Studies using the BCTs ‘action planning’ and ‘social support (practical)’ reported greater physical activity and weight loss.

Conclusions

Behavioural interventions targeting lifestyle behaviours may improve health-related quality of life and physical function, and reduce depression, whereas little to no effect was achieved on physical activity and weight loss in people with multimorbidity. However, the evidence for physical activity and weight loss were of low quality and the end-treatment benefits diminished over time.
Visual-LiDAR SLAM Based on Unsupervised Multi-channel Deep Neural Networks
Authors: An Yi , Shi Jin , Gu Dongbing , Liu Qiang
Published: April 2022

Recently, deep learning techniques have been applied to solve visual or light detection and ranging (LiDAR) simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problems. Supervised deep learning SLAM methods need ground truth data for training, but collecting such data is costly and labour-intensive. Unsupervised training strategies have been adopted by some visual or LiDAR SLAM methods. However, these methods only exploit the potential of single-sensor modalities, which do not take the complementary advantages of LiDAR and visual data. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised multi-channel visual-LiDAR SLAM method (MVL-SLAM) which can fuse visual and LiDAR data together. Our SLAM system consists of an unsupervised multi-channel visual-LiDAR odometry (MVLO) component, a deep learning–based loop closure detection component, and a 3D mapping component. The visual-LiDAR odometry component adopts a multi-channel recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN). Its input consists of front, left, and right view depth images generated from $$360^{\circ }$$

360
∘

3D LiDAR data and RGB images. We use the features from a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for the loop closure detection component. Our SLAM method does not require ground truth data for training and can directly construct environmental 3D maps from the 3D mapping component. Experiments conducted on the KITTI odometry dataset have shown the rotation and translation errors are lower than some of the other unsupervised methods, including UnMono, SfmLearner, DeepSLAM, and UnDeepVO. Experimental results show that our methods have good performance. By fusing visual and LiDAR data, MVL-SLAM has higher accuracy and robustness of the pose estimation compared with other single-modal SLAM systems.
Late Holocene Vegetation and Environmental Changes of Coastal Lowlands in Northern Iran: Possible Role of Climate, Human Impact and Caspian Sea Level Fluctuations
Authors: Gu Fang , Alizadeh Kamaleddin , Behling Hermann
Published: April 2022

Coastal forests and wetlands play an important role in supporting biodiversity, protecting the hinterlands and shorelines from erosion and also contributing to carbon sequestration and freshwater storage. To reconstruct late Holocene vegetation and environmental dynamics in the coastal lowlands of northern Iran and to detect the possible role of climate, human and Caspian Sea level fluctuation on coastal ecosystems, multi-proxy analysis was applied on the sediment cores from the inland Eynak (EYK) lagoon and near coast Bibi Heybat (BBH) alder swamp. Results shows that in the last 170 years, strong reduction of alder forest occurred around Eynak lagoon, while an expansion occurred in the coastal area in the last 100 years. This indicates that human impact shifted from the near coast to elevated inland, which might be due to the raised water level from the Caspian Sea and the coastal area of BBH region was flooded by brackish water from the Caspian Sea, and was not so suitable for agriculture anymore. This study indicate that alder swamp extent is different between coastal and inland sites, suggesting that further studies of multiple records across the region are needed. Moreover, this study helps to distangle human impacts from wetland processes and thus will be an important contribution to effective climate mitigation and conservation strategies. This multi-proxy study presents important palynological records, which helps to understand past and future impacts of various drivers, such as climate, human impact and sea level changes on wetland ecosystems both regionally and globally.
Do the numbers add up? Questioning measurement that places Australian ECEC teaching as ‘low quality’
Authors: Thorpe Karen , Houen Sandy , Rankin Peter , Pattinson Cassandra , Staton Sally
Published: April 2022

Internationally, standard observational measures of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) are used to assess the quality of provision. They are applied as research tools but, significantly, also guide policy decisions, distribution of resources and public opinion. Considerable faith is placed in such measures, yet their validity, reliability and functioning within context should all be considered in interpreting the findings they generate. We examine the case of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) in the Australian study, Effective Early Education for Children (E4Kids). Using this measure Australian educators were identified as “low quality” in provision of instruction (average 2.1 on a scale of 1–7). When these results became public, they attracted negative press coverage and the potential for harm. We interrogate these findings asking three questions relating to sampling, contextual and empirical evidence that define quality and measurement strategies. We conclude that measurement problems, most notably a floor effect, is the most likely explanation for uniformly low CLASS-Instructional scores among Australian ECEC educators, and indeed across international studies. Using a theoretically and empirically informed rescaling strategy we show that there is a diversity of instructional quality across Australian ECEC, and that rescaling might more effectively guide improvement strategies to target those of lowest quality. Beyond, our findings call for a more critical approach in interpretation of standard measures of ECEC quality and their applications in policy and practice, internationally.
Personalization in Australian K-12 classrooms: how might digital teaching and learning tools produce intangible consequences for teachers’ workplace conditions?
Authors: Arantes Janine Aldous
Published: April 2022

Recent negotiations of ‘data’ in schools place focus on student assessment and NAPLAN. However, with the rise in artificial intelligence (AI) underpinning educational technology, there is a need to shift focus towards the value of teachers’ digital data. By doing so, the broader debate surrounding the implications of these technologies and rights within the classroom as a workplace becomes more apparent to practitioners and educational researchers. Drawing on the Australian Human Rights Commission’s Human Rights and Technology final report, this conceptual paper focusses on teachers’ rights alongside emerging technologies that use or provide predictive analytics or artificial intelligence, also called ‘personalisation’. The lens of Postdigital positionality guides the discussion. Three potential consequences are presented as provocations: (1) What might happen if emerging technology uses teachers’ digital data that represent current societal inequality? (2) What might happen if insights provided by such technology are inaccurate, insufficient, or unrepresentative of our teachers? (3) What might happen if the design of the AI system itself is discriminatory? This conceptual paper argues for increased discourse about technologies that use or provide predictive analytics complemented by considering potential consequences associated with algorithmic bias.
A Therapeutic Sheep in Metastatic Wolf’s Clothing: Trojan Horse Approach for Cancer Brain Metastases Treatment
Authors: Liu Hai-jun , Wang Mingming , Shi Shanshan , Hu Xiangxiang , Xu Peisheng
Published: April 2022

Early-stage brain metastasis of breast cancer (BMBC), due to the existence of an intact blood–brain barrier (BBB), is one of the deadliest neurologic complications. To improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for BMBC, a Trojan horse strategy-based nanocarrier has been developed by integrating the cell membrane of a brain-homing cancer cell and a polymeric drug depot. With the camouflage of a MDA-MB-231/Br cell membrane, doxorubicin-loaded poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (DOX-PLGA@CM) shows enhanced cellular uptake and boosted killing potency for MDA-MB-231/Br cells. Furthermore, DOX-PLGA@CM is equipped with naturally selected molecules for BBB penetration, as evidenced by its boosted capacity in entering the brain of both healthy and early-stage BMBC mouse models. Consequently, DOX-PLGA@CM effectively reaches the metastatic tumor lesions in the brain, slows down cancer progression, reduces tumor burden, and extends the survival time for the BMBC animal. Furthermore, the simplicity and easy scale-up of the design opens a new window for the treatment of BMBC and other brain metastatic cancers.
How Much Energy Storage can We Afford? On the Need for a Sunflower Society, Aligning Demand with Renewable Supply
Authors: Desing Harald , Widmer Rolf
Published: April 2022

The worsening climate crisis impels society to accelerate climate action. The attainable speed of the energy transition is ultimately limited by the available energy to build the replacing renewable infrastructures. Decarbonizing the energy system by replacing dispatchable fossil with variable renewable power requires energy storage to match supply with demand. Current storage technologies are energetically expensive to build and operate, thus the demand for storage shapes the fastest possible transition and the probability to exceed 1.5 °C heating. This study explores and quantifies the effect of demanded storage and its technological progress on the fastest possible transition constrained only by energy. The simulation results using three exemplary storage technologies show that storage substantially delays the transition and increases the probability to exceed 1.5 °C heating. Technological progress, if materialized fast, can reduce energy costs of storage; however, storage demand remains a critical driver for climate risks. Consequently, minimizing storage demand through a supply-driven power system effectively reduces climate risks—a paradigm shift towards a solar-aligned “sunflower society”.
Influence of plastic recycling—a feasibility study for additive manufacturing using glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG)
Authors: Bremer Mats , Janoschek Lukas , Kaschta Denis , Schneider Nick , Wahl Michael
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a feasibility study for the production of recycled glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) material for additive manufacturing. Past studies showed a variety of results for the recycling of 3D-printing material, therefore the precise effect on the material properties is not completely clear. For this work, PETG waste of the same grade was recycled once and further processed into 3D printing filament. The study compares three blend ratios between purchased plastic pellets and recycled pellets to determine the degradation effect of one recycling cycle and possible blend ratios to counter these effects. Furthermore, the results include a commercially available filament. The comparison uses the filament diameter, the dimensional accuracy of the printed test specimen and mechanical properties as quality criteria. The study shows that the recycled material has a minor decrease concerning the tensile strength and Young’s modulus.
Value of Ethnicity or Race in More Accurate Prediction of Future Outcome in Couples with Recurrent Miscarriages
Authors: van der Hoorn Marie-Louise , Lashley Lisa
Published: April 2022

This special issue of Reproductive Sciences is focusing on ethnic health disparity and its impact on (fe)male reproduction. Indeed, studies regarding underlying mechanisms, interventions and prognosis in reproduction are underexposed for the non-White male and female. Here, we call for documentation of race and ethnicity in the analysis and management of couples with recurrent pregnancy loss.
Robotics and Autonomous Systems for Net Zero Agriculture
Authors: Pearson Simon , Camacho-Villa Tania Carolina , Valluru Ravi , Gaju Oorbessy , Rai Mini C. , Gould Iain , Brewer Steve , Sklar Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Purpose of Review

The paper discusses how robotics and autonomous systems (RAS) are being deployed to decarbonise agricultural production. The climate emergency cannot be ameliorated without dramatic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions across the agri-food sector. This review outlines the transformational role for robotics in the agri-food system and considers where research and focus might be prioritised.

Recent Findings

Agri-robotic systems provide multiple emerging opportunities that facilitate the transition towards net zero agriculture. Five focus themes were identified where robotics could impact sustainable food production systems to (1) increase nitrogen use efficiency, (2) accelerate plant breeding, (3) deliver regenerative agriculture, (4) electrify robotic vehicles, (5) reduce food waste.

RAS technologies create opportunities to (i) optimise the use of inputs such as fertiliser, seeds, and fuel/energy; (ii) reduce the environmental impact on soil and other natural resources; (iii) improve the efficiency and precision of agricultural processes and equipment; (iv) enhance farmers’ decisions to improve crop care and reduce farm waste. Further and scaled research and technology development are needed to exploit these opportunities.
Improving the quality of gastric cancer surgery: factors associated with positive resection margins for gastrectomy
Authors: Zhao Junjie , Li Haojie , Fang Yong , Wang Xuefei , Sun Yihong
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Positive margins after gastrectomy have been associated with poor patient prognosis. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with margin-positive resections.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried from 2004 to 2014 for all patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent resection with curative intent and had known margin status. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with positive margins.

Results

A total of 32,193 patients were identified who met study inclusion criteria, of which 11.8% (3786 patients) had a margin-positive resection. Tumor size > 6 cm, T3 or T4 tumors, tumor location in the body of stomach or in multiple regions, signet ring cell histology, presence of lymphovascular invasion, positive lymph node involvement, and lack of neoadjuvant therapy were independently associated with an increased risk of positive margins.

Conclusions

Advanced disease characteristics, aggressive tumor pathology, and absence of neoadjuvant therapy were associated with margin-positive resections.
Avalanche Preparedness and Accident Analysis Among Backcountry Skier, Sidecountry, and Snowmobile Fatalities in the United States: 2009 to 2019
Authors: Niemann Danielle , Paul Subrata , Rahman Humairat H.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

While avalanche fatalities have remained relatively steady per year, data suggest a possible increase in sidecountry use and snowmobile fatalities. Limited information is known regarding the accident details and preparedness among different groups of backcountry users including snowmobiles, sidecountry, and backcountry skiers, and what specific factors could contribute to their fatalities.

Methods

Avalanche fatality reports covering all US states posted by the Colorado Avalanche Information Center available online for 10 seasons (2009–2010 through 2018–2019 seasons) were analyzed for group size, specific equipment carried, burial depth, burial time, and other details. Only reports in the 3 following categories were included in the analysis: backcountry ski/snowboard, sidecountry ski/snowboard, and snowmobile/snowbike. These aspects were compared among the 3 tourer types using statistical analyses (ANOVA).

Results

Two hundred and five fatalities were analyzed (n=32 sidecountry, n=91 skier/snowboard, n=82 snowmobile/snowbike). Using 2 preparedness scores, the ski/snowboard group had the greatest distribution of high scores when evaluated by equipment carried and group size, with significant differences per group ( P<0.01). Of the fatalities that were buried, burial time was related to the tourer group ( P=0.04), with the ski/snowboard group having the highest proportion of burials <15 min. Burial depth was significantly different among the 3 tourer groups, with snowmobiles buried the deepest on average ( P<0.01).

Conclusions

Despite limited data available on fatalities, an analysis of preparedness suggests that backcountry skiers and snowboarders are more prepared for avalanche accidents compared to snowmobiles and sidecountry users when evaluated by equipment carried and group size.
The Human Rights to Water and Sanitation
Authors: Heller Léo
Published: April 2022

This analysis of the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation (HRtWS) uncovers why some groups around the world are still excluded from these rights. Léo Heller, former United Nations Special Rapporteur on the human rights to water and sanitation, draws on his own research in nine countries and reviews the theoretical, legal, and political issues involved. The first part presents the origins of the HRtWS, their legal and normative meanings and the debates surrounding them. Part II discusses the drivers, mainly external to the water and sanitation sector, that shape public policies and explain why individuals and groups are included in or excluded from access to services. In Part III, public policies guided by the realization of HRtWS are addressed. Part IV highlights populations and spheres of living that have been particularly neglected in efforts to promote access to services.
Choosing Wisely: Canadian Neurological Society Recommendations for Advance Care Planning
Authors: McKenzie Erica D. , Couillard Philippe
Published: April 2022

Advance care planning (ACP) is a process to understand and communicate one’s wishes, values, and preferences for future medical care. As part of the Choosing Wisely Canada “Time to Talk” initiative, the Canadian Neurological Society (CNS) endorsed the creation of a working group to propose ACP recommendations for patients with neurological illness. A narrative review of primary literature on ACP in neurological and non-neurological illness, medical society guidelines, and publications by patient advocacy groups was conducted. Eight ACP recommendations were deemed relevant and important to Canadian neurology practice and were approved by the CNS Board of Directors. The recommendations are meant to serve as guidance for Canadian neurologists, to stimulate discussion about ACP within the Canadian neurology community, and to encourage neurologists to engage in ACP conversations with their patients.
On the reproducibility of fully convolutional neural networks for modeling time–space-evolving physical systems
Authors: Pinto Wagner G. , Alguacil Antonio , Bauerheim Michaël
Published: April 2022

Reproducibility of a deep-learning fully convolutional neural network is evaluated by training several times the same network on identical conditions (database, hyperparameters, and hardware) with nondeterministic graphics processing unit operations. The network is trained to model three typical time–space-evolving physical systems in two dimensions: heat, Burgers’, and wave equations. The behavior of the networks is evaluated on both recursive and nonrecursive tasks. Significant changes in models’ properties (weights and feature fields) are observed. When tested on various benchmarks, these models systematically return estimations with a high level of deviation, especially for the recurrent analysis which strongly amplifies variability due to the nondeterminism. Trainings performed with double floating-point precision provide slightly better estimations and a significant reduction of the variability of both the network parameters and its testing error range.
Pension systems in south-eastern Europe: what worked and what did not
Authors: Casey Bernard H.
Published: April 2022

Many south-east European states made the transition from socialist to market economies. All described here had to reform their pension systems to match the new context in which these operated. The experiences of 10 countries are reviewed – seven of which were once part of Yugoslavia. Some countries’ reforms were more radical than others. Five of them merely adapted the Bismarckian systems they had inherited; four others adopted the “three pillar” model that the World Bank had been propagating. One went further than that. The four who followed World Bank model were often forced to backtrack. Whatever the longer-term benefits, they generated their own shorter-term fiscal problems. Nonetheless, the most radical reformer gives some indications of possible ways forward. The south-eastern European states do not have financial markets that can support capitalised/funded pension systems. Nor do they have the resources to pay proportional pensions that, at the same time, keep retired people out of poverty. The article suggests that their governments should concentrate upon improving economic performance to satisfy longer term aspirations and on ensuring that pensioners are able to live properly if not luxuriously by using tax-financed transfer measures. Provision above this level can be secured through savings plans, but it must be accepted that the investments to secure those savings will have to be made abroad.
Multi-scale dynamics of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities. Part 2. Energy dissipation rates, evolutions and statistics
Authors: Fritts David C. , Wang L. , Thorpe S.A. , Lund T.S.
Published: April 2022

Fritts et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. xx, 2022, xx) describe a direct numerical simulation of interacting Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) billows arising due to initial billow cores that exhibit variable phases along their axes. Such KHI exhibit strong ‘tube and knot’ dynamics identified in early laboratory studies by Thorpe (Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., vol. 34, 1985, pp. 175–199). Thorpe (Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 128, 2002, pp. 1529–1542) noted that these dynamics may be prevalent in the atmosphere, and they were recently identified in atmospheric observations at high altitudes. Tube and knot dynamics were found by Fritts et al. (J. Fluid. Mech., 2022) to drive stronger and faster turbulence transitions than secondary instabilities of individual KH billows. Results presented here reveal that KHI tube and knot dynamics also yield energy dissipation rates

$\sim$

2–4 times larger as turbulence arises and that remain

$\sim$

2–3 times larger to later stages of the flow evolution, compared with those of secondary convective instabilities (CI) and secondary KHI accompanying KH billows without tube and knot influences. Elevated energy dissipation rates occur due to turbulence transitions by tube and knot dynamics arising on much larger scales than secondary CI and KHI where initial KH billows are misaligned. Tube and knot dynamics also excite large-scale Kelvin ‘twist waves’ that cause vortex tube and billow core fragmentation, more energetic cascades of similar interactions to smaller scales and account for the strongest energy dissipation events accompanying such KH billow evolutions.
Investigation of flow dynamics and heat transfer mechanism in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection over multi-scale rough surfaces
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Chand Krishan , De Arnab Kr.
Published: April 2022

We present a two-dimensional numerical study of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection with air as the working fluid over a multi-scale randomly roughened surface in a rectangular box of aspect ratio 2 over three decades of Rayleigh number (

$10^8 \leq {\textit {Ra}} \leq 10^{11}$

). With varied response of the roughness elements at different

${\textit {Ra}}$

, enhanced heat transfer scaling (

$\gamma =0.41$

) is retained throughout the explored

${\textit {Ra}}$

range. The plume emission process is triggered from the taller roughness elements at a lower

${\textit {Ra}}$

, while smaller elements contribute significantly at higher

${\textit {Ra}}$

. Increased plume emission frequency compared to the smooth case is reflected from the enhanced volume fraction and thermal dissipation rate of plumes. The tip of the roughness elements exhibits the highest temperature and vertical velocity fluctuations, while washing out of the trapped fluid in the throat region holds the key to enhanced heat flux at higher

${\textit {Ra}}$

. Increased localized pockets of fluid at higher

${\textit {Ra}}$

indicate better inter-scale energy transfer, which is reflected in higher energy content at all scales in the computed temperature spectra. The decomposition of the flow field into orthogonal modes reveals that heat transfer enhancement at higher

${\textit {Ra}}$

is associated with multiple small-scale structures. Owing to better energy transfer and intense localized fluctuations, modal distribution of energy is less severe for higher

${\textit {Ra}}$

, and stable twin large-scale rolls do not favour an efficient heat transport process.
Thermochemical non-equilibrium effects in turbulent hypersonic boundary layers
Authors: Passiatore D. , Sciacovelli L. , Cinnella P. , Pascazio G.
Published: April 2022

A hypersonic, spatially evolving turbulent boundary layer at Mach 12.48 with a cooled wall is analysed by means of direct numerical simulations. At the selected conditions, massive kinetic-to-internal energy conversion triggers thermal and chemical non-equilibrium phenomena. Air is assumed to behave as a five-species reacting mixture, and a two-temperature model is adopted to account for vibrational non-equilibrium. Wall cooling partly counteracts the effects of friction heating, and the temperature rise in the boundary layer excites vibrational energy modes while inducing mild chemical dissociation of oxygen. Vibrational non-equilibrium is mostly driven by molecular nitrogen, characterized by slower relaxation rates than the other molecules in the mixture. The results reveal that thermal non-equilibrium is sustained by turbulent mixing: sweep and ejection events efficiently redistribute the gas, contributing to the generation of a vibrationally under-excited state close to the wall, and an over-excited state in the outer region of the boundary layer. The tight coupling between turbulence and thermal effects is quantified by defining an interaction indicator. A modelling strategy for the vibrational energy turbulent flux is proposed, based on the definition of a vibrational turbulent Prandtl number. The validity of the strong Reynolds analogy under thermal non-equilibrium is also evaluated. Strong compressibility effects promote the translational–vibrational energy exchange, but no preferential correlation was detected between expansions/compressions and vibrational over-/under-excitation, as opposed to what has been observed for unconfined turbulent configurations.
The acquisition of capabilities: How firms use dynamic and ordinary capabilities to manage uncertainty
Authors: Irwin Kris , Gilstrap Collin , Drnevich Paul , Sunny Manoj
Published: April 2022

How organizations utilize capabilities to achieve competitive advantage and improve performance has received an abundance of scholarly attention. Both ordinary and dynamic capabilities (DC) enable organizations to achieve higher performance when leveraged appropriately and under favorable conditions. The complexity of an organization's motives for why and how different capabilities are acquired drives us further to explore what complementarities organizations might achieve and under what contexts. Specifically, we explore how firms engaging in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) to acquire dynamic and/or ordinary capabilities experience different market reactions and levels of short- and long-run value creation given environmental uncertainty. Our results support the acquisition of ordinary capabilities for predicting positive short-term market reactions and of DC for longer-run firm performance post-M&A, with uncertainty factors moderating these relationships. We discuss both the theoretical and practical implications of uncertainty and acquisitions of these capabilities and offer suggestions for future research.
Asian monsoon and vegetation shift: evidence from the Siwalik succession of India
Authors: Bhatia Harshita , Srivastava Gaurav , Adhikari Purushottam , Tao Su , Utescher Torsten , Paudayal Khum N. , Mehrotra Rakesh C.
Published: April 2022

Quantitative Miocene climate and vegetation data from the Siwalik succession of western Nepal indicate that the development of the Indian summer monsoon has had an impact, though in part, on vegetation changes. The climate and vegetation of the Lower (middle Miocene) and Middle (late Miocene–Pliocene) Siwalik successions of Darjeeling, eastern Himalaya, have been quantified. Reconstructed climate data, using the Coexistence Approach, suggest a decrease in winter temperatures and precipitation during the wettest months (MPwet) from the Lower to Middle Siwalik. The floristic assemblage suggests that Lower Siwalik forests were dominated by wet evergreen taxa, whereas deciduous ones became more dominant during the Middle Siwalik. The vegetation shift in the eastern Himalayan Siwalik was most likely due to a decrease in MPwet. The quantified climate–vegetation data from the eastern and western Himalayan Siwalik indicate that changes in the Indian summer monsoon had a profound impact on vegetation development during the period of deposition. We suggest that the decrease in winter temperature and summer monsoon rainfall during the Middle Siwalik might be linked with the Northern Hemisphere glaciation/cooling or a number of other things that were also going on at the time, including the continued rise of the Himalaya, and drying across the Tibetan region, which may have affected atmospheric circulation regionally.
Learner and teacher perspectives on robot-led L2 conversation practice
Authors: Engwall Olov , Lopes José , Cumbal Ronald , Berndtson Gustav , Lindström Ruben , Ekman Patrik , Hartmanis Eric , Jin Emelie , Johnston Ella , Tahir Gara , Mekonnen Michael
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on designing and evaluating conversation practice in a second language (L2) with a robot that employs human spoken and non-verbal interaction strategies. Based on an analysis of previous work and semi-structured interviews with L2 learners and teachers, recommendations for robot-led conversation practice for adult learners at intermediate level are first defined, focused on language learning, on the social context, on the conversational structure and on verbal and visual aspects of the robot moderation. Guided by these recommendations, an experiment is set up, in which 12 pairs of L2 learners of Swedish interact with a robot in short social conversations. These robot–learner interactions are evaluated through post-session interviews with the learners, teachers’ ratings of the robot’s behaviour and analyses of the video-recorded conversations, resulting in a set of guidelines for robot-led conversation practice: (1) societal and personal topics increase the practice’s meaningfulness for learners; (2) strategies and methods for providing corrective feedback during conversation practice need to be explored further; (3) learners should be encouraged to support each other if the robot has difficulties adapting to their linguistic level; (4) the robot should establish a social relationship by contributing with its own story, remembering the participants’ input, and making use of non-verbal communication signals; and (5) improvements are required regarding naturalness and intelligibility of text-to-speech synthesis, in particular its speed, if it is to be used for conversations with L2 learners.
Europe in the Mirror of Russia: How Interwar Travels to the Soviet Union Reshaped European Perceptions of Borders, Time and History
Authors: Wardhaugh Jessica
Published: April 2022

Studies of interwar travels from Europe to Russia tend to prioritise reactions to the Soviet Union. This article, in contrast, examines how travellers reflected on Europe in the mirror of Russia and focuses on the little-studied writing and reception of narratives by Andrée Viollis, Luc Durtain, Georges Duhamel and Alfred Fabre-Luce in the late 1920s. Through a comparative analysis shaped by recent histories of temporality, the article explores how encounters between Europe and Russia challenged assumptions on borders, time and history. Although Europeans are generally associated with a model of linear, evolutionary time, this case study reveals their engagement with competing models of time as linear, cyclical and salvational.
Rhabdomyolysis in Young Adult Male Stabilized on Mirtazapine and with History of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Philippe Christine , Misquitta Douglas , Niedermier Julie
Published: April 2022

Study Objective

The purpose of this case study is to review the clinical presentation and medical workup of a young adult male presenting with rhabdomyolysis in the setting of suspected contributing factors, including treatment with mirtazapine and history of COVID-19 infection.

Method

This case study involves a 19-year-old male in a residential setting with a psychiatric history of major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder who had been stabilized on mirtazapine for 9 months. Then, the patient exhibited fever, sore throat, cough, nausea, diarrhea, and malaise and was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection; he did not require hospitalization, was treated with supportive care, and signs and symptoms resolved uneventfully. Approximately 2 months later, in the winter, the patient presented for clinical assessment due to hematuria and painful urination. History revealed that he had been exercising excessively exercising over the past 24 hours, completing hundreds of push-ups and sit-ups. The patient presented to a nearby community hospital and was found to have creatine kinase of over 500,000. He was transferred to a large Midwestern university hospital for further evaluation and management.

Results

The patient’s serum creatine kinase level was found to be 510,000 U/L. Patient’s ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase were 283, 79, and 76 IU/L, respectively, while creatinine was 0.92. Patient received vigorous hydration, supportive care, and further evaluation. Treatment with mirtazapine was discontinued. The following week he developed severe nausea and vomiting; creatine kinase had decreased to 920, while hepatic function tests remained mildly elevated. Evaluation for hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus were negative, as was Wilson’s disease and hemochromatosis. Further medical workup for other potential causes of rhabdomyolysis was negative. The patient recovered and is asymptomatic with return to normal lab values. He remains in psychiatric follow-up.

Conclusions

The patient’s presentation of rhabdomyolysis may have been attributable to multiple factors. Independently, sustained excessive physical activity, COVID-19 infection, and treatment with mirtazapine have all been implicated in the development of rhabdomyolysis. Caution should be taken when prescribing mirtazapine in individuals at higher risk of developing rhabdomyolysis, including those engaged in excessive exercise or who have had COVID-19 infection.

Funding

No funding
Effects of Long-Term Deutetrabenazine Treatment in Patients with Tardive Dyskinesia and Underlying Psychiatric or Mood Disorders
Authors: Hauser Robert A. , Barkay Hadas , Fernandez Hubert H. , Factor Stewart A. , Jimenez-Shahed Joohi , Gross Nicholas , Marinelli Leslie , Wilhelm Amanda , Gordon Mark Forrest , Savola Juha-Matti , Anderson Karen E.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Deutetrabenazine is FDA-approved for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in adults. In two 12-week pivotal trials (ARM-TD/AIM-TD), deutetrabenazine significantly improved Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores and was well-tolerated. This post hoc analysis examined the efficacy and safety of long-term deutetrabenazine treatment in TD patients with comorbid psychiatric illness, including schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and mood disorders (bipolar/depression/other).

Methods

Patients who completed ARM-TD or AIM-TD enrolled in the 3-year, open-label extension (OLE) study. Deutetrabenazine was titrated based on dyskinesia control and tolerability. Change from baseline in total motor AIMS score, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC), and adverse events (AEs) were analyzed in subgroups by comorbid psychiatric illness.

Results

A total of 337 patients in the OLE study were included in the analysis: 205 patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (mean age, 55 years; 50% male; 6.4 years since diagnosis; 92% taking DRA) and 131 patients with mood disorders (mean age, 60 years; 35% male; 4.6 years since diagnosis; 50% taking DRA). At week 145, mean ± SE dose was 40.4 ± 1.1 mg/day for schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (n = 88) and 38.5 ± 1.2 mg/day for mood disorders (n = 72). Mean ± SE change from baseline in AIMS score at week 145 was −6.3 ± 0.49 and −7.1 ± 0.58, 56% and 72% achieved PGIC treatment success, and 66% and 82% achieved CGIC treatment success in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and mood disorder patients, respectively. Overall AE incidence (exposure-adjusted incidence rates [incidence/patient-years]) was low: any, 1.02 and 1.71; serious, 0.10 and 0.12; leading to discontinuation, 0.07 and 0.05).

Conclusion

Long-term deutetrabenazine treatment provided clinically meaningful improvements in TD-related movements, with a favorable safety profile, regardless of underlying comorbid psychiatric illness.

Funding

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Petach Tikva, Israel
Abstract meaning representation of Turkish
Authors: Oral Elif , Acar Ali , Eryiğit Gülşen
Published: April 2022

Abstract meaning representation (AMR) is a graph-based sentence-level meaning representation that has become highly popular in recent years. AMR is a knowledge-based meaning representation heavily relying on frame semantics for linking predicate frames and entity knowledge bases such as DBpedia for linking named entity concepts. Although it is originally designed for English, its adaptation to non-English languages is possible by defining language-specific divergences and representations. This article introduces the first AMR representation framework for Turkish, which poses diverse challenges for AMR due to its typological differences compared to English; agglutinative, free constituent order, morphologically highly rich resulting in fewer word surface forms in sentences. The introduced solutions to these peculiarities are expected to guide the studies for other similar languages and speed up the construction of a cross-lingual universal AMR framework. Besides this main contribution, the article also presents the construction of the first AMR corpus of 700 sentences, the first AMR parser (i.e., a tree-to-graph rule-based AMR parser) used for semi-automatic annotation, and the evaluation of the introduced resources for Turkish.
The league against imperialism, national liberation, and the economic question
Authors: Jani Disha Karnad
Published: April 2022

The League Against Imperialism (LAI) was an international organization active from 1927 to 1937 that brought together communists, socialists, nationalists, trade unionists, and pacifists in order to coordinate their myriad ‘assaults against empire’. Founded with the support of the Communist International, the LAI at its peak had a membership of several hundred people, from every inhabited continent, among them prominent interwar activists and future heads of state. The organization aspired both to become an international movement and to coordinate specific instances of mass struggle. Exploring both aspects shows how the LAI interwove the global and the local in interwar anti-imperialist movements. This article draws from recent work on interwar anti-imperialism and internationalism as well as work on struggles for economic sovereignty in the 1960s–70s to argue that a critical aspect of the LAI’s anti-imperial politics concerned the relationship between political independence and the world economy. Through an examination of LAI members’ writings and public addresses, we can observe this relationship through the staging of their own claims for self-rule and control over land, labour, and resources.
Sustainable food production through integrated rice-fish farming in India: a brief review
Authors: Sathoria Priyanka , Roy Brototi
Published: April 2022

The exponential increase in population and economic activities has led to the intensification of agriculture and aquaculture in developing countries. The Green Revolution in the 1960s and Blue Revolution in the 1980s were giant steps in this direction to meet the food demand of the burgeoning population. It resulted in the increased use of modern technology for the intensification of agriculture and aquaculture in India. However, coping with the ever-increasing demand for food has adversely impacted our environment. Hence, it is imperative that we explore sustainable practices that enable us to produce more food without compromising environmental integrity and human health. Integrated rice-fish farming is one such solution that optimizes use of resources, maintains sustainable environmental conditions and provides socio-economic stability to the farmers. This review summarizes the various integrated rice-fish cultivation systems practiced in India including traditional practices, their importance, recent development in this area and the existing challenges.