bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS V SDN GUGUS 01 KECAMATAN SELAPARANG
Authors: Zakiah Zakiah , Khairi Fikratul
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh lemahnya daya serap siswa sekolah dasar pada mata pelajaran matematika, sedangkan daya serap berkaitan dengan kemampuan kognitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan kognitif terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas V SDN Gugus 01 Kecamatan Selaparang tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Untuk pencapaian tujuan di atas, digunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian asosiatif yang termasuk dalam hubungan kausal (sebab-akibat). Metode pengambilan data menggunakan tes objektif tipe multiple choice sebagai alat pengumpulan data kemampuan kognitif, sedangkan prestasi belajar menggunakan dokumentasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas V SDN Gugus 01 Kecamatan Selaparang yang berjumlah 255 orang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 72 orang yang diambil menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Hasil penelitian yaitu kemampuan kognitif dan prestasi belajar Matematika siswa kelas V SDN gugus 01 Kecamatan Selaparang tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 cenderung pada kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi, nilai signifikansi pada tabel, yaitu 0.000 < taraf signifikansi 0,05 maka, Ha yang berbunyi “Terdapat pengaruh kemampuan kognitif terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas V SDN Gugus 01 Kecamatan Selaparang Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019” diterima, dengan besar sumbangan pengaruh kemampuan kognitif terhadap prestasi belajar Matematika siswa 87,3%.
Case report: Dentigerous Cyst and Canine Impaction at the Orbital Floor
Authors: Hutomo Ferdian Rizky , Pratiwi Ellen Satya , Kalanjati Viskasari P , Rizqiawan Andra
Published: February 2020

Dentigerous cysts are cysts of the epithelial lining of the jaws derived from the dental follicle of unerupted teeth. These cysts are often found during routine radiographic examination along with unerupted teeth. Dentigerous cysts are usually asymptomatic unless the size becomes large, thus causing swelling. This case report describes the management of dentigerous cyst in the upper left canine region with canine impaction to the orbital floor. Dentigerous cyst was treated with cyst enucleation but the impacted canine was not taken because of the magnitude of risk that can occur which was a disruption to the eye muscle. Conclusion. Treatment of dentigerous cysts can be performed by enucleation technique and management related the impacted tooth at the orbital floor needs a further evaluation consideration.
Validitas Buku Etnobotani Tumbuhan Maranthes corymbosa di Kawasan Hutan Bukit Tamiang Kabupaten Tanah Laut
Authors: Ghani Guntur Al , Dharmono Dharmono , Amintarti Sri
Published: February 2020

Validasi diartikan sebagai suatu tindakan pembuktian dengan cara yang sesuai bahwa tiap bahan, proses, prosedur, kegiatan, sistem, perlengkapan atau mekanisme yang digunakan dalam produksi dan pengawasan akan senantiasa mencapai hasil yang diinginkan. Buku yang divalidasi adalah buku ilmiah populer tumbuhan Maranthes corymbosa di kawasan hutan bukit Tamiang Kabupaten Tanah Laut. Validator terdiri dari 2 orang ahli dari Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari buku ilmiah populer Maranthes corymbosa. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan model education design research (EDR) dengan evaluasi uji formatif Tessmer. Adapun hasil yang didapatkan dari uji validasi oleh 2 validator ahli terhadap buku ilmiah populer Maranthes corymbosa adalah sangat valid dengan skor 91,3%.
Penyelidikan Dan Perbaikan Bangunan Miring (Studi Kasus Struktur Bangunan Rumah Tinggal Di Kotabaru)
Authors: Tjitradi Darmansyah
Published: February 2020

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil dari penyelidikan bangunan miring yang mengambil kasus rumah tinggal di Jln. P.I. Kesuma Jaya No.14 Kotabaru yang bangunannya mengalami kemiringan dan pondasinya mengalami perbedaan penurunan. Penyelidikan yang dilakukan menggunakan cara pengamatan visual (kualitatif)  yang merupakan pengamatan awal sebelum dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran secara kuantitatif melalui pengukuran kemiringan dan penurunan bangunan. Dari hasil dari penyelidikan dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat kerusakan struktur bangunan masih dalam kategori ringan, sehingga masih dapat dilakukan perbaikan atau perkuatan terhadap struktur bangunan.Kata kunci: bangunan miring
Penggunaan Lapisan CTRB Dalam Peningkatan Struktur Jalan Ruas Jalan Batas Kota Muara Teweh – Malawaken – Benangin – Lampeong – Batas Propinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Evendri Antonius
Published: February 2020

Perkerasan jalan merupakan salah bagian dari kontruksi jalan. Salah satu inovasi dalam penghematan biaya maka digunakan metode Cement Treated Recycling Base (CTRB) dalam pekerjaan lapisan pondasi jalan.  Ruas jalan Benangin-Lampeong-Batas Propinsi Kalimantan Timur merupakan jalan nasional trans Kalimantan sehingga perlu adanya peningkatan dan perhatian dalam perbaikan struktur jalan guna menunjang kelancaran transportasi lintas Kalimantan. Hasil Uji UCS CTRB sesuai DMF berturut-turut 26,40kg/cm², 30,90kg/cm², 35,49kg/cm² untuk kadar semen 5,5%, 7,5%, 9,5% dan Hasil Uji UCS CTRB sesuai JMF berturut-turut 19,27kg/cm², 23,12kg/cm², 27,91kg/cm², 32,81kg/cm² untuk kadar semen 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%.  Kadar semen yang digunakan untuk pekerjaan CTRB sebesar 7,5% sesuai hasil data DMF dan JMF dimana nilai Kuat Tekan Bebas (KTB) memenuhi standart 30 kg/cm² yang sesuai dengan speksifikasi khusus CTRB berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI).
Review Desain Pada Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Pantai Asam Asam (Lanjutan) Pada SNVT Pelaksanaan Jaringan Sumber Air Balai wilayah Sungai Kalimantan II Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Satrio Ary
Published: February 2020

Konstruksi pada Pantai Asam-Asam di desain untuk melindungi jalan raya dari abrasi air laut dengan cara membangun konstruksi semacam seawall secara bertahap pelaksanaannya. Sesuai  dengan fungsinya salah satunya dalam satu kelompok yaitu konstruksi yang di bangun di pantai dan sejajar garis pantai. Dari pengamatan pada pelaksanaan secara bertahap yang dilakukan mendapatkan hasil yang kurang mendekati sempurna untuk melindungi pantai terhadap kerusakan karena  serangan gelombang air laut dan arus, oleh karena itu dilakukan perubahan design yang telah di laksanakan oleh konsultan perencana, yang dirubah adalah material untuk konstruksi  seawall pada pantai Asam Asam.
Perencanaan Pembangunan Saluran Drainase Jalan Sulingan– Tanjung Selatan Ruas 122 Kecamatan Murung Pudak
Authors: Budiyarti Budiyarti
Published: February 2020

Pembangunan, Pemeliharaan dan perbaikan drainase secara rutin maupun berkala dapat mengurangi kerusakan pada jalan dan mengurangi genangan air di permukiman. Perencanaan pembangunan saluran drainase ini berada di wilayah Kecamatan Murung Pudak, saluran yang direncanakan merupakan pembangunan baru, sebelumnya di lokasi tersebut hanya ada saluran alam yang terbentuk dari aliran air hujan. Kontrak kerja perencanaan ini selama satu bulan dengan panjang yang direncanakan 2.733 meter di dua sisi jalan. Selain saluran drainase juga dibangun bangunan pelengkap seperti gorong-gorong. Lingkup pekerjaan perencanaan pada proyek ini meliputi pengumpulan data pendukung, survey lokasi rencana pekerjaan dan pengukuran lapangan untuk mendapatkan data yang akurat, dokumentasi Infrastruktur kondisi awal (0%), penyusunan pra rencana yaitu pembuatan gambar sket dan rab rencana penanganan, pembuatan gambar kerja, penyusunan bill of quantity (BQ) dan spesifikasi teknis, serta pembuatan Laporan akhir
Implementasi Uji Mutu Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Konstruksi Paket Pembangunan Jalan Batas Kec. Siding/Seluas – Batas Kecamatan Sekayam/Entikong (Myc) Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Junaidi Deddy
Published: February 2020

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui implementasi uji mutu pelaksanaan pekerjaan konstruksi pada Paket Pembangunan Jalan Batas Kec. Siding/Seluas – Batas Kecamatan Sekayam/Entikong (MYC) Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, dan (2) Mengetahui ketidaksesuaian; akar penyebab masalah; acuan/aturan dalam pelaksanaan uji mutu konstruksi pada paket tersebut disertai saran perbaikan. Setelah monitoring pelaksanaan uji mutu konstruksi pada paket tersebut, didapatkan bahwa (1) Pelaksanaan sistem manajemen kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja pada sistem kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja dalam kondisi yang baik. Hal tersebut diwujudkan dalam bentuk kinerja penerapan penyelenggaraan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri PU No. 9 tahun 2008, (2) Ketidaksesuaian, akar penyebab dan saran perbaikannya. Kata kunci: Uji mutu konstruksi, pekerjaan konstruksi jalan
Survey Investigasi Desain Air Baku di Pegatan Kab. Katingan
Authors: Setiawan Adi
Published: February 2020

Air merupakan sumber daya alam yang sangat diperlukan oleh manusia sepanjang masa dan menjadi bagian dari kebutuhan dasar manusia yang sangat penting. Di Desa Pegatan Kabupaten Katingan pada musim kemarau panjang persediaan air untuk keperluan minum tidak mencukupi kebutuhan. Maka pada tahun 2012 dilakukan kegiatan pekerjaan Survey Investigasi dan Desain Penyediaan Air Baku di Pagatan Kabupaten Katingan.
Perkerasan Rigid di Wilayah Container Distribution Center Pelabuhan Trisakti untuk Tipe Kontainer 20 feet dan Alat Berat Reach Stacker tipe Kalmar DRT450
Authors: Ayu Nissa
Published: February 2020

Perubahan fungsi lapangan penumpukan yang semula digunakan untuk peti kemas kosong menjadi penuh menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan akibat ketidakmampuan konstruksi awal terhadap beban baru yang bekerja. Untuk itu diperlukan peningkatan fasilitas pelabuhan sebagai salah satu aksi untuk menciptakan nilai tambah yang berkelanjutan danmeningkatkan kepuasan stakeholder. Paper ini membahas mengenai peningkatan perkerasan rigid lantai lapangan penumpukan peti kemas sebagai fasilitas utama pelabuhan. Langkah–langkah yang dilakukan adalah survei kondisi lapangan eksisting, menentukan metode perbaikan yang sesuai dengan fungsi, berkoordinasi dengan pihak operasional,melakukan desain perkerasan dengan beban alat berat reach stacker dan peti kemas ukuran 20 feet, serta pelaksanaan dan pengawasan pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan syarat dan rencana kerja. Hasil desain dari peningkatan lapangan penumpukan tersebut adalah perkerasan rigid dengan Mutu Beton K-300, tulangan Wiremesh M10 rangkap dan tebal lantai beton 300 mm. Kata kunci: perkerasan rigid, peti kemas, reach stacker, pelabuhan trisakti
KESADARAN HUKUM MENGENAI PENGAKUAN DAN PENGHORMATAN TERHADAP HAK ASASI MANUSIA (Studi pada Pengurus Organisasi Kesiswaan pada Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri di Cakupan Kecamatan Cempaka Putih, Jakarta Pusat)
Authors: Prasetyo Kukuh Fadli
Published: February 2020

Proses demokrasi di Indonesia, sebagaimana ramai dibicarakan dan dikaji, cenderung menunjukkan sisi destruktifnya. Kecenderungan demikian ini mengacu pada adanya kekurangpahaman mengenai tata hukum dan hak asasi manusia. Dalam penelitian ini, Peneliti membuat upaya untuk mengumpulkan bukti-bukti empiris berkaitan dengan kesadaran hukum mengenai hak asasi manusia yang dimiliki oleh pengurus organisasi pada sekolah menengah atas negeri di Kecamatan Cempaka Putih, Jakarta Pusat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum empiris dimana Peneliti mengumpulkan data melalui kuesioner-kuesioner yang diisi oleh para responden sekaligus melakukan interpretasi dan analisis atas temuan-temuan yang diperoleh. Berdasarkan analisis, kesadaran hukum para responden mengenai isu pengakuan dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia pada umumnya tergolong baik. Namun, perlu untuk diperhatikan bahwa sekurang-kurangnya ada dua ancaman yang cenderung terinternalisasi dalam pemahaman responden mengenai hak asasi manusia, yakni: (i) adanya diskriminasi terhadap orang per orang mengacu pada status sipil, politik, sosial, dan ekonomi, dan (ii) penggunaan dalil-dalil hak asasi manusia oleh responden untuk mengabaikan atau menentang kekuasaan orang tua yang bersangkutan.Kata Kunci: demokratisasi, hak asasi manusia, siswa, organisasi siswa
Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals That the Reproductive System is Potentially at Risk from SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Wu Yuqi , Wang Rui , Lu Keshi , Tu Menjiang , Guo Huan , Xie Weijie , Qin Zizhen , Li Shulin , Zhu Pei , Wang Xiangwei
Published: February 2020

An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in China towards the end of 2019, and has spread rapidly ever since. Previous studies showed that some virus could affect the reproductive system and cause long-term complications. Recent studies exploring the source of SARS-CoV-2 using genomic sequencing have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), the receptor that recognizes SARS-CoV. To investigate the expression of ACE2 and to explore the potential risk of infection in the reproductive system, we performed a thorough bioinformatic analysis on data from public databases involving RNA expression, protein expression, and single-cell RNA expression studies. The analyzed data showed high levels of ACE2 mRNA and protein expression in the testis and spermatids and equal levels of ACE2 expression in the uterus and lung. Comprehensive single-cell analysis identified ACE2 expression in the lung, testis, spermatids, and uterus. In conclusion, this study revealed the potential risk associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the reproductive system and predicted that long-term complications might have a significant impact on the prevention and management of COVID-19, the disease caused upon infection with SARS-CoV-2.
SEÇİM KAMPANYALARINA BEYANNAMELER BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: 31 MART 2019 YEREL SEÇİMLERİ ÖRNEĞİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ARKLAN Ümit , TANACI Fadimana
Published: February 2020

Seçim dönemlerinde siyasi partiler ve adaylar yoğun olarak çeşitli siyasal kampanyalar yürütmektedir. Odak noktayı ulaşılmak istenen hedef kitlenin oluşturduğu bu kampanyalar belirli aşamalardan geçerek hazırlanmakta ve amaca hizmet edebilecek farklı enstrümanlardan yararlanmaktadır. Söz konusu enstrümanlardan biri olan seçim beyannameleri; kampanya süreçlerinde seçmeni bilgilendirme, ikna etme, parti ve adayı tanıtma, vaatler hakkında farkındalık oluşturma gibi çeşitli roller üstlenmektedir. Bu nedenle, partilere ve seçim dönemlerine göre yayınlanan beyannamelerin özellikleri farklılık göstermekte, hatta kimi zaman partiler herhangi bir beyanname yayınlamamayı tercih etmektedir. Tüm bunlardan hareketle, seçim kampanyalarına beyannameler özelinde odaklanan çalışmada, nitel içerik analizi kullanılmakta, beyannamelerin içeriksel ve şekilsel özelliklerine göre analiz edilmesi ve partilerin vaatlerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Örneklem olarak da 31 Mart 2019 yerel seçimlerinde en yüksek oy oranına sahip ve beyanname yayınlamış olan Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Halkların Demokratik Partisi, İYİ Parti ve Saadet Partisi yer almaktadır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler neticesinde; beyannamelerin şekilsel ve içeriksel özelliklerinde net bir ayrım olduğu saptanmıştır. Kullanılan söylem, fotoğraf, seçmene hitap şekli bunu açıkça ortaya çıkarmıştır. Partilerin belediyecilik anlayışı noktasında ve sundukları vaatler konusunda ise bir benzerlik söz konusudur. Partiler her ne kadar ideolojik olarak ayrışsa da; yerel yönetim konusunda aralarında önemli fark olmadığı; sunulan vaatlerde ortak kavramlara yer verildiği görülmüştür.
The Simplification of the Material Balance Formulas by the Laplace Transformation
Authors: Hurst William
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 292–303.

For many years the author has been cognizant of the difficulty encountered by some in treating with the water influx formulas for unsteady-state fluid flow as pertain to the material balance equation. This has particularly applied in establishing reservoir performance and identifying reservoir pressure, which to the practicing engineer has entailed a trial-and-error procedure, and for others has necessitated resorting to computing devices and reiteration processes.

In retrospect this difficulty stems from the fact that reservoir pressure in the material balance formulas, as well as associated with the water influx equations, is an inexplicit term, and the work reported in the past is irrefutable. However, what will be presented in this paper is another approach to the problem, whereby the entire material balance equation will be treated by the Laplace transformation, and reservoir pressure which hereto has been inexplicit, can now be isolated by mathematical procedure to relate that parameter with all the factors contributing to its change.

This is the simplification entailed, that treats first with an undersaturated oil reservoir as an integrated effect from the inception of production. The second phase pertains to saturated oil reservoirs that encompass a survey traverse. Although both methods of approach are necessarily different in aspect, the most interesting fact is that the mathematics so deduced are identical. Both the linear and radial water-drive systems are incorporated, for which an illustrated factual example is offered for the latter, treating with a saturated oil reservoir.

Introduction

What is performed in this work is the simplification of an involved computation by advanced analysis. Although such may be construed as a contradiction when one treats with higher mathematics; nevertheless, when direction is given to such an undertaking the results can be most revealing.

Likewise, it is to be mentioned that the bases for these mathematics have been developed on the expediency of the occasion. This is not to be inferred as a qualification of this work, but rather the demands frequently placed upon the author in his private practice in meeting a time limit. A situation, instead of being fraught with hazards, often has given emphasis to creative thought.
Reverse-Wetting Logging
Authors: Graham John W.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 304–309.

Introduction

The most common method of identifying hydrocarbon-bearing strata in a well that penetrates many different formations involves measurement and interpretation of the electrical properties of the formations as determined by electrical logs. Even though this method is used extensively, and even though in a great many instances it is capable of indicating presence of oil or gas, situations arise for which it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to deduce the presence of hydrocarbons.

These situations may involve the following.

A thin formation, bounded by highly resistive formations, in which it is impossible to obtain the actual resistivity of the uninvaded zone with existing logging devices.

A formation in which invasion has been so extensive that a value for the uninvaded zone resistivity cannot be obtained.

A very shaly formation in which the resistivity index, I, is lower than that usually associated with productive formations.

Laminated formations comprised of thin productive sands separated by thin shale streaks in which the individual sand and shale streaks are too thin to permit measurement of uninvaded-zone resistivity with existing logging devices.

Productive formations in which the water saturation is high.

To extend the utility of electric log interpretation to identification of hydrocarbons in all types of formations, there is strong incentive to find a method not subject to these limitations.

Some time ago, in connection with research on the wettability of reservoir rock, an investigation was conducted in which the resistivities of cores were measured shortly after they were removed from a core barrel, and again after they had been extracted and restored to their original oil and brine saturation. The resistivities after extraction were generally lower. Other tests made on the cores indicated that they were more nearly water wet after they were extracted; thus, it was assumed that the observed changes in resistivities were due to a change in wettability of the cores. Other experiments have shown that resistivities of rock samples are sharply dependent on wettability. These experiments have shown that oil-wet samples are more resistive than water-wet samples.
Permeability and Porosity Evolution of Organic-Rich Shales from the Green River Formation as a Result of Maturation
Authors: Kim Tae Wook , Ross Cynthia M. , Guan Kelly M. , Burnham Alan K. , Kovscek Anthony R.
Published: February 2020

Source rocks (oil shale) were matured artificially via pyrolysis under geologically realistic triaxial stresses using a unique coreholder that is compatible with X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning. This study focuses on characterization of porosity and permeability as well as the evolution of shale fabric during pyrolysis. Experiments were conducted using 1-in. diameter vertical and horizontal core samples from the Green River Formation. Prior to pyrolysis, the properties of the source rock were characterized [e.g., porosity, bulk density, mineralogy, and total organic carbon (TOC)]. Samples were then heated from room temperature to 350°C under a nitrogen environment to obtain conversion of organic matter (OM) to oil and gas via pyrolysis. Porosity and permeability after maturation were measured. Micro-CT visualization was applied to investigate the fracture network developed throughout the core. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were also used to compare the shale fabric and porosity evolution (pre- to post-maturation) at greater resolution.

In-situ observations reveal a decrease in the average CT number (i.e., density) within some volumetric regions of the cores after maturation. In these regions, OM (kerogen and bitumen) was converted into hydrocarbons. Changes in the source rock depend on the original TOC fraction, hydrogen index (HI), and temperature. The permeability prior to pyrolysis for vertical samples is in the undetectable to nanodarcy range. The permeability of all cores increased to the microdarcy range post-maturation. In particular, the permeability of the horizontal sample increased from 0.14 to 50 µd. This improvement in permeability occurred due to the generation of open porosity and fractures (dilation, generation, and/or drainage). Additionally, the porosity after Soxhlet extraction increased proportionally by 20% from pre- to post-pyrolysis depending on pyrolysis time and TOC fraction. Longitudinal deformation depends on the orientation of the sample with respect to the triaxial stress during pyrolysis. The deformation of vertically oriented samples with isostress conditions is larger than that of horizontally oriented samples with isostrain. The measured 3D in-situ porosity distribution indicates that OM has transformed into hydrocarbons by pyrolysis. The development of a fracture and matrix porosity system under stress provides an explanation for transport of hydrocarbon away from its point of origin.
A Practical Utilization of the Theory of Bingham Plastic Flow in Stationary Pipes and Annuli
Authors: Melrose J.C. , Savins J.G. , Foster W.R. , Parish E.R.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 316–324.

Introduction

The practical analysis of the hydrodynamics of the wellbore has long been a subject of interest to engineers. This paper presents a simplified solution to the problem of computing the pressure drop for the flow of drilling mud in the annulus of the wellbore. This solution is, however, an exact and rigorous solution under the assumptions which have been imposed. These assumptions are that the drilling fluid is a Bingham plastic fluid and that the annulus is formed by two concentric, stationary, cylindrical pipes. It is further assumed that the fluid is incompressible and that its motion is isothermal and in a steady state.

This problem under the same assumptions has been attacked by previous authors. Beck, Nuss and Dunn proposed that the equation for the flow of a Bingham plastic fluid in a cylindrical pipe could be applied to an annulus if the pipe radius were replaced in the equation by the hydraulic radius. This equation, known as the Buckingham-Reiner equation (see Appendix 1), was also used in an approximate form. Van Olphen pointed out that even for a simple or Newtonian fluid the pipe equation (Poiseuille's law) could not be converted to the Lamb equation descriptive of flow in an annulus (see Appendix 1) by using the hydraulic radius. Van Olphen further attempted to give a solution for the annular flow of a Bingham plastic fluid by introducing approximations similar to those which have been used in the case of the Buckingham-Reiner equation. Other attempts to provide approximate or exact solutions have been made by Grodde and by Mori and Ototake.

The present authors some years ago in unpublished work derived the correct expressions relating the pressure drop and flow rate for this problem. It was found that the solution consisted of two simultaneous equations, one of which contained a logarithmic term. Thus, obtaining numerical results for any particular case of interest involves very tedious trial-and-error computations. Very recently Laird presented the correct derivation of the two equations which are given in full detail in Appendix 1.
Reservoir Rock Wettability - Its Significance and Evaluation
Authors: Bobek J.E. , Mattax C.C. , Denekas M.O.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 213, 1958, pages 155–160. Paper presented at 32nd Annual Fall Meeting of Society of Petroleum Engineers in Dallas, Tex., Oct. 6–9, 1957.

Investigations in recent years have shown that rock wettability can exert a profound influence on the displacement of oil by water from oil producing reservoirs. Core analyses frequently show oil recoveries from preferentially water-wet rock to be significantly greater than those from preferentially oil-wet rock. Thus, an accurate prediction of water-drive or waterflood oil recovery is dependent on the evaluation of reservoir rock wettability.

Laboratory and field studies have been undertaken to examine and develop methods which may be used to measure rock wettability, to investigate factors which may alter the wettability of reservoir rock, and to determine the wettability of specific reservoirs. It has been found that measurement of the rate and volume of spontaneous imbibition of the wetting phase by a rock is a reliable and reproducible test for semi-quantitative determination of preferential rock wettability. Laboratory tests have shown that the wettability of reservoir rock may depend on both the crude oil composition and the rock type. Field and laboratory tests have indicated that coring fluids and core handling techniques can cause significant changes in the wettability of rock surfaces. However, a few fluids, brine in particular, appear not to affect core wettability and may be used when coring to determine reservoir wettability. Core handling and packing procedures have been developed which preserve core wettability during storage and laboratory testing. The wettability characteristics of six reservoirs have been evaluated by wettability tests performed in the field on fresh cores cut with brine or special water-base muds. The tests indicated that all six reservoirs are water wet; however, the degree differed from one reservoir to another.
Application of Numerical Methods to Predict Recovery From Thin Oil Columns
Authors: Rachford H.H. , Taylor R.D. , Douglas Jim , Dyke P.M.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 193–201.

The performance of a water-drive reservoir having a gas cap depends primarily on the movement of the gag oil and oil-water contacts. The movement of the contacts during production depends in turn on fluid withdrawals and how the reservoir pressure changes as fluids are produced from the reservoir; that is, on how effectively the aquifer maintains pressure by replacing withdrawals.

Inasmuch as pressure changes, fluid withdrawals, contact positions, and produced gas-oil and oil-water ratios are interdependent, the analysis and prediction of the performance of a reservoir produced in a given way must take into account this interdependence throughout depletion.

This paper presents an analysis which, within the limitations of the assumptions made, yields an engineering approach to predicting future performance based on reservoir pressure and production history The most significant assumption is the method of extrapolation of future gas-oil and water-oil ratios. The extrapolation procedure smoothly increases both ratios to preselected values as the remaining oil column undergoes a specified decrease in thickness. This preselection is made on the basis of previous field experience in depletion of similar reservoirs under similar conditions. For computing future performancevolumetric balance is combined with the differential equation defining pressure distribution in the aquifer to obtain positions of water-oil and gas-oil contacts. From these positions are extrapolated produced water-oil and gas-oil ratios. Reservoir performance can be investigated when oil production rates are dependent upon various factors including the performance of the reservoir itself. Examples of practical application of the procedure are included.

Introduction

To predict performance of water-drive reservoirs with gas caps and thin oil columns, it is necessary to describe the motions of the fluids within the reservoir during the entire production period to depletion. These motions depend on the pressure changes and on the withdrawal of oil, gas and water. Production of oil from the oil zone primarily causes water to move in to take its place; production of gas from the cap tends to cause oil to migrate into its place. In addition, the volumes of oil and gas remaining in the reservoir depend on changes in the pressure, since a decrease in pressure causes fluid expansion, gas liberation and oil shrinkage.
Pressure Fall-Off in Water Injection Wells
Authors: Hazebroek P. , Rainbow H. , Matthews C.S.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 250–260.

A new theoretical treatment has been obtained for the behavior of pattern waterflood injection wells when closed in. Two cases are treated: Case 1 where oil and water are assumed to have the same properties, and Case 2 where they are different. In applying the method, one plots log (p - Pe) vs closed-in time, where p is wellbore pressure at any time and Pe is static pressure. The value of Pe is determined by trial and error as that value which makes the plot linear at large time. A value far the permeability-thickness product can be determined from the intercept of this linear part, and a value of the skin factor from the injection pressure at time of closing in. Application of the method to data from water floods at three fields seems to give reasonable results. Far the case of unit mobility ratio, it is proved that this new method should give the same value for permeability-thickness product as the conventional pressure build-up method. In addition, the new method gives correct values far static pressure, whereas the conventional method does not, often indicating negative static pressures. The new method may be used in cases where the surface pressure persists after closing in as well as in cases where it does not.

Introduction

It is of considerable interest and importance to be able to determine the characteristics of the reservoir in an area surrounding a water injection well. Thus, if we can determine early in the life of an injection well that there is a considerable "skin effect", remedial measures can be started before a full-scale pattern flood begins. Similarly, if it can be shown that a gradual buildup of skin effect is occurring with time, measures to free the water of plugging material can be taken. Determination of static pressure in the water-injection well may show that the water is entering a thief zone and not the desired reservoir. Finally, determination of the permeability of the sand around the injection well will allow estimation of the future relation between injection pressure and rate.

It should be possible to determine average reservoir permeability, skin effect and static pressure from pressure fall-off data. However, at the time we began work on this subject, it was thought that no adequate theory on which to base such determinations was available.
A Study of Anomalous Pressure Build-Up Behavior
Authors: Stegemeier G.L. , Matthews C.S.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 44–50.

In one field in South Texas, approximately 75 per cent of the pressure build-up results show a characteristic "hump" (i.e., the pressure builds up and then falls off) which makes interpretation by standard methods impossible. Correlation of size and time of hump with formation permeability, well productivity index, and method of completion led to the tentative conclusion that the humps were caused by segregation of gas and oil in the wellbore after closing-in. This conclusion was confirmed by performance of simple laboratory bubble-rise experiments, by theoretical bubble-rise time calculations, and by a detailed calculation of PVT behavior in the wellbore of a particular well on which accurate surface and bottom-hole pressure measurements were made.

The hump behavior has since been found to occur in many other fields. The cause, however, is not the same in all cases. In some of these the hump is traceable to leaks in the tubing which allow influx of gas from the annulus after closing-in. In other cases the hump is traceable to leaks in the device separating pay horizons in dually completed wells.

It is concluded that the recording of both surface and bottom-hole pressures is desirable in wells which show an anomalous build-up behavior. A number of field examples is discussed where use of both sets of measurements enables the cause for anomalous behavior to be found, and a reasonable interpretation of bottomhole pressure to be made.

Introduction

Theoretically the pressure build-up in an infinite reservoir should be a linear function of ln [(t + ?t) /?t] where t is the production time and ?t is the closed-in time. Some of the variations from this behavior are well known, such as the curved portion immediately after shut-in which results from after-production and skin effect, and the flattened end portion which results from boundary effects in a limited reservoir. The effect of stratified producing zones and irregular geometrical drainage patterns may also contribute unusual characteristics to build-ups.
Estimation of Ultimate Recovery from Solution Gas-Drive Reservoirs
Authors: Wahl W.L. , Mullins L.D. , Elfrink E.B.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 132–138.

Introduction

In the past few years several articles and papers presenting results of solution gas-drive depletion calculations have appeared in the literature. Such calculations are of interest to the oil industry, for investment decisions must often be made before much is known about a reservoir. At other times, an estimate of the possible benefits to be realized from alternate production methods is desirable, and theoretical depletion calculations can serve as a floor or reference level from which to work. In any case, an estimate of ultimate oil recovery based upon engineering data is commonly required.

An engineer confronted with the problem of obtaining, for a specific reservoir system, an estimate of ultimate oil recovery by solution gas-drive depletion usually will be forced to perform the calculations himself. This is despite the quantity of data in the literature. Rarely will either experience or the literature provide results from a reservoir system similar in all important respects to the one under consideration, and calculated results are not so plentiful that satisfactory interpolation procedures can be devised. Performing the calculations, however, is a tedious, time-consuming task unless an electronic computer is available, and, in practice, time and manpower are not always available for this purpose.

A quick, simple, consistent method was needed for reducing the uncertainty in estimated oil recovery from solution gas-drive reservoirs when only minimum information about the reservoir system is available.

Procedure

Method of Calculation

The usual requisite assumptions were made so that the material balance equation could be used to calculate data for the charts. The following assumptions were made:the reservoir is homogeneous and isotropic;oil recovery is due entirely to solution gas drive and neither a gas cap nor a water drive nor gravity drainage is present;the initial reservoir pressure is the bubble-point pressure of the reservoir fluid;initial total liquid saturation is 100 per cent of pore space;interstitial water saturation remains at the initial value as the reservoir pressure declines from the bubble-point pressure to atmospheric pressure;equilibrium gas saturation is 5 per cent of pore space; andoil and gas saturations are uniformly distributed throughout the reservoir at all times.

There are no saturation gradients due to a wellbore, nor is the geometry of the reservoir system considered.
A Laboratory Study of Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Heterogeneous Porosity Limestones
Authors: Stewart Charles R. , Owens William W.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 121–126.

Reservoir performance predictions based on laboratory core test data assume that fluid flow is laminar for the laboratory test. A study has been made to determine the validity of this assumption for laboratory tests on various types of porosity found in producing limestone formations.

Data are presented which show that turbulence and slippage can occur during laboratory tests on heterogeneous-type porosity limestones, thus causing serious errors in measured single-phase permeabilities and two-phase relative permeability characteristics. In single-phase flow tests it is possible to eliminate turbulence and correct for slippage or to eliminate both factors by controlling test conditions. It is not always possible to control test conditions and thereby eliminate turbulence and slippage in two-phase flow tests. A correction method is presented which can be used to calculate the true two-phase laminar flow relative permeability characteristic even though turbulence and slippage exist.

Introduction

It is customary to make use of Darcy's law and modifications of this law, together with laboratory data on formation core samples to predict the performance of producing reservoirs. Such predictions are based on an assumption that fluid flow is in the laminar or streamline region for the laboratory test.

It was the purpose of this investigation to determine the extent to which turbulent flow may occur in laboratory fluid flow tests on heterogeneous porosity limestones. Considering that turbulent flow conditions might exist in some laboratory fluid flow tests, additional emphasis was placed on the development of a method to correct for turbulence when laminar flow conditions could not be attained.

Fluid Flow Concepts for Porous Media

The Influence of Pore Geometry on Fluid Flow

One of the more important factors influencing fluid flow in porous media is the geometry of the pore space which includes such characteristics of the pores as size, shape, distribution, roughness, uniformity, etc. In general, oil- and gas-producing formations can be divided into two broad types on the basis of pore geometry.
Liming Requirements of Greenhouse Peat-based Substrates Amended with Pine Wood Chips as a Perlite Alternative
Authors: Owen W. Garrett , Jackson Brian E. , Fonteno William C. , Whipker Brian E.
Published: February 2020

Processed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) wood has been investigated as a component in greenhouse and nursery substrates for many years. Specifically, pine wood chips (PWCs) have been uniquely engineered/processed into a nonfibrous blockular particle size suitable for use as a substrate aggregate. The objective of this research was to compare the dolomitic limestone requirements of plants grown in peat-based substrates amended with perlite or PWC. In a growth trial with ‘Mildred Yellow’ chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum ×morifolium), peat-based substrates were amended to contain 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% (by volume) perlite or PWC for a total of 11 substrates. Substrates were amended with dolomitic limestone at rates of 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 lb/yard3, for a total of 55 substrate treatments. Results indicate that pH of substrates amended with ≥30% perlite or PWC need to be adjusted to similar rates of 9 to 12 lb/yard3 dolomitic limestone to produce similar-quality chrysanthemum plants. In a repeated study, ‘Moonsong Deep Orange’ african marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants were grown in the same substrates previously formulated (with the exclusion of the 50% ratio) and amended with dolomitic limestone at rates of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 lb/yard3, for a total of 54 substrate treatments. Results indicate a similar dolomitic limestone rate of 15 lb/yard3 is required to adjust substrate pH of 100% peatmoss and peat-based substrates amended with 10% to 40% perlite or PWC aggregates to the recommended pH range for african marigold and to produce visually similar plants. The specific particle shape and surface characteristics of the engineered PWC may not be similar to other wood products (fiber) currently commercialized in the greenhouse industry, therefore the lime requirements and resulting substrate pH may not be similar for those materials.
Exotic structures in exotic nuclei
Authors: Marqués Francisco Miguel
Published: February 2020

Nuclei with proton and neutron numbers away from stability are known
as exotic, and provide stringent tests of nuclear models, mainly
developed for the description of stable nuclei. However, only the most
extreme combinations lead to literally exotic structures, with sometimes
unexpected properties. In this contribution we review some selected
examples around the neutron dripline of very light elements: neutron
halo structures with embedded substructures in the boron chain; the
emission of neutron pairs in ^{16}16Be;
and the existence of multi-neutron resonances in ‘superheavy’ hydrogen
isotopes.
From the Opium of the People to Acid Communism: On the dialectics of critique and intoxication
Authors: Lijster Thijs
Published: February 2020

There seems to be an inherent tension between intoxication and critique. We tend to associate intoxication with immersion, participation, and proximity, while critique is usually connected to the distance, separation, and an outsider-perspective. In this article I want to analyze this tension, but I also want to explore the possibilities, with the German philosopher and critic Walter Benjamin as my guide, of a critical intoxication and/or intoxicated critique. What would be the social, political and aesthetic implications for such juxtaposition for both of these categories?
Geopolítica Mundial e America's Grand National Strategy diálogos epistemológicos indissociáveis
Authors: Sandoval Góes Guilherme
Published: February 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a conexão epistemológica envolvendo a geopolítica mundial e as grandes estratégias de segurança nacional dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA). Nesse sentido, no âmbito da mundialidade pós-eurocêntrica, colima-se realizar estudos referentes aos modelos estratégicos norte-americanos e seus impactos na formação da ordem geopolítica mundial. Para tanto, serão estudadas as principais estratégias globais estadunidenses, desde o modelo estratégico da Contenção de George Frost Kennan até a Doutrina Trump do “América em primeiro lugar”, perpassando-se, antes, pelo paradigma estratégico do Engajamento e da Ampliação de Bill Clinton, pela construção estratégica da Doutrina Bush da era pós-11 de setembro e, finalmente, pela Estratégia de reconstrução nacional e liderança global de Barack Obama. É nesse sentido que o hodierno estudioso das relações internacionais tem a tarefa de identificar os vínculos indissociáveis entre a geopolítica mundial e a evolução do pensamento estratégico norte- americano.
A Evolução Histórica Da Arte Operacional de Frederico O Grande ao “Goldwater-Nichols Act”
Authors: Castelo Branco Wadovsk Rodolfo , da Costa Oliveira José Cláudio
Published: February 2020

Arte Operacional é amplamente utilizada para possibilitar as análises e planejamentos no Nível Operacional. Seu desenvolvimento ocorreu ao longo dos últimos dois séculos, passou por um breve período de esquecimento e hoje faz parte de praticamente todas as doutrinas militares. Este artigo tem como propósito oferecer uma visão ampla da evolução histórica da Arte Operacional, conectando os principais eventos históricos que marcaram seu desenvolvimento, de modo a facilitar sua compreensão atual. O método que utilizamos foi a revisão de literatura. Em que pese a relevância do tema, ainda não há em língua portuguesa um trabalho desse tipo.
Demandas dos Grupamentos Operativos de Fuzileiros Navais durante a Minustah contribuições para a Base Industrial de Defesa Brasileira
Authors: Aguilera Negrete Ana Carolina , Rodrigues de Sousa Eduardo
Published: February 2020

A partir do estudo da importância do Comando do Material de Fuzileiros Navais (CMatFN) no aperfeiçoamento dos materiais utilizados pelos Grupamentos Operativos de Fuzileiros Navais (GptOpFuzNav) na Missão das Nações Unidas para a Estabilização do Haiti MINUSTAH, o presente artigo apresenta as contribuições das Operações de Paz sob a égide da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) para o desenvolvimento da capacidade produtiva e tecnológica da Base Industrial de Defesa (BID) brasileira, através do papel da demanda militar no processo de aquisições de meios, equipamentos e equipagens operativas utilizadas especificamente nestas Operações. A pesquisa utilizou como referencial teórico a abordagem de Sistemas de Inovação (SI) e sua aplicação voltada à produção militar. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica e coleta de dados secundários e primários, algumas lições da MINUSTAH do ponto de vista econômico podem ser observadas, como a existência de um mercado potencial de aquisições no sistema da ONU, ainda pouco explorado pelas empresas brasileiras e uma forte relação de dependência entre essas empresas e o cliente militar para o desenvolvimento de inovações, o que dificulta uma maior atuação no sistema de aquisições
“Breviarium Romanum” A 550 anni dall’editio princeps tridentina (1568-2018)
Authors: Sodi Manlio
Published: February 2020

Historia Breviarium Romanum ukazuje zawsze interesujące kwestie zachodzące pomiędzy jedną a drugą reformą. Na przestrzeni wieków księga liturgiczna nabrała konotacji i wzbogacenia, które dobrze jest znać. Oficjalna modlitwa Kościoła, nazywana dziś „Liturgią Godzin - Liturgia Horarum”, w swoim czasie nosiła nazwę Breviarium. Dzieło zawierało wiele regulacji dotyczących min. rozróżnienia pomiędzy modlitwą celebrowaną przez kanoników w katedrach, a modlitwą mnichów w opactwach. W czasie Soboru Trydenckiego pojawiła się pilna potrzeba zreformowania tej modlitwy. W oparciu o warunki ustanowione przez same zgromadzenie soboru, w 1568 roku opublikowano editio princeps. Porównanie z ostatnią editio typica z 1961 r. w kontekście reformy liturgicznej umożliwia uchwycenie zasadniczej jednolitości z tekstem trydenckim.
Mazowszanie w protestanckim Elblągu w okresie nowożytnym
Authors: Zawadzki Wojciech
Published: February 2020

In modern times, Royal Prussia used to be a multi-denominational and multicultural area. Elbląg, one of the three great Prussian cities, had a similar character until 1772. Since the middle of the 16th century, many Poles from Lithuania and the Crown, including Mazovia, came to this Lutheran town. The preserved Catholic metric books and the matricules of the academic gymnasium established in 1535 in Elbląg allow a study of the presence of the Mazovians in Elbląg in the past. In the source material, apart from the personal data, also the place of origin, age and sometimes family and social status were recorded. In total, 66 newcomers from Mazovia were registered in the archives of Elbląg. They did not play any significant role in the history of the city.