bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Waist Circumference in Adults with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized, Double-blind, Sham-controlled Trial
Authors: Choi Eun Jung , Kim Yun Jin , Lee Sang Yeoup
Published: January 2019

Introduction: We investigated the effects of electrical muscle stimulationon waist circumference as compared with an identical device providing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as control in adults with abdominal obesity.Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Sixty patients with abdominal obesity received electrical muscle stimulation or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation randomly five times a week for 12 weeks. Results: The electrical muscle stimulationgroup achieved a mean 5.2±2.8 cm decrease in waist circumference while the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group showed only a 2.9±3.3 cm decrease (P=0.005). About 20 (70.0%) of the electrical muscle stimulation group lost more than 4 cm of waist circumference but that only 8 (33.3%) of the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group did so (P=0.008). Furthermore, fasting free fasting acid levels were significantly higher in the electrical muscle stimulation than in the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulationgroup at week 12 (P=0.006). In the electrical muscle stimulation group, slight decreases in visceral abdominal fat and total abdominal fat areas by computer tomography were observed at 12 weeks, but these decreases were not significant. In addition, patients’ self-rated satisfaction scores with this program were significantly higher in the electrical muscle stimulation group.Conclusions: The 12-week electrical muscle stimulation program modestly reduced waist circumference in abdominally obese adults without side effects.
Sustained Drug Free Remission of Lupus Panniculitis with Methotrexate: A Case Report From Nepal
Authors: Vaidya Binit , Baral Rikesh , Baral Hritu , Nakarmi Shweta
Published: January 2019

Cutaneous manifestations are second most common presenting feature of lupus. Discoid lupus erythematosus is the most common variant amongst all; lupus panniculitis being described in only 2-5% of cases. Most cases of cutaneous lupus are associated with autoantibodies and either precede or follow the systemic manifestations of lupus. There is no proven treatment for cutaneous manifestations of lupus including lupus panniculitis. Available non-randomized studies show efficacy of hydroxychoroquine in most cases, whereas methotrexate and other immunosuppressant are used in relapsing cases.
We describe a case of lupus panniculitis presenting as an isolated manifestation of lupus with negative autoantibody titers which responded well to methotrexate. We observed that lesions went into drug-free remission in 1year and did not recur on 1year follow-up. There was no residual skin atrophy or scarring. Drug-free remission in isolated cases of lupus panniculitis variant could be possible with timely intervention in the absence of autoantibodies
Substance Abuse among Students in a Dental School
Authors: Bhatta Shishir , Sapkota Manish Raj , Shrestha Sujita , Shrestha Rabindra Man
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Substance abuse has become a burning issue among the medical and dental students. Dental students, who later transform into dentists, have a significant role in substance abuse cessation. Thus the study was undertaken to quantify substance abuse among dental students of Kantipur Dental College. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using pretested self-administered questionnaire among undergraduate and post graduate students of Kantipur Dental College. Convenience sampling was done and sample size was calculated.Results: Study revealed 166 (74.10%) as never smokers, 3 (1.30%) as former smokers and 55 (24.60%) as current smokers. Similarly 97 (43.3%) students never used alcoholic drink, 95 (42.41%) consumed alcohol monthly, 29 (12.95%) consumed alcohol 2-4 times a month and 3 (1.34%) consumed alcohol 2-3 times a week. A total of 78 (35%) students used cannabis.Conclusions: Substantial numbers of students were indulged in deleterious habits of smoking, tobacco and cannabis intake. Students need to be properly counseled to discourage substance abuse and create a healthy society.
Butorphanol in Labour Analgesia
Authors: Yadav Jyotsna , Regmi Mohan Chandra , Basnet Pritha , Guddy K.M. , Bhattarai Balkrishna , Poudel Prakash
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Labour is the process where uterine contractions lead to expulsion of product of conception through the vagina into the outer world. Labour pain is one of the most severe pains which has ever been evaluated and its fear is one of the reasons women wouldn’t go for natural delivery. Delivery is a painful experience for all of the women except a few of them. The labor pain results from some physiological-psychological causes. Different pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods have been tried for pain relief in labour. The objective of this study is to see the effect of butorphanol injection in labour pain. Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in B.P. Koirala institute of health sciences. We observed 200 pregnant women meeting the inclusion criteria and giving the informed consent who were on 1 mg butorphanol i.m. at the onset of active stage of labour every 4 hourly and on demand. Pain assessment was done by Numerical Pain analogue scale measured from 1 to 10. Fetal heart rate monitoring was done according to the hospital protocol. Caesarean section was performed for obstetrical indication. Neonatal outcome was evaluated by on duty pediatrician and APGAR score were noted at 1 and 5 min.Results: The pain scores in first, second, third, fourth hour were (8.83±0.773), (9.84±0.544), (9.94±0.338), (9.6±0.298) respectively, where 1st and 2nd hour is statistically significant.Conclusions: Butorphanol is an effective labour analgesia without significant adverse effects on women and the neonatal outcome.
Prevalence of Color Blindness in Undergraduates of Kathmandu University
Authors: Jha Reena Kumari , Khadaka Sukirty , Gautam Yubina , Bade Manisha , Jha Mukesh Kumar , Nepal Ojashwi
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Color blindness is X-linked recessive inherited disorder that occurs mostly in males and is transmitted through females. Many people with color blindness may remain undetected. Thus the present study aims to evaluate the incidence of color blindness among undergraduates of Kathmandu University. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 825 undergraduates, aged 17-25 years, from June to August 2018, in Kathmandu University, Kavre, Nepal. The Ishihara plates were used to evaluate the color vision of students under natural day light condition.Results: Study revealed that 24 (2.9%) undergraduates were color blind which include 24 male (5%) and no female. Among the color blind, five (20.3%), three (12.5%), two (8.33%) and 14 (58.33%) males were the victims of deuteranomaly, deuteranopia, protanomalia and total color blindness respectively. Color blindness is prevalent among the Brahmin 10 (3.9%), followed by Chettri 10 (2.72%) and Newar 4 (2.24%).

Conclusions: Prevalence of color blindness is found to be higher in males 24 (5%) than females 0 (0%). Total color blindness is the most prevalent in our study. Screening enables the students to become aware of limitations and devise ways of overcoming them.
Histomorphologic Profile of Skin Tumors
Authors: Thapa Rupendra , Gurung Pranita , Hirachand Suspana , Shrestha Sanju Babu
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Skin tumors are not uncommon in the Nepalese community. Accurate diagnosis and categorization of these into different types is important because of its effect on prognosis and management. We conducted this study to find out the frequency of different histological types of skin tumors, correlate with their clinicopathologic profile and to determine the stage of malignant tumors.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of skin tumors during the period February 2015 to January 2017. All the patients who were subjected to skin biopsy for skin tumors were included in this study. The biopsies taken were fixed in 10% formalin and then processed. Four microns thick sections were taken and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain (H&E). Results: Total of 108 cases of skin tumors were included of which 68 (62.97%) cases were histologically diagnosed as benign and 40 (37.03%) cases were diagnosed as malignant tumors. Keratinocytic tumors were predominant among both benign and malignant skin tumors.Conclusions: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for accurate diagnosis and prognostic assessment of the patient. Staging of the malignant tumors in excision biopsy specimen needs to be emphasized since it is a predictor of prognosis.
KEMAMPUAN MEMBAYAR IURAN BPJS BAGI MASYARAKAT PEKERJA SEKTOR INFORMAL (STUDI PADA TUKANG OJEK DAN BECAK/BENTOR)
Authors: Nurbaeti Nurbaeti , Batara Andi Surahman
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesanggupan persentase penghasilan dalam membayar iuran BPJS bagi masyarakat pekerja sektor informal atau juga disebut pekerja bukan penerimah upah (PBPU) di kota Makassar. Target keluaran dalam penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui berapa besar kemampuan dalam membayar iuran setiap bulan bagi setiap orang jika mereka sebagai peserta BPJS Kesehatan maupun Ketenagakerjaan. Jenis penelitian adalah diskriptif dengan menggunakan data kuantitatif dan dijelaskan secara kualitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat pekerja tukang Becak/Bentor/ojek. Pengambilan sampel adalah simple random sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan secara acak (random). Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 47 orang. Penelitian menemukan bahwa terdapat 74.5% pekerja tidak mempunyai kelebihan anggaran rumah tangga. Kemampuan membayar iuran BPJS sebesar 93.7% orang yang sanggup mengeluarkan pembayaran BPJS 5% dari jumlah penghasilan keluarga. Rata-rata penghasilan keluarga Rp. 1.500.000 setipa bulan dengan anggota keluarga rata-rata 6 orang.
PERATURAN PRESIDEN NOMOR 87 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG (PUNGUTAN LIAR) DALAM HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM
Authors: Aziz A. Saiful
Published: January 2019

AbstrakSuap  atau  pungutan  liar di  jalan,  terutama dalam transportasi  barang di  jembatan timbang, di pelabuhan,di pajak cukai masih merajalela.Hal ini menyebabkan berbagai dampak negatif, seperti kecelakaan, kerusakan jalan dan hilangnya kas negara. Operasi tangkap tangan (OTT) kasus pungutan liar (pungli) perizinan di Kementerian perhubungan perintah langsung dari Presiden. Secara umum pungli sebagai pungutan yang dilakukan secara tidak sah atau melanggar aturan, oleh dan untuk kepentingan pribadi oknum petugas. Pungli merupakan penyalahgunaan wewenang. Pungutan liar dalam hukum pidana Islam, tindak pidana pungutan liar (pungli) yang terjadi di Indonesia saat ini masuk dalam kategori jarimah takzir.Metode Pendekatan Penelitian dan analisis dilakukan secara normatif yaitu data diperoleh dari penelitian pustaka (library research). Secara singkat diungkap metode penelitian untuk mengganti kerangka konseptual, pengkajian data sekunder berkaitan  dengan penyimpangan hukum dan eksistensi. Pungutan liar merupakan tindak-tindak pidana materil, dan bisa di beri sanksi pemecatan atau bahkan kurungan pidana hingga 20 tahun. Pungutan liar adalah jarimah takzir, sanksi pidana bagi pelaku pungutan liar yang dilakukan oleh pihak kementerian perhubungan dalam hukum Islam adalah al-‘azl (pemecatan). sanksi takzir yang berupa pemberhentian dari pekerjaan atau jabatan ini diterapkan terhadap setiap pegawai yang melakukan jarimah, baik yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan atau jabatannya.Kata Kunci:Pungutan, Liar, Hukum, Pidana   Abstract  Bribe or illegal levy on street, especially  cargo transportation at weighbridge, at port, tax custom are still develope. Those are cause various negative effect, such as accident, road damage, and the lost of state income. Red-Handed Operation (Operasi Tangkap Tangan/OTT) on illegal levy case in Ministry of Transport is a direct command from President. Generally, illegal levy is a levy  done illegally for personal purposes. Illegal levy is an authority abuse. Illegal levy in Islamic penal code, criminal act on illegal levy in Indonesia nowdays including in category jarimah takzir. Illegal levy is material criminal acts and it may lead into duty dismissal, or jail sentence up to 20 years. Illegal levy is jarimah takzir, criminal sanction for illegal levy which conducted by Ministry of Transport in Islamic Law is al-‘azl (dismissal). Sanction of takzir can be duty dismissal from the occupation or the position is applicable to every employee commit jarimah, due to the occupation or the position.Key Words: Predident Regulation, Illegal Levy, Law, Islamic Penal Code
Analisa Perkembangan Jumlah Outlet Kantor Cabang dan Kebutuhan Frontliners di Era Digital Banking (Studi kasus di Bank Syariah Anak Perusahaan dan UUS Bank BUMN di Yogyakarta)
Authors: ER Nur Ellyanawati
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perkembangan jumlah outlet kantor cabang dan kebutuhan frontliners di Era Digital Banking(studi kasus di Bank Syariah Anak Perusahaan dan Unit Usaha Syariah Bank BUMN di Yogyakarta). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama tahun 2015 sampai tahun 2018 jumlah outlet Kantor bank syariah di Yogyakarta dan jumlah teller tidak menunjukkan perkembangan tetapi juga tidak ada pengurangan. Sedangkan customer service ada penambahan karena jumlah tenaga marketing bank yang bertambah. Kebutuhan industri perbankan untuk saat ini adalah tenaga pemasar, sedangkan frontliners selama 3 tahun belum ada penambahan kebutuhan tenaga kerja. Sehingga bagi dunia pendidikan bisa menyesuaikan kurikulum pendidikannya agar dapat menyesuaikan kebutuhan industri. Kata kunci :  Digital Banking, Bank Syariah, Kantor Cabang Bank, Frontliners.Abstract The research aims to analyze the development of branch offices and the need of frontliner in the digital banking era (case study in subsidiary Syariah Bank and Businees Unit of Syariah Bank in Yogyakarta). The result of the research shows during the research the number of syariah bank outlets reaches the same. The research mentions a need for the position of customer service increases as it is in line with the increasing number of marketing staffs. Frontliner’s position still remains the same. Suggestion for those dealing with education field is to adjust its curriculum in order to balance with the need for industry. Key Words: Digital Banking, Bank Syariah, Branch Banking, Frontliners.
Sustainable systemic urban planning: principles and trends
Authors: Masciarelli Francesco
Published: January 2019

The crisis of the urban environment is a systemic one, and it is due to a joint action of socio-cultural, politic, economic, physic and ecologic factors. It is also related to the progressive decay of communitarian sense and policy representativeness as generative factors of the city; to his economic bases transformation; to decentralization processes and loss of public spaces; to his increasing dimension and speculative land annuity phenomena; to his unsustainable energy needs and environmental impacts. Therefore, this crisis is summarizable as a systemical and sustainability one. But the crisis of the city is also due to the inadequacy of urban planning: the poor comprehension of city systemic nature and poor presence of sustainability measures, the formal rigidity of the top-down processes unable to manage the bottom-up self-organized transformations, lead to a lack of operability of its instruments. As a consequence, the perspectives of the study of the city have to be shifted from the urban structures to the related processes; from the urban components to the whole environment; from the juxtaposition of objects to social and cultural interactions. The most interesting trends in this direction seem to move toward urban regeneration processes through Digital Social Economy that, together with the use of Social Web Platforms, could make more publicly visible, shared and effectively participative the planning processes allowing a real involvement of citizens and communities. Aims of this study is to summarily describe these trends toward systemic urban planning processes, through the analysis of literature and examples, in light of a possible sustainable future of the human environmental system definable as city.
Study on aerobic granular sludge formation in sequencing batch reactors for tapioca wastewater treatment
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thi Thanh , Nguyen Phuoc Van , Thieu Anh Cam
Published: January 2019

Aerobic granular sludge has attracted extensive interest of researchers since the 90s due to the advantages of aerobic granules such as good settling ability, high biomass accumulation, being resistant to high loads and being less affected by toxic substances. Studies, however, which have mainly been carried out on synthetic wastewater, cannot fully evaluate the actual ability of aerobic granules. Study on aerobic granular sludge was performed in sequencing batch reactors, using seeding sludge taken from anaerobic sludge and tapioca wastewater as a substrates. After 11 weeks of operation, the granules reached the stable diameter of 2- 3 mm at 3.7 kgCOD/m3.day organic loading rate. At high organic loads, in range of 1.6 - 5 kgCOD/m3.day, granules could treat effectively COD, N, P with performance of 93 – 97%; 65 – 79% and 80 – 95%, respectively.
The process of assertion and defense of the sovereignty over the Vietnam’s South West waters during the Nguyen lords and Nguyen dynasty (from the 17th to 19th centuries)
Authors: Tran Mai Thi
Published: January 2019

The process of establishment, assertion and defense of the sovereignty over the Vietnam’s South West waters by the Nguyen Lords and Nguyen Royal Dynasty is a long process undergoing many complicated upheavals during the period from the 17th to 19th centuries. Through the consistent, flexible and resolute policies and measures issued by the Nguyen Lords and Nguyen Royal Dynasty, the sovereign power of Vietnam extended over all of the South West waters up to Ha Tien and Ca Mau Cape, including offshore islands in the East Sea and Gulf of Thailand. Besides the Paracel Flotilla guarding the archipelagos in the East Sea, the Nguyen Lords also established the Bac Hai Flotilla (under the command of Paracel Flotilla) with the responsibility to exploit fossils, inspect and control Vietnam’s sovereignty implementation in the areas of “Bac Hai zones, Con Lon island and other islands in Ha Tien”. From the enforcement of Vietnam’s sovereignty and sovereignty rights, the Nguyen Lords turned the South West waters into one of the most critical sites in international exchange which made contribution of vital significance to the construction and protection of national security.
Competitive advantage of strategic business units in the electrical and inomation technology industry - Ho Chi Minh city
Authors: Nguyen Mai Quynh , Nguyen Loan Thuy Quynh
Published: January 2019

Defining competitive advantage of product line (or strategic business unit – SBU) is a matter of great concern for both businesses and government management agencies to develop an appropriate investment strategy. This study applies the McKinsey approach to position the SBUs (as classified by the Vietnam Statistical Yearbook). The data was collected from 26 experts to calculate the weights of the criteria. The scores of each SBU are calculated by weighted average scores of "corporate strength" that was collected from 37 businesses, and scores of "competitive advantage" are from the opinions of 30 experts of Electrial and Information technology industry in Ho Chi Minh City. The results indicate that the competitive advantage of SBU of computer and peripherals is relatively the strongest, in which factors forming the competitive advantage are "Technology" and "Management”.
Estimating Vietnam’s income mobility in 2004 – 2008: a test – retest correlation approach
Authors: Glewwe Paul , Vu Khoa
Published: January 2019

The economic growth of Vietnam in the 1990s has been a popular topic among the economists because there are many aspects of it are subjected to development studies. This paper attempts to explore one of these aspects, the income mobility of the economy, during the period 2004-2008 by estimating expenditure mobility, using Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey (VHLSS) data. This is done by applying a methodology that Heise (1969) developed in his work on test-retest correlations, to reduce the classical upward bias due to measurement errors. We estimate the mobility to be 0.035 to 0.092 which indicate a low mobility in Vietnam. This estimation allows us to draw out some implications about income inequality in Vietnam.
Zoning of Baikal region according to the hazardous geomorphological processes for strategy planning in Russian Federation and Republic of Mongolia
Authors: Kuzmin S. B.
Published: January 2019

Ecological-geomorphological zoning analysis of Baikal Region to hazardous geomorphological processes was carried out on the basis of the author’s technique. Baikal Region includes the subjects of the Russian Federation in the South Siberia and Republic of Mongolia within the boundaries of the Lake Baikal Basin. The basis of zoning are: 1) the spatial distribution patterns of dominant landforms and geomorphological processes that have a negative impact on the economy and social sphere; 2) territorial organization of the economy of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Mongolia, as well as regional system of intra and inter regional industrial relations; 3) the prospects for socio-economic development of South Siberia in Russian Federation and the Republic of Mongolia, as well as hazardous geomorphological processes that can be activated or re-emerge in the result. Research aimed at improving the state system to deal with emergency situations of natural and man-made disasters in Russia, optimization of international contacts in the field of modernization and development of new methods of prevention and prediction of natural disasters and catastrophes.
Monitoring and Forecasting of Emergency Situations as Component Part of the Emergency Risk Management Framework
Authors: Faleev M. I. , Gorbunov S. V.
Published: January 2019

The article considers the issues of monitoring and forecasting of emergency situations in the implementation framework of the Russian Federation State politics in sphere of protection of population and territories from emergency situations. They are determined goals and tasks, highlighted special features and phases, revealed content of every one of enhancement directions of monitoring and forecasting of emergency situations as a component part of the emergency risk management framework.
Security monitoring of computerized boiler rooms with network access and risk assessment on a logicalprobabilistic model
Authors: Sheptunov M. V.
Published: January 2019

We consider one of the existing technologies, scilicet of the multi-shift safety monitoring, which implies tracking of the integrity of the information system (IS) by periodically replacing each other operators in the interval between diagnostics of the system, in relation to computerized boiler-rooms with network access. Herein the IS of the boiler-house is taken into account as protected from dangerous software-engineering influences through the computer network only if to the beginning of the specified period of time the integrity of the system is ensured and throughout this set period the sources of danger do not penetrate the system (with a calculated probability). Here the operator of the boiler-room figures as an eventual link of the series of the controlled, including the program level, barriers for (external) network malefactor. For computerized boiler-houses, depending on the ratios for the duration of the operator’s work during each shift, the specified period of safe operation and the period between diagnostics, three variants are considered that are typical for this technology. The possibilities of applying the latter in the foreshortening of risk assessment of emergency situations (ES) within the previously developed by the author logical-probabilistic model for computerized boiler-houses are discussed.
Potensi Asap Cair Dalam Mengendalikan Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus microporus) Pada Tanaman Karet
Authors: Dalimunthe Cici Indriani , Tistama Radite
Published: January 2019

Di dalam budidaya tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) penyakit jamur akar putih yang disebabkan oleh jamur Rigidoporus microporus merupakan ancaman yang paling merugikan bila dibandingkan penyakit karet lainnya. Pengendalian dengan menggunakan asap cair diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu fungisida nabati yang potensial dalam mengendalikan penyakit tersebut. Asap cair merupakan fraksi cairan yang mengandung komponen senyawa kimia yang sangat kompleks, terdiri dari aldehid, keton, alkohol, asam karboksilat, ester, furan, turunan piran, fenol, turunan fenol (senyawa-senyawa fenolat), hidrokarbon, dan senyawa-senyawa nitrogen diperoleh melalui degradasi termal biomassa yang mengandung lignin, hemiselulosa, dan selulosa dengan sedikit oksigen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi asap cair dalam mengendalikan penyakit jamur akar putih pada stump karet. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asap cair dengan dosis 50 ml per liter mampu mengendalikan penyakit jamur akar putih > 75%. Metode aplikasi rendam+siram lebih efektif untuk menghambat perkembangan penyakit jamur akar putih pada tanaman karet yang terinfeksi.

In the cultivation of rubber plants (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg), white root fungus caused by Rigidoporus microporous is the most harmful threat compared to other rubber diseases. Liquid smoke is one of the potential phyto-fungicides in controlling the disease. Liquid smoke is a liquid fraction that contains components of highly complex chemical compounds, consisting of aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, furans, pyran derivatives, phenols, phenol derivatives (phenolic compounds), hydrocarbons, and nitrogen compounds obtained through thermal degradation of biomass containing lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose with little oxygen. This study aims to determine the potential of liquid smoke in controlling white root fungus on rubber stump. The study used a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that liquid smoke with a dose of 50 ml per liter was able to control white root fungus > 75%. The soak + flush application method is more effective in inhibiting the development of white root fungus in infected rubber plants.
Aplikasi Sistim Informasi Geografis Dan Penginderaan Jarak Jauh Dalam Model Spasial Tingkat Kerawanan Konversi Lahan Hutan Di Daerah Aliran Sungai (Das) Deli
Authors: Sulistyono Nurdin , Purba Suci Arisa , Affifuddin Yunus
Published: January 2019

Informasi berupa sebaran spasial tingkat kerawanan konversi lahan hutan di DAS Deli sangat penting untuk diketahui khususnya untuk kepentingan mitigasi konversi hutan dalam skala DAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan sebaran spasial tingkat kerawanan konversi lahan hutan di DAS Deli dengan memanfaatkan teknologi Sistim Informasi Geografis (SIG) dan Penginderaan Jarak Jauh (PJJ). Metodologi pemodelan spasial yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan cara melakukan pembobotan dan skoring pada faktor-faktor pemicu konversi lahan hutan yakni faktor jarak dari jalan, jarak dari sungai, jarak dari pemukiman, slope, kelas ketinggian, kepadatan penduduk, tingkat pendapatan serta nilai land rent. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat kerawanan tinggi seluas 662,13 Ha (11,42%), tingkat kerawanan sedang seluas 3.778,75 Ha (66,56%) serta tingkat kerawanan rendah seluas 1.280,64 Ha (22,02%). Daerah-daerah dengan tingkat aksesibilitas tinggi merupakan daerah prioritas dalam mitigasi konversi lahan hutan di DAS Deli, hal ini dikarenakan daerah-daerah tersebut merupakan daerah yang mempunyai tingkat kerawanan konversi lahan hutan yang tinggi.

Information in the form of spatial distribution of the level of vulnerability of forest land conversion in the Deli watershed is very important to know the interest of mitigating forest conversion on a watershed scale. This study aims to map the spatial distribution of vulnerability levels in a conversion of forest land in the Deli River Basin by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (PJJ) technology. The spatial modeling methodology used in this study by weighting and scoring the factors that trigger forest land conversion, namely the distance from the road, distance from the river, distance from a settlement, slope, altitude class, population density, income level, and land rent value. The results showed a high level of vulnerability covering an area of 662.13 Ha (11.42%), medium vulnerability level of 3,778.75 Ha (66.56%) and a low vulnerability level of 1,280.64 Ha (22.02%). Areas with high levels of accessibility are priority areas in mitigating forest land conversion in the Deli watershed, this is because these areas have a high level of vulnerability to a conversion of forest land.
Status Kualitas Air dan Kesuburan Perairan Danau Kelapa Gading Kota Kisaran Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Muhtadi Ahmad , Wahyuningsih Hesty , Zaharuddin Natasya , Sihaloho Aniliza
Published: January 2019

Danau Kelapa Gading (DKG) merupakan danau buatan yang terdapat di Kota Kisaran Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Danau ini berfungsi sebagai resapan air, tempat rekreasi, pemancingan dan pemeliharaan ikan baik di keramba maupun di dalam danau itu sendiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui a) kondisi kualitas air, b) mengetahui status mutu air, dan c) mengetahui tingkat kesuburan perairan DKG. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Februari-April 2016. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi kualitas air adalah mengukur parameter fisika-kimia dan dibandingkan dengan Baku Mutu PP N0. 82 tahun 2001. Metode penentuan status mutu air adalah metode storet. Metode untuk penentuan kesuburan adalah membandingkan baku mutu status trofik berdasarkan PerMenLH No. 28 tahun 2009 dan metode Trophic State Index/TSI. Kondisi kualitas air DKG dari hasil pengukuran didapatkan bahwa telah terjadi pencemar organik dan kotoran manusia, seperti terlihat dari nilai BOD dan Total Coliform yang telah melewati baku mutu menurut PP No 82 tahun 2001 pada kelas III dan II. Bahkan pada kelas II parameter TSS dan Fosfat juga telah melewati baku mutu yang ditetapkan. Status mutu air DKG adalah tercemar sedang untuk kelas II (dengan skor rata-rata -29) dan tercemar ringan (skor rata-rata -10) untuk kelas III. Tingkat kesuburan perairan DKG termasuk eutrofik berat dengan nilai TSI 72,71 - 79,21.

The Lake of Kelapa Gading (DKG) is an artificial lake located in the City of Kisaran, North Sumatra. This lake serves as water absorption, recreation, fishing and captivity of fish both in cages and inside the lake itself. This research was conducted with the aim of studying a) the condition of water quality, b) the status of water quality, and c) the level of DKG water fertility. The study was conducted from February to April 2016. The method used to determine the condition of water quality is to measure the physico-chemical parameters and compared with Quality Standards regulation of PP No. 82 2001. The method of determining the status of water quality is the storet method. The method of determining fertility is to compare trofik status quality standards based on regulation of PerMenLH No. 28 2009 and the method of Trofik State Index/TSI. DKG water quality conditions from the measurement results showed that organic pollutants and human excreta had occurred, as seen from the values of BOD and Total Coliform which had passed quality standards according to the regulation of PP No. 82 2001 in class III and II. Even in class II, the TSS and Phosphate parameters have also passed the specified quality standard. The status of DKG water quality is moderately polluted for class II (with an average score of -29) and lightly polluted (average score of -10) for class III. DKG waters fertility levels included heavy eutrophic with TSI values of 72.71 to 79.21.
Pengujian Beberapa Rodentisida Nabati Terhadap Tikus Sawah (Rattus Argentiventer Robb And Kloss) di Laboratorium
Authors: Purba Welisari , Sitepu Suzanna Fitriany , Lubis Lahmuddin
Published: January 2019

Tikus sawah (Rattus argentiventer Robb and Kloss) merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman padi. Kerusakan akibat serangan tikus pada tanaman padi di Indonesia mencapai kerugian sebesar 15¬20% setiap tahunnya.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji adanya pengaruh pemberian beberapa rodentisida nabati terhadap mortalitas tikus sawah (R.argentiventer) di laboratorium. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hama Vertebrata (LPHV) Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan (B2P2TP), Medan dari bulan Maret sampai April 2016. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu perlakuan P0 (kontrol), P1 (umbi gadung), P2 (daun tembakau), P3 (biji jarak), P4 (daun babadotan) dengan konsentrasi 30% yang masing-masing diulang sebanyak empat kali. Pengamatan meliputi bobot badan tikus, tingkat konsumsi pakan umpan dan persentase mortalitas tikus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan bobot badan tikus tertinggi pada perlakuan P2 (-3,37gr) dan terendah P4 (-0,37gr). Tingkat konsumsi pakan umpan tertinggi yaitu pada perlakuan P1 (8,22) gr dan terendah perlakuan P2 (1,07gr). Mortalitas tertinggi yaitu pada perlakuan P1 (100%) dan terendah P3 (25%).

The ricefield rat (Rattus argentiventer Robb and Kloss) is one of the important pests on rice fields. The damage caused by rats in rice fields in Indonesia reaches a loss of 15.20% every year. This study aims to examine the effect of the addition of several phyto-rodenticides on the rat mortality of rice fields (R. argentiventer) in the laboratory. The experimental design used was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 treatments, such as treatment P0 (control ), P1 (gadung tuber), P2 (tobacco leaf), P3 (castor seed), P4 (babadotan leaf) with a concentration of 30% which was repeated four times respectively. Observations included rat body weight, level of feed intake and percentage of rat mortality. The results showed that the highest reduction in rat body weight was in the treatment of P2 (-3.37 g) and the lowest was in the treatment of P4 (-0.37 g). The highest level of feed intake was in the treatment of P1 (8.22 g) and the lowest was in the treatment of P2 (1.07 g). The highest mortality was in the treatment of P1 (100%) and the lowest was in the treatment of P3 (25%).
Identifikasi Penyakit Daun Tanaman Kelapa Sawit dengan Teknologi Image Processing Menggunakan Aplikasi Support Vector Machine
Authors: Harahap Lukman Adlin , Fajri Ridzuan Ikaram , Syahputra Mohammad Fadly , Rahmat Romi Fadillah , Nababan Erna Budhiarti
Published: January 2019

Pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit sering mengalami kendala, antara lain masalah organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT) terutama masalah penyakit. Oleh karena itu, dibuatlah pendekatan untuk mengenali penyakit pada daun kelapa sawit agar dapat membantu kinerja dari para petani kelapa sawit dalam menentukan jenis penyakit pada daun sehingga mendapatkan hasil yang lebih maksimal. Deteksi tepi adalah perubahan nilai intensitas derajat keabuan yang mendadak (besar) dalam jarak yang singkat. Sobel operator digunakan untuk pengidentifikasikan pola wajah, khususnya terdapat di dalam algoritma deteksi tepi. Support Vector Machine (SVM) digunakan sebagai metode klasifikasi. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini penulis akan menerapkan metode deteksi tepi dengan menggabungkan teknik algoritma Sobel Operator untuk menghilangkan derau dan metode Support Vector Machine sebagai pengklasifikasian data penyakit pada daun kelapa sawit.

The management of oil palm plantations often experiences obstacles, including problems with plant pest organisms (OPT), especially disease problems. Therefore, an approach was made to encourage the disease in the leaves of oil palm so that it can help the performance of oil palm farmers in determining the type of disease in the leaves so as to get maximum results. Edge detection is a change in the value of the sudden intensity of the degree of gray (large) in a short distance. Sobel operators are used to identifying face patterns, especially those found in edge detection algorithms. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classification method. Therefore in this study, the author will apply the edge detection method by combining the Sobel Operator algorithm technique to eliminate noise and the Support Vector Machine method as a classification of disease data on palm oil leaves.
Kajian Performansi Pompa Slurry pada Bucket Wheel Dredger dengan Variasi Sudut Gali 45°, 50° dan 55°
Authors: Gudsanov Billy Emkel , Sitepu Tekad
Published: January 2019

PT.Timah (Persero) Tbk. merupakan perusahaan tambang timah dengan cadangan timah terbesar di dunia yang menggunakan kapal keruk tipe Bucket Wheel Dredger sebagai salah satu metode penambangan lepas pantai. Proses penambangan ini membutuhkan biaya yang besar, tetapi akibat kondisi operasi yang tidak optimal, dibutuhkan waktu dan biaya lebih dalam proses penambangannya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kajian yang lebih mendalam untuk mengetahui kondisi operasi optimal. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti melakukan perhitungan head secara teoritis dimana prosedur dimulai dengan pengumpulan data data pendukung, kemudian melakukan perhitungan untuk mendapatkan hasil. Untuk mendapatkan nilai head, digunakan persamaan Bernoulli. Untuk kerugian head major dan head minor digunakan persamaan Darcy-Weisbach. Kapasitas aliran adalah tetap sebesar 7747.2 m3/h padatan dengan variasi sudut gali 45°, 50°, dan 55° pada luas penampang pemakaian baru, satu bulan, dua bulan, dan tiga bulan. Setelah didapat besar head, didapat putaran optimum pompa untuk sudut operasi 45°, 50°, dan 55° secara berurutan adalah 522.470 rpm, 523.569 rpm, dan 524.550 rpm untuk pemakaian baru, 522.614 rpm, 523.706 rpm, dan 525.690 rpm untuk pemakaian satu bulan, 521.829 rpm, 522.931 rpm, dan 523.917 rpm untuk pemkaian dua bulan, 521.030 rpm, 522.122 rpm dan 523.142 rpm untuk pemakaian tiga bulan.

 

PT. Timah (Persero) Tbk. is a tin mining company with the largest tin reserve in the world which operates Bucket Wheel Dredger as an offshore mining method. This mining process requires a large amount of cost. It needs more time and cost in mining process due to non-optimal operating conditions. Therefore, a more in-depth study is needed to determine the optimal operating conditions. In this study, the researcher performed theoretical head calculations where the procedure began by collecting supporting data, then performing calculations to obtain the results. Bernoulli equation was used to get the head value, whereas, Darcy-Weisbach equation was used for the loss of major head and minor head. The flow capacity was fixed at 7747.2 m3/h solid with the variations of digging angles of 45°, 50°, and 55° on the cross-sectional area for new, one month, two months, and three months usages. After obtaining a head value, the optimum pump rotations obtained for operating angles of 45 °, 50 °, and 55 ° respectively are 522,470 rpm, 523,569 rpm, and 524,550 rpm for new usage, 522,614 rpm, 523,706 rpm and 525,690 rpm for one month usage, 521,829 rpm, 522,931 rpm, and 523,917 rpm for two months usage, 521,030 rpm, 522.122 rpm and 523,142 rpm for three months usage.
Kajian Performansi Pompa Slurry pada Cutter Suction Dredger dengan Variasi Sudut Gali 35°, 40° dan 45°
Authors: Bonar Asybel , Sitepu Tekad
Published: January 2019

Cutter Suction Dredger adalah salah satu metode penambangan lepas pantai. Untuk mendistribuskan material tambang dari dasar laut menuju unit penyaringan, digunakan air sebagai media pembawa dibantu dengan pompa melalui jaringan pemipaan. Sistem pemipaan merupakan bagian yang sangat penting dalam menyalurkan fluida. Dalam pengoperasiannya didapat kerugian yang menimbulkan beban tambahan yang ditimbulkan oleh gesekan antara fluida dan padatan denga pipa beserta dengan komponennya.Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti melakukan perhitungan head secara teoritis dimana prosedur dimulai dengan pengumpulan data data pendukung, kemudian melakukan perhitungan untuk mendapatkan hasil. Dalam kondisi lapangan, didapat terdapat perubahan luas penampang pipa dikarenakan oleh gesekan . Untuk menghitung head, digunakan persamaan Bernoulli, untuk kerugian head major dan head minor digunakan persamaan Darcy-Weisbach dimana kapasitas aliran adalah tetap sebesar 250 m3/h solid insitu dengan variasi sudut gali 25°,35°, dan 45° pada luas penampang dengan pemakaian baru, 1 bulan, 2 bulan, dan 3 bulan. Didapat besar head untuk setiap sudut secara berurutan adalah 399 rpm, 414.762 rpm, dan 433.984 rpm untuk pemakaian baru, 398.808 rpm, 413.987 rpm, 432.713 rpm untuk pemakaian 1 bulan, 397.368 rpm, 412.888 rpm, 428.125 rpm untuk pemakaian 2 bulan, dan 395.263 rpm, 411.021 rpm, 420.069 rpm untuk pemakaian 3 bulan.

 

Cutter Suction Dredger is an offshore mining method. Water is used as a carrier medium to distribute mining material from the seafloor to the filtration unit, by pump through piping networks. Piping system is a very important part in channeling fluid. In the operation, the loss is obtained because of the additional burdens caused by friction between fluid and solid with pipe along with its components. In this study, researcher conducted theoretical head calculations where the procedure started by collecting supporting data, then calculated it to get results. In field conditions, it was found that there was a change in cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe due to friction. Bernoulli equation was used to calculate head, Darcy-Weisbach equation was used for loss of major head and head minor where flow capacity was fixed at 250 m3/h solid in situ with variation of digging angle were 25 °, 35 °, and 45 ° on cross-sectional area for new, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months usage. The head sizes for each angle sequentially were 399 rpm, 414,762 rpm and 433,984 rpm for new usage; 398,808 rpm, 413,987 rpm, 432,713 rpm for 1 month usage; 397,368 rpm, 412,888 rpm, 428,128 rpm, 428,125 rpm for 2 months usage; and 395,263 rpm, 411,021 rpm, 420,069 rpm for 3 months usage.
Analisa Koefisien Gesek Kinetis Terhadap Struktur Permukaan Jalan Akibat Beban Dinamik Mobil
Authors: Pasaribu Muhammad Nuh Hudawi , Sabri Muhammad , Nasution Indra
Published: January 2019

Tekstur permukaan jalan umumnya terdiri dari aspal dan beton. Kekasaran tekstur permukaan jalan dapat disebabkan oleh struktur perkerasan dan beban kendaraan. Kekasaran tekstur permukaan jalan, bebandan kecepatan kendaraan akan mempengaruhi koefisien gesek. Untuk mengetahui nilai koefisien gesek dilakukan penelitian dengan melakukan variasi beban mobil (Daihatsu Xenia, Toyota Avanza, Toyota Innova dan Toyota Yaris) terhadap kontak permukaan jalan (aspal dan beton) dan kecepatan kendaraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa massa, lebar kontak tapak ban terhadap permukaan jalan dan kecepatan sangat mempengaruhi nilai koefisien gesek kinetis. Koefisien gesek kinetis yang terbesar untuk ketiga kontak permukaan jalan (aspal lama IRI 10,1, Aspal baru IRI 6,4 dan beton IRI 6,7) dengan menggunakan mobil Daihatsu Xenia terjadi pada kondisi jalan beton yaitu 0,495 pada kecepatan 35 Km/Jam. Koefisien kinetis jalan beton > 52 % dibandingkan jalan aspal pada parameter IRI yang sama (6-8).Koefisien gesek kinetis > 0,33 diperoleh di jalan beton pada kecepatan 30 – 40 Km/Jam

 

The texture of road surface generally consists of asphalt and concrete. The roughness of the road surface texture could be caused by the structure of the pavement and the load of the vehicles. Roughness of road surface texture, load and speed of vehicles would affect to the coefficient of friction. This research was carried out to find out the value of the coefficient of friction by using various load of cars (Daihatsu Xenia, Toyota Avanza, Toyota Innova and Toyota Yaris) on road surface contact (asphalt and concrete) and vehicle speed. The result showed the mass, the width of the tire tread contact to the road surface, and speed very influenced the coefficient value of kinetic friction. The biggest kinetic friction coefficient for all three road surface contacts (IRI 10.1 old asphalt, IRI 6.4 and IRI 6.7) using the Daihatsu Xenia was on the concrete road condition i.e. 0.495 on a speed of 35 km/hour. The concrete road kinetic coefficient was >52% compared to the asphalt road in the same IRI parameter (6-8). The kinetic friction coefficient >0.33 was obtained on the concrete road on a speed of 30 - 40 km/hour.
Studi Sistem Lingkungan Penunjang Kehidupan Perumahan Sederhana Berkelanjutan
Authors: Siahaan Nelson
Published: January 2019

Masyarakat selalu berkeinginan mengatur lingkungan rumahnya melalui dua alat biasa digunakan yaitu; properti dan desain. Data menunjukkan bahwa kurun waktu tahun 2007 sampai tahun 2016, 87% rumah atau 2873 unit rumah di Perumnas Martubung I Medan yaitu; rumah tipe 29, tipe 36 dan tipe 54 melakukan transformasi fisik berupa; restorasi, renovasi, ataupun rekonstruksi. Transformasi ini menghasilkan karbon melalui emisi CO2 setara 2.895 ton.C [15]. Studi bagaimana sistem lingkungan penunjang kehidupan di Perumahan Martubung I membentuk perumahan sederhana berkelanjutan perlu dilakukan akibat dinamika pertumbuhan dan urbanisasi tinggi. Penelitian ini berangkat dari pemahaman adanya hubungan yang kompleks diantara semua komponen sistem lingkungan penunjang kehidupan perumahan sederhana yang mendorong transformasi bentuk rumah di Perumnas Martubung I. Perumnas Martubung I dipilih karena sejak dibangun tahun 2006 dalam kurun waktu 20 tahun terdapat 87 % rumah mengalami berbagai transformasi fisik rumah.Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner pada penghuni rumah. Analisa deskriptif dalam bentuk tabel frekuensi, persentase dan grafik, analisis korelasi untuk memprediksi komponen-komponen yang paling mempengaruhi perumahan berkelanjutan.Berbagai faktor penentu keputusan transformasi diidentifikasi dalam studi ini. Studi ini kelak akan mampu membuat strategi bagi kemungkinan skenario-skenario inovatif dan orisinal untuk mengendalikan perubahan bentuk desain rumah di perumahan sederhana berkelanjutan.

 

A community always wants to arrange their house environment through two commonly used tools, i.e. property and design. The data showed in the period 2007 to 2016, 87% or 2873 houses in Perumnas (National Housing) Martubung I Medan for type 29, type 36 and type 54 physically transformed by restoration, renovation or reconstruction. This transformation produced carbon through CO2 emissions equivalent to 2,895 tons. It needs to conduct a study of how life-supporting environmental systems in Perumnas Martubung I to design simple sustainable housing due to the dynamics of the high growth and urbanization. This study derived from complex relationship amongst components of a simple housing life support system that encouraged the transformation of houses in the Perumnas Martubung I. Perumnas Martubung I was chosen because since its construction in 2006, during 20 years, there were 87% of houses experiencing various physical transformations. The data was obtained through observation, interviews and questionnaires on residents. Descriptive analysis used frequency tables, percentages and graphs, as well as correlation analysis to predict the components that most influence sustainable housing. This study identified various determinants in transformation decision. This study will later be able to make a strategy for possible innovative and original scenarios to control the changes of house designs for simple sustainable housing.