bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dribble Deficit Enables Measurement of Dribbling Speed Independent of Sprinting Speed in Collegiate, Male, Basketball Players
Authors: Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Gentil Paulo , Moran Jason , Dalbo Vincent J. , Scanlan Aaron T.
Published: January 2019

Ramirez-Campillo, R, Gentil, P, Moran, J, Dalbo, VJ, and Scanlan, AT. Dribble Deficit enables measurement of dribbling speed independent of sprinting speed in collegiate, male, basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 2040–2045, 2021—The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between sprinting and dribbling speed in basketball during linear and change-of-direction (COD) sprints using total dribbling time and Dribble Deficit. Collegiate, male, basketball players (n = 10; 21.0 ± 1.6 years) performed linear and COD sprints with and without dribbling a ball. Linear dribbling sprints were measured for the dominant and nondominant hands, whereas COD dribbling sprints involved bilateral use of hands. Dribble Deficit was determined as the difference between total time (second) during each dribbling trial and the equivalent nondribbling trial for linear and COD sprints. Simple linear regression analyses were performed during linear and COD sprints to determine the relationship (R) and shared variance (R
2) between (a) sprinting times and total dribbling times and (b) sprinting times and Dribble Deficit. Large to very large, significant relationships were evident between linear sprinting and dribbling time for dominant (R = 0.86; R
2 = 0.74, p = 0.001) and nondominant hands (R = 0.80; R
2 = 0.65, p = 0.005). Trivial relationships were apparent between linear sprinting time and Dribble Deficit with dominant (R = 0.10; R
2 = 0.01, p = 0.778) and nondominant hands (R = 0.03; R
2 = 0.00, p = 0.940). A very large relationship was evident between COD sprinting and dribbling time (R = 0.91; R
2 = 0.82, p < 0.001), whereas a trivial relationship was observed between COD sprinting time and COD Dribble Deficit (R = −0.23; R
2 = 0.05, p = 0.530). Dribble Deficit eliminates the strong influence of sprinting speed on outcome measures typically seen when using tests predicated on total dribbling time. Consequently, Dribble Deficit may be of added use in basketball test batteries to measure dribbling speed across linear and multidirectional movement paths.
Relationship Between Running Economy and Kinematic Parameters in Long-Distance Runners
Authors: Pizzuto Federico , de Oliveira Camila Fonseca , Soares Tania Socorro Amorim , Rago Vincenzo , Silva Gustavo , Oliveira José
Published: January 2019

Pizzuto, F, Fonseca de Oliveira, C, Amorim Soares, TS, Rago, V, Silva, G, and Oliveira, J. Relationship between running economy and kinematic parameters in long-distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1921–1928, 2019—The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between running economy (RE) and sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane kinematic parameters in long-distance runners. A secondary purpose was to identify the kinematic predictors of RE during running at the lowest RE value, representing an individual's most efficient running intensity. Twenty recreational long-distance runners ran 3 submaximal stages on a treadmill (65, 75, and 85% of velocity at maximum oxygen consumption). Respiratory data were collected using a portable gas analysis system. Kinematics were gathered using passive retroreflective markers and 8 high-resolution infrared cameras to collect the respective trajectories. Hip, knee, and ankle angles at foot strike and stance phase, as well as spatio-temporal parameters were calculated during each gait cycle. Knee flexion/extension range of motion (ROM), knee ab/adduction ROM, and hip ab/adduction ROM during the stance phase of the gait cycle showed positive moderate to large correlations with RE (r ± 90% confidence intervals = 0.51 ± 0.29; 0.49 ± 0.30; 0.53 ± 0.28, respectively). Knee and hip ab/adduction ROMs during the stance phase are predictors of RE, accounting for 44% of RE variance. Therefore, sagittal and frontal plane kinematics affect RE-inducing alterations in running performance. Coaches, athletic trainers, and anyone involved in running training prescription should consider a relationship between these parameters to ensure optimal technique and, consequently, to improve RE in recreational long-distance runners.
Factors Related to Average Concentric Velocity of Four Barbell Exercises at Various Loads
Authors: Fahs Christopher A. , Blumkaitis Julia C. , Rossow Lindy M.
Published: January 2019

Fahs, CA, Blumkaitis, JC, and Rossow, LM. Factors related to average concentric velocity of four barbell exercises at various loads. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 597–605, 2019—The resistance exercise load is the primarily determinant of the average concentric velocity (ACV) during a repetition. It is unknown whether individual factors such as training experience or anthropometrics also influence the ACV. Previous research has shown the ACV during the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) varies between exercises, but it is not clear whether ACV is different between exercises at various percentages of the 1RM. This information could provide practical guidelines for trainees using ACV to select training loads. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether training age, current training frequency, limb length, height, and relative strength are related to ACV at loads between 35 and 100% of the 1RM for the squat, bench press, deadlift, and overhead press. A secondary purpose was to compare the ACV values between the 4 lifts at each relative load. Fifty-one (18 women and 33 men) completed 2 testing sessions in which the squat, bench press, deadlift, and overhead press ACV were measured during a modified 1RM protocol. Average concentric velocity values were significantly different among the 4 lifts (p < 0.05) at all relative loads between 35 and 100% 1RM except for 55% 1RM (p = 0.112). Generally, compared at the same relative loads, the overhead press exhibited the greatest ACV followed by the squat, bench press, and deadlift (in order). In addition, relative strength level was inversely related to ACV at maximal loads (≥95% 1RM) for the squat, bench press, and deadlift while height was positively related to ACV at moderate loads (55% 1RM) for all lifts (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the load-velocity profile is unique for each of these exercises, and that velocity ranges used for exercise prescription should be specific to the exercise. A trainee's relative strength and height may be a primary influence on the ACV.
Effects of a Rugby League Match Simulation on Decision-Making in Elite Junior Rugby League
Authors: Redman Kellyanne , Steel Kylie , Kelly Vincent , Siegler Jason
Published: January 2019

Redman, K, Steel, K, Kelly, V, and Siegler, J. Effects of a rugby league match simulation on decision-making in elite junior rugby league. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1972–1980, 2021—The paucity of research on decision-making in Rugby league within the context of a match, and the potential for age and playing experience to influence decision-making ability, warrants further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of a simulated rugby league match on decision-making in elite junior rugby league players. Twenty male junior rugby league players (age 15.9 ± 0.9 years, body mass 87.3 ± 14.3 kg, height 1.82 ± 0.07 m, playing experience 10.2 ± 2.4 years) completed a match simulation protocol that replicated the physiological demands of an elite junior rugby league match. Decision-making performance was measured prematch, midmatch, and postmatch simulation through a reactive agility test and video-based temporal occlusion task. Upper- and lower-body neuromuscular measures as well as ratings of perceived exertion were obtained before decision-making assessments to quantify fatigue. A 2-way mixed analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections was used to assess changes during the simulation, and significance was accepted at p < 0.05. The main finding of this study was despite observing a decline in neuromuscular function during the match simulation protocol (countermovement jump declined 1.9 ± 0.6 cm [95% confidence intervals 0.4–3.5]; p < 0.05), this decline did not significantly affect decision-making performance (reactive agility test [p = 0.58]; temporal occlusion [p = 0.88]). These results suggest elite junior rugby league players are capable of sustaining performance during a progressively fatiguing match simulation.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health, Handgrip Strength, and Muscle Mass Among College Students: The FUPRECOL Adults Study
Authors: Garcia-Hermoso Antonio , Correa-Bautista Jorge Enrique , Izquierdo Mikel , Tordecilla-Sanders Alejandra , Prieto-Benavides Daniel , Sandoval-Cuellar Carolina , González-Ruíz Katherine , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson
Published: January 2019

Garcia-Hermoso, A, Correa-Bautista, JE, Izquierdo, M, Tordecilla-Sanders, A, Prieto-Benavides, D, Sandoval-Cuellar, C, González-Ruíz, K, and Ramírez-Vélez, R. Ideal cardiovascular health, handgrip strength, and muscle mass among college students: the FUPRECOL Adults study. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 747–754, 2019—The American Heart Association established the 2020 Strategic Impact Goals to define the concept of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and the metrics needed to monitor it across populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between handgrip strength, muscle mass, and ideal CVH among Colombian college students. Data from 1,835 college students were analyzed (1,128 female). Muscular strength was estimated using a hand-held dynamometer and normalized to body mass (normalized grip strength [NGS]). The percentage of body fat was determined for bioelectrical impedance analysis using tetrapolar whole-body impedance. Ideal CVH was defined as meeting the ideal levels of 4 behaviors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet adherence) and 3 factors (total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure). Higher levels of NGS and muscle mass (relative to body mass) were associated with a higher number of ideal CVH metrics in both sexes (p for trend <0.001). For the total ideal CVH metrics scored on a continuous scale from 0 (all 7 poor) to 7 (all 7 ideal), a 1-metric increase was associated with reduced odds of weak NGS (33 and 36%) and low-medium muscle mass (28 and 34%) mass in men and women, respectively (all p < 0.001). This study indicates that in Colombian college students, both handgrip strength and muscle mass are positively associated with the ideal CVH metrics. To reduce the possible future public health burden of muscular weakness, health professionals need to encourage the public to optimize lifestyle-related risk factors during the young adult stage.
Dynamic Interactions Between the Genome and an Endogenous Retrovirus: Tirant in Drosophila simulans Wild-Type Strains
Authors: Fablet Marie , Jacquet Angelo , Rebollo Rita , Haudry Annabelle , Rey Carine , Salces-Ortiz Judit , Bajad Prajakta , Burlet Nelly , Jantsch Michael F , Guerreiro Maria Pilar García , Vieira Cristina
Published: January 2019

All genomes contain repeated sequences that are known as transposable elements (TEs). Among these are endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are sequences similar to retroviruses and are transmitted across generations from parent to progeny. These sequences are controlled in genomes through epigenetic mechanisms. At the center of the epigenetic control of TEs are small interfering RNAs of the piRNA class, which trigger heterochromatinization of TE sequences. The tirant ERV of Drosophila simulans displays intra-specific variability in copy numbers, insertion sites, and transcription levels, providing us with a well-suited model to study the dynamic relationship between a TE family and the host genome through epigenetic mechanisms. We show that tirant transcript amounts and piRNA amounts are positively correlated in ovaries in normal conditions, unlike what was previously described following divergent crosses. In addition, we describe tirant insertion polymorphism in the genomes of three D. simulans wild-type strains, which reveals a limited number of insertions that may be associated with gene transcript level changes through heterochromatin spreading and have phenotypic impacts. Taken together, our results participate in the understanding of the equilibrium between the host genome and its TEs.
Structural analysis of the elements of Lynch's image of the city based on space syntax
Authors: Gohari Hamid
Published: January 2019

Kevin Lynch, in The Image of the City, studied the mental image of citizens as separate elements, namely nodes, paths, districts, edges and landmarks, without considering the structural relations among them. Redefining these elements in the form of a coherent structure using the descriptors of space syntax theory makes a structural analysis of these elements possible. This study explored the relations between Lynch's elements and the descriptors of space syntax theory. Taking a descriptive–analytical approach, a theoretical framework was proposed following a literature review related to the image of the city and space syntax theory, which was then used to extract the mental image of the citizens of Bojnourd city (located in the North Khorasan province of Iran), with the elements redefined by isovists and axial lines from a structural aspect. The findings of this research demonstrated a close relation between the paths and nodes in the mental image map and the axial lines map of Bojnourd city. Finally, it was concluded that there was a multi-dimensional relation between Lynchian elements and descriptors of space syntax, which could have practical applications in urban development plans.
The Decline of the White Idiosyncratic: Racialization and Otherness in Costa Rica
Authors: Townsend-Bell Erica
Published: January 2019

This paper employs comparative historical analysis to trace the development of shifting notions of otherness and changes in the racialization of Nicas and Afro-Costa Ricans over time. I find that both Afro-Costarrican and Nicaraguan minority groups have been central to the national identity, albeit in distinct ways. Racialized comparisons between “dark-skinned” Nicaraguans and “white” Costa Ricans, has created a third way in the Costa Rican context, where traditionally mestizo Nicaraguan immigrants become darkened or “blackened” and Afro-Costa Ricans are simultaneously privileged and disadvantaged as localized and preferred others.
Genomic DNA extraction v1
Authors: Lima Ana
Published: January 2019

This is a modified protocol for extracting DNA by the phenol chloroform method from Leishmania stationary phase cells adapted from Uliana et.al. (1991). This protocol yields a large amount of DNA. However, the inorganic solvents used (phenol and chlorofromium) leave many residues in the sample. Therefore it is advisable to perform at least 5 washes in 70% ethanol in the penultimate step of the protocol. This protolocolo compatible for the realization of conventional PCR, real time, RFLP. It is not suitable for obtaining DNA to be used in total genome sequencing.
Isolation of Human Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans for Research v2
Authors: Lyon James , F Spigelman Aliya , Smith Nancy , Bautista Austin , O'Gorman Doug , E Manning Fox Jocelyn , Kin Tatsuya , E Macdonald Patrick
Published: January 2019

This protocol, and the five linked protocols, describe the equipment setup, solutions, and methodology for the isolation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans from human donor pancreas for research purposes. These protocols are employed by the Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore program in their work isolating, banking, and distributing human islets for research.
Проект длиною в четверть века. Исследование образов власти и лидеров в постсоветской России (1993-2018)
Authors: Шестопал Елена
Published: January 2019

Статья представляет собой обобщение результатов исследования образов власти и политиков, которое проводится с 1993 г. Этот уникальный проект позволил получить большой массив эмпирических данных о состоянии политического сознания российского общества, которые представлены в новой книге “Власть и лидеры в восприятии российских граждан. Четверть века наблюдений. (1993-2018)” под редакцией автора, выходящей в издательстве “Весь Мир”. В статье, которая является журнальным вариантом Заключения книги, автор пытается приподняться над эмпирикой и найти ответы на ряд сложных теоретических вопросов, которые дебатируются в современной политической науке, такие как вопрос о характере и перспективах демократического транзита в России; проблема преодоления ценностного раскола постсоветского общества; важнейшие противоречия массового политического сознания. 25 лет включенных наблюдений позволили автору предложить свою трактовку теории политического восприятия, апробировать авторскую методологию анализа политического сознания и показать возможные векторы ее дальнейшего развития.
Дискуссия о развитии Китая и перспективы его внешней политики
Authors: Лукин Александр
Published: January 2019

Подъем Китая в конце ХХ – начале ХХI вв., сопровождаемый беспрецедентным увеличением совокупной мощи страны, стал важнейшим фактором мирового развития и привел к его превращению во вторую по влиянию в международных отношениях страну. На волне роста внутри страны возникла острая дискуссия о перспективах внешнеполитического и внешнеэкономического курса Пекина, в ходе которой сложилось два лагеря. Лагерь активистов призывает действовать на международной арене как великая держава, беря пример с США: всеми имеющимися средствами, включая военные, обеспечивать экономические и политические интересы страны за рубежом, выдвигать собственные альтернативные западным концепции мирового развития, создавать новые торгово-экономические союзы и зоны. Фактически сторонники этой линии стремятся отойти от внешнеполитического курса Дэн Сяопина, призывавшего к скромности и сдержанности. Лагерь реалистов (прагматиков) считает, что необходимо продолжать придерживаться курса Дэн Сяопина, так как страна не созрела для великодержавности, может утерять преимущества, которые дает более скромный статус, и спровоцировать нежелательную реакцию международного сообщества. Нынешнее китайское руководство заняло в дискуссии промежуточную позицию – одновременно сдерживая наиболее радикальные предложения активистов, но беря на вооружение некоторые умеренные идеи. Дискуссия, ведущаяся с начала ХХI в., приобрела особую остроту после начала торговой войны с США, инициированной президентом Д. Трампом, которая выявила слабости Китая и зависимость его экономики от США. В ходе ее обострения рядом экспертов были подвергнуты критике некоторые моменты внешней и внутренней политики нынешнего руководства страны, в том числе его инициативу “Один пояс и один путь”: утверждалось, что она, а также ряд других программ, принятых китайским руководством, например, стратегия “Сделано в Китае. 2025”, могли спровоцировать жесткую политику Трампа, что поставило Китай в трудное положение. Вместе с тем некоторые формы реализации этой инициативы подверглись критике и в странах – партнерах КНР. В статье анализируются данные о дискуссии, ведущейся в основном непублично, и ее возможные последствия для внешне- и внутриполитического курса китайского руководства и российско-китайских отношений.
И не друг, и не враг: Дональд Трамп в российских СМИ
Authors: Казун Анастасия , Казун Антон
Published: January 2019

В статье рассматривается дискуссия в российской прессе о деятельности Д.Трампа во время избирательной кампании и в течение полугода после ее завершения. Авторы провели количественный анализ публикаций о Дональде Трампе в 500 журналах и 250 крупнейших федеральных газетах России. Источником данных относительно тона новостных сообщений об американском президенте послужила база “Медиалогия”, на основе которой делается вывод, что образ Трампа не был однозначно позитивным, как об этом писали некоторые зарубежные исследования. Опираясь на теорию сетевой повестки и базу печатной прессы “Интегрум”, авторы проанализировали контекст, в котором упоминался Д. Трамп за месяц до выборов, в месяц после выборов и в июне 2017 г., непосредственно перед его первой встречей с Владимиром Путиным. На базе анализа сетевых повесток в российской федеральной прессе можно сделать вывод, что во время выборов Трамп представлялся российскими СМИ не как фаворит гонки, а как противник Хиллари Клинтон и критик американской политики последних лет. В этом контексте его вероятный проигрыш позволил бы российским СМИ усилить негативное впечатление россиян от американских выборов. Однако после объявления результатов выборов российские СМИ поменяли тактику и начали писать о Трампе как о друге России, что было связано с надеждами на отмену политических и экономических санкций. Политика Трампа не оправдала ожиданий россиян, и уже с начала 2017 г. о нем стало выходить больше негативных, чем позитивных публикаций. Окончательно позитивный образ Трампа разрушился после начала американских военных действий в Сирии и введения новых санкций против России. В июне 2017 г. Дональд Трамп все чаще упоминался федеральными газетами в контексте таких вопросов, как хакерские атаки и протесты.
Новый этап деколонизации: от формальной суверенности к реальной
Authors: Энтин Марк , Энтина Екатерина , Торкунова Екатерина
Published: January 2019

Крах биполярной системы мироустройства поставил многих политиков и экспертное сообщество перед необходимостью скорректировать политологические концепции, нарративы и представления, в частности, касающиеся деколонизации как одной из ключевых тенденций глобального развития. Еще не так давно истеблишмент США и бывших метрополий, считая этап деколонизации завершенным и принадлежащим ушедшей эпохе, объявил универсальными трендами мирового развития модернизацию, европеизацию, вестернизацию, глобализацию и т.д. В действительности достоянием истории сделались только первые две фазы деколонизации: обретение формальной политической независимости и суверенитета над природными ресурсами. Однако соотношение сил в мире претерпевает тектонические сдвиги, давая деколонизации дополнительный шанс на завершение. Превращение Китая и большой группы развивающихся экономик в производственную и сборочную фабрики мира ознаменовало собой третью фазу – теперь уже фактической деколонизации, которая подкрепляется и подстегивается эмансипацией России, вновь взявшей на себя роль одного из ведущих мировых игроков. На повестке дня – следующая, завершающая стадия практической деколонизации. В ее цели входит обретение технологической и финансовой независимости и способности противостоять военной силе и угрозе применения силы, от кого бы они ни исходили. Среди факторов объективного и субъективного характера, тормозящих решение этих задач, – политическая дестабилизация и давление, переориентация финансовых потоков, санкционные войны и просто войны, и т.д. Но при ставке на международное сотрудничество конструктивных сил ограничительные факторы не смогут играть определяющую роль. При таком понимании доминирующих и латентных тенденций происходящие в мире трансформации перестают казаться непредсказуемой и драматической хаотизацией международных отношений, а предстают тем, чем они становятся все в большей степени – последовательным процессом окончательной деколонизации некогда зависимой части планеты.
Неореалистский подход к анализу военно-политической обстановки в Арктике
Authors: Кравчук Алексей
Published: January 2019

Современное состояние международных отношений в Арктике характеризуется высокой степенью недоверия на фоне активизации военной деятельности практически всех государств региона, что пагубным образом сказывается на перспективах обеспечения региональной безопасности. В статье представлен развернутый анализ военно-политической обстановки в Арктическом регионе. С точки зрения автора, в военном плане в Арктике представлены два основных игрока – Россия и НАТО. Результаты сравнительного анализа военной мощи двух этих игроков указывают на количественное превосходство НАТО. Однако по ряду причин в политическом плане НАТО пока еще не представляет собой актора, способного сформировать единую арктическую повестку для своих членов. Пытаясь определить, чем спровоцирован процесс наращивания военной мощи в регионе, автор прибег к применению базовых постулатов концепции наступательного реализма, в рамках которого необходимость выживания рассматривается в качестве главной цели любого государства, а основным побудительным мотивом для его действий выступает страх уничтожения. По результатам анализа автор приходит к выводу, что сегодня арктические государства стали заложниками “дилеммы безопасности”: в условиях кризиса доверия любой из региональных акторов имеет законные основания для взаимных опасений.
Александр Солженицын и политика
Authors: Кожокин Евгений
Published: January 2019

А.И. Солженицын взял на себя роль публичного политика в стране, где уже давно не было публичной политики в общепринятом понимании. После опубликования “Одного дня Ивана Денисовича” он обрел невероятную известность, по сути – политический капитал. Натолкнувшись на цензурные ограничения, он не стремился удержать себя в рамках советской легальности, но стал использовать ее, решаясь на все более и более рискованные шаги. Своей деятельностью Солженицын возрождал в России (СССР) политику как общественное явление. В литературных произведениях и в публицистике он формулировал максимы новой политической философии, а для распространения своих работ в стране и отправки их для публикации на Запад он создал тайную организацию “невидимок”. Ни одна диссидентская организация не обрела такого масштаба и такой политической эффективности. Вектор солженицынских ударов был направлен против советского социализма, но не против российской государственности. И в этом его философия трагически не коррелировала с реальностью. Российская государственность с 1917 по 1991 гг. была реализована в виде советского строя. Задачу трансформации социалистической системы в иной вид государственного управления, не разрушая самой управляемости страною, – сформулировать в рамках диссидентских парадигм, не удавалось. В итоге и политическая философия Солженицына не вышла за рамки российского нигилизма. Идеологическая и по сути политическая работа Солженицына принесла результаты: сформировалась группа населения, устойчиво негативно относившаяся к КПСС и социализму в целом. Но этот эмоционально насыщенный отрицательный заряд не коррелировал с представлениями о путях создания другой политической и социально-экономической системы в стране. К тому же интеллигенция в большинстве своем не пошла за Солженицыным, попав под обаяние идеологии потребления и анархического (столь дорогого русскому сердцу) понимания свободы. Никто не сделал столько для краха социализма в СССР, сколько сделал Солженицын, но крах социализма явился одновременно и крахом государства, которое по сути было российским. Этого-то писатель и политик Александр Солженицын категорически не желал.
Структура научной статьи по политологии и международным отношениям в контексте качества научной информации
Authors: Раицкая Лилия
Published: January 2019

Успешное продвижение российских социогуманитарных журналов в международные наукометрические базы данных (МНБД) связано с пересмотром понимания качества научной публикации с учетом самых разных аспектов и критериев, включая высокий уровень структурирования научной информации. В условиях избыточных информационных потоков и сопровождающих их информационных шумов формат научной публикации выступает как первичный критерий качественной статьи. Для того чтобы определить преобладающие виды научных публикаций среди высокоцитируемых статей в рейтинговых журналах по международным отношениям и политологии, выделить типичные подходы к структурированию таких журнальных научных публикаций в указанной предметной области и адаптировать наиболее эффективные международные практики в российскую научно-исследовательскую практику, автор провела исследование, в рамках которого были отобраны 100 наиболее цитируемых научных публикаций в предметной области “международные отношения и политические науки” в МНБД Scopus за период с 2013 г. по 2018 г., а также 70 статей, опубликованных в 22 журналах первого квартиля этой МНБД. Полученные результаты позволили эмпирически подтвердить, что к наиболее частотным видам журнальных публикаций по международным отношениям и политологии относятся оригинальные исследования (теоретические и эмпирические) и обзоры литературы (предметного поля). Автор выделила на основе анализа 170 статей типовые форматы теоретической и эмпирической оригинальных статей, определив в них те структурные компоненты, которые в силу исторических традиций зачастую не представлены в российских научных статьях. Отсутствие четкого структурирования, признанного международным сообществом, усложняет восприятие статей российских авторов международной читательской аудиторией и уменьшает шансы таких статей на включение в высокорейтинговые журналы, индексируемые в МНБД. Предложенные автором рекомендации в отношении требований к публикациям могут стать основой для более успешной интеграции российских рецензируемых журналов по международным отношениям и политическим наукам, а также по другим социогуманитарным наукам в мировое научное сообщество.
Восток дело тонкое: армия в политических процессах стран Азии
Authors: Конышев Валерий , Сергунин Александр
Published: January 2019

В рецензии на коллективную монографию “Армии на современном Востоке” под редакцией Д.В. Стрельцова обсуждается роль вооруженных сил в социально-политическом развитии стран Востока. В фокусе исследования авторов находятся вопросы правового положения армии, ее функции в обеспечении безопасности, участие армии в политических и экономических процессах, взаимоотношение армии и общества, актуальные вопросы реформирования и развития вооруженных сил. По мнению авторов книги, изучение роли армии в жизни государств Востока не теряет своей актуальности на протяжении многих лет. Это связано с историей становления государственности, особенностями политических процессов в афро-азиатском мире, современными процессами модернизации, которые объективно были связаны с активной ролью вооруженных сил в жизни общества. Особое внимание авторы уделяют военно-гражданским отношениям, которые отличаются большим разнообразием в зависимости от конкретных условий существования изучаемых государств – Египта, Израиля, Турции, Пакистана, Индии, Мьянмы, Таиланда, Индонезии, Китая, КНДР и Японии. Авторы показывают, что периоды повышения роли военных в политических и экономических процессах имели не только негативные, но и положительные стороны. Вооруженные силы не раз выступали гарантами сохранения государственности во время кризисных ситуаций и служили государству опорой в проведении социально-экономических преобразований. Авторы приходят к выводу, что в силу высокого потенциала конфликтности на Востоке влияние военных будет оставаться высоким в большинстве государств, хотя и не обязательно в прямой форме. В то же время во многих случаях созданы определенные механизмы сдержек и противовесов, предотвращающие чрезмерное усиление военных. Тем самым общества в известной мере адаптировались к исторически высокой роли военных в жизни общества.
Genişleyebilir Killerin Baskın Olduğu Kurak Alanlarda Buğdayda Farklı Üst Gübre Kullanımlarının Araştırılması
Authors: YILMAZ Kadir , DİKİCİ Hüseyin , DEMİR Ömer Faruk , ŞİMŞEK Abdurrahman , SOLAK Serdar , KENGER Yaşam , AĞAOĞLU Zehra
Published: January 2019

Bu
çalışmada, kurak koşullarda yetiştirilen buğdayda geç evrede verilen ikinci üst
gübre azotunun, bitkiye erken evrede amonyum ve üre formunda verilerek, azotun
2:1 tipi kil mineralleri tarafından fiksasyonu ile kurak dönemde bitkinin azot
ihtiyacının toprakta fikse edilen amonyum formundaki azotun serbestlenmesi ile
karşılanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, üre ve amonyum formunda tek
sefer azot uygulamasındaki tane veriminin, iki evrede verilen amonyum nitrat
uygulamasından daha yüksek olduğu, bin dane ağırlığının amonyum sülfat uygulamasında
en yüksek, amonyum nitrat uygulamasında en düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç
olarak, azotlu gübrelerin kurak alanlarda smektit ve vermikülitce baskın
topraklarda, erken dönemde tek seferde üre veya amonyum formunda toprağa
verilmesinin, iki defada amonyum nitrat azotu formunda verilmesinden daha
etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
Prevalence of teenage pregnancy and pregnancy outcome at a rural teaching hospital in India
Authors: Devi Okram Sarda , Reddy Ke Manga , Naga Samyukta B. Sree Chaitanya , Sadvika P. , Betha Kalpana
Published: January 2019

Background: Teenage pregnancy accounts for 11% of births worldwide and 95% of these occur in low middle income countries. Pregnancy and its complications are leading cause of death among these girls. This study was done to know the prevalence and to determine whether teenage mothers are at risk of adverse pregnancy outcome.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital, India between July 2015 to Dec, 2017. All teenage mothers delivered after 28 weeks of gestation were included. Women with Diabetes mellitus, renal disease, thyroid disorders were excluded. Demographic data, maternal complications like anaemia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth, mode of delivery, low birth weight, NICU admissions, stillbirth and early neonatal death were recorded.Results: In the present study, the prevalence was 7% which is less than that of other studies. Incidence of caesarean-Section in the present study was 31%. Amongst the complications oligohydramnious was found to be significantly associated with teenage pregnancy. NICU admissions were needed for 43% of the cases and 31% were LBW.Conclusions: High NICU admission and high LBW in newborns of teenage mothers were noted in the current study. Hence, there is urgent need to focus on the teenage pregnancy.
Functional outcomes of bone marrow aspirate concentrate application in osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Gursoy Safa , Akkaya Mustafa , Simsek Mehmet Emin , Bozkurt Murat
Published: January 2019

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a very common musculoskeletal disorder. Although total knee replacement is a suitable option in the treatment of severe OA, it has some limitations when performed in the early stage and early age. Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), which is rich in mesenchymal stem cells, is promising due to its potentially regenerative and symptomatic effects in many disorders of the musculoskeletal system. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of BMAC in terms of functional recovery in OA of the knee joint.Methods: Total of 52 patients with unilateral symptomatic knee OA but no inflammatory disease, advanced malalignment or instability were enrolled in this study. Bone marrow aspirate was collected from the iliac crest in one session, prepared using a manufactured kit and the patients received intra-articular injections of this BMAC. The mean age of the patients was 59.2±7.4 and the mean follow-up period was 22.1±3.6 months. Functional outcomes of the patients were evaluated using Modified Cincinnati and Tegner Lysholm scoring systems.Results: It was observed that both Lysholm and Cincinnati scores of the patients were statistically significantly higher throughout the follow-up period as compared to the period before the procedure (p=0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in Lysholm and Cincinnati ratings between gender, side and body mass index groups throughout the follow-up period (p >0.05). It was found that the results of the patients with Kellgren-Lawrence Grade 4 severe joint arthrosis were statistically significantly lower (p <0.05).Conclusions: Considering the functional outcomes of the patients up to two years, it was observed that the application of concentrated bone marrow aspirate provided functional recovery in arthrosis of the knee joint.
Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of Sarcomatoid carcinoma of head and neck mucosal region: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Qayoom Sumaira , Akhtar Naseem , Kumar Madhu , Agarwal Preeti , Maurya Malti Kumari , Raghuvanshi Shivanjali , Agarwal Apoorva , Goel Madhu Mati
Published: January 2019

Background: Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a biphasic tumour comprising both of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements derived monoclonally from same stem cells. These are unusual variants of squamous cell carcinoma and constitute less than 1% of the head and neck mucosal tumors. Only few studies have been published and needs more understanding to establish treatment guidelines. The aim of this study was to review the cases of carcinosarcoma arising from mucosal sites of head and neck and study their clinical, histological and Immunohistochemical features.Methods: Retrospective data and slides of histologically proven sarcomatoid carcinoma over a period of thirty -four months between January 2016 - October 2018 were retrieved and evaluated for various clinical and histopathological parameters.Results: Total of 22 cases were included in the study and the mean age of presentation was 58years with male: female ration 2:1. Most of the patients (81.8%) presented with a mass lesion of less than 6 months duration. The most common site was oral cavity (68.1%) followed by larynx (22.7%). Clinical stage was known in eleven cases. One case presented with pulmonary metastasis. Histopathologically, epithelial differentiation was identified in nine cases (41%) on morphology and in thirteen cases could be highlighted by cytokeratin positivity. The Mesenchymal component was arranged in sheets (63.7%) and fascicles (31.8%). Marked anaplasia and brisk mitosis wereseen in 54.5% and 19.3% respectively.  On immunohistochemistry all 22 cases were positive for Vimentin, twenty cases were positive for cytokeratin/EMA and aberrant mesenchymal markers were expressed in 10% of cases.  Follow up was available in eighteen cases out of which fourteen cases died within one year of diagnosis.Conclusions: Diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma is challenging especially on small biopsy because of overlapping features with other spindle cell tumors. Understanding the clinicopathological features facilitates their diagnosis and effective clinical management.
A comparative study of open (Milligan-Morgan) versus closed (Ferguson) haemorrhoidectomy with and without internal sphincterotomy
Authors: Singh Rita , Reddy T. Rudra Prasad , Kumar T. Santosh
Published: January 2019

Background: Normal anal canal contains cushion of submucosa with vascular tissues. When cushions become abnormal , cause symptoms. This clinical condition is known as haemorrhoids. Haemorrhoidectomy is surgery for haemorrhoids, which can be performed by Milligan-Morgan (open technique) or Ferguson (close technique) methods. This study is conducted to compare different surgical modalities of treatment for haemorrhoids.Methods: In total, 232 patients suffering from haemorrhoids with or without fissures were included in the study. Patients were categorized into two groups. Patients undergoing open technique were designated as open group, similarly patients undergoing close technique were designated as close group. In both groups for few patients internal sphincterotomy (I.S.) was performed. Post-operative pain was assessed by visual analogue scale in all groups, per operative haemorrhage was assessed by number of swabs used during surgery and VAS estimation, operating time and post-operative hospital stay were recorded.Results: 136 patients were suffering from haemorrhoids with fissures. Of these 84 patients were operated by open technique and 52 patients by close technique. In all 136 patients, internal sphincterotomy was performed. Remaining 96 patients were suffering from only haemorrhoids. Of these 30 patients were treated by open technique with I.S., 30 patients were treated by close technique only. 25 patients were treated by close technique with I.S. and 10 patients were treated by close technique without I.S. Close group and open group with I.S. experienced less pain compared to without I.S. in both groups. Per operative haemorrhage and hospital stay in close group was less . Operative time in open group was less compared to close group.Conclusions: Ferguson procedure is found to cause less post-operative discomfort. Addition of internal sphincterotomy is having a positive effect in reducing post-operative pain.
Relationship between focality and cervical lymph nodes metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Rageh Tarek M. , Samaka Rehab M. , Hagag Mahmoud G. , Motawa Elsayed A.
Published: January 2019

Background: Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) is the most common malignancy in thyroid gland and may be unifocal or multifocal. This study compares between unifocal and multifocal PTC to clarify which type has an aggressive behaviour.Methods: This retrospective and prospective cross-sectional study was done on one hundred PTC patients who underwent papillary thyroid cancer management. The unifocal and multifocal groups each one contains 50 patients. The study was done in the period between January 2015 to January 2018. Other types of cancer thyroid and distant metastatic thyroid cancer were excluded from the study. All patients underwent follow up for one year.Results: There are significant differences between unifocal and multifocal PTC regarding to age, the number of positive lymph nodes, history of multinodular goiter (MNG) and capsular invasion. The capsular invasion in multifocal increase the recurrence rate (P=0.03).Conclusions: The new proposed method for PTC tumor size assessment could be a valuable in multifocal PTC patient’s stratification into low risk and high-risk subgroups. Therefore, high risk multifocal PTC patients could have a poor prognosis and high rate of recurrence, for that require aggressive treatment and strict follow up.
Epidemiology of benign breast lumps, is it changing: a prospective study
Authors: Kumar Navin , Prasad Janardan
Published: January 2019

Background: There are wide range of benign breast diseases reported from India. Breast lumps are one of the commonest presentations. Although most of the breast lumps are benign but patient become anxious due to fear of malignancy. Due to this, there is an increase in the use of screening mammography and the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or core needle biopsy (CNB), most of which yield benign findings. This study is aimed to evaluate the incidence of different types of benign breast lumps in respect to age, size, side and site, relation with parity and use of oral contraceptive pills and analyses of this result in relation with the past and recent study on benign breast diseases.Methods: This study was conducted at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi (India) over a period of one and half years. Inclusion criteria was the cases with palpable breast lumps which were reported benign on either FNAC or CNB and exclusion criteria was the cases with breast malignancy and inflammatory breast lumps.Results: Most common benign breast lump (BBL) was fibroadenoma followed by fibrocystic disease of breast. Fibroadenoma was mainly presented with lump only whereas fibrocystic diseases of breast presented with lump and pain. Most of the BBL was found in nullipara and OCP non-users.Conclusions: Epidemiology of BBL is still the same when analyzed with past and recent study on the benign breast diseases. Triple assessment remains the key in the evaluation of breast lumps.
Role of conservative breast surgery in locally advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: El Sisi Alaa A. , Hagag Mahmoud G. , Hegazi Mohammed G.
Published: January 2019

Background: Locally advanced breast cancer represents 20%-25% of breast cancer patients at diagnosis. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the feasibility and the oncologic outcome in the treatment of patients of locally advanced breast cancer that had been downstaged by neoadjuvant chemotherapy to the extent that makes them eligible for conservative breast surgery.Methods: This prospective study was done on 50 female patients who were diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy to downstage cancer making it eligible for conservation, managed and treated at El Menoufia University Hospital and Tanta Cancer Center from March 2017 to March 2018 after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data were organized, tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Significant difference between pre and post-chemotherapy tumor size in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Conservative breast surgery with intraoperative frozen section assured free margins in all of them with acceptable cosmetic outcome. No local recurrence recorded after one year of follow up.Conclusions: In the present study, it was observed that conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy is effective in downgrading the tumor size and axillary lymph nodes in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Breast conservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe in terms of local recurrence.
Clinical profile of neonates admitted with hypernatremia in NICU at tertiary hospital in Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Authors: Pandya Nimisha , Mehta Kedar G.
Published: January 2019

Background: Neonatal hypernatremia is less common but significant  metabolic problem  with acute morbidity as well as long term consequences. Many causative  factors have been identified such  as inadequate breastfeeding, hot  weather with high  evaporative losses ,  infections etc. It is important to identify, anticipate and correct the condition before it leads to damaging consequences. The objective of the present study was evaluation of clinical profile, renal parameters and causative factors associated with hypernatremia in exclusively breast-fed infants.Methods: A retrospective review of  30 new-borns less than 28 days of age admitted in  GMERS General hospital for hypernatremia was conducted. The study group included inborn and out born admissions. Records were reviewed, feeding history, severity of hypernatremia and altered renal parameters were analysed. The study period was from April 2018to June2018i.e summer months.Results: Total NICU admissions were 303 during these months  out of which 30 were diagnosed  with hypernatremia completely and discharged. Mean age of presentation was 8.4 days. Sodium levels ranged from 146-179 mmol/l. Mild hypernatremia was most common (56.7%), followed by moderate hypernatremia in 40%. All neonates were on  exclusive breast feeding. Majority of the affected neonates were term SGA followed by term AGA and preterm AGA. Renal parameters were altered in quarter of affected  infants.  Most common clinical feature noted was lethargy(70%), followed  by fever(53.3%),significant weight loss ,jaundice and dehydration. 29 patients were successfully discharged on breast milk feeding.Conclusions: Hypernatremia though rare, is common in young infants in summer months. It is preventable and treatable condition. It is important to anticipate, identify and treat such patients at the earliest. Treating physicians and nursing staff should be more vigilant for establishment of breast feeding in low birth weight infants. Exclusive breast feeding for first six months of life should always be promoted.