bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Homotypic and Heterotypic Continuity Between ADHD Symptoms, Externalising and Internalising Problems from Age 7 to 15
Authors: Obsuth Ingrid , Murray Aja Louise , Di Folco Simona , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel
Published: November 2019

ADHD presents a serious community-health problem through its links to a wide range of negative outcomes. These outcomes are exacerbated when ADHD symptoms co-occur with other mental health problems. Research evidence suggests high rates of co-comorbidity with a range of problems. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal research that examines the predictive links between ADHD symptoms and symptoms of other mental health problems. We examined a cross-lagged autoregressive model in order to assess homotypic and heterotypic continuity between ADHD symptoms, aggressive behavior, non-aggressive behavior problems and anxiety/depression in a community-based sample of 1571 youth (761 female, 810 male) assessed annually from age 7 to 13 and again at age 15. Consistently significant correlations between each pair of problem behaviors provided support for concurrent comorbidity. Furthermore, significant autoregressive pathways provided support for homotypic continuity. Support for heterotypic continuity was limited to ADHD symptoms predicting both aggressive behavior and non-aggressive behavior problems, but not vice versa. Our study highlights the importance of focusing on ADHD symptoms to identify children at risk not only for continued ADHD symptomatology but also a range of externalizing behavior problems including different types of aggression and non-aggressive behavior problems, such as rule-breaking. Identifying these patterns in a community-based sample provides support for the possibility of early identification of risk for a range of problem  behaviors.
Understanding Number Line Estimation in Williams Syndrome and Down Syndrome
Authors: Simms V. , Karmiloff-Smith A. , Ranzato E. , Van Herwegen J.
Published: November 2019

Previous studies suggest that tasks dependent on the mental number line may be difficult for Williams Syndrome (WS) and Down Syndrome (DS) groups. However, few have directly assessed number line estimation in these groups. The current study assessed 28 WS, 25 DS and 25 typically developing (TD) participants in non-verbal intelligence, number familiarity, visuo-spatial skills and number line estimation. Group comparisons indicated no differences in number line estimation. However, the WS group displayed difficulties with visuo-spatial skills and the DS group displayed difficulties with number familiarity. Differential relationships between number line estimation and visuo-spatial/number familiarity skills were observed across groups. Data is discussed in the context of assessment of skills in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Continuous respiratory rate monitoring during an acute hypoxic challenge using a depth sensing camera
Authors: Addison Paul S. , Smit Philip , Jacquel Dominique , Borg Ulf R.
Published: November 2019

Respiratory rate is a well-known to be a clinically important parameter with numerous clinical uses including the assessment of disease state and the prediction of deterioration. It is frequently monitored using simple spot checks where reporting is intermittent and often prone to error. We report here on an algorithm to determine respiratory rate continuously and robustly using a non-contact method based on depth sensing camera technology. The respiratory rate of 14 healthy volunteers was studied during an acute hypoxic challenge where blood oxygen saturation was reduced in steps to a target 70% oxygen saturation and which elicited a wide range of respiratory rates. Depth sensing data streams were acquired and processed to generate a respiratory rate (RRdepth). This was compared to a reference respiratory rate determined from a capnograph (RRcap). The bias and root mean squared difference (RMSD) accuracy between RRdepth and the reference RRcap was found to be 0.04 bpm and 0.66 bpm respectively. The least squares fit regression equation was determined to be: RRdepth = 0.99 × RRcap + 0.13 and the resulting Pearson correlation coefficient, R, was 0.99 (p < 0.001). These results were achieved with a 100% reporting uptime. In conclusion, excellent agreement was found between RRdepth and RRcap. Further work should include a larger cohort combined with a protocol to further test algorithmic performance in the face of motion and interference typical of that experienced in the clinical setting.
Working for an entrepreneur: heaven or hell?
Authors: Nyström Kristina
Published: November 2019

Recruiting employees to an entrepreneurial venture is a challenging task. From the employee’s perspective, accepting a position in an entrepreneurial venture potentially implies considerable uncertainty. This paper provide a literature review and identifies research gaps related to labor mobility of employees into and out of entrepreneurial firms. Who works for an entrepreneur? What are the conditions under which the employees of entrepreneurial firms work? Additionally, labor mobility after an employee works for an entrepreneurial firm is discussed. In conclusion, the quality of the jobs generated by entrepreneurial firms may be questionable (and still relatively unexplored in empirical research), but they are nevertheless important from a labor dynamic perspective. Better understanding about motives to work for an entrepreneur, issues related to job security beyond survival rates, and job quality may contribute to ease the recruitment problems that many entrepreneurial firms struggle with. Furthermore, the relevance and potential pros and cons of working for an entrepreneurial firm in future career paths (entrepreneur or employee) need to be carefully addressed in future research.
The Public Power of Judgement: Reasonableness Versus Rationality—Setting the Ball Rolling
Authors: Cern Karolina M. , Aroso Linhares José Manuel , Wojciechowski Bartosz
Published: November 2019

The chief concern of the paper is to initiate discussion on the difference between the private and public power of judgement. The inspiration comes from Kant and his conception of the power of judgement, customs, morality and provisional law.
The Leading Role of Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine in Glycemic Control After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Rats
Authors: Camacho-Ramírez Alonso , Prada-Oliveira J. Arturo , Ribelles-García Antonio , Almorza-Gomar David , Pérez-Arana Gonzalo M.
Published: November 2019

Aims

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most effective surgical therapies for the rapid resolution of type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying the entero-hormonal response after surgery and the role of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in the restoration of normoglycemia are still not clear.

Methods

We reproduced the RYGB technique in Wistar and Goto–Kakizaki rats and performed serum hormonal, histological, and hormonal-infusion test.

Results

Using the diabetic Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rat model, we demonstrated that PYY plasma levels showed a remarkable peak approximately 30 min earlier than GLP-1 or GIP after mixed-meal administration in RYGB-operated rats with PYY. The GLP-1 and GIP areas under the curve (AUCs) increased after RYGB in GK rats. Additionally, the findings suggested that PYY (3-36) infusion led to increased GLP-1 and GIP plasma levels close to those obtained after a meal. Finally, the number of GLP-1-positive cells appeared to increase in the three segments of the small intestine in GK-RYGB-operated rats beyond the early presence of nutrient stimulation in the ileum. Nevertheless, PYY-positive cell numbers appeared to increase only in the ileum.

Conclusion

At least in rats, these data demonstrate an earlier essential role for PYY in gut hormone regulation after RYGB. We understand that PYY contributes to GLP-1 and GIP release and there must be the existence of enteroendocrine communication routes between the distal and proximal small intestine.
Presupposing, Believing, Having Faith
Authors: Gómez Rincón Carlos Miguel
Published: November 2019

This paper traces the borders between presupposing, believing, and having faith. These three attitudes are often equated and confused in the contemporary image of the historically and culturally situated character of rationality. This confusion is problematic because, on the one hand, it prevents us from fully appreciating the way in which this image of rationality points towards a dissolving of the opposition between faith and reason; on the other hand, it leads to forms of fideism. After bringing this differentiation into sharper focus, a concept of faith in turn will come into view which challenges contemporary forms of fideism, to the extent that it embraces the possibility of examining and evaluating  our systems of beliefs and basic presuppositions. This examination has nothing to do with justification or verification but rather with a sort of confrontation and discernment of the trust we have in what we take for granted.
Zivilstatistik: Konzept einer neuen Perspektive auf Data Literacy und Statistical Literacy
Authors: Engel Joachim , Biehler Rolf , Frischemeier Daniel , Podworny Susanne , Schiller Achim , Martignon Laura
Published: November 2019

Demokratie lebt von Argumenten, die auf nachweisbaren Fakten basieren. Lebendige Demokratien brauchen gut informierte Bürger, die relevante gesellschaftliche Fragen verstehen, diskutieren und sich in öffentliche Entscheidungsprozesse einbringen können. Dieser Aufsatz stellt in Erweiterung von Statistical Literacy eine Teildisziplin vor, die wir Zivilstatistik nennen. Zivilstatistik konzentriert sich auf das Verstehen statistischer Informationen über die Gesellschaft, wie sie von den Medien, Statistikämtern und anderen Statistikanbietern bereitgestellt werden. Die Herausforderung, Menschen zu befähigen, Sinn aus diesen Daten zu erschließen, richtet sich gleichermaßen an Bildungseinrichtungen (Schulen und Hochschulen) wie auch an Medien und Statistikanbieter. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz beschreiben wir die spezifischen Charakteristika von Zivilstatistik und begründen die Notwendigkeit dieser Teildisziplin, die im Schnittfeld von Statistik, Gesellschaftswissenschaften und – wegen ihres Bildungsauftrages – Erziehungswissenschaften liegt. Wir beschreiben ein Rahmenkonzept für Kompetenzen im Bereich Zivilstatistik und weisen auf reichhaltiges, frei verfügbares Lehr- und Lernmaterial hin, das im Rahmen einer europäischen Zusammenarbeit von sechs Hochschulen im Projekt ProCivicStat erarbeitet wurde. Aus unseren Analysen ergeben sich curriculare und bildungspolitische Empfehlungen, die diesen Aufsatz abschließen.
Jointly discussing care plans for real-life patients: The potential of a student-led interprofessional team meeting in undergraduate health professions education
Authors: Van Lierop Marion , Van Dongen Jerôme , Janssen Miriam , Smeets Hester , Van Bokhoven Loes , Moser Albine
Published: November 2019

Background Interprofessional education is promoted as a means of enhancing future collaborative practice in healthcare. We developed a learning activity in which undergraduate medical, nursing and allied healthcare students practice interprofessional collaboration during a student-led interprofessional team meeting.

Design and delivery During their clinical rotation at a family physician’s practice, each medical student visits a frail elderly patient and prepares a care plan for the patient. At a student-led interprofessional team meeting, medical, nursing and allied healthcare students jointly review these care plans. Subsequently, participating students reflect on their interprofessional collaboration during the team meeting, both collectively and individually. Every 4 weeks, six interprofessional team meetings take place. Each team comprises 9–10 students from various healthcare professions, and meets once. To date an average of 360 medical and 360 nursing and allied healthcare students have participated in this course annually.

Evaluation Students mostly reported positive experiences, including the opportunity to learn with, from and about other healthcare professions in the course of jointly reviewing care plans, and feeling collectively responsible for the care of the patients involved. Additionally, students reported a better understanding of the contextual factors at hand. The variety of patient cases, diversity of participating health professions, and the course material need improvement.

Conclusion Students from participating institutions confirmed that attending a student-led interprofessional team meeting had enabled them to learn with, from and about other health professions in an active role.
Phytoplankton uptake and growth rate in the Japanese egg cockle Fulvia mutica
Authors: Nagasoe Sou , Hisada Tetsuji , Nishitani Goh , Takeuchi Hiroyuki , Sakiyama Kazutaka
Published: November 2019

To clarify the relationship between the quantity of food ingested by and the growth rate of the Japanese egg cockle Fulvia mutica (Reeve), we conducted a laboratory breeding experiment for 2 weeks and estimated the chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentrations in water and the increments in shell length and soft-body weight of this species under five chl-a concentrations. Moreover, we compared the relationship between cockle growth (changes in soft-body weight and shell length) and their feeding environment observed in the laboratory experiment with the results of a field investigation conducted at two sites in the Sea of Japan, Kumihama Bay (35°38′5″ N, 134°54′00″ E) and Kunda Bay (35°33′30″ N, 135°15′4″ E). The changes in soft-body weight were similar in both laboratory and field investigations, but those in shell length were not. We, therefore, considered shell length changes as unsuitable for evaluating the relationship between growth and feeding in F. mutica. Based on the changes in soft-body weight, it was possible to classify the feeding environment of this species into the following three types: (1) < 1.52 μg chl-a L−1, negative feeding environment for cockle growth; (2) 1.52–5.71 μg chl-a L−1, neutral feeding environment for cockle growth; (3) > 5.71 μg chl-a L−1, positive feeding environment for cockle growth (growth increased with increasing chl-a concentration up to about 11 μg chl-a L−1). These results indicate that maintaining chl-a concentration in the breeding water within 5.71–11 μg chl-a L−1 is desirable for rearing Japanese egg cockle.
Radar Satellite Imagery for Detecting Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Forests
Authors: Hollaus Markus , Vreugdenhil Mariette
Published: November 2019

Purpose of Review

The overall objective of this paper is to review the state of knowledge on the application of radar data for detecting bark beetle attacks in forests. Due to the increased availability of high spatial and temporal resolution radar data (e.g. Sentinel-1 (S1)), the question is how this time series data can support operational forest management with respect to forest insect damage prevention. Furthermore, available radar systems will be listed and their potential for detecting bark beetle attacks will be discussed. To increase the understanding of the potential of radar time series for detecting bark beetle outbreaks, a theoretical background about the interaction of the radar signals with the forest canopy is given. Finally, gaps in the available knowledge are identified and future research questions are formulated which could advance our understanding of using radar data for detecting forest bark beetle attacks.

Recent Findings

Few studies already demonstrate the high potential of S1 time series data for forest disturbance mapping in general. It was demonstrated that multi-temporal S1 data provide an excellent data source of describing the phenological characteristics of forests, which provide the basic knowledge for detecting bark beetle induced forest damages. It has been found that the optimal time for data acquisition is April to June for the pre-event and August to October for the post-event acquisitions.

For detecting bark beetle induced forest damages, the literature review shows that mono-temporal radar data are of limited use, that shorter wavelength (e.g. C-band; X-band) have a higher potential than longer wavelength such as L-band and that the current S1 time series data have a high potential for operational applications.
Sibling dynamics in adolescence predict young adult orientations to couple relationships: A dyadic approach
Authors: Sun Xiaoran , McHale Susan M. , Updegraff Kimberly A.
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Adolescents' sibling relationships may serve as a training ground for couple relationships given their similar features, including companionship, closeness and role structure. This study used a dyadic approach to examine sibling intimacy and control in adolescence as predictors of young adults' couple relationship orientations (attachment avoidance and anxiety and attitudes toward marriage). Additionally, research documenting the significance of an other‐sex sibling for adolescents’ romantic competence guided tests of sibling dyad sex constellation as a moderator of links between sibling relationships and couple relationship orientations in our predominantly heterosexual sample of youth.

Method

Firstborns and secondborns from 151 families (Time 1 ages M = 16.42, SD = 0.79 and M = 13.83, SD = 1.14, respectively) reported on their sibling relationships in three annual home interviews and on their couple relationship orientations in web surveys ten years after Time 1.

Results

Estimating actor‐partner interdependence models revealed negative effects of sibling intimacy and positive effects of control toward sibling on avoidant attachment, and positive effects of control toward and by sibling on anxious attachment. Sex constellation moderated the interaction effects of the two siblings' intimacy reports on attitudes toward marriage: Mutual high intimacy among mixed‐sex dyads predicted more positive attitudes; among same‐sex dyads, adolescents' own intimacy compensated for siblings’ lower intimacy in predicting positive attitudes toward marriage. Findings emerged with parent marital love controlled.

Conclusion

Findings suggest long‐term effects of sibling relationships on couple relationship orientations and demonstrate the benefits of using dyadic approaches to examine the implications of sibling relationships.
Posting Sexually Explicit Images or Videos of Oneself Online is Associated with Impulsivity and Hypersexuality but Not Measures of Psychopathology in a Sample of US Veterans
Authors: Turban Jack L. , Shirk Steven D. , Potenza Marc N. , Hoff Rani A. , Kraus Shane W.
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Sending sexually explicit text messages (“sexting”) is prevalent among US adults; however, the mental health correlates of this behavior among adults have not been studied adequately. Furthermore, there are few studies examining the related but distinct behavior of posting sexually explicit photos or videos of oneself online (posting sexual images [PSI]) and the mental health correlates of this behavior.

Aim

To examine associations between sexting, PSI, impulsivity, hypersexuality, and measures of psychopathology.

Methods

Using a national convenience sample of 283 US post-deployment, post-9/11 military veterans, we evaluated the prevalence of 2 behaviors: sexting and PSI and the associations of these behaviors with psychopathology, suicidal ideation, sexual behaviors, hypersexuality, sexually transmitted infections, trauma history, and measures of impulsivity.

Main Outcome Measure

Measures of psychopathology including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, substance dependence, hypersexuality, and suicidal ideation, as well as measures of impulsivity, sexual behavior, and trauma.

Results

Sexting was found to be common among post-9/11 veterans (68.9%). A smaller number of veterans engaged in PSI (16.3%). PSI veterans were more likely to be younger, male, less educated, and unemployed. After adjusting for covariates, no associations were detected between PSI or sexting and the examined measures of psychopathology. However, PSI was associated with higher levels of impulsivity and hypersexuality, whereas sexting was not associated with these measures.

Clinical Implications

Results from this study suggest that not all digital sexual behaviors are associated with psychopathology. However, PSI was associated with hypersexuality and impulsivity. Those who engage with PSI may benefit from guidance on how to manage their impulsivity to prevent ego-dystonic sexual behaviors.

Strengths & Limitations

The strengths of this study include differentiating PSI from sexting broadly, highlighting that digital sexual behaviors are heterogeneous. Limitations include the study's cross-sectional design, which limits causal interpretations. More research is also needed in civilian populations.

Conclusion

PSI was less prevalent than sexting in our sample. This behavior was associated with impulsivity and hypersexuality but not with elevated levels of psychopathology. Sexting was not associated with any of these measures.
Composite materials for transmission components reduce friction and wear
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: November 2019

Freudenberg Sealing Technologies (FST) has spent several years developing special filler packages for new high-performance plastics materials that are targeted at applications such as sealing rings and thrust washers, which are used in automatic transmissions. This article briefly looks at these materials and describes the novel approach that the company is taking to the development of high-performance plastics.
Husserl’s Project of Ultimate Elucidation and the Principle of All Principles
Authors: Berghofer Philipp
Published: November 2019

It is well known that Husserl considered phenomenology to be First Philosophy—the ultimate science. For Husserl, this means that phenomenology must clarify the ultimate phenomenological-epistemological principle that leads to ultimate elucidation. But what is this ultimate principle and what does ultimate elucidation mean? It is the aim of this paper to answer these questions. In section 2, we shall discuss what role Husserl’s principle of all principles can play in the quest for ultimate elucidation and what it means for a principle to be ultimately elucidating (letztaufklärend) and ultimately elucidated (letztaufgeklärt). We will see that the Husserlian thesis that originary presentive intuitions are an immediate and the ultimate source of justification qualifies as the ultimate epistemological principle.
Millennial variability of rates of sea-level rise in the ancient harbour of Naples (Italy, western Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Vacchi Matteo , Russo Ermolli Elda , Morhange Christophe , Ruello Maria R. , Di Donato Valentino , Di Vito Mauro A. , Giampaola Daniela , Carsana Vittoria , Liuzza Viviana , Cinque Aldo , Boetto Giulia , Poveda Pierre , Boenzi Giuliana , Marriner Nick
Published: November 2019

We reconstructed the late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) evolution of the ancient harbour of Naples, one of the largest coastal conurbations in the Mediterranean. We carried out multiproxy investigations, coupling archaeological evidence with biological indicators. Our data robustly constrain 2000 yr of non-monotonic changes in sea level, chiefly controlled by the complex volcano-tectonic processes that characterize the area. Between ~200 BC and AD ~0, a subsidence rate of more than ~1.5 mm/yr enhanced the postglacial RSL rise, while negligible or moderate land uplift < ~0.5 mm/yr triggered a RSL stabilization during the Roman period (first five centuries AD). This stabilization was followed by a post-Roman enhancement of the sea-level rise when ground motion was negative, attested by a subsidence rate of ~0.5 to ~1 mm/yr. Our analysis seems to indicate very minor impacts of this nonmonotonic RSL evolution on the activities of the ancient harbour of Naples, which peaked from the third century BC to the second century AD. After this period, the progressive silting of the harbour basin made it impossible to safely navigate within the basin, leading to the progressive decline of the harbour.
In vitroprebiotic potential of agricultural by-products on intestinal fermentation, gut barrier and inflammatory status of piglets
Authors: Uerlings Julie , Schroyen Martine , Bautil An , Courtin Christophe , Richel Aurore , Sureda Ester A. , Bruggeman Geert , Tanghe Sofie , Willems Els , Bindelle Jérôme , Everaert Nadia
Published: November 2019

The inclusion of fibre-rich ingredients in diets is one possible strategy to enhance intestinal fermentation and positively impact gut ecology, barrier and immunity. Nowadays, inulin-type fructans are used as prebiotics in the feed of piglets to manipulate gut ecology for health purposes. Likewise, some by-products could be considered as sustainable and inexpensive ingredients to reduce gut disorders at weaning. In the present study, chicory root and pulp, citrus pulp, rye bran and soya hulls were tested in a three-stepin vitromodel of the piglet’s gastro-intestinal tract combining a pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis (digestion), a dialysis step using cellulose membranes (absorption) and a colonic batch fermentation (fermentation). The fermentation kinetics, SCFA and microbiota profiles in the fermentation broth were assessed as indicators of prebiotic activity and compared with the ones of inulin. The immunomodulatory effects of fermentation supernatant (FS) were investigated in cultured intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) by high-throughput quantitative PCR. Chicory root displayed a rapid and extensive fermentation and induced the second highest butyrate ratio after inulin. Citrus pulp demonstrated high acetate ratios and induced elevatedClostridiumclusters IV and XIVa levels. Chicory root and pulp FS promoted the intestinal barrier integrity with up-regulated tight and adherens junction gene expressions in comparison with inulin FS. Chicory pulp FS exerted anti-inflammatory effects in cultured IPEC-J2. The novel approach combining anin vitrofermentation model with IPEC-J2 cells highlighted that both chicory root and pulp appear to be promising ingredients and should be considered to promote intestinal health at weaning.
Intelligent product-gene acquisition method based on K-means clustering and mutual information-based feature selection algorithm
Authors: Li Pan , Ren Yanzhao , Yan Yan , Wang Guoxin
Published: November 2019

Conceptual design is a key stage of product design and has received increasing attention in recent years. However, this stage is characterized by limited information, large uncertainty, and multidisciplinary aspects. Thus, increased workload and time cost are associated with conceptual design information acquisition; sometimes, it is difficult to develop novel solutions and the feasibility of the solutions obtained according to these limited and uncertain information is difficult to guarantee. Genetics-based design (GBD) is an effective approach to develop novel solutions and improve the reuse of knowledge, which is consistent with the goal of the conceptual design process. Product-gene acquisition is the premise and basis of GBD. At present, there are few reported studies in this area; most of the existing works are constrained by the structural aspects of the acquisition process, and there are limited studies on specific implementation techniques. To explore the specific implementation technologies of product-gene acquisition, an intelligent acquisition method based on K-means clustering and mutual information-based feature selection algorithm is proposed in this paper. The product genes defined in this paper are key product information that determines the nature of the product and influences the conceptual design process. Thus, solutions obtained according to them are more feasible than that based on limited and uncertain information. An illustrative example is presented. The results show that the proposed method can achieve intelligent acquisition of product genes to a certain extent. Further, the proposed method will allow designers to quickly search for the corresponding product genes when performing similar functional design tasks.
Formation of advanced glycation endproducts in foods during cooking process and underlying mechanisms: a comprehensive review of experimental studies
Authors: Inan-Eroglu Elif , Ayaz Aylin , Buyuktuncer Zehra
Published: November 2019

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) are a group of complex and heterogeneous molecules, sharing some common characteristics such as covalent cross-link formation among proteins, the effect of transforming the colour of food products into yellow-brown colours and fluorescence formation. AGE are linked to many diseases including diabetes, renal diseases, CVD, liver diseases, neuro-degenerative and eye disorders, female reproductive dysfunction, and even cancer. AGE are formed endogenously but are also provided from exogenous sources including diet and tobacco. Western diet, rich in processed and/or heat-treated foods, fat and sugar, increases the exposure to AGE. The foods that contain high levels of fat and protein are generally rich in terms of AGE, and are also prone to AGE formation during cooking compared with carbohydrate-rich foods such as vegetables, fruits, legumes and whole grains. The present article aimed to review the literature about the effects of different cooking methods and conditions on the AGE content of food and AGE formation mechanisms using a comprehensive approach.
Impact of enucleation on adult retinoblastoma survivors’ quality of life: A qualitative study of survivors' perspectives
Authors: Banerjee Smita C. , Pottenger Elaine , Petriccione Mary , Chou Joanne F. , Ford Jennifer S. , Sklar Charles A. , Robison Leslie L. , Kleinerman Ruth A. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Francis Jasmine H. , Abramson David H. , Dunkel Ira J. , Friedman Danielle Novetsky
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor of childhood with >95% survival rates in the US. Traditional therapy for retinoblastoma often included enucleation (removal of the eye). While much is known about the visual, physical, and cognitive ramifications of enucleation, data are lacking about survivors' perception of how this treatment impacts overall quality of life.

Methods

Qualitative analysis of an open-ended response describing how much the removal of an eye had affected retinoblastoma survivors' lives and in what ways in free text, narrative form.

Results

Four hundred and four retinoblastoma survivors who had undergone enucleation (bilateral disease = 214; 52% female; mean age = 44, SD = 11) completed the survey. Survivors reported physical problems (n = 205, 50.7%), intrapersonal problems (n = 77, 19.1%), social and relational problems (n = 98, 24.3%), and affective problems (n = 34, 8.4%) at a mean of 42 years after diagnosis. Three key themes emerged from survivors' responses; specifically, they (1) continue to report physical and intrapersonal struggles with appearance and related self-consciousness due to appearance; (2) have multiple social and relational problems, with teasing and bullying being prominent problems; and (3) reported utilization of active coping strategies, including developing more acceptance and learning compensatory skills around activities of daily living.

Significance of results

This study suggests that adult retinoblastoma survivors treated with enucleation continue to struggle with a unique set of psychosocial problems. Future interventions can be designed to teach survivors more active coping skills (e.g., for appearance-related issues, vision-related issues, and teasing/bullying) to optimize survivors' long-term quality of life.
Overview of the GF‐7 Laser Altimeter System Mission
Authors: Tang Xinming , Xie Junfeng , Liu Ren , Huang Genghua , Zhao Chenguang , Zhen Ying , Tang Hongzhao , Dou Xianhui
Published: November 2019

The Gao Fen 7 (GF‐7) satellite is China's first submeter, high‐resolution Earth observation and remote sensing satellite for natural resource monitoring, land surveying, and other industrial applications in China. The GF‐7 laser altimeter system is the successor of the ZiYuan3‐02 (ZY3‐02 satellite) laser altimeter. The key objective of the GF‐7 laser altimetry system is to provide high‐precision ground elevation control points that assist in optical imaging to achieve 1:10000 mapping in China. This paper introduces the GF‐7 laser altimeter system payload specifications, mission objectives, in‐orbit calibration plan, data products, and service policy. In the future, the GF‐7 laser altimeter system will also serve multidisciplinary and professional applications through its precise elevation measurement capabilities. In addition, it will play a vital role in Earth observation, climate change monitoring, and environmental protection.
Impact of Inorganic Particles of Sedimentary Origin on Global Dissolved Iron and Phytoplankton Distribution
Authors: Beghoura H. , Gorgues T. , Aumont O. , Planquette H.F. , Tagliabue A. , Auger P.‐A.
Published: November 2019

Iron is known to be the limiting nutrient for the phytoplankton growth over ~40% of the global ocean and to impact the structure of marine ecosystems. Dissolved iron (DFe) is assumed to be the only form available to phytoplankton while particulate iron (PFe) has mostly been considered for its role in the biogenic iron remineralization and induced scavenging. Therefore, most studies focused on the nature of DFe external sources to the ocean (i.e., eolian dust, riverine fluxes, hydrothermal sources, and sediment) and their quantification, which still remain uncertain. Among these external sources, the sedimentary sources have been shown to be underestimated. Moreover, the iron supply from sediments has been documented to be often larger in the particle fraction. Here we test the impacts of an iron sediment source of inorganic particulate iron (PFeInorg) on global DFe and phytoplankton distribution. We use experimentally acquired knowledge to test a parameterization of a PFeInorg pool in a global biogeochemical model and compare with published indirect estimation. Depending on the parameterization of its dissolution and sinking speed, the PFeInorg can noticeably enrich water masses in DFe during its transport from the sediment to the open ocean, notably in regions not usually accessible to external DFe inputs. Indeed, the fact that DFe is prone to scavenging reduces the impact of equivalent Fe inputs from sediments in the dissolved form in those regions far from the sediment sources. PFeInorg thereby has the potential to fuel the phytoplankton growth in offshore regions impacting the coastal‐offshore chlorophyll gradient.
Black Carbon and Inorganic Aerosols in Arctic Snowpack
Authors: Mori Tatsuhiro , Goto‐Azuma Kumiko , Kondo Yutaka , Ogawa‐Tsukagawa Yoshimi , Miura Kazuhiko , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Oshima Naga , Koike Makoto , Kupiainen Kaarle , Moteki Nobuhiro , Ohata Sho , Sinha P.R. , Sugiura Konosuke , Aoki Teruo , Schneebeli Martin , Steffen Konrad , Sato Atsushi , Tsushima Akane , Makarov Vladimir , Omiya Satoshi , Sugimoto Atsuko , Takano Shinya , Nagatsuka Naoko
Published: November 2019

Black carbon (BC) deposited on snow lowers its albedo, potentially contributing to warming in the Arctic. Atmospheric distributions of BC and inorganic aerosols, which contribute directly and indirectly to radiative forcing, are also greatly influenced by depositions. To quantify these effects, accurate measurement of the spatial distributions of BC and ionic species representative of inorganic aerosols (ionic species hereafter) in snowpack in various regions of the Arctic is needed, but few such measurements are available. We measured mass concentrations of size‐resolved BC (CMBC) and ionic species in snowpack by using a single‐particle soot photometer and ion chromatography, respectively, over Finland, Alaska, Siberia, Greenland, and Spitsbergen during early spring in 2012–2016. Total BC mass deposited per unit area (DEPMBC) during snow accumulation periods was derived from CMBC and snow water equivalent (SWE). Our analyses showed that the spatial distributions of anthropogenic BC emission flux, total precipitable water, and topography strongly influenced latitudinal variations of CMBC, BC size distributions, SWE, and DEPMBC. The average size distributions of BC in Arctic snowpack shifted to smaller sizes with decreasing CMBC due to an increase in the removal efficiency of larger BC particles during transport from major sources. Our measurements of CMBC were lower by a factor of ~13 than previous measurements made with an Integrating Sphere/Integrating Sandwich spectrophotometer due mainly to interference from coexisting non‐BC particles such as mineral dust. The SP2 data presented here will be useful for constraining climate models that estimate the effects of BC on the Arctic climate.
Seasonal Variations of Arctic Low‐Level Clouds and Its Linkage to Sea Ice Seasonal Variations
Authors: Yu Yueyue , Taylor Patrick C. , Cai Ming
Published: November 2019

Using CALIPSO‐CloudSat‐Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System‐Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer data set, this study documents the seasonal variation of sea ice, cloud, and atmospheric properties in the Arctic (70°N–82°N) for 2007–2010. A surface‐type stratification—consisting Permanent Ocean, Land, Permanent Ice, and Transient Sea Ice—is used to investigate the influence of surface type on low‐level Arctic cloud liquid water path (LWP) seasonality. The results show significant variations in the Arctic low‐level cloud LWP by surface type linked to differences in thermodynamic state. Subdividing the Transient Ice region (seasonal sea ice zone) by melt/freeze season onset dates reveals a complex influence of sea ice variations on low cloud LWP seasonality. We find that lower tropospheric stability is the primary factor affecting the seasonality of cloud LWP. Our results suggest that variations in sea ice melt/freeze onset have a significant influence on the seasonality of low‐level cloud LWP by modulating the lower tropospheric thermal structure and not by modifying the surface evaporation rate in late spring and midsummer. We find no significant dependence of the May low‐level cloud LWP peak on the melt/freeze onset dates, whereas and September/October low‐level cloud LWP maximum shifts later in the season for earlier melt/later freeze onset regions. The Arctic low cloud LWP seasonality is controlled by several surface‐atmosphere interaction processes; the importance of each varies seasonally due to the thermodynamic properties of sea ice. Our results demonstrate that when analyzing Arctic cloud‐sea ice interactions, a seasonal perspective is critical.
Regional Biases in MODIS Marine Liquid Water Cloud Drop Effective Radius Deduced Through Fusion With MISR
Authors: Fu Dongwei , Di Girolamo Larry , Liang Lusheng , Zhao Guangyu
Published: November 2019

Satellite measurements from Terra's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) represent our longest, single‐platform, global record of the effective radius (Re) of the cloud drop size distribution. Quantifying its error characteristics has been challenging because systematic errors in retrieved Re covary with the structural characteristics of the cloud and the Sun‐view geometry. Recently, it has been shown that the bias in MODIS Re can be estimated by fusing MODIS data with data from Terra's Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR). Here, we relate the bias to the observed underlying conditions to derive regional‐scale, bias‐corrected, monthly‐mean Re1.6, Re2.1, and Re3.7 values retrieved from the 1.6, 2.1, and 3.7 μm MODIS spectral channels. Our results reveal that monthly‐mean bias in Re2.1 exhibits large regional dependency, ranging from at least ~1 to 10 μm (15 to 60%) varying with scene heterogeneity, optical depth, and solar zenith angle. Regional bias‐corrected monthly‐mean Re2.1 ranges from 4 to 17 μm, compared to 10 to 25 μm for uncorrected Re2.1, with estimated uncertainties of 0.1 to 1.8 μm. The bias‐corrected monthly‐mean Re3.7 and Re2.1 show difference of approximately +0.6 μm in the coastal marine stratocumulus regions and down to approximately −2 μm in the cumuliform cloud regions, compared to uncorrected values of about −1 to −6 μm, respectively. Bias‐corrected Re values compare favorably to other independent data sources, including field observations, global model simulations, and satellite retrievals that do not use retrieval techniques similar to MODIS. This work changes the interpretation of global Re distributions from MODIS Re products and may further impact studies, which use the original MODIS Re products to study, for example, aerosol‐cloud interactions and cloud microphysical parameterization.
Response of Humic Acids and Soil Organic Matter to Vegetation Replacement in Subtropical High Mountain Forests
Authors: Wang Hsueh‐Ching , Tian Guanglong , Chen Chiou‐Pin , Chang Ed‐Haun , Chou Chiao‐Ying , Chiou Chyi‐Rong , Chiu Chih‐Yu
Published: November 2019

Reforestation can alter the chemical composition of soil organic matter (SOM) and humification; however, information on how specific plant types impact SOM lability and humification is not well documented. In this study, we used solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, photometric analysis, and chemical fractionation to examine carbon (C) components and lability of SOM in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest and bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) plantation that reforested a cutover primary broadleaf forest. The ∆logK value of soil humic acids, the inverse index of SOM humification, was lowest in the bamboo plantation, suggesting a higher SOM humification stage in the bamboo plantation. The soil labile C/Total C ratio was highest in the bamboo plantation, and this can be attributed to low aromaticity and alkyl‐C/O‐alkyl‐C ratio (A/O‐A) in the bamboo litter. Intensive cultivation of the bamboo plantation accelerated litter breakdown in the strongly acidic soil, resulting in the depletion of SOM. Cedar coniferous leaves, with their high recalcitrant substances and slow decomposition, only slightly lowered SOM humification due to the substantial broadleaf understory. Our results suggest that the type of plants involved in reforestation and understory reestablishment is critical to how SOM humification and lability change during the reforestation through the control of litter C components. Further research into the interaction between microclimate change and forest type in forest conversion will be useful for increasing understanding on the impact of forest conversion on SOM lability and humification in subtropical high mountain forest ecosystems.
Organic Carbon Origin, Benthic Faunal Consumption, and Burial in Sediments of Northern Atlantic and Arctic Fjords (60–81°N)
Authors: Włodarska‐Kowalczuk Maria , Mazurkiewicz Mikołaj , Górska Barbara , Michel Loïc N. , Jankowska Emilia , Zaborska Agata
Published: November 2019

Fjords have been recently recognized as hot spots of organic carbon (Corg) sequestration in marine sediments. This study aims to identify regional and local drivers of variability of Corg burial in north Atlantic and Arctic fjords. We provide a comparative quantification of Corg, δ13C, photosynthetic pigments content, benthic biomass, consumption, Corg accumulation, and burial rates in sediments in six fjords (60–81°N). Higher sediment Corg content in southern Norway reflected longer phytoplankton growth season and higher productivity. Higher contributions of terrestrial Corg were noted in temperate/southern Norway (dense land vegetation and high precipitation) and Arctic/Svalbard (glacial erosion) than in subarctic/northern Norway locations. Benthic biomass and carbon consumption were best correlated to δ13C and photosynthetic pigments content indicating control by quality rather than quantity of available food. Benthic faunal consumption did not seem to affect the variability in Corg burial. Regional environmental factors (water temperature and latitude) combined with local factors (Corg, grain size, and pigment concentration) explained 94% of Corg burial variability. Based on the present study and literature data on Corg content, origin, and burial rates, the fjords were classified into four categories: temperate, subarctic, Arctic with glaciers, and Arctic without glaciers. The variability in marine productivity, terrestrial inflows, and carbon sequestration in fjords must be considered for global estimates of their role in blue carbon storage and for building scenarios of future changes in the course of climate warming.
Microbial Processing of Sediment‐Derived Dissolved Organic Matter: Implications for Its Subsequent Biogeochemical Cycling in Overlying Seawater
Authors: Cai Ruanhong , Zhou Wenchu , He Chen , Tang Kai , Guo Weidong , Shi Quan , Gonsior Michael , Jiao Nianzhi
Published: November 2019

Coastal sediments contain a large amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which can be mobilized into the overlying water by natural and anthropogenic activities. The bioavailability and subsequent biogeochemical effects of this sediment‐derived DOM are unclear. To investigate those, we collected a sediment pore‐water DOM (SDOM) sample and its overlying seawater to conduct a bioassay experiment, which allowed tracking of both short‐term and long‐term microbial processes in the context of DOM transformations. Short‐term incubation results show that the SDOM extract supported the growth of specific taxa. The microbial community composition changed dramatically and an approximately 50% of SDOM‐derived carbon was consumed within the first 2 days. Viruses likely played a role in promoting bacterial community succession, further enhancing transformation of this SDOM. Long‐term incubation results show that labile DOM was gradually consumed, while approximately 16% of the initial SDOM appeared to be recalcitrant to microbial utilization and remained at the end (after 110 days) of the incubation experiment. Despite the short‐term drastic changes in microbial community composition, a highly diverse microbial community is similar to the control at the end of the incubation. It is suggested here that resuspension of coastal sediments weakens their role as a net sink of carbon, with most of the mobilized SDOM transformed by successive microbial communities in the overlying seawater and the remaining recalcitrant organic material becoming part of the long‐lived DOM pool. Thus, the bioavailability of the coastal SDOM might influence the carbon budget in coastal oceans.