bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cable and Mirror Sutures and the Nasal Septum Sublaminar Dissection
Authors: Neves Jose Carlos , Martin Patricia Regalado
Published: January 2023

Managing the nasal septum (NS) position is crucial in septorhinoplasty. The analysis and the preparation of the anterior nasal spine and the quadrangular cartilage as well as the strategy defined to efficiently stabilize the septum will dictate considerably the success of the result. Moreover, what we see in the surgical table can suffer modifications during the healing process because of poor fixation or the cheese-wire effect of the cartilage. We will present a logical sequence and tools to achieve a proper and stable position of the NS and the nasal pyramid. The sublaminar (supraperichondral) dissection of the quadrangular cartilage as an option to the subperichondral one and the use of cable and mirror sutures to three-dimensionally positioning and stabilizing the NS will be described.
Multiple Component Pharmacokinetics after Oral Administration of Gnaphalium affine Extract in Rats
Authors: Han Shiyi , Liu Xizi , Chen Ye , Chen Junping , Han Qinghua , Fan Siyang
Published: January 2023

Gnaphalium affine is traditionally used to treat hyperuricemia and gout in China. Recently, the hypouricemic and renal protective effects of G. affine extract (GAD) have been
deeply evaluated. However, little is known about the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of bioactive constituents in GAD. This study is aimed at investigating the individual and holistic
pharmacokinetics of 10 bioactive components (including caffeic acid, caffeoylquinic acids, and flavonoids) in rats after single and multiple administrations of GAD. GAD is orally dosed to
normal male rats at doses of 225, 450, or 900 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days and also orally administrated to uric acid nephropathy (UAN) rats at a dose of 900 mg/kg/day for 28
consecutive days. Integrated PKs of multiple components are calculated by area under the curve (AUC)-based weighting approach. All the components show a double-peak phenomenon in terms of
their plasma concentration-time curves, suggesting that the components undergo enterohepatic circulation. The integrated AUC increases in a good dose-proportional manner with GAD dose.
Compared with that in normal rats, the plasma exposure of caffeic acid and caffeoylquinic acids increases by 2.3- to 4.3-fold after 10-day chronic treatment of 900 mg/kg GAD in UAN rats.
Modest drug accumulation is observed after 28-day chronic treatment.
The History of Factor XIII Deficiency
Authors: Dorgalaleh Akbar
Published: January 2023

Despite the early discovery of factor XIII (FXIII) in 1944, the diagnosis of FXIII deficiency was not made until 1960, after all the other coagulation factor deficiencies, most likely due to the normality of routine coagulation testing in FXIII deficiency. Although the first case was detected by the clot solubility test and this test has long since been used to detect FXIII deficiency, the test is no longer recommended by experts. Over the past 60 years, knowledge about FXIII deficiency has expanded considerably, between 1992, when the first variant was identified, and 2022, 197 mutations have been reported. Almost all missense mutations have a similar effect on FXIII, leading to instability and faster degradation of mutant FXIII protein. Therapeutic options have evolved from historical fresh frozen plasma (FFP), old plasma, whole blood, and cryoprecipitate, to plasma-derived and recombinant FXIII concentrates, respectively available since 1993 and 2012. These concentrate products were respectively approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011 and 2013. This historical review covers various aspects of FXIII related disorders, including the discovery of the FXIII, associated disorders, molecular basis, diagnosis, and treatment of FXIII deficiency.
Position linearity analysis of circular arc terminated resistive anode using finite element method for photon-counting imaging detectors
Authors: Yang Kai , Bai Yonglin , Cao Weiwei , Yang Yang , Zhu Bingli , Zheng Jinkun , Bai Xiaohong , Chen Zhen , Wang Bo
Published: January 2023

This study proposes a comprehensive model of the circular arc terminated (CAT) resistive anode based on the finite element method to explore the dynamic process of charge diffusion on this anode and its position linearity performance. The waveforms of charges of the electrodes on the anode are calculated for different electrical parameters and their influence on positional linearity is investigated. The influence of the signal development time and the non-uniformity of the resistance per square of the anode on positional linearity is also analyzed. The results of simulations show that the non-linearity of the image varies monotonically with the termination resistance and the non-uniformity of the resistance per square of the anode, but has a non-linear relationship with the signal development time and the ratio of the resistance per square. A CAT resistive anode with capacitance c and a resistance per square of the sensitive area of R▱ can be used to recover an image with a root mean-squared non-linearity of 2%, when the charge signals of the electrode are collected for at least 0.6R▱c s. The reliability of the results of the simulations was verified with experimental measurements.
Condensation phenomenon of oxygen and nitrogen molecules physisorbed into a porous medium
Authors: Mito Masaki , Orita Keito , Deguchi Hiroyuki , Tajiri Takayuki
Published: January 2023

Using the nanosized porous medium SBA-15, we construct the condensed spin-1 network composed of oxygen molecules (O2) with tube and rod structures. The condensed network can be controlled by changing the amount of O2 molecules and substituting nonmagnetic nitrogen molecules (N2) at the O2 site. The characteristics of the two-dimensional spin model were observed in the monolayer and double layer physisorption systems. In a typical bulk system, the liquidizing temperature Tliq−gas is 90 K, while in SBA-15 with a pore size of 8.5 nm, the monolayer network of O2 has a Tliq−gas value of 60 K. However, in the monolayer system, when a half of O2 site is diluted with N2, Tliq−gas increases to 94 K. Even after the N2 molecules are vaporized, they affect the physisorption potential of the inner wall of SBA-15. The resultant electric cloud of N2 hinders the evaporation of O2, resulting in an increase in Tliq−gas. The effect is weakened with increasing number of physisorption layers. Thus, this study presents the unique condensation phenomenon of two molecules with different Tliq−gas under a strong physisorption potential.
SLAC microresonator RF (SMuRF) electronics: A tone-tracking readout system for superconducting microwave resonator arrays
Authors: Yu Cyndia , Ahmed Zeeshan , Frisch Josef C. , Henderson Shawn W. , Silva-Feaver Max , Arnold Kam , Brown David , Connors Jake , Cukierman Ari J. , D’Ewart J. Mitch , Dober Bradley J. , Dusatko John E. , Haller Gunther , Herbst Ryan , Hilton Gene C. , Hubmayr Johannes , Irwin Kent D. , Kuo Chao-Lin , Mates John A. B. , Ruckman Larry , Ullom Joel , Vale Leila , Van Winkle Daniel D. , Vasquez Jesus , Young Edward
Published: January 2023

We describe the newest generation of the SLAC Microresonator RF (SMuRF) electronics, a warm digital control and readout system for microwave-frequency resonator-based cryogenic detector and multiplexer systems, such as microwave superconducting quantum interference device multiplexers (μmux) or microwave kinetic inductance detectors. Ultra-sensitive measurements in particle physics and astronomy increasingly rely on large arrays of cryogenic sensors, which in turn necessitate highly multiplexed readout and accompanying room-temperature electronics. Microwave-frequency resonators are a popular tool for cryogenic multiplexing, with the potential to multiplex thousands of detector channels on one readout line. The SMuRF system provides the capability for reading out up to 3328 channels across a 4–8 GHz bandwidth. Notably, the SMuRF system is unique in its implementation of a closed-loop tone-tracking algorithm that minimizes RF power transmitted to the cold amplifier, substantially relaxing system linearity requirements and effective noise from intermodulation products. Here, we present a description of the hardware, firmware, and software systems of the SMuRF electronics, comparing achieved performance with science-driven design requirements. In particular, we focus on the case of large-channel-count, low-bandwidth applications, but the system has been easily reconfigured for high-bandwidth applications. The system described here has been successfully deployed in lab settings and field sites around the world and is baselined for use on upcoming large-scale observatories.
A quasi-two-dimensional fluid experimental apparatus based on tank-in-tank configuration
Authors: Chen X. , Sun S. , Tian X. , Liu L. , Yang J.
Published: January 2023

The fluid tank is an essential facility for experimental research on fluid mechanics. However, owing to the hydrostatic fluid pressure, a fine uniformity of the narrow channel is difficult to be maintained in a tall narrow–channel tank. To address this issue, we proposed a quasi-two-dimensional fluid experimental apparatus based on a “tank-in-tank” configuration and built with an outer tank and an inner tank. The outer tank was cuboid-shaped and used to load the fluid medium, while the inner tank, consisting of two parallel glass plates, was embedded into the outer tank and served as the experimental channel. The hydrostatic pressure acting on the channel was balanced so that a high level of uniformity was maintained over the whole channel. The available height and width of the channel were 2800 and 1500 mm, respectively, while its gap distance could be adaptive from 0 to 120 mm. Experimental research on motion characteristics of circular disks falling in the quasi-2D channel was implemented to investigate the effects of the falling environment and disk geometry. Four distinct falling types were observed, and the wake flow fields of the falling disks were visualized. The Reynolds numbers of falling disks ranged from 400 to 63 000 presently. Chaotic motion and regular motion were demarcated at Re ≈ 30 000. An analytical model was established to predict the final average falling velocity and Reynolds number. Finally, potential directions for future research and improvements to the apparatus were suggested.
Time-walk and jitter correction in SNSPDs at high count rates
Authors: Mueller Andrew , Wollman Emma E. , Korzh Boris , Beyer Andrew D. , Narvaez Lautaro , Rogalin Ryan , Spiropulu Maria , Shaw Matthew D.
Published: January 2023

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are a leading detector type for time correlated single photon counting, especially in the near-infrared. When operated at high count rates, SNSPDs exhibit increased timing jitter caused by internal device properties and features of the RF amplification chain. Variations in RF pulse height and shape lead to variations in the latency of timing measurements. To compensate for this, we demonstrate a calibration method that correlates delays in detection events with the time elapsed between pulses. The increase in jitter at high rates can be largely canceled in software by applying corrections derived from the calibration process. We demonstrate our method with a single-pixel tungsten silicide SNSPD and show it decreases high count rate jitter. The technique is especially effective at removing a long tail that appears in the instrument response function at high count rates. At a count rate of 11.4 MCounts/s, we reduce the full width at 1% maximum level (FW1%M) by 45%. The method, therefore, enables certain quantum communication protocols that are rate-limited by the FW1%M metric to operate almost twice as fast.
Design and experimental research of a compact directional coupler for X-band relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Zhuang , Ju Jinchuan , He Changjie , Zhang Qiang , Dang Fangchao , Zhou Yunxiao
Published: January 2023

To realize online measurement of power, frequency, and phase for a modularized relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier in a narrow space, a compact directional coupler with high directivity, high power handling capacity, and large bandwidth has been investigated numerically and experimentally. The method with coupling holes distributed in both the longitudinal and lateral directions is proposed, and the simulation results indicate that when two holes are employed, directivity larger than 20 dB is achieved over a 300 MHz bandwidth in the X-band and the maximal electric field strength is controlled to be 198.5 kV/cm with 1 GW power injection, while the whole coupler longitude is optimized to be as short as 50 mm. High power experiments have been performed with a 10 GHz relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier, and the results show that the measured power, frequency, and phase shift of the directional coupler have good agreement with the results obtained in the far-field.
A new method to measure magnetic nanoparticle heating efficiency in non-adiabatic systems using transient pulse analysis
Authors: Carlton Hayden , Ivkov Robert
Published: January 2023

Heating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) have applications in biomedical research and cancer therapy. Accurate measurement of the heating efficiency or specific loss power (SLP) generated by the MNPs is essential to assess response(s) in biological systems. Efforts to develop standardized equipment and to harmonize results obtained from various MNP samples and AMF systems have met with little success. Without a standardized magnetic nanoparticle or calorimeter device, objective comparisons of estimated thermal output among laboratories remain a challenge. In addition, the most widely used adiabatic initial slope model fails to account for thermal losses, which are unavoidable. We propose a non-adiabatic method to analyze MNP heating efficiency derived from the Box–Lucas equation, wherein the sample is subjected to several short duration heating pulses. SLP is then estimated from an arithmetic average of the Box–Lucas fitted coefficients obtained from each pulse. Heating experiments were conducted with two identical samples that were placed within vessels having different thermal insulation using the same AMF parameters. Though the samples generated different temperature curves, the pulsed Box–Lucas method produced nearly equivalent SLP estimates. Further, the pulsed test enabled analysis of the heat transfer coefficient providing quantitative measures of sample heat loss throughout the test, with robust statistical confidence. We anticipate this new methodology will aid efforts to standardize measurements of MNP heating efficiency, enabling direct comparison among varied systems.
The dissolution of a miscible drop rising or falling in another liquid at low Reynolds number
Authors: Nordbotten Jan Martin , Mossige Endre Joachim Lerheim
Published: January 2023

“A basic and basically unsolved problem in fluid dynamics is to determine the evolution of rising bubbles and falling drops of one miscible liquid in another” [D. D. Joseph and Y. Y. Renardy, Fundamentals of Two-Fluid Dynamics: Part II: Lubricated Transport, Drops and Miscible Liquids (Springer Science & Business Media, 2013), Vol. 4.]. Here, we address this important literature gap and present the first theory predicting the velocity, volume, and composition of such drops at low Reynolds numbers. For the case where the diffusion out of the drop is negligible, we obtain a universal scaling law. For the more general case where diffusion occurs into and out of the drop, the full dynamics is governed by a parameter-free first-order ordinary differential equation, whose closed form solution exists and only depends on the initial condition. Our analysis depends primarily on “drop-scale” effective parameters for the diffusivity through the interfacial boundary layer. We validate our results against experimental data for water drops suspended in a syrup, corresponding to certain regimes of the mass exchange ratio between water and syrup, and by this explicitly identify the drop-scale parameters of the theory.
Excimer laser annealing suppresses the bubbles in the recrystallization of argon-implantation induced amorphous germanium
Authors: Wen Shu-Yu , He Li , Zhu Yuan-Hao , Luo Jun-Wei
Published: January 2023

We have investigated the recrystallization behavior of the argon (Ar) bubble-rich amorphous germanium (a-Ge) by utilizing the excimer laser annealing (ELA) in comparison with the conventional furnace annealing (FA). We demonstrate that the ELA can efficiently suppress the Ar bubbles to have good recrystallization of a-Ge in sharp contrast to the conventional FA treatment where the bubble-rich a-Ge can only be getting partial recrystallization with many dislocations and stacking faults. Transmission electron microscopy results exhibit that ELA can transform the Ar implantation-induced damaged layer into a fully crystalline matrix containing no visible defects except isolated bubbles in a low density. We reveal the critical role of the Ar bubbles played in the recrystallization behavior of the a-Ge by comparing the two types of annealing methods. This finding provides a new routine to suppress the implantation-induced noble-gas bubbles in semiconductors to solve the issue of the high-quality regrowth of the noble–gas implanted layer.
Effect of acoustic perturbation on the transition of vortex street in a flowing soap film
Authors: Tiwari Akhilesh S. , Kumar Sanjay
Published: January 2023

An experimental study of the effect of the acoustic perturbation on the evolution of wakes of cylinders with different cross sections and the same projected length (D) is conducted in a soap-film tunnel. Parameters for acoustic perturbation include different perturbation amplitude, frequency, and location. The formation of a secondary street structure is seen in the immediate downstream (∼21D–25D) of the triangular and rhomboid cylinder, while it is absent for the circular, square, and inverted triangular cylinder within the domain of the test section (∼135D). This study observed that the acoustic perturbation influences the location of the transition point at which the primary street transforms into the secondary street. For the triangular cylinder, the maximum shift in the location of the transition point in the downstream direction is 16.4%, and the maximum shift in the upstream direction is 16% when compared with the unperturbed flow. Similarly, for the rhomboid cylinder at two different acoustic perturbation conditions, the maximum shift in the downstream direction is 12.5%, and in the upstream direction, it is 25.4%, compared with the unperturbed flow. Further, the Strouhal number variation of the primary and secondary wake with perturbation frequency ratio is calculated for different perturbation cases. In both triangular and rhomboid cross-section cylinders, the Strouhal number of the secondary wake is almost 50% of that of the primary wake.
Oscillating onset of the Rayleigh–Bénard convection with viscoelastic fluids in a slightly tilted cavity
Authors: Zheng Xin , Xin Shihe , Boutaous M'hamed , Wang Chao , Siginer Dennis A. , Cai Wei-Hua
Published: January 2023

The oscillating onset of the Rayleigh–Bénard convection with viscoelastic fluids in a slightly tilted two-dimensional rectangular cavity with an aspect ratio of Γ = 2 was investigated for the first time via direct numerical simulation. A series of simulations were conducted in the plane of the Rayleigh number (Ra) and the tilt angle (α∈[0°, 5°]) with three Weissenberg numbers [Wi=(0.1,0.15,0.2)] at a fixed Prandtl number Pr = 7.0. The evolutionary path of the oscillating convection onset in the (Wi,α)-plane was determined, and the corresponding complex flow structures were observed. The inclination of the box delays the onset of the oscillations and the corresponding Rayleigh number Rac as compared to the horizontal configuration. Oscillating flow structures acquire the attributes of a traveling wave. A specific feature of the oscillating convection in the case of the horizontal cavity is that the periodicity in space and time exists in the inclined box case as well. However, the evolution of the oscillatory flow structure is very different from the horizontal case in that the counterclockwise cell assimilates the clockwise cell [Zheng et al., “Pattern selection in Rayleigh–Bénard convection with nonlinear viscoelastic fluids,” Phys. Rev. Fluids 7, 023301 (2022)].
Multiscale Theoretical Studies for Molecular Motors
Authors: Xie Kewei , Wang Qian
Published: January 2023

Molecular motors play important roles in cellular activities. To understand their working mechanism, multiscale methods are needed to perform studies hierarchically. In this chapter, we first show how to utilize molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the conformational change of motor proteins in their working cycle. A dual-basin structure-based coarse-grained model is developed to overcome the bottleneck of traditional all-atomistic MD. Second, we provide detailed explanations of how to use a discrete stochastic model named “tug-of-war” (TOW) to extend the study to the mesoscopic level. The TOW model captures the competition among motors well and quantitatively describes the transport process in several micrometers along cytoskeletons. Finally, hands-on exercises are provided to guide readers to build the MD model and the stochastic model step by step.
Simulating Membrane Proteins with Constant pH Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Huang Yandong
Published: January 2023

Constant pH molecular dynamics allows for the coupling of conformational dynamics to the protonation or deprotonation of ionizable groups during the simulation of a biomacromolecule. The statistics of the protonation states sampled in the framework of λ dynamics at different pH values can be utilized to determine the pKa's of ionizable groups in a membrane protein. As a result, proton carriers that are associated with the function can be predicted, which is often not available by experiment. In this chapter, the protocol is presented that comprises the details of setting up the constant pH molecular dynamics simulation of a membrane protein. The protocol has been applied to human proton channel hHv1 as an example.
Appendix
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhou Ruhong
Published: January 2023

Packmol input files DMPC_15nm.inp and wt4_box.pkm used in Chap. 3, Secs. 3.1 and 3.4, respectively.
In your face
Authors: Boyes Braem Penny , Tissi Katja
Published: January 2023

This chapter begins by describing impolite forms of signing reported for many sign languages that seem to be based on the visual modality of this form of communication. Other im/polite conventions are influenced by the setting, register, type of speech act, or the perceived signing ability of the addressee. Some signs are perceived as impolite by signers of other cultures because their handshape or location components have impolite connotations in their culture; others reflect historically changing norms of the society. A cultural aversion to what is perceived as bragging seems to be shared by hearing German/Swiss German speakers and deaf signers of Swiss German Sign Language (DSGS).
Indexing social distance through bodily visual practices in two languages
Authors: Brown Lucien , Hübscher Iris , Kim Hyunji , Winter Bodo
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the multimodal indexing of social distance in two unrelated languages/cultures: Korean and Catalan. Participants performed several tasks: once with a status superior (“socially distant” condition) and once with a friend (“socially close”). Catalan speakers exhibited more body movements but were less consistent in modulating them according to social distance. The frequency of head nodding increased in the socially distant situation for both languages, and haptics never occurred with superiors. Only Korean speakers consistently reduced their rate of head shaking with the superior, and also reduced their use of adaptors. Gaze aversion showed weak results only for Catalan. The results add to a growing body of evidence that social distance is marked multimodally in similar ways across cultures.
Customer support agents in Spanish live chats
Authors: Iyanga-Mambo Ester
Published: January 2023

Little research has been addressed to multimodal politeness in professional-layperson interactions such as between agents and customers in online platforms such as live chats. Customer support plays a significant role in commercial firms and institutions given two functions: achieving successful interactions with customers to maintain their loyalty and, the public image of the company. Thus, this ethnographic study focuses on the effects of live-chat customer support agents including or omitting affective communicative cues such as emoticons, among others, as multimodal politeness strategies in interactions with customers. The illustrative examples here show that when live-chat agents use non-verbal affective communicative markers, interactions become more personal. This improves the level of service satisfaction in customers and the public image of the company.
An experimental approach to colloquiality perception in L1 and L2 Spanish
Authors: Checa-Garcia Irene
Published: January 2023

Most studies on register have only approached it from the point of view of production rather than perception.
However, features associated with less formal registers could vary in production and perception, particularly in the case of L2.
Here an experimental methodology is used to look at five morphosyntactic linguistic features commonly considered more colloquial
in Spanish and compare their effect in perceiving a sentence as more or less formal in two different groups of Spanish speakers,
L1 and L2. Results show differences between the two groups, in the effect and weight of some of the experimental conditions and
their interactions. These differences can be explained in terms of register input received in the classroom and perceptibility and
processing impact of some of the features. The paper concludes with a discussion of the methodological challenges of this type of
study as well as how it can complement register production studies.
Textile handicraft for equipment-free fabrication of wearable low-cost diagnostic sensors for body-fluid based pathology
Authors: Laha Sampad , Chakraborty Suman
Published: January 2023

We report a low-cost, rapid and single-step method for fabricating microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs) without involving any sophisticated instruments, simply by painting hydrophobic zones on cotton cloth using a liquid mixture primarily composed of polyurethane-based commercial wood finish. The mixture needs to be applied on cloth using a paint brush and subsequently dried in open air for only around 5 min to complete the process of hydrophobic barrier deposition. The painted regions show extreme hydrophobicity and demonstrate excellent barrier integrity and chemical inertness with a wide range of liquids, reagents, solvents and biological fluids. Channels of different designs are fabricated with sufficient dimensional reproducibility, despite adhering to manual painting step. Using this simple fabrication method, a colorimetric glucose detection assay is demonstrated on cloth-based devices, which has been found to be highly accurate as benchmarked with a laboratory-referenced biochemistry analyzer. The inherent simplicity and cost-effectiveness of this method is likely to foster sustainable growth of rural handicrafts specialized in manufacturing low-cost wearable sensors for rapid point-of-care diagnostics.
Recent progress in waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on 2D materials for infrared detection
Authors: Huang Guo Yi , Hao Yabin , Li Shi Qi , Jia Yi Ding , Guo Jin Chuan , Zhang Han , Wang Bing
Published: January 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have received extensive attention in optoelectronics because of their unique characteristics. However, due to the extremely thin thickness of 2D materials, their optical absorption is limited. In recent years, researchers have used different effects and structures to enhance the optical absorption of 2D materials. The waveguide, as a device to guide and limit light propagation, has been integrated into photodetectors based on 2D materials, most of which have been applied in the infrared spectrum. This article reviews the development of waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on 2D materials, mainly in the infrared spectrum in recent years. Discussions mainly focus on the preparation of materials in waveguide-integrated photodetectors, the design and simulation of waveguide structures, and the summary of research results and applications of waveguide-integrated photodetectors in recent years. Finally, the challenges and prospects of waveguide-integrated photodetectors are put forward and discussed.
Physics-separating artificial neural networks for predicting initial stages of Al sputtering and thin film deposition in Ar plasma discharges
Authors: Gergs Tobias , Mussenbrock Thomas , Trieschmann Jan
Published: January 2023

Simulations of Al thin film sputter depositions rely on accurate plasma and surface interaction models. Establishing the latter commonly requires a higher level of abstraction and means to dismiss the fundamental atomic fidelity. Previous works on sputtering processes addressed this issue by establishing machine learning surrogate models, which include a basic surface state (i.e. stoichiometry) as static input. In this work, an evolving surface state and defect structure are introduced to jointly describe sputtering and growth with physics-separating artificial neural networks. The data describing the plasma–surface interactions (PSIs) stem from hybrid reactive molecular dynamics/time-stamped force bias Monte Carlo simulations of Al neutrals and Ar+ ions impinging onto Al(001) surfaces. It is demonstrated that the fundamental processes are comprehensively described by taking the surface state as well as defect structure into account. Hence, a machine learning PSI surrogate model is established that resolves the inherent kinetics with high physical fidelity. The resulting model is not restricted to input from modeling and simulation, but may similarly be applied to experimental input data.
Energy transfer between optically trapped single ligand-free upconversion nanoparticle and dye
Authors: K Suresh , K Monisha , Bankapur Aseefhali , George Sajan D
Published: January 2023

The quenching in luminescence emission of an optically trapped ligand-free hydrophilic NaYF4:Yb, Er upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) as a function of rose Bengal dye molecule is investigated here. The removal of oleate capping of the as-prepared UCNPs was achieved via acid treatment and characterized via FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques. Further, the capping removed hydrophilic single UCNP is optically trapped and the emission studies were carried out as a function of excitation laser power. Compared to the studies using the bulk solution, the single UCNP luminescence spectrum exhibited additional spectral lines. The excitation laser power-dependent studies using the bulk solution yield a slope value between 1 and 2 for Blue, Green 1, Green 2, and Red emission and thus indicate that upconversion is a two-photon upconversion process. On the other hand, in the case of laser power-dependent studies on an optically trapped single-particle study, Blue and Green 1 yield a slope value of less than 1 whereas Green 2 and Red emission gave a slope value between 1 and 2. The energy transfer studies between an optically trapped ligand-free single UCNP and the rose Bengal dye show a concentration-dependent quenching in the emission of Green emissions and illustrate the potential of developing sensor platforms.
Effect of rotating magnetic field intensity on structure and electrical and optical properties of GaInSb crystal grown with travelling heater method
Authors: Wang Chong , Wang Ruqing , He Guofang , Liu Juncheng
Published: January 2023

Ga1−x
In
x
Sb(0 < x < 1) crystal is a very promising substrate material, which can be used to fabricate a variety of high-performance infrared detectors and lasers by epitaxial growth. Herein, we prepared high quality Ga0.86In0.14Sb crystal (25 mm diameter, 100 mm length) with travelling heater method applied rotating magnetic field (RMF), and revealed the effects of RMF intensity on structure and electrical and optical properties of the crystal. As the RMF intensity increased the crystal quality significantly improved, and the radial segregation of indium decreased from 0.258 to 0.031 mol% mm−1, in the center of the crystal. Similarly, the segregation of indium along the ingot between 20 to 80 mm, toward the traveling zone, decreased from 0.114 to 0.038 mol% mm−1. The dislocation density of GaInSb crystal ingot also decreased from 5.361 × 105 cm−2 to 5.295 × 103 cm−2. The electric properties of the crystal also improved, the carrier mobility increased to 1.902 × 103 from 1.358 × 103cm2 (V·s)−1, the resistivity decreased to 1.047 × 10−3 from 1.822 × 10−3 Ω·cm. Moreover, the infrared transmittance increased from 36% to 39%.
Democratization of quantum technologies
Authors: Seskir Zeki C , Umbrello Steven , Coenen Christopher , Vermaas Pieter E
Published: January 2023

As quantum technologies (QT) advance, their potential impact on and relation with society has been developing into an important issue for exploration. In this paper, we investigate the topic of democratization in the context of QT, particularly quantum computing. The paper contains three main sections. First, we briefly introduce different theories of democracy (participatory, representative, and deliberative) and how the concept of democratization can be formulated with respect to whether democracy is taken as an intrinsic or instrumental value. Second, we give an overview of how the concept of democratization is used in the QT field. Democratization is mainly adopted by companies working on quantum computing and used in a very narrow understanding of the concept. Third, we explore various narratives and counter-narratives concerning democratization in QT. Finally, we explore the general efforts of democratization in QT such as different forms of access, formation of grassroot communities and special interest groups, the emerging culture of manifesto writing, and how these can be located within the different theories of democracy. In conclusion, we argue that although the ongoing efforts in the democratization of QT are necessary steps towards the democratization of this set of emerging technologies, they should not be accepted as sufficient to argue that QT is a democratized field. We argue that more reflexivity and responsiveness regarding the narratives and actions adopted by the actors in the QT field and making the underlying assumptions of ongoing efforts on democratization of QT explicit, can result in a better technology for society.
Errata to: The algebra of slice functions
Authors: Ghiloni Riccardo , Perotti Alessandro , Stoppato Caterina
Published: January 2023

We correct the statement and proof of [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 369 (2021), pp. 5509–5544, Proposition 4.10] and straighten out [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 369 (2021), pp. 5509–5544, Example 4.13] accordingly. We take this chance to correct a sentence within [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 369 (2021), pp. 5509–5544, Examples 1.13].
Willingness of older people living with dementia and mild cognitive impairment and their caregivers to have medications deprescribed
Authors: Reeve Emily , Bayliss Elizabeth A , Shetterly Susan , Maiyani Mahesh , Gleason Kathy S , Norton Jonathan D , Sheehan Orla C , Green Ariel R , Maciejewski Matthew L , Drace Melanie , Sawyer Jennifer , Boyd Cynthia M
Published: January 2023

Background

people living with cognitive impairment commonly take multiple medications including potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), which puts them at risk of medication related harms.

Aims

to explore willingness to have a medication deprescribed of older people living with cognitive impairment (dementia or mild cognitive impairment) and multiple chronic conditions and assess the relationship between willingness, patient characteristics and belief about medications.

Methods

cross-sectional study using results from the revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing questionnaire (rPATDcog) collected as baseline data in the OPTIMIZE study, a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial educating patients and clinicians about deprescribing. Eligible participants were 65+, diagnosed with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, and prescribed at least five-long-term medications.

Results

the questionnaire was mailed to 1,409 intervention patients and 553 (39%) were returned and included in analysis. Participants had a mean age of 80.1 (SD 7.4) and 52.4% were female. About 78.5% (431/549) of participants said that they would be willing to have one of their medications stopped if their doctor said it was possible. Willingness to deprescribe was negatively associated with getting stressed when changes are made and with previously having a bad experience with stopping a medication (P < 0.001 for both).

Conclusion

most older people living with cognitive impairment are willing to deprescribe. Addressing previous bad experiences with stopping a medication and stress when changes are made to medications may be key points to discuss during deprescribing conversations.
Simulation of Alcohol Control Policies for Health Equity (SIMAH) Project: Study Design and First Results
Authors: Probst Charlotte , Buckley Charlotte , Lasserre Aurélie M. , Kerr William C. , Mulia Nina , Puka Klajdi , Purshouse Robin C. , Ye Yu , Rehm Jürgen
Published: January 2023

Since about 2010, life expectancy at birth in the United States has stagnated and begun to decline, with concurrent increases in the socioeconomic divide in life expectancy. The Simulation of Alcohol Control Policies for Health Equity (SIMAH) Project uses a novel microsimulation approach to investigate the extent to which alcohol use, socioeconomic status (SES), and race/ethnicity contribute to unequal developments in US life expectancy and how alcohol control interventions could reduce such inequalities. Representative, secondary data from several sources will be integrated into one coherent, dynamic microsimulation to model life-course changes in SES and alcohol use and cause-specific mortality attributable to alcohol use by SES, race/ethnicity, age, and sex. Markov models will be used to inform transition intensities between levels of SES and drinking patterns. The model will be used to compare a baseline scenario with multiple counterfactual intervention scenarios. The preliminary results indicate that the crucial microsimulation component provides a good fit to observed demographic changes in the population, providing a robust baseline model for further simulation work. By demonstrating the feasibility of this novel approach, the SIMAH Project promises to offer superior integration of relevant empirical evidence to inform public health policy for a more equitable future.
Local cutaneous refractoriness to sun exposure following omalizumab injections in solar urticaria
Authors: McSweeney Sheila M , Bintcliffe Keyna , Fassihi Hiva , Sarkany Robert , Rutkowski Chris
Published: January 2023

Images of solar urticaria in which localized skin areas remained refractory to sun exposure following omalizumab injections.
Waning humoral and cellular immunity after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with psoriasis treated with methotrexate and biologics: a cohort study
Authors: Kvist-Hansen Amanda , Pérez-Alós Laura , Al-Sofi Rownaq Fares , Heftdal Line Dam , Hamm Sebastian Rask , Møller Dina Leth , Pries-Heje Mia Marie , Fogh Kamille , Hansen Cecilie Bo , Hasselbalch Rasmus Bo , Madsen Johannes Roth , Armenteros Jose Juan Almagro , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Hilsted Linda , Sørensen Erik , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Bundgaard Henning , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Iversen Kasper , Zachariae Claus , Garred Peter , Skov Lone
Published: January 2023

Background

mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines have short- and long-term efficacy in healthy individuals, but their efficacy in patients with psoriasis receiving immunomodulatory therapy is less studied.

Objectives

To investigate long-term immunity after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with psoriasis receiving immunomodulatory therapy.

Methods

A prospective cohort study including patients (n = 123) with psoriasis receiving methotrexate (MTX) or biologics and controls (n = 226). Only mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines administered with standard intervals between doses were investigated. Markers of immunity included SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-specific IgG and IgA, neutralizing capacity, and interferon-γ release from T cells stimulated with peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.

Results

The proportion of IgG responders was lower 6 months after vaccination in patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment compared with controls. Anti-TNF treatment was associated with lower IgG levels (β = −0.82, 95% confidence interval −1.38 to −0.25; P = 0.001). The median neutralizing index was lower in the anti-TNF group [50% inhibition (interquartile range [IQR] 37–89)] compared with controls [98% inhibition (IQR 96–99)]; P < 0.001. Cellular responses were numerically lowest in the anti-TNF group.

Conclusions

Treatment with anti-TNF has an impact on the immunity elicited by mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination in patients with psoriasis, resulting in a faster waning of humoral and cellular markers of immunity; however, the clinical implications are unknown.
Predicting progression to Alzheimer’s disease with human hippocampal progenitors exposed to serum
Authors: Maruszak Aleksandra , Silajdžić Edina , Lee Hyunah , Murphy Tytus , Liu Benjamine , Shi Liu , de Lucia Chiara , Douiri Abdel , Salta Evgenia , Nevado Alejo J , Teunissen Charlotte E , Visser Pieter J , Price Jack , Zetterberg Henrik , Lovestone Simon , Thuret Sandrine
Published: January 2023

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is important for learning and memory and is altered early in Alzheimer’s disease. As hippocampal neurogenesis is modulated by the circulatory systemic environment, evaluating a proxy of how hippocampal neurogenesis is affected by the systemic milieu could serve as an early biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease progression. Here, we used an in vitro assay to model the impact of systemic environment on hippocampal neurogenesis. A human hippocampal progenitor cell line was treated with longitudinal serum samples from individuals with mild cognitive impairment, who either progressed to Alzheimer’s disease or remained cognitively stable. Mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease progression was characterized most prominently with decreased proliferation, increased cell death and increased neurogenesis. A subset of ‘baseline’ cellular readouts together with education level were able to predict Alzheimer’s disease progression. The assay could provide a powerful platform for early prognosis, monitoring disease progression and further mechanistic studies.
Treatment of dissecting cellulitis of the scalp with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: a retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Alzahrani Muslih , Coste Victor , Konstantinou Maria Polina , Reguiai Ziad , Villani Axel , Hotz Claire , Viguier Manuelle , Pruvost-Balland Christelle , Dupuy Alain , Wolkenstein Pierre , Brun Aurore , Aubin François , Sérézal Irène Gallais
Published: January 2023

Although retinoids are considered as the most effective treatment, management of dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) is often challenging. A multicentre retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents in treating DCS after failure of other conventional treatments. Twenty-six patients were included. After a mean treatment duration of 19 months (SD 21), the median Physician’s Global Assessment score decreased from 3 to 1. The median number of inflammatory nodules and abscesses decreased from 7 to 0.5 and from 1 to 0, respectively. The median Dermatology Life Quality Index and numerical rating scale score for pain severity decreased from 10 to 8 and 6 to 1, respectively. The median treatment satisfaction was 7 out of 10 on the Patient Satisfaction Index. This study confirms the efficacy of anti-TNF agents in treating patients with DCS that is resistant to conventional therapies.
Tralokinumab treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in daily practice
Authors: Schlösser Anne R , Shareef Madena , Olydam Jill , Nijsten Tamar E C , Hijnen Dirk Jan
Published: January 2023

Background

Evidence about tralokinumab treatment for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in daily practice is limited.

Aim

To report the first evidence, to our knowledge, from daily practice of treatment with tralokinumab in patients with AD.

Methods

In this observational prospective study, patients with AD who received tralokinumab treatment in the context of routine care at the Erasmus Medical Centre were included between November 2021 and February 2022. This included 28 patients who had previously been treated with dupilumab, and 14 patients who had been treated with a Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi). The Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA; 0–4) and the numeric rating scale peak pruritus during the past 7 days (NRS itch 7d: 0–10), adverse events and reasons for discontinuation were analysed. A good clinical response was defined as any decrease in IGA and NRS itch 7d and if a patient was satisfied with the treatment and wished to continue with therapy.

Results

In total, 37 patients were treated with tralokinumab. Twenty-two (59%) patients showed a good response to tralokinumab treatment. Fifteen (41%) patients discontinued treatment because of inadequate AD control or adverse events. Treatment-related adverse events were mild in most patients. Half of the patients where treatment with dupilumab had failed had a good clinical response to tralokinumab.

Conclusions

Tralokinumab was found to be effective in most patients in this cohort with difficult-to-treat, severe AD from daily practice. Interestingly, tralokinumab was also found to be effective in 50% of patients who had previously experienced insufficient response or adverse events with dupilumab treatment.