bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Checking Behaviours, Prospective Memory and Executive Functions
Authors: Palmer Lorna Elise , Durkin Kevin , Rhodes Sinéad M.
Published: May 2015

Explanations implicating memory in the causes and severity of checking symptoms have focused primarily on retrospective memory, and relatively little attention has been paid to prospective memory. Limited research has examined the relationship between prospective memory and executive functions. We assessed whether impairments in prospective memory and executive function predict checking symptoms in a sample of 106 adults. Checking symptoms were assessed using the Padua Inventory Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR). All participants completed the prospective memory questionnaire (PMQ) and four computerised executive function tasks from the CANTAB, measuring inhibition, planning, attention set-shifting and working memory. Prospective memory and inhibition predicted checking symptom severity. Importantly, there were no correlations between internally cued prospective memory and inhibition or between prospective memory aiding strategies and inhibition. These variables appear to have an independent role in checking. The current findings highlight prospective memory and inhibition as key contributors to the checking symptom profile and provide the first evidence that these cognitive processes may independently contribute to checking symptoms. These findings have implications for a model in which memory performance is thought to be secondary to impairments in executive functions.
From Atlantic Creoles to African Nationalists: Reflections on the Historiography of Nineteenth-Century Fanteland
Authors: Shumway Rebecca
Published: May 2015

This essay argues that the history of southern Ghana exhibits far more continuity from the era of the slave trade to the time of British colonization in the late-nineteenth century than one can find in the existing historiography. Emphases on the expansion of the Asante kingdom and on the increased activity of European missionaries, capitalists, and bureaucrats have obscured the steady growth of indigenous cultural, political and social institutions which culminated in the formation of the Fante Confederation of 1868.
Elusive History: Fractured Archives, Politicized Orality, and Sensing the Postcolonial Past
Authors: Ochonu Moses E.
Published: May 2015

Inspired by my experiences in archives and research fields in Northern Nigeria, this essay analyzes four overlapping phenomena: archival fragmentation, the politicization of data and research transactions, the proliferation of memoirs and other texts of self-representation, and the question of sensing the African past beyond the recognized oral, written, and ethnographic corpus. At once familiar and novel, these trends present both problems and possibilities for historians of postcolonial Africa, and need to be negotiated carefully. I propose, in preliminary terms, that a complementary methodology of what I callsensingis not only possible but necessary if we want to fully capture the pace and flavor of postcolonial African experiences.
Trajan Places: Establishing Identity and Context for the Bosham and Hawkshaw Heads
Authors: Russell Miles , Manley Harry
Published: May 2015

Two damaged, weathered marble portraits, both discovered in the 1780s at opposite ends of Roman Britain, one at Bosham in West Sussex, the other at Hawkshaw in Peeblesshire, are here re-examined and identified as portraits of the emperor Trajan. The Bosham head is interpreted as a post-mortem image of the deified Trajan set up at the margins of Chichester Harbour, probably during the visit to Britain by the emperor Hadrian in the earlya.d.120s. The Hawkshaw portrait of Trajan appears to have been refashioned from a likeness of Domitian and may originally have been part of a monument created to celebrate and commemorate the total conquest of Britain, in the earlya.d. 80s, which was decapitated and buried during a period of unrest on the northern frontier.
WARRAMOU’S CURSE: EPIC, DECADENCE, AND THE COLONIAL WEST INDIES
Authors: Stilling Robert
Published: May 2015

Despite the recent revivalof interest in the Victorian epic, poems from the colonial periphery have played only a small role in the revised narrative of the epic's persistence across the nineteenth century. Part of the explanation for this may lie in the centralized imperial geography of the archives that inspired both nineteenth-century scholars and epoists. As Adelene Buckland and Anna Vaninskaya remark, “Britain was certainly the place to be for a nineteenth-century aficionado of epic poetry” (163). While scholars flocked to Oxford, Cambridge, the British Museum, and the Bodleian Library to pour over the texts ofGilgameshor old Icelandic sagas, a number of nineteenth-century poets began to see the epic itself as a tool for excavating a more geographically and archeologically localized national story. As Simon Dentith notes, “the nationalism of the nineteenth century seized upon epics – especially the old vernacular primary epics . . . and made them an expression of the national spirit (Epic67). William Morris'sSigurd the Volsung, for example, revives the mythology of the Old North to make a “Great Story” for the race of northern Europeans what the “Tale of Troy was to the Greeks” (Dentith, “Morris” 239).
FINANCIAL REVOLUTION: REPRESENTING BRITISH FINANCIAL CRISIS AFTER THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848
Authors: Lamouria Lanya
Published: May 2015

Punch's Mr. Dunupis indeed in an awful position. Having fled to France to escape his English creditors, he finds himself in the midst of the French Revolution of 1848. The question that he must answer – what is worse, revolution in France or bankruptcy in England? – is one that preoccupied Victorians at midcentury, when a wave of European revolutions coincided with the domestic financial crisis of 1845–48. In classic accounts of nineteenth-century Europe, 1848 is remembered as the year when a crucial contest was waged between political revolution, identified with the Continent, and capitalism, identified with Britain. According to Eric Hobsbawm, the failure of the 1848 revolutions to effect lasting political change ushered in “[t]he sudden, vast and apparently boundless expansion of the world capitalist economy”: “Political revolution retreated, industrial revolution advanced” (2). For mid-nineteenth-century Britons, however, the triumph of capitalism was by no means assured. In what follows, I look closely at how Victorian journalists and novelists imagined the British financial crisis of the 1840s after this event was given new meaning by the 1848 French Revolution. Much of this writing envisions political revolution and the capitalist economy in the same way as thePunchsatirist does – not as competing ideologies of social progress but as equivalent forms of social disruption. As we will see, at midcentury, the ongoing financial crisis was routinely represented as a quasi-revolutionary upheaval: it was a mass disturbance that struck terror into the middle classes precisely by suddenly and violently toppling the nation's leading men and social institutions.
THE “WRETCHED ITALIAN QUACK”: BRADDON’S CRITIQUE OF MEDICINE IN “GOOD LADY DUCAYNE”
Authors: Pamboukian Sylvia A.
Published: May 2015

A critical darling, Bram Stoker’s1897 novelDraculafeatures several infamous blood transfusions. In that novel, Lucy Westenra receives blood transfusions from four different men, making her, according to Dr. Van Helsing, a polyandrist (158). In Stoker's novel, transfusion is not about medical verisimilitude so much as about romance or eroticism. Perhaps because ofDracula's status, Mary Elizabeth Braddon's 1896 story “Good Lady Ducayne” is often read as a vampire tale because it, too, includes blood transfusions. However, Braddon's engagement with contemporary medicine is very different than Stoker’s, since, unlikeDracula, Braddon's story engages with the experience of day-to-day medical treatment and is strongly invested in medical verisimilitude. Lauren M. E. Goodlad identifies the story's engagement with the medical profession largely through the character of Dr. Stafford, whom she views as a representative of the male-dominated, professional establishment. In Goodlad's reading, Lady Ducayne herself is a figure in both vampire literature and New Woman discourse as an “odd” woman, who becomes an “anti patriarchal figure of women's uncanny power to signify” (213). Goodlad's perceptive reading shows how the female vampire undermines conventional medicine, as embodied by Dr. Stafford. Yet, there is another physician in the story: Dr. Parravicini. If we take Dr. Parravicini as our starting point, we see that Braddon's critique of the medical profession is more wide-ranging and more radical than it previously appeared. What is Dr. Parravicini doing in this story? What is his relationship to Stafford and to the medical establishment? What does Braddon's realistic depiction of anesthesia and transfusion indicate about the medical profession and about the medicalization of modern culture?
TURNING MOURNING: TROLLOPE'S AMBIVALENT WIDOWS
Authors: Alexander Kaelin B. C.
Published: May 2015

Near the end of Anthony Trollope'sThe Small House at Allington(1864), the protagonist Lily Dale disagrees with her mother about the prospect of marrying Johnny Eames, an earnest, but perhaps too ardent graduate of hobbledehoyhood whom Lily finds herself both unwilling and unable to love. Having been jilted by Adolphus Crosbie, a social climber as naïve as he is disingenuous, Lily protests that marrying Johnny Eames would constitute a form of adultery. “In my heart I am married to that other man,” Lily contends, “I gave myself to him, and loved him, and rejoiced in his love” (630; ch. 57). Noting that the situation may have changed – Crosbie has since married a noble's daughter and run through her fortune – Lily nevertheless maintains that there “are things that will not have themselves buried and put out of sight, as though they had never been” (631; ch. 57).
Iron+folic acid distribution and consumption through antenatal care: identifying barriers across countries
Authors: Sununtnasuk Celeste , D’Agostino Alexis , Fiedler John L
Published: May 2015

Objective

The prevalence of maternal anaemia remains unacceptably high in developing countries. At the same time, the percentage of women who consume one or more Fe+folic acid (IFA) tablets during pregnancy remains persistently low. The objective of the present study was to identify where, within antenatal care (ANC) programmes, pregnant women falter in obtaining and consuming an ideal minimum of 180 IFA tablets.

Design

Data from Demographic and Health Surveys were used to develop a schematic which identifies four sequential ‘falter points’ to consuming 180 IFA tablets: ANC attendance, IFA receipt or purchase, IFA consumption and the number of tablets consumed.

Setting

Twenty-two countries with high burdens of undernutrition.

Subjects

A sample of 162 958 women, 15 to 49 years of age, with a live birth in the past 5 years.

Results

Across all countries, 83 % of all pregnant women had at least one ANC visit, 81 % of whom received IFA tablets. Of those receiving IFA tablets, 95 % consumed at least one. Overall adherence to the ideal supplementation regimen, however, was extremely low: only 8 % consumed 180 or more IFA tablets. There were only two countries in which the percentage of pregnant women consuming 180 or more tablets exceeded 30 %.

Conclusions

While most women receive and take some IFA tablets, few receive or take enough. The analysis identifies where ANC-based distribution of IFA falters in each country. It enables policy makers to design and prioritize follow-up activities to more precisely identify barriers, an essential next step to improving IFA distribution through ANC.
Primary-care-based social prescribing for mental health: an analysis of financial and environmental sustainability
Authors: Maughan Daniel L. , Patel Alisha , Parveen Tahmina , Braithwaite Isobel , Cook Jonathan , Lillywhite Rob , Cooke Matthew
Published: May 2015

Aim

To assess the effects of a social prescribing service development on healthcare use and the subsequent economic and environmental costs.

Background

Social prescribing services for mental healthcare create links with support in the community for people using primary care. Social prescribing services may reduce future healthcare use, and therefore reduce the financial and environmental costs of healthcare, by providing structured psychosocial support. The National Health Service (NHS) is required to reduce its carbon footprint by 80% by 2050 according to the Climate Change Act (2008). This study is the first of its kind to analyse both the financial and environmental impacts associated with healthcare use following social prescribing. The value of this observational study lies in its novel methodology of analysing the carbon footprint of a service at the primary-care level.

Method

An observational study was carried out to assess the impact of the service on the financial and environmental impacts of healthcare use. GP appointments, psychotropic medications and secondary-care referrals were measured.

Findings

Results demonstrate no statistical difference in the financial and carbon costs of healthcare use between groups. Social prescribing showed a trend towards reduced healthcare use, mainly due to a reduction in secondary-care referrals compared with controls. The associations found did not achieve significance due to the small sample size leading to a large degree of uncertainty regarding differences. This study demonstrates that these services are potentially able to pay for themselves through reducing future healthcare costs and are effective, low-carbon interventions, when compared with cognitive behavioral therapy or antidepressants. This is an important finding in light of Government targets for the NHS to reduce its carbon footprint by 80% by 2050. Larger studies are required to investigate the potentials of social prescribing services further.
Notch strengthening or weakening governed by transition of shear failure to normal mode fracture
Authors: Lei Xianqi , Li Congling , Shi Xinghua , Xu Xianghong , Wei Yujie
Published: May 2015

It is generally observed that the existence of geometrical discontinuity like notches in materials will lead to strength weakening, as a resultant of local stress concentration. By comparing the influence of notches to the strength of three typical materials, aluminum alloys with intermediate tensile ductility, metallic glasses with no tensile ductility and brittle ceramics, we observed strengthening in aluminum alloys and metallic glasses: Tensile strength of the net section in circumferentially notched cylinders increases with the constraint quantified by the ratio of notch depth over notch root radius; in contrast, the ceramic exhibit notch weakening. The strengthening in the former two is due to resultant deformation transition: Shear failure occurs in intact samples while samples with deep notches break in normal mode fracture. No such deformation transition was observed in the ceramic and stress concentration leads to its notch weakening. The experimental results are confirmed by theoretical analyses and numerical simulation. The results reported here suggest that the conventional criterion to use brittleness and/or ductility to differentiate notch strengthening or weakening is not physically sound. Notch strengthening or weakening relies on the existence of failure mode transition and materials exhibiting shear failure while subjected to tension will notch strengthen.
Origin and evolution of lysyl oxidases
Authors: Grau-Bové Xavier , Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki , Rodriguez-Pascual Fernando
Published: May 2015

Lysyl oxidases (LOX) are copper-dependent enzymes that oxidize primary amine substrates to reactive aldehydes. The best-studied role of LOX enzymes is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animals by cross-linking collagens and elastin, although intracellular functions have been reported as well. Five different LOX enzymes have been identified in mammals, LOX and LOX-like (LOXL) 1 to 4, showing a highly conserved catalytic carboxy terminal domain and more divergence in the rest of the sequence. Here we have surveyed a wide selection of genomes in order to infer the evolutionary history of LOX. We identified LOX proteins not only in animals, but also in many other eukaryotes, as well as in bacteria and archaea – which reveals a pre-metazoan origin for this gene family. LOX genes expanded during metazoan evolution resulting in two superfamilies, LOXL2/L3/L4 and LOX/L1/L5. Considering the current knowledge on the function of mammalian LOX isoforms in ECM remodeling, we propose that LOXL2/L3/L4 members might have preferentially been involved in making cross-linked collagen IV-based basement membrane, whereas the diversification of LOX/L1/L5 forms contributed to chordate/vertebrate-specific ECM innovations, such as elastin and fibronectin. Our work provides a novel view on the evolution of this family of enzymes.
Surface Plasmon Resonance-Induced Stiffening of Silver Nanowires
Authors: Ben Xue , Park Harold S.
Published: May 2015

We report the results of a computational, atomistic electrodynamics study of the effects of electromagnetic waves on the mechanical properties and specifically the Young’s modulus of silver nanowires. We find that the Young’s modulus of the nanowires is strongly dependent on the optical excitation energy, with a peak enhancement occurring at the localized surface plasmon resonance frequency. When the nanowire is excited at the plasmon resonance frequency, the Young’s modulus is found to increase linearly with increasing nanowire aspect ratio, with a stiffening of nearly 15% for a 2 nm cross section silver nanowire with an aspect ratio of 3.5. Furthermore, our results suggest that this plasmon resonance-induced stiffening is stronger for larger diameter nanowires for a given aspect ratio. Our study demonstrates a novel approach to actively tailoring and enhancing the mechanical properties of metal nanowires.
Vacancy-controlled ultrastable nanoclusters in nanostructured ferritic alloys
Authors: Zhang Z. W. , Yao L. , Wang X.-L. , Miller M. K.
Published: May 2015

A new class of advanced structural materials, based on the Fe-O-vacancy system, has exceptional resistance to high-temperature creep and excellent tolerance to extremely high-dose radiation. Although these remarkable improvements in properties compared to steels are known to be associated with the Y-Ti-O-enriched nanoclusters, the roles of vacancies in facilitating the nucleation of nanoclusters are a long-standing puzzle, due to the experimental difficulties in characterizing vacancies, particularly in-situ while the nanoclusters are forming. Here we report an experiment study that provides the compelling evidence for the presence of significant concentrations of vacancies in Y-Ti-O-enriched nanoclusters in a nanostructured ferritic alloy using a combination of state-of-the-art atom-probe tomography and in situ small angle neutron scattering. The nucleation of nanoclusters starts from the O-enriched solute clustering with vacancy mediation. The nanoclusters grow with an extremely low growth rate through attraction of vacancies and O:vacancy pairs, leading to the unusual stability of the nanoclusters.
Structural transition in Bcl-xL and its potential association with mitochondrial calcium ion transport
Authors: Rajan Sreekanth , Choi Minjoo , Nguyen Quoc Toan , Ye Hong , Liu Wei , Toh Hui Ting , Kang CongBao , Kamariah Neelagandan , Li Chi , Huang Huiya , White Carl , Baek Kwanghee , Grüber Gerhard , Yoon Ho Sup
Published: May 2015

Bcl-2 family proteins are key regulators for cellular homeostasis in response to apoptotic stimuli. Bcl-xL, an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, undergoes conformational transitions, which leads to two conformational states: the cytoplasmic and membrane-bound. Here we present the crystal and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structures of Bcl-xL treated with the mild detergent n-Octyl β-D-Maltoside (OM). The detergent-treated Bcl-xL forms a dimer through three-dimensional domain swapping (3DDS) by swapping helices α6-α8 between two monomers. Unlike Bax, a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-xL is not converted to 3DDS homodimer upon binding BH3 peptides and ABT-737, a BH3 mimetic drug. We also designed Bcl-xL mutants which cannot dimerize and show that these mutants reduced mitochondrial calcium uptake in MEF cells. This illustrates the structural plasticity in Bcl-xL providing hints toward the probable molecular mechanism for Bcl-xL to play a regulatory role in mitochondrial calcium ion transport.
Properties of Water Confined in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Saihara Koji , Yoshimura Yukihiro , Ohta Soichi , Shimizu Akio
Published: May 2015

The varying states of water confined in the nano-domain structures of typical room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated by 1H NMR and by measurements of self-diffusion coefficients while systematically varying the IL cations and anions. The NMR peaks for water in BF4-based ILs were clearly split, indicating the presence of two discrete states of confined water (H2O and HOD). Proton and/or deuterium exchange rate among the water molecules was very slowly in the water-pocket. Notably, no significant changes were observed in the chemical shifts of the ILs. Self-diffusion coefficient results showed that water molecules exhibit a similar degree of mobility, although their diffusion rate is one order of magnitude faster than that of the IL cations and anions. These findings provide information on a completely new type of confinement, that of liquid water in soft matter.
Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Graphene-based Heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Jiayong , Zhao Bao , Yao Yugui , Yang Zhongqin
Published: May 2015

Quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect, with potential applications in low-power-consumption electronics, is predicted in the heterostructure of graphene on the (001) surface of a real antiferromagnetic insulator RbMnCl3, based on density-functional theory and Wannier function methods. Due to the interactions from the substrate, a much large exchange field (about 280 meV) and an enhanced Rashba spin-orbit coupling are induced in graphene, leading to a topologically nontrivial QAH gap opened in the system. The avenues of enhancing the nontrivial gap are also proposed, from which nearly a gap one order large is achieved. Our work demonstrates that this graphene-based heterostructure is an appropriate candidate to be employed to experimentally observe the QAH effect and explore the promising applications.
Drosophila Rif1 is an essential gene and controls late developmental events by direct interaction with PP1-87B
Authors: Sreesankar Easwaran , Bharathi Vellaichamy , Mishra Rakesh K. , Mishra Krishnaveni
Published: May 2015

Rif1, identified as a regulator of telomerase in yeast, is an evolutionarily conserved protein and functions in diverse processes including telomere length regulation, epigenetic gene regulation, anti-checkpoint activity, DNA repair and establishing timing of firing at replication origins. Previously we had identified that all Rif1 homologues have PP1 interacting SILK-RVxF motif. In the present study, we show that Drosophila Rif1 is essential for normal fly development and loss of dRif1 impairs temporal regulation of initiation of DNA replication. In multiple tissues dRif1 colocalizes with HP1, a protein known to orchestrate timing of replication in fly. dRif1 associates with chromosomes in a mitotic stage-dependent manner coinciding with dephosphorylation of histones. Ectopic expression of dRif1 causes enlarged larval imaginal discs and early pupal lethality which is completely reversed by co-expression of PP1 87B, the major protein phosphatase in Drosophila, indicating genetic and functional interaction. These findings suggest that dRif1 is an adaptor for PP1 and functions by recruiting PP1 to multiple sites on the chromosome.
The proteome of Hypobaric Induced Hypoxic Lung: Insights from Temporal Proteomic Profiling for Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Ahmad Yasmin , Sharma Narendra K. , Ahmad Mohammad Faiz , Sharma Manish , Garg Iti , Srivastava Mousami , Bhargava Kalpana
Published: May 2015

Exposure to high altitude induces physiological responses due to hypoxia. Lungs being at the first level to face the alterations in oxygen levels are critical to counter and balance these changes. Studies have been done analysing pulmonary proteome alterations in response to exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. However, such studies have reported the alterations at specific time points and do not reflect the gradual proteomic changes. These studies also identify the various biochemical pathways and responses induced after immediate exposure and the resolution of these effects in challenge to hypobaric hypoxia. In the present study, using 2-DE/MS approach, we attempt to resolve these shortcomings by analysing the proteome alterations in lungs in response to different durations of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Our study thus highlights the gradual and dynamic changes in pulmonary proteome following hypobaric hypoxia. For the first time, we also report the possible consideration of SULT1A1, as a biomarker for the diagnosis of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Higher SULT1A1 levels were observed in rats as well as in humans exposed to high altitude, when compared to sea-level controls. This study can thus form the basis for identifying biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in responses to hypobaric hypoxia.
Resilience to orthostasis and haemorrhage: A pilot study of common genetic and conditioning mechanisms
Authors: Davydov Dmitry M. , Zhdanov Renad I. , Dvoenosov Vladimir G. , Kravtsova Olga A. , Voronina Elena N. , Filipenko Maxim L.
Published: May 2015

A major challenge presently is not only to identify the genetic polymorphisms increasing risk to diseases, but to also find out factors and mechanisms, which can counteract a risk genotype by developing a resilient phenotype. The objective of this study was to examine acquired and innate vagal mechanisms that protect against physical challenges and haemorrhages in 19 athletes and 61 non-athletes. These include examining change in heart rate variability (HF-HRV; an indicator of vagus activity) in response to orthostatic challenge, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that encode several coagulation factors, PAI-1 and MTHFR. Individual differences in PLT and MPV were significant predictors, with opposite effects, of the profiles of the HF-HRV changes in response to orthostasis. Regular physical training of athletes indirectly (through MPV) modifies the genetic predisposing effects of some haemostatic factors (PAI-1 and MTHFR) on vagal tone and reactivity. Individual differences in vagal tone were also associated with relationships between Factor 12 C46T and Factor 11 C22771T genes polymorphisms. This study showed that genetic predispositions for coagulation are modifiable. Its potential significance is promoting advanced protection against haemorrhages in a variety of traumas and injuries, especially in individuals with coagulation deficits.
Development of biodegradable Zn-1X binary alloys with nutrient alloying elements Mg, Ca and Sr
Authors: Li H. F. , Xie X. H. , Zheng Y. F. , Cong Y. , Zhou F. Y. , Qiu K. J. , Wang X. , Chen S. H. , Huang L. , Tian L. , Qin L.
Published: May 2015

Biodegradable metals have attracted considerable attentions in recent years. Besides the early launched biodegradable Mg and Fe metals, Zn, an essential element with osteogenic potential of human body, is regarded and studied as a new kind of potential biodegradable metal quite recently. Unfortunately, pure Zn is soft, brittle and has low mechanical strength in the practice, which needs further improvement in order to meet the clinical requirements. On the other hand, the widely used industrial Zn-based alloys usually contain biotoxic elements (for instance, ZA series contain toxic Al elements up to 40 wt.%), which subsequently bring up biosafety concerns. In the present work, novel Zn-1X binary alloys, with the addition of nutrition elements Mg, Ca and Sr were designed (cast, rolled and extruded Zn-1Mg, Zn-1Ca and Zn-1Sr). Their microstructure and mechanical property, degradation andin vitroandin vivobiocompatibility were studied systematically. The results demonstrated that the Zn-1X (Mg, Ca and Sr) alloys have profoundly modified the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of pure Zn. Zn-1X (Mg, Ca and Sr) alloys showed great potential for use in a new generation of biodegradable implants, opening up a new avenue in the area of biodegradable metals.
SUMO1 Affects Synaptic Function, Spine Density and Memory
Authors: Matsuzaki Shinsuke , Lee Linda , Knock Erin , Srikumar Tharan , Sakurai Mikako , Hazrati Lili-Naz , Katayama Taiichi , Staniszewski Agnieszka , Raught Brian , Arancio Ottavio , Fraser Paul E.
Published: May 2015

Small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO1) plays a number of roles in cellular events and recent evidence has given momentum for its contributions to neuronal development and function. Here, we have generated a SUMO1 transgenic mouse model with exclusive overexpression in neurons in an effort to identify in vivo conjugation targets and the functional consequences of their SUMOylation. A high-expressing line was examined which displayed elevated levels of mono-SUMO1 and increased high molecular weight conjugates in all brain regions. Immunoprecipitation of SUMOylated proteins from total brain extract and proteomic analysis revealed ~95 candidate proteins from a variety of functional classes, including a number of synaptic and cytoskeletal proteins. SUMO1 modification of synaptotagmin-1 was found to be elevated as compared to non-transgenic mice. This observation was associated with an age-dependent reduction in basal synaptic transmission and impaired presynaptic function as shown by altered paired pulse facilitation, as well as a decrease in spine density. The changes in neuronal function and morphology were also associated with a specific impairment in learning and memory while other behavioral features remained unchanged. These findings point to a significant contribution of SUMO1 modification on neuronal function which may have implications for mechanisms involved in mental retardation and neurodegeneration.
Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus by Bemisia tabaci as Affected by Whitefly Sex and Biotype
Authors: Ning Wenxi , Shi Xiaobin , Liu Baiming , Pan Huipeng , Wei Wanting , Zeng Yang , Sun Xinpei , Xie Wen , Wang Shaoli , Wu Qingjun , Cheng Jiaxu , Peng Zhengke , Zhang Youjun
Published: May 2015

Bemisia tabaci is a serious pest of vegetables and other crops worldwide. The most damaging and predominant B. tabaci biotypes are B and Q and both are vectors of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Previous research has shown that Q outperforms B in many respects but comparative research is lacking on the ability of B and Q to transmit viruses. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that B and Q differ in their ability to transmit TYLCV and that this difference helps explain TYLCV outbreaks. We compared the acquisition, retention and transmission of TYLCV by B and Q females and males. We found that Q females are more efficient than Q males, B females and B males at TYLCV acquisition and transmission. Although TYLCV acquisition and transmission tended to be greater for B females than B males, the differences were not statistically significant. Based on electrical penetration graphs determination of phloem sap ingestion parameters, females fed better than males and Q females fed better than Q males, B females, or B males. These results are consistent with the occurrences of TYLCV outbreaks in China, which have been associated with the spread of Q rather than B.
Suspension arrays based on nanoparticle-encoded microspheres for high-throughput multiplexed detection
Authors: Leng Yuankui , Sun Kang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Li Wanwan
Published: May 2015

This review summarizes various nanoparticle-encoded barcodes, manufacturing technologies for barcodes and barcode-based bioanalysis patterns (optical labeling, label-free and signal amplification).
Surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials as potential scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering applications
Authors: Ren Xiangkui , Feng Yakai , Guo Jintang , Wang Haixia , Li Qian , Yang Jing , Hao Xuefang , Lv Juan , Ma Nan , Li Wenzhong
Published: May 2015

This review highlights the recent developments of surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials in vascular tissue engineering applications.
An unusual red-to-brown colorimetric sensing method for ultrasensitive silver(i) ion detection based on a non-aggregation of hyperbranched polyethylenimine derivative stabilized gold nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yi , Liu Yang , Li Zhongfa , Liu Junshen , Xu Li , Liu Xunyong
Published: May 2015

An unusual red-to-brown colorimetric assay for Ag+based on the anti-aggregation of AuNPs showed high sensitivity and selectivity.
Magnetic solid phase extraction of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in river water using Ti4+-immobilized Fe3O4 nanoparticles by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Dong Ya-lei , Guo Dong-qiang , Cui Hong , Li Xiang-jun , He Yu-jian
Published: May 2015

Magnetic nanoparticles immobilized with Ti4+ are employed to develop an mSPE-CE method for extracting organophosphorus pesticides based on affinity extraction.
Design of enzyme-interfaced DNA logic operations (AND, OR and INHIBIT) with an assaying application for single-base mismatch
Authors: Ma Long , Diao Aipo
Published: May 2015

We devised AND, OR and INHIBIT logic gates.
Rapid fabrication of highly b-oriented zeolite MFI thin films using ammonium salts as crystallization-mediating agents
Authors: Lu Xiaofei , Peng Yong , Wang Zhengbao , Yan Yushan
Published: May 2015

Highly b-oriented zeolite MFI films can be obtained by adding ammonium salts in the traditional secondary growth solution.
A cationic gadolinium contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage
Authors: Freedman Jonathan D. , Lusic Hrvoje , Wiewiorski Martin , Farley Michelle , Snyder Brian D. , Grinstaff Mark W.
Published: May 2015

A new cationic gadolinium contrast agent is described for imaging articular cartilage.
Novel co-crystals of the nutraceutical sinapic acid
Authors: Sinha A. S. , Rao Khandavilli U. B. , O’Connor E. L. , Deadman B. J. , Maguire A. R. , Lawrence S. E.
Published: May 2015

Sinapic acid co-crystals display acid–acid homodimers, phenol O–H⋯N hydrogen bonds and acid–amide heterodimers.
Porous one-dimensional Mo2C–amorphous carbon composites: high-efficient and durable electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation
Authors: Zhang Kai , Li Chunyan , Zhao Yang , Yu Xianbo , Chen Yujin
Published: May 2015

Porous 1D Mo2C–amorphous carbon composites fabricated by in situ solid reactions exhibit high-efficiency and durable electrocatalytic activities for hydrogen generation.
Observation of viscoelasticity in boron nitride nanosheet aerogel
Authors: Zeng Xiaoliang , Ye Lei , Sun Rong , Xu Jianbin , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: May 2015

The viscoelasticity of boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) aerogel, including dynamic viscoelasticity and creep behavior, has been observed and investigated.
Cyclophanes containing large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Ghasemabadi Parisa Ghods , Yao Tieguang , Bodwell Graham J.
Published: May 2015

Big, bigger, biggest. This Review puts the spotlight on the handful of PAHs with four or more rings that have been incorporated into cyclophanes. Lessons in synthesis, structure, fundamental concepts and properties abound in these remarkable molecules that feature PAHs ranging in size from pyrene to hexabenzocoronene.
Construction of polyoxometalates from dynamic lacunary polyoxotungstate building blocks and lanthanide linkers
Authors: Li Lu-Lu , Han Hua-Yan , Wang Yong-Hui , Tan Hua-Qiao , Zang Hong-Ying , Li Yang-Guang
Published: May 2015

New polyoxometalates have been constructed from the dynamic building block {B-α-SbIIIW9O33} and lanthanide (Ln) linkers via a stepwise synthetic strategy, exhibiting luminescent properties with their Tb- and Dy-derivatives.
Probing ferroic transitions in a multiferroic framework family: a neutron diffraction study of the ammonium transition metal formates
Authors: Lawler James M. M. , Manuel Pascal , Thompson Amber L. , Saines Paul J.
Published: May 2015

The ferroic transitions of the NH4M(HCO2)3 frameworks were probed using neutron diffraction, finding a unique alternation in their magnetic structures.
Insertion, elimination and isomerisation of olefins at alkylaluminium hydride: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Weliange Nandita M. , McGuinness David S. , Gardiner Michael G. , Patel Jim
Published: May 2015

Individual steps of the aluminium-mediated contrathermodynamic isomerisation of internal olefins to α-olefins are studied.
Carbon coating stabilized Ti3+-doped TiO2 for photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation
Authors: Fu Gao , Zhou Peng , Zhao Meiming , Zhu Weidong , Yan Shicheng , Yu Tao , Zou Zhigang
Published: May 2015

A carbon coating method to stabilize the Ti3+-doped TiO2 photocatalyst for stable and efficient hydrogen production under visible light irradiation is proposed.
Linear 3d–4f compounds: synthesis, structure, and determination of the d–f magnetic interaction
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Zhao Lang , Zhang Peng , Zhang Li , Guo Mei , Tang Jinkui
Published: May 2015

A family of [RE2M2L2(BA)6] complexes were synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized. The complex [Dy2Zn2L2(BA)6] showed field induced single molecular magnet behavior profiting from the isolated anisotropic dysprosium ions.
Copper(ii) complexes of macrocyclic and open-chain pseudopeptidic ligands: synthesis, characterization and interaction with dicarboxylates
Authors: Faggi Enrico , Gavara Raquel , Bolte Michael , Fajarí Lluís , Juliá Luís , Rodríguez Laura , Alfonso Ignacio
Published: May 2015

Cu(ii) complexes of pseudopeptides interact with very similar dicarboxylates of biological interest (malate and aspartate) affording strikingly different outcomes.
Direct observation of the energetics at a semiconductor/liquid junction by operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Lichterman Michael F. , Hu Shu , Richter Matthias H. , Crumlin Ethan J. , Axnanda Stephanus , Favaro Marco , Drisdell Walter , Hussain Zahid , Mayer Thomas , Brunschwig Bruce S. , Lewis Nathan S. , Liu Zhi , Lewerenz Hans-Joachim
Published: May 2015

Via operando XPS, band bending, pinning, and other properties are observed.
Optical micro-spectroscopy of single metallic nanoparticles: quantitative extinction and transient resonant four-wave mixing
Authors: Payne Lukas , Zoriniants George , Masia Francesco , Arkill Kenton P. , Verkade Paul , Rowles Darren , Langbein Wolfgang , Borri Paola
Published: May 2015

We report a wide-field imaging method to rapidly and quantitatively measure the optical extinction cross-section σext (also polarisation resolved) of a large number of individual gold nanoparticles, for statistically-relevant single particle analysis. We demonstrate a sensitivity of 5 nm2 in σext, enabling detection of single 5 nm gold nanoparticles with total acquisition times in the 1 min range. Moreover, we have developed an analytical model of the polarisation resolved σext, which enabled us to extract geometrical particle aspect ratios from the measured σext. Using this method, we have characterized a large number of nominally-spherical gold nanoparticles in the 10–100 nm size range. Furthermore, the method provided measurements of in-house fabricated nanoparticle conjugates, allowing distinction of individual dimers from single particles and larger aggregates. The same particle conjugates were investigated correlatively by phase-resolved transient resonant four-wave mixing micro-spectroscopy. A direct comparison of the phase-resolved response between single gold nanoparticles and dimers highlighted the promise of the four-wave mixing technique for sensing applications with dimers as plasmon rulers.
Synthetic bacteriochlorins bearing polar motifs (carboxylate, phosphonate, ammonium and a short PEG). Water-solubilization, bioconjugation, and photophysical properties
Authors: Jiang Jianbing , Yang Eunkyung , Reddy Kanumuri Ramesh , Niedzwiedzki Dariusz M. , Kirmaier Christine , Bocian David F. , Holten Dewey , Lindsey Jonathan S.
Published: May 2015

A bacteriochlorin scaffold has been derivatized for life sciences applications.
High photoconductive combustion synthesized TiO2derived nanobelts for photocatalytic water purification under solar irradiation
Authors: Eswar Neerugatti KrishnaRao , Ramamurthy Praveen Chandrashekarapura , Madras Giridhar
Published: May 2015

A novel system of partially etched TiO2nanobelts was developed that exhibits superior photocatalytic activity to purify waste water.
Sputtering synthesis and optical investigation of octadecanethiol-protected fluorescent Au nanoparticles
Authors: Ishida Yohei , Sumi Taiki , Yonezawa Tetsu
Published: May 2015

Magnetron sputtering produces not only thin metal films but also fluorescent nanoparticles.
Double-headed nucleotides introducing thymine nucleobases in the major groove of nucleic acid duplexes
Authors: Dalager Michael , Andersen Nicolai K. , Kumar Pawan , Nielsen Poul , Sharma Pawan K.
Published: May 2015

Four double-headed nucleotides are synthesized via Sonogashira and Suzuki couplings and introduced into nucleic acid duplexes.
Conditions for palladium-catalyzed direct arylations of 4-bromo and 4-iodo N-substituted pyrazoles without C–Br or C–I bond cleavage
Authors: Brahim Mariem , Smari Imen , Ben Ammar Hamed , Ben Hassine Bechir , Soulé Jean-François , Doucet Henri
Published: May 2015

The Pd-catalyzed arylation at the C5 position ofN-protected pyrazole derivatives bearing bromo or iodo substituents at the C4 position is described.
Effect of various encapsulants for frameless glass to glass Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 photovoltaic module
Authors: Yang JungYup , Lee Dongho , Baek DoHyun , Kim DongSeop , Nam Junggyu , Huh PilHo
Published: May 2015

Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 modules with a frameless glass to glass structure were fabricated by replacing the currently used EVA with new encapsulants, and their characteristics including optical, mechanical, and reliability properties were investigated.
Ionic strength-modulated catalytic efficiency of a multienzyme cascade nanoconfined on charged hierarchical scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Ling , Jiang Li , Liu Yuan , Yin Qihe
Published: May 2015

Understanding the effect of ionic strength on the efficiency of this enzyme cascade within charged hierarchical nanospace is not only fundamentally interesting, but also important for translating biochemical pathways to noncellular environments.
Synthesis of PEGylated brush-type copolymers for a plurality of plug-and-play functions
Authors: Huang Xingqiang , He Jinlin , Hao Ying , Ye Min , Zhang Qi , Ni Peihong , Liu Jian
Published: May 2015

A well-defined brush-type copolymer P(PEGMA-N3-co-PEGMEMA)-b-PMAA via ATRP is successfully synthesized and demonstrated with a plurality of plug-and-play functions.
High performance polydimethylsiloxane pervaporative membranes with hyperbranched polysiloxane as a crosslinker for separation of n-butanol from water
Authors: Bai Yunxiang , Dong Liangliang , Lin Jiaqiang , Zhu Yuanhua , Zhang Chunfang , Gu Jin , Sun Yuping , Xu Youyi
Published: May 2015

Novel hyperbranched polysiloxane crosslinkers, HPSiO, were synthesized to prepare high performance polydimethylsiloxane pervaporation membranes HPSiO-c-PDMS membranes for recoveringn-butanol from aqueous solution by pervaporation.
A sensor for formaldehyde detection: luminescent metal–organic framework [Zn2(H2L)(2,2′-bpy)2(H2O)]n
Authors: Zhao Zhengyan , Hao Juanyuan , Song Xuedan , Ren Suzhen , Hao Ce
Published: May 2015

The comparison between the two systems shows that the encapsulation of formaldehyde can affect the luminescence behavior of [Zn2(H2L)(2,2′-bpy)2(H2O)]n.
Single particle electrochemistry of p-hydroxythiophenol-labeled gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wei Yongfeng , Tian Lei , Kang Xiaofeng
Published: May 2015

Electroactive p-hydroxythiophenol (p-HTP) monolayer on a gold nanoparticle surface produced an amplified single particle-collision electrochemical signal.
PdxAgy alloy nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide as efficient electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium
Authors: Peng Cheng , Liu Mingrui , Hu Yongli , Yang Wenke , Guo Jiaojiao , Zheng Yixiong
Published: May 2015

Well-dispersed PdxAgy alloy nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets (PdxAgy/RGO) are successfully synthesized by in situ reduction precipitation using hydrothermal synthesis method.
Correction: Synthesis and characterization of graft copolymers PnBA-g-PS by miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Wenwen , Tan Jiaojun , Li Chunmei , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: May 2015

Correction for ‘Synthesis and characterization of graft copolymers PnBA-g-PS by miniemulsion polymerization’ by Hui Li et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 45459–45466.
Correction: Modulating the electron-transfer properties of a mixed-valence system through host–guest chemistry
Authors: Zubi Ahmed , Wragg Ashley , Turega Simon , Adams Harry , Costa Paulo J. , Félix Vítor , Thomas Jim A.
Published: May 2015

Correction for ‘Modulating the electron-transfer properties of a mixed-valence system through host–guest chemistry’ by Ahmed Zubi et al., Chem. Sci., 2015, 6, 1334–1340.
Chemical conversion of self-assembled hexadecyl monolayers with active oxygen species generated by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation in an atmospheric environment
Authors: Soliman Ahmed I. A. , Ichii Takashi , Utsunomiya Toru , Sugimura Hiroyuki
Published: May 2015

We followed the chemical constituents, surface properties, and morphology of the photo-modified alkyl self-assembled monolayers, which were exposed to the active oxygen species generated from the vacuum ultraviolet irradiation.
Temperature-induced Au nanostructure synthesis in a nonaqueous deep-eutectic solvent for high performance electrocatalysis
Authors: Kumar-Krishnan S. , Prokhorov E. , Arias de Fuentes O. , Ramírez M. , Bogdanchikova N. , Sanchez I. C. , Mota-Morales J. D. , Luna-Bárcenas G.
Published: May 2015

Structure-controlled synthesis of gold nanostructures (AuNSs) induced by temperature in a nonaqueous urea–choline chloride deep eutectic solvent (DES) is reported.
A nontoxic solvent based sol–gel Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film for high efficiency and scalable low-cost photovoltaic cells
Authors: Tunuguntla Venkatesh , Chen Wei-Chao , Shih Pei-Hsuan , Shown Indrajit , Lin Yi-Rung , Hwang Jih-Shang , Lee Chih-Hao , Chen Li-Chyong , Chen Kuei-Hsien
Published: May 2015

We are introducing a non-toxic solvent, 1,3-dimethyl-2-Imadazolidinone, for the preparation of CZTS ink and demonstrated 5.67% efficiency CZTS device.
“Garnishing” the photosynthetic bacterial reaction center for bioelectronics
Authors: Operamolla Alessandra , Ragni Roberta , Milano Francesco , Roberto Tangorra R. , Antonucci Alessandra , Agostiano Angela , Trotta Massimo , Farinola Gianluca
Published: May 2015

Chemical manipulations of the photosynthetic bacterial reaction center for the implementation of this photoenzyme into bioelectronic devices are overviewed.
Photoluminescence properties of single-component white-emitting Ca9Bi(PO4)7:Ce3+,Tb3+,Mn2+phosphors for UV LEDs
Authors: Li Kai , Shang Mengmeng , Zhang Yang , Fan Jian , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun
Published: May 2015

A series of Ca9Bi(PO4)7:Ce3+,Tb3+,Mn2+phosphors synthesizedviathe high-temperature solid-state reaction method can emit intense tunable color from purple-blue to red including white under UV excitation, which shows their potential application in UV-pumped white-light-emitting diodes.