bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wilde and Wilder
Authors: Brown Daniel
Published: October 2020

The use of Oscar Wilde's Salome as the ground for the silent-screen star Norma Desmond's film script and character is central to Billy Wilder's Sunset Boulevard but oddly neglected by the film's critics. This essay reads the film through its engagement with Salome, discussing its adoption from the play of a self-consciousness about the conditions of its art, which extend beyond the film's production to cultural history and film aesthetics. Norma asserts the image and ideology of the Hollywood star through her identification with the aestheticist figure of Salome, while Joe Gillis not only writes film scripts but, with his peers Betty Schaefer and Artie Green, also foregrounds narrative conventions in his efforts to organize and control his own life and experience in the film. Through its main characters, Sunset Boulevard presents an allegory of Hollywood cinema in which the complementary filmic principles of image and narrative culminate respectively in madness and death.
The Work of Testimony in the Age of Decolonization: Chronicle of a Summer, Cinema Verité, and the Emergence of the Holocaust Survivor
Authors: Rothberg Michael
Published: October 2020

The trial of Adolf Eichmann, in 1961, is generally considered a turning point in the history of Holocaust memory because it brought the Holocaust into the public sphere for the first time as a discrete event on an international scale. In the same year, Jean Rouch and Edgar Morin's film Chronicle of a Summer appeared in France. While absent from scholarship on memory of the Nazi genocide for over forty years, Chronicle of a Summer contains a scene of Holocaust testimony that suggests the need to look beyond the Eichmann trial for alternative articulations of public Holocaust remembrance. This essay considers the juxtaposition in Chronicle of a Summer of Holocaust memory and the history of decolonization in order to rethink the “unique” place that the Holocaust has come to hold in discourses on extreme violence. The essay argues that a discourse of truth and testimony arose in French resistance to the Algerian war that shaped and was shaped by memory of the Nazi genocide.
Huckleberry Finn; or, Consequences
Authors: Margolis Stacey
Published: October 2020

A long-standing debate over Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn turns on the question of intention. While defenders of the novel say that Huck's change of heart toward Jim represents a critique of social conformity, recent detractors claim that the novel's celebration of this change of heart represents a form of liberal bad faith. This essay argues that both readings misunderstand the novel, which works not only to highlight Huck's good intentions but also to replace this sentimental model of responsibility with one drawn from the emergent law of negligence. Having effects rather than intentions be grounds of liability, this new legal paradigm made persons responsible for the inadvertent harms they caused others. From the perspective of negligence, Huckleberry Finn is an indictment of post-Reconstruction racism—not because it offers friendship as a model of reform but because it imagines accountability even in the absence of malice.
“A Hand Spills from the Book's Threshold”: Coauthorship's Readers
Authors: Laird Holly A.
Published: October 2020

“You see?” said Knarf, suddenly rounding on Ord.

“What about the story?” Ord asked. “It seems to have bogged down in world history. Did it ever get out again?”

“The story goes on, but as the book rises to its crisis it shifts into the major theme of the whole community. It is people in a context and the context grows more and more important. They are only little fishes in a maelstrom.”

“I'm fond of fish,” said Ord, obstinately, determined to get Knarf off his high horse. “What happened to that poor fish, Ally?”

… … …

Ally wasn't so much a fish as a limpet.

Marking a narrative break in the twenty-fourth-century writer Knarf's novel about world war II, a novel Knarf recounts orally to his Friend Ord, this passage From Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow (1947; 342-43), by M. Barnard Eldershaw (pseudonym of Marjorie Barnard and Flora Eldershaw), enacts a scene of collaboration, falling just short of “full and equal” partnership (though perhaps all literary collaboration must thus fall). Knarf is a reader of his own text, a listener to his own story; the writer is continually in conversation—disagreeing and agreeing with—a would-be writer of the text; that conversation inflects, indeed inscribes itself in, the writer's writing, so that the would-be other writer—who is a reader and listener too—becomes inseparable from the text in process. Thematically contained in these relations, but also uncontainably circumscribing them, are “world history” and “community”: those suprapersonal entities both demand and are produced by collaboration(ism), yet they also overwhelm, dwarf, or marginalize “little fishes” like Ally, Ord, and Knarf. But, then again, world history and community are themselves elusive if meant as much more than fictions about and by little fishes, riding on their high horses.
Funding the Humanities through Biocultures
Authors: Hausman Bernice L.
Published: October 2020

In Profession 2005, Louis Menand complained that the same theoretical paradigm has dominated the humanities during the last few decades and that new ones are sorely needed: “What [humanities departments] need to do is hunt down the disciplines whose subject matter they covet and bring them into their own realm” (14). Biocultures may be one of the new paradigms he was looking for, both theoretically and practically.
South Central Modern Language Association
Authors: McWhirter David
Published: October 2020

The 2000 SCMLA meeting will be held 9-11 November at the historic Gunter Hotel in San Antonio. Our Lady of the Lake University, Saint Mary's University, Trinity University, the University of Texas, San Antonio, and the University of Incarnate Word will host the convention, with Richard Pressman (Saint Mary's Univ.) acting as local arrangements chair and Marita Nummikoski (Univ. of Texas, San Antonio) serving as treasurer. This year's theme is Teaching Languages and Literatures: Histories, Practices, Speculations. Highlights will include plenary speaker Nicolás Kanellos, founder and director of Arte Público Press, and a reading by Latina writer Carmen Tafolla. Various special events will highlight and celebrate our work as teachers; a breakfast roundtable devoted to visual arts in the language and literature classroom will be held in conjunction with a specially arranged tour of the Rockefeller Center for Latin American Art.

SCMLA membership remains strong, with approximately 1,800 dues-paying members. Publications received by 2000 members include four issues of the South Central Review, summer and winter newsletters, and the San Antonio convention packet. To join SCMLA, write to Ede Hilton-Lowe, SCMLA, Dept. of English, Texas A&M Univ., College Station 77843-4227, or download a membership form from our Web site (http://www-english.tamu.edu/scmla/). Dues for joint members are $35; full professors, $30; associate and assistant professors, $25; instructors, retired professors, and graduate students, $20. The Web site features our online newsletter, which includes calls for papers, deadline and grant application information, and information on upcoming conferences.
Report of the Midwest Modern Language Association
Authors: Lewis Thomas E.
Published: October 2020

In a decade of cutbacks in travel allowances and of decreased faculty job mobility, the regional modern language associations must assume greater responsibility for shaping the quality of our professional life. MMLA understands this necessity and is helping to develop a stronger regional identity for the Midwest in the 1980s.
Report of the Midwest Modern Language Association
Authors: Duarte Maria A.
Published: October 2020

The third annual MMLA Book Award will be presented in November 1988. The competition is open only to members of the association. Each year, the University Press of Kentucky will publish the best original work of literary criticism or history submitted to the competition and will award a prize of $1,000 to the author. The press also reserves the right to publish any other submitted manuscripts that the Committee of Judges recommends for publication
Report of the Northeast Modern Language Association
Authors: Washington Ida H.
Published: October 2020

The 1989 NEMLA convention will be held 31 March-2 April at the Radisson Hotel in Wilmington, Delaware, with the University of Delaware as the host institution. The local committee is chaired by Joan L. Brown and Joan Del Fattore (Univ. of Delaware). Information about the convention may be obtained from NEMLA President F. William Forbes, Dept. of Spanish and Classics, Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.
Northeast Modern Language Association
Authors: Manson Michael Tomasek
Published: October 2020

The Northeast Modern Language Association will celebrate the new millennium by participating in a centenary reexamination of the Pan-American Exposition of 1901. The convention will be held 7–8 April 2000 at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Buffalo, New York. Erie Community College will host the convention, and the local arrangements chair is Annette Magid. The keynote speech will be delivered by Michael Frisch, a historian at the State University of New York, Buffalo, who is orchestrating the scholarly reexamination of the 1901 Expo. The convention will feature readings by the poets Charles Bernstein, Robert Creeley, Carl Dennis, Irving Feldman, and Dennis Tedlock. Scholars are invited to respond to the call for papers by 1 September 1999. The call is available on the Web site or from the executive director.
Disability History, Power, and Rethinking the Idea of “the Other”
Authors: Kudlick Catherine J.
Published: October 2020

I'd like to begin with an anecdote. when i was an undergraduate at the University of California, Santa Cruz, a leader from an African country came to speak on the impact of a recent revolution in his homeland. The speech was inspired and exciting and provoked many questions. It being Santa Cruz in the late 1970s, a woman stood up in the back of the room and asked, “After the revolution, what will your country do to help our lesbian sisters?” The speaker looked perplexed and turned to a translator, who explained that lesbians were women who made love to one another like men and women did. The speaker expressed shock until a flash of recognition came over him as he explained, “Well, we will cure that with medicine!”
Voices From the Classroom
Authors: Newby Wendy L.
Published: October 2020

As a former trainer in a teaching program and an educational psychologist special-izing in disabilities, I have viewed learning from two perspectives: that of the teacher and that of the learner. My more recent role in administration has caused me to consider these perspectives in a more unified manner, concentrating specifically on the link between teaching and learning in higher education. Here at Emory, my responsibility is to view the total academic experience of students with disabilities and to work with faculty members to develop policies and procedures that will allow our students full access to educational opportunities. I am asked to build bridges between teaching and learning at an institution that has until recently taken for granted that everyone is equally endowed for learning and learns similarly. The unwritten understanding has been that if one passes the threshold of admission into this community, one does not have needs that might be considered “special.”
From the Streets to the Stage: Disability and the Performing Arts
Authors: Sandahl Carrie
Published: October 2020

Despite its newness, disability-theater studies is an incredibly rich area of inquiry that is exploding in artistic practice and scholarship. The university is a particularly suitable site for a meeting of disability and the theater; after all, we theater scholars think of our classrooms and productions as laboratories not only for showcasing knowledge but for producing, rehearsing, and revising it. As the theater scholar Jill Dolan points out, live performance, especially in the liberal arts setting, has the unique power to test, on bodies willing to try them, academic theories that are otherwise purely theoretical. The feedback loop that oscillates between theory and practice in theater studies is necessarily changed by the inclusion of disability perspectives in the classroom, research programs, and performance offerings. Interestingly, an underlying theme of disability perspectives is that the lived experience of disability is always already performative; indeed, many of us with disabilities understand our disabilities as performance, not exclusively in an aesthetic or theoretical sense, but as an actual mode of living in the world. Consider what the playwright and wheelchair user John Belluso told me in a recent interview: “Any time I get on a public bus, I feel like it's a moment of theater. I'm lifted, the stage is moving up, and I enter, and people are along the lines, and they're turning and looking, and I make my entrance. It's theater, and I have to perform. And I feel like we as disabled people are constantly onstage and we're constantly performing.” The perspective of disability as performance undergirds and permeates disability art and scholarship. Thus, my own development as a disability-theater scholar and artist frames my perception of how disability challenges both the practical and the theoretical aspects of theater studies and points to the role universities play in fostering further development of the field.
After Words
Authors: Sheppard Alice
Published: October 2020

In the months since the emory conference, my relation to disability studies has changed. I attended the conference as a spectator, eager to probe the shape and problems of the field. My PhD is in medieval studies, and I was beginning a project on historical representations of disability, deformity, and miraculous healing. Now, as a member of the MLA's Committee on Disability Issues in the Profession, I am involved in the post-conference evaluatory process and in other disability-related professional initiatives. Each stage of this journey has been informed by a growing awareness of what might in other contexts be articulated as a problem of field identity. When I read the conference title—Disability Studies and the University—and looked through the program, I found myself imagining conversations between the theme and the paper titles. That there was such a difference between what I envisioned and what I saw might be an index of my interpretive skills, but it might also indicate the challenges of defining and recognizing disability studies.
Presidential Address 1980
Authors: Conarroe Joel
Published: October 2020

Though in principle I am speaking as the voice of the MLA and expressing its concerns, I have noticed in reading past presidential speeches that presidents are helpless to do other than to express their own hopes, couched in various literary frames of reference, in addresses tending toward the homiletic. I cannot hope to escape the invisible but nonetheless inflexible conventions of the convention. But perhaps the expression of my own thoughts can be on this occasion what Stevens calls the little string that speaks for a crowd of voices. I choose as my text Wordsworth's vow at the end of The Prelude:
What we have loved, Others will love, and we will teach them how.
Alison's Incapacity - Reply
Authors: Crane Susan
Published: October 2020

Susan Crane's “Alison's Incapacity and Poetic Instability in the Wife of Bath's Tale” (102 [1987]: 20–28), though superior to many of the articles it cites, finally demonstrates not so much the Wife's “incapacity” as the inadequacy of an approach that Crane shares with many critics of the Wife of Bath. The approach is characterized by a failure to distinguish sufficiently between the prologue and the tale and by the related assumption (despite words to the contrary) that Alison is a real person, not a fictitious character.
Potential use of phosphogypsum in paving blocks
Authors: Hamdi Abdessattar , Ben Jamaa Nejib , Kallel Kammoun Imen
Published: October 2020

The present work aims to contribute to finding more recycling routes for phosphogypsum (PG) and its potential uptake in the material construction industry as paving blocks. Laboratory testing was conducted to formulate mixes using PG as fine sand replacement. An optimal 20% substitution rate was proved. Industrially processed paving blocks were made for high-quality experimental investigation. The most interesting testing results of PG paving blocks are the low water absorption coefficient of 5.7% and excellent mechanical properties, including high compressive and flexural strengths at early age (20.7 and 4.65 MPa at 7 days, respectively). Compressive strength evolves with respect to the curing period: 26% increase at 28 days and 36% increase at 90 days; flexural strength evolves from 6% at 28 days to 10% at 90 days. The leaching test showed low levels of heavy metals released, and their concentrations were lower in the mix than in the raw PG. For all the aforementioned results, PG waste from a phosphate plant in Gabès, Tunisia was proved to have high potential for reuse in the manufacturing of paving blocks with low health risks and excellent properties. Reusing PG waste in paving blocks would thus contribute to solving an environmental issue and reduce the use of sand, which is prone to depletion as a non-renewable resource.
Assessment of satellite-derived rainfall and its use in the ACRU agro-hydrological model
Authors: S Suleman  , KT Chetty  , DJ Clark  , E Kapangaziwiri
Published: October 2020

Unfortunately, for various reasons, in-situ rain gauge networks are diminishing, especially in southern Africa, resulting in sparse networks whose records give a poor representation of rainfall occurrence, patterns and magnitudes. Hydrological models are used to inform decision making; however, model performance is directly linked to the quality of input data, such as rainfall. Therefore, the use of satellite-derived rainfall is being increasingly advocated as a viable alternative or supplement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the representativeness of satellite-derived rainfall and its utility in the ACRU agro-hydrological model to simulate streamflow magnitudes, distributions and patterns. The satellite-derived rainfall products selected for use in this study were TRMM3B42, FEWSARC2.0, FEWSRFE2.0, TAMSAT 3.0 and GPM-IMERG4. The satellite rainfall products were validated against available historical observed records and then were used to drive simulations using the ACRU agro-hydrological model in the upper uMngeni, upper uThukela and upper and central Breede catchments in South Africa. At the daily timescale, satellite-derived and observed rainfall were poorly correlated and variable among locations. However, monthly, seasonal and yearly rainfall totals and simulated streamflow volumes were in closer agreement with historical observations than the daily correlations; more so in the upper uMngeni and uThukela than in the upper and central Breede (e.g. FEWSARC2.0 and FEWSRFE2.0, producing relative volume errors of 3.18%, 4.63%, −5.07% and 2.54%, 9.54%, −1.67%, respectively, at Gauges V2E002, 0268883 and 02396985). Therefore, the satellite-derived rainfall shows promise for use in applications operating at coarser temporal scales than at finer daily ones. Complex topographical rainfall generation and varying weather systems, e.g. frontal rainfall, affected the accuracy of satellite-derived product estimates. This study focused on utilising the wealth of available raw satellite data; however, it is clear that the raw satellite data need to be corrected for bias and/or downscaled to provide more accurate results.
Responses of macroinvertebrate community metrics to urban pollution in semi-arid catchments around the city of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tongayi Mwedzi  , Nqobizitha Siziba  , Oghenekaro Nelson Odume  , Eisen Nyamazana  , Innocent Mabika
Published: October 2020

River health monitoring is becoming increasingly important because of the anthropogenic activities that continue to impact on water quality and biodiversity of aquatic systems. This study aimed at identifying and evaluating macroinvertebrate community-based metrics that best respond to degradation due to urban pollution in riverine systems of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Data (physicochemical variables and macroinvertebrate specimens) were collected from 17 sites over 3 seasons. The sites were selected across an impairment gradient comprising less impacted, moderately impacted and heavily impacted sites.  Heavily impacted sites had the highest levels of total dissolved solids, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, total phosphates, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and sedimentary zinc. Dissolved oxygen was significantly highest in less impacted sites. Sensitivity of 24 macroinvertebrate metrics to this impairment gradient were assessed. A total of 5 metrics were identified as sensitive to modifications in water quality due to urban pollution. These metrics were taxon richness, South African Scoring System (SASS5) score, average score per taxon (ASPT), percentage collectors and percentage scrapers. The selected metrics will be useful for the monitoring and assessment of the studied riverine systems and can be further integrated into one multimetric index that combines a range of indices and allows the integration of ecological information for better management of aquatic ecosystems in this region.
Physico-chemical parameters and culturable yeast diversity in surface water: a consequence of pollution
Authors: Mzimkhulu Monapathi  , Carlos Bezuidenhout  , Owen Rhode
Published: October 2020

Rivers in the North West Province (NWP) of South Africa are polluted by various anthropogenic activities that are associated with agricultural, domestic, industrial, and mining activities. Pollutants and effluent resulting from these activities impact the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of river water. More particularly, domestic and agricultural pollution has been associated with the occurrence of pathogenic yeast species in water. The aim of this study was to determine physico-chemical parameters, yeast levels, and the antifungal susceptibility of pathogenic yeasts in river water. Physico-chemical parameters and yeast levels were determined using standard procedures. Yeasts were identified by biochemical tests and 26S rRNA gene sequencing. Disc diffusion antifungal susceptibility tests were conducted on identified potential pathogenic yeasts. Physico-chemical parameters were within target water quality ranges (TWQR) for livestock farming but were mostly out of range for irrigation. Yeast levels (incubation at 37°C) ranged from 363 to 1 778 CFU/L. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the physico-chemical parameters and yeast levels between some seasons and among the river systems under study. A positive association was observed between temperature, COD and yeast levels in all the river systems. Ascomycetes, which were the most prevalent isolates, were identified as Candida spp. (35%), Pichia spp. (13%), Cyberlinera spp. (12%), Meyerozyma spp. (11%), Clavispora spp. (10%), Saccharomyces spp. (6%), Kluyveromyces spp. (5%), Yamadazyma spp. (4%), Trichosporon spp. (3%), and Wickerhamomyces spp. (1%). Antifungal resistance of the potential pathogenic yeasts was as follows: flucytosine and miconazole (100%) > fluconazole (78.5%) > econazole, and miconazole and ketoconazole (49.6%) > nystatin (15.2%). The river water systems explored in the study are used for agricultural, domestic and recreational purposes. Direct contact with the water, especially by immune-compromised people, may pose a health threat and should be further investigated.
Re-evaluating the strength of pit-latrine faecal sludge from dynamic cone penetrometer test data
Authors: Yasmine Shafiq  , Stuart Haigh  , Rochelle Holm  , Alison Parker
Published: October 2020

In 2017, 55% of the global population were without safely managed sanitation services. On-site sanitation solutions, such as pit latrines, provide the majority of sanitation coverage across developing countries. Appropriate technologies are required in order to safely empty these latrines without damage to people or the environment. The design of appropriate emptying technologies can be hampered by a lack of knowledge of the mechanical properties of the waste, such as its strength. This paper will develop a calibration for a dynamic cone penetrometer to give accurate measurements of faecal sludge strength against a standard scale, rendering existing data comparable. It will be shown that the maximum shear strengths of faecal sludge found in practice are substantially greater than those previously reported; some pit latrines contain faecal sludge with strength values of 5–20 kPa at the surface, and exceeding 80 kPa at depth.
An empirical analysis of residential meter degradation in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Ryan Fourie  , Annlizé L Marnewick  , Nazeer Joseph
Published: October 2020

Understanding the degradation rates of water meters assists utilities in making informed management decisions regarding meter replacement programmes and meter technology selection. This research evaluated the performance of 200 residential meters of two different technologies commonly used in Gauteng, South Africa, namely velocity meters and volumetric meters. This was done by conducting empirical meter testing in a verification laboratory and evaluating the degradation accuracy of each meter technology based on age and volume. Results indicate that velocity meters experience an accuracy degradation rate of approximately −1.13% per 1 000 kL of volume passed through the meter and an inferred initial error of −10.80%.  Meter accuracy was not strongly related to age of the velocity meters tested. Volumetric meters did not exhibit a strong link with either age or accumulated volume, indicated by a loose grouping of results. These results indicate that accumulated volume of a velocity meter is a more reliable predictor of accuracy than age, and should be used when planning replacement strategies for velocity meters. Additionally, the lack of predictable degradation rates related to either age or accumulated volume for volumetric meters indicates that the accuracy of volumetric meters is primarily affected by other external factors, such as particulates or entrained air in the water network.  These findings will assist utility managers in predicting the accuracy of their meter fleet and in making informed decisions regarding meter replacement.
Syrian Refugees in the Turkish Labour Market: A Socio-Economic Analysis
Authors: PİNEDO CARO Luis
Published: October 2020

This article explores the socio-economic conditions of Syrian refugees in Turkey with the help of the Household Labour Force Survey. Firstly, it describes and analyses some of the challenges derived from an expansive population pyramid, low school attendance rates and high labour market attachment from an early age. Then, it assesses the employment and wage structure of Syrian workers, including the estimation of returns to schooling and a test for employer discrimination towards Syrian refugees. On the one hand, the results suggest that refugees are not discriminated against comparable Turkish employees. On the other hand, for Syrians with university degrees, informal work arrangements and lack of prior learning recognition make their return to schooling five times lower than that of formally employed Turkish citizens.
Uluslararası Aktarım Kanalı Bağlamında Geleneksel ve Geleneksel Olmayan Para Politikası Stratejileri Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma
Authors: YILDIRIM Durmuş Çağrı , KIRCI Buket
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada, gelişmekte olan ülkeler için (Romanya, Polonya, Macaristan ve Türkiye) geleneksel ve geleneksel olmayan para politikası stratejilerinin etkinliği panel VAR metodolojisi ile 2008: 1-2017: 5 dönemi için araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, küresel kriz sonrası dönemde gelişmekte olan ülkelerde geleneksel politika uygulamaları ile milli hasıla üzerinde anlamlı ve kalıcı etkiler yaratılamayacağını ortaya koymaktadır. Geleneksel olmayan para politikasının enflasyon üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi saptanamazken, reel efektif kur üzerinde güçlü ve kalıcı etkilerin mevcut olduğu görülmektedir.
Çok Katmanlı Yapay Sinir Ağları Yöntemi ile Altın Fiyatlarının Tahmini
Authors: SÖYLEMEZ Yakup
Published: October 2020

Finansal zaman serilerinin doğru tahmin edilebilmesi finansal piyasalarda pozisyon alanlara hem yatırım fırsatları sunabilmekte hem de finansal varlıklarını hedge edebilme olanağı sağlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda önemli bir yatırım aracı olan altının fiyatının tahmin edilebilmesi son derece önemlidir. Araştırma yapay sinir ağları yöntemini kullanarak altın fiyatlarının bir gün önceki çeşitli girdi değişkenleriyle tahmin edilebilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Uygulama kısmında 03.11.2014-31.10.2019 tarihleri arasında oluşan altın fiyatları, Brent petrol fiyatları, VIX endeksi, Dow Jones Endeksi ve ABD Dolar endeksi değişkenleri kullanılarak çok katmanlı yapay sinir ağları ile tahmin edilmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda altın fiyatlarını en iyi tahmin eden model bulunmuş ve altın fiyatları %98,44 oranında doğru tahmin edilmiştir.
Suçun İktisadi Analizi: Türkiye ve Avrupa Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama
Authors: ŞENTÜRK ULUCAK Zübeyde , BİLGİLİ Faik
Published: October 2020

Suç hem mikro iktisadi açıdan hem de makro iktisadi açıdan toplumlar ve ekonomiler için önemli tehditler içermektedir. Mikro analizlerde gelir, işsizlik, eğitim, eşitsizlik gibi değişkenlerin suç üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Makro analizlerde ise suçun rekabet gücünü azaltacağı, yabancı yatırımcıları caydıracağı, özel ve kamu fonlarının suç önlemeye yönelik verimsiz alanlara aktarılmasına sebep olacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin dahil edildiği 25 Avrupa ülkesinde, suçun sosyoekonomik belirleyicilerini ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar gelir, eğitim, refah düzeyinin suçları negatif; işsizlik, fiyat artışı ve eşitsizliğin ise suçları pozitif etkilediğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, sonuçlar suçun ekonomik büyüme üzerinde negatif etkiye sahip olduğunu doğrulamaktadır.
Spinal metastazlı kraniyal glioblastoma multiforme olgusu
Authors: KARACA Feryal , MENTEŞ Selahattin , ARSLAN Ali , KESEN Oğuzhan , CEYRAN Gökay , ÇİL Timuçin
Published: October 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme en sık görülen ve en agresif primer beyin tümörüdür. Glioblastoma multiforme'nin prognozu oldukça kötüdür. Bu tümörlerin küratif tedavilerinden sonra bile, intrakraniyal lokal nüks, kraniyal metastaz ve spinal metastazlar ortaya çıkabilir. Kraniyal glioblastoma multiforme olgularının %0.4–%2’sinde spinal metastaz teşhis edilebilir. Bu hastalarda tanıdan spinal metastaza kadar geçen süre 10-13 aydır ve spinal metastaz sonrası ortalama sağkalım süresi 3-4 aydır. Sol frontal lobda glioblastoma multiformeden operasyon öyküsü olan hastamızda sıradışı olarak tanıdan 4 yıl sonra spinal metastaz gelişmiş, hasta palyatif radyoterapiye rağmen tanıdan 53 gün sonra ölmüştür. Bu olguda uzun süre progresyonsuz seyreden supratentoryal yerleşimli primer glioblastoma multiformeden kaynaklanan nadir spinal metastazı vurgulayacağız.
Opening of the Ice Age Geopark in the village of Starunya in the Carpathian Region
Authors: Adamenko Oleg , Kovbaniuk Ivan , Mosiuk Mykola
Published: October 2020

The Ice Age Geopark (IAG) is a landscape and architectural model of the ancient Late Pleistocene (45-11 kya BP) natural environment of the last epoch of Vistula (Würm, Valdai) glaciation when giant animals of the so-called mammoth fauna inhabited the study area. Today, it is a natural geological landmark ‘Starunia’, which acquired this status in 1984. In addition to fossil mammals, among the IAG’s objects are eleven types of mineralized water sources, the only active mud volcano in the Carpathians, a number of oil volcanoes, a gas flare burning from the 1940s over the borehole ‘Nadiia’, and the remains of concrete foundations of oil boreholes and others. The first carcasses of mammoth Mammuthus primigenius Blum., embalmed with salt and bitumen, and woolly rhinoceros Rinoceros antignitatis Bium were recovered from the depths of 12.5 m and 17.6 м, respectively, from the mine №4 (“Mammoth”) during the development of the ozokerite deposit in 1907 on the SW border of the Starunia village, Bohorodchany district Ivano-Frankivsk region. In 1929, an expedition of the Academy of Arts and Sciences from Krakiw, investigating the mine at the depth of 17 m, found the remains of three woolly rhinoceroses. Such artifacts became the objects of the proposal to create an Ice Age Geopark in Starunia, the project of which was completed in 2006 by Associate Professor D.O. Zorin and Head of Starunia village I.V. Mosiuk. The natural environment of mammoth fauna – periglacial tundra – was reconstructed by joint Ukrainian-Polish expeditions of 2004–2005 and 2007–2009 using the methods of palynological, paleocarpological, malacofauna analyses and determination of the absolute age by 14C dating. (M. Kotarba, R. Stakhovych-Rybka, T. Sokolovskyi, etc.). In 2019, an ecological-cultural project “Small Cities – Great Impressions” of the Starunia Village Council and the Association of Village, Town Councils and United Communities of Ukraine, the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine with the participation of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas was implemented. To simulate the figures of mammoth, rhino, deer and hunter-cutter the technique of Topiar Art, known since Roman times was used. On October 26, 2019, the Festival-opening of IAG was held with ca. 17,000 visitors. The real implementation of the scientific idea has begun.
Сontribution of Vladimir Markovich Fridland to the development of comparative-geographic approach
Authors: Davydiuk Mykola
Published: October 2020

The paper is devoted to the outstanding soviet geographer and soil scientist, Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1964), Professor (1968) Vladimir Fridland (1919–1983). A prominent place in his research works was taken by geospatial comparative-geographic studies. V. Fridland took part in many research projects in various parts of the world, including his motherland. From the actualistic and evaluative positions, the paper considers the important (at present) results from the seminal works of V. Fridland, which he had obtained using a wide range of methodological tools and research techniques, including comparative-geographical approach. V. Fridland also made an important contribution to the formation and development of natural geography. He enriched theoretical, methodological and applied aspects not only of soil science, but of geography in general. In his work of 1956, the scientist convincingly, in a concise comparative form and causal relationship, highlighted the natural conditions of the USSR and outlined their foreign analogues. In his influential work of 1964, V. Fridland had investigated the weathering processes, types of weathering, genesis and geography of soils in Northern Vietnam. In the 1970s, the pioneering scientist created a new research area – the doctrine of the structure of soil cover. Through field research in many regions of the Earth, the scientist has used and improved the approaches and methods of many natural sciences, including comparative one. V. Fridland successfully and productively used in scientific research almost the entire range of comparative-geographical methods. V. Fridland was the first one in the soviet geography to identify comparative method as an approach.
SHORT SENSORY PROFILE: ADAPTATION MADE WITH THE UKRAINIAN SAMPLE OF HEALTHY CHILDREN AND CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Vakulenko Yu. V.
Published: October 2020

The article describes and analyzes the questionnaire “Short Sensory Profile (SSP)”. The original variant of the Profile, its features and advantages in using as a diagnostic tool and as an informational material describing for parents the specifics of their children’s disorders are described. The impaired processing and integration of sensory information characteristic for healthy children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is examined. Attention is drawn that sensory features and its violations characteristic for healthy and ASD children should be researched with a Ukrainian sample.
The results of SSP adaptation and validation with the sample of Ukrainian children are presented. The questionnaire was translated into Ukrainian language from the original one (English) by a professional interpreter. The adapted version passed an asymmetrical translation, which helped to preserve the meanings of used statements and comply with the requirements of language clarity and certainty. The parents of 506 children (293 healthy children and 213 children with autism spectrum disorder) took part in the questionnaire adaptation; they filled the questionnaire about their children’s sensory patterns. Children were further divided into 6 groups by age and the presence / absence of a diagnosed autism spectrum disorder. Excel 2016 was used to calculate the scores, and IBM SPSS v.23 statistical application was used to check the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire. The SSP psychometric characteristics, such as internal consistency of the statements, retest reliability, obvious validity, validity by the criteria and constructive validity, were at high and sufficient levels.
The procedure and interpretation of the study results were standardized. For this, the frequency distribution was calculated by the general indicator and additionally by age groups to determine the severity of sensory disturbances in children and adolescents.
According to the results of frequency distribution, the overall distribution of scores was determined, which gave the possibility to determine the presence and severity of the violations in processing and integration of sensory information by children and adolescents.
VALUE AND IDENTIFICATION GROUNDS OF AN ATTRIBUTION OF GUILT CARRIED OUT BY YOUNG PEOPLE TO PARTICIPANTS OF SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
Authors: Vasiutynskyi V. O.
Published: October 2020

The article covers the results of the study of the value and identification grounds of attributing guilt to the participants of social interactions. 111 students of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv evaluated the degree of mutual fault of 41 pairs of interpersonal, intergroup and inter-ethnic interactions participants. The questionnaire was supplemented with the S. Schwartz's test for the diagnosis of values, the J. Rotter's test of internal and external locus of control, the tests for the diagnosis of collective narcissism and identification with all humanity.
Generalization of the obtained data allowed detecting the most significant value and identification characteristics that determined a direction and content of attribution of guilt to participants of interpersonal and intergroup interactions carried out by young people. They were: collective narcissism, identification with communities, in particular with Ukrainians, the values of conformity, tradition, benevolence and security.
In interpersonal sphere, the relationships with parents and a parental family are the most sensitive to the attribution of guilt. Significant family interaction lays the psychological foundations for further blame attitudes in a broader social environment at different levels of communities.
In the Ukrainian politicized society, a psychologically important figure is a close political opponent. Blaming him or her helps a person to identify him or herself as an active agent of social behavior.
A political context of current social life has a significant impact on an assessment of intergroup guilt. The most important factors are political and ideological attitudes in the space of Ukrainian-Russian values confrontation and attitudes to official power as the most likely culprit of existing problems. Of the three areas of social interaction assessed, the least blaming content was found in Ukrainians’ relations with the neighboring peoples.
Developmental Language Disorder: Considerations for Implementing School-Based Screenings
Authors: Komesidou R. , Summy R.
Published: October 2020

Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is a condition that impacts children’s ability to understand and/or use language. DLD is highly prevalent in the school-age population, but it remains misunderstood and underdiagnosed. Along with raising public awareness, there is a need for improved educational practices for identifying children with DLD. Universal language screening in the early grades is a promising solution for improving under-identification of DLD but it requires systematic approaches that consider the heterogeneity of school contexts and their unique challenges. In this paper, we introduce DLD and discuss how frameworks commonly used in implementation science can help with the adoption and maintenance of early language screening.
Teasing Apart the Effect of Depression Specific and Anxiety Specific Symptoms on Academic Outcomes
Authors: Gorman E.L. , Burke H.H. , Rubino L.G. , Vargas I. , Haeffel G.J.
Published: October 2020

Research shows that adolescents’ performance in school can be negatively affected by depression and anxiety. However, past studies have used nonspecific measures of depression and anxiety that preclude researchers from understanding their unique effects. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by teasing apart the effects of depression specific and anxiety specific symptoms on end of semester grade point average (GPA) and the likelihood of dropping a course. We used a 3-month longitudinal design with a sample of 130 United States (U.S.) undergraduates. Results showed that only cumulative GPA and ACT score predicted end of semester GPA. However, high levels of anxiety specific (anxious arousal), but not depression specific (anhedonia), symptoms predicted whether or not a student dropped a course. These results suggest that targeting anxiety specific symptoms in schools may be effective in improving academic outcomes.
Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review for Parents and Clinicians
Authors: Zhukova M. , Talantseva O.I. , Logvinenko T.I. , Titova O.S. , Grigorenko E.L.
Published: October 2020

Complementary and alternative therapy (CAT) methods for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are widespread in European countries and the Russian Federation; however, their efficacy and safety is not routinely considered by parents and clinicians when recommended or used. The current narrative review presents the most widely known CAT interventions for children with ASD synthesizing data from meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials obtained from the PubMed database based on the safety-efficacy model. We have found that, of the reviewed CATs, only the melatonin intervention can be considered safe and effective for children with ASD with comorbid sleep problems. The methods that were classified as safe but had inconclusive efficacy are recommended to be implemented only when they do not interfere with front line treatment for ASD, Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Methods with the lack of current evidence for the efficacy such as auditory integration therapies, bioacoustic correction, sensory integration therapy, micropolarization, animal assisted therapy, and dietary interventions should not be recommended as alternative treatments and can only be used as complimentary to ABA-based interventions. We advise against the use of chelation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and holding therapy due their documented harmful psychological and physical effects. When considering CAT for ASD we recommend parents and clinicians use the criteria suggested by Lofthouse and colleagues [59]: only the therapies that are safe, easy, cheap, and sensible can be recommended and used, as opposed to therapies that are risky, unrealistic, difficult, or expensive that should not be recommended or utilized.
Motivation of Use of e-Learning Tools in Pedagogical Professional Activity and Didactic Principles of their Design
Authors: Martyushova Y.G. , Naumov A.V.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the issues of motivation of teachers to use electronic means of education in the educational process of higher school. The results of the experimental work with the teaching staff showed that the main motives of teachers working with electronic means of education are: the possibility to track students their work results in the semester, the possibility of continuous monitoring by the teacher of the student ‘s work, the presence of a function of teaching students with disabilities, attractiveness for students to work with electronic textbook. Based on the experience of using the system of distance CLASS.NET, in teaching physical and mathematical disciplines in MAI and studying the opinion of teachers by means of questionnaires, the most demanded functions of electronic textbook by teachers have been identified. In order for these functions to be developed, e-learning tools must be guided by certain didactic principles of their design, which are formulated in the article.
Self-System in Subjective Experience of Unbalanced Mental States
Authors: Prokhorov A.O. , Kartasheva M.I.
Published: October 2020

In the article the features of the interrelationship between the self-system and the subjective (mental) experience of unbalanced states are considered. Correlations between the self-system’s characteristics and affective, cognitive, physiological and behavioral indicators of the perceptual, semantic, conceptual layers of the subjective experience of mental states are established. The connections are most pronounced for the states with extreme level of mental activity: excitement, rage, fatigue and loneliness. Indicators of the attitudes to oneself and to the world are more closely related to the perceptual and semantic layers of subjective (mental) experience.
Actualization of Existing Experience and Features of Subsequent Learning
Authors: Svarnik O.E. , Bulava A.I. , Gladilin D.L. , Nazhestkin I.A. , Kuzina E.A.
Published: October 2020

The article presents data on the study of neurogenetic changes in the rat brain and the features of performing various behavioral acts during acquisition of a food-acquisition skill, depending on the actualization of the previously acquired skill. The experiments involved 13 animals who were successively trained in the following behaviors: new context in the open field test, new objects in the object preference test, drinking behavior using a vibrissal pad, and food-acquisition behavior of pressing the pedal. It turned out that the nature of motor activity and the severity of neurogenetic changes during learning a new skill in individuals who immediately before this training occurred short-term actualization of the experience formed at one of the previous stages of training, significantly differed from the same parameters in individuals who did not have such actualization. It is suggested that the actualization of previously formed experience before new training contributes to the formation of a new component of experience, but not in the sense of accelerating the formation of new behavior, but in the aspect of increasing the number of active neurons that change the expression of their genes.